bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational Communication for Adults in Quranic Literacy in East Kutai
Authors: Azhar Azhar , Aminah Siti , Mukhtar Mukhtar , Gumilang Randi Muhammad , Alfiyanto Afif
Published: January 2024

In attempts to address issues in the realm of Islamic education, particularly at the adult community level, al-Quran literacy is frequently raised. Although adults are supposed to be reasonably literate in the Al-Quran, there is nevertheless a disconnect with the reality of societal conditions. It is important to give careful consideration to the process of teaching adults Al-Quran literacy through education. In order to provide individuals in East Kutai with an instructional communication method for Al-Quran literacy, this research attempts to do so. This study employs descriptive methodology and is classified as a qualitative study. According to the study's findings, adult education programs in Al-Quran literacy in East Kutai use persuasive, dialogic, and demonstrative communication styles. The government, social environment, and family environment all provide impetus for the Al-Quran literacy process. In terms of techniques, the iqro method is employed in the educational process to facilitate adult learners' comprehension of the Qur’an. In addition, an environment free from coercion and a feeling of community among adults without literacy in the Qur'an are supportive elements in the process of achieving Qur’an literacy. In the meantime, adult physical condition, a lack of infrastructure and support systems, and a comparatively short study period are the things impeding Al-Quran knowledge.
Quantitative Evaluation of Liquid Permeability in Cracked Oilwell Cement Sheaths
Authors: Alberdi-Pagola P. , Marcos-Meson V. , Ayache A. N. , Fischer G.
Published: January 2024

Understanding the consequences of cracking in oilwell cement sheaths is crucial to evaluating the leakage scenarios that can lead to sustained casing pressure. However, the theoretical equations commonly used to estimate flows and permeabilities tend to overestimate actual flow rates through cracks, primarily due to the omission of key factors such as crack tortuosity, surface roughness, and self-healing processes. Therefore, experimental methods are required to quantify the influence of these factors and define “empirical reduction factors.” Because each material exhibits its own unique effects on flow behavior, empirical reduction factors must be determined for each specific material, including oilwell cement. This paper presents a comprehensive procedure for systematically measuring flows, determining permeabilities, and evaluating self-healing processes in deliberately cracked cement specimens with controlled crack widths. The procedure considers pressure gradients and crack widths relevant to oilwell conditions aiming to contribute to the development of more accurate models and simulations for cemented oil wells.
Simulation of Filter-Cake Formations on Vertical and Inclined Wells Under Elevated Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Ramadan Ahmed M. , Osman Ahmed , Mehanna Ahmed , Shehata A. I. , Shehadeh Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Drilling fluids consist of colloidal suspensions that are made up of solid particles suspended in liquid. The aqueous component of the drilling mud invades a permeable formation due to differential pressure, leaving solid deposits on the drilled formation walls, forming a filter cake. Typical drilling fluids should create a thin, slick filter cake and fluid loss control to seal permeable zones as swiftly as possible. Tight holes, elevated levels of rotational resistance and friction, wellbore obstruction, fluid loss into formations, suboptimal well-log data, and reservoir formation impairment result from thick filter cakes and excessive filtration. Controlling infiltration of fluids to establish a minimal, low-porosity filter cake is frequently required to avoid drilling and production issues. In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the development of filter cakes induced by pipe rotation in vertical and inclined wellbore walls under elevated temperature and pressure during deep drilling. Multiple tests validate the basic model for application in both shallow and deep drilling operations. By use of an Eulerian-Eulerian approach to describe drilling fluids as a binary-phase system, including particles in suspension in the non-Newtonian fluid, our research investigates the power-law and Herschel-Bulkley rheological models. These models successfully predict the flow pattern of drilling fluid at the bottom region of deep drilling operations. The study further explores filter-cake formation by examining the influence of overbalanced pressure on filter-cake thickness at various pressures. Drilling simulations, incorporating pipe rotation and eccentricity effects under realistic operating parameters, accurately project filter-cake thickness, aligning closely with experimental measurements and existing CFD literature in this domain.
Prediction and experimental verification of field-enhanced molecular scattering in SEIRA spectroscopy
Authors: Virmani Divya , Maciel-Escudero Carlos , Hillenbrand Rainer , Schnell Martin
Published: January 2024

Field-enhanced molecular absorption is widely accepted as the origin of surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA). Here, we present an interpretation of SEIRA in form of a scattering process that identifies molecular scattering as the quantity that is measured in SEIRA. Molecular scattering – so far assumed to be negligible – is found to be enhanced by an extraordinary 13 orders of magnitude chiefly due to interference with the incident field (in case of SEIRA extinction spectra) or with the direct antenna scattered field (in case of SEIRA scattering spectra). It is shown that interferometric field-enhanced molecular scattering alone fully describes the magnitude and shape of vibrational lines in SEIRA extinction and scattering spectra. The results are supported by a near-field study that revealed that field-enhanced molecular scattering can be measured, yields a dispersive line shape and scales with the fourth power of the local field enhancement. As an application, a SEIRA modality achieving up to 53% molecular contrast is demonstrated.
Diversity of growth responses of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans isolates to essential oils
Authors: Helmer Štěpán , Pánek Matěj
Published: January 2024

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans causes yellow wilt, a serious cabbage disease. This fungal species is composed of many strains within two pathotypes. In this study, the inhibitory effect of six essential oils from aromatic and edicinal plants (oregano, thyme, clove, cinnamon, lemongrass, litsea) at several concentrations on eight isolates of different origin. was investigated. Our results showed that oregano essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect. The tested essential oils can be divided into three groups according to the similar content of their main components (oregano and thyme, clove and cinnamon, lemongrass and litsea), which correlates to some extent with their inhibitory effects. The tested isolates were also differed in their response to the studied essential oils. The differences inside the race were more important than between races and that fungal isolates sensitivity against EOs seems to be more related to the geographical origin of the isolates, rather than to their race affiliation.
A singlet-triplet hole-spin qubit in MOS silicon
Authors: Liles Scott , Halverson Daniel , Wang Zhanning , Shamim Aaquib , Eggli Rafael , Jin Ik Kyeong , Hillier Joe , Kumar Krittika , Vorreiter Isaac , Rendell Matthew , Huang Jonathan Yue , Escott Christopher , Hudson Fay , Lim Wee Han , Culcer Dimitrie , Dzurak Andrew , Hamilton Alex
Published: January 2024

Developing a full-scale quantum computer will require a technology platform that allows effective control over individual qubits and their coupling, while also enabling the ability to scale to many millions of qubits. Tremendous progress has been made using silicon-based qubits1–9, which offer high accuracy qubit operations and flexible control of qubit couplings. However, the most advanced silicon qubits incorporate microwave antennae10 or micromagnets11 for qubit control. Both these approaches involve integration of large components, which presents challenges for scaling up. While recent approaches such as performing on-demand electric spin control12 or implementing dielectric resonators13 show promise for overcoming the scale-up challenge, these methods are still in development. Here we show a silicon qubit that allows all the desirable qubit features to be incorporated within scalable CMOS platform. The hole-based qubit uses planar MOS layout, enabling a straightforward route for scaling to large arrays of coupled qubits14 in a geometry that satisfies error correction architectures15–17. We demonstrate hole qubit operation times as short as 3 ns and coherence times up to 1.3 μs. Two-axis qubit control is achieved using only baseband voltage pulses, providing a scalable control protocol without the need for GHz tones. Moreover, the qubit operates at extremely low magnetic fields (<5 mT), which are compatible with magnetic-sensitive components18–21. This advance in CMOS silicon-based qubit design paves the way for more efficient and scalable quantum computing architectures.
The effect of green stormwater infrastructures in urban tier human thermal comfort—a case study in high-density urban blocks
Authors: Xu Haishun , Hong Yating , Zhang Jinguang
Published: January 2024

Using green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is the main method of greening and cooling high-density blocks. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of a single GSI on thermal comfort on sunny days. However, GSI often occurs in combinations, and assessment of GSI cannot ignore the effect of rainwater on the thermal comfort improvement. Therefore, based on measured data of a real urban area of Nanjing, China, this study used 45 GSI single and combination simulation scenarios and three local climate zone (LCZ) baseline scenarios to compare and analyze three high-density blocks in the city. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated using the ENVI-met specification to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort. The study produced the following results. (1) To improve outdoor thermal comfort, compact high-rise and mid-rise areas require more abundant GSI combinations, but only using a single GSI can have a good effect in compact low-rise area. (2) In extreme high-temperature weather, rainfall is a necessary condition for improvement of thermal comfort by GSI, and complex GSI can extend the thermal comfort improvement time following rainfall by more than 1 hour. (3) To improve the thermal comfort of a potential area of outdoor crowd activity to the greatest extent, shading and tree setting should be added based on the premise of increasing the combinations of GSI, and the efficiency of improvement can reach as high as 54.23%. The results of the study indicated that future GSI construction in high-density blocks should focus on different combinations of GSI based on different LCZs. This conclusion provides a reference for other regions in Southeast Asia, where GSI construction systems should be studied and formulated in accordance with different LCZs.
Development of a prediction model of conversion to Alzheimer’s disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: the statistical analysis plan of the INTERCEPTOR project
Authors: Lombardo Flavia L. , Lorenzini Patrizia , Mayer Flavia , Massari Marco , Piscopo Paola , Bacigalupo Ilaria , Ancidoni Antonio , Sciancalepore Francesco , Locuratolo Nicoletta , Remoli Giulia , Salemme Simone , Cappa Stefano , Perani Daniela , Spadin Patrizia , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Redolfi Alberto , Cotelli Maria , Marra Camillo , Caraglia Naike , Vecchio Fabrizio , Miraglia Francesca , Rossini Paolo Maria , Vanacore Nicola
Published: January 2024

Background
In recent years, considerable efforts have been directed towards the research and development of disease-modifying therapies for dementia. These drugs focus on prodromal (Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) and/or early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Evidence from literature demonstrates that a considerable proportion of MCI subjects never progress to dementia. Therefore it is of utmost importance to identify those individuals who are at a higher risk of developing dementia.
Methods
The ongoing INTERCEPTOR study is a multicenter, longitudinal, interventional, non-therapeutic cohort study designed to enroll 500 subjects with MCI aged 50–85 years. The primary aim is to identify a biomarker or a set of biomarkers able to accurately predict the conversion from MCI to AD within 3 years of follow-up. The biomarkers investigated in this study are neuropsychological tests (mini-mental state examination MMSE and delayed free recall), brain glucose metabolism ([18F]FDG-PET), MRI volumetry of the hippocampus, EEG brain connectivity, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers (p-tau, t-tau, Aβ1–42, Aβ1–42/1–40 ratio, Aβ1–42 /p-Tau ratio) and APOE genotype. The baseline visit includes a full cognitive and neuropsychological evaluation, as well as the collection of clinical and socio-demographic information. Prognostic models will be developed using Cox regression, incorporating patient characteristics and biomarkers through stepwise selection. Model performance will be evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration and subjected to internal validation using the bootstrapping procedure. The final model will be visually represented as a nomogram.
Discussion
This paper contains a detailed description of the statistical analysis plan to ensure the reproducibility and transparency of the analysis. The prognostic model developed in this study aims to identify the population with MCI at higher risk of developing dementia, potentially eligible for drugs prescriptions. The nomogram could provide a valuable tool for clinicians for risk stratification and early treatment decisions.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03834402. Registered on January 10, 2019
Limited effects of glyphosate on the behaviour and immunity of males from six populations of the European earwig
Authors: Pasquier Laura , Lécureuil Charlotte , Meunier Joël
Published: January 2024

The use of herbicides on crops often results in unintentional, low-dose exposure of non-target organisms, such as insects. While these exposures are increasingly known to alter the survival and physiology of insects, it remains unclear whether these effects can vary between populations and modify other fitness-related traits, such as behaviour and immunity. Here, we addressed these questions by testing the effects of sublethal exposure to glyphosate (Roundup©) on the behaviour and immunity of European earwig males from six natural populations. We exposed each male to a dose of glyphosate that was either recommended for crops, five times lower than that recommended for crops, or to a control solution. Twenty-four hours later, we measured the activity, boldness, and aggregation of each male. We then exposed them to an entomopathogenic fungus, monitored their survival for 6 weeks, and measured the immune response of the survivors. We found a condition-dependent effect of glyphosate exposure on male activity. Exposure to low doses induced a positive association between activity and weight, which was not observed in the high-dose and control groups. Glyphosate had no effect on any of the other measured traits. All these results were consistent across the six populations tested, although we did find population-specific differences in almost all measurements on males. Further research is now needed to better comprehend the non-linear dose-response to glyphosate on male activity and to evaluate the effectiveness of detoxification processes in this species. Overall, these results emphasise the importance of investigating the effects of herbicides on insects to expand our general understanding of the use and potential risks of plant protection products in integrated pest management programs.
Influence of magnetic head structure and parameters on the axial magnetic field hybrid TIG welding
Authors: Wu Hong , Chang Yunlong , Chang Chenhe
Published: January 2024

Through the analysis of the magnetic field around the arc, the feasibility of controlling the arc shape and performance by the external axial magnetic field is clarified. Combined with the derived mathematical expression of the alternating axial magnetic field generated by the energized solenoid, the magnetic field and its distribution were simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB software, and the effects of the magnetic head structure and parameters on the magnetic field and its distribution were determined. A magnetic head was designed and manufactured according to the simulation results, and the welding process experiments were carried out. The experimental results show that the high-frequency axial magnetic field can significantly compress the arc and improve the welding penetration.
Adaptation and Modification of The Professional Identity Formation Scale for Postgraduate Trainees In Basic Health Science: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Siddique Uzma , Mahboob Usman , Mahsood Naheed , Mehboob Bushra , Abdullah Ayesha S , Baseer Munazza
Published: January 2024

Background:
The professional identity formation (PIF) of postgraduate trainees in basic health sciences is critical to their educational journey. Yet, there is a lack of appropriate measurement tools. This research aimed to adapt and modify an existing PIF scale to assess the professional identities of postgraduate basic health sciences trainees.
Methods:
A mixed-method study was conducted to validate a modified PIF scale. An instrument was developed following AMEE Guide 87. Seven medical educationalists and basic health science postgraduate supervisors established its content validity and reliability. Cognitive interviews were conducted with 15 participants, and the tool was validated through the Delphi technique. Piloting was undertaken on a simple random sample of 500 postgraduate trainees. Psychometric analyses, including structure factor analysis, internal consistency testing, and qualitative content analysis, were used to evaluate the modified scale.
Results:
Five factors were identified related to professional identity formation, “Commitment to Professional Identity, belonging and Values,” “Pursuit of Knowledge and Excellence,” “Professional Growth and Collaboration,” Personal Growth and Reflection,” and “Confidence and impact.” The modified PIF scale demonstrated robust psychometric properties, including a well-defined factor structure, significant reliability, and high internal consistency. With a Cronbach alpha 0.97, the PIF scale's five kept variables accounted for 99.99% of the variance.
Conclusions:
In this study, the modified PIF scale was found to be a reliable tool for assessing the professional identities of postgraduate trainees.
Causality between cholelithiasis and ileus: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xia Juan , Fang Qi , Yun Yali , Dong Xunan , Wang Jiahao , Tao Pengxian , Zhang Dongzhi
Published: January 2024

Background: Cholelithiasis is a prevalent digestive ailment in China, prompting extensive research on its association with ileus. However, prior investigations relied on observational methodologies, introducing biases. To enhance objectivity, we adopted the Mendelian randomization method for a more comprehensive understanding.
Methods: We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly correlated with cholelithiasis as instrumental variables from large-scale population-wide genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Ileus outcomes were sourced from the IEU Open GWAS database (Ileus: GWAS ID: ebi-a-GCST90018867; 2911 cases, 395,721 controls). Using analytical approaches like inverse variance weighting (IVW) and MR-Egger regression, we assessed causality. A sensitivity analysis, considering factors like horizontal pleiotropy, was conducted (Figure 1).
Results: (1) Inverse variance weighting revealed a significant association between K80 cholelithiasis (GWAS ID: ukb-a-559) and ileus (GWAS ID: ebi-a-GCST90018867). Additionally, a correlation emerged between cholelithiasis (GWAS ID: ukb-a-71) and ileus (GWAS ID: ebi-a-GCST90018867). A distinct cholelithiasis subtype (GWAS ID: ukb-b-18700) demonstrated a causal relationship with ileus (GWAS ID: ebi-a-GCST90018867). (2) The MR-Egger method, assessing horizontal pleiotropy, found no evidence of its existence (GWAS ID: ukb-b-18700, P= 0.034). (3) This Mendelian randomization study provides compelling evidence supporting a causal link between cholelithiasis and ileus. Such findings enhance our understanding of ileus etiology and pathogenesis, with crucial clinical implications for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment.
Conclusion: A causal link between cholelithiasis and ileus is confirmed through thorough Mendelian randomization analysis. This discovery has substantial potential to provide key insights for preventing, detecting early, and implementing effective treatment strategies for ileus.
Influence of silymarin and zinc oxide nanoparticles as feed additives on growth, antioxidants, and blood metabolites of broilers
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Yadav Satya Prakash , Chandra Gulab , Sahu Deo Saran , Yadav Devesh Kumar , Maurya Prem Sagar , Roy Debashis , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Maurya Pankaj Kumar
Published: January 2024

The aim of the present study was design to investigate the effect of silymarin (SM) and nano-zinc (NZ) on growth, antioxidants, and blood metabolites of broiler chicks. 144 broiler chicks (Cobb-400) were utilized in this experiment and randomly assigned into 4 groups, 36 chicks in each, and each group was divided into three replications, 12 birds in each replication. The chicks were fed basal diet supplanted either with SM (800 mg/kg, SM800), NZ (20 mg/kg, NZ20) alone, or both SM (800 mg/kg) + NZ (20 mg/kg) (SM800 + NZ20), or without SM and NZ (control). Body weight (BW) and feed consumption (FC) were recorded at weekly intervals and body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated from BW and FC. The blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 d of the study for the estimation of antioxidant status and blood metabolites. The BW, BWG, and FC were improved statistically (P < 0.05), however, FCR decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in broiler chicks received either SM or NZ alone or in combination compared to the control group. The activities of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were statistically (P < 0.05) higher in chicks fed a diet contained SM or NZ, or both than in control, but the increment was observed maximum in broilers of SM800 + NZ20 group. The TBARS level was varied statistically (P < 0.05) among the groups and was reported lowest TBARS level in the SM800 + NZ20 group. The dietary supplementation of SM and NZ showed a positive effect on total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and globulin (GLOB), however showed a negative effect on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Glucose level was not affected by the supplementation of SM and NZ. The result of the current study concluded that dietary supplementation in broilers improved growth performance, antioxidant status, and liver and kidney functions.
Predictive Value of AMH on Spontaneous Abortion: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis ​
Authors: Yao Ruiting , Liu Dayu , Liu Chang , Han Xinyu , Feng Xiaoling
Published: January 2024

Objective: To systematically evaluate the predictive value of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in relation to spontaneous abortion (SA), taking into consideration the variables of age and conception mode.
Methods: We searched electronic database including PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library databases for original researches that reported the relationship between AMH and SA, and four tables of diagnostic tests could be extracted.
Results: We included 15 qualifying studies, which demonstrated a significant relationship between shoulder meta shoulder on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.800, with a p-value of 0.000. These findings indicates the existence of threshold effect. When fitting the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, the resulting area under the curve (AUC) is determined to be 0.5263, while the Q index is calculated to be 0.5197. The study found that the sensitivity and specificity of AMH in predicting SA were 0.14 (95% CI: 0.13 – 0.15) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.80 – 0.82), respectively. Based on the subgroup analysis conducted on age, it was found that the AUC for fitting the SROC curve in the younger group was determined to be 0.5514. Additionally, the Q index for this subgroup was calculated to be 0.5386. The AUC in the senior cohort was determined to be 0.5080, whereas the Q index was calculated to be 0.5060. Determining the method of conception, the heterogeneity subgroup analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for natural conception was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.12 – 2.84), with a p-value greater than 0.05. The SROC curve for assisted reproductive technology is shown to be 0.5005, whereas the Q index is calculated to be 0.5004. The AUC by the International Union for Immunology (IUI) turns out to be 0.8214, while the Q index is measured to be 0.7553. The SROC curve was determined to be 0.5452, while the Q index yielded a value of 0.5339. The sensitivity analysis results demonstrate the robustness of the analysis findings. The Deeks funnel diagram does not appear to indicate any apparent presence of publishing bias.
Conclusions: The prognostic significance of serum AMH level for SA is not readily apparent. In the stratified study examining the relationship between age and conception mode, it was determined that AMH did not exhibit a strong predictive capacity for SA. Furthermore, it was concluded that a solitary instance of low AMH levels cannot be relied upon as a reliable indicator for assessing the likelihood of experiencing SA.
Root cutters: Novel tillage methods to control creeping perennial weeds with a low risk of soil erosion and nutrient leaching
Authors: Ringselle Björn , Børresen Trond , Lundkvist Anneli , Mangerud Kjell , Skagestad Øystein , Torp Torfinn , Verwijst Theo , Brandsæter Lars Olav
Published: January 2024

Perennial weeds are a major obstacle for reducing pesticides and tillage. Three multi-year experiments were conducted in Norway and Sweden to determine if a) the horizonal and vertical root/rhizome cutters (HRC and VRC, respectively) can provide effective non-chemical control of multiple perennial weed species comparable to more intensive tillage methods (Experiments 1–2), b) without increasing the risk of soil erosion and nutrient leaching (Experiment 3), and c) if integrating the VRC with the HRC, mowing or disc harrow can increase the efficacy against perennial weeds (Experiment 1). All treatments were spring plowed in Experiment 1 and 3, and autumn plowed in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, the rotary tiller was the most suppressive against Sonchus arvensis and Elymus repens but increased Stachys palustris shoot numbers. HRC treatments were not significantly worse than the rotary tiller and increased crop yield by 28%, reduced total perennial shoot biomass by 46–51% and reduced S. arvensis and E. repens shoot biomass by 52% and 80%, respectively, compared to an untreated control. In Experiment 2, HRC treatments reduced Cirsium arvense shoot numbers by 71% compared to the untreated control but failed to control E. repens. HRC treatment depth (7 vs. 15 cm) did not significantly affect control efficacy. Experiment 3 showed that HRC did not increase soil, water or nutrient losses compared to the untreated control and resulted in 60% less soil and 52% less phosphorous losses than disc harrowing. Treatments with VRC reduced the shoot biomass of E. repens by 40% and S. arvensis by 22%, compared to without VRC. Novelly, the results show that in plowed systems, HRC provides control of multiple perennial weed species that is comparable to more intensive tillage methods, but with little risk of soil and nutrient losses; and integrating VRC into control strategies improves perennial weed control efficacy.
The bidirectional association between the disability in activity of daily living and depression: A Longitudinal research based on Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults
Authors: Zhou Lina , Wang Wei , Ma Xiancang
Published: January 2024

Aim
Depression and decline in the activities of daily life (ADL) are common in middle-aged and older adults. This study investigated the bidirectional relationship between depression and disability in ADL in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.
Methods
Data from a baseline study of 17,596 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and two follow-up visits at 4 and 7 years were included. We designed Stage A and Stage B respectively to explore the interaction between depression and impaired ability of daily living in middle-aged and elderly people.
Results
Individuals with disability in ADL at baseline had adjusted OR of 1.331 (1.118, 1.584) and 1.969 (1.585, 2.448) for developing depression compared with those without disability in ADL at the 4- and 7-years follow-up, respectively. Individuals with depression at baseline had an adjusted OR of 1.353 (1.127, 1.625) and 1.347 (1.130, 1.604), respectively, for developing disability in ADL 4 and 7 years later.
Conclusions
There was a bidirectional relationship between depression and disability in ADL. Depression increased the risk of disability in ADL, but did not increase with time, while the effect of disability in ADL on depression increased with time.
Osteoking ameliorates type 2 diabetes osteoporosis by promoting osteoblasts proliferation via PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway activation
Authors: Li Rong , Lu Jiangli , Wang Peijin , Zhao Yulan , Yang Yi , Jiao Jianlin , Qian Zhongyi , Wang Limei , Zheng Hong
Published: January 2024

Osteoking (OK) is a Yi folk Chinese herb from the Yunnan province, which exerts bone formation-promoting effects on menopausal osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. However, it remains to be determined whether OK ameliorates type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP). Thus, T2DOP animal model was established in db/db mice in this study. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis revealed that OK significantly increased bone strength, improved bone metabolism, and promoted bone formation. GS and p-GSK-3β expression levels were increased in OK group as compared with db/db group by Western blot analysis. IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β were lower levels in the OK group compared to the db/db group, nevertheless, the IL-10 level was significantly higher. Furthermore, an In vitro cells model was constructed by stimulating with high glucose (HG, 30 mM). ALP protein was significantly elevated in OK treatment group. Administration of OK at 1.44 mg/mL significantly increased p-AKT/AKT expression, while, combined with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, OK significantly reduced the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal OK exhibits efficacy against T2DOP in db/db mice by promoting osteogenesis of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells through PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway regulation.
Effect of Triggering with hCG Alone, GnRH Agonist Alone, or in Combination (Dual Trigger) in Letrozole-Stimulated Cycles for Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Guan Lu , Wu Haicui , Li Yuan , Yang Minmin , Xiang Shan , Lian Fang
Published: January 2024

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of triggering strategies on pregnancy outcomes in letrozole-stimulated cycles for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (L-FET), employing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) combination, the conventional hCG trigger alone and the GnRHa trigger alone.
Materials and Methods
773 women undergoing L-FET were enrolled in this retrospective study. The grouping of the participants was based on the trigger method employed. The dual trigger group (N = 105) was given 0.1 mg GnRHa and 2000 IU hCG, the hCG trigger group (N = 430) was administered 4000–10000 IU hCG, and the GnRHa trigger group (N = 238) was injected with 0.1 mg GnRHa alone. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of potential confounding factors on pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed in accordance with the hCG trigger dose.
Results
A lower miscarriage rate was observed in GnRHa trigger group (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.484, 95% CI 0.244–0.962, P = 0.038) and hCG trigger group (aOR = 0.395, 95% CI 0.196–0.798, P = 0.010) compared with dual trigger group. The positive pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate and ectopic pregnancy rate were slightly higher in dual trigger group, nevertheless, the differences were not statistically significant (P values were 0.764, 0.892 and 0.705 respectively). The live birth rate was slightly higher in hCG trigger group (40.2%) compared to the GnRHa trigger group (38.2%) and dual trigger group (34.3%), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.521). In the subgroup analysis, no significant difference was found on pregnancy outcomes among different hCG trigger dose groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Dual trigger could increase miscarriage rate in women undergoing L-FET. Hence, the routine use of dual trigger for ovulation induction is not recommended in L-FET. Moreover, luteal support should be given flexibly and cautiously whenever employed. Noteworthily, these findings indicate that the 4000 IU hCG trigger could be a potentially better alternative for patients undergoing L-FET, particularly when considering cost-effectiveness.
Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Fear of Pregnancy Scale: a translation and validation study
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Zhang Jian , Zhao Lei , Li Yanhong , Yan Yuanyuan , Wei Yue , Guo Shuming , Zhang Zhixia
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Many women experience fear towards pregnancy, which can impact their desire to have children and the national birth rate. Thus, assessing women's fear of pregnancy is of great importance. However, there is currently no specialized tool for assessing women's fear of pregnancy in China. The purpose of this study is to translate the Fear of Pregnancy Scale into Chinese and test its reliability and validity among women of childbearing age.
Methods
Using convenience sampling combined with a snowballing method, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 886 women of childbearing age in two cities in China. The translation was strictly carried out according to the Brislin model. Item analysis, validity analysis, and reliability analysis were employed for psychometric assessment.
Results
The Chinese version of the Fear of Pregnancy Scale comprises 28 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 72.578%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed: NFI = 0.956, CFI = 0.986, GFI = 0.927, IFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.032, and χ2/df = 1.444. The scale's Cronbach's α coefficient is 0.957, split-half reliability is 0.840, and test-retest reliability is 0.932. The Chinese version of the scale demonstrates good reliability and validity.
Conclusions
The Chinese version of the Fear of Pregnancy Scale possesses robust psychometric properties and can assess the degree of pregnancy fear among Chinese women of childbearing age. It provides a reference for formulating relevant policies in the prenatal care service system and implementing targeted intervention measures.
On Duplication-Free Codes for Disjoint or Equal-Length Errors
Authors: Yu Wenjun , Schwartz Moshe
Published: January 2024

Motivated by applications in DNA storage, we study a setting in which strings are affected by tandem-duplication errors. In particular, we look at two settings: disjoint tandem-duplication errors, and equal-length tandem-duplication errors. We construct codes, with positive asymptotic rate, for the two settings, as well as for their combination. Our constructions are duplication-free codes, comprising codewords that do not contain tandem duplications of specific lengths. Additionally, our codes generalize previous constructions, containing them as special cases. MSC Classification: 68R15 , 94B25 , 94B35
Compounded Wind Gusts and Maximum Temperature via Semiparametric copula joint density modelling in the risk assessments of power blackouts and air-conditioning demands for major cities in Canada
Authors: Latif Shahid , Ouarda Taha
Published: January 2024

A semiparametric copula joint framework was proposed to model wind gust speed (WGS) and maximum temperature (MT) in Canada, using Gaussian kernel density estimation (GKDE) with parametric copulas to assess power blackouts (PBs) and heightened air conditioning demands (HACDs). The framework used two extreme sample groups to define extreme pairs at different time lags, i.e., 0 to ± 3 days, annual maximum WGS (AMWGS) and corresponding MT and annual highest MT (AHMT) and corresponding WGS. GKDE outperformed the parametric model in defining marginal distribution. The extreme pairs, except in Calgary and Halifax, showed significant positive correlations inconsistently varying with a time lag for selected cities. AMWGS or AHMT events considered independently would be stressful for all stations due to high estimated quantiles with low univariate RPs. The bivariate events exhibited lower AND-joint RPs with moderate to high design quantiles indicated higher risk of PBs and HACDs, which varied inconsistently with time lags across the station. The bivariate AMWGS-MT events would be stressful in Regina, Quebec City, Ottawa, and Edmonton, while AMWGS-MT events in Toronto, Regina, and Montreal. Conversely, Vancouver poses a lower risk of joint action of pairs AHMT-WGS. These statistics can help plan for community well-being during extreme weather.
Water and soil resource assessment using GIS-based modelling of climate variability (WaterWorld Policy Support System) in Karkheh hydrological unit - southwestern Iran
Authors: Merrikhpour‫٭‬ Hajar , Badamfirooz Jalil , Moridi Ali , Mousazadeh Roya , Zarandian Ardavan , Shiranzaei Shahram
Published: January 2024

Presently, human-induced activities are the primary drivers of land degradation and a decline in the anticipated benefits of water resources. Consequently, there is a pressing need for increased attention to adaptively manage and propose viable solutions to disruptions in water and soil resources. This study focuses on evaluating the water budget, runoff, soil erosion, and water pollution potential within the hydrological unit of Karkheh in southwestern Iran, utilizing the WaterWorld Policy Support System (WWPSS). Additionally, it aims to assess the cost efficiency of water sources and soil conservation practices, offering a systematic perspective on basin-wide water challenges. Geospatial data integration and the development of a soil and water vulnerability map were executed using ArcGIS 10.3. The result showed that the southern area of the hydrological unit experienced the minimum precipitation. In total, the precipitation declines over the surfaces of this hydrological unit from north, which has led to a decrease in vegetation and an increase in runoff generation in the southern areas. The total runoff generated in this hydrological unit is based on the upstream–downstream relationships from the north to the south was estimated at 81000648 mm3 yr− 1. The soil erosion rate spiked in the southern area with the vegetation decline and the intensification of runoff, which indicates its very severe and dangerous erosion regimen in downstream areas. It could be result in water pollution. Economic valuation represents the real value of water generation and soil conservation per hectare in the study area was estimated at US$ 6.63 and the real value of per hectare in the study area was estimated at US$ 912.2, respectively.
Association between ACEI/ARB and Prognosis in Dialysis Patients with Hypertension admitted to Intensive Care Unit
Authors: An Shuoyan , Ye Zixiang , Che Wuqiang , Gao Yanxiang , Li Jiahui , Zheng Jingang
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
To explore the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) treatment and short-term clinical outcome in dialysis patients with hypertension admitted to intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods
Patients with diagnosis of hypertension and dialysis from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database were included. Based on whether treated with ACEI/ARB, patients were categorized into two groups: ACEI/ARB group and non- ACEI/ARB group. A comparison of in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality was conducted between the two groups in the entire study population and following propensity score matching (PSM).
Results
The study included 647 hypertensive dialysis patients, among which 227 (34.70%) were treated with ACEI/ARB and 420 (65.30%) were not. Compared to non- ACEI/ARB group, fewer patients in ACEI/ARB group suffered from atrial fibrillation/flutter (17.2% vs 31.9%, p < 0.001). The hospital mortality rate was 5.1% and 9.0% died during 30-day follow-up period in the whole study population. Patients receiving ACEI/ARB were with better clinical outcomes during hospitalization (2.2% vs 6.7%, p = 0.023) and after 30-day follow-up (5.3% vs 11.0%, p = 0.016). ACEI/ARB treatment (HR 0.24, 96% CI: 0.051–0.82, p = 0.038) was independently correlated with a lower risk of hospital mortality. After PSM of 112 pairs, the ACEI/ARB group exhibited superior in-hospital (99.1% vs 91.1%, p = 0.013) and 30-day (95.5% vs 88.4%, p = 0.048) survival rates. Use of ACEI/ARB demonstrated an independent protective factor for 30-day mortality. (HR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11–0.96, p = 0.041).
Conclusion
ACEI/ARB treatment showed a significant association with improved in-hospital and 30-day clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients receiving dialysis in ICU.
Assessing the extent of trace element pollution in soil and elucidating the potential health risks within the Wassa Traditional Area of Ghana
Authors: Arhin Emmanuel , Karim-Abdallah Bright , Arhin Atta Adjei , Baah Christiana
Published: January 2024

Non-communicable diseases are the primary cause of mortality in Ghana, and health professionals have identified modifiable behaviors such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and harmful alcohol consumption as crucial factors leading to their prevalence. These practices are not the sources of the diseases but can increase the risk of non-communicable diseases. The label that a sedentary lifestyle is the cause of NCDs is also not entirely accurate since some children and elderly-poor individuals have also been diagnosed with non-communicable diseases. These people are not in that class. This paper thus examines trace elements such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) found in soils to assess their linkages with non-communicable diseases to establish their sources. The study excavated a total of 2668 soil samples from a depth of 30 cm where the samples were collected beneath the humic layer for chemical analysis. The collected samples were sieved to < 125 µm size fractions to eliminate coarser materials while 50 g portion of the finer portion was sent to ALS geochemical laboratory for ICP-MS analysis. Results obtained from ICP-MS analysis were compared against accepted baseline values to evaluate the enrichment or depletion of selected elements at each sample point. The pollution load index (PLI) and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to determine pollution status across the four selected areas within the Wassa Traditional area. The calculated PLI for As, Pb, Cu and Zn was 1.01 indicating moderate pollution levels across all four areas studied. In contrast, Igeo indicated moderate-to-heavy levels of contamination across those same areas. The percentage of elements above accepted baseline values ranged between 84.35% -95.79%, highlighting hidden dangers posed by these pollutants on population health within the study areas. Arsenic was consistently higher than other elements and is also known to contribute to NCDs like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The research has revealed sources contributing towards NCDs and also suggests that partnerships between Geoscientists and Medical healthcare workers can identify mitigation strategies towards reducing or eliminating NCDs thereof.
ZIC1 inhibits the growth of glioblastoma cell U87MG by enhancing CUL5 expression
Authors: Li Yanna , Li Jiao , Zhan Weiyi , Yu Yue , Xu Sihong , Xu Jie , jia Song , Zhang Chen
Published: January 2024

ZIC family member 1 (ZIC1) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor 5 which exhibits anti-tumorigenic effects in several cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action in the occurrence of human glioblastoma has been poorly elucidated. Herein, our results demonstrate that ZIC1 inhibits the growth of glioblastoma cell U87MG. Obviously, ZIC1 effects on transcriptome in U87MG, mainly involving in some genes transcriptional ability, e.g.CUL5, DDX10.,HK2, COL6A1, VEGFA, Loxl2, IGFBP3, FOXN3, MT1X, ENO2, TGFB1, PPFIA4,etc..On the other hand, ZIC1 affects proteome in U87MG. For examples, ZIC1 up-regulates CUL5, STIP1, DPP3, PSAT1, SF3A3, MTAP, ERO1A, P4HA2, Serpine1 and down-regulates IFI16, IGF2BP3, ASPH, RAB3B, MARCKS. Furthermore, ZIC1 effects on several signaling pathway in U87MG, including p53 signaling pathway, apoptosis signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway,etc.. Striking, it is worth mentioning that ZIC1 triggers the formation of the fusion genes ,e.g.CDH13-HSD17B2, PPP1R13L-ZNF541. Importantly, ZIC1 enhances CUL5 expression and CUL5 knockdown abrogates the suppressor functions of ZIC1 in U87MG. In conclusions, these results of this first study provide strong evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of human glioblastoma.
CT-based deep learning radiomics model for preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its clinical value: a two-center study
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Yang Zhenwei , Ning Peigang , Yuan Hao , Qi Zuochao , Li Qingshan , Yu Haibo
Published: January 2024

Background
To develop and validate a computed tomography (CT) image-based deep learning radiomics model (DLRAD) for preoperative prediction of MVI in ICC patients, and to validate its relationship with prognosis.
Methods
A total of 165 ICC patients were recruited from two centers for retrospective study. Based on the radiomics and deep learning features of arterial phase CT images, dozens of models were constructed and compared using four machine learning methods. The incremental value of different sizes of peritumoral regions to the model was also explored. The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and decision curve. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the relationship between the model prediction results and prognosis.
Results
According to the radiomics features in the intratumoral and 2mm peritumoral regions and the deep learning features in the tumor, the DLRAD model constructed by the LR method showed the best discrimination ability for MVI. The AUC of the internal validation cohort was 0.86. The AUC of the external validation cohort was 0.89. In addition, the MVI predicted by the model was significantly correlated with the overall survival rate of patients (P = 0.005), which was consistent with the actual situation.
Conclusion
The DLRAD model constructed by radiomics and deep learning technology can effectively predict MVI in ICC patients. This provides clinicians with a powerful tool to help them make more accurate treatment decisions.