bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body Decision on Indonesia and European Union Export Ban Dispute : A Case Study of Nickel Raw Material Export Restrictions
Authors: Noviantika Tria
Published: February 2025

Indonesia’s Nickel Export Ban Policy to several countries has implications for the European Union's lawsuit to the WTO. This research answers two problem formulations: the first is the background of Indonesia's establishment of a ban and limitation of nickel raw materials through Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 17 of 2020 concerning the mineral and coal mining business; the second is the impact of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body's decision for banning Nickel Raw Materials on international trade, such as the potential opportunities, and the possible impact for Indonesia after the implementation of Indonesia’s nickel export ban policy. This research is based on a qualitative method to describe the problems behind the Ban Restrictions Expenses Nickel raw materials and analyze the impact of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body's decision. The result is that the ban policy was taken as a form of Indonesia’s sovereignty to complete control over its resources based on Article 33 (3) of the Constitution. The impact of the WTO ruling can affect Indonesia's reputation as a developer of processing factories and nickel purification (smelters) and also interrupt domestic batteries' ecosystem prospects. It needs some further research to analyze the impact of alternative solutions and the examination process's development through the WTO appeal ban
Peran Sektor Ekonomi dalam Pembangunan Daerah di Kota Bitung, Kabupaten Minahasa dan Kota Manado (BIMINDO) Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Amanda Nanda Tria Nur , Anggraini Rahayu , Nivari Putri Asri , Wati Dewi Rohma
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sektor unggulan terhadap pembangunan daerah di Kawasan BIMINDO, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif menggunakan metode Location Quotient (LQ) dan Shift-share, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi potensi dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh sektor-sektor ekonomi di wilayah tersebut. Data sekunder yang digunakan mencakup informasi mengenai Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dari tahun 2019 hingga 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor industri pengolahan, transportasi, dan pergudangan di Kota Bitung; sektor pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan di Kabupaten Minahasa; serta sektor perdagangan besar dan eceran, serta jasa keuangan di Kota Manado memiliki peran signifikan dalam meningkatkan PDRB, yang menjadi indikator penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perhatian khusus dari Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan untuk mendorong peningkatan produktivitas sektor-sektor unggulan, sehingga dapat berkontribusi lebih besar terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Kawasan BIMINDO. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam perumusan kebijakan dan perencanaan pembangunan yang lebih efektif.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE ACTIVITIES OF POULTRY ENTERPRISES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   Kazan Cooperative Institute (branch) The Russian University of Cooperation, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation, Musagitov Damir I. , Nurmukhametov Ildar S. ,   Kazan Cooperative Institute (branch) The Russian University of Cooperation, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

The article considers the need to take into account the influence of external factors when planning the activities of domestic poultry organizations. The study identified key groups of external factors that affect the activities of poultry enterprises. These include economic, political, social, technological, and environmental factors. For the successful functioning of poultry farms in a changing environment, it is necessary to develop adaptation mechanisms to these factors. This includes monitoring changes in legislation, analyzing market conditions, introducing modern technologies, and developing a flexible management system. Special attention should be paid to interaction with government agencies and industry associations to obtain relevant information and support. Thus, taking into account external factors when planning the activities of poultry farming organizations in the Republic of Tatarstan is an important condition for ensuring the sustainable development of the industry. The development of strategies that take into account the impact of these factors will minimize risks and increase the competitiveness of enterprises in the domestic and foreign markets.
TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX ON THE EXAMPLE OF PJSC MOEK
Authors:   Moscow University of Finance and Law, Moscow, Russia, Shcherbakov Artem V. , Kuznetsov Alexander E. ,   Moscow University of Finance and Law, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2025

The article examines financing mechanisms for investment projects in the fuel and energy complex (FEC) at the regional level. The main financing approaches are analyzed, including public-private partnership, digital platforms, diversification, hedging, and risk insurance. Based on the example of PJSC MOEK, the current investment programs, financial instruments, and key performance indicators are studied. The main problems are identified — sanctions, infrastructure wear and tear, insufficient state support, and foreign investment restrictions. Measures to improve financing mechanisms are proposed, including PPP development, the introduction of green bonds, and the use of crowdfunding platforms. The recommendations presented aim to minimize risks, improve investment efficiency, and ensure the sustainable development of the industry.
THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS IN STIMULATING THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE EDUCATION ECONOMY
Authors:   Kazan Cooperative Institute (branch) of Russian University of Cooperation, Kazan, Russia, Khuzin Ravil M. , Berestov Nikolay V. ,   Kazan Cooperative Institute (branch) of Russian University of Cooperation, Kazan, Russia, Chernyakov Mikhail K. ,   Kazan Cooperative Institute (branch) Russian University of Cooperation, Kazan, Russia; Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: February 2025

The article examines the role of institutions in stimulating the processes of digital transformation of the education economy. The authors analyze how various institutional factors influence the introduction of digital technologies into educational processes. Examples of successful practices and conclusions that may be useful for further research and practical application are presented.
Comparing Cognitive Abilities of Monolinguals and Bilinguals: An Evaluation of Reliability Measures
Authors: - Dr.Preeti Gulati
Published: February 2025

Man spends a major part of his time in the preparation, production and interpretation of linguistic utterances of diverse kinds. The process of learning a language is not only to learn the linguistic forms of the language but also to use them appropriately in several contexts. Proficiency in a language does not only mean that one knows what has to be marked and expressed but also to understand as to what shall be inferred by the listeners. Language and cognition are intimately related disciplines but the exact dynamics of this relationship has been the subject matter for several debates and controversies. There is another common sense perspective which runs across several disciplines. Many linguistics and anthropologists believe that the language learnt by an individual greatly affects his way of thinking and communicative abilities. In the present study, cognitive abilities of monolinguals and bilinguals were compared. This approach to unravelling the language-cognition relation is the main issue in the school of cognitive linguistics which also gave rise to a question whether monolinguals or bilinguals are more proficient in their abilities to assess different cognitive structures A clear cut answer regarding the role of lingualism in the development of cognitive abilities is not available in the mentioned literature. Different studies clearly indicate conflicting results. Some of the studies have shown that bilinguals outperform monolinguals in all the above listed cognitive abilities whereas other studies indicate that monolinguals perform better than bilinguals in certain cognitive abilities. Therefore bilingualism has been the relevant topic for years. . Keeping in mind the available literature cognitive abilities viz., intelligence, problem solving ability, concept formation and creativity were taken into consideration and were analysed using a t-test. Along with this the reliability coefficients of all the variables and the measures used in the study were estimated using Split-half, Test-retest and inter-scorer method.
Psychosocial Needs and Parenting Challenges among Mothers of Congenital Gastro Intestinal Anomalies Children
Authors: - Ashalin Raja Brintha Palas , - Shankar Shanmugam Rajendran , - Kannan Kasinathan , - Marudhan Anbalagan , - Gayathri Kannadasan , - Shanmugapriya Shanmugasundaram
Published: February 2025

Congenital gastrointestinal anomalies significantly impact mothers, demanding prolonged hospitalizations and complex caregiving. This study aimed to assess the psychosocial needs and parenting challenges of mothers of hospitalized children with these conditions at ICH, Chennai. Using a non-experimental descriptive design and purposive sampling, 32 mothers were evaluated with Socio-Demographic Data, Parental Challenges Scale, and Psychosocial Needs Scale. Results showed that 53.13% had high to very high psychosocial needs, while 62.5% experienced moderate to high parenting challenges. A significant correlation was found between higher psychosocial needs and increased parenting challenges. Additionally, maternal job roles influenced psychosocial needs, and education levels significantly affected parenting challenges. The findings emphasize the importance of developing targeted interventions and support systems to address these mothers' emotional, social, and financial burdens.
Nurturing Excellence: An Inquiry Into The Dynamics Of Mentoring, Coaching And Supervision of Master Teachers In Educational Setting
Authors: - Marcel Hermida Diaz
Published: February 2025

Summary
This doctoral study delves into the dynamics of mentoring, coaching, and supervision practices among master teachers in Magallanes District, Sorsogon Province, during the 2023-2024 academic year. The research aims to comprehensively explore these support mechanisms and their impact on professional development, career progression, collaborative teaching practices, and leadership development.
The study assumes that varied ongoing practices positively influence master teachers’ growth and effectiveness. It also recognizes proactive engagement as crucial for fostering a collaborative educational environment. Anticipated challenges faced by master teachers in mentoring, coaching, and supervision processes are addressed to enhance support mechanisms.
The research focuses on the experiences of eleven master teachers, emphasizing lived experiences within the educational context. Findings reveal that master teachers play a pivotal role in shaping colleagues’ growth, employing diverse methods, and navigating challenges. Collaborative teaching and learning practices emerge as essential, along with leadership development.
Based on the results, a proposed training program aims to enhance master teachers’ skills in mentoring, coaching, and supervision. The study contributes to understanding effective support mechanisms and provides recommendations for future research in educational contexts.
Survey on the Impact of Climate Change on Plant Growth Patterns in Indian Agriculture
Authors: - Dr. Ajay Kumar Verma
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Climate change has emerged as a critical factor influencing plant growth patterns and agricultural productivity in India. This study investigates the impact of rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and increasing CO₂ concentrations on major staple crops—rice, wheat, and maize—across five key agricultural states: Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. The research employs a quantitative approach using historical climate and yield data (2001-2021) sourced from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA). Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) was applied to assess the relationship between climate variables (temperature, rainfall, CO₂ levels) and crop performance indicators (yield, growth duration, and phenological changes). The results highlight a consistent increase in temperature (2.3°C to 2.5°C) and a decline in rainfall (95-140 mm) over 20 years, leading to shortened crop growth cycles and declining yields. A negative correlation (-0.78 to -0.85) between rising temperatures and crop productivity was observed, with wheat in Punjab experiencing the highest decline. Additionally, CO₂ levels increased from 375 ppm to 420 ppm, yet crop yields continued to decline, indicating that heat stress and moisture deficits outweigh the potential benefits of CO₂ fertilization. This study fills a crucial literature gap by providing crop-specific, empirical insights into how climate stressors alter plant growth. The findings emphasize the urgent need for climate-resilient crop varieties, precision irrigation techniques, early warning systems, and policy-driven adaptation strategies to safeguard food security. Future research should focus on micro-climate variability, genetic adaptability, and economic models for sustainable climate adaptation.
Legal and Regulatory Problems for AI in Fintech in India
Authors: - Danish Husain , - Mishbah Masood , - Sonali Singh
Published: February 2025

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology within the financial technology (Fintech) sector has transformed Indian financial services by delivering improved efficiency and customized customer relationships together with creative solutions. However, the fast spread of AI technology throughout the fintech sector and the slowly developing AI and fintech regulatory frameworks in India pose substantial legal, regulatory, and ethical compliance difficulties. This paper focuses on issues involving the protection of digital personal data together with managing algorithmic discrimination and requiring transparency and accountability while safeguarding consumer rights. It critically examines the gaps in the existing frameworks including the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, of 2023, the Companies Act, of 2013, and the guidelines issued by RBI, SEBI, and IRDAI which remain unclear in addressing AI-related challenges. It compares the Indian regulatory frameworks with the foreign AI regulatory frameworks to analyze the shortcomings in our legal framework and to give recommendations to address these issues including the challenges faced by fintech startups, and corporations and concerns of maintaining fairness, transparency, and accountability. This paper (AI in Fintech- Legal and Regulatory Challenges in India) highlights the importance and the need for a comprehensive regulatory framework to address the legal and regulatory issues and achieve a balance between promoting AI-driven growth and reducing related dangers as AI continues to transform India's Fintech sector.
Local Derivations on the Planar Galilean Conformal Algebra
Authors: Jiang Lulu , Shen Hui , Liu Dong
Published: February 2025

Local derivation is a significant concept for various algebras, which measures some kind of local property of the algebras. This paper aims to study the local derivations on the planar Galilean conformal algebra. We determine all local derivations on the planar Galilean conformal algebra. Unlike the case of the Virasoro algebra and W(2, 2), there indeed exists a nontrivial local derivation on the planar Galilean conformal algebra. The key construction and some methods will help to do such researches for some other Lie (super)algebras.
Basic concepts of neutrosophic crisp sets
Authors: A. Soliman Entesar
Published: February 2025

The world around us is characterized by specificity, ambiguity, and contradiction, which led to a lack of our full knowledge of its facts and events. Therefore, we became in need of a new vision and a logical system that fits our incomplete information. In 1965, the American scientist F. Smarandache presented neutrosophic logic as a generalization of fuzzy logic and intuitive fuzzy logic. He added a new component to the degrees of a membership function and a non-membership function, which is the degree of indeterminacy. The crispneutrosophic sets presented by Ahmed Salama is considered a generalization of the classical set theory, as he developed and introduced new concepts in the fields of mathematics, statistics, computer science, and classical information systems. The purpose of this paper is to introduce basic concepts of neutrosophic crisp sets and give some types and operations on neutrosophic crisp sets. Also, we discussed the relationship between neutrosophic crisp sets and others. Finally, we investigate some properties of neutrosophic crisp sets supported by many theorems and illustrative examples. We can use the new of neutrosophic notions in the following applications: database, networks robots, compiler, and codes.
On estimation of parameters for bivariate von Mises and toroidal wrapped Gaussian to-rus distributions: A simulation study
Authors: M. Ganeiber Asaad
Published: February 2025

The bivariate von Mises sine (BvMST) and toroidal wrapped Gaussian or normal (TWNT) distributions are defined on torus and they are applicable to statistical directional analysis of orientational data in 2D. The multivariate wrapped normal distribution in -dimension has both multivariate marginal wrapped normal models and bivariate marginal wrapped normal distributions, and thus has a theoretical merit. One drawback of the wrapped normal torus (WNT) distribution is that, unlike the sine and cosine models, it does not form an exponential family and thus additional statistical and mathematical care is required to tackle the problem. The maximum likelihood (ML), maximum pseudolikelihood (MPL) and moments’ (M) methods are numerically compared with respect to their efficiency rates for estimating the corresponding parameters of the BvMST distribution.  Both MPL and M methods provide good estimates relative to the estimates of the ML method under an acceptance – rejection simulation scheme with Bingham-Angular Central Gaussian (BACG) distribution as an envelope. A proposed trigonometric moments’ (TM) method is derived and utilized for the purpose of parameters estimation of the TWNT distribution as compared to the traditional maximum likelihood technique. It provides efficient estimates either in small or large simulated random samples.
Occupational chemicals exposure and related hematological consequences among automobile garage workers in Benghazi, Libya.
Authors: Shaboun Seham , Alzunni Faisa
Published: February 2025

Background: The automobile repair garage workers are exposed as part of their occupation to aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and petrochemicals that have adverse effects on the heath of the human being. In Libya, there were no studies on the type and level of exposure to chemicals among automobile workers in different garage workplaces. Therefore, this field study was aimed to determine the consequences of occupational chemicals exposure on the hematological parameters of automobile workers.
Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, a total of 70 participants were enrolled, a number of 35 automobile repair garage workers filled out a questionnaire and gave blood samples for complete blood count (CBC) test and compared with an equal number of 35 control groups of the same sex and age group, gave also blood samples for CBC test. The data from the filled questionnaire were coded and the blood tests results were entered into the SPSS program (version 21). The data was presented by descriptive statistics. Meanwhile, the statistical analysis was done using the independent sample t-test. In addition, the proportions of categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test.
Results: Our findings in comparison to control showed that there was no significant difference in the RBC count of all participants. Both petrochemicals and oils exposed groups had higher MCV levels with statistically significant differences of p=0.05 and p=0.006 respectively. Whereas, the MCHC was significantly increased in petrochemicals and oil exposed groups (p=0.027 and p=0.008 respectively), moreover, the total WBC counts were significantly reduced in paints exposed workers (p=0.04), while no significant changes in petrochemicals and oils exposed groups (p=0.450 and p=0.359 respectively). Additionally, both petroleum and oil exposed were anemic in comparison to the normal reference value of hemoglobin level.
Conclusion: Our results indicated that working in the garage changes some of the hematological parameters of the workers. Thus, suitable and actual safety guidelines should be implemented to prevent possible chemical exposure during routine work, and further study on the type of heavy metals causing these hematological changes should be conducted in further studies.
Nephrotoxicity of Cyclophosphamide on Female Golden Hamster: Histopathological Study.
Authors: Benomran Rima A. , Elrashdy Maysoon F. , Gheryani Nabeia A. , Amer Abeer H.
Published: February 2025

Cyclophosphamide is considered one of the most effective alkylating anticancer drugs used worldwide. But it is also acknowledged for its damaging side effects including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and mutagenicity. This study was to investigate the histopathological changes induced by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of cyclophosphamide on the kidney tissue in female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). In this experimental study, 27 female golden hamsters were divided into three groups, control, therapeutic, and toxic dose groups. Animals in the control group were injected with normal saline, while those in the therapeutic, and toxic groups were injected with cyclophosphamide at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. The dosing was carried out on days 1, 3, and 5. Then on the seventh day, animals were humanely sacrificed. The kidney was maintained in formalin for histological examination. Histological examination of kidney tissue obtained from the animals treated with 100 mg/kg body weight cyclophosphamide (therapeutic dose) showed mild congestion in the glomerular capillaries and mild swelling of lining epithelial of some tubules. A significant histological alteration was observed at the toxic dose of 200 mg/kg body weight cyclophosphamide, were tubular necrosis and damage of renal glomeruli, this shows dose-dependent effects of the drug. The current study showed that the acute toxicity of renal tissue in female golden hamsters could be induced by the therapeutic or toxic doses of cyclophosphamide. Histopathological alterations were observed in the kidney tissue.
SDG 4.1.1 Minimum Proficiency Levels. Definition and blueprint for assessment
Authors:   UNESCO Institute for Statistics,   Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER)
Published: February 2025

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 aims to ensure that, by 2030, “all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes.” The primary indicator 4.1.1 concerns the proficiency of girls and boys in two learning areas (reading and mathematics) at three stages of education: at the end of lower primary, at the end of primary, and at the end of lower secondary. Large-scale learning assessments are essential tools to capture data on learning outcomes and to provide system-level evidence on education quality and equity. In the context of SDG 4, it is important that these data can also be used to monitor countries’ progress with achieving this goal – by reporting on SDG indicator 4.1.1 – the proportion of learners achieving at least a minimum proficiency level (MPL) in reading and mathematics at three stages of education. While the number of countries implementing large-scale learning assessments has increased substantially over the past two decades, these vary substantially in the assessed target population, learning areas, domains and constructs. In light of this, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics is supporting Ministries of Education, assessment agencies and organisations, education donors, partners and other stakeholders to use various national, regional and international large-scale assessments to report against SDG indicator 4.1.1. The UIS has specified a set of 7 key reporting criteria, each containing a set of technical requirements that assessments must meet to be eligible to report against SDG 4.1.11. This document has been created to support the application of reporting criterion 1 – Alignment to the MPL and construct validity, by providing a clear definition of the MPLs and a blueprint for each educational stage – a) at the end of lower primary (Grades 2/3), b) at the end of primary, and c) at the end of lower secondary.
Accounting Information System for Cash Receipts from Room Sales at The Pall Inn Hotel Cisarua
Authors: Putri Risma Wandari , Triwidatin Yuppy , Warizal
Published: February 2025

Hotels play an important role in the tourism industry because improving hotel management is essential for developing the tourism sector. Good hotel management includes the use of effective, diverse, and accurate accounting information systems. These systems are needed to simplify and accelerate the accurate presentation of financial reports. From its main function, the primary product sold by hotel businesses is room rentals or lodging services. Therefore, it is crucial for companies to implement relevant accounting information systems that meet the hotel's needs, especially in managing financial matters. The purpose of this study is to examine the accounting information system for cash receipts from room sales at the Pall Inn Hotel Cisarua. This study uses a qualitative research design with descriptive analysis, focusing on the accounting information system for room sales and cash receipts applied at the Pall Inn Hotel Cisarua. The study's results indicate that the accounting information system for recording cash receipts is consistent with the theory of sales accounting information systems. The Pall Inn Hotel implements a computerized accounting system to ensure transparency and efficiency; however, improvements are needed in internal control, staff training, and system maintenance.
Custumer Satisfation Based on Quality Product and Brand Image
Authors: Zuniarti Syita Oktaviani , Gemina Dwi , Ayu Chandra
Published: February 2025

In the era of globalization, the beverage packaging industry has experienced rapid growth, including intense competition in the tea beverage sector. This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality and brand image on consumer satisfaction of tea beverage X PT. TFJ, both simultaneously and partially. The research sample consisted of 100 consumers who had purchased the product more than twice, selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument was tested for validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The analysis method used was a descriptive and verification approach with multiple linear regression. The results showed that product quality and brand image had a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction, both together and individually. Brand image had the most dominant effect on consumer satisfaction compared to product quality. These findings indicate that brand image improvement strategies should be a priority for companies in maintaining customer satisfaction. In addition, improving product quality is still needed to strengthen competitiveness in the competitive tea beverage industry.
Pengaruh Keadaan Politik Terhadap Konsep Kerajaan Mesianik Pada Masa Intertestamental
Authors: Miraji Theodorus
Published: February 2025

Keadaan politik pada masa Intertestamental tidak dapat dipisahkan dari keadaan politik di Perjanjian lama, dan sangat berpengaruh pada keadaan politik di Perjanjia Baru. Keadaan politik juga membentuk konsep Bangsa Israel tentang Mesias dan kerajaan Mesianik yang sudah dijanjikan oleh para Nabi sebelum akhirnya Tuhan seolah diam pada masa intertestamental. Kondisi politik yang berubah ubah sangat mempengaruhi pemikiran bangsa Israel. Perubahan kekuasaan dari Persia ke Romawi membuat bangsa Israel mengharapkan sosok Mesias seperti Alexander Agung atau raja raja lain. Helenisme yang ada membuat bangsa Israel meyakini bahwa Mesias akan menyatukan Israel yang sudah terpecah. Gerakan Makabe yang sempat meledak, membuat bangsa Israel mengharapkan ada pemulihan harga diri sebagai sebuah bangsa pilihan. Namun konsep kerajaan Mesianik seperti itu ternyata tidak terjadi dan kenyataannya Yesus sang Mesias datang untuk menaklukkan dosa, menyatukan manusia dalam kebenaran, memulihkan hubungan dengan Allah dan membangun kerajaan Allah bagi manusia. Kata Kunci : Keadaan Politik, Kerajaan Mesianik, Intertestamental
PANDANGAN ALKITAB DAN SIKAP ORANG KRISTEN TERHADAP HOAX
Authors: Sari Sinta Kumala
Published: February 2025

Orang Kirsten diperhadapkan dengan sebuah realitas hoax dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Oleh sebab itu tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pandangan Alkitab tentang hoax dan bagaimana seharusnya sikap orang Kristen terhadap hoax. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Alkitab memaparkan secara gamplang berita hoax yang pernah terjadi baik dalam Perjanjian Lama maupun Perjanjian Baru. Akibat dari hoax tersebut masih dirasakan sampai saat ini. Alkitab tidak membenarkan hoax bahkan Alkitab memperingatkan hukuman terhadap orang yang melakukan hoax. Oleh sebab itu, orang Kristen masa kini harus memiliki sikap yang benar dan dapat dipertanggunjawabkan dalam menanggapi hoax yang beredar.
Tinjauan Teologis Dan Fenomenologis Praktik Makan Makanan Yang Dipersembahkan Berhala Dalam Hidup Orang Percaya Di Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya E. Chrisna , Laksana Widhi
Published: February 2025

Abstraksi: E. Chrisna Wijaya dan Widhi Laksana. Perkembangan pemikiran manusia semakin pesat, demikian membuahkan pemikiran yang luas, kritis dan obyektif. Luasnya obyektifitas pemikiran tersebut lambat laun membawa manusia kepada pemikiran relatif atau tanpa acuan yang hakiki, dengan demikian membawa manusia kesulitan menemukan kebenaran yang hakiki. Ketika manusia kehilangan kebenaran yang hakiki, manusia akan berpikir sesuai apa yang menjadi kebenarannya masing-masing, sehingga penilaian benar dan salah dilihat dari sudut pandang masing-masing. Salah satunya dalam dunia berpikir teologi yang mengkaji berbagai fenomena didunia ini, salah satunya terkait tentang ‘praktik makan makanan yang telah dipersembahkan berhala dalam hidup orang percaya’. Melalui penelitian menjadi upaya menemukan prinsip Alkitab memperbolehkan atau melarang mengerjakan praktik tersebut. Penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis dilakukan dengan meninjau fenomena yang ada, melihat obyektifitas menggunakan literasi untuk mengetahui pandangan terhadap fenomena tersebut, kemudian meninjaunya secara teologi Biblika, selanjutnya menemukan sebuah simpulan tinjauan penulisan. Dengan demikian, penulisan penelitian ini merupakan sebuah peninjauan terhadap teks Alkitab, khususnya dalam 1 Korintus 10:23-33, yang bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana Paulus secara persuasif mendorong orang-orang percaya di Korintus untuk mempergunakan kebebasannya secara bertanggungjawab dan tidak menjadi batu sandungan bagi orang percaya yang lemah imannya, dalam hal makan makanan yang telah dipersembahkan berhala. Dalam tulisannya, Paulus menggunakan argumentasi teologis dan praktis serta memberikan motivasi untuk orang percaya bertindak bukan untuk kepentingan pribadi, melainkan untuk kepentingan orang banyak, terutama bagi perkembangan Injil.. Dengan demikian diharapkan umat Kristiani memiliki kacamata ukur yang tepat dalam memandang, menimbang dan akhirnya memberikan sikap yang sesuai dengan Firman Tuhan, yaitu dengan memperggunakan hak dan kebebasan dalam memilih secara bertanggungjawab agar banyak orang yang diselamatkan karena Injil Kristus. Kata Kunci: 1 Korintus 8, 1 Korintus 10, fenomena, praktik makan, makanan berhala, persembahan berhala, iman Kristen, pengetahuan, kasih.
Signifikansi Pengakuan Iman Rasuli Bagi Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Rusli Gideon
Published: February 2025

Artikel ini secara khusus akan membahas Pengakuan Iman Rasuli sebagai salah satu dari Pengakuan iman oikumenis bersama dengan Pengakuan Iman Nicea Konstantinopel dan pengakuan iman Athanasius. Menggunakan metode deskriptif dan studi pustaka, penelitian ini melihat sisi sejarah/historis dari Pengakuan Iman Rasuli dari abad awal sampai terbentuknya bentuk final. Selain itu, artikel ini membahas tentang sisi teologis dari setiap butir pengakuan Iman Rasuli. Pengakuan Iman Rasuli ini tidak lepas dari kontroversi tentang siapa penulis dan tentang keberagaman versi yang ditemukan, namun dapat dijelaskan dan dijawab dalam artikel ini. Artikel ini ditutup dengan signifikansi Pengakuan Iman Rasuli bagi kehidupan orang Kristen masa kini sebagai pengakuam iman kepada Allah dan sebagai benteng pertahanan iman menghadapi arus pengajaran yang beragam dan berpotensi membawa penyesatanKata Kunci : Historis, Teologis, Kontroversi, Signifikansi, Pengakuan Iman Rasuli
Perspektif Pentakosta Tentang Persembahan Persepuluhan dalam Konsep Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru
Authors: Harianto Yusup Heri
Published: February 2025

Persepuluhan adalah milik Allah dan harus dikembalikan kepada Allah. Namun dalam prakteknya sekarang ini terjadi pro dan kontra sebab ada gereja-gereja yang berpendapat bahwa persepuluhan itu sudah tidak berlaku lagi karena persepuluhan itu ada dalam zaman Taurat. Sedangkan disisi yang lain ada banyak gereja yang dengan tertib masih mentaati untuk mengembalikan persepuluhan tersebut. Itu sebabnya dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini, fokus penelitian adalah menggali konsep persepuluhan baik melalui Perjanjian Lama maupun Perjanjian Baru serta melihat sejauh mana penerapan persepuluhan tersebut dalam era gereja masa kini khususnya terhadap gereja-gereja yang ada. Dengan menggunakan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriftif pendekatan studi. Temuan pada artikel ini mengemukakan bahwa mayoritas gereja mengakui dan menerapkan perpuluhan ini. Mayoritas gereja mengajarkan dan menghimbau sebagai sebuah kewajiban kepada para jemaat.  Kata-kata Kunci:  Persepuluhan, Hukum Taurat, Gereja, hamba Tuhan. Tithing belongs to God and must be returned to God. But in practice today there are pros and cons because there are churches that argue that tithing is no longer valid because tithing existed in Torah times. While on the other hand there are many churches that are still in an orderly manner to return the tithing. That is why in writing this scientific paper, the focus of research is to explore the concept of tithing both through the Old and New Testaments and see the extent of the application of tithing in the current church era, especially to existing churches. By using qualitative descriptive methods of study approach. The findings in this article suggest that the majority of churches recognize and apply this tithing. The majority of churches teach and exhort as an obligation to the congregation.
Fatherhood dalam Surat Efesus 6:4 Sebagai Perspektif Baru tentang Peran Pengasuhan Ayah Terhadap Perkembangan Anak-Anak
Authors: Baskoro Paulus Kunto , Dewantari Shinta , Umboh Steven Tommy Dalekes
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe parenting pattern of fathers towards children is an important thing to understand and study seriously, because it is related to a generation. This understaning is called Fatherhood. The principles of parenting fathers to children, known as Fathergood, will be studied specifically through Ephesians 6:4. Paul in his letter discusses relationship in the family and specifically Paul advises fathers not to raise their children in anger that causes bitterness. Instead of educating children with the truth of God’s Word. So that the principles of Fatherhood can be implemented in the lives of believers today. The method used is descriptive literature method. This research will discuss about effective ways of evangelism, so that evangelism is more effective and can be applied in all ages. The Purpose of this writing is First, to find the principles of Fatherhood in Ephesians 6:4. Second, make every Chirstian family an example and pattern in educating children. Third, applying parenting patterns to children today. Keywords : Fatherhood, Role, Upbringing, Father, Son, Ephesus, Colossians  AbstrakPola asuh ayah terhadap anak menjadi hal penting untuk dipahami dan dipelajari secara serius, sebab berhubungan dengan sebuah generasi. Pemahaman inilah yang disebut dengan Fatherhood. Prinsip-prinsip pola asuh ayah kepada anak yang dikenal dengan Fatherhood inilah yang akan dipelajari secara khusus lewat Surat Efesus 6:4. Paulus dalam suratnya membahas mengenai hubungan dalam keluarga dan secara khusus Paulus menasihatkan para ayah untuk tidak mendidik anak mereka dalam kemarahan yang menyebabkan kepahitan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif literatur. Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang cara yang efektif dalam penginjilan, sehingga penginjilan lebih tepat guna dapat diaplikasikan dalam segala zaman. Tujuan dalam penulisan ini adalah Pertama, menemukan prinsip-prinsip Fatherhood dalam Surat Efesus 6:4. Kedua, menjadikan setiap keluarga Kristen menjadi teladan dan pola dalam mendidik anak yang sesuai dengan kebenaran Firman Tuhan. Ketiga, mengaplikasikan pola asuh ayah kepada anak-anak pada masa kini. Kata-kata Kunci: Fatherhood, Peran, Asuh, Ayah, Anak, Efesus
Prinsip-Prinsip Pemberdayaan Tim Kepemimpinan Rasul Paulus dan Aplikasinya Bagi Gereja Mawar Sharon Regional Jateng & DIY di Era Digitalisasi
Authors: Samuel Bernard , Christina Endah
Published: February 2025

Abstrak Kemampuan pemimpin untuk melakukan pendelegasian kepemimpinan sangat penting bagi kelangsungan dan perkembangan Gereja Mawar Sharon (GMS) Regional Jawa Tengah dan DIY.  Namun perkembangan teknologi digital sejak pandemi covid menjadi tantangan bagi pelaksanaan pendelegasian kepemimpinan ini.  Sangat banyak tulisan yang mengulas berbagai aktivitas digital sejak pandemi, termasuk didalamnya pendidikan dan ibadah.  Tetapi belum ada tulisan yang secara khusus berbicara tentang pendelegasian kepemimpinan di GMS Regional Jawa Tengah dan DIY.  Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui prinsip-prinsip pemberdayaan tim kepemimpinan Rasul Paulus dan penerapannya bagi GMS Regional Jawa Tengah dan DIY dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital.  Dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian kualitatif bukan eksperimental dengan jenis riset teologi biblika, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa prinsip kepemimpinan Rasul Paulus dapat diaplikasikan untuk memberdayakan team leader dengan melakukan pemberdayaan individu seperti partisipasi, kontrol dan kesadaran kritis.  Proses pemberdayaan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi digital.  Untuk mencapai kesimpulan itu tulisan ini disusun sebagai berikut: eksegesis 1 Timotius 1:3-7, 3:2-13 dan 5:7-12, dari penelitian tersebut ditemukan prinsip tentang pengambilan keputusan, penyebaran tanggung jawab dan kepemimpinan.  Prinsip tersebut kemudian diaplikasikan pada pemberdayaan team leader pada tingkat organisasi dan komunitas.Kata kunci:
Peranan Perempuan di dalam Gereja Berdasarkan Kajian Lukas 8:1-3
Authors: Lawolo Aprianus , Angelina Claudia
Published: February 2025

Kepemimpinan perempuan sejak dahulu tetap menjadi pembahasan yang tidak pernah selesai. Hal ini disebabkan karena masih adanya sistem patriaki di beberapa daerah dan juga institusi. Bahkan tidak heran juga gereja yang seharusnya menjadi tempat untuk menunjukkan bentuk kesetaraan tersebut malah terjebak dengan tradisi dan tafsiran yang keliru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menawarkan sebuah gagasan bahwa kepemimpinan perempuan bukanlah hal yang berbahaya bahkan perempuan dapat memimpin semua orang bahkan di gereja sendiri. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perempuan dapat memimpin diatas mimbar, karena mereka setara, sehingga mereka dapat memimpin semua orang.
Bangkit dari Kegagalan: Studi Kasus Daud Memindahkan Tabut Perjanjian Tuhan dalam 1 Tawarikh 13:1-14
Authors: Setiawan Tjutjun , Adi Didit Yuliantono
Published: February 2025

A person's title and position do not always automatically make that someone successful in every plan he does, this was experienced by David, a king who had good intentions and was supported by his soldiers and the elders of the nation and all the people of Israel in moving the ark of the covenant, but experienced failure. In this study, the author uses a research method with a literature study approach and do expository method to the relevant Bible verses. This article aims to explore the events in which David faced failure and rose from failure in 1 Chronicles 13: 1-14. This research’s question is how could David rise from failure? From this study, the exemplary facts of David were found, where he sought the cause of failure by seeking God's help, and he rose and did it again in a way that was in accordance to God's word, he also dared to pay the price for God and did his best, as a form of totality in service. This is very relevant for today's leaders in their duties and responsibilities as Christian leaders to rise from the failures faced in their duties and services by always asking for God's help. AbstrakJabatan dan kedudukan seseorang tidak secara otomatis membuat seseorang itu akan selalu berhasil dalam setiap rencana yang dilakukannya, hal tersebut dialami oleh Daud, sebagai seorang raja yang mempunyai niat yang baik dan didukung oleh tentaranya dan para tua-tua bangsa serta seluruh rakyat Israel dalam hal memindahkan tabut perjanjian ternyata mengalami kegagalan. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian dengan pendekatan studi Pustaka dan melakukan eksposisi terhadap ayat-ayat Alkitab yang relevan. Tujuan artikel ini adalah mengeksplorasi peristiwa di mana Daud dalam menghadapi kegagalan dan bangkit dari kegagalan dalam 1 Tawarikh 13:1-14. Pertanyaan penelitiannya adalah bagaimana Daud bisa bangkit dari kegagalan? Dari penelitian ini ditemukan fakta teladan Daud, di mana ia mencari penyebab kegagalan dengan mencari pertolongan Tuhan, dan ia bangkit dan melakukannya lagi dengan cara yang sesuai dengan firman Tuhan, ia juga berani membayar harga untuk Tuhan dan sekuat tenaga melakukan yang terbaik, sebagai bentuk totalitas dalam pelayanan. Ini sangat relevan bagi pemimpin masa kini dalam tugas dan tanggungjawabnya sebagai pemimpin Kristen untuk bangkit dari kegagalan yang dialami dalam tugas dan pelayanannya dengan selalu meminta pertolongan Tuhan. Kata Kunci: Bangkit Dari Kegagalan, Daud, Tabut Perjanjian, 1 Tawarikh 13:1-14
Texto para Discussão 3079
Authors: Conceição Júnia Cristina Peres Rodrigues da
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise do desempenho das linhas de crédito, presentes no Plano Setorial para Adaptação à Mudança do Clima e Baixa Emissão de Carbono na Agropecuária com vistas ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Plano ABC+) para a agricultura familiar, verificando como está sendo essa inserção da agricultura familiar nesse plano; especificamente, como estão operando as linhas de crédito, contidas no plano, destinadas aos agricultores familiares. Para tanto, foi feita uma revisão de literatura sobre o assunto, e, a partir dos dados do Manual de Crédito Rural – MCR (BCB, [s.d.]), foi verificado o comportamento das linhas de crédito destinadas aos agricultores familiares, incluídas no Plano ABC+: Pronaf1 ABC+ Bioeconomia; Pronaf ABC+ Agroecologia; Pronaf ABC+ Florestas; e Pronaf ABC+ Semiárido. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a participação dos agricultores familiares nessas linhas de crédito é pequena, em relação ao Pronaf total. Deve ser salientado que o crédito Pronaf ABC+, embora importante, não tem sido suficiente para promover uma agricultura familiar de baixa emissão de carbono. Isto é, o crédito dos subprogramas do Pronaf ABC+, destinado à adoção de práticas sustentáveis pela agricultura familiar, não está sendo demandado; o número de contratos e o volume de crédito são pequenos, quando comparados ao volume e número de contratos do Pronaf total.
Stellar Occultation Observations of (38628) Huya and Its Satellite: A Detailed Look into the System
Authors: Rommel F. L. , Fernández-Valenzuela E. , Proudfoot B. C. N. , Ortiz J. L. , Morgado B. E. , Sicardy B. , Morales N. , Braga-Ribas F. , Desmars J. , Vieira-Martins R. , Holler B. J. , Kilic Y. , Grundy W. , Rizos J. L. , Camargo J. I. B. , Benedetti-Rossi G. , Gomes-Júnior A. , Assafin M. , Santos-Sanz P. , Kretlow M. , Vara-Lubiano M. , Leiva R. , Ragozzine D. A. , Duffard R. , Kučáková H. , Hornoch K. , Nikitin V. , Santana-Ros T. , Canales-Moreno O. , Lafuente-Aznar D. , Calavia-Belloc S. , Perelló C. , Selva A. , Organero F. , Hernandez L. A. , de la Cueva I. , Yuste-Moreno M. , García-Navarro E. , Donate-Lucas J. E. , Izquierdo-Carrión L. , Iglesias-Marzoa R. , Lacruz E. , Gonçalves R. , Staels B. , Goossens R. , Henden A. , Walker G. , Reyes J. A. , Pastor S. , Kaspi S. , Skrutskie M. , Verbiscer A. J. , Martinez P. , André P. , Maestre J. L. , Aceituno F. J. , Bacci P. , Maestripieri M. , Grazia M. D. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Pérez-Garcia I. , Fernández García E. J. , Fernández E. , Messner S. , Scarfi G. , Mikuž H. , Prat J. , Martorell P. , Nardiello D. , Nascimbeni V. , Sfair R. , Siqueira P. B. , Lattari V. , Liberato L. , Pinheiro T. F. L. L. , de Santana T. , Pereira C. L. , Alava-Amat M. A. , Ciabattari F. , González-Rodriguez H. , Schnabel C.
Published: February 2025

The physical and orbital parameters of trans-Neptunian objects provide valuable information about the solar system’s formation and evolution. In particular, the characterization of binaries provides insights into the formation mechanisms that may be playing a role at such large distances from the Sun. Studies show two distinct populations, and (38628) Huya occupies an intermediate position between the unequal-sized binaries and those with components of roughly equal sizes. In this work, we predicted and observed three stellar occultation events by Huya. Huya and its satellitewere detected during occultations in 2021 March and again in 2023 June. Additionally, an attempt to detect Huya in 2023 February resulted in an additional single-chord detection of the secondary. A spherical body with a minimum diameter of D = 165 km can explain the three single-chord observations and provide a lower limit for the satellite size. The astrometry of Huya’s system, as derived from the occultations and supplemented by observations from the Hubble Space Telescope and Keck Observatory, provided constraints on the satellite orbit and the mass of the system. Therefore, assuming the secondary is in an equatorial orbit around the primary, the limb fitting was constrained by the satellite orbit position angle. The system density, calculated by summing the most precise measurement of Huya’s volume to the spherical satellite average volume, is ρ
1 = 1073 ± 66 kg m−3. The density that the object would have assuming a Maclaurin equilibrium shape with a rotational period of 6.725 ± 0.01 hr is ρ
2 = 768 ± 42 kg m−3. This difference rules out the Maclaurin equilibrium assumption for the main body shape.