Performing urological inpatient procedures as same-day procedures during the COVID pandemic
Authors: Siron Nicolas , Assad Anis , Ouirzanne Mona , Lafontaine Marie-Lyssa , Zorn Kevin C. , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Meskawi Malek , Duceppe Emmanuelle , Bhojani Naeem 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: In line with Canadian provincial directives due to the COVID-19 pandemic, certain elective urological surgical cases that are normally performed as inpatient procedures, were performed as same-day discharge procedures to reduce hospitalization and the usage of scarce healthcare resources. Since the pandemic, we began performing laser enucleation of the prostate (LEP), robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) as outpatient surgeries. This was supported by recent evidence demonstrating the safety and feasibility of performing these minimally invasive surgeries as same-day procedures. As such, we sought to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety during the COVID-19 era at our institution for same-day discharge LEP, RARP, and PCNL procedures.
Methods: All patients operated for LEP, RARP, or PCNL between May 2020 and March 2022 at two academic institutions were included. Surgeries were classified as planned same-day discharge or inpatient surgery. Same-day discharge patients were compared to inpatients for each procedure type. This comparison assessed the occurrence of same-day failure, postoperative complications, and re-admission rates at 30 days. This study was approved by the scientific ethics committee of the Centre de Recherche de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM).
Results: A total of 413 subjects were included in this study. Among LEP patients (n=169), 104 (62%) were identified as same-day procedures and 65 (38%) were inpatient. Among RARP patients (n=194), 46 (24%) were identified as same-day procedures and 148 (76%) inpatient. Among PCNL patients (n=50), 38 (76%) were identified as same-day procedures and 12 (24%) were inpatient. Of the patients who underwent planned same-day LEP, RARP, and PCNL, 77.9%, 73.9%, and 71.1% were successfully discharged home, respectively. Patients who underwent LEP as inpatient had a higher incidence of overall postoperative complications compared to same-day LEP (23.1% vs. 8.7%, p=0.017). The rates of 30-day emergency department (ED) visits and hospital re-admission were similar between inpatient and same-day LEP (9.2% vs. 3.8%, p=0.27; and 4.6% vs. 1.0%, p=0.32, respectively). Inpatient RARP, however, was associated with more 30-day ED visits compared to same-day procedures (17.4% vs. 4.1%, p<0.01). No statistically significant differences were found for postoperative complications (15.2% vs. 6.1%, p=0.097) and re-admission rates (1.4% vs. 4.3%, p=0.51). There were no significant differences on overall postoperative complications, 30-day ED visits, and re-admission rates in inpatient vs. same-day PCNL.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that same-day discharge for LEP, RARP, and PCNL is safe and feasible in select patients with an acceptable complication rate. These results should be validated in a larger, prospective clinical trial comparing same-day and inpatient procedures.