bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis de Convergencia para el Caso Ecuatoriano a Nivel Cantonal en el período: 2007-2017
Authors: Tinizhañay Peralta José Paúl
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la existencia de convergencia y determinar su magnitud a nivel cantonal para la economía ecuatoriana durante el período 2007 a 2017. Siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Quah, se estima la matriz de transición de la economía ecuatoriana a nivel cantonal y siguiendo los postulados de Barro y Sala-i-Martin, se identifica el proceso de convergencia sigma y se estima un modelo econométrico utilizando MCO y datos de corte transversal, para determinar la existencia y magnitud de la convergencia beta. Los principales hallazgos indican que Ecuador muestra una mejora en la situación final de movilidad. Además, la tasa de convergencia absoluta asciende al 3,62% promedio anual en el nivel cantonal, mientras que, al incluir factores de condicionamiento en relación con la infraestructura física de los hogares, el consumo de electricidad y la educación, la velocidad de convergencia asciende al 4,67% promedio anual, lo que denota áreas clave de intervención, entre otras, para acortar brechas territoriales en Ecuador.
Olhares da Psicologia acerca das Violências contra as Mulheres: incursões sob a Perspectiva de Gênero
Authors: Santos Claudiana Maria , Martins Daniela Maria Barreto
Published: March 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno social crescente no Brasil, apresentando estatísticas alarmantes. Conforme o último balanço do Atlas Brasileiro de Violência, de 2019, o número de mulheres assassinadas em 2017 é o maior em 10 anos. Este trabalho busca refletir sobre a participação da Psicologia na busca de entendimento e formas de enfrentamentos, diante da série de quadros de violências que atingem as mulheres. OBJETIVO: Analisar, criticamente, as formas como a Psicologia tem abordado as violências contra as mulheres, em particular sob a perspectiva de gênero. METODOLOGIA: Foram analisadas diversas abordagens, a partir de registros produzidos por entidades reguladoras e associativas da profissão, bem como artigos científicos em Psicologia, publicados em periódicos nacionais, entre os anos de 2013 e 2017. O referencial teórico é a Psicologia Social Crítica. A abordagem metodológica, dadas as especificidades deste estudo, é a Revisão Integrativa. RESULTADOS: Autoras que trabalham na perspectiva da Psicologia Social Crítica têm contribuído de maneira substancial para a superação de uma Psicologia pautada em naturalização de papéis sociais, que dificulta a problematização da categoria gênero como socialmente construída. Dos trinta e dois artigos científicos analisados, vinte e três apontam gênero como categoria relevante, sendo que 11 destes dão ênfase a esta categoria como construto social e histórico que está a serviço das dicotomias homem-mulher, favoráveis à perpetuação das violências. CONCLUSÃO: Embora se reconheça a necessidade de aprofundar mais estudos, é notável o esforço da área para aproximação com a temática.
Narrativas sobre a vida e o início do tratamento de uma paciente com Síndrome de Treacher Collins: um estudo de caso
Authors: Guedes Elida Garbo , Ribas Mariani da Costa , Marques Abramides Dagma Venturini
Published: March 2020

Síndrome de Treacher Collins (STC) é uma anomalia do desenvolvimento craniofacial rara de manifestação clínica variável. Este estudo teve por objetivo principal analisar a experiência de uma mulher de 26 anos com STC que iniciou a reabilitação na idade adulta, buscando aprofundar possíveis impactos para o seu desenvolvimento. Com aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CAAE 00981418.3.0000.5441), realizou-se um estudo de caso clínico por meio da análise documental do prontuário multiprofissional e uma entrevista semiestruturada gravada em áudio, transcrita integralmente e analisada qualitativamente pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Evidenciaram-se duas categorias temáticas que sinalizam a experiência de vida da participante dividida em dois momentos:  (1)“Desenvolvimento até a fase adulta” que abarcou as subcategorias: “O que eu tenho?”; “Relacionamento com a mãe”; “Eu sofri bullying: desafio da escolarização” (2) “Ser alguém com Síndrome de Treacher Collins”, e subcategorias: “Existem outros como eu: conhecendo o diagnóstico”; “Início do tratamento: desafios e expectativas”; “A psicologia e a equipe interdisciplinar”; “Mas hoje eu sou feliz: planos para o futuro”. STC, sendo uma malformação facial, pode implicar em conviver com o estigma de não apresentar o rosto dentro dos padrões sociais impostos. No caso analisado, apontou-se sofrimento emocional, sendo este intensificado pelo não pedido de ajuda. Por outro lado, o diagnóstico da síndrome possibilitou o processo de identificação com outros sujeitos acometidos, o início da reabilitação e a vivência de impactos positivos em sua qualidade de vida. A psicologia figurou como espaço de escuta e possibilidade de reflexão sobre o processo de reabilitação.
Мезопористый кремнезем МСМ-48, особенности его синтеза и перспективы применения
Authors: Нефедова Татьяна , Ресснер Франк , Селеменев Владимир Федорович
Published: March 2020

Аморфный кремнезем - синтетический материал, обладающий уникальными свойствами, незаменимый во многих направлениях современной мировой индустрии, в медицине и косметологии.Аморфный диоксид кремния представляет собой систему пор разного размера: макро- (d>50 нм), мезо- (2<d<50 нм) и микропоры (d<2 нм).Успешно синтезированная в 1992 году компанией Mobil группа мезопористых кремнеземов сузким распределением пор по размеру и развитой площадью поверхности (>1000 м2/г), имеющих об-щее название M 41S позволила решить проблему неоднородности пор аморфного диоксида кремния.Важными представителями группы являются МСМ-41 с гексагональной двуxмерной структурой пор,МСМ-48 с трехмерной кубической и МСМ-50 со слоистой. Кубическая структура MCM-48 организо-вана таким образом, что создает условия для удобного массопереноса молекул и сокращает диффузи-онные ограничения, делая этот материал устойчивым к закупорке пор.В настоящей статье рассмотрены особенности синтеза МСМ-48 и перспективы его примене-ния. Синтез мезопористого МСМ-48 зависит от многих факторов - температуры, времени реакции,скорости перемешивания, pH реакционной среды, соотношения исходных компонентов, природырастворителя, природы прекурсора Si, длины цепочки КПАВ (катионные поверхностно-активные ве-щества) – и может осуществляется двумя путями: гидротермально- или при комнатной температуре.Особенности структуры мезопористого кремнезема МСМ-48 делает этот материал привлека-тельным для применения в процессах катализа, как в качестве катализатора (Si-МСМ-48), так и осно-вы для катализатора (Al-МСМ-48, Pt/MCM-48, ZnO-CuO/MCM-48), в процессах сорбции и разделения(MCM-48 модифицированный 3-меркаптопропилтриметоксисиланом, Al-МСМ-48 с бимодальнойсистемой пор) и в микрофлюидике в роли наностуктурированной ион-секлективной мембраны (слоиМСМ-48, нанесеные на макропористые подложки из α-оксида алюминия и микросит из нитридакремния).
Научный отчет о проведении Восьмого Всероссийского Симпозиума «Кинетика и динамика обменных процессов» Фундаментальные проблемы SEPARATION SCIENCE
Authors: Боровикова С.А. , Коломиец Л.Н. , Шолохова А.Ю.
Published: March 2020

Научный отчет о проведении Восьмого Всероссийского Симпозиума «Кинетика и динамика обменных процессов» Фундаментальные проблемы SEPARATION SCIENCE
The Sociability of West African Migrants among Russians in Moscow
Authors: Они Исаак Олумайова
Published: March 2020

This paper focuses on the social relationships of West African migrants living in Moscow. It investigates the factors to which West African migrants are exposed that promote or limit their social involvement in the new environment in which they find themselves. Although the African community in Russia is rather small, it is gradually increasing. It is, therefore, the aim of this research to examine the effect of the host environment on their perception of the society and how they try to blend in, or not, with social activities there. The article is based on qualitative methods, namely eleven interviews and participant observation of West African migrants. This research revolves around themes such as their communicative language skills, formation of networks among the host community, and sociability. Findings from the research show that West African migrants in Moscow have been attached to their ethnic landscapes, which has limited their sociability in their host society. Since sociability is not mono-directional, the state needs to do more to create both public awareness of the need to recognize and accept the presence of other races and also to create regulations that will guide the smooth integration of migrants in the country.
Путь через тернии к академическим звездам
Authors: Таракановская Ксения Сергеевна
Published: March 2020

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Отношение к чаепитию как маркер профессионализации сообщества третьего сектора в Санкт-Петербурге
Authors: Холявин Артур
Published: March 2020

На основе исследования «профессионализации» НКО – процесса бюрократизации, возникновения «экспертного знания» и сообщества третьего сектора – статья рассматривает распространение культуры чаепитий в России с точки зрения ее значения для деятельности НКО. Ставится вопрос о том, как культура потребления чая рассматривается в дискуссиях об активном долголетии (active ageing) и построении идентичности сообщества третьего сектора. Данные об отношении к чаепитиям получены в результате качественного социологического исследования 16 НКО, занимающихся оказанием негосударственной заботы и социальных услуг людям старшего возраста в Санкт-Петербурге. На основе полуструктурированных интервью, включенных наблюдений и анализа документов приводятся аргументы, свидетельствующие, что профессионализированные НКО – небольшое и относительно закрытое сообщество, связанное общими проектами, идеологией («активного старения») и представлениями об организационной деятельности, рассматривают чаепития через призму «бесполезности» для развития третьего сектора и «гражданской культуры» в России. Чаепития воспринимаются своеобразной оппозицией такой культуре, выступая в роли примера крайней степени «неэффективности», «неустойчивости», т. е. всего того, против чего выступают профессионализированные НКО. Основной темой статьи является место чаепития как социальной услуги в дискурсе о «хорошей заботе» среди НКО, оказывающих социальные услуги пожилым людям (на примере Санкт-Петербурга). Чаепитие в данном случае выступает характерной и распространенной формой социальных услуг, отношение к которой существенно отличается среди представителей НКО в зависимости от степени их вовлеченности в профессиональное сообщество. Cделан вывод о том, что использование чаепитий (как социальных услуг для людей старшего возраста) в деятельности НКО является своеобразным водоразделом, по которому профессиональное сообщество третьего сектора судит о принадлежности или непринадлежности организаций третьего сектора к «профессиональному» сообществу. В заключении предлагаются несколько направлений для потенциальных исследований практик чаепития с точки зрения изучения гражданского общества и трансформации политической культуры.
High-Throughput Stool Metaproteome Extraction v1
Authors: Gonzalez Carlos , Elias Josh
Published: March 2020

The gut microbiome is strongly associated various disease related periods. In order to better understand how the host and microbiome interact during these periods, it is necessary to survey the proteomic response of both the host and microbes in a large portion of a population. However to date, techniques used to isolate stool proteins have been low-throughput and due to their lack of purity can foul columns and increase mass spectrometer downtime. To address these shortcomings, this protocol was developed. It allows for the processing of 96 samples in parallel and is compatible with common multiplexing labeling technology. It has thus far been used to process anywhere between 10 and 400 samples, with very reproducible results.
Acropra DNA extraction with Qiagen DNAease tissue kit v1
Authors: Baums Iliana
Published: March 2020

DNA extraction protocol for Acropora tissue based on Qiagen DNAeasy kit
Comparative risk of hypophosphatemia following the administration of intravenous iron preparations: a network meta-analysis v1
Authors: Bellos Ioannis
Published: March 2020

The administration of intravenous iron has been recently linked to increased risk of hypophosphatemia, as it induces the release of fibroblast growth factor-23, leading to increased urinary excretion of phosphate and reduced serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration. Severe hypophosphatemia represents a potentially serious complication since it may be associated with increased rates of heart and respiratory failure and rhabdomyolysis, as well as with chronic manifestations, especially osteomalacia. Nonetheless, it remains unclear which iron preparation is linked to higher rates of hypophosphatemia. As a result, the present network meta-analysis aims to accumulate current literature knowledge in the field in order to simultaneously compare the effects of different intravenous iron preparations (ferric carboxymaltose, ferumoxytol, iron isomaltoside, iron sucrose and iron dextran) on serum phosphate, by taking into account both direct and indiret evidence.
Analysis of workshop facility layout planning based on the timed Petri net and systematic layout planning v1
Authors: Liu Hanwen , Liu Xiaobing , Lin Lin , Xu Yuqing , Mn Islam Sardar
Published: March 2020

Analysis of workshop facility layout planning based on the timed Petri net and systematic layout planning To addressproblems in production planning for largediscrete manufacturing workshops, such as unreasonable layout of the production workshop, disorder of the logistics process, and the excessive quantitiesof products and unbalanced production line, this study analyzed the production process and characteristics.
Transformation of Diplonema papillatum by electroporation v1
Authors: Valach Matus
Published: March 2020

Variant protocol for transformation of Diplonema papillatum by electroporation using a "home-made" transformation buffer. The procedure was devised based on previously published protocols by Kaur et al. (DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14041) and Dyer et al. (DOI: 10.3791/54342).
TIME EFFECT OF PILE-SOIL INTERACTION AND ITS ELASTIC-VISCOPLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL
Authors: Li Hong-quan , Feng Sheng-yang , Wei Li-min , Chen Zhi
Published: March 2020

Pile-soil interaction is considered to be one of the most important problems in the study of the mechanical behaviour of pile foundation. In this paper, the lateral friction resistance and pile-soil relative displacement of bridge piles in deep soft soils are monitored for an extended period by using concrete strain gauges that are embedded in the test pile. Field test results show that both the pile lateral frictional resistance and pile-soil relative displacement increase along with time, while the pile-soil interaction demonstrates a time eﬀect. Therefore, an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model must be established to better simulate the time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the pile-soil contact. Based on the Goodman model, we developed an elastic-viscoplastic interface constitutive model of the pile-soil interface into the FRIC subroutine through ABAQUS software, which is one of the most commonly used ﬁnite element analysis softwares in the world, to simulate a well-recorded pile test in deep soft soils. The calculated pile lateral frictional resistance and pile-soil relative displacement are close to the measured values, and the ability of the interface model to describe the changes in the shear stress-strain of the pile-soil interface along with time is validated.
Legal Mechanisms of Ensuring Environmental Rights in the Implementation of Urban Planning: Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Romanova O. A.
Published: March 2020

Adoption of environmentally unreasonable urban planning decisions leads to significant environmental problems in certain territories causing massive violations of the right of citizens to favorable environment as a result of deterioration of environment or certain natural objects. The author has investigated the legal mechanisms of ensuring environmental rights in the implementation of urban planning activities in the context of their effectiveness. The paper has demonstrated the connection between town-planning and relations regulated under environmental law, analyzed objective and subjective environmental factors of town-planning, elucidated the necessity of taking into account ecological factors at the stage of territorial planning, determined the place and importance of urban planning activities in the mechanism of ensuring environmental rights of the man and citizen.

The author has examined constitutional foundations of ensuring environmental human rights in the implementation of urban planning activities, implementation of human rights in the principles of urban planning legislation. The author has determined an environmental component of the legal regulation of urban planning, the correlation between such basic concepts of town-planning and environmental legislation as “the right of citizens to a favorable environment,” “favorable conditions of life,” “sustainable development of territories.” The paper has also analyzed legal mechanisms enshrined in the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation for the consideration of environmental factors and requirements in the process of territorial planning as a fundamental type of urban development at the stage of substantiation and preparation of draft documents of territorial planning of public entities of the Russian Federation and at the stage of coordination of projects between bodies of public administration and local self-government. The paper reveals a declarative and formal nature of the relevant procedures, substantiates the absence of effective legal mechanisms of taking into account environmental factors and requirements in the current town-planning legislation. The author suggests ways of improving the legal regulation of enforcement of environmental rights in the implementation of urban planning.
Sources of Public Relations Legal Regulation in Cyberspace
Authors: Efimova L. G.
Published: March 2020

The paper criticizes the relatively recent view that traditional legal norms cannot be applied to public relations regulation in cyberspace. Researchers are debating whether it is permissible to regulate relationships arising from the use of computer technologies, such as cryptocurrency turnover and other relationships on the blockchain platform, by means of law. Opponents of legal regulation of cryptocurrency turnover refer to the impossibility of regulating computer technology by legal means. It is known that the lack of legal regulation of public relations is no less harmful than their overregulation. The author analyzes classical, "modernist", and eclectic approaches to the legal regulation of public relations in cyberspace. According to the author, public relations in the web space, including those that arise on the blockchain platform, can be regulated not only by national laws, but also by two special new sources of law — computer code (lex informatica) and special customs of cyberspace (lex electronica). Regulation by codes and special customs, which are concentrated on the Internet, gradually form a supranational law of cyberspace. Since the law, algorithmic code, and special customs of cyberspace are different sources of law, the point of view of those researchers who write about the decline of legal regulation and its replacement by code regulation is unfounded. It is premature to conclude that the law is dying out in the transition of contractual relations to cyberspace. Lawrence Lessig’s expression "Code is law" is correct in the sense that code is only one possible source of law.
The Process of Civil Law Codification in China
Authors: Wang Zhihua
Published: March 2020

The paper analyzes the process of modern codification of civil law in China, provides a historical overview of the codification of civil law in China, raises the problems of private law codification and analyzes the political, economic and other sources of these problems. It is noted that only criminal (public) law was present in traditional China. Legal traditions based on the rule of criminal law continued for more than 2,000 years until the early years of the twentieth century. China has not embarked on the path of modernizing the legal system and codifying civil law. In 1929-1930, the first Civil code in the history of China was adopted. It was built on the Swiss and German civil codifications model, simultaneously reflecting the experience of the Japanese, French and Soviet codifications of civil law. After the PRC was formed, the stage of extensive borrowing of Soviet socialist law, including civil law, began. However, attempts to codify the law failed, the reasons for which lie in legal nihilism and a lack of necessary attention from the authorities. The transition from an administrative planned economy to a free market one prompted the legislator to temporarily abandon the idea of codifying civil legislation. Instead of one codified law, it was decided to adopt several special ones. In the 21st century, a new stage of codification of civil law in China has begun. In 2002, the fourth draft of the civil code of the PRC was published, which for no apparent reason has sunk into oblivion. In 2014, the process of codification of civil legislation has become more active, and in 2017, part one of the future civil code of the people’s Republic of China was adopted. In accordance with the civil law codification plan in March 2020 the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China should be adopted as a whole.
Encouragement to Commit Suicide or Assisting with Suicide: Critical Analysis
Authors: Ustinova T. D.
Published: March 2020

Taking into account recent changes in criminal legislation, the paper critically analyzes the features of a newly introduced crime in the criminal code, such as encouraging to commit suicide or assisting with suicide (article 110.1). Special attention is given to the methods of encouraging and facilitating suicide in terms of their validity, accuracy, content and the need to list them in the criminal law. Examples of excessive detail in the formulation of certain criminogenic characteristics are given, which contradicts the principles of legal technique. These include features such as persuasions, suggestions, advice, instructions, information, and a promise to conceal the tools or means of committing suicide. The elements of these crimes are considered in detail from the point of view of their relevance and reflection of the degree of public danger of the committed acts. This statement refers to such characteristics of victims that aggravate criminal responsibility, such as the age of a minor, the state of pregnancy, financial or other dependence on the perpetrator. The author proposes solutions for the classification of disputable situations when the crimes in question are committed against minors, the insane, or persons suffering from mental disorders. The paper considers cases when the studied crimes may be committed by a criminal community, and lists options for the classification of what was done. Special attention is given to the classification of encouragement to commit a terrorist act by self-detonation. The issue of responsibility of a minor who encourages a minor to commit suicide or contributes to his / her suicide has been raised as a matter of discussion. Proposals are made to improve the disposition of the criminal law norm. The author expresses reproaches to the notes to article 110.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides exemption from criminal responsibility in the commission of the investigated crime, and proposes a new edition of notes, which must be placed after the text of article 110.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account characteristics of the main and aggravated offenses.
Pedestrian Flow Characteristics at Upstream and Downstream of Bottleneck for Unidirectional Flow under Normal Conditions
Authors: Gulhare Siddhartha , P M Aparna , Verma Ashish
Published: March 2020

The study of pedestrian flow characteristics at upstream and downstream of bottlenecks is important from level of service and evacuation perspective. Many controlled laboratory experiments have been conducted to study pedestrians’ behavior at bottlenecks. However, it is unclear whether experiments can reproduce real crowd flow characteristics. In this paper, real field data was collected at normal conditions for unidirectional pedestrian movement at Mahakaleshwar, a Hindu temple at Ujjain, India during Mahashivaratri, a festival day on which a large number of pilgrims visited the temple. Along the corridor there is a width reduction at a U-turn which creates a bottleneck. It is necessary to study pedestrian flow characteristics at bottlenecks to ensure desired level of service at temple premises during heavy flow. The speed-density relationships of upstream and downstream sections were compared and it was found that flow behavior at both the sections of bottleneck severely differ from each other. Pedestrians in the upstream are either at free flow speed for very low density values or moving slowly for intermediate to high range of density values. From the speed-density relationship, it can be concluded that pedestrians at upstream had visual clues of congestion ahead at bottleneck (pedestrian could also see the downstream flow through barricades). Therefore, pedestrians wait at their position, stay in their comfort zone and do not push each other. Thus, even at intermediate local density, pedestrians have such low speeds. This violates the general assumption that pedestrians change their speed only at the shockwave boundary. The movement of pedestrians at upstream is governed by local density and information of congestion status ahead, whereas pedestrian movement at downstream is governed by factors like density, side friction and pedestrians’ willingness to compensate for the delay at bottleneck. This study is expected to have application in planning and operation of pedestrian facilities.
Data archive for exploring pedestrian dynamics and its application in dimensioning of facilities for multidirectional streams
Authors: Boltes Maik , Holl Stefan , Seyfried Armin
Published: March 2020

In this paper an overview of an open data archive with data from experiments investigating pedestrian dynamics is presented. As an example of the use of this data the analysis of recently published data about the capacity of crossings is shown.
Lane Formation Beyond Intuition Towards an Automated Characterization of Lanes in Counter-flows
Authors: Crociani Luca , Vizzari Giuseppe , Gorrini Andrea , Bandini Stefania
Published: March 2020

Pedestrian behavioural dynamics have been growingly investigated by means of (semi)automated computing techniques for almost two decades, exploiting advancements on computing power, sensor accuracy and availability, computer vision algorithms. This has led to a unique consensus on the existence of significant difference between unidirectional and bidirectional flows of pedestrians, where the phenomenon of lane formation seems to play a major role. The collective behaviour of lane formation emerges in condition of variable density and due to a self-organisation dynamic, for which pedestrians are induced to walk following preceding persons to avoid and minimize conflictual situations. Although the formation of lanes is a well-known phenomenon in this field of study, there is still a lack of methods offering the possibility to provide an (even semi-) automatic identification and a quantitative characterization. In this context, the paper proposes an unsupervised learning approach for an automatic detection of lanes in multi-directional pedestrian flows, based on the DBSCAN clustering algorithm. The reliability of the approach is evaluated through an inter-rater agreement test between the results achieved by a human coder and by the algorithm.
Accurate pedestrian localization in overhead depth images via Height-Augmented HOG
Authors: Kroneman Werner , Corbetta Alessandro , Toschi Federico
Published: March 2020

We tackle the challenge of reliably and automatically localizing pedestrians in real-life conditions through overhead depth imaging at unprecedented high-density conditions. Leveraging upon a combination of Histogram of Oriented Gradients-like feature descriptors, neural networks, data augmentation and custom data annotation strategies, this work contributes a robust and scalable machine learning-based localization algorithm, which delivers near-human localization performance in real-time, even with local pedestrian density of about 3 ped/m2, a case in which most stateof- the art algorithms degrade significantly in performance.
Experimental study on the evading behaviour of single pedestrians encountering an obstacle
Authors: Jia Xiaolu , Feliciani Claudio , Yanagisawa Daichi , Nishinari Katsuhiro
Published: March 2020

Present simulation and experimental research still have deficiency in depicting the evading behaviour of single pedestrians confronting with an obstacle, which is the basis for the study of crowd dynamics affected by obstacles in real life. Therefore, this study will conduct experiments with a bar-shaped obstacle in the middle of a corridor and explore the corresponding general and particular features of single pedestrians. Particularly, the variation of pedestrian velocity and trajectory under different-sized obstacles will be illustrated. By taking the average velocity and trajectories of the 32 participants, it could be concluded that pedestrians would walk at a velocity of about 1.5 m/s without being affected by the size of obstacle. Besides, pedestrians tend to pass a location about 0.4 meters away from the obstacle edge that is perpendicular to walking direction. Furthermore, pedestrians tend to begin and finish evading the obstacle at locations respectively about 4.40 meters and 4.85 meters away from the obstacle. We also found a heterogeneity in the evading behaviour and pedestrians could be classified into four types accordingly. Results of this study are expected to provide reliable evidence for agent-based modelling in the future.
Grouping behaviour and decision making in road tunnels evacuation in smoke conditions Experimental approach
Authors: Wąs Jarosław , Porzycki Jakub , Schmidt-Polończyk Natalia
Published: March 2020

We have performed a set of evacuation experiments in a road tunnel. In each experiment pedestrians were gathered in a bus, the bus was stopped in the tunnel, next the tunnel was filled with artificial smoke and pedestrians had to evacuate. We compared evacuation times and behaviours for different levels of visibility, defined by extinction coefficient Cs range.
Single-file Movement of Ants Stressed by a High Temperature
Authors: Wang Qiao , Song Weiguo , Wang Shujie , Lo Siuming
Published: March 2020

Single-file movement is a universal pattern in both nature and human society. In this paper, we investigate single-file movement of ants (Camponotus japonicus) driven by a high temperature in a narrow channel. Here, ants were placed in a chamber. The chamber was connected to a narrow channel which was 10 cm long and 0.6 cm wide so that the ants can escape through it one by one. Both chamber and narrow channel were in high temperature environment. In the channel, the random pause was observed due to the characteristic of ants. Moreover, ants were inclined to following the preceding one and trying to overtake it, which is different from the movement in natural investigation. On the other hand, the speed increased with distance headway when the distance headway is less than 0.26 cm, that is less than the body size of an ant. Furthermore, touching phenomenon was observed. When the following ants touched the preceding one, they could reduce speed, stop or move backward. On the contrary, the preceding ants increased their speed. Thus, the touching effect in multiple ants experiment can enhance the evacuation efficiency.
A study of evacuation efficiency of a hopper-shape exit by using mice under high competition
Authors: Peng Lin , Guoyuan Wang , Fanyu Wu , Dongli Gao
Published: March 2020

Exit is the bottleneck of an evacuation from a room and the flow rate through an exit is believed to be depended on its width. A series of experiments were conducted in a bi-dimensional container where mice were driven to pass through two kinds of exit of the identical width, i.e., a conventional exit and a hopper-shape exit. The evacuation efficiency of the two exits was experimentally compared by using mice under competition. The results showed that a hopper-shape exit reduces the escape time by 25% compared with a conventional exit. Further study was conducted with the presence of a column in front of the two exits. The presence of a column in front of the conventional exit increases the escape time by 22.5%. On the contrary, the placement of column in front of the hopper-shape exit reduces the escape time by 48%. The study showed that the escape efficiency could be greatly improved by appropriately redesigning configuration of exit.
Social group behaviour of triads. Dependence on purpose and gender
Authors: Zanlungo Francesco , Yücel Zeynep , Kanda Takayuki
Published: March 2020

We analysed a set of uninstructed pedestrian trajectories automatically tracked in a public area, and we asked a human coder to assess their group relationships. For those pedestrians who belong to the groups, we asked the coder to identify their apparent purpose of visit to the tracking area and apparent gender. We studied the quantitative dependence of the group dynamics on such properties in the case of triads (three people groups) and compared them to the two pedestrian group case (dyads), studied in a previous work. We found that the group velocity strongly depends on relation and gender for both triads and dyads, while the influence of these properties on spatial structure of groups is less clear in the triadic case. We discussed the relevance of these results to the modelling of pedestrian and crowd dynamics, and examined the possibility of the future works on this subject.
Evacuation Data from a Hospital Outpatient Drill The Case Study of North Shore Hospital
Authors: Rahouti Anass , Lovreglio Ruggiero , Jackson Phil , Datoussaïd Sélim
Published: March 2020

Assessing the fire safety of buildings is fundamental to reduce the impact of this threat on their occupants. Such an assessment can be done by combining existing models and existing knowledge on how occupants behave during fires. Although many studies have been carried out for several types of built environment, only few of those investigate healthcare facilities and hospitals. In this study, we present a new behavioural data-set for hospital evacuations. The data was collected from the North Shore Hospital in Auckland (NZ) during an unannounced drill carried out in May 2017. This drill was recorded using CCTV and those videos are analysed to generate new evacuation model inputs for hospital scenarios. We collected pre-movement times, exit choices and total evacuation times for each evacuee. Moreover, we estimated pre-movement time distributions for both staff members and patients. Finally, we qualitatively investigated the evacuee actions of patients and staff members to study their interaction during the drill. The results show that participants were often independent from staff actions with a majority able to make their own decision.
Movement parameters of persons with disabilities on evacuation by lifts
Authors: Szénay Martin , Lopušniak Martin
Published: March 2020

In 2010 it was defined five challenges for the solution of evacuation of persons in buildings to 2020. One of the challenges is to implement helpfull technologies during evacuations from buildings – lifts. Needed steps for fulfilling this challenge are also quantification of missing data which are dealing with evacuation of persons with disabilities. From 2002 all public buildings in Slovak Republic have to be also accessible to persons with disabilities, but it is also a global problem. In present exists just small number of informations of movement parameters of persons with disabilities during evacuation by lift. There for, this work was focused on collecting these informations. The data collection was realized by using an in-situ experiment. The aim of the work was to quantify the phase stages of evacuation by elevators for persons with disabilities (speed, time, movement and capacity parameters). Person's movements were monitored during the measurements, arrival to lift, cabin entry and exit from the cabin, including leaving the bounded area. Arrival to lift included movement in the bounded area in front of the lift, until the moment of pushing the button was pressed to call the lift. The time of cabin entering includes the time from the beginning of opening the lift doors to the beginning of closing of the lift doors. The exit from the cabin includes the time from opening the lift doors, passing through the lift doors to leaving the bounded area. In total, ten participating persons in the experiments imitated wheelchair movement and movement with leg fracture. Measurements were made on two lifts, where person evacuating himself or with the help of another person. Everyone performed each measurement three times. A total of 720 measurements were performed in the work. According to the results of the experiment it can be stated that cabin entry is longer for a person on the wheelchair than for a person with a leg fracture, but the difference is even bigger during exit from the cabin, including leaving the bounded area. During the experiment, various movement techniques have been observed that may affect their overall the time of cabin entry and exit from the cabin. Obtained results can extend existing evacuation model to the possibility of using the lift. The obtained results quantify the individual phase stages of entering to the lift and exiting of the lift for persons with limited movement.
Crowding and Queuing in Entrance Scenarios: Influence of Corridor Width in Front of Bottlenecks
Authors: Adrian Juliane , Boltes Maik , Holl Stefan , Sieben Anna , Seyfried Armin
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we present results of an entrance experiment investigating the effect of the corridor width in front of a bottleneck on the density. The idea is based on a previous study suggesting that a guiding system in front of an entrance can reduce pushing of the waiting people and thus the density at the entrance. In our study we aim to find out to what extend the corridor width has an impact on crowding or queuing behavior and with that on the density. The results of the presented experiment suggest that the transition takes place between a corridor width of 1.2 m and 2.3 m. The total duration of each experimental run is not significantly influenced by the corridor width but by the width of the entrance itself, the number of participants and partly by the motivation. In general, the density in front of the gate as well as the area of high density is increased by widening the corridor and by intensifying the motivation of the participants. However, the results also suggest that also the number of participants significantly influences the occurrence of pushing and the level of density.
Dynamic Guidance by Colored Running Lights and Affordance: Route Choices of Adults and Older Children
Authors: Künzer Laura , Zinke Robert , Hofinger Gesine
Published: March 2020

Abstract Guidance to emergency exits play an important role for safe evacuation. Dynamic route guidance by colored flashing lights and strobe lights at emergency exits has been tested [1–3], but the effects of dynamic lights to support route choices need to be determined in more detail. Also, the guidance effects of different colors need to be examined and the reaction of various groups of evacuees. The paper analyzes the effects of red and green running lights on route choice in subway stations comparing adults and older children (10 to 12 years old). Data was gathered in a laboratory experiment, focusing on the concept of affordance [4, 5]. Participants were asked to make a decision about the safest direction between two alternative directions. Their choice was either unsupported or supported by red or green running lights. In general, an interaction between color and direction of the running light was found. Green running lights influenced route choices of both participant groups and led participants clearly into the direction indicated by the lights. Red running lights influenced route choices of both participant groups, but red lights lead to ambiguous decisions. Architectural elements such as stairs influenced route choices of both participant groups (functional affordance). But green running light offered a stronger indication to a safe route (cognitive affordance) than a visible staircase (functional affordance). Green lights even led participants to modify their route preference. In contrast, red running lights had an aversive effect: older children chose against the lights and preferred the other direction than the red lights were directing to. Implications for design of dynamic route guidance are discussed. This includes colored running lights to lead evacuees to a safe exit and to implement the influence of running lights on route choice and movement in simulations.
The influence of physical and mental constraints to a stream of people through a bottleneck
Authors: Geoerg Paul , Schumann Jette , Boltes Maik , Holl Stefan , Hofmann Anja
Published: March 2020

Understanding movement in heterogeneous groups is important for a meaningful evaluation of evacuation prediction and for a proper design of buildings. The understanding of interactions and influencing factors in heterogeneous groups on key performance figures is fundamental for a safe design. This contribution presents results of experimental studies on movement of a crowd through a bottleneck involving participants with and without disabilities. High precise trajectories of the attendees extracted from video recordings were used to calculate density and velocity of the participants. Besides the well-established fundamental diagram new insights into the individual relation between density and velocity are discussed. A complex structure and considerate behaviour in movement implicates a strong influence of the heterogeneity on key performance values of safe movement.
Understanding Crowd Dynamics in Processions during Mass Religious Gatherings A case study of Shahi Snan in Kumbh Mela
Authors: Gayathri H , Gulhare Siddhartha , Verma Ashish
Published: March 2020

Large people gatherings in public places exhibit crowd dynamics that are quite complex. Such mass events with high densities are fraught with potentially serious consequences if not understood and managed properly. In mass religious processions, the participants in the crowd are emotional and mostly impulsive and often crowd disasters occur due to the behaviour of the crowd. These events have great potential to cause safety hazards to the people. This paper attempts to narrate the typical situations of crowd dynamics observed in the Kumbh Mela procession-2016 and to describe the characteristics of the crowd that have not been reported in literature so far but have a significant impact on the crowd. Extreme crowd pressures resulting in individual loss control due to psychological and physiological factors, heterogeneity in the crowd, group behaviour and their induced competitiveness, unexpected behaviour exhibited due to the motivation behind participating in such procession makes it a typical crowd concentrated event to study the potentially critical dynamics of crowd. Physical and psychological forces acting on the people and their resulting dynamics of crowd in the Kumbh Mela procession 2016 lead to serpentine behaviour, which can possibly lead to crowd crushes, or any such crowd risk situations. Therefore, the characteristics of crowd participating in the Kumbh Mela procession have to be clearly understood so that it helps in better planning and well-organized movement patterns.
Incorporation of elevator evacuation from a specific floor – A numerical study of an office building
Authors: Hammarberg Johanna , Niva Håkan , Mossberg Axel
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates evacuation from a specific floor plan to determine if elevators can replace one of the escape routes consisting of a staircase without lengthening the evacuation times. This study specifically studies evacuation from one single office floor with 360 and 540 occupants, designed as one fire compartment with an area of 2800 m2. To specify the occupants’ willingness to use the elevator for evacuation from different floors, three different functions are used. These functions are modified to include more floors and are used to derive different distributions for the proportion using staircases and elevators, by simulations in Pathfinder. Two setups are studied. First, three staircases are used for evacuation. Secondly, one staircase is replaced with five evacuation elevators with capacity for eight occupants, and one elevator for sixteen occupants. For these setups, evacuation is studied from the 2nd, 8th, 16th, 25th and 50th floor. In addition to the studied functions, distributions that minimize the evacuation time for each floor are derived from the simulations. These distributions give the shortest possible evacuation times. The distributions are then compared to evacuation simulations from the first setup, only utilizing the three staircases. The results show that for the elevators to fully replace a staircase, between 45-60 % of the floor occupants need to use the elevators when the occupant count is 360, and 43-50 % when the number of occupants is 540. However, these values are dependent on floor number. Compared to the functions studied, the optimal percentage is significantly higher for lower floors, becoming closer to the functions as they increase with higher floor numbers. For each distribution on every floor, queuing time was also studied. Based on the results from the calculations, the study concludes that six evacuation elevators could replace one staircase on the studied office floor. However, this result relies on a certain percentage of the occupants using elevators for evacuation.
Kawasaki Hastalığında Görülen Sıra Dışı Klinik Durumlar
Authors: GÜVENÇ Osman , OFLAZ Mehmet Burhan
Published: March 2020

Kawasaki
hastalığı, gelişmiş ülkelerde edinsel kap hastalıklarının en sık sebebidir. Hastalık
birçok klinik tablo ile ortaya çıkabilmekte olup hastalığa bağlı en önemli
komplikasyon, koroner arter anevrizmasıdır. Ne kadar erken tanı konulursa ve
tedaviye başlanırsa, bu komplikasyonun riski de o kadar azalır. Atipik Kawasaki
hastalığı, klinik olarak hastalık kriterlerini karşılamayan ve normalde sık
görülmeyen veya beklenmeyen organ ve sistem tutulumu olmasıyla karakterizedir. Hastaların
yaklaşık % 7-10 kadarında atipik tutulum görülmektedir. Atipik hastalarda,
tanının geç konulmasına bağlı koroner arter tutulumu daha sık görülür. Bu
makalede, atipik Kawasaki hastalığına bağlı karşılaşılabilinen klinik durumlar,
literatür bilgileri eşliğinde incelenmiştir.
cartas do leitor crítico Dalton Trevisan
Authors: Bueno Raquel Illescas
Published: March 2020

Resumo: A partir da leitura de cartas pessoais publicadas em Desgracida (2010), propõe-se refletir sobre quem é o leitor Dalton Trevisan, revelado em suas manifestações críticas sobre obras de variados autores. Parte-se da constatação de que elementos autobiográficos são raros na obra ficcional do “vampiro de Curitiba”, tido como escritor indevassável. Procura-se mostrar que, em linguagem permeada pelo mesmo erotismo (BATAILLE, 2017) constituinte de sua obra ficcional, Trevisan aponta suas preferências literárias por autores com quem sua obra mantém profundas conexões, bem como identifica o que considera má literatura. A leitura das cartas dialoga com parte da fortuna crítica sobre a obra de Trevisan (WALDMAN, 2014; SANCHES NETO, 2012) e aproveita contribuições das teorias da leitura (JOUVE, 2002) e da autoria (LEJEUNE, 2008).
Palavras-chave: Dalton Trevisan; crítica literária; leitura.