bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All-in-one superparamagnetic and SERS-active niosomes for dual-targeted in vitro detection of breast cancer cells
Authors: Maurer Viktor , Zarinwall Ajmal , Wang Zunhao , Wundrack Stefan , Wundrack Nicole , Ag Seleci Didem , Helm Vivien , Otenko Daniil , Frank Claudia , Schaper Fred , Stosch Rainer , Garnweitner Georg
Published: March 2022

Encapsulation of iron oxide and gold nanoparticles into the bilayer structure of transferrin-modified niosomes enables greatly enhanced and contamination-free SERS-signals in vitro as well as a dual-targeting functionality towards cancer cells.
LTCC-based Y-type thermoelectric generator with an improved heat flow guide for automotive waste heat recovery
Authors: Jaziri Nesrine , Gutzeit Nam , Bartsch Heike , Boughamoura Ayda , Müller Jens , Tounsi Fares
Published: March 2022

An improved heat guide Ag/AgPd metal-based Y-type thermoelectric generator (TEG) for converting automotive waste heat into electricity has been designed, analyzed, and manufactured with a low-cost LTCC technology.
The effects of oxygen pressure on the discharge performance of potassium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Küpper Jannis , Simon Ulrich
Published: March 2022

Applying high oxygen pressure drastically improves the discharge performance of potassium-oxygen batteries. High oxygen pressure can also prevent parasitic reactions leading towards K2SO4 and K2CO3 induced by oxygen depletion within the cathode.
Interfacial modification of Zn foil electrode with cationic surfactants enables efficient and selective CO production from CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Pan Hui , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhengguo , Min Shixiong
Published: March 2022

The dynamic CTAB-modified electrode/electrolyte interface on Zn foil is effective to promote CO2 electroreduction to CO with enhanced Faradaic efficiency and current density.
An efficient screening strategy towards multifunctional catalysts for the simultaneous electroreduction of NO3−, NO2− and NO to NH3
Authors: Lv Peng , Wu Donghai , He Bingling , Li Xue , Zhu Rui , Tang Gang , Lu Zhansheng , Ma Dongwei , Jia Yu
Published: March 2022

An efficient strategy focusing on the key protonation process was confirmed to screen multifunctional electrocatalysts for the NORR, NO2RR and NO3RR.
Water oxidation by a noble metal-free photoanode modified with an organic dye and a molecular cobalt catalyst
Authors: Zhu Yong , Wang Degao , Ni Wenjun , Gurzadyan Gagik G. , Sun Licheng , Meyer Thomas J. , Li Fei
Published: March 2022

A molecular catalyst-based, noble-metal free, dye-sensitized photoanode formed by co-loading a triphenylamine organic dye and a cobalt cubic catalyst on a TiO2 thin film, and the resulting photoanode gave photocurrents above 100 μA cm−2.
Isomer engineering of dipyrido[3,2-a:3′,4′-c]phenazine-acceptor-based red thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters
Authors: Kothavale Shantaram , Chung Won Jae , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: March 2022

Study of the donor substitution position effect on the dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine acceptor based red thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters was carried out using to isomers.
Therapeutic targeting of mitophagy in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Masaldan Shashank , Callegari Sylvie , Dewson Grant
Published: March 2022

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cardinal motor symptoms and a diverse range of non-motor disorders in patients. Parkinson's disease is the fastest growing neurodegenerative condition and was described for the first time over 200 years ago, yet there are still no reliable diagnostic markers and there are only treatments that temporarily alleviate symptoms in patients. Early-onset Parkinson's disease is often linked to defects in specific genes, including PINK1 and Parkin, that encode proteins involved in mitophagy, the process of selective autophagic elimination of damaged mitochondria. Impaired mitophagy has been associated with sporadic Parkinson's and agents that damage mitochondria are known to induce Parkinson's-like motor symptoms in humans and animal models. Thus, modulating mitophagy pathways may be an avenue to treat a subset of early-onset Parkinson's disease that may additionally provide therapeutic opportunities in sporadic disease. The PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway, as well as alternative mitophagy pathways controlled by BNIP3L/Nix and FUNDC1, are emerging targets to enhance mitophagy to treat Parkinson's disease. In this review, we report the current state of the art of mitophagy-targeted therapeutics and discuss the approaches being used to overcome existing limitations to develop innovative new therapies for Parkinson's disease. Key approaches include the use of engineered mouse models that harbour pathogenic mutations, which will aid in the preclinical development of agents that can modulate mitophagy. Furthermore, the recent development of chimeric molecules (AUTACs) that can bypass mitophagy pathways to eliminate damaged mitochondria thorough selective autophagy offer new opportunities.
Translational multi-omics microbiome research for strategies to improve cattle production and health
Authors: Wang Yixin , Guan Le Luo
Published: March 2022

Cattle microbiome plays a vital role in cattle growth and performance and affects many economically important traits such as feed efficiency, milk/meat yield and quality, methane emission, immunity and health. To date, most cattle microbiome research has focused on metataxonomic and metagenomic characterization to reveal who are there and what they may do, preventing the determination of the active functional dynamics in vivo and their causal relationships with the traits. Therefore, there is an urgent need to combine other advanced omics approaches to improve microbiome analysis to determine their mode of actions and host–microbiome interactions in vivo. This review will critically discuss the current multi-omics microbiome research in beef and dairy cattle, aiming to provide insights on how the information generated can be applied to future strategies to improve production efficiency, health and welfare, and environment-friendliness in cattle production through microbiome manipulations.
Optimal design of an axial magnetic gear by using particle swarm optimisation method
Authors: Sepaseh Jalal , Rostami Naghi , Feyzi Mohammad Reza , Sharifian Mohammad Bagher Bannae
Published: March 2022

This paper introduces a multi‐objective optimal design for an axial magnetic gear (AMG). In this study, the condition for high torque density and low cogging torque was deduced while the cost of the active materials was also reduced. The number and direction of permanent magnets and their arrangement were unchanged in the optimisation process, and the considered AMG's main dimensions were optimised using the particle swarm optimisation method. The optimised AMG was compared with the latest and similar structures with a relatively high torque density. To extract the produced torque density and cogging torque, three‐dimensional (3D) finite element analyses were conducted. The results showed that while torque density increased and cogging torque decreased, the total volume and magnetic materials used decreased significantly.
A GPU‐free real‐time object detection method for apron surveillance video based on quantized MobileNet‐SSD
Authors: Lyu Zonglei , Zhang Dan , Luo Jia
Published: March 2022

Object detection from apron surveillance video is facing enormous storage pressure and computing overhead. Large cloud server cluster is generally used and high‐speed network bandwidth is required, also equipped with powerful GPUs for computing support. The design of hardware‐friendly and efficient object detection model is challenging. This paper presents a compression method for outdoor apron surveillance videos, which is further combined with a lightweight detection model to make the inference process independent of GPU. First, the gray level variance of dynamic objects is leveraged to binarize the monitoring images, then an improved MobileNet‐SSD algorithm is proposed. Moreover, int8 quantization is performed and bit operations are designed to eliminate the floating‐point operation and it can simultaneously accelerate and compress CNN models with only minor performance degradation. Experiment results on a large‐scale dataset containing 22k monitoring images demonstrate that the compression ratio of quantized image can achieve up to 21 times, combined with quantized model, the detection on apron surveillance images can reach nearly 25FPS in a pure CPU environment, the mAP is 86.83%, and the model size is compressed to 600 kb. Significantly reduced computational complexity can be applied to embedded devices.
Impact of lensing magnification on the analysis of galaxy clustering in redshift space
Authors: Breton Michel-Andrès , de la Torre Sylvain , Piat Jade
Published: March 2022

We study the impact of lensing magnification on the observed three-dimensional galaxy clustering in redshift space. We used the RayGal suite of N-body simulations, from which we extracted samples of dark matter particles and haloes in the redshift regime of interest for future large redshift surveys. Several magnitude-limited samples were built that reproduce various levels of magnification bias ranging from s = 0 to s = 1.2, where s is the logarithmic slope of the cumulative magnitude number counts, in three redshift intervals within 1 < z < 1.95. We studied the two-point correlation function multipole moments in the different cases in the same way as would be applied to real data, and investigated how well the growth rate of structure parameter could be recovered. In the analysis, we used an hybrid model that combines non-linear redshift-space distortions and linear curved-sky lensing magnification. We find that the growth rate is underestimated when magnification bias is not accounted for in the modelling. This bias becomes non-negligible for z > 1.3 and can reach 10% at z ≃ 1.8, depending on the properties of the target sample. In our data, adding the lensing linear correction allowed us to recover an unbiased estimate of the growth rate in most cases when the correction was small, even when the fiducial cosmology was different from that of the data. For larger corrections (high redshifts, low bias, and high s value), we find that the weak-lensing limit has to be treated with caution as it may no longer be a good approximation. Our results also show the importance of knowing s in advance instead of letting this parameter free with flat priors because in this case, the error bars increase significantly.
A proper motion catalogue for the Milky Way’s nuclear stellar disc
Authors: Shahzamanian B. , Schödel R. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Martínez-Arranz A. , Sormani M. C. , Gallego-Calvente A. T. , Gallego-Cano E. , Alburai A.
Published: March 2022

We present the results of a large-scale proper motion study of the central ∼36′ × 16′ of the Milky Way, based on our high angular resolution GALACTICNUCLEUS survey (epoch 2015) combined with the HST Paschen-α survey (epoch 2008). Our catalogue contains roughly 80 000 stars, an unprecedented kinematic dataset for this region. We describe the data analysis and the preparation of the proper motion catalogue. We verify the catalogue by comparing our results with measurements from previous work and data. We provide a preliminary analysis of the kinematics of the studied region. Foreground stars in the Galactic disc can be easily identified via their low reddening. Consistent with previous work and with our expectations, we find that stars in the nuclear stellar disc have a smaller velocity dispersion than inner bulge stars, in particular in the direction perpendicular to the Galactic plane. The rotation of the nuclear stellar disc can be clearly seen in the proper motions parallel to the Galactic plane. Stars on the near side of the nuclear stellar disc are less reddened than stars on its far side. Proper motions enable us to detect co-moving groups of stars that may be associated with young clusters dissolving in the galactic centre that are difficult to detect by other means. We demonstrate a technique based on a density clustering algorithm that can be used to find such groups of stars.
GRB 190919B: Rapid optical rise explained as a flaring activity
Authors: Jelínek Martin , Topinka Martin , Karpov Sergey , Maleňáková Alžběta , Hu Y.-D. , Rigoselli Michela , Štrobl Jan , Ebr Jan , Cunniffe Ronan , Thoene Christina , Mašek Martin , Janeček Petr , Fernandez-García Emilio , Hiriart David , Lee William H. , Vítek Stanislav , Hudec René , Trávníček Petr , Castro-Tirado Alberto J. , Prouza Michael
Published: March 2022

Following the detection of a long GRB 190919B by INTEGRAL (INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory), we obtained an optical photometric sequence of its optical counterpart. The light curve of the optical emission exhibits an unusually steep rise ∼100 s after the initial trigger. This behaviour is not expected from a ‘canonical’ GRB optical afterglow. As an explanation, we propose a scenario consisting of two superimposed flares: an optical flare originating from the inner engine activity followed by the hydrodynamic peak of an external shock. The inner-engine nature of the first pulse is supported by a marginal detection of flux in hard X-rays. The second pulse eventually concludes in a slow constant decay, which, as we show, follows the closure relations for a slow cooling plasma expanding into the constant interstellar medium and can be seen as an optical afterglow sensu stricto.
Vibration loads analysis of coaxial rigid rotor in rotor interaction
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Zhang Shiming , Song Bin , Zhou Yun
Published: March 2022

A vibration load computing method for a coaxial rigid rotor was developed and applied to analyzing its vibration load in rotor interference. The structural dynamics model based on the medium-size deformation beam theory and the double-rotor aerodynamics model that contains unsteady free wake were jointly used to develop the coaxial rigid rotor's vibration load computing method. The wind tunnel test data of the XH-59A helicopter was used to validate this computing method. The vibration load of a rotor hub was analyzed in detail. The results show that the 3Ωharmonic wave amplitude of the vertical forceFzof the rotor hub and that of its pitch momentMydecrease in high pitch angle, but the 3Ωharmonic wave amplitude of the roll momentMxof the rotor hub obviously increases. The vibration load of the rotor hub increases with the decrease of the range of the coaxial rigid rotor; the roll moment and pitch moment of the rotor hub are sensitive to phase angle. The results also show that the increase of the3Ωharmonic wave amplitude of the roll momentMxis greater than the decrease of that of the roll momentMyat the phase angle of 30° and that the level of vibration load of the rotor hub is minimum at the phase angle of 0° in forward flight.
Time-varying reliability analysis of compressor blisk based on particle swash optimization extreme Kriging model
Authors: Wang Yuanzhuo , Han Zhiguo , Yang Ziyu , Lu Cheng , Xue Xiaofeng
Published: March 2022

In order to effectively realize the dynamic time-varying reliability analysis of the radial deformation of the aero-engine low pressure compressor, based on Kriging model combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and extreme value idea, a particle swarm optimization extremum Kriging model (PSOEKM) method was proposed. Firstly, the analysis principle of PSOEKM method is expounded. Secondly, the modeling idea of PSOEKM method is discussed. Then, the implementation approach of time-varying reliability analysis based on PSOEKM is explored. Finally, taking the aero-engine low pressure compressor blisk as an example, the dynamic reliability analysis is carried out by using PSOEKM. The analysis results show that the reliability is 99.76% when the allowable value of radial deformation of the compressor blisk is 1.594×10-3 m. Compared with the traditional Kriging model and the extreme response surface model, the PSOEKM method has high analysis accuracy and calculation efficiency. The method presented in this paper provides a new research idea for time-varying reliability analysis of complex structures.
Standard sample evaluation method for noise annoyance suppression from audio injection
Authors: Chen Ke'an , Li Hao , Deng Yunyun , Zhang Jun , Liu Jianben , Zhou Bing
Published: March 2022

Noise control technology based on sound energy reduction uses sound pressure level as an evaluation index, and the addition control technology proposed in recent years uses annoyance as an evaluation index. However, no method has been proposed to link the change in sound pressure level with the change in annoyance. In this paper, three types of transformer substation noise are selected as the target sounds, natural sounds and synthetic sounds are selected as the controllable sound, and the pure tone annoyance and combined noise annoyance evaluation experiments are carried out using the standard sample method, and the curve of the decrease value of annoyance and the equivalent sound pressure level change value is obtained. And the effect of audio injection annoyance control is quantitatively analyzed, aiming to build a bridge between addition control and subtraction control. The research results show the effect of controllable sound on the annoyance of substation noise. This study provides new ideas for quantitative analysis of noise control effects and substation noise control.
Study on magnetic preparation of dual disk based on silica gel magneto-elastic abrasive particles
Authors: Zhao Xuefeng , Qin Hao , Yang Yong , You Ke , Yin Xiaolong , Yuan Yin
Published: March 2022

Magneto-elastic abrasive grains have magnetism, low elastic modulus and excellent abrasive performance, and have the characteristics of bonded abrasive grains and loose abrasive grains. The dual-disk magnetic preparation greatly improves the preparation quality and efficiency. Firstly, the magneto-elastic abrasive particles are introduced into the edge preparation of the dual-disk magnetic tool, and the preparation method of 4035 silica gel magneto-elastic abrasive particles is proposed. According to the microscopic characteristics of the magneto-elastic abrasive particles, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to establish the magneto-elastic abrasive particles. The meso-level representative volume element (RVE) model is built to analyze the stress and strain law of magneto-elastic abrasive particles under tension and compression. Secondly, an experimental platform for magnetic preparation of magneto-elastic abrasive particles with dual disks was built to analyze the force of magneto-elastic abrasive particles. Finally, Through the magnetic preparation experiment of the magneto-elastic abrasive dual-disk magnetic force, the influence of the disk rotation speed, abrasive particle size and relative magnetic permeability on the cutting edge wear is studied. And compared to the magnetic abrasive particles double-disk magnetic and drag finishing method, the magneto-elastic abrasive particle double-disk magnetic preparation method can obtain the maximum edge wear amount and the maximum surface roughness decreasing amplitude. The research results are of great significance to promote the progress of our country's magnetic high-efficiency processing and magneto-finishing processing technology.
Joint design of mismatched filter and unimodular transmit waveform
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Zihao , Cheng Zhiwei , Deng Xiaobo , Liang Junli , Bai Jianchao
Published: March 2022

To improve the receiver performance, unimodular transmit waveform and mismatched filter are jointly designed by using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). A series of auxiliary variables are introduced to decouple the variables in objective function and additional constrains. Denominator normalization(fractional programming technology) and step function are applied to obtain optimal solution from some subproblems. For given transmit waveform, same-length mismatched filter is designed in receiver. The low sidelobe level performance of the present methods are illustrated with the simulation results.
Gruppenpsychotherapie – Versorgungsrealität,
Rahmenbedingungen und Ablauf
Authors: Mattke Dankwart , Mohnke Eva
Published: March 2022

In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die Versorgung mit Gruppenpsychotherapie im
ambulanten Setting, erörtern die formalen Rahmenbedingungen in
Ausbildung und Durchführung von Gruppenpsychotherapien und geben einen
kurzen Einblick in den Ablauf einer verhaltenstherapeutischen
Gruppenpsychotherapie.
Role of an in-plane ferromagnet in a T-type structure for field-free magnetization switching
Authors: Yang W. L. , Yan Z. R. , Xing Y. W. , Cheng C. , Guo C. Y. , Luo X. M. , Zhao M. K. , Yu G. Q. , Wan C. H. , Stebliy M. E. , Ognev A. V. , Samardak A. S. , Han X. F.
Published: March 2022

Deterministic magnetization switching driven by current-induced spin–orbit torque (SOT) without an external magnetic field has potential applications in magnetic random access memory. Here, we realized the field-free magnetization switching in a T-type structure (CoFeB/W/CoFeB), where the two CoFeB layers have perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA), respectively. We discovered that the direction of symmetry-breaking field is parallel to the magnetization of the bottom CoFeB (IMA), which cannot be explained by a stray field of this layer. In addition, by placing a 2.5-nm thick insulating layer of MgO between the bottom CoFeB and W layer (CoFeB/MgO/W/CoFeB) to block the interlayer exchange coupling and the spin current from the bottom CoFeB, the field-free SOT switching was still achieved, primarily due to the Néel orange-peel effect in our devices. By using micromagnetic simulations, the roughness of angstrom magnitude was introduced into the model to calculate the symmetry-breaking field, finding a qualitative agreement with experiments. Moreover, we obtained the spin Hall angle of CoFeB (θSH = −0.024) by the current-induced hysteresis loop shift method, and the contribution of the effective efficiency χ from the bottom CoFeB was accounted for about 26% of the total in the current-induced SOT switching process. These results indicated that an in-plane ferromagnet layer in the T-type structure provides not only the symmetry-breaking field but also spin current for the field-free SOT magnetization switching.
Design methodologies and fabrication of 4H-SiC lateral Schottky barrier diode on thin RESURF layer
Authors: Shimbori Atsushi , Huang Alex Q.
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses the design methodologies and fabrication of a 4H-SiC lateral reduced surface electric field (RESURF) Schottky barrier diode (SBD), using a very thin (0.7 μm) RESURF layer. The proposed optimization of the anode and cathode edge structure with recessed etch into mesa termination minimizes the electric field induced impact ionization at the edge of the active area. Three-dimensional simulations were conducted to optimize electric field distribution and enable close to ideal RESURF breakdown voltage within the device, while enabling junction isolation structure between neighboring devices through mesa etch. The design methodologies and the fabricated lateral SBD offer guidance for future efforts toward realizing a monolithic SiC high voltage integrated circuit.
Effect of induced current loss on quality factor of graphene resonators
Authors: Xiao Yang , Hu Feng , Zhu Mengjian , Zheng Jiaxing , Song Xuefeng , Liu Ying , Qin Shiqiao
Published: March 2022

As the important electric loss of a graphene resonator, intrinsic current loss has received increasing attention, but the existing research is limited to qualitative analysis and approximate calculation. Based on the microscopic behavior of carriers, we have accurately established the calculation model of induced current loss, which is in good agreement with the existing experimental results. Compared with the previous models, the model in this work can not only fit the inverse V-shaped Q − Vdc curve well but also be compatible with the V-shaped Q − Vdc curve, which is beyond the reach of the previous models. In addition, the calculation results show that selecting the appropriate gate voltage combination when stimulating the graphene resonator can increase the quality factor by nearly 1–2 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we reasonably explain the importance of DC gate voltage applied in the experiment compared with the case of non-DC gate voltage. This work realizes the accurate calculation of intrinsic current loss and is of great significance for reducing the intrinsic current loss in the practical application of graphene resonators.
Tungsten-oxide frameworks with visible light absorption: An ab initio study
Authors: Wu Ruijie , Zou Jingyun , Gao Bei , Ma Chunlan , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: March 2022

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a powerful method to develop novel materials for photocatalysis and photovoltaics. To realize efficient visible light absorption for these applications, the metal nodes play the crucial role in determining the bandgap, conduction band position, and thus the light absorption. Tungsten (W) can be an outstanding choice for MOFs owing to their semi-occupied d orbitals, which will reduce the bandgap and shift the light absorption toward the visible-light region. However, there is a lack of pure W-based MOFs (W-MOFs). Here, three W-MOFs, named BOW, BCOW, and BSOW, are constructed by using benzene-based ligands, 1,4-benzene-diol, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and 1,4-benzenedisulfonic. Ab initio calculations reveal the energetic stability and the effect of ligands on the modification of the electronic and light absorption properties of these W-MOFs. The benzene-linked BOW has a LUMO–HOMO gap of 1.85 eV and strong absorption in the range of green light owing to the weakened hybridization caused by the nonpolar-benzene-structure, whereas the stronger polarity of –COO– and –SO3– in BCOW and BSOW recovers the high W–O hybridization, enlarges the bandgap, and blueshifts the light absorption.
Turbulence structure in a very sharp thermally stratified open-channel meander
Authors: Nguyen Duy , Kirkpatrick Michael P. , Williamson N. , Armfield S. W. , Lin W.
Published: March 2022

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) results for turbulent open-channel flow through an idealized sine-generated meander with and without an internal heat source that models radiative heating from above are used to analyze the effect of a very sharp meander configuration and thermal stratification on the turbulence structure in the channel with friction Reynolds number Reτ=200. Spatial distributions of temperature, mean velocities, vorticity, mean-flow kinetic energy, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) are presented. In both cases, the cross-sectional motion is characterized by three circulation cells: a center-region cell and two weaker outer bank and inner bank cells. However, there is also a small cell observed near the corner of the channel bed inner bank at the channel outlet and the channel bed outer bank at the channel inlet. The tri-cellular cross-stream motions control the distributions of temperature and kinetic energy. In the stratified case, two separated shear layers (SSLs) are found: the first one is formed before the bend apex, and the second one is observed in the wake after the bend apex. In the neutral case, only the first SSL is observed. Turbulent amplification can be seen in both cases; however, in the stratified case, the second SSL stretches out to the channel outlet and is introduced back to the channel inlet by an anti-symmetric periodic boundary condition and then follows the outer bank line. The two SSLs converge in the region before the bend apex and amplify the turbulence more strongly there than in the neutral case. The turbulence kinetic energy budget terms for the stratified case are analyzed to determine the characteristics of production, dissipation and transport of TKE in thermally stratified meandering flow.
Enhanced solar-blind deep UV photodetectors based on solution-processed p-MnO quantum dots and n-GaN p–n junction-structure
Authors: Alamoudi Hadeel , Xin Bin , Mitra Somak , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Venkatesh Singaravelu , Almalawi Dhaifallah , Alwadai Norah , Alharbi Zohoor , Subahi Ahmad , Roqan Iman S.
Published: March 2022

Obtaining p-type wide-bandgap semiconductors with a bandgap >3.5 eV is still challenging. Here, p–n junction devices based on wide-bandgap (≥4 eV) p-type MnO quantum dots (QDs) and n-type Si-doped GaN are fabricated. The p-MnO QDs are synthesized by cost-effective femtosecond laser ablation in liquid. A simple spray-coating method is used for fabricating the p-MnO/n-GaN-based solar-blind deep UV (DUV) photodetector. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy reveal the MnO QD crystal structure. X-ray photoelectron microscopy analysis reveals good band alignment between p-MnO QDs and n-GaN, demonstrating the (type-II) staggered band alignment p–n heterojunction-based device. Electrical and photocurrent measurements show a high photocurrent response with a low dark current, while superior photo-responsivity (∼2530 mA/W) is achieved, along with self-powered and visible-blind characteristics (265 nm cutoff), demonstrating a high-performance DUV device with high detection limit for low light level applications. This study provides insights into the potential of p-type MnO QDs for III-nitride p–n junction DUV devices.
Cavity and jet formation after immiscible droplet impact into deep water pool
Authors: Minami F. , Hasegawa K.
Published: March 2022

The impact behavior of a droplet in a liquid pool is of fundamental importance in nature and industrial applications. While there are several reports on using the same fluid type for the droplet and liquid pool, there are a few reports on the use of different liquids. Moreover, the mixing process of the droplet and liquid pool is yet to be fully quantified. Herein, we present an experimental setup to study the effect of droplet solubility in water on the impact characteristics of a deep-water pool. In this study, we used three droplets (water, ethanol, and silicone oil) with different densities, surface tensions, viscosities, and solubilities in water and visualized the impact process using a high-speed camera. The diameter of the droplets ranged from 2.0 to 3.4 mm, and the impact velocities ranged from 1.4 to 3.2 m/s. The depth of the droplet pool was fixed at 30 mm. To better understand the impact characteristics, the obtained images were processed to quantify the created cavity and the subsequent liquid jet formed by the droplet impact. Energy analysis performed during the droplet impact process for the 1000 cSt silicone oil droplet revealed that approximately 70% of the impact energy was converted into cavity energy, and the remaining 30% was converted into flow loss. These experimental results provide physical insight into the immiscibility effect on droplet impact dynamics in a deep pool and pave the way for practical applications.
Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection of second-grade hybrid nanofluid on variable heat flux surface
Authors: Chandra Roy Nepal , Ghosh Ayantika
Published: March 2022

The natural convection flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid along a vertical plate is investigated. The effects of variable heat flux and magnetic field are considered. The governing equations for the momentum and energy transport are reduced to dimensionless equations. The finite difference method is used to solve the equations obtained by the stream-function formulation. A comparison between the present results and the relevant published results gives a good agreement. For a higher volume fraction of copper and magnetite nanoparticles, the index parameter of variable heat flux, and the Deborah number, the coefficient of skin friction decreases; however, the heat transfer increases. The converse is observed for the increasing Eckert number. The velocity and temperature increase for a larger Eckert number and decrease for a higher volume fraction of nanoparticles, the Deborah number, and the magnetic parameter. Moreover, the larger volume fraction of nanoparticles, index parameter, and the Deborah number augment the thicknesses of the momentum and thermal boundary layers.
Magnetostrictive properties of Co-Fe alloy epitaxial thin films with Co-rich composition
Authors: Noro Shota , Ohtake Mitsuru , Kawai Tetsuroh , Futamoto Masaaki , Kirino Fumiyoshi , Inaba Nobuyuki
Published: March 2022

Co75Fe25 (at. %) alloy films of 100 nm thickness are prepared on MgO(001) and (110) single-crystal substrates. A Co75Fe25(001)bcc single-crystal film is epitaxially grown on the MgO(001) substrate, whereas a Co75Fe25(211)bcc bi-crystalline film is formed on the MgO(110) substrate. The out-of-plane and in-plane lattice spacings of Co75Fe25 films are in agreement with the bulk values within small differences of less than 1%. The out-of-plane and in-plane orientation dispersions are smaller than 2°. These results show that well-defined Co75Fe25 epitaxial films consisting of single bcc phase are successfully obtained on both the MgO(001) and (110) substrates. The in-plane magnetic anisotropies of single- and bi-crystalline films are confirmed to be reflecting the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Co75Fe25 crystal with the easy <111> and hard <100> axes and the demagnetization field. The magnetostriction coefficients, (λ100, λ111), of single- and bi-crystalline films are determined to be (+60×10–6, +150×10–6) and (+55×10–6, +185×10–6), respectively. The present study has shown that a Co-Fe alloy with Co-rich composition has positive moderately-large λ100 and fairly-large λ111 values.
Reproductive performance of northern Australia beef herds. 5. Factors influencing risk of non-pregnancy
Authors: McCosker K. D. , Perkins N. R. , Fordyce G. , O’Rourke P. K. , McGowan M. R.
Published: March 2022

Context Sound reproductive efficiency is a key determinant for the overall productivity and profitability of a beef breeding business. Failure of a cow to conceive results in either culling or the cost of carrying non-pregnant animals. Aims This study aimed to determine and quantify the major factors associated with non-pregnancy in commercial beef breeding herds of northern Australia. Methods A prospective population-based epidemiological study of the likelihood of non-pregnancy in cows after an annual mating in northern Australian beef breeding cows used data from 73 herds from four broad country types and 62 323 animal years; approximately 80 property-, management-group- and cow-level risk factors were considered. A multivariable model building process was employed to scrutinise the resulting dataset, so as to identify what herd management practices, nutritional, environmental, and individual cow factors were associated with non-pregnancy and estimate their magnitude of effect. Key results Non-pregnancy was disproportionately high in the Northern Forest (32.1%), compared with the Northern Downs, Central Forest and Southern Forest where it was 17.1%, 16.0% and 13.2% respectively. Time of expected calving had the largest impact on occurrence of non-pregnancy. Parity also had a significant influence, with first-lactation cows typically having 5–12% higher non-pregnancy than did mature cows. Non-pregnancy decreased with an increasing body condition score at the branding/weaning muster for lactating cows. The difference in non-pregnancy when comparing availability of wet-season pasture phosphorus content and digestibility of pasture during the dry season was 13.2 and 10.2 percentage points respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated the substantial impact environment, herd management practices, nutrition and disease factors can have on the reproductive performance of females. Implications To optimise the efficiency of females (through reducing the occurrence of non-pregnancy) under commercial conditions in northern Australia, production systems should support beef herds calving early in the production year, being in at least moderate body condition and having access to more digestible pastures that address the nutritional requirements for both protein and phosphorus. This indicates focus for management, especially in the Northern Forest where the likelihood of non-pregnancy was highest.
Promoting seedling vigour and grain zinc accumulation in rice by priming seeds and foliar application with zinc and potassium fertiliser
Authors: Yamuangmorn Supapohn , Jumrus Suchada , Jamjod Sansanee , Prom-u-thai Chanakan
Published: March 2022

Seed priming with zinc (Zn) and potassium (K) has been suggested to improve plant growth and productivity; however, the same effects have not yet been established when a simultaneous Zn+K solution is applied. This study aimed to determine the effects of priming seed and foliar application with Zn and K solution on seedling growth, yield, and grain Zn concentration in three rice varieties (SPT1, BL and KDK). The study consisted of three independent experiments. In Experiment 1, seed germination and seedling vigour were evaluated after priming rice seeds with a solution of 0.5% ZnSO4, in combination with various concentrations (1–4%) of K, compared with a control of no Zn and K. In Experiment 2, the selected concentrations of K solution combined with Zn (Zn0K0, Zn+K0, Zn0K+ and Zn+K+) were applied for each rice variety to evaluate seedling growth and development at 7 and 21 days. In Experiment 3, foliar application with the same solution as in Experiment 2 was used to evaluate its effect on yield and grain Zn accumulation. Seed priming with Zn combined with K at concentrations of 1%, 3% and 2% resulted in the maximum seedling growth traits in SPT1, BL and KDK respectively. Seed priming with a combination of Zn and K (Zn+K+) markedly increased the dry weight of 7-day-old seedlings, for about 14–15% in SPT1 and BL varieties compared with the unprimed seeds. Moreover, foliar application with Zn+K0 and Zn+K+ increased grain yield by 16–29% in the BL variety, whereas it increased grain Zn concentration in all rice varieties by 18–27% from the control treatment. This study concluded that priming rice seed with a combination of Zn and K can be used to improve seed germination and seedling growth, whereas increasing grain yield and grain Zn concentration requires an additional foliar Zn application.
Graincast™: monitoring crop production across the Australian grainbelt
Authors: Lawes R. , Hochman Z. , Jakku E. , Butler R. , Chai J. , Chen Y. , Waldner F. , Mata G. , Donohue R.
Published: March 2022

The Australian dryland grain-cropping landscape occupies 60 Mha. The broader agricultural sector (farmers and agronomic advisors, grain handlers, commodity forecasters, input suppliers, insurance providers) required information at many spatial and temporal scales. Temporal scales included hindcasts, nowcasts and forecasts, at spatial scales ranging from sub-field to the continent. International crop-monitoring systems could not service the need of local industry for digital information on crop production estimates. Therefore, we combined a broad suite of satellite-based crop-mapping, crop-modelling and data-delivery techniques to create an integrated analytics system (Graincast™) that covers the Australian cropping landscape. In parallel with technical developments, a set of user requirements was identified through a human-centred design process, resulting in an end-product that delivered a viable crop-monitoring service to industry. This integrated analytics solution can now produce crop information at scale and on demand and can deliver the output via an application programming interface. The technology was designed to underpin digital agriculture developments for Australia. End-users are now using crop-monitoring data for operational purposes, and we argue that a vertically integrated data supply chain is required to develop crop-monitoring technology further.
Ancient and modern genomics of the Ohlone Indigenous population of California
Authors: Severson Alissa L. , Byrd Brian F. , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Owings Amanda C. , DeGiorgio Michael , de Flamingh Alida , Nijmeh Charlene , Arellano Monica V. , Leventhal Alan , Rosenberg Noah A. , Malhi Ripan S.
Published: March 2022

Significance

California supports a high cultural and linguistic diversity of Indigenous peoples. In a partnership of researchers with the Muwekma Ohlone tribe, we studied genomes of eight present-day tribal members and 12 ancient individuals from two archaeological sites in the San Francisco Bay Area, spanning ∼2,000 y. We find that compared to genomes of Indigenous individuals from throughout the Americas, the 12 ancient individuals are most genetically similar to ancient individuals from Southern California, and that despite spanning a large time period, they share distinctive ancestry. This ancestry is also shared with present-day tribal members, providing evidence of genetic continuity between past and present Indigenous individuals in the region, in contrast to some popular reconstructions based on archaeological and linguistic information.
A global analysis of tree pests and emerging pest threats
Authors: Gougherty Andrew V. , Davies T. Jonathan
Published: March 2022

Significance

The introduction of trees outside their native ranges has greatly expanded the potential ranges of their pathogens and insect pests, which risk spilling over and impacting native flora. However, we often lack a strong understanding of the host, climatic, and geographic factors that allow pests to establish outside their hosts’ native ranges. Using global datasets of pest occurrences and the native and nonnative ranges of tree hosts, we show there are strong generalizable trends controlling pest occurrences and can predict the occurrence of pests outside their hosts’ native ranges with >75% accuracy. Our modeling framework offers a powerful tool to identify future invasive pest species and the ecological mechanisms controlling the accumulation of pests outside their hosts’ native ranges.
A tethered ligand assay to probe SARS-CoV-2:ACE2 interactions
Authors: Bauer Magnus S. , Gruber Sophia , Hausch Adina , Gomes Priscila S. F. C. , Milles Lukas F. , Nicolaus Thomas , Schendel Leonard C. , Navajas Pilar López , Procko Erik , Lietha Daniel , Melo Marcelo C. R. , Bernardi Rafael C. , Gaub Hermann E. , Lipfert Jan
Published: March 2022

Significance

In the dynamic environment of the airways, where SARS-CoV-2 infections are initiated by binding to human host receptor ACE2, mechanical stability of the viral attachment is a crucial fitness advantage. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy techniques, we mimic the effect of coughing and sneezing, thereby testing the force stability of SARS-CoV-2 RBD:ACE2 interaction under physiological conditions. Our results reveal a higher force stability of SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2 compared to SARS-CoV-1, causing a possible fitness advantage. Our assay is sensitive to blocking agents preventing RBD:ACE2 bond formation. It will thus provide a powerful approach to investigate the modes of action of neutralizing antibodies and other agents designed to block RBD binding to ACE2 that are currently developed as potential COVID-19 therapeutics.
Implicit data crimes: Machine learning bias arising from misuse of public data
Authors: Shimron Efrat , Tamir Jonathan I. , Wang Ke , Lustig Michael
Published: March 2022

Significance

Public databases are an important resource for machine learning research, but their growing availability sometimes leads to “off-label” usage, where data published for one task are used for another. This work reveals that such off-label usage could lead to biased, overly optimistic results of machine-learning algorithms. The underlying cause is that public data are processed with hidden processing pipelines that alter the data features. Here we study three well-known algorithms developed for image reconstruction from magnetic resonance imaging measurements and show they could produce biased results with up to 48% artificial improvement when applied to public databases. We relate to the publication of such results as implicit “data crimes” to raise community awareness of this growing big data problem.
The photobiology of the human circadian clock
Authors: Schoonderwoerd Robin A. , de Rover Mischa , Janse Jan A. M. , Hirschler Lydiane , Willemse Channa R. , Scholten Leonie , Klop Ilse , van Berloo Sander , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Swaab Dick F. , Meijer Johanna H.
Published: March 2022

Significance

The function of our biological clock is dependent on environmental light. Rodent studies have shown that there are multiple colors that affect the clock, but indirect measures in humans suggest blue light is key. We performed functional MRI studies in human subjects with unprecedented spatial resolution to investigate color sensitivity of our clock. Here, we show that narrowband blue, green, and orange light were all effective in changing neuronal activity of the clock. While the clock of nocturnal rodents is excited by light, the human clock responds with a decrease in neuronal activity as indicated by a negative BOLD response. The sensitivity of the clock to multiple colors should be integrated in light therapy aimed to strengthen our 24-h rhythms.
Signaling irony, displaying politeness, replacing words
Authors: Escouflaire Louis
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to identify and define the different linguistic functions that emoji can carry in French and English computer-mediated discourse (CMD). Emoji are graphical icons, representing attitudes or concepts, that can be used on any smartphone or computer with a variety of communicative roles inside a conversation. Using a multimodal corpus containing 1200 emoji and the messages in which they were used, we tested an initial typology of emoji functions inspired by previous frameworks. The quantitative analysis of the data, along with the detailed examination of specific examples, led to the construction of a new, more refined typology consisting of three primary functions (expressive, interpretative and referential) and five secondary functions (relational, politeness, emphatic, structural and aesthetic).
Negotiating identities
Authors: Kroo Judit
Published: March 2022

This study examines processes through which social personae are conveyed by male Japanese students at a public university in Yokohama. Focusing on the frame-setting function of first person pronominals (FPPs) in contexts where there is no intra/inter speaker variation in the choice of FPP, this paper analyzes how speakers manage identity-associated discursive alignments related to a shared Okinawa prefecture background. The common experience of being from Okinawa prefecture and attending university far from home is the primary reason that these speakers are close friends. However, analysis reveals speakers’ continual and active contention and re-formulation of this shared ‘Okinawan-ness’ and the personae to which it is linked. In particular, FPPs are implicated in speakers’ discussion of heterogeneity and/or local differences with respect to their Okinawa prefecture background. Strategic use of FPPs thus emerges as a salient tactic for speakers’ active negotiation of conversation relevant personae categories even in interactional contexts without variation.
Performing right-wing political identities on reader comments pages
Authors: Breeze Ruth
Published: March 2022

Recent discourse research has examined the rise of right-wing populism. Yet the predominant focus on political
parties and politicians means that we know less about how right-wing identities are performed among ordinary people with different
degrees of political engagement. This paper examines reader comments pages in three British newspapers, analysing how participants
perform, defend and reinforce their political identities in online fora. It traces how supporters of the far-right United Kingdom
Independence Party perform collective identities and enact political antagonisms. The conclusions emphasise how online media
particularly propitiate the blending of personal and societal discourses, and suggest that the internal dynamics of affordances
such as comments pages propel conflict escalation and heighten antagonism.