bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cow Bone Addition on the Humification, Heavy Metals Passivation and Fate of Resistance Genes During Swine Manure Composting
Authors: Chen Shanshuai , Feng Xiaoqiang , Fu Maode , Jin Xin
Published: November 2024

Bone meal has been used as economic and effective additive for heavy metals (HMs) pollution remediation due to the distinct components and structures that enable their favorable properties, such as its low cost, high adsorption capacity, acid-base adjustability, and ion-exchange capability. However, no attempt has been made to establish whether cow bone could promote the passivation of HMs and the removal of metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) during the composting process. Two sizes of cow bone (meal (T2) and granule (T3)) were added to investigate their effects on humification, HMs passivation and the abundance of ARGs and MRGs during swine manure composting. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor analysis showed that the percentage of maximum fluorescence intensity of humic-like substances were higher in T2 (91.82%) than in T3 (88.46%), implying that T2 could promote the humification process compared to T3. In comparison with control (T1), the addition of T2 and T3 could promote the change of exchangeable Cu and reducible Cu into oxidizable Cu, thus reducing the mobility factors (MF) of Cu in T2 and T3 treatments by 10.48% and 6.98%, respectively. In addition, T2 and T3 could increase exchangeable Zn into reducible Zn and oxidizable Zn, thereby reducing the MF of Zn in T2 and T3 treatments by 18.80% and 2.0%, respectively. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that the total abundances of MRGs were decreased by 100% in T2 and T3 treatments, and T2 decreased the total relative abundance of ARGs. Furthermore, the relative abundance of ARGs and MRGs had significantly correlated with intI1 and bio-available of Cu and Zn, which was triggered by selective pressure of HMs and horizontal gene transfer. The present study suggested that cow bone meal as additives can be a feasible approach to promote the passivation of HMs and enhance the removal of MGRs and ARGs by decreasing horizontal gene transfer and selective pressure by bioavailable HMs.
Key Kombucha Process Parameters for Optimal Bioactive Compounds and Flavor Quality
Authors: Chaluvadi Saikiran , Hotchkiss Arland T. , Smith Benjamin , McVaugh Bianca , White Andre K. , Guron Giselle K. P. , Renye John A. , Yam Kit L.
Published: November 2024

The relationship between Kombucha fermentation process parameters and microbial composition was investigated. Green tea Kombucha fermented slower, producing a higher sugar/acid ratio, residual sucrose, and sweeter taste compared to black tea Kombucha. No known probiotic bacteria were identified in Kombucha since Zygosaccharomyces, Brettanomyces, Komagataeibacter, and Gluconacetobacter were the dominant genera observed based on 16s rRNA sequencing analysis. Green tea epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate inhibited bacterial growth in black tea Kombucha broth in a concentration-dependent manner. Green tea Kombucha produced from a 10-day inoculum had a higher sugar/acid ratio, residual sucrose, acetic acid, gluconic acid, and a pleasant flavor compared to a 15-day inoculum. In blended green and black tea Kombucha, a solid bacterial pellicle 9-day inoculum increased the amounts of glucose, fructose, acetic acid, gluconic acid, and ethanol, yet there was a lower sugar/acid ratio and residual sucrose, but no change in the catechin profile, compared to a completely liquid inoculum. Increasing the surface area/volume ratio to 0.16 during Kombucha production increased levels of glucose, fructose, and gluconic acid, while acetic acid and ethanol levels remained the same by favoring aerobic vs. anaerobic fermentation. These Kombucha fermentation process parameter results will help producers devise strategies for better quality control.
Indoor Air Quality Control for Airborne Diseases: A Review on Portable UV Air Purifiers
Authors: Sankurantripati Shriram , Duchaine Florent
Published: November 2024

The spread of airborne diseases such as COVID-19 underscores the need for effective indoor air quality control. This review focuses on ventilation strategies and portable air purifiers as key mitigation solutions. Ventilation systems, including natural and mechanical approaches, can reduce pathogen concentrations by improving airflow. However, combining ventilation with portable air purifiers, particularly those using HEPA filters, ESP filters, and UV-C radiation, can enhance Indoor air quality. While HEPA and ESP filters focus on trapping airborne particles, UV-C radiation can inactivate pathogens by disrupting their RNA. A review of UV air purifiers reveals a lack of studies on their efficacy and effectiveness in real-world settings. A thorough investigation into the performance of this mitigation solution is necessary, focusing on varying key factors, such as purifier placement, airflow dynamics, and UV dosage, to ensure optimal effectiveness. High-fidelity computational methods are essential in accurately assessing these factors, as informed by the physics of airborne transmission. Such advanced computations are necessary to determine the viability of portable UV air purifiers in mitigating airborne transmission in enclosed environments such as hospitals and public spaces. Integrating advanced air purification technologies with proper ventilation can improve safety in indoor environments and prevent future disease-related outbreaks.
Analysis of Water Activity and Gloss of Stored Goat Cheeses According to Consumer Preferences and Tastes
Authors: Kaczyński Łukasz K.
Published: November 2024

Packaging is an integral part of every food product, especially cheese. An important goal is to protect the product from spoiling and drying out. Two types of cheese were tested: soft goat’s cheese and hard goat’s cheese. They were evaluated for gloss, water activity, and colour. The aim of the research was to assess changes in the water activity of goat cheese in correlation with changes in gloss and color during storage in various forms of packaging, depending on consumer habits. The research problem was based on consumer observations regarding the repackaging of dairy products, including goat’s cheese. Consumers have reported such a problem in previous studies. The question was asked: will it be necessary in the future to indicate to the consumer the appropriate form of repackaging for a given goat’s cheese? It was shown that the best packaging for storing open feta-type goat salad cheeses was aluminum foil and hard goat cheeses in the producer’s packaging. The method of storage only affects the change in gloss in the case of goat salad cheese and parameter a* hard cheese. At the same time, the need was noted to develop appropriate packaging that would serve to protect the product from spoilage and would not pose a threat to the natural environment after being thrown into the trash. Wrapping soft goat cheeses in cellulose fiber paper reduced water activity by 5% after 14 days of storage but did not encourage re-consumption. The key task for future research is, therefore, to carry out regular consumer surveys. Therefore, it is necessary to choose (develop) a packaging that would preserve the original quality of the cheeses when stored in these conditions.
Characteristics and Biological Activities of a Novel Polysaccharide R1 Isolated from Rubus chingii Hu
Authors: Lin Zhier , Liu Sisi , Wang Yi , Chen Jianfang , Huang Jihong , Huang Ruqiang
Published: November 2024

Raspberry (Rubus chingii Hu) is a Chinese herb that is rich in nutrients and has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-allergic, hypoglycemic, and other effects. A water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from raspberry by using hot water extraction then purified by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharide (R1) are as follows: the molar ratio of the monosaccharide composition is Ara:Gal:Xyl:Glc:Man = 31.15:27.64:13.61:13.48:10.60; the molecular weight is 32,580 Da; the methylation results show that 5-Araf is the main chain and there is a presence of 3,6-Galp, 4-Xylp, and 2,3,5-Araf branches, and that terminal Araf (T-Araf) is the major telomeric sugar. It contains α and β glycosidic bonds and is highly branched, with the presence of a helical structure. In the in vitro antioxidant assay, R1 showed the highest scavenging of superoxide anion radicals at 70.38%, followed by the scavenging of DPPH radicals at 52.9% and the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals at 29.28%. In immunomodulation and anti-cancer experiments, R1 did not significantly inhibit or promote RAW264.7 cells but was able to increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner. It also significantly inhibited cancer cell survival. R1 enhances immunity by limiting the proliferation of cancer cells primarily through direct inhibition while promoting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings reveal the potential benefits of raspberry polysaccharides and provide evidence for developing immunologically functional products from raspberry polysaccharides.
The Global Spread of Microplastics: Contamination in Mussels, Clams, and Crustaceans from World Markets
Authors: Mutić Tamara , Mutić Jelena , Ilić Miloš , Jovanović Vesna , Aćimović Jelena , Andjelković Boban , Stanić-Vucinić Dragana , de Guzman Maria Krishna , Andjelkovic Mirjana , Turkalj Mirjana , Cirkovic Velickovic Tanja
Published: November 2024

Analysis of microplastic (MP) occurrence in commercially relevant species is a prerequisite for food risk assessment. Using a standardized methodology, we aimed to investigate MP contamination in point-of-sale clams, mussels, and Crustacea shellfish collected from various markets (Belgium, Croatia, Serbia, and South Korea). An improved digestion protocol yielded ≥ 99.8% digestion efficiency for all species analyzed. In a total of 190 samples analyzed individually by microFTIR, MPs were identified in 43.68% of the samples with less than 1 MP/individual average (0–4 MP/individual, 0–1.35 MPs/g tissue). Significant differences between species were observed when considering samples contaminated with MPs, with Crustacea shellfish having the lowest MPs/g of edible tissue. Polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene were dominant MPs found in clams and mussels, while polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinyl chloride were the most abundant in Crustacea shellfish. Our data do not support the bioaccumulation or biomagnification of MPs with the size of the animal in the shellfish group. MP contamination is more strongly associated with the type of shellfish than with the geographical origin of the market.
The Potential of Co-Fermentation with Pichia kluyveri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the Production of Low-Alcohol Craft Beer
Authors: Huang Ping-Hsiu , Lin Yung-Chi , Lin Yu-Wen , Zhang You-Wei , Huang Da-Wei
Published: November 2024

The potential health impacts of moderate alcohol consumption have long been debated. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened public awareness of health concerns, creating a clear market opportunity for low-alcohol craft beer development. This study investigated the possibility of low-alcohol craft beer by co-fermentation with different ratios of Pichia kluyveri (P. kluyveri) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) according to the established quality indexes. Specifically, this study was conducted to identify the low-alcohol craft beer quality by fermentation kinetics, growth kinetics, apparent attenuation (AA), real attenuation (RA), residual sugar content, alcohol by volume (ABV), and volatile organic compounds. This study demonstrated that the co-fermentation of SC and P. kluyveri in a 1:10 ratio produced an ABV of 2.98% (v/v). In addition, high concentrations of isoamyl acetate and phenyl ethyl acetate revealed banana, rose, apple, and honey flavors, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that the fermentation of P. kluyveri and SC by co-fermentation and the fermentation process by adjusting the yeast composition developed a craft beer with low alcohol content and rich aroma while establishing the quality indicators.
Protective Effects of Food-Derived Kaempferol on Pancreatic β-Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Song Chenmeng , Zheng Wei , Song Chengyi , Zhou Houfeng , Yao Jengyuan
Published: November 2024

Background: Kaempferol (KPF), a flavonoid abundant in edible plants, possesses potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties beneficial with notable health benefits. Objective: To evaluate the protective effects of KPF on metabolic disturbances and pancreatic damage in a Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mouse model. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal, T1DM, T1DM + KPF 25 mg/kg, and T1DM + KPF 50 mg/kg groups. T1DM was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). KPF was administered via intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks from the start, metabolic parameters, pancreatic histology, and plasma metabolites were analyzed. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified key targets and pathways. In vitro, INS-1 cells were used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Results: KPF significantly reduced blood glucose (GLU) and triglyceride (TG) levels, increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and preserved pancreatic β-cell structure. Metabolomics revealed changes in energy metabolism and oxidative stress-related metabolites. Network analysis highlighted the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, with strong binding affinities to targets such as AKT1. In vitro, KPF decreased ROS production in INS-1 cells; this effect was reversed by a PI3K/AKT inhibitor. KPF also reduced apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Conclusions: KPF ameliorates metabolic disturbances and pancreatic damage in T1DM mice, suggesting potential as a functional food ingredient for diabetes management.
Plant-Based Meat Alternatives Predicted by Theory of Planned Behavior Among Midwest Undergraduates
Authors: Luong Rachel H. , Winham Donna M. , Shelley Mack C. , Glick Abigail A.
Published: November 2024

Plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) such as the Impossible Burger® imitate animal meat appearance, taste, feel, and texture. Part of their consumer appeal are the views that PBMAs are more environmentally friendly, reduce inhumane treatment of animals, and/or have preferred nutritional attributes. College-educated adults are one of the larger markets for these products. This cross-sectional online survey utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict self-reported intakes of PBMAs among 536 undergraduates aged 18–25 at a Midwest university. Sixty-one percent had eaten PBMAs, and 17% wanted to try them. Twenty-two percent were uninterested non-consumers. Their top reason for not eating PBMAs was that they had no reason to decrease their meat intake. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed subjective norms and positive attitudes about PBMAs increased the odds of more frequent intake, whereas non-consumers had less support from social contacts, but greater perceived behavioral control over general food access. Thus, those with supportive social influences, concerns about the environment, and animal welfare are more likely to consume PBMAs. More frequent PBMA consumption was observed among U.S.-born multicultural students, food insecure students, and those with less perceived behavioral control over food access. Future research should investigate the nuances between these associations further by examining the types of PBMAs consumed, their costs, and retail sources across student demographics.
The Influence of Different Butter Type, Their Fatty Acid Composition and Melting Enthalpy on the Viability Rate of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Directly After the Spray-Drying Process and During Storage of Powders
Authors: Fedorowicz Alicja , Bartkowiak Artur
Published: November 2024

The present work reports on the microencapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) by the spray-drying process using a solution of starch, whey protein concentrate (WPC), soy lecithin and ascorbic acid as a carrier, with addition of different types of butters. The aim of this study was to examine the protective mechanism of six different butter samples on the viability rate of LGG bacteria directly after the spray-drying process and during storage for 4 weeks at 4 °C and 20 °C (±1 °C) based on hypothetical factors—the fatty acid’s chemical character and content, and its melting enthalpy. The viability of bacteria, moisture content, water activity, color properties, morphology, particle size of powder, melting enthalpy of butters and their fatty acids composition were evaluated. It is assumed that the highest viability may be indirectly influenced by the relationship between the highest content of proteins and sugars and the lowest content of fats and fatty acids, which is characteristic for butter with a reduced fat content. This butter contained also the least monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The highest number of viable LGG (for systems with reduced-fat butter, as well as salted and lactose-free butter) may be caused by (among other factors) by the lower content of palmitic acid (C16: 0). For these butters, it was also observed that cell viability increased with the increase in melting enthalpy. The results confirmed the protective role of selected butters, which indicates the possibility of using them in industrial processes to increase the durability of additives and products using probiotic powders obtained by spray-drying.
Satisfying Consumer Preferences: The Packaging Design of Guizhou Red Sour Soup
Authors: Quan Huafeng , Li Yiting , Li Qin , Liu Dashuai
Published: November 2024

Red sour soup (RSS) is a traditional food with rich cultural connotations and nutritional value, unique to the Kaili region of Guizhou Province, China. However, the existing packaging design lacks cultural characteristics and visual appeal, which greatly limits its market potential. This study proposes a systematic research framework for RSS packaging design by integrating NLP, Kansei engineering, and semiotics. First, we mined consumers’ dual requirements by analyzing online reviews from e-commerce and tourism platforms using NLP and LDA. Second, we used Kansei engineering to construct a mapping model between consumers’ requirements and design elements. Notably, in the semantic space, we innovatively introduced the concept of a semantic network, considering the relationships between Kansei words for the first time. Finally, we proposed integrating the four dimensions of semiotics into the four stages of design, guiding the application of batik culture in packaging design. Based on this framework, we created a set of RSS packaging designs that integrate modern design concepts and traditional Miao cultural elements. The new design showed significant attractiveness in testing, with 100% of subjects preferring it, fully demonstrating the effectiveness and consumer acceptance of our approach. This study provides new methods and ideas for packaging in the food industry, which has positive significance for the modernized marketing of traditional foods.
Preparation and Characterization of Egg White Protein-Based Composite Edible Coating Containing Thymol Nanoemulsion
Authors: Zhang Huajiang , Wei Afeng , Chuang Rui , Xu Lina , Han Cuiping , Li Hanyu , Xia Ning
Published: November 2024

In this study, thymol-loaded nanoemulsion (THYNE) was incorporated into a mixture of egg white protein and hyaluronic acid to prepare antibacterial biopolymer coatings. The oil phase of the nanoemulsion (NE) was prepared by mixing different mass ratios of thymol and corn oil. NE was formed using ultrasonic emulsification, and the physicochemical properties of the NE were investigated. When the content of thymol in the oil phase was 30%, the particle size reached a minimum of 107.93 nm, PDI was 0.167, and Zeta potential was −18.2 mV, and it remained kinetically stable after 4 weeks of storage at 4 °C. Based on this study, composite coatings containing 5%, 10% and 20% THYNE were prepared, and the rheological properties, microstructure, FTIR, release properties and antibacterial properties of the coatings were investigated. The results show that the coating solutions exhibited shear thinning behavior. With increasing THYNE content, the coating structure became loose and inhomogeneous. The release rate of THY in the coatings was greater in 95% ethanol–water solution than in deionized water. In addition, the coating solutions showed stronger antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus than against Escherichia coli. The egg white protein-based composite coating containing THYNE developed in this study is expected to be an antibacterial material for food packaging with sustained release performance.
Resveratrol Alleviates Fumonisin B1-Induced Cytotoxicity in Sertoli Cells
Authors: Yu Song , Zou Lianpeng , Zhao Jiawei , Zhu Yiping
Published: November 2024

Fumonisin B1 is a common food contaminant that has been found to adversely affect the reproductive system, especially Sertoli cells. However, the potential mitigation of FB1-induced cytotoxicity in Sertoli cells has not been fully elaborated. Resveratrol is a natural substance with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. Herein, the protective effects of resveratrol against FB1-induced cytotoxicity in Sertoli cells were examined in this work. The mouse Sertoli cell line (TM4) was used as a research model. These results indicated that FB1 (40 μM and 80 μM) significantly reduces cell viability, disrupts the cell barrier, and induces an inflammatory response in TM4 cells. To our surprise, resveratrol (15 μM) showed an ability to reverse adverse effects induced by FB1 (40 μM). Furthermore, resveratrol could alleviate the FB1-induced apoptosis, decrease ROS level, and promote the antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD2) expression in FB1-treated TM4 cells. The addition of resveratrol could mitigate FB1-induced promoted phosphorylation of JNK and upregulation of c-jun expression. Interestingly, resveratrol was also able to mitigate the cytotoxicity of FB2 (40 μM), FB3 (40 μM), and an FB1-FB2-FB3 (40 μM-40 μM-40 μM) combination group on TM4 cells. In summary, this research displayed that resveratrol may alleviate fumonisin B1-induced cytotoxicity in Sertoli cells via inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated JNK/c-jun signaling pathway-induced apoptosis. This study provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of FB1-induced testicular toxicity and highlights the potential application value of resveratrol.
Understanding the Geotechnical Behaviour of Pumiceous Soil: A Review
Authors: Elankumaran Balasubramanian , de Graaf Kim L. , Orense Rolando P.
Published: November 2024

Pumiceous deposits, commonly found in volcanic regions such as the Ring of Fire and the Alpide Belt, pose significant engineering challenges due to the presence of highly crushable and compressible grains in their matrix. These deposits exhibit complex geotechnical characteristics and are frequently linked to natural events like landslides and earthquakes. Research in countries such as New Zealand, Japan, Indonesia, Italy, and Central and South America aims to better understand the mechanical behaviour of these materials. Key influencing factors include geological properties, microstructure, shearing characteristics, and the impact of particle breakage. Comparative studies have identified similarities in specific gravity, void ratio, particle size distribution, and shearing mechanisms across regions. However, notable differences appear when compared to hard-grained sands including higher void ratios, variations in relative density due to crushable grains, and increased angularity. Some responses of pumiceous deposits, such as strain softening, liquefaction resistance depending on gradation, and apparent cohesion from grain interlocking, mirror those of hard sands; however, particle crushing plays a crucial role in the behaviour. Accurate numerical modelling, which simulates crushing under different conditions, is essential for characterising pumiceous deposits in situ, providing engineers with a better understanding of these materials across diverse site conditions.
Relationship Between Critically Longer Working Hours, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Masatoshi , Seto Ryoma , Oguro Michiko , Sato Yoshino
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan has been promoting physicians’ working style reforms since 2019. This study aimed to update the relationship between working hours, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among obstetricians and gynecologists, based on the physicians’ working style reforms. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among obstetricians and gynecologists, and valid responses were obtained from 1164 physicians. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant associations. Results: Of the respondents, 49.8% were female, and most physicians were aged 30–39 (32.1%). Precisely, 57.4% worked in public hospitals, and 47.9% worked in urban areas. Physicians working 40 ≤ x < 60 h per week accounted for the largest proportion of physicians. Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation accounted for 16.4% and 3.6% of participants, respectively. The following factors were significantly associated with depressive symptoms as a dependent variable: other occupation, having two or three children, working 60–80 h or >100 h per week, and working in rural areas. None of these variables was significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Conclusions: The physicians’ working style reforms have reduced the number of working hours for obstetricians and gynecologists. However, rates of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation have not improved.
Prevalence and Management of Burnout Among Dental Professionals Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Negucioiu Marius , Buduru Smaranda , Ghiz Simina , Kui Andreea , Șoicu Sebastian , Buduru Rareș , Sava Sorina
Published: November 2024

Background: Burnout syndrome represents a significant challenge in healthcare, impacting dental professionals globally across all geographic, demographic, or socioeconomic backgrounds. Pervasive work-related stress and insufficient management practices highlight the urgent need for enhanced awareness and targeted interventions. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prevalence, causes, and impacts of burnout among dental professionals and to explore the effectiveness of various occupational health interventions aimed at managing and preventing burnout in the dental sector during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from January 2014 to April 2024. The eligibility criteria included studies reporting on the prevalence of burnout, interventions to reduce burnout, and the impact of burnout on dental practices. A quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Results: The findings indicate high levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment among dental practitioners, with significant variations influenced by workplace factors, professional relationships, and pandemic-related stresses. Differential effects based on educational level and age were also evident. Conclusions: This review highlights the urgent need for targeted public health initiatives and occupational health strategies to address and mitigate burnout in dentistry. Emphasizing professional relationships and workplace dynamics could play a crucial role in the prevention and management of burnout (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024586616).
Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge in Managing Minor Ailments: A Focus on Childhood Gastroenteritis in Saudi Arabia Using a Simulated Patient Approach
Authors: Fadil Haifa A. , Khojah Hani M. J. , Alzahrani Fahad , Habeeb Ehsan A. , Elshafie Riham Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Background: Community pharmacists are frequently approached by patients seeking health advice for minor ailments, particularly for common childhood diseases like diarrhea. Globally, approximately two million children under five years of age die each year due to diarrhea, which remains a significant health concern, especially in developing countries. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the skills of community pharmacists in addressing and prescribing for simple viral diarrhea in children. Methods: A hundred community pharmacies were visited by simulated clients following a standard scenario of inquiring about simple childhood diarrhea. Subsequently, they filled out a standardized form after each visit to assess the skills of the community pharmacists. Results: It was found that 98% of the pharmacists were males. Approximately 80% of them inquired about the child’s age, while only 29% asked about the presence of fever. Around 2–6% of them only asked about the stool nature, child’s feeding behavior, and family symptoms. Around 10% of them suggested a potential bacterial origin, and 24% recommended the use of antibiotics. Only 43% of the community pharmacists suggested the use of oral rehydration solution, while 15–56% recommended using antidiarrheals, anti-emetics, and spasmolytics. The mean knowledge score of the pharmacists was 9.06 out of 17. Conclusions: The results indicated a relatively low level of knowledge about managing simple viral childhood diarrhea, which may reflect a similar level of knowledge about dealing with minor ailments in general.
The Bleeding Must Be Stopped! Management in the Situation of Hemorrhages—A Prospective Randomized Controlled Prospective Simulation Study
Authors: Starosolski Michal , Kalemba Alicja , Kaplan Cezary , Majewska Karolina , Ulbrich Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Introduction: In a pre-hospital setting, uncontrolled hemorrhages in patients are undoubtedly a highly stressful situation for the rescuing medic, demanding prompt intervention. The effective stopping of a hemorrhage significantly reduces the risk of death for victims. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the students’ chosen methods and the effectiveness of their actions during a simulated hemorrhage situation. In addition, the students’ behavior and their cognitive overload classified using the NASA scale were also analyzed. Methods: The study enrolled 101 medical students, who were randomized and assigned sequentially to a study group (n = 49) and a control group (n = 52). The research group participated in a training course. Both groups then proceeded to a simulated hemorrhage scenario in a patient in a pre-hospital setting. Finally, the students assessed their cognitive overload using the NASA scale. Results: After the training, more students have achieved effective bleeding control (36/49, 73.5% vs. 22/52, 42.3%, p = 0.002). The prevalent method of bleeding control in both groups was using a tourniquet (97/101, 96%) with or without additional gauze and bandages. A significant improvement in the technique of the tourniquet application was observed—in the control group, 23/52 students (47.9%) applied it properly, while in the study group, it was 36/49 (73.5%). This resulted in a shorter time to achieve effective bleeding control and lower blood loss in the study group (p = 0.013 and p = 0.034, respectively). The median blood loss was 32 mL (IQR = 24, range 11–65 mL) in the study group compared to 53 mL (IQR = 26, range 10–117 mL) in the control group. Conclusions: The education program for young medics needs changes, including an increased emphasis on learning procedures and improving practical skills.
Associations Between Retinal Vascular Occlusions and Dementia
Authors: Prasad Minali , Goodman Deniz , Gutta Sanhit , Sheikh Zahra , Cabral Howard J. , Shunyakova Jenny , Sanjiv Nayan , Curley Cameron , Yarala Rohun Reddy , Tsai Lynna , Siegel Nicole H. , Chen Xuejing , Poulaki Vasiliki , Alosco Michael L. , Stein Thor D. , Ness Steven , Subramanian Manju L.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Retinal vascular occlusions, such as retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and retinal artery occlusion (RAO), are associated with cognitive impairment, including dementia. Our objective was to examine the odds of dementia among patients with retinal vascular occlusion. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 474 patients with retinal vascular occlusion and 948 patients without retinal vascular occlusion (comparison group). Patients in the comparison group were age- and sex-matched to those with vascular occlusion. Logistic regression was used to analyze the odds of all-cause dementia, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and ophthalmic covariates. Main outcome measures included the presence of all-cause dementia, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Results: Patients with RVO (n = 413) had increased odds for all-cause dementia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44–3.75; p < 0.001) and vascular dementia (OR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.41–7.68; p = 0.006) relative to the comparison group. Patients with central RVO (n = 192) (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.19–4.54; p = 0.014) or branch RVO (n = 221) (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.30–5.50; p = 0.007) had increased odds for all-cause dementia relative to the comparison group. Patients with RAO (n = 61) did not have increased odds of all-cause dementia (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.32–3.26; p = 0.983), vascular dementia (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 0.22–10.81; p = 0.663), or Alzheimer’s disease (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.05–2.20; p = 0.244). Conclusions: A history of any RVO is associated with increased rates of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia independent of shared cardiovascular risk factors. These associations are not seen with a history of RAO, or between any subtype of vascular occlusions and Alzheimer’s disease.
Effects of Barefoot Walking in Urban Forests on CRP, IFNγ, and Serotonin Levels
Authors: Kim Jae Sun , Lee Mi Mi , Kim Dong Soo , Shin Chang Seob
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigated the effects of barefoot walking on an urban forest path on participants’ C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and serotonin levels, which are associated with feelings of well-being. Methods: Participants in the walking program included 62 consenting adults, divided into a sneaker-wearing and barefoot group (each N = 31). The program comprised 20 sessions, each consisting of a 90 min 4.4 km walk at a 50–70% target heart rate, held four times per week for 5 weeks. Physiological measurements were taken from pre-program saliva samples and after 10 and 20 sessions, respectively. Results: The sneaker-wearing group showed a consistent CRP increase, with levels reaching statistical significance after 20 sessions. In the barefoot group, CRP increased up to Session 10 but was lower than at the end of Session 20. The analysis of those with an initial CRP above 100 pg/mL showed that CRP was statistically significantly lower in the barefoot (N = 14) than in the sneaker-wearing (t = −0.048, p = 0.963) group after 20 sessions compared to before the program (t = 3.027, p = 0.010). IFNγ increased in both groups up to Session 10 but showed minimal change between Sessions 10 and 20. Serotonin was statistically significantly higher after 20 sessions than before the program in the barefoot group (t = −2.081, p = 0.046). Conclusions: Barefoot walking on forest trails is effective for people with above-normal inflammation, increasing serotonin levels.
Do Health Literate Older People Have Fewer Depressive Symptoms? Evidence from the Urban Areas of Western China
Authors: Huang Chuchen , Cui Weixiu , Yang Ye , Huang Xinlin , Li Chengbo , Lin Ziyue
Published: November 2024

Background: Previous research has indicated that health literacy has a good influence on the mental health among older adults. The current study aims to determine whether health literacy is linked to depressive symptoms in older adults in west China, and tries to detect the mechanisms underlying the linkage between health literacy and depressive symptoms in the Chinese context. Methods: Study data were obtained from a cross-sectional ageing health literacy survey conducted in 2017 in Western China, and 812 urban individuals aged 60 and older were selected. Results: Health literacy was associated with fewer symptoms of depression; additionally, older adults who reported harmonious family and filial piety, those with greater self-rated health, and those with a higher level of life satisfaction tended to have fewer depressive symptoms, whereas older individuals who reported a poor financial status and those with functional impairment had more depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The findings indicate the protective role of health literacy against depressive symptoms among urban older adults. In addition, the findings also indicate the potential impact of financial strain and functional impairment on the development of depressive symptoms and show that other factors including a harmonious family, filial piety, self-rated health and life satisfaction are generally protective against depressive symptoms. Specific evidence is presented for the national action plans and public health strategies needed to reinforce and promote health literacy in the Chinese context. The current results also suggest that health education and promotion programs designed to strengthen financial assistance, functional improvement, family relationships, life satisfaction and self-rated health should gain a growing importance on the health agenda. Future longitudinal studies, mediation or moderator models, and structural equation modeling would be needed to identify a causal relationship, the moderating or mediating effect, and the possible pathways underlying the linkage between health literacy and depressive symptoms, respectively.
Enhancing ‘Mirlo Rojo’ Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Quality Through Regulated Deficit Irrigation: Effects on Antioxidant Activity, Fatty Acid Profile, and Volatile Compounds
Authors: Andreu-Coll Lucía , Burló Francisco , Galindo Alejandro , García-Brunton Jesús , Vigueras-Fernández Jesús , Blaya-Ros Pedro J. , Martínez-Font Rafael , Noguera-Artiaga Luis , Sendra Esther , Hernández Francisca , Signes-Pastor Antonio J.
Published: November 2024

Water scarcity is a significant global risk affecting health, food security, economic development, social stability, environmental sustainability, and climate change adaptation. Implementing deficit irrigation strategies can improve water efficiency and agricultural resilience. Spain, particularly the Region of Murcia, has pioneered apricot cultivation, with the ‘Mirlo Rojo’ variety known for its high productivity, Sharka virus resistance, and exceptional organoleptic qualities. This study evaluates the effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the quality, antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, and volatile compounds of ‘Mirlo Rojo’ apricots. Four irrigation treatments (100% ETc, 60% ETc, 33% ETc, and 0% ETc) were tested during the final growth stages in May 2023. Results showed no adverse effects on the evaluated parameters. RDI treatments increased total soluble solids, glucose, and fructose content, improving maturity and sweetness indices. RDI also enhanced phenolic content and antioxidant activity, optimizing water use without compromising fruit quality and bioactive compounds.
A Novel Time-Varying P-III Distribution Curve Fitting Model to Estimate Design Floods in Three Gorges Reservoir Operation Period
Authors: Xie Yuzuo , Guo Shenglian , Zhong Sirui , Wang Xiaoya , Tian Jing , Liang Zhiming
Published: November 2024

Design floods are traditionally estimated based on the at-site annual maximum flood series, including historical information of hydraulic structures. Nevertheless, the construction and operation of upstream reservoirs undermine the assumption of stationarity in the downstream flood data series. This paper investigates non-stationary design flood estimation considering historical information from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in the Yangtze River. Based on the property that the distribution function of a continuous random variable increases monotonically, we proposed a novel time-varying P-III distribution coupled with the curve fitting method (referred to as the Tv-P3/CF model) to estimate design floods in the TGR operation period, and we comparatively studied the reservoir indices and parameter estimation methods. The results indicate that: (1) The modified reservoir index used as a covariate can effectively capture the non-stationary characteristics of the flood series; (2) The Tv-P3/CF model emphasizes the fitness of historical information, yielding superior results compared to time-varying P-III distribution estimated by the maximum likelihood method; (3) Compared to the original design values, the 1000-year design peak discharge Qm and 3-day and 7-day flood volumes in the TGR operation period are reduced by approximately 20%, while the 15-day and 30-day flood volumes are reduced by about 16%; (4) The flood-limited water level of the TGR can be raised from 145 m to 154 m, which can annually generate 0.32 billion kW h more hydropower (or increase by 6.8%) during flood season without increasing flood prevention risks.
A Distributed RF Threat Sensing Architecture
Authors: Michalis Georgios , Rousias Andreas , Kanaris Loizos , Kokkinis  Akis , Kanaris  Pantelis , Stavrou Stavros
Published: November 2024

The scope of this work is to propose a distributed RF sensing architecture that interconnects and utilizes a cyber security operations center (SOC) to support long-term RF threat monitoring, alerting, and further centralized processing. For the purpose of this work, RF threats refer mainly to RF jamming, since this can jeopardize multiple wireless systems, either directly as a Denial of Service (DoS) attack, or as a means to force a cellular or WiFi wireless client to connect to a malicious system. Furthermore, the possibility of the suggested architecture to monitor signals from malicious drones in short distances is also examined. The work proposes, develops, and examines the performance of RF sensing sensors that can monitor any frequency band within the range of 1 MHz to 8 GHz, through selective band pass RF filtering, and subsequently these sensors are connected to a remote SOC. The proposed sensors incorporate an automatic calibration and time-depended environment RF profiling algorithm and procedure for optimizing RF jamming detection in a dense RF spectrum, occupied by heterogeneous RF technologies, thus minimizing false-positive alerts. The overall architecture supports TCP/IP interconnections of multiple RF jamming detection sensors through an efficient MQTT protocol, allowing the collaborative operation of sensors that are distributed in different areas of interest, depending on the scenario of interest, offering holistic monitoring by the centralized SOC. The incorporation of the centralized SOC in the overall architecture allows also the centralized application of machine learning algorithms on all the received data.
A Review of Eco-Friendly Road Infrastructure Innovations for Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Tafida Adamu , Alaloul Wesam Salah , Zawawi Noor Amila Bt Wan , Musarat Muhammad Ali , Abubakar Adamu Sani
Published: November 2024

Eco-friendly road infrastructure is vital for the advancement of sustainable transportation and promotion of efficient urban mobility. This systematic literature review explores the current state of research and development in the eco-friendly road infrastructure area. This review explored three electronic databases to gather pertinent studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This study explored a wide range of research areas pertinent to eco-friendly road infrastructure. The findings highlight significant progress in the utilization of recycled materials, integration of photovoltaic, piezoelectric, and other energy harvesting technologies, regulatory frameworks, AI and machine learning for monitoring, predictive maintenance, and other technologies to enhance road sustainability and performance. This review analyzed the development of eco-friendly road infrastructure and identified several challenges such as high initial costs, technical performance issues, regulatory gaps, limited public acceptance, and the complexity of integrating advanced technologies. Addressing these challenges will require collaboration, further advancement in knowledge, and standardized regulations. This review serves to broaden the knowledge of the area and offer direction for future research and policy discussions, underscoring the need for continuous advancement in eco-friendly road infrastructure to meet sustainable development goals and address the challenges of climate change.
Comments on Ambrogi et al. Lung Metastasectomy: Where Do We Stand? Results from an Italian Multicentric Prospective Database. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3106
Authors: Treasure Tom , Macbeth Fergus
Published: November 2024

We were interested to read the results from the Italian database [...]
Role of Uremic Toxins in Vascular Inflammation Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chermiti Rania , Burtey Stéphane , Dou Laetitia
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), despite improvements in patient care. Vascular inflammation is a crucial process in the pathogenesis of CVD and a critical factor in the cardiovascular complications in CKD patients. CKD promotes a pro-inflammatory environment that impacts the vascular wall, leading to endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and vascular remodeling. The uremic toxins that accumulate as kidney function declines are key contributors to vascular inflammatory processes. Our review will examine how CKD leads to vascular inflammation, paving the way to CVD. We will provide an overview of the mechanisms of vascular inflammation induced by uremic toxins, with a particular focus on those derived from tryptophan metabolism. These toxins, along with their receptor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), have emerged as key players linking inflammation and thrombosis. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation in CKD, particularly those driven by uremic toxins, could reveal valuable therapeutic targets to alleviate the burden of CVD in CKD patients.