bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP OF YELLOW COLOR ON MILK SEDIMENT PADS TO MASTITIS1
Authors: Choi Sung S. , Forster T. L.
Published: November 2018

In a study of the relationship of yellow-colored material on milk sediment disks to mastitis, representative milk samples were examined from 400 individual quarters of 144 different cows in 7 dairy herds. Observations made included (a) California Mastitis Test (CMT) reaction, (b) yield of milk per quarter at one experimental milking, (c) leucocyte count, (d) catalase activity, (e) A-esterase activity, and (f) evaluation of a sediment disk for degree of yellow-colored material present. These observations revealed that the yellow-colored material was closely related to the other indices of mastitis. It was concluded that the yellow-colored material (a) is particulate in nature, (b) originates in the udder, and (c) the amount appearing on milk sediment disks is, in general, directly proportional to the severity of mastitis.
COMPARISON OF THE OVAL TUBE WITH THE STANDARD PLATE COUNT METHOD FOR DETERMINI NG VIABLE COUNTS OF RAW MILK
Authors: Wilson S. G.
Published: November 2018

Standard plate counts (SPC) and oval tube counts (OTC) were compared and analyzed by the statistical method on 547 samples of raw milk from the Wichita milk shed. 389 of these milks were paired as routine two-dilution standard plates vs. single tube estimates of viable bacteria; 127 were set in duplicate by each method; and 31 samples were set in replicates of five for the purpose of two-factor variance analysis. Using the criterion of the IAMFES Committee on Applied Laboratory Methods, the experimental results indicated that the comparison odds were approximately even for equivalent counts between methods (48.9% of samples); two out of five random samples showed that the oval tube counts were higher (39.6% of samples) and that one out of ten of the standard plate counts was superior (11.5% of samples). Also, revised data of differences between two-dilution SPC's and single OTC's that passed the chi-square test for goodness of fit for a normal distribution gave a significant difference of means at the 1% level (89 samples). However, with another trial run, two-factor analysis did not yield a significant difference between methods (33 samples × 5 replicates), and the F ratio of the means of the pooled variance data showed no difference in precision between methods; the interaction between samples and methods was highly significant. A comparison of the results from these experiments with data obtained in five other laboratories over a span of 25 years is shown in Table form. It was concluded that there is no significant difference between the two methods where paired estimates are based on replication, but the oval tube is preferred where time and economy are important.
VARIATIONS IN VOLUME OF MILK DELIVERED BY A STANDARD 0.01 ML LOOP
Authors: Jasper D. E. , Dellinger J.
Published: November 2018

Milk smears were prepared and the weights of milk delivered were determined following use of the syringe and use of the 0.01 ml loop. Large and significant increases in the volume of milk delivered resulted when the angle of the loop with the milk was 20° rather than 90° or when the flat surface of the loop was brought out of the milk in the manner of a dipper. Slow withdrawal of the loop resulted in loss of milk and delivery of small volumes. Delivery of 0.01 ml of milk required that the loop be held in a vertical position and withdrawn quickly, but not with forced rapidity.

The platinum loop, calibrated to deliver 0.01 ml of milk, has been used extensively for counting leukocytes in milk (1, 3, 5). Some limitations have been encountered, particularly the tendency for the loop to pick up an excessive volume of cell-laden fat from the suface of poorly mixed milk (1, 6). With well-mixed milk, leukocyte counts from smears made with the loop using carefully standardized techniques were found not to differ significantly from those made with the syringe1 (6).

Standard procedure calls for the loop to be withdrawn vertically from the milk (1, 3). It has been observed, however, that workers from different milk quality control laboratories may withdraw the loop in differing ways so that the volumes of milk removed may vary substantially (2). During the course of these studies, it also became evident that the speed with which the loop was withdrawn influenced the volume of milk delivered.

When the milk container is level, the loop is easily withdrawn vertically at an angle of about 90° to the surface of the milk, or it may be withdrawn at angles considerably smaller. When the milk container is tipped, it becomes convenient to withdraw the loop at an angle of about 20°. With the container tipped, the loop may also be used as a “dipper” by bringing it out with the broad surface almost horizontal with that of the milk. Tendencies toward use of each of these procedures have been noted in general laboratory practice.

Because leukocyte counts have become a vital part of many milk quality control programs, any causes of error inherent in use of the loop should be understood. The following observations were made in order to evaluate the nature and magnitude of differences in volume of milk delivered by the loop as a consequence of variations in the manner of withdrawal of the loop from the milk.
THE EFFECT OF SELECTED PLATING PROCEDURES ON THE BACTERIAL COUNT OF INSTANT NONFAT DRY MILK1
Authors: Smith K. L. , Mull L. E.
Published: November 2018

It was estimated that the addition of 10.5 g of instant non-fat dry milk to 99 ml of water more nearly approximated a 1:10 dilution than did the currently recommended addition of 11 g of powder. It was estimated that the addition of a gram of powder to 99 ml of water increased the volume 0.5798 ml. Incubation of plates for 3 days produced counts 71% higher than those obtained using 2 days incubation. The use of dilution blanks tempered at 45 C resulted in a 27% increase over the count obtained using dilution blanks at room temperature. The interaction between incubation time and water blank temperature indicated that the warmed dilution blanks exerted a stimulatory effect upon the microorganisms in the powder. Counts obtained using overlayed plates could be more accurately replicated but non-overlayed plates yielded counts 15% greater. The use of Standard Methods Agar produced counts 10% higher than those obtained using Milk Protein Hydrolysate Agar. Shaking dilution bottles 50 times produced counts no larger than those obtained by shaking the bottles 25 times. A pooled estimate of the variance between duplicate plates was found to be 0.0087.
EXTRACTION OF GROUND SURFACE ALONG ROADWAY FROM MOBILE LIDAR DATA
Authors: Yadav M. , Singh A. K. , Lohani B.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. High quality digital elevation model (DEM) is obtained from mobile LiDAR data and it is used in various applications like road widening, slope measurement of road side surfaces, and inundation of the roadway evaluation. Two steps algorithm is proposed to filter ground points using mobile LiDAR data. Initially unstructured input data is organized then standard deviation and flatness based approach is used to filter ground points. Proposed algorithm is tested on point cloud of test site located along 800 m of roadway. Type I, Type II and total error are 2.11%, 2.21% and 2.15%, respectively with kappa is equal to 96.61% are computed using ground filtered points and reference data points.
Utilizing GRACE and GLDAS data for estimating groundwater storage variability over the Krishna Basin
Authors: Nair A. S. , Indu J.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Groundwater is utilized intensively as a source of fresh water for irrigation and human needs. Hence, it is necessary to monitor groundwater storage for water security of the region in the future. The present study aims to evaluate the groundwater resource over the Krishna basin in South India. The basin comprises of 210 major and medium irrigation projects, which makes it important to evaluate the groundwater balance for a sustainable groundwater draft. This study evaluates the trend in groundwater anomaly derived from GRACE mascon product. Results indicate that the Krishna basin is subjected to a strong decline in groundwater at a rate of 0.34 cm per year. Further, the study explores the seasonality of precipitation and its effect on groundwater by adopting an entropy-based approach. Results indicate the combined effect of delay in precipitation to attain peak and reduced duration of the wet season as a primary reason for the decline in the groundwater storage. The result shows that the reduction in groundwater storage affects the evapotranspiration over the region.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SPACE TECHNOLOGY: AN ABSTRACTION WITH FUZZY LOGIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Mukherjee A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. India’s cooperation with International Space faring nations has a long legacy of cooperation. As India moves towards realizing its space aspirations, its co-operation for outreach and capacity building with international partners will increase. This cooperation is reflected in all spheres of national development, security and space exploration of both the primary as well as partnering nation. Policy considerations and directives acts as a key to define the future course of action for such cooperation. The paper attempts to present parameters for evaluating policy options of India’s international space cooperation with an example of India-Israel space cooperation. The paper uses fuzzy logic modeling for scoring parametric valuation for pursuing cooperation. This valuation can assist in making feasibility analysis for a collaborative mission or project with a partnering nation. These parameters include the erstwhile and ongoing collaborations and cooperation, economics of the collaborative project, security considerations, technical considerations & space ambitions. The output delivers aggregated value for ‘checks and balance’ derivatives for informed decision making.
INTEGRATED FLOOD STUDY OF BAGMATI RIVER BASIN WITH HYDRO PROCESSING, FLOOD INUNDATION MAPPING & 1-D HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Authors: Rastogi A. K. , Thakur P. K. , Rao G. S. , Aggarwal S. P. , Dadhwal V. K. , Chauhan P.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Flood is one of the most the most re-occurring natural hazard in the state of Bihar, as well as in India. The major rivers responsible for flood in the state of Bihar are Kosi, Gandak, Ghagra and Bagmati, which are the tributary rivers of Ganges. The head water catchment area of these rivers lies in the Himalayan state of Nepal. The high rainfall in Nepal, siltation of hydraulic structures, rivers and low topography of North Bihar causes flood occurrence in these areas on regular basis. Remote sensing and GIS plays an important role in mapping, monitoring and providing spatial database for all flood related studies. The present work focuses on the use remote sensing based topography and images in GIS environment for integrated flood study of Bagmati River, which is one of the most flood prone rivers of North Bihar. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) was used to create detailed sub-basin and river network map of entire Bagmati basin. The floods of July–August 2002 were mapped using RADARSAT-1 data using threshold based method. The SRTM DEM and ground based river cross-section from Dheng to Benibad stretch of Bhagmati River were used to create 1-dimensional hydrodynamic (1-D HD) model for simulating flood water level, discharge and flood inundation. Validation of simulated flood flows was done using observed water level of central water commission (CWC) from Dheng to Runisaidpur stations, with coefficient of correlation of 0.85. Finally, an integrated framework for flood modelling and management system is proposed.
ESTIMATION OF BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF WHEAT CROP THROUGH MODIFIED WATER CLOUD MODEL USING SATELLITE DATA
Authors: Yadav V. P. , Prasad R. , Bala R. , Vishwakarma A. K. , Yadav S. A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. A modified water cloud model (WCM) was used to estimate the biophysical parameters of wheat crop using Sentinel-1A and Landsat-8 satellite images. The approach of combining the potential of SAR and optical data provided a new technique for the estimation of biophysical parameters of wheat crop. The biophysical parameters estimation was done using non-linear least squares optimization technique by minimizing the cost function between the backscattering coefficients (σ0) computed from the Sentinel-1A image and simulated by the modified WCM followed by look up table algorithm(LUT). The modified WCM integrates the full account of backscattering response on vegetation and bare soil by adding vegetation fraction. The modified WCM was found more sensitive than the original WCM because of incorporation of vegetation fraction (fveg) derived from the Landsat-8 satellite data. The estimated values of leaf area index (LAI) by modified WCM at VV polarization shows good correlation (R2 = 83.08 % and RMSE = 0.502 m2/m2) with the observed values. Whereas, leaf water area index (LWAI) shows comparatively poor correspondence (R2 = 76 % and RMSE = 0.560 m2/m2) with the observed data in comparison to LAI estimation at VV polarization. The performance indices show that the modified WCM was found more accurate for the estimation of wheat crop parameters during the whole growth season in Varanasi district, India. Thus, the modified WCM shows significant potential for the accurate estimation of LAI and LWAI of wheat crop on incorporating both SAR and optical satellite data.
GEOSPATIAL APPROACH TO CATEGORIZE AND COMPARE THE AGRO-CLIMATOLOGICAL DROUGHTS OVER MARATHWADA REGION OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Authors: Kulkarni S. , Gedam S.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The present study mainly focuses on the comparison and quantification of meteorological droughts with agricultural droughts to understand their relationship to the occurrences and intensities of droughts. This study is based on analysis of the changing agro-climatological drought conditions from the year 2001 to 2017, over the districts of Marathwada, which are known to be the most drought-prone regions of the Maharashtra, India. To quantify the drought severity, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) from TRMM and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) from MODIS datasets have been derived and compared. This study indicated that the years 2002, 2009, 2014 and 2015 were the most severe drought periods over Marathwada. Parts of Nanded, Aurangabad and Latur districts were the highest drought-affected areas from last 17 years, where the frequency of agricultural drought incidence was more than eight years. Over the districts of Hingoli and Parbhani, decreasing rainfall trends plus highly negative values of SPI (≤ −1.5) in the month of July shows a major concern for agricultural activities. Positive correlation-ship (41%) was noticed between SPI and VCI during the study period, but it was not statistically significant. In the year 2015, which was one of the intense drought years, it is noted that the agricultural drought was the most influencing drought type covering about 53% of the affected area. This study thus can help in identification of drought types and their intensities with spatial extent through an area specific interdisciplinary approach which in turn will help to develop region-specific drought mitigation and management strategies.
DETECTION OF MARINE VESSELS BASED ON VARIATION OF DEGREE OF POLARIZATION
Authors: Dashondhi G. K. , Buddhiraju K. M.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. For improving security of any country, satellite images are playing vital role. Vessels detection using SAR imagery is one of the primary requirements for maritime surveillance. In this paper, the algorithm used for vessels detection has four parts. The first part includes pre-processing to reduce speckle noise, second part helps in the reduction of cross polarization by real and complex rotation of the coherency matrix, third part derives a new parameter called variation of degree of polarization (VD) and fourth one is a post processing part to connect region and fill gaps using morphological operation. The proposed algorithm is tested on ALOS PALSAR1 (space borne L band) and UAVSAR (Airborne L band) datasets and yielded promising results with a relatively few false alarms.
MAPPING SURFACE FLOW VELOCITIES OF SIACHEN AND GANGOTRI GLACIERS USING TERRASAR-X AND SENTINEL-1A DATA BY INTENSITY TRACKING
Authors: Lal P. , Vaka D. S. , Rao Y. S.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate due to global warming. Two major glaciers of India viz. Gangotri and the Siachen are chosen for the velocity mapping. The line-of-sight (LOS) velocity fields are derived using X-band TerraSAR-X and C-band Sentinel-1A datasets. An intensity-based offset tracking method is used to generate LOS velocities of the glaciers. The single look complex (SLC) images of the TerraSAR-X are converted into intensity before applying the offset tracking method, whereas the ground range detected (GRD) products from Sentinel-1A are directly used to estimate the glacier velocities. The Siachen glacier velocity is mapped using three X-band images from 2011 to 2017 and a C-band image between 2017 and 2018. The X-band images in the case of Siachen are available with the long-time interval between the master and slave images. The velocity of the glacier is observed to be around 30–40 cm day−1 from X-band and around 45–50 cm day−1 from C-band. Three X-band images in the year 2012 and a C-band image in the year 2018 are used for the Gangotri glacier velocity estimation. These images are very closely separated in time, and the velocity of the glacier is found to be 15–20 cm day−1. A dataset with a temporal gap of approximately three years is also used for the Gangotri glacier velocity estimation and observed a large difference in velocity (∼10 cm day−1) from that of shorter interval data. Therefore, for a slow-moving glacier like Gangotri, a dataset with a high temporal gap may not give a reliable result. It is also observed that X-band TerraSAR-X results are more accurate than the C-band Sentinel-1A results. The penetration depth of X-band is less compared to C-band, which might result in accurate estimation of glacier surface flow. According to the results, the velocity of the Siachen glacier is increasing at a very high rate.
MONITORING OF IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION PHENOMENA USING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR)
Authors: Mohanty S. , Carrano C. , Singh G.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The applications of synthetic aperture radars (SAR) have increased manifold in the past decade, which includes numerous Earth observation applications such as agriculture, forestry, disaster monitoring cryospheric- and atmospheric- studies. Among them, the potential of SAR for ionospheric studies is gaining importance. The susceptibility of SAR to space weather dynamics, and ionosphere in particular, comes at low frequencies of L- and P-bands. This paper discusses one such scintillation event that was observed by L-band Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS)-2 Phased Array L-type SAR (PALSAR) over southern India on March 23, 2015. The sensors also acquired data sets on four other days on which the ionosphere was quiet. Ionospheric parameter measurements of total electron content (TEC) and amplitude scintillation (S4) index from ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver at Tirunelveli was used to establish the ionospheric conditions on the days of SAR acquisition as well as to corroborate the S4 estimated from SAR. Multi-temporal ALOS-2 data sets were utilized to calculate S4 from two separate methods and the results have a good agreement with GNSS receiver measurements. This highlights the potential of SAR as an alternate technique of monitoring ionospheric scintillations that can be utilized as complementary to the highly accurate and dedicated measurements from the GNSS networks.
LONG-TERM VARIABILITY OF MODIS 3 KM AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH OVER INDIAN REGION
Authors: Shaik D. S. , Kant Y. , Mitra D. , Chandola H. C. , Suresh Babu S.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The study examined the spatio-temporal variability, validation and climatological trend of MODIS Terra and Aqua level-2 Dark Target retrieval algorithms 3-km AOD over India region during 2001–2017. Analysis reveal the MODIS AOD shows significant variability in spatial extent; Indo-Gangetic plane having high aerosol loading and Southern peninsula shows relatively low aerosol loading in all seasons. The climatological zonal averaged (throughout India) AOD500 are 0.401 ± 0.23 and 0.324 ± 0.64 for Terra and Aqua respectively whereas the ground measured all stations averaged AOD500 is 0.43 ± 1.2 during study period. For validation we obtained daily AOD data from nine ground network stations across India. MODIS 3-km AOD shows good agreement with ground measurements. A total of 5646 and 4920 data points are utilized for validation of MODIS Terra and Aqua AODs respectively and the overall correlation coefficients and RMSE values are 0.94 & 0.08 and 0.72 & 0.17 for Terra and Aqua over the Indian region. However, during monsoon season, both the MODIS AODs are highly overestimated because of atmospheric noise and turbidity. Trend slopes and significances were calculated using Mann-Kendell test at nine selected stations and whole region. AOD shows a significant positive trend (99.9% confidence level) over India with an increasing rate of 2.35 yr−1 and 2.03 yr−1 for Terra and Aqua respectively. All stations annual AODs shows the increasing trend with different significance levels except Patiala. This study reveals the potential applications of the 3-km AOD product in aerosol climatology over Indian region.
IMPACT OF LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGE ON RUN OFF GENERATION IN TUNGABHADRA RIVER BASIN
Authors: Venkatesh K. , Ramesh H.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Streamflow can be affected by a number of aspects related to land use and can vary promptly as those factors change. Urbanization, deforestation, mining, agricultural practices and economic growth are some of the factors related to these land use changes which alter the stream flow. In the present study, the impact of land use land cover change (LULC) on stream flow is studied by using SWAT model for Tungabhadra river basin, located in the state of Karnataka, India. Tungabhadra river originates in the Western Ghats of Karnataka and flows towards north-east and joins the river Krishna. The land use maps of 1993, 2003 and 2018 are used for assessing the stream flow changes with respect to LULC. Calibration and validation of the model for streamflow was carried out using the SUFI-2 algorithm in SWAT-CUP for the years 1983–1993 and 1994–2000 respectively. Statistical parameters namely Coefficient of Determination (R2) & Nash–Sutcliffe (N-S) were used to assess the efficiency and performance of the SWAT model. It was found that the observed and simulated streamflow values are closely matching, which in turn projects that the model results are acceptable. The calibrated model was used for simulation of future dynamic land use scenario to assess the impact on streamflow. The results can be used for conservation of water and soil management.
NEW INITIATIVE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) EMERGING TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN NORTH EAST FOR CAPACITY BUILDING AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES OF NORTH EASTERN SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE
Authors: Raju P. L. N. , Gupta C. , Saikhom V. , Pandit S. , Qadir A. , Singh P. S. , Chutia D. , Handique B. K. , Goswami J.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology is revolutionizing and acting as an alternative for many of remote sensing applications, particularly for very high resolution satellite requirements, considering easy of flying in the areas of persistent cloud cover like North East. According to top market reports, UAV business is growing at very fast rate. It is valued at USD 18.14 Billion in 2017 and is projected to reach USD 52.30 Billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 14.15% from 2018 to 2025.North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Umiam, Shillong, Meghalaya, which is responsible for promoting space technology tools for governance and development activities; has taken up a lead role in initiating use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for large number of applications such as natural resources management, infrastructure development, disaster response and rescue, project monitoring, research and development etc. Capacity building, training and outreach are important activities taken up by NESAC for promoting use of UAV remote sensing at central/state/academic/research institutions and individual level. As part of capacity building, NESAC has successfully organized two 2 weeks training program for UAV Remote sensing & Applications for the participants all over the country. NESAC has also organised 1 week training programs for officials from State Remote Sensing Centres of North Eastern Region and North Eastern Council. More than 100 participants have been trained from different part of the country. The focus of the training was to include all aspects of UAV Remote Sensing applications. The details of course curriculum are: basic concepts of UAV, building of UAVs, UAV flight simulation, flight planning, UAV data processing, generation of DSM/DTM/Orthomosaic, use of UAV data for different applications in the field of Agriculture, Disaster management, Forestry, Infrastructure planning, construction monitoring etc. Pilot project is also incorporated as part of the training. Apart from training programs at NESAC, large numbers of application projects (> 60 nos.) have been successfully completed. Outreach activities are also carried out which includes exhibiting UAVs at seminars, demonstration to large no. of students, showcasing UAV capabilities at disaster drills carried out by State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) etc. The new initiatives of UAV convinced all concerned at taking up UAV RS applications for governance and developmental activities. The full paper will discuss all the aspects of UAV technology and applications.
SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR INDUSTRIES USING GIS AND
MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING
Authors:   Sarath Midatana, Saran S. , Ramana K. V.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Developing countries have to be very cautious in utilizing the land as they affect the food security, cause damage to environment and an ecological imbalance might be created in the process of establishing industries to raise the standard of living of the people from poverty. India, as a developing nation with sufficient amount of arable land at present is producing surplus food which is sufficient for all the population, in the recent decades loosing productive agricultural land without proper scientific solution for industries. This is a major concern because it causes not only food scarcity but dependency on the other nations even though we have lot of industries. We need to maintain a balance between Agriculture and manufacturing sectors to have smooth run of the country’s economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the land use changes in the areas for recent years which have potential for industrial establishment through land suitability analysis (LSA) to emphasize both agriculture and industries with sustainable development. Geographic information Systems (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) are combined to distinctly identify the suitable zones for industries. Six criteria in Analytical hierarchy Process (AHP) and nine criteria in Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are evaluated by spatial analysis using ArcGIS software. Considerable amount of productive agricultural land is diverted to non agricultural purposes during last 12 years i.e., from 2004–2016, which is at first taken for industrial establishment. Results obtained by the methodology we followed have given considerable accuracy by cross checking the previously established industries with suitability regions. Thus GIS and MCDM can assist the policy makers and planning officials to get a better overview with the resources they possess to carry forward with less damage to environment and agricultural land.
WEBINAR BASED CROSSBORDER TRAINING INITIATIVE BY CEOS WGCapD ON SAR AND DISASTERS: ACHIEVEMENTS AND LESSONS LEARNT
Authors: Kumar A. S. , Ferrera H. , Aggarwal S. P. , Wood E. C.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. With the utilisation of earth observation satellite data for various national and regional resources management programs, there has been tremendous interest in learning the status of current technology and sources of data and services availability amongst the students and working professionals across the globe. Often, face-to-face training may face difficulty in getting subject experts due to increased restriction of international travel and time. Webinars come as a big relief for such programs to bring together the right speakers and participants from all over the globe. In this paper, we describe two such webinar series one on disaster management and the other on synthetic aperture radar and its applications, initiated by working group on capacity building and data democracy of CEOS. The overall participants’ feedback of these webinars are satisfactorily, and lessons learnt for further scope of such webinar series is brought out.
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS A RESOURCE FOR CUBAN CULTURAL HERITAGE: EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WITHIN THE INNOVA CUBA PROJECT
Authors: Tucci G. , Conti A. , Fiorini L. , Mei F. , Parisi E. I.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Laboratory of Geomatics for Environment and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (GECO – University of Florence) has been involved since 2011 in a process of technological transfer in collaboration with the Oficina del Historiador de La Ciudad de La Habana (OHcH). The know-how transfer concerning geomatics techniques for documentation and surveying of cultural heritage is of fundamental interest for the principal Institution designated to the protection of Havana historical centre. The first project (2011–2014) was mainly focused on the formation of specialized technicians from OHcH in the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), for documentation purposes of monumental and architectonical heritage. The ongoing project, INNOVA CUBA – “International and intersectoral intervention for the safeguard of the cultural heritage of the country” started in 2017, is funded by AICS – Italian Agency for Development Cooperation and coordinated by ARCS – Culture Solidali. The introduction of digital close-range photogrammetry represents the natural progression of this educational process, thus implementing the range of innovative surveying technologies available, in terms of instruments, software and technical know-how. The two-weeks training experience in Havana (2018) provided the participants, technical staff from OHcH and other institutions, all the necessary knowledge to be autonomously able to choose the suitable surveying technique, depending on object characteristics and on available devices, to correctly plan the survey and evaluate its metric quality. A final workshop, for a wider audience, was the opportunity to introduce future crowdsourcing photogrammetric activities, to improve the sensitivity and engagement of local community towards heritage protection and valorisation processes.
Living but Leaving: Therapy in Light and Right of Life and Death in Traditional-Cum-Contemporary Societies
Authors: Wango Geoffrey , Wairire Gidraph
Published: November 2018

Dealing with death can be demanding and anxiety provoking for counselling practitioners. There is need to focus on therapeutic strategies aimed at assisting persons deal with loss and grief. This paper explores the concept of death in traditional-cum-contemporary societies, particularly within the prevailing context of increasing death rates due to natural factors, accidents, and disease. In this paper, five themes were identiﬁed through narrative analysis. These are: individual understanding of death, socio-cultural communal meaning of death, role of religion, development in science and advancement in information seen as vital in understanding of death, and application in counselling and therapeutic support services. Overall emphasis in this paper is the need for therapists and social workers to understand death in both the prevailing culture and transcending into modern discourse in order to ﬁnd meaning in life.
Fractal-Based Computation of Heat Source Depths and Temperatures for the Soutpansberg Basin, South Africa
Authors: Nyabeze Peter K. , Gwavava Oswald
Published: November 2018

The fractal-based approach was used for computing magnetic depths and temperatures for the Soutpansberg Basin in South Africa. The average depth to the top Zt and basement depth Zo for the Soutpansberg Basin were 4.36 ± 0.28 km, 10.43 ± 0.65 km, respectively. The average temperature at depth Zt was 184.69 ± 7.66 ºC. Magnetic source depths and basal temperatures that were in the Curie point range were determined, to be within 20.35 km to 21.68 km and 549.34 ºC to 585.24 ºC, respectively. Increasing the value of the fractal parameter β from 0 to 4, had an effect of retaining deeper depths and higher temperatures. The fractal parameter values of β > 3 retained Curie point depths and temperatures that indicated basal rock types with an igneous predisposition. The fractal-based approach proved to be an improved technique as compared to the conventional centroid method.
Principle of Loyal Opposition: The Case of Political Parties in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
Authors: Awofeso Olu , Irabor Paul A.
Published: November 2018

Modern understandings of democracy not only suggest a regime in which those who govern are selected through contested elections, but more fundamentally, a system of government in which parties lose elections. Yet, the mechanism of vertical accountability whereby the people can hold the ruling government responsible depends on parties in opposition providing choices for voters while remaining loyal to the idea of governmental power. Adopting the principle of loyal opposition as the basis of this study in the Nigerian context, we try to interrogate whether the duty to serve as “government in-waiting’’ equally affects how the duty to critique the actions of the government is performed. The study further probed; can a ruling party cope with the criticism of the opposition party? To answer these questions, the study argued that it is tempting not to assume that, the institution of political party is still at its lowest ebb despite the successful democratic transition in Nigeria since 1999, and the alternation of political power resulting in the change of party in government from the People’s Democratic Party to the All Progressives Congress in 2015. These issues have consequences for the principle of loyal opposition and democratic stability in Nigeria.
ife satisfaction in elderly people – A review of theoretical issues and research in Poland .
Authors: Cherchowska Justyna
Published: November 2018

The article is a review paper on the issue of life satisfaction in seniors. Nowadays, it is very difficult for the elderly to achieve an optimum level of life satisfaction due to the changing reality and their difficulty adapting to it, changes in their functioning resulting from the aging process, abandonment by their families, poor social and living conditions or lack of proper medical care. These factors inspire reflection on the actual state of the sense of life satisfaction in seniors.
The aim of the article is to explain the concept of life satisfaction, describe the notions related to it along with similarities and differences in meaning between them, investigate and interpret contemporary theories of life satisfaction, and show the diversity of methodological approaches and relationality in conducting research on life satisfaction in seniors. The idea is also to highlight the importance of research on life satisfaction in elderly people and to develop a senior citizen policy. Data collection was based on the method of content analysis of scientific research studies in the field of social sciences.
Deinstitutionalization of the social welfare system as a chance for a life of dignity for people with care and support needs .
Authors: Chabaj-Wiater Jolanta
Published: November 2018

The article discusses the social situation of people, who are older, in a difficult socio-economic conditions, disability or chronic illness. These people require support in the twenty-four-hour living caring and nursing services forms. The article presents the system of Polish social assistance in the care facilities aspects and recommendations of the European Commission with Expert Group on the Transition from Institutional to Community – based Care, that guarantee for human rights and a better quality of life. The change of the social policy system from institutional to environmental services and implemented among the local community is discussed in this study. The argumentation for the development of these services is undeniable, because human is at the center of all assistance activities.
Children’s maintenance obligations to parents versus the right to social welfare benefits
Authors: Sierpowska Iwona , Malicka-Ochtera Anna
Published: November 2018

If they suffer privation, which means that they are unable to meet their basic needs on their own, parents are entitled to claim maintenance from their children. On the other hand, the difficult life situation caused by privation, linked with lack of self-sufficiency, is one of the reasons to claim social welfare benefits. Therefore, the same circumstances constitute the basis for financial support from both the family and the public social system. Because the laws do not explicitly define the order in which maintenance ought to be paid, this study attempts to establish the relation between the family’s and the State’s financial obligations. Based on the legal-dogmatic and analytical methods, this article presents: the essence of the right to maintenance and its forms in the Polish Social Welfare Act, the duties of the administrative bodies in bringing actions for maintenance, the consequences of failure in fulfilling maintenance obligations and of unjustified relinquishment of maintenance claims from family members. In the conclusion, the authors stress the primacy of family obligations over the State’s ones, and formulate recommendations for social welfare authorities as regards enforcing the fulfilment of family financial obligations.
Człowiek wobec kłamstwa w technologii i technonauce
Authors: Leszczyński Seweryn Łukasz
Published: November 2018

Development of technoscience and technologies in our times cause a lot of dangers regarding human being. It is happening on an unprecedented scale. Social media can manipulate posts and mediated data. Neuro-science, bio-science and technologies mixed with agencies can lead to manipulation of personal data. Even our brains are in danger because of taking part in computer games. Furthermore, in fact nobody knows how financial markets operate. All this regards people in all the world. These processes are not depending on citizens because are not recognised. Reality is endangered by falsehood: social falsehood. The article shows some of ways can provide stability and clearness in human ethic which oppose these falsehood. This ethic is based on Christian anthropology, in particular two attitudes: solidarity and protest (against badness) in opposite of attitudes conformity and avoidance. Solidarity and protest would ensure security in human ambience, eliminate unfair practices of manipulation, especially in virtual life. In view of technoscience and technologies only return to basic of human existence arouse hope for develop of human being. In spite of this anthropology which is real and positive answer for these dangers everyone have to find exit from these dangerous situations by myself.
What Are the Personal Recovery Needs of Community-Dwelling Individuals with Mental Illness? Preliminary Findings from the Canadian Personal Recovery Outcome Measurement (C-PROM) Study
Authors: Barbic Skye Pamela , Kidd Sean A. , Durisko Zachary T. , Yachouh Rosemary , Rathitharan Gausiha , McKenzie Kwame
Published: November 2018

Personal recovery is an overarching goal that underpins mental health community support and clinical services in Canada. Surprisingly, little information is available about the personal recovery needs of community-dwelling Canadians with mental illness. The purpose of this study is to describe these needs in a sample of adults living in a large urban centre. We performed a multi-site cross-sectional survey of adults who receive community-based mental health services in an urban setting. Participants were asked to complete six patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures about personal recovery, hope, mastery, and depression. We used descriptive and correlational analyses to summarize the data according to an established evidence-based theoretical conceptualization of recovery. Two hundred and twenty-eight individuals participated in the study. Participants indicated high levels of self-reported empowerment and hope and optimism about the future. In contrast, participants reported low levels of perceived connectedness, identity, and meaning in life. In conclusion, this study identified that recovery-oriented PRO measures can improve our understanding of the needs and goals of individuals with mental illness and highlight the ways in which individuals can achieve a sense of meaning in life. Understanding the recovery needs of Canadians with mental illness may help foster recovery-oriented healthcare by bringing person-centred approaches to the point of treatment, so as to ensure greater quality and accountability of mental health services.
Rewards and Challenges in Caring for Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Perspectives of Seniors’ Mental Health Case Managers
Authors: Perrella Andrew , McAiney Carrie , Ploeg Jenny
Published: November 2018

Healthcare professionals play an important role in caring for older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCC). Yet few studies have examined the experiences of working with this population, particularly among non-physicians. Twenty-two mental health professionals participated in focus groups to explore the experiences of caring for older adults with MCC. Challenges included a fragmented system, stigma, and knowledge gaps. Rewards included the challenges that complexity presented and human connections. Understanding health professionals’ experiences in working with this growing population demographic can assist in the development of appropriate interventions to support providers that best meet the needs of older adults.
Iron‐Based Superconductors: Materials Aspects for Applications
Authors: Pallecchi Ilaria , Putti Marina
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

General Aspects ofFe‐Based Superconductors

Material Preparation

Superconducting Properties

Critical Current Pinning

Grain Boundaries

Wires and Tapes

Coated Conductors

Electronic Applications
Thin Film Deposition
Authors: Wördenweber Roger
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Deposition Techniques

HTSFilm Growth and Characterization

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgment
HTS J
osephson Junctions
Authors: Tanabe Keiichi
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Various Types of Junctions

Grain‐Boundary Junctions

Ramp‐Edge Junctions

Other Types of Junctions

Summary and Outlook
Fluid Cooling
Authors: Bottura Luca , Luongo Cesar
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Bath Cooling

Internal Cooling
Cryocoolers
Authors: Kaiser Gunter , Schroeder Gunar
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Motivation

Classical Cryocoolers

Special Types of Cryocoolers
“Cryogen‐Free” Cooling
Authors: Kaiser Gunter , Kade Andreas
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Motivation and Basic Configuration

Heat Transfer Systems

Thermal Interceptors
Rotating Machines
Authors: Kalsi Swarn Singh
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Topology

Design and Analysis

Key Components and Manufacturing Issues

Outlook
SQUIDsin Nondestructive Evaluation
Authors: Krause Hans‐Joachim , Mück Michael , Tanaka Saburo
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

NDEin Static Magnetic Fields

Eddy‐Current Testing

Nondestructive Evaluation UsingSQUIDMicroscopes

Conclusion
Geophysical Exploration
Authors: Stolz Ronny
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Laboratory Instruments

Geomagnetics

Electromagnetic Methods

Gravimetry

Future Impact ofSQUIDin Geophysics
Algal Photosynthesis
Authors: Ynalvez Ruby A , Dinamarca Jorge , Moroney James V
Published: November 2018

Algae are a very diverse group of predominantly aquatic photosynthetic organisms that account for almost 50% of the photosynthesis that takes place on Earth. Algae have a wide range of antenna pigments to harvest light energy for photosynthesis giving different types of algae their characteristic colour. Early work done with algae contributed much to what is presently known about the carbon dioxide fixation pathway and the light‐harvesting reactions. The processes of photosynthesis in algae and higher plants are very similar. From among the three types of carbon dioxide‐concentrating mechanisms known in photosynthetic organisms, two types are found in different types of algae. Algae are proposed to play a role in the global carbon cycle by helping remove excess carbon dioxide from the environment. Owing to their efficient absorption and conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, algae have great potential for biotechnological and biofuel applications.

Key Concepts

Algal photosynthesis account for almost half of the photosynthetic carbon fixed every year.

Scientists have utilised different algal species, including algal mutants, to study different aspects of photosynthesis.

Algae's efficiency at pulling inorganic carbon out of the environment is dependent on growth condition, which implies the presence of an inducible carbon dioxide‐concentrating mechanism in algal cells.

The proposed mechanism for carbon dioxide acquisition in algae includes active HCO3−accumulation, Rubisco packaging in specialised structures and the presence of a carbonic anhydrase near the location of Rubisco.

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that interconverts carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, which supply Rubisco with carbon dioxide from the pool of HCO3−.

The major antenna pigments in algae include chlorophylls, phycobiliproteins and carotenoids, and the variation in the composition and relative abundance of these pigments give algae their distinctive colour.

Antenna complexes are proteins with many bound antenna pigments, which are important in absorbing light energy.

Algal photosynthesis is thought to increase when key nutrients such as N, P and Fe are available. This can sometimes lead to algal blooms.

If algal photosynthesis increased more carbon dioxide might be removed from the environment.

Photosynthetic biofuel production still is a promising alternative form of energy supply, and algal photosynthesis is the system of choice for energy applications.