bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C3−H Silylation of Furfurylimines: Direct Access to a Novel Biobased Versatile Synthetic Platform Derived from Furfural
Authors: Curpanen Sebastien , Poli Giovanni , Perez‐Luna Alejandro , Oble Julie
Published: May 2022

Herein we report directed iridium‐catalyzed C3−H silylation of furfuryl imines, which grants access to versatile synthetic platforms. This transformation was developed on furfuryl derivatives, using imines as directing groups, and trialkylsilanes or bis(trimethylsilyl)methylsilane as silylating agents, in the presence of a hydride scavenger. Subsequently, fluoride‐mediated activation strategies were applied to the C3−SiMe(OSiMe3)2 furfural derivatives to achieve a wide range of transformations of the C3−Si bond. Arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, allylation and alkylation, as well as halogenation and trifluoromethylation were achieved in modest to high yields. A variety of high value‐added products were thus easily obtained from the same common C3‐silylated furfural‐based platform.
Plasma MIA, CRP, and Albumin Predict Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Shen Junchao , Amari Noor , Zack Rebecca , Skrinak R. Tyler , Unger Travis L. , Posavi Marijan , Tropea Thomas F. , Xie Sharon X. , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Dewey Richard B. , Weintraub Daniel , Trojanowski John Q. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice S.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Using a multi‐cohort, discovery‐replication‐validation design, we sought new plasma biomarkers that predict which individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) will experience cognitive decline.

Methods

In 108 discovery cohort PD individuals and 83 replication cohort PD individuals, we measured 940 plasma proteins on an aptamer‐based platform. Using proteins associated with subsequent cognitive decline in both cohorts, we trained a logistic regression model to predict which patients with PD showed fast (> = 1 point drop/year on Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) versus slow (< 1 point drop/year on MoCA) cognitive decline in the discovery cohort, testing it in the replication cohort. We developed alternate assays for the top 3 proteins and confirmed their ability to predict cognitive decline – defined by change in MoCA or development of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia – in a validation cohort of 118 individuals with PD. We investigated the top plasma biomarker for causal influence by Mendelian randomization (MR).

Results

A model with only 3 proteins (melanoma inhibitory activity protein [MIA], C‐reactive protein [CRP], and albumin) separated fast versus slow cognitive decline subgroups with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 in the validation cohort. The individuals with PD in the validation cohort in the top quartile of risk for cognitive decline based on this model were 4.4 times more likely to develop incident MCI or dementia than those in the lowest quartile. Genotypes at MIA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2233154 associated with MIA levels and cognitive decline, providing evidence for MIA's causal influence.

Conclusions

An easily obtained plasma‐based predictor identifies individuals with PD at risk for cognitive decline. MIA may participate causally in development of cognitive decline. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:255–269
Ein thermomorphes stark eutektisches Lösungsmittelmehrphasensystem für biokatalytische Anwendungen
Authors: Meyer Lars‐Erik , Andersen Mads Bruno , Kara Selin
Published: May 2022

In dieser Studie wurde die Anwendbarkeit eines thermomorphen Mehrphasensystems in Verbindung mit homogener Biokatalyse untersucht. Dabei bestand das thermomorphe Mehrphasensystem einerseits aus einem hydrophoben, stark eutektischen Lösungsmittel und andererseits aus einem wässrigen Kaliumphosphatpuffer. Wir fanden einen Phasenwechsel mit unterer kritischer Lösungstemperatur. Ein auf Lidocain basierendes stark eutektisches Lösungsmittel mit der Fettsäure Ölsäure als Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsdonor wurde dabei eingesetzt. Entsprechende Phasendiagramme wurden bestimmt und im Rahmen dieser Studie vorgestellt. Wir testeten die Auswirkung verschiedener zusätzlicher Komponenten zum Lösungsmittelsystem und beobachteten eine Abnahme des Trübungspunkts um ca. 0.026 °C pro Konzentrationseinheit. Des Weiteren konnte eine klare Anreicherung des Proteins in der wässrigen Pufferphase bestimmt werden (>95 %), während sich das hydrophobe Substrat und das Edukt zu >95 % in der stark eutektischen Lösungsmittelphase akkumulierten. Schließlich wurde eine durch Pferdeleberalkoholdehydrogenase katalysierte Reduktion im größeren Maßstab durchgeführt, wobei der Biokatalysator durch ein einfaches Abnehmen der stark eutektischen Lösungsmittelphase in drei Durchgängen wiederverwendet werden konnte.
Tailoring Coordination in Conventional Ether‐Based Electrolytes for Reversible Magnesium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhao Wanyu , Pan Zhenghui , Zhang Yijie , Liu Yuan , Dou Huanglin , Shi Yayun , Zuo Zhijun , Zhang Bowen , Chen Jianping , Zhao Xiaoli , Yang Xiaowei
Published: May 2022

Rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries based on conventional electrolytes are seriously plagued by the formation of the ion‐blocking passivation layer on the Mg metal anode. By tracking the Mg2+ solvation sheath, this work links the passivation components to the Mg2+‐solvents (1,2‐dimethoxyethane, DME) coordination and the consequent thermodynamically unstable DME molecules. On this basis, we propose a methodology to tailor solvation coordination by introducing the additive solvent with extreme electron richness. Oxygen atoms in phosphorus‐oxygen groups compete with that in carbon‐oxygen groups of DME for the coordination with Mg2+, thus softening the solvation sheath deformation. Meanwhile, the organophosphorus molecules in the rearranged solvation sheath decompose on the Mg surface, increasing the Mg2+ transport and electrical resistance by three and one orders of magnitude, respectively. Consequently, the symmetric cells exhibit superior cycling performance of over 600 cycles with low polarization.
Stereocontrolled Pericyclic and Radical Cycloaddition Reactions of Readily Accessible Chiral Alkenyl Diazaborolidines
Authors: Zhang Mingkai , Xu Peilin , Vendola Alex J. , Allais Christophe , Dechert Schmitt Anne‐Marie , Singer Robert A. , Morken James P.
Published: May 2022

In this paper is described an easily synthesized chiral diazaborolidine that is inexpensive, stable, and provides excellent stereoselection across a number of reaction classes. These versatile compounds possess utility in four different classes of cycloaddition reactions, offering good yield and stereoselectivity. X‐ray structure analysis provides insight about the origin of stereocontrol.
Preparation of self‐adhesive microcapsules and their application in functional textiles
Authors: Tian Yulei , Huang Xin , Cheng Ying , Niu Yunwei , Meng Qingran , Ma Jiajia , Zhao Yi , Kou Xingran , Ke Qinfei
Published: May 2022

This work is devoted to the preparation of self‐adhesive microcapsules and their mechanism of mutual sway with cotton fabrics. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) microcapsules were prepared by ionic gelation method and encapsulated with functional substances (lavender oils) to obtain microcapsules with multiple properties (aromatic). The textile auxiliary guar gum (GG) induce the microcapsules to aggregate into a network structure, which increases the chance of microcapsule adhesion on cotton fabrics. Fe3+ further enhance the binding of microcapsules to cotton fabrics through coordination, while ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can disrupt this binding, thus achieving controlled self‐adhesion. During the five self‐adhesive cycles, the weight gain rate of the microcapsules was 16.00%–17.00% and aromatic content between 0.600–0.700 mg/g when they adhered to the cotton fabric by coordination. After EDTA disrupted the adhesion of the microcapsules, the weight gain rate became 3.00%–3.50% and the content of aromatic was 0.041–0.058 mg/g. Therefore, the microcapsules prepared in this study can achieve multiple recyclable adhesion and de‐adhesion on cotton fabrics by Fe3+ and EDTA, providing new ideas for functionalization and diversification of textiles.
The secondUSpresidential social media transition: How private platforms impact the digital preservation of public records
Authors: Kriesberg Adam , Acker Amelia
Published: May 2022

A second presidential social media transition in the United States occurred as Joe Biden took office on January 20, 2021. In the years since Barack Obama pioneered the use of platforms like Facebook and Twitter while President, Donald Trump shaped his Presidency around the use of Twitter, primarily through a personal account created before entering politics. In this paper, we examine Donald Trump's use of Twitter during his presidency as a lens through which to understand the ongoing archival preservation and data management challenges posed by social media platforms. The blurred lines between public and private records, deleting tweets, and the preservation issues that appeared after his suspension from Twitter and other platforms following the January 6, 2021 insurrection at the US Capitol all highlight an urgent, ongoing need by archivists, digital preservationists, and information scholars to consider how we might collect and manage social media records in an ever‐changing information landscape. This paper draws primarily on publicly available information from existing preservation initiatives to analyze the state of digital preservation for presidential records. Our findings highlight how both public and private entities manage and provide access to Donald Trump's tweets, pointing to broader implications for social media data preservation.
Sensorintegrierte Digitale Zwillinge für das automatisierte Monitoring von Infrastrukturbauwerken
Authors: Smarsly Kay , Dragos Kosmas , Kölzer Thomas
Published: May 2022

Das automatisierte Bauwerksmonitoring auf Basis Digitaler Zwillinge hat sich als eine zeit‐ und kostengünstige Ergänzung zu manuellen Inspektionen bewährt, um ein vorausschauendes, prädiktives Instandhaltungsmanagement von Infrastrukturbauwerken zu gewährleisten. Digitale Zwillinge verknüpfen Sensordaten mit digitalen Modellen und Algorithmen, sodass Zustands‐ und Bestandsinformationen generiert und den Entscheidungsträgern in Echtzeit zur Verfügung gestellt werden können. Üblicherweise ist ein Digitaler Zwilling jedoch als sogenannte Single Source of Truth in Form zentraler Modelle auf einem zentralen Server situiert, sodass sehr große Datenmengen von den Sensoren vor Ort zum zentralen Server gesendet werden und der Server bei einem Ausfall das gesamte Monitoring zum Erliegen bringen würde. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer Machbarkeitsstudie vorgestellt, in der Digitale Zwillinge nicht mehr nur als Zentralmodell realisiert, sondern als digitale Modelle mit Algorithmen direkt in die Sensoren eingebettet werden. Jeder Sensor enthält damit einen partiellen Digitalen Zwilling seiner Umgebung, der mit den Digitalen Zwillingen weiterer Sensoren kommuniziert, sodass sich durch die Summe der einzelnen Modelle ein vollwertiger Digitaler Zwilling des gesamten Bauwerks ergibt. Die Machbarkeitsstudie wird beispielhaft anhand eines drahtlosen Bauwerksmonitoringsystems umgesetzt und dessen Praktikabilität am Monitoring einer Fußgängerbrücke aufgezeigt.
Prognostic value of the systemic inflammation response index in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhou Yaping , Zhang Yidi , Cui Mingming , Zhang Yuming , Shang Xiuli
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Inflammation plays an essential role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Recent studies have recognized the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) as a useful index to indicate inflammation status and predict the prognosis of multiple diseases. However, the relationship between SIRI and AIS prognosis is unclear. Our study is aimed to investigate the association between SIRI and the prognosis of AIS.

Methods

Our study prospectively recruited 287 consecutive patients with first‐ever stroke within 72 h after stroke. Demographic and clinical information was collected at baseline. The functional prognosis was assessed 3 months after AIS using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A poor outcome was defined as mRS > 2. SIRI was calculated as neutrophil × monocyte/lymphocyte count. Univariate and multivariate analyses were introduced to identify the association between SIRI and AIS prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve and reclassification analyses were used to evaluate the predictive value of SIRI for AIS prognosis.

Results

The patients with poor prognosis account for 27.5% of all participants. After fully adjusting for all covariates, each standard deviation increment of SIRI caused 58.9% additional risk for poor prognosis after AIS. When dividing SIRI into quartiles, the fourth quartile had a 6.152 times risk than the first quartile. Moreover, after adding SIRI into established clinical risk factors, AUC showed a significant improvement (0.829 vs. 0.790, p for comparison = .016). Consistently, category‐free net reclassification index (NRI, 0.761, 95% CI: 0.517–1.004, p < .001) and integrated discrimination index (IDI, 0.093, 95% CI: 0.0512–0.134, p < .001) confirmed the improvement by SIRI to predict poor prognosis of AIS,

Conclusion

SIRI is an independent prognostic indicator for AIS. Elevated SIRI is associated with poor functional outcome of AIS. Our findings suggest the usefulness of SIRI to refine the risk stratification of unfavorable prognosis of AIS.
A meta‐analysis and systematic review of the effect of virtual reality technology on users' learning outcomes
Authors: Yu Zhonggen , Xu Wei
Published: May 2022

With the rapid development of science and technology, virtual reality (VR) technologies have obtained great popularity in education, coupled with many studies on the effect of VR technologies on learning outcomes. However, few studies have systematically summarized their effect on educational outcomes. This study systematically and meta‐analytically examined the effect of VR technologies on educational outcomes using Stata 14.0. The researchers reviewed 43 empirical VR studies in education, ranging from 1993 to 2020, in high‐impact journals of educational technology. Researchers included the subgroups such as VR users' learning outcomes consisting of intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, attitudes, motor skills, and educational levels of participants, as well as countries or regions where the sample was recruited. It is found that VR technologies can positively influence learning outcomes in education, improve learning outcomes across the world except Europe, and facilitate learning outcomes at different educational levels except the primary school level. Future designers and teachers should attempt to stimulate their learning interest in the VR‐based approach by integrating interesting components into VR technologies. Future design of VR‐based approach can also attach enough importance to motivation and satisfaction of learners, construction of VR labs in education, and the impacts of VR on students.
Glycerin to Acrolein: Can Renewable Processes Challenge Traditional Processes?
Authors: Yang Jingfeng , Huang Long , Yi Yufeng , Wang Xincheng , Gao Le , Liu Wei
Published: May 2022

The production of acrolein by the dehydration of glycerin (GTA) was compared with formaldehyde/acetaldehyde aldolization (FAA) and propylene oxidation (PO) by using the Aspen Plus 11.1 process design software. The fixed assets cost of the FAA, PO, and GTA process were estimated as 61.95, 41.73, and 39.09 million CNY, respectively, for a 40‐kt a−1 plant, and the total manufacturing costs were estimated as 10637, 8873, and 8974 CNY t−1, respectively. The PO process is the most economical under current market and technology conditions. Nevertheless, the renewable process outshone traditional processes if the propylene price was greater than or equal to 8200 CNY t−1 at a glycerin price of 3800 CNY t−1, as long as the yield of acrolein from GTA was greater than or equal to 93 %.
Synthesis and Characteristics of Self‐Assembled Multifunctional Ln3+‐DNA Hybrid Coordination Polymers
Authors: Han Qingzhi , Zhang Xinlian , Jia Yijing , Guo Shaoshi , Zhu Jiale , Luo Shirui , Na Na , Ouyang Jin
Published: May 2022

Owing to the unique catalytic, optical and magnetic properties, lanthanides (Ln) as multicomponent biomarkers, are widely used in the field of optical sensing, mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance imaging. As ligands, DNA molecules have good biocompatibility, high stability, cost efficiency, programmability and biodegradability. Based on the coordination‐driven self‐assembly between Ln ions (Ln3+) and DNA molecules, a multifunctional Ln3+‐DNA hybrid coordination polymers (CPs) were synthesized. Not only a series of different Ln3+ (single Ln3+) and DNA hybrid CPs were synthesized, but one hybrid CP contains two kinds of Ln3+ was obtained. Besides, the synthetic CPs in cell fluorescence imaging and miRNA sensing also exhibited high performance. This work provides a novel idea for the synthesis of DNA based nanomaterials, which is promising for biologically‐related applications.
Population Pharmacokinetic Models for Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Clinical Appraisal Using Exposure Simulation
Authors: Terrier Jean , Gaspar Frédéric , Guidi Monia , Fontana Pierre , Daali Youssef , Csajka Chantal , Reny Jean‐Luc
Published: May 2022

Available data have shown an association between direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) plasma concentration and clinical, particularly bleeding, events. Factors that may influence DOAC plasma concentration are therefore the focus of particular attention. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analyses can help in identifying such factors while providing predictive models. The main aim of the present study was to identify all the PopPK models to date for the four most frequently used DOACs (dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban). The secondary aim was to use these models to simulate different DOAC plasma concentration–time profiles in relevant clinical scenarios. The results of our model‐based simulations confirm the clinical relevance of the known major factors influencing DOAC exposure and support the current approved dose adaptation, at least for atrial fibrillation. They also highlight how the accumulation of covariates, not currently considered for dose adaptation due to their seemingly minor influence on DOAC exposure, lead to supratherapeutic blood concentrations and could thus enhance the risk of major bleeding. The present results therefore question DOAC dose adaptation in the presence of these covariates, such as drug–drug interaction or genotypes, alongside the known existing covariates. As the overall effect of accumulation of several covariates could be difficult to apprehend for the clinicians, PopPK modeling could represent an interesting approach for informed precision dosing and to improve personalized prescription of DOACs.
Distinguishing cell–cell complexes from dual lineage cells using single‐cell transcriptomics is not trivial
Authors: Burel Julie G. , Chawla Ashu , Greenbaum Jason A. , Peters Bjoern
Published: May 2022

In their recent correspondence, Jie et al. strongly defend that the DE cell population they discovered are always dual lineage co‐expressing cells and not complexes of B cells and T cells, which we have previously described as frequently present in single‐cell RNA sequencing data. Here, we respond to the specific arguments made in their correspondence. Specifically, we demonstrate that the presence of a gene signature in a given cell population is not enough to ascertain that it does not contain cell–cell complexes, or that it represents a biologically distinct cell type. We also show that the gene signature of DE cells contains several genes from the myeloid lineage, suggesting either that their DE cells are a triple‐lineage co‐expressing cell, or a three‐component cell aggregate. Finally, we identify multiple transcriptomic features of DE cells that correspond to B cell‐T cell complexes, namely the presence of lower average expression of B‐ and T‐cell specific genes, and a higher number of detected genes per cell. Taken together, our results demonstrate that solely based on their scRNAseq profile, it is not possible to ascertain that DE cells are dual expressing cells and not cell–cell complexes.
Cytologic features of micropapillary variant urothelial carcinoma in urinary tract cytology: Case series and review of literature
Authors: Greenland Nancy Y. , Peng Yue , Vohra Poonam , Tabatabai Z. Laura
Published: May 2022

Background

The micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma (MPVUC) is rare and aggressive. Surgical specimens often show atypical micro‐clusters (AMCs) of cells with hyperchromatic, pyknotic, peripheral, irregular nuclei with variable nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios. We reviewed urinary tract cytology (UTC) from patients with MPVUC and hypothesized that AMCs would be present similar to those in surgical specimens.

Methods

The archives were searched from 2000 to 2020 for patients with surgical cases with either MPVUC or conventional high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) and with prior abnormal UTC. Two pathologists reviewed UTC cases and controls in a blinded manner for AMCs, with quantitation of none, low, moderate, and high. Interrater reliability was compared by quadratic weighted Cohen's Kappa test. The association between numerical average score and MPVUC status was determined by logistic regression.

Results

Five patients with invasive MPVUC, one patient with a noninvasive micropapillary component, and 15 control patients with conventional HGUC were included. All patients had prior or concurrent abnormal UTC samples. Increasing category of quantities of AMCs on cytology was associated with micropapillary status (OR 7.9, 95% CI 2.7–118, p = .045), with moderate agreement between raters (Cohen's Kappa 0.54, 95% CI 0.19–0.89, p = .004).

Conclusions

In patients with MPVUC on surgical specimen, AMCs were frequently observed on cytology. Similar atypical clusters were observed in patients with nonmicropapillary HGUC, albeit at lower frequency. However, given the WHO recommendation to diagnose micropapillary only if an invasive micropapillary component is present, a specific diagnosis of MPVUC on UTC cannot be based solely on the presence of AMCs.
Insights into plant biodiversity conservation in large river valleys in China: A spatial analysis of species and phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Yang Xudong , Qin Fei , Xue Tiantian , Xia Changying , Gadagkar Sudhindra R. , Yu Shengxiang
Published: May 2022

Large river valleys (LRVs) are heterogeneous in habitat and rich in biodiversity, but they are largely overlooked in policies that prioritize conservation. Here, we aimed to identify plant diversity hotspots along LRVs based on species richness and spatial phylogenetics, evaluate current conservation effectiveness, determine gaps in the conservation networks, and offer suggestions for prioritizing conservation. We divided the study region into 50 km × 50 km grid cells and determined the distribution patterns of seed plants by studying 124,927 occurrence points belonging to 14,481 species, using different algorithms. We generated phylogenies for the plants using the “V. PhyloMaker” R package, determined spatial phylogenetics, and conducted correlation analyses between different distribution patterns and spatial phylogenetics. We evaluated the effectiveness of current conservation practices and discovered gaps of hotspots within the conservation networks. In the process, we identified 36 grid cells as hotspots (covering 10% of the total area) that contained 83.4% of the species. Fifty‐eight percent of the hotspot area falls under the protection of national nature reserves (NNRs) and 83% falls under national and provincial nature reserves (NRs), with 42% of the area identified as conservation gaps of NNRs and 17% of the area as gaps of NRs. The hotspots contained high proportions of endemic and threatened species, as did conservation gaps. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the layout of current conservation networks, establish micro‐nature reserves, conduct targeted conservation priority planning focused on specific plant groups, and promote conservation awareness. Our results show that the conservation of three hotspots in Southwest China, in particular, is likely to positively affect the protection of biodiversity in the LRVs, especially with the participation of the neighboring countries, India, Myanmar, and Laos.
Multiple species delimitation approaches with COI barcodes poorly fit each other and morphospecies – An integrative taxonomy case of Sri Lankan Sericini chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Ranasinghe Uda Gedara Sasanka Lakmali , Eberle Jonas , Thormann Jana , Bohacz Claudia , Benjamin Suresh P. , Ahrens Dirk
Published: May 2022

DNA taxonomy including barcoding and metabarcoding is widely used to explore the diversity in biodiversity hotspots. In most of these hotspot areas, chafers are represented by a multitude of species, which are well defined by the complex shape of male genitalia. Here, we explore how well COI barcode data reflect morphological species entities and thus their usability for accelerated species inventorization. We conducted dedicated field surveys in Sri Lanka to collect the species‐rich and highly endemic Sericini chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Congruence among results of a series of protocols for de novo species delimitation and with morphology‐based species identifications was investigated. Different delimitation methods, such as the Poisson tree processes (PTP) model, Statistical Parsimony Analysis (TCS), Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), and Barcode Index Number (BIN) assignments, resulted in different numbers of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). All methods showed both over‐splitting and lumping of morphologically identified species. Only 18 of the observed 45 morphospecies perfectly matched MOTUs from all methods. The congruence of delimitation between MOTUs and morphospecies expressed by the match ratio was low, ranging from 0.57 to 0.67. TCS and multirate PTP (mPTP) showed the highest match ratio, while (BIN) assignment resulted in the lowest match ratio and most splitting events. mPTP lumped more species than any other method. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on a match ratio‐based distance matrix revealed incongruent outcomes of multiple DNA delimitation methods, although applied to the same data. Our results confirm that COI barcode data alone are unlikely to correctly delimit all species, in particular, when using only a single delimitation approach. We encourage the integration of various approaches and data, particularly morphology, to validate species boundaries.
Can at‐risk species serve as effective conservation surrogates? Case study in northeasternUSshrublands
Authors: Bauer Melissa L. , O'Brien Kathleen M. , Kovach Adrienne I.
Published: May 2022

Targeted, single‐species management and ecosystem‐based management are generally considered disparate conservation approaches. In imperiled ecosystems, these approaches may be complementary, when habitat management for targeted at‐risk species provides broad ecosystem benefits through an umbrella or surrogate species effect. In the northeastern United States, extensive management has been ongoing since 2011 to restore declining habitat for an at‐risk shrubland habitat specialist, the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), with the goal that other shrubland‐obligate wildlife will also benefit; yet, the efficacy of these efforts has not been evaluated. In this study, we assessed whether habitat management targeting New England cottontail provides conservation benefits for shrubland‐obligate birds. Specifically, we (1) identified shrubland‐obligate birds that are indicative of the microhabitat conditions and habitat types suitable for New England cottontails, and (2) determined microhabitat and patch‐level influences on shrubland bird occupancy at sites occupied by or managed for New England cottontail. Through avian point count surveys and indicator species analyses, we identified 12 shrubland‐obligate bird species on patches occupied by New England cottontail and in microhabitat conditions suitable for New England cottontail. Occupancy models for five shrubland bird species further identified species‐specific habitat associations. Generalized linear models showed that shrubland bird species richness was positively associated with herbaceous vegetation and low shrubs, indicating that shrublands managed for the purpose of cottontail colonization can also benefit a suite of shrubland birds before the habitat is dense enough to provide cover for cottontails. Our findings show that managing habitat for New England cottontail on a variety of site types can maintain a range of microhabitat conditions to support a high diversity of shrubland‐obligate birds. These findings provide evidence for broad ecosystem benefits of managing for New England cottontail and exemplify the value of at‐risk habitat specialists as conservation surrogates in imperiled ecosystems.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5‐Arylindolo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐6(5H)‐ones from 2‐(2‐Bromoaryl)indoles and Aryl Isocyanates under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Dao Pham Duy Quang , Cho Chan Sik
Published: May 2022

2‐(2‐Bromoaryl)indoles react with aryl isocyanates by microwave irradiation in the presence of catalytic CuI along with a base to afford 5‐arylindolo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐6(5H)‐ones. The reaction is compatible with 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)indoles bearing straight and branched alkyl chains at position 3 of indole moiety. Both electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents on bromophenyl and indole moieties are well tolerated. The reaction proceeds through an initial nucleophilic addition of 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)indoles to aryl isocyanates. This is followed by an intramolecular C−N bond formation by an addition‐elimination nucleophilic aromatic substitution via Meisenheimer complexes and a copper‐catalyzed Ullmann‐type coupling.
Python app for drawing Bode diagram asymptotes of transfer function for minimum and non‐minimal phase systems
Authors: Mendoza Meza Magno Enrique
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to introduce an app to draw the asymptotes of Bode diagram module and phase from each constituent elementary factors of any transfer function for minimum and non‐minimal phase systems without transport delay. The Bode diagram is the most used tool in the frequency response method. Python and several Python modules were used to program the app to perform the operations as well as the Qt5 design was used to create a simple graphical user interface for the app and all this in the Linux operating system and the app's source code can also be run in Windows operating system with no adjustments or modifications. The app purpose is to assist students in learning the frequency response concepts and drawing of Bode diagram using asymptotes of magnitude and phase. For students the non‐minimum phase system Bode diagram is more difficult to draw than a minimum phase system due to the presence of zeros and/or poles on right half side of ‐plane. This application should be used by students as a help and not simply to solve problems and for teachers the application can be used to improve their classes by showing the step by step of drawing the Bode diagram with the figures obtained by the application. The app's executable file is available on release link inhttps://github.com/Magno‐Meza‐UFABC/Magno‐Meza‐UFABC/releases/tag/v.1.0
Comparative analysis of a dual Kalina cycle configuration for heat recovery from boiler stack in a steam power plant
Authors: Shahrokhi Mahmoud Reza , Ozgoli Hassan Ali , Farhani Foad
Published: May 2022

This study proposes a dual configuration of the Kalina cycle for heat recovery from a boiler stack in a steam power plant, consisting of two basic Kalina cycles; a top and a bottom one. Thermoeconomic modeling was done using mass and energy balance and economic parameters such as internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). The proposed configuration was evaluated by comparing it with the basic Kalina cycle (KSC1) and other modified Kalina cycles configurations KSC11, KSC34, and KSC34G. The flue gas from the stack of the steam boiler (Tarasht Steam Power Plant‐Tehran‐Iran), a stable low‐temperature heat source, was used in the analysis. The temperature range of the heat source, between 172°C and 190°C, was obtained from operational data of the steam power plant, collected for 5 years, using temperature sensors in the exhaust of the stack. The results show that the proposed configuration's output power varies from 591.74 to 755.74 kW and 6.2%–11.2% more than the KSC34 configuration. Accordingly, the thermal efficiency is about 4.56%–6.25% higher than the other studied configurations, and the natural gas saved is 0.7765 to 1.02 Mm3.year−1. Also, the results indicate that the reduction in CO2 emission for the proposed configuration is about 2786–3661 tons.year−1, which is more than the other configurations.
Performance analysis of a pumped hydro assisted near‐isothermal compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system with gas/liquid phase change process
Authors: Zhao Pan , Zhang Shiqiang , Xu Wenpan , Liu Aijie , Wu Wenze , Wang Jiangfeng
Published: May 2022

The energy storage device is indispensable in future power system due to the high share of renewable energies. Compressed gas energy storage (CGES) technology, including the compressed air energy storage (CAES), has been widely recognized as one of the most promising solutions in energy storage domain. Among multiple CAES forms, the isothermal CAES is a potential type in which the ideal round trip efficiency (RTE) can be 100%. On the other hand, carbon dioxide (CO2) as an excellent working medium in CGES system owing to its favorable properties. However, the existing isothermal type CGES systems just employ the air as working medium, the potential of CO2 in such system is not evaluated yet. Therefore, an 800 kW pumped hydro assisted near‐isothermal compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system with gas/liquid phase change process is proposed. In detail, the hydraulic machineries, the flexible rubber diaphragm and the helical coils are employed to realize the near‐isothermal process and high RTE. The transient models are built and system performance is thus investigated. The results show that the system possesses 68.36% in RTE and 1.0914 kWh/m3 in energy density (ED) under the design condition. Meanwhile, the water temperature in helical coil, the initial and maximum pressures of vessel and the vessel volume are sensitive for system behavior.
Forecasting high‐yield equity and CDS index returns: Does observed cross‐market informational flow have predictive power?
Authors: Procasky William J. , Yin Anwen
Published: May 2022

We examine the predictive power of cross‐market informational flow in the systematic high‐yield credit default swap (CDS) and equity markets from 2004 to 2019. Overall, we find both markets useful in forecasting future values of the other, indicating each is more efficient in pricing certain types of information. However, the CDS market has an informational advantage over the high‐yield and broader equity market, something not previously documented in the closely related literature, although the advantage and forecasting ability of these markets have decreased with time due to lower volatility. These results have implications for high‐yield investors and stakeholders who monitor Markit's CDX North American High‐Yield Index for informational content.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sinn Dong Hyun , Kang Danbee , Kang Mira , Guallar Eliseo , Hong Yun Soo , Lee Kyung Hyun , Park Jiyeon , Cho Juhee , Gwak Geum‐Youn
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims

Whether subjects with NAFLD are at increased risk of sarcopenia is not well established.

Approach and Results

This is a cohort study of 52,815 men and women of 20 years of age or older who underwent at least two health check‐up exams with bioelectrical impedance analysis and abdominal ultrasound imaging. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to calculate appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). NAFLD was assessed by ultrasonography, and its severity was assessed by the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). We estimated the 5‐year change in ASM comparing participants with and without NAFLD at baseline using mixed linear models. The 5‐year change in ASM in participants without and with NAFLD was −225.2 g (95% CI −232.3, −218.0) and −281.3 g (95% CI −292.0, −270.6), respectively (p < 0.001). In multivariable adjusted analysis, the difference in 5‐year change in ASM comparing participants with and without NAFLD was −39.9 g (95% CI −53.1, −26.8). When participants with NAFLD were further divided by NAFLD severity, ASM loss was much faster in participants with NAFLD with intermediate to high NFS than in those with low NFS.

Conclusions

Participants with NAFLD were at increased risk of sarcopenia, indicated by faster loss of skeletal muscle mass. Patients with NAFLD may need screening and early intervention to mitigate skeletal muscle mass loss.
Hepatitis E in a Portuguese cohort of human immunodeficiency virus positive patients: High seroprevalence but no chronic infections
Authors: Filipe Rita , Prista‐Leão Beatriz , Silva‐Pinto André , Abreu Isabel , Serrão Rosário , Costa Rosário , Guedes Edite , Sobrinho‐Simões Joana , Sarmento António , Koch Carmo , Santos Lurdes
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes zoonotic hepatitis in Europe, with a higher risk of complications in immunocompromised hosts. HEV natural history in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients is not fully understood, and its prevalence is unknown.

Objectives

To study the seroprevalence of HEV and prevalence of chronic HEV in HIV‐positive patients from Porto, Portugal.

Methods

We randomly selected patients from the cohort of HIV‐positive patients followed in our hospital. We performed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to search for immunoglobulin G for HEV. When the absorbance/cut‐off was inferior to 3.5, the test was repeated, and a confirmatory test executed in that sample. For reactive tests and for immunosuppressed patients (CD4 count < 200/mm3) with nonreactive test, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was also performed.

Results

We included 299 patients. The mean age was 48 and 75.3% were men. Regarding HIV infection, the median follow‐up time was 10 years, the acquisition was mainly heterosexual contact, and 94% were on antiretroviral therapy. Seventy‐six patients (25.4%) had reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) hepatitis E serology. Patients with a reactive test were older (statistically significant difference). Otherwise, there was no difference between groups concerning birthplace, rural residence, chronic viral hepatitis coinfection, or cirrhosis. Nadir and actual TCD4+ lymphocyte counts did not differ significantly from patients with HEV reactive and nonreactive serology. Gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase (GGT) was higher in patients with reactive IgG HEV. All serum HEV PCR tests were negative.

Conclusions

Seroprevalence of HEV was 25.4% in HIV‐positive patients. Older age and higher GGT correlated to HEV reactive IgG test. No cases of current hepatitis E were found.
On the performance of IRS‐assistedOFDMsystem with non‐ideal oscillator and amplifier
Authors: Joshi Khagendra , Shaikh Mohd Hamza Naim , Naqvi Sana Ali , Ashok Vivek
Published: May 2022

Intelligent reflective surface (IRS), a software‐controlled metasurface, is now a proven and promising candidate technology to achieve superior and reliable data transmission for the next‐generation mobile communication systems. This letter investigates the performance of an IRS‐assisted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless system in the presence of a non‐ideal oscillator and amplifier. The analytical framework comprises of deriving the closed‐form expressions for the outage probability, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and diversity order. The result shows that the phase noise and distortion significantly limit the performance gain of an IRS‐assisted OFDM wireless communication system.
New infinite classes of 2‐chromatic Steiner quadruple systems
Authors: Ji Lijun , Liu Shuangqing , Yang Ye
Published: May 2022

In 1971, Doyen and Vandensavel gave a special doubling construction that gives a direct construction of 2‐chromatic Steiner quadruple system of order (SQS) for all or . The first author presented a construction for 2‐chromatic SQSs based on 2‐chromatic candelabra quadruple systems and ‐fan designs. In this paper, it is proved that a 2‐chromatic SQS also exists if , or if .
Hybrid model of compounded and multichamber bag parenteral nutrition for adults with chronic intestinal failure
Authors: Harrison Simon , Kopczynska Maja , Leahy Gavin , Taylor Michael , Farrer Kirstine , Barrett Maria , Mallawaarachchi Pearl , Abraham Arun , Teubner Antje , Lal Simon
Published: May 2022

Background

Although international guidelines support the use of commercially available multichamber bags (MCBs), the majority of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in the United Kingdom has been compounded PN, tailored to the patient. However, national capacity limitations in aseptic facilities have necessitated the increased use of MCBs. There are no studies evaluating the appropriateness or benefits of using a “hybrid” regimen incorporating both MCBs and compounded PN in patients already established on compounded HPN.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional audit evaluation conducted on September 1, 2021, at a national United Kingdom reference center. All HPN‐dependent adults prescribed HPN for chronic intestinal failure were assessed by a multidisciplinary team for their potential of being switched to a “hybrid” regimen of MCBs and compounded PN.

Results

Of 180 patients currently receiving compounded HPN that included intravenous nitrogen with glucose ± lipid, 65 (36.1%) were deemed clinically suitable for a hybrid PN regimen, with minimal variance in PN constituents per week (volume 0%, non‐nitrogen kilocalories 0%, nitrogen 0%, fat −0.2%, glucose 0%, sodium 0%, potassium 0%, calcium 0%, magnesium 0%, and phosphate −0.1%) and requiring no additional central venous catheter manipulations. The potential reduction in compounded PN would reduce by 3627 bags per year, equating to a cost saving of £141,453 per year (equivalent to $178,885).

Conclusion

Wider use of hybrid MCB/compounded HPN regimens could lead to a reduction in the need for compounded PN to be produced by aseptic facilities. Further evaluation of acceptability and tolerance of hybrid regimens by patients already receiving compounded HPN is required.
Screening of hypoglycemic components in Platycladi Cacumen by phytochemical investigation, spectrum‐effect relationship, and chemometric methods
Authors: Duan Peng‐Bo , Xiao Ping‐Ting , Yang Xing , Hao Jin‐Hua , Li Kai , Liu E‐Hu
Published: May 2022

In this work, the hypoglycemic components in Platycladi Cacumen, an essential traditional Chinese medicine, were evaluated by combining phytochemical investigation, spectrum‐effect relationship analysis, and chemometric methods. The phytochemical studies on Platycladi Cacumen extract lead to the isolation of 21 potential bioactive compounds. The chromatographic fingerprints of Platycladi Cacumen samples were established by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The hypoglycemic effects of Platycladi Cacumen samples were further evaluated by inhibition of α‐glucosidase and detected by the high‐performance liquid chromatography method. The spectrum‐effect relationship study by bivariate correlations analysis and orthogonal partial least squares regression revealed that myricitrin (P9), quercitrin (P13), afzelin (P18), and amentoflavone (P24) were more relevant to the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results of α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of 21 isolated compounds and molecular docking studies also indicated these flavonoids had potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. Collectively, the present study established the spectrum‐effect relationship mode of Platycladi Cacumen and discovered the major hypoglycemic components, which provides a feasible method for screening bioactive components.
Plant functional groups shift their nitrogen uptake during restoration of degraded alpine grasslands
Authors: Liu Min , Zhu Tongbin , Tian Yuqiang , Xu Xingliang , Wang Yanfen
Published: May 2022

Alpine grasslands are undergoing severe degradation and are mainly restored through fencing. Numerous studies have explored the patterns, processes, and mechanisms of plant and soil during degradation, but few have been conducted on nitrogen (N) uptake by plant functional groups during restoration. An alpine meadow and an alpine steppe on the Tibetan Plateau were chosen to carry outin situ15N labelling experiments in the forms of NH4+, NO3−, and glycine during restoration. Short‐, moderate‐, and long‐term restoration periods were explored, and plants were classified by functional groups into grasses, sedges, and forbs. Our results found biomass of grasses increased and that of sedges decreased with restoration in alpine meadow. In alpine steppe, forbs gradually became dominant in the community biomass by 58% during restoration. Long‐term restoration increased NH4+uptake by grasses in alpine meadow. The total N uptake rates by grasses increased, but by forbs decreased during restoration in alpine meadow. Restoration decreased the total N uptake rates of grasses and forbs in alpine steppe. Chemical niche in N uptake was discovered during long‐term restoration in alpine meadow and during moderate‐term restoration in alpine steppe. We conclude that restoration alters the biomass composition of grasses, sedges, and forbs in alpine grasslands and shifts N uptake partitions. Chemical niche in N uptake by different functional groups in grasslands during restoration can decrease the fierce competition for N. Our results provide a synthesis for plant N utilization from soil during restoration of degraded grasslands from the perspective of shifting N uptake strategies.
The anatomy of the foramina and efferent nerve fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion in posterolateral nasal wall
Authors: Ogi Kazuhiro , Valentine Rowan , Suzuki Masanobu , Fujieda Shigeharu , Psaltis Alkis James , Wormald Peter‐John
Published: May 2022

Background

The advance of endoscopic surgery has enabled selective section of the postganglionic nerve branches from pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) as a modification of the vidian neurectomy. Recent microanatomic studies have suggested that the nasal mucosa is also innervated by multiple efferent rami associated with the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) in the procedure “posterior nasal neurectomy.” This anatomic cadaveric study aims to identify all postganglionic nerve fibers in the lateral nasal wall which should inform future surgical procedures aimed at interrupting these nerve fibers.

Methods

Two cadaver heads, with a total of three individual sides, were dissected. All neurovascular structures penetrating the vertical plate of palatine bone were carefully identified following meticulous removal of the overlying mucosa layers. The efferent nerve fibers were identified and dissected back to their origin—the PPG or greater palatine nerve.

Results

Several foramina with efferent PPG nerves were identified on the vertical plate of the palatine bone and medial pterygoid plate. The superior, middle, and inferior turbinates (IT) were innervated by efferent nerves from the PPG via the anterior region of the SPA. The IT was innervated from nerves originating from behind the SPA through bony foramina. The lateral wall of inferior meatus was innervated by efferent nerves that originated from greater palatine nerve and pharyngeal nerve.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the anatomical positions of the postganglionic nerves that innervate the lateral nasal wall. These nerves are located anterior to the SPA as well as posterior to the SPA, where they penetrate the palatine bone.

Level of evidence: NA.