bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desired characteristics of successful start-up entrepreneurs in Prachuap Kirikhan province
Authors: Anuyahong Bundit , Pengnate Wipanee , Punoiam Kanjana , Phatratkul Supaporn , Sangthongluan Chatchawal
Published: June 2021

This study aims to (i) analyze desired characteristics of successful start-up entrepreneurs in Prachuap Kirikhan province, (ii) compare desired characteristics of successful start-up entrepreneurs in Prachuap Kirikhan province according to gender, age, educational background, investment, budget capital, entrepreneur experience, and a number of staff, and (iii) study additional suggestions. The research samples were 140- start-up entrepreneurs in Prachuap Kirikhan province derived through the Simple Random Sampling technique. The instruments used for collecting the data were the rating scale and open-ended questionnaire. Frequency, mean scores, Standard Deviation, t-Test, F-test, and content analysis were used for data analysis. The findings were (i) Desired characteristics of successful start-up entrepreneurs were at a high level (ii) Success of start-up business were ranked according to gender, educational background and number of staff and (iii) the additional suggestions were remarkably emphasized on using past and present experiences to adapt with the business; using technological advancement to reach a wider target group, and using new creativity and risk-taking to make a brand uniqueness.
Gender and teacher attitude toward digital literacy programme in Kisii county primary schools
Authors: Makworo Edwin Obwoge , Nyakoe George Morara , Abuya Teresa Kwamboka
Published: June 2021

Digital technologies have been associated with improved and enriched learning experiences which include more student-centered learning. These technologies have made teaching and learning experiences more interesting. In view of the crucial role of digital technologies in enhancing learning, this study sought to assess teacher attitudes towards the Digital Literacy Programme (DLP) in Kisii County based on gender differences. Does the gender of the teachers involved in the Digital Literacy Programme in Kisii County affect their readiness to uptake and implement the program? A survey research design was applied in the study. The population of the study constituted of 1,420 standard one and two teachers selected from randomly sampled schools of the county. The sample size was determined using the Fisher formula and the sample consisted of 302 standard one and two teachers. Purposive sampling was used to select the specific teachers. Simple random sampling was used to select the specific schools to include in the study and proportionate sampling was used to determine the number of respondents from each school. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. To ascertain the reliability of the research instruments, a pilot test was carried out and a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.76 was realized. Data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics in SPSS. The study established that difference in gender has no effect on the teachers’ attitude to the Digital Literacy Programme.
Uncovering trust signals in equity crowdfunding: A systematic literature review
Authors: Son Turan Semen
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this exploratory study has been to provide insight into the success factors of ECF campaigns and, in particular, explore the role of trust. In specific, the research questions for this study are: (1) What dimensions of ECF success have been studied so far, and (2) is there any established literature on sustainability, blockchain technology and trust in the realm of ECF.  To that end, a systematic literature review is conducted by investigating ISI Web of Science and Scopus, two major academic databases, through relevant keyword combinations. The theoretical framework relies on signaling, legitimacy and stakeholder theories. Findings indicate that the role of trust is an emerging theme, and sustainability and BT in relation to trust, to the best of the author’s knowledge, is not yet focused upon in crowdfunding research. This study contributes to the literature of crowdfunding and entrepreneurship.
Determinants of sales revenue in innovation diffusion effects of Taiwan sports lottery during the FIFA World Cup 2018
Authors: Liu Day Yang , Tsai Wen Chun , Liu Pei Leen , Fang Chung Yi
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes the factors affecting the sales revenue of sports lottery from the perspective of innovative diffusion theory by system dynamics analysis. With the quantification and simulation of system dynamics, the sales revenue of sports lottery is affected is found. With the daily sales amount during the FIFA World Cup 2018 as samples, six variables (reach frequency, adoption rate, betting among per person per day, advertisement expenditure, advertisement successful rate, and potential bettor increase rate) are used to find out the key factors. According to the simulation result of this study, it indicates that all the variables exert a positive influence on the sales revenue. The magnitude of influence on sales, from large to small, they are betting among per person per day, reach frequency and adoption rate in word-to-mouth, potential bettors increase rate, advertisement expenditure and advertisement successful rate in the advertisement effects. During the FIFA World Cup 2018, advertising effects initiated the diffusion of sports lottery. Compared to the advertising effects, word-to-mouth effects were bigger. In the same situation and with the same resources, Taiwan Sports Lottery, the operator could change the betting among per person per day and change the word-to-mouth advertising with priority. When major matches take place in the future, Taiwan Sports Lottery is suggested to judge if it maintains an optimistic attitude for future growth, it shall begin to promote advertising effects. When more people learn more about the sports lottery, with the diffusion of word-to-mouth advertising, the effects will be most significant.
Sharia conformity for mudharabah financing practices in sharia banks based on the DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 07 year 2000: A case study
Authors: Lamusu Santi , Rahman Aulia Fuad , Adib Noval
Published: June 2021

This study aims to uncover and analyze the suitability of sharia mudharabah financing practices at Bank Muamalat Semarang Branch with Fatwa DSN MUI Number 07 year 2000. To achieve this goal, the research was pursued using a qualitative method with a case study approach. The primary data of this research is interviews and is supported by secondary data. The key informants are bank employees. Data analysis was performed by using qualitative data analysis namely reduction, display and conclusion. The results showed that Bank Muamalat Semarang branch in carrying out the practice of mudharabah financing was in accordance with the DSN MUI Fatwa Number 07 year 2000 and the applicable SOP. Meanwhile, the recommendations in the Fatwa which are optional are still carried out in accordance with the prevailing regulations. For example, by requiring guarantees, channeling mudharabah financing only in the form of cash assets, only financing productive businesses such as BPRS and BMT, as well as the criteria for entrepreneurs, financing procedures and profit sharing mechanisms. The decision to choose the policy is accompanied by certain considerations, especially for the sustainability and security of LKS and does not conflict with fatwa rules so that it does not go out of the corridor of sharia principles in muamalah
Diaspora remittances and development of small and medium enterprises in Benin-City, Nigeria
Authors: Idehen Amadin Victor , Akhator Karen I
Published: June 2021

The study examined diaspora remittances and the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Benin-City. The objective of the study is to establish the impacts of diaspora remittances on the development of SMEs in Benin- City. The survey approach involved an online study. The major sources of data used were primary and secondary data. The primary data were elicited through the use of an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed and presented using a statistical technique such as tables and percentages. The secondary data adopted a longitudinal research design covering the period 1991-2018, which is readily available in World Bank data. The technique adopted is multiple regressions to test the hypothesis. E-view econometric software 8.0 was used for the analysis. The result revealed that in the long run, migrant remittance (MRI) and exchange rate (EXCR) which is a supporting variable have a positive and significant impact on the development of small and medium enterprises (DSMEs) in Nigeria. The result also revealed that most diaspora remittances are on consumption. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that the government should develop a policy framework that will harness the effort of diaspora toward the development of the economy of the state, and Edo state government should collaborate with agencies in charge of remittances to remove all encumbrances to remittances to encourage the diaspora to improve on their remittances.
Financial development and foreign direct investment nexus: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Islam Mollah Aminul , Hossain Md Nahin , Khan Muhammad Asif , Hasan Mohammad Raihanul , Hassan Md Riad
Published: June 2021

In this study, we review the literature to find how the financial development of a country attracts foreign direct investments for a sustainable real sector development of the country. The area is least focused on literature. Thus we don’t limit our search and review to any time or database or journal category. We find the theoretical logic and empirical evidence so far available in the literature. Our review finds that the development of the financial sector of a country is one of the most important attractors of FDIs. Theoretically, financial sector development works as a symbol of trust and goodness to the new potential investors and a good resource allocation channel for the existing investors. However, very few researchers find that FDIs are more prone to countries with a low developed financial system which may happen due to the presence of risk-taker foreign investors and risk-averse domestic entrepreneurs.
Blockchain technology as a panacea for procurement corruption in digital era
Authors: Ogunlela Oyebanjo , Olabode Ojugbele , Robertson Tengeh
Published: June 2021

Corruption in public institutions is a significant problem that stifles economic, social and environmental development worldwide. This predominates when there is a lack of transparency, inadequate record-keeping, and low public accountability. Accordingly, the questions this paper intends to provide answers to are two-fold. Firstly, what are the recurring patterns of procurement corruption in the South Africa (SA) public sector? Secondly, how can digital technology deployment assist in checking this trend? The desktop method was adopted through literature examination of studies relating to corruption, procurement, blockchain and digitization. We conclude by proposing a model/framework for adopting and using blockchain technology in public institutions to minimise corruption and the time taken for contract document preparation and acceptance. This study contributed to knowledge by evaluating the issues associated with public procurement and how blockchain and digitization can be adopted to help stern the tide of corruption in public institutions.
Examining the link between organizational citizenship behavior and work performance of employees in the private schools, mediated by workplace environment
Authors: Abun Damianus , Basilio Gladys Jean Q , Magallanes Theogenia , Encarnacion Mary joy , Sallong Micah
Published: June 2021

The study aimed to determine the organizational citizenship behaviour, work performance and work environment; the correlation between organizational citizenship behaviour and work performance; the correlation between work environment and organizational citizenship behaviour and work performance. Theories were discussed based on the literature and a conceptual framework was established. The study used the descriptive correlational research design and questionnaires were used to gather the data. The population of the study was all employees of the Divine Word Colleges in the Ilocos region, a total of 181 employees. The study found that organizational citizenship, the work performance of employees and the work environment is high and there is a significant correlation between organizational citizenship behaviour and work performance and there is a correlation between work environment and organizational citizenship behaviour and work performance. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study is accepted.
IMPORTANCE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE IN CROATIAN TOURISM
Authors: Blažević Nevenka , Bosnar-Valković Brigita
Published: June 2021

Communication skills present one of the most important components of the quality service in the tourism industry. They are based on the knowledge of foreign languages which is the most important prerequisite for satisfying the guests’ needs. The structure of foreign guests in Croatia classified by emitting countries proves that the part o f the German speaking guests in comparison with other language communities is the most prominent one, so that we can conclude that German is the foreign language number one in Croatian tourism. Within our research the questionnaire was carried out among German guests on holiday in Opatija with the main topic: quality service referring to the communication in German with hotel staff. The results of the performed questionnaire provide very important guidelines for the special appreciation of German language and of course its further improvement which is at the same time a very important contribution to the quality of the tourist product.
ITALIAN ENOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES - ON LINE
Authors: Štefan Željka
Published: June 2021

The field of etiology abounds in technical terms. These terms are defined, explained and interpreted in terminological dictionaries of enology. The development of technology and the new media opened up the possibility for publications of dictionaries on-line. In this work we researched the dimension and the way Italian language enological dictionaries are presented on-line. We will show different approaches authors of dictionaries have when presenting enological terms. The choice of terms is approached in different ways, in its numerical proportion as in its relationship with the thematically choice and the dimension of each entry.
FRENCH OENOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES ON THE INTERNET
Authors: Škunca Jadranka
Published: June 2021

Oenological (wine) dictionaries define the terms of science or study of viniculture. Since France is considered one of the world's foremost authorities on the fine wines, quite a number of oenological dictionaries are French. Fast development of technology has developed new media, such as the Internet, through which it is possible to get quick information on oenological terms. The number of oenological dictionaries on the Internet is constantly increasing. The article gets an insight into the results of a research on present state French oenological dictionaries on the Internet, their number and the way oenological terms are defined.
APPLICATION OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY
Authors: Pilepić Ljubica
Published: June 2021

The hotel industry is a specific branch of management. In the hotel industry today, the information technology has a major value for the future development of Croatian hotel industry. The place and the function of the information technology in the business strategy of the hotel enterprise determines its accomplishment, success and competition factor in the world market. The strategy of development of new information technology in the hotel management business is the principal factor of business strategy of each hotel enterprise. The large number of data in the hotel information system must be analyzed and changed into "true knowledge" and all this is not possible without existence of professional hotel management. Hotel management utilizes the information technology in order to improve the possibilities of decision making and to increase the guest satisfaction. The hotel management is successful if a high quality hotel product and the maximum profit are realized.
Documento de consenso sobre asma y tabaquismo del Foro Autonómico de Asma de la SEPAR
Authors: Álvarez-Gutiérrez Francisco Javier , Blanco-Aparicio Marina , Signes-Costa Miñana Jaime , Pastor-Esplá Esther , García-Rivero Juan Luis , Soto-Campos José Gregorio , Callejas-González Francisco Javier , Romero-Palacios Pedró José , Riesco-Miranda Juan Antonio , Jiménez-Ruiz Carlos A.
Published: June 2021

La prevalencia de tabaquismo activo en adultos con asma es similar a la de la población general. El tabaquismo se asocia con un peor control clínico de la enfermedad, una disminución acelerada de la función pulmonar y una respuesta irregular a la terapia con glucocorticoides. El consumo de tabaco impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida de los pacientes asmáticos y provoca un incremento en el número de visitas y de hospitalizaciones por exacerbaciones. Además, el tabaquismo aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de pulmón, comorbilidades cardiovasculares y muerte en pacientes asmáticos. A pesar de todo ello, las guías actuales del manejo del asma no incluyen recomendaciones específicas para el manejo de los pacientes asmáticos fumadores. Por este motivo, se procedió a una revisión narrativa de la literatura para un consenso mediante metodología de grupo nominal desarrollada a lo largo del año 2019 para extraer recomendaciones prácticas que permitieran mejorar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del asma en fumadores, así como el tratamiento del tabaquismo en asmáticos. Las conclusiones y recomendaciones fueron validadas en el congreso nacional de la SEPAR del mismo año. Entre las más relevantes, se incidió en la necesidad de abordar el tabaquismo en las personas con asma mediante consejo sanitario, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia conductual, al ser un factor que impacta negativamente en la sintomatología, el pronóstico y la respuesta al tratamiento del asma. En el fumador con sospecha de asma, se debe evaluar la presencia de enfisema y el diagnóstico diferencial de otras enfermedades y considerar el impacto del tabaquismo en el resultado de las pruebas diagnósticas. También se concluye que el hábito tabáquico reduce la respuesta al tratamiento con corticoides inhalados, por lo que se recomienda terapia combinada con broncodilatadores.
Evolución de la mortalidad atribuible al alcohol en España según edad, sexo, causa de muerte y tipo de bebedor (2001-2017)
Authors: Donat Marta , Sordo Luis , Belza María José , Hoyos Juan , Regidor Enrique , Barrio Gregorio
Published: June 2021

En España no hay estimaciones recientes de la mortalidad atribuible a alcohol con datos de consumo de alcohol españoles. El objetivo es estimarla y conocer la evolución entre 2001 y 2017 en personas ≥15 años, según sexo, edad, periodo, causa de muerte y tipo de bebedor. Se utilizó el enfoque causa específico y la ecuación de Levin. El consumo de las encuestas se corrigió por subestimación con respecto a las estadísticas de ventas y se consideró el consumo pasado y los atracones de alcohol. El número medio anual de muertes atribuibles a alcohol en 2010-2017 fue 14.927, un 58,6% prematuras (<75 años). La tasa de mortalidad atribuible a alcohol estandarizada por edad fue 39,4/ 100.000 habitantes, representando un 3,9% de la mortalidad general. Usando porcentajes estandarizados un 68,7% correspondió a bebedores de alto riesgo. Las causas de mortalidad atribuible a alcohol más frecuentes fueron cáncer (43,8%) y enfermedades digestivas (32,9%).  La tasa de mortalidad atribuible a alcohol fue 3,5 veces mayor en hombres que en mujeres (con cocientes más elevados para jóvenes y causas externas). Entre 2001-2009 y 2010-2017 la tasa media anual disminuyó un 16,8% (60,7% en 15-34 años; 19,4% en hombres y 9,8% en mujeres). La contribución de los bebedores de alto riesgo y de las enfermedades digestivas y causas externas al riesgo de mortalidad atribuible a alcohol disminuyó ligeramente entre los dos períodos, mientras que aumentó la contribución del cáncer y enfermedades circulatorias. Estas estimaciones son conservadoras. La contribución del alcohol a la mortalidad general es importante en España, requiriendo medidas colectivas para reducirla.
Population impact of reducing alcohol positive expectations on risky consumption and heavy episodic drinking among young people
Authors: Moure-Rodríguez Lucía , Carbia Carina , Corral Varela Montserrat , Cadaveira Fernando , Caamano-Isorna Francisco
Published: June 2021

Expectations regarding alcohol consumption are the implicit or explicit beliefs that a person has on the consequences of his/her own consumption. Despite referring to the consequences of self-consumption, Miller et al. remind us that a person’s expectations regarding alcohol use are created even before the actual consumption has started (Miller, Smith & Goldman, 1990), probably generated from observation and deeply influenced by cultural norms. Having positive expectations regarding alcohol use has been related to higher levels of alcohol consumption, and the maintenance of them, while the opposite effect has been found for negative expectations (Carey, 1995; Linden, Lau-Barraco & Milletich, 2014).
Software HIDROKSI Development to Detect and Reduce Misconceptions Using Conceptual Change Text Strategy on Salt Hydrolysis
Authors: Yanti Alvira Dwi , Sukarmin Sukarmin
Published: June 2021

This research aims to determine the feasibility of software HIDROKSI to detect and reduce students' misconceptions using a conceptual change text strategy on salt hydrolysis. This research used the Research & Development (R&D) method with 3rd grade SMAN 1 Krian’s student as a subject. The instruments used are student response questionnaires and student activity observations. Software HIDROKSI was developed using the Adobe Flash CS6 Action Script 3.0. The results analyzed using the quantitative descriptive method are as follows: (1) Software HIDROKSI isvalid with an average percentage of content validation is 86.67% and construct validation is 86.22% (2) The practicability of software HIDROKSI is very practical with an average percentage of student response questionnaire results is 96.61% (3) The effectiveness of software HIDROKSI in detecting and reducing student’s misconceptions is very effective with an average percentage of students' shift in conceptions from misconceptions to knowing concepts is 86.34%.
Maternal Supply of Both Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids is Required for Optimal Neurodevelopment
Authors: Basak Sanjay , Mallick Rahul , Banerjee Antara , Pathak Surajit , Duttaroy Asim K.
Published: June 2021

During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, both docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n-3 (DHA) and arachidonic acid,20:4n-6 (ARA) are preferentially deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. Although, the structural and functional roles of DHA in brain development are well investigated, similar roles of ARA are not well documented. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural-functional roles and their levels in the gene expression and signaling pathways of the brain have been continuously emanating. In addition to DHA, importance of ARA has been much discussed in recent years for fetal and postnatal brain development and the maternal supply of ARA and DHA. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanistic cross talks are not clearly known yet. This review describes the importance of ARA, in addition to DHA to support the optimal brain development and growth and functional roles in the brain.
Non-Gaussianity of Four-Photon Superpositions of Fock States
Authors: Dodonov Viktor V. , Citeli Miguel de Freitas
Published: June 2021

We compare several different measures of non-Gaussianity for two families of four-photon superpositions of the Fock states: even vacuum squeezed states and orthogonal-even coherent states.
A Review of SARS-CoV-2, Responsible for COVID-19: History, Biology, Infection Mechanism, Antigenic Vaccines, their Risks and How an Alternate RBD Vaccine is Safer?
Authors: Jahangir Z.M.G. Sarwar , Marnik Arleta Helena
Published: June 2021

The SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV (Coronavirus)-2 S(spike)-protein mRNA/cDNA currently being used as vaccines are antigenic but not antigens against SARS-CoV-2, that causes COVID (Coronavirus Disease) -19. Furthermore, the mRNA and cDNA antigenic vaccines also have potentials for homologous as well as heterologous recombination, primarily into the somatic cell DNA of the vaccine recipients. On the contrary, a SARS-CoV-2 RBD-protein antigen, a part of the S-protein, will directly stimulate antibody production against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, a vaccine composed of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-protein as a safer, fast acting, and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and thus against COVID-19. This is also useful for some immune compromised individuals.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SELF-ASSESSMENT TO KNOW THE LEVEL OF STUDENT'S LEARNING MOTIVATION IN FOLLOWING ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Fadilah Maharani
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the level of student learning motivation by applying self-assessment in participating in online learning, and to provide an objective description of how the student's learning motivation is. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research was conducted at Bengkulu State Islamic Institute involving 40 students in the Natural Science Tadris study program. Data collection techniques in this study used survey techniques with a Likert scale. The survey is made on google form so that it is easily accessible to students. The data analysis technique used in this study is to calculate the percentage of data from each indicator, then interpret the data presentation score and analyze each indicator in depth. The results of this study indicate that the learning motivation of students of the Tadris Study Program of Natural Science of the Agam Islam Negeri Bengkuli Institute is good, it is obtained from the percentage score of the motivation which amounts to 78.83%. This research is expected to be an evaluation of various parties in organizing online learning in tertiary institutions, especially those involving motivation.

Keywords: self assessment, motivation, online learning
ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL ATTITUDES DURING ONLINE LEARNING USING WHATSSAPP
Authors: Oktavia Ristasari
Published: June 2021

Abstrack: The purpose of this research is to obtain a description of students' social attitudes in learning activities on WhatsApp media. This research is a quantitative study using a survey method. The sample that the researchers took themselves were tadris science students class 2018. The instrument provided was a questionnaire distributed in the form of google form. This is done in order to make it easier for objects to access them. The results of research that have been carried out on the social attitudes of the 2018 science tadris study program students which include honesty, discipline, caring for each other, responsibility and courtesy can be categorized as quite good.
Internal Magnetic Lengthening and Reconstruction with Free TRAM Flap After Traumatic Transfemoral Amputation
Authors: Kuruoglu Doga , Sems Stephen A. , Sampson Brandon P. , Carlsen Brian T.
Published: June 2021

Case:

This is a case of a 41-year-old man who sustained a traumatic proximal transfemoral amputation with loss of adductor function and inadequate soft tissue. Wound closure was achieved with split-thickness skin grafting. Subsequently, femoral lengthening was achieved with an internal magnetic lengthening nail. He underwent a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap to resurface the limb and provide more stable soft tissue, adductor repair, and further lengthening because of his prominent abduction contracture and inadequate soft tissue. This allowed independent ambulation with a prosthetic.

Conclusion:

Femoral lengthening with soft-tissue reconstruction improved prosthetic function and ambulation in a patient with a short transfemoral amputation.
Schedule Optimization To Accelerate Offshore Oil Projects While Maximizing Net Present Value in the Presence of Simultaneous Operations, Weather Delays, and Resource Limitations
Authors: Almedallah M. K. , Clark S. , Walsh S. D. C.
Published: June 2021

Cost and schedule overruns are endemic problems for offshore oil projects. This can be partly attributed to weather delays, resource limitations, and scheduling risks. The problem is further compounded because of the large number of interdependent activities, such as drilling and platform installation, typically involved in the buildup period of oilfield development. As a result, there is a pressing need to find robust project planning and scheduling models that consider these interacting components and associated risks in offshore oil projects.

This study considers three techniques to optimize offshore oil project schedules while accounting for the impact of numerous field activities and potential delay factors; these are mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), single-objective genetic algorithms (SOGAs), and nondominated sorting genetic algorithms (NSGA-II). The study compares the performance of each using a model that integrates field planning with scheduling while accounting for weather delays, resource limitations, and simultaneous operations (SIMOPS; i.e., the ability to conduct more than one activity at once). The first two techniques (MILP and SOGA) optimize the oilfield schedule based on a single objective, which is to maximize net present value (NPV) or minimize project time. However, the maximum NPV schedule may result in a longer project time, whereas the shortest project time may result in a lower NPV. Therefore, the third method using NSGA-II finds Pareto-optimal schedules that balance these competing objectives. Four case studies are provided to compare the MILP and SOGA approaches with the suggested multiobjective NSGA-II.
Holdup Measurements of Aqueous Foam Flows and Flow Regime Characterization through Image Processing
Authors: Carraretto I. M. , Pari D. , Fasani D. , Lucchini A. , Guilizzoni M. G. , Colombo L. P. M.
Published: June 2021

One of the most critical issues in the oil and gas industry is the dewatering of the pipelines used for natural gas transportation, and foam injection seems to be a prominent solution. This work has two goals: The main one concerns the development of an optical tool to measure the liquid holdup in foamy flows and perform the flow regime characterization, whereas the secondary goal is to quantify the effectiveness of surfactant injection in reducing the liquid loading. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental campaign aimed at the characterization of gas-liquid-foam flows in a horizontal pipe. Initially, liquid loading measurements for gas and liquid superficial velocities, ranging from 0.41 to 2.30 m/s and from 0.03 to 0.06 m/s, respectively, were performed by means of a specifically developed optical method. For each liquid superficial velocity, the minimum liquid holdup was found to lie in the proximity of the boundary between plug and stratified flow regime, with a superficial gas velocity between 0.44 and 0.90 m/s. Hence, the plug flow region corresponds to the best operating condition to perform the pipeline dewatering procedure. Moreover, the drift-flux model usually adopted for ordinary two-phase gas-liquid flows seems to fit well with the measured values of void fraction.
TB-diabetes comorbidity and associated factors in Maekel Zone, Eritrea: A cross sectional study.
Authors: Araia Zenawi Zeramariam , Mesfin Araia Berhane , Mebrahtu Amanuel Hadgu , Tewelde Adiam Ghebreyohanns , Osman Randa , Tuumzghi Hagos Andom
Published: June 2021

Background: Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Eritrea. TB-DM comorbidity is known to complicate TB care, control and prevention. However, systematically studied epidemiological data on TB-DM comorbidity and its associated risk factors is lacking in this country. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of DM and its associated factors among TB patients in Maekel region, Eritrea.Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in eleven TB diagnostic and treatment sites. Pretested data extraction tool was used to collect data from medical records. Prevalence data was analysed using frequencies, proportions and median. To determine DM risk factors, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done with 95%CI and p value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of total eligible (1,134) TB cases, DM prevalence was 9.88%. Age and BMI were identified as independent risk factors for DM among TB patients. Higher odds of DM was found among TB patients aged 45-54 (aOR: 4.85[1.39-16.94], p= 0.013) and those ≥ 55 (aOR: 6.99[2.12-23.04], p= 0.001). TB cases with normal BMI were two times more likely to have DM (aOR: 2.00[1.23-3.26], p= 0.005) compared to those underweight. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM among TB cases observed in this study is high, a clarion call to scale up current efforts to integrate TB-DM services within routine care. Furthermore, age and BMI were identified as independent risk factors for DM in TB cases, pointing to the need to pay attention to age and BMI status when managing this co-morbidityKey words: TB-DM prevalence, transient hyperglycaemia, fasting blood glucose, pre-diabetes, Eritrea.
The computer application for the mathematical modeling of optical fibers used in metrology
Authors: Torbus Sławomir , Kozakiewicz Michał
Published: June 2021

The article briefly characterizes single mode optical fibers that are not resistant to bending (ITU-T G.652 and G.653) and resistant to bending (ITU-T G.657) and multimode telecommunications optical fibers (ITU-T G.651). The basic mathematical formulas implemented in the application have also been presented, with which the parameters of the designed optical fibers are calculated. The practical part was to create and to test the application enabling the design of single mode and multimode optical fibers of selected refractive index profiles. This paper presents the results of simulations of commonly used telecommunications optical fibers (single mode and multimode). Conclusions regarding the accuracy of calculations performed by the computer application and areas of its applications were formulated.
Effects of Jianpi Lishi Jiedu Granules on Colorectal Adenoma Patients after Endoscopic Treatment: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Hao , Huang Yuzhen , Yang Lu , Su Kunhan , Tian Shuo , Chen Xin , Li Siyu , Liu Wanli
Published: June 2021

BackgroundColorectal adenomas (CRAs) are precancerous lesions of the large intestine presenting as colorectal polyps. At present, the conventional treatment methods for CRA mainly include high-frequency electrocoagulation and electroexcision, biopsy forceps polypectomy, cauterization by laser and microwave and other endoscopic interventions. The principal advantages conferred by these treatment strategies include less trauma, quick postoperative recovery, and simplicity to perform. However, the higher recurrence rates and insignificant improvement of postoperative symptoms associated with endoscopic surgery are considerable drawbacks to this approach. Besides, there is currently no effective pharmacotherapy to prevent the recurrence of CRA. Jianpi Lishi Jiedu (JLJ) Granules are a form of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to manage postoperative patients with CRA, which has shown a certain degree of efficacy in clinical practice. However, its effectiveness and safety profile have not been convincingly evaluated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety profile of JLJ Granules in the management of postoperative patients with CRA, and to observe the recurrence rate of adenoma in these patients. MethodsA randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial is performed in this study. A total of 80 postoperative patients with CRA will be randomly classified into the Jianpi Lishi Jiedu Granules group or the placebo control group. Patients in both groups shall receive 3 months of intervention, after which a safety evaluation will be performed for all of the patients. All of the patients must receive medical follow-up and evaluation of outcome indicators, including cardinal TCM symptom scores, minor TCM symptom scores, Bristol Stool Scale, efficacy of TCM symptoms, and reexamination of colonoscopy, on month 3, 6 and 12 to calculate the recurrence rate of adenomas. DiscussionIn this study, the efficacy and safety of JLJ Granules in terms of improving the clinical symptoms of postoperative patients with CRA, and its impact on the recurrence of adenomas will be evaluated. Trial registration: Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR 2100044297. Registered on March 16, 2021
The Opinions and Experiences of Nurses on Frailty Screening Among Older Hospitalized Patients. An Exploratory Study
Authors: Warnier Ron MJ , van Erik Rossum , Du Moulin Monique , van Marjolein Lottum , Schols Jos MGA , Kempen Gertrudis IJM
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRoutine screening for frailty at admission by nurses may be useful to detect geriatric risks and problems at an early stage. However, the added value of this screening is not clear yet. Information about the opinions and attitudes of nurses towards this screening is also lacking. As they have a crucial role in conducting this screening, an exploratory study was performed to examine hospital nurses’ opinions and perspectives about this screening and how it influences their daily work. MethodsA qualitative, exploratory approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with 13 nurses working on different general medical wards (surgical and internal medicine) in three Dutch hospitals. Frailty screening had been implemented for several years in these hospitals.ResultsThe participating nurses reported that frailty screening can be useful to structure their work, create more awareness of frail older patients and as starting point for pro-active nursing care. At the same time, they assess their clinical view as more important than the results of a standard screening tool. The nurses hardly used the overall screening scores, but were particularly interested in information regarding specific items, such as delirium or fall risk. Screening results are partly embedded systematically and in daily nursing care, e.g., in team briefings or during transfer of patients to other wards. The majority of the nurses had received little training about the background of frailty screening and the use of screening tools. ConclusionsMost nurses stated that frailty screening tools are helpful in daily practice. However, nurses did not use the frailty screening tools in the referred way; tools were particularly used to evaluate patients on separate items of the tool instead of the summative score of the tool. When frailty screening tools are implemented in daily practice, training needs to be focused on. Additional research in this field is necessary to gain more insight into nurses’ opinions on frailty screening.
The Mechanism of Degradation of Alizarin Red by a White-Rot Fungus (Lenzites Gibbosa)
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chi YuJie , Feng Lianrong
Published: June 2021

Background

Alizarin red (AR) is a typical anthraquinone dye, and the resulting wastewater is toxic and difficult to remove. A study showed that the white rot fungus Lenzites gibbosa (L. gibbosa) can degrade dye wastewater by decolorization and has evolved its own enzyme-producing traits.
Methods

In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed after alizarin red treatment for 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 h. The key pathways and key enzymes involved in alizarin red degradation were found to be though the analysis of KEGG, GO and COG. The GST, MnP and Laccase enzyme activities of L. gibbosa treated with alizarin red for 0–14 h were detected. LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of alizarin red decomposition products after 7 h and 14 h were performed.
Results

The glutathione metabolic pathway ko00480, and the key enzymes GST, MnP, Laccase and CYP450 were selected. Most of the genes encoding these enzymes were upregulated under alizarin red conditions. The GST activity increased 1.8 times from 117.55 U/mg prot at 0 h to 217.03 U/mg prot at 14 h. The MnP activity increased 2.9 times from 6.45 U/L to 18.55U/L. The Laccase activity increased 3.7 times from 7.22 U/L to 27.28 U/L. Analysis of the alizarin red decolourization rate showed that the decolourization rate at 14 h reached 20.21%. The main degradation intermediates were found to be 1,4-butene diacid, phthalic acid, 1,1-diphenylethylene, 9,10-dihydroanthracene, 1,2-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, bisphenol, benzophenol-5,2-butene, acrylaldehyde, and 1-butylene, and the degradation process of AR was inferred. Overall, 1,4-butene diacid is the most important intermediate product produced by AR degradation.
Conclusions

The glutathione metabolic pathway was the key pathway for AR degradation. GST, MnP, Laccase and CYP450 were the key enzymes for AR degradation. 1,4-butene diacid is the most important intermediate product. This study explored the process of AR biodegradation at the molecular and biochemical levels and provided a theoretical basis for its application in practical production.
Environmental And Economic Impact of Using A Higher Efficiency Ventilator And Vaporizer During Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Prospective Cohort
Authors: Field Ryan , Calderon Michael-David , Ronilo Steven Mason , Ma Michael , Maxwell Hailey , Mensah Paulette , Rinehart Joseph
Published: June 2021

Background: Compared to traditional breathing circuits, low-flow anesthesia machines utilize a low-volume breathing circuit system by injecting volatile agent into the circuit mainly during inspiration. We aimed to assess whether Maquet Flow-i C20 anesthesia workstation delivers volatile anesthetic more efficiently than a GE Aisys CS2 during elective general surgery. Methods: Eligible candidates enrolled in the study (2014-1248) met the following inclusion criteria: 18 – 65 years old, scheduled for surgery requiring general anesthesia at UC Irvine Health, and expected to receive sevoflurane for the duration of the procedure. Exclusion criteria: < 18 years old, history of COPD, cardiovascular disease, sevoflurane sensitivity, BMI > 30 kg/m2, ASA > 2, pregnant, or surgery scheduled < 120 minutes. We calculated the total amount of sevoflurane delivered and consumption rates during induction/maintenance periods and compared the groups using parametric testing (Student’s t-Test). Results: In total, 103 subjects (Maquet: n=52, GE: n=51) were analyzed. Overall, the Flow-i C-20 group consumed significantly less sevoflurane (95.5 ± 49.3 g) compared to the Aisys2 (118.2 ± 62.4 g) (p = 0.043 for group difference) corresponding to an approximately 20% efficiency improvement in overall agent delivery. When accounting for the fresh gas flow setting, agent concentration and length of induction, the Maquet machines delivered volatile agent at a significantly lower rate compared to the GE devices (7.4 ± 3.2 L/min vs. 9.2 ± 4.1 L/min; p = 0.017). Based on these results, we estimate that the Maquet Flow-i workstations can save an estimated average of $239,440 over the expected 10-year machine lifespan. This 20% decrease in CO2 equivalent emissions corresponds to 201 metric tons less greenhouse gas emissions over a decade compared to the GE Aisys; equivalent to 491,760 miles driven by an average passenger vehicle or 219,881 pounds of coal burned.Conclusions: Overall, our results from this pilot study suggest that the Maquet Flow-i delivers significantly less (~20%) volatile agent during routine elective surgery using a standardized anesthetic protocol compared to a traditional anesthesia system. The results demonstrate a strong opportunity for economic and environmental benefits if implemented across other medical institutions.
A Randomized Comparison of Loss of Resistance Versus Loss of Resistance Plus Electrical Stimulation: Effect On Success of Thoracic Epidural Placement
Authors: Dobson Sean Wayne , Weller Robert Stephen , Edwards Christopher , Turner James David , Jaffe Jonathan Douglas , Reynolds Jon Wellington , Henshaw Daryl
Published: June 2021

Background: Loss of resistance (LOR) for epidural catheter placement has been utilized for almost a century. LOR is a subjective endpoint associated with a high failure rate. Nerve stimulation (NS) has been described as an objective method for confirming placement of an epidural catheter. We hypothesized that the addition of NS to LOR would improve the success of epidural catheter placement.Methods: One-hundred patients were randomized to thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) utilizing LOR-alone or loss of resistance plus nerve stimulation (LOR+NS). The primary endpoint was rate of success, defined as loss of sensation following test dose. Secondary endpoints included performance time. An intention-to-treat analysis was planned, but a per-protocol analysis was performed to investigate the success rate when stimulation was achieved.Results: In the intention-to-treat analysis there was no difference in success rates (90% vs 82% [LOR+NS vs LOR-alone]; P = 0.39). The procedural time increased in the LOR+NS group (33.9 ± 12.8 vs 24.0 ± 8.0 min; P < 0.001). The per-protocol analysis found a statistically higher success rate for the LOR+NS group compared to the LOR-alone group (98% vs. 82%; P = 0.017) when only patients in whom stimulation was achieved were included.Conclusions: Addition of NS technique did not statistically improve the success rate for epidural placement when analyzed in an intention-to-treat format and was associated with a longer procedural time. In a per-protocol analysis a statistically higher success rate for patients in whom stimulation was obtained highlights the potential benefit of adding NS to LOR.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03087604 on 3/22/2017; Institutional Review Board Wake Forest School of Medicine IRB00039522, Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemption: G160273.