bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Keterampilan Membentuk Relief Plastisin Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Langsung di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Harni Harni
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to improve skills in forming reliefs from plasticine material in elementary schools using the direct learning model. This research is a research conducted using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The subject of the research was the teacher and fourth grade students of elementary school in the city of Padang. The results showed that an increase in skills formed a relief in the form of: the RPP assessment had increased from 84.71% to 94.44%. From the teacher aspect there was an increase from 76.56% to 95.31%, and the student aspect had increased from 70.31% to 90.62%. In the assessment of student skills improvement occurs from an average value of 70.76, increasing to 85.98.
Lucro de ação: um exame das condições de possibilidade do magistério oficial
Authors: Pereira Gilson , Andrade Maria
Published: September 2019

Realizado a partir de questionários e entrevistas com 36 professoras de escolas públicas de uma das regiões mais pobres do País, tem por objetivo lançar luz nas condições de existência e no espaço dos possíveis do magistério oficial. Dispondo de uma missão e firmadas como agentes ativos da produção simbólica, embora ocupantes dos postos mais inferiores das escalas de prestígio intelectual, as professoras pesquisadas depositam na adesão dóxica às coisas da escola todas as razões de ser do futuro pessoal. Essa adesão manifesta-se no carisma, ou seja, na atitude antieconômica de recusa ao cálculo estritamente econômico no governo da própria vida. Desse modo, o interesse pessoal e a libido profissional convergem para lucros não necessariamente econômicos, sugerindo um caso no qual as práticas e percepções, conquanto coagidas pela lógica do mercado, são comandadas pelo "atrativo da dádiva". Além disso, a investigação tornou possível a descrição da rotina de trabalho dessas professoras. Tudo o que, pelo menos nos grandes centros, se compreende como trabalho pedagógico ou rotina da profissão docente, parece sofrer uma transmutação nessas escolas e nesses exercícios profissionais. O estudo se justifica considerando que a análise das práticas, das posições ocupadas pelos membros do magistério e das tomadas de posição correspondentes permite compreender o lucro de ação característico dessa profissão.

Palavras-chave: profissão docente; carisma; dádiva; condições de trabalho; lucro de ação.

Abstract

This study has been carried out using questionnaires and interviews with 36 teachers of public schools in one of the poorest regions of the country and its aim is to shed light both over the conditions in these public schools occupy. Having a mission statement and performing it as active agents of the symbolic production, though situated in the lowest ranks of intellectual prestige, the teachers of this research consider the school matters as the reason of their personal future. This philosophy of life is expressed in their charisma, or so to say, in their anti-economical attitude, refusing a strictly economic evaluation while running their own life. Consequently, their personal interests and professional libido are drawn to non-necessarily economic profits, suggesting a case in which practices and perceptions, while coaxed by the market logic, are commanded by the attraction of the gift. Furthermore, the research made the description of the work routine of these teachers possible. Everything, at least in major centers, understood as pedagogic work or the routine of the teaching profession, seems to undergo a complete change in said schools and professional practices. The study is justified, considering that the analysis of the practices, of the positions occupied by teachers and of the related stands assumed, enables us to understand the profit of the action characteristic of the mentioned profession.

Keywords: teaching; charisma; gift; working conditions; profit of action.
E se Narciso conhecesse Alice? Conjeturas a respeito de um tema da educação
Authors: Ribeiro Ormezinda
Published: September 2019

Tece algumas conjeturas a respeito dos rumos da educação, apontando como elas são percebidas. Emprega a figura mitológica de Narciso e a personagem Alice, do País das Maravilhas e dos Espelhos, para, numa alegoria metafórica, questionar algumas teorias que têm norteado os caminhos da educação. O propósito é evidenciar o que vários educadores já apregoam sobre esses caminhos e acentuar a premente necessidade do encontro das diversas ciências que convergem para a educação.

Palavras-chave: educação; teorias educacionais; ciências humanas.

Abstract

In this essay we have considered the aims of education, focusing on how they are perceived. We have employed the mythological image of Narcissus and the character Alice from the books "Alice in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking-glass" in order to question, in a metaphorical allegory, some theories that have guided the paths of education. Our aim is to put in evidence what several educators have already emphasized about these paths, and to point out the urgent necessity of joining the different sciences that converge towards education.

Keywords: education; educational theories; human sciences.
A formação humana no horizonte da integralidade
Authors: Mogilka Maurício
Published: September 2019

Apresenta o tema, o percurso desenvolvido e os resultados de uma pesquisa recentemente concluída. O tema da investigação foram os processos de formação integral do sujeito. Embora os vários paradigmas docentes surgidos no século 20, com orientações teóricas e ideológicas alternativas ao modelo tradicional, defendam ou ao menos sugiram uma educação integral, a estruturação metodológica desta formação tem se mostrado difícil, na teoria e na prática. Será tal dificuldade inerente à prática educativa? Será sempre necessário que uma prática privilegie uma dimensão na formação das crianças (cognitiva, afetiva ou social) em prejuízo das demais? Este é o problema central desta investigação, desenvolvida com os conceitos e reflexões da pedagogia humanista, especialmente o pensamento de Rousseau, Dewey e Rogers.

Palavras-chave: prática educativa; subjetividade; formação integral; educação democrática; pedagogia humanista.

Abstract

This article shows the subject, the methodology and the outcomes of a research recently concluded. The subject of this research was the whole process of education of the person. Although the several teaching theoretical models of the XX century support the whole education, the methodological structure of this education is hard, in the theory and in practice. Is this hardness inherent to the educational practice? Is there need that the practice emphasizes one dimension in the child's education? This is the main subject of this research that was developed with the concepts of the humanist pedagogy, specially the thought of Rousseau, Dewey and Rogers.

Keywords: educational practice; subjectivity; whole education; democratic education; humanist pedagogy.
Filosofia e Educação em Walter Benjamim
Authors: D'Angelo Martha
Published: September 2019

Breve levantamento das contribuições de Walter Benjamin para a educação. Inclui referências à universidade, à educação de jovens e crianças, a brinquedos e material pedagógico. O objetivo é relacionar questões filosóficas e políticas a temas ligados à educação.

Palavras-chave: tradição filosófica; ensino e pesquisa; formação política; cultura de massa.

Abstract

The article provides a brief survey of Walter Benjamin's contributions to education, with references to university, children and youth's education, toys and pedagogical material. The purpose is to link philosophical and political issues to themes directly related to education.
Keywords: philosophical tradition; teaching and research; political formation; mass culture.
O Thesaurus Brasileiro da Educação
Authors: Lo Monaco Gaetano
Published: September 2019

Apresenta a história da construção do Thesaurus Brasileiro da Educação e como esse instrumento de indexação e recuperação da informação pode ajudar na padronização da linguagem documentária dessa área do saber.

Palavras-chave: Thesaurus Brasileiro da Educação (Brased); linguagem documentária; terminologia.

Abstract

This paper presents the compilation of the Brazilian Thesaurus of Education and how this indexation and retrieval information instrument can help the standardization of the documentary language in this specific knowledge area.

Keywords: Brazilian Thesaurus of Education; documentary language; terminology.
Aprendizagem e normalidade: reflexões sobre o "não" aprender como parâmetro de exclusão
Authors: Bissoto Maria Luisa
Published: September 2019

Tem como objetivo discutir a (não) aprendizagem de conceitos acadêmicos e de condutas e hábitos socialmente validados como parâmetro de (a)normalidade e, assim, de exclusão social. A argumentação base é a de que as definições de (a)normalidade, principalmente as que categorizam a deficiência mental, se atêm, primeiramente, a determinadas concepções do que é a mente, do que significa aprender e de quem é o sujeito cognoscente, antes que a atributos portados pelo "anormal" em si. Metodologicamente, a questão da constituição da (a)normalidade da aprendizagem é analisada sob três modelos de cognição: o cognitivismo, o conexionismo e o dinamicismo. Pelos resultados se levanta a reflexão de que, concebendo-se a cognição por referenciais teóricos ligados ao dinamicismo, as delimitações de anormalidade mental, ora existentes, se fragilizam. Como conclusão, longe de negar a existência da deficiência, se assevera que é possível conceber o deficiente como um ser não afastado da ordem, abrindo caminhos para pensar práticas socioeducacionais que lhe permitam constituir-se, de fato, como sujeito.

Palavras-chave: aprendizagem; cognição; deficiência; sujeito cognoscente.

Abstract

The aim of this article is to debate the (non) learning of academic concepts, behaviors and habits socially validated as parameter of (ab)normality, and thus, of social exclusion. The basic claim is that the current definitions of (ab)normality, mainly the ones that categorize the mental deficiency, if abides firstly to definitive conceptions about "what is the mind", "what does it mean to learn" and "who is the cognoscenti being"; before that the attributes carried for the "abnormal person" himself. Methodologically speaking the question of the learning ab(normality) constitution is analyzed in three cognitive models: the cognitivism, the conexionism and the dynamicism. From the results, one reflects the following: when conceiving cognition on dynamicism, the existing theoretical bias of mental abnormality is powerless. Far from the denying the existence of the deficiency as conclusion, one claims that it is possible to conceive the person with special needs not as a being drawn away from the order, opening ways to think socio-educational practices that allows him to be, in fact, a being.

Keywords: learning; cognition; deficiency; cognoscente being.
Um olhar sobre as instituições escolares militares brasileiras do fim do século 19 ao início do século 20
Authors: Santos Miriam
Published: September 2019

Demonstra como as relações de poder e de saber no interior do Exército brasileiro vão se entrelaçando, partindo de uma situação, antes da Proclamação da República, em que os oficiais superiores podiam ou não ter cursado escolas para oficiais, até chegar a uma situação em que essas escolas passam a ser indispensáveis para a ascensão na carreira. A metodologia é a pesquisa bibliográfica e de fontes primárias e secundárias. Conclui que as escolas militares possuem um papel decisivo na formação da ideologia militar e que os estudos sobre o tema devem ser aprofundados.

Palavras-chave: escolas militares; ensino e instrução.

Abstract

This article intends to show how the relationship between Power and Knowledge in the Brazilian Army is entwined even before the Republic, when attending military schools was not a requirement to become a superior officer, until the current situation, when attending these schools became indispensable for the ascension in the career. The methodology chosen was the bibliographical research of primary and secondary sources. We conclude that military schools possess a decisive role in the genesis of the military ideology and that studies over this subject must be deepened.

Keywords: military schools; education and instruction.
Cooperação internacional para o planejamento da educação brasileira: aspectos teóricos e históricos
Authors: Scaff Elisângela
Published: September 2019

Trata-se de uma análise do processo de cooperação internacional implementado no Brasil com vista a orientar o planejamento da educação no País. Parte de uma análise conceitual da categoria planejamento, identificando o sentido de sua utilização na sociedade capitalista. Realiza um histórico da influência das agências internacionais na implementação da proposta de planejamento da educação brasileira, apontando resultados de pesquisa empírica e documental sobre dois programas implantados na Região Centro-Oeste do País.

Palavras-chave: planejamento da educação; cooperação internacional; gestão educacional.

Abstract

This study is an analysis of the process of International Cooperation implemented in Brazil by way of guiding educational planning in the country. It begins with a conceptual analysis of the category "planning", identifying meaning of its use in a capitalistic society. Then, it presents a history of the influence of international agencies in the implementation of planning proposals for the Brazilian education, pointing out the results of empirical and documentary research concerning two programs implemented in the westcentral region of the country.

Keywords: educational planning, international cooperation, educational administration.
Article Review on The Impact of Blended Learning on Students’ Vocabulary Enhancement.
Authors: Ayalew Sisay
Published: September 2019

This critique examines three studies about the impact of blended learning on students’ vocabulary enhancement. The name of the author of the first article is Sezen Tosun. The article is entitled as “The effects of blended learning on EFL students’ vocabulary enhancement”. It was published by Elsevier Ltd-Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 199 (2015) 641 – 647. The second article is “Enhancement of Students' Vocabulary Learning through a Blended Learning Approach”. The authors of this article are Dinara G. Vasbieva, Irina I. Klimova, Elena L. Agibalova, Natalya V. Karzhanova and Jana Bírová. The article accessed on IEJME-Mathematics Education on look academic publishers (open access), VOL. 11, NO. 5, 1195-1203 in 2016. The last article is a study about “A Blended Learning Approach to Enhance College Students’ Vocabulary Learning”. It is written by Djiwandono, and released on 2013, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 210–220 from Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching. The credentials of the authors are not specifically stated in the articles except Vasbieva et al.  The central argument of the articles was to investigate the effects of the blended learning approach to teach and learn English vocabulary. Therefore, this critique was designed to produce a systematic review of studies contrasting vocabulary learning outcomes for either blended learning conditions or with those of full face-to-face classroom instruction.
Ghending Dangdut: Artikulasi Budaya Masyarakat Madura dalam Seni Tabbhuwan
Authors: Hidayatullah Panakajaya
Published: September 2019

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil dari penelitian antropologi musik dengan metode etnografi yang menelaah tentang artikulasi budaya masyarakat Madura melalui ghendhing dangdut dalam seni tabbhuwân Madura. Sorotan dalam penelitian ini adalah perihal hubungan musik dan masyarakat: bagaimana masyarakat Madura memaknai budayanya melalui seni tabbhuwân, dan bagaimana mereka mengekspresikannya. Secara khusus akan membaca bentuk ekspresi simboliknya melalui analisis musikologis bentuk-bentuk musikal garap dangdut pada tabbhuwân Madura. Melalui analisis musikologis, akan dilihat pola-pola, kaidah dan kecenderungan musikal yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Madura dan nantinya akan dikomparasikan dengan pola-pola garap dangdut pada gamelan Jawa.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan multidisipliner yang mewacanakan teori musikologi dengan antropologi budaya. Temuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Berdasarkan analisis musikologis, dapat dikatakan bahwa ghendhing dangdut dalam budaya Madura bersifat lebih luwes, longgar dan dinamis dibanding dengan budaya Jawa. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Madura merupakan masyarakat yang dinamis, inklusif, ulet, tegas dan adaptatif. Mereka juga mampu merespon perubahan jaman, mempertanyakan kemapanan modernitas dan ke’adiluhung’-an budaya; 2) Bentuk tabbhuwân yang dinamis adalah cara masyarakat Madura memaknai budaya dan realitas hari ini (kontemporer). Tabbhuwân merupakan wujud interaksi budaya Madura dengan budaya lain, pemaknaan atas modernitas serta wujud konservasi budaya lokal.
Prevenir Complicações: Linfadenectomia Inguinal Modificada Vídeo-Assistida no Estadiamento do Tumor do Pénis
Authors: Pereira-Lourenço Mário , Vieira-Brito Duarte , Godinho Ricardo , Peralta Pedro , Conceição Paulo , Rabaça Carlos , Reis Mário , Sismeiro Amílcar
Published: September 2019

A linfadenectomia inguinal modificada permite um estadiamento correto na maioria dos casos de carcinoma do pénis sem gânglios inguinais palpáveis. Atualmente, é possível reproduzir a técnica cirúrgica clássica por via vídeo-assistida, com resultados oncológicos semelhantes e menor taxa de complicações.

O artigo reporta um caso de tumor do pénis, sujeito a penectomia total (pT3NxMx), sem gânglios inguinais palpáveis, onde se realizou uma linfadenectomia inguinal modificada vídeo-assistida (LIMVA) bilateral, sendo descrita a técnica cirúrgica da LIMVA direita.

Neste artigo são descritos todos os passos da técnica cirúrgica (posicionamento do doente, disseção romba profundamente à faixa de Scarpa, identificação dos limites anatómicos da disseção, identificação dos vasos femorais, identificação da veia safena até a fossa ovalis, excisão dos gânglios e encerramento).

A grande vantagem da LIMVA é a diminuição de complicações pós-operatórias, nomeadamente a baixa taxa de deiscência da ferida operatória e de edema dos membros inferiores.
Percutaneous or Transurethral Cystolithotomy for Bladder Lithiasis: Which is Safer?
Authors: Torres Joao Pimentel , Fernandes Vítor , Morais Nuno , Anacleto Sara , Mota Paulo , Lima Estêvão
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Although the risk of urethral trauma while treating bladder stones is worrisome, evidence about the best treatment approach is scarce. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of transurethral cystolithotomy and percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotomy in adults´ bladder lithiasis treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 120 patients (January 2012 to December 2017) who were surgically treated for bladder lithiasis with percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotomy (n= 20) and transurethral cystolithotomy (n= 100). Age, gender, calculi size, surgery duration, hospital stay, post-operative infections, haematuria, pain and urethral strictures were evaluated. Previous diagnosis of benign prostate hyperplasia and urethral strictures were also considered.

Results: Both groups were homogeneous according to the pre-operative variables evaluated, including calculi dimensions and simultaneous diagnosis. Median surgery time in percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotomy and transurethral cystolithotomy were 65 and 58 minutes, respectively (p= 0.043). Pain and haematuria were similar in both groups. Median hospital stay was 2.0 days in both groups. Median follow-up time was 13 months. In the transurethral cystolithotomy, three patients (3%) developed urethral stricture while none of the patients treated with PSC developed urethral strictures during the follow-up (p= 0.435).

Discussion: Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotomy theoretically offers an advantage over transurethral cystolithotomy in terms of urethral trauma, although we did not observe a significant difference. However, it deserves to be considered, especially in patients with known urethral strictures that may hinder transurethral access. Further prospective studies with more patients may however confirm these theoretical advantages.
O Rigor (ou a Falta Dele) das Revistas Científicas
Authors: Parada Belmiro
Published: September 2019

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Válvulas da Uretra Posterior: Experiência de um Hospital Nível III
Authors: Almeida Sónia , Cascais Mafalda , Cordinha Carolina , Do Carmo Carmen , Gomes Clara , Coutinho Sílvia , Ramos Manuel , Correia A. Jorge
Published: September 2019

Introdução: As válvulas da uretra posterior (VUP) são uma causa importante de obstrução congénita do trato urinário no sexo masculino, com repercussão na função vesical e renal. Neste estudo pretendeu-se caracterizar a clínica, tratamento, evolução e identificação de possíveis fatores de risco para doença renal crónica (DRC) de um grupo de crianças com VUP.

Métodos: Análise retrospetiva dos processos clínicos de crianças seguidas na Consulta de Nefrologia num hospital nível III entre janeiro 1999 e janeiro 2017. Variáveis analisadas: diagnóstico pré-natal, apresentação clínica, avaliação analítica e imagiológica, tratamento e evolução. Para análise estatística utilizou-se: Excel 2016® e Epi Info 7®, considerando-se significativo p < 0,05.

Resultados: Dos 23 casos de VUP incluídos no estudo, o diagnóstico foi sugerido por ecografia pré-natal em 16 e confirmado após nascimento, quatro tiveram diagnóstico no primeiro ano de vida e três depois dessa idade. As manifestações clínicas iniciais foram: lesão renal aguda (LRA) (n= 11), pielonefrite aguda (PNA) (n= 4) e alterações do jato urinário (n= 3). A mediana da creatinina (Cr) inicial foi 151 μmol/L. Todos apresentavam hidronefrose na ecografia pós-natal (bilateral em 22) 21 tinham alterações do parênquima renal e 19 espessamento parietal vesical. O diagnóstico foi realizado por cistografia radiológica, que também mostrou refluxo vesico-uretral (RVU) em 15 casos, bilateral em 10. Todas as crianças foram submetidas a fulguração, uma com vesicostomia prévia. O tempo médio de seguimento foi 7,5 anos, durante o qual 14 mantiveram PNA de repetição, sete RVU e 11 cursaram com disfunção vesical. Alguns casos necessitaram de outras intervenções cirúrgicas, que incluíram correção de RVU (n= 3) e nefrectomia unilateral (n= 2). Cinco (21,7%) evoluíram para DRC estadio ≥ 3, dos quais quatro iniciaram diálise com idade média de 9,3 anos. As PNA de repetição e o RVU bilateral associaram-se a evolução para o referido estadio (p 0,03 e p 0,049 respetivamente).

Conclusão: As VUP continuam a ser uma etiologia frequente da DRC na criança, apesar do diagnóstico e tratamento cada vez mais precoces.
Doação de Rins Após Paragem Cardiocirculatória: O Papel da Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorporal
Authors: Correia Ana Rita , Manso Margarida , Roncon-Albuquerque Jr. Roberto , Oliveira Gerardo , Silva Carlos , Cruz Francisco , Antunes-Lopes Tiago
Published: September 2019

Introdução: A doença renal crónica é uma patologia prevalente, sendo significativo o número de doentes em estádio terminal cujas alternativas se resumem à terapêutica de substituição da função renal e ao transplante, sendo o último associado a maior qualidade de vida e a menor mortalidade. A procura crescente de rins para transplante tem aumentado o desfasamento relativamente aos rins disponíveis. Esse desfasamento impulsionou a pesquisa e desenvolvimento de alternativas aos dadores cadáver em morte cerebral, sendo os dadores após paragem cardiocirculatória uma alternativa viável. Estes obrigam a técnicas de preservação de órgão distintas, de forma a poder oferecer resultados funcionais sobreponíveis. O objetivo deste artigo foi rever a evidência recente sobre o papel da utilização da oxigenação por membrana extracorporal como técnica de preservação, na colheita de rins de dadores após paragem cardiocirculatória.

Material e Métodos: Foi efectuada uma pesquisa na base PubMed/MEDLINE, utilizando as expressões: “kidney transplantation”; “non-heart-beating donor”; “donation after cardiac death”; “extracorporeal membrane oxygenation”; “abdominal normothermic perfusion”. Com os artigos selecionados, realizou- se uma revisão não sistemática, sumarizando a evidência recente sobre a utilização da oxigenação por membrana extracorporal na colheita de rins de dadores após paragem cardiocirculatória.

Resultados: Verificou-se que os estudos sugerem com unanimidade que a oxigenação por membrana extracorporal é superior às outras técnicas de preservação utilizadas em dadores após paragem cardiocirculatória, uma vez que está associada a melhores resultados a curto prazo do aloenxerto renal. Relativamente aos dadores convencionais, em morte cerebral, a técnica permite resultado semelhantes, quando comparada com os dadores de morte cerebral de critérios expandidos.

Discussão: A preservação de órgãos através da oxigenação por membrana extracorporal nos dadores após paragem cardiocirculatória permite resultados funcionais favoráveis e, por esse motivo, poderá contribuir para o aumento do pool de dadores. As dificuldades logísticas associadas à implementação da técnica restringem a sua utilização.

Conclusão: A longo prazo, deverão ser criadas condições para a implementação em mais centros da oxigenação por membrana extracorporal nos dadores após paragem cardiocirculatória, aumentando o pool de rins disponíveis para transplante.
A Gencitabina como Alternativa Terapêutica na Ausência de BCG: A Experiência do CHLC (Hospital S. José)
Authors: Andrade Vanessa , Medeiros Mariana , Guimarães Tiago , Bernardino Rui , Falcão Gil , Fernandes Francisco , Farinha Rui , Calais da Silva Fernando , Campos Pinheiro Luís
Published: September 2019

Introdução: Os tumores não músculo invasivos da bexiga devem ser estratificados em grupos de risco de forma a adequar o tratamento após cirurgia a cada doente. Nos tumores de alto risco deve ser realizada terapêutica adjuvante com bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical durante 1 a 3 anos. Têm sido reportadas roturas de stock de BCG intravesical, tendo sido o Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central (CHLC) afectado nos anos 2014 e 2015, o que obrigou a uma reformulação no tratamento dos doentes que tinham indicação para realização desta terapêutica. A gencitabina poderá ser uma alternativa válida, dado que alguns estudos mostram que poderá ter um papel nos doentes de risco intermédio, como alternativa à mitomicina C, e nos de alto risco, refractários à BCG, com um perfil de toxicidade mais favorável.

Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo descritivo que incluiu doentes com tumores da bexiga não musculo-invasivos de alto risco, com início da doença em 2013/2014, afectados pelo período de escassez de BCG no Centro Hospitalar.

Resultados: No CHLC, 11 doentes com tumores de alto risco foram submetidos a terapêutica com gencitabina, apenas dois exclusivamente, os restantes sequencialmente com BCG. Apenas dois doentes, tratados com BCG e gencitabina, apresentaram recidiva tumoral. No entanto, um número significativo (6 em 11) sofreram efeitos adversos, dois dos quais que levaram à interrupção da terapêutica.

Conclusão: Aparentemente, a gencitabina foi uma boa alternativa de terapêutica adjuvante na ausência do tratamento gold standard (BCG), dada a existência de baixo número de recidivais tumorais, apesar do elevado número de efeitos adversos reportados.
Renal Failure Due to Sulfadiazine Induced Calculi: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Monteiro Sato Alexandre Augusto , Daud Lotaif Leda A. , Elias de Mattos Mario Henrique , Lopes Neto Antonio Corrêa
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Renal calculi is a prevalent disease and has some causes described. The drug calculi origin are rare, accounting for around 1% to 2% of cases. The crystals of sulfadiazine are formed in 20% to 45% of cases, but between 0.4% and 4.5% are associated with renal failure. We present a case report and a review of the literature on diagnosis and treatment of this entity, given its rarity and specificity.

Case Report: A 48-year-old male, diabetic, during treatment for acute toxoplasmosis with sulfadiazine initiated renal colic associated with renal failure. The hypothesis of drug calculation was considered, because during the diagnostic investigation of toxoplasmosis, imaging studies were performed and presented without renal calculi. Initially he was treated conservatively with hyperhydration and alpha-blocker, but since he did not present improvement in the exams, he underwent ureterolithotripsy and double j stent.

Conclusion: We present a report of urinary lithiasis of pharmacological origin associated with renal insufficiency and a review of the literature.
Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability Using Lulc Map and DRASTIC Technique in Bahr AL-Najaf Area, Middle of Iraq
Authors: Al-Aboodi Ali H. , Hashim Zaid N.
Published: September 2019

Groundwater is the greatest significant source of water in the Bahr Al-Najaf area. In this research the DRASTIC technique has been utilized, to produce a map of ground water vulnerability for the area. Because of the relation between LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) and groundwater pollution, the LULC map was applied with the standard DRASTIC technique to confirm accuracy of vulnerability for pollution. A LULC map is extracted from Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery utilizing several methods in GIS. The LULC map shows that three portions of LULC can be recognized (Agricultural land, Wet land and Barren land). The LULC map was weighted and rated then changed to LULC index map. That index map is a supplementary factor that was combined to the standard DRASTIC technique to modify DRASTIC vulnerability in study area. The final vulnerability was obtained by the DRASTIC technique that varies from (70 to 140). The LULC index map as a modified DRASTIC with ranging of (95-175). The modified LULC of DRASTIC technique has a higher correlation (Pearson’s factor) 0.87 per concentration of nitrate values and is suggested as the best suitable technique to be utilized for the area of study.
Coxiella burnetii infection of the spine requiring neurosurgical intervention
Authors: Lundy Paige , Arnold Paul , Hance Kirk
Published: September 2019

Background:

Infections from Coxiella burnetii, resulting in what is known as Q fever, are relatively rare and difficult to diagnose. Very few reports of spinal infection from C. burnetii have been reported rarely have these cases required surgical intervention.

Case Description:

We report a patient with the previous vascular surgery and Q fever spinal osteomyelitis. Previously reported cases with spinal involvement have described initial infection of vascular grafts in proximity to the spine. Literature on spinal infection from C. burnetii reports only one case that required surgical intervention of the spine. We report a patient with L5-S1 diskitis who required surgical intervention and subsequent percutaneous drainage.

Conclusion:

Spinal infections from C. burnetii are rare; however, in the setting of a patient with osteodiscitis with negative cultures as well as a history of significant vascular disease with stents, the diagnosis of Q fever should be entertained. Operative and interventional procedures should also be considered in these patients to help alleviate pain and maintain neurologic function.
Virtual reality simulation of neuroendovascular intervention improves procedure speed in a cohort of trainees
Authors: Dardick Joseph , Allen Stephanie , Scoco Aleka , Zampolin Richard L. , Altschul David J.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Realistic virtual reality (VR) simulators have greatly expanded the tools available for training surgeons and interventionalists. While this technology is effective in improving performance in many fields, it has never been evaluated for neuroendovascular procedures. This study aims to determine whether VR is an effective tool for improving neuroendovascular skill among trainees.

Methods:

Trainees performed two VR revascularizations of a right-sided middle cerebral artery (MCA) thrombosis and their times to procedural benchmarks (time to enter internal carotid artery [ICA], traverse clot, and complete procedure) were compared. To determine whether the improvement was case specific, trainees with less procedural exposure were timed during VR left-sided ICA (LICA) aneurysm coiling before or after performing MCA thrombectomy simulations. To determine the value of observing simulations, medical students were timed during the right MCA revascularization simulations after watching other VR procedures.

Results:

Trainees significantly improved their time to every procedural benchmark during their second MCA revascularization (mean decrease = 1.08, 1.57, and 2.24 min; P = 0.0072, 0.0466, and 0.0230). In addition, time required to access the LICA during aneurysm coiling was shortened by 0.77 min for each previous VR right MCA revascularization performed (P = 0.0176; r2 = 0.71). Finally, medical students’ MCA revascularization simulation times improved by 0.87 min for each prior simulation viewed (P < 0.0221; r2 = 0.96).

Conclusion:

Both performance and viewing of simulated procedures produced significant decreases in time to reach neuroendovascular procedural benchmarks. These data show that VR simulation is a valuable tool for improving trainee skill in neuroendovascular procedures.
Cervical instability following artificial disc replacement
Authors: Kim Ki Joon , Gang Mun Soo , Bae Jung-Sik , Jang Jee Soo , Jang Il-Tae
Published: September 2019

Background:

Although there has been increased interest in utilizing artificial disc replacement (ADR) techniques to treat cervical degenerative disease, few reports have focused on their postoperative complication and reoperation rates.

Case Description:

A 52-year-old male underwent the uneventful placement of a C5-C6 cervical ADR for disc disease and foraminal stenosis. One year later, he experienced the onset of severe neck pain attributed to instability of the ADR construct. This required removal of the C5-6 ADR and subsequent fusion.

Conclusion:

Strict adherence to appropriate criteria is critical for choosing when to place a cervical ADR. This requires documenting; adequate surgical indications, careful selection of the appropriate ADR device, meticulous surgical technique, proper preservation of the supporting structures, and sufficient neural decompression.
Effect of muscle energy technique on pain pressure threshold in sacroiliac joint dysfunction
Authors: Saumya Srivastava  , Dhanesh Kumar K U  , Harramb Mittal
Published: September 2019

Patients with conjectured sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) commonly complaints of tenderness and pain around the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). The tenderness can be objectively recorded using pain pressure threshold (PPT) as an outcome measure. However, to date, no studies have been conducted to ascertain the effect of muscle energy technique (MET) on PPT. Consequently, the study aims to determine the effect of MET on PPT in SIJD. Twenty-five SIJD patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria participated in the study. Outcome measures like PPT, Visual analogue scale (VAS), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) was taken prior to the intervention and also after 4-day treatment sessions. There was a significant improvement (p<0.05) seen in all the outcome measures. The study concluded that MET could be beneficial in reducing tenderness around PSIS and also helps in reducing pain and disability in patients with SIJD.
Phytochemical screening and Anti-oxidant activity of Ammannia octandra L.f
Authors: Kavitha G  , Sivakkumar T  , Elessy Abraham
Published: September 2019

The investigation includes phytochemical screening of different extracts of Ammannia octandra L.f. Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol as well as the aqueous extracts of Ammannia octandra L.f showed many phytoconstituents.  The phytoconstituents of Ammannia octandra L.f were found to be glycosides, alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity was determined for three extracts (Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanolic). DPPH assay, Superoxide free radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity as well as Total antioxidant activity methods were followed for antioxidant assays. The ethanolic extract showed better antioxidant activity. Pharmacological screening of different therapeutic activities of Ammannia octandra L.f has to be carried out so that it may be used in future as a good natural antioxidant source.
Effect of ritonavir on pharmacokinetics of antimalarial drug combinations in rats
Authors: Sunitha G N  , Satyavati Dulipala D  , Girish Gudi
Published: September 2019

The current treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients coinfected with malaria involves the coadministration of antimalarial and antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends artemisinin-based therapy for malaria that usually consists of artemether, artesunate or dihydroartemisinin with non-artemisinin derivatives such as amodiaquine, lumefantrine and mefloquine.  Protease inhibitors (PI) such as ritonavir contribute to the improved health of HIV-positive individuals, and the inclusion of ritonavir in antiretroviral regimens is common in clinical practice. Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of human CYP3A4, which is the primary enzyme involved in the metabolism of many of artemisinin-based drugs, as well as amodiaquine and proguanil.  Upon co-administration, ritonavir can potentially influence the metabolism and thus increase the systemic exposure of these drugs. In order to understand this pharmacokinetic (PK) drug interaction, the current work evaluated the effect of ritonavir (50 mg/kg orally) on the PK of antimalarial drug combinations in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. When co-administered with ritonavir, the exposure (AUC) of the antimalarial drugs artemether, artesunate and proguanil was increased by approximately 3.5-fold. Correspondingly, peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of these drugs increased as well. There was no apparent influence of ritonavir on the PK of lumefantrine, amodiaquine and atovaquone. This study demonstrates the potential influence of ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of at least some anti-malarial drugs, likely a result of inhibition of CYP3A. Further evaluation of clinically relevant drug interaction in humans may be warranted to ensure safe and effective use of anti-malarial and anti-HIV drugs concomitantly.
Comparison of Malondialdehyde Level in the Cord Blood of Newborn Infants of vaginal and cesarean deliveries
Authors: Eman Khammas ALSaadi  , Batol Faisal Taher  , Mohammed Abid Darweesh  , Mohammed Abul Al-Monther
Published: September 2019

The oxidative stress injury that has been linked to poor perinatal outcome and birth asphyxia may be found even with normal pregnancy, and it is severity in a newborn may be related to modes of delivery for which our study aimed to identify. Furthermore, this study was aimed to study the effect of both related- maternal, and related neonatal characteristics on baby’s oxidative stress marker level (Malondialdehyde). Fifty newborn children were selected in both labor ward and operating theatre of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital, Misan, Iraq. They were divided into two groups. The first group comprised 28 newborns, who were born by a vaginal delivery; the second group consisted of 22 newborns who delivered by elective cesarean section. The laboratory measurement of levels of an important antioxidant factor [malondialdehyde (MDA)] in baby’s cord blood has been extracted and used as an indicator of stress. We compared the two samples of different malondialdehyde levels in relation to variables as the delivery type, some maternal, fetal and neonatal characteristics. The results of this study revealed that MDA level was higher among neonates delivered through Elective Cesareans Section than those delivered through Vaginal Delivery with significant statistical value (p>0.0001). The previous delivery mood has a statistically significant value of (p>0.02) among mothers who had no previous deliveries.  While there were no significant statistical values regarding maternal characteristics as (ages, parity, residency, antenatal care, history of previous abortion, and body mass index) as well as fetal and neonatal characteristics as (sex, birth weight, fetal presentation, and Apgar score) and high MDA level. The current study was concluded that babies delivered by Elective Cesarean Section had been exposed to more oxidative stress compared to the normal Vaginal Deliveries especially for the Primigravidas.
Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery among women who attended Al Sadder teaching hospital, Misan, Iraq, 2016
Authors: Aqeela Haidar Majeed
Published: September 2019

A trial of labor has become the advisable choice for delivery in women with one previous low transverse segment and no recurring indication for elective repeated CS. However, a controversy exists regarding the safety and efficacy. This study was aimed to assessed Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery among Women. A prospective study was conducted in Missan province at Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital during the period of January 2016 to January 2017. One hundred women with a single previous lower segment, incision attended the maternity unit with labor pain were selected. All data were collected through direct interview. Main characteristics of the study group were described using figures and tables comparing VBAC and CS groups. The data entered and analyzed using by SPSS software version 20. Statistically significant differences were defined as p < 0.05. The results of this study revealed that the mean age was 28 years (± 2.2 SD); 89% were housewives, 73% have had 2-5 previous conceptions, and 80% reported less than two years between the previous CS and the current delivery. This study showed that 55% of the total study group delivered vaginally. The higher incidence of VBAC was among women aged 15-24 and 25-34 year. Significantly the majority of housewives were more likely to deliver vaginally compared with. The highest incidence of successful VBAC was among women when the interval between the previous CS and the current delivery is <2 years. We concluded the study revealed that VBAC is an acceptable choice for delivery, especially if women have been selected with proper criteria with appropriate timing and close supervision.
Preliminary phytochemical screening and anticancer potential of Kohautia aspera (Heyne Ex Roth) Bremek
Authors: Kavitha G  , Sivakkumar T  , Elessy Abraham
Published: September 2019

Phytochemical screening followed by anticancer potential evaluation of Kohautia aspera (Heyne ex Roth) Bremek was the purpose of the study. Successive extraction was performed with four solvents of different polarity as well as hot percolation method for the aqueous extract. The anticancer potential of the plant was investigated by standard MTT assay against (MCF-7) human breast adenocarcinoma cells. The extracts showed many phytoconstituents. In vitro cytotoxic activity of plant increased with increasing concentration of extracts. The presence of important phytoconstituents in plants may provide protection against a number of diseases. The investigation concludes that Kohautia aspera (Heyne ex Roth) Bremek possesses significant anticancer potential.
Konik ve silindirik pedikül vidalarının sıyırma dirençleri ve direngenliklerinin karşılaştırmalı biyomekanik analizi
Authors: POLAT Ömer , GEZİCİ Ali Rıza , UÇKUN Özhan Merzuk , NACAR Osman Arıkan
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Transpediküler enstrümantasyonda konik
ve silindirik pedikül vidaları sık kullanılmaktadır. Vidaların mekanik
performansı kemik-vida yüzeyinin biyomekanik özellikleri ve vidanın fiziksel
yapısı ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada, konik ve silindirik pedikül vidalarının
biyomekanik açıdan farklarının olup olmadığının araştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: İskelet maturasyonunu
tamamlamış, 400-600 kg ağırlığında 24–32 haftalık danalardan elde edilmiş taze lomber
vertebralar kullanıldı. Toplam 24
vertebranın her iki pedikülüne (48 pedikül) vida yerleştirilerek biyomekanik
testler uygulandı. Vidaların maksimum giriş tork değerleri analog tork metre kullanılarak
kaydedildi. Rijid
tespitin sağlanması için polimetilmetakrilat içeren metal kutuların içerisine
gömülü vertebradaki pedikül vidaları mekanik test makinasına bağlanarak sıyırma
direnci ölçüldü. Bulgular: Konik
vidaların sıyırma dirençlerinin ve direngenliklerinin ilk atım ve tekrarlayan
atımlarda silindirik vidalara göre yüksek olduğu, ancak aradaki farkın
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı tespit edildi (p>0.05). Maksimum giriş
tork değeri ise konik vidalarda silindirik vidalara göre istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı düzeyde yüksek idi (p=0.04). Vidaların 180º ve 360°geri çekimli sıyırma
direnci ve direngenlik verileri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark
olmadığı tespit edildi (p>0.05). Sonuç:
Konik vidaların silindirik vidalara göre daha dirençli tutunma verilerine
sahip olmalarının yanı sıra, aynı delikten yapılan çoklu vida atımlarında ya da
geri çekilme işlemi sonucunda vidalar arasında sıyrılma verileri açısından
belirgin bir fark izlenmemiş olması, konik vidaların gelecekte daha sık
kullanılacaklarını düşündürmektedir.
KEWENANGAN MENGADILI SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARIAH OLEH PERADILAN AGAMA PASCA REFORMASI
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad
Published: September 2019

Tulisan ini mengangkat wacana tentang ekonomi syariah di Indonesia dengan tiga pokok pembahasan yaitu: Pertama: Undang-undang perbankan syariah, Kedua: kewenangan peradilan mengadili sengketa ekonomi syariah, Ketiga: status non muslim berinvestasi atau nasabah di perbanakan syariah.Salah satu pioner dari berjalannya system ekonomi Islam dinegara ini dapat dilihat dari perkembangan perbankan syariah sebagai bagian dari sistem ekonomi Islam sejak tahun 1998 sampai dengan sekarang. Walaupun dibandingkan dengan negara lainnya kemunculan perbankan syariah di Indonesia agak teriambat namun perkernbangan yang didapat oleh perbankan syariah begitu signifikan.Terhadap fenomena tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa minat konsumen pada perbankan syariah belum tersosialisasi secara efektjf, termasuk produk-produk. Perbankan Syariah lahir Undang-Undang Nomor 21 tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah yang dalam salah satu bab dan pasalnya yaitu Bab IX Pasal 55 memunculkan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa apabila terjadi sengketa (dispute) antara pihak bank syariah dengan nasabah.Maka Pengadilan Agama berwenang mengadili,bahkan termasuk jka terjadi opsional (choiceof forum) pada peradilan mana akan menyelesaikan sengketa itu. Maka diberikan kedua belah pihak dalam menyelesaikan sengketa, sampai mahkamah konstitusi memutuskan kepada peradilan mana yang berwenang mengadili sengketa ekoruri syariah.Kebijakan perbankan syariah membuka ruang kepada nasabah nonmusüm diduga akan rtenimbulkan masalah baru dalam perbankan syariah. Perrnasalahan tersebut dapat rænjadi pintu persengketaan dalam ekonomi syariah.Hal tersebut diduga awal bahwa bagaimana mungkin seorang non muslim bertransaksi syariah sementara ræreka tidak merniliki keyakinan yang sarna kepada siapa dan dengan apa yang rnereka bertransaksi. Maka pada posisi tersebut mereka berada pada posisi kegelapan atau has being closed realitas itu tidak transparan dengan demikian satu syarat syariah tjdak terpenuhi.Kata kunci: Syariah, Peradilan Agama, Kewenangan dan Sengketa
SISTEM MUZZARA'AH DAN MUKHABARAH
Authors: Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Published: September 2019

Praktik muamalah pada pengelolaan lahan pertanian secara umum merupakan bentuk tolong menolong yang dianjurkan dalam agama selama kerja sama itu tidak dalam bentuk dosa maupun permusuhan dengan didasari rasa persaudaraan antara kedua belah pinak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui praktik kerja sama pengelolaan lahan pertanian di Desa Tellulimpoe sesuai dengan akad Muzara'ah dan Mukhabarah. Hasil penelitian Menurut kebiasaan warga setempat bahwa selama ini tidak ada perjanjian tertulis dalam melaksanakan praktik Massanrrai Galung yang ada hanya kesepakatan kedua belah pihak yang dilakukan secara kekeluargaanKata Kunci: Sistem Pengolahan Pertanian, Praktik Muzara'ah Dan Mukhabarah, Dan Pendapatan Masyarakat