bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Periodontal Diseases: Where were we? Where are we now? Where are we going?
Authors: Milward M.R. , Chapple I.L.C.
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses the past, present and possible future classification of periodontal diseases. It outlines the reasons for using a classification system from a clinical perspective and provides a critical appraisal of the latest classification. The major changes introduced in the 1999 system are discussed alongside the rationale behind the recommended nomenclature.
Book Review
Authors: Burke F.J. Trevor
Published: August 2017

The Science and Art of Porcelain Laminate Veneers. By Galip Gürel. Quintessence Publishing Co., New Malden, Surrey, 2003 (528pp., 1200 colour illus., £138). ISBN 1-85097-606-2.
Use of Tooth-coloured Restorations in the Management of Toothwear
Authors: Allen P.F.
Published: August 2017

The problem of toothwear appears to be increasing in both children and adults. Recent developments in bonding and aesthetic restorations have added to the dentist's armamentarium for restoring worn teeth. Bonded ceramic and composite restorations offer the possibility of conservative restoration of teeth already damaged by toothwear. Despite this, concern still remains regarding the durability and clinical performance of these restorations. This paper reviews the currently available techniques for providing tooth-coloured restorations in toothwear cases.
The Role of Lasers in Dentistry: Present and Future
Authors: Pearson G. J. , Schuckert K.-H.
Published: August 2017

Lasers have been used for hard tissue cutting in dentistry for a number of years. The quality of the cavity preparation and the surface finish achievable is variable and is dependant on operating wavelength. The collateral damage, which may be produced at differing wavelengths, is quite marked. Lasers in current form are now able to remove tissue in bulk at a similar rate to conventional methods such as bur and turbine handpiece. Some lasers may, however, provide precision cutting, which may be developed further in the future. Alternative uses of laser light are potentially more beneficial in the shorter term. The use of diode lasers as a means of activating a photosensitizer to carry out photo-activated disinfection appears to be beneficial.
Splinting of Traumatized Teeth in Children
Authors: Brown Charlotte L. , Mackie Iain C.
Published: August 2017

Different types of splints have been used to stabilize traumatized teeth in children. Some of these splints have compromised healing of the teeth and associated dental tissues. This article considers the ideal properties for a splint and describes a method of splinting traumatized teeth in children that meets most of the requirements of an ideal splint.
Book review
Authors: Bradnock Gillian
Published: August 2017

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. Marita Rohr Inglehart and Robert Bagramian, eds. Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc., New Malden, 2002. ISBN 0-86715-421-7.
The oral health of a group of prison inmates
Authors: Lunn Howard , Morris John , Jacob Anne , Grummitt Celia
Published: August 2017

The oral health of prison inmates in England has come under increased scrutiny with the arrival of joint responsibility between the Home Office and the NHS for prison healthcare. This brief study indicates very high levels of oral disease amongst a group of prisoners attending for treatment in an English prison. Further study of thc oral health prisoners seems timely, as does the exploratIOn of effective oral health promotion for this group of people.
Book Review
Authors: Caplan J.
Published: August 2017

Decision-making in Operative Dentistry. By P. Brunton. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., New Malden, 2002 (100pp., £28.00). ISBN 1-85097-057-2.
Book Review
Authors: Donnelly Tom
Published: August 2017

Practical Dental Local Anaesthesia. By John G. Meechan. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, New Malden (142pp., £28). ISBN 1-85097-051-3.
Two Cases of Molar Root Resorption
Authors: Yip Lisa , McKeown Helen Fiona , Sandler Paul Jonathan
Published: August 2017

The presence of unerupted teeth in close proximity to adjacent teeth can cause root resorption. The third molars and mandibular premolars are the most frequent teeth to be impacted and the relationship between impacted teeth causing root resorption of adjacent teeth has been well documented, but it is surprising how few studies have analysed the incidence of root resorption in these cases. This paper discusses two patients who have undergone molar root resorption due to adjacent unerupted impacted teeth.
Book Review
Authors: Morris John
Published: August 2017

Essential Dental Public Health. Blanaid Daly, Richard Watt, Paul Batchelor and Elizabeth Treasure. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002 (£24.95). ISBN 0-19-262974-3
Sarcoidosis of the Gingiva – A Case Report
Authors: Ho K.C. , Blair F.M.
Published: August 2017

Involvement of oral tissues by sarcoidosis is uncommon. We present a case of sarcoidosis involving the gingivae of a 60-year-old woman. The patient presents with an 18-month history of localized areas of gingival redness and swelling. She also has a previous history of sarcoidosis.
Ballistic Injuries of the Face and Mouth in War and Civil Conflict
Authors: Gibbons A.J. , Patton D.W.
Published: August 2017

Ballistics is the science of thrown or projected objects. The consequences of ballistic injuries to the face may be devastating and lead to considerable disability and disfigurement. Reconstructive techniques for maxillofacial injuries have improved greatly since World War II; however, the basic principles for the initial, early and reconstructive phases of treatment have stood the test of time. This paper gives an overview of the management of ballistic injuries to the face and jaws.
Can We Always Believe our Patients?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Validation of Self-Reported Medical History Data in Dental Charts. B.L. Stewart, W.A. Sabbah and A.M. Alrasheed. Saudi Dental Journal 2003; 15: 33–37.
SARS Another Emerging Disease
Authors: Palenik C.J.
Published: August 2017

Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS, is an illness that has been recently reported in Asia, North America, Europe and Africa. SARS appears to be a new disease. The first known case of atypical pneumonia occurred on 16 November 2002 in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China. However, its significance was not known until later. The disease soon spread to the rest of the Guangdong Province and then further points in South East Asia. The World Health Organization (WHO) started to track the disease actively during mid-February 2003.
Do Your Composite Restorations have ‘Soggy Bottoms’?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Decrease in Power Output of New Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Curing Devices with Increasing Distance to Filling Surface. G. R. Meyer, C.-P. Ernst, B. Willershausen. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry 2002; 4: 197–204.
Book Review
Authors: Roberts Anthony
Published: August 2017

Fundamentals of Periodontics, 2nd edn. Thomas G. Wilson, Jr and Kenneth S. Kornman, eds. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., 2003 (676pp., £58.00h/b). ISBN 0-86715-405-5.
Direct Core Materials
Authors: Wilson Paul H.R. , Fisher Nigel L. , Bartlett David W.
Published: August 2017

There are many materials that can be used for direct-placement cores. Although the scientific evidence is incomplete, some materials are better suited to this task than others. This article provides an overview of direct-placement core materials and highlights what clinicians should consider when assessing a new product.
Bonded Amalgam Restorations: Current Research and Clinical Procedure
Authors: Staninec M. , Setcos J.C.
Published: August 2017

This paper reviews the history of amalgam bonding; compares the results of recent clinical studies to laboratory results that report reduced microleakage, increased retention, inhibition of secondary caries, reinforcement of tooth structure, and reduced cuspal deflection; discusses conservative preparation guidelines; and presents a step-by-step clinical procedure.
Management of the Immature Apex – A Clinical Guide
Authors: Allen Richard , Mackie Iain C.
Published: August 2017

The production of an apical barrier prior to the placement of a permanent gutta percha root filling in a non-vital immature incisor tooth with an open apex is a well researched and documented technique. The technique is successful and a very satisfactory root filling can be placed in the tooth. However, dentists seem to have difficulty in achieving satisfactory outcomes.
Paediatric Dentistry in the New Millennium: 5. Clinical Prevention: The Role of the General Dental Practitioner
Authors: Toumba K. Jack , Tahmassebi Jinous F. , Balmer Richard
Published: August 2017

Prevention of caries underpins all dental care provided to children. This paper reviews the scientific basis of current techniques for dental prevention. It provides guidelines for the identification of children who are at high and low risk and considers the most appropriate preventive strategies for these children.
Book Review
Authors: Hamburger John
Published: August 2017

A Colour Handbook of Oral Medicine. By M.A.O. Lewis and R.C.K. Jordan. Manson Publishing Ltd, London, 2004 (192pp., £48.00h/b; £29.95p/b). ISBN 1-84076-032-Xh/b; 1-84076-033-8p/b.
Autotransplantation of an Impacted Third Molar: An Orthodontic Case Report
Authors: Patel A. , Brennan J.A. , Sandler P.J.
Published: August 2017

This case report describes the use of autotransplantation as part of an orthodontic treatment plan where there was early loss of an upper molar tooth secondary to irreversible pulpitis. An impacted lower third molar, which had symptoms of pericoronitis, was transplanted into the upper left second molar socket. Fixed orthodontic treatment, to correct the patient's initial complaint of crowding, was completed in 22 months. The transplanted tooth remained vital and functional throughout.
Severe Extrusion from an Apical Abscess: A Case Report
Authors: Chia M.S.Y. , Wong F.S.L.
Published: August 2017

A 10-year-old boy presented with an acute apical abscess with extensive extrusion of a maxillary central incisor. The tooth, the maxillary right central incisor, had a history of trauma and subsequent apical abscesses. This article describes the presentation, management of the abscess and the subsequent results of treatment. The reasons for the extrusion and success of the treatment are discussed.
Can We Fix it? – Yes We Can!
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Salvaging a Porcelain/Metal Bridge with a Bonded Porcelain-fused-to-metal Overcasting. A. Mancuso. General Dentistry 2003; 51: 456–457.
What's in Toothpaste and Why?
Authors: Davies Robin M.
Published: August 2017

This article reviews the ingredients of toothpastes and their role in providing medicinal and cosmetic benefits to the consumer.
Book Review
Authors: Attrill David C.
Published: August 2017

Complete Dentures. From Planning to Problem Solving. P. Finbarr Allen and Seán McCarthy. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd., New Malden, 2003 (119pp., £28.00). ISBN 1-85097-064-5.
Acute Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Case Report
Authors: Themistocleous Ekaterini , Ariyaratnam Senathirajah , Duxbury A. John
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a case report of a patient who showed severe oral and skin manifestations of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, followed by a discussion of the approach to its differential diagnosis and management in the context of the dental setting.
Preparing Anterior Teeth for Indirect Restorations
Authors: Brunton Paul A.
Published: August 2017

Practitioners have many techniques available for the indirect restoration of anterior teeth. There is some confusion, however, as to what preparation technique is appropriate for each type of restoration, let alone which material to select for the production of the restoration. This article considers the different types of preparation recommended for veneers and resin-bonded, all-ceramic and porcelain fused to metal crowns and gives an indication when each technique may be used.
Replacement of Missing Teeth with Fixed Prostheses
Authors: Hemmings Ken , Harrington Zoe
Published: August 2017

This article explores the various treatment options available to replace missing teeth with a fixed prosthesis. It discusses the requirements for each treatment modality and its associated advantages and disadvantages.
Book Review
Authors: Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Textbook of General and Oral Surgery. By David Wray, David Stenhouse, David Lee, Andrew Clarke. Churchill Livingstone, Oxford, 2003 (£32.99). ISBN 0443070830.
Book Review
Authors: Summerwill Anthony
Published: August 2017

Introducing Dental Implants.By John A. Hobkirk, Roger M. Watson, Lloyd J.J. Searson. Churchill Livingstone, Oxford 2003(184pp., £31.23 [Amazon]). ISBN 0 443 07185 3.
Management of a Supra-Erupted Premolar: A Case Report
Authors: Djemal Serpil , Bavisha Kalpesh , Gilmour Graham
Published: August 2017

Supra-erupted teeth often lead to occlusal instability that can result in a poor appearance and make subsequent restoration problematical. This case report discusses the options in the management of supra-erupted teeth and presents a novel approach. The use of a direct composite platform to intrude an upper premolar tooth using the Dahl concept is illustrated.
Book Review
Authors: Richards Andrea
Published: August 2017

Tyldesley's Oral Medicine 5th Edition. By Anne Field and Lesley Longman. Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford University Press, 2003 (256pp., £35 p/b). ISBN 0-19-263147-0.
Tooth Protection During Bleaching
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Sealing Evaluation of the Cervical Base in Intracoronal Bleaching. L.D. Olivera, C.A.T. Carvalho, E. Hilgert, I.R. Bondioli, M.A.M. Araújo and M.C. Valera. Dental Traumatology 2003; 19: 309–313.
The Use of Osseointegrated Implants in Orthodontic Patients: 1. Implants and Their Use in Children
Authors: Williams P. , Travess H. , Sandy J.
Published: August 2017

Implants have been used successfully for the rehabilitation of edentulous adults. However, their use in children is limited because of the special problems of implants relating to continuing growth and development. This, the first of two articles, provides a review of the use of osseointegrated implants in the context of facial growth, and the role of the orthodontist in the management of implant-supported prosthodontic structures. A second article will discuss the role of implants in orthodontics in providing what has been termed ‘absolute anchorage’.
Book Review
Authors: Watson David J.
Published: August 2017

Clinical Problem Solving in Dentistry 2nd editon. Edward W. Odell, ed. Churchill Livingstone, London, 2004 (300pp., £29.99 p/b). ISBN 0443073864.
Digital Imaging for the General Dental Practitioner: 2. Intra-Oral Imaging
Authors: Sharland M.R.
Published: August 2017

Digital imaging is ideal for producing images in General Dental Practice. Many of the techniques used with conventional 35 mm equipment are still good practice, though there are many additional functions available with digital cameras, and many other tools available on the computer. Making best use of the functions and tools available will enable the GDP to produce images suitable for most uses. Taking close-up images in the mouth can be challenging. Through digital imaging the exercise is easier and ultimately more achievable.
Book Review
Authors: Richards Andrea
Published: August 2017

Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine. By Crispian Scully CBE. Wright, Elsevier Science Limited, London, 2004 (566pp., (£38.99 p/b). ISBN 0-7236-1074-6.
Conformative, Re-organized or Unorganized?
Authors: Davies Stephen
Published: August 2017

‘Occlusion’ is presented within the concept of the articulatory system, and guidance is given on how to avoid unplanned occlusal changes. When and how to examine the occlusion is explained, and this is expanded to cover the needs of restoring a patient to the ‘re-organized approach’. In addition, the merits of the different types of occlusal records are discussed.

In order to avoid a lengthy explanation of the terminology in the text, a glossary is appended; any term that is defined in the glossary is marked by an *.
Evaluation of Three Devices used for Measuring Mouth Opening
Authors: Al-Ani M.Z. , Gray R.J.M.
Published: August 2017

Three devices used to measure the range of jaw movement were evaluated: the Willis bite gauge, a metal ruler and the Alma bite gauge.
The Use of Osseointegrated Implants in Orthodontic Patients: 2. Absolute Anchorage
Authors: Travess H.C. , Williams P.H. , Sandy J.R.
Published: August 2017

Following the first article which explored the use of restorative implants in orthodontic patients which are later used to replace missing teeth, such as in hypodontia patients, this second paper examines the use of implants in orthodontics to provide ‘Absolute Anchorage’ after highlighting the standard orthodontic approaches to anchorage. It explains the advantages and disadvantages such methods give the specialist in treating full arch orthodontic patients over standard techniques used in modern orthodontics. Three different types of implant used in full arch orthodontic treatment are described in detail; the mid palatal implant, the OnPlant and the mini screw. The methods used in placing the implants and the techniques employed to gain the anchorage required are highlighted.
Book Review
Authors: Rock W.P.
Published: August 2017

Tip-Edge Orthodontics. By Richard Parkhouse. Elsevier Science, London, 2003 (185 pp., £95.00). ISBN 0723432287.
Digital Imaging for the General Dental Practitioner: 3. Extra-Oral Imaging
Authors: Sharland M.R.
Published: August 2017

Images of patients, x-rays, study models, and general views of the practice and staff were often left to the more experienced photographer. Digital imaging has rendered the majority of photography possible for the General Dental Practitioner. Difficult lighting conditions were often a problem in the past, but these can largely be overcome with the facilities built into the latest digital technology.
The DycalTry-In Technique for Resin-Bonded Bridges
Authors: Poyser Neil J. , Briggs Peter F.A.
Published: August 2017

The resin-bonded bridge (RBB) is a predictable technique that has a useful place in modern day dentistry. Practitioners' main concerns, regarding this technique, are a lower survival rate when compared with conventional prostheses, and unpredictable aesthetics. Unfortunately, the minimal preparation and adhesive concepts used with RBBs complicates provisional cementation. Ideally, the RBB should be assessed as if it were the definitively bonded prosthesis. It is possible to achieve a good final aesthetic result as the grey shine-through of the metal wing can be eliminated by the use of opaque resin cements such as Panavia 21 OP. Ideally, the restoration should be assessed with an identical opaque try-in paste but, unfortunately, such a proprietary paste is not available. This paper describes the use of Dycal as a try-in paste for provisionally cementing a resin-bonded bridge and the benefits this offers.
Keeping Your Eye on the Ball
Authors: Shetty Rashmi , Sandler P.J.
Published: August 2017

Dentigerous cysts develop from unerupted and impacted permanent teeth. Very rarely, supernumerary teeth are associated with dentigerous cysts and constitute about 5–6% of all dentigerous cysts. Although these cysts are not common in the first decade of life, regular thorough inspection of radiographs is of importance, as indicated by this case report. This case shows how an impacted supernumerary canine developed a dentigerous cyst, engulfing the whole of the maxillary antrum.
Reviewing the Concept of Dahl
Authors: Saha Shuva , Summerwill Anthony J.
Published: August 2017

Toothwear may have a multifactorial aetiology but is often localized to the upper anterior teeth. This is normally accompanied by a loss of interocclusal space. This paper aims to outline the management of localized anterior toothwear. It discusses several options available to create space for anterior restoration, with particular reference to the use of the ‘Dahl’ technique. Dahl described a non-invasive technique to create increased interocclusal space. The increased space eliminates the need for further occlusal reduction during crown preparation which is ideal in the worn dentition. This paper illustrates and describes the clinical applications of Dahl's original technique.
Indirect Aesthetic Adhesive Restoration with Fibre-Reinforced Composite Resin
Authors: Corona S. A. M. , Garcia P. P. N. S. , Palma-Dibb R. G. , Chimello D. T.
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the restoration of an endodontically treated upper first molar with a fibre-reinforced onlay indirect composite resin restoration. The clinical and radiographic examination confirmed that the tooth had suffered considerable loss of structure. Therefore, an indirect restoration was indicated. First, a core was built with resin-modified glass ionomer cement, followed by onlay preparation, mechanical/chemical gingival retraction and impression with addition-cured silicone. After the laboratory phase, the onlay was tried in, followed by adhesive bonding and occlusal adjustment. It can be concluded that fibre-reinforced aesthetic indirect composite resin restoration represented, in the present clinical case, an aesthetic and conservative treatment option. However, the use of fibres should be more extensively studied to verify the real improvement in physical and mechanical properties.
An Update on Psychiatric Disorders in Relation to Dental Treatment
Authors: George Sanju , Saksena Alka , Oyebode Femi
Published: August 2017

Psychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety are commonly encountered in patients presenting to dental practitioners. The symptoms at presentation may not always be straightforward and, if not suspected and specifically explored, can often be missed. If unrecognized and hence subsequently untreated, this can have numerous adverse consequences to the patient and the health service. Hence, it is important that dental practitioners are more aware of the varying presentations, assessment and management of psychiatric disorders in their patients. In this paper, we focus on description of the common psychiatric disorders and their assessment from a dental practitioner's perspective. There is clearly a need for greater collaboration between dental practitioners and psychiatrists.
The Management of Transverse Maxillary Deficiency
Authors: Gill D. , Naini F. , McNally M. , Jones A.
Published: August 2017

The correction of transverse maxillary deficiency can be an important component of an orthodontic treatment plan. A number of different techniques are available for the correction of such discrepancies. The aim of this article is to review the methods available to clinicians discussing their indications, advantages and disadvantages.
A Case of Facial Swelling and Proptosis
Authors: Rahman Shahla , Rahman Waheeda , Rahman Farooq
Published: August 2017

A case of high-grade B cell lymphoma of the maxillary sinus in a 74-year-old caucasian male patient is described. Initial presentation of the tumour commonly simulates odontogenic infection. Dental surgeons should maintain a high degree of suspicion for early diagnosis of maxillary sinus tumours. Appropriate use of CT scans and surgical biopsy is essential in the management of such cases.
Cannon's Disease: Clinical and Diagnostic Implications: A Case Report
Authors: Ram Saravanan , Siar Chong Huat
Published: August 2017

Cannon's disease or white sponge naevus is a relatively rare genetically determined skin disorder. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait that displays a high degree of penetrance and expressivity. This article describes cases of Cannon's disease in a mother and her son.
Book Review
Authors: Clover Marcus , Clover Kiki
Published: August 2017

Open Wide! By Tom Barber. Illustrated by Lynne Chapman. Children's Pre School and Fiction, Chrysalis Books Group, 2004 (£9.99, 32pp.). ISBN 1-85602-505-5.
A Review of Gagging Problems in Dentistry: 1. Aetiology and Classification
Authors: Dickinson C. M. , Fiske J.
Published: August 2017

Some people have a pronounced gag reflex that can be a severe limitation to their ability to accept dental care and the clinician's ability to provide it. It can compromise all aspects of dentistry, from diagnostic procedures to active treatment and can be distressing for all concerned. Many techniques have been described that attempt to overcome the problem. Dentists will undoubtedly see patients with gagging problems and knowledge of a variety of management strategies is necessary to aid the delivery of dental care.

This first paper looks at the background to gagging problems and their classification and categorization prior to clinical treatment. The second article will look at the clinical assessment of the patient presenting for dental treatment with a history of gagging problems. It will also review methods used to manage patients with gagging reflexes during dental treatment.
The Cognitive and Social Development of the Child
Authors: Newton J.T. , Harrison V.
Published: August 2017

The social and psychological development of children from birth to adolescence is described using the framework of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This theory proposes that children's understanding of the world proceeds through four broad stages, with each stage demonstrating an increasingly sophisticated understanding of concepts and how they can be used. The relevance of this development for children's understanding of oral health, disease and dental care is discussed.
Book Review
Authors: Morse Greg
Published: August 2017

Human Disease For Dentistry. Farida Fortune. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, 2004 (296pp., £29.99). ISBN 0-63206-453-6.
Trends in Indirect Dentistry: Conclusions
Authors: Burke FJT
Published: August 2017

Over the past eight issues, the contemporary techniques for indirectly placed restorations have been addressed in the ‘Trends in Indirect Dentistry’ series. Principal conclusions which may be drawn include:
Burkitt's Lymphoma: An Unusual Cause of Lip Numbness
Authors: Cascarini L. , Brown A.E.
Published: August 2017

A 38-year-old man was referred by his dental surgeon with a painful swelling in the right mandibular sulcus and an ipsilateral numb lip. Dental infection secondary to caries was initially diagnosed but biopsy revealed this to be a Burkitt's lymphoma. After intense chemotherapy, the patient is still in remission three years later.

This case is a reminder that malignancy should always be high on a clinician's list of differential diagnoses of jaw swelling associated with neurological abnormalities and prompt referral is essential.
Book Review
Authors: Freeman Ruth
Published: August 2017

A Guide to Prevention in Dentistry. EJ Kay, editor. (Including The Scientific Basis of Oral Health Education by RS Levine and CR Stillman-Lowe.) BDJ Books, London, 2004. (Available from BDA Shop, BDA, 64 Wimpole Street, London W1G8YS: tel. 020 7563 4555; fax 020 7563 4556; email bdashop@bda.org ; website www.bdjbooks.com )
The Twin Block Appliance for the Correction of Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Gill Daljit , Sharma Ashvin , Naini Farhad , Jones Steven
Published: August 2017

A number of treatment approaches are available for the management of Class II malocclusion. Functional appliances are commonly used for the management of mandibular retrognathia in growing subjects. The twin block appliance is the most popular functional appliance in use within the United Kingdom. The aim of this article is to review the clinical management of the twin block appliance and to discuss some of the hard and soft tissue changes that accompany treatment with this appliance.
Do Better Burs Result in Better Restorations?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Effects of diamond bur particle size on dentin bond strength. Y Hosoya, H Shinkawa, C Suefiji, K Nozaka and Garcia-Godoy American Journal of Dentistry 2004; 17: 359-364.
Recent Advances in Conscious Sedation
Authors: Leiten Jason , Lennox Colin , Robb Nigel
Published: August 2017

Conscious sedation for dental procedures is constantly developing. Midazolam remains the most widely used agent, although there has been encouraging research into patient-maintained sedation (PMS) with propofol. This article reviews the use of sedation in children, recent advances with propofol, and outlines current opinion on multiple drug sedation techniques. There is also a description of the current recommendations for training in the practice of conscious sedation.
Will that Material Survive?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Fracture resistance of compomer and composite restoratives. AUJ Yap, SM Chung, WS Chow, KT Tsai and CT Lim. Operative Dentistry 2004; 29:29-34.
Book Review
Authors: Freeman Ruth
Published: August 2017

The Scientific Basis of Oral Health Education. By RS Levine and CR Stillman-Lowe. BDJ Books, London, 2004 (88pp., £19.95p/b). ISBN 0-904588-84-X. (Available from BDA Shop, BDA, 64 Wimpole Street, London W1G8YS: tel. 020 7563 4555; fax 020 7563 4556; email bdashop@bda.org; website www.bdjbooks.com)
Obturators for Cleft Palate and other Speech Appliances
Authors: Walter J D
Published: August 2017

An outline is given of palato-pharyngeal function in the cleft palate patient and how it may be expected to vary from that of the non-cleft subject. The procedure of obturator moulding is described and the functioning of palatal training appliances and palatal supports explained.
How Do You Assess Wisdom Teeth?
Authors: Curtis Adrian
Published: August 2017

The Presurgical Workup before Third Molar Surgery: How much is enough? H Better, I Abramovitz, B Schlomi, A Kahn et al. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2004; 62:689-692.
Side Effects of Bleaching?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Effect of nonvital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on sealing ability of resin composite restorations. M Türkün and S Türkün. International Endodontic Journal 2004; 37:52-60.
Book Review
Authors: Steele John , Bain S C
Published: August 2017

Medical Problems in Dentistry 5th edn. By Crispian Scully CBE and Roderick A. Cawson. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, London, 2004 (£59.00). ISBN 0-44310-145-0.
The Role of the Dental Team in Preventing and Diagnosing Cancer: 3. Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Screening
Authors: Scully Crispian , Newman Laurence , Bagan Jose Vicente
Published: August 2017

Oral cancer is among the ten most common cancers world-wide, and is especially seen in disadvantaged elderly males. Members of the dental profession have a duty to detect both potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions. Early detection and prompt treatment offer the best hope to the patient with oral cancer, providing the best chance of a cure. As patient awareness regarding the danger of oral cancer increases, the demand for oral cancer ‘screening’ is also expected to increase significantly.
Do You Know What A ‘Ferrule’ Is?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Effect of no ferrule on failure of teeth restored with bonded posts and cores. CCH Ng, MI Al-Bayat, HB Dumbrigue, JA Griggs and CW Wakefield. General Dentistry 2004; 52: 143-146.
The Role of the Dental Team in Preventing and Diagnosing Cancer: 4. Risk Factor Reduction:Tobacco Cessation
Authors: Scully Crispian , Warnakulasuriya Saman
Published: August 2017

Tobacco use contributes to many oral and general health disorders. While cigarette smoking is the most hazardous and prevalent form of tobacco use in the industrialized countries, consideration also needs to be given to non-cigarette use such as bidi smoking in India, reverse smoking by several rural populations and use of snuff and chewing tobacco.
Book Review
Authors: Richards Andrea
Published: August 2017

Oral Pathology 4th edition. By JV Soames and JC Southam. Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford University Press, 2004 (£39.95p/b). ISBN 0-19-852794-2.
Surgical Management of the Primary Care Dental Patient on Warfarin
Authors: Randall Christine
Published: August 2017

The management of anti-coagulated dental patients in primary care has changed over the last decade. There is now considerable evidence that many patients can safely be managed without stopping or altering their warfarin. This paper summarizes the evidence and provides guidance for the dentist on identifying which patients can be managed in primary care. Generally, such patients are those with a stable INR within the therapeutic range, between 2.0 and 4.0, undergoing simple extractions, scaling and minor surgical procedures, for whom local haemostatic measures are used, including packing with a haemostatic dressing, suturing and application of local pressure. Management advice is presented in the form of an algorithm providing additional information on postoperative care.
Salivary and Oral Health
Authors: Hamburger John
Published: August 2017

Salivary and Oral Health 3rd edition. By Michael Edgar, Colin Dawes and Denis O'Mullane. BDJ Books, London, 2004 (64pp., £24.95p/b). ISBN 0-904588-87-4.
Periodontal Disease and General Health
Authors: Davies Robin M , Davies Gill M
Published: August 2017

There is considerable interest in the possible relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy complications, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and respiratory diseases. This interest has been stimulated by data obtained from epidemiological studies and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Whilst much of the data support an association between oral and general health, further studies are needed to accept or reject a causal relationship.
The Medical Management and Dental Implications of Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Ahmed M F , Elseed A I
Published: August 2017

Long QT is a disorder of the heart's conduction system. It can be congenital or acquired. The acquired type is caused mainly by medications. The diagnosis of LQT depends on the clinical features, the family history, and the ECG findings. The clinical presentations range from dizziness to syncope and sudden death. The dentist should consult the cardiologist to avoid any complications that may put the LQTS patient at risk. Medications such as erythromycin and antifungals are contra-indicated and should not be prescribed. Local anaesthetics containing adrenaline and bupivacaine should be avoided. Stress can precipitate symptoms and lead to sudden death.
Book Review
Authors: Coomaraswamy Kristian
Published: August 2017

Paediatric Cariology. By C Deery, MT Hosey, P Waterhouse. Quintessence Publishing Co., New Maiden, 2005 (146pp., £28.00h/b). ISBN 1-85097-073-4.
Book Review
Authors: Ricketts David
Published: August 2017

Essentials of Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Management 3rd edition. By Edwina AM Kidd. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005 (£29.95). ISBN 0-19-852978-3.
Book Review
Authors: Speculand B
Published: August 2017

Pain Research and Clinical Management: 14. Assessment and Management of Orofacial Pain. JM Zakrzewska and SD Harrison, eds. London: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005 (£39.99). ISBN 0444509844.
Book Review
Authors: Sands Peter
Published: August 2017

Fixed Prosthodontics in Dental Practice. By Michael O'Sullivan. London: Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd, 2005 (170pp., £28.00h/b). ISBN 1-85097-095-5.
The Use of Relative Analgesia in the Prosthetic Treatment of the ‘Gagging’ Patient
Authors: Lall Barry A , Joarder Camilla , Packer Mark E
Published: August 2017

Obtaining a stable and retentive denture base is a major factor in achieving a successful outcome when providing complete or partial removable dentures. The best results are obtained when the denture bases are well extended, especially in the upper arch. This is complicated when the patient experiences difficulty with the impression phase of treatment due to a hypersensitive gag reflex. Relative Analgesia (RA), also termed inhalational sedation, may be employed to facilitate the taking of dental impressions in patients with a hypersensitive gag reflex. Three patients, who had previous failed attempts to produce a satisfactory dental impression, have been used to illustrate the technique and outcome. It must be noted that the concentration of nitrous oxide required to produce suppression of the gag reflex will vary from patient to patient. This may be irrespective of size and weight; therefore each subject should be individually monitored.
The Assessment of Dental Vocational Training: A Personal View
Authors: Gibson Clive J
Published: August 2017

Following graduation, dentists wishing to practise with the National Health Services Regulations in the UK must complete one year of vocational training. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the current system and proposes a new form of assessment.
Book Review
Authors: Shortall A C
Published: August 2017

Dental Hard Tissues and Bonding: Interfacial Phenomena and Related Properties. G Eliades, DC Watts and T Eliades, eds. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2005 (198 pp. h/b, £77.00; EUR 99.95). ISBN 3-540-23408-X.
A Revolution in the Management of Obstructive Salivary Gland Disease
Authors: McGurk M , Escudier M P , Thomas B L , Brown J E
Published: August 2017

Salivary gland obstruction is the commonest cause of salivary gland disease presenting to the general dental practitioner. To date, with the exception of the most surgically accessible stones found within the anterior ducts, there has been little treatment to offer patients except surgical removal of the gland, with the associated risks to the facial and trigeminal nerves. In the last 10 years, more conservative treatment modalities have been developed, opening up a range of treatment options which combine to provide an alternative management of these cases. This paper presents data from one unit in which lithotripsy, which is the destruction of stones (calculi) using shock waves, basket retrieval, a modified minor surgical technique, and balloon dilatation have been used to treat salivary gland obstruction successfully. Over 70% of stones can now be retrieved leaving a functioning gland.
Chronic Pain Disorder Manifesting as Dental Pain: Case Report
Authors: Taye Teserna , Fineberg Naomi , Sherman Jeremy A , Rao Harish , Creak David
Published: August 2017

Chronic pain disorder is a challenging presentation for the dental surgeon, and carries considerable impairment for the affected individual. Patients undergo extensive unnecessary investigations and treatments before the correct diagnosis is reached. It is frequently a diagnosis of exclusion. We report the case of a 46-year-old man who experienced persistent severe orofacial pain superimposed upon pain involving other anatomical regions for more than 20 years. He received treatment by eight specialties and at five national centres with increasingly poor outcome. The importance of early recognition of medically unexplained pain will be discussed.
Tooth Development: 1. Generating Teeth in the Embryo
Authors: Seppala Maisa , Zoupa Maria , Onyekwelu Obinna , Cobourne Martyn T
Published: August 2017

Teeth are organs that develop in the embryo via a series of interactions between oral epithelium and neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme of the early jaws. These interactions are initiated by the regional production of signalling molecules in the oral epithelium and the transfer of information to the underlying mesenchyme via homeobox gene transcription. This article describes how these interactions are co-ordinated in the embryo during development of the dentition and provides a theoretical basis for the second article in this series; understanding how biologists are attempting to generate teeth artificially in the laboratory.
Book Review
Authors: Ibbetson Richard
Published: August 2017

Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry - A Contemporary Approach 3rd edn. Edited by James B Summitt, J William Robbins, Thomas J Hilton, Richard S Schwartz. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2006. ISBN 0-86715-452-7.
Double Permanent Incisor Teeth: Management of Three Cases
Authors: Crawford Nicola L , North Sarah , Davidson Lesley E
Published: August 2017

Double teeth in the permanent dentition have a reported incidence of 0.1% for Caucasian groups. Common associated problems include adverse aesthetics, caries, periodontal disease, and malocclusions. Management can be challenging, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Three cases are presented illustrating the variety of treatments available.
Book Review
Authors: Lang Anna
Published: August 2017

Evidence-Based Dentistry: An Introduction. A Hackshaw, E Paul, E Davenport. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing (240pp. p/b, £27.50). ISBN 1405124962.
Sarcoidosis Presenting as an Isolated Facial Swelling – An Unexpected Diagnosis?
Authors: Yates J M , Dickenson A J
Published: August 2017

Sarcoidosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology that primarily affects individuals between 30 and 50 years of age. It is usually characterized by the presence of non-caseating, granulomatous, epithelioid tissue at the sites affected with involvement of lymphoid tissue. Sarcoidosis confined to lymph nodes, salivary glands and other tissue in the head and neck is uncommon and usually indicative of a more generalized systemic process. Within the differential diagnosis of isolated masses associated with the head and neck, sarcoidosis is indeed rare. We report a case of systemic sarcoidosis presenting as a small localized facial swelling. The report illustrates that other symptoms, albeit mild, may direct the clinician to a provisional diagnosis of generalized sarcoidosis.
Book Review
Authors: Reece Peter
Published: August 2017

Pocket Atlas of Oral Diseases 2nd ed. By G Laskaris. Stuttgart:Thieme Verlagsgruppe, 2005 (277pp., Eur(D) 34.95). ISBN 3-13-107472-8; ISBN 1-58890-249-8.
Dental Care for the Neglected Mouth of an Adolescent with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
Authors: Sattarzadeh Ali Payam , Blinkhorn Anthony S
Published: August 2017

A case report is presented of the preventive and clinical care of an adolescent with a neglected mouth, complicated by the medical history of cerebral palsy.
Book Review
Authors: Davies Rebecca
Published: August 2017

Radiology for the Dental Professional 8th ed. By HH Frommer and JJ Stabulas-Savage. London: Elsevier, 2005 (£37.99, 56.95 EUR). ISBN: 0-323-03071-8.
Surgical Emphysema Following a Restorative Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Karki AJ , Stokes MM , Fraser JS , Adlam DM
Published: August 2017

Surgical emphysema is a rare complication following a restorative procedure, despite the use of air-driven handpieces. Although most cases resolve spontaneously, it should be correctly managed to avoid potentially life-threatening situations, such as pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax.
Superbugs and the Dentist: An Update
Authors: Dawson Michael P , Smith Andrew J
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an overview of three of the most commonly encountered ‘superbugs’, with a comment on the implications of each for the dental practitioner. The origins of antibiotic resistant micro-organisms lie in the acquisition of resistance genes and selection pressures, with their spread facilitated by inappropriate prescribing and inadequate infection control. Dentists should attempt to rationalize their antibiotic prescribing and ensure that they and other dental staff adhere to standard infection control procedures.
Treatment Approaches for Developmentally Absent Second Premolars
Authors: Gill Daljit S , Kyi Chaw Su , Tredwin Christopher J , Naini Farhad B
Published: August 2017

This paper sets out to discuss the treatment options available for the management of patients with agenesis of second premolars. These include: retention of the deciduous molar, extraction followed by space closure, extraction and utilization of the space for the correction of malocclusion and extraction followed by restoration of the edentulous space.
Book Review
Authors: Martin MV
Published: August 2017

Essentials of Microbiology for Dental Students 2nd edn. J BaggJW MacFarlane, IR Poxton, AJ Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 (317pp., £39.95). ISBN 0-19-856489-9.
Malignant Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Sharma Paul R , Hargreaves Allister D
Published: August 2017

We report the case of a 21-year-old male whose frequent episodes of loss of consciousness in the dental surgery culminated in the postponement of treatment, pending further investigation. The patient was referred to a cardiologist and submitted to head-up tilt testing, which evoked prolonged asystole, associated with loss of consciousness and mild generalized twitching, confirming a diagnosis of malignant vasovagal syncope.

Before dental treatment could be completed, the patient was successfully treated with disopyramide and dual-chamber pacemaker implantation.
Book Review
Authors: Mackie lain C
Published: August 2017

Managing Dental Trauma in Practice. By Richard Welbury and Terry Gregg. London: Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd, 2006 (112 pp, £31.00 h/b). ISBN 1-85097-087-4.
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Guide for the General Dental Practitioner
Authors: Barker Kate , Rogers Simon
Published: August 2017

Bisphosphonates are used most commonly in the management of metastatic malignant disorders to bone and for osteoporosis. The number of patients on treatment is increasing. Although there is clear evidence of medical efficacy, there are increasing numbers of reports concerning bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. This side-effect poses significant problems and is very difficult to treat.

The aim of this article is to outline the proposed pathogenesis, incidence, presenting signs and symptoms, and riskfactors. Also, suggestions are made as to the most appropriate measures for prevention and management of bisphosphonate-associated jaw osteonecrosis.
No More Formocresol
Authors: Ashley Paul
Published: August 2017

Is there life after Buckley's formocresol? Part II - Development of a protocol for the management of extensive caries in the primary molar. CL Patchett, V Srinivasan, PJ Waterhouse. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2006; 16(3): 199-206.
Tuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis: An Unusual Case
Authors: Kokosali Kalliopi , Lloyd Richard E
Published: August 2017

A case is reported of a 52-year-old lady who presented with a swelling of the submental region of unknown aetiology mimicking a dental abscess. Following an excision biopsy of the lesion, the histopathology report revealed a mass of lymph nodes with granulomatous inflammation strongly suggestive of infective aetiology, most probably of mycobacterial (either tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)) origin.

Cervical lymph node enlargement due to NTM remains a diagnostic challenge because of the inconsistent reliability of clinical and laboratory findings. We discuss the significance of caseating granulomatous inflammation in cervical lymphadenitis and provide a brief overview of tuberculosis and a comparison with NTM.
Common Facial Fractures: 1. Aetiology and Presentation
Authors: Pigadas Nicolaos , Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

Fractures of the facial bones are common and, in the West, usually occur as a result of interpersonal violence. Patients may attend dentists in the first instance as derangement of occlusion and other oral symptoms are common.
The Management of Abuse: 1. Setting the Scene
Authors: Juggins K , Panesar J , Sinha S , Acharya P , Jafar H , Bower EJ , Harrison VE , Newton JT
Published: August 2017

This series of articles has been developed to provide all members of the dental team with an understanding of the different forms of abuse, and the political, social and legal context of safeguarding patients. It also aims to assist the dental team in recognizing and managing abuse effectively, by outlining processes whereby dental practitioners can provide a safe environment for their patients to disclose abuse, and identifying protocols for reporting abuse.