bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segmentation Algorithm of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Glioma under Fully Convolutional Densely Connected Convolutional Networks
Authors: Dong Jie , Zhang Yueying , Meng Yun , Yang Tingxiao , Ma Wei , Wu Huixin
Published: October 2022

This work focused on the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image segmentation algorithm based on fully convolutional DenseNet neural network (FCDNN) in glioma diagnosis. In this work, based on the fully convolutional DenseNet algorithm, a new MRI image automatic semantic segmentation method cerebral gliomas semantic segmentation network (CGSSNet) was established and was applied to glioma MRI image segmentation by using the BraTS public dataset as research data. Under the same conditions, compare the differences of dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, and Hausdroff distance (HD) between this algorithm and other algorithms in MRI image processing. The results showed that the CGSSNet network segmentation algorithm significantly improved the segmentation accuracy of glioma MRI images. In addition, its DSC, sensitivity, and HD values for glioma MRI images were 0.937, 0.811, and 1.201, respectively. Under different iteration times, the DSC, sensitivity, and HD values of the CGSSNet network segmentation algorithm are significantly better than other algorithms. It showed that the CGSSNet model based on the DenseNet can improve the segmentation accuracy of glioma MRI images, and has potential application value in clinical practice.
Multiple Quasisynchronization of Uncertain Fractional‐Order Delayed Neural Networks by Impulsive Control Mechanism
Authors: Li Biwen , Xu Lin
Published: October 2022

We study the dynamical behavior of multiple quasi‐synchronization of a type of fractional‐order coupled neural networks (FCNNs) with delay and uncertain parameters. By utilizing the pinned pulse control strategy technique, we establish a new pulse controller, which realizes the multiple quasisynchronization of the system. Furthermore, we derive some new criteria of multiple quasisynchronization by using the comparison principle and mathematical analysis. Eventually, simulations are carried out with two examples to explicate the effectiveness of the conclusions.
A New Efficient Method for Solving System of Weakly Singular Fractional Integro‐Differential Equations by Shifted Sixth‐Kind Chebyshev Polynomials
Authors: Yaghoubi S. , Aminikhah H. , Sadri K.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a new approach for solving the system of fractional integro‐differential equation with weakly singular kernels is introduced. The method is based on a class of symmetric orthogonal polynomials called shifted sixth‐kind Chebyshev polynomials. First, the operational matrices are constructed, and after that, the method is described. This method reduces a system of weakly singular fractional integro‐differential equations (WSFIDEs) by the collocation method into a system of algebraic equations. Thereupon, an upper error bound for the proposed method is determined. Finally, some numerical examples are prepared to test the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.
Improving Cloud/Snow Detection in Remote Sensing Image with Spatiotemporal Information Fusion
Authors: Wen Jianfeng , Zhang Hao , He Changxian , Xu Gang
Published: October 2022

The clouds and snow in optical remote sensing images always interfere with the interpretation of remote sensing images, which even makes an entire image unavailable. In general, the proportion of cloud/snow cover in remote sensing images needs to be clarified to improve the utilization of remote sensing images. The metadata of remote sensing image products contains prior knowledge of spatiotemporal information, such as imaging time, latitude and longitude, and altitude. This paper proposes a remote sensing image cloud/snow detection method that fuses spatial and temporal information. The proposed method can combine spatiotemporal information for feature extraction and stitching, thus improving the accuracy of remote sensing image cloud/snow detection. In this study, the proposed method is trained and tested with a large-scale cloud/snow image dataset. The experimental results show that both the temporal or spatial information alone and the fused temporal and spatial information can improve the cloud/snow detection accuracy in remote sensing images. The easy-to-obtain imaging time information can also significantly improve the detection accuracy for cloud/snow. The proposed method can be used to improve the cloud/snow detection effect of any remote sensing image product containing prior knowledge of spatiotemporal information and has a good application prospect.
Effect of Alloying Elements and Ceramic Coating on the Surface Temperature of an Aluminum Piston in a Diesel Engine
Authors: Vengatesan S. , Yadav Paras , Varuvel Edwin Geo
Published: October 2022

The engine piston is subjected to very high temperature during the combustion process, and it is very difficult to control the stability of the geometry at elevated temperature. The stability of the engine piston was analysed by finite element method with steady‐state conditions for three different types of approach to control it, where the influence of the alloying element of aluminum piston, influence of surface coating, and its impact on the thickness variation followed by the influence of holes on the coating surface have been analysed in detail. It is observed that the coating with holes shows good agreement with requirement compared to the influence of the alloying element and coated piston. The conduction mode of heat transfer is controlled, and also, the heat transfer to the adjacent components is facilitated by holes on the coated piston.
A Privacy Preserving Authentication Scheme for Heterogeneous Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Tan Zuowen , Jiao Jintao , Yu Mengjiang
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is playing a promising role in the optimization of industrial systems. IIoT devices generate a great amount of data that could be used for different applications. Due to the untrusted nature of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication channels, data authenticity and integrity are an important issue that must be addressed. Especially, it is challenging to deal with the privacy disclosure that the heterogeneity of IIoT brings about. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving scheme for authenticity in heterogeneous IIoT systems. Our authentication schemes support many kinds of IIoT devices with multicryptographic configurations such as RSA-based, DL-based, ECC-based, and lattice-based cryptosystems. We provide the formalized proof of the unforgeability and privacy of the proposed schemes in the random oracle model. The experimental simulation demonstrates that the proposed schemes are feasible in the heterogeneous IIoT environment.
JAK: Not Just Another Kinase
Authors: Agashe Ruchi P. , Lippman Scott M. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: October 2022

The JAK/STAT axis is implicated in cancer, inflammation, and immunity. Numerous cytokines/growth factors affect JAK/STAT signaling. JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) noncovalently associate with cytokine receptors, mediate receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and recruit ≥1 STAT proteins (STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, STAT5b, and STAT6). Tyrosine-phosphorylated STATs dimerize and are then transported into the nucleus to function as transcription factors. Signaling is attenuated by specific suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins, creating a negative feedback loop. Both germline mutations and polymorphisms of JAK family members correlate with specific diseases: Systemic lupus erythematosus (TYK2 polymorphisms); severe combined immunodeficiency (JAK3 mutations); pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TYK2 mutations); and hereditary thrombocytosis (JAK2 mutations). Somatic gain-of-function JAK mutations mainly occur in hematologic malignancies, with the activating JAK2 V617F being a myeloproliferative disorder hallmark; it is also seen in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Several T-cell malignancies, as well as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia also harbor JAK family somatic alterations. On the other hand, JAK2 copy-number loss is associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance. JAK inhibitors (jakinibs) have been deployed in many conditions with JAK activation; they are approved in myeloproliferative disorders, rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, graft-versus-host disease, alopecia areata, ankylosing spondylitis, and in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Clinical trials are investigating jakinibs in multiple other autoimmune/inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, dermatologic and neurologic improvements have been observed in children with Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome (a genetic interferonopathy) treated with JAK inhibitors.
Association of Physical Activity with Retinal Thickness and Vascular Structure in Elderly Chinese Population
Authors: Cui Bohao , Zhu Yanfang , Zhang Xiaodan , He Kai , Shi Ying , Yu Jinguo , Zhou Wei , Zhu Yun , Yan Hua
Published: October 2022

Introduction: We aimed to assess the association of physical activity (PA) with retinal thickness and vascular structure in an elderly Chinese population. Methods: This study enrolled 220 retirees aged 50 years and above from Tianjin University of Sport, China. PA data gathered through the International Physical Activity Questionnaires were computed for metabolic equivalent of task-minutes per week. All participants underwent full ophthalmic examination including optical coherence tomography angiography. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of PA with retinal thickness and vascular structure. Results: A high amount of total PA was associated with smaller size of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (high vs. low: area, β = −0.04; circumference β = −0.14) and greater central vessel density (VD) (β = 1.04) and perfusion density (PD) (β = 0.02). For domain-specific PA, participants with high and moderate recreational PA levels were found to have greater central VDs and PDs. Nonleisure activities demonstrated negative relationship with FAZ perimeter ratio (moderate vs. low: β = −0.08; high vs. low: β = −0.13) and, counter-intuitively, negative relation with VDs measured at the inner (high vs. low: β = −0.98) and outer retinal layers (high vs. low: β = −0.38). Additionally, higher levels of total PA were related to increased macular fovea thickness and average thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer. Conclusions: High PA level, particularly recreational PA, was associated with smaller FAZ and greater VD and PD in senior adults. Nonleisure-time PA might not confer the same health benefits as leisure-time PA. Our data support a possible protective role of recreational PA in the retina against microvascular changes.
Age, gender and duration of dating with the involvement in dating violence
Authors: Ayu Suci Musvita , Gustina Erni , Rahfiludin Mohammad Zen
Published: October 2022

Dating violence (DV) is a public health issue with severe implications for victims and perpetrators both. Adolescents, both male and female, exhibit a tendency for involvement in this. This cross-sectional research aimed to analyze the relationship between age, gender, and dating duration with the involvement of perpetrators of violence in dating. The sample size for this study consisted of 351 adolescents who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The sample inclusion criteria are active students, have a partner, and are willing to be respondents. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test with 95% confidence interval. The results showed that younger adolescents are more likely to be involved in DV. Almost all females have acted as perpetrators of physical and psychological violence in dating. Females and males have equal opportunities to engage in DV. The dating duration is also predicted as one of the causes of adolescent involvement in violence during courtship. The dating duration is predicted to be more prone to being involved–being the perpetrator–in DV. Victims must have the courage to take a stand and stop the relationship if they experience violence, and they must be wise and selective in help-seeking.
Factors influencing hand washing with soap compliance level among beach tourism workers
Authors: Musfirah Musfirah , Rangkuti Ahmad Faizal , Khotimah Fenni Nurul
Published: October 2022

The compliance level of beach tourism workers is the most important factor to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread in tourism destinations. The availability of hand washing facilities and COVID-19 health protocol media can influence beach tourism workers' compliance with hand washing with soap (HWWS). The study aimed to determine the related factors toward HWWS compliance level among beach tourism workers. A cross-setional study involved 60 beach tourism workers recruited using total sampling technique from September to November 2021. Questionnaires were used to assess the availability of hand washing facilities, health protocol media, and HWWS compliance levels in beach tourism workers. The descriptive and Fisher’s tests are used in the analysis. The findings demonstrated that majority of respondents support the availability of hand washing facilities, the COVID-19 health protocols media, and had a good HWWS compliance among beach tourism workers. We concluded that the availability of hand washing facilities as main factor with related to HWWS compliance level among beach tourism workers.
Factors associated with dengue fever prevention practices in endemic area
Authors: Arfan Iskandar , Rizky Ayu , Hernawan Andri Dwi
Published: October 2022

Prevention practices and the factors that influence them are essential for controlling the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and effective strategic planning. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the practice of preventing dengue fever in communities in endemic areas of Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 379 households in endemic areas using a questionnaire. Collecting data was using a questionnaire with interviews. Bivariate analysis employed Chi-square test, multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Most of the respondents practiced fewer prevention; variables related to dengue fever prevention practices were income, education, knowledge about dengue prevention and health education (mass media). Regression analysis showed that the variables of education, knowledge about dengue prevention, and mass media education were related to the practice of preventing dengue fever. This study indicated that in preventing dengue fever, strategies must be developed to cultivate prevention practices and increase prevention campaigns using mass media and focus on areas with low education and knowledge in dengue prevention.
Acceptability and attributes of the COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Arceo Engracia , Dizon Genevieve , Mendoza James Ryan , Tiongco Raphael Enrique , Dizon Michael , Sibug Nestor
Published: October 2022

With the Philippines’ experience on vaccine hesitancy, the study aimed to determine the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination in the country and understand its attributes using the diffusion of innovation (DoI) theory. The cross-sectional study included 327 respondents recruited for four weeks through various social media platforms. Participants were requested to answer a self-administered online questionnaire. Majority of the respondents were belonged to age group 21-30 (46.2%), mostly female (65.4%), relatively healthy (86.2%), college graduate (37.6%), and currently unemployed (50.8%). While the majority had the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 (70.0%), only 16.8% are innovators belonging to the age group 21-30 (p value=0.03), male (p value <0.001), and employed (p value=0.01). Relative advantage (p value <0.001), compatibility (p value <0.001), observability (p value <0.001), and perceived risk (p value <0.001) are significantly associated with the intention for COVID-19 vaccination and adopter category. Findings provde that the attributes of DoI are predictors for the acceptability and timing of COVID-19 vaccination. Strategies that promote trust, information transparency, and better information dissemination on the benefits and safety of vaccination can motivate more Filipinos to adopt the innovation.
Factors associated with utilization of visual inspection with acetic acid in Nepal
Authors: Ramtel Tara , Noh Kamaliah Mohamad , Rampal Krishna Gopal , Thapa Narbada
Published: October 2022

Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is an optional cervical cancer screening method. National guideline of Nepal has emphasized using the VIA and intended to achieve at least a 50% screening rate by 2015 but the overall coverage is only 2.4% in 2019. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the factors associated with the utilization of VIA screening in Bagmati Province, Nepal. A convenience sample of 400 women aged 30 to 60 years was included in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on VIA test and factors associated with it. Awareness, economic status, socio-psychological beliefs, service availability and accessibility, perception on service providers’ performance were associated with low VIA use in the province. VIA screening was associated with socio-demographic variables (χ2=29.9; df=4; p=<0.001), knowledge factors (χ2=69.29; df=3; p=<0.001) and with the perception on service providers’ performance (χ2=433.82; df=6; p=<0.001). Service providers’ approach during the VIA screening mattered to the acceptance of this service. The disparity was observed in the knowledge of cervical cancer and screening by the women. Based on this, there is a need for massive improvement on the awareness of the community about cervical disease and screening services.
Does the increase in the cigarette excise tax affect cigarette consumption?
Authors: Susilawati Neni , Abyan Daffa , Aruan Sabrina Cristalia , Angwyn Marcel
Published: October 2022

The level of cigarette excise rates is one of the factors of cigarette costs. However, it is unclear how high the cigarette excise rate should be in order to reduce smoking in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to see how effective the cigarette excise tariff policy was at lowering public cigarette usage. The study conducted a quantitative approach, employing survey data collection techniques on a number of smokers as well as in-depth interviews. The data indicated that a 12.5% increase in the cigarette excise charge had a negligible effect on reducing cigarette consumption. The author identified numerous variables that contributed to the tobacco excise tax increase's ineffectiveness as a policy.
Does mouthwash degrade the force of orthodontic latex elastics?
Authors: Suparwitri Sri , Rosyida Niswati Fathmah , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali
Published: October 2022

With the surge of COVID-19 pandemic, orthodontists have recommended the use of mouthwashes. However, this product frequently contains ingredients that can modify the mouth's pH and elastic force. This study examined the influence of mouthwashes on latex elastic force deterioration. One hundred orthodontic latex elastics (1/4”) were separated into five groups: control, zinc sulfate 0.2%, chlorhexidine 0.2%, sodium fluoride 0.2%, and povidone–iodine 1%. The samples were stretched to 19.05 mm, stored in artificial saliva solutions, and incubated. Groups 2–5 tested mouthwashes for 60 seconds every 12 hours and then reverted to artificial saliva. Force was measured using a five-times-activated tension gauge. Elastic force was tested at five-time intervals: baseline, 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours. The statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA and the Tukey post–hoc test. Results showed statistical differences for the time intervals and force degradation of orthodontic latex elastics (p<0.05). The majority of force loss occurred within six hours of extension and immersion. Mouthwashes had no influence on the reduction in elastic force (p>0.05). The force degradation of orthodontic latex elastics was unaffected by mouthwashes. The lowest force degradation was generated by povidone–iodine, followed by zinc sulfate, sodium fluoride, and chlorhexidine.
Effect of a Run‐In Period on Estimated Treatment Effects in Cardiovascular Randomized Clinical Trials: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Murphy Robert P. , O’Donnell Martin J. , Nolan Aoife , McGrath Emer , O’Conghaile Aengus , Ferguson John , Alvarez‐Iglesias Alberto , Costello Maria , Loughlin Elaine , Reddin Catriona , Ruttledge Sarah , Gorey Sarah , Hughes Diarmaid , Smyth Andrew , Canavan Michelle , Judge Conor
Published: October 2022

Background

A run‐in period may increase adherence to intervention and reduce loss to follow‐up. Whether use of a run‐in period affects the magnitude of treatment effects is unknown.

Methods and Results

We conducted a meta‐analysis comparing treatment effects from 11 systematic reviews of cardiovascular prevention trials using a run‐in period with matched trials not using a run‐in period. We matched run‐in with non–run‐in trials by population, intervention, control, and outcome. We calculated a ratio of relative risks (RRRs) using a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Our primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular events, and the primary analysis was a matched comparison of clinical trials using a run‐in period versus without a run‐in period. We identified 66 run‐in trials and 111 non–run‐in trials (n=668 901). On meta‐analysis there was no statistically significant difference in the magnitude of treatment effect between run‐in trials (relative risk [RR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.80–0.87]) compared with non–run‐in trials (RR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84–0.91]; RRR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.90–1.01]). There was no significant difference in the RRR for secondary outcomes of all‐cause mortality (RRR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.91–1.03]) or medication discontinuation because of adverse events (RRR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.85–1.21]). Post hoc exploratory univariate meta‐regression showed that on average a run‐in period is associated with a statistically significant difference in treatment effect (RRR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.90–0.99]) for cardiovascular composite outcome, but this was not statistically significant on multivariable meta‐regression analysis (RRR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.90–1.0]).

Conclusions

The use of a run‐in period was not associated with a difference in the magnitude of treatment effect among cardiovascular prevention trials.
Does the Effectiveness of a Medicine Copay Voucher Vary by Baseline Medication Out‐Of‐Pocket Expenses? Insights From ARTEMIS
Authors: Rymer Jennifer A. , Kaltenbach Lisa A. , Peterson Eric D. , Cohen David J. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Choudhry Niteesh K. , Henry Timothy D. , Cannon Christopher P. , Wang Tracy Y.
Published: October 2022

Background

Persistence to P2Y12 inhibitors after myocardial infarction (MI) remains low. Out‐of‐pocket cost is cited as a factor affecting medication compliance. We examined whether a copayment intervention affected 1‐year persistence to P2Y12 inhibitors and clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

In an analysis of ARTEMIS (Affordability and Real‐World Antiplatelet Treatment Effectiveness After Myocardial Infarction Study), patients with MI discharged on a P2Y12 inhibitor were stratified by baseline out‐of‐pocket medication burden: low ($0–$49 per month), intermediate ($50–$149 per month), and high (≥$150 per month). The impact of the voucher intervention on 1‐year P2Y12 inhibitor persistence was examined using a logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations. We assessed the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events among the groups using a Kaplan–Meier estimator. Among 7351 MI‐treated patients at 282 hospitals, 54.2% patients were in the low copay group, 32.0% in the middle copay group, and 13.8% in the high copay group. Patients in higher copay groups were more likely to have a history of prior MI, heart failure, and diabetes compared with the low copay group (all
P
<0.0001). Voucher use was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of 1‐year P2Y12 inhibitor persistence regardless of copayment tier (low copay with versus without voucher: adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.44 [95% CI, 1.25–1.66]; middle copay: adjusted OR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.37–1.95]; high copay group: adjusted OR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.05–1.87];
P
interaction=0.42). Patients in the high copay group without a voucher had similar risk of 1‐year major adverse cardiovascular events compared with patients in the high copay group with a voucher (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.66–1.21]).

Conclusions

Medication copayment vouchers were associated with higher medication persistence at 1 year following an MI, regardless of out‐of‐pocket medication burden.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02406677.
Associations of Hypertriglyceridemia Onset Age With Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality in Adults: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Hui , Ding Xiong , Yang Qing , Chen Shuohua , Li Yun , Zhou Xin , Wu Shouling
Published: October 2022

Background

Limited studies have involved new‐onset hypertriglyceridemia, and this study was to evaluate the associations of hypertriglyceridemia onset age with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all‐cause mortality.

Methods and Results

This population‐based prospective study enrolled 98 779 participants free of hypertriglyceridemia and CVD at baseline in the Kailuan study initiated in June 2006. All participants underwent health checkups biennially until December 2017, and a total of 13 832 participants developed new hypertriglyceridemia. A 1:1 age‐ (±1 year) and sex‐matched analysis was applied to select control subject of the same year for each new‐onset case. There were 13 056 case‐control pairs included. The total follow‐up time was 179 409 person‐years, with a median follow‐up time of 7.0 years. Primary outcomes were CVD and all‐cause mortality, and hazard ratios were estimated after adjustment for baseline characteristics.

A total of 807 incident CVD events and 600 all‐cause mortality events were documented. After multivariable adjustment, participants with hypertriglyceridemia onset age <45 years had the highest risk compared with matched controls, with hazard ratios of 2.61 (95% CI, 1.59–4.27) for CVD, 4.69 (95% CI, 2.34–9.40) for all‐cause mortality, 2.23 (95% CI, 0.67–7.38) for myocardial infarction, and 2.68 (95% CI, 1.56–4.62) for stroke. The risk estimates gradually decreased with each decade increase in the onset age of hypertriglyceridemia.

Conclusions

Among Chinese adults, hypertriglyceridemia identified at an earlier onset age was associated with higher risks for CVD and all‐cause mortality.
Divergence and Convergence of Sex‐Specific Time Trends in Ischemic Stroke: 10‐Year Analysis of a State‐Wide Registry in Germany
Authors: Schaefer Jan Hendrik , Bohmann Ferdinand O. , Lieschke Franziska , Misselwitz Björn , Foerch Christian
Published: October 2022

Background

The incidence of ischemic stroke was previously expected to rise among countries with an aging population. Lately, several studies from developed countries have reported a decline in certain cohorts. Whether this applies to all sexes, however, is uncertain, with limited data on the temporal development in incidence, treatment, and recovery.

Methods and Results

We analyzed a prospective stroke inpatient quality‐assurance registry of the federal state of Hesse, Germany. Recruitment of all patients with a final diagnosis of ischemic stroke at hospital discharge (
International Classification of Diseases
,
Tenth Revision
[
ICD‐10
]: I63) is mandatory by law. Incidence rates were calculated based on census data of all inhabitants and stratified according to age. Between 2010 and 2019, there were 141 277 patients included, 73 770 (52.2%) male patients and 67 507 (47.8%) female patients. Overall, the incidence of ischemic stroke was 228 per 100 000 in 2010 and 226 per 100 000 in 2019 (−0.8%; odds ratio [OR], 0.99 [95% CI, 0.96–1.02];
P
=0.50). For male patients, the incidence increased continuously from 236 per 100 000 to 245 per 100 000 (+3.8%); in female patients it decreased from 220 per 100 000 to 208 per 100 000 (−5.6%). After adjusting for age, the OR for ischemic stroke between male and female patients was 1.40 in 2010 (95% CI, 1.35–1.44;
P
<0.001) and 1.48 in 2019 (95% CI, 1.43–1.53;
P
<0.001). This development was most pronounced in male patients aged 45 to 59 years with an increase from 151 per 100 000 to 176 per 100 000. In this age group, male patients showed increasing rates of prior strokes and atrial fibrillation, surpassing the prevalence in female patients over time. After multivariable regression analysis, male patients had a lower modified Rankin Scale at discharge compared with female patients, but this difference has decreased since 2015 (common OR in 2010, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78–0.88]; common OR in 2019, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.84–0.95]), which coincided with rising rates of endovascular treatment.

Conclusions

Over the past decade in the federal state of Hesse, the overall incidence of ischemic stroke has declined predominantly in the female population. In contrast, for male patients, the incidence has risen by about 4%, with a steeper increase of 16% in male patients aged 45 to 59 years, which might be related to increasing rates of recurrent strokes and atrial fibrillation in this cohort. This finding provides a cautionary tale for effective secondary prevention. Female patients were generally less likely to achieve a favorable outcome, but since the introduction of endovascular treatment, the outcome gap is decreasing.
The new antlion genus Dominikon gen. nov. with the description of a new species, Dominikon aspoecki sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
Authors: KRIVOKHATSKY VICTOR , DOBOSZ ROLAND , ÁBRAHÁM LEVENTE
Published: October 2022

The genus Dominikon Dobosz, Krivokhatsky & Ábrahám gen. nov. is separated from the genus Nedroledon Navás, 1914, along with two previously described species: Dominikon lagopus (Gerstaecker, 1894) and Dominikon iranensis (Hölzel, 1972) comb. nov. A new species, Dominikon aspoecki Dobosz, Ábrahám & Krivokhatsky sp. nov. is described from Iran and Turkmenistan. The new genus is characterized by the presence of a prominent postventral processus of the ectoproct. The genus Nedroledon includes two valid Western Palaearctic species (Nedroledon anatolicus Navás, 1914 and N. maculatus Zakharenko, 1990). The paper contains a key for both genera, Nedroledon and Dominikon, and a key for the species of the new genus Dominikon. The taxonomic features and habitus of each species are illustrated. New data on the distribution of species of the two related genera Dominikon gen. nov. and Nedroledon Navás, 1914 are also given.
Description and chaetotaxic analysis of the larval instars of Hydrocanthus debilis Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Noteridae)
Authors: URCOLA JUAN I. , ALARIE YVES , BENETTI CESAR J. , TORRES PATRICIA L. M. , MICHAT MARIANO C.
Published: October 2022

All larval instars of the burrowing water beetle species Hydrocanthus debilis Sharp, 1882 are described and illustrated, including morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphus. Larvae of this species have many small dark dorsal maculae on the body, which easily distinguishes it from other known species of the genus except H. socius Sahlberg, 1884. Larvae of H. debilis can easily be separated from those of H. socius by their smaller size, the length of parietal seta PA13 relative to seta PA14, and the relative distance between egg bursters.
Relationships Among Environmental Attitudes, Environmental Efficacy, and Pro-Environmental Behaviors Across and Within 11 Countries
Authors: Miller Lindsay B. , Rice Ronald E. , Gustafson Abel , Goldberg Matthew H.
Published: October 2022

Pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) are crucial to reducing environmental degradations, and much research has focused on two key psychological antecedents: pro-environmental attitudes and efficacy beliefs. Yet, the evidence of their direct and interactive relationships are mixed. Further, few studies investigate how these key relationships vary across different countries and contexts. Using data from a large international survey ( N = 11,000) in 11 countries, we examine relationships among environmental attitudes, efficacy, and PEBs. Overall environmental attitudes are a strong predictor of PEBs, while efficacy has a small direct and a non-significant moderation effect. Within countries, both direct and moderation relationships involving efficacy are tiny. The relative dominance of environmental attitudes as a predictor raises questions about the unique importance of efficacy in explaining PEBs separate from attitudes (and covariates). The nuanced connections between these variables within individual countries highlight the importance of more diverse global environmental research.
Does Use of Information Sources Outside the Treating Oncologist Influence Patient Decision-Making in Patients Receiving Non-Curative Intent Therapy for Advanced Cancer
Authors: Patell Rushad , Miller Eric , Einstein David , Dodge Laura E. , Halleck Jennifer , Buss Mary K.
Published: October 2022

Background

Patients’ decision-making and perceptions of outcomes may be impacted by information sources. We investigated use of information by patients and tested the association with patients’ perception of treatment outcomes.

Methods

We prospectively surveyed patients with advanced solid cancers and their oncologists regarding benefits/risks of non-curative cancer therapies. We previously reported misperception comparing patients’ perceptions of treatment outcomes to those of their oncologist. We report external information use as proportions with binomial confidence intervals (CI) and examined correlations with misperception levels using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results

Of 125 participants, 70% (95% CI: 61-78) stated that they wanted as much information as possible from their oncologist, and nearly all (95%, 95% CI: 90-98) felt the amount of information provided by their clinician was “just right.” Over half (60%, 95% CI: 51-69) wanted at least “a moderate amount” of information from sources outside their oncologist, and 58% (95% CI: 49-67) reported obtaining information from sources outside their oncologist. Over two-thirds (69%, 95% CI: 57-79) of participants felt the information from external sources influenced their decisions “a small amount” or less. There was no correlation between information use and misperception regarding tumor response (r: −.04; P = .60) or treatment toxicity (r: .05; P = .60).

Conclusion

Many patients sought information from sources outside their oncologist; few felt it substantially influenced treatment choices. External information use was not associated with greater misperception of treatment outcomes. These data suggest sources of information outside the treating oncologists did not substantially influence patient’s decision making.
CGRP-induced migraine-like headache in persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ashina Håkan , Iljazi Afrim , Al-Khazali Haidar M. , Do Thien Phu , Eigenbrodt Anna K. , Larsen Eigil L. , Andersen Amalie M. , Hansen Kevin J. , Bräuner Karoline B. , Chaudhry Basit Ali , Christensen Casper E. , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Schytz Henrik W.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To ascertain whether intravenous infusion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) can induce migraine-like headache in people with persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and no pre-existing migraine.

Methods

A non-randomized, single-arm, open-label study at a single site in Denmark. Eligible participants were aged 18 to 65 years and had a known history of persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild TBI for ≥ 12 months. All participants received continuous intravenous infusion of CGRP (1.5 µg/min) over 20 min. A headache diary was used to collect outcome data until 12 h after the start of CGRP infusion. The primary end point was the incidence of migraine-like headache during 12-hour observational period.

Results

A total of 60 participants completed the study protocol and provided data for the analysis of the primary end point. The median age was 32.5 (IQR, 25.5–43.0) years; 43 participants (72%) were female. Following CGRP infusion, 43 (72%) of 60 participants developed migraine-like headache during the 12-hour observational period. The median time to peak headache intensity was 40 min (IQR, 20–60), and the median peak headache intensity was 6 (IQR, 5–8) on the 11-point numeric rating scale.

Conclusion

Intravenous infusion of CGRP is a potent inducer of migraine-like headache in people with persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild TBI. This observation underscores the importance of CGRP in the genesis of migraine-like headache that is often experienced by individuals who are afflicted by persistent post-traumatic headache. Further research is warranted to ascertain whether other signaling molecules also contribute to the disease mechanisms underlying post-traumatic headache.
Genome-wide identification of biotin carboxyl carrier subunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Brassica and their role in stress tolerance in oilseed Brassica napus
Authors: Megha Swati , Wang Zhengping , Kav Nat N. V. , Rahman Habibur
Published: October 2022

Background

Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) is a subunit of Acetyl CoA-carboxylase (ACCase) which catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in a committed step during the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. Lipids, lipid metabolites, lipid-metabolizing and -modifying enzymes are known to play a role in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this regard, an understanding of the Brassica napus BCCP genes will aid in the improvement of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in canola.

Results

In this study, we identified 43 BCCP genes in five Brassica species based on published genome data. Among them, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica nigra, Brassica napus and Brassica juncea had six, seven, seven, 10 and 13 BCCP homologs, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis categorized them into five classes, each with unique conserved domains. The promoter regions of all BCCP genes contained stress-related cis-acting elements as determined by cis-element analysis. We identified four and three duplicated gene pairs (segmental) in B. napus and B. juncea respectively, indicating the role of segmental duplication in the expansion of this gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of orthologous gene pairs between Arabidopsis thaliana and five Brassica species were mostly less than 1.0, implying that purifying selection, i.e., selective removal of deleterious alleles, played a role during the evolution of Brassica genomes. Analysis of 10 BnaBCCP genes using qRT-PCR showed a different pattern of expression because of exposure of the plants to biotic stresses, such as clubroot and sclerotinia diseases, and abiotic stresses such as drought, low temperature and salinity stresses.

Conclusions

The identification and functional analysis of the Brassica BCCPs demonstrated that some of these genes might play important roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Results from this study could lay the foundation for a better understanding of these genes for the improvement of Brassica crops for stress tolerance.
The efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhiza in increasing tolerance of Triticum aestivum L. to alkaline stress
Authors: Farghaly Fatma Aly , Nafady Nivien Allam , Abdel-Wahab Dalia Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Background

Evaluation of native soil microbes is a realistic way to develop bio-agents for ecological restoration. Soil alkalinity, which has a high pH, is one of the most common concerns in dry and semi-arid climates. Alkaline soils face problems due to poor physical properties, which affect plant growth and crop production. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of native mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the wheat plant (Triticum aestivumL.) under two levels of alkalinity stress -T1 (37 mM NaHCO3), T2 (74 mM NaHCO3) - at two developmental stages (the vegetative and productive stages).

Results

Alkalinity stress significantly inhibited the germination percentage, plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and some nutrients (K, N, and P). Mycorrhizal inoculation improved growth parameters and productivity of wheat-stressed plants. However, lipid peroxidation was significantly lowered in mycorrhizal-inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants. Catalase and peroxidase were inhibited in wheat leaves and roots by alkalinity, while mycorrhiza promoted the activity of these enzymes.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrated that alkalinity stress had highly negative effects on some growth parameters of the wheat plant, while AMF inoculation attenuated these detrimental effects of alkalinity stress at two stages by reducing the pH and Na concentration and increasing the availability of P and the productivity of wheat in particular crop yield parameters.
Effect of intravenous lidocaine on the ED50 of propofol for inserting gastroscope without body movement in adult patients: a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Qi Xiu-Ru , Sun Jing-Yi , An Li-Xin , Zhang Ke
Published: October 2022

Background

Circulatory and respiratory depression are common  problems that occur in propofol alone sedation during gastroscopy. As a widely used analgesic adjuvant, intravenous lidocaine can reduce the consumption of propofol during Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or colonoscopy. However, it is still unknown the median effective dose (ED50) of propofol when combined with lidocaine intravenously. This study aimed to compare the ED50 of propofol with or without intravenous lidocaine for inserting gastrointestinal endoscope successfully.

Methods

Fifty nine patients undergoing gastroscopy or gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy were randomly divided into control group (Group C, normal saline + propofol) or lidocaine group (Group L, lidocaine + propofol). Patients were initially injected a bolus of 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine in Group L, whereas equivalent volume of 0.9% saline in Group C. Anaesthesia was then induced with a single bolus of propofol in all subjects. The induction dose of propofol was determined by the modified Dixon’s up-and-down method, and the initial dose was 1.5 mg/kg in both groups. The primary outcome was the ED50 of propofol induction dose with or without intravenous lidocaine. The secondary outcomes were the induction time, the first propofol bolus time (FPBT: from MOAA/S score ≤ 1 to first rescue bolus propofol), and adverse events (AEs: hypoxemia, bradycardia, hypotension, and body movements).

Results

Totally, 59 patients were enrolled and completed this study. The ED50 of propofol combined with lidocaine was 1.68 ± 0.11 mg/kg, significantly reduced compared with the normal saline group, 1.88 ± 0.13 mg/kg (P = 0.002). There was no statistical difference in induction time (P = 0.115) and the FPBT (P = 0.655) between the two groups. There was no significantly difference about the AEs between the two groups.

Conclusion

The ED50 of propofol combined with intravenous lidocaine for successful endoscope insertion in adult patients, was 1.68 ± 0.11 mg/kg significantly reduced compared with the control group.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No: ChiCTR2200059450. Registered on 29 April 2022. Prospective registration. http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Group-level comparison of brain connectivity networks
Authors: Pourmotahari Fatemeh , Doosti Hassan , Borumandnia Nasrin , Tabatabaei Seyyed Mohammad , Alavi Majd Hamid
Published: October 2022

Background

Functional connectivity (FC) studies are often performed to discern different patterns of brain connectivity networks between healthy and patient groups. Since many neuropsychiatric disorders are related to the change in these patterns, accurate modelling of FC data can provide useful information about disease pathologies. However, analysing functional connectivity data faces several challenges, including the correlations of the connectivity edges associated with network topological characteristics, the large number of parameters in the covariance matrix, and taking into account the heterogeneity across subjects.

Methods

This study provides a new statistical approach to compare the FC networks between subgroups that consider the network topological structure of brain regions and subject heterogeneity.

Results

The power based on the heterogeneity structure of identity scaled in a sample size of 25 exhibited values greater than 0.90 without influencing the degree of correlation, heterogeneity, and the number of regions. This index had values above 0.80 in the small sample size and high correlation. In most scenarios, the type I error was close to 0.05. Moreover, the application of this model on real data related to autism was also investigated, which indicated no significant difference in FC networks between healthy and patient individuals.

Conclusions

The results from simulation data indicated that the proposed model has high power and near-nominal type I error rates in most scenarios.
Risk for morbidity and mortality after neurosurgery in older patients with high grade gliomas – a retrospective population based study
Authors: Löfgren David , Valachis Antonios , Olivecrona Magnus
Published: October 2022

Background

Although high grade gliomas largely affect older patients, current evidence on neurosurgical complications is mostly based on studies including younger study populations. We aimed to investigate the risk for postoperative complications after neurosurgery in a population-based cohort of older patients with high grade gliomas, and explore changes over time.

Methods

In this retrospective study we have used data from the Swedish Brain Tumour Registry and included patients in Sweden age 65 years or older, with surgery 1999–2017 for high grade gliomas. We analysed number of surgical procedures per year and which factors contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Results

The study included 1998 surgical interventions from an area representing 60% of the Swedish population. Over time, there was an increase in surgical interventions in relation to the age specific population (p < 0.001).

Postoperative morbidity for 2006–2017 was 24%. Resection and not having a multifocal tumour were associated with higher risk for postoperative morbidity. Postoperative mortality for the same period was 5%. Increased age, biopsy, and poor performance status was associated with higher risk for postoperative mortality.

Conclusions

This study shows an increase in surgical interventions over time, probably representing a more active treatment approach.

The relatively low postoperative morbidity- and mortality-rates suggests that surgery in older patients with suspected high grade gliomas can be a feasible option. However, caution is advised in patients with poor performance status where the possible surgical intervention would be a biopsy only.

Further, this study underlines the need for more standardised methods of reporting neurosurgical complications.