bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomorphometric and hematobiochemical alterations in the juvenile african catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to propranolol
Authors: Melefa Temitope D. , Hinmikaiye Funmilayo F. , Andong Felix A. , Echude Daniel E. , Ali Daoud , Alarifi Saud , Abara Priscilla Nkeonye , Nwani Christopher. D.
Published: June 2024

Propranolol (PRO) is a beta-blocker drug used for the treatment of anxiety, chest pain, migraine and tremors. The present study investigated whether sublethal concentrations of PRO have effects on the body condition, biochemistry, and hematology of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) of the drug, which was established through an acute toxicity study, was 9.48 mg/L. Based on these values, the fish were exposed for 21 days to the control and sublethal concentrations of 1.90, 0.95, and 0.63 mg/L, which are equivalent to the 1/5th, 1/10th, and 1/20th of the LC50 of PRO, respectively. After 21 days of exposure, the fish were removed from the toxicant and kept in toxicant-free water for 7 days to recover. The standard length and body weight of each fish were measured after each exposure period. The condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were not significantly affected by the drug. The red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) count and packed cell volume (PCV) decreased from day 7 to 21 at the tested concentrations, while the white blood cell (WBC) count significantly increased. There were alterations in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in the exposed groups compared to those in the control group. When neutrophil counts increased, the lymphocyte counts decreased, but the monocyte, basophil cell and eosinophil cell counts were not affected. Among the liver enzymes, only aspartate aminotransferase was significantly stimulated in the groups that were exposed to the drug. The protein and glucose levels of fish exposed to the drug decreased. Most of the studied parameters returned to their original values after the 7-day recovery period. The information provided in the current study will be helpful in the monitoring of PRO contamination in aquatic environments.
Are implant-based treatments considered viable for patients with focal or florid cemento-osseous dysplasia? A systematic review
Authors: Hosseinpour Setareh , Khademi Mohammad Hadi , Erfani Maryam , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Heboyan Artak
Published: June 2024

Background

Focal and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia are benign fibro-osseous lesions affecting the quality and quantity of the jawbones. This study aimed to determine the viability of implant-based approaches in the affected patients.

Main text

Different scientific databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were searched until October 8, 2023, using a pre-determined search strategy. Two reviewers screened the retrieved reports and extracted the required information from the included studies. The eligibility criteria included English-language case reports/series or clinical trials. The JBI critical appraisal checklist for case reports was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Three studies were deemed eligible to be included in this study out of the initial 202 records found. Five implants were placed in three patients, positioned in the proximity of the lesion area, without any additional treatment to remove the pathology. The mandibular posterior area was the affected site in all patients. Only one implant failed in one patient after 16 years, which was attributed to peri-implantitis and not the lesion. Other implants demonstrated successful maintenance over follow-up periods.

Conclusions

Although the number of the included records was relatively low to draw firm conclusions, it seems that implant-based treatments in patients with focal/florid cemento-osseous dysplasia could be viable, considering a conservative and well-planned approach.
Sex Hotels and Squirting Workshops
Authors: Luna Sarah
Published: June 2024

In the context of a system in which cis men's pleasure has been prioritized and pleasure has been presumed to operate within a strict gender binary, this ethnographic study asks what spaces and practices of queer pleasure have emerged in Mexico City. This article examines settings in which sexual pleasure is pursued, purchased, and weaponized, that is to say, valued in different ways. It first examines sex hotels and other spaces that, although historically part of a cisheteropatriarchal infrastructure, have increasingly allowed for a wider scope of persons to purchase pleasure as a commodity. Second, it focuses on the critical pleasure activism of Latin American transfeministas, including educational spaces such as squirting workshops, showing how, for some activists and artists, centering pleasure and the erotic is a space of countersexual world making that makes pleasure a communal value. Bringing together queer and anthropological approaches to value and money, this article queers neoliberal uses and abuses of the value(s) of pleasure.
Endoscopic Versus Traditional Thoracic Discectomy: A Multicenter Retrospective Case Series and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sofoluke Nelson , Leyendecker Jannik , Barber Sean , Reardon Taylor , Bieler Eliana , Patel Akshay , Kashlan Osama , Bredow Jan , Eysel Peer , Gardocki Raymond J. , Hasan Saqib , Telfeian Albert E. , Hofstetter Christoph P. , Konakondla Sanjay
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Surgical treatment for symptomatic thoracic disc herniations (TDH) involves invasive open surgical approaches with relatively high complication rates and prolonged hospital stays. Although advantages of full endoscopic spine surgery (FESS) are well-established in lumbar disc herniations, data are limited for the endoscopic treatment of TDH despite potential benefits regarding surgical invasiveness. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of potential benefits of FESS for the treatment of TDH.

METHODS:

PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus were systematically searched for the term “thoracic disc herniation” up to March 2023 and study quality appraised with a subsequent meta-analysis. Primary outcomes were perioperative complications, need for instrumentation, and reoperations. Simultaneously, we performed a multicenter retrospective evaluation of outcomes in patients undergoing full endoscopic thoracic discectomy.

RESULTS:

We identified 3190 patients from 108 studies for the traditional thoracic discectomy meta-analysis. Pooled incidence rates of complications were 25% (95% CI 0.22-0.29) for perioperative complications and 7% (95% CI 0.05-0.09) for reoperation. In this cohort, 37% (95% CI 0.26-0.49) of patients underwent instrumentation. The pooled mean for estimated blood loss for traditional approaches was 570 mL (95% CI 477.3-664.1) and 7.0 days (95% CI 5.91-8.14) for length of stay. For FESS, 41 patients from multiple institutions were retrospectively reviewed, perioperative complications were reported in 4 patients (9.7%), 4 (9.7%) required revision surgery, and 6 (14.6%) required instrumentation. Median blood loss was 5 mL (IQR 5-10), and length of stay was 0.43 days (IQR 0-1.23).

CONCLUSION:

The results suggest that full endoscopic thoracic discectomy is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with symptomatic TDH. When compared with open surgical approaches, FESS dramatically diminishes invasiveness, the rate of complications, and need for prolonged hospitalizations. Full endoscopic spine surgery has the capacity to alter the standard of care for TDH treatment toward an elective outpatient surgery.
Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Titania Nanoparticle-Reinforced Bonding Agent in Reducing Post-Restorative Sensitivity: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Amir Nehal , Mansoor Afsheen , Noor Nouman , Hussain Khadim
Published: June 2024

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of novel titania-nanoparticle reinforced bonding agent on post-restorative sensitivity in patients.
Methods: This triple-blinded, randomized clinical trial included participants (n = 60) having Class- I and II cavitations with a minimum cavity depth of 3mm at Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad from January 5, 2023, to June 20, 2023. They were randomly assigned into two groups A and B (n = 30). After informed consent, restorative intervention was accomplished using an etch-and-rinse adhesive strategy. In Group-A, titania-nanoparticle-incorporated bonding agent was used for composite restoration, while in Group-B, bonding agent without nanoparticles was used. The primary outcome was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale mean score. Participants were instructed to rate their sensitivity status at follow-ups: 24 hours, one week, and one month. Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare sensitivity between the two groups.
Results: According to results of this trial, a significant difference was observed between two groups after 24 hours (p = 0.004) and one week (p = 0.002). However, no discernible difference was observed after one month (p = 0.643).
Conclusion: Post-restorative sensitivity in patients with composite restorations was reduced using titania-reinforced bonding agents as compared to bonding agents without nanoparticles. This shows that inclusion of titania nanoparticles into adhesive dentistry could be beneficial in resolving post-restorative sensitivity occurring with composite restorations.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.8779
How to cite this: Amir N, Mansoor A, Noor N, Hussain K. Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Titania Nanoparticle-Reinforced Bonding Agent in Reducing Post-Restorative Sensitivity: A randomized clinical trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.8779
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
La reforma del juicio verbal en el Real Decreto-Ley 6/2023: medidas de eficiencia digital y procesal.
Authors: Vallespín Pérez David
Published: June 2024

Este estudio se centra en el análisis de la reforma del juicio verbal con motivo de la aprobación del Real Decreto-Ley 6/2023, de 19 de diciembre, por el que el que se aprueban medidas urgentes para la ejecución del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia en materia de servicio público de Justicia, función pública, régimen local y mecenazgo; con especial referencia a las que afectan a su ámbito de aplicación, demanda, contestación, procedimiento testigo, citación para la vista, casos especiales de tramitación del juicio verbal, causas de oposición, diligencias finales, o resoluciones sobre prueba y recursos. Medidas que no solo resultan de aplicación al juicio verbal auténtico, sino también a no pocos procesos civiles especiales. Una reforma que, con luces y sombras, sigue la línea de consolidar un juicio verbal ajustado al obligado respeto del modelo constitucional de juicio justo, corrigiendo así algunas lagunas constitucionales propias de su regulación de 2000; así como se adscribe a los objetivos de eficiencia digital y procesal.
Revista Divulgación Científica Universidad del Rosario No. 7
Authors: Sampayo Andrés Miguel , Basset Yann , Franco Cuervo Ana Beatriz , Botero Cabrera Sandra , Sarasua Suárez Juan Manuel , Ramírez Gonzáles Juan David , Céspedes Báez Lina María , Prieto Ríos Enrique Alberto , Suárez Ronny , Barragán Barrera Dalia C. , Calderón Ospina Carlos Alberto , Rueda Aleida , Saldaña Medina Caleb , García Sicard Nadia , Hernández Arrieta Stefany , Paredes Escobar Mario Rolando , Serrano Gil Ximena , Riveros Rivera Andre Josafat , Estrada Villegas Sergio , Soto Méndez Michelle , Franco Franco Carlos Alberto , Gómez Rey Andrés , Baquero Melo Jairo , Páez Torres Magda , Carriazo Osorio Fernando , López Plazas María Alejandra , Otero Cardona Jesús , Mayorga David , de la Torre Alejandra , Urbano Nathalia , Aya Parra Pedro Antonio , Barreto Zorza Yenny Marcela , Enríquez Barreto Carolina , Rincón Cárdenas Erick , Gaitán García Felipe , Orjuela Cañón Álvaro , Amado Mateus Marelby , García Prada María José , Leal Villamizar María José , Garzón Díaz Karim del Rocío , Moncayo Patricia , del Riesgo Prendes Lilia , Vargas Sebastián , Schuster Sven , Abondano Felipe , Celeita Rodríguez David Felipe
Published: June 2024

Los logros que podemos documentar en este número de nuestra revista Divulgación Científica son una muestra de lo anterior. Cada una de las investigaciones sobre las que presentamos artículos en esta ocasión son el resultado del trabajo que con un rotundo compromiso realizan cada una de las personas que nos acompañan en esta entrega. Podemos contar con estos testimonios gracias a que trabajamos con varios periodistas científicos, y los desarrollos a los cuales pueden acercarse nuestros lectores por medio del ejemplar que tienen en sus manos o de los links a los que pueden acceder en el universo virtual son también gracias al trabajo en equipo, en red.
Edutokers latinoamericanos: alcance e interacción 2.0
Authors: Salazar-Vallejo Geovanna , Rivera-Rogel Diana
Published: June 2024

TikTok se consolida como un sitio de redes sociales utilizado para compartir videos breves. La cantidad de productores de contenido latinoamericanos que usan la plataforma para enfocarse en la educación y el aprendizaje se está expandiendo; se les conoce como ‘edutokers’. Emplean TikTok para entregar materiales educativos y consejos sobre una variedad de temas, volviendo accesible el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje para los usuarios, con una perspectiva lúdica y creativa. Con estos antecedentes, la presente investigación establece la interacción generada por los principales edutokers en América Latina a través de los contenidos expuestos a la audiencia; así mismo, delimita cuáles son los perfiles y publicaciones con mayor repercusión dentro de Latinoamérica. Se utiliza una metodología cuantitativa, con la herramienta de monitoreo Fanpage Karma, por medio de una selección de variables que abarca: número se seguidores, tamaño del video, interacción de las publicaciones, número de comentarios, publicaciones por día, compromiso, uso de hashtags y palabras, publicaciones que produjeron mayor feedback. Se obtiene como resultado que los edutokers latinoamericanos reportan un índice de interacción representativa a través de comentarios y reacciones, conjuntamente con posteos que evidencian un lenguaje informal marcado por el uso de palabras clave y hashtags como mediadoras del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
People’s perception of the impact of parks on increasing physical activity in the community
Authors: Farias Joni Marcio de , Quinaud Ricardo Teixeira
Published: June 2024

The present study aimed to analyze the probability of people’s responses about the impact of parks on increasing physical activity in the community. Data was collected with park goers and a total of 427 participants responded to the structured questionnaire with a scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 10 (totally). Data was analyzed using multilevel ordinal regression analysis considering the variability by gender, civil state, distance from the park, education, age group, living time in the city, time spent by the users in the park and wage. Participants presented similar probabilities of responses. There were found tendencies of lower impact of the parks in older (> 60 years old) and single people as well as in people living further from the parks (> 6 km). The high probabilities of responses were for values 8, 9 and 10. We can conclude people have a perception of the high impact of the parks on increasing physical activity in the community. This study contributes to encourage stakeholders to act in favor of public open spaces and to develop more action in the spaces that already exist.
Penerapan On Grid Photovoltaic pada Mesin Pasteurisasi Kejut Listrik guna Mengurangi Biaya Operasional Kelompok Ternak Kambing Perah Etawa Plosoklaten, Kediri
Authors: Pamuji Feby Agung , Riawan Dedet Candra , Soedibyo Soedibyo , Suryoatmojo Heri , Ashari Mochamad
Published: June 2024

Perkembangan industri peternakan semakin meningkat baik usaha peternakan skala kecil maupun skala besar. Kebutuhan protein hewani dapat dipenuhi dari hasil produksi peternakan baik dari daging maupun susu. Produksi susu dalam negeri hanya mampu mencapai angka 21% dari konsumsi nasional, sedangkan 79% sisanya merupakan pasokan produk dari luar negeri atau import. Susu kambing menjadi salah satu produk peternakan yang umum dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat, karena susu kambing memiliki tingkat manfaat yang banyak khususnya untuk kesehatan manusia. Dalam proses produksi susu kambing, setelah diperas, susu kambing harus dimasak serta diaduk dengan suhu yang tinggi. Proses masak tersebut bertujuan untuk menghilangkan bakteri yang ada di dalam larutan susu. Secara umum, proses ini masih menggunakan kompor gas yang membuat proses ini cukup lama dan cukup memberatkan dari segi biaya operasional. Di sisi lain, potensi energi terbarukan berupa energi matahari sangat besar di kawasan peternakan. Oleh karena itu dirancanglah inovasi alat pasteurisasi bertenaga matahari. Pada sistem ini, alat pasteurisasi beroperasi dengan energi listrik, ketika susu dimasukkan ke alat pasteurisasi, susu akan diberikan kejut listrik sehingga bakteri pada susu kambing secara instan akan mati dan susu siap dikonsumsi, hal ini memiliki keuntungan dari segi waktu jika dibandingkan dengan proses masak. Untuk suplai elektris, sumber energi dari matahari akan dikonversi menjadi energi listrik dan disalurkan menuju alat pasteurisasi untuk menghidupkan alat. Dengan adanya inovasi ini, diharapkan dapat mengenalkan kepada masyarakat mengenai penerapan energi baru terbarukan di bidang peternakan dan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas peternak susu kambing di daerah Plosoklaten, Kediri.
Sosialisasi Serta Pembuatan Buku Panduan Mengenai Bahaya dan Mitigasi Petir Guna Mengurangi Resiko Tersambar Petir di Desa Ngendut, Ponorogo
Authors: Asfani Dimas Anton , Negara I Made Yulistya , Hernanda I Gusti Ngurah Satriyadi , Handayani Puji , Suryani Titiek , Kuswidiastuti Devy , Setijadi Eko , Nugraha Yurid Eka , Fahmi Daniar
Published: June 2024

Sambaran petir merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang dapat menyebabkan korban jiwa dan kerugian material. Desa Ngendut, Ponorogo merupakan salah satu desa yang sering dilanda sambaran petir. Untuk mengurangi risiko tersambar petir di desa ini melalui skema pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan Laboratorium Tegangan Tinggi Departemen Teknik Elektro ITS turut menjawab permasalahan tersebut dengan melakukan sosialisasi bahaya dan mitigasi sambaran petir serta pembuatan buku penangkal petir sederhana guna mengurangi risiko tersambar petir di Desa Ngendut, Ponorogo. Materi sosialisasi meliputi bahaya sambaran petir, dan cara menghindari sambaran petir, serta membuat buku panduan bahaya petir dan prosedur keselamatannya untuk memudahkan warga desa dalam memahami materi sosialisasi. Sasaran kegiatan penyuluhan pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah para Warga Desa Ngendut, Kabupaten Ponorogo. Hasil dari sosialisasi ini telah meningkatkan kesadaran Warga Desa Ngendut bahaya sambaran petir dan meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam melakukan mitigasi sambaran petir.
Budidaya Cabai Besar di Lahan Tidak Produktif Desa Keputih, Kecamatan Sukolilo, Kota Surabaya dengan Teknik Hidroponik Sistem Irigasi Tetes: Upaya Memberdayakan Kelompok Ibu-ibu PKK
Authors: Sugiarso Djarot , Juwono Hendro , Harmami Harmami , Ulfin Ita , Ni'mah Yatim Lailun , Manuhara Yosephine Sri Wulan
Published: June 2024

Budidaya cabai besar menggunakan teknik hidroponik sistem irigasi tetes diterapkan dalam kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) di Kelurahan Keputih, Kecamatan Sukolilo, Kota Surabaya dengan latar belakang adanya lahan tidak produktif di desa tersebut dan Ibu-ibu PKK sebagai mitra. Teknik penanaman menggunakan metode hidroponik dapat mengatasi kondisi lahan yang tidak subur, karena metode ini menggunakan nutrisi yang terlarut dalam media air, sehingga tidak membutuhkan media tanam padat (tanah). Budidaya cabai besar dilakukan di dalam rumah kaca ukuran 6 x 12 m (72 m2) agar tanaman tidak terpapar hama. Kerangka rumah kaca terbuat dari kanal c75 galvalum. Atap rumah kaca adalah plastik UV tebal 250 µ, 14%; sedangkan untuk menutup rumah kaca digunakan insect net. Selanjutkan kegiatan PkM dilanjutkan dengan pelatihan dan praktek hidroponik system irigasi tetes. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat menunjukkan keterlibatan Ibu-ibu PKK dalam seluruh kegiatan dan hasil budidaya cabai besar menghasilkan cabai besar yang layak jual, sehingga diharapkan pengetahuan yang diberikan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini dapat meningkatkan pendapatan.
Public toilets and their potential impact on an individual's health
Authors: Kelly Anne Marie
Published: June 2024

In modern society, people engage in social interactions and activities outside their own home. When in public settings people may need to eliminate bodily waste, so public toilets are required. Accessibility, availability and adaptability are essential principles for safe, private, and purposeful visits to public toilets. A diverse range of individuals use public toilets: various age profiles, all gender groups, vulnerable individuals and people with additional needs. Public toilets essentially need to be a place of privacy, safety and cleanliness to facilitate elimination of urine, evacuation of faeces, management of menstruation, and changing/disposing of continence wear products in a secure environment.
Using a prognostic medical device for early identification of pressure ulcers: protocol for study design
Authors: Keltie Kim , Parker Rosalyn , Dervin Humayra , Pagnamenta Fania , Milne Jeanette , Belilios Emma , Latimer Lizzy , Wason James , Ogundimu Emmanuel , McParlin Catherine , Sims Andrew
Published: June 2024

Background:

An objective, physiological measurement taken using a medical device may reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers through earlier detection of problems signs before visual signs appear. Research in this field is hampered by variations in clinical practice and patient-level confounders.

Aim:

The authors outline key considerations for designing a protocol for a study to assess the efficacy and safety of a prognostic medical device in reducing pressure ulcer incidence in a hospital, including comparators, randomisation, sample size, ethics and practical issues.

Method:

Key issues relating to methodology and ethics are considered alongside a theoretical protocol, which could support future researchers in wound care trials.

Results:

A prospective, three-armed, multi-centre, stratified cluster-randomised controlled trial is proposed. The third arm is recommended as it is expected that patients will need to be moved for the medical device to be used and repositioning is a preventive strategy. A minimum of 16 200 patients in 33 wards would needed to be recruited to achieve statistical significance. Ethical considerations in terms of consent or assent need to be considered.

Conclusion:

The hypothetical study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a diagnostic or prognostic medical device in reducing pressure ulcer incidence in secondary care, while accounting for biases, would require large sample sizes and involves risks of inter-operator and inter-device reliability, heterogeneity of users and the vague clinical interpretation of device results. Robust research in this field has the potential to influence or change policy and practice relating to the prevention of pressure ulcers in secondary care.
Identification of Buxtonella sulcata with phylogenetic analysis in cattle in Egypt
Authors:   Parasitology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Assiut Governorate 71511, Egypt, Kuraa Huda Mohammed , Malek Safaa Sayed ,   Infectious Diseases, Department of animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut Governorate 71511, Egypt
Published: June 2024

Protozoan diseases are of great significance in ruminants. In Egypt, the published data for Buxtonella sulcata (B. sulcata) in cattle is limited. This is the first study on B. sulcata in Assiut governorate via PCR and phylogenetic analysis. This study investigated the B. sulcata positive rate in cattle and its association with diarrhea. Out of 100 cattle fecal samples (50 males and 50 females) with different ages were collected from Assiut governorate, Egypt. Microscopically, the positive rate of B. sulcata was 69% (69/100). The cysts were oval or round with a size range of (82.23×78.63 to 53.65×48.62 μm) with a mean of (58.46×54.35 μm). While, its trophozoite appeared oval with characteristic grooves with a size range from (80.9×40.2 to 41.8×30.64 μm) with a mean of (58.78×41.26 μm). Females are slightly higher infected 72% (36/50) than male 66% (33/50). While, the highest positive rate recorded in age less than 1 year 78.6% (22/28), followed by age more than 3 years 68.4% (13/19), then the lowest in age 1-3 years 64.2% (34/53). The positive rate of B. sulcata was 92.2% (47/51) and 44.9% (22/49) of diarrheic and non-diarrheic feces, respectively, with very high significant differences. Diarrhea was established in all fecal samples with more than 1000 cysts per gram of faeces. Three fecal samples were positive for B. sulcata SSrDNA gene specific primer (1047 bp) by PCR. After DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, all nucleotide sequences showed high similarity to B. sulcata. We advised regular examination for B. sulcata in the predominant areas with excessive studies to aid in planning effective control strategies against it.
Clinical Application of Computed Tomography in the Surgical Treatment of Submandibular Sialocele and Sialoliths in Dog
Authors:   Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand, Khunram Suphanat , Kijpraiboon Supapatta ,   Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand, Manee-In Sukanya ,   Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand, Samujit Sasin ,   Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand, Sitthicharoenchai Panchan ,   Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States, Ploypetch Sekkarin ,   Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Published: June 2024

A 10-year-old, 8-kg mixed-breed dog presented with a painless, soft, and tender submandibular swelling. Radiographs revealed an 8x6 cm ventral cervical mass with radiopaque spots. Fine needle aspiration showed high viscosity and yellow-tinged fluid, indicative of an inflammatory sialocele. After drainage, carprofen (4.4 mg/kg) was administered daily for one week, followed by prednisone (0.5 mg/kg) for the second week. However, the mass recurred after one month, necessitating a computed tomography (CT) scan for surgical management. CT imaging demonstrated an encapsulated fluid-attenuating mass in the submandibular region, containing sludges and calcified materials. Surgical excision confirmed a submandibular mucocele with sialoliths. Infrared spectroscopy revealed a high protein concentration in the sialoliths. The CT scan facilitated accurate diagnosis and informed the treatment plan for this canine cervical mass, encompassing submandibular mucocele and sialolithiasis.
The survey on the circulation of Marek’s disease virus in local chickens in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Trang Huynh Ngoc , Phong Nguyen Le Hung ,   Master student, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Chien Nguyen Tran Phuoc ,   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Thu Ho Thi Viet ,   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
Published: June 2024

The study was conducted to determine the circulation of Marek’s disease virus in local chickens in Tra Vinh province. A total of 343 feather follicle samples were collected from 49 unvaccinated chicken flocks for Marek disease in Tra Vinh City, Cang Long, Tra Cu, and Tieu Can districts. The samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction to detect specific meq gene of Marek’s disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1). Information on hygiene and vaccination programs was also collected. The results showed that 45 out of 343 samples were positive for MDV-1, accounting for 13.12%. The prevalent MDV-1 in chickens in Cang Long was 17.85%, followed by Tra Vinh City (15.38%). The same prevalence of MDV-1 (9.52%) was recorded in chickens in the Tieu Can and Tra Cu districts. The differences in the prevalence of MDV-1 in chickens among surveyed sites were not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MDV-1 by chicken breeds. The prevalence of MDV-1 in chickens from 3 to 6 months old was highest at 34.04%, followed by chickens from 1 to less than 3 months old (11.06%) and older 6 months of age (5.71%). The risk of MDV -1 infection in vaccinated chickens against Avian influenza, Newcastle disease and Gumboro disease was lower than that of unvaccinated chickens (OR=0.277, P=0.044). The combination of sanitation and disinfection decreased the risk of MDV-1 infection in chickens (OR=0.502;P=0.031).
Detection of Staphylococci from nasal samples from healthy and sick dogs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, HUTECH University, Binh Thanh district, Ho Chi Minh city 700000, Vietnam, Anh Nguyen Thi Lan ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Loan Nguyen Vu Thuy Hong ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, HUTECH University, Binh Thanh district, Ho Chi Minh city 700000, Vietnam, Thanh Vy Bui Nguyen ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Tran Dao Huyen ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Thuy Y Vi Nguyen ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Quyenv To My ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Nguyen Lam Thanh ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
Published: June 2024

Staphylococci are one of the most commonly found opportunistic bacteria in animals and human. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from healthy and sick dogs visiting veterinary clinics in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam from January 2022 to December 2022. A total of 123 nasal swab samples were collected, including 40 samples from healthy dogs and 83 samples from dogs with respiratory symptoms. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 47.5% of healthy animals and 60.24% of dogs showing respiratory symptoms. The study showed that isolation rates from confined, semi-confined and free-ranging dogs were 75.86%, 54.84% and 40.63%, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence was higher in dogs over one year old compared to younger dogs (64.10% and 42.22%, respectively). Several subspecies of Staphylococci, including S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius and S. epidermidis were identified, in which S. pseudintermedius accounted for the highest proportion (48.28%). The prevalence of S. pseudintermedius also varied across different age groups. Coagulase activity of the isolated Staphylococcus strains was also determined and indicated that coagulase-positive Staphylococci constituted 80.46% of the isolates. This study represents the first report on the prevalence of Staphylococci in dogs in Vietnam and reemphasizes the zoonotic significance of Staphylococcus at the interface between dogs and humans.
Synthesis and performance optimization of CsPbBr3/CdS core/shell lead halide perovskite nanocrystals by an ion exchange method
Authors: Hu Jinxiao , Ning Shuyi , Hao Chaoqi , Ren Zheng , Li Cong , Wang Fenghe , Dong Guoyi , Yue Gang , Guan Li , Li Xu , Liu Zhenyang
Published: June 2024

All-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have excellent optoelectronic properties and promising applications. Improving the stability of inorganic halide NCs and optimizing their photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) has become an urgent task. Constructing core-shell structures is an effective method to improve the environmental stability and PLQY, however, realizing core-shell structured perovskite NCs with good dispersion and multiple perovskites encapsulated within the shell material remains challenging. In this work, CdS shells were grown on the surface of CsPbBr3 NCs by ion-exchange method utilizing perovskite NCs with their ionic properties, and the effectiveness of the surface shell protection is reflected in its enhancement of long-term storage stability, storage stability in water, and thermal stability of NCs. In addition, the PLQY and exciton binding energies of CsPbBr3/CdS NCs are increased. Finally, the NCs were packaged into green emitting LED devices and performed high stability. The results will facilitate the further commercialization of all-inorganic lead halide perovskite materials for optoelectronic devices.
Enhancement and manipulation of nonreciprocity via dissipative coupling
Authors: Dong Ting-Ting , Wang Nan , Su Zhi-Xiang , Yuan Ning , Li Shi-Yan , Yu Lin , Zhu Ai-Dong
Published: June 2024

Classical and quantum nonreciprocity have important applications in information processing due to their special one-way controllability for physical systems. In this paper we investigate the nonreciprocal transmission and quantum correlation by introducing the dissipative coupling into a linear coupling system consisting of two microdisk resonators. Our research results demonstrate that even in the case of a stationary resonator, dissipative coupling can effectively induce nonreciprocity within the system. Moreover, the degree of nonreciprocity increases with the dissipative coupling strength. Importantly, the phase shift between the dissipative coupling and coherent coupling serves as a critical factor for controlling both nonreciprocal transmision and one-way quantum steering. Consequently, the introduction of dissipative coupling not only enhances the nonreciprocal transmission and nonreciprocal quantum correlation but also enables on-demand manipulation of nonreciprocity. This highlights dissipation as an effective means for manipulating classical and quantum nonreciprocity, thus playing a favorable role in chiral quantum networks.
Near-infrared imaging via upconversion in Er3+:CaF2 crystal with dual wavelength excitation
Authors: Akabe Yugo , Shinohara Keito , Cadatal-Raduban Marilou , Yoshikawa Akira , Shimizu Toshihiko , Kato Kosaku , Agulto Verdad C. , Nakajima Makoto , Sarukura Nobuhiko , Damdee Benchaphorn , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Komeda Osamu , Suto Hiroyuki , Yamanoi Kohei
Published: June 2024

We propose a system for imaging 1510 nm near-infrared (NIR) wavelength via upconversion (UC) luminescence in an Er3+-doped CaF2 crystal. Er3+ ions are excited from the ground to the excited state levels by an 800-nm pre-excitation wavelength, followed by the promotion of these ions to a higher energy level by the NIR excitation wavelength. Relaxation of these excited ions gives rise to 540 nm UC luminescence in the visible region, enabling the detection of the 1510 nm NIR wavelength. Using this UC scheme, 1510 nm was successfully imaged. Our system enables imaging of NIR wavelengths using low-cost optics and readily available Si-based detectors that are sensitive only to visible wavelengths, opening new possibilities for detection and imaging of NIR wavelengths.
In-band pumped, Q-switched thulium-doped fiber laser system delivering 140 W and 7 mJ pulse energy
Authors: Lenski Mathias , Heuermann Tobias , Wang Ziyao , Aleshire Christopher , Gaida Christian , Jáuregui César , Limpert Jens
Published: June 2024

We report on a highly efficient, in-band pumped, Q-switched, Tm-doped, rod-type master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system delivering up to 140 W average output power and 7 mJ pulse energy with a slope efficiency of 77% at 20 kHz repetition rate. The amplifier is pumped with Raman-shifted fiber lasers centered at 1692 nm. This in-band pump scheme for Tm-doped fiber lasers can significantly mitigate their quantum defect-related heat load limitations. At the same time, this pump wavelength yields a similar amount of storable and extractable energy to the state-of-the-art pumping at 793 nm. This approach has allowed for the development of highly efficient Tm-doped fiber laser systems combining a high average power and a high output pulse energy.
On-demand orbital angular momentum comb from a digital laser
Authors: Ren Zhi-Cheng , Fan Li , Cheng Zi-Mo , Liu Zhi-Feng , Lou Yan-Chao , Huang Shuang-Yin , Chen Chao , Li Yongnan , Tu Chenghou , Ding Jianping , Wang Xi-Lin , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: June 2024

Photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by phase-structured vortex light is an important and promising resource for the ever-increasing demand towards high-capacity data information due to its intrinsic unlimited dimensionality. Large superpositions of OAM are easy to be produced, but on-demand generation of arbitrary OAM spectra such as an OAM comb similar to a frequency comb is still a challenge; especially, the on-demand OAM comb and arbitrary multi-OAM modes have not yet been realized at the source. Here we report a versatile at-source strategy for developing a flexibly and dynamically switchable on-demand digital OAM comb laser for the first time, to our knowledge, by controlling the phase degree of freedom itself rather than any proxy. For this aim, we present a crucial design idea that a nested ring cavity configuration is composed of a degenerate cavity embedded into a stable ring cavity and a pair of conjugate two-fold symmetric multi-spiral-phase digital holographic mirrors loaded onto reflective phase-only spatial light modulators. In the nested ring cavity, the stable ring cavity and the degenerate cavity meet the requirements of high spatial coherence and supporting any transverse mode, respectively. The paired conjugate holographic mirrors located in mutual object and image planes circumvent the competing issue among different OAM modes and control the number and chirality of modes in OAM combs with ease. Our strategy has also universality as it has the ability of encoding OAM spectra with arbitrary distribution. The realization of a dynamic on-demand multi-OAM-mode laser is an important progress in the infancy of multi-OAM-mode sources. Our idea provides a promising solution for development of emerging high-dimensional technologies; in the future, there will be increasing opportunities in the fundamentals and applications of high-dimensional OAM modes, and beyond. Our strategy not only contributes to the development of new laser technology, but also provides a toolbox for both linear and nonlinear generation of the multiple OAM modes at the source.
Knotted artifacts in predicted 3D RNA structures
Authors: Gren Bartosz A. , Antczak Maciej , Zok Tomasz , Sulkowska Joanna I. , Szachniuk Marta
Published: June 2024

Unlike proteins, RNAs deposited in the Protein Data Bank do not contain topological knots. Recently, admittedly, the first trefoil knot and some lasso-type conformations have been found in experimental RNA structures, but these are still exceptional cases. Meanwhile, algorithms predicting 3D RNA models have happened to form knotted structures not so rarely. Interestingly, machine learning-based predictors seem to be more prone to generate knotted RNA folds than traditional methods. A similar situation is observed for the entanglements of structural elements. In this paper, we analyze all models submitted to the CASP15 competition in the 3D RNA structure prediction category. We show what types of topological knots and structure element entanglements appear in the submitted models and highlight what methods are behind the generation of such conformations. We also study the structural aspect of susceptibility to entanglement. We suggest that predictors take care of an evaluation of RNA models to avoid publishing structures with artifacts, such as unusual entanglements, that result from hallucinations of predictive algorithms.
Ten simple rules for computational biologists collaborating with wet lab researchers
Authors: Robinson Mark D. , Cai Peiying , Emons Martin , Gerber Reto , Germain Pierre-Luc , Gunz Samuel , Luo Siyuan , Moro Giulia , Sonder Emanuel , Sonrel Anthony , Wang Jiayi , Wissel David , Mallona Izaskun
Published: June 2024

Computational biologists are frequently engaged in collaborative data analysis with wet lab researchers. These interdisciplinary projects, as necessary as they are to the scientific endeavor, can be surprisingly challenging due to cultural differences in operations and values. In this Ten Simple Rules guide, we aim to help dry lab researchers identify sources of friction and provide actionable tools to facilitate respectful, open, transparent, and rewarding collaborations.
Image2Flow: A proof-of-concept hybrid image and graph convolutional neural network for rapid patient-specific pulmonary artery segmentation and CFD flow field calculation from 3D cardiac MRI data
Authors: Yao Tina , Pajaziti Endrit , Quail Michael , Schievano Silvia , Steeden Jennifer , Muthurangu Vivek
Published: June 2024

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used for non-invasive evaluation of hemodynamics. However, its routine use is limited by labor-intensive manual segmentation, CFD mesh creation, and time-consuming simulation. This study aims to train a deep learning model to both generate patient-specific volume-meshes of the pulmonary artery from 3D cardiac MRI data and directly estimate CFD flow fields. This proof-of-concept study used 135 3D cardiac MRIs from both a public and private dataset. The pulmonary arteries in the MRIs were manually segmented and converted into volume-meshes. CFD simulations were performed on ground truth meshes and interpolated onto point-point correspondent meshes to create the ground truth dataset. The dataset was split 110/10/15 for training, validation, and testing. Image2Flow, a hybrid image and graph convolutional neural network, was trained to transform a pulmonary artery template to patient-specific anatomy and CFD values, taking a specific inlet velocity as an additional input. Image2Flow was evaluated in terms of segmentation, and the accuracy of predicted CFD was assessed using node-wise comparisons. In addition, the ability of Image2Flow to respond to increasing inlet velocities was also evaluated. Image2Flow achieved excellent segmentation accuracy with a median Dice score of 0.91 (IQR: 0.86–0.92). The median node-wise normalized absolute error for pressure and velocity magnitude was 11.75% (IQR: 9.60–15.30%) and 9.90% (IQR: 8.47–11.90), respectively. Image2Flow also showed an expected response to increased inlet velocities with increasing pressure and velocity values. This proof-of-concept study has shown that it is possible to simultaneously perform patient-specific volume-mesh based segmentation and pressure and flow field estimation using Image2Flow. Image2Flow completes segmentation and CFD in ~330ms, which is ~5000 times faster than manual methods, making it more feasible in a clinical environment.
FABP5-binding lipids regulate autophagy in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Soto-Avellaneda Alejandro , Oxford Alexandra E. , Halla Fabio , Vasquez Peyton , Oe Emily , Pugel Anton D. , Schoenfeld Alyssa M. , Tillman Matthew C. , Cuevas André , Ortlund Eric A. , Morrison Brad E.
Published: June 2024

The motor features of Parkinson’s disease result from loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being closely linked to this disease. While a large body of work focusing on protein effectors of autophagy has been reported, regulation of autophagy by lipids has garnered far less attention. Therefore, we sought to identify endogenous lipid molecules that act as signaling mediators of autophagy in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, a commonly used dopaminergic neuron-like cell model. In order to accomplish this goal, we assessed the role of a fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family member on autophagy due to its function as an intracellular lipid chaperone. We focused specifically upon FABP5 due to its heightened expression in dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra and SH-SY5Y cells. Here, we report that knockdown of FABP5 resulted in suppression of autophagy in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells suggesting the possibility of an autophagic role for an interacting lipid. A lipidomic screen of FABP5-interacting lipids uncovered hits that include 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (5OE) and its precursor metabolite, arachidonic acid (AA). Additionally, other long-chain fatty acids were found to bind FABP5, such as stearic acid (SA), hydroxystearic acid (HSA), and palmitic acid (PA). The addition of 5OE, SA, and HSA but not AA or PA, led to potent inhibition of autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. To identify potential molecular mechanisms for autophagy inhibition by these lipids, RNA-Seq was performed which revealed both shared and divergent signaling pathways between the lipid-treated groups. These findings suggest a role for these lipids in modulating autophagy through diverse signaling pathways and could represent novel therapeutic targets for Parkinson’s disease.
Maternal interoceptive focus is associated with greater reported engagement in mother-infant stroking and rocking
Authors: Donaghy Rosie , Shinskey Jeanne , Tsakiris Manos
Published: June 2024

Parental caregiving during infancy is primarily aimed at the regulation of infants’ physiological and emotional states. Recent models of embodied cognition propose that interoception, i.e., the perception of internal bodily states, may influence the quality and quantity of parent-infant caregiving. Yet, empirical investigations into this relationship remain scarce. Across two online studies of mothers with 6- to 18-month-old infants during Covid-19 lockdowns, we examined whether mothers’ self-reported engagement in stroking and rocking their infant was related to self-reported interoceptive abilities. Additional measures included retrospective accounts of pregnancy and postnatal body satisfaction, and mothers’ reports of their infant’s understanding of vocabulary relating to body parts. In Study 1 (N = 151) and Study 2 (N = 111), mothers reported their engagement in caregiving behaviours and their tendency to focus on and regulate bodily states. In a subsample from Study 2 (N = 49), we also obtained an objective measure of cardiac interoceptive accuracy using an online heartbeat counting task. Across both studies, the tendency to focus on and regulate interoceptive states was associated with greater mother-infant stroking and rocking. Conversely, we found no evidence for a relationship between objective interoceptive accuracy and caregiving. The findings suggest that interoception may play a role in parental engagement in stroking and rocking, however, in-person dyadic studies are warranted to further investigate this relationship.