bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
rehh 2.0: a reimplementation of the R package rehh to detect positive selection from haplotype structure
Authors: Gautier Mathieu , Klassmann Alexander , Vitalis Renaud
Published: August 2016

Identifying genomic regions with unusually high local haplotype homozygosity represents a powerful strategy to characterize candidate genes responding to natural or artificial positive selection. To that end, statistics measuring the extent of haplotype homozygosity within (e.g., EHH, iHS) and between (Rsb or XP-EHH) populations have been proposed in the literature. Therehhpackage for R was previously developed to facilitate genome-wide scans of selection, based on the analysis of long-range haplotypes. However, its performance wasn’t sufficient to cope with the growing size of available data sets. Here we propose a major upgrade of therehhpackage, which includes an improved processing of the input files, a faster algorithm to enumerate haplotypes, as well as multi-threading. As illustrated with the analysis of large human haplotype data sets, these improvements decrease the computation time by more than an order of magnitude. This new version ofrehhwill thus allow performing iHS-, Rsb- or XP-EHH-based scans on large data sets. The packagerehh2.0 is available from the CRAN repository (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rehh/index.html) together with help files and a detailed manual.
Rapid resistome mapping using nanopore sequencing
Authors: van der Helm Eric , Imamovic Lejla , Hashim Ellabaan Mostafa M , van Schaik Willem , Koza Anna , Sommer Morten O. A.
Published: August 2016

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens has become a major threat to modern medicine and in particular hospitalized patients. The outcome of antibiotic treatment can be affected by the composition of the gut resistome either by enabling resistance gene acquisition of infecting pathogens or by modulating the collateral effects of antibiotic treatment on the commensal microbiome. Accordingly, knowledge of the gut resistome composition could enable more effective and individualized treatment of bacterial infections. Yet, rapid workflows for resistome characterization are lacking. To address this challenge we developed the poreFUME workflow that deploys functional metagenomic selections and nanopore sequencing to resistome mapping. We demonstrate the approach by functionally characterizing the gut resistome of an ICU patient. The accuracy of the poreFUME pipeline is >97 % sufficient for the reliable annotation of antibiotic resistance genes. The poreFUME pipeline provides a promising approach for efficient resistome profiling that could inform antibiotic treatment decisions in the future.
Guinier peak analysis for visual and automated inspection of small-angle X-ray scattering data
Authors: Putnam Christopher D.
Published: August 2016

The Guinier region in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) defines the radius of gyration,Rg, and the forward scattering intensity,I(0). In Guinier peak analysis (GPA), the plot ofqI(q)versus q2transforms the Guinier region into a characteristic peak for visual and automated inspection of data. Deviations of the peak position from the theoretical position in dimensionless GPA plots can suggest parameter errors, problematic low-resolution data, some kinds of intermolecular interactions or elongated scatters. To facilitate automated analysis by GPA, the elongation ratio (ER), which is the ratio of the areas in the pair-distribution functionP(r) after and before theP(r) maximum, was characterized; symmetric samples have ER values around 1, and samples with ER values greater than 5 tend to be outliers in GPA analysis. Use of GPA+ER can be a helpful addition to SAXS data analysis pipelines.
Large-aperture prism-array lens for high-energy X-ray focusing
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Liu Jing , Chang Guangcai , Shi Zhan , Li Ming , Ren Yuqi , Zhang Xiaowei , Yi Futing , Liu Peng , Sheng Weifan
Published: August 2016

A new prism-array lens for high-energy X-ray focusing has been constructed using an array of different prisms obtained from different parabolic structures by removal of passive parts of material leading to a multiple of 2π phase variation. Under the thin-lens approximation the phase changes caused by this lens for a plane wave are exactly the same as those caused by a parabolic lens without any additional corrections when they have the same focal length, which will provide good focusing; at the same time, the total transmission and effective aperture of this lens are both larger than those of a compound kinoform lens with the same focal length, geometrical aperture and feature size. This geometry can have a large aperture that is not limited by the feature size of the lens. Prototype nickel lenses with an aperture of 1.77 mm and focal length of 3 m were fabricated by LIGA technology, and were tested using CCD camera and knife-edge scan method at the X-ray Imaging and Biomedical Application Beamline BL13W1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, and provided a focal width of 7.7 µm and a photon flux gain of 14 at an X-ray energy of 50 keV.
Crystal structures of two ytterbium(III) complexes comprising alkynylamidinate ligands
Authors: Wang Sida , Sroor Farid M. , Liebing Phil , Lorenz Volker , Hilfert Liane , Edelmann Frank T.
Published: August 2016

Two ytterbium(III) complexes comprising alkynylamidinate ligands, namely bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)(3-cyclopropyl-N,N′-diisopropylpropynamidinato-κ2N,N′)ytterbium(III), [Yb(C5H5)2(C12H19N2)] or Cp2Yb[(iPr2N)2C—C[triple-bond]C—c-C3H5] (1) and tris(3-phenyl-N,N′-dicyclohexylpropynamidinato-κ2N,N′)ytterbium(III), [Yb(C21H27N2)3] or Yb[(CyN)2C—C[triple-bond]C—Ph]3(Cy = cyclohexyl) (2) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Both complexes are monomers; for complex2, the contribution to the scattering from highly disordered toluene solvent molecules in these voids was removed with the SQUEEZE routine [Spek (2015).Acta Cryst.C71, 9–18] inPLATON. The stated crystal data forMr, μetc. do not take these into account.
Bis(2-amino-6-methylpyridinium) 3-nitrobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Authors: Sivakumar P. , Sudhahar S. , Israel S. , Chakkaravarthi G.
Published: August 2016

In the title molecular salt, 2C6H9N2+·C8H3NO62−, the cations are protonated at their pyridine N atoms. The cations and anion are linked by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds and a π–π interaction [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.7299 (13) Å]. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the anions and cations into an infinite two-dimensional network parallel to (10-1). N—H...O hydrogen bonds generateR12(4),R21(6),R24(18) andR22(11) ring motifs. The structure also features weak C—H...O and C—H...π interactions, which lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network.
Modeling volatility on the Karachi Stock Exchange, Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Shahan , Khan Naimat U.
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The current paper aims to fill a gap in the literature by analyzing the nature of volatility on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) 100 index of the KSE, and develop an understanding as to which model is most suitable for measuring volatility among those used. The study contributes significantly to the literature as, compared with the limited previous studies of Pakistan undertaken in the past, it covers three types of data (i.e. daily, weekly and monthly) for the whole period from the introduction of the KSE 100 index on November 2, 1991 to December 31, 2013. In addition, to analyze the impact of global financial crises upon volatility, the data have been divided into pre-crisis (1991-2007) and post-crisis (2008-2013) periods.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has used an advanced set of volatility models such as autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity [ARCH (1)], generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity [GARCH (1, 1)], GARCH in mean [GARCH-M (1, 1)], exponential GARCH [E-GARCH (1, 1)], threshold GARCH [T-GARCH (1, 1)], power GARCH [P-GARCH (1, 1)] and also a simple exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model.

Findings

The results reveal that daily, weekly and monthly return series show non-normal distribution, stationarity and volatility clustering. However, the heteroskedasticity is absent only in the monthly returns making only the EWMA model usable to measure the volatility level in the monthly series. The P-GARCH (1, 1) model proved to be a better model for modeling volatility in the case of daily returns, while the GARCH (1, 1) model proved to be the most appropriate for weekly data based on the Schwarz information criterion (SIC) and log likelihood (LL) functionality. The study shows high persistence of volatility, a mean reverting process and an absence of a risk premium in the KSE market with an insignificant leverage effect only in the case of weekly returns. However, a significant leverage effect is reported regarding the daily series of the KSE 100 index. In addition, to analyze the impact of global financial crises upon volatility, the findings show that the subperiods demonstrated a slightly low volatility and the global economic crisis did not cause a rise in volatility levels.

Originality/value

Previously, the literature about volatility modeling in Pakistan’s markets has been limited to a few models of relatively small sample size. The current thesis has attempted to overcome these limitations and used diverse models for three types of data series (daily, weekly and monthly). In addition, the Pakistani economy has been beset by turmoil throughout its history, experiencing a range of shocks from the mild to the extreme. This paper has measured the impact of those shocks upon the volatility levels of the KSE.
How do they adjust their capital structure along their life cycle? An empirical study about capital structure over life cycle of Pakistani firms
Authors: Ahsan Tanveer , Wang Man , Qureshi Muhammad Azeem
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explain the adjustment rate made to target capital structures by listed non-financial firms in Pakistan during the courses of their life cycles and to determine what factors influence their adjustment rates.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used multivariate analysis to classify 39 years (1972-2010) of unbalanced panel data from listed non-financial Pakistani firms in terms of their growth, maturity and decline stages. Further, it used a fixed-effects panel data model to determine the factors that influence capital structure and adjustment rates during the life-cycle stages of firms.

Findings

The study observed a low–high–low leverage pattern during the growth, maturity and decline stages of businesses in line with tradeoff theory. Furthermore, the study observed an adjustment rate for growing firms of between 49.3-37.9 per cent, for mature firms of between 35.5-17.5 per cent and for declining firms of between 22.2-15.1 per cent toward their respective leverage targets. Furthermore, it was found that growing firms have higher leverage adjustment rates because, by having more investment opportunities, these firms can alter their capital structures easily by changing the composition of their new issues.

Practical implications

Erratic economic conditions in Pakistan have created an uncertain business environment. Therefore, even mature Pakistani firms remain skeptical about the sustainability of positive trends among current economic indicators. Furthermore, to avoid uncertainty, Pakistani firms grab short-term opportunities by using quickly available short-term debt as a main financing source. Government should introduce long-term policies that will stabilize the business environment and strengthen the financial, as well as the judicial, institutions of the country so that these firms may benefit from long-term investment opportunities and access more options for raising external financing. The results of this study will also help policymakers for other Asian economies where the capital markets are underdeveloped and where firms have higher leverage ratios, such as Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia.

Originality/value

This is the first study in Pakistan that has used a multivariate approach to classify firms into their different life-cycle stages and to discover the leverage adjustment rates of firms during those life-cycle stages.
Do Indonesian firms practice target capital structure? A dynamic approach
Authors: Haron Razali
Published: August 2016

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the dynamic aspects in the capital structure decisions of firms in Indonesia, offering an extension to the existing literature on Indonesia via a dynamic model, including the existence of target capital structure, the influencing factors, the speed of adjustments and the supporting theories to explain the findings.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a dynamic partial adjustment model estimated based on a generalized method of moments.

Findings

Indonesian firms do practice target capital structure and are influenced by firm-specific factors like profitability, business risk, firm size, liquidity and share price performance due to time-varying factors. A rapid adjustment toward target leverage is detected, thus supporting the existence of the dynamic trade-off theory (TOT). The pecking order theory (POT) also has significant influence, particularly after the new reformation of financing policy, where retained earnings are also preferred as a source of financing apart from merely external financing through bank loans. There are also traces of market timing influences where firms also seem to time their equity issuance.

Research limitations/implications

Despite relatively utilizing recent data and bigger sample firms compared to the previous limited studies on Indonesia, the results of this study, however, need to be cautiously interpreted. First, the sample chosen focused on listed firms, hence may not be generalized to all Indonesian firms, listed and unlisted. Second, the study does not separate firms by sectors and their leverage positions, that is under-levered and over-levered, so as to note that financial decisions may also be affected by the sector in which the firms operate and their leverage positions. These are to be considered in future research.

Practical implications

There is strong evidence that the corporate financing behavior of Indonesian firms is governed by the POT and TOT. Both are dealing with the function of debt. The financial sector reformation does have a positive impact on the banking sector, but not the local corporate bond market. Therefore, regulators and policymakers should bear in mind that banking as well as private bond market in Indonesia must be tailored in such a way that both could act as intermediaries of debt financing, as bond market represents an important component of a diversified financial sector.

Originality/value

This study fills the gap by providing an extension to the existing literature and a deeper insight of the capital structure of Indonesian firms using a more robust dynamic model.
High frequency traders in a simulated market
Authors: Hanson Thomas A.
Published: August 2016

Purpose

An agent-based market simulation is utilized to examine the impact of high frequency trading (HFT) on various aspects of the stock market. This study aims to provide a baseline understanding of the effect of HFT on markets by using a paradigm of zero-intelligence traders and examining the resulting structural changes.

Design/methodology/approach

A continuous double auction setting with zero-intelligence traders is used by adapting the model of Gode and Sunder (1993) to include algorithmic high frequency (HF) traders who retrade by marking up their shares by a fixed percentage. The simulation examines the effects of two independent factors, the number of HF traders and their markup percentage, on several dependent variables, principally volume, market efficiency, trader surplus and volatility. Results of the simulations are tested with two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests.

Findings

In the simulation results, trading volume, efficiency and total surplus vary directly with the number of traders employing HFT. Results also reveal that market volatility increased with the number of HF traders.

Research limitations/implications

Increases in volume, efficiency and total surplus represent market improvements due to the trading activities of HF traders. However, the increase in volatility is worrisome, and some of the surplus increase appears to come at the expense of long-term-oriented investors. However, the relatively recent development of HFT and dearth of appropriate data make direct calibration of any model difficult.

Originality/value

The simulation study focuses on the structural impact of HF traders on several aspects of the simulated market, with the effects isolated from other noise and problems with empirical data. A baseline for comparison and suggestions for future research are established.
What explains the recourse of US commercial banks to securitization?
Authors: Bensalah Nesrine , Fedhila Hassouna
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reasons that urge US banks to securitize.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors apply a logistic regression model to a sample of 5,394 observations. The dependent variable takes 1 if the bank securitizes and 0 if not. The authors use also, a Heckman selection model to account for the potential dependence between the decision to securitize and the decision of which assets to securitize.

Findings

The results indicate that liquidity, credit risk transfer, regulatory capital arbitrage and profitability are the most important factors that drive securitization in the USA. Moreover, the nature of the asset securitized appears to be dependent on the objective that the bank pursues. For funding and capital arbitrage objectives, the bank needs to securitize its mortgage loans. However, for credit risk transfer purposes, it has to opt for a non mortgage securitization. The nature of the asset securitized can thus, be used as a signal for bank’s intentions to securitize.

Originality/value

This study contributes to a better understanding of the reasons that urge banks to securitize. It also presents, using a Heckman selection procedure, a detailed analysis that discriminates between different types of securitization.
Equity fund performance
Authors: Liu Bin , Di Iorio Amalia , De Silva Ashton
Published: August 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate whether idiosyncratic volatility is priced in returns of equity funds while controlling for fund size and return momentum.

Design/methodology/approach

Following Fama and French (1993), an idiosyncratic volatility mimicking factor and a fund-size factor are constructed. The pricing ability of this idiosyncratic volatility mimicking factor is investigated in the context of Carhart (1997).

Findings

Idiosyncratic volatility is an important pricing factor even when controlling for fund size and momentum. In addition, idiosyncratic volatility is strongly and positively associated with the momentum effect. Further, when controlling for the association between the momentum effect and idiosyncratic volatility, the explanatory power of the momentum factor almost disappears, which suggests the pricing of idiosyncratic volatility mediates momentum and returns.

Originality/value

These findings imply that both the idiosyncratic volatility factor and the fund-size factor should not be ignored by fund managers when evaluating the performance of the equity funds.
Mergers and acquisitions: a review (part 2)
Authors: Yaghoubi Reza , Yaghoubi Mona , Locke Stuart , Gibb Jenny
Published: August 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to review the relevant literature on mergers and acquisitions in an attempt to provide a comprehensive account of what we know about mergers and which parts of the puzzle are still incomplete.

Design/methodology/approach

This literature review consists of three key sections. The first part of this paper summarises the literature on the cyclical nature of mergers referred to in the literature as merger waves. The second section reviews the causes and consequences of takeovers; it first reviews the causes, or drivers, of acquisitions, while focusing on the fact that acquisitions happen in waves and then reviews the consequences of takeovers, with a predominant focus on the impacts of mergers on the economic performance of acquirers. The third part of the review summarises the theories, as well as previous empirical studies, on determinants of announcement returns and post-acquisition performance of combined firms.

Findings

Merger activity demonstrates a wavy pattern, i.e. mergers are clustered in industries through time. The causes suggested for this fluctuating pattern include industry- and economy-level shocks, mis-valuation and managerial herding. Market reaction to announcement of acquisitions is, on average, slightly negative for acquirer stocks and significantly positive for target stocks. The combined abnormal return is positive. These findings have been consistent over several decades of investigation. Prior research also identifies a number of factors that are related to performance of acquisitions. These factors are categorised and reviewed in five different groups: acquirer characteristics, target characteristics, bid characteristics, industry characteristics and macro-environment characteristics.

Originality/value

This review illustrates a number of issues. Prior research is heavily biased towards gains to acquirers and factors that affect these gains. It is also biased towards finding sources of value creation through mergers despite the fact that several theories suggest that mergers can be value-destroying. In fact, value destruction is often attributed to managers’ self-interest (agency problem) and mistakes (hubris). However, the mechanisms through which mergers destroy value are rarely addressed. Aside from that, the possibility of simultaneous creation and destruction of value in acquisitions is not often considered. Finally, after several decades of investigation, a key question is not completely answered yet: “What are the sources of value in mergers and acquisitions?”
Does the sentiment of investors explain differences between predicted and realized stock prices?
Authors: Spilioti Stella N.
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to use the Barberis et al. (1998)’s valuation model to calculate the fundamental value of a stock and examine whether the differences between predicted and realized stock prices are explained both by psychological factors (that affect investor reaction to information) and by key macroeconomic variables.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a time-series analysis, as well as a panel data approach, to examine whether the price deviations from fundamental values are because of macroeconomic and psychological factors, using data from the London Stock Exchange.

Findings

The results indicate that these differences are explained by important macroeconomic variables, as well as by the sentiment of investors (that is used as a proxy of the psychological factors).

Originality/value

Based on the above results, this paper suggests that the price deviations from fundamental values are not treated as model estimation errors as proposed by Penman and Sougiannis (1998) but rather as deviations that are because of psychological factors, as well as to macroeconomic conditions.
Employees factors importance in Lean Six Sigma concept
Authors: Spasojevic Brkic Vesna , Tomic Branislav
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– Lean management and Six Sigma concepts are derived from two different points of view, but it is evident that the role of employees is crucial in both concepts. The purpose of this paper is to survey which employees’ behaviour dimensions can lead organization to better concepts integration and how Lean Six Sigma activity contributes to employees’ performance.

Design/methodology/approach

– Research methodology is designed to empirically check, on large sample of companies in multinational company supply chain, if employees’ factors are both predictor and response variables of Lean Six Sigma concept. To check stated hypothesis factor, reliability and multiple regression analysis are used.

Findings

– The first finding of this study is that reward system and training are significant predictors of Lean Six Sigma activities. The second part of findings shows that Lean Six Sigma dimensions, such as Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control/Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Validate, 5S and Kanban positively influences employees’ performance, described by employee satisfaction, absenteeism, salaries and benefits, employees’ commitment and employee turnover rate.

Research limitations/implications

– Poka-Yoke application is not found as a significant predictor of employees’ performance. Accordingly, to explore that interesting finding, possible future research topic is more detailed analysis of Poka-Yoke application in similar supply chains. A longitudinal analysis using structural equation is possible direction of future work, too.

Practical implications

– This survey answers the need for Lean and Six Sigma unified methodology achievement in soft factors area and gives applicable results for companies in supply chain that produces low-volume, high-complexity products.

Originality/value

– Original and valuable conclusion is that employees’ factors are both predictor and response variables of Lean Six Sigma concept application.
Cloud-based cyber-physical systems and quality of services
Authors: Mourtzis Dimitris , Vlachou Ekaterini
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to review and explore the evolution, advances and future trends of cloud manufacturing, placing the focus on the quality of services. Moreover, moving toward the new trend of cyber-physical systems (CPS), a cloud-based cyber-physical system (CBCPS) is proposed combining the key enabling techniques of this decade, namely Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, Big Data analytics and CPS.

Design/methodology/approach

– First, an extensive review is made on cloud computing and its applications in manufacturing sectors, namely product development, manufacturing processes and manufacturing systems management. Second, a conceptual CBCPS which combines key enabling techniques including cloud computing, CPS and IoT is proposed. Finally, a review on the quality of the services (QoS) presented in the second step, along with the main security issues of cloud manufacturing, is conducted.

Findings

– The findings of this review indicate that the combination of the key enabling techniques presented in the CBCPS will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm capable of facing the new challenges and trends. The opportunities, as well as the challenges and barriers of the proposed framework are presented, concluding that the transition into this whole new era of networked computing and manufacturing has a valuable impact, but also generates several security and quality issues.

Originality/value

– The paper is the first to specifically study the QoS as a factor in the proposed manufacturing paradigm.
Devolution, Evolution, Revolution … Democracy? What's Really Happening to English Local Governance?
Authors: Blunkett David , Flinders Matthew , Prosser Brenton
Published: August 2016

The Cities and Local Government Devolution Bill 2015–2016[HL] was introduced into the House of Lords as Bill No. 1 in the 2015–2016 parliamentary session. The Bill forms a critical element of the government's high‐profile policy of devolving powers and responsibilities to local areas within England. The transition from first‐generation ‘city deals’ to second‐generation ‘devolution deals’ within five years provides a sense of the pace and development of the reform agenda but there is also a strong sense that something is missing. ‘Missing’ in the sense of an understanding of the specific type of devolution on offer, ‘missing’ in the sense of how an explosion of bilateral new ‘deals’ will be offset against the obvious risks of fragmentation and complexity, and ‘missing’—most importantly—in relation to the democratic roots that might be put in place to counterbalance the economic thrust and make the reform agenda sustainable. It is in exactly this context that this article argues that the full potential of the current devolution agenda will only be realised when the Conservative government fulfils its September 2014 commitment to wider civic engagement about how England is governed.
A ATUAÇÃO DE CONSELHOS GESTORES NA INCLUSÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Fernandes Zenilda Botti
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a atuação dos Conselhos no monitoramento e na formulação das políticas públicas, na promoção da equidade, da dignidade humana e na busca por envolver a sociedade nos processos de democratização na tomada de decisões sobre as demandas sociais. O estudo se reveste da maior importância por tratar‐se de uma experiência em andamento no Brasil e mais especificamente na Amazônia paraense, a partir das ações desenvolvidas pelo Conselho Estadual da Pessoa com Deficiência (CEDPD‐PA), onde tenho atuado como conselheira e vice‐presidente, representando as instituições de ensino superior do Estado do Pará, há 4 anos. Para fundamentar as discussões, serão abordados os paradigmas que marcaram o século XX (Pinto, ), as concepções de Estado (Bobbio, et al., 228, v.1; Weffort, ,v.1) e controle social e participação (Silva, 2010). Para compreender a configuração das políticas públicas no Brasil, é preciso contextualizar o processo de democratização com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 (BRASIL, ), que estabeleceu novas diretrizes sobre controle social, que desde então, vem contribuindo para a efetivação das políticas públicas brasileiras. A história econômica, política e social do país, com seus avanços e recuos; suas contradições e lutas, têm configurado um “modus operandi” como estratégia de governabilidade, desde a ditadura militar (1964 a 1985) até os dias atuais. No que diz respeito à inclusão de pessoas com deficiência, o país é signatário de um arcabouço legal que tem possibilitado o acesso a bens e serviços e à garantia dos direitos sociais como a saúde, a educação e a moradia. Entretanto, a descentralização e o controle social local (Fleury, ), tem oscilado entre o ideal e o real, e este trabalho é uma oportunidade de debater e conhecer as iniciativas governamentais e a participação da sociedade civil nas três esferas de governo e como estão contribuindo para a conscientização e a efetivação dos direitos humanos e a consolidação do Estado republicano no Brasil. Nesse sentido, os Conselhos gestores de políticas públicas têm desempenhado papel relevante para a consolidação da democracia e da cidadania (de Carvalho, ) em cada região do país por meio da participação, fruto da conquista de movimentos populares. Ao mesmo tempo, esta investigação de cunho qualitativo (Bogdan and Biklen, ), possibilita ampliar a produção acadêmica sobre a temática.
A FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA E O INGRESSO NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO
Authors: Bahury Michelle de Sousa , Chahini Thelma Helena Costa
Published: August 2016

Este estudo teve por objetivo geral investigar as percepções de professores e alunos do Curso de Letras com Habilitação em Língua Inglesa da Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA, em relação à relevância dos conhecimentos adquiridos para a inserção desses alunos no mercado de trabalho. Os participantes foram 16 alunos pertencentes ao 9° período, frequentando o estágio curricular da referida Universidade. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados demonstraram que o currículo do curso de Letras com habilitação em língua inglesa da Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA, não contempla conteúdos básicos que forneçam preparo acadêmico e profissional de qualidade exigidos pelo mercado de trabalho, que em muitos casos, resta ao aluno buscar fora da academia noção da dimensão do fazer docente através da adequação entre formação acadêmica e preparação profissional.
A INCLUSÃO DO SURDO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL
Authors: Santana Ana Paula
Published: August 2016

No Brasil, o Programa de Acessibilidade na Educação Superior propõe ações que garantam vo acesso pleno de pessoas com deficiência às universidades. Nesse sentido, as políticas de Educação Especial no Brasil buscam assegurar a inclusão de todos os alunos nas instituições educacionais, em todos os níveis de ensino. Com relação especificamente à surdez, temos em 2013 um total de 29.034 alunos matriculados com alguma deficiência no ensino superior: 1.488 alunos surdos (5,13% do total), 7.037 deficientes auditivos (24,24% do total) e 151 alunos surdo‐cegos (0,52% do total). A questão que se coloca é se esses alunos estão efetivamente incluídos na educação superior. Ainda há barreiras que dificultam sua permanência? discutir as condições de permanência dos universitários surdos a partir da visão de estudantes e professores. entrevistas com seis surdos, sendo três do curso de Letras/Libras e três de outros cursos e seis professores universitários. As entrevistas eram semi‐estruturadas e questionavam o processo de inclusão dos alunos surdos na universidade. Os alunos surdos apontam dificuldades relacionadas à didática dos professores, dificuldade de produção e interpretação textual de gêneros secundários, falta de intérpretes. Ou seja, eles não se sentem capazes de atender a demanda de letramento que se espera dos universitários. Os alunos do curso de Letras/Libras apresentam uma outra realidade, considerando que as aulas e avaliações são todas em Língua Brasileira de Sinais. Contudo, isso não impede que esses surdos tenham dificuldade na leitura de textos em português escrito. Acrescente‐se que os alunos referem que os professores não estão preparados para terem alunos surdos. De seu lado, os professores afirmam que estão preparados para receberem alunos surdos em sala de aula, embora esses mesmos professores nunca tenham tido nenhuma formação específica sobre surdez. Vemos que, apesar de termos leis que garantam a acessibilidade dos deficientes no ensino superior, há uma distância entre a teoria e a prática. Acredita‐se, contudo, que essa distância é devido à entrada ainda recente dos surdos na universidade. Os professores precisam de formação sobre como lidar com essa nova realidade da universidade e os alunos precisam de maiores ações para que possam solucionar suas dificuldades. Só a partir dessas mudanças poderemos alcançar uma inclusão realmente efetiva na universidade.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O PROFESSOR DA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL E DA EDUCAÇÃO COMUM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFESSOR OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND COMMON EDUCATION
Authors: Miranda Theresinha Guimarães
Published: August 2016

Este artigo analisa o trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido entre o professor da educação especial e o do ensino comum ou regular para a concretização do processo de inclusão escolar. Parte‐se da legislação que orienta a perspectiva inclusiva da educação especial e de estudos realizados por profissionais da área de educação especial, destacando‐se aqueles que foram realizados no âmbito do ONEESP (Observatório Nacional de Educação Especial), em que ressaltam o atendimento educacional especializado e o seu impacto para a promoção da inclusão e do sucesso escolar de todos os alunos, principalmente daqueles com necessidades educativas especiais. A colaboração entre a educação especial e a educação comum, quando é eficaz, beneficia todos os estudantes e também os professores que se sentem renovados e entusiasmados. Estudos têm relatado de um lado, melhorias do desempenho acadêmico dos alunos com necessidades educativas especiais bem como da sua autoestima, de habilidades sociais e relacionamento com os pares e por outro lado, a existência de dificuldades para a realização dessa colaboração. Nesse processo, estudos demonstram que existem obstáculos de diversas ordens como seja a falta de compatibilidade de horário entre esses dois grupos de docentes, o número elevado de alunos para o atendimento educacional especializado, a inadequada formação profissional, pouca inserção no projeto politico pedagógico da escola dentre outros. Em suma, é fundamental que sejam criadas nas escolas condições necessárias para a prática da articulação entre esses dois grupos de docentes, para que o trabalho pedagógico seja desenvolvido como parte da gestão escolar e da relação com a família.
A TRANSIÇÃO PARA A VIDA ADULTA DOS ALUNOS COM NEE: PERCEÇÕES DOS PROFISSIONAIS
Authors: Fanzeres Luis , Cruz‐Santos Anabela , Santos Sofia
Published: August 2016

Este estudo tem como finalidade compreender o processo de Transição para a Vida Adulta (TVA) dos alunos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE) em Portugal Continental e Regiões Autónomas. Participaram 616 profissionais que atuam no âmbito da TVA. O instrumento de recolha de dados utilizado foi um questionário que foi distribuído, – via online –, a profissionais envolvidos no referido processo, a exercer funções em escolas, instituições, etc. O instrumento tem 38 itens, sendo estes distribuídos por 5 temas; Identificação e Desempenho Profissional; TVA dos alunos com NEE, Adequações no Processo de Aprendizagem, Percursos de Formação e TVA em relação ao Mercado de Trabalho. Serão apresentados e analisados alguns resultados preliminares obtidos nas análises estatísticas descritivas relativamente às várias temáticas abordadas no mesmo.
A TRANSIÇÃO PARA A VIDA ATIVA EM JOVENS COM DIFICULDADES INTELECTUAIS E DESENVOLVIMENTAIS: O CASO DA CERCIMB/PORTUGAL
Authors: Fernandes Helena Estevam , Lima‐Rodrigues Luzia Mara
Published: August 2016

As pessoas com Deficiência Intelectual e Desenvolvimental (DID) têm maior dificuldade em obter e manter um emprego do que as pessoas sem esta condição. Este estudo de Mestrado em Educação Especial, realizado na Cerci Moita/Barreiro (Cercimb), Portugal, teve como objetivo determinar fatores de inclusão e exclusão de jovens com DID no mercado laboral, segundo a opinião do órgão de gestão, dos técnicos de formação, dos empregadores e dos formandos e ex‐formandos da Cercimb. Da análise dos dados, foi possível identificarem‐se fatores conducentes ou não à inclusão destes jovens no mercado laboral, assim como, através da análise SWOT, posicionar os processos de transição implementados pela Cercimb face às instituições de ensino que a circundam.
ACESSIBILIDADE EM CURSOS ABERTOS E MASSIVOS
Authors: Schlünzen Junior Klaus , Malheiro Cicera A. Lima , Schlünzen Elisa Tomoe Moriya , Vigentin Uilian Donizeti
Published: August 2016

A Unesp Aberta é um ambiente de aprendizagem on‐line da Universidade Estadual Paulista ‐ Unesp que oferta cursos livres e abertos, sem assessoria pedagógica (tutoria), avaliação e certificação, de forma gratuita nas áreas do conhecimento exatas, humanas e biológicas. Visando atender os preceitos de uma educação para todos e a proposta de uma educação inclusiva, um curso ofertado de forma livre, aberta foi implementado e analisado por uma equipe composta por profissionais e pesquisadores da área técnica, pedagógica e da Educação Especial. As adaptações realizadas possibilitaram o acesso à informação para pessoas surdas, cegas e com baixa visão, em uma perspectiva de atender os princípios do desenho universal. O curso escolhido para essa adaptação e análise foi um curso que trabalha o conteúdo da Lei de Diretrizes e Base da Educação Nacional Brasileira. Os dados de acesso e interação no referido curso apresentam um aumento após a implementação da acessibilidade, o que demonstra ampliação das possibilidades para um número maior de pessoas declaradas como deficientes terem acesso ao ambiente do curso, aos materiais, e conseguirem realizar as atividades por meio deles.
ACESSO E PERMANÊNCIA DA CRIANÇA NA ESCOLA
Authors: Victor Sonia Lopes , Hernandez Piloto Sumika Soares de Freitas
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho visa debater o acesso e a permanência de crianças público‐alvo da educação especial na educação infantil. Para tanto, toma como objeto de análise as narrativas de professores de educação especial que atendem esses sujeitos nas salas de recursos multifuncionais em cinco municípios da região metropolitana do Estado do Espírito Santo, os quais participaram de 11 encontros no modelo de grupos focais, promovidos pelo Observatório Nacional de Educação Especial. A abordagem histórico‐cultural e os estudos sobre a sociologia da infância foram os aportes teórico‐metodológicos para esta investigação. As análises das narrativas de professores de educação especial sugeriram a necessidade de articulação entre a educação especial e a educação infantil e os estudos sobre a criança e sua infância a fim de construir propostas pedagógicas que sirvam de apoio à sua educabilidade.
COMPETÊNCIA PARENTAL: AUTO‐PERCEÇÃO E MUDANÇA
Authors: Dias Sandra , Pimentel Júlia Serpa
Published: August 2016

Baumrind () comprovou a influência dos estilos e da competência parental no desenvolvimento do filho e Dunst () relaciona‐os com a competência parental percebida, a qual deve ser considerada no modelo de intervenção centrado na família (Dunst, ).

Este modelo ancorou o projeto Oficinas de Pais, da Associação Pais em Rede, de filhos com perturbações neurodesenvolvimentais, que compreendia 3 níveis: Apoio Emocional; Corresponsabilização (COR); Pais Prestadores de Ajuda (Dias, ).

Os resultados do COR na competência parental percebida dos seus participantes, medidos, em 2011 e 2012, através de questionários de auto‐avaliação, indicam que: globalmente, existiram alterações positivas nas competências de controlo e de resistência ao stress; a extensão das alterações diminuiu com a idade do filho e; a incidência das alterações diferenciou‐se por patologia.

Conclui‐se que a idade dos filhos é um fator relevante para a eficácia da ação junto dos pais e que esta deve atender à patologia dos filhos.
DEFEATING INEQUALITIES IN SCHOOL ACCESS: A CASE OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Hameed Abdul , Manzoor Afaf
Published: August 2016

A recent study reveals that average distance from home to special school for children with disabilities in Punjab is about 11 km. A huge and free transport system is established to overcome the distance barrier. Moreover, the incentives such as free uniform, books, assistive devices and hostel facility along with subsistence allowance of Rs.800 per month have failed to increase enrolment beyond 4%. This situation clearly shows that special school is not an appropriate solution if 100% enrolment of children with disabilities is the target. The only way out left is then to improve the existing regular school available at the doorstep of all children through inclusive education. The public image of disability suitable for inclusion, however, has emerged as the most challenging barrier to inclusive education. There seems a consensus that only children with mild disabilities should be included in regular schools for inclusion, whereas the children with severe and profound disabilities should remain in special schools or out of school. There is need to investigate this pseudo consensus to bring about a conceptual clarity in the term inclusive education so that early efforts of inclusive education should take right direction.
DIÁLOGOS SOBRE A INTERVENÇÃO PRECOCE
Authors: Fernandes Patrícia Raquel Silva , Serrano Ana Maria Silva Pereira Henriques , Barba Patrícia Della
Published: August 2016

Historicamente, a IP tem sido marcada pelos modelos voltados ao padrão médico, em que os profissionais são considerados os “experts” e exercem domínio sobre as informações, decisões e recursos para as crianças com necessidades educativas especiais. No entanto, no Brasil, observa‐se grande diferença em estudos e práticas sobre a temática da Intervenção Precoce, que quando ocorre, é focada no modelo baseado nas deficiências. Conscientes de que, o fundamental é conseguir identificar, aplicar e avaliar os elementos chave para a IP centrada na família, bem como a partir do testemunho de profissionais de uma equipa de um serviço de IP e as famílias atendidas, temos como objetivo perceber até que ponto estes valorizam e utilizam as práticas centradas na família, e como se situam nas diferentes etapas do modelo de desenvolvimento sistémico de IP Guralnick (2005b).
EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL: POLÍTICA E FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA
Authors: Bento Maria José Carvalho , Caetano Eldimar de Souza , Silva Nazareth Vidal da
Published: August 2016

Como parte integrante da pesquisa “Processos de Formação Continuada de Profissionais Desencadeados pela Gestão de Educação Especial: a Região Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo”, este estudo busca compreender a constituição de um projeto político de formação continuada desenvolvido na região sul do Estado especificamente, na Superintendência Regional de Educação (SRE) de Afonso Claudio e os sete municípios a ela jurisdicionados. Evidencia‐se a perspectiva de pesquisa‐ação colaborativo‐crítica como referencial teórico‐metodológico adotado no processo de investigação, bem como a constituição do grupo como pesquisadores, atores e autores de sua própria prática. Observa‐se a importância da continuidade das ações e efetivação do projeto político elaborado, garantindo‐lhe um caráter de política que não se esvai com a mudança de governos e administrações, mas permite‐se ser avaliado e se caracteriza como uma política de ação pública, em cuja construção participam diversos atores que definem e interpretam as atividades no espaço público da educação.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE LEITURA: CAMINHOS PARA A INCLUSÃO
Authors: Anunciação Lívia Maria Ribeiro Leme , Arantes Helena Aparecida Gicca , Chirinéa Andréia Melanda
Published: August 2016

A leitura é um elemento importante para a construção das práticas pedagógicas inclusivas e interdisciplinares. Em, 2014, 21 alunos do curso de Pedagogia de uma cidade de médio porte do Brasil, participaram das atividades desenvolvidas pelo PIBID. Foram criadas estratégias de ensino para atender alunos de duas escolas públicas de educação básica com vulnerabilidade social com dificuldades de aprendizagem. O trabalho foi dividido em seis eixos temáticos ao longo dos seis meses de trabalhos. Cada mês tinha um tema gerador como: gêneros literários, valores, copa do mundo, folclore, meio ambiente e circo. As atividades buscaram desenvolver nas crianças a imaginação, a interação e superação das dificuldades na alfabetização e letramento. Foram desenvolvidas atividades como: a construção de histórias em quadrinhos, criação de histórias e atividades lúdicas que contribuíram para o ensino – aprendizagem dos discentes. Mudanças visíveis ocorreram nas práticas escolares levando os alunos a estar inseridos em práticas de leitura.
EXPRESSIVE ARTS – EMBODYING INCLUSIVE TEACHERS
Authors: Santos Graça Duarte , Lima‐Rodrigues Luzia Mara
Published: August 2016

The Declaration of Salamanca proposes a deep reformulation of educational praxis which has as a main goal to create an environment where all students can enjoy learning, improve and grow in confidence, in a perspective of Inclusive Education. In this sense, it is necessary that teachers acquire scientific and educational skills but, also, development of personal and interpersonal competences that are crucial for a flexible and adequate professional praxis. The concept of competences integrates knowledge, skills, personal values and attitudes that are acquired through work experience and learning by doing. On other side, experiential work is lived through a body in movement. Acknowledging these ideas and considering active methods and expressive arts as valorous contributions to the positive model of inclusive education in this paper, the authors propose the training in Expressive Arts to promote Inclusion but mainly to develop personal and interpersonal competences of teachers to the Inclusion.