bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical investigations of a new two-dimensional semiconducting boron–carbon–nitrogen structure
Authors: Lu Yihua , Zhu Xi , Wang Min
Published: January 2020

A predicted 2D BCN structure has a direct band gap and is a good candidate for electronic and optical applications.
Gas-phase molybdenum-99 separation from uranium dioxide by fluoride volatility using nitrogen trifluoride
Authors: McNamara Bruce K. , O'Hara Matthew J. , Clark Richard A. , Morrison Samuel S. , Soderquist Chuck Z. , Scheele Randall D.
Published: January 2020

Data demonstrates large variance in the volatilization temperatures of MoO2 (likely as MoF6) vs. UO2 (as UF6). This forms the basis of a gas-phase separation of 99Mo from U.
Light-printable epoxy oligomer wrinkle-forming surface for rewritable information storage
Authors: Xu Lin , Azhar Umair , Chen Zizhao , Niu Qingxia , Chen Jian , Zhao Xiaohan , Zhang Shuxiang , Zong Chuanyong
Published: January 2020

A novel rapidly responsive media for rewritable information storage comprised of an azobenzene-containing epoxy-based oligomer displaying surface wrinkling was developed.
Selectivity engineering of Meerwein arylation in a continuous flow reactor: a modelling approach
Authors: Shukla Chinmay A. , Atapalkar Ranjit S. , Kulkarni Amol A.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a methodology for selectivity engineering of Meerwein arylation in a flow reactor.
Effects of fluorine substitution in quinoidal oligothiophenes for use as organic semiconductors
Authors: Yamamoto Keitaro , Kato Shin-ichiro , Zajaczkowska Hanna , Marszalek Tomasz , Blom Paul W. M. , Ie Yutaka
Published: January 2020

Fluorine substitution on quinoidal oligothiophenes has advantages for tuning the electronic properties and for constructing p-type/n-type complexes.
Retraction: Sublimable cationic Ir(iii) phosphor using chlorine as a counterion for high-performance monochromatic and white OLEDs
Authors: Ding Lei , Zang Chun-Xiu , Mao Hui-Ting , Shan Guo-Gang , Wen Li-Li , Sun Hai-Zhu , Xie Wen-Fa , Su Zhong-Min
Published: January 2020

Retraction of ‘Sublimable cationic Ir(iii) phosphor using chlorine as a counterion for high-performance monochromatic and white OLEDs’ by Lei Ding et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 11761–11764.
The OTELO survey
Authors: Bongiovanni Ángel , Ramón-Pérez Marina , Pérez García Ana María , Cerviño Miguel , Cepa Jordi , Nadolny Jakub , Pérez Martínez Ricardo , Alfaro Emilio J. , Castañeda Héctor O. , Cedrés Bernabé , de Diego José A. , Ederoclite Alessandro , Fernández-Lorenzo Mirian , Gallego Jesús , de Jesús González José , González-Serrano José Ignacio , Lara-López Maritza A. , Oteo Gómez Iván , Padilla Torres Carmen P. , Pintos-Castro Irene , Pović Mirjana , Sánchez-Portal Miguel , Heath Jones D. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Cabrera-Lavers Antonio
Published: January 2020

Context.The OSIRIS Tunable Filter Emission Line Object (OTELO) survey is a very deep, blind exploration of a selected region of the Extended Groth Strip and is designed for finding emission-line sources (ELSs). The survey design, observations, data reduction, astrometry, and photometry, as well as the correlation with ancillary data used to obtain a final catalogue, including photo-zestimates and a preliminary selection of ELS, were described in a previous contribution.

Aims.Here, we aim to determine the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O III] ELS sample of OTELO as a scientific demonstration of its capabilities, advantages, and complementarity with respect to other surveys.

Methods.The selection and analysis procedures of ELS candidates obtained using tunable filter pseudo-spectra are described. We performed simulations in the parameter space of the survey to obtain emission-line detection probabilities. Relevant characteristics of [O III] emitters and the LF ([O III]), including the main selection biases and uncertainties, are presented.

Results.From 541 preliminary emission-line source candidates selected aroundz = 0.8, a total of 184 sources were confirmed as [O III] emitters. Consistent with simulations, the minimum detectable line flux and equivalent width in this ELS sample are ∼5 × 10−19erg s−1cm2and ∼6 Å, respectively. We are able to constrain the faint-end slope (α = −1.03 ± 0.08) of the observed LF ([O III]) at a mean redshift ofz = 0.83. This LF reaches values that are approximately ten times lower than those from other surveys. The vast majority (84%) of the morphologically classified [O III] ELSs are disc-like sources, and 87% of this sample is comprised of galaxies with stellar masses ofM⋆ <  1010M⊙.
Impact of a companion and of chromospheric emission on the shape of chromosome maps for globular clusters
Authors: Martins F. , Morin J. , Charbonnel C. , Lardo C. , Chantereau W.
Published: January 2020

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) host multiple populations of stars that are well-separated in a photometric diagram – the chromosome map – built from specific Hubble Space Telescope (HST) filters. Stars from different populations feature at various locations on this diagram due to peculiar chemical compositions. Stars of the first population, with field star-like abundances, sometimes show an unexpected extended distribution in the chromosome map.

Aims. We aim to investigate the role of binaries and chromospheric emission on HST photometry of globular clusters’ stars. We quantify their respective effects on the position of stars in the chromosome map, especially among the first population.

Methods. We computed atmosphere models and synthetic spectra for stars of different chemical compositions, based on isochrones produced by stellar evolution calculations with abundance variations representative of first and second populations in GCs. From this we built synthetic chromosome maps for a mixture of stars of different chemical compositions. We subsequently replaced a fraction of stars with binaries, or stars with chromospheric emission, using synthetic spectroscopy. We studied how the position of stars is affected in the chromosome map.

Results. Binaries can, in principle, explain the extension of the first population in the chromosome map. However, we find that given the binary fraction reported for GCs, the density of stars in the extended part is too small. Another difficulty of the binary explanation is that the shape of the distribution of the first population in the chromosome map is different in clusters with similar binary fractions. Also, the decrease of the binary fraction with radius is not mirrored in the shape of the chromosome map. Additionally, we find that the contribution of chromospheric emission lines to the HST photometry is too small to have an observable impact on the shape of the chromosome map. Continuum chromospheric emission has an effect qualitatively similar to binaries.

Conclusions. We conclude that binaries do have an impact on the morphology of the chromosome map of GCs, but they are unlikely to explain entirely the shape of the extended distribution of the first population stars. Uncertainties in the properties of continuum chromospheric emission of stars in GCs prevent any quantitative conclusion. Therefore, the origin of the extended first population remains unexplained.
Polyphenol Content and Enhancing Plant resistance of Lowland Arabica Coffee
Authors: Wulanjari Distiana , Wijaya Ketut Anom , Rosyady Muhammad Ghufron , Wafa Ali
Published: January 2020

The production of arabica coffee in Indonesia is still low because of leaf rust disease suppression caused by Hemileia vastatrix. Basically, it can produce well in the overlapping zone (1000-1500 masl). This potential can be used as basic for intensifying arabica coffee cultivation to the lowland. For anticipation steps to reduce the spread of leaf rust can be done by increasing the production of polyphenol as plant resistance. The addition of mineral element such as silica, boron, iodine, calcium, and potassium can stimulate the synthesis of plant polyphenol. In this research, five minerals above were tested into 7 treatment with single factor RCBD, that is without additional of the mineral element, 150 mg L-1 Si, 300 mg L-1 B, 3000 mg L-1 Ca, 20.000 mg L-1 K, 300 mg L-1 I, and the combination/mix of five mineral elements. The laboratory analysis shows that calcium able to produce the highest polyphenol, but it is not a real difference with silica. The polyphenol that synthesized by Si, I, and K was able to reduce the leaf rust incidence until 78,13%, while Ca can reduce the incidence up to 71,88%.
Effect of vitamin E addition to frozen Simmental bull semen extender on post-thawing quality
Authors: Zharfan Haris Fariz , Soepri Ondho Yon , Samsudewa Daud
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the post-thawing quality (sperm motility, mortality and abnormality) of frozen-thawed Simmental bull semen with the addition of vitamin E in the extender. The material used for research were semen from two selected Simmental bulls. Vitamin E as treatment in addition to the extender consisted of T0 (no addition of vitamin E), T1 (0,134 gram/100 ml extender), T2 (0,268 gram/100 ml extender) and T3 (0,402 gram/100 ml extender). Post-thawing evaluation conducted 24 hours after the freezing process and observed after the thawing process in 37°C water bath for 30 seconds. Parameters observed in this research were the post-thawing quality of frozen-thawed Simmental bull semen based on motility, mortality and abnormality percentage. Sperm motility evaluated using a microscope with 100x and 400x magnifying, sperm mortality observed using 400x magnifying and counted based on 0,2% eosin-negrosin staining, sperm abnormality observed using 400x magnifying and counted based on the number of morphologically abnormal sperm cells. Semen post-thawing motility was not significantly affected by vitamin E addition of T1, T2 and T3 (P<0,05). T1 and T2 were able to significantly lower the mortality percentage compared to T0 and T3 (P<0,05). T1 and T2 were also very significantly affecting the decreased of abnormality percentage compared to T0 and T3 (P<0,01). T1 generally gave the best result on the improvement of post-thawing motility and decreased the percentage of sperm mortality and abnormality.
Growing households’ income through non-timber forest products
Authors: Sudaryanto  , Khairinissa Gemilang , Warno Utomo Suyud , Waryono Tarsoen
Published: January 2020

Population pressure to the forest is caused by the difficulty in fulfilling their needs. The condition then leads to unequal access to the resources and threatens the forest. A system of community forest management are necessary (Svendsen, 2009, Cheng, 2011, Tiwari, 2014). This study aims to evaluate the economic impact of coffee agroforestry and tourism businesses in Tugu Utara village, Cisarua, Bogor regency. This is quantitative research. The data colecting method used is suvey of saturated sampling method. The data are sells of cherry coffee, income from tourism activities and households’ expenses in 2018. The households income and expenses data were analyzed to find the contribution of households expenses. The results of the study showed that the expenses of households in 2018 was IDR 2,875,000 / family / month. The average of households’ income from the forest-based tourism activities is IDR 1,115,600 / household / month and the income from cherry coffee sales in 2018 is IDR 1,770,800 / family / month. The percentage of monthly income compared to households’ expenses is 100%. This study concludes that the needs of household can be fulfilled from the coffee agroforestry income added with income from the forest-based tourism activities.
Theoretical Approach to the Energy Resolution of a Scintillation Spectrometer with Several Photodetectors
Authors: Samedov Victor V.
Published: January 2020

The exact mathematical description of processes at registration of incident particles by a scintillation spectrometer with several photodetectors allows receiving correct formulae for the mean value and the variance of the
amplitude at the output of photodetectors, and for the covariance between signals of photodetectors. It was shown that using the relative covariance of signals allows the experimental determination of the covariance in the light yield and the Fano factor in a scintillator. The important advantage of the proposed method is its independence on the gains and the noises of photodetectors electronics.
Application of fluorine-based threshold activation detector for neutron flux calculation from D-T neutron generator
Authors: Sibczyński Paweł , Brosławski Andrzej , Burakowski Szymon , Chłopik Arkadiusz , Dryll Marek , Dziedzic Andrzej , Gierlik Michał , Grodzicki Krystian , Kaźmierczak Łukasz , Krakowski Tomasz , Niechcielski Kamil , Rzadkiewicz Jacek , Sliphukin Ivan , Trela Krystian , Urban Arkadiusz , Zezuliński Kacper , Iovene Alessandro , Tintori Carlo
Published: January 2020

In this paper we propose a method of fast neutron flux estimation from a pulsed D-T neutron generator with application of single CaF2 scintillation crystal. The analysis method relies on 19F(n, α)16N threshold activation reaction having neutron energy threshold at 1.6 MeV. As a result, the 16N undergo β− decay with half-life of 7.1 s, emitting β particles with endpoint up to 10.4 MeV in the scintillator medium. Integration of the β distribution curve, preceded by calculation of (n, α) rate on F with Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code v6 (MCNP6) for fixed geometry, allows to estimate the neutron flux in 4π per second within few minutes.
Radiation resistance of high frequency ultrasonic devices for distance measurement in the RHF
Authors: Alaoui Meriem Chrifi , Le Clézio, Emmanuel , Despaux Gilles , Calzavara Yoann
Published: January 2020

The fuel element plates of research reactors are subjected to swelling phenomena. These structure modifications impact an initial inter-plate distance of 1.8 mm. An ultrasonic device has been developed to investigate this parameter. With a 1 mm thickness, it relies on two transducers linked to an
electronic system. The feasibility of the distance measurement has been proved in a previous study and the irradiation impact on the transducer components is here studied. To do so, a radiation resistance experiment was realized in the Arc-Nucleart Institute of Grenoble. It allowed the study of the influence of radiations on the device active and passive components’ characteristics.
Comparison of neutron/gamma separation qualities of various organic scintillation materials
Authors: Matěj Zdeněk , Mravec Filip , Jančář Aleš , Košťál Michal , Kučera František , Cvachovec František , Přenosil Václav , Kopecký Zdeněk , Čulen Jiří
Published: January 2020

In this work we compare the pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) properties of EJ-299-33A, BC-501A, stilbene, p-terphenyl and Hidex Aqualight in neutron field generated by the LVR-15 reactor with silicon filter utilization. Pulses from the scintillators are processed by Neutron-Gamma spectrometer. This spectrometric system with fast digitizer card contains two analog-digital (A/D) converters with a resolution of 12 bits and sampling frequency 500 MHz. For photomultiplier (PMT) linearity improvement active divider has been used. Measured data from scintillators have been processed using the integration method and compared. Results are presented.
Utilization of a zero power reactor for examination of operator influence on reactor control
Authors: Bily Tomas , Alice Darbyshire , Huml Ondrej
Published: January 2020

The reactor operator is an inseparable part of reactor safety and his actions influence the course of the reactor transients. Understanding the operator’s effect on reactor control thus contributes to the knowledge of the safe operation of nuclear reactors. Complementary to studies performed on simulators, or utilizing standard reactor or plant operational data, the dedicated experiments at research reactors can help to improve the insight into human aspects of reactor control. The potential of research reactors to study the human operator aspects of reactor control is broad; the related activities thus may also help to increase the utilization of research reactor facilities.

The paper summarizes the considerations that had to be assessed during the implementation of such experiments at the VR-1 research reactor from the viewpoint of the reactor facility. Further, it recapitulates the activities that have been performed in this field at the VR-1 reactor in the collaboration of the Czech Technical University in Prague with the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom in the previous years.
Estimation of fissile material content in irradiated In-Pile Sections using neutron coincidence counters
Authors: Rossa Riccardo , Borella Alessandro , Boden Sven , Broeckx Wouter
Published: January 2020

A set of In-Pile Sections (IPS) has been irradiated in the BR2 reactor at SCK•CEN in Belgium during the 1970’s and 1980’s. The primary goal of the IPS was to replicate the thermo-hydraulic loop of a sodium-cooled fast reactor in order to study severe accident scenarios. The top part of the IPS contained the sodium-cooled loop whereas the lower part contained the fuel element. Due to the experimental conditions, the rupture of the fuel pins contained in the IPS occurred and fuel fragments may have been deposited in the rest of the IPS loop. The part of the IPS containing the fuel pins has been cut from the rest of the IPS and underwent post-irradiation examinations at specialized EU laboratories, while the top parts remained stored at SCK•CEN. To prepare for future transport, dismantling and conditioning, a reliable estimation of the total fissile content in the stored parts of the IPS is indispensable.

In this framework, two IPS were measured with a Canberra WM3400 neutron coincidence counter with customized electronics. The measurements of the IPS were challenging due their length (roughly 6 m) and intense gamma-ray radiation background. For each IPS an axial scan was carried out with a series of short measurements (600-700 s each) recording the Totals rate and Reals rate. Based on the results of the axial scans, measurements with longer measurement time were conducted for the axial positions with the larger values of Reals rates.

A system of equations was then established to quantify the 240Pu content in the different sections of the IPS from the Reals rates in each measurement position and account for cross-talk between the neutron emission associated to the different sections. A set of Monte Carlo simulations was carried out to estimate the probability to record a Real count in the detector due to spontaneous fission events occurring in a given section of the IPS. The 240Pu content in each section of the IPS was calculated by combining the measured Reals rates and the detection probabilities calculated with the simulations. The total fissile content in the IPS was then determined with scaling factors based on burnup calculations for the irradiated fuel assemblies in the IPS. The results indicate that both IPS measured with the neutron coincidence counters have a fissile content lower than the limit for transport. It is expected that the envisaged segmentation of the IPS in shorter sections required to fit into 200L drums will provide an additional safety margin on this limit.
Non-destructive assay of nuclear waste containers using muon scattering tomography in the Horizon2020 CHANCE project
Authors: Kopp Anna , Alrheli Ahmad , Kikoła Daniel , Mhaidra Mohammed , Stowell Patrick , Tietze-Jaensch Holger , Thompson Lee , Velthuis Jaap , Weekes Michael
Published: January 2020

Methods for the non-destructive assay of nuclear waste drums are of great importance to the nuclear waste management community, especially where loss in continuity of knowledge about the content of drums happened or chemical processes altering the contents of the drums may occur. Muon scattering tomography has been shown to be a promising technique for the non-destructive assay of nuclear waste drums in a safe way. By measuring tracks of muons entering and leaving the probed sample and extracting scattering angles from the tracks, it is possible to draw conclusions about the contents of the sample and its spatial arrangement. Within the CHANCE project, a newly built large-scale mobile detector system for scanning and imaging the contents of nuclear waste drums using atmospheric muons is currently undergoing commissioning.
Assessment of the impact of selected changes in the deep geological repository model on its long-term safety
Authors: Flamíková Dorota , Nečas Vladimír
Published: January 2020

The deep geological repository system provides long-term protection against the undesirable effects of ionizing radiation on the population and the environment. An important part of the long-term safety strategy is development of a monitoring program that collects information about the behaviour of the deep geological repository throughout its whole lifetime. A simplified model of the disposal system, geosphere, and biosphere was developed using the GoldSim simulation tool to demonstrate the behaviour of the hypothetical deep geological repository located in crystalline rocks. Also an initial model of the reference biosphere was created based on the scenario of an agricultural habitation (normal evolution scenario) and it was developed based on the recommendations provided in the BIOMASS methodology. After a significant period of time, disposal containers will be degraded and evolution changes in the repository system will occur. Several important parameters appear in the annual effective dose calculation for an individual from critical exposure group within the reference biosphere model. One of them are, for example, distribution coefficients and so-called translocation factors that define the transported rate of released radionuclides into the environment. This paper provides a view into the selected part of the deep geological repository through the data obtained by monitoring during the selected period of time. Simulations describing changes in the repository system. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the impact of selected changes on the annual effective dose for an adult individual from a critical exposure group while it is assumed, that the respondent consumes contaminated crops and animal products. This model includes various biosphere components and multiple exposure pathways such as inhalation, ingestion and external exposure.
Universality Classes of the Hwa-Kardar Model with Turbulent Advection
Authors: Antonov Nikolay V. , Gulitskiy Nikolay M. , Kakin Polina I. , Serov Vitaliy D.
Published: January 2020

Self-organized critical system in turbulent fluid environment is studied with the renormalization group analysis. The system is modelled by the anisotropic stochastic differential equation for a coarse-grained field proposed by Hwa and Kardar [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1813 (1989)]. The turbulent motion of the environment is described by the anisotropic d-dimensional velocity ensemble based on the one introduced by Avellaneda and Majda [Commun. Math. Phys. 131, 381 (1990)] and modified to include dependence on time (finite correlation time). Renormalization group analysis reveals three universality classes (types of critical behavior) differentiated by the parameters of the system.
Evolution and Perspectives of the Service for Parallel Applications Running at JINR Multifunctional Information and Computing Complex
Authors: Balashov Nikita , Kutovskiy Nikolay , Priakhina Daria , Sokolov Ivan
Published: January 2020

Nowadays scientists use cloud computing as a routine tool in a lot of fields of their research. Various Multifunctional Information and Computing Complex (MICC) resources are provided for JINR users to perform a wide range of scientific computations. The JINR cloud service for parallel applications was developed in order to simplify scientists’ work on running similar tasks but on different MICC resources and also to speed up the process of reaching significant results. There are several components with a flexible and modular architecture that allow running a various number of applications using different types of computational resources. The service is constantly developing and improving with the help of the users’ feedback. Some changes in web-interface were made to improve users’ experience: there was added the possibility to choose a certain type of particular application, to set a description for a job, to run multiple tasks, to notify a user about successful job submission and its completion. Moreover, accessibility of job results was reworked: when the job is done, its output is uploaded at the external file storage, where it becomes available at the auto-generated unique URL for downloading by the user and further analysis and/or visualization.
Experimental Data Processing Using Shift Methods
Authors: Novikov-Borodin Andrey
Published: January 2020

The numerical methods of step-by-step and combined shifts are proposed for correction and reconstruction the experimental data convolved with different blur kernels. Methods use a shift technique for the direct deconvolution of experimental data, they are fast and effective for data reconstruction, especially, in the case of discrete measurements. The comparative analysis of proposed methods is presented, inaccuracies of reconstruction with different blur kernels, different volumes of data and noise levels are estimated. There are presented the examples of using the shift methods in processing the statistical data of TOF neutron spectrometers and in planning the proton therapy treatment. The multi-dimensional data processing using shift methods is considered. The examples of renewal the 2D images blurred by uniform motion and distorted with the Gaussian-like blur kernels are presented.
Portée pédagogique de Facebook à travers un programme de formation à base de caricatures
Authors: Kahloul Mohamed , Kacem Imène , El Maalel Olfa , Rejeb Mohamed Ben , Thabet Maissa , Maoua Maher , Nakhli Mohamed Said , Chrigui Raoudha , Bouallague Olfa , Mrizak Nejib , Naija Walid
Published: January 2020

Contexte :Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) offrent des nouvelles avenues pédagogiques dont la portée demeure peu connue. Leur combinaison avec les caricatures, dotées d’une grande attractivité humoristique, pourrait favoriser la mémorisation et l’apprentissage.But :Évaluer la portée pédagogique de Facebook à travers un programme de formation basé sur les caricatures.Méthodes :Il s’agit d’une étude interventionnelle pré-expérimentale réalisée sur une période de 3 mois et incluant tous les internes et les résidents exerçant dans les services chirurgicaux et de réanimation. Après une évaluation initiale sur la transfusion sanguine, un groupe a été créé sur « Facebook » incluant tous les participants et via lequel 25 messages clés sous forme de caricatures ont été diffusés à raison de 3 messages par jour durant une période d’un mois. Finalement, l’évaluation initiale a été refaite. Le critère de jugement principal était le taux de bonne réponse (TBR) par participant.Résultats :Le taux de participation était de 84,6 % lors de la première évaluation et de 80,2 % lors de la deuxième. Au terme de notre intervention, le TBR par participant a augmenté de façon significative (de 52,3 à 66,5 % ;p < 0,001. Concernant les questions considérées comme dangereuses, le TBR a également significativement augmenté passant de 49,5 à 65,9 % avecp < 0,001.Conclusion :L’utilisation d’un moyen de communication tel que Facebook associé à un support d’information tel que les caricatures permettraient d’améliorer significativement les connaissances et constitueraient des outils pédagogiques intéressants et efficaces.
Die primäre Radiusfrakturprothese bei nicht rekonstruierbaren osteoporotischen distalen Radiusfrakturen
Authors: Kaiser Peter , Arora Rohit
Published: January 2020

Der Artikel beschreibt die Anwendung der Cobra-Prothese zur Verwendung bei nicht-rekonstruierbaren distalen Radiusfrakturen. Es wird deren Einbau samt Fallballspiel dargestellt. Zudem wird die aktuelle Datenlage in der Literatur erörtert.
Effect of Lower Body Negative Pressure on Phase I Cardiovascular Responses at
Exercise Onset
Authors: Fagoni Nazzareno , Bruseghini Paolo , Adami Alessandra , Capelli Carlo , Lador Frederic , Moia Christian , Tam Enrico , Bringard Aurélien , Ferretti Guido
Published: January 2020

We hypothesised that vagal withdrawal and increased venous return interact in determining the
rapid cardiac output (CO) response (phase I) at exercise onset. We used lower body negative
pressure (LBNP) to increase blood distribution to the heart by muscle pump action and reduce
resting vagal activity. We expected a larger increase in stroke volume (SV) and smaller for
heart rate (HR) at progressively stronger LBNP levels, therefore CO response would remain
unchanged. To this aim ten young, healthy males performed a 50 W exercise in supine
position at 0 (Control), −15, −30 and −45 mmHg LBNP exposure.
On single beat basis, we measured HR, SV, and CO. Oxygen uptake was measured breath-by-breath.
Phase I response amplitudes were obtained applying an exponential model. LBNP increased SV
response amplitude threefold from Control to −45 mmHg. HR response amplitude
tended to decrease and prevented changes in CO response. The rapid response of CO explained
that of oxygen uptake. The rapid SV kinetics at exercise onset is compatible with an increased
venous return, whereas the vagal withdrawal conjecture cannot be dismissed for HR. The rapid CO
response may indeed be the result of two independent yet parallel mechanisms, one acting on SV,
the other on HR.
Insulintherapie bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2: patientenzentriert, rechtzeitig, nutzen-risiko-bilanziert; Standortbestimmung 2019 nach dem ADA/EASD-Konsensus 2018
Authors: Hanefeld Markolf , Fleischmann Holger , Siegmund Thorsten , Seufert Jochen
Published: January 2020

Erhöhte Blutzucker- und Fettsäurespiegel schädigen die residuale B-Zell-Regeneration und -Funktion (Glukolipotoxizität) und vermindern die Insulinempfindlichkeit von Muskulatur, Fettgewebe, Leber und Endothel der Gefäßwand. Chronische Hyperglykämie triggert in einem komplexen circulus vitiosus proatherogene und inflammatorische Prozesse, die die Morbidität und Mortalität erhöhen. Die rechtzeitige nutzen-risiko-basierte Therapie mit Insulin schützt nachhaltig die B-Zellen und kann die Progression des Diabetes wesentlich verzögern. Damit verbunden ist eine signifikante Senkung der Inzidenz diabetesbezogener Komplikationen. Langzeitstudien mit intensivierter Glykämiekontrolle und Insulin haben zu der Empfehlung geführt, den HbA1c-Wert von Anfang an unter 6,5–7,0 % zu halten, unter Vermeidung von Hypoglykämien. Die Zielkorridore für Blutzucker und HbA1c-Wert sollten an die individuelle Lebenssituation, eine realistische Einschätzung der Nutzen-Risiko-Bilanz und die Möglichkeiten des Patienten angepasst werden. Langwirksame Basalinsuline ermöglichen einen einfachen Einstieg in die Diabeteskontrolle zu jedem Zeitpunkt der Entgleisung. Dies gilt, wenn Metformin, orale duale oder Triple-Therapien und GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten nicht länger ausreichen, um die Zielkorridore für Blutzucker und HbA1c-Wert einzuhalten. Rechtzeitiger Einsatz von Insulin ist besonders indiziert für Subtypen mit schwerem Insulinmangel, Patienten mit diabetesbezogenen Komplikationen sowie Individuen mit chronischen Infekten und/oder Sarkopenie. Rechtzeitiger Einsatz von Insulin ist effektiver, sicherer und auch kostengünstiger, da dies hilft, Polypharmazie zu vermeiden.
Mechanical Interlocking of Macrocycles in Different Sequences
Authors: Au-Yeung Ho Yu , Ng Antony Wing Hung
Published: January 2020

Sequence isomerism is fundamental to the storage, transfer and expression of information in (bio)macromolecules and artificial polymers. Realization of sequence-specific properties in mechanically bonded molecules is extremely challenging due to the huge synthetic difficulty in the precise and controllable non-covalent interlocking of constitutionally different macrocycles in specific orders within a rotaxane or catenane. This Synpacts article highlights how sequence isomers of multicomponent rotaxanes and catenanes can be obtained by novel synthetic strategies and careful building block design.
Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type IX with Subfoveal Drusenoid Deposit
Authors: You Jong In , Bang Seul Ki , Yu Seung-Young , Jin Kyung Hyun
Published: January 2020

We describe a patient with oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFDS) with the following anomalies: cleft lip, cleft palate, micrognathia, hypertelorism, nasal septum deviation, thumb polydactyly in the right hand, and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. In addition, the patient had optic disc coloboma in the left eye and subfoveal drusenoid deposit in the right eye, features of OFDS type IX. Subfoveal drusenoid deposit has not been previously reported in OFDS type IX. Evaluation of the fundus is necessary for diagnosis of OFDS.
Management of Patients with Neurotrauma by Trauma Surgeons: Need of the Hour
Authors: Rattan Amulya , Kumar Subodh , Gupta Amit , Mishra Biplab , Sagar Sushma
Published: January 2020

Trauma-related deaths in excess of 1 million occur annually in India, more than half of which are attributable to head injury. There are just 1,400 certified neurosurgeons in India, and only 300 new trainees are inducted every year. More than 80% of India’s specialist doctors live in urban India. There is evidence that patients travel hundreds of kilometers to seek a neurosurgeon; needless to say, golden hour of trauma is surely lost in this time. Scarcity of neurosurgeons is a problem in the developed world too. Government of India is building a national network of trauma centers for better trauma care. However, neurosurgeon availability at these centers remains a cause of concern. In dire need of neurotrauma management and scarcity of neurosurgeons, management of neurotrauma by trauma and general surgeons is the best available option. Such management policies have already been tested successfully in both developed (Germany, Sweden) and developing world (Nepal). There is evidence on patient safety and good outcome in neurotrauma management by trauma surgeons. Refresher training of 1 week every 2 years has been recommended to prevent skill attrition after 2-week neurotrauma training led by a neurosurgeon. Uninterrupted run of 3-year trauma surgery residency program at JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, incorporating in-house neurotrauma training is a testimony to need and utility of this approach. A “readily available neurosurgeon when needed” is a scarce resource in most parts of world. Therefore, trauma surgeon is best suited to deliver timely care in neurotrauma and tackle this “hidden epidemic.”
Effect of Two Anesthetic Regimes with Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant on Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials during Spine Surgery
Authors: Mishra Rajeeb K. , Prabhakar Hemanshu , Kapoor Indu , Chandran Dinu S. , Chaturvedi Arvind
Published: January 2020

Background Transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) recording during spinal cord/spinal column surgery is a reliable and valid diagnostic adjunct to assess spinal cord integrity and is recommended if utilized for this purpose. Electrophysiologic monitoring in terms of TcMEP has been proven to be a useful tool in detecting spinal cord dysfunction at the earliest and allows corrective action to be taken before permanent neuronal dysfunction sets in. The quality of intraoperative neuromonitoring is influenced by various factors. Most anesthetics used in clinical practice suppress the evoked potentials. Thus, selecting an appropriate technique is always a challenging task.

Materials and Methods Thirty ASA I and II patients scheduled for elective dorsolumbar spine surgery with TcMEP monitoring were recruited in the study. Patients were randomized into three groups: (1) Propofol (group P) 100 to 150 µg/kg/min with dexmedetomidine 0.6 µg/kg/hr and fentanyl 1 µg/kg/hr, (2) desflurane (group D) (<0.5 MAC) with dexmedetomidine 0.6 µg/kg/hr and fentanyl 1 µg/kg/hr, and (3)standard group (group S) patients received propofol 100 to 150 µg/kg/min, fentanyl 1 µg/kg/hr along with equal volume of saline (placebo). TcMEP amplitudes were recorded bilaterally from electrodes placed at least in one set of muscles with motor origin rostral and one set of muscle caudal to the spinal level of lesion at different time points.

Results Three patients were excluded after allocation; 27 out of 30 patients were analyzed. The demographic and surgical characteristics of patients were comparable. The stimulation voltage needed to elicit the responses in all the three groups was comparable. No difference was observed in brachioradialis muscle amplitudes between the groups at different time points. However, in the right brachioradialis muscle, we found reduced amplitudes at baseline in group D and at 120 minutes in group P. We noticed reduced amplitudes of bilateral brachioradialis muscle in group P at 60 minutes and 90 minutes with respect to the baseline. For lower extremity, we measured amplitudes of TcMEP in tibialis anterior (TA) and did not find any difference in amplitudes between the groups at different time points.

Conclusion We observed that the desflurane–dexmedetomidine combination did not hinder TcMEP as compared with both standard and propofol–dexmedetomidine groups. Thus, this combined regime could be used in surgeries requiring motor evoked potential monitoring.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Spinal Canal: Brief Case Report
Authors: Bryl Maciej , Fortuniak Jan , Wiśniewski Karol , Bobeff Ernest Jan , Jin Yizi , Papierz Wielisław , Jaskólski Dariusz Jan
Published: January 2020

We describe a case of an intradural extramedullary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the cervical spine. A 56-year-old woman presented with progressive neck pain, radiating to the right scapula, without any neurologic deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intradural extramedullary tumor with a dural tail sign, located at the C3–T1 segment with homogeneous contrast enhancement. The patient was operated on for a suspected meningioma. Pathologic examination showed fibrosis and inflammation with infiltration of B and T lymphocytes accompanied by plasmocytes, macrophages, and myofibroblast oocytes. We present the clinical course and review of the literature.
Learning Curve of a Surgical Educator: Resident Cataract Surgery Outcomes under the Supervision of One Attending Surgeon over 5 Years
Authors: Zafar Sidra , Chen Ariel , Seo Seung Yeon , Chen Xinyi , Tian Jing , Srikumaran Divya , Sikder Shameema , Woreta Fasika A.
Published: January 2020

Background The main purpose of this article is to determine the trend of intraoperative complications of resident-performed cataract surgery under the supervision of one attending surgeon during the initial 5 years of surgical teaching.

Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Wilmer Eye Institute for all postgraduate year 4 resident-performed cataract surgeries between July 2013 and June 2018 that were supervised by one attending surgeon who was directly out of fellowship training. Recorded data included patient demographics, presence of preoperative risk factors (small pupil, dense cataract, history of ocular trauma, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, postvitrectomy, pre-existing zonular weakness, and high myopia), and intraoperative complications (posterior capsule tear resulting in vitreous loss and zonular dehiscence resulting in vitreous loss and/or loss of sulcus support). A generalized estimating equation model was constructed to determine factors associated with intraoperative complications.

Results A total of 1,253 resident cataract surgeries involving 988 patients were included. The overall complication rate was 3.6% (n = 45/1253), with a decreasing trend observed in the rate of intraoperative complications across the study years. Multivariate analysis found that complications during cataract surgery were more likely to occur in earlier years of the supervising surgeon's career (p = 0.01), at the beginning of the academic year (p = 0.03), in eyes with preoperative risk factors (p < 0.001), black patients (p = 0.02), and left eyes (p = 0.02).

Conclusion A learning curve exists for novice attending surgeons during their initial years of resident cataract surgery supervision. Residency programs should consider resources to educate novice surgical educators, especially on how to effectively supervise resident-performed complex cases.
Transition to chaos in electro-thermo-convection of a dielectric liquid in a square cavity
Authors: Li Tian-Fu , Su Zheng-Gang , Luo Kang , Yi Hong-Liang
Published: January 2020

The transition process from laminar to chaotic flow in electro-thermal convection of a dielectric liquid is numerically investigated using a unified lattice Boltzmann method. The liquid is confined in a closed square cavity, and free charges are introduced into the system through a strong unipolar injection mechanism. Three cases with different Rayleigh numbers are considered. With the increase of electric Rayleigh number, various complicated dynamical behaviors are observed and three diverse transition routes to chaos are identified, namely, the quasi-periodic sequence involving four incommensurable frequencies, the intermittency sequence, and the alternating periodic-chaotic sequence. Numerical results are illustrated using time histories, Fourier frequency spectra, and phase portraits. The chaotic behavior is quantitatively analyzed through the calculation of fractal dimension and Lyapunov exponent. Typical flow patterns for both steady-state regime and periodic regime are also presented and discussed.
Modeling hydrodynamics, magnetic fields, and synthetic radiographs for high-energy-density plasma flows in shock-shear targets
Authors: Lu Yingchao , Li Shengtai , Li Hui , Flippo Kirk A. , Barnak Dan , Birkel Andrew , Lahmann Brandon , Li Chikang , Rasmus Alexander M. , Kelso Kwyntero , Zylstra Alex , Liang Edison , Tzeferacos Petros , Lamb Don
Published: January 2020

Three-dimensional FLASH radiation-magnetohydrodynamics (radiation-MHD) modeling is carried out to study the hydrodynamics and magnetic fields in the shock-shear derived platform. Simulations indicate that fields of tens of Tesla can be generated via the Biermann battery effect due to vortices and mix in the counterpropagating shock-induced shear layer. Synthetic proton radiography simulations using MPRAD and synthetic X-ray image simulations using SPECT3D are carried out to predict the observable features in the diagnostics. Quantifying the effects of magnetic fields in inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density plasmas represents frontier research that has far-reaching implications in basic and applied sciences.
4Pi multiphoton polymerization
Authors: Tičkūnas T. , Paipulas D. , Purlys V.
Published: January 2020

We present a 4Pi multiphoton polymerization technique—a technique that, similar to microscopy, enables a significant improvement of the axial resolution of the fabricated features. We describe this technique in detail and present a numerical simulation analysis of the light intensity distribution in the focal plane as well as experimental results. Using the 1030 nm wavelength, we were able to achieve 150 nm height features, which is about three times shorter than that using the traditional excitation technique, resulting in nearly spherical voxels. Furthermore, we show that depending on the focusing conditions, it is also possible to fabricate periodic interference patterns along the illumination direction, which can be utilized for photonics applications.
Optimal in situ electromechanical sensing of molecular species
Authors: Ochoa Maicol A. , Zwolak Michael
Published: January 2020

We investigate protocols for optimal molecular detection with electromechanical nanoscale sensors under ambient conditions. Our models are representative of suspended graphene nanoribbons, which due to their piezoelectric and electronic properties provide responsive and versatile sensors. In particular, we analytically account for the corrections in the electronic transmission function and signal-to-noise ratio originating in environmental perturbations, such as thermal fluctuations and solvation effects. We also investigate the role of the sampling time in the current statistics. As a result, we formulate a protocol for optimal sensing based on the modulation of the Fermi level at a fixed bias and provide approximate forms for the current, linear susceptibility, and current fluctuations. We show how the algebraic tails in the thermally broadened transmission function affect the behavior of the signal-to-noise ratio and optimal sensing. These results provide further insights into the operation of graphene deflectometers and other techniques for electromechanical sensing.
A high-density customizable microwave vacuum feedthrough for cryogenic applications
Authors: McCaughan A. N. , Gammell J. I. , Oh D. M. , Nam S. W.
Published: January 2020

We have designed, constructed, and tested an electrical vacuum feedthrough that can carry a large number of microwave signal lines, has high vacuum compatibility, and is highly customizable. We found that it had a leak rate of approximately 10−7 Pa L/s (7.5 × 10−9 torr L/s), making it suitable for high-vacuum systems such as cryostats. The feedthrough is low-cost, and the printed circuit board-based design allows the choice of any surface-mountable microwave connector. We additionally verified operation through consistent use on a real cryogenic system and verified the mechanical robustness of the feedthrough.
Self-similar dynamics of radiative blast waves
Authors: Gintrand A. , Sanz J. , Bouquet S. , Paradela J.
Published: January 2020

The self-similar study of cooling blast waves (BWs) is performed for the case of a homogeneous self-similar cooling of the gas. This analysis is crucial to better understand its internal structure and global evolution when the BW loses a significant amount of energy due to cooling processes. The evolution of the shock front radius Rsh follows the law Rsh(t) ∝ tα where the decelerating parameter α covers the range 1/4 ≤ α ≤ 2/5 depending on the magnitude of the cooling rate. When the cooling is negligible, α = 2/5, and we recover the analytical solution of Sedov-Taylor (ST) where the total BW energy is conserved. For the internal structure of the cooling BW, we demonstrate that there exist two types of solutions. The first type is the ST-type solution, which is smooth until the center of the BW and only exists for 1/4 < α′ ≤ α ≤ 2/5, where α′ is a specific value of α. This special solution is determined through an eigenvalue problem. The second type is a shell-type solution where a thin cooled shell is bounded by a contact discontinuity separating the shell from a hot rarefied interior bubble where the pressure is homogeneous. The shell becomes thinner and denser when the cooling rate increases. For a strong enough cooling rate, the density inside the shell can diverge at the contact discontinuity while the temperature goes to zero.