bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mechanical properties of grouts substituting the natural coarse aggregate for ceramic civil construction waste
Authors: Ehrenbring Hinoel Zamis , Ott Maira Janaina , Cadore Bianca Carlin , Santo Diego Logue do Espirito , Tutikian Bernardo Fonseca
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT The lack of control regarding waste generation is a problem still faced by the construction industry, whereas its inputs could be used in the production of new cementitious composites, maintaining the quality, performance and sustainability of structures. This study developed grouts through the substitution of natural aggregate for residues of crushed ceramic bricks, evaluating its fresh state and mechanical properties. The samples displayed loss of workability and initial slump in fresh state, besides loss of compressive strength, elastic modulus, total water absorption and capillary water absorption in hardened state. In addition, composites with grog presented less consistency in fresh state when compared to the reference sample. The differences were even greater over time. As for the hardened state, the compressive strength of the samples was similaramong them at both ages, and all results remained above 14 MPa at 28 days, as required by ASTM C476, hence being characterized as structural grouts for masonry. For the elastic modulus test, the results were higher for samples with lower amounts of waste due to less internal voids and higher volume of natural aggregates. The substitution of natural aggregate for civil construction waste (CCW) in the mixtures increased void ratio and water absorption, while causing the lowest specific gravities of the research. Overall, the sample that presented the most satisfactory values was CCW 25%, showing that it is possible to obtain benefits from waste produced in factories and buildings, even for higher replacement levels, occasionally
Desempenho termo acústico de sistemas construtivos: estudo de ferramentas aplicáveis a verificação da conformidade de habitação multifamiliar segundo requisitos da NBR 15.575/2013
Authors: Carneiro Paula Capanema Silva , Oliveira Raquel Diniz
Published: April 2020

RESUMO A NBR 15575/2013 estabelece parâmetros para avaliação do desempenho das habitações brasileiras. Contudo, a definição prévia dos sistemas construtivos dotados do desempenho térmico e acústico exigido tem se mostrado uma escolha insegura por parte dos projetistas. Este trabalho objetivou analisar as soluções construtivas empregadas em habitação de interesse social, localizada em Contagem - MG, visando ao atendimento do desempenho térmico e acústico mínimos, estabelecidos pela NBR 15575/2013. O sistema previamente especificado foi alvenaria estrutural de bloco cerâmico para vedação vertical bem como laje de concreto e telha cerâmica, para o fechamento horizontal. A avaliação do desempenho térmico baseou-se no método simplificado previsto na NBR 15.575/2013, ao passo que, para análise do desempenho acústico, foram aplicados o método de cálculo indicado na norma, bem como, simulação computacional por meio do software Projetus para verificação e comparação dos resultados em face as exigências normativas. O resultado do método simplificado evidenciou necessidade de aumento da capacidade térmica da vedação vertical. Quanto ao desempenho acústico, se fez necessário aumentar o índice de redução sonora (Rw) da parede de geminação entre a salas de habitações distintas. Logo, propôs-se a inclusão de 2,5cm de reboco entre a alvenaria e o revestimento de gesso corrido em ambas as faces do sistema fato que possibilitou o atendimento do desempenho termo acústico mínimo. Diferenças ínfimas puderam ser notadas entre os valores obtidos pelo método de cálculo (Rw) e simulação (DnT,w e D2m,nT,w), para a análise do isolamento sonoro. A adoção do Projetus se mostrou relevante para estudos preliminares. Como conclusão, o tratamento acústico e térmico na fase de projeto se mostrou indispensável uma vez que os sistemas testados no presente trabalho demandaram ajustes para adequação aos limites normativos. Desta forma, a análise prévia permite definir soluções construtivas aplicáveis, evitando grandes intervenções de adequação na obra e/ou edificação construída.
Efeito do teor de água e tamanho de partícula na decomposição térmica de pastas de cimento moídas
Authors: Menezes Raquel Maria Rocha Oliveira , Costa Leonardo Martins , Tavares Ludmila Rodrigues Costa , Bezerra Augusto Cesar da Silva , Aguilar Maria Teresa Paulino
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Um método alternativo para produção de concretos ecoeficientes seria a substituição parcial de cimento Portland por resíduos de pastas e argamassas submetidas a um tratamento termomecânico. Neste contexto, este estudo avalia a influência da relação água/cimento (a/c) e do tamanho médio das partículas na decomposição térmica do cimento hidratado. Pastas de cimento com três relações a/c (0,40, 0,50 e 0,60) e curadas por 28 dias foram moídas para obtenção de granulometrias com tamanho médio de 0,60 mm e 0,15 mm. A decomposição térmica das pastas foi analisada por termogravimetria (TGA), difração de raios X (DRX) e espectroscopia no infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). A análise de TGA indica que o teor de água quimicamente combinada é favorecido pelo aumento da relação a/c entre 0,40 e 0,50, mas é constante para a/c de 0,50 e 0,60. A redução do tamanho médio quase não interfere nas curvas de TGA. De acordo com as análises por DRX e TGA, a maior parte dos hidratos se decompõe até 500-550°C, enquanto que silicatos de cálcio e aluminatos de cálcio similares às fases anidras do cimento Portland foram detectados na pasta aquecida a 750°C. Assim, temperaturas mais altas seriam necessárias para a completa recuperação do cimento anidro em pastas hidratadas.
Soil characterization for adobe mixtures containing Portland cement as stabilizer
Authors: Santos Lucas Miranda Araújo , Silva Neto José Anselmo da , Azerêdo Aline Figueirêdo Nóbrega de
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT One of the most economical ways to build with soil is to use adobe technique. There are several types of soils and most of them are not suitable for using to construct buildings. Physical and chemical characteristics of the soils will influence on its performance to use for buildings. This work aims to characterize physically, chemically and mineralogically two soil samples and study the dosage of mixtures for adobe using Portland cement as stabilizer. It was studied three different Portland cement content (6%, 9% and 12%) in the soil. The results showed that compressive strength of up to 5 MPa at 28 days for both type of soils studied with 12% of Portland cement. In addition, a comparison between two methods used for the particle size analysis of the soils. It was observed that the results differed in each method analysis. Overall this work has shown that to use these soils for adobe bricks, 9% of Portland cement is enough to reach the minimum compressive strength required by standard. Furthermore, this research brings results about the determination of the clay content of the soil, indicating that the traditional method to determine the size distribution curve by sieving and sedimentation may not be the most suitable to check this clay content.
Influência do choque térmico por resfriamento brusco do concreto após exposição a elevadas temperaturas em simulação de incêndio
Authors: Coelho Adenilson Roberto , Campos Geórgia Cristina Roveda , Santos Carine Cardoso dos , Pereira Helena Ravache Samy , Furlaneto Tássia
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Em situações de diferença abrupta de temperatura, como os incêndios, as estruturas devem suportar ao choque térmico. Portanto, esse artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento do concreto submetido às elevadas temperaturas e o posterior resfriamento brusco. Para isso analisou-se este efeito nas resistências características com fck de 25, 35 e 40MPa. As análises observaram as perdas de resistência, coloração e presença de fissuras nos concretos. Para isso, os corpos de prova foram submetidos às temperaturas de 300, 600, 900 e 1200ºC durante 90 minutos e depois resfriados. As resistências características de compressão dos corpos de prova foram comparadas ao concreto de referência e aos dados da bibliografia, obtendo-se a perda de resistência dos concretos resfriados bruscamente. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os concretos com fck de 35 e 40MPa apresentam maior perda de resistência quando comparados ao concreto com fck de 25MPa. Entretanto, nas temperaturas de 900 e 1200ºC, o percentual de perda é igual ao concreto com fck de 25MPa. Isso remete ao fato, de que quanto mais resistente for o concreto, e submetido à variação de temperatura, maior será a perda percentual e a incidência do surgimento de fissuras quando aquecido e resfriado.
Avaliação da aplicação de cinzas pesadas de termelétrica em blocos intertravados de concreto para pavimentos
Authors: Silva Webert Brasil Cirilo da , Barroso Suelly Helena de Araújo , Cabral Antônio Eduardo Bezerra
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Tendo em vista a grande geração de cinzas pesadas advindas de uma usina termoelétrica, decidiu-se verificar a incorporação das mesmas no concreto usado em blocos intertravados para pavimentação. Depois da coleta de os materiais convencionais (cimento e agregados naturais) e alternativos (cinzas pesadas), foram realizados ensaios ambientais (extrato lixiviado e solubilizado) nas cinzas e ensaios de caracterização física (análise granulométrica, densidade real, limites de liquidez e de plasticidade e umidade higroscópica) em todos os agregados. Por meio de estabilizações granulométricas, foram originados dois traços alternativos com cinzas e um de referência com agregados convencionais. Em todos os concretos, foi determinado, no estado fresco, o abatimento do tronco de cone e, no estado endurecido, foram realizados ensaios de resistência à compressão e de absorção de água. Moldaram-se ainda pavers tipo I (formato retangular) com dimensões de 10 cm ÷ 20 cm ÷ 6 cm (largura ÷ comprimento ÷ espessura), os quais foram ensaiados, quanto à resistência à compressão. Também se procedeu ao dimensionamento, através de métodos empíricos, de um pavimento intertravado idealizado com as misturas investigadas. Pode-se constatar que, no ensaio de absorção de água, os três traços estudados apresentaram resultados médios abaixo do valor máximo de 6%, o que está de acordo com as normativas. Com relação ao ensaio de resistência à compressão, os resultados são inferiores ao mínimo de 35 MPa, porém é possível destinar os pavers a áreas de menor solicitação de tráfego, como ciclovias. Conclui-se que os resultados obtidos, a partir do programa experimental, demonstram que o emprego das cinzas pesadas em pavimentos intertravados de concreto apresenta potencial a ser explorado para fins de comercialização.
Influência da resistência à compressão na molhabilidade superficial de concretos
Authors: Cappelari Emili , Giordani Caroline , Dapper Silvia Trein Heimfarth , Masuero Angela Borges
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Superfícies de concreto constituem um dos substratos nos quais o revestimento de argamassa, amplamente utilizado nas edificações, pode ser aplicado. Frequentemente, por incompatibilidade entre os substratos e a argamassa, a durabilidade do sistema de revestimento pode ser comprometida, podendo ocorrer manifestações patológicas como descolamentos e desplacamentos. Para se alcançar uma melhor adesão e aderência das argamassas de revestimento, o ideal é que se obtenha um substrato com superfície hidrofílica, resultando em uma interface com maior área de contato entre as camadas. Dentro deste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a molhabilidade de superfícies de concreto com diferentes resistências à compressão, de forma a inferir o desempenho do ponto de vista da aderência de uma camada de revestimento de argamassa sobre estes substratos. Para isso, foram dosados cinco concretos com relações água/aglomerante variando de 0,16 à 0,57. A caracterização do concreto quanto à resistência à compressão foi realizada de acordo com a ABNT NBR 5739:2007, e a absorção de água por capilaridade conforme a ABNT NBR 9779:2012. O molhamento superficial dos concretos foi avaliado através de um equipamento de captura do perfil de gota séssil. Verificou-se que a resistência à compressão do concreto possui uma influência na molhabilidade de sua superfície. Concretos com maiores resistência à compressão possuem, além de uma menor absorção, como esperado, uma menor molhabilidade. A aplicação da argamassa sobre um substrato de concreto com maior resistência à compressão e baixa porosidade capilar pode resultar em uma menor absorção da pasta da argamassa pelos poros do substrato e uma menor extensão de contato, dificultando o desenvolvimento do intertravamento mecânico e a aderência entre os materiais.
Uso do lodo de esgoto na produção de agregados leves: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Souza Maelson Mendonça de , Anjos Marcos Alyssandro Soares dos , Araújo André Luis Calado , Soares Amanda Virgínia de Oliveira , Souza Pedro Canísio Azevedo de
Published: April 2020

RESUMO O lodo de esgoto é o principal subproduto proveniente do tratamento de efluentes residuais. Sua produção é crescente em todo o mundo. Paralelamente, órgãos ambientais vêm restringindo vários métodos de deposição deste resíduo, exigindo cada vez mais a criação de práticas sustentáveis. Nesse contexto, a construção civil destaca-se como um parceiro em potencial. Diversos estudos empregaram o lodo de esgoto no desenvolvimento de novos materiais de construção, dentre os quais destaca-se o agregado leve (LWA). Assim, este estudo avaliou, a partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, o potencial de aplicação do lodo de esgoto no processo de fabricação de agregados leves. Dados importantes como: composição química; densidade; granulometria; resistência mecânica; absorção; temperatura de sinterização; aplicação em concretos e lixiviação, foram analisados e comparados as diretrizes internacionais e/ou a agregados comerciais. Os resultados são encorajadores, pois em todos os quesitos avaliados os agregados produzidos com lodo de esgoto atenderam aos padrões internacionais e/ou apresentaram resultados semelhantes aos de agregados comerciais. Demonstrou-se, portanto, que o lodo de esgoto possui viabilidade técnica para fabricação de LWA’s, confirmando a potencialidade da gestão sustentável deste resíduo.
Spotted fever group rickettsial infection in dogs and their ticks from domestic–wildlife interface areas in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Campos Sabrina Destri Emmerick , Cunha Nathalie Costa da , Machado Camila de Souza Cerqueira , Nadal Niara Vanat , Seabra Junior Eloy Silva , Telleria Erich Loza , Cordeiro Matheus Dias , Toma Helena Keiko , Almosny Nádia Regina Pereira
Published: April 2020

Abstract Rickettsia rickettsii is the causative agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), for which humans and dogs are both susceptible. Dogs are sentinels in serological surveys, however, canine disease is rarely reported. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate natural infection by spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia spp. in dogs and ticks collected from domiciles close to forest fragments, featuring domestic–wildlife interface areas. Samples from 115 dogs and 135 ixodids were assessed by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the gltA gene for Rickettsia spp. and the ompA gene for the SFG rickettsial species. One dog (0.87%; 1/115) was positive for R. rickettsii. This dog presented nonspecific laboratory and clinical abnormalities (thrombocytopenia, hyperproteinemia, lymph node enlargement, emaciation, anorexia, and lethargy). Rickettsia parkeri was identified in 2.96% (4/135) of the ticks (Amblyomma sculptum, A. aureolatum, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus). This study confirmed the presence of SFG bacteria in non-endemic and preserved locations, where domestic and wild populations interact. We reinforce the fact that the dog is susceptible to natural R. rickettsii infection. Although this is a rare finding, preventive measures should be taken against BSF in the studied areas. Finally, R. parkeri infection is possibly being demonstrated in A. sculptum for the first time.
A non-linear interface model for monotonic shear coupling in granular soil–structure interaction problems
Authors: Saberi Miad , Annan Charles-Darwin , Konrad Jean-Marie
Published: April 2020

The accurate prediction of the behaviour of soil–structure interfaces that accounts for shear coupling is of concern in the design and analysis of soil–structure interaction problems. In this study, an interface constitutive model capable of simulating the non-linear behaviour of granular soil–structure interface systems under three-dimensional loading conditions is proposed. The proposed constitutive model is a state-dependent elasto-plastic model, and it is formulated in the framework of two-surface plasticity and critical state soil mechanics. The interface model considers the effect of shear coupling and is capable of predicting the monotonic behaviour of soil–structure interfaces over a wide range of normal and shear stresses, and under different stress paths using a single set of model parameters. It also captures other complex behaviour characteristics such as strain hardening and softening, volumetric compaction and dilation, and phase transformation responses of granular soil–structure interfaces under orthogonal shear application. The performance of the proposed constitutive model is evaluated by comparing its predictions for both gravelly and sandy soil–structure interfaces with available experimental results.
Preparation of high-performance α-Bi2O3 photocatalysts and their photocatalytic activity
Authors: Dong Yonghao , Ma Aiqiong , Zhang Dian , Gao Yunqin , Li Hongfei
Published: April 2020

In the present work, α-bismuth (III) oxide (α-Bi2O3) photocatalysts with a porous and nanosheet structure were prepared by using the biomimetic-synthesis-assisted hydrothermal method. l-Arginine (C6H14N4O2) was used as the biomimetic template, and the pH value range of the precursor solution was 3–12. The as-obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts was evaluated by using rhodamine B (RhB; C28H31ClN2O3), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl; C22H24N2O8·HCl) and methyl orange (MO) as the targeted degradants under visible light irradiation. The results show that α-bismuth (III) oxide exhibits a high photocatalytic activity when the pH value of the precursor is 3 and the l-arginine content is 0.03 mol/l. Under the co-catalysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the degradation efficiencies of RhB, TC-HCl and MO are 75.3, 68.1 and 63.8%, respectively. The degradation rate of α-bismuth (III) oxide as prepared by using l-arginine for RhB degradation is about 2·09 times faster than that of template-free α-bismuth (III) oxide. The high photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the porous structure and high visible light response range of the α-bismuth (III) oxide photocatalyst.
Classifying construction and demolition waste by combining spatial and spectral features
Authors: Xiao Wen , Yang Jianhong , Fang Huaiying , Zhuang Jiangteng , Ku Yuedong
Published: April 2020

The generation of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) has increased on a yearly basis, and the damage caused to the environment is significant. To save resources, C&DW needs to be managed and recycled. Currently, waste-classification methods are mainly based on wind selection, water selection, screening and manual sorting. These methods are inefficient and the classification results are not clean. To achieve efficient and intelligent recycling of C&DW, it is essential to classify the wastes effectively. In this paper, four methods are reported: characteristic reflectivity and extreme learning machine (ELM); first-order derivative of characteristic reflectivity and ELM; grey level co-occurrence matrix and ELM and convolutional neural network. These methods were used to classify typical types of hard-to-distinguish waste: wood, rubber, brick and concrete. It was found that each method had inadequacies, and the correct rate was between 82·22 and 89·33%. Therefore, a weighted fusion of membership matrix, which combine all four methods, was proposed. As a result, the correct rate in repeated experiments significantly improved to 95%. The classification results can be used in further study about automatic sorting of C&DW using robotics instead of people.
El rol de la autoridad ambiental en las actuaciones urbanísticas del distrito de Barranquilla
Authors: Goenaga Escobar Adolfo Mario
Published: April 2020

Este artículo de refl exión tiene como pretensión analizar las implicaciones que tienen las actuaciones urbanísticas respecto del manejo del medioambiente en el distrito de Barranquilla, puesto que el creciente fenómeno de urbanización ha traído consigo prácticas y usos inadecuados del espacio común en la ciudad. Por este motivo, se identifi carán en este trabajo los elementos que intervienen en el uso inadecuado de las normas que regulan el control ambiental de las actuaciones urbanísticas en el distrito de Barranquilla y cómo estas se avalan y ejecutan a través de licencias expedidas por las Curadurías Urbanas del Distrito, convirtiéndose en la mayoría de los casos en un formalismo que no se extiende hasta la protección del derecho de tener un espacio público apropiado. En este sentido, esta investigación garantizará mantener la confi anza entre las políticas de la Administración local y los ciudadanos.
La doctrina de Dios en Lutero, Calvino y Arminio – Parte II: Metodología y presuposiciones
Authors: Blanco Marcos
Published: April 2020

La ruptura de Lutero, Calvino y Arminio con doctrinas de la teología clásica, tales como la justificación por las obras y una eclesiología clerical, es innegable. Sin embargo, es importante preguntarse si esta reforma incluyó la doctrina de Dios, dada su centralidad para todo el sistema teológico. Este artículo es el segundo de una serie de tres artículos cuyo objetivo es comparar la metodología y las presuposiciones hermenéuticas de Lutero, Calvino y Arminio con las del teísmo clásico (teología católico escolástica) para determinar si ellos se apartaron de la metodología de la sola Scriptura para elaborar la doctrina de Dios, siguiendo la metodología de múltiples fuentes de la teología clásica.
Hacia una interpretación de los 1260 días de Apocalipsis
Authors: Paulien Jon
Published: April 2020

Este estudio discute los desafíos exegéticos que enfrenta la interpretación historicista del período de los 1260 días (Ap 11:3 y 12:6), 42 meses (Ap 11:2 y 13:5) o “tiempo, tiempos y medio tiempo” (Ap 12:14). El autor efectúa una exégesis de los textos que mencionan el período y esboza su teología. Esto le permite concluir que la posición historicista de los 1260 días es en esencia exegéticamente defendible, al mismo tiempo que sugiere áreas de estudio adicional en este terreno.
Un estudio teológico sobre la contaminación y purificación del santuario hebreo
Authors: Bornapé M. Allan
Published: April 2020

El santuario hebreo del antiguo Israel y sus rituales constituyen un modelo teológico en la historia de la salvación. Su estudio clarifica las enseñanzas bíblicas relativas a la naturaleza del pecado y la muerte, el proceso de la justificación y santificación del ser humano, la eliminación final del mal en el cosmos y el verdadero carácter de Dios y su Ley. Este artículo estudia los procesos de contaminación y purificación del santuario levítico y muestra cómo estos iluminan las mencionadas enseñanzas bíblicas.
La doctrina de la justificación por la fe – Parte III: La perspectiva veterotestamentaria
Authors: Davidson Richard M.
Published: April 2020

El presente estudio es el último de una serie de tres artículos donde se estudia el asunto de la justificación por la fe con énfasis en la perspectiva veterotestamentaria. En la primer artículo se revisó de manera panorámica el debate sobre la justificación en el contexto de las distintas perspectivas teológicas cristianas desde tiempos de la Reforma hasta la actualidad. A partir de la segunda parte, el estudio se focalizó en la perspectiva veterotestamentaria, específicamente en el Pentateuco, y está última parte completa la discusión del tema en el Antiguo Testamento y concluye el estudio estableciendo una serie de implicancias para la comprensión de la doctrina de la justificación.
Süneklik düzeyi yüksek moment aktaran çelik çerçevelerin sismik enerji istemleri
Authors: DOĞRU Selçuk , AKBAŞ Bülent
Published: April 2020

Bir
yapının, kuvvetli yer hareketlerine maruz kalması durumunda elastik ötesi
davranış göstermesi beklenir. Yapının doğrusal olmayan sismik davranışını
değerlendirmek için en güvenli yöntemlerinden biri enerji esaslı yaklaşımı
kullanmaktır. Enerji esaslı  tasarım,
yapıya giren enerji ile yapının enerji tüketme kapasitesinin dengesi olarak
ifade edilebilir. Enerji esaslı çalışmalar daha çok tek serbestlik dereceli
(TSD) sistemler üzerine uygulanmıştır. Gerçek yapılar için, çok serbestlik
dereceli (ÇSD) sistemlerde, enerjinin ve enerjiye bağlı parametrelerin
performans esaslı yaklaşımlara göre incelenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada enerji esaslı yaklaşımın değerlendirilmesi için  yapıya giren toplam enerji ve  histeretik enerji gibi sismik enerji
parametreleri incelenmiş ve farklı yükseklik-açıklık konfigürasyonlarına sahip
süneklik düzeyi yüksek moment aktaran çelik çerçevelerdeki değişimi
gözlemlenmiştir. Az, orta ve çok katlı çelik çerçevelerden oluşan sistemler  doğrusal analiz ve zaman tanım alanında
doğrusal olmayan analiz hesap yöntemleri 
kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz 
sonuçları değerlendirilerek doğrusal olmayan histeretik enerji dağılımı
ve enerji talep spektrumları elde edilmiştir.
TissueCyte Image QC v3
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: April 2020

This protocol describes the QC step that occurs after the week of TissueCyte runs, and prior to analysis. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid III (ACSF.III) v3
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: April 2020

Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid III (ACSF.III) is used for applications including tissue bath solution during electrophysiological recording. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) initial growth in function to NPK fertilization
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Flávia Matias , Pinto Sheila Isabel do Carmo , Corrêa Ricardo Monteiro
Published: April 2020

Pitaya is considered a very promising cactus fruit, however, there is a lack of studies that support the definition of more suitable production systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of NPK mineral fertilization on pitaya initial growth, aiming the definition of nutritional and fertilization management appropriate to the agricultural exploitation of the crop. The assay was conducted in the greenhouse of the Biotechnology Laboratory. The propagating part of pitaya is its stem known as cladode. The cladodes were planted in pots of 8.0 dm3, filled with substrate based on soil from termites. The donor matrices of vegetative material were young specimens of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus). 72 cuttings of 30.0 cm in length were used. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 9 treatments (NPK doses) and 4 replications, totalizing 36 experimental plots. Each experimental plot was composed of 2 cuttings. Number of cladodes, sum of cladodes length, fresh cladodes mass, dry cladodes mass, root system length, root system fresh mass and root system dry mass were evaluated at 160 days after planting the morphological characters. The results of the variables were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. NPK fertilization affected the initial growth of the aerial part and the root system of pitaya. The greatest development of pitaya was provided by 450.0 mg dm-3 of N, 250.0 mg dm-3 of P and 250.0 mg dm-3 of K.
Diabetes, hyperglycemia and its role in fitness for work
Authors: Attarchi Mirsaeed , Seyedmehdi Seyed Mohammad
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Diabetes is a prevalent disease in our country and in the world. Hyperglycemia complications can impact on ability to work. Decision making about fitness for work in diabetic patients is important and complicated. The aim of this study was assessment scientific evidence and present suitable approach for fitness for work in diabetic patients.
Methods: In this review article the last evidence from Scopus, Science Direct, Pub Med, Google Scholar, SID and Magiran Data Base was evaluated and different aspects of fitness for work in hyperglycemia of diabetics of diabetic patients was analyzed.
Results: Assessment of personal risk and diabetic patient abilities in comparison with inherent requirements of the job is important in decision making about fitness for work. Most of these patients can work and have acceptable efficacy and safety in most of the jobs.
Conclusion: In most of job situations, with support of the employer and job environment modifications, diabetic patients can work with acceptable efficacy and safety.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus isolates from natural foci of the Irkutsk region: clarification of the genotype landscape
Authors: Mel’Nikova O. V. , Adel’Shin R. V. , Korzun V. M. , Trushina Yu. N. , Andaev E. I.
Published: April 2020

The Irkutsk region is the unique territory where all known subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) circulate. In the last years, the phenomenon of changes in TBEV subtypes (substitution of the Far-Eastern subtype by the Siberian one) was noted in some regions of the Russian Federation. The results of individual investigation of 11522 Ixodes persulcatus ticks and brain specimens from 81 small mammals collected in natural foci of the Irkutsk region during 2006-2014 are presented in the article. More than 60 TBEV strains have been isolated and studied by virological methods; E gene fragments (1193 b.p.) of 68 isolates have been typed. The majority of the strains (irrespective of subtype) were of high virulence for laboratory mice (LM) in case of both intracerebral and subcutaneous inoculation of virus. All isolates from warm-blooded small mammals and humans were of high virulence for LM, but placed in the same clusters of the phylogenetic tree with ticks collected in the same area. Tick-borne strains of different virulence also did not form separate clusters on the tree. Phylogenetic analysis showed that modern TBEV genotypic landscape of the studied territory is changing toward absolute predominance of the Siberian subtype (94.1%). This subtype is represented by two groups with prototype strains “Zausaev” and “Vasilchenko”. The “Vasilchenko” group of strains is spread on the whole territory under study; the strains of “Zausaev” group were isolated previously in the Irkutsk suburbs. The European subtype of TBEV circulates in natural foci of Pribaikalie permanently (at least 5% of the random sampling); the strains are of high virulence for LM. The Far-Eastern TBEV subtype was not found within the group of isolates collected in 20062014. The phylogenetic relationship of the strains under study had a higher correlation with the place of isolation than with the year or source.
Hepatitis B and C viruses interference in coinfected multitransfused recipients
Authors: Yaroslavtseva N. G. , Ignatova E. N. , Romanova T. Yu. , Tikhomirov D. S. , Tupoleva T. A.
Published: April 2020

Data on hepatitis B (HBV) and c (HCV) viruses interference in hematological patients are described. Patients with a hematological malignancy are at high risk of HBV and HCV infection as recipients of multiple transfusions. Results of the laboratory testing of 339 blood samples of patients treated at the National Research center for Hematology, Russian Federation, were studied. Among these patients, HBV/HCV coinfection markers were observed in 153 patients; HBV markers only, in 76 patients; HCV markers only, in 110 patients. The vast majority of coinfected patients had HBV DNA in blood (significantly more in HBsAg-negative patients: 100% vs. 82.8%, p = 0. 0005). HBsAg-negative coinfected patients had low HBV DNA levels (102-103ME/ml) and reduced (or completely absent) HCV RNA levels. The virus interference leads to a decrease in the viral nucleic acid concentrations. Thus, virus detection should include implementation of high sensitive molecular techniques (such as real-time PCR), and an enhanced set of serological HBV markers along with routine screening methods (HBsAg, anti-HCV).
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HIV INFECTION IN NORTHERN SEAPORTS OF RUSSIA
Authors: Kazennova E. V. , Laga V. Yu. , Gromov K. B. , Sankov M. N. , Popova E. S. , Lgumnova E. G. , Oparina E. N. , Sorokina T. A. , Bobkova M. R.
Published: April 2020

The results of the molecular-epidemiological analysis of HIV-1 variants circulating in Arkhangelsk and Murmansk - northern seaports of Russia - were presented. In these seaports the HIV-1 variants belonging to subtype A1 were predominant (93% in Murmansk, 83% in Arkhangelsk). In addition to these variants, viruses of other subtypes such as B, C, D and recombinant forms CRF02_AG and CRF03_AB were identified. The heterogeneity of circulating HIV-1 variants was higher in Arkhangelsk than in Murmansk. According to the results of phylogenetic analysis, subtype A1 sequences formed the common branch with nucleotide sequences of IDU-A strains found in other regions of Russia. HIV-1 variants of subtype B sub-clustered with sequences of East European B-variants. The recombinant strains CRF02_AG formed the common branch with HIV-1 sequences from Central Asia republics of the former USSR. Among 124 therapy-naive patients from Arkhangelsk and Murmansk (n = 124) the transmitted resistance was less than 5%.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ADENOVIRUSES CIRCULATING AMONG THE MILITARY IN THE NORTH-WEST REGION
Authors: Amosova I. V. , Timoshicheva T. A. , Egorova A. A. , Musaeva T. D. , Pisareva M. M. , Eder V. A. , Lvov N. I.
Published: April 2020

The contribution of adenovirus (AV) infections to the overall structure of acute viral respiratory infections among young people of draft age can reach as high as 64.6%. Wide dissemination, the incidence of AV-associated pneumonias and lethal outcomes in the case of some complicated infections illustrate the urgency of studying the antigenic diversity of AVs circulating among the military. 991 nasopharyngeal swabs from patients hospitalized in military health facilities with symptoms of acute respiratory infections from 2014 to 2017 were detected by real-time PCR. Sanger sequencing was performed using forward and reverse primers matching the fiber gene. AVs were detected in 326 samples. In 80 of those, AVs were present in combination with other respiratory viruses, as follows: 26 with respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), 49 with rhinoviruses, 2 with bocaviruses, 1 with RSV and rhinovirus, 1 with parainfluenza virus, and 1 with metapneumovirus. 31 samples were sequenced. Thirty AVs belonged to group E (serotype 4), and 1 AV belonged to group B (serotype 7).
MODERN ETHIOTROPIC CHEMOTHERAPY OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION: CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS, MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION, DRUG RESISTANCE, NEW TRENDS AND PROSPECTS. PART 1
Authors: Andronova V. L.
Published: April 2020

Modern chemotherapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections has a very limited arsenal of first-line drugs. These are preparations of ganciclovir (GCV) belonging to the class of modified nucleosides and its metabolic precursor ganciclovir valine ester. After three-step phosphorylation, GCV, as a structural analogue of the natural nucleotide, competes with it for binding to DNA polymerase and, due to its structural features, inhibits its activity. However, with prolonged use of GCV, mainly under conditions of immunosuppression, the virus develops drug resistance associated in most cases with changes in pUL97 catalyzing the first stage of GCV phosphorylation, as well as in the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase. When variants of viruses resistant to GCV appear, second-line drugs are used: pyrophosphate analog of foscarnet and nucleotide cidofovir. Resistance to second-line drugs is due to mutations in the pol-gene and in a number of cases leads to multiresistance, which makes it impossible to use traditional anti-CMV drugs. In addition, the use of all of the above drugs is accompanied by the development of severe side effects. All of the above determines the need to search for new compounds that can effectively inhibit the reproduction of the virus, harmless to the macroorganism, convenient to use, overcoming the drug resistance barrier in viruses. As a result of the search in international databases (PubMed, MedLine, eLIBRARY.RU, ClinicalTrials.gov, etc.), the main trends in the search for new anti-CMV agents were identified. In the first part of the review, we concentrated on compounds that are modifications of known antiviral agents currently used in clinical practice, the most promising for the development of drug anti-CMV drugs.
MOLECULAR GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV-1 VARIANTS ISOLATED IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Authors: Kotova V. O. , Trotsenko O. E. , Balakhontseva L. A. , Bazykina E. A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Molecular-genetic monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug-resistant strains circulation as well as analysis of territorial peculiarities of different genetic variants prevalence of the virus is a crucial part of epidemiological surveillance over HIV-infection spread. Objective of the research - to analyze the prevalence of HIV-1 genetic variants among HIV-positive people living in different constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District. Material and methods. Molecular-genetic analysis of the Pol-gene that is coding protease and a part of reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was performed for a total number of 206 blood plasma samples. The biological material was collected from HIV-positive people living in Sakhalin, Magadan and Amur regions, Jewish Autonomous District, Khabarovsk region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Chukotka Autonomous Region (constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the Russian Far East). Results. The research demonstrated that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 continues to be dominant and comprises 72.1±3.1% of all isolated subtypes in the regions of the Russian Far East. HIV-1 subtype B was identified in 14 cases (6.8±1.8%) and subtype C in 4 cases (1.9±1.0%). Spectrum of HIV-1 recombinant forms was determined for some regions. We identified five types of HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRF): CRF03_AB - 2 (0.9±0.7%), CRF02_AG - 8 (3.9±1.3%), CRF63_02A1 - 27 (13.1±2.4%), CRF11_cpx - 1 (0.5±0.5%), CRF01_AE - 3 (1.5±0.8%). High heterogeneity of the virus was registered in the Jewish Autonomous District. Discussion. The conducted research revealed genetic differences in the landscape of HIV-1 subtypes circulation as well as differences in HIV-1 recombinant forms distribution frequency in the Russian Far East. Current findings are due to expansion of migration flows that promote cross-border importation and further spread of different HIV-1 genetic variants among population of the Far Eastern Federal District. Conclusion. The conducted research revealed that the molecular-genetic monitoring of HIV-1 genovariants should involve not only regions with high HIV-abundance but also with low HIV-prevalence and incidence.
DEPENDENCE OF BIOFILM-FORMING ABILITY ON THE ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA CLINICAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Shipitsyna I. V. , Osipova E. V. , Ovchinnikov E. N. , Leonchuk D. S.
Published: April 2020

Due to the spreading highly resistant strains among clinically significant P. aeruginosa clones, it becomes necessary to prescribe antibiotics not only taking into account the knowledge of sensitivity spectrum of a particular isolate but the data of microorganism biofilm activity as well. To study the dependence of biofilm-forming ability on the sensitivity to antibacterial preparations of P. aeruginosa clinical strains, isolated from patients with chronic osteomyelitis. 36 patients above 18 with chronic osteomyelitis of long tubular bones who were treated in the center of purulent osteology took part in the experiment. Object of the study - material isolated from wounds, fistulas, as well as from inflammatory foci. The sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to 10 antibiotics was analyzed: Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Imipenem, Meropenem, Aztreonam, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Cefepime. High- and medium-adhesive strains accounted for 86,1 % among P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, obtained from the wounds of patients with chronic osteomyelitis of long tubular bones. Highly adhesive strains are resistant to a wide range of antibacterial preparations used clinically. Penicillins were the most effective preparations when analyzing antibioticograms obtained for highly adhesive strains, for medium adhesive strains - penicillins, aminoglycosides and carbapenems, for low adhesive ones - aminoglycosides, penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams, quinolones. P. aeruginosa multi-resistance is a serious problem in the treatment of patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Spreading antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa is associated with the presence of bacteria in the biofilm. Since adhesion is the first step in the biofilm formation, it is important to identify strains having high adhesive ability timely.
İplik Düzgünsüzlük Analizi için Kapasitif Ölçüm Devresi Tasarımı: Matematiksel Yaklaşım ve Gerçekleme
Authors: Gurkan Koray
Published: April 2020

Tekstil sektörü, hızla gelişen ve Türkiye ihracatının büyük kısmını oluşturan bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Tekstil ürünlerinin dış piyasa ile rekabet edebilmesi için ürün kalitesinin artması gerekmektedir. Ürün kalitesi ise iplik kalitesine bağlı olarak değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada iplik kalitesini belirleyen parametrelerden biri olan iplik düzgünsüzlüğünün kapasitif olarak ölçümü için farksal paralel plaka yöntemine dayanan yeni bir ölçüm devresi önerisi yapılmış ve matematiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Paralel plakaların ve analog devrenin tasarım adımları, gerçeklenmesi, deney düzeneği anlatılmış ve ölçüm sonuçları irdelenmiştir. Tasarlanan devre ile düzgünsüzlük ölçümü oldukça hassas şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
The Performance Improvement of the Low-Cost Ultrasonic Range Finder (HC-SR04) Using Newton’s Polynomial Interpolation Algorithm
Authors: Gandha Gutama Indra , Nurcipto Dedi
Published: April 2020

The ultrasonic range finder sensors are widely used sensor in many applications such as computer applications, general purpose applications, medical applications, automotive applications and industrial grade applications. The ultrasonic range finder sensor has many advantages. The advantages are easy to use, fast in measuring process, non-contact measurement and suitable for air and underwater environment. However, the ultrasonic range finder has deviation especially for low-cost sensor. It affects the accuracy level of the measurement result that performed by its sensor directly. The HC-SR04 categorized as a low-cost ultrasonic range finder sensor. This sensor has significant error level. The improvement of the accuracy level of this low-cost ultrasonic sensor is expected to this research. The Newton’s polynomial interpolation algorithm has been used in this research to reduce the error during the measurement process. The implementation of Newton’s polynomial interpolation has succeeded to improve the sensor accuracy. The MSE level of 29,96 is obtained without the Newton’s Polynomial Interpolation implementation. The implementation of the Newton’s Polynomial Interpolation algorithm has succeeded to increase the accuracy level of the sensor by 55,54%. It has been proofed by the decrease of MSE level by 13,32.
Performance Analysis of Fetal-Phonocardiogram Signal Denoising Using The Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Fuadina Ipam , Hendry Jans , Zulherman Dodi
Published: April 2020

The obligation for comprehensive fetal heart rate investigation had driven to improve the passive and non-invasive diagnostic instruments despite the USG or CTG method. Fetal phonocardiography (f-PCG) utilizing the auscultation method met the above criteria, but its interpretation frequently disturbed by the presence of noise. For instance, maternal heart and body organ sounds, fetal movements noise, and ambient noise from the environment where it is recording are the noise that corrupted the f-PCG signal. In this work, the use of discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) to eliminate noise in the f-PCG signal with SNR as the performance parameters observed. It was observing the effect of changes in wavelet type and threshold type on the SNR value. The test was carried out on f-PCG data taken from physio.net. Initial SNR values ranged from -26.7 dB to -4.4 dB; after application of DWT procedure to f-PCG, SNR increased significantly. Based on the test results obtained, wavelet type coif1 with the soft threshold gave the best result with 11.69 dB in SNR value. The coif1 had a superior result than other mother wavelets that use in this work, so the fPCG signal analysis for fetal heart rate investigation suggested to use it.
Gut Dysbacteriosis Is Associated with an Imbalanced Cytokines Network in Women with Unexplained Miscarriage
Authors: Liu Yongjie , Chen Hainan , Chen Dan , Feng Liping , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2020

Background: A dysregulation of cytokine networks has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of unexplained pregnancy loss. Gut microbiota affects host immune response and induces an imbalance in cytokine levels. However, how gut microbial dysbiosis affects the disturbance of cellular immune function in spontaneous abortion (SA) patients remains inconclusive.Results: Serum proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in SA patients. Microbial diversity in patients with SA was reduced compared with that in the controls, as were the relative abundances of Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_UCG_003, and Selenomonas_1 were significantly reduced in the cases. Fecal metabolomics profiles were altered in SA patients, and the correlation analyses indicated that some microbe-associated metabolites, which were significantly enriched in bile secretion and histidine metabolism pathways, were positively associated with changes in levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the SA group. Moreover, the microbial-associated metabolites, imidazolepropionic acid and 1, 4-Methylimidazoleacetic acid, are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss.Conclusions: Our study highlights the network among gut microbiome, fecal metabolites and Th1/Th17-mediated immune response in miscarriage patients and identifies potential novel biomarkers and an intervention target for recurrent miscarriage.