bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the moisture ratio of Atama (Heinsia Crinita) leaves using artificial neural network (ANN)
Authors: Ekwere Inyang Uwem , James Bassey Victor
Published: January 2022

In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict the moisture ratio of atama (Heinsia crinita) dried under different drying temperatures of 40 0C, 50 0C, 60 0C, and 70 0C using a laboratory dry oven. The experimental data collected (140 data points in all) which was partitioned into three sets: training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) were modeled using artificial neural network (ANN), an Artificial Intelligence approach. The ANN model architecture of ANN (3 â€“ 4 - 1) used in this work was selected by trial-and-error approach. The input layer had three (3) inputs (drying rate, temperature, time), the hidden layer had four (4) neurons, and the output layer had one (1) output (moisture ratio). Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm was used for training the network, and TANSIG and Purelin transfer/activation functions were used for the hidden layer and output layer, respectively. The model had a learning rate of 0.7, and the number of epochs was set at 1000. The results obtained showed that the ANN methodology could precisely predict experimental data with high correlation coefficient (R-Squared) value of 0.9995 â€“ 0.9977 and low mean square error (RMSE) of 0.00052568, as the artificial neural network model more accurately predict the drying parameter (moisture ratio). The sensitivity analysis performed shows that temperature has the greatest impact on the moisture ratio of atama. From the finding, the ANN technology which is embedded in the neural toolbox of MATLAB mathematical software is indeed a tool of choice when it comes to the prediction of parameters of non-linear and complex processes like drying. The unique modelling technique and the model it evolved represent a huge step in the trajectory of achieving full automation of moisture ratio estimation which will increase the utilization of atama as well as other vegetables to curb the unending events of food spoilage currently plaguing the global food and agriculture industry.Â Â Â
On the compactification and reformation of string theory with three large atomic gravitational constants
Authors: V.S. Seshavatharam U. , Lakshminarayana S.
Published: January 2022

Scientists strongly believe that, String theory is empowered with good mathematics and smartly fits gravity in unification program. Point to be noted is that, by considering the Planck length as characteristic amplitude associated with strings, String theory advances its ideological representation. Very unfortunate thing is that, even though, originally, String theory was proposed for understanding â€˜strong interactionâ€™, as Planck length is 20 orders of magnitude less than the nuclear size, it is badly failing in explaining and predicting nuclear scale physical phenomena. Here, we would like to stress the point that, within the scope of observed materialistic physical systems, without addressing the roots of H-Bar and big G, it is impossible to construct a workable model of final unification. In this context, in our earlier publications, we proposed the existence of three large gravitational constants for the three atomic interactions. Based on the three large atomic gravitational constants, it is possible to have three different workable atomic Planck amplitudes and thus there is a possibility for reforming and compactifying the 10 dimensional String theory to 3+1 dimensions. Proceeding further, H-bar can be shown to be a characteristic outcome of the electroweak interaction and big G can be shown to be a characteristic outcome of the three atomic gravitational constants.Â Â Â
Optical 1-soliton solutions of Triki-Biswas equation by the First Integral Method and the sine-cosine Method
Authors: Subhaschandra Singh S.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the First Integral Method and the Sine-Cosine Method are being used in constructing optical 1-soliton solutions of Triki-Biswas Equation that plays a vital role in the study of soliton dynamics of sub-pico-second optical pulses in mono-mode optical fibers with non-Kerr law nonlinearity and subsequently some soliton and non-soliton solutions are formally obtained.Â Â
Seasonal rainfall variability and its correlation with potential drivers over Western Oromia
Authors: Ayele Alandu Kefiyalew , Terefe Zeleke Tadesse , Asfaw Afrassa Mesfin
Published: January 2022

Characterizing seasonal rainfall and identifying its association with the climate drivers are important to produce reliable seasonal climate forecasts of a given area. This study examined the rainfall variability and its relationships with SST, SLP and sunspot indices by statistical methods over Western Oromia. The regional is characterized by monomodal pattern of 60% seasonal rainfall contribution in Kiremt season. High temporal anomaly rainfall but no extremes were observed from 1981-2017. An insignificant decreasing Kiremt and Belg but, an increasing Bega trend was observed. ENSO and PDO/ DMI and AMO showed negative/ positive correlation with kiremt rainfall. ENSO, DMI and AMO showed positive correlation for belg rainfall whereas, PDO showed associated negatively for the most parts of the region. PSI to kiremt/Belg rainfall correlation showed significant positive/Negative spatial association over the western part (West Wolega and Illubabor) / the East part (Jimma & East wollega) of the region. The results showed that there is decreasing trends in rainfall anomalies for main rainy seasons of region and good correlations these various indices. Therefore, it is suggested that seasonal climate predictions may consider these large-scale determinants oscillation indices like AMO and PDO in predicting climatic events.Â Â
Neural oscillations under binocular rivalry: a brain activity pattern formation perspective
Authors: D. Frank T. , I. Galenko P.
Published: January 2022

Binocular rivalry is a phenomenon in which individuals react to two overlaid images that are presented to both eyes of the individuals as if the two images were presented one after each other in time in a repetitive fashion. Recently, human brain activity has been measured during binocular rivalry. Previously reported brain activity data was evaluated and modeled from a human pattern formation perspective that states that the human brain in binocular rivalry experiments acts as a neural self-oscillator. The neural self-oscillator forms and dissolves brain activity patterns related to the two images in an alternating, rhythmic self-organized fashion. Task-related oscillatory components hidden in the brain activity raw data were identified using power spectral analysis. Those oscillatory components were subsequently modelled using a previously developed mathematical model for brain activity self-oscillations. The identified task-related oscillatory components showed similar power spectrum functions for both brain activity patterns. A reciprocal relationship between the amplitudes of the two patterns was found. The oscillator model was able to reproduce the power spectrum functions when noisy perturbations were taken into account.Â Â
Squeezing properties of nondegenerate three-level laser with degenerate parametric amplifier
Authors: Getahun Misrak , Salih Edris
Published: January 2022

We study the squeezing properties of the light generated by nondegenerate three-level laser in which the three-level atoms are in cascade configuration with degenerate parametric oscillator. We obtain the c-number Langevin equations associated with the normal ordering using the pertinent master equation. Making use of the solutions of the c-number Langevin equations, we calculate the quadrature variances. The results show that the two-mode light produced by the system under consideration is in squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. The degree of squeezing increase with the linear gain coefficient and almost perfect squeezing can be obtained for large values of the linear gain coefficient and the atoms initially prepared in lower level slightly greater than in the upper level. Moreover, the presence of nonlinear crystal increases the degree of squeezing for single mode and two-mode lights.Â Â Â
The strong geometric lemma for intrinsic Lipschitz graphs in Heisenberg groups
Authors: Chousionis Vasileios , Li Sean , Young Robert
Published: January 2022

We show that the β-numbers of intrinsic Lipschitz graphs of Heisenberg groupsℍn{\mathbb{H}_{n}}are locally Carleson integrable whenn≥2{n\geq 2}. Our main bound uses a novel slicing argument to decompose intrinsic Lipschitz graphs into graphs of Lipschitz functions. A key ingredient in our proof is a Euclidean inequality that bounds the β-numbers of the original graph in terms of the β-numbers of many families of slices. This allows us to use recent work of Fässler and Orponen (2020) which asserts that Lipschitz functions satisfy a Dorronsoro inequality.
Perturbation analysis of 𝐿1‒2 method for robust sparse recovery
Authors: Wang Wendong
Published: January 2022

One of the crucial challenges in applying the theory of compressed sensing in practice is to cope with the perturbation caused by different types of unknown noise, which may arise from the physical implementation or the human mis-modeling.
In this paper, we study the robust recovery from a completely perturbed model via a recently popular

L

1
-
2

L_{1-2}

method.
By using the powerful restricted isometry constant of order

t
⁢
k

tk

for

t
>
1

t>1

, we first obtain a series of perturbation analysis results for this

L

1
-
2

L_{1-2}

method, which shows that this method is also able to guarantee a robust recovery for any (nearly) sparse signals when both the ideal observations and the exact measurement matrix are perturbed by the unknown noise.
Moreover, one of the established recovery conditions under the noise-free settings is also demonstrated to be much better than the state-of-the-art one.
Finally, some simulation experiments are further carried out to verify the effectiveness of this

L

1
-
2

L_{1-2}

method.
The Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence: Some Normative Concerns
Authors: Erman Eva , Furendal Markus
Published: January 2022

The creation of increasingly complex artificial intelligence (AI) systems raises urgent questions about their ethical and social impact on society. Since this impact ultimately depends on political decisions about normative issues, political philosophers can make valuable contributions by addressing such questions. Currently, AI development and application are to a large extent regulated through non-binding ethics guidelines penned by transnational entities. Assuming that the global governance of AI should be at least minimally democratic and fair, this paper sets out three desiderata that an account should satisfy when theorizing about what this means. We argue, first, that an analysis of democratic values, political entities and decision-making should be done in a holistic way; second, that fairness is not only about how AI systems treat individuals, but also about how the benefits and burdens of transformative AI are distributed; and finally, that justice requires that governance mechanisms are not limited to AI technology, but are incorporated into a range of basic institutions. Thus, rather than offering a substantive theory of democratic and fair AI governance, our contribution is metatheoretical: we propose a theoretical framework that sets up certain normative boundary conditions for a satisfactory account.
SOCIALINIŲ PASLAUGŲ PRIEINAMUMAS PSICHOSOCIALINĘ NEGALIĄ TURINTIEMS ASMENIMS: ANYKŠČIŲ RAJONO ATVEJIS
Authors: Merfeldaitė Odeta , Sabaliauskienė Gintarė , Gardziulevičienė Laura
Published: January 2022

meeting their needs is the social services. Individuals with psycho-social disabilities still experience social exclusion and a lack of services. The prevailing system of social services in Lithuania is more general, and less focused on the individual needs of a person with a disability. In order to ensure the functioning of a person with a psycho-social disability in public life, changes in the provision of social services are necessary. An important aspect is inter-institutional cooperation at all levels. In Lithuania, local government is responsible for the provision of social services. In this article, we analyse the accessibility of social services for people with psycho-social disabilities based on a case study. The results of the research reveal the availability and functioning of help for people with psycho-social disabilities in community life. The practical significance of the study is useful for improving the accessibility of services for people with psycho-social disabilities in the context of social inclusion in the community.
Targeting Neurons with Functional Oxytocin Receptors: A Novel Set of Simple Knock-In Mouse Lines for Oxytocin Receptor Visualization and Manipulation
Authors: Inoue Yukiko U. , Miwa Hideki , Hori Kei , Kaneko Ryosuke , Morimoto Yuki , Koike Eriko , Asami Junko , Kamijo Satoshi , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Hoshino Mikio , Inoue Takayoshi
Published: January 2022

The neuropeptide oxytocin (Oxt) plays important roles in modulating social behaviors. Oxt receptor (Oxtr) is abundantly expressed in the brain and its relationship to socio-behavioral controls has been extensively studied using mouse brains. Several genetic tools to visualize and/or manipulate Oxtr-expressing cells, such as fluorescent reporters and Cre recombinase drivers, have been generated by ES-cell based gene targeting or bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis. However, these mouse lines displayed some differences in their Oxtr expression profiles probably because of the complex context and integrity of their genomic configurations in each line. Here, we apply our sophisticated genome-editing techniques to theOxtrlocus, systematically generating a series of knock-in mouse lines, in which its endogenous transcriptional regulations are intactly preserved and evaluate their expression profiles to ensure the reliability of our new tools. We employ the epitope tagging strategy, with which C-terminally fused tags can be detected by highly specific antibodies, to successfully visualize the Oxtr protein distribution on the neural membrane with super-resolution imaging for the first time. By using T2A self-cleaving peptide sequences, we also induce proper expressions of tdTomato reporter, codon-improved Cre recombinase (iCre), and spatiotemporally inducible Cre-ERT2 in Oxtr-expressing neurons. Electrophysiological recordings from tdTomato-positive cells in the reporter mice support the validity of our tool design. Retro-orbital injections of AAV-PHP.eB vector into the Cre line further enabled visualization of recombinase activities in the appropriate brain regions. Moreover, the first-time Cre-ERT2 line drives Cre-mediated recombination in a spatiotemporally controlled manner on tamoxifen (TMX) administration. These tools thus provide an excellent resource for future functional studies in Oxt-responsive neurons and should prove of broad interest in the field.
Music and the Cybernetic Mundane
Authors: Drott Eric
Published: January 2022

Few intellectual movements have been as influential as cybernetics was in the 1950s and ’60s. Fewer still have seen their stock fall so precipitously in the years since. Despite the growing body of literature that has reassessed this postwar “cybernetics moment” (Hayles, Kline, Pickering, Medina, et al.), its far-reaching impact remains curiously underappreciated, especially as regards music. This article seeks to redress this neglect, by focusing not on works and practices that spectacularize cybernetics (the “cybernetic sublime”), but instead on those activities, discourses, and projects that so thoroughly internalized and normalized the cybernetic ethos that it eludes notice (the “cybernetic mundane”). A first case study considers the little-known role played by information theory and cybernetics in the design of the RCA Synthesizer, one of the first instruments of its ilk to be developed. Among other things, I contend that cybernetic thinking pervaded the instrument’s conception to such an extent that it paradoxically contributed to the subsequent erasure of its influence from accounts of the instrument’s development and subsequent implementation as part of the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center. The second case concerns more recent applications of cybernetic ideals to digital music distribution, exemplified by the platform Spotify, whose routinization of these ideals has ensured not just their persistence, but their persistent misrecognition.
Anti-Colonial Struggles on Air
Authors: Garbes Laura
Published: January 2022

Indigenous activists globally have used radio broadcast to directly challenge authority within colonial regimes. How has this use of sound by Indigenous activists advanced anti-colonial struggles? I analyze how Indigenous social actors use the medium of broadcast to draw sound into the social practice of anti-colonial struggle. I use two historical examples of anti-colonial radio programming: The Voice of Free Algeria, a program broadcast during the Algerian War for Independence from 1954 to 1962, and Radio Free Alcatraz, a program broadcast during the Indigenous-led occupation of the island of Alcatraz off the coast of California from 1969 to 1971. I find that in both anti-colonial struggles, the broadcasting process disrupted the colonial soundscape in three main ways. First, in recentering Indigenous voices as protagonists, the broadcasts decentered the dominant narrative of colonial powers. This perspectival shift threatened the existing order of non-Indigenous residents as the authorial voice. Second, in circumventing the state to air these two programs, the broadcasters rejected state authority to define and restrict Indigenous voices. Third, in conspiring with non-Indigenous outsiders to air the programs, the practice of broadcasting Indigenous voices contributed to a broader movement-building process. This collaboration involved non-Indigenous and settler actors in anti-colonial struggle. By using a socio-sonic, production-oriented analysis as the framework for understanding Indigenous soundwork, we can better identify related mechanisms across anti-colonial struggles.
Archiving Trash Radio in Québec City
Authors: Gagnon Simon-Olivier
Published: January 2022

Québec City’s talk radio stations have been the subject of controversy for decades. For nearly 10 years now, consistent grassroots efforts have been made to regulate the media discourse that circulates in the city. The coalition Sortons les radios-poubelles (which can be translated as Let’s Take Out the Trash Radios) has created an online archive that compiles thousands of audio documents about this controversial radio style. With a few postings per day both on its website and on social media, the coalition’s media activists put into context—sometimes with a mocking, ironic, and provoking tone—the deprecating remarks of radio hosts. In the course of recent events, these activists are now being prosecuted for their criticism of the trash radio culture. This commentary highlights the main aspects of the archival practice of these media activists. It seems important to recognize these alternative archival practices for social justice, for media regulation, as well as for understanding a social phenomenon over time.
Legados, herencias y rupturas en la literatura haitiana escrita por mujeres
Authors: Rebolledo Garrido Edith Aurora
Published: January 2022

En el presente trabajo se propone un análisis de una parte de la literatura haitiana escrita por mujeres. Este artículo se concentra particularmente en tres obras narrativas contemporáneas, que abordan la violencia de Estado durante el régimen duvalierista y sus efectos materiales y simbólicos en las familias haitianas dentro y fuera del país. Utilizando el concepto casa, entendido como el espacio material y simbólico de todas las relaciones de parentesco, se analizarán, de manera puntual, obras literarias de tres escritoras haitianas: Edwidge Danticat, Emmelie Prophète y Évelyne Trouillot. De igual manera, se hablará de cómo en estas obras literarias los progenitores transfieren a su descendencia tradiciones asimiladas por ellos mismos, y que han incorporado a sus vidas cotidianas.
Iterative learning control for impulsive multi-agent systems with varying trial lengths
Authors: Cao Xiaokai , Fečkan Michal , Shen Dong , Wang JinRong
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we introduce iterative learning control (ILC) schemes with varying trial lengths (VTL) to control impulsive multi-agent systems (I-MAS). We use domain alignment operator to characterize each tracking error to ensure that the error can completely update the control function during each iteration. Then we analyze the system’s uniform convergence to the target leader. Further, we use two local average operators to optimize the control function such that it can make full use of the iteration error. Finally, numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical results.
VIRIAL THEOREM LIMITATIONS FOR THE TOROIDAL MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE CAUSED BY THE LOCATION OF SUPPORT STRUCTURE ELEMENTS AND THEIR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Vasetsky Yu.M.
Published: January 2022

Based on the virial theorem, the influence of the following factors to characteristics of mechanical support systems of toroidal magnetic energy storage is considered: the configuration of the coils, the support system elements location under compressive forces, the mechanical properties of the material, the distribution of the cross-sectional areas of the support rings and the corresponding distribution of radial forces. It is established that the volume of structure requirement depends only on the radii from which the coils transmit forces to the support rings. The found general relation, in contrast to the existing ones, establishes a relationship between all the parameters that determine the volume of the support structures. The characteristics of support systems are analyzed both for identical mechanical stresses and for identical mechanical properties of all support elements. The characteristics for specific examples of toroidal systems with circular coils are found. It is shown that systems with support elements in compression located on the side of the vertical axis of the torus have a significantly smaller volume of structure compared to other locations. The influence of the relative radial size of the torus cross-section and the distribution of the cross-sectional areas of the support rings on the structure requirement is analyzed. The relationship between dimensionless characteristics that determine the volume of elements subjected to mechanical stresses of compression and tension is noted. References 37, figures 8, table 1.
FEATURES OF OPERATING MODES ANALYSIS OF THE POWER SYSTEM IN AREAS WITH ALTERNATIVE ELECTRIC POWER SOURCES (WIND POWER PLANTS)
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Denysiuk S.P. , Makhlin P.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Shram O.A. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Slynko V.M. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: January 2022

High growth of renewable energy sources in the energy system necessitate of balancing their variable power. The integration of the interconnected power grid of Ukraine into the pan-European energy system ENTSO-E provides for solution to the issue of increasing the flexibility of the Ukraine power grid and ensuring the stability of its operating modes. It is shown that the problem of ensuring the stability of operating modes of power systems is growed by the integration of powerful wind farms in power systems. In particular, issues of stability are becoming relevant for both the powerful renewable energy sources themselves and their impact on the stability of existing power plants operating in a compatible manner with these sources at the regional level. The simulations of electromechanical transients and the study of the power grid operating mode when the operation of the wind power plant changes has been carried out in the article. The issues of ensuring the oscillatory stability of the power system at the regional level and ensuring the reliability of power supply in an extreme case - with a sudden shutdown of the wind power plant are considered. The change in power in the main transmission lines and its reverse, the dependence of the voltage in the network, the angles of the rotors of the generators of the nearest power plants and their slippage are investigated in the work. References 14, figures 4, tables 3.
On asymptotically optimal cubatures for multidimensional Sobolev spaces
Authors: Babenko V.F. , Babenko Yu.V. , Kovalenko O.V.
Published: January 2022

We find an asymptotically optimal method of recovery of the weighted integral for the classes of multivariate functions that are defined via restrictions on their (distributional) gradient.
A tale that never loses in the telling: Considerations for the shifting ethnobaseline based on artisanal fisher records from the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Santos Sérgio Ricardo , Chagas Macedo Márcio Luís , Rodrigues Maciel Thaís , Barros Gonçalves Souza Gabriel , Da Silva Almeida Laís , Fazzano Gadig Otto Bismarck , Vianna Marcelo
Published: January 2022

An ethnoichthyological survey was conducted with fishers from traditional communities distributed between the Região dos Lagos and the northern Fluminense region, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study was developed based on semi-structured interviews, with fishers with at least 30 years of experience. Fishers were asked about changes noted for the biological communities with which they interact with, such as reports concerning abundance changes, the disappearance of certain species or the insertion of new ones, as well as weight and size changes. The reported ethno-names were confirmed at the specific level whenever possible through photographs and complementary descriptions. Eighty-five fishers aged between 39 to 83 years old were interviewed. Fishing activity times ranged from 30 to 68 years, averaging 40.6 years. Fishers reported differing estimates from what was expected according to the known length-weight relationship for the reported species. In general, length estimates were closer to the expected for medium-sized fish from 0.3 m to 1 m. Sixty-nine ethno-names and their variations were identified, associated with 58 fish categories. Of this total, denominations were associated to 47 local fauna species or genera, while one ethno-name was not linked to any taxonomic identification. This study is the result of research financed by the Brazilian Fund for Biodiversity and the Pescarte Environmental Education Project, a mitigation measure required by the Federal Environmental Licensing, conducted by IBAMA.
Web of Science como herramienta de investigación y apoyo a la actividad científica: luces y sombras de sus colecciones, productos e indicadores
Authors: Gregorio Chaviano Orlando , López Mesa Evony Katherine , Limaymanta Cesar H.
Published: January 2022

Se realiza una descripción de las colecciones, productos e indicadores bibliométricos de Web of Science, con especial énfasis en su utilidad e importancia en actividades de evaluación científica. Se exponen además sus principales limitaciones de cobertura y de indicadores, que impactan en el análisis de la producción científica en países y/o regiones periféricas y en áreas del conocimiento con menor representación en la fuente. También se comentan los aportes específicos de la base de datos en las distintas actividades y fases de la investigación científica como investigadores, revistas, grupos editoriales y bibliotecas. En concreto, se muestra el volumen de datos, se detallan sus colecciones, productos e indicadores, junto a la valoración de algunos aspectos en lo positivo y negativo. Se realizan comparativos con otras fuentes de información existentes en el mercado de la investigación científica y que igualmente permiten la realización de investigación bibliométrica, brindando al lector una importante caracterización de la herramienta y sus competidores, que ayude a conocer sus perspectivas de uso dentro del escenario de investigación. Las ideas desarrolladas y sistematizadas en el texto, permiten concluir que, a pesar de la relevancia de la misma para la actividad científica en distintos niveles y agregados, los sesgos de sus indicadores, la imposibilidad de acceso a la fuente en muchas instituciones y la existencia de otras herramientas con similares prestaciones y facilidades de uso, son aspectos que se deben tener en cuenta porque inciden en su aplicación, uso futuro y permanencia en el ecosistema de investigación.
Gestores de referencias bibliográficas y su impacto en las investigaciones
Authors: Roa Contreras Lydia Iby , Díaz Bravo Tito , Estrada Durañona Lisset
Published: January 2022

La incorporación de los gestores de referencias bibliográficas a las investigaciones se debe a sus beneficios como organizador de citas, referencias y como un recurso informático para el desarrollo de proyectos. El objetivo de este artículo es actualizar conocimientos en los últimos 5 años, sobre el uso e implicación de los Gestores de Referencias en las investigaciones. Se realizó una revisión documental que permitió consultar 133 fuentes de información asociadas a cinco grupos de documentos: I. Rol que desempeñan los gestores de referencias bibliográficas en el desarrollo de habilidades informacionales y competencias investigativas. II. Uso de los gestores como herramientas en la investigación. III. Los gestores en temas de materiales didácticos. IV. En la confección de citas y referencias y V. Para otros objetivos de investigación. Se utilizaron el Zotero, el Excel 2013 y el paquete estadístico SPSS. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, así como la Moda para los grupos conformados. Entre otras conclusiones importantes, al analizar el comportamiento de la producción científica, la Moda señala al grupo II Uso de los gestores como herramientas en la investigación, como el más frecuente dentro de los documentos estudiados, por lo que se recomienda su estudio y actualización permanente.
Biodisponibilidad de fósforo en alimentos y su efecto en la enfermedad renal crónica
Authors: Martínez Hernández Eduardo , De La Luz Maya Rodolfo A. , Ramírez Robledo María De Los Á. , Núñez-Murillo Gabriela K. , Orozco González Claudia Nelly
Published: January 2022

Introducción: el objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en reconocer la importancia de las investigaciones que relacionan la biodisponibilidad de fósforo en diferentes grupos de alimentos de origen animal, vegetal e industrial y su efecto en la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Metodología: la revisión se sustentó en la búsqueda literaria en páginas web como PUBMED, Redalyc, SciELO, SCIHUB y Google Academic. Se seleccionó cada estudio, descartando aquellos que no fueran cuantitativos u originales, estuvieran incompletos, sin metodología clara, realizados en mamíferos o si los resultados no se especificaban en porcentajes. La lectura puso especial énfasis en el índice de biodisponibilidad de fósforo derivado del consumo de distintos productos alimenticios. Se elaboraron tres matrices de acuerdo con el origen del comestible y la biodisponibilidad de fósforo que absorbe el organismo. Resultados: se encontró que los alimentos industrializados y los aditivos muestran una biodisponibilidad de fósforo del     90 % al 100 %, los de origen animal del 40 % al 80 % y los de origen vegetal del 30 %. Conclusiones: los aditivos de los alimentos industrializados promueven la hiperfosfatemia y, con ello, aceleran la progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica, a diferencia de los de origen animal y vegetal, menos perjudiciales para la salud. Esto da pauta a la formación del sector salud para ampliar su conocimiento sobre el tratamiento nutricional del paciente.
Trayectorias de fragilidad y factores relacionados en la población de adultos mayores en México
Authors: Rojas Huerta Abigail Vanessa
Published: January 2022

Introducción: la fragilidad es un indicador del estado de salud en la vejez y un síndrome clínico común en adultos mayores; conlleva un elevado riesgo de resultados deficientes de salud que incluyen caídas, incidentes de discapacidad, hospitalización y mortalidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las diferentes trayectorias de la fragilidad y los factores relacionados con esta entre adultos mayores mexicanos a lo largo del tiempo. Metodología: los datos provienen de un panel de cuatro rondas compuesto por adultos mayores mexicanos y desarrollado de 2001 a 2015 por el Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (ENASEM). La fragilidad es la acumulación de déficits a partir de un índice de fragilidad. Se aplicó un análisis multinivel, utilizando modelos jerárquicos para conocer los cambios de trayectorias de fragilidad y qué factores se relacionan con ella. Resultados: ser mujer mayor, viuda y tener un bajo nivel educativo fueron factores de riesgo para un índice de fragilidad alto y una menor satisfacción financiera o realizar actividades en el hogar tienen efectos adversos. Conclusiones: se halló una prevalencia de la fragilidad según la proporción de déficits que poseen los individuos y sus primordiales componentes asociados. Se requiere mejorar las condiciones socioeconómicas de salud en fases previas a la vejez con miras a evitar la presencia de fragilidad en el futuro.
Una propuesta de política pública: programa de cultura de donación de órganos en Morelia, Michoacán, México
Authors: Zamora Torres América Ivonne , Díaz Barajas Yesica
Published: January 2022

El trasplante de órganos en nuestros tiempos es un procedimiento médico de rutina y, en muchos casos, representa la única alternativa para que los pacientes en listas de espera puedan continuar su vida. Pese a eso, la problemática en la ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán, es similar a la presentada alrededor del mundo, pues la escasa cultura de donación de órganos impide a quienes la apoyan llevar a la práctica su deseo, porque, al momento de solicitar el consentimiento de donación post mortem prevalece un alto porcentaje de negativas familiares. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo diseñar una política pública desde un enfoque racional, utilizando la metodología del marco lógico, del cual resultó una propuesta de programa de cultura de donación de órganos post mortem en la ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán, a fin de contrarrestar dichas negativas y potencializar las donaciones y los trasplantes de órganos.
Estimación del gasto energético y tiempo dedicado a la actividad física en escolares costarricenses con sobrepeso u obesidad por medio del acelerómetro Actiheart
Authors: Zamora Salas Juan Diego , Laclé Murray Adriana
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: determinar el gasto energético y el tiempo dedicado a actividad física en condición de vida libre de escolares costarricenses con sobrepeso u obesidad. Metodología: participaron 31 niños y 13 niñas entre 6 y 9 años (7.6 ± 1.03 años) con sobrepeso u obesidad, estado nutricional que se estableció según el IMC. Las variables del estudio fueron la antropometría, el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC), el gasto energético total producto de la actividad física a lo largo del día (GEAF total diario), el gasto energético por actividad física (GEAF) y el tiempo dedicado a la actividad física (TAF), las dos últimas  se estimaron según condición sedentaria, ligera, moderada o vigorosa, por medio del acelerómetro Actiheart. Resultados: la talla y el %GC fueron significativamente mayores en las niñas (126.8 ± 5.9 cm, 34.0 ± 6.4 %GC) que en los niños (123.0 ± 5.4 cm, 25.2 ± 6.9 %GC). Los niños registraron un GEAF total diario de 824 ± 228.1 kcal/day, GEAF moderada + vigorosa de 285.6 ± 131.7 kcal/day y un TAF moderada + vigorosa de 147.0 ± 66.6 min, valores superiores (p<0.05) a los de las niñas 395 ± 144.4 kcal/day, 139.6 ± 90.1 kcal/day y 75.6 ± 43.2 min, respectivamente. Conclusiones: los escolares cumplen más de los 60 min/día recomendados de TAF de moderada a vigorosa intensidad, sin embargo, el GEAF de moderada a vigorosa intensidad no alcanza el mínimo de 300 kcal/día para la reducción de peso, lo cual podría ser una de las causas del sobrepeso.
La depresión mayor en Costa Rica: aspectos epidemiológicos y psicobiológicos
Authors: Sequeira Cordero Andrey , Blanco-Vargas Marilyn , Brenes Juan Carlos
Published: January 2022

Introducción: la depresión mayor es uno de los trastornos mentales más comunes y una de las principales causas de discapacidad en el mundo, con una prevalencia que ha aumentado en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de este ensayo es presentar datos epidemiológicos, así como revisar brevemente los mecanismos psicobiológicos de la depresión relacionados con el estrés crónico. Finalmente, discutiremos algunas estrategias para prevenirla y/o tratarla. Proposición: ciertos tratamientos alternativos complementarios a la medicación y psicoterapia podrían ser mucho más eficaces para evitar y mitigar los efectos del estrés crónico y el riesgo de padecer depresión. Argumentos para la discusión: el estrés crónico puede precipitar un episodio depresivo debido a la hiperactividad de la amígdala y del eje hipotalámico-hipofisario-suprarrenal (HHS), la falla en los mecanismos de retrocontrol negativo del HHS, la depleción de monoaminas, la disminución en los niveles de neurotrofinas, el aumento en la excitotoxicidad glutamatérgica, la reducción en la neurogénesis hipocampal, la disfunción de la corteza prefrontal y una respuesta inflamatoria excesiva. Conclusiones: la acumulación crónica de estresores psicosociales sobre los que se tiene poco control, más el sedentarismo, una mala alimentación y pocos espacios de esparcimiento le confieren a nuestro estilo de vida actual un alto potencial depresogénico. Actividades que incluyan ejercicio, interacciones sociales significativas, actividades recreativas, exposición a ambientes naturales, una dieta balanceada y rutinas saludables representarían una estrategia altamente eficaz para el manejo de la depresión y el mejoramiento de la salud integral.
Helicobacter pylori infection and serum pepsinogen concentrations in an elderly population representative of Costa Rica
Authors: Une Clas , Malespín Bendaña Wendy , Ramírez-Mayorga Vanessa , Rosero Bixby Luis , Sierra Ramos Rafaela
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Costa Rica has among the highest mortality rates from gastric cancer in the world, largely due to late detection. It is therefore important that economically and logistically sustainable screening is implemented in order to detect risk of developing cancer. We have previously shown that low pepsinogen (PG) values and infection with Helicobacter pylori-CagA+ are associated with risk of gastric atrophy and cancer in Costa Rican populations.  OBJECTIVES: To determine how markers for gastric cancer risk are distributed in an elderly population representative of Costa Rica in order to design a screening strategy. METHODS: The population studied consists of 2,652 participants in a nationally representative survey of ageing. Information concerning epidemiologic, demographic, nutritional and life style factors is available. Serum PG concentrations as well as H. pylori and CagA status were determined by serology. Possible associations were determined by regression analyses. RESULTS: Antibodies to H. pylori were present in 72% of the population and of those, 58% were CagA positive. Infection with H. pylori was associated with higher PGI concentrations (p=0.000) and infection with H. pylori-CagA+ with lower PGI concentrations (p=0.025). Both showed association with lower PGI/PGII (p=0.006 and p=0.000). Higher age was associated with lower prevalence of H. pylori infection (OR=0.98; p=0.000) and CagA+ (OR=0.98; p=0.000) but not with PG values. Regions with high risk of gastric cancer showed lower PGI (p=0.004) and PGI/PGII values (p=0.021) as well as higher prevalence of H. pylori infection (OR=1.39; p=0.013) but not CagA+. Using cut-off values of PGI<100 µg/L and PGI/PGII<2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, 7-15% of the population would be considered at risk. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori alone is not a useful marker for risk of gastric cancer. Screening using serum pepsinogen concentrations and infection with H. pylori-CagA+ is feasible in the general elderly population of Costa Rica but appropriate cut-off values have to be determined based on more clinical data and follow up capacity.
Caracterización morfogénica de la vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) para su propagación
Authors: Villegas Ramírez Juan , Palma Zúñiga Tomás
Published: January 2022

Introducción. La vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) es una orquídea que se cultiva comercialmente para la producción de vainillina, una sustancia saborizante que se emplea principalmente en la industria alimenticia y como cosmético. Aunque la demanda ha motivado su cultivo, hay poca disponibilidad de semilla vigorosa y libre de enfermedades lo cual ha sido una limitante. Se ha demostrado que los sistemas de inmersión temporal son eficientes. Para la micropropagación masiva de la vainilla, aún no se han establecido estudios de tiempo, frecuencia de inmersión y volumen óptimo en la proliferación de brotes en Biorreactores de Inmersión  Temporal (BIT) y además se desconoce una ruta morfogénica que garantice la estabilidad genética y la optimización durante el proceso de micropropagación. Objetivo. Caracterización morfogénica de la vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) en un BIT. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron 3 experimentos, cada uno con 3 tratamientos. Para el primer experimento, se consideraron tiempos de 5, 10 y 15 min para los tratamientos, en el segundo se evaluaron 3 frecuencias en tiempos de 6, 12 y 18 horas y en el tercero se consideraron 20, 30 y 40 ml/explante como volumen de medio de cultivo. Para los diferentes tratamientos se utilizaron 5 repeticiones, con una unidad experimental de 10 explantes y segmentos de tallo con 3 yemas axilares. El medio de cultivo consistió en las sales de Murashige Skoog (MS) suplementado con 1 mg.L-1 de BA y 1 g.L-1 de caseína. El fotoperiodo se ajustó a 16 horas luz, con una temperatura de 27°C±3 y una humedad relativa de 80% Resultados. Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticas (p<0,05) respecto a los tiempos evaluados, frecuencia de inmersión y el volumen por explante. Se determinó como mejor tiempo de inmersión un periodo de 15 minutos, 6 horas como frecuencia de inmersión y 40 ml como volumen de medio por explante. Al comparar la respuesta de desarrollo, el sistema BIT superó al medio semisólido 1,8 veces en el número de brotes y 4 veces en el incremento de peso fresco. También con BIT se obtuvieron 36 brotes por explante mientras que en el sistema de cultivo en medio semisólido, se obtuvieron 20 brotes por explante. Conclusiones. Mediante el empleo del sistema BIT, se optimizó el mecanismo de micropropagación de V. planifolia comparado con el medio de cultivo semisólido en la ruta organogénica directa, lo cual fue demostrado con la formación de brotes preformados y brotes adventicios.
Estudio preliminar de especies de Fusarium presentes en piña (Ananas comosus) en Costa Rica
Authors: Blanco Meneses Mónica , Castro Zúñiga Oscar , Umaña Rojas Gerardina
Published: January 2022

Introducción. La piña es el segundo cultivo de mayor importancia en Costa Rica, luego del banano. Se destaca la variedad Golden MD-2 como la de mayor demanda en Estados Unidos y Europa. En el 2019 el área de cultivo fue de 40 000 ha distribuidas en las zonas Norte, Atlántica y Pacífico. Objetivo. Determinar la presencia del patógeno Fusarium guttiforme, e identificar y caracterizar las especies de este género, presentes en el cultivo de piña en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 215 plantas y 20 frutos de diferentes regiones de Costa Rica en el periodo identificado 2015-2019 para un total de 38 175 ha del área sembrada de piña mediante un muestreo dirigido a síntomas relacionados a la “muerte descendente de piña”. Para la caracterización morfológica se realizaron observaciones del color del micelio, detalles de estructuras como macro y microconidios, clamidósporas y células conidiógenas en muestras previamente identificadas por medios moleculares. La identificación molecular se realizó a partir de 120 aislamientos con los marcadores moleculares ITS y TEF-1α. Resultados. No se detectó F. guttiforme en plantaciones de piña en el período comprendido entre 2015-2019. Se identificaron 6 especies, Fusarium ananatum, F. oxysporum, F. concolor, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum y F. solani cuyo número de accesión en el National Center of Biotechnology Information se adjunta en el presente artículo. Las especies F. ananatum, F. oxysporum y F. proliferatum han sido previamente descritas como patogénicas  en piña. La presencia de F. ananatum en un 95% de los frutos recolectados, se relacionó con la enfermedad “pudrición del centro del frutículo”. F. proliferatum es generador de micotoxinas, lo cual podría representar un peligro para la salud animal y humana. Las otras especies no han sido reportadas en piña anteriormente. Conclusión. No se constató la presencia del patógeno F. guttiforme, aunque si se identificaron las especies de este género, presentes en el cultivo de piña en Costa Rica.
Bog Buddhas and Travellers’ Tales: How Knowledge Crossed Eurasia
Authors: Cox Laurence
Published: January 2022

This chapter presents a reception history of Buddhism, not simply for Ireland, but for Europe in this period. By treating books as material facts and translation, rewriting, compiling, plagiarising, printing, distributing and so on, as material processes rather than as disembodied words, it shows, first, that a series of different knowledges about Buddhism circulated continuously in Ireland and the broader Irish world. Secondly, these processes, and the situation of different kinds of Irish people within these, were shaped by the changing world-system relations within which knowledge and people were both embedded. Thus Ireland becomes not an isolated case apart but a vantage point from which to explore broader European processes.
Friedrich Max Müller: Orientalism at the Zenith
Authors: Lubelsky Isaac
Published: January 2022

This chapter deals with the best-known Orientalist in the second half of the nineteenth century – Friedrich Max Müller, heir to England’s Jones, Wilson and Colebrooke, and Germany’s Schlegel and Bopp. Max Müller developed his predecessors’ ideas into a coherent whole, which called for East and West to collaborate and learn from each other. Perhaps more than any other contemporary factor, it was his thought which gave rise to the new spiritual image of India. In this sense, he was the inadvertent link between the seemingly disparate spheres –the academic and the esoteric – and also had a direct effect on the Theosophical Society. As we shall see, this movement became the outstanding practitioner of the ideas he had originated. The following is a summary of his biography and his Orientalist ideology, which reached its peak in his Aryan vision.
The Rituals of the Muttappan Cult
Authors: Gabriel Theodore
Published: January 2022

Essentially the rituals of the Muttappan cult belong to the Teyyam genre and are discussed in this Chapter.
The Sramanic Traditions: Jainism and Buddhism
Authors: Connolly Peter
Published: January 2022

Jainism and Buddhism went on to become major religions in their own right, while many other religions faded away with the death of their teachers.
The Epics and the Bhagavad Gita
Authors: Connolly Peter
Published: January 2022

The Mahābhārata and Rāmāyana are two great epic poems, India's equivalent of the Iliad and the Odyssey, though much longer. The former took shape over a period of about 800 years, from approximately 400 BCE to 400 CE, whilst the latter was compiled in the period between 200 BCE and 200 CE.