bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kompetencja religijna jako element kształcenia publicznego (wyniki badań empirycznych)
Authors: Willems Joachim , Schieder Rolf , Schluss Henning , Benner Dietrich
Published: December 2020

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki dwóch interdyscyplinarnych projektów badawczych zrealizowanych ze środków Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Niemiecka Wspólnota Badawcza) w latach 2005–2010 przez grupę pedagogów i teologów z Uniwersytetu Humboldtów w Berlinie. Ich celem było znalezienie odpowiedzi na dwa pytania: po pierwsze, jak można zdefiniować kompetencję religijną przekazywaną na lekcjach religii w szkołach publicznych i, po drugie, jak powinno się tę kompetencję mierzyć. Rezultatem prac projektowych było opracowanie i walidacja instrumentu umożliwiającego pomiar efektywności nauczania religii na przykładzie ewangelickich lekcji religii w szkołach publicznych.
Janusz Korczak a pieniądze
Authors: Bystrzycka Anna
Published: December 2020

Wśród licznych, ciągle jeszcze nieodkrytych „twarzy” Janusza Korczaka jest również ta dotycząca wychowania ekonomicznego i umiejętności oszczędnego gospodarowania pieniędzmi. Czy Wielki Wychowawca uczył swoich podopiecznych obchodzenia się z pieniędzmi? Czy sam potrafił właściwie zarządzać swoim majątkiem? Czy miał w ogóle coś na własność? Jak wyglądała sytuacja ekonomiczna Domu Sierot, którym przez ponad dwadzieścia lat kierował Korczak? To część pytań, na które starano się odpowiedzieć w tym artykule.W pierwszej części zrekonstruowano osobiste doświadczenia Starego Doktora dotyczące pieniędzy, począwszy od tych sięgających wczesnego dzieciństwa. Podjęto również próbę uzyskania odpowiedzi na pytanie: czego właściwie Korczak dorobił się w ciągu życia? Druga część traktuje o sytuacji materialnej Domu Sierot i jego mieszkańców. W trzeciej podjęto próbę odtworzenia Korczakowskiej idei wychowania ekonomicznego. W czwartej i ostatniej części przestudiowano postawę Korczaka w ekstremalnej sytuacji, jaką było uwięzienie w getcie.
Czynnik metrorytmiczny i melodyczny z zapamiętywanie informacji. Badanie eksperymentalne
Authors: Konieczna-Nowak Ludwika , Dzwonkowska Grażyna
Published: December 2020

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje przebieg i rezultaty badania eksperymentalnego, którego celem było sprawdzenie, czy element muzyczny, w postaci czynnika metrorytmicznego i melodycznego, wpłynie na trafność zapamiętywania przypadkowych ciągów cyfr przez dzieci w wieku szkolnym. Biorące udział w badaniu dzieci (n=33) przypisane zostały losowo do trzech grup. Zadanie postawione przed nimi dotyczyło zapamiętania ciągu przypadkowych cyfr i odnotowania ich w odpowiedniej kolejności. Forma prezentacji informacji do zapamiętania różniła się między grupami: 1) odczyt, 2) zrytmizowany odczyt, 3) śpiew. Analiza wariancji nie wykazała istotnych statystycznie różnic między osiągnięciami grup w zakresie dekodowania podawanych treści, opis ilościowy sugeruje jednak trend na korzyść umuzycznionych form prezentacji.
Metodyka edukacji osób w starszym wieku. Podstawowe wskazówki i zasady
Authors: Kilian Marlena
Published: December 2020

W artykule podjęto temat metodyki nauczania osób w starszym wieku w zakresie: planowania zajęć, określania ich celów, metod, treści, przyswajania wiedzy oraz oceny postępów uczenia się. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono sformułowanym zasadom nauczania seniorów.
Problems of Moral Education Technologies and Methods Implementation in Pedagogical Theory and Practice of Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Yankovych Iryna
Published: December 2020

A comparative analysis of the implementation of the theoretical bases and the practice of moral education technologies and methods in Polish and Ukrainian pedagogy has been conducted in the article. Points of view of Polish and Ukrainian scientists concerning the interpretation of basic terms have been produced. Moral education technology in Ukrainian pedagogical science is a moral education system. In Polish educational science, this technology is the strategy of moral education. It have been determined that in the Polish and Ukrainian pedagogical sciences the technology of moral education is considered to be a wider concept than the method and the methodology. Criteria for moral education technologies have been determined. The importance of educational diagnostics to the development of moral education technologies has been shown. The causes of the weak development of moral education technologies have been cleared up. Prospects for the use of positive ideas in modern educational and moral space have been revealed.
Dzieci w obliczu zmiany klimatu – obraz dziecięcej partycypacji w raportach międzynarodowych organizacji pozarządowych
Authors: Kowalik-Olubińska Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

Zmiana klimatu stanowi największe wyzwanie, przed którym stoi obecnie ludzkość. Skutki tej zmiany ponoszą wszyscy ludzie, a zwłaszcza dzieci mieszkające w najuboższych regionach świata. W tej sytuacji międzynarodowe organizacje pozarządowe podejmują działania, których celem jest adaptacja lokalnych społeczności do zmieniających się warunków ich życia. Autorka dokonuje rekonstrukcji modelu partycypacji dzieci w tych działaniach na podstawie wybranych raportów międzynarodowych organizacji pozarządowych. Zastosowana przez autorkę jakościowa analiza treści raportów ukazuje model partycypacji dzieci nawiązujący w swych podstawach do idei dziecka-aktora społecznego. W modelu tym dzieci wspólnie z dorosłymi i/lub na zmianę z nimi podejmują decyzje i działania, których skutki wpływają na życie pojedynczych osób i całej wspólnoty.
Początkujący nauczyciel przedszkola we wspólnocie zawodowej. Od niepewności ku pełnemu uczestnictwu w socjokulturowych praktykach
Authors: Grochowalska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie społecznego wymiaru uczenia się profesji przez początkującego nauczyciela przedszkola, wagi, jaką w tym procesie może zajmować uczestniczenie w socjokulturowych praktykach wspólnoty. Autorka rozwija tezę, iż jedynie partycypacja nowicjusza w działaniach wspólnoty nauczycieli prowadzi do stopniowego stawania się nauczycielem. W pierwszej kolejności omówione jest podstawowe dla rozważań pojęcie wspólnoty postrzeganej w optyce kulturowej, ze zwróceniem uwagi na dwa wymiary: współpracę i zaufanie. Następnie podjęty jest wątek zaangażowania się nowicjusza w sprawy wspólnoty, odnajdywania w niej swojego miejsca. Na zakończenie omówiona jest rola tworzenia sieci wsparcia umożliwiającej nowicjuszowi partycypację w dyskursie na temat podejmowanych aktywności.
Global citizenship education and the idea of diverse epistemologies
Authors: Horsthemke Kai
Published: December 2020

Three broad kinds of orientation can be identified with regard to (global) citizenship education (GCE): cosmopolitanism, localism, and relationalism. They differ in their respective approaches not only to cultural transmission and instruction but also to knowledge and knowledge production. My aim in this paper is to interrogate the notion of local or indigenous knowledge in GCE research and to investigate whether the postcolonial idea of diverse epistemologies does not employ a mistaken sense of ‘epistemology’. I argue that there are good reasons for an unequivocal and universally applicable understanding of knowledge and epistemology in (global) citizenship education and GCE research – and for being able to distinguish between knowledge and non-knowledge. Geographic, ethnic, racial and gender-based origin and affiliation do not constitute relevant criteria for any such demarcation. Instances in which they are cited as criteria raise questions not of epistemological relevance but rather of social justice.
Teenagers towards parents: manifestations of aggressive and violent behaviour (research report)
Authors: Karbowniczek Jolanta
Published: December 2020

The article presents a report on empirical research on the issue of aggressive and violent behaviour of children towards parents against the background of family conditions, conducted in primary schools in Chelm, in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. This issue remains unsolved and requires reliable theoretical and methodological (re)interpretations. Family problems cannot be easily assessed in an objective manner. An obstacle in providing information about aggression and violence on the part of one's own children is usually the feeling of guilt experienced by the parents themselves. Dilemmas connected with the introduction of the young generation into the world of adults, with the education of children and young people, are one of the most important and difficult problems in social life. Quite often are we dealing with examples of helplessness of parents and educators in the face of pathological situations that take place in family and school environments, in peer groups, on the streets and housing estates of our cities.
Pedeutological aspects of using new technologies in education
Authors: Łuszczek Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

New technologies that have been used in education are treated as the “golden mean” to remove most of the educational problems. Over time, it turns out that many of the original hopes have been disappointed. This paper tries to answer the question: Why is this happening? The historical-critical method allows analysing certain elements of the education system that are important to it and which turned out to be crucial when introducing additional technologies. That is the case with the position of a teacher in the education process. It turns out that the teacher's ideas about education can have a significant impact on his / her attitude to new technologies and thus their effectiveness. Hence, not only the preparation of teachers to use new technologies, but also shaping their ideas and building educational traditions is equally important in the effective application of new technologies in education.
RZYMSKIE KORZENIE ‘EXCEPTIO VERITATIS’?
Authors: Nowicka Dobromiła
Published: December 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przeanalizowanie możliwego wpływu prawdziwości twierdzenia na przyjęcie odpowiedzialności z tytułu deliktu iniuria. Zakres studiów ograniczony jest do regulacji pretorskich odnoszących się do adversus bonos mores convicium facere, tak zwanego edyktu de adtemptata pudicitia i ne quid infamandi causa fat z pewnymi uwagami na temat koncepcji iniuria-contumelia.
PARADYGMAT ZAKAZU ZŁEGO TRAKTOWANIA W KONTEKŚCIE KARY DOŻYWOTNIEGO POZBAWIENIA WOLNOŚCI (ARTYKUŁ 3 EUROPEJSKIEJ KONWENCJI PRAW CZŁOWIEKA)
Authors: Morawska Elżbieta Hanna
Published: December 2020

Ramy analizy przeprowadzonej w tym artykule obejmują trzy wieloaspektowe problemy badawcze. Pierwszy z nich wiąże się ze złożoną strukturą przedmiotu zakazu złego traktowania i stopniem jego absolutności: bezwzględnością i bezwarunkowością. Drugi dotyczy materialnego zakresu praw osób skazanych na bezwzględną karę dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności. Natomiast trzeci problem dotyczy struktury i charakteru, treści (przedmiotu) oraz środków wykonywania obowiązków Państwa-Strony, skorelowanych z tymi prawami. Powyższe trzy problemy badawcze koncentrują się na orzecznictwie organów EKPC w zakresie kary bezwzględnego pozbawienia wolności na gruncie art. 3 EKPC. Przegląd tego orzecznictwa pokazuje, że organy w Strasburgu w pierwszej kolejności oceniły dopuszczalność skazania nieletniego sprawcę na powyższą karę, następnie odniosły się do kwestii dopuszczalności deportacji osoby z Państwa-Strony EKPC do państwa, w którym istnieje rzeczywiste ryzyko skazania na taką karę i wreszcie ustaliły warunki skazania na taką karę dorosłego sprawcę. Ze względu na ograniczone ramy artykułu dwie pierwsze kwestie orzecznictwa zostały pominięte. Odpowiedzi na postawione pytania badawcze wydają się mieć nie tylko wartość teoretyczną, ale także praktyczną, ponieważ umożliwiają ocenę zmian w polskim prawie karnym z 2019 r. w zakresie dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności bez możliwości warunkowego zwolnienia.
GLOSA DO WYROKU WOJEWÓDZKIEGO SĄDU ADMINISTRACYJNEGO W RZESZOWIE Z 7 MARCA 2019 R., II SA/RZ 1159/181
Authors: Kulesza Jan
Published: December 2020

W glosowanym wyroku Wojewódzki Sąd Administracyjny w Rzeszowie nie znalazł podstaw do odstąpienia od obligatoryjnego zatrzymania prawa jazdy kierującego pojazdem, który przekroczył dozwoloną prędkość na obszarze zabudowanym o ponad 50 km/h. Wskazał, że przekroczenie prędkości nie było jedynym sposobem uchylenia niebezpieczeństwa dla zdrowia i życia, nie został zatem spełniony wymóg subsydiarności stanu wyższej konieczności. Syn Ł.G. nie znajdował się z nim w pojeździe, a wezwane Pogotowie ratunkowe było w drodze do dziecka. Podał sąd również w wątpliwość istnienie bezpośredniego niebezpieczeństwa dla życia i zdrowia dziecka, przez co również nie były spełnione warunki art. 102 ust. 1 pkt 1aa ustawy z 5 stycznia 2011 r. o kierujących pojazdami. Przybyłe na miejsce Pogotowie ratunkowe takiego stanu zagrożenia nie stwierdziło. Prawidłowo również wskazał sąd zachodzącą relację między ratowanym dobrem i dobrem zagrożonym jazdą kierującego ponad dozwoloną prędkość. Dobrem ratowanym (pozornie) było życie i zdrowie dziecka, zaś dobrem realnie narażonym na zagrożenie życie i zdrowie innych uczestników ruchu. Bezpieczeństwo w komunikacji stanowi bowiem dobro prawne mieszczące w sobie ochronę życia, zdrowia i mienia innych osób.
Phytochemical Screening and In-Vitro Antibacterial and Anticancer Activity of Crude Extract of Matricaria aurea
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Mir Mushtaq Ahmad , Srivastava Saurabh , Shati Ali A. , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. , Irfan Safia , Abohashrh Mohammed , Nisar Nazima , Bashir Nasreena , Srivastava Pragya
Published: December 2020

Background:

Infectious diseases constantly represent the source of sickness as well as mortality in
human beings. Herbal applications in human life through using plants for antibacterial and anticancer activity
have shown the potential medicinal outcome.

Objectives:

To evaluate the antibacterial and anticancer activities of the crude extract of Matricaria aurea.

Materials and Methods:

The antibacterial activity of the crude flowers of M. aurea extract was examined
against reference and clinical bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations
and minimum bactericidal concentrations were determined by micro broth dilution assays using MH
broth. Herbal extract was employed over human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), hepatocellular carcinoma
cell line (HepG-2) and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HCT-116) to optimize cancer cells proliferation
by SRB assay.

Results:

The data has shown that the extract from M. aurea had significant antimicrobial activity against the
tested microorganisms. The plant extract showed higher antibacterial activity against the reference strain of
Streptococcus pyogenes. The MIC and MBC varied between 0.38-12.5 mg/ml and 3.1-200 mg/ml respectively.
Synergy study elucidated the significant bacteriostatic effect of M. aurea extract on S. aureus and S. saprophyticus.
The data of SRB assay deliver the potential anticancer activity through cell death.

Conclusion:

This study delivers innovative information that M. aurea possessed excellent bio-activities against
pathogenic microbes and cancer cells, which drive attention for further research to explore the active components
responsible for biological efficacies.
Exploring the Mystery of Osteoarthritis using Bioinformatics Analysis of Cartilage Tissue
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhong Jun-Long , Jiang Ning , Shang Jie , Wu Biao , Chen Yu-Feng , Lu Hua-Ding
Published: December 2020

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a kind of chronic disease relating to joints, which
seriously affectsthe daily life activities of the elderly and can also lead to disability. However, the
pathogenesis of OA is still unclear, which leads to limited treatment and the therapeutic effect far
from people's expectations. This study aims to filter out key genes in the pathogenesis of OA and
explore their potential role in the occurrence and development of OA.

Methods:

The dataset of GSE117999 was obtained and analyzed in order to identify the
differentially expressed genes (DEGs), hub genes and key genes. We also identified potential
miRNAs which may play a major role in the pathogenesis of OA, and verified their difference in
OA by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). DGldb was found to serve as an indicator to
identify drugs with potential therapeutic effects on key genes and Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for identifying underlying biomarkers of OA.

Results:

We identified ten key genes, including MDM2, RB1, EGFR, ESR1, UBE2E3, WWP1,
BCL2, OAS2, TYMS and MSH2. Then, we identified hsa-mir-3613-3p, hsa-mir-548e-5p and hsamir-
5692a to be potentially related to key genes. In addition, RT-qPCR confirmed the differential
expression of identified genes in mouse cartilage with or without OA. We then identified
Etoposide and Everolimus, which were potentially specific to the most key genes. Finally, we
speculated that ESR1 might be a potential biomarker of OA.

Conclusions:

In this study, potential key genes related to OA and their biological functions were
identified, and their potential application value in the diagnosis and treatment of OA has been
demonstrated, which will help us to improve the therapeutic effect of OA.
Predicted Contributions of Flavin-containing Monooxygenases to the N-oxygenation of Drug Candidates Based on their Estimated Base Dissociation Constants
Authors: Taniguchi-Takizawa Tomomi , Kato Harutoshi , Shimizu Makiko , Yamazaki Hiroshi
Published: December 2020

Aims::

Base dissociation constants of 30 model chemicals were investigated to constitute potential determinant
factors predicting the contributions of flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs).

Background::

The contributions of FMOs to the metabolic elimination of new drug candidates could be underestimated
under certain experimental conditions during drug development.

Objective::

A method for predicting metabolic sites and the contributions of FMOs to N-oxygenations is proposed
using a molecular descriptor, the base dissociation constant (pKa base), which can be estimated in silico
using commonly available chemoinformatic prediction systems.

Methods::

Model drugs and their oxidative pathways were surveyed in the literature to investigate the roles of
FMOs in their N-oxygenations. The acid and base dissociation constants of the nitrogen moieties of 30 model
substrates were estimated using well-established chemoinformatic software.

Results::

The base dissociation constants of 30 model chemicals were classified into two groups based on the reported
optimal in vitro pH of 8.4 for FMO enzymes as a key determinant factor. Among 18 substrates (e.g.,
trimethylamine, benzydamine, and itopride) with pKa (base) values in the range of 8.4-9.8, all N-oxygenated
metabolites were reported to be predominantly catalyzed by FMOs. Except for three cases (xanomeline;
L-775,606; and tozasertib), the nine substrates with pKa (base) values in the range 2.7-7.9 were only moderately
or minorly N-oxygenated by FMOs in addition to their major metabolic pathway of oxidation mediated by cytochrome
P450s. N-Oxygenation of T-1032 (with a pKa of 4.8) is mediated predominantly by P450 3A5, but
not by FMO1/3.

Conclusion::

The predicted contributions of FMOs to the N-oxygenation of drug candidates can be simply estimated
using classic base dissociation constants.
Understanding The Role of Inflammasome in Angina Pectoris
Authors: Sharma Ishita , Behl Tapan , Bungau Simona , Sachdeva Monika , Kumar Arun , Zengin Gokhan , Arora Sandeep
Published: December 2020

Angina pectoris, associated with coronary artery disease, a cardiovascular disease where
the pain is caused by adverse oxygen supply in the myocardium, results in contractility and discomfort
in the chest. Inflammasomes, triggered by stimuli due to infection and cellular stress, have
been identified to play a vital role in the progression of cardiovascular disorders and, thus, causing
various symptoms like angina pectoris. Nlrp3 inflammasome, a key contributor in the pathogenesis
of angina pectoris, requires activation and primary signaling for the commencement of inflammation.
Nlrp3 inflammasome elicits out an inflammatory response by the emission of pro-inflammatory
cytokines by ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, mobilization of K+ efflux and Ca2+ and
by activation of lysosome destabilization that eventually causes pyroptosis, a programmed cell
death process. Thus, inflammasome is considered to be one of the factors involved in the progression
of coronary artery diseases and has an intricate role in the development of angina pectoris.
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glioma Progression: Deciphering Cellular Biological Processes to Clinical Applications
Authors: Rana Rashmi , Joon Shikha , Chauhan Kirti , Rathi Vaishnavi , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar , Kumari Chandni , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar
Published: December 2020

Glioma predominantly targets glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. There are grade I, II,
III, and IV gliomas with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme as the most severe
forms of the disease. Current diagnostic methods are limited in their data acquisition and interpretation,
markedly affecting treatment modalities, and patient outcomes. Circulating extracellular vesicles
(EVs) or “magic bullets” contain bioactive signature molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids,
and metabolites. These secretory “smart probes” participate in myriad cellular activities, including
glioma progression. EVs are released by all cell populations and may serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers
and efficient nano-vehicles in the targeted delivery of encapsulated therapeutics. The present
review describes the potential of EV-based biomarkers for glioma management.
Target Fishing of Calactin, Calotropin and Calotoxin Using Reverse Pharmacophore Screening and Consensus Inverse Docking Approach
Authors: Parthasarathy Vikram , Menon Achuthan Raghava , Devaranavadagi Basavaraj
Published: December 2020

Background:

The anticancer properties of natural products calactin, calotropin and calotoxin are well established.
However the mechanisms of their action are unclear and the molecular targets pertinent to them are not detailed. In this
study, potential anti-cancer targets of these compounds have been identified using reverse screening approaches that may
provide valuable insights into anti cancer drug development.

Objective:

To identify the potential anticancer targets of calactin, calotropin and calotoxin using reverse screening strategy.

Methods:

The ligands were screened for potential targets based on their shape similarity and pharmacophore model matching. The overlapping targets obtained from both methods were verified using reverse docking approach and validated by
docking analysis. MM/PBSA calculation was performed to predict binding affinities between ligand and confirmed targets.

Results:

Interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase [ITK] was confirmed as a potential target of calactin (Ki= -10.3 kcal/mol),
calotropin (Ki= -8.7 kcal/mol) and calotoxin (Ki= -10.2 kcal/mol). The ligands interacted with hinge region residues such as
Met438 and Asp500 which occupy the highly conserved ATP binding site. Binding energies of calactin (∆Ebind = -29.18
kJ/mol), calotropin (-28.57 kJ/mol) and calotoxin (-21.21 kJ/mol) with ITK were higher than (more negative) positive control sunitinib (-15.03 kJ/mol) and standard staurosporine (-21.09 kJ/mol). Besides this, Interstitial collagenase [MMP1] was
confirmed as potential target of calotoxin (Ki= -8.2 kcal/mol).However the binding energy (∆Ebind = -11.89 kJ/mol) was
lower compared to positive control batimastat (-21.07 kJ/mol).

Conclusion:

The results of this study confirmed ITK as a potential target for calactin, calotropin and calotoxin. These compounds can therefore be used as lead molecules for the development of novel ITK inhibitors, which may have immense
therapeutic applications as immune-suppressants and as anticancer drugs.
The Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-1 in Non-Shigella Dysenteriae Isolates Collected from Diarrhea Samples in Patients, Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Mahdian Nahid , Kouhsari Ebrahim , Gheysarzadeh Ali , Maleki Abbas , Valadbeigi Hassan , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda
Published: December 2020

Background:

Acute diarrhea is a major public health problem, particularly in developing
countries. Shigellosis is one of the substantial causative agents of microbial dysentery and still
has a remarkable prevalence, particularly in areas with poor hygienic infrastructures. The probable
existence of the deadly Shiga toxin (Stx) protein in some Shigella strains would manifest life-threatening
clinical symptoms of the infection.

Methods:

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Shigella toxin 1 (Stx1) in isolated
from patients with diarrhea. Totally, 227 Shigella species, including 60 S. flexneri, 157 S. sonnei,
and 10 S. boydii were collected from diarrheal patients in the tropical infectious diseases research
center of Ahvaz, Iran, during 2013-2015. The isolates were collected mostly from the intensive
care unit, infectious disease, and surgery settings. The isolates were identified, and the polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the stx gene.

Results:

The results indicated that none of them encode the stx1 gene.

Conclusion:

Isolates of this study were not capable of stx1 encoding. Future investigations should
consider the relations between other Shigella species and Shigella toxin in Iran.
The Design of Modular Oil Tank: A New Design Process Model
Authors: Li Jin , Jiang Xingsheng , Li Jingye , Zhao Yadong , Li Xuexing
Published: December 2020

Background:

In the whole design process of modular fuel tank, there are some unreasonable phenomena. As a
result, there are some defects in the design of modular fuel tank, and the function does not meet the requirements in
advance. This paper studies this problem.

Objective:

Through on-the-spot investigation of the factory, a mechanical design process model is designed. The model
can provide reference for product design participants on product design time and design quality, and can effectively solve
the problem of low product design quality caused by unreasonable product design time arrangement.

Methods:

After sorting out the data from the factory investigation, computer software is used to program, simulate the
information input of mechanical design process, and the final reference value is got.

Results:

This mechanical design process model is used to guide the design and production of a new project, nearly 3
months ahead of the original project completion time.

Conclusion:

This mechanical design process model can effectively guide the product design process, which is of great
significance to the whole mechanical design field.
Recovery of Metals and Rare Earth Elements by Microwave heating Technology - A Review
Authors: Lin Shunda , Omran Mamdouh , Guo Shenghui
Published: December 2020

:

Microwave heating technology is considered one of the most likely to replace traditional
heating methods due to its efficient, quick, and green heating transmission that meets the requirements
of sustainable development. Microwave heating can strengthen chemical reactions and change
the morphology of minerals, and it can save energy and achieve rapid and efficient heating, clean
production, and emission reduction. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research status of microwave
heating in the recovery of valuable metals (Cu, Au, V),) from metallurgical waste ore and rare
earth elements from rare earth minerals in recent years, expounds the principle of microwave heating,
and summarizes the previous experimental phenomena. Finally, the development potential, opportunities,
and difficulties of microwave technology in future industrial applications are discussed.
Para uma definição de tempo livre tendo as crianças por medida e referente. O que diz a língua dos pássaros?
Authors: Araújo Maria José , Monteiro Hugo
Published: December 2020

In this text, we conceive free time and the “freedom” of free time as specific affirmations of the right to an infancy with rights. Listening-in to an example by Giorgio Agamben, who personified a Benjaminian idea of “free prose” in the fable of the “Sonntagskinder”, the children who “can understand the language of birds” (2013: 27), we put forward critical hypotheses that enable a broader experience of education from children's concrete and effective words in choosing the definition and enjoyment of time, space in their own meanings.
Developing practical techniques of retrospective dosimetry for affected individuals in radiological emergencies
Authors: Yasuda Hiroshi
Published: December 2020

Professor Hiroshi Yasuda, based at Hiroshima University in Japan, is seeking to advance techniques for radiation dosimetry and radiological risk assessment. Radiation dosimetry includes measurement, calculation and prediction of ionising radiation doses absorbed by the organs and tissues
of a human body. The techniques will be useful after a range of incidents including: nuclear/radiological accidents; failures in medical treatment using radiation; increase of solar flare particles in aviation; and terrorist attacks using radionuclides. It can save lives by determining someone's
exposure to radiation following such an incident, enabling appropriate and timely medical intervention to be administered. Yasuda heads up a team in the University's Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), where the researchers are actively focusing on four research
topics: Biosample-ESR dosimetry; 3D gel dosimetry; novel luminescence dosimetry for accidental exposure; and individual aviation dosimetry for flyers.
Modeling multifactorial diseases using mouse subspecies strains
Authors: Amano Takanori
Published: December 2020

As DNA sequencing becomes cheaper it becomes ever more realistic that analysing a person's genome may be an effective method of diagnosis and treatment. New and more accurate methods of measuring other important factors now exist, such as the state of the epigenome and the proteome
of a person. Together, these technologies will form the cornerstone of personalised medicine that, at its best, could offer treatments that are precisely tuned to a person's needs. However, there are still many foundations that need to be laid before personalisation becomes an everyday reality.
One such area is that of understanding currently unknown diseases and the link between genomics and the disease phenotype. There are many pathologies about which we know very little and for which it is difficult to find a treatment. At the same time, whilst we can document minute changes in
the DNA sequence of an individual, we often cannot easily assign a particular downstream affect caused by a given change. Dr Takanori Amano of the RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan, is currently leading a research team to better understand these unknown genotypes and diseases
through the use of mouse models. The team is using mouse models to create realistic genomic representations of different, uncharacterised genomic changes, the focus is in the exploration of changes beyond those present within genes.
Initiatives, Concepts, and Implementation Practices of FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) Data Principles in Health Data Stewardship Practice: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Inau Esther Thea , Sack Jean , Waltemath Dagmar , Zeleke Atinkut Alamirrew
Published: December 2020

Background

Data stewardship is an essential driver of research and clinical practice. Data collection, storage, access, sharing, and analytics are dependent on the proper and consistent use of data management principles among the investigators. Since 2016, the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) guiding principles for research data management have been resonating in scientific communities. Enabling data to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable is currently believed to strengthen data sharing, reduce duplicated efforts, and move toward harmonization of data from heterogeneous unconnected data silos. FAIR initiatives and implementation trends are rising in different facets of scientific domains. It is important to understand the concepts and implementation practices of the FAIR data principles as applied to human health data by studying the flourishing initiatives and implementation lessons relevant to improved health research, particularly for data sharing during the coronavirus pandemic.

Objective

This paper aims to conduct a scoping review to identify concepts, approaches, implementation experiences, and lessons learned in FAIR initiatives in the health data domain.

Methods

The Arksey and O’Malley stage-based methodological framework for scoping reviews will be used for this review. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar will be searched to access relevant primary and grey publications. Articles written in English and published from 2014 onwards with FAIR principle concepts or practices in the health domain will be included. Duplication among the 3 data sources will be removed using a reference management software. The articles will then be exported to a systematic review management software. At least two independent authors will review the eligibility of each article based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A pretested charting tool will be used to extract relevant information from the full-text papers. Qualitative thematic synthesis analysis methods will be employed by coding and developing themes. Themes will be derived from the research questions and contents in the included papers.

Results

The results will be reported using the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) reporting guidelines. We anticipate finalizing the manuscript for this work in 2021.

Conclusions

We believe comprehensive information about the FAIR data principles, initiatives, implementation practices, and lessons learned in the FAIRification process in the health domain is paramount to supporting both evidence-based clinical practice and research transparency in the era of big data and open research publishing.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/22505
Identification of Behavior Change Techniques From Successful Web-Based Interventions Targeting Alcohol Consumption, Binge Eating, and Gambling: Systematic Review
Authors: Humphreys Gabrielle , Evans Rebecca , Makin Harriet , Cooke Richard , Jones Andrew
Published: December 2020

Background

Web-based interventions are thought to overcome barriers to treatment, such as accessibility and geographical location, which can undermine the effectiveness of traditional face-to-face interventions. Owing to these features, researchers are increasingly testing the efficacy of web-based interventions as ways to reduce alcohol misuse, binge eating, and gambling. However, many web-based interventions have poorly defined mechanisms of action; therefore, it is often uncertain how they propose to bring about behavior change.

Objective

This systematic review aims to identify effective behavior change techniques (BCTs) present in web-based interventions aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, binge eating, or gambling.

Methods

This systematic review covered research conducted in the last 20 years. Inclusion criteria for interventions were web-based administration; targeting alcohol use, binge eating, and/or gambling; and reporting on baseline and postintervention measures of behavior. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines were followed. We coded intervention effectiveness, study quality, and BCTs present in the interventions.

Results

Following removal of 4152 ineligible articles, 45 were included in the review: 32 (71%) targeted alcohol misuse, 6 (13%) targeted binge eating, and 7 (16%) targeted gambling. In total, 5 frequency counts were performed to identify the most commonly used BCTs: all studies, effective interventions, high-quality studies at 2 thresholds, and both high quality and effective studies. The results obtained from this were integrated to identify 7 BCTs. These 7 BCTs were problem solving, feedback on behavior, self-monitoring of behavior, self-monitoring of outcomes, instruction on how to perform a behavior, information about social and health consequences, and social comparison. A total of 4 BCTs were found in all frequency counts: feedback on behavior, self-monitoring of behavior, instruction on how to perform a behavior, and social comparison. Self-monitoring of outcomes of behavior was found in 3 of the 5 frequency counts, problem solving was found in 2 frequency counts, and information about social and health consequences was found in 1 frequency count.

Conclusions

This systematic review identified 7 of the most frequently used BCTs used in web-based interventions focused on alcohol misuse, binge eating, and gambling. These results can inform the development of evidence-based eHealth interventions that have the potential to lead to effective, positive behavior changes in all 3 areas.
An Artificial Intelligence Model to Predict the Mortality of COVID-19 Patients at Hospital Admission Time Using Routine Blood Samples: Development and Validation of an Ensemble Model
Authors: Ko Hoon , Chung Heewon , Kang Wu Seong , Park Chul , Kim Do Wan , Kim Seong Eun , Chung Chi Ryang , Ko Ryoung Eun , Lee Hooseok , Seo Jae Ho , Choi Tae-Young , Jaimes Rafael , Kim Kyung Won , Lee Jinseok
Published: December 2020

Background

COVID-19, which is accompanied by acute respiratory distress, multiple organ failure, and death, has spread worldwide much faster than previously thought. However, at present, it has limited treatments.

Objective

To overcome this issue, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model of COVID-19, named EDRnet (ensemble learning model based on deep neural network and random forest models), to predict in-hospital mortality using a routine blood sample at the time of hospital admission.

Methods

We selected 28 blood biomarkers and used the age and gender information of patients as model inputs. To improve the mortality prediction, we adopted an ensemble approach combining deep neural network and random forest models. We trained our model with a database of blood samples from 361 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, and applied it to 106 COVID-19 patients in three Korean medical institutions.

Results

In the testing data sets, EDRnet provided high sensitivity (100%), specificity (91%), and accuracy (92%). To extend the number of patient data points, we developed a web application (BeatCOVID19) where anyone can access the model to predict mortality and can register his or her own blood laboratory results.

Conclusions

Our new AI model, EDRnet, accurately predicts the mortality rate for COVID-19. It is publicly available and aims to help health care providers fight COVID-19 and improve patients’ outcomes.
Social Media Use and Monitoring for Adolescents With Depression and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study of Parent and Child Perspectives (Preprint)
Authors: Biernesser Candice , Montano Gerald , Miller Elizabeth , Radovic Ana
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Although youth report many positive experiences with social media (SM) use in their daily lives, adolescents with depression are more vulnerable to the risks of SM use than adolescents without depression. Parents protect adolescents with depression from the risks of SM use by monitoring their child’s SM activity; however, this comes into conflict with the adolescent’s need for autonomy in their web-based communication. The implications of SM use and monitoring for adolescents with depression and their parents are of particular relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as rates of SM use have increased in response to physical distancing measures.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore parent and child perspectives regarding the use and function of SM in the daily lives of adolescents with depression and parents’ perceptions of and experience with monitoring their child’s SM use.

METHODS

We conducted qualitative interviews with adolescents with depression (n=23) and one parent of each adolescent (n=23) between July 2013 and September 2014. The adolescents were patients seeking treatment for depression in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Data analysis included dyadic analysis of the adolescents’ and parents’ perspectives and qualitative descriptions of individual parent interviews to explore their experiences with SM use and monitoring. The construct of parental knowledge and factors hypothesized to contribute to parental knowledge, including adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control, were used to guide the codebook and dyadic data analysis.

RESULTS

Dyadic analyses showed that parents and their children disagreed on the use and function of SM in the daily lives of adolescents with depression, with adolescents viewing SM as a forum for honest expression of their emotions, whereas parents felt that their children’s posts were inconsequential and interfered with the adolescents’ lives. Furthermore, parents reported using a wide range of strategies to gain knowledge of their child’s SM use to monitor their safety on SM, including direct solicitation and indirect solicitation, such as keeping the child's passwords, asking friends or siblings about their child's SM use, and restricting SM behavior and access to devices.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinicians should support adolescents with depression and their parents in finding common ground for an effective and acceptable monitoring approach. Resources are provided for clinicians navigating conversations about SM use and monitoring with adolescents with depression and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Digital Health Interventions in Prevention, Relapse, and Therapy of Mild and Moderate Depression: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Tokgöz Pinar , Hrynyschyn Robert , Hafner Jessica , Schönfeld Simone , Dockweiler Christoph
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Depression is a major cause for disability worldwide, and digital health interventions are expected to be an augmentative and effective treatment. According to the fast-growing field of information and communication technologies and its dissemination, there is a need for mapping the technological landscape and its benefits for users.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this scoping review was to give an overview of the digital health interventions used for depression. The main goal of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of the system landscape and its technological state and functions, as well as its evidence and benefits for users.

METHODS

A scoping review was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of digital health interventions for the treatment of depression. PubMed, PSYNDEX, and the Cochrane Library were searched by two independent researchers in October 2020 to identify relevant publications of the last 10 years, which were examined using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To conduct the review, we used Rayyan, a freely available web tool.

RESULTS

In total, 65 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. After categorizing the studies into the areas of prevention, early detection, therapy, and relapse prevention, we found dominant numbers of studies in the area of therapy (n=52). There was only one study for prevention, 5 studies for early detection, and 7 studies for relapse prevention. The most dominant therapy approaches were cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and problem-solving therapy. Most of the studies revealed significant effects of digital health interventions when cognitive behavioral therapy was applied. Cognitive behavioral therapy as the most dominant form was often provided through web-based systems. Combined interventions consisting of web-based and smartphone-based approaches are increasingly found.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital health interventions for treating depression are quite comprehensive. There are different interventions focusing on different fields of care. While most interventions can be beneficial to achieve a better depression treatment, it can be difficult to determine which approaches are suitable. Cognitive behavioral therapy through digital health interventions has shown good effects in the treatment of depression, but treatment for depression still stays very individualistic.
US Physicians’ Perspective on the Sudden Shift to Telehealth: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Walia Bhavneet , Shridhar Anshu , Arasu Pratap , Singh Gursimar Kaur
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Given the sudden shift to telemedicine during the early COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a survey of practicing physicians’ experience with telehealth during the prepandemic and early pandemic periods. Our survey estimates that most patient visits in the United States during the early COVID-19 pandemic period were conducted via telehealth. Given this magnitude and the potential benefits and challenges of telehealth for the US health care system, in this paper, we obtain, summarize, and analyze telehealth views and experiences of US-based practicing-physicians.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine the extent of shift toward telehealth training and care provision during the early pandemic from the US-based practicing physicians’ perspective. We also sought to determine the short- and long-term implications of this shift on the quality, access, and mode of US health care delivery.

METHODS

We conducted a purposive, snowball-sampled survey of US practicing-physicians. A total of 148 physician completed the survey. Data were collected from July 17, 2020, through September 4, 2020.

RESULTS

Sample training intensity scaled 21-fold during the early pandemic period, and patient-care visits conducted via telehealth increased, on average, from 13.1% directly before the pandemic to 59.7% during the early pandemic period. Surveyed physician respondents reported that telehealth patient visits and face-to-face patient visits are comparable in quality. The difference was not statistically significant based on a nonparametric sign test (P=.11). Moreover, physicians feel that telehealth care should continue to play a larger role (44.9% of total visits) in postpandemic health care in the United States. Our survey findings suggest a high market concentration in telehealth software, which is a market structural characteristic that may have implications on the cost and access of telehealth. The results varied markedly by physician employer type.

CONCLUSIONS

During the shift toward telehealth, there has been a considerable discovery among physicians regarding US telehealth physicians. Physicians are now better prepared to undertake telehealth care from a training perspective. They are favorable toward a permanently expanded telehealth role, with potential for enhanced health care access, and the realization of enhanced access may depend on market structural characteristics of telehealth software platforms.