bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión estructurada de literatura (REL) sobre factores clave para la participación ciudadana en el control social a la gestión pública
Authors: Lima Fonseca Mônica Maria , Cosenza José Paulo , De Melo de Albuquerque Ribeiro Cíntia
Published: March 2024

Esta investigación propone identificar cómo las directrices propuestas en los informes financieros del sector público pueden contribuir a la mejoría de los mecanismos de control social en la administración pública. Se desarrolla una revisión estructurada de literatura (REL) en las bases Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Spell y Scielo consolidando aquellos factores que han sido incluidos en investigaciones sobre rendición pública de cuentas en el período 2010-2022. Con el propósito de ilustrar la utilidad de la REL, se acude a la aplicación práctica del método propuesto por Massaro, Dumay y Guthrie (2016) como ayuda metodológica. Dicha metodología intenta examinar un corpus de literatura académica para desarrollar ideas, reflexiones críticas, caminos de investigación futuros y preguntas de investigación en el área contable. Los resultados indican que es posible mejorar el control social sobre la rendición pública de cuentas con la identificación de las demandas de información de los ciudadanos, la definición de un formato de informe comprensible, de lectura fácil y diseño amigable y el uso de tecnologías que faciliten la difusión de la información y la comunicación con los ciudadanos. Precisamente, se exponen futuros caminos oportunos e impactantes para los investigadores y académicos, contribuyendo a la literatura contable sobre rendición pública de cuentas y control social.
Offset-Free Koopman Model Predictive Control of Thermal Comfort Regulation for a Variable Refrigerant Flow-Dedicated Outdoor Air System-Combined System
Authors: Pan Chao , Li Yaoyu , Dong Liujia
Published: March 2024

Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system has been an appealing solution of air conditioning for residential and commercial buildings, due to its flexibility and cost effectiveness, while lack of ventilation capability is a major drawback. Incorporation of dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) is a typical practice. However, good coordination between DOAS and VRF is critical for achieving desired thermal comfort is challenging due to the possible complexity of mixed sensible and latent heat exchanges. In this paper, to handle the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of VRF-DOAS system, we propose an offset-free Koopman model predictive control (MPC) strategy for thermal comfort regulation, in which the MPC design is computationally more efficient due to the convex problem formulation and the use of reduced-order Koopman models, and the offset-free MPC structure enhances the robustness to model uncertainties and unmeasured disturbances. A control-oriented model is obtained by hybridizing the first-principle and data-driven modeling approach. The proposed controls strategy is evaluated with a Modelica simulation model of a VRF-DOAS system. A Dymola-Python cosimulation platform is developed via the functional mockup interface (FMI), for which the MPC algorithms are implemented in Python. Simulation results show significantly better performance of the offset-free Koopman MPC in thermal comfort regulation.
Model-Based Extreme Weather Data for Predicting the Performance of Buildings Entirely Conditioned by Ambient Energy
Authors: Sharp M. Keith
Published: March 2024

This study reports the development of extreme meteorological year (XMY) data for simulating buildings that are heated and cooled entirely by ambient energy in four climates varying in outdoor temperature and cloudiness. Electrification of conventional buildings is insufficient to meet climate goals since nearly half of U.S. electricity will still be produced from fossil fuels by 2050. Ambient-conditioned buildings depend on non-fossil sources such as the sun for heating and nighttime air or sky radiation for cooling. Such buildings are more susceptible to weather variability than conventional buildings, which simply use more auxiliary energy whenever weather conditions are challenging. On the other hand, ambient-conditioned buildings are more resilient to power outages so long as the design accounts for unusual weather during extreme years to consistently maintain indoor comfort. Ambient-conditioned buildings designed to remain comfortable with typical meteorological year (TMY2020) data produced up to over 1000 h per year of uncomfortable indoor temperature during the years (1998–2020) from which the TMY was derived. Parameters related to outdoor air temperature, sky temperature, and insolation were found to be unreliable for identifying the most challenging years. Rather, a whole-building model allowed the identification of the two most challenging years for heating and cooling, respectively. An XMY file concatenated from the most challenging summer and the most challenging winter provided a good match of indoor temperature predictions to those from the full individual years. This new XMY file facilitates the design of ambient-conditioned buildings for reliable indoor comfort.
FOXL2 interaction with different binding partners regulates the dynamics of ovarian development
Authors: Migale Roberta , Neumann Michelle , Mitter Richard , Rafiee Mahmoud-Reza , Wood Sophie , Olsen Jessica , Lovell-Badge Robin
Published: March 2024

The transcription factor FOXL2 is required in ovarian somatic cells for female fertility. Differential timing ofFoxl2deletion, in embryonic versus adult mouse ovary, leads to distinctive outcomes, suggesting different roles across development. Here, we comprehensively investigated FOXL2’s role through a multi-omics approach to characterize gene expression dynamics and chromatin accessibility changes, coupled with genome-wide identification of FOXL2 targets and on-chromatin interacting partners in somatic cells across ovarian development. We found that FOXL2 regulates more targets postnatally, through interaction with factors regulating primordial follicle formation and steroidogenesis. Deletion of one interactor, ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (Usp7), results in impairment of somatic cell differentiation, germ cell nest breakdown, and ovarian development, leading to sterility. Our datasets constitute a comprehensive resource for exploration of the molecular mechanisms of ovarian development and causes of female infertility.
Draft genome sequence of
Arthrobacter
sp. strain B10-11 isolated from the tomato rhizosphere
Authors: Chaboy-Cansado Ruben , Cobeta Paula , Roscales Gabriel , Aguirre de Cárcer Daniel , Rastrojo Alberto
Published: March 2024

In the present work, we present the draft genome sequence of a new putative

Arthrobacter

species associated with the tomato rhizosphere.
Dual RNA sequencing of
Helicobacter pylori
and host cell transcriptomes reveals ontologically distinct host-pathogen interaction
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhai Zhi Yong , Huang Zhao Yu , Chen Ze Min , Zhou Ping , Li Xia Xi , Yang Gen Hua , Bao Chong Ju , You Li Juan , Cui Xiao Bing , Xia Gui Li , Ou Yang Mei Ping , Zhang Lin , Wu William Ka Kei , Li Long Fei , Zhang Yu Xuan , Xiao Zhan Gang , Gong Wei
Published: March 2024

Helicobacter pylori
is a highly successful pathogen that poses a substantial threat to human health. However, the dynamic interaction between
H. pylori
and the human gastric epithelium has not been fully investigated. In this study, using dual RNA sequencing technology, we characterized a cytotoxin-associated gene A (
cagA
)-modulated bacterial adaption strategy by enhancing the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter-related genes,
metQ
and
HP_0888
, upon coculturing with human gastric epithelial cells. We observed a general repression of electron transport-associated genes by
cagA
, leading to the activation of oxidative phosphorylation. Temporal profiling of host mRNA signatures revealed the downregulation of multiple splicing regulators due to bacterial infection, resulting in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of functional genes involved in the cell cycle process in response to
H. pylori
infection. Moreover, we demonstrated a protective effect of gastric
H. pylori
colonization against chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Mechanistically, we identified a cluster of propionic and butyric acid-producing bacteria,
Muribaculaceae
, selectively enriched in the colons of
H. pylori
-pre-colonized mice, which may contribute to the restoration of intestinal barrier function damaged by DSS treatment. Collectively, this study presents the first dual-transcriptome analysis of
H. pylori
during its dynamic interaction with gastric epithelial cells and provides new insights into strategies through which
H. pylori
promotes infection and pathogenesis in the human gastric epithelium.

IMPORTANCE

Simultaneous profiling of the dynamic interaction between
Helicobacter pylori
and the human gastric epithelium represents a novel strategy for identifying regulatory responses that drive pathogenesis. This study presents the first dual-transcriptome analysis of
H. pylori
when cocultured with gastric epithelial cells, revealing a bacterial adaptation strategy and a general repression of electron transportation-associated genes, both of which were modulated by cytotoxin-associated gene A (
cagA
). Temporal profiling of host mRNA signatures dissected the aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of functional genes involved in the cell cycle process in response to
H. pylori
infection. We demonstrated a protective effect of gastric
H. pylori
colonization against chronic DSS-induced colitis through both
in vitro
and
in vivo
experiments. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of how
H. pylori
promotes infection and pathogenesis in the human gastric epithelium and provide evidence to identify targets for antimicrobial therapies.
Control of the Dynamic Regimes of a Superconducting Nanointerferometer
Authors: Tereshchenko I. A. , Khrenov M. M. , Klenov N. V. , Tikhonova O. V.
Published: March 2024

An analytical solution has been found to describe dynamic processes in a superconducting nanointerferometer with negligibly low inductances that is included in a high-Q factor resonator. The effect of nonlinearity in the system, as well as the effect of external parametric pumping, has been analyzed. The screening of detected dynamic modes in the studied nanostructure in the resonator is performed in a wide range and their positions on the plane of the parameters have been determined. A significant influence of phase effects on the evolution of the system has been demonstrated and phase relations allowing one to control the output signal intensity have been evaluated. The detected effects open new possibilities for developing and testing basic elements of modern quantum computing systems.
Long-term risk factors for developing Barrett’s oesophagus in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Byrne Christopher J , Brennan Paul , Carberry James , Cotton James , Dillon John F
Published: March 2024

Background and aims

Several characteristics are known to affect the risk of Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) in the general population, with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) being a critical risk factor. In this study, we examined factors that influence BO development in people living with GORD.

Design

People living with GORD were recruited from an endoscopy unit with lifestyle, medical and prescribing history collected. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to assess the effects of multiple parameters on the likelihood of developing BO.

Results

1197 participants were recruited. Most were Caucasian (n=1188, 99%), had no formal educational qualifications (n=714; 59.6%) and lived with overweight (mean body mass index >25 kg/m2). Many lived in areas of least socioeconomic resource (n=568; 47.4%). 139 (11.6%) had BO at baseline. In adjusted baseline analysis (n=1197), male sex (adjusted OR, aOR 2.04 (95% CI 1.92 to 4.12), p≤0.001), increasing age (aOR 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), p≤0.0001) and proton pump inhibitor use (aOR 3.03 (95% CI 1.80 to 5.13), p≤0.0001) were associated with higher odds of BO. At follow-up (n=363), 22 (6.1%) participants developed BO; male sex (aOR 3.18 (95% CI 1.28 to 7.86), p=0.012), pack-years cigarettes smoked (aOR 1.04 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.08), p=0.046) and increased alcohol intake (aOR 1.02 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.04), p=0.013), were associated with increased odds of BO.

Conclusion

Male sex, pack-years cigarettes smoked, and increasing alcohol intake, were independently associated with increased odds of developing BO over 20-year follow-up. These results align with research linking male sex and smoking with BO and extend this by implicating the potential role of alcohol in developing BO, which may require communication through public health messaging.
Aligning the principles and practice of research integrity and research fairness in global health: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Sempa Joseph Bukulu , Patil Rutuja , Mathewson Jake D , Kabelka Hannah , Yaghmaei Nima , Coleman Harry , Sohoni Preeti , Straetemans Masja , Gopalakrishna Gowri , Wienia Martijn , Kombe Francis , Alba Sandra
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In the past decade, global health research has seen a growing emphasis on research integrity and fairness. The concept of research integrity emerged in response to the reproducibility crisis in science during the late 2000s. Research fairness initiatives aim to enhance ownership and inclusivity in research involving partners with varying powers, decision-making roles and resource capacities, ultimately prioritising local health research needs. Despite extensive academic discussions, empirical data on these aspects, especially in the context of global health, remain limited.

Methods

To address this gap, we conducted a mixed-methods study focusing on research integrity and fairness. The study included an online frequency survey and in-depth key informant interviews with researchers from international research networks. The dual objectives were to quantify the frequency of practices related to research integrity and fairness and explore the determinants influencing these practices in global health.

Results

Out of 145 participants in the quantitative survey (8.4% response rate), findings indicate that global health researchers generally adhere to principles of research integrity and fairness, with variations in reported behaviours. The study identified structural, institutional and individual factors influencing these patterns, including donor landscape rigidity, institutional investments in relationship building, guidelines, mentoring and power differentials among researchers.

Conclusion

This research highlights that, despite some variations, there is a substantial alignment between research integrity and fairness, with both sharing similar determinants and the overarching goal of enhancing research quality and societal benefits. The study emphasises the potential to explicitly recognise and leverage these synergies, aligning both agendas to further advance global health research.
Inhibition of IL-25/IL-17RA improves immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors and reveals antitumor activity
Authors: Hu Xizi , Bukhari Shoiab M , Tymm Carly , Adam Kieran , Lerrer Shalom , Henick Brian S , Winchester Robert J , Mor Adam
Published: March 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes and extended patient survival in several tumor types. However, ICIs often induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that warrant therapy cessation, thereby limiting the overall effectiveness of this class of therapeutic agents. Currently, available therapies used to treat irAEs might also blunt the antitumor activity of the ICI themselves. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify treatments that have the potential to be administered alongside ICI to optimize their use.

Methods

Using a translationally relevant murine model of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies-induced irAEs, we compared the safety and efficacy of prednisolone, anti-IL-6, anti-TNFɑ, anti-IL-25 (IL-17E), and anti-IL-17RA (the receptor for IL-25) administration to prevent irAEs and to reduce tumor size.

Results

While all interventions were adequate to inhibit the onset of irAEs pneumonitis and hepatitis, treatment with anti-IL-25 or anti-IL-17RA antibodies also exerted additional antitumor activity. Mechanistically, IL-25/IL-17RA blockade reduced the number of organ-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that IL-25/IL-17RA may serve as an additional target when treating ICI-responsive tumors, allowing for better tumor control while suppressing immune-related toxicities.
DWI scrolling artery sign for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a pattern recognition approach
Authors: Seitz Luca , Bucher Susana , Bütikofer Lukas , Maurer Britta , Bonel Harald M , Lötscher Fabian , Seitz Pascal
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a pattern recognition approach for the evaluation of MRI scans of the head with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in suspected giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods

Retrospectively, 156 patients with suspected GCA were included. The ‘DWI-Scrolling-Artery-Sign’ (DSAS) was defined as hyperintense DWI signals in the cranial subcutaneous tissue that gives the impression of a blood vessel when scrolling through a stack of images. The DSAS was rated by experts and a novice in four regions (frontotemporal and occipital, bilaterally). The temporal, occipital and posterior auricular arteries were assessed in the T1-weighted black-blood sequence (T1-BB). The diagnostic reference was the clinical diagnosis after ≥6 months of follow-up.

Results

The population consisted of 87 patients with and 69 without GCA; median age was 71 years and 59% were women. The DSAS showed a sensitivity of 73.6% and specificity of 94.2% (experts) and 59.8% and 95.7% (novice), respectively. Agreement between DSAS and T1-BB was 80% for the region level (499/624; kappa(κ)=0.59) and 86.5% for the patient level (135/156; κ=0.73). Inter-reader agreement was 95% (19/20; κ=0.90) for DSAS on the patient level and 91.3% (73/80; κ=0.81) on the region level for experts. For expert versus novice, inter-reader agreement for DSAS was 87.8% on the patient level (137/156; κ=0.75) and 91.2% on the region level (569/624; κ=0.77).

Conclusions

The DSAS can be assessed in less than 1 min and has a good diagnostic accuracy and reliability for the diagnosis of GCA. The DSAS can be used immediately in clinical practice.
Sex differences in cytokines and adipokines in obese patients with PsA and controls undergoing a weight loss intervention
Authors: Landgren Anton Jonatan , Jonsson Charlotte A , Bilberg Annelie , Eliasson Björn , Torres Linda , Dehlin Mats , Jacobsson Lennart , Gjertsson Inger , Larsson Ingrid , Klingberg Eva
Published: March 2024

Objective

In this post hoc analysis of a previously published study, we compared cytokines and adipokine levels in women and men with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) at baseline (BL) and 6 months (M6) following a weight loss intervention.

Methods

Patients with PsA (n=41) between 25 and 75 years of age, with body mass index (BMI)≥33 kg/m2were included in a weight loss intervention with a very low energy diet (VLED) for 12 or 16 weeks depending on BL BMI<40 or ≥40 kg/m2. As controls (n=39), obese individuals, already planned for VLED treatment were recruited and matched for sex, age and weight to the patients with PsA. Cytokines and adipokines were measured at BL and M6.

Results

At BL, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-23, leptin and high molecular weight-adiponectin were higher in women with PsA compared with men, whereas serum levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-12/IL-23 p40 and IL-13 were significantly lower in women. Serum IL-23 was significantly reduced at M6 compared with BL in women but not in men with PsA. In women with PsA, the reduction in IL-23 at M6, ∆IL-23, were positively correlated with ∆Disease Activity Score 28 C reactive protein (CRP) (Spearman’s correlation (rS)=0.486, p=0.016), ∆CRP (rS=0.468, p=0.021), ∆leptin (rS=0.683, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with ∆total-adiponectin (rS=−0.433, p=0.035). Also in women, ∆Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis was positively correlated with ∆tumour necrosis factor-α (rS=0.417, p=0.034), ∆IL-1β (rS=0.550, p=0.034), ∆IFN-γ (rS=0.414, p=0.035) and ∆leptin (rS=0.410, p=0.038). None of these correlations were significant in men with PsA.

Conclusions

Women and men with PsA differed with regard to serum levels of cytokines and adipokines before and after weight loss.
Impact of COVID status and blood group on complications in patients in hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Brill Jason Bradley , Mueck Krislynn M , Cotton Madeline E , Tang Brian , Sandoval Mariela , Kao Lillian S , Cotton Bryan A
Published: March 2024

Objective

Among critically injured patients of various blood groups, we sought to compare survival and complication rates between COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative cohorts.

Background

SARS-CoV-2 infections have been shown to cause endothelial injury and dysfunctional coagulation. We hypothesized that, among patients with trauma in hemorrhagic shock, COVID-19-positive status would be associated with increased mortality and inpatient complications. As a secondary hypothesis, we suspected group O patients with COVID-19 would experience fewer complications than non-group O patients with COVID-19.

Methods

We evaluated all trauma patients admitted 4/2020–7/2020. Patients 16 years or older were included if they presented in hemorrhagic shock and received emergency release blood products. Patients were dichotomized by COVID-19 testing and then divided by blood groups.

Results

3281 patients with trauma were evaluated, and 417 met criteria for analysis. Seven percent (29) of patients were COVID-19 positive; 388 were COVID-19 negative. COVID-19-positive patients experienced higher complication rates than the COVID-19-negative cohort, including acute kidney injury, pneumonia, sepsis, venous thromboembolism, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Univariate analysis by blood groups demonstrated that survival for COVID-19-positive group O patients was similar to that of COVID-19-negative patients (79 vs 78%). However, COVID-19-positive non-group O patients had a significantly lower survival (38%). Controlling for age, sex and Injury Severity Score, COVID-19-positive patients had a greater than 70% decreased odds of survival (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.81; p=0.019).

Conclusions

COVID-19 status is associated with increased major complications and 70% decreased odds of survival in this group of patients with trauma. However, among patients with COVID-19, blood group O was associated with twofold increased survival over other blood groups. This survival rate was similar to that of patients without COVID-19.
Effects of short- and long-term experimental warming on plant–pollinator interactions and floral rewards in the Low Arctic
Authors: Khorsand Roxaneh S. , Sancier-Barbosa Flavia , May Jeremy L. , Høye Toke T. , Oberbauer Steven F.
Published: March 2024

Plant phenological and growth responses to experimental warming are widely documented, but less is known about warming effects on plant–pollinator interactions. We investigated the effects of short- and long-term passive warming on flowering phenology, insect visitation, fruit production, and floral rewards in the Low Arctic in northern Alaska. To better understand the role of insect visitors in plant reproductive success, we quantified pollen loads on floral visitors and tested for pollen limitation in four species. Long-term warming advanced flowering onset in evergreen shrubs and forbs. Warming, in general, increased the duration of flowering for forbs, evergreen shrubs, and deciduous shrubs. Considering all growth forms together, long-term warming increased floral density. This pattern was primarily driven by deciduous and evergreen shrubs. Dipterans accounted for more visits than Hymenopterans, although Hymenopterans had higher pollen loads. Insect exclusion and warming decreased fruit set in the forb, Bistorta officinalis Delarbre. Nectar volume in the deciduous shrub, Vaccinium uliginosum, was higher in the warmed plots than the control, but nectar quality did not differ. Advanced flowering onset, longer flowering duration, and increased flower density and nectar volume may have important implications for the pollinator community, warranting further research on long-term warming effects on tundra ecosystems.
Gravitational radiation of a spherically symmetric source in f(R)-gravitation
Authors: Ky Pham Van , Hong Van Nguyen Thi , Anh Ky Nguyen
Published: March 2024

It is shown that Birkhoff’s theorem for the general theory of relativity is overcome in the f(R)-theory of gravitation. That means, the f(R)-theory of gravitation, unlike Einstein’s general theory of relativity, does not forbid gravitational radiation from a spherically symmetric source (whether stationary or non-stationary). As a consequence, in the f(R)-theory a spherically symmetric gravitational deformation (e.g., collapse/expansion or pulsation) could emit gravitational waves (of tensor- and scalar polarization modes), a phenomenon impossible in the general relativity. A test model is examined and it turns out that the gravitational radiation is strongest when the surface of the deforming object is in the vicinity of the (modified) event horizon, even suddenly flares up just outside the latter. In this letter, within the f(R)-theory of gravitation, a gravitational wave equation and a formula for the gravitational emission power are derived. These formulae, along with searching for signals, can be used for the experimental test of the f(R)-theory. In general, including the spherically symmetry case, gravitational radiation of both tensor- and scalar polarization modes are allowed, although under some circumstance the contribution of scalar modes is strongly suppressed.
Quantifying quantumness in three-flavor neutrino oscillations
Authors: Bittencourt V. A. S. V. , Blasone M. , De Siena S. , Matrella C.
Published: March 2024

We characterize quantum correlations encoded in a three-flavor oscillating neutrino system by using both plane-wave and wave-packet approach. By means of the Complete Complementarity Relations (CCR) we study the trade-off of predictability, local coherence and non-local correlations in terms of the relevant parameters, chosen from recent neutrino experiments. Although the CCR describe very well the contributions associated to bipartite correlations, an attempt of promoting these relations to include the genuine tri-partite contributions in the pure-state case leads to a not completely meaningful result. However, we provide an analysis of the genuine tripartite contributions both for the pure instance and for the mixed case, independently of CCR.
Human mobility reshaped? Deciphering the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on activity patterns, spatial habits, and schedule habits
Authors: Bouzaghrane Mohamed Amine , Obeid Hassan , González Marta , Walker Joan
Published: March 2024

Despite the historically documented regularity in human mobility patterns, the relaxation of spatial and temporal constraints, brought by the widespread adoption of telecommuting and e-commerce during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a growing desire for flexible work arrangements in a post-pandemic work, indicates a potential reshaping of these patterns. In this paper, we investigate the multifaceted impacts of relaxed spatio-temporal constraints on human mobility, using well-established metrics from the travel behavior literature. Further, we introduce a novel metric for schedule regularity, accounting for specific day-of-week characteristics that previous approaches overlooked. Building on the large body of literature on the impacts of COVID-19 on human mobility, we make use of passively tracked Point of Interest (POI) data for approximately 21,700 smartphone users in the US, and analyze data between January 2020 and September 2022 to answer two key questions: (1) has the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated relaxation of spatio-temporal activity patterns reshaped the different aspects of human mobility, and (2) have we achieved a state of stable post-pandemic “new normal”? We hypothesize that the relaxation of the spatiotemporal constraints around key activities will result in people exhibiting less regular schedules. Findings reveal a complex landscape: while some mobility indicators have reverted to pre-pandemic norms, such as trip frequency and travel distance, others, notably at-home dwell-time, persist at altered levels, suggesting a recalibration rather than a return to past behaviors. Most notably, our analysis reveals a paradox: despite the documented large-scale shift towards flexible work arrangements, schedule habits have strengthened rather than relaxed, defying our initial hypotheses and highlighting a desire for regularity. The study’s results contribute to a deeper understanding of the post-pandemic “new normal”, offering key insights on how multiple facets of travel behavior were reshaped, if at all, by the COVID-19 pandemic, and will help inform transportation planning in a post-pandemic world.
Dilaton–Axion modular inflation in supergravity
Authors: Frolovsky Daniel , Ketov Sergei V.
Published: March 2024

Dilaton and axion are ubiquitous in extended supergravities and closed superstrings. We propose new models of modular inflation in four-dimensional [Formula: see text] supergravity coupled to the chiral dilaton–axion–goldstino supermultiplet, which fit some necessary conditions of superstring cosmology. The model parameters are tuned to obey precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation. We employ the modular-invariant superpotentials and asymptotically modular-invariant Kähler potentials, and achieve axion stabilization with high-scale supersymmetry breaking.
MeSH-Based Semantic Weighting Scheme to Enhance Document Indexing: Application on Biomedical Document Classification
Authors: Gabsi Imen , Kammoun Hager , Souidi Dalila , Amous Ikram
Published: March 2024

Document indexing phase plays a significant role in text mining applications such as text document classification. The common indexing paradigm is based on terms frequency in documents known as Bag Of Words (BOW)-based representation approach. However, such classical approach suffers from ambiguity and disparity of words. In addition, traditional term weighting schemes, such as TF-IDF, exploit only the statistical information of terms in documents. To overcome these problems, we have been interested in biomedical semantic document indexing using concepts extracted from the knowledge resource MeSH. Thus, we have focused first on a disambiguation method to identify the adequate senses of ambiguous MeSH concepts and we have considered four representation enrichment strategies to identify the best appropriate representatives of the adequate sense in the textual entities representation. Second, we propose to introduce a semantic weighting scheme that quantifies MeSH concept’s importance in documents through their occurrence frequency and semantic similarities with unambiguous MeSH concepts. Our contribution lies particularly in the in-depth experimental study of the performance of these methods and precisely the impact of the semantic weighting scheme on the performance. To do that, three benchmark datasets TREC 2004 genomics, BioCreative II and OHSUMED were used.
Remote restoring of (0,1)-excitation states and concurrence scaling
Authors: Tashkeev N. A. , Zenchuk A. I.
Published: March 2024

We study the long distance [Formula: see text]-excitation state restoring in the linear open chain governed by the XX-Hamiltonian. We show that restoring the 1-order coherence matrix results in restoring the 1-excitation block of the 0-order coherence matrix, so that only one 0-excitation element of the density matrix remains unrestored. Such restoring also scales the concurrence between any two qubits of the transferred state, the scaling factor is defined by the Hamiltonian and doesn’t depend on the initial sender’s state. Sender–Receiver entanglement is also studied via the PPT criterion.
Research on dynamic behavior hedging of corn price risk based on the LA-DCC-GARCH model under COVID-19
Authors: Li Sijie , Guo Wenjing , Zhu Min
Published: March 2024

The ravages of COVID-19 have had a huge impact on the global economy, and in the grain market, grain prices have fluctuated greatly due to the impact of factors such as rising circulation costs and sudden panicky demand, which has increased the business risks of sellers and deep-processing enterprises. To effectively reduce and avoid the risks brought by COVID-19, this paper takes utility maximization as the goal and helps grain enterprises manage grain price risks by constructing optimal dynamic behavioral hedging strategies. Therefore, this paper first measures the corn price risk during COVID-19, and then, fits the corn spot and futures yield fluctuations based on the DCC-GARCH model, which highlights the model’s advantages for portraying the corn spot and futures price fluctuations during COVID-19. Subsequently, the dynamically optimal hedging ratio is solved from the perspective of behavioral hedging by combining the loss aversion (LA) utility function. Finally, the LA-DCC-GARCH model is compared with the Minimum variance (MV)-DCC-GARCH model in terms of hedging performance, which highlights the conclusion that the behavioral hedging strategy significantly outperforms the traditional hedging strategy.
m-step inverse fuzzy mixed competition graphs
Authors: Mondal Rahul , Ghorai Ganesh
Published: March 2024

The notion of competition graphs has a wide range of applications and has been utilized in designing various ecological problems and real-world competitions. Here, the idea of m-step inverse fuzzy mixed competition graphs has been introduced and some of its basic properties have been discussed. Also, some ideas associated with the concept of m-step inverse fuzzy mixed competition graphs, such as m-step inverse fuzzy neighborhood graph, inverse fuzzy mixed economic competition graph, and m-step inverse fuzzy mixed economic competition graph have been defined. Our motive was to focus on the real-life problems that can be properly addressed with graphs involving directed and undirected edges. In this case, the concept of an m-step fuzzy competition graph is not appropriate for solving these problems. However, the idea of m-step inverse fuzzy mixed competition graphs is more relevant to address them. An application of m-step inverse fuzzy mixed competition graphs has been identified as a suitable solution to a real-life problem.
Anelastic Internal Friction and Mechanical Spectroscopy of SiO2/Si Wafers
Authors: Onanko Yurii , Kuzmych Lyudmyla , Onanko Anatoliy , Il’in Peter , Kuzmych Anna
Published: March 2024

In this work, after electron irradiation and X-ray, the outcomes of the evaluation dynamic characteristics of interstitial atoms Si

j
, vacancy V, and O-complexes were evaluated to account for the annealing conditions to derive specific structural defects in the SiO2/Si wafer. A non-destructive method, which allows the determination of the internal friction difference ΔQ

−1
/Q

−1
0 of the elastic vibration of structural defects of dislocations with density N

D
and the depth of the broken layer h

b
, is offered for the SiO2/Si wafer. The method was developed, the installation was designed and manufactured for the excitation and registration of damped bending resonant oscillations in a SiO2/Si disc-shaped wafer with a thickness h

SiO2 ≈ 100 nm, h

is
= 300 ÷ 500 × 103 nm, and diameter D = 60 ÷ 100 × 10−3 m to measure the structurally sensitive internal friction Q

−1 in vacuum P ≈ 10−2 Pa. Measurement of the internal friction background Q

−1
0 at harmonic frequencies f
0 and f
2 allowed us to experimentally determine the nodal lines of the oscillating disks.
Clinical Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients with Suboptimal Peak Inspiratory Flow
Authors: Ohar Jill A. , Mahler Donald A. , Davis Gabrielle N. , Lombardi David A. , Moran Edmund J. , Crater Glenn D.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may derive inadequate benefit from dry powder inhalers (DPIs) because of suboptimal peak inspiratory flow (sPIF). Objectives. To assess the clinical burden of COPD by characterizing the clinical characteristics of participants with sPIF against medium-low resistance DPIs versus those with optimal PIF (oPIF) from two phase 3 clinical trials. Methods. Baseline data were collected from two randomized, controlled, phase 3 trials (NCT03095456; NCT02518139) in participants with moderate-to-severe COPD. oPIF (60 L/min) against the medium-low resistance DPIs was used as the threshold for defining the PIF subgroups (<60 L/min (sPIF) vs ≥60 L/min (oPIF)). Results. Most participants included in this analysis were White (92%) and male (63%); the mean (range) age was 65 (43–87) years. Participants with sPIF had significantly greater dyspnea than those with oPIF as measured using the modified Medical Research Council scoring (mean (95% CI): 2.1 (2.0–2.2) vs 1.6 (1.4–1.7); P <0.001) and baseline dyspnea index (mean (95% CI): 5.1 (4.9–5.4) vs 6.1 (5.8–6.3); P <0.001). Based on COPD Assessment Test scores, participants with sPIF had a higher COPD symptom burden than those with oPIF (mean (95% CI): 21.5 (19.7–23.3) vs 19.5 (18.6–20.4); P=0.05). Conclusion. In these trials, participants with COPD who had sPIF against the medium-low resistance DPIs had more dyspnea and worse health status than those with oPIF. These results demonstrate that sPIF is associated with a higher clinical burden as measured by patient-reported outcomes.
Numerical Investigation on the Flow Field of Muzzle Decompression Device for the Barrel Recoil Gun
Authors: Liu Zilong , Dai Jinsong , Lin Shengye , Zhou Dong , Wang Maosen , Wang Haifeng
Published: March 2024

A structured dynamic overlapping grid and a user‐defined function are used to study the projectile launching process, and the hybrid Roe scheme is used to solve the flow field with strong shock wave. The launching process of a projectile with a muzzle decompression device is numerically simulated by using a three‐dimensional transient model, and the flow field inside the muzzle decompression device and the development process of the muzzle flow field in the projectile launching process are discussed in detail. Compared with no device, the muzzle decompression device can effectively reduce the peak pressure around the muzzle; the numerical results are in agreement with the corresponding experimental values. The numerical investigation in this paper is helpful to understand the mechanism of pressure reduction of the device. It also provides a new way to reduce the muzzle pressure of aircraft gun.
Clinical Study of Preoperative Prehabilitation Synchronized Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Li , Liu Jiaxin , Zhang Yong , Wang Jing , Li Shoumiao
Published: March 2024

Background. To investigate the effectiveness of prehabilitation in improving physical and nutritional status in patients undergoing gastric cancer resection. Methods. A total of 136 locally advanced gastric cancer patients who planned to undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) plus transabdominal radical surgery were involved. All participants were divided into the prehabilitation group and the control group using the odd-even method, with 68 cases in each group. Intervention consisted of preoperative exercise and nutrition optimization. Participants were adults awaiting elective gastric resection for cancer. The primary outcomes were changes in functional ability and nutritional status, as measured by relative changes in 6 minute walking distance (6MWD) and scores on the albumin and prealbumin. Preoperative (end of the prehabilitation period) and postoperative (from 4 to 6 weeks after surgery) data were compared between the two groups. Results. All 136 patients were randomized in this study. Compared with the control group, the prehabilitation group exhibited improved functional capacity both before surgery (6MWD change) and after surgery. Furthermore, it demonstrated significantly higher levels of albumin and prealbumin before and after surgery than the control group. Conclusion. Prehabilitation in gastric cancer patients can improve preoperative functional capacity and nutritional status. Maintaining a patient’s physical function and nutritional status may have a significant impact on the continuity of cancer care.
Gust Factor Approach for Estimating Maximum Response and Control Force in High‐Rise Base‐Isolated Buildings with Active Structural Control
Authors: Chen Yinli , Sato Daiki , Miyamoto Kou , She Jinhua , Takahashi Osamu
Published: March 2024

This paper devises a new method for estimating the maximum response and maximum control force for high‐rise base‐isolated buildings with active structural control (active base isolation) to simplify the conventional complex design procedure. While active base isolation has emerged as a prominent solution for achieving high control performance, its design process is inherently complex, particularly when applied to high‐rise buildings where wind loads become prominent. To address this problem, we propose a streamlined method inspired by the gust factor methodology widely used in conventional passive wind‐resistant designs. This method estimates the maximum response and maximum control force without the need for numerical simulations. We first construct an equivalent passive model of a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom control system to theoretically compute the dynamics of the system. Based on the constructed equivalent passive model and then propose a method to calculate the mean displacement and mean control force using only the static equilibrium of this model. Furthermore, we extend the conventional gust factor approach to active base isolation to estimate the maximum displacement and maximum control force for active base isolation without the need for numerical simulations. We validate our methods through a series of numerical examples, incorporating key parameters such as feedback gain, aspect ratio of building, return period of wind force, and stiffness of isolation. Numerical verifications show that the mean response and mean control force are estimated by the static equilibrium of the proposed equivalent passive model. Moreover, the maximum response and maximum control force can be estimated by the proposed gust factors. Our methods can be applied for feedback control systems using a given feedback gain.
Abstract 1014: Disparities of triple negative breast cancer in Mississippi
Authors: Kaur Navdeep , Khan Javaria A. , Mao Jinghe , Melvin Diva , Hassan Muhammad M. , Zho Xinchun
Published: March 2024

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 10-15% of all breast cancers nationwide with disparities of incidence and outcomes among races, geographic locations, and other factors. This study is aimed to analyze the differences in the rate of TNBC, patient conditions at time of diagnosis, and death from TNBC among women in Mississippi.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to serially review breast cancer cases diagnosed in the University of Mississippi Medical Center during May 2016 to May 2023. The entire breast cancer population was then stratified by race. The rate of TNBC, age and BMI at time of diagnosis, the rate of expiration were compared between African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) women with breast cancer. Two-tailed Student’s T-test was used to calculate the difference in mean values, and Chi-Square Test was used to compare the difference in rates or percentages. The significant p value was set at p<0.05.

Results: In total 291 women with breast cancer, AA patients were 195 (67.01%), CA patients were 88 (30.24%), and other were 8 (2.75%). The mean age of all patients was 58.3 years-old (ranged 24-97). The mean BMI was 31.19. The patients with TNBC were 109 (37.46%) in entire studied population. A total of 32 (1.6%) patients, including 14 TNBC and 18 non-TNBC were expired with an average age of 61.84 and an average survival time of 20 months from diagnosis to expiration. As compared to CA patient population, AA breast cancer patients had onset at younger age (58.08±0.88 vs. 59.18±1.36), had a higher BMI (31.79±0.62 vs. 28.25±1.05, p=0.017), higher percentage of TNBC (41.54% vs. 30.68%, p=0.082 and OR=1.605), and higher rate of expiration (11.28% vs, 9.1%). Also, as compared to CA expired patients with breast cancer, AA expired patients had higher BMI (29.57 vs. 28.61), shorter survival time (17.5 months vs. 19.4 months), and died at younger age (61.84-year old vs. 66.38-year old) with a higher proportion of TNBC subtype (54.6% vs 12.5%, p=0.045, OR=9.6).

Conclusions: Breast cancer is greatly disparate racially between AA and CA and geographically between Mississippi and US national average. The disparities are manifested in the proportion of TNBC subtype, age at onset of breast cancer, BMI at time of diagnosis, and death rate.

Citation Format: Navdeep Kaur, Javaria A. Khan, Jinghe Mao, Diva Melvin, Muhammad M. Hassan, Xinchun Zho. Disparities of triple negative breast cancer in Mississippi [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1014.