bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Xiang Rong , Inoue Taiki , Zheng Yongjia , Kumamoto Akihito , Qian Yang , Sato Yuta , Liu Ming , Tang Daiming , Gokhale Devashish , Guo Jia , Hisama Kaoru , Yotsumoto Satoshi , Ogamoto Tatsuro , Arai Hayato , Kobayashi Yu , Zhang Hao , Hou Bo , Anisimov Anton , Maruyama Mina , Miyata Yasumitsu , Okada Susumu , Chiashi Shohei , Li Yan , Kong Jing , Kauppinen Esko I. , Ikuhara Yuichi , Suenaga Kazu , Maruyama Shigeo
Published: January 2020

Growing coaxial nanotubes

Heterostructures of highly crystalline two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS
2
) are now routinely assembled from films or grown as layers. Xiang
et al.
report the growth of one-dimensional analogs of these heterostructures on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through a chemical vapor deposition (see the Perspective by Gogotsi and Yakobson). Single-crystalline monolayers or multilayers of hBN or MoS
2
were grown that maintained the electrical conductivity of the SWCNT. A monolayer of MoS
2
was grown on a trilayer of hBN that encapsulated a SWCNT.

Science
, this issue p.
537
; see also p.
506
Catalyst-controlled doubly enantioconvergent coupling of racemic alkyl nucleophiles and electrophiles
Authors: Huo Haohua , Gorsline Bradley J. , Fu Gregory C.
Published: January 2020

Convergent coupling

Metal-catalyzed coupling of two flat aromatic rings is one of the most versatile and widely applied chemical reactions. Efforts to extend this protocol to alkyl-alkyl coupling are complicated by the prospect of forming two different three-dimensional configurations at each carbon center, corresponding to four possible products. Huo
et al.
now report that a chiral nickel catalyst can convergently link two mirror-image pairs of alkyl reactants into just one product (see the Perspective by Xu and Watson). The specific reaction couples propargylic halides to zinc-activated aliphatic amides.

Science
, this issue p.
559
; see also p.
509
Progress in natural capital accounting for ecosystems
Authors: Hein Lars , Bagstad Kenneth J. , Obst Carl , Edens Bram , Schenau Sjoerd , Castillo Gem , Soulard Francois , Brown Claire , Driver Amanda , Bordt Michael , Steurer Anton , Harris Rocky , Caparrós Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Global statistical standards are being developed
Cooling of a levitated nanoparticle to the motional quantum ground state
Authors: Delić Uroš , Reisenbauer Manuel , Dare Kahan , Grass David , Vuletić Vladan , Kiesel Nikolai , Aspelmeyer Markus
Published: January 2020

A nanoparticle trapped and cooled

Cooling massive particles to the quantum ground state allows fundamental tests of quantum mechanics to be made; it would provide an experimental probe of the boundary between the classical and quantum worlds. Delić
et al.
laser-cooled an optically trapped solid-state object (a ∼150-nanometer-diameter silic a nanoparticle) into its quantum ground state of motion starting from room temperature. Because the object is levitated using optical forces, the experimental configuration can be switched to free fall, thereby providing a test bed for several macroscopic quantum experiments.

Science
, this issue p.
892
Adaptive and Mutational Responses to Peptide Dendrimer Antimicrobials in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ben Jeddou Fatma , Falconnet Léna , Luscher Alexandre , Siriwardena Thissa , Reymond Jean-Louis , van Delden Christian , Köhler Thilo
Published: January 2020

Colistin (polymyxin E) is a last-resort antibiotic against multidrug-resistant isolates of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. However, the nephro-toxicity of colistin limits its use, spurring the interest in novel antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Here, we show that the synthetic AMP-dendrimer G3KL (MW 4,531.38 Da, 15 positive charges, MIC = 8 mg/liter) showed faster killing than polymyxin B (Pmx-B) with no detectable resistance selection in
P. aeruginosa
strain PA14.
Deciphering the Bifidobacterial Populations within the Canine and Feline Gut Microbiota
Authors: Alessandri Giulia , Milani Christian , Mancabelli Leonardo , Longhi Giulia , Anzalone Rosaria , Lugli Gabriele Andrea , Duranti Sabrina , Turroni Francesca , Ossiprandi Maria Cristina , van Sinderen Douwe , Ventura Marco
Published: January 2020

Currently, domesticated dogs and cats are the most cherished companion animals for humans, and concerns about their health and well-being are therefore important. In this context, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining and promoting host health. However, despite the social relevance of domesticated dogs and cats, their intestinal microbial communities are still far from being completely understood. In this study, the taxonomical composition of canine and feline gut microbiota was explored at genus and bifidobacterial species levels, allowing classification of these microbial populations into distinct gut community state types at either of the two investigated taxonomic levels. Furthermore, the reconstruction of core gut microbiota coupled with covariance network analysis based on bifidobacterial internally transcribed spacer (ITS) profiling revealed differences in the bifidobacterial compositions of canine and feline gut microbiota, suggesting that particular bifidobacterial species have developed a selective ability to colonize a specific host.
Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus
Authors: Wan Yushun , Shang Jian , Graham Rachel , Baric Ralph S. , Li Fang
Published: January 2020

The recent emergence of Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV) puts the world on alert. 2019-nCoV is reminiscent of the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002 to 2003. Our decade-long structural studies on the receptor recognition by SARS-CoV have identified key interactions between SARS-CoV spike protein and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV. One of the goals of SARS-CoV research was to build an atomic-level iterative framework of virus-receptor interactions to facilitate epidemic surveillance, predict species-specific receptor usage, and identify potential animal hosts and animal models of viruses. Based on the sequence of 2019-nCoV spike protein, we apply this predictive framework to provide novel insights into the receptor usage and likely host range of 2019-nCoV. This study provides a robust test of this reiterative framework, providing the basic, translational, and public health research communities with predictive insights that may help study and battle this novel 2019-nCoV.
Unravelling the Stability and Capsid Dynamics of the Three Virions of Brome Mosaic Virus Assembled Autonomously
In Vivo
Authors: Chakravarty Antara , Reddy Vijay S. , Rao A. L. N.
Published: January 2020

The majority of viruses contain RNA genomes protected by a shell of capsid proteins. Although crystallographic studies show that viral capsids are static structures, accumulating evidence suggests that, in solution, virions are highly dynamic assemblies. The three genomic RNAs (RNA1, -2, and -3) and a single subgenomic RNA (RNA4) of Brome mosaic virus (BMV), an RNA virus pathogenic to plants, are distributed among three physically homogeneous virions. This study examines the thermal stability by differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) and capsid dynamics by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analyses following trypsin digestion of the three virions assembled separately
in vivo
using the
Agrobacterium
-mediated transient expression approach. The results provide compelling evidence that virions packaging genomic RNA1 and -2 are distinct from those copackaging RNA3 and -4 in their stability and dynamics, suggesting that RNA-dependent capsid dynamics play an important biological role in the viral life cycle.
ATR-16 syndrome: mechanisms linking monosomy to phenotype
Authors: Babbs Christian , Brown Jill , Horsley Sharon W , Slater Joanne , Maifoshie Evie , Kumar Shiwangini , Ooijevaar Paul , Kriek Marjolein , Dixon-McIver Amanda , Harteveld Cornelis L , Traeger-Synodinos Jan , Wilkie Andrew O M , Higgs Douglas R , Buckle Veronica J
Published: January 2020

Background

Deletions removing 100s–1000s kb of DNA, and variable numbers of poorly characterised genes, are often found in patients with a wide range of developmental abnormalities. In such cases, understanding the contribution of the deletion to an individual’s clinical phenotype is challenging.

Methods

Here, as an example of this common phenomenon, we analysed 41 patients with simple deletions of ~177 to ~2000 kb affecting one allele of the well-characterised, gene dense, distal region of chromosome 16 (16p13.3), referred to as ATR-16 syndrome. We characterised deletion extents and screened for genetic background effects, telomere position effect and compensatory upregulation of hemizygous genes.

Results

We find the risk of developmental and neurological abnormalities arises from much smaller distal chromosome 16 deletions (~400 kb) than previously reported. Beyond this, the severity of ATR-16 syndrome increases with deletion size, but there is no evidence that critical regions determine the developmental abnormalities associated with this disorder. Surprisingly, we find no evidence of telomere position effect or compensatory upregulation of hemizygous genes; however, genetic background effects substantially modify phenotypic abnormalities.

Conclusions

Using ATR-16 as a general model of disorders caused by CNVs, we show the degree to which individuals with contiguous gene syndromes are affected is not simply related to the number of genes deleted but depends on their genetic background. We also show there is no critical region defining the degree of phenotypic abnormalities in ATR-16 syndrome and this has important implications for genetic counselling.
Pyridazinones from maleic hydrazide: a new substrate for the Mitsunobu reaction
Authors: Rodriguez Christina , Kiriakopoulos Rachel , Hiscock Lana K. , Schroeder Zachary , Dawe Louise N.
Published: January 2020

Crystal engineered organic frameworks assembled using hydrogen bonding are known, and examples constructed from hydroxypyridine/pyridone as the dominant source of hydrogen bonding have been reported. Less explored are analogous systems based on maleic hydrazide. Herein, a two-step route (Mitsunobu followed by Schiff base reactions) to asymmetrically substituted pyridazinones from maleic hydrazide (step 1) is reported with 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (step 2). Upon reaction with 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, single crystals suitable for analysis via X-ray diffraction were obtained. Careful examination of this solid state structure and comparison with a large number of related structures in the Cambridge Structural Database revealed a pyridazinone (vs. pyridazinol) core and persistent [Formula: see text] “head-to-tail” hydrogen bonded dimers. Although these pyridazinones were originally considered suitable for use as ligands for metal cation coordination, challenges in achieving this outcome were encountered.
NuRadioMC: simulating the radio emission of neutrinos from interaction to detector
Authors: Glaser C. , García-Fernández D. , Nelles A. , Alvarez-Muñiz J. , Barwick S. W. , Besson D. Z. , Clark B. A. , Connolly A. , Deaconu C. , de Vries K. D. , Hanson J. C. , Hokanson-Fasig B. , Lahmann R. , Latif U. , Kleinfelder S. A. , Persichilli C. , Pan Y. , Pfendner C. , Plaisier I. , Seckel D. , Torres J. , Toscano S. , van Eijndhoven N. , Vieregg A. , Welling C. , Winchen T. , Wissel S. A.
Published: January 2020

is a Monte Carlo framework designed to simulate ultra-high energy neutrino detectors that rely on the radio detection method. This method exploits the radio emission generated in the electromagnetic component of a particle shower following a neutrino interaction. simulates everything from the neutrino interaction in a medium, the subsequent Askaryan radio emission, the propagation of the radio signal to the detector and finally the detector response. is designed as a modern, modular Python-based framework, combining flexibility in detector design with user-friendliness. It includes a state-of-the-art event generator, an improved modelling of the radio emission, a revisited approach to signal propagation and increased flexibility and precision in the detector simulation. This paper focuses on the implemented physics processes and their implications for detector design. A variety of models and parameterizations for the radio emission of neutrino-induced showers are compared and reviewed. Comprehensive examples are used to discuss the capabilities of the code and different aspects of instrumental design decisions.
Flow instability of cylinder embedded within two-parallel moving walls of cuboidal cavity at different radii sizes
Authors: Souayeh Basma
Published: January 2020

A computational analysis has been performed to study the flow instability of two-parallel wall motions in a Cuboidal enclosure incorporated by a cylinder under different radii sizes. A numerical methodology based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and a full Multigrid acceleration is utilized in this paper. Left and right parallel walls of the cavity are maintained driven and all the other walls completing the domain are motionless. Different radii sizes ([Formula: see text], 0.1, 0.125, 0.15 and 0.175) are employed encompassing descriptive Reynolds numbers that range three orders of magnitude 100, 400 and 800 for the steady state. The obtained results show positions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of the inner cylinder promote cell distortion. Also, when the radius equates to [Formula: see text], it may lead to the birth of tertiary cells at [Formula: see text] which are more developed for [Formula: see text]. Thereafter, analysis of the flow evolution shows that with increasing Re beyond a certain critical value, the flow becomes unstable and undergoes a Hopf bifurcation. A nonuniform variation with the radius size of the inner cylinder is observed. Otherwise said, elongating the radius of the cylinder leads to decrease in the critical Reynolds number. Hence, the acceleration of the unsteadiness is realized. On the other hand, by further increasing Reynolds number more than the critical value from 1200 to 2100, we note that the kinetic energy is monotonously increasing with Reynolds number and a stronger motion in the velocity near the rear wall of the enclosure is observed. Furthermore, the symmetry of flow patterns observed in the steady state has been lost. Therefore, a systematic description of various effects illuminating the optimum geometrical parameters to achieve effective flow behavior in those systems has been successfully established through this paper.
A computational model for blood perfusion in ischemic strokes
Authors: Zhang Lanhua , Wang Tao , Yang Mingfeng , Xue Shaowei , Li Yujuan , Wang Mei , Sun Baoliang
Published: January 2020

Quantitative analysis is vital for blood perfusion in ischemic stroke validating and predicting blood trend to refer and remedy on selection, operation and intervention. We leveraged the complex network modeling blood perfusion to pursue the changes and trends of blood flow in ischemic stroke. According to conversion of the flow chart from laser Doppler perfusion images of rats into the correlation matrix, the blood perfusion networks were formed and topology characters were quantitatively analyzed. The results verified the steal phenomenon and the compensatory ability in the vessel injury in accord with clinical indexes by the basic characters and efficiency, especially the interesting local efficiency. In addition, the outcomes exhibited consistently the small-world characters in the brain of rats. This computational model strengthened the new way of blood perfusion and potential predictions for stroke’s assessment, operation and prevention from the basic vascular dynamic indexes and complex networks.
WAGE INEQUALITY, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND EXPORT-ORIENTED POLICY
Authors: LO CHU-PING
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a simple model to address why openness to trade increases the dispersion in wages, unemployment, and capital intensity. However, the dispersion is stronger for developing countries. We argue that the export-oriented policy that most developing countries have widely adopted in recent decades, amplifies the dispersion in these countries. This paper also helps explain the conflicting evidence between two groups of developing countries: East Asian and Latin American. In comparison to the latter, the former has a track record since the 1960s of a miraculous performance in narrowing wage inequality and unemployment by practicing export-oriented policies.
LOCAL BARGAINING IN POLICY PILOTS IN CHINA — THE CASE OF RURAL LAND MARKETIZATION IN DEQING, ZHEJIANG
Authors: LI GAN , LI BINGQIN
Published: January 2020

In China, policy pilots are not about implementation; it is meant to establish new institutions, adopting new practices or finding new solutions that may not be officially endorsed or publicly recognized yet. Pilots are also not “experiments” in which interventions are clearly designed and executed under strict control. It is to some extent a form of muddling through with both central and local contributions. In this paper, we examine the local government’s role in a land pilot scheme in Deqing County in Zhejiang Province since 2015 to examine the relationship between the central and local governments.
INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY AND FOOD SECURITY
Authors: SUBRAMANIAM YOGEESWARI , MASRON TAJUL ARIFFIN , SUBRAMANIAM THIRUNAUKARASU
Published: January 2020

The world produces countless tonnes of food to feed everyone, yet the numbers of people who suffer from hunger remain high, especially in developing countries. This issue may highlight the importance of institutions as a foundation for the issue of food security. Hence, this study investigates the role of institutions on food supply in a panel of 56 developing countries. The dynamic generalized methods of moments results indicate that institutional factor plays a vital role in improving the availability of food and access to nutritious food for all people, thereby ameliorating the food supply problem. Therefore, the overall result suggests that policy-makers should improve the level of institutional quality so that it can form the fundamental ground toward alleviating hunger and improving the food supply.
FORECASTING WAGES INEQUALITY IN RESPONSE OF TRADE OPENNESS IN PAKISTAN: AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH
Authors: ULLAH IRFAN , QIAN XUEFENG , SHAH MUHAMMAD HAROON , REHMAN ALAM , ALI SHER , AHMED ZEESHAN
Published: January 2020

Pakistan liberalized its trade in different regimes and the recent trade reforms is CPEC project which is expected to reduce wages inequality of skilled and unskilled labor. This study forecasts wages inequality as a result of trade openness in Pakistan by using artificial neural network approach for the period 1991–2017. The empirical outcomes revealed that trade liberalization is influential factor for reducing wages inequality in Pakistan, and the forecasting results for 2019–2026 show a dynamic trend of wages inequality in the response to trade liberalization; however, in many of the years, the positive implication has been witnessed for the inequality.
ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY ON BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN TAIWAN AND INDONESIA
Authors: CHIEN MEI-SE , SETYOWATI NUR , CHENG CHIH-YANG
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the effect of exchange rate volatility on bilateral trade between Taiwan and Indonesia via 19 export and import industries. Considering the existence of an asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on trade, we employ an asymmetric ARDL model and arrive at the following main results. First, the long-run asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility shows far higher impacts on Taiwan’s exports to Indonesia than on Taiwan’s imports from Indonesia. Second, the short-run asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility causes unstable changes on the trade amounts for most of Taiwan’s export and import industries with Indonesia.
Cosmological correlators, In–In formalism and double copy
Authors: Fazio A. R.
Published: January 2020

We are investigating if the double copy structure as product of scattering amplitudes of gauge theories applies to cosmological correlators computed, in a class of theories for inflation, by the operatorial version of the In–In formalism of Schwinger–Keldysh. We consider tree-level momentum–space correlators involving primordial gravitational waves with different polarizations and the scalar curvature fluctuations on a three-dimensional fixed spatial slice. The correlators are sum of terms factorized in a time-dependent scalar factor, which takes into account the curved background where energy is not conserved, and in a so-called tensor factor, constructed by polarization tensors. In the latter, we recognize scattering amplitudes in four-dimensional Minkowski space spanned by three points gravitational amplitudes related by double copy to those of gauge theories. Our study indicates that gravitational waves are double copy of gluons and the primordial scalar curvature is double copy of a scalar with Higgs-like interactions.
New Algorithms in RNA Structure Prediction Based on BHG
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Li Gang , Liu Jun S.
Published: January 2020

There are some NP-hard problems in the prediction of RNA structures. Prediction of RNA folding structure in RNA nucleotide sequence remains an unsolved challenge. We investigate the computing algorithm in RNA folding structural prediction based on extended structure and basin hopping graph, it is a computing mode of basin hopping graph in RNA folding structural prediction including pseudoknots. This study presents the predicting algorithm based on extended structure, it also proposes an improved computing algorithm based on barrier tree and basin hopping graph, which are the attractive approaches in RNA folding structural prediction. Many experiments have been implemented in Rfam14.1 database and PseudoBase database, the experimental results show that our two algorithms are efficient and accurate than the other existing algorithms.
Towards Wide Range Tracking of Head Scanning Movement in Driving
Authors: Wang Shuhang , Li Jianfeng , Yang Pengshuai , Gao Tianxiao , Bowers Alex R. , Luo Gang
Published: January 2020

Gaining environmental awareness through lateral head scanning (yaw rotations) is important for driving safety, especially when approaching intersections. Therefore, head scanning movements could be an important behavioral metric for driving safety research and driving risk mitigation systems. Tracking head scanning movements with a single in-car camera is preferred hardware-wise, but it is very challenging to track the head over almost a [Formula: see text] range. In this paper, we investigate two state-of-the-art methods, a multi-loss deep residual learning method with 50 layers (multi-loss ResNet-50) and an ORB feature-based simultaneous localization and mapping method (ORB-SLAM). While deep learning methods have been extensively studied for head pose detection, this is the first study in which SLAM has been employed to innovatively track head scanning over a very wide range. Our laboratory experimental results showed that ORB-SLAM was more accurate than multi-loss ResNet-50, which often failed when many facial features were not in the view. On the contrary, ORB-SLAM was able to continue tracking as it does not rely on particular facial features. Testing with real driving videos demonstrated the feasibility of using ORB-SLAM for tracking large lateral head scans in naturalistic video data.
Scalar spectral index in the presence of Primordial Black Holes
Authors: Gupta Gaveshna , Sharma Ramkishor , Seshadri T. R.
Published: January 2020

We study the cosmological consequences of energy injection from the evaporation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) that are formed due to the collapse of the inhomogeneities that were generated during inflation in the early universe. By using the current results of the baryon–photon ratio obtained from BBN and CMB observations, we impose constraints on the spectral index of perturbations on those small scales that cannot be estimated through CMB anisotropy and CMB distortions. The masses of the PBHs constrained in this study lie in the range of [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g, which corresponds to those PBHs whose maximal evaporation took place during the redshifts [Formula: see text]. It is shown that the upper bound on the scalar spectral index, [Formula: see text] can be constrained for a given threshold value, [Formula: see text], of the curvature perturbations for PBHs formation. Using Planck results for cosmological parameters, we obtained [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], respectively. The density fraction that has contributed to the formation of PBHs has also been estimated.
Core polarization effects up to 12ℏω in 7Li and 10B nuclei
Authors: Salman Adie D. , Tilab Noor T. , Al-Ramahi Samah A. , Hossain I.
Published: January 2020

Shell model and core polarization (CP) effects have been used to calculate the transverse and longitudinal electron scattering form factors for 7Li and [Formula: see text]B nuclei. The calculations considered one particle–one hole excitation up to 12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. This manner seems to be essential for obtaining the best explanation for empirical results. Therefore, adding the excited states up to 12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] gives a reasonable description for transverse and longitudinal form factors. Furthermore, with these calculations, it is possible to get a very close location of diffraction minimum, and the behavior of the momentum transfer is described properly at the high configuration for 7Li compared with 6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] energy.
The neutron within the deuteron as a surrogate for neutron-induced reactions
Authors: Bertulani C. A. , Canto L. F. , Hussein M. S. , Shubhchintak  , Nhan Hao T. V.
Published: January 2020

We propose the use of neutron poisons in reactions induced by radioactive beams as a test of theoretical models aiming to relate neutron capture in nuclei with neutron surrogate reactions such as ([Formula: see text]) reactions. We exploit the approximations necessary to obtain a direct relation between the two reactions: surrogate versus neutron capture. We also show how this is intimately related to the momentum distribution of the neutron within the deuteron. The models we use are based on the theory of inclusive breakup reactions commonly employed in the treatment of incomplete fusion and surrogate method. Such theories were developed in the 1980s by Ichimura, Austern and Vincent [Phys. Rev. C 32 (1985) 431], Udagawa and Tamura [Phys. Rev. C 24 (1981) 1348] and Hussein and McVoy [Nucl. Phys. A 445 (1985) 124]. We use these theories to derive an expression for the proton yield in the reaction [Formula: see text]. The capture reaction [Formula: see text] is then extracted using reasonable approximations. By recalling an old method proposed by Serber [Phys. Rev. 80 (1950) 1098; Proc. Roy. Soc. A 208 (1951) 559] we explain how the momentum distribution of neutrons within the deuteron will depend on the short-range dependence of the nucleon–nucleon force. The relevance of our work to nucleosynthesis in the rapid neutron capture process is emphasized.
A Multi-Attention Matching Model for Multiple-Choice Reading Comprehension
Authors: Duan Liguo , Gao Jianying , Li Aiping
Published: January 2020

The Multi-choice machine reading comprehension, selecting the correct answer in the candidate answers, requires obtaining the interaction semantics between the given passage and the question. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model. It employs Bi-GRU to contextually encode passages and question, and specifically models complex interactions between the given passage and the question by six kinds of attention functions, including the concatenated attention, the bilinear attention, the element-wise dot attention, minus attention and bi-directional attentions of Query2Context, Context2Query. Then, we use the multi-level attention transfer reasoning mechanism to focus on further obtaining more accurate comprehensive semantics. To demonstrate the validity of our model, we performed experiments on the large reading comprehension data set RACE. The experimental results show that our model surpasses many state-of-the-art systems on the RACE data set and has good reasoning ability.
MULTIPLIER OPTIMIZATION FOR CONSTANT PROPORTION PORTFOLIO INSURANCE (CPPI) STRATEGY
Authors: BIEDOVA OLGA , STEBLOVSKAYA VICTORIA
Published: January 2020

Constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) strategy is a very popular investment solution which provides an investor with a capital protection as well as allows for an equity market participation. In this paper, we propose a two-step approach to the numerical optimization of the CPPI main parameter, multiplier. First, we identify an admissible range of the multiplier values by controlling the shortfall probability (chosen as a measure of the gap risk). Second, within the admissible range, we choose the optimal multiplier value with respect to the omega ratio (chosen as a performance measure). We illustrate the performance of our optimization algorithm on simulated CPPI paths in the Black–Scholes environment with discrete trading as well as on the historical S&P500 data using the block-bootstrap simulations.
Galois groups as quotients of Polish groups
Authors: Krupiński Krzysztof , Rzepecki Tomasz
Published: January 2020

We present the (Lascar) Galois group of any countable theory as a quotient of a compact Polish group by an [Formula: see text] normal subgroup: in general, as a topological group, and under NIP, also in terms of Borel cardinality. This allows us to obtain similar results for arbitrary strong types defined on a single complete type over [Formula: see text]. As an easy conclusion of our main theorem, we get the main result of [K. Krupiński, A. Pillay and T. Rzepecki, Topological dynamics and the complexity of strong types, Israel J. Math. 228 (2018) 863–932] which says that for any strong type defined on a single complete type over [Formula: see text], smoothness is equivalent to type-definability. We also explain how similar results are obtained in the case of bounded quotients of type-definable groups. This gives us a generalization of a former result from the paper mentioned above about bounded quotients of type-definable subgroups of definable groups.
H(D)+LiH+→H2(HD)+Li+ reaction dynamics on its ground electronic state X1A1 and vector correlations
Authors: Li Ya-Min , Lei Ya
Published: January 2020

Dynamics of the [Formula: see text] reaction has been investigated by means of quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations on the ground state X1A1 potential energy surface. The H2 (HD) product rotational alignment parameters as well as the angular distributions show that the reaction is dominated by fast abstraction reaction mechanism. The reaction evolving scenario is proposed so that the product rotational angular moment tends to be perpendicular to the reactant velocity vector. The rupture time is inferred near to or less than within one rotational period. We predicted that the increasing collision energy cannot be channeled into the product vibrational excitation effectively. This can help for further experimental tests.
Analysis of the Grinding Characteristics of β-Ga2O3 Crystal on Different Planes
Authors: Zhou Hai , Wei Jiahui , Song Fang , Li Yongkang , Huang Chuanjin , Xu Tongtong , Xu Xiaoming
Published: January 2020

The (010) and (100) planes of a [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 crystal were subjected to precision grinding tests with a resin bond diamond grinding wheel on a precision surface grinding machine. The grinding characteristics and surface grinding quality of the planes of the [Formula: see text]-Ga2O3 crystal were analyzed on the basis of grinding force, grinding force ratio, specific energy, and surface morphology. The (010) plane shows a larger grinding force and specific energy but a smaller grinding force ratio compared with the (100) plane. Under experimental conditions, the normal and tangential grinding forces of the (010) plane are 1.4–2.2 and 2.6–7.8 times that of the (100) plane, respectively. The specific energy of the (010) plane is 2.8–6.1 times that of the (100) plane, and the grinding force ratio of the (100) plane is 1.4–3.7 times that of the (010) plane. Under the same grinding conditions, the material removal methods for the two planes are evidently different. The (010) plane is mainly removed by brittle fracture and accompanied by a minimal broken area, whereas the (100) plane is mainly removed by cleavage layering and exhibits numerous block cleavage. The (100) plane is the strong cleavage surface, and the (100) plane demonstrates a higher surface roughness than the (010) plane under the same grinding conditions.
Time series computational prediction of vaccines for influenza A H3N2 with recurrent neural networks
Authors: Yin Rui , Zhang Yu , Zhou Xinrui , Kwoh Chee Keong
Published: January 2020

Influenza viruses are persistently threatening public health, causing annual epidemics and sporadic pandemics due to rapid viral evolution. Vaccines are used to prevent influenza infections but the composition of the influenza vaccines have to be updated regularly to ensure its efficacy. Computational tools and analyses have become increasingly important in guiding the process of vaccine selection. By constructing time-series training samples with splittings and embeddings, we develop a computational method for predicting suitable strains as the recommendation of the influenza vaccines using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The Encoder-decoder architecture of RNN model enables us to perform sequence-to-sequence prediction. We employ this model to predict the prevalent sequence of the H3N2 viruses sampled from 2006 to 2017. The identity between our predicted sequence and recommended vaccines is greater than 98% and the [Formula: see text] indicates their antigenic similarity. The multi-step vaccine prediction further demonstrates the robustness of our method which achieves comparable results in contrast to single step prediction. The results show significant matches of the recommended vaccine strains to the circulating strains. We believe it would facilitate the process of vaccine selection and surveillance of seasonal influenza epidemics.
Sorting permutations by fragmentation-weighted operations
Authors: Alexandrino Alexsandro Oliveira , Lintzmayer Carla Negri , Dias Zanoni
Published: January 2020

One of the main problems in Computational Biology is to find the evolutionary distance among species. In most approaches, such distance only involves rearrangements, which are mutations that alter large pieces of the species’ genome. When we represent genomes as permutations, the problem of transforming one genome into another is equivalent to the problem of Sorting Permutations by Rearrangement Operations. The traditional approach is to consider that any rearrangement has the same probability to happen, and so, the goal is to find a minimum sequence of operations which sorts the permutation. However, studies have shown that some rearrangements are more likely to happen than others, and so a weighted approach is more realistic. In a weighted approach, the goal is to find a sequence which sorts the permutations, such that the cost of that sequence is minimum. This work introduces a new type of cost function, which is related to the amount of fragmentation caused by a rearrangement. We present some results about the lower and upper bounds for the fragmentation-weighted problems and the relation between the unweighted and the fragmentation-weighted approach. Our main results are 2-approximation algorithms for five versions of this problem involving reversals and transpositions. We also give bounds for the diameters concerning these problems and provide an improved approximation factor for simple permutations considering transpositions.
Exploring the potential microRNA sponge interactions of breast cancer based on some known interactions
Authors: Tian Lei , Wang Shu-Lin
Published: January 2020

MicroRNA (miRNA) sponges’ regulatory mechanisms play an important role in developing human cancer. Herein, we develop a new method to explore potential miRNA sponge interactions (EPMSIs) for breast cancer. Based on some known interactions, and a matching gene expression profile, EPMSIs explored other potential miRNA sponge interactions for breast cancer. Every interaction is inferred with a value representing interaction intensity. Then, we apply a clustering algorithm called BCPlaid to potential interactions. Ten modules are identified; nine of them are closely associated with biological enrichments. When we employ a classification algorithm to separate normal and tumor samples in each module, each module demonstrates powerful classification performance. Furthermore, EPMSI illustrates a new method to explore the miRNA sponge regulatory network for breast cancer by applying its superior performance.
A novel pattern matching algorithm for genomic patterns related to protein motifs
Authors: Foroughmand-Araabi Mohammad-Hadi , Goliaei Sama , Goliaei Bahram
Published: January 2020

Background: Patterns on proteins and genomic sequences are vastly analyzed, extracted and collected in databases. Although protein patterns originate from genomic coding regions, very few works have directly or indirectly dealt with coding region patterns induced from protein patterns. Results: In this paper, we have defined a new genomic pattern structure suitable for representing induced patterns from proteins. The provided pattern structure, which is called “Consecutive Positions Scoring Matrix (CPSSM)”, is a replacement for protein patterns and profiles in the genomic context. CPSSMs can be identified, discovered, and searched in genomes. Then, we have presented a novel pattern matching algorithm between the defined genomic pattern and genomic sequences based on dynamic programming. In addition, we have modified the provided algorithm to support intronic gaps and huge sequences. We have implemented and tested the provided algorithm on real data. The results on Saccharomyces cerevisiae’s genome show 132% more true positives and no false negatives and the results on human genome show no false negatives and 10 times as many true positives as those in previous works. Conclusion: CPSSM and provided methods could be used for open reading frame detection and gene finding. The application is available with source codes to run and download at http://app.foroughmand.ir/cpssm/ .
Nonclassical noise features in a correlation plenoptic imaging setup
Authors: De Scisciolo Emiliana , Lena Francesco Di , Scagliola Alessio , Garuccio Augusto , Pepe Francesco V. , Avella Alessio , Ruo-Berchera Ivano , D’Angelo Milena
Published: January 2020

Sub-shot-noise imaging and correlation plenoptic imaging are two quantum imaging techniques that enable to overcome different problems of classical imaging systems. Combining the two techniques is not trivial, since the former is based on the detection of identical corresponding modes to subtract noise, while the latter requires the detection of different modes to perform directional reconstruction. In this paper, we experimentally show the possibility to obtain a noise-reduction factor smaller than one, a necessary condition to perform sub-shot-noise imaging, in a setup that can be adapted to correlation plenoptic imaging.
Superposition of causal orders for quantum discrimination of quantum processes
Authors: Koudia Seid , Gharbi Abdelhakim
Published: January 2020

We address the superposition of causal orders in the quantum switch as a convenient framework for quantum process discrimination in the presence of noise in qubit systems, using Bayes strategy. We show that, for different kinds of qubit noises, the indefinite causal order between the unitary to be discriminated and noise gives enhancement compared to the definite causal order case without reaching the ultimate bound of discrimination in general. Whereas, for entanglement breaking channels, the enhancement is significant, where the quantum switch allows for the attainability of the ultimate bound for discrimination posed by quantum mechanics. Memory effects escorting the superposition of causal orders are discussed, where we point out that processes describing an indefinite causal order, violate the notion of Markov locality. Accordingly, a suggestion for the simulation of indefinite causal orders in more generic scenarios beyond the quantum switch is given.
Normal bundle and Almgren’s geometric inequality for singular varieties of bounded mean curvature
Authors: Santilli Mario
Published: January 2020

In this paper we deal with a class of varieties of bounded mean curvature in the viscosity sense that has the remarkable property to contain the blow up sets of all sequences of varifolds whose mean curvatures are uniformly bounded and whose boundaries are uniformly bounded on compact sets. We investigate the second-order properties of these varieties, obtaining results that are new also in the varifold’s setting. In particular we prove that the generalized normal bundle of these varieties satisfies a natural Lusin (N) condition, a property that allows to prove a Coarea-type formula for their generalized Gauss map. Then we use this formula to extend a sharp geometric inequality of Almgren and the associated soap bubble theorem. As a consequence of the geometric inequality we obtain sufficient conditions to conclude that the area-blow-up set is empty for sequences of varifolds whose first variation is controlled.
Plastic Performance and Coordinated Design of Surface-Reinforced Sandwich Beams
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhou Peng
Published: January 2020

In this work, a surface-reinforced sandwich configuration with variable material layer is proposed to improve the plastic performance of sandwich structures in limited-space with the least cost, which is promoted by the hierarchy of human bone with multi-stiff layers outside the cellular core. First, a generalized yielding criterion and an analytical model for the large deflection of the fully clamped surface-reinforced sandwich beams under transverse loading are developed. Then, the comparison between finite element (FE) simulations and experimental results for surface-reinforced sandwich beams with varied geometric and physical properties of each material layers is presented, which verifies the accuracy of the theoretical solutions. Finally, the coordinated design of the surface-reinforced sandwich beam in limited-space is investigated and the synergistic effects of each material layer on the load carrying and energy absorption ability of the structure are discussed in detail. The results given in this paper provide theoretical guidance in plastic design of sandwich structures with multi-cover sheets as well as the selection of the face-sheet, the core and the reinforced skin.
A Novel Theoretical Approach for Estimation of Axial Crushing Behavior of Polygonal Hollow Sections
Authors: Malekshahi Ahmad , Shirazi Kourosh Heidari , Shishesaz Mohammad , Hosseini Mohammad
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present study was to introduce new crushing mechanisms in terms of crushing modes for estimating the crushing force and absorbed energy of polygonal thin walled metal sections subjected to axial progressive collapse. For this purpose, two models were developed. The first model, which has been extensively used before and named as “plastic hinge model” (PHM), was modified based on new crushing modes; and as the second, a novel model was introduced by the authors named as “induced curvature model” (ICM). The latter model was considered to be more realistic than the former due to consideration of metal sheet curvatures during progressive folding process, as well as including the hardening effect of the material during plastic deformation. All possible crushing modes for a typical polygonal section were considered and discussed by combining different crushing modes of the corner elements. New expressions for the absorbed energies and crushing force were presented based on the resulting crushing modes. To evaluate the validity and efficiency of the proposed models, a detailed FE simulation was conducted using LS-DYNA. Comparison of FEM, PHM and ICM results showed the superiority of the ICM over PHM.
Time-gated fluorescence imaging: Advances in technology and biological applications
Authors: Yang Wenzhao , Chen Sung-Liang
Published: January 2020

Time-gated (TG) fluorescence imaging (TGFI) has attracted increasing attention within the biological imaging community, especially during the past decade. With rapid development of light sources, image devices, and a variety of approaches for TG implementation, TGFI has demonstrated numerous biological applications ranging from molecules to tissues. The paper presents inclusive TG implementation mainly based on optical choppers and electronic units for synchronization of fluorescence excitation and emission, which also serves as guidelines for researchers to build suited TGFI systems for selected applications. Note that a special focus will be put on TG implementation based on optical choppers for TGFI of long-lived probes (lifetime range from microseconds to milliseconds). Biological applications by TG imaging of recently developed luminescent probes are described.
Intraoperative imaging of oral-maxillofacial lesions using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Yang Zihan , Shang Jianwei , Liu Chenlu , Zhang Jun , Hou Fang , Liang Yanmei
Published: January 2020

Histopathological examination is still the gold standard for diagnoses of oral-maxillofacial lesions, but it is invasive and time-consuming. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a kind of noninvasive, label-free, real-time and high-resolution imaging technology. In this study, in order to assess the feasibility of OCT in oral clinical application, fresh excised tissue specimens from 59 patients undergoing oral-maxillofacial surgery were imaged in detail by using a benchtop swept-source OCT system. It is shown that different lesions or tissues can be obviously distinguished based on their different microstructural features in OCT images, and the features are similar to those of their corresponding histopathological images. It is proven that OCT has great feasibility and potential as a diagnostic aid for surgeons in oral medicine.
L2-boundedness and L2-compactness of a class of semiclassical Fourier integral operators with operator symbol
Authors: Habel Nawel , Senoussaoui Abderrahmane
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we study the [Formula: see text]-boundedness and [Formula: see text]-compactness of a class of [Formula: see text]-Fourier integral operators ([Formula: see text]-FIOs) with operator symbol. Mainly, we prove that this class is [Formula: see text]-bounded (respectively, [Formula: see text]-compact) if the order function is bounded (respectively, tends to [Formula: see text]).