bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of PI3K Inhibition with Homologous Recombination Repair in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Guney Eskiler Gamze
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is observed in many types of human cancer including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Additionally, dysregulation in the homologous recombination (HR)-dependent DNA-repair is associated with TNBC phenotype due to BRCA1/2 mutations or HR deficiency. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study was to evaluate the association of PI3K inhibition with HR pathway in TNBC in terms of BRCA1 mutation status. Methods: To examine the potential therapeutic effect of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, on TNBC cell lines with known BRCA1 status, WST-1, annexin V, cell cycle analysis and AO/EB staining were performed. Additionally, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis was used to explore the interaction between the inhibition of PI3K and HR functionality. Results: The findings showed that LY294002 could significantly inhibited the proliferation of TNBC cells. Furthermore, the suppression of PI3K resulted in HR impairment by BRCA1 and RAD51 downregulation and apoptotic cell death by the induction of DNA damage and BAX overexpression. Therefore, LY294002 was more effective in BRCA1-deficient TNBC cells. Conclusions: Consequently, targeted therapies based on the interaction of PI3K inhibition with BRCA1 mutations or HR deficiency in TNBC may be a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with TNBC.
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A STATE-LEVEL ANALYSIS IN INDIA
Authors: Bhattacharyya Plabita
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the Study: The aim of the study is to find the causal relationship between public expenditure on education and the economic growth of 28 states of India. The paper tries to provide an answer to the research question of whether or not there exists any causal relationship between public expenditure on education and economic growth in the states of India. It also aims to investigate whether public expenditure creates economic growth or economic growth is the cause of public expenditure.

 Methodology: To examine the relationship between public expenditure on education and economic growth panel data of 28 states of India has been used in the study. To find the causal relation cointegration test has been applied. To examine the short-run and long-run dynamics between public expenditure on education and economic growth the study has adopted the Panel Vector Error Correction model.

Main Findings: The result of the study indicates that there exists a long-run relationship between public expenditure on education and economic growth. A unidirectional causality between Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and public expenditure on education is found in the long run. The meaning is that as growth takes place in the Indian states it pushes the government to increase its activities which stimulate an increase in public expenditure.

Applications of this study: This study can be useful for the formulation of government policy. It can also be useful for students and research scholars.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research work, a causal relationship is examined between economic growth and government expenditure especially in the education sector which is a major component of human resource development. All states are considered which are included in underdevelopment index and categorized as least developed; less developed and relatively developed states on the basis of some key socio-economic components.
La construcción jurisdiccional de los procesos de consulta de las comunidades indígenas y su aproximación al derecho a la información en México
Authors: Olivos F. Monserrat , Gómez R. Guillermo R.
Published: December 2019

Este artículo analiza los factores exógenos y endógenos que se han generado en el Estado mexicano para asegurar el derecho a la consulta libre, previa e informada, como derecho colectivo que permite el diálogo de los pueblos y comunidades indígenas a efecto de participar en las decisiones que puedan afectarlos directamente como puede ocurrir en sus instituciones, territorio, autonomía, libre determinación, autoridades, sistemas normativos, identidad, lengua o cultura. Entre los factores externos se advierte la oleada latinoamericana expansionista del reconocimiento de un corpus iuris indígena, que ha resultado significativa pero que no resuelve en su totalidad el eficaz ejercicio de los derechos puesto que se requieren de mayores garantías que permitan su cabal cumplimiento en todos los supuestos. Por su parte, dentro de los factores internos se analiza el proceso de reconocimiento de los derechos indígenas que incorpora precedentes jurisdiccionales que hacen evidentes las omisiones y la falta de voluntad política para la constitucionalización de los derechos indígenas y de la implementación de mecanismos que abonen a la dignificación de estos, a la coexistencia armónica de sistemas así como a asegurar el derecho a la información durante los procesos de implementación.
Bases metodológicas para el análisis del derecho del medio ambiente en su faz activa o direccional
Authors: Rojas Calderón Christian
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo se pretenden sentar las bases o fundamentos de un análisis que supere los estudios meramente orgánicos y procedimentales en el derecho del medio ambiente chileno –necesarios, pero no suficientes– para concentrarse en las consideraciones metodológicas que implican la acción estatal en materia medioambiental. Este estudio sostiene que esencialmente aquella se basa en la determinación, gestión y responsabilidad por los riesgos ambientales, lo que requiere un análisis complementario que encuentra una respuesta en la Regulación Basada en el Riesgo (RBR).
Budesonide ММХ in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: real world clinical practice
Authors: Makarchuk P. A. , Britkina O. S. , Belousova E. A.
Published: December 2019

Rationale: Mild and moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) is conventionally treated with oral and rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) formulations and, if ineffective, with systemic glucocorticosteroids. A huge disadvantage of systemic steroids is that with highly efficacy they have severe side effects and the development of hormone-dependency requiring their withdrawal. The main goal of UC treatment is to achieve clinical and endoscopic remission, and possibility to stop steroids. The introduction of multimatrix (MMX) budesonide (Cortiment®), a new topical steroid for UC treatment, widens the therapeutic armamentarium and allows in some cases to refrain from systemic agents, avoiding their side effects and achieving the necessary treatment goals.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of topical steroid budesonide MMX for remission induction of UC in the real clinical practice.

Materials and methods: We have analyzed 122 specially designed case report forms filled in from September 2018 to March 2019 in healthcare centers of Moscow, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Krasnodar, and Krasnoyarsk Regions of Russian Federation. The case report forms included anonymized data on the UC patients treated with budesonide MMX. The results of treatment were analyzed for various severity and extension of UC and depending on budesonide MMX monotherapy or combined therapy with rectal 5-ASA formulations. Treatment was considered effective if clinical and endoscopic remission was achieved.

Results: Total efficacy in terms of improvement of clinical parameters (improvement/remission) after 4 weeks of treatment was 95% (118 patients), with clinical remission induced in 42.6% (52 patients). Positive changes over time in the endoscopic findings (improvement/remission) within the same time period were observed in 93% (60 patients), with endoscopic remission in 24.1% (21 patients).

Conclusion: Budesonide MMX allows for a rapid clinical improvement and/or clinical remission in the majority of the patients with mild and moderate UC of predominantly left-sided location.
Changes in the morphology of erythrocytes after in vitro exposure of blood to carbon monoxide
Authors: Kozlova E. K. , Sergunova V. A. , Kozlov A. P. , Sherstyukova E. A. , Gudkova O. E.
Published: December 2019

Background: One of the pathological effects of carbon monoxide (CO) on blood is the formation of carboxyhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin completely blocks oxygen transfer; therefore, there is a net decrease in oxygen transport by red blood cells potentially resulting in tissue hypoxia. The effects of CO on blood can also damage cell membranes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been recognized as effective for investigation into the mechanisms of structural damage in erythrocyte membranes.Aim: By means of AFM, to identify characteristics of changes in morphology and aggregation of erythrocytes exposed to CO in vitro.

Materials and methods: All experiments were performed in vitro. We studied the morphology of erythrocytes and their aggregates with AFM. Blood sampling (150 μl) in microvettes with EDTA (Sarstedt AG & Co., Germany) was carried out during a prophylactic work-up of 5 volunteers. To obtain CO in a test tube, formic acid was mixed with sulfuric acid 1:1. Blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin were measured by spectrophotometry. A nonlinear fitting method of the experimental spectra was used to calculate the concentrations of hemoglobin derivatives in blood. Statistical analysis was done with the Origin software (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA).

Results: After CO exposure, a shift in peaks was observed. At exposure time t₂=320 s, the percentage of carboxyhemoglobin (CHbCO) was 88±2%. As a result of blood exposure to CO, at t₁=160 s 10% of the cells differed in their shape from discocytes, whereas at t₂=320 s their proportion was 38%. With increasing duration of exposure to CO, erythrocyte aggregation occurred with formation of their large conglomerates up to 30 μm in size. In the control smear, the proportion of discocytes was 96±2%, and the remaining 4±1% of the cells had the form of echinocytes. The cell diameter (Dcont) was in the range 7.5±0.8 μm. After blood exposure to CO at t₁=160 s in the monolayer, 28±5% of cells had a diameter less than<5.7 μm. After CO exposure at t₂=320 s, the proportion of cells with a diameter of less than<5.7 μm increased to 72±11%.

Conclusion: The experiments have shown that blood exposure to CO changed the morphology of erythrocytes. The formation of interconnected structures made of red blood cells was observed. With increased time of exposure, erythrocytes demonstrated aggregation with conglomerate formation.
Sintesis Pigmen Geothit (α-FeOOH) dari Limbah Industri Kerajinan Besi dengan Metode Presipitasi
Authors: Nisa Choirun , Aini Nur , Khoiroh Lilik Miftahul
Published: December 2019

Iron handicraft is one of industries that process iron ore into handicraft products and produce lathe waste. Iron lathe contains 96.08% iron metal which is potential source as a precursor for synthesis of goethite pigment. The method used for synthesis was precipitation using NaHCO3 as precipitator agent. Synthesis was conducted at 70°C with variations of stirring speed such as 550, 650, 750 and 850 rpm. The products were characterized by color reader, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, XRD and SEM-EDX. The data from color reader showed that the highest yellowness degree and lightness obtained at a stirring speed 550 rpm were 24.1 and 42.1, respectively. UV-Vis data showed that the maximum wavelength of goethite pigment was 600-624 nm. Based on XRD data, synthesized pigment was in goethite phase (α-FeOOH) for all samples with crystallite size 63.24 nm and the highest crystallinity was achieved at 550 rpm. SEM-EDX data showed that morphology pigment (α-FeOOH) was not uniform, there were impurities such as Na and C.

 

Keywords: Lathe waste, precipitation, goethite, pigment

 

 

Industri kerajinan besi merupakan salah satu industri yang mengolah bijih besi menjadi produk kerajinan dan menghasilkan limbah bubut besi. Limbah bubut besi mengandung unsur besi sebesar 96,08% yang berpotensi sebagai bahan baku (prekursor) untuk sintesis pigmen geothit. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode presipitasi dengan agen pengendap NaHCO3. Sintesis dilakukan pada suhu 70°C dengan variasi kecepatan pengadukan 550, 650, 750 dan 850 rpm. Produk hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan color reader, spektroskopi ultraviolet-tampak (UV-Vis), XRD, dan SEM-EDX. Data color reader menunjukkan bahwa derajat kekuningan dan derajat kecerahan tertinggi didapatkan pada kecepatan pengadukan 550 rpm yaitu berturut-turut 24,1 dan 42,1. Data UV-Vis menunjukkan panjang gelombang maksimum pigmen geothit hasil sintesis adalah 600-624 nm. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa pigmen hasil sintesis pada semua kecepatan pengadukan berfasa geothit (α-FeOOH) dengan derajat kristalinitas tertinggi pada kecepatan pengadukan 550 rpm dengan ukuran kristal 63,24 nm. Hasil SEM-EDX pada kecepatan 550 rpm menunjukkan bahwa morfologi pigmen (α-FeOOH) hasil sintesis tidak seragam dan ditemukan adanya pengotor berupa unsur Na dan C.

 
Kata kunci: Limbah bubut besi, presipitasi, geothit, pigmen
ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY OF EFL STUDENTS IN GRAMMAR SCHOOLS IN SERBIA
Authors: Đokić Staša V. , Cvjetićanin Miljana J.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research to discover whether there was a connection between the degree of the students’ self-efficacy in learning English as a foreign language (EFL), and the participants’ attendance of private English lessons, independent use of English outside the classroom, age at which they started learning English, grade achieved at the end of the previous term and self-evaluation of English knowledge. Data was gathered by a survey and analyzed by means of a descriptive and inferential analysis. It was established that overall average self-efficacy is relatively high. Furthermore, independent use of English outside the classroom, students’ grade and self-evaluation proved to be the most powerful self-efficacy determinants, leading self-efficacy to be both higher and lower in certain situations. The results imply that the these relationships are complex and it is necessary to offer possible explanations of the results in order to better understand students’ needs in EFL learning.
POPULAR CULTURE IN THE CLASSROOM: THE ART OF HAVING FUN AND LEARNING
Authors: Gajdoš Srđan M. , Korpaš Olivera Lj.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this paper is to examine a possible approach to teaching vocabulary by heavily relying on popular culture and test its efficiency in the mastery of vocabulary. It also attempts to determine how students perceive this approach as opposed to a more conventional one. The paper implies drawing conclusions based on the study conducted by the authors. The study analyses a sample of 30 elementary and secondary school students (B2 level) who attended English classes in a private language school in Novi Sad. The control group was taught vocabulary units by using the coursebook as suggested in the teacher’s book. The experimental group used audio and visual material from songs, games and films. The mastery of vocabulary and the level of satisfaction with the class were higher in the experimental group.
Características morfológicas da planície de inundação do Rio Atibaia, entre Campinas e Jaguariúna, SP, Brasil
Authors: Muraro Luis Eduardo de Oliveira , Pereira Sueli Yoshinaga , Pereira Paulo Ricardo Brum
Published: December 2019

As planícies aluvionares são ecossistemas situados próximos ao nível de base de cursos de água, onde vários ambientes se inter-relacionam. Elas são consideradas áreas de descarga do escoamento básico de rios, e resultados de processos de assoreamento de sedimentos e erosão do rio ao longo do Quaternário, e compreendem um sistema complexo e dinâmico, seja em relação às suas características físicas como biológicas. A ocupação urbana e periurbana nestes locais, classificam-nas como áreas de risco hidrológico, uma vez que cheias sazonais ou chuvas extremas impactam a comunidade residente. A planície do rio Atibaia é uma extensa área limítrofe com os municípios de Campinas, Jaguariúna e Paulínia situada na transição entre a Depressão Periférica e o Planalto Atlântico. Trata-se de uma área de cerca de 34 km2, onde o rio Atibaia corre encaixado nas fraturas e falhas do embasamento cristalino. A planície forma uma pequena bacia sedimentar, decorrente do afunilamento da calha por diabásios a jusante, e a montante por rochas gnáissicas. Ela apresenta dois terraços representativos de fases de formação da planície, paleomeandros e paleocanais, antigas barras de pontal e diques marginais. Pequenas elevações são encontradas ao longo das margens do rio e migrações de meandros recentes de sentido noroeste e sudeste foram registradas, uma vez que o rio se encontra meandrante nesta parte de seu curso. Os campos úmidos e bacias de decantação representam área com níveis aflorantes do aquífero freático, e áreas de baixios (na região mais baixa da planície) onde a água se acumula e escoa.
Uma intervenção pedagógica no Sambaqui do Limão (ES)
Authors: Campos Carlos Roberto Pires , Roldi Maria Margareth Cancian , Araújo Brenda Odete Pfeifer de , Fadini Guilherme Pizoni
Published: December 2019

Da perspectiva da Pedagogia do Lugar, este trabalho apresenta alguns momentos em que os pares se encontram e se reconhecem como indivíduos intencionados a interagir criticamente com a realidade, inovando o conhecimento, refazendo-o e rompendo as barreiras impeditivas da construção de práticas pedagógicas emancipatórias, as quais podem suscitar a autonomia política, ambiental e histórica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com procedimentos do tipo observação participante, cujas análises decorreram de categorias fincadas na organização do trabalho das equipes. A discussão contemplou os dados colhidos na participação de docentes em uma formação continuada ocorrida em um sítio arqueológico pré-colonial do tipo sambaqui, em Presidente Kennedy, ES – Brasil. Como resultado, os professores em formação tornaram-se sujeitos do estudo, no qual experiências foram compartilhadas, diálogos foram estabelecidos e a relação dos sujeitos com o ambiente foi avaliada. As discussões produzidas propiciaram formas criativas de abordagem para o ensino de geociências e de ciências.
Menguji keberadaan structural breaks pada transmisi kebijakan moneter di Indonesia
Authors: Syapriatama Imronjana , Pratiwi Intan Kusuma
Published: December 2019

Purpose — This paper investigates the presence of structural breaks in order to determine the regime shift in case of Indonesia economy.Research method — We use the Bai-Perron (2003) to test the breaks within the period of January 2014 – December 2018 and Structural Vector Autoregression (VAR) to generate the model constructed to analyze the monetary transmission mechanism.Result — The result shows that there are four significant structural breaks while SVAR shows the negative relationship between SBIS and the Output and a negative relationship between PUAS and Inflation
Analisis dampak harga emas dunia, harga minyak dunia, kurs, Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK), dan BI rate terhadap Jakarta Islamic Index
Authors: Alfuadi Muhammad Umar Azyka
Published: December 2019

Purpose — The paper attempts to analyze the impacts of the gold price, oil price, exchange rate, consumer price index, and BI rate on the Jakarta Islamic Index.Research method — This study employs VAR-VECM to analyze all secondary data collected. The period is from January 2009 until December 2011.Result — The result shows that in long term all variables have a significant impact on Jakarta Islamic Index. The gold price has a negative impact on Jakarta Islamic Index at 4,1% and is stable after 12 months, the oil price has a positive impact of 1% and stable after 21 months, the exchange rate has a positive impact of 3,8% and stable after 17 months, the consumer price index has positive impact 0,5% and stable after 21 months, and BI rate has negative impact 6,2% and stable after 15 months. BI rate also gives the biggest impact on Jakarta Islamic Index among others.
Estresse Ocupacional em Profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU)
Authors: Martins Daiane Granada , Gonçalves Júlia
Published: December 2019

O trabalho constitui um dos principais fatores desencadeantes do estresse, que se apresenta de modo intenso em profissionais da saúde pública. Objetivou-se identificar o estresse de trabalhadores do Serviço Móvel de Urgência (SAMU), investigar o conhecimento acerca do fenômeno e conhecer suas vivências de trabalho. Utilizaram-se o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de LIPP e uma entrevista individual. O uso inadequado do serviço pela população e a falta de autonomia dos socorristas foram apontados como fatores estressantes pelos profissionais entrevistados. Identificou-se que há certo desconhecimento desses profissionais, mesmo sendo trabalhadores da saúde, acerca do fenômeno estresse. Dentre as estratégias utilizadas pelos trabalhadores para lidar com as situações cotidianas, estão a prática de atividade física, a convivência com a família, o gosto pelo trabalho realizado e o fenômeno da habituação. Pode-se constatar que a integridade física e mental dos sujeitos investigados reflete positivamente no atendimento prestado junto à comunidade.
Profissionais de Saúde e Comunicação de Más Notícias: Experiências de uma Unidade Neonatal
Authors: Souto Danielle da Costa , Schulze Mariana Datria
Published: December 2019

Este é um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que teve por objetivo investigar as experiências e formas de enfrentamento de profissionais de saúde diante da comunicação de más notícias em uma Unidade Neonatal. Utilizou-se para a coleta dos dados uma ficha de caracterização dos participantes e entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistadas nove profissionais de saúde que trabalham em uma Unidade Neonatal. Foram encontradas duas categorias de análise: Experiências em relação ao preparo profissional e Experiências em relação a protocolos de comunicação de más notícias. Os resultados apresentaram que a maioria dos profissionais de saúde não sente preparada para comunicar más notícias e baseiam-se em experiências pessoais ou profissionais. Destaca-se também a não utilização de protocolos/embasamento teórico, porém existe reconhecimento dessa importância. Conclui-se que é essencial proporcionar espaço para refletir e analisar as práticas profissionais e agregar subsídios para a comunicação de más notícias, assim como destaca-se a importância da educação continuada.
Crianças e Procedimentos Cirúrgicos: Efeitos da Informação
Authors: Costa Junior Aderson Luiz , Mello Sarah , Moraes Lara Umbelina
Published: December 2019

A falta de conhecimentos e informações entre crianças expostas a procedimentos cirúrgicos pode estar relacionada funcionalmente a manifestações de ansiedade. O presente trabalho descreve uma revisão de literatura acerca dos efeitos da disponibilização de informação sobre os comportamentos de crianças expostas a cirurgias eletivas. Foram consultados os portais dos Periódicos CAPES, PROQUEST e SciELO, sem restrição de bases de dados. Os resultados, organizados em categorias funcionais, destacam: (a) crianças se beneficiam da familiarização prévia com a equipe e instruções sobre como lidar com situações desconfortáveis; (b) passeios guiados pelo hospital, livretos, teatro de fantoches, jogos e vídeos são formatos potencialmente eficazes para redução de ansiedade; e (c) a informação parece constituir um preditor de maior colaboração e redutor de preocupações dos acompanhantes. No entantoainda não há consenso sobre critérios de escolha de informação e efeitos sobre a colaboração comportamental das crianças com os procedimentos a serem executados.
KURUMSAL GÜVEN ALGISININ ÇALIŞAN ÖZGÜVENİ VE YENİLİKÇİLİK DAVRANIŞI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ: BİR YEREL YÖNETİM KURULUŞUNDA İNCELEME
Authors: AVCI Nuri
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kurumsal güvenlik algısı ile çalışan özgüveni ve bireysel yenilikçilik davranışı arasındaki ilişkiyi ve olguların birbirlerini açıklama yetkinliklerini incelemektir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; demografik faktörler, İşyeri güvenlik Algısı Ölçeği, Çalışan Özgüven Ölçeği ve Yenilikçilik Ölçeğinden oluşan anket formu kullanılmıştır. İETT Genel Merkezinin 200 çalışanı üzerinde yürütülen bu çalışmada 188 anket dönüşü olmuştur. Bunlardan 25 adedi birden çok seçeneği işaretlediği için geçersiz sayılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; kurumsal güven algısı ile çalışan özgüveni arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu, ancak kurumsal güven algısının ve çalışanların özgüveninin yenilikçilik davranışı üzerinde anlamlı etkisi olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.
Ratio of Land Consumption Rate to the Population Growth Rate- A Case of Metropolitan Gombe
Authors: Abdulkadir Ishiyaku , Kumar J Sathish , Noon Monica
Published: December 2019

United Nations Human Settlements Programme recommended equation and tools for reporting SDG indicator 11.3.1. This indicator aim at one ratio between population growth and land consumption rates in order to promote sustainable urban expansion. Because nowadays urban areas rapidly expand, with increasing rate of surface extent that over sweep the rate at which population grows. Trends.Earth was used for the key Impervious Surface Indices (30m resolution) and informed on urban trend, extent and SDG 11.3.1 of metropolitan Gombe for the periods 2000-2005, 2005-2010, and 2010-2015.The research reveals that SDG 11.3.1 for three periods stand at 0.4194, 0.4292, and 0.3041 respectively. The research also indicate that the population growth rate is greater than the land consumption.
Scheduling in Real Time System
Authors: sirshar mehreen , rizwan huma , shabbir muneeba , nawaz hajra
Published: December 2019

Scheduling of real time tasks are very important aspect in systems as processes should complete its task at a specific time. There is a need of high energy efficiency and low response time in large data stream so for this energy efficient resources and optimized frameworks are needed. Both hard real time and mixed critically systems are targeted. Soft deadline can be handled while hard deadlines are difficult to cater. Different algorithms are used to schedule tasks like rate monotonic, earliest deadline first, deadline monotonic etc.
Legal Protection for Doctor who Performs Medical Treatments that Lead Patient to Death
Authors: Dewi Filosophia Putri Kemala
Published: December 2019

This research was carried out due to frequent accusations that doctors performed malpractice. Accusations of errors in medical treatment are often found in the field. The objectives of this research are to: 1) examine and analyze forms of legal protection for doctors/ dentists in providing medical services who carry out independent practices as well as those working in hospitals, 2) review and analyze legal liabilities of doctors/ dentists in carrying out medical profession that leads patients to death. This research applies statute and conceptual approaches that is equipped with a case approach. The analysis results of the research indicated that the State provides legal protection for a doctor/ dentist through Article 27 paragraph (1) of Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Article 50 point (a) Law No. 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice, Article 24 paragraph (1) Government Regulation No.32 of 1996 concerning Health Workers, and Article 57 points (a) Law No. 36 of 2014 concerning Health Workers. Moreover, besides the above positive laws, legal protection for doctors/ dentists who work in hospitals also applies Article 46 of Law No. 44 2009 about hospitals and respondeat superior doctrine.
Comparison of Yang-Monti ileal ureter-bladder anastomosis versus Yang-Monti ileal ureter-ureteral anastomosis for the treatment of ureteral stenosis: a randomized controlled trial in a miniature pig model
Authors: wang zhenxing , sun zhaolin , yang xiushu , luo guangheng , tian ye , shen lei , su zhiyong , liu hongming
Published: December 2019

Background: To establish an animal model of the minipigs of ileal ureter-bladder anastomosis and ureteral-ureteral anastomosis using the Yang-Monti technique, and compare the advantages and disadvantages. Methods: 14 minipigs were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received the left Yang-Monti ileal ureter-ureteral anastomosis ; group B received the left Yang-Monti ileal ureter-bladder anastomosis. The length of the incision and the operation time of the two groups were compared. Changes in serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were observed. IVU,cystography,Urinary culture examination and histological examination were performed. Results: the remaining 11 miniature pigs had no urinary fistula or intestinal fistula.The operation time and incision length of group A were longer than group B. All minipigs had normal renal function before and after surgery. There was no stenosis obstruction in the venous pyelography. The narrowest diameter of group A was larger than that of group B; no contrast agent was returned to the upper urinary tract in the two groups. Postoperative urine culture examinations were colonized with Escherichia coli. the obstruction and stenosis were found in group A; the ileal ureteral diameter of group A was larger than that of group B. Histological examination showed that the transitional epithelium and columnar epithelial mucosa in group A were not close together; the intestinal villi are slightly atrophied and shortened. Conclusions: Compared with the Yang-Monti ileal ureteral anastomosis, the Yang-Monti ileal ureter-bladder anastomosis is simpler, more reliable, and less complication.
Conservative treatment for urinary fistula following ileal conduit urinary diversion : a simple method
Authors: Ye Yunlin , Liang Hai-tao , Tan Lei , Zheng Xia , Xiong Dan , Xiao Kang-hua , Qin Zike
Published: December 2019

Background
The presence of urinary fistula after ileal conduit urinary diversion is a challenging complication , and this study investigated the role of the intra-conduit negative pressure system (NPS) in the presence of urinary fistula following ileal conduit (IC) urinary diversion as a conservative treatment.
Methods
Using the intra-conduit NPS, a minor drainage tube was placed within a silicon tube to suck urine from the conduit with consistent negative pressure. Patients with urinary fistula following IC from August 2012 to July 2017 were recorded, and the clinical characteristics and outcome were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The intra-conduit NPS was used as a primarily conservative treatment for 13 patients who suffered from urinary fistula and presented with a large amount of abdominal/pelvic drainage without other significant morbidities. The median age was 60 years old (42-74 years), and 7 patients were male. The median duration between the IC operation and the presence of urinary fistula was 15 days (2-28 days), and elevated creatinine levels were detected in the abdominal/pelvic drainage with a median level of 2114 µmol/L (636-388 µmol/L). A significant decrease in abdominal/pelvic drainage was identified in 12 patients. The median time that the NPS was used was 9 days (7-11 days). The other patient did not show any improvements after 2 days of observation and then underwent open surgery. With ureteral stenting, 2 abdominal drainage tubes and the intra-conduit NPS were placed during operation, no urine leakage was observed in the abdominal/pelvic field, and the patient was cured in 9 days. With a median follow-up of 22 months, no fistula recurrence or hydronephrosis was detected.
Conclusion
The intra-conduit negative pressure system is a feasible and promising way to cure urinary fistula following ileal conduit urinary diversion. Because this procedure is a mini-invasive and simple approach, it might represent an alternative in selected patients.
Molecular genetic diversity and differentiation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758) in East African natural and stocked populations
Authors: Tibihika Papius Dias , Curto Manuel , Alemayehu Esayas , Waidbacher Herwig , Masembe Charles , Akoll Peter , Meimberg Harald
Published: December 2019

Background The need for enhancing the productivity of fisheries in Africa triggered the introduction of non-native fish, causing dramatic changes to local species. In East Africa, the extensive translocation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the major factors in this respect. Using 40 microsatellite loci with SSR-GBS techniques, we amplified a total of 664 individuals to investigate the genetic structure of O. niloticus from East Africa in comparison to Ethiopian and Burkina Faso populations. Results All three African regions were characterized by independent gene-pools, however, the Ethiopian population from lake Tana showed to be more divergent than expected suggesting that it might be a different species. In East Africa, the genetic structure was congruent with both geographical location and anthropogenic activities. O. niloticus from Lake Turkana (Kenya) was isolated, while in Uganda, despite populations being rather similar to each other, two main natural catchments were able to be defined. We show that these two groups contributed to the gene-pool of different non-native populations. Moreover, admixture and possible hybridization with other tilapiine species may have contributed to the genetic divergence found in some populations such as Lake Victoria. We detected other factors that might be affecting Nile tilapia genetic variation. For example, most of the populations have gone through a reduction of genetic diversity, which can be a consequence of bottleneck caused by overfishing, genetic erosion due to fragmentation or founder effect resulting from stoking activities. Conclusions The anthropogenic activities particularly in the East African O. niloticus translocations, promoted admixture and contact with the native congenerics which may contribute to outbreeding depression and hence compromising the sustainability of the species in the region.
Impact of the donor-recipient gender matching graft survival from live donors donor-recipient gender matching on the graft survival from live donors
Authors: Naderi Gholamhossein , Azadfar Amin , Yahyazadeh Seyed Reza , Khatami Fatemeh , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
Published: December 2019

Background: Several factors such as recipient age, BMI, serum creatinine, and positive history of dialysis are important in predicting graft survival among kidney transplant recipients. One factor affecting the transplant outcomes is donors and recipients gender, which is usually ignored.
Methods: A total of 1113 kidney transplant recipients were studied in this retrospective cohort study. Several factors were taken into account for graft survival and outcomes such as donors and recipients gender and age in addition to common recipient factors like creatinine, eGFR, BMI, and positive history of dialysis.
Results: The most successful transplant based on donor-recipient gender was observed in male donor to male recipient, and then male donor to female recipient. In female transplant recipients, level of serum creatinine and eGFR, positive dialysis history before transplant, and low donor hemoglobin level can be considered as good prognostic factors recommended for kidney transplant survival.
Conclusions: Our results suggested gender matching for kidney transplant. Only in some exceptional conditions, male donor to female recipient kidney transplant may be successful and female donors to male recipients are not suggested, especially in aged patients with the history of dialysis.
The heterogeneous health state profiles of high-risk healthcare utilizers and their longitudinal hospital readmission and mortality patterns
Authors: Ng Shawn Choon Wee , Kwan Yu Heng , Yan Shi , Tan Chuen Seng , Low Lian Leng
Published: December 2019

Background: High-risk patients are most vulnerable during transitions of care. Due to the high burden of resource allocation for such patients, we propose that segmentation of this heterogeneous population into distinct subgroups will enable improved healthcare resource planning. In this study, we segmented a high-risk population with the aim to identify and characterize a patient subgroup with the highest 30-day and 90-day hospital readmission and mortality. Methods: We extracted data from our transitional care program (TCP), a Hospital-to-Home program launched by the Singapore Ministry of Health, from June to November 2018. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to determine the optimal number and characteristics of latent subgroups, assessed based on model fit and clinical interpretability. Regression analysis was performed to assess the association of class membership on 30- and 90-day all-cause readmission and mortality. Results: Among 752 patients, a 3-class best fit model was selected: Class 1 “Frail, cognitively impaired and physically dependent”, Class 2 “Pre-frail, but largely physically independent” and Class 3 “Physically independent”. The 3 classes have distinct demographics, medical and socioeconomic characteristics (p<0.05), 30- and 90-day readmission (p<0.05) and mortality (p<0.01). Class 1 patients have the highest age-adjusted 90-day readmission (OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.21-3.46, p= 0.008), 30- (OR=6.92, 95%CI: 1.76-27.21, p=0.006) and 90-day mortality (OR=11.51, 95%CI: 4.57-29.02, p<0.001). Conclusions: We identified a subgroup with the highest readmission and mortality risk amongst high-risk patients. We also found a lack of interventions in our TCP that specifically addresses increased frailty and poor cognition, which are prominent features in this subgroup. These findings will help to inform future program modifications and strengthen existing transitional healthcare structures currently utilized in this patient cohort.
Effectiveness of Checklist based Box system Interventions (CBBSI) versus routine care on improving utilization of Maternal Health Service in North West, Ethiopia: Study protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Belete Netsanet , Gerbaba Mulusew , Tura Gurmesa
Published: December 2019

Background-Maternal mortality is still high in Ethiopia. Antenatal care, use of skilled delivery and postnatal care are key maternal health care services that can significantly reduce maternal mortality. However, in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, utilization of these key services is limited, so that preventive, promotive and curative services are not provided as per the recommendation. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of checklist based box system interventions on improving maternal health service utilization. Methods - A community level cluster-randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of checklist based box system interventions over the routine standard of care, as a control arm. The intervention will use health extension program and provided by health extension workers and midwives, using a special type of health education scheduling and service utilization monitoring boxes, placed at health posts and health centers respectively. For this, 1,200 pregnant mothers, below 16 weeks of gestation, will be recruited from 30 clusters. Suspected pregnant mothers will be identified through a community survey and linked to the nearby health center. With effective communication between health centers and health posts, dropout-tracing mechanisms are implemented to make mothers resume service utilization. Data will be collected using ODK-Collect and analyzed using STATA version 13.0. Data will be analyzed by intention to treat analysis. Risk ratio will be computed at cluster level and the summary will be compared using t-test. Outcomes between intervention and control groups will be compared with random effects logistic regression models. Achieving four antenatal care, health facility delivery and postnatal care visits at 6 weeks of delivery were treated as primary out comes for this study. Discussion - The authors of this study expect that, the study will generate evidence on the effectiveness of checklist based box system interventions on improving utilization of maternal health care service, that produce inputs for related policies in the country. Trial Registration – ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03891030, 26 March 2019, Retrospectively Registered Keywords - Box system, maternal health, Antenatal care, skilled delivery, postnatal care, cluster randomized controlled trial, Ethiopia
Trends analysis of cancer topic of Cochrane systematic reviews: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yang Kelu , Gao Ya , Cai Yitong , Liu Ming , Lu Cuncun , Zhang Junhua , Tian Jinhui
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To analyze the scientific outputs of the cancer topic of Cochrane systematic reviews (Cancer-CSR) in order to have a comprehensive understanding and lay the foundation for the following research.
Patients and methods: Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved limited from Jan. 1, 2009 to Dec. 12, 2018. CiteSpace IV and Excel 2018 were applied to analyze and visualize the literature information.
Results: Ultimately, 607 Cancer-CSR were retrieved, 32 countries, 179 institutions and 260 authors involved. The number of publications in Cancer-CSR has been increasing over the past decades (25(2009)-77(2018)). UK, USA, Canada, Australia, and Germany worked closely with other countries, especially the UK (n=361) has taken the lead in this field. The top 10 contributive institutions, which were almost came from developed countries, collaborated closely with other institutions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, C Hdb Sys and J Clin Oncol were the top three journals with the highest co-citation. The top three co-cited references were the two different version of Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews and the guidelines of Review Manager. The biggest cluster of keywords “cytoreductive surgery (CRS)” and the latest clusters “visual inspection” and “non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug” were the most promising hotspots.
Conclusions: Cancer-CSR has been increasing. Most of the reviews were came from the developed countries as well as the institutes in these countries. The knowledge base of was the methodology studies of systematic review, epidemiological data of cancer, and the reporting guideline of systematic reviews. The adjuvant therapy combined CRS, the screening of skin cancer and the management of cancer-related pain were the hotspots. Reasons that influence the author's preference for Cancer-CSR also deserve further investigation.
Association between maternal sleep duration and quality, and the risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: wang ling , Jin Feng
Published: December 2019

Study Objectives: To assess the association between sleep duration and quality, and the risk of preterm birth.Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved from the PubMed and Web of Science databases up to September 30, 2018. The reference lists of the retrieved articles were reviewed. Random effects models were applied to estimate summarized relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Ten identified studies (nine cohort studies and one case-controlled study) examined the associations between sleep duration and quality and the risk of preterm birth. As compared with women with the longest sleep duration, the summary RR was 1.23 (95% CI = 1.01–1.50) for women with the shortest sleep duration, with moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 57.4%). Additionally, as compared with women with good sleep quality, the summary RR was 1.54 (95% CI = 1.18–2.01) for women with poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5), with high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 76.7%). The results of stratified analysis by trimester, geographical location, study design, type of preterm birth, and adjustment for potential confounders were comparable to those of the main meta-analysis. Funnel plots as well as the Egger’s and Begg’s tests showed no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that short sleep duration and poor sleep quality may be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth.
Enhancement of de novo sequencing, assembly and annotation of the Mongolian gerbil genome with transcriptome sequencing and assembly from several different tissues
Authors: Cheng Shifeng , Fu Yuan , Zhang Yaolei , Xian Wenfei , Wang Hongli , Grothe Benedikt , Lu Xin , Xu Xun , Klug Achim , McCullagh Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has historically been used as a model organism for the auditory and visual systems, stroke/ischemia, epilepsy and aging related research since 1935 when laboratory gerbils were separated from their wild counterparts. In this study we report genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation further supported by transcriptome sequencing and assembly from 27 different tissues samples.
RESULTS: The genome was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 and after assembly resulted in a final genome size of 2.54 Gbp with contig and scaffold N50 values of 31.4 Kbp and 500.0 Kbp, respectively. Based on the k-mer estimated genome size of 2.48 Gbp, the assembly appears to be complete. The genome annotation was supported by transcriptome data that identified 31 769 (>2000bp) predicted protein-coding genes across 27 tissue samples. A BUSCO search of 3023 mammalian groups resulted in 86% of curated single copy orthologs present among predicted genes, indicating a high level of completeness of the genome.
CONCLUSIONS: We report the first de novo assembly of the Mongolian gerbil genome enhanced by assembly of transcriptome data from several tissues. Sequencing of this genome and transcriptome increases the utility of the gerbil as a model organism, opening the availability of now widely used genetic tools.
Association of Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Adverse Childhood Experience with adult psychiatric morbidity. Findings from a British birth cohort
Authors: Hassiotis Angela , Brown Emma , Harris James , Helm David , Munir Kerim , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Bertelli Marco , Baghdadli Amaria , Wieland Jannelien , Novell-Alsina Ramon , Cid Jordi , Vergés Laura , Martínez-Leal Rafael , Mutluer Tuba , Ismayilov Fuad , Emerson Eric
Published: December 2019

Background : To examine whether Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) and Adverse Childhood Experiences independently predict adult psychiatric morbidity. Methods : We performed a secondary analysis of longitudinal data derived from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study to examine whether BIF and Adverse Childhood Experiences independently predict adult mental distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory. Factor analysis was used to derive a proxy measure of IQ from cognitive testing at age 10 or 5. Variables that could be indicators of exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences were identified and grouped into health related and socio-economic related adversity. Results : Children with BIF were significantly more likely than their peers to have been exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences (BIF mean 5.90, non-BIF mean 3.19; Mann-Whitney z=31.74, p<0.001). As adults, participants with BIF were significantly more likely to score above the cut-off on the Malaise Inventory. We found statistically significant relationships between the number of socio-economic Adverse Childhood Experiences and poorer adult psychiatric morbidity (r range 0.104-0.141, all p<001). At all ages the indirect mediating effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences were significantly related to adult psychiatric morbidity. Conclusions : The relationship between BIF and adult psychiatric morbidity appears to be partially mediated by exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences. Where possible, targeting Adverse Childhood Experiences through early detection, prevention and interventions may improve psychiatric morbidity in this population group.