bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the practice and performance of manipulation under anesthesia
Authors: Gordon Robert , Cremata Edward , Hawk Cheryl
Published: February 2014

Background

There are currently no widely accepted guidelines on standards for the practice of chiropractic or manual therapy manipulation under anesthesia, and the evidence base for this practice is composed primarily of lower-level evidence. The purpose of this project was to develop evidence-informed and consensus-based guidelines on spinal manipulation under anesthesia to address the gaps in the literature with respect to patient selection and treatment protocols.

Methods

An expert consensus process was conducted from August-October 2013 using the Delphi method. Panelists were first provided with background literature, consisting of three review articles on manipulation under anesthesia. The Delphi rounds were conducted using the widely-used and well-established RAND-UCLA consensus process methodology to rate seed statements for their appropriateness. Consensus was determined to be reached if 80% of the 15 panelists rated a statement as appropriate. Consensus was reached on all 43 statements in two Delphi rounds.

Results

The Delphi process was conducted from August-October 2013. Consensus was reached on recommendations related to all aspects of manipulation under anesthesia, including patient selection; diagnosis and establishing medical necessity; treatment and follow-up procedures; evaluation of response to treatment; safety practices; appropriate compensation considerations; and facilities, anesthesia and nursing standards.

Conclusions

A high level of agreement was achieved in developing evidence-informed recommendations about the practice of chiropractic/manual therapy manipulation under anesthesia.
Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk in relation to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a case-control study in Japan
Authors: Nishino Yoshikazu , Minami Yuko , Kawai Masaaki , Fukamachi Kayoko , Sato Ikuro , Ohuchi Noriaki , Kakugawa Yoichiro
Published: February 2014

An association of cigarette smoking with breast cancer risk has been hypothesized. However, results from previous studies have been inconsistent. This case-control study investigated the association of cigarette smoking with breast cancer risk in terms of estrogen-receptor/progesterone-receptor (ER/PgR) status. From among female patients aged 30 years and over admitted to a single hospital in Japan between 1997 and 2011, 1,263 breast cancer cases (672 ER+/PgR+, 158 ER+/PgR-, 22 ER-/PgR+, 308 ER-/PgR- and 103 missing) and 3,160 controls were selected. History of smoking (ever, never), some smoking-related measures, and passive smoking from husbands (ever, never) were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Polytomous logistic regression and tests for heterogeneity across ER+/PgR + and ER-/PgR- were conducted. For any hormone receptor subtype, no significant association was observed between history of smoking (ever, never) and breast cancer risk. Analysis of smoking-related measures revealed that starting to smoke at an early age of ≤19 years was significantly associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal ER-/PgR- cancer (odds ratio = 7.01, 95% confidence interval: 2.07-23.73). Other measures of smoking such as the number of cigarettes per day, the duration of smoking, and start of smoking before the first birth were not associated with breast cancer risk for any receptor subtype. There was no association between passive smoking (ever, never) and breast cancer risk for any of the four subtypes. These results indicate that history of smoking and passive smoking from husbands may have no overall effect on breast cancer risk for any hormone receptor subtype. However, it is possible that women who start to smoke as teenagers may have a higher risk of developing postmenopausal ER-/PgR- cancer. Further studies are needed to clarify the association of smoking with breast cancer risk, especially the role of starting to smoke at an early age.
The experience of recovering gamblers in Malaysia: a phenomenological study
Authors: Choong Li Li , Loo Jasmine M Y , Ng Wai Sheng
Published: January 2014

Understanding the problem gambling recovery process is essential in the development of effective prevention and treatment programs. Existing empirical studies have examined the determinants and treatment of gambling behaviour but little research has investigated the experiences of Asian gamblers and their perceptions of gambling impact on family and significant others. This study utilizes a phenomenological approach to examine the experiences of ten gamblers who were enrolled in a gambling recovery program. Data analyses on qualitative interview sessions revealed four main themes comprising meaning of gambling, beliefs about gambling, perception of themselves (gamblers), family and significant others, and factors associated with the cessation of gambling behaviour. Within each theme, there are interrelated sub-themes that will be discussed within the study. In sum, the common factors that were evident are the importance of the gambler’s motivation to quit gambling and also their family’s support in the recovery process. Suggestions and implications for treatment and recovery are discussed.
Exploring necrotizing autoimmune myopathies with a novel immunoassay for anti-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase autoantibodies
Authors: Drouot Laurent , Allenbach Yves , Jouen Fabienne , Charuel Jean-Luc , Martinet Jérémie , Meyer Alain , Hinschberger Olivier , Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Kone-Paut Isabelle , Campana-Salort Emmanuelle , Eymard Bruno , Tournadre Anne , Musset Lucile , Sibilia Jean , Marie Isabelle , Benveniste Olivier , Boyer Olivier ,   the French Myositis Network [CN]
Published: February 2014

Introduction

Necrotizing autoimmune myopathies (NAM) have recently been defined as a distinct group of severe acquired myopathies, characterized by prominent myofiber necrosis without significant muscle inflammation. Because of the lack of appropriate biomarkers, these diseases have been long misdiagnosed as atypical forms of myositis. NAM may be associated to autoantibodies directed against signal recognition particle (SRP) or 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). The objective of this work was to quantify anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in patients with suspicion of NAM through the development of a new addressable laser bead immunoassay (ALBIA).

Methods

Recombinant HMGCR C-domain was bound to fluorescent beads. After incubation with serum, autoantibodies were revealed using class- or subclass-specific anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Anti-HMGCR levels were assayed in 150 patients with suspicion of NAM, 142 controls with different inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and 100 healthy donors. Inhibition with free recombinant HMGCR and immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed test specificity. Reproducibility and repeatability were determined from sera with various levels of anti-HMGCR autoantibodies. A multiplex assay (ALBIA-NAM) was also developed to permit the simultaneous quantification of anti-HMGCR and anti-signal recognition particle autoantibodies.

Results

No controls scored positive. Of 150 patients with suspicion of NAM, 24% were positive for anti-HMGCR autoantibodies with levels ranging from 24 to 2,656 AU/mL. Anti-HMGCR positivity could be associated to a cytoplasmic pattern in immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells. Anti-HMGCR-positive patients had high creatine kinase (CK) levels (mean 6,630 IU/L) and only 40% of them had been exposed to statins. Multiplex ALBIA-NAM was equally as effective as monoplex anti-HMGCR and anti-SRP ALBIA.

Conclusions

Both monoplex ALBIA-HMGCR and multiplex ALBIA-NAM reliably detect and quantify anti-HMGCR autoantibodies. A positive result allows ascribing patients with a necrotizing myopathy to an autoimmune form. Anti-HMGCR autoantibodies may be found in patients who have not taken statins.
Genome-wide co-localization of Polycomb orthologs and their effects on gene expression in human fibroblasts
Authors: Pemberton Helen , Anderton Emma , Patel Harshil , Brookes Sharon , Chandler Hollie , Palermo Richard , Stock Julie , Rodriguez-Niedenführ Marc , Racek Tomas , de Breed Lucas , Stewart Aengus , Matthews Nik , Peters Gordon
Published: February 2014

Background

Polycomb group proteins form multicomponent complexes that are important for establishing lineage-specific patterns of gene expression. Mammalian cells encode multiple permutations of the prototypic Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) with little evidence for functional specialization. An aim of this study is to determine whether the multiple orthologs that are co-expressed in human fibroblasts act on different target genes and whether their genomic location changes during cellular senescence.

Results

Deep sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitated with antibodies against CBX6, CBX7, CBX8, RING1 and RING2 reveals that the orthologs co-localize at multiple sites. PCR-based validation at representative loci suggests that a further six PRC1 proteins have similar binding patterns. Importantly, sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation with antibodies against different orthologs implies that multiple variants of PRC1 associate with the same DNA. At many loci, the binding profiles have a distinctive architecture that is preserved in two different types of fibroblast. Conversely, there are several hundred loci at which PRC1 binding is cell type-specific and, contrary to expectations, the presence of PRC1 does not necessarily equate with transcriptional silencing. Interestingly, the PRC1 binding profiles are preserved in senescent cells despite changes in gene expression.

Conclusions

The multiple permutations of PRC1 in human fibroblasts congregate at common rather than specific sites in the genome and with overlapping but distinctive binding profiles in different fibroblasts. The data imply that the effects of PRC1 complexes on gene expression are more subtle than simply repressing the loci at which they bind.
Using high-density DNA methylation arrays to profile copy number alterations
Authors: Feber Andrew , Guilhamon Paul , Lechner Matthias , Fenton Tim , Wilson Gareth A , Thirlwell Christina , Morris Tiffany J , Flanagan Adrienne M , Teschendorff Andrew E , Kelly John D , Beck Stephan
Published: February 2014

The integration of genomic and epigenomic data is an increasingly popular approach for studying the complex mechanisms driving cancer development. We have developed a method for evaluating both methylation and copy number from high-density DNA methylation arrays. Comparing copy number data from Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips and SNP arrays, we demonstrate that Infinium arrays detect copy number alterations with the sensitivity of SNP platforms. These results show that high-density methylation arrays provide a robust and economic platform for detecting copy number and methylation changes in a single experiment. Our method is available in the ChAMP Bioconductor package: http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/2.13/bioc/html/ChAMP.html.
Semiautomated fault interpretation based on seismic attributes
Authors: Zhang Bo , Liu Yuancheng , Pelissier Michael , Hemstra Nanne
Published: January 2014

Three-dimensional fault interpretation is a time-consuming and tedious task. Huge efforts have been invested in attempts to accelerate this procedure. We present a novel workflow to perform semiautomated fault illumination that uses a discontinuity attribute as input and provides labeled fault surfaces as output. The procedure is modeled after a biometric algorithm to recognize capillary vein patterns in human fingers. First, a coherence or discontinuity volume is converted to binary form indicating possible fault locations. This binary volume is then skeletonized to produce a suite of fault sticks. Finally, the fault sticks are grouped to construct fault surfaces using a classic triangulation method. The processing in the first two steps is applied time slice by time slice, thereby minimizing the influence of staircase artifacts seen in discontinuity volumes. We illustrate this technique by applying it to a seismic volume acquired over the Netherlands Sector of the North Sea Basin and find that the proposed strategy can produce highly precise fault surfaces.
The epistemic challenges of CTOs: Commentary on … Community treatment orders
Authors: Light Edwina
Published: February 2014

Controversy around the use of community treatment orders (CTOs) arises in part from their ambiguous evidence base. Recent research has provided valuable new insights into the effects of CTOs, while also highlighting the critical importance of first understanding what CTOs are and what they are meant to achieve. A genuine public discourse on the significance of CTOs will have multiple perspectives. This necessitates a more pluralistic approach to constructing the necessary knowledge of CTOs to enable communities to make sound decisions about their use.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) under Visible Light over Bi2WO6 with Different Morphologies
Authors: Deng Weiyi , Li Hui , Li Le , Qin Bang , Fan Zao , Zhao Yubao
Published: February 2014

Bi2WO6 samples with different morphologies were hydrothermally synthesized and applied to the photoreduction of hexavalent chromium under visible-light irradiation. It was found that nanosheets with high exposure of {100} facets and crystallinity exhibited the best photocatalytic performance: two times as active as nanoparticles based on specific rate constant.
Construction of Molecular Communication Interface Formed from Cerasome and Hydrophobic Vitamin B12 on Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Qiao Yun , Tahara Keishiro , Zhang Qian , Song Xi-Ming , Hisaeda Yoshio , Kikuchi Jun-ich
Published: February 2014

Nanohybrid vesicles formed from a cationic cerasome, i.e., a morphologically stable liposomal membrane with a ceramic surface and a hydrophobic vitamin B12 as a bioinspired molecular catalyst were assembled on a glassy carbon electrode to form a molecular communication interface. This interface effectively converted a molecular input signal to an electric response.
Outside Options and the Failure of the Coase Conjecture
Authors: Board Simon , Pycia Marek
Published: February 2014

A buyer wishes to purchase a good from a seller who chooses a sequence of prices over time. Each period the buyer can also exercise an outside option, abandoning their search or moving on to another seller. We show there is a unique equilibrium in which the seller charges a constant price in every period equal to the monopoly price, contravening the Coase conjecture. We then embed the single-seller model into a search framework and show the result provides a foundation for the usual “no haggling” assumption. (JEL C78, D42, D43, L12, L13)
SIBERIA’S RESOURCE POTENTIAL AS A FOUNDATION FOR INTERNAL AND IN-BOUND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Морозов Владимир , Morozov Vladimir , Хаванова Наталья , Khavanova Natalya , Гукасян Лилит , Gukasyan Lilit
Published: January 2014

The article focuses on the potential of Siberia’s recreational resources, with special emphasis laid on such unique ecosystems as Lake Baikal and Lake Teletskoe, as well as thermal spas, mineral springs and peloid wells of the Republic of Buryatia, the Altai Republic, the Tyva Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Zabaykalsky Krai and Altaysky District (Altaysky Krai).
THE USE OF SOCIAL RESOURCES EXCHANGE TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERNISATION-DRIVEN SOCIETY
Authors: Семченко Ирина , Semchenko Irina
Published: January 2014

The current social trend towards rapid change necessitates continuous evaluation of the impact of social resources exchange, since it is only through productive and efficient exchange that a comprehensive beneficial effect on modern society’s activities is to be attained.
EXPERIENCE ECONOMY CHALLENGES AND PRODUCT STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Осокин Вадим , Osokin Vadim
Published: January 2014

The author dwells on the content of the ‘experience economy’ concept and proposes an innovative approach to the impact of experience economy challenges on the product strategic management. The article substantiates the top position of service in the process of building up and shaping the customer’s experience of the product and its consumption.
CLUSTER APPROACH AS A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Authors: Гиносян Кристине , Ginosyan Kristine , Большаков Алексей , Bolshakov Aleksey , Хаванова Наталья , Khavanova Natalya
Published: January 2014

The article gives focus to the cluster approach as a strategic development tool securing consistent and sustainable tourism development. The authors dwell upon the preconditions for boundary-region tourism development and identify the factors contributing to the successful generation and stable development of the boundary-region tourist clusters.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODIFICATIONS AS CONDITIONED BY A TRANSITION TO INNOVATION-BASED DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Рогов Владимир , Rogov Vladimir
Published: January 2014

The article presents the results of a research into current-context changes in the

conceptual content of strategic management as reflected in the works by world-renowned

experts in this field. The author evaluates and proposes a vision of the position of innovative

activity management (as applied to the hotel industry) within the overall strategic management

framework, further substantiating the expediency of Russian hotel industry adopting the

innovation-based development strategies.
ORTHODOX RELIGIUOS TOURISM IN RUSSIA: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Романова Маргарита , Romanova Margarita , Левшин Александр , Levshin Aleksandr , Вантеева Наталья , Vanteeva Natalya
Published: January 2014

Orthodox pilgrimage in Russia is a major contributor to the integration of the state,

the society and the Russian Orthodox Church, moulding the three into a spiritually, culturally

and historically sound and solid unity. The article draws on history to provide examples of the

national exceptional treatment that spiritual pilgrimage and pilgrims enjoyed in the epoch of the

Russian Empire. The authors give a review of the modern approaches to the concept of orthodox pilgrimage, put forward a classification of its parties and types and suggest an improvement

mechanism.
Rewarding Volunteers: A Field Experiment
Authors: Lacetera Nicola , Macis Mario , Slonim Robert
Published: January 2014

We conducted a field experiment with the American Red Cross (ARC) to study the effects of economic incentives on volunteer activities. The experiment was designed to assess local and short-term effects as well as spatial and temporal substitution, heterogeneity, and spillovers. Subjects offered $5, $10, and $15 gift cards to give blood were more likely to donate and more so for the higher reward values. The incentives also led to spatial displacement and a short-term shift in the timing of donation activity, but they had no long-term effects. Many of the effects were also heterogeneous in the population. We also detected a spillover effect whereby informing some individuals of rewards through official ARC channels led others who were not officially informed to be more likely to donate. Thus, the effect of incentives on prosocial behavior includes not only the immediate local effects but also spatial displacement, social spillovers, and dramatic heterogeneity. We discuss the implications of these findings for organizations with activities that rely on volunteers for the supply of key inputs or products as well as for government agencies and public policy.

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Anatomical total shoulder replacement with rotator cuff repair for osteoarthritis of the shoulder
Authors: Simone J. P. , Streubel P. H. , Athwal G. S. , Sperling J. W. , Schleck C. D. , Cofield R. H.
Published: February 2014

We assessed the clinical results, radiographic outcomes and complications of patients undergoing total shoulder replacement (TSR) for osteoarthritis with concurrent repair of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. Between 1996 and 2010, 45 of 932 patients (4.8%) undergoing TSR for osteoarthritis underwent rotator cuff repair. The final study group comprised 33 patients with a mean follow-up of 4.7 years (3 months to 13 years). Tears were classified into small (10), medium (14), large (9) or massive (0). On a scale of 1 to 5, pain decreased from a mean of 4.7 to 1.7 (p = < 0.0001), the mean forward elevation improved from 99° to 139° (p = < 0.0001), and the mean external rotation improved from 20° (0° to 75°) to 49° (20° to 80°) (p = < 0.0001). The improvement in elevation was greater in those with a small tear (p = 0.03). Radiographic evidence of instability developed in six patients with medium or large tears, indicating lack of rotator cuff healing. In all, six glenoid components, including one with instability, were radiologically at risk of loosening. Complications were noted in five patients, all with medium or large tears; four of these had symptomatic instability and one sustained a late peri-prosthetic fracture. Four patients (12%) required further surgery, three with instability and one with a peri-prosthetic humeral fracture.

Consideration should be given to performing rotator cuff repair for stable shoulders during anatomical TSR, but reverse replacement should be considered for older, less active patients with larger tears.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:224–8.
Establishment of a hip replacement project in a district hospital in Burkina Faso
Authors: Dossche L. , Noyez J. F. , Ouedraogo W. , Kalmogho E.
Published: February 2014

Total hip replacement (THR) still is a rare intervention in many African countries. In Burkina Faso it is not performed on a regular basis. A visiting programme for THR was started in a district hospital with no previous relevant experience. In this paper we present an analysis of the surgical technical problems and peri-operative complications of 152 THRs in 136 patients and three bipolar hemiarthroplasties in three patients undertaken in this new programme with limited orthopaedic equipment. There were 86 male and 53 female patients with a mean age of 49 years (21 to 78). We identified 77 intra-operative technical problems in 51 operations. There were 24 peri-operative complications in 21 patients, 17 of which were bony in nature. So far, ten revision THRs have been performed in nine patients.

Regular analysis of the technical problems and complications was used to improve quality, and we identified patient selection adapted to the local circumstances as important to avoid complications. Our reflections on the problems encountered in initiating such a programme may be of help to other teams planning similar projects.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:177–80.
Sleep apnoea adversely affects the outcome in patients who undergo posterior lumbar fusion
Authors: Stundner O. , Chiu Y-L. , Sun X. , Ramachandran S-K. , Gerner P. , Vougioukas V. , Mazumdar M. , Memtsoudis S. G.
Published: February 2014

Despite the increasing prevalence of sleep apnoea, little information is available regarding its impact on the peri-operative outcome of patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion. Using a national database, patients who underwent lumbar fusion between 2006 and 2010 were identified, sub-grouped by diagnosis of sleep apnoea and compared. The impact of sleep apnoea on various outcome measures was assessed by regression analysis. The records of 84 655 patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion were identified and 7.28% (n = 6163) also had a diagnostic code for sleep apnoea. Compared with patients without sleep apnoea, these patients were older, more frequently female, had a higher comorbidity burden and higher rates of peri-operative complications, post-operative mechanical ventilation, blood product transfusion and intensive care. Patients with sleep apnoea also had longer and more costly periods of hospitalisation.

In the regression analysis, sleep apnoea emerged as an independent risk factor for the development of peri-operative complications (odds ratio (OR) 1.50, confidence interval (CI) 1.38;1.62), blood product transfusions (OR 1.12, CI 1.03;1.23), mechanical ventilation (OR 6.97, CI 5.90;8.23), critical care services (OR 1.86, CI 1.71;2.03), prolonged hospitalisation and increased cost (OR 1.28, CI 1.19;1.37; OR 1.10, CI 1.03;1.18).

Patients with sleep apnoea who undergo posterior lumbar fusion pose significant challenges to clinicians.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:242–8.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of acetabular impaction grafting without cage reinforcement for revision hip replacement
Authors: Gilbody J. , Taylor C. , Bartlett G. E. , Whitehouse S. L. , Hubble M. J. W. , Timperley A. J. , Howell J. R. , Wilson M. J.
Published: February 2014

Impaction bone grafting for the reconstitution of bone stock in revision hip surgery has been used for nearly 30 years. Between 1995 and 2001 we used this technique in acetabular reconstruction, in combination with a cemented component, in 304 hips in 292 patients revised for aseptic loosening. The only additional supports used were stainless steel meshes placed against the medial wall or laterally around the acetabular rim to contain the graft. All Paprosky grades of defect were included. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were collected in surviving patients at a minimum of ten years after the index operation. Mean follow-up was 12.4 years (sd 1.5) (10.0 to 16.0). Kaplan–Meier survival with revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint was 85.9% (95% CI 81.0 to 90.8) at 13.5 years. Clinical scores for pain relief remained satisfactory, and there was no difference in clinical scores between cups that appeared stable and those that appeared radiologically loose.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:188–94.
The incidence of avascular necrosis and the radiographic outcome following medial open reduction in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Gardner R. O. E. , Bradley C. S. , Howard A. , Narayanan U. G. , Wedge J. H. , Kelley S. P.
Published: February 2014

The incidence of clinically significant avascular necrosis (AVN) following medial open reduction of the dislocated hip in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) remains unknown. We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify all clinical studies reporting the results of medial open reduction surgery. A total of 14 papers reporting 734 hips met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up was 10.9 years (2 to 28). The rate of clinically significant AVN (types 2 to 4) was 20% (149/734). From these papers 221 hips in 174 children had sufficient information to permit more detailed analysis. The rate of AVN increased with the length of follow-up to 24% at skeletal maturity, with type 2 AVN predominating in hips after five years’ follow-up. The presence of AVN resulted in a higher incidence of an unsatisfactory outcome at skeletal maturity (55% vs 20% in hips with no AVN; p < 0.001). A higher rate of AVN was identified when surgery was performed in children aged < 12 months, and when hips were immobilised in ≥ 60°of abduction post-operatively. Multivariate analysis showed that younger age at operation, need for further surgery and post-operative hip abduction of ≥ 60° increased the risk of the development of clinically significant AVN.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:279–86.
Increased risk of revision for high flexion total knee replacement with thicker tibial liners
Authors: Namba R. S. , Inacio M. C. S. , Cafri G.
Published: February 2014

The outcome of total knee replacement (TKR) using components designed to increase the range of flexion is not fully understood. The short- to mid-term risk of aseptic revision in high flexion TKR was evaluated. The endpoint of the study was aseptic revision and the following variables were investigated: implant design (high flexion vs non-high flexion), the thickness of the tibial insert (≤ 14 mm vs > 14 mm), cruciate ligament (posterior stabilised (PS) vs cruciate retaining), mobility (fixed vs rotating), and the manufacturer (Zimmer, Smith & Nephew and DePuy). Covariates included patient, implant, surgeon and hospital factors. Marginal Cox proportional hazard models were used.

In a cohort of 64 000 TKRs, high flexion components were used in 8035 (12.5%). The high flexion knees with tibial liners of thickness > 14 mm had a density of revision of 1.45/100 years of observation, compared with 0.37/100 in non-high flexion TKR with liners ≤ 14 mm thick. Relative to a standard fixed PS TKR, the NexGen (Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana) Gender Specific Female high flexion fixed PS TKR had an increased risk of revision (hazard ratio (HR) 2.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48 to 3.50)), an effect that was magnified when a thicker tibial insert was used (HR 8.10 (95% CI 4.41 to 14.89)).

Surgeons should be cautious when choosing high flexion TKRs, particularly when thicker tibial liners might be required.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:217–23.
An estimation of the incidence of squeaking and revision surgery for squeaking in ceramic-on-ceramic total hip replacement
Authors: Owen D. H. , Russell N. C. , Smith P. N. , Walter W. L.
Published: February 2014

Squeaking arising from a ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) total hip replacement (THR) may cause patient concern and in some cases causes patients to seek revision surgery. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the incidence of squeaking and the incidence of revision surgery for squeaking. A total of 43 studies including 16 828 CoC THR that reported squeaking, or revision for squeaking, were entered into the analysis. The incidence of squeaking was 4.2% and the incidence of revision for squeaking was 0.2%. The incidence of squeaking in patients receiving the Accolade femoral stem was 8.3%, and the incidence of revision for squeaking in these patients was 1.3%.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:181–7.
A single surgeon’s series of transthoracic oesophageal resections
Authors: Beasley WD , Jefferies MT , Gilmour J , Manson JMcK
Published: January 2014

Introduction

Significant controversy persists over the optimum surgical management of oesophageal carcinoma. The authors report on a consecutive personal series of open transthoracic oesophageal resections.

Methods

Data relating to resections performed between mid-1993 and the end of 2010 were analysed. Patient and tumour assessment evolved over this period. Preoperative chemotherapy in appropriate cases was introduced in 2002. A laparotomy and right lateral thoracotomy approach (Ivor–Lewis) was used. In all cases the pylorus was not interfered with, no attempt was made to perform a radical lymphadenectomy but surgical strategy was focused on producing an R0 resection and a hand sewn anastomosis was fashioned.

Results

A total of 165 resections were performed; 130 patients (80%) were male. The median age was 66 years (range: 31–82 years). Eighty per cent had an adenocarcinoma. Sixty-four per cent of the tumours were T3/T4 and sixty-two per cent node positive. Forty patients (24%) had an involved circumferential resection margin (CRM). Five patients (3.0%) had no resection and a quarter (26%) developed morbidity of some form. There was one clinical anastomotic leak (0.6%) and three benign strictures requiring dilation (1.8%). In-hospital mortality was 3.0% (5 patients). Disease specific survival at one, two and five years was 77%, 42% and 36% respectively. Neither CRM involvement nor preoperative chemotherapy influenced survival significantly. No patient required intervention to disrupt the pylorus.

Conclusions

Excellent outcomes are achievable following open transthoracic oesophagectomy without radical lymphadenectomy using a hand sewn gastro-oesophageal anastomosis and without disrupting the pylorus.
Splenectomy results from an 18-year single centre experience
Authors: Davies ILl , Cho J , Lewis MH
Published: January 2014

Introduction

Splenectomy is performed both as an emergency procedure following trauma and electively when indicated for haematological disease. Postsplenectomy patients receive immunotherapy vaccines and continuous antibiotic prophylaxis. Despite well documented concerns regarding complications and overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) risk, there appears to be only a small amount of consistent data on long-term outcomes. The authors therefore present their postsplenectomy patient outcomes over an 18-year follow-up period.

Methods

One hundred and five postsplenectomy patients operated on between 1991 and 2011 were identified from pathology codes and their case notes were reviewed. Eighty-eight patients (83.8%) were followed up for at least five years or until death.

Results

Of the 105 splenectomy patients (58 were male), the median age was 54 years (range: 10–87 years) and the median survival was 80 months. Operative morbidity and mortality rates were 21.0% (n=22) and 8.6% (n=9) respectively. Thirty-seven patients (27 males) underwent an emergency splenectomy with a median age, operative morbidity and operative mortality of 51 years, 13.5% and 21.6% (n=8) respectively. This compares with 68 patients (35 males) undergoing an elective splenectomy with the same parameters respectively of 55 years, 25.0% and 1.5% (n=1). Excluding operative deaths, multivariate analysis revealed age (p=0.002) as the only significant and independent prognostic indicator. Immunotherapy and antibiotic prophylaxis rates for the emergency cohort were 92.6% and 88.9% respectively, compared with 90.2% and 93.4% for the elective cohort. At follow-up, no patients were readmitted with OPSI.

Conclusions

Over an 18-year period and a diverse indication for splenectomy, we have identified no evidence of OPSI. However, a significant operative mortality was associated with traumatic splenic rupture.
Successful closure of gastrocutaneous fistulas using the Surgisis® anal fistula plug
Authors: Darrien JH , Kasem H
Published: January 2014

Introduction

Gastrocutaneous fistulas remain an uncommon complication of upper gastrointestinal surgery. Less common but equally problematic are gastrocutaneous fistulas secondary to non-healing gastrostomies. Both are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Surgical repair remains the gold standard of care. For those unfit for surgical intervention, results from conservative management can be disappointing. We describe a case series of seven patients with gastrocutaneous fistulas who were unfit for surgical intervention. These patients were managed successfully in a minimally invasive manner using the Surgisis® (Cook Surgical, Bloomington, IN, US) anal fistula plug.

Methods

Between September 2008 and January 2009, seven patients with gastrocutaneous fistulas presented to Wishaw General Hospital. Four gastrocutaneous fistulas represented non-healing gastrostomies, two followed an anastomotic leak after an oesophagectomy and one following an anastomotic leak after a distal gastrectomy. All patients had poor nutritional reserve with no other identifiable reason for failure to heal. All were deemed unfit for surgical intervention. Five gastrocutaneous fistulas were closed successfully using the Surgisis® anal fistula plug positioned directly into the fistula tract under local anaesthesia and two gastrocutaneous fistulas were closed successfully using the Surgisis® anal fistula positioned endoscopically using a rendezvous technique.

Results

For the five patients with gastrocutaneous fistulas closed directly under local anaesthesia, oral alimentation was reinstated immediately. Fistula output ceased on day 12 with complete epithelialisation occurring at a median of day 26. For the two gastrocutaneous fistulas closed endoscopically using the rendezvous technique, oral alimentation was reinstated on day 5 with immediate cessation of fistula output. Follow-up upper gastrointestinal endoscopy confirmed re-epithelialisation at eight weeks. In none of the cases has there been fistula recurrence (range of follow-up duration: 30–59 months).

Conclusions

Surgisis® anal fistula plugs can be used safely and effectively to close gastrocutaneous fistulas in a minimally invasive manner in patients unfit for surgical intervention.
Effect of Sodium Chloride Concentration on Elemental Analysis of Brines by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Goueguel Christian , Singh Jagdish P. , McIntyre Dustin L. , Jain Jinesh , Karamalidis Athanasios K.
Published: January 2014

Leakage of injected carbon dioxide (CO2) or resident fluids, such as brine, is a major concern associated with the injection of large volumes of CO2 into deep saline formations. Migration of brine could contaminate drinking water resources by increasing their salinity or endanger vegetation and animal life as well as human health. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration on the detection of calcium and potassium in brine samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The ultimate goals were to determine the suitability of the LIBS technique for in situ measurements of metal ion concentrations in NaCl-rich solution and to develop a chemical sensor that can provide the early detection of brine intrusion into formations used for domestic or agricultural water production. Several brine samples of NaCl–CaCl2 and NaCl–KCl were prepared at NaCl concentrations between 0.0 and 3.0 M. The effect of NaCl concentration on the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for calcium (422.67 nm) and potassium (769.49 nm) emission lines was evaluated. Results show that, for a delay time of 300 ns and a gate width of 3 μs, the presence of and changes in NaCl concentration significantly affect the SBR and SNR for both emission lines. An increase in NaCl concentration from 0.0 to 3.0 M produced an increase in the SNR, whereas the SBR dropped continuously. The detection limits obtained for both elements were in the milligrams per liter range, suggesting that a NaCl-rich solution does not severely limit the ability of LIBS to detect trace amount of metal ions.
Experiencias de presupuestos participativos en el País Valenciano: análisis de variables que intervienen en su paralización
Authors: López Ronda Sergio , Pineda Nebot Carmen
Published: February 2014

En España, aunque no se conoce con exactitud, se han puesto en marcha desde 2001 casi un centenar de experiencias de presupuesto participativo, metodología de gestión pública presupuestaria que se ha convertido en una práctica de innovación democrática y de calidad del gasto público, al incluir a la ciudadanía en el principal proceso de decisión de los gobiernos: el presupuesto. Una parte de estas prácticas se han realizado en municipios del País Valenciano, objeto de nuestro estudio. El artículo se divide en dos partes: en la primera nos centramos en la descripción de los municipios que han implantado presupuestos participativos en el País Valenciano, sus características territoriales y sociales, la cultura participativa del municipio, la configuración de los gobiernos en el momento de implementación de las experiencias y en la actualidad, las características del proceso y la metodología utilizada, etc. En la segunda parte analizaremos las causas que han motivado la paralización de algunas experiencias y plantearemos algunas conclusiones que puedan permitir la sostenibilidad en el tiempo de este tipo de procesos.
The Motivating Role of Dissociative Out-Groups in Encouraging Positive Consumer Behaviors
Authors: White Katherine , Simpson Bonnie , Argo Jennifer J.
Published: January 2014

Previous research has found that people tend to avoid products or behaviors that are linked to dissociative reference groups. The present research demonstrates conditions under which consumers exhibit similar behaviors to dissociative out-group members in the domain of positive consumption behaviors. In particular, when a consumer learns that a dissociative out-group performs comparatively well on a positive behavior, the consumer is more likely to respond with positive intentions and actions when the setting is public (vs. private). The authors suggest that this occurs because learning of the successful performance of a dissociative out-group under public conditions threatens the consumer's group image and activates the desire to present the group image in a positive light. The authors show that although group affirmation mitigates these effects, self-affirmation does not. They also examine the moderating role of the positivity of the behavior and the mediating role of group image motives. Taken together, the results highlight conditions under which communicating information about the behaviors of dissociative out-groups can be used to spur consumers to engage in positive actions.
Broadcasting and Narrowcasting: How Audience Size Affects What People Share
Authors: Barasch Alixandra , Berger Jonah
Published: January 2014

Does the number of people with whom someone communicates influence what he or she discusses and shares? Six studies demonstrate that compared with narrowcasting (i.e., communicating with just one person), broadcasting (i.e., communicating with multiple people) leads consumers to avoid sharing content that makes them look bad. Narrowcasting, however, encourages people to share content that is useful to the message recipient. These effects are driven by communicators’ focus of attention. People naturally tend to focus on the self, but communicating with just one person heightens other-focus, which leads communicators to share less self-presenting content and more useful content. These findings shed light on the drivers of word of mouth and provide insight into when the communication sender (vs. receiver) plays a relatively larger role in what people share.
A concise and efficient synthesis of (+)-preussin
Authors: Arévalo-García Enzo B.
Published: February 2014

A novel and efficient synthesis of (+)-preussin (7) starting from N-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalaninal (1) is described. This natural product was synthesized under mild conditions and with good overall yield.
Akademische Integrität und die Bekämpfung von Plagiaten als Handlungsfelder für Hochschulen und ihre Bibliotheken – Überlegungen von der Zweiten Mainzer Tagung zur Akademischen Integrität / Academic integrity and plagiarism control as spheres of activity for universities and their libraries – Thoughts from the second Mainz conference on academic integrity / L’intégrité académique et la lutte contre le plagiat comme champs d’action pour les universités et leurs bibliothèques – quelques réflexions de la seconde Conférence de Mayence portant sur l’intégrité académique
Authors: Höhner Kathrin
Published: January 2014

In dem Maße, in dem wissenschaftliche Texte immer leichter über das Internet zugänglich sind, werden Plagiate zu einem immer häufiger wahrgenommenen Phänomen. Wird jedoch Open Access für das vermehrte Auftreten von Plagiarismus verantwortlich gemacht, wird eine Debatte in eine falsche Richtung gelenkt; nicht die freie Zugänglichkeit, sondern die digitale Verfügbarkeit von Texten könnte zum Plagiieren verführen - oder aber für eine bessere Aufdeckung von Plagiaten sorgen. Da die Digitalisierung es viel mehr als gedruckte Werke ermöglicht, dass einmal formulierte Ideen sichtbar für alle werden, „verschwinden“ verfasste Texte - und damit auch Plagiate - nicht mehr in abgeschiedenen Ecken von Bibliotheken. Doch was ist damit noch „neu“ oder „originär“? Und wer bewertet den originären Charakter einer Arbeit? Vor diesem Hintergrund soll die Bedeutung der digitalen Verfügbarkeit und der freien Zugänglichkeit von Texten für die Verbreitung von Inhalten und vor allem für das saubere wissenschaftliche Arbeiten betrachtet werden. Als Konsequenz daraus werden Handlungsfelder für Hochschulen und Bibliotheken aufgezeigt.
„Wer lernt, ist doof. Produziert unser Bildungssystem notorische Betrüger?“ / “Those who learn are stupid. Does our educational system produce notorious fraudsters?” / » Celui qui apprend est stupide. Est-ce que notre système d’éducation produit des fraudeurs notoires? «
Authors: Walger Nicole
Published: January 2014

Während bundesweit immer wieder Fälle wissenschaftlichen Fehlverhaltens im Bereich der Forschung diskutiert werden, befasst man sich nur wenig mit Plagiaten und Fälschungen im Kontext des Studiums. Auf der Suche nach den Ursachen akademischer Normbrüche wurde daher an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz im November 2013 im Rahmen der Veranstaltung „Wer lernt, ist doof. Produziert unser Bildungssystem notorische Betrüger“ speziell der Frage nachgegangen, wo und wann die richtigen Grundlagen für gutes wissenschaftliches Arbeiten zu legen sind.
Zwerge mit den Schultern von Riesen – Akademisches Fehlverhalten als Teil des Wissenschaftssystems? / Dwarfs with shoulders of giants – is academic misconduct part of the scientific system? / Des nains avec des épaules de géants – Faute professionnelle académique dans le cadre du système scientifique?
Authors: Walger Nicole
Published: January 2014

Mit dem Titel „Zwerge mit den Schultern von Riesen - Akademisches Fehlverhalten als Teil des Wissenschaftssystems?“ fand am 17. und 18. Juli 2013 an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität in Mainz die 2. Mainzer Tagung zur Akademischen Integrität mit anschließenden Workshops zu Präventions- und Kontrollmöglichkeiten wissenschaftlichen Fehlverhaltens statt. Gemeinsam mit Expertinnen und Experten aus der empirischen Forschung, aus der Lehrpraxis sowie Ombudsleuten wurden Ursachen, Gründe und Bedingungen für akademisches Fehlverhalten vorgestellt und erörtert. Die Tagung wurde von der Universitätsbibliothek Mainz in Kooperation mit dem Gutenberg Lehrkolleg veranstaltet.
Auf den Schultern von Bibliotheken / On the shoulders of libraries / Sur les épaules des bibliothèques
Authors: Brandtner Andreas
Published: January 2014

Akademische Integrität ist eine der fundamentalen Bedingungen für den Erfolg wissenschaftlicher Arbeit an Universitäten. Forschende, Lehrende und Studierende sind auf ihre Einhaltung und Förderung hin verpflichtet, um die Qualität universitärer Aktivitäten zu sichern. Der Autor vergegenwärtigt die Rolle und Funktion, die Universitätsbibliotheken bei der Wahrung und Entwicklung von akademischer Integrität an Universitäten übernehmen können. Dabei widmet er sich der grundlegenden Verantwortung von Bibliotheken, den organisatorischen Voraussetzungen, strategischen Zielen und konkreten Handlungsfeldern.
Highly Specific and Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-Catalyzed Homology-Directed Repair in Drosophila
Authors: Gratz Scott J , Ukken Fiona P , Rubinstein C Dustin , Thiede Gene , Donohue Laura K , Cummings Alexander M , O’Connor-Giles Kate M
Published: January 2014

We and others recently demonstrated that the readily programmable CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used to edit the Drosophila genome. However, most applications to date have relied on aberrant DNA repair to stochastically generate frameshifting indels and adoption has been limited by a lack of tools for efficient identification of targeted events. Here we report optimized tools and techniques for expanded application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in Drosophila through homology-directed repair (HDR) with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) donor templates that facilitate complex genome engineering through the precise incorporation of large DNA sequences, including screenable markers. Using these donors, we demonstrate the replacement of a gene with exogenous sequences and the generation of a conditional allele. To optimize efficiency and specificity, we generated transgenic flies that express Cas9 in the germline and directly compared HDR and off-target cleavage rates of different approaches for delivering CRISPR components. We also investigated HDR efficiency in a mutant background previously demonstrated to bias DNA repair toward HDR. Finally, we developed a web-based tool that identifies CRISPR target sites and evaluates their potential for off-target cleavage using empirically rooted rules. Overall, we have found that injection of a dsDNA donor and guide RNA-encoding plasmids into vasa-Cas9 flies yields the highest efficiency HDR and that target sites can be selected to avoid off-target mutations. Efficient and specific CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR opens the door to a broad array of complex genome modifications and greatly expands the utility of CRISPR technology for Drosophila research.