bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As dimensões da mediação da informação no âmbito das instituições arquivísticas
Authors: Santos Raquel do Rosário , Sousa Ana Claudia Medeiros de , Gomes Henriette Ferreira
Published: December 2021

A instituição arquivística, por meio da atuação consciente do arquivista, deve assumir sua condição como um ambiente mediador, em favor do acesso e da apropriação da informação por parte da coletividade, que se sentirá representada nesse ambiente e poderá apoiar o desenvolvimento do protagonismo social. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar, a partir de uma análise crítica da literatura da área da mediação da informação, reflexões acerca de como as instituições arquivísticas podem potencializar o desenvolvimento do protagonismo social. Quanto à metodologia, foi adotada a abordagem qualitativa, com o uso do método bibliográfico com a articulação de aspectos teóricos, conceituais e analíticos que subsidiaram a discussão sobre a mediação da informação no âmbito da instituição arquivística. Por meio do desenvolvimento reflexivo, concluiu-se que, ao atuar conscientemente nas atividades de mediação da informação, a fim de alcançar as dimensões dialógica, estética, formativa, ética e política, o arquivista passa a contribuir com o processo de apropriação da informação por parte dos sujeitos envolvidos na ação mediadora, favorecendo o desenvolvimento e o fortalecimento do protagonismo social desses sujeitos, do arquivista mediador e do próprio arquivo.
Políticas públicas
Authors: Assis Márcio Barbosa de , Goulart Ilsa do Carmo Vieira
Published: December 2021

Considerando a biblioteca escolar como um espaço de formação de leitores e recurso pedagógico, apresentamos uma revisão de literatura sobre a legislação em prol da biblioteca escolar, sua estrutura, equipamentos, acervos, sua utilização, da importância de se ter um profissional qualificado e a interrelação do bibliotecário com os professores, a fim de que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos seja facilitado e potencializado. Com o intuito de contribuir e fomentar o acesso ao livro e a utilização dele, o Governo Federal dispõe de marcos regulatórios para a política de biblioteca, do livro e da leitura. Discutimos também a necessidade de uma formação efetiva e continuada dos bibliotecários, professores e agentes de leitura, a fim de fortalecer a biblioteca como ambiente democrático de acesso ao conhecimento, para ações de leitura, a partir dos objetivos, funções e missão da biblioteca escolar. A biblioteca é um instrumento de desenvolvimento da cultura e também do currículo escolar, pois nutre a leitura e, consequentemente, gera o aprendizado. Mas para que esse processo seja efetivado, além de uma íntima parceria com os professores, é necessário também que as políticas governamentais sejam efetivadas, prevendo e consolidando os investimentos necessários à biblioteca escolar.
O custo da precariedade
Authors: Kern Vinícius Medina , Uriona-Maldonado Mauricio
Published: December 2021

As revistas científicas brasileiras de ciência da informação têm dotação de recursos precária, com casos de descontinuidade na publicação, interrupção de submissões e grandes atrasos na avaliação de manuscritos, com possível relação com a capacidade e a saúde de seus editores. Qual o efeito do aumento da carga de trabalho no estresse dos editores? Neste artigo, simulamos quatro cenários do estresse de editores dessas revistas baseados em dados de quantidades de submissões, avaliações e decisões editoriais. Usamos dinâmica de sistemas para modelar estoques e fluxos de artigos e verificar quatro cenários do estresse de editores de revistas por 72 meses, com distintas cargas de submissão. Em dois cenários, com cargas de submissão moderadas, os editores mantêm o estresse e o tempo total de avaliação em níveis aceitáveis, inclusive aumentando a produtividade sob pequena sobrecarga, em acordo com o que diz a literatura. Nos dois cenários com maior sobrecarga de submissões, a quantidade de horas trabalhadas por mês cresce muito, bem como o tempo total de avaliação e o estresse acumulado. Um sistema de publicação que não provê recursos suficientes para o trabalho editorial de alta qualidade em tempo adequado corrói a saúde dos editores e favorece interrupções de submissões, atrasos e até o colapso das revistas.
The eighteenth-century Dutch Republic and its inhabitants in the eyes of Teodor Anzelm Dzwonkowski
Authors: Ślęczka Tomasz
Published: December 2021

Teodor Anzelm Dzwonkowski was an average-educated nobleman who left Poland at the end of the 18th century in search of wealth. In Amsterdam, he enlisted in the army and, with the rank of corporal in the infantry, travelled to the Dutch East Indies (1787–1793) — the account of this expedition forms the main part of his memoirs written years later.

The article shows how Dzwonkowski viewed the Netherlands, its people, and the way the Dutch East India Company (whose officials he considered to be an extension of the arm of the Republic’s government) operated. His remarks concerning them are present in a small part of his diary (and, in addition, not always expressed directly), because the author’s main interest was in the exoticism of southern Africa and the Far East, and in the Poles he met during his travels. Dzwonkowski was impressed by the management and wealth of the United Provinces, especially by the ease of making a career, although he could hardly be called uncritical: he also saw the dark sides of the local reality, including the loosening of moral norms and corruption. Interestingly, despite his noble background, he seems to be free of state and religious bias against the people of the United Provinces. His view of the Dutch does not differ from the way they were described by British tourists visiting the Dutch Republic during the Stuart Period.
Het tweedepersoonsperspectief als autobiografisch masker: verdichting van auteur, verteller, protagonist, en “narratee” in Herman Teirlinck, “Zelfportret of het galgemaal”
Authors: Maas Tycho
Published: December 2021

This article explores the novel Zelfportret of het galgemaal (The Man in the Mirror, 1955) by the Flemish author Herman Teirlinck, who planned it as a literary self-portrait. Its interpretation as an autobiography hinges on one’s understanding of the second-person point of view that makes up substantial parts of this novel. Multifocality of the “you” appears to be a key feature characterizing this little explored narrative mode in autobiography. Departing from structuralist narratology by Genette and Lejeune, I investigate reader-driven reading modes as elaborated by Fludernik, Bonheim, and Schmitt to explore how the deferred referentiality of the “you” blurs the traditional dichotomy between factual historical reality and the narrative world. The narrator involves the reader in interpreting the “you” to address both the narratee (Teirlinck) and the protagonist (Henri) at the same time.
Three travellers or how to “translate” Holland to Polish readers: An approach to the image of the Netherlands in Polish travel books
Authors: Kolankowska Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

Ryszard Kapuściński believed that a journalist was a translator from one culture to another. Therefore, the idea of the paper is to analyse the way contemporary Polish travellers write about the Netherlands. The analysis will focus on the stances adopted by them in relation to the country and the way they determine their perspectives. The authors of the analysed books use keywords as metaphors that permit them to translate complex characteristics of the Dutch. The paper concentrates mainly on three aspects: titles, landscape and mentality.
Assessment of the condition of Balsam poplar trees (Populus balsamifera L.) in a residental area of Bratsk
Authors: Runova Elena , Verkhoturov Vasilij , Anoshkina Lyudmila , Garus Ivan
Published: December 2021

In this study, we investigated the health status of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) trees in a residential area of the city of Bratsk (Irkutsk Oblast, Russia). Visual and instrumental assessment of the health status of pruned and unpruned trees was performed. The identified internal defects in the tree were analyzed with a Resistograph device, which enabled the extent of decayed wood to be determined. Visual analysis revealed various types of damage: dried branches, brittle crowns, frost cracks, mechanical damage, curvature of trunks, decay and inclusions of foreign bodies. We compared trees with and without canopy pruning. We found that pruned trees were significantly more damaged than non-pruned trees. Decomposing wood at different stages of development was found in all the trees studied. A tree passport combining the visual and instrumental assessment data was compiled for each tree. The results of the research were used to formulate conclusions and recommendations for improving the management of urban trees in order to restore their ecological and aesthetic functions.
Jugadores de eSports
Authors: García Luna Miriam
Published: December 2021

Como consecuencia del gran crecimiento que han tenido los esports a lo largo de los últimos años, los jugadores profesionales de videojuegos han experimentado un gran cambio en relación a sus condiciones laborales. A lo largo del análisis de la regulación aplicable, también veremos las consecuencias que tendría aplicar la normativa relativa a los deportistas profesionales y la relativa a los artistas de espectáculos públicos. De manera adicional, trataremos todos los obstáculos que aparecen con la aplicación de la normativa actual que es de aplicación en la industria y los resultados que provoca el uso de nuevas plataformas digitales. A partir de estos datos, ofreceremos una propuesta propia para brindar a losjugadores de esports la seguridad legal que merecen dentro del ámbito laboral.
Prevention of Contact Dermatitis Due to Hand Hygiene in The Era of COVID-19
Authors: Damayanti Damayanti , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Anggraeni Sylvia , Umborowati Menul Ayu
Published: December 2021

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is known to cause COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), and it is rapidly spreading throughout the world that it is declared as a global pandemic. Hand hygiene is widely promoted as it is recommended to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Contact dermatitis is one of the risks of hand hygiene campaign during the COVID-19. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the parents' level of knowledge before and after health education about contact dermatitis due to hand hygiene. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, and the data was collected via questionnaires. This study involved 53 respondents. Result: There was a significant increase in respondents' knowledge level after being educated (Wilcoxon test, p=0.000), as evidenced in the mean score of pre-test and post-test evaluation. Conclusion: To lower the incidence, education on contact dermatitis prevention due to hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic is required.
Chickenpox Mimicking Monkeypox in Adult with Diabetes Mellitus and Acute Kidney Injury: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Wardiana Maya , Rahmadewi Rahmadewi , Murtiastutik Dwi , Sawitri Sawitri , Damayanti Damayanti
Published: December 2021

Background: Chickenpox caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in diabetes mellitus patients might exhibit similar clinical features with monkeypox, caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV). In May 2019, Singapore notified World Health Organization (WHO) of one laboratory-confirmed case of monkeypox. Considering Singapore is located near Indonesia, awareness about the possibility of an outbreak in Indonesia should be raised. Purpose: To report a case of chickenpox mimicking monkeypox in an adult with diabetes mellitus and acute kidney injury. Case: A 51-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus was suspected to have a chickenpox differential diagnosis with monkeypox. His chief complaint was multiple blisters on his body and vomiting. There was a history of feeding a monkey. From dermatological status on facial, trunk, and extremities there were multiple pleomorphic vesicles. Laboratory results showed elevated renal function. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination using VZV as primer revealed a positive result in the range of 810 bp. He was treated with intravenous acyclovir for 3 days and oral acyclovir for 7 days then discharged with improvement in skin lesions and normal renal function. Discussion: Chickenpox in adult and diabetes mellitus patients can give severe clinical manifestation mimicking monkeypox. PCR has a significant role especially when diagnosis could not be established from the physical examination. Acyclovir can be given as the therapy. Conclusion: Adult and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus are important risk factors associated with the severity and complication of chickenpox. A careful diagnostic approach and management are needed.
INTERDISCURSIVENESS IN THE HUMANITARIAN SPHERE AS SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE INTERACTION MANIFESTATION
Authors:   Astrakhan State Technical University, Bocharnikova E.A.
Published: December 2021

The article touches the problem of knowledge interaction in humanitarian discourse. Noting the increase of humanitarian knowledge role at the present stage of science development, the author of the article considers the concepts “interaction”, “discourse”, “interdiscursivity” and analyzes the interdiscourse phenomenon is as having cognitive-communicative nature. The research presents the analysis of historical and philosophical texts fragments confirming various fields of science knowledge interaction and identification of episodes of different sciences knowledge attracted in the process of generating knowledge of a particular science. The category «irterdiscursiveness» is acknowledged as the category of knowledge interaction manifestation on the discoursive level; the category “irtertextuality” reveals knowledge interaction on the textual level. It is concluded that the other areas knowledge involvement serves to implement the author's pragmatic attitudes and contributes to the creation of comprehensive knowledge. This interdisciplinary approach would give great opportunities for a deeper and expanded study of the humanities. The discussed phenomenon is widely observed nowadays, activating the multilateral relations of different areas of knowledge.
COGNITIVE AND EYE-MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES IN INDIRECT NOMINAL GROUPS ENTRENCHMENT
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Kiose M.I. , Kharlamova T.G. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University
Published: December 2021

The study reveals the reading and construal techniques employed in the process of textual entrenchment of indirect nominal groups. Entrenchment is characterized by the conventionalization of the nominal group form and the repeated referent construal scheme. The research discloses whether any repeated indirect nominal group use contributes to its entrenchment which is assessed in the oculographic experiment. It traces the eye-movement techniques and the reference identification index variations signifying the changes in the cognitive load distribution. To define the construal differences occurring in the first and repeated indirect nominal group use, we apply the system of parameters of focusing and process the parametric analysis of the text fragments. We initially hypothesized that the repeated indirect nominal group use will employ defocusing and repeated focusing schemes, however it also employed new focusing schemes. The changing roles of focusing and defocusing were evaluated oculographically and revealed the techniques of both cognitive load decrease and increase, with fixation duration decrease and stable reading regimes correlating with defocusing / repeated focusing, and identification index decrease and longer fixation duration correlating with new focusing. The results give evidence that textual entrenchment is in most cases accompanied by novel construal, and is constrained not solely by the number of repeated indirect nominal group uses but by its new roles in the text and referent construal.
Gravitational Field and Mass
Authors: Zhu Yin
Published: December 2021

It is extremely fascinating and astonishing that the gravitational field on the surface of a neutron star is with a relativistic mass density of 2.65*1016~5.87*1018kgm-3 which can be larger than the mass density of the neutron star (~1017kgm-3).Therefore, it is the author’s first intuitional imagining that this field could directly convert into mass. In so strong a gravitational field, electron and proton could be produced directly from graviton–photon collision. The gravitational field exists in everywhere in our universe. No vacuum that the region of a space is “empty” does exist. A particle is clearly always being acted on by the gravitational field. The quantum vacuum fluctuation and vacuum polarization need be re-understood with the interaction between photon and gravitational field. Therefore, the gravitational field is naturally one of the foundations of modern physics.
Proactive Guidance for Accurate UAV Landing on a Dynamic Platform: A Visual-inertial Approach
Authors: Chang Ching-Wei , Lo Li-Yu , Cheung Hiu Ching , Feng Yurong , Yang An-Shik , Wen Chih-Yung , Zhou Weifeng
Published: December 2021

This work aims to develop an autonomous system for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to land on a moving platform such as the automobile or marine vessels, providing a promising solution for a long-endurance flight operation, a large mission coverage range, and a convenient recharging ground station. Different from most state-of-the-art UAV landing frameworks which rely on UAV’s onboard computers and sensors, the proposed system fully depends on the computation unit situated on the ground vehicle/marine vessel to serve as a landing guidance system. Such novel configuration can therefore lighten the burden of the UAV and computation power on the ground vehicle/marine vessel could be enhanced. In particular, we exploit a sensor fusion-based algorithm for the guidance system to perform UAV localization, whilst a control method based upon trajectory optimization is integrated. Indoor and outdoor experiments are conducted and the result shows that a precise autonomous landing on a 43 X 43 cm platform could be performed.
Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Training for Pediatric Gait Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cherni Yosra , Gagné-Pelletier Léandre , Bouyer Laurent , Mercier Catherine
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the literature on the use of anti-gravity treadmill and its effects on lower limb motor functions in children and adolescents with locomotor impairments. Four databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science) were searched for articles from inception to August 2021. Inclusion criteria were: (1) experimental or quasi-experimental studies using the anti-gravity training as the primary intervention; (2) studies conducted in paediatricpediatric participants; (3) articles reporting outcomes related to the lower limb functions; and (4) studies published in French or English. Fifteen articles were included in the review. Studies included children and adolescents aged 4–18 years with locomotor impairments. The intervention duration was ranged from 2 and to 12 weeks, with 2-5 sessions per week. Included studies showed reported that anti-gravity training induces improvements in muscle strength, balance, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and walking endurance in children with locomotor impairments. This review provides relevant information about the modalities, outcomes and limits associated with the anti-gravity training protocol reported in the literature. Overall, the anti-gravity treadmill training could be viewed as a valuable training modality for children with cerebral palsy. However, more precise, and comprehensive description of anti-gravity rehabilitation protocols would be useful.
New Insights Into Recovery of Copper and Gold from Old Flotation Tailings from Bor, Serbia
Authors: Özdemir Erdem , Lang Aleksandra , Saari Juha , Liipo Jussi
Published: December 2021

Mining and processing tailings often contain significant amounts of valuable metals, that can represent valuable sources of secondary raw materials. Especially this is case in early-stage operations, in which the head grades were higher, and the tailings were higher grade. These tailings can also present a substantial risk to the environment. Serbia has copper deposits which have been exploited since ancient times, and these operations have generated large amounts of mineral processing tailings. The main objective of this study is to show how valuables can be recovered from chemically and mineralogically challenging tailings. After detailed chemical and mineralogical characterization, the laboratory scale flotation tests focused on evaluating the effect of particle size, different types of collectors, pH, and pulp potential. Based on the test work, copper and gold can be recovered effectively into pyrite concentrate
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) pada Pembelajaran Informatika Materi Pengolahan Angka Microsoft Excel
Authors: Sianturi Lupino
Published: December 2021

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PENERAPAN METODE DEMONSTRASI PADA MATA PELAJARAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI (TIK) MATERI MICROSOFT EXCEL DI SMP N 1 SALAM
Authors: Kurniantari Winda
Published: December 2021

Many factors affect the success of the learning objectives. Teachers are one of the determining factors for the success of a quality learning process, where teachers not only teach knowledge but also train students' skills, attitudes and mentality. The factor causing the lack of activeness of students in participating in learning is monotonous learning so that students get bored quickly and feel bored. Learning objectives can be achieved through appropriate learning models and in accordance with the concepts of the subjects to be delivered. The purpose of this study is to (1). Describe the demonstration method; (2). Implementation of demonstration methods in ICT learning. The results of this study are: (1). The learning process is more focused on the material being studied; (2). Experiences and impressions as a result of learning are more inherent in students; (3). The attention of students can be more focused; (4). Students will be able to overcome a problem that occurs in connection with what has been demonstrated.
Nawracająca hipersomnia
Authors:   Katedra i Klinika Neurologii Wieku Rozwojowego UM im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Żarowski Marcin , Szczerba Anna ,   Katedra i Zakład Biologii Komórki, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Malendowicz-Major Bogna ,   Katedra i Klinika Neurologii Wieku Rozwojowego UM im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Jankowska Anna ,   Katedra i Zakład Biologii Komórki, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu
Published: December 2021

Nawracająca hipersomnia (Zespół Kleine-Levin, KLS) jest bardzo rzadką chorobą charakteryzującą się występowaniem nawracających epizodów nadmiernej senności z nadmiernie długim czasem snu, zaburzeniami funkcji poznawczych i zachowania takimi jak: splątanie, derealizacja, apatia, kompulsywne jedzenie i hiperseksualność, trwających najczęściej kilka, kilkanaście dni, rozdzielonych okresami bezobjawowymi. Jej częstość występowania szacuje się na 1-5 przypadki na milion, a mężczyźni chorują częściej niż kobiety. Początek choroby przypada zazwyczaj na drugą dekadę życia. Pojawiająca się epizodycznie nadmierna senność jest głównym, występującym u wszystkich chorych objawem nawracającej hipersomnii. W trakcie epizodu obserwujemy sen trwający powyżej 18 godzin/dobę. Zaburzenia poznawcze są drugim najczęstszym objawem, a odczucia nierzeczywistości są powszechne i prawdopodobnie są najbardziej specyficznym objawem zespołu. U znacznej grupy chorych mogą pojawiać się objawy takie jak: kompulsywna konsumpcja wysoko kalorycznych posiłków, rozhamowanie seksualne, drażliwość i agresja. W leczeniu nawracającej hipersomnii nie ma standardu postępowania. Na podstawie danych z piśmiennictwa w celu zmniejszenia częstości i ciężkości epizodów stosuje się między innymi preparaty litu, kwasu walproinowego czy karbamazepiny.
Metabarcoding Reveals High Diversity of Benthic Foraminifera Driven by Atlantification of Coastal Svalbard
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Loi , Pawłowska Joanna , Angeles Inès Barrenechea , Zajaczkowski Marek , Pawłowski Jan
Published: December 2021

Arctic marine biodiversity is undergoing rapid changes due to global warming and modifications of oceanic water masses circulation. These changes have been demonstrated in the case of mega- and macrofauna, but much less is known about their impact on the biodiversity of smaller size organisms, such as foraminifera that represents a main component of meiofauna in the Arctic. Several studies analysed the distribution and diversity of Arctic foraminifera. However, all these studies are based exclusively on the morphological identification of specimens sorted from sediment samples. Here, we present the first assessment of Arctic foraminifera diversity based on metabarcoding of sediment DNA samples collected in fjords and open sea areas in Svalbard Archipelago. We obtained a total of 5,968,786 reads that represented 1,384 ASVs. More than half of the ASVs (51.7%) could not be assigned to any group in the reference database suggesting a high genetic novelty of Svalbard foraminifera. The sieved and unsieved samples resolved comparable communities, sharing 1023 ASVs, comprising over 97% of reads. Our analyses show that the foraminiferal assemblage differs between the localities, with communities distinctly separated between fjord and open sea stations. Each locality was characterized by a specific assemblage, with only a small overlap in the case of open sea areas. Our study demonstrates a clear pattern of the influence of water masses on the structure of foraminiferal communities. The stations situated on the western coast of Svalbard that is strongly influenced by warm and salty Atlantic Water (AW) are characterized by much higher diversity than stations in the northern and eastern part, where the impact of AW is less pronounced. This high diversity and specificity of Svalbard foraminifera associated with water mass distribution indicate that the foraminiferal metabarcoding data can be a very useful tool for inferring present and past environmental conditions in the Arctic.
Perfluorooctanoic Acid Promotes Pancreatic Β Cell Dysfunction and Apoptosis Through ER Stress and the ATF4/CHOP/TRIB3 Pathway
Authors: He Xiaowei , Wu Dan , Xu Yanan , Zhang Yaqin , Sun Yue , Chang Xiaoai , Zhu Yunxia , Tang Wei
Published: December 2021

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a widely used chemical substance, causes an increased risk of human type 2 diabetes (T2D) through a currently unknown mechanism. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PFOA regulates the functions of pancreatic β cells, which are specialized for biosynthesis and secretion of insulin, and to reveal the underlying mechanism. Treatment of the MIN6 β-cell line with PFOA caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability in CCK-8 assays. Annexin V/PI and TUNEL staining results confirmed that exposure to a high PFOA dose (500 μM) promoted apoptosis of MIN6 cells, while a low dose (300 μM) had no effects on β-cell survival. PFOA treatment, even at a low dose, diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in both primary islet perfusion and MIN6 cell experiments. Bulk RNA-sequencing data showed a significantly increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated genes, with tribbles homolog 3 (Trib3) ranking first among the altered genes. Activation of ER stress pathways was verified by qRT-PCR assays, and the ATF4/CHOP/TRIB3 pathway contributed to PFOA-induced β-cell damage. Inhibition of TRIB3 expression significantly protected MIN6 cells from PFOA-induced GSIS defects and apoptosis by ameliorating ER stress. These findings reveal a link between ER stress and PFOA-induced β-cell defects, opening up an entirely new set of questions about the pathogenesis of T2D due to environmental chemicals.
Legacy of Intensive Agricultural History in the Health of (Sub)Tropical Landscapes
Authors: Crow Susan , Hubanks Hannah , Deenik Jonathan , Maaz Tai , Glazer Christine Tallamy , Vizka Elaine , Rivera-Zayas Johanie
Published: December 2021

Soil health conceptualized as a measurable ecosystem property provides a powerful tool for monitoring progress in restoration projects or implementation of best management practices to promote sustainable agroecosystems. We surveyed soils collected from a range of land uses (i.e., protected native and non-native forest, managed pasture, unmanaged previously intensive agricultural lands, organic cropland, and conventional cropland) across a range of soil orders (Oxisol, Mollisol, Andisol, Inceptisol, and Vertisol) on three Hawaiian Islands. Forty-six metrics associated with soil health and encompassing biological, chemical, and physical properties were measured. In this multivariate survey, the most distinct group was the unmanaged, previously intensive agriculture lands, which was significantly different from all other land uses regardless of mineralogy. Importantly, the soil health of well-managed pastures in Hawaiʻi was not different from protected forests, suggesting that well-managed grazing lands may be as healthy and resilient as protected forests. A suite of 11 readily measured parameters emerged out of a first-principle approach to determining a holistic indication of soil health across a range of soils and systems in Hawaiʻi encompassing much of the diversity in the tropics and subtropics. Every land use may improve its soil health status within a reasonable range of expectations for a soil’s land use history, current land use, and mineralogy. Key drivers of the measures for soil health, including intensive land use history, current land use practices, and mineralogy, must be interwoven into the soil health index, which should set minimum and maximum benchmarks and weight parameters according to equitable standards.
Process Optimization for Biosynthesis of Pyruvate Decarboxylase (PDC) and Neuberg's Ketol (PAC) from Novel Pichia Cecembences Through Response Surface Methodology using Industrial Waste as Substrate
Authors: Mushtaq Zarina , Mukhtar Hamid
Published: December 2021

Purpose Phenyl acetyl carbinol (PAC) is an intermediate for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients(ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine etc.)which are used for the production of antiasthematics and decongestants. Chemical production of these APIsand extraction from plantis costly and cumbersome. Biosynthesis ofPACthrough condensation of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde using PDC, amore effective method, is being used. These solvents can adversely inhibit PDC. Optimization of cointeraction of significant factors was done through Response surface methodology (RSM) in relatively short time.Method The effect of incubation time (8-18hrs), temperature (30-38oC), pH (4-10) and Inoculum size (4-10%,v/v)on PAC yield, sugar consumption and PDC activity was determined.PAC was quantifiedSpactrophotometerically and HPLC.All results and models were statistically analysed. PDC,produced in 5L flask using molasses as substrate, was exposed to 40mM benzaldehyde as whole cells, crude extract and partialy purified to determine its half life as residuel activity.Results PDC activity and PAC yield were 56.27 U/ml and 8.44 g/L, respectively. The yield of PAC(2.22 to 8.44g/L) was increased by 71% after process optimization through RSM with time (13hrs), temperature(33°C) and total sugar conc. (18%,v/v) as significant factors (p-values, 0.902, 0.260 and 0.247, respectively). Process design had Adj R2 0.562, R-Squared 0.770, Adeq Precision 4.888 with a uniformly distributed standard error.PDC used in the form of Pichia cecembences cells revealed higher stability towards benzaldehyde and temperature as compared to partially purified PDC.Whole cells and partially purified PDC showed half-lives of 240 and 72hrs at 4oC whereas, 33 and 28.5hrs at 25oC. PAC,purity though HPLC was 76.18%. Conclusions Time, temperature and sugar were significant factors as they increased the PAC biosynthesis.PDC from Pichia cecembences(crabtree negative;reported in other publication by same authors), as a whole cell and purified showed better half-lives at 4 and 25oC as compared to reported PDCs.Hence, it is a promising candidate for commercial production of PAC, as its PDC was stable at 4 and 25oC in presence of Benzaldehyde.
Bibliometric study of the combustion of cane cutting waste (RAC) in the capture of Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: PEÑA SANDRA EMPERATRIZ , FORERO CARMEN , VELASCO FRANCISCO
Published: December 2021

Objective: To describe the combustion process of sugarcane RAC with CO2 capture by manganese-based oxygen transporters during the period 2015-2021. Design: Bibliometric observational study. Location: Combustion of cutting waste with CO2 capture by manganese-based oxygen conveyors.Main measures: Magazine, year of publication, first/last author, workplace and autonomous community were obtained in each register. Subsequently, the articles were classified according to their content or research area. The impact factor was obtained from the bibliometric analysis base of Scopus and Vos viewer.Results: Through the search criteria used, 475 documents were recovered in the 2015-2021 semester, excluding 2637 because they did not correspond to affiliation to centers or institutions directly related to documents related to chemical combustion and CO2 capture. In total, 73 documents were selected, in which an increase and interest in the study of these processes was verified both in the research areas and in the journals in which they are published. Most of the studies have been published in universities or research centers and differences were observed in terms of the volume of international and national scientific production, so it is necessary to increase these investigations in the country of Colombia.
Navigating the Care Between two Distinct Cultures: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Arabic-Speaking Immigrants in Norwegian Hospitals
Authors: Alkahled Tariq , Rohde Gudrun , Lie Birgit , Johannessen Berit
Published: December 2021

Background: During the past decades, there has been an increase in the number of immigrants to European and Scandinavian countries. This has challenged the health-care systems, which cater to the needs of patients despite their cultural and linguistic barriers, in these countries. Most studies on this topic have focused on the perspectives of health-care providers in delivering their service. However, the present study was aimed at understanding the lived experiences of Arabic-speaking patients in Norway in terms of their communicational and cultural interactions within the health-care system. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the linguistic-, cultural-, and health literacy-based problems experienced by Arabic-speaking patients regarding their interactions within the Norwegian health-care systemMethods: In-depth interviews with 20 participants and researcher’s participant observation were conducted to explore the idiosyncratic details and ascribed meanings that foreign-born patients attach to their everyday experience of the Norwegian health-care system. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcribed and translated versions of the in-depth interviews. Results: The findings of this study indicated three interrelated core themes. Firstly, there exist challenges in understanding and being understood because of linguistic and cultural gaps of newly migrated patients. Secondly, some patients missed the holistic and direct care available in their home countries. Finally, patients were satisfied with the Norwegian health-care system because of its compassion, care, and respect toward them as well as advanced health-care equipment. Conclusion: Arabic-speaking patients in Norwegian hospitals experienced long waiting times and linguistic problems. Hence, a better and specialized interpreter service may resolve problems emanating from communication within the system and the subsequent delays in treatment. Compassionate care and the feeling of respect and love is the core strength of the Norwegian system as perceived by the patients.
Inequality of nitrogen use and loss in global croplands caused by climate change
Authors: Ren Chenchen , Zhang Xiuming , Reis Stefan , Jin Jiaxin , Xu Jianming , Gu Baojing
Published: December 2021

Maintaining food production while reducing agricultural pollution is a grand challenge under the threats of global climate change, which has exerted negative impacts on agricultural sustainability. How agricultural nitrogen use and loss respond to climate change is rarely understood. Here we show that climate change leads to inequality of cropland nitrogen use and loss across global regions based on historical data for the period 1961-2018 from 143 countries. Increases of yield, nitrogen surplus and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are identified in 30% of countries, while reductions are observed for the remaining 70% of countries, as a result of climate change. Farm size changes further intensify the inequality of nitrogen use and pollution in global croplands. Yet, enlarging farm size can facilitate climate change adaptation, by which global cropland NUE could be increased by one-third in 2100 compared to 2018 under future shared socioeconomic pathways. Our results would be of great significance to sustain global agriculture as well as eliminate national inequalities on food production and agricultural pollution control.
Identification of Novel Gene Variants in Turkish Families with Non-Syndromic Congenital Cataracts Using Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Türkyılmaz Ayberk , Kaplan Aysin Tuba , Yalçın Sibel Öskan , Sağer Safiye Güneş , Şimşek Şaban
Published: December 2021

Purpose The present study aimed to identify the molecular etiology of non-syndromic congenital cataract (CC) using whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. Methods In the present study, ophthalmologic results and pedigree analysis of the families of 12 patients with non-syndromic CC were evaluated. WES analysis was conducted after DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples obtained from the patients.Results Twelve non-syndromic probands (10 male and 2 female) with bilateral CC were included in the study. Patient age ranged between 1 and 11 months. WES analysis showed pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in 7 (58%) of the 12 families and variant of unknown significance (VUS) in 5 (42%) of them. All the 13 different variants detected in 9 different CC-related genes were co-segregated with the disease. Autosomal dominant inheritance was found in 7 (58%) of the families and autosomal recessive inheritance was found in 5 (42%) of them.Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, the present research is one of the limited numbers of studies in the Turkish population in which genetically heterogeneous non-syndromic CC was investigated using WES analysis. Novel variants that we identified in DNMP, LSS, and WFS1 genes, which are rarely associated with the CC phenotype, have contributed to the mutation spectrum of this disease. Identifying the relevant molecular genetic etiology allows accurate genetic counseling to be provided to the families.
Frequency and Characteristic of Concomitant Fibromyalgia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gao Zi yu , Chang Zhan hao , Song Tian , Liu Dong fan , Li Xin , Lu Jing
Published: December 2021

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a confounding factor for diagnosing and assessing rheumatic disease activity. This study sought to assess the extent of this syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients at our rheumatology department. The RA patients were divided into 2 groups (RA with FM and RA without FM) according to the score of the FiRST questionnaire and modified 2016 criteria for FM. We compared the clinical data and disease activities of RA patients with and without FM. As a result, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of CRP, ESR, DAS28-ESR compared with RA patients without FM in both FiRST questionnaires and questionnaires developed to diagnose FM(2016 criteria).Furthermore, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of IgA compared to without FM. For the blood cells count, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of white blood cells, platelets and lower levels of hemoglobin compared with RA patients without FM. Only by FiRST Questionnaires, RA patients with FM showed higher levels of RF compared to without FM. However, all groups showed a similar pattern in anti-CCP and IgG, IgM. RA patients with FM showed lower levels of vitamin D (VD) and higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 compared with RA patients without FM.In conclusion,FM is a common feature in RA, more associated with high values of disease activity such as ESR, CRP and DAS28-ESR.
Histopathological Biomarkers as Indicators of the Environmental Quality of Two Estuaries in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: SANTOS ITALA Gabriela Sobral , Lira Alex Souza , Montes Carolina da Silva , Frédou Flávia Lucena , Rocha Rossineide Martins
Published: December 2021

The present study aimed at evaluating the environment quality of the Santa Cruz Channel estuary (area 1) and Sirinhaém river estuary (area 2), Northeastern Brazil, using histopathological biomarkers of liver and gills of fish species with different trophic levels as indicators. It was collected liver and gills from five species: Bairdiella ronchus (n=24) and Gobionellus stomatus (n=34) in the area 1; Caranx latus (n=35), Centropomus undecimalis (n=24) and Centropomus parallelus (n=29) from area 2. The liver showed several damages, such as, hepatic steatosis, necrosis, vacuolar degeneration, and infiltration. Centropomus undecimalis had the highest Histopathological Index of Liver (HIL). Gills exhibited moderate to severe alterations for all species, such as the lifting of epithelial cells, lamellar aneurysm, and rupture of the lamellar epithelium. Centropomus undecimalis in area 2 and G. stomatus in area 1 had the higher number of alterations in their organs. Both areas have been historically affected by mercury (Hg) pollution in área 1 and by the sugarcane industry in area 2 and the species used as biomarkers has been proven to be severely damaged in both estuaries. Species chosen in this study were considered good bioindicators of pollution and the combination of biomarkers methodologies in two organs, pioneering in the Northeastern of Brazil, was efficient in diagnosing the health status of the area using fish as bioindicator.
Considering Sex and Gender in Epidemiology: a Challenge Beyond Terminology – Methodological Research
Authors: Colineaux Helene , Soulier Alexandra , Lepage Benoit , Kelly-Irving Michelle
Published: December 2021

BackgroundEpidemiologists need tools to measure effects of gender, a complex concept originating in the humanities and social sciences which is not easily operationalized in the discipline. MethodsWe conducted a conceptual analysis and applied causal and mediation analysis methodology to standard questions in order to propose a methodologically appropriate strategy for measuring sex and gender effects in health.ResultsWe define gender as a set of norms prescribed to individuals according to their attributed-at-birth sex. Gender pressure creates a systemic gap, at population level, in behaviors, activities, experiences, etc. between men and women. A pragmatic individual measure of gender would correspond to the level at which an individual complies with a set of elements constituting femininity or masculinity in a given population, place and time. However, defining and measuring gender is not sufficient to isolate the effects of sex and gender on a health outcome. We should also think in terms of pathways to define appropriate analysis strategies. Gender could also be examined as a mechanism rather than through its realization in the individual, by considering it as an interaction between sex and environment. ConclusionsBoth analytical strategies have limitations relative to the impossibility of reducing a complex concept to a single or a few measures, and of capturing the entire effect of the phenomenon. However, these strategies could lead to more accurate and rigorous analyses of the mechanisms underlying health differences between men and women, and ultimately limit the sex and/or gender bias encountered in epidemiological and clinical research studies.
Synthesis, Composition and Structure of Complexes of Dialyzed Collagen With CuSO4
Authors: Rafikov Adham , Sadikova Dildora , Tursunkulov Oybek , Zubaydullaeva Malika
Published: December 2021

Coordination complexes of collagen with copper (II) sulfate were synthesized at different ratios of the starting materials. For the synthesis, a collagen solution was used, isolated from the skin of cattle, and then freed from electrolytes by dialysis. With an increase in the salt content, the yield of the reaction product increases. The composition and structure of the complex were determined by FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, X-ray phase analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The complex is formed due to the coordination interaction of with the nitrogen and oxygen atom of collagen and water. An inadequate change in the composition of the complexes with a change in the initial ratio of the components was found. With an excess of collagen, some of it does not bind into a complex and precipitates. With an excess of salt, almost all of the collagen is bound into a complex and a rhombic single crystal is formed. The composition of the complex changes not due to a change in the coordination number , but due to an increase in the amount of these ions. An X-ray phase analysis of the starting materials and complexes has been carried out. The correspondence of the parameters of the crystal structure in the X-ray spectra of the complexes was found for a wide ratio of the starting materials. The synthesized complexes have been successfully used for dyeing textile materials.