bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Lassa virus live attenuated vaccine candidate that is safe and efficacious in guinea pigs
Authors: Carey Brian D. , Yu Shuiqing , Geiger Jillian , Ye Chengjin , Huzella Louis M. , Reeder Rebecca J. , Mehta Monika , Hirsch Shawn , Bernbaum Rebecca , Cubitt Beatrice , Pahar Bapi , Anthony Scott M. , Marketon Anthony , Bernbaum John G. , Tran Julie P. , Crozier Ian , Martínez-Sobrido Luis , Worwa Gabriella , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Kuhn Jens H.
Published: November 2024

Lassa virus (LASV) is a rodent-borne mammarenavirus that causes tens to hundreds of thousands of human infections annually in Western Africa. Approximately 20% of these infections progress to Lassa fever (LF), an acute disease with case–fatality rates from ≈20–70%. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or specific therapeutics to prevent or treat LF. The LASV genome consists of a small (S) segment that has two genes, GP and NP, and a large (L) segment that has two genes, L and Z. In both segments, the two genes are separated by non-coding intergenic regions (IGRs). Recombinant LASVs (rLASVs), in which the L segment IGR was replaced with the S segment IGR or in which the GP gene was codon-deoptimized, lost fitness in vitro, were highly attenuated in vivo, and, when used as vaccines, protected domesticated guinea pigs from otherwise lethal LASV exposure. Here, we report the generation of rLASV/IGR-CD, which includes both determinants of attenuation and further enhances the safety of the vaccine compared with its predecessors. rLASV/IGR-CD grew to high titers in Vero cells, which are approved for human vaccine production, but did not cause signs of disease or pathology in guinea pigs. Importantly, guinea pigs vaccinated with rLASV/IGR-CD were completely protected from disease and death after a typically lethal exposure to wild-type LASV. Our data support the development of rLASV/IGR-CD as a live-attenuated LF vaccine with stringent safety features.
Effects of tirzepatide on circulatory overload and end-organ damage in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity: a secondary analysis of the SUMMIT trial
Authors: Borlaug Barry A. , Zile Michael R. , Kramer Christopher M. , Baum Seth J. , Hurt Karla , Litwin Sheldon E. , Murakami Masahiro , Ou Yang , Upadhyay Navneet , Packer Milton
Published: November 2024

Patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) display circulatory volume expansion and pressure overload contributing to cardiovascular–kidney end-organ damage. In the SUMMIT trial, patients with HFpEF and obesity were randomized to the long-acting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide (n = 364, 200 women) or placebo (n = 367, 193 women). As reported separately, tirzepatide decreased cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure. Here, in this mechanistic secondary analysis of the SUMMIT trial, tirzepatide treatment at 52 weeks, as compared with placebo, reduced systolic blood pressure (estimated treatment difference (ETD) −5 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) −7 to −3; P < 0.001), decreased estimated blood volume (ETD −0.58 l, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.52; P < 0.001) and reduced C-reactive protein levels (ETD −37.2%, 95% CI −45.7 to −27.3; P < 0.001). These changes were coupled with an increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ETD 2.90 ml min−1 1.73 m−2 yr−1, 95% CI 0.94 to 4.86; P = 0.004), a decrease in urine albumin–creatinine ratio (ETD 24 weeks, −25.0%, 95% CI −36 to −13%; P < 0.001; 52 weeks, −15%, 95% CI −28 to 0.1; P = 0.051), a reduction in N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide levels (ETD 52 weeks −10.5%, 95% CI −20.7 to 1.0%; P = 0.07) and a reduction in troponin T levels (ETD 52 weeks −10.4%, 95% CI −16.7 to −3.6; P = 0.003). In post hoc exploratory analyses, decreased estimated blood volume with tirzepatide treatment was significantly correlated with decreased blood pressure, reduced microalbuminuria, improved Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score and increased 6-min walk distance. Moreover, decreased C-reactive protein levels were correlated with reduced troponin T levels and improved 6-min walk distance. In conclusion, tirzepatide reduced circulatory volume–pressure overload and systemic inflammation and mitigated cardiovascular–kidney end-organ injury in patients with HFpEF and obesity, providing new insights into the mechanisms of benefit from tirzepatide. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04847557.
A comparative study of mono ethylene glycol economic production via different techniques
Authors: Shehata Walaa M. , Nady Taha G. , Gad Fatma K. , Shoaib Abeer M. , Bhran Ahmed A.
Published: November 2024

Mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) is a high-volume chemical intermediate used as a raw material for a variety of chemical products. It could also be used as a hydrate inhibitor in natural gas. Recently, the importance of MEG has been increased due to its usage as a supporting emulsifier in diesel engines to reduce NOx and soot emissions, in addition to its usage as an additive to dual fuel diesel engines. The increase consumption of MEG in wide range of applications leads to the search for the most efficient, environmental friendly and cost effective technique to produce more quantities of it. MEG is most commonly manufactured via the hydration of ethylene oxide (EO). In this work, two different technologies of EO hydration to produce MEG are compared; the direct hydration of EO with water and the indirect hydration through the usage of ethylene carbonate (EC) as an intermediate. Comparative economic and environmental impact assessments were performed based on plant-scale simulations (per 600,000 tons per year of MEG produced) of the two hydration technologies using Aspen HYSYS version 11 simulation software. Economic analysis showed that the utilities’ energy consumption for direct hydration process is significantly higher than for indirect hydration by 279 megawatts. On the other hand, the environmental impact assessments showed that GHG emissions from natural gas power generation from utilities from direct hydration are three times greater than GHG emissions from indirect hydration. This leads to indirect hydration of ethylene oxide through ethylene carbonate formation being considered economically and environmentally preferable compared to the direct hydration process of ethylene oxide.
Interactions between the fovea and the periphery shape misbinding of visual features in a continuous report paradigm
Authors: Crayen Max Arwed , Treue Stefan , Esghaei Moein
Published: November 2024

Human object perception depends on the proper integration of multiple visual features, such as color and motion. When features are integrated incorrectly, they are perceptually misbound and can cause illusions. This study investigates the phenomenon of continuous misbinding of color and motion features in peripheral vision, addressing the role of spatial continuity and color configuration in binding processes. Using a novel continuous report task, human subjects reported the perceived movement direction of color-coded dots in the peripheral visual field that were either congruent or incongruent with a foveal stimulus. Results indicate that spatial continuity is crucial for feature misbinding, with a marked decrease in peripheral perceptions bound to match foveal perception when the foveal and peripheral stimuli are spatially disjointed. Additionally, performance improved significantly when peripheral and foveal features were aligned, suggesting a ‘positive illusion’ effect where congruent features enhance perceptual accuracy. This effect was independent of the color pairings used, challenging the notion that color processing discrepancies might drive erroneous perception in this stimulus. These findings highlight the complex interplay between spatial configuration and perceptual accuracy in visual feature integration, with implications for understanding the neural basis of vision and developing applications to address perceptual inaccuracies in visual disorders.
A post-hoc analysis of risk factors for poor quality of life after surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis
Authors: Sircar Krishnan , Jochimsen Dorothee , Meyer-Schwickerath Charlotte , Jung Norma , Kernich Nikolaus , Eysel Peer , Yagdiran Ayla
Published: November 2024

Patient-reported outcome measures for quality of life (QoL) like the Oswestry-Disability-Index (ODI) are useful for a quick, comprehensive and comparable evaluation of spondylodiscitis treatment. While it is known that even after successful surgical treatment, the QoL of spondylodiscitis patients remains below that of the general population, risk factors for a poor outcome have not been described so far. We did a retrospective post-hoc analysis of 130 surgically treated spondylodiscitis patients from 2008 to 2022. Biographical, clinical und QoL data were prospectively collected before (T0) and one year (T1) after surgery. The primary outcome was QoL at T1. Patients were grouped according to their ODI score at T1 (Group 1: ODI < 35, favorable QoL; Group 2: ODI ≥ 35, poor QoL) and analyzed for risk factors present at T0. Poor QoL at T1 occurred in 51 patients (39%). Multivariate analysis identified a higher preoperative leg pain (odds ratio: 1.2) and the presence of a malignant disease (odds ratio: 1.9) as independent preoperative risk factors for a poor QoL at T1. Spondylodiscitis patients with malignancy and/or preoperative leg pain may be at increased risk for poor QoL after surgical treatment. These results can be used to individualize patient information and provide a better assessment of prognosis before surgery.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of blood level of MCP-1/CCL-2 in severe and uncomplicated malaria
Authors: Kotepui Manas , Kwankaew Pattamaporn , Mahittikorn Aongart , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Wattanapisit Apichai , Wilairatana Polrat
Published: November 2024

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) or C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL-2) is a key chemokine implicated in the inflammatory response to malaria. The objective of the study was to synthesize the evidence on variations in MCP-1/CCL-2 levels in relation to Plasmodium spp. infections and the severity of malaria. The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42024565867). To identify relevant studies, a comprehensive search strategy was conducted using major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Medline, Journals@Ovid, and Nursing & Allied Health Premium. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists were used to determine the risk of bias in selected studies. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD, Hedge’s g) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the random-effects model. Thirty-three studies, with a total of 6,804 participants enrolled, were included in the systematic review. Most studies (60.6%) were published between 2010 and 2019; the majority (57.6%) were conducted in Africa. The predominant Plasmodium species studied was P. falciparum (66.7%). The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in MCP-1/CCL-2 levels between Plasmodium-infected and uninfected individuals (P: 0.16, SMD: 0.99, 95% CI: -0.39–2.37, I2: 97.2%, number of participants: 2140). Subgroup analysis found an increase in MCP-1/CCL-2 levels in children with Plasmodium infections, with no heterogeneity observed (I2: 0%). Subgroup analysis found no difference in MCP-1/CCL-2 levels between P. falciparum-infected participants and uninfected participants, as well as between P. falciparum or non-P. falciparum-infected participants and uninfected participants. The meta-analysis revealed significantly higher MCP-1/CCL-2 levels in participants with severe Plasmodium infections compared to those with non-severe malaria (P: 0.04, SMD: 1.51, 95% CI: 0.06–2.95, I2: 98.5%, number of participants: 1371). The systematic review and meta-analysis suggest no statistically significant difference in MCP-1/CCL-2 levels in participants with Plasmodium infections overall. However, there was a significant increase in MCP-1/CCL-2 levels in patients with severe malaria. These findings suggest that MCP-1/CCL-2 may have potential as a prognostic biomarker for severe malaria. Future research should focus on large-scale, well-designed studies to validate the role of MCP-1/CCL-2 in malaria and further explore its prognostic potential.
How sociodemographic factors relate to trust in artificial intelligence among students in Poland and the United Kingdom
Authors: Kozak Jarosław , Fel Stanisław
Published: November 2024

The article aims to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with the level of trust in artificial intelligence (AI) based on cross-sectional research conducted in late 2023 and early 2024 on a sample of 2098 students in Poland (1088) and the United Kingdom (1010). In the times of AI progressively penetrating people’s everyday life, it is important to identify the sociodemographic predictors of trust in this increasingly dynamically developing technology. The theoretical framework for the article is the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), which highlights the significance of sociodemographic variables as predictors of trust in AI. We performed a multivariate ANOVA and regression analysis, comparing trust in AI between students from Poland and the UK to identify the significant predictors of trust in this technology. The significant predictors of trust were nationality, gender, length of study, place of study, religious practices, and religious development. There is a need for research into the sociodemographic factors of trust in AI and for expanding the UTAUT to include new variables.
Targeting ErbB and tankyrase1/2 prevent the emergence of drug-tolerant persister cells in ALK-positive lung cancer
Authors: Fujimura Takaaki , Furugaki Koh , Mizuta Hayato , Muraoka Satoshi , Nishio Makoto , Adachi Jun , Uchibori Ken , Miyauchi Eisaku , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Katayama Ryohei , Yoshiura Shigeki
Published: November 2024

Targeting the drug tolerant persister (DTP) state in cancer cells should prevent further development of resistance mechanisms. This study explored combination therapies to inhibit alectinib-induced DTP cell formation from anaplastic lymphoma kinase–positive non-small cell lung cancer (ALK + NSCLC) patient–derived cells. After drug-screening 3114 compounds, pan-HER inhibitors (ErbB pathway) and tankyrase1/2 inhibitors (Wnt/β-catenin signaling) emerged as top candidates to inhibit alectinib-induced DTP cells growth. We confirmed knockdown of both TNKS1/2 in DTP cells recovered the sensitivity to alectinib. Further, our study suggested knockdown of TNKS1/2 increased stability of Axin1/2, which induced β-catenin degradation and decreased its nuclear translocation, thereby suppressing transcription of antiapoptotic and proliferation-related genes (survivin, c-MYC). Targeting both pathways with alectinib+pan-HER inhibitor and alectinib+TNKS1/2 inhibitor suppressed alectinib-induced DTP cells, and the triple combination almost completely prevented the appearance of DTP cells. In conclusion, combination with ALK-TKI, pan-HER and TNKS1/2 inhibitors has the potential to prevent the emergence of DTP in ALK + NSCLC.
Platypus fyke-netting methods: a review of recommended field protocols and options for assessing population abundance
Authors: Serena Melody , Williams Geoff A. , Bloink Chris , Dekkers Dana
Published: November 2024

Fyke nets are the preferred type of equipment used for platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) live-trapping surveys in shallow watercourses. However, numerous factors other than abundance may affect the frequency of platypus captures, including when, where and how nets are set, stream discharge and entry into nets by rakali (Hydromys chrysogaster), which create exit holes that are then also available to a platypus. A threefold difference in the mean monthly frequency of platypus captures in fyke nets is also evident across the year. To limit net evasion, it makes sense to reduce net visibility and minimise opportunities for animals to squeeze under, climb over or walk around nets. Time-lapse cameras can also be deployed at fyke-netting sites to estimate how many individuals evade capture. To protect platypus welfare and the welfare of non-target species held in fyke nets, it is important to ensure that captured animals have access to air, to check nets frequently throughout the time they are set and to release bycatch when first encountered. Fyke-netting studies typically generate sparse platypus population data, so care is needed when selecting and interpreting platypus abundance metrics generated through mark–recapture modelling or use of indices.
Liquid Hopfield model: Retrieval and localization in multicomponent liquid mixtures
Authors: Braz Teixeira Rodrigo , Carugno Giorgio , Neri Izaak , Sartori Pablo
Published: November 2024

Biological mixtures, such as the cellular cytoplasm, are composed of a large number of different components. From this heterogeneity, ordered mesoscopic structures emerge, such as liquid phases with controlled composition. The competition of these structures for the same components raises several questions: what types of interactions allow the retrieval of multiple ordered mesoscopic structures, and what are the physical limitations for the retrieval of said structures. In this work, we develop an analytically tractable model for multicomponent liquids capable of retrieving states with target compositions. We name this model the liquid Hopfield model in reference to corresponding work in the theory of associative neural networks. In this model, we show that nonlinear repulsive interactions are a general requirement for retrieval of target structures. We demonstrate that this is because liquid mixtures at low temperatures tend to transition to phases with few components, a phenomenon that we term localization. Taken together, our results reveal a trade-off between retrieval and localization phenomena in liquid mixtures, and pave the way for other connections between the phenomenologies of neural computation and liquid mixtures.
Exploring synergies between GnP and fiber orientation in enhancing mechanical, thermomechanical, and shape memory properties of carbon fiber polymer composites
Authors: Gupta Ritesh , Deshmukh Mansi , Mittal Gaurav
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the mechanical, thermomechanical, and shape memory properties across 12 configurations of shape memory hybrid composites, varying in carbon fiber orientation: uni-directional (UD), bi-directional-Twill (BDT), and bi-directional-Plain (BDP), and graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) weight percentages of 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% elucidate the synergistic effects of fiber architecture and nanomaterial reinforcement. The fabrication process involves initially preparing GnP-modified epoxy nanocomposites through ultrasonication followed by hand layup techniques to fabricate three-phase shape memory hybrid composites. Optimal tensile performance is observed in GnP-modified UD composites at a 0.6 wt% concentration, achieving a tensile strength of 728.32 MPa and a modulus of 71.29 GPa. Furthermore, enhancements in thermomechanical and shape memory properties are noted in GnP-modified BDT composites and are further improved in GnP-modified BDP composites configurations. These improvements are attributed to enhanced interfacial bonding between the polymer and fiber, with the maximum effect observed at the 0.6 wt% BDP composite, validated by morphological analysis using field emission scanning electron microscopy FESEM. The study demonstrates that despite polymer modification, all configurations maintain high shape recovery ratios, particularly notable at 97.54% for 0.6 wt% GnP modified BDP composite, exceeding 90% across all configurations, indicating robust performance in shape memory capabilities.
First demonstration of a self-aligned p-channel GaN back gate injection transistor
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Huang Sen , Jiang Qimeng , Liu Jiaolong , Wang Xinhua , Liu Wen , Wang Liu , Shi Jingyuan , Fan Jie , Gao Xinguo , Yin Haibo , Wei Ke , Liu Xinyu
Published: November 2024

In this study, we present the development of self-aligned p-channel GaN back gate injection transistors (SA-BGITs) that exhibit a high ON-state current. This achievement is primarily attributed to the conductivity modulation effect of the 2-D electron gas (2DEG, the back gate) beneath the 2-D hole gas (2DHG) channel. SA-BGITs with a gate length of 1 μm have achieved an impressive peak drain current (I
D,MAX) of 9.9 mA/mm. The fabricated SA-BGITs also possess a threshold voltage of 0.15 V, an exceptionally minimal threshold hysteresis of 0.2 V, a high switching ratio of 107, and a reduced ON-resistance (R
ON) of 548 Ω·mm. Additionally, the SA-BGITs exhibit a steep sub-threshold swing (SS) of 173 mV/dec, further highlighting their suitability for integration into GaN logic circuits.
Chalcogenide perovskites—challenges, status, and future prospects
Authors: Kannan Pidugu Kesavan , Anandkumar Mariappan , Bhavani Gopal
Published: November 2024

Perovskites dominate the photovoltaic research community over the last two decades due to its very high absorption coefficient, electron and hole mobility. However, most of the reported solar cells constitute organic perovskites which offer very high efficiency but are highly unstable. Chalcogenide perovskites like BaZrS3, CaZrS3, etc. promise to be a perfect alternate owing to its high stability and mobilities. But, till now no stable photovoltaic device has been successfully fabricated using these materials and the existing challenges present in the synthesis of such perovskites are discussed. Also, the basic thermodynamic aspects that are essential for formation of BaZrS3 are discussed. An extensive review on the precedent literatures and the future direction in the BaZrS3 photovoltaic device research is clearly given.
Innovative 3D reconstruction in oral and sinus surgery using advanced printing technologies
Authors: Pisla Daria , Eftimie Sorana , Hedesiu Mihaela , Rotaru Horatiu , Bulbucan Vasile , Vaida Calin , Radeanu Doinel , Roman Raluca
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to provide an innovative approach to develop novel three-dimensional models of the paranasal sinuses in order to increase the surgical efficiency in oral and sinus surgery. The anatomic models are made from materials with special mechanical properties that mimic real human structures. The models can be used for pre-planning and training in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The data from the CBCT (Cone beam computed tomography) scan was exported as an STL (stereolithography) file and then processed for 3D printing. A two-stage approach was used, firstly printing the sinus cavity as a rigid model to assess the geometric accuracy of the 3D reconstruction, and secondly a multi-material model with elastic properties encompassing the sinus structures as a hollow volume inside a parallelepipedal model. The preliminary tests using FESS instruments showed promising results towards the final goal to achieve an anatomic replica of the oral and sinus areas in terms of geometry and tissue elastic behaviour.
Effect of the electric field on human cells: from in vitro response to in vivo feedback
Authors: Portan Diana V.
Published: November 2024

Experimental observations of human cells feedback to an electric field are presented, followed by a debate based on literature sources on implications of the electromagnetic fields generated by modern devices on the human health. While focus is usually on electromagnetic fields negative effects, the importance of having an appropriate bioelectric environment for the body and its crucial role in the in vitro studies are neglected. To enable progress, the merging of laboratory and clinical investigations is the solution to finding prevention, protection and treatment methods against the negative effects produced by electromagnetic fields.
Study upon the influence of mobile phone protective case on SAR distribution
Authors: Oprea Petronela-Camelia , Păuleț Marius , Sălceanu Alexandru
Published: November 2024

The article presents a series of simulations performed with CST Studio software, using the Hugo male model, a member of CST Voxel Family. These simulations aim to study the effect that the conductivity (thermal and electrical) of the phone protective case might have on the SAR distribution. In the first part, details are presented on how to understand and use the SAR parameter, on how CST Studio simulates it, complementary with the method of delivery of the obtained data. All 6 communication ports of the available phone model have been tested, 4 of them intended for 2G, 2G+, 3G, 4G mobile phone technologies, the other 2 being dedicated to the two Wi-Fi standards (2.4 and 5 GHz). The phone has been placed in the left breast pocket (near heart). The SAR values have been compared for three different cases: silicone protective case without conductive foil, with 0.5 mm Aluminum conductive foil, placed between the phone and the case and with foil of the same thickness, but made of Copper. Conclusions have been drawn regarding the SAR reduction percentages as a result of the use of conductive foils. A recommendation regarding an efficient and accessible solution for designing and making phone protective cases has been issued.
Spectrogram based Wi-Fi usage activity classification using deep learning
Authors: Sarbu Annamaria , Șuhani Simion , Șorecău Mirela , Șorecău Emil
Published: November 2024

The article presents and characterizes the ability of a neural network to distinguish between different Wi-Fi activities based on their distinct spectral features. To achieve this objective, we have built a database containing spectrogram images retrieved by over-the-air measurements of signals emitted in 802.11ax Wi-Fi networks deployed in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. The dataset consists of spectrograms labeled by six distinct user activities, namely file download, speed test, video streaming, file upload, video call, and voice over IP call (VoIP). The network training parameters such as learning rate and validation frequency were optimized to enhance model performance. The influence of different activation functions, ReLU, leaky ReLU, eluLayer, and swishLayer from Matlab was also evaluated to achieve neural network fine-tunning. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed neural network architecture in accurately classifying Wi-Fi usage patterns, achieving test accuracies above 98%.
HF-NVIS Data Communication: OFDM Transmission Testing and Optimization Strategies
Authors: Șorecău Emil , Șorecău Mirela , Bechet Paul
Published: November 2024

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), a technique that uses frequency division multiplexing to allow parallel transmission of data over multiple subchannels, is widely used in various wireless systems. Its effectiveness even extends to HF links, where it has demonstrated superior performance compared to single-carrier schemes. In addition, OFDM’s robustness to multipath fading and its ability to efficiently utilize the available bandwidth make it a preferred choice for modern communication systems, but also for scenarios with complex communication links, such as HF range communications. The objective of this experimental research is to analyze and improve the performance of the OFDM technique adapted to HF communication channels. This study is motivated by the lack of a protocol to regulate HF communications using OFDM. The analysis and optimization method starts by considering the fundamental bandwidths of HF channels (ranging from 3 to 24 kHz). For this purpose, OFDM-specific modifications have been analyzed, including changes in the FFT size (representing the number of subcarriers), adjustment of the number and amplitude of pilots, analysis of the impact of packet length modification (pre-OFDM), and evaluation of guard intervals. In essence, our goal is to implement an OFDM technique commonly used in modern data communications in the context of traditional HF communications systems.
The Coloniality of Power in Union Ireland
Authors: O’Neill Ciaran
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the power dynamics within the Union, thinking through power structures at local, urban, and national levels. Drawing from Quijano’s notion of the ‘coloniality of power’, it critically examines the government of Ireland during the early decades of the Union. Who was the state bureaucracy designed by, and how did it evolve? The Irish State has variously been described as chimeric or illegitimate. Here we explore the contours and character of Irish government, its ironies as well as its deficiencies.
Image forgery localization integrating multi-scale and boundary features
Authors: Yang Xinyan , Zhang Rongchuan , Li Shao , Liang Gang
Published: November 2024

Image forgery localization identifies tampered regions within an image by extracting distinctive forgery features. Current methods mainly use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract features. However, CNNs’ limited receptive field emphasizes local features, impeding the global modeling of crucial lower-level features like edges and textures, leading to decreased precision. Moreover, prior methods use pyramid networks for multi-scale feature extraction but show deficiencies in multi-scale and interlayer modeling, leading to inadequate multi-scale information representation and limiting flexibility to tampered regions of varying sizes. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Transformer-based model integrating multi-scale and boundary features. The model employs a Pyramid Vision Transformer as the encoder, using self-attention over convolution to enhance global context modeling. Building on this, the model incorporates a multi-scale feature enhancement module that enriches forgery features by paralleling various convolutional layers. Features at various encoder stages are integrated through a cross-stage interaction module, enabling multi-level feature correlation for a strong feature representation. Furthermore, the model includes a forgery boundary information-guided branch, which focuses precisely on tampered region structures without introducing irrelevant noise. Experiments demonstrate that our model surpasses previous methods in localization accuracy, with F1 and AUC improving by 8.5% and 2.2% in pre-training, respectively.
Testing the efficacy of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as a inundative biological control agent in Western Nebraska
Authors: Cluever Jeffrey D , Peterson Julie A , Wright Robert J , Salgado Astudillo Sara , Swoboda-Bhattarai Katharine , Colombo Da Luz Priscila , Daniel Samantha , Bradshaw Jeffrey D
Published: November 2024

The western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta) is a primary pest of corn and dry edible bean, for which control measures are often warranted. Inundative releases of Trichogramma ostriniae have been used to control lepidopterous pests, such as the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), in eastern North America (e.g., New York, Virginia). However, no prior field studies have assessed T. ostriniae as a biological control agent in the North American Great Plains. Objectives for this study were (i) to determine the suitability of S. albicosta as a host for T. ostriniae and (ii) to assess the feasibility of T. ostriniae as a biological control agent of S. albicosta in Nebraska corn and dry edible bean fields. Dispersal and parasitism were monitored with yellow sticky cards and sentinel egg masses (O. nubilalis, S. albicosta, and Ephestia kuehniella) at 36 locations surrounding a central release point. Trichogramma ostriniae adults tended to be concentrated near the point of release. However, egg parasitism was so low that the minimum rates of T. ostriniae needed for effective control could not be determined. Our evidence indicates that the low parasitism measured in this study may indicate low suitability of T. ostriniae to Western Nebraska and, possibly, the Great Plains.
Optimizing switch placement and status for sustainable grid operation and effective distributed generation integration using the APGSK-IMODE algorithm
Authors: Kamarposhti Mehrdad Ahmadi , Shokouhandeh Hassan , Lee Yeonwoo , Kang Sun-Kyoung , Colak Ilhami , Barhoumi El Manaa
Published: November 2024

The paper examines the critical role of switch placement and optimal maneuver selection in distribution grids to enhance both voltage quality and reliability. It utilizes the Adaptive Parameter Gaining Sharing Knowledge-based Improved Multi-Operator Differential Evolution (APGSK-IMODE) algorithm to determine the optimal locations and statuses of switches for these improvements. Additionally, the impact of integrating distributed generation sources on grid voltage profiles and reliability is assessed. The research evaluates three distinct scenarios: improving voltage profiles, enhancing reliability indices, and achieving simultaneous improvements in both. The results show that integrating distributed generation sources positively impacts voltage profile enhancement and grid reliability, with significant improvements observed postinstallation. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of optimization algorithms demonstrates the superior performance and accuracy of the APGSK-IMODE algorithm over other methods.
Optimization of PSO-BP neural network for short-term wind power prediction
Authors: Miao Lu , Fan Wei , Liu Yu , Qin Yingjie , Chen Deyang , Cui Jiayan
Published: November 2024

This paper uses a back propagation (BP) neural network to predict short-term wind power. Since the initial weights and thresholds of BP neural networks significantly impact their performance, we use the optimized particle swarm optimization (PSO) to obtain the critical parameters of BP neural networks. Specifically, we optimize the PSO to make it easier to get better parameters. The experimental results show that the BP neural network's mean relative error (MRE) is 11.91%, 15.18%, and 8.56%, respectively. In comparison, the MRE of the optimized BP neural network is 5.09%, 7.21%, and 4.44%.
Under cover: the nuanced influence of functional properties of cover on resource selection by pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis)
Authors: Stein Rachel M , Lecigne Bastien , Johnson Timothy R , Eitel Jan U H , Rachlow Janet L
Published: November 2024

Animals at risk of predation select habitat that enhances security from predators. Two properties of cover related to security are concealment (i.e., habitat structure that blocks an individual from detection by others) and visibility (i.e., visual information accessible relative to habitat structure). Although these properties are often negatively correlated, they are not always inverse; animals in habitat with heterogeneous structure may be able to select for both. We investigated habitat use by pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) at 2 scales (patch and microsite) to evaluate the influence of both structural properties of cover and visual properties (concealment and visibility) on habitat use by prey. We contrasted vegetation structure at paired used and unused patches. At each patch, we measured concealment and viewshed (i.e., visibility) in 3 orientations (i.e., aerial, terrestrial, and overall) and structural density using lidar. We also measured heights of the 3 tallest shrubs. Additionally, within used patches, we assessed the density of fecal pellets as an index of intensity of use and also measured distance to nearest burrow. At the patch scale, rabbits selected for structural properties of cover (dense vegetation and tall shrubs), but not visual properties of cover. Pygmy rabbits more intensively used microsites associated with high terrestrial concealment and in proximity to burrows. Our results suggest that pygmy rabbits may perceive greater threat from terrestrial as opposed to aerial predators at both scales, and they also indicate a nuanced relationship between properties of cover and habitat use.
Prognostic factors in localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy and resection: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Javed Ammar A , Habib Alyssar , Mahmud Omar , Fatimi Asad Saulat , Grewal Mahip , Mughal Nabiha , He Jin , Wolfgang Christopher L , Daamen Lois , Besselink Marc G
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Prognostic markers for overall survival (OS) in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are well-established but remain unclear following neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine factors associated with OS following NAT in resected PDAC.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were systematically searched from inception till May 2024. Studies that reported univariable and multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) were included if patients underwent NAT and resection for localized PDAC. Study quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed using generic inverse-variance random-effects models.

Results

Among 2,208 unique articles identified by the search, 92 were included in the meta-analysis. Eighty-five of these were of 'good' and 7 of 'poor' quality. The NAT regimen was described in 84 studies, of which 62 included patients treated with FOLFIRINOX (FFX). Margin status, nodal disease, AJCC T-stage, and normalization of CA19-9 after NAT were prognostic for OS, while age, sex, perineural invasion, baseline tumor size, and baseline CA19-9 were not. The test for subgroup differences between ypN-substages was not significant in the multivariable model. Neoadjuvant FFX was associated with better survival than other regimens.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis identified margin status, nodal disease, AJCC T-stage, and normalization of CA19-9 after NAT as prognostic factors for OS in patients with resected localized PDAC following NAT.
Literary characters and GPT-4: from William Shakespeare to Elena Ferrante
Authors: Abrams Gabriel
Published: November 2024

We prompted GPT-4 (a large language model) to play the Dictator game, a classic behavioral economics experiment, as 148 literary fictional characters from the 17th century to the 21st century. There is a general and mainly monotonic decrease in selfish behavior over time in literary characters. Fifty per cent of the decisions of characters from the 17th century are selfish compared to just 19 per cent from the 21st century. Historical literary characters have a surprisingly strong net positive valence across 2,785 personality traits generated by GPT-4 (3.2× more positive than negative). However, valence varied significantly across centuries. Positive traits were 10× more common than negative in the 21st century, but just 1.8× more common in the 17th century. ‘Empathetic’, ‘fair’, and ‘selfless’, were the most overweight traits in the 20th century. Conversely, ‘manipulative’, ‘ambitious’, and ‘ruthless’ were the most overweight traits in the 17th century. Male characters were more selfish than female characters. The skew was highest in the 17th century, where selfish decisions for male and female were 62 and 20 per cent, respectively. This analysis also offers a quantifiable partial Turing test. The key human-like characteristics of the model are the zero price effect, lack of spitefulness, and altruism. However, the model does not have human sensitivity to relative ordinal position and has significantly lower price elasticity than humans.
KIC 7914906: An eclipsing heartbeat star with tidally excited oscillations and gamma Doradus/delta Scuti hybrid pulsations
Authors: Li Min-Yu , Qian Sheng-Bang , Zhu Li-Ying , Liu Liang , Liao Wen-Ping , Zhao Er-Gang , Shi Xiang-Dong , Li Fu-Xing , Sun Qi-Bin
Published: November 2024

We present the eclipsing heartbeat star KIC 9704906 with tidally excited oscillations (TEOs) and gamma Doradus/delta Scuti hybrid pulsations. The derived parameters show that it has an orbital period of $P = 8.7529108(1)$ d, a high eccentricity of $e = 0.467(3)$, and a high inclination of $i = 78.^{\!\!\!\circ }81(6)$. The mass ratio $q = 0.981(5)$ and relative radii (radius divided by the semi-major axis) $r_1 = 0.0639(2)$ and $r_2 = 0.0715(4)$ indicate that the secondary component has a smaller mass and a larger radius, and may have evolved off the main sequence. The eight derived TEO candidates, $n = 3$, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 40, and 44 harmonics, are consistent with or close to the dominant spherical harmonic $l=2$, $m=0$, or $\pm 2$, assuming that the spin and orbital axes are aligned, and the pulsations are adiabatic and standing waves. We also identify eight independent frequency candidates, but one of them, ${f_{7}}$, is more like a modulation of a quasi-periodic signal and the orbits. According to the g-mode frequencies, we find that the rotation period of one component is 11.52(29) d. Although the masses and radii cannot be further constrained due to the lack of sufficient high-precision spectra, fascinating phenomena in the Fourier spectra are evident and valuable in this system.
Comparison between Ultrasound Guided Femoral Nerve Block versus IPACK Block (Interspace between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Posterior Knee) in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement on Postoperative Ambulation and Pain
Authors: Abdelkhalek Elsayed Elkaranily Abdelrahman Atef , Ali Sultan Sherif Sayed , Hussein Mostafa Mansour , Ahmed Mohammed Haggag Adham Magdy
Published: November 2024

Background

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a well-known popular surgical procedure for knee diseases, including end-stage knee osteoarthritis that causes severe postoperative pain and prolonged immobility. TKR is associated with significant postoperative pain. The need for effective analgesia without compromising function is a priority.

Aim of the Work

The current study aims to assess the IPACK block concerning postoperative ambulation as a primary outcome and analgesic efficacy as a secondary outcome when compared with femoral nerve block following TKR.

Patients and Methods

This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 40 random patients who were scheduled to undergo total knee replacement and were divided into 2 equal groups: Group A: Patients in group A (n = 20) received spinal anesthesia followed by FNB block at the beginning of the operation with 20ml bupivacaine (0.25%) under complete aseptic conditions, Group B: Patients in group B (n = 20) received spinal anesthesia followed by IPACK at the beginning of the operation with 20ml bupivacaine (0.25%) under complete aseptic conditions.

Results

As for the comparison between effect of the IPACK block and FNB regarding ambulation and postoperative pain in TKR, it showed that there is significance regarding ambulation that was delayed in FNB than IPACK using TUG test and 10-min walk test, but regarding VAS score that was used to assess postoperative pain and its intensity, it showed that FNB has more analgesic effect concerning IPACK block with less total analgesics consumption (in mg.) over 24-hour period post-operative.

Conclusion

Our study showed that there was delayed ambulation in FNB than in IPACK using the TUG test and 10-min walk test, but regarding the VAS score that was used to assess postoperative pain and its intensity, it showed that FNB has more analgesic effect concerning IPACK block with less total analgesics consumption (in mg.) over 24-hour period post-operative.
Comparative Study between Corrected Carotid Flow Time, Femoral Arterial Doppler and Aortic Velocity Time Index Assessment in Septic Shock Patients
Authors: Elkawy Elsaed Aboraya Ahmed Abd , Dien Ewais Bahaa El , Abdullah Waleed , Mohamed Ali Rania Magdy , Fouad Amr
Published: November 2024

Background

Septic shock is a serious infectious condition characterized by low blood pressure and multiple organ damage. One of the traditional recommendations is to administer intravenous fluids as the first step to improve blood pressure. However, studies have shown that not every patient benefits from aggressive intravenous hydration. Only about 40% of hypotensive patients with sepsis respond to fluid infusion with improvement in blood pressure and outcomes.

Aim of the Work

to compare between corrected carotid flow time, femoral artery doppler and aortic VTI in fluid responsiveness assessment in septic shock patients.

Patients and Methods

This is prospective, cohort study conducted on 45 Septic shock patients assessed to detect aortic VTI, corrected carotid flow time and femoral artery Doppler to assess fluid responsiveness, patients attended to intensive care unit of Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period from January 2021 to January 2022.

Results

1-Comparative study between corrected carotid flow time, femoral arterial doppler and aortic velocity time index in fluid responsiveness assessment in septic shock patients not differ significantly among sex, age. The vasopressor support Norepinephrine and Dopamine, MV (mechanical ventilation), APACHE II and SOFA, not show any significant changes between the responder and non-responder group. The WBCs, PCT and CRP not show any significant changes between responder and non-responder groups. The hemodynamic parameters HR T0 (beats/min), HR T1 (beats/min), MAP T0 (mm Hg), MAP T1 (mm Hg), PP T0 (mm Hg) and PP T1 (mm Hg) not show any significant changes between responder and no responder groups. The Trans-thoracic echocardiography parameters cleared that, all parameters of Eco that includes LVEF (30 – 49 %) and > 50 %, CO T0 (L/m), CO T1 (L/m), SV T0 (mL), SV T1 (mL), VTIAo T0 (cm) and VTIAo T1 (cm). not differ significantly among responder and non responder groups (P > 0.05) and this variables. While, the VTIAo (%) differ significantly (P < 0.01) between responder and non-responder group. As its level in responder group was 35.34 ± 3.11 and in non-responder group was 8.14±1.15.

Conclusion

Femoral Doppler parameters is a good tool to assess hemodynamic response to PRL in septic shock. The increase in VFmax over 8% and VTIF over 11% are accurate tool to distinguish fluid responders (R) from non-responders (NR) so, it could be taken as an alternative approach to TTE in monitoring fluid responsiveness. In patients with early, undifferentiated shock, ΔCAVTI and %ccFT induced by a PLR maneuver was able to predict fluid responsiveness. It compares favorably with %VTIAo by Echocardiography, with an AUC of 0.88 suggesting that it is an alternative to other methods. Its effectiveness is not affected by mechanical ventilation, respiratory rate, or PEEP >5mmH2O.