bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on the discomfort of virtual reality glasses: A systematic review
Authors: Antônio Althoff Bolan Giácomo , Pozzebon Eliane , Reis de Sá Júnior Antônio
Published: April 2024

The aim of this article is to present a systematic review of the literature on technological innovations in the use of Virtual Reality glasses and possible discomfort. Based on concepts such as “cybersickness” and “motion sickness”, we will have a starting point for deepening our knowledge of the effects of using virtual reality glasses, such as nausea, headaches and others. The methodology used in this systematic review and bibliometric analysis focused on the discomfort associated with wearing virtual reality (VR) glasses. The research adopted a quantitative analysis of the data and information available on the subject, with the aim of understanding the effects such as nausea, headaches, among others, when using VR glasses. The results obtained in the review addressed various aspects of VR use, including the promise of immersive VR being safe and effective for application in the elderly, with no significant records of symptoms of simulation sickness. The research highlighted the importance of understanding user needs and satisfaction in the process of designing and implementing VR solutions, highlighting how VR can play a significant role in a variety of contexts, from pre-occupancy assessment in the elderly to training and reducing symptoms of kinetosis using VR technologies. In addition, it was investigated whether individual characteristics of balance and tendency to kinetosis are related to vulnerability to cyber sickness, a side effect caused by the use of virtual reality with head-mounted displays. In summary, this systematic review has contributed to the understanding of the discomfort associated with the use of VR glasses, exploring strategies to minimize adverse effects and improve the user experience, with the aim of increasing the adoption of this technology in various areas.
Emergency seek for non-urgency patients - Literature review
Authors: Antonio Schueda Marco , Endler Simioni Debora , Manhães de Oliveira Cavalcante Gabriela , Wengenoski Guilherme , Eduarda Barbosa Karenn , Sescatto Marcella
Published: April 2024

Based on the question of why non-urgent patients seek an Emergency Service (ES), this literature review demonstrated that the problem is not a Brazilian privilege but a global one. Emphasizing the fact that the screening carried out is not based solely on clinical criteria, being influenced by social issues rather than because, for the patient, their problem requires immediate treatment. The lack of accessibility to specialized care, geographical dispersion, distrust due to the deterioration of the doctor-patient relationship, the lack of health education among the population and the culture of immediacy are the main causes of the increase in attendance at hospital emergency services on its own initiative. The definition of "non-urgent" is variable and is generally associated with the individual's economic and social condition, also claiming that going to the emergency room is due to the convenience of being close to where they live and being open 24 hours a day. These consultations (on average, 2/3 of patients do not qualify as urgent) cause harm both to the population that actually needs the ES and to health care providers due to the overcrowding of the system. Its resolution is complex as it ranges from investments in more efficient outpatient care services to raising society's awareness of what an emergency really is.
Otorhinolaryngology and anxiety: A complex interconnection explored based on evidence
Authors: Batista Caixeta Camila , Ribeiro Bocchi Mariana
Published: April 2024

Tinnitus, characterized by the perception of sound in the absence of an external source, often coexists with anxiety disorders, presenting a challenging clinical scenario. This article synthesizes findings from indexed medical journals to elucidate the intrinsic relationship between tinnitus and anxiety. By examining epidemiological data, neurobiological mechanisms and clinical implications, it offers insights into the bidirectional impact of these conditions and highlights the importance of comprehensive management strategies.
Paths of financial decentralization through collegiate management in state public schools in the state of Maranhão - Brazil
Authors: Eliana Alves Lima Maria
Published: April 2024

It includes aspects of collegiate management in the financial decentralization of programs that transfer resources to public schools - especially the Direct Money at School Program - PDDE, correlating this management model to the process of strengthening democratic management. The research sought to understand the conditioning factors involved in the democratic management processes of public schools in the state of Maranhão in terms of community participation in the management of financial resources from the PDDE Program between 2018 and 2020. The methodological perspective is based on field research in schools that have a regulated school cashier in the state public education network in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. The questions that guided the research were aimed at answering how the manager deals with the power of decision over the school's resources, how he manages community participation in the application of resources and how he conceives the dimension of autonomy in the management of resources.
Sensory and physical-chemical analyzes of a gluten-free salt snack: development of a product based on oat flour enriched with chickpeas and carrots
Authors: Shigematsu Elke , Karolina Pereira Ana , Santos Prates Eduarda , Dorta Claudia , Audi Giannoni Juliana , Maria Vasques Farinazzi Machado Flávia , Repetti Leandro , Pedroso de Goes Favoni Silvana , Bonini Pardo Renata , Maria Machado Bueno Otoboni Alda
Published: April 2024

Snacks are practical, quick-to-eat foods that are often included in snacks and small meals and have a major influence on the general population's diet. However, they are not recognized as healthy foods due to their low nutritional properties, excess fat, high calorie content and because they exclude people with celiac disease. This highlights the need to develop projects aimed at producing snacks with superior sensory and palatable characteristics. To meet this demand, a product was developed with the addition of chickpeas, carrots and oat flour, replacing the wheat flour commonly used in existing formulations. This was developed by making a vegetable paste and molding a dough compatible with the typical shapes of these foods. The results of the water activity, humidity and pH analyses showed levels very close to those of snacks sold on supermarket shelves, but the concentration of protein in the product was a major highlight (over 20%), demonstrating that a tasty, convenient product with a long shelf life can have high nutritional values. In the sensory analysis, the product stood out in terms of crunchiness, with the sum of the concepts “I loved it” and “I liked it” being 89.8%, and taste with 87.7%.
NOVAS ESTRATÉGIAS EM FOTOPROTEÇÃO
Authors: Conceição Wemerson Carlos da , Rosa Marcelo Barcellos da , Amaro Marilane de Oliveira Fani , Silva Juliano Rodrigues da , Dias Letícia Alves , Coelho Danrley de Freitas , Oliveira Yasmini Lopes de , Carvalho Camilo Amaro de
Published: April 2024

Bem antes de termos todos os dados epidemiológicos disponíveis atualmente em relação ao dano causado pelos raios UV, nos protegíamos do sol de maneira natural. Por meio de práticas tradicionais como evitar exposição ao sol durante as horas de pico, usar chapéus largos ou guardasol. Hoje, fotoprotetores com o fator deproteção apropriado e espectro de proteção são a base da estratégia para reduzir os danos ocasionados pela radiação ultravioleta (Leccia et al., 2019). Embora, um método padrão-ouro não tenha sido estabelecido para a proteção contra a radiação ultravioleta solar, a melhor escolha tem sido um método que combina a prevenção com a proteção a exposição solar. As formas de proteção contraradiação solar se dão por meio do entendimento do fototipo de cada indivíduo, do usode vestimentas que protegem a pele da exposição direta a radiação UV e dos protetores solares que contenham aspectos orgânicos e inorgânicos combinados. Buscando por meio dessa combinação alcançar um espectro mais amplo de proteçãoUVA e UVB, o que ainda não é observado em muitas marcas comercialmente disponíveis (Gregório et al., 2018).
A silent look at the teaching and learning of belly dance and the stereotype applied to practitioners: An experience report
Authors: Conceição Valkíria Niina Mariano da , Gadelha Jhonatan Gomes
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the benefits of practicing belly dance and explored the phenomenon of prejudice within the teaching of this modality. Using a qualitative review approach, the historical context of belly dance, its relationship with physical education and the teaching/learning process were analyzed. The results showed that belly dance contributes to integral education, promoting the appreciation of life and improving the health and quality of life of practitioners. It was concluded that the body language of dance can be a powerful tool for expressing feelings and emotions, as well as providing a connection with cultural roots and promoting female self-esteem. Thus, prejudice towards belly dancing is unjustified, as it offers an enriching and empowering form of expression.
Monkeypox: re-emerging zoonosis with repercussions on the mental health of the population
Authors: Barba Carmen , Silva de Méndez Chiquinquirá , García Carolina , Carrero Yenddy
Published: April 2024

Introduction: re-emerging diseases, especially zoonoses, represent a public health problem, with a profound impact on global dynamics. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious damage to the physical and mental health of the population, who are still not over the shock provoked, when not very encouraging news appear, a particular outbreak of smallpox known as monkeypox (MPX) that has the health authorities on alert. Objective: to demonstrate the repercussion of zoonoses, especially MPX, on the mental health of the population. Methods: a literature review was carried out following the PRISMA model, for this purpose the MeSH descriptors were entered into the PubMed, Elsevier, Scielo and LILACS search servers in Spanish and English and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Results: 23 studies were obtained, which refer to the impact caused by pandemics on mental health, especially psychosocial disorders, isolation, and economic recession, as well as fear, loneliness, disconnection, and depression. In June 2022, the first case of MPX-related suicide is reported. Conclusions: psychological evaluation is needed in suspected and confirmed cases of MPX, especially those patients admitted to isolation wards, allowing early identification of mental involvement and/or history of mental illness
The Shengen Agreement and European Integration
Authors: Muskaj Blerina
Published: April 2024

Since the conclusion of the Schengen Agreement, the importance of asylum and migration policy for the EU has increased significantly. "Schengen" constitutes an essential element of the freedom of movement formulated by the European Union as the central objective of its policy, i.e. the unrestricted movement of all citizens between EU member states and the freedom of establishment granted therein. Cooperation of EU member states is mainly based on the development of restrictive rules for a common border and visa policy, as well as cooperation to limit asylum immigration. Since the 1990s, tools to improve border controls have mainly consisted of regulations declaring other states “safe third countries” and “safe countries of origin and transit,” making them responsible for asylum procedures. Such regulations have often been supported by treaties with countries of origin or transit, which have not always been willing or able to guarantee human rights. Member states in their domestic policies have extensive debates and disagreements on the direction of asylum policy. While some states want to protect the rights of those seeking protection, others prioritize controlling and limiting immigration. In the early 2000s, the EU decided on minimum standards for national asylum legislation and asylum procedures, not in the interests of those seeking protection, but mainly to prevent those seeking protection from moving to find better conditions in other countries according to very different standards. . However, minimum standards have remained limited by national discretion, so differences in procedures and benefits afforded to recognized asylum seekers and refugees remain extremely wide.
 
Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024
Juveniles Between Crime and Justice
Authors: Shehdula Mirseda , Musaraj Joniada
Published: April 2024

In this study, is discussed the relationship between young people and their possibility to commit crimes. It is also studied what are the determining factors that show that a special category of young people is more predisposed to commit crimes. It has been seen that the role of the parent is more important and that together with social policies, criminal offenses by young people can be prevented. Criminal acts must be suppressed, condemned, and punished. Nevertheless, children and adolescents who commit criminal acts must be educated and supported in a growth process that should be the objective of government policy for all young people, including young offenders. The study seeks to prove that vices such as drugs, alcohol and illegal gambling are among the main factors that lead a young person to commit a crime. The study was carried out using the quantitative and qualitative method of scientific research.
 
Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024
INVESTIGASI EFEKTIVITAS HEAT EXCHANGER STRAIGHT TUBE DOUBLE V-CUT TWIST TAPE INSERT MEMANFAATKAN GAS BUANG MENGATASI ICING KARBURATOR PISTON ENGINE
Authors: Nur Fauzan Khafidien
Published: April 2024

Mesin piston adalah jenis mesin yang menggunakan mechanism piston sebagai kompone utamanya. Cara kerja dare mesin ini melibatkan pembakaran bahan bakar demean senyawa hidrokarbon ataupun hidrogen untuk mendorong piston. Adapun salah satu dari komponen penting dalam mesin piston adalah karburator, yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengatur perbandingan udara serta bahan bakar, mengontrol performa mesin, serta mencampurkan bahan bakar dan juga udara untuk membentuk campuran yang dapat terbakar menjadi energi gerak. Pesawat yang dilengkapi dengan mesin piston dapat mencapai ketinggian penerbangan hingga 12.000 kaki atau sekitar 3657,6 meter.
Penelitian yang dilakukan ini menggunakan proses metode sederhana eksperimental dengan pembuatan prototipe dan simulasi penukar panas yang memanfaatkan pembuangan dari mesin genset untuk mencegah pembekuan pada karburator mesin piston. Salah satu komponen yang dianalisis adalah generator vortex dengan pengaturan khusus, yaitu Double V-Cut Twist Tape Insert.
Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan atau pertambahan bentuk generator vortex, di dalam dari pipa lurus, dapat menghasilkan aliran udara turbulen dan meningkatkan transfer panas ke medium yang lebih dingin, dalam hal ini udara di dalam shell, sambil memaksimalkan penghantaran panas dari fluida ber-temperatur tinggi pada gas buang. Sebaliknya dari kondisi tersebut, penyerapan panas maksimum terjadi pada fluida ber-temperatur rendah di dalam shell. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa modifikasi pada generator vortex, terutama dengan penggunaan Double V-Cut Twist Tape Insert, dapat mempengaruhi koefisien transfer panas keseluruhan (Uo) sebesar 0% pada Twist 3, 4% pada Twist 4, dan 23% pada Twist 5. Terdapat penurunan tekanan (∆P) sebesar 0% pada Twist 3, -22,0% pada Twist 4, dan 21% pada Twist 5, serta efektivitas (ε) penukar panas pada Twist 3 sebesar 0,0%, Twist 4 sebesar -0,9%, dan Twist 5 sebesar -5,9%.
The Multidimensionality of the Harmony in Sergei Rachmaninoff’s Compositions Written in Large-Scale Forms: The Experience of Analysis of the Third Piano Concerto
Authors:   Gnesin Russian Academy of Music, Aleev Vitaly V.
Published: April 2024

The piano concerto was one of the genres that accumulated important stylistic traits in Sergei Rachmaninoff’s music. The significant compositional scale, the breadth and the multidimensionality of the musical content make it possible to observe within its limits the diverse phenomena of the harmonic language. The author of the article examines the peculiarities of the composer’s thinking by the example of the Third Piano Concerto, laying emphasis on the specificity of the organization of the tonal plan, the harmonic functionality, the chordal structure, etc. The innovative features of the composer’s harmonies discussed in the article are connected with the processes of differentiation within the large-scale sound model. Extended tonality appears through a multitude of local tonal states (a term coined by Yuri Kholopov) that make it possible to determine its inner dynamics. Along with the extended functional tonality of the majorminor mode, the other types of states of tonality marked out are the multivalent, the wavering, the dismounted, and a few additional types of states of tonality. These most important particular features make it possible to look anew at the style of Rachmaninoff’s large-scale compositions.
Evaluating the Performance of Voting Classifier in Multiclass Classification of Dry Bean Varieties
Authors: Adi Pratama I Putu , Jullev Atmadji Ery Setiyawan , Purnamasar Dwi Amalia , Faizal Edi
Published: April 2024

This study explores the application of a voting classifier, integrating Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and Gaussian Naive Bayes models, for the multiclass classification of dry bean varieties. Utilizing a dataset comprising 13,611 images of dry bean grains, captured through a high-resolution computer vision system, we extracted 16 features to train and test the classifier. Through a rigorous 5-fold cross-validation process, we assessed the model's performance, focusing on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The results demonstrated significant variability in the classifier's performance across different data subsets, with accuracy rates fluctuating between 31.23% and 96.73%. This variability highlights the classifier's potential under specific conditions while also indicating areas for improvement. The research contributes to the agricultural informatics field by showcasing the effectiveness and challenges of using ensemble learning methods for crop variety classification, a crucial task for enhancing agricultural productivity and food security. Recommendations for future research include exploring additional features to improve model generalization, extending the dataset for broader applicability, and comparing the voting classifier's performance with other ensemble methods or advanced machine learning models. This study underscores the importance of machine learning in advancing agricultural classification tasks, paving the way for more efficient and accurate crop sorting and grading processes.
Leveraging K-Nearest Neighbors for Enhanced Fruit Classification and Quality Assessment
Authors: Iwan Sudipa I Gede , Azdy Rezania Agramanisti , Arfiani Ika , Setiohardjo Nicodemus Mardanus , Sumiyatun
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the application of the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm for fruit classification and quality assessment, aiming to enhance agricultural practices through machine learning. Employing a comprehensive dataset that encapsulates various fruit attributes such as size, weight, sweetness, crunchiness, juiciness, ripeness, acidity, and quality, the research leverages a 5-fold cross-validation method to ensure the reliability and generalizability of the KNN model's performance. The findings reveal that the KNN algorithm demonstrates high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score across all metrics, indicating its efficacy in classifying fruits and predicting their quality accurately. These results not only validate the algorithm's potential in agricultural applications but also align with existing research on machine learning's capability to tackle complex classification problems. The study's discussions extend to the practical implications of implementing a KNN-based model in the agricultural sector, highlighting the possibility of revolutionizing quality control and inventory management processes. Moreover, the research contributes to the field by confirming the hypothesis regarding the effectiveness of KNN in agricultural settings and lays the foundation for future explorations that could integrate multiple machine learning techniques for enhanced outcomes. Recommendations for subsequent studies include expanding the dataset and exploring algorithmic synergies, aiming to further the advancements in agricultural technology and machine learning applications.
RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Грицинская Вера Людвиговна
Published: April 2024

В лекции представлены анатомо-физиологические предпосылки возникновения, этиопатогенетические механизмы и медико-социальные факторы риска формирования рекуррентной респираторной патологии у детей разного возраста. Описаны возможности профилактики хронических заболеваний и реабилитационных мероприятий у детей с рекуррентными респираторными инфекциями.

The lecture presents the anatomical and physiological prerequisites for the occurrence, etiopathogenetic mechanisms and medical and social risk factors for the formation of recurrent respiratory pathology in children of diff erent ages. The possibilities for the prevention of chronic diseases and rehabilitation measures in children with recurrent respiratory infections are described.
DOCTOR OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, PROFESSOR KONSTANTIN ALBERTOVICH SHAPOVALOV IS 70 YEARS OLD
Authors: Тентюкова А.А.
Published: April 2024

14 марта 2024 года врачу-исследователю, доктору медицинских наук, профессору Константину Альбертовичу Шаповалову исполняется 70 лет.

On March 14, 2024, the research doctor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Konstantin Albertovich Shapovalov turns 70 years old.
Age group‐specific changes in keratinocyte cancer treatment rates in Australia, 2012–2021: a retrospective cohort study based on MBS claims data
Authors: Olsen Catherine M , Pandeya Nirmala , Neale Rachel E , Whiteman David C
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To examine recent changes in the numbers of Medicare‐subsidised keratinocyte cancer excisions, particularly for younger people exposed to primary prevention campaigns since the early 1980s.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study; analysis of administrative data.

Setting, participants

Analysis of Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) claims data for procedures related to the diagnosis and treatment of keratinocyte cancer in Australia, 2012–2021.

Main outcome measures

Age‐standardised rates for MBS‐subsidised claims for first surgical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) excisions, Mohs surgery, surgical excisions of benign lesions, skin biopsies, and cryotherapy or serial curettage of premalignant and malignant lesions, overall, and by sex, state/territory, and age group; average annual percentage change in rate for time intervals determined by joinpoint regression.

Results

In men, the age‐standardised rate of BCC/SCC excisions increased by 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–2.4%) per year during 2012–2019 (from 2931 to 3371 per 100 000 men) and then declined by 3.8% (95% CI, 0.5–7.0%) per year during 2019–2021 (to 3152 per 100 000). In women, the age‐standardised rate increased by 2.2% (95% CI, 1.7–2.8%) per year during 2012–2019 (from 1798 to 2093 per 100 000 women); the decline to 1967 excisions per 100 000 women in 2021 was not statistically significant. BCC/SCC excision rates declined for men under 55 years of age (by 1.0–3.4% per year) and women under 45 years of age (by 1.7–2.3% per year). Age‐standardised biopsy rates increased during 2012–2021 in all age groups (by 2.8–6.9% per year).

Conclusions

Rates of MBS‐subsidised treatment for keratinocyte cancers increased during 2012–2019, but BCC/SCC treatment rates declined among younger Australians, who have probably been exposed to less sunlight than earlier generations because of public health interventions and population‐wide lifestyle changes related to technology use.
The impact of procurement strategies on supply chain sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry
Authors:   Faculty of Business Administration, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan, Asif Kahkshan , Albherat Kamaruzaman ,   School of Business, Lebanese International University, Yemen
Published: April 2024

In today's society, there is a major role that procurement is playing in sustainability because of great requirements and demand for improvement in some supply chain processes and procurement practices. It helps in making rational decisions that encompass economic, social, and environmental parts of society. Corporate sustainability requires such abilities to impact external firms in the process of supply chain. In the Economic advancement markers worldwide, public and neighbourhood levels advance sustainability approaches are advised, as they represent the advancement in the supply chain process. By implementing procurement strategies in the pharmaceutical industry elements of supply chain sustainability can improve environmental, social a financial impact on society. It is a cross-sectional study. The present study was conducted in the urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan. Data collection will be through questionnaires and surveys. It is designed for information collection so it can be used to determine the improvement and impact of sustainability on procurement strategies in supply chain sustainability.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF THE PILOT PROGRAM OF SHISHU BIKASH KENDRA
Authors:   Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Chowdhury S. M. Zahedul Islam , Mannan M. A.
Published: April 2024

The distressed/street children are deprived of the basic necessities of life, such as food, shelter, clothing, healthcare, and other supports – psychological and others, needed for a child. The government initiated six Shishu Bikash Kendra (SBKs) to improve the environment for street children, their quality of life, and future prospects. Bangladesh Shishu Academy (BSA), under the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (MoWCA), has designed a holistic model that will directly reach 1,500 children (250 under each SBK) and promote their education, livelihood opportunities, healthcare, and protection. SBK, being implemented by BSA, aims to improve the quality of life of these deprived children by providing accommodation and food with a major focus on education and training. This study examines the process of targeting and selecting children and assesses the situation of children living in the SBK. The major problem faced by the SBK children is accommodation, including access to bath and toilet facilities. In addition to limited floor space, most of the SBKs do not have adequate bathrooms and latrines. It is very important for the SBKs to have their own buildings with adequate bath and toilet facilities. The selection process may be changed as there is provision to accommodate more children. The number of children staying should be increased by changing the selection process (for example, collecting children from slums/remote areas). A protective environment is pivotal to governments’ commitment to ensuring that no child is deprived of the material, spiritual, and emotional resources needed to achieve their potential so that they can participate as full and equal members of society. BSA should make efforts to provide children with the necessary skill/vocational training and other assistance to ensure job prospects for them by networking with different government departments/agencies so that they can participate in income-earning activities and be capable of supporting themselves and become useful members of the society.
BIOLOGICAL POTENCY OF CERTAIN PLANT EXTRACTS IN MANAGEMENT OF TWO LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS OF RICINUS COMMUNIS L.
Authors:   Biology and Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Taranaka, Hyderabad-500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India, Devanand Peta , Usha Rani Pathipati ,   Biology and Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Taranaka, Hyderabad-500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Antifeedant and toxic effects of leaf extracts of Syzygium cumini L., Ocimum basilicum L., Luffa aegyptica Mill., Eichhornia crassipes Mart., Tamarindus indica L., Terminalia catappa L., Limonia acidissima L., Murraya koenigii L., Breynia retusa (Dennst.)., Jatropha curcas L., Tectona grandis L., Momordica charantia L., Mangifera indica L., Ricinus communis L., and the seed extract of Madhuca indica Gmelin., were evaluated in the laboratory and the results were reported. The crude acetone extracts were tested against the third instar larvae of two lepidopteran pests i.e. the tobacco cut worm, Spodoptera litura Fab. and the castor semilooper, Achaea janata L. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Antifeedant activity of the extracts was assessed through leaf disc choice tests. The leaf extracts of M. charantia, T. grandis, M. indica and T. indica exhibited strong antifeedant activity (> 85%) in leaf disc bioassays at a dosage of 100-mg/ 21cm2. Test extracts of T. grandis, M. indica and M. charantia produced higher toxicity (> 80%) to S. litura and A. janata at 20-100 mg/21 cm²/ larva doses were applied, and LD50 values of (47.85- 72.60 mg/21 cm²). The acetone extracts of M. charantia, T. grandis and M. indica were found to exhibit both feeding deterrent and toxic activities. The other plants which were tested had moderate effects towards these pests. Based on their feeding deterrent and toxic properties, some of these plant extracts have potential for use as alternative crop protectants against certain pest species.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON PHOMOPSIS AZADIRACHTAE CAUSING DIE-BACK OF NEEM
Authors:   Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, Maharani’s Science College for Women, JLB Road, Mysuru - 570 005, Karnataka, India., K Girish , Kousar Fathima Syeda ,   Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, Maharani’s Science College for Women, JLB Road, Mysuru - 570 005, Karnataka, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Phomopsis azadirachtae is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes die-back of neem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of five essential oils on the growth of Phomopsis azadirachtae isolated from die-back infected neem twigs. The poisoned food method was used to test the antifungal activity of essential oils against P. azadirachtae at 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm concentrations. Except cinnamon oil all other oils tested viz., basil oil, camphor oil, lavender oil and rose oil completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen at 400 ppm concentration. At 300 ppm concentration all the five essentials oils inhibited the phytotoxin production by P. azadirachtae
BIOACTIVITY OF CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA, CITRUS LIMON AND PIPER NIGRUM ESSENTIAL OILS ON CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COLEOPTERA:BRUCHIDAE)
Authors:   Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, Boodram Rayanna , Khan Ayub ,   Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT In the current study Callosobruchus maculatus adults were exposed to essential oils of Citrus limon, Citrus aurantifolia and Piper nigrum and the contact mortality, repellency, fumigation effects and oviposition deterrent activities of each oil were determined over a 72h period. After 72h, 50% mortality of C. maculatus adults was observed for C. limon at a concentration of < 1.56 µL/mL, for C. aurantifolia at a concentration between 12.5–25.0 µL/mL and for P. nigrum the concentration causing 50% mortality was 1.56 µL/mL. All oils tested displayed some level of repellency to C. maculatus after 12h and 24h. C. aurantifolia essential oil at concentrations above 6.25µL/mLwere classified as a Class IV repellent, while P. nigrum was classified as a Class IV repellent at 25.0 and 50.0 µL/mL at 24h post application and a Class V repellent only at 50.0 µL/mL at 12h. The results of the 50% fumigant mortality (FC50) indicated that P. nigrum essential oil was the most toxic fumigant (FC50 = 0.140µL/L air) among the three oils tested. Black pepper oil also took the shortest time (FT50 = 7.71h) to cause 50% mortality to a population of C. maculatus.The anti-oviposition effects reveals that both C. limon and C. aurantifolia gave relatively low DQ values at all concentrations. At 25.0 and 50.0 µL/mL, C. aurantifolia had higher values (0.62 and 0.64 respectively). However, apart from the lowest concentration, P. nigrum essential oil consistently gave high DQ values indicating its potential in preventing egg laying on Cajanus cajan seeds. Thus, the use of these essential oils can be considered as alternatives to the use of synthetic insecticides for management of C. maculatus
SELECTION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM SHALLOT THAT POTENTIAL AS ENTOMOPATHOGENS ON TENEBRIO MOLITOR AND SPODOPTERA LITURA LARVAE
Authors:   Plant Pest and Disease Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. Limau Manis Campus, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Trizelia Trizelia , Rahma Haliatur ,   Plant Pest and Disease Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. Limau Manis Campus, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Martinius Martinius ,   Plant Pest and Disease Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. Limau Manis Campus, Padang 25163, West Sumatra
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Endophytic fungi are fungi that that live inside healthy plant tissues without causing diseases which can be used as biological control agents of shallot pests. The purpose of this study was to obtain types of endophytic fungi that are pathogenic to Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura larvae (entomopathogens). Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy plant (roots, bulbs, stems, and leaves) using Malt Extract Agar (MEA) medium. The pathogenicity test of the isolated endophytic fungus was carried out on the larvae of Tenebrio molitor and Spodoptera litura. The results showed that out of the 34 isolates tested; only eight isolates (23.52%) were entomopathogenic. Pathogenic nature is indicates the presence of mycosis symptoms in T. molitor larvae. The mortality of T. molitor larvae after the application of endophytic fungi ranged from 5.0 – 17.5%. These isolates are also pathogenic to S. litura larvae, but the mortality ranged from 8-56%. The endophytic fungus that is pathogenic to insect (entomopathogen) belong to Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Trichoderma.
Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses Support the Unidimensionality of the Arabic Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand
Authors: Alnahdi Ali H.
Published: April 2024

The objective of this investigation was to assess the structural validity of the Arabic Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) in individuals suffering from upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, utilizing both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A group of participants with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders attending physical therapy clinics were recruited. Upon their initial visit to physical therapy, participants were requested to complete the Arabic versions of the QuickDASH, as well as the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. In order to determine the number of factors, parallel analysis was employed in the EFA, while maximum likelihood was utilized for extraction. The fit of the model identified using EFA was subsequently examined using CFA, incorporating multiple fit indices. The outcomes of the EFA indicated the existence of a one-factor structure, accounting for a considerable 50.22% of the total variance. It was observed that all of the QuickDASH items displayed loadings on the single factor, with values ranging from 0.35 to 0.77. However, the multiple fit indices obtained from the CFA did not provide sufficient support for the fit of the initially proposed unidimensional structure. The data showed good fit to the unidimensional model after adding error covariance: chi-square = 100.52 [degrees of freedom (df) = 40,
P < 0.001], chi-square/df = 2.51, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.94, comparative fit index = 0.95, root mean square error of approximation = 0.077 [90% confidence interval (CI) = 0.058-0.096], and standardized root mean residual = 0.048. Ultimately, the findings from the EFA provided evidence supporting the unidimensionality of the Arabic QuickDASH, while the CFA supported the unidimensionality of the QuickDASH after addressing the issue of local dependency between some scale items.
Ensino da Adequação à LGPD no Desenvolvimento de Software através da Aprendizagem Ativa e Centrada no Discente
Authors: Saraiva Juliana , Araújo Juliana , Soares Sérgio
Published: April 2024

As abordagens de ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos de Engenharia de Software precisam aproximar a teoria da prática e assim, metodologias ativas e centradas no discente vêm sendo propostas e avaliadas. Ademais, demandas legislativas impõem, multidisciplinarmente, teorias, métodos e técnicas que abordem o desenvolvimento de software seguro, conforme prevê a LGPD que exige que o desenvolvimento de produtos e soluções de software considerem a privacidade de dados pessoais desde a concepção e incorpore esta prática durante toda a vida do software: Princípios de Privacy by Design e Privacy by Default. Este trabalho realizou um experimento com 142 discentes de graduação que produziram 947 artefatos ágeis – Estórias de Usuário e Cenários BDD - a partir do Inventário de Dados LGPD. Foi possível concluir que a Aprendizagem Significativa, o Pensamento Computacional e a Aprendizagem baseada em Problemas demonstraram-se apropriadas no ensino de requisitos legais para a Engenharia de Software.
The Relationship between University Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Responsibility Concepts: The Comparison of Saudi Arabian and Turkish Cases
Authors: Almawi Jamlaa
Published: April 2024

The concept of university social responsibility (USR) is getting increasingly interrelated with the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) because universities are key institutions for promoting private sector businesses, creating social capital, and supporting innovations. Since USR is important in promoting economic development, any CSR program that is supported by USR, the effectiveness of CSR programs gets higher because of its support for the society and environment becomes more sustainable by making the support more ethical, resourceful, and responsible. Furthermore, the incorporation of USR into CSR will lead to more profitable companies because the brand images of these companies will be stronger. This chapter first introduces the concept of USR, and it then explains the relationships between USR and CSR by utilizing the comparative case study method. The case of Saudi Arabia revealed that there is a healthy USR-CSR cooperation in the country, promising a better future for the development in Saudi Arabia. On the other hand, the case for Türkiye depicted that the support for USR-CSR cooperation is decreasing, indicating the possibility of negative impacts on the society in the near future.
Would Non-coding RNA Resolve the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Puzzle?
Authors: Alhamdan Rana
Published: April 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine heterogeneous reproductive disorder. This metabolic disease affects around 5–10% of women and accounts for 75% of anovulatory infertility all over the world. The complexity of the disease as manifested by the involvement of multiple underlying mechanisms and the lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers, make it difficult to timely manage and treat the disease. Remarkably, genetic, epigenetics, and environmental variations may contribute considerably to the pathogenicity of PCOS. Recent investigations indicated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) were involved in the occurrence and development of PCOS. Thus, this chapter aimed to summarize the current knowledge around the expression and dysregulation of ncRNA in human PCOS.
Towards an understanding of resurgent measles outbreaks in Kismayo, Somalia: A mixed method investigation of measles burden and vaccination coverage during a 2020-2021 measles outbreak
Authors: DK Lau , S Seebacher , AM Abdi , S Bishar , MB Nur , E Gignoux
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Kismayo is a city in southern Somalia and the capital of Jubaland State. In 2020, the Jubaland State Ministry of Health (MoH) recorded 1094 measles cases: an 8.2-fold increase from 2019. This study sought to estimate measles disease burden and measles vaccination coverage during the 2020-2021 outbreak, while further identifying key barriers and facilitators to measles vaccination and care.

METHODS
We utilised a sequential mixed-method approach with two phases of data collection. Phase one involved a cross-sectional household survey with a standard questionnaire while phase two included key informant interviews and focus group discussions with community members, health care workers and vaccination program administrators.

RESULTS
Of 6664 individuals, 338 measles cases were recorded during the two-year recall period, giving an attack rate of 5% (95%CI:4-5). 17 measles deaths were reported, giving a case fatality ratio of 4% (95%CI:2-6). Measles-specific mortality was 0.04 deaths/day/10000 population (95%CI:0.02-0.05). Initially, 50% of vaccine-eligible children had one or more doses of measles containing vaccine (MCV) and this rose to 69% by the end of the recall period. Thematic analysis led to the grouping of qualitative data into two overarching themes: sociocultural factors and health system factors. Regarding sociocultural factors, respondents gave insights on community measles knowledge and care practices, social responsibility for prevention, security challenges and measles-related rumours. Regarding health system factors, respondents spoke about challenges with health service management and shortcomings in the implementation of the expanded programme on immunisation (EPI) and mass vaccination campaigns.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that measles represents a serious health burden for the Kismayo population and that MCV coverage is well below the 95% target for herd immunity. We recommend developing a population-specific approach to risk communication and community engagement, expanding measles care, increasing accessibility for EPI services in health facilities and mobile clinics, and developing improved programmatic strategies for mass vaccination campaigns.
Probiotiques chez les enfants avec malnutrition aiguë sévère non compliquée (PRUSAM): Un essai contrôlé randomisé en République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: R Mbusa Kambale , J Ntagerwa Ntagazibwa , J Bwija Kasengi , A Burume Zigashane , I Nancy Francisca , B Ntaligeza Mashukano , G Amani Ngaboyeka , E Bahizire , F Zech , LB Bindels , D Van der Linden
Published: April 2024

CONTEXTE
La malnutrition aigüe sévère (MAS) contribue annuellement au décès d’un million d’enfants. Les diarrhées et la pneumonie sont les principales morbidités associées à ces décès.

OBJECTIFS
Évaluer les effets des probiotiques sur la diarrhée, la pneumonie et la récupération nutritionnelle des enfants avec MAS non compliquée.

METHODS
Essai randomisé contrôlé en double aveugle contre placebo incluant 400 nourrissons avec MAS non compliquée, assignés aléatoirement aux Aliments Thérapeutiques Prêts à l'Emploi (ATPE) avec (n=200) ou sans (n=200) probiotiques. Ils ont reçu quotidiennement 1 ml d'un mélange de Lacticasebacillus rhamnosus GG et Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (dosage, 109 Unités Formant Colonies ; 50:50) ou un placebo pendant un mois. Ils ont aussi été alimentés simultanément avec les ATPE pendant 6-12 semaines, dépendant de leur moment de guérison. Le résultat primaire était la durée de diarrhée. Les résultats secondaires étaient l'incidence des diarrhées et des pneumonies, la récupération nutritionnelle et le transfert en hospitalisation.

RÉSULTATS
Chez les nourrissons avec diarrhée, le nombre de jours de diarrhées était plus faible dans le groupe probiotique (4.11 ; IC 95% : 3.37, 4.51) comparativement au groupe placebo (6.68 ; IC à 95 % : 6.26, 7.13 ; p < 0.001). Chez les nourrissons de 16 mois et plus, le risque de diarrhée était plus faible dans le groupe probiotique (75.6 % ; IC 95 % : 66.2, 82.9) comparativement au groupe placebo (95.0 % ; IC 95 % : 88.2, 97.9 ; p < 0.001), sans différence significative chez les nourrissons plus jeunes. L’incidence de la pneumonie était similaire dans les deux groupes. La récupération nutritionnelle était plus précoce dans le groupe probiotique comparativement au groupe placebo.

CONCLUSIONS
Cet essai soutient l'utilisation des probiotiques dans le traitement de MAS non compliquée. Leurs effets sur la diarrhée ont un potentiel d’impact positif sur les programmes nutritionnels dans les régions à ressources limitées.
Collective adaptive learning on integrating the care pathway for vulnerable infants under 6 months of age and their mothers in South Sudan
Authors: M Traore-Hebie , A Nasira Boi , M Poni Jackson , N Sasa , D Wendo , K Dearden , H Deconinck
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Globally, one in four infants is born too small or too early and is therefore at increased risk of poor growth and development, ill-health and death. In South Sudan, vulnerability is further exacerbated by recurring conflict and climatic shocks. Five primary healthcare facilities across four States introduced the integrated care pathway (ICP) for small and nutritionally at-risk infants and their mothers (MAMI), ensuring continuity of mother-infant-centred care. This study explored the acceptability of the ICP among care providers and care users.

METHODS
A mixed-method study followed a cohort of 521 infant-mother pairs at moderate risk from October 2022 to December 2023 until the infant reached 6 months. The ICP involved screening for vulnerability in both the community and health facility, assessing and classifying risk, and tailoring care to address physical health, mental health, nutritional and socio- economic factors of both infants and their mothers. Acceptability and adherence of the ICP was appraised based on experienced cognitive, socio-economic, and emotional responses from 20 health workers and 30 enrolled mothers interviewed.

RESULTS
Most of the 521 moderate-risk pairs receiving care (84%) no longer showed risk factors (defined as recovered) at the end of care. Mothers’ adherence to returning for scheduled follow-up visits was low (56%). Facilitators included improved care for their infant, facilitated access to healthcare, supportive environment for adopting healthy behaviours. Barriers included not understanding vulnerability and health monitoring, long waiting time at the health facility, not receiving tangible items compared to other services, transportation challenges and conflicting messages within the healthcare system and from the family context. Among health workers, the acceptability of the ICP was enabled by early care for a neglected population and hampered by more and longer consultations not part of regular duties using lengthy assessment forms. The collaborative learning system engaged health workers in improving quality of care, adapting implementation modalities to the local health system, and addressing barriers early.

CONCLUSIONS
Collective adaptive learning on implementing the ICP contributed to understanding barriers to implementation and addressing risk factors for vulnerable infants and their mothers early. Context-specific and generalizable learning will inform policy guidance.