bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic multiscaling in stochastically forced Burgers turbulence
Authors: De Sadhitro , Mitra Dhrubaditya , Pandit Rahul
Published: May 2023

We carry out a detailed study of dynamic multiscaling in the turbulent nonequilibrium, but statistically steady, state of the stochastically forced one-dimensional Burgers equation. We introduce the concept of interval collapse time, which we define as the time taken for a spatial interval, demarcated by a pair of Lagrangian tracers, to collapse at a shock. By calculating the dynamic scaling exponents of the moments of various orders of these interval collapse times, we show that (a) there is not one but an infinity of characteristic time scales and (b) the probability distribution function of the interval collapse times is non-Gaussian and has a power-law tail. Our study is based on (a) a theoretical framework that allows us to obtain dynamic-multiscaling exponents analytically, (b) extensive direct numerical simulations, and (c) a careful comparison of the results of (a) and (b). We discuss possible generalizations of our work to higher dimensions, for the stochastically forced Burgers equation, and to other compressible flows that exhibit turbulence with shocks.
Preliminary evaluation of the safety and efficacy of glucose solution infusion through the hepatic artery on irreversible electroporation focusing
Authors: Sarreshtehdari Amirhossein , Burdio Fernando , López-Alonso Borja , Lucía Óscar , Burdio José Miguel , Villamonte María , Andaluz A. , García-Arnas F. , Berjano E. , Moll Xavier
Published: May 2023

Due to electrical features of the tissue, such as impedance, which have a significant impact on irreversible electroporation (IRE) function, the administration of glucose solution 5% (GS5%) through the hepatic artery would focus IRE on scattered liver tumors. By creating a differential impedance between healthy and tumor tissue. This study aimed to determine the effects of the GS5% protocol on healthy liver tissue and its safety. 21 male Athymic nude rats Hsd: RH-Foxn1mu were used in the study. Animals were split into two groups. In group 1, a continuous infusion through the gastroduodenal artery of GS5% was performed to measure the impedance with a dose of 0.008 mL/g for 16 min. In group 2, the animals were divided into two subgroups for infusions of GS5%. Group 2.1, at 0.008 mL/g for 16 min. Group 2.2 at 0.03 mL/g for 4 min. Blood samples were collected after anesthesia has been induced. The second sample, after catheterization of the artery, and the third after the GS5% infusion. All the animals were sacrificed to collect histological samples. The survival rate during the experiment was 100%. A considerable impact on the impedance of the tissue was noticed, on average up to 4.31 times more than the baseline, and no side effects were observed after GS5% infusion. In conclusion, impedance alteration by Glucose solution infusion may focus IRE on tumor tissue and decrease IRE’s effects on healthy tissue.
Neurogenic timing of the inferior olive subdivisions is related to the olivocerebellar projection topography
Authors: Luo Yuanjun , Chao Yuhan , Owusu-Mensah Richard Nana Abankwah , Zhang Jingyun , Hirata Tatsumi , Sugihara Izumi
Published: May 2023

The olivocerebellar projection is organized into an intricate topographical connection from the inferior olive (IO) subdivisions to the longitudinally-striped compartments of cerebellar Purkinje Cells (PCs), to play an essential role in cerebellar coordination and learning. However, the central mechanisms for forming topography need to be clarified. IO neurons and PCs are generated during overlapping periods of a few days in embryonic development. Therefore, we examined whether their neurogenic timing is specifically involved in the olivocerebellar topographic projection relationship. First, we mapped neurogenic timing in the entire IO by using the neurogenic-tagging system of neurog2-CreER (G2A) mice and specific labeling of IO neurons with FoxP2. IO subdivisions were classified into three groups depending on their neurogenic timing range. Then, we examined the relationships in the neurogenic-timing gradient between IO neurons and PCs by labeling topographic olivocerebellar projection patterns and PC neurogenic timing. Early, intermediate, and late groups of IO subdivisions projected to late, intermediate, and early groups of the cortical compartments, respectively, except for a few particular areas. The results indicated that the olivocerebellar topographic relationship is essentially arranged according to the reverse neurogenic-timing gradients of the origin and target.
Spatial timing of circulating seasonal influenza A and B viruses in China from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Zhu Ai-qin , Li Zhong-jie , Zhang Hang-jie
Published: May 2023

Major outbreaks of influenza virus occurred in China in 2017–2018. To describe the pattern of influenza circulation and timing of seasonal epidemics, we analyzed data from influenza-like illness (ILI) specimens on surveillance wards of sentinel hospitals during 2014–2018. Among 1,890,084 ILI cases, 324,211 (17.2%) tested positive for influenza. Influenza A virus (particularly A/H3N2), which circulates annually, was detected in 62% of cases, compared with influenza B virus in 38% of cases. The detection rate of A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata viruses were 3.56%, 7.07%, 2.08%, and 3.45%, respectively. Influenza prevalence was generally stable over the four years analyzed, but obvious outbreaks occurred in 2015–2016 (17.28%) and 2017–2018 (22.67%), with B/Victoria and B/Yamagata contributing to these outbreaks, respectively. In the south, a characteristic peak in infections was detected in the summer (week 23–38), which was not detected in the north. Influenza B was found high frequency in school-age children (5–14 years) with 4.78% of B/Victoria and 6.76% of B/Yamagata. Therefore, the epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza were complex in China during 2014–2018, presenting distinctions in region, season, and susceptible population. These findings underline the importance of enhancing year-round influenza surveillance and provide a reference for the timing and variety of influenza vaccination.
Multiple levels of contextual influence on action-based timing behavior and cortical activation
Authors: Rahimpour Jounghani Ali , Lanka Pradyumna , Pollonini Luca , Proksch Shannon , Balasubramaniam Ramesh , Bortfeld Heather
Published: May 2023

Procedures used to elicit both behavioral and neurophysiological data to address a particular cognitive question can impact the nature of the data collected. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess performance of a modified finger tapping task in which participants performed synchronized or syncopated tapping relative to a metronomic tone. Both versions of the tapping task included a pacing phase (tapping with the tone) followed by a continuation phase (tapping without the tone). Both behavioral and brain-based findings revealed two distinct timing mechanisms underlying the two forms of tapping. Here we investigate the impact of an additional—and extremely subtle—manipulation of the study’s experimental design. We measured responses in 23 healthy adults as they performed the two versions of the finger-tapping tasks either blocked by tapping type or alternating from one to the other type during the course of the experiment. As in our previous study, behavioral tapping indices and cortical hemodynamics were monitored, allowing us to compare results across the two study designs. Consistent with previous findings, results reflected distinct, context-dependent parameters of the tapping. Moreover, our results demonstrated a significant impact of study design on rhythmic entrainment in the presence/absence of auditory stimuli. Tapping accuracy and hemodynamic responsivity collectively indicate that the block design context is preferable for studying action-based timing behavior.
The importance of structural, situational, and psychological factors for involving hunters in the adaptive flyway management of geese
Authors: Eriksson Louise , Månsson Johan , Liljebäck Niklas , Sandström Camilla , Johansson Maria , Eklund Ann , Elmberg Johan
Published: May 2023

Adaptive flyway management of superabundant geese is emerging as a strategy to reduce damage to agricultural crops and other ecosystem disservices, while also ensuring sustainable use and conservation objectives. Given the calls for intensified hunting as part of flyway management in Europe, we need to increase the understanding of structural, situational, and psychological factors important for goose hunting among hunters. Our survey data, retrieved in southern Sweden, showed a higher potential to intensify hunting among goose hunters than other hunters. In response to hypothetical policy instruments (including regulations, collaborative, and others), hunters declared a minor increase in their intention to hunt geese, with the greatest expected increase among goose hunters should the hunting season be extended. Situational factors (e.g., access to hunting grounds) were associated with goose hunting (frequency, bag size, and intention to increase hunting). In addition, controlled motivation (derived from external pressures or to avoid guilt) and more importantly autonomous motivation (due to hunting being enjoyable or valuable) were along with goose hunter identity positively associated with goose hunting. Hunters’ involvement in flyway management may be encouraged by using policy instruments to remove situational barriers and facilitate their autonomous motivation.
Social exclusion in people with diabetes: cross-sectional and longitudinal results from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS)
Authors: Prell Tino , Stegmann Stefanie , Schönenberg Aline
Published: May 2023

As social exclusion can be linked to worse health and overall reduced quality of life, we describe social exclusion in people with diabetes and assess whether diabetes can be considered as a risk factor for social exclusion. We analyzed two waves (2014, 2017, N = 6604) from a survey of community-dwelling people aged > 40 using linear regression, group comparison and generalized estimating equations to explore the association between diabetes, social exclusion, socioeconomic, physical and psychosocial variables. In the entire cohort, diabetes was cross-sectionally associated with social exclusion after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.001). In people with diabetes, social exclusion was further associated with self-esteem (p < 0.001), loneliness (p =  < 0.001), income (p = 0.017), depression (p = 0.001), physical diseases (p = 0.04), and network size (p = 0.043). Longitudinal data revealed that higher levels of social exclusion were already present before the diagnosis of diabetes, and future social exclusion was predicted by self-esteem, loneliness, depression, and income, but not by diabetes (p = .221). We conclude that diabetes is not a driver of social exclusion. Instead, both seem to co-occur as a consequence of health-related and psychosocial variables.
A geospatial approach to identify patterns of antibiotic susceptibility at a neighborhood level in Wisconsin, United States
Authors: Legenza Laurel , McNair Kyle , Gao Song , Lacy James P. , Olson Brooke J. , Fritsche Thomas R. , Schulz Lucas T. , LaMuro Samantha , Spray-Larson Frances , Siddiqui Tahmeena , Rose Warren E.
Published: May 2023

The global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) varies regionally. This study explores whether geospatial analysis and data visualization methods detect both clinically and statistically significant variations in antibiotic susceptibility rates at a neighborhood level. This observational multicenter geospatial study collected 10 years of patient-level antibiotic susceptibility data and patient addresses from three regionally distinct Wisconsin health systems (UW Health, Fort HealthCare, Marshfield Clinic Health System [MCHS]). We included the initial Escherichia coli isolate per patient per year per sample source with a patient address in Wisconsin (N = 100,176). Isolates from U.S. Census Block Groups with less than 30 isolates were excluded (n = 13,709), resulting in 86,467 E. coli isolates. The primary study outcomes were the results of Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation analyses to quantify antibiotic susceptibility as spatially dispersed, randomly distributed, or clustered by a range of − 1 to + 1, and the detection of statistically significant local hot (high susceptibility) and cold spots (low susceptibility) for variations in antibiotic susceptibility by U.S. Census Block Group. UW Health isolates collected represented greater isolate geographic density (n = 36,279 E. coli, 389 = blocks, 2009–2018), compared to Fort HealthCare (n = 5110 isolates, 48 = blocks, 2012–2018) and MCHS (45,078 isolates, 480 blocks, 2009–2018). Choropleth maps enabled a spatial AMR data visualization. A positive spatially-clustered pattern was identified from the UW Health data for ciprofloxacin (Moran’s I = 0.096, p = 0.005) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility (Moran’s I = 0.180, p < 0.001). Fort HealthCare and MCHS distributions were likely random. At the local level, we identified hot and cold spots at all three health systems (90%, 95%, and 99% CIs). AMR spatial clustering was observed in urban areas but not rural areas. Unique identification of AMR hot spots at the Block Group level provides a foundation for future analyses and hypotheses. Clinically meaningful differences in AMR could inform clinical decision support tools and warrants further investigation for informing therapy options.
The soil microbiomes of forest ecosystems in Kenya: their diversity and environmental drivers
Authors: Onyango Lorine Akinyi , Ngonga Florence Atieno , Karanja Edward Nderitu , Kuja Josiah Ochieng’ , Boga Hamadi Iddi , Cowan Don A. , Mwangi Kennedy Wanjau , Maghenda Marianne Wughanga , Marinho Lebre Pedro Bixirao Neto , Kambura Anne Kelly
Published: May 2023

Soil microbiomes in forest ecosystems act as both nutrient sources and sinks through a range of processes including organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and humic compound incorporation into the soil. Most forest soil microbial diversity studies have been performed in the northern hemisphere, and very little has been done in forests within African continent. This study examined the composition, diversity and distribution of prokaryotes in Kenyan forests top soils using amplicon sequencing of V4-V5 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, soil physicochemical characteristics were measured to identify abiotic drivers of prokaryotic distribution. Different forest soils were found to have statistically distinct microbiome compositions, with Proteobacteria and Crenarchaeota taxa being the most differentially abundant across regions within bacterial and archaeal phyla, respectively. Key bacterial community drivers included pH, Ca, K, Fe, and total N while archaeal diversity was shaped by Na, pH, Ca, total P and total N. To contextualize the prokaryote diversity of Kenyan forest soils on a global scale, the sample set was compared to amplicon data obtained from forest biomes across the globe; displaying them to harbor distinct microbiomes with an over-representation of uncultured taxa such as TK-10 and Ellin6067 genera.
Measure cross-sectoral structural similarities from financial networks
Authors: Boersma M. , Wolsink J. , Sourabh S. , Hoogduin L. A. , Kandhai D.
Published: May 2023

Auditing is a multi-billion dollar market, with auditors assessing the trustworthiness of financial data, contributing to financial stability in a more interconnected and faster-changing world. We measure cross-sectoral structural similarities between firms using microscopic real-world transaction data. We derive network representations of companies from their transaction datasets, and we compute an embedding vector for each network. Our approach is based on the analysis of 300+ real transaction datasets that provide auditors with relevant insights. We detect significant changes in bookkeeping structure and the similarity between clients. For various tasks, we obtain good classification accuracy. Moreover, closely related companies are near in the embedding space while different industries are further apart suggesting that the measure captures relevant aspects. Besides the direct applications in computational audit, we expect this approach to be of use at multiple scales, from firms to countries, potentially elucidating structural risks at a broader scale.
UV-shielding properties of a cost-effective hybrid PMMA-based thin film coatings using TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles: a comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Yousefi Fatemeh , Mousavi Seyed Borhan , Heris Saeed Zeinali , Naghash-Hamed Samin
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to assess the UV-shielding features of the PMMA-based thin film coatings with the addition of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles as nanofillers considering different contents. Furthermore, the effect of TiO2/ZnO nanohybrids at different ratios and concentrations was examined. The XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX analyses characterized the prepared films' functional groups, structure, and morphology. Meanwhile, the coatings' optical properties and UV-protecting capability were investigated by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The UV–Vis spectroscopic study revealed that as the concentration of nanoparticles increased in the hybrid-coated PMMA, the absorption in the UVA region increased. Overall, it can be concluded that the optimal coatings for PMMA were 0.1 wt% TiO2, 0.1 wt% ZnO, and 0.025:0.025 wt% TiO2: ZnO nanohybrid. Considering the acquired FT-IR of PMMA with different content of nanoparticles before and after exposure to the UV irradiation, for some films, it was confirmed that the polymer-based thin films degraded after 720 h, with either decreasing or increasing intensity of the degraded polymer, peak shifting, and band broadening. Notably, the FTIR results were in good agreement with UV–Vis outcomes. In addition, XRD diffraction peaks demonstrated that the pure PMMA matrix and PMMA coating films did not show any characteristic peaks indicating the presence of nanoparticles. All diffraction patterns were similar with and without any nanoparticles. Therefore, it depicted the amorphous nature of polymer thin film.
New insights into raceway cultivation of Euglena gracilis under long-term semi-continuous nitrogen starvation
Authors: Bakku Ranjith Kumar , Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Inaba Yu , Hiranuma Taro , Gianino Enrico , Amarianto Lawi , Mahrous Waleed , Suzuki Hideyuki , Suzuki Kengo
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to investigate the physiological responses of Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) when subjected to semicontinuous N-starvation (N−) for an extended period in open ponds. The results indicated that the growth rates of E. gracilis under the N− condition (11 ± 3.3 g m−2 d−1) were higher by 23% compared to the N-sufficient (N+, 8.9 ± 2.8 g m−2 d−1) condition. Furthermore, the paramylon content of E.gracilis was above 40% (w/w) of dry biomass in N− condition compared to N+ (7%) condition. Interestingly, E. gracilis exhibited similar cell numbers regardless of nitrogen concentrations after a certain time point. Additionally, it demonstrated relatively smaller cell size over time, and unaffected photosynthetic apparatus under N− condition. These findings suggest that there is a tradeoff between cell growth and photosynthesis in E. gracilis, as it adapts to semi-continuous N− conditions without a decrease in its growth rate and paramylon productivity. Notably, to the author’s knowledge, this is the only study reporting high biomass and product accumulation by a wild-type E. gracilis strain under N− conditions. This newly identified long-term adaptation ability of E. gracilis may offer a promising direction for the algal industry to achieve high productivity without relying on genetically modified organisms.
Effect of vaginal probiotics containing Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (Lcr regenerans) on vaginal dysbiotic microbiota and pregnancy outcome, prospective, randomized study
Authors: Petricevic Ljubomir , Rosicky Ingo , Kiss Herbet , Janjic Nina , Kaufmann Ulrike , Holzer Iris , Farr Alex
Published: May 2023

The intermediate bacterial microbiota is a heterogeneous group that varies in the severity of the dysbiosis, from minor deficiency to total absence of vaginal Lactobacillus spp. We treated women with this vaginal dysbiosis in the first trimester of pregnancy using a vaginally applied lactobacilli preparation to restore the normal microbiota in order to delay the preterm delivery rate. Pregnant women with intermediate microbiota of the vagina and a Nugent score of 4 were enrolled in two groups: intermediate vaginal microbiota and a Nugent score of 4 with lactobacilli (IMLN4) and intermediate vaginal microbiota and a Nugent score of 4 without lactobacilli (IM0N4), with and without vaginal lactobacilli at baseline, respectively. Half of the women in each group received the treatment. Among women without lactobacilli (the IM0N4 group), the Nugent sore decreased by 4 points only in the women who received treatment, and gestational age at delivery and neonatal birthweight were both significantly higher in the treated subgroup than in the untreated subgroup (p = 0.047 and p = 0.016, respectively). This small study found a trend toward a benefit of treatment with vaginal lactobacilli during pregnancy.
Filtration efficiency of medical and community face masks using viral and bacterial bioaerosols
Authors: Djeghdir Sana , Peyron Aurélien , Sarry Gwendoline , Leclerc Lara , Kaouane Ghalia , Verhoeven Paul O. , Pourchez Jérémie
Published: May 2023

Face masks are often recommended in community settings to prevent the airborne transmission of respiratory viruses or bacteria. Our first objective was to develop an experimental bench to assess the viral filtration efficiency (VFE) of a mask with a methodology similar to the normative measurement of bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) used to determine the filtration performance of medical masks. Then, using three categories of masks of increasing filtration quality (two types of community masks and one type of medical mask), filtration performances measured ranged from 61.4 to 98.8% of BFE and from 65.5 to 99.2% of VFE. A strong correlation (r = 0.983) between bacterial and viral filtration efficiency was observed for all types of masks and for the same droplets size in the 2–3 µm range. This result confirms the relevance of the EN14189:2019 standard using bacterial bioaerosols to evaluate mask filtration, to also extrapolate mask performances whatever their filtration quality against viral bioaerosols. Indeed, it appears that the filtration efficiency of masks (for micrometer droplet sizes and low bioaerosol exposure times) depends mainly on the size of the airborne droplet, rather than on the size of the infectious agent contained in that droplet.
Experimental comparison between Nb2O5- and TiO2-based photoconductive and photogating GFET UV detector
Authors: Sadeghi Neisiani Zahra , Khaje Mahdi , Eslami Majd Abdollah
Published: May 2023

In the present study, by adding graphene to a photoconductive photodetector with a niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) absorber layer and exploiting the photogating effect, the responsivity of the photodetector is significantly improved. In this photodetector, the Nb2O5 layer detects the light, and the graphene improves the responsivity based on the photogating effect. The photocurrent and the percentage ratio of the photocurrent to dark current of the Nb2O5 photogating photodetector are compared with those of the corresponding photoconductive photodetector. Also, the Nb2O5 photoconductive and photogating photodetectors are compared with titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoconductive and photogating photodetectors in terms of responsivity at different applied (drain-source) voltages and gate voltages. The results show that the Nb2O5 photodetectors have better figures of merit (FOMs) in comparison with the TiO2 ones.
Novel design of inspiratory flow generation and gas mixing for critical care ventilators suitable for rapid production and mass casualty incidents
Authors: Roubik Karel , Ort Vaclav , Horakova Lenka , Walzel Simon
Published: May 2023

Scarcity of medical resources inspired many teams worldwide to design ventilators utilizing different approaches during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Although it can be relatively easy to design a simple ventilator in a laboratory, a large scale production of reliable emergency ventilators which meet international standards for critical care ventilators is challenging and time consuming. The aim of this study is to propose a novel and easily manufacturable principle of gas mixing and inspiratory flow generation for mechanical lung ventilators. Two fast ON/OFF valves, one for air and one for oxygen, are used to control the inspiratory flow generation using pulse width modulation. Short gas flow pulses are smoothed by low-pass acoustic filters and do not propagate further into the patient circuit. At the same time, the appropriate pulse width modulation of both ON/OFF valves controls the oxygen fraction in the generated gas mixture. Tests focused on the accuracy of the delivered oxygen fractions and tidal volumes have proved compliance with the international standards for critical care ventilators. The concept of a simple construction using two fast ON/OFF valves may be used for designing mechanical lung ventilators and thus suitable for their rapid production during pandemics.
Improved grey water footprint model based on uncertainty analysis
Authors: Li Juan , Lin Ma , Feng Yan
Published: May 2023

In the practical water resources management, the allowable thresholds of pollutants are not unique. However, the conventional grey water footprint (GWF) model cannot deal with this uncertainty in the controlling threshold. To solve this problem, an improved GWF model and pollution risk evaluation method is designed according to the uncertainty analysis theory and maximum entropy principle. In this model, GWF is defined as the mathematical expectation of virtual water to dilute the pollution load within the allowable threshold, and the pollution risk is deduced by the stochastic probability by which GWF exceeds the local water resources. And then, the improved GWF model is applied in the pollution evaluation of Jiangxi Province, China. The results show that: (1) From 2013 to 2017, the annual GWF values of Jiangxi Province were 136.36 billion m3, 143.78 billion m3, 143.77 billion m3, 169.37 billion m3 and 103.36 billion m3, respectively. And their pollution risk values and grades were 0.30 (moderate), 0.27 (moderate), 0.19 (low), 0.22 (moderate), and 0.16 (low), respectively. In 2015, the determinant of the GWF was TP, and TN in other years. (2) The improved GWF model has an evaluation result which is basically consistent with WQQR, and it is an effective water resource evaluation method to deal with the uncertainty in controlling thresholds. (3) Compared with the conventional GWF model, the improved GWF model has better capacities in identifying pollution grades and recognizing pollution risks.
A reduction from an LWE problem to maximum independent set problems
Authors: Kawano Yasuhito
Published: May 2023

The learning with errors (LWE) problem is a problem derived from machine learning that is believed to be intractable for quantum computers. This paper proposes a method that can reduce an LWE problem to a set of maximum independent set (MIS) problems, which are graph problems that are suitable for a quantum annealing machine to solve. The reduction algorithm can reduce an n-dimensional LWE problem to several small MIS problems with at most $$2^{O(\sqrt{n})}$$

2

O
(

n

)

nodes when the lattice-reduction algorithm used in the LWE-reduction method successfully finds short vectors. The algorithm is useful for solving LWE problems in a quantum-classical hybrid manner by using an existing quantum algorithm to solve the MIS problems. For example, the smallest LWE challenge problem is reduced to MIS problems with about 40,000 vertices. This result means that the smallest LWE challenge problem will be within the scope of a real quantum computer in the near future.
Extending the use of biologics to mucous membranes by attachment of a binding domain
Authors: Shanks Robert M. Q. , Romanowski Eric G. , Romanowski John E. , Davoli Katherine , McNamara Nancy A. , Klarlund Jes K.
Published: May 2023

Biologics are almost exclusively administered systemically, but localized delivery is preferable as it minimizes off-target exposure and allows more aggressive treatments. Topical application of biologics to epithelia is generally ineffective because most are covered with fluids and biologics are washed out too quickly to have significant therapeutic effects. Here we explore the idea that attaching a binding domain can serve as an “anchor” to extend the residency time of biologics on wet epithelia, allowing their effective use even with infrequent applications. We use topical application to the ocular surface as a challenging test since foreign substances are washed out especially efficiently by tear flow and blinking. Our results demonstrate that conjugation of antibodies to wheat germ agglutinin, which binds GlcNAc and sialic acid that are ubiquitously present in tissues, increases their half-life 350-fold upon application to the ocular surface in a mouse model of dry eye, a common and onerous disease in humans. Importantly, antibodies to IL-17A, IL-23, and IL-1β conjugated to the agglutinin reduces manifestations of dry eye, even when applied just once daily. In contrast, unconjugated antibodies are ineffective. Attaching an anchor to biologics is a simple means to overcome washout and to extend their therapeutic use.
Calibration and generalizability of probabilistic models on low-data chemical datasets with DIONYSUS
Authors: Tom Gary , Hickman Riley J. , Zinzuwadia Aniket , Mohajeri Afshan , Sanchez-Lengeling Benjamin , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: May 2023

A toolkit for the study of the calibration, performance, and generalizability of probabilistic models and molecular featurizations for low-data chemical datasets.
Bilayer lipid membrane formation on surface assemblies with sparsely distributed tethers
Authors: Gavutis Martynas , Schulze-Niemand Eric , Lee Hung-Hsun , Liedberg Bo , Stein Matthias , Valiokas Ramūnas
Published: May 2023

Our study is the first report on the details of tBLM formation covering the entire time frame of the process as well as different phases of the anchoring interface.
Non-linear properties and yielding of enzymatic milk gels
Authors: Bauland Julien , Leocmach Mathieu , Famelart Marie-Hélène , Croguennec Thomas
Published: May 2023

The enzymatic milk gel is a weak physical gel of casein micelles that displays strain-softening and strain-hardening before failure during stress sweep tests.
A dual-labeled fluorescence quenching lateral flow assay based on one-pot enzyme-free isothermal cascade amplification for the rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens
Authors: Jiang Hao , Lv Xuefei , Li Anyi , Peng Zhao , Deng Yulin , Li Xiaoqiong
Published: May 2023

A dual-labeled fluorescence quenching lateral flow assay based on one-pot, enzyme-free isothermal cascade amplification for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogens.
Organic-moiety-engineering on copper surface for carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Lu Chenbao , Su Yuezeng , Zhu Jinhui , Sun Jie , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: May 2023

Organic compounds for regulating the local microenvironment of Cu surface to promote CO2conversion are summarized. The interfacial effects of surface hydrophobicity, local electric field, local pH, and coverage of intermediates are discussed.
Revisiting magnetic exchange couplings in heterodinuclear complexes through the decomposition method in KS-DFT
Authors: Duplaix-Rata Gwenhaël , Le Guennic Boris , David Grégoire
Published: May 2023

Magnetic exchange coupling in heterodinuclear complexes is studied with the decomposition method in KS-DFT, allowing a deep understanding of the underlying physical mechanism as well as providing a numerical values to the orbital analysis.
N-modified carbon-coated NaTi2(PO4)3 as an anode with high capacity and long lifetime for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Ding Shuang , Li Huijin , Yuan Jie , Yuan Xianli , Li Min
Published: May 2023

N-modified carbon-coated NaTi2(PO4)3 as an anode with high capacity and long lifetime for sodium-ion batteries.
Controlling cobalt Fischer–Tropsch stability and selectivity through manganese titanate formation
Authors: Paterson James , Brown David , Haigh Sarah J. , Landon Philip , Li Qizhen , Lindley Matthew , Peacock Mark , van Rensburg Hendrik , Xu Zhuoran
Published: May 2023

Mn promotion in FT can direct products between oxygenates and paraffins. A simple in situ treatment forms MnTiO3 while an ex situ support is demonstrated with the benefits of Mn inclusion while controlling activity and inhibiting alcohol selectivity.
Modulation of the magnetic dynamics in two air-stable sulfur-ligated dysprosium complexes via polymerization
Authors: Han Tian , Wang Xiao-Qin , Guo Tong , Cao Hong-Sheng , Chen Wei-Peng , He Ling
Published: May 2023

We present the assembly of a S-ligated Dy–SMM unit into a discrete molecule and polymeric chain, and the modulation of magnetic dynamics.
Nano-wired polyaniline/VS2 composite materials for quasi-solid-state supercapacitor and zinc-ion battery applications
Authors: Zafar Saad , Singh Santosh K. , Lochab Bimlesh
Published: May 2023

A nano-wired polyaniline/VS2 network morphology mediated redox reactions of V and improved the overall conductivity to deliver a promising capacity and long-term cyclability in energy storage devices (QSSCs and ZIBs).
Correction: A hierarchical integrated 3D carbon electrode derived from gingko leaves via hydrothermal carbonization of H3PO4 for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Han , Zhang Fuming , Lin Xinyu , Wu Jinggao , Huang Jing
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘A hierarchical integrated 3D carbon electrode derived from gingko leaves via hydrothermal carbonization of H3PO4 for high-performance supercapacitors’ by Han Liu et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2023, 5, 786–795, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NA00758D.
Bioresistive random access memory with an in-memory computing function based on graphene quantum dots
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Yuting , Yang Jing , Li Wenhao , Wen Dianzhong
Published: May 2023

Bioresistive random access memory with an in-memory computing function based on graphene quantum dots and soybean biomaterials is prepared.
Semi-rational design of an imine reductase for asymmetric synthesis of alkylatedS-4-azepanamines
Authors: Zhu Fangfang , Zhang Jun , Ma Yaqing , Yang Lujia , Gao Qiang , Gao Shushan , Cui Chengsen
Published: May 2023

An engineered imine reductase was used to catalyze the reductive amination ofN-Boc-4-oxo-azepane and diverse amines to synthesizeS-azepane-4-amines.
Developing novel imidazoline-modified glucose derivatives as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel
Authors: Qi Weijun , Huang Yu , Ma Yuting , Yu Zizhou , Zhu Xinbao
Published: May 2023

A novel alkyl glycoside cationic imaginary ammonium salt (FATG) has a 98.4% biodegradability efficiency and a 96.81% maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency using 500 ppm inhibitor. The FATG was adsorbed on the metal surface by physisorption and chemisorption.
Tungstic acid-functionalized polycalix[4]resorcinarene as a cavity-containing hyper-branched supramolecular and recoverable acidic catalyst in 4H-pyran synthesis
Authors: Mahmoudi Asl Aref , Karami Bahador , Karimi Zahra
Published: May 2023

A 3D porous organic polymer was synthesized using a calix[4]resorcinarene macrocycle. The cavity-containing polymer was modified with inorganic Brønsted acid (OWO3H) to simultaneously use host-guest and acidic aspects of this catalyst in 4H-pyrans.
A glucose-assisted redox hydrothermal route to prepare a Mn-doped CeO2catalyst for the total catalytic oxidation of VOCs
Authors: Phan Nga Hang Thi , Nguyen Chinh Chien , Nguyen Dinh Minh Tuan
Published: May 2023

Mn-doped CeO2catalyst prepared by a novel glucose-assisted redox hydrothermal method for total catalytic oxidation of VOCs.
Fractional dependence of the free energy of activation on the driving force of charge transfer in the quenching of the excited states of substituted phenanthroline homoleptic ruthenium(ii) complexes in aqueous medium
Authors: Akl Hossam N. , Salah Dina , Abdel-Samad Hesham S. , Abdel Aziz Ayman A. , Abdel-Shafi Ayman A.
Published: May 2023

The photophysical characteristics of some homoleptic ruthenium(ii) phenanthroline derivatives are investigated in aqueous medium.
Research on the optimum carbonization process of walnut shell based on dynamic analysis
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Yungang , Zou Li , Bai Yanyuan , Xiu Haoran
Published: May 2023

The carbonization of walnut shell is divided into four processes, mainly occurring in the lignin decomposition process (α3 < α).
The influence of sample mass (scaling effect) on the synthesis and structure of non-graphitizing carbon (biochar) during the analytical pyrolysis of biomass
Authors: Nair Rahul Ramesh , Kißling Patrick A. , Schaate Andreas , Marchanka Alexander , Shamsuyeva Madina , Behrens Peter , Weichgrebe Dirk
Published: May 2023

The sample mass during biomass pyrolysis in an thermogravimetric reactor is shown to influence the pyrolysis mechanism and properties of the resultant non-graphitizing carbon. There is an inflection mass scale beyond which this effect is minimal.
Conversion of cellulose into aromatic compounds using supported metal catalysts in high-temperature water
Authors: Yamazaki Kiyoyuki , Segawa Atsushi , Mazaki Hitoshi , Hiyoshi Norihito , Mimura Naoki , Sato Osamu , Yamaguchi Aritomo
Published: May 2023

Charcoal-supported metal catalysts enhanced conversion of cellulose to aromatic compounds in high-temperature water even at 523 K.
Precise determination of major and trace elements in micrometer-scale ilmenite lamellae in titanomagnetite using LA-ICP-MS technique: application of regression analysis to time-resolved signals
Authors: Liu Si-Qi , Jiang Shao-Yong , Chen Wei , Wang Christina Yan , Su Hui-Min , Cao Yonghua , Zhang Hao-Xiang , Li Wen-Tian
Published: May 2023

In this contribution, ilmenite lamellae intergrown with magnetite were selected as an example to describe a practical algorithm used to extract the chemical composition of binary mineral phases from mixed LA-ICP-MS signals.
Confinement of an alkaline environment for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in acidic electrolytes
Authors: Li Xiaozhi , Zhang Peng , Zhang Lili , Zhang Gong , Gao Hui , Pang Zifan , Yu Jia , Pei Chunlei , Wang Tuo , Gong Jinlong
Published: May 2023

This paper describes the design of hollow-structured Ag@C electrocatalysts to adjust the local reaction environment for high-performance CO2RR in acidic media.
Laves phase Ir2Sm intermetallic nanoparticles as a highly active electrocatalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Yin Leilei , Li Qingqing , Wang Siyuan , Wang Weihua , Du Yaping
Published: May 2023

A new phase of Ir2Sm in the Laves phase family was synthesized. Alloying of Sm and Ir tunes the electronic properties of Ir and reduces the binding energy of oxygen intermediates, thereby accelerating the kinetics and enhancing the OER activity.
Formation of giant plasma membrane vesicles for biological and medical applications: a review
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Songyang , Xu Wanyu , Wang Kemin , He Fengjiao , Liu Jianbo
Published: May 2023

This review involves three main parts: the formation, properties and applications of GPMVs. The applications are also divided into three parts: GPMVs as cell mimics, plasma membrane models and drug carriers.
The contribution of network elasticity to electro-optic response in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Radka Brian P. , Pande Gaurav K. , White Timothy J.
Published: May 2023

Thiol acrylate copolymerization in the stabilizing polymer network is leveraged to alter the performance and compositional space for the dynamic reconfiguration of the selective reflection of the CLC phase.
Understanding the important variables to optimize glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate with lanthanide-containing ionic liquids
Authors: Bush Nancy G. , Dinh Caitlin H. , Catterton Casandrah L. , Fieser Megan E.
Published: May 2023

Lanthanide metal ionic liquids (MILs) are tunable catalysts for the glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Enhanced cooperativity with high ionic liquid : metal salt ratios lowers the required metal content to increase catalyst sustainability.
Porifera-like nickel nanodendrite for the efficient electrosynthesis of C–N compounds from carbon dioxide and nitrate anions
Authors: Patil Shivaraj B. , Lee Chang-Ru , Gowdru Swathi M. , Chang Chun-Chih , Chang Shu-Ting , Chen Yi-Chia , Wu Kuan-Chang , Chang Chia-Che , Haw Shu-Chih , Wang Di-Yan
Published: May 2023

Generating high-energy compounds with heteroatomic bondsviaelectrochemical reactions has attracted interest owing to the highly desired goal of achieving a net zero carbon state.
Confinement of MACl guest in 2D ZIF-8 triggers interface and bulk passivation for efficient and UV-stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jin Zuoming , Li Bin , Xu Yutian , Zhu Boya , Ding Gaiqin , Wang Yuanqiang , Yang Jingxia , Zhang Qinghong , Rui Yichuan
Published: May 2023

The MACl@ZIF-8 interlayer plays a bi-functional role in passivating buried interfaces and healing the defects in the bulk phase. As a result, significantly enhanced device performance is obtained with a champion PCE of 22.10%.
Enhancing chemisorption efficiency and thin-film characteristics via a discrete feeding method in high-k dielectric atomic layer deposition for preventing interfacial layer formation
Authors: Lee Ae Jin , Lee Seungwoo , Han Dong Hee , Kim Youngjin , Jeon Woojin
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the use of TiN and ZrO2 in metal–insulator–metal capacitors, crucial components in many electronic devices, especially DRAM by averting the formation of an interfacial layer between electrodes and insulators.
Janus-type ionic conductive gels with single-sided adhesiveness prepared by a “one-step” method for strain/pressure sensors
Authors: Wang Ling , Xia Wenjuan , Yu Yijia , Liu Shengjie , Peng Yao , Wu Zhaoqiang , Chen Hong
Published: May 2023

Janus-type ionic conductive gels with single-sided adhesiveness were successfully prepared by “one-step” UV irradiation polymerization for strain/pressure sensors.
LRRC8A is responsible for exosome biogenesis and volume regulation in colon cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Cui Shiyu , Jing Zhenghui , Fu Guodan , Liu Rong , Zhao Wenbao , Xu Liting , Yu Lei , Bai Yuhui , Lv Changsheng , Wu Min , Wei Yuan , Li Liangming , Peng Shuang
Published: May 2023

Exosomes are vital mediators for intercellular communications in the tumor microenvironment to accelerate colon cancer progression. Leucine-rich repeat-containing 8A (LRRC8A), the core component of the volume-regulated anion channel, is closely associated with acquiring heterogeneity for tumor cells. However, the role of LRRC8A in the exosomes remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that LRRC8A was one of the compositions in the exosomes released from colon cancer HCT116 cells. Down-regulation of LRRC8A proteins inhibited ex vivo cell growth and induced apoptosis. Consistently, chloride channel blockers DCPIB and NPPB inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis in a time or concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the total amounts and proportions of different diameter exosomes released in 6 h were not altered by the treatment of DCPIB and NPPB in HCT116 cells. In contrast with the inhibition of LRRC8A, overexpression of LRRC8A proteins in HCT116 cells released significantly more distinct populations of exosomes. Importantly, the switches of ratios for exosomes in a hypotonic challenge were eliminated by DCPIB treatment. Collectively, our results uncovered that LRRC8A proteins were responsible for the exosome generation and sorted into exosomes for monitoring the volume regulation.
An optimization capacity design method of household integrated energy system based on multi‐objective egret swarm optimization
Authors: Liu Yakui , Yu Chenhui , Li Dejun , Wang Longquan , Li Xing , Li Hongyun , Wang Fengchao
Published: May 2023

The construction of a household integrated energy system will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable development. Firstly, a household energy system is proposed, which consists of a photovoltaic, wind turbine, electrolysis cell, hydrogen storage tank, and hydrogen‐fired gas turbine. The proposed system is modelled as a bi‐objective optimization problem in which the minimum daily system economic cost, and the minimum loss of energy supply probability. Secondly, a novel multi‐objective egret swarm optimization algorithm with strong search capability and fast convergence is proposed. Thirdly, a household load corresponding to a typical day in spring is chosen as the study case. The optimization results show that the daily system economic cost with the optimal number of devices is 97.48 RMB, and the loss of energy supply probability is 8.33% at the lowest. Finally, to validate the efficiency of the proposed method, the proposed method is compared with NSGA‐II (a widely used multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm). The comparison indicates that the proposed method has a better diversity due to the random searchability. As a consequence, the proposed method can be used in the optimization capacity design of the integrated energy system.
Gesundheit fördern und schützen: Die Chance
für ein modernes Public Health System in Deutschland nutzen -
jetzt!
Authors: Rosenbrock Rolf , Geene Raimund
Published: May 2023

Es mangelt in Deutschland an institutioneller und regulativer Struktur sowie
Koordination für Public Health. Die aktuellen Reformansätze beim
öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD-Pakt), zur Gründung
eines Bundesinstituts für öffentliche Gesundheit und zur
Novellierung des Präventionsgesetzes bieten Chancen, im Rahmen dieser
Reformen die Fundamente für eine moderne Public Health-Struktur zu
legen. Dafür werden in der vorliegenden Ausarbeitung, angelehnt an das
Handlungsfeld Gesundheitsförderung und Primärprävention,
die fünf Aufgabenbereiche 1. sozialepidemiologische Daten, 2.
Gesundheitskommunikation, 3. Interventionsdurchführung, 4.
Methodenentwicklung, Evaluation und Qualitätsentwicklung und 5.
Diskursivierung skizziert, die sowohl für die praktische Arbeit aller
identifizierten Akteure als auch für ihre Koordinierung von hoher
Relevanz sind. Zusammengenommen eröffnet dies ein Fenster der
Möglichkeiten für eine kohärente,
flächendeckende, handlungs- und lernfähige Infrastruktur
für Public Health in Deutschland.