bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genes involved in angiogenesis and circulatory system development are differentially expressed in porcine epithelial oviductal cells during long-term primary in vitro culture – a transcriptomic study
Authors: Chamier-Gliszczyńska Agata , Brązert Maciej , Sujka-Kordowska Patrycja , Popis Małgorzata , Ożegowska Katarzyna , Stefańska Katarzyna , Kocherova Ievgeniia , Celichowski Piotr , Kulus Magdalena , Bukowska Dorota , Pawelczyk Leszek , Bruska Małgorzata , Antosik Paweł , Nowicki Michał , Kempisty Bartosz
Published: January 2019

An oviduct is an essential organ for gamete transport, oocyte maturation, fertilization, spermatozoon capacitation and early embryo development. The epithelium plays an important role in oviduct functioning. The products of secretory cells provide an optimal environment and influence gamete activities and embryonic development. The oviduct physiology changes during the female cycle, thus, the ratio of the secreted molecules in the oviduct fluid differs between phases. In this study, a differential gene expression in porcine oviduct epithelial cells was examined during the long-term primary in vitro culture. The microarray expression analysis revealed 2552 genes, 1537 of which were upregulated and 995 were downregulated after 7 days of culture, with subsequent changes in expression during 30 day-long culture. The obtained genes were classified into 8 GO BP terms, connected with angiogenesis and circulatory system development, extracted by DAVID software. Among all genes, 10 most up-regulated and 10 most down-regulated genes were selected for further investigation. Interactions between genes were indicated by STRING software and REACTOME FIViz application to the Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Most of the genes belonged to more than one ontology group. Although studied genes are mostly responsible for angiogenesis and circulatory system development, they can also be found to be expressed in processes connected with fertilization and early embryo development. The latter function is focused on more, considering the fact that these genes were expressed in epithelial cells of the fallopian tube which is largely responsible for reproductive processes.
Drosophila melanogaster research: history, breakthrough and perspectives
Authors: Popis Małgorzata , Borowiec Blanka , Jankowski Maurycy
Published: January 2019

The common fruit fly, or Drosophila Melanogaster, has been used as an object of biomedicals studies for over a century. It has been mostly employed in genetic research, as it exhibits several advantages which make its use relatively easy and cheap, with the results widely translatable into further vertebrate studies. This model been the basis of the work of Christiane Nusslein-Volhard, who together with Eric Wieschaus unravelled much of the mystery surrounding early drosophila development in the 1970s-1980s, laying foundations for broader understanding of multicellular organism embryogenesis, which brought them a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1995. The knowledge gained from drosophila studies improves the basic understanding of developmental processes, while the model itself is relatively easy to maintain, analyse and translate the results onto other species. While models such as Zebrafish present better with other vertebrates, drosophila remains a very important element of genetic research, finding even more applications with the development of current science and medicine. Hence, in this short review, the outline of the history, breakthroughs and perspectives of the drosophila research has been presented.
Zagreb Connection Indices of Some Nanostructures
Authors: Manzoor Saba , Fatima Nisar , Bhatti Akhlaq Ahmad , Ali Akbar
Published: January 2019

The first Zagreb index (occurred in an approximate formula of total π-electron energy, communicated in 1972) and the second Zagreb index (appeared in 1975, within the study of molecular branching) are among the most studied topological indices. Recently, three modified versions of the Zagreb indices were proposed independently in [A. Ali, N. Trinajstić, A novel/old modification of the first Zagreb index, arXiv:1705.10430 [math.CO], 2017] and [A. M. Naji, N. D. Soner, I. Gutman, On leap Zagreb indices of graphs, Commun. Comb. Optim., 2017, 2, 99–117], which were named as the Zagreb connection indices and the leap Zagreb indices, respectively. In this paper, we derive formulas for calculating these modified versions of the Zagreb indices of four well known nanostructures.
Comparison Analysis of Cockroft – Latham Criterion Values of Commercial Plasticine and C45 Steel
Authors: Wójcik Łukasz , Pater Zbigniew
Published: January 2019

The paper presents and compares the results of theoretical and experimental research in the field of cracking of model material (commercial plasticine) and C45 steel in hot forming conditions. The aim of the research was to determine the limit values of the Cockroft-Latham integral for both materials. The presented research methodology includes experimental tests (tensile tests) and numerical simulations carried out in the DEFORM-3D program. For laboratory tests, axially symmetric samples made of C45 steel and model material were used. On the basis of the obtained experimental and numerical results, a comparative analysis of both materials was carried out.
Statistical Analysis of Human Heart Rhythm with Increased Informativeness
Authors: Lupenko Serhii , Lutsyk Nadiia , Yasniy Oleh , Sobaszek Łukasz
Published: January 2019

The new methods of statistical analysis of heart rhythm were developed based on its generalized mathematical model in a form of random rhythm function, that allows to increase the informativeness and detailed analysis of heart rhythm in cardiovascular information systems. Three information criteria (BIC, AIC and AICc) were used to determine the cumulative distribution functions that best describe the sample and to assess the unknown parameters of distributions. The usage of the rhythm function to analyse heart rhythm allows to consider much better its time structure that is the basis to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of cardiac rhythm.
Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Parts of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Yunusa Alkasim Kabiru , Dandago Munir Abba , Ibrahim Sa’adatu Mukhtar , Abdullahi Nura , Rilwan Abdulrashid , Barde Aminu
Published: January 2019

The aims of this research were to estimate the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity from different parts of cucumber. The antioxidant activity was investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total flavonoid and phenolic contents were estimated using aluminium chloride and Folin-Ciocalteau reagents assays, respectively. Our finding showed that the ethanolic peel extract contained the highest phenolic (23.08 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (14.02 mg QE/g). Also, ethanolic peel extract demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) higher FRAP value. Pearson correlation revealed that there were positive correlations (p<0.01) between TPC and TFC with FRAP assay. These findings suggest that consumption of cucumber with peel may provide optimum health benefit than its peeled counterpart.
The Efficiency of Nitrogen Compounds Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Suchowska-Kisielewicz Monika , Sieciechowicz Aleksandra , Sadecka Zofia
Published: January 2019

In sewage treatment plants for removing nitrogen compounds are used biological processes of nitrification and denitrification. The parameters determining the efficiency of biological processes of nitrogen removal are organic carbon ratio (BOD5) to total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), temperature and pH. The impact of these parameters on the operation of the sewage treatment plant with an RLM of 45,000 based on operational data from the period 2011-2013 has been assessed. The efficiency of removing nitrogen compounds from sewage in the analysed treatment plant depended on the temperature of sewage and the quotient BOD5/TKN. Even at the optimal ranges of BOD5/TKN ratio temperature at 10°C nitrogen concentration in the treated wastewater was about 3 times higher than the limit value, and the removal efficiency of nitrogen varied between about 30 to 60%.
Mechanisms of Biological Processes in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Myszograj Sylwia
Published: January 2019

The growing demand for solutions of household sewage treatment plants means that many new or improved technological solutions are available on the market. The implementation of these technologies is associated with the need to known the mechanisms of the unitary biological processes occurring when removing organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Determining the optimal conditions for these processes will determine the correct operation of the household sewage treatment plant.
Bending Resistance of Metal-Concrete Composite Beams in a Natural Fire
Authors: Chybiński Marcin , Polus Łukasz
Published: January 2019

In this paper, the bending resistance of three metal-concrete composite beams was compared in real car fires in an open car park. Steel and concrete composite beams are often used for the construction of ceilings in multi-storey car parks. The authors made an attempt to evaluate how the replacement of a non-alloy steel girder with a stainless steel or aluminium alloy girder affects the bending resistance of a composite beam under fire conditions. The analysed beams were not fire-protected. They consisted of a concrete slab and a girder made of: non-alloy (carbon) S235J2 (1.0117) steel, X6CrNiMoTi17- 12-2 (1.4571) stainless steel, and AW-6061 T6 (EN AW-Al Mg1SiCu) aluminium alloy.
Detection of future changes in trends and scaling exponents in extreme short-term rainfall at selected stations in Slovakia
Authors: Kohnová Silvia , Vasilaki Marianna , Hanel Martin , Szolgay Ján , Hlavčová Kamila , Loukas Athanasios , Földes Gabriel
Published: January 2019

This paper analyses projected changes in short-term rainfall events during the warm season (April – October) in an ensemble of 30 regional climate model (RCM) simulations. The analysis of trend changes and changes in scaling exponents was done for the Hurbanovo, Bratislava, Oravská Lesná, and Myjava stations in Slovakia. The characteristics of maximum rainfall events were analysed for two scenario periods, one past and one future (1960–2000 and 2070–2100) and compared to the characteristics of the actual observed events. The main findings from the analysis show that 60-min short-term events for most of the RCM simulations will either increase or remain constant. On the other hand, the depths and intensities of daily events are projected to increase significantly; in some cases they were found to be ten times larger. Trends in future events at the Hurbanovo station were found to be insignificant. In the other stations positive trends in future rainfall events prevail, except for daily rainfall at the Myjava station, which shows a negative trend. Using results from the selected simulations, the scaling exponents estimated are on average lower than the exponents of the data observed. On the other hand, due to the higher daily precipitation amounts in the future seen to all the scenarios, the downscaled values of short-term rainfall at all the stations analysed might be considerably higher in the future horizons, which could subsequently affect future design rainfall values for engineering designs.
Reasons, contents and experiences
Authors: Laurier Daniel
Published: January 2019

I propose what seems a plausible interpretation of the suggestion that the fact that someone has or lacks the capacity to make inferences of certain kinds should be taken as evidence that the contents of the states involved in these inferences are conceptual/nonconceptual. I then argue that there is no obvious way in which this line of thought could be exploited to help draw the line separating conceptual from nonconceptual contents. This will lead me to clarify in what sense perceptual experiences can be taken as providing reasons for beliefs.
Time travel and the open future
Authors: Miller Kristie
Published: January 2019

I argue that the thesis that time travel is logically possible, is inconsistent with the necessary truth of any of the usual ‘open future-objective present’ models of the universe. It has been relatively uncontroversial until recently to hold that presentism is inconsistent with the possibility of time travel. I argue that recent arguments to the contrary do not show that presentism is consistent with time travel. Moreover, the necessary truth of other open future-objective present models which we might, prima facie, have supposed to be more amenable to the possibility of time travel, turn out also to be inconsistent with this possibility.
The irreducibility of consciousness
Authors: Kind Amy
Published: January 2019

In this paper, by analyzing the Chalmers-Searle debate about Chalmers’ zombie thought experiment, I attempt to determine the implications that the irreducibility of consciousness has for the truth of materialism. While Chalmers claims that the irreducibility of consciousness forces us to embrace dualism, Searle claims that it has no deep metaphysical import and, in particular, that it is fully consistent with his materialist theory of mind. I argue that this disagreement hinges on the notion of physical identity in play in the discussion. Clarifying this notion in turn helps to clarify what it means to claim that consciousness is irreducible, and provides insight into the implications that the truth of this claim would have for the dualism-materialism debate. Ultimately, I suggest that the sort of irreducibility that can be motivated by the zombie thought experiment is not sufficient to require the rejection of materialism.
Context-sensitivity and (Indicative) Conditionals
Authors: Santos Pedro
Published: January 2019

Conditionals (in particular indicatives) give rise to stand-offs that have become well known from Gibbard’s initial Sly Pete example. The stand-offs can be seen as evidence for the context-sensitivity of (indicative) conditionals and arguably do not involve disagreement. I claim that the latter feature lends credibility to an indexical treatment of indicatives.
Image-based de re thought
Authors: Han Xiaoqiang
Published: January 2019

In this paper I argue that in addition to the three generally recognized kinds of de re thought, i.e., perception-based, memory-based and communication-based thought, there is a kind of de re thought, which is based on image and cannot be assimilated to any of these recognized kinds of de re thought. I call it simply image-based de re thought. Although image-based thought shares some similarities with the other kinds of de re thought, it should and can be distinguished from each of them. The focus of this paper is on the distinction between image-based thought and perception-based thought, as it is this distinction that is either overlooked or denied by philosophers who have no difficulty seeing the distinct role of images in our thinking about things in the world.
Logical machines: Peirce on psychologism
Authors: Amini Majid
Published: January 2019

This essay discusses Peirce’s appeal to logical machines as an argument against psychologism. It also contends that some of Peirce’s anti-psychologistic remarks on logic contain interesting premonitions arising from his perception of the asymmetry of proof complexity in monadic and relational logical calculi that were only given full formulation and explication in the early twentieth century through Church’s Theorem and Hilbert’s broad-ranging Entscheidungsproblem.
Supervaluationism and Necessarily Borderline Sentences
Authors: Cobreros Pablo
Published: January 2019

The supervaluationist theory of vagueness is committed to a particular notion of logical consequence known as global validity. According to a recent objection, this notion of consequence is more problematic than is usually thought since i) it bears a commitment to some sort of bizarre inferences, ii) this commitment threatens the internal coherence of the theory and iii) we might find counterexamples to classically valid patterns of inference even in the absence of a definitely-operator (or similar device). As a consequence, the supervaluationist theory itself is in trouble. This paper discusses the objection.
Sutrop on literary fiction-making: defending Currie
Authors: Mikkonen Jukka
Published: January 2019

In her study Fiction and Imagination: The Anthropological Function of Literature (2000), Margit Sutrop criticizes Gregory Currie’s theory of fiction-making, as presented in The Nature of Fiction(1990), for using an inappropriate conception of the author’s ‘fictive intention.’ As Sutrop sees it, Currie is mistaken in reducing the author’s fictive intention to that of achieving a certain response in the audience. In this paper, I shall discuss Sutrop’s theory of fiction-making and argue that although her view is insightful in distinguishing the illocutionary effect and the perlocutionary effect in the author’s fictive intention, there are flaws in it. My aim is to show that, first, Sutrop’s critique of Currie’s view is misguided and, second, her own definition of fiction as the author’s expression of her imagination is problematic in not distinguishing literary fiction-making from other discursive functions and in dismissing the literary practice which regulates the production of literary fictions.
Visual Experience and Demonstrative Thought
Authors: Raleigh Thomas
Published: January 2019

I raise a problem for common-factor theories of experience concerning the demonstrative thoughts we form on the basis of experience. Building on an insight of Paul Snowdon 1992, I argue that in order to demonstratively refer to an item via conscious awareness of a distinct intermediary the subject must have some understanding that she is aware of a distinct intermediary. This becomes an issue for common-factor theories insofar as it is also widely agreed that the general, pre-philosophical or ‘naïve’ view of experience does not accept that in normal perceptual cases one is consciously aware of non-environmental (inner, mental) features. I argue then that the standard common-factor view of experience should be committed to attributing quite widespread referential errors or failures amongst the general, non-philosophical populace – which seems an unattractively radical commitment. After clarifying the various assumptions I am making about experience and demonstrative thoughts, I consider a number of possible responses on behalf of the common-factor theorist. I finish by arguing that my argument should apply to any common-factor theory, not just avowedly ‘indirect’ theories.
Self-Evidence and A Priori Moral Knowledge
Authors: Tropman Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

According to rationalists about moral knowledge, some moral truths are knowable a priori. Rationalists often defend their position by claiming that some moral propositions are self-evidently true. Copp 2007 has recently challenged this rationalist strategy. Copp argues that even if some moral propositions are self-evident, this is not enough to secure rationalism about moral knowledge, since it turns out that such self-evident propositions are only knowable a posteriori. This paper considers the merits of Copp’s challenge. After clarifying the rationalists’ appeal to self-evidence, I show why this rationalist strategy survives Copp’s challenges to it.
Figurative Language in Explanation
Authors: Nayding Inga
Published: January 2019

Yablo argued that some metaphors are representationally essential: they enable us to express contents that we would not be able to express without them. He defended a fictionalist view of mathematical language by making the case that it similarly serves as a representational aid. Against this, Colyvan argued that metaphorical/figurative language can never play an essential role in explanation and that mathematical language often does, hence concluding that Yablo’s fictionalism is untenable. I show that Colyvan’s thesis about explanation is highly implausible in the absence of a challenge to Yablo’s position on representationally essential metaphors, which Colyvan does not attempt. I also briefly discuss other attempts to produce a simple knock-out argument against fictionalism and show them wanting.
Modes of Being and Quantification
Authors: van Inwagen Peter
Published: January 2019

If Pegasus existed, he would indeed be in space and time, but only because the word ‘Pegasus’ has spatio-temporal connotations, and not because ‘exists’ has spatio-temporal connotations. If spatio-temporal reference is lacking when we affirm the existence of the cube root of 27, that is simply because a cube root is not a spatio-temporal kind of thing.
Olfactory Objects
Authors: Carvalho Felipe
Published: January 2019

The philosophy of perception has been mostly focused on vision, to the detriment of other modalities like audition or olfaction. In this paper I focus on olfaction and olfactory experience, and raise the following questions: is olfaction a perceptual-representational modality? If so, what does it represent? My goal in the paper is, firstly, to provide an affirmative answer to the first question, and secondly, to argue that olfaction represents odors in the form of olfactory objects, to which olfactory qualities are attributed. In order to do this I develop an empirically adequate notion of olfactory object that is sensitive to the peculiarities of olfaction, and defend it against various objections.
Defending Backwards Causation against the Objection from the Ignorance Condition
Authors: Hasan Abla
Published: January 2019

Since Michel Dummett published “Can an effect precede its cause?” (1954), in which he argued for the logical consistency of backwards causation, the controversial concept has turned to a subject of all kinds of interpretations and misinterpretations. Some like Ben-yami, Peijnenburg and Gorovitz have wrongly ascribed to Dummett the view that the argument for the consistency of believing in backwards causation applies only in cases where the agent doesn’t know about the occurrence of the past effect. In this paper I defend Dummett’s argument by clearing up the confusion caused by ascribing the ignorance condition to Dummett.
James’s Evolutionary Argument
Authors: Robinson William S.
Published: January 2019

This paper is a commentary on Joseph Corabi’s “The Misuse and Failure of the Evolutionary Argument”, this Journal, vol. VI, No. 39; pp. 199-227. It defends William James’s formulation of the evolutionary argument against charges such as mishandling of evidence. Although there are ways of attacking James’s argument, it remains formidable, and Corabi’s suggested revision is not an improvement on James’s statement of it.
Names of Attitudes and Norms for Attitudes
Authors: Nayding Inga
Published: January 2019

Fictionalists claim that instead of believing certain controversial propositions they accept them nonseriously, as useful make-believe. In this way they present themselves as having an austere ontology despite the apparent ontological commitments of their discourse. Some philosophers object that this plays on a distinction without a difference: the fictionalist’s would-be nonserious acceptance is the most we can do for the relevant content acceptance-wise, hence such acceptance is no different from what we ordinarily call ‘belief’ and should be so called. They conclude that it is subject to the norms applicable to paradigmatic empirical beliefs, and hence, pace fictionalists, ontological commitments must be taken seriously. I disentangle three strands in the objector’s thought: the ‘What more can you ask for?’ intuition, a linguistic/conceptual claim, and a claim about norms. I argue that the former two are compatible with ontological deflationism, and therefore do not entail applicability of the norms. Nevertheless, if indeed there is no more robust acceptance with which to contrast the supposed nonserious acceptance, then the fictionalist’s claim to austere ontology must be abandoned. Is there a reason to suppose there is any merit to the distinction-without-a-difference charge? I argue that there is, clarify it, and defend against objections, focusing on Daly 2008.
Counterfactuals as Strict Conditionals
Authors: Iacona Andrea
Published: January 2019

This paper defends the thesis that counterfactuals are strict conditionals. Its purpose is to show that there is a coherent view according to which counterfactuals are strict conditionals whose antecedent is stated elliptically. Section 1 introduces the view. Section 2 outlines a reply to the main argument against the thesis that counterfactuals are strict conditionals. Section 3 compares the view with a proposal due to Åqvist, which may be regarded as its direct predecessor. Section 4 explains how the view differs from contextualist strict conditional accounts of counterfactuals. Finally, section 5 addresses the thorny issue of disjunctive antecedents.
Reflective Knowledge and the Nature of Truth
Authors: Zalabardo José L.
Published: January 2019

I consider the problem of reflective knowledge faced by views that treat sensitivity as a sufficient condition for knowledge, or as a major ingredient of the concept, as in the analysis I advance in Scepticism and Reliable Belief. I present the problem as concerning the correct analysis of SATs — beliefs to the effect that one of my current beliefs is true. I suggest that a plausible analysis of SATs should treat them as neither true nor false when they ascribe truth to a non-existent belief. I argue that the problem is inescapable if we construe SATs as ascribing the property of truth to a belief. Deflationism manages to avoid the problem of reflective knowledge, but it does so by violating alethic priority — the principle that our account of representation must be built on our account of truth. I argue that we can avoid the problem of reflective knowledge while preserving alethic priority with a pragmatist account of truth — according to which truth is explicated in terms of the rules that govern the practice of assessing judgments and related items as true or false.
Anti-Realism
Authors: David Marian
Published: January 2019

According to metaphysical realism, we would have to compare our thought with mind-independent reality, if we want to gain knowledge about the world. Such a comparison is impossible. Yet we can gain knowledge about the world. So metaphysical realism is false. — I take this to be the historically most influential argumentative line opposing metaphysical realism. The paper develops this argument, the Main Anti-Realist Argument, in more detail and offers a brief critical discussion of its crucial assumptions.
On Identity Statements: In Defense of a Sui Generis View
Authors: Haze Tristan
Published: January 2019

This paper is about the meaning and function of identity statements involving proper names. There are two prominent views on this topic, according to which identity statements ascribe a relation: the object-view, on which identity statements ascribe a relation borne by all objects to themselves, and the name-view, on which an identity statement ‘a is b’ says that the names ‘a’ and ‘b’ codesignate. The object- and name-views may seem to exhaust the field. I make a case for treating identity statements as sui generis instead of attempting to explain them by means of the idea that they ascribe a relation. My contention is that once we do this, no analysis is required.
Do Time-Asymmetric Laws call for Time-Asymmetric Spacetime Structure?
Authors: Peterson Daniel
Published: January 2019

Many philosophers of physics take the failure of the laws of physics to be invariant under the time reversal transformation to give us good reason to think that spacetime is temporally anisotropic, yet the details of this inference are rarely made explicit. I discuss two reasonable ways of filling in the details of this inference, the first of which utilizes a symmetry principle proposed by John Earman and the second of which utilizes Harvey Brown’s account of spacetime. I contend that neither of the resulting arguments is sound.
Space Emergence in Contemporary Physics: Why We Do Not Need Fundamentality, Layers of Reality and Emergence
Authors: Le Bihan Baptiste
Published: January 2019

‘Space does not exist fundamentally: it emerges from a more fundamental non-spatial structure.’ This intriguing claim appears in various research programs in contemporary physics. Philosophers of physics tend to believe that this claim entails either that spacetime does not exist, or that it is derivatively real. In this article, I introduce and defend a third metaphysical interpretation of the claim: reductionism about space. I argue that, as a result, there is no need to subscribe to fundamentality, layers of reality and emergence in order to analyse the constitution of space by non-spatial entities. It follows that space constitution, if borne out, does not provide empirical evidence in favour of a stratified, Aristotelian in spirit, metaphysics. The view will be described in relation to two particular research programs in contemporary physics: wave function realism and loop quantum gravity.
The First-Person Plural and Immunity to Error
Authors: Smith Joel
Published: January 2019

I argue for the view that some we-thoughts are immune to error through misidentification (IEM) relative to the first-person plural pronoun. To prepare the ground for this argument I defend an account of the semantics of ‘we’ and note the variety of different uses of that term. I go on to defend the IEM of a certain range of we-thoughts against a number of objections.
Determinants of Financial and Non-Financial Risk Tolerance among Students at Selected South African Universities
Authors: Ramudzuli Pfano Michael , Muzindutsi Paul-Francois
Published: January 2019

To enhance the portfolio allocation process, individuals need to understand their financial ability and psychological willingness to tolerate risks. To do this, their risk tolerance level must be quantified. This study used a survey questionnaire to collect data from 470 students at selected South African universities, and a binary logistic regression to test the effect of demographic factors on financial risk tolerance versus non-financial risk tolerance. Our findings suggest that the level of risk tolerance cannot be generalized across different risk domains. We also found that demographic factors affect the two domains of risk tolerance differently. Specifically, age did not have a significant influence on financial risk tolerance, while it significantly increased non-financial risk tolerance. Similarly, gender did not have any significant influence on non-financial risk tolerance, while it positively affect-ed financial risk tolerance. Furthermore, students in the fields of the humanities, engineering and IT showed a strong appetite for non-financial risks, but students in the commerce faculty preferred financial risks.
The Principle of Characterization as a Systemic Paradigm of Safety: Experiments and Applications
Authors: Krupa Tadeusz
Published: January 2019

This work is devoted to promoting the principle of characterization, treated as a systemic paradigm binding in an integral whole the functional and structural aspects of any organization, under-stood as a deliberate relationship of related resources. The principle of characterization and the specific characterization theories built on its basis belong to the methodology of systemic research. Its essence is the axioms contained in model Ψa of the proper functioning, which are assigned to the relationships contained in model Ψb of the structure of this organization. The functional-structural paradigm considered is characteristic primarily of project activity in which an efficient structural response to a certain problem of the correct (safe) functioning of the organization as a whole or its considered part is sought after.
Obtaining a Generalized Index of Bank Competitiveness Using a Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Malyarets Lyudmyla , Dorokhov Oleksandr , Koybichuk Vitaliya , Dorokhova Liudmyla
Published: January 2019

The article is devoted to developing a definition of the indicator of the bank’s competitiveness which based on the theory of fuzzy sets and neural networks techniques. Uncertainties that have a place when considering and analyzing the components of evaluating the success and effectiveness of the bank have been considered and analyzed. The sequence of construction and structure for generalizing parameter of bank competitiveness are presented and grounded. Stages of obtaining an integrated assessment of bank competitiveness by sequential application of fuzzy logic and neural networks approaches are determined and described. Corresponding fuzzy terms, membership functions and fuzzy inference rules are described. Overall sequence and steps to resolve the problem are processed. The practical implementation of the summary fuzzy inference of the bank’s competitiveness is given. In particular, numerical calculations on the proposed model for Ukrainian commercial bank “Khreshchatyk” was carried out. Comparison of obtained evaluation results for the competitiveness of specified bank with available data and other scientific information sources showed their compliance with factual situation. In this way, the expediency of application fuzzy modeling has been confirmed to determine the generalized indicators of bank competitiveness. Adequacy and accuracy of the proposed model and the results of calculations were proved. The proposed approach is quite general. This or similar model can be successfully used in other tasks of building and generalized evaluation of integrated indicators for the presence of several local, individual parameters for different economic processes and tasks.
The social role of the physician in classical Polish medical sociology. A reconstruction of the views of Magdalena Sokołowska
Authors: Piątkowski Włodzimierz
Published: January 2019

This article is an attempt to reconstruct the views of the creator of the Polish and co-creator of the Western sociology of medicine – Magdalena Sokołowska. The content of these contemplations applies to the social role of the physician. This paper describes the evolution of her ideas, which were inspired by classical Western literature (such as Robert Merton, Howard Becker, Anselm Strauss) and the results of the 1962’s contest for the best industrial physician diary, as well as the opinion polls of that time (CBOS – Centre for Public Opinion Research, 1972) that described the views of Poles on both the professional and moral duties of physicians. Magdalena Sokolowska’s views and opinions were also modified and shaped by her coworkers and mentors: Jan Szczepański, Adam Podgórecki and Adam Sarapata. The creator of the Polish sociology of medicine had also a vision for the prospective research on the physician profession that involved, inter alia, the necessity for increasing behavioral competences, complementing medical knowledge with elements of prevention and health promotion, as well as the need for integrating humanities with biomedicine.
The legal status of physiotherapists’ profession
Authors: Mełgieś Katarzyna
Published: January 2019

Physiotherapy is a discipline of clinical medicine, using its own diagnostic and therapeutic methods, including the treatment of movement and physical stimuli. The new legal regulations resulting from the Act of 25 September 2015 on the Profession of Physiotherapy have granted a special professional status to this group of specialists, what results from the fact that it is recognized as an independent medical profession. It should be noted, however, that the introduced law, although expected for many years, did not stabilize the legal situation of this professional group until the end. There are still doubts of a juridical nature which make it difficult to provide unambiguous answers to the basic questions regarding the legal status of physiotherapists as persons performing an independent medical profession. This publication, referring to the applicable statutory regulations and views presented in the legal doctrine, analyzes the current legal status, indicates the weaknesses of the adopted legislative solutions and avoids the changes.
Pharmaceutical care – a chance or necessity in the context of Polish self-medication
Authors: Majchrowska Anita
Published: January 2019

Introduction. The modern pharmaceutical care is supposed to meet numerous demands resulting from the presence and broad availability of OTC medicines. In this case the pharmacist becomes the primary advisor as for the application of medicines which are not prescribed by a doctor.

Aim. The aim of the study was to recognize the position of pharmacists employed in the pharmacy towards pharmaceutical care, possibilities to conduct it and barriers of its implementation.

Material and method. The researchers conducted a survey with elements of a questionnaire interview. The number of 186 pharmacists who work in pharmacies in the province of Lublin took part in the research.

Results. The surveyed perceive the benefits of performing pharmaceutical care: increased prestige of the profession, greater satisfaction with their job – 44.9% choices for each; increase of the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy (54.6%) and treatment (44.3%). The major barriers to introducing pharmaceutical care include insufficient education of pharmacists (33.7%) and lack of solid co-operation with the doctor (32.6%).

Conclusions. Pharmacists are aware of the importance of pharmaceutical care, although they identify a number of barriers which hinder its effective introduction.
Virada icônica
Authors: Alloa Emmanuel
Published: January 2019

No início dos anos 1990, W.J.T. Mitchell e Gottfried Boehm proclamaram, de forma independente, que as humanidades estavam testemunhando uma "virada pictórica" ou "icônica". Vinte anos depois, podemos nos perguntar se este anúncio estava descrevendo um evento que já havia ocorrido ou se era um chamado para que isso acontecesse. O mundo contemporâneo é, mais do que nunca, determinado por artefatos visuais. Ainda assim, nosso arsenal conceitual, forjado durante séculos de logocentrismo, ainda está aquém da complexidade do significado pictórico. Este ensaio tem duas partes. Na primeira, tenta avaliar o significado exato da "virada pictórica"/"icônica" e o (re)coloca no contexto dos estudos visuais anglo-americanos e da Bildwissenschaften alemã. Na segunda aborda a famosa afirmação do filólogo Ernst Robert Curtius de que "as ciências da imagem são fáceis" ao defender três "voltas no parafuso" para tornar os estudos visuais algo mais difícil: uma mudança da iconologia para a sintomatologia, uma mudança do extensivo para intensivo e uma mudança do indicativo para o subjuntivo.
ANALISIS KEADILAN MODEL PENJADWALAN YANG DIINTEGRASIKAN DENGAN HARQ PADA SISTEM LTE
Authors: Sanjoyo Danu Dwi , Munadi Rendy , Wahidah Ida
Published: January 2019

Penjadwalan pada Long Term Evolution (LTE) memiliki peran dalam melayani kebutuhan bandwidth yang besar. Oleh karena itu, jaringan seluler LTE membutuhkan algoritma penjadwalan yang mampu mengakomodasi informasi keluaran dari proses HARQ untuk meningkatkan fairness. Algoritma penjadwalan dikombinasikan dengan proses HARQ untuk meningkatkan keadilan throughput yang diterima oleh pengguna. Redundancy Version (RV) yang diperoleh dari proses HARQ dikombinasikan dengan nilai prioritas layanan dan Channel Quality Information (CQI) menjadi suatu nilai metrik yang digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas paket pada proses penjadwalan. Algoritma penjadwalan diujikan pada makalah ini adalah Round Robin (RR), Maximum C/I (CI), dan Proportional Fairness (PF). Proses HARQ di penerima melakukan Error Detection (ED) dan Forward Error Correction (FEC) pada paket yang diterima. User Equipment (UE) akan mengirimkan feedback ke eNode-B yang berisi informasi apakah paket berhasil diterima dengan benar atau tidak. Integrasi masing-masing algoritma penjadwalan (RR, CI, dan PF) dengan nilai CQI, rangking paket data, dan RV dapat meningkatkan nilai fairness antarpengguna. Jain�s Fairnees Index, sebagai parameter keadilan, menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keadilan throughput.Kata kunci: LTE, penjadwalan, HARQ, Jain�s Fairness Index
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM FALL DETECTION UNTUK ORANG LANJUT USIA BERBASIS INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT
Authors: Firmansyah Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Ketika manusia memasuki usia senja, maka kemampuan fisik dan daya konsentrasinya juga menurun. Dari hal itu, tentunya ada hal yang dikhawatirkan, yaitu hilangnya keseimbangan yang menyebabkan terjatuh. Apabila jatuh dalam dalam kondisi ramai hal ini tidak menjadi masalah yang besar, namun hal yang paling dikhawatirkan apabila jatuh dalam kondisi sepi. Tentunya akan menimbulkan dampak yang serius bagi orang lanjut usia tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, dibuat sebuah alat pendeteksi jatuh untuk orang lanjut usia menggunakan microcontroller dan sensor inertial measurement unit (IMU). Microcontroller akan dihubungkan dengan sensor IMU dan modul GSM/GPS/GPRS dan dicatu menggunakan power bank sehingga dayanya dapat diisi ulang. GPS berfungsi untuk menentukan lokasi jauh sementara itu modul GSM berfungsi untuk mengirim data. Untuk mengklasifikasi jatuh, digunakan sebuah algoritma yang dibuat berdasar pada data percobaan. Informasi- informasi yang didapat dari sistem kemudian akan dikirim melalui pesan singkat yang akan terima oleh smartphone yang telah ditentukan, yang mencakup informasi indikasi jatuh dan koordinat lokasi jatuh. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan akursi mencapai 82% dari keseluruhan percobaan.
BAND PASS FILTER DENGAN METODE HAIRPIN RESONATOR PADA FREKUENSI X-BAND
Authors: Hartawan Arfan Ridwan , Yunita Trasma , Nur Levy Olivia
Published: January 2019

Filter adalah suatu perangkat dalam susunan elektronika telekomunikasi yang berfungsi untuk menyeleksi sinyal tertentu. Hairpin filter adalah salah satu jenis filter yang sering digunakan pada frekuensi microwave. Filter ini dibentuk dari resonator filter edge-couple dengan membalik ujung resonator ke bentuk �U�, ini tentunya akan mengurangi panjang dan meningkatkan aspek rasio secara berarti dalam susunan mikrostipnya. Dalam metode hairpin terdapat saluran terkopel dan saluran tidak terkopel. Perancangan filter BPF dengan metode hairpin ini bekerja pada frekuensi X-Band (9770 MHz) berbasis mikrostrip untuk radar cuaca. Pada realisasi filter ini mempunyai nilai bandwidth 230 MHz dengan insertion loss dibawah -3 dB, return loss -13 dB, dan VSWR = 1,56.
DATA MINING DENGAN ALGORITMA APRIORI PADA RDBMS ORACLE
Authors: Kusumo Dana Sulistiyo , Bijaksana Moch. Arief , Darmantoro Dhinta
Published: January 2019

Data mining merupakan proses analisis data menggunakan perangkat lunak untuk menemukan pola dan aturan (rules) dalam himpunan data. Data mining dapat menganalisis data yang besar untuk menemukan pengetahuan guna mendukung pengambilan keputusan. Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas Association Rule sebagai salah satu fungsi data mining yang diimplementasikan menggunakan Algoritma Apriori. Akan dianalisis pula dua teknik penghitungan support di candidate generation pada Algoritma Apriori, yakni : K-way dan 2 Group-By pada tiga sampel dataset dengan atribut transaksi id dan item. Pada penelitian ini terlihat bahwa permasalahan penghitungan support di candidate generation merupakan bottleneck dari Algoritma Apriori dimana perbaikan Algoritma Apriori ditekankan pada candidate generation dan efektivitas dari Algoritma Apriori. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada RDBMS Oracle dengan memanfaatkan tools TKPROF untuk mengukur performansi query berdasarkan operasi I/O pada penghitungan support di candidate generation. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa metode support counting K-way lebih baik daripada Two Group-by.Kata Kunci : Data Mining, Association Rule, Algoritma Apriori, candidate generation, K-way, 2 Group-By
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PERFORMANSI SISTEM RADIO OVER FIBER ANTARA MENGGUNAKAN RADIO TO OPTIC DIRECT CONVERSION DAN IM/DD
Authors: Setiawan Helmi , Sugesti Erna Sri , Suwandi Suwandi
Published: January 2019

Jurnal ini mengevaluasi sistem radio over fiber (ROF) menggunakan radio-to-optic direct conversion (ROC) bertingkat, baik ROC/heterodyne detection (HD) maupun ROC/ self heterodyne detection (SHD). Sistem ROF menggunakan intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) bertingkat berdasarkan parameter carrier to noise ratio (CNR). Optimalisasi nilai optical modulation index (OMI) yang dilakukan pada sistem ROF menggunakan ROC bertingkat, karena performansi CNR dari sistem dengan OMI yang identik kurang baik. Dengan menggunakan metoda optimalisasi OMI, CNR sistem ROC/HD dan ROC/SHD lebih besar 18 dB dan 15 dB dari sistem IM/DD untuk bandwidth sinyal RF sebesar 150 MHz dan jumlah Radio Base Station (RBS) yang terkoneksi (N) = 20. Sedangkan untuk bandwidth sebesar 50 MHz dan N = 20, CNR sistem ROC/HD dan ROC/SHD lebih besar 20 dB dan 17 dB.Kata kunci: radio over fiber, radio-to-optic direct conversion, heterodyne detection, self heterodyne detection
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM SIARAN FM STEREO PLUS DATA-TEXT SCA (SUBSIDIARY COMMUNICATION AUTHORIZATION)
Authors: Novantara Suryo , Wijanto Heroe , Rahmat Basuki
Published: January 2019

Dengan ditertibkannya frekuensi siaran FM (Frequency Modulation) dalam spasi kanal 200 kHz, maka suatu sinyal siaran FM stereo yang hanya memerlukan lebar-pita frekuensi 112 kHz (2 ? 56 kHz multipleks pita-dasar FM stereo termodulasi secara narrow band FM) akan memberikan ruang spektral sisa selebar sekitar 94 kHz pada setiap spasi kanal. Penyisipan informasi lain pada ruang sisa spasi kanal tersebut biasa disebut SCA (Subsidiary Communication Authorization), yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan alokasi spektral FM. Penelitian ini mengusulkan penyisipan informasi berupa sinyal Data Text digital termodulasi FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) sebagai fasilitas siaran tambahan. Informasi Data-Text diperoleh dari deretan kode biner serial berkecepatan 1200 bps yang dibangkitkan dari port RS-232 komputer. Sinyal FSK Data-Text tersebut dimodulasikan ke subcarrier 67 KHz untuk selanjutnya digabungkan dengan sinyalsinyal multipleks audio stereo. Seluruh sinyal komposit dipancarkan dalam modulasi narrow-band FM dengan frekuensi carrier sesuai alokasi siaran FM 88 � 108 MHz. Sinyal tambahan ini perlu dijaga agar tidak terjadi tumpang-tindih spektral dengan sinyal matriks audio stereo melalui BPF (Band Pass Filter) pada frekuensi tengah 67 kHz dan bandwith 13,4 kHz. Untuk proses demodulasi sinyal FSK-Data-Text SCA dapat digunakan rangkaian PLL (Phase-Locked Loop). Untuk tampilan Data-Text digunakan LCD.Kata kunci : SCA, multipleks audio stereo, FSK-Data-Text, narrow band FM, LCD
KINERJA ALGORITMA BRANCH PREDICTION DALAM MENGATASI CONTROL HAZARD PADA PIPELINE PROSESOR DLX
Authors: Abdurohman Maman
Published: January 2019

Penerapan teknik pipeline pada prosesor DLX dapat meningkatkan kinerja/kecepatan prosesor tersebut. Pada implementasinya, teknik pipeline tidak dapat diterapkan secara penuh karena timbulnya hambatan yang disebut dengan risiko pipeline (pipeline hazards) yang terdiri dari: data hazard, structural hazarddan control hazard. Dengan terjadinya hazard, maka kinerja yang dicapai oleh pipeline sulit untuk mencapai kondisi ideal, karena prosesor harus melakukan pipeline stall, yaitu satu atau beberapa tahap pipeline harus dihentikan. Kendala yang terdapat pada risiko kendali (control hazard) adalah kesulitan untuk menentukan kontrol berikutnya pada saat terjadi pencabangan. Hal ini berkenaan dengan pengubahan nilai PC untuk menunjukkan instruksi berikutnya yang akan dieksekusi. Dengan adanya control hazard, maka ada satu tahap atau lebih yang dihentikan. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, salah satu algoritma yang sering digunakan adalah algoritma untuk memprediksi terjadinya pencabangan yang disebut dengan branch prediction algorithm (algoritma prediksi pencabangan). Algoritma ini merupakan salah satu usaha untuk memprediksi terjadinya pencabangan pada instruksi pencabangan. Tulisan ini merupakan analisis yang mengevaluasi penerapan branch prediction algorithm untuk mengatasi control hazard yang terjadi pada pipeline prosesor dlx. Pengujian dilakukan pada beberapa aplikasi dengan mengujinya pada dlxsim. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa algoritma ini cukup efektif untuk mengatasi control hazard akibat instruksi pencabangan pada beberapa aplikasi.