bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FALA, FALTA, FALHA: O ISTO DE MANUEL ANTÓNIO PINA
Authors: Erthal Aline Duque
Published: March 2019

Este artigo investiga de que maneira o descompasso entre sujeito, mundo e poesia constrói, em Manuel António Pina, o conceito de falha, que se encontra intrinsecamente ligado à noção de falta e ao exercício da fala. A partir da observação desse trinômio falha/falta/fala, que atravessa e sustenta a obra do poeta, chegamos a outra ideia-chave – a de “isto” –, e concluímos que a ênfase nessa poesia está muito mais na relação (o salto da linguagem, que permeia toda a frase sem se condensar em uma só palavra) do que em um ou outro significante.
A VIRGEM MARIA NO SURREALISMO PORTUGUÊS: VISUALIDADE PLÁSTICA E POÉTICA
Authors: Rocha Michele Coutinho
Published: March 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo estudar a representação da Virgem Maria no Surrealismo português, considerando as suas múltiplas abordagens plásticas e poéticas. O estudo destas representações evidencia uma linguagem subversiva e irónica que questiona o ideal de feminilidade da sociedade patriarcal movida por ideais religiosos, mas também os instintos puros da maternidade.
O AVESSO DO ESPLENDOR E OS RESTOS DO IMPÉRIO: A DESCOLONIZAÇÃO EM O ESPLENDOR DE PORTUGAL, DE LOBO ANTUNES
Authors: Rommel Leonardo Von Pfeil
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo analisa o romance O esplendor de Portugal (1997), de autoria do escritor português António Lobo Antunes quanto à sua particularidade em representar e problematizar a descolonização portuguesa da África. Através da literatura, Lobo Antunes busca dar voz aos colonos portugueses retornados, uma geração estigmatizada pela sociedade e pelo poder estatal português no período pós-Revolução dos Cravos. A literatura apresenta-se assim, como espaço de questionamento da história e da identidade nacional portuguesa no período pós-imperial.
A MENINA E A SANTA
Authors: Junior Valdemar Valente
Published: March 2019

Resenha do livro Em teu ventre, de José Luis Peixoto (Companhia das Letras, 2017).
REPRESENTAÇÕES DO FIGURAL FEMININO: ANTÔNIO VIEIRA E A DOUTRINA DOS ARQUÉTIPOS - PANDORA, EVA E AVE MARIA
Authors: Da Silva Felipe Lima
Published: March 2019

É evidente a retomada das referências à mulher em grande parte das manifestações artísticas ao longo da história da cultura e das religiões. A (sobre)vivência da figura do feminino, por sua vez, condicionou-se a formas diversas de representação –  da matriz greco-romana à era do Catolicismo ortodoxo ou, em outros termos, da figura de Pandora à de Eva, plasmando, no intervalo dos tempos, como forma digna de imitação dos costumes, a imagem da Virgem Maria. Aqui, proponho pinçar um momento particularmente interessante na historiografia literária luso-brasileira, examinando um sermão de Antônio Vieira, orador sacro dos mais admirados no século XVII, dirigido inteiramente às mulheres, para ilustrar as encenações do feminino sob o prisma do Cristianismo. Especificamente, analisarei um sermão pregado, em 1651, para as religiosas do Patriarca São Bernardo, no Convento de Odivelas, em Portugal, cuja unidade de sentido, operada sob a lógica pragmática, é estabelecer uma crítica aos hábitos das freiras que passavam horas do dia em frente ao espelho, objeto este que, para o sermonista em foco, é uma metonímia do “demônio mudo”, que seria muito mais astucioso que qualquer outro demônio, até mesmo do que a serpente que persuadiu Eva no Paraíso. Partindo desse pressuposto, podemos entrever deslocamentos e reciclagens da simbologia conceitual da hýbris como desmedida, uma vez que Vieira continuamente estabelece relações com o mundo do paganismo, demonstrando que as ações das esposas do Céu –  as freiras –  são execráveis, pois são frutos de duas correntes censuráveis: por um lado, essas ações são herança de Eva pecadora e, ao mesmo tempo, são dignas de repúdio, pois vão ao encontro de uma prática antissocrática carregada de exageros e imoralizações. No fio condutor de nossa leitura, a hýbris é simbolizada nas dobras da vanitas – vaidades e futilidades –  refletidas no espelho, significando um desacordo entre a vida no claustro e os costumes padrões de uma freira, que ultrapassa os limites do comportamento quando se empenha na ornamentação do invólucro carnal, esquecendo-se de embelezar a face da alma.
A MULHER E A CRÍTICA: ASPECTOS E QUESTÕES NA FORTUNA CRÍTICA DA MARQUESA DE ALORNA
Authors: Borges Joana Junqueira
Published: March 2019

D. Leonor de Almeida Portugal Lorena e Lencastre (1750-1839), a Marquesa de Alorna, foi uma poeta, tradutora e ensaísta portuguesa e muito embora seja facilmente observável como a presença feminina foi deixada de lado na história da literatura portuguesa, essa mulher se fez presente em diversos manuais literários. A partir do estudo que vem sendo desenvolvido sobre sua atividade tradutória, o presente artigo pretende voltar ao passado em busca de vestígios de sua presença como autora na crítica histórico-literária para, então, analisar em que medida os registros de sua produção colaboram para uma compreensão de sua obra, ou se a crítica literária apenas corroborou o papel secundário que a história, seja ela da literatura ou universal, deu à mulher.
A ESCRITA FEMININA EM FAZES-ME FALTA: CORPO MORTO, CORPUS DESCONTRUÍDO
Authors: Navas Diana , Ventura Telma Regina
Published: March 2019

O presente estudo objetiva apresentar como na obra Fazes-me Falta, de Inês Pedrosa, uma das mais significativas vozes da Literatura Contemporânea Portuguesa, a autora, valendo-se da Escrita Feminina, empreende uma crítica à condição da mulher em nosso atual contexto ao mesmo tempo em que aproxima essa condição ao processo de desconstrução da tessitura do romance. Ou seja, almeja-se observar a fusão que se estabelece entre o corpo da personagem feminina e o corpus narrativo em seu processo de (des)construção. De cunho exploratório e biográfico, e recorrendo aos conceitos de Escrita Feminina, a pesquisa evidencia-nos uma narrativa questionadora do paradigma oficial e a configuração de uma mulher-narrativa, marcada pela incompletude e fragmentação.
Epidemiology of Shock in Contemporary Cardiac Intensive Care Units
Authors: Berg David D. , Bohula Erin A. , van Diepen Sean , Katz Jason N. , Alviar Carlos L. , Baird-Zars Vivian M. , Barnett Christopher F. , Barsness Gregory W. , Burke James A. , Cremer Paul C. , Cruz Jennifer , Daniels Lori B. , DeFilippis Andrew P. , Haleem Affan , Hollenberg Steven M. , Horowitz James M. , Keller Norma , Kontos Michael C. , Lawler Patrick R. , Menon Venu , Metkus Thomas S. , Ng Jason , Orgel Ryan , Overgaard Christopher B. , Park Jeong-Gun , Phreaner Nicholas , Roswell Robert O. , Schulman Steven P. , Jeffrey Snell R. , Solomon Michael A. , Ternus Bradley , Tymchak Wayne , Vikram Fnu , Morrow David A.
Published: March 2019

Background

Clinical investigations of shock in cardiac intensive care units (CICUs) have primarily focused on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS). Few studies have evaluated the full spectrum of shock in contemporary CICUs.

Methods and Results

The Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network is a multicenter network of advanced CICUs in North America. Anytime between September 2017 and September 2018, each center (n=16) contributed a 2-month snap-shot of all consecutive medical admissions to the CICU. Data were submitted to the central coordinating center (TIMI Study Group, Boston, MA). Shock was defined as sustained systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg with end-organ dysfunction ascribed to the hypotension. Shock type was classified by site investigators as cardiogenic, distributive, hypovolemic, or mixed. Among 3049 CICU admissions, 677 (22%) met clinical criteria for shock. Shock type was varied, with 66% assessed as cardiogenic shock (CS), 7% as distributive, 3% as hypovolemic, 20% as mixed, and 4% as unknown. Among patients with CS (n=450), 30% had AMICS, 18% had ischemic cardiomyopathy without AMI, 28% had nonischemic cardiomyopathy, and 17% had a cardiac cause other than primary myocardial dysfunction. Patients with mixed shock had cardiovascular comorbidities similar to patients with CS. The median CICU stay was 4.0 days (interquartile range [IQR], 2.5–8.1 days) for AMICS, 4.3 days (IQR, 2.1–8.5 days) for CS not related to AMI, and 5.8 days (IQR, 2.9–10.0 days) for mixed shock versus 1.9 days (IQR, 1.0–3.6) for patients without shock (
P
<0.01 for each). Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were higher in patients with mixed shock (10; IQR, 6–13) versus AMICS (8; IQR, 5–11) or CS without AMI (7; IQR, 5–11; each
P
<0.01). In-hospital mortality rates were 36% (95% CI, 28%–45%), 31% (95% CI, 26%–36%), and 39% (95% CI, 31%–48%) in AMICS, CS without AMI, and mixed shock, respectively.

Conclusions

The epidemiology of shock in contemporary advanced CICUs is varied, and AMICS now represents less than one-third of all CS. Despite advanced therapies, mortality in CS and mixed shock remains high. Investigation of management strategies and new therapies to treat shock in the CICU should take this epidemiology into account.
Coronary Calcium Characteristics as Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Symptomatic Patients: Insights From the CORE320 Multinational Study
Authors: Lo‐Kioeng‐Shioe Mallory S. , Vavere Andrea L. , Arbab‐Zadeh Armin , Schuijf Joanne D. , Rochitte Carlos E. , Chen Marcus Y. , Rief Matthias , Kofoed Klaus F. , Clouse Melvin E. , Scholte Arthur J. , Miller Julie M. , Betoko Aisha , Blaha Michael J. , Cox Christopher , Deckers Jaap W. , Lima Joao A. C.
Published: March 2019

Background

The predictive value of coronary artery calcium (
CAC
) has been widely studied; however, little is known about specific characteristics of
CAC
that are most predictive. We aimed to determine the independent associations of Agatston score,
CAC
volume,
CAC
area,
CAC
mass, and
CAC
density score with major adverse cardiac events in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

A total of 379 symptomatic participants, aged 45 to 85 years, referred for invasive coronary angiography, who underwent coronary calcium scanning and computed tomography angiography as part of the
CORE
320 (Combined Noninvasive Coronary Angiography and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using 320 Detector Computed Tomography) study, were included. Agatston score,
CAC
volume, area, mass, and density were computed on noncontrast images. Stenosis measurements were made on contrast‐enhanced images. The primary outcome of 2‐year major adverse cardiac events (30 revascularizations [>182 days of index catheterization], 5 myocardial infarctions, 1 cardiac death, 9 hospitalizations, and 1 arrhythmia) occurred in 32 patients (8.4%). Associations were estimated using multivariable proportional means models. Median age was 62 (interquartile range, 56–68) years, 34% were women, and 56% were white. In separate models, the Agatston, volume, and density scores were all significantly associated with higher risk of major adverse cardiac events after adjustment for age, sex, race, and statin use; density was the strongest predictor in all
CAC
models.
CAC
density did not provide incremental value over Agatston score after adjustment for diameter stenosis, age, sex, and race.

Conclusions

In symptomatic patients,
CAC
density was the strongest independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events among
CAC
scores, but it did not provide incremental value beyond the Agatston score after adjustment for diameter stenosis.
Wavefield separation for borehole acoustic reflection survey using parametric decomposition and waveform inversion
Authors: Hirabayashi Nobuyasu , Leaney W. Scott
Published: March 2019

We have developed a wavefield separation filter for borehole acoustic reflection surveys (BARS) that uses parametric decomposition and waveform inversion, which we call the PWI filter. A BARS survey uses a sonic logging tool in a fluid-filled borehole to image near-borehole structure. Signals from a monopole or dipole source are reflected from geologic interfaces and recorded by arrays of receivers of the same tool. Because amplitudes of direct head waves and borehole modes are significantly larger than those of the event signals, wavefield separation to extract the event signals is crucial for BARS processing. The PWI filter estimates the direct head waves and borehole modes using the parametric decomposition, which is based on a 1D wave propagation model in the frequency domain. The wave-propagation model is calibrated using waveform inversion, which solves for the slowness and attenuation of the waves. The inversion is regularized using the assumption that the slowness and attenuation smoothly vary with frequency; the nonlinear system of equations is iteratively solved using the Newton method. An example of wavefield separation is shown for field data for a very fast formation for a monopole source. After using the PWI filter to separate the S-waves and direct and reflected Stoneley waves, we obtain the final filtered waveforms by further applying a median filter to separate the residual waveforms, which are not separated by the PWI filter.
Crosscoherence-based interferometry for the retrieval of first arrivals and subsequent tomographic imaging of differential weathering
Authors: Place Joachim , Draganov Deyan , Malehmir Alireza , Juhlin Christopher , Wijns Chris
Published: March 2019

Exhumation of crust exposes rocks to weathering agents that weaken the rocks’ mechanical strength. Weakened rocks will have lower seismic velocity than intact rocks and can therefore be mapped using seismic methods. However, if the rocks are heavily weathered, they will attenuate controlled-source seismic waves to such a degree that the recorded wavefield would become dominated by ambient noise and/or surface waves. Therefore, we have examined the structure of differential weathering by first-break traveltime tomography over a seismic profile extending approximately 3.5 km and acquired at a mining site in Zambia using explosive sources and a source based on the swept-impact seismic technique (SIST). Seismic interferometry has been tested for the retrieval of supervirtual first arrivals masked by uncorrelated noise. However, use of crosscorrelation in the retrieval process makes the method vulnerable to changes in the source signal (explosives and SIST). Thus, we have developed a crosscoherence-based seismic-interferometry method to tackle this shortcoming. We investigate the method’s efficiency in retrieving first arrivals and, simultaneously, correctly handling variations in the source signal. Our results illustrate the superiority of the crosscoherence- over crosscorrelation-based method for retrieval of the first arrivals, especially in alleviating spurious ringyness and in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio. These benefits are observable in the greater penetration depth and the improved resolution of the tomography sections. The tomographic images indicate isolated bodies of higher velocities, which may be interpreted as fresh rocks embedded into a heavily weathered regolith, providing a conspicuous example of differential weathering. Our study advances the potential of seismic methods for providing better images of the near surface (the critical zone).
Numerical simulation of coupled fluid-solid interaction at the pore scale: A digital rock-physics technology
Authors: Das Vishal , Mukerji Tapan , Mavko Gary
Published: March 2019

We have used numerical modeling to capture the physics related to coupled fluid-solid interaction (FSI) and the frequency dependence of pore scale fluid flow in response to pore pressure heterogeneities at the pore scale. First, we perform numerical simulations on a simple 2D geometry consisting of a pair of connected cracks to benchmark the numerical method. We then compute and contrast the stresses and pore pressures obtained from our numerical method with the commonly used method that considers only structural mechanics, ignoring FSI. Our results demonstrate that the stresses and pore pressures of these two cases are similar for low frequencies (1 Hz). However, at higher frequencies (1 kHz), we observe pore-pressure heterogeneities from the FSI numerical method that cannot be representatively modeled using the structural mechanics approach. At even higher frequencies (100 MHz), scattering effects in the fluid give rise to higher pressure heterogeneities in the pore space. The dynamic effective P-wave modulus [Formula: see text], attenuation [Formula: see text], and P-wave velocity [Formula: see text] were calculated using the results obtained from the numerical simulations. These results indicate a shift in the dispersion curves toward lower frequencies when the fluid viscosity is increased or when the aspect ratio of the microcrack is decreased. We then applied the numerical method on a 3D digital rock sample of Berea sandstone for a sweep of frequencies ranging from 10 Hz to 100 MHz. The calculated pore pressure at the low frequency (1 kHz) is homogeneous and the fluid is in a relaxed state, whereas at the high frequency (100 kHz), the pore pressure is heterogeneous, and the fluid is in an unrelaxed state. This type of numerical method helps in modeling and understanding the dynamic effects of fluid at different frequencies that result in velocity dispersion and attenuation.
Physical Modelling of Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Steels: Analysis of Free Parameters
Authors: Napoli Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

The mechanical properties of steels are strongly affected by grain size and chemical composition variations. Many industrial developments have been carried out both from the point of view of composition variation and grain size in order to exploit the effect of these variables to improve the mechanical proprieties of steels. It is also evident that recrystallization and grain growth are relevant to the mechanical properties of steels, thus suggesting the necessity of mathematical models able to predict the microstructural evolution after thermo-mechanical cycles. It is therefore of primary importance to study microstructural changes, such as grain size variations of steels during isothermal treatments through the application of a mathematical model, able in general to describe the primary recrystallization and grain growth in metals. This paper deals with the recrystallization and grain growth modelling of steels based on the statistical theory of grain growth originally developed by Lücke [1] and here integrated to take into account the effect of recrystallization and Zener drag effect. A general continuity equation is proposed describing in continuous way recrystallization and grain growth phenomena without taking into account textures effect. The effect of input parameters is analyzed.
A Vision to Promote the Forensic DNA Facility at Al-Nahrain University in Terms of Safety Measures
Authors: ABD ALI ALI , Al-DAHHAN WEDAD , ZAGEER DHEAA , YOUSIF EMAD
Published: March 2019

The forensic DNA facility at Al-Nahrain University was established in 2011 with a clear message to be as a training and research center in Iraq. Iraq is still suffering from the existence of many mass graves in different provinces, and complicated criminal cases. Predominantly, the forensic DNA facility will offer a solid platform to support forensic investigations as casualties in most cases are anonymous to the government.

The forensic DNA investigation laboratories were built without any considerations to safety measures and standard laboratories ergonomics. Herein, we report a genuine safety program adopted and performed by some experts to alleviate all safety problems that were reported in the laboratories as well as qualifying those according international standards of safety. The forensic DNA facility at Al-Nahrain University now is considered as a typical example in Iraq and we aim for becoming an internationally accredited center in the Middle East in the near future. In this concern, the vision implemented is to be achieved via complying with international standards and making collaboration with the International Committee on Missing Persons (ICMP).
A Technical Evaluation of a Chemistry Laboratory: A Step Forward For Maintaining Safety Measures
Authors: Abd Ali Ali , Shaalan Naser , Al-Dahhan Wedad , Hairunisa Nany , Yousif Emad
Published: March 2019

Chemistry laboratories have been classified as dangerous workplaces as many hazardous chemicals are used within. Some of these chemicals have a high risk score and dealing with them without taking into considerations any potential damage to properties/people is absolutely unprofessional and irresponsible. In this regard, in order to offer a reasonable protection for people and facilities, we deduce a feasible safety practice based on our thorough evaluation for one of the chemistry laboratories in our academic institution (Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Women, Baghdad University). This evaluation revealed that safety precautions must be always adopted within any chemistry laboratory and safety officer must regularly inspect laboratories to check their compliance with safety standards. Herein, we present our evaluation, and observations as well as thoughts to promote this chemistry laboratory in terms of safety measures.
Spatial Data Analysis For Ground Water Quality Assessment With Special Refrence To Iron - A Case Study Of Barna Watershed,Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Umak D. K. , Punwatkar V. L. , Parasher V. K.
Published: March 2019

Barna Watershed is a catchment of Barna River and its tributaries, lies in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh. The total area of Barna Watershed is approximately 1129 Sq. Km. The aim of the study was to analyze the observed ground water quality parameters and to create spatial map for drinking water purpose for Barna Watershed. For the above study ground water Samples were collected from the field and some GWQ data were collected from PHED, M.P and National Rural Development Water Programme (IMIS) website under Ministry of Drinking water & Sanitation. The GWQ layers were generated separately for each element for Both Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Season, from the well point layers with the help of Inverse Distance weighted Method (IDW) interpolation technique using ArcGIS 9.3 software. Each element wise layer has been categorized into three categories (1) potable water in Desirable limits (2) Potable water in permissible limits (3) Non-potable ground water, as per BIS standard 2012. Integrating layers of pre-monsoon; pre-monsoon Ground Water Quality map has been prepared and integrating layers of post-monsoon; post-monsoon Ground Water Quality map has been prepared. Integrating the pre & post monsoon Ground water quality map, final ground water quality class map has been prepared. The Final Ground Water Quality class map has been divided into 9 classes as the standard given by the NRSC, ISRO; Ground Water Quality, manual of RGNDWM-PH IV. The Final Ground Water Quality Class map of Barna Watershed shows, out of 75.04% Non-Potable area73.12% area is Non- Potable due to excess of Iron and out 65.51% Habitations which is falling in Non-Potable class, 56.89% habitation are severely affected by excess of Iron.
Volume Fraction Measurement in Crude Oil-Water Two-Phase Mixture using a Neutron Beam
Authors: A. Kendoush Abdullah , B. Mahood Hameed , G. Fiadh Ibrahim
Published: March 2019

A neutron beam has been used to measure the volume fraction of crude oil in water of non- flow two-phase mixture experimentally.241Am-Be neutron source were used with an activity of 3.7x104 MBq. The volume fraction was simulated by using small plastic tubes filled with oil and immersed in non-flow water tube. The results show that it is feasible to measure the volume fraction of crude oil in a crude oil-water mixture.
Elimination of Lead Ions from Aqueous Environment by Waste Tires Rubber
Authors: Fadhil Nassar Eman , Zageer Dheaa , S. Khlaf Majid
Published: March 2019

The investigation goes through paper to taking away of lead ions from aqueous medium by waste tire rubber granules(WTRG). The effect of various operational parameters like period of time, original metal concentration, size of adsorbent particles, adsorbent dose, and PH of medium on the adsorption ability of WTRG was evaluated. The kinetic of the adsorption process was relatively fast with approximately one hour of equilibrium time. A tiny adsorbent particle size (0.04 mm), PH medium (5-6) preferential the adsorption process. Data of isotherm studies exposed that adsorption of Pb(II) was well expressed by the Langmuir isotherm formula (R2=0.993). The study demonstrated the ability of WTRG to remove lead from aqueous environment as a cheap and available material. The use of WTRG exhibited the safe disposal of solid waste. Hence its with double benefit for environment.
Suitability of Groundwater Quality for Irrigational use between Silkanth and Kundgaon, North of River Narmada in the Upper Alluvial Plains of Narmada Valley, District Sehore and Dewas, M.P., India
Authors: Parasha V.K. , Kumar Sharma Sunil
Published: March 2019

Groundwater is one of the earth’s most widely distributed resources and is consistently catering to the requirement of the agricultural irrigation. In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the hydrochemistry and its agricultural water quality of groundwater between Silkhanth and Kundgaon, North of river Narmada, Madhya Pradesh. During the course of water quality studies of the area, 17 groundwater samples were collected and chemically analysed. Results obtained from water chemistry were used in the determination of different irrigational specifications to appraise the agricultural quality of groundwater. Important specifications like Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) and Kelly’s Ratio (KR) are used for decisive the appropriateness of groundwater for the agricultural purposes. Result shows that the majority of groundwater belongs to Medium to - High Saline and Low sodium water. As per the magnesium ratio classification, the groundwaters of the study area has no magnesium hazards. Kelly’s ratio shows that majority of groundwater belongs to suitable class. As per the classification based on RSC the groundwater belongs to Safe class. As per the guidelines of Ayers and Westcot, majority of water have slight to moderate toxicity with respect to Nitrate and their use is restricted for semitolerant crops.
Multidrug-resistant enterobacteria colonize commercial day-old broiler chicks in Nigeria
Authors: Okorafor Obianuju Nkiruka , Anyanwu Madubuike Umunna , Nwafor Emmanuel Onyeka , Anosa George Nnamdi , Udegbunam Rita Ijeoma
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study was conducted to isolate generic enterobacteria from day-old broiler chicks in Nigeria, determine the antibacterial resistance profile, and assess multidrug resistance.

Materials and Methods: The birds were sourced from five purposively-selected hatcheries (identified as A, B, C, D and E) in Southwest Nigeria. Non-duplicate cloacal swabs were collected from a total of 75 (15 birds per hatchery) randomly selected apparently healthy birds. Sampling was done in three batches of five chicks per batch at 2-week interval. Isolation of enterobacteria was done using MacConkey agar. The resistance of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method.

Results: Of 15 processed samples of birds from each hatchery, all samples from hatcheries B, D, and E, 10 (66.7%) and 14 (93.3%) samples from hatcheries A and C, respectively, yielded pure cultures of Escherichia coli. Klebsiella was also isolated from 1 (7.1%) of the 14 and 2 (13.2%) of the 15 growth-positive samples from hatcheries C and D, respectively. The range of resistance among E. coli isolates was tetracycline (86.7-100%), ampicillin (80-100%), gentamicin (60-85.7%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (46.7-92.9%), enrofloxacin (40-100%), ciprofloxacin (26.7-86.7%), streptomycin (10-80%), cefotaxime (26.7-73.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13.3-60%), and ceftazidime (6.7-40%). Klebsiella and all E. coli isolate from chicks of hatcheries B, C, and E, 80 and 93.3% of those from chicks of hatcheries A and D, respectively, exhibited resistance to three or more classes of antibacterial agents.

Conclusion: Commercial day-old broiler chicks in Nigeria are colonized by multidrug-resistant coliforms (E. coli and Klebsiella) and are potential reservoirs and disseminators of these organisms.
Experienced physician descriptions of intuition in clinical reasoning: a typology
Authors: Vanstone Meredith , Monteiro Sandra , Colvin Eamon , Norman Geoff , Sherbino Jonathan , Sibbald Matthew , Dore Kelly , Peters Amanda
Published: March 2019

Background

Diagnostic intuition is a rapid, non-analytic, unconscious mode of reasoning. A small body of evidence points to the ubiquity of intuition, and its usefulness in generating diagnostic hypotheses and ascertaining severity of illness. Little is known about how experienced physicians understand this phenomenon, and how they work with it in clinical practice.

Methods

Descriptions of how experienced physicians perceive their use of diagnostic intuition in clinical practice were elicited through interviews conducted with 30 physicians in emergency, internal and family medicine. Each participant was asked to share stories of diagnostic intuition, including times when intuition was both correct and incorrect. Multiple coders conducted descriptive analysis to analyze the salient aspects of these stories.

Results

Physicians provided descriptions of what diagnostic intuition is, when it occurs and what type of activity it prompts. From stories of correct intuition, a typology of four different types of intuition was identified: Sick/Not Sick, Something Not Right, Frame-shifting and Abduction. Most physician accounts of diagnostic intuition linked this phenomenon to non-analytic reasoning and emphasized the importance of experience in developing a trustworthy sense of intuition that can be used to effectively engage analytic reasoning to evaluate clinical evidence.

Conclusions

The participants recounted myriad stories of diagnostic intuition that alerted them to unusual diagnoses, previous diagnostic error or deleterious trajectories. While this qualitative study can offer no conclusions about the representativeness of these stories, it suggests that physicians perceive clinical intuition as beneficial for correcting and advancing diagnoses of both common and rare conditions.
Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonia for Hydrogen Production over Carbon Nanofiber Supported Fe and Mo Catalysts in a Microwave Heated Reactor
Authors: Guler Melih , Korkusuz Cansu , Varisli Dilek
Published: March 2019

Microwave heated reactor which was loaded with carbon fiber supported iron and molybdenum incorporated monometallic catalysts was used to produce COx free hydrogen from ammonia. Impregnation procedure was applied to synthesize the catalysts at different metal loading (4–14 wt % according to ICP-OES) using iron nitrate or ammonium molybdate and reaction tests were carried out under the flow of pure ammonia (GHSV: 36,000 ml/hgcat). Activities of molybdenum incorporated carbon fiber catalyts are found to be lower than that of the iron loaded ones in the conventional reaction system. The effect of metal loading was clealy seen in the activity of molybdenum incorporated catalyst, unlike iron incorporated catalyts, especially under high reaction temperature conditions. Catalysts showed greatly enhanced activities in microwave heated system in comparison to conventionally heated reactor system. Complete conversion of ammonia was achieved at 500 °C by using molybdenum incorporated catalysts and at 450 °C by using iron incorporated catalysts (with GHSV of 36,000 ml/hgcat) in microwave heated reactor system. Transfer of energy directly to the active species and formation of carbide species, Fe2C or Mo2C, during the reaction under microwave application could be considered as the major factors leading to a better ammonia conversion. Structural properties of carbon support materials, such as the surface area, could be effective on the activity of the catalysts via the distribution of active species, however, this would be more pronounced effect in conventional system.
New Conditions and Numerical Checking Method for the Practical Stability of Fractional Order Positive Discrete-Time Linear Systems
Authors: Yang Hongli , Jia Yuexiao
Published: March 2019

Practical stability of a fractional order discrete-time linear state-space systems was put up in recent years. It is usually checked by the eigenvalues of the state matrix, some methods have been given during these years. But if the size of the state matrix is large, the computations of eigenvalues can be very onerous. In this paper, some new conditions on practical stability for positive fractional discrete-time linear system are presented. Numerically checking method of practical stability is presented based on the new conditions given in this paper. It is illustrated by the numerical examples that our checking method is effective and true. Compared to the now existing methods, numerically checking method is an attractive method because it’s easily implemented.
Die Bedeutung des Deutschen in wissenschaftlicher und institutioneller Kommunikation chinesischer Nachwuchsforscher in Deutschland
Authors: HUANG Yuhuan
Published: March 2019

Mit

Der Begriff „Nachwuchsforscher“ bezeichnet in diesem Text die gesamte Gruppe von Nachwuchsforscherinnen und Nachwuchsforschern, ebenso die Begriffe „Forscher“, „Wissenschaftler“, „Doktorand“, „Teilnehmer“ etc.

der Internationalisierung deutscher Forschungsinstitutionen ist Deutschland ein attraktives Zielland für chinesische Nachwuchsforscher1 und junge Wissenschaftler geworden. Viele von ihnen promovieren mit geringen Deutschkenntnissen im Rahmen englischsprachiger Graduiertenprogramme. Diese Studie analysiert deren Erfahrungsaustausch untereinander und die Thematisierung von der Bedeutung fremder Sprachen in wissenschaftlicher und institutioneller Kommunikation.
Deutschlehrerqualifizierung in China am Beispiel der Kooperationsprogramme der Fremdsprachenuniversität Guangdong und der Zweiten Fremdsprachenuniversität Peking
Authors: LIU Qisheng , LIU Xuehui , DESCHKA Rafael D.
Published: March 2019

Immer mehr Menschen in China möchten Deutsch lernen. Die Deutschlehrkräfte sind die zentrale Gruppe, die diesen steigenden Bedarf befriedigen können, und sind die wichtigsten Träger der Unterrichtsqualität. An chinesischen Hochschulen, Fremdspracheninstituten und Mittelschulen fehlen oft qualifizierte Deutschlehrkräfte. Um diesem Bedarf zu begegnen, kooperieren die Fremdsprachenuniversität Guangdong und die Zweite Fremdsprachenuniversität Peking mit dem Goethe-Institut und haben eine moderne Deutschlehrerqualifizierung als Studienschwerpunkt innerhalb des Masterstudiums der Germanistik eingerichtet.
Eine rasante Entwicklung: Deutsch als Fremdsprache an chinesischen Schulen im Kontext der Programme des Goethe-Instituts China
Authors: BENKELMANN-ZHANG Karin
Published: March 2019

Das chinesische Bildungsministerium plant, Ende 2017 ein landesweit einheitliches Curriculum für alle zweiten Fremdsprachen an chinesischen Schulen einzuführen. Für die deutsche Sprache ergibt sich dadurch eine einmalige Chance. Um zu zeigen, welche Möglichkeiten die Einführung von Deutsch an Schulen bietet, stellt der vorliegende Beitrag Programme in den Fokus, mit denen das Goethe-Institut China bereits seit 2008 Deutsch als Fremdsprache im chinesischen Schulbereich fördert. Insbesondere werden Projekte und Maßnahmen vorgestellt, die in enger Kooperation oder Partnerschaft mit nationalen Bildungseinrichtungen im chinesischen Bildungssystem durchgeführt werden. Dabei wird untersucht, inwiefern die bisherigen und neuen Angebote vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Nachfrage nach Deutsch eine nachhaltige Förderung von Deutsch als Fremdsprache in China gewährleisten. Es wird herausgearbeitet, dass die Zusammenarbeit und der Dialog mit lokalen Partnern entscheidend für eine langfristige und stabile Entwicklung von Deutsch als Fremdsprache sind. Zugleich wird gezeigt, wie die angebotenen Programme auch als Werbung für Deutsch verstanden werden können, dass sie also nicht nur eine Reaktion auf die steigende Nachfrage sind, sondern ihrerseits die Nachfrage steigern.
Einsatzmöglichkeiten einer Bedarfsanalyse zur Curriculum-Entwicklung für berufsorientierten DaF-Unterricht in China
Authors: CAI Hong
Published: March 2019

: Die Bedeutung der Bedarfsanalyse als Forschungsverfahren zur Curriculum-Entwicklung wird in der Fachliteratur vielfach hervorgehoben. Jedoch ist eine Bedarfsanalyse für die Curriculum-Arbeit eines Fremdsprachenkurses bisher keine übliche Praxis. In diesem Aufsatz wird daher am Beispiel einer Bedarfsanalyse zum Fremdsprachengebrauch und -bedarf chinesischer Arbeitskräfte in Unternehmen präsentiert, wie diese Untersuchung und deren Ergebnisse zum berufsvorbereitenden DaF-Unterricht an chinesischen Hochschulen beitragen könnten.
DaF als Berufssprache für die Automobilfertigung in China. Zur kollaborativen Entwicklung von bedarfsorientierten DaF-Lehrmaterialien
Authors: MIDDEKE Annegret , SEMYONOVA Anastassiya
Published: March 2019

Deutsch für den Beruf ist nicht nur in Deutschland, im Kontext von Integration (DaZ für Berufszwecke), sondern auch im Ausland (im DaF-Bereich) ein hoch aktuelles und bildungspolitisch relevantes Thema. Dies gilt ganz besonders für China, wo das vor 35 Jahren eingeführte duale Ausbildungssystem boomt, in dessen Rahmen einige große deutsche Firmen als Ausbilder agieren (z. B. BMW, Daimler, Schleich, Siemens und andere). Selbstverständlich wächst in diesem Zusammenhang der Bedarf an geeigneten Unterrichtsmaterialien für Deutsch als Fach- und Berufsfremdsprache an Berufsschulen, Berufsfachschulen und für innerbetriebliche Weiterbildungen.

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das von Studierenden des MA-Studiengangs „Interkulturelle Germanistik/DaF“ der Universität Göttingen in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Goethe-Institut Peking und dem Fachverband Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache e.V. entwickelte zweisprachige Lehrwerk DaF für die Automobilfertigung in China (A2–B1) vorgestellt, das in entsprechenden Ausbildungsgängen an chinesischen Berufsschulen oder bei firmeninternen Weiterbildungen eingesetzt werden kann und wird.

Dabei werden folgende Aspekte beleuchtet: die Rahmenbedingungen und Durchführung des Projekts, das Konzept und die didaktischen Besonderheiten des Lehrwerks (Lehrwerkaufbau, Regionalisierung und Zielgruppenbestimmung, das Konzept der funktionalen Mehrsprachigkeit, der Szenariodidaktik und des interkulturellen Lernens in der Berufs- und Fachsprachenvermittlung) sowie dessen Nachhaltigkeit und generell die Adaptierbarkeit solcher kollaborativer Aktivitäten.
Kierkegaards Modernität
Authors: Dell’Eva Gloria
Published: March 2019

Im nachfolgenden Artikel möchte ich aufzeigen, dass die traditionellen Interpretationen Kierkegaards – als Beispiele analysiere ich Aufsätze Sybille Lewitscharoffs und Karl Löwiths – reduktiv sind, weil sie ihn als Vertreter einer Anthropologie des Einzelnen betrachten, der nur „im Sprung“ vor einem allmächtigen und transzendenten Gott und in der Abschottung von der Gesellschaft seinen Sinn entdecken kann. Ich werde hingegen nachweisen, dass Gott bei Kierkegaard nicht auf diese patriarchalische Weise, sondern als ein Gott, der im Menschen selbst und in der Welt ist, zu deuten ist. Die religiöse Bindung ist daher für den Menschen kein weltfeindlicher Sprung zu Gott hin, sondern eine Vertiefung in sich selbst, die ihn gleichzeitig in Verbindung mit allen Lebenden, mit seinen Mitmenschen und seiner Umwelt setzt, weil Gott selbst als dieses soziale und ökologische Netzwerk interpretiert wird. Dieser innovative Zugang findet im Denken Kierkegaards ein theologisch-anthropologisches Modell, das im Vergleich zum patriarchalischen den heutigen Menschen viel intensiver und existenzbezogener ansprechen kann. In Hinsicht darauf werde ich darlegen, wie modern Kierkegaard ist, indem ich nachzeichne, dass seine Gottes- und Menschenauffassung der Jürgen Moltmanns sehr nahe steht.
The periodic table – an experimenter’s guide to transactinide chemistry
Authors: Eichler Robert
Published: March 2019

The fundamental principles of the periodic table guide the research and development of the challenging experiments with transactinide elements. This guidance is elucidated together with experimental results from gas phase chemical studies of the transactinide elements with the atomic numbers 104–108 and 112–114. Some deduced chemical properties of these superheavy elements are presented here in conjunction with trends established by the periodic table. Finally, prospects are presented for further chemical investigations of transactinides based on trends in the periodic table.
Costly Voluntary Disclosure in a Signaling Game
Authors: Pecorino Paul , Van Boening Mark
Published: March 2019

We conduct an experimental analysis of pretrial bargaining, while allowing for the costly disclosure of private information in a signaling game. Under the theory, 100 % of plaintiffs with a weak case are predicted to remain silent, while 100 % of the plaintiffs with a strong case are predicted to voluntarily disclose their type. We find that 75 % of weak plaintiffs remain silent and 67 % of strong plaintiffs reveal their type. In line with theory, weak plaintiffs who reveal their type receive a lower payoff, while strong plaintiffs who reveal their type receive a higher payoff. Plaintiffs with a strong case who reveal their type have a dispute rate which is 50 % points lower than strong plaintiffs who remain silent. Because plaintiffs who reveal their type cannot extract the entire surplus from settlement from the defendant, the incentive to engage in voluntary disclosure is weaker empirically than it is in theory.
Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor pathway with irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Sagir Fatma , Demiroglu-Zergeroglu Asuman
Published: March 2019

Background

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an endemic disease around central Anatolia region in Turkey, where people are exposed to erionite- and asbestos-contaminated soil. Aberrant EGFR signalling has implicated in several cancers including MMs. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are new treatment options harbouring deregulated signalling network components. In this study, we aimed to investigate anti-proliferative effect of CL-387,785 in MM cells.

Materials and methods

Alteration of cell proliferation was evaluated with using MTS assay. Profile of EGFR, ERK, AKT, JNK and p38 proteins and ELK-1, JUN, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 genes were analysed by western blot and RT-PCR, respectively.

Results

Viability of MM cells was inhibited in dose- and time-dependent manner. CL-387,785 affected MM cells earlier and at higher extent compared to the mesothelial cells. CL-387,785 treatments suppressed EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK, AKT, STAT3 and STAT5 but not SAPK/JNK and p38 in SPC212 cells. RT-PCR analysis showed that expression of p21 increased, while Cyclin D and c-jun expressions decreased in SPC212 cells. However, ELK-1, STAT3 and STAT5, expressions did not change.

Conclusion

Our results propose that CL-387,785 could be an efficacious agent in the treatment of MMs with uncontrolled EGFR signalling.
IVSII-74 T>G: As harmless as we thought?
Authors: Hocaoglu-Emre F. Sinem , Yenmis Guven , Saribal Devrim , Yakicier Cengiz
Published: March 2019

Background

IVSII-74 T > G is one of the most frequently identified polymorphic sites on the β-globin gene. In our report, we present three cases with low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value in three and high red blood cell (RBC) value in two of the cases. The objective of this study was to further analyse the reason for condition of three patients, who were referred for the investigation of persistent anemia.

Materials and Methods

Following the HPLC analyses of Hb migration pattern, direct nucleotide sequencing of α- and β-globin genes was performed for all cases.

Results

The common finding was the homozygosity for the intronic change, IVSII-74 T > G.

Conclusion

In the intersection point of the variations on our patients, we claim a homozygous change at position 74 on the intron II of the β-globin gene alone may be sufficient to cause a β-thalassemia carrier phenotype.
Integrating Molecular Markers and Environmental Covariates To Interpret Genotype by Environment Interaction in Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Grown in Subtropical Areas
Authors: Monteverde Eliana , Gutierrez Lucía , Blanco Pedro , Pérez de Vida Fernando , Rosas Juan E , Bonnecarrère Victoria , Quero Gastón , McCouch Susan
Published: March 2019

Understanding the genetic and environmental basis of genotype × environment interaction (G×E) is of fundamental importance in plant breeding. If we consider G×E in the context of genotype × year interactions (G×Y), predicting which lines will have stable and superior performance across years is an important challenge for breeders. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to the overall grain yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) will lay the foundation for developing new breeding and selection strategies for combining high quality, with high yield. In this study, we used molecular marker data and environmental covariates (EC) simultaneously to predict rice yield, milling quality traits and plant height in untested environments (years), using both reaction norm models and partial least squares (PLS), in two rice breeding populations (indica and tropical japonica). We also sought to explain G×E by differential quantitative trait loci (QTL) expression in relation to EC. Our results showed that PLS models trained with both molecular markers and EC gave better prediction accuracies than reaction norm models when predicting future years. We also detected milling quality QTL that showed a differential expression conditional on humidity and solar radiation, providing insight for the main environmental factors affecting milling quality in subtropical and temperate rice growing areas.
A tranexámsav vérvesztést és kis vérzéses szövődményeket befolyásoló hatása cementes csípőprotézis beültetése után
Authors: Gombár Csaba , Gálity Hristifor , Bácsi Miklós , Sisák Krisztián
Published: March 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used during elective joint replacement to reduce blood loss and decrease the transfusion requirement. Aim:This study assessed the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing minor bleeding complications following primary cemented total hip replacement, when rivaroxaban is used as thromboprophylaxis, the complicated wound healing effect of which has been published recently. Method: Consecutive patients undergoing hip replacement were studied. Patients receiving tranexamic acid perioperatively between January 2014 and November 2014 were designated as the TXA-group. We compared these data with those of a group of patients who underwent the same procedure between February 2012 and December 2012 (control group), before the introduction of tranexamic acid. The authors investigated the effect of tranexamic acid on surgical wound bleeding and discharge, area of hematoma on the skin surface, thigh volume changes, calculated perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirement. Results: 168 patients, 81 in the TXA-group and 87 in the control group were included. The extent of postoperative thigh swelling was significantly less in the TXA-group, 270.3 mL (129.1–449.0) as compared with the control group, 539.8 mL (350.0–864.8, p<0.001). Tranexamic acid significantly reduced wound bleeding during the first 24 hours postoperatively (p<0.001). The amount of calculated blood loss was significantly less in the TXA-group (1150 mL [780–1496] versus 1579 mL [1313–2074] in the control group, p<0.001). Transfusion requirement was remarkably lower in the TXA-group than in the control group (15% versus 39%). Conclusions: Tranexamic acid reduces postoperative thigh volume, wound bleeding and area of hematoma on the skin surface when rivaroxaban is used as the anticoagulant. Further large scale studies could help establish the clinical relevance and long-term outcome of minor bleeding complications. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(12): 456–463.