bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does intensive multimodal treatment for maternal ADHD improve the efficacy of parent training for children with ADHD? A randomized controlled multicenter trial
Authors: Jans Thomas , Jacob Christian , Warnke Andreas , Zwanzger Ulrike , Groß‐Lesch Silke , Matthies Swantje , Borel Patricia , Hennighausen Klaus , Haack‐Dees Barbara , Rösler Michael , Retz Wolfgang , von Gontard Alexander , Hänig Susann , Sobanski Esther , Alm Barbara , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Colla Michael , Gentschow Laura , Jaite Charlotte , Kappel Viola , Becker Katja , Holtmann Martin , Freitag Christine , Graf Erika , Ihorst Gabriele , Philipsen Alexandra
Published: July 2015

Background

This is the first randomized controlled multicenter trial to evaluate the effect of two treatments of maternal attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on response to parent–child training targeting children's external psychopathology.

Methods

Mother–child dyads (n = 144; ADHD according to DSM‐IV; children: 73.5% males, mean age 9.4 years) from five specialized university outpatient units in Germany were centrally randomized to multimodal maternal ADHD treatment [group psychotherapy plus open methylphenidate medication; treatment group (TG): n = 77] or to clinical management [supportive counseling without psychotherapy or psychopharmacotherapy; control group (CG): n = 67]. After 12 weeks, the maternal ADHD treatment was supplemented by individual parent–child training for all dyads. The primary outcome was a change in the children's externalizing symptom scores (investigator blinded to the treatment assignment) from baseline to the end of the parent–child training 6 months later. Maintenance therapy continued for another 6 months. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed within a linear regression model, controlling for baseline and center after multiple imputations of missing values.

Results

Exactly, 206 dyads were assessed for eligibility, 144 were randomized, and 143 were analyzed (TG: n = 77; CG: n = 66). After 6 months, no significant between‐group differences were found in change scores for children's externalizing symptoms (adjusted mean TG‐mean CG=1.1, 95% confidence interval −0.5–2.7; p = .1854), although maternal psychopathology improved more in the TG. Children's externalizing symptom scores improved from a mean of 14.8 at baseline to 11.4 (TG) and 10.3 (CG) after 6 months and to 10.8 (TG) and 10.1 (CG) after 1 year. No severe harms related to study treatments were found, but adverse events were more frequent in TG mothers than in CG mothers.

Conclusions

The response in children's externalizing psychopathology did not differ between maternal treatment groups. However, multimodal treatment was associated with more improvement in maternal ADHD. Child and maternal treatment gains were stable (CCT‐ISRCTN73911400).
The clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of clinical nurse specialist‐led hospital to home transitional care: a systematic review
Authors: Bryant‐Lukosius Denise , Carter Nancy , Reid Kim , Donald Faith , Martin‐Misener Ruth , Kilpatrick Kelley , Harbman Patricia , Kaasalainen Sharon , Marshall Deborah , Charbonneau‐Smith Renee , DiCenso Alba
Published: July 2015

Rationale, aims and objectives

Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) are major providers of transitional care. This paper describes a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of CNS transitional care.

Methods

We searched 10 electronic databases, 1980 to July 2013, and hand‐searched reference lists and key journals for RCTs that evaluated health system outcomes of CNS transitional care. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and Quality of Health Economic Studies tools. The quality of evidence for individual outcomes was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. We pooled data for similar outcomes.

Results

Thirteen RCTs of CNS transitional care were identified (n = 2463 participants). The studies had low (n = 3), moderate (n = 8) and high (n = 2) risk of bias and weak economic analyses. Post‐cancer surgery, CNS care was superior in reducing patient mortality. For patients with heart failure, CNS care delayed time to and reduced death or re‐hospitalization, improved treatment adherence and patient satisfaction, and reduced costs and length of re‐hospitalization stay. For elderly patients and caregivers, CNS care improved caregiver depression and reduced re‐hospitalization, re‐hospitalization length of stay and costs. For high‐risk pregnant women and very low birthweight infants, CNS care improved infant immunization rates and maternal satisfaction with care and reduced maternal and infant length of hospital stay and costs.

Conclusions

There is low‐quality evidence that CNS transitional care improves patient health outcomes, delays re‐hospitalization and reduces hospital length of stay, re‐hospitalization rates and costs. Further research incorporating robust economic evaluation is needed.
Efficacy of Liuzijue Qigong in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Remission
Authors: Xiao Chun‐Mei , Zhuang Yong‐Chang
Published: July 2015

Objectives

To investigate the effectiveness of a 6‐month Liuzijue qigong (LQG) program in promoting physical and psychosocial function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Design

Single‐blind, randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Seven hospital respiratory care centers in Beijing.

Participants

Individuals with COPD (N = 126; mean age 71.1 ± 2.7, range 65–85).

Methods

Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: LQG (n = 63) and control (n = 63). Subjects in the LQG group received a LQG program consisting of four 45‐minute sessions each week and daily walking for 30 minutes for 6 months. Control subjects walked daily for 30 minutes. Data collection was performed at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 6 months. Primary outcomes involved functional capacity, and secondary outcomes involved quality of life.

Results

The LQG group had greater improvements in the 6‐minute walk test (P = .02); specific airway conductance (P = .02); monitored functional task evaluation (P = .04); Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36; general health (P < .001), mental health (P = .03)); Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (dyspnea (P = .05), emotion (P = .05), and mastery (P = .04) at 6‐month follow‐up. After 6 months, the control group had significant improvement only on the SF‐36 mental health (P = .02).

Conclusion

LQG promoted functional capacity and quality of life in older adults with COPD at 6 months and is a good alternative home exercise program for older adults in the rehabilitation of COPD.
Effects of Prolactin and Lactation on A15 Dopamine Neurones in the Rostral Preoptic Area of Female Mice
Authors: Brown R. S. E. , Herbison A. E. , Grattan D. R.
Published: July 2015

There are several distinct populations of dopamine neurones in the hypothalamus. Some of these, such as the A12 tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurones and the A14 periventricular dopamine neurones, are known to be regulated by the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin, whereas others, such as the A13 zona incerta dopaminergic neurones, are not. The present study aimed to investigate the role of prolactin in the regulation of a fourth population of hypothalamic dopamine neurones: the A15 dopamine population in the rostral hypothalamus. These neurones may play a role in the regulation of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, and we hypothesised that they might contribute to the suppression of GnRH release and infertility caused by hyperprolactinaemia. Under basal (low prolactin) conditions, only 8% of A15 dopamine neurones in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of vehicle‐treated dioestrous mice expressed phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5), as labelled by immunohistochemistry. We have previously shown that this transcription factor can be used as an index of prolactin‐receptor activation. Following acute prolactin administration, 35% of AVPV dopamine neurones co‐expressed pSTAT5, whereas, during lactation, when endogenous prolactin levels are chronically elevated, 55% of AVPV dopamine neurones expressed pSTAT5. There was also a significant increase in dopamine turnover in the rostral hypothalamus, both in the diagonal band of Broca at the level of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and in the rostral preoptic area during lactation, with the 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio increasing from 0.28 ± 0.04 and 0.14 ± 0.01 in dioestrous mice to 0.82 ± 0.06 and 0.38 ± 0.03, respectively, in day 7 lactating mice. It is not yet known whether this change is driven by the hyperprolactinaemia of lactation, or another lactation‐specific signal. These data demonstrate that the A15 dopaminergic neurones of the rostral hypothalamus are responsive to exogenous prolactin and may be regulated by endogenous prolactin during lactation.
The effect of mucosal cuff shrinkage around dental implants during healing abutment replacement
Authors: Nissan J. , Zenziper E. , Rosner O. , Kolerman R. , Chaushu L. , Chaushu G.
Published: July 2015

Soft tissue shrinkage during the course of restoring dental implants may result in biological and prosthodontic difficulties. This study was conducted to measure the continuous shrinkage of the mucosal cuff around dental implants following the removal of the healing abutment up to 60 s. Individuals treated with implant‐supported fixed partial dentures were included. Implant data – location, type, length, diameter and healing abutments' dimensions – were recorded. Mucosal cuff shrinkage, following removal of the healing abutments, was measured in bucco‐lingual direction at four time points – immediately after 20, 40 and 60 s. anova was used to for statistical analysis. Eighty‐seven patients (49 women and 38 men) with a total of 311 implants were evaluated (120 maxilla; 191 mandible; 291 posterior segments; 20 anterior segments). Two‐hundred and five (66%) implants displayed thick and 106 (34%) thin gingival biotype. Time was the sole statistically significant parameter affecting mucosal cuff shrinkage around dental implants (P < 0·001). From time 0 to 20, 40 and 60 s, the mean diameter changed from 4·1 to 4·07, 3·4 and 2·81 mm, respectively. The shrinkage was 1%, 17% and 31%, respectively. The gingival biotype had no statistically significant influence on mucosal cuff shrinkage (P = 0·672). Time required replacing a healing abutment with a prosthetic element should be minimised (up to 20/40 s), to avoid pain, discomfort and misfit.
High Rates of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Men Referred for Borderline Testosterone Levels
Authors: Westley Christopher J. , Amdur Richard L. , Irwig Michael S.
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Men referred for borderline testosterone levels represent an increasingly common clinical scenario, yet there is little literature on this population.

Aim

We hypothesized that men referred for borderline testosterone levels would have higher rates of depression and depressive symptoms than the general population.

Methods

Subjects included 200 adult men (mean age of 48 years old) referred for borderline total testosterone levels between 200 and 350 ng/dL (6.9–12 nmol/L). Collected data included demographic information, medical histories, medication use, signs and symptoms of hypogonadism, and assessments of depressive symptoms and/or a known diagnosis of depression or use of an antidepressant.

Main Outcome Measures

The main outcome measure was a combination of known depression, current use of an antidepressant, and/or depressive symptoms according to the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) with scores ≥10 considered positive.

Results

Depression and/or depressive symptoms were present in 56% of the subjects. This rate was significantly higher than rates of 6–23% (PHQ-9 scores ≥10) seen in general populations. Antidepressant use was 25%. The population was notable for high rates of overweight/obesity and physical inactivity. Common symptoms were erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, fewer AM erections, low energy, and sleep disturbances.

Conclusions

While sexual and nonspecific symptoms (i.e., fatigue) likely prompted measurements of testosterone in this selected population, clinicians should recognize the high rates of depression and depressive symptoms in men referred for borderline testosterone levels. Clinicians should consider screening for depression/depressive symptoms and overweight and unhealthy lifestyle risk factors in men referred for tertiary care for potential hypogonadism.
Estimating sleep from multisensory armband measurements: validity and reliability in teens
Authors: Roane Brandy M. , Van Reen Eliza , Hart Chantelle N. , Wing Rena , Carskadon Mary A.
Published: July 2015

Given the recognition that sleep may influence obesity risk, there is increasing interest in measuring sleep parameters within obesity studies. The goal of the current analyses was to determine whether the SenseWear® Pro3 Armband (armband), typically used to assess physical activity, is reliable at assessing sleep parameters. The armband was compared with the AMI Motionlogger® (actigraph), a validated activity monitor for sleep assessment, and with polysomnography, the gold standard for assessing sleep. Participants were 20 adolescents (mean age = 15.5 years) with a mean body mass index percentile of 63.7. All participants wore the armband and actigraph on their non‐dominant arm while in‐lab during a nocturnal polysomnographic recording (600 min). Epoch‐by‐epoch sleep/wake data and concordance of sleep parameters were examined. No significant sleep parameter differences were found between the armband and polysomnography; the actigraph tended to overestimate sleep and underestimate wake compared with polysomnography. Both devices showed high sleep sensitivity, but lower wake detection rates. Bland–Altman plots showed large individual differences in armband sleep parameter concordance rates. The armband did well estimating sleep overall, with group results more similar to polysomnography than the actigraph; however, the armband was less accurate at an individual level than the actigraph.
Population genetic structure and approximate Bayesian computation analyses reveal the southern origin and northward dispersal of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in its native range
Authors: Wei Shu‐Jun , Cao Li‐Jun , Gong Ya‐Jun , Shi Bao‐Cai , Wang Su , Zhang Fan , Guo Xiao‐Jun , Wang Yuan‐Min , Chen Xue‐Xin
Published: July 2015

The oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta is one of the most destructive orchard pests. Assumed to be native to China, the moth is now distributed throughout the world. However, the evolutionary history of this moth in its native range remains unknown. In this study, we explored the population genetic structure, dispersal routes and demographic history of the OFM in China and South Korea based on mitochondrial genes and microsatellite loci. The Mantel test indicated a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance in the populations. Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure (baps) identified four nested clusters, while the geneland analysis inferred five genetic groups with spatial discontinuities. Based on the approximate Bayesian computation approach, we found that the OFM was originated from southern China near the Shilin area of Yunnan Province. The early divergence and dispersal of this moth was dated to the Penultimate glaciation of Pleistocene. Further dispersal from southern to northern region of China occurred before the last glacial maximum, while the expansion of population size in the derived populations in northern region of China occurred after the last glacial maximum. Our results indicated that the current distribution and structure of the OFM were complicatedly influenced by climatic and geological events and human activities of cultivation and wide dissemination of peach in ancient China. We provide an example on revealing the origin and dispersal history of an agricultural pest insect in its native range as well as the underlying factors.
The ECB During the Financial Crisis. Not so Unconventional!
Authors: Febrero Eladio , Uxó Jorge , Dejuán Óscar
Published: July 2015

The European Central Bank's balance sheet has expanded notably, without banks granting more credit, and the overnight interest rate has stayed close to the deposit facility level for long periods of time since the onset of the financial crisis. This appears to go against the logic implicit in the post‐Keynesian Horizontalist approach to monetary macroeconomics, which links reserves to credit and holds that a central bank accommodates the demand for reserves in order to control the overnight interest rate. In this article, we analyze the monetary policy implemented by the ECB since the third quarter of 2008, with a view to studying its implications for monetary theory, concluding that this approach can still explain much of what has happened in the Euro Zone in the last troubled years, despite paradoxically, there being excess reserves and simultaneously accepting that reserves are demand led, and that the ECB has lent them at the official rate while the overnight interest rate has been close to the deposit facility rate. Further, this analysis reveals that mainstream monetary theory has not been very useful, because neither the link between reserves and loans nor the relation between reserves and inflation have worked. This leads us to believe that some transmission channels of the monetary policy implemented by the ECB since late 2014, which can be deemed unconventional, will not perform well.
Impact of diabetes on cognitive function and brain structure
Authors: Moheet Amir , Mangia Silvia , Seaquist Elizabeth R.
Published: July 2015

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been associated with reduced performance on multiple domains of cognitive function and with structural abnormalities in the brain. With an aging population and a growing epidemic of diabetes, central nervous system–related complications of diabetes are expected to rise and could have challenging future public health implications. In this review, we will discuss the brain structural and functional changes that have been associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes duration and glycemic control may play important roles in the development of cognitive impairment in diabetes, but the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanisms causing these changes in cognition and structure are not well understood. Future research is needed to better understand the natural history and the underlying mechanisms, as well as to identify risk factors that predict who is at greatest risk of developing cognitive impairment. This information will lead to the development of new strategies to minimize the impact of diabetes on cognitive function.
Requesting Belief
Authors: McMyler Benjamin
Published: July 2015

Requests belong to a family of forms of social influence on action that appear problematic when employed in the attempt to directly influence belief. Explaining why this is so is more difficult than it might at first appear. The fact that belief is not directly subject to the will can only be part of the explanation. It must also be the case that requests are incapable of providing epistemic reasons in a way that parallels that in which they provide practical reasons. I propose an account of the nature of requests that is in a position to explain why requests are incapable of doing this.
A multiparental cross population for mapping QTL for agronomic traits in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum)
Authors: Milner Sara Giulia , Maccaferri Marco , Huang Bevan Emma , Mantovani Paola , Massi Andrea , Frascaroli Elisabetta , Tuberosa Roberto , Salvi Silvio
Published: July 2015

Multiparental cross designs for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) provide an efficient alternative to biparental populations because of their broader genetic basis and potentially higher mapping resolution. We describe the development and deployment of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) obtained by crossing four elite cultivars. A linkage map spanning 2664 cM and including 7594 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was produced by genotyping 338 RILs. QTL analysis was carried out by both interval mapping on founder haplotype probabilities and SNP bi‐allelic tests for heading date and maturity date, plant height and grain yield from four field experiments. Sixteen QTL were identified across environments and detection methods, including two yield QTL on chromosomes 2BL and 7AS, with the former mapped independently from the photoperiod response gene Ppd‐B1, while the latter overlapped with the vernalization locus VRN‐A3. Additionally, 21 QTL with environment‐specific effects were found. Our results indicated a prevalence of environment‐specific QTL with relatively small effect on the control of grain yield. For all traits, functionally different QTL alleles in terms of direction and size of genetic effect were distributed among parents. We showed that QTL results based on founder haplotypes closely matched functional alleles at known heading date loci. Despite the four founders, only 2.1 different functional haplotypes were estimated per QTL, on average. This durum wheat population provides a mapping resource for detailed genetic dissection of agronomic traits in an elite background typical of breeding programmes.
Conferring high‐temperature tolerance to nontransgenic tomato scions using graft transmission of RNA silencing of the fatty acid desaturase gene
Authors: Nakamura Shinya , Hondo Kana , Kawara Tomoko , Okazaki Yozo , Saito Kazuki , Kobayashi Kappei , Yaeno Takashi , Yamaoka Naoto , Nishiguchi Masamichi
Published: July 2015

We investigated graft transmission of high‐temperature tolerance in tomato scions to nontransgenic scions from transgenic rootstocks, where the fatty acid desaturase gene (LeFAD7) was RNA‐silenced. Tomato was transformed with a plasmid carrying an inverted repeat of LeFAD7 by Agrobacterium. Several transgenic lines showed the lower amounts of LeFAD7 RNA and unsaturated fatty acids, while nontransgenic control did not, and siRNA was detected in the transgenic lines, but not in control. These lines grew under conditions of high temperature, while nontransgenic control did not. Further, the nontransgenic plants were grafted onto the silenced transgenic plants. The scions showed less of the target gene RNA, and siRNA was detected. Under high‐temperature conditions, these grafted plants grew, while control grafted plants did not. Thus, it was shown that high‐temperature tolerance was conferred in the nontransgenic scions after grafting onto the silenced rootstocks.
FT overexpression induces precocious flowering and normal reproductive development in Eucalyptus
Authors: Klocko Amy L. , Ma Cathleen , Robertson Sarah , Esfandiari Elahe , Nilsson Ove , Strauss Steven H.
Published: July 2015

Eucalyptus trees are among the most important species for industrial forestry worldwide. However, as with most forest trees, flowering does not begin for one to several years after planting which can limit the rate of conventional and molecular breeding. To speed flowering, we transformed a Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla hybrid (SP7) with a variety of constructs that enable overexpression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). We found that FT expression led to very early flowering, with events showing floral buds within 1–5 months of transplanting to the glasshouse. The most rapid flowering was observed when the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was used to drive the Arabidopsis thaliana FT gene (AtFT). Early flowering was also observed with AtFT overexpression from a 409S ubiquitin promoter and under heat induction conditions with Populus trichocarpa FT1 (PtFT1) under control of a heat‐shock promoter. Early flowering trees grew robustly, but exhibited a highly branched phenotype compared to the strong apical dominance of nonflowering transgenic and control trees. AtFT‐induced flowers were morphologically normal and produced viable pollen grains and viable self‐ and cross‐pollinated seeds. Many self‐seedlings inherited AtFT and flowered early. FT overexpression‐induced flowering in Eucalyptus may be a valuable means for accelerating breeding and genetic studies as the transgene can be easily segregated away in progeny, restoring normal growth and form.
Effects of Light and Salinity Stresses in Production of Mycosporine‐Like Amino Acids by Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Vale Paulo
Published: July 2015

Mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) were analyzed in a Portuguese Gymnodinium catenatum strain when transferred to high salinity and high light conditions. Total MAA concentrations increased progressively between 30 and 36 psu, attaining at 36 psu 2.9‐fold the 30 psu treatment. When abruptly transferred to solar light in an outdoor shadowed location, MAA concentration increased steadily along the day for most compounds. After 8 h, mycosporine–glycine, palythene and M‐319 attained or surpassed 25‐fold their initial concentration, while M‐370 only attained 4‐fold concentration. When transferred from halogen to fluorescent light, polar MAAs such as shinorine and porphyra‐334, increased until day two and then declined, while M‐370 increase slowly, becoming the dominant compound from the profile after 1 week. These experiments put into evidence the relation of palythene with M‐319, which was further identified as its acid degradation product, palythine. Acid degradation of M‐370 originated M‐324, while M‐311 seems to be the precursor of M‐370. Under high salinity and high light conditions chain formation was altered toward shorter chains or solitary cells. This alteration can represent a morphological stress sign, which in the natural environment could affect average population speed during daily vertical migrations.
Which Gender Wage Gap Estimates to Trust? A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Goraus Karolina , Tyrowicz Joanna , van der Velde Lucas
Published: July 2015

The aim of this paper is to compare estimates of the adjusted wage gap from different methods and sets of conditioning variables. We apply available parametric and non‐parametric methods to LFS data from Poland for 2012. While the raw gap amounts to nearly 10 percent of the female wage; the adjusted wage gap estimates range between 15 percent and as much as 23 percent depending on the method and the choice of conditional variables. The differences across conditioning variables within the same method do not exceed 3pp, but including more variables almost universally results in larger estimates of the adjusted wage gaps. Methods that account for common support and selection into employment yielded higher estimates of the adjusted wage gap. While the actual point estimates of adjusted wage gap are slightly different, all of them are roughly twice as high as the raw gap, which corroborates the policy relevance of this methodological study.
Back injuries in a cohort of schoolchildren aged 6–12: A 2.5‐year prospective study
Authors: Franz C. , Jespersen E. , Rexen C. T. , Leboeuf‐Yde C. , Wedderkopp N.
Published: July 2015

The aims of this prospective school cohort study were to describe the epidemiology of diagnosed back pain in childhood, classified as either nontraumatic or traumatic back injury, and to estimate the association with physical activity in different settings. Over 2.5 years, 1240 children aged 6–12 years were surveyed weekly using mobile text messages to ask about the presence or absence of back pain. Pain was clinically diagnosed and injuries were classified using the International Classification of Diseases version 10. Physical activity data were obtained from text messages and accelerometers. Of the 315 back injuries diagnosed, 186 injuries were nontraumatic and 129 were traumatic. The incidence rate ratio was 1.5 for a nontraumatic back injury compared with a traumatic injury. The overall estimated back injury incidence rate was 0.20 per 1000 physical activity units (95% confidence interval 0.18–0.23). The back injury incidence rates were higher for sports when exposure per 1000 physical activity units was taken into consideration and especially children horse‐riding had a 40 times higher risk of sustaining a traumatic back injury compared to the risk during non‐organized leisure time physical activity. However, the reasonably low injury incidence rates support the recommendations of children continuously being physically active.
Finding a Middle Way to Develop Europe's Fisheries Dependent Areas: The Role of Fisheries Local Action Groups
Authors: Phillipson Jeremy , Symes David
Published: July 2015

Axis 4 of the European Fisheries Fund is an important new opportunity for fishing communities which offers the prospect of integrating local territorial approaches and strategies to support the fishing sector. But what does it mean to find a ‘middle way’ where households, businesses and localities dependent on fishing are part of an integrated strategy for local territorial development? In this article we review these models of development and draw on case‐study findings to discuss how Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) provide lessons for the future. The article reveals a need for greater clarity regarding the intended beneficiaries and overarching novel purpose of Axis 4 and sets out an original typology of fisheries dependency to help guide local strategies. Looking beyond local impacts, the article argues that the success of the initiative may be judged in terms of how far steering a middle course can contribute to the broader transformation of fisheries policy and to what extent FLAGs can play a role in evidencing the resilience and vulnerabilities of fishing communities.
Business Strategies for Resilience: The Case of Zeeland's Oyster Industry
Authors: Doeksen Anne , Symes David
Published: July 2015

The article examines approaches to resilience building adopted by 18 out of the 29 active oyster firms in Zeeland, the southwestern delta province of the Netherlands, where a highly dynamic natural environment exposes oyster growing to known but unpredictable environmental disturbances. Survey results reveal a range of actions across three interrelated areas of decision‐making: maricultural practice, the business and the household. Closer analysis indicates two contrasting strategies for resilience building: a more cautious, cost saving approach adopted by the smaller ‘oyster farmer’ and a more adventurous approach based on vertical and horizontal integration favoured by ‘farmer traders’, often involving expansion into other forms of seafood production and trade. The actions of individual firms in seeking to build resilience within their own enterprises is not matched by collaborative initiatives nor, in the view of the industry, by government action.
Thromboelastography (TEG®) compared with total platelet count in thrombocytopenia haematological malignancy patients with bleeding: a pilot observational study
Authors: Kasivisvanathan R. , Koutra M. , Rooms M. , Black E. , Desai L. , Mallett S. V. , Rao‐Baikady R.
Published: July 2015

Background

There has been no reported use of Thromboelastography® (TEG®) in assessing thrombocytopenic haematological malignancy (HM) patients experiencing bleeding.

Objectives

To assess whether there are differences in TEG® variables in thrombocytopenic HM patients experiencing clinically significant bleeding compared with those not experiencing bleeding.

Methods

Thirty adult patients with HM and a total platelet count (TPC) of ≤30 × 109 L−1 were observed for greater than or equal to grade two World Health Organisation (WHO) bleeding episodes for 72 h. They had TPC, TEG® parameters [maximal amplitude (MA), reaction time (R‐time), alpha (α‐angle) and functional fibrinogen (FF) levels], activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) measured at inclusion, 24 and 48 h.

Results

Five patients had nine significant bleeding episodes. Patients bleeding (n) were all more hypocoaguable when measured by TEG® than patients not bleeding at inclusion n = 4 (MA: 16·9 vs 31·8 mm, P < 0·01; R‐time: 10·1 vs 7·5 min, P = 0·02; α‐angle: 18·8 vs 28·4, P < 0·01; FF: 182·4 vs 204 mg dL−1, P < 0·01), at 24 h n = 3 (MA 18 vs 29·4 mm, P = 0·02; R‐time: 9·4 vs 7·4mins, P = 0·02; α‐angle: 21·6 vs 26·5, P = 0·04 and FF: 168 vs 201 mg dL−1, P = 0·01) and at 48 h n = 2 (MA: 29·7 vs 23·0, P = 0·02; R‐time: 8·1 vs 6·7mins, P = 0·05; α‐angle: 22·6 vs 26·5, P = 0·04; FF: 170 vs 208 mg dL−1, P = 0·01). There were no significant differences in TPC, APTT or PT between patients that bled and those that did not at each time point.

Conclusions

Thrombocytopenic HM patients experiencing bleeding are hypocoaguable on TEG®.
Prevalence and specificity of RBC alloantibodies in the general hospitalised population in Guangxi
Authors: Mo Z. , Li H. , Huang L. , Jiao W.
Published: July 2015

Objectives

The aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence and specificities of red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies in the general hospitalised population in Guangxi, China.

Background

Alloimmunisation to RBC antigens is a major complication of transfusion therapy, and alloantibodies pose many clinical problems such as blood transfusion–related adverse reactions. The frequency and specificity of erythrocyte alloantibodies were different in populations from different geographic areas and races. However, the data on alloantibodies in the Guangxi population are limited; thus, we aimed to investigate them in this study.

Methods

Erythrocyte request records of Guangxi patients were retrospectively reviewed from January 2013 to February 2014. Data from antibody screening tests for 20 283 patients were retrieved for analysis. Clinical data, including gender, age, medical history, transfusion history, pregnancy history and alloantibody specificity were collected.

Results

Data from 20 283 patients were analysed, and a total of 166 alloantibodies were identified in 150 patients (0·74%). The most frequent alloantibodies were anti‐E (39·76%), anti‐Mia/Mur (11·45%), anti‐c (10·84 %), anti‐Lea (8·43%) and anti‐M (6·63%). Three cases of anti‐D (1·81%) and two rare cases of anti‐H (1·20%) were also detected.

Conclusions

The frequency and specificities of erythrocyte alloantibodies among hospitalised patients in Guangxi were different from those in other Chinese populations and Caucasians, although the alloantibodies against the antigens of the Rh system are still common. Anti‐E and anti‐Mia/Mur were more common in Guangxi patients, but anti‐K and anti‐D, which are prone to develop in Caucasians, were less likely to develop in our patients.
Computed Tomography Determined Changes in Position of the Hepatobiliary and Gastrointestinal Systems after CO2 Insufflation to Determine Optimal Positioning for Abdominal Laparoscopy
Authors: Elliott Ross C. , Kirberger Robert M. , Joubert Kenneth E.
Published: July 2015

Objective

To evaluate changes in body position and effect of CO2 insufflation on the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems using computed tomography (CT) to determine optimal laparoscopic approach.

Study Design

Experimental study.

Animals

Healthy intact female Beagles (n = 6) of similar age, weight, and body condition score.

Methods

Urinalysis, peripheral blood smear, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed to determine dog health. A series of pre insufflation (PrI) CT scans in ventrodorsal routine (VDR), ventrodorsal Trendelenburg (VDT), left lateral (LL), and right lateral (RL) recumbency were performed before and after abdominal insufflation (PoI) with CO2 (10–14 mm Hg). Pre‐determined measurements were made on PrI and PoI scans and differences compared.

Results

Liver position was affected by body position and under gravitational influence moved to the dependent part of the abdominal cavity. The gallbladder was best exposed in LL. Stomach position was not significantly changed after insufflation. Different areas of small intestine were dependent on gravitational effects. The pancreas maintained a similar position after insufflation.

Conclusions

VDR was the ideal position for all laparoscopic procedures of the liver. The LL position could be used for surgery of the gallbladder but likely provides poor exposure to the rest of the liver. In approaching the stomach and intestines, the area of interest should be used to determine the best position.
Role of habitual physical activity in modulating vascular actions of insulin
Authors: Padilla Jaume , Olver T. Dylan , Thyfault John P. , Fadel Paul J.
Published: July 2015

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?

This review highlights the importance of increased vascular insulin sensitivity for maintaining glycaemic control and cardiovascular health.

What advances does it highlight?

We discuss the role of habitual physical activity in modulating vascular actions of insulin.

Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease commonly coexist. Current evidence suggests that impaired insulin signalling in the vasculature may be a common link between metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including glycaemic dysregulation and atherosclerosis. Herein, we highlight the importance of the actions of insulin on the vasculature for glycaemic control and arterial health. In addition, we summarize and discuss findings from our group and others demonstrating that increased physical activity may be an effective approach to enhancing vascular insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, in light of the existing literature, we formulate the hypothesis that increased shear stress may be a prime mechanism through which habitual physical activity improves insulin signalling in the vasculature. Ultimately, we propose that targeting vascular insulin resistance may represent a viable strategy for improving glycaemic control and reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Application of Finite-Time Integral Sliding Mode to Guidance Law Design
Authors: Golestani Mehdi , Mohammadzaman Iman , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Javad , Vali Ahmad Reza
Published: July 2015

In this work, a new nonlinear guidance law with finite-time convergence considering control loop dynamics is developed to intercept highly maneuvering targets. The approach is based on integral sliding mode combined with finite-time state feedback control. Since terminal guidance process occurs in a short time, the line-of-sight (LOS) angular rate should converge to zero in a finite time. The proposed guidance scheme successively guides the LOS angular rate to converge to zero in a finite-time, and stability and robustness of the new guidance law are demonstrated by means of Lyapunov stability theorem. Three-dimensional simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed design procedure.
Liquid Jet Impingement With an Angled Confining Wall for Spent Flow Management for Power Electronics Cooling With Local Thermal Measurements
Authors: Maddox John F. , Knight Roy W. , Bhavnani Sushil H.
Published: July 2015

The local surface temperature, heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number were measured for an inline array of circular, normal jets of single-phase, liquid water impinging on a copper block with a common outlet for spent flow, and an experimental two-dimensional (2D) surface map was obtained by translating the jet array relative to the sensors. The effects of variation in jet height, jet pitch, confining wall angle, and average jet Reynolds number were investigated. A strong interaction between the effects of the geometric parameters was observed, and a 5 deg confining wall was seen to be an effective method of managing the spent flow for jet impingement cooling of power electronics. The maximum average heat transfer coefficient of 13,100 W/m2 K and average Nusselt number of 67.7 were measured at an average jet Reynolds number of 14,000.
Some Criteria for Coating Effectiveness in Heavily Loaded Line Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated Contacts—Part I: Dry Contacts
Authors: Kudish Ilya I. , Volkov Sergey S. , Vasiliev Andrey S. , Aizikovich Sergey M.
Published: July 2015

Contacts of indentors with functionally graded elastic solids may produce pressures significantly different from the results obtained for homogeneous elastic materials (Hertzian results). It is even more so for heavily loaded line elastohydrodynamically lubricated (EHL) contacts. The goal of the paper is to indicate two distinct ways the functionally graded elastic materials may alter the classic results for the heavily loaded line EHL contacts. Namely, besides pressure the other two main characteristics which are influenced by the nonuniformity of the elastic properties of the contact materials are lubrication film thickness and frictional stress/friction force produced by lubricant flow. The approach used for analyzing the influence of functionally graded elastic materials on parameters of heavily loaded line EHL contacts is based on the asymptotic methods earlier developed by authors (Kudish, 2013, Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication for Line and Point Contacts: Asymptotic and Numerical Approaches, Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, New York; Kudish and Covitch, 2010, Modeling and Analytical Methods in Tribology, Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, New York; and Aizikovich et al., 2006, Contact Problems of Elasticity for Functionally Graded Materials, Fizmatlit, Moscow, Russia). More specifically, it is based on the analysis of contact problems for dry contacts of functionally graded elastic solids and the lubrication mechanisms in the inlet and exit zones as well as in the central region of heavily lubricated contacts.
Analysis of Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Natural Convection in an Enclosure Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Biswas Nirmalendu , Chatterjee Souvick , Das Mithun , Garai Amlan , Roy Prokash C. , Mukhopadhyay Achintya
Published: July 2015

This work investigates natural convection in an enclosure with localized heating on the bottom wall with a flushed or protruded heat source and cooled on the top and the side walls. Velocity field measurements are done by using 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has been used to create low dimensional approximations of the system for predicting the flow structures. The POD-based analysis reveals the modal structure of the flow field and also allows reconstruction of velocity field at conditions other than those used in PIV study.
Spectral Photon Monte Carlo With Energy Splitting Across Phases for Gas–Particle Mixtures
Authors: Marquez Ricardo , Modest Michael F. , Cai Jian
Published: July 2015

In multiphase modeling of fluidized beds, pulverized coal combustors, spray combustors, etc., where different temperatures for gas and solid phases are considered, the governing equations result in separate energy equations for each phase. For high-temperature applications, where radiation is a significant mode of heat transfer, accurately predicting the radiative source terms across each individual phase is an essential task. A spectral photon Monte Carlo (PMC) method is presented here with detailed description of the implementation features, including the spectral treatment of solid particles, random number correlations, and a scheme to split emission and absorption across phases. Numerical results from the PMC method are verified against direct numerical integration of the radiative transfer equation (RTE), for example, problems including a cylindrically enclosed homogeneous gas–particulate medium and a simple fluidized bed example. The PMC method is then demonstrated on a snapshot of a pulverized-coal combustion simulation.
Effect of Channel Confinement on Mixed Convective Flow Past an Equilateral Triangular Cylinder
Authors: Varma Nitish , Dulhani Jay P. , Dalal Amaresh , Sarkar Sandip , Ganguly Suvankar
Published: July 2015

The present work investigates the mixed convective flow and heat transfer characteristics past a triangular cylinder placed symmetrically in a vertical channel. At a representative Reynolds number, Re = 100, simulations are carried out for the blockage ratios β=1/3,1/4, and 1/6. Effect of aiding and opposing buoyancy is brought about by varying the Richardson number in the range -1.0≤Ri≤1.0. At a blockage ratio of 1/3, suppression of vortex shedding is found at Ri = 1, whereas von Kármán vortex street is seen both at β=1/4 and 1/6, respectively. This is the first time that such behavior of blockage ratio past a triangular cylinder in the present flow configuration is reported. Drag coefficient increases progressively with increasing Ri and a slightly higher value is noticed at β=1/3. For all β, heat transfer increases with increasing Ri. Flattening of Nuavg –Ri curve beyond Ri>0.75 is observed at β=1/3.
Comparing Severe Injuries by Sex and Sport in Collegiate-Level Athletes: A Descriptive Epidemiologic Study
Authors: Hurtubise Johanna M. , Beech Cheryl , Macpherson Alison
Published: July 2015

Context:

There is a lack of research on sex differences for severe injuries across a variety of sports at the collegiate level.

Objective:

To compare differences in injury severity and concussion between sexes and collegiate sports.

Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Participants:

1,657 injuries were analyzed from collegiate teams at York University.

Data Collection and Analysis:

Injuries were assessed by a certified or student athletic therapist and were categorized based on degree of tissue and/or joint damage as either severe or nonsevere. Severe injuries included those with third degree damage, while all others were classified as nonsevere. Injury severity was compared between the sexes and across different sports using Pearson chisquare analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess the relative contribution of each covariate.

Results:

Males sustained 1,155 injuries, with 13.3% of them being severe, while females sustained only 502 injuries, 17.7% of which were severe. The odds of sustaining severe injuries among female athletes are 1.4 times the odds of male athletes (OR: 1.40, CI 1.05−1.86). Eleven percent of all female injuries were concussions—significantly more than males (χ2 = 11.03, p = .001). The odds of female athletes having a concussion are 1.9 times the odds of a male athlete (OR: 1.85, CI 1.28−2.67).

Conclusion:

Based on our analysis, females are at an increased risk of sustaining a severe injury, particularly concussions. These findings highlight the need for future research into sex and sport-specific risk factors. This may provide information for health care professionals, coaches, and athletes for the proper prevention, on-field care, and treatment of sport injuries.
Expert Versus Novice Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the Frontal Plane Projection Angle During a Single-Leg Squat
Authors: Tate Jeremiah , True Hanna , Dale Barry , Baker Carrie
Published: July 2015

The high rate of ACL injury has led to the need for large-scale injury risk screening to aid in prevention. Cost and time alternatives to three-dimensional assessments of knee injury risk factors are necessary for largescale, clinical use. The purpose of this study was to determine the expert versus novice interrater reliability and test-retest reliability of the frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during the single-leg squat (SLS) test. Excellent interrater reliability was demonstrated for session 1 and session 2. Excellent intrarater (i.e., test-retest) reliability was demonstrated for both the novice and expert. The minimal training requirements and excellent reliability of the FPPA during the SLS test make it a key screening tool for large-scale assessment of injury risk.