bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Satellite-Detected Urban Land Use Spatial Patterns Using Multidimensional Fractal Dimension Indices
Authors: Wu Hao , Sun Yurong , Shi Wenzhong , Chen Xiaoling , Fu Dongjie
Published: October 2013

Understanding the spatial patterns of urban land use at both the macro and the micro levels is a central issue in global change studies. Due to the nonlinear features associated with land use spatial patterns, it is currently necessary to provide some distinct analysis methods to analyze them across a range of remote sensing imagery resolutions. The objective of our study is to quantify urban land use patterns from various perspectives using multidimensional fractal methods. Three commonly used fractal dimensions, i.e., the boundary dimension, the radius dimension, and the information entropy dimension, are introduced as the typical indices to examine the complexity, centrality and balance of land use spatial patterns, respectively. Moreover, a new lacunarity dimension for describing the degree of self-organization of urban land use at the macro level is presented. A cloud-free Landsat ETM+ image acquired on 17 September 2010 was used to extract land use information in Wuhan, China. The results show that there are significant linear relationships represented by good statistical fitness related to these four indices. The results indicate that rapid urbanization has substantially affected the urban landscape pattern, and different land use types show different spatial patterns in response. This analysis reveals that multiple fractal/nonfractal indices provides a more comprehensive understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of urban land use spatial patterns than any single fractal dimension index. These findings can help us to gain deeper insight into the complex spatial patterns of urban land use.
The Use of Visual Decision Support Tools in an Interactive Stakeholder Analysis—Old Ports as New Magnets for Creative Urban Development
Authors: Kourtit Karima , Nijkamp Peter
Published: October 2013

Port cities are historically important breeding places of civilization and wealth, and act as attractive high-quality and sustainable places to live and work. They are core places for sustainable development for the entire spatial system as a result of their dynamism, which has in recent years reinforced their position as magnets in a spatial-economic force field. To understand and exploit this potential, the present study presents an analytical framework that links the opportunities provided by traditional port areas/cities to creative, resilient and sustainable urban development. Using evidence-based research, findings are presented from a case study by employing a stakeholder-based model—with interactive visual support tools as novel analysis methods—in a backcasting and forecasting exercise for sustainable development. The empirical study is carried out in and around the NDSM-area, a former dockyard in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Various future images were used—in an interactive assessment incorporating classes of important stakeholders—as strategic vehicles to identify important policy challenges, and to evaluate options for converting historical-cultural urban port landscapes into sustainable and creative hotspots, starting by reusing, recovering, and regenerating such areas. This approach helps to identify successful policy strategies, and to bring together different forms of expertise in order to resolve conflicts between the interests (or values) of a multiplicity of stakeholders, with a view to stimulating economic vitality in combination with meeting social needs and ensuring the conservation of eco-systems in redesigning old port areas. The results indicate that the interactive policy support tools developed for the case study are fit for purpose, and are instrumental in designing sustainable urban port areas.
Treatment with the Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor 4-Methylumbelliferone Suppresses SEB-Induced Lung Inflammation
Authors: McKallip Robert , Hagele Harriet , Uchakina Olga
Published: October 2013

Exposure to bacterial superantigens, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), can lead to the induction of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). To date, there are no known effective treatments for SEB-induced inflammation. In the current study we investigated the potential use of the hyaluronic acid synthase inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) on staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induced acute lung inflammation. Culturing SEB-activated immune cells with 4-MU led to reduced proliferation, reduced cytokine production as well as an increase in apoptosis when compared to untreated cells. Treatment of mice with 4-MU led to protection from SEB-induced lung injury. Specifically, 4-MU treatment led to a reduction in SEB-induced HA levels, reduction in lung permeability, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, these results suggest that use of 4-MU to target hyaluronic acid production may be an effective treatment for the inflammatory response following exposure to SEB.
Les métiers de la petite enfance à l’épreuve des horaires atypiques [Les leçons des structures expérimentales]
Authors: Eydoux Anne
Published: October 2013

La politique familiale soutient le développement de l’accueil des jeunes enfants à des horaires plus flexibles afin d’adapter l’offre au renouvellement des besoins des parents, surtout professionnels (horaires flexibles ou décalés) mais également sociaux (en lien notamment avec l’augmentation des familles monoparentales). Dans cette perspective sont encouragés non seulement le développement de l’accueil individuel au domicile d’un(e) assistant(e) maternel(le) mais aussi l’assouplissement des plages d’ouverture des structures collectives. Cependant, la question des conséquences pour les professionnels et les métiers de la petite enfance n’a pas été véritablement posée. Elle est ici abordée à partir d’une recherche menée dans des structures expérimentales d’accueil à horaires atypiques, auprès de professionnels travaillant à de tels horaires. En partant de la segmentation actuelle des métiers de la petite enfance, telle qu’elle est informée par la politique familiale, on montre comment ces expériences innovantes travaillent le champ professionnel de la petite enfance et en renouvellent la segmentation.
Territoires et subjectivités : les nouveaux défis de l’action sociale
Authors: Autès Michel
Published: October 2013

Territories and subjectivities : the new challenges of social action.

Social action has always been part of a local dynamic. The local focus is not the same, however, when central State policy is outlined locally or, as is the case today, when contributions must be made to the social cohesion of local political territories. The author therefore specifies the meaning of the concepts of « social action » and « territory » . Several themes are examined to analyse contemporary social action policies and their relations with local territories. Firstly, the theme of « intangible » territory which is developed around a policy action project. The issue of democratic pluralism raises the challenge for democracies of building a joint world shared by individuals who are increasingly urged to stand out from each other. The author then proposes a critical approach to the usual notions of « proximity » and «social bond » which accompany local social development. The new modes of « governmentality » arising from decentralisation are then considered. These analyses lead to a consideration of social action and its ultimate aims because from this side of political changes, social action is faced with a radical transformation of modes of subjectivation.
Rêvons d’une politique familiale idéale...
Authors: Commaille Jacques , Fagnani Jeanne , Ion Jacques , Messu Michel , Millard Éric , Monéger Françoise
Published: October 2013

Prolongeant les divers sujets de rétrospective ou de prospective publiés dans Recherches et Prévisions, des membres du comité éditorial ont été interrogés sur la politique familiale idéale. Par idéale, on entend la politique rêvée, espérée, bref, une politique qui n’est pas et ne sera sans doute jamais... Pour cet exercice, une formulation originale a été imaginée, inspirée des contes pour enfants : «Un beau soir – allez savoir pourquoi ! – vous rêvez que l’on vous confie le sort des politiques familiales… On vous a attribué pour cela un génie capable de lever toutes les limites et toutes les contraintes à votre pouvoir. Comme tout bon génie, il ne vous a donné cependant que trois voeux à exaucer... Le lendemain, à votre réveil, vous couchez par écrit ce rêve pour l’envoyer à Recherches et Prévisions » . Les auteurs qui ont accepté, en toute liberté à la fois de contenu, de style et de forme, de se plier à ces règles déroutantes pour des universitaires sont ici remerciés.
La théorie des quatre humeurs et des quatre tempéraments dans la tradition latine (Vindicien, Pseudo-Soranos) et une source grecque retrouvée
Authors: Jouanna Jacques
Published: October 2013

The aim of these paper is a new study of the relations between two latin texts (Vindicianus, Letter to Pentadius ; Pseudo-Soranos, Isagoge Saluberrrima) giving a postgalenic theory of the four humours (blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile) and a presentation of their greek source which was unpublished : the treatise On the pulse and the human mixture attributed to Hippocrates.
Les Lyciens, Xanthos et Rome dans la première moitié du 1er s. a. C. : nouvelles inscriptions
Authors: Baker Patrick , Thériault Gaétan
Published: October 2013

Edition and commentary of two recently discovered inscriptions of the town of Xanthos in Lycia.
Synthesis of enantiomerically pure N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arylamides via oxidative esterification
Authors: Raghunadh Akula , More Satish S , Chaitanya T Krishna , Kumar Yadla Sateesh , Meruva Suresh Babu , Rao L Vaikunta , Kumar U K Syam
Published: October 2013

A highly efficient synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S) and (R)-isomers of N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arylamides has been developed with good overall yields in a two step process. The key step involves the ring opening of the chiral epoxide with a nitrogen heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and further rearrangement to chiral N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arylamides in high yields and enantioselectivity. During the reaction, no erosion in chiral purity was observed.
Sequential Diels–Alder/[3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reactions of β-nitrostyrene with 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene
Authors: Wade Peter A , Pipic Alma , Zeller Matthias , Tsetsakos Panagiota
Published: October 2013

The tin(IV)-catalyzed reaction of β-nitrostyrene with (E)-3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene in toluene afforded two major nitronic ester cycloadducts in 27% and 29% yield that arise from the reaction at the less substituted diene double bond. Also present were four cycloadducts from the reaction at the higher substituted diene double bond, two of which were the formal cycloadducts of (Z)-3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene. A Friedel–Crafts alkylation product from the reaction of the diene, β-nitrostyrene, and toluene was also obtained in 10% yield. The tin(IV)-catalyzed reaction of β-nitrostyrene with (Z)-3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene in dichloromethane afforded four nitronic ester cycloadducts all derived from the reaction at the higher substituted double bond. One cycloadduct was isolated in 45% yield and two others are formal adducts of the E-isomer of the diene. The product formation in these reactions is consistent with a stepwise mechanism involving a zwitterionic intermediate. The initially isolated nitronic ester cycloadducts underwent tin(IV)-catalyzed interconversion, presumably via zwitterion intermediates. Cycloadducts derived from the reaction at the less substituted double bond of (E)-3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene underwent a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement on heating to afford 4-nitrocyclohexenes. Cycloadducts derived from the reaction at the higher substituted diene double bond of either diene failed to undergo a thermal rearrangement. Rates and success of the rearrangement are consistent with a concerted mechanism possessing a dipolar transition state. An initial assessment of substituent effects on the rearrangement process is presented.
Simulated Patients in Audiology Education: Student Reports
Authors: Naeve-Velguth Susan , Christensen Sara A. , Woods Suzanne
Published: October 2013

Background:Despite increased attention in recent years to audiology counseling education, students remain concerned about their abilities to interact with patients in challenging situations, such as when breaking difficult news. Simulated patients, or actors trained to portray
patients in clinical scenarios, have been used for many years in medical schools to teach and assess students' interpersonal skills, and are just beginning to be used in audiology programs. Although research suggests that medical students value simulated patient experiences, little is known
about whether the same is true for audiology students.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to survey audiology students who had completed a simulated patient counseling experience as part of their graduate coursework at Central Michigan University, to learn about their experiences
and views of this instructional format.Research Design:This study used descriptive and comparative statistics to report student observations and to determine if student responses to evaluative questions differed from chance.Study Sample:Study participants included 29 audiology
students who had completed a “breaking difficult news” simulated patient experience as part of their required graduate coursework in patient counseling.Data Collection and Analysis:Participants completed an online survey that included seven evaluative five-point Likert-scale
questions about their simulated patient counseling experience. Participants also completed one multiple-choice question on suggestions for future simulated-patient sessions.Results:For each of the seven evaluative questions, a majority of participants (76‐100%) responded positively,
agreeing or strongly agreeing that the experience was helpful to their learning. For each of these evaluative questions, a χ2 analysis revealed that the distribution of positive (i.e., strongly agree and agree) to nonpositive (i.e., neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree)
responses differed significantly from chance (p < .0001, df = 1). The results also indicated that when asked which of several suggested clinical scenarios would be helpful for future sessions, simulations of challenging patient types (i.e., hostile, rambling, and noncommunicative
patients) were supported by most (62‐90%) respondents.Conclusions:The results of the present study are consistent with findings of medical students' positive perceptions of simulated patient experiences as well as those previously reported for audiology students. Together, these
data support the continued use of simulated patients as a method of instruction for audiology counseling education for breaking difficult news, and suggest a potential value of using simulated patient interactions for training counseling skills in other clinical situations and scenarios.
Role of Hearing Aids in Tinnitus Intervention: A Scoping Review
Authors: Shekhawat Giriraj Singh , Searchfield Grant D. , Stinear Cathy M.
Published: October 2013

Background:Tinnitus can have a devastating impact on the quality of life of the sufferer. Although the mechanisms underpinning tinnitus remain uncertain, hearing loss is often associated with its onset, and hearing aids are among the most commonly used tools for its management.Purpose:To
conduct a scoping review to explore the role of hearing aids in tinnitus management.Research Design:Scoping review based on the six-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005).Study Sample:Relevant studies were identified using various databases (Scopus, Google Scholar, SpringerLink,
and PubMed) and hand searching of journals and a reference list of articles. Out of 277 shortlisted articles, 29 studies (18 research studies and 11 reviews) were chosen for charting of data based on their abstracts.Data Collection and Analysis:Tinnitus assessment measures used in studies
were recorded along with changes in their scores. Measures used in studies included the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ), Tinnitus Severity Index (TSI), Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ), German version of Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) of tinnitus intensity. Where possible Cohen's d effect size statistic was calculated.Results:Although the quality of evidence for hearing aids' effect on tinnitus is not strong, the weight of evidence (17 research studies for, 1 against)
suggests merit in using hearing aids for tinnitus management.Conclusions:The majority of studies reviewed support the use of hearing aids for tinnitus management. Clinicians should feel reassured that some evidence shows support for the use of hearing aids for treating tinnitus, but
there is still a need for stronger methodology and randomized control trials.
Differences in Sensation Level between the Widex SoundTracker and Two Real-Ear Analyzers
Authors: Oeding Kristi , Valente Michael
Published: October 2013

Background:SoundTracker is an algorithm in Widex's Compass fitting software that could potentially be used to estimate a patient's aided sensation level (SL). SoundTracker's accuracy of estimating a patient's SL has never been verified in comparison to SL measured with commercially
available real-ear analyzers.Purpose:Determine whether statistically significant differences are present between the estimated SL of the Widex SoundTracker software application and the measured SL of the Audioscan Verifit and Frye 6500 real-ear analyzers at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000
Hz.Research Design:This study used a randomized repeated measures design to determine differences in SL between SoundTracker and the Verifit and 6500.Study Sample:Ten subjects (N = 20 ears) were recruited who were experienced users of behind-the-ear hearing aids with conventional
vented earmolds and had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that was >30 dB HL below 1000 Hz and ≤70 dB HL to 4000 Hz.Data Collection and Analysis:Real-ear in-situ thresholds (dB sound pressure level [SPL]) and real-ear aided responses (REAR; dB SPL) were measured at 500, 1000,
2000, and 4000 Hz to determine differences in SL between SoundTracker, Verifit, and 6500. A three-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to determine differences between method (real-ear analyzers and SoundTracker), analyzer (Verifit and 6500), and frequency (500,
1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz).Results:Mean differences in measured SL for the Verifit and 6500 were ≤2 dB when compared to the estimated SL using SoundTracker. A statistically significant difference in SL was present between the Verifit and SoundTracker at 2000 Hz (p < 0.01),
but no significant differences were present at 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz. A statistically significant difference in SL was present between the 6500 and SoundTracker at 4000 Hz (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were present at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Mean differences in measured
SL between the real-ear analyzers (difference of SoundTracker SL minus Verifit SL compared to the difference of SoundTracker SL minus 6500 SL) were ≤2 dB with a statistically significant difference present at 2000 Hz (p < 0.01), but no statistically significant differences were
present at 500, 1000, or 4000 Hz.Conclusions:Nearly 85% of the differences between the estimated SoundTracker SL and the measured SLs of the Verifit and 6500 were ≤2 dB. Despite some limitations of this study, SoundTracker could be useful as a counseling tool to illustrate to patients
which sounds are audible or inaudible when unaided and aided.
Dichotic Assessment of Verbal Memory Function: Development and Validation of the Persian Version of Dichotic Verbal Memory Test
Authors: Aghamollaei Maryam , Jafari Zahra , Tahaei Aliakbar , Toufan Reyhane , Keyhani MohammadReza , Rahimzade Shadi , Esmaeili Mahdieh
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose:The Dichotic Verbal Memory Test (DVMT) is useful in detecting verbal memory deficits and differences in memory function between the brain hemispheres. The purpose of this study was to prepare the Persian version of DVMT, to obtain its results in 18- to
25-yr-old Iranian individuals, and to examine the ear, gender, and serial position effect.Research Design:The Persian version of DVMT consisted of 18 10-word lists. After preparing the 18 lists, content validity was assessed by a panel of eight experts and the equivalency of the lists
was evaluated. Then the words were recorded on CD in a dichotic mode such that 10 words were presented to one ear, with the same words reversed simultaneously presented to the other ear. Thereafter, it was performed on a sample of young, normal, Iranian individuals.Study Sample:Thirty
normal individuals (no history of neurological, ontological, or psychological diseases) with ages ranging from 18 to 25 yr were examined for evaluating the equivalency of the lists, and 110 subjects within the same age range participated in the final stage of the study to obtain the normative
data on the developed test.Results:There was no significant difference between the mean scores of the 18 developed lists (p > 0.05). The mean content validity index (CVI) score was .96. A significant difference was found between the mean score of the two ears (p <
0.05) and between female and male participants (p < 0.05).Conclusion:The Persian version of DVMT has good content validity and can be used for verbal memory assessment in Iranian young adults.
The Advantage of Knowing the Talker
Authors: Souza Pamela , Gehani Namita , Wright Richard , McCloy Daniel
Published: October 2013

Background:Many audiologists have observed a situation where a patient appears to understand something spoken by his or her spouse or a close friend but not the same information spoken by a stranger. However, it is not clear whether this observation reflects choice of communication
strategy or a true benefit derived from the talker's voice.Purpose:The current study measured the benefits of long-term talker familiarity for older individuals with hearing impairment in a variety of listening situations.Research Design:In Experiment 1, we measured speech recognition
with familiar and unfamiliar voices when the difficulty level was manipulated by varying levels of a speech-shaped background noise. In Experiment 2, we measured the benefit of a familiar voice when the background noise was other speech (informational masking).Study Sample:A group of
31 older listeners with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study. Fifteen of the participants served as talkers and 16 as listeners. In each case, the talker-listener pair for the familiar condition represented a close, long-term relationship (spouse or close friend).Data
Collection and Analysis:Speech-recognition scores were compared using controlled stimuli (low-context sentences) recorded by the study talkers. The sentences were presented in quiet and in two levels of speech-spectrum noise (Experiment 1) as well as in multitalker babble (Experiment 2).
Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare performance between the familiar and unfamiliar talkers, within and across conditions.Results:Listeners performed better when speech was produced by a talker familiar to them, whether that talker was in a quiet or noisy environment.
The advantage of the familiar talker was greater in a more adverse listening situation (i.e., in the highest level of background noise) but was similar for speech-spectrum noise and multitalker babble.Conclusions:The present data support a frequent clinical observation: listeners can
understand their spouse better than a stranger. This effect was present for all our participants and occurred under strictly controlled conditions in which the only possible cue was the voice itself, rather than under normal communicative conditions where listener accommodation strategies
on the part of the talker may confound the measurable benefit. The magnitude of the effect was larger than shown for short-term familiarity in previous work. This suggests that older listeners with hearing loss who inherently operate under deficient auditory conditions can benefit from experience
with the voice characteristics of a long-term communication partner over many years of a relationship.
Extended High-Frequency Thresholds in College Students: Effects of Music Player Use and Other Recreational Noise
Authors: Le Prell Colleen G. , Spankovich Christopher , Lobariñas Edward , Griffiths Scott K.
Published: October 2013

Background:Human hearing is sensitive to sounds from as low as 20 Hz to as high as 20,000 Hz in normal ears. However, clinical tests of human hearing rarely include extended high-frequency (EHF) threshold assessments, at frequencies extending beyond 8000 Hz. EHF thresholds have
been suggested for use monitoring the earliest effects of noise on the inner ear, although the clinical usefulness of EHF threshold testing is not well established for this purpose.Purpose:The primary objective of this study was to determine if EHF thresholds in healthy, young adult
college students vary as a function of recreational noise exposure.Research Design:A retrospective analysis of a laboratory database was conducted; all participants with both EHF threshold testing and noise history data were included. The potential for “preclinical” EHF
deficits was assessed based on the measured thresholds, with the noise surveys used to estimate recreational noise exposure.Study Sample:EHF thresholds measured during participation in other ongoing studies were available from 87 participants (34 male and 53 female); all participants
had hearing within normal clinical limits (≤25 HL) at conventional frequencies (0.25‐8 kHz).Results:EHF thresholds closely matched standard reference thresholds [ANSI S3.6 (1996) Annex C]. There were statistically reliable threshold differences in participants who used music
players, with 3‐6 dB worse thresholds at the highest test frequencies (10‐16 kHz) in participants who reported long-term use of music player devices (>5 yr), or higher listening levels during music player use.Conclusions:It should be possible to detect small changes
in high-frequency hearing for patients or participants who undergo repeated testing at periodic intervals. However, the increased population-level variability in thresholds at the highest frequencies will make it difficult to identify the presence of small but potentially important deficits
in otherwise normal-hearing individuals who do not have previously established baseline data.
La défense normopathique ou la tendance normopathique utilisée comme défense
Authors: Desveaux Jean-Baptiste
Published: October 2013

À partir de clinique adolescente, l’auteur présente la notion de tendance normopathique . Les grandes lignes en sont une altération du processus d’intégration, troublant les capacités d’auto-perception du moi, du fait du surinvestissement des processus de pensée, dissociés de leur valence affective. Est abordé comment l’altération des perceptions de ses processus de perception des pensées limite les capacités de relation à son self en tant qu’objet. Cette tendance normopathique , lorsqu’elle est organisée en une défense structurée, dite défense normopathique, clôt le fonctionnement de l’individu afin de le préserver de la crainte de la folie.
Conteneurs et metaconteneurs
Authors: Kaës René
Published: October 2013

Après avoir situé les contributions de Bion, de Pichon-Rivière et de Bleger à la question de la contenance avec les concepts de contenant-contenu, de dépôt et de cadre, l’auteur propose de considérer la fonction contenante comme l’association de ces trois concepts. Puis il propose de considérer la fonction conteneur comme l’articulation de la contenance avec les processus de transformation. La fonction conteneur s’applique au travail de pensée et au processus thérapeutique dans la cure et dans les groupes. Cette fonction suppose l’existence de dispositifs psychiques, sociaux et culturels qui, dans une position méta, en assure les conditions de possibilité.
Sur l'objet et le conflit esthétique
Authors: Meltzer Donald
Published: October 2013

Dans ce texte l’auteur s’interroge sur la structure du monde psychique et sa complexité qui suppose que les objets internes ne soient pas seulement de bons objets, mais des objets pensant soumis à un processus de développement. Frappé par la continuité entre des conduites observables in utero et des conduites post-natales, il fait l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’expérience de la naissance est essentiellement une expérience émotionnelle pour le bébé, ébloui par la « beauté du monde » et incertain quant l’intérieur des objets. Le conflit esthétique est cet écart entre l’impact sur le psychisme du bébé de la beauté de l’extérieur de l’objet et l’inconnu de ce qu’il recèle à l’intérieur.
Promoting organizational citizenship behaviors: the mediating role of intrinsic work motivation
Authors: Battistelli Adalgisa , Galletta Maura , Portoghese Igor , Pohl Sabine , Odoardi Carlo
Published: October 2013

Promotion des comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle : le rôle médiateur de la motivation intrinsèque au travail Guidés par les théories de l’échange social et de l’auto-détermination, nous avons testé un modèle dans lequel la motivation autodéterminée agit comme un facteur médiateur dans la relation entre, d’une part, les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (CCOs) et d’autre part, des caractéristiques organisationnelles (soutien organisationnel perçu) et des attitudes au travail (attachement affectif). Un total de 590 infirmières de deux hôpitaux italiens a participé à l’étude. Un échantillon de 327 infirmières a été utilisé pour vérifier le rôle médiateur de la motivation intrinsèque (Hypothèse 1). Afin de soutenir que la médiation ne fonctionne que pour la motivation intrinsèque, un autre échantillon de 263 infirmières a été utilisé pour tester le rôle médiateur de la motivation extrinsèque (Hypothèse 2). Les résultats indiquent que l’attachement affectif et le soutien organisationnel perçu (SOP) étaient différemment et directement liés aux comportements de citoyenneté, et indirectement liés par le biais de la motivation intrinsèque, qui était une variable importante de médiation. En effet, les résultats pour l’hypothèse 2 ont montré que la motivation extrinsèque n’était pas un médiateur de la relation entre, d’une part les CCOs et d’autre part, l’attachement affectif et le SOP. Ceci vient à l’appui de l’hypothèse 1. Les résultats de cette étude fournissent des suggestions importantes en termes de stratégies de gestion des ressources humaines qui pourraient contribuer à améliorer le SOP, l’attachement émotionnel et la motivation intrinsèque afin d’obtenir des employés citoyens. En conclusion, nous considérons les conséquences pratiques de nos résultats pour les salariés et les organisations.
The importance of improving intuition for research in young academics
Authors: Senanayake Gamini
Published: October 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jur.v1i1.6149Journal of the University of Ruhuna 2013 1(1) : 3-9
Agronomic characters of some traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranawake A L , Amarasingha U G S , Dahanayake N
Published: October 2013

Grain yield in rice is a complex trait and highly dependent on the other agronomic characters. Agronomic characters and grain yield of twenty traditional rice cultivars were evaluated at Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna in Maha-2010/2011 and in Yala - 2011. The experiment was conducted according to the randomized complete block design with three replicates. Twenty plants from each cultivar were evaluated for the selected characters, Plant height, Leaf blade length, Leaf blade width, Number of tillers, Number of reproductive tillers, Panicle length, Number of spikelets per panicle, Number of fertile spikelets per panicle, Number of infertile spikelets per panicle, Seed length, Seed width, 100 seed weight and Yield per plant. Recommended modern rice cultivar Bg 379/2 was used as the reference. Deviations of each character in different traditional rice cultivars from those of recommended rice cultivar Bg 379/2 were recorded. The average plant height of the tallest rice cultivar, Podihatatha was 198 cm and that of the shortest rice cultivar, Rathranwee was 68 cm. The longest leafblade and longest culm length were also belonged to (9.6 tillers per plant) and the highest average number of reproductive tillers (9 per plant), were recorded by rice cultivar Mahasudu wee. The highest value of 100 seed weight was recorded by rice cultivar Galpa wee. However, the most important economical character, the highest yield per plant(28.52g/plant) was recorded by Thanthiribalan which was significantly higher than that of in the recommended rice cultivar Bg 379/2 (26.5 g/plant). Significant correlations were found between the yield per plant and the characters such as number of reproductive tillers (r = 0.692), panicle length (r =0.565) and number of spikelets per panicle (r = 0.761). Agronomic data collected in the present study would be important to understand the suitability of an individual rice cultivar for the farmer field. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jur.v1i1.6150 Journal of the University of Ruhuna 2013 1(1): 3-9
Identification of ploidy levels of in vitro grown purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)
Authors: Dahanayake N , Yue-Sheng Y
Published: October 2013

Echinacea purpurea L. (Purple coneflower- Asteraceae) is one of the important medicinal herbs. In this study, three morphologically different types, haploid, diploid and tetraploid plantlets, were clearly identified using in vitro grown E. purpurea plantlets. Although all the rooted plants were almost the same height and possessed of almost the same number of leaves, diploid and tetraploid showed evidently sturdier roots while haploids had slimmer roots. Roots of diploids and tetraploids showed prominent differences; roots of tetraploids were shorter, thicker and darker in colour and with many lateral roots than those of diploids. The difference in the thickness of the roots could be distinguished as early as day 10-15, few days after growing out of adventitious roots. There were no significant differences in flowering time among haploids, diploids and tetraploids grown normally in the field and flowered within 5 months. There were no prominent morphological differences to be identified between E. purpurea haploids, diploids and tetraploids plant leaves either under in vitro or in vivo conditions. Size of stomata on leaves varied even within the same leaf. However, significant differences of the size of stomata could be found among haploids, diploids and tetraploids. The average length of stomata of diploid plants was 122.60 μm and that of tetraploid and haploid plants were 137.59 μm and 72.41 μm, respectively. Overall, tetraploids possessed longer and wider stomata. E. purpurea haploid has 11 chromosomes with smaller cells; diploid has 22 chromosomes and tetraploid has 44 chromosomes with comparatively larger cells than haploid and diploid plants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jur.v1i1.6156 Journal of the University of Ruhuna 2013 1(1): 17-21
Interaction of CD99 with Its Paralog CD99L2 Positively Regulates CD99L2 Trafficking to Cell Surfaces
Authors: Nam Giri , Lee Young-Kwan , Lee Hye Yeong , Ma Min Jung , Araki Masatake , Araki Kimi , Lee Seungbok , Lee Im-Soon , Choi Eun Young
Published: October 2013

Mouse CD99 and its paralog CD99-like 2 (CD99L2) are surface proteins implicated in cellular adhesion and migration. Although their distributions overlap in a wide variety of cells, their physical/functional relationship is currently unknown. In this study, we show the interaction between the two molecules and its consequence for membrane trafficking of mouse (m)CD99L2. The interaction was analyzed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation, immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays. When coexpressed, mCD99 formed heterodimers with mCD99L2, as well as homodimers, and the heterodimers were localized more efficiently at the plasma membrane than were the homodimers. Their interaction was cytoplasmic domain–dependent and enhanced mCD99L2 trafficking to the plasma membrane regardless of whether it was transiently overexpressed or endogenously expressed. Surface levels of endogenous mCD99L2 were markedly low on thymocytes, splenic leukocytes, and CTL lines derived from CD99-deficient mice. Importantly, the surface levels of mCD99L2 on mCD99-deficient cells recovered significantly when wild-type mCD99 was exogenously introduced, but they remained low when a cytoplasmic domain mutant of mCD99 was introduced. Our results demonstrate a novel role for mCD99 in membrane trafficking of mCD99L2, providing useful insights into controlling transendothelial migration of leukocytes.
Tissue LyC6− Macrophages Are Generated in the Absence of Circulating LyC6− Monocytes and Nur77 in a Model of Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Varga Tamas , Mounier Rémi , Gogolak Peter , Poliska Szilard , Chazaud Bénédicte , Nagy Laszlo
Published: October 2013

There are several open questions regarding the origin, development, and differentiation of subpopulations of monocytes, macrophages (MFs), and dendritic cells. It is a particularly intriguing question how circulating monocyte subsets develop and contribute to the generation of steady-state and inflammatory tissue MF pools and which transcriptional mechanisms contribute to these processes. In this study, we took advantage of a genetic model in which LyC6− circulating monocyte development is severely diminished due to the lack of the nuclear receptor, NUR77. We show that, in a mouse model of skeletal muscle injury and regeneration, the accumulation of leukocytes and the generation of LyC6+ and LyC6− MF pools are intact in the absence of circulating LyC6− blood monocytes. These data suggest that NUR77, which is required for LyC6− blood monocyte development, is expressed but not critically required for LyC6+ to LyC6− tissue MF specification. Moreover, these observations support a model according to which tissue macrophage subtype specification is distinct from that of circulating monocytes. Lastly, our data show that in the used sterile inflammation model tissue LyC6− MFs are derived from LyC6+ cells.
Glacial Lake history, southern interior plateau, British Columbia
Authors: Fulton R J
Published: October 2013

Like most major drainage basins of the Interior Plateau of southern British Columbia, the Nicola, Thompson, Shuswap and North Okanagan basins contained glacial lakes during the ice retreat that followed the Fraser Glaciation climax. The Nicola Basin was occupied
by three glacial lakes: glacial Lake Quilchena which drained south, followed by glacial Lake Hamilton which drained east, and, finally, glacial Lake Merritt which drained north. The Thompson Basin contained glacial Lake Thompson and glacial Lake Deadman, both of which drained to the east. In the
course of their history, these lakes stood at various levels that were controlled by the retreat of ice from a series of valleys leading to the Okanagan Valley. The North Okanagan Basin was occupied by one main lake: glacial Lake Penticton. During the early deglaciation period, however, a small
lake, separated by ice from the main lake, occupied the Coldstream Creeli valley. All stages of glacial Lake Penticton drained south, the level of each being controlled by dams of ice or debris and by isostatic tilting. Rvo major glacial lakes formed in the Shuslvap Basin: glacial Lake Thompson
which was continuous with a glacial lake in the Thompson Basin, and glacial Lake Shuswap, several stages of which were continuous with glacial Lake Penticton in the North Okanagan Basin. Both these lakes drained into the Oltanagan Valley. Deglaciation of the Interior Plateau was well advanced by
9.750 B. P. and by 8,900 B. P. all ice had melted and the glacial lakes had been drained.
Statistical applications in the earth sciences
Authors: Agterberg F P , Bonham-Carter G F
Published: October 2013

Soils with high content of copper in the Kiruna region, northern Sweden, are known ta correspond ta open grass areas with the flower "Viscaria Alpina". Such locations also occur at two different Cu­orebodies, Viscaria and central Pahtohavare. A study of the metal
effect on vegetation has been per­formed using satellite data, a digital elevation model and vegetation mapping from air photos. The result from the study is integrated with other geological information to provide a priority of the targets.
Advances in Ordovician Geology
Authors: Barnes C R , Williams S H
Published: October 2013

The series of the Ordovician System in the Anglo-Welsh area have been a standard reference in Ordovician chronostratigraphy for many years, and should remain so in the interest of a common language for international use. Their original definition was not in
accord with modern stratigraphic precision, and to this end it is necessary to redefine bases for the series within continuous sequences. Such sequences have been identified for the bases of ail the series. Even though there are breaks in the succession locally or in the original type areas, these
shortcomings are minimized by considering these other sections in the Anglo-Welsh area as potential stratotypes. The Anglo-Welsh faunas include widespread taxa virtually throughout the Ordovician, which permit international correlation; the monographic coverage of these faunas compares with that
from anywhere in the world. lt is thought to be possible to modify the horizon at which series boundaries were drawn originally in the interests of international correlation, as long as nomenclature is conserved. The possible stratotypes for bases of the series of the Ordovician System in the type
area are reviewed briefly, and new faunal logs are given where necessary. The base of the Tremadoc is taken at an horizon coincident with the appearance of nematophorous graptolites, the only practicable horizon in the type area. The base of the Arenig poses particular problems because of the poorly
fossiliferous nature of available sections. However, newly discovered sections in the Lake District indicate that there may have been ,w major break in sedimentation at the top of the Tremadoc. Afossiliferous mixed graptolite-trilobite section is available for the base of the Llanvirn. Although
there are candidates for the base of the Llandeilo (current usage), the comparative brevity of this series suggests that it may be better united with the Llanvirn to form a new, combined series commensurate in extent with the other series of the Ordovician. The name Llandeilo could be retained for
this new concept. The Llanvirn could also be retained as the earlier stage within it, and a new stage name, for which the Dyneforian is suggested, proposed for the later part, equivalent to some or al! of the traditional Llandeilo; Just how much will de pend on the definition of the base of the
Caradoc, for which three possibilities are proposed as a basis for discussion. The base of the Ashgill has been located precisely in a section in the Murthwaite Inlier, Cautley, which is proposed as a suitable international type section.
New observations on the geology of eastern Ellesmere Island, Canadian Arctic, part III: Cambro-Ordovician stratigraphy of the Dobbin Bay, Scoresby Bay, and Franklin Pierce Bay areas
Authors: de Freitas T
Published: October 2013

Fieldwork in east-central Ellesmere Island has confirmed the regional extent of many lower Paleozoic formations, including the Kennedy Channel, Ella Bay, Dallas Bugt, Kane Basin, Scoresby Bay, Parrish Glacier, and Cass Fjord formations. Two regionally extensive,
unconformity- bounded members are recognized within the Scoresby Bay Formation. The lower member is within the lower Bonnia- Olenellus Zone and the upper member is within the upper part of the same zone. Other newly documented age data include the occurrence of Ehmaniella Zone trilobites in the
basal part of the Parrish Glacier Formation, indicating an age slightly younger than that in the type section. The base of the Cass Fjord Formation is within the Cedaria-Crepicephalus Zone, which is the same age as that established from east-central Ellesmere Island. The base of member two of the
Cass Fjord Formation is slightly older than established elsewhere and rests within the Taenicephalus Zone.
New observations on the geology of eastern Ellesmere Island, Canadian Arctic, part IV: Cambro-Ordovician stratigraphy of the Rawlings Bay area and nunataks of the Agassiz Ice Cap
Authors: de Freitas T
Published: October 2013

The Scoresby Bay Formation is the same age as established at the type section and adjacent areas. The formation is divisible into two parts: the upper part contains a lower limestone interval yielding upper Olenellus Zone trilobites. Zebroid structures are a
characteristic feature of the formation throughout most of east-central Ellesmere Island. Some zebroid fractures contain isopachous and massive pyrite and abundant hydrothermal dolomite.
Four distinct members of the Parrish Glacier Formation are recognized. Member 1, at the base, is an open-marine limestone with common, trilobite-bearing grainstone. Member 2 is a slope and basinal facies calcareous siltstone. Member 3 is a variegated unit consisting of slope facies olistostromes and
shelf-margin oolitic grainstone and thrombolite boundstone. Member 4 consists of restricted-shelf limestone and dolostone and a few continental redbeds. These four members have yielded trilobites ranging from the Glossopleura or Albertella Zone to Bolaspidella Zone.
Gestion des données de forage à l'aide d'une approche topologique : application au projet de cartographie hydrogéologique du piémont laurentien, Québec
Authors: Boisvert E , Michaud Y
Published: October 2013

Database structures used to manage borehole information are generally minimalistic and poorly adapted for this usage. Often, they allow for management of only part of the wealth of data that can be extracted from borehole logs, and the associated data structure
does not adequately represent the spatial organization of the information. A new data structure is proposed that uses GIS strategies and allows for better management of the complexity of borehole information. This structure, centered on the concept of "contacts", solves the main problems related to
the management of point and line data and provides better control on the integrity of the information.
Electrical characteristics of mineralized and nonmineralized rocks at the Stratmat deposit, Bathurst mining camp, New Brunswick
Authors: Connell S , Katsube T J , Best M E , Goodfellow W D , Mwenifumbo J
Published: October 2013

Laboratory measurements have been carried out on 27 mineralized and nonmineralized rock samples from the Stratmat massive sulphide deposit, in order to determine the electrical characteristics of the sulphides and their host rocks. The purpose is to provide
information to assist in the interpretation of airborne, ground, and borehole electromagnetic surveys in the Bathurst mining camp.
Results indicate that the bulk electrical resistivity (rr) values are in the range of <1.0 to 3.5x104 W.m. Electrical resistivity anisotropies (l) observed are relatively small, with the maximum l value being 10:1 for a moderately foliated massive sulphide sample. This is in contrast with
previous findings (e.g. l>1000:1). The host rock samples (e.g. tuff, argillite) displayed l values of 2:1 to 10:1. One such sample (l=8:1) contained some fine-grained disseminated sulphides concentrated along the foliation and yielded rr values of 1.72x103 and 14.60x103 W.m in the
directions parallel and perpendicular to the foliation, respectively.