bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual endocasts of Clevosaurus brasiliensis and the tuatara: Rhynchocephalian neuroanatomy and the oldest endocranial record for Lepidosauria
Authors: Roese‐Miron Lívia , Jones Marc Emyr Huw , Ferreira José Darival , Hsiou Annie Schmaltz
Published: March 2023

Understanding the origins of the vertebrate brain is fundamental for uncovering evolutionary patterns in neuroanatomy. Regarding extinct species, the anatomy of the brain and other soft tissues housed in endocranial spaces can be approximated by casts of these cavities (endocasts). The neuroanatomical knowledge of Rhynchocephalia, a reptilian clade exceptionally diverse in the early Mesozoic, is restricted to the brain of its only living relative, Sphenodon punctatus, and unknown for fossil species. Here, we describe the endocast and the reptilian encephalization quotient (REQ) of the Triassic rhynchocephalian Clevosaurus brasiliensis and compare it with an ontogenetic series of S. punctatus. To better understand the informative potential of endocasts in Rhynchocephalia, we also examine the brain‐endocast relationship in S. punctatus. We found that the brain occupies 30% of its cavity, but the latter recovers the general shape and length of the brain. The REQ of C. brasiliensis (0.27) is much lower than S. punctatus (0.84–1.16), with the tuatara being close to the mean for non‐avian reptiles. The endocast of S. punctatus is dorsoventrally flexed and becomes more elongated throughout ontogeny. The endocast of C. brasiliensis is mostly unflexed and tubular, possibly representing a more plesiomorphic anatomy in relation to S. punctatus. Given the small size of C. brasiliensis, the main differences may result from allometric and heterochronic phenomena, consistent with suggestions that S. punctatus shows peramorphic anatomy compared to Mesozoic rhynchocephalians. Our results highlight a previously undocumented anatomical diversity among rhynchocephalians and provide a framework for future neuroanatomical comparisons among lepidosaurs.
Optimized synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of HCN channel inhibitor EC18
Authors: Patberg Marius , Oniani Tengiz , Disse Paul , Peischard Stefan , Vinnenberg Laura , Zobeiri Mehrnoush , Romanelli Maria N. , Epping Lisa , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G. , Hundehege Petra , Seebohm Guiscard , Budde Thomas , Junker Anna
Published: March 2023

HCN4 channels are considered to be a promising target for cardiac pathologies, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. However, there are no subtype‐selective HCN channel blockers available, and only a few compounds are reported to display subtype preferences, one of which is EC18 (cis‐1). Herein, we report the optimized synthetic route for the preparation of EC18 and its evaluation in three different pharmacological models, allowing us to assess its activity on cardiac function, thalamocortical neurons, and immune cells.
Disparities in stage at diagnosis among breast cancer molecular subtypes in China
Authors: Zeng Hongmei , Wu Siqi , Ma Fei , Ji John S. , Lu Lingeng , Ran Xianhui , Shi Jin , Li Daojuan , An Lan , Zheng Rongshou , Zhang Siwei , Chen Wanqing , Wei Wenqiang , He Yutong , He Jie
Published: March 2023

Background

Disease stage at diagnosis and molecular subtypes are the main determinants of breast cancer treatment strategies and prognosis. We aimed at examining the disparities and factors associated with the stage at diagnosis among the molecular subtypes in breast cancer patients in China.

Methods

We identified patients with first primary breast cancer diagnosed between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, from 23 hospitals in 12 provinces in China. We analyzed the proportion of non‐early‐stage (stages II–IV) breast cancer cases based on the family history of breast cancer, body mass index (BMI), insurance status, and molecular subtypes. Multivariable analyses were used to estimate the factors associated with non‐early‐stage diagnosis among the molecular subtypes. We further compared these estimates with that in the United States using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Results

A total of 9398 Chinese were identified with first primary invasive breast cancer. Of the 8767 patients with known stages, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐enriched subtype had the highest proportion of stages II–IV (76.6%) patients, followed by triple‐negative breast cancer (73.2%), luminal B (69.9%), and luminal A (62.3%). The percentage of non‐early‐stage patients was higher in women with overweight or obesity than in those with a body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.4). Patients with a family history of breast cancer had a higher likelihood of early‐stage (adjusted OR 0.7, 0.5–0.8) breast cancer. Patients with rural insurance had a substantially higher risk of non‐early‐stage disease than those with urban insurance (adjusted OR 1.8, 1.4–2.2). Regarding the subtype, being overweight/obese only increased the risk of non‐early‐stage in luminal A breast cancer. Compared with the United States, China had a higher proportion of non‐early‐stage breast cancer for all subtypes, with the largest gap in luminal A (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 2.0–2.4).

Conclusion

The wide disparities in stage at breast cancer diagnosis imply that China urgently needs to improve early breast cancer diagnosis and health equity.
Artemisia Capillaris Leaf Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor for Q235 Steel in HCl Solution and its Synergistic Inhibition Effect with L‐Cysteine
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Chen Yujuan , Liu Lihong , Zhuo Kelei
Published: March 2023

Artemisia capillaris leaf extract (ACLE) for corrosion inhibition of Q235 steel at 25–65 °C in 1 m HCl was analyzed by weight loss measurements, electrochemical tests, and quantum chemical calculations. Ultra‐high‐resolution electro‐spray time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to determine the major components in ACLE. The results show that ACLE has an obvious corrosion inhibition effect. At 10 g L−1 of ACLE, the corrosion inhibition efficiency can reach 99 % at 25 °C, but the inhibition efficiency decreases with the increase of temperature. Caffeic acid (0.55 wt % in ACLE) is speculated to be a major effective corrosion inhibition component in ACLE. The adsorption of active molecules in ACLE on the Fe surface may involve both physisorption and chemisorption, and however it may incline to physisorption. The adsorption of ACLE on the Q235 steel surface is a spontaneous process and conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The presence of ACLE can obviously increase the apparent activation energy of the dissolution reaction of iron. The combination of ACLE and L‐cysteine has a preferable synergistic inhibition effect, with the optimal mass ratio of ACLE and L‐cysteine of 7 : 3 at 25 °C. This work may provide an alternative strategy for the corrosion inhibition of metals via the synergistic effect of plant extracts with other inhibitors.
Flame‐Retardant Additive/Co‐Solvent Contained in Organic Solution for Safe Second Batteries: A Review
Authors: Zhu Dandan , Ren Yanbiao , Yu Yanxin , Zhang Lincai , Wan Yuqin , Wang Hongyu , Gao Wentong , Han Bing , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2023

With the increased demands of energy density boosting the electrochemical performance of the rechargeable alkali metal ion batteries, the safe operation of second batteries is attracting much attention and needs to be especially considered during their further development, which is essential in view of the well‐known fire incidents of the lithium‐ion batteries. These dangerous events in the lithium‐ion batteries are as a consequence of the exothermic chemical reactions between the flammable carbonate‐based solutions and the electrode active material under the terrible working conditions. Under this circumstance, some series of flame‐retardant organic liquid‐based solutions have demonstrated the potential towards safer rechargeable batteries with the minimal injurious or the advantageous effect on the batteries’ performance. This article reviews the flame‐retardant organic liquid‐based solutions for the rechargeable batteries, providing the reader with an overview of the safe solutions with flame‐retardant additive/co‐solvent involving trimethyl phosphate and its derivative, P‐containing amide/phosphazene, all fluorinated solvent, and ionic liquids, in which the method of adapting concentrated and locally concentrated electrolyte solution are merged in the text content. Moreover, the functionality and purpose of the constituents in some flame‐retardant mixtures are discussed and many flame‐retardant electrolyte solutions are displayed to offer improved cycling and rate performance of different electrodes compared to traditional electrolyte solutions.
Functional Characterisation of Highly Conserved and Structurally Prominent Residues of 2‐Methylisoborneol Synthase
Authors: Gu Binbin , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: March 2023

2‐Methylisoborneol is a widespread musty odourant that is produced by many bacteria including actinomycetes, cyanobacteria and myxobacteria. Two 2‐methylisoborneol synthases (MIBS) that are phylogenetically distant to the known enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor were found to be highly active for 2‐methylisoborneol biosynthesis. Based on the enzyme structure and on an amino acid sequence alignment, the MIBS from S. coelicolor was extensively studied through site‐directed mutagenesis.
Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C—H Functionalization
Authors: Wang Pu‐Sheng , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic C—H functionalization has emerged as a powerful tool to access chiral, densely functionalized molecules from easily accessible alkenes, enabling the increase of the step‐ or atom‐economy by minimizing functional group manipulations for preparing allylating reagents. Due to the inadequacy of stereoselection strategies, the asymmetric allylic C—H functionalization is still in the early stage. In this essay, we will describe our journey to identification of asymmetric catalytic systems, mechanism of allylic C—H activation, control of stereo‐ and regioselectivity, and applications in asymmetric synthesis.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

The establishment of asymmetric organo/transition‐metal cooperative catalysis to enable enantioselective reactions.

How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?

We initially attempted to expand the chiral enamine/Pd cooperative catalysis to create asymmetric allylic C—H alkylation of α‐olefins. Although this idea turned out to be unsuccessful, we finally accomplished an asymmetric allylic C—H alkylation of allylarenes enabled by cooperative catalysis of achiral amine, chiral phosphoric acid and palladium, marking a starting point to deeply get involved in this field.

How do you supervise your students?

I am basically strict with students in regulation and technique, but respect them very much. They are always my co‐workers and have equal authority in chemistry if they like.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Hardworking and critical thinking always pay off. What are your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?

I have ever enjoyed learning martial arts and playing basketball, but now enjoy reading history books.

Who influences you mostly in your life?

So many people influence me so much in my life, it's really hard to say who mostly does. I heard the story of Hua Loo‐Keng (Hua Luo‐Geng), an eminent mathematician, in my childhood and his legend always motivates me to keep working hard.

What is your favorite journal(s)?

So many journals I keep reading every day, if I have to say, J. Am. Chem. Soc. may be my favorite, because it publishes, so far, my most representative work. Of course, Chin. J. Chem. is among the favorite journals.

Could you please give us some advices on improving Chinese Journal of Chemistry?

Keep disseminating the journal in international community and improve the diversity in authorship and contents to make it really international.
Safe experimentation – experiments with corrosive substances and mixtures
Authors: Klemeyer Horst
Published: March 2023

Schülerversuche mit ätzenden Stoffen und Gemischen gehören zum Standardrepertoire des experimentellen Chemieunterrichts. Es ist zur Minimierung der Stoffgefahren deshalb besonders wichtig, dass die entsprechenden Versuchsvorschriften durch systematische Substitutionsprüfungen sicherheitsgerecht optimiert werden. Da für diese Prüfung nur im unzureichenden Umfang Informationen aus der GHS‐Kennzeichnung und aus den Versuchsvorschriften der DEGINTU‐Datenbank zur Verfügung stehen, sind dafür weitere Online‐Datenbanken und Online‐Berechnungen notwendig. Es wird an Beispielen von Laugen und Säuren aufgezeigt, welche Aspekte bei der Bestimmung der Gefahrenhöhen und der sich anschließenden Substitutionsprüfung wichtig sind und wie dafür die online Hilfen genutzt werden können. Als saure Katalysatoren sind Zeolit vom ZSM‐5 Typ und Dikaliumdisulfat besonders geeignet.
Clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacological stress tests in patients with a history of COVID‐19
Authors: Skali Hicham , Walker David , Jiang Jeanette , Gurumoorthy Giridharan , Davies Kalatu , Kimura Tomomi
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite millions of COVID‐19 cases in the United States, it remains unknown whether a history of COVID‐19 infection impacts the safety of pharmacologic myocardial perfusion imaging stress testing (pharmacologic MPI).

Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to assess if a prior COVID‐19 infection was associated with a higher risk of complications during and following pharmacologic MPI testing.

Methods

This retrospective cohort analysis included 179 803 adults (≥18 years) from the PharMetrics® Plus claims database who underwent pharmacologic MPI between March 1, 2020 and February 28, 2021. Patients with a history of COVID‐19 infection (COVID‐19 group) were compared with propensity‐score matched no‐COVID‐19 history group for reversal agent use, 30‐day resource use, and post‐MPI cardiac events/procedures.

Results

The most commonly used stress agent was regadenoson (91.7%). The COVID‐19 group (n = 6372; 3.5%) had slightly higher: reversal agent use (difference 1.13% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33, 1.92]), all‐cause costs (difference USD $128 [95% CI: $73–$181]), and office visits (81.5% vs. 77.0%) than the no‐COVID‐19 group. Prior COVID‐19 infection did not appear to impact subsequent cardiac events/procedures.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 history was associated with slightly higher reversal agent use, all‐cause costs, and office visits after pharmacologic MPI; however, the differences were not clinically meaningful. Concerns for use of stress agents in patients with prior COVID‐19 do not appear to be warranted.
Enhanced and Rapid Electro‐oxidation Degradation for Highly Concentrated Tetracycline by Mn Nanoparticle‐Doped NiAl‐LDHs
Authors: He Chifei , Li Haoran , Meng Weixu , Li Jing , Liu Wenjuan , Xiao Ning
Published: March 2023

Antibiotic pollution has posed a serious threat to water environments. To cope with this issue, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been employed and exhibited effective removability. However, most of LDHs adsorb antibiotics for water decontamination, which is difficult to degrade the pollutants and usually takes a quite long treatment time. In this work, Mn doped NiAl‐LDHs electrode was synthesized for antibiotic degradation with target pollutant tetracycline (TC). The removal efficiency of TC was then investigated by conducting electro‐oxidation with Mn doped NiAl‐LDHs anode. Specifically, some Mn doped NiAl‐LDHs nanoflowers were shed from NF substrate during the oxidation process, thus forming a 3D‐like electrode device and facilitating TC removal. Meanwhile, due to particle electrode‐like architecture and electro‐oxidation of the composite electrode, high concentration of TC can be removed quickly in a short time, and the removal efficiency can reach 92.6% in 5 min.
A linguistic approach to urban color design and research—Exploring Jianming Song's methodologies
Authors: Xu Jie
Published: March 2023

The development of urban color planning and design has evolved alongside massive urbanization in China over the past two decades. In this field, Jianming Song has become one of the most profound practitioners, having carried out hundreds of urban color projects since the turn of the millennium. This study aims to answer the question: What can be learned from these projects to provide useful knowledge for future urban development? In response to the complexity of the urban context and the relationship between urban space and colorscape, Song utilizes linguistics‐based design methodologies as an effective way to solve practical problems. This article articulates the application of linguistics in urban typology, color narratives, and the development of color themes. The study also identifies an integrated methodological framework that include the perspectives of ontology, epistemology and methodology. The research findings point to a renaissance of traditional culture implemented in contemporary design practice. Urban color planning and design is the product of local, social, economic, and political relations. The research encourages local knowledge combined with intellectual analysis to contribute to the design revolution in urban development.
Analysis of time‐domain response of series‐parallel fractional‐order RCα and RLβ circuits based on Cole distribution function
Authors: Zhang Fu , Chen Pingbo , Lin Haijun , Bai Wenqi , Wu Shuangshuang , Li Jianmin , Yang Yuxiang
Published: March 2023

Fractional‐order circuits, which contain fractance devices (
and
) described by fractional‐order differential equations, are widely used in interdisciplinary engineering research. The application of time‐domain response (TDR) measurement increases rapidly in analyzing the characteristics of fractance devices and fractional‐order circuits. However, the previous methods are mainly focused on deducing TDR expressions of a single fractance device or series fractional‐order circuits in some specific input signals, while overlook the TDR analysis of series‐parallel fractional‐order circuits (SPFOC) that are commonly applied in modeling electrochemical impedance or electrical bioimpedance. This paper proposes a novel method to derive TDR expressions of SPFOC in an arbitrary periodic signal. First, a discretization method to represent the SPFOC as the sum of first‐order circuits is proposed in Cole distribution function, which could approximate the transfer function of fractional‐order impedance/admittance. Second, the TDR expression of SPFOC in sinusoidal input signals is deduced in inverse Laplace transform, which can be applied as the components of a general TDR expression of SPFOC in an arbitrary periodic signal based on the Fourier series theory. Finally, both TDR simulations and experiments on Cole impedance model (a basic SPFOC) are conducted to verify the proposed method, which shows excellent agreement compared to theorical analysis. This paper presents a TDR solution to SPFOC that consist of a
or
element. In future, the theoretical and application extension of the proposed TDR analysis method is still necessary on analysis of more general fractional‐order circuits.
Liverworts show a globally consistent mid‐elevation richness peak
Authors: Maul Karola , Wei Yu‐Mei , Iskandar Eka Aditya Putri , Chantanaorrapint Sahut , Ho Boon‐Chuan , Quandt Dietmar , Kessler Michael
Published: March 2023

The study of elevational gradients allows to draw conclusions on the factors and mechanisms determining patterns in species richness distribution. Several earlier studies investigated liverwort diversity on single or few elevational transects. However, a comprehensive survey of the elevational distribution patterns of liverwort richness and their underlying factors is lacking so far. This study's purpose was to fill this gap by compiling an extensive data set of liverwort elevational patterns encompassing a broad diversity of mountains and mountain ranges around the world. Using polynomial regression analyses, we found a prevalence of hump‐shaped richness patterns (19 of 25 gradients), where liverwort species richness peaked at mid‐elevation and decreased towards both ends of the gradient. Against our expectation and unlike in other plant groups, in liverworts, this pattern also applies to elevational gradients at mid‐latitudes in temperate climates. Indeed, relative elevation, calculated as the percentage of the elevational range potentially inhabited by liverworts, was the most powerful predictor for the distribution of liverwort species richness. We conclude from these results that the admixture of low‐ and high‐elevation liverwort floras, in combination with steep ecological gradients, leads to a mid‐elevation floristic turnover shaping elevational patterns of liverwort diversity. Our analyses further detected significant effects of climatic variables (temperature of the warmest month, potential evapotranspiration, and precipitation of the warmest month) in explaining elevational liverwort richness patterns. This indicates that montane liverwort diversity is restricted by high temperatures and subsequent low water availability especially towards lower elevations, which presumably will lead to serious effects by temperature shifts associated with global warming.
Biosorption behavior of acid orange 7 dye onto Cucumis sativus peel biochar and its effect on growth of Triticum aestivum
Authors: Kapoor Riti Thapar , Sivamani Selvaraju
Published: March 2023

The application of cucumber peel biochar (CPB) for sorption of acid orange 7 (AO7) dye from aqueous solution has been assessed in this investigation. The adsorption process was systematically studied under different conditions including pH, exposure period, dye concentration, sorbent amount, temperature, and particle size of CPB. Maximum 96% removal of AO7 dye was observed at pH 2 by CPB with 80 mg/L AO7 dye concentration. Langmuir model appears to be the better one for experimental results description with 11.21 mg/g sorption ability. Kinetic results were well explained by pseudo‐second order model. The negative value of ΔH0 (−37.296 kJ mol−1) reflected exothermic behavior of process. CPB showed >38% adsorption ability of AO7 dye up to 5 cycles. Phytotoxic investigation showed that CPB treated AO7 dye solution enhanced growth and biochemical parameters of Triticum aestivum seeds. The seedling length and vigor index of wheat seeds showed following order: Control > AO7 dye solution treated with CPB treated > AO7 dye solution. Hence, CPB, profusely available as an agricultural waste can be applied as a cost‐effective and ecofriendly sorbent for making dye containing wastewater reusable.
A fused CNN‐LSTM model using FFT with application to real‐time power quality disturbances recognition
Authors: Cen Senfeng , Kim Dong Ok , Lim Chang Gyoon
Published: March 2023

With the progress of renewable energy generation and energy storage technologies, more and more renewable sources and devices are integrated into the power system. Due to the complexity of the power system, single and multiple power quality disturbances (PQDs) occur more frequently. Hence, real‐time detection of PQDs is the primary issue to mitigate the risk of distortions. This study presents the real‐time PQDs classification using fused convolutional neural networks (CNN) combined with long short‐term memory (fused CNN‐LSTM) architecture based on time and frequency domain features. The frequency‐domain features were obtained from time‐series data using fast Fourier transform. The original time‐domain and frequency‐domain features are extracted by respective CNN‐LSTM structures. The extracted time and frequency domain features are concatenated to classify the PQD through fully connected layers. Our proposed method was trained and tested using 16 types of synthetic noise PQDs data generated by mathematical models, in accordance with the standard IEEE‐1159. Moreover, to further verify the performance of our approach, a simulation distributed power system is carried out to detect various PQDs. We compared three advanced neural network approaches: Deep CNN, CNN‐LSTM, and multifusion CNN (MFCNN). The fused CNN‐LSTM model takes only 0.64 ms to classify each PQDs signal and achieves an accuracy of 98.95% and 98.89% in synthetic data and simulated power systems which indicates our proposed method outperformed compared methods.
The association of hearing loss with depressive symptoms and cognitive function among older people: Results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Barbosa Matheus Ghossain , Oliveira Déborah , Martinelli Maria Cecília , Keinert Ana Ágata Mezzomo , Lima‐Costa Maria Fernanda , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Ferri Cleusa P.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Hearing loss, depression, and cognitive decline are common among older people. We investigated the association of hearing loss with depressive symptoms and cognitive function in a nationally representative sample of people aged 50+ in Brazil.

Methods

Data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI‐Brazil) included information on self‐reported hearing loss, hearing aid use (effective or not effective), depressive symptoms (CES‐D‐8), and a global cognitive score (composed of immediate and late recall, verbal fluency, orientation and prospective memory) in a sample of 9412 individuals. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association of hearing loss and hearing aid use with both depressive symptoms and cognitive performance. The analyses were conducted with 7837 participants with complete data, and then repeated with data from the whole sample after multiple imputation.

Results

Compared to those without hearing loss, those with hearing loss were more likely to have a higher number of depressive symptoms (β: 0.53 (0.40–0.67) p < 0.001) but not worse cognitive performance (β: −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.19) p = 0.631). Among those with hearing loss, the use of hearing aid was neither associated with cognitive performance (β: −0.08 (−0.19 to 0.03) p = 0.169) or depressive symptoms (β: −0.42 (−0.98 to 0.14) p = 0.143); its effective use was associated with less depressive symptoms (β: −0.62 (−1.23 to −0.01) p = 0.045) but not worse cognitive performance (β: −0.15 (−0.030 to 0.03) p = 0.057). Sensitivity analyses revealed that hearing loss is associated with a worse performance in two non‐amnestic cognitive domains.

Conclusions

Hearing loss may negatively affect specific cognitive domains and depressive symptoms among older people, and the use of a hearing aid may mitigate the association with depressive symptoms.
Modelling past and future land‐use changes from mining, agriculture, industry and biodiversity in a rapidly developing Southeast Asian region
Authors: Nasir Sharun Beream , Ang Michelle Li Ern , Nath Tapan Kumar , Owen John , Tritto Angela , Lechner Alex M.
Published: March 2023

Rapidly developing regions in Southeast Asia, such as Kuantan, Malaysia, require robust spatial analysis to understand changing landscape patterns and their socioenvironmental impacts to guide sustainable development and conservation planning. This study aims to characterise and evaluate the historic and future projections of land‐use and land‐cover (LULC) change patterns to understand the dynamics of the regional development process and identify potential future land‐use conflicts. We first map coarse‐scale land‐cover classes using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI data and a Random Forest classifier in the Google Earth Engine platform, and then use auxiliary reference data to manually construct fine‐scale LULC for 3 years: 2010, 2015 and 2020. Subsequently, we modelled future LULC change patterns in 2030 using Land Change Modeller, which applies a multilayer perceptron neural network and Markov chain analysis. The study showed that the region's land cover in the last 10 years has been largely altered by human intervention, driven by an increase in oil palm plantations, followed by mining, residential and industrial site expansion, with a consequent decline in forest and vegetation cover. The 2030 land‐use projections revealed a continuation of these land‐use development patterns. The modelling showed that industry, mining and residential LULC are clustered and growing closer in proximity while expanding extensively, likely causing future land‐use conflict and lead to further environmental degradation. Furthermore, our analysis showed extensive decline in forest cover within reserves. Our modelling demonstrated that natural resource management needs to take an integrated approach as the drivers of land‐use changes are complex, competing and dynamic.
Social interaction can function as a reinforcer for dogs: Effects of stimulus duration and session parameters
Authors: Feuerbacher Erica N. , Togher Caitlin , Friedel Jonathan E.
Published: March 2023

Prior research has produced mixed results on whether human social interaction can function as a reinforcer for dog behavior. However, that research used either short durations of social interaction or rapid, repeated trials such that satiation could have been a factor. We investigated whether two durations of social interaction (30 s or 4 s petting plus vocal praise) would maintain more responding than extinction, than each other, or than food. We limited each session to 10 trials and temporally spaced sessions within and across days. Both durations of social interaction produced more responding than extinction, but there was no difference in responding between the two social interaction durations. When we compared responding in food sessions to 30‐s and 4‐s social interaction sessions, we could not determine differences in responses emitted per session for two dogs due to ceiling effects, but the third dog doubled her responding when food was provided. Additionally, latencies in food sessions for all dogs were significantly lower than expected from a random sampling of latencies. Our results suggest both durations of social interaction can function as a reinforcer, especially when delivered sporadically, but they are still not as effective as food as a reinforcer for most dogs.
Stronger together: Supporting Generation Z college students through relational‐cultural therapy
Authors: Sweet Taylor , Avadhanam Ramya
Published: March 2023

Generation Z college students present with specific characteristics, learning styles, and interpersonal needs. Since March of 2020, these students have endured sociocultural stressors of COVID‐19, publicized racial injustices, and a contentious presidential election. This article examines this and how college counselors’ use of relational‐cultural therapy can lead to collective healing.
The impact of incumbents' operational and governance responses on the sharing economy: An asset orchestration perspective
Authors: Zhang Chen , Yoo Sungjin , Li He , Kettinger William J.
Published: March 2023

Leveraging an asset‐sharing operating model, sharing economy platforms have disrupted incumbent firms in many industries. This research draws on the asset orchestration perspective to examine incumbents' asset orchestration (i.e., operational and governance actions) as they respond to threats from the sharing economy and the effectiveness of these actions in curbing a sharing economy firm's performance. We also analyze how the sharing economy firm's competitive moves counteract incumbents' asset orchestration responses. Our longitudinal empirical analysis in the accommodation industry demonstrates that the growth of sharing economy increases incumbent hotels' asset‐based operational actions, which reduce the sharing economy's performance. Although incumbents' asset governance actions increase as the local sharing economy grows, they do not seem to hinder sharing economy's performance. This research highlights the role of asset orchestration in the competition between incumbents and the sharing economy and contributes to the operations and sharing economy literature.
Development and validation of a predictive model for diarrhea in ICU patients with enteral nutrition
Authors: Chen Qiuchan , Chen Yuzhen , Wang Haiqin , Huang Jing , Ou Xiuli , Hu Jieshan , Yao Xiaohong , Guan Lijun
Published: March 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to build and validate a risk prediction model for diarrhea in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving enteral nutrition (EN) by identifying risk factors for diarrhea in these patients.

Methods

The risk factors for diarrhea were analyzed to build a prediction model for EN diarrhea in patients in the ICU based on the data collected from 302 patients receiving EN in the ICU. Subsequently, the model was validated by the area under the curve.

Results

In this study, the collected data were divided into two groups: a derivation cohort and a validation cohort. The results showed that 54.03% (114) of patients had diarrhea in the derivation cohort and 56.04% (51) of patients had diarrhea in the validation cohort. Moreover, days of EN, high urea nitrogen levels, probiotics, respiratory system disease, and daily doses of nutrient solution were included as predictive factors for diarrhea in patients receiving EN in the ICU. The predictive power of the model was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.752~0.868) in the derivation cohort and 0.736 (95% CI, 0.634~0.837) in the validation cohort.

Conclusion

In accordance with the predictive factors, the model, characterized by excellent discrimination and high accuracy, can be used to clinically identify patients in the ICU with a high risk of EN diarrhea.
Trends in the Synthesis of Polymer Nano‐ and Microscale Materials for Bio‐Related Applications
Authors: Coats John Peter , Cochereau Rémy , Dinu Ionel Adrian , Messmer Daniel , Sciortino Flavien , Palivan Cornelia. G.
Published: March 2023

Polymeric nano‐ and microscale materials bear significant potential in manifold applications related to biomedicine. This is owed not only to the large chemical diversity of the constituent polymers, but also to the various morphologies these materials can achieve, ranging from simple particles to intricate self‐assembled structures. Modern synthetic polymer chemistry permits the tuning of many physicochemical parameters affecting the behavior of polymeric nano‐ and microscale materials in the biological context. In this Perspective, an overview of the synthetic principles underlying the modern preparation of these materials is provided, aiming to demonstrate how advances in and ingenious implementations of polymer chemistry fuel a range of applications, both present and prospective.
High prevalence of blaCTX‐M‐15 type extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases in Gambian hooded vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus): A threatened species with substantial human interaction
Authors: Woksepp Hanna , Camara Fagimba , Bonnedahl Jonas
Published: March 2023

One hundred fecal samples from hooded vultures in the Gambia (Banjul area) were investigated for the presence of bacteria with extended‐spectrum cephalosporin‐ (ESBL/AmpC), carbapenemases, and colistin resistance. No Enterobacteriales carrying carbapenemases or resistance against colistin were detected. Fifty‐four ESBL‐producing Escherichia coli and five ESBL‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified in 52 of the samples, of which 52 E. coli and 4 K. pneumoniae yielded passed sequencing results. Fifty of the E. coli had ESBL phenotype and genotype harboring blaCTX‐M genes, of which 88.5% (n = 46) were the blaCTX‐M‐15 gene, commonly found on the African continent. Furthermore, the genetic context around blaCTX‐M‐15 was similar between isolates, being colocalized with ISKpn19. In contrast, cgMLST analysis of the E. coli harboring ESBL genes revealed a genetic distribution over a large fraction of the currently known existing E. coli populations in the Gambia. Hooded vultures in the Gambia thus have a high ESBL E. coli‐prevalence (>50%) with low diversity regarding key resistance genes. Furthermore, given the urban presence and frequent interactions between hooded vultures and humans, data from this study implies hooded vultures as potential vectors contributing to the further dissemination of antibiotic‐resistance genes.
Long‐Lasting Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Their Relatives
Authors: Wolff Andreas Wolfgang , Haller Bernhard , Demleitner Antonia Franziska , Pürner Dominik , Niederschweiberer Johanna , Cordts Isabell , Westenberg Erica , Lingor Paul
Published: March 2023

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has heavily impacted medical care of patients with Parkinson's disease (PwP).

Objective

To assess the longitudinal impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on PwP and their relatives in Germany.

Methods

Two online, nationwide, cross‐sectional surveys were conducted from December 2020 to March 2021 and from July to September 2021.

Results

A total of 342 PwP and 113 relatives participated. Despite partial resumption of social and group activities, healthcare was continuously disrupted during times of loosened restrictions. Respondents’ willingness to use telehealth infrastructure increased, yet the availability remained low. PwP reported worsened symptoms and further deterioration during the pandemic, resulting in an increase in new symptoms and relatives’ burden. We identified patients at particular risk: young patients and those with long disease duration.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic persistently disrupts the care and quality of life of PwP. Although willingness to use telemedicine services has increased, its availability needs to be improved.
Assembly processes underlying bacterial community differentiation among geographically close mangrove forests
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Nan , Liu Min , Guo Zixiao , Shi Suhua
Published: March 2023

Bacterial communities play pivotal roles in nutrient cycling in mangrove forests. The assembly of mangrove microbial communities has been found to be influenced by complex factors, such as geographic distance, physicochemical conditions, and plant identity, but the relative importance of these factors and how these factors shape the assembling process remain elusive. We analyzed the bacterial communities sampled from three mangrove species (Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera sexangula, and Kandelia obovata) at three locations along the estuarine Dongzhai Harbor in Hainan, China. We revealed larger differences in rhizosphere bacterial communities among geographical locations than among plant species, indicated by differences in diversity, composition, and interaction networks. We found that dispersal limitation and homogeneous selection have substantial contributions to the assembly of mangrove rhizosphere bacterial communities in all three locations. Following the phylogenetic‐bin‐based null model analysis (iCAMP) framework, we also found dispersal limitation and homogeneous selection showing dominance in some bins. The greater differences among geographic locations may be mainly attributed to the larger proportions of dispersal limitation even at such a short geographic distance. We also found that beta diversity was positively correlated with environmental distances, implying that the more similar environmental conditions (such as rich carbon and nitrogen contents) among plant species may have shaped similar bacterial communities. We concluded that the geographic distances, which are associated with dispersal limitation, played a key role in assembling mangrove rhizosphere bacterial communities, while physicochemical conditions and plant identity contributed less.
Wave interaction for a system in elastodynamics with initial data lying on the level set of one of the Riemann invariants
Authors: Joseph Kayyunnapara Divya
Published: March 2023

This paper is concerned with the study of interaction of waves originating from the Riemann problem centered at two different points for a system of equations modeling propagation of elastic waves. The system consists of two equations for
, where
is the velocity and
is the stress and is strictly hyperbolic and nonconservative. The study of interaction of waves is one of the most important steps in the construction of a global solution with initial data in the space of functions of bounded variation using an approximation procedure like Glimm's scheme. This amounts to constructing a solution with initial data consisting of three states
,
, and
. Usually, this analysis is done for the states which are in a small neighborhood of a fixed state. Here, we get an explicit formula for the solution of the system when the data lie in the level sets of Riemann invariants. The speciality of the work is that we do not assume smallness conditions on the initial data.
Approximate solution for a fractional BVP under Ψ‐Riemann–Liouville operators via iterative method and artificial neural networks
Authors: Chinoune Hanane , Tellab Brahim , Bensayah Abdallah
Published: March 2023

In this work, we discussed the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a fractional boundary value problem involving the ‐Riemann–Liouville operators where we used Banach's fixed point theorem; after that, we applied an iterative method and artificial neural networks technique to solve our main problem. Finally, the approximate solution was plotted.
Liouville theorem and qualitative properties of solutions for an integral system
Authors: Li Ling , Liu Xiaoqian
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we are concerned with an integral system

where
. Base on the integrability of positive solutions, we obtain some Liouville theorems and the decay rates of positive solutions at infinity. In addition, we use the properties of the contraction map and the shrinking map to prove that
is Lipschitz continuous. In particular, the Serrin type condition is established, which plays an important role to classify the positive solutions.
Design of a compact magneto‐electric dipole antenna
Authors: Xu Yanhong , Zhou Mengli , Wang Anyi , Hou Jianqiang
Published: March 2023

In this letter, a compact magneto‐electric (ME) dipole antenna is designed and analyzed without compromising too much good performance of the ME dipole. In particular, the second‐order Minkowski‐like fractal structure is loaded on the planar electric dipole to effectively miniaturize the aperture size of the antenna. A prototype was fabricated and measured. The antenna volume is reduced by 24.6% when compared with the counterpart before the fractal. Meanwhile, the proposed antenna can achieve a bandwidth of 56% in terms of −10 dB ranging from 1.58 to 2.81 GHz. The radiation pattern of E‐ and H‐planes are basically identical. The cross‐polarization level is less than −25 dB, and the front‐to‐back ratio is larger than 14 dB. The maximum antenna gain can be up to 10.1 dBi. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
Otorhinologic Disorders in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Lu Nathan , Kacin Alexa J. , Shaffer Amber D. , Stapleton Amanda L.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Investigate incidence and natural history of otologic and sinonasal disease associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Study Design

Case series.

Setting

Tertiary care children's hospital.

Methods

Charts from consecutive children born 2000 to 2018 with a diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion, DiGeorge, or velocardiofacial syndrome based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐9 and ICD‐10 codes were reviewed. Otologic and rhinologic diagnoses and surgeries and immune and microbiologic laboratory findings were collected from the medical record.

Results

After the exclusion of patients with no 22q11.2 deletion (n = 101), otologic care at an outside hospital (n = 59), and loss to follow‐up prior to 3 years of age (n = 22), 128 were included. Males comprised 80 (62.5%) patients, 115 (89.8%) were white, and the median age at genetic confirmation of 22q11.2 deletion was 119 days (range 0 days to 14.6 years). Recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM), chronic otitis media with effusion, chronic rhinosinusitis, and recurrent acute sinusitis were diagnosed in 54 (42.2%), 37 (28.9%), 10 (7.8%), and 8 (6.3%), respectively. Tympanostomy tubes were placed in 49 (38.3%). Adenoidectomy and sinus surgery were performed in 38 (29.7%) and 4 (3.1%), respectively. Neither immunoglobulin nor cluster of differentiation deficiency increased the odds of RAOM diagnosis, tympanostomy tube placement, or chronic/recurrent sinusitis. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism in sinus cultures (4/13, 30.8%). Streptococcus pneumonia dominated otorrhea cultures (11/21, 52.4%).

Conclusion

Approximately half of children with 22q11.2 deletion may experience otologic disease that often requires surgical management. Future studies will utilize a larger cohort to examine the role of immunodeficiency in otologic and rhinologic disease in this population.
Fabrication of high‐strength magnetically responsive hydrogels by synergistic salting‐out and freezing–thawing and application of their shape deformation and swimming
Authors: Shu Zhen , Cao Qinglong , Muhammad Usman , Zhang Taoyi , Ji Wenxi , Chen Jing , Liu Cong , Wei Yun
Published: March 2023

Smart hydrogels have been known for their remarkable applications in various fields of research. Among these smart hydrogels, magnetically responsive hydrogels are more famous because of the ease of their manipulation and a much quicker magnetic response. However, many magnetic hydrogels exhibit fragile and brittle properties. In this study, a smart combination of salting‐out and cyclic freezing–thawing was utilized for the first time to deal with sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol based magnetic hydrogel. The optimized magnetic hydrogel has outstanding mechanical properties with 6.66 MPa at the elongation at break of 282%, Young's modulus of 2.51 MPa, and worked with extension at fracture Wext of 9.31 MJ m−3. The magnetic hydrogel could be easily controlled by magnet, such as swim freely in water when controlled by three‐dimensional electromagnetic field. All the results show that these newly fabricated magnetic hydrogel can also carry out many difficult tasks in terms of magnetic response mechanics. This type of tough and magnetically responsive hydrogels can be used for numerous applications such as in swimming robots, flexible gripper, bionic of natural cartilage.
New experimental evidence for pervasive dynamics in proteins
Authors: Zuiderweg Erik R.P. , Case David A.
Published: March 2023

There is ample computational, but only sparse experimental data suggesting that pico‐ns motions with 1 Å amplitude are pervasive in proteins in solution. Such motions, if present in reality, must deeply affect protein function and protein entropy. Several NMR relaxation experiments have provided insights into motions of proteins in solution, but they primarily report on azimuthal angle variations of vectors of covalently‐linked atoms. As such, these measurements are not sensitive to distance fluctuations, and cannot but under‐represent the dynamical properties of proteins. Here we analyze a novel NMR relaxation experiment to measure amide proton transverse relaxation rates in uniformly 15N labeled proteins, and present results for protein domain GB1 at 283 and 303 K. These relaxation rates depend on fluctuations of dipolar interactions between 1HN and many nearby protons on both the backbone and sidechains. Importantly, they also report on fluctuations in the distances between these protons. We obtained a large mismatch between rates computed from the crystal structure of GB1 and the experimental rates. But when the relaxation rates were calculated from a 200 ns molecular dynamics trajectory using a novel program suite, we obtained a substantial improvement in the correspondence of experimental and theoretical rates. As such, this work provides novel experimental evidence of widespread motions in proteins. Since the improvements are substantial, but not sufficient, this approach may also present a new benchmark to help improve the theoretical forcefields underlying the molecular dynamics calculations.