bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of an SH2–kinase construct of c-Abl and effect of the SH2 domain on kinase activity
Authors: Lorenz Sonja , Deng Patricia , Hantschel Oliver , Superti-Furga Giulio , Kuriyan John
Published: March 2015

Constitutive activation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl (cellular Abelson tyrosine protein kinase 1, Abl1) in the Bcr (breakpoint cluster region)–Abl1 fusion oncoprotein is the molecular cause of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Recent studies have indicated that an interaction between the SH2 (Src-homology 2) domain and the N-lobe (N-terminal lobe) of the c-Abl kinase domain (KD) has a critical role in leukaemogenesis [Grebien et al. (2011) Cell 147, 306–319; Sherbenou et al. (2010) Blood 116, 3278–3285]. To dissect the structural basis of this phenomenon, we studied c-Abl constructs comprising the SH2 and KDs in vitro. We present a crystal structure of an SH2–KD construct bound to dasatinib, which contains the relevant interface between the SH2 domain and the N-lobe of the KD. We show that the presence of the SH2 domain enhances kinase activity moderately and that this effect depends on contacts in the SH2/N-lobe interface and is abrogated by specific mutations. Consistently, formation of the interface decreases slightly the association rate of imatinib with the KD. That the effects are small compared with the dramatic in vivo consequences suggests an important function of the SH2–N-lobe interaction might be to help disassemble the auto-inhibited conformation of c-Abl and promote processive phosphorylation, rather than substantially stimulate kinase activity.
Mitochondrial Tim9 protects Tim10 from degradation by the protease Yme1
Authors: Spiller Michael P. , Guo Liang , Wang Qi , Tran Peter , Lu Hui
Published: March 2015

Translocase of IM (inner membrane; Tim)9 and Tim10 are essential homologue proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) and form a stable hexameric Tim9–Tim10 complex there. Redox-switch of the four conserved cysteine residues plays a key role during the biogenesis of these proteins and, in turn, the Tim proteins play a vital chaperone-like role during import of mitochondrial membrane proteins. However, the functional mechanism of the small Tim chaperones is far from solved and it is unclear whether the individual proteins play specific roles or the complex functions as a single unit. In the present study, we examined the requirement and role for the individual disulfide bonds of Tim9 on cell viability, complex formation and stability using yeast genetic, biochemical and biophysical methods. Loss of the Tim9 inner disulfide bond led to a temperature-sensitive phenotype and degradation of both Tim9 and Tim10. The growth phenotype could be suppressed by deletion of the mitochondrial i-AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) protease Yme1, and this correlates strongly with stabilization of the Tim10 protein regardless of Tim9 levels. Formation of both disulfide bonds is not essential for Tim9 function, but it can facilitate the formation and improve the stability of the hexameric Tim9–Tim10 complex. Furthermore, our results suggest that the primary function of Tim9 is to protect Tim10 from degradation by Yme1 via assembly into the Tim9–Tim10 complex. We propose that Tim10, rather than the hexameric Tim9–Tim10 complex, is the functional form of these proteins.
A short-term mouse model that reproduces the immunopathological features of rhinovirus-induced exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Singanayagam Aran , Glanville Nicholas , Walton Ross P. , Aniscenko Julia , Pearson Rebecca M. , Pinkerton James W. , Horvat Jay C. , Hansbro Philip M. , Bartlett Nathan W. , Johnston Sebastian L.
Published: March 2015

Viral exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), commonly caused by rhinovirus (RV) infections, are poorly controlled by current therapies. This is due to a lack of understanding of the underlying immunopathological mechanisms. Human studies have identified a number of key immune responses that are associated with RV-induced exacerbations including neutrophilic inflammation, expression of inflammatory cytokines and deficiencies in innate anti-viral interferon. Animal models of COPD exacerbation are required to determine the contribution of these responses to disease pathogenesis. We aimed to develop a short-term mouse model that reproduced the hallmark features of RV-induced exacerbation of COPD. Evaluation of complex protocols involving multiple dose elastase and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration combined with RV1B infection showed suppression rather than enhancement of inflammatory parameters compared with control mice infected with RV1B alone. Therefore, these approaches did not accurately model the enhanced inflammation associated with RV infection in patients with COPD compared with healthy subjects. In contrast, a single elastase treatment followed by RV infection led to heightened airway neutrophilic and lymphocytic inflammation, increased expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10)/IP-10 (interferon γ-induced protein 10) and CCL5 [chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5]/RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), mucus hypersecretion and preliminary evidence for increased airway hyper-responsiveness compared with mice treated with elastase or RV infection alone. In summary, we have developed a new mouse model of RV-induced COPD exacerbation that mimics many of the inflammatory features of human disease. This model, in conjunction with human models of disease, will provide an essential tool for studying disease mechanisms and allow testing of novel therapies with potential to be translated into clinical practice.
Synthesis of a Series of Novel 3,9-Disubstituted Phenanthrenes as Analogues of Known N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Allosteric Modulators
Authors: Irvine Mark , Fang Guangyu , Eaves Richard , Mayo-Martin Maria , Burnell Erica , Costa Blaise , Culley Georgia , Volianskis Arturas , Collingridge Graham , Monaghan Daniel , Jane David
Published: March 2015

9-Substituted phenanthrene-3-carboxylic acids have been reported to have allosteric modulatory activity at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. This receptor is activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamate and has been implicated in a range of neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, epilepsy and chronic pain, and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, the convenient synthesis of a wide range of novel 3,9-disubstituted phenanthrene derivatives starting from a few common intermediates is described. These new phenanthrene derivatives will help to clarify the structural requirements for allosteric modulation of the NMDA receptor.
Management Issues in the Treatment of an Ameloblastoma with an Atypical Presentation
Authors: Larrañaga Juan José , Sahovaler Axel , Picco PedroIgnacio , Mazzaro EduardoLuis , Figari MarceloFernando
Published: March 2015

Benign ameloblastoma (BA) is the most common tumor arising from the odontogenic epithelium. Surgical resection with adequate margins is the mainstay of treatment due to the high index of tumor recurrence when not completely excised. Although locoregional spread has been described in the literature, it is very uncommon. We describe the treatment and follow-up of a 22-year-old woman with multiple recurrences and locoregional spread of a mandibular ameloblastoma who was referred to our center after several tumor resections with subsequent reconstructions. After a complete macroscopical removal of a new recurrence, the mandible was primarily reconstructed. A local homolateral recurrence and a second lesion in the contralateral maxilla were detected after 1-year follow-up and accordingly treated. After 4 years the patient showed a new tumor in the temporal fossa and was reoperated. The histopathology was consistent with a BA in all cases. Even though it is rare, locoregional spread of BA has been reported previously. Recurrences discovered during follow-up may require further resections. A close follow-up is mandatory, and treatment of these cases may result demanding requiring a multiple team approach, including oncologists and radiotherapists.
Scaling and self-similarity in two-dimensional hydrodynamics
Authors: Ercan Ali , Kavvas M. Levent
Published: March 2015

The conditions under which depth-averaged two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic equations system as an initial-boundary value problem (IBVP) becomes self-similar are investigated by utilizing one-parameter Lie group of point scaling transformations. Self-similarity conditions due to the 2D k-ε turbulence model are also investigated. The self-similarity conditions for the depth-averaged 2D hydrodynamics are found for the flow variables including the time, the longitudinal length, the transverse length, the water depth, the flow velocities in x- and y-directions, the bed shear stresses in x- and y-directions, the bed shear velocity, the Manning's roughness coefficient, the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, the eddy viscosity, the turbulent kinetic energy, the turbulent dissipation, and the production and the source terms in the k-ε model. By the numerical simulations, it is shown that the IBVP of depth-averaged 2D hydrodynamic flow process in a prototype domain can be self-similar with that of a scaled domain. In fact, by changing the scaling parameter and the scaling exponents of the length dimensions, one can obtain several different scaled domains. The proposed scaling relations obtained by the Lie group scaling approach may provide additional spatial, temporal, and economical flexibility in setting up physical hydraulic models in which two-dimensional flow components are important.
Analysis of first order reversal curves in the thermal hysteresis of spin-crossover nanoparticles within the mechanoelastic model
Authors: Stoleriu Laurentiu , Stancu Alexandru , Chakraborty Pradip , Hauser Andreas , Enachescu Cristian
Published: March 2015

The recently obtained spin-crossover nanoparticles are possible candidates for applications in the recording media industry as materials for data storage, or as pressure and temperature sensors. For these applications, the intermolecular interactions and interactions between spin-crossover nanoparticles are extremely important, as they may be essential factors in triggering the transition between the two stable phases: the high-spin and low-spin ones. In order to find correlations between the distributions in size and interactions and the transition temperatures distribution, we apply the FORC (First Order Reversal Curves) method, using simulations based on a mechanoelastic model applied to 2D triangular lattices composed of molecules linked by springs and embedded in a surfactant. We consider two Gaussian distributions: one is the size of the nanoparticles and another is the elastic interactions between edge spin-crossover molecules and the surfactant molecules. In order to disentangle the kinetic and non-kinetic parts of the FORC distributions, we compare the results obtained for different temperature sweeping rates. We also show that the presence of few larger particles in a distribution centered around much smaller particles dramatically increases the hysteresis width.
Effect of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction on the magnetic vortex oscillator driven by spin-polarized current
Authors: Chen Shujun , Zhang Senfu , Zhu Qiyuan , Liu Xianyin , Jin Chendong , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang
Published: March 2015

By micromagnetic simulation, we investigated the dynamic of magnetic vortex driven by spin-polarized current in Permalloy nanodisks in the presence of interfacial/superficial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI). It is found that spin-polarized current can drive the vortex precession. In the presence of DMI, the oscillation frequency of the vortex is about 3 times higher than that of without DMI for the same nanodisk. Moreover, the linewidth is more narrow than that of without DMI when the radius of nanodisk is 50 nm. In addition, the vortex can support a higher current density than that of without DMI. Introduction of DMI in this system can provide a new way to design magnetic vortex oscillator.
Spin pumping and inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect in NiFe/Ag/Bi and NiFe/Ag/Sb
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jungfleisch Matthias B. , Jiang Wanjun , Pearson John E. , Hoffmann Axel
Published: March 2015

The Rashba effect is an interaction between the spin and the momentum of electrons induced by the spin-orbit coupling in surface or interface states. We measured the inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect via spin pumping in Ag/Bi and Ag/Sb interfaces. The spin current is injected from the ferromagnetic resonance of a NiFe layer towards the Rashba interfaces, where it is further converted into a charge current. Using spin pumping theory, we quantify the conversion parameter of spin to charge current to be 0.11 ± 0.02 nm for Ag/Bi and a factor of ten smaller for Ag/Sb. The relative strength of the effect is in agreement with spectroscopic measurements and first principles calculations. We also vary the interlayer materials to study the voltage output in relation to the change of the effective spin mixing conductance. The spin pumping experiment offers a straight-forward approach of using spin current as an efficient probe for detecting interface Rashba splitting.
Effect of the stray field profile on the switching characteristics of the free layer in a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Jiancheng Huang , Hin Sim Cheow , Naik Vinayak Bharat , Tran Michael , Ter Lim Sze , Guchang Han
Published: March 2015

We show that the magnetic tunnel junction's coercivity (Hc) and anisotropy field (Hk) are linked to the stray field. This is shown by deliberately breaking the antiparallel configuration in the synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) reference layer to obtain changes to the stray field. Experimentally, Hc is larger in the low-Ho magnetic configuration with a normal SAF than in the high-Ho configuration with parallel-aligned SAF layers. Simulations reveal that the Hc reduction comes from the magnetization of the free layer tilting in-plane at the edge, which in turn is due to the large in-plane component of the stray field. Fitting the switching field distribution into the thermal activation model, we also show a close relationship between the thermal stability of the bi-stable switching, the anisotropy field (Hk), and the stray field. While it is possible to reduce Ho to zero with careful choice of the thickness of the SAF reference layers, the stray field at the edge cannot be fully eliminated.
Discordance between morphological species identification and mtDNA phylogeny in the flesh fly genus Ravinia (Diptera : Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Wong Evan S. , Dahlem Gregory A. , Stamper Trevor I. , DeBry Ronald W.
Published: March 2015

In order to better understand the phylogenetic relationships among species in the genus Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, we analysed data from two mitochondrial gene fragments: cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome oxidase II (COII). We used Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods to infer phylogenetic relationships. Our results indicate that the genera Ravinia and Chaetoravinia, previously synonymised into the genus Ravinia (sensu lato) are each likely to be monophyletic (posterior probability 1; bootstrap support 85%). We found highly supported paraphyletic relationships among species of Ravinia, with relatively deep splits in the phylogeny. This conflict between the morphological species definitions and the mtDNA phylogeny could be indicative of the presence of cryptic species in Ravinia anxia (Walker, 1849), Ravinia floridensis (Aldrich, 1916), Ravinia lherminieri (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), and Ravinia querula (Walker, 1849).
Phylogeny and biogeography of the mite harvestmen (Arachnida : Opiliones : Cyphophthalmi) of Queensland, Australia, with a description of six new species from the rainforests of the Wet Tropics
Authors: Boyer Sarah L. , Baker Caitlin M. , Popkin-Hall Zachary R. , Laukó Domokos I. , Wiesner Hannah A. , Quay Rachel H.
Published: March 2015

The Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia, represent the largest remaining fragment of vast rainforests that once covered the entire continent. Over the past few decades the Wet Tropics bioregion has received much attention from biologists interested in the effect of climate change on diversity and distribution of rainforest animals. However, most such studies have focused on vertebrates, and despite considerable interest in the biota of the area, the diversity of many of Wet Tropics invertebrate taxa remains poorly known. Here we describe six new species of mite harvestman from the area, identified using a combination of morphological and molecular data. Our study represents the first detailed phylogenetic study of the genus Austropurcellia, and provides insight into the historical biogeography of these dispersal-limited arachnids.
Recovery of South Australian rabbit populations from the impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease
Authors: Mutze G. , Bird P. , Jennings S. , Peacock D. , de Preu N. , Kovaliski J. , Cooke B. , Capucci L.
Published: March 2015

Context Recovery of Australian rabbit populations from the impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) contrasts with more prolonged suppression of wild rabbits in Europe, and has been widely discussed in the scientific community, but not yet documented in formal scientific literature. The underlying causes of recovery remain unclear, but resistance to RHDV infection has been reported in laboratory studies of wild-caught rabbits. Aims We document numerical changes in two South Australian wild rabbit populations that were initially suppressed by RHDV, and examine serological data to evaluate several alternative hypotheses for the cause of recovery. Methods Rabbit numbers were assessed from spotlight transect counts and dung mass transects between 1991 and 2011, and age and RHDV antibody sero-prevalence were estimated from rabbits shot in late summer. Key results Rabbit numbers were heavily suppressed by RHDV between 1995 and 2002, then increased 5- to 10-fold between 2003 and 2010. During the period of increase, annual RHDV infection rates remained stable or increased slightly, average age of rabbits remained stable and annual rainfall was below average. Conclusions Rabbit populations recovered but neither avoidance of RHDV infection, gradual accumulation of long-lived RHD-immune rabbits, nor high pasture productivity were contributing factors. This leaves increased annual survival from RHDV infection as the most likely cause of recovery. Implications Previously documented evidence of resistance to RHDV infection may be of little consequence to post-RHD recovery in rabbit numbers, unless the factors that influence the probability of infection also shape the course of infection and affect survival of infected rabbits.
Nest caging as a conservation tool for threatened songbirds
Authors: Major Richard E. , Ashcroft Michael B. , Davis Adrian
Published: March 2015

Context
Enclosing nests in cages to exclude predators is a management tool frequently used to increase the reproductive success of threatened ground-nesting precocial birds. This technique has seldom been used with passerines, despite the predicted increased benefit for altricial species due to their longer period of nest dependency.

Aims
The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether cages could be installed around the nests of a threatened, shrub-nesting passerine without causing parental desertion, and (2) whether caged nests could successfully exclude the dominant nest predators and increase nesting success.

Methods
Cages with four different mesh sizes (1000 mm, 200 mm, 100 mm, 50 mm) were installed sequentially in trials at four nests in a secure population and three nests in an endangered population of white-fronted chats (Epthianura albifrons) to investigate susceptibility to desertion. Trials using 160 caged and uncaged artificial nests were used to determine the efficacy of 50-mm wire mesh in preventing access to eggs by potential nest predators.

Key results
Parent birds accepted nest cages, which reduced predation rates on artificial nests from 96% to 14%. Infrared-triggered cameras revealed that corvids were responsible for 94% of predation episodes. Nest success of caged white-fronted chat nests was 85% (n = 7).

Conclusions
Nest cages do not appear to have negative effects on nest success of white-fronted chats, and may considerably increase reproductive success.

Implications
Nest cages may aid conservation of the endangered population of white-fronted chats and other endangered songbird species.
Weighed down by science: do collar-mounted devices affect domestic cat behaviour and movement?
Authors: Coughlin Cayley E. , van Heezik Yolanda
Published: March 2015

Context
Animals carrying tracking and logging devices are subject to a range of instrument effects that negatively affect survival, reproduction and behaviour. The common recommendation is that device weight should not exceed 5% body mass (BM) for terrestrial species; however, this rule-of-thumb has little empirical basis. Modelling indicates that devices weighing less than 3% BM may still have impacts. Several studies have used telemetry and data loggers on domestic cats (Felis catus) with instruments ranging in weight from 30 g to 125 g, but there has been no quantitative evaluation of instrument effects. In addition, inexpensive GPS tags such as iGotU are increasingly being used to track domestic cats, but often with little acknowledgement of habitat-related location error.

Aims
We evaluated the impact of wearing devices of different weights on domestic cat movements, and quantified location error across typical suburban habitats.

Methods
We recorded movements of cats wearing three different GPS collar weights for a week at a time: light, 30 g (<1% BM); medium, 80 g (~2% BM); and heavy, 130 g (~3% BM). Location error (LE) and fix success rates (FSR) were compared between backyard habitats and up- or downward orientation of the GPS tags on collars.

Key results
Home-range size and distance travelled from home were smaller when cats wore the heaviest collar. LE was lower and FSR higher for GPS tags with direct-line-of-sight to satellites (e.g. on lawns), but there was no difference between tags placed in dense vegetation (hedges) or more open vegetation (trees), or tags oriented up or down.

Conclusions
Collars carrying instruments on cats should be no more than 2% BM (medium-weight collar). LE was large relative to typical urban habitat size, indicating that misclassification of locations into habitats could easily occur in habitat-selection studies.

Implications
Some published accounts of cat home-range sizes may be underestimates, resulting in underestimates of the extent of impacts on prey species. Habitat-use studies should acknowledge the error associated with GPS tags and incorporate it into analyses using techniques such as Brownian Bridges.
Hypoxic induction of AKAP12 variant 2 shifts PKA-mediated protein phosphorylation to enhance migration and metastasis of melanoma cells
Authors: Finger Elizabeth C. , Castellini Laura , Rankin Erinn B. , Vilalta Marta , Krieg Adam J. , Jiang Dadi , Banh Alice , Zundel Wayne , Powell Marianne Broome , Giaccia Amato J.
Published: March 2015

Significance

Scaffold proteins can serve as critical focal points for association of signaling molecules and downstream pathways that regulate tumor growth and invasion. We demonstrate that low oxygen levels, common in solid tumors, can regulate expression of one member of the AKAP scaffold protein family, AKAP12, in melanoma. Genetic inactivation of AKAP12 leads to decreased migration, invasion, and tumor growth in a mouse model of melanoma. Mechanistically, we discovered a switch in protein kinase A (PKA)-regulated phosphorylations under hypoxia that are dependent on AKAP12 and show that PKA is the critical kinase regulating AKAP12-dependent cellular migration. These results provide novel insight into how the tumor microenvironment modulates signal transduction and biological responses through the regulation of a specific variant of the scaffold protein AKAP12.
Influence of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on running and jumping performance during early morning soccer scrimmaging
Authors: Přibyslavská Veronika , Scudamore Eric Michael , Johnson Samantha Louise , Green James Matthew , Stevenson Wilcoxson Mary Caitlin , Lowe Jordan Blaine , O'Neal Eric Kyle
Published: March 2015

Carbohydrate mouth rinse (CMR) is a novel method proposed to enhance endurance performance lasting ≤ 60 min. The current study examined the influence of CMR on anaerobic performance tasks in 11 collegiate female soccer players after an overnight fast. Athletes completed two experimental sessions, during which carbohydrate (CHO; 6% maltodextrin) or taste‐ and colour‐matched placebo (PLA) mouth‐rinse solutions were administered in a counterbalanced, double‐blinded design. Three rounds of a 5‐min scrimmage bout and series of performance tests including a single countermovement vertical jump (1VJ), a set of four consecutive vertical jumps, a 72‐m shuttle run (SR72) and 18‐m sprint comprised each trial. Thirst sensation (TS), session TS, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and session RPE were assessed as secondary outcomes. The first SR72 approached significance (p = 0.069), but no significant between‐trials differences were observed for any of the mean performance tasks. The highest 1VJ scores did not differ for the first (CHO = 47.3 ± 3.4, PLA = 47.7 ± 3.5 cm; p = 0.43), second (CHO = 48.0 ± 4.1, PLA = 47.9 ± 3.5 cm; p = 0.82) or third bout (CHO = 47.4 ± 3.9, PLA = 48.1 ± 3.9 cm; p = 0.26). TS approached significance (p = 0.053) during the first bout. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found for any of the perceptual variables. Current results fail to support ergogenic influence of CMR on anaerobic performance tasks in collegiate female athletes.
iTagPlot: an accurate computation and interactive drawing tool for tag density plot
Authors: Kim Sung-Hwan , Ezenwoye Onyeka , Cho Hwan-Gue , Robertson Keith D. , Choi Jeong-Hyeon
Published: March 2015

Motivation: Tag density plots are very important to intuitively reveal biological phenomena from capture-based sequencing data by visualizing the normalized read depth in a region.

Results: We have developed iTagPlot to compute tag density across functional features in parallel using multicores and a grid engine and to interactively explore it in a graphical user interface. It allows us to stratify features by defining groups based on biological function and measurement, summary statistics and unsupervised clustering.

Availability and implementation:  http://sourceforge.net/projects/itagplot/.

Contact:  jechoi@gru.edu and jeochoi@gmail.com

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Are juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) becoming less social?
Authors: Childress Michael J. , Heldt Katherine A. , Miller Scott D.
Published: March 2015

Caribbean spiny lobsters are one of the most commercially important fisheries due in large part to their highly gregarious nature that facilitates their harvest by the use of traps or aggregation devices containing conspecifics. Aggregation in this species has been shown to be due to strong attraction to conspecific chemical cues that influence movement rates, discovery of crevice shelters, and den sharing behaviours. Although aggregation has been shown to have many potential benefits (reduction in exposure time and predation risk), it may also have significant costs as well (increase in predator encounters, disease transmission, and fishing mortality). We compared the results of three published and three unpublished Y-maze chemical cue choice experiments from 1996 to 2012 to determine if there has been a decrease in conspecific attraction by early benthic juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters (15–55 mm carapace length, CL). We found that attraction to conspecific chemical cues decreased since 2010 and was significantly lower in 2012. Lobsters showed individual variation in conspecific attraction but this variation was unrelated to size, sex, or dominance status. We also found localized regional variation in conspecific attraction with lobsters from high shelter/high disease areas showing significantly lower conspecific attraction than those from low shelter/low disease areas. Given that conspecific attraction varies among individuals and potentially increases mortality through either natural (increased disease transmission) or fishery-induced (attraction to traps) mechanisms, we should play close attention to this loss of conspecific attraction in juvenile lobsters. Future studies should investigate both the causation and the ecological significance of changes in conspecific attraction in regions that vary in intensity of disease (PaV1) and fishing pressure.
Graphical display of diagnostic test results in electronic health Records: a comparison of 8 systems
Authors: Sittig Dean F , Murphy Daniel R , Smith Michael W , Russo Elise , Wright Adam , Singh Hardeep
Published: March 2015

Accurate display and interpretation of clinical laboratory test results is essential for safe and effective diagnosis and treatment. In an attempt to ascertain how well current electronic health records (EHRs) facilitated these processes, we evaluated the graphical displays of laboratory test results in eight EHRs using objective criteria for optimal graphs based on literature and expert opinion. None of the EHRs met all 11 criteria; the magnitude of deficiency ranged from one EHR meeting 10 of 11 criteria to three EHRs meeting only 5 of 11 criteria. One criterion (i.e., the EHR has a graph with y-axis labels that display both the name of the measured variable and the units of measure) was absent from all EHRs. One EHR system graphed results in reverse chronological order. One EHR system plotted data collected at unequally-spaced points in time using equally-spaced data points, which had the effect of erroneously depicting the visual slope perception between data points. This deficiency could have a significant, negative impact on patient safety. Only two EHR systems allowed users to see, hover-over, or click on a data point to see the precise values of the x–y coordinates. Our study suggests that many current EHR-generated graphs do not meet evidence-based criteria aimed at improving laboratory data comprehension.
Arteriovenous Malformation of the Eyelid: Surgical Management and Histologic Study
Authors: Lo Christopher , Petris Carisa K. , Haberman Ilyse , Patel Payal , Charles Norman C.
Published: March 2015

A raised erythematous eyelid lesion that appeared in a 31-year-old man was diagnosed as an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), with confirmatory Doppler ultrasound demonstrating high arterial flow. Surgical excision, aided by electrocautery for extensive hemorrhage, resulted in an acceptable cosmetic result. Histopathology of the excised lesion showed collapsed capillary channels lined by endothelium. AVM is rarely encountered in the eyelid.
Increased Incidence of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis After Colorado Flooding
Authors: Davies Brett W. , Smith Jesse M. , Hink Eric M. , Durairaj Vikram D.
Published: March 2015

In September 2013, central Colorado experienced a record amount of rainfall resulting in widespread flooding. Within 1 month of the flooding, 4 patients presented to the authors’ institution with rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. This represents the largest number of cases ever recorded over a 1-month period. The authors hypothesize that the combination of immunocompromised status and environmental exposure resulted in the increased incidence.
Four oxoindole-linked α-alkoxy-β-amino acid derivatives
Authors: Ravikumar Krishnan , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Rajasekaran Tamilselvan , Reddy Basi Venkata Subba
Published: March 2015

Four structures of oxoindolyl α-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives, namely, methyl 2-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-yl}-2-methoxy-2-phenylacetate, C24H28N2O6, (I), methyl 2-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-yl}-2-ethoxy-2-phenylacetate, C25H30N2O6, (II), methyl 2-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-yl}-2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]-2-phenylacetate, C31H34N2O7, (III), and methyl 2-[(anthracen-9-yl)methoxy]-2-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-yl}-2-phenylacetate, C38H36N2O6, (IV), have been determined. The diastereoselectivity of the chemical reaction involving α-diazoesters and isatin imines in the presence of benzyl alcohol is confirmed through the relative configuration of the two stereogenic centres. In esters (I) and (III), the amide group adopts ananticonformation, whereas the conformation issynin esters (II) and (IV). Nevertheless, the amide group forms intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds with the ester and ether O atoms in all four structures. The ether-linked substituents are in the extended conformation in all four structures. Ester (II) is dominated by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen-bond interactions. In contrast, the remaining three structures are sustained by C—H...O hydrogen-bond interactions.
Serendipitous crystallization and structure determination of cyanase (CynS) fromSerratia proteamaculans
Authors: Butryn Agata , Stoehr Gabriele , Linke-Winnebeck Christian , Hopfner Karl-Peter
Published: March 2015

Cyanate hydratase (CynS) catalyzes the decomposition of cyanate and bicarbonate into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Here, the serendipitous crystallization of CynS fromSerratia proteamaculans(SpCynS) is reported. SpCynS was crystallized as an impurity and its identity was determined using mass-spectrometric analysis. The crystals belonged to space groupP1 and diffracted to 2.1 Å resolution. The overall structure of SpCynS is very similar to a previously determined structure of CynS fromEscherichia coli. Density for a ligand bound to the SpCynS active site was observed, but could not be unambiguously identified. Additionally, glycerol molecules bound at the entry to the active site of the enzyme indicate conserved residues that might be important for the trafficking of substrates and products.
Redetermination and absolute configuration of berkeleydione
Authors: Stierle Andrea , Stierle Donald , Decato Daniel
Published: March 2015

The crystal structure of the title compound, berkeleydione [systematic name; (5aS,7R,9S,11R,11aS)-methyl 9-hydroxy-1,1,5,7,9,11a-hexamethyl-14-methylidene-3,8,10-trioxo-1,3,4,5a,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a,12-dodecahydro-7,11-methanocycloocta[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyran-11-carboxylate], C26H32O7, has been reported previously [Stierleet al.(2004).Org. Lett.6, 1049–1052]. However, the absolute configuration could not be determined from the data collected with MoKα radiation and has now been determined by refinement of the Flack parameter with data collected using CuKα radiation. It is in agreement with the previous circular dichroism assignment, and the crystal packing is similar to that described previously.
Crystal structure of a binuclear nickel(II) complex constructed of 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline and doubly deprotonated benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid
Authors: Lv Ying , Hao Xiang-Rong
Published: March 2015

The title complex, [Ni2(C9H4O6)2(C13H8N4)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, bis(μ-5-carboxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylato-κ2O1:O1′)bis[diaqua(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline-κ2N7,N8)nickel(II)] dihydrate, was obtained under solvothermal conditions by the reaction of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) with Ni(NO3)2in the presence of 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (IP). The crystal has triclinic (P-1) symmetry with a centrosymmetric binuclear nickel(II) cluster. The NiIIatom is coordinated by two N atoms from a chelating 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligand, two carboxylate O atoms from two 5-carboxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylate ligands and two water molecules in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Two carboxylate groups bridge two NiIIcations, forming the binuclear complex. Extensive N—H...O, O—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure, forming a three-dimensional supermolecular framework. Weak π–π stacking is observed between parallel HBTC2−and IP ring systems, the face-to-face separation being 3.695 (2) Å.
Crystal structure of bis{(Z)-(benzylamino)[(5Z)-2-(benzylimino-κN)-5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-4-oxothiolan-3-ylidene]methanethiolato-κS}copper(II)
Authors: Obydennov Konstantin , Khamidullina Liliya , Slepukhin Pavel , Morzherin Yury
Published: March 2015

The title complex, [Cu(C22H19N2O3S2)2], was obtained from the reaction between (Z)-methyl 2-(5-benzylimino-4-benzylcarbamothioyl-3-oxothiolan-2-ylidene)acetate and Cu(NO3)2. The CuIIatom is tetracoordinated by twoN,S-bidentate ligands, forming a highly distorted tetrahedral environment. The structure displays two intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds.
Crystal structure of {2,2′-[N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diyldi(nitrilo)]diacetato}cobalt(III) hexafluoridophosphate
Authors: McLauchlan Craig C. , Kissel Daniel S. , Herlinger Albert W.
Published: March 2015

The title compound [Co(C22H26N4O4)]PF6, commonly known as [Co(bpcd)]PF6, where bpcd2−is derived from the historical ligand nameN,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N′-diacetate, crystallized by slow evaporation of a saturated acetonitrile solution in air. The cation of the hexafluoridophosphate salt has the CoIIIatom in a distorted octahedral coordination geometry provided by an N4O2donor atom set. The acetate groups, which are oriented trans with respect to each other, exhibit monodentate coordination whereas the pyridyl N atoms are coordinating in a cis configuration. The geometry of the cation is compared to the geometries of other diamino diacetate complexes with CoIII.
Crystal structure of tris[μ2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane-κ2P:P′]di-μ3-bromido-trisilver(I) bromide–N,N′-phenylthiourea (1/1)
Authors: Nimthong-Roldán Arunpatcha , Wattanakanjana Yupa , Rodkeaw Jintana
Published: March 2015

The title complex, [Ag3Br2(C25H22P2)3]Br·C7H8N2S, comprises a trinuclear [Ag3Br2(C25H22P2)3]+unit, a Br−anion and oneN,N′-dimethylthiourea molecule (ptu). Three AgIions are linkedviatwo μ3-bridging Br atoms, leading to a distorted triangular bipyramid with an Ag...Ag separation range of 3.1046 (6)–3.3556 (6) Å. The triangular Ag3arrangement is stabilized by six P atoms from three chelating bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane (dppm) ligands. The AgIion presents a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. In the crystal, the bromide anion is connected to the ptu molecule through N—H...Br hydrogen bonds [graph-set motifR21(6)]. Each bromide/ptu aggregate links the complex ionviaC—H...S and C—H...Br hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network. Two phenyl rings from two dppm ligands were modelled as disordered over two sites.
Crystal structure of ruthenocenecarbonitrile
Authors: Strehler Frank , Korb Marcus , Lang Heinrich
Published: March 2015

The molecular structure of ruthenocenecarbonitrile, [Ru(η5-C5H4C[triple-bond]N)(η5-C5H5)], exhibits point group symmetrym, with the mirror plane bisecting the molecule through the C[triple-bond]N substituent. The RuIIatom is slightly shifted from the η5-C5H4centroid towards the C[triple-bond]N substituent. In the crystal, molecules are arranged in columns parallel to [100]. One-dimensional intermolecular π–π interactions [3.363 (3) Å] between the C[triple-bond]N carbon atom and one carbon of the cyclopentadienyl ring of the overlaying molecule are present.
Government support and firm innovation performance
Authors: Wei Jiuchang , Liu Yang
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to examine the effect of government support on the innovation performance of firms in the Chinese context.

Design/methodology/approach

– We divided government support into vertical support and horizontal support, and adopted an empirical research approach in this study. We collected the data of 343 enterprises in China that had been identified as innovative enterprises, including their characteristic data, government support data and patent data. Negative binomial regression was used to quantitatively examine the relationship between government support and the innovation performance of firms.

Findings

– Both vertical support in the form of direct research and development (R&D) subsidies and horizontal support in the form of regional innovation policy positively influence the innovation performance of firms. In addition, direct R&D subsidies are more likely to experience the enhanced benefits of carrying out tax credit policy on the innovation performance of firms.

Originality/value

– This study contributed to the innovation literature by distinguishing two types of government support, namely, vertical support and horizontal support, and assessing the effects of government support on firm innovation in the Chinese context.
Organizational learning, absorptive capacity, imitation and innovation
Authors: Song Zhi-hong
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among organizational learning, absorptive capacity, imitation and innovation in the Chinese context.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on the organizational learning theory and innovation theory, the paper presents a framework linking organizational learning, absorptive capacity, imitation and innovation. Using a key informant technique, a survey questionnaire was designed and sent to the middle or top management managers of 115 firms located in Peking, People’s Republic (PR) of China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation procedures was applied to test the hypotheses developed in the research.

Findings

– The empirical results show that both organizational learning and absorptive capacity have positive impacts on innovation; imitation has a positive impact on absorptive capacity; absorptive capacity mediates the relationship between imitation and innovation.

Practical implications

– This study has implications for firms aiming to enhance innovation by organizational learning, absorptive capacity and imitation.

Originality/value

– Despite the number of studies concerning organizational learning, absorptive capacity, imitation and innovation, research that encompasses the interrelationships between the four concepts simultaneously remains scarce. The paper provides a framework linking organizational learning, imitation, absorptive capacity and innovation, and it advances the argument that absorptive capacity is an important factor in predicting the Chinese firms’ transition from imitation to innovation.
Gravimetric monitoring of the first field‐wide steam injection in a fractured carbonate field in Oman – a feasibility study
Authors: Glegola Marcin , Ditmar Pavel , Vossepoel Femke , Arts Rob , Al‐Kindy Fahad , Klees Roland
Published: March 2015

Gas‐Oil Gravity Drainage is to be enhanced by steam injection in a highly fractured, low permeability carbonate field in Oman. Following a successful pilot, field‐wide steam injection is being implemented, first of this type in the world. A dedicated monitoring program has been designed to track changes in the reservoir. Various observations are to be acquired, including, surface deformation, temperature measurements, microseismic, well logs, pressure and saturation measurements to monitor the reservoir. Because significant changes in the reservoir density are expected, time‐lapse gravimetry is also being considered. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of gravimetric monitoring of the thermally enhanced gravity drainage process at the carbonate field in Oman. For this purpose, forward gravity modelling is performed. Based on field groundwater measurements, the estimates of the hydrological signal are considered and it is investigated under what conditions the groundwater influences can be minimized. Using regularized inversion of synthetic gravity data, we analyse the achievable accuracy of heat‐front position estimates. In case of large groundwater variations at the field, the gravity observations can be significantly affected and, consequently, the accuracy of heat‐front monitoring can be deteriorated. We show that, by applying gravity corrections based on local observations of groundwater, the hydrological influences can to a large extent be reduced and the accuracy of estimates can be improved. We conclude that gravimetric monitoring of the heat‐front evolution has a great potential.
How Subprime Borrowers and Mortgage Brokers Shared the Pie
Authors: Berndt Antje , Hollifield Burton , Sandås Patrik
Published: March 2015

We develop an equilibrium model for origination fees charged by mortgage brokers and show how the equilibrium fee distribution depends on borrowers' valuation for their loans and their information about fees. We use noncrossing quantile regressions and data from a large subprime lender to estimate conditional fee distributions. Given the fee distribution, we identify the distributions of borrower valuations and informedness. The level of informedness is higher for larger loans and in better educated neighborhoods. We quantify the fraction of the surplus from the mortgage that goes to the broker, and how it decreases as the borrower becomes more informed.
Distribution of ∆9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol and 11‐Nor‐9‐Carboxy‐∆9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol Acid in Postmortem Biological Fluids and Tissues From Pilots Fatally Injured in Aviation Accidents
Authors: Kemp Philip M. , Cardona Patrick S. , Chaturvedi Arvind K. , Soper John W.
Published: March 2015

Little is known of the postmortem distribution of ∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its major metabolite, 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH). Data from 55 pilots involved in fatal aviation accidents are presented in this study. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis obtained mean THC concentrations in blood from multiple sites, liver, lung, and kidney of 15.6 ng/mL, 92.4 ng/g, 766.0 ng/g, 44.1 ng/g and mean THCCOOH concentrations of 35.9 ng/mL, 322.4 ng/g, 42.6 ng/g, 138.5 ng/g, respectively. Heart THC concentrations (two cases) were 184.4 and 759.3 ng/g, and corresponding THCCOOH measured 11.0 and 95.9 ng/g, respectively. Muscle concentrations for THC (two cases) were 16.6 and 2.5 ng/g; corresponding THCCOOH, “confirmed positive” and 1.4 ng/g. The only brain tested in this study showed no THC detected and 2.9 ng/g THCCOOH, low concentrations that correlated with low values in other specimens from this case. This research emphasizes the need for postmortem cannabinoid testing and demonstrates the usefulness of a number of tissues, most notably lung, for these analyses.
Dissecting Thoracic Aortic Hematoma Masquerading as Blunt Force Injury of the Neck
Authors: Wiens Andrea L. , Felo Joseph A.
Published: March 2015

Discoloration of the skin of the anterior and lateral neck may raise suspicion for blunt force injury, particularly cervical compression, in an unwitnessed death. We present a case of an elderly woman with an unwitnessed death at home which highlights an external examination finding of blue/purple discoloration of the skin of the neck and links this finding with those from internal examination at autopsy. Pertinent negatives include absence of conjunctival and mucosal petechiae, absence of cutaneous abrasions of the neck, and absence of contusions of the anterior neck musculature. This case illustrates a natural disease entity, spontaneous dissection of a thoracic aortic hematoma, masquerading as blunt force injury externally and highlights the importance of having an appropriate index of suspicion when triaging jurisdictional cases for postmortem examination to accurately determine cause and manner of death.