bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Metastasis of a Trigeminal Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor to the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Shutran Max , Mosbach David , Tataryn Zachary , Arkun Knarik , Wu Julian K
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are relatively rare tumors of peripheral nerves that are notable for their locally aggressive nature, ability to metastasize, poor prognosis, and association with Neurofibromatosis type I. We present the case of a patient with a trigeminal nerve MPNST who developed an unusual metastasis to the corpus callosum, in the absence of any other central nervous system or systemic metastatic disease. We review the pathology and presentation of MPNST.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

A 53-yr-old woman presented with a 1-yr history of paroxysmal facial pain and dysesthesias in the right V1 and V2 distributions of the trigeminal nerve. She was initially diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia although further imaging showed a cavernous sinus mass extending along the trigeminal nerve. She later developed an isolated lesion in the corpus callosum that was biopsied and consistent with MPNST.

CONCLUSION

This case reviews the pathology and aggressive nature of MPNST and demonstrates an unusual site of metastasis. Clinicians should remain aware that MPNST can metastasize to sites in the central nervous system as well as systemically. Furthermore, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for secondary causes of trigeminal neuralgia in cases with atypical features.
DIFFUSE CHORIORETINOPATHY WITHOUT SEROUS DETACHMENT ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Marmor Michael F.
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

To analyze an unusual case of widespread chorioretinopathy after cardiac transplantation for its potential etiology and clinical significance.

Methods:

Clinical examinations included widefield and macular color and fundus autofluorescence photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography, full-field electroretinography, and Goldmann visual fields.

Patient:

A 44-year-old Hispanic woman was referred to rule out retinitis pigmentosa. Medical history revealed cardiac transplantation 6 months previously for idiopathic cardiomyopathy.

Results:

Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. The fundi showed widespread gray mottling and little pigmentation, but fundus autofluorescence revealed black speckling broadly across the fundus, and geographic retinal pigment epithelium loss in the nasal midperiphery of the left eye. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed normal inner retina, and surprising preservation of outer nuclear layer, but the ellipsoid zone line was fragmented, and the interdigitation zone line was replaced with irregular debris. Retinal pigment epithelium was very thin with occasional excrescences. Electroretinography showed mild loss of both rods and cones, with mild flicker peak delay only in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography showed no leakage, but a reticular pigment pattern in the macula. Indocyanine green angiography showed irregular arteriolar remodeling, and few large arteries.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Serous retinopathy is well known after organ transplantations, but this patient had retinal pigment epithelium and retinal damage well into the periphery and no leakage. Retinal dystrophy was deemed unlikely given the relatively good electroretinography. The indocyanine green vascular changes raise the possibility of a transient choroidal ischemic event during or shortly after cardiac surgery. The event altered retinal pigment epithelium diffusely, but allowed for enough regeneration to sustain retinal function. Diffuse transplant chorioretinopathy may be discovered if postcardiac transplant patients get peripheral retinal examinations.
Meningoencephalocele and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Complicating Orbital Decompression
Authors: Cohen Liza M. , Jiménez Pérez Juan C. , Holbrook Eric H. , Curry William T. , Yoon Michael K.
Published: January 2018

A 51-year-old man who had undergone right orbital decompression 5 months earlier developed a meningoencephalocele extending in the right sphenoid sinus through a skull base defect of the right ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal bones. The authors report the third case to their knowledge of meningoencephalocele with cerebrospinal fluid leak after orbital decompression and discuss its management and measures that can be taken to prevent this rare but serious complication.
3 Cases of Systemic Strongyloides in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients
Authors: Lumsden Sarah , Hemmige Vagish , Woc-Colburn Laila
Published: January 2018

Strongyloides stercolarisis an intestinal nematode that is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. In immunocompromised individuals such as individuals with human T-lymphotrophic virus 1 or history of corticosteroid use,Strongyloides(SS) infection can accelerate to hyperinfection or disseminated infection, conditions which are associated with high mortality. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not considered to be a risk factor for systemic SS infection; however, dozens of cases of HIV patients that have developed SS in the absence of recognized risk factors have been described in the literature. Although the burden of SS in HIV patients is not as high as would be expected if HIV was an equivalent risk factor to human T-lymphotrophic virus 1 or steroid usage, the number of reported cases indicates that there may be a relationship between HIV and SS. We report 3 additional cases of HIV patients with SS infections that presented at a major metropolitan county hospital in Houston, Tex.
Successful Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Vertebral Osteomyelitis With Outpatient Oritavancin Therapy
Authors: Ruggero Michael A. , Ziegler Matthew J. , Tebas Pablo , Binkley Amanda , Kelly Brendan J.
Published: January 2018

Native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO) is a difficult to treat infection often caused by hematogenous spread of bacteria to the bone, causing pain and inflammation. The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends vancomycin intravenously as first-line treatment for NVO involving methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for 6 weeks. Alternatives include daptomycin and linezolid. Oritavancin (Orbactiv) is a lipoglypoglycopeptide, structurally similar to vancomycin approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible bacteria including S. aureus (both methicillin sensitive and resistant), Streptocococcus, and Enterococcus species. The clinical features of oritavancin are favorable for outpatient use given its broad spectrum of activity for gram-positive organisms and ease of administration; however, clinical experience with the medication is lacking. In this case report, we describe a patient presentation and the evidence for use of oritavancin for the treatment of NVO caused by MRSA. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of oritavancin for NVO caused by MRSA, and further clinical studies to evaluate it for other indications should be considered.
Screening US Vietnam Veterans for Liver Fluke Exposure 5 Decades After the End of the War
Authors: Psevdos George , Ford Florence M. , Hong Sung-Tae
Published: January 2018

Background

Clonorchiasis caused by Clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini are prevalent in the Far East, including Vietnam. The causal relationship between the 2 liver flukes and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has been well documented. Cholangiocarcinoma, a rare tumor of bile ducts, usually occurs in the sixth-seventh decade of life. In the United States, 8000 people are diagnosed with CCA each year. US Vietnam Veterans, 5 decades after the end of the war, are being diagnosed with CCA. Although CCA is linked to several conditions, no study has been done to our knowledge linking C. sinensis or O. viverrini as the culprits for CCA diagnosis in Vietnam Veterans.

Methods

A pilot prospective epidemiological study was performed at the Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center. We screened Vietnam Veterans for exposure to eating raw or undercooked fish from the rivers in Vietnam during their service. Serological testing was performed by the multiantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in Seoul National University of Medicine, South Korea.

Results

Of the 97 Veterans screened, 50 met the inclusion criteria with 1 Veteran being diagnosed with CCA. Of the 50 Veterans, 24% tested positive for serum IgG antibodies to C. sinensis. Those who tested positive had no detectable liver fluke parasites by fecal examination.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to show evidence of exposure to liver flukes in US soldiers during their service in the Vietnam War. Further research is needed to examine the possible link of liver fluke infection and risk for developing CCA in Vietnam Veterans.
Candida parapsilosis Lumbar Spondylodiscitis as a Cause of Chronic Back Pain
Authors: Khoo Teresa , Psevdos George , Wu Judy
Published: January 2018

Vertebral bone infections caused by Candida species are uncommon, but their reported frequency is increasing. Candida parapsilosis, a commensal of human skin, is currently an emerging human pathogen, with increasing prevalence and medical significance. We report the case of a Caucasian man who presented with C. parapsilosis spondylodiscitis, who was having a persistent low back pain for 3 months before diagnosis. He had no history of immunosuppression, fever, or elevation of inflammatory markers. The diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration and culture. A combined medical and surgical intervention was necessary to achieve the best outcome in our case.
Comparison of the Effect of Cane, Tripod Cane Tip, and Quad Cane on Postural Steadiness in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Bateni Hamid , Collins Prisca , Odeh Christina
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Previous studies have shown that use of assistive devices may contribute to loss of balance and increased risk of falls. The purpose of this study was to compare postural steadiness of older adults using straight cane, tripod, and quad cane.

Methods

Sixteen healthy older adults (8 men, 8 women; age, 62–84 years) were recruited. Analyses focused on mean and root-mean-square distances from the mean center of pressure position, 95% confidence circle area, total power, 95% power frequencies, and centroidal frequency of the sway signal.

Results

Significant improvements in postural steadiness were found when the tripod cane tip was used as compared with straight cane. All measured variables of postural steadiness with the tripod cane tip, however, were significantly below those of the quad cane.

Discussion

The findings suggest that use of the tripod cane tip can significantly improve postural steadiness over use of the straight cane. Our findings, however, suggest that tripod canes provide less level of postural steadiness than quad canes.
Sarcoidosis With Pleural Effusion as the Presenting Symptom
Authors: Rivera Estefania , Gesthalter Yaron , Vardelaan Paul , Chee Alex , Majid Adnan
Published: January 2018

A 65-year-old woman, never smoker, with medical history of hypertension, nonischemic cardiomyopathy, and moderate pulmonary hypertension presented with symptomatic bilateral pleural effusions. Thoracentesis revealed a lymphocyte predominant transudate and was negative for malignancy, microbiologic cultures were negative for an infectious cause. Chest tomography showed mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, lymph node biopsy with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration showed non-necrotizing granulomas compatible with sarcoidosis. Echocardiogram showed ejection fraction of 45% and cardiac workup for sarcoid involvement was negative. Despite overall clinical management with diuretics, pleural effusion persisted and the patient underwent medical thoracoscopy with pleural biopsy. Biopsy showed noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoid, with all stains and microbiologic cultures negative for an infectious etiology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of sarcoidosis presenting as large transudative pleural effusion.
Fall Rates in Urban and Rural Nursing Units
Authors: Baernholdt Marianne , Hinton Ivora D. , Yan Guofen , Xin Wenjun , Cramer Emily , Dunton Nancy
Published: January 2018

Patient falls remain a leading adverse event in hospitals. In a study of 65 rural hospitals with 222 nursing units and 560 urban hospitals with 4274 nursing units, we found that geographic region, unit type, and nurse staffing, education, experience, and outcomes were associated with fall rates. Implications include specific attention to fall prevention in rehabilitation units, creating better work environments that promote nurse retention, and provide RN-BSN educational opportunities.
Statistical significance of cluster membership for determination of cell identities in single cell genomics
Authors: Chung Neo Christopher
Published: January 2018

Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows us to dissect transcriptional heterogeneity arising from cellular types, spatio-temporal contexts, and environmental stimuli. Cell identities of samples derived from heterogeneous subpopulations are routinely determined by clustering of scRNA-seq data. Computational cell identities are then used in downstream analysis, feature selection, and visualization. However, how can we examine if cell identities are accurately inferred? To this end, we introduce non-parametric methods to evaluate cell identities by testing cluster memberships of single cell samples in an unsupervised manner. We propose posterior inclusion probabilities for cluster memberships to select and visualize samples relevant to subpopulations. Beyond simulation studies, we examined two scRNA-seq data - a mixture of Jurkat and 293T cells and a large family of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We demonstrated probabilistic feature selection and improved t-SNE visualization. By learning uncertainty in clustering, the proposed methods enable rigorous testing of cell identities in scRNA-seq.
Review shows that early foetal alcohol exposure may cause adverse effects even when the mother consumes low levels
Authors: Sarman Ihsan
Published: January 2018

Aim

Studies are increasingly focusing on the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on child health. The aim of this review was to provide paediatricians with new insights to help them communicate key messages about avoiding alcohol during pregnancy.

Methods

Inspired by the 7th International Conference on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, which focused on integrating research, policy and practice, we studied English language papers published since 2010 on how early PAE triggered epigenetic mechanisms that had an impact on the development of some chronic diseases. We also report the findings of a human study using three‐dimensional photography of the face to explore associations between PAE and craniofacial phenotyping.

Results

Animal models with different alcohol exposure patterns show that early PAE may lead to long‐term chronic effects, due to developmental programming for some adult diseases in cardiovascular, metabolic and renal systems. The study with three‐dimensional photographing is very promising in helping paediatricians to understand how even small amounts of PAE can affect craniofacial phenotyping.

Conclusion

Even low levels of PAE can cause adverse foetal effects and not just in the brain. It is not currently possible to determine a safe period and level when alcohol consumption would not affect the foetus.
Prospective emotion enables episodic prospection to shift time preference
Authors: Zhang Shunmin , Peng Juan , Qin LingLing , Suo Tao , Feng Tingyong
Published: January 2018

The episodic effect suggests that episodic prospection (imagining future events) can effectively reduce time discounting, the propensity to discount the value of delayed rewards relative to immediate ones. However, less clear is how episodic prospection modulates time preference. As engagement in episodic prospection usually evokes prospective emotions, it was proposed that episodic prospection might work by inducing prospective emotions. Although one previous study has attempted to provide evidence to the emotional account of the episodic effect, shortcomings in its experimental design make its conclusion questionable. In this study, we replicated previous experimental design with improvements to further test the effects of prospective emotion on time preference. By manipulating the emotional valency associated with episodic prospection in a delay discounting task, we found that positive episodic prospection attenuated time discounting; negative episodic prospection exacerbated time discounting; and episodic prospection did not shift time preference when prospective emotion is removed. These results were essentially identical to the result of the previous study. Together, these studies suggested that the effects of episodic prospection depended on prospective emotion. Thus, one cannot ignore prospective emotion if counting on episodic prospection to combat humans’ impulsive behaviours.
Getting closer: contributions of zoo studies to research on the physiology and development of BonobosPan paniscus, ChimpanzeesPan troglodytesand other primates
Authors: Behringer V. , Stevens J. M. G. , Deschner T. , Hohmann G.
Published: January 2018

Behavioural studies on animals incorporate data on morphology, physiology and energetic status, as well as kinship and genetic information. Such measures have become the state of the art when assessing the function of a given behaviour. Zoos provide opportunities for research of a kind that is difficult to undertake in the wild. In this article several advantages of studying captive animals are highlighted; for example, accessibility, ease of sample collection, control of environmental factors, long‐term monitoring and known life histories, which can be tracked throughout the life of an individual. The data collected from such studies can be used to provide benchmarks for physiological and life‐history features. To demonstrate the type of studies to which zoos can contribute, examples are given from work with BonobosPan paniscusand ChimpanzeesPan troglodytes. Such studies improve our basic understanding of physiological processes in these apes, which could be applied to other non‐human primates. Data from zoo‐living animals promote validation and refinement of methods, add information that may be difficult to obtain from wild specimens and provide the means by which to scrutinize specific questions in experimental settings. Such data can serve as a benchmark for studies on wild conspecifics and inspire field studies by providing novel tools for data collection.
Dermoscopy vs. reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of lentigo maligna
Authors: Cinotti E. , Labeille B. , Debarbieux S. , Carrera C. , Lacarrubba F. , Witkowski A.M. , Moscarella E. , Arzberger E. , Kittler H. , Bahadoran P. , Gonzalez S. , Guitera P. , Agozzino M. , Farnetani F. , Hofmann‐Wellenhof R. , Ardigò M. , Rubegni P. , Tognetti L. , Łudzik J. , Zalaudek I. , Argenziano G. , Longo C. , Ribero S. , Malvehy J. , Pellacani G. , Cambazard F. , Perrot J.L.
Published: January 2018

Background

Several dermoscopic and in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) diagnostic criteria of lentigo maligna (LM)/lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) have been identified. However, no study compared the diagnostic accuracy of these techniques.

Objective

We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy and RCM for LM/LMM using a holistic assessment of the images.

Methods

A total of 223 facial lesions were evaluated by 21 experts. Diagnostic accuracy of the clinical, dermoscopic and RCM examination was compared. Interinvestigator variability and confidence level in the diagnosis were also evaluated.

Results

Overall diagnostic accuracy of the two imaging techniques was good (area under the curve of the sROC function: 0.89). RCM was more sensitive (80%, vs. 61%) and less specific (81% vs. 92%) than dermoscopy for LM/LMM. In particular, RCM showed a higher sensitivity for hypomelanotic and recurrent LM/LMM. RCM had a higher interinvestigator agreement and a higher confidence level in the diagnosis than dermoscopy.

Conclusion

Reflectance confocal microscopy and dermoscopy are both useful techniques for the diagnosis of facial lesions and in particular LM/LMM. RCM is particularly suitable for the identification of hypomelanotic and recurrent LM/LMM.
Underdiagnosis of Influenza Virus Infection in Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Hartman Lauren , Zhu Yuwei , Edwards Kathryn M. , Griffin Marie R. , Talbot H. Keipp
Published: January 2018

Objectives

To describe factors associated with provider‐ordered influenza testing in hospitalized older adults.

Design

Information on participant demographics, symptoms, and provider‐ordered influenza testing were collected by questionnaire and chart review. We conducted prospective laboratory‐based surveillance using reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), the criterion standard for diagnosis of influenza, to determine how participant characteristics and provider‐ordered testing affected accurate influenza diagnosis.

Setting

One academic and three community hospitals in Davidson County, Tennessee.

Participants

Adults aged 18 and older with acute respiratory illness or nonlocalizing fever (N=1,422).

Measurements

We compared characteristics of participants with and without provider‐ordered testing for influenza using the Wilcoxon test and Pearson chi‐square test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors predictive of provider‐ordered influenza testing.

Results

Twenty‐eight percent (399/1,422) of participants had provider‐ordered influenza testing. Participants who were tested were younger than those not tested (58 ± 18 vs 66 ± 15, p<.001) and more likely to have influenza‐like illness (ILI) (71% vs 49%, p<.001). ILI decreased with increasing age (aged 18–49, 63%; aged 50–64, 60%; aged ≥65, 48%). ILI and younger age were independent predictors of provider‐ordered testing. Of the 136 participants with influenza confirmed using RT‐PCR, ILI was the only significant predictor of provider‐ordered testing (adjusted odds ratio=3.43, 95% confidence interval=1.22–9.70).

Conclusion

Adults aged 65 and older hospitalized with fever or respiratory symptoms during influenza season are less likely to undergo a provider‐ordered influenza test than younger adults. Some, but not all, of this disparity is due to a lower likelihood of ILI. Further strategies are needed to increase clinician awareness and testing in this vulnerable group.
Why Police “Couldn't or Wouldn't” Submit Sexual Assault Kits for Forensic DNA Testing: A Focal Concerns Theory Analysis of Untested Rape Kits
Authors: Campbell Rebecca , Fehler-Cabral Giannina
Published: January 2018

In jurisdictions throughout United States, thousands of sexual assault kits (SAKs) (also termed “rape kits”) have not been submitted by the police for forensic DNA testing. DNA evidence may be helpful to sexual assault investigations and prosecutions by identifying offenders, revealing serial offenders through DNA matches across cases, and exonerating those who have been wrongly accused, so it is important to understand why police are not utilizing this evidence. In this study, we applied focal concerns theory to understand discretionary practices in rape kit testing. We conducted a three-year ethnography in one city that had large numbers of untested SAKs—Detroit, Michigan—to understand why thousands of SAKs collected between 1980 and 2009 were never submitted by the police for forensic DNA testing. Drawing upon observational, interview, and archival data, we found that while practical concerns regarding resources available for forensic analysis were clearly a factor, as Detroit did not have the funding or staffing to test all SAKs and investigate all reported rapes, focal concerns regarding victim credibility and victim cooperation were more influential in explaining why rape kits were not tested. Implications for the criminal justice system response to sexual assault and rape kit testing legislation are examined.
Carbon fluxes from subducted carbonates revealed by uranium excess at Mount Vesuvius, Italy
Authors: Avanzinelli Riccardo , Casalini Martina , Elliott Tim , Conticelli Sandro
Published: January 2018

The fate of carbonate-rich sediments recycled at destructive plate margins is a key issue for constraining the budget of deep CO2 supplied to the atmosphere by volcanism. Experimental studies have demonstrated that metasomatic melts can be generated by partial melting of subducted carbonate-pelitic sediments, but signatures of the involvement of such components in erupted magmas are more elusive. We have made new U-Th disequilibria, Sr-Nd-Pb isotope, and high-precision δ238U analyses on lavas from Mount Vesuvius (Italy) and show that their measured 238U excesses require a mantle source affected by the addition of U-rich carbonated melts, generated by partial melting of subducted calcareous sediments in the presence of residual epidote. Accordingly, we argue that the occurrence of 238U excesses in “sediment-dominated” arc magmas represents diagnostic evidence of addition of carbonate sediments via subduction, hence providing constraints on deep carbon cycling within Earth. Our quantitative enrichment model, combined with published experimental results, allows us to estimate a resulting flux of 0.15–0.8 Mt/yr CO2 from the subducted carbonates to the mantle source of Mount Vesuvius.
The continuing evolution of the Journal of Neurophysiology: 2018 update
Authors: Yates Bill J.
Published: January 2018

The Journal of Neurophysiology continues to evolve to meet the needs of its authors and readers. This article summarizes recent changes intended to improve our evaluation and communication of neuroscience research.
Reference Values for Respiratory Muscle Strength in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hulzebos Erik , Takken Tim , Reijneveld Elja A. , Mulder Mark M.G. , Bongers Bart C.
Published: January 2018

Background: Measurement of respiratory muscle function is important in the diagnosis of respiratory muscle disease, respiratory failure, to assess the impact of chronic diseases, and/or to evaluate respiratory muscle function after treatment. Objectives: To establish reference values for maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, and the tension-time index at rest in healthy children and adolescents aged 8–19 years, as well as to present sex- and age-related reference centiles normalized for demographic and anthropometric determinants. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, demographic, anthropometric, and spirometric data were assessed, as well as data on respiratory muscle strength (PImax and PEmax) and work of breathing at rest (TT0.1), in a total of 251 children (117 boys and 134 girls; mean age 13.4 ± 2.9 years). Reference values are presented as reference centiles developed by use of the lambda, mu, sigma method. Results: Boys had significantly higher PImax and PEmax values. Next to sex and age, fat-free mass appeared to be an important predictor of respiratory muscle strength. Reference centiles demonstrated a slight, almost linear increase in PImax with age in boys, and a less steep increase with age in girls. TT0.1 values did not differ between boys and girls and decreased linearly with age. Conclusion: This study provides reference values for respiratory muscle strength and work of breathing at rest. In addition to sex and age, fat-free mass was found to be an important predictor of respiratory muscle strength in boys and girls.
Repair of Traumatic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Combined with Congenital Falciform Retinal Detachment
Authors: Mano Fukutaro , Chang Kuo-Chung , Mano Tomiya
Published: January 2018

Purpose: To report a case of surgical repair of traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with congenital falciform retinal detachment (FRD). Methods: A retrospective case report. Results: A 36-year-old man with traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicating a previously known FRD was successfully treated despite residual FRD following pars plana lensectomy, vitrectomy, and encircling scleral buckling. His best corrected visual acuity improved from hand motion at 50 cm to 20/1,000. Conclusion: We concluded that the root of the FRD is susceptible to trauma because of the contraction of fibrovascular tissue. The early intervention of modern vitrectomy to traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicating a previously known FRD is an important consideration for enhanced quality of care and optimal patient outcomes.
Two Cases of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Associated with Asteroid Hyalosis
Authors: Okuda Yoshitaka , Kakurai Keigo , Sato Takaki , Morishita Seita , Fukumoto Masanori , Kohmoto Ryohsuke , Takagi Mai , Kobayashi Takatoshi , Kida Teruyo , Ikeda Tsunehiko
Published: January 2018

Background: To report two cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with asteroid hyalosis (AH). Case Presentation: Two patients presented with RRD originating from a flap tear. Case 1 involved a 62-year-old male who was found to have bullous RRD in his left eye originating from a flap tear. During vitreous surgery, a thick vitreous cortex was found to have strongly adhered to the entire retinal surface, from the center to the periphery. A bimanual method was then used in conjunction with the vitrectomy to create an artificial posterior vitreous detachment. After surgery, the retina was successfully reattached, and his corrected visual acuity (VA) improved. Case 2 involved a 70-year-old male who was found to have localized RRD in his left eye originating from a flap tear. During vitreous surgery, a thick vitreous cortex was found to have strongly adhered to the entire retinal surface. After surgery, the retina was successfully reattached, and his corrected VA improved. Conclusions: RRD associated with AH presents with stronger vitreoretinal adhesion compared to typical RRD, thus requiring a more complicated surgical technique to properly treat the patient.
Risk Factors and Clinical Features in Cashew Nut Oral Food Challenges
Authors: Inoue Takashi , Ogura Kiyotake , Takahashi Kyohei , Nishino Makoto , Asaumi Tomoyuki , Yanagida Noriyuki , Sato Sakura , Ebisawa Motohiro
Published: January 2018

Background: Cashew nuts (CN) are capable of causing severe allergic reactions. However, little has been reported about the details of CN oral food challenges (OFC). Methods: CN-specific IgE (sIgE) levels were measured for 1 year in 66 patients who underwent an OFC with >3 g CN for diagnosis or confirmation of tolerance acquisition between June 2006 and August 2014. We retrospectively analyzed the OFC and patient background. Results: The median (IQR) age of the 66 patients (48 boys/men and 18 girls/women) was 7.0 years (5.7-8.8). Twelve patients (18.2%) had a positive OFC result; 6 of 8 (75%) patients with a history of an immediate reaction to CN failed the OFC. Anaphylaxis was experienced by 5 of these 12 (42%) patients. A history of an immediate reaction to CN and the CN sIgE levels were significantly different for patients with a positive or negative OFC result (p < 0.01). Among patients without a previous immediate reaction to CN, the 95% positive predictive value (PPV) for the CN sIgE level for a positive OFC result was 66.1 kUA/L. Conclusions: A history of an immediate reaction to CN and high CN sIgE were risk factors for a positive OFC result. The number of positive OFC results was relatively low, but there was a high probability of anaphylaxis. We should consider the indication of OFC carefully for patients with a history of immediate reactions to CN and avoid OFC for patients without such a history whose CN sIgE values are >66.1 kUA/L (95% PPV).
Risk Factors for Intraoperative Hypocapnia in Pediatric Neurosurgical Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song In-Kyung , Choi Soolyoen , Lee Seohee , Kim Eun-Hee , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kim Hee-Soo , Kim Jin-Tae
Published: January 2018

Background: Hypocapnia has been associated with an increased risk and adverse outcomes in the injured brain. This study aimed to identify risk factors of intraoperative hypocapnia in pediatric neurosurgical patients when tidal volumes and respiratory rates were determined based on their weight and age, respectively. Methods: Electronic medical records of pediatric patients (≤18 years) who underwent neurosurgery from December 2014 to January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Minute ventilation was fixed according to each patient's weight and age. Hypocapnia was defined as arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide <35 mm Hg from intraoperative arterial blood gas analysis. Patients were divided into hypocapnia and nonhypocapnia groups. Risk factors for intraoperative hypocapnia were found using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 333 pediatric patients analyzed, 101 (30%) and 232 (70%) were included in the hypocapnia and nonhypocapnia groups, respectively. There was no difference in the minute ventilation between the two groups. The hypocapnia group had more patients taking valproate (8.9 vs. 2.2%; p = 0.008; OR, 4.441; 95% CI, 1.449-13.61) and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (7.9 vs. 2.2%; p = 0.018; OR, 3.905; 95% CI, 1.245-12.25). An operation for hydrocephalus was more commonly performed in the hypocapnia group (26.7 vs. 15.9%; p = 0.017; OR, 1.923; 95% CI, 1.094-3.379). In the multivariable regression analysis, valproate (OR, 3.939; 95% CI, 1.250-12.41; p = 0.019), carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (OR, 3.345; 95% CI, 1.029-10.88; p = 0.045), and operation for hydrocephalus (OR, 1.838; 95% CI, 1.032-3.272; p = 0.039) were independent risk factors for intraoperative hypocapnia. Conclusions: Pediatric patients taking valproate and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and who were scheduled for surgery of hydrocephalus were at risk of developing intraoperative hypocapnia during neurosurgery, a finding warning the surgeon that a conventional ventilatory strategy would endanger these patients.
The Role of History of Gastro-Duodenal Ulcer in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Takatori Yusaku , Kato Motohiko , Sunata Yukie , Hirai Yuichiro , Kubosawa Yoko , Abe Keichiro , Takada Yoshiaki , Hirata Tetsu , Banno Shigeo , Wada Michiko , Kinoshita Satoshi , Mori Hideki , Takabayashi Kaoru , Kikuchi Miho , Kikuchi Masahiro , Suzuki Masayuki , Uraoka Toshio
Published: January 2018

Background: Some scoring systems have been introduced to predict the need for performing urgent endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, in an emergency situation, this intervention is insufficient and cannot easily provide the required treatment. Aim: To identify new risk factors that can predict the need for endoscopic intervention (EI) in UGIB patients. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients with UGIB admitted from April 2011 to August 2014 were included. The proportion of cases requiring EI and clinical factors (age, gender, antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy, history of gastro-duodenal ulcer (GDU), systolic blood pressure, heart rate, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr ratio), prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, and Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS) were analyzed using logistic regression models. Result: Of 378 patients who were included in this study, 180 were found to be with GDU. The proportion of cases requiring EI was significantly higher in those with GDU than in other causes except variceal bleeding (53.5 vs. 37.0%, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that a history of GDU was an independent risk factor (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.06–3.00) in addition to BUN/Cr ratio (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03) and GBS (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08–1.33). Conclusion: A history of GDU was an independent risk factor for predicting the need for EI in UGIB in addition to BUN/Cr ratio and GBS.
Adaptacão televisiva: uma análise das formas de tratamento pronominais do espanhol madrilenho e bogotano
Authors: Silva Adilson Da
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo visa a apresentar alguns dos resultados da pesquisa de iniciação científica (PIBIC-CNPq) titulada “Aquí no hay quien viva: análise contrastiva de uma série espanhola e suas adaptações hispano-americanas” realizada no Departamento de Letras da EFLCH-Unifesp sob orientação da Profa. Dra. Andreia Menezes. Buscamos analisar a versão original espanhola e suas adaptações homônimas produzidas na Argentina (Telefé), no Chile (Chilevisión) e na Colômbia (RCN) no que tange às questões linguísticas e culturais imbricadas no processo de adaptação. Classificada como uma sitcom, esta série tornou-se um grande fenômeno de audiência da televisão espanhola. Graças ao sucesso televisivo, foi adaptada e transmitida em vários países, como Finlândia, Grécia e Portugal. Não obstante, foi levada também a países de língua espanhola através de adaptação (remake). Neste artigo, tratamos de analisar especificamente o primeiro capítulo da série original espanhola Aquí no hay quien viva (Antena 3, 2003-2006) e de sua versão homônima colombiana (RCN, 2008-2009) no que tange ao uso das formas de tratamento singulares informais, bem como comentar o processo adaptativo a partir dos estudos (sócio)linguísticos e culturais.
“Going for Broke” on Palestine
Authors: Steiner Barry H.
Published: January 2018

This article, a corrective to long-time frustration experienced by the United States in mediating Israel-Palestine differences, argues for American recognition of a Palestinian state to reach a two-state solution. Recognition, though not even-handed, constitutes legitimate mediation, as confronting one or another primary antagonist can be a useful mediation strategy. Though Israel is likely to object tousrecognition of Palestine, analysis suggests the objection is not likely to lead to a break in Israel-American relations, which would jeopardize the valued Israel-American alliance. Recognition as a fallback option is recommended for the Trump administration’s way forward in mediating the conflict.
Revision of the species related to Lalagetes subfasciatus Boheman and transfer of remaining Lalagetes species to other genera of Embrithini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)
Authors: BOROVEC ROMAN , SKUHROVEC JIŘÍ
Published: January 2018

The genus Lalagetes Schoenherr, 1842 is redefined, compared with related genera and all known species placed among three genera. Four new species from South Africa are described: L. andersoni sp. nov. (Mpumalanga), L. howdenorum sp. nov. (Limpopo), L. sarkae sp. nov. (KwaZulu-Natal) and L. zitae sp. nov. (KwaZulu-Natal). Lectotypes of Lalagetes seminulum Fåhraeus, 1871 and L. subfasciatus Boheman, 1842 are designated here, and both species redescribed. All of the following species are keyed and illustrated. The following new combinations are proposed: Glyptosomus edax (Marshall, 1939), G. inaequalis (Marshall, 1941), G. leurops (Marshall, 1931), G. setosus (Boheman, 1845), G. squamulatus (Boheman, 1842), G. subfrenatus (Marshall, 1947b), G. variegatus (Boheman, 1845), Phaylomerinthus hispidus (Hartmann, 1906), P. nanus (Marshall, 1947a), P. pallipes (Fåhraeus, 1871), P. parcus (Marshall, 1947a), P. rudis (Marshall, 1958), P. signatus (Hartmann, 1906) and P. viridulus (Fåhraeus, 1871).
Species of Prioninae, Parandrinae, Lepturinae (Insecta, Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and Disteniidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from east Paraná State (Brazil), with three new geographic distribution records
Authors: BARROS RAFAEL C. DE , FONSECA MAILSON G. DA , DE ARVARENGA JULIO CARLOS E.
Published: January 2018

A list of species of the Prioninae, Parandrinae and Lepturinae (Cerambycidae) and Disteniidae sampled in the Iguaçu National Park (PNI) from March 2012 to December 2015 using different collection methods, is presented. Twenty species were recorded, all of which are registered for the first time for the PNI, including three Parandrinae species represent new distribution records for the state of Paraná. Details of distribution, the material examined and an illustration are given for each species.
Psychiatric Features of Adult GM2 Gangliosidosis
Authors: Streifler J. , Golomb M. , Gadoth N.
Published: January 2018

The report describes three unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish women with adult GM2gangliosidosis in whom mental symptoms were prominent, mimicking different psychiatric disorders, and thus delaying accurate diagnosis.
Suicide in London. An Ecological Study: Peter Sainsbury
Authors: Ramsay Rosalind
Published: January 2018

It is almost a hundred years since Durkheim noted that the suicide rate for any country stayed surprisingly constant over time, and differed consistently from that found in other nations. This striking observation led him to argue that a community's suicide rate varied with the extent to which individuals identified with the social group that both controlled and defined their activities. If a group lost cohesion, it could no longer impose such order, and the individual's striving would lack purpose and meaning. So, for example, in times of economic crisis when social controls may be more relaxed, Durkheim predicted an increase in ‘anomic’ suicides.
The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy:
Authors: Yalom Irvin D. , Crouch E. C.
Published: January 2018

This book first appeared in 1970 and has gone into two further editions, one in 1975 and this one in 1985. Yalom is also the author of Existential Psychotherapy (1980), In-patient Group Psychotherapy (1983), the co-author with Lieberman of Encounter Groups: First Facts (1973) and with Elkin of Every Day Gets a Little Closer: A Twice-Told Therapy (1974) (which recounts the course of therapy from the patient's and the therapist's viewpoint). The present book is the central work of the set and seems to me the most substantial. It is also one of the most readable of his works because of its straightforward style and the liberal use of clinical examples.
Transcultural Psychiatry
Authors: Cox John L.
Published: January 2018

The perspective for this review is that of a general psychiatrist who is convinced of the clinical relevance of sociocultural psychiatry for a full, multimodel understanding of mental illness, and is aware of the intellectual stimulus which occurs when the clinical and research vistas extend from one cultural unit to another (i.e.transcultural psychiatry). My specific purpose therefore is to name some books which can help establish ‘good practice’ in multicultural Britain and are useful reference texts for teaching, as well as research. The choice of books inevitably reflects my own clinical and academic interests, and the volumes received from the review editor of this Journal over recent years. Any particularly disenfranchised reader will nevertheless find sufficient reference to other aspects of this fascinating field which has now become central to much present day clinical practice; transcultural psychiatry has been regarded as having ‘come of age’ and yet paradoxically also as beginning ‘at home’. Evidence in support of these developmental aphorisms can be culled from the publication of at least 20 books on cultural psychiatry in the last two decades, as well as from the final reports of the World Health Organization epidemiological studies which may have reassured the dubious that the major psychoses, such as schizophrenia and manic-depression, and even the neuroses are universally recognised, even if their presentation and ‘explanatory models' differ radically between some cultures, although are similar in others.
Safety and feasibility of prostate stereotactic ablative radiotherapy using multimodality imaging and flattening filter free
Authors: Duffton Aileen , Sadozye Azmat , Devlin Lynsey , MacLeod Nicholas , Lamb Carolynn , Currie Suzanne , McLoone Philip , Sankaralingam Marimuthu , Foster John , Paterson Stephanie , Keatings Stefanie , Dodds David
Published: January 2018

Objective:

To investigate feasibility and safety of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in the management of prostate cancer while employing MR/CT fusion for delineation, fiducial marker seeds for positioning and Varian RapidArc with flattening filter free (FFF) delivery.

Methods:

41 patients were treated for low-intermediate risk prostate cancer with initial prostate-specific antigen of ≤20 ng ml−1, Gleason score 6–7. Patients had MR/CT fusion for delineation of prostate ±seminal vesicles. CT/MR fusion images were used for delineation and planned using flattening filter free modality. Verification on treatment was cone beam CT imaging with fiducial markers for matching. Patients had Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring for genitourinary and gastointestinal symptoms at baseline, week 4, 10 and 18.

Results:

Clinically acceptable plans were achieved for all patients, all plans achieved the objective clinical target volume D99% ≥ 95%, and for planning target volume D95% ≥ 95%. Rectum dose constraints were met for 95.1% for V18 Gy ≤ 35%, 80% V28 Gy ≤ 10%. A total of 32 (78.0%) plans achieved all rectum dose constraints.

Grade 1 acute genitourinary symptoms were 53.7% of patients at baseline, 90.2% [95% CI (76.8–97.3%)] (p = 0.0005) at treatment 5, falling to 78.0% (62.4–89.4%) at week 4, and 75.0% (58.8–87.3%) by week 10 and 52.5% (36.1–68.5%) (p = 1.00) at week 18.

Acute gastrointestinal symptoms were 5% at baseline, 46.3% [95% CI (30.7–62.6%)] at treatment 5, week 4 43.9% [95% CI (28.5–60.3%)], week 10 25.0% (11.1–42.3%), and declined slightly by week 18 [–20.095% CI (12.7–41.2)] p = 0.039. Overall 75.6% (31/41) of patients experienced Grade 1–2 toxicity during or after treatment.

Conclusion:

This planning and delivery technique is feasible, safe and efficient. A homogeneous dose can be delivered to prostate with confidence, whilst limiting high dose to nearby structures. The use of this technology can be applied safely within further randomized study protocols.

Advances in knowledge:

Multimodality imaging for delineation and linac-based image-guided RT with FFF for the treatment of prostate stereotactic ablative radiotherapy.
EFFICIENCY OF PROCESSING PRODUCTS APPLICATION OF BIOGAS PLANT IN GREENHOUSE FARMING
Authors: Фадеева Наталья , Fadeeva Natal'ya , Васильев Олег , Vasil'ev Oleg
Published: January 2018

The article describes the results of scientific research on the study of chemical composition of solid products of poultry manure processing in a biogas plant LLC “NPO “Agrobiogaz”, St. Petersburg. Biofertilizer has the structure of semi-decomposed peat, it disperses well, has a faint smell of manure. 1 ton of natural substance contains, an average, 16.5 kilogram per ton of total nitrogen, 20 kilogram per ton of total phosphorus, and about 16 kilogram per ton of total potassium, as well as microelements. The content of heavy metals within the requirements; there are no traces of pesticides.
LOST MOTION OF PLUNGER AS A DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETER OF FUEL PUMPS OF DISTRIBUTION TYPE
Authors: Доброхотов Юрий , Dobrohotov Yuriy , Иванщиков Юрий , Ivanschikov Yuriy , Васильев Александр , Vasil'ev Aleksandr , Андреев Роман , Andreev Roman
Published: January 2018

A device for measuring the lost motion of plungers of a distribution type pump is proposed. The indices of plungers’ lost run of pump sections of the fuel pump ND-22/6 are given. As a result of statistical processing of the obtained data, a correlation was established between the values of the lost motion of plungers of the pump sections. It is proposed to use the plunger’s lost motion values as a diagnostic parameter of the technical state of the distribution-type pumps.