bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling of Clouds and Tropospheric Relative Humidity in the Tropical Western Atlantic: Insights From Multisatellite Observations
Authors: Brogniez Hélène , Kirstetter Pierre‐Emmanuel
Published: March 2020

We investigated the interactions between clouds and moisture at the diurnal scale in the Western Atlantic trade winds region. Profiles of tropospheric relative humidity from the SAPHIR/Megha‐Tropiques sounder are combined with cloud categories obtained from geostationary satellites. In winter, the midtroposphere undergoes strong daytime drying due to air masses coming from the colder upper troposphere. The moistening near the surface triggered by solar radiation precludes the development of low‐level clouds. At night rising moist air in the upper troposphere triggers the formation of high‐altitude clouds and favors their presence. In summer, daytime high‐altitude clouds shield the solar forcing on the atmosphere and reduce drying from large‐scale subsidence. After sunset, the development of upper tropospheric opaque clouds constitutes a local source of moisture. We argue that modulations of the diurnal cycle of clouds and relative humidity by season may be related to diurnal pulses of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Cobalt decorated nitrogen-doped carbon bowls as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhong Haobin , Shi Changwei , Li Jiantao , Yu Ruohan , Yu Qiang , Liu Haoyun , Yao Yao , Wu Jinsong , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang
Published: March 2020

Cobalt decorated nitrogen-doped carbon bowls (Co@NCB) demonstrate better ORR performance than Pt/C in terms of half-wave potential and stability.
Droplet encapsulation improves accuracy of immune cell cytokine capture assays
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Brouchon Julie , Calvo-Calle J. Mauricio , Xia Jing , Sun Li , Zhang Xu , Clayton Kiera L. , Ye Fangfu , Weitz David A. , Heyman John A.
Published: March 2020

In-droplet cytokine capture assays combined with FACS to accurately identify and isolate activated immune cells.
Iridium(iii) complexes with the dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]phosphole oxide group and their high optical power limiting performances
Authors: Liu Zhao , Xu Yanmin , Yue Ling , Li Ming , Yang Xiaolong , Sun Yuanhui , Yan Lihe , Zhou Guijiang
Published: March 2020

New cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes with the dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]phosphole oxide group can show a higher optical power limiting ability than C60 for a 532 nm laser.
A size tunable bimetallic nickel-zinc nitride as a multi-functional co-catalyst on nitrogen doped titania boosts solar energy conversion
Authors: Qi Weiliang , Meng Xiangjian , Adimi Samira , Guo Haichuan , Thomas Tiju , Li Fei , Jiang Heng , Liu Siqi , Yang Minghui
Published: March 2020

N–TiO2–Ni3ZnN as a multi-functional photocatalyst exhibits efficient photocatalytic performance toward various reactions.
Controllable preparation of CuO/Cu2O composite particles with enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Jiang Qing , Jiang Jiajie , Deng Runkang , Xie Xinyuan , Meng Jianxin
Published: March 2020

Spherical CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites synthesized in PEG-400 have excellent catalytic activity because of transferring photogenerated electrons from Cu2O to CuO.
Exploration of the intrinsic factors limiting the photocurrent density in ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin film
Authors: Shah Jafar Hussain , Ye Hengyun , Liu Yong , Idris Ahmed Mahmoud , Malik Anum Shahid , Zhang Yi , Han Hongxian , Li Can
Published: March 2020

The limiting factor for low photocurrent density of polarization switchable ferroelectric BiFeO3 film is due to severe charge recombination at the interfaces of the domain walls rather than recombination inside the domains.
Finite‐element‐analysis models for numerical simulation of partial discharges in spherical cavities within solid dielectrics: a review and a novel method
Authors: Rodríguez‐Serna Johnatan M. , Albarracín‐Sánchez Ricardo , Mas'ud Abdullahi A.
Published: March 2020

During the last two decades, partial discharges (PDs) modelling methods have been used as a complement of insulation diagnosis systems of electrical assets. Finite‐element‐analysis models for simulating PDs in cavities within solid dielectric materials are reviewed and a novel model is presented, which combines the main advantages of electrostatic and electric current models. The theoretical background is presented and some limitations and restrictions are discussed. A case of study was implemented for three different ageing conditions and simulation results exhibit good agreement with reported values by other authors in the literature. An analysis of variations of PD behaviour with ageing as a function of temperature and pressure is briefly presented. It is concluded that more research is needed to include physical and chemical interactions on the void surface and that the cavity surface conductivity plays a fundamental role in the PD simulations at advanced ageing conditions.
Design of DC‐side fault current limiter for MMC‐HVDC systems: Safety of the MMC along with frequency stability
Authors: Pirhadi Alireza , Tavakoli Bina Mohammad
Published: March 2020

A high voltage direct current system based on the modular multi‐level converter (MMC‐HVDC) is introduced as a suitable device for transmission of bulk powers over long distances. A pole‐to‐pole DC‐side fault is a significant challenge for the MMC‐HVDC system. Three main problems are the appearance of voltage spikes following a fast DC fault current break up, frequency instability due to insufficient inertia (networks such as renewable energy‐based systems) and destruction of anti‐parallel diodes within the MMC due to the high fault current. This study proposes a novel method for limiting DC fault current, improving isolation of the three‐phase AC system from the DC‐side. The suggested design employs high power resistors as virtual load such that continuity in active power flow will be kept on. Further, this prevents frequency deviation from exceeding the allowable limits. Also, transient over‐voltages will be limited which are coming from stray inductances linked with electromagnetic effects of fault current level. Simulations and design practical issues have verified the validity of the proposal by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Cooperative control strategies to stabilise the freeway mixed traffic stability and improve traffic throughput in an intelligent roadside system environment
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Zhang Yu , Ran Bin , Xu Yueru , Qu Xu
Published: March 2020

Previous studies used an adaptive time gap strategy to stabilise the head‐to‐tail string stability by connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). However, this strategy can bring an adverse effect on traffic throughput. Moreover, at a lower market penetration rate of CAVs, it is also difficult to implement a larger adaptive time gap to dampen the unstable traffic conditions. To this end, this study proposes cooperative control strategies to improve the mixed traffic throughput and stabilise the head‐to‐tail string stability in an intelligent road system (IRS) environment. The mixed traffic was composed of autonomous vehicles (AVs) with string instability/stability, and CAVs with low penetration. The feasible stable control parameters of AVs and CAVs are computed and implemented into the cooperative control strategies. The results show that the cooperative control strategies have better performances in improving traffic throughput and stabilising the overall head‐to‐tail string stability. Moreover, analytical solutions and simulation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies subject to exogenous disturbances. The cooperative control strategies can be potentially applied to alleviate the mixed traffic problems, with the advanced connection and automation technologies in an IRS environment.
Configurations of DC–DC converters of one input and multiple outputs without transformer
Authors: Durán Eladio , Litrán Salvador P. , Bella Ferrera María
Published: March 2020

This study describes the methodology and the basic procedure developed by the patent entitled New Configurations of DC ‐DC Converters of One Input and Multiple Outputs without Transformer and Power Converter that Apply Them. The invention is related with new configurations of DC ‐DC converters of single input and multiple outputs (SIMO), without a transformer, with a single power switch, and therefore a single control circuit, which results in a smaller size, lower weight and simplicity compared to other known SIMO DC–DC configurations. In a novel form, it comprises at least two converters which share the DC source, an inductor and the power switch. This is obtained by the combination of basic converters: step‐down (buck), step‐up (boost) and step‐down/step‐up (buck–boost) as ?uk converter, SEPIC (single ended primary inductance converter), Zeta, CSC (canonical switching cell) and buck ‐boost single‐inductor. A generalisation of the methodology developed in this invention allows to obtain modular converters with 2N, 3N, 4N and 6N outputs and single input, from N converter modules. The paper also relates to a power converter, comprising N (greater than or equal to 2) DC converters connected in parallel, whose control signals have a phase shifting of 2π/N radians.
Deep search for hydrogen peroxide toward pre- and protostellar objects
Authors: Fuchs G. W. , Witsch D. , Herberth D. , Kempkes M. , Stanclik B. , Chantzos J. , Linnartz H. , Menten K. , Giesen T. F.
Published: March 2020

Context. In the laboratory, hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) was proven to be an intermediate product in the solid-state reaction scheme that leads to the formation of water on icy dust grains. When HOOH desorbs from the icy grains, it can be detected in the gas phase. In combination with water detections, it may provide additional information on the water reaction network. Hydrogen peroxide has previously been found toward ρ Oph A. However, further searches for this molecule in other sources failed. Hydrogen peroxide plays a fundamental role in the understanding of solid-state water formation and the overall water reservoir in young stellar objects (YSOs). Without further HOOH detections, it is difficult to assess and develop suitable chemical models that properly take into account the formation of water on icy surfaces.

Aims. The objective of this work is to identify HOOH in YSOs and thereby constrain the grain surface water formation hypothesis.

Methods. Using an astrochemical model based on previous work in combination with a physical model of YSOs, the sources R CrA-IRS 5A, NGC C1333-IRAS 2A, L1551-IRS 5, and L1544 were identified as suitable candidates for an HOOH detection. Long integration times on the APEX 12 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes were applied to search for HOOH signatures in these sources.

Results. None of the four sources under investigation showed convincing spectral signatures of HOOH. The upper limit for HOOH abundance based on the noise level at the frequency positions of this molecule for the source R CrA-IRS 5A was close to the predicted value. For NGC 1333-IRAS 2A, L1544, and L1551-IRS 5, the model overestimated the hydrogen peroxide abundances.

Conclusions. HOOH remains an elusive molecule. With only one secure cosmic HOOH source detected so far, namely ρ Oph A, the chemical model parameters for this molecule cannot be sufficiently well determined or confirmed in existing models. Possible reasons for the nondetections of HOOH are discussed.
Überblick über die klinische Studienlage in der Homöopathie
Authors: Steinmann Diana
Published: March 2020

In Politik, Medien, unter Wissenschaftlern und medizinischem Fachpersonal existieren stark unterschiedliche Meinungen zur vorliegenden Studienlage in der Homöopathie. In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird zunächst eine Einführung in die evidenzbasierte Medizin gegeben und anschließend werden wichtige Artikel und Studien zur Grundlagenforschung, im Bereich der klinischen Studien, der Versorgungsforschung (Beobachtungsstudien) und in Bezug auf die Metaanalysen genannt. In jedem Bereich wird auf die Vor- und Nachteile sowie Qualität der Studienkonzepte eingegangen, sodass sich der Leser eine eigene Meinung zum Thema Forschung in der Homöopathie bilden kann. Im Gegensatz zur Skeptikermeinung gibt es ein paar wenige Studien von sehr hoher Qualität, die eine Wirksamkeit in der untersuchten Fragestellung zum Teil sogar gegen Placebo zeigen.
Berufliche Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben von Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen: gestern und heute eine Herausforderung
Authors: Krasselt Alexandra , Stengler Katarina , Steinberg Holger
Published: March 2020

In der Geschichte der deutschen Psychiatrie ist die Schwierigkeit, schwer psychisch kranke Menschen zurück in das Arbeitsleben zu bringen, bekannt. Vor allem die Arbeitstherapie wurde als Instrument zur Überwindung dieses Problems gesehen. Als Beispiel dafür stehen die Reformbemühungen der Rodewischer Thesen. Vor dem Hintergrund sozialrechtlicher Grundlagen wurden Leistungen zur beruflichen Teilhabe in Deutschland seither jedoch fast ausschließlich im klassischen Rehabilitationssektor ausgebaut und wurden kaum prioritär als Therapieauftrag in der Akutpsychiatrie gesehen. Die historische Erfahrung zeigt, dass genau hier Änderungsbedarf besteht, um die Arbeitsfähigkeit psychisch Kranker langfristig zu erhalten und frühzeitige Erwerbsunfähigkeit aufgrund psychischer Erkrankung zu verhindern.
Aryne-Based Multicomponent Coupling Reactions
Authors: Lee Daesung , Ghorai Sourav
Published: March 2020

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) constitute a powerful synthetic tool to generate a large number of small molecules with high atom economy, which thus can efficiently expand the chemical space with molecular diversity and complexity. Aryne-based MCRs offer versatile possibilities to construct functionalized arenes and benzo-fused heterocycles. Because of their electrophilic nature, arynes couple with a broad range of nucleophiles. Thus, a variety of aryne-based MCRs have been developed, the representative of which are summarized in this account.

1 Introduction

2 Aryne-Based Multicomponent Reactions

2.1 Trapping with Isocyanides

2.2 Trapping with Imines

2.3 Trapping with Amines

2.4 Insertion into π-Bonds

2.5 Trapping with Ethers and Thioethers

2.6 Trapping with Carbanions

2.7 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Approaches

3 Strategies Based on Hexadehydro Diels–Alder Reaction

3.1 Dihalogenation

3.2 Halohydroxylation and Haloacylation

3.3 Amides and Imides

3.4 Quinazolines

3.5 Benzocyclobutene-1,2-diimines and 3H-Indole-3-imines

3.6 Other MCRs of Arynes and Isocyanides

4 Conclusion
Treating Hereditary Ataxias—Where Can We Help?
Authors: Agarwal Ayush , Garg Divyani , Faruq Mohammed , Rajan Roopa , Goyal Vinay , Srivastava Achal Kumar
Published: March 2020

Hereditary ataxias comprise a group of neurological disorders which affect different levels of the neurological axis including the cerebellum, peripheral nerves, cognition, and the extrapyramidal system. These are categorized by the mode of inheritance as autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, X-linked, and mitochondrial cerebellar ataxia. Definitive curative therapy is not available for these disorders. However, a wide array of emerging treatment options, especially in terms of symptomatic therapy, rescues this group from therapeutic nihilism. Several drugs have been assessed including riluzole, valproate, lithium, etc., as well as rehabilitative, and neuromodulatory strategies. In addition, symptomatic therapies for ancillary symptoms, such as seizures, movement disorders, spasticity, dystonia, etc., should also be targeted. Lastly, molecular therapeutic possibilities are also being explored in animal studies. In this review, we elucidate on the current treatment options available for hereditary ataxias.
Textiloma Mimicking a Recurrent High-Grade Astrocytoma: A Case Report
Authors: Jaramillo-Jiménez Esteban , Gupta Manu , Snipes George , Cheek Brennen S. , Michael Christopher B. , Navarro-Montoya Ana M. , Gómez-Escobar Tatiana , Jiménez-Villegas Juliana , Rodríguez-Márquez Iader , Melguizo-Gavilanes Isaac
Published: March 2020

Introduction Textiloma (Txm) is a nonmedical term that has been given to foreign body-related inflammatory pseudotumor arising from retained nonabsorbable cotton matrix that is either inadvertently or deliberately left behind during surgery, which may trigger an inflammatory reaction. This report describes a case of Txm mimicking a recurrent high-grade astrocytoma.

Case Report We, here, present the case of a 69-year-old female with a 6-month history of progressive left-sided weakness. Neuroimaging studies revealed a large nonenhancing mass in the right frontoparietal lobe. Pathology reported a World Health Organization tumor classification grade II, diffuse astrocytoma. After surgical intervention, external beam radiation was given to the remaining areas of residual tumor. Routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a nodular area of contrast enhancement in the dorsal and inferior margin of the biopsy tract, growing between interval scans, and perfusion-weighted imaging parameters were elevated being clinically asymptomatic. She underwent a complete resection of this area of interest and pathology returned as a Txm with Surgicel fibers.

Conclusion After treatment of a neoplasm, if unexpected clinical or imaging evidence of recurrence is present, a foreign body reaction to hemostatic material used during the initial surgery should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Establishing the Safety of Training in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Retrospective Comparison of Outcomes between Trainees and a Consultant Surgeon
Authors: Pal Soumik , Hartley Philip , Salmasi Yousuf , Asimakopoulos George
Published: March 2020

Background The safety of training in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery and the stage at which trainees should be exposed to this technique remain controversial. This single-center retrospective study aimed to compare outcomes of OPCAB surgery in consultant and trainee cases.

Methods Between 2014 and 2018, all isolated OPCAB operations performed under the care of a consultant surgeon (G.A.) were analyzed. Cases where a surgeon below consultant grade performed at least 70% of the distal anastomoses were designated as “trainee cases” with the remaining cases designated as “consultant cases.” The baseline characteristics of patients, perioperative data, and short-term outcomes were prospectively collated and analyzed.

Results During the study period, 245 OPCAB cases were identified: 142 (58%) consultant and 103 (42%) trainee cases. The trainee cases were performed exclusively by trainees in the final 2 years of the UK National Cardiothoracic Training Program. Both trainee and consultant groups had low mortality with two perioperative deaths occurring in either group. The rates of serious postoperative complications including stroke (n = 1 vs. 2, p = 0.759), resternotomy for bleeding (n = 3 vs. 7, p = 0.431), and mediastinal infection (n = 2 vs. 3, p = 0.926) were low and not significantly different between the two groups. Patients operated on by trainees had a slightly longer hospital stay than those operated on by the consultant surgeon, although this did not reach statistical significance (9.9 vs. 7.9 days).

Conclusions These results demonstrate comparable outcomes in OPCAB surgery between a consultant surgeon and trainees. This study supports the conclusion that training surgeons in OPCAB is appropriate for trainees in the final years of cardiac surgery training.
Coronary Artery Fistula Unmasking the Absence of Left Pulmonary Artery in an Adult
Authors: Sigusch Holger H. , Hansch Andreas , Doenst Torsten
Published: March 2020

Coronary artery fistulae are an incidental finding in patients undergoing coronary angiography or computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography. A 60-year-old man with known coronary artery disease presented with dyspnea. Coronary angiography revealed a large fistula arising from the circumflex artery (CX) without a clear intrathoracic target vessel or chamber in the heart. CT angiography revealed the agenesis of the left pulmonary artery. The fistula arising from the CX ensured left lung tissue supply. Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery is an extremely rare condition. In this case, the identification of a fistula from the heart triggered the correct diagnosis.
Trends in Cesarean Delivery Rate after Cessation of the One-Child Policy in China
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Huang Ding , Landon Mark B. , Cheng Weiwei , Chen Yan
Published: March 2020

Objective We aimed to describe changes in cesarean delivery (CD) rates after the change of the one-child policy in China by using the Robson classification in a large Chinese population.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study included 91,015 women who delivered at ≥24 weeks of gestation at a large tertiary obstetric center in Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2016. We analyzed CD rate trend and CD contribution trend in each Robson group. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of CD while adjusting for confounding variables.

Results The overall CD rate decreased from 49.0% in 2011 to 40.6% in 2016. In nulliparous women with singleton cephalic term pregnancy and planned CD, the CD contribution rate was reduced significantly from 29.3% in 2011 to 16.4% in 2016 (p < 0.001). In multiparous with a scarred uterus, the CD contribution rate began to increase from 3.8% in 2011 to 9.1% in 2016 (p < 0.001). Compared with delivery in 2011, delivery in 2016 was associated with a 37% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60–0.66) reduction in CD. This reduction was observed in both nulliparous women with singleton cephalic term pregnancy (aOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.54–0.60), and multiparous women with singleton cephalic term pregnancy without scar (aOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.30–0.55).

Conclusion The rate of cesarean delivery in our Chinese population has declined significantly in the past few years.
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Ventricular Function and Pulmonary Pressure in the Neonatal Omphalocele Population
Authors: Dal Col Alexis K. , Bhombal Shazia , Tacy Theresa A. , Hintz Susan R. , Feinstein Jeffrey , Altit Gabriel
Published: March 2020

Objective Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been described in the neonatal omphalocele population. This study was aimed to describe cardiac function and PH severity using echocardiography in newborns with giant omphalocele (GO) and with non-GO and determine if right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with mortality.

Study Design Retrospective, single-center analysis of first echocardiography among neonatal omphalocele patients born between 2004 and 2017 was conducted. Multivariate logistic and univariate Cox's regression was constructed to measure hazard ratio (HR) for death outcome.

Results There were 32 newborns, of whom 18 were GO and 7 died. GO had increased systolic pulmonary arterial to systolic systemic blood pressure ratio (97% [isosystemic] vs. 73% [three-fourths systemic] p = 0.03). RV performance parameters (tricuspid annular plane excursion, HR = 0.40; fractional area change, HR = 0.90; and RV peak global longitudinal strain, HR = 1.39) were associated with mortality. These RV performance parameters remained associated in a multiple logistic regression accounting for gestational age and GO status. The overall population had abnormal eccentricity index and pulmonary artery acceleration time to RV ejection time ratio, two markers of PH.

Conclusion Patients with omphalocele have increased pulmonary pressure, with GO being worse than non-GO. RV dysfunction at initial echocardiography was significantly associated with mortality.
Establishment and Application of Engineered NIH 3T3 Cell Line with Stable Human RAGE Expression
Authors: Xiao Xinyi , Chen Hui , Paerhati Pameila , Zhou Meiqi , Yang Zhuoyi , Bai Siyi , Yuan Yunsheng
Published: March 2020

Aim NIH3T3 cell line with expression of human receptor for advanced glycation end-products (hRAGE) transduced with lentivirus vectors was used to analyze affinity, biological activity, and/or molecular mechanisms of molecules targeting the hRAGE pathway.

Method The DNA fragment coding for hRAGE gene was integrated into the genome of NIH3T3 cells using lentivirus transduction. Cells expressing hRAGE were selected with puromycin, and the level of hRAGE expression was analyzed by Western blot. To establish a stable cell line, colonies of hRAGE-expressing cells were generated, and the level of RAGE expression in each engineered cell line was analyzed within 20 generations. Flow cytometry assay was used to verify affinity of anti-hRAGE antibody binding to hRAGE on the surface of engineered cells. The engineered NIH3T3 cell line was applied to assess effects of anti-hRAGE blocking antibody on amyloid β-induced cells apoptosis by CCK-8 assay.

Results The engineered NIH3T3 cell line (hRAGE-NIH3T3) could stably express human RAGE. Commercial anti-RAGE polyclonal antibody could recognize and bind to human RAGE on the surface of hRAGE-NIH3T3 but not original NIH3T3 cells. In addition, hRAGE-NIH3T3 was more sensitive to RAGE pathway-dependent stimulation. Our data show that the hRAGE-NIH3T3 cell line established is an excellent tool in the study of RAGE-targeting molecules based on the cellular level, biological function, and RAGE-mediated molecular mechanisms.
The eye or the ear?
Authors: Chmiel Agnieszka , Janikowski Przemysław , Cieślewicz Anna
Published: March 2020

In the current study we set out to investigate source language interference in the visual modality (in sight
translation – ST) and in the auditory modality (in simultaneous interpreting – SI). We probed interpretations of cognates,
interlingual homographs and passive structures in single sentence contexts as performed from English to Polish by 47 advanced
interpreting trainees. We also analysed temporal measures: ear-voice span (in SI) or eye-voice span (in ST) as well as total
translation time. The results showed a higher level of interference in ST in the case of homographs and a mixed pattern of results
for the remaining measures. We also obtained interesting task-independent results, namely an 80% rate of global passive retention
testifying to a high level of syntactic priming in both modes of interpreting. We discuss these results in the context of
different types of interference occurring in interpreting and conclude that there might be a similar global level of interference
in the two tasks, however with differing underlying patterns. This is the first study to date to directly compare interference
levels between ST and SI in such controlled conditions. Our results contribute to the understanding of complex linguistic
processes occurring across modalities in interpreting tasks.
Cross-linguistic influence in word order
Authors: Bosch Jasmijn E. , Unsworth Sharon
Published: March 2020

The present study investigated cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in the word order of Dutch-English bilingual children, using elicited production and acceptability judgment tasks. The goal was to examine whether monolingual and bilingual children produced and/or accepted V2 word orders in English, as in * Yesterday painted she an apple. We investigated whether the likelihood of CLI was related to language dominance, age at testing, and the degree of surface overlap (i.e., V2 word orders with auxiliaries versus main verbs).

Even though none of the participants produced V2 word orders in English, in the acceptability judgment task bilingual children were more likely to accept V2 word orders than monolingual peers. Whilst monolinguals sometimes accepted V2 word orders with auxiliaries, bilinguals did so significantly more often (constituting a quantitative difference) and with main verbs, too (implying a qualitative difference). Therefore, we conclude that CLI can occur independently of surface overlap and that it can lead to both quantitative and qualitative differences between bilinguals and monolinguals. The likelihood of CLI was predicted by language dominance, but not by age. Some bilinguals still accepted V2 word orders at age ten, suggesting that in some cases CLI may be more persistent than previously thought.
Interaction of intracellular hydrogen peroxide accumulation with nitric oxide production in abscisic acid signaling in guard cells
Authors: Jannat Rayhanur , Senba Takanori , Muroyama Daichi , Uraji Misugi , Hossain Mohammad Anowar , Islam Mohammad Muzahidul , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Munemasa Shintaro , Mori Izumi C , Murata Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2020

Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO•) concomitantly play essential roles in guard cell signaling. Studies using catalase mutants have revealed that the inducible and constitutive elevations of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have different roles: only the inducible H2O2 production transduces the abscisic acid (ABA) signal leading stomatal closure. However, the involvement of inducible or constitutive NO• productions, if exists, in this process remains unknown. We studied H2O2 and NO• mobilization in guard cells of catalase mutants. Constitutive H2O2 level was higher in the mutants than that in wild type, but constitutive NO• level was not different among lines. Induced NO• and H2O2 levels elicited by ABA showed a high correlation with each other in all lines. Furthermore, NO• levels increased by exogenous H2O2 also showed a high correlation with stomatal aperture size. Our results demonstrate that ABA-induced intracellular H2O2 accumulation triggers NO• production leading stomatal closure.

Abbreviations

ABA: abscisic acid; CAT: catalase; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DAF-2DA: 4,5-diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate; H2DCF-DA: 2ʹ,7ʹ-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; MeJA: methyljasmonate; NOS: nitric oxide synthetase; NR: nitrate reductase; POX: peroxidase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SNAP: S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine; SNP: sodium nitroprusside; NOX: NADP(H) oxidase.
Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with NMC, A-STAR, July 2018
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Ming Kai Fuu , Hui Wendy Liu , Jie Fang , Yuxi Cui , Norris James E , Hodges Joseph T
Published: March 2020

As part of the on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Singapore maintained by the National Metrology Centre, A*STAR (NMC, A*STAR) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), via a transfer standard maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Recent bounds on graviton mass using galaxy clusters
Authors: Desai Shantanu , Gupta Sajal
Published: March 2020

Although galaxy clusters have proved to be wonderful laboratories for testing a plethora of modified gravity theories and other exotic alternatives to ΛCDM, until a few years ago, there was only one paper (from 1974), which obtained a limit on graviton mass (of

O

(10−29) eV) with clusters. To rectify this, in the last few years multiple works have obtained different bounds on graviton mass using single cluster data as well as stacking galaxy catalogs. We review these recent limits on graviton mass using galaxy clusters obtained using disparate methods.
Results of gravitational lensing and primordial gravitational waves from the POLARBEAR experiment
Authors: Chinone Y , Adachi S , Ade PAR , Aguilar M , Akiba Y , Arnold K , Baccigalupi C , Barron D , Beck D , Beckman S , Bianchini F , Boettger D , Borrill J , ElBouhargani H , Carron J , Chapman S , Cheung K , Crowley K , Cukierman A , Dünner R , Dobbs M , Ducout A , Elleflot T , Errard J , Fabbian G , Feeney S M , Feng C , Fujino T , Galitzki N , Gilbert A , Goeckner-Wald N , Groh J , Groh J C , Hall G , Halverson N , Hamada T , Hasegawa M , Hazumi M , Hill C A , Howe L , Inoue Y , Jaehnig G , Jaffe A H , Jeong O , LeJeune M , Kaneko D , Katayama N , Keating B , Keskitalo R , Kikuchi S , Kisner T , Krachmalnicoff N , Kusaka A , Lee A T , Leitch E M , Leon D , Linder E , Lowry L N , Mangu A , Matsuda F , Matsumura T , Minami Y , Montgomery J , Navaroli M , Nishino H , Paar H , Peloton J , Pham ATP , Poletti D , Puglisi G , Reichardt C L , Richards P L , Ross C , Segawa Y , Sherwin B D , Silva-Feaver M , Siritanasak P , Stebor N , Stompor R , Suzuki A , Tajima O , Takakura S , Takatori S , Tanabe D , Teply G P , Tomaru T , Tsai C , Tucker C , Verges C , Westbrook B , Whitehorn N , Zahn A , Zhou Y
Published: March 2020

POLARBEAR is a Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) polarization experiment that is located in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The scientific goals of the experiment are to characterize the B-mode signal from gravitational lensing, as well as to search for B-mode signals created by primordial gravitational waves (PGWs). Polarbear started observations in 2012 and has published a series of results. These include the first measurement of a nonzero B-mode angular auto-power spectrum at sub-degree scales where the dominant signal is gravitational lensing of the CMB. In addition, we have achieved the first measurement of crosscorrelation between the lensing potential, which was reconstructed from the CMB polarization data alone by Polarbear, and the cosmic shear field from galaxy shapes by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. In 2014, we installed a continuously rotating half-wave plate (CRHWP) at the focus of the primary mirror to search for PGWs and demonstrated the control of low-frequency noise. We have found that the low-frequency B-mode power in the combined dataset with the Planck high-frequency maps is consistent with Galactic dust foreground, thus placing an upper limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0.90 at the 95% confidence level after marginalizing over the foregrounds.
Dark matter signals on laser interferometer
Authors: Tsuchida Satoshi , Kanda Nobuyuki , Itoh Yousuke , Mori Masaki
Published: March 2020

WIMPs are promising dark matter candidates. When WIMPs collide with a mirror equipped with interferometric gravitational wave detectors, we expect that characteristic motions of the pendulum and mirror are excited, and those signals could be extracted by highly sophisticated sensors developed for gravitational wave detection. We analyze the motions of the pendulum and mirror, and estimate the detectability of these motions. For the “Thin-ET” detector, the signal to noise ratio may be

1.7

(

m

DM

100

GeV

)

, where m
DM is the mass of a WIMP. We may set a more strict upper limit on the cross section between a WIMP and a nucleon than the limits obtained by other experiments so far when m
DM is approximately lower than 0.2 GeV. We find an order of magnitude improvement in the upper limit around m
DM = 0.2 GeV.
Exploring Dark Matter, Neutrino mass and flavour anomalies in L

μ
– L

τ
model
Authors: Mohanta Rukmani , Singirala Shivaramakrishna , Sahoo Suchismita
Published: March 2020

We investigate Majorana dark matter in a new variant of U(1)
Lμ
– Lτ

gauge extension of Standard Model, containing three additional neutral fermions Ne, Nμ, Nτ
, along with a (

3
¯

, 1, 1/3) scalar Leptoquark (SLQ) and an inert doublet, to study the phenomenology of dark matter, neutrino mass generation and flavour anomalies on a single platform. The lightest mass eigenstate of the Nμ, Nτ
neutral fermions plays the role of dark matter. We compute the WIMP-nucleon cross section in leptoquark portal and the relic density mediated by inert doublet components, leptoquark and the new Z′ boson. We constrain the parameter space consistent with Planck limit on relic density, PIC0-60 and LUX bounds on spin-dependent direct detection cross section. We also discuss about the neutrino mass generation at one-loop level and the viable parameter region to explain current neutrino oscillation data. The Z′ gauge boson of extended U(1) symmetry and the SLQ play an important role in settling the known issues of flavor sector.
Search for Dark Matter in Upsilon Decays at BABAR Experiment
Authors: Godang Romulus
Published: March 2020

Recent investigations have suggested that the singlet six-quark combination uuddss may be a deeply bound state S, called Sexaquark. An essentially stable state S is a potentially excellent Dark Matter candidate. We present the first search for a stable, doubly strange six-quark state in the decays of

ϒ
(
4
S
)
→
Λ

Λ
¯

. Based on a data sample of ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) decays collected by the BABAR Experiment we report the most recent results and set stringent limits on the existence of such exotic particle.
Dark Matter searches through cross-correlations of gamma rays with neutral-hydrogen intensity mapping
Authors: Pinetti Elena
Published: March 2020

In this work we derive the first theoretical prediction of the cross-correlation signal between the unresolved gamma-ray background and the 21-cm line originated by the spin-flip transition of neutral hydrogen atoms, by taking as benchmark experiment the space telescope Fermi-LAT for gamma rays and the next-generation radio telescope Square Kilometer Array (SKA) as well as its precursor MeerKAT for the 21-cm emission. The attainable bounds in the dark matter (DM) parameter space are envisioned to be competitive already with the combination Fermi-LAT × MeerKAT, but SKA will allow to go deeper and probe a thermal DM particle up to masses of 130 GeV. A future gamma-ray detector with better angular resolution and larger exposure together with an ungraded radio telescope will have the potentiality to probe a DM candidate with thermal annihilation cross-section and masses up to the TeV scale.
Study of luminescence mechanism by neutral bremsstrahlung in gaseous argon
Authors: Takeda T , Tanaka M , Yorita K
Published: March 2020

Secondary scintillation light (S2 signal) has been used for direct dark matter search in two-phase detectors because of its appealing characters. In general, electrons extracted from the liquid phase of two-phase detectors produce excimers in the gaseous phase that emit a VUV (vacuum ultraviolet) S2 signal. However, recent research suggests that the S2 signal in argon has another luminescence mechanism called "neutral bremsstrahlung". In this work, detailed measurements of neutral-bremsstrahlung-induced -S2 -signal (and also VUV S2 signal) in argon are reported.
Local shower age and segmented slope parameters of lateral density distributions of cosmic ray shower particles
Authors: Dey Rajat K.
Published: March 2020

The paper describes lateral density distributions of electrons and muons of cosmic ray extensive air showers (EAS) in the energy regime of the KASCADE experiment. Potential EAS observables are extracted while some suitable lateral distribution functions are introduced to describe these lateral density distributions of simulated/observed cosmic ray showers. Mass-sensitivity of these parameters are demonstrated particularly for the KASCADE electron and muon distributions data. Our studies indicate that the KASCADE data favours an idea of gradual change of cosmic ray mass composition from lighter concentration to heavier concentration in terms of these parameters.
Equation of state for quark matter with strong magnetic field and hybrid stars
Authors: Endo Tomoki , Sotani Hajime , Tatsumi Toshitaka
Published: March 2020

Our previous studies indicate that quark matter in the states of the lowest Landau level of a strong magnetic field must be described by a stiffer equation of state and a mass for the hybrid star that easily rises above 2M⊙. In contrast, the inclusion of higher Landau levels may permit a softer equation of state. Because this general scenario seems to be complex, as a first step, we look into introducing only the second Landau level to elicit trends. We find that to sustain a heavy star of mass 2M⊙, the equation of state must remain sufficiently stiff. We also discuss the mass-radius relation for these hybrid stars in the light of recent observations.
Diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic rays in low-Mach galaxy cluster shocks.
Authors: Marle Allard Jan van
Published: March 2020

Astrophysical shocks are known to accelerate particles to high relativistic velocities. This process requires the particles to repeatedly cross the shock, a process that can only occur if the particle is reflected by the local magnetic field. Such particles are observed on Earth as cosmic rays. This phenomenon has been studied in considerable detail for high-Mach shocks, such as the shocks that occur in colliding stellar winds and supernova explosions, but remains relatively unexplored for low-Mach shocks, such as the shocks of colliding clusters of galaxies. Recent simulations using the particle-in-cell (PIC) method have shown that, depending on the exact Mach number, even low-Mach shocks can accelerate charged particles to the point where they start to deviate from the thermal velocity distribution. However, the computationally intensive nature of the PIC calculations makes it difficult to continue the simulations to determine whether the particles can reach relativistic speeds. We now present new simulations, using a combined PIC and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) technique. This model, which takes advantage of the computational efficiency of MHD, allows us to simulate a much larger physical volume and study the behaviour of the particles over a longer period of time in order to determine to what extent the acceleration process continues and whether these shocks are capable of contributing to the cosmic ray spectrum.
Experimental Aspects of Nuclear Matrix Elements for Double Beta Decays and Astro Neutrinos
Authors: Ejiri Hiroyas
Published: March 2020

We report briefly recent experimental studies of nuclear responses (square of nuclear matrix element NME) for astro-neutrinos and double beta decays (DBDs) by single EC/β decays, charge exchange reactions (CERs) and ordinary muou captures (OMCs). The NMEs are shown to be uniformly reduced with respect to quasi-particle and pnQRPA NMEs in wide multipole and momentum regions. The reduction is expressed by the quenching coefficient

g
A

e
f
f

/

g
A

. Impact of the reduction on astro-neutrino and DBD studies is discussed.
A new neutrinoless double beta decay experiment: R2D2
Authors: Jollet Cécile
Published: March 2020

The search for neutrinoless double beta decay could cast light on one critical piece missing in our knowledge i.e. the nature of the neutrino mass. Its observation is indeed the most sensitive experimental way to prove that neutrino is a Majorana particle. The observation of such a potentially rare process demands a detector with an excellent energy resolution, an extremely low radioactivity and a large mass of emitter isotope. Nowadays many techniques are pursued but none of them meets all the requirements at the same time. The goal of R2D2 is to prove that a spherical high pressure TPC could meet all the requirements and provide an ideal detector for the 0vββ decay search. In the presented talk the R2D2 goal and preliminary results are presented as well as the project roadmap.
Study of a Large CaF2(Eu) Scintillating Bolometer for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Authors: Li X , Kwon D H , Tetsuno K , Kim I , Kim H L , Lee H J , Yoshida S , Kim Y H , Lee M K , Umehara S , Kishimoto T
Published: March 2020

Scintillating bolometer is a powerful tool to search neutrinoless double beta decay. We established a large scintillating bolometer using a 312 g CaF2(Eu) crystal with a readout technology of metallic magnetic calorimeters. A set of successful measurements were carried out for simultaneous detection for heat and light signals at 10-40 mK in an above-ground laboratory. We found large light signals with clear difference in scintillation yields between electron- and alpha-induced events. The comparison of relative amplitudes of heat and light signals obtained about 10 σ discrimination power. We also found the heat signals experiencing strong position dependence from the event location. This position dependence can be interpreted by the spin-lattice interaction of paramagnetic Eu ions in the CaF2 crystal.
Light sterile neutrinos: the current picture from neutrino oscillations
Authors: Gariazzo Stefano
Published: March 2020

Light sterile neutrinos with a mass around 1 eV have been studied for many years as a possible explanation of the so called short-baseline neutrino oscillation anomalies. Recently, several neutrino oscillation experiments reported preferences for non-zero values of the mixing angles and squared mass differences for active-sterile mixing, which however are not always in agreement. I will review our current knowledge on the light sterile neutrino in the 3+1 model, starting with a separate discussion on the status of the most relevant searches and then analyzing the problems that arise when combining different probes in a global fit.
The New CERN Low-energy Facilities for Neutrino Detector Tests
Authors: Bernhard J. , Charitonidis N. , Banerjee D. , Brugger M. , Chatzidaki P. , D’ Alessandro G.L. , van Dijk M. , Gatignon L. , Gerbershagen A. , Montbarbon E. , Rae B. , Rosenthal M. , Veit B. M.
Published: March 2020

The beamlines at CERN’s North and East Areas offer secondary beams in a wide range of momenta between 0.5 GeV/c and 400 GeV/c for fixed-target experiments as well as for test beam campaigns with a flexible configuration and variable beam composition and intensities. Recently, two new facilities for neutrino detectors tests have been established in an extension of the CERN North Area in context of the CERN Neutrino Platform project. These new tertiary beams extend the current capabilities of the H2 and H4 beamlines towards lower momenta in the range of 0.3 GeV/c to 12 GeV/c, respectively 7 GeV/c, and currently serve the two ProtoDUNE prototype detectors. In addition, a complete overhaul of the CERN East Area is underway, which will provide secondary beams with momenta of up to 15 GeV/c (T9 beam) and 12 GeV/c (T10 beam). New beam optics and an optimised design will allow for electron, hadron and muon beams with high purity. We discuss the layout and performance of both North and East Area beamlines as well as the available infrastructure for the neutrino detector community.
Scintillation balloon for liquid scintillator base Neutrinoless double beta decay search experiments
Authors: Obara S , Gando Y , Ishidoshihro K
Published: March 2020

A liquid scintillator base experiment KamLAND-Zen has set a lower limit on neutrinoless double beta decay half-life, and upgrade project KamLAND-Zen 800 has started in 2019. Unfortunately this project expects some backgrounds, and one of the main backgrounds is β/γ-ray from 214Bi in container of xenon loaded liquid scintillator (mini-balloon). In order to reject the background, we suggest using scintillation film for the future mini-balloon. If we can tag α-ray from 214Po by scintillation detection, we can eliminate 214Bi events by delayed coincidence analysis.

Recently, it was reported that polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) can be used as a scintillator with blue photon emission. PEN has chemical compatibility for strong solvent, thus it has a possibility to use in liquid scintillator. In this presentation, we will mention the results for feasibility studies about transparency and emission spectra, light yield, radioactivity, strength of film etc.. We also show the test-sized scintillation balloon with an 800-mm diameter and discussions about how to use the scintillation balloon in KamLAND.