bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acrylamide-Based Pd-Nanoparticle Carriers as Smart Catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amino Acids
Authors: Sabadasch Viktor , Dachwitz Steffen , Hellweg Thomas , Sewald Norbert , Hannappel Yvonne
Published: February 2022

Polyacrylamide-based waterborne microgels were prepared with copolymerized carboxylic acid and tertiary amine moieties. The colloidal gels were loaded with palladium nanoparticles and utilized for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amino acids and peptides. The thermoresponsive properties of the prepared microgels were characterized by means of photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) at solvent conditions of the catalytic reaction. The localization and morphology of the incorporated nanoparticles were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of N
α-Boc-4-iodophenylalanine and N
α-Boc-7-bromotryptophan with phenylboronic acid was carried out under ambient atmosphere in water at 20, 37, and 60 °C, respectively. The properties of the thermoresponsive microgel showed a strong influence on the reactivity and selectivity towards the respective substrate. For the amine containing microgels, a recyclability for up to four cycles without loss in activity could be realized. Furthermore, the systems showed good catalytic activity regarding Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of halogenated amino acids in selected tri- and tetrapeptides.
Comparison of endoscopic ultrasonography with and without contrast enhancement for characterization of pancreatic tumors: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yamashita Yasunobu , Shimokawa Toshio , Ashida Reiko , Napoléon Bertrand , Lisotti Andrea , Fusaroli Pietro , Gincul Rodica , Dietrich Christoph F. , Omoto Shunsuke , Kitano Masayuki
Published: February 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a reliable and efficient modality for detecting pancreatic tumors; however, plain EUS (P-EUS) is limited with respect to characterization of pancreatic tumors. Recently, the use of contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CH-EUS) has increased, and its utility for characterization of pancreatic tumors has been reported. This meta-analysis compares the diagnostic ability of P-EUS with that of CH-EUS for characterization of pancreatic tumors.

Methods A systematic meta-analysis of all potentially relevant articles in PubMed, the Cochrane library, and Google Scholar databases was performed. Fixed effects or random effects models were used to investigate pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio, with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Results This meta-analysis included 719 patients who underwent CH-EUS and 723 who underwent P-EUS, from six eligible studies. The pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 93 % (95 % CI, 0.90–0.95), 80 % (95 % CI, 0.75–0.85), and 57.9 (95 % CI, 25.9–130), respectively, for CH-EUS, and 86 % (95 % CI, 0.82–0.89), 59 % (95 % CI, 0.52–0.65), and 8.3 (95 % CI, 2.8–24.5) for P-EUS. The areas under the summary receiver operating characteristics curves for CH-EUS and P-EUS were 0.96 and 0.80, respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio for pancreatic cancer was 2.98 times higher on CH-EUS than on P-EUS (P = 0.03). Funnel plots demonstrated no publication bias.

Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrates that CH-EUS has higher diagnostic accuracy for pancreatic cancer than P-EUS, and is thus a valuable tool for characterization of pancreatic tumors.
Potassium tert-Butoxide Promoted Intramolecular Mizoroki–Heck-Type Radical Cyclization: Photoluminescence Properties and Application in Live Cancer-Cell Imaging
Authors: Sivaraman Mahalingam , Maheswari Narayanan Uma , Perumal Paramasivan T. , Mayakrishnan Sivakalai , Balachandran Chandrasekar , Aoki Shin
Published: February 2022

Privileged indole-fused phenanthridinones were synthesized by an inexpensive potassium tert-butoxide-promoted intramolecular Mizoroki–Heck-type radical cyclization. This method offers high atom- and step-economic C–C bond formation. An array of the synthesized compounds showed good photoluminescence properties, and could be successfully applied as fluorescent bioprobes for imaging of living cancer cells.
Mediastinal Rhabdomyosarcoma Feeding Off the Left Anterior Descending Artery
Authors: Guenther Milena , Richter Markus , Doenst Torsten , Rachow Tobias , Lang Susanne , Sandhaus Tim
Published: February 2022

We report the rare case of a 51-year-old patient with a 15 cm mediastinal rhabdomyosarcoma with blood supply from the left anterior descending artery presenting as a large mass including the pericardium with extensive contact to the epicardium compressing heart and left lung. The tumor was successfully removed through median sternotomy, blunt dissection from the heart and the left lung, resection of the infiltrated pericardium, and ligation of the tumor-feeding vessels using off-pump stabilizers. Histopathological examination revealed a spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma with R0 resection. The postoperative course was uneventful, and patient is feeling well at 3-month follow-up.
Knee Joint Distraction in a Dog as Treatment for Severe Osteoarthritis
Authors: Teunissen Michelle , Mastbergen Simon C. , Spoelman Dennis C. , Lafeber Floris P. , Ludwig Irene S. , Broere Femke , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Meij Björn P.
Published: February 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease diagnosed in veterinary practice. There is no cure; where conservative treatment fails, a joint prosthesis is the last resort. In human OA patients, temporary distraction is a joint-preserving treatment which provides clinical and structural benefits, and postpones the need for total knee replacement for up to 9 years. In this single case, feasibility of knee joint distraction (KJD) was assessed in a 9-year-old female Dobermann with severe OA. Osteoarthritis of the left stifle joint was diagnosed clinically and radiographically. Knee joint distraction was applied for 7 weeks using a custom-made, hinged, external fixator. Follow-up of 1 year included owner questionnaires, orthopaedic examination, radiography, and force plate analysis. Additionally, synovial fluid biomarkers were assessed. Application and removal of the KJD frame were successfully accomplished without surgical complications. During KJD, the dog tolerated the frame well and maintained the use of the left hindlimb. Mild pin tract infection developed during the distraction period, which responded well to oral antibiotic medications. Owners reported clinical improvement during KJD and the follow-up period. This was confirmed by force plate analysis, demonstrating improvement from 3 months and onward. KJD proved to be a feasible strategy to treat end-stage OA in this single case; clinical efficacy remains to be determined in a larger cohort.
Neuropsychiatric Treatments for Epilepsy: Nonpharmacological Approaches
Authors: Lopez Maria Raquel , Kanner Andres M.
Published: February 2022

Neuropsychiatric conditions are frequently found in patients with epilepsy (PWE). These entities can be as disabling as epilepsy resulting in a significant negative impact on the quality of life of this population if not addressed and treated appropriately. In this article, we provide an overview of non-pharmacological treatments currently available to these patients—and review their effect on mood and anxiety disorders as well as epilepsy. These treatment strategies will allow the practitioner to optimize clinical care during the initial evaluation, which begins with the recognition of the neuropsychiatric condition followed by the appropriate individualized psychotherapeutic approach and/or neuromodulation therapy. To plan a comprehensive treatment for PWE, practitioners must be familiar with these therapeutic tools. Additional clinical research is needed to further create a multidisciplinary team in the assessment and management of neuropsychiatric disorders in PWE.
Microwave Ablation of Spinal Osteoid Osteoma—Role of Air Insulation
Authors: Yadav Ajit , Seth Raghav , Gupta Arun
Published: February 2022

Osteoid osteomas are benign tumors seen in children and young adults. The management options include surgical resection and percutaneous ablation. In the present scenario, percutaneous ablation is the preferred modality, as it is minimally invasive, safe, and reliable. However, when the tumor is near a heat-vulnerable structure, thermal injury can occur.

We report the case of spinal osteoid osteoma in a young female that was treated by microwave ablation (MWA) with air insulation to prevent heat injury to the spinal cord. Currently, there is paucity of literature describing the use of air insulation with MWA. In this report, we describe the technique, advantages, and limitations of using air insulation with MWA.
Prolonged Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis May Not Be Necessary for DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Tertiary Center's 10-Year Experience
Authors: Huang Hao , Bernstein Jaime L. , Otterburn David M.
Published: February 2022

Background Based on the 2005 Caprini Risk Assessment Model for venous thromboembolism, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons prevention guidelines would result in prolonged chemoprophylaxis (1 week or more) for the majority of patients undergoing deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction. We aim to assess the necessity of prolonged prophylaxis by describing our institutional experience in thromboembolism prevention and evaluating the incidence of symptomatic VTE in our patient cohort.

Methods Women who underwent DIEP flap reconstruction from August 2011 to March 2020 at a tertiary care center were included. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for patient characteristics, VTE prophylaxis regimens, and development of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism within 60 days of surgery. Caprini scores were calculated for all patients.

Results Out of the 249 patients included in the study, 245 patients received chemoprophylaxis only during hospitalization, while four patients additionally received anticoagulant for at least 2 weeks after discharge for prophylactic or therapeutic indications. The cohort's average Caprini score was 6.0, with 72.7% of scores between 3 and 6 and 26.5% at 7 or higher. One patient (0.4%), who scored a 7 and received prophylaxis only while hospitalized, developed deep vein thrombosis. There were no cases of pulmonary embolism. There was no significant difference in VTE rate between patients who received chemoprophylaxis consistent with ASPS guidelines and those who did not (p = 1.000).

Conclusion Despite our limited chemoprophylaxis use in DIEP flap patients, our VTE incidence is low. This current work suggests that the blanket application of prolonged prophylaxis is not warranted, and it further serves as impetus to re-evaluate the 2005 Caprini RAM in this patient population.
Association of the Extent of Resection with Survival in Multiple Primary Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tamburini Nicola , Bombardini Cristina , Chiappetta Marco , Maniscalco Pio , Valpiani Giorgia , Cesario Alfredo , Cirocchi Roberto , Anania Gabriele , Stefanelli Antonio , Cavallesco Giorgio , Margaritora Stefano , Lococo Filippo
Published: February 2022

Background The incidence of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (SMPLC) has progressively increased, due to recent advances in imaging. To date, no guidelines defining recommendations for patients' selection and no standard treatment of cases with SMPLC have been defined.

The primary aim of this systematic review was to assess survival among patients treated with lobectomy or sublobar resection MPLC.

Methods Comprehensive literature search of Medline, the Cochrane Library, reference lists, and ongoing studies was performed according to a prospectively registered design (PROSPERO: CRD42019115487). All studies published between 1998 and December 2020 that examined treatments with lobectomy compared to sublobar resection were included. Two double-blind investigators independently selected articles.

Primary outcomes were to assess the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate among patients treated with lobectomy or sublobar resection and the impact of lymph node status on 5-year OS and 5-year disease-free survival in patients with MPLC.

Results The search yielded 424 articles; 4 observational studies met the inclusion criteria and collectively evaluated 298 patients with a mean age ranging from 61.5 to 67 years. A total of 112 patients were treated for bilateral synchronous tumors and 186 patients for unilateral multiple synchronous tumors. All included studies showed that the type of resection, lobectomy or limited resection, had no significant impact on survival.

Conclusion Limited resection is a valuable treatment option for MPLC. However, the clinical level of evidence of the studies found is low and randomized studies are needed to clarify the extent of resection in MPLC.
The Impact of Wearing a Face Mask during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Temporomandibular Joint: A Radiological and Questionnaire Assessment
Authors: Zuhour Moath , Ismayilzade Majid , Dadacı Mehmet , Ince Bilsev
Published: February 2022

Aim Several health problems have been reported to be triggered or facilitated by prolonged mask usage during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While wearing a face mask, people tend to push their jaws forward and downward in a repetitive manner to hold their masks in the right position; these jaw motions may induce temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). In this study, we aimed to investigate these repetitive jaw movements while wearing face masks and their effects on TMD.

Patients and Methods Patients who applied with TMD signs between June 2020 and May 2021 were evaluated prospectively. A survey using a questionnaire was conducted to define patients with TMD that caused only by mask-related repetitive jaw movements. Demographic data (age and gender), mean duration of daily mask usage, mask type, and magnetic resonance imaging results were recorded.

Results Prolonged daily mask usage (≥8 hours/day) was significantly higher in patients with mask-related habits (group a) with a rate of 40.4% (p ≈ 0.001). Also, in this group, the disc displacement with reduction rate (54.6%) was higher compared with other groups (p ≈ 0.010). On the contrary, patients with no underlying risk factor (group c) showed an unexpected high osteoarthritis rate (p ≈ 0.029).

Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate that correcting the position of a face mask by repetitive jaw movements can increase the occurrence of TMD. Informing individuals wearing face masks about the risk of TMD and the importance of choosing the appropriate mask size according to the face shape are important issues to be addressed in the near future.
Distal Biceps Femoris Tendon Tear in an Active-Duty Soldier: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Unangst Alicia , Tamate Trent , Bottoni Craig R. , Zhou Liang
Published: February 2022

Distal hamstring injuries and tendon ruptures are rarer than their proximal counterparts, and literature on the management of these injuries is limited. We present a case report of an active-duty soldier who sustained an intratendinous rupture isolated to the long head of the biceps femoris, as well as a summary of the available evidence on this subject matter. A combined end-to-end repair with partial tenodesis to the intact short head allowed the patient a near-full return to military duties at 5 months postoperatively. Surgery combined with diligent, supervised rehabilitation may be effective in returning patients with intratendinous distal biceps femoris tendon tears to athletic lifestyles.
Presentation of an Infant with Chromosome 18p Deletion Syndrome and Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy
Authors: Kocaaga Ayca , Yimenicioglu Sevgi
Published: February 2022

The frequency of 18p deletion syndrome is estimated to be ∼1/50,000 live births and is more commonly associated with certain clinical features including short stature, intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphism. Physical examination of our patient revealed a short stature, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism (microcephaly, ptosis, epicanthus, low nasal bridge, protruding ears, long philtrum, and thin lips), and clinodactyly of the fifth finger. The peripheral karyotype was 46, XX, del (18) (p11.32p11.2). DNA microarray analysis revealed a de novo 13.9-Mb deletion at 18p11.32p.11.21. Echocardiography revealed asymmetric septal hypertrophy. Congenital cardiac abnormalities are present very rarely in this syndrome. This finding suggests that one locus or loci that play a role in cardiac development is located in this chromosomal region. Although rare, cardiac hypertrophies should be kept in mind when evaluating a patient with phenotypic anomalies and genetic results compatible with an 18p deletion syndrome.
kma Entscheider Blog: Die TOP 3 To-dos für Klinikgeschäftsführer in 2022
Authors: Heurich Manuel
Published: February 2022

Das Jahr 2022 bringt für Kliniken einige Herausforderungen mit sich, die Klinikgeschäftsführer mit hoher Priorität angehen müssen. Was vorrangig auf der Agenda stehen sollte, fasse ich im Folgenden zusammen.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: February 2022

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse ausgewählter Kliniken
Laborautomation: Kollege Roboter
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: February 2022

Das Labor der Asklepios Klinik Bad Oldesloe wird nachts und am Wochenende komplett von zwei Robotern betrieben. Weil es zunehmend an (menschlichen) Fachkräften fehlt, verspricht sich der Konzern viel von der Technologie. Ein Besuch vor Ort.
Tourism planning in the central highlands: policies and practices.
Authors: Duong Thuy T. , Pham Tuan Q. , Truong Hai Q. , Bui Huong T. , Tran Thanh D. , Phi Giang T.
Published: February 2022

This chapter discusses the gaps between planning for sustainable tourism and the reality of resource allocation and their utilization for development. The study is based on the case of Ðak Lak province located in South-central Vietnam. The area is not only the most populous province in the Central Highland Region, it also has the highest ratio of ethnic diversity in the country; 49 out of 54 ethnic minority groups find their homes there. Regional richness in cultural resources has derived from ethnic group lifestyles in harmony with the environment of mountains, highlands, powerful rivers and waterfalls.
Marine and island tourism: stakeholder involvement in policy formulation and implementation.
Authors: Do Huong H. , Phi Giang T.
Published: February 2022

This chapter starts with an overall evaluation of resources for marine tourism, then applies stakeholder theory and other methodological approaches to the analysis of marine tourism policy formulation and implementation. To highlight the current problems associated with marine tourism policies, two case studies on Phú Quoc and Côn Ðao islands are used to emphasize the local authority role in tourism development policy as well as the differences in the degree of openness for marine and coastal tourism development.
Human resources management practices in the tourism industry.
Authors: Hoang Thu G. , Do Huong H. , Le Andrew
Published: February 2022

Acknowledging the necessity to help organizations deal with the challenges from within, this chapter reviews the common HR practices of businesses in the tourism industry in Vietnam, focusing on the issues related to these practices. Commencing with a brief review of the HR practices in the tourism and hospitality sector contexts, the chapter then draws an overall picture of the HR for Vietnam tourism and discusses the widespread concerns about the quantity and quality of tourism workers. Finally, based on the review of extant studies and reports concerning HR management in the tourism sector, specific recommendations are provided to the industry's key stakeholders.
When bio is not green: the impacts of bumblebee translocation and invasion on native ecosystems
Authors: Lohrmann Josefina , Cecchetto Nicolás R. , Aizen Nahuel , Arbetman, Marina P. , Zattara Eduardo E.
Published: February 2022

Adequate pollination is fundamental to optimize reproduction and yield of most flowering plants, including many staple food crops. Plants depending on insect pollination rely heavily on many wild species of solitary and social bees, and declines or absence of bees often hampers crop productivity, prompting supplementation of pollination services with managed bees. Though honeybees are the most widely deployed managed pollinators, many high-value crops are pollinated more efficiently by bumblebees (
Bombus
spp.), prompting domestication and commercial rearing of several species. This led to a blooming international trade that translocated species outside their native range, where they escaped management and invaded the ecosystems around their deployment sites. Here, we briefly review the history of bumblebee invasions and their main impacts on invaded ecosystems, and close by discussing alternatives to the use of commercially reared bumblebees to enhance crop pollination. As evidence of widespread negative effects on local ecosystems of bumblebee invasions builds up, bumblebee trade adds to the list of examples of “biological” strategies devised to solve agricultural problems that ended up being far from the “green,” eco-friendly solutions they were expected to be.
From Atherosclerosis to Myocardial Infarction: A Process-Oriented Model Investigating the Role of Risk Factors
Authors: Simonetto Cristoforo , Heier Margit , Peters Annette , Kaiser Jan Christian , Rospleszcz Susanne
Published: February 2022

Mathematical models are able to reflect biological processes and to capture epidemiologic data. Thus, they may help elucidate roles of risk factors in disease progression. We propose to account for smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in a previously published process-oriented model that describes the development of atherosclerotic lesions resulting in myocardial infarction (MI). The model is sex-specific and incorporates individual heterogeneity. It was applied to population-based individual risk factors and MI rates (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) study) together with subclinical atherosclerotic lesion data (Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study). Different model variants were evaluated, testing the association of risk factors with different disease processes. Best fits were obtained for smoking affecting a late-stage disease process, suggesting a thrombogenic role. Hypertension was mainly related to complicated, vulnerable lesions. Dyslipidemia was consistent with increasing the number of initial lesions. By accounting for heterogeneity, individual hazard ratios differ from the population average. The mean individual hazard ratio for smoking was twice the population-based hazard ratio for men and even more for women. Atherosclerotic lesion progression and MI incidence data can be related in a mathematical model to illuminate how risk factors affect different phases of this pathological process.
Association Between Ultra-Processed Food Intake and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Taneri Petek Eylul , Wehrli Faina , Roa-Díaz Zayne M , Itodo Oche Adam , Salvador Dante , Raeisi-Dehkordi Hamidreza , Bally Lia , Minder Beatrice , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C , Laine Jessica E , Bano Arjola , Glisic Marija , Muka Taulant
Published: February 2022

Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has increased worldwide during the last decades because they are hyperpalatable, cheap, and ready-to-consume products. However, uncertainty exists about their impact on health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association of UPF consumption with all-cause mortality risk. Five bibliographic databases were searched for relevant studies. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of 6,951 unique citations, 40 unique prospective cohort studies comprising 5,750,133 individuals were included; publication dates ranged from 1984 to 2021. Compared with low consumption, highest consumption of UPF (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.42), sugar-sweetened beverages (RR = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.04, 1.18), artificially sweetened beverages (RR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.05, 1.22), and processed meat/red meat (RR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.10, 1.21) were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. However, breakfast cereals were associated with a lower mortality risk (RR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.79, 0.92). This meta-analysis suggests that high consumption of UPF, sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, processed meat, and processed red meat might increase all-cause mortality, while breakfast cereals might decrease it. Future studies are needed to address lack of standardized methods in UPF categorization.
The anti-inflammatory properties of ethyl acetate fraction in ethanol extract from Sarcodia suiae sp. alleviates atopic dermatitis-like lesion in mice
Authors: Chen Pei-Chin , Lo Yi-Hao , Huang Shi-Ying , Liu Hsin-Lu , Yao Zhi-Kang , Chang Chi-I , Wen Zhi-Hong
Published: February 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory and pruritic disease; it can be treated by inhibiting inflammation. Sarcodia suiae sp. is an edible, artificially cultivable red algae with multiple bioactivities. We assessed the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of S. suiae sp. ethanol extract (PD1) on 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like lesions. Results show that PD1 alleviated symptoms and significantly decreased clinical dermatitis score. PD1 inhibited serum immunoglobulin E expression and alleviated swelling in the spleen and subiliac lymph nodes. In skin tissues, PD1 alleviated aberrant hyperplasia, decreased epidermal thickness, and decreased the accumulation of mast cells. PD1 mediated the recovery of skin barrier-related proteins, such as claudin-1 and filaggrin. Our study demonstrated that PD1 has anti-inflammatory effects, alleviates AD symptoms, inhibits inflammatory responses in skin tissues, and restores barrier function in DNCB-induced AD mice. These findings reveal that S. suiae sp. extract provides an alternative protective option against AD.
Genome-wide association studies dissect the genetic architecture of seed shape and size in common bean
Authors: Giordani Willian , Gama Henrique Castro , Chiorato Alisson Fernando , Garcia Antonio Augusto Franco , Vieira Maria Lucia Carneiro
Published: February 2022

Seed weight and size are important yield components. Thus, selecting for large seeds has been a key objective in crop domestication and breeding. In common bean, seed shape is also important since it influences industrial processing and plays a vital role in determining the choices of consumers and farmers. In this study, we performed genome-wide association studies on a core collection of common bean accessions to dissect the genetic architecture and identify genomic regions associated with seed morphological traits related to weight, size, and shape. Phenotypic data were collected by high-throughput image-based approaches, and utilized to test associations with 10,362 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers using multilocus mixed models. We searched within genome-associated regions for candidate genes putatively involved in seed phenotypic variation. The collection exhibited high variability for the entire set of seed traits, and the Andean gene pool was found to produce larger, heavier seeds than the Mesoamerican gene pool. Strong pairwise correlations were verified for most seed traits. Genome-wide association studies identified marker–trait associations accounting for a considerable amount of phenotypic variation in length, width, projected area, perimeter, and circularity in 4 distinct genomic regions. Promising candidate genes were identified, e.g. those encoding an AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 8, type 2C protein phosphatases, and a protein Mei2-like 4 isoform, known to be associated with seed size and weight regulation. Moreover, the genes that were pinpointed are also good candidates for functional analysis to validate their influence on seed shape and size in common bean and other related crops.
Evolution of EU technical measures for the avoidance of unwanted catch in the light of scientific evaluation and advice from the STECF; the good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Kraak Sarah B M
Published: February 2022

The EU deploys technical measures (TMs) to avoid unwanted catches—here, overquota catches and juveniles of commercial species—including gear specifications and closures. In 2012, the European Commission had asked its advisory committee, Scientific, Technical, and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF), to evaluate the TMs and provide recommendations for improvement. In 2012–2013, STECF judged that the TMs had failed to achieve their objectives and identified approaches for improvement: (1) regionalization and move away from top-down management; (2) bottom-up results-based management to internalize the costs to the resource into individual businesses; and (3) abandon threshold percentages of bycatch leading to perverse incentives. In 2014, the new EU Common Fisheries Policy came in force, with a landing obligation (LO), and regionalization. In 2019, the new TM regulation (TMR) came in force. Besides sets of regional baseline measures, the TMR allows for regional proposals for amendments and results-based bottom-up approaches (“the good”). However, the LO is not enforced, therefore, not providing the incentive for change in fishing practices; and despite avoidance strategies being available regional, innovative bottom-up practices are still rare (“the bad”). TMs still contain threshold percentages (“the ugly”). The onus for bottom-up initiatives is on the industry, although new governance structures are needed to facilitate this.
Variations and Challenges to Performing Outside Study Interpretations in Breast Imaging: A National Survey of the Society of Breast Imaging Membership
Authors: Dontchos Brian N , Dodelzon Katerina , Dogan Basak E , Sonnenblick Emily B , Destounis Stamatia , Yang Roger , Dialani Vandana , Perera Vidushani , Grimm Lars J
Published: February 2022

Objective

Second-opinion interpretations of outside facility breast imaging provide value-added care but are operationally challenging for breast radiologists. Our objective was to survey members of the Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) to assess practice patterns and perceived barriers to performing outside study interpretations (OSIs).

Methods

An anonymous survey was developed by the Patient Care and Delivery Committee of the SBI and distributed via e-mail to SBI radiologist members. Survey questions included practice demographics and OSI volumes, billing practices, clinical scenarios, and imaging modalities, logistics, and barriers. Responses were aggregated and comparisons were made by univariate analysis using likelihood ratio tests, t-tests, and Spearman’s rank correlation tests as appropriate. Ordinal or nominal logistic modeling and linear regression modeling was also performed.

Results

There were 371 responses (response rate of 13%). Most respondents practice at an affiliated specialty breast care center (306/371, 83%) and said their practice performed OSIs (256/371, 69%). Academic practices reported the highest OSI volumes (median 75 per month) and were most likely to indicate increases in OSI volumes over time (100/144, 69%). The most common indication for OSI was second opinion for a biopsy recommendation (245/256, 96%). Most practices provide a final BI-RADS assessment (183/261, 70%). The most cited barrier to performing OSIs was physician time constraints (252/369, 68%).

Conclusion

Breast imaging OSI practice patterns are variable among SBI members with notable differences by practice setting and multiple barriers identified. More unified guidelines and recommendations may be needed for radiologists to better perform this valuable task.
Introduction
Authors: Gussak David E.
Published: February 2022

The Introduction provides the theoretical scaffolding on which this book is built. The first section, “The Art of Violence,” provides an essential summary of how the terms “violence” and “aggression” are defined, followed by various psychological and sociological perspectives on the etiology of violence. This includes neurological/neurobiological, psychodynamic, cognitive/social learning, and social interaction lenses. The second section, “The Violence of Art,” explores the relationship between art and violence; particularly how creativity emerges from aggression and how “art making turns aside aggression,” as explained through the neurobiological, psychological, and sociological lenses examined in the first section. Several examples of art made by violent and aggressive clients in art therapy are used to illustrate this section.
Angelic Demons
Authors: Gussak David E.
Published: February 2022

“Particularly sordid personalities often lurk behind captivating works of beauty.” Six artists from different historical epochs with different aesthetic styles all had one thing in common: each demonstrated particularly aggressive and violent behaviors. Three of them, Caravaggio, Cellini, and Dali, represented artists whose violence arose out of their narcissistic identities, and this chapter explores how their artistic drives arose from the same impulses that drove their violence. Modigliani, Pollock, and Dadd are examples of artists who exhibited impulsive acts because of substance use or neurological/mental health issues. Their art became a means to mitigate and redirect the impulsive discharge of energy exposed by the reduction of effective resistance and defenses: the art sublimated their aggressive tendencies. While the work of these six artists may not have always been successful in redirecting their violence, their creative drives seemed to benefit from their aggressive energy.
Art of the Perpetrator and the Oppressed
Authors: Gussak David E.
Published: February 2022

Chapter 3 juxtaposes the art of Adolf Hitler, an unsuccessful artist before he became a politician/dictator, and the art of those he persecuted, whose work provided both evidence and resistance. The first part of this chapter provides a brief narrative of Hitler’s trajectory from uninspiring artist to murderous dictator. It posits that he relied on his art to reinforce his narcissistic self-aggrandizement, which it failed to do. It also explores how, by labeling art as either acceptable or “degenerate,” he was able to assert cultural control and repression; he also used art as a weapon. The second part focuses on artists who created work to undercut their predators’ determination to eradicate their humanity, fighting back with the only tools and weapons at their disposal. The chapter’s illustrations bring into relief the emotionally connected and disconnected, those with technical skill compared to passionate expression, and humanity versus inhumanity.
Wielding a New Weapon
Authors: Gussak David E.
Published: February 2022

Unexpectedly, many violent serial killers had a propensity to draw and paint; what is more, there exists a remarkable and pervasive societal fascination for such artifacts. To explore the work of such violent perpetrators, this chapter begins by classifying distinct types of multiple murderers, particularly mass, serial, and spree killers, followed by a brief examination of society’s simultaneous repulsion and fascination with “murderabilia.” The chapter presents seven profiles of multiple murderers who drew and painted: Tommy Lynn Sells, Richard Ramirez, Danny Rolling, Gary Ray Bowles, Glenn Rogers, Charles Ng, and Gerard John Schaefer. Ultimately, it was recognized that, rather than helping mitigate their violent actions, their work seemed to reflect and further perpetuate their own narcissistic glorification. They used their art to fortify their grandiose identities and continue their potential predatory dominance over their victims.
“Doomed by the Confusion in Their Design”: Racialized Urban Space, Redlining, and Monolithic Whiteness in Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones
Authors: Beckett Balthazar I
Published: February 2022

While Paule Marshall’s novel Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) has long been celebrated as a pivotal text in the canon of Caribbean American and African American women's literature, not enough attention has been paid to the material conditions underlying the coming-of-age story of her main protagonist, Selina Boyce. A close reading of the novel’s engagement with urban space—in particular with the changes that Brooklyn's Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood undergoes in the late 1930s and early 1940s—reveals not only that the text contains an astute critique of American race formation at one of its most crucial moments, namely in the context of the New Deal’s policies of redlining and white flight, but also that Marshall ought to be considered as an early, but important, voice of both critical race theory and whiteness studies.
The Diseased Body Politic of Early America in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy
Authors: Basu Srimayee
Published: February 2022

This essay reads Toni Morrison’s A Mercy (2008) to reexamine the biopolitical role of proto-epidemiological discourse in the seventeenth-century Atlantic world. By focusing on the intersecting stories of malaise in the novel—The Great Plague of 1665 in London, smallpox outbreaks in colonial America, and disease and mass deaths on slave ships—I unpack the ways in which disease and its management played a role not only in preserving racial formations but also in producing them. Morrison’s repudiation of the notion of disease as a social equalizer forms the core of the essay’s inquiry, as I argue that materialist and historicist readings of early Atlantic world pandemics can help theorize the differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on raced subjects. The essay also probes the interpretive possibilities of rereading medical histories by centering the narratives of Black and Indigenous women and examining the ways in which such an oppositional reading may mitigate the archival and conceptual gaps in our understanding of both disease and body normativity. Woven into these argumentative strands is a critical consideration of historical method. The essay demonstrates that Morrison’s rendering of medical history is more expansive than that of the conventional historical novel, as her attempt is not to recreate accounts of early American pandemics but rather to disrupt a linear progress narrative of Western medicine.
What drives the scatter of local star-forming galaxies in the BPT diagrams? A Machine Learning based analysis
Authors: Curti Mirko , Hayden-Pawson Connor , Maiolino Roberto , Belfiore Francesco , Mannucci Filippo , Concas Alice , Cresci Giovanni , Marconi Alessandro , Cirasuolo Michele
Published: February 2022

We investigate which physical properties are most predictive of the position of local star forming galaxies on the BPT diagrams, by means of different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Exploiting the large statistics from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we define a framework in which the deviation of star-forming galaxies from their median sequence can be described in terms of the relative variations in a variety of observational parameters. We train artificial neural networks (ANN) and random forest (RF) trees to predict whether galaxies are offset above or below the sequence (via classification), and to estimate the exact magnitude of the offset itself (via regression). We find, with high significance, that parameters primarily associated to variations in the nitrogen-over-oxygen abundance ratio (N/O) are the most predictive for the [N ii]-BPT diagram, whereas properties related to star formation (like variations in SFR or EW(H α)) perform better in the [S ii]-BPT diagram. We interpret the former as a reflection of the N/O–O/H relationship for local galaxies, while the latter as primarily tracing the variation in the effective size of the S+ emitting region, which directly impacts the [S ii] emission lines. This analysis paves the way to assess to what extent the physics shaping local BPT diagrams is also responsible for the offsets seen in high redshift galaxies or, instead, whether a different framework or even different mechanisms need to be invoked.
Nivolumab plus radiotherapy with or without temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: Results from exploratory phase I cohorts of CheckMate 143
Authors: Omuro Antonio , Reardon David A , Sampson John H , Baehring Joachim , Sahebjam Solmaz , Cloughesy Timothy F , Chalamandaris Alexandros-Georgios , Potter Von , Butowski Nicholas , Lim Michael
Published: February 2022

Background

The phase 1 cohorts (1c+1d) of CheckMate 143 (NCT02017717) evaluated the safety/tolerability and efficacy of nivolumab plus radiotherapy (RT) ± temozolomide (TMZ) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Methods

In total, 136 patients were enrolled. In part A (safety lead-in), 31 patients (n = 15, methylated/unknown MGMT promoter; n = 16, unmethylated MGMT promoter) received nivolumab and RT+TMZ (NIVO+RT+TMZ) and 30 patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter received NIVO+RT. In part B (expansion), patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter were randomized to NIVO+RT+TMZ (n = 29) or NIVO+RT (n = 30). Primary endpoint was safety/tolerability; secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Results

NIVO+RT±TMZ was tolerable; grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 51.6% (NIVO+RT+TMZ) and 30.0% (NIVO+RT) of patients in part A and 46.4% (NIVO+RT+TMZ) and 28.6% (NIVO+RT) in part B. No new safety signals were detected. In part A, median OS (mOS) with NIVO+RT+TMZ was 33.38 months (95% CI, 16.2 to not estimable) in patients with methylated MGMT promoter. In patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter, mOS was 16.49 months (12.94–22.08) with NIVO+RT+TMZ and 14.41 months (12.55–17.31) with NIVO+RT. In part B, mOS was 14.75 months (10.01–18.6) with NIVO+RT+TMZ and 13.96 months (10.81–18.14) with NIVO+RT in patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter.

Conclusions

CheckMate 143 was the first trial evaluating immune checkpoint inhibition with first-line treatment of glioblastoma. Results showed that NIVO can be safely combined with RT±TMZ, with no new safety signals. Toxicities, including lymphopenia, were more frequent with NIVO+RT+TMZ. OS was similar with or without TMZ in patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter, and differences by MGMT methylation status were observed.
The Emergence of Market Structure
Authors: Farboodi Maryam , Jarosch Gregor , Shimer Robert
Published: February 2022

We study a model of over-the-counter trading in which ex ante identical traders invest in a contact technology and participate in bilateral trade. We show that a rich market structure emerges both in equilibrium and in an optimal allocation. There is continuous heterogeneity in market access under weak regularity conditions. If the cost per contact is constant, heterogeneity is governed by a power law and there are middlemen, market participants with unboundedly high contact rates who account for a positive fraction of meetings. Externalities lead to overinvestment in equilibrium, and policies that reduce investment in the contact technology can improve welfare. We relate our findings to important features of real-world trading networks.
The performance of different classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus in a real-world rheumatology department
Authors: Tan Brandon C H , Tang Isaac , Bonin Julie , Koelmeyer Rachel , Hoi Alberta
Published: February 2022

Objective

New classification criteria have been proposed to improve classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to evaluate their performance by determining their sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in a real-world rheumatology department.

Methods

SLE patients who were enrolled in the Australian Lupus Registry and Biobank were included and compared with controls recruited from other rheumatology clinics. Clinical and immunological features were reviewed, according to ACR 1997, SLICC 2012, EULAR/ACR 2019, or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk Probability Index (SLERPI). Performance of each set of criteria was evaluated for the overall cohort and in a subgroup of patients with early SLE.

Results

The study included 394 SLE and 123 control patients with other rheumatological conditions. Sensitivity was highest using SLICC 2012 or SLERPI 2020 criteria. Specificity was highest using ACR 1997 criteria. The SLICC 2012 criteria had the highest overall accuracy at 94.4% (95% CI: 91.7, 97.1%). In the subgroup analysis of SLE patients with early disease, SLICC 2012 performed similarly well.

Conclusions

The sensitivity and specificity of each set of classification criteria vary slightly, with SLICC 2012 and SLERPI 2020 having the highest sensitivities and the ACR 1997 criteria having the highest specificity in our patient cohort. All classification criteria serve as good instructional aids for clinicians to understand SLE manifestations. For the Australian Lupus Registry and Biobank, we will continue to use the ACR 1997 and/or SLICC 2012 as entry to the observational cohort.
DISTRIBUTION OF GAMMA RADIATION DOSE RATE AND ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN SOIL RELATED WITH NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES ON TAIWAN MAIN ISLAND
Authors: Saito Kyoko , Inoue Kazumasa , Ishita Yuya , Shimizu Hideo , Fukushi Masahiro
Published: February 2022

To enable precise assessment of health impacts following a nuclear power plant accident, extensive and detailed data on environmental radiation levels are needed. This study was undertaken to investigate the air and the soil radiation levels using a car-borne survey on the main island of Taiwan where no extensive environmental radiation distribution survey had been conducted before. The mean air absorbed dose rate on this island was 57 ± 10 nGy h−1. The measured dose rate distribution varied depending on the geology of the soils, and ranged from 22 to 113 nGy h−1. The mean radiation level in soil was 539 ± 124 Bq kg−1 for 40K, 23 ± 8 Bq kg−1 for 238U and 41 ± 22 Bq kg−1 for 232Th. The air absorbed dose rate (58 nGy h−1) calculated from these data of mean radiation level in soil was comparable to that determined by the car-borne survey method. Thus, this study yielded detailed data on air absorbed dose rate depending primarily on the geology of the soils on the main island of Taiwan.
Perspective – ultrastructural analyses reflect the effects of sleep and sleep loss on neuronal cell biology
Authors: Wang Lijing , Aton Sara J
Published: February 2022

Recent electron microscopic analyses of neurons in the Drosophila and rodent brain demonstrate that acute or chronic sleep loss can alter the structures of various organelles, including mitochondria, nucleus, and Golgi apparatus. Here, we discuss these findings in the context of biochemical findings from the sleep deprived brain, to clarify how these morphological changes may related to altered organelle function. We discuss how, taken together, the available data suggest that sleep loss (particularly chronic sleep loss) disrupts such fundamental cellular processes as transcription, translation, intracellular transport, and metabolism. A better understanding of these effects will have broad implications for understanding the biological importance of sleep, and the relationship of sleep loss to neuropathology.
Jobs and Productivity Growth in Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Twenty-five Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Pahl Stefan , Timmer Marcel P , Gouma Reitze , Woltjer Pieter J
Published: February 2022

Using newly developed data, the evolution of job and productivity growth in global value chains (GVCs) is analyzed for 25 low- and middle-income countries. GVC jobs are found to be more productive than non-GVC jobs. Their share in the total labor force is small, in particular for low-income countries. Growth in GVC jobs varies widely across countries in the period 2000–2014. Part of this can be accounted for by differences in the type of consumer market served. A bigger part is accounted for by the speed with which countries expand activities within supply chains, measured by their shares in GVC value added. Expansion in GVCs is positively correlated with labor productivity across countries as well as over time within GVCs.