bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between sit-to-walk performance and visual perception in children with typical development: A preliminary study
Authors:   Human Movement Performance Enhancement Research Unit, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand., Songvanich Somnuek , Suriyaamarit Duangporn ,   Human Movement Performance Enhancement Research Unit, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Boonyong Sujitra ,   Human Movement Performance Enhancement Research Unit, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Published: December 2024

Background: Performance of sit-to-walk (STW) is developed along with improvement in neuromuscular control. Visual development plays an important role for motor learning and function in childhood. There was little evidence to indicate the relationship between visual function and motor performance.

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between STW performance and visual perception in children with typical development.

Materials and methods: Fifteen healthy children aged 7 to 12 years participated in the study. They were asked to complete the Development Test of Visual PerceptionThird Edition (DTVP-3). Motion capture was used to collect spatiotemporal data from five STW trials. The relationship between these spatiotemporal parameters and visual perceptual scores were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results: Positive moderate and high correlation were found between the eyehand coordination sub-score and the first (r=0.52, p<0.05) and second step width><0.05) and second step width (r=0.71, p<0.01) of STW, respectively. The second step width also correlated with the visual-motor integration composite (r=0.55, p<0.05). There was moderate correlation between the stride length and the copying subtest (r=0.52, p<0.05). ><0.05).

Conclusion: This preliminary study demonstrated that some spatial parameters of STW performance were associated with the visual-motor abilities of the DTVP-3. This suggested that an improvement in motor performance is developed along with visual perceptual function especially motor involving task.
Morphological variability of Pocillopora damicornis in marine environmental adaptation on Sembilan Island, Sinjai District, Indonesia
Authors: ALAMSYAH RIDHA , ZAMANI NEVIATY P. , BENGEN DIETRIECH G. , NURJAYA I WAYAN
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Alamsyah R, Zamani NP, Bengen DG, Nurjaya IW. 2024. Morphological variability of Pocillopora damicornis in marine environmental adaptation on Sembilan Island, Sinjai District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3116-3124. Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a coral species that is very plastic and allows it to adapt to environmental conditions. Pocillopora corals are important species of coral reef ecosystems, but it was not easy to interpret morphological variations and species boundaries. Morphological variation is so high that misidentification often occurs. This research aims to understand the morphological differences between apex branches, secondary branches, and primary branches at reef flat, lagoon, and reef slope sites in the waters of Sembilan Island. The results obtained, except for corallite width, corallite spacing, branch width, branch length, branch angle, and interbranch spacing, were significantly different at the apex branch, secondary branch, and primary branch. Corallite width is larger at the apex branch, while corallite spacing is very small. The largest distance between corallites is found in the secondary branches. The highest branch width is on the primary branch. Branch width on secondary branches is more consistent. The branching angle is greater in the primary branch, especially in the reef flat and reef slope. The apex branch tends to form a smaller angle. The largest interbranch spacing was found at the apex branch for all regions. Both primary and secondary branches show small variations. The morphology of P. damicornis on the reef slope is more influenced by salinity and current speed. In reef flat areas, the environmental factors that most influence coral morphology are organic matter, turbidity, TSS, and light intensity, including wave height, temperature, and pH. For the lagoon area group, there is no strong influence of environmental parameters.
Analysis of changes and criticality level of mangrove forest ecosystem as a basis for rehabilitation downstream of Poso Watershed Area, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: YANI RENDY AHMAD , NAHARUDDIN NAHARUDDIN , TOKNOK BAU , MALIK ADAM , AKHBAR AKHBAR , MASSIRI SUDIRMAN DAENG , SULEMAN SAMSURIZAL M.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Yani RA, Naharuddin N, Toknok B, Malik A, Akhbar A, Massiri SD, Suleman SM. 2024. Analysis of changes and criticality level of mangrove forest ecosystem as a basis for rehabilitation downstream of Poso Watershed Area, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3179-3188. Effective mangrove forest management requires accurate data and information on changes and criticality levels within the ecosystem. This research aimed to assess changes and determine the criticality levels of mangroves using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a foundation for sustainable conservation and rehabilitation efforts. Multi-temporal satellite data was utilized to analyze mangrove forest cover changes between 2013 and 2023, while NDVI transformations were applied to evaluate forest vegetation density and criticality levels. The results identified five families and 11 mangrove species in the downstream Poso Watershed, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. These included Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. from the Avicenniaceae family, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume, Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob., Rhizophora apiculata Blume, Rhizophora mucronata Lam., and Rhizophora stylosa Griffith from the Rhizophoraceae family, Sonneratia alba Sm. from the Sonneratiaceae family, Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig and Xylocarpus rumphii (Kostel.) Mabb. from the Meliaceae family, and Nypa fruticans Wurmb from the Arecaceae family. The mangrove canopy density downstream of the Poso Watershed was categorized into dense (55,652 ha), moderate (56,863 ha), and rare (67,578 ha). The R. stylosa was the dominant species. The criticality assessment classified the mangrove forest as largely damaged, with a TSV1 value of 190 on a scale of 167-233. Severely damaged or very critical areas covered 35,836 ha (6.58%), damaged or critical areas encompassed 401,462 ha (73.68%), and 107,546 ha (19.74%) were classified as not damaged or not critical. The ecosystem damage was further assessed through vegetation density, with moderate density recorded at 1,259 trees/ha and rare density at 360 trees/ha. Monitoring these changes and criticality levels is essential for successful rehabilitation and demonstrates a strong commitment to sustainable conservation.
Isolation, screening, and molecular characterization using 16S rDNA gene of feather-degrading bacteria isolated from poultry soil in Basrah Province, Iraq
Authors: AL-AMERY NOOR M. AHMED , ALYOUSIF NASSIR ABDULLAH
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Al-Amery NMA, Alyousif NA. 2024. Isolation, screening, and molecular characterization using 16S rDNA gene of feather-degrading bacteria isolated from poultry soil in Basrah Province, Iraq. Biodiversitas 25: 3217-3226. Bioremediation of feathers based on the production of keratinase enzyme is one of the most promising methods and has gained increasing interest in biotechnology. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and screen the bacteria that can potentially degrade feathers from the soil in Basrah province, Iraq using 16S rDNA gene. Ten soil samples were collected from various poultry fields and 97 bacterial isolates have been isolated from the samples. Seventy-four protease-producing isolates were found among isolates. The highest number of bacterial isolates that were found to be able to break down feathers were B6, E1, F7, M6, and J9 according to the values of keratinase activity were 42.1 U/mL, 29.1 U/mL, 28.8 U/mL, 28.1 U/mL, and 28.1 U/mL, respectively. The isolate B6 was the most promising isolate, because it was the best isolate with a higher value of 42.1 U/mL. Based on the sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene, these 5 isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. pumilus, respectively. Eleven bacterial isolates have been reported as new strains and recorded in NCBI GenBank. The current study reported several isolates that have the potential to produce keratinase with different capabilities for the first time in the world.
Brine shrimp cytotoxicity bioassay of red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) leaves using different solvents and its potency as antibacterial
Authors: ZULFAHMI ILHAM , PAUJIAH EPA , ROZA ZULTIRA HARINA , HELMI KAMALIAH , NAFIS BADRATUN , NUR FIRMAN MUHAMMAD , FAZILA PUTROE NURUL
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Zulfahmi I, Paujiah E, Roza ZH, Helmi K, Nafis B, Nur FM, Fazila PN. 2024. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity bioassay of red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) leaves using different solvents and its potency as antibacterial. Biodiversitas 25: 3227-3236. This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of red mangrove (Rhizopora mucronata) leaves and their potential against pathogenic bacteria. Red mangrove leaf was evaluated for its cytotoxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Each solvent's LC50 - 24-hour value was determined using probit analysis and measured using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval (P<0.05). The secondary metabolic compounds in each extract were presented and analyzed descriptively using GC-MS analysis. The effect of incubation time on the bacterial inhibition zone was tested using independent t-test analysis against S. aureus, V. parahaemolyticus, and A. hydrophyla. The results showed that the LC50 value of ethanol extract was 402.45 ppm, ethyl acetate extract was 230.97 ppm, and n-hexane extract was 180.31 ppm. The secondary metabolite compounds observed in red mangrove leaves extracted with different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) include terpenoids, alkaloids, ketones, phenols, turpentine oil, essential oils, unsaturated fats, and camphor. The ethyl acetate extract from red mangrove leaves inhibited the growth of S.aureus and V. parahaemolyticus. A. hydrophila and V. parahaemolyticus exhibited the lowest inhibition zone, which varied based on time and concentration.
Population of Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) at several habitat conditions in Jambi Province, Indonesia
Authors: PUTRI FEVI MAWADHAH , PRASAJA AHMAD SYUKRON , KURNIAWAN PUTRA TRI , FITRIANA YULI SULISTYA , WIANTORO SIGIT
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Putri FM, Prasaja AS, Kurniawan PT, Fitriana YS, Wiantoro S. 2024. Population of Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) at several habitat conditions in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3254-3262. The Long-Tailed Macaque (LTM; Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821)) plays a crucial role in forest regeneration through seed dispersal. However, recent ecological shifts have impacted their survival, pushing them to expand into human settlements. This study aims to investigate the current LTM population across various habitats in Jambi Province. Data on the number, gender, age, sex ratio, population density, and habitat conditions were collected. Sampling was conducted at sites previously reported for LTM-human conflicts and potential harvesting areas. The study employed point counts at 12 locations and line transects at 2 locations across five administrative regions. The results indicated a higher female-to-male ratio, with the largest population of LTMs (n = 923) found at PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VI Bunut, followed by the Berbak River (n = 740). The smallest populations were observed at Mendalo Darat (n = 74) and Talang Bakung (n = 76). The line transect method was employed to estimate the population density at PTPN VI Bunut, resulting in approximately 0.742 individuals per hectare, translating to an estimated population of 3,436 individuals. At Muaro Jambi Temple, the density was approximately 0.826 individuals per hectare, with an estimated population of 1,884. Habitat-type Watersheds had the highest average number of individuals (713.5), followed by agricultural land (407.33), indicating that these habitats have a high carrying capacity for Long-tailed Macaques due to the availability of water and food. One limitation of this study is the single-instance sampling in 2023, which underscores the need for further research to capture population dynamics fully. The urgency and importance of this topic cannot be overstated.
Adaptation strategies in wildlife hunting practices among the Tehit Knasaimos Ethnic Group, South Sorong, Southwest Papua, Indonesia
Authors: MATURBONGS RUDI APRIANTO , KAPISA ARLAN , WORABAI MELIZA S. , BELJAI MATHEUS
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Maturbongs RA, Kapisa A, Worabai MS, Beljai M. 2024. Adaptation strategies in wildlife hunting practices among the Tehit Knasaimos Ethnic Group, South Sorong, Southwest Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3309-3319. This research investigates the adaptation strategies employed by the Tehit Knasaimos Ethnic Group in South Sorong District, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia to sustain their wildlife hunting practices. Employing a descriptive methodology that integrates both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study focuses on the villages of Manggroholo and Sira. It explores how the community reconciles traditional hunting and fishing practices with the pressures of modern development by incorporating modern tools and economic practices. This analysis examines how traditional practices are adapted to meet the dual demands of cultural preservation and economic necessity. Key findings indicate a significant shift from traditional barter systems to cash-based transactions, highlighting the impact of modern economic integration on traditional economies. Additionally, a noticeable adoption of more durable materials in hunting and fishing gear suggests a move towards more sustainable practices that could reduce environmental degradation. Notably, the research emphasizes the continued relevance of cultural practices such as totemism and the management of sacred forests (hutan pamali), which play a pivotal role in wildlife conservation. The study further underscores the critical role of indigenous leadership and community collaboration in maintaining the sustainability of these practices. By fostering a communal approach to resource management, the Tehit Knasaimos community can navigate the challenges of external economic and environmental pressures. These insights contribute significantly to a broader understanding of how indigenous communities adapt to external challenges while preserving their cultural heritage and promoting ecological sustainability. This study enriches the discourse on sustainable development and offers valuable lessons on the resilience of indigenous adaptation strategies in the face of global change.
Enhancing soil carbon and rice dry biomass with microbial fuel cells, optimal spacing, and fertilizer in rice fields
Authors: NURHUTAMI SHOFIE RINDI , SUDADI SUDADI , KOMARIAH KOMARIAH , DEWI WIDYATMANI SIH , FAUZAN ADHIA AZHAR
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Nurhutami SR, Sudadi, Komariah, Dewi WS, Fauzan AA. 2024. Enhancing soil carbon and rice dry biomass with microbial fuel cells, optimal spacing, and fertilizer in rice fields. Biodiversitas 25: 3331-3338. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses electroactive anode bacteria to compete in rice fields without disrupting cultivation or altering diversity. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the combination of MFC, different spacing methods (Jajarlegowo and conventional), and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) fertilizer affecting soil carbon dynamics and rice dry biomass. The key parameters included bacterial community, soil respiration, microbial biomass carbon, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), Carbon to Nitrogen (CN) Ratio, and rice dry biomass. The results showed that there were no significant differences across the parameters when combined. However, MFC increased soil respiration (0.618 CO2.day-1) and microbial biomass carbon (0.121 ?g. g-1) but decreased SOC and rice dry biomass (0.039% and 3.978 g. clump-1). Jajarlegowo plant spacing enhanced soil respiration (0.583 CO2.day-1), microbial biomass carbon (0.122 ?g. g-1), and rice dry biomass (10.635 g. clump-1). Meanwhile, NPK fertilizer enhanced microbial biomass carbon (0.170 ?g. g-1), soil respiration (0.615 CO2.day-1), and rice dry biomass (5.993 g.clump-1) but lowered CN Ratio by 3.471. A positive correlation was also observed between soil carbon and rice dry biomass. These emphasized the need for a holistic method to develop MFC technology in rice paddy soils. Further research was suggested on the role of Electroactive Anodes Bacteria (EAB) in organic matter decomposition over multiple rice growing seasons.
Characterization of antibiotic-producing bacteria from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape
Authors: MUHIDDIN NURHAYANI H. , HERAWATI NETTY , RAMLAWATI RAMLAWATI , HIDAYAH NURUL
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Muhiddin NH, Herawati N, Ramlawati, Hidayah N. 2024. Characterization of antibiotic-producing bacteria from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape. Biodiversitas 25: 3359-3368. This study was carried out to determine the phenotypic and molecular characteristics and identification of antibiotic producing bacterial isolates from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape. The type of research is exploratory, including isolation and characterization of antibiotic-producing bacterial isolates from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape from Bone District and Gowa District, South Sulawesi Province, and Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi Province. Bacterial isolation was done using the pour cup method, and an antibiotic test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as indicator bacteria. The isolation process yielded two bacterial isolates that exhibited antibiotic properties, namely isolates Bb1 and Bb2. The phenotypic characterization of the isolate Bb1 revealed an irregular shape, bacillus-cell shape, Gram-positive, the presence of endospores, positive catalase, motile, aerobic, positive citrate, the capacity to ferment glucose, producing acid and acetyl methyl carbinol. Meanwhile, the Bb2 isolate exhibits a round colony shape, bacillus-cell shape, Gram-positive, produces endospores, positive catalase activity, motile, facultatively anaerobic, negative citrate, can ferment glucose and lactose, produces acid and acetyl methyl carbinol. The results of molecular identification demonstrated that bacterial isolate Bb1 exhibited a 99.72% homology level with Bacillus velezensis strain CR-502. In comparison, bacterial isolate Bb2 showed a 99.58% homology level with Bacillus paramycoides strains MCCC 1A04098. The findings indicate that bacterial isolates derived from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape have the potential to be developed into functional foods and novel antibiotic compounds for application in the healthcare sector. This study highlights the importance of phenotypic and molecular characterization in explaining the diversity of microorganisms present in cassava tape as a traditional food fermentation.
Habitat characteristics of Asian moon scallops (Amusium pleuronectes) in Makassar Strait and Bone Bay Waters, Indonesia
Authors: BUDIYATI BUDIYATI , OMAR SHARIFUDDIN BIN ANDY , NIARTININGSIH ANDI , WIDOWATI ITA , KASIM NUDIN , YUSUF MUHAMMAD , RIANA ANDI DYNA
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Budiyati, Omar SBA, Nartiningsih A, Widowati I, Kasim N, Yusuf M, Riana AD. 2024. Habitat characteristics of Asian moon scallops (Amusium pleuronectes) in Makassar Strait and Bone Bay Waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3423-3430. Scallops (Amusium pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758), also known as axe clam, is a type of bivalve mollusk from the family Pectinidae that lives in marine or generally in coastal areas and can be found in all marine waters, including tropical regions such as Indonesia. Scallops are of economic value as a food source because scallops contain a lot of protein and are low in fat. In South Sulawesi, Indonesia, scallops are found in almost all coastal areas, both on the coast of the Makassar Strait and on the coast of Bone Bay and Flores Sea waters. The present study aims to illustrate and compare the habitat characteristics of the Asian moon scallops (A. pleuronectes) from Makassar Strait and Bone Bay. The research method used is quantitative descriptive, with the type of research conducted being a comparative study. The method and type of research used are based on the purpose of the study, which is to compare the habitat characteristics of scallops that live in the waters of the Makassar Strait, which is in the western side of South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Island), and Bone Bay which is in the eastern side of South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Island). The study was conducted from January to October 2022 in two water areas, Makassar Strait in Makassar City and Bone Bay in Bone District. The data consisted of primary data obtained in the research fields by measuring physical parameters, including temperature, salinity, water depth, DO, and pH. The study results show that the temperature in the two sites was around 28.0-30.5oC, salinity around 28.0-39.0 ppt, the water's depth around 9-20 m, DO about 5.0-6.0 ppm, and pH around 5.60-8.75. In conclusion, the habitat of the Asian moon scallops in Makassar Strait dan Bone Bay has relatively similar characteristics.
GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract on different parts of Ziziphus mauritiana
Authors: PAULOI LARBENNO , SALIM RAFIDAH MD , CHIANG LIEW KANG , SUNDANG MURNI , RUSDI NOR AZIZUN , MAID MANDY , BAKANSING SHIRLEY MARYLINDA , MOKTAR JANSHAH
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Pauloi L, Salmim RM, Chiang LK, Sundang M, Rusdi NA, Maid M, Bakansing SM, Moktar J. 2024. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract on different parts of Ziziphus mauritiana. Biodiversitas 25: 3442-3453. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., a tropical fruit-bearing tree commonly known as Bidara tree in Malaysia, has a long and rich history of use in traditional medicine. Cultures across the globe have utilized various parts of the plant, including its leaves, bark, fruit, and roots, to address a wide range of health issues, such as digestive disorders, skin conditions, and inflammatory ailments. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the bioactive compounds present in different parts of Z. mauritiana using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Ethanolic extracts were prepared from the leaves, bark, stem, root, and fruit of the plant, and their chemical compositions were meticulously analyzed. The GC-MS analysis revealed a diverse array of bioactive chemicals belonging to various chemical classes, including organic acids, esters, silanes, and thiodipropionates. Notably, many of these identified compounds have demonstrated promising antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties in previous scientific studies. The presence of these bioactive substances provides scientific support for the traditional medicinal uses of Z. mauritiana and underscores its potential as a valuable source for developing novel therapeutic agents. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the individual bioactivities and potential synergistic effects of these compounds, paving the way for harnessing the full therapeutic potential of Z. mauritiana for improving human health and well-being.
Removing Friction and Bark Improves Drill Resistance Data for Selection on Wood Density in Pinus taeda Plantations
Authors: Trachta Mariano A. , Acosta Juan J. , Walker Trevor D.
Published: December 2024

Wood density is used for genetic selection because of its association with wood quality. Traditional assessments of wood density, such as volumetric measurement and X-ray densitometry, are labor intensive and time consuming. Drill resistance (measured with a Resistograph) is faster and gives an indirect assessment of wood density. The Resistograph generates thousands of data points for each tree that must be summarized. The data include bark and air as the drill enters and exits the bole, as well as friction that builds on the drill shaft. This study evaluated data processing methods for drill resistance to improve correlation with wood density, with a focus on practical implementation by breeding programs. We compared methods that thoroughly removed bark, air, and friction, as well as simple methods based on expected bark thickness and depth to the pith. The most thorough method produced the highest phenotypic correlation with density (rp = 0.81). All methods that excluded data after the drill exits the tree had very strong genetic correlations (rg > 0.92), although avoiding bark gave a noticeable increase in genetic correlation. Unprocessed drill resistance had unacceptably low phenotypic correlations (rp = 0.38) and the lowest genetic correlation observed, although it was still very high (rg = 0.91). For tree breeding programs, we recommend developing reasonable bark and pith depth thresholds and using simple rules to avoid bark and friction.
Effect of Adhesives on Bonding Performance of Softwood and Hardwood Plywood
Authors: Belaidi Dalila , Lamichhane Aadarsha , Pradhan Suman , Mohammadabadi Mostafa , Shmulsky Rubin , Wang Xiping
Published: December 2024

In this study, the effects of adhesives on the bonding performance of both southern yellow pine (SYP) and red maple plywood were investigated. Phenol–formaldehyde (PF), polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI), phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde (PRF), and polyurethane (PUR) were evaluated. This allowed us to understand the difference between thermosetting and cold-setting adhesives, as well as phenolic and isocyanate ones. Three-ply plywoods were fabricated using red maple veneers (Acer rubrum) for hardwood plywood specimens and using SYP (Pinus spp.) for softwood plywood specimens. The bonding was evaluated using lap shear and cyclic tests. According to ASTM D906, approximately 40 specimens per adhesive per species were subjected to a lap shear test to determine their shear strength. Wood failure of the shear specimens was evaluated visually and using an image processing software, ImageJ. In accordance with the American National Standards Institute for Hardwood and Decorative Plywood/Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association (ANSI/HPVA HP-1 2020), 12 specimens per adhesive per species were tested for delamination. These specimens underwent three cycles of soaking in water for 4 hours followed by drying for 19 hours. The findings of this study indicated that the isocyanate-based adhesives produced superior bonding, particularly PUR for red maple and pMDI for SYP. PF resin could potentially substitute for these isocyanate-based adhesives, as the observed difference was not statistically significant.
The role of tax evasion in the rapid growth of the informal sector in developing countries
Authors: Avom Désiré , Ongo Nkoa Bruno Emmanuel , Song Jacques Simon
Published: December 2024

Under-taxation is a major feature of economies in developing countries and one that has been little ignored in the subsequent literature on the informal sector. Tax evasion is an endemic and more predictable problem in developing countries striving to balance their budgets. Its effects have been extensively studied in the empirical literature. In this article, we examine the role of tax evasion on the size of the informal sector. Using a sample of 99 developing countries, we specify and estimate a panel data model using the ordinary least squares, fixed effects and generalized least squares methods. Our analysis of tax evasion implies significant improvement for the informal sector. Controlled by two complementary measures of the informal sector (the ‘multiple indicators, multiple causes’ indicator and share of informal firms), our results remain statistically significant, robust and stable overall. We suggest a policy of using carrots, for example, by digitizing tax procedures, and sticks, such as tax adjustments, to promote the development of the informal sector.
Compact high-power MIR laser through pulse fiber laser pumped PPMgLN-based OPO
Authors: Yang Shengxiang , Shen Yonghang
Published: December 2024

We present a compact high-power mid-infrared laser (MIR) through pulse fiber laser pumped PPMgLN-based optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The pulse fiber laser consists of a gain-switched pulse fiber laser seed and one stage fiber amplifier, which features an all polarization-maintained fiber structure with a linearly polarized maximum average power output of 40 W. A semi-external-cavity structure is utilized to simplify the OPO system and to mitigate the thermal lens impact under high-power operation. Mid-infrared output of 4.75 W at 3.81 µm is achieved under pump power of 31.31 W at pulse repetition rate of 50 kHz, corresponding to pump to MIR conversion efficiency of 15.17%. High beam quality MIR output is obtained, in which the beam quality factor (M2) is measured to be 1.72 for horizontal and 1.87 for vertical, respectively.
GPU-optimized matrix method for phase retrieval with the transport of intensity equation
Authors: Silva Alejandro , Alonso Julia R.
Published: December 2024

The transport of intensity equation (TIE) facilitates quantitative and deterministic retrieval of the optical phase and has been established as a non-interferometric approach for quantitative phase imaging. However, state-of-the-art methods face limitations in terms of the trade-off between accuracy and execution time. In this work, we propose a GPU-optimized iterative phase retrieval method based on the TIE, called the matrix solution to the TIE (MS-TIE). The MS-TIE employs a matrix formulation in the Fourier domain at each iteration, enabling parallelization of the solution and minimizing the number of operations required. The MS-TIE exhibits improved performance in terms of both accuracy and execution time, particularly demonstrating significant advancements in balancing these aspects in comparison to state-of-the-art methods. Simulations with arbitrary phase and intensity patterns as well as experiments with biological samples, verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Influence of chromatic properties of background on color constancy for a two-dimensional stimulus
Authors: Hou Tengxuan , Ma Ruiqing , DeLawyer Tanner , Shinomori Keizo
Published: December 2024

We investigated how the chromatic properties of background surfaces affect color constancy using two-dimensional stimuli in a haploscopic view. The reference and test stimuli, illuminated by D65 and chromatic illuminants (red, green, blue, and yellow), consisted of a central 1.2° test patch, a 4.2° Mondrian-like background, and a peripheral 0.4° gray fringe. We used the neutral background and chromatic red-, green-, blue-, and yellow-dominated backgrounds, in which these patch colors were systematically shifted to one color direction while keeping the hue circle. In the first two conditions, both the reference and test feature the same background (neutral and complementary to the illuminant color). In contrast, in the last two conditions, the reference and test stimuli feature different backgrounds, and the expected color appearance of the backgrounds, except at the fringe, looks similar (the color of the illuminant and neutral). The results showed a notable decline in color constancy in the last two conditions, suggesting that the effectiveness of adaptation and illuminant estimation is reduced by the smaller stimulation difference between the reference and test, as well as by the unexpected spatial color structure, even though the cue itself still exists.
Design of a compact long-wave infrared inverse telephoto lens
Authors: Batshev Vladislav I. , Kryukov Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. This study focuses on the methodology for designing a miniature thermal imaging lens tailored for integration within a compact multispectral device that captures multiple spectral images simultaneously using a single-matrix radiation detector. Aim of study. The aim was to develop a fundamental design scheme and calculation methodology for the optical system of a miniature thermal imaging lens operating within the 8–14 µm long-wave infrared (LWIR) range. Method. The proposed design approach combines a compositional optical-system synthesis method with an algebraic technique based on the third-order aberration theory. The lens utilizes an inverse telephoto configuration, consisting of a primary two-element cemented component and a corrective element with two meniscus lenses, to address astigmatism and field curvature. Main results. A scheme for constructing a miniature LWIR inverse telephoto lens was introduced along with a synthesis methodology for its optical system based on the third-order aberration theory. Dimensional and aberrational calculations were performed, and the image quality produced by the lens was assessed. The lens achieved correction close to the diffraction limit, with a standard aperture and wide field-of-view. Notably, its final optical system was developed with no automated correction. Practical significance. The proposed lens design can be applied in various fields, particularly in multispectral thermal imaging systems requiring spatial-spectral data acquisition, which is valuable for remote sensing, environmental monitoring, and other applications. Owing to the compact dimensions of the lens, it is suitable for integration within small devices and mounting on mobile platforms.
Analysis of data from biomedical multisensor optical systems
Authors: Mazing Mariia S. , Zaitceva Anna Yu. , Novikov Lev V.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. This study investigates multisensor optical systems developed for biomedical research, focusing on methodologies for applying a multisensor approach to optical biomedical diagnostics. Aim of study. The study aims to design and perform a comprehensive analysis of a multichannel optical system for collecting, transmitting, and analyzing diagnostic data. Additionally, it seeks to develop an effective algorithm for preprocessing large volumes of optical signals that characterize the state of biological objects using data mining techniques. Method. The study applies multidimensional data mining techniques to implement a multisensor approach to ranking optical spectroscopy signals. Main results. A compact optical multisensor system designed for biomedical diagnostics is introduced. This system features an array of 18 photodiode-sensitive elements with selective sensitivity to optical radiation in the visible and infrared ranges (410–940 nm). The study outlines the analytical stages for processing multidimensional information obtained from the system, incorporating principal component analysis and cluster analysis algorithms. Experimental studies involving human participants validated the efficacy of the proposed methodologies. Using data mining techniques, the study visualized ranked subject data, uncovering hidden patterns in the functional states of microcirculatory tissue systems based on sensor array readings. Practical significance. The findings have significant practical implications for the development of automated systems incorporating optical multisensor technologies. These systems can address challenges associated with identifying and analyzing the functional states of complex multicomponent biological tissues and fluids in the human body.
Suppression of Modulated Electron Beam Diffraction Radiation from Finite Array of Circular Graphene Nanotubes due to the Lattice-Mode Effect
Authors: Herasymova Dariia O.
Published: December 2024

We analyze the effect of the suppression of the diffraction radiation (DR) caused by the electron beam flowing above a finite grating made of dielectric circular nanowires with graphene covers – see Fig.1. The work focuses on the combined effect of the plasmon-mode and the lattice-mode resonances on DR.
Controlling lyotropic liquid crystalline self-assembly for creating nano carriers for biomedical applications
Authors: Tran Nhiem
Published: December 2024

Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have been widely used as carriers for drugs and genes, including in mRNA-vaccines for COVD-19. A special class of LNP, lyotropic liquid crystalline LNP, comprise mainly of amphiphilic lipids self-assembling into two- and three-dimensional, inverse hexagonal, and cubic nanostructures (Fig. 1). Mesophase structures of self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles are important factors that directly influence their ability to encapsulate and release drugs and their biological activities.1, 2 For example, the release rate of hydrophilic compounds was found to be much faster in the cubic phase than in the hexagonal phase, micellar cubic phase, and microemulsion.3 Additionally, it has been shown that the internal nanostructures also affect cellular response such as cell uptake of nanoparticles, hemolysis, and cytotoxicity.4 Importantly, the in vivo behavior of nanoparticles such as biodistribution appears to be regulated by their nanostructures.5 However, it is difficult to predict and precisely control the mesophase behavior of these self-assembled nanomaterials, especially in complex systems with several components.
Ultra-wide dynamic structural colors with width-modulated Cr-subwavelength grating on Ni/SiO2 films
Authors: Takashima Yuusuke , Nagamatsu Kentaro , Naoi Yoshiki
Published: December 2024

The structural color resulting from the interaction between light and artificially designed nanostructures is attractive for many fields including display, imaging, and security [1]. Dynamic control of the interaction significantly promotes the flexibility of design and is very important for the applications mentioned above. Many researchers tried to produce the dynamic structural color using mechanical displacement [2], polarization [3], and phase-change materials [4]. However, the color gamut from one design unit still be restricted. In this work, we demonstrated ultra-wide dynamic structural colors utilizing highly lossy metal/insulator/metal (MIM) structures with width-modulated subwavelength grating (SWG).
Designing Reconfigurable Metamaterials Toward Structural Color Generation
Authors: Pourmand M. , Choudhury Pankaj K.
Published: December 2024

Dynamic color-generation structures provide higher resolution and scalability compared to the traditional pigmentation-based displays [1]. The main roadblock to the wide adoption of structural colors is the fixed optical response after the realization process. To address this issue, several kinds of tunability mechanisms have been introduced including the implementation of plasmonic nano-antennas enabled by liquid crystals [2] and plasmonic resonators exploiting stretchable materials [3]. The chalcogenide phase-change mediums- (PCMs) based plasmonic structures [7]. Herein, we propose an optimized PCM-integrated structure to generate a wide spectrum of colors.
Breaking of Phonon Bottleneck In CsPbI3 Nanocrystals Due To Efficient Auger Recombination
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Ray Samit K , Adarsh K V
Published: December 2024

Inorganics lead halide perovskite (LHP) have been became appropriate system for demonstrating light-matter interaction due to their flexible bandgap tunability, defect tolerance and high photoluminescence quantum yield nature. Although, LHPs have many hallmark properties which can support highly efficient photovoltaic devices, but they lost lot of energy in carriers-phonon scattering which slow down the recombination process and decrease the efficiency. Faster thermalization time of hot carriers support electron-hole recombination at band-edge which can be exploited in optoelectronic devices either by incorporating electrons/holes transport layer for photovoltaic or fast recombination for LED. Recently, efficient photovoltaic and light emitting devices are immediate requirement for high-speed quantum technologies. Here, we have chosen CsPbI3 and Cu-doped CsPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs) and addressed both issues simultaneously by using transient absorption spectroscopy. Our sample can be classified as an intermediate confinement as the size of NCs is 16 nm (32 nm) for CsPbI3 (Cu-doped CsPbI3) NCs which are higher than Bohr’s radius (~12 nm), and give sharp excitonic peaks in ground state optical absorption with excitonic position at ~2.1 eV. Further, by femtosecond laser excitation with 400 nm and 120 fs pulse width, which is generated by second harmonic of fundamental wavelength 800 nm. The fluence-dependent measurement revealed the many-body interaction and hot carriers dynamics. At higher fluence, say 150 μJ/cm2 and above, pristine CsPbI3 NCs shows breaking of phonon bottleneck effect by fast decay while Cu-doped NCs showed slow thermalization. To get insight, we have calculated Auger recombination (non-radiative) lifetime by subtractive method. The lifetime measurements clearly distinguished the appearance of contrast results due to efficient Auger process associated with pristine CsPbI3 NCs. Thus, our results provide insight to incorporate metal doping and understanding about hot carrier dynamics for solar energy harvesting.
Optical chirality enhancement at the nanoscale using inversely-designed 3D nanogap antennas
Authors: Taguchi Atsushi , Sasaki Keiji
Published: December 2024

We present a 3D nanogap antenna with a high chiral dissymmetry—the field intensity at the nanogap is high for a particular handedness of circularly polarized incident light while not for the other[1]. The antenna structure was found using a computational inverse design technique called topology optimization. With circularly polarized incident light implemented into the algorithm, a spiral structure was created that is too complex to attain by human intuition or imagination. We calculated the near-field intensity at the nanogap of the structure, and the resultant dissymmetry factor was as high as 1.40. We also found a 50-fold enhancement of the optical chirality within the nanogap compared to that of the circularly polarized plane wave propagating in the free space. The chirality enhancement was elucidated with a fluid model of the chirality flux within the 3D nanoantenna, which is then correlated to light’s spin angular momentum (SAM). This finding can be a novel design strategy to enhance optical chirality density at the nanoscale using nanophotonic structures, potentially revolutionizing the field of nanophotonics and plasmonics.
Bessel Beam-Instigated Two-Fold SERS Enhancement in AuNP Structures Compare to Drop Casting
Authors: Choudhary Riya , Vairagi Kaushal , Mondal Samir K. , Srivastava Sachin K.
Published: December 2024

Since the discovery of SERS, due to its high sensitivity, it has been widely used in various fields such as biosensing, chemical sensing, and food safety etc., [1]. In SERS, when a probe molecule is placed near a metallic nanostructure it feels a localized field generated due to localized surface plasmons (LSPs) which effectively amplifies its Raman signal. The LSPs are the collective oscillation of free electrons in metallic nanostructures [2]. For the fabrication of the SERS active substrates various methods have been introduced to arrange the metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in specific morphologies and arrangements [3]. Optical forces of a laser beam can be employed to arrange metallic NPs efficiently on a substrate [4].
Shift current photovoltaics in single domain ferroelectric SnS
Authors: Nagashio Kosuke
Published: December 2024

The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) in ferroelectrics, wherein spontaneous polarization can be reversed within crystals lacking centrosymmetry, encompasses the significant contribution of ferroelectric domain walls (DWs), known as DW-PVE. Nevertheless, the separation between intrinsic BPVE within the domain and DW-PVE remains unexplored in two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics, notwithstanding its significant importance. In this study, we have successfully grown sizable crystals of 2D ferroelectric SnS, facilitating comprehensive yet intricate examination of domain configurations utilizing polarized optical microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy. By properly selecting the large ferroelectric single domain within SnS crystals, uniform intrinsic BPVE across the domain was unequivocally demonstrated.
Exciton transfer and interface excitons in mixed-dimensional heterostructures
Authors: Fang N. , Chang Y. R. , Fujii S. , Yamashita D. , Maruyama M. , Gao Y. , Fong C. F. , Kozawa D. , Otsuka K. , Nagashio K. , Okada S. , Kato Y. K.
Published: December 2024

Two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures have introduced unconventional phenomena that emerge at atomically precise interfaces, and further development is expected in mixed-dimensional heterostructures. Here we discuss exciton physics in 1D-2D heterostructures consisting of one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional tungsten diselenide. Both the chirality and the layer number are identified before assembling the clean and free-standing heterostructures, allowing for investigation of the band alignment effects. For small band gap nanotubes corresponding to type I band alignment, exciton transfer is observed [1]. The mixed-dimensional heterostructures display a remarkable exciton reservoir effect where the longer-lifetime excitons within the two-dimensional semiconductor are funneled into carbon nanotubes through diffusion.
Dry transfer and optical properties of CVD-grown transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Zhang Wenjin , Ogawa Tomoya , Endo Takahiko , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Sannomiya Takumi , Matsuda Kazunari , Miyata Yasumitsu
Published: December 2024

Improving the transfer technique of 2D materials is an important issue for their fundamental study and future applications. Even though much progress has been made, the search for exfoliated thin and sufficiently large flakes of 2D materials is still very time-consuming. In contrast, the use of triangular single crystals of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) allows for easy determination of crystal orientation and thus easy control of twist angles. However, there have been only a few reports on dry transfer and its effect on the optical properties of CVD-grown TMDCs. One of the major technical difficulties is the efficient peeling of CVD-grown monolayers from growth substrates. In general, CVD-grown monolayers are known to adhere strongly to growth substrates compared to exfoliated flakes. Compared with the solution or chemical assisted transfer of CVD grown TMDCs, the dry transfer should keep the intrinsic properties of as grown TMDCs because the solution processes induce physical or chemical property modulations of TMDCs. To expand the versatility of this growth-assisted approach, it is highly desirable to demonstrate the dry transfer and investigate its effects on physical properties.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Millimeter Scale CVD Graphene
Authors: Sengottaiyan Chinnasamy , Hirosawa Kazunori , Kurachi Yuta , Hara Masanori , Yoshimura Masamichi
Published: December 2024

Despite the large single-crystal graphene is highly desired and important for the applications of graphene in electronics, it is still a challenge to precisely control the nucleation site of graphene to develop wafer-scale high-quality graphene. Herein, we synthesized millimeter-scale high-quality graphene on Cu-foil by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). To synthesize graphene, a copper foil was annealed in Ar and H2 atmosphere to remove impurities and increase grain size.