bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction of Tetraploids in Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and Its Effects on Morphology and Alkaloid Content
Authors: Li Jing , Yu Ning , Lv Can-Can , Tie Long , Pang Jia-Ju , Zhang Jin-Wang , Wang Jun
Published: September 2024

Phellodendron amurense Rupr. is a precious medicinal tree species in northeast China. However, P. amurense resources have been severely destroyed due to uncontrolled overharvest and the limited innovation of new germplasms by traditional cross-breeding. In this study, polyploid breeding was introduced to the improvement program of P. amurense. Fifty-four tetraploid plants of P. amurense were first produced by colchicine-induced adventitious bud chromosome doubling in stem segment explants. The induction frequency reached 36.16% (1.0 g L−1 colchicine solution for 48 h treatment) and 50.00% (2.0 g L−1 colchicine solution for 24 h treatment), respectively, showing the high efficiency of the somatic chromosome doubling based on the organogenesis system. Tetraploidization resulted in significant phenotypic variation, such as larger and thicker leaves, thicker stems, and bigger stomata. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) analysis identified 59 differentially accumulated alkaloids (DAAs) between the leaf and stem samples of tetraploids, including 32 upregulated and 27 downregulated in stems. For both leaf and stem samples, 18 DAAs were identified between diploids and tetraploids, with 16 DAAs upregulated in tetraploid leaves and 8 upregulated in tetraploid stems, suggesting that polyploidization caused significant alterations in alkaloid contents in leaves and stems of P. amurense. The contents of the main medicinal compounds, such as berberine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine, and palmatine, increased significantly in the leaf and/or stem samples after polyploidization. This finding implied that polyploid breeding might be an effective approach for improving P. amurense, beneficial to preserving and exploiting natural resources.
Agronomic Performance and Yield Stability of Elite White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Genotypes Grown in Multiple Environments in Nigeria
Authors: Olatunji Alice Adenike , Gana Andrew Saba , Tolorunse Kehinde D. , Agre Paterne A. , Adebola Patrick , Asfaw Asrat
Published: September 2024

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a main staple tuber crop in Nigeria and the West African region. Its performance is determined by genotypes and also the environment of growth. This study assessed the agronomic performance and yield stability of elite white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) genotypes across diverse Nigerian environments. A total of 25 genotypes were evaluated at three locations in two consecutive growing seasons, 2022 and 2023, for fresh tuber yield, disease resistance, and tuber quality traits. The genotype’s performance and stability for the measured traits were assessed using various analytical tools such as additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and multi-trait stability index (MTSI). The AMMI analysis revealed significant differences among the genotypes and across the environments for all traits (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). The PCA revealed that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained a substantial portion of the total variation (49.84%). The MTSI identified four clones: G18, G19, G24, and G16 as promising candidates for improved yam production in Nigeria with high and stable performance for the multiple traits.
Cyclic Behavior of Long Concrete Interfaces Crossed by Steel Screws
Authors: Oikonomopoulou Erato , Palieraki Vasiliki , Vintzileou Elizabeth , Genesio Giovacchino
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on long concrete interfaces tested under cyclic actions, fastened with post-installed industrial steel screws. The overall behavior and the effect of roughness were investigated in three long interfaces, representative of connections between, e.g., a slab and a wall, a beam and a wall, etc. The results were compared with those of short interfaces tested by the authors in previous campaigns. It was observed that rough long interfaces activate their maximum resistance at small values of imposed shear slip. When roughness was reduced, the maximum resistance was also reduced, the corresponding shear slip was increased, and the overall behavior was stable. For large values of the shear slip, imposed at one end of the interface, the shear slips along it tended to be uniform, both in short and long interfaces. The limited embedment length of the screws led to their pronounced pullout. Finally, the asymmetry of resistance between the two loading directions that was observed in short interfaces was alleviated in the long ones, where also the scatter of the results was limited among duplicate specimens.
A Machine Learning Approach for Predicting and Mitigating Pallet Collapse during Transport: The Case of the Glass Industry
Authors: Carvalho Francisco , Tavares João Manuel R. S. , Campos Ferreira Marta
Published: September 2024

This study explores the prediction and mitigation of pallet collapse during transportation within the glass packaging industry, employing a machine learning approach to reduce cargo loss and enhance logistics efficiency. Using the CRoss-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) framework, data were systematically collected from a leading glass manufacturer and analysed. A comparative analysis between the Decision Tree and Random Forest machine learning algorithms, evaluated using performance metrics such as F1-score, revealed that the latter is more effective at predicting pallet collapse. This study is pioneering in identifying new critical predictive variables, particularly geometry-related and temperature-related features, which significantly influence the stability of pallets. Based on these findings, several strategies to prevent pallet collapse are proposed, including optimizing pallet stacking patterns, enhancing packaging materials, implementing temperature control measures, and developing more robust handling protocols. These insights demonstrate the utility of machine learning in generating actionable recommendations to optimize supply chain operations and offer a foundation for further academic and practical advancements in cargo handling within the glass industry.
Quality Changes on Cod Fish (Gadus morhua) during Desalting Process and Subsequent High-Pressure Pasteurization
Authors: Fidalgo Liliana G. , Mota Maria J. , D’Amil Juliana , Queirós Rui P. , Pinto Carlos A. , Delgadillo Ivonne , Saraiva Jorge A.
Published: September 2024

During the desalting of salted cod, significant textural, histological, and biochemical changes occur. Understanding these changes is crucial for enhancing the preservation and extending the shelf life of desalted cod. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical quality parameters and enzymatic activities during the desalting process of cod (16 h at 4 and 20 °C) and to extend the shelf life of desalted cod through high-pressure processing (HPP) at 400 and 550 MPa for 5 min. During desalting, a correlation was noted between the pH and trimethylamine content in samples desalted at 20 °C, with both parameters increasing in the initial 4 h and stabilizing thereafter. The soluble protein in cod muscle decreased over desalting time, as it dissolved into the desalting water. Enzymatic activity showed a decline in cathepsins (B and D) and acid phosphatase throughout desalting, whereas lipase activity increased, particularly at 20 °C. HPP effectively extended the shelf life of desalted cod by controlling endogenous microbial growth, enabling an extension to 14–21 days compared to the 7 days observed in untreated control samples. This study highlights quality changes during desalting, with lesser effects at lower temperatures. Subsequent HPP improved the microbiological quality of desalted cod during refrigerated storage.
Comparison of Three Biological Control Models of Pycnoporus sanguineus on Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Pérez-López Ricardo Irving , Romero-Arenas Omar , Parraguirre Lezama Conrado , Romero López Anabel , Rivera Antonio , Cedillo Ramírez Lilia
Published: September 2024

The genus Pycnoporus includes fungi with great potential for the production of antibiotic substances. It is necessary to develop new models to assess their effectiveness against microorganisms with an economic impact, such as phytopathogenic fungi. The objective of this study is to evaluate three models of Pycnoporus sanguineus for the growth inhibition of the phytopathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum. Model 1 involves dual tests of the antagonistic activity of P. sanguineus vs. phytopathogens, Model 2 involves antifungal effectiveness tests of cinnabarin, and Model 3 involves antifungal effectiveness tests of P. sanguineus extract. Models 2 and 3 are contrasted with products containing benomyl and captan. The results show that Model 3 is the most effective in controlling B. cinerea, with an inhibition percentage of 74.34% (p < 0.05) and a decrease in the growth rate (3.85 mm/day; p < 0.05); the same is true for F. oxysporum, with an inhibition percentage of 47.14% (p < 0.05). In general, F. oxysporum exhibits greater resistance (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that P. sanguineus extracts may be used as control agents for fungal species in the same way as other Pycnoporus species. Although commercial products are very efficient at inhibiting phytopathogens, one must consider the disadvantages of their use. In the short term, new models involving Pycnoporus for biological control in food production will be developed.
Study on the Effects of Influence Factors on the Stress and Deformation Characteristics of Ultra-High CFRDs
Authors: Li Hongmei , Wang Jianxin , Lv Yanyuan , Feng Chengming
Published: September 2024

A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate several factors, including dam height, bank slope gradient, water storage times, and phased panel filling, on concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRDs). The analysis identified the three most significant factors to examine their impacts on the stress-deformation characteristics of CFRDs. The results show that the order of influence on the dam body’s stress and deformation characteristics is as follows: dam height > bank slope gradient > water storage times > panel phased construction. From the perspective of stress-deformation of the face slab, water storage times predominantly affect tensile stress, while the bank slope gradient exerts the greatest influence on compressive stress. As the bank slope gradient decreases, the panel’s lateral restraint diminishes, leading to a decrease in the panel’s extrusion efficacy. Consequently, there are notable variations in the panel’s compressive stresses. An increase in dam height correlates with escalating stress and deformation in both the dam and face slab. As the bank slope gradient decreases, the deformation of the dam and face slab, as well as the range of tensile stress of the face slab, also increase. In contrast to a single water storage scenario, the face slab has experienced greater stress and deformation during the initial impoundment under multiple impoundment conditions. Therefore, multiple water storage schemes result in reduced deflection, axial horizontal displacement, and tensile stresses both along the slope and axial in the face slab. Furthermore, the tensile area at the bottom of the face slab transitions into a compressive area.
Intelligent Prediction of Ore Block Shapes Based on Novel View Synthesis Technology
Authors: Bi Lin , Bai Dewei , Chen Boxun
Published: September 2024

To address the problem of incomplete perception of limited viewpoints of ore blocks in future remote and intelligent shoveling-dominated mining scenarios, a method of using new view generation technology to predict ore blocks with limited view based on a latent diffusion model is proposed. Initially, an ore block image-pose dataset is created. Then, based on prior knowledge, the latent diffusion model undergoes transfer learning to develop an intelligent ore block shape prediction model (IOBSPM) for rock blocks. During training, structural similarity loss is innovatively introduced to constrain the prediction results and solve the issue of discontinuity in generated images. Finally, neural surface reconstruction is performed using the generated multi-view images of rock blocks to obtain a 3D model. Experimental results show that the prediction model, trained on the rock block dataset, produces better morphological and detail generation compared to the original model, with single-view generation time within 5 s. The average PSNR, SSIM, and LPIPS values reach 23.02 dB, 0.754, and 0.268, respectively. The generated views also demonstrate good performance in 3D reconstruction, highlighting significant implications for future research on remote and autonomous shoveling.
Determinants of Households’ Resilience to Covariate Shocks: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications from the Kenyan Fisheries and Aquaculture Sectors
Authors: Ochieng Silas , Ogello Erick , Obiero Kevin , Cheserek Maureen
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes the factors influencing households’ resilience capacities to shocks within Kenya’s fisheries and aquaculture sectors and draws from primary data collected from 419 fish-dependent households across Kisumu, Busia, Mombasa, and Kilifi counties. The sample represents a total of 48,000 fishing households. The study adopted a quasi-longitudinal design and computed the household resilience capacity index (RCI) using the resilience index measurement and analysis (RIMA-II) model. The results indicate that male-headed households’ mean household RCI scores (mean = 45.07 ± 10.43) were statistically significant to that of female-headed households (mean = 38.15 ± 9.25), suggesting that female-headed households are associated with lower resilience capacities than male-headed households. Moreover, the study identifies differences in resilience levels across various occupations within the sector. For instance, RCI scores among fish traders (mean = 40.71 ± 9.97), a function performed mainly by women, statistically differed (p < 0.005) from male-dominated cage farming (mean = 48.60 ± 10.47), whereas RCI scores at the production level for fisher folks (mean = 44.89 ± 10.09) and pond farmers (mean = 44.04 ± 12.07) showed no statistical difference (0 > 0.05. Additionally, households with more income sources tend to have higher resilience capacities. Seasonality in fishing cycles limited households’ ability to recover from climate-induced shocks; the more months without fishing activity, the less the odds of recovery from shocks (OR = 0.532, 95% CI [0.163, 0.908], p = 0.022). Furthermore, households that lacked guaranteed market access and inputs during COVID-19 were less likely to recover during and after the shocks (OR = 0.401, 95% CI [0.161, 0.999], p = 0.05). Households organized in cooperatives with better access to credit showed a higher chance of recovery. The study recommends (a) adopting gender-sensitive approaches in fisheries and aquaculture interventions to empower women in trade, (b) strengthening policies to enhance access and adoption of climate-smart technologies such as cage fish farming, (c) promoting livelihood diversification to sustain households’ income during fishing off-seasons, and (d) enhancing market linkages in the fish value chain through coordinated producer organizations. Further research should explore the possibilities of introducing index-based weather insurance and other tested suitable safety nets for the fisheries and aquaculture sector.
Correction: Lončar and Pavlović (2024). “Beyond Quantum Music”—A Pioneering Art and Science Project as a Platform for Building New Instruments and Creating a New Musical Genre. Arts 13: 127
Authors: Lončar Sonja , Pavlović Andrija
Published: September 2024

The authors requested to add the following to the Acknowledgments section of the original publication (Lončar and Pavlović 2024): We want to thank Martin Depken (TU Delft) for his kindness in opening the door to art and science dialogues, organizing concerts and lectures, and establishing links with the scientists at the Bionanoscience department, TU Delft [...]
The Indirect Effect of an Internet-Based Intervention on Third-Party Disability for Significant Others of Individuals with Tinnitus
Authors: Beukes Eldré W. , Andersson Gerhard , Manchaiah Vinaya
Published: September 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention (ICBT) for individuals with tinnitus had an indirect effect on the third-party disability noticed by significant others (SOs). Methods: Significant Others Questionnaire (CTSOQ). Individuals with tinnitus completed standardized self-reported outcome measures for tinnitus severity, anxiety, depression, insomnia, hearing-related quality of life, tinnitus cognitions, hearing disability, and hyperacusis. Results: In total, 194 pairs of individuals with tinnitus and their SOs participated. The impact of third-party disability experienced by SOs was significantly reduced after individuals with tinnitus undertook the ICBT intervention (d = 0.41). This reduced SOs with severe difficulties from 52% to 35%. The remaining impact was mild for 30% and moderate for 35%. SOs with higher baseline difficulties and SOs who were partners (e.g., spouses) were less likely to notice indirect benefits from intervention undertaken by their family members. There was a moderate positive correlation between the post-intervention CTSOQs and the clinical variables of tinnitus severity and depression. Conclusions: Third-party disability may be reduced as an indirect effect of individuals with tinnitus undertaking ICBT. Including SOs of individuals with tinnitus within the rehabilitation process may add additional benefits, and such involvement should be encouraged.
Localization and Tissue Tropism of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 in Blood Clam Anadara broughtonii
Authors: Li Ya-Nan , Zhang Xiang , Huang Bo-Wen , Xin Lu-Sheng , Wang Chong-Ming , Bai Chang-Ming
Published: September 2024

OsHV-1 caused detrimental infections in a variety of bivalve species of major importance to aquaculture worldwide. Since 2012, there has been a notable increase in the frequency of mass mortality events of the blood clam associated with OsHV-1 infection. The pathological characteristics, tissue and cellular tropisms of OsHV-1 in A. broughtonii remain unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the distribution of OsHV-1 in five different organs (mantle, hepatopancreas, gill, foot, and adductor muscle) of A. broughtonii by quantitative PCR, histopathology and in situ hybridization (ISH), to obtain insight into the progression of the viral infection. Our results indicated a continuous increase in viral loads with the progression of OsHV-1 infection, reaching a peak at 48 h or 72 h post-infection according to different tissues. Tissue damage and necrosis, as well as colocalized OsHV-1 ISH signals, were observed primarily in the connective tissues of various organs and gills. Additionally, minor tissue damage accompanied by relatively weak ISH signals was detected in the foot and adductor muscle, which were filled with muscle tissue. The predominant cell types labeled by ISH signals were infiltrated hemocytes, fibroblastic-like cells, and flat cells in the gill filaments. These results collectively illustrated the progressive alterations in pathological confusion and OsHV-1 distribution in A. broughtonii, which represent most of the possible responses of cells and tissues to the virus.
Exploring Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake among Women in the United States: Impact of Social Determinants of Health and Psychosocial Determinants
Authors: Asare Matthew , Owusu-Sekyere Eyram , Elizondo Anjelica , Benavidez Gabriel A.
Published: September 2024

Several non-medical factors, such as income, education, and access to care, directly or indirectly affect adherence to cancer screening guidelines. We examined the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) and psychosocial factors on screening behavior in a nationally representative sample of women in the US. A retrospective population-level cross-sectional sample was extracted from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey. The dependent variables were the interest in cervical cancer screening and the screening behavior. The independent variables included SDOH and psychosocial factors. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographics and covariates, and population-based estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were produced for Pap testing behaviors. Logistic regression models assessed differences in Pap testing based on SDOH and psychosocial factors, adjusting for covariates. The study included 2224 women with a mean age of 46.96. Results showed that 90% of women were interested in cervical cancer screening, with an 80% screening rate. Screening rates varied by age and rurality. SDOH and psychosocial factors influenced both interest and actual screening, with 3% and 1% impacts, respectively. These findings suggest that SDOH and psychosocial factors are associated with cervical cancer screening uptake, highlighting the need for policies to address these disparities. Policies must be directed at bridging the gap created by these SDOHs. Public health professionals and researchers can design interventions using the SDOH and psychosocial frameworks to increase cervical cancer screening uptake.
Egress Safety for STUDIO Residential Buildings
Authors: Darkhanbat Khaliunaa , Heo Inwook , Kim Kang Su , Choi Seung-Ho
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the number of studio residential buildings has increased significantly in Korea, as well as in many other countries, due to changes in living patterns. In Korea especially, there have been many fire accidents in studio residential buildings, which have caused a huge number of casualties and property damages, because the buildings were not adequately equipped for firefighting. In this study, the egress safety of a typical studio residential building in Korea is analyzed. Fire simulations were performed with variables of the fire location and the capacity of the smoke exhaust system to estimate the available safe egress time (ASET); egress simulations were also performed with the variable of egress delay time, and the required safe egress time (RSET) was determined. Then, the egress safety was evaluated, and the criteria for egress safety evaluation were proposed based on the simulation results. A studio residential building with a floor plan different from the prototype was used to validate the proposed egress safety criteria. Finally, a simple evaluation model is presented to estimate the required safe egress time (RSET) without simulation and to examine the impact of bottlenecks.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CHIP Inhibits Haemocyte Proliferation and Differentiation via the Ubiquitination of Runx in the Pacific Oyster
Authors: Dong Miren , Song Ying , Wang Weilin , Song Xiaorui , Wu Wei , Wang Lingling , Song Linsheng
Published: September 2024

Mollusca first evolve primitive immune cells (namely, haemocytes), which assemble a notable complex innate immune system, which are continuously produced through proliferation and differentiation and infused in the haemolymph. As a typical E3 ligase, CHIP is critical for immune cell turnover and homeostasis in vertebrates. In this study, a CHIP homolog (CgCHIP) with a high expression in haemocytes was identified in oysters to investigate its role in the proliferation and differentiation of ancient innate immune cells. CgCHIP exhibited a widespread distribution across all haemocyte subpopulations, and the knockdown of CgCHIP altered the composition of haemocytes as examined by flow cytometry. Mechanistically screened with bioinformatics and immunoprecipitation, a key haematopoietic transcription factor CgRunx was identified as a substrate of CgCHIP. Moreover, amino acids in the interacted intervals of CgCHIP and CgRunx were determined by molecular docking. Experimental evidence from an in vitro culture model of an agranulocyte subpopulation and an in vivo oyster model revealed that the knockdown of CgCHIP and CgRunx had opposing effects on agranulocyte (precursor cells) differentiation and granulocyte (effector cells) proliferation. In summary, CgCHIP negatively regulated agranulocyte differentiation and granulocyte proliferation by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of CgRunx in oysters. These results offer insight into the involvement of ubiquitylation in controlling haemocyte turnover in primitive invertebrates.
Tunneling Nanotube-like Structures in Giardia duodenalis
Authors: Midlej Victor , Tenaglia Albano H. , Luján Hugo D. , de Souza Wanderley
Published: September 2024

Giardia doudenalis (lamblia, intestinalis) is a protozoan parasite that inhabits the lumen of the upper small intestine of vertebrates, causing chronic abdominal pains and severe diarrhea, symptoms of giardiasis, a persistent and recurrent infection. This characteristic is mainly due to the presence of membrane variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs) that give this parasite the ability to successively infect the host through antigenic variation. Using high-resolution scanning microscopy (HR-SM), we observed the presence, formation, and extension of tunneling-nanotube-like surface structures in Giardia, especially following parasite challenges with VSP antibodies. They were seen all over the parasite surface, both in vitro and in vivo, showing that G. duodenalis nanotube formation occurs in complex environments such as the gut. In addition, we also observed that some of these nanotubes displayed a periodic strangulation that produces 100 nm vesicles that seemed to be released in a process similar to that previously observed in Trypanosoma brucei. The presence of nanotube-like structures in G. duodenalis highlights yet another strategy of cellular communication utilized by these parasites, whether between themselves or with the host cell.
Transcriptomic Differences by RNA Sequencing for Evaluation of New Method for Long-Time In Vitro Culture of Cryopreserved Testicular Tissue for Oncologic Patients
Authors: Pei Cheng , Todorov Plamen , Kong Qingduo , Cao Mengyang , Isachenko Evgenia , Rahimi Gohar , Nawroth Frank , Mallmann-Gottschalk Nina , Liu Wensheng , Isachenko Volodimir
Published: September 2024

Background: Earlier studies have established that culturing human ovarian tissue in a 3D system with a small amount of soluble Matrigel (a basement membrane protein) for 7 days in vitro increased gene fusion and alternative splicing events, cellular functions, and potentially impacted gene expression. However, this method was not suitable for in vitro culture of human testicular tissue. Objective: To test a new method for long-time in vitro culture of testicular fragments, thawed with two different regimes, with evaluation of transcriptomic differences by RNA sequencing. Methods: Testicular tissue samples were collected, cryopreserved (frozen and thawed), and evaluated immediately after thawing and following one week of in vitro culture. Before in vitro culture, tissue fragments were encapsulated in fibrin. Four experimental groups were formed. Group 1: tissue quickly thawed (in boiling water at 100 °C) and immediately evaluated. Group 2: tissue quickly thawed (in boiling water at 100 °C) and evaluated after one week of in vitro culture. Group 3: tissue slowly thawed (by a physiological temperature 37 °C) and immediately evaluated. Group 4: tissue slowly thawed (by a physiological temperature 37 °C) and evaluated after one week of in vitro culture. Results: There are the fewest differentially expressed genes in the comparison between Group 2 and Group 4. In this comparison, significantly up-regulated genes included C4B_2, LOC107987373, and GJA4, while significantly down-regulated genes included SULT1A4, FBLN2, and CCN2. Differential genes in cells of Group 2 were mainly enriched in KEGG: regulation of actin cytoskeleton, lysosome, proteoglycans in cancer, TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and endocytosis. These Group 2- genes were mainly enriched in GO: spermatogenesis, cilium movement, collagen fibril organization, cell differentiation, meiotic cell cycle, and flagellated spermatozoa motility. Conclusions: Encapsulation of testicular tissue in fibrin and long-time in vitro culture with constant stirring in a large volume of culture medium can reduce the impact of thawing methods on cryopreserved testicular tissue.
Association of Wild-Type TP53 with Downregulation of Lovastatin Sensitivity in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Chang Yu-Yao , Yang Tsung-Ying , Sheu Gwo-Tarng
Published: September 2024

Statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, and reduce cholesterol synthesis. They also have been demonstrated to improve prognosis in patients with various cancers, suggesting a potential anti-cancer effect of statins. However, there is no consensus on the molecular targets of statins for their anti-cancer effects. Docetaxel (DOC) is a microtubule-stabilizing agent currently used as a chemotherapeutic drug in several cancers, including lung cancer. Interestingly, the anti-cancer effects of either drug that are related to abnormal or wild-type TP53 gene have been implied. Therefore, the drug sensitivity of DOC and lovastatin in human lung cancer cells was evaluated. We found that H1355 (mutant TP53-E285K), CL1 (mutant TP53-R248W), and H1299 (TP53-null) human non-small cell lung cancer cells were more sensitive to lovastatin than A549 and H460 cells expressing wild-type TP53. Conversely, A549 and H460 cells showed higher sensitivity to DOC than H1299 and CL1 cells, as demonstrated by the MTT assay. When endogenous TP53 activity was inhibited by pifithrin-α in A549 and H460 cells, lovastatin sensitivities significantly increased, and cancer cell viabilities markedly reduced. These results indicate that TP53 status is associated with the anti-cancer effect of statins in human lung cancer cells. Mutated or null TP53 status is correlated with higher statin sensitivity. Furthermore, DOC-resistant H1299 (H1299/D8) cells showed significant sensitivity to lovastatin treatment compared to DOC-resistant A549 (A549/D16) cells, indicating a potential application of statins/chemotherapy combination therapy to control wild-type and abnormal TP53-containing human lung tumors.
Atomic Force Microscopy’s Application for Surface Structure Investigation of Materials Synthesized by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Pelevin Ivan A. , Kaminskaya Tatiana P. , Chernyshikhin Stanislav V. , Larionov Kirill B. , Dzidziguri Ella L.
Published: September 2024

Article presents a comparison of surface structure study methods, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning and transition electron microscopy in terms of metallic materials 3D-printed using the laser powder bed fusion technique. The main features, advantages, disadvantages of atomic force microscopy as a research method for the LPBF synthesized samples are discussed in the context of hard magnetic material, specifically Nd-Fe-B. The ability to provide qualitative grain structure analysis with the high-resolution images of atomic force microscopy is comprehensively studied. For confirmation good applicability of the above-mentioned method for LPBF sample analysis images of a magnetic domain structure obtained via atomic force microscopy are presented. Thus, the applicability of atomic force microscopy to the quality microstructural investigation of metallic materials obtained by LPBF is demonstrated.
Mogamulizumab and Concomitant Hypofractionated Low-Dose Total Skin Electron Beam Therapy (2 × 4 Gy) in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Proof of Principle, Report of Two Cases
Authors: Oymanns Mathias , Daum-Marzian Michael , Assaf Chalid
Published: September 2024

Patients with advanced-stage mycosis fungoides (MF IIB–IVB) and Sézary syndrome (SS) have poor prognoses, with survival ranging from 4.7 to 1.4 years depending on the disease stage. There is a need for therapeutic approaches that lead to long-lasting responses and improved quality of life and survival. Mogamulizumab, a humanized antibody against the CCR4 molecule, and low-dose total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) are two known established treatments for MF and SS as a monotherapy. However, little is known about the potential additive effect on the combination of both treatments. We report here for the first time the concurrent use of low-dose hypofractionated TSEBT (2 × 4 Gy) with mogamulizumab. Based on two relapsed/refractory and advanced-stage CTCL patients, we show that this combination may be well tolerated in advanced-stage MF or SS and may potentially lead to an additive treatment effect on response times, particularly in the skin and blood within two weeks. We propose that this combination may be a treatment option for patients with SS. Further research is needed to understand the efficacy and tolerability profile of this therapeutic combination and to determine if there is an additive effect of the combination on the response rates when compared with the monotherapy.
Associations of Longitudinal Multiparametric MRI Findings and Clinical Outcomes in Intra-Articular Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kang Woo Young , Hong Suk-Joo , Bae Ji-Hoon , Yang Zepa , Kim In Seong , Woo Ok Hee
Published: September 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease marked by the degradation of articular cartilage. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between cartilage volume/thickness and clinical outcomes in knee OA patients treated with intra-articular injections over one year. Methods: Twenty-four patients with mild-to-moderate OA were retrospectively analyzed using knee MRI. OA features were assessed semiquantitatively with the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS), while cartilage thickness and volume in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and medial tibial plateau (MTP) were measured. T1ρ and T2 values for MFC cartilage were also recorded. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (K-WOMAC) and Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcomes (KOOS) scores. Spearman’s rank test assessed the associations between imaging changes and clinical outcomes. Results: The baseline MTP and MFC cartilage thickness and MTP cartilage volume showed significant correlations with clinical outcomes. Additionally, less progressive cartilage loss in the medial femorotibial joint (MFTJ) and overall joint was linked to a better clinical response over 12 months. Conclusions: In conclusion, thicker baseline MFTJ cartilage and minimal cartilage loss were associated with favorable clinical outcomes in knee OA patients receiving intra-articular injections.
The Long-Term Effect of Cochlear Implantation on Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Yutian , Yang Huiwen , Niu Xun , Sun Yu
Published: September 2024

Objective: This systematic review investigates the long-term effect of cochlear implantation (CI) on clinical outcomes in tinnitus patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Database Sources: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 30 April 2024. Manual searches of reference lists supplemented these searches when necessary. Review Methods: Original studies included in the meta-analysis had to contain comparative pre- and postoperative data for SNHL patients who underwent CI. Outcomes measured were the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ). Results: A total of 28 studies comprising 853 patients showed significant tinnitus improvement after CI: THI mean difference (MD) −14.02 [95%CI −15.29 to −12.76, p < 0.001], TQ MD −15.85 [95%CI −18.97 to −12.74, p < 0.05], and VAS MD −3.12 [95%CI −3.49 to −2.76, p < 0.05]. Subgroup analysis indicated a significant difference between follow-up periods in THI (p < 0.0001) and VAS loudness (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Cochlear implantation substantially improves tinnitus in patients with hearing loss, though the effect may diminish over time. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Application of Genetic Algorithms for Strejc Model Parameter Tuning
Authors: Ostaszewicz Dawid , Rogowski Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

In this paper, genetic algorithms are applied to fine-tune the parameters of a system model characterized by unknown transfer functions utilizing the Strejc method. In this method, the high-order plant dynamic is approximated by the reduced-order multiple inertial transfer function. The primary objective of this research is to optimize the parameter values of the Strejc model using genetic algorithms to obtain the optimal value of the integral quality indicator for the model and step responses which fit the plant response. In the analysis, various structures of transfer functions will be considered. For fifth-order plants, different structures of a transfer function will be employed: second-order inertia and multiple-inertial models of different orders. The genotype structure is composed in such a way as to ensure the convergence of the method. A numerical example demonstrating the utility of the method of high-order plants is presented.
Energy Efficiency—Case Study for Households in Poland
Authors: Gromada Arkadiusz , Trębska Paulina
Published: September 2024

This article aimed to identify actions to improve energy efficiency in households. A household’s energy efficiency is aimed at obtaining the same or more services with lower energy input. The article presents energy consumption in households in Poland according to Statistics Poland and then discusses the results of the survey, where respondents were asked how they improve their energy efficiency. Improving households’ energy efficiency has gained importance due to increased energy prices in recent years. The most common methods of improving energy efficiency in a household include energy-saving devices and LED lighting, thermal modernization of the building, replacement of the heating system, and changing habits. The results were presented using the documentation and comparative methods. The article uses data from Statistics Poland and surveys conducted among 1112 representatives of households in Poland.
Life Cycle Assessment Comparison of Orchard Tractors Powered by Diesel and Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Authors: Martelli Salvatore , Martini Valerio , Mocera Francesco , Soma’ Aurelio
Published: September 2024

To reduce the impact of the agricultural sector on the environment, human health and resource depletion, several steps should be taken to develop innovative powertrain systems. The agricultural sector must be involved in this innovation, since diesel-powered tractors are an important source in terms of pollution. In this context, fuel-cell systems have gained importance, making them one of the possible substitutes due to their characteristics featuring almost zero local emissions, low refueling time and high efficiency. However, to effectively assess the sustainability of a fuel-cell tractor, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment, comprising production, use phase and end of life, must be performed. This article presents a comparative analysis, according to different impact categories, of the life cycle impacts of a traditional diesel-powered tractor and a fuel-cell hybrid tractor, designed considering operative requirements and functional constraints. The study was conducted according to the LCA technique (defined by ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards), combining secondary data, mainly derived from studies and reports available in the literature, with the use of the Ecoinvent 3.0 database. The results are presented according to ten different impact categories defined by ReCiPe 2016 v 1.03 at the midpoint level. The findings obtained showed that the fuel-cell tractor allows for a relevant reduction in all the considered categories. The highest-impact reduction, more than 92%, was obtained in the human toxicity non-carcinogenic category, while the lowest reduction, around 4.55%, was observed for the fossil fuel scarcity category, mainly due to the adoption of gray hydrogen which is produced from fossil fuels. As for the climate change category, the fuel-cell tractor showed a reduction of more than 34% in the life cycle impact. Finally, the authors also considered the case of green hydrogen produced using solar energy. In this case, further reductions in the impact on climate change and fossil fuel resource depletion were obtained. However, for the other impact categories, the results were worse compared to using gray hydrogen.
Statistical Analysis of Electricity Prices in Germany Using Benford’s Law
Authors: Pavlík Marek , Bereš Matej , Hyseni Ardian , Petráš Jaroslav
Published: September 2024

The year 2022 was marked by a significant increase in electricity prices in Germany, with prices reaching extreme levels due to various geopolitical and climatic factors. This research analyzes the evolution of electricity prices in Germany from 2015 to 2024 and applies Benford’s Law to examine the distribution of the first digits of these prices. Historical electricity price data from Germany, obtained from publicly available sources, were used for the analysis. We applied Benford’s Law to determine the frequency of occurrence of the first digits of electricity prices and compared the results with the expected distribution according to Benford’s Law. We also considered the impact of negative electricity prices. The results suggest that external factors, such as geopolitical events and climatic conditions, have a significant impact on the volatility of electricity prices. Benford’s Law can be a useful tool for analyzing electricity prices, although its application to this market shows certain deviations.
Potential Skin Health Benefits of Abalone By-Products Suggested by Their Effects on MAPKS and PI3K/AKT/NF-kB Signaling Pathways in HDF and HaCaT Cells
Authors: Kim Eun-A , Kang Nalae , Heo Jun-Ho , Park Areumi , Heo Seong-Yeong , Ko Chang-Ik , Ahn Yong-Seok , Ahn Ginnae , Heo Soo-Jin
Published: September 2024

Abalone, a marine edible gastropod with nutritional value, is a popular seafood delicacy worldwide, especially in Asia; however, viscera by-products are generally discarded during processing. Therefore, we investigated the skin health benefits of abalone viscera ultrasonic extract (AVU) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. AVU showed valuable protein contents, indicating that it is a worthy and safe material for industrial application. AVU increased collagen synthesis production and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Collagen Type I Alpha 1, 2, and 3 chains through the transforming growth factor beta/suppressor of mother against the decapentaplegic pathway in HDF cells. AVU also increased hyaluronic acid production, upregulated Hyaluronan Synthases 1, 2, and 3, filaggrin and aquaporin3 mRNA levels, and downregulated hyaluronidase mRNA levels in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed that AVU increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and cyclic AMP response-binding protein activation. AVU activated the transcription factors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and nuclear factor kappa B cell p65 and downregulated the degranulation of inhibitory kappa B in HaCaT cells. Studies of hyaluronic acid production in AVU by inhibiting EKR, p38 and NF-κB have shown that p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling are pivotal mechanisms, particularly in the AVU. These results demonstrated that AVU produced from by-products may improve skin health and may thus be used as a functional food and cosmetics ingredient.
Recent Development in Detection and Control of Psychrotrophic Bacteria in Dairy Production: Ensuring Milk Quality
Authors: Yalew Kidane , Pang Xiaoyang , Huang Shixin , Zhang Shuwen , Yang Xianchao , Xie Ning , Wang Yunna , Lv Jiaping , Li Xu
Published: September 2024

Milk is an ideal environment for the growth of microorganisms, especially psychrotrophic bacteria, which can survive under cold conditions and produce heat-resistant enzymes. Psychrotrophic bacteria create the great problem of spoiling milk quality and safety. Several ways that milk might get contaminated by psychrotrophic bacteria include animal health, cowshed hygiene, water quality, feeding strategy, as well as milk collection, processing, etc. Maintaining the quality of raw milk is critically essential in dairy processing, and the dairy sector is still affected by the premature milk deterioration of market-processed products. This review focused on the recent detection and control strategies of psychrotrophic bacteria and emphasizes the significance of advanced sensing methods for early detection. It highlights the ongoing challenges in the dairy industry caused by these microorganisms and discusses future perspectives in enhancing milk quality through innovative rapid detection methods and stringent processing controls. This review advocates for a shift towards more sophisticated on-farm detection technologies and improved control practices to prevent spoilage and economic losses in the dairy sector.
Particulate Matter and Its Molecular Effects on Skin: Implications for Various Skin Diseases
Authors: Paik Kyungho , Na Jung-Im , Huh Chang-Hun , Shin Jung-Won
Published: September 2024

Particulate matter (PM) is a harmful air pollutant composed of chemicals and metals which affects human health by penetrating both the respiratory system and skin, causing oxidative stress and inflammation. This review investigates the association between PM and skin disease, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific disease pathways involved. Studies have shown that PM exposure is positively associated with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, and skin aging. PM-induced oxidative stress damages lipids, proteins, and DNA, impairing cellular functions and triggering inflammatory responses through pathways like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), NF-κB, and MAPK. This leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines and exacerbates skin conditions. PM exposure exacerbates AD by triggering inflammation and barrier disruption. It disrupts keratinocyte differentiation and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in psoriasis. In acne, it increases sebum production and inflammatory biomarkers. It accelerates skin aging by degrading ECM proteins and increasing MMP-1 and COX2. In conclusion, PM compromises skin health by penetrating skin barriers, inducing oxidative stress and inflammation through mechanisms like ROS generation and activation of key pathways, leading to cellular damage, apoptosis, and autophagy. This highlights the need for protective measures and targeted treatments to mitigate PM-induced skin damage.