bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peters Anomaly in Twins: A Case Report of a Rare Incident with Novel Comorbidities
Authors: Almarzouki Hashem S. , Tayyib Alaa A. , Khayat Hassan A. , Alsulami Raed E. , Alzahrani Saeed M. , Alkahtani Abdulaziz S. , Alghifees Loai S.
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Peters anomaly is a rare developmental malformation involving the anterior segment of the eye, which culminates in amblyopia or congenital blindness. Multiple ocular and/or systemic malformations have been observed with this anomaly, and novel comorbidities continue to be reported. Case Presentation: The probands were monozygotic twin boys (twin I and twin II) born to consanguineous parents at 36 weeks of gestation. Coarse facial features and deep-seated eyes were noted at birth. At 6 months, ophthalmic examination revealed that both twins were unable to blink in response to light, or to fixate and follow a moving object. Both twins had prominent horizontal nystagmus. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated varying degrees of central leukoma (corneal opacity) associated with iridocorneal adhesion, which is characteristic of type I Peters anomaly. No cataractous changes were observed. Normal intraocular pressure and disorganized retina were observed. Pupillary abnormalities included bilaterally underdeveloped pupils and bilateral absence of pupils was noted. Ocular MRI showed bilateral microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia, with a small optic chiasm in both twins. At this age, the diagnosis of Peters anomaly was made. At 16 months of age, both twins developed deep venous thrombosis and purpuric skin lesions. Investigations revealed a hereditary thrombophilia secondary to a homozygous mutation causing protein C deficiency, which is a rare thrombotic condition. Ocular ultrasonography revealed bilateral vitreous hemorrhaging linked to altered coagulation. One twin developed bilateral inguinal hernia and cryptorchidism. Conclusion: The novel concordance of Peters anomaly in these monozygotic twins sharing a mutation in PROC gene provides further evidence that this anomaly has a genetic basis. Hypoplasia of the optic nerves and optic chiasm, along with severe protein C deficiency and bilateral absence of the pupils, are associated comorbidities that have not previously been reported with this anomaly.
Robotic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Advanced Stage Disease
Authors: Mearini Luigi , Nunzi Elisabetta , Di Biase Manuel , Silvi Elisa , Sabatini Ilaria , Porena Massimo
Published: October 2016

Objectives: The current report describes the feasibility of robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RRPLND), including some technical tricks for port placement for both right- and left-sided surgery. Methods: Patients with advanced stage retroperitoneal disease underwent RRPLND using the 4-arm da Vinci Si Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc.). In both cases, the field of dissection was an ipsilateral template for lymph node dissection. Results: RRPLND in such configuration was safe and effective in both cases. The illustrated port placement with perpendicular docking of the robot allowed for a wide range of motion with limited external clashing, providing sufﬁcient space for the assistant surgeon. The operative time was 300 min (including docking and console time), with no perioperative complications and short hospital stay. Conclusion: The port configuration for right- or left-sided unilateral template RRPLND was feasible, permitting a wide range of motion for the robotic arms and thus facilitating an efficient and safe dissection.
ОЦІНКА СКЛАДОВИХ СТРУКТУРИ ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ НЕРВОВИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У ОСІБ ЮНАЦЬКОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Voloshyn O. S.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. Проведено дослідження таких складових структури інтелекту: аналіз, конкретне мислення, екстраполяція, площинна уява, просторова уява, запам’ятовування, а також ефективності зорово-моторної і слухомоторної реакцій осіб юнацького віку. Встановлено, що конкретне мислення, площинна уява і запам’ятовування мають високі значення, обстежені демонструють достатній рівень пластичності нервових процесів та ефективність розвитку збудження, однак середні значення показників аналізу, екстраполяції, просторової уяви є меншими від норми.
РОЗПОДІЛ S-100b У МОЗКУ ЩУРІВ ЗА ПІТУЇТРИН-ІЗАДРИНОВОЇ МОДЕЛІ ІШЕМІЇ СЕРЦЯ
Authors: Dovban O. O. , Ushakovа H. O.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. Ішемія серця та головного мозку – ураження, що виникає внаслідок зниження кровотоку й обмеження надходження до тканин кисню і глюкози. У мозку S-100b продукують головним чином астроцити. Астроцити головного мозку найпершими реагують на метаболічний дефіцит, оскільки він є первинною ланкою у гематоенцефалічному бар’єрі між судинами та нейронами. Ішемічний стан індукує перерозподіл кальцій-зв’язуючого протеїну S-100b і підвищення його рівня. Кількісні зміни S-100b на сьогодні розглядаються як маркер мозкового пошкодження. Отримані дані вказують, що за умов експериментальної пітуїтрин-ізадринової моделі ішемії серця має місце лише незначна зміна вмісту протеїну S-100b у мозку дослідних тварин.
 
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ДІЯ ГАЛОВОЇ КИСЛОТИ ТА КВЕРЦЕТИНУ НА ПОКАЗНИКИ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СТАНУ НИРОК ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ДІАБЕТУ 2 ТИПУ
Authors: Zahayko А. L. , Kravchenko H. B.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. Науковці перебувають у постійному пошуку нових молекул, які можуть бути використані в якості біологічно активних функціональних інгредієнтів у боротьбі з діабетом та його ускладненнями. У цьому контексті флавоноїди є групою молекул, інтерес до яких зростає. Метою дослідження було порівняльне вивчення ефекту біофлавоноїдів кверцетину та галової кислоти на функціональний стан нирок у щурів з експериментальним цукровим діабетом 2 типу. Лікування з використанням досліджених фенольних сполук значно зменшує ниркову дисфункцію. При цьому кверцетин проявив дещо вищу активність, що корелює з вищою антиоксидантною здатністю.
МЕХАНІЗМИ ЗАПАЛЬНИХ ТА АВТОІМУННИХ РЕАКЦІЙ ПРИ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗКОВІЙ ТРАВМІ
Authors: Ziablitsev S. V. , Yuzkiv Ya. S.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. У модельному експерименті на білих щурах-самцях із черепно-мозковою травмою середньотяжкого ступеня було показано, що механізми запальних та автоімунних реакцій включають прогресувальне наростання циркулюючих імунних комплексів та С-реактивного білка; значне накопичення у крові нейроспецифічних білків S100B, NSE і GAPF, а починаючи з 7 доби, – автоімунних антифосфоліпідних антитіл, що могло бути пов’язано із різким приростом рівня прозапальних цитокінів, особливо інтерлейкіну 1b та інтерлейкіну 6.
ДИНАМІКА МІНЕРАЛЬНОЇ ЩІЛЬНОСТІ КІСТКОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ ТА ІНДЕКСУ МІНЕРАЛІЗАЦІЇ В ПІЗНІЙ ПЕРІОД ТРАВМАТИЧНОЇ ХВОРОБИ НА ТЛІ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНОГО ОСТЕОПОРОЗУ
Authors: Mashevskyi А. S.
Published: October 2016

Резюме. Моделювання скелетної і краніоскелетної травми супроводжується істотним порушенням мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини та індексу мінералізації кісткової тканини, яке суттєво вище через 1 міс. посттравматичного періоду у тварин із поєднаною краніоскелетною травмою. Моделювання травм через 30 діб після видалення гонад зумовлює суттєве зниження досліджуваних показників через 1 міс. посттравматичного періоду, які залишаються на такому ж рівні до 2 міс. експерименту. В цих експериментальних умовах порушення мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини та індексу мінералізації є вірогідно меншими, ніж у тварин без гіпоестрогенного остеопорозу, що особливо виражено через 2 міс. експерименту.
ОСНОВНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПОРУШЕНЬ РИТМУ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЄЮ ТА ХРОНІЧНОЮ ІШЕМІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ СЕРЦЯ НА ФОНІ ГАСТРОЕЗОФАГЕАЛЬНОЇ РЕФЛЮКСНОЇ ХВОРОБИ
Authors: Morieva D. Yu. , Stadniuk L. A. , Prykhodko V. Yu.
Published: October 2016

Резюме. Мета роботи – продемонструвати вплив ГЕРБ на перебіг ІХС на прикладі аналізу кількісних і якісних характеристик порушень ритму, а також частоти і тривалості ішемічних епізодів у пацієнтів з АГ в поєднанні з хронічною ІХС на тлі ГЕРХ. З цією метою було обстежено 107 пацієнтів з АГ в поєднанні з хронічною ІХС, віком від 44 до 78 років. Середній вік пацієнтів склав 63,4±8,94 року, в тому числі 73 (68,2 %) жінок і 34 (31,8 %)  чоловіків. Основною групу склало 65 пацієнтів з АГ в поєднанні з хронічною ІХС на тлі ГЕРХ і 42 пацієнти з АГ в поєднанні з хронічною ІХС без супутньої ГЕРХ, відповідно, увійшло в групу контролю. Були проведені всі необхідні загальноклінічні та інструментальні обстеження відповідно до поставлених завдань дослідження: загальноклінічне дослідження, ЕхоКГ, холтерівське моніторування ЕКГ, езофагогастродуоденоскопія. Отримані дані свідчать про значно більшу частоту порушень ритму як суправентрикулярних, так і шлуночкових, в групі пацієнтів з АГ в поєднанні з хронічною ІХС на тлі ГЕРХ. Крім того, за кількісними характеристиками порушень ритму пацієнти з супутньою ГЕРХ характеризувалися більш тяжким перебігом порушень ритму, що відображалося великою кількістю пацієнтів з аритміями більш високих градацій. Наявність супутньої ГЕРХ у пацієнтів з АГ в поєднанні з хронічною ІХС достовірно частіше асоціювалося з наявністю ФП. Частота ішемічних епізодів у пацієнтів з АГ в поєднанні з хронічною ІХС на тлі ГЕРХ була достовірно частіше в порівнянні з пацієнтами без супутньої ГЕРХ. Таким чином ГЕРБ у пацієнтів з АГ в поєднанні з хронічною ІХС є додатковим фактором, який погіршує перебіг ІХС і створює умови для підвищення загального кардіоваскулярної ризику.
КОРИГУЮЧИЙ ВПЛИВ ТІОТРИАЗОЛІНУ НА ПОРУШЕНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ КЛІТИННОГО ТА ГУМОРАЛЬНОГО ІМУНІТЕТУ ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМУ АЛЕРГІЧНОМУ АЛЬВЕОЛІТІ В УМОВАХ АДРЕНАЛІНОВОГО ПОШКОДЖЕННЯ МІОКАРДА
Authors: Pyndus V. B.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. В статті показано зростання рівня циркулюючих імунних комплексів та В-лімфоцитів на тлі зниження вмісту Т-лімфоцитів у крові експериментальних тварин з алергічним альвеолітом і адреналіновим пошкодженням міокарда на першу, сьому, чотирнадцяту і двадцять четверту доби експерименту. Встановлено, що застосування тіотриазоліну впродовж десяти діб має позитивну коригувальну дію на досліджувані показники імунологічної реактивності.

 
АНАЛІЗ АНАМНЕСТИЧНИХ ТА ЛАБОРАТОРНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ПАЦІЄНТОК З ГІПЕРПЛАСТИЧНИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ ЕНДОМЕТРІя ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ БАГАТОПАРАМЕТРИЧНОЇ НЕЙРОМЕРЕЖЕВОЇ КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Slyva A. F. , Selskyi P. R. , Selskyi B. P.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. З метою підвищення ефективності діагностики гіперпластичних процесів ендометрія у жінок перименопаузального віку було проведено ретроспективний аналіз 52 карт стаціонарного хворого жінок, які перебували на лікуванні в гінекологічних відділеннях Тернополя і області. У відповідності з патогістологічним висновком, 1 групу склали 28 жінок з простою іперплазією ендометрія, 2 групу – 24 жінки з комплексною гіперплазією ендометрія. У групу порівняння ввійшли 12 соматично здорових жінок. Пересічний вік хворих 1 групи становив (47,0±1,0) років, 2 групи – 56,0±1,5) років. З метою поглибленого аналізу показників застосовано багатопараметричну нейромережеву кластеризацію. Встановлено, що до факторів ризику розвитку гіперпластичних процесів ендометрія у жінок ерименопаузального періоду належать неблагополучні соціально-економічні фактори: проживання в сільській місцевості, тяжкі умови праці, шкідливі звички та обтяжений акушерсько-гінекологічний анамнез, 3 і більше агітностей, велика кількість (4 і більше) акушерсько-гінекологічних втручань, використання внутрішньоматкової контрацепції. З метою встановлення значення поєднаних змін тих чи інших параметрів для прогнозу прогресування захворювання здійснено нейромережеву кластеризацію. становлено, що ймовірність прогресування гіперпластичних процесів ендометрія зростає з віком, якщо це поєднується із збільшенням кількості лейкоцитів у периферійній крові.
ПРОАТЕРОГЕННІ МЕТАБОЛІЧНІ РОЗЛАДИ ТА ОЦІНКА СИСТЕМИ ПЕРОКСИДАЦІЇ ЛІПІДІВ У КУРЦІВ, ХВОРИХ НА НЕСТАБІЛЬНУ СТЕНОКАРДІЮ
Authors: Solomenchuk T. M. , Bedzay A. O.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. Обстежено 68 хворих на нестабільну стенокардію (НС), з яких 23 жінки курці, 24 жінки, які не курили і не зазнавали пасивного впливу куріння та 21 чоловік-курець. У жінок-курців, порівняно з жінками, які не курили та чоловіками-курцями, спостерігалось зростання показників загального холестерину (ЗХС), холестерину ліпопротеїдів низької густини (ХС ЛПНГ), холестерину ліпопротеїдів дуже низької густини (ХС ЛПДНГ), тригліцеридів (ТГ) та активності ПОЛ, а вміст ХС ЛПВГ був нижчим, ніж у жінок-некурців та чоловіків-курців. Рівень церулоплазміну (ЦП) був вищим у чоловіків-курців, ніж у жінок-курців і некурців, в яких рівень ЦП був практично однаковий.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВЕГЕТАТИВНОГО СТАТУСА ПОДРОСТКОВ С ГОЛОВНОЙ БОЛЬЮ НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Stepanchenko K. A.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. Изучено состояние вегетативной нервной системы у подростков с головной болью напряжения. Установлено, что у подростков с головной болью напряжения присутствуют симптомы вегетативной дисфункции (90 %) с признаками вегетативной дисрегуляции респираторной и кардиоваскулярной систем. Клинические нарушения вегетативного статуса указывают на недостаточную активацию парасимпатического отдела с относительным преобладанием симпатического тонуса, а также на нарушение вегетативной регуляции при нагрузочных пробах, что проявляется недостаточной и парадоксальной вегетативной активностью (чрезмерностью и недостаточностью) вегетативного обеспечения физической деятельности. Эти изменения учащаются с учащением болевых цефалгических эпизодов. 
ПОБІЧНІ РЕАКЦІЇ У ХВОРИХ НА НЕЕФЕКТИВНО ЛІКОВАНИЙ ВПЕРШЕ ДІАГНОСТОВАНИЙ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ
Authors: Shevchenko R. M. , Prosvietov Yu. V. , Yasinskyi R. M. , Levich А. V.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. Метою дослідження стало встановлення структури побічних реакцій (ПР) та особливостей перебігу туберкульозу у хворих на вперше діагностований неефективно лікований туберкульоз, у яких виникли побічні реакції на протитуберкульозні препарати першого ряду. Проаналізовано 60 історій хвороб пацієнтів. Хворих було поділено на 2 групи: з ПР (І група) – 34 пацієнти, без ПР (ІІ група) – 26 хворих. Визначали статистичну значимість відмінностей між групами за допомогою критерію χ-квадрат, при кількості випадків менше 20 додатково користувалися правкою Єтса. Для аналізу кількісних показників використовували t-критерій Стьюдента. Тривалість інтенсивної фази лікування (з урахуванням терапії за 1 і 2 категоріями разом) у хворих, які мали ПР, була більшою: (188,6±9,5) доз проти (166,2±6,1) доз пацієнтів ІІ групи (р<0,05), за рахунок її подовження через відсутність конверсії мазка мокротиння або негативну рентгенологічну динаміку. У 32,4 % хворих побічні реакції мали клінічні прояви, вимагали відміни протитуберкульозних засобів і не зникали після призначення коригуючої терапії, що призводило до збільшення термінів лікування в інтенсивній фазі на (22,4±3,4) доз, р<0,05. 
An Ambiguous Literary Genre
Authors: Andolfi Ilaria
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the origins of early Greek mythography, exemplarily represented by Hecataeus of Miletus and Acusilaus of Argos. The paucity of verbatim quotations and a total lack of information about the publication of their prose works and their audience makes it difficult to frame them within a specific literary genre. Despite that, a better understanding of their cultural milieu could help us approach their literary production in a new way. What arises from this investigation is how unprofitable it is to rely upon a rigid distinction among the production of early prose writers who clearly share a common goal and, to some extent, a similar communicative strategy.
I remember you: female Siamese fighting fish recognise prior social partners
Authors: Dzieweczynski Teresa L. , Greaney Nicole E. , Portrais Kelley B. , Stevens Megan A.
Published: October 2016

Recognising social partners allows individuals to establish social networks with one another, informs mating decisions, and decreases energy expenditure. Studies rarely examine if females have this ability outside of mate choice. Additionally, it is unknown if familiarity differs when females encounter females versus males. Female Siamese fighting fish were placed into one of six treatment groups that differed based on the sex of the interactant (female or male) and experience (familiar, unfamiliar or no previous exposure). In both female–female and female–male interactions, less behaviour was performed towards familiar individuals. However, the degree to which familiarity had an effect differed depending on the sex of the interactant and the behaviour measured. Familiarity may serve an important function if it increases an individual’s ability to remember the outcome of prior encounters and use this information in later encounters with the same individual. To fully understand social dynamics, both sexes must be examined.
The White Pill: Perceptions and Experiences of Efficacy of a Popular Tibetan Medicine in Multiethnic Rebgong
Authors:   Nianggajia
Published: October 2016

In this paper, I address the local perceptions and experiences of efficacy among producers and patients of a popular Tibetan medicine in multiethnic Rebgong, a regional hub of Tibetan medicine in Qinghai Province,prc. Known as the ‘White Pill’—Rikar in Tibetan, Jiebaiwan in Chinese—it is often taken directly without prescription for stomach and digestive disorders that are common among Tibetan, Han, and Hui patients. I will examine the White Pill’s classical formula and how different local producers in Rebgong explain what makes their own White Pill so effective and popular. Based on interviews with patients of different cultural backgrounds, my research shows that the popularity of this Tibetan medicine is increasing among both Tibetans and non-Tibetans in Rebgong during the past decade. This is probably due to the new ways of producing the White Pill by specifically targeting common digestive disorders, which often and previously have been experienced as not being satisfactorily treated by Chinese biomedical pharmaceuticals. In particular, Rikar or Jiebaiwan is locally known and experienced to be simply the most effective treatment for stomach and digestive disorders without having side effects.
Emigration Agents and the Agency of the Urban Press: Approaches to Transatlantic Migration in Hungary, 1880s–1914
Authors: Stráner Katalin
Published: October 2016

This article argues the importance of the urban press in shaping public opinion about transatlantic migration using the representation of emigration agents and agencies in the Hungarian press in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This also draws light to the importance of Budapest not only as a critical hub of emigration movements in terms of administration, transportation and information network that directed and controlled overseas emigration, but also as an agent of communication: the urban press, inseparable from the constantly transforming urban space, was a key agent in the transmission of knowledge and forming public opinion about the emigration question that was in the centre of political, social and cultural discourse during this period.
Captured on the Gold Coast
Authors: de Kok Gerhard , Feinberg Harvey M.
Published: October 2016

In May of 1746, slaving captain Christiaan Hagerop illegally captured ten Gold Coast canoe paddlers, seven of whom were free Africans from Elmina and Fante. Hagerop subsequently sailed to Suriname, where he sold the paddlers into slavery. To appease the relatives of the captured men and to safeguard its reputation among local Africans, the Dutch West India Company (WIC) launched a search for the kidnapped paddlers. Six of the men were eventually located in Suriname in 1749, the seventh having died in slavery. While the Africans were transported back to the Gold Coast via Amsterdam, the WIC tried to have Hagerop extradited to its Gold Coast possessions to receive punishment for his crime. A legal battle over jurisdictional competence ensued in the Dutch Republic, the outcome of which was that the captain was made to stand trial in Amsterdam, but in the end he received very little punishment.
Plantago hatschbachiana (Plantaginaceae), a critically-endangered new species from sandstone grasslands in Brazil, and an updated identification key to Plantago in Brazil and Paraguay
Authors: HASSEMER GUSTAVO
Published: October 2016

This article describes Plantago hatschbachiana, a narrowly-endemic new species from sandstone grasslands in Brazil. Specimens of this species were until now being identified as P. commersoniana. Plantago hatschbachiana is here assessed as critically endangered as it apparently only survives in one of its three recorded localities where it is currently threatened by an invasive shrub. In addition to that, the authorship of the name P. commersoniana is here discussed, and an updated identification key to Plantago in Brazil and Paraguay is here provided.
A Simple Route to Synthesize Cu@Ag Core–Shell Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Their Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties
Authors: Jin Xia , Mao Aiqin , Ding Mengling , Ding Peipei , Zhang Tianchi , Gu Xiaolong , Xiao Wei , Yuan Jin
Published: October 2016

Water-dispersed Cu@Ag core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) with 15 nm-diameter Cu core and 5 nm-thick Ag shell can be synthesized by a facile one-step chemical reduction at room temperature without any protective atmosphere. To obtain a homogeneous Ag coating on Cu, the influence of [Cu/Ag] molar ratio was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that Ag formed a dense coating on the surface of Cu, and that phase-pure spherical Cu@Ag core–shell bimetallic NPs were prepared when the [Cu/Ag] molar ratio was between 1/0.5 and 1/0.75. The time dependence of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra and XRD patterns of six-month stored Cu@Ag NPs showed that the as-prepared Cu@Ag NPs have a long-term antioxidant activity. Also, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals had a high stability and reproducibility for the substrates. Hence, the as-prepared Cu@Ag nanostructures can be used as an efficient substrate for SERS signals.
The ‘Kudumbashree Woman’ and the Kerala Model Woman: Women and Politics in Contemporary Kerala
Authors: Devika J.
Published: October 2016

This paper reflects on women’s presence in politics in Kerala where neoliberalised welfare now targets a very large number of women and inducts them into local governance. Offering a brief sketch of the shifts in the region in women’s roles and responsibilities from the pre-liberalisation period to the 1990s and after, the paper draws upon two spells of field- work to probe the unintended consequences that neoliberalised welfare has generated, the possibilities thrown up by institutional change in women’s self-help groups. This paper also attempts to view the commonalities and departures between the figure of the ‘Kerala Model Woman’, shaped in the laudatory literature on the ‘Kerala Model’ of development, and the emerging, apparently more troublesome, figure of the ‘Kudumbashree woman’.
Book Review: Asha Hans, Disability, Gender and the Trajectories of Power
Authors: Anand Shilpaa
Published: October 2016

Asha Hans, Disability, Gender and the Trajectories of Power. India: SAGE Publications, 2015, 278 pages, ₹995, ISBN-13: 978-9351501237.
The Push and Pull of Autonomy
Authors: Langfred Claus W. , Rockmann Kevin W.
Published: October 2016

Organizations characterized by knowledge work will experience pressures from a variety of sources to provide increasing levels of autonomy to employees. Furthermore, as the nature of work has changed, the manifestations of employee autonomy have become more complex and varied. Although a great deal of literature exists on the effects of various types and facets of autonomy, these literatures focus almost exclusively on individual-level effects. On the organizational side however, we suggest that the increasing trend toward various forms of employee autonomy presents a tension for organizations as they struggle to reconcile this relinquishing of control with organizational leaders’ inherent desire for more control. We explore how managers and supervisors of knowledge work manage the inherent conflict between employee demands for autonomy and organizational needs for control, especially as it relates to the management of complexity and fairness issues. Furthermore, we discuss how this tension has important implications for research and practice.
Liturgy for Last Days: Pastoral Reflections on Acknowledging and Supporting the End-of-Life Experience
Authors: Greeves Trish Towle
Published: October 2016

In the face of advancing medical technology, there are choices to make about undertaking or terminating life-prolonging treatments. The legalization of physician-prescribed lethal medication for terminally ill patients in some states has fostered increased discussion about end-of-life issues. This article includes several stories from the author's pastoral experience along with suggestions and prayers to help patients and their loved ones address this significant life passage in the context of their faith.
Natural history of SLC11 genes in vertebrates: tales from the fish world
Authors: Neves João V , Wilson Jonathan M , Kuhl Heiner , Reinhardt Richard , Castro L Filipe C , Rodrigues Pedro NS
Published: October 2016

Background

The SLC11A1/Nramp1 and SLC11A2/Nramp2 genes belong to the SLC11/Nramp family of transmembrane divalent metal transporters, with SLC11A1 being associated with resistance to pathogens and SLC11A2 involved in intestinal iron uptake and transferrin-bound iron transport. Both members of the SLC11 gene family have been clearly identified in tetrapods; however SLC11A1 has never been documented in teleost fish and is believed to have been lost in this lineage during early vertebrate evolution. In the present work we characterized the SLC11 genes in teleosts and evaluated if the roles attributed to mammalian SLC11 genes are assured by other fish specific SLC11 gene members.

Results

Two different SLC11 genes were isolated in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus. labrax), and named slc11a2-α and slc11a2-β, since both were found to be evolutionary closer to tetrapods SLC11A2, through phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics. Induction of slc11a2-α and slc11a2-β in sea bass, upon iron modulation or exposure to Photobacterium damselae spp. piscicida, was evaluated in in vivo or in vitro experimental models. Overall, slc11a2-α was found to respond only to iron deficiency in the intestine, whereas slc11a2-β was found to respond to iron overload and bacterial infection in several tissues and also in the leukocytes.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that despite the absence of slc11a1, its functions have been undertaken by one of the slc11a2 duplicated paralogs in teleost fish in a case of synfunctionalization, being involved in both iron metabolism and response to bacterial infection. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first example of this type of sub-functionalization in iron metabolism genes, illustrating how conserving the various functions of the SLC11 gene family is of crucial evolutionary importance.
FMAP: Functional Mapping and Analysis Pipeline for metagenomics and metatranscriptomics studies
Authors: Kim Jiwoong , Kim Min Soo , Koh Andrew Y. , Xie Yang , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: October 2016

Background

Given the lack of a complete and comprehensive library of microbial reference genomes, determining the functional profile of diverse microbial communities is challenging. The available functional analysis pipelines lack several key features: (i) an integrated alignment tool, (ii) operon-level analysis, and (iii) the ability to process large datasets.

Results

Here we introduce our open-sourced, stand-alone functional analysis pipeline for analyzing whole metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing data, FMAP (Functional Mapping and Analysis Pipeline). FMAP performs alignment, gene family abundance calculations, and statistical analysis (three levels of analyses are provided: differentially-abundant genes, operons and pathways). The resulting output can be easily visualized with heatmaps and functional pathway diagrams. FMAP functional predictions are consistent with currently available functional analysis pipelines.

Conclusion

FMAP is a comprehensive tool for providing functional analysis of metagenomic/metatranscriptomic sequencing data. With the added features of integrated alignment, operon-level analysis, and the ability to process large datasets, FMAP will be a valuable addition to the currently available functional analysis toolbox. We believe that this software will be of great value to the wider biology and bioinformatics communities.
BMP-SMAD signalling output is highly regionalized in cardiovascular and lymphatic endothelial networks
Authors: Beets Karen , Staring Michael W. , Criem Nathan , Maas Elke , Schellinx Niels , de Sousa Lopes Susana M. Chuva , Umans Lieve , Zwijsen An
Published: October 2016

Background

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling has emerged as a fundamental pathway in endothelial cell biology and deregulation of this pathway is implicated in several vascular disorders. BMP signalling output in endothelial cells is highly context- and dose-dependent. Phosphorylation of the BMP intracellular effectors, SMAD1/5/9, is routinely used to monitor BMP signalling activity. To better understand the in vivo context-dependency of BMP-SMAD signalling, we investigated differences in BMP-SMAD transcriptional activity in different vascular beds during mouse embryonic and postnatal stages. For this, we used the BRE::gfp BMP signalling reporter mouse in which the BMP response element (BRE) from the ID1-promotor, a SMAD1/5/9 target gene, drives the expression of GFP.

Results

A mosaic pattern of GFP was present in various angiogenic sprouting plexuses and in endocardium of cardiac cushions and trabeculae in the heart. High calibre veins seemed to be more BRE::gfp transcriptionally active than arteries, and ubiquitous activity was present in embryonic lymphatic vasculature. Postnatal lymphatic vessels showed however only discrete micro-domains of transcriptional activity. Dynamic shifts in transcriptional activity were also observed in the endocardium of the developing heart, with a general decrease in activity over time. Surprisingly, proliferative endothelial cells were almost never GFP-positive. Patches of transcriptional activity seemed to correlate with vasculature undergoing hemodynamic alterations.

Conclusion

The BRE::gfp mouse allows to investigate selective context-dependent aspects of BMP-SMAD signalling. Our data reveals the highly dynamic nature of BMP-SMAD mediated transcriptional regulation in time and space throughout the vascular tree, supporting that BMP-SMAD signalling can be a source of phenotypic diversity in some, but not all, healthy endothelium. This knowledge can provide insight in vascular bed or organ-specific diseases and phenotypic heterogeneity within an endothelial cell population.
Whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics as a marker of breast tumour characterization—comparison between ADC value and ADC entropy
Authors: Bougias Haralambos , Ghiatas Abraham , Priovolos Dimitrios , Veliou Konstantia , Christou Alexandra
Published: October 2016

Objective:

To prospectively assess the role of whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics in the characterization of breast tumours by comparing ADC value with ADC entropy.

Methods:

49 patients with 53 breast lesions underwent phased-array breast coil 1.5-T MRI. Two radiologists experienced in breast MRI, blinded to the final diagnosis, reviewed the ADC maps and placed a volume of interest on all slices including each lesion on the ADC map to obtain whole-lesion mean ADC value and ADC entropy. The mean ADC value and ADC entropy in benign and malignant lesions were compared by the Mann–Whitney U-test. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the two variables in the characterization of the breast lesions.

Results:

The benign (n = 19) and malignant lesions (n = 34) had mean diameters of 20.8 mm (10.1–31.5 mm) and 26.4 mm (10.5–42.3 mm), respectively. The mean ADC value of the malignant lesions was significantly lower than that of the benign ones (0.87 × 10−3  vs 1.49 × 10−3 mm2 s−1; p < 0.0001). Malignant ADC entropy was higher than benign entropy, without reaching levels of statistical significance (5.4 vs 5.0; p = 0.064). At a mean ADC cut-off value of 1.16 × 10−3 mm2 s−1, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malignancy became optimal (97.1% and 93.7, respectively) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.975. With regard to ADC entropy, the sensitivity and specificity at a cut-off of 5.18 were 67.6 and 68.7%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.664.

Conclusion:

Whole-lesion mean ADC could be a helpful index in the characterization of suspicious breast lesions, with higher sensitivity and specificity than ADC entropy.

Advances in knowledge:

Two separate parameters of the whole-lesion histogram were compared for their diagnostic accuracy in characterizing breast lesions. Mean ADC was found to be able to characterize breast lesions, whereas entropy proved to be unable to differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions. It is, however, likely that entropy may distinguish these two groups if a larger cohort were used, or the fact that this may be influenced by the molecular subtypes of breast cancers included.
Risk of ionizing radiation exposure from CT scans in the Neuro ICU - a patient safety blind spot?
Authors: Kumar Avinash B. , Neeley Roy C.
Published: October 2016

Introduction: The exposure to ionizing radiation has increased significantly with the wide availability of computed tomography (CT) scans and portable imaging technology. We examine the pattern of use of inpatient diagnostic imaging and radiation exposure in the neuro-intensive care unit (Neuro ICU, N-ICU) patient population at a large academic medical center.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all patients admitted to the Neuro ICU at our academic medical center from January 1 to December 31, 2013. The number and type of CT studies was collected, and the corresponding estimated radiation dose was calculated. We limited the evaluation to CT scans, which accounts for the majority of radiation exposure. Data were electronically collected and cross-referenced to the patients’ electronic medical records (EMR) and radiology records. Radiation dose estimates were calculated based on published reference values and conversion factors (CT head (2mSv)), CT angiography of the head and neck (7-10 mSv), Ct Chest /Abd/pelvis ( 10 mSv), CT cerebral perfusion analysis (3.3 mSv).

Results: In the calendar year 2013, we had a total of 2353 admission encounters (F=1078). The mean age on admission was 56.55Y ± 16.7. The mean length of ICU stay was 6.3 days. Mechanical ventilation was initiated on 420 patients with a mean length on mechanical ventilation 5.09 days. 2028 CT scans were completed of which approximately 60% were head CT without contrast (n=1209). 379 patients had multiple CT studies. The mean number of studies was 3.8 ± 2. The number of patients with more thanthree3 studies during their ICU stay was 159.  The maximum number of studies on a single patient was 21.

Conclusion: Patients in the Neuro ICU are at a risk for significant exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation exposure must be factored into the culture of quality and patient safety in the ICU.
Lymphoedema management at night: views from patients across five countries
Authors: Whitaker Justine C
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to gain a comprehensive insight into the use of night-time compression in the management of lymphoedema in patients who had been suffering from chronic lymphoedema for over 12 months. Data were collected and analysed from 94 patients, across five countries. Understanding user characteristics provided insight and understanding into how night-time compression regimens were initiated, products were used and benefits to the patient were reported. In addition to gaining an insight into user habits and night-time compression benefits, unmet needs were also identified. Positive outcomes from the use of night-time compression were reported, with all patients identifying benefits of using night-time compression. An increase in swelling was documented in 89% of all patients in this study group when night-time compression was not used. The study provided an opportunity to explore how lymphoedema affects patients, and how night-time compression can form part of a beneficial regime.
Anaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Annamraju Himabindu , Pavord Sue
Published: October 2016

Anaemia is the most common haematological disorder seen in pregnancy. Early recognition and effective management will help to reduce adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
Lord Baker warns of EBacc's damaging 1904 curriculum
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: October 2016

Peer says EBacc is ‘regressive’, ‘severely limits learning’, ignores the skills needed for today's workforce, and fails poorer students
What makes a fantastic science department?
Authors: Little Adam
Published: October 2016

What are the secrets to success for a great secondary school science department? Adam Little suggests three key elements and describes examples of best practice
The school photograph
Authors: Trafford Bernard
Published: October 2016

In this day and age, is the school photograph still a valuable use of time? Dr Bernard Trafford thinks it is
Embroidered portraiture and the intentional creation of human visibility and value
Authors: White Tanya
Published: October 2016

The aim of my research was to create a portrait following a sequential practice-based process. A mug-shot photograph of a female face was analysed and reinterpreted as an embroidered portrait. Hand-stitched embroidery and embellishment techniques define the facial features and surroundings of the subject matter. The final representation encapsulates my total experience while researching this woman’s image in both a practical and a theoretical way. This encompasses the physical procedures of sketching, painting and embroidering her likeness, with a preoccupation and self-awareness necessary to understand the theories engaged with during these processes. I used an arts-based framework, looking at Michael Podro’s writing ‘Depiction and the concept of subjectification’ in interpreting the portrait subject. In my analysis of the mug shot I drew on Roland Barthes’ theories of ‘essence’ or ‘air’ of a person and his concept of ‘punctum’, the personal and unexplained emotional response caused by a photographic image. Similarly, Gilles Deleuze’s concepts of ‘affection-image’, the ability for a photograph, specifically the extreme close-up of the face or ‘traits of faceiticity’, to move, touch, disturb, disgust... to profoundly affect the viewer with the ‘micro-expressions’ and fine detail magnified in her frozen look. I also referred to Claire Valier’s writings on the ‘punitive power’ of the documentary photograph to punish, shame, shock, elicit guilt or incarcerate as a means of social commentary and an agent of justice (Valier 2004: 254). These philosophies informed the potency and persuasiveness of the photographic content. The picture acts as a visual record of an actual moment that facilitates belief in the accuracy of the event depicted. With this, my female subject represented in the mug shot was a criminal, a prostitute and there was incriminating physical evidence of drug addiction. By transforming the mug shot to a handcrafted embroidered portrait, I intended to remove the stigmatized version of the women. While doing so, I willingly addressed the issues of agency in the subject, viewer and image–maker relationship. These concepts brought forth an intense analysis of my motives and intentions in making the portrait, which eventually lead to an understanding and development of a process that revealed my own translation of my subject’s humanity.
Politicizing motorcycles: Racialized capital of technology, techno-Orientalism and Japanese temporality
Authors: Miyake Esperanza
Published: October 2016

This article politicizes the racialization of motorcycles and critically examines the representation and material consumption of Japanese raciality and technology through motorcyclic discourses. First, referring to online discourses surrounding Harley-Davidson and Japanese motorcycles, I argue that these essentialize and racialize motorcycles, which in turn, through their material consumption, become a technology for classifying, racializing and organizing sociocultural systems of western cultural hegemony. I suggest the term racialized capital of technology as a way of examining and politicizing the ideological-material intersection of racialized technology. Second, through an analysis of Honda’s contemporary advertising discourse (United Kingdom, United States, Japan, World websites), I focus further on the racialization of technology by exploring the ways in which Japan is temporalized through technology. I re-think techno-Orientalist ideas on the future and technology as being ‘Japanized’ and, instead, explore the Japanization of the past through technology, or the historicization of Japanese technology. I argue that Honda’s dual connectivity to the past and the future marks a destabilization of techno-Orientalist discourses of Japan and technology, providing a counter-narrative against western cultural hegemony. However, I am also critical of such discourses and consider some of the historical and ontological tensions surrounding the representation of Japan and technology, relating these to Japanese temporal imperialism and capitalism.
Visualizing post-human and cybersexuality: Lin Pey-Chwen and the Eve Clone series
Authors: Turner Ming
Published: October 2016

This article takes post-human and cybersexuality as the main perspectives from which to contextualize the Taiwanese artist Lin Pey-Chwen’s (born 1959) Eve Clone series, on which she has been working since 2006. It describes how Eve Clone’s virtual body of Eve expresses Lin’s perceptions of the symbols and imaginings of the post-human. The latest Eve Clone series explores issues of femininity, but is also related to the religious symbolism that Lin has adapted in the creation of her work. Although using science and digitality to create art, Lin criticizes technical civilization while reclaiming the importance of nature. In Portrait of Eve Clone, the cyborg body has been created from the main technical operation of digital technology, and this adaptation of a digital body examines the discourses of both the body and sexuality. Lin’s Eve Clone has created a perfect being in cyberspace through artistic aesthetics and new media technologies.
Zones of seeing: Artistic, touristic and digital images of the DMZ
Authors: Kennedy Beccy
Published: October 2016

The article examines visual elements of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) by considering its spatial and political uniqueness and its attraction for artists and tourists. The case study is contextualized in relation to a research project – ‘Imaging the DMZ’ – which included a visit to the ‘Real DMZ’ art project by Samuso Art Space (2012), which took place within the DMZ itself. The investigation into the ways that the DMZ has been imaged also includes observations of key artworks and conversations with contemporary artists from South Korea who visualize the DMZ, as well as analysis of online images of the area. The article argues that the DMZ’s ambiguous, yet politically divisive ontology is what makes it distinctive and appealing to the imagination of tourists, the media and artists, but that the latter may be best placed to highlight and challenge some of the more static, binary representations of the DMZ and of the two Koreas that circulate within the (post) digital world.
New additions from Brill journals
Authors: Walkden George
Published: October 2016

The Language Change collection has become substantially larger thanks to the partnership between Brill Publishing and ScienceOpen. All three of the journals presented - Indo-European Linguistics, Journal of Greek Linguistics and Language Dynamics and Change - contain juicy language-change-related papers, and I have added a generous selection of them to the collection. Browse to find out more!

The collection still has its biases, which I'd like to redress: there's a lot on computational phylogenetic work (from arXiv, from more "sciency" OA journals, and from Language Dynamics and Change), and a lot on early Indo-European (from Indo-European Linguistics and Journal of Greek Linguistics). There isn't much on languages outside Europe, and there isn't much in the way of variationist sociolinguistic studies of change in progress. There also isn't much from the grammaticalization and historical pragmatics literature.

These defects can only be remedied if people help out! We need more OA journals in these areas, and more people to get involved with ScienceOpen and other big players in the Open Access scene. You can read more about open access in linguistics at my blog, which tries to summarize and report news across the whole field - not just language change.

It'd also be great to see more reviews! A review by Lauren Collister of a paper in this collection won the Peer Review Week 2016 competition, which is good to see. In the era of post-publication peer review I'm not attempting to be very selective in what I include in this collection - in fact I haven't read the full text of most of the papers. Which papers are top and which are flop is for the readers to decide, and to communicate to each other!

Till next time,

 - G.
A Transparência na Gestão Pública: Ferramenta indispensável para participação social
Authors: Santos Lêda Maria De Souza , Silva Cláudia Maria Lourenço da
Published: October 2016

Entender como ocorre o processo de transparência na gestão dos municípios, e os desafios e perspectivas que os gestores municipais têm frente a uma realidade social bem como a importância da mesma para as politicas públicas são os principais objetivos deste trabalho. A gestão de territórios é um desafio muito grande frente às demandas impostas pela sociedade na prestação de serviços essenciais necessários aos cidadãos, onde os recursos devem ser gastos de forma transparente e eficiente seguindo a legalidade e os demais princípios constitucionais previstos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Neste estudo abordaremos a pesquisa qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico que por meio do método dedutivo será feita uma analise e um estudo detalhado sobre algumas concepções e desafios e conceitos sobre a transparência na gestão pública. A partir das concepções de alguns autores foi possível embasar a parte teórica deste artigo.