bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective Strategies With a Master-Slave Mechanism Dominate in Spatial-Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma
Authors: Li Jiawei , Duncan Robert , Li Jingpeng , Bai Ruibin
Published: October 2021

How cooperation emerges and persists in a population of selfish agents is a fundamental question in evolutionary game theory. The research shows that collective strategies with master-slave mechanism (CSMSM) defeat tit-for-tat and other well-known strategies in spatial iterated prisoner's dilemma. A CSMSM identifies kin members by means of a handshaking mechanism. If the opponent is identified as non-kin, a CSMSM will always defect. Once two CSMSMs meet, they play master and slave roles. A mater defects and a slave cooperates in order to maximize the master's payoff. CSMSM outperforms non-collective strategies in spatial IPD even if there is only a small cluster of CSMSMs in the population. The existence and performance of CSMSM in spatial iterated prisoner's dilemma suggests that cooperation first appears and persists in a group of collective agents.
An Efficient Regression Test Suite Optimization Approach Using Hybrid Spider Monkey Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Agrawal Arun Prakash , Choudhary Ankur , Nand Parma
Published: October 2021

Regression testing validates the modified software and safeguards against the introduction of new errors during modification. A number of test suite optimization techniques relying on meta-heuristic techniques have been proposed to find the minimal set of test cases to execute for regression purposes. This paper proposes a hybrid spider monkey optimization based regression test suite optimization approach and empirically compares its performance with three other approaches based on bat search, ant colony, and cuckoo search. The authors conducted an empirical study with various subjects retrieved from software artifact infrastructure repository. Fault coverage and execution time of algorithm are used as fitness measures to meet the optimization criteria. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach with other search-based approaches under study using various statistical tests like m-way ANOVA and post hoc tests including odds ratio. Results indicate the superiority of the proposed approach in most of the cases and comparable in others.
Hybrid Multi-Population and Adaptive Search Range Strategy With Particle Swarm Optimization for Multimodal Optimization
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Shen Zepeng , Peng Yao
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes an algorithm named hybrid multi-population and adaptive search range strategy with particle swarm optimization (ARPSO) for solving multimodal optimization problems. The main idea of the algorithm is to divide the global search space into multiple sub-populations searching in parallel and independently. For diversity increasing, each sub-population will continuously change the search area adaptively according to whether there are local optimal solutions in its search space and the position of the global optimal solution, and in each iteration, the optimal solution in this area will be reserved. For the purpose of accelerating convergence, at the global and local levels, when the global optimal solution or local optimal solution is found, the global search space and local search space will shrink toward the optimal solution. Experiments show that ARPSO has unique advantages for solving multi-dimensional problems, especially problems with only one global optimal solution but multiple local optimal solutions.
Factors Affecting Gelation of Lidocaine Hydrochloride-Loaded Polyelectrolyte Complex Thermosensitivity Gel for Dry Socket Treatment
Authors: Supachawaroj Nuttawut , Limsitthichaikoon Sucharat
Published: October 2021

Dry socket disease, a pocket wound caused by the tooth extraction that resulted in severe acute pain which requires a topical analgesic with rapidly pain reduction and suppress the pain until the wound healed. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting gelation temperature and gelation time of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH)-loaded polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) thermosensitivity gel for treating dry socket wound. The first factor was investigated the effects of the ratio of three different types of polymers as chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA) and poloxamer407 (P407) on the phase transition caused by temperature. The second factor was examined the effects of gel preparation methods. The results showed that increasing concentration of the cationic polymer as CS induced the separation of the solution to gel (sol-to-gel) system due to the charge of CS and the charge of PEC. The ratio of HA:P407 affected the gel forming which high concentration of P407 reduced the gelation temperature while low concentration of HA disturbed the sol-to-gel state causing coagulation. The viscosity, spreadability, and swelling were significantly increased due to the concomitant increased in each polymer, HA and P407. The particle of the formulation observed under microscope was found to be less than 1 µm. Phase inversion from sol-to-gel was found after a min at 23°C. Since gelation temperature of the purposed formula is supposed to form gel below 37°C within a short period of injection. The results of the study indicate the suitable sol-to-gel forming in the appropriate temperature and time which should be used for further investigation in the efficacy and safety.
Development of Personalized Colonic Drug Delivery Systems Prepared by 3D-Printing Technology
Authors: Sangnim Tanikan , Tangpanithanon Arunlux , Khamtheantong Maythawee , Charoenwai Jintanan , Huanbutta Kampanart
Published: October 2021

Colonic drug delivery systems (CDDS) show several advantages for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease such as improving the clinical outcomes and minimizing side effects of corticosteroids. However, variation of the patient's gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in terms of transit time and pH causes the fluctuation of the drug releasing site in the GIT resulting in low therapeutic efficiency. Consequently, 3D-printing techniques have been applied for preparation of personalized colonic drug delivery systems in this study. Prednisolone was selected as a model drug and prepared in the form of a core tablet. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were printed as a tablet housing and a drug control release plug, respectively. A two-factor full factorial model was utilized to design the experiment and partial least square regression (PLS) models were generated to reveal and predict drug release time of the system. From the results, only thickness of the PVA plug significantly affected the drug release at sampling times of 5, 6, 10, and 24 h. The relations between thickness of the plug and drug releases at 5, 6, and 10 h are quadratic but that of 24 h is linear. The relation between thickness of the plug and drug releases is quadratic. The drug could not be completely released in 24 h because the drug was entrapped by PVA gel. The search results show the possibility to utilize the PLS models to modify drug release time for individual patients. However, alteration of plug polymer is a suggestion to obtain complete drug release.
Metallurgical Behavior of Amorphous Alloy during Annealing at Different Temperatures via Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Lin Yuan Ching , Lu Shao Chan , Teng Po Hao
Published: October 2021

The mechanism of annealing-induced amorphization of metallic glass is investigated in this study via molecular dynamics simulation. Spherical nucleuses of Cu–Ni–Al alloy with a face-centered cubic structure are embedded to simulate nanograins in Cu–Ni–Al amorphous alloy; subsequently, the material is annealed at different temperatures. The results show that the critical radius for nucleation at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) affected the behavior, grain growth, and annihilation of nanograins in the Cu–Ni–Al amorphous alloy during annealing. When the temperature increased, the critical radius for nucleation increased as well. This causes the small nanograins to annihilate quickly and the large nanograins to develop rapidly. When the annealing temperature is higher than Tg, part of the crystal nuclei, which is smaller than the critical radius, can be eliminated. The crystallinity of the metallic glass decreased, and the minimum crystallinity is attained after a period of annealing simulation. Subsequently, as the residual effective nanograins began developing, the crystallinity of the amorphous metal increased again. Therefore, the annealing duration time is critical to the crystallinity of the amorphous alloy after annealing.
Surface Topography Evolution of Engineered Surfaces during Sliding Wear
Authors: Prajaapti Deepak K.
Published: October 2021

Due to experimental limitations, sometimes it is challenging to tackle the thorough change in asperity characteristics (contact pressure, real area of contact, asperity radius), which demands a more suitable analytical model for prediction of such characteristics. This work demonstrates an approach for modeling sliding wear that provides an insight into the evolution of surface topography with operational cycles. The wear model is applied on various engineered surfaces to study the change in surface topography with wear cycles. It is concluded that different engineered surfaces nearly with same roughness demonstrate totally different behavior during sliding wear. It is observed that milled surface in comparison to turned, honed and grinding surfaces experiences minimum contact pressure due to very high correlation length. Within the range of wear cycles, maximum increase in the asperity radius is observed for milled surface.
Evolution of the Mechanical Properties of the Surface Layers of Aluminum Alloys under the Conditions of Sliding Friction
Authors: Torskaya Elena V. , Mezrin Alexey M.
Published: October 2021

Mechanical properties of surface layers of aluminum alloys before and after friction tests are studied by nanoindentation. The influence of the composition of the alloys on these properties is analyzed. It is obtained that as a result of wear and tear, relatively compliant layer is formed on the surface of one of the alloys. Another sample demonstrates relatively rigid film at the surface of the friction path. Conclusions about different mechanisms of the wear and tear of alloys are made based on the analysis.
An Evaluation of Dictyophora indusiata Mucilage as a Binder in Tablet Formulations
Authors: Burapapadh Kanokporn , Changsan Narumon , Sinsuebpol Chutima , Saokham Phennapha
Published: October 2021

Dictyophora indusiata known as bamboo mushroom is an edible mushroom in Genus Dictyophora, Family Phallaceae that could produce highly viscous mucilage encased in the peridium. The viscous mucilage is clear-colorless hydrocolloid with high viscosity and high adhesive nature which made it possible to be developed into pharmaceutical excipients. This research work aimed at the application of the mucilage as a tablet binder. The mucilage was prepared as redispersible powder by lyphilization before used. The dried mucilage could be effectively used as a binder in paracetamol tablet formulations both as dry and wet binder. Increasing of the dried mucilage amount caused the stronger tablet with higher disintegration time. The optimum concentrations of the dried mucilage in tablet formulations were 2.0% w/w as dry binder and 1.0% w/w as wet binder. The obtained tablets revealed low friability and fast disintegration time. The drug dissolution was conformable to USP37 standard and comparable to that of commercial product. Accordingly, the Dictyophora indusiata mucilage could be functionally used as a tablet binder
Formulation of Chewable Toothtablets Containing Mangosteen Rind Extract and Market Feasibility Study in Capital District of Nakhon Pathom Province
Authors: Nattapulwat Nattawat , Wetwitayaklung Penpun , Sriwong Burin T.
Published: October 2021

The objective of this research aimed to 1. formulate chewable toothpaste tablets containing mangosteen rind extract, 2. compare the suitable filler between lactose anhydrous and mannitol that adsorbs mangosteen rind extract by flowability and appearance indicators, 3. study the effect of type and amounts of foaming agents on stability of foam that leads to appropriate formulation, and 4. study market feasibility of chewable toothpaste tablets containing mangosteen rind extract. Survey method and self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection both before and after formulation in capital district of Nakhon Pathom. Thirty participants were selected and categorized into five groups which are tourists, dental patients, pharmacy students at Silpakorn University, office workers and dentists. After data collection is done, it was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Results showed that mannitol is an appropriate adsorbent. It showed proper color and appearance as well as good flowability of extract. Cocamidopropyl betaine was selected as foaming agent. According to the survey, participants are interested in product. In addition, some dental specialists suggested to add fluoride. Overall, this product is interested and accepted among participants. Therefore, consumers are likely to buy chewable toothpaste tablet containing mangosteen rind extract.
In Silico, Design, and Development: Molecular Modeling towards B-RAF and VEGFR-2 of Novel Sorafenib Derivatives for Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancer Inhibitors
Authors: Sirirak Jitnapa , Suttayasorranakhom Satipat , Limpachayaporn Panupun , Oekchuae Sittisak
Published: October 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health problem and the leading cause of death of people around the world with a tendency to increase every year, leading to a large investigation on the development of HCC drugs. In this work, novel sorafenib derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety, M1-M5 were designed as potential HCC cancer inhibitors by targeting B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (B-RAF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). The bindings of M1-M5 in the cavity of B-RAF and VEGFR-2, which are kinases related to HCC cell growth, were investigated by molecular docking using iGEMDOCK v2.1 software. The results illustrated that M1-M5 bound in the binding site of B-RAF and VEGFR-2 in a similar manner to sorafenib. It was also found that the 1,2,3-triazole moiety of M1-M5 interacted well by hydrogen bonding with key amino acids in the binding site of B-RAF and VEGFR-2 which could inhibit the cancer cell growth. Although the binding energies of M1-M5 in B-RAF (-148.51 to -126.19 kcal/mol) were rather higher to that of sorafenib (-176.75 kcal/mol), the binding energies of M1-M5 in VEGFR-2 (-127.00 to -116.48 kcal/mol) were comparable to that of sorafenib (-127.03 kcal/mol). As a result, M1-M5 containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were promising molecules to study in vitro on VEGFR-2 inhibitory assay and be leading compounds for the development as the anticancer drugs against HCC in the future.
Development of Aqueous Formulation Containing the Extracted Mangiferin
Authors: Tessiri Chanikanda , Channarong Sunee , Wongtrakul Paveena
Published: October 2021

Mangiferin, a polyphenol of C-glycosylxanthone, exhibits various bioactivities with poor aqueous solubility. It is known as a potent antioxidant, which leads to remarkable UV protection and anti-aging properties. Mangiferin can be found in many plant species, among which the mango leaf is one of the primary sources. From our study, the extraction yield of mangifein obtained from the leaves of Mangifera indica L. variety Nam Doc Mai was 3.17% with 95.02% ± 0.064 purity (HPTLC analysis). The solubility of mangiferin in the studied pure solvents arranging in descending order were ethoxydiglycol, dimethyl isosorbide, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, isopentyldiol, methanol, ethanol and water, whereas the addition of the solvent in water could increase the aqueous solubility of mangiferin. In several cases, the solubility was apparently higher than that dissolved in its pure solvent state. The log-linear solubility model for the cosolvent system was used to calculate the volume fractions of the selected solvents needed to solubilize mangiferin content at the twenty times of the IC50 against DPPH radicals. In conclusion, the developed aqueous formulation contained 0.5% w/v of mangiferin and 20% w/v of polyethylene glycol 600 or dipropylene glycol as a solubilizer in water.
Development of Oral Cleansing Products Containing Green Tea and Centella asiatica Extracts
Authors: Amornopparattanakul Nattaporn , Waranuch Neti , Lamlertthon Supaporn , Wisuitiprot Wudtichai , Ingkaninan Kornkanok
Published: October 2021

“Mild” oral care products are needed by some groups of people, such as radiotherapy patients. This study developed oral cleansing products containing green tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) extracts with antibacterial activities and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. extracts with a wound healing activity. We found that 3.13 mg/ml of green tea extract inhibited both Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, which can cause dental caries and oral candidiasis, respectively. Also, a 16 μg/ml C. asiatica extract promoted fibroblast migration in a wound healing study. The products were developed in 2 dosage forms, i.e. a solution and an impregnated gauze, which were isotonic, alcohol and volatile oil free formulations to prevent irritation and burning sensations. The products showed acceptable physical stability after testing under stressed conditions with post-test retention of antimicrobial activity.
Lamellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phases as a Carrier for Skin Delivery of Morus alba Stem Extract
Authors: Yhirayha Chein , Wittaya-Areekul Sakchai , Pitaksuteepong Tasana
Published: October 2021

Morus alba stem extract possesses several biological activities. However, skin delivery of the extract is limited by the stratum corneum. In this study, lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) was investigated for the potential application in the skin delivery of M. alba stem extract. The four formulations were developed and incorporated with M. alba stem extract at 3% w/w. These formulations were stored at room temperature in light-protected containers for 3 months. The optical pattern under polarized light microscope, viscosity and remaining of the extract were determined. The skin penetration enhancing property of the formulations was investigated using excised porcine ear skin model. The results showed that all formulations remained stable after 3-month storage. The two formulations exhibiting good penetration enhancing properties were F3 consisting of PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate/n-Dodecane/Water/extract (55.29/19.40/22.31/3.00 %w/w) and F4 consisting of mixed Surfactant/n-Dodecane/Water/extract (48.50/4.85/43.65/3.00 %w/w). The mixed surfactant composed of PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate/PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil/Glyceryl oleate (40/33.24/26.76 %w/w). It can be concluded that the lamellar LLC formulations developed in this study can be used as a carrier for delivering of M. alba stem extract. The components of the formulations which play important roles are the oil and the surfactant.
Formulation Optimization and Characterization of Spray-Dried Medium Chain Triglycerides-Rich Oil
Authors: Kriangkrai Worawut , Sararuk Pitchayut , Tothong Thanawat , Khumpirapang Nattakanwadee , Wittaya-Areekul Sakchai
Published: October 2021

Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) are important substrates of the energy metabolism and anabolic processes in mammals. In this study, MCT-rich oil was encapsulated in the mixing ratios of maltodextrin and protein by spray drying to produce spray-dried MCT-rich oil (SMCT). Spray-dried conditions were an inlet temperature of 200 °C, an outlet temperature of 90 °C, and a flow rate of 0.70 L/h. Box–Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology were applied for modeling the influence of formulation variables on powder recovery of SMCT. The key variables were concentration of maltodextrin (10-30% W/W), total protein (5–15% w/w), and MCT-rich oil (5–15% w/w). The microparticles were characterized in terms of particle morphology, yield, Carr's index, moisture content, flowability, hygroscopicity, and powder diffraction. The highest yield of SMCT was 41.19% obtained under the optimized conditions (maltodextrin concentration of 15% w/w, total protein concentration of 8% w/w, MCT-rich oil concentration of 15%). Experimentally obtained values were consistent with those predicted by the model, indicating the suitability of the employed model and the success of the model in optimizing the formulation.
Development of Curcumin-Loaded Polymeric Mixed Micelle for Skin Moisturizing Antioxidant Formulation
Authors: Channarong Sunee , Sobharaksha Parapat , Sardseangjun Chanchai , Vasvid Panipak
Published: October 2021

Abstract The aim of this study was to fabricate curcumin-loaded polymeric mixed micelle which was a new nanocarrier of therpeutic agent for skin uses. Curcumin was extracted from dried turmeric rhizomes using ethanol and recrystallized. The purity of curcumin was 79±3.6 %w/w. Six curcumin-loaded polymeric micelles (PM1-PM6) were prepared by simple dissolution method using poloxamer 407 (5% and 10%) as a main core structure. PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (PEG-40HCO) was incorporated at two percentages (2.5% and 5.0%) to study the effect on the nanoparticle characteristics. The average particle sizes of PM1-PM6 were in the range of 33.3±6.6 nm to 171.3±52.8 nm. The entrapment efficiency and the loading capacity of curcumin were in the range of 47.45%-77.35% and 0.048%w/w-0.078%w/w, respectively. When PEG-40HCO was incorporated in to the polymeric micelles, the particle size decreased and the entrapment efficiency increased. Thus, PM4 and PM5 were selected for further study. Moisturizing antioxidant creams containing 0.005%w/w of curcumin loaded in PM4, PM5 and curcumin simply dissolved in propylene glycol (PG) were formulated. The resulted formulations showed good spreadability and good characteristics. After being subjected to accelerated test, all of the formulations remained with characteristic color, pH and showed no phase separation. The stability data showed that the moisturizing antioxidant creams were stable for the whole 3 months after storage at accelerated temperature (45°C/75%RH). The study demonstrated that polymeric mixed micelle spontaneously encapsulated a poorly water-soluble curcumin and increased the solubility up to 250 folds. The developed moisturizing cream containing 0.005%w/w of curcumin resulted a greenish-yellow color preparation. It had tolerable physicochemical properties based on curcumin content, pH and viscosity under the harsh condition. The cream also had satisfactory antioxidant activity, which can be regarded as an effective and acceptable therapeutic or skincare products for topical uses.
A laboratory method for mass rearing the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Weeraddana Chaminda De Silva , Wise Ian , Lamb Robert J. , Wolfe Sheila , Wist Tyler , McCartney Curt A. , Smith Marjorie A.H. , Costamagna Alejandro C.
Published: October 2021

Orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has been successfully reared in the laboratory for more than 20 years in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The rearing method has been developed to the point where it efficiently produces large numbers of wheat midge continuously under laboratory conditions for use in experiments on wheat midge biology and for screening wheat lines for crop resistance. Adult survival was extended by providing high humidity, and oviposition was increased by simulating natural dawn and dusk conditions and by supplying preflowering spring wheat to adults. Preventing desiccation of the wheat midge larvae in the wheat spikes before overwintering in soil and providing optimal cold conditions for a long enough period to break larval diapause enabled successful adult emergence. We provide data to facilitate the coordination of timing of wheat midge emergence from diapause with the wheat susceptible period. The method can be readily scaled up for screening many lines for resistance or scaled down for small experiments. Here, we report details of the rearing method so that others can implement it for research on the management of this internationally important pest.
Experiments on invertebrate predation on cladocerans and its relationships with lake data
Authors: Dos Santos Ferreira Tânia C. , Arcifa Marlene S.
Published: October 2021

Until recently, knowledge of the impact of invertebrate predators on cladocerans in the Brazilian Lake Monte Alegre was limited to a few species. In order to assess the effects of predation on other cladoceran species, experiments were carried out with different pair-wise combinations of prey species. The experiments tested predation by fourth instar larvae of the dipteran Chaoborus brasiliensis Theobald on neonates and adults of the cladocerans Daphnia gessneri Herbst, Diaphanosoma birgei Kořínek, and Ceriodaphnia richardi Sars, and predation by the water mite Krendowskia sp. on neonates and adults of C. richardi and D. gessneri. In replicated treatments, the prey was offered alone or in combination with neonates and adults of two species and kept in bottles on a plankton wheel under controlled temperature, photoperiod, and light conditions. Chaoborus larvae preyed on neonates of D. birgei and D. gessneri and on adults of the former species. They preyed preferentially on neonates and adults of D. birgei over neonates and adults of C. richardi. The mite Krendowskia sp. preyed on only one species: neonates and adults of D. gessneri. Data on the distribution and strategies of prey in the lake are discussed in light of the experimental results, in an attempt to establish a link between laboratory data and field conditions.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Enhanced the Developmental and Implantation Compatibility of Mouse Embryos in Co-culture with Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hosseini Ali , Movaghar Bahar , Abkenari Showra Amani , Nazari Hassan , Bakhtiyari Mehrdad
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective:

Among the various in vitro embryo culture systems, co-culture has demonstrated remarkable effects in pre-implantation embryo development owing to the production of embryo-nourishing factors. Nevertheless, little is known about the secretion of these factors. Therefore, in this study, the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), one of the most important nourishing factors in the early development of mouse embryos, in human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) was evaluated.

Methods:

Two-cell stage embryos were collected from the oviducts of hyper-stimulated and mated mice and cultivated in a co-culture with an hEEC monolayer with or without LIF. The quality and developmental and attachment potential rates of cultured embryos were evaluated by determining the levels of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx2) transcripts.

Results:

LIF significantly increased the developmental rate (82.67% vs. 61.04%, respectively) and attachment rate (64% vs. 45.45%, respectively) of mouse embryos co-cultured with hEECs compared to those in untreated embryos. The expression levels of Oct4 and Cdx2 in blastocysts cultured in the presence of LIF were higher than those in blastocysts cultured without LIF.

Conclusions:

Despite the secretion of LIF by hEECs during co-culture with embryos, the amount of this factor was insufficient, and its addition to the culture media could increase the developmental potential of embryos.
Comparison of intralesional bleomycin with/without doxycycline in the primary management of pediatric lymphangiomas
Authors: Pawar Naresh M , Singh Aditya Pratap , Gupta Arun Kumar , Chaturvedi Vinita , Barolia Dinesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Background:

Although surgical excision is the treatment of choice for lymphangiomas, recently many centers are practicing intralesional sclerotherapy as the primary modality. The purpose of this study was to review the efficacy of intralesional Bleomycin, to study the efficacy of a combination of intralesional bleomycin and doxycycline and compare the results.

Materials and Methods:

In this clinical observational study, all patients were evaluated clinically and color Doppler ultrasonography. Patients were grouped into Group A, in which intralesional Bleomycin alone and Group B, in which a combination of intralesional Bleomycin and Doxycycline was instilled into the cysts. The clinical response was assessed and compared between the groups.

Results:

Out of 52 patients in the study, the most common site of lymphangioma was cervical 28 (53%) and the most common type was macrocystic lesion 44 (84.5%). In Group A, out of 26 patients, the response was excellent in 15 (58%), satisfactory in 8 (30%), and poor in 3 (12%). In Group B, out of 26 patients, the response was excellent in 22 (85%), satisfactory in 2 (7.5%), and poor in 2 (7.5%). The postprocedure complications were observed more in Group A than Group B, of which the most common was pain/tenderness in five patients followed by redness and fever.

Conclusion:

Intralesional bleomycin alone and a combination of intralesional bleomycin and Doxycycline injection both can be safe and effective sclerosant formulas for primary nonsurgical management. The use of combination of Bleomycin and Doxycycline required fewer treatment sessions to obtain clinical success compared to Bleomycin alone.
Geriatric nutritional risk index in screening malnutrition among young adult and elderly trauma patients
Authors: Liu Yueh-Wei , Tsai Ching-Hua , Chou Sheng-En , Su Wei-Ti , Li Chi , Hsu Shiun-Yuan , Hsieh Ching-Hua
Published: October 2021

Background:

The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) calculated as 1.489 × albumin (g/dL) +41.7× (current body weight/ideal body weight) is useful in identifying high-risk for malnutrition in elderly patients with subacute or chronic diseases. Given that trauma patients have sustained injuries in an acute condition, this study is designed to explore the association between GNRI on admission and outcomes in elderly and young adult patients with trauma.

Materials and Methods:

From January 01, 2009, to December 31, 2019, a total of 1772 elderly and 2194 young adult trauma patients were categorized into four nutritional risk groups according to GNRI: high-risk group (GNRI <82), moderate-risk group (GNRI 82 to <92), low-risk group (GNRI 92–98), and no-risk group (GNRI >98). Propensity score-matched patient cohorts were created in different nutritional risk groups against the no-risk group to minimize the confounding effects of sex, age, pre-existing comorbidities, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and Injury Severity Score on outcome measurements. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcome was the length of hospital stay.

Results:

Young adult patients with trauma were comparable in pattern of mortality outcomes and hospital stays to that in elderly patients. Analysis of the selected propensity score-matched patient cohorts revealed that both elderly and young adult patients in the high-risk group had significantly higher odds of mortality (elderly, odds ratio [OR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.00-14.03; P < 0.009; young adult, OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.45-5.11; P = 0.001) and longer hospital stay (elderly, 21.5 days vs. 12.4 days, respectively, P < 0.001; young adults, 22.5 days vs. 14.1 days, respectively, P < 0.001) than those of the no-risk group.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that the GNRI could serve as a useful screening method to identify high-risk malnutrition in acutely injured trauma patients, including not only the elderly trauma patients but also the young adult trauma patients.
Spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage due to polycythemia vera
Authors: Lin Tzu-Yao , Chien Shih-Chao , Chu Chan-Lin , Jhuang Jie-Yang , Tsai Cheng-Chia , Lin Hsin-Yao
Published: October 2021

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) as an initial presentation of polycythemia vera (PV) is rare. It can present with the features ranging from simple back pain to complete paraplegia depending on the site of the spinal compression. Herein, we describe a case of undiagnosed PV presented as back pain with radiation to the chest wall in a 46-year-old male patient and subsequently diagnosed with spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of spinal epidural hematoma-related PV has been reported so far. Emergent decompressive laminectomy was done within 10 h of initial presentation with excellent clinical outcome. Therefore, this condition must be promptly diagnosed and treated with decompression surgery to minimize the risk of neurological complication.
Comparative evolution of clinical efficacy of manual tooth brush versus chewable tooth brush a randomized clinical trail
Authors: Reddy Kola Srikanth , Soubhgya M , Begum Nuzula , Vuggirala Vikram , Nallagula K. Harshita , Nagakishore
Published: October 2021

Background:

Plaque control is the daily removal of dental plaque, oral biofilms, and also prevention of their accumulation on the other parts of the oral cavity. Dental plaque is the major etiology of maximum gingival and periodontal diseases. This study is an effort to find if chewable brushing is better than manual.

Objective:

The objective was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of manual toothbrush and chewable toothbrush on fifty patients, in the age group of 8–12 years over a period of 28 days.

Materials and Methods:

This study used a randomized, double-blinding, single-center, two-treatment, parallel group, design subjects with mild to moderate plaque and gingivitis were evaluated for baseline whole mouth gingival margin and approximal plaque. Clinical assessments were performed using the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TQHI) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Subjects received either manual or chewable toothbrush. Data were entered on to the Microsoft Excel and statically analyzed using (SPSS version 21.0 IBM, Chicago III, IL, USA). Data were evaluated by t-test with a P < 0.005 considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

Fifty subjects participated in the study; 25 in the manual toothbrush and 25 in the chewable toothbrush group. Both brushes demonstrated significant reductions in plaque and gingivitis over the 28 days study period (P < 0.001). The chewable toothbrush was significantly more effective than the manual toothbrush. No adverse events were observed with either brush.

Conclusion:

The plaque and gingivitis reduction for the chewable toothbrush were significantly greater than for the Manual toothbrush.
Effect of Cryotherapy on Postoperative Pain
Authors: Jain Atul , Chauhan Shivani , Bahuguna Rachana , Agarwal Abhinay , Sharma Rohit , Khan Faisal
Published: October 2021

Context:

Postoperative pain(POP) as a consequence of root canal preparation, is a major side effect, of endodontic treatment. It can be prevented by the use of cryotherapy. This randomized control trial was carried out, to test the latter's efficacy, so that it can be recommended, as a preventive measure for POP, during endodontic treatment.

Aims:

To evaluate the effect of cryotherapy on post-operative pain (POP) during endodontic treatment.

Setting and design:

Randomized controlled trial was conducted on 40 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria [Table 1] in mandibular premolars, diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and normal periapical tissues.

Methods & Material:

40 patients were randomly distributed into two groups, Experimental and Control. In the experimental group, 10ml cold saline solution, at -, while in the control group, 10ml of saline solution at room temperature, was used as the final irrigant. Patients were asked to fill a questionnaire, pre-operatively and post-operatively at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours.

Statistical analysis:

The obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version ' .0' software.

Results:

Incidence and intensity of POP, was found to be lower in patients treated with cold saline.

Conclusion:

Use of cold saline solution as final irrigant, during endodontic treatment, reduces the incidence and intensity of post endodontic pain.
Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Various Periodontal Surgeries in Vicinity of Nagpur City
Authors: Niswade Grishmi , Gattani Deepti , Ughade Suresh
Published: October 2021

Background:

Among the postoperative complications following periodontal surgery, the risk of infection stands out the most since infection of the surgical site can lead to poor surgical outcomes in terms of wound healing.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate antibiotic-prescribing practices for various periodontal surgeries in vicinity of Nagpur city.

Materials and Methods:

An anonymous survey was distributed to periodontists through Google forms. The survey questioned prescribing practices for various periodontal surgeries, the demographic data and place of practice of the clinician, rationale for prescribing or not prescribing antibiotics, and acceptability of guidelines. The survey consisted of 12 questions, 7 of which were questioned to the practitioners “In an otherwise healthy patient, would you prescribe antibiotics for a X procedure” where X included various periodontal surgeries. Response choices were limited to “In most cases yes, in most cases no and I do not perform this procedure.” Results were analyzed using statistical software.

Results:

A total of 50 periodontists responded out of 98 who were contacted to participate in the survey with a response rate of 51%. Nearly 58% of practitioners had a predominant work setting of a dental college and 42% have a predominant work setting of private practice. Practitioners were significantly more likely to prescribe antibiotics all the periodontal surgical procedures. The most common rationale for prescribing antibiotics was to decrease the chances of developing an infection, whereas the most common rationale for not prescribing antibiotics was a healthy patient and based on current and previous literature. Nearly 66% of practitioners reported that they would follow the guidelines for antibiotic prescription if they were developed by American Academy of Periodontology (AAP). Bivariate analysis revealed that there is no significant role of other characteristics on the response of an individual. Even multivariate analysis does not reveal significance of baseline characteristics although it revealed that respondents working in a dental college are 2.15 times more likely to follow AAP guidelines as compared to private practitioners. Females are 1.64 times more likely to follow AAP guidelines as compared to males and respondents practicing inside Nagpur are 1.35 times more likely to follow AAP guidelines as compared to those practicing outside city.

Conclusion:

Practitioners are more likely to prescribe antibiotics in the majority of the periodontal surgical procedures despite the standard indications for prescription. This misuse can lead to numerous complications in treatment and development of antibiotic resistance. Based on these results, specific guidelines for the use of antibiotics suggesting a particular antibiotic to be used in a particular periodontal surgery and its duration is the need of the hour to prevent the overuse of antibiotics.
To Review the Effect of Tightened and Loosened Torque on Two Different Implant–Abutment Connection Designs
Authors: Arneja Jyoti , Pawah Salil , Gupta Amit , Manisha  , Pathak Chetan , Jain Neha
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

It is crucial to take care of stability between various implant parts for the general success rate of the reconstruction. Component fit, saliva contamination, machining accuracy, and screw preload influence the steadiness of implant–abutment connection. Loosening of abutment screws has been a well-known technical problem.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to gauge repeated tightening and loosening torque on two commercially available implant/abutment connection designs.

Study Design:

This was an in vitro study.

Methodology:

A total of 32 implant analogs samples using a metal die with, metal ring of 20mm x 20mm x 20mm in size and a hole in the center were prepared. For both the groups, the implant analog was axially threaded within bases. They were clasped at an edge parallel to the standard minimal bone position. A 35 N/cm torque was enforced, each implant and abutment connection in both the groups using toque ratchet. After 20 min, screws were loosened and detorque measurement was recorded up to ten times. Scanning electron microscope micrographs of selected screws also are presented. SPSS (21.0 version) was used for analyzing data.

Results:

The mean residual torque for Group 1 was − 51.45 and Group 2 was − 43.29. The RTq (%) was found to be significantly less (0.028*) among Group 2: conical connection as compared to Group 1: butt joint connection.

Conclusion:

The loosening torque was significantly less in conical connection as compared to butt joint connection.
Macular buckling and pars plana vitrectomy for retinitis pigmentosa with posterior staphyloma and macular hole
Authors: Arora Anshu , Grover Apoorv , Aggarwal Akhilesh
Published: October 2021

We describe a case of myopic macular hole (MMH) associated with posterior pole staphyloma (PPS) and foveal detachment (FD) complicated by the presence of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). The patient underwent combined macular buckling (MB) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Two month post-operatively, the optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a closed macular hole with flattened posterior pole. The challenges posed by a FD due to a MMH complicated both by a PPS and RP have been elaborated. A significant anatomical and visual improvement was achieved, providing better central vision in a patient with already compromised peripheral vision.
Primary cutaneous angiosarcoma of the eyelid
Authors: Singh Ankita , Kaushik Jaya , Shetty Rakesh , Jain Vaibhav K , Kumar Ashok , Mishra Prabhashankar
Published: October 2021

A 67-year-old male, presented with the complaints of itchy, painless, rapidly enlarging black colored mass arising from his left upper eyelid. Ocular examination revealed a dark colored nodule with overlying crust on the temporal aspect of the left upper eyelid. An excisional biopsy revealed a well-circumscribed tumor composed of anastomosing vascular channels of varying sizes. Lining endothelial cells revealed focal areas of hypercellularity, mild to moderate pleiomorphism. Immunohistochemistry revealed that tumor cells are diffusely immunopositive for CD34. A diagnosis of primary cutaneous angiosarcoma of eyelid was made. Systemic oncological workup for metastatic disease was negative. The patient thereafter underwent wide surgical excision with frozen section control of margins followed by free flap skin graft under general anesthesia to achieve complete surgical resection of the tumor. Thus, although extremely rare, angiosarcoma of eyelid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unusual or atypical eyelid lesions; the early diagnosis and treatment of which improves the survival rate.
Massage gun-induced ocular injury – A case report
Authors: Lai Anthony Chuk-Him , Nam Wong Eva Wai , Ping Lai Frank Hiu
Published: October 2021

A 30-year-old man presented to the ophthalmology clinic with a 1-week history of right eye blurred vision. He reported application of massage gun over bilateral periocular regions for 3 months. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed bilateral iris atrophy at the inferonasal region. In the right eye, there was anterior subcapsular and cortical cataract at the visual axis, associated with mild phacodonesis. There were dot opacities in the left eye lens without lens subluxation. The patient received right phacoemulsification with a multifocal intraocular lens implanted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral traumatic cataract with symmetrical iris atrophy after repetitive periocular massage with a massage gun reported in the literature.
Subfoveal intrachoroidal cavitation secondary to full-thickness macular hole in a case of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Tekade Pradeep G , Namdeo Neha
Published: October 2021

We report a rare case of subfoveal intrachoroidal cavitation secondary to full-thickness macular hole in case of retinitis pigmentosa. Intrachoroidal cavitation was typically described in myopic eyes in peripapillary region and North Carolina macular dystrophy previously. Many authors described hypothesis regarding its pathogenesis but conclusive evidence is not available. We are reporting subfoveal intrachoroidal cavitation associated with retinitis pigmentosa and myopia.
Melanoma-associated spongiform scleropathy
Authors: Das Dipankar , Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Barman Manab Jyoti , Bharali Gayatri , Javeri Henal , Zameer Saman , Buragohain Suklengmung , Mahato Deb Kumar , Gokani Bhavya , Deka Apurba
Published: October 2021

Melanoma-associated spongiform scleropathy (MASS) is a non-inflammatory scleral degenerative change with a spongiotic morphology seen in the sclera associated with uveal melanoma. This degenerative change was seen in the inner side of the sclera in contact with the pigmented mass. It is usually seen in an elderly person with choroidal melanoma. We report a case of MASS in a large choroidal melanoma in a 58-year-old Indian man supported by histopathology, special histochemical stains, and immunohistochemistry.
Aggressive retinal hemangioblastoma with scleral penetration in Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome
Authors: Mohammed Ferzana , Somasundaran Sandya , Poothatta Jyothi , Unnikrishnan Suma
Published: October 2021

Retinal hemangioblastoma is associated with Von-Hippel–Lindau syndrome. Here, we report the case of a 50-year-old man who had a retinal hemangioblastoma that penetrated the sclera and presented as an extra-ocular mass. Computerized tomography of the abdomen showed bilateral renal cell carcinoma, renal, and pancreatic cysts. A provisional diagnosis of Von-Hippel–Lindau syndrome was made. Enucleation of the eyeball was done, and the diagnosis of retinal hemangioblastoma was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Though rare, retinal hemangioblastomas can present with extrascleral extension. In such cases, enucleation may be the only alternative.
An unusual case of juvenile xanthogranuloma presenting as a subconjunctival nodule with review of literature
Authors: Meel Rachna , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Kashyap Seema
Published: October 2021

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign histiocytic disorder that belongs to the non-Langerhans cell group. Extracutaneous involvement in the eye usually involves the iris and presents as recurrent spontaneous episodes of hyphema or secondary glaucoma. A 3-year-old child presented with a subconjunctival mass in the left eye and concurrent scalp nodules. Ultrabiomicroscopic examination showed a moderately reflective episcleral mass with extension into cornea but no scleral involvement. Histopathology of the excised subconjunctival mass showed a dense infiltrate of polygonal/spindle mononuclear cells with moderate amounts of cytoplasm and scattered Touton giant cells, suggestive of JXG. Systemic evaluation did not reveal any other sites of involvement. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with topical steroids. At last follow-up 2.5 years, the patient is free on any recurrence.
Orbital dermoid cyst combined with unilateral keratoconus
Authors: Wang Zengying , Meng Yifei , Hao Lili , Qie Sufang , Yan Zhipeng
Published: October 2021

To report a rare case of an orbital dermoid cyst combined with unilateral keratoconus. A 19-year-old female presented with a painless, progressive upper eyelid swelling of the right eye accompanied by decreased visual acuity. Keratoconus of the right eye was confirmed by corneal topography. After surgery, the lesion mass proved to be a dermoid cyst on pathological examination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe an orbital dermoid cyst combined with unilateral keratoconus. This case suggested that the keratoconus of the right eye may be a secondary manifestation of the mechanical pressure exerted by the orbital dermoid cyst.