bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Booklet terhadap Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang pada Ibu Balita Gizi Kurang di Kelurahan Semanggi Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon Kota Surakarta
Authors: Pratiwi Yessie Finandita , Puspitasari Dyah Intan
Published: September 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan media booklet terhadap pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada ibu balita gizi kurang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest posttest with control group. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 60 ibu balita, yang dibagi menjadi 30 ibu balita pada kelompok eskperimen dan 30 ibu balita pada kelompok kontrol. Pengetahuan dinilai dari hasil pretest dan posttest. Kelompok eksperimen diberikan metode ceramah dengan menggunakan media booklet. Kelompok kontrol diberikan metode ceramah tanpa menggunakan media booklet. Hasil uji wilcoxon signed rank test bahwa pengetahuan gizi awal dan akhir pada kelompok kontrol terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,000), pada kelompok eksperimen pengetahuan gizi awal dan akhir memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,000). Hasil uji independent t-test tidak terdapat peningkatan yang bermakna pada selisih nilai pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen (p=0,114). Secara statistik, tidak terdapat efektivitas dalam penggunaan media booklet  terhadap pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada ibu balita gizi kurang tetapi terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata 4,8 pada kelompok eksperimen.
Pengaruh Penambahan Sari Buah Nanas (Ananas Comosus) terhadap Jumlah Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dan Nilai pH Soyghurt
Authors: Wardani Emiliya Kusuma , Zulaekah Siti , Purwani Eni
Published: September 2018

Penambahan sari buah nanas pada soyghurt dapat meningkatkan mutu organoleptik soyghurt. Sari buah nanas mengandung gula yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas bakteri asam laktat (BAL). Sari buah nanas ditambahkan untuk memperbaiki citarasa soyghurt. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sari buah nanas terhadap jumlah bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan nilai pH soyghurt. Penelitian dilakukan dengan konsentrasi sari buah nanas pada pembuatan soyghurt dengan variasi konsentrasi 0%, 15% dan 30%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh penambahan sari buah nanas terhadap jumlah bakteri asam laktat (BAL) soyghurt dan kecenderungan adanya pengaruh penambahan sari buah nanas terhadap nilai pH soyghurt. Jumlah bakteri asam laktat (BAL) tertinggi diberikan oleh soyghurt dengan penambahan sari buah nanas pada konsentrasi 0% yaitu 2,88 x 14108">  CFU/ml. Nilai pH tertinggi diberikan oleh soyghurt dengan penambahan sari buah nanas pada konsentrasi 0% yaitu 4,15.
Hubungan Motivasi Diri dan Pengetahuan Gizi terhadap Kepatuhan Diet DM pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II Rawat Jalan di RSUD Karanganyar
Authors: Risti Khairunnisa Nadya , Isnaeni Farida Nur
Published: September 2018

Faktor pendukung keberhasilan menjalankan terapi diet bagi penderita diabetes mellitus yaitu motivasi diri dan pengetahuan gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi diri dan pengetahuan gizi terhadap kepatuhan diet DM pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II rawat jalan di RSUD Karanganyar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 52 responden yang diperoleh dengan cara accidental sampling. Data motivasi diri, pengetahuan gizi, dan kepatuhan diet didapatkan dari hasil kuesioner. Analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Sebagian besar responden memiliki motivasi diri baik (51,7%), memiliki pengetahuan gizi baik (48,1%), dan patuh menjalankan diet (57,7%). Ada hubungan antara motivasi diri dengan kepatuhan diet DM pada pasien DM tipe II rawat jalan di RSUD Karanganyar, dengan nilai p=0,002 (OR= 6,222; 95% CI= 1,836-21,090). Tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi dengan kepatuhan diet DM pada pasien DM tipe II rawat jalan di RSUD Karanganyar, dengan nilai p=0,376 (OR= 1,651; 95% CI= 0,543-5,020).
Strategi Bertahan Agama Djawa Sunda (ADS) Cigugur
Authors: Qodim Husnul
Published: September 2018

The local religion is one of the themes that is still important for the study. One of the local religions in West Java is Agama Djawa Sunda (Religion of Java Sunda). As a religious community in Indonesia, Agama Djawa Sunda (ADS) community is minority group category, beside they faced the prohibition from the state; they also received the discriminative acts from the majority groups. The question is how the strategy of ADS community to maintain their beliefs existence after the state prohibition. The research is qualitative approach using descriptive method. The data collection techniques are using field in-depth interview, observation and literary study related to the topic. The result of research concluded that ADS community has succeeded to maintain their beliefs existence from any threats and challenges of the majority group. There are three strategies to maintain: first, they have obeyed the state prohibition and converted under the subordination of formal religion, but they voiced for negotiating infinitely (‘voice’); second, they have reorganized repeatedly based on the ‘secure’ situation and the context of power played; third, they have reconstructed their early identity to a new identity, in early as the identity of beliefs being to the identity of custom.
İlkokul Dördüncü Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Yazma Eğilimleri, Tutumları ile Yazma Başarıları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ULU Hacer
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma eğilim ve tutumları ile yazma başarıları arasındaki ilişkiyi ve öğrencilerin yazmaya ilişkin eğilim ve yazma tutumlarının yazma başarısını ne oranda yordadığını incelemektir. İlişkisel tarama modeline göre desenlenen araştırmaya tesadüfî örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 274 öğrenci katılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmada araştırma sorularına yanıt arayabilmek için gerekli olan veriler Yazma Eğilimi Ölçeği (İşeri ve Ünal, 2010), Yazma Tutum Ölçeği (Susar-Kırmızı, 2009) ve Yaratıcı Yazma Ölçeği (Öztürk, 2007) ile toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin yazdıkları hikâyelerin organizasyon (=1.27), kelime zenginliği (=1.04), orijinallik (=1.03), cümle yapısı ve yazı tarzı (=.79), düşüncelerin akıcılığı (=.78), düşüncelerin esnekliği (=.61) ve dil bilgisi kurallarına uygunluğu (=.21) açısından yeterli düzeyde olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı analiz tekniği ile çoklu regresyon analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, yazma eğilim ve tutumu yazma başarısının önemli yordayıcısıdır (R=.275; R2=.076) [F(1.95)=3.11, p<.01]. Yazma eğilim ve tutumu yazma başarısının %.076’sını açıklamaktadır. Yazma eğiliminin güven boyutunun yazma başarısını pozitif ve anlamlı etkilediği (r=.259, p<.05) tespit edilirken yazma eğiliminin diğer alt boyutları ile yazma tutumunun alt boyutlarının yazma başarısını pozitif etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. 
Selçuklu Bilişsel Eğitim Programının Çocukların Farklı Beceri Alanlarına Etkisine İlişkin Uygulayıcı Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleri
Authors: TÜRKOĞLU Bengü
Published: September 2018

Selçuklu Bilişsel Eğitim Programı (SEBEP) uygulayıcısı olan sınıf öğretmenlerinin programın çocukların farklı beceri alanlarına etkisine ilişkin görüşlerini tespit etmek için yapılan bu çalışma nitel bir araştırmadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseniyle gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu oranlı küme örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen Cahit Zarifoğlu İlkokulu’nda görev yapan 20 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Amaçlı örneklem yöntemlerinden benzeşik örnekleme yöntemine uygun olarak sınıf öğretmenlerinden çalışma grubu seçilmiştir. Araştırmada, veri toplama aracı olarak açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme formundaki açık uçlu sorulara verilen cevapların analizi, “betimsel analiz” kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre sınıf öğretmenleri Selçuklu Bilişsel Eğitim Programı’nın çocukların farklı beceri alanları üzerinde oldukça etkili bir program olduğunu düşünmektedir. Sınıf öğretmenleri bu programın başta çocukların bilişsel ve sosyal becerileri olmak üzere iletişim, duygusal ve konuşma becerileri üzerinde de etkili olduğunu ifade etmektedir. 
Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Yapılandırılmamış Oyuna İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZGÜNLÜ Merve , VEZİROĞLU ÇELİK Mefharet
Published: September 2018

 Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin eğitim uygulamalarına ve yapılandırılmamış (serbest) oyuna ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek ve çocukların oyunlarına dahil olma durumlarını incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında, okul öncesi öğretmenlerine, ilgili literatür ve uzman görüşleri ile hazırlanan “Oyun Değerlendirme Fromu” verilmiş; veriler betimsel analiz yöntemleri ve Spearman Korelasyon Analizi ile test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, öğretmenlerin oyunu bir öğrenme yöntemi, çocuğun kendini ifade etme biçimi, eğlence aracı ve gelişim destekçisi olarak tanımladıkları belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin yapılandırılmamış oyunlar esnasında fiziksel ortamı hazırlayan, oyun başlatan, gözlemci, oyun arkadaşı ve problem çözücü rollerini üstlenerek çocukların oyunlarına dahil oldukları bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları ilgili literatür çerçevesinde ayrıntılı bir şekilde tartışılmıştır. 
Variação temporal e espacial da artropodofauna associada a Ipomoea carnea subs. fistulosa (Convolvulaceae) em um ecossistema de Floresta Tropical Seca
Authors: Silva dos Santos Martins Joanny Kelly , De Souza Luciana Soares , Carneiro Andreia Garcia , De Almeida-Cortez Jarcilene Silva
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as variações espaciais e temporais que ocorrem nas interações multitróficas em Ipomoea carnea subs. fistulosa em duas áreas de Caatinga. Para tanto foram realizados inventários de herbívoros florais e foliares, polinizadores, inimigos naturais dos herbívoros e parasitoides associados a Ipomoea carnea subs. fistulosa ao longo de oito meses em uma área de Caatinga mais preservada, rodeada por uma reserva natural, tratando-se de uma fazenda com manutenção biodinâmica em Santa Terezinha, Paraíba (área preservada). E outra área antropizada de ecossistema urbano na cidade de Patos, Paraíba (área urbana). A área preservada apresentou uma maior abundância e riqueza para cada nível trófico. Enquanto que na área urbana houve uma significativa redução de riqueza e abundância de artrópodes, ocorrendo diferentes espécies diferentes em ambas as áreas, com maior riqueza e complexidade de interações na área preservada. Além disso, não houve registro de parasitoides na área urbana, de modo que na área preservada houveram herbívoros, predadores e parasitoides, enquanto que na área urbana houveram apenas herbívoros e predadores, representados por poucas espécies. Assim, podemos afirmar que em ambientes fragmentados que sofrem intensa ação antrópica, pode ocorrer uma redução na densidade e riqueza em espécie, assim como uma alteração na estrutura e dinâmica das comunidades de plantas e as interações a cerca delas, o que justifica o padrão de abundância e riqueza de espécies registrado. Assim a alta velocidade de destruição de florestas tropicais secas, exige o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação e uso sustentável dos fragmentos remanescentes.
Effect of patellar luxation on radiographic measurements of tibial plateau angle in small-breed dogs
Authors: Orencole Michael J. , Nylund Adam M. , Moorer Jeremiah D. , Wills Robert W. , Witsberger Tige H.
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine whether medial patellar luxation would affect radiographic tibial plateau angle (TPA) measurements in small-breed dogs.

DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study.

ANIMALS 15 small-breed dogs (25 stifle joints) with grade 2 or 3 medial patellar luxation (5 dogs with unilateral luxation and 10 dogs with bilateral luxation).

PROCEDURES Digital mediolateral radiographic images of each affected stifle joint were acquired with the patella in manually reduced (n = 25) and luxated (25) positions. In 2 measurement sessions separated by > 48 hours, 3 observers unaware of patella status (luxated or reduced) measured the TPA in each image twice in random order. Mixed linear modeling was performed to determine the effect of patella status on TPA measurements, and intraobserver and interobserver variation in measurements were calculated.

RESULTS TPA measurements by all observers differed significantly between the first and second measurement sessions, but by a mean value of only 0.7°. A few significant differences were identified between 1 pair of observers by patella status and between patella statuses for 1 observer, but all mean differences were ≤ 1.7°. No significant difference in intraobserver variation was identified between patella statuses for any observer. Interobserver variation was not affected by patella status and measurement session.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although some significant differences were identified in radiographic TPA measurements in dogs with medial patellar luxation, depending on whether the patella was luxated or manually reduced, these differences were so small they could be considered clinically unimportant. Consequently, we believe that in small-breed dogs with patellar luxation, patella status would be unlikely to have a clinically meaningful effect on the measured TPA.
Outcomes of nonsurgical treatment for congenital thoracic vertebral body malformations in dogs: 13 cases (2009–2016)
Authors: Wyatt Sophie , Gonçalves Rita , Gutierrez-Quintana Rodrigo , De Decker Steven
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE To characterize outcomes following nonsurgical treatment of congenital thoracic vertebral body malformations causing neurologic deficits in dogs.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 13 client-owned dogs treated nonsurgically for congenital thoracic vertebral body malformations at 3 veterinary referral hospitals from June 2009 through May 2016.

PROCEDURES Data were extracted from the medical records regarding dog signalment, duration and type of clinical signs before referral, general physical and neurologic examination findings, radiographic and MRI findings, and treatments provided after diagnosis. Follow-up data were obtained from records of recheck examinations and via a standardized owner questionnaire.

RESULTS All included dogs were screw-tail brachycephalic breeds with a median age of 6 months. All dogs had ambulatory paraparesis and ataxia, and in 1 dog, signs of spinal hyperesthesia could be elicited. Nonsurgical treatments consisted of restricted exercise without (n = 5) or with (3) physiotherapy, physiotherapy without restricted exercise (3), and no exercise modification (2). Seven dogs received additional nonsurgical treatment consisting of prednisolone (n = 5) or gabapentin (2). Four dogs were eventually euthanized because of progressive neurologic deterioration, 2 underwent surgery for the same reason, and the remaining 7 dogs survived for ≥ 170 days after diagnosis, despite progressive neurologic deterioration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nonsurgical treatment of congenital thoracic vertebral body malformations was associated with an unfavorable outcome in this group of dogs. Despite this treatment, all dogs had progression of clinical signs.
The Devil in the Deep: Expanding the Known Habitat of a Rare and Protected Fish
Authors: Fetterplace Lachlan C. , Turnbull John W. , Knott Nathan A. , Hardy Natasha A.
Published: September 2018

The accepted geographic range of a species is related to both opportunity and effort in sampling that range. In deepwater ecosystems where human access is limited, the geographic ranges of many marine species are likely to be underestimated. A chance recording from baited cameras deployed on deep uncharted reef revealed an eastern blue devil fish (Paraplesiops bleekeri) at a depth of 51 m and more than 2 km further down the continental shelf slope than previously observed. This is the first verifiable observation of eastern blue devil fish, a protected and endemic southeastern Australian temperate reef species, at depths greater than the typically accepted depth range of 30 m. Knowledge on the ecology of this and many other reef species is indeed often limited to shallow coastal reefs, which are easily accessible by divers and researchers. Suitable habitat for many reef species appears to exist on deeper offshore reefs but is likely being overlooked due to the logistics of conducting research on these often uncharted habitats. On the basis of our observation at a depth of 51 m and observations by recreational fishers catching eastern blue devil fishes on deep offshore reefs, we suggest that the current depth range of eastern blue devil fish is being underestimated at 30 m. We also observed several common reef species well outside of their accepted depth range. Notably, immaculate damsel (Mecaenichthys immaculatus), red morwong (Cheilodactylus fuscus), mado (Atypichthys strigatus), white-ear (Parma microlepis) and silver sweep (Scorpis lineolata) were abundant and recorded in a number of locations at up to a depth of at least 55 m. This underestimation of depth potentially represents a large area of deep offshore reefs and micro-habitats out on the continental shelf that could contribute to the resilience of eastern blue devil fish to extinction risk and contribute to the resilience of many reef species to climate change
Non-native Amphibian Pet Trade via Internet in Poland
Authors: Kaczmarski Mikołaj , Kolenda Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

Overharvesting and trade in amphibian populations is one of the causes of their global decline. Online trade not only encourages the exploitation of an increasing number of rare and endangered amphibian species from all over the world but also influences the spread of invasive species. The aim of our research was to investigate the amphibian pet trade conducted in online stores and portals in Poland and determine its potential impact on native species. Between November 2013 and October 2014, we regularly (on a monthly basis) checked sale offers on the websites of the 18 biggest pet shops in the country specialised in exotic animals, on a nationwide auction portal and on three exotic pet fan portals. During the study, we reported 486 offers of 112 amphibian species in online stores and on portals. Most of the offers involved one of the four families of amphibians: poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae), tree frogs (Hylidae), true toads (Bufonidae) and true salamanders (Salamandridae). Our data show increased interest in amphibians as pets in Poland. At least half of the offered species are possible hosts for the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. However, only one species, the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802), appears to be a potential invasive species. To summarise, the species offered in Poland that are characterised as threatened are predominantly those that are relatively easy to breed and that are popular as pets. Further studies are required to investigate the real threat to wild amphibian populations caused by the pet trade
Singapore as a Creative City: vignettes from the perspective of la flâneuse tropique
Authors: Chaudhury Sneha , Lundberg Anita
Published: September 2018

The tropical metropolis of Singapore is on a quest to become a creative city. Its policies explicate the need to transform into a ‘renaissance city’, a global hub of creative industries and economies. Yet, for Singapore – better known for its panoptic rather than creative imaginary – the question remains ‘how does the government’s policy of creativity translate on the ground?’ As a theory and method of critically meandering through the city in order to participate and observe quotidian practices at the street level, flânerie offers a way of engaging and contributing to an ethnography of urban life. This paper explores flânerie through the perspective of the female flâneuse. Two vignettes – one concerning heritage and the other graffiti – provide thick descriptions of encounters with creative practices in Singapore.
Evaluation of acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of ethanolic root extract of Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr., an ethnomedicinal plant used by the Kani tribe of Kerala
Authors: Nair Ragesh R
Published: September 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the acute oral and sub-acute toxicity of ethanolic root extract of Tetracera akara in Swiss albino mice and Wistar rats. Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr. has been used as traditional medicine by the Kani tribe of Kerala to cure liver diseases. In acute toxicity studies, four groups of mice (n = 5/group/sex) were orally treated with doses of 0.625 g, 1.25 g, 2.5 g and 5.0 g/kg and mortality were recorded. In the sub-acute toxicity study, animals received T. akara extract at the doses of 0.1 g, 0.5 g and 2.5 g/kg/day (n = 5/group/sex) for 28 days, biochemical, hematological, morphological and histopathological parameters were determined. T. akara did not produce any mortality in the acute toxicity studies, showing LD50 higher than 5 g/kg. Sub-acute treatment with T. akara didn’t cause any changes in body weight gain, hematological, biochemical profiles when compared to normal control. In addition, no changes in morphological and histopathological aspect of organs were observed in the animals. Taking all factors into consideration, administration of Tetracera akara does not produce acute toxicity in Swiss albino mice or sub-acute toxicity in Wistar rats, suggesting it’s safe use by humans.
Folklore use of Osbeckia species from Munnar hills, Kerala
Authors: Lawarence Bosco
Published: September 2018

The genus Osbeckia of Melastomataceae was named by Carl Linnaeus, for the Swedish explorer and naturalist Pehr Osbeck. Osbeckias are native to Eastern Asia and found in China, Japan, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka and Australasia. Most species were documented as herbal remedies for curing many human diseases. In India the genus comprises about 22 species out of which 12 species are reported from Kerala. Most of the species are small shrubs and have gained medicinal status in folklore belief from India, China, and Indonesia. Ethnopharmacologically, the leaves, shoots, barks, seeds, and roots of Melastomataceae members have been used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhoids, cuts and wounds, toothache, and stomachache. The coloured floral extracts of various genera also revealed wide pharmacological actions such as anti-nociceptive, anti-in?ammatory, wound healing, antidiarrhoeal, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. Many phytochemical constituents including anthocyanins were isolated and identified from different parts of Melastoma and Memycylon species. Thus, the aim of this survey is to present comprehensive information on ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities of Osbeckia species from Kerala. Floral extracts of most of the Osbeckia species contain substantial levels of phenols and anthocyanin. This data validate the folklore use of various species to cure many human disorders. Future studies are planned to evaluate the biological potentialities in terms of anthocyanin profile using in vitro cultures of the species such as O. aspera and O. reticulata.
Indigenous artificial limb of Bombax ceiba L. (Bombacaceae) wood-A novel ethnobotanical use
Authors: Jain Vartika
Published: September 2018

Bombax ceiba L. (Semal) is a large, deciduous tree which is very popular among indigenous communities for its multidimensional importance. It is not only a part of various socio-cultural rituals and traditions but also a part of ethnomedicine. Its wood, silk-cotton and seed-oil are very valuable in commerce. The present communication is about documentation of a novel use of wood of B. ceiba for preparation of an artificial limb from a tribal dominated region Kotra, near Udaipur, Rajasthan. This use of its wood has been reported for the first time and opens up the newer avenues to utilize the economic potential of the tree as a novel bio-resource.
ANALISIS ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Marshella Yuricke , Hasanah Karuniawati
Published: September 2018

This study uses descriptive studies with the aim to provide an overview of the aspects that are relevant in this case to help managers make decisions for the company. The subject of this research is a Sharia Commercial Bank registered with the Financial Services Authority. The instruments in this study are quarterly financial reports from Sharia Commercial Bank. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis.The results showed that Bank Muamalat pioneered the sharia banks in creating EVA but in 2016 and 2017 experienced a decline in economic value to not add value. This can happen because the muamalat decreases earnings to increase the amount of debt in the company. While the BJB bank does not create much added value even EVA is obtained is always negative this can be influenced by the amount of profit less than the amount of debt high enough, this can trigger kurannya interest shareholeder to invest in the bank.

Keywords: Sharia Commercial Bank, Economic Value Added
Grand-Canonical Approach to Density Functional Theory of Electrocatalytic Systems: Thermodynamics of Solid-Liquid Interfaces at Constant Ion and Electrode Potentials
Authors: Melander Marko , Kuisma Mikael , Christensen Thorbjørn , Honkala Karoliina
Published: September 2018

Properties of solid-liquid interfaces are of immense importance for electrocatalytic and electrochemical systems but modelling such interfaces at the atomic level presents a serious challenge and approaches beyond standard methodologies are needed. An atomistic computational scheme needs treat at least part of the system quantum mechanically to include adsorption and reactions while the entire system is in thermal equilibrium. The experimentally relevant macroscopic control variables are temperature, electrode potential, choice of the solvent and ions and these need to be explicitly included in the computational model as well; this calls for an thermodynamic ensemble with fixed ion and electrode potentials. In this work a general framework within density functional theory with fixed electron and ion chemical potentials in the grand canonical ensemble is established for modelling electrocatalytic and electrochemical interfaces. Starting from a fully quantum mechanical description of nuclei and electrons, a systematic coarse-graining is employed to establish various computational schemes including i) the combination of classical and electronic density functional theories within the grand canonical ensemble and ii) on the simplest level a chemically and physically sound way to obtain the (modified) Poisson-Boltzmann (mPB) implicit solvent model. The detailed and rigorous derivation clearly establishes which approximations are needed for coarse-graining as well as highlights which details and interactions are omitted in vein of computational feasibility. The transparent approximations also allow removing some the constraints and coarse-graining if needed. We implement various mPB models in the GPAW code and test their capabilities to model capacitance of electrochemical interfaces as well as study different approaches for modelling partly periodic charged systems. Our rigorous and well-defined DFT coarse-graining scheme to continuum electrolytes highlights the inadequacy of current linear dielectric models for treating properties of the electrochemical interface.
Small Molecule Permeation Across Membrane Channels: Chemical Modification to Quantify Transport Across OmpF
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Bafna Jayesh Arun , Bhamidimarri Satya Prathyusha , Winterhalter Mathias
Published: September 2018

Biological channels facilitate the exchange of small molecules across membranes, but surprisingly there is a lack of general tools for the identification and quantification of transport (i.e., translocation and binding). Analyzing the ion current fluctuation of a typical channel with its constriction region in the middle does not allow a direct conclusion on successful transport. For this, we created an additional barrier acting as a molecular counter at the exit of the channel. To identify permeation, we mainly read the molecule residence time in the channel lumen as the indicator whether the molecule reached the exit of the channel. As an example, here we use the well-studied porin, OmpF, an outer membrane channel from E. coli. Inspection of the channel structure suggests that aspartic acid at position 181 is located below the constriction region (CR) and we subsequently mutated this residue to cysteine, where else cysteine free and functionalized it by covalent binding with 2-sulfonatoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSES) or the larger glutathione (GLT) blockers. Using the dwell time as the signal for transport, we found that both mono-arginine and tri-arginine permeation process is prolonged by 20% and 50% respectively through OmpFE181CMTSES, while the larger sized blocker modification OmpFE181CGLT drastically decreased the permeation of mono-arginine by 9-fold and even blocked the pathway of the tri-arginine. In case of the hepta-arginine as substrate, both chemical modifications led to an identical ‘blocked’ pattern observed by the dwell time of ion current fluctuation of the OmpFwt. As an instance for antibiotic permeation, we analyzed norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent. The modulation of the interaction dwell time suggests possible successful permeation of norfloxacin across OmpFwt. This approach may discriminate blockages from translocation events for a wide range of substrates. A potential application could be screening for scaffolds to improve the permeability of antibiotics.
Concepções de avaliação e práticas avaliativas: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Freitas Sirley Leite , Ninke Angélica , Miguel José Carlos
Published: September 2018

Essa pesquisa pretende demonstrar a realidade da avaliação da aprendizagem na visão de teóricos da avaliação e de profissionais de escolas públicas. Foi elaborada mediante pesquisa teórica abordando principalmente a visão de Hoffmann e Luckesi e trabalho de campo por meio da aplicação de um questionário em que 14 professores responderam a três perguntas a respeito da avaliação. A articulação entre teoria e prática traz relevância e atualidade no tema abordado. Constata-se que avaliação no modelo de exame deveria ter sido alterada para a avaliação da aprendizagem sendo feita de modo contínuo e com métodos diferenciados, pois é o que rege a atual Lei das Diretrizes e Base da Educação Nacional – LDB. No entanto, após 40 anos da primeira LDB ainda se nota mais o tradicionalismo nas escolas do que outras metodologias de ensino e práticas avaliativas. Nesta perspectiva, serão abordados desafios e possibilidades para a melhoria no processo de avaliação escolar na visão dos docentes e também de autores que tratam do assunto.
Arianna+: Scalable Human Activity Recognition by Reasoning with a Network of Ontologies
Authors: Kareem Syed Yusha , Buoncompagni Luca , Mastrogiovanni Fulvio
Published: September 2018

Aging population ratios are rising significantly. Meanwhile, smart home based health monitoring services are evolving rapidly to become a viable alternative to traditional healthcare solutions. Such services can augment qualitative analyses done by gerontologists with quantitative data. Hence, the recognition of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) has become an active domain of research in recent times. For a system to perform human activity recognition in a real-world environment, multiple requirements exist, such as scalability, robustness, ability to deal with uncertainty (e.g., missing sensor data), to operate with multi-occupants and to take into account their privacy and security. This paper attempts to address the requirements of scalability and robustness, by describing a reasoning mechanism based on modular spatial and/or temporal context models as a network of ontologies. The reasoning mechanism has been implemented in a smart home system referred to as Arianna+. The paper presents and discusses a use case, and experiments are performed on a simulated dataset, to showcase Arianna+'s modularity features, internal working, and computational performance. Results indicate scalability and robustness for human activity recognition processes.
Effect of fertilization and density on the survival rate and growth of post-larva of shrimp vaname (Litopenaues vannamei)
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati , Rochmady Rochmady
Published: September 2018

The aim of this research is to know the effect of fertilization and density on survival rate and the absolute growth of post-larvae of shrimp vanname (Litopenaeus vannamei). The study was conducted from 18 August to 5 September 2013 at Oensuli ponds, Kabangka, Muna Regency, Indonesia. The research used animal test of vaname shrimp stadium PL6, a fertilizer of Urea and TSP. The study used styrofoam container, 75 cm long, 37 cm wide, and 27 cm high. Research using Factorial RAL, fertilization and density used three levels, three replications, so that the experiment of 27 units. The fertilizer treatment consisted of no-fertilizer (Control), combination Urea 0.5 g/TSP 0.7 g (P2), combination Urea 0.7 g/TSP 0.9 g (P3). The density treatment consists of density 9 ind/container (Control), density 14 ind/container (KP2) and density 19 ind/container (KP3). Parameters observed survival rate (SR) and absolute growth (G). Data analysis using ANOVA (a0,05) with IBM SPSS Statistic 22. The results showed that fertilization and stocking density had a significant effect on survival and post larvae growth of vaname shrimp. The optimum use of 0.7 g/TSP 0.9 g urea per container. The optimum fertilizer composition of growth was Urea 0.5 g/TSP 0.7 g per container. The best survival rate through a combination of Urea 0.7 g/TSP 0.9 g, density 9 ind per container, equivalent Urea 26 kg/TSP 33 kg density 333.000 ind per ha. The best growth through a combination of Urea 0.5 g/TSP 0.7 g, density 9 ind per container or Urea 19 kg/TSP 26 kg, density 333.000 ind per ha.
Producción de lacasas de Pleurotus ostreatus en fermentación sumergida
Authors: Meza-Coyotzi Ana Patricia , Díaz-Godínez Rubén , Hernández-Domínguez Edna María , Díaz-Godínez Gerardo
Published: September 2018

Las lacasas han sido estudiadas desde hace años por su utilidad en aplicaciones de biorremediación, así como para su aplicación en la industria alimentaria, industria textil, industria de papel, etc., ya que al ser enzimas oxidoreductasas tienen la capacidad de oxidar compuestos fenólicos. Pleurotus ostreatus es un basidiomiceto de pudrición blanca, que tiene como parte de complejo multienzimático ligninolìtico a la lacasa y se ha reportado que tiene una elevada producción de la misma. Un método para obtenerla es la fermentación sumergida que consiste en desarrollar el microorganismo en un medio de cultivo líquido, que contenga los nutrientes necesarios.
Avaliação no Ensino Médio Politécnico como processo de construção de saber na relação professor-aluno
Authors: Bedin Everton , Del Pino José Claudio
Published: September 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as concepções docentes e discentes sobre as atividades avaliativas no Ensino Médio Politécnico, credenciando as contribuições dessa nova metodologia avaliativa na formação do sujeito crítico, reflexivo e autônomo, por meio da construção de saberes na relação professor-aluno. Fundamenta-se em dados de pesquisa coletados por meio de interações nas redes sociais e questionário estruturado com estudantes e professores do último ano do ensino médio. A análise ocorreu de forma qualiquantitativa, utilizando softwares, tabelas e interpretações que permitiram identificar os aspectos construtivistas na metodologia de avaliação para a qualificação dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem.Palavras-chave: Avaliação. Ensino Médio Politécnico. Relação professor-aluno.
ANALISIS STRATEGI MEMBANGUN BRAND IMAGE HALAL TOURISM KECAMATAN SAMBELIA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: M Muttaqillah , Abidin Zainal , Permadi Lalu Adi
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this research was to develop marketing communication strategy for building the brand image of halal tourism in Sambelia District of East Lombok Regency. The design used in this research based on qualitative approach. The results of this study indicated that marketing communication strategy already exists in building a brand image of halal tourism in Sambelia District, East Lombok Regency. Marketing communication strategy appropriately in accordance with the internal and external environmental conditions used to build a brand image of halal tourism in Sambelia District, East Lombok Regency is a Strategy of Development and Communication of Halal Tourism Market and Maintaining Variety of Tourism Attraction in East Lombok, Promotion Strategy with Branding Pesona Halal Lombok Timur and Marketing Communication Strategy with branding of Halal tourism for East Lombok either through internet and tourism exhibition.
Regional Trade and Food Price Stabilisation in South Asia: Policy Responses to the 2007-08 World Price Shocks
Authors: Paul A. Dorosh
Published: September 2018

World price shocks and disruptions in international cereal trade in 2007 and 2008 caused considerable anxiety and hardship for food importing countries throughout the world. In many countries, high international food prices raised import costs, reduced total supplies for consumers and ultimately led to lower real incomes and food consumption for poor households. In South Asia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and India were all affected by these movements in international prices, though the effects on domestic prices in each case was mitigated or exacerbated by each country’s own trade policies, as well as the trade policies of its neighbours. Prior to 2007, the general consensus among most economists and food policy analysts was that openness to international trade, particularly private sector trade, was the most efficient mechanism for stabilising domestic food prices and supplies. In light of the 2007-08 experience, however, many observers have concluded that international markets cannot be trusted and that countries should rely on their own domestic production to ensure national and household food security. This paper argues that liberalised international trade still provides the best mechanism for stabilising prices and food supplies in most years, but that appropriate contingency policies are needed for years in which international prices are extraordinarily high.1 More explicit commitments to cereal trade liberalisation within South Asia would also promote region-wide food security and help avoid a repetition of supply disruptions that raised food prices sharply in Afghanistan and Bangladesh. Section II of this paper briefly
Food Security in a Changing Climate
Authors: M. E. Tusneem
Published: September 2018

Agriculture sector is more vulnerable to climate change than other sectors of the economy as climate change is expected to cause higher variability in rainfall pattern, general reduction in precipitation in the arid and semi-arid regions and increase in the frequency of extreme events such as drought, floods, heat and frost. Agriculture production systems, therefore, have to cope with more variability in river water flows and temperature regimes, making food security susceptible to these variation. The less privileged people/farmers who are often located in the marginal production areas such as rainfed, coastal, and mountenace, are likely to be affected more by climate variability whether drought or floods, heat or frost. These changes in climate enhance the risk of crop failures and livestock morality thereby causing financial and economic losses and the risk of food insecurity.
Sticky Floors and Occupational Segregation: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ather Maqsood Ahmed  , Asma Hyder
Published: September 2018

Ever since the pioneering work on human capital modeling by Becker (1964) and Mincer (1974), estimation of earning potential and wage differentials in terms of differences in human capital endowments has been a favourite topic of research throughout the world. The empirical evidence has established, may be beyond doubt, that low returns are usually associated with low-level of human capital possessed by economic agents. Using appropriate controls for innate abilities, education, experience and training as primary determinants of human capital, the residual differential in wages among differentiated groups (on the basis of gender, race, and region) has often been characterised as discrimination [Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973)]. The empirical estimation made further advances when the issue of sample selection bias was also settled by Heckman (1980). More recently the focus of research has shifted from differentials measured at the conditional mean (average) value to measurement at different points of wage distribution to test the ‘glass ceiling and sticky floor’ hypothesis.1 Some of the studies where quantile regression approach of Koenker and Bassett (1978) and Buchinsky (1998) has been adopted include Bjorklund and Vroman (2001), Dolado and Llorens (2004), and Albrecht, Vuuren, and Vroman (2004). On the basis of this research, the glass ceiling hypothesis has received fair amount of empirical support in much of the developed world. On the other hand, the sticky floor hypothesis has only been observed in some of the countries located in the southern Europe. The focus of present study is on Pakistan with three main objectives. First, to investigate if analysis at the conditional mean is sufficient to explain wage differential or an extensive work covering different points of wage distribution is required to have proper insight to the issue. This would, in turn, enable us to determine which of the two hypotheses, i.e., the glass ceiling or the sticky floor, is prevalent in the country? For this purpose, gender wage differentials at different quantiles, i.e., 10th, 25th, median,
Determination of Credit Programme Participation and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Beneficiaries: Evidence from Sargodha
Authors: Syeda Rizwana Shah  , Aqsa Tabassam Bukhari
Published: September 2018

International literature asserts that “micro-finance” began alleviating poverty several decades ago when organisation in Latin America, Bangladesh, and other developing nations started testing the notions of lending small amounts to impoverished people (mostly women). Professor Mohammad Younis1 of Bangladesh and his Grameen Bank brought it on to the world stage and showed how effectively it could be used to change lives. Giving loans of as little as five dollars, Grameen brought millions in to the micro credit net and in doing so lifted people, particularly the rural poor, out of abject poverty [Ayesha (2007)]. By 1980, the success of such institutions prompted many NGO’s and International Organisations to provide micro-finance services.
The Effect of Corruption and Governance on Tax Revenues
Authors: Tahseen Ajaz  , Eatzaz Ahmad
Published: September 2018

Developing countries are typically unable to generate sufficient amount of revenue from taxation because these countries face a number of institutional problems in the process of revenue generation. One of the main problems is corruption in tax administration. The two important components of revenue generation are tax administration and tax system reforms [Brondolo, et al. (2008)]. The main objective of these is to increase the efficiency of tax administrations, specifically by reducing corruption and tax evasion. The second main problem of low revenue generation is political instabilities in developing countries. One of the important characteristics of political instability is unstable and governments and, hence, incoherent policy framework, which hinder in the process of long-term reforms in the system. The quality of governance as a whole is also relevant in this context. It is widely agreed that the presence of tax evasion and corruption of public officials is a social phenomenon that can significantly reduce tax revenue and seriously hurt economic growth and development.
Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Production: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Pervez Zamurrad Janjua  , Ghulam Samad
Published: September 2018

Atmospheric condition which remains for some days is called weather, whereas, if such condition prevails for a season, decade or a century, it is termed as climate. To keep the pace of growth fossil fuel has been used in order to meet the energy requirement. However, fossil fuel adds some gases in the atmosphere which are altering the climate with the passage of time.
Learning versus Working; Factors Affecting Adolescent Time Allocation in Pakistan
Authors: Cem Mete  , Cynthia B. Lloyd  , Naveeda Salam
Published: September 2018

This paper explores how family, school and community factors influence adolescents’ time allocation among market work, domestic work, learning and leisure. We model adolescents’ time use in a multivariate framework, using explanatory variables characterising the household as well as labour demand, school access and school quality at the district level. This research shows that the amount of time children spend working, whether at home or in the market, is strongly correlated with household poverty, as proxied by an asset index. Consistent with the literature on the predictors of school enrolments of adolescents, the time spent on learning is also significantly lower among the poor. In Pakistan the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) census poverty score database, which includes information on household assets, would be a very promising tool to target efforts to increase children’s time allocated to learning. JEL classification: D60, I24, I30
Keywords: Pakistan, Education, Child Labour.
Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Pakistan :Time Series Trends and Breakdown
Authors: Taseer Salahuddin  , Asad Zaman
Published: September 2018

In the recent literature, consensus has emerged that poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon; see Alkire and Santos (2010) for a review of the major arguments. Nonetheless, the most widely used measures of poverty remain unidimensional, being based on income or caloric intake cutoffs. The logic for the use of income based measures was that it was only lack of income which led to deprivation—with sufficient income; rational agents would automatically eliminate deprivations in all dimensions in the right sequence of priorities. However, careful studies like Thorbecke (2005) and Banerjee and Duflo (2006) show that this does not happen. Even while malnourished and underfed, the poor spend significant portions of their budgets on festivals, weddings, alcohol, tobacco and other non-essential items. The move from abstract theoretical speculation based on mathematical models of human behaviour to experiments and observations of actual behaviour has led to dramatic changes in the understanding of poverty and how to alleviate it. Some of these insights are encapsulated in a new approach to poverty advocated by Banerjee and Duflo (2011).
Cause and Prevention Measures of Concrete Cracks during the Construction of Road and Bridge Engineering
Authors: Yan Jingbo
Published: September 2018

Road and bridge engineering is an indispensable part of socialist economic construction in China, whose construction quality signifcantly affects the infrastructure construction level in the whole society. To meet the rapid economic development of various regions, construction scale and quantity of road and bridge engineering have been continuously expanded and increased, therefore, higher requirements for construction quality and construction standard are also presented. During the construction of road and bridge engineering, concrete crack is a key problem which affects the construction quality. In this regard, this paper analyzes cause and prevention measures of concrete cracks during the construction of road and bridge engineering, and hopes to provide construction personnel with valuable references.