bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment les surfeurs ont inventé la pollution de l'océan
Authors: Simoncini Nicolas
Published: November 2019

En prenant pour point de départ une controverse environnementale qui s’organise autour du dragage du port de Capbreton dans les Landes au début des années 1990, cet article vise à examiner les modalités selon lesquelles une association de surfeurs, la Surfrider Foundation Europe (SFE), a contribué à façonner les formes d’existence de la pollution maritime en région Aquitaine. L’analyse des données révèle qu’au sein d’un réseau d’acteurs contraignant, et suite à l’échec de leur mobilisation, les membres de la SFE ont adapté leurs stratégies d’intéressement en passant d’une expertise profane liée aux savoirs surfistiques à un régime hybride utilisant des dispositifs et des instruments scientifiques pointus. De cette manière, ils ont entraîné un réaménagement des politiques publiques régissant la qualité des eaux de baignade. Dans un même temps, les acteurs engagés et les objets qu’ils ont mobilisés se sont modifiés en étant pris dans le réseau.
Des hommes en école de sages-femmes
Authors: Olivier Alice
Published: November 2019

En s’engageant dans des études « féminines », les étudiants hommes sages-femmes sont susceptibles d’être affectés par différents mécanismes de socialisation secondaire masculine, émanant du groupe étudiant notamment. Au contact de ce groupe particulier, deviennent-ils de « nouveaux » hommes ? À partir d’observations menées au sein de trois écoles de sage-femme et d’entretiens conduits auprès de vingt-deux étudiants hommes, j’argumente que leur présence dans ce groupe implique non seulement des adaptations et des transformations de leur part, mais permet aussi de souligner une pluralité de masculinités (Connell, 2014). Dans une perspective d’étude des formes de socialisation continue (Darmon, 2006), je montre que la façon dont ces hommes s’approprient cette socialisation et recomposent alors leurs pratiques masculines dépend largement de leur socialisation primaire en termes de genre, et, de façon moindre et en partie liée, de la manière dont ils ont construit leur orientation vers la maïeutique.
Mesure des traitements et traitements sur mesure
Authors: Fainzang Sylvie , Ouvrier Ashley
Published: November 2019

Alors que la gestion des risques et l’autonomie du patient ne cessent d’être mises en avant dans les stratégies de santé publique, peu de travaux ont documenté jusqu’à présent la manière dont les profanes s’approprient la mesure des risques liés à leurs consommations médicamenteuses. Cette étude ethnographique réalisée en France s’intéresse aux choix, mesures et stratégies que les usagers atteints de pathologies variées mettent en place à différents moments de leur parcours de soins pour gérer leur consommation de médicaments. Que mesurent-ils (leur mal, les effets indésirables, les risques psychosociaux) ? Dans quelles circonstances (à partir de quels savoirs, expériences, discours) ? Et selon quelles logiques (maximisation de l’efficacité, minimalisation des risques, personnalisation du traitement) ? L’analyse montre que les usagers s’approprient une « culture de la mesure » partagée par l’institution médicale, mais qu’ils en pointent les écueils et les limites, à travers leurs pratiques fondées sur des élaborations cognitives personnelles.
Évaluer des dossiers « vides »
Authors: Boullier Henri
Published: November 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont la persistance des asymétries d’information entre autorités et entreprises amène les experts à recourir à des considérations gestionnaires et économiques pour former leurs jugements. Partant de l’ethnographie d’un comité d’experts chargé d’évaluer les risques de molécules dangereuses dans le contexte du règlement européen REACH, nous montrons que les savoirs mobilisés dans le cadre de l’évaluation portent sur les manières de gérer les molécules plutôt que sur leur toxicité. Les données toxicologiques fournies par les entreprises participent à une production organisée de l’ignorance. Pour qualifier les risques et proposer les mesures de gestion adaptées, les évaluateurs mettent alors au centre de l’expertise des informations sur le cadre réglementaire et des analyses socio-économiques. Au cours de ce travail de substitution, l’évaluation devient explicitement un acte de gestion qui agit sur les ontologies et le traitement des risques et qui reproduit la dépendance des experts aux données des entreprises.
Pourquoi on n’arrive pas à inscrire les enfants à l’école ?
Authors: Véniat Céline
Published: November 2019

Cet article analyse le processus discriminatoire dans l’accès à l’école des enfants roumains vivant en bidonville en se concentrant sur l’étape de l’inscription scolaire auprès de la mairie. Le principal obstacle rencontré au moment de l’inscription concerne la possibilité de justifier d’une domiciliation reconnue par la municipalité. À partir de séquences d’observation au guichet des inscriptions scolaires et lors de réunions avec les responsables des services enseignement, cette enquête apporte un éclairage sur la manière dont les acteurs associatifs mobilisent le droit en situation pour contester une pratique jugée discriminatoire. Elle montre également comment les contraintes organisationnelles des administrations et des associations tendent à accentuer ce processus discriminatoire, notamment en freinant l’activité de délibération en vue de modifier la règle. Cette approche multi-située permet de mettre en évidence le caractère diffus et complexe de la fabrique des discriminations.
Variabilité des formes de gouvernance d’un contrat local de santé : ajustement en situation et légitimation négociée
Authors: Salaméro Émilie , Haschar-Noé Nadine
Published: November 2019

La démarche contractuelle d’action publique s’est accentuée dans les années 1990, après que l’État a cherché à impliquer les collectivités territoriales dans la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques. Depuis 2009, les Contrats Locaux de Santé, négociés par les Agences régionales de santé (ARS) avec leurs interlocuteurs infrarégionaux, visent la réduction des inégalités sociales et territoriales de santé. Selon une ethnographie de l’action publique et de son instrumentation, leur mise en place constitue une bonne opportunité pour analyser les jeux de relations entre les niveaux d’action publique et le renouvellement des formes d’exercice du pouvoir par l’État. L’étude de la fabrication du premier contrat local de santé signé en Midi-Pyrénées montre qu’en contexte incertain, l’ARS et sa délégation territoriale, prises entre autonomie relative, relations d’interdépendance et nécessité de compromis, sont contraintes d’ajuster leurs modes de gouvernance selon les temporalités et interlocuteurs de cet instrument d’action publique et de définir en situation sa cohérence.
Gouverner par autocontrôles ?
Authors: Schmitt Florent , Jauffret-Roustide Marie
Published: November 2019

Cet article propose une analyse du travail de prévention mené par les professionnels œuvrant dans des établissements de « réduction des risques » pour usagers de drogues. Ce travail consiste à vérifier si ceux-ci mettent bien en pratique un certain nombre de règles de prévention puis à les y inciter, notamment en vue de limiter les risques sanitaires liés à l’injection. Si certaines analyses y ont vu une forme de discipline des corps au sens foucaldien du terme, nous montrons à partir de deux terrains ethnographiques que s’y jouent également la nécessité de construire une relation de confiance, des occasions légitimes de « parler consommation » et une négociation autour de l’application des règles permettant l’évitement des risques. Le travail de prévention apparaît alors moins comme une discipline que comme une forme de gouvernement par autocontrôles où le professionnel et l’usager de drogues doivent, l’un comme l’autre, contrôler leurs conduites.
Garder un pied dehors
Authors: Gautier Amandine
Published: November 2019

Cet article interroge les spécificités d’un groupe professionnel, les agents de l’État en abattoir. Ces particularités soulèvent plusieurs tensions structurantes qui gagnent à être analysées en termes de socialisation. Les agents en abattoir sont en effet tiraillés entre leur appartenance à la fonction publique et l’ouvriérisation du travail, d’une part, et leur engagement au travail et une tentation démissionnaire, d’autre part. L’un des enjeux de cette étude consiste à montrer comment ce personnel négocie le travail « à-côté » afin de ménager des dispositions issues de leur trajectoire et de leurs appartenances sociales. Cette forme de « retrait » est parfois la conséquence d’un mal-être au sein de l’administration. Elle apparaît aussi comme l’affirmation et le pivot d’une culture rurale héritée et d’une culture ouvrière adoptée. C’est sur le temps de travail que se cristallisent les conflits et que portent les arrangements. Le temps de travail devient un réel enjeu politique en ce qu’il mobilise des représentations de ce que doit être le travail, de surcroît le travail dans le secteur public. Ce sont, in fine , les sens donnés au hors-travail qui sont questionnés, notamment dans la période contemporaine, à travers l’introduction récente des enjeux de santé au travail.
Communauté professionnelle et destin commun
Authors: Abdelnour Sarah , Bernard Sophie
Published: November 2019

À partir de l’observation des mobilisations des chauffeurs de VTC, cet article interroge la capacité de travailleurs indépendants, souvent jeunes et sans expérience syndicale, à former un collectif, en particulier dans le cadre d’une mobilisation. Il s’agit d’analyser les vecteurs de socialisation professionnelle, dans un univers qui semble pourtant dérégulé et atomisé, en nous appuyant sur un matériau comprenant des observations d’événements collectifs (manifestations, réunions, procès, etc.) et des entretiens avec les chauffeurs, notamment avec les « meneurs » des mobilisations. Pour nombre d’entre eux, l’expérience professionnelle de chauffeurs Uber a rapidement basculé de l’espoir d’ascension sociale à la désillusion. Il s’agira d’examiner le passage du mécontentement à l’action collective. Un premier pan réside dans le travail de construction de la communauté professionnelle et de ses revendications par les acteurs syndicaux ou para-syndicaux. Ce discours, orienté vers la défense d’une identité professionnelle « haut-de-gamme », entre parfois en contradiction avec d’autres vecteurs de socialisation, qui tiennent notamment à ce qui pourrait ressembler à un destin commun de jeunes de quartiers populaires issus de l’immigration.
Le « Metrobus » de Mexico
Authors: Andrei Sandrine
Published: November 2019

« Metrobus » a été inauguré à Mexico en 2005. Sur un site propre de 15 km de long desservant 36 arrêts, il autorise une vitesse commerciale élevée, supérieure à 20 km/h et une grande capacité. Il aura coûté environ 40 à 50 fois moins cher qu’une ligne de métro (il transporte 250 000 voyageurs par jour), mais son insertion dans l’espace public est des plus simples.
Recycler les friches ferroviaires : réflexions d’un aménageur
Authors: Heuzé Vincent
Published: November 2019

La thèse défendue par Vincent Heuzé dans cet article est que la pénurie régulièrement invoquée d’opportunités foncières en milieu urbain pour justifier le déficit de production actuel de logements, ne peut tenir lieu d’explication valable. Le potentiel foncier en première couronne des grandes agglomérations demeure conséquent, mais il n’y a pas suffisamment de projets pour les valoriser. Les friches ferroviaires constituent une composante importante de ce potentiel. La démonstration s’appuie sur deux exemples franciliens bénéficiant d’une excellente desserte mais jusqu’ici sous-valorisés (Versailles et Ermont-Eaubonne).
Le projet « Tokyo Station City » et le programme « Station Renaissance » de JR East : une valorisation commerciale exemplaire des gares par l’opérateur ferroviaire
Authors: Koide Naoya
Published: November 2019

En complément de l’article de Raphaël Lantéri et Emmanuel Doumas paru dans le n° 112 de Transports Urbains , cette contribution de la compagnie JR East, principal transporteur ferroviaire de l’archipel, présente le projet de revitalisation de ses gares, toujours en lien avec les quartiers environnants. L’objet principal est la gare de Tokyo, très fréquentée et en connexion directe avec le quartier principal des affaires de la capitale japonaise. Mais ce sont l’ensemble des gares principales du réseau qui sont visées à plus long terme. L’opérateur ferroviaire se transforme en promoteur immobilier, avec pour but explicite d’augmenter ses recettes hors transport. C’est une nécessité du fait du vieillissement inéluctable de la population japonaise, qui débouchera tôt ou tard sur une baisse des recettes commerciales.
Quand le tramway sort de la ville. Réflexion sur la pertinence territoriale des tramways régionaux à partir de l’exemple de Kassel (Hesse, Allemagne)
Authors: Desjardins Xavier
Published: November 2019

La desserte des espaces peu denses apparaît comme le nouvel horizon du développement des réseaux de tramway. Kassel, en Hesse, présente un modèle particulièrement prometteur grâce à la présence d’un réseau de tramway régional à quatre branches, interconnecté au réseau urbain, dans un contexte territorial proche de celui de nombreuses villes moyennes françaises. L’agglomération de 250 000 habitants est au cœur d’une région de 7000 km 2  avec environ 1 million d’habitants, soit une densité moyenne. La comparaison montre toutefois qu’au-delà de la densité, c’est une forme d’agencement territorial favorable qui a été exploité grâce à la présence d’entités périurbaines souvent assez importantes, bien localisées par rapport au réseau ferroviaire. La comparaison avec des villes françaises montre que leur configuration géographique est moins favorable : une planification à l’échelle des agglomérations et de leurs pourtours périurbains et ruraux apparaît un préalable indispensable au retour du tramway hors des villes.
Digital et mobilité : quelles réalités pour les Français ? Quels impacts sur l’offre de services ?
Authors: Bonneville Jean-Baptiste , Lengyel Mathias
Published: November 2019

En 2015, Keolis s’est associé au cabinet Netexplo pour réaliser une grande enquête visant à mettre en lumière la place et l’impact du digital sur la mobilité des Français. Après un an de collecte de données et près de 3000 entretiens réalisés, les premiers résultats de l’Observatoire des mobilités digitales ont été présentés à la presse le 4 octobre dernier. Dans la première partie de cet article, nous analysons les enjeux, la méthode et les résultats marquants de cette grande enquête. Pour aller plus loin, Transports Urbains a interviewé le directeur de la prospective de la filiale du groupe SNCF. Dans la seconde partie de cet article, Éric Chareyron revient sur les enseignements à retirer d’une telle étude. Il nous livre également son point de vue personnel sur les impacts que l’appropriation de tels résultats pourrait avoir sur le secteur des transports et de la mobilité au sens large. C’est à un nécessaire changement de cultures des opérateurs et de perception de la mobilité qu’en appelle celui qui se définit lui-même comme un prospectiviste du temps présent.
Case Study: Expanding Management Foundations
Authors: Todd Alan
Published: November 2019

N/A
Effect of Video Game Usage on Academic Performance of Medical Students in King Abdulaziz University
Authors: Aljohaney Ahmed A.
Published: November 2019

Habitual playing of video games is believed to have a harmful effect on the academic performance of students. This study tracks the effect of video game playing on the academic performance of medical students in Saudi Arabia. During May through August 2013, 307 medical students in their final years filled a cross-sectional survey to collect data on the use of video games at King Abdulaziz University. Results showed female students played video games less than male students. Additionally, video game users were more likely than nonusers to have scores between 4.0 and 4.4 on a 5 point grade point average scale. While higher scoring students were less likely to play video games, only 25.6% of the surveyed students could be included in that category, and 71.8% of those students played video games for < 1 hr /day. Students who played video games for > 1 hr/day had a lesser chance (50.4%) of scoring within the highest range of grade point averages. The results indicate that while limited use of video games may improve grade point average scores, video gaming could not be recommended for students who want to score in the highest tier of grade point averages. A large-scale multi-institutional study is required to confirm these observations.
Robotic Surgery for Large Renal Stones: Prospective Three Years Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Al Sayyad Ahmed J.
Published: November 2019

This prospective study evaluates the role of robotic surgery in the management of large renal stones.  Robotic renal stone surgery is safe and effective, and may be considered among the treatment options for large renal calculi in adults, especially for patients with concomitant ureteropelvic junction obstruction.  The benefits brought by robotic systems include improved 3-D visualization, greater dexterity, precision, and increased range of motion.  Thus, robotic pyelolithotomy has been recommended for the treatment of renal calculi with concurrent upper tract abnormalities.  The efficacy and safety of robotic pyelolithotomy as a treatment of large renal pelvic stones and partial staghorn stones is evident in our study, with a substantially high stone clearance rate.  We were able to complete the robotic procedures safely and successfully in all but one of our 38 patients, who was converted to open surgery due to bleeding and severe adhesions.  Overall, we found this procedure feasible, safe, efficacious, and high yielding in the management of large renal stones, especially when the procedure is accompanied by renal pelvis reconstructive surgery.
Simulation in Critical Care Medicine: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Alhejily Wesam A.
Published: November 2019

Simulation is a recognized method of teaching in academic medicine. Despite its long availability, only a paucity of information exists regarding its efficacy and utility on patient care and subsequently on patient outcomes. In this meta-analysis, we attempt to systematically study the effect of simulation-based clinical teaching in critical care medicine. A review of literature was conducted, looking across several databases, for any available studies that compare simulation to standard methods of teaching in the setting of critical care medicine on three surrogate outcomes: enhancement of knowledge, improvement in skills, and patient outcomes. In this study, 508 articles were found at the initial screening, however only 14 articles were eligible after applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these 14 articles only 5 were found to be randomized control trials and their outcomes were either knowledge or skill enhancement, no study on patient outcome was identified. Despite the significant heterogeneity between studies (χ2 (4) = 120.73) p < 0.001), the random effect was significant on both surrogate markers (p < 0.001). As a conclusion, albeit only a few randomized trials, simulation has a positive impact on knowledge and skill acquisition in the field of critical care medicine.
Life Style Patterns and its Association with Menstrual Problems among Saudi Students in Eastern Province
Authors: Karout Najwa K.
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to evaluate the lifestyle of young Saudi women and to examine any association between eating habits, exercise and smoking tobacco with diff erent menstrual dysfunctions. A cross-sectional/correlational survey was conducted on a sample of 412 students from the nursing college in Al Khobar in the Eastern province. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire relating to menstrual problems and lifestyle patterns and revealed that an unhealthy lifestyle was common among young Saudi women and was a major concern for public health specialists. Analysis of the data also showed that eating fast food increased the risk of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea. Smoking had a significant association with premenstrual syndrome and hypermenorrhea; skipping breakfast had an inverse association with amenorrhea.However, the current study did not fi nd any signifi cant association between doing exercise and menstrual disorders. In conclusion, a new trend of lifestyle in Saudi culture needs to be assessed deeply, programs for health promotion are highly recommended, and additional related studies are needed.
Using BITS for conference paper conversion
Authors: Schwarzman Alexander B. , Mayfield Jennifer
Published: November 2019

As is typical for many society publishers, OSA–The Optical Society, has both a journal and a conference program. Integrating both journal articles and conference papers within a single data source opens up a pathway to conduct business intelligence analysis over the entire corpus of the published research material, which can benefit both programs and advance the society’s mission.

In 2017, having successfully completed a project to convert almost 100 years of its journal legacy material to JATS XML, OSA decided to convert its conference content as well, tag it in a JATS-compatible way, and to combine both content segments in a single MarkLogic database. While it has been well-accepted that JATS and BITS cover the markup needs for journal and book content, respectively, it is less clear what Tag Set would be most suitable for tagging conference proceedings.

Even though we thought “we had seen it all” in converting journal content, in the course of the project we learned that handling conference metadata and journal metadata presents very different challenges. In this paper, we share our experience with using BITS for marking up individual conference papers and how our business decisions shaped how we structure the XML. We demonstrate that because BITS was explicitly designed to enable the construction of books composed of units that could be part of many collections, the BITS metadata model is well-suited for representing conference paper’s nested collections, both event- and publication-related. To ensure data quality, we have built workflows, designed XML tools (e.g., Tag Subset, Schematron), and instituted visual QC procedures that allowed us to achieve our objective. We conclude our paper with lessons learned from this project and new opportunities its successful completion has opened up.
Dando voz às vozes das crianças: práticas e problemas, armadilhas e potenciais
Authors: Grajzer Deborah Esther
Published: November 2019

Neste artigo exploro as contribuições que os debates antropológicos da década de 1980 podem trazer sobre a cultura escrita podem ter para os estudos contemporâneos da infância dentro da Antropologia e das Ciências Sociais, em geral. Argumento que a atual retórica sobre "dar voz às crianças", um lugar comum tanto dentro quanto fora da academia, representa uma ameaça para o futuro da pesquisa da infância porque mascara uma série de problemas conceituais e epistemológicos importantes. Em particular, estes relacionam-se com questões de representação, autenticidade, diversidade de experiências das crianças e sua participação na pesquisa, todos eles necessitando serem abordados pelos antropólogos nas suas próprias práticas de pesquisa com crianças. A menos que os antropólogos o façam, a pesquisa da infância corre o risco de se tornar uma vez mais marginalizada e deixará de proporcionar uma arena dentro da qual as crianças são vistas como atores sociais, capazes de contribuírem com uma perspectiva única acerca do mundo social em relação a assuntos que lhes dizem respeito como crianças.
Model-measurement consistency and limits of bioaerosol abundance over the continental United States
Authors: Zawadowicz Maria A. , Froyd Karl D. , Perring Anne E. , Murphy Daniel M. , Spracklen Dominick V. , Heald Colette L. , Buseck Peter R. , Cziczo Daniel J.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Due to low concentrations and chemical complexity,
in situ observations of bioaerosol are geographically and temporally sparse, and
this limits the accuracy of current emissions inventories. In this study, we
apply a new methodology, including corrections for misidentification of
mineral dust, to measurements of single particles over four airborne
sampling campaigns to derive vertical profiles of bioaerosol over the
continental United States. The new methodology is based on single-particle
mass spectrometry (SPMS); it can extend historic datasets to include
measurements of bioaerosol, it allows comparisons to other techniques, and it generally agrees with a global aerosol model. In the locations sampled,
bioaerosols were at least a factor of 10 less abundant than mineral dust.
Below 2 km, bioaerosol concentrations were measured between 6×103 and 2×104 m−3. Between 2 and 8 km, bioaerosol concentrations were between 0 and 2×104 m−3, and above 8 km, bioaerosol concentrations were between 0 and
1×103 m−3. Between 30 % and 80 % of single
bioaerosol particles detected were internally mixed with dust. A direct
comparison of the SPMS methodology with a co-located wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIB) fluorescence
sensor on a mountaintop site showed agreement to within a factor of 3 over
the common size range.
Evaluation of equivalent black carbon (EBC) source appointment using observations from Switzerland between 2008 and 2018
Authors: Grange Stuart K. , Lötscher Hanspeter , Fischer Andrea , Emmenegger Lukas , Hueglin Christoph
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) or soot is a constituent of particulate matter (PM) which is relevant for negative human health and climate effects, and despite the lack of legal limits, it is recognised as an important atmospheric pollutant to monitor, understand, and control. Aethalometers are instruments which continuously monitor BC by measuring absorption at a number of distinct wavelengths. If collocated elemental carbon (EC) observations are used to transform these values into BC mass, by convention, the result is named equivalent black carbon (EBC). BC emitted by different combustion processes have different optical absorption characteristics and this can be used to apportion EBC mass into traffic (EBCTR) and woodburning (EBCWB) components with a data processing technique known as the aethalometer model. The aethalometer model was applied to six EBC monitoring sites across Switzerland (using data between 2008 and 2018) and was evaluated by investigating diurnal cycles, model coefficients, and ambient temperature dependence of the two EBC components. For one monitoring site, San Vittore, the aethalometer model failed to produce plausible outputs. The reason for this failure was likely due to a high load of freshly emitted wood smoke during the winter which should be thought of as a third distinct emission source. After model evaluation, the trend analysis indicated that EBCTR concentrations at the remaining five locations significantly decreased between 2008 and 2018 illustrating the successful widespread installation of diesel particulate filters (DPF) within the vehicle fleet. EBCWB also demonstrated significant deceases in most monitoring locations, but not at a monitoring site south of the Alps with a high PM load sourced from biomass burning. This indicated that the management of woodburning has be ineffective at reducing BC emissions and concentrations for this, likely representative location. The EBC/PM2.5 ratios suggested that EBC contributes 6–13 % of the PM2.5 mass in Switzerland which is important for soot and PM source management. The aethalometer model is a useful data analysis procedure, but can fail under certain conditions, thus, careful evaluation is required to ensure the method is robust and suitable in other locations.
Seasonal reconstructions coupling ice core data and an isotope enabled climate model – implications of seasonality, climate modes and selection of proxy data
Authors: Sjolte Jesper , Adolphi Florian , M. Vinther Bo , Muscheler Raimund , Sturm Christophe , Werner Martin , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The research area of climate field reconstructions has developed strongly during the past 20 years, motivated by the need to understand the complex dynamics of the earth system in a changing climate. Climate field reconstructions aim to build a consistent gridded climate reconstruction of different variables, often from a range of climate proxies, using either statistical tools or a climate model to fill the gaps between the locations of the proxy data. In most cases large scale climate field reconstructions covering more than 500 years are of annual resolution. Here we investigate the potential of seasonally resolved climate field reconstructions based on oxygen isotope records from Greenland ice cores and an isotope enabled climate model. We test a range of climate reconstructs varying the definition of the seasons and the number of ice cores used. Our findings show that the optimal definition of the seasons depends on the variability of the target season. For winter, the vigorous variability is best captured when defining the season December–February due to the dominance of large scale patterns, while for summer the weaker, albeit more strongly auto-correlated, variability is better captured using a longer season of May–Oct. Motivated by the scarcity of seasonal data we also test the use of annual data where the year is divided during summer, that is, not following the calendar year. This means that the winter variability is not split, and that the annual data then can be used to reconstruct the winter variability. In particularly when reconstructing the sea level pressure, and the corresponding main modes of variability, it is important to take seasonality into account, because of changes in the spatial patterns of the modes throughout the year. Targeting the annual mean sea level pressure for the reconstruction lowers the skill simply due to the seasonal geographical shift of the circulation modes. Our reconstructions based on ice core data also show skill for the North Atlantic sea surface temperatures, in particularly the northern latitudes during winter. In addition, the main modes of the sea surface temperature variability are qualitatively captured by the reconstructions. When testing the skill of the reconstructions using 19 ice cores compared to the ones using 8 ice cores we do not find a clear advantage of using a larger data set. This could be due to a more even spatial distribution of the 8 ice cores. However, including European tree-ring data to further constrain the summer temperature reconstruction clearly improves the skill for this season, which otherwise is more difficult to capture than the winter season.
Hyper-resolution ensemble-based snow reanalysis in mountain regions using clustering
Authors: Fiddes Joel , Aalstad Kristoffer , Westermann Sebastian
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Spatial variability in high-relief landscapes is immense, and grid-based models cannot be run at spatial resolutions to explicitly represent important physical processes. This hampers the assessment of the current and future evolution of important issues such as water availability or mass movement hazards. Here, we present a new processing chain that couples an efficient sub-grid method with a downscaling tool and a data assimilation method with the purpose of improving numerical simulation of surface processes at multiple spatial and temporal scales in ungauged basins. The novelty of the approach is that while we add 1–2 orders of magnitude of computational cost due to ensemble simulations, we save 4–5 orders of magnitude over explicitly simulating a high-resolution grid. This approach makes data assimilation at large spatio-temporal scales feasible. In addition, this approach utilizes only freely available global datasets and is therefore able to run globally. We demonstrate marked improvements in estimating snow height and snow water equivalent at various scales using this approach that assimilates retrievals from a MODIS snow cover product. We propose that this as a suitable method for a wide variety of operational and research applications where surface models need to be run at large scales with sparse to non-existent ground observations and with the flexibility to assimilate diverse variables retrieved by Earth observation missions.
Economic assessment of precautionary measures against floods: insights from a non-contextual approach
Authors: Richert Claire , Boisgontier Hélène , Grelot Frédéric
Published: November 2019

Abstract. To limit the losses due to floods, public authorities can try to foster the adoption of private measures aimed at reducing the vulnerability of dwellings. However, the efficacy and cost-efficiency of such measures to reduce material losses are not well-known. In particular, the influence of building and flood characteristics on these variables has not been thoroughly studied. A better understanding of this topic would help identify the measures that are relevant to implement in specific contexts. To address this gap, we examined the effect of building and flood characteristics on the cost, efficacy, and cost-efficiency of three groups of measures taken for existing dwellings: one consists of elevating the dwelling, one of dry proofing it, and one of using construction materials that are resistant to water or cheap to repair or replace. We combined expert judgement and computer modelling to assess their cost, efficacy, and cost-efficiency for a wide range of flood depths and durations, building characteristics, and levels of exposure. We found that the value of the building components has a positive effect on the efficacy of dry proofing and elevating a dwelling. Both the efficacy and cost of these two groups of measures increase with the size of the dwelling. Moreover, according to our results, dry proofing and elevating a dwelling are unlikely to be cost-efficient for dwellings that are not exposed to floods with a return period lower than 100 and 30 years, respectively. Our findings also highlight that it is often less expensive to use the adapted than the original materials when rebuilding a damaged dwelling. Moreover, adapting the materials of an intact dwelling is unlikely to be cost-efficient for dwellings that are not exposed to floods with a return period lower than 20 years. Our results apply to France because the damage and the installation costs of the measures are specific to France and the geometry of the dwellings considered to perform our analyses is based on French dwellings.
Front-orography interactions during landfall of the New Year's Day Storm 1992
Authors: Spensberger Clemens , Schemm Sebastian
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Although following a common synoptic evolution for this region, the New Year's Day Storm 1992 was associated with some of the strongest winds observed along the Norwegian West Cost. The narrow wind band along its bent-back front became famous as the poisonous tail, and paved the way towards today's sting jet terminology. This article re-examines the storm's landfall with a particular focus on the interaction with the orography. Sensitivity analyses based on WRF simulations demonstrate that the formation and the evolution of the warm-air seclusion and its poisonous tail are largely independent from orography. In contrast, the warm sector of the storm is undergoing considerable orographically induced modifications. Both warm and cold fronts are eroded rapidly, and the warm sector is lifted over the orography, thereby accelerating the occlusion process. The insensitivity of the warm-air seclusion to the orographic modifications of the warm sector raises the question to which extent these entities are still interacting after the onset of the occlusion process. Further, we observe ubiquitous and large-amplitude internal gravity waves (IGWs) during the landfall of the warm and cold fronts, exceeding in amplitude the cross-frontal circulation. As the spatial scales of the IGW pattern and of the fronts are comparable, we speculate that wave-front interactions might have contributed to the rapid erosion of the cross-frontal temperature gradient over the orography. Further, IGWs might also provide a plausible cause for the observed near-instantaneous flow deflection around orography at 500 hPa, well above crest height.
Apuntes sobre la traducción al español del relato ‘San Giorgio in casa Brocchi’ de Carlo Emilio Gadda
Authors: Tutone Marta
Published: November 2019

Propongo un breve estudio de traducción de un relato de Carlo Emilio Gadda publicado en la antología Accoppiamenti giudiziosi en 1963 que fue traducida al español en 1969 por el argentino Eugenio Guasta con el título de Acoplamientos juiciosos, recientemente traducida como Emparejamientos juiciosos por Juan Carlos Gentile Vitale y publicada en España en 2017. Al análisis de algunos extractos de dichas traducciones acompaño unas argumentadas propuesta personales.
Characterization of compisote edible films from aloe vera gel, beeswax and chitosan
Authors: Amin Usman , Khan Muhammad Azam , Akram Muhammad Ehtasham , Al-Tawaha Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said , Laishevtcev Alexey , Shariati Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2019

Environmental consciousness as well as individual”™s demand for ready to eat food, recently, has changed the trends in food packaging leading to the development of biodegradable and edible packaging. Emulsified edible films have better transparency, superior mechanical properties and provide barriers to water and other atmospheric gases. Edible films if not consumed, biodegrad chemically. In present study, edible films were, initially, prepared using Chitosan and Aloe vera at different concentrations. Films were then subjected to physical and mechanical testing. Films with 20% Aloe vera had low thickness as compared to films with no Aloe vera. These films also had superior mechanical properties and lower water vapor permeability. Films with 20% Aloe vera were, then, selected and beeswax was dispersed in Chitosan-Aloe vera solution at concentration upto 2.0% followed by film preparation through casting technique. Thickness and water vapor permeability were observed to be improved with increase in concentration of beeswax. Tensile strength of edible films was also improved 1.3 times when concentration of beeswax increased from 0.5 to 2.0%. Percentage elongation decreased with increase in beeswax concentration in the emulsified films. No change in particle size was observed with change in concentration of beeswax. Emulsions were also stable at room temperatures. Decrease in transparency of emulsified edible films was observed with increase in beeswax content in the emulsified films. In addition, cost analysis of the films proved them reasonable to be used as an alternate of synthetic packaging materials.
“Have You No Shame?” An Overlooked Theological Category as Interpretive Key in Genesis 3
Authors: Cozens Simon , Ochs Christoph
Published: November 2019

Contemporary interpretations of the Genesis 3 narrative either view the passage as depicting a negative event (the classical fall understanding) or a progressive evolutionary stage in human development, the development of a moral consciousness. In both cases, interpreters have generally taken as their point of departure the forensic categories of guilt and sin. While guilt and sin concepts may be implicitly present within the passage, comparatively little discussion has centered around the ideas of shame and fear, which appear explicitly. We propose that the deliberate framing of the narrative in terms of shame and fear provides the interpretive key to this passage and thereby provides a way forward for the fall question. In particular, we will demonstrate that Gen 3 not only names shame as the primal and foundational reaction to transgression, but uses shame as a means to portray the complex effects of transgression on the human condition: a shift in identity from divinely ascribed to humanly acquired, leading to a fear of personal inadequacy in the eyes of the other, and hence an interpersonal self-consciousness and the desire to manage one’s self-disclosure. We conclude that if these are indeed aspects depicted in the fall narrative, then soteriological and anthropological investigation must engage more deeply with shame and its consequences.
Usage patterns in the development of Hebrew grammatical subjects
Authors: Dattner Elitzur , Kertes Liron , Zwilling Racehli , Ravid Dorit
Published: November 2019

The grammatical subject is a multi-faceted linguistic notion embedded in morphology, syntax and discourse-pragmatics. In Hebrew, grammatical subjects are associated with two distinct word orders, differing along grammatical, semantic, and pragmatic axes. The study examines the growth and proliferation of Hebrew grammatical subjects in the spontaneous speech of preschool children in a Usage-Based perspective, taking into account inflectional, syntactic and semantic properties of the clause side by side with discursive information. The corpus used for this study consisted of the recordings of 54 children in six age groups from two to eight years, engaged in triadic peer talk. Subject, predicate morphology and word order were coded, and utterances were coded according to their conversational roles. Using cluster analysis, each age group was found to have a characteristic usage pattern of subjects with associated syntactic, semantic and discursive properties, underscoring the acquisition and development of grammatical subjects in Hebrew. The usage patterns emerging from the current corpus are taken as a manifestation of the Discourse Profile Constructions notion: probabilistic form-function correlations consisting of multiple sources of formal and functional information, pairing a usage pattern of clauses with a unified construal and discourse function. Three Discourse Profile Constructions emerged from the data: joint action planning, conversational narrative, and conversational presentation. Each of these was associated with a different patterning of lexical or pronominal subjects coupled with predicates with specific temporal features and different word order. These findings suggest that gaining command of the subject category is linked to communicative functions in development.
Sex Preference, Religion and Ethnicity Roles in Fertility Among Women of Childbearing Age in Nigeria: Examining the Links Using Zero-Inflated Poisson Regression Model
Authors: Adebowale Ayo Stephen, , Asa Soladoye, , Abe John Olugbenga, , Oyinlola Funmilola Folasade,
Published: November 2019

The study aimed at examining the independent and joint influence of three cultural factors; religion, sex preference (SP) and ethnicity on fertility in Nigeria. Cross-sectional population-based cluster design approach was used for the study. The investigated population group was women of reproductive age (n=19,348). Probability of bearing ≥5 children, refined Total Fertility Rate and mean fertility were used to assess fertility. Data were analyzed using demographic and Zero-Inflated Poisson models. Fertility indices were higher among the Hausa/Fulani ethnic group than Igbo and Yoruba and also among Muslim women than Christians. Interaction shows that the probability of bearing at least five children was highest among women who; have no SP, belong to Islamic religious denomination, and of Hausa/Fulani ethnic group. The fertility incident rate ratio (IRR) was higher among women with no SP than women who have SP and also higher among Hausa/Fulani than Yoruba but lower among Christians than Muslims. Fertility differentials persists by ethnicity, religion and SP after controlling for other important variables. Difference exists in fertility among religious, ethnic groups and by SP in Nigeria. Fertility reduction strategies should be intensified in Nigeria, but more attention should be given to Muslims and Hausa/Fulani women.
Semi-Analytical Multidimensional Algorithm for Aircraft Design Optimisation: Student Design Build Fly (DBF) Competition
Authors: Šajn Viktor
Published: November 2019

The winner of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)/Textron Aviation/Raytheon Missile Systems Design/Build/Fly (DBF) Competition 2019 was Edvard Rusjan team from Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Edvard Rusjan team use a strict scientific approach to beat opposing teams from most prestigious US Universities. Team developed a semi-analytic multidimensional algorithm for aircraft design optimization with an aim to maximize competition score in accordance with the competition rules. Two intermediate prototype models were produced and tested for single ground and three flying missions to fine tune algorithm empirical coefficients. Aircraft model aerodynamics was predicted with RANS numerical simulations and dynamic stability with Inviscid Panel method. By measurement in Low Turbulence Wind Tunnel the low drag of selected aircraft external load configuration was verified. Wing and fuselage of competition aircraft model named by Ljubljana students "Pretty Boy" were made of carbon-glass sandwich composite and Aramide honeycomb as sandwich filler. At final fly-off at TIMPA field in Tucson, in final flight mission team pilot Timotej Hofbauer with "Pretty Boy" scored 18 laps in 10 minutes time slot which was absolute record of competition. Runner-up Georgia Institute of Technology team was 22% slower and finished with 14 scored laps.
Os Eventos nas Áreas de Gestão e Turismo: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Avelar Cátia F.P.
Published: November 2019

Objetivo do estudo: Compreender como os campos de estudo sobre gestão e turismo investigam os eventos por meio da produção intelectual indexada na base de dados Web of Science. Metodologia / abordagem: Revisão sistemática de literatura a partir das diretrizes sugeridas por vom Brocke et al. (2009). Originalidade / Relevância: Apresenta análise e informações aos interessados em estudar os eventos sob a visão da gestão e/ou do turismo, mostrando as características da publicação acadêmica, tendências e bibliografia importante. Principais resultados: Foram selecionados 585 trabalhos indexados nas categorias management; economics; hospitality, leisure sport e tourism. Percebeu-se uma ênfase em estudos acerca de megaeventos, além do interesse acadêmico em abordar os impactos ambientais dos eventos. Estados Unidos, Austrália e Canadá são os países mais importantes, apresentando o maior número de trabalhos, as instituições que mais publicam no campo, incluindo os autores que mais publicaram no período de 2008 a 2017. A China aparece como o terceiro país em número de trabalhos indexados. Destacam-se os periódicos Tourism Management e Journal of Sport Management, como os que mais publicaram artigos e que obtiveram o maior número de citações. Contribuições teóricas / metodológicas: O trabalho buscou apresentar um panorama para se compreender o estado da arte da pesquisa sobre eventos a partir das perspectivas da gestão e do turismo. Além disso, foram apresentadas diretrizes para a condução e realização de revisões sistemáticas de literatura.