bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sarcomas of the Larynx: One Institution’s Experience and Treatment Protocol Analyses
Authors: Astl Jaromir , Holy Richard , Tuckova Inna , Belsan Tomas , Pala Miloslav , Rotnagl Jan
Published: February 2021

Soft tissue sarcomas in the head and neck are rare malignancies. They occur in this area in less than 1% of all malignant tumors. Some authors have described the development of sarcoma from the mesenchymal tissue in the larynx. The histological diagnosis of a sarcoma depends on the immunohistochemical investigation. In particularly difficult diagnoses, electron microscopy has to be used. The treatment recommendation depends on the histological type of sarcoma. We analysed and summarized data on the diagnostic criteria and therapy for sarcoma of the larynx presented in the literature. We present three new cases of laryngeal sarcoma and describe the analyses of the published diagnostic and treatment schedules of laryngeal sarcomas. We developed a treatment protocol recommendation for laryngeal sarcoma based on an analysis of literature data and case reports. This recommendation is based on histological type, staging, grading, size, and survival data.
2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole Small Donor Molecules: A DFT Study, Synthesis, and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Zając Dorota , Honisz Damian , Łapkowski Mieczysław , Sołoducho Jadwiga
Published: February 2021

We herein report the design and synthesis of small-donor molecules, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives (2a–d), by Stille or Suzuki reaction. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The compounds 2a–d absorb the light in a wide range (the UV-green/yellow light (2c)) and emit from green to red/near IR light (2c). Furthermore, these compounds show a narrow energy gap (1.75–2.38 eV), and high Ea values increasing for polymers, which prove their electron-donating nature and semiconductor properties. The measurements were enhanced by theoretical modeling.
Synthesis and Properties of Polyimide Silica Nanocomposite Film with High Transparent and Radiation Resistance
Authors: Huang Jindong , Zhang Guanglu , Dong Beiping , Liu Juncheng
Published: February 2021

In order to prepare flexible glass cover sheet materials suitable for space solar cells, fluorinated diamine 2,2’-bistrifluoromethyl benzidine (TFDB) and fluorinated dianhydride 4,4’ (hexafluoroisopropyl) diphthalic dianhydride (6FDA) as the monomer, polyimide (PI)/SiO2 composite film was synthesized by in situ polymerization, and the influence of coupling agent and SiO2 nanoparticle content on the film structure and properties was studied. The results show that PI synthesized from fluorine-containing monomers has better light transmittance, and the highest transmittance can reach 91.4%. The average visible light transmittance of the composite film decreases with the increase of SiO2 content, and the transmittance of the film decreases less in the high-wavelength region and greatly decreases in the low-wavelength region. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of PI/SiO2 composite film increase with the increase of SiO2 content, first increase and then decrease, reaching the maximum when the content is 10%; while the elongation at break of the composite film gradually increases with the increase of SiO2 content reduce. The thermal stability of PI/SiO2 composite film increases with the increase of SiO2 content. The doping of nano-SiO2 significantly suppresses the influence of irradiation on the mechanical properties of the film.
Vegetation Trends, Drought Severity and Land Use-Land Cover Change during the Growing Season in Semi-Arid Contexts
Authors: Akinyemi Felicia O.
Published: February 2021

Drought severity and impact assessments are necessary to effectively monitor droughts in semi-arid contexts. However, little is known about the influence land use-land cover (LULC) has—in terms of the differences in annual sizes and configurations—on drought effects. Coupling remote sensing and Geographic Information System techniques, drought evolution was assessed and mapped. During the growing season, drought severity and the effects on LULC were examined and whether these differed between areas of land change and persistence. This study used areas of economic importance to Botswana as case studies. Vegetation Condition Index, derived from Normalised Difference Vegetation Index time series for the growing seasons (2000–2018 in comparison to 2020–2021), was used to assess droughts for 17 constituencies (Botswana’s fourth administrative level) in the Central District of Botswana. Further analyses by LULC types and land change highlighted the vulnerability of both human and natural systems to drought. Identified drought periods in the time series correspond to declared drought years by the Botswana government. Drought severity (extreme, severe, moderate and mild) and the percentage of land areas affected varied in both space and time. The growing seasons of 2002–2003, 2003–2004 and 2015–2016 were the most drought-stricken in the entire time series, coinciding with the El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO). The lower-than-normal vegetation productivity during these growing seasons was evident from the analysis. With the above-normal vegetation productivity in the ongoing season (2020–2021), the results suggest the reversal of the negative vegetation trends observed in the preceding growing seasons. However, the extent of this reversal cannot be confidently ascertained with the season still ongoing. Relating drought severity and intensities to LULC and change in selected drought years revealed that most lands affected by extreme and severe drought (in descending order) were in tree-covered areas (forests and woodlands), grassland/rangelands and croplands. These LULC types were the most affected as extreme drought intersected vegetation productivity decline. The most impacted constituencies according to drought severity and the number of drought events were Mahalapye west (eight), Mahalapye east (seven) and Boteti west (seven). Other constituencies experienced between six and two drought events of varying durations throughout the time series. Since not all constituencies were affected similarly during declared droughts, studies such as this contribute to devising appropriate context-specific responses aimed at minimising drought impacts on social-ecological systems. The methodology utilised can apply to other drylands where climatic and socioeconomic contexts are similar to those of Botswana.
RF Transceiver for the Multi-Mode Radar Applications
Authors: Ha Jae Kwon , Noh Chang Kyun , Lee Jin Seop , Kang Ho Jin , Kim Yu Min , Kim Tae Hyun , Jung Ha Neul , Lee Sang Hwan , Cho Choon Sik , Kim Young Jin
Published: February 2021

In this work, a multi-mode radar transceiver supporting pulse, FMCW and CW modes was designed as an integrated circuit. The radars mainly detect the targets move by using the Doppler frequency which is significantly affected by flicker noise of the receiver from several Hz to several kHz. Due to this flicker noise, the long-range detection performance of the radars is greatly reduced, and the accuracy of range to the target and velocity is also deteriorated. Therefore, we propose a transmitter that suppresses LO leakage in consideration of long-range detection, target distance, velocity, and noise figure. We also propose a receiver structure that suppresses DC offset due to image signal and LO leakage. The design was conducted with TSMC 65 nm CMOS process, and the designed and fabricated circuit consumes a current of 265 mA at 1.2 V supply voltage. The proposed transmitter confirms the LO leakage suppression of 37 dB at 24 GHz. The proposed receiver improves the noise figure by about 20 dB at 100 Hz by applying a double conversion architecture and an image rejection, and it illustrates a DC rejection of 30 dB. Afterwards, the operation of the pulse, FMCW, and CW modes of the designed radar in integrated circuit was confirmed through experiment using a test PCB.
Enzymatic Activity and Its Relationship with Organic Matter Characterization and Ecotoxicity to Aliivibrio fischeri of Soil Samples Exposed to Tetrabutylphosphonium Bromide
Authors: Telesiński Arkadiusz , Pawłowska Barbara , Biczak Robert , Śnieg Marek , Wróbel Jacek , Dunikowska Dorota , Meller Edward
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to determine the impact of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide [TBP][Br] on the soil environment through an experiment on loamy sand samples. The tested salt was added to soil samples at doses of 0 (control), 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM). During the experiment, the activity of selected enzymes involved in carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycles, characteristics of organic matter with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and toxicity of soil samples in relation to Aliivibrio fischeri were determined at weekly intervals. The results showed that low doses of [TBP][Br] (1 and 10 mg kg−1 DM) did not have much influence on the analyzed parameters. However, the addition of higher doses of the salt into the soil samples (100 and 1000 mg kg−1 DM) resulted in a decrease in the activity of enzymes participating in the carbon and phosphorus cycle and affected the activation of those enzymes involved in the nitrogen cycle. This may be due to changes in aerobic conditions and in the qualitative and quantitative composition of soil microorganisms. It was also observed that the hydrophobicity of soil organic matter was increased. Moreover, the findings suggested that the soil samples containing the highest dose of [TBP][Br] (1000 mg kg−1 DM) can be characterized as acute environmental hazard based on their toxicity to Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria. The increased hydrophobicity and ecotoxicity of the soil samples exposed to the tested salt were also positively correlated with the activity of dehydrogenases, proteases, and nitrate reductase. Observed changes may indicate a disturbance of the soil ecochemical state caused by the presence of [TBP][Br].
A Vibrissa-Inspired Highly Flexible Tactile Sensor: Scanning 3D Object Surfaces Providing Tactile Images
Authors: Merker Lukas , Steigenberger Joachim , Marangoni Rafael , Behn Carsten
Published: February 2021

Just as the sense of touch complements vision in various species, several robots could benefit from advanced tactile sensors, in particular when operating under poor visibility. A prominent tactile sense organ, frequently serving as a natural paragon for developing tactile sensors, is the vibrissae of, e.g., rats. Within this study, we present a vibrissa-inspired sensor concept for 3D object scanning and reconstruction to be exemplarily used in mobile robots. The setup consists of a highly flexible rod attached to a 3D force-torque transducer (measuring device). The scanning process is realized by translationally shifting the base of the rod relative to the object. Consequently, the rod sweeps over the object’s surface, undergoing large bending deflections. Then, the support reactions at the base of the rod are evaluated for contact localization. Presenting a method of theoretically generating these support reactions, we provide an important basis for future parameter studies. During scanning, lateral slip of the rod is not actively prevented, in contrast to literature. In this way, we demonstrate the suitability of the sensor for passively dragging it on a mobile robot. Experimental scanning sweeps using an artificial vibrissa (steel wire) of length 50 mm and a glass sphere as a test object with a diameter of 60 mm verify the theoretical results and serve as a proof of concept.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CAR SERVICE MODEL AT THE GAS STATION OF LIPETSK IN ANYLOGIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Lipetsk State Technical University, GRINCHENKO A.V. , KOROSTELEV A.A. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of the survey of the territory of Lipetsk with regard to the ex-pediency of placing a new gas station .The optimal location of the station is justified. The AnyLogic software was chosen as a tool, the key stages of discrete event development of the cus-tomer service system model at the new gas station and the results of modeling are presented. The developed model of the gas station operation provides the manager with information about the demand for different types of fuel, the intensity of the flow of vehicles serviced at the gas stations and others.
USE OF SATELLITE TRANSPORT MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR THE QUALITY OF BUS MANAGEMENT ON THE LINE
Authors:   Moscow State Polytechnic University, SARBAEV V.I. , GUSEV A.G. ,   Moscow State Polytechnic University, CHUSOVA A.S. ,   Moscow State Polytechnic University, YUZHAKOV V.V. ,   Moscow State Polytechnic University
Published: February 2021

The possibilities of using satellite transport monitoring systems for the quality of bus man-agement on the line, in order to prevent conflict and emergency situations, are considered. Statis-tical data on accidents on the line of a small bus company and the possibility of using the results of GPS monitoring to work with drivers to ensure road safety are provided. The results of using the «ERA-GLONASS» system in a small bus company are presented.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA PROGRAM TOUR DI PT. JASA BELITUNG UTAMA
Authors: Situmorang Alter , Andriana Iyan
Published: February 2021

Jasa Belitung Utama Tours dan Travel merupakan usaha dibidang pariwisata yang didirikan dengan izin tour dan travel international dengan focus bisnis menyediakan jasa perjalanan wisata international, dalam pelayanannya perlu di analisis kembali untuk mengetahui apa saja yang mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan dengan menggunakan dimensi pokok yang terdiri dari reliability, responsiveness, assurance, emphaty serta tangibles. lima atribut tersebut memerlukan perbaikan.

Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode integrasi Service Quality (SERVQUAL) untuk mengetahui kepuasan pelanggan terhadap pelayanan bengkel dengan membandingan kesenjangan antara kepentingan dan kepuasan pelanggan terhadap pelayanan bengkel, kemudian mengkategorikan atribut-atribut pelayanan yang menjadi prioritas perbaikan dengan metode Importance performance Analysis (IPA).

Total 72 responden konsumen PT. Jasa Belitung Utama. Hasil penelitian Service Quality menunjukan bahwa pelayanan yang diberikan belum memenuhi kepuasan pelanggan dilihat dari nilai GAP yang hampir semua bernilai negatif. Untuk mengetahui atribut pelayanan yang perlu diperbaiki maka digunakan analisis gabungan Importance performance Analysis dan Servqual GAP 5 maka prioritas perbaikan harus dilakukan pada kuadran 1 dengan melakukan (Focus improvement effort here) perbaikan.
PENGUKURAN KINERJA DENGAN METODE PERFORMANCE PRISM
Authors: Novita Ervina , Marxoni Edward , Welly Welly
Published: February 2021

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran kinerja dengan menggunakan Metode Performance Prism. Pemilihan metode Performance Prism ini dipilih karena metode ini dapat menampilkan berbagai sisi yang mendukung kemajuan perusahaan. Pengukuran ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan strategi bisnis dan melakukan perbaikan pada stakeholder yang ada. Adapun stakeholder pada penelitian ini adalah stakeholder konsumen, supplier dan tenaga kerja. Setelah mengetahui stakeholder yang terlibat, tentukan KPI yang menjadi indikator performansi untuk setiap stakeholder. Lakukan pembobotan dengan metode AHP yang dibantu dengan software expert choice.  Prioritaskan KPI yang memiliki bobot tertinggi dan gunakan scoring dengan metode OMAX dan Traffic Light System. KPI yang masuk dalam zona merah adalah KPI yang perlu untuk dilakukan perbaikan dengan segera. KPI yang masuk dalam zona kuning dinilai dalam kategori cukup dan KPI yang masuk dalam zona hijau adalah KPI yang telah tergolong baik.
Optimalisasi WAKTU KERJA DAN JARINGAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN MAKANAN RINGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL ASSIGNMENT DAN HUNGARIAN
Authors: Sari Gina Aulia , Herwanto Dene , Nugraha Billy
Published: February 2021

The problems that occur in the home food industry is competition and raw material prices are not stable. The purpose of this study is to determine the assignment of the employee with his job and distribution to any point of destination by the shortest distance. The research Model used is the assignment, networking and using the help of software programs operations management – quantitative methods (POM-QM) for windows. In addition, the data collection technique done in several ways, namely interview, observation and recording schedule. The results of this research to obtain optimal results for the five employees based on a suitable job. Each employee are employee 1 with the type of occupation fry and takes 400 minutes. Employee 2 with the type of work to mix the marinade and takes 15 minutes. Employee 3 with this type of work gives the herbs and takes 30 minutes. Employee 4 with the type of work wrap up and takes 400 minutes. While the employee 5 with the type of work pack and takes 300 minutes. In addition the distribution to the point of destination with the shortest path produces the distance 148,9 km.
Ingênua e frouxa substância humana
Authors: Reis Alecrim Thales
Published: February 2021

No presente trabalho visamos analisar o programa da peça A Moreninha, baseada no romance de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo (1844) e encenada em 1969. Por meio do programa podemos compreender como A Moreninha foi lida nos anos 1960 e 70. Para completar esse quadro, visitaremos uma crítica teatral de João Apolinário, pois este apresenta uma leitura diferente do romance. O programa da peça e a crítica teatral convergem ao apontar que o romance representa a “psicologia nacional”, entretanto discordam quanto à pertinência dos personagens como fieis representantes dos “tipos sociais brasileiros”. Em nossa hipótese, ambas as produções expressam tensões culturais que atravessavam o contexto cognitivo do período, denotando diferentes posturas em relação à arte. Dessa maneira, enquanto a peça estava afinada com a afirmação da nacionalidade, a crítica se pautava no imaginário de esquerda.
A Rússia Soviética sob o olhar da literatura
Authors: Pires da Silva Wagner
Published: February 2021

Após vencerem a Guerra Civil, os bolcheviques deram início à construção de uma sociedade completamente nova. Desafios imensos diante de uma sociedade que era das mais atrasada da Europa, com a infraestrutura de ferrovias, estradas e fábricas destruídas pelos anos de conflito. A Rússia comunista isolada só podia contar com seus próprias recursos para esta tarefa. Este artigo apresenta, por meio do diálogo com a literatura, alguns aspectos dessa construção, buscando apreender, por meio da análise de obras da primeira década após a Revolução, as transformações operadas pela revolução. Assim aborda como fontes os romances, Viagem Sentimental de Chklóvski, Inveja de Oliécha, O Ano Nu de Pilniak e Diário de Kóstia Riábtsev, escrito por Ognióv.
Ronald Reagan, Violência e Neoliberalismo em “Batman, o Cavaleiro das Trevas” (1986)
Authors: Barbosa de Carvalho Millena
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre as representações do presidente Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) na história em quadrinhos “Batman, o Cavaleiro das Trevas” (1986), roteirizada por Frank Miller. Discutiremos sobre as possíveis relações entre a história em quadrinhos e o seu contexto de produção, a década de 1980 nos Estados Unidos, e como são articuladas as representações do governo de Ronald Reagan na narrativa gráfica.
O Uivo ecoa em Portugal
Authors: Conte Neto Carlos
Published: February 2021

A princípio, faz-se um relato da recepção de Uivo e de outros textos beats na sociedade norte-americana dos anos 50 e 60. A fúria conservadora não conseguiu diminuir a força desse movimento, que extrapolou o âmbito propriamente literário e invadiu os âmbitos sociais e políticos. Em seguida, apontam-se indícios de como essa literatura reverberou em Portugal durante a ditadura do Estado Novo, onde também provocou reações adversas, mas inspirou poetas. O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar aproximações entre a poesia ginsberguiana e os textos de alguns poetas portugueses da segunda metade do século XX. Dentre esses pontos de contato, destacam-se tópicos caros à poesia beat, como o ataque político, o desregramento dos sentidos, a liberdade sexual, a marginalidade e o pacifismo.
Uma encomenda e inúmeros desdobramentos
Authors: Da Costa de Oliveira Luciana
Published: February 2021

Pedro Weingärtner (1853-1929) foi um dos mais destacados artistas sul-rio-grandenses do início do século XX. Formado por importantes instituições de arte da Europa, o pintor dedicou suas tintas e pinceis a diversificadas temáticas, dentre as quais se destacam os espaços da imigração no Rio Grande do Sul e as atividades dos gaúchos. Assim, é debruçando-se sobre este último que se intenta problematizar as questões que estiveram no entorno da elaboração da pintura Rodeio, finalizada no ano de 1909 e realizada a partir de uma encomenda do governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os fios que historiam não só a encomenda da pintura, mas, sobretudo, sua realização e posterior rejeição, quando tecidos conjuntamente, oportunizam a percepção de múltiplos desdobramentos que vão desde o conhecimento do panorama artístico de Porto Alegre no início do século XX até o estatuto da arte e suas funções em uma sociedade que ainda a percebia de maneira incipiente.
Deus e o Diabo em Bacurau
Authors: Cesar de Lima Veras Carlos
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise acerca dos usos da história em duas produções cinematográficas brasileiras: Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol, filme de 1964 dirigido por Glauber Rocha, e Bacurau, filme de 2019 dirigido por Kleber Mendonça Filho e Juliano Dornelles. Se no primeiro filme a percepção histórica é valorizada como recurso para uma eventual transformação do presente, no segundo a importância da história urge como recurso de defesa. Em ambos os casos, o passado exerce papel crucial nas narrativas e o conceito de experiência em Walter Benjamin nos auxilia para compreendermos tal dinâmica. Portanto, serão analisadas as dimensões nas quais elementos históricos são apresentados nos filmes, compreendendo sua funcionalidade como instrumento de luta/resistência nas representações de sertão e crises dos seus contextos de produção.
La dérivation causative dans les langues bantu du groupe A 70
Authors: Nzang Bie Yolande
Published: February 2021

The article describes the causative morphemes in four Bantu languages of group A 70 : Eton, Ewondo, Ntumu and Atsi. Synchronically, these languages have two causative morphemes : one short, consisting of a central vowel : / a / or / g /, and the other long, consisting of a central vowel and a lateral consonant : -VI- or -IV. Different diachronic hypotheses are presented to explain these forms. The most convincing explanation is the one that links these causative morphemes to morphemes reconstructed for Proto-Bantu. The short form would then be a reflex of the short causative morpheme *-i-, whereas the long form would be a reflex of the applicative suffix *-id-. Although these correspondences might appear to be rather exceptional on a phonological level, they are confirmed by similar evolutions in other morphemes. Finally, the existence of a semantic link between the applicative and the causative is not uncommon from a universal point of view.
Un cas de changement phonologique par réanalyse morphonologique en éton
Authors: Vandevelde Mark L.O.
Published: February 2021

In the Cameroonian Bantu language Eton the stem of the possessive adjective 'my' ends in /ɔ/ in the forms of class 1 and 3 (-amɔ-) and in /a/ elsewhere (-ama). It will be shown that the original /a/ of the class 1/ 3 forms changed to /ɔ/ due to a mechanism of analogical reanalysis on the morphonological level.
Analyse, Enhance and Reiterate Risk management strategies, implemented in Information Technology Project Management, amidst COVID-19
Authors: Nair Remya , Meenakumari J
Published: February 2021

The global perspective of human life drastically changed after the spread of COVID-19. The world reduced itself, to a digital cocoon. Education, work, commerce, shopping, industry, sales - all walks of life, transformed mostly into a digital mode. The IT (Information Technology) and ITES (IT Enabled services) saw a tremendous transformation in the operational aspects. ‘WFH (Work from Home)’ enabled the resources to work from their preferred locations. These factors increased the risk of data management and data security. The security of the network and the personal devices used to handle the sensitive and confidential data aggregated the risk factors in project management. The significant challenges faced by the IT sector project management were (1)Global Travel restrictions (2) Forecast of Global Recession in near future and resultant minimization of budget allocated to new projects (3)Negative growth Impact from multiple domains, resulting in reduction of new projects and reducing the scope for existing ones (4)Initial adaptation glitches due to the quantum leap in the digital channels (5)Manage constant fluctuating attitudes and anxieties of employees on personal aspects, job security, drastic change in work environment(6) Unprecedented and unpredictable exorbitant influence of macro environment in the routine enterprise activities. The chances of non-availability of critical resource due to health issues, the network issues faced in the remote locations, the unpredictable exposure of data - all these were contributing elements that increased the risk management complexity. In future, many IT companies have decided to operate mainly in the WFH mode as the operational expenses are drastically reduced. The implementation of efficient and effective risk management strategies become crucial considering the long-term implementation of ‘not from office’ operating model. The trust of the multinational clients, commitment of meeting the deadlines, maintaining the confidentiality and sensitivity of data, protecting the unintended intrusion from the digital malicious practices - all are the additional significant risks and challenges, as the probability for the occurrence of these events have increased exponentially due to the latest work arrangements. This paper attempts to evaluate the current risk mitigation strategies and analyse the gaps in the current system. The aim is to effectively manage the upcoming threats and risks in the long-term implementation of the current working (WFH) scenarios. The overall objective of the paper is to (1) analyse the present-day risks (2) evaluate the contemporary ideas that could be modified into solid framework for better risk mitigation strategies in long-term (3) what to anticipate in the future risk analysis and management processes related to IT Project Management.
Analysis of Reasons for Layoffs by Technology Startups during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chebolu Sekhar
Published: February 2021

Several technology startups, both in US and India announced layoffs during the Covid-19 pandemic. Many of them gave the reason to be the pandemic which caused almost total shutdown of the business. This contrasted with many other companies like airlines which took the route of salary cuts and leave without pay rather than layoffs. However, the researcher’s study of these technology startups,indicates that the layoffs were more to do with shedding non-core businesses, eliminating management layers and terminating non-performers. Many of these startups had a large runway of capital and could have retained employees if they chose to. Severalof them resorted to layoffs after a fundraising round. Hence the pandemic was an excuse to realign their businesses, which would havehappened in normal course. However due to the pandemic situation and focus on companies to retain jobs, the severance policies announced were more generous than the ones announced earlier. This could set up a new precedent of more generous severance policies during layoffs. The employees can take away that they are always at risk if they do not belong to the core business or area of competency in a company. The mid-level and senior level managers must be cognizant that the value they bring in will always be evaluated against their compensation. They must ensure that their value is recognized. The researcher has analyzed startups that have enough capital to sustain.
Private Equity and Venture Capital – Preamble
Authors: Khatri Palash , Sudindra V R
Published: February 2021

Private equity investment can offer very strong returns in comparison to any stock market returns or public market investment opportunity.Private equity invests in companies which are not listed in the recognized stock exchange. Every business comes across six stages of the life cycle which include; Development, Start-up, early-stage growth, expansion, maturity, and decline/crisis stage. PE firms invest in the initial three stages. In today’s fast-moving world with technological changes very great business plan may hit by various events and successes of companies. Private equity not only invests in companies, but they also provide management support and assist in the overall success of companies. The present study discussed on Birth of US Private equity, Indian Private Equity major players, steps in venture capital funding.
El Instituto Nacional (del Caballito), 1890-1898
Authors: Toranzo Verónica Andrea
Published: February 2021

El Instituto Nacional (del Caballito), nacido en este barrio de Buenos Aires, fue el resultado de una innovadora experiencia educativa realizada en nuestro país por el gran educador Pablo A. Pizzurno. Rodeándose de otros importantes pedagogos –entre ellos Enrique Romero Brest–, formó un Instituto Modelo en su género: un espacio que quiso nacer como público, pero que finalmente fue privado. En él se gestaron grandes proyectos, se iniciaron grandes reformas. Un espacio del pasado, que abrió un gran horizonte al futuro. Fue un laboratorio educativo, en donde se pusieron en práctica aquellas ideas de avanzada.
El tejido vivo de las relaciones humanas en el espacio de la escuela infantil
Authors: Eslava Cabanellas Clara , Fernández Angosto Ana
Published: February 2021

Comprender la escuela infantil como una comunidad, un tejido vivo, permite abordar su arquitectura desde una perspectiva más humana, comprendiendo la repercusión de la organización espacial en la organización de los equipos. Este escenario se estudia desde la teoría ecológica, contemplando la mutua conformación entre los espacios educativos y las relaciones humanas que se producen en ellos, presentando sus contradicciones y buscando diversas alternativas coherentes. La interacción entre el soporte físico y los acontecimientos que se desarrollan en él se desvela como una de las claves para abordar el problema del profundo aislamiento del docente en el aula. Se abordan paralelamente dos líneas de trabajo en el contexto de las escuelas infantiles municipales de Madrid, durante la pasada legislatura del consistorio: en el campo pedagógico, mediante entrevistas de tipo biográfico-narrativo a equipos docentes de escuelas existentes y en el arquitectónico, la reflexión sobre el proceso de diseño de nuevas escuelas, entre las cuales se mostrará uno de los casos.Se concluye la necesidad de abordar dicho escenario buscando un horizonte de liderazgo compartido desde una concepción integral y democrática de la escuela, su pedagogía y su arquitectura.
Proyectar la interdisciplina
Authors: Trlin Margarita , Cattaneo Daniela , Serra María Silvia
Published: February 2021

En esta conversación se convoca a la arquitecta Margarita Trlin por su condición de referente en Argentina a la hora de pensar –y articular– abordajes posibles en torno a la gestión, diseño e intervención en espacios educativos. Interesa su mirada desde el presente y también el conocer cómo ha ido tramando, a lo largo de más de tres décadas de trabajo sostenido en torno a la arquitectura escolar, un posicionamiento que tiene al abordaje interdisciplinario como una constante, persiguiendo integrar, cada vez, otros saberes, otras miradas, otras lógicas y otros actores. La invitación a esta conversación, también desde un abordaje interdisciplinar, tuvo el objeto de procurar desentrañar las lógicas subyacentes de este recorrido, desde las a priori casuales hasta las más mentadas.
Editorial
Authors: Romero-Fernández Dr. Ariel
Published: February 2021

Editorial
Urban Design Directions for Austrailia
Authors:   Curtin University, Hegvold L.W.
Published: February 2021

Australia is an island continent with an essentially linear distribution of population. Approximately 90% of its people are located in 12 main urban centres spread along 30,000 km of coastline. In a recently published book entitles “The Coast Dwellers” by Australian architect and writer Philip Drew (1994), Drew sees Australians as quintessential “verandah people” sitting on the edge of our continent. He feels that those who see Australians in the “Crocodile Dundee” image are missing the point; that nearly all ofus live on the edge communing with the lifegiving sea rather than with the dead heart of the country. He puts forward evidence that seven out of ten Australians live in the narrow corridor of land on the eastern coast between the mountain range and the ocean, one in fifteen Australians lives within fifteen minutes drive of the beach, and most of the rest of the population live within one hour’s drive of the water.
Characteristics of the Urban Streets and the Implications for the Structure of Cities
Authors:   De Montfort University, Brierley Edwin S.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the case that orthodox planning of urban areas in which an emphasis is placed upon the district plan implicitly misunderstands the characteristics of the urban street and the implications that such streets have for the structure of cities. Experiences of the city are often centred upon the street as a facet not only of the urban structure but also of the movement between districts and the variety of experiences that this facilitates. The paper, however, concludes that whereas the significance of urban streets is well established, in Britain they tend to be the legacy of previous centuries.
The Digital Bauhaus
Authors:   Woodbury University, Smulevich Gerard
Published: February 2021

This paper describes the use of electronic space in a fourth year undergraduate architectural design studio. It attempts to address the importance of developing a design process that is redefined by the use of computing, integrating concept and perception. This goal is set in the studio exercise, an international student design competition to design an addition to the school of architecture at the original Bauhaus/Weimar. The studio involved re-evaluating the Bauhaus principles of integrating the artist and the craftsman, but in contemporary or post-industrial terms. In 1989 the Wall came down. Seamless access of western telecommunications and media became greatly responsible for the crumbling of the rigid machine-age soviet technocracy; and with it, the former east German city of Weimar, home to the first Bauhaus, was once again a living part of architectural history. When the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture announced an international student competition to design a new addition to the school of architecture at the original Bauhaus/Weimar, we immediately decided that this should be an Electronic Bauhaus.
The City as a Cyborg: Influence of Digital Technologies on Architecture and on Cities
Authors:   Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Kobler Tristan
Published: February 2021

Metropolitan regions with emerging vast agglomerations constitute a seemingly insurmountable challenge to urban design and regional planning. We diagnose decentralization, suburbanization, and urban sprawl. New methods need to be developed. Digital information technologies are challenging established understandings of the city. New, fictitious realities as immaterial, dynamic communication systems supply and compete with the "direct" reality of built architecture. We are aiming at the connected, intelligent house, a machine or a cyborg in a global network. In this new mobility the interactive house could become the cover of worlds without places - to the place of all places. Cities will become to be centerless huge megacities, along with a loss of their old center functions. New virtual - not really functional justified - centers will be established.
Virtuality, Architecture, and the Question of Control
Authors:   Columbia University, Betancourth Carlos H.
Published: February 2021

I would discuss Electronic Environments in relation to the theme of the Conference, namely, "Defining The Urban Condition: Accelerating Change in The Geography of Power". In so doing, I will refer this discussion to design and architecture. In order to do this, I will look at the implications of Virtuality and Virtual Spaces for organizations in which Information, is the main raw-material of work. Since design maybe one of these organizations, I hope this will be of relevance to design organizations. I will read the implications of virtuality for such organizations by looking at the structure of virtual space. Next, I will deal with the implications of virtuality for both, the concept of space and architecture. I will then derive the main limitations of virtuality from its effects on space. I will also try to see how these consequences of virtuality on space and architecture may cause us to re-think what we mean by an Organization. I will then suggest ways by means of which "electronic environments" can help us to overcome the limitations of virtuality. I will end with some comments on some of the main limitations of this electronic environments.
An "Other" Space: Representation as a Context for the Examination of Gender and Ethnicity in Undergraduate Architectural Education
Authors:   Oxford Brookes University, Boddington Anne
Published: February 2021

This paper intends to examine the gender bias and covert exclusivity of early Architectural Education, as inherent in the language of representation used for its communication.
FEATURES OF ENZYMATIC DEHYDROGENATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Novoselova E.I. , Volkova O.O. ,   Bashkir State University, Khaziev P.K. ,   Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Turanova R.R. ,   Bashkir State University
Published: February 2021

The influence of heavy metals of hazard classes I (Pb, Cd, Zn) and II (Cu) on the dehydrogenase activity of soils, which plays an important role in the transformation of organic matter in them, was studied. An annual model experiment was carried out on three types of medium-loamy soils (gray forest, typical chernozem, urbanozem) with the introduction of different doses of lead and cadmium in the form of acetic acid salts, zinc and copper in the form of sulfates. A decrease in the intensity of dehydrogenation of organic substances with an increase in the dose of the studied metals on 3, 90, 180 and 360 days from the beginning of the experiment was revealed. This was confirmed by reliable correlation coefficients, which were in the range (-0.63) – (-0.99) at p ≤ 0.05. This pattern was already evident at minimal doses of pollutants. An increase in the content of toxicants increased the inhibitory effect. Lead in different doses reduced the intensity of the processes of dehydrogenation of organic substances by 28-46%, cadmium by 4-42%, zinc by 2-35%, copper by 3-45%. During the experiment, the type of soil with greater resistance of dehydrogenases to pollutants was not identified. In annual dynamics, the intensity of dehydrogenase reactions decreased in gray forest soil by 4-40% and typical chernozem by 4-32% and in urbanozem by 3-45%. The processes of transformation of organic compounds in soils are dynamic in time and proceeded differently depending on their type and metal. The established regularities in the change of dehydrogenase activity allow us to recommend it as a criterion for assessing the negative impact of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper on the dehydrogenation of organic substances in soils due to enzyme systems.
EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF MICROFERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATION OF A NEW GENERATION ON CROPS OF MEADOW CLOVER
Authors:   Laboratories of Technologies for the Cultivation of Forage Crops on Slope Lands, North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture - branch of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhailovskoe, Dzugaeva L.A.
Published: February 2021

Feed production has been and remains one of the most important and complex problems in agriculture. The production of forage far exceeds the gross production of all other crop products. At the same time, being the most important branch of agriculture, they do not meet the needs of animal husbandry. The development of animal husbandry has recently been characterized by major organizational and technical changes. The process of specialization and concentration of its individual industries is under way at an accelerated pace. A network of large complexes for the production of livestock products on an industrial basis is being created, and farms are being comprehensively mechanized. All this led to an increase in the production of all livestock products. The successful development of animal husbandry depends, first of all, on the state of the fodder base. In recent years, fodder production has developed into one of the most important branches of agriculture. Analysis of the current state of feed production in North Ossetia shows that the supply of livestock with feed is 1.5 times lower than in some regions of the Russian Federation and has a tendency to further decline. This is due to the fact that feed production is aimed at volumetric rather than quality indicators. Therefore, all vegetable feeds of our own production are characterized by a low concentration of protein in dry matter (8.3-9.2%) and metabolizable energy (8.2-8.5 MJ). Clover is one of the leading forage crops. Its role as a cheap source of protein for animals and as an excellent precursor in crop rotation is well known. Agrotechnical significance is also great: thanks to the nodule bacteria settling on the roots of clover, it is able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. Clover roots penetrate deep into the ground, loosen the soil layer, extracting nutrients that are difficult for other plants to reach, enrich the soil with organic matter, improve its structure, physical properties, fix the arable layer and protect it from water and wind erosion. Get ting high and stable yields is possible with uninterrupted, harmonious, balanced supply of plants with basic nutrients in accordance with their needs throughout the growing season. The size of the yield is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of the culture under study, cultivation conditions, agricultural techniques and their combinations. It is advisable to focus on modern biological products and complex bioorganic fertilizers, because their composition is as close to optimal values as possible.
ECOLOGICAL METHOD OF TABLE BEETS CULTIVATION IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF RSO – ALANIA
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of RAS, Shalygina A.A.
Published: February 2021

In the context of the limited use of technogenic resources to regulate agricultural crops productivity of and soil fertility, the cultivation of varieties and hybrids that are resistant to abiotic and biotic stressors acquires a special role. In this regard, the organization of adaptive vegetable growing is of importance, for it provides for the creating highly productive agrocenoses that most fully realize the bioclimatic resources of the region, as well as for the use of resource-saving technologies. Our research is aimed at optimizing biologized soil-protective crop rotations in the mountainous zone in order to achieve an increase in crop productivity and preserve soil fertility. The studies were carried out in the mountainous zone of North Ossetia – Alania on mountain meadow soils. The influence of the biological product and micronutrient fertilization on the biological parameters of soil fertility in beet crops showed that the maximum loss of flax tissue was observed when seeds were inoculated with a 2% solution of "Extrasol" (29.6%). The enzymatic activity of the soil was higher in the variants with the use of a biological product and microfertilizer: the activity of catalase – by 0.2–0.5 ml of О2 per 100 g of soil, phosphatase – by 0.1–0.3 ml of Р2 О5 per 100 g of soil. The yield increase from the introduction of "Extrasol" and "Kristalon" on the crops of table beet is 0.8–1.6 t/ha. The profitability from the use of the Extrasol biological product and the Kristalon micronutrient fertilizer was 75.1–120.8%. Thus, for the efficiency of farming in mountainous land-poor areas, one should take a differentiated approach to the choice of crops and territories in which they are grown. The implementation of this approach fully meets the conditions for land use in mountainous areas and household plots.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTIVELY VALUABLE TRAITS OF HEXAPLOID TRITICALE VARIOUS MORPHOTYPES
Authors:   Dagestan Experimental Station of FRC N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Gadzhimagomedova M.K.
Published: February 2021

The article studies triticale samples from the VIR world collection by morphological characteristics and identifies among them those combining economically valuable characteristics. When selecting the material, we adhered to the principle of sampling from a wide variety of the most typical representatives. All studied forms have 42 chromosomes in the genome. According to their lifestyle, they are subdivided into winter crops (29 samples) and spring crops (27 samples). According to the presence of a complete or partial set of rye chromosomes in the genome, triticale are grouped into typical (RR) – 43 in total and substituted "R" by "D" (R/D) – 13. Information on the origin of the studied samples is given in Table 1. The most significant material represented by triticale samples obtained at the VIR Dagestan experimental station and from Mexico. Almost all triticale from Russia and European countries are winter crops; those from Mexican and other American countries are spring crops. The study of hexaploid triticale selectively valuable traits showed that R/D substituted forms have better indicators compared to the triticale with a complete rye genome (RR) in the following traits: 1000 grain weight, grain fullness, grain size and lodging resistance. For the rest of the studied traits (stem weight with spike, spike weight, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, and resistance to fungal diseases), the RR of triticale exceeds the R/D substituted forms. However, it should be noted that by such traits as the weight of the ear and the weight of the grain from one ear, their percentage to the weight of the whole plant is higher in R/D triticale.