bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do we assess family supports and fairness in early intervention?
Authors: Belcher Harolyn M.E. , Hairston‐Fuller Tody C. , McFadden Jenese
Published: March 2012

Public Law 99–457 extended the landmark Public Law 94–142 legislation to include early intervention for infants and toddlers with or at‐risk for development of developmental disabilities. Currently over 300,000 infants and toddlers and their families in the United States receive services through Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education legislation. The law fostered interagency collaborations and included the child's parent or caregiver as an integral part of the intervention team. This article reviews the 26 years of legislation associated with educating young children with disabilities and the resulting early intervention service delivery system. Analyses and review of studies of Part C services are offered to inform policies that enhance early identification, family engagement, and intervention delivery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:36–43.
Do people with intellectual disability require special human subjects research protections? The interplay of history, ethics, and policy
Authors: Feudtner Chris , Brosco Jeffrey P.
Published: March 2012

People with intellectual disability (ID) have a long history of discrimination and stigmatization, and a more recent history of pride and self‐advocacy. The early history suggests that people with ID are a vulnerable population and deserve special research protections as do some other groups; the disability rights movement of the late 20th century aligns people with ID more closely with the principle of autonomy that has guided clinical and research ethics for the last 40 years. In examining the history of people with ID and the prevailing framework of human subjects research protections in the United States, we conclude that people with ID do not require special protection in human subjects research. The protections that have already been put in place for all individuals, if conscientiously and effectively implemented, achieve the right balance between safeguarding the interest of human research subjects and empowering individuals who choose to do so to participate in research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:52–56.
Comparison of urine and hair testing for drugs of abuse in the control of abstinence in driver's license re‐granting
Authors: Dufaux Bertin , Agius Ronald , Nadulski Thomas , Kahl Hans‐Gerhard
Published: March 2012

The purpose of the study was to compare the detection rate of illicit drugs in urine and hair specimens. The samples were taken from subjects trying to regain their revoked driver's license after a drug‐ or alcohol‐related traffic offence. In 2010, we screened 14 000 urine and 3900 hair samples for amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, methadone, and benzodiazepines as well as for ethylglucuronide. We used the low threshold values of the new German guidelines for Medical Psychological Assessment (MPA). Positive screening tests were confirmed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) or liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).

The results show that positivity rates for methamphetamines, MDMA, cocaine, and monoacetylmorphine were 1.7‐, 5.7‐, 3.8‐ and 9.3‐fold higher in hair than in urine. In contrast, the detection rate for benzodiazepines was higher in urine than in hair (oxazepam, 0.21% versus 0%, nordiazepam 0.10% versus 0.03%). The positivity rate in hair for ethylglucuronide was 6‐fold (12.7%) that for urine testing (2.1%).

The study reveals that in the control of abstinence in the context of driving license re‐granting there are in part large differences of positivity rates for some drugs or metabolites between hair and urine samples. These differences should be kept in mind by physicians and psychologists in traffic medicine who are ordering the drug testing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,1‐Dicyano‐4‐[4‐(diethylamino)phenyl]buta‐1,3‐dienes: Structure–Property Relationships
Authors: Tancini Francesca , Wu Yi‐Lin , Schweizer W. Bernd , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Boudon Corinne , Jarowski Peter D. , Beels Marten T. , Biaggio Ivan , Diederich François
Published: March 2012

We report the synthesis and physical study of a series of 1,1‐dicyano‐4‐[4‐(diethylamino)phenyl]buta‐1,3‐dienes in which the number and position of additional CN substituents along the 1,1‐dicyanobuta‐1,3‐dienyl fragment is systematically varied. While X‐ray analysis provided unambiguous information about molecular geometries in the crystal, UV/Vis and electrochemical measurements, by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk voltammetry (RDV), revealed that introduction of additional cyano groups in the C2‐ and C4‐positions most affected the optical properties of these molecules in solution, in terms of intramolecular charge‐transfer absorption energy and intensity. A comparison with structurally related chromophores indicates that the shift of the anilino donor from position 2/3 to 4 along the butadiene scaffold results in a remarkable bathochromic shift of the ICT absorption maxima, mainly due to the higher planarity in the present series. These findings are further corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Preliminary nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements confirm the promise of the new push‐pull chromophores as third‐order nonlinear‐optical molecular materials.
Expanding the C1‐Symmetric Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene Ligand Family: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic β‐Aryl‐Substituted Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Liu Chia‐Chen , Janmanchi Damodar , Chen Chun‐Chih , Wu Hsyueh‐Liang
Published: March 2012

The efficient preparation of highly enantioenriched cyclic β‐aryl‐substituted carbonyl compounds has been achieved through the RhI‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition of an array of arylboronic acids to cyclic α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. In the presence of 0.1 or 0.5 mol‐% of the RhI/1g complex, the products of conjugate addition were isolated in 89 to 98 % ee and in good to excellent yield.
No genuine self‐forgiveness without accepting responsibility: Value reaffirmation as a key to maintaining positive self‐regard
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Woodyatt Lydia , Hedrick Kyli
Published: March 2012

Measures of self‐forgiveness that merely focus on the outcome of positive self‐regard risk neglecting the process through which offenders restore it. They may thus tap pseudo self‐forgiveness where offenders downplay their responsibility for the wrongdoing. For genuine self‐forgiveness, the process should instead involve an attenuation of the negative link between responsibility acceptance and positive self‐regard. In this paper, we examine how acts of value reaffirmation facilitate genuine self‐forgiveness. In Study 1, a role‐play experiment (N = 90), participants either confessed their wrongdoing to the victim or not. Although responsibility acceptance was strongly negatively related to reported self‐forgiveness (i.e., self‐regard), this relationship was tempered when participants confessed their wrongdoing to the victim and, through this, reaffirmed the violated values. In Study 2, a longitudinal study referring to self‐reported transgressions (N = 74), responsibility acceptance was negatively related to self‐forgiveness measures as well as self‐esteem when offenders showed little value reaffirmation, but not when they more strongly reaffirmed the violated values. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When different means bad or merely worse. How minimal and maximal goals affect ingroup projection and outgroup attitudes
Authors: Berthold Anne , Mummendey Amélie , Kessler Thomas , Luecke Bastian , Schubert Thomas
Published: March 2012

Group members tend to perceive their ingroup relative to an outgroup as more prototypical for a common superordinate group because they project features of their ingroup onto the superordinate group. As a consequence, the ingroup is perceived as more positive than the outgroup (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999). We extend the ingroup projection model by examining different types of ingroup goals: minimal and maximal goals as well as actual and ideal goals. Minimal goals should engender either‐or thinking and lead to more ingroup projection compared with maximal goals that should involve more nuanced thinking. Ingroup prototypicality in terms of ideal goals (e.g., what we ideally should strive for) was expected to show a stronger relation to outgroup attitudes than ingroup prototypicality in terms of actual goals (e.g., what we are actually striving for). We manipulated minimal and maximal goal orientation and assessed actual and ideal goals. Across two studies, relative ingroup prototypicality was higher in the minimal compared with the maximal goal condition. Moreover, ingroup prototypicality referring to ideal goals showed a stronger relation to outgroup evaluation than ingroup prototypicality referring to actual goals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silica and titania nanoparticles impact on water quality: Experiments involving Ralstonia pickettii in nutrient‐rich and poor media
Authors: Jones Lisa A. , Ogden Kimberly L.
Published: March 2012

According to CDC, the public is being bombarded with ads for cleansers, soaps, toothbrushes, and hand lotions, all containing antibacterial agents. Nanoparticles, which are materials at length scales less than 100 nm, have previously demonstrated antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. One of the hardiest bacteria is a Ralstonia pickettii species isolated from an ultrapure water (UPW) facility. These bacteria survive in water that only contains parts per trillion levels of organic and inorganic contaminants. The focus of this article is to demonstrate the effects of silica and titania nanoparticles on Ralstonia pickettii bacteria in term of growth and yields. Solutions of nanoparticles and calcium fluoride were researched for their effects on the growth rate and cell yield of Ralstonia sp. bacteria in a protein‐rich and protein‐poor media. The collective effect of CaF2 and 15 nm silica nanoparticles reduces the growth rate by 57% and the cell yield by 29% in protein‐rich media. Titania nanoparticles returned similar results, where in nutrient‐poor environments little to no growth occurred but in nutrient‐rich media, the titania and CaF2 reduced the growth rate by 64% and the cell yield by 34%. Conversely, larger silica nanoparticles in nonprotein‐rich media have negligible effects on cell yield and growth rate. The diminished bacterial growth rate provides paralleled insight into the long‐term effects of nanotechnology effluent on the United States' wastewater treatment processes, which utilize several species of bacteria. Extrapolation of these results to current toxicological studies suggests that unregulated industrial nanoparticles' expulsion may lead to degradation in water quality. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 279‐284, 2013
Preliminary findings for the production of water repellent torrefied wood pellets with pyrolysis oil
Authors: Penmetsa Venkata K. , Steele Philip H.
Published: March 2012

Torrefaction of biomass has attracted considerable attention as a means to reduce biomass weight by 70% through removal of water and the hemicellulosic fractions while retaining most of the original high‐energy cellulose and lignin content. Current torrefied wood pellets or briquettes cannot be shipped in open containers exposed to precipitation because they are not highly water resistant. A highly water repellent pelletized product is required to allow bulk shipping of torrefied wood pellets or briquettes via open railcar or by barge. We have recently developed a binder produced from biomass components that imparts the water repellent quality required to produce a torrefied product that is able to be shipped in open containers. Crushing strength of the pellets produced with this binder are high at between approximately 700 and 1100 psi. Water repellency tests indicate that upon total immersion the pellets absorb water into available pores up to 2–5%. The pellets can then be dried without unacceptable loss of strength. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Heat transfer characteristics of KIMM‐fast pyrolysis reactor
Authors: Choi Hang Seok , Choi Yeon Seok
Published: March 2012

Numerical study using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of an innovative inclined gravity‐driven reactor (KIMM‐fast pyrolysis reactor). For the simulation of multiphase flow and thermal fields, we applied an Eulerian–Eulerian approach. The flow and thermal characteristics of the reactor were fully investigated with varying inlet width, inlet location, and inclined angle of the reactor. In particular, the contributions of the solid particle flows on the wall heat transfer were studied. To scrutinize the wall heat transfer, time‐averaged wall heat transfer coefficient was obtained and probability density function between gas volume fraction and wall heat transfer coefficient was analyzed. From the predicted results, it is fully elucidated that the particle packing density and gas volume fraction mainly govern the wall heat transfer, which are closely related to particular near‐wall solid motions. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Family‐based Early Intervention for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Jones Megan , Völker Ulrike , Lock James , Taylor C. Barr , Jacobi Corinna
Published: March 2012

Objective

This study explores whether potential risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) can be modified by a family‐based Internet‐facilitated intervention and examines the feasibility, acceptability, and short‐term efficacy of the Parents Act Now programme in the USA and Germany.

Method

Forty‐six girls aged 11–17 were studied during a 12‐month period and evaluated at screening, baseline, and post‐intervention. Parents participated in the six‐week intervention.

Results

Twenty‐four per cent of girls (n = 791) screened met the risk criteria for AN. Parents accessed the majority of the online sessions and rated the programme favourably. At post‐assessment, 16 of 19 participants evidenced reduced risk status. Participants remained stable or increased in ideal body weight and reported decreased eating disorder attitudes and behaviours.

Discussion

Results suggest that an easily disseminated, brief, online programme with minimal therapist support is feasible, accepted favourably by parents, and may be beneficial for prevention of exacerbation of AN pathology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Revision und Phylogenie der Arten der Gattung Melica L. (Poaceae) in Eurasien und Nordafrika
Authors: Hempel Werner
Published: March 2012

Die Studie präsentiert eine monographische Revision der Gattung Melica in Eurasien. Viele Sippen konnten auf Forschungsreisen in die zentralasiatischen und kaukasischen Republiken sowie in die Mongolei in Feldstudien analysiert werden. Später fogten weitere Feldstudien auch auf den Kanaren, in Frankreich, Italien, Griechenland und auf Kreta, so dass ein Überblick über viele Sippen in ihren Lebensräumen gewonnen werden konnte. Dabei standen Morphologie, Anatomie und Systematik im Vordergrund. Eine wesentliche Grundlage der Arbeit ist die Analyse von 15.000 Herbarbelegen. Die Bearbeitung umfasst dichotome Bestimmungsschlüssel von den Untergattungen bis zu den den untersten verwendeten taxonomischen Einheiten. Erstmals wurde auch die gesamte russische Literatur in eine derartige Monographie einbezogen. Insgesamt werden 119 Taxa beschrieben und geschlüsselt. Darüber hinaus werden Schlussfolgerungen zur Evolution und Phylogeographie diskutiert und in 9 Schemata dargestellt. Alle Taxa werden in ihren wesentlichen Merkmalen abgebildet und ihre Verbreitung in Arealkarten dargestellt. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MC1R, ASIP, TYR, and TYRP1 gene variants in a population‐based series of multiple primary melanomas
Authors: Helsing Per , Nymoen Dag A , Rootwelt Helge , Vårdal Mari , Akslen Lars A. , Molven Anders , Andresen Per A.
Published: March 2012

Allelic variants of the low‐penetrance melanoma gene MC1R increase the risk of both melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer. Common variants of the genes ASIP, TYR, and TYRP1, which regulate the melanogenic pathway, have also been shown to associate with melanoma. In this population‐based study, we investigated SNPs of MC1R, ASIP, TYR, and TYRP1 as risk factors for development of multiple primary melanomas (MPM) in 388 Norwegian cases. The MPM patients had a significantly higher likelihood of carrying any MC1R variant than the control group of 420 blood donors [86.8 vs. 78.3%, OR = 1.73, and confidence intervals (CI) 1.18–2.52]. When MC1R variants were analyzed individually, Asp84Glu and Arg151Cys were significantly more frequent among the MPM cases than among the controls (OR = 5.77, CI 1.97–16.90, and OR = 1.80, CI 1.36–2.37, respectively). In addition, there was an allele dose‐dependent increase in MPM risk for carriers of red hair color (RHC) MC1R variants. The AH haplotype of ASIP was also a significant risk factor for MPM development (OR = 1.72 and CI 1.12–2.49), whereas no association was observed for previously reported risk variants of the TYR and TYRP1 genes. In summary, by using a population‐based material of high‐risk melanoma cases, we demonstrate a significant effect of both MC1R RHC variants and an ASIP haplotype, but could not replicate an association with postulated risk SNPs of TYR and TYRP1. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genomic and clinical analysis of fusion gene amplification in rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Duan Fenghai , Smith Lynette M. , Gustafson Donna M. , Zhang Chune , Dunlevy Mandy J. , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Barr Frederic G.
Published: March 2012

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive pediatric cancer of the myogenic lineage with frequent chromosomal translocations involving the PAX3 or PAX7 and FOXO1 genes. Based on previous studies indicating that the fusion genes are amplified in a subset of these cancers, we conducted a comprehensive molecular and clinical investigation of these amplification events. Using oligonucleotide arrays to localize amplicons, we found that the minimal 1p36 amplicon measured 0.13 Mb and only contained PAX7 whereas the minimal 13q14 amplicon measured 0.53 Mb and contained FOXO1 and the poorly characterized LOC646982 gene. Application of a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to over 100 fusion‐positive cases revealed that the fusion gene is amplified in 93% of PAX7‐FOXO1‐positive and 9% of PAX3‐FOXO1‐positive cases. While most cells in amplified PAX7‐FOXO1‐positive cases contained the amplicon, only a fraction of cells in the amplified PAX3‐FOXO1‐positive cases contained the amplicon. Expression studies demonstrated that the fusion transcripts were generally expressed at higher levels in amplified cases, and that the PAX7‐FOXO1 fusion transcript was expressed at higher levels than the PAX3‐FOXO1 fusion transcript. Finally, fusion gene amplification and PAX7‐FOXO1 fusion status were each associated with significantly improved outcome; a multivariate analysis demonstrated that this predictive value was independent of other standard prognostic parameters. These findings therefore provide further evidence for a novel good prognosis subset of fusion‐positive RMS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retinotopic mapping of the peripheral visual field to human visual cortex by functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wu Jinglong , Yan Tianyi , Zhang Zhen , Jin Fengzhe , Guo Qiyong
Published: March 2012

Retinotopic mapping is a key property of organization in the human occipital cortex. The retinotopic organization of the central visual field of visual areas V1, V2, and V3 has been well established. We used fMRI to measure the retinotopic map of the peripheral visual field (eccentricity up to 60°). We estimated the sizes of the visual areas between 0° and 60° and obtained results consistent with anatomical studies. We also estimated the cortical distances and magnification factors for reconstruction of the retinotopic map using the peripheral wedge dipole model. By comparing the retinotopic map with the flattened surface, we analyzed the datasets used to reconstruct the map. We found that: (1) the percentage of the striate cortex devoted to peripheral vision in humans is significantly larger than that in the macaque, (2) the estimate of the scaling factor in linear magnification is larger than that found in previous studies focusing on central vision, and (3) the estimate of the peripheral factor in the dipolar model is too large to make the curve direction of the dipolar map in the periphery equivalent to that in the center. On the basis of our results, we revised the dipolar map to fit our conditions. The revised map in humans has a similar elliptical shape to that of macaques, and the central parts of the two species are the same. The different parts of the map are the peripheral regions, for which the peripheral wedge dipole model in humans is reversed compared to that of macaques. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interindividual variation in serum cholesterol is associated with regional white matter tissue integrity in older adults
Authors: Williams Victoria J. , Leritz Elizabeth C. , Shepel Juli , McGlinchey Regina E. , Milberg William P. , Rudolph James L. , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Salat David H.
Published: March 2012

Prior research has demonstrated links among vascular health and the occurrence of stroke, mild cognitive decline, and dementia in older adults. However, little is known about whether normal variation in vascular indicators may be related to changes in neural tissue integrity. Even less is known about how the brain is affected by cholesterol levels in the normal to moderate risk range, leading up to overt disease pathology. This study examined associations between serum lipid levels and DTI indicators of white matter (WM) structural integrity in a sample of 125 generally healthy older adults aged 43–87 years. Whole‐brain voxelwise analysis, controlling for age and gender, revealed low density lipoprotein levels (LDL) as the most robust correlate of regional WM structural integrity of the measured lipids. Higher LDL was associated with decreased WM integrity in right frontal and temporal regions, the superior longitudinal fasciculus and internal/external capsules. Increasing LDL was associated with increased radial and axial diffusivity; however, more widespread statistical effects were found for radial diffusivity. These findings suggest that normal interindividual variation in lipid levels is associated with compromised regional WM integrity, even in individuals below clinical thresholds for hyperlipidemia. Given the prevalence of cholesterol‐associated sequelae in older adults, and mounting evidence suggesting a vascular role in the etiology of dementia, the current data suggest that understanding the relationship between cholesterol and brain tissue microstructure may have important clinical implications for early detection of vascular‐related cognitive disorders and optimal regulation of serum lipids to maintain neural health in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential roles of inferior frontal and inferior parietal cortex in task switching: Evidence from stimulus‐categorization switching and response‐modality switching
Authors: Philipp Andrea M. , Weidner Ralph , Koch Iring , Fink Gereon R.
Published: March 2012

We used fMRI to investigate both common and differential neural mechanisms underlying two distinct types of switching requirements, namely switching between stimulus categorizations (color vs. form) and switching between response modalities (hand vs. foot responses). Both types of switching induced similar behavioral shift costs. However, at the neural level, switching between stimulus categorizations led to left‐hemispheric activations including the inferior frontal gyrus as well as the intraparietal sulcus extending to the superior parietal gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus. In contrast, switching between response modalities was associated mainly with left‐hemispheric activation of the intraparietal sulcus and the supramarginal gyrus. A conjunction analysis indicated common activation of the left intraparietal sulcus and the supramarginal gyrus for both types of switching. Together, these results qualify previous claims about a general role of the left prefrontal cortex in task control by suggesting that the left inferior frontal gyrus is specifically involved in switching between stimulus categorizations, whereas parietal cortex is more generally implicated in the selection of action rules. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and antiosteoclast activity of Di(1‐oxo/thioxoperhydro‐1λ5‐[1,3,2] diazaphospholo [1,5‐a]pyridine‐1‐yl) (4‐substituted phenyl) boronates
Authors: Reddy G. Chandra Sekhar , Reddy M. Veera Narayana , Rani C. Radha , Reddy N. Bakthavatchala , Rao K. Uma Maheswara , Nayak S.K. , Reddy C. Suresh
Published: March 2012

A new family of di(1‐oxo/thioxoper‐hydro‐1λ5‐[1,3,2]diazaphospholo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐1‐yl)(4‐substituted phenyl) boronates (4a–j) has been synthesized in a two‐step process. A reaction of (±)‐piperidin‐2‐yl‐methanamine (1) phosphoryl/phosphorothioyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine in dry tetrahydrofuran formed the intermediate monochloride (2), which on condensation with p‐substituted phenylboronic acids (3a–j) afforded the titled compounds (4a–j). They were characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and mass spectral analyses. All these compounds showed moderate to high antiosteoclast and osteoblast activity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:247–253, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21010
CCR5 plays an important role in resolving an inflammatory response to single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Park Eun‐Jung , Roh Jinkyu , Kim Soo Nam , Kim Younghun , Han Sang‐Bae , Hong Jin Tae
Published: March 2012

Owing to the development of new materials and technology, the pollutants in the environment are becoming more varied and complex over time. In our previous study using ICR mice, we suggested that a single intratracheal instillation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) induced early lung fibrosis and subchronic tissue damage. In the present study, to investigate the role of CCR5 in inflammatory responses to the uptake of SWCNTs, we compared BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage) cell composition, cell cycles, cytokines, cell phenotypes, inflammatory response‐related proteins, cell surface receptors and histopathology using CCR5 knockout (KO) and wild‐type mice. Results showed that the distribution of neutrophils in BAL fluid significantly decreased in KO mice. The expression of apoptosis‐related proteins including caspase‐3, p53, phospho‐p53, p21 and cleaved PARP, TGF βl and mesothelin markedly increased in KO mice compared with wild‐type mice. Histopathological lesions were also more frequently noted in KO mice. Moreover, the secretion of IL‐13 and IL‐17 with IL‐6 significantly increased in KO mice compared with wild‐type mice, whereas that of IL‐12 significantly decreased in comparison to wild‐type mice. The distribution of B cells and CD8+ T cells was predominant in the inflammatory responses in KO mice, whereas that of T cells and CD4+ T cells was predominant in the inflammatory responses in wild‐type mice. Furthermore, the expression of CCR4 and CCR7 significantly increased in KO mice. Based on these results, we suggest that the absence of CCR5 delays the resolution of inflammatory responses triggered by SWCNTs inflowing into the lungs and shifts inflammatory response for SWCNTs clearance from Th1‐type to Th2‐type. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of nanometer smoothness and fibronectin immobilization of titanium surface on MC3T3‐E1 cell behavior
Authors: Yoshida Eiji , Yoshimura Yoshitaka , Uo Motohiro , Yoshinari Masao , Hayakawa Tohru
Published: March 2012

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of mechanical treatment, namely, nanometer smoothing (Ra: approximately 2.0 nm) and sandblasting (Ra: approximately 1.0 μm), as well as biochemical treatment, namely, fibronectin immobilization, of a titanium surface on osteoblast‐like cell behavior. Cell proliferation was monitored by measurements of DNA content and ALP activity; osteocalcin production and mineralization behavior were also evaluated, in addition to morphological observation of attached cells. Fibronectin could be immobilized by the tresyl chloride‐activation method. A sandblasted surface resulted in significantly more DNA than a nanometer‐smooth surface, but fibronectin immobilization did not result in a significant increase of DNA at 52 days of cell culture. The nanometer‐smooth surface showed highest ALP activity and osteocalcin production. FN immobilization decreased ALP activity for the nanometer‐smooth surface, but increased it for the sandblasted surface. The nanometer‐smooth surface also showed the highest osteocalcin production. Scanning electron microscopy showed interesting phenomena of the attached cells. Attached cell area was more rapidly increased on the nanometer‐smooth surface than on the sandblasted surface. It was suggested that cultured cells on the nanometer‐smooth surface began to spread earlier and that the proportion of spreading cells among total attached cells increased sooner on the nanometer‐smooth surface than on the sandblasted rough surface. It appeared that FN immobilization influenced the arrangement of attached cells. In conclusion, the nanometer‐smooth surface employed in the present study was beneficial for the differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. FN immobilization influenced the morphologies of attached cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.
Monocyte proliferation and differentiation to osteoclasts is affected by density of collagen covalently bound to a poly(dimethyl siloxane) culture surface
Authors: Shafieyan Yousef , Tiedemann Kerstin , Goulet Andrew , Komarova Svetlana , Quinn Thomas M.
Published: March 2012

Osteoclast differentiation is affected by substrate characteristics and environmental conditions; these parameters are therefore of interest for understanding bone remodeling. As a step toward osteoclast mechanotransduction experiments, we aimed to optimize conditions for osteoclast differentiation on extendable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrates. Because cells attach poorly on PDMS alone, chemical modification by covalent attachment of collagen type I was performed. Effects of collagen surface concentrations on monocyte fusion and osteoclast differentiation were examined. Osteoclasts differentiated on modified PDMS were fewer in number (by ∼50%) than controls on polystyrene physically modified by nonspecific attachment of collagen, and exhibited somewhat different morphologies. Nevertheless, for certain choices of the chemical modification procedures, appropriate differentiation on PDMS was still evident by qRT‐PCR analysis for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) and cathepsin K (CTSK) gene expression, positive TRAP staining, fluorescent phalloidin staining showing actin ring formation and bone resorption assays. At relatively high collagen surface densities, monocyte clumps appeared on PDMS suggesting substrate‐induced alterations to monocyte fusion. Covalently bound collagen can therefore be used to promote osteoclast differentiation on extendable PDMS substrates. Under appropriate conditions osteoclasts retain similar functionality as on polystyrene, which will enable future studies of osteoclast interactions with microstructured surfaces and mechanostimulation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.
Local tissue reaction after the application of topical hemostatic agents in a rat partial nephrectomy model
Authors: Chalupová Marta , Suchý Pavel , Pražanová Gabriela , Bartošová Ladislava , Sopuch Tomáš , Havelka Pavel
Published: March 2012

Various hemostatics are used for renal surgical procedures. We investigated the hemostatic efficacy of cellulose derivatives on the model of partial nephrectomy in rats focusing on the local reaction of renal parenchyma. A total of 50 Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 10 animals each. Partial nephrectomy of the caudal pole without hilar vascular control was performed. Oxidized cellulose (OC), sodium salt of oxycellulose (OCN), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), dialdehyde cellulose (DAC), and gelatin‐based hemostatic (C) were applied to the bleeding wounds. The time to hemostasis was monitored. Half of the animals were euthanized after 3 days, the second half 30 days from the experiment start date. The left kidney was excised and subjected to histopathological examination. The biochemical data was subjected to statistical analysis. The time to hemostasis in all groups was significantly less than in the C group (in OC p = 0.0057, OCN p = 0.0039, CMC and DAC p = 0.0001). In the C group, massive hemorrhages and necrosis did occur. In the OC and OCN groups, there were regenerative changes, a receding inflammatory reaction and hemorrhage. DAC caused an immune reaction and massive interstitial hemorrhages with biochemical signs of liver damage. Parenchyma in CMC revealed a reduction of necrosis and interstitial hemorrhages with regenerative processes. The most effective hemostatics were CMC and OC, achieving the best results both in the time to hemostasis, and for histopathological evaluation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.
Human chorionic gonadotropin interactions with immobilized anti‐hCG studied by quartz‐crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring
Authors: Chung Natalie N. , Hamlin Rebecca E. , Zwang Theodore J. , Johal Malkiat S.
Published: March 2012

Previous studies have found that commercial human pregnancy tests are often too insensitive to function to their advertised >99% accuracy. Improper orientation of proteins used for recognition of ligands in sensors can often prevent the binding site from being available to the ligand, thereby decreasing sensor sensitivity. We have developed a simple method for the immobilization of anti‐human chorionic gonadotropin on a sensor surface that maximizes its sensitivity by ensuring ligand binding sites are exposed and densely packed. This surface also has an improved regenerative capacity over previously reported human chorionic gonadotropin sensors, retaining 99% of initial sensitivity after six regeneration cycles with 8M urea. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.
Enhancement of bony in‐growth to metal implants by combining controlled hydroxyapatite coating and heat treatment
Authors: Oron Amir , Agar Gauriel , Oron Uri , Stein Anat
Published: March 2012

The rate of bony in‐growth to heat‐treated and controlled hydroxyapatite metal implants made of either titanium alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4V) or stainless steel (SS) 316L inserted to the medullar canal of the femur in rats was investigated. It was found that while partial coverage of hydroxyapatite (HA) did not cause a significant elevation of their bonding strength when compared with nonheated implants, HA, and heat treatment caused a significant (p < 0.01) elevation of 3.1‐fold in the bonding strength of the implants to the host bone. A similar phenomenon to that found for the titanium alloy implants was found to be true for the SS implants as well. It is concluded that the novel approach presented in this article, that is, to heat treat implants as well as controlled partial coating of them by HA, prior to their insertion to host bone, produce an enhancement of bone growth to metal implants greater than utilization of each method alone. Our findings may be used to further enhance bony in‐growth to metal implants in several clinical settings, producing avid implants with superior integration capabilities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.
Improving cellular function and immune protection via layer‐by‐layer nanocoating of pancreatic islet β‐cell spheroids cocultured with mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Bhaiji Tasneem , Zhi Zheng‐Liang , Pickup John C.
Published: March 2012

Islet transplantation as a therapy for type 1 diabetes is currently limited by lack of primary transplant material from human donors and post‐transplantation loss of islets caused by adverse immune and nonimmune reactions. This study aimed to develop a novel strategy to create microenvironment for islets via integration of nanoencapsulation with cell cocultures, thereby enhancing their survival and function. The nanoencapsulation was achieved via layer‐by‐layer deposition of phosphorycholine‐modified poly‐L‐lysine/heparin leading to the formation of nanometer‐thick multilayer coating on islets. Spheroids formed by coculturing MIN6 β‐cells with mesenchymal stem cells in suspension were used as the tool for testing encapsulation. Coculturing MSCs with MIN6 cells allowed the cell constructs to enhance structural and morphologic stability with improved insulin secretory function and render them less susceptible to inflammatory cytokine‐induced apoptosis. Combining nanoencapsulation with coculture of MSCs/MIN6 resulted in higher glucose responsiveness, and lower antibody binding and apoptosis‐inducing effects of cytokines. This strategy of nanoencapsulating islet cocultures appears promising to improve cellular delivery of insulin for treating type 1 diabetes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
In vitro assessment of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus adhesion on TiO2 nanotubes on Ti–6Al–4V alloy
Authors: Pérez‐Jorge Concepción , Conde Ana , Arenas Maria A. , Pérez‐Tanoira Ramón , Matykina Endhze , de Damborenea Juan J. , Gómez‐Barrena Enrique , Esteban Jaime
Published: March 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate Staphylococcus sp. adhesion to modified surfaces of titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). Specimens of Ti–6Al–4V alloy 6‐4 ELI‐grade 23 that meets the requirements of ASTM F136 2002A (AMS 2631B class A1) were anodized in a mixture of sulfuric/hydrofluoric acid at 20 V for 5 and 60 min to form nanoporous (NP) and nanotubular (NT) oxide layers with pore diameter of 20 and 100 nm, respectively. The amount of fluorine incorporated in the oxide films from the electrolyte was 6 and 4 wt %, respectively. Bacterial adherence was studied using laboratory strains and six clinical strains each of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lower adherence of laboratory strains was demonstrated on fluoride nanostructured surfaces in comparison with the fluoride‐free surfaces. Significant differences between clinical strains and laboratory strains were also found (p < 0.0001, Kruskal–Wallis test) when NP and NT specimens were compared with chemically polished (CP) surfaces. The results of the tests using multiple clinical strains confirmed a decrease in bacterial adherence on F‐containing titanium oxide surfaces, suggesting a potential applicability of this surface, with a confirmed added value of decreasing clinical staphylococci adherence, for medical prosthetic devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Electrospinning adipose tissue‐derived extracellular matrix for adipose stem cell culture
Authors: Francis Michael P. , Sachs Patrick C. , Madurantakam Parthasarathy A. , Sell Scott A. , Elmore Lynne W. , Bowlin Gary L. , Holt Shawn E.
Published: March 2012

Basement membrane‐rich extracellular matrices, particularly murine sarcoma‐derived Matrigel, play important roles in regenerative medicine research, exhibiting marked cellular responsesin vitroandin vivo, although with limited clinical applications. We find that a human‐derived matrix from lipoaspirate fat, a tissue rich in basement membrane components, can be fabricated by electrospinning and used to support cell culture. We describe practical applications and purification of extracellular matrix (ECM) from adipose tissue (At‐ECM) and its use in electrospinning scaffolds and adipose stem cell (ASC) culture. The matrix composition of this purified and electrospun At‐ECM was assessed histochemically for basement membrane, connective tissue, collagen, elastic fibers/elastin, glycoprotein, and proteoglycans. Each histochemical stain was positive in fat tissue, purified At‐ECM, and electrospun At‐ECM, and to some extent positive in a 10:90 blend with polydioxanone (PDO). We also show that electrospun At‐ECM, alone and blended with PDO, supports ASC attachment and growth, suggesting that electrospun At‐ECM scaffolds support ASC cultivation. These studies show that At‐ECM can be isolated and electrospun as a basement membrane‐rich tissue engineering matrix capable of supporting stem cells, providing the groundwork for an array of future regenerative medicine advances. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles with varying silica‐coating layer for use in biomedicine: Physicochemical and magnetic properties, and cellular compatibility
Authors: Singh Rajendra K. , Kim Tae‐Hyun , Patel Kapil D. , Knowles Jonathan C. , Kim Hae‐Won
Published: March 2012

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are considered highly useful in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, MNPs require surface modification to promote dispersibility in aqueous solutions and thus biocompatibility. In this article, the authors modified MNPs with inorganic silica layer to create silica‐coated magnetite nanoparticles (MNP@Si) via sol–gel process. Synthesis involves hydrolysis and condensation steps using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in methanol/ polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution and ammonia catalyst. Nanoparticles were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, crystalline phase, chemical‐bond structure, surface charge and magnetic properties: in particular, the MNP@Si size was easily tunable through alteration of the Fe3O4‐to‐TEOS ratio. As this ratio increased, the MNP@Si size decreased from 270 to 15 nm whilst maintaining core 12‐nm MNP particle size, indicating decrease in thickness of the silica coating. All MNP@Si, in direct contrast to uncoated MNPs, showed excellent stability in aqueous solution. The particles' physicochemical and magnetic properties systematically varied with size (coating thickness), and the zeta potential diminished toward negative values, while magnetization increased as the coating thickness decreased. 15‐nm MNP@Si showed excellent magnetization (about 64.1 emu/g), almost comparable to that of uncoated MNPs (70.8 emu/g). Preliminary in vitro assays confirmed that the silica layer significantly reduced cellular toxicity as assessed by increase in cell viability and reduction in reactive oxygen species production during 48 h of culture. Newly‐developed MNP@Si, with a high capacity for magnetization, water‐dispersibility, and diminished cell toxicity, may be potentially useful in diverse biomedical applications, including delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic biomolecules. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Porous polycaprolactone/nanohydroxyapatite tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated by combining NaCl and PEG as co‐porogens: Structure, property, and chondrocyte–scaffold interaction in vitro
Authors: Liu Li , Wang Yuanyuan , Guo Shengrong , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Wei
Published: March 2012

In this study, porous polycaprolactone/nanohydroxyapatite (PCL/nHA) composite scaffolds were fabricated using a modified melt‐molding/leaching technique, by the combination of salt particulate (NaCl) and water‐soluble polymer (PEG) as co‐porogens. The porogens were kept at a constant proportion of 70% in the blends but varied in the NaCl/PEG ratio and the PEG variety to generate PCL/nHA scaffolds with various pore architectures. The resultant composite scaffolds were investigated on their morphologies, physicochemical properties, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation. The cell–scaffold interactions were evaluated in vitro using chondrocyte. Generally, the PCL/nHA scaffolds exhibited multimodal pore morphologies consisting of macropores and interconnected micropores, created by the extraction of NaCl particulate and continuous PEG phase. The evolution of porogens led to much effect on the overall pore architecture of the scaffolds; subsequently, their physiochemical and mechanical properties and degradation behaviors, as well as the cell binding and proliferation. The PCL/nHA scaffold prepared from NaCl/PEG 4000 (20/50) presented more macropores (>50 μm) with interconnectivity and showed higher strength and improved bioactivity than the others. All of these results suggest promising potentials of PCL/nHA scaffolds developed in this study desired for cartilage tissue engineering. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
MicroRNAs miR‐96, miR‐124, and miR‐199a regulate gene expression in human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Laine Salla K. , Alm Jessica J. , Virtanen Sanna P. , Aro Hannu T. , Laitala‐Leinonen Tiina K.
Published: March 2012

MicroRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs that control gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level by binding to 3′‐untranslated regions (3′‐UTR) of their target mRNAs. They present a promising tool to delineate the molecular mechanisms regulating differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and to improve the controlled differentiation of hMSCs in therapeutic applications. Here we show that three microRNAs, miR‐96, miR‐124, and miR‐199a, were differentially expressed during osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic induction of human bone marrow‐derived MSCs. miR‐96 expression was increased during osteogenesis and adipogenesis, but not during chondrogenesis. miR‐124 was exclusively expressed in adipocytes, whereas miR‐199a was upregulated in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Furthermore, functional studies with synthetic miRNA precursors and inhibitors demonstrated that miR‐96, miR‐124, and miR‐199a regulated the expression of genes important for hMSC differentiation, such as aggrecan, transcription factor SOX9, and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Modulation of miR‐96, miR‐124, and miR‐199a expression may thus be useful in specific targeting of hMSC differentiation, for e.g., MSC‐based therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2687–2695, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overexpression of forkhead box J2 can decrease the migration of breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Yingying , Yang Shuyun , Ni Qichao , He Song , Zhao Yunhong , Yuan Qin , Li Chunmiao , Chen Hongwei , Zhang Li , Zou Lin , Shen Aiguo , Cheng Chun
Published: March 2012

The prognosis of breast cancer patients with metastases is generally poor, so it is essential to elucidate related molecules mechanisms. Forkhead Box J2 (FOXJ2) is a member of Forkhead Box transcription factors, many of which have been reported to participate in tumor migration and invasion. In this study, we showed the expression of FOXJ2 was higher in primary breast cancer tissues without lymph nodes metastases than those with, and there was statistical significance between the expression of FXOJ2 and the clinical factors. Hence, we identified a novel function of metastasis, which was not previously known for FOXJ2. Overexpression of FOXJ2 decreased the motility property of highly migrative MDA‐MB‐231 cells in vitro by wound healing assays and trans‐well migration assays, and it was concurrent with the increased expression of epithelial marker E‐cadherin and the decreased expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin by Western blot analysis, reverse transcription PCR analysis, and immunofluorescence analysis. Consistent with these observations, the repression of FOXJ2 in weakly metastatic MCF‐7 cells remarkably promoted cellular motility. Our study demonstrates that FOXJ2 can inhibit the metastasis of human breast cancer by regulating the EMT key markers E‐cadherin and vimentin. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2729–2737, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.