bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Characters of Albert Camus
Authors: John
Published: March 2013

Physical excitation, a wealth of tactile impressions, an atmosphere saturated with light-these constitute the world of Albert Camus' early essays. Everything there is palpable. Yet, curiously, in the very detail with which Camus records the reactions of the physical senses lies a clue to the abstraction of his later work. Intensity of sensation takes the place of the rhythm and warmth of life; feeling is submerged in the flux of the senses. Once Camus enters the imaginative world of his own creation, his characters fall victim to that passion for the abstract which, in the aggregate, lends his novels and plays a sort of intense monotony.
Tennyson's “Ulysses”—A Re-interpretation
Authors: Chiasson
Published: March 2013

It has long been recognized that Tennyson's Idylls are, among other things, the allegorical presentation of ideas which had found their place in a large number of poems, from “The Palace of Art” to “Lucretius” and “The Ancient Sage.” Such fidelity to a set of ideas need not surprise us in a poet who had always felt that “only under the inspiration of ideals, and with his ‘sword bathed in heaven’ can a man combat the cynical indifference, the intellectual selfishness, the sloth of will, the utilitarian materialism of a transition age.” Yet despite this willingness on the part of critics to arrange much of the Tennyson canon in this perfectly convincing pattern, little attention has been paid to the intractability of “Ulysses,” that is to say, to its virtual refusal to submit to such an arrangement. As a result “Ulysses” continues to be what it has always been, something of a “sport” in Tennyson criticism. Although I do not intend to fit “Ulysses” into such a pattern by detailed references to the Idylls, I shall try to show that critical attention to the poem has stopped short of placing it precisely where it belongs, namely among the many expressions of Tennyson's conviction that religious faith is mandatory for the multitudinous needs of life.
Reviews
Authors: Henderson Thomas , Meyer Heinrich , Stacey  , Blissett William , Lynch  , Winnett  , Sibley  , Woodbury Leonard , Owen  , Roper Gordon
Published: March 2013

Reid MacCallum, Imitation and Design and Other Essays, reviewed by Thomas G. Henderson

Barker Fairley, Goethe's Faust: Six Essays., reviewed by Heinrich Meyer

B. H. Liddell Hart, ed., The Rommel Papers, reviewed by C. P. Stacey

D. E. S. Maxwell, The Poetry of T. S. Eliot, reviewed by William Blissett

D. J. Allan, The Philosophy of Aristotle, reviewed by L. E. M. Lynch

William A. Irwin, The Old Testament: Keystone of Human Culture, reviewed by F. V. Winnett

Nicolai Hartmann, New Ways of Ontology, reviewed by W. M. Sibley

William Bentinck-Smith, ed., The Harvard Book: Selections from Three Centuries, reviewed by Leonard Woodbury

F. H. Heinemann, Existentialism and the Modern Predicament, reviewed by D. R. G. Owen

Leon Edel, Henry James: The Untried Years, 1843–1870, reviewed by Gordon Roper
The Most Audacious Novel
Authors: Carter
Published: March 2013

For the last few years, the bookshops of the Boulevard Saint-Germain have had a volume in their windows with an alluring label: "le plus audacieux roman de notre littérature." If you pick it up, you discover that it is a new edition of Choderlos de Laclos' novel, Les Liaisons dangereuses, first published in 1782. The most audacious novel! At first glance, the phrase looks like a shameless attempt to sell a book on the strength of a pornographic cover. For at least a century and a half, French literature has been periodically jolted by “audacious” novels, some of which have even got their authors into the police courts. Yet a romance contemporary with Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, composed seven years before the Revolution, is now advertised as surpassing all the rest for daring.
The Wit of T.S. Eliot
Authors: Colby Robert
Published: March 2013

The Cocktail Party, the first of T. S. Eliot's plays to reach anything approaching a wide audience, is noteworthy for is abandonment of the esoteric, lofty tone of his previous plays. This shift seems consistent with Eliot's growing concern, as revealed in The Idea of a Christian Society, with the religion of the hearth, rather than with the reliigion of the cloister—that mode of Christianity which "the great majority of the people" rather than recluses can practise. In The Cocktail Party, therefore, Eliot has endeavoured as before to restore poetic drama to its original religious context, but this time with an unobtrusiveness befitting a non-religious audience. Here he dramatizes a moral issue that arises out of domestic crisis, and the character who represents the paragon of virtue arises from the same society as do the unregenerates of the play, is completely devoid of any ecclesiastical trappings, is, in fact, completely unaware of her function and influence over others. One of the fascinations of the play is the way in which Chrisitanity is made relevant and compelling to its charaters given over to secular ways of life, and the way in which the poetic imagination is employed to integrate disparate realms of experience.
Theme and Technique in the Philoctetes and Oedipus of André Gide
Authors: Conacher
Published: March 2013

Within the past few decades, French authors have produced a surprising number of new dramas based on those ancient myths which the Greek tragedians first made famous. This phenomenon is all the morc interesting in that the idea of man which appears in these contemporary productions is at the farthest remove from the idea of man expressed in the Greek tragedies from which, for the most part, they take their plots. Aeschylus and Sophocles, despite the radical differences in their conceptions of the tragic, both produced tragedies based on a view of man as part of a larger system over whose fundamental operations he had little control. Limited areas of freedom, limited possibilities of right and wrong, of happiness and misery, were allowed to man within that system, but the ultimate ordinance and the ultimate directive were considered the prerogative of a higher order; whether, in individual cases, that governance was regarded as “the gods,” “a certain god,” “the God” or an all-accomplishing Moira, matters little in the present argument. Aeschylus, at his most cosmic level (in the Prometheus Bound, for example, and, presumably, in the lost sequence of the trilogy ) presented imaginative conceptions of the origins and the development of this universal order; for the rest, he devoted himself to dramatic demonstrations of the essential justice governing the relations of God and man within it. Sophocles, it is true, was more interested in man “for his own sake” but the new humanism of the Sophoclean hero was still strongly qualified by the divine framework—the god-given circumstances and the god-given laws—within which, still with a measure of freedom, that hero must act and suffer. Even Euripides, iconoclast though he was, in many respects, did not quite abandon the idea of a system beyond man's control, within which his heroes must operate. His iconoclasm was directed against the traditional and literal understanding of Greek mythology rather than against the meanings of that mythology itself. Hence, he provided a better understanding of those forces, no longer in Euripides theologically “divine,” with which man must come to terms or be destroyed.
Bertrand Russell: The Pilgrimage of Scientific Philosophy
Authors: Feuer Lewis
Published: March 2013

Every philosophy is a work of autobiography. Behind the impressive aspect of logical demonstration there is the man, with hopes and anxieties. It was, however, the great dream of Bertrand Russell that a scientific philosophy could be constructed rising above human trammels, god-like in its ethical neutrality. Now we ask: Was the pilgrimage of scientific philosophy a quest after a non-existent god? When we have probed beneath the logical surface of Russell's philosophy, do we find that its apparently logical formulae have been shaped to express his emotional needs?
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Kirkconnell Watson
Published: March 2013

Reviews of works published in other languages (besides French and English) in Canada in 1954.
Some Seventeenth Century Latin Poems by English Writers
Authors: Blunden Edmund
Published: March 2013

If even those who possess complete editions of the poets of the seventeenth century do not always explore with passion those parts of them where Latin and sometimes Greek verses are assembled, the gods surely do not grow angry. Such pieces come under the suspicion of being academic exercises, and many of them deserve it; some pretended to nothing more than the complimentary or incidental uses, and we today are hardly to be blamed if we do not spend time in working out their circumstances and catching their witticisms. Another cause for being disinclined to stay long in these areas is the labyrinthine look of much of the writing, and the unweeded garden of the vocabulary; those whose training in classical authors has been at all severe and select must recoil. Again—and this is a bigger thing—we have immediate access to the profusion of English poems from that celestially poetic age, and may reasonably reflect that we shall hardly have done justice to all those delights before we pass beyond present chances of imaginative enjoyment.
A Reading of La Saisiaz
Authors: Priestley
Published: March 2013

For readers of Browning's poetry, La Saisiaz must always hold a special interest as one of the poet's most extensive personal utterances. It is seldom, even in lyrics, that he writes a poem so directly occasional, and so immediate in form. Here his more usual techniques of indirection, of speaking through a persona, of substituting for the personal situation a devised dramatic one, are abandoned; the reticence suggested by the separation of “House” and “Shop” is here pushed aside by the urgent compulsion of the poet's emotion. The occasion of the poem, the sudden and shockingly unexpected death of his dear friend Anne Egerton Smith, is close in time to the composition; the poet's emotion is fresh and near to him; it is neither recollected in tranquillity nor distanced by his normal aesthetic devices. There is consequently behind the poem a sense of private urgency, a sense of emotional excitement straining against Browning's habit of control. The dualism so well described by F. G. R. Duckworth, the tension between “speaking out” and preserving privacy, here takes on what is perhaps its most complex form.
Coleridge and Wordsworth and "the Supernatural"
Authors: Coburn Kathleen
Published: March 2013

In one, the incidents and agents were to be, in part at least, supernatural; and the excellence arrived at was to consist in the interesting of the affections by the dramatic truth of such emotions, as would naturally accompany such situations supposing them real. And real in this sense they have been to every human being, who, from whatever source of delusion, has at any time believed himself under supernatural agency. For the second class, subjects were to be chosen from ordinary life, the characters and incidents were to be such as will be found in every village and its vicinity, where there is a meditative and feeling mind to seek after them, or notice them. It was agreed—that my endeavours should be directed to persons and characters supernatural or at least romantic: yet so to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a semblance of truth sufficient to procure for these shadows of imagination that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment that constitutes poetic faith. Mr. Wordsworth on the other hand was to propose to himself as his object, to give the charm of novelty to things of every day, and to excite a feeling analogous to the supernatural, by awakening the mind's attention from the lethargy of custom and directing it to the loveliness and wonders of the world before us.
Significant Trends in Education in Ontario
Authors: Althouse
Published: March 2013

Within the past decade, public education in Ontario, and indeed throughout Canada, has manifested certain arresting characteristics which are often regarded as emergency conditions. These conditions, however rapidly they have developed, are not transitory; they will not be alleviated simply by the lapse of time. They have not, even yet, attained their full magnitude. They will continue for an indefinite period and will become progressively more worrisome. For they are part of a startling new stage of our country's development, and, as such, should be regarded as indicative of significant trends rather than as temporary embarrassments.
Plato's Aesthetics Reconsidered
Authors: Anderson
Published: March 2013

Writers full of metaphysics—and sometimes void of a sense of poetry—construe Plato's philosophy as an aesthetical ontology in which beauty is made equivalent to goodness and truth. Those who elaborate cognitive theories of art quote his works with approval. Experts in criticism—innocent of the complications of philosophy—say he has no aesthetics at all, that his absorption in moral and mathematical principles renders him blind to poetic truth and lacking in concern with poetry's forms and origins. Others again contend that whatever Plato thinks worthy in the fine arts is either inconsistent with his metaphysics or rendered otiose by considerations of a Divine or Transcendental Beauty subsisting beyond human use and practice.
Reviews
Authors: Barker  , Woodhouse  , Shaw
Published: March 2013

R. M. Adams, Ikon: Milton and the Modern Critics, reviewed by A. E. Barker

Kenneth Muir, John Milton, reviewed by A. E. Barker

Robert H. West, Milton and the Angels, reviewed by A. E. Barker

Howard Schultz, Milton and Forbidden Knowledge, reviewed by A. E. Barker

F. T. Prince, The Italian Element in Milton's Verse, reviewed by A. E. Barker

Helen Darbishire, ed., The Poetical Works of John Milton, reviewed by A. E. Barker

René Wellek, A History of Modern Criticsm: 1750–1950, I, The Later Eighteenth Century [1750–1800], II, The Romantic Age [1800–1830],reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse

Rene Wellek, A History of Modern Criticism: 1750–1950 Vol I, II, III, reviewed by J. E. Shaw
A Study of Malton
Authors: Paterson Donald
Published: March 2013

At the beginning I should explain that the "profile" of Malton which I prepared for the Round Table on "Man and Industry" was the result, first, of a year's experience in 1953–4 as Secretary to the Malton Planning Board and, second, of a month's research, spent on the collection of data and the interviewing of people last summer. The most important part of the task became the selection of the "significant" points for inclusion, and one of the most rewarding aspects of the experience became the probing of my own biases and prejudices which went with this responsibility. The extent to which the "profile" succeeded in presenting an unbiased picture is better judged by others than by myself, however.
Is Evolution Finished?
Authors: Goudge
Published: March 2013

In the first flush of enthusiasm produced by the work of Charles Darwin, his achievement was often compared with that of Newton. Just as Principia Mathematica formulated laws which govern the domain of inanimate matter, so, it was said, The Origin of Species formulated laws which govern the domain of life, at least in its historical aspect. Furthermore, just as physical bodies must obey the law of universal gravitation, so living bodies must obey the law of evolution by natural selection. It was an easy step from this view to the belief that the evolutionary process described by Darwin is not just something which happened in the past. The process is also going on in the present, and is destined to continue throughout “a secure future of great length.” For most Darwinians in the nineteenth century, biological evolution was literally a work in progress.
The Value of the Humanities
Authors: Woodside
Published: March 2013

It is comforting for a humanist to reflect upon the well-known words of John Wilson, alias Christopher North, “Animosities are mortal, but the Humanities live forever.” A few extremists may urge that there is more of the darkness of night than of the warmth of Ambrose's tavern in the remark, but humanists who have had experience of concentrated attacks on certain areas of their domain will cling to the promise of a day when hostility will vanish and the value of the Humanities will not be questioned. The immortality claimed for the Humanities in Noctes Ambrosianae is not open to doubt unless human nature suffers in the future a change such as has not occurred during the centuries of evolution and revolution known to history. It is perhaps safe to assume that until such a radical change does occur, men and women will find their understanding widened and their spirit deepened by Aeschylus, Shakespeare, and Goethe, by Rembrandt and Beethoven; they will reflect upon the meaning of “right” and of “good,” of “freedom” and of “truth,” and will profit by the reflections of the truly great thinkers of the past and present; they will be intrigued by the processes which have led to social success and failure, to the development of “higher religions,” and to the building of the imposing structure of modern science both in its pure and in its applied aspects.
>Universities and the Making of Businessmen
Authors: Plant Arnold
Published: March 2013

Universities are the home of vocational education. Throughout the greater part of their history, the task of the most ancient of them was to educate men for the ecclesiastical profession, including the public and civil offices to which clerics then expected as of right to be nominated. I recall the impression made upon me by a passage in a paper delivered in 1921 by the late Sir William Ashley, then Professor of Commerce and Vice-Principal of the University of Birmingham, to the Second Conference of Universities of the Empire assembled at Oxford. “It may be doubted,” he said, “whether general mental culture was ever maintained to be the prime raison d'être of a university until Oxford and Cambridge, some sixty or seventy years ago, began to acquire a body of resident lay tutors. In encouraging what we may even call 'vocational' studies, the modern university is but reverting to its age-long traditions.” As I had myself a year earlier interrupted (as I then imagined) my career as a business manager to study at a university in preparation for more responsible administrative work, it was reassuring to learn that in preferring the economics and commerce degree curricula at London to the best alternatives which, as it seemed to my untutored mind, the older universities then had to offer, I had probably chosen even better than I knew. I was already finding my capacities more than sufficiently extended by my studies and the calls of student life in London. Vocational subjects directly and obviously appropriate to a business career were handled in a way which developed and exercised the reasoning faculty, providing the mental discipline and mental enlargement which merits the name of a university education.
Review
Authors: Grant Douglas
Published: March 2013

Robert Halspand, The Life of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, reviewed by Douglas Grant
Bernard Shaw: Imperfect Wagnerite
Authors: Blissett William
Published: March 2013

The century of Wagnerism was the Shavian century. Date it from Bernard Shaw's birth in 1856 and it need only be stretched a few years from his death to the death of Thomas Mann in 1956. Its hours of noon were, like Shaw's, the decades on either side of 1900. Now, with the departure of Shaw and Mann, though there are still a few pockets of resistance left (like W. H. Auden and C. S. Lewis), Wagnerism as a literary phenomenon may be said to have passed utterly into history. T. S. Eliot let Wagner loom large in The Waste Land, but that was 1921, and he has remained silent on the subject since, unless the One-Eyed Reilly is Wotan in disguise.
Historical Understanding as Re-Thinking
Authors: Dray
Published: March 2013

The theory of historical understanding set forth in R. G. Collingwood's Idea of History has produced some sharp divisions of opinion among philosophers of history. While the "nays" have usually been written off by their opponents as insensitive positivists, obsessed by a model of inquiry derived from the natural sciences, the "ayes" have been considered, in their turn, as woolly-minded idealists, unable to distinguish between the essential logical structure of an enquiry and its psychological and methodological frills. Even those who have accepted Collingwood's doctrine, however, have often found it difficult to say exactly what they think it commits them to. For The Idea of History is an irritating, as well as an exciting, book. It is full of paradoxes and apparent contradictions, which in some cases appear to be not entirely unconnected with a certain contempt which Collingwood from time to time displayed towards his philosophical opponents (indeed, his readers do not always escape): a contempt well exemplified by his remark, at one point, in response to the objections of an imaginary opponent: "I am not arguing; I am telling him" (p. 263). In many cases, no doubt, a kinder explanation might be sought; for the book was left unfinished at its author's death, and some parts of it apparently record the results of fairly raw, if vigorous and stimulating, reflection.
A Paris Theatre in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Lough John
Published: March 2013

Since 1680, when Louis XIV ordered the amalgamation of the two existing French companies of actors, the Comédie Française had been the Paris theatre. Until the Revolution it enjoyed a monopoly of the performance of those plays, inherited from the previous century, which it still considered worth performing, and, save for most of the comedies of Marivaux, almost all new plays of any value were first produced on its stage. It was to the Comédie Française that a serious theatre-goer would make his way—for the greater part of the century to the theatre on the Left Bank, in what is now known as the Rue de l'Ancienne Comédie; then, when these premises became unusable in 1770, to the Tuileries Palace; and finally, from 1782 to the Revolution, to the new building, opposite the Luxembourg Gardens, which, although twice ravaged by fire, still stands, bearing the name of the Théâtre de l'Odéon, or, more accurately, that of Comédie Française, Salle Luxembourg.
The Economy of Quebec
Authors: Harvey Pierre
Published: March 2013

In Canada, the west and the east, more or less agricultural, are usually contrasted with the central provinces which are highly industrialized. Rightly so. A glance at a series of maps of manufacturing industries in Canada is sufficient to show that such industries are highly concentrated in Ontario and Quebec, and this is true of each of the seventeen industries listed in the Standard Industrial Classification (Dominion Bureau of Statistics). A rapid, statistical analysis of occupations in the labour force of each province also reveals that Ontario and Quehec constitute a central unit, with one-third of its workers in manufacturing and mining, whereas in the neighbouring provinces, Manitoba and New Brunswick, only one-fifth of the workers are concentrated in these industries.
The Trade-Union Movement in Quebec
Authors: Dion Gerard
Published: March 2013

Out of a wage-earning population in the province of Quebec of 1,500,000, about 316,000 workers belong to unions. This proportion is approximately the same as that found in the other industrialized provinces of Canada.
Fortymile: American Outpost in the Canadian North
Authors: Berton Pierre
Published: March 2013

In the year 1887 an extremely odd village sprang up on the banks of the Yukon river, not many miles from the present site of Dawson City. It was called Fortymile, and, had it been on another planet, it could scarcely have been more remote from civilization. It was almost five thousand miles by boat from the nearest city (Victoria, B.C.), and for nine months of the year was sealed off from the world, its citizens prisoners of their own choosing in a dark and unknown land.
Social Studies
Authors: Brady Alexander , Careless
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books about social studies published in Canada in 1957.
La Poésie
Authors: Sylvestre Guy
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian poetry published in Canada in 1957.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Kirkconnell Watson
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1957.
The Teaching of Russian Language and Literature
Authors: Samarin Roman
Published: March 2013

The study of Russian language and literature in the higher educational establishments of the Soviet Union is conducted mainly in universities and teacher training institutes in their departments for training philologists, journalists, and speciaiists on various countries. Lecture courses on Soviet literature are given by the faculties of history and philosophy. Besides, these subjects may be taken by students of all the other departments, if they so desire. If, for example, students of mathematics, physics, or chemistry express the wish to study Russian language and literature a special group is arranged, with a philologist providing instruction. Of course, we have in mind advanced study of these subjects, for all students receive a solid grounding in them in the secondary schools.
Bozorg Alavi's Portmanteau
Authors: Wickens
Published: March 2013

The beginning of the modem phase of Persian literature is variously dated between the middle and the end of the nineteenth century: certainly, it would be difficult to offer a convincing argument for any earlier dating. Thus, it was a later, and also an altogether slower, less explosive, sparser growth than was the Arabic renaissance known as the nahda. Unlike the latter, it was only partially and indirectly induced and sustained by the intensive European penetration of the Middle East in the post-Napoleonic period. Moreover, in an area so circumscribed and isolated, so comparatively underpopulated and impoverished, as Persia had become in preceding centuries, the new movement tended to be confined to a small and unique circle, as compared with several important centres and coteries of literary activity dispersed throughout the Arabic-speaking world. Yet, holding in mind these essential differences and distinctions, one may still remark many significant points of resemblance between the two movements.
The Germans Look at the Atomic Age
Authors: Boeschenstein
Published: March 2013

Friedrich Nietzsche seems to have been the first German philosopher to acquire and use a typewriter. Antediluvian though his Danish model must have been in comparison with modern perfection, he was enthusiastic. As he was plagued with a steadily deteriorating eyesight the machine was just what he needed, and on occasion it also stood him in good stead when he wanted to wind up a letter. "Good-bye for now," he wrote to Paul Ree in 1881, "the typewriter refuses to work. I have just come to the spot where the ribbon is patched together." Remembering his panegyric on the electric streetcars of Turin one is tempted to state that Nietzsche was, for a long time to come, the last German philosopher to have a good word to say on technical innovations.
The Political Ideas of the Manchester School
Authors: Wallace Elisabeth
Published: March 2013

Apart from the history of the anti-corn law movement and the distinguished biographies of Cobden and Bright, the Manchester School has received little serious study. The average informed person, if asked to comment on their views, would probably reply that they were free traders. If pressed as to their political ideas, he might add that they were Little Englanders. If challenged as to whom the Manchester School included, he would answer Cobden and Bright, and possibly, as an afterthought, Goldwin Smith. Yet there is more to be said than this. From the 1840's to the 1870's, the ideas of the Manchester men, although often unpopular, were the most potent elements in British liberalism.
Social Studies II
Authors: Careless
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books about social studies published in Canada in 1959.
Les Études Sociales
Authors: Bonenfant Jean-Charles
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on French-Canadian social studies published in Canada in 1959.
From the Superhuman to the Human in Paradise Lost
Authors: Stoll Elmer
Published: March 2013

One of the greatest beauties of Paradise Lost lies, I think, in the gradual transition from the supernatural to the natural, in the felicitous approach and descent to the close. I have elsewhere shown the twilight scene at the last, with its pensive mood and rhythm, the exiled pair looking forward but also backward, going hand in hand but with wandering steps and slow, to be appropriate not only to the situation—this end of Paradise and beginning of life—but to the rest of the poem. I there pointed out a few of the many preparations for such a quiet and consolatory ending in the avowed purpose of God to bring good out of evil, make death not only a penalty but a remedy, and dismiss our first parents, though sorrowing, yet in peace.
The Discoveries of Pitch-Blende at Great Bear Lake
Authors: Camsell Charles
Published: March 2013

Prospectors are gifted with a fondness for adventure; otherwise Gilbert LaBine would not have left the comparative comfort of mineral-bearing areas in sou them Canada to trek the sub-Arctic regions in search of new wealth. They are observant by intuition; otherwise the indications of radium and silver ores at LaBine Point, on the shore of Echo Bay, Great Bear Lake, might easily have been missed. Thanks to these traits, possessed by a man who had already established a reputation in Canadian mining circles, the Dominion may now be regarded as an important source of radium.
Some Reflections on Secondary Education
Authors: Clarke
Published: March 2013

I propose to offer here a few “flying thoughts” rather than any planned and pegged-down exposition of the whole vast problem of secondary education in the modern world. While it is true, no doubt, that profound changes in our conceptions of its aims and methods will take place, the nature of these changes is still obscure. Mankind, in General Smuts's phrase, may, indeed, be striking its tents again, but the direction of the march is even less clear than it seemed to be fifteen years ago, when we were all quite sure that President Wilson was pointing the way. The obscurity is due not only to the fact of our present economic plight and the distorting effect that our struggles have on our long-range thinking; it is due also to real bewilderment, which may well be intensified rather than relieved by the passing of the “depression.” We are in the trough between an Age of Faith that has gone and the next one that has yet to be. So all our syntheses to-day are apt to be provisional and fleeting; Social Democracy yesterday, the Nazis to-day, and who knows what to-morrow? The parallel with the Greek world into which Plato came, or still better, with the Roman world into which Christianity came, is striking enough. If the parallel is real, if our present condition really resembles one of these, the hope of a Golden Age soon to come may be less well grounded than the probability of a new Dark Age of confusion and disintegration, with a few “monastic” centres of culture preserving the guarantee of a new dawn.
Reviews
Authors: Allen Frank , Innis  , Woodhouse
Published: March 2013

E. F. Burton, ed., The Phenomenon of Superconductivity, reviewed by Frank Allen

Canadian Problems as seen by Twenty Outstanding Men of Canada, reviewed by H. A. Innis

The Liberal Way, a Record of Opinion on Canadian Problems as expressed and discussed at the First Liberal Summer Conference, Port Hope, September, 1933, reviewed by H. A. Innis

Francis Hankin and T. W. L. MacDermot, Recovery by Control, a Diagnosis and Analysis of the Relations between Business and Government in Canada, reviewed by H. A. Innis

W. H. Moore, The Definite National Purpose, reviewed by H. A. Innis

Contributions to Canadian Economics, vol. VI, reviewed by H. A. Innis

Papers and Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, vol. V, reviewed by H. A. Innis

A. S. Tuberville, ed., Johnson's England: An Account of the Life and Manners of his Age, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse
The Poetic Genius of D. H. lawrence
Authors: Davis Herbert
Published: March 2013

In the last four years since Lawrence died a good deal has been written about him by his friends and admirers, clamouring sometimes with little restraint or discretion to prove their priority in interest or affection or understanding, providing sometimes, it is true, fresh biographical information and valuable additions to the Letters, edited by Mr. Aldous Huxley in 1932, but rarely aiding us to form a critical estimate of his real importance. That importance, however, assumed of course by all his admirers, is perhaps almost as clearly indicated by the attitude of his critics. Whether approached from the point of view of a traditional moralist like Mr. T. S. Eliot and condemned as a seeker after strange gods, or from the point of view of a metabiological Christian like Mr. Middleton Murry and condemned as a prophet who betrayed his vision, or from the point of view of a cultured man of the world like Mr. Norman Douglas and condemned as something of an outsider, Lawrence is still recognized by them all as a genuine artist, and as a man whose experience of life has a real validity for this generation. And Professor Cazamian, too, though finding in Lawrence's work an absence of the balance and perfection of the greatest art, speaks, in the last issue of the QUARTERLY, of the powerful fascination of his “tormented genius” which “seems to bear the very shape and show the pressure of our age.”
The Physical Structure of Canada
Authors: Coleman
Published: March 2013

Canada, with an area of 3,603,910 square miles, is one of the largest countries in the world and surpasses Australia and India among the divisions of the British Commonwealth, and also the United States; so that its ten million people seem to have ample room to expand. But area alone by no means determines the prosperity of a nation. It may prove a hampering influence and a danger where a small population is scattered in widely separated regions having different interests and different outlets for their commerce. In earlier days there was a real risk that British North America, peopled by separate groups on the Atlantic, the Great Lakes, the Prairies, and the Pacific, might never unite to form a single nation, since apparently impassable barriers separated the different parts of the country. There was a time when Nova Scotians talked of “going to Canada;” and even yet there is sometimes a hint of separatism, amd certain curious forms of speech point toward disjunctive trends. If a dweller in central Canada speaks of going to the “coast” it is well understood that he is bound for the Pacific. In the popular mind of Ontario there is no Atlantic coast. On the other hand the “Maritime Provinces” do not include British Columbia, although its coast-line is vastly longer than that of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick combined.
Reviews
Authors: Brady Alexander , Clark  , Brett
Published: March 2013

Leon Trotsky, The History of the Russian Revolution, reviewed by Alexander Brady

Alexander Kerensky, The Crucifixion of Liberty, reviewed by Alexander Brady

Joseph Stalin, Leninism, reviewed by Alexander Brady

Arthur Rosenberg, A History of Bolshevism, reviewed by Alexander Brady

Louis J. A. Mercier, The Challenge of Humanism: An Essay in Comparative Criticism, reviewed by A. F. B. Clark

A. D. Nock, Conversion: The Old and the New in Religion from Alexander the Great to Augustine of Hippo, reviewed by G. S. Brett
Absalom Reconsidered
Authors: Stewart David
Published: March 2013

William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! has been investigated rather thoroughly for formal structure and design. There is, of course, always room for further investigation, but it would seem that the basic patterns and literary devices are accurately enough described so that only minor revisions and additions are still possible. It is the meaning of the work which continues to provide a field for reflection and analysis. Agreeing with a critic's description of pattern and design in no way commits us to accept his ascription of meaning. We can and should always ask, "meaning for whom and when?" Absalom will mean one thing to the critic, who, in his anxious search for "roots," agrees with Faulkner's view of the essential grandeur and dignity (corrupted, to be sure) of the South, while it will mean something else to the critic who is preoccupied with structure or style or other literary devices; and it will mean a third thing to the critic who disagrees with Faulkner's view of Southern history and human nature.
Equilibrium in the Poetry of Matthew Arnold
Authors: Brick Allan
Published: March 2013

The usual effect of Victorian poetry is to prove that a truth exists, that the search for it must be unrelenting, and that its very attainment promotes a further search for a more ultimate truth—ad infinitum. This search is the penetration of self, an interior journey on which the individual draws away from the world of appearance, from the encrustations of social personality and ever closer to innermost reality. Like Shelley and Coleridge, the major Victorians express themselves in terms of idealist philosophy; their poetic form schematizes the self into subject-object relationships. If, as compared with their predecessors, they seem to be more distant from the individual consciousness, more interested in the neat recounting of "stories," on closer examination one finds the "stories" are dramatizations for philosophical inculcation.
Spenser's Gardens of Adonis: Force and Form in the Renaissance Imagination
Authors: Berger Harry
Published: March 2013

These statements seem diametrically opposed not only in content but also in tendency: Ficino looks back to Plotinus and the theory of procession, Leonardo looks ahead to Freud and the theory of instincts. Yet we observe in both the same style of imagination, the same image of pulsing dynamism intuited as the nature of the real. And we know that for both thinkers, as for most of their contemporaries, whatever lay beyond or beneath the perceived universe was felt to be charged with motion and energy. It was not that the old and honorific formulae—eternal, stable, immutable, and the like—were either abandoned or disbelieved. But the objects of theological and scientific thought could no longer be ingenuously identified with the enduring individual substances, the stable and visualizable forms, of Aristotle's common-sense world. The forms of human vision came more and more to be felt as creations of the human mind in response to a God who manifested himself chiefly in process, force, and relation.
Modern Japanese Literature
Authors: Keene Donald
Published: March 2013

Faulkner's ignorance of Japanese literature is not exceptional; few Western writers today could have answered much more fully. The great eleventh-century novel, The Tale of Genji, though superbly translated into English some thirty years ago, is still not considered an indispensable part of every educated man's library; the hauntingly beautiful No plays are remembered best because of the pun (of which people never seem to tire) between No and the common European word of negation; and the haikai poetry, though sometimes imitated even in the West, is seldom considered seriously. Even people who decorate their houses with Japanese woodblock prints and other objects of japonaiserie rarely extend their interests to Japanese literature.
France Looks at French Canada
Authors: Melese Pierre
Published: March 2013

Strange though it may seem in our time, when distances scarcely count any more, Canada, only a few hours away from Paris today, still seems to many Frenchmen enveloped in the mist of legend. Ask an "average Frenchman" about Canada: knowing nothing about the English-speaking provinces, he will name you two cities, Quebec and Montreal, where people speak French with a peculiar accent, where they sing "Alouette" all day in the cold and snow; he will recite for you the list of the Great Lakes which he learned in school. His knowledge will scarcely go beyond that.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Kirkconnell Watson
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1960.
Foreward
Authors: Anglin Douglas
Published: March 2013

Douglas G. Anglin's foreward for Africa: The Political Pattern
Machiavelli: The Artist as Statesman
Authors: Mazzeo Joseph
Published: March 2013

It is as the author of The Prince that Machiavelli has received his greatest fame and, to some extent, this is unfortunate, for that brilliant and revolutionary book gives us too limited an impression of the variety of his thought. Nevertheless, any study of Machiavelli must certainly begin with this work and, I think, perhaps even end with it. For The Prince was a truly revolutionary book.
The Gnostic Gospels of Nag-Hammadi
Authors: Beare
Published: March 2013

Shortly after the end of World War II, some peasants of the village of Nag-Hammadi in Upper Egypt discovered a group of documents which are proving to be of far greater importance than the Dead Sea Scrolls and may well in the long run attract an equal amount of public interest. The find consists of thirteen manuscripts on papyrus, written in Coptic—most of them in Sahidic, a few in sub-Akhmimic—containing in all forty-nine treatises. Five of these are duplicated, so that there are actually forty-four separate writings in the collection. Of these, only two had ever been published in any form, in modern times. There remain no less than forty-two books which have not been known to the world since the fifth century.
Reviews
Authors: McManaway James , Skemp
Published: March 2013

R.A. Foakes and R.T. Rickert, eds., Henslowe's Diary, reviewed by James G. McManaway

Glenn R. Morrow, Plato's Cretan City: A Historical Interpretation of the Laws, reviewed by J.B. Skemp
Coleridge and Thomasina Dennis
Authors: Woof
Published: March 2013

The "late Governess" was Thomasina Dennis, a Cornishwoman thirty years old. She had been governess to the two Wedgwood children since the spring of 1798. Her history is not unmoving. The solemn and uncheerful heart may, as Coleridge suggests, have worked towards her destruction, impoverished her attempts to be a poet (later, a novelist), and certainly made her unfit for that isthmus of the middle social state, the governess. But this very unhappiness renders her interesting to us as it did to Coleridge, for from this comes the passion that enlivens her letters. In this essay my main concern, however, is not with her personality or history, but with her reactions to the literary opinions of the Wedgwoods and their friends.
The Evolutionary Vision of Teilhard de Chardin
Authors: Goudge
Published: March 2013

The posthumous publication of the Works of Père Teilhard de Chardin has created a flurry on both sides of the Atlantic. The fIrst volume to appear, Le Phénomène Humain (1955), was a best-seller in his native France. Four years later the English translation, The Phenomenon of Man, attracted wide attention in the United Kingdom and North America. Popular interest was evoked by the fact that the author had been a paleoanthropologist of considerable reputation, a fervent evolutionist, and a priest of the Jesuit Order forbidden by ecclesiastical superiors to publish his evolutionary ideas. In academic circles interest was centred upon the arresting character of those ideas, especially as presented in The Phenomenon of Man. Yet the evaluation of this book has been befogged by the strong emotions which it has tended to arouse. Some critics have praised it extravagantly. Others have condemned it as worthless or pernicious. Very few have been prepared to give Teilhard's ideas a detached examination. This is what I shall try to do on a modest scale in the following pages.
The Victorian Self Image and the Emergent City Sensibility
Authors: Forsyth
Published: March 2013

Charles Frankel, in considering the problem of explanation and interpretation in history, has remarked that the view that "people hold towards their past is one of the controlling factors in their morals, religion, art, and intellectual pursuits, to say nothing of the sights, sounds and actual feel of their daily experience." And Jerome S. Bruner extends the idea when he writes that one "need not insist upon the social, ethical, and political significance of an age's image of man, for it is patent that the view one takes of man affects profoundly one's standard of dignity and the humanly possible." Nor, he continues, is this image, "simply a matter of public concern. For man as individual has a deep and emotional investment in his image of himself. .. [and] has powerful and exquisite capacities for defending himself against violation of his cherished self-image." It is equally clear that many aspects of that image are comprised of tacit assumptions, and consequently, broad changes in it are often most clearly seen in incidental observations even about apparently unconnected issues. In the light of these views it seems valid to regard the following incident as indicative of the pervasive cultural changes which followed on the scientific and industrial revolution that transformed English life during the nineteenth century.
Reviews
Authors: Wood John , Bruckmann Patricia
Published: March 2013

Maurice Z. Shroder, Icarus. The Image of the Artist in French Romanticism, reviewed by John S. Wood

George Ross Ridge, The Hero in French Decadent Literature, reviewed by John S. Wood

Victor Brombert, The Intellectual Hero. Studies in the French Novel, 1880–1955, reviewed by John S. Wood

Laurent LeSage, The French New Novel: An Introduction and a Sampler, reviewed by John S. Wood

Fredric Jameson, Sartre: The Origins of a Style, reviewed by John S. Wood

Elliot M. Grant, Zola's "Germinal". A Critical and Historical Study, reviewed by John S. Wood

Herbert S. Gershman and Kernan B. Whitworth, Jr., Anthology of Critical Prefaces to the Nineteenth-century French novel, reviewed by John S. Wood

George J. Becker, ed., Documents of Modern Literary Realism, reviewed by John S. Wood

Henry Peyre, Literature and Sincerity, reviewed by John S. Wood

Alexander Pope, Pastoral Peotry and An Essay on Criticism, reviewed by Patricia Brückmann

Reuben A. Brower, Alexander Pope: The Poetry of Allusion, reviewed by Patricia Brückmann

Benjamin Boyce, The Character-Sketches in Pope's Poems, reviewed by Patricia Brückmann

Earl Wasserman, Pope's Epistle to Bathurst: A Critical Reading with An Edition of the Manuscripts, reviewed by Patricia Brückmann
The Art of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Authors: Silverstein Theodore
Published: March 2013

That curiosa felicitas which in a distinguished literary epoch yet distinguishes the art of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, nowhere appears more happily than in the stanzas on the passage of the seasons which bridge between the first two parts of the poem. One of the few supposed additions by the poet himself to the données of the story he is telling, the stanzas illustrate, in their freshness, their wit, and their shaping of general convention to particular case, the technical mastery which marks the poem throughout. Tightly woven into the fabric of the plot, they bring to bear on one of its critical moments a group of topics and verbal devices from poetic tradition, rhetoric, and philosophy—and do so with an ease that, despite their ornamental character, hastens rather than impedes the unfolding drama. Having chopped off the head of the terrible Green Knight, who picks it up and with it takes his leave, Gawain can only await the passage of the year before setting out for his own, more permanent, decapitation. The stanzas on the seasons both get us through the year and interpose a check to overt action that joins and clashes with their inward speed to produce a restlessness which deepens our anxiety for the hero as his peril comes upon him.
Humanities
Authors: Blissett William , Bagnani
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on the humanities published in Canada in 1963.