bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors:   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Ukraine, Kriukova Yelizaveta , Buha Svitlana ,   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The development of modern society in the world takes place in the era of rapid development of information technologies in all fields of human activity, including education. Therefore, one of the main ways of solving the problem of education modernization is the introduction of information technologies and combination with traditional educational means. The issue of ensuring the high level of information and communication technologies in the educational process becomes more urgent every year. The experience of teachers of higher education institutions shows the effectivenes of information and communication technologies integration in teaching English. Information and communication technologies enable students to be involved in the learning process, increase students’ motivation and their interest in learning English. The use of information and communication technologies in the educational process gives the possibility to reduce the time for mastering the material at the expense of clarity and to check students’ knowledge in the interactive form. The article deals with the use of modern information and communication technologies in the process of teaching English in higher education. Aspects of information and communication technologies in the process of learning a foreign language are theoretically grounded. The experience of information and communication technologies implementation in the educational process of higher educational institutions is analyzed and the main advantages and disadvantages of their application are characterized. The experience of using Quizlet (an application that helps in learning new words, phrases, terms faster and more effectively) in teaching English at the National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute of Igor Sikorsky” was analized in the context of the analysis of information technologies in higher educational establishments of Ukraine.
LAST WILLS AND TESTAMENTS AS A SOCIALLY MOTIVATED SPEECH ACTION (BASED ON ENGLISH LAST WILLS AND TESTAMENTS OF THE MID XIX – EARLY XXI CENTURES)
Authors:   Lviv Politechnic National University, Ukraine, Kulyna Olha
Published: May 2021

A Last Will and Testament as a legal document of Inheritance Law is of particular importance for the life of modern societies of all developed and underdeveloped countries. However, the study of the genre of legal discourse has hardly been the object of linguistic research. The article focuses on the analysis of the study of English Last Will and Testament as a social and communicative phenomenon which reflects socially determined needs of a testator in the situation of bequest. English Last Wills and Testaments often illustrate individual experience, every day life, social relations and even power. They also touch upon the questions of moral values in the society: evaluate right versus wrong, justify decisions, intentions and actions. The article presents an attempt to cover one aspect of the genre research, namely performative speech acts which are typical for wills. Genre performative modelling is carried out and it is proposed to consider English Last Will and Testament to be a complex performative. It is revealed that three types of explicit performatives singled out by J. Austin are common for wills: 1) I verb that; 2) I verb to; 3) I verb. Performative speech acts have been singled out: exersitives show the decision of a testator about the distribution of property to a certain person and appointment of executives (bequeath, direct, give, order, direct, declare, devise, leave, further, appoint, nominate, constitute, empover, vest, entitle, assign); expositives reveal the act of revocation (revoke, (make) void, rescind, annul, disallow); commissives express inclination to a certain action (request, declare my intention). The novelty is given to the analysis of Last Will and Testament as a social and communicative phenomenon which is generated in the situation of bequest. A method of lingual and pracmatic interpretation was applied in the article. A model of analysis has the following structure: communicative intention of a testator → act of bequest → linguistic means to carry actions in performative speech acts. The corpus of the research contains 400 Last Wills and Testaments written between 1837 and 2015 in England.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PROFILE ORIENTATION IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTATION THE CONSCIOUS CHOICE OF AN EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORY BY SENIOR PUPILS
Authors:   State University «Kryvyi Rih National University», Ukraine, Shestopalova Olena , Shulyuk Nadiya ,   State University «Kryvyi Rih National University», Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The substantiation as well as description of the technology of profile orientation in 8-9 grades of Ukrainian secondary schools are givenin the context of Ukrainian educational reform. Based on the empirical research the data of approbation of a diagnostic complex and an algorithm of group and individual work in the context of supporting future senior pupils’ conscious choice of an educational trajectory are resulted. The article presents the experience of transition programmes and career guidance for future senior pupils in the system of general secondary education of the USA and Japan, as well as the correspondent domestic experience. The aim of the publication is to present the results of testing the profile orientation technology in the unity of diagnostic, consulting and educational activity in order to implement the conscious choice educational profile in Ukrainian high school by 14-15 years old adolescents. Research methodology. The development of psychological aspects of pre-professional training is included into the general problems of the system of psychological and pedagogical, informational and organizational activities in the transition from secondary to senior school. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of experience of implementing foreign countries profile education, the basic directions of transitional programmes at entering high school for future senior pupils are highlighted. Based on the ideas of the work of the Haydens service in the USA, the use of the "F-test" and professional tests in Japanese schools and G.V. Rezapkina's programme of selection for profile classes the authors offer a vision of profile orientation technology in the context of reforming and restructuring in Ukrainian high school activities. In particular, the programme of complex assessment of motivational and intellectual characteristics of 9th grade graduates and the system of group and individual work on profile orientation are presented. Experimental work began in 2019. According to the experiment programme a comprehensive psychodiagnostics of motivational features, aptitudes, intellectual potential and special abilities of students of 8-9 grades was conductedduring 2019-2020. The sample of the study amounts 176 students of 8-9 grades (85 females, 91 males), aged 14-15 years. The result of testing the profile orientation technology is the analysis of the statistical distribution and verification of the methods reliability that are included in the psychodiagnostic complex, identifying the components effectiveness of further consulting and educational work with graduates of the main level of secondary school.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF PERSONNEL TRAINING OF THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Odessa State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine, Izbash Kateryna
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of staffing of the bodies and units of the National Police of Ukraine. It is proved that the priority direction of law enforcement reform is to improve the staffing of the National Police, which consists in its timely and optimal provision, efficient and balanced process of selection, staffing, development and dismissal of personnel. The main legal acts on staffing the National Police of Ukraine are: the Constitution of Ukraine, laws of Ukraine: «On the National Police», «On the Disciplinary Statute of the National Police of Ukraine», Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine: «On the establishment of the National Police of Ukraine»; «On approval of the Regulations on the National Police»; «On the uniform of police officers»; «On the financial support of the National Police» and others. It is analyzed that the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» adopted in 2015 contributed to the renewal of personnel work in the bodies and units of the National Police of Ukraine. It is substantiated that the positive aspects of staffing in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» are: 1) the establishment of permanent police commissions in the police to ensure transparent selection, competition and promotion of police officers; 2) mandatory presence of two members of the public in the permanent police commission; 3) holding a competition for service in the police, for a vacant position; 4) carrying out of attestation of the policeman by attestation commissions of bodies, institutions, establishments of police, in the cases directly provided by the specified Law; 5) the mechanism of movement of police officers in police bodies, institutions and establishments. However, despite the positive changes that have taken place since the establishment of the National Police, there are many issues that need to be addressed. It is argued that the essence of staffing is a timely, optimal and balanced process of selection, service, certification, dismissal of personnel and aimed at providing the National Police bodies and units with highly qualified personnel who serve society by protecting human rights and freedoms, combating crime, maintaining public safety and order.
SELECTION OF GRAINS IN CONDITIONS OF UNSTABLE HUMIDIFICATION OF THE NORTH-EASTERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Donetsk State Agricultural Science Station of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Ukraine, Bondareva Olga , Vashchenko Vladimir ,   Donetsk State Agricultural Science Station of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research is to develop a system of methods for assessing the adaptability of the selection material of spring barley and winter wheat, to create varieties with a high yield potential in conditions of unstable moisture. During 2016-2020, the Donetsk State Agricultural Science Station of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine conducted research in the direction of creating high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat and spring barley, adapted to the conditions of the northeastern region of Ukraine. The research was carried out according to the method of field work by B. A. Dospekhov and the method of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Research methods: general scientific, field, laboratory, statistical. Based on the analysis of the biological potential of the productivity elements of spring barley, the parameters of the promising variety were determined. A method for assessing the adaptability of spring barley breeding material when grown in conditions of unstable moisture has been developed. The highest yield was formed by the varieties Stalyy, Bravyy and Repriz – 3,74 t/ha, 3,78 t/ha and 3,74 t/ha, respectively (standard variety Stalker – 3,12 t/ha). To obtain highly productive genotypes of winter wheat in drought-resistant conditions of the Donetsk region, the selection of forms was carried out, the selection of forms was carried out on the basis of early earing According to the results of competitive variety testing of winter wheat, the best hybrid combinations were gk784/1 x Povaha and gk94 / 117 x Dosvid, which formed the grain yield 7,52 and 7,77 t/ha, that is, they exceeded the standard Donetskaya 48 (6,78 t/ha) by 0,74 and 0,99 t/ha. Two samples were identified according to the indicator of early maturity gk491 (gk704 / 1 x Povaha) and gk598 (Lan25 x gk789/1), which vikoloshuyut 2-4 days earlier than the standard Donetskaya 48 and during three years of study stably showed this sign.
ECOSYSTEM CONNECTIONS AND FISH HEALTH
Authors:   Drahomanov National Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Kompanets Eduard , Lavrynenko Viktoria ,   Drahomanov National Pedagogical University, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

Ecosystems are subject to many human influences. The balance between species is disturbed due to interference with the aquatic environment. Due to environmental pollution, its impact on fish and other aquatic organisms changes. This affects ecosystem connections. Changes in the environment also change the adaptive capacity of fish, leading to impaired health. Also, there is a need to study the protective capabilities of fish from the naturally occurring opportunistic species Aeromonas hydrophila, which causes infections in them. In natural hydrobiocenoses, fish, as well as pathogens of its diseases (aeromonads) are components of food chains formed by evolution. Literature sources prove that aeromonads are normally present in microbial associations of benthic microflora as a normal saprophytic component of hydroecosystems. These bacteria feed on organic residues that are concentrated at the bottom of water bodies and perform a sanitary function, like other similar types of microorganisms. The health of fish depends on their ability to adapt to the environment. Usually in the wild, fish are rarely susceptible to disease. Local populations for a long time of coexistence have formed a certain balance with other species, including parasitic. The balance is reflected by a certain rate of abundance between species. Imbalance due to fishing from the reservoir, or, conversely, with an artificial increase in numbers, leads to changes in the aquatic environment. Changes in the habitat of fish affect themselves. Fish health is changing. In nature, such a disease as aeromonosis is an ecological concept. Violation of the ecological conditions of the species leads to stress, and reduced immunity in fish, leads to fish disease. In aeromonad infections with weak symptoms in carp, a decrease in biological parameters was observed: growth, body weight, fatness and survival (57.1%). The number of blood cells in diseased fish decreased, especially leukocytes and lymphocytes. The percentage of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood of carp-infected carp increased. The introduction of the bacterium stimulated the immune response – an increase in the percentage of T-lymphocytes. The percentage of B cells did not increase significantly. In diseased fish, the percentage and number of low-activity T-lymphocytes increased, which corresponded to the presence of an immune response to the bacterium. The values of antibacterial activity of blood serum (BASC) in both groups of fish did not change.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT: REGIONAL ASPECT
Authors:   Polissya National University, Ukraine, Lavrynenko Svitlana , Kravchuk Nataliia ,   Polissya National University, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

In the context of Ukraine's orientation to the European community, taking an active part in global integration processes and strengthening sustainable socio-economic development, the issue of substantiating the essence, identifying features and factors that affect the sustainable development of regions is extremely important. There is a need to develop a new strategy for the development of the national economy, which would help to improve the quality of the ecosystem and provide society with the necessary amount of all resources. The purpose of the study is to form a set of scientific and methodological provisions for determining the content, concepts, factors and principles of effective management of sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine. The subject of the study are the principles, methods, tools for sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine. The methodology of the study of sustainable development is to form conceptual approaches to justify the importance of raising the sustainable development of regions. Sustainable development means any progressive changes, especially in the economic sphere. The essence of sustainable development is substantiated, which consists in a complex-system approach to the consideration of economic, social and ecological values in the process of functioning of economic systems. From the standpoint of taking into account natural values, economic activity should ensure economic, social and environmental development with minimal destruction of natural and surrounding ecosystems. t is proved that the management of sustainable development of the region is a complex systemic process that is related to the economic, social and environmental aspects of the region. The implementation of the management mechanism of sustainable development of the region is to ensure the balanced development of all areas of its economy on the basis of balanced management of the use of resources to address economic, social and environmental problems.
The Impact of Antihypertensive Agents on Health-Related Quality of Life of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Siddique Wajeeha , Haq Noman , Tahir Maria , Razaque Ghulam Razzaque
Published: May 2021

Chronic diseases and their treatment regimen plays a greater role in determining the patient related health outcomes of which one is Health Related Quality of Life. Hypertension itself along with its pharmacotherapy impacts HRQoL of hypertensive patients. The primary objective of the study was to determine the impact of f hypertensive medications on the health-related quality of life among hypertensive patients with the secondary objective to assess which medication significantly affects health related quality of life of hypertensive patients. A quantitative questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in outpatient departments of Sandeman Provisional Hospital (SPH) Quetta using an EQ-5D-3L to determine the Health-Related Quality of Life. Convenience Sampling technique was used for data collection. Majority of respondents (8.7%) had no problem in first three domains while having some problem in pain and anxiety domains. Following them 7.6% of patients had some problems in all domains of the EQ5D tool. Moreover. the ACE Inhibitors and Diuretics impacts HRQoL of patients of current study. A total of 263 participated in the study of which (25%) of the respondents were of age group 48 -75 years old and were married 73.4% mostly. Majority (8.7%) had no problem in first three domains while having some problem in pain and anxiety domains. ACE Inhibitors and Diuretics significantly influence the health status of hypertensive patients acquiring pharmacotherapy. It was concluded that antihypertensive agents have a significant impact on HRQoL of hypertensive patients especially Angiotensin Converting Enzymes and Diuretics, which show significant impact on HRQoL of hypertensive patients. However, it is also suggested to assess the impact of antihypertensive therapies given in combination must also be studied in order to provide health professionals a better understanding of their prescribed regimen to improve patient related health outcomes.
A Bee Colony Algorithm based Solver for Flow Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Halim Yosua , Nugraheni Cecilia Esti
Published: May 2021

Flow Shop Scheduling (FSS) is scheduled to involve n jobs and m machines in the same process sequence, where each machine processes precisely one job in a certain period. In FSS, when a machine is doing work, other machines cannot do the same job simultaneously. The solution to this problem is the job sequence with minimal total processing time.Â  Many algorithms can be used to determine the order in which the job is performed. In this paper, the algorithm used to solve the flow shop scheduling problem is the bee colony algorithm. The bee colony algorithm is an algorithm that applies the metaheuristic method and performs optimization according to the workings of the bee colony. To measure the performance of this algorithm, we conducted some experiments by using Taillard's Benchmark as problem instances. Based on experiments that have been carried out by changing the existing parameter values, the size of the bee population, the number of iterations, and the limit number of bees can affect the candidate solutions obtained. The limit is a control parameter for a bee when looking for new food sources. The more the number of bees, the more iterations, and the limit used, the better the final time of the sequence of work. The bee colony algorithm can reach the upper limit of the Taillard case in some cases in the number of machines 5 and 20 jobs. The more the number of machines and jobs to optimize, the worse the total processing time.
Pengaruh Musim Terhadap Distribusi Temperatur, Salinitas Dan Densitas Di Laut Halmahera
Authors: Suhanda Delilla
Published: May 2021

Laut Halmahera merupakan salah satu perairan yang memiliki peranan penting bagi perkembangan iklim Indonesia. Wilayah perairan Laut Halmahera merupakan jalur ARLINDO yang menjadi bagian dari sirkulasi arus global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji profil suhu, salinitas densitas dan diagram T-S di Laut Halmahera secara horizontal dan vertikal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil horizontal dan vertikal di kedua musim tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan, hal tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh pergerakan massa air New Guinea yang menyusur sepanjang pantai Papua Utara, kemudian masuk ke Laut Halmahera. Diagram T-Smenunjukkan arus yang bergerak di Laut Halmahera secara vertikal termasuk kategori SPSW atau South Pacific Subtropical Water, dibuktikan dengan nilai salinitas 34.7 PSU dan nilai suhu 14oC pada kedalaman 500 m.
STUDI PARAMETER OSEANOGRAFI FISIKA DAN KIMIA DI PERAIRAN PULAU SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Authors: Prayogo Luhur Moekti , Kurniawan Irvan Aris
Published: May 2021

Pulau Sulawesi merupakan salah satu pulau terbesar di Indonesia dan dikenal  memiliki potensi di bidang kelautan, baik dari segi pariwisata hingga potensi perikanannya. Pulau ini dilintasi garis khatuliswa di seperempat bagian utara sehingga sebagian besar wilayahnya berada di belahan bumi selatan. Geografis pulau Sulawesi yang berbeda menyebabkan perbedaan karakteristik parameter oseanografi. Salinitas dan pasang surut air laut merupakan parameter oseanografi yang dapat mempengaruhi keberlangsungan hidup biota di suatu perairan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan studi parameter oseanografi fisika kimia yang meliputi pasang surut dan salinitas di perairan pulau Sulawesi menggunakan data NOAA dan BIG. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa perairan  di sekitar Pulau Sulawesi memiliki rerata muka air tinggi sebesar 1,3 meter dan muka air rendah sebesar 0,9 meter. Kemudian dari perhitungan dihasilkan bilangan Formzahl sebesar  0,8 (0,25 < F £ 1,5) yang berarti tipe pasang surut masuk dalam kategori Campuran, cenderung Semi Diurnal. Kemudian hasil analisis salinitas menunjukkan bahwa pada bulan Juli tahun 2020 kandungan salinitas berkisar 29,63 hingga 36,45 ppt dengan rata-rata 33,99 ppt. Pada bulan November 2020 kandungan salinitas berkisar 25,71 hingga 39,74 ppt dengan rata-rata sebesar 33,50 ppt. Pada bulan Februari 2021 kandungan salinitas berkisar 27,23 hingga 37,73 ppt dengan rata-rata sebesar 33,00 ppt. Salinitas terendah diperoleh pada musim penghujan bulan November 2020 dan kandungan salinitas tertinggi pada bulan yang sama di sebagian kecil wilayah. Pada musim kemarau rata-rata kandungan salinitas air laut di perairan Sulawesi relatif tinggi dibandingkan musim penghujan dengan nilai kandungan terendah sebesar 29,63 ppt.
Il corpo tra infanzia e adolescenza
Authors: Spiga Federico
Published: May 2021

"Durante l’infanzia e l’adolescenza il nostro corpo è soggetto a grandi trasformazioni che, in particolare durante la pubertà, possono essere improvvise e repentine. I fattori che determinano la crescita somatica, le variazioni della composizione corporea e i ritmi della maturazione fisica sono sia genetici, dunque associati ai caratteri ereditari, sia ambientali, legati alla qualità dell’alimentazione, all’inquinamento e agli stili di vita. Questo studio si focalizza sulla relazione tra crescita dei ragazzi in età scolare, abitudini alimentari, propensione alla pratica motoria e sportiva e fattori socio-economici. Ne emerge un quadro interpretativo estremamente utile, anche alla luce dell’esiguità di ricerche di questo genere nel panorama italiano. Federico Spiga è Dottore di ricerca in Scienze dello sviluppo e del movimento umano presso la Scuola di Farmacia, Biotecnologie e Scienze Motorie dell’Università di Bologna. Docente di Antropometria ed Ergonomia presso l’Università di Bologna, è autore di pubblicazioni relative allo studio della composizione corporea e alla percezione dell’immagine corporea in relazione all’età, al genere, al gruppo etnico di appartenenza, all’attività fisica e allo stile di vita."
Tradurre lo spagnolo
Authors: Zucchini Luisa
Published: May 2021

La didattica della traduzione è un campo di ricerca ancora poco sviluppato e ancora più scarsi sono gli studi dedicati alla didattica della traduzione specializzata. Sebbene negli ultimi anni siano stati fatti passi avanti, le proposte didattiche elaborate per la traduzione in ambiti specializzati sono ancora pressoché assenti nella combinazione linguistica dallo spagnolo all'italiano. L’obiettivo di questo volume è proporre un modello per la didattica della traduzione specializzata fondato sullo sviluppo della competenza traduttiva da una prospettiva metodologica, un modello che possa creare negli studenti un habitus operandi applicabile alla futura attività professionale, tenendo nel debito conto i nuovi strumenti tecnologici che hanno modificato profondamente l’approccio alla traduzione.
MILLENNIALS AND TRAVELING TO DOMESTIC DESTINATION
Authors:   Universitas Tanjungpura, Faculty of Economics and Business, Indonesia, RAMADANIA Ramadania , Al FATIH Yahya ,   Universitas Tanjungpura, Faculty of Economics and Business, Indonesia, DARMA Dio Caisar ,   Samarinda High College of Economics, Department of Management, Indonesia, FAUZIAH Fenty ,   University of Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Faculty of Economics Business and Political, Indonesia
Published: May 2021

In this period, traveling has become one of the activities most in demand by the community, many people try to get rid of boredom by switching to traveling. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of lifestyle among millennials on their attitude toward traveling activities. We use survey research that is conducted to understand the causal relationships between variables with the use of a questionnaire as the instrument to obtain data. The questionnaire is distributed to 100 samples who fulfill the requirements. The sample is millennials in Pontianak City who are between 20 - 39 years old. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The hypothesis is the lifestyle and travel motivation have an effect to tour preferences. Furthermore, lifestyle, travel motivation, and tour preferences have an effect on consumer intention to travel. The result of this research shows that all the hypotheses are accepted. Not a few people think traveling has become a hobby and lifestyle because traveling itself has become a trending topic in the community.
PARTICIPATION IN ECOTOURISM EDUCATION, GENDER AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE AS DETERMINANTS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Authors:   Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Poland, PASEK Marcin , RATKOWSKI Wojciech ,   Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Poland
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research was examination of pro-environmental attitudes of the students participating in optional classes of Sustainable Tourism on the background of students who did not participate in such classes. In the research participated 126 students of tourism and recreation. From among 7 factors creating Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (SUS-TAS), 9 statements forming the first component of the scale of Environmental Sustainability – were used. The results do not confirm more positive attitudes of students realizing Sustainable Tourism. No differences were found either, in pro-environmental attitudes between respondents from a town or from a village. According to the expectations, women are characterized by more positive ecological attitudes than men. Educational contact with sustainable tourism and place of origin had no effect on environmental attitudes.
Methodological Guidance Paper: The Craft of Conducting a Qualitative Review
Authors: Wilson Suzanne M. , Anagnostopoulos Dorothea
Published: May 2021

This methodological guidance paper discusses the craft of reviewing qualitative research for a systematic review. Qualitative research is an expansive and wide-ranging domain that includes research from different disciplines, for different purposes, following different methodological traditions, and employing a variety of data collection and analysis methods. While many aspects of reviewing qualitative research are similar to reviewing quantitative research, the essay focuses on five central tasks: (1) clarifying purpose(s), (2) defining research quality, (3) situating the research in relevant contexts, (4) adding it up, and (5) practicing reflexivity—that every reviewer of qualitative research engages in.
DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF AFYONKARAHİSAR CASTLE’S PERIODICAL STRUCTURES AND ADDITIONS
Authors: KÖKER Büşra , ŞİMŞEK TOLACI Seda
Published: May 2021

An important example of defense structures that hosted different civilizations for thousands of years is the Afyonkarahisar Castle built in Anatolia. According to the societies' socio-cultural, economic characteristics, and needs, the castle structure has changed in the historical process. Structures and structural additions built in different periods constitute the physical data group for determining the transformation. The study aims to make these structures and structural additions through the data of different sources in terms of purpose and content. The physical scope of the study, is not only Upper Castle part, which is in the social memory, but also the entire castle structure, including the Middle and Lower Castle sections. All processes from which information about the structure can be obtained have been considered the study's historical scope. Combining the information obtained from different written and visual sources with the field studies data that enables the determination of the current situation of the building has been determined as a working method. In this context; history readings about the city were done, texts and documents containing travelers' impressions were scanned, and conservation inventory information was evaluated. The data referring to the spatial features of the building have been compiled within the framework of the specified physical scope and different periods. Separate evaluations of the three parts that make up the physical scope are presented with a table presenting the relationship between historical periods and period additions built in different scales in order to be able to monitor the period structural additions easily. This study, which was prepared with a focus on identifying and dating period additions for the structure, which has not been evaluated with the method of considering different sources in a holistic manner until today, is aimed to contribute to different areas, especially the history of the city, its memory and architectural features.
WESTERNISASI DAN CARA MELESTARIKAN IDENTITAS NASIONAL
Authors: AMINULLAH MUHAMMAD , aulia  , LESTARI YENI
Published: May 2021

Pengaruh budaya Barat atau yang dikenal dengan istilah “Westernisasi” telah terlihat jelas dewasa ini. Dimana pola kehidupan masyarakat semakin hari semakin hanyut dalam pola modernis dengan berkiblat kepada sistem budaya Barat (Westernisasi), yang dianggap sebagai kebudayaan modern atau sebagai alternatif budaya masa kini. Dan ini terjadi di kalangan remaja, yang begitu rapuh menerima peradaban-peradaban asing sebagai suatu kebanggaan. Pengaruh budaya ini memang tidak dapat dihindari di zaman yang semakin canggih ini, proses interaksi antar bangsa-bangsa di dunia melalui pertukaran pelajar atau mahasiswa kunjungan wisatawan dan program lainnya semakin meningkat hari demi hari. Sedangkan proteksi untuk menghadapi arus pengaruh budaya ini sangat lemah di masyarakat, sehingga merakapun mulai meninggalkan jati diri sebagai bangsa yang berbudi luhur, tanpa mengenal batas-batas ajaran agama dan moralitas budaya.
Modeling Robustness of COVID-19 Containment Policies
Authors: Hammond Ross , Ornstein Joseph T. , Purcell Rob , Haslam Matthew D. , Kasman Matt
Published: May 2021

We report on results from the application of a new computational model designed to address challenges faced by policymakers in designing and implementing COVID-19 containment measures in the face of substantial uncertainty and heterogeneity.
Logical Intuition Is Not Really About Logic
Authors: Ghasemi Omid , Handley Simon , Howarth Stephanie , Newman Ian Randal , Thompson Valerie A
Published: May 2021

Recent research suggest that reasoners are able to draw simple logical or probabilistic inferences relatively intuitively and automatically, a capacity which has been termed “logical intuition” (see, for example, De Neys & Pennycook, 2019). A key finding in support of this interpretation is that conclusion validity consistently interferes with judgments of conclusion believability, suggesting that information about logical validity is available quickly enough to interfere with belief judgments. In this paper we examined whether logical intuitions arise because reasoners are sensitive to the logical features of problem or another structural feature that just happens to aligns with logical validity. In three experiments (N = 113, 137, and 122), we presented participants with logical (determinate) and pseudo-logical (indeterminate) arguments and asked them to judge the validity or believability of the conclusion. Logical arguments had determinately valid or invalid conclusions, whereas pseudo-logical arguments were all logically indeterminate, but some were pseudo-valid (possible ‘strong’ arguments) and others pseudo-invalid (possible ‘weak’ arguments). Experiments 1 and 2 used simple Modus Ponens and Affirming the Consequent structures; Experiment 3 used more complex Denying the Antecedent and Modus Tollens structures. In all three experiments, we found that pseudo-validity interfered with belief judgments to the same extent as real validity. Altogether, these findings suggest that whilst people are able to draw inferences intuitively, and these inferences impact on belief judgments, they are not ‘logical intuitions.’ Rather, the intuitive inferences are driven by the processing of more superficial structural features that happen to align with logical validity.
Aiming at creativity and ending up with a range from low-hanging fruits to foolishness: A Reflective Model of Creativity
Authors: Pichot Nicolas , Forthmann Boris , Bonetto Eric , Arciszewski Thomas , Bonnardel Nathalie , Jaubert Sara , Pavani Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2021

The term 'creative' is commonly used in everyday language and in academic discourse to discuss the nature of artistic and innovative productions. This usage implies the existence of a variable of creativity that allows different production to be compared. The standard definition of creativity asserts that a production must possess both value and novelty in order to be considered creative. However, previous psychometric studies aimed at establishing the existence of such a creativity variable based on these two dimensions have produced results that seem to demonstrate their independence or even negative association. These widely replicated empirical results seem to call into question the notion of a single creativity variable associated with productions, leading to a paradoxical use of the term 'creative' to describe the object produced. In our study, we aimed to reproduce these results while addressing methodological errors made in previous efforts to establish construct validity. This work led us to test the existence of a common cause for the observed variations in novelty and value. The higher-order factor we obtain in our analysis encompasses subtle differences from the conventional creativity axis and interacts negatively with novelty, while correlating positively with value.
In-the-Moment Visual Information from the Infant's Egocentric View Determines the Success of Infant Word Learning: A Computational Study
Authors: Amatuni Andrei , Schroer Sara E , Zhang Yayun , Peters Ryan Ernest , Reza Alimoor , Crandall David , Yu Chen
Published: May 2021

Infants learn the meaning of words from accumulated experiences of real-time interactions with their caregivers. To study the effects of visual sensory input on word learning, we recorded infant's view of the world using head-mounted eye trackers during free-flowing play with a caregiver. While playing, infants were exposed to novel label-object mappings and later learning outcomes for these items were tested after the play session. In this study we use a classification based approach to link properties of infants' visual scenes during naturalistic labeling moments to their word learning outcomes. We find that a model which integrates both highly informative and ambiguous sensory evidence is a better fit to infants' individual learning outcomes than models where either type of evidence is taken alone, and that raw labeling frequency is unable to account for the word learning differences we observe. Here we demonstrate how a computational model, using only raw pixels taken from the egocentric scene image, can derive insights on human language learning.
Think Leader-Think (Immoral, Power-Hungry) Man: An Expanded Framework for Understanding Stereotype Content and Leader Gender Bias
Authors: Bongiorno Renata , Bain Paul Gerard , Ryan Michelle , Kroonenberg Pieter M. , Leach Colin Wayne
Published: May 2021

Men’s association with leadership is assumed to rest on stereotypes of men as more Agentic (strong, decisive, competent) and less Communal (helpful, kind, friendly) than women. Yet shortcomings in theory, measurement and analyses have obscured the nature of this bias. We use an expanded Power-Benevolence theoretical framework of stereotype content and a breakthrough analytical approach—three-mode principal component analysis, to map the basis for convergence and divergence in stereotypes of leaders with men, women and other groups. In two studies in the United States (Study 1: employed sample, N=365; Study 2: community sample, N=289), participants rated six groups on 64 traits. Across studies, there was a high overlap between men and leaders being stereotyped as more power-hungry, controlling, and domineering (“malevolent Power”) than women. Women were stereotyped as more competent than men and more compassionate and moral than both men and leaders. Thus, women’s poorer leadership fit appears to rest on stereotypes that women lack malevolent Power rather than competence. These stereotypes were unrelated to participant gender or political orientation, but were stronger for people in lower management levels and in industries with more men in leadership. In addition to providing an innovative theoretical and analytical approach to examining stereotype content in general, our findings have important implications for understanding (gendered) lay beliefs about the nature of leadership and leaders.
The role of Need for Cognition in well-being – Review and meta-analyses of associations and potentially underlying mechanisms
Authors: Zerna Josephine , Strobel Anja , Strobel Alexander
Published: May 2021

Need for Cognition (NFC) describes one’s inclination towards and enjoyment of effortful cognitive activities and has been associated with favourable academic outcomes. Yet, recent evidence also points to beneficial outcomes regarding well-being. This review gives an overview of the literature on the role of NFC in well-being in healthy adults by combining random-effects meta-analyses and a qualitative integration of evidence. Studies investigating NFC and facets of well-being were acquired via database searches and a call for unpublished results. Higher NFC was found to be associated with lower neuroticism, anxiety, negative affect, burnout, public self-consciousness, and depression and with higher positive affect, private self-consciousness, and satisfaction (|𝜌| ~ .20 with 95% confidence intervals excluding zero for all examined outcomes). While tests for publication and selection bias in the meta-analyses were negative, heterogeneity was often observed. NFC was further associated with aspects of a more stable identity and higher social confidence, while associations with addictive behaviours and physical health were inconsistent. One mechanism driving these patterns seems to be a higher perceived control in individuals with higher NFC that increases active coping, but also reduces the effectiveness of health interventions by fostering a sense of overconfidence in own resources. Thus, this review provides a leverage point for future research on NFC and well-being to improve prevention and intervention.
Heightened neural sensitivity to social pain and social gain in major depressive disorder.
Authors: Gillard Julia , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Stretton Jason , Dalgleish Tim
Published: May 2021

Social rejection represents a proximal risk factor for depression onset that is thought to activate a neuro-cognitive alarm system for social and physical pain. However, emerging evidence suggests that both social pain and social gain share an overlapping neural substrate. This remains unexplored in the context of depression. Eighteen participants with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 21 controls listened to and vividly revisited autobiographical social experiences in an ecologically valid script-driven imagery paradigm using naturalistic memory narratives. An overlapping neural substrate in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula was activated while revisiting both social-inclusion and -rejection experiences relative to neutral ones. These same regions were more active in MDD compared to controls for both rejection and inclusion narratives. Our findings add to the evidence for an overlapping neural substrate of complex representations for both positive and negative social signals and suggest a heightened neural sensitivity in MDD towards any socially salient information as opposed to selective sensitivity towards negative social experiences.
Effort reinforces learning
Authors: Jarvis Huw , Stevenson Isabelle , Huynh Amy Q , Babbage Emily , Coxon James P. , Chong Trevor
Published: May 2021

Humans routinely learn the value of actions by updating their expectations based on past outcomes – a process driven by reward prediction errors (RPEs). Importantly, however, implementing a course of action also requires the investment of effort. Recent work has revealed a close link between the neural signals involved in effort exertion and those underpinning reward-based learning, but the behavioural relationship between these two functions remains unclear. Across two experiments, we tested healthy participants (N=140) on a reinforcement learning task in which they registered their responses by applying physical force to a pair of hand-held dynamometers. We examined the effect of effort on learning by systematically manipulating the amount of force required to register a response during the task. Our key finding, replicated across both experiments, was that greater effort increased learning rates following positive outcomes and decreased them following negative outcomes, which corresponded to a differential effect of effort in boosting positive RPEs and blunting negative RPEs. Interestingly, this effect was most pronounced in individuals who were more averse to effort in the first place, raising the possibility that the investment of effort may have an adaptive effect on learning in those less motivated to exert it. By integrating principles of reinforcement learning with neuroeconomic approaches to value-based decision making, we show that the very act of investing effort modulates one’s capacity to learn, and demonstrate how these functions may operate within a common computational framework.
Vocalisation and physiological hyperarousal in infant-caregiver dyads where the caregiver has elevated anxiety
Authors: Smith Celia , Jones Emily J.H. , Charman Tony , Clackson Kaili , Mirza Farhan , Wass Sam
Published: May 2021

Co-regulation of physiological arousal within the caregiver-child dyad precedes later self-regulation within the individual. Despite the importance of unimpaired self-regulatory development for later adjustment outcomes, little is understood about how early co-regulatory processes can become dysregulated during early life. Aspects of caregiver behaviour, such as patterns of anxious speech, may be one factor influencing infant arousal dysregulation. We made day-long, naturalistic biobehavioural recordings in home settings in caregiver-infant dyads using wearable autonomic devices and miniature microphones. We examined the association between arousal, vocalisation intensity and caregiver anxiety. Moments of high physiological arousal in infants were more likely to be accompanied by high caregiver arousal when caregivers had high self-reported trait anxiety. Anxious caregivers were more likely to vocalise intensely at states of high arousal, and produce intense vocalisations that occurred in clusters. High intensity vocalisations were associated with more sustained increases in autonomic arousal for both anxious caregivers and their infants. Caregiver vocal behaviour differs in anxious parents, co-occurs with dyadic arousal dysregulation and could contribute to physiological arousal transmission. Implications for caregiver vocalisation as an intervention target are discussed.
Refugees’ and Irregular Migrants’ Self-selection into Europe
Authors: Aksoy Cevat Giray
Published: May 2021

We provide the first large-scale evidence on self-selection of refugees and irregular migrants who arrived in Europe in 2015 or 2016. Our analysis uses unique datasets from the International Organization for Migration and Gallup World Polls. We find that refugees are positively self-selected with respect to human capital, as are female irregular migrants. Male irregular migrants are negatively self-selected. These patterns hold whether analyzing individually stated main reason to emigrate, country-level conflict intensity, or sub-regional conflict intensity. Several additional analyses show that our results are unlikely to be driven by omitted variable bias or liquidity constraints. We offer a theoretical framework to explain these patterns, by extending the Roy-Borjas model to include risks related to staying in an unsafe country of origin, risks related to migration, and gender specific returns to human capital.