bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-assembly of new cobalt complexes based on [Co (SCN)4], synthesis, empirical, antioxidant activity, and quantum theory investigations
Authors: Ferchichi Amal , Makhlouf Jawher , El Bakri Youness , Saravanan Kandasamy , Valkonen Arto , Hashem Heba E. , Ahmad Sajjad , Smirani Wajda
Published: September 2022

The cobalt (II) complexes have been synthesized from the reaction of the cationic entities (3,4-dimethylaniline (1) and histamine (2)) with metallic salt CoCl2⋅6H2O and thiocyanate ion (SCN−) as a ligand in H2O/ethanolic solution and processing by the evaporation crystal growth method at room temperature to get crystals. The synthesized complex has been fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. UV–Visible, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA analysis, and DFT circulations were also performed. The crystal structural analysis reveals that the solid (1) {[Co(SCN)4] (C8H12N)3}·Cl crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P21/n and the solid (2) {[Co(SCN)4](C5H11N3)2}·2Cl crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m. Metal cations are joined into corrugated chains parallel to the b-axis direction in (1) and (2) by four thiocyanate anions. The crystal structures of (1) and (2) were calculated using XRPD data, indicating that they are closely connected to the DRX mono-crystal results. Different interactions pack the system into a ring formed by N–H⋯Cl and N–H⋯S hydrogen bonds. C–H⋯π and the π⋯π stacking of anilinuim ring for (1) and N–H⋯S intermolecular interactions for (1) and (2) increase the crystals' robustness. Hirshfeld surface analysis cum 2D fingerprint plots visualize the main intermolecular interactions with their contributions in the solid-state phase. The molecular geometries of both complexes obtained from the crystal structure were used for quantum chemical calculation. Here, frontier orbital analysis and electrostatic potential illustrate the chemical reactivities of metal–organic complexes. QTAIM and NCI analysis reveal the strength of interactions at the electronic level.
Causal connections between socioeconomic disparities and COVID-19 in the USA
Authors: Banerjee Tannista , Paul Ayan , Srikanth Vishak , Strümke Inga
Published: September 2022

With the increasing use of machine learning models in computational socioeconomics, the development of methods for explaining these models and understanding the causal connections is gradually gaining importance. In this work, we advocate the use of an explanatory framework from cooperative game theory augmented with do calculus, namely causal Shapley values. Using causal Shapley values, we analyze socioeconomic disparities that have a causal link to the spread of COVID-19 in the USA. We study several phases of the disease spread to show how the causal connections change over time. We perform a causal analysis using random effects models and discuss the correspondence between the two methods to verify our results. We show the distinct advantages a non-linear machine learning models have over linear models when performing a multivariate analysis, especially since the machine learning models can map out non-linear correlations in the data. In addition, the causal Shapley values allow for including the causal structure in the variable importance computed for the machine learning model.
Spatial distances affect temporal prediction and interception
Authors: Schroeger Anna , Grießbach Eric , Raab Markus , Cañal-Bruland Rouwen
Published: September 2022

The more distant two consecutive stimuli are presented, the longer the temporal interstimulus interval (ISI) between their presentations is perceived (kappa effect). The present study aimed at testing whether the kappa effect not only affects perceptual estimates of time, but also motor action, more specifically, interception. In a first step, the original kappa paradigm was adapted to assess the effect in temporal prediction. Second, the task was further modified to an interception task, requiring participants to spatially and temporally predict and act. In two online experiments, a white circle was successively presented at three locations moving from left to right with constant spatial and temporal ISIs in between. Participants were asked to either (i) indicate the time of appearance of the predicted fourth stimulus (Exp. 1) or to (ii) intercept the predicted fourth location at the correct time (Exp. 2). In both experiments the temporal response depended on the spatial intervals. In line with the kappa effect, participants predicted the final stimulus to appear later (Exp. 1) or intercepted it later (Exp. 2), the more distant the stimuli were presented. Together, these results suggest that perceptual biases such as the kappa effect impact motor interception performance.
Tailoring the refractive index of impedance-matched ferrite composites
Authors: Parke L. , Youngs I. J. , Gallagher C. P. , Hibbins A. P. , Sambles J. R.
Published: September 2022

Independent control of the magnetic and electric properties of two-part and three-part ferrite composites is demonstrated through variation of particle size and volume fraction of ferrite inclusions. This provides a route to creating broadband impedance-matched composites with tailored high refractive-index values. A two-part composite comprising NiZn ferrite in a PTFE dielectric host with approximately equal values of relative real permittivity and permeability up to 100 MHz is manufactured. The refractive index for NiZn–PTFE composites, measured at 20 MHz, is 6.1 for NiZn volume fraction of 50%vol. and 6.9 for NiZn volume fraction of 70%vol. Similarly, we have characterised a three-part composite with a refractive index of approximately 16 up to 60 MHz. The three-part composite comprises NiZn and MnZn ferrites in a PTFE dielectric host matrix with a percentage volume ratio of 65%: 15%: 20%, respectively.
Optimal flickering light stimulation for entraining gamma rhythms in older adults
Authors: Park Yeseung , Lee Kanghee , Park Jaehyeok , Bae Jong Bin , Kim Sang-Su , Kim Do-Won , Woo Se Joon , Yoo Seunghyup , Kim Ki Woong
Published: September 2022

With aging, optimal parameters of flickering light stimulation (FLS) for gamma entrainment may change in the eyes and brain. We investigated the optimal FLS parameters for gamma entrainment in 35 cognitively normal old adults by comparing event-related synchronization (ERS) and spectral Granger causality (sGC) of entrained gamma rhythms between different luminance intensities, colors, and flickering frequencies of FLSs. ERS entrained by 700 cd/m2FLS and 32 Hz or 34 Hz FLSs was stronger than that entrained by 400 cd/m2at Pz (p < 0.01) and 38 Hz or 40 Hz FLSs, respectively, at both Pz (p < 0.05) and Fz (p < 0.01). Parieto-occipital-to-frontotemporal connectivities of gamma rhythm entrained by 700 cd/m2FLS and 32 Hz or 34 Hz FLSs were also stronger than those entrained by 400 cd/m2at Pz (p < 0.01) and 38 Hz or 40 Hz FLSs, respectively (p < 0.001). ERS and parieto-occipital-to-frontotemporal connectivities of entrained gamma rhythms did not show significant difference between white and red lights. Adverse effects were comparable between different parameters. In older adults, 700 cd/m2FLS at 32 Hz or 34 Hz can entrain a strong gamma rhythm in the whole brain with tolerable adverse effects.
Gingival epithelial cell-derived microvesicles activate mineralization in gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Kobayashi Shuichiro , Bi Jiarui , Owen Gethin , Larjava Nelli , Koivisto Leeni , Häkkinen Lari , Larjava Hannu
Published: September 2022

Soft tissue calcification occurs in many parts of the body, including the gingival tissue. Epithelial cell-derived MVs can control many functions in fibroblasts but their role in regulating mineralization has not been explored. We hypothesized that microvesicles (MVs) derived from gingival epithelial cells could regulate calcification of gingival fibroblast cultures in osteogenic environment. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium with or without human gingival epithelial cell-derived MV stimulation. Mineralization of the cultures, localization of the MVs and mineral deposits in the HGF cultures were assessed. Gene expression changes associated with MV exposure were analyzed using gene expression profiling and real-time qPCR. Within a week of exposure, epithelial MVs stimulated robust mineralization of HGF cultures that was further enhanced by four weeks. The MVs taken up by the HGF's did not calcify themselves but induced intracellular accumulation of minerals. HGF gene expression profiling after short exposure to MVs demonstrated relative dominance of inflammation-related genes that showed increases in gene expression. In later cultures, OSX, BSP and MMPs were significantly upregulated by the MVs. These results suggest for the first time that epithelial cells maybe associated with the ectopic mineralization process often observed in the soft tissues.
Automatic composition of Guzheng (Chinese Zither) music using long short-term memory network (LSTM) and reinforcement learning (RL)
Authors: Chen Shuling , Zhong Yong , Du Ruxu
Published: September 2022

In recent years, with the advance of Artificial Intelligence, automatic music composition has been demonstrated. However, there are many music genres and music instruments. For a same piece of music, different music instruments would produce different effects. Invented some 2500 years ago, Guzheng is one of the oldest music instruments in China and the world. It has distinct timbres and patterns that cannot be duplicated by other music instruments. Therefore, it is interesting to see whether AI can compose Guzheng music or alike. In this paper we present a method that can automatically compose and play Guzheng music. First, we collect a number of existing Guzheng music pieces and convert them into Music Instrument Digital Interface format. Second, we use these data to train a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and use the trained network to generate new Guzheng music pieces. Next, we use the Reinforcement Learning to optimize the LSTM network by adding special Guzheng playing techniques. Comparing to the existing AI methods, such as LSTM and Generative Adversary Network, our new method is more effective in capturing the characteristics of Guzheng music. According to the evaluations from skilled Guzheng players and general audiences, our Guzheng music is very close to the real Guzheng music. The presented method can also be used to automatically compose the music of other Chinese music instruments.
Impact of socioeconomic and cardiovascular risk factors on the effect of genetic variants associated with NT-proBNP
Authors: Matusch Emanuel , Frank Mirjam , Kara Kaffer , Mahabadi Amir A. , Dragano Nico , Erbel Raimund , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Schmidt Börge
Published: September 2022

N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is an established biomarker for diagnosis of heart failure. The study aims to explore whether known cardiovascular risk factors, including education and income as indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP), may interact with the genetic effect of NT-proBNP-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to influence plasma levels of NT-proBNP in a population-based study sample. Information on effect alleles of three SNPs previously reported to be related to NT-proBNP was combined individually for 4,520 participants of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study to calculate a genetic risk allele sum score (GRSNT-proBNP). Linear Regression models were used to examine the association of cardiovascular risk factors and GRSNT-proBNP with log-transformed NT-proBNP levels, as well as cardiovascular risk factor by GRSNT-proBNP interactions. The GRSNT-proBNP was associated with NT-proBNP showing 1.13-fold (95% CI 1.10–1.16) higher plasma levels per additional effect allele. Interaction terms included in the regression models gave some indication for interaction of the GRSNT-proBNP with the SEP indicator income as well as with C-reactive protein. In regression models stratified by income quartiles the strongest genetic effect was observed in the third income quartile showing 1.18-fold (95% CI 1.12–1.25) higher average NT-proBNP levels per additional allele compared to the lowest income quartile with 1.08-fold (95% CI 1.01–1.15) higher NT-proBNP levels. The results of the present study indicate that genetic effects of NT-proBNP increasing alleles are stronger in higher SEP groups. This may be due to a stronger influence of non-genetic cardiovascular risk on NT-proBNP in low SEP groups.
Development of a new toolbox for mouse PET–CT brain image analysis fully based on CT images and validation in a PD mouse model
Authors: Presotto L. , Bettinardi V. , Mercatelli D. , Picchio M. , Morari M. , Moresco R. M. , Belloli Sara
Published: September 2022

Automatic analysis toolboxes are popular in brain image analysis, both in clinical and in preclinical practices. In this regard, we proposed a new toolbox for mouse PET–CT brain image analysis including a new Statistical Parametric Mapping-based template and a pipeline for image registration of PET–CT images based on CT images. The new templates is compatible with the common coordinate framework (CCFv3) of the Allen Reference Atlas (ARA) while the CT based registration step allows to facilitate the analysis of mouse PET–CT brain images. From the ARA template, we identified 27 volumes of interest that are relevant for in vivo imaging studies and provided binary atlas to describe them. We acquired 20 C57BL/6 mice with [18F]FDG PET–CT, and 12 of them underwent 3D T2-weighted high-resolution MR scans. All images were elastically registered to the ARA atlas and then averaged. High-resolution MR images were used to validate a CT-based registration pipeline. The resulting method was applied to a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease subjected to a test–retest study (n = 6) with the TSPO-specific radioligand [18F]VC701. The identification of regions of microglia/macrophage activation was performed in comparison to the Ma and Mirrione template. The new toolbox identified 11 (6 after false discovery rate adjustment, FDR) brain sub-areas of significant [18F]VC701 uptake increase versus the 4 (3 after FDR) macro-regions identified by the Ma and Mirrione template. Moreover, these 11 areas are functionally connected as found by applying the Mouse Connectivity tool of ARA. In conclusion, we developed a mouse brain atlas tool optimized for PET–CT imaging analysis that does not require MR. This tool conforms to the CCFv3 of ARA and could be applied to the analysis of mouse brain disease models.
Genetic correction of haemoglobin E in an immortalised haemoglobin E/beta-thalassaemia cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Trakarnsanga Kongtana , Thongsin Nontaphat , Metheetrairut Chanatip , Tipgomut Chartsiam , Poldee Saiphon , Wattanapanitch Methichit
Published: September 2022

β-thalassaemia is one of the most common genetic blood diseases worldwide with over 300 mutations in the HBB gene affecting red blood cell functions. Recently, advances in genome editing technology have provided a powerful tool for precise genetic correction. Generation of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) followed by genetic correction of HBB mutations and differentiation into haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) offers a potential therapy to cure the disease. However, the biggest challenge is to generate functional HSPCs that are capable of self-renewal and transplantable. In addition, functional analyses of iPSC-derived erythroid cells are hampered by poor erythroid expansion and incomplete erythroid differentiation. Previously, we generated an immortalised erythroid cell line (SiBBE) with unique properties, including unlimited expansion and the ability to differentiate into mature erythrocytes. In this study, we report a highly efficient genetic correction of HbE mutation in the SiBBE cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The HbE-corrected clones restored β-globin production with reduced levels of HbE upon erythroid differentiation. Our approach provides a sustainable supply of corrected erythroid cells and represents a valuable model for validating the therapeutic efficacy of gene editing systems.
Metal artifact reduction in ultra-high-resolution cone-beam CT imaging with a twin robotic X-ray system
Authors: Kunz Andreas Steven , Patzer Theresa Sophie , Grunz Jan-Peter , Luetkens Karsten Sebastian , Hartung Viktor , Hendel Robin , Fieber Tabea , Genest Franca , Ergün Süleyman , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Huflage Henner
Published: September 2022

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been shown to be a powerful tool for 3D imaging of the appendicular skeleton, allowing for detailed visualization of bone microarchitecture. This study was designed to compare artifacts in the presence of osteosynthetic implants between CBCT and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in cadaveric wrist scans. A total of 32 scan protocols with varying tube potential and current were employed: both conventional CBCT and MDCT studies were included with tube voltage ranging from 60 to 140 kVp as well as additional MDCT protocols with dedicated spectral shaping via tin prefiltration. Irrespective of scanner type, all examinations were conducted in ultra-high-resolution (UHR) scan mode. For reconstruction of UHR-CBCT scans an additional iterative metal artifact reduction algorithm was employed, an image correction tool which cannot be used in combination with UHR-MDCT. To compare applied radiation doses between both scanners, the volume computed tomography dose index for a 16 cm phantom (CTDIvol) was evaluated. Images were assessed regarding subjective and objective image quality. Without automatic tube current modulation or tube potential control, radiation doses ranged between 1.3 mGy (with 70 kVp and 50.0 effective mAs) and 75.2 mGy (with 140 kVp and 383.0 effective mAs) in UHR-MDCT. Using the pulsed image acquisition method of the CBCT scanner, CTDIvol ranged between 2.3 mGy (with 60 kVp and 0.6 mean mAs per pulse) and 61.0 mGy (with 133 kVp and 2.5 mean mAs per pulse). In essence, all UHR-CBCT protocols employing a tube potential of 80 kVp or more were found to provide superior overall image quality and artifact reduction compared to UHR-MDCT (all p < .050). Interrater reliability of seven radiologists regarding image quality was substantial for tissue assessment and moderate for artifact assessment with Fleiss kappa of 0.652 (95% confidence interval 0.618–0.686; p < 0.001) and 0.570 (95% confidence interval 0.535–0.606; p < 0.001), respectively. Our results demonstrate that the UHR-CBCT scan mode of a twin robotic X-ray system facilitates excellent visualization of the appendicular skeleton in the presence of metal implants. Achievable image quality and artifact reduction are superior to dose-comparable UHR-MDCT and even MDCT protocols employing spectral shaping with tin prefiltration do not achieve the same level of artifact reduction in adjacent soft tissue.
BCGΔBCG1419c increased memory CD8+ T cell-associated immunogenicity and mitigated pulmonary inflammation compared with BCG in a model of chronic tuberculosis
Authors: Kwon Kee Woong , Aceves-Sánchez Michel de Jesús , Segura-Cerda Cristian Alfredo , Choi Eunsol , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Shin Sung Jae , Flores-Valdez Mario Alberto
Published: September 2022

Previously, we reported that a hygromycin resistant version of the BCGΔBCG1419c vaccine candidate reduced tuberculosis (TB) disease in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and B6D2F1 mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv. Here, the second-generation version of BCGΔBCG1419c (based on BCG Pasteur ATCC 35734, without antibiotic resistance markers, and a complete deletion of BCG1419c) was compared to its parental BCG for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against the Mtb clinical isolate M2 in C57BL/6 mice. Both BCG and BCGΔBCG1419c induced production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and/or IL-2 by effector memory (CD44+CD62L−), PPD-specific, CD4+ T cells, and only BCGΔBCG1419c increased effector memory, PPD-specific CD8+ T cell responses in the lungs and spleens compared with unvaccinated mice before challenge. BCGΔBCG1419c increased levels of central memory (CD62L+CD44+) T CD4+ and CD8+ cells compared to those of BCG-vaccinated mice. Both BCG strains elicited Th1-biased antigen-specific polyfunctional effector memory CD4+/CD8+ T cell responses at 10 weeks post-infection, and both vaccines controlled Mtb M2 growth in the lung and spleen. Only BCGΔBCG1419c significantly ameliorated pulmonary inflammation and decreased neutrophil infiltration into the lung compared to BCG-vaccinated and unvaccinated mice. Both BCG strains reduced pulmonary TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels. Taken together, BCGΔBCG1419c increased memory CD8+T cell-associated immunogenicity and mitigated pulmonary inflammation compared with BCG.
Jumping mechanism in the marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae)
Authors: Nadein Konstantin , Kovalev Alexander , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: September 2022

The jumping mechanism with supporting morphology and kinematics is described in the marsh beetle Scirtes hemisphaericus (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). In marsh beetles, the jump is performed by the hind legs by the rapid extension of the hind tibia. The kinematic parameters of the jump are: 139–1536 m s−2 (acceleration), 0.4–1.9 m s−1 (velocity), 2.7–8.4 ms (time to take-off), 0.2–5.4 × 10–6 J (kinetic energy) and 14–156 (g-force). The power output of a jumping leg during the jumping movement is 3.5 × 103 to 9.6 × 103 W kg−1. A resilin-bearing elastic extensor ligament is considered to be the structure that accumulates the elastic strain energy. The functional model of the jumping involving an active latching mechanism is proposed. The latching mechanism is represented by the conical projection of the tibial flexor sclerite inserted into the corresponding socket of the tibial base. Unlocking is triggered by the contraction of flexor muscle pulling the tibial flexor sclerite backwards which in turn comes out of the socket. According to the kinematic parameters, the time of full extension of the hind tibia, and the value of the jumping leg power output, this jumping mechanism is supposed to be latch-mediated spring actuation using the contribution of elastically stored strain energy.
Tetraarylphosphonium salt-catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition between epoxides and trichloroacetonitrile for the synthesis of β-amino alcohol derivatives
Authors: Toda Yasunori , Shiokawa Ryota , Iwasaki Masaya , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Kawamura Keisuke , Sukegawa Kimiya , Suga Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

Efficient regioselective synthesis of β-amino alcohol derivatives by a tetraarylphosphonium salt-catalyzed coupling reaction of epoxides with trichloroacetonitrile is reported.
DNA-induced fusion between lipid domains of peptide–lipid hybrid vesicles
Authors: Rahman Md Mofizur , Abosheasha Mohammed A. , Ito Yoshihiro , Ueda Motoki
Published: September 2022

The membrane-fusion functionalization of the polymersome which has no fusogenicity was succeeded by the induction of lipid domain with DNA strands into the peptidic polymer membrane. This approach is one of general strategies for creating fusogenic polymersomes.
Multivariate zeolitic imidazolate frameworks with an inverting trend in flexibility
Authors: Halder Arijit , Klein Ryan A. , Lively Rachel , McGuirk C. Michael
Published: September 2022

Modulative adsorption behaviour with an inverting stepped adsorption pressure is observed in a family of multivariate flexible frameworks.
Study on the chemical synthesis process of Ga2O3 nanowires and their ultraviolet light sensor properties
Authors: Mukai Kohki , Hirota Keishiro
Published: September 2022

Details of the chemical synthesis process of ultrafine Ga2O3 nanowires and their good UV sensor performance are reported.
Gas-phase spectroscopic identification of the chlorovinyl radical
Authors: Cabezas Carlos , Chang Ching-Hua , Guillemin Jean-Claude , Endo Yasuki
Published: September 2022

Fourier transform microwave spectra for two isomers of the chlorovinyl radical have been observed in the 4–52 GHz frequency region.
BCC-Cu nanoparticles: from a transient to a stable allotrope by tuning size and reaction conditions
Authors: Alfke Jan L. , Müller Andreas , Clark Adam H. , Cervellino Antonio , Plodinec Milivoj , Comas-Vives Aleix , Copéret Christophe , Safonova Olga V.
Published: September 2022

We detected unusual BCC-structured Cu nanoparticles via in situ XAS and pXRD and prepared them in a stable form on silica. DFT modeling indicates stability of the BCC-Cu structure in an inert atmosphere for particles <10 nm, due to the low surface energy of the (211) facet.
Tuning the electron transfer events in a series of cyanide-bridged [Fe2Co2] squares according to different electron donors
Authors: Meng Lingyi , Deng Yi-Fei , Liu Jianxun , Liu Yan Jun , Zhang Yuan-Zhu
Published: September 2022

Combined substituent effects and hydrogen-bonding interactions modulate the electron transfer in cyanide bridged [Fe2Co2] squares: ferrimagnetism without ETCST for 1, while complete ETCST with T1/2 being 221 and 294 K for 2 and 3, respectively.
Structure, controlled release mechanisms and health benefits of pectins as an encapsulation material for bioactive food components
Authors: Morales-Medina Rocío , Drusch Stephan , Acevedo Francisca , Castro-Alvarez Alejandro , Benie Astrid , Poncelet Denis , Dragosavac Marijana M. , Defain Tesoriero María Victoria , Löwenstein Patricia , Yonaha Verónica , Iturralde Ramiro , Gauna Peter Regina , de Vos Paul
Published: September 2022

Depending on the chemical structure pectin may serve as protective shell material and as a prebiotic.
Photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular dearomative trifluoromethylcarboxylation of indoles and heteroanalogues with CO2and fluorinated radical precursors
Authors: Yi Yaping , Fan Zhengning , Xi Chanjuan
Published: September 2022

A photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular dearomative trifluoromethylcarboxylation and/or difluoromethylcarboxylation of indoles and heteroanalogues with CO2and fluorinated radical precursors are achieved, which afforded a range of polyfunctionalized benzoheterocycles in high yields.
Alginate-based hydrogels embedded with ZnO nanoparticles as highly responsive colorimetric oxygen indicators
Authors: Sattayapanich Kodchakorn , Chaiwat Weerawut , Boonmark Sininart , Bureekaew Sareeya , Sutthasupa Sutthira
Published: September 2022

Simple fabrication of hydrogel-based colorimetric oxygen indicators as alternative smart materials for oxygen sensitive products and systems.
A reductive dehalogenative process for chemo- and stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-dienylsulfonyl fluorides
Authors: Zeng Yu-Zhen , Wang Jian-Bai , Qin Hua-Li
Published: September 2022

A method for the synthesis of 1,3-dienylsulfonyl fluorides was developed via dehalogenation of α-halo-1,3-dienylsulfonyl fluorides in the presence of zinc powder.
Bimetallic electronic effects of Mn-doped Ni-MOF shuttle-like nanosheets remarkably enhance the supercapacitive performance
Authors: Pan Yifan , Gao Dongyan , Dang Yupeng , Xu Pengcheng , Han Dandan , Liu Changling , Wei Yen , Yang Yanru
Published: September 2022

We explored a new class of binder-free Mn doped Ni-based MOFs nanosheets through a polarity-induced solution-phase method for HSCs. The relationship between the electronic structure and the electrochemical activity has been further identified.
Discovery and photosynthesis of sinuaustones A and B, diterpenoids with a novel carbon scaffold isolated from soft coral Sinularia australiensis from Hainan
Authors: Wu Meng-Jun , Yu Dan-Dan , Su Ming-Zhi , Wang Jian-Rong , Gong Lei , Zhang Zai-Yong , Wang Hong , Guo Yue-Wei
Published: September 2022

Two novel diterpenoids, sinuaustones A (1) and B (2), featuring an unprecedented tricyclo[9.3.1.03,15]tetradecane carbon framework were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia australiensis.
Removal of p-nitrophenol from simulated sewage using MgCo-3D hydrotalcite nanospheres: capability and mechanism
Authors: Gao Fei , Xu Xinru , Yang Jingyi
Published: September 2022

Compared with conventional hydrotalcite materials, MgCo-3D hydrotalcite nanospheres have a larger surface area and more active sites and adsorption capacity.
Ultra-efficient catalytic degradation of malachite green dye wastewater by KMnO4-modified biochar (Mn/SRBC)
Authors: Zhu Hao , Zou Haiming
Published: September 2022

In this work, KMnO4-modified biochar was prepared from spirulina residue as the research object.
A mesoporous metal–organic framework used to sustainably release copper(ii) into reducing aqueous media to promote the CuAAC click reaction
Authors: Hoffmann Pascal , Lherbet Christian , Fabing Isabelle , Barthélémy Marie-Claire , Borjon-Piron Yann , Laurent Christophe , Vigroux Alain
Published: September 2022

Cr-MIL-101-NH2 (MOF1) has been used to encapsulate large amounts of copper sulfate and the resulting loaded material, Cu@MOF1, was successfully used to promote the CuAAC click reaction.
Preparation and controlled-release properties of a dual-response acidizing corrosion inhibitor
Authors: Zhitao Yang , Yuhua Yang , Haojie Zhao , Changrui Miao
Published: September 2022

In this study, HMSNs with a specific surface area of 900 m2 g−1 and a wall thickness of 50 nm were prepared by a soft template method.
Ultrahigh anisotropic carrier mobility in ZnSb monolayers functionalized with halogen atoms
Authors: Yang Wei , Guan Zhizi , Wang Hongfa , Chen Yongchao , Wang Hailong , Li Junwen
Published: September 2022

Ultrahigh carrier mobility and transport anisotropy in ZnSb monolayers functionalized with halogen atoms.
Sex determination of mummies through multi-elemental analysis of head hair using electrothermal vaporization coupled to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
Authors: MacConnachie Margaret , Lu Sarah , Wang Yangyang , Williams Jocelyn , Beauchemin Diane
Published: September 2022

Multi-elemental analysis of hair from living humans allows for accurate, non-skeletal sex determination of 500 year-old mummified individuals.
Constructing unique carboxylated proton transport channels via the phosphoric acid etching of a metal–organic framework in a crosslinked branched polybenzimidazole
Authors: Wang Peng , Wu Yingnan , Lin Wenjie , Wang Lei
Published: September 2022

The carboxylated proton transport channels were constructed in the cross-linked porous PBI membranes by using UIO-66-NH2 as a sacrificial template and PA as an etching agent.
Controlling the domain size to enhance the piezoelectricity of BiFeO3–BaTiO3via heterovalent doping
Authors: Xie Lixu , Mo Mingyue , Chen Hao , Xie Yining , Cheng Yuan , Shu Chongrui , Chen Qiang , Xing Jie , Tan Zhi , Zhu Jianguo , Zhu Huixiang
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a novel concept of domain engineering to simultaneously achieve outstanding piezoelectricity (d33 ∼ 191 pC N−1) and high Curie temperature (TC ∼ 485 °C) in BF ceramics by adding elements with high valence difference.
Magnetic nanoparticle-infiltrated hydroxyapatite scaffolds accelerate osteoclast apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy-aggravated ER stress
Authors: Zhu Yue , Li Zhiyu , Sun Xiaoqing , Gao Yichun , Kang Ke , He Jing , Wu Yao
Published: September 2022

Magnetic hydroxyapatite scaffold promoted osteoclast apoptosis and decreased osteoclast proliferation. Suitable magnetic microenvironments increased adequate ATP supply and decreased ROS, which resulted in inhibiting autophagy-aggravated ER stress.
A theoretical study of thePnmaandR3̄mphases of Sb2S3, Bi2S3, and Sb2Se3
Authors: da Silva E. Lora , Skelton J. M. , Rodríguez-Hernández P. , Muñoz A. , Santos M. C. , Martínez-García D. , Vilaplana R. , Manjón F. J.
Published: September 2022

We report a comparative theoretical study of thePnmaandR3̄mphases of Sb2S3, Bi2S3, and Sb2Se3close to ambient pressure and show that both phases of Sb2S3may coexist up to moderate applied pressures.
Reduced graphene oxide-wrapped Fe–Fe3O4@mSiO2 hollow core–shell composites with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Yu Yange , Yuan Yong , Sun Xueyin , Shao Wenzhu , Zhen Liang , Jiang Jiantang
Published: September 2022

The introduction of RGO-wrapped ferrites/ferromagnetic composites avoids agglomeration and ensures full utilization of ferromagnetic loss.
Luminescent chiral triangular prisms capable of forming double helices for detecting traces of acids and anion recognition
Authors: Bian Lifang , Tang Min , Liu Jiali , Liang Yimin , Wu Lin , Liu Zhichang
Published: September 2022

We synthesized a pair of tetraphenylethylene-based enantiomeric (R)- and (S)-Δ which form double helices. Acid-responsive luminescence of both triangles enables them detecting traces of acids in organic solvents such as CDCl3, CH2Cl2, CHCl3,etc.
In situ x-ray studies of growth of complex oxides on graphene by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Yan Xi , Cao Hui , Li Yan , Hong Hawoong , Gosztola David J. , Guisinger Nathan P. , Zhou Hua , Fong Dillon D.
Published: September 2022

Future technologies are likely to exploit flexible heterostructures exhibiting multifunctional properties constructed from multiple materials. One technique for the synthesis of such systems relies on remote epitaxy, a method employing graphene as a sacrificial layer between a crystalline substrate and an epitaxial film. The technique can be used to create single crystal heterostructures comprised of stacked epitaxial films, their properties optimized by minimizing incompatibilities between the different materials. Details regarding nucleation and growth via remote epitaxy remain unknown, however, due to the many difficulties in studying synthesis in the growth environment with atomic-scale resolution. Here, we describe an in situ synchrotron x-ray investigation of complex oxide thin film growth on graphene by molecular beam epitaxy. Phase retrieval methods were used to reconstruct the electron density profiles from x-ray crystal truncation rods measured under different growth conditions. Our in situ observations combined with post-growth spectroscopy provide a number of key insights regarding graphene in the synthesis environment and the resulting effects on the complex oxide/graphene heterostructure.
Simultaneous interpreting experience enhances the use of case markers for prediction in Turkish
Authors: Özkan Deniz , Hodzik Ena , Diriker Ebru
Published: September 2022

This study investigated individual differences in prediction during language comprehension in professional and student Turkish (A)–English (B) simultaneous interpreters as a function of simultaneous interpreting (SI) experience and working memory capacity (WMC). A Turkish visual-world eye-tracking prediction task examined whether the accusative versus the nominative case markers on the initial nouns of sentences could be used as cues to predicting an upcoming argument. The participants’ WMC was measured using an automated operation span task. We found a prediction effect (a significantly higher increase in fixations to the plausible agent with time in the accusative than in the nominative condition) for the professionals, but not for the students. WMC contributed positively to the prediction effect in the professionals. Our findings indicate an SI-related advantage for prediction in professional versus student interpreters. Importantly, the present findings revealed an SI-related advantage in a prediction task that did not require interpreting.
The agent-centred translation zone
Authors: Fheodoroff Marlene
Published: September 2022

The concept of the translation zone (Simon 2013) describes spaces of intense language interaction, and has, hitherto, mostly been used to explore bi- or multilingual cities (Cronin and Simon 2014). This paper aims to broaden the concept of the translation zone and adapt it into a heuristic concept with an agent focus. To achieve this, the translation zone is combined with the spatial triad by Rolshoven (2012) – built space, experienced space, representation space. This nuanced, agent-centred conceptualisation has methodological implications: Ethnographic research methods, e.g. participant observation and in-depth interviews, are favoured when investigating plurilingual people’s living environments, requiring researchers to reflect on their own position. The agent-centred translation zone can, therefore, be used to conceptualise interpreting settings (plurilingual schools, for instance) as translational spaces and to examine their interlingual, intralingual and intersemiotic polymorphous translation practices, considering the effects of laws, societal perceptions, personal views, and structural aspects of physical spaces.
Strict non-blocking four-port optical router for mesh photonic network-on-chip
Authors: Xia Yuhao , Yang Shanglin , Niu Jiaqi , Fu Xin , Yang Lin
Published: September 2022

We report a strict non-blocking four-port optical router that is used for a mesh photonic network-on-chip on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The router consists of eight silicon microring switches that are tuned by the thermo-optic effect. For each tested rousting state, the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical router is larger than 13.8 dB at the working wavelength. The routing functionality of the device is verified. We perform 40 Gbps nonreturn to zero code data transmission on its 12 optical links. Meanwhile, data transmission using wavelength division multiplexing on eight channels in the C band (from 1525 to 1565 nm) has been adopted to increase the communication capacity. The optical router’s average energy efficiency is 25.52 fJ/bit. The rising times (10% to 90%) of the eight optical switch elements are less than 10 µs and the falling times (90%–10%) are less than 20 µs.
Electrical and optical properties of hydrogen plasma treated β-Ga2O3 thin films
Authors: Jiang Qian , Meng Junhua , Shi Yiming , Yin Zhigang , Chen Jingren , Zhang Jing , Wu Jinliang , Zhang Xingwang
Published: September 2022

The behavior of H in β-Ga2O3 is of substantial interest because it is a common residual impurity that is present in β-Ga2O3, regardless of the synthesis methods. Herein, we report the influences of H-plasma exposure on the electric and optical properties of the heteroepitaxial β-Ga2O3 thin films grown on sapphire substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The results indicate that the H incorporation leads to a significantly increased electrical conductivity, a greatly reduced defect-related photoluminescence emission, and a slightly enhanced transmittance, while it has little effect on the crystalline quality of the β-Ga2O3 films. The significant changes in the electrical and optical properties of β-Ga2O3 may originate from the formation of shallow donor states and the passivation of the defects by the incorporated H. Temperature dependent electrical properties of the H-incorporated β-Ga2O3 films are also investigated, and the dominant scattering mechanisms at various temperatures are discussed.
Ni/Pd-based ohmic contacts to p-GaN through p-InGaN/p+-GaN contacting layers
Authors: Zhang Minglong , Ikeda Masao , Huang Siyi , Liu Jianping , Zhu Jianjun , Zhang Shuming , Yang Hui
Published: September 2022

Specific contact resistance

to p-GaN was measured for various structures of Ni/Pd-based metals and thin (20–30 nm thick) p-InGaN/p+-GaN contacting layers. The effects of surface chemical treatment and annealing temperature were examined. The optimal annealing temperature was determined to be 550 °C, above which the sheet resistance of the samples degraded considerably, suggesting that undesirable alloying had occurred. Pd-containing metal showed ~35% lower

compared to that of single Ni. Very thin (2–3.5 nm thick) p-InGaN contacting layers grown on 20–25 nm thick p+-GaN layers exhibited one to two orders of magnitude smaller values of

compared to that of p+-GaN without p-InGaN. The current density dependence of

, which is indicative of nonlinearity in current-voltage relation, was also examined. The lowest

achieved through this study was 4.9 × 10–5 Ω·cm2 @ J = 3.4 kA/cm2.
Development of antimicrobial nanocomposite scaffolds via loading CZTSe quantum dots for wound dressing applications
Authors: Ceylan Seda , Sert Buse , Yurt Fatma , Tunçel Ayça , Öztürk İsmail , Demir Didem , Ocakoglu Kasim
Published: September 2022

The antimicrobial properties of scaffolds designed for use in wound healing are accepted as an important factor in the healing process to accelerate the wound healing process without causing inflammation. For this purpose, chitosan–polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes loaded with Cu2ZnSnSe4 quantum dots (CZTSe QDs) as an antibacterial and cytocompatible biomaterial to regulate the wound healing process were produced. CZTSe QDs particles were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Polymer-based nanocomposites with different concentrations of the synthesized nanoparticles were produced by the solvent casting method. After detailed physicochemical and morphological characterizations of CZTSe QDs and composite membranes, antibacterial activities and cell viability were extensively investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and yeast strains, and L929 mouse fibroblast cells lines, respectively. The results show that the preparation of composite scaffolds at a QDs concentration of 3.3% by weight has the best antimicrobial activity. Composite scaffold membranes, which can be obtained as a result of an easy production process, are thought to have great potential applications in tissue engineering as wound dressing material due to their high mechanical properties, wettability, strong antibacterial properties and non-toxicity.
Strong collective action enables valuable and sustainable fisheries for cooperatives
Authors: Elsler Laura G , Quintana Anastasia , Giron-Nava Alfredo , Oostdijk Maartje , Stefanski Stephanie , Guillermo Xavier Basurto , Nenadovic Mateja , Romero María José Espinosa , Weaver Amy Hudson , Van Dyck Salvador Rodriguez , Tekwa E W
Published: September 2022

Seafood is one of the most internationally-traded food commodities. International markets can provide higher revenues that benefit small-scale fishing communities but can also drive a decline in fished populations. Collective action in collective organizations such as fishing cooperatives is thought to enhance the sustainability of fished populations. However, our knowledge of how collective action enables fishing cooperatives to achieve positive social-ecological outcomes is dispersed across case studies. Here, we present a quantitative, national-level analysis exploring the relationship between different levels of collective action and social-ecological outcomes. We found that strong collective action in Mexican lobster cooperatives was related to both sustaining their fisheries and benefiting from international trade. In the 15 year study period, lobster cooperatives that demonstrate characteristics associated with strong collective action captured benefits from trade through high catch volumes and revenue. Despite lower (but stable) average prices, the biomass of their lobster populations was not compromised to reap these benefits. Individual case studies previously found that fishing cooperatives can support both positive social and ecological outcomes in small-scale fisheries. Our results confirm these findings at a national level and highlight the importance of strong collective action. Thus, our work contributes to a better understanding of the governance arrangements to promote fishing communities’ welfare and benefits from international trade and, therefore, will be invaluable to advancing small-scale fisheries governance.
Gaseous reactive nitrogen losses of agricultural systems in China influenced by crop trade
Authors: Yue Wencong , Yu Shujie , Su Meirong , Xu Meng , Rong Qiangqiang , Xu Chao , Tan Zhenkun , Cai Yanpeng
Published: September 2022

China plays an important role in the international trade of agricultural commodities. Considering the dynamic reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses of agricultural systems in China, a hypothesis was proposed that crop conversion in China would be correlated with the extent of crop trade, influencing Nr losses in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to verify the hypothesis based on a hybrid approach, which incorporated life cycle analysis (LCA), copula–Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation, and copula sampling. The approach was proven to be of benefit in (a) evaluating Nr losses in crop planting based on a LCA framework, (b) identifying dependencies and co-movements of the correlated variables in planting structures and crop trade using copula–MCMC simulations, and (c) recognizing fluctuations in Nr losses of crop planting in the future using copula-based sampling method. The planting structures and international trade of four types of crops (i.e. wheat, soybeans, maize, and rice) in 20 provinces of China indicated significant correlations, thus supporting the initial hypothesis. With the improvement of self-sufficiency in crop production, especially soybeans, Nr losses from the crop production of China in 2025 and 2030 would decrease by 8.43% and 4.26%, compared with those in 2018 (i.e. 1916.74 kt N).
Electrochemical codeine sensor based on carbon paste electrode/HKUST-1
Authors: Pirasteh Masoud , Momeni Isfahani Tahereh , Pourghobadi Zeinab
Published: September 2022

In this research, the Cu-MOF (metal-organic framework, HKUST-1) was synthesized via co-precipitation method and it was into the carbon paste electrode and has been investigated in the measurement of codeine. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The effective parameters in the sensitivity of the method were optimized. Quantitative measurements and determination of codeine at the surface of the modified electrode were performed by using differential pulse voltammetry. Finally, the ability of the developed method to measure codeine in real plasma samples was investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range was obtained from 2 to 100 μM with a limit of detection of 0.66 μM. The high efficiency of the developed electrode in plasma samples was proved by using high and acceptable accuracy and satisfactory relative recovery percentage. The results in which the recoveries values with RSD% for three repeated measurements were in the range of 97–109 (%RSD = 3.75 to 4).
Plectin linkages are mechanosensitive and required for the nuclear piston mechanism of three-dimensional cell migration
Authors: Marks Pragati C. , Hewitt Breanne R. , Baird Michelle A. , Wiche Gerhard , Petrie Ryan J.
Published: September 2022

The nucleus can hinder cell migration through three-dimensional environments due to its size and rigidity. We find that plectin cross-links vimentin and actomyosin filaments in response to substrate rigidity and these cross-links help to pull the nucleus forward in cells moving through the narrow openings in extracellular matrices.
Dynamic glucose uptake, storage, and release by human microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Yazdani Samaneh , Bilan Philip J. , Jaldin-Fincati Javier R. , Pang Janice , Ceban Felicia , Saran Ekambir , Brumell John H. , Freeman Spencer A. , Klip Amira
Published: September 2022

We followed radioactive and fluorescent glucose derivatives in human microvascular endothelial cells (HAMEC). [3H]-2-DG entered via GLUT1/3 and 20% incorporated into glycogen. Glycogenolysis and 2-DG-6-phosphate provided glucose that exited cells via GLUT3. 2-NBDG revealed a parallel endocytic process evincing complex glucose handling by HAMEC.