bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphic tools for analysing the influence of noise and aperiodic components in the performance of digital filters: a case study
Authors: J. Lázaro  , M.A. Zorrozua  , J.F. Miñambres  , M.I. Sánchez  , B. Larrea  , I. Antiza
Published: July 2017

An accurate phasor estimation is an important task for a correct operation of control and protection devices. The presence of aperiodic components in electrical signals is a major problem for the correct performance of digital filters. In addition, their stability is heavily conditioned by the distortion resulting from the noise inherent to signal processing.
Consequently, a complete study of the behaviour of any filtering algorithm (in the presence of noise and aperiodic components) must be carried out before its implementation.
Usually, numerical performance indices are used to measure the accuracy of a proposed method. In order to ease the analysis and comparison of different digital filters, a new set of graphic tools is presented in this paper.
To illustrate the application of these graphic tools, a case study is presented with three different filtering algorithms developed for protection relaying.
Reduction in induction motor heating fed by a new PWM technique: results obtained in laboratory experiments
Authors: M. J. Meco-Gutiérrez  , A. Ruiz Gonzalez  , F. Vargas-Merino  , J.R. Heredia-Larrubia
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the laboratory results on heat produced in an induction motor stator when this is fed by a controlled inverter using a new PWM technique designed by the authors, compared to the heat produced in the same motor fed by more traditional PWM techniques.
On the dependence between the step orientation and the received direct solar radiance of a PV panel. Part II: the pseudo-equatorial orientation
Authors: Dorin Diaconescu  , Ion Visa  , Bogdan Burduhos  , Radu Saulescu
Published: July 2017

This second part of the paper approaches a problem that is referring to the energetic efficiency maximization of a tracked PV panel, which consists in maximizing the received solar radiation and minimizing the driving energy. The objective is to optimize the “received direct solar radiation” – “number of daytime tracking steps” correlation for a pseudo-equatorially tracked PV panel (Fig. 1). The solution presented is a graphical one and an analytic model will be developed in the future.
THE PATTERN OF AMERICAN RHETORIC ON THE SPIRIT OF MISSION: AN ANALYSIS ON THE TEXT OF BUSHS INAUGURAL ADDRESS
Authors: Maru Mister Gidion
Published: July 2017

As a textual study, this research paper aims at elaborating the rhetorical patterns in the American mind by examining the inaugural addresses George W Bush particularly on the spirit of mission. The study on this topic becomes urgent to be discussed in relation to the importance of understanding a rhetoric pattern in terms of developing teaching material for cross cultural awareness and language skills. The choosing of the presidents inaugural address as the mental evidences is not apart from the synthesis that they represents a formal speech which covers the socio-cultural aspects and they will bring a certain pattern of rhetoric in their attempt to communicate with public. For the purpose of achieving the aim of this research, the library research is carried out by applying Goffman?s Frame Analysis. The results show that the president constructs a certain pattern of rhetoric by using the Puritan expressions particularly for engaging American people with the spirit of mission. The rhetoric patterns are found to convey the national and world mission. The expressions used in the inaugural addresses seem to meet with peoples expectations as a new presidency is begun
THE ANALYSIS ON THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS OF THE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS ESSAYS
Authors: Sukarno .
Published: July 2017

A language learner often faces many linguistic differences, especially if the native language and the target language are from different language families. The current study investigates the grammatical errors made by the first year students of the English Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Jember, Indonesia. The data were collected from 30 participants essays of Writing 01 class (documentary data) conducted from August to December 2014. Having been identified, the errors were classified into various categorizations, and analyzed based on descriptive-interpretative method to find the possible sources of the errors. The research revealed that the learners committed ten types of grammatical errors, and the six mostly prominent errors were plural form, subject-verb agreement, verb tense, word form, subject/verb omission, and passive voice respectively. This research also showed that the errors mostly resulted from the different linguistic principles of Indonesian and English (interlingual transfer), and partly from the faulty of overgeneralization of English rules (intralingual transfer). The overt influences of Indonesian to English as well as the overgeneralization of English rules can provide the writing teachers and course designers with insightful guidelines for better understanding of the sources of errors, which in turn, can help them to apply the more appropriate approaches to manage the foreign language learners errors of the year students
ficción confesional en la obra de J. M. Coetzee
Authors: Valenzuela Ruiz José
Published: July 2017

Por su naturaleza de alterbiografía –o autobiografía del otro- y su original premisa –el autor está muerto-, Summertime presenta una contradicción ontológica que como resultado puede llegar a causar un importante desasosiego en sus lectores, incapaces de discernir entre la verdad empírica y la Verdad de la obra de Coetzee. En este artículo se analizan los mecanismos narrativos empleados por el autor para inducir esa incertidumbre en el lector y que se relacionan con distintos conceptos cognitivos asociados como la teoría de la mente, la empatía o las diferencias en el procesado de una obra ficcional y otra de carácter factual.
The Relationship between Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Hwang Hye Jin , Jung Chan Min , Kim Min Ki , Kang Min Seok , Kim Kyung-Su
Published: July 2017

Background

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between metabolic syndrome and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with related risk factors for CRS according to data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods

The KNHANES surveyed individuals >19 years of age from January 2010 to December 2011. CRS encompassed “symptom-based CRS” as defined by the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute criteria. A χ2 analysis, univariate analysis, and multivariate analysis were conducted.

Results

A total of 12,015 individuals were analyzed in this study. The prevalence of CRS in the patients with metabolic syndrome (high triglyceride level, reduced high-density lipoprotein level, and elevated blood pressure) was significantly higher than that in patients without metabolic syndrome (14.15 versus 10.16%) (p < 0.05). Allergic rhinitis was the only significant risk factor for CRS found to be associated with metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

CRS was more prevalent in patients with metabolic syndrome, especially those with allergic rhinitis, than in patients without metabolic syndrome. Accordingly, CRS should be considered in patients with metabolic syndrome and allergic rhinitis.
Short-Term Morbidity after the Endoscopic Modified Lothrop (Draf-III) Procedure Compared with Draf-IIa
Authors: Jafari Aria , Tringale Kathryn R. , Panuganti Bharat A. , Acevedo Joseph R. , Pang John , DeConde Adam S.
Published: July 2017

Background

The endoscopic modified Lothrop (Draf-III) surgery has improved treatment of recalcitrant frontal sinus disease, with favorable safety and long-term results. However, the short-term clinical and quality-of-life morbidity after Draf-III relative to less-extensive procedures has yet to be investigated.

Objective

To evaluate the surgical and quality-of-life outcomes, including the burden of follow-up care, in patients who underwent endoscopic modified Lothrop (Draf-III), and compared these results with a less-extensive intervention, the endoscopic frontal sinusotomy (Draf-IIa).

Methods

A retrospective review of early (<8 weeks) postoperative recovery of patients who underwent Draf-III (2014 to 2016) for chronic rhinosinusitis was conducted and compared with age and radiographically matched Draf-IIa controls. Primary outcomes included perioperative complications, the number of postoperative clinic visits, debridements, and steroid and antibiotic therapy days. Secondary outcomes included the change in the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores and/or subscores (domains).

Results

Thirty-eight patients (19 Draf-III, 19 Draf-IIa) were included. Patients who underwent Draf-III versus Draf-IIa required more postoperative clinic visits (4.9 ±1.7 versus 3.3 ± 0.8; p < 0.05), debridements (4.2 ± 2.0 versus 2.3 ± 0.8; p < 0.05), and antibiotic therapy days (24.4 ± 11.8 versus 15.6 ± 6.3; p < 0.05). The mean (SD) SNOT-22 scores improved for both groups (−12.7 ± 34.5 versus -9.5 ± 20.4; p = 0.74) over the follow-up period, and subscore (domain) analysis demonstrated worsening extranasal symptoms (2.5 ± 3.0 versus -1.5 ± 4.7; p < 0.05) at the first postoperative visit, and less improvement in ear/facial symptoms at the second (−0.5 ± 2.6 versus -3.9 ± 4.7; p = 0.03) and third postoperative visits (−1.1 ± 1.6 versus 3.5 ± 3.3; p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Draf-III is associated with more postoperative clinic visits, debridements, and antibiotic therapy days. The patients who underwent Draf-III demonstrated worsening of extranasal symptoms at the first postoperative visit and less improvement in the ear/facial score at the second and third visits. Informed consent and counseling patients who may require Draf-III should include a detailed discussion of the burden of postoperative care and recovery.
Sinonasal T2R-Mediated Nitric Oxide Production in Response to Bacillus Cereus
Authors: Carey Ryan M. , Workman Alan D. , Yan Carol H. , Chen Bei , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Kennedy David W. , Lee Robert J. , Cohen Noam A.
Published: July 2017

Background

Upper airway epithelial cells produce bactericidal nitric oxide (NO) in response to both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Our previous work demonstrated that T2R38, a bitter taste receptor (T2R) expressed in airway epithelium, produces NO in response to quorum-sensing molecules secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also demonstrated that Staphylococci products elicit an NO response when using a T2R-independent pathway. When screening additional human pathogens for epithelial T2R activation, we found that the gram-positive aerobe Bacillus cereus secretes a T2R agonist that yields NO production.

Objective

The objective of this study was to characterize the activating B. cereus product(s) and to describe the epithelial cell signaling pathway involved.

Methods

Sinonasal air-liquid interface cultures were treated with B. cereus conditioned medium (CM), and NO production was measured by using 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′ -difluorofluorescein fluorescence imaging. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was assessed in response to B. cereus CM. Pharmacologic studies that use inhibitors of the T2R-signaling pathway were used to determine if the production of NO was mediated by a T2R. Purification studies were performed to analyze the physical properties of the activating product(s) contained in the CM.

Results

A product(s) secreted by B. cereus induced NO production and increased CBF. The response varied markedly between individual patients and involved two important components of bitter taste signaling, phospholipase C isoform β-2 and the transient receptor potential melastatin isoform 5 ion channel.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that a B. cereus product(s) elicited an NO-mediated innate defense response in upper airway epithelium that seemed to be partially mediated by a T2R signaling pathway. The active product that elicited the NO response was likely a small nonpeptide compound, but further purification is required for identification. Patient variation in the NO response to B. cereus products could potentially be due to genetic differences in T2Rs.
Baif Characteristics Wave And Optics To Train Science Literacy Ability By Rvgm Of Junior High School Students
Authors: Hasan Azimatun Ni’mah , Mahardika I Ketut , Yushardi Yushardi
Published: July 2017

This article describes BAIF characteristics (physics textbook) to train science literacy ability through VGM representation of junior high school students. The aim of the research is how BAIF characteristics to train science literacy ability through VGM representation of junior high school students. The aim of research can be described as two problems. First, is BAIF consist of the example of application refer to science literacy ability? Second, how is the BAIF writing pattern for junior high school students? Type of this research is R & D (Research and Development). The research is started by collecting qualitative data, and then arranging draft of BAIF until to be BAIF which ready to validation. The subject of research is BAIF to train science literacy ability through VGM representation of junior high school students. The respondents of research are students of an 8th-grade junior high school in the even semester. The technique of collecting data is observation, questionnaire, test, and document. The result of the research shows that BAIF characteristics has been consisting the example of application to train science literacy ability through VGM, and has a pattern of writing order such as title, a title of sub topic, material feature, the example of exercise item, exercise item as competence test, and references.
Prevalence of Human Intestinal Parasitic Nematode Among OutPatients Attending Wudil General Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Muazu Lurwan , Abdullahi Yahaya , Umar Zaharaddeen
Published: July 2017

A prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of human intestinal parasitic nematodes among outpatients
attending Wudil General Hospital, Wudil Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. A total of 56 stool
samples were randomly collected from the outpatients; processed and examined (macroscopic and microscopic) by formal
ether sedimentation techniques. The prevalence of human intestinal parasitic nematode among the patient in the study area
was 46.4%. The Males had the highest (48.98%) infection rate, while females had the least (28.6%) prevalence rate,
however, this is not statistically significant (p>0.05). The 36-40years age groups had the highest prevalence of 75%, while
21-25years age groups had the least prevalence rate of 25%, the difference in prevalence among the ages was found to be
statistically not significant (p>0.05). Strongyloides stercoralis had the highest prevalence of 30.36% while Trichuris
trichiura had the least prevalence rate of 3.57%, the differences among the species of human intestinal parasitic nematode
was found to be statistically not significant (p>0.05). The control of human intestinal parasitic nematode should be done
by adopting drug treatment for those already infected similar to the national immunization program, improve standard
sanitation and health services in Wudil L.G.A, particularly the rural area.
Sucrose and Facilitated Tucking for Pain Among Neonates Receiving Vaccination, in Puducherry
Authors: S. Sujatha , Samson Rebecca , Amalraj Christopher , Sundaresan Sundaresan
Published: July 2017

Neglected pain in neonates leads to various ill effects and it can be prevented by using simple and safe non-pharmacological
pain relieving measures. Pharmacologic agents are not recommended in neonates for acute pain due toinvasive procedures
however, administration of 24% oralsucrose solutionis found to be effective. The objective of this study was to assess the
efficacy of 24%oral sucrose in combination with Facilitated tucking during BCG Vaccination through intradermalroute in
term neonates which is not done elsewhere. Fifty five healthy term neonates who fulfilled the inclusion criteria such as
gestational age above 37 weeks, within 24 hoursof birth age, and neonates delivered only through spontaneous vaginal
delivery were included in the study. The study intervention consists of administration of 2 ml of oral 24% sucrose 2 minutes
before BCG Vaccination through intradermal route and Facilitated tuckingat the time of vaccination. The primary outcome
measure of cumulative NIPS score at 0, 3,5 minuteswas not significant in both the study groups. Whereas there was
significant reduction in the level of pain and mean cry time in the neonates of sucrose group. Heart rateand oxygen
saturation after intradermal injection also showed significant (p less than 0.001) differenceamong the neonates, who received 24%
of oral sucroseand Facilitated tucking than for neonates of control group. Thus oral (24%)sucrose solution given 2 minutes
before injection was effective in reducing level of neonatal pain following Intradermal Vaccination. It is a simple, safe and
fast acting analgesic and should be considered for minor invasive procedures in term neonates which last for 5-7minutes.
The Youth Language as Witness of Changes in Albania after ‘90s
Authors: Kazazi Entela Shingjergji
Published: July 2017

Language is a communication and expression tool which at any time and in any society is presented in different versions in dependence of many factors. In sociolinguistic viewpoint when we investigate the links between language and social context, is noted that the language is very diverse, changes in time, in space, in different classes or social strata and in concrete situations. This paper aims to present a comparative view between youth slang, namely the vocabulary used by them in Albania before the 90s with the one after '90s. We tried to argue that the language is made in certain circumstances, especially under the pressure of factors out-linguistic, witness or mirror of the social mentalities. However, this is a superficial treatment, which will be the subject of a more detailed research in the future.
The Importance of Four Skills Reading, Speaking, Writing, Listening in a Lesson Hour
Authors: Sadiku Lorena Manaj
Published: July 2017

Teaching and learning are two basic processes underlying the activity of students and teachers nowadays. Learning process puts both parties toward each other , what it teaches , and what it takes, the teacher and the student. Today takes great importance to the training of students to teach themselves , their education, equipping them with the skills of independent work with the most advanced methods of learning conscious , sustainable , active and creative. The purpose of this topic is to know the importance of usage of all skills during a lesson hour. The teacher is free to use a variety of methods and strategies of teaching / learning to suit the needs of students in different classes. He combines these methods during the learning process and adapts according to the increasing development of linguistic competence and independence of student development, the consistency of this process. Teaching has at its center the method of communication, task -based methods, functional methods and situations as real life etc . These methods are realized through various strategies and techniques, according to language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing) . Teacher and students collaborate on the organization of teaching / learning. To facilitate the teaching / learning, the teacher finds efficient ways to organize communication activities , provides and suggests source materials for students. In contemporary teaching teacher does not only play the role of teachers, but also plays the role of supervisor. Together they establish cooperative relations in the process of learning . The teacher clarifies the students and takes their understanding of what happens in the classroom. This means clarifying the rules of the line of work and responsibilities of students in the process of activities. The teacher suggests and provides the use of audiovisual means , electronic , and helps students to use various forms of information technology within and outside the classroom . It gives students the website in accordance with the age and educational requirements . On a teaching hour should be applied all four language skills strategies , but they escalate from level to level depending on the objectives . Setting the students in the spotlight makes the student actively participate in linguistic interaction , preparing it for a new phase of his education or of being able to face the demands of the labor market.
The Traditional Conception of Diathesis (Voice) and a Modern View to It
Authors: Deda Albana , Lumezi Leonora
Published: July 2017

Since the antiquity, diathesis has been analyzed in linguistic theories as a morphological category of the verb. Consulting the earliest papers, there could be noticed that Greek tradition makes mention of active, passive and middle verbs, whereas in Latin papers we find active and passive verb forms. (There must be said that during this linguistic period the term diathesis could hardly be found. The above mentioned terms referred to the classification of verbs). During the Medieval Age linguists defined the same concept of diathesis. Most of the traditional grammars of many contemporary languages hold the same view, without any significant differences. In traditional Albanian papers diathesis or voice is defined as a morphological category that expresses relations between the verb (the traditional predicate) and the subject. There has been made a division between active and non-active voice. Non-active voice verbs are further divided into: passive, reflexive and middle voice. Empirical studies show that it is difficult to make a distinct and final classification of verbs in terms of the different patterns in which it can be found. This inference is made taking into consideration abundant examples from the Albanian corpus, showing that a verb can be used intransitively in some patterns and transitively in others. The voice division of verbs provided by the Albanian grammars reveals a gap in the examination of the formal and especially the semantic aspect. There are many semantic and formal arguments that lead us to the conclusion that the traditional definition of diathesis is problematic. In our view, this process should be treated as a wider phenomenon that includes more than the morphological aspect. The Valency Theory could be an alternative approach that provides a better solution to this problem.
Challenges in Children's Literature Translation: a Theoretical Overview
Authors: Alla Aida
Published: July 2017

There is an increasing demand for translation of children’s literature nowadays and this demand is accompanied by an increased need for the researchers to study the nature and feature of such a discipline. It is worth mention that the word “children’s literature” in English-speaking countries is a broader term covering children, adolescents and sometimes young adults. The present paper aims to highlight some comprehensive theoretical aspects concerning children’s literature translation. Special attention is paid to the issues which have generated lots of intense and ongoing debates among theoreticians as to which translation strategies and procedures would be more beneficial to the target language child reader. Before elaborating on such issues, this paper casts some light on the various definitions of children’s literature and its characteristics, its status and the role it exerts on the potential readership. Ambivalence of children’s literature – the texts being addressed to both children and adults – constitutes one of the biggest challenges for the author and the translator of children’s literature alike. Such a phenomenon is investigated in this paper illustrated with some book titles. Another feature which is tackled in this paper is that of asymmetry, which refers to the unequal communication levels between adults and children. Finally, conclusions will be drawn regarding to most popular theoretical trends of children’s literature and children’s literature translation.
The Meanings of Prefix “Over”
Authors: Tomić Božana , Novaković Jelena
Published: July 2017

The rules of word formation undergo changes from day to day. Prefixes become productive or lose their productivity. The aim of this paper is to examine the various meanings of prefix over- in English. Although it has its specific distinct meaning which is 'excessive' or too much, it can also imply other meanings. The prefix over- is used to form many different words, so it is very productive in constantly forming new words. Some of the words with over- represent recent coinages and some are very old dating back to the 16th century.
Myth and Antimyth in the Fictions of Socialist Realism in Albania
Authors: Misiri Laureta
Published: July 2017

The process of formation of socialist realism in literary creativity goes hand in hand with the crystallization of social awareness "down", within the psychology of the masses and "up", with the strengthening ideological party institutes of state. Endless discourses among the circles of artists on this plane, so competent is the new artistic unity as "the soc-realistic method" that obtained the status of state doctrine. In 1936 the Soviet government undertook measures to implement the undisputed total soc-realistic method all the arts in the USSR. Socialist realism becomes the dominant term in the science of Soviet literature and art sciences from the thirties to mark "basic approach" which "requires the artist to introduce the concrete historical truth of reality in its revolutionary development", so the literature had to be created with the task of educating the workers in the spirit of socialism. The notion aesthetic "realism" was related to defining "socialist", brought the practice of literature and arts submission to ideology. Demands of using the socialist realism techniques in fact became an obstacle, an anxiety to halt creativity that for years was avoid against the spiritual life of the people, so the writers created in the majority mediokre works of conformist who became propaganda trumpets. In the late ‘80s realism becomes literary and historical term, but in the embryonic stage of many characteristics, the soc-realism literature is determined as "heroic realism", "monumental", "social", "biased" and as if the category of “folk" is the basic principle of a work of art where the mythical watches in the mirror its other part of the medal.
Herzberg's Motivation- Hygiene Theory Applied to High School Teachers in Turkey
Authors: Ataliç Hilmi , Can Ali , Cantürk Nihal
Published: July 2017

The authors of this study sought to examine the job satisfaction and motivational level of high school teachers regarding the Hygiene and Motivator factors as identified by Herzberg and to find out the effect of fulfillment of Hygiene and Motivator factors on motivation of high school teachers. A questionnaire titled the quantitative data from Lester’s (1987) TJSQ assessment of teacher job satisfaction and Hoy et al. ’s (1991) OCDQ-RS assessment of school climate were used to collect data for the study. While the data for the study was analyzed using multiple statistical procedures: mean point value, standard deviation, and variance, t-test of significance and One-way-analysis of variance (ANOVA). A paper survey has been distributed to 198 respondents who are all actively involved in high school teaching in Isparta, Turkey. However, Frederick Herzberg's theory which states that what he terms hygiene (job context) factors contribute to dissatisfaction while motivator (job content) factors relate to satisfaction, the study indicates that both hygiene factors and motivation factors contribute to satisfaction and especially, hygiene factors were more satisfying factors in the high school teachers group.
3D in-Situ Stress Model of Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project Area
Authors: Basnet Chhatra Bahadur , Panthi Krishna Kanta
Published: July 2017

Reliable estimation of in-situ stress state is very important in implementing the shotcrete lined/ unlined tunnels and shafts. The in-situ stress state of the area of concern is mainly governed by the gravity-induced stress, tectonic activity of the earth’s crust and topographic condition of that area. The local tectonic and geological environment such as faulting and shearing activities in general influences the magnitude of tectonic stress level. The Himalayan region is renowned with its active tectonic movement (earthquake activities), which causes accumulation and sudden release of strain energy instigating changes in the stress environment. This paper aims to evaluate in-situ stress state at the Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project, where shotcrete lined/ unlined headrace tunnel with considerable hydrostatic head is being implemented. A detailed assessment of the in-situ stress state is carried out by using both measured data and three-dimensional numerical analysis using FLAC3D. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 21, July, 2017Page: 34-41Upload Date: July 18, 2017
Optimizing Location of Cutoffs to Improve Safety and Economy of Hydropower Projects
Authors: Khanal Anup
Published: July 2017

Large numbers of perennial rivers flowing through steep gradient has made Nepal an ideal place for hydropower development. Development of hydropower project in most economical way possible is the first prerequisite to get maximum benefit from harnessing water resources. The maximum benefit can be achieved only through optimal design of the project. Each project component must be designed considering the required level of factor of safety, performance standards of each component and economy. On this backdrop, this paper intends to optimize the location of cutoffs in headworks to get maximum benefits from use of it in terms of safety and economy.Improper placement of cutoff not only reduces the factor of safety against piping but also curtails the project benefits due to excessive seepage flow. Piping (internal erosion of soil particles under structure) is associated with high exit gradient. It threatens the structural stability and ultimately leads to failure of structure while as excessive seepage flow limits the availability of flow for power generation and reduces the project benefits. So, the optimal design of headworks is an attempt to identify the best location of cutoff to control seepage flow and reduce exit gradient. Five different cases representing different location of cutoff were analyzed and their roles in controlling seepage flow and reducing exit gradient was evaluated to optimize the cutoff location. 2D Finite Element Method (FEM) was used for the seepage analysis. The analysis showed that cutoffs are essential to control seepage flow when dam/weir is founded in pervious soil. However, the best location to place cutoff must be adroitly identified to reap maximum benefit from use of cutoff. The analysis reveals that the role of central cutoff in controlling seepage flow and reducing exit gradient is very limited. Likewise, the u/s cutoff has minimum effect in reducing exit gradient but the d/s cutoff seemed very effective in reducing exit gradient resulting increased factor of safety against piping. Hence, this paper concludes that the d/s end is the optimal location to place cutoff to improve safety and economy of the project. In addition, the use of both u/s and d/s cutoffs extend positive roles both in controlling seepage flow and reducing exit gradient. However, in author’s opinion the construction cost of two cutoffs must be compared with benefit added by use of two cutoffs over use of single d/s cutoff.  HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 21, July, 2017Page: 42-44Upload Date: July 18, 2017
Challenges in Estimating Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) Using Weather Radar Observation Over the Mountainous Country of Nepal
Authors: P.C. Shakti , Maki Masayuki
Published: July 2017

South Asian country Nepal characterizes a complex mountain range in this world. The country’s population density is increasing along with rapid growth of population especially over mountainous cities, southern hills and the Terai. On the other hand, a number of fatal natural calamities, such as flash flooding and landslides raised by clutter intensive rainfall, have been increasing since the last decade. To deal with such water hydro meteorological disasters, accurate information on spatial and temporal variation of rainfall distribution is very important. In Nepal, the amount of rainfall has been obtained from limited rain gauge networks, which may leads to many errors in making a Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE). Weather radar observations have recently been highlighted as an alternative option for estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation across specified time intervals. However, estimating rainfall from radar observation has its own challenges, especially over a mountainous country like Nepal.Another mountainous country Japan is well known for using weather radar observation to make QPE product. Different types of weather radar have been used to record, monitor and forecast precipitation in Japan for both operational and research purposes. A high level research work has also been done on this field. The high spatial and temporal (250-m and 1-min) QPE product obtained from the radar observation is available for the public. It shows good harmony with ground data in the flat and mountain areas of Japan. Though Nepal and Japan are located in different regions, both countries represent complex mountain regions and have been facing natural disaster caused by extreme rainfall. In Nepal, weather radar observation for estimating precipitation amounts has not started on an operational basis till date. Hence, sharing knowledge and skills from Japan’s research on weather radar observation would play a key role to achieve the radar based QPE product in Nepal. Therefore, we discuss about the challenge in obtaining QPE product, considering an example of the progress of weather radar system in Japan. It is believed that any discussion on it will be a reference for weather radar deployment and its QPE product in Nepal in coming days.  HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 21, July, 2017Page: 50-59Upload Date: July 18, 2017
Hydro Nepal Excellence Awards Brief
Authors: Thapa Jayanti
Published: July 2017

Not Available.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 21, July, 2017Page: 1-2Upload Date: July 18, 2017
A STUDY OF A PULSAR WIND DRIVEN STRUCTURE IN FAR-INFRARED IRAS MAP AT LATTITUDE -10º
Authors: Jha Ajay Kumar , Aryal Binil
Published: July 2017

A systematic search of dust structure in the far infrared (100 μm and 60 μm) IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) survey was performed using Sky View Observatory. In order to find the possible candidate, we used SIMBAD database to locate discrete sources in the region. A deep cavity-like isolated far infrared dust structure (size ~ 4.46 pc × 2.23 pc) at galactic longitude: 284.360o, galactic latitude: -9.549o was found at the distance of about 375 pc. We have studied the flux density variation and then calculated temperature and mass profile of the dust and excess mass using data reduction software ALADIN 7.5 within this region. The dust color temperature was found to lie in the range 23.40 K to 29.28 K. An offset temperature of about 6.0 K was found. The total mass of the dust structure was found to be about 2.55×1027 kg and the excess mass per pixel was 2.52×1024 kg. We also studied the rate of mass loading around the structure. The energy of the pulsar required to create that in homogeneity in the structure was calculated to be 5.04×1036 J. Possible explanations of results will be presented.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2017, 22 (1): 1-9
IONOSPHERIC EFFECT OF NON-STORM HILDCAA (HIGH INTENSITY LONG DURATION CONTINUOUS AURORAL ACTIVITY)
Authors: Adhikari Binod , Mishra Roshan Kumar , Pandit Drabindra , Bhattarai Binod , Chapagain Narayan Prasad
Published: July 2017

The magnetosphere of the Earth is temporarily changed by geomagnetic disturbances. Geomagnetic disturbances are caused by solar wind, shock wave or clouds of solar magnetic field. During their interactions energy is transferred into the magnetosphere. Apart from this, solar wind pressure also compresses the magnetosphere. Both kinds of interactions cause an increase in plasma movement through the magnetosphere and ionosphere. The geomagnetic disturbances may sustain for a few minutes to many hours depending upon the intensity of energy and particles released from the Sun. The geomagnetic disturbances are measured by geomagnetic indices for short periods of time. In this work, we discuss the impact of peculiar type of geomagnetic disturbances known as high intensity long duration continuous auroral activity on the Earth’s ionosphere. This analysis leads to understand the impact on communication system due to coupling between solar terrestrial environments. It will also broaden the various aspects on how ionospheric critical frequency (foF2), F2 layer peak density height (hmF2), high frequency (hF) and horizontal component of earth magnetic field can be lifted from lower to higher altitudes.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, page: 34-40
QUASI-CONFORMAL CURVATURE TENSOR ON SASAKIAN MANIFOLDS
Authors: Shah Riddhi Jung , Shukla N. V. C.
Published: July 2017

In this paper we studied some curvature properties of quasi-conformal curvature tensor on Sasakian manifolds. We have proven that a -dimensional Sasakian manifold satisfying the curvature conditions and is an Einstein manifold. We have also obtained some results on quasi-conformally recurrent Sasakian manifold. Finally, Sasakian manifold satisfying the condition was studied. 12n 0 ., S Y XR0 ., W Y XR0 divWJournal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 94-98
SEQUENTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF METHYL SIDE GROUP IN NAPTHOQUINONE AND ANTHRAQUINONE TO INVESTIGATE SENSITIVITY OF THE CARBONYL BAND
Authors: Raut Nabin Kumar , Lamichhane Hari Prasad
Published: July 2017

In this work, we have added methyl side group (s) on quinone and aromatic ring carbon positions of 1, 4-naphthoquinone (NQ) and on aromatic ring carbon positions of 1, 4-anthraquinone (AQ) in sequential increasing order to check sensitivity of the carbonyl band. In NQ, we observed that the aromatic substitution is more sensitive than the quinonic substitution. In fact, the sequential addition of CH3on the quinone ring C5 and C6 positions lead into the systematic lowering of the band and such lowering is in average of 5 cm-1 per methyl group. On the other hand, addition on the aromatic ring C7, C8, C9, and C10 positions resulted in mix effect. Indeed, they produce two types of carbonyl band, which are couple and uncouple. For further exploration of the sensitivity of the carbonyl band, we put single or two methyl group (s) on C7, C8, C9, and C10 carbon positions producing four or six NQ model molecules. We concluded that the carbonyl intense bands are more sensitive, split up, to the aromatic ring methyl substitution at C7 or C10 position. Furthermore, in AQ couple mode of C=O vibration was observed and no splitting of the band was seen on sequential CH3 addition.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 137-146
HEPATOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF SELECTED PLANTS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN MICE
Authors: Gyawali Rajendra , Shrestha Amita , Khanal Ashma , Pyakurel Jyoti Sharma , Joshi Nishchhal , Bajaj Pankaj , Chaudhary Pushparaj , Thapa Roshni
Published: July 2017

The hepatoprotective properties of the ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum peels, Crataeva religiosa leaves and Jasminum polyanthrum leaves were evaluated for the paracetamol induced liver toxicity in mice. Antioxidant, cytotoxicity and phytochemical screening were carried out to assure the therapeutic efficacy of these plants. Oral administration of plant extracts for 7 days in mice significantly reduced the impact of paracetamol toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and total protein. The extract showed significant hepatoprotective effects as evidenced by decreased serum enzyme activities like ALT, AST and changed total protein. The phytochemical and antioxidant studies also supported that plant extract markedly reduced the toxicity due to presence of antioxidant phytochemicals. The result suggests that Jasminum polyanthrum is potent hepatoprotective agent against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in mice.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 147-151
CURRENT STATUS OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND ITS PROBLEM IN NETROKONA MUNICIPAL, DHAKA
Authors: Datta Rajon Kanti , Alam Ohidul , Hossain Mohammad Mozaffar
Published: July 2017

Rapid and haphazard urbanization has triggered environmental hazards in Bangladesh. Analogously, Netrokona Municipal is also facing problems due to unplanned and unstable urban infrastructural development. The quest of the study was to explore the status of current urban drainage system and its problem. Therefore, a preliminary reconnaissance survey was accomplished in the study area and then a semi-structured questionnaire was designed. By adopting simple random sampling method, the study area was surveyed covering 50 respondents in different wards to collect primary data. Results revealed that poor drainage system (PDS) is one of the most liable factors for environmental deterioration. The maximum urban drainage system was found unclosed with number of 49 (i.e., 98%). It was 34 drains were made of brick, while 17 were worst type, 32 had odor problem, 20 were not well designed, 29 had inadequacy of drains,18 with poor technical fitness, 22 wastes disposal in gutters,18 had clogging of ditches & drains, and 15 with broken road surface respectively. The consequent major environmental and health problems were flash-flooding (42%), and skin disease (38%) respectively. In case of public opinion, the highest percentage (i.e., 30%) suggested to stoutly prohibit dumping of garbage into gutters. PDS was found strongly positive correlated with its effects on environment (r=0.98) and on public health (r=0.91). Thereby, present PDS affects the environment as-well-as public health by enhancing frequent flash-floods and spreading diseases within the study area.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 165-178
Engaging Anthropology in an Ebola Outbreak
Authors: Venables Emilie , Pellecchia Umberto
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The articles in this special issue demonstrate, through ethnographic fieldwork and observations, how anthropologists and the methodological tools of their discipline became a means of understanding the Ebola outbreak in West Africa during 2014 and 2015. The examples, from Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone, show how anthropologists were involved in the Ebola outbreak at different points during the crisis and the contributions their work made. Discussing issues including health promotion, gender, quarantine and Ebola survivors, the authors show the diverse roles played by anthropologists and the different ways in which they made use of the tools of their discipline. The case studies draw upon the ethical, methodological and logistical challenges of conducting fieldwork during a crisis such as this one and offer reflections upon the role of anthropology in this context.
Schockbilder auf Zigarettenpackungen – Unternehmerfreiheit und Gesundheit
Authors: Adamski Heiner
Published: July 2017

Rauchen und auch sog. Passivrauchen ist mit Gefährdungen der Gesundheit verbunden. Ein dramatischer Bericht sagt, dass WHO-Experten in diesem Jahrhundert bei etwa einer Milliarde Menschen Zusammenhänge zwischen Rauchen und Todesursache erwarten. Die jüngste und bislang radikalste Maßnahme der EU gegen den Tabakkonsum ist eine sog. EU-Tabakrichtlinie. Die Richtlinie schreibt insbesondere vor: Gesundheitsrelevante Warnhinweise müssen auf den Verpackungen von Tabak und ähnlichen Produkten angegeben werden. Gegen die EU-Tabakrichtlinie gab es Klagen vor dem Europäischen Gerichtshof. In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland gab es gegen einige Umsetzungen der EU-Tabakrichtlinie in das deutsche Recht eine Verfassungsbeschwerde beim Bundesverfassungsgericht. Der Beitrag beschreibt Voraussetzungen der Regelungen und kommentiert die Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts.
„Mobilisierung für die Werte der Republik“. Frankreichs bildungspolitische Antwort auf die „fragmentierte Gesellschaft“
Authors: Busch Matthias , Morys Nancy
Published: July 2017

Die islamistischen Terroranschläge im Januar 2015 haben in Frankreich die Debatte über die Relevanz der republikanischen Werte erneut entfacht und zu einer umfänglichen Reform der politischen Bildung geführt. Der Aufsatz gibt einen Einblick in die Konzeption der Reform und den öffentlichen Diskurs.
Gabriele Muschter/Rüdiger Thomas, Frauen in Deutschland, Eine Geschichte in Bildern, Quellen und Kommentaren
Authors: Ostner Ilona
Published: July 2017

Frauen in Deutschland ist dreierlei in einem: ein Katalog zu „virtuellen“ Ausstellung, zugleich punktueller Kommentar und Quellensammlung. Das Buch regt zum Vor- und Zurückblättern und zum Schmökern an. Es bietet überraschende, teils herzzerreißende Einblicke (gerade im Kontext der aktuellen Flüchtlingskrise), z.B. Bilder von Kindern in den Nachkriegswirren, die verzweifelt ihre Eltern suchen, und von Eltern, die ihre Kinder vermissen. Frauen in Deutschland enthält eine Fülle an vermutlich wenig bekannten Bildern aus dem Leben von Frauen und Familien in der DDR, die allein eine Ausstellung gelohnt hätten. Diese Bilder werden kontinuierlich thematisch ähnlichen Bildern aus der alten Bundesrepublik gegenübergestellt.
Social Impact Bonds and the Perils of Aligned Interests
Authors: Maier Florentine , Meyer Michael
Published: July 2017

Social impact bonds (SIBs) have been welcomed enthusiastically as a new funding tool for social innovation, yet also condemned as an instrument that neglects beneficiaries’ and taxpayers’ interests, opening profit opportunities in the field of social politics for smart private investors. We will shed a more analytical light on SIBs, assuming that, like any contract, SIBs try to align interests between partners with partly converging, partly diverging goals. Thus, it remains mainly a matter of negation, and non-profit social service providers as well as public agencies should avoid particular perils and pitfalls.