bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminist Epigenet(h)ics: Maternal Waters, Gestational Forms and Mitochondrial Eves in Lucile Hadžihalilović’s Evolution
Authors: Goss Katie
Published: September 2024

This article takes Catherine Malabou’s provocative insistence on an alliance between plasticity and feminism to initiate an exploration of gestation and its representation in the context of the postgenomic age. I argue that Malabou’s attention to epigenetic schemas of life and becoming can inform and, in turn, be enriched by feminist film-philosophy which locates the maternal as an alternative schema of embodied subjectivity – simultaneously displacing essentialising over-reliance on gender/sex binaries without entirely metaphorising or abstracting the material processes which subtend bodies and their openness to difference. Drawing on recent feminist scholarship, including Ann Carruthers’s Fertile Visions and Sophie Lewis’s Full Surrogacy Now, I turn to Lucile Hadžihalilović’s Evolution (2015) in order to approach gestational bodies as a central site for both the violent subjugation of embodied life and a feminist ethics and aesthetics of affective relationality. Part science-fiction, fairy-tale and body horror, Hadžihalilović’s film responds to contemporary bio-genetic innovations: Malabou’s elaboration of the “phylogenetic remains” and “cellular potentials” that epigenetic plasticity reactivates guides my reading of its seething maternal waters, multiply directed gestational bodies and various forms of plastic co-becoming. As well as being exemplary of new epigenetic imaginaries, Hadžihalilović’s complex foetal/fertile visions illuminate how feminist-philosophical-artistic practices may elaborate an epigenet(h)ics of life – informed by past forms, present configurations, and open to future bio-possibilities.
Barbara Broccoli and the Popular Image of the Bond Producer
Authors: Hines Claire
Published: September 2024

Of all the women involved in the James Bond film franchise over the years, for the last three decades producer Barbara Broccoli has had the greatest power and influence on its development. Since taking over as co-producer (alongside half-brother Michael G. Wilson) of the Bond films in the mid-1990s, Broccoli is constantly mentioned in relationship to James Bond, yet there has been no academic attention paid to her role as Bond producer. This article will address this oversight in Bond studies and contribute to the growing area of scholarship on the producer in the British film industry by analysing the popular image of ‘the Bond producer’ using promotional materials and press coverage.

The approach adopted in this article is framed in terms of a negative stereotype of (male) film producers that is widely generalised, and pressbook evidence showing that the original Bond producers Albert R. ‘Cubby’ Broccoli and Harry Saltzman were positively caricatured in the Bond film publicity. It will consider the enduring legacy of the ‘Men Behind James Bond’ producer image to examine the role played by Broccoli in the discourses of marketing and promotion during the Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig eras. The article will demonstrate that although a high degree of public visibility might be expected to come with the role of Bond producer, the woman behind the image and the day-to-day business of film production largely remains hidden in favour of the authorised narratives shaped by the earlier promotional materials, references made to Bondian character types or popular discourses of gender which the mainstream press reproduce. In so doing the article will reflect on debates about gender and diversity in the Bond franchise to connect to wider discourses around inclusivity in British popular culture that have come to the fore in recent years.
The Mistress of Bond: Eileen Sullivan, and the Role of Cutting the Cloth of James Bond's Wardrobe and Beyond
Authors: Chapman Llewella
Published: September 2024

This article spotlights the work of Eileen Sullivan and her career as a wardrobe mistress, later wardrobe supervisor, which included working on the James Bond films from Dr No (1962) until You Only Live Twice (1967). It will further consider how her career and role as a wardrobe mistress and supervisor changed within the British film industry from the mid-1940s until the mid-1980s, through personal papers shared by her family with me. Alongside this, the article draws upon papers available in the Film Finances Archive, the British Film Institute (BFI) and the British Library. This article will work to redress the absence in scholarship on the labour provided by costume workers below that of the costume designer, which as Melanie Williams (2016) has previously recognised, has been rendered invisible despite their costume work appearing on screen that contributes to the overall visual coherence of a film’s design. It will also address the difficulties of researching the work of wardrobe personnel who have hitherto remained unacknowledged in broader scholarship, and analyse the role of the wardrobe mistress and supervisor including agency and labour, and the impact of caring responsibilities on this ‘gendered’ role.
Averaged polytropic efficiency for wet steam expansion cycles
Authors:   HEW, Wettstein Hans E.
Published: September 2024

Historically wet steam expansion cycles were used in the first reciprocating steam engines. Then such cycles disappeared in favor of superheated cycles. However, wet cycles had a remarkable revival and dominate today’s nuclear power plants with around 10% of the world’s electricity production from 440 reactors in the year 2023. And this is combined with great future growth prospects. Such plants with electric power output of up to 1700MW have complicated arrangements for managing the large specific volumes (with multi-pass solutions), steam and condensed water extractions for both managing the water droplet content in the working steam and for feed water preheating. The intention of this paper is exploring a concept to assess the averaged thermodynamic quality of the used steam expansion system architecture. This is offered by the definition of an “averaged polytropic expansion efficiency”, which can be derived from five given quantities of a plant. This paper shows how to derive such numbers, which represent exactly the achieved share of the maximal thermodynamically possible power output for the given steam admission state and the condensation condition in contrast to any other efficiency definition. The historic background of such cycles is summarized and example numbers for understanding its “averaged polytropic expansion efficiency” with the need-to-know hints are indicated.
Numerical simulation of effect of blade end slot on performance of compressor cascade
Authors:   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Wang Ziyuan , Li Xuesong ,   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Ren Xiaodong ,   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Gu Chunwei ,   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University
Published: September 2024

Flow in test of highly loaded compressor cascade often deviates from the two-dimensional flow due to end-wall separation. As a traditional method, boundary layer suction often has problems, such as complicated device and unclear required suction flow rate. In this work, a novel method for cascade tests, blade end slot, was proposed to make test results better reflect the performance of two-dimensional profile in a highly loaded compressor cascade. The effect of slot jet flow on end-wall separation was investigated. The results show that slots can effectively suppress corner separation and make the flow at mid-span tend to two-dimensional flow. The slot jet flow near the core of corner separation can speed up the low-energy fluid in the corner region and suppress the separation. When the slot is of 10% span height and at about 80% chordwise position, the performance deviation between mid-span of cascade and the two-dimensional profile is less than 5% at large positive incidence positions.
Research on particle deposition characteristics and film cooling performance of trench flat plate with mesh morphing
Authors:   Harbin Engineering University, Zhang Haosu , Jiang Yuting ,   Harbin Engineering University, Chen Chenlin ,   Harbin Engineering University, Dong Liangchen ,   Harbin Engineering University, Chen Yida ,   Harbin Engineering University
Published: September 2024

Particles carried by gas and impurities in the operation environment can deposit on turbine blades. The deposition of particles on high temperature turbine can seriously damage aerodynamic efficiency and cooling characteristic. For preventing the negative effect of particle deposition, numerical simulations are used to investigate particle deposition and the influence of deposition on cooling performance of the flat plate by embedding the cooling holes into the trench. In the study, the Euler Lagrangian method is chosen to track particles. A hybrid deposition model based on critical velocity model and critical viscosity model is developed to estimate particle deposition by User Defined Function (UDF) of FLUENT. Dynamic mesh morphing is used to simulate the surface changes caused by deposition. It is mainly explored the differences in trench and blowing ratios. The effect of particle deposition on film cooling effectiveness is taken into account. The result shows that deposit efficiency of models with and without trench decreases with increasing blowing ratio. Deposit efficiency is highest when blowing ratio is 0.5, which can reach 17.8%. Trench can reduce or avoid the occurrence of certain deposition and effectively enhance the effectiveness of film cooling. Deposition can’t significantly weaken the cooling effectiveness.
Large eddy simulation study on the separation control mechanism of ribbed compressor blade
Authors:   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Qi Mengyao , Li Xuesong ,   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Hong Mingyang ,   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Ren Xiaodong ,   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Gu Chunwei ,   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University
Published: September 2024

In the past studies on the flow control of bionic riblets, scholars mostly covered the riblets in the turbulent zone of the surface to improve the drag reduction effect, but paid little attention to the flow separation effect, especially for compressor blades. Taking the UKG030.3 blade profile of compressor as an object, this paper proposes to cover the whole blade profile with triangular riblets, and uses large eddy simulation (LES) method to investigate the flow separation control effect and mechanism of riblets when the inlet Reynolds number is 2.2Å~105. It is found that the total pressure loss was reduced by 13.26%. More importantly, the riblets have the good flow control effect on the large separation flow. The long separation bubble disappears when the suction surface is covered with the riblets and the transition position moves forward. There is no flow separation in the middle and tip of the riblets and the pressure surface control effect is similar. The main mechanism is that the disturbance of the velocity of the front half of the ribbed blade increases and speeds up the transition process. It can be seen that the riblets have obvious control effect on the large separated flow.
Use of thermodynamic steady-state data for the analysis of turbofan engines: towards automatic fault detection and analysis
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Bolemant Martin , Franck Eva ,   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Reitenbach Stanislaus ,   German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Published: September 2024

As part of this research, the thermodynamic behavior of turbofan engines has been under investigation on the basis of synthesized, steady-state data in order to detect anomalous behavior. The paper focuses on failure detection, which constitutes a crucial component of the broader process of diagnosis. Subsequent stages will expand the diagnosis capabilities by implementing the analysis of the underlying causes of failures. A dataset consisting of thermodynamic data has been generated with a gas turbine performance simulation program, considering both component and measurement failures to replicate real-world conditions. Based on this simulated dataset, a clustering methodology has been developed to categorize and identify patterns. Utilizing synthetic data allows for a gradual escalation in complexity, enabling a systematic enhancement of clustering techniques to address increasing challenges effectively. In addition this approach enables the investigation of reliable limits for the detection of anomalies and the differentiation from normal operation. To carry out this investigation, new modules have been integrated into an existing software system, firstly to improve analytical capabilities and secondly to enable seamless integration of automated fault detection and analysis. The findings indicate that detecting various failure scenarios by identifying deviations from the nominal engine state is feasible through the use of clustering algorithms, even in datasets containing noise. This approach not only improves failure detection, but also lays the groundwork for failure analysis of the underlying causes which will be part of future work. As such, this research contributes to the advancement of automated methods for diagnosing engine performance based on typical thermodynamic engine measurements.
Centrifugal pump performance derating with non-Newtonian slurries
Authors:   University of Ferrara, Zanini Nicola , Suman Alessio ,   University of Ferrara, Piovan Mattia ,   University of Ferrara, Pinelli Michele ,   University of Ferrara
Published: September 2024

Centrifugal pumps are widespread and consolidated machines to transport fluids in industry. In certain fields, such as biomedical, food, and oil and gas, non-Newtonian fluids have to be managed. The viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid varies with the imposed stress and rheology, and consequently, pumping this type of fluid can lead to a considerable variation in the pump performance. The pump performance is usually provided by manufacturers only with water and thus, the selection of the proper machine to handle non-Newtonian fluids could be very tricky. Several models are found in the literature to predict the performance of centrifugal pumps with this type of fluids but a lack of reliability and generality emerges. Moreover, previous experimental investigations reported that sudden performance ascribed to gas-locking phenomena is detected at part-load operations. To avoid safety issues, oversized pumps are commonly installed, thus increasing the installation and operational costs. In this work, a small centrifugal pump was tested against a set of non-Newtonian slurries with different solid concentrations on an on-purpose test loop. The resulting performance is employed to assess the prediction quality of a derating method from the literature.
Highly stable Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-BC capsids with versatile packing potential
Authors: Celitan Enrika , Stanevičienė Ramunė , Servienė Elena , Serva Saulius
Published: September 2024

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising nanoscaffolds in development of vaccines and nanodelivery systems. Along with efficient production in various expression systems, they also offer extensive functionalization options. Nevertheless, the ultimate integrity of VLPs is an important burden for the applicability in nanobiotechnology. In this study, we characterize the Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-BC VLPs synthesized and purified from Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The particles exhibited prominent size stability in buffers within a range of ionic strength conditions, pH environment and presence of magnesium ions during the long-term storage at temperatures up to 37°C. Bacteria-derived particles exhibited alleviated stability in acidic pH values, higher ionic strength and temperature compared to yeast-derived particles. Taking advantage of gene engineering, 120 copies of red fluorescent protein mCherry were successfully encapsulated into both preparations of L-BC VLPs, while passive diffusion enabled encapsulation of antimicrobial peptide nisin into the yeast-derived unmodified VLPs. Our findings indicate that L-BC VLPs generally exhibit high long-term stability under various conditions, while yeast-derived L-BC VLPs are more stable under the elevated temperatures than bacteria-derived particles. Stability studies and encapsulation of particles by different molecules involving alternative strategies delineate the L-BC VLP potential to be developed into versatile nanodelivery system.
A principal component analysis of corporate dispositions for sustainable building construction in South Africa
Authors: Emere Chijioke Emmanuel , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis , Oguntona Olusegun Aanuoluwapo , Ogunbayo Babatunde Fatai
Published: September 2024

Corporate dispositions have been associated with implementing sustainable building construction (SBC). Prior studies have underscored the need for institutions to adopt sustainable development concepts as an integral part of their operations. Nonetheless, there remains ambiguity about the characteristics essential for enabling SBC, particularly for construction companies. Consequently, this study explored the corporate dispositions influencing SBC implementation in South Africa. The respondents included built environment professionals in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Descriptive and principal component analyses were used to determine the essential characteristics or features. The study found that top management support, competency, availability of finance for the project operation, good project management culture, stakeholders’ involvement and commitment, and commitment to innovative construction are the most critical corporate disposition features for SBC implementation. These formed a principal cluster called corporate capability and commitment. The insight from the critical corporate dispositions analysis is anticipated to trigger improvement initiatives and mitigate unsustainable practices and the unaffordability of smart houses in the South African construction industry. The findings suggest that mobilising competent human and financial resources for project operation among construction firms will support the adoption of modern building techniques and the erection of smart houses. Similarly, competitive advantage and committed involvement of the relevant stakeholders, including government and community, can lead to subsidy, alignment of local needs and aspirations, and reducing the high price of erecting sustainable/smart buildings and rental costs.
FGF2 promotes the expansion of parietal mesothelial progenitor pools and inhibits BMP4-mediated smooth muscle cell differentiation
Authors: Hwang Youngmin , Shimamura Yuko , Tanaka Junichi , Miura Akihiro , Sawada Anri , Sarmah Hemanta , Shimizu Dai , Kondo Yuri , Lee Hyeonjeong , Martini Francesca , Ninish Zurab , Yan Kelley S. , Yamada Kazuhiko , Mori Munemasa
Published: September 2024

Mesothelial cells, in the outermost layer of internal organs, are essential for both organ development and homeostasis. Although the parietal mesothelial cell is the primary origin of mesothelioma that may highjack developmental signaling, the signaling pathways that orchestrate developing parietal mesothelial progenitor cell (MPC) behaviors, such as MPC pool expansion, maturation, and differentiation, are poorly understood. To address it, we established a robust protocol for culturing WT1+ MPCs isolated from developing pig and mouse parietal thorax. Quantitative qPCR and immunostaining analyses revealed that BMP4 facilitated MPC differentiation into smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In contrast, FGF2 significantly promoted MPC progenitor pool expansion but blocked the SMC differentiation. BMP4 and FGF2 counterbalanced these effects, but FGF2 had the dominant impact in the long-term culture. A Wnt activator, CHIR99021, was pivotal in MPC maturation to CALB2+ mesothelial cells, while BMP4 or FGF2 was limited. Our results demonstrated central pathways critical for mesothelial cell behaviors.
Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in gynecological cancers
Authors: Huang Xiaodi , Lian Mengyi , Li Changzhong
Published: September 2024

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element involved in a variety of biological processes, such as antioxidant defense, mitochondrial respiration, and bio-compound synthesis. In recent years, a novel theory called cuproptosis has emerged to explain how Cu induces programmed cell death. Cu targets lipoylated enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and subsequently triggers the oligomerization of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, leading to the loss of Fe–S clusters and induction of heat shock protein 70. Gynecological malignancies including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma significantly impact women’s quality of life and even pose a threat to their lives. Excessive Cu can promote cancer progression by enhancing tumor growth, proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis through multiple signaling pathways. However, there are few studies investigating gynecological cancers in relation to cuproptosis. Therefore, this review discusses Cu homeostasis and cuproptosis while exploring the potential use of cuproptosis for prognosis prediction as well as its implications in the progression and treatment of gynecological cancers. Additionally, we explore the application of Cu ionophore therapy in treating gynecological malignancies.
Aptamers: precision tools for diagnosing and treating infectious diseases
Authors: Sujith Swathi , Naresh Rajalakshmi , Srivisanth B. U. , Sajeevan Anusree , Rajaramon Shobana , David Helma , Solomon Adline Princy
Published: September 2024

Infectious diseases represent a significant global health challenge, with bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasitic protozoa being significant causative agents. The shared symptoms among diseases and the emergence of new pathogen variations make diagnosis and treatment complex. Conventional diagnostic methods are laborious and intricate, underscoring the need for rapid, accurate techniques. Aptamer-based technologies offer a promising solution, as they are cost-effective, sensitive, specific, and convenient for molecular disease diagnosis. Aptamers, which are single-stranded RNA or DNA sequences, serve as nucleotide equivalents of monoclonal antibodies, displaying high specificity and affinity for target molecules. They are structurally robust, allowing for long-term storage without substantial activity loss. Aptamers find applications in diverse fields such as drug screening, material science, and environmental monitoring. In biomedicine, they are extensively studied for biomarker detection, diagnostics, imaging, and targeted therapy. This comprehensive review focuses on the utility of aptamers in managing infectious diseases, particularly in the realms of diagnostics and therapeutics.
Electrochemical biosensors on microfluidic chips as promising tools to study microbial biofilms: a review
Authors: Abouhagger Adei , Celiešiūtė-Germanienė Raimonda , Bakute Neringa , Stirke Arunas , Melo Wanessa C. M. A.
Published: September 2024

Microbial biofilms play a pivotal role in microbial infections and antibiotic resistance due to their unique properties, driving the urgent need for advanced methodologies to study their behavior comprehensively across varied environmental contexts. While electrochemical biosensors have demonstrated success in understanding the dynamics of biofilms, scientists are now synergistically merging these biosensors with microfluidic technology. This combined approach offers heightened precision, sensitivity, and real-time monitoring capabilities, promising a more comprehensive understanding of biofilm behavior and its implications. Our review delves into recent advancements in electrochemical biosensors on microfluidic chips, specifically tailored for investigating biofilm dynamics, virulence, and properties. Through a critical examination of these advantages, properties and applications of these devices, the review highlights the transformative potential of this technology in advancing our understanding of microbial biofilms in different settings.
The efficacy and safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors combined with statins in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Dong , Zhang Jin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Jiang Fengli , Wu Yiping , Yang Beibei , Li Xinghuan , Fan Xiongxiong , Li Han , Sun Yu , Gou Ruijie , Wang Xinyu
Published: September 2024

Background

In recent years, the position of PCSK9 inhibitors as adjuvant therapy to statins in guidelines has further improved. However, there remained a dearth of direct comparative studies among different PCSK9 inhibitors. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different PCSK9 inhibitors combined with statins.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from the study's inception to 12 November 2023, encompassing multiple online databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov to obtain relevant randomized controlled trials. Frequentist network meta-analysis was employed to compare the efficacy and safety of different PCSK9 inhibitors. The efficacy endpoints were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)). The safety endpoints were any adverse events (AE), severe adverse events (SAE), AE leading to treatment discontinuation, and injection-site reaction.

Results

Compared with placebo and ezetimibe, all PCSK9 inhibitors demonstrated significant reductions in LDL-C levels. Notably, evolocumab exhibited the most pronounced effect with a treatment difference of −63.67% (−68.47% to −58.87%) compared with placebo. Regarding dosage selection for evolocumab, the regimen of 140 mg Q2W (−69.13%, −74.55% to −63.72%) was superior to 420 mg QM (−61.51%, −65.97% to −57.05%). Based on rankings and P-scores analysis, tafolecimab 150 mg Q2W demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing ApoB levels (−61.70%, −84.38% to −39.02%) and Lp(a) levels (−43%, 30%, −68%, 81% to −17%, 79%). Furthermore, the safety profile of PCSK9 inhibitors was favorable with no increase in the incidence of AE, SAE, or AE leading to treatment discontinuation; however, alirocumab, inclisiran, and tafolecimab may potentially entail a potential risk associated with injection-site reactions.

Conclusion

Compared with placebo and ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors can significantly reduce LDL-C, ApoB, and Lp(a) when combined with statins to treat hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, PCSK9 inhibitors and ezetimibe exhibit similar safety profiles.

Systematic Review Registration

[PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42023490506].
The retarding effect of glacier degradation on the Earth’s rotation
Authors: Wang Chengming , Jia Zezhong , Wen Hao , Jiao Shihui , Ma Hao , Liu Shuling , Li Tongjun , Shen Ruofan , Zhang Huanhuan , Liu Yanyan , Wang Yongfeng , Li Baojun
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The massive loss of global glacier mass caused by climate problems has caused concern, while the Earth’s rotation as the most significant form of motion has also been subtly affected. However, the quantitative effects of massive glaciers losing mass on Earth’s rotation have not been revealed.

Methods

Herein, the knowledge of moment of inertia and suitable rotational inertia models in classical mechanics is initially utilized to assess the effect of quantitative glaciers losing mass on Earth's rotation.

Results

After specific calculations, the putative 200 billion tons of glaciers losing mass bring on an increase of 1.4099×10-4s in Earth’s rotation time in 365 days.

Discussion

This work examines the connection between glaciers losing mass and Earth’s rotation from classical mechanics, thus providing the way for investigations of relationship between climate changes and Earth.
Development and observation of a three-dimensional scanning coaxial Mie lidar for dynamic monitoring of near-surface aerosol plumes
Authors: Li QingWei , Xin Yu , Chen ChunSheng , Li YiNing , Jiang Yun , Song WeiWei
Published: September 2024

Accurate three-dimensional spatiotemporal distribution information on near-surface aerosols is of great significance for environmental research. In this study, a 3D scanning coaxial Mie lidar (3D-STML) was developed to achieve a fast three-dimensional scanning observation of aerosol diffusion processes in near-surface areas. 3D-STML generates high-spatiotemporal resolution images of aerosol extinction coefficient in real-time and captures the dynamic changes of aerosols in near real-time. By optimizing the design of the light guide mirror and the telescope sub-mirror, the system has a small overlap. Based on this, a highly stable and high-speed mechanical rotation mechanism was developed to enable three-dimensional observations. The integration of a solid-state high-repetition-rate pulsed laser and a coaxial, optical system for the transmitter and receiver ensures rapid tracking of aerosol plumes. To meet the observation requirements of near-surface aerosols, an aerosol inversion algorithm combining the Fernald and Klett methods was designed and developed. For aerosol plume monitoring needs, an aerosol plume-tracking algorithm based on Kalman filtering was developed to track the spatiotemporal evolution of aerosols automatically. Experimental results demonstrated that 3D-STML is capable of detecting aerosols in a range from 15 m to 4 km, with a distance resolution of 1.5 m and a time resolution of 0.083 s. It can effectively track and capture aerosol plumes. It can be used for large-scale, long-term observation of near-surface aerosols and for monitoring the spatiotemporal evolution of aerosol plumes.
I’m not half and half: navigating being a “both” in discipline-based education research
Authors: Holt Emily A. , Sung Rou-Jia , Lo Stanley M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction and methods

Through years of conversations, three discipline-based education researchers used a duoethnographic process to interrogate their own discipline-based education research (DBER) identities. We present a description of how these individuals navigate being a “both,” gathered through reflections, discussions, and deeper research to explore perspectives of our professional identities and what we perceive those identities look like to our peers, supervisors, and trainees.

Results

Our own definitions and eventually realized identities as a “both” emerged through this research process. We envision that science faculty have multiple roles, demands, and identities; at the most basic level, they are “both” an educator and a researcher. In the unique case of discipline-based education research (i.e., scholars studying the teaching and learning of science often in science departments), some faculty find an overlap between complementary yet sometimes competing research agendas (i.e., biology research (BR) and discipline-based education research (DBER)), of which they do “both.”

Discussion

This article has two key contributions. First, it articulates this side-glancing process of our navigation of being a DBER “both,” leveraging each of our unique perspectives and the literature. Second, it represents how such an exploration may be useful to other interdisciplinary researchers in understanding and embracing all parts of their identities.
Integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking and non-targeted serum metabolomics to illustrate pharmacodynamic ingredients and pharmacologic mechanism of Haizao Yuhu Decoction in treating hyperthyroidism
Authors: Huang Wenbin , Liu Xiaoju , Li Xingjia , Zhang Ruixiang , Chen Guofang , Mao Xiaodong , Xu Shuhang , Liu Chao
Published: September 2024

Objective

To explore the pharmacodynamic ingredients and pharmacologic mechanism of Haizao Yuhu Decoction (HYD) in treating hyperthyroidism via an analysis integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, and non-targeted serum metabolomics.

Methods

Therapeutic targets of hyperthyroidism were searched through multi-array analyses in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Hub genes were subjected to the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Targets of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in HYD and those of hyperthyroidism were intersected to yield hub genes, followed by validations via molecular docking and non-targeted serum metabolomics.

Results

112 hub genes were identified by intersecting APIs of HYD and therapeutic targets of hyperthyroidism. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) in both negative and positive ion polarity modes, 279 compounds of HYD absorbed in the plasma were fingerprinted. Through summarizing data yielded from network pharmacology and non-targeted serum metabolomics, 214 common targets were identified from compounds of HYD absorbed in the plasma and therapeutic targets of hyperthyroidism, including PTPN11, PIK3CD, EGFR, HRAS, PIK3CA, AKT1, SRC, PIK3CB, and PIK3R1. They were mainly enriched in the biological processes of positive regulation of gene expression, positive regulation of MAPK cascade, signal transduction, protein phosphorylation, negative regulation of apoptotic process, positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling and positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; and molecular functions of identical protein binding, protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity, protein kinase activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding and protein binding. A total of 185 signaling pathways enriched in the 214 common targets were associated with cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

Conclusion

HYD exerts a pharmacological effect on hyperthyroidism via inhibiting pathological angiogenesis in the thyroid and rebalancing immunity.
Exploring the impact of Detroit’s neighborhood characteristics on residents’ mental well-being
Authors: Dean Caress A. , Shrestha Jyoti , Siddiqui Urooj
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Detroit has encountered economic crises that negatively impacted residents’ neighborhood characteristics. Although substantial efforts are being made to enhance Detroit neighborhoods, there is limited understanding of the impact of Detroit’s neighborhood characteristics on residents’ mental well-being. With its potential to address this gap, this study aimed to examine the relationship between mental health status and satisfaction with neighborhood characteristics.

Methods

Data from the 12th wave (2021) of the Detroit Metro Area Communities were utilized for this cross-sectional study. Participants included individuals 18 or older residing in Detroit (N = 2,173). To meet the study’s objective, descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between mental health and neighborhood characteristics.

Results

Compared to participants who reported being very satisfied, participants who reported being very dissatisfied with the crime level were 2.12 times (95% CI = 1.10–4.08) more likely to have a higher number of mentally unhealthy days. The odds of a higher number of mentally unhealthy days were 77% (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.03–3.04) among those who reported being very dissatisfied with housing prices.

Discussion

Research on Detroit residents’ mental well-being found a significant relationship between neighborhood characteristics and mentally unhealthy days. The findings can be used to advocate and plan programs to reduce crime levels in Detroit. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of assessing the impact of the American Rescue Plan Act on both neighborhood characteristics and residents’ mental health. It also highlights the need to enhance behavioral health services for residents.
Microplastic detectives: a citizen-science project reveals large variation in meso- and microplastic pollution along German coastlines
Authors: Walther Bruno Andreas , Pasolini Franco , Korez Lupše Špela , Bergmann Melanie
Published: September 2024

Plastic production and plastic waste have increased to such an extent that it has become globally ubiquitous. Several studies already have investigated the meso- and microplastic pollution along the German Baltic and North Sea coasts, but were all limited to a few locations. To obtain representative bulk samples from sandy beaches along the entire German coast, we initiated a citizen-science project entitled “Microplastic Detectives.” Here, we describe in detail 1) how we recruited, instructed, and engaged citizen scientists, 2) why we chose bulk sampling over reduced-volume sampling, and 3) the laboratory methods we used. The citizen scientists collected 1,139 samples from 71 locations along the German coast, totalling 2.2 tons of sand. After drying, sieving with a 1 mm sieve, and visual inspection of the retained fraction under a binocular microscope, all putative plastic particles ≥1 mm were analysed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. 177 out of 1,139 samples (15.5%) contained a total of 260 plastic particles, with a large right-skewed variation among locations. Most of the particles were fragments, foils, foams, fibres, and pellets (96.2% in total), and 89.6% of the particles were made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, and polystyrene. The unweighted mean pollution densities were 4.12 particles m−2, 0.17 particles kg−1 and 0.27 particles L−1, and the weighted mean pollution densities were 3.77 particles m−2, 0.11 particles kg−1 and 0.18 particles L−1. These densities are lower than in other similar studies, but previous studies had important methodological differences. We discuss how these differences could have influenced the results and make recommendations for improving future studies. Two important recommendations are 1) to use random or stratified random sampling and 2) to run transects perpendicular (rather than parallel) to the waterline. Our study highlights that large-scale, scientifically rigorous monitoring of meso- and microplastic pollution is possible at the national level, and possibly even at much larger spatial and temporal scales. With the help of local authorities, such a monitoring program could be established.
Making gene editing accessible in resource limited environments: recommendations to guide a first-time user
Authors: Goolab Shivani , Scholefield Janine
Published: September 2024

The designer nuclease, CRISPR-Cas9 system has advanced the field of genome engineering owing to its programmability and ease of use. The application of these molecular scissors for genome engineering earned the developing researchers the Nobel prize in Chemistry in the year 2020. At present, the potential of this technology to improve global challenges continues to grow exponentially. CRISPR-Cas9 shows promise in the recent advances made in the Global North such as the FDA-approved gene therapy for the treatment of sickle cell anaemia and β-thalassemia and the gene editing of porcine kidney for xenotransplantation into humans affected by end-stage kidney failure. Limited resources, low government investment with an allocation of 1% of gross domestic production to research and development including a shortage of skilled professionals and lack of knowledge may preclude the use of this revolutionary technology in the Global South where the countries involved have reduced science and technology budgets. Focusing on the practical application of genome engineering, successful genetic manipulation is not easily accomplishable and is influenced by the chromatin landscape of the target locus, guide RNA selection, the experimental design including the profiling of the gene edited cells, which impacts the overall outcome achieved. Our assessment primarily delves into economical approaches of performing efficient genome engineering to support the first-time user restricted by limited resources with the aim of democratizing the use of the technology across low- and middle-income countries. Here we provide a comprehensive overview on existing experimental techniques, the significance for target locus analysis and current pitfalls such as the underrepresentation of global genetic diversity. Several perspectives of genome engineering approaches are outlined, which can be adopted in a resource limited setting to enable a higher success rate of genome editing-based innovations in low- and middle-income countries.
Impact of platelet transfusion refractoriness in the first 30 days post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on outcomes of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Zhang Yuanfeng , Wang Yan , Ma Runzhi , Liu Li , Sun Jiali , Chen Xin , Yang Donglin , Pang Aiming , Zhang Rongli , Ma Qiaoling , Zhai Weihua , He Yi , Wei Jialin , Zhang Tingting , Jiang Erlie , Han MingZhe , Feng Sizhou
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Currently, no study has determined whether platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) before engraftment in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) would impacts clinical outcomes.

Methods

We performed a MDS-specific retrospective analysis to determine whether PTR in one-month post-HSCT in patients with MDS could influence outcomes.

Results and discussion

Among the 315 patients enrolled, 110 (34.9 %) had PTR from stem cell infusion to one-month post-HSCT. Baseline characteristics of the PTR and non-PTR groups were similar. We found that patients with PTR had a slower and lower rate of platelet engraftment by day 28, as well as a slower recovery of neutrophils. The median days of neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 14 days (9-23) and 17 days (8-28) in the PTR groups versus 13 days (9-23) and 15 days (7-28) in the non-PTR group (P<0.001). By day 28, 84 of 110 patients (76.4%) with PTR achieved platelet engraftment compared with 181 of 205 patients (88.3%) without PTR achieving platelet engraftment (P=0.007). In addition, patients in the PTR group received significantly more red blood cell (median, 17 units vs. 10 units, P<0.001) and platelet transfusions (median, 13 units vs. 7 units, P<0.001). However, the overall survival was similar between the two groups. PTR in one-month post-HSCT, haploidentical donor, and ferritin level>1041ng/ml (median level) were independent adverse factors of platelet engraftment.
GSTT1/GSTM1 deficiency aggravated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via ROS-triggered ferroptosis
Authors: Li Peipei , Li Duopin , Lu Yanfang , Pan Shaokang , Cheng Fei , Li Shen , Zhang Xiaonan , Huo Jinling , Liu Dongwei , Liu Zhangsuo
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent prescribed to treat solid tumors. However, its clinical application is limited because of cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity. A known complication of cisplatin is acute kidney injury (AKI). Deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1, members of the glutathione S-transferase family, are common in humans and are presumed to be associated with various kidney diseases. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in cisplatin induced AKI remain unclear.

Methods

To investigate the roles of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in cisplatin-induced AKI, we generated GSTM1 and GSTT1 knockout mice using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and assessed their kidney function under normal physiological conditions and cisplatin treatment. Using ELISA kits, we measured the levels of oxidative DNA and protein damage, along with MDA, SOD, GSH, and the GSH/GSSG ratio in wild-type and GSTM1/GSTT1 knockout mice following cisplatin treatment. Additionally, oxidative stress levels and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins in kidney tissues were examined through Western blotting, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques.

Results

Here, we found that GSTT1 and GSTM1 were downregulated in the renal tubular cells of AKI patients and cisplatin-treated mice. Compared with WT mice, Gstm1/Gstt1-DKO mice were phenotypically normal but developed more severe kidney dysfunction and exhibited increased ROS levels and severe ferroptosis after injecting cisplatin.

Discussion

Our study revealed that GSTM1 and GSTT1 can protect renal tubular cells against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and ferroptosis, and genetic screening for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms can help determine a standard cisplatin dose for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
The role of cGAS-STING signaling in rheumatoid arthritis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets
Authors: Zhu Qiugang , Zhou Huimin
Published: September 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily characterized by erosive and symmetric polyarthritis. As a pivotal axis in the regulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) and innate immunity, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. This pathway mainly functions by regulating cell survival, pyroptosis, migration, and invasion. Therefore, understanding the sources of cell-free DNA and the mechanisms underlying the activation and regulation of cGAS-STING signaling in RA offers a promising avenue for targeted therapies. Early detection and interventions targeting the cGAS-STING signaling are important for reducing the medical burden on individuals and healthcare systems. Herein, we review the existing literature pertaining to the role of cGAS-STING signaling in RA, and discuss current applications and future directions for targeting the cGAS-STING signaling in RA treatments.