bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
iBus
Authors: Oldfield James , Dassanayake Wajira , Kearns Nick
Published: July 2024

Wireless mobile devices (WMD) introduced in the first year of a tertiary business education programme at a tertiary institute in Auckland gave students the opportunity to experience mobile authentic learning as part of an initiative called iBus. Students were provided course material in an interactive iBook format, encouraged to engage in collaboration through authentic activities and utilised the device’s capability for a range of study related tasks. Their responses to this experience were recorded by anonymous online survey at the end of the semester. Responses were positive with high use rates recorded for students accessing course material (91% used ibooks) and lower yet positive rates (67%) for interactive use of the WMD in class. This paper reports on the initiative to date and the feedback provided by students on its impact upon their learning experience.
Three good reasons to understand the research impact of a technology-enabled initiative
Authors: Doyle Joanne , Farley Helen , Keppell Mike , Cuthill Michael , McDonald Lisa
Published: July 2024

The real-world impact of research is gaining much attention across the international Higher Education sector. Funding agencies, government organisations and community groups are seeking evidence that research initiatives are delivering impact beyond contributions to academia. Researchers, practitioners, educators, learning designers and developers require a good understanding of research impact, and associated terminology, to articulate the real-world benefits of technology-enabled initiatives. There are three good reasons to understand research impact in a Higher Education context. Firstly, comprehending the language of research impact facilitates meaningful discussion with research stakeholders. Secondly, recognising and communicating the real-world impact of an initiative affirms the ‘so what’ factor of a research project. And thirdly, demonstrating research impact, rather than reporting research outputs, is becoming more important in funding applications and project documentation. This paper concludes with a brief review of assessment frameworks developed to evaluate the real-world impact of Higher Education research.
A radically usage-based, collostructional approach to assessing the differences between negative modal contractions and their parent forms
Authors: Daugs Robert , Lorenz David
Published: July 2024

Starting from the premise that English negative modal contractions constitute partly variable patterns of associations that include both the preceding subject and the following verb infinitive, the study sets out to investigate distributional differences between can’t, shouldn’t, and won’t and their corresponding uncontracted parent forms. Given that some configurations are assumed to correlate with specific modal meanings (e.g. inanimate subjects and stative verbs > ‘epistemic prediction’; first person subjects > ‘(un)willingness’ or ‘commissive modality’), roughly 200,000 trigrams from COCA are submitted to distinctive covarying collexeme analysis in order to uncover if these contractions and their full forms are conventionalized and entrenched differentially enough to merit their separate treatment on both conceptual and methodological grounds. The results point to probabilistic tendencies, suggesting a cline where won’t and can’t appear to be more emancipated from their respective full-form analogue than shouldn’t. Furthermore, the study showcases how collostructional methods can be applied fruitfully to case studies embedded in Schmid’s (Schmid, Hans-Jörg. 2020. The dynamics of the linguistic system: Usage, conventionalization, and entrenchment. Oxford: Oxford University Press) Entrenchment and Conventionalization Model.
Metall des Todes – F. H. Achermanns

Der Schatz des Pfahlbauers als alternative Ursprungserzählung der Schweiz
Authors: Fehlmann Meret
Published: July 2024

Seit ihrer Entdeckung in der Schweiz im Winter 1853/1854 spielten die Pfahlbauer eine bedeutende Rolle für das nationale Selbstverständnis des wenige Jahre zuvor entstandenen Staates, indem sie sich als tugendsame und arbeitsame Vorfahren des Schweizer Volkes deuten ließen und so eine einigende Funktion gegen Innen hatten. Der Beitrag besichtigt diesen Mythos der Pfahlbauer als idealisierte Vorfahren. Das Hauptgewicht liegt auf einer Analyse von F. H. Achermanns Der Schatz des Pfahlbauers (1920), um das von wissenschaftlichen Narrativen wie von sozialen und kulturellen Systemen durchzogene Bedeutungsgeflecht des Romans im Hinblick auf National- und Genderdiskurse des frühen zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts zu beleuchten, wobei vergleichend weitere Quellen wie K. Keller-Tarnuzzers Die Inselleute vom Bodensee (1935) oder J. Bührers Theaterstück Die Pfahlbauer (1932) beigezogen werden.
Application of a three-laser optical digital interferometry in a thermogravitational analysis for binary and ternary mixtures
Authors: Errarte Ane , Sanjuan Antton , Mialdun Aliaksandr , Alonso Marcos , Andonegui Imanol , Shevtsova Valentina , Bou-Ali M. Mounir
Published: July 2024

We discuss the application of the three-laser optical digital interferometry method for the determination of transport properties such as the thermodiffusion, the molecular diffusion and the Soret coefficients by the thermogravitational column technique. The primary objective of this study is to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of the method for quantifying these properties in both binary and ternary liquid mixtures from an optical viewpoint. It is concluded that the system is highly robust for the analysis of binary mixtures, with the combination of the results obtained by the three wavelengths increasing the accuracy of the measurement. The study of ternary mixtures, on the contrary, is limited to certain types of conditions. While the accuracy of a three-laser interferometer can be improved, the method may be compromised if the optical contrast factor matrices are poorly conditioned.
On Individualistic Facts and Haecceitism
Authors: Bigaj Tomasz
Published: July 2024

The debate between individualism and generalism (qualitativism) concerns the status of individualistic facts and their relations with qualitative facts. It is argued that a proper definition of individualistic facts should be a modal one, and moreover that it requires the assumption of haecceitism for its adequacy, contrary to the common belief. Consequently, the positions of individualism and generalism are dependent upon the more fundamental stances of haecceitism and anti-haecceitism in the metaphysics of modality de re.
Treatment of secondary fiber papermaking wastewater with aerobic granular sludge cultured in a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor
Authors: Fu Qixin , Lei Lirong , Wang Caimeng , Hou Yi
Published: July 2024

Secondary fiber papermaking wastewater (SPW) has received increasing interest because of its enormous discharge, typical high COD, and low biodegradability. The dense and compact structure of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) results in a high sludge concentration in the sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor (SBBGR), which provides superior conditions for the treatment of highly concentrated wastewater. This study constructed an SBBGR to treat SPW, investigated the changes in the species and structural characteristics of pollutants during wastewater treatment, and analyzed the dominant populations that can degrade pollutants in the SPW. The results showed that SBBGR had a good treatment effect on SPW and the removal rates of COD, TN, TP, SS, and color were 90.3 %, 81.9 %, 85.2 %, 73.1 %, and 75.1 % respectively with the influent organic load of 8.1 kg COD m−3 d−1, which was attributed to its outstanding biodegradability. The types and quantities of aromatic compounds in SPW were significantly reduced, according to the results of FTIR, UV–vis, and GC-MS. Microbial community analysis showed that the presence of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Macellibacteroides, Chlorobium, and Brachymonas in the SBBGR was responsible for the outstanding biodegradation of pollutants in the SPW. In summary, the treatment of SPW with SBBGR is extremely promising for applications.
Impact of proximity of hard and soft segment on IR frequency of carbamate links correlating the mechanical properties of surface-functionalized fly ash–reinforced polyurethane composites
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Paridwal Yogesh , Sharma Shikha , Rani Ashu , Sharma Shobhana , Sharma Sushil K.
Published: July 2024

Polyurethane composites synthesized by interaction of fly ash filler with polyether polyol, cross-linking agent, and curing agent in a certain ratio. The study’s findings show that the mechanical properties of polyurethane composite are lowered by the hydroxyl moieties of surface-functionalized fly ash that are chemically or physically linked. The study also reveals that prior subjecting the samples of surface-functionalized fly ash–reinforced polyurethane composite material for destructive analysis by UTM for evaluating mechanical properties. The in-depth study of the IR spectroscopy data of the composites is done focusing onto the stretching frequency of carbonyl group of carbamate links the trend in mechanical behavior of the samples, the number of fly ash–carbamate links, and proximity of HS–SS (hard segment–soft segment) of fly ash–reinforced polyurethane composites can be foretold. By a detailed analysis of the patterns of carbonyl stretching frequencies of carbamate links, one can gain insight into the microphasic level of the separation and proximity of hard and soft segments in composites, which govern their mechanical properties. The relationships between carbamate carbonyl stretching frequencies and mechanical characteristics of composites have been found to be inversely correlated. In order to offset the excess hydroxyl group contribution due to OH-loaded fly ash, as indicated by the isocyanate (NCO) peak intensity (2,240–2,280 cm−1) in the composite’s infrared spectra, the studies were conducted at a higher index ratio (1.64).
Analytical methods, source, concentration, and human risks of microplastics: a review
Authors: Zheng Han , Guo Huibin
Published: July 2024

Microplastics (MPs) as an atmospheric pollutant are currently receiving widespread attention. Although atmospheric MPs have been extensively studied, due to different research methods, systematic comparisons of atmospheric MPs are still needed. This review critically reviewed the analytical methods, research status and potential human exposure. In this review, the detection principles, advantages and limitations of different visual and chemical analysis methods are reported, and the potential risks of MPs to the human are also introduced. Based on future research about the human risks, emphasized the importance of establishing standardized research methods.
Archilochus frs. 23, 93a–94, 98, 112–113 W.: New readings and interpretations
Authors: Tsantsanoglou Kyriakos
Published: July 2024

Various interpretative proposals in Archilochean fragments, transmitted either in inscriptions or papyri or a combination of the two, are collected in this paper. The notes attempt to introduce some different readings or supplements, occasionally conjectural, in order to show how, in the author’s view, the narrative should have progressed in a reasonable way. Naturally, to the extent that no new pieces are attached to the old ones, a definitive edition of these fragments is bound to remain more or less elusive.
The scripted audience in Roman comedy
Authors: Wright Matthew
Published: July 2024

Despite the prevalence of audience-centred drama criticism, very little is actually known about the composition or nature of theatre audiences in antiquity. Metatheatrical passages in Plautus’ and Terence’s comedies in which the audience is described or addressed are usually treated as historical evidence for real-life theatre audiences in Republican Rome. This article argues that it is preferable to treat the comic audience as a fictional character. The scripted audience is recurrently portrayed by the comedians in a far-fetched and anti-realistic manner: it can be treated as a stereotype, along the other ‘stock’ characters of Roman comedy.
Neutron dynamics in ultra-strong electromagnetic fields: an example model
Authors: Bruce Stanley A.
Published: July 2024

This work is concerned with the relativistic quantum dynamics of a self-interacting neutron in the presence of an external ultra-strong electromagnetic (EM) field in a cylindrical inertial frame. We first regard the Dirac–Pauli (DP) Lagrangian to study the planar dynamics of a neutron polarized along the z-axis subjected to a confining external static EM field composed of a homogeneous magnetic field in the z-direction and a linear radial electric field in the polar plane. The corresponding discrete Landau energy levels are found. As a nonlinear (NL) example model, we introduce a 1-flavor Nambu Jona–Lasinio (NJL) mass term into the DP Lagrangian. The continuous ground-state Landau levels are determined. We readily obtain modified Maxwell’s equations associated with these levels. We consider a simple application of the model related to the dynamics of neutrons in the presence of strong-QED fields inside the surface of aligned neutron stars. We briefly comment on possible classical solitonic solutions of the model.
The potency of Elaeocarpus grandiflorus Leaf Extract as Anti-obesity: in vivo and in silico Study
Authors: Nugrahaningsih WH , Ramasamy Sujatha , Laraswati Vivi Anggraeni , Yuniastuti Ari , Christijanti Wulan
Published: July 2024

The research aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Elaeocarpus grandiflorus leaves extract as anti-obesity by in vivo and silico computational models.  The pre-and -post-tests were carried out on 20 female Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups. The control group (K) received no treatment and the experimental groups were treated with E. grandiflorus extract of 200 mg/kg BW (P1), 400 mg/kg BW (P2), and 800 mg/kg BW (P3) for 14 days. The body weight, abdominal circumference, and abdominal fat mass were measured on Day 1 and Day 15. The results showed differences in body weight (p=0.02), abdominal circumference (p=0.01), and abdominal fat mass (p=0.00). In silico exploration, bioactive compounds of rutin, orientin, luteolin, vitexin, iso orientin, isovitexin, kaempferol, and quercetin were identified, and targeted ELAVL1, IGF1R, CREB1, AKT1, and PIK3R1 of the AMPK signaling pathway that involved in the anti-obesity mechanism. The high binding affinity values was rutin-EVAL1 (-9.3), orientin-ELAVL1 (-8.3), and quercetin- IGFR1 (-8.2). It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of E. grandiflorus leaves has the potential to be developed as an anti-obesity agent.
Elevated basophil count is associated with increased odds of endometriosis
Authors: Feng Qian , Shigesi Nina , Guan Jun , Rahmioglu Nilufer , Bafadhel Mona , Paddon Kevin , Hubbard Carol , Zondervan Krina T , Becker Christian M , Hellner Karin
Published: July 2024

Graphical abstract

Immunological dysregulation plays a fundamental role in the inflammatory aspects of endometriosis. Circulating blood leukocytes, one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the human body, have been shown diagnostic significance in some diseases. Nevertheless, the association between peripheral blood leukocyte counts and endometriosis remains unexplored to date.

We analyzed two targeted study cohorts: a tertiary center cohort (Endometriosis at Oxford University (ENDOX) Study: 325 cases/177 controls) and a large-scale population study (UK Biobank (UKBB): 1537 cases/6331 controls). In both datasets, peripheral venous blood sample results were retrieved, and counts of leukocyte subpopulations, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, were analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of leukocyte subtype alterations with endometriosis status, adjusting for confounding factors. We demonstrate that a higher blood basophil level is associated with increased odds of endometriosis. This association was first discovered in the ENDOX cohort (basophils >0.04 × 109/L: OR 1.65 (95% CI: 1.06–2.57), Ptrend = 0.025) and replicated in the UKBB dataset (basophils >0.04 × 109/L: OR 1.26 (95% CI: 1.09–1.45), Ptrend = 0.001). Notably, women with basophil counts in the upper tercile had significantly increased odds of having stage III/IV endometriosis (ENDOX study: OR = 2.30, 95% CI (1.25–4.22), Ptrend = 0.007; UKBB study (OR = 1.40, 95% CI (1.07–1.85), Ptrend = 0.015). None of the other leukocyte subtypes showed an association. Our findings suggest an association between inflammatory responses and the pathogenesis of endometriosis; future studies are warranted to investigate whether the association is causal.

Lay summary

Endometriosis is a long-term disease affecting approximately 10% of women during their fertile age. It happens when the tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows in other parts of the body, commonly causing pelvic pain and subfertility. Most diagnostic tests for endometriosis are neither accurate nor reliable, leading to a long wait before a correct diagnosis. Looking for changes in blood cell counts could guide doctors for further testing to confirm diagnosis. Our study shows that a higher number of basophils, a specialized type of white cells, commonly measured in a simple blood test, are positively linked with a higher likelihood of endometriosis. The link becomes stronger in severe endometriosis cases. Although we are showing a robust link, whether this can be used to find endometriosis sooner needs to be tested in future studies.
Predicting Mortgage Loan Defaults Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Krasovytskyi Danylo , Stavytskyy Andriy
Published: July 2024

Mortgage default prediction is always on the table for financial institutions. Banks are interested in provision planning, while regulators monitor systemic risk, which this sector may possess. This research is focused on predicting defaults on a one-year horizon using data from the Ukrainian credit registry applying machine-learning methods. This research is useful for not only academia but also policymakers since it helps to assess the need for implementation of macroprudential instruments. We tested two data balancing techniques: weighting the original sample and synthetic minority oversampling technique and compared the results. It was found that random forest and extreme gradient-boosting decision trees are better classifiers regarding both accuracy and precision. These models provided an essential balance between actual default precision and minimizing false defaults. We also tested neural networks, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines with linear kernels, and decision trees, but they showed similar results to logistic regression. The result suggested that real gross domestic product (GDP) growth and debt-service-to-income ratio (DSTI) were good predictors of default. This means that a realistic GDP forecast as well as a proper assessment of the borrower’s DSTI through the loan history can predict default on a one-year horizon. Adding other variables such as the borrower’s age and loan interest rate can also be beneficial. However, the residual maturity of mortgage loans does not contribute to default probability, which means that banks should treat both new borrowers equally and those who nearly repaid the loan.
Depressive and anxious patients feeling anguish after toracic pain: The relevance to the psychiatry
Authors: Paulos Vieira Fernando Filipe , Lotufo Neto Francisco
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Anguish is defined as a sensation of precordial chest tightness or oppression that has an emotional origin. Objetive: To investigate whether anguish is more related to depression or to anxiety, and to identify which variables or symptoms are most predictive of the state of anguish. Methods: Were surveyed 100 patients treated at the general, anxiety and adult affective disorders outpatient clinics of the Institute of Psychiatry of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Results: An important depression diagnostic variable (MINI Depression) was selected in the model (at the 10% level) and its interpretation corroborates the central hypothesis of the study. Correspondence analysis also points to clues in the direction of the research hypothesis. As for the second objective, under the same logistic model, the following variables were shown to be related to the state of anguish: Gender, Reduced HAM-A Score, BSI Somatization, BSI Hostility, BSI Obsession-Compulsion, Age and MINI Depression. Conclusion: The results of this research highlight the need for promoting a more criterious investigation about the role of anguish in mental health.
Rapid and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens: impedimetric immunosensor at the forefront
Authors: Dhar Pubali , Mondal Debarchan , Das Srutee , Chatterjee Niloy
Published: July 2024

Microorganisms can be categorized into five categories: bacteria, algae, fungi, viruses, and protozoa which can cause microbiological hazards, contaminating food during production, manufacture, transportation, and storage. Biosensor technology is one of the most reliable and effective analytical technique for determining a biological system's sensitivity and specificity at a very low scale. So many techniques exist for identifying and detecting food-borne illness causing bacteria. But biosensor technology is used to detect and monitor with accuracy, thus increasing its interest globally with time. Biosensors have been used for a long time to illustrate the process of regulating data in the pharmaceutical, food manufacturing, and processing industries. An immunosensor is a type of biosensor that uses the molecular recognition specificity of antigens to form a stable complex of an antibody. It is divided into two subcategories- labeled and label-free. A labeled immunosensor is primarily used to sense the immune reaction and generate signals that allow versatile detection of complex, and detect the microorganisms like Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli. Label-free immunosensors detect physical changes during the immune complex formation and have been explored because of their potential as a specific detection technique which can reduce the time and cost of analysis. It has been developed using several detection methods like optical changes for Salmonella sp., electrochemical changes for Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli, and Hepatitis B. An impedimetric immunosensor for pathogens has been created utilizing a biosensor, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, antibodies, affinity proteins, affimers, and other binding proteins like bio-receptors, which exhibit good selectivity. This review discusses the techniques used by immunosensors to recognize microorganisms that might cause food poisoning. These techniques consider the electrodes and base-layer components, the makeup and characteristics of distinct bacterial species, as well as the interactions between antigens and antibodies that are utilized to detect bacteria.
Foods and their characteristics: Physical aspects
Authors: Vélez-Ruiz Jorge F.
Published: July 2024

Physical properties are important food characteristics that may be very important and transcendent depending of the specific food and particular processing. These properties should be considered and controlled, no matter of the industrial transformation, some of them are color, density, flow nature, form, heat capacity, size, texture, and viscoelasticity, among others. Color and texture are more general and notably affected by processing (formulation, drying, thermal treatment), whereas flow nature, density and viscoelasticity are less known and their changes throughout pumping, evaporation and high pressure applications require deeper knowledge.
Synthetic approach to spiropyranocoumarins and their oxime derivatives
Authors: Krasylov Igor V. , Moskvina Viktoriia , Khilya Volodymyr P.
Published: July 2024

This study explores the synthesis of a diverse series of linear (spiro)pyranocoumarins and their corresponding oximes, compounds known for their promising biological activities. Building on previous work, the authors expand the array of target compounds, adding structural features such as dimethyl groups and various cycloaliphatic rings. The novel synthetic procedure applied herein couples o-hydroxyacetyl coumarins with respective ketones via Kabbe condensation, yielding 16 derivatives, including 12 new compounds. A further step engages these (spiro)pyranocoumarins with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, leading to oximes, selectively at the exocyclic oxygen atom of the chroman-4-one fragment. Optimizing synthesis conditions has increased product yields and reduced reaction times. Acidic hydrolysis of select compounds introduces additional carbonyl groups and facilitates deprotection, while the subsequent reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride produces dual-oxime compounds. These findings contribute to the ongoing development of pyranocoumarin and oxime-based therapeutics, with potential applications in treating various diseases
New bone substitute based on nanodispersed calcium ceramics
Authors: Smolyak Svitlana S. , Karbivskyy Volodymyr L. , Dubok Vitaliy A. , Chornyi Volodymyr S. , Shynkaruk Olexander V. , Romansky Anastas O. , Karbivska Lyubov I.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to developing a synthetic material for bone tissue restoration. The synthesis of bioactive nanostructured ceramic materials was optimized by selecting temperature regimes, parameters of precursors, etc. A new nanostructured bioactive inorganic material - a complex of nanostructured bioactive ceramics with the most effective osteotropic properties was created. It contains calcium phosphate phases, bioactive glasses, and sitalls, including those doped with bioactive elements that give the material unique biological properties, particularly - the prevention and suppression of concomitant diseases. The new material was obtained using gallium and germanium doping of calcium nanodisperse ceramics. The material has been tested experimentally on animals
Characteristics of Demographic Resilience of the Population in Ukraine during the Pandemic of Covid-19
Authors: AKSYONOVA SVITLANA , SHEVCHUK PAVLO
Published: July 2024

The full-scale military invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation came at a time when our country had been weakened by a series of shocks in a relatively short historical period. Shocks such as a prolonged pandemic and war can disrupt and, in some cases, halt demographic development. In this context, the study of demographic resilience on the eve of a full-scale war, which became a new powerful shock for Ukraine, is relevant and necessary. The complexity of this issue does not allow us to provide all the answers in one article. The purpose of our paper is to determine the main parameters of the demographic resilience of the population of Ukraine in the Covid-19 period and to compare them with the characteristics of resilience in other periods of the greatest shocks experienced by our country, as well as with the indicators of other countries. In our study the main indicators of transient dynamics (convergence time, reactivity, population inertia, damping ratio) were calculated for the first time for the population of Ukraine. The influence of the contribution of different age groups of women to total fertility on the age structure of the population (with the same total fertility rate) was also determined for the first time. The calculations were based on the stable population model, the Leslie matrix, fertility tables, and life tables. The resilience indicators were calculated using the popdemo package. Methods of comparison, generalisation, and analogy were also used. Among the characteristics of demographic resilience, the half-life indicator stands out for its simplicity of calculation and interpretation. In Ukraine, the halving time for the population is decreasing, but it is still higher for the real population than for its stable equivalent. The age structure of the real population, formed under more favourable conditions, mitigates the negative consequences of shock periods, but the long-term preservation of the current regime of mortality and fertility will inevitably worsen the characteristics of the population. In Ukraine, advanced motherhood is an element of the adaptive cycle and requires a rethinking of its meaning and role, as it can be one of the internal mechanisms aimed at the resilience of the system in shock periods. In the conditions of the lowest-low fertility and mortality regime in Ukraine in 2021, advanced maternal age contributed to some increase in the number of births and a certain rejuvenation of the age structure of the population.
Acetaminophen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Risk of Mortality and Pulmonary Morbidity
Authors: Jensen Erik A. , DeMauro Sara B. , Rysavy Matthew A. , Patel Ravi M. , Laughon Matthew M. , Eichenwald Eric C. , Do Barbara T. , Das Abhik , Wright Clyde J. ,   Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

Emerging data indicate that acetaminophen may adversely affect lung health. We examined whether acetaminophen compared with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor alone for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with mortality or respiratory morbidity in extremely preterm infants.

METHODS

This is a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Infants were born at 22 to 28 weeks’ gestation or weighing 401 to 1000 g between 2016 and 2020 and received acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and/or indomethacin for PDA closure. The primary outcome was death or grade 2 to 3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. Secondary outcomes included predischarge mortality and respiratory morbidities. Risk ratios were adjusted for baseline and early postnatal factors. Additional exploratory analyses were adjusted for later postnatal covariates.

RESULTS

Of 1921 infants, 627 (32.6%) received acetaminophen and 1294 (67.3%) received COX inhibitor only. Multidrug therapy (42.9% vs 4.7%) and surgical or catheter PDA closure (26.5% vs 19.9%) were more common among acetaminophen-exposed infants. Death or grade 2 to 3 BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age was similar between infants treated with acetaminophen versus COX inhibitor only (57.1% vs 58.3%; adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–1.06). Acetaminophen was associated with increased risk of predischarge mortality (13.3% vs 10.0%) when adjusting for perinatal and early postnatal factors (aRR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.93), but not in exploratory analyses that included later postnatal factors (aRR 1.28, 95% CI 0.91–1.82).

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment with acetaminophen versus COX inhibitor alone for PDA was not associated with the composite outcome of death or BPD in extremely preterm infants. Our results support further evaluation of whether acetaminophen for PDA increases mortality.
Highlighting the South Asian Heart Failure Epidemic
Authors: Srinivasan Nikhilesh , Gullapalli Nagesh , Shah Kevin S
Published: July 2024

Heart failure (HF) remains a progressive syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and accounts for many hospitalisations globally with a downstream impact of increasing healthcare costs. South Asian individuals account for most of the global burden of non-communicable diseases. In this systematic review, a literature search was performed for all studies focusing on South Asians and HF using PubMed as the primary research tool and citations were included from relevant MEDLINE-indexed journals. Upon identification of relevant studies, pertinent data points were extracted systematically from each eligible study. South Asians have an earlier age of onset of many non-communicable diseases compared to other ethnic groups worldwide, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the large number of South Asians impacted by CVD and both traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CVD, HF has the potential to become an epidemic among South Asians across the world. Individuals of South Asian origin are at elevated risk for CVD compared to many other populations and should be followed closely for the potential development of HF. This review describes what is unique to South Asian individuals at risk for and with established HF, as well as management and prognostic considerations. Future directions and potential policy changes are highlighted that can reduce the HF burden among South Asians globally.
The Politics of Taste in the Jewish Manual
Authors: Sherman Sandra
Published: July 2024

The article looks at the intended readership for Lady Judith Montefiore's 1846 book, The Jewish Manual, arguing that it was not only aimed at a Jewish audience but also sought to present Christian readers with an image of decorous and refined Jewish domesticity.
Earth, Ovens, Art
Authors: Denzer Kiko
Published: July 2024

Kiko Denzer’s book Build Your Own Earth Oven was noticed in the last issue of PPC. Here we reprint his manifesto as well as reproducing a photograph showing how ovens need not be mere utilitarian structures.
Canadian Cookbooks (1825–1949)
Authors: Driver Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

This piece was given as one of the Savoir Faire lecture series at the National Library of Canada, Ottawa in January 2002. Very slight changes have been made as adjustment from the spoken to the written word. The article concerns how the author set about researching and compiling a major bibliographic reference tool documenting Canadian cookbooks dating from between 1825 and 1949.
Linda Collister: Chocolate
Authors: Barker Emma
Published: July 2024

Linda Collister: Chocolate: Ryland Peters & Small, 2002: ISBN 18417 23207: 128pp., index, colour photos, h/b, £14.99.
ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ПАСТЕРИЗАЦІЇ МОЛОКА У ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ СИРУ М’ЯКОГО КАМАМБЕР
Authors: Чагаровський О. П. , Ткаченко Н. А. , Дідух Е . Г. , Анічін В. В.
Published: July 2024

Анотація. У статті розглянуто вплив параметрів пастеризації молока корів Гольштинської породи на Молочній Фермі Прикарпаття ТОВ «МУККО» у технології м’якого сиру Камамбер на вихід сиру, масову частку білків і жиру у сирі Камамбер та хімічний склад сироватки, а також визначено ефективність теплового оброблення молока за різних режимів пастеризації. Досліджено контрольний (температура 80 ºС, витримування 20 сек.) та три експериментальні режими пастеризації молока – перший експериментальний режим: температура 80 ºС, витримування 5 хв.;другий експериментальний режим: температура 85 ºС, витримування 20 сек.;третій експериментальний режим: температура 85 ºС, витримування 5 хв.
Визначено, що підвищення температури пастеризації молока з 80ºС до 85ºС та подовження витримування від 20 сек. до 5 хв. сприяє підвищенню виходу сиру м’якого Камамбер на 6,3%. Визначено вплив параметрів пастеризації молока на масову частку білка та жиру у сирі м’якому Камамбер: максимальний вміст білків має сир Камамбер, вироблений із молока, пастеризованого за температури 85 ºС з витримуванням 5 хв., водночас такий сир містить мінімальну кількість жиру (57,5% у сухій речовині сиру), що потребує корегування процесу нормалізації молока у технології м’якого сиру Камамбер при застосуванні нового режиму пастеризації.
Встановлено, що підвищення температури пастеризації молока та тривалості витримування його при цій температурі сприяє зменшенню вмісту сухих речовин у сироватці, зокрема, за рахунок зменшення масової частки білків, які переходять до сироватки у процесі синерезису.
Визначено, що пастеризація молока за температури 85ºС з витримуванням 20 сек. та 5 хв. забезпечує високу ефективність теплового оброблення (99,99 %) та інактивацію усіх ферментів, що забезпечить стабільну та прогнозовану якість готового продукту, оскільки у визріванні сиру м’якого Камамбер будуть приймати участь лише ферменти заквашувальних культур.
На основі проведених досліджень рекомендовано у технології сиру м’якого Камамбер використовувати пастеризацію молока за температури 85 ºС з витримуванням 5 хв.
Conceptual Foundations of the Ideographic Dictionaries of the Ural Semantic School
Authors: Babenko Liudmila G. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Dudorova Maria V. ,   Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the article is to examine the ideographic dictionaries created by the lexicographers of the Ural Semantic School from the dynamic aspect, according to which the Ural ideographic lexicography was formed as an independent direction. In total, the group has published 26 ideographic dictionaries of different semantic and grammatical nature of words: verbs, nouns, adjectives, synonyms of the Russian language and Russian speech, synonymic-antonymic complexes, Russian verb sentences, Russian key concepts. The methodological basis of such dictionaries were the basic provisions of the main scholarly paradigms of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries: structural-semantic, functional-semantic, denotative-ideographic, cognitive-discursive. In turn, a new type of active ideographic dictionaries contributed to the formation of a system of basic theoretical positions that formed the conceptual lexicographic base of ideographic dictionaries. The universal theoretical foundations of linguistic construction represent the following fundamental principles: consistency, hierarchy, invariance/variability, the presence of standard semantics, representativeness of identifiers, etc., the implementation of which is modified and corrected in the structure of various ideographic dictionaries and supplemented with new relevant lexicographic parameters of their construction, which determines the conceptual uniqueness of each individual dictionary. The peculiarities of such dictionaries and their ideographic sets are determined by the semantic-grammatical and linguo-cognitive nature of the units that make up their composition and the specifics of their constituent sets of units: lexical-semantic, functional-semantic and functional-syntactic, cognitive-discursive. As a result of the study, the authors identify the main types of lexical sets in the composition of ideographic dictionaries of different types.
Dostoevsky’s Favourite Discursive Words: Possibilities of Lexicographic Description
Authors: Ruzhitsky Igor V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the possibility of creating a dictionary of Dostoevsky’s discursive words. Discursive words are non-semantic lexical units whose function is to ensure the coherence of the text and to regulate the process of dialogue between the speaker and the listener. Dostoevsky’s texts are saturated with such lexical units, and there is no doubt that this is one of the features of the author’s style. The methodological basis of the research is the concept of the Dictionary of Dostoevsky’s Language. Idioglossary proposed by Yury N. Karaulov and Efim L. Ginzburg. The lexicographic representation of discursive words requires the introduction of additional parameters into the dictionary entry, e.g. taking into account the type of speech in which these units are used. Other lexicographic parameters of the idioglossary require significant transformation, especially the nature of the definition, in which presuppositions and possible reflexive contexts should be taken into account when describing the functions of discursive words. Excerpts from Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment from the 30-volume edition of the writer’s complete works are used as material. The article proposes the structure of the dictionary entry of the dictionary of Dostoevsky’s discursive words in the most general form, reflecting the features of the author’s linguistic personality. The dictionary entry includes the frequency distribution of the described word by genre; definition; illustrations, i.e. contexts of the described word usage; word index; textual associations; hypotaxis and parataxis; wordplay; usage in an ironic context; usage as part of someone else’s speech.
Ideographic Dictionaries as desiderata of Author Lexicography
Authors: Shestakova Larisa L. ,   V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: July 2024

This article presents an analytical review of dictionaries created within the framework of ideographic author lexicography as a particular direction of general author lexicography and the most productive in terms of modelling artistic images of the world. An analysis of the scholarly literature dealing with the issues of this direction is also proposed. The aim of the study is to identify the typological features of dictionaries of the selected variety, to characterise the principles of compiling such dictionaries and to identify the approaches proposed in dictionary projects. The main method of the study is dictionary criticism, which includes the description of dictionaries, their analysis and scholarly evaluation. The interest in the ideographic form of the dictionary representation of the author’s language was born in the Russian lexicography at the turn of the twenty-first century. At present, the number of such dictionaries is small in relation to the demand and desirability of their use, which is explained by the general commitment of lexicographers to the traditional alphabetic form of the description of the author’s language. The analysis of the available dictionaries makes it possible to divide them, taking into account the different typological characteristics, mainly into monographic and summary dictionaries (representing the language of one or more authors). The dictionaries of the first group demonstrate the possibility of modelling fragments of the world view of a single author with the inclusion of different lexical arrangements: the entire vocabulary of the French poems of F. Tyutchev; occasional units of M. Saltykov-Shchedrin; figurative nominations in the poetry of A. Gorodnitsky. This makes it possible to predict the expansion of the composition of objects of interpretation in “one-author” ideographic dictionaries. At the same time, the form of a summary dictionary is relevant in the description of figurative means for recreating fragments of a general artistic image of the world. The article emphasises that in order to assess the degree of expression of the ideographic base in author lexicography, it is important to take into account dictionaries of other types that contain an ideographic component (for example, in the form of thematic word lists as part of frequency dictionaries of the writer’s language). The observations made during the analysis of scholarly publications on the subject of the study indicate possible vectors of the development of ideographic author lexicography. One of them relates to the use of the method of poetic ideography developed by scholars of the Ural Semantic School.
Inventing the Past: Iolo Morganwg and His Neo-Druidic Doctrine
Authors: Shestakova Nadezhda F. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Ekaterinburg
Published: July 2024

This article examines the historical mythmaking of the multifaceted Welsh intellectual Edward Williams and his bardo-druidic doctrine known as “Bardism” and developed by him based on the ideas of the main ancient religions (Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc.). Drawing on Barddas, the purpose of this study is to identify and reveal the main “dogmas” of neo-druidism and identify the peculiarities of interpretation of the Celtic past by this historian-polymath. Relying on the methodology of intellectual history, the author not only manages to trace the origins of neo-druidism in the work of Edward Williams but also reveal the very context of the era which the main hoaxer of Wales belonged to. During the study, the author concludes that the doctrine developed by the antiquary was aimed at refuting the image of the Celts as barbarians, which appeared in the Roman historical tradition and entrenched in the perception of the British. This was accomplished by Edward Williams by creating a bardic-druidic doctrine, which demonstrated that the Druids were not bloodthirsty pagan priests at all, but on the contrary, sages who spread monotheism and principles of truth, piety, freedom, and peace. Based on the blending of Druidism and Christianity, Celtic church arose, which was destroyed by the Roman Catholic Church. However, the ancient teaching survived thanks to the poetic tradition of the Bards of Glamorgan, successors of the Druids. Thus, building this line of succession, Iolo Morganwg was able to consolidate the status of the centre of Druidism for his motherland both in ancient times and in modern times, and demonstrate a high degree of development of the Celtic civilization.
“Singapore Case” and the Soviet Banking Sector Abroad (Late 1960s — 1970s)
Authors: Pivovarov Nikita Yu. ,   Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow
Published: July 2024

This article analyses the history of the “Singapore case” of Moscow Narodny Bank (MNB), one of the most prominent Soviet financial cases of the second half of the 1970s. Using documents from the Russian State Archive of the Economy, the author describes the reasons for opening a bank in this south-eastern country, focusing on the phenomenon of the Soviet banking sector abroad in the late 1960s and 1970s. The article shows that while the USSR’s decision to open banks in Western countries was based on economic interests (reducing foreign exchange costs, supporting lending to socialist countries), in the countries of the Global South political circumstances prevailed. Singapore played an important role in promoting Moscow’s diplomatic interests. At the same time, the Soviet Union paid far less attention to economic relations with the island state, although a branch of Moscow Narodny Bank was opened there in 1971. Drawing on documents, the article shows how the Soviet bank became a leading bank in Singapore within a few years, providing a large volume of loans to private companies. At the same time, the article reveals that most loans were granted without observing basic financial rules and for risky real estate transactions. This, together with the global financial and commodity crisis, was a key factor in the creation of a debt of almost US $450 million. The reasons for this incident were both subjective (the incompetence of the Soviet management of the branch and the criminalisation of the actions of representatives of local banking structures) and objective — the lack of a coherent foreign policy of the USSR in Southeast Asia.
O MATERIALISMO HISTÓRICO DIALÉTICO COMO MÉTODO DE ANÁLISE PARA O CAMPO DAS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS DESDE AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A CONSTITUIÇÃO METODOLÓGICA DE UMA TESE
Authors: Domingues Alexandra
Published: July 2024

O artigo a seguir discute o Materialismo Histórico Dialético utilizando o contexto de surgimento das Ciências Sociais como suporte de compreensão. A parte deste fato, cumpre observar que o trabalho constituiu um dos capítulos de uma tese de doutorado defendida no ano de 2022, e que utilizou o MHD como suporte transversal da pesquisa, analisando os limites e avanços possíveis para a instituição de uma política educacional engendrada no modo capitalista de produção da realidade por meio das categorias de totalidade, contradição e mediação. Por conseguinte, entre outros, o trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir e dialogar com outros pesquisadores que se interessam pela análise de políticas educacionais com interseção do campo teórico marxista.