bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of new siloxane grafted copolyimides
Authors: Ghosh Anindita , Banerjee Susanta , Wang De‐Yi , Komber Hartmut , Voit Brigitte
Published: September 2011

Three new siloxane containing grafted copolyimides have been prepared by one‐pot solution imidization technique. The polymers are made by the reaction of 4,4′‐(4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA) with commercially available diamine 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) with variation of silicon containing diamine, namely 3,5‐diaminobenzoate terminated polydimethylsiloxane (DBPDMS), as a comonomer to 10, 20, and 30 wt %. The films of the polymers were prepared by casting the polymer solution in dichloromethane. The polymers have been well‐characterized by GPC, IR, and NMR techniques. Thermal stabilities and decomposition behavior of the copolyimides were studied by DSC and TGA. The water contact angle values of the films indicate hydrophobic nature of the polymers. Thermal, flame retardant, mechanical, and surface properties of these polymers have been compared with the homopolyimide and with polyimides where polysiloxane is incorporated in the main chain. DSC revealed melting of the grafted siloxane chain at sub‐ambient temperature and a glass transition corresponding to the main polymer chain above 200°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Metabolic detoxification of capsaicin by UDP‐glycosyltransferase in three Helicoverpa species
Authors: Ahn Seung‐Joon , Badenes‐Pérez Francisco R. , Reichelt Michael , Svatoš Aleš , Schneider Bernd , Gershenzon Jonathan , Heckel David G.
Published: September 2011

Capsaicin β‐glucoside was isolated from the feces of Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa assulta, and Helicoverpa zea that fed on capsaicin‐supplemented artificial diet. The chemical structure was identified by NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as by enzymatic hydrolysis. The excretion rates of the glucoside were different among the three species; those in the two generalists, H. armigera and H. zea, were higher than in a specialist, H. assulta. UDP‐glycosyltransferases (UGT) enzyme activities measured from the whole larval homogenate of the three species with capsaicin and UDP‐glucose as substrates were also higher in the two generalists. Compared among five different larval tissues (labial glands, testes from male larvae, midgut, the Malpighian tubules (MT), and fat body) from the three species, the formation of the capsaicin glucoside by one or more UGT is high in the fat body of all the three species as expected, as well as in H. assulta MT. Optimization of the enzyme assay method is also described in detail. Although the lower excretion rate of the unaltered capsaicin in H. assulta indicates higher metabolic capacity toward capsacin than in the other two generalists, the glucosylation per se seems to be insufficient to explain the decrease in capsaicin in the specialist, suggesting that H. assulta might have another important mechanism to deal with capsaicin more specifically. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prostaglandin D2 regulates joint inflammation and destruction in murine collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Maicas Nuria , Ibáñez Lidia , Alcaraz María José , Úbeda Amalia , Ferrándiz María Luisa
Published: September 2011

Objective

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) may exert proinflammatory or antiinflammatory effects in different biologic systems. Although this prostanoid and the enzymes responsible for its synthesis are up‐regulated by interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in human chondrocytes in vitro, the role of PGD2 in arthritis remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of PGD2 in the inflammatory response and in joint destruction during the development of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in mice.

Methods

PGD2 and cytokine levels in mice with CIA were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of hematopoietic PGD synthase (h‐PGDS), lipocalin‐type PGD synthase (l‐PGDS), and DP1 and DP2 receptors was analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. PGE2 levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.

Results

The arthritic process up‐regulated the expression of h‐PGDS, l‐PGDS, DP1, and DP2 in articular tissue. PGD2 was produced in the joint during the early phase of arthritis, and serum PGD2 levels increased progressively throughout the arthritic process, reaching a maximum during the late stages of CIA. Treatment of arthritic mice with the DP1 antagonist MK0524 soon after the onset of disease increased the incidence and severity of CIA as well as the local levels of IL‐1β, CXCL‐1, and PGE2, whereas IL‐10 levels were reduced. The administration of the DP2 antagonist CAY10595 did not modify the severity of arthritis. The injection of PGD2 into the paw, as well as the administration of the DP1 agonist BW245C, significantly lowered the incidence of CIA, the inflammatory response, and joint damage.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that PGD2 is produced in articular tissue during the development of CIA and plays an antiinflammatory role, acting through the DP1 receptor.
Complex concepts into basic concepts
Authors: Szostak Rick
Published: September 2011

Interdisciplinary communication, and thus the rate of progress in scholarly understanding, would be greatly enhanced if scholars had access to a universal classification of documents or ideas not grounded in particular disciplines or cultures. Such a classification is feasible if complex concepts can be understood as some combination of more basic concepts. There appear to be five main types of concept theory in the philosophical literature. Each provides some support for the idea of breaking complex into basic concepts that can be understood across disciplines or cultures, but each has detractors. None of these criticisms represents a substantive obstacle to breaking complex concepts into basic concepts within information science. Can we take the subject entries in existing universal but discipline‐based classifications, and break these into a set of more basic concepts that can be applied across disciplinary classes? The author performs this sort of analysis for Dewey classes 300 to 339.9. This analysis will serve to identify the sort of ‘basic concepts’ that would lie at the heart of a truly universal classification. There are two key types of basic concept: the things we study (individuals, rocks, trees), and the relationships among these (talking, moving, paying).
Supramolecular Zinc Phthalocyanine–Imidazolyl Perylenediimide Dyad and Triad: Synthesis, Complexation, and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Céspedes‐Guirao F. Javier , Ohkubo Kei , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Fernández‐Lázaro Fernando , Sastre‐Santos Ángela
Published: September 2011

Two new supramolecular architectures based on zinc phthalocyanine (Pc) and imidazolyl‐substituted perylenediimide (PDI), ZnPc/DImPDI/ZnPc 1 and ZnPc/ImPDI 2, have been prepared. A strong electron‐donor, 8, which contained eight tert‐octylphenoxy groups was synthesized to ensure high solubility, thereby reducing aggregation in solution and providing σ‐donor features while avoiding regioisomeric mixtures. Also, PDI units were functionalized with tert‐octylphenoxy groups at the bay positions, which provide solubility to avoid aggregation in solution, together with one and two imidazole moieties in the amide position, 6 and 4, respectively, to be able to strongly coordinate with the ZnPc complex. Supramolecular complexation studies by 1H NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS demonstrate a high coordinative binding constant between imidazole‐substituted 4 or 6 and 8. The same results were confirmed by UV/Vis and fluorescence titration studies. UV/Vis titration studies revealed the formation of a 1:1 complex ZnPc/ImPDI 2 for the systems 8 and 6 and a 2:1 complex ZnPc/DImPDI/ZnPc 1 for the interaction of 8 and 4. The binding constant in both cases was determined to be on the order of 105 M−1. Femtosecond laser flash photolysis measurements provided a direct proof of the charge‐separated state within both supramolecular assemblies by observing the transient absorption band at 820 nm due to the zinc phthalocyanine radical cation. The lifetimes of charge‐separated states are (9.8±3) ns for triad 1 and (3±1) ns for dyad 2. As far as we know, this is the first time that a radical ion pair has been detected in a supramolecular assembled ZnPc–PDI system and has obtained the longest lifetime of a charge‐separated state published for ZnPc–PDI assemblies.
Discrete‐time repetitive controller for time‐delay systems with disturbance observer
Authors: Na Jing , Costa‐Castelló Ramon , Griñó Robert , Ren Xuemei
Published: September 2011

A novel discrete‐time repetitive controller design for time‐delay systems subject to a periodic reference and exogenous periodic disturbances is presented. The main idea behind the proposed approach is to take advantage of the plant delay in the controller design, and not to compensate for the effect of this delay. To facilitate this concept, we introduce an appropriate time‐delay and a compensator in a positive feedback connection with the plant, such that a generator for periodic signals is constructed. Then a proportional controller is used to stabilize the closed‐loop system. The tracking control capability is thus guaranteed according to the internal model principle (IMP). In addition, to attenuate external periodic disturbances, a disturbance observer (DO) is developed to simultaneously achieve reference tracking and disturbance rejection. The possible fractional delay due to the digital discretization is handled by using a fractional delay filter approximation. The proposed controller has a simple structure, in which only a proportional parameter and a low‐pass filter are required to be chosen. The closed‐loop stability conditions and a robustness analysis under model uncertainties are studied. Numerical simulations and practical experiments on a servo motor system are conducted to verify the feasibility and simplicity of the proposed controller.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Output regulation of time‐varying nonlinear systems
Authors: Yang Xi , Huang Jie
Published: September 2011

This paper considers the robust output regulation problem for time‐varying nonlinear systems with a time‐varying exosystem. A framework for converting the problem into a stabilization problem of an augmented system is established. The problem is solved for a class of time‐varying output feedback systems with a time‐varying exosystem.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
A robust treatment of a dose–response study
Authors: Wiens Douglas P. , Li Pengfei
Published: September 2011

We give a description of the steps leading to a robustification of a dose–response study. The original experiment was designed and described by Rosenberger and Grill (1997) and has since been discussed by several other groups of researchers. Our robustification consists of redesigning the experiment so as to build in flexibility over a range of possible link functions, including the logistic link assumed by the original experimenters. We consider as well an asymptotic Neyman–Pearson test of the validity of the assumed link function.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biofuels: ethics and policy‐making
Authors: Buyx Alena M. , Tait Joyce
Published: September 2011

Mandatory targets for biofuels have led to their rapid global adoption, but ethical problems with their large‐scale production are widely reported. Research is underway to find new biofuel technologies that mitigate climate change and can be produced sustainably and economically. Following an 18‐month inquiry, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics has developed an ethical framework for biofuels policy‐making. Based on a number of widely held ethical values, six ethical principles are introduced that should be considered in biofuels policy‐making. Many current biofuels policies fail this ethical ‘test’. An overarching ethical standard for biofuels is proposed that includes the protection of human rights and the environment, full life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions, trade principles that are fair, access and benefit‐sharing schemes to encourage equitable distribution of costs and benefits, and instruments to incentivize the development of promising new approaches. The Council goes on to make recommendations for changes to current policy. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Application of an induced field sensor for assessment of electromagnetic exposure from compact fluorescent lamps
Authors: Nadakuduti Jagadish , Douglas Mark , Capstick Myles , Kühn Sven , Kuster Niels
Published: September 2011

The development of scientifically sound instrumentation, methods, and procedures for the electromagnetic exposure assessment of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) is investigated. The incident and induced fields from 11 CFLs have been measured in the 10 kHz–1 MHz range, and they are compared with the levels for incandescent and light emitting diode (LED) bulbs. Commercially available equipment was used to measure the incident fields, while a novel sensor was built to assess the induced fields in humans. Incident electric field levels significantly exceed the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels at close distances for some sources, while the induced fields are within the ICNIRP basic restrictions. This demonstrates the importance of assessing the induced fields rather than the incident fields for these sources. Maximum current densities for CFLs are comparable to the limits (in the range of 9% to 56%), demonstrating the need for measurements to establish compliance. For the frequency range investigated, the induced fields were found to be considerably higher for CFLs than for incandescent light bulbs, while the exposure from the two LED bulbs was low. The proposed instrumentation and methods offer several advantages over an existing measurement standard, and the measurement uncertainty is significantly better than the assessment of electric and magnetic fields at close distances. Bioelectromagnetics 33:166–175, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do bacteria differentiate between degrees of nanoscale surface roughness?
Authors: Bazaka Kateryna , Crawford Russell J. , Ivanova Elena P.
Published: September 2011

Whereas the employment of nanotechnology in electronics and optics engineering is relatively well established, the use of nanostructured materials in medicine and biology is undoubtedly novel. Certain nanoscale surface phenomena are being exploited to promote or prevent the attachment of living cells. However, as yet, it has not been possible to develop methods that completely prevent cells from attaching to solid surfaces, since the mechanisms by which living cells interact with the nanoscale surface characteristics of these substrates are still poorly understood. Recently, novel and advanced surface characterisation techniques have been developed that allow the precise molecular and atomic scale characterisation of both living cells and the solid surfaces to which they attach. Given this additional capability, it may now be possible to define boundaries, or minimum dimensions, at which a surface feature can exert influence over an attaching living organism.This review explores the current research on the interaction of living cells with both native and nanostructured surfaces, and the role that these surface properties play in the different stages of cell attachment.
Structure of silk by raman spectromicroscopy: From the spinning glands to the fibers
Authors: Lefèvre Thierry , Paquet‐Mercier François , Rioux‐Dubé Jean‐François , Pézolet Michel
Published: September 2011

Raman spectroscopy has long been proved to be a useful tool to study the conformation of protein‐based materials such as silk. Thanks to recent developments, linearly polarized Raman spectromicroscopy has appeared very efficient to characterize the molecular structure of native single silk fibers and spinning dopes because it can provide information relative to the protein secondary structure, molecular orientation, and amino acid composition. This review will describe recent advances in the study of the structure of silk by Raman spectromicroscopy. A particular emphasis is put on the spider dragline and silkworm cocoon threads, other fibers spun by orb‐weaving spiders, the spinning dope contained in their silk glands and the effect of mechanical deformation. Taken together, the results of the literature show that Raman spectromicroscopy is particularly efficient to investigate all aspects of silk structure and production. The data provided can lead to a better understanding of the structure of the silk dope, transformations occurring during the spinning process, and structure and mechanical properties of native fibers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 322–336, 2012.
A population balance equation model of aggregation dynamics in Taxus suspension cell cultures
Authors: Kolewe Martin E. , Roberts Susan C. , Henson Michael A.
Published: September 2011

The nature of plant cells to grow as multicellular aggregates in suspension culture has profound effects on bioprocess performance. Recent advances in the measurement of plant cell aggregate size allow for routine process monitoring of this property. We have exploited this capability to develop a conceptual model to describe changes in the aggregate size distribution that are observed over the course of a Taxus cell suspension batch culture. We utilized the population balance equation framework to describe plant cell aggregates as a particulate system, accounting for the relevant phenomenological processes underlying aggregation, such as growth and breakage. We compared model predictions to experimental data to select appropriate kernel functions, and found that larger aggregates had a higher breakage rate, biomass was partitioned asymmetrically following a breakage event, and aggregates grew exponentially. Our model was then validated against several datasets with different initial aggregate size distributions and was able to quantitatively predict changes in total biomass and mean aggregate size, as well as actual size distributions. We proposed a breakage mechanism where a fraction of biomass was lost upon each breakage event, and demonstrated that even though smaller aggregates have been shown to produce more paclitaxel, an optimum breakage rate was predicted for maximum paclitaxel accumulation. We believe this is the first model to use a segregated, corpuscular approach to describe changes in the size distribution of plant cell aggregates, and represents an important first step in the design of rational strategies to control aggregation and optimize process performance. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:472–482. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Value of failure to rescue as a marker of the standard of care following reoperation for complications after colorectal resection
Authors: Almoudaris A M , Burns E M , Mamidanna R , Bottle A , Aylin P , Vincent C , Faiz O
Published: September 2011

Background

Complication management appears to be of vital importance to differences in survival following surgery between surgical units. Failure-to-rescue (FTR) rates have not yet distinguished surgical from general medical complications. The aim of this study was to assess whether variability exists in FTR rates after reoperation for serious surgical complications following colorectal cancer resections in England.

Methods

The Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database was used to identify patients undergoing primary resection for colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2008 in English National Health Service (NHS) trusts. Units were ranked into quintiles according to overall risk-adjusted mortality. Highest and lowest mortality quintiles were compared with respect to reoperation rates and FTR—surgical (FTR-S) rates. FTR-S was defined as the proportion of patients with an unplanned reoperation who died within the same admission.

Results

Some 144 542 patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer in 150 English NHS trusts were included. On ranking according to risk-adjusted mortality, rates varied significantly between lowest and highest mortality quintiles (5·4 and 9·3 per cent respectively; P = 0·029). Lowest and highest mortality quintiles had equivalent adjusted reoperation rates (both 4·8 per cent; P = 0·211). FTR-S rates were significantly higher at units within the worst mortality quintile (16·8 versus 11·1 per cent; P = 0·002).

Conclusion

FTR-S rates differed significantly between English colorectal units, highlighting variability in ability to prevent death in this high-risk group. This variability may represent differences in serious surgical complication management. FTR-S represents a readily collectable marker of surgical complication management that is likely to be applicable to other surgical specialties.
Identification and quantification of free radical scavengers in the flower buds of Lonicera species by online HPLC‐DPPH assay coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Yan‐Jing , Chen Jun , Li Ying , Li Ping
Published: September 2011

Flos Lonicerae, derived from the flower buds of several medicinal Lonicera species, is a commonly used herbal medicine with multiple pharmacological activities, one of the major ones being antioxidant activity. In this study, free radical scavengers in the flower buds of six Lonicera species were screened, identified and quantified by online HPLC‐DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) assay coupled with LC quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF MS/MS). The antioxidants were firstly screened from the complex plant matrix by the online HPLC‐DPPH assay. Then the active compounds were identified by LC Q‐TOF MS/MS, and the possible fragmentation pathways were proposed. The reactivity of antioxidants available was investigated using an internal standard method by online LC assay. The contents of 12 antioxidants were also determined or estimated by HPLC coupled with diode array detector. The total antioxidant capability determined by the online method was used as the marker to evaluate the quality of Flos Lonicerae. The results were important to clarify the material basis and therapeutic mechanism of Flos Lonicerae. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An anatomical investigation of the cervicothoracic ganglion
Authors: Marcer N. , Bergmann M. , Klie A. , Moor B. , Djonov V.
Published: September 2011

Anatomical variability within the autonomic nervous system has long been accepted. This study evaluated the anatomical variability of the cervicothoracic ganglion (CTG) according to its form and, in addition, provided precise measurements between the CTG and the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6TP), the first costovertebral articulation, and the vertebral artery. Forty‐two adult cadavers were dissected, 22 male and 20 females. Five main forms of CTG were documented; spindle (31.9%), dumbbell (23.2%), truncated (21.7%), perforated (14.5%), and inverted‐L (8.7%). The means for length, width, and thickness of the CTG were 18.5 mm, 8.2 mm, and 4.5 mm, respectively. The dimensions were found to be slightly larger in the males than females and on the left sides as compared to the right. The mean shortest distance between the CTGs and the vertebral artery was found to be 2.8 mm, whilst the mean shortest distances to C6TP was 25.7 mm and to the first costovertebral articulation was 1.7 mm. There is great variability in the morphology of the CTG with five common forms consistently seen. The relation to the vertebral artery may influence the form of the ganglion. Two previously undocumented forms are recorded; the truncated which describes the important juxtaposition of the CTG and the vertebral artery and the perforated which describes the piercing of the ganglion itself by the artery. The findings are considered to be of clinical importance to anesthetists, surgeons, neurosurgeons, and anatomists. Clin. Anat. 25:444–451, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing and implementing a constructionist approach for improving the teaching–learning process in the embedded systems and wireless communications areas
Authors: Garcia I. A. , Cano E. M.
Published: September 2011

Nowadays, there has been a real change in the traditional (Mexican) methodology for learning and teaching; the teaching of electronic sciences needs to identify the real necessities of students to avoid deficiencies in static classrooms. The benefits of the constructionist theory as a learning paradigm are widely recognized, because they support significant learning environments where students are actively related in implementing their own public artifacts; passing through passive to active learning states. Thus, the constructionist theory stresses the need to understand the student's thinking and to encourage them to reflect on their models as a means to improve them. This article aims to show the results derived from developing a constructionist platform for embedded systems and wireless communications education, using a dedicated methodology based on the constructionist theory. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:481–493, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.10.1002/cae.20574
Brand personality, self‐congruity, and preference: A knowledge structures approach
Authors: Branaghan Russell J. , Hildebrand Emily A.
Published: September 2011

Using the construct of brand personality to measure automobile and soft drink personalities, two studies represented self‐congruity by combining brands and the self‐image into Pathfinder associative networks (Schvaneveldt et al., 1989). Self‐congruity, the number of links between the self and each brand, was predictive of preference and ideal brand. Because brand personality and self‐image are knowledge structures, and facets of brand personality also describe the self, self‐congruity can be represented and measured in networks. This approach could be helpful to marketers studying how the self is related to each brand and how brands interrelate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic‐Light‐Scattering‐Based Sequence‐Specific Recognition of Double‐Stranded DNA with Oligonucleotide‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Miao Xiang‐Min , Xiong Cen , Wang Wei‐Wei , Ling Lian‐Sheng , Shuai Xin‐Tao
Published: September 2011

An ultrasensitive and simple dynamic‐light‐scattering (DLS) assay for the sequence‐specific recognition of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) was developed based on detection of the average diameter change of Au nanoparticle (AuNP) probes modified with oligonucleotides 5′‐TTTCTCTTCCTT‐ CTCTTC‐(T)12‐SH‐3′ (Oligo 1) and 5′‐TTCTTTCTTTTCTTTTTC‐(T)12‐ SH‐3′ (Oligo 2). The target dsDNA was composed of two complementary oligonucleotides: 5′‐AAAGAGAAGGAAGAGAAGAAGAAAGAAAAGAAAAAG‐3′ (Oligo 3) and 3′‐TTTCTCTTCCTTCTCTTCTTCTTTCTTTTCTTTTTC‐5′ (Oligo 4). Hybridization of the two AuNPs–Oligo probes with the target dsDNA induced aggregation of the target dsDNA by forming triplex DNA, which accordingly increased the average diameter. This diameter change could then be detected by DLS. The average diameter was proportional to the target dsDNA concentration over the range from 593 fM to 40 pM, with a detection limit of 593 fM. Moreover, the assay had good sequence specificity for the target dsDNA.
Photochemical Switching of the Phase‐Transition Temperatures of p‐NIPAM–Pt Nanoparticles Thermosensitive Polymer Composites Associated with Electrodes: Functional Electrodes for Switchable Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Junji , Riskin Michael , Tel‐Vered Ran , Tian He , Willner Itamar
Published: September 2011

The thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (p‐NIPAM) is electropolymerized onto Au surfaces. The incorporation of the photoisomerizable N‐carboxyethyl nitrospiropyran compound into p‐NIPAM allows the reversible photochemical control of the gel‐to‐solid phase‐transition temperatures of the polymer. Whereas the gel‐to‐solid phase‐transition temperature of the nitrospiropyran‐modified p‐NIPAM is 33±2 °C, the phase‐transition temperature of the nitromerocyanine‐functionalized p‐NIPAM matrix corresponds to 38±1 °C. Upon the incorporation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) into the photochemically controlled p‐NIPAM, a hybrid photoswitchable electrocatalytic matrix is formed. At a fixed temperature corresponding to 38 °C, the effective electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2, or the oxidation of ascorbic acid, proceeded in the presence of the nitromerocyanine‐functionalized p‐NIPAM, yet these electrocatalytic transformations were inhibited in the presence of the nitrospiropyran‐modified p‐NIPAM.
Polystyrene‐Supported Diarylprolinol Ethers as Highly Efficient Organocatalysts for Michael‐Type Reactions
Authors: Alza Esther , Sayalero Sonia , Kasaplar Pinar , Almaşi Diana , Pericàs Miquel A.
Published: September 2011

α,α‐Diphenylprolinol methyl‐ and trimethylsilyl ethers anchored onto a polystyrene resin have been prepared by a copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC). The catalytic activity and enantioselectivity displayed by the O‐trimethylsilyl derivative are comparable to those exhibited by the best known homogeneous catalysts for the addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins and of malonates or nitromethane to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The combination of the catalytic unit, the triazole linker, and the polymeric matrix provides unprecedented substrate selectivity, in favor of linear, short‐chain aldehydes, when the organocatalyzed reaction proceeds by an enamine mechanism. High versatility is noted in reactions that proceed via an iminium ion intermediate. The catalytic behavior of polystyrene‐supported α,α‐diphenylprolinol methyl ether was also evaluated in asymmetric Michael addition reactions. As a general trend, the CuAAC immobilization of diarylprolinol ethers onto insoluble polystyrene resins offers important operational advantages, such as high catalytic activity, easy recovery from the reaction mixture by simple filtration, and the possibility of extended reuse.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic and Structural Properties of AAl2Se4 (A: Ag, Cu, Cd, Zn) Chalcopyrite Semiconductors
Authors: Mishra S. , Ganguli B.
Published: September 2011

TB‐LMTO calculations
ChemInform Abstract: Partial Inverse Spinel Structure of Manganese‐Doped Gahnite: XRD and EPR Spectroscopy Studies.
Authors: Popovic J. , Grzeta B. , Rakvin B. , Tkalcec E. , Vrankic M. , Kurajica S.
Published: September 2011

Mn‐doped ZnAl2O4 with 0, 4.3, 7.6, and 11.7 at.% Mn (substituted for Zn) is synthesized by a sol—gel process starting with a mixture of Al(O‐sBu)3, Zn(NO3)2, Mn(NO3)2 dissolved in sBuOH (calcination in air, 800 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Relativistic Effects and Gold Site Distributions: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding in a Polar Intermetallic Na6Cd16Au7.
Authors: Samal Saroj L. , Corbett John D.
Published: September 2011

The title compound is synthesized from stoichiometric amounts of the elements (Ta container, 600 °C, 15 h) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, and LMTO‐ASA electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Decomposition of NO into N2 and O2 on C‐Type Cubic Y2O3—ZrO2 and Y2O3—ZrO2—BaO.
Authors: Tsujimoto Soichiro , Wang Xiaojing , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito
Published: September 2011

C‐type cubic Y2O3 catalysts in which the Y3+ site is partially substituted by Zr4+ and Ba2+ are prepared by coprecipitation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Rare Tetra‐Yttrium‐Supported Krebs‐Type Tungstoantimonate.
Authors: Tan Rongxin , Pang Xiaohong , Ren Yulan , Wang Xiaohong , Li Rui
Published: September 2011

Na2 [{Y(H2O) 7}4Sb2W22O76] ·14H2O is synthesized from an aqueous HNO3 solution of Y2O3 and Na9[SbW9O33], (pH 2.2 adjusted with 4 M HCl, 95 °C, 2 h, 50% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Sc‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Reactions of Thiols with Enones in Water.
Authors: Ueno Masaharu , Kitanosono Taku , Sakai Masaru , Kobayashi Shu
Published: September 2011

Under these conditions a number of organic sulfides can be prepared with good to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Formal Conjugate Addition of a Hydroxymoyl Anion to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Alonso Beatriz , Reyes Efraim , Carrillo Luisa , Vicario Jose L. , Badia Dolores
Published: September 2011

The method uses (II) as an excellent hydroxymethanimidoyl anion equivalent and a chiral secondary amine as organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Addition of Organometallic Reagents to 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones for an Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 1,2‐Allenyl Ketones.
Authors: Yu Xiuzhao , Zhang Junliang
Published: September 2011

The allenyl ketones are useful synthons for tetrasubstituted allenes and highly substituted furans.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Potassium Organotrifluoroborates to N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines.
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Takeda Momotaro , Soh Ying‐Teck , Ito Tomoaki , Hayashi Tamio
Published: September 2011

The nosyl group is easily removed under mild conditions with retaining the enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Selective Hydrogenation of Nitro Aromatics with a Platinum Nanocatalyst under Ambient Pressure.
Authors: Xu Kunling , Zhang Yuan , Chen Xiaorong , Huang Lei , Zhang Rui , Huang Jun
Published: September 2011

Pt nanoparticles supported on a porous ionic copolymer (=PICP)(based on 1,1,3,3,‐tetramethylguanidium with CO32‐ anion) efficiently promote the transformation to anilines.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Heterogeneous Platinum Catalyst for the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes.
Authors: Pandarus Valerica , Ciriminna Rosaria , Beland Francois , Pagliaro Mario
Published: September 2011

It is found that Pt nanoparticles entrapped within an organosilica matrix efficiently promote the reduction of a wide range of nitroarenes to aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Direct Esterification of Alcohols.
Authors: Liu Chao , Wang Jing , Meng Lingkui , Deng Yi , Li Yao , Lei Aiwen
Published: September 2011

The challenging esterification reactions of long‐chain aliphatic alcohols are accomplished by using P‐olefin ligand to control the selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Sulfoxides from Sulfenic Acid Anions Mediated by a Cinchona‐Derived Phase‐Transfer Reagent.
Authors: Gelat Fabien , Jayashankaran Jayadevan , Lohier Jean‐Francois , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Perrio Stephane
Published: September 2011

The reaction can be scaled up and tolerates functional groups and steric hindrance in the aryl substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Generation of the Coates Catalyst: A Practical and Versatile Catalytic System for the Carbonylation of meso‐Epoxides.
Authors: Ganji Prasad , Doyle David J. , Ibrahim Hasim
Published: September 2011

The catalytic system is effective at low loading in the carbonylation of a variety of functionalized, sterically hindered and heterocyclic epoxides to yield β‐lactones.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach to Fused Indolines via a Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Sulfonyl Azide with 2‐Ethynylaryl Methylenecyclopropane.
Authors: Li Shaoyu , Luo Yong , Wu Jie
Published: September 2011

The reaction leads to various fused N‐sulfonyl indolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 3‐Chlorooxazolidin‐2‐ones as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Jain Rakesh K. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

A series of 3‐chlorooxazolidin‐2‐one derivatives are synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,2‐ vs. 1,3‐Squaraines.
Authors: Ronchi Elisabetta , Ruffo Riccardo , Rizzato Silvia , Albinati Alberto , Beverina Luca , Pagani Giorgio A.
Published: September 2011

A method for the direct synthesis of the symmetrical and nonsymmetrical 1,2‐squarines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzologues of Nitazoxanide and Tizoxanide: A Comparative Study of Their in vitro Broad‐Spectrum Antiprotozoal Activity.
Authors: Navarrete‐Vazquez Gabriel , Chavez‐Silva Fabiola , Argotte‐Ramos Rocio , Rodriguez‐Gutierrez Maria del Carmen , Chan‐Bacab Manuel Jesus , Cedillo‐Rivera Roberto , Moo‐Puc Rosa , Hernandez‐Nunez Emanuel
Published: September 2011

Two new annulated analogues (I) of the antiprotozoal agent nitazoxanide (NIT) and its metabolite tizoxanide (TIZ), are prepared using a short synthetic route.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Annulative Direct Coupling of o‐Alkynylphenols with Oxadiazoles: A Dehydrogenative Cascade Construction of Biheteroaryls.
Authors: Hachiya Hitoshi , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: September 2011

The construction of a wide range of benzofuran‐3‐yl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives proceeds under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: New Quinolin‐4‐yl‐1,2,3‐triazoles Carrying Amides, Sulfonamides and Amidopiperazines as Potential Antitubercular Agents.
Authors: Thomas K. D. , Adhikari Airody Vasudeva , Chowdhury Imran H. , Sumesh E. , Pal Nishith K.
Published: September 2011

Among the synthesized compounds, compounds (IXa), (IXc)—(IXe), (XIc), (XVa) and (XVd) show significant antitubercular activity when compared to isoniazid.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Regio‐ and Stereo‐Selectivity: Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolo[1,2‐f]phenanthridines via Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Li Ming , Qiu Zhong‐Xuan , Wen Li‐Rong , Zhou Zhong‐Min
Published: September 2011

In the absence of a catalyst, phenanthridine, malononitriles and isocyanides give the title compounds as single diastereomers or with high diastereoselectivity, depending on the bulkiness of the isocyanide.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Synthesis of 4‐(N‐Aryl)carbamoylmethyl‐4,5‐dihydropyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Stepakov Alexander V. , Kinzhalov Michail A. , Boitsov Vitaly M. , Stepakova Liubov V. , Starova Galina L. , Vyazmin Sergey Yu. , Grinenko Elena V.
Published: September 2011

The reaction of N‐aryl maleimides (II) with aliphatic ketazines (I), (VII), and (IX) leads to the formation of 4,5‐dihydropyridazin‐3‐ones (III), (VIII), and (X) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclocondensation of 2‐Iodobenzaldehyde with Benzamidines Catalyzed by Copper(I) Iodide: A Route to 2‐Arylquinazolines.
Authors: Vypolzov A. V. , Dar'in D. V. , Ryazanov S. G. , Lobanov P. S.
Published: September 2011

2‐Arylquinazolines (III) are synthesized in good yields, whereas the use of 2‐bromobenzaldehyde (IV) affords low yields due to a competing reaction leading to dihydrotriazine (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aziridinyl Phosphonates by Modified Gabriel—Cromwell Reaction and Their Antibacterial Activities.
Authors: Dogan Oezdemir , Babiz Hakan , Goezen Ayse Guel , Budak Songuel
Published: September 2011

All new title compounds (V) and (VII) show comparably moderate to good growth inhibitory activity in reference to ampicillin and streptomycin.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Addition of Tetraethyl Fluoromethylenebisphosphonate to α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds.
Authors: Opekar Stanislav , Beier Petr
Published: September 2011

Optimum reaction conditions are examined for the addition of tetraethyl fluoromethylenebisphosphonate (I) to α,β‐unsaturated compounds of type (II) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Citrinin Derivatives from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Penicillium citrinum.
Authors: Chen Li , Liu Wei , Hu Xiao , Huang Kai , Wu Jiu‐Lin , Zhang Qi‐Qing
Published: September 2011

Isolation and structure elucidation of three new citrinin derivatives, penicitrinol C‐E, along with two known citrinin derivatives are described.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Arylimidazo[2,1‐b]benzothiazoles: A New Family of Amyloid Binding Agents with Potential for PET and SPECT Imaging of Alzheimer′s Brain.
Authors: Alagille David , DaCosta Herve , Baldwin Ronald M. , Tamagnan Gilles D.
Published: September 2011

A novel series of amyloid binding agents based on a 2‐aryl‐imidazo[2.1‐b]benzothiazole (I) scaffold are designed and synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Single‐Crystalline MnFe2O4 Ferrite Nanocrystals and Their Possible Application in Water Treatment.
Authors: Wang Ying‐Qi , Cheng Rong‐Min , Wen Zi , Zhao Li‐Jun
Published: September 2011

MnFe2O4 nanospheres and nano‐octahedra with a narrow size distribution are solvothermally synthesized from mixtures of FeSO4, KMnO4, NaOH, N2H4·H2O, and ethylene glycol (autoclave, 260 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Revisiting Glitazars: Thiophene Substituted Oxazole Containing α‐Ethoxy Phenylpropanoic Acid Derivatives as Highly Potent PPARα/γ Dual Agonists Devoid of Adverse Effects in Rodents.
Authors: Raval Preeti , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

In an effort to develop safe and efficacious compounds for the treatment of metabolic disorders, novel thiophene substituted oxazole derivatives containing α‐alkoxy‐phenylpropanoic acid (I) are designed and synthesized as highly potent PPARα/γ dual agonists.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Route to Superhard Boron‐Rich Solids
Authors: Kurakevych Oleksandr O. , Solozhenko Vladimir L.
Published: September 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Combustion Synthesis of Ceramic Oxide Nanopowders
Authors: Martirosyan Karen S.
Published: September 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Multi‐Scale Models for Transport Processes Involving Catalytic Reactions in SOFCs
Authors: Sunden Bengt , Yuan Jinliang
Published: September 2011

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminium and Gallium Clusters: Metalloid Clusters and Their Relationship to the Bulk Phases, to Naked Clusters and to Nanoscale Materials
Authors: Schnoeckel Hansgeorg , Schnepf Andreas
Published: September 2011

Review: 231 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Preparation of Bifunctional Gadolinium(III) Chelators
Authors: Frullano Luca , Caravan Peter
Published: September 2011

Review: 311 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Efficient Templates for Assembly of Rotaxanes and Catenanes
Authors: Qu Da‐Hui , Tian He
Published: September 2011

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Asymmetric Catalysis — A Perfect Match
Authors: Ranganath Kalluri V. S. , Glorius Frank
Published: September 2011

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monosaccharides and Analogues from Simple Achiral Unsaturated Compounds
Authors: Moreno‐Vargas Antonio J. , Carmona Ana T. , Moreno‐Clavijo Elena , Robina Inmaculada
Published: September 2011

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Heterocyclizations in Alkynyl‐ and Allenyl‐β‐lactams
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendrosn Pedro
Published: September 2011

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Related (βα)8‐Barrel Proteins in Histidine and Tryptophan Biosynthesis: A Paradigm to Study Enzyme Evolution
Authors: List Felix , Sterner Reinhard , Wilmanns Matthias
Published: September 2011

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Functional Molecular Shuttles Based on Organic Conjugated Molecules
Authors: Li Yongjun , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang
Published: September 2011

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge‐by‐Charge Assemblies Based on Planar Anion Receptors
Authors: Maeda Hiromitsu , Haketa Yohei
Published: September 2011

Review: 72 refs.
Bulky melamine‐based Zn‐porphyrin tweezer as a CD probe of molecular chirality
Authors: Petrovic Ana G. , Vantomme Ghislaine , Negrón‐Abril Yashira L. , Lubian Elisa , Saielli Giacomo , Menegazzo Ileana , Cordero Roselynn , Proni Gloria , Nakanishi Koji , Carofiglio Tommaso , Berova Nina
Published: September 2011

The transfer of chirality from a guest molecule to an achiral host is the subject of significant interest especially when, upon chiral induction, the chiroptical response of the host/guest complex can effectively report the absolute configuration (AC) of the guest. For more than a decade, dimeric metalloporphyrin hosts (tweezers) have been successfully applied as chirality probes for determination of the AC for a wide variety of chiral synthetic compounds and natural products. The objective of this study is to investigate the utility of a new class of melamine‐bridged Zn‐porphyrin tweezers as sensitive AC reporters. A combined approach based on an experimental CD analysis and a theoretical prediction of the prevailing interporphyrin helicity demonstrates that these tweezers display favorable properties for chiral recognition. Herein, we discuss the application of the melamine‐bridged tweezer to the chiral recognition of a diverse set of chiral guests, such as 1,2‐diamines, α‐amino‐esters and amides, secondary alcohols, and 1,2‐amino‐alcohols. The bulky periphery and the presence of a rigid porphyrin linkage lead, in some cases, to a more enhanced CD sensitivity than that reported earlier with other tweezers. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible human serum albumin binding of lipocrine: A circular dichroism study
Authors: Bertucci Carlo , De Simone Angela , Pistolozzi Marco , Rosini Michela
Published: September 2011

Lipocrine has been selected as an effective candidate for in vivo investigation because of its multiple biological properties, namely inhibition of AChE and BChE activities, inhibition of AChE‐induced Aβ aggregation, and ability to protect cells against reactive oxygen species. To evaluate the possibility for lipocrine to become a lead and to be developed as a multipotent drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) parameters need to be determined. Among ADMET parameters, distribution plays a key role in determining the lead drugability, and the drug binding to plasma proteins greatly influences the drug distribution. Here, the human serum albumin (HSA) binding of lipocrine has been studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The reversible binding of lipocrine is stereoselective as shown by the well‐defined induced CD spectrum in its binding to HSA. The intensity of the CD signal changes upon changing the [drug]/[HSA] molar ratio, showing a different behavior for a [drug]/[HSA] up to 2/1 or over this molar ratio, suggesting a binding to multiple sites. Competition experiments show that lipocrine interacts significantly with all the main binding sites on the serum carrier. A direct competition has been monitored for site II and bilirubin‐binding site, whereas a noncooperative binding should better describe the displacement observed at site I. Rac‐lipocrine and its enantiomers are characterized by two different binding modes. Almost the same induced CD spectra were obtained for both (R)‐ and (S)‐lipocrine complexed to HSA, suggesting a similar stereochemistry for the bound enantiomers. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heat transfer in a fluid through a porous medium over a permeable stretching surface with thermal radiation and variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Cortell Rafael
Published: September 2011

This paper treats about the flow and heat transfer of a viscous incompressible fluid in a porous medium over a permeable stretching surface taking into account thermal radiation and the variation of the thermal conductivity with temperature. Analytical solutions for the stream function are obtained and two cases are studied, namely, (i) prescribed surface temperature (PST case) and (ii) prescribed heat flux (PHF case). The effects of Prandtl number, permeability, suction/blowing, variable thermal conductivity, thermal radiation and surface temperature parameters on heat‐transfer characteristics are shown through tables and graphs and discussed.

Ce document concerne l´écoulement et le transfer de chaleur dans le cas d´un fluide visqueux incompressible dans un milieu poreux sur une poreux surface s´étendant en tenant compte de la radiation thermique et de la conductivité thermodépendante. Les solutions analytiques pour la fonction de courant sont obtenus et deux conditions à la frontière pour la tempèrature et le flux de chaleur sont apliquées: (i) predicted surface tempèrature (PST) et (ii) le flux de chaleur predicted (PHF). Les effects du nombre de Prandtl, perméabilité, succion/soufflage, conductivité thermodépendante, radiation thermique et de la surface tempèrature sur le transfer de chaleur sont indiqués dans des tableaux et des graphiques, puis sont discutés. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering