bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATIVE PEDAGOGY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: UNRAVELING THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Capinding Andie Tangonan , Dumayas Franklin Tubeje
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in education, significantly influencing students. This research explores AI's impact on learning experiences, academic performance, career guidance, motivation, self-reliance, social interaction, and AI dependency. Utilizing a descriptive-comparative design, 194 student respondents were chosen through stratified sampling. The results show that students generally perceive AI positively. Students agree that AI enhances personalized learning, engagement, and critical thinking, although practical hands-on learning experiences received less favorable feedback. Academically, students concur that AI helps them identify weaknesses, improve assignments, and track progress, despite some reservations about its efficacy in exam preparation. For career guidance, students agree that AI effectively matches skills with career options, recommends internships, and provides resources, though it is less effective for long-term planning. Students also believe AI boosts motivation through gamified learning and progress tracking and fosters self-reliance via self-directed learning and critical thinking support. Socially, students agree that AI facilitates collaboration, peer learning, and networking. Additionally, students demonstrate a reliance on AI for their learning processes. Notably, female students report a more significant impact on social interactions than male students. The type of device used (laptop vs. cellphone) significantly affects the learning experience, with laptop users reporting a more substantial impact. Differences in AI's impact are noted among various courses, particularly benefiting education students more than those in hospitality management and agriculture. However, age and family income do not significantly influence AI's overall impact.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, descriptive-comparative, impact on learning, higher education
EDUCATION OF REFUGEE CHILDREN WITHIN THE INTREF PROJECT FRAMEWORK
Authors: Kerneža Maja , Zemljak Dejan , Kordigel Aberšek Metka , Aberšek Boris , Legvart Polona , Konšak Helena , Sari Hakan , Hanuliakova Ildiko , Huber Loreta , Laurusone Inga , Terzioglu Kübra , Kilic Metin
Published: October 2024

Amidst growing migratory movements and hurdles of assimilation, the INTREF initiative strives to craft a comprehensive strategy for the schooling of refugee children, melding e-learning, emotional and social support, along with adaptable teaching methods. This endeavor learns on principles like linguistic diversity, cross-cultural skills, and customizing the educational journey, crucial for assimilation and triumph within academic settings. Studies indicate the indispensability of bespoke linguistic assistance, cognizance of cultural variances, and personalized educational tactics for the seamless school transition and societal assimilation of children in refuge. The project devised a survey instrument aimed at evaluating the baseline educational scenario in the participating nations and formulating education plans tailored to specific needs. This survey zeroes on four pivotal areas: linguistic proficiency, cross-cultural consciousness, embracing diversity, and pedagogical customization. Feedback from 31 students, 30 teachers and 28 parents revealed a pressing need for augmented linguistic aid in Slovenia, heightened cross-cultural understanding, and classroom method modification to enrich the academic experiences of culturally diverse children. The findings also underscore a discernible discrepancy between the perspectives of educators versus those of parents and children. The insights from this survey lay the groundwork for creating innovative instructional units and resources, finely adapted to the needs of children in refuge. By forging links between theoretical insights and practical application, as well as among various educational stakeholders, INTREF is ready to enrich the discourse and practices surrounding inclusivity, and endeavor made increasingly pertinent by the recent global disruptions, including the migratory dilemma and the COVID-19 outbreak.
Keywords: educational system, individualization of education, integration practices, intercultural competence, refugee children
Vai trò trung gian của cường độ năng lượng trong tác động của FDI tới lượng phát thải CO2 tại các quốc gia đang phát triển trên thế giới
Authors: Đinh Thị Thanh Bình
Published: October 2024

Vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài có vai trò quan trọng trong việc tiếp nhận công nghệ tiên tiến giúp tăng trưởng kinh tế và bảo vệ môi trường. Bài viết này tìm hiểu cơ chế mới mà vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài tác động tới lượng phát thải khí carbon thông qua cường độ năng lượng tại các quốc gia đang phát triển trên thế giới trong giai đoạn từ 2000-2020. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài tăng làm tăng lượng phát thải khí carbon ở các nước đang phát triển. Tuy nhiên hiệu ứng trung gian của cường độ năng lượng sẽ làm giảm tác động của vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài đến lượng phát thải khí carbon thông qua sự dịch chuyển công nghệ. Dựa trên kết quả nghiên cứu, bài viết đề xuất một số hàm ý chính sách để giúp các quốc gia đang phát triển thu hút vốn vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài và bảo vệ môi trường.
González Martínez, E. Bases científicas para la autentificación de obra pictórica y escultórica
Authors: Blasco Pérez Valle
Published: October 2024

Reseña del libro Bases científicas para la autentificación de obra pictórica y escultórica, de E. González Martínez (2023).
Connectivity of scamp Mycteroperca phenax populations in the United States Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Brothers JR , Shertzer KW , Karnauskas M , Vaz AC , Bacheler NM , Paris CB
Published: October 2024

Connectivity among marine fish populations not only arises through the movement of adults but also through larval dispersal facilitated by ocean currents. For species with long pelagic larval duration and high site fidelity as adults, larval dispersal can be the dominant mechanism of connectivity among otherwise spatially distinct populations. Therefore, when assessing the recruitment dynamics or population structure of such species, it is essential to evaluate how larval biology and reproductive ecology interact with oceanographic circulation. To investigate this interaction for scamp Mycteroperca phenax, a grouper found in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, we simulated the dispersal of millions of virtual larvae throughout the scamp’s range near the southeastern USA. We found a pattern of local retention, with larvae tending to settle close to their spawning location. There was also, however, long-distance dispersal that consistently crossed the boundary between spatial management units. Due to directional patterns in oceanographic transport and spatial differences in abundance, almost one-third of the virtual larvae that settled in the Atlantic came from spawning locations in the Gulf of Mexico, although most of these settled near the boundary between the regions. These patterns were robust to a variety of sensitivity analyses, but the magnitude of connectivity between management units varied. This connectivity has significant implications for stock assessment and fishery management. It may increase the resilience of Atlantic populations, but it also means that the sustainability of Atlantic populations may rely, in part, on the health of spawning populations in the Gulf of Mexico.
Challenges Humanitarian Aid Professionals Face Working with Unaccompanied Minors in Mexico
Authors: Parra-Sánchez Harumi , Frances Gordon Sarah , Polanco Hernández Graciela , Turnbull Bernardo , Vidal de Haymes María
Published: October 2024

This study explores the experiences of humanitarian aid professionals working with unaccompanied migrant minors in Mexico. Using a qualitative research design, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with eight of these professionals (three men and five women), ages 30 to 45. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to decipher the rich narratives from the interviews. The findings of this study reveal the significant stress experienced by humanitarian aid workers in this context, shedding light on the coping strategies adopted to manage the psychological strain inherent to their roles. In addition to these insights, this study reveals key thematic elements encompassing these professionals’ perspectives on the migrant crisis and the challenges faced in their work.
Azot is Not Essential for Loser Cell Elimination in a Time-dependent Manner
Authors: Marques-Reis Mariana , Hauert Barbara , Moreno Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Cell competition is a conserved phenomenon spanning from arthropods to humans. It involves the elimination of viable yet suboptimal "loser" cells when juxtaposed with their fitter "winner" counterparts. This process has received increased attention for its implications in cancer initiation and progression, neurodegeneration, and ageing.

This study investigates the presence of the loser fitness fingerprint Flower LoseB (Fwe LB) and the fitness checkpoint Azot in the optic lobes over a period of 28 days. Notably, the absence of Azot is conventionally linked to the accumulation of loser cells over time. However, our investigation reveals that this accumulation is not perpetual and, intriguingly, Azot is not required for loser cell elimination in this context because loser cells are still eliminated by apoptosis in its absence. Furthermore, we wanted to clarify the percentage of loser cells that are eliminated, and the percentage of dying cells identified as loser during cell competition. We estimate that fewer than 50% of Fwe LB-expressing cells also express Azot and undergo apoptosis. Remarkably, our calculations also demonstrate that over 50% of cells undergoing apoptosis at any given time point are positive for the loser markers Fwe LB and Azot, stressing the relevant role of cell competition in promoting the elimination of suboptimal cells.

This comprehensive analysis of fitness marker dynamics over a 28-day timeframe sheds new light on the intricate mechanisms governing Flower-dependent cell competition.
A Biblical Approach to Addressing the Challenges of Puberty in Adolescents Aged 9-14 Based on Psalm 119:9
Authors: Gunawan Nalita , Paulus Yanto
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the challenges faced by adolescents aged 9-14 during puberty, including physical, emotional, and psychological changes. Many adolescents struggle to maintain morality in accordance with their faith-based values. Psalm 119:9 poses the question of how a young person can keep their way pure, providing a foundation for a biblical approach to help adolescents navigate the turbulence of puberty. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of a biblical approach based on Psalm 119:9 in addressing the issues of puberty. The study offers theological and practical perspectives for parents, teachers, and church leaders in guiding adolescents. The research method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach and biblical text analysis, specifically of Psalm 119:9. Surveys and interviews with parents, religious teachers, and adolescents were conducted to gather empirical data on the application of biblical principles. The findings indicate that a deep understanding of Psalm 119:9 helps adolescents align their behavior with biblical teachings. This approach can serve as an effective tool in helping adolescents maintain moral integrity amidst modern challenges. In conclusion, the biblical approach based on Psalm 119:9 is relevant in guiding adolescents through puberty and reinforcing their morality according to Christian faith teachings.
Problem Ajaran Inkarnasi Mistis dalam Kristologi: Analisa Dogmatis dan Teologis
Authors: Manurung Pangeran
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the understanding of mystical incarnation within the context of the Logos Seminar, a theological forum that often provides alternative perspectives on traditional doctrines. The main focus of the article is the differing interpretation of incarnation presented by the Logos Seminar compared to the traditional understanding of incarnation upheld by the Church. The Logos Seminar claims that the Church’s understanding of incarnation has been influenced by pagan culture, leading to a mystical interpretation of the concept. The aim of this study is to critically examine the mystical incarnation concept promoted by the Logos Seminar and to evaluate its theological claims in comparison to traditional doctrines and systematic theology scholars' views. Through dogmatic and theological analysis, the author explores the core ideas of mystical incarnation and compares them with the perspectives of systematic theology scholars. The findings reveal that the mystical incarnation concept contradicts two key aspects: (1) the theological meaning of "God coming into the world" as described in several letters of the New Testament, and (2) the approach proposed by mystical incarnation differs from previous scholars' approaches, who, despite their varying methods, consistently emphasized the divinity of Jesus during His ministry on earth. While John’s Gospel introduces the incarnation as part of the mission of salvation, the mystical incarnation views it as a human process, placing Jesus on par with ordinary humans, comparable to Adam.
Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-BODIPY dyad: a molecular rotor for FRET-based viscosity sensing
Authors: Agrawal Richa , Gorai Sudip , Yadav Sunil Suresh , Wadawale Amey P. , Mula Soumyaditya
Published: October 2024

With the aim to develop a FRET-based viscosity sensor, two dyad molecules, 4 and 5, comprising tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (TAPP) (donor) and naked boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes (acceptor), were designed. Dyads were synthesized via acid-catalyzed multicomponent reactions followed by Sonogashira coupling. In both dyads, the BODIPY and TAPP moieties are linked through phenylethynyl groups, which allow free rotation of the BODIPY dyes; that is, they can act as molecular rotors. This was supported by X-ray crystallographic and DFT-optimized structures. Spectroscopic studies also confirmed the presence of both TAPP and BODIPY dyes in dyads with no electronic interactions that are suitable for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Very high energy transfer efficiency (ETE >99%) from the donor TAPP moiety to the acceptor BODIPY moiety on excitation at the TAPP part was observed. However, due to the non-fluorescent nature of naked BODIPY dyes, no fluorescence emission was observed from the BODIPY moiety in both dyads. With increasing solvent viscosities, emission from the BODIPY moieties increases due to the restricted rotation of the BODIPY moieties. Plotting the logarithms of the fluorescent intensity of dyad 5 and the viscosity of the solution showed a good linear correlation obeying a Förster–Hoffmann equation. Non-fluorescent dyad 5 in methanol became greenish-yellow fluorescent in a methanol/glycerol (1:1) solvent. Furthermore, with an increase in the temperature of the methanol/glycerol (1:1) system, as the viscosity decreases, the fluorescence also starts decreasing. Thus, dyad 5 is capable of sensing the viscosity of the medium via a FRET-based “Off-On” mechanism. This type of viscosity sensor with a very large pseudo-Stokes shift and increased sensitivity will be useful for advancing chemo-bio sensing and imaging applications.
Priming from within: TLR2 dependent but receptor independent activation of the mammary macrophage inflammasome by Streptococcus uberis
Authors: Hinds Abbie , Ward Philip , Archer Nathan , Leigh James
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Streptococcus uberis is a member of the pyogenic cluster of Streptococcus commonly associated with intramammary infection and mastitis in dairy cattle. It is a poorly controlled globally endemic pathogen responsible for a significant cause of the disease worldwide. The ruminant mammary gland provides an atypical body niche in which immune cell surveillance occurs on both sides of the epithelial tissue. S. uberis does not cause disease in non-ruminant species and is an asymptomatic commensal in other body niches. S. uberis exploits the unusual niche of the mammary gland to initiate an innate response from bovine mammary macrophage (BMMO) present in the secretion (milk) in which it can resist the host immune responses. As a result – and unexpectedly - the host inflammatory response is a key step in the pathogenesis of S.uberis, without which colonisation is impaired. In contrast to other bacteria pathogenic to the bovine mammary gland, S. uberis does not elicit innate responses from epithelial tissues; initial recognition of infection is via macrophages within milk.

Methods

We dissected the role of the bacterial protein SUB1154 in the inflammasome pathway using ex vivo bovine mammary macrophages isolated from milk, recombinant protein expression, and a panel of inhibitors, agonists, and antagonists. We combine this with reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR to investigate the mechanisms underlying SUB1154-mediated priming of the immune response.

Results

Here, we show that SUB1154 is responsible for priming the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages found in the mammary gland. Without SUB1154, IL-1β is not produced, and we were able to restore IL-1β responses to a sub1154 deletion S. uberis mutant using recombinant SUB1154. Surprisingly, only by blocking internalisation, or the cytoplasmic TIR domain of TLR2 were we able to block SUB1154-mediated priming.

Discussion

Together, our data unifies several contrasting past studies and provides new mechanistic understanding of potential early interactions between pyogenic streptococci and the host.
A rare homozygous variant of CHKB induced severe cardiomyopathy and a cardiac conduction disorder: a case report
Authors: Jing Siyuan , Liu Lu , Li Yifei , Liu Fuqiang , Hua Yimin , Duan Hongyu
Published: October 2024

Background

The CHKB (choline kinase beta) gene plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function and choline metabolism. Mutations in CHKB lead to conditions such as megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy (MCMD), characterized by enlarged mitochondria and impaired mitochondrial function, inducing various clinical features in neurological and cardiac performance. Herein, we report a rare case presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy as the dominant feature with a homozygous nonsense variant of CHKB, and the related therapeutic strategy.

Case presentation

The proband, a 13-year-old male, presented with a complex clinical profile characterized by mild intellectual disability and severe cardiac impairment, including reduced activity tolerance, suspected acute heart failure, significant cardiac enlargement, a left anterior fascicular block, and a complete right bundle branch block. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a homozygous nonsense variant, c.598delC (p.Q200Rfs*11) of the CHKB gene, that resulted in disease caused by amino acid sequence changes, a truncated protein, and splice site changes, as demonstrated by MutationTaster analysis. The protein structure of CHKB was built and named AF-Q9Y259-F1. The residue around 200 amino acid sites changed in CHKB p.Q200Rfs*11 with unaltered hydrogen bonds which indicated the pathogenicity of the variant mainly originated from a truncated protein induced by the nonsense mutation. The heart blocks in the proband were considered to be associated with choline metabolic impairment, and thus cardiac resynchronization therapy would benefit the patient. Furthermore, the missense homozygous or compound heterozygous variants of CHKB, as well as the combined compound heterozygous missense and nonsense variants of CHKB, usually lead to neurological impairments and muscular weakness.

Conclusion

This study expands the spectrum of CHKB mutations and provides essential information for the genotype–phenotype map of a nonsense variant of the gene. It is important to confirm a differential diagnosis among such patients using WES analyses. Regular cardiac and musculoskeletal monitoring is recommended for MCMD patients. Patients with a CHKB deficiency presenting with heart blocks could benefit from the administration of cardiac resynchronization therapy. This therapeutic approach might improve cardiac function and conduction in patients with CHKB-related cardiomyopathies.
Association of body roundness index with abdominal aortic calcification among middle aged and elderly population: findings from NHANES
Authors: Wu Ji , Lu Daojun , Chen Xiang
Published: October 2024

Aim

We aim to investigate the association between body roundness index (BRI) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) among middle aged and elderly US residents.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 cycle, including 3,079 middle-aged and elderly participants aged 40 and above. AAC scores for these participants were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BRI was calculated from participants’ height and waist circumference, with all measurements conducted by trained surveyors using standardized methods. The relationship between BRI and AAC was analyzed using weighted multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for confounding variable. Additionally, restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis was also employed.

Results

We found that those with AAC were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of smoking and chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence compared to those without AAC. Using weighted multivariable logistic regression, we determined that an increase of one unit in BRI was associated with a 22% higher risk of AAC. Additionally, higher BRI quartiles (Q2, Q3, Q4) showed significantly increased risks of AAC compared to the lowest quartile. Visualization using RCS indicated a gradual increase in AAC risk with higher BRI, which plateaued beyond a BRI of 7.2. This relationship was significant across different age and gender group.

Conclusion

There is a positive association between abdominal obesity (as measured by BRI) and AAC in the middle-aged and elderly population. This suggests the impact of abdominal obesity on vascular health and that this factor should be considered in public health strategies.
Integration of computational thinking in initial teacher training for primary schools: a systematic review
Authors: Rodrigues Rita Neves , Costa Cecília , Martins Fernando
Published: October 2024

Computational Thinking, a capacity based on the principles of computing, has been highlighted in the specialized literature as an essential skill for the 21st century, bringing significant benefits to the problem-solving process. In this way, norms for the integration of Computational Thinking in education have emerged in the educational curricula of several countries. For this integration to be successful, it is essential that the training given to pre-service teachers enables them to develop well-planned and structured interventions to promote the development of Computational Thinking. This article presents a systematic review of the literature that aims to investigate how the development of Computational Thinking has been integrated into teacher training. Eleven articles that corresponded to the selected research criteria were found, and the characteristics of their studies are analysed and presented in this article. The article concludes that it is necessary to invest in pre-service teacher training, highlighting the need for long-term and more comprehensive training covering not only the theoretical component but also the practical component, as well as reflection on practice.
Developmental language disorders and special educational needs: consideration of inclusion in the Norwegian school context
Authors: Chahboun Sobh , Wahl Hilde T. , Langner Jana , Vaags Agnete
Published: October 2024

Children with language disorders face different challenges in their daily school routines. Accessing tools and having resources promoting a well-structured and inclusive environment is necessary to ensure a pleasant and successful passage through primary school.

The current article seeks to highlight stimulating ideas, creating a foundation for involving everyone caring for and educating students with language disorders, particularly children with special needs. Moreover, experts need to prioritize educational initiatives aimed at language disorders, particularly emphasizing early detection, prevention, and specialized care. Balancing the need for students to get adequate attention while avoiding unequal treatment can be as difficult as dealing with a two-sided coin. Moreover, it is crucial to acknowledge that academic research should prioritize finding the best ways to support students with special needs who have language impairments. All professionals working with these students, such as speech therapists, psychopedagogical experts, and general therapists, need to focus on developing interventions and options to aid in their growth.
Ectopic acromegaly with tumoral range hyperprolactinemia and apoplexy with a dramatic regression of pituitary hyperplasia
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Kasaliwal Rajeev , Das Liza , Sharma Surendra Kumar , Kaur Vaishali , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Raverot Véronique , Korbonits Márta , Dutta Pinaki
Published: October 2024

Acromegaly due to ectopic secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a rare disorder. The signs and symptoms of ectopic acromegaly are indistinguishable from acromegaly due to a somatotroph adenoma. A 35-year-old female presented with secondary amenorrhea for 10 years, intermittent headache, and reduced vision in both eyes for 4 years, which worsened over 4 months before presentation. Additionally, she was diagnosed with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. On examination, she had coarse facial features, a fleshy nose, and acral enlargement. She had diminished visual acuity (left>right) and bitemporal hemianopia on perimetry. Biochemical investigations revealed elevated IGF-1 [588 ng/ml, reference range (RR) 100–242], markedly elevated basal growth hormone (>80 ng/ml; RR, 0.12–9.88), and hyperprolactinemia in the tumoral range (832 ng/ml; RR, 5–25). MRI sella demonstrated a 22×30×34mm sellar-suprasellar mass with T2 hypointensity. Chest imaging revealed a 75×87×106mm left lung mass, which was found to be a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) on biopsy. Plasma GHRH levels were elevated [38,088 ng/l; RR, <250–300], and a diagnosis of ectopic acromegaly secondary to lung neuroendocrine tumor was considered. During workup, the patient developed in-hospital pituitary apoplexy, which improved with medical management. After a left pneumonectomy, her clinical features of acromegaly improved, her diabetes underwent remission, and there was a marked reduction in plasma GHRH and pituitary size. Histopathology was suggestive of a neuroendocrine tumor, with immunohistochemistry positive for GHRH and negative for prolactin. Her final diagnosis was ectopic acromegaly due to GHRH secreting a lung NET with pituitary somatotroph and lactotroph pituitary hyperplasia and apoplexy in the hyperplastic pituitary.
The expression of VDACs and Bcl2 family genes in pituitary adenomas: clinical correlations and postsurgical outcomes
Authors: Facundo AN , Magalhães M , Nascimento GC , Azulay RS , Santos RM , Freitas LA , Nascimento AGPAC , Rodrigues VP , Santos WC , Beckman AMGS , Abreu JMF , Silva RP , Carneiro EL , Oliveira Neto CP , Gil da Costa RM , Corcoy R , Mato E , Faria MS
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are benign tumors with high prevalence and, occasionally, aggressive course. The tumorigenesis of these lesions is not completely understood at the molecular level. BAK1 and BAX proteins play fundamental roles in apoptosis and seem to interact with VDAC proteins, whose expressions have been markedly altered in cancer, impacting their prognosis.

Objective

to evaluate the gene expression of VDAC1, VDAC2, BAK1 and BAX and their association with clinical and imaging characteristics in PA.

Methods

Clinical-epidemiological data were collected from 117 tumor samples from patients affected by PA. Invasiveness was assessed by the Knosp scale. Gene expression was examined by real-time PCR. Relative expression analysis was performed by 2^(-DDCt) method.

Results

The sample was mainly composed of women (69/117 – 57.2%). Tumor subtypes observed were Non-Functioning (NF) (73/117 – 62.4%), Acromegaly (24/117 – 20.5%) and Cushing’s Disease (CD) (20/117 – 17.1%). Compared to normal tissue, there was a significant reduction in VDAC1 expression in the Acromegaly (p=0.029) and NF (p=0.002) groups. BAX expression was lower in all groups (p <0.001; p=0.007; P =0.005). No difference was found in VDAC2 and BAK1 expression, compared to normal pituitary. Overexpression of VDAC2 occurred in PAs with post-surgical regrowth (p=0.042). A strongly negative correlation was observed in BAX and BAK1 expression in CD.

Conclusion

The results indicated that downregulations of VDAC1 and BAX may be related to resistance to apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of VDAC2 in regrowing PAs suggests an antiapoptotic role for this gene. In summary, the genes evaluated might be involved in the biopathology of PAs.
Association between Life’s Essential 8 and psoriasis in US adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Ren Ci , Qin Zihan , Zhu Ling , Jin Zhoufeng , Yan Yuanyuan , Pan Xinghe , Luan Lan
Published: October 2024

Background

Psoriasis is closely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the current evidence on the correlation between Life’s Essential 8 and Psoriasis is insufficient. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between Life’s Essential 8 (LE8), a measure of cardiovascular health (CVH), and psoriasis.

Objective

This study aimed to clarify the impact of Life’s Essential 8 on Psoriasis and explore its implications.

Methods

This population-based cross-sectional study included 9,876 US adults aged 20 to 59 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006 and 2009–2014 cycles. The LE8 score comprises 8 metrics and was categorized into low, moderate, and high CVH. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess the association between LE8 score and psoriasis.

Results

Among the 9,876 participants, those with moderate and high CVH had higher risks of psoriasis compared to low CVH. Additionally, every 10-point increase in the LE8 score was associated with a 10% reduced risk of psoriasis. Interaction was observed between gender, age, education level, race/ethnicity, marital status, and PIR.

Conclusion

LE8 and its subscale scores were strongly negatively related to the risk of psoriasis. Encouraging optimal CVH levels may be advantageous in reducing the incidence of psoriasis.
Collaborative teaching among ultrasonographers, anesthesiologists, and vascular surgeons: its unique role in specialty training for vascular surgeons in developing countries
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Mao , Zhang Qingfeng , Hu Wei
Published: October 2024

This study explored the unique role of collaborative teaching among ultrasonographers, anesthesiologists, and vascular surgeons in the training of vascular surgeons in developing countries. Using qualitative research methods, data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations to analyze the improvement in ultrasound operational skills and basic anesthesia skills among trainees, as well as their satisfaction with collaborative teaching. The results indicate that collaborative teaching significantly enhances trainees’ professional skills and interdisciplinary collaboration abilities, gaining widespread recognition from trainees. This teaching model provides trainees with a comprehensive learning experience through interdisciplinary cooperation, hands-on practice, contributing to the cultivation of vascular surgeons with comprehensive qualities and professional competencies. This study offers new ideas and methods for the training of vascular surgeons in developing countries, holding significant implications for the development of medical education.
Assessing the influence of diverse phosphorus sources on bacterial communities and the abundance of phosphorus cycle genes in acidic paddy soils
Authors: Bongoua-Devisme Affi Jeanne , Kouakou Sainte Adelaïde ahya , Kouadio Konan-Kan Hippolyte , Lemonou Michael Bahan Franck
Published: October 2024

The impact of chemical fertilizers on soil microbial communities is well acknowledged. This study assesses the influence of various phosphorus sources on soil bacterial composition, abundance, and Phosphorus Cycle Gene Abundance. Three phosphorus sources (natural phosphate rock, triple super phosphate (TSP), and chemical fertilizer NPK) were field tested following two rice cultivation cycles. Soil samples were subsequently collected and analyzed for bacterial groups and phosphorus cycle genes. Results indicated that the bacterial community composition remained consistent, comprising five main phyla: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Halobacterota, and Chloroflexia, regardless of fertilizer type. NPK fertilizer significantly reduced the relative abundance of Chloroflexia by 19% and Firmicutes by 16.4%, while increasing Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria by 27.5 and 58.8%, respectively. TSP fertilizer increased Actinobacteria by 27.1% and Halobacterota by 24.8%, but reduced Chloroflexia by 8.6%, Firmicutes by 12.6%, and Proteobacteria by 0.6%. Phosphate rock application resulted in reductions of Chloroflexia by 27.1%, Halobacterota by 22.9%, and Firmicutes by 6.2%, alongside increases in Actinobacteria by 46.6% and Proteobacteria by 23.8%. Combined application of TSP, NPK, and phosphate rock led to increases in Proteobacteria (24–40%) and Actinobacteria (13–39%), and decreases in Chloroflexia (5.2–22%) and Firmicutes (6–12.3%) compared to the control (T0). While the different phosphorus sources did not alter the composition of phosphorus cycle genes, they did modulate their abundance. NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect ppK genes (57–59%) but reduced gcd (100 to 69%), 3-phytase (74 to 34%), appA (91 to 63%), and phoD (83 to 67%). Phosphate rock reduced appA and gcd by 27 and 15%, respectively, while increasing 3-phytase by 19%. TSP decreased ppK and phoD by 42 and 40%, respectively, and gcd and appA by 34 and 56%, respectively. Combined fertilizers reduced appA (49 to 34%), 3-phytase (10 to 0%), and gcd (27 to 6%), while increasing ppK (72 to 100%). Among tested phosphorus sources, natural phosphate rock was best, causing moderate changes in bacterial composition and phosphorus genes, supporting balanced soil microbial activity. These findings highlight the complex interactions between fertilizers and soil microbial communities, underscoring the need for tailored fertilization strategies to maintain soil health and optimize agricultural productivity.
Genetically stratified Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait is related to specific pattern of cognitive impairment and non-motor dominant endophenotype
Authors: Pavelka Lukas , Rawal Rajesh , Sapienza Stefano , Klucken Jochen , Pauly Claire , Satagopam Venkata , Krüger Rejko
Published: October 2024

Background

Freezing of gait (FOG) is an important milestone in the individual disease trajectory of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on the cognitive model of FOG etiology, the mechanism behind FOG implies higher executive dysfunction in PDFOG+. To test this model, we investigated the FOG-related phenotype and cognitive subdomains in idiopathic PD (iPD) patients without genetic variants linked to PD from the Luxembourg Parkinson’s study.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis comparing iPDFOG+ (n = 118) and iPDFOG− (n = 378) individuals was performed, followed by the application of logistic regression models. Consequently, regression models were fitted for a subset of iPDFOG+ (n = 35) vs. iPDFOG− (n = 126), utilizing a detailed neuropsychological battery to assess the association between FOG and cognitive subdomains. Both regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic confounders and disease severity.

Results

iPDFOG+ individuals presented with more motor complications (MDS-UPDRS IV) compared to iPDFOG- individuals. Moreover, iPDFOG+ individuals exhibited a higher non-motor burden, including a higher frequency of hallucinations, higher MDS-UPDRS I scores, and more pronounced autonomic dysfunction as measured by the SCOPA-AUT. In addition, iPDFOG+ individuals showed lower sleep quality along with lower quality of life (measured by PDSS and PDQ-39, respectively). The cognitive subdomain analysis in iPDFOG+ vs. iPDFOG− indicated lower scores in Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test and CERAD word recognition, reflecting higher impairment in visuospatial, executive function, and memory encoding.

Conclusion

We determined a significant association between FOG and a clinical endophenotype of PD with higher non-motor burden. While our results supported the cognitive model of FOG, our findings point to a more widespread cortical impairment across cognitive subdomains beyond the executive domain in PDFOG+ with additional higher impairment in visuospatial function and memory encoding.
Recent advances in surface decoration of nanoparticles in drug delivery
Authors: Ly Phuong-Dung , Ly Ky-Nhu , Phan Hoang-Long , Nguyen Huong H. T. , Duong Van-An , Nguyen Hien V.
Published: October 2024

Nanoparticulate delivery systems have been attracting attention in pharmaceutical sciences for enhanced drug bioavailability and targeted delivery. Specifically, these systems can enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, protect therapeutic agents from degradation, prolong circulation time in the body, control drug release, and facilitate the precise targeting of drugs to specific tissues or cells. However, once administered into the body, nanoparticles often encounter significant challenges that can affect their efficacy and safety, such as issues with stability, biocompatibility, and targeting. The surface properties of nanoparticles are one of the most important features as they can greatly influence the interactions between nanoparticles themselves and between nanoparticles and biological targets. Key surface characteristics, such as charge, hydrophobicity, and the presence of functional groups, determine how nanoparticles behave in biological environments, thereby influencing their stability, cellular uptake, and ability to avoid immune clearance. Modification of the nanoparticle surface has been shown to be an effective approach to modulate the physicochemical and biological properties of nanoparticles, achieving desired therapeutic efficacy in vivo. This review aims to summarize recent advances in surface decoration of nanoparticles, with an emphasis on improved colloidal and biological stability, reduced toxicity, and enhanced drug targeting. The challenges and future perspectives of nanoparticle surface modification approaches are also discussed.
Harnessing artificial intelligence for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological emergencies: a comprehensive review of recent advances and future directions
Authors: AbuAlrob Majd A. , Mesraoua Boulenouar
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of neurology, offering innovative solutions for diagnosing and managing emergent neurological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and acute spinal cord injury. This review critically examines the recent advancements in AI applications within the field of neurology, emphasizing both the potential and limitations of these technologies. While AI demonstrates remarkable accuracy and speed in diagnostic imaging, outcome prediction, and personalized treatment plans, its integration into clinical practice remains challenged by ethical concerns, infrastructural limitations, and the “black box” nature of many AI algorithms. The review highlights the current gaps in literature, particularly the limited research on AI’s use in low-resource settings and its generalizability across diverse populations. Moreover, the review underscores the need for more longitudinal studies to assess the long-term efficacy of AI-driven interventions and calls for greater transparency in AI systems to enhance trust among clinicians. Future directions for AI in neurology emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, regulatory oversight, and the development of equitable AI models that can benefit all patient populations. This review provides a balanced and comprehensive overview of AI’s role in neurology, offering insights into both the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.
Targeted therapy approaches for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Haque Mazharul , Shyanti Ritis K. , Mishra Manoj K.
Published: October 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is distinguished by negative expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), making it an aggressive subtype of breast cancer and contributes to 15-20% of the total incidence. TNBC is a diverse disease with various genetic variations and molecular subtypes. The tumor microenvironment involves multiple cells, including immune cells, fibroblast cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and blood vessels that constantly interact with tumor cells and influence each other. The ECM undergoes significant structural changes, leading to induced cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The involvement of EMT in the occurrence and development of tumors through invasion and metastasis in TNBC has been a matter of concern. Therefore, EMT markers could be prognostic predictors and potential therapeutic targets in TNBC. Chemotherapy has been one of the primary options for treating patients with TNBC, but its efficacy against TNBC is still limited. Targeted therapy is a critical emerging option with enhanced efficacy and less adverse effects on patients. Various targeted therapy approaches have been developed based on the specific molecules and the signaling pathways involved in TNBC. These include inhibitors of signaling pathways such as TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, TNF-α/NF-κB and EGFR, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, 2laparib, and talazoparib have been widely explored. This article reviews recent developments in EMT in TNBC invasion and metastasis and potential targeted therapy strategies.
Roburic acid inhibits lung cancer metastasis and triggers autophagy as verified by network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques and experiments
Authors: Wang Luyao , Chen Huili , Deng Lili , Hu Mengling , Wang Ziqiang , Zhang Kai , Lian Chaoqun , Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Jing
Published: October 2024

Background

Roburic acid (ROB) is a newly discovered tetracyclic triterpene acid extracted from oak galls, which has anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanism of its anticancer effect is not clear. Our study focuses on exploring the potential mechanism of action of ROB in the treatment of lung cancer using a combination of network pharmacological prediction, molecular docking technique and experimental validation.

Methods

A network pharmacology approach was used to screen the protein targets of ROB and lung cancer, and PPI network analysis and enrichment analysis were performed on the intersecting genes. The tissue and organ distribution of the targets was also evaluated based on the BioGPS database. To ensure the reliability of the network pharmacology prediction results, we proceeded to use molecular docking technique to determine the relationship between drugs and targets. Finally, in vitro experiments with cell lines were performed to further reveal the potential mechanism of ROB for the treatment of lung cancer.

Results

A total of 83 potential targets of ROB in lung cancer were collected and further screened by using Cytoscape software, and 7 targets of PTGS2, CYP19A1, PTGS1, AR, CYP17A1, PTGES and SRD5A1 were obtained as hub genes and 7 hub targets had good binding energy with ROB. GO and KEGG analysis showed that ROB treatment of lung cancer mainly involves Arachidonic acid metabolism, Notch signaling pathway, cancer pathway and PPAR signaling pathway. The results of in vitro experiments indicated that ROB may inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells and activate the PPARγ signaling pathway, as well as induce cellular autophagy.

Conclusions

The results of this study comprehensively elucidated the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of ROB for the treatment of lung cancer, providing new ideas for further lung cancer therapy.
Chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors may overcome the detrimental effect of high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio prior to treatment in esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Hirasawa Yuya , Kubota Yutaro , Mura Emiko , Suzuki Risako , Tsurui Toshiaki , Iriguchi Nana , Ishiguro Tomoyuki , Ohkuma Ryotaro , Shimokawa Masahiro , Ariizumi Hirotsugu , Horiike Atsushi , Wada Satoshi , Yamashita Takeshi , Ariyoshi Tomotake , Goto Satoru , Otsuka Koji , Murakami Masahiko , Kiuchi Yuji , Yoshimura Kiyoshi , Tsunoda Takuya
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a promising treatment option for esophageal cancer (EC). Although ICIs enable long-term survival in some patients, the efficacy of ICIs varies widely among patients. Therefore, predictive biomarkers are necessary for identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from ICIs to improve the efficacy of the treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of combination therapy, including nivolumab plus ipilimumab or chemotherapy plus anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies in our institute to identify biomarkers.

Methods

Twenty-seven patients received nivolumab plus ipilimumab, and thirty-six patients received chemotherapy plus anti-PD-1 antibodies were included in this study. We analyzed patient characteristics, efficacy, and safety. Multivariable analysis of biomarkers evaluated the correlation among overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and the following variables: body mass index, performance status, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein level, and albumin level before treatment.

Results

In multivariable analysis, albumin level was significantly correlated with PFS in the cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (CF) plus pembrolizumab group. NLR and albumin level were significantly correlated with OS in the nivolumab plus ipilimumab group. Other variables, including PS, BMI, and CRP did not correlate with any of the outcomes.

Conclusions

High NLR in EC patients prior to treatment was significantly less effective for ICIs. In chemotherapy combined with ICIs, NLR before the treatment was not associated with treatment efficacy, suggesting combination chemotherapy may be beneficial for EC patients with high NLR. NLR may be an indicator of immunocompetence in anti-tumor immunity and a convenient predictive biomarker for selecting appropriate treatments including ICIs.