bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Passage and Collective Marks
Authors: Zhang Yiping , Hlynka Myron , Brill Percy H.
Published: October 2019

Probability generating functions for first passage times of Markov chains are found using the method of collective marks. A system of equations is found which can be used to obtain moments of the first passage times. Second passage probabilities are discussed.
Antiinflammatory and Antiproliferative Activity of Naphthoxazole, Fused Hetero-benzoxazole and Bridged Benzobicyclic Photoproducts
Authors: Šagud Ivana , Ratković Ana , Cedilak Matea , Bosnar Martina , Kelava Vanja , Škorić Irena
Published: October 2019

Biological activity of naphthoxazoles, fused hetero-benzoxazoles and benzobicyclo[3.2.1]-derivatives was investigated in proliferation and inflammation based assays. The tested compounds were prepared by photocylization or photocycloaddition reactions. Effect of compounds on proliferation of several cancer cell lines was determined by measuring cell metabolic activity through time. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was used to investigate antiinflammatory properties of the compounds. Several naphthoxazoles and fused hetero-benzoxazoles inhibited TNFα protein expression in LPS stimulated PBMC, indicating possible antiinflammatory role which would be interesting to further investigate. Physico-chemical properties of tested compounds have been also studied using chromatographic lipophilicity measure, chrom logD and logP was calculated as the importance of physico-chemical properties of compounds at early stage of discovery of new drugs is well established. The similarities in structure and activity of some representative compounds affirm the need to further address their antiinflammatory properties.
Quality study of user activity using mobile device. Pan and touch & hold gestures
Authors: Arciuch Artur , DONIGIEWICZ Antoni
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of a quality study of the gestures performed by the users of a mobile device. The mobile device was a Nokia Lumia 800 smartphone. The results of the study concern the basic gestures of pan and touch & hold, and include the duration and precision of such gesture performance. The results include the division of participating users into groups by age and by daily smartphone use and non-daily smartphone use. A comparison of the determined characteristics between the groups is presented.
Uma Análise dos Protocolos de Comunicação para Internet das Coisas
Authors: Cosmi Arthur Brito , Mota Vinicius F. S.
Published: October 2019

With the growth of devices connected to the Internet, several application layer protocols specific for the Internet of Things (IoT) appear every day. This high number of protocols bring doubts to developers about what to use in their projects. This work aims to assist developers in the decision making in their IoT projects. This work presents a qualitative analysis of the MQTT, MQTT-SN, CoAP and AMQP protocols. In a qualitative way, we analyzed thedomains of application and requirements of the applications to map the protocol choice. After that, the MQTT and CoAP protocols were analyzed using devices with low processing and memory capabilities. Results show that MQTT outperforms CoAP when there are several other devices accessing the same access point.
Desenvolvimento de um Modelo de Mobilidade Urbana em Tempo Real para Simuladores de Rede
Authors: Quessada Matheus Sanches , Cristiani André Luis , Ranzani Júnior Pedro Luís , Pereira Rickson Simioni , Leal Matheus Pereira , Meneguette Rodolfo Ipolito
Published: October 2019

Simulação é a abordagem mais adotada para avaliar redesveiculares, pois permite avaliar novos protocolos e infraesturutras de forma completa, ou seja, avaliar as novas ferramentas em todos os cenários possíveis. Para que essas simulações possam obter um resultado confiável é necessário que o ambiente de simulação utilizado se aproxime de um ambiente real. Portanto, os parâmetros de rede bem como o modelo de mobilidade tem que representar a topologia de rede real com alta fidelidade, ou seja, além dos parâmetros de rede terem que coincidir com os parâmetros e comportamentos dos equipamentos reais, o modelo de mobilidade também tem que representar a mobilidade do mundo real. Com isso em mente, foi proposto uma ferramenta que coleta o percurso dos veículos em tempo real de uma cidade na qual permitirá ao pesquisador utilizar esses dados em seu ambiente de simulação.
Um Estudo Sobre o Misterioso e Arriscado Mundo dos Misturadores de Criptomoedas
Authors: Costa Rodolfo  da Silva , Costa Rostand  Edson Oliveira
Published: October 2019

O novo paradigma que emergiu com as criptomoedas na última década permite uma maior transparência nas grandezas envolvidas em um determinado ativo financeiro digital e possibilita que todas as transações realizadas possam ser visualizadas. Para garantir o anonimato, uma quantidade expressiva de usuários de criptomoedas tem buscado esconder a origem de seus ativos digitais. Para atender tal demanda, surgiram serviços especializados, chamados cryptocurrency mixers (ou tumblers). O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo acerca do funcionamento de tais serviços para avaliar a sua dinâmica de funcionamento e sua eficácia na desvinculação da carteira de origem com a carteira de destino. Os resultados preliminares apontam para um negócio de alto risco e que movimenta valores bilionários através de uma ética discutível.
Demochain - Framework destinado a criação de redes blockchain híbridas para dispositivos IoT
Authors: Rolim Carlos  Oberdan , de Freitas Lorenzo  Wendt
Published: October 2019

O uso da tecnologia Blockchain no contexto da IoT (Internet of Things) está sendo cada vez mais explorado pela comunidade acadêmica e a indústria. A justificativa para isso deve-se a sua, capacidade de manter os registros imutáveis sem perder segurança, com algoritmos que tratam nodos maliciosos. No entanto, devido à falta de padronização dos dispositivos IoT existem dificuldades intrínsecas relacionadas a implementação e modelagem de uma rede blockchain personalizada para esses dispositivos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta o framework Demochain cuja função é auxiliar no desenvolvimento de plataformas blockchains híbridas no contexto de IoT. Um dos seus diferenciais é a capacidade de oferecer opções para mesclar e combinar diferentes níveis na arquitetura e também funcionalidades da blockchain pura (totalmente descentralizada), variando seus protocolos e criptografias, construindo assim, uma blockchain híbrida. Os resultados experimentais demonstraram que o Demochain facilita o desenvolvimento de cenários que demandam diferentes tipos de redes com configurações variadas com performance aceitável.
Controle de acesso a serviços usando Smart Contracts
Authors: Souza Marcos Vinicius  M. R. , Guardia Helio  C.
Published: October 2019

Advances in ubiquitous computing and in the Internet of things (IoT) bring new challenges to access control systems, such as not having to rely on a centralized trusted party, and the ability to use contextual data. Such characteristics may be required to enable IoT services in smart homes and cities, and in electronic health systems. In these environments, service-based device to device interactions reinforce the need for flexible and scalable authenticity and confidentiality mechanisms. This work presents an access control model to address such challenges using a blockchain infrastructure. In the proposed model, services and contextual data are defined using smart contracts, and blockchain logs are used for reliable information management. Assets are associated with permissions, and their transfers prove access control rights in service invocation requests. A reference implementation on Hyperledger shows the viability of the model.
Implementação de um switch em P4 com suporte simultâneo a múltiplas arquiteturas de Internet do Futuro
Authors: Gavazza Jose Augusto , Santos Michael , Maciel Jr. Paulo Ditarso , Verdi Fábio Luciano , Suruagy Monteiro José Augusto
Published: October 2019

Novas arquiteturas de Internet do Futuro surgiram de forma independente em diferentes locais, buscando proporcionar um novo ambiente de evolução para a Internet e solucionar diversas questões que a arquitetura atual, mesmo com a criação de novos protocolos e patches, não resolve de maneira adequada. Apesar dos esforços em se implantar uma única arquitetura de Internet, o que se tem observado é a tendência de implantação e uso de diferentes arquiteturas que possam coexistir simultaneamente. Sendo assim, há a necessidade de uma solução que torne esta coexistência possível. O foco deste artigo é apresentar a implementação de um de um switch multiarquitetura em linguagem P4, para que entidades e aplicações de uma mesma arquitetura possam se comunicar.
FUTEBOL - Orchestrated Optical/Wireless Experiments Across Brazil and Europe
Authors: Macedo Daniel , Reis Luis , Nogueira José , Both Cristiano , Da Silva Luiz , Wickboldt Juliano , Marquez-Barja Johann
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the experimentation facilities provided by the European Union-Brazil project "FUTEBOL - Federated Union of Telecommunications Research Facilities for an EU-Brazil Open Laboratory", from the point of view of the experimenter. The FUTEBOL testbeds to provide experimentation capabilities for optical-wireless experimentation, which is crucial for the development of 5G technologies. The main offering of FUTEBOL is, thus, to be able to set up an experiment accross many network domains – be it optical, wireless, packet or cloud –, and to orchestrate them using tools such as COPA and ABNO. Further, FUTEBOL provides a set of services that can be instantiated with very little effort, in order to compose complex 5G experiments in reduced time.
Breve Comparação de Ferramentas para Análise Estática de Código Malicioso
Authors: Aisawa William  Akihiro Alves , Lara Campos Pedro  Henrique , Marcondes Cesar  A. , Matias Paulo
Published: October 2019

Uma das ameças atualmente mais abundantes no ambiente computacional são os malwares. Uma das formas de preveni-los ou contra-atacá-los é realizando-se uma análise estática dos códigos maliciosos, visando entender a lógica de funcionamento, os algoritmos e especificações utilizadas sem arriscar-se à exposição de executar o código malicioso. Diversas ferramentas disponíveis na literatura e no mercado podem ser usadas nesse tipo de análise. Neste artigo, fazemos uma breve comparação entre o IDA Pro e o Ghidra. Apesar de ser uma ferramenta recentemente lançada, concluímos que o Ghidra é excelente para análise estática de malware.
Tubular Heat Exchanger Fouling in Phosphoric Acid Concentration Process
Authors: Jradi Rania , Fguiri Ali , Marvillet Christophe , Razak Jeday Mohamed
Published: October 2019

Fouling in phosphoric acid concentration is a persistent operational problem that compromises energy recovery in this process. Progress is hampered by the lack of quantitative knowledge of fouling dynamic effects on heat exchanger transfer. The object of this work is an experimental determination of the thermal fouling resistance in the tubular heat exchanger of phosphoric acid preheated installed in phosphoric acid concentration process. By measuring the inlet and outlet temperatures of phosphoric acid, steam temperature, suction and discharge pressure of the pump and acid density measurement, the overall heat transfer coefficient has been determined. The determination of the overall heat transfer coefficient with clean and fouled surfaces, allowed calculating the fouling resistance. The results from the heat exchanger studies showed that the fouling resistance increased with time and presented an asymptotic evolution in compliant with the proposed model by Kern and Seaton, with the existence of fluctuation. The poorly cleaned heat exchanger implied the absence of the induction period and caused, consequently, high values of the fouling resistance in a relatively short-time period.
A Numerical Approach to Solving an Inverse Heat Conduction Problem Using the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm
Authors: Min Tao , Chen Xing , Sun Yao , Huang Qiang
Published: October 2019

This chapter is intended to provide a numerical algorithm involving the combined use of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the Galerkin finite element method for estimating the diffusion coefficient in an inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). In the present study, the functional form of the diffusion coefficient is an unknown priori. The unknown diffusion coefficient is approximated by the polynomial form and the present numerical algorithm is employed to find the solution. Numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Urine Tests for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens
Authors: O. Eltai Nahla , Alhussain Hashim , Doiphode Sanjay , Al Thani Asma , Yassine Hadi
Published: October 2019

The relation between disease and urine was recognized by physicians since the earliest civilization BC. Urine is considered an ideal diagnostic specimen for its noninvasive and easy method of collection. Urinalysis encompasses a wide range of tests, which includes a variety of chemical tests, urine microscopy, bacterial cultures, and molecular tests. Importantly, urine tests can diagnose patients with antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTI), directly from urine and/or bacterial culture. This chapter summarizes the most common urine tests in the infectious disease field, with a special focus on diagnosing UTI and characterizing their antibiotic resistant. In addition to describing the advantages and limitation of these tests, the chapter explores the promising emerging technologies and methods in this field. This chapter is beneficial for scientists and healthcare workers in the field.
A condição esportiva
Authors: Furtado Renan Santos , Borges Carlos Nazareno Ferreira
Published: October 2019

Compreendendo que discutir questões conceituais é um importante pressuposto para a formação e intervenção, construímos um ensaio que discute conceitualmente o esporte. A ideia é favorecer o debate no campo da formação, partindo do campo da Educação, uma vez que o esporte é conteúdo de componente curricular da educação básica, e abranger diferentes áreas, uma vez que o esporte se constitui em um fenômeno da modernidade. Utilizamos um quadro teórico formado por autores que vêm discutindo a categoria esporte no Brasil e também fazemos releituras sobre o esporte a partir da incorporação de conceitos e elaborações de Bourdieu (1983) e, Elias e Dunning (1992). Segundo nossos argumentos, práticas corporais são colocadas gradualmente sob uma condição que as tornam esportes - a condição esportiva – e que pode cessar também gradualmente, retornando-as à forma original.
Nível de aderência de metodologias de risco de crédito em empresa do setor de educação
Authors: Godoi Alexandre Franco de , Oliveira Junior Alfredo Spalloni de , Santos José Odálio dos , Lema Marcelo Claudio
Published: October 2019

O risco de crédito está presente em todas as transações comerciais regidas pelo princípio de competência. É indispensável que os credores façam uma análise da capacidade de pagamento dos clientes. Para avaliar o risco de crédito, os credores podem utilizar metodologias variadas, como as destacadas nessa pesquisa, sendo elas: análise julgamental, análise discriminante (ADML) e análise estrutural. Com esse foco, o objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar, por meio da realização de um estudo de caso, se a classificação de risco de crédito proposta pela metodologia discriminante de previsão de insolvência de Sanvicente e Minardi (S&M), e pela metodologia estrutural KMV estão em conformidade com o modelo Julgamental, o qual se baseia na análise do risco de crédito considerando informações qualitativas e quantitativas, bem como, o fator ‘bom senso’ nas decisões de financiamentos. A pesquisa contribui ao analisar o nível de aderência dessas metodologias classificatórias de risco de crédito na maior empresa do setor de educação listada na [B]3 Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão, a Kroton Educacional S.A., dada a sua relevância dentro desse setor. Os resultados não atestaram aderência estatisticamente significativa entre as metodologias S&M e KMV com a metodologia julgamental, sendo, em parte, explicados por aspectos como a não inclusão do fator ‘bom senso’ na decisão de crédito, a utilização de informações contábeis históricas (S&M) e a utilização de informações históricas do preço e do retorno das ações ordinárias.
‘Branded content is dead: long live UGC’
Authors: Garcia Nil
Published: October 2019

La pregunta del millón de dólares está clara: ¿cómo debemos darle la vuelta a la comunicación digital? ¿Cómo una marca ha de reconducir la situación para volver a poner al consumidor en el centro?
Hiatus Resolution Mechanisms in Old English
Authors: Mosionek Piotr , Zembrzuski Dariusz
Published: October 2019

Old English has several strategies of hiatus resolution, which have received a lot of at- tention in different theoretical approaches. This article discusses these strategies from a constraint-based approach within Optimality Theory. The analysis relies mainly on the solutions proposed by Opalińska (2002; 2004; 2006), and reveals the hierarchy of preference between 4 strategies of hiatus resolution: contraction, diphthongisation, gliding, and glide insertion. It is shown that all mechanisms are a result of the interaction of differ- ent constraints. The article reveals that diphthongisation is the most optimal mechanism, whereas contraction occupies the last position due to the violation of weight preservation principle. The goal of this article is to advance Opalińska’s solution by demonstrating that the preference for a given hiatus resolution strategy results from the fact which particular subset of constraints is needed to activate this strategy.
Wikipedia and Medicines: Who edits medicine articles on the English Wikipedia?
Authors: Svendsen Kristian , Skancke Kristian Husvik
Published: October 2019

Presentasjon frå Wikipedia-akademiet 2015

The aim of this paper is to examine who edits Wikipedia articles on medicinal drugs, and how these edits affect the articles over time. Two different groups of articles will be selected and examined, namely those on the top ten bestselling medicines in the world and the ten most recently approved medicines on the European market.
PERILAKU RUMAH TRADISIONAL JAWA "JOGLO" TERHADAP GEMPA
Authors: P. Prihatmaji Yulianto
Published: October 2019

Javanese traditional house is located on earthquake zone 3 (midlle level), it spread from Banyuwangi (on East direction) until Cirebon (on West direction). Refer to form and construction system, the Joglo type house look a master piece of Javanese traditional house. It has impression of weight construction with rong-rongan structure (core in frame system from umpak-soko guru-tumpang sari) as vertical structure system. When earthquake come, wood structure of-rongan of Joglo house as a core structure or core in frame, it's a restrain to lateral force and depending on flexibility, brakebility, stability, elasticity and hiperstaticity of material and construction. The foundation system has hinge character or roll, connection system of tongue and gully configuration of secondary column (soko emper) and main column (soko guru), rigidity of main column (soko guru) from multy beam frame (tumpangsari/brunjung) are unity as earthquake responsive building. The test result of structure model of rong-rongan by vibration of earthquake force from horizontal slip table, is showed application of load system on Javanese traditional house support to stability. It has require on high frequency and acceleration low to high. Test on a vibration with low frequency and acceleration low to high, the load system make more deformation to model. The result of research is showed the structure of traditional Javanese house is safe on earthquake zone 3 (if base founfation maked clamp system). Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Rumah tradisional Jawa terletak di daerah gempa III (gempa sedang), terhampar dari Banyuwangi sampai Cirebon. Rumah tradisional Jawa berwujud Joglo secara bentuk dan konstruksi dianggap sebagai master piece rumah tradisional Jawa, yang terkesan berat dengan struktur rong-rongan (umpak-soko guru-tumpang sari) sebagai penahan beban lateral. Apabila terjadi gempa struktur kayu rong-rongan rumah Joglo dipandang sebagai struktur inti (core in frame) yang akan menahan gaya lateral, didukung oleh fleksibilitas, redaman, stabilitas, elastisitas, daktilitas, kehiperstatisan kayu dan konstruksi. Sistem tumpuan yang bersifat sendi dan atau rol, sistem sambungan lidah alur, konfigurasi soko-soko emper terhadap soko guru dan kekakuan soko guru oleh tumpang sari/brunjung dipandang sebagai kesatuan sistem earthquake responsive building. Hasil pengujian model struktur rong-rongan terhadap getaran gaya gempa dengan horizontal slip table, menunjukkan bahwa sistem pembebanan yang diterapkan di rumah Joglo menyumbang kestabilan, pada gempa frekuensi tinggi dan akselerasi rendah-tinggi. Pada getaran gaya gempa berfrekuensi rendah dan akselerasi rendah-tinggi, sistem pembebanan membuat model lebih banyak mengalami deformasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, struktur rumah Joglo aman untuk daerah zona gempa 3 (apabila sistem tumpuan dibuat jepit). Kata kunci: struktur joglo, konstruksi rong-rongan, sistem sambungan dan tumpuan, gaya gempa.
MENGIKUTI LANGKAH PIKIR ROMO MANGUN : Sebuah Tinjauan Mengenai Metode Perancangan Arsitektur Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya
Authors: Sunaryo Rony Gunawan
Published: October 2019

In Indonesian architecture history, Romo Mangun is known as an architect and planner with multi-perspective of knowledge because of his educational and experience background. His architectural artefact is very much affected by his richness of knowledge and experience. The design process of Romo Mangun's artefact consists of philosophy approach, creative approach, technical approach and communication with client and builder. This process is very valuable to be discussed because it includes two different sides work inline; technical side which is mechanical view and non-technical side which is human view. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Dalam wacana arsitektur Indonesia Romo Mangun dikenal sebagai seorang arsitek dan perencana dengan pemikiran yang multiperspektif dikarenakan latar belakang pendidikan dan pengalaman yang multidisiplin. Kekayaan wacana pengetahuan dan pengalaman beliau turut mewarnai artefak arsitektur yang dihasilkan. Perwujudan sebuah artefak arsitektur melalui sebuah rangkaian proses panjang meliputi filosofi, proses kreatif, pelaksanaan hingga komunikasi dengan klien dan pelaksana. Proses ini selalu merupakan topik yang menarik untuk dikupas kembali karena menyingkapkan dua sisi sekaligus, yaitu sisi teknis yang mekanis dan sisi non teknis yang manusiawi. Kata kunci: Romo Mangun, proses perancangan arsitektur.
Two‐dimensional solid‐state array detectors: A technique for in vivo dose verification in a variable effective area
Authors: Utitsarn Kananan , Biasi Giordano , Stansook Nauljun , Alrowaili Ziyad A. , Petasecca Marco , Carolan Martin , Perevertaylo Vladimir L. , Tomé Wolfgang A. , Kron Tomas , Lerch Michael L. F. , Rosenfeld Anatoly B.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

We introduce a technique that employs a 2D detector in transmission mode (TM) to verify dose maps at a depth of dmax in Solid Water. TM measurements, when taken at a different surface‐to‐detector distance (SDD), allow for the area at dmax (in which the dose map is calculated) to be adjusted.

Methods

We considered the detector prototype “MP512” (an array of 512 diode‐sensitive volumes, 2 mm spatial resolution). Measurements in transmission mode were taken at SDDs in the range from 0.3 to 24 cm. Dose mode (DM) measurements were made at dmax in Solid Water. We considered radiation fields in the range from 2 × 2 cm2 to 10 × 10 cm2, produced by 6 MV flattened photon beams; we derived a relationship between DM and TM measurements as a function of SDD and field size. The relationship was used to calculate, from TM measurements at 4 and 24 cm SDD, dose maps at dmax in fields of 1 × 1 cm2 and 4 × 4 cm2, and in IMRT fields. Calculations were cross‐checked (gamma analysis) with the treatment planning system and with measurements (MP512, films, ionization chamber).

Results

In the square fields, calculations agreed with measurements to within ±2.36%. In the IMRT fields, using acceptance criteria of 3%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm, 1%/1 mm, calculations had respective gamma passing rates greater than 96.89%, 90.50%, 62.20% (for a 4 cm SSD); and greater than 97.22%, 93.80%, 59.00% (for a 24 cm SSD). Lower rates (1%/1 mm criterion) can be explained by submillimeter misalignments, dose averaging in calculations, noise artifacts in film dosimetry.

Conclusions

It is possible to perform TM measurements at the SSD which produces the best fit between the area at dmax in which the dose map is calculated and the size of the monitored target.
Cancer Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles for Personalized Therapy in Patient‐Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Rao Lang , Yu Guang‐Tao , Meng Qian‐Fang , Bu Lin‐Lin , Tian Rui , Lin Li‐Sen , Deng Hongzhang , Yang Weijing , Zan Minghui , Ding Jianxun , Li Andrew , Xiao Haihua , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Liu Wei , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2019

Cell membrane coating nanotechnology, which endows nanoparticles with unique properties, displays excellent translational potential in cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, the preparation and evaluation of these cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles are based on cell lines and cell‐line‐based xenograft mouse models. The feasibility of cell membrane‐camouflaged nanomaterials is tested in a preclinical setting. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient‐derived tumor cell (PDTC) membranes are coated onto gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) and the resulting PDTC@GNPs show efficient targeting to homotypic tumor cells and tissues in patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models. When the donor‐derived cell membrane of PDTC@GNPs matched those of the host cells, significant targeting capability is observed. In contrast, mismatch between the donor and host results in weak targeting. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that autologous separation and administration of cellular membranes and anticancer cisplatin (Pt)‐loaded PDTC@GNPs, respectively, lead to almost complete tumor ablation in a subcutaneous model and effectively inhibit tumor recurrence in a postsurgery model. The work presented here reinforces the translation of these biomimetic nanoparticles for clinical applications and offers a simple, safe, and effective strategy for personalized cancer treatment.
Multistimuli‐Responsive Display Materials to Encrypt Differentiated Information in Bright and Dark Fields
Authors: Jiang Tong , Zhu Yi‐Fei , Zhang Jun‐Cheng , Zhu Jiajie , Zhang Min , Qiu Jianrong
Published: October 2019

Visually readable codes play a crucial role in anticounterfeiting measures. However, current coding approaches do not enable time‐dependent codes to be visually read, adjusted, and differentiated in bright and dark fields. Here, using a combined strategy of piezoelectric lattice selection, oxygen vacancy engineering, and activator doping, a lanthanide ion‐doped titanate is developed that integrates mechano‐, thermo‐, and photo‐responsive color change (>18 h for bright field), persistent luminescence (>6 h for dark field), and stimulus‐triggered multimodal luminescence. The feasibility of optical encoding, visual displaying, and stimulus‐responsive encrypting of time‐dependent, dual‐field information by using the developed material is demonstrated. In particular, the differentiated display of dual‐field modes is achieved by combining mechanostimulated abolition of only the persistent luminescence and thermo‐ and photostimulated reversal of both the color change and persistent luminescence. The results provide new insights for designing advanced materials and encryption technologies for photonic displays, information security, and intelligent anticounterfeiting.
Super‐ and Ultrathin Organic Field‐Effect Transistors: from Flexibility to Super‐ and Ultraflexibility
Authors: Nawrocki Robert A.
Published: October 2019

Physically flexible electronics offer a wide range of benefits, including the development of next‐generation consumer electronics and healthcare products. The advancement of physical flexibility, typically achieved by the reduction of the total device thickness, including substrates and encapsulation layers, shows great promise for skin‐laminated electronics. Organic electronics—devices relying on carbon‐based materials—offer many advantages over their inorganic counterparts, including the following: significantly lower fabrication temperatures resulting in alternative fabrication techniques, including inkjet and roll‐to‐roll printing, enabling low‐cost and large‐area fabrication; biocompatibility; and spectacular physical flexibility. This article presents a review, spanning the last two decades, of organic field‐effect transistors with the total thickness of just a few microns as well as devices demonstrated in this decade with a total thickness of few hundred of nanometers. A handful of demonstrations of other organic electronic thin film devices are also presented.
Nanostructured Carbon Nitrides for CO2 Capture and Conversion
Authors: Talapaneni Siddulu Naidu , Singh Gurwinder , Kim In Young , AlBahily Khalid , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a H. , Karakoti Ajay S. , Tavakkoli Ehsan , Vinu Ajayan
Published: October 2019

Carbon nitride (CN), a 2D material composed of only carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which are linked by strong covalent bonds, has been used as a metal‐devoid and visible‐light‐active photocatalyst owing to its magnificent optoelectronic and physicochemical properties including suitable bandgap, adjustable energy‐band positions, tailor‐made surface functionalities, low cost, metal‐free nature, and high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stabilities. CN‐based materials possess a lot of advantages over conventional metal‐based inorganic photocatalysts including ease of synthesis and processing, versatile functionalization or doping, flexibility for surface engineering, low cost, sustainability, and recyclability without any leaching of toxic metals from photocorrosion. Carbon nitrides and their hybrid materials have emerged as attractive candidates for CO2 capture and its reduction into clean and green low‐carbon fuels and valuable chemical feedstock by using sustainable and intermittent renewable energy sources of sunlight and electricity through the heterogeneous photo(electro)catalysis. Here, the latest research results in this field are summarized, including implementation of novel functionalized nanostructured CNs and their hybrid heterostructures in meeting the stringent requirements to raise the efficiency of the CO2 reduction process by using state‐of‐the‐art photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and feedstock reactions. The research in this field is primarily focused on advancement in the synthesis of nanostructured and functionalized CN‐based hybrid heterostructured materials. More importantly, the recent past has seen a surge in studies focusing significantly on exploring the mechanism of their application perspectives, which include the behavior of the materials for the absorption of light, charge separation, and pathways for the transport of CO2 during the reduction process.
Tough, Self‐Healing Hydrogels Capable of Ultrafast Shape Changing
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Diggle Broden , Shackleford India C. G. , Connal Luke A.
Published: October 2019

Achieving multifunctional shape‐changing hydrogels with synergistic and engineered material properties is highly desirable for their expanding applications, yet remains an ongoing challenge. The synergistic design of multiple dynamic chemistries enables new directions for the development of such materials. Herein, a molecular design strategy is proposed based on a hydrogel combining acid–ether hydrogen bonding and imine bonds. This approach utilizes simple and scalable chemistries to produce a doubly dynamic hydrogel network, which features high water uptake, high strength and toughness, excellent fatigue resistance, fast and efficient self‐healing, and superfast, programmable shape changing. Furthermore, deformed shapes can be memorized due to the large thermal hysteresis. This new type of shape‐changing hydrogel is expected to be a key component in future biomedical, tissue, and soft robotic device applications.
Pressure‐Dependent Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskite Cs2AgB″X6 (B″═In, Bi; X═Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Su Jie , Zhang Zhao , Hou Jie , Liu Mengyu , Lin Zhenhua , Hu Zhaosheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue
Published: October 2019

Lead‐free halide double perovskites Cs2AgB″X6 (B″═In, Bi; X═Cl, Br, I) are emerging as excellent photoelectric materials. Investigating their mechanical and thermodynamic properties under hydrostatic pressure is vital for designing high‐performance photoelectric devices. Although Cs2AgB″X6 exhibits similar cubic structures, the bond length and strength characteristics of Cs2AgInX6 are different to those of Cs2AgBiX6, and Cs2AgB″X6 exhibits obvious mechanical anisotropic. Upon experiencing pressure, the stablility of Cs2AgB″X6 is improved and without phase transition, and its bond characteristics are unified, which is different to lead halide perovskites. Compared to Cs2AgBiX6, Cs2AgInX6 may be more suitable to flexible devices due to its higher shear and bulk modulus. In addition, the thermal conductivities of Cs2AgBiX6 (X═Cl, Br) and Cs2AgBiX6 (X═Cl, Br, I) are 0.41, 0.32, 0.37, 0.29, 0.23 W m−1 K−1, and can be enlarged by pressure and surpass that of lead halide perovskite. Moreover, all the Cs2AgB″X6 (B″═In, Bi; X═Cl, Br, I) possess the same saturated heat capacity of about 249.3 J mol−1 K−1. These variations of mechanical and thermal properties are elucidated by the bonds. These results maybe also applicable to other double perovskites, and beneficial for designing devices with better optoelectronic performance.
Nanoscaled Lithium Powders with Protection of Ionic Liquid for Highly Stable Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Pu Kaichao , Qu Xiaolei , Zhang Xin , Hu Jianjiang , Gu Changdong , Wu Yongjun , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge , Liu Yongfeng
Published: October 2019

To suppress the dendrite formation and alleviate volume expansion upon striping/platting is a key challenge for developing practical lithium metal anodes. Lithium metal in powder form possesses great potential to address this issue due to large specific surface area. However, the fabrication of powdery metallic lithium is largely restricted because of its unique softness, stickiness, and high reactivity. Here, a safe and readily accessible cryomilling process toward lithium powders is reported. Nanoscaled lithium powders (<500 nm) are successfully prepared from lithium foils with the assistance of a high‐melting‐point ionic liquid under cryogenic temperature. The prepared lithium powder anode exhibits superior electrochemical properties in symmetric cells, including extraordinarily low yet stable overpotential (≈50 mV), ultrahigh area capacity (30 mAh cm−2), and good long‐term cyclability (1200 h) even cycling at high current density (10 mA cm−2). The powdery form of lithium also functions as a favorable prelithiation reagent for lithium‐free anodes (e.g., Si, SiO, and SnO2). The findings open up a new avenue for the real‐world application of lithium metal anodes for next‐generation lithium batteries.
Predictors of efficacy for combination oral and topical corticosteroids to treat patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Epperson Madison V. , Phillips Katie M. , Caradonna David S. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R.
Published: October 2019

Background

A short‐course oral corticosteroid taper and topical intranasal corticosteroids may be used to maximize the success of medical management for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). In this study, we sought to identify characteristics that would be predictive of efficacy for this combination regimen.

Methods

Sixty‐four patients with CRS, bilateral polyps, a polyp score of at least 3, and a 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) score ≥20 were prospectively enrolled and uniformly treated with a 15‐day prednisone taper and twice daily dilute budesonide irrigations. Participants were assessed at enrollment and at follow up, 2 to 5 months later. Clinical and demographic characteristics were assessed at enrollment. At both time points, CRS symptoms were assessed with SNOT‐22, and polyp score (range, 0 to 6) was assessed endoscopically. Associations were determined with regression.

Results

Pretreatment SNOT‐22 score (adjusted β = −0.83; 95% CI, −1.08 to −0.58; p < 0.001) and comorbid asthma (adjusted β = 15.75; 95% CI, 4.74 to 26.75; p = 0.007) were associated with a change in SNOT‐22 experienced over the study period. Achieving a greater‐than‐1 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) improvement in SNOT‐22 score was also associated with pretreatment SNOT‐22 score (adjusted OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.14; p < 0.001) and comorbid asthma (adjusted OR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.72; p = 0.019). SNOT‐22 score ≥47 had 81.5% sensitivity and 78.4% specificity to detect patients experiencing 1 MCID improvement. Pretreatment polyp score was not associated with any outcome metric.

Conclusion

In treatment of CRSwNP with prednisone and budesonide irrigations, pretreatment endoscopy was not informative of treatment response. Pretreatment SNOT‐22 and comorbid asthma may be more predictive.
Site‐Specific Encoding of Photoactivity in Antibodies Enables Light‐Mediated Antibody–Antigen Binding on Live Cells
Authors: Bridge Thomas , Shaikh Saher A. , Thomas Paul , Botta Joaquin , McCormick Peter J. , Sachdeva Amit
Published: October 2019

Antibodies have found applications in several fields, including, medicine, diagnostics, and nanotechnology, yet methods to modulate antibody–antigen binding using an external agent remain limited. Here, we have developed photoactive antibody fragments by genetic site‐specific replacement of single tyrosine residues with photocaged tyrosine, in an antibody fragment, 7D12. A simple and robust assay is adopted to evaluate the light‐mediated binding of 7D12 mutants to its target, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), on the surface of cancer cells. Presence of photocaged tyrosine reduces 7D12‐EGFR binding affinity by over 20‐fold in two out of three 7D12 mutants studied, and binding is restored upon exposure to 365 nm light. Molecular dynamics simulations explain the difference in effect of photocaging on 7D12‐EGFR interaction among the mutants. Finally, we demonstrate the application of photoactive antibodies in delivering fluorophores to EGFR‐positive live cancer cells in a light‐dependent manner.
Enantioselective Control of Both Helical and Axial Stereogenic Elements though an Organocatalytic Approach
Authors: Jia Shiqi , Li Shan , Liu Yidong , Qin Wenling , Yan Hailong
Published: October 2019

A highly diastereo‐ and enantio‐selective method for the asymmetric synthesis of molecules containing helicenes and stereogenic axes was developed based on organocatalysis. Various compounds bearing both helical and axial stereogenic elements were obtained in excellent enantioselectivities. The mechanism study revealed that the reaction proceeded through two stages: 1) The first cyclization produces a reaction intermediate containing a stereogenic axis. 2) The dynamic kinetic resolution of helix reaction intermediate following with cyclization generates a helix and another stereogenic axis.
Regioselektive Hydrosilylierung von Olefinen katalysiert durch ein molekulares Calciumhydrid‐Kation
Authors: Schuhknecht Danny , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun
Published: October 2019

Chemo‐ und Regioselektivität sind bei der Hydrosilylierung von Olefinen durch d‐ und f‐Block‐Metallkomplexe häufig schwer zu kontrollieren. Das durch einen NNNN‐Makrozyklus stabilisierte kationische Calciumhydrid [CaH]+katalysiert die regioselektive Hydrosilylierung von aliphatischen Olefinen zu Anti‐Markownikow‐Produkten sowie die Markownikow‐selektive Hydrosilylierung von Aryl‐substituierten Olefinen. Die effektive Hydrosilylierung von Ethen mit primären und sekundären Hydrosilanen ergab zwei‐ und einfach ethylierte Silane. Im Vergleich zu anderen häufig verwendeten Hydrosilanen reagierten aliphatische Hydrosilane bevorzugt. Das nukleophile Hydrid begünstigte Austauschreaktionen von Arylsilanen wie PhSiH3, während Alkoxy‐ und Siloxyhydrosilane isolierbare Calcium‐Alkoxid‐ und Siloxid‐Derivate ergaben.
Symmetric, Unsymmetrical, and Asymmetric [7]‐, [10]‐, and [13]Helicenes
Authors: Pedersen Stephan K. , Eriksen Kristina , Pittelkow Michael
Published: October 2019

Fully aromatic helicenes with more than one pitch‐length are illustrious synthetic targets with potential applications in advanced optical devices and nano‐electronics. The task of extending the length of fully conjugated helicenes past one pitch length is challenging. Now, the synthesis of a series of azaoxa[7]‐, [10]‐, and [13]helicenes is described. The synthesis is based on iterative oxidative furan formation between 3,6‐dihydroxycarbazoles and/or 2‐naphthols. The flexibility of the presented method allows the convenient and scalable synthesis of symmetric, unsymmetrical, and asymmetric homo‐chiral structures. The [13]helicenes can be synthetically functionalized both at the termini and the periphery. The full range of helicenes were characterized using NMR and optical spectroscopy (UV/Vis, fluorescence, and CD) along with single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The enantiomers of the [13]helicenes are the longest optically pure helicenes isolated to date.
Anisotropically Electrochemical–Mechanical Evolution in Solid‐State Batteries and Interfacial Tailored Strategy
Authors: Sun Nan , Liu Qingsong , Cao Yi , Lou Shuaifeng , Ge Mingyuan , Xiao Xianghui , Lee Wah‐Keat , Gao Yunzhi , Yin Geping , Wang Jiajun , Sun Xueliang
Published: October 2019

All‐solid‐state batteries have attracted attention owing to the potential high energy density and safety; however, little success has been made on practical applications of solid‐state batteries, which is largely attributed to the solid–solid interface issues. A fundamental elucidation of electrode–electrolyte interface behaviors is of crucial significance but has proven difficult. The interfacial resistance and capacity fading issues in a solid‐state battery were probed, revealing a heterogeneous phase transition evolution at solid–solid interfaces. The strain‐induced interfacial change and the contact loss, as well as a dense metallic surface phase, deteriorate the electrochemical reaction in solid‐state batteries. Furthermore, the in situ growth of electrolytes on secondary particles is proposed to fabricate robust solid–solid interface. Our study enlightens new insights into the mechanism behind solid–solid interfacial reaction for optimizing advanced solid‐state batteries.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Perezoperezone through an Intermolecular [5+2] Homodimerization of Hydroxy p‐Quinone
Authors: Long Yang , Ding Yiming , Wu Hai , Qu Chunlei , Liang Hong , Zhang Min , Zhao Xiaoli , Long Xianwen , Wang Shu , Puno Pema‐Tenzin , Deng Jun
Published: October 2019

The first copper‐catalyzed intermolecular [5+2] homodimerization of hydroxy p‐quinone is presented, furnishing bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienone core structures in typically good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. Applying this synthetic approach enables a concise nine‐step total synthesis of (−)‐perezoperezone from commercially available 3,5‐dimethoxytoluene.
Significant Upregulation of Alzheimer's β‐Amyloid Levels in a Living System Induced by Extracellular Elastin Polypeptides
Authors: Ma Chao , Su Juanjuan , Sun Yao , Feng Yang , Shen Nolan , Li Bo , Liang Yingxia , Yang Xintong , Wu Hui , Zhang Hongjie , Herrmann Andreas , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Liu Kai , Zhang Can
Published: October 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of age‐related dementia. The etiology of AD is complex and has not been completely elucidated. Herein, we report that treatment with elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs), a component of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), significantly increased the levels of AD‐related amyloid‐β peptides (Aβ) both in vitro and in vivo. Regarding the molecular mechanism(s), the upregulation of Aβ levels was related to increased proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Furthermore, nesting tests demonstrated that the ELP‐treated animals showed significant neurobehavioral deficits with cognitive impairment. These results suggest that the elastin is associated with AD‐related pathological and behavioral changes. This finding presents a new aspect for Alzheimer's amyloidosis event and provides a great promise in developing ELP‐based model systems to better understand the pathogenesis of AD.
Synthesis and kinetics studies of N′‐(2‐(3,5‐disubstituted‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)acetyl)‐6/7/8‐substituted‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐carbohydrazide derivatives as potent antidiabetic agents
Authors: Menteşe Emre , Baltaş Nimet , Bekircan Olcay
Published: October 2019

A novel series of N′‐(2‐(3,5‐disubstituted‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)acetyl)‐6/7/8‐substituted‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐carbohydrazides were synthesized and studied for their α‐glucosidase inhibition activity. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited potential α‐glucosidase inhibition activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.96 ± 0.02 to 32.86 ± 0.73 µg/ml. Among them, compounds 3e and 4e, having a methoxy group on the coumarin ring, proved to be the most potent ones, showing an enzyme inhibition activity with IC50 = 0.96 ± 0.02 and 1.44 ± 0.06 µg/ml, respectively. The kinetic study through Lineweaver–Burk plots revealed that the inhibition mechanism of the most active compounds 3d, 3e, 4d, and 4e, on the α‐glucosidase activity, was found to be in the competitive mode.
The Usefulness of Saturated Salt Solution Embalming Method for Oral Surgical Skills Training: A New Cadaveric Training Model for Bone Harvesting
Authors: Watanabe Masato , Yoneyama Yuya , Hamada Hayato , Kohno Michihide , Hasegawa On , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Kawase‐Koga Yoko , Matsuo Akira , Chikazu Daichi , Kawata Shinichi , Itoh Masahiro
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of saturated salt solution‐embalmed cadavers for oral surgical skills training related to bone graft harvesting. Two half‐day surgical skills training workshops were held at the Tokyo Medical University utilizing eight cadavers embalmed with the saturated salt solution. A total of 22 participants including oral surgeons, residents, and dentists attended the workshop. Surgical training consisted of six procedures related to intraoral and extraoral bone harvesting. The participants were surveyed to assess self‐confidence levels for each surgical procedure before and after completion of each workshop. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare the differences between each median score before and after the workshop. There were statistically significant increases in the self‐assessed confidence scores in bone harvesting procedures for the zygomatic bone (P = 0.003), maxillary tuberosity (P = 0.002), and other sites (P < 0.001). The anatomical features of saturated salt solution‐embalmed cadavers were also examined. The textures of the oral mucosa and skin were similar to those of living individuals. The structure of bone tissues was well‐preserved and the hardness was realistic. Consequently, all procedures were performed with sufficient realism. The saturated salt solution method has a relatively low cost of preparation and storage, and almost no odor. The authors suggest that saturated salt solution‐embalmed cadavers could provide a new model for oral surgical skills training in bone harvesting.