bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Medieval Armenian Symbol of Eternity in the Art of the Twelfth-Century Italian Sculptor Nicholaus
Authors: Dominioni Lorenzo , Balian Antranik
Published: December 2021

The medieval Armenian symbol of eternity – a whirl sign – is engraved in the forehead of five bull sculptures dated to the first half of the twelfth century, attributable to the workshop of the Italian sculptor Nicholaus. The whirl is an ancient sacred symbol associated with eternal life, not specific to any religion or culture, that has persisted for millennia. The following carvings display a closely resembling geometric whirl engravure: in the apse frieze of Koenigslutter Kaiserdom (Lower Saxony), in the pulpit of Sacra di Carpi (Modena), in the “Creation of animals” panel of S. Zeno Basilica (Verona), in the Verona Cathedral porch, and in the Ferrara Cathedral narthex. This symbol, generally ignored by Western Christian art after the Carolingian period, was revisited by the Nicholaus workshop. We argue that the small, hitherto overlooked whirl engraving made by these artists in the bull head of Koenigslutter, Carpi, Ferrara and Verona was a veiled ornamental performance displaying the symbol of eternity to signify the concept of life in the hereafter. Here the immediate inspiration source was likely Armenian, because in the early twelfth century the geometric whirl symbol of eternity was foreign to Italian religious decorations while it was deeply rooted in Armenian Christian art. Nicholaus and his atelier were familiar with the leaved cross and the whirl – traditional Armenian motifs symbolizing life in the hereafter – and were inspired by them in some of their works. In the decorative reliefs of S. Zeno Basilica façade, Verona Cathedral porch and Koenigslutter Kaiserdom frieze, various examples of the geometric whirl metamorphosis into naturalistic foliate whirl are extant, witnessing the Nicholaus atelier’s versatile sculptural performance in conceptualizing everlasting life.
The Policy and Ethical Implications of Genetic Research on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Yeh Max , Morley Katherine I. , Hall Wayne D.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To review the policy and ethical implications of recent research on the molecular genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method

MEDLINE and psyclNFO database searches were used to identify studies on the genetics of ADHD. The implications of replicated candidate genes are discussed.

Results

The findings for most genes have been inconsistent but several studies have implicated the genes in the dopaminergic pathway in the aetiology of ADHD.

Conclusions

The current evidence on the genetics of ADHD is insufficient to justify genetic screening tests but it will provide important clues as to the aetiology of ADHD. Genetic information on susceptibility to ADHD has the potential to be abused and to stigmatize individuals. Researchers and clinicians need to be mindful of these issues in interpreting and disseminating the results of genetic studies of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, ethics, genetics, policy implications.
A Consideration of the Relationship between the Rules of Court and the Code of Ethics in Forensic Psychiatry
Authors: Gaughwin Peter C.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To consider the relationship between the Rules of Court for expert witnesses and the revised Ethical Guideline No. 9 and Practice Guideline No. 9 of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) and how this affects the responsibilities that psychiatrists have to a court and to their profession, when they enter the legal arena.

Method

Literature relevant to the subject, the Federal Court rules relating to expert witnesses and the RANZCP Guidelines are discussed and compared, with examples used to illustrate particular issues that arise from time to time in the civil jurisdiction. A distinction is drawn between the functions of those psychiatrists who undertake forensic assessment and those who undertake clinical work, and some of the ethical challenges facing forensic psychiatrists are considered.

Results

The Rules of Court relating to expert witnesses and the RANZCP Guidelines No. 9 have a complementary relationship and are thus ethically consistent with each other and provide a basis for psychiatrists to maintain and enhance the integrity of their profession.

Conclusion

Forensic psychiatry is a particularly complex medical speciality and one that can create enormous personal conflict for clinicians, especially those who are not forensic consultants. It may therefore be time for the College to develop an accreditation process for those prepared to undertake further study in the nature and practice of forensic psychiatry.
Seclusion use with Children and Adolescents: An Australian Experience
Authors: Fryer Michelle A. , Beech Michael , Byrne Gerard J. A.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To summarize the current state of knowledge on the use of seclusion and restraint with children and adolescents and to report the findings of an exploratory study to identify factors that place a child or adolescent at increased risk of seclusion during their admission.

Method

Literature searches were undertaken on MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsyclNFO databases. Articles were identified that focused specifically on seclusion and restraint use with children and adolescents or contained material significant to this population. The study reports findings from a retrospective review of patient charts, seclusion registers and staffing from an Australian acute inpatient facility.

Results

The data available in regard to seclusion use in this population is limited and flawed. Further research is needed on the use and outcomes of seclusion and restraint and on alternative measures in the containment of dangerousness. Both the literature and this study find that patients with certain factors are at increased risk of being secluded during an inpatient stay. These factors include being male, diagnoses of disruptive behaviour disorder and a previous history of physical abuse. Staffing factors did not show a relationship to the use of seclusion.

Conclusions

There are patient factors that predict increased risk of seclusion; these factors and their interrelationships require further elucidation. Further research is also needed on the outcomes, both positive and negative, of seclusion use and of alternatives to seclusion.
International Perspectives on Spelling and Writing in Different Orthographies: Introduction to the Special Series
Authors: Joshi R. Malatesha , Wijekumar Kausalai , Gillespie Rouse Amy
Published: December 2021

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue on spelling and writing in different orthographies. Most studies and theoretical models of writing are based on the English language, and it is generally assumed that what is true for English is also true for other languages. Further, there are more studies on reading compared to studies of writing and spelling. Considering that 80% of the world’s population speaks a language other than English, we need more studies on writing and spelling in languages other than English. With this intention, we are presenting 6 papers on writing and spelling in different languages of different orthographic depth, from highly transparent orthographies like Spanish and Italian to highly opaque orthography like Cantonese.
Long-term experience with percutaneous biopsies of pelvic lesions using CT guidance
Authors: Hoffmann Petr , Balik Michal , Hoffmannova Martina , Spacek Jiri , Vanasek Jiri , Rezac Adam , Dvorak Petr
Published: December 2021

To evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, complication rate, technical features, and relations among followed parameters of CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of the pelvic lesions. 140 biopsies in 136 patients for tumors, sizes 17–160 mm in largest diameter, were carried out in patients with probable tumorous pelvic process within ten years period. The patients were women in 77 cases and men in 59 cases, aged 21 to 87 years. The lesionsÂ´ size varied from 17 mm to 160 mm in largest diameter. In 135 biopsies (96.4%) results were true positive or true negative; only 5 procedures (3.6%) were histologically false negative and had to be verified surgically. Metastatic affection was the most common diagnosis (26.4%). Lymphomas were diagnosed in 25%; serous adenocarcinoma of ovary or uterine tube was verified in 15.7% of cases. Totally 7 complications (5%) were confirmed, all were minor hemorrhages. A statistically significant relation between the complication rate and hypervascular character ( p = 0.00004), and between needle gauge and histological accuracy ( p = 0.00429) was revealed. Core needle biopsy using percutaneous approach and CT guidance had a high overall accuracy in determining the final histological diagnosis including subtyping. Concurrently, the complication incidence was low.
Evaluation of bamboo water-retting for fiber bundle extraction
Authors: Li Yu , Fu Jiajia , Wang Hongbo , Gao Weidong
Published: December 2021

Bamboo fiber bundles were successfully extracted from bamboo culms using water-retting, taking advantage of enzymes secreted by microorganisms in the retting liquid. The harvest year and place of origin of the bamboo and the source of water impacted the products of the retting process. One-month-old bamboo was decomposed completely, whereas the one-year-old sample was hardly changed after 24-day retting. Moisture regain and crystallinity varied with the different origins of the bamboo. However, all samples resulted in similar chemical structures and thermal properties. The best operational conditions for water-retting were 3-month-old bamboo from Wuxi incubated in deionized water. Enzyme activities, including cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and ligninolytic enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase) were monitored during a 24-day retting. Manganese peroxidase was the primary enzyme used to degrade lignin, resulting in absorbance at 294 nm of UV-Vis spectra. In addition, xylanase played a leading role in hydrolyzing hemicellulose, which was consistent with the change in reducing sugar yield. In addition, variations in dissolved oxygen and pH values were also recorded, indicating the changes in bacterial strains and the enzymatic system. The wastewater from bamboo retting showed good biodegradability but a lack of nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, a manganese peroxidase–xylanase combined enzyme-retting treatment would offer a more environmentally friendly approach for extracting bamboo fibers.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Dental Practitioners Regarding Domestic Violence in Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Nasir , Raja Hina Zafar , Shakoor Asma , Rashid Haroon , Nasir Haiqa , Yusuf Elyon
Published: December 2021

Domestic violence is a complex social issue worldwide that includes a wide range of physical, sexual, psychological, economic, or emotional trauma to a child or adult. A large proportion of domestic violence cases remain unreported or undocumented. Dentists can play an important role in identifying and reporting these cases, but no such local study is available assessing the dental practitioners’ attitudes and knowledge of evaluating physical abuse in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of dental practitioners of Pakistan about domestic violence. This cross-sectional study was carried out over 2 months, among 330 dentists across Pakistan, selected by convenience sampling technique. Data was collected via a pre-validated online questionnaire, filled anonymously after taking informed consent. The survey questionnaire collected data about dentists’ demographics, awareness, and experiences about domestic violence cases via close-ended questions. Only 10.6% of participating dentists received formal training in the management of domestic violence cases. Approximately 55% of participants knew that physical abuse should be reported in all circumstances; however, half of them could not accurately identify the legal authorities where suspected cases should be reported. Only 20% of the participating dentists had ever suspected a case of physical abuse and 30% of those actually reported it to legal authorities. Participants characterized fear of anger from relatives as the most significant barrier toward reporting suspected cases. The analysis revealed that Pakistan’s dentists lack adequate knowledge regarding domestic violence in terms of identification, relevant physical signs/symptoms, and social indicators. Dentists of Pakistan had insufficient knowledge about the identification, management, and reporting of domestic violence cases. However, formal training and dentists’ qualification were positively associated with overall awareness and practices regarding domestic violence case management.
Perceptions of COVID–19-related Risks and Deaths Among Health Care Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hakim Muhammad , Afaq Saima , Khattak Farhad ALi , Jawad Mohammad , Ul Islam Siraj , Ayub Rose Muhammad , Shakeel Khan Muhammad , Haq Zia Ul
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 is an established challenge to the health care professionals (HCPs) having physical, emotional, and psychological repercussions. We determine the perceptions of Pakistani HCPs regarding the risks and deaths related to COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs throughout Pakistan from 16th February 2021 to 6th March 2021 by disseminating an online Google questionnaire via all possible social media platforms including WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, and emails. Out of total of 462 HCPs, 33.55% tested COVID-19 positive and 49.43% had received their first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. The proportion of HCPs worried about contracting COVID-19 was 46.97%. A total of 69.48% mentioned that doctors are at a higher risk of dying from COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. In a dichotomous analysis done for risk perception, 72.06% of doctors reported a high-risk perception of contracting COVID-19 in hospital settings. The main reasons identified to be associated with higher mortality amongst the HCPs, specifically doctors, included comorbidities (47.26%), working in high-risk wards (24.02%) and lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) (28.72%). Using univariate and multivariate regression the HCPs tested positive rated two-fold high risk while performing professional duty during COVID-19 pandemic [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 2.23 (1.24–4.02), P = .007; adjusted OR (95% CI) 2.27 (1.22–4.19), P = .009]. In conclusion, Pakistani HCPs have significant COVID–19-related concerns and anxieties. The doctors perceived to be at a higher risk of dying with COVID-19, due to a variety of personal and professional reasons.
Congenital Hypothyroidism Patients With Thyroid Hormone Receptor Variants Are Not Rare: A Systematic Review
Authors: Da Dong-Zhu , Wang Ye , Wang Min , Long Zhi , Wang Qian , Liu Jun
Published: December 2021

Background

Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease. Various genetic factors, including the thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR), play an important role in CH.

Aim

To explore the occurrence of pathogenic TSHR variants in CH.

Methods

We searched published articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, from the establishment of the database to September 26, 2021. Studies with sequencing partial or full exons of TSHR in CH patients were included. Gene polymorphism was excluded.

Results

A total of 66 articles (44 case-control studies and 22 case reports) were selected from the database. Though case-control studies, we found the incidence of pathogenic TSHR variants were not rare (range from 0% to 30.6%) and varied greatly in different countries and race. The pathogenic genotypes varied in different regions. All the variants were “loss-of-function” mutations, in which the p.(Arg450His) variant was the most common variant. In addition, we analyzed the case reports and found that CH patients with a family genetic background expressed homozygous genotypes. Homozygotes had more obvious symptoms of hypothyroidism and higher risk of comorbidities than heterozygotes.

Conclusion

Pathogenic TSHR variants are not uncommon cause of the CH, especially in the Arabs. The role of TSHR gene detection in the treatment of children with CH needs to be further studied.
Retrospective analysis of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica infections in a level IV hospital from Lima, Peru
Authors: Ruiz Joaquim , Flores-Paredes Wilfredo , Luque Nestor , Albornoz Roger , Rojas Nayade , Espinoza Manuel , Pons Maria J
Published: December 2021

This study retrospectively analysed the emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica in a level IV hospital in Lima, Peru. A total of 64 S. enterica from January 2009 to June 2010 (Period 1, 24 isolates) and January 2012 to December 2014 (Period 2, 40 isolates) were included. Some 25 were from non-hospitalized and 39 from hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents was established by automated methods. Most of the isolates were from blood (46.9%), urine (21.9%) and faeces (14.1%). There was a reduction in blood isolates in Period 2, while all the faecal isolates were from this period. In Period 1, only 3/24 (12.5%) isolates showed antibiotic resistance, whereas 25/39 isolates (64.1%) from Period 2 were antibiotic-resistant, with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant rates of 17.9% and 20.5%, respectively. Multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant Salmonella isolates were introduced in the hospital in 2013, with Salmonella recovered from faeces from non-hospitalized patients suggested an increase in community-acquired multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant Salmonella infections.
Mission to Smaller Tribes: Challenge, Problems, and Responsibility
Authors: Loewen Jacob A.
Published: December 2021

We have recently heard that there are tribes in area X which still have had little or no gospel witness. The Lord has called us to tribal work, and we would very much appreciate it if you could tell us a little more about the location, the condition, and the customs of these tribes. We are especially interested in a tribe that has never yet had a gospel witness. Any help you can give us will be deeply appreciated.
A Thai View of the Americans
Authors: Srinawk Khamsing
Published: December 2021

Because we take for granted the way we are, we seldom think about ourselves and our values. When a perceptive foreigner tells us what he sees when he looks at us, we can be in for some surprises. The author observes that Americans value highly quantitatively measured success, material achievement, competition, individualism to the point of isolation, and that we are object-oriented rather than people-oriented.
“Ethno-Janus”: Utilizing Cultural Heritage to Plan for Future Employment
Authors: Burger Henry G.
Published: December 2021

The suddenly fashionable ethnic-heritage studies may in fact misfit a cultural group's present and future. They glorify a past that is probably no longer viable. But in a practical approach, only such heritage should be selected as may be relevant to the predictable future. In this connection, Gause's Principle suggests advantage in specialization rather than in imitation and emulation of dominant culture neighbors. Hence occupational need forecasting should be sought, and the portions likely to be filled by the dominant culture subtracted. Vocations and job elements conducive to an ethnicity's traditional strengths, such as mechanical handicrafts, are then to be induced. The target group's legends and history may then be reinterpreted toward those viable goals. The author describes this kind of approach and its application in an experiment with Navajo reservation school children.
A Muslim-Christian-Traditional Saint in Yorubaland
Authors: Doi A.R.I.
Published: December 2021

Regardless of the doctrinal position of official Islam, Muslims in most places practice customs combining features of official Islam and features of traditional patterns. The worship of Bilikisu Sungbo in Yorubaland is a case in point: She is a composite of features from the Biblical account of the Queen of Sheba, the Qur'ānic account of Bilqis (the same historic personage), and a Yoruba ancestress whose tomb is a shrine for Muslims, Christians, and pagans alike.
Language in Resocialization
Authors: Samarin William J.
Published: December 2021

One important aspect of every religious movement is its particular form of speech. In the case of the neo-Pentecostalist movement, glossolalia (tongues-speaking) has its uses in the defense of the doctrines of the movement, but its most important role is to validate the spiritual experience of the convert and to help him to “belong” to his new group. The appendix illustrates an imaginative but simple use of a questionnaire to elicit information in a potentially touchy area of investigation.
The Church and Community Development in the Bolivian Jungle
Authors: Hickman John M.
Published: December 2021

The author describes the results and effects of a program in which American and Bolivian young Methodists teamed to bring various kinds of practical help to a community of resettled Aymara Indians in the tropical lowlands They were first trained, then sent out in pairs. Greatest problems were experienced in interpersonal relations within the teams, because of differences in culture and personality. There were also certain problems caused by differences between the team members and local members of the church in their views of the role of the teams. An effort is made to evaluate the impart of the program on the local church situation.
The Refiner's Fire
Authors: Smith Donald K.
Published: December 2021

In this, the second article of a series entitled “Literacy–And Then?” on the mass media as tools of social change in Africa, the author outlines the historical background of the clash of races and cultures in southern Africa. One consequence of this clash is that masses of men, forced off the land and into the cities by deliberate economic pressures, have been detribalized, but have not been enculturated into the new urban setting. The author cites resulting social problems, and the responses of sensitive African writers. The major part of the article documents themes from African writing: Gruesomeness and sex, love of Africa, Negritude, and protest.
Islamic Culture and Christian Missions
Authors: Jennings George J.
Published: December 2021

The author describes first the various ecological patterns in the Arab world: Camel pastoralism, sheep and goat pastoralism, and agriculture, then the social structures prevalent in villages and in cities. The latter, though they contain a minority of the population, exercise a disproportionate influence, and missions ought to recognize this fact in their planning. The family is shown to be the dominant social unit, with males in firm control. Extended kinship bonds and cross-cutting moieties structure the larger society. In the arts, poetic development predominates, and the Christian message must be couched in adequate linguistic form. Religious life, though firmly based on Islam, contains many heterogeneous elements; monotheism is very strongly held, so that caution must be exercised in presenting the Christian doctrine of God so as not to exacerbate the prevalent impression that Christianity is polytheistic.
The Amish of Jamesport, Missouri
Authors: Gangel Kenneth O.
Published: December 2021

The community described is typically Amish; it is distinctive in dress, religious beliefs, refusal to participate in majority-culture technology, repudiation of the public school system, and use of buggies rather than cars. By a completely self-contained system of enculturation, the Amish perpetuate their agricultural way of life in successive generations. But though they are in no sense a burden on the surrounding community, they are coming into increasing conflict tenth this community because of their refusal to participate, especially in the school system. There is a measure of syncretism, but resolution of the conflict does not seem close, and persecution continues.
Changing People's Minds
Authors: Smith Donald K.
Published: December 2021

In this the third of a series of articles, entitled “Literacy–And Then ?” the author describes the communications networks of traditional societies (interpersonal), transitional societies (interpersonal and mass, not integrated), and modern societies (both kinds, integrated). After World War II, there was a breakdown of communications in transitional societies between the Europeanized elite in cities and the rural mass. But an integrated network is essential for achieving national unity, among other goals. The solution depends on achieving increased flow of information to all segments of the population, the development of middlemen, and the use of effective feedback mechanisms.
Indices of Mass Media Development
Authors: Smith Donald K.
Published: December 2021

In this the last of four articles centering on the topic “Literacy–And Then?” the author examines ways of evaluating mass media development. He finds a high correlation between both urbanization and per capita GNP on the one hand, and literacy on the other. Even better results would be obtained by using societies rather than countries as units of comparison. The author concludes by listing various kinds of supporting data that can be used in evaluating and planning: Both material factors and cultural factors.
Hindu-Christian Dialogue Postponed: An Exchange
Authors: Rogers C. Murray , Prakash Sivendra
Published: December 2021

The authors bring out from their own experience the tension that exists between the need for men to respect one another's beliefs and the imperative of the Christian mission to evangelize non-Christians. Non-Christians see ulterior motives in Christians' offers of dialogue. Hindus also feel that Christians are interested in dialogue only at a superficial, intellectual level, rather than in mutually sharing deep spiritual insights.
The Gbaya Dance of Diang
Authors: Noss Philip A.
Published: December 2021

Diang was the first Gbaya dance festival, and provided young boys with their first formal introduction to discipline and endurance. It was performed at the beginning of the rainy season for boys six to eight years of age. This dance was a celebration of the creation of the social order. The author describes the rites and cites a number of the songs used with them.
Linguistic Models for Religious Behavior
Authors: Nida Eugene A.
Published: December 2021

In the last issue, the author discussed the applicability of models from economics to religious change. There are also parallels between religion and language: Both employ symbols and arrangements of symbols, and both can be analyzed in terms of deep structures, kernel structures, and surface structures. Various kinds of problems can be viewed as arising from discrepancies between these levels, of the failure of one or the other to function properly. Examples of such discrepancy include racial and social discrimination in churches, and the failure of many young people to internalize the deep structure of their religion (which is shown by their casual abandonment of religion under adverse influences). Finally, comparisons are made between learning a first religion and a first language, and learning a second religion and a second language. These insights are then applied to the problem of communicating a new religion.
Involvement as a Means of Second Culture Learning
Authors: Brewster E. Thomas , Brewster Elizabeth S.
Published: December 2021

The effectiveness of a missionary depends to a large extent on his ability to communicate in the foreign language in a culturally relevant manner. The new candidate must realize the importance of simultaneously learning the new culture and the new language. This paper discusses the involvement of missionary language learners in the target community culture as a means of learning that culture. Although a good deal is known about how to train a person to perform the duties that may be expected of him abroad, there has been little systematic information about methods by which he could be prepared to cope with the extraordinary demands of a new culture. The suggestions in this paper which are intended to help meet this need, have been presented in terms of group activities in a language school. Most of the ideas could be readily used by the motivated individual as well.
Cultural Features Important to Christian Missionaries in Lebanese Villages
Authors: Jennings George J.
Published: December 2021

The author describes the tight, inward-looking structure of Lebanese village society, its basic dependence on the land, the event- and person-oriented conceptions of time and space, the peasant mystique of nature, and the kinship-oriented concept of people, marriage, and sex. Concepts of the supernatural are basically Muslim (in the villages studied), but strongly colored by the pre-Islamic nature cult. Missionaries attempting to work in such villages must learn to accept and appreciate existing culture and social structure and minimize the disruption caused by their own presence. The author lists various implications, and expresses cautious optimism about the possibilities of long-range work based on close identification with village people.
House Dedication in the Kalahari
Authors: Rice Delbert
Published: December 2021

The iKalahan people of the Philippines have traditionally had a rich religious involvement in every aspect of their lives. Since the majority of the people of the southern Kalahan area have become Christians within the last decade, they are still trying to work out the problem of maintaining the unity and richness of their community life while they readjust their religious activities to conform to their new faith. The author describes and gives a sample text of a traditional house dedication ceremony, then gives a Christian adaptation which has been successfully adopted by the iKalahan Christians. Much is made of functional equivalence between the two ceremonies.
The Structure of Myth and Bible Translation
Authors: Shaw R. Daniel
Published: December 2021

Mythologies of New Guinea peoples were analyzed in terms of “themes,” “motifs,” “plots” and “moral” in an effort to understand the peoples and their cultures and specifically to find adequate vocabulary for Bible translation. Both the advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed.
The Antioquians of Medellin
Authors: Goring Paul
Published: December 2021

The municipality of Medellin, Colombia, was studied in 1970 in order to determine the type of missionary activity that could most realistically be undertaken in this city by evangelicals wishing to share their faith effectively with the residents of this urban center. Bringing together data from local publications, statistics gathered by various branches of the government, insights into the local ethos gleaned from interviews with residents and historical facts, the author argues for a non-ecclesiastical, infiltration approach directed toward the strategically important and rapidly growing middle class.
Will You Go on a Date with Me? Predicting First Dates from Linguistic Traces in Online Dating Messages
Authors: Huang Sabrina A. , Hancock Jeffrey T.
Published: December 2021

From conveying intimacy (“I like you”) to irritation (“stop messaging me!”) and dissatisfaction (“I don’t think we’ll work out”), language use plays a fundamental yet often overlooked role in the initiation of relationships. In online dating, daters exchange messages to determine how interested they are in a partner and whether they would like to go on a first date with them. In two studies, we examined whether linguistic features present in online dating messages can predict whether a first date took place. In Study 1, we identified five interpersonal processes related to first date outcomes: investment, interdependence, emotional dynamics, decision-making, and coordination. In Study 2, we tested our hypotheses generated from Study 1 on a new dataset. Our results suggest that certain linguistic features within online dating messages can be used to predict above chance the likelihood of going on a first date.
Argumentation and Incivility in Online Forums: The Case of Discussing Colorism
Authors: Kline Susan L. , White Tiffany N. , Martins Ralph J.
Published: December 2021

Conversation argument theory is used to analyze seven online discussions of colorism, a form of skin tone prejudice. Discussants’ comments (N = 587) expressed ad hominem acts (17%), reasoning activities (59%) and delimitors (e.g., addressed objections, 37%). Unlike general forums confrontation-initiated forums had more ad hominem acts. Posts with compared to posts without ad hominem acts had fewer reasoning activities and delimitors. General colorism forums were the most civil and developed, findings that have implications for designing online forums.
Factors influencing the young physicians’ intention to use Internet of Things (IoT) services in healthcare
Authors: Hasan Najmul , Bao Yukun , Miah Shah Jahan , Fenton Alex
Published: December 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) enabled technologies to have proliferated due to their abilities to capture and exchange quality information. This empirical study aims to investigate the factors influencing the intention to use IoT services in healthcare by young physicians. An integrated model based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and diffusion of innovations (DOI) theories are drawn upon and analyzed through a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with importance-performance map analysis (IPMA). Data were collected through a structured survey questionnaire. The results indicated that behavioural intention to use IoT in healthcare services vastly affected by the attitude and value co-creation. Attitude was found to be a principal determinant followed by the relative advantage towards behavioural intention to use IoT services. The novelty of this empirical study is that the proposed integrated model provides a meaningful application of the young physicians’ intention to use IoT in healthcare in developing countries.
Service change and innovation in community end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Qualitative analysis of a nationwide primary care survey
Authors: Mitchell Sarah , Harrison Madeleine , Oliver Phillip , Gardiner Clare , Chapman Helen , Khan Dena , Boyd Kirsty , Dale Jeremy , Barclay Stephen , Mayland Catriona R
Published: December 2021

Background:

Primary healthcare teams (general practice and community nursing services) within the United Kingdom provided the majority of community end-of-life care during COVID-19, alongside specialist palliative care services. As international healthcare systems move to a period of restoration following the first phases of the pandemic, the impact of rapidly-implemented service changes and innovations across primary and specialist palliative care services must be understood.

Aim:

To provide detailed insights and understanding into service changes and innovation that occurred in UK primary care to deliver end-of-life care during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design:

Cross-sectional online survey. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Setting/participants:

United Kingdom survey of general practitioners and community nurses, circulated via regional and national professional networks.

Results:

A total of 559 valid responses were received from 387 community nurses, 156 general practitioners and 16 ‘other’. Over a third of respondents ( n = 224; 40.8%) experienced changes in the organisation of their team in order to provide end-of-life care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Three qualitative themes were identified: COVID-19 as a catalyst for change in primary palliative care; new opportunities for more responsive and technological ways of working; and pandemic factors that improved and strengthened interprofessional collaboration.

Conclusion:

Opportunity has arisen to incorporate cross-boundary service changes and innovations, implemented rapidly at the time of crisis, into future service delivery. Future research should focus on which service changes and innovations provide the most benefits, who for and how, within the context of increased patient need and complexity.
Knockdown of long non-coding MIR210HG inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatoblastoma via the microRNA-608–FOXO6 axis
Authors: Duan Yuhe , Wu He , Hao Xiwei , Li Fujiang , Liu Jie , Zhu Chengzhan , Dong Qian
Published: December 2021

Objective

Hepatoblastoma is the most common liver tumor. Recent research has found that long non-coding (lnc)RNAs are involved in multiple types of cancers, but the potential mechanism of lncRNA MIR210HG in hepatoblastoma remains unknown. The present study explored the molecular mechanism of MIR210HG in hepatoblastoma progression.

Methods

The cell counting kit-8 was used to detect cell viability, and Transwell assays assessed cell migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assays showed the relationship between MIR210HG and microRNA (miR)-608 and between miR-608 and forkhead box O6 (FOXO6). Functional tests were verified in vivo by a tumor xenograft model. The expression of MIR210HG, miR-608, FOXO6, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.

Results

MIR210HG was shown to be highly expressed in hepatoblastoma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of MIR210HG reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion in liver cancer cells, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. MIR210HG competitively combined with miR-608, and miR-608 decreased FOXO6 expression.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that knockdown of MIR210HG inhibits hepatoblastoma development through binding to miR-608 and downregulating FOXO6. Our results provide novel insights for hepatoblastoma treatment involving the MIR210HG–miR608–FOXO6 axis.
Prospective comparison of the effects of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy and restrictive fluid therapy on complications in thoracoscopic lobectomy
Authors: Li Min , Peng Mingqing
Published: December 2021

Objective

Restrictive fluid therapy is recommended in thoracoscopic lobectomy to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications, but it may contribute to hypovolemia. Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) regulates fluid infusion to an amount required to avoid dehydration. We compared the effects of GDFT versus restrictive fluid therapy on postoperative complications after thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Methods

In total, 124 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy were randomized into the GDFT group (group G, n = 62) or restrictive fluid therapy group (group R, n = 62). The fluid volume and postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery were recorded.

Results

The total fluid volume in groups G and R was 1332 ± 364 and 1178 ± 278 mL, respectively. Group R received a smaller colloid fluid volume (523 ± 120 vs. 686 ± 180 mL), had a smaller urine output (448 ± 98 vs. 491 ± 101 mL), and received more norepinephrine (120 ± 66 vs. 4 ± 18 µg) than group G. However, there were no significant differences in postoperative pulmonary complications, acute kidney injury, length of hospital stay, or in-hospital mortality between the two groups.

Conclusion

Restrictive fluid therapy performs similarly to GDFT in thoracoscopic lobectomy but is a simpler fluid strategy than GDFT. Trial registration: This study has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051339) ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx ).
Human serum albumin variants in China: a molecular epidemiological investigation and literature review
Authors: Wu Jiao-ren , Lin Min , Lin Fen , Zhan Xiao-fen , Wang Jun-li , Yang Hui , Luo Zhao-yun , Ma Zhan-zhong , Wang Chun-fang , Yang Li-ye
Published: December 2021

Background

Bisalbuminemia is a hereditary and/or acquired abnormality characterized by a double albumin (ALB) band on serum protein electrophoresis. However, there have been no epidemiological investigations of ALB variants in Chinese populations.

Methods

This retrospective study examined 71,963 unrelated subjects from five provinces in southern China. ALB variants were screened by cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.6 and ALB mutations were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-DNA sequencing.

Results

The average incidence of inherited bisalbuminemia in the southern Chinese population was 0.0264% (19/71,963). Thirteen cases showed slow and six showed fast genetic variants on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Four kinds of ALB variants were identified: proalbumin Lille (p.Arg23His), ALB Castel di Sangro (p.Lys560Glu), ALB Fukuoka-1 (p.Asp587Asn), and a novel ALB Wuxi (p.Lys562Glu). The gene frequency of ALB variants in the Wuxi region (0.126%, 13/10,297) was significantly higher than in other regions in southern China, and 90.9% (10/11) of cases of proalbumin Lille were also found in the Wuxi region.

Conclusions

This study provides the first report of the detailed prevalence and molecular characterization of ALB variants in southern China. Compared with other areas of China, Wuxi had a different pattern of ALB variants and a high prevalence of proalbumin Lille.
Family Structure, Gender, and Wages in STEM Work
Authors: Beutel Ann M. , Schleifer Cyrus
Published: December 2021

Drawing upon work effort and gendered organizations perspectives and using data from the Current Population Survey, we examine how family structure types (i.e., combinations of marital and parental statuses) shape within- and between-gender variation in the earnings of highly educated men and women working in STEM and non-STEM occupations. We find that STEM and non-STEM women earn premia for marriage and for motherhood if they are married, with higher family-related premia for STEM women. Analysis of married men and women by specific STEM category reveals the largest parenthood premium is for women in engineering. Yet, STEM men and non-STEM men generally earn more than their counterpart women, with the largest between-gender wage difference for married parents in non-STEM occupations. Taken together, these findings provide a mixed picture of movement towards gender equality in work organizations.
Toward Equitable Micromobility: Lessons from Austin E-Scooter Sharing Program
Authors: Bai Shunhua , Jiao Junfeng
Published: December 2021

This study revealed the inequitable societal impacts of E-scooters on disadvantaged populations. The study conducted a population distribution analysis to compare the use opportunities and space intrusion burdens of E-scooter sharing on four vulnerable population groups in Austin, Texas. Nearly all minority population experienced fewer E-scooter use opportunities. Ten percent of the minority population waited for a disproportionately longer time before a disturbance could be resolved. Ten percent of the low-income population were in a disadvantaged position in high opportunities and moderate burdens. Twenty percent of the physically disabled population faced more moderate-level burdens. The result did not show significant inequitable outcomes for the elderly population.
“Spanish Palliative Care Nurses’ Degree of Acceptance of a Proposal for Nursing Competencies in Palliative Care”
Authors: Guanter-Peris Lourdes , Ainhoa Molins-Mesalles , Benito-Aracil Llúcia , Solà-Pola Montserrat , Pla i Consuegra Margarida
Published: December 2021

Background

In Spain, palliative care (PC) nursing is not a recognized specialization and PC nurses do not receive systematic specialized academic training in PC. To ensure the quality of PC in Spain, the Spanish Association of Palliative Care Nursing has been working since 2011 to design a model of competencies for PC nurses. Objective: Verify whether a sample of Spanish PC nurses accepts the proposed model of PC nursing competencies describing their work. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study based on an ad-hoc questionnaire about 98 proposed competencies, which participants rated for whether they belong to the purview of PC nurses and for their degree of concordance with their own practice and their degree of importance in PC nursing. Competencies receiving approval by more than 75% of participants for the three dimensions were considered to have been accepted by consensus. Mixed logistical models were developed to study the association between demographic variables and the responses. Results: Sixty-two out of 98 proposed competencies were accepted by more than 75% of participants. We therefore considered these competencies to have been accepted by consensus. Thirty-six proposed competencies failed to meet the threshold of 75% acceptance. For competencies that were accepted overall, participants with more than 10 years of experience in PC and participants with specialized training in PC were more likely to report that these competencies were part of the purview of PC nursing. Participants age >50 were less likely to report that competencies related to research concorded with their practice. Participants accepted the importance of all 98 proposed competencies. Conclusion: The variables of experience, training and age had a statistically significant relationship with the acceptance or rejection of the proposed competencies on the basis of purview and concordance. Further research is necessary to understand more fully these relationships to eventually arrive at a consensus model for the competencies of PC nurses.
‘I prefer not to know’: Spain’s management of transnational adoption demand and signs of corruption
Authors: San Román Beatriz
Published: December 2021

The safeguards and measures to prevent child trafficking mentioned in the 1993 Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption have proven insufficient in curbing the so-called irregular adoptions. An analysis of how Spanish central authorities and intermediary agencies managed the flow of adoption dossiers between 2003 and 2013 presents their inability to react swiftly to the imbalance between adoption demand and supply. The 2015 reforms in the Spanish law introduced measures to bring demand in line with real needs. However, imaginaries that portray adopters and children from the Global South as victims of meaningless bureaucracy continue to hold true even today.
The role of third mission orientation and motivational characteristics in young scientists’ entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Muffatto Moreno , Raza Ali , Ferrati Francesco , Sheriff Michael
Published: December 2021

This study examines the relationship between the individual motivational characteristics of young scientists (i.e. PhD students and post-docs) and their entrepreneurial intention, exploring also the mediating role of their third mission orientation. For this purpose, the authors considered the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship at the level of the individual and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Having university scientists as the unit of analysis, they used structural equation modelling to survey a sample of 337 young scientists working in a major Italian university. The authors were able to empirically identify the importance of third mission orientation as a mediating variable between scientists’ motivational characteristics and their entrepreneurial intention. The entrepreneurial orientation is reinforced if scientists are also engaged in third mission activities. The findings offer valuable insights for policy makers and higher education managers to develop strategies that could enhance knowledge transfer activities and produce additional benefits for universities and societies.
Book Review: U. L. Baruah, A Bangladesh War Commentary: 1971 Radio Dispatches: Vol. 1
Authors: Kidwai Rasheed
Published: December 2021

U. L. Baruah, A Bangladesh War Commentary: 1971 Radio Dispatches: Vol. 1. Indian Council of World Affairs, Macmillan Publishers India Private Limited, 2021, ISBN: 93-5455-048-7 ₹1,650, pp. 148.