bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Characteristics Associated With the Need for Long-Term Treatment in a Child Psychiatry Hospital After the Earthquake in Mexico City
Authors: Ulloa Rosa-Elena , Sarmiento Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study is to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the need for long-term treatment in a child psychiatry facility.

Method:

Demographic characteristics, diagnosis, source of referral, time elapsed between the earthquake and the request for care, and the treatment prescribed in the baseline assessment were compared between a group of subjects that required long-term treatment (LTT) and a group that was discharged after a brief intervention (D).

Results:

A total of 171 patients were seen, and 27% of the subjects required LTT. In general, these subjects were younger, referred from highly affected areas, presented a delay in seeking care, and were mainly diagnosed with anxiety and stress-related disorders.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest the need for research regarding the design of mental health programs for the early detection of psychopathology after natural disasters in children and adolescents.
A comparative study of the cooling-rate effect on rock strength reduction after microwave irradiation
Authors: Rafezi Hamed , Deyab Samir M. , Hassani Ferri , Ghoreishi-Madiseh Seyed Ali
Published: September 2020

A variety of machines are currently being used for mechanical excavation in mining and civil industries. A series of research works have been conducted at McGill University in the past decade to study the effects of microwave (MW) irradiation on rock mechanical properties. The idea is to enhance the excavation performance by improving the rate of penetration and decreasing the wear rate on the cutting tools. These two effects would eventually translate into economic benefits for mine operators. The effectiveness of MW on weakening rocks is proven, however the most efficient method to employ MW in mines is still under investigation. This article presents some experimental results on the effects of cooling- rate on rock strength. Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) of microwave treated samples were compared in natural air-cooled and water rapid-cooled conditions.
Reaching Across the Divide (RAD): Aboriginal Elders and Academics working together to improve student and staff cultural capability outcomes
Authors: Hansen Louise , Hansen Percy , Corbett Joanna , Hendrick Antonia , Marchant Trudi
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article, written by Aboriginal Nyoongar Elders, Louise and Percy Hansen and Joanna Corbett in collaboration with two Wadjella (white) academics, details the design and delivery of The Reaching Across the Divide: Aboriginal Elders and Academics working together project (RAD) which aimed to develop student cultural capabilities. It is encouraging that many Australian universities aim at embedding Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing yet there remains little information on how to do this. RAD, guided by a Nyoongar framework for engagement, the Minditj Kaart-Moorditj Kaart Framework, provides one example. RAD developed student and staff capabilities, through building trusting, committed relationships, and promoting systems change. The results highlight how co-creating to embed Indigenous pedagogy through yarning and oral storying (Hansen & Corbett, 2017; Hansen, 2017) produces transformative learning outcomes which also meet key national, local and professional directives.
Marxist Theories of Law Past and Present: A Meditation Occasioned by the 25th Anniversary ofLaw, Labor, and Ideology
Authors: Holdren Nate , Tucker Eric
Published: September 2020

Capitalist society seems particularly disorderly of late, a disorder contributing to the beginnings of what we hope will be a renewal of Marxist legal scholarship. This essay reviews some key developments in Marxist analysis of law from the 1970s to the present. Over all, our essay traces a back and forth between Marxists’ emphasis on theoretical inquiry on the one hand and empirical and historical work inquiry on the other. We argue that Christopher Tomlins’s 1993 book,Law, Labor, and Ideology in the Early American Republic, remains salient for thinking about ways to combine Marxist theoretic and historical work to understand the role of law in capitalist social formations and that Nancy Fraser and Rahel Jaeggi’s recent bookCapitalism: A Conversation in Critical Theoryoffers complementary resources for a renewal in Marxist legal thought. We conclude that further development of Marxist legal thought will require a mix of both empirical and theoretical innovations, and we identify political questions that Marxists will need to address.
Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)
Authors: Liu Angela , Pirozzi Igor , Codabaccus Basseer M. , Stephens Frances , Francis David S. , Sammut Jesmond , Booth Mark A.
Published: September 2020

Choline plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism for fish, and its deficiency in aquafeed has been linked to compromised health and growth performance. A 56-d experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary choline on lipid composition, histology and plasma biochemistry of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK; 156 g initial body weight). The dietary choline content ranged from 0·59 to 6·22 g/kg diet. 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) (3 g/kg) was added to diets, except for a control diet, to limit de novo choline synthesis. The results showed that the liver lipid content of YTK was similar among diets containing AMP and dominated by NEFA. In contrast, fish fed the control diet had significantly elevated liver TAG. Generally, the SFA, MUFA and PUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed diets containing AMP was not influenced by choline content. The SFA and MUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed the control diet was similar to other diets except for a decrease in PUFA. The linear relationship between lipid digestibility and plasma cholesterol was significant, otherwise most parameters were unaffected. When AMP is present, higher dietary choline reduced the severity of some hepatic lesions. The present study demonstrated that choline deficiency affects some plasma and liver histology parameters in juvenile YTK which might be useful fish health indicators. Importantly, the present study elucidated potential reasons for lower growth in choline-deficient YTK and increased the knowledge on choline metabolism in the fish.
Assessment of the World Food Programme summer camps in Lebanon: a model of effective interventions for vulnerable adolescents
Authors: El-Jor Claire , Rahi Berna , El Khoury Malhame Myriam , Mattar Lama , Moussa Soha , Zeeni Nadine
Published: September 2020

The World Food Programme (WFP) offers yearly health and nutrition summer camps hosting vulnerable Syrian and Lebanese children and aiming at improving physical, mental and social well-being while contributing to better social cohesion. The present study aimed to assess the 2019 WFP summer camps’ effectiveness in reaching the intended outcomes and to provide recommendations for improvement. A multi-method approach using (1) quantitative student pre-/post-surveys (n443), (2) focus group discussions and (3) key informant interviews and surveys (n42) was adopted. Mean test results showed improvements in nutrition (4·79 (sd1·9)v. 5·34 (sd2·7);t(269) = 4·51,P= 0·000) and life skills knowledge (4·97 (sd1·9)v. 5·55 (sd2);t(294) = 4·52,P= 0·000) but no improvement in health knowledge and social cohesion scores. Qualitative data revealed positive changes in social cohesion and an increase in health knowledge. In addition, there was a positive attitude towards the summer camps from students, instructors and administrators specifically regarding the integrated content, snacks and atmosphere of fun and learning. The main weaknesses identified were the short time to prepare for the camps, shortage in instructor training and short camp duration. There were also points of debate regarding sexual and reproductive health-related topics and how they should be delivered. All in all, the camps were shown to be a commendable initiative for incorporating an integrated and holistic approach in the support of education and development among vulnerable children and adolescents.
Inferring Intentions from Consequences: How Moral Judgments Shape Citizen Perceptions of Wartime Conduct
Authors: Chu Jonathan A. , Holmes Marcus , Traven David
Published: September 2020

How people interpret the intentions of others is fundamental to politics. This article examines intention understanding in the domain of how citizens evaluate wartime conduct. Drawing on recent work in moral psychology, it argues that people are more likely to attribute intentionality to wartime actions that produce morally bad consequences than otherwise identical actions that produce morally good consequences. We test this theory with two vignette-based survey experiments. Our results show that this hypothesis holds in a variety of contexts relating to civilian casualties and the destruction of heritage sites during war. By unlocking the moral psychology of intention understanding, this article contributes to the field of political psychology in general, and more specifically to theoretical debates in International Relations (IR) about public opinion on just war doctrine.
Tidal Effects on the Surface Water Cooling Northeast of Hainan Island, South China Sea
Authors: Li Yineng , Curchitser Enrique N. , Wang Jia , Peng Shiqiu
Published: September 2020

Using a 3‐D high‐resolution ocean model, this paper explores the mechanisms that cause surface and subsurface water cooling northeast of Hainan Island during summer. Results show that two cooling centers in the regions east of Wenchang city and east of the Qiongzhou Strait occur when tides are included in the model. The cooling is primarily caused by large‐scale changes in the circulation in the northwestern South China Sea (SCS) through anomalous horizontal pressure gradients caused by inhomogeneous tidal mixing between the near‐shore and off‐shore regions. East of Wenchang city, the offshore tidal currents induce upwelling that brings the near‐bottom cold water to the subsurface. For the region east of the Qiongzhou Strait, the tidally induced westward anomalous currents suppress the warm water transport from Qiongzhou Strait, resulting in a compensating intrusion of cold water from surrounding regions. In addition to the large‐scale circulation changes, the local tidal mixing also contributes to the subsurface water cooling east of the Qiongzhou Strait by mixing near‐bottom cold water with subsurface waters. Interannually, the cooling weakens or intensifies during different (cold or warm) phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. This is attributed to variability in surface forcings and large‐scale circulation associated with different phases of ENSO leading to changes in stratification, which changes the tidally induced horizontal pressure gradient in the northwestern SCS.
Hesse Receives 2019 Space Weather and Nonlinear Waves and Processes Prize
Authors:   AGU
Published: September 2020

Michael Hesse received the 2019 Space Weather and Nonlinear Waves and Processes Prize at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2019, held 9–13 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award “recognizes cutting-edge work in the fields of space weather and nonlinear waves and processes from midcareer and senior scientists.”
The Impenetrable Barrier: Suppression of Chorus Wave Growth by VLF Transmitters
Authors: Foster John C. , Erickson Philip J. , Omura Yoshiharu , Baker Daniel N.
Published: September 2020

Rapid radiation belt recovery following storm time depletion involves local acceleration of multi‐MeV electrons in nonlinear interactions with VLF chorus waves. Previous studies of an apparent impenetrable barrier at L ~ 2.8 focused on diffusion and precipitation loss mechanisms for an explanation of the sharp reduction of multi‐MeV electron fluxes earthward of L ~ 3. Van Allen Probes observations for cases when the plasmasphere is contracted earthward of L ~ 3 indicate that strong coherent signals from VLF transmitters can play significant roles in the suppression of nonlinear chorus wave growth earthward of L ~ 3. As a result, local nonlinear acceleration of hundreds of keV electrons to MeV energies does not occur in this region. During the recovery of the outer radiation belt when the plasmasphere is significantly contracted, the suppression of chorus wave growth and local acceleration by the action of the transmitter waves at the outer edge of the VLF bubble contributes to the sharp inner edge of the new MeV electron population and the formation of the impenetrable barrier at L ~ 2.8.
Enormous Lithium Isotopic Variations of Abyssal Peridotites Reveal Fast Cooling and Melt/Fluid‐Rock Interactions
Authors: Liu Ping‐Ping , Liang Ju , Dick Henry J. B. , Li Xian‐Hua , Chen Qiong , Zuo Hao‐Yue , Wu Jia‐Cheng
Published: September 2020

Fast diffusing Li isotopes provide important insights into the “recent” transient events or processes for both modern and ancient times, but questions remain concerning the large Li isotopic variations of mantle peridotites, which greatly hampers their usage as a geochemical tracer. This study investigates in situ Li content and isotopic profiles of the constituent minerals of abyssal peridotites from the Gakkel Ridge and Southwest Indian Ridge. The complicated and large variations of Li isotopic profiles in Clinopyroxene (Cpx) and Orthopyroxene (Opx) indicate Li isotopic disequilibrium at millimeter scale. The negative correlations of a wide range of Li contents (0.5 to 6.5 ppm) and δ7Li values (−10 to +20‰) of olivine, Opx and Cpx grains/relicts, trace element zoning of Cpx, the occurrence of plagioclase, olivine serpentinization along cracks, together with numerical modeling demonstrate the observed Li characteristics to be a manifestation of high‐temperature mineral‐melt Li diffusion during melt impregnation overprinted by low‐temperature mineral‐fluid Li diffusion during dissolution and serpentinization. The preservation of the Li isotopic diffusion profiles requires rapid cooling of 0.3–5°C/year after final‐stage melt impregnation at the Moho boundary, which is consistent with the low temperature at very slow spreadin g ridges caused by conductive cooling. Compared with the well‐studied melt‐rock interaction process, our study indicates that low‐temperature fluid‐rock interaction can induce Li diffusion even in the visibly unaltered mineral relicts of partially altered rocks.
Response of Tropical Cyclone Formation and Intensification Rates to Climate Warming in Idealized Simulations
Authors: Ramsay Hamish A. , Singh Martin S. , Chavas Daniel R.
Published: September 2020

There is currently no theory for the rate of tropical cyclone (TC) formation given a particular climate, so our understanding of the relationship between TC frequency and large‐scale environmental factors is largely empirical. Here, we explore the sensitivity of TC formation and intensification rates to climate warming in a series of highly idealized cloud‐permitting simulations, in which TCs form spontaneously from a base state of rest on an f‐plane. The simulations reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between the time taken for a TC precursor disturbance (a “seed”) to form and the prescribed sea surface temperature (SST), with moderately long seed emergence times at both ends of the SST range tested (292 and 304 K) and a shorter seed emergence time at the middle value of SST (298 K). Genesis potential indices (GPIs) exhibit a different response to warming: either a monotonic increase if the potential intensity and midtropospheric relative humidity are used or relatively little sensitivity if the saturation deficit is used as the humidity variable. The sensitivity of elapsed time between a TC seed disturbance and TC genesis to surface warming is, however, generally well captured by GPIs, especially those that depend on the saturation deficit. The maximum intensification rate of TCs increases strongly with warming, particularly during the second half of the intensification process. Notably, storms intensify much more rapidly with increasing temperature than is predicted by extant theory based on potential intensity, suggesting that TCs in a warmer climate may intensify even more rapidly than recent studies suggest.
Prefrontal activation in suicide attempters during decision making with emotional feedback
Authors: Alacreu-Crespo Adrián , Olié Emilie , Le Bars Emmanuelle , Cyprien Fabienne , Deverdun Jérémy , Courtet Philippe
Published: September 2020

Emotional feedback, such as faces showing emotions, can influence decision making. Decision making and emotional face processing, mainly mediated by the prefrontal and cingulate cortices, are impaired in suicide attempters. Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to study prefrontal activation in suicide attempters during a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) that included emotional face feedback. We randomly distributed the 116 euthymic women (n = 45 suicide attempters, n = 41 affective controls with history of depression without suicide attempt, and n = 30 healthy controls) included in the study in three emotional IGT groups: concordant (safe and risky choices followed by happy and angry faces, respectively), discordant (safe and risky choices followed by angry and happy faces, respectively), and neutral condition (safe and risky choices followed by neutral faces). Considering the two IGT phases (ambiguous and risky), we then analyzed five regions of interest during the risky vs. safe choices: orbitofrontal (OFC), anterior cingulate (ACC), ventrolateral (VLPFC), medial (MPFC) and dorsal prefrontal (DPFC) cortices. We found: (1) impaired decision making and increased DPFC and OFC activation in suicide attempters vs. controls in the discordant condition during the risky phase; (2) reduced VLPFC activation in suicide attempters in the concordant condition during the ambiguous phase; and (3) decreased OFC, ACC and DPFC activation in both control groups in the concordant condition during the ambiguous phase. Suicide attempters showed prefrontal alterations during reward-learning decision making with emotional feedback. Suicide attempters may guide their decisions to avoid social negative feedback despite the expected outcome.
NLRP3 inflammasome in endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Bai Baochen , Yang Yanyan , Wang Qi , Li Min , Tian Chao , Liu Yan , Aung Lynn Htet Htet , Li Pei-feng , Yu Tao , Chu Xian-ming
Published: September 2020

Inflammasomes are a class of cytosolic protein complexes. They act as cytosolic innate immune signal receptors to sense pathogens and initiate inflammatory responses under physiological and pathological conditions. The NLR-family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most characteristic multimeric protein complex. Its activation triggers the cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18, which are mediated by caspase-1, and secretes mature forms of these mediators from cells to promote the further inflammatory process and oxidative stress. Simultaneously, cells undergo pro-inflammatory programmed cell death, termed pyroptosis. The danger signals for activating NLRP3 inflammasome are very extensive, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act as an intermediate trigger to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, exacerbating subsequent inflammatory cascades and cell damage. Vascular endothelium at the site of inflammation is actively involved in the regulation of inflammation progression with important implications for cardiovascular homeostasis as a dynamically adaptable interface. Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark and predictor for cardiovascular ailments or adverse cardiovascular events, such as coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. The loss of proper endothelial function may lead to tissue swelling, chronic inflammation, and the formation of thrombi. As such, elimination of endothelial cell inflammation or activation is of clinical relevance. In this review, we provided a comprehensive perspective on the pivotal role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aggravating oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and the possible underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlighted the contribution of noncoding RNAs to NLRP3 inflammasome activation-associated endothelial dysfunction, and outlined potential clinical drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome involved in endothelial dysfunction. Collectively, this summary provides recent developments and perspectives on how NLRP3 inflammasome interferes with endothelial dysfunction and the potential research value of NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential mediator of endothelial dysfunction.
An epigenetic, transgenerational model of increased mental health disorders in children, adolescents and young adults
Authors: Monaco Anthony P.
Published: September 2020

Prevalence rates of mental health disorders in children and adolescents have increased two to threefold from the 1990s to 2016. Some increase in prevalence may stem from changing environmental conditions in the current generation which interact with genes and inherited genetic variants. Current measured genetic variant effects do not explain fully the familial clustering and high heritability estimates in the population. Another model considers environmental conditions shifting in the previous generation, which altered brain circuits epigenetically and were transmitted to offspring via non-DNA-based mechanisms (intergenerational and transgenerational effects). Parental substance use, poor diet and obesity are environmental factors with known epigenetic intergenerational and transgenerational effects, that regulate set points in brain pathways integrating sensory-motor, reward and feeding behaviors. Using summary statistics for eleven neuropsychiatric and three metabolic disorders from 128,989 families, an epigenetic effect explains more of the estimated heritability when a portion of parental environmental effects are transmitted to offspring alongside additive genetic variance.
Retrieving functional pathways of biomolecules from single-particle snapshots
Authors: Dashti Ali , Mashayekhi Ghoncheh , Shekhar Mrinal , Ben Hail Danya , Salah Salah , Schwander Peter , des Georges Amedee , Singharoy Abhishek , Frank Joachim , Ourmazd Abbas
Published: September 2020

A primary reason for the intense interest in structural biology is the fact that knowledge of structure can elucidate macromolecular functions in living organisms. Sustained effort has resulted in an impressive arsenal of tools for determining the static structures. But under physiological conditions, macromolecules undergo continuous conformational changes, a subset of which are functionally important. Techniques for capturing the continuous conformational changes underlying function are essential for further progress. Here, we present chemically-detailed conformational movies of biological function, extracted data-analytically from experimental single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) snapshots of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1), a calcium-activated calcium channel engaged in the binding of ligands. The functional motions differ substantially from those inferred from static structures in the nature of conformationally active structural domains, the sequence and extent of conformational motions, and the way allosteric signals are transduced within and between domains. Our approach highlights the importance of combining experiment, advanced data analysis, and molecular simulations.
Event-related functional MRI of awake behaving pigeons at 7T
Authors: Behroozi Mehdi , Helluy Xavier , Ströckens Felix , Gao Meng , Pusch Roland , Tabrik Sepideh , Tegenthoff Martin , Otto Tobias , Axmacher Nikolai , Kumsta Robert , Moser Dirk , Genc Erhan , Güntürkün Onur
Published: September 2020

Animal-fMRI is a powerful method to understand neural mechanisms of cognition, but it remains a major challenge to scan actively participating small animals under low-stress conditions. Here, we present an event-related functional MRI platform in awake pigeons using single-shot RARE fMRI to investigate the neural fundaments for visually-guided decision making. We established a head-fixated Go/NoGo paradigm, which the animals quickly learned under low-stress conditions. The animals were motivated by water reward and behavior was assessed by logging mandibulations during the fMRI experiment with close to zero motion artifacts over hundreds of repeats. To achieve optimal results, we characterized the species-specific hemodynamic response function. As a proof-of-principle, we run a color discrimination task and discovered differential neural networks for Go-, NoGo-, and response execution-phases. Our findings open the door to visualize the neural fundaments of perceptual and cognitive functions in birds—a vertebrate class of which some clades are cognitively on par with primates.
Ultrasensitive and visual detection of SARS-CoV-2 using all-in-one dual CRISPR-Cas12a assay
Authors: Ding Xiong , Yin Kun , Li Ziyue , Lalla Rajesh V. , Ballesteros Enrique , Sfeir Maroun M. , Liu Changchun
Published: September 2020

The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 disease spreads rapidly in the world. Rapid and early detection of SARS-CoV-2 facilitates early intervention and prevents the disease spread. Here, we present an All-In-One Dual CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR) assay for one-pot, ultrasensitive, and visual SARS-CoV-2 detection. By targeting SARS-CoV-2’s nucleoprotein gene, two CRISPR RNAs without protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site limitation are introduced to develop the AIOD-CRISPR assay and detect the nucleic acids with a sensitivity of few copies. We validate the assay by using COVID-19 clinical swab samples and obtain consistent results with RT-PCR assay. Furthermore, a low-cost hand warmer (~$0.3) is used as an incubator of the AIOD-CRISPR assay to detect clinical samples within 20 min, enabling an instrument-free, visual SARS-CoV-2 detection at the point of care. Thus, our method has the significant potential to provide a rapid, sensitive, one-pot point-of-care assay for SARS-CoV-2.
Vertical organic permeable dual-base transistors for logic circuits
Authors: Guo Erjuan , Wu Zhongbin , Darbandy Ghader , Xing Shen , Wang Shu-Jen , Tahn Alexander , Göbel Michael , Kloes Alexander , Leo Karl , Kleemann Hans
Published: September 2020

The main advantage of organic transistors with dual gates/bases is that the threshold voltages can be set as a function of the applied second gate/base bias, which is crucial for the application in logic gates and integrated circuits. However, incorporating a dual gate/base structure into an ultra-short channel vertical architecture represents a substantial challenge. Here, we realize a device concept of vertical organic permeable dual-base transistors, where the dual base electrodes can be used to tune the threshold voltages and change the on-currents. The detailed operation mechanisms are investigated by calibrated TCAD simulations. Finally, power-efficient logic circuits, e.g. inverter, NAND/AND computation functions are demonstrated with one single device operating at supply voltages of <2.0 V. We believe that this work offers a compact and technologically simple hardware platform with excellent application potential for vertical-channel organic transistors in complex logic circuits.
DR3 stimulation of adipose resident ILC2s ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shafiei-Jahani Pedram , Hurrell Benjamin P. , Galle-Treger Lauriane , Helou Doumet Georges , Howard Emily , Painter Jacob , Lo Richard , Lewis Gavin , Soroosh Pejman , Akbari Omid
Published: September 2020

Disturbances in glucose homeostasis and low-grade chronic inflammation culminate into metabolic syndrome that increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The recently discovered group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are capable of secreting copious amounts of type 2 cytokines to modulate metabolic homeostasis in adipose tissue. In this study, we have established that expression of Death Receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the TNF superfamily, on visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-derived murine and peripheral blood human ILC2s is inducible by IL-33. We demonstrate that DR3 engages the canonical and/or non-canonical NF-κB pathways, and thus stimulates naïve and co-stimulates IL-33-activated ILC2s. Importantly, DR3 engagement on ILC2s significantly ameliorates glucose tolerance, protects against insulin-resistance onset and remarkably reverses already established insulin-resistance. Taken together, these results convey the potent role of DR3 as an ILC2 regulator and introduce DR3 agonistic treatment as a novel therapeutic avenue for treating T2DM.
Tensile behaviors of layer-to-layer 2.5D angle-interlock woven composites with/without a center hole at various temperatures
Authors: Song Jian , Wen Weidong , Cui Haitao , Li Lixiao , Lu Yang
Published: September 2020

The temperature-dependent mechanical behaviors of open-hole composite plates are essential for composite design and structures. Here, tensile experiments of shallow straight-link-shaped 2.5D woven composites (abbr. 2.5DWC) with/without a center hole are first conducted at different temperatures (20 °C, 180 °C and 240 °C). Failure modes are examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal property of QY8911-IV resin is investigated by DMA analysis. It is noted for samples without the center hole that with the increase of temperature, the tensile stress–strain curves exhibit a linear response until that a slight nonlinearity at the end stage. The strength retention rates at 180 °C and 240 °C are totally equal. For the open-hole samples, it is interestingly found that the strength retention rates are higher than that of samples without the hole at 180 °C, resulting from the stress concentration accommodation and fiber-dominated failure mode. Even at 240 °C, there is no necking phenomenon for all the failed samples, but more broom-like damage extent is observed in the cross-section. Due to the primary load-bearing warp yarns and hole-edge stress concentration, obvious pull-out warp yarns emerge near the hole edge.
Direct-write orientation of charge-transfer liquid crystals enables polarization-based coding and encryption
Authors: Van Winkle Madeline , Wallace Harper O. W. , Smith Niquana , Pomerene Andrew T. , Wood Michael G. , Kaehr Bryan , Reczek Joseph J.
Published: September 2020

Optical polarizers encompass a class of anisotropic materials that pass-through discrete orientations of light and are found in wide-ranging technologies, from windows and glasses to cameras, digital displays and photonic devices. The wire-grids, ordered surfaces, and aligned nanomaterials used to make polarized films cannot be easily reconfigured once aligned, limiting their use to stationary cross-polarizers in, for example, liquid crystal displays. Here we describe a supramolecular material set and patterning approach where the polarization angle in stand-alone films can be precisely defined at the single pixel level and reconfigured following initial alignment. This capability enables new routes for non-binary information storage, retrieval, and intrinsic encryption, and it suggests future technologies such as photonic chips that can be reconfigured using non-contact patterning.
Combining deep learning with 3D stereophotogrammetry for craniosynostosis diagnosis
Authors: de Jong Guido , Bijlsma Elmar , Meulstee Jene , Wennen Myrte , van Lindert Erik , Maal Thomas , Aquarius René , Delye Hans
Published: September 2020

Craniosynostosis is a condition in which cranial sutures fuse prematurely, causing problems in normal brain and skull growth in infants. To limit the extent of cosmetic and functional problems, swift diagnosis is needed. The goal of this study is to investigate if a deep learning algorithm is capable of correctly classifying the head shape of infants as either healthy controls, or as one of the following three craniosynostosis subtypes; scaphocephaly, trigonocephaly or anterior plagiocephaly. In order to acquire cranial shape data, 3D stereophotographs were made during routine pre-operative appointments of scaphocephaly (n = 76), trigonocephaly (n = 40) and anterior plagiocephaly (n = 27) patients. 3D Stereophotographs of healthy infants (n = 53) were made between the age of 3–6 months. The cranial shape data was sampled and a deep learning network was used to classify the cranial shape data as either: healthy control, scaphocephaly patient, trigonocephaly patient or anterior plagiocephaly patient. For the training and testing of the deep learning network, a stratified tenfold cross validation was used. During testing 195 out of 196 3D stereophotographs (99.5%) were correctly classified. This study shows that trained deep learning algorithms, based on 3D stereophotographs, can discriminate between craniosynostosis subtypes and healthy controls with high accuracy.
Study of diesel engine characteristics by adding nanosized zinc oxide and diethyl ether additives in Mahua biodiesel–diesel fuel blend
Authors: Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. , Banapurmath N. R. , Afzal Asif , Hossain Nazia , Abbas Muhammad Mujtaba , Haniffa Mhd Abd Cader Mhd , Naik Bharat , Ahmed Waqar , Nizamuddin Sabzoi , Mubarak N.M.
Published: September 2020

This study deals with an experimental investigation to assess the characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine utilizing diesel, Mahua biodiesel, and their blends with synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nano additives. The physicochemical properties of diesel, diesel + 30 ppm ZnO nanoparticles (D10030), 20% Mahua biodiesel (MOME20), and Mahua biodiesel (20%) + 30 ppm ZnO nanoparticles (MOME2030) were measured in accordance to the American Society for Testing and Materials standards. The effects of modification of fuel injectors (FI) holes (7-hole FI) and toroidal reentrant combustion chamber (TRCC) piston bowl design on the performance of CRDI using different fuel blends were assessed. For injection timings (IT) and injection opening pressure (IOP) average increase in brake thermal efficiency for fuel blend D10030 and MOME2030 was 9.65% and 16.4%, and 8.83% and 5.06%, respectively. Also, for IT and IOP, the average reductions in brake specific fuel consumption, smoke, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions for D10030 and MOME2030 were 10.9% and 7.7%, 18.2% and 8.6%, 12.6% and 11.5%, 8.74% and 13.1%, and 5.75% and 7.79%, respectively and 15.5% and 5.06%, 20.33% and 6.20%, 11.12% and 24.8%, 18.32% and 6.29%, and 1.79% and 6.89%, respectively for 7-hole fuel injector and TRCC. The cylinder pressure and heat release rate for D10030 and MOME2030 were enhanced by 6.8% and 17.1%, and 7.35% and 12.28%. The 7-hole fuel injector with the nano fuel blends at an injection timing and pressure of 10° btdc and 900 bar demonstrated the overall improvement of the engine characteristics due to the better air quality for fuel mixing. Similarly, the TRCC cylinder bowl geometry illustrated advanced ignition due to an improved swirl and turbulence. Also, the engine test results demonstrated that 30 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles in Mahua biodiesel (MOME2030) and diesel (D10030) with diethyl ether resulted overall enhancement of CRDI engine characteristics.
Author Correction: Optimal SSSC-based power damping inter-area oscillations using firefly and harmony search algorithms
Authors: Naderipour Amirreza , Abdul‑Malek Zulkurnain , Ramachandaramurthy Vigna K. , Miveh Mohammad Reza , Moghaddam Mohammad Jafar Hadidian , Guerrero Josep. M.
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Magnetic critical behavior of the van der Waals Fe5GeTe2 crystal with near room temperature ferromagnetism
Authors: Li Zhengxian , Xia Wei , Su Hao , Yu Zhenhai , Fu Yunpeng , Chen Leiming , Wang Xia , Yu Na , Zou Zhiqiang , Guo Yanfeng
Published: September 2020

The van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2 has a Curie temperature TC of about 270 K, which is tunable through controlling the Fe deficiency content and can even reach above room temperature. To achieve insights into its ferromagnetic exchange that gives the high TC, the critical behavior has been investigated by measuring the magnetization in Fe5GeTe2 crystal around the ferromagnetic ordering temperature. The analysis of the measured magnetization by using various techniques harmonically reached to a set of reliable critical exponents with TC = 273.7 K, β = 0.3457 ± 0.001, γ = 1.40617 ± 0.003, and δ = 5.021 ± 0.001. By comparing these critical exponents with those predicted by various models, it seems that the magnetic properties of Fe5GeTe2 could be interpreted by a three-dimensional magnetic exchange with the exchange distance decaying as J(r) ≈ r−4.916, close to that of a three-dimensional Heisenberg model with long-range magnetic coupling.
Short- and long-term outcomes of rectal cancer patients with high or improved low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery
Authors: Zhang Chenghai , Chen Lei , Cui Ming , Xing Jiadi , Yang Hong , Yao Zhendan , Zhang Nan , Tan Fei , Liu Maoxing , Xu Kai , Su Xiangqian
Published: September 2020

The ligation site of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) during laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer has been controversial. Consecutive patients (n = 205) with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic-assisted low anterior resection from January 2009 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into high ligation (n = 126) and improved low ligation groups (n = 79). A total of 205 rectal cancer patients underwent laparoscopic assisted anterior resection: 126 patients in the high ligation group and 79 patients in the improved low ligation group. The improved low ligation group was better than the high ligation group in terms of postoperative flatus time and postoperative defecation time. There were no differences between the groups in terms of blood loss, operation time, total number of lymph nodes, anastomotic leakage, postoperative time to first liquid diet and postoperative hospital stay. There were also no differences in 5-year overall survival (OS). Compared to high ligation, the improved low ligation ensures the extent of lymph node dissection, and promotes the early recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function, but does not increase the operation time, bleeding risk, or anastomotic leakage. A ligation site of the IMA in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery may not influence oncological outcomes.
Pentagalloyl glucose from Schinus terebinthifolia inhibits growth of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Dettweiler Micah , Marquez Lewis , Lin Michelle , Sweeney-Jones Anne M. , Chhetri Bhuwan Khatri , Zurawski Daniel V. , Kubanek Julia , Quave Cassandra L.
Published: September 2020

The rise of antibiotic resistance has necessitated a search for new antimicrobials with potent activity against multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, such as carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). In this study, a library of botanical extracts generated from plants used to treat infections in traditional medicine was screened for growth inhibition of CRAB. A crude extract of Schinus terebinthifolia leaves exhibited 80% inhibition at 256 µg/mL and underwent bioassay-guided fractionation, leading to the isolation of pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), a bioactive gallotannin. PGG inhibited growth of both CRAB and susceptible A. baumannii (MIC 64–256 µg/mL), and also exhibited activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 16 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 64 µg/mL). A mammalian cytotoxicity assay with human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) yielded an IC50 for PGG of 256 µg/mL. Mechanistic experiments revealed iron chelation as a possible mode of action for PGG’s activity against CRAB. Passaging assays for resistance did not produce any resistant mutants over a period of 21 days. In conclusion, PGG exhibits antimicrobial activity against CRAB, but due to known pharmacological restrictions in delivery, translation as a therapeutic may be limited to topical applications such as wound rinses and dressings.
Biogeochemical water type influences community composition, species richness, and biomass in megadiverse Amazonian fish assemblages
Authors: Bogotá-Gregory Juan David , Lima Flávio C. T. , Correa Sandra B. , Silva-Oliveira Cárlison , Jenkins David G. , Ribeiro Frank R. , Lovejoy Nathan R. , Reis Roberto E. , Crampton William G. R.
Published: September 2020

Amazonian waters are classified into three biogeochemical categories by dissolved nutrient content, sediment type, transparency, and acidity—all important predictors of autochthonous and allochthonous primary production (PP): (1) nutrient-poor, low-sediment, high-transparency, humic-stained, acidic blackwaters; (2) nutrient-poor, low-sediment, high-transparency, neutral clearwaters; (3) nutrient-rich, low-transparency, alluvial sediment-laden, neutral whitewaters. The classification, first proposed by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1853, is well supported but its effects on fish are poorly understood. To investigate how Amazonian fish community composition and species richness are influenced by water type, we conducted quantitative year-round sampling of floodplain lake and river-margin habitats at a locality where all three water types co-occur. We sampled 22,398 fish from 310 species. Community composition was influenced more by water type than habitat. Whitewater communities were distinct from those of blackwaters and clearwaters, with community structure correlated strongly to conductivity and turbidity. Mean per-sampling event species richness and biomass were significantly higher in nutrient-rich whitewater floodplain lakes than in oligotrophic blackwater and clearwater river-floodplain systems and light-limited whitewater rivers. Our study provides novel insights into the influences of biogeochemical water type and ecosystem productivity on Earth’s most diverse aquatic vertebrate fauna and highlights the importance of including multiple water types in conservation planning.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indigo through regulating the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway in mice
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhang Guo-Xin , Niu Ya-Ting , Wang Qing , Zheng Jie , Yang Jia-Mei , Sun Tao , Niu Jian-Guo , Yu Jian-Qiang
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indigo in mice and explored the possible related mechanisms.
Room temperature cupric halides mediated olefin alkoxylation of BODIPYs with methanol: mechanisms and scope
Authors: Yang Ying , Wei Xiangrong , Zhang Yuexing , Chi Xin , Huang Dejian , Wang Fu , Wu Haixia , Ming Jialin
Published: September 2020

Cupric halides efficiently mediate the methoxylation of BODIPYs dye under mild conditions, which has potential to design ratiometric fluorescent probes.
Xanthine-based photoaffinity probes allow assessment of ligand engagement by TRPC5 channels
Authors: Bauer Claudia C. , Minard Aisling , Pickles Isabelle B. , Simmons Katie J. , Chuntharpursat-Bon Eulashini , Burnham Matthew P. , Kapur Nikil , Beech David J. , Muench Stephen P. , Wright Megan H. , Warriner Stuart L. , Bon Robin S.
Published: September 2020

Diazirine-containing photoaffinity probes, based on the potent and selective TRPC1/4/5 channel inhibitor Pico145, allowed the development of an assay to probe cellular interactions between TRPC5 protein and xanthine-based TRPC5 channel modulators.
An arene-stabilized η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl antimony dication acts as a source of Sb+or Sb3+cations
Authors: Zhou Jiliang , Kim Hyehwang , Liu Liu Leo , Cao Levy L. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: September 2020

The dicationic compound [(η5-Cp*)Sb(tol)][B(C6F5)4]2(1) (tol = toluene), which exhibits strong Lewis acidity, reacts with Lewis bases to provide Sb+or Sb3+cations.
Fast and controlled ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone catalyzed by benzoheterocyclic urea/MTBD catalysts
Authors: Ji Chenlin , Jie Suyun , Braunstein Pierre , Li Bo-Geng
Published: September 2020

New benzoheterocyclic urea/MTBD catalysts are highly efficient and controllable in the ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone under solvent-free conditions or in solution.
1D-CoSe2 nanoarray: a designed structure for efficient hydrogen evolution and symmetric supercapacitor characteristics
Authors: Rabani Iqra , Hussain Sajjad , Vikraman Dhanasekaran , Seo Young-Soo , Jung Jongwan , Jana Atanu , Shrestha Nabeen K. , Jalalah Mohammed , Noh Yong-Young , Patil Supriya A.
Published: September 2020

Direct growth of self-supported one-dimensional (1D) nanorod arrays on conducting substrates is highly attractive for electrocatalysis, due to their unique shape, size, and length.
Improving the utilization rate of foliar nitrogen fertilizers by surface roughness engineering of silica spheres
Authors: Li Wenchao , Fan Ruoyu , Zhou Hongjian , Zhu Yinfeng , Zheng Xu , Tang Mengyu , Wu Xiaosi , Yu Chengzhong , Wang Guozhong
Published: September 2020

Silica spheres were successfully used to improve the utilization rate of foliar nitrogen fertilizers on leaves by surface roughness engineering.
Green chemistry and the plastic pollution challenge: towards a circular economy
Authors: Sheldon Roger A. , Norton Michael
Published: September 2020

The solution to plastic pollution is not less chemistry but more, greener chemistry in a circular bio-based economy.
Lysis and direct detection of coliforms on printed paper-based microfluidic devices
Authors: Snyder Sarah A. , Boban Mathew , Li Chao , VanEpps J. Scott , Mehta Geeta , Tuteja Anish
Published: September 2020

This article presents an integrated microfluidic coliform lysis and detection device featuring customizable omniphilic regions created by direct printing of omniphilic channels on an omniphobic, fluorinated paper.
A new computational method for molecular design of a liquid–liquid extractant and related phase equilibrium based on group contribution
Authors: Guo Yingying , Zeng Hong , Song Hang , Yao Shun
Published: September 2020

A new selection method is developed for group contribution combined with molecular design for an extractant in liquid–liquid extraction.
State of the art methods and challenges of luminescent metal–organic frameworks for antibiotic detection
Authors: Yuan Rongrong , He Hongming
Published: September 2020

This review focuses on recent developments in the design and synthesis of luminescence MOFs for monitoring antibiotics.
LiOtBu-promoted stereoselective deconjugation of α,β-unsaturated diesters probed using density functional theory
Authors: Jang Won Jun , Song Seon Bin , Lee Soyeon , Yoo Seok Yeol , Chung You Kyoung , Huh Joonsuk , Yun Jaesook
Published: September 2020

We report the isomerisation of α,β-unsaturated diesters to thermodynamically less favourable β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the absence of strongly basic anhydrous or photochemical conditions.
Carotane sesquiterpenes from Ferula vesceritensis: in silico analysis as SARS-CoV-2 binding inhibitors
Authors: Mohamed Tarik A. , Elshamy Abdelsamed I. , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Zellagui Ammar , Moustafa Mahmoud F. , Abdelrahman Alaa H. M. , Ohta Shinji , Pare Paul W. , Hegazy Mohamed-Elamir F.
Published: September 2020

Sesquiterpenes, 8α-anisate-dauc-4-ene-3,9-dione (webiol anisate) (1) and 10α-acetoxy-6α-benzoate-jaeschkeanadiol (2) as well as several analogues (3–12) were root extracted from Ferula vesceritensis.
Correction: An oxygen self-sufficient NIR-responsive nanosystem for enhanced PDT and chemotherapy against hypoxic tumors
Authors: Yang Guoliang , Tian Jia , Chen Chao , Jiang Dawei , Xue Yudong , Wang Chaochao , Gao Yun , Zhang Weian
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘An oxygen self-sufficient NIR-responsive nanosystem for enhanced PDT and chemotherapy against hypoxic tumors’ by Guoliang Yang et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 5766–5772, DOI: 10.1039/C9SC00985J.