bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectivity of gastropod-shed third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis to dogs
Authors: Robbins William , Conboy Gary , Greenwood Spencer , Schaper Roland
Published: June 2021

Background

Metastrongyloid parasitesAngiostrongylus vasorumandCrenosoma vulpisinfect wild and domestic canids and are important pathogens in dogs. Recent studies indicate that gastropod intermediate hosts infected with various metastrongyloids spontaneously shed infective third-stage larvae (L3) into the environment via feces and mucus under laboratory conditions. Shed L3 retain motility up to 120 days, but whether they retain infectivity was unknown.

Methods

To assess the infectivity of shed L3, the heart/lungs of six red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were obtained from trappers in Newfoundland, Canada. Lungs were examined for first-stage larvae (L1) by the Baermann technique. A high number of viableA. vasorumL1 and a low number ofC. vulpisL1 were recovered from one fox; these were used to infect naïve laboratory-raisedLimax maximus. L3 recovered from slugs by artificial digestion were fed to two naïve purpose-bred research beagles (100 L3/dog). L1 shed by these two dogs was used to infect 546L. maximus(2000–10,000 L1/slug). L3 shedding was induced by anesthetizing slugs in soda water and transferring them into warm (45 °C) tap water for at least 8 h. Shed L3 recovered from slugs were aliquoted on romaine lettuce in six-well tissue culture plates (80–500 L3/well) and stored at 16 °C/75% relative humidity. Four naïve research beagles were then exposed to 100 L3/dog from larvae stored for 0, 2, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively, after shedding.

Results

All four dogs began sheddingC. vulpisL1 by 26–36 days post-infection (PI). All four dogs began sheddingA. vasorumL1 by 50 days PI.

Conclusions

L3 infectivity for the definitive host was retained in both metastrongyloids, indicating the potential for natural infection in dogs through exposure from environmental contamination. As an additional exposure route, eating or licking plant or other material(s) contaminated with metastrongyloid L3 could dramatically increase the number of dogs at risk of infection from these parasites.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluation on two types of paramyosin vaccines for the control of Haemaphysalis longicornis infestations in rabbits
Authors: Wu Pin-Xing , Cui Xue-Jiao , Cao Mi-Xue , Lv Li-Hong , Dong Hong-Meng , Xiao Shu-Wen , Liu Jing-Ze , Hu Yong-Hong
Published: June 2021

Background

Haemaphysalislongicornis is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite that transmits a variety of pathogens causing life-threatening diseases in humans and animals. Paramyosin (Pmy) is not only an invertebrate-specific myofibrillar protein but also an important immunomodulatory protein. Therefore, it is one of the ideal candidate antigens for vaccines.

Methods

We conducted two vaccine trials to evaluate the protective efficacy of Pmy recombinant protein (rPmy) and peptide vaccine (KLH-LEE). Each rabbit was immunized with three doses of rPmy or KLH-LEE adjuvanted with Freund’s complete/incomplete at 500 μg/dose at 2-week intervals before challenge with 40 female H.longicornis/rabbit. PBS plus adjuvant, Trx or KLH was used as control group. The antibodies of rabbits were detected by ELISA. Then, female ticks were fed on the rabbits until detachment.

Results

ELISA results showed that both vaccines induced rabbits to produce antibodies. Compared with the Trx group, the engorgement weight, oviposition and hatchability of the rPmy group decreased by 8.87%, 26.83% and 38.86%, respectively. On the other hand, engorgement weight, oviposition and hatchability of female ticks in the KLH-LEE group correspondingly resulted in 27.03%, 53.15% and 38.40% reduction compared with that of the KLH group. Considering the cumulative effect of vaccination on the evaluated parameters, results showed 60.37% efficacy of the rPmy vaccine formulation and 70.86% efficacy in the KLH-LEE group.

Conclusions

Pmy and particularly epitope LEE have potential for further development of an effective candidate vaccine to protect the host against tick infection.

Graphical Abstarct
Does one heavy load back squat set lead to postactivation performance enhancement of three-point explosion and sprint in third division American football players?
Authors: Bielitzki Robert , Hamacher Daniel , Zech Astrid
Published: June 2021

Background

American football players need the ability to provide maximal muscular power in a modicum of time. Postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE), which is characterized by an acute improvement of a performance measure following conditioning contractions, could be of value for American football players. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a heavy load back squat PAPE protocol on three-point explosion (TPE; an essential blocking technique and drill) and 40-yard dash (40YD) performance compared to a traditional warm-up in American football players.

Methods

In a crossover study design, eighteen male competitive regional league American football players (mean ± SD: body mass 93.9 ± 15.5 kg, height 181.4 ± 6.8 cm, age 24.8 ± 3.9 years) performed a TPE on a double blocking sled (weight: 150 kg) and a 40YD (36.6 m with a 5 and 10 m split) 8 min after two different warm-up conditions. One condition was a traditional, football specific warm-up (TWU) consisting of game related movements (e.g. backward lunges, lateral power steps), whereas the other condition (PAPE) consisted of three explosive back squats with a load of 91 % one-repetition maximum.

Results

There was no significant difference in TPE between TWU and PAPE. For the 40YD, we found significantly shorter sprint times in the PAPE condition with medium effect sizes for the 5 m (p = 0.007; r = 0.45) and 10 m (p = 0.020; r = 0.39) but not for the whole 36.6 m distance (p = 0.084; r = 0.29) compared to the TWU condition.

Conclusions

The used heavy load back squat PAPE protocol improved sprint performance over short distances (≤ 10 m) but not complex movements like the three-point explosion.
Automated and robust organ segmentation for 3D-based internal dose calculation
Authors: Nazari Mahmood , Jiménez-Franco Luis David , Schroeder Michael , Kluge Andreas , Bronzel Marcus , Kimiaei Sharok
Published: June 2021

Purpose

In this work, we address image segmentation in the scope of dosimetry using deep learning and make three main contributions: (a) to extend and optimize the architecture of an existing convolutional neural network (CNN) in order to obtain a fast, robust and accurate computed tomography (CT)-based organ segmentation method for kidneys and livers; (b) to train the CNN with an inhomogeneous set of CT scans and validate the CNN for daily dosimetry; and (c) to evaluate dosimetry results obtained using automated organ segmentation in comparison with manual segmentation done by two independent experts.

Methods

We adapted a performant deep learning approach using CT-images to delineate organ boundaries with sufficiently high accuracy and adequate processing time. The segmented organs were consequently used as binary masks for further convolution with a point spread function to retrieve the activity values from quantitatively reconstructed SPECT images for “volumetric”/3D dosimetry. The resulting activities were used to perform dosimetry calculations with the kidneys as source organs.

Results

The computational expense of the algorithm was sufficient for clinical daily routine, required minimum pre-processing and performed with acceptable accuracy a Dice coefficient of$$93\%$$93%for liver segmentation and of$$94\%$$94%for kidney segmentation, respectively. In addition, kidney self-absorbed doses calculated using automated segmentation differed by$$7\%$$7%from dosimetry performed by two medical physicists in 8 patients.

Conclusion

The proposed approach may accelerate volumetric dosimetry of kidneys in molecular radiotherapy with 177Lu-labelled radiopharmaceuticals such as 177Lu-DOTATOC. However, even though a fully automated segmentation methodology based on CT images accelerates organ segmentation and performs with high accuracy, it does not remove the need for supervision and corrections by experts, mostly due to misalignments in the co-registration between SPECT and CT images.

Trial registrationEudraCT, 2016-001897-13. Registered 26.04.2016,www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2016-001897-13.
Spermidine induces cytoprotective autophagy of female germline stem cells in vitro and ameliorates aging caused by oxidative stress through upregulated sequestosome-1/p62 expression
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyan , Tian Geng. G. , Pei Xiuying , Hu Xiaopeng , Wu Ji
Published: June 2021

Background

Autophagy is required for oogenesis and plays a critical role in response to aging caused by oxidative stress. However, there have been no reports on regulation of cytoprotective autophagy in female germline stem cells (FGSCs) in response to aging caused by oxidative stress.

Results

We found that Spermidine (SPD) significantly increased protein expression of autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta-II (MAP1LC3B-II/LC3B-II) and sequestosome-1/p62 (SQSTM1/p62), and evoked autophagic flux in FGSCs. Moreover, SPD increased the number and viability of FGSCs in vitro. Further, we found that SPD significantly reduced basal or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced up-regulated protein expression of the aging markers, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16/CDKN2A) and tumor protein 53 (p53). After knockdown of p62 in FGSCs, p16 protein levels were significant higher compared with controls. However, protein p16 levels were not significantly changed in p62 knockdown FGSCs with SPD treatment compared with without SPD. Moreover, SPD significantly changed the expression of autophagy-related genes and pathways in FGSCs, as shown by bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing data. Additionally, SPD significantly inhibited AKT/mTOR phosphorylation.

Conclusions

SPD induces cytoprotective autophagy in FGSCs in vitro and ameliorates cellular senescence of FGSCs induced by H2O2. Furthermore, SPD can ameliorate cellular senescence of FGSCs through p62. SPD might induce autophagy in FGSCs via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Our findings could be helpful for delaying aging of female germ cells due to oxidative stress and preserving female fertility.
An experimental study of fog and cloud computing in CEP-based Real-Time IoT applications
Authors: Mondragón-Ruiz Giovanny , Tenorio-Trigoso Alonso , Castillo-Cara Manuel , Caminero Blanca , Carrión Carmen
Published: June 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) has posed new requirements to the underlying processing architecture, specially for real-time applications, such as event-detection services. Complex Event Processing (CEP) engines provide a powerful tool to implement these services. Fog computing has raised as a solution to support IoT real-time applications, in contrast to the Cloud-based approach. This work is aimed at analysing a CEP-based Fog architecture for real-time IoT applications that uses a publish-subscribe protocol. A testbed has been developed with low-cost and local resources to verify the suitability of CEP-engines to low-cost computing resources. To assess performance we have analysed the effectiveness and cost of the proposal in terms of latency and resource usage, respectively. Results show that the fog computing architecture reduces event-detection latencies up to 35%, while the available computing resources are being used more efficiently, when compared to a Cloud deployment. Performance evaluation also identifies the communication between the CEP-engine and the final users as the most time consuming component of latency. Moreover, the latency analysis concludes that the time required by CEP-engine is related to the compute resources, but is nonlinear dependent of the number of things connected.
Predicting anticancer hyperfoods with graph convolutional networks
Authors: Gonzalez Guadalupe , Gong Shunwang , Laponogov Ivan , Bronstein Michael , Veselkov Kirill
Published: June 2021

Background

Recent efforts in the field of nutritional science have allowed the discovery of disease-beating molecules within foods based on the commonality of bioactive food molecules to FDA-approved drugs. The pioneering work in this field used an unsupervised network propagation algorithm to learn the systemic-wide effect on the human interactome of 1962 FDA-approved drugs and a supervised algorithm to predict anticancer therapeutics using the learned representations. Then, a set of bioactive molecules within foods was fed into the model, which predicted molecules with cancer-beating potential.The employed methodology consisted of disjoint unsupervised feature generation and classification tasks, which can result in sub-optimal learned drug representations with respect to the classification task. Additionally, due to the disjoint nature of the tasks, the employed approach proved cumbersome to optimize, requiring testing of thousands of hyperparameter combinations and significant computational resources.To overcome the technical limitations highlighted above, we represent each drug as a graph (human interactome) with its targets as binary node features on the graph and formulate the problem as a graph classification task. To solve this task, inspired by the success of graph neural networks in graph classification problems, we use an end-to-end graph neural network model operating directly on the graphs, which learns drug representations to optimize model performance in the prediction of anticancer therapeutics.

Results

The proposed model outperforms the baseline approach in the anticancer therapeutic prediction task, achieving an F1 score of 67.99%±2.52% and an AUPR of 73.91%±3.49%. It is also shown that the model is able to capture knowledge of biological pathways to predict anticancer molecules based on the molecules’ effects on cancer-related pathways.

Conclusions

We introduce an end-to-end graph convolutional model to predict cancer-beating molecules within food. The introduced model outperforms the existing baseline approach, and shows interpretability, paving the way to the future of a personalized nutritional science approach allowing the development of nutrition strategies for cancer prevention and/or therapeutics.
Narrative coherence of autobiographical memories in women with borderline personality disorder and associations with childhood adversity
Authors: Bendstrup Glenn , Simonsen Erik , Kongerslev Mickey T. , Jørgensen Mie S. , Petersen Lea S. , Thomsen Marianne S. , Vestergaard Martin
Published: June 2021

Background

People suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) seem to have incoherent autobiographical narratives. Tentative evidence suggests that reduced narrative coherence of autobiographical memories is associated with insecure attachment. However, it remains unknown whether incoherent autobiographical narratives in people with BPD are coupled to experiences of childhood trauma, which is highly prevalent in BPD.

Method

We examined if written autobiographical memories in 26 female participants with BPD had reduced narrative coherence relative to 28 healthy female controls and whether more incoherent narratives were associated with childhood trauma.

Results

As hypothesized, results showed that compared to controls, the autobiographical memories in participants with BPD had reduced narrative coherence, specifically inadequate orientation about the narrative and lack of narrative structure. More self-reported childhood adversity was coupled to lower orientation across groups whereas increased childhood adversity showed a specific relationship to lowered narrative structure in BPD participants.

Conclusion

Women with BPD had incoherent autobiographical narratives, and reduced narrative coherence was associated with more self-reported childhood adversity, which appeared to explain the group differences.
Development and feasibility of a modified Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment for telerehabilitation: a pilot study
Authors: Peters Sue , Botero Marcela , Evers Allison , Fong Brianna , Jakab Botond , Petter Emily , Eng Janice J.
Published: June 2021

Background

The majority of stroke survivors experience motor impairment which benefits from rehabilitation treatment. Telerehabilitation, remote delivery of rehabilitation services, is a possible solution providing access to rehabilitation for stroke survivors living in rural areas or in situations like the COVID-19 pandemic where face-to-face treatment may be risky. However, valid and reliable motor impairment measures have not yet been established over a telerehabilitation platform. The Fugl-Meyer (FM) lower extremity assessment is widely used clinically and in research. Thus, the aim was to develop a modified FM for telerehabilitation (FM-tele) and assess the feasibility and preliminary agreement of FM-tele scores with the FM.

Methods

Three phases were employed: phase 1 development, phase 2 feasibility, and phase 3 preliminary agreement. Literature review and consultation with clinicians were employed to develop the FM-tele. Community-dwelling individuals with stroke and FM evaluators were consulted to provide feedback via questionnaires on the feasibility of the FM-tele. To assess the preliminary agreement of the FM-tele, individuals with stroke participated in two sessions, one in-person and one via telerehabilitation. The standard version of the FM was administered during the in-person session. The FM-tele was administered in both sessions.

Results

From phase 1, clinician consultation identified the following key principles: safety of the client, clear lower extremity visualization, and minimization of position changes which guided FM-tele development (n = 7). Feasibility was established in phase 2 where participants with stroke indicated that they felt safe and experienced ease following the standardized instructions, despite some technological concerns (n = 5). FM evaluators agreed that participants were safe and indicated effective standardized instructions. Phase 3 (n = 5) indicated preliminary agreement of the FM-tele compared with the FM.

Conclusions

Participants with stroke and clinical consultation indicated the FM-tele developed for telerehabilitation is feasible. A lower extremity motor assessment tool for telerehabilitation is urgently needed for stroke survivors living in rural areas or when face-to-face visits are impossible. This pilot study provides preliminary support for a future study.
Measuring the contribution of specialist vocabulary knowledge to academic achievement: disentangling effects of multiple types of word knowledge
Authors: Masrai Ahmed , Milton James , El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam , Elmenshawy Heba
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the idea that knowledge of specialist subject vocabulary can make a significant and measurable impact on academic performance, separate from and additional to the impact of general and academic vocabulary knowledge. It tests the suggestion of Hyland and Tse (TESOL Quarterly, 41:235–253, 2007) that specialist vocabulary should be given more attention in teaching. Three types of vocabulary knowledge, general, academic and a specialist business vocabulary factors, are tested against GPA and a business module scores among students of business at a college in Egypt. The results show that while general vocabulary size has the greatest explanation of variance in the academic success factors, the other two factors - academic and a specialist business vocabulary - make separate and additional further contributions. The contribution to the explanation of variance made by specialist vocabulary knowledge is double that of academic vocabulary knowledge.
Endovascular treatment of traumatic azygous vein injuries: a case report
Authors: DeMaio Kristine , Kaushik Shivam , Vadlamudi Venu
Published: June 2021

Background

Management of thoracic vascular injury predominantly focuses on the aorta and its tributaries while reports of venous injury are less frequent. Although rare, traumatic azygous vein injuries are associated with high mortality. Prompt treatment is required and has traditionally been open surgery. We present a case of an endovascular repair of an azygous vein injury.

Case presentation

A female patient presented to our trauma center following ejection after a motor vehicle collision (MVC). CT imaging workup revealed mediastinal and periaortic hematoma with active contrast extravasation adjacent to the azygos vein. She was referred to interventional radiology for vascular evaluation and potential endovascular intervention. The patient met criteria for class III hypovolemic shock upon arrival in the endovascular suite. Aortography demonstrated no arterial injury. Venography revealed a pseudoaneurysm on the superior aspect of the azygos arch and contrast extravasation from the inferior margin of the azygous arch. A stent-graft was deployed and post-deployment venogram showed no extravasation and successful exclusion of the injuries. The patient did not have further signs of bleeding. She left the interventional suite with improved vital signs, yet her condition remained guarded. Follow-up CT chest confirmed continued patency of the stent-graft at 8 days and 2 years post-procedure.

Conclusion

Historically, azygos vein injuries are a rare occurrence and managed with open surgery. Swift management is necessary to prevent the increased morbidity and mortality associated with azygous vein injury, particularly in polytrauma patients such as the one presented here. We believe endovascular stent-graft treatment offers an innovative alternative to the current standard of operative management of azygos vein injury.
scNetViz: from single cells to networks using Cytoscape
Authors: Choudhary Krishna , Meng Elaine C. , Diaz-Mejia J. Javier , Bader Gary D. , Pico Alexander R. , Morris John H.
Published: June 2021

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized molecular biology and medicine by enabling high-throughput studies of cellular heterogeneity in diverse tissues. Applying network biology approaches to scRNA-seq data can provide useful insights into genes driving heterogeneous cell-type compositions of tissues. Here, we present scNetViz — a Cytoscape app to aid biological interpretation of cell clusters in scRNA-seq data using network analysis. scNetViz calculates the differential expression of each gene across clusters and then creates a cluster-specific gene functional interaction network between the significantly differentially expressed genes for further analysis, such as pathway enrichment analysis. To automate a complete data analysis workflow, scNetViz integrates parts of the Scanpy software, which is a popular Python package for scRNA-seq data analysis, with Cytoscape apps such as stringApp, cyPlot, and enhancedGraphics. We describe our implementation of methods for accessing data from public single cell atlas projects, differential expression analysis, visualization, and automation. scNetViz enables users to analyze data from public atlases or their own experiments, which we illustrate with two use cases. Analysis can be performed via the Cytoscape GUI or CyREST programming interface using R (RCy3) or Python (py4cytoscape).
Formulation and characterisation of alginate hydrocolloid film dressing loaded with gallic acid for potential chronic wound healing
Authors: Gan Jhing-Ee , Chin Chai-Yee
Published: June 2021

Background: A dramatic growth in the prevalence of chronic wounds due to diabetes has represented serious global health care and economic issues. Hence, there is an imperative need to develop an effective and affordable wound dressing for chronic wounds. Recent research has featured the potential of bioactive compound gallic acid (GA) in the context of wound recovery due to their safety and comparatively low cost. However, there is a scarcity of research that focuses on formulating GA into a stable and functional hydrocolloid film dressing. Thus, this present study aimed to formulate and characterise GA-loaded alginate-based hydrocolloid film dressing which is potentially used as low to medium suppurating chronic wound treatment.

Methods: The hydrocolloid composite films were pre-formulated by blending sodium alginate (SA) with different combinations of polymers. The hydrocolloid films were developed using solvent-casting method and the most satisfactory film formulation was further incorporated with various GA concentrations (0.1%, 0.5% and 1%). The drug-loaded films were then characterised for their physicochemical properties to assess their potential use as drug delivery systems for chronic wound treatment.

Results: In the pre-formulation studies, sodium alginate-pectin (SA-PC) based hydrocolloid film was found to be the most satisfactory, for being homogenous and retaining smoothness on surface along with satisfactory film flexibility. The SA-PC film was chosen for further loading with GA in 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. The characterisation studies revealed that all GA-loaded films possess superior wound dressing properties of acidic pH range (3.97-4.04), moderate viscosity (1600 mPa-s-3198 mPa-s), optimal  moisture vapor transmission rate (1195 g/m2/day, 1237g/m2/day and 1112 g/m2/day), slower moisture absorption and film expansion rate and no chemical interaction between the GA and polymers under FTIR analysis.

Conclusion: An SA-PC hydrocolloid film incorporated with gallic acid as a potentially applicable wound dressing for low to medium suppurating chronic wounds was successfully developed.
Coinfection of Sphingomonas paucimobilis meningitis and Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient: a case report
Authors: Bae Sang Woon , Lee Jong Ho
Published: June 2021

This report describes a case of coinfection of Sphingomonas paucimobilis meningitis and Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in a 66-year-old immunocompetent female patient. The patient had undergone traditional procedures, including acupuncture, which possibly caused the coinfection. During treatment with susceptible antibiotics for bacterial meningitis, she developed hydrocephalus on the third day. Consequently, the patient recovered with a mild neurological deficit of grade 4 motor assessment in both upper and lower extremities at discharge. S. paucimobilis and L. monocytogenes are rare pathogens in developed countries, occurring only during environmental outbreaks. S. paucimobilis meningitis is rarely reported. Hence, the various presentations of S. paucimobilis meningitis and the antibiotic regimen for its treatment are hereby reported, in addition to a review of other similar reported cases. This case is a possible traditional procedure-related infection. Appropriate oversight and training should be emphasized regarding preventive measures of this kind of infection. A team approach with neurologists and neurosurgeons is imperative in treating patients with hydrocephalus-complicated meningitis.
Association of Polish Legionnaires in Interwar Krakow
Authors: Mierzwa Janusz
Published: June 2021

The article presents the history of the Kraków branch of the most important veteran organization of the Second Republic, whose members through their involvement in regaining independence exerted a great infl uence on the political history and shape of Poland, reborn after years of being partitioned. The organization initially focused on self-help activities, began to play an important political role after the May coup in 1926.
2nd Lieutenant Jan Siewiera “Wicher”: A Soldier of the National Armed Forces and the Underground Polish Army
Authors: Pięciak Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

The article describes the history of second lieutenant Jan Siewiera “Wicher” (1922-1947), especially his underground activities. During World War II he served in the National Armed Forces where he graduated from an officer-cadet school and where he was a soldier of colonel “Czech’s” division (NN). In April 1945 he was arrested and sentenced to one year of imprisonment for his activities in the NSZ. After he left prison, he entered a division of the Underground Polish Army in the autumn of 1946, commanded by second lieutenant Alfons Olejnik “Babinicz”, in which he became deputy commander. After receiving severe wounds he died during interrogation by the officers of the UB (Department of Security). He was probably interred in Wieluń.
A credit to your home
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: June 2021

A business' ability to attain credit is central to its success and longevity. Just as with an individual, a business with a good rating will benefit from greater access to credit and on better terms—all to the benefit of the bottom line. Adam Bernstein offers guidance.
PACTO SOCIAL E GARANTIA DE AUTOPRESERVAÇÃO EM THOMAS HOBBES
Authors: Da Silva Adelmo José
Published: June 2021

Pretendemos refletir sobre os conceitos de pacto social e autopreservação em Hobbes, partindo da ideia de que a alegria é proporcionada pela posse do que causa prazer. Os homens empreendem uma corrida desenfreada e altamente competitiva, a partir da percepção de que os objetos da busca pelo que causa prazer são comuns a todas as ambições e desejos. Quando mais de um desejo se volta ao mesmo objeto, o conflito é inevitável, sobressaindo-se aquele que possui maior poder para atingir seu objetivo. A história, neste contexto, é concebida como um campo destinado ao confronto incessante.
BREVES CONSIDERAÇÕES A UMA POSSÍVEL “REPÚBLICA DOS PRAZERES” DE VALLA
Authors: Adami Ana Leticia
Published: June 2021

O pensamento político que se desenvolve no início do renascimento italiano deve muito de sua investigação ao legado das obras de Cícero. É através do De Officiis, sobretudo, que a moral estoica adquiri grande popularidade e penetração entre os autores da Renascença. Como já foi assinalado, encontramos nessa obra considerações sobre o horizonte moral para a ação do agente político, sobredeterminado pela definição do télos da ação moral, ainda que posto no registro do modo de vida particular do agente. Nesse sentido, seu arrazoado é menos especulativo, e mais relacionado aos usos da vida ordinária para formação indireta do sujeito político. Como desdobramento dessas orientações, entrará em curso uma querela sobre dois diferentes modos de vida ou costumes mais convenientes à vida cívica: o de origem estoica e epicurista. No Renascimento, a questão acerca da “finalidade dos bens”, o sumo bem, volta a ser alvo de acirradas disputas especulativas. Como defensor do modo de vida epicurista e, consecutivamente, do sumo bem do prazer, encontraremos a obra de Lorenzo Valla, De Voluptate (1431), da qual extrairei algumas de suas considerações sobre os bens para fundamento do que podemos chamar de sua “república dos prazeres”.
A NOVA ORDEM PATRIARCAL: APONTAMENTO SOBRE A INSCRIÇÃO DAS MULHERES NA COLONIAL-MODERNIDADE
Authors: Osman Elzahra Mohamed Radwan Omar
Published: June 2021

O debate contemporâneo sobre as colonialidades engendradas pela Conquista da América e pelos Imperialismos dos séculos XIX e XX possibilitou que o campo de estudos de gênero e dos estudos feministas pudessem alargar suas reflexões teóricas para além do circunscrito projeto do movimento feminista branco euronortecentrado. O feminismo negro estadunidense, o feminismo chicano e, inclusive, feministas brasileiras como Lélia González, aportaram reflexões teóricas sobre a necessidade de se pensar a busca por igualdade de gênero por meio da justiça social, inscrevendo um feminismo radical a partir de concepções anticapitalistas, antirracistas e antipatriarcais. No entanto, devemos mais recentemente a teóricas como Oyèrónkë Oyěwùmí, María Lugones, Silvia Federici, Rita Segato, e muitas outras, novas compreensões sobre os efeitos de um sistema colonial de gênero, que fora gestado, inicialmente, no continente europeu, na passagem do feudalismo para o capitalismo, e cuja condição de existência reside nas duas barbáries coloniais. A partir do trabalho das teóricas acima referidas, este artigo intenta apresentar algumas reflexões sobre as características do patriarcado moderno, com o intuito de alargamos o olhar da teoria feminista contemporânea que busca abranger os outros 99 por cento.
MAQUIAVEL E A FENOMENOLOGIA DAS CONJURAÇÕES: APONTAMENTOS DE LEITURAS E HIPÓTESES INTERPRETATIVAS
Authors: Campi Alessandro
Published: June 2021

O tema das conspirações é frequentemente utilizado nos trabalhos de Maquiavel. Para isso, aliás, ele dedicou um dos seus mais famosos capítulos dos Discursos (III, 6). Não obstante, histórias de intriga e conspiração perpassam as histórias do Florentino, como em seus “escritos da chancelaria diplomática”. Observando a literatura predominante, “tem-se falado de maneira inapropriada sobre conspirações políticas e maquinações em O Príncipe (XIX) e nos textos histórico-políticos. Diferente de outros autores clássicos, a partir de Sallustio, Maquiavel não se limitou a descrever conspirações. Por meio de uma forma muito peculiar de enfrentamento, Maquiavel construiu uma verdadeira teoria ou fenomenologia, de um modo jamais alcançado por outros pensadores. Ele classificou as conspirações, identificadas em suas diversas variações históricas, desvelando-as em sua dimensão técnico-operacional, ilustrando as fases e os métodos de desenvolvimento, as motivações ideais, as justificativas materiais e as matrizes sociológicas. Além disso, ele apresentou uma chave da interpretação eminentemente histórica e política. Isso precisa ser salientado porque, durante muito tempo, essas interpretações limitaram-se às motivações psicológicas dos conspiradores
LA TRADIZIONE POLITICA DELLA RAGION DI STATO TRA UMANESIMO E MODERNITÀ
Authors: Arienzo Alessandro
Published: June 2021

L’espressione ragion di Stato nasce nel contesto della cultura politica del tardo Rinascimento con una pluralità di significati e usi che non è affatto riducibile – come spesso accade nel dibattito comune e pubblicistico – al solo ricorso alla forza, al segreto, o a strumenti eccezionali da parte del detentore del potere politico. Dal suo primo emergere nella cultura politica italiana di fine Cinquecento essa appare invece come parte determinante di un più complessivo processo di razionalizzazione politica che accompagna il consolidarsi degli stati territoriali moderni. In questo contributo vorrei illustrare i discorsi e le pratiche di governo che si affermano, tra fine XVI e inizio XVII secolo, in Italia ma non solo, nell’ambito della trattatistica sulla ragion di Stato. Per poi argomentare le ragioni per le quali essi contribuiscono a segnare tanto un percorso differente, anche se non necessariamente alternativo, al pensiero politico classico, quanto a consolidare gli assetti moderni della statualità, pur differenziandosi dal paradigma della sovranità
BIOGRAFIA E AUTOBIOGRAFIA: TANGÊNCIAS E SECÂNCIAS
Authors: Valverde Antonio
Published: June 2021

O ensaio intenta problematizar e circunscrever os termos “biografia” e “autobiografia”, histórica e filosoficamente. Para tanto interroga pelos usos e apropriações, desde o registro das expressões logos prophorikos [προφορικός] e logos endiatetos [ἐνδιάθετος]. Derivando, em seguida, para a abordagem da criação do gênero autobiografia, por hipótese iniciada a meados do século XIII, com Marco Polo, com destaques para as escritas ao tempo do Renascimento, de Cellini e de Cardano, sob o arco da extroversão a apontar para a introversão dos modernos, conforme Agnes Heller. Ao final, o ensaio analisa alguns formatos de biografias registradas a várias mãos e a cinematográfica. Além de referências às autobiografias bem concertadas, de Vico, Goethe, Rousseau, Darwin, e à poética de Walt Whitman
HEGEL E A MODERNIDADE: A CRÍTICA HEGELIANA À FILOSOFIA MODERNA DA SUBJETIVIDADE
Authors: Oliveira Manfredo Araújo de
Published: June 2021

A filosofia de Hegel se configura enquanto confronto com a tese básica da filosofia moderna: o esquema de pensamento sujeito/objeto que se constitui como a base e a estrutura de quadro teórico transcendental-subjetivo de Kant. Seu resultado é o estabelecimento de uma tese fundamentalmente contraposta à tradição: a tese da oposição radical entre a dimensão do pensar e a do ser, do sujeito e do objeto, da teoria e do mundo. A consonância entre Kant e Hegel se radica na ideia comum a ambos de que a primeira tarefa da filosofia consiste em expor e esclarecer a dimensão categorial, mediação irrecusável de todo conhecimento. O artigo procura mostrar, porém, que Hegel, apesar da meta fundamental, não conseguiu efetivar seu objetivo, pois sua proposta de configuração da filosofia constitui uma variante da filosofia moderna da subjetividade que ele projetou superar.
ECONOMIA, POLITICA E GOVERNAMENTALITÀ. UN’INDAGINE SUI TRATTATI SULL’ECONOMICA NEL TARDO RINASCIMENTO ITALIANO
Authors: Sebastianelli Pietro
Published: June 2021

Il presente articolo intende indagare alcuni trattati sull’economica cinque e seicentesca nel tentativo di evidenziare, da un punto di vista genealogico, la nascita di una nuova arte di governo, che prende il nome di economia politica. Confrontando i trattati di Giovanni Battista Assandri (Della economica overo disciplina domestica, 1616) e di Bartolomeo Frigerio (L’economo prudente, 1629) con la tradizione dell’oikonomia aristotelica ed evidenziando la loro originalità del contesto della riflessione tardo rinascimentale italiana sulle arti di governo, l’obiettivo che si intende perseguire consiste nel descrivere il momento storico a partire dal quale si verifica un’inedita convergenza tra economica e politica. Alla luce della presente indagine, la convergenza tra economica e politica, che si verifica nel solco tracciato dal discorso della ragion di Stato di Giovanni Botero, sembra configurarsi come una nuova del governo dello Stato che avrà un’importanza decisiva nella formazione della razionalità politica e della «governamentalità» moderna.
PRINCÍPIOS ÉTICO-POLÍTICOS E POLÍTICO-TEOLÓGICOS DA CHANCELARIA DO IMPERADOR CARLOS V
Authors: Nascimento Sidnei Francisco do
Published: June 2021

Paradoxalmente, os escritos pacifistas de Erasmo de Rotterdam influenciaram a chancelaria de Carlos V durante a Conferência de Valladolid na Espanha, em 1527, para ratificar a decisão do Imperador em fazer a guerra contra Roma, e consequentemente contra o pontificado de Clemente VII. Confronto que ficou conhecido como o Saque de Roma, como um dos maiores massacres patrocinados pelos soldados mercenários, contratados pelo Imperador.
A RELIGIÃO COMO ESPAÇO DE LIBERDADE: SEBASTIEN CASTELLION E ÉTIENNE DE LA BOÉTIE DIANTE DO CONFLITO RELIGIOSO NA FRANÇA
Authors: Visentin Stefano
Published: June 2021

O período das guerras religiosas na França no decorrer do Século XVI marca uma passagem decisiva para a construção de uma nova relação entre religião e política, que se tornará hegemônica no decorrer da idade moderna, e que, no entanto, nos dias de hoje, mostra os seus limites e as suas contradições. Entretanto, na França da metade do Século XVI, dois pensadores, Étienne de La Boétie e Sébastien Castellion, pertencentes a dois lados diferentes, procuram encontrar uma solução para o conflito que não passe nem pela supressão violenta da outra parte, nem pela despolitização do fenômeno religioso. Dos dois escritos feitos antes do início da guerra, A Mémoire sur la pacification des troubles, de La Boétie, e o Conseil à la France désolée, de Castellion, emerge uma concepção da religião liberta de qualquer limitação dogmática e, de outro modo, entendida como espaço de cooperação entre os homens de boa vontade. Esta tentativa de reconstruir o universalismo religioso através da potência emancipadora da linguagem e de uma prática comum permanecerá minoritária na história da primeira modernidade. Porém, é capaz de oferecer à nossa contemporaneidade um importante elemento de reflexão para uma época que está vivendo a falência do projeto liberal e o retorno ao fundamentalismo teológico-político.
Transition From Low-Threshold Vocational Education and Training to Work in Switzerland: Factors Influencing Objective and Subjective Career Success
Authors: Hofmann Claudia , Häfeli Kurt , Müller Xenia , Krauss Annette
Published: June 2021

Context: There are currently two low-threshold vocational education and training (VET) options in Switzerland for young people at risk: A two-year programme for a Federal VET certificate and a practical training programme designed for young people with special needs. In the present study, we looked at transitions from these programmes to the labour market. Possible influences on objective and subjective indicators of career success, such as social background, personal disposition, and training, were considered.Methods: Data were collected from 418 apprentices in the French- and German-speaking parts of Switzerland at three measurement points: t1, at the beginning of training; t2, upon completion of training; and t3, 10 months later. Participants responded to a written questionnaire.Findings: Ten months after completing their apprenticeships, the majority of participating young people were either employed or continuing their education. Results of the multinomial logistic and linear regressions showed a differentiated, rather than uniform, picture depending on the criteria for career success. The background factors of gender and school (9th grade) were associated with objective success after the apprenticeship ended but not with subjective career success (hypothesis 1). For the variables concerning person disposition and agency (hypothesis 2), we found two plausible associations: A positive attitude towards life helped with unemployment avoidance and a highly self-rated school performance was associated with later satisfaction. As predicted in hypothesis 3, situational factors related to the VET company and school showed a number of significant but sometimes weak associations with objective and subjective career success. Additionally, competencies and support of VET trainers related to continuance in the learned profession.Conclusions: The career development paths of young people are influenced by various background and personality factors, as well as the training situation. VET trainers should be aware of their crucial role and understand how their interventions affect apprentices’ self-perceptions and perceptions of their learned professions, which consequently influence their motivations and career aspirations. The situation at the VET school (as a learning and social place) is equally important, especially because of the aim to increase permeability for further training. Young people not in employment, education or training (NEET) are of particular concern. Even though this group is smaller in Switzerland than in most other countries, a number of problematic symptoms can be detected during apprenticeship that point to the need for the prevention of a later NEET status.
Educación para la utilización de fuentes de calidad : ilusión o realidad
Authors: Cruz Gil María del Carmen
Published: June 2021

El estudio comienza con el contexto actual de los cambios que se han producido en la información, con el objetivo de inducir a la reflexión sobre si la educación para la utilización de fuentes de calidad es una ilusión o una realidad, debido a la manipulación que está sufriendo la sociedad con la desinformación y las noticias falsas (fake news). Se presenta un análisis desde tres perspectivas: una, la búsqueda de información; dos, la propuesta de autores respecto a las fuentes en el contexto de búsqueda de información, y, tres, la educación en el contexto de la alfabetización informacional. Se finaliza con la propuesta de utilizar estas perspectivas como un proceso cíclico y convergente que debe comenzar a una edad temprana y debe ser continuado en el tiempo, para adquirir unas competencias informacionales que permiten reconocer los sesgos y evitar la desinformación.
Wavelength selection of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy based on a partial least squares model for quantitative analysis
Authors: Ma Qingxiao , Li Chun , Wang Biao , Ma Xin , Jiang Ling
Published: June 2021

Terahertz spectroscopy, combined with chemometric methods, has proved to be an effective tool in the quantitative analysis of many substances. However, current research has mainly focused on comparing different algorithms under the full spectrum. In fact, the full spectrum is not only composed of characteristic features of the samples, but also many types of noises. Hence, the accuracy of the quantitative analysis may be unsatisfactory if the full spectrum is selected. In this paper, a wavelength selection method based on partial least squares and absorption peak was proposed and an efficient frequency band was determined in the quantitative analysis of three types of pesticides, i.e., 6-benzylaminopurine, 2, 6-dichlorobenzonitrile, and imidacloprid. By introducing two parameters, the sum of peak intervals (

S
i

) and peak width, the most efficient peak was selected from multiple peaks and the specific peak width was given with the aid of particle swarm optimization. We concluded that the most efficient absorption peak for quantitative analysis corresponding to the largest

S
i

and full width near one-half maximum could characterize full spectrum information precisely. Comparing before and after wavelength selection, the correlation coefficient (

R

) of the three pesticides have increased from 0.9671, 0.9705, 0.9884 to 0.9921, 0.9934, and 0.9957. In conclusion, the proposed wavelength selection method was demonstrated to be very efficient for the quantitative analysis of the pesticide mixtures, which also could be helpful in the analysis of other multicomponent mixtures with absorption peaks.
Mark-release-recapture of male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Use of rhodamine B to estimate movement, mating and population parameters in preparation for an incompatible male program
Authors: Trewin Brendan J. , Pagendam Daniel E. , Johnson Brian J. , Paton Chris , Snoad Nigel , Ritchie Scott A. , Staunton Kyran M. , White Bradley J. , Mitchell Sara , Beebe Nigel W.
Published: June 2021

Rapid advances in biological and digital support systems are revolutionizing the population control of invasive disease vectors such asAedes aegypti. Methods such as the sterile and incompatible insect techniques (SIT/IIT) rely on modified males to seek out and successfully mate with females, and in doing so outcompete the wild male population for mates. Currently, these interventions most frequently infer mating success through area-wide population surveillance and estimates of mating competitiveness are rare. Furthermore, little is known about maleAe.aegyptibehaviour and biology in field settings. In preparation for a large, community scale IIT program, we undertook a series of mark- release-recapture experiments using rhodamine B to mark maleAe.aegyptisperm and measure mating interactions with females. We also developed a Spatial and Temporally Evolving Isotropic Kernel (STEIK) framework to assist researchers to estimate the movement of individuals through space and time. Results showed that ~40% of wild females captured daily were unmated, suggesting interventions will need to release males multiple times per week to be effective at suppressingAe.aegyptipopulations. Males moved rapidly through the landscape, particularly when released during the night. Although males moved further than what is typically observed in females of the species, survival was considerably lower. These unique insights improve our understanding of mating interactions in wildAe.aegyptipopulations and lay the foundation for robust suppression strategies in the future.