bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and quality evaluation of multivitamin fortified low‐fat biscuits
Authors: Pattnaik Monalisha , Mishra Hari Niwas
Published: July 2022

Multivitamin encapsulated nanoparticles that were produced by using a lipid‐based emulsion template were incorporated to fortify biscuits to obtain a low‐fat nutrient‐enriched food product. The present study involves the development of biscuits containing vitamins (A, D, B9 and B12) both in free (C1) and encapsulated form (C2). The quality attributes of the developed biscuits were further evaluated by determining their change in functional groups, textural properties, rheological characteristics and physical morphology. The storage modulus (G') was higher than loss modulus (G"), suggesting a viscous nature of the dough (C1 and C2); meanwhile, C2 had a harder and a crispier texture than C1 (hardness: 30.06 N > 15.84 N; fracturability: 15.84 > 26.18 N). FTIR spectra of C2 showed higher retention of nutritional attributes in baking conditions as compared to C1. SEM images demonstrate that C2 has a regular/spherical‐shaped morphology (size: 8.3 mm) with minimal fissures sustaining the baking conditions than C1 (size: 6.7 mm). The cumulative release (%) for all the vitamins of biscuits containing encapsulated nanoparticles (C2) was relatively low (i.e. ca. 1.1–2.6 times), indicating a good bioavailability and thermal stability of the fortified food product.
Is high‐frequency ultrasound a useful process to add value to out of specification strawberries, raspberries and blackberries industrially?
Authors: Hooper Matthew , McNeilly Alison D. , Schaschke Carl , Wilkin Jonathan D.
Published: July 2022

Bioactive ingredients can be extracted from surplus soft fruits to add value to them as a fortification ingredient in many new products. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction and spray drying have been heavily studied in the past, with evidence to suggest the positive uptake of these by the food industry. In this paper, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries were examined using a distilled water ‘green’ extraction method with assisted high‐frequency ultrasound and concentration through spray drying. The results showed that crop year and variety had more impact on bioactive concentration than extraction through high‐frequency ultrasound. Two different machines were examined for differences between a cold extraction of water, and a 700 and 2000 Hz industrially relevant probes. Typically, total phenolic content (TPC) was lower in strawberries and blackberries than the control for both methods, however raspberries had a higher GAE mg ml−1 for the 2000 Hz ultrasound than the control. For Radical scavenging (RS) percentage using DPPH Blackberries had higher RS % than the control, whereas strawberries and raspberries had less than the control. These results suggest that ultrasound as a singular method for extracting valuable bioactive ingredients is not suitable with water as the solvent.
Consumer perception of insects as food: Mexico as an example of the importance of studying socio‐economic and geographical differences for decision‐making in food development
Authors: Escalante‐Aburto Anayansi , Rodríguez‐Sifuentes Lucio , Ozuna César , Mariscal‐Moreno Rosa María , Mulík Stanislav , Guiné Raquel , Chuck‐Hernández Cristina
Published: July 2022

Mexico is a multi‐diverse country where insect consumption has been associated with traditional practices. Nevertheless, there are no studies regarding differences in entomophagy within the country to get specific insights into consumers' perceptions. A total of 3125 Mexicans answered a national survey related to demographic indicators and aspects of edible insects. The χ2 test was used (P < 0.05) to analyse the data. Results showed that a national average of 74% had consumed insects, mainly from the south and centre. Demographic characteristics demonstrated that the northern region had a significantly higher monthly income (>952 USD) and educational level (postgraduate), declaring a consumption of ‘once in a lifetime’ (more than 50%). The word clouds analysis showed remarkable differences among regions, in the north and centre the word ‘curiosity’ was the most found; in the central region, the word ‘chapulines’ (grasshoppers); and in the south, the term ‘gastronomy’. Marketing aspects such as availability, price and variety significantly trigger increasing insect consumption by understanding regional differences to produce specific strategies and formulations.
Effects of innovative gelation and modified tapioca starches on the physicochemical properties of surimi gel during frozen storage
Authors: Mao Min , Jia Ru , Gao Yuanpei , Yang Wenge , Tong Jingjing , Xia Geran
Published: July 2022

This study presented a comparative evaluation of the effects of 5% tapioca starch, acetylated distarch phosphate and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HPDSP) on the changes in surimi gel quality after the traditional gelation procedure (suwari‐cooking‐freezing) and a novel gelation procedure (suwari‐freezing‐cooking, SFC). Overall, subjected to the SFC procedure, lower hydrophobic interactions, lower total sulphydryl group content, higher disulphide bond content and a more orderly protein conformation was observed in the HPDSP‐surimi gel. These changes resulted in smaller drip loss, stabler breaking force and deformation, and less structural damage during frozen storage. Since the strongest hydrophilicity of HPDSP and the lowest gelatinisation temperature (63.15 °C), when it was reheated and then gelatinized, it interacted more closely with the protein. These findings indicated that subjected to the SFC procedure, the addition of 5% HPDSP effectively decreased the changes in the quality of the surimi gel.
Lipid oxidation product nonenal and myoglobin oxidation
Authors: Germolus Clayton B. , Rehman Usman N. , Ramahi Amjad A. , Jue Thomas
Published: July 2022

Provocative studies have proposed that the common 9 carbon lipid oxidation product, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE), increases myoglobin (Mb) autoxidation. Oxidised Mb (Fe3+ Mb or metMb) formation leads to an unappealing meat discoloration. Since Mb also facilitates lipid oxidation, an HNE induced increase in Mb autoxidation would constitute a positive feedback loop. However, NMR studies have noted that only fatty acids with carbon chain length exceeding 10 can significantly bind to Mb. They predict that HNE should not interact with Mb. The present study has used optical and NMR spectroscopy methods to determine if HNE interacts with Mb and if that interaction leads to an increased oxidation of Mb. The study finds no convincing evidence that HNE interacts with Mb and accelerates Mb autoxidation or oxidation by electron transfer. However, the presence of ethanol in the solution will increase Mb oxidation.
Impact ofCOVID‐19 on childhood obesity: Data from a paediatric weight management trial
Authors: Trivedi Michelle , Frisard Christine , Crawford Sybil , Bram Jennifer , Geller Alan C. , Pbert Lori
Published: July 2022

There is growing concern that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is exacerbating childhood obesity. We sought to examine the effects of the pandemic on weight and weight‐related behaviours among children with overweight and obesity participating in an ongoing cluster randomized controlled trial of a paediatric practice‐based weight intervention with 2 study arms: nutritionist‐delivered coaching telephone calls over 8 weeks with an accompanying workbook on lifestyle changes versus the same workbook in eight mailings without nutritionist coaching calls. In a pooled, secondary analysis of 373 children in central Massachusetts (aged 8–12 years, 29% Latinx, 55% White, 8% Black), the monthly rate of BMI increase more than doubled for those children whose 6‐month study visit occurred post‐pandemic onset (n = 91) compared to children whose 6‐month study visit occurred pre‐pandemic onset (n = 282) (0.13 kg/m2versus 0.05 kg/m2; ratio = 2.47,p = 0.02). The post‐pandemic onset group also had a significant decrease in activity levels (β−8.18 MVPA minutes/day,p = 0.01). Caloric intake and screen time did not differ between the pre‐ and post‐pandemic onset groups. These findings show that after the start of the pandemic, children with overweight and obesity experienced an increase in weight and decrease in activity levels. This data can inform public health strategies to address pandemic‐related effects on childhood obesity.
Periodontitis may impair the homeostasis of systemic bone through regulation of gut microbiota in ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Li Lili , Wang Min , Bao Jun , Wang Nannan , Huang Yuezhen , He Shasha , Chen Bin , Yan Fuhua
Published: July 2022

Aim

To investigate whether periodontitis impacts bone homeostasis via gut microbiota regulation.

Materials and Methods

Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligatures (LIG group). ApoE−/− mice were employed as a model with weakened bone homeostasis. Bone turnover was evaluated through micro‐computerized tomography, haematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections, osteoblast and osteoclast biomarkers in the bone and serum. Gut microbiota was analysed through 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Serum concentrations of cytokines were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The role of gut microbiota was evaluated through their transplantation into antibiotic‐treated mice.

Results

Periodontitis significantly increased the number of osteoclasts and the expression of the osteoclast biomarkers in the proximal tibia of ApoE−/− mice, with the RANKL/OPG (receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand/osteoprotegerin) ratio significantly increased, which indicated the osteoclastic activity overwhelmed osteogenesis. Meanwhile, periodontitis altered the composition of gut microbiota and induced low‐grade inflammation in the colon and blood circulation. Interestingly, the concentration of circulating tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐17A, and monocyte chemotactic factor‐1 were positively correlated with faecal α1‐antitrypsin and calprotectin, as well as serum OPG and RANKL. Furthermore, transplantation of gut microbiota from mice with periodontitis to antibiotic‐treated mice could partially re‐capitulate the phenotypes in the bone and colon.

Conclusion

Periodontitis may impair systemic bone homeostasis through gut microbiota.
Evolution and dosage compensation of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) mediated by mobile elements in turtles with female (ZZ/ZW) but not with male (XX/XY) heterogamety
Authors: Montiel Eugenia E. , Badenhorst Daleen , Lee LingSze , Valenzuela Nicole
Published: July 2022

Understanding the evolution and regulation of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) is important to elucidate genome structure and function. This is because ribosomal gene (rDNA) copy number and activity mediate protein biosynthesis, stress response, ageing, disease, dosage compensation and genome stability. Here, we found contrasting dosage compensation of sex‐linked NORs in turtles with male and female heterogamety. Most taxa examined exhibit homomorphic rRNA gene clusters in a single autosome pair (determined by 28S rDNA fluorescence in situ hybridization), whereas NORs are sex‐linked in Apalone spinifera, Pelodiscus sinensis and Staurotypus triporcatus. Full‐dosage compensation upregulates the male X‐NOR (determined via silver staining—AgNOR) in Staurotypus (who lacks Y‐NOR) compared with female X‐AgNORs. In softshell Apalone and Pelodiscus, who share homologous ZZ/ZW micro‐chromosomes, their enlarged W‐NOR is partially active (due to 28S rDNA invasion by R2 retroelements), whereas their smaller Z‐NOR is silent in females but active in both male‐Zs (presumably because the W‐NOR meets cellular demands and excessive NOR activity is costly). We hypothesize that R2 disruption favoured W enlargement to add intact 28S‐units, perhaps facilitated by reduced recombination during sex chromosome evolution. The molecular basis of the potentially adaptive female Z‐silencing is likely intricate and perhaps epigenetic, as non‐ribosomal Z genes are active in Apalone females. Yet, Emydura maquarii exhibit identical heteromorphism in their autosomal NOR (R2 invaded 28S‐units and the small‐autosome NOR is silent), suggesting that the softshell turtle pattern can evolve independent of sex chromosome evolution. Our study illuminates the complex sex chromosome evolution and dosage compensation of non‐model systems that challenges classic paradigms.
Microstructure of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and kinetics in hydrothermal process
Authors: Nacimento Kauyse Matos , Balbinoti Thaisa Carvalho Volpe , Jorge Luiz Mario de Matos , Jorge Regina Maria Matos
Published: July 2022

Rice hydration is the main unit operation in both parboiled and germinated rice industries. Despite its importance, few studies investigate its basic principles, related to phenomena and physicochemical rice changes during hydration step in each one of these processes. Aiming to contribute to these processes, was a mass transfer kinetic study associated to identification of moisture incorporation mechanisms and alterations in the starch during the paddy rice hydration. The observed mass transfer in the process was directly influenced by the system temperature, showing changes in absorption capacity over time. A tracer pigment added to the hydration medium revealed that the mechanism of the water entrance into the grain was through diffusion through the grain coating and by capillarity through the fissures. The thermal analysis and scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed that hydration at 55 and 65°C presented partial and total gelatinization of the starch, respectively. The models addressed allowed describing the moisture gain for various thermal conditions. The generalized model obtained was able to predict the experimental moisture at any process time for any of the investigated temperatures with a 5% maximum deviation. This research contributes significantly to the understanding of the phenomena involved in rice hydration, aiding in the development of operational parameters; they also point to a mathematical model that is able to represent the experimental data in a manner that is simple, quick, and inexpensive, particularly for industrial use.

Practical Applications

This study presents a paramount contribution to the time–temperature binomial establishment in the rice hydration process, since it provides as a process tool, the kinetic hydration model of moisture incorporation, as well as reveals the alterations in the grain microstructure. The discoveries can boost industries that process paddy rice, especially those located in poorer areas that lack knowledge and information, helping to improve operating conditions. Such a context justifies the investigation of models that may be easily applied, perform well, and are inexpensive, such as is the model presented in the present work, which may be applied by industries to monitor and also specify optimal operation conditions.
Identifying strawberry appearance quality by vision transformers and support vector machine
Authors: Zheng Hao , Wang Guohui , Li Xuchen
Published: July 2022

The strawberry is a highly nutritional and beneficial cash crop, and its appearance quality sorting is a crucial step in the production process. Manual identifying and sorting, however, are subjective and more time consuming. In the field of image classification, vision transformers (ViT) have shown better performance. In this article, an extensive evaluation of the ViT models for the identification of strawberry appearance quality is presented. Moreover, to balance the accuracy and computation time of the ViT model, we propose a ViT‐based method that uses fine‐tuned ViT‐B/32 to extract the class token and imports it into the support vector machine (SVM) to identify strawberry. Besides, the class token is imported into the SVM with different kernel functions to evaluate their performance. The experimental results show that the highest recognition accuracy of original ViT models is ViT‐L/16, which can reach 97.38%. The application of the linear kernel function is more suitable in this work. The accuracy of original ViT‐B/32 is 93.7% and the proposed method improves the accuracy by 4.4% up to 98.1%. Furthermore, the required computation time of the proposed method is only 62.13 s, which is faster than other models. Therefore, the proposed method demonstrates enhanced robustness and universality, especially for abnormal and ripe strawberries.

Practical Applications

The identification of strawberry appearance quality is a labor‐intensive task. Traditional methods mainly rely on manpower, which has high cost and low efficiency. Therefore, this work uses the fine‐tuned ViT‐B/32 to extract features and import them into SVM to identify the appearance quality of strawberries, which obtains the identification results more accurate and efficient. This study could facilitate the development of smart picking equipment for strawberries.
Proinflammatory role of basophils in oxazolone‐induced chronic intestinal inflammation
Authors: Inaba Kenichi , Higashiyama Masaaki , Watanabe Chikako , Tomioka Akira , Ito Suguru , Tanemoto Rina , Mizoguchi Akinori , Nishii Shin , Wada Akinori , Sugihara Nao , Hanawa Yoshinori , Horiuchi Kazuki , Akita Yoshihiro , Okada Yoshikiyo , Kurihara Chie , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Komoto Shunsuke , Tomita Kengo , Karasuyama Hajime , Satoh Takahiro , Hokari Ryota
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim

The functions of basophils have not been elucidated until recently because of their rarity. However, with recent developments in basophil‐specific antibodies and basophil‐deficient animals, the roles of basophils in various diseases related to chronic inflammation have been clarified. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of basophils in human ulcerative colitis (UC) and oxazolone (OXA) colitis using genetically engineered Mcpt8DTRmice.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining of human colon specimens was performed to examine the involvement of basophils in the pathogenesis of UC. We examined the correlation between the number of infiltrating basophils and the UC endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS), Mayo score, and Matts score. We also examined the correlation between eosinophil count and basophil infiltration. In murine experiments, we examined whether basophil infiltration was involved in OXA‐induced colitis and whether basophil depletion improved inflammation in Mcpt8DTRmice.

Results

Colonic basophil infiltration was significantly increased in patients with UC. There were significant correlations between UCEIS, Mayo score, Matts score, and the number of infiltrating basophils. In murine OXA‐induced colitis, a significant increase in basophil infiltration was observed. When basophils were depleted by diphtheria toxin in Mcpt8DTRmice, inflammation improved significantly and mRNA expression of some proinflammatory cytokines, including Tnf‐α and Ifn‐γ decreased significantly.

Conclusion

Basophil infiltration correlated with endoscopic, clinical, and pathological scores in human UC independently of eosinophil infiltration, and depletion of basophils ameliorated mucosal inflammation in murine OXA‐induced colitis, collectively suggesting that basophils exert a proinflammatory role in chronic intestinal inflammation such as UC.
InMode Evoke radiofrequency hands‐free facial remodeling for skin rejuvenation
Authors: Hendricks Aleksi J. , Farhang Sheila Z.
Published: July 2022

Demand for facial contouring procedures has increased dramatically in recent years. Common regions of concern for patients seeking a rejuvenated, more youthful appearance include the cheeks, jawline, submental area, and neck. Radiofrequency technology offers a non‐invasive and effective method of improving skin laxity and subcutaneous fat in these areas. The Evoke system from InMode Aesthetics is a radiofrequency modality designed to address the lower face and neck that stimulates collagen remodeling for skin tightening and thermal lipolysis for improved facial contour. While alternate technologies for radiofrequency facial remodeling are commercially available, Evoke is the first of its kind in introducing a reliable, operator‐independent hands‐free device developed based on InMode's proprietary Acquire, Control, and Extend technology targeting the deep fibro‐septal network to provide optimal and consistent outcomes.
A patient with a mucinous borderline ovarian tumor after fertility‐sparing surgery in whom puncture fluid cytology on oocyte retrieval led to a diagnosis of recurrence
Authors: Yoshiba Takahiro , Takei Yuji , Manaka Yumi , Suzuki Tatsuya , Fujiwara Hiroyuki
Published: July 2022

The patient was an unmarried nulliparous 21‐year‐old female who was referred to our hospital with an abdominal mass. Bilateral ovarian tumors with a solid component were detected and both were suspected to be ovarian cancer. Since the patient strongly wished to preserve fertility, we performed left salpingo‐oophorectomy, right cystectomy, and omentectomy. A postoperative histopathological examination revealed that the bilateral ovarian tumors were mucinous borderline tumors. The patient selected oocyte cryopreservation. Oocyte retrieval from the right ovary was performed 2 years after surgery, and six oocytes were obtained. The puncture of a small cyst revealed mucinous fluid, not normal follicular fluid; therefore, puncture fluid cytology was performed. A recurrent mucinous borderline ovarian tumor was suspected. Right salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed and a recurrent mucinous borderline ovarian tumor was diagnosed. Puncture fluid properties need to be considered when there is an opportunity for oocyte retrieval after fertility‐sparing surgery.
How Elementary In‐School Play Opportunities Relate to Academic Achievement and Social‐Emotional Well‐Being: Systematic Review
Authors: Burson Sheri L. , Castelli Darla M.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Play is essential for child growth and development, and may have academic and social‐emotional implications. To understand the relationship between in‐school play opportunities and academic achievement (AA) and social‐emotional well‐being among elementary school students, a systematic review of the current in‐school play literature was conducted.

METHODS

Keywords were input across 7 search engines. After screening, 20 peer‐reviewed publications related to play, AA, and social‐emotional well‐being met the inclusion criteria for this review.

FINDINGS

Across the included publications, recess was the only in‐school play opportunity assessed. Overall, student behavior and social‐emotional outcomes benefited from more recess while mixed results were found between recess participation and academic outcomes. However, more recess was not detrimental to AA.

CONCLUSION

The findings from this review support the need for recess as part of a whole child approach to education that may mitigate the negative outcomes of sitting through long periods of instruction. More research is needed on the AA and social‐emotional effects of other types of in‐school play opportunities (ie, centers, play stations, and other breaks). Findings from this review indicate that recess is a necessary part of the elementary school day.
Expression of insulin‐like growth factor genes in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, fed a diet with partial replacement of dietary fish meal
Authors: Moon Ji‐Sung , Oh Dae Han , Park Su‐Jin , Seo Jin‐Song , Kim Dong‐Uk , Moon Seong‐Hwan , Park Hung Sik , Lim Sang‐Gu , Lee Bong‐Joo , Hur Sang‐Woo , Lee Kyeong‐Jun , Nam Taek Jeong , Choi Youn Hee
Published: July 2022

This study analyzed the expression of growth‐related genes of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, fed a low‐fish meal (FM) diet to investigate the replacement of the FM diet in the field. The expression of growth hormone (GH)/insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) axis genes in the brain/pituitary/liver and plasma hormone concentrations were measured. A basal experimental diet was formulated using 63% FM and 12% soybean meal as the primary protein sources, and then two other diets were made by replacing 20% and 30% of the FM with soy protein concentrate, tankage meal, and poultry by‐products meal. Each diet was fed to duplicate groups of juvenile flounder (150 ± 3.0 g) twice a day. After 20 weeks, the plasma growth‐related hormone concentrations were similar between the control and FM20 groups. Moreover, GH/IGF axis gene mRNA expression in the brain/pituitary/liver was similar between the control and FM20 groups. Immunoblotting of muscle and liver showed the same pattern. This study showed the utility of replacing 20% of the FM diet and supports the possibility of field application.
Impact of disturbance and dietary shift on gastrointestinal bacterial community and its invertebrate host system
Authors: Kivistik Carmen , Tammert Helen , Kisand Veljo , Käiro Kairi , Herlemann Daniel P. R.
Published: July 2022

The gut microbiome is one of the most important sites of host–microbe interactions, however, mechanisms governing the responses of host‐associated microbes to changing environmental conditions are poorly understood. To address this, we investigated individual and combined effects of dietary changes and increase in salinity (from freshwater to salinity 3) or antibiotic concentration on the gastrointestinal bacterial community of the aquatic snail Ampullaceana balthica. In parallel, the energy reserves of the host were quantified. A change of natural food source to biofilm forming green algae Scenedesmus obliquus as well as the combined treatment of salinity and S. obliquus decreased the richness and changed the composition of the A. balthica gastrointestinal bacterial community. In these treatments Pseudomonas became the dominant bacterium. However, energy reserves of the host were higher in these treatments compared to the reference aquaria specimens and the combined treatment of antibiotics with S. obliquus. The presence of antibiotics inhibited the dominance of Pseudomonas and resulted in lower energy reserves despite S. obliquus feeding. Therefore the host seems to be able to adapt and replace its bacterial community composition to respond to mild changes in salinity and food source. Antibiotics in the water can disturb this self‐regulating mechanism. Our study underlines the ability of aquatic macroinvertebrates to respond to sudden changes in food source and mild shifts in salinity. Moreover, it emphasizes the strong impact of the food source on the gastrointestinal microbiome and the importance of generalists during disturbance.
What to expect when AGEP is induced by terbinafine? Case report and critical review of the literature
Authors: de Oliveira Gisele Viana , Maia Maria Luisa Peloso , Leão Felipe Augusto Azevedo , Sad Eduardo Fonseca , Miotto Isadora Zago , Silva Marcio Roberto , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia
Published: July 2022

Background

Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) is a rash with multiple sterile intraepidermal or subcorneal non‐follicular pustules on edematous papules, with a sudden development and rapid evolution, triggered by drugs, vaccination, insect bites, exposure to mercury, and allergens.

Objectives and Methods

We describe a female patient who developed extensive and abnormally prolonged AGEP following exposure to terbinafine and SARS‐CoV vaccine. A detailed review of terbinafine‐induced‐AGEP cases was performed, with the aim of evaluating if the AGEP criteria would follow a different pattern when the disease is triggered by this drug. A PubMed search helped retrieve all terbinafine‐induced AGEP case reports. AGEP‐specific Sideroff criteria were analysed in terbinafine‐induced cases and compared to other trigger causes.

Conclusions

When the AGEP causative drug was terbinafine, a delay in recovery was observed, compared to the existing AGEP criteria when other causes are considered. Terbinafine frequently leads to delayed resolution AGEP probably due to the presence of the drug in the skin for several weeks after exposure, even after discontinuation, and the disease severity may be potentialised by additional factors such as concomitant viral infections or vaccination.
Monetary Policy Uncertainty and Inflation Expectations*
Authors: Arce‐Alfaro Gabriel , Blagov Boris
Published: July 2022

Do inflation expectations react to changes in the volatility of monetary policy? They have, but only until the global financial crisis. This paper investigates whether increasing the dispersion of monetary policy shocks, which is interpreted as elevated uncertainty surrounding monetary policy, affects the inflation expectation formation process. Based on US data since the 1980s and a stochastic volatility‐in‐mean structural VAR model, we find that monetary policy uncertainty reduces both inflation expectations and inflation. However, after the Great Recession this link has disappeared, even when controlling for the Zero Lower Bound.
Mid‐ and Long‐Term Comparison Analysis of Two Approaches for the Treatment of Level III or Higher Lenke–Silva Adult Degenerative Scoliosis: Radical or Limited Surgery?
Authors: Song Zhibo , Zhang Zhaoquan , Yang Xiaochen , Zhao Zhi , Li Tao , Bi Ni , Wang Yingsong
Published: July 2022

Objective

As the population in general is living longer, less invasive adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) surgery that balances risks and benefits requires long‐term clinical outcomes to determine its strengths and weaknesses. We design a retrospective study to compare the postoperative mid‐ and long‐term outcomes in terms of efficacy, surgical complications, and reoperation rate of patients with ADS treated with two different surgical approaches (long‐segment complete reconstruction or short‐segment limited intervention).

Methods

In this retrospective study, 78 patients with ADS (Lenke–Silva levels III or higher), who accepted surgical treatment at our hospital between June 2012 and June 2019 were included. These patients were assigned to the long‐segment radical group (complete decompression with deformity correction involves ≥3 segments) and the short‐segment limited group (symptomatic segment decompression involves <3 segments). In addition, general information such as age, gender, fixed segment number, efficacy, radiographic parameters, and reoperation rate of patients in the two groups were compared and analyzed.

Results

There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to gender, follow‐up time, long‐term surgical complications and reoperation rate (P > 0.05). The mean age of patients in the long‐segment strategy group was 57.1 ± 7.9 years, with a mean number of fixed segments of 7.9 ± 2.4. The mean age of patients in the short‐segment strategy group was 60.8 ± 8.4 years, with a mean number of fixed segments of 1.4 ± 0.5. At the final follow‐up visit, the long‐segment radical group showed better results than the short‐segment limited group with regard to coronal Cobb angle, lumbar lordosis angle and sagittal balance (P < 0.05). The long‐segment strategy group had a higher implant‐related complication rate (P = 0.010); the adjacent segment‐related complication in the two groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.068).

Conclusion

Considering the risk, rehabilitation pathway and costs of long‐segment radical surgery, short‐segment limited intervention is a better strategy for patients who cannot tolerate the long‐segment surgery, improving symptoms and maintaining efficacy in the mid‐ and long‐term, and not increasing the reoperation rate.
Deflection of Vertical Effect on Direct Georeferencing in Aerial Mobile Mapping Systems: A Case Study in Sweden
Authors: Bagherbandi Mohammad , Jouybari Arash , Nilfouroushan Faramarz , Ågren Jonas
Published: July 2022

GNSS/INS applications are being developed, especially for direct georeferencing in airborne photogrammetry. Achieving accurately georeferenced products from the integration of GNSS and INS requires removing systematic errors in the mobile mapping systems. The INS sensor's uncertainty is decreasing; therefore, the influence of the deflection of verticals (DOV, the angle between the plumb line and normal to the ellipsoid) should be considered in the direct georeferencing. Otherwise, an error is imposed for calculating the exterior orientation parameters of the aerial images and aerial laser scanning. This study determines the DOV using the EGM2008 model and gravity data in Sweden. The impact of the DOVs on horizontal and vertical coordinates, considering different flight altitudes and camera field of view, is assessed. The results confirm that the calculated DOV components using the EGM2008 model are sufficiently accurate for aerial mapping system purposes except for mountainous areas because the topographic signal is not modelled correctly.
Quantitative computed tomography predicts outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Humphries Stephen M. , Mackintosh John A. , Jo Helen E. , Walsh Simon L. F. , Silva Mario , Calandriello Lucio , Chapman Sally , Ellis Samantha , Glaspole Ian , Goh Nicole , Grainge Christopher , Hopkins Peter M. A. , Keir Gregory J. , Moodley Yuben , Reynolds Paul N. , Walters E. Haydn , Baraghoshi David , Wells Athol U. , Lynch David A. , Corte Tamera J.
Published: July 2022

Background and objective

Prediction of disease course in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of lung fibrosis extent quantified at computed tomography (CT) using data‐driven texture analysis (DTA) in a large cohort of well‐characterized patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) enrolled in a national registry.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included participants in the Australian IPF Registry with available CT between 2007 and 2016. CT scans were analysed using the DTA method to quantify the extent of lung fibrosis. Demographics, longitudinal pulmonary function and quantitative CT metrics were compared using descriptive statistics. Linear mixed models, and Cox analyses adjusted for age, gender, BMI, smoking history and treatment with anti‐fibrotics were performed to assess the relationships between baseline DTA, pulmonary function metrics and outcomes.

Results

CT scans of 393 participants were analysed, 221 of which had available pulmonary function testing obtained within 90 days of CT. Linear mixed‐effect modelling showed that baseline DTA score was significantly associated with annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide. In multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, greater extent of lung fibrosis was associated with poorer transplant‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.20, p < 0.0001) and progression‐free survival (HR 1.14, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

In a multi‐centre observational registry of patients with IPF, the extent of fibrotic abnormality on baseline CT quantified using DTA is associated with outcomes independent of pulmonary function.
Reasoning for whistleblowing in health care
Authors: Wiisak Johanna , Suhonen Riitta , Leino‐Kilpi Helena
Published: July 2022

Background

Whistleblowing is recognised as part of solving wrongdoing. It requires individual reasoning as it is a potentially complicated process with a risk of possible negative consequences for oneself. Knowledge on how individuals reason for whistleblowing in healthcare context is lacking.

Aim

This study aimed to create a theoretical construct to describe individual reasoning for whistleblowing.

Methods

The methodology was grounded theory, with 244 nurses as informants. The data consisted of nurses' written narratives in response to a wrongdoing situation presented in a video vignette. To ensure the heterogeneity of the population and variation in nurses' professional expertise, experiences and geographical locations in health care to capture the multidimensionality of the responses, nurses were invited to participate, and data were collected electronically from the membership register of the Finnish Nurses' Association on a national level. Constant comparison was used to analyse the open data.

Results

The core category of the theoretical construct, ‘The formation of morally courageous intervening’, was discovered, reflecting individual's values and beliefs. It forms mentally as an integration of cognition and emotion for recognising one's own strengths and limits to act to do the right thing despite the risk of negative consequences for oneself. The core category consists of three dimensions of reasoning: (1) Reasoning Actors, (2) Reasoning Justifications and (3) Reasoning Activities, their categories and three patterns of reasoning connecting the dimensions and their categories with each other: (I) Individual Reasoning, (II) Collaborative Reasoning and (III) Collective Reasoning.

Discussion and conclusion

The theoretical construct indicate that reasoning is a multidimensional phenomenon. In future, a theoretical construct could be further developed. In health care, managers could use the theoretical construct to support employees in their whistleblowing.
Balanced cross‐section restoration in a complicated folded hinterland structure: Shilbilisaj profile, Talas ridge, Caledonian Tien Shan
Authors: Yakovlev Fedor , Gaidzik Krzysztof , Voytenko Viacheslav , Frolova Natalia
Published: July 2022

Conventional cross‐section balancing techniques based on layer length measuring can be applied only for foreland structures. To analyse complicated hinterland structure with numerous small‐scale folds, this balancing technique requires the reliable and detailed tracing of the morphology of any layer throughout the cross‐section, which is unattainable. We present a special kinematic method of balancing cross sections based “on the geometry of the folded domain” which enables the structural restoration of hinterland regions. We apply the method to restore the detailed structural section along the Shilbilisaj River, having a length of 26 km. We divided this section into 40–60 so‐called “domains” each including 2–7 folds. Our method uses the fold's morphology to determine the strain ellipsoid, which describes the deformation of each domain and is used to restore its pre‐folded state. By combining the pre‐folded states of the domains, we reconstruct the entire profile, and calculate shortening values as K = L0/L1 (initial to final length). The overall shortening value for the profile is 4.49, incrementally varying along the section from 3.79 to 5.53. The comparable results of two independently performed reconstructions emphasize the reliability of the applied balancing method.
Continent‐scale sediment dispersal for the Proterozoic Baraboo Interval quartzites in the Laurentian midcontinent
Authors: Malone David H. , Craddock John P. , Holm Daniel , Krieger Aidan , Baumann Steven J.
Published: July 2022

The well‐known Baraboo Interval quartzites in the Laurentian midcontinent are a succession of mature red siliciclastic strata, locally more than 1.5 km thick, and covering an area >300,000 km2, much if not all of which was deposited after the Mazatzal orogeny (<1.63 Ga), and before the Baraboo Orogeny (~1.47 Ga). Ca. 1,300 new LA‐ICPMS detrital zircon ages from six Baraboo Interval inliers in Wisconsin and the Sioux Quartzite in South Dakota, USA attest to significant distal provenances not previously recognized. The principal ~1.8–1.9 Ga and >2.5 Ga age peaks represent local, southern Superior province sediment source areas. Yet more than 30% of our dataset includes ages between 1.9 and 2.5 Ga which are essentially absent from the region. We interpret these non‐locally derived zircons to have been transported ~2,500 km southeast to the Columbian supercontinental margin. The subsequent accretion of the Mazatzal terrane caused a major drainage reorganization, and transport of sediment for the uppermost Baraboo interval strata was north rather than south‐directed.
Local wound management: A review of modern techniques and products
Authors: Aisa Josep , Parlier Mark
Published: July 2022

Management of wounds is a commonly performed and essential aspect of small animal veterinary medicine. Appropriate wound management is a difficult art to master, due to the inherent complexity of the clinical scenario, as well as the ever‐evolving nature of the field with the constant addition of new products and techniques. This article reviews key concepts that may help the practitioner better understand the natural process of wound healing, factors that delay healing and strategies to help improve the local wound environment to make it more conducive to healing during open wound management. The concept of wound bed preparation is defined before common local wound management strategies, such as wound lavage and debridement, are discussed in more detail. Key aspects of the management of biofilms and appropriate use of antimicrobial agents are also reviewed. Finally, the concept of moist wound healing and its impact in modern wound management is explained before a broad variety of types of wound dressings are reviewed, with a particular focus on active dressings.
Evaluation of clonality from multiple anatomic sites in canine epitheliotropic T cell lymphoma
Authors: Keating M. Kelly , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. , Keller Stefan M. , Moore Peter F.
Published: July 2022

Background: Canine epitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (eCTCL) is thought to represent a disease homologue to human mycosis fungoides (MF). In human MF, neoplastic cells are phenotypically consistent with resident effector memory T cells, a population that remains for an extended period within tissue without circulating. Dogs with eCTCL often present with lesions in multiple locations, raising the question of whether the neoplasm is of the same T‐cell subpopulation or not.

Objectives: To characterize the antigen receptor gene rearrangements of lymphocytes from skin and blood of dogs with eCTCL to determine if neoplastic clones are identical.

Animals: Fourteen dogs with eCTCL.

Materials and methods: Histological and immunohistochemical examination, and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) for T‐cell receptor gamma (TRG) performed on multiple cutaneous biopsy samples and blood.

Results: All skin biopsies contained cluster of differentiation (CD)3‐positive neoplastic lymphocytes. Within individual dogs, all skin biopsies revealed identical TRG clonality profiles, suggesting that the same neoplastic clone was present in all sites. In the blood, a matching clone was found in six of 14 dogs, a unique clone was observed in nine of 14 dogs, and no clone was detected in two of 14 dogs.

Conclusions: These findings show that canine eCTCL lesions in multiple locations harbour the same neoplastic clone, neoplastic lymphocytes do not remain fixed to the skin and instead can circulate via blood, differing clones can be identified in skin versus blood, and circulating neoplastic cells can be detected without lymphocytosis.
Long‐term potentiation in neurogliaform interneurons modulates excitation–inhibition balance in the temporoammonic pathway
Authors: Mercier Marion S. , Magloire Vincent , Cornford Jonathan H. , Kullmann Dimitri M.
Published: July 2022

Apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons integrate information from higher‐order cortex and thalamus, and gate signalling and plasticity at proximal synapses. In the hippocampus, neurogliaform cells and other interneurons located within stratum lacunosum‐moleculare (SLM) mediate powerful inhibition of CA1 pyramidal neuron distal dendrites. Is the recruitment of such inhibition itself subject to use‐dependent plasticity, and if so, what induction rules apply? Here we show that interneurons in mouse SLM exhibit Hebbian NMDA receptor‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP). Such plasticity can be induced by selective optogenetic stimulation of afferents in the temporoammonic pathway from the entorhinal cortex (EC), but not by equivalent stimulation of afferents from the thalamic nucleus reuniens. We further show that theta‐burst patterns of afferent firing induces LTP in neurogliaform interneurons identified using neuron‐derived neurotrophic factor (Ndnf)‐Cre mice. Theta‐burst activity of EC afferents led to an increase in disynaptic feed‐forward inhibition, but not monosynaptic excitation, of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity in SLM interneurons thus alters the excitation–inhibition balance at EC inputs to the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons, implying a dynamic role for these interneurons in gating CA1 dendritic computations.

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Key points

Electrogenic phenomena in distal dendrites of principal neurons in the hippocampus have a major role in gating synaptic plasticity at afferent synapses on proximal dendrites. Apical dendrites also receive powerful feed‐forward inhibition, mediated in large part by neurogliaform neurons.

Here we show that theta‐burst activity in afferents from the entorhinal cortex (EC) induces ‘Hebbian’ long‐term potentiation (LTP) at excitatory synapses recruiting these GABAergic cells.

LTP in interneurons innervating apical dendrites increases disynaptic inhibition of principal neurons, thus shifting the excitation–inhibition balance in the temporoammonic (TA) pathway in favour of inhibition, with implications for computations and learning rules in proximal dendrites.
Lineamientos para la formulación de políticas públicas de revitalización urbana. Una oportunidad para repensar y proyectar los centros urbanos en el contexto posmetropolitano. La revitalización urbana del centro de Bogotá entorno urbano parque tercer milenio
Authors:   , Bucheli Agualimpia Jose Luis
Published: July 2022

La revitalización urbana es el instrumento y el recurso potencial para revertir los efectos del deterioro - físico, social y económico - de los centros de ciudad; es la oportunidad para recrear las condiciones urbanas que los centros tradicionales demandan para su sostenibilidad en el nuevo contexto posmetropolitano. A través de la definición de lineamientos y estrategias para la formulación de políticas públicas de revitalización urbana será posible orientar las actuaciones necesarias de planificación del entorno urbano del parque Tercer Milenio en el Centro de Bogotá.
La convergencia en los factores no materiales entre Colombia y Brasil, como elemento explicativo del acercamiento político entre los dos países, en el marco del acuerdo general de comercio de servicios de la ronda DOHA de la OMC
Authors:   , Monroy Perdomo Leonardo
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación explica el acercamiento político entre Colombia y Brasil a partir de las propuestas presentadas por ambos en el marco del Acuerdo General de Comercio de Servicios de la Organización Mundial de Comercio. La propuesta reconoce los vínculos estrechos entre el ámbito político y el económico con base en los postulados teóricos de la Economía Política Internacional, pero además plantea el impacto decisivo que tienen los factores no materiales, como las ideas y los intereses en la conformación de los objetivos de política exterior económica de los Estados. Por lo tanto, los aspectos domésticos de un país pueden terminar influyendo a nivel sistémico cuando son expresados en el ámbito internacional, por medio de la política exterior.
Superando el asistencialismo la economía social como horizonte de política social en Colombia
Authors:   , Ospina Jaramillo Juan Jacobo , Palacios Escobar Catalina
Published: July 2022

Tras las reformas Neoliberales instauradas en las sociedades latinoamericanas a finales del siglo XX, el Estado Colombiano trata de equilibrar las fuerzas al interior de la sociedad generando políticas sociales -usualmente de tipo asistencial- encaminadas a identificar y acudir a los habitantes que se definen en situación de vulnerabilidad. Este tipo de iniciativas contribuyen en alguna medida a disminuir las inequidades y a solucionar las problemáticas de manera temporal, pero acarrean profundas dificultades por cuanto promueven y mantienen una relación de dependencia entre el Estado y los beneficiarios| y no contemplan la autosuficiencia o la generación autónoma del bienestar como uno de sus propósitos. Pensar en una alternativa distinta para insertar a los sectores populares en el mercado resulta una innovación en América Latina superar la visión tradicional y encontrar la manera óptima de distribución de los recursos, por medio de conceptos como solidaridad, cooperación, asociatividad y redes. Es por ello que el presente trabajo pretende dilucidar los principios reguladores de la llamada Economía Social, como una alternativa innovadora en la formulación de políticas sociales en Colombia.