bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Occurrence and cluster analysis of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) fruit type using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography
Authors: ARIFIYANTO DENI , BASYUNI MOHAMMAD , SUMARDI SUMARDI , PUTRI LOLLIE AGUSTINA PANCAWARASWATI , SIREGAR ETTI SARTINA , RISNASARI IWAN , SYAHPUTRA INDRA
Published: September 2020

Arifiyanto D, Basyuni M, Sumardi, Putri LAP, Siregar ES, Risnasari I, Syahputra I. 2017. Short Communication: Occurrence and cluster analysis of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) fruit type using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Biodiversitas 18: 1487- 1492. The problems that have been faced by palm oil breeders are the length of time and high costs to discover the type of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) fruit namely Dura, Pisifera, or Tenera, before using as a seed parent. These conditions are ineffective and add to the cost of maintenance and the production of seedling is more expensive. The present study describes the occurrence and cluster analysis of palm oil fruits using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The leaves and fruit on each fruit mesocarp and shell, commercial seed on each fruit type were sampled through direct determination, plant nurseries, commercial seed and unknown type of palm oil. 2D-TLC chromatograms of hexane extracts showed diversity in palm oil fruits: Dura had ficaprenol-type polyprenol (C50-C60) and no carbon chain-length of polyprenol and dolichols (C85-C100) were found. In Tenera polyprenols of C45-C60 and C90-C100 occurred and dolichols of C85-C105 as well, where polyprenols of C45 and C105 and dolichol of C105 found in Tenera were not detected in Pisifera. To confirm these findings, cluster analysis was drawn using the UPGMA method. The dendrogram demonstrated that the three types of palm oil were grouped to fruit type, suggesting that the occurrence of polyisoprenoids in palm oil fruits were chemotaxonomically significant.
Economic valuation for tembawang ecosystem, in Sanggau District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ROSLINDA EMI , KARTIKAWATI SITI MASITOH , RABUDIN RABUDIN
Published: September 2020

Roslinda E, Kartikawati SM, Rabudin. 2017. Economic valuation for tembawang ecosystem, in Sanggau District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1506-1516. The tembawang ecosystem in West Kalimantan (Indonesia) spreads over especially in Sanggau District region. Tembawang is a system of land used by customary community of Dayak ethnic which is traditionally managed and communally used. The objective of this study is to determine the total economic value (TEV) of the tembawang ecosystem. Survey methods were used in this research. 70 respondents were selected by census method. Total economic values in this research were restricted on direct use value, indirect use value and option value. Based on market price (biomass) and opportunity cost (hydrological role), the economic values were calculated. The results showed that total economic value of Tembawang Ampar was IDR 263,837,082 year-1, which was equivalent to IDR 36,900,291 year-1ha-1. They are IDR 33,545,791 year-1ha-1 from direct use value, IDR 3,072,738 year-1ha-1 from indirect use value, and IDR 281,762 year-1ha-1 from option value. Total economic value of tembawang was rather low. The low of economic value was due to limited benefits assessed in this study. Whereas in fact, there were many benefits from tembawang obtained by the community. Conserving tembawang ecosystem will not be achieved by simply considering the conservation of species in tembawang, but the preservation will need to encompass a wide range of natural resources and the potential services provided by them.
The practice of farming, processing and trading of tobacco by Sukasari people of Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: ISKANDAR JOHAN , ISKANDAR BUDIAWATI S. , AZRIL AZRIL , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: September 2020

Iskandar J, Iskandar BS, Azril, Partasasmita R. 2017. The practice of farming, processing and trading of tobacco by Sukasari people of Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1517-1527. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) is an original crop of Cuba, Latin America, discovered by Christoper Columbus in 1492 and introduced to Europe. Moreover, it was distributed to Asia countries, including Indonesia. Local people of Sukasari village, Sukasari sub-district, Sumedang district, West Java, has cultivated tobacco for a long time, since the Dutch colonial, based on local ecological knowledge transmitted by inter-generations. As a result, local people of Sukasari village have rich knowledge on the tobacco. Nowadays, however, since the agricultural lands as well as tobacco farmers have decreased, the local ecological knowledge of the Sukasari people have eroded. This paper elucidates the local ecological knowledge of Sukasari people, Sumedang District of West Java on landraces, cultivation, process, and local trading of tobacco. The method used in this study was qualitative with descriptive analysis applying the ethnoecological approach. The result of the study showed that the Sukasari people have predominantly cultivated four landraces of the tobacco. The cultivation of tobacco include the selecting of seeds, nursery, preparing land, planting, caring, harvesting and processing of tobacco products, requiring diligent efforts and high skill. Today, the cultivation of tobacco has many constrains, such as climate anomalies, decrease of agricultural lands, and the lack of finance; consequently, the tobacco farmers have less enthusiasm to cultivate the tobacco. As a result of decreaase of tobacco cultivation, the local ecological knowledge of the Sukasari people has eroded and may extinct in the near future.
Identification of Aves, Herpetofauna and Arthropods in Miangas Island (Indonesia), the borderline of Wallacea ecoregion
Authors: SURYAWAN ADY , YULIANTORO ISDOMO , MAYASARI ANITA , CHRISTI MARGARETTA
Published: September 2020

Suryawan A, Yuliantoro I, Mayasari A, Christita M. 2016. Identification of Aves, Herpetofauna and Arthropods in Miangas Island (Indonesia), the borderline of Wallacea ecoregion. Biodiversitas 18: 1528-1537. Miangas Island is located on the northeast of Wallacea and bordered by the Philippines and it belongs to Talaud archipelago. This study aims to identify the species of terrestrial wildlife in Miangas Island. Observations used the direct encounter method starting at 7:00 to 17:00 pm and they were conducted through four times visits in October and December 2015, April and May 2016. Some species were found, such as 15 species of birds, 3 species of lizards, 1 snake and 1 species of Arthropods. Hirundapus caudacutus and Butastur indicus are migrant bird species. Lamprolepis smaragdina is green and classified as tree climber type. It is included to hybrid lizard type of the Pacific and the Philippines. Based on IUCN database, Eos histrio is classified as endangered group (E), Ducula pickeringii as vulnerable (V) Todirhamphus enigma enigma is classified as near threatened group (NT), Birgus latro is classified as Data deficient (DD), while Butastur indicus, Lanius Schach, Nectarinia jugular plateni, Todirhamphus chloris, Hirundo tahitica, Hirundapus caudacutus, Egretta sacra, Ardea alba, Anthus cervinus, Motacilla cinerea, Cuculus saturatus, Passer Montanus, Ducula pickeringii, Eutropis multicarinata multicarinata, Lamprolepis smaragdina, Emoia caeruleocauda and Laticauda laticauda are classified as low risk (LC).
The distribution and variability of chlorophyll-a bloom in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean using Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis
Authors: ISKANDAR ISKHAQ , WULAN SARI QURNIA , SETIABUDIDAYA DEDI , YUSTIAN INDRA , MONGER BRUCE
Published: September 2020

Iskandar I, Sari QW, Setiabudidaya D, Yustian I, Monger B. 2017. The distribution and variability of chlorophyll-a bloom in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean using Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis. Biodiversitas 18: 1546-1555. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events cause anomalously strong upwelling along the sourthen coast of Sumatra-Java leading to the bloom of chlorophylla. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was applied to the time series of the satellite-observed chlorophyll-a, sea surface temperature (SST) and surface winds. Spatial eigen functions of the first EOF mode revealed the broad areas of coherent temporal variation in chlorophyll-a, SST and Ekman pumping, which was observed in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) region. The corresponding time series of principal component of the first EOF mode revealed a robust seasonal variation and relativley weak inter-annual variation. The second EOF mode exhibited a distinct inter-annual variation with the high surface chlorophyll-a concentration was observed along the southern coast of Sumatra-Java. This high chlorophyll-a concentration is co-located with the low SST, the positive Ekman pumping, and the positive wind-induced mixing. An EOF analysis applied on the seasonal time series showed interesting patterns. The leading EOF mode during the peak IOD season from September to November (SON) showed the high concentration of chlorophyll-a was restricted to the southern coast of Java and was co-located with low SST region. The corresponding time series of principal component of the leading EOF mode showed a significant correlation with the Dipole Mode Index (DMI), however it had no correlation with the Ekman pumping. It could be concluded that the chlorophyll-a bloom during the peak phase of the IOD event was generated by the alongshore upwelling-favorable winds in the preceding season.
Indigenous Bacillus spp. ability to growth promoting activities and control bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum)
Authors: YANTI YULMIRA , HABAZAR TRIMURTI , REFLINALDON REFLINALDON , NASUTION CHAINUR RAHMAN , FELIA SRIMANO
Published: September 2020

Yanti Y, Habazar T, Reflinaldon, Nasution CR, Felia S. 2017. Indigenous Bacillus spp. ability to growth promoting activities and control bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum). Biodiversitas 18: 1562-1567. Among the species of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Bacillus spp. has been found to provide beneficial effects to different plant species. Based on our previous research from in planta screeningâ€™s method, we found six indigenous strains of Bacillus spp., which had the ability to control bacterial wilt and increased growth and yields of chili. Those were Bacillus subtilis BSn5,q Bacillus sp. RD-AZPVI-03, Bacillus sp. Y81-1, B.cereus strain C38/15, B.cereus strain APSB-03, and B. subtilis strain CIFT-MFB-4158A. This research aimed to characterize the mechanism of selected Bacillus spp. as biocontrol agents of R. solanacearum and as biofertilizer of chili in vitro. We have observed the biocontrol characters (production of HCN, siderophore, biosurfactant, protease, root colonization, and antibiotic), and biofertilizerâ€™s characters (production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), ammonia and phosphate solubilization) of Bacillus spp. All strains had ability to produce variable concentrations of IAA, B.subtilis strain CIFT-MFB-4158A can produce siderophore, all isolates cannot produce HCN and biosurfactant, 4 isolates can produce protease. Based on the ability to colonize roots, B.subtilis strain CIFT-MFB-4158A had the best ability to colonize root surface (4.17 x 105 CFU/g root), while B. subtilis BSn5 had the best ability to colonize internal roots (2.08 x 105 CFU/g), and 2 Bacillus strains can suppress R. solanacearum in vitro.
The diversity of locally utilized plants and local botanical knowledge in Central Bengkulu District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Authors: WIRYONO WIRYONO , JAPRIYANTO JAPRIYANTO , ERNIWATI ERNIWATI
Published: September 2020

Wiryono, Japriyanto, Erniwati. 2017. The diversity of locally utilized plants and local botanical knowledge in Central Bengkulu District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1589-1595. For thousands of years rural communities have derived from their surrounding plants many products to meet their daily life. Maintaining botanical knowledge is, therefore, essential for the sustainability of rural communities. The objectives of this study were to know the diversity of plants utilized by villagers in Tanjung Terdana Village, Central Bengkulu District, Indonesia, and to describe the botanical knowledge of the villagers. Data were collected through interview with two key informants and 64 respondents. The results showed that 75 of plant species were used by villagers for ten purposes, namely medicine (53 species), firewood (41), food (32), construction (23), ornament (8), handycraft (6), hedge (6), custom (6) forage (3), and food coloring (1). On average, respondents could identify 70% of the 50 plants shown to them, and almost all respondents (98%) could identify plants for food. Older respondents spent more time in garden and knew more plant names and uses than the younger ones. Gender or time spent in electronic entertainment did not affect the botanical knowledge. Respondents unfinishing elementary school knew more plants than those finishing schools, may be because they were older. This study implied that activities in the garden can maintain the local botanical knowledge.
Short communication: Seagrass diversity and carbon sequestration: Case study on Pari Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: HUSODO TEGUH , PALABBI SAHBUDDIN DG. , ABDOELLAH OEKAN S. , NURZAMAN MOHAMAD , FITRIANI NURULLIA , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: September 2020

Husodo T, Palabbi SDG, Abdoellah OS, Nurzaman M, Fitriani N, Partasasmita P. 2017. Seagrass diversity and carbon sequestration: Case study on Pari Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1596-1601. Pari Island is located in Kepulauan Seribu chain. As a tourist destination, the seagrass ecosystem at the island is constantly under pressure from time to time. An effort to prevent widespread damage is to designate parts of the coastline as a limited access research centre. Efforts to study seagrass ecosystem on Pari Island are ongoing, including studies on seagrass' ability to sequestrate carbon. This quantitative study was conducted in December 2014. Surveys are done on the abundance and density of seagrass in 122 plots (area = 50 Ã— 50 cm2) which spread in 6 research stations. Biomass measurements were performed by extractive method on 4 types of seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis and Syringodium isoetifolium). The assessment of seagrass capability in storing carbon has been done by measuring the primary productivity of above ground and below ground, while the amount of carbon released is measured from littered leaves and the leaves eaten by herbivores.The findings show that there are 7 of 12 species of seagrass identified in Indonesia, i.e. Cymodoceae rotundata, Cymodoceae serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halodule uninervis and Halophila ovalis. The dominant species is Thalassia hemprichii (density 200Â±153, 261Â±107 and 117Â±52 stands/m2) and Halodule uninervis (82Â±59 stands/m2).Seagrassâ€™ carbon sequestration capacity in the waters surrounding Pari Island, Jakarta Bay, is approximately 0.006-1.048 gC/m2/day whereas carbon reserves are between 0.24-346.10 gC/m2.
Use of local Hydromacrophytes as phytoremediation agent in pond to improve irrigation water quality evaluated by Diatom Biotic Indices
Authors: RETNANINGDYAH CATUR , ENDANG ARISOESILANINGSIH ENDANG , SAMINO SETIJONO
Published: September 2020

Retnaningdyah C, Arisoesilaningsih E, Samino S. 2017. Use of local Hydromacrophytes as phytoremediation agent in pond to improve irrigation water quality evaluated by Diatom Biotic Indices. Biodiversitas 18: 1596-1602. Irrigation water in Indonesia generally has been polluted because of agricultural, industrial and domestic activity. The aims of this research were to determine the effectiveness of phytoremediation models conducted by planting some local Hydromacrophytes in three phytoremediation ponds through a continuous culture system with water discharge about 0.3 L/seconds for improving the irrigation water quality. The quasiexperimental research was conducted in a phytoremediation pond located in Kepanjen District of Malang, East Java Indonesia. The phytoremediation pond was divided into four interconnected sections. Pond 1 and 2 were planted with some of floating leaf and emergent hydromacrophyte, pond 3 was planted by combinations of same plants added with submerged Hydromacrophytes, while pond 4 was container pond to collecting the water as a result of phytoremediation process. The success of phytoremediation process was known from some physico-chemical parameters of water and some of diatom biotic indices (trophic diatom index/TDI, percentage of pollution tolerant value (%PTV), and Shannon Wiener diversity Index) that was found from artificial substrate been installed in the early treatment. The water quality monitoring performed in each part of the ponds after the plants grew steadily. The results showed that planting of Hydromacrophytes can significantly improve the physico-chemical quality of water. This was reflected in the decline value of conductivity (from 188 Î¼S/cm to 182 Î¼S/cm), turbidity (30 NTU become 8 NTU), total suspended solid (TSS) from 31.3 mg/L to be 5.5 mg/L, nitrates (7.5 mg/L to 3.3 mg/L) and dissolved phosphates (from 0.16 mg./L become 0.04 mg/L) and increasing value of dissolved oxygen (DO) in waters from 2.6 mg/L become 2.9 mg/L. Based on biotic indices there were improvement of the water quality from heavily polluted (diversity index 0.91) become moderately polluted (diversity index 2.07), eutrophic (TDI 52) become mesoeutrophic (TDI 38), and from heavily organic pollution (PTV 93%) to be some organic pollution contribute to eutrophication (PTV 38%). Improvement of water quality was effectively occur after passing through the third pond.
Short Communication: Using RAPD technique to evaluate genetic diversity of longan (Dimocarpus longan) population in Vietnam
Authors: HO VIET THE , NGO QUOC NGUYEN
Published: September 2020

Ho VT, Ngo QNg. 2017. Short Communication: Using RAPD technique to evaluate genetic diversity of longan (Dimocarpus longan) population in Vietnam. Biodiversitas 18: xxxx. Longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) is an important fruit plant in Vietnam where several cultivars and landraces are being cultivated. Presently, the identification of longan cultivars and landraces is mainly based on personal experience relying on morphological traits leading the difficulty of genetic conservation and longan breeding. In this study, genetic richness and relativeness of 36 longan accessions collected from different provinces in Vietnam were evaluated by using 30 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Our results reveal that there is the large variation of genetic background of studied longan accessions with separate groups in the obtained dendrogram. We also identified the combination of different RAPD markers could help to identify 15 longan genotypes. The results from this project could provide valuable information which is necessary for classifying, identifying plant origins, breeding and conserving programs of longan in Vietnam.
Biodiversity of subterranean termites on the Acacia crassicarpa plantation
Authors: HANEDA NOOR FARIKHAH , RETMADHONA ICHMA YELDHA , NANDIKA DODI , ARINANA ARINANA
Published: September 2020

Haneda NF, Retmadhona IY, Nandika D, Arinana. 2017. Biodiversity of subterranean termites on the Acacia crassicarpa plantation. Biodiversitas 18: 1657-1662. The development of industrial plantation forests is one of the efforts to meet the needs of raw material of processing industry of timber forest products. In the last 15 years, the development of industrial plantation forest has grown rapidly. Plant species widely developed is fast-growing plants (fast growing trees) such as Acacia crassicarpa Cunn ex Benth. However, A. crassicarpa has a low resistance against pests, evidenced by the presence of subterranean termites attack occurred in the industrial plantation forest of A. crassicarpa. This aim of the study is to determine the diversity of subterranean termites in plantation forest of A. crassicarpa. Two methods used for data collection: baiting system and survey. Five species of subterranean termites found on sample paths were Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, C. gestroi Wasmann, Schedorhinotermes javanicus Kemner, Longipeditermes longipes Haviland, and Pericapritermes mohri Kemner. These species can be distinguished from the morphology of the mandible. Coptotermes is most commonly found Genus in study plots.
Population structure, distribution pattern and microhabitat characteristics of Aglaonema simplex in Pasatan Protected Forest, Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: LESTARI DEWI , ASIH NI PUTU SRI
Published: September 2020

Lestari D, Asih NPS. 2017. Population structure, distribution pattern and microhabitat characteristics of Aglaonema simplex in Pasatan Protected Forest, Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1663-1668. Aglaonema simplex Blume is one species of Aglaonema that is distributed in Bali, Indonesia. This species can be found in the forests of Jembrana, Karangasem, Tabanan, Buleleng and Bangli. There is no recent data for A. simplexâ€™s population and microhabitat in Bali, while this data is needed to develop future conservation policy. By tracking populations over time, ecologists can see how these populations have changed and may be able to predict how they are likely to change in the future. Monitoring the size and structure of populations can also help ecologists to manage populations. This study was aimed to determine the current condition of A. simplex in the Pasatan forest and to find out the population structure, distribution, and its microhabitat characteristics. The study was conducted along two tracks at Pasatan Forest, Bali on June 9- 11, 2015. Data were collected using the purposive quadrant plot method and analyzed descriptively, tabulated in tables and graphs. The population pattern distribution was as defined by standardized Morisita's index and microhabitat differences in both tracks were determined by the Mann-Whitney test in SPSS 16. The total number of A. simplex was 114 individuals. Thirty-seven percent of plants were juveniles, while 36% were mature plants without fruit and 27% were mature plants with fruit. The population structure along the first track was dominated by a mature population of plants without fruit, while fruiting mature plants dominated the structure of the population along the second track. The distribution of the population along the first track was clustered, while distribution along the second track was uniform. A. simplex was found at an altitude of 367- 448 m asl., oil pH of 6.7-6.8, soil humidity of 73%-84%, air temperature 27Â°-28Â° C, air humidity at 80%-86%, with low light intensity of 170-225 lux.
Impact of climate change on potential distribution of xero-epiphytic selaginellas (Selaginella involvens and S. repanda) in Southeast Asia
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , SUPRIATNA JATNA , DARNAEDI DEDY , ROKHMATULOH ROKHMATULOH , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , NURSAMSI ILYAS , KOMALA WULAN RATNA , PRADAN PRAKASH
Published: September 2020

Setyawan AD, Supriatna J, Darnaedi D, Rokhmatuloh, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Nursamsi I, Komala WR, Pradan P. 2017. Impact of climate change on potential distribution of xero-epiphytic selaginellas (Selaginella involvens and S. repanda) in Southeast Asia. Biodiversitas 18: 1680-1695. Climate change is one of the greatest challenges for all life on earth, as it may become the dominant driver of changes in ecosystem services and biodiversity loss at the global level. Selaginella is a group of spike-mosses that seem easily affected by global warming (climate change) due to requiring water medium for fertilization. However, some species have been adapted to dry condition and may grow as epiphytes, such as S. involvens and S. repanda. Both species are commonly found in opposing a range of elevation. S. involvens is often found in high-altitude regions, whereas S. repanda is often found at lower-altitude regions. The difference in this altitudinal distributions is expected to limit redistribution mechanism of each species to adapt the climate change projections. This study model examines the potential geographic distribution of S. involvens and S. repanda under current climatic conditions and models the impact of projected climate change on their potential distribution. Future climate predictions are made with four detailed bioclimatic scenarios (i.e. RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5) and three-time intervals (2030, 2050, 2080), which combine various climatic factors. In this modeling, it can be concluded that S. involvens and S. repanda can adapt to future climate change, and continue to be sustainable, although it is strongly influenced and shifting habitat distribution in some areas.
Biology and fisheries aspects of Western Longnose Spurdog, Squalus edmundsi from the Eastern Indian Ocean, Indonesia
Authors: FAHMI FAHMI , SENTOSA AGUS ARIFIN
Published: September 2020

Fahmi, Sentosa AR. 2017. Biology and fisheries aspects of Western Longnose Spurdog, Squalus edmundsi from the Eastern Indian Ocean, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1714-1722. A research has been done to determine some biological aspects of Western Longnose Spurdog (Squalus edmundsi) from the Eastern Indian Ocean Fishing Region in Indonesia (WPP 573). A total of 1797 samples were recorded from bottom longline fisheries at Tanjung Luar, Lombok from July 2015 to November 2016 by a trained enumerator. The study revealed that Selat Alas and the south west of Sumbawa waters are the most fished areas in the region for this species, with the peak fishing season may occur from January to March. The average catch rate of S. edmundsi was about 8 individuals per boat. The size of sharks varied from 470 mm to 1150 m total length (TL), with average size was 723.6Â±111.5 mm. Size distributions and sex ratio between females and males were significantly different, indicating a sexual dimorphism. This study revealed a fact that there was no seasonal pattern in the reproductive cycle of S. edmundsi in this region, which means the parturition may occur throughout the year. Analysis on its population status showed that this species was very susceptible to overfishing. This condition should be responded by the government through management actions for its fishery.
Survey of the bacterial diversity at two coastal beaches in Guyana
Authors: LATCHMIE PRASHAD  , Daniel Ruth , MARK RAM
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Prashad L, Daniel R, Ram M. 2020. Survey of the bacterial diversity at two coastal beaches in Guyana. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 18: 1-8. The #63 Beach, Berbice and Marriott Beach, Kingston Seawall, Guyana were surveyed for halophilic bacteria present in its waters. NaCl tolerance, temperature tolerance and antimicrobial activity of isolates against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sp. were tested. Samples of 100 mL were taken from the Shore, 5.0 m, and 10.0 m depth from both locations. The samples were plated and examined for the growth of bacteria of different pigmentation. A total of 4 halophilic isolates were found; 3 from Marriott Beach (Isolates A, B, and G) and 1 (Isolate M) from the #63 Beach. Isolates were of yellow, light orange and pink pigmentation, the 3 isolates from Marriott Beach were, Gram-negative and cocci while the one isolates from #63 Beach were Gram-positive and cocci. The optimum salinity tolerance for the Isolate G from Marriott Beach was 1.5M NaCl, Isolate M from #63 Beach 1.0M NaCl, Isolate B from Marriott Beach 1.0M NaCl and Isolate A from, Marriott Beach 0.5M NaCl. The optimum temperature for the growth of the isolates was 37°C. The isolates had no antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and Bacillus sp.
Evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of red propolis hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions obtained by partition
Authors: Squarisi Iara , Soares De Freitas Karoline , Lemes Danieli Cristina , Vidal Ccana Ccapatinta Gari , Aldana Mejía Jennyfer Andrea , Kenupp Bastos Jairo , Cassio Sola Veneziani Rodrigo , Ricardo Ambrosio Sergio , Crispim Tavares Denise
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Squarisi IS, De Freitas KS, Lemes DC, Ccana-Ccapatinta GV, Mejia JAA, Bastos JK, Veneziani RCS, Ambrosio SR, Tavares DC. 2018. Evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of red propolis hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions obtained by partition. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 18: 66-69. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of red propolis hydroalcoholic extract (RPHE) and its fractions obtained by partition, hexanes (HF), dichloromethane (DF), ethyl acetate (AF) and n-butanol (BF), on tumor and non-tumor cell lines. For this purpose, the XTT colorimetric assay was performed on human lung fibroblasts (GM07492A, non-tumor cell), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), glioblastoma (U343) and cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells. The results showed that RPHE, HF and DF presented not only cytotoxic potential to all tumor cell lines but also to normal cell line, indicating selectivity absence. HF presented the lowest IC50 (half minimal inhibitory concentration; 33.8-133.3 µg/mL), with significant difference from those observed for RPHE (137.0-262.7 µg/mL). BF and AF revealed an IC50 which was higher than 1250 µg/mL in all cell lines. The results showed that red propolis has substances with antiproliferative activity, indicating that its hexanes fraction may have substances with antitumor potential.
Crude extract from a hardcoral-associated bacterium Virgibacillus salarius PHC-44-04 inhibiting growth of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes human pathogen
Authors: Ayuningrum D. , MUCHLISSIN SAKTI IMAM , TRIANTO AGUS , RADJASA OCKY KARNA , SABDONO AGUS
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Ayuningrum D, Muchlissin SI, Trianto A, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A. 2018. Crude extract from a hardcoral-associated bacterium Virgibacillus salarius PHC-44-04 inhibiting growth of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes human pathogen. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 18: 78-83. Hardcoral-associated bacteria are potential sources of natural product compounds with wide range of activities, i.e. antibacterial activity, antiviral, anticancer, antifungal, etc. Virgibacillus salarius PHC-44-04 is a gram-positive bacterium that was isolated in prior research from hard coral Pavona sp. collected from Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia. This bacterium at the screening phase was showing high antibacterial activity against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes (MDR-EA). Therefore, this paper has aim to deliver the result of crude extract antibacterial test from V. salarius PHC-44-04 after being cultivated in liquid medium, to know the efficiency of using supernatant and pellet extract and to determine in which concentration was the minimum for antibacterial activity. The cultivation of bacterial isolates was using liquid medium Nutrient Broth, and the production of crude extract was using liquid-liquid extraction method. The liquid medium containing bacterial cell was separated using centrifuge with 8000 rpm became supernatant and pellet. The supernatant was extracted using ethyl acetate, while the pellet was extracted using methanol. The antibacterial test from both crude extract from supernatant and pellet was using disk diffusion method with several concentration as follows: 15 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, 60 µg/mL, 90 µg/mL, 180 µg/mL, 250 µg/mL, 350 µg/mL, and 500 µg/mL. Each concentration was repeated in three replicates. The crude extract produced from 700 mL supernatant was 0.0667 g and from 50mL pellet was 0.0320. The pellet crude extract has higher mass but not having antibacterial activity against MDR-EA. The result showed only supernatant crude extract of V. salarius showed antibacterial activity against MDR-EA bacterium. The minimal crude extract concentration to inhibit the growth of MDR-EA was 60 µg/mL, meanwhile, the best concentration for exhibiting antibacterial activity was at 500 µg/mL with zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameter of 11.77 ± 0.8730 mm. Thus, supernatant should be the main source of crude extract production rather than the pellet to get high antibacterial activity.
Extended aperture sample reception method for high-order orbital angular momentum vortex beam mode number measurement
Authors: Feng Qiang , Lin Yifeng , Li Long
Published: September 2020

The traditional phase gradient method can effectively measure the orbital angular momentum (OAM) number of the vortex beam. However, its spatial sampling phase aperture span is strictly restricted within only π radian. In this paper, we presented a more flexible extended aperture sampling reception (EASR) method for the radio frequency (RF) applications, which can break through this restriction condition. It could make the reception and measurement methods about the OAM mode number become more complete and versatile. By converting the higher-order OAM mode to a lower-order OAM mode, the spatial phase aperture span between the adjacent receiving sampling points can realize extensions. We have conducted a comprehensive theoretical analysis and summarized the general guidelines of this EASR method in the main body of the paper. Subsequently, we perform the related numerical simulation calculations to receive and measure the OAM mode number of a high-order mode vortex beam using the EASR method. Simulation results and theoretical analysis are in good agreement.
Prefrontal inter-hemispheric resting-state functional connectivity measured with diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Weiting , Xiong Luo , Zhang Tingzhen , Wu Xiaoyin , Li Jun
Published: September 2020

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) was used to investigate the inter-hemispheric resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). The spontaneous activity was recorded for 10 minutes from the prefrontal cortex on 21 healthy subjects (23.7 ± 1.2 years old). From the temporal intensity autocorrelation function g2(τ), the relative cerebral blood flow (CBF) could be extracted, while from the light intensity the relative cerebral blood volume (CBV) could be obtained. The CBF- and CBV-RSFC were then evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two hemispheres. The results demonstrated the CBF- and CBV-RSFC between the two hemispheres. The group average was 0.60 ± 0.12 and 0.71 ± 0.09 for CBF- and CBV-RSFC, respectively. In addition, a moderate correlation between the temporal fluctuation of CBF and CBV was also observed, implying the two hemodynamic variables could provide different information in resting-state. Using DCS to simultaneously measure CBF- and CBV- RSFC might be helpful for better understanding of functional networks in the brain.
KISS: Jewishness, hard rock and the Holocaust
Authors: Stratton Jon
Published: September 2020

KISS was a hard rock group, one of the most successful during the second half of the 1970s and early 1980s. The group’s two founding members, Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley, were both Jewish. Indeed, both were the sons of Holocaust survivors. This article examines the impact of Simmons’s and Stanley’s Jewishness on KISS as a rock group and on its success. One of the most obvious impacts was the drive to succeed which Simmons and Stanley shared. Simmons writes about wanting power, Stanley that he wanted respect. As children of survivors they wanted safety. During much of the 1970s, the Holocaust was not yet publicly acknowledged. However, its trauma is evident in, for example, the stage characters that Simmons and Stanley adopted. First, and most obviously, the disguise which hid their Jewishness but, at the same time, Simmons’s creation of the Demon and Stanley’s Starchild both in different ways acting out their inherited Holocaust trauma. This article addresses the many ways that Simmons’s and Stanley’s Jewishness, as filtered through the inherited trauma of the Holocaust, impacted on the image and music of KISS.
Affirmation and denial: Extreme right black metal and the Holocaust
Authors: Langebach Martin , Schulze Christoph
Published: September 2020

The article examines how the Holocaust is addressed in the extreme right wing sections of the larger black metal culture. Drawing from an extensive pool of primary sources the authors analyse how the Holocaust features in song lyrics, album artworks and interviews with artists. They argue that references to the Holocaust in extreme right wing black metal follow the logic of the culture’s aesthetics, which regularly employ symbols of fantastic or factual atrocities in order to express statements of misanthrophy, hatred and male strength. At the same time, the references are non-metaphorical and in that sense political. The artists often do not attempt to minimize the magnitude of the Holocaust but they celebrate the event exactly for the brutality it represents. In other instances, the idea of Holocaust is approved while its factuality is denied. Historic denialism and affirmation of the Holocaust can go hand in hand. While crass antisemitic statements can be found in other extreme right wing cultural realms, extreme right black metal might be the cultural sphere in the contemporary western world that articulates the harshest type of antisemitism.
Engaging with absence: Why is the Holocaust a ‘problem’ for metal?
Authors: Kahn-Harris Keith
Published: September 2020

While genocide, killing and transgressive acts of violence are common themes in metal, there is a relative absence of metal lyrics and other ways of engaging with the Nazi Holocaust of the Jews as a theme. This stands in contrast to premodern genocides that are often the subject of fascination. Even when the Holocaust is apparently ‘celebrated’ by neo-Nazi metal acts, some of the specificities of the genocide, together with its applicability to Jews today, may be elided and effaced. When the Holocaust is engaged with in non-neo-Nazi metal lyrics, it is usually with great care and the victims themselves are rarely mentioned. The Holocaust constitutes a ‘problem’ in metal that makes silence and absence a preferable option to engagement. The reasons for this lie in part in metal’s self-conscious avoidance of ‘politics’, the lack of salience of Jews and antisemitism, and the excessive nature of the Holocaust itself.
Heavy: How Metal Changes the Way We See the World, Dan Franklin (2020)
Authors: Burke David
Published: September 2020

Review of: Heavy: How Metal Changes the Way We See the World, Dan Franklin (2020)

United Kingdom: Constable Books, 292 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-47213-105-8, h/bk, £20
Novel probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from indigenous fermented foods from West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Harnentis Harnentis , Marlida Yetti , Nur Yuliaty Shafan , Wizna Wizna , Santi Melia Afnida , Septiani Nadia , Adzitey Frederick , Huda Nurul
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: Probiotics play an important role in maintaining a healthy gut and consequently promote good health. This study aimed to find novel probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from indigenous fermented foods of West Sumatera, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: This study utilized 10 LAB previously isolated from fermented buffalo milk (dadih), fermented fish (budu), and fermented cassava (tape) which have the ability to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid. The study commenced with the screening of LAB for certain properties, such as resistance to acid and bile salts, adhesion to mucosal surface, and antagonism against enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus). The promising isolates were identified through biochemical and gram staining methods.

Results: All isolates in this study were potential novel probiotics. They survived at a pH level of 2.5 for 3 h (55.27-98.18%) and 6 h (50.98-84.91%). Survival in bile at a concentration of 0.3% was 39.90-58.61% and the survival rate was 28.38- 52.11% at a concentration of 0.5%. The inhibitory diameter ranged from 8.75 to 11.54 mm for E. coli, 7.02 to 13.42 mm for S. aureus, and 12.49 to 19.00 mm for S. Enteritidis. All the isolates (84.5-92%) exhibited the ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces. This study revealed that all the isolates were potential probiotics but N16 proved to be superior because it was viable at a pH level of 2 (84.91%) and it had a good survival rate in bile salts assay (55.07%). This isolate was identified as Lactobacillus spp., Gram-positive bacilli bacteria, and tested negative in both the catalase and oxidase tests.

Conclusion: All the isolates in this study may be used as probiotics, with isolate N16 (Lactobacillus spp.) as the most promising novel probiotic for poultry applications based on its ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Kemitraan Bidan dan Dukun Ditinjau Dari Aspek Input, Proses dan Output di Wilayah Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Fakfak Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Fretes Elzina De , Warsono Hardi , Sriatmi Ayun
Published: September 2020

Number of midwives in Fakfak District in 2012 was 108 persons. Number of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) was 191 persons consisted of 79 (41%) trained TBAs and 112 (59%) untrained TBAs. The TBAs had an important role in delivery process because number of them was higher than number of midwives. Therefore, coverage of delivery process helped by health workers had not achieved the target. This research aimed to analyze the implementation of the partnership program between midwives and TBAs viewed from the aspects of input, process, and output at Fakfak District Health Office. This was qualitative research with descriptive-explorative approach by conducting indepth interview. Subjects were midwives and TBAs who had been partnering. Data were analysed using a content analysis. The input aspect showed that: 1) Implementers, midwives and TBAs only knew partnership in helping delivery; 2) Specific allocation funds for the program was not available. The funds was from Operational Support for Health but it was still not sufficient; 3) Specific means for the program was not available. The current means is from health center and village polyclinic but it is still limited. Furthermore, the process aspect revealed that: 1) Program planning, midwives and TBAs collected data of pregnant women, maternal, postpartum women, and number of TBAs; 2) The implementation was not good because midwives were not available when needed by TBAs and there was difficult to access. Socialization for cross-program (community leaders and religious leaders) and internship for TBAs had not been done yet due to insufficient fund; 3) Recording and reporting especially about partnership activities had not been done yet and only used a form on a Maternal and Child Health report. Regarding the output aspect, as many as 195 (89%) from 219 TBAs had not been partnered. Coverage of K1, K4, and delivery process helped by health workers from 2011 to 2012 decreased gradually. As a suggestion, District Health Office and Health Center need to maintain partnership by recruiting midwives, providing means, allocating fund, socializing to community leaders, and funding TBAs’ daughter or grandchild to study midwifery.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Stabilisasi Bayi Asfiksia Oleh Bidan di Puskesmas Kota Parepare
Authors: M Harima , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Fatimah Siti
Published: September 2020

Infant mortalities in Parepare City in South Sulawesi in 2014 were mostly caused by asphyxia (31%). The places of these mortalities with asphyxia occurred among infants aged less than or equal to 48 hours after birth were at health centres (46%) and at referral units (54%). This problem was due to unoptimal stabilisation program for asphyxia babies. The aim of this study was to analyse the implementation of the stabilisation program of asphyxia babies by midwives at health centres in Parepare City. This was a qualitative study. Main informants consisted of implementer midwives at health centres who had followed training of asphyxia management (10 persons). Informants for triangulation purpose consisted of coordinator midwives, heads of health centres, head of maternal and child health sections at Parepare City Health Office (CHO), and asphyxia babies’ families. Three health centres with the highest asphyxia baby mortality rate in Parepare City were selected. Data were collected by conducting indepth interview and analysed using a method of content analysis. The results of this research showed that the stabilisation program of asphyxia baby by midwives had not implemented two of six components namely components of blood sugar stabilisation and laboratory analysis. These condictions were due to communication aspects like lack of clarity and lack of information consistency about the program. Meanwhile, viewed from the aspect of disposition/attitude, there were lack of midwives’ commitments in implementing the program, lack of trained health officers, no specific budget, lack of facilities, and no mechanism of reporting and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for implementing the program. Parepare CHO needs to provide training for implementer midwives about stabilisation of asphyxia baby, to increase socialisation of the program to implementer midwives, and to arrange SOP and a report form.
Analisis Pengelolaan Obat Pasien BPJS Di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Panti Wilasa Citarum Semarang
Authors: Mendrofa Devina Eirene , Suryawati Chriswardani
Published: September 2020

Bertambah banyaknya pasien BPJS menyebabkan rumah sakit harus mengatur efisiensi pengeluaran untuk pasien BPJS agar keuangan rumah sakit dapat berjalan dengan baik. Pengelolaan obat BPJS di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Panti Wilasa Citarum mengalami kendala sehingga perlu dianalisa penyebab permasalahan pengelolaan obat BPJS dan bagaimana kebijakan rumah sakit dalam mengatasi permasalahan pengelolaan obat pasein sehingga penggeluaran biaya pasien BPJS tidak membengkak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian 1 direksi, 1 kepala instalasi farmasi, 1 petugas gudang, 1 tim verifikator, dan 4 orang petugas farmasi. Variabel penelitian ini adalah perencanaan obat, pengadaan obat, pendistribusian obat, pengendalian obat dan kebijakan rumah sakit. Analisis data yang digunakan content analysis yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, menyajikan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perencanaan obat sesuai dengan formularium rumah sakit dan fornas, perencanaan dan pengadaan berdasarkan ROP, dalam instalasi farmasi tidak membuat RPO (Rencana Pengadaan Obat), dan tidak melakukan pengelolaan persediaan dengan cara VEN-ABC. Obat BPJS memiliki lead time lebih lama dibanding obat reguler, sehingga perhitungan ROP obat BPJS dan reguler harus terpisah. Kepatuhan dokter menulis resep sesuai fornas BPJS belum 100%. Pemberian obat BPJS di rumah sakit panti wilasa citarum sesuai fornas. Direksi menentukan pemberian obat diluar fornas yang diresepkan dokter dengan mempertimbangkan apakah pasien memang membutuhkan obat tersebut dan adanya alternatif obat pengganti lain yang masuk BPJS, dan dengan melihat harga obat.Rumah sakit mengatasi perbedaan harga obat adalah dengan penghematan di bagian lain yaitu dengan mengefisienkan pengobatan, BHP, pemakaian alkes yang lebih murah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan beberapa saran yaitu bagi rumah sakit agar membuat RKO, melakukan perhitungan analisa VEN-ABC, membuat sistem ROP baru untuk obat BPJS, dan membuat pedoman ketetapan untuk pemberian obat pasien BPJS yang diluar fornas.