bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jesus and the Genome
Authors: Peterson Michael L. , Pawl Timothy J. , Brammell Ben F.
Published: November 2024

Is a coherent worldview that embraces both classical Christology and modern evolutionary biology possible? This volume explores this fundamental question through an engaged inquiry into key topics, including the Incarnation, the process of evolution, modes of divine action, the nature of rationality, morality, chance and love, and even the meaning of life.  Grounded alike in the history and philosophy of science, Christian theology, and the scientific basis for evolutionary biology and genetics, the volume discusses diverse thinkers, both medieval and modern, ranging from Augustine and Aquinas to contemporary voices like Richard Dawkins and Michael Ruse. Aiming to show how a biologically informed Christian worldview is scientifically, theologically, and philosophically viable, it offers important perspectives on the worldview of evolutionary naturalism, a prominent perspective in current science–religion discussions. The authors argue for the intellectual plausibility of a comprehensive worldview perspective that embraces both Christology and evolution biology in intimate relationship.
Designing Empirical Social Networks Research
Authors: Larson Jennifer M.
Published: November 2024

A user-friendly introductory guide to the empirical study of social networks. Jennifer M. Larson presents the fundamentals of social networks in an intuition-forward way which guides theory-driven research design. Substantial attention is devoted to a framework for developing a network theory that will steer data collection to be maximally informative and minimally frustrating. Other features include: Coverage of a range of practical topics including selecting operationalizations, cutting survey costs, and cleaning data; A tutorial for getting started in analyzing networks in R; Technical sections full of examples, points to hone intuition, and practice problems with solutions. Designing Empirical Social Networks Research will be a valuable tool for advanced undergraduates, Ph.D. students in the social sciences, especially political science, and researchers across the social sciences who are new to the study of networks.
An Improbable Psychiatrist
Authors: Lawrence Rebecca
Published: November 2024

An Improbable Psychiatrist is a powerful and insightful story of mental illness, told through the dual lens of a doctor, who later became a patient. Rebecca Lawrence shares her story of being a doctor and a psychiatrist while living with bipolar disorder. She details her experience of being an inpatient on a psychiatric ward, receiving electroconvulsive therapy, training as a doctor, and navigating the challenges of grief, loss, and family. Through her inspiring story, Rebecca aims to reduce the stigma surrounding mental illness and provide comfort to those who suffer from severe mood disorders and those who care for them. Told through engaging and captivating prose, this book will pull you into Rebecca's world and leave you with the powerful reminder that with the right support and treatment, it is possible to live with severe mental illness. Ultimately, this is a story of hope.
Probability Theory, An Analytic View
Authors: Stroock Daniel W.
Published: November 2024

The third edition of this highly regarded text provides a rigorous, yet entertaining, introduction to probability theory and the analytic ideas and tools on which the modern theory relies. The main changes are the inclusion of the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality plus many improvements and clarifications throughout the text. With more than 750 exercises, it is ideal for first-year graduate students with a good grasp of undergraduate probability theory and analysis. Starting with results about independent random variables, the author introduces weak convergence of measures and its application to the central limit theorem, and infinitely divisible laws and their associated stochastic processes. Conditional expectation and martingales follow before the context shifts to infinite dimensions, where Gaussian measures and weak convergence of measures are studied. The remainder is devoted to the mutually beneficial connection between probability theory and partial differential equations, culminating in an explanation of the relationship of Brownian motion to classical potential theory.
The Theory of Countable Borel Equivalence Relations
Authors: Kechris Alexander S.
Published: November 2024

The theory of definable equivalence relations has been a vibrant area of research in descriptive set theory for the past three decades. It serves as a foundation of a theory of complexity of classification problems in mathematics and is further motivated by the study of group actions in a descriptive, topological, or measure-theoretic context. A key part of this theory is concerned with the structure of countable Borel equivalence relations. These are exactly the equivalence relations generated by Borel actions of countable discrete groups and this introduces important connections with group theory, dynamical systems, and operator algebras. This text surveys the state of the art in the theory of countable Borel equivalence relations and delineates its future directions and challenges. It gives beginning graduate students and researchers a bird's-eye view of the subject, with detailed references to the extensive literature provided for further study.
Augmentation or replication? Assessing big data’s role in migration studies
Authors: Bircan Tuba
Published: November 2024

As the field of migration studies evolves in the digital age, big data analytics emerge as a potential game-changer, promising unprecedented granularity, timeliness, and dynamism in understanding migration patterns. However, the epistemic value added by this data explosion remains an open question. This paper critically appraises the claim, investigating the extent to which big data augments, rather than merely replicates, traditional data insights in migration studies. Through a rigorous literature review of empirical research, complemented by a conceptual analysis, we aim to map out the methodological shifts and intellectual advancements brought forth by big data. The potential scientific impact of this study extends into the heart of the discipline, providing critical illumination on the actual knowledge contribution of big data to migration studies. This, in turn, delivers a clarified roadmap for navigating the intersections of data science, migration research, and policymaking.
Goodbye to a Historical Exclusion? The Journey of the Female Corporate Elite over a Century in Spain (1917–2017)
Authors: Chirosa Cañavate Luis , Garrués-Irurzun Josean , Rubio-Mondéjar Juan A.
Published: November 2024

Recently, women’s presence on top boards of directors has significantly increased, challenging the long standing of male-led corporate elites. In light of the still-developing literature, this article provides a century-long examination of women’s entry into the Spanish corporate elite, offering several original contributions. In addition to its pioneering input into the country’s historiography, the work uses a holistic model to introduce a comparative European approach. Moreover, it empirically examines the significant yet previously unexplored impact of elite training institutions on the advancement of female directors as well as their arrival through a national holding company and their presence in leading publicly traded companies. Findings showed four distinct stages in their trajectory: discriminatory exclusion, during the first third of the twentieth century; exceptional inclusion, with early positions in their family-owned firms; gradual incorporation, with increased political representation and expanded academic access in the latter decades of the last century; and promotion, supported by twenty-first-century political strategies, while still revealing the handicap of women’s delayed entry into the corporate network.
Period realization of meromorphic differentials with prescribed invariants
Authors: Chen Dawei , Faraco Gianluca
Published: November 2024

We provide a complete description of realizable period representations for meromorphic differentials on Riemann surfaces with prescribed orders of zeros and poles, hyperelliptic structure and spin parity.
Party-Legislation of Legislating-Party in the Chinese Socialist Rule of Law: The Role of the CCP in the Party-State Legislation Revisited
Authors: Yan Wenjia
Published: November 2024

The wide and deep participation into legislation is a crucial means for the CCP to govern the Chinese Party-state. This Article examines how the CCP as a legislating Party acts in the state legislation as well as in its own internal legislation and what influences the Party’s legislating behaviors bring to the socialist rule of law. By a positivist and typological survey, the Article divides the intra-party regulations into three kinds, namely the pure intra-party regulations, the state-parallel intra-party regulations as well as the supra-state intra-party regulations. On this basis, the Article further analyzes how different types of the intra-party regulations influence the state legislation and, ultimately, the socialist rule of law. Finally, this Article points out that the overexpansion of the intra-party regulations leads to the partisanization of the state legislation and the legalization of the Party legislation which renders the existing separation of the Party and the state feebler and the socialist rule of law could afford more pressures in a foreseeable future.
Entrainment of the shear layer separated from a wall-mounted fence
Authors: Li Sicheng , Wang Jinjun
Published: November 2024

Turbulent entrainment at the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) plays an important role in understanding the turbulent diffusion. While entrainment in fully developed canonical turbulent flows has been extensively studied, the evolution of entrainment in spatially developing flows remains poorly understood. In this work, characteristics of entrainment and the effect of vortices on entrainment of the shear layer separated from a wall-mounted fence are studied by the experiment in a water channel. The shedding vortex experiences a series of stages, including generation, growth, deformation and breakdown into smaller vortices. With the development of the flow, entrainment varies correspondingly. The prograde vortex near the TNTI is found to suppress entrainment but have little effect on the detrainment process, while the retrograde vortex promotes entrainment and suppresses detrainment as well. Consequently, the local entrainment velocity is decreased by the prograde vortex and increased more significantly by the retrograde vortex. Along the streamwise direction, the time-mean entrainment velocity is smallest where the prograde vortex is strongest in the vortex deformation stage. However, the largest time-mean entrainment velocity is located where the enstrophy gradient near the TNTI is greatest after reattachment, rather than where the retrograde vortex is strongest shortly after the breakdown of the shedding vortex, because the scarcity of retrograde vortices in the vicinity of the TNTI makes their long-time cumulative contribution not as significant as their local enhancement. The present study reveals how entrainment evolves in the separated and reattaching flow, and improves our understanding of the effect of vortices on entrainment.
Has bitcoin been dethroned too quickly? The cryptocurrency return networks
Authors: Będowska-Sójka Barbara , Wójcik Piotr , Giordano Sabrina
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the dependencies on the cryptocurrency market using social network tools. We focus on the correlations observed in the cryptocurrency returns. Based on the sample of cryptocurrencies listed between January 2015 and December 2022 we examine which cryptos are central to the overall market and how often major players change. Static network analysis based on the whole sample shows that the network consists of several communities strongly connected and central, as well as a few that are disconnected and peripheral. Such a structure of the network implies high systemic risk. The day-by-day snapshots show that the network evolves rapidly. We construct the ranking of major cryptos based on centrality measures utilizing the TOPSIS method. We find that when single measures are considered, Bitcoin seems to have lost its first-mover advantage in late 2016. However, in the overall ranking, it still appears among the top positions. The collapse of any of the cryptocurrencies from the top of the rankings poses a serious threat to the entire market.
1823: A Year in the Afterlife of Shakespeare and Milton
Authors: Hampton Bryan Adams
Published: November 2024

In 1823, the first edition of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and the manuscript of John Milton’s theological work De Doctrina Christiana (On Christian Doctrine) were both discovered after having been lost to history for centuries. These literary discoveries were subsequently published in 1825, challenging the established perspectives of them: the one as the one as the infallible magician of the stage, and the other as the juggernaut Christian poet. These two documents reshaped how scholars thought about them and their legacies. Shakespeare became a man at work, trafficking in a messy theater and printing culture. Milton became a theological outlaw, increasingly resembling to some his epic’s grand antagonist.
The Invisibility of Sudan’s Civil War
Authors: Vella Gregory Isabelle
Published: November 2024

The civil war in Sudan, often overshadowed by other global conflicts, has deep roots in the country’s colonial past and ongoing struggles with governance. Despite early hopes for democracy, the situation deteriorated, leading to widespread violence and humanitarian crises. The war has seen mass displacement and severe restrictions on communication. Academia cannot remain silent in the face of such events. More importantly, we need to re-centre our practices from the outset, not just during in times of war. Archaeology plays a crucial role in this endeavour, but only if it actively moves away from its colonial past. The archaeological project at Jebel Moya is a fully joint collaboration between Sudanese archaeologists and those based in the Global North. It highlights the intersection of archaeology and contemporary conflict, underscoring the importance of equitable partnerships in post–colonial contexts. The narrative calls for international support for Sudanese scholars and students, emphasizing the need for flexibility, assistance, and a platform for Sudanese voices in the global academic community.
Stew: Professor of Punk Rock and Musical Theater
Authors: Van Camp Andrew G.
Published: November 2024

Stew (born Mark Stewart) is a punk rocker and musical theater writer and performer. This profile combines new interviews of Stew with an analysis of his Tony Award-winning musical Passing Strange, which was recently revived in the West End, to illuminate how his rock music-inspired persona influences his approach to creating musicals.
The two grand movements of socialism and their dialectics: A global Retrospect
Authors: Therborn Göran
Published: November 2024

This is an attempt to locate the idea of socialism and the socialist and working-class movements in history. This will here be done by relating the trajectory of socialism to capitalism, as a rival, and by highlighting the main social forces carrying the idea of socialism in the 20th century. These forces were two grand social dialectics, that of industrial capitalism and its generating working-class growth and strength; and, little studied, the dialectic of capitalist colonialism which needed and created a subordinated colonial intelligentsia, which came to organize and lead anti-colonial movements to independence, very often under a banner of socialism. Both dialectics have now largely expired. The victories of socialism were nowhere constructions of fully postcapitalist societies but vehicles of precapitalist development. Here achivements were considerable, as were socialist reforms within capitalist societies. However, catching up with its older and richer brother caitalism turned out an ever elusive goal of socialism, and the socialist horizon faded. A new postcapitalist vision is emerging with the climate crisis.
Looping Bureaucracies. Imperial Administrations and Socio-Political Change in Asia (1750–1950)
Authors: Lyna Dries , Bulten Luc , Aspengren Henrik Chetan
Published: November 2024

From the early modern period onwards, European dynasties sought to expand their power in South and Southeast Asia, establishing localised institutions that incorporated both European models and precolonial Asian practices. Studies on local resistance to imposed bureaucratisation overlook how locals navigated the bureaucracy for societal or political change. In this special issue, historians of colonial India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia investigate how knowledge products of European bureaucracies provided unintended opportunities for local agents to navigate the imperial state, and moreover to alter said knowledge products or bureaucracies. The authors critically engage with the concept of the “looping effect,” coined by the late Canadian philosopher of science Ian Hacking, to describe a process where administrative practices led to social mobilisation in colonial contexts.
History in the plural: Reconfigurations of past–present–future
Authors: Çapan Zeynep Gülşah
Published: November 2024

Narratives of the making of the international have a specific configuration of past–present–future that constitutes the unitary character of historical time and continues to reproduce spatio-temporal hierarchies. The article argues that the historical turn in IR has addressed spatio-temporal hierarchies through different timing strategies but has not sufficiently problematised the concept of History specifically with respect to unitary historical time. The article focuses on the problem of a unitary historical time; building on works that have underlined how the past, the present, and the future are not fixed entities given to us by an objective ‘truth’ but rather performatively constructed through different politics of time, it aims to develop an analytical vocabulary to further explore how to write history in the plural. How to write history in the plural will be explored through three different readings of the Haitian Revolution, underlining ‘timeliness/untimeliness’, dialogues between presents and pasts and futures, and past and multiple presents aiming to expand our analytical vocabulary in discussing the historical time of the international.
MSCs in positional neutralisation: the problem of gapped inventories
Authors: Gouskova Maria
Published: November 2024

Do inputs need to be restricted on a language-specific basis? Classic Optimality Theory claims that they do not: the rich base is filtered by constraints that yield full contrast, complementary distributions or positional neutralisation depending on the ranking. The problem arises when positional neutralisation affects a gappy contrast. In Russian, voicing neutralisation works on all obstruents alike, including non-contrastively voiceless ones – but it creates voiced allophones that are otherwise disallowed. In the popular OT account of positional neutralisation, analysing these cases requires handling voicing twice: once for all segments, then again for gaps. I argue that the solution is to relax the rich base assumption by ruling gaps out at the UR level through morpheme structure constraints (Halle 1959 et seq.).
Nonmonetary and monetary explanations for inflation: the UK in the 1970s
Authors: Oliver Michael J.
Published: November 2024

In a series of academic publications, Edward Nelson has contended that from the 1950s until the late 1970s, UK policymakers failed to recognise the primacy of monetary policy in controlling inflation. He argues that the highwater mark of monetary policy neglect occurred in the 1970s. This thesis has been rejected by Duncan Needham who has explored several experiments with monetary policy from the late 1960s and challenged the assertion that the authorities neglected monetary policy during the 1970s. Drawing on evidence from the archives and other sources, this article documents how the UK authorities wrestled with monetary policy following the 1967 devaluation of sterling. Excessive broad money growth during the early 1970s was followed by the highest level of peacetime inflation by 1975. The article shows that despite the experiments with monetary policy, a nonmonetary view of inflation dominated the mindset of policymakers during the first half of the 1970s. In the second half of the 1970s there was a change in emphasis and monetary policy became more prominent in economic policymaking, particularly when money supply targets were introduced. Despite this, the nonmonetary view of inflation dominated the decision processes of policymakers during the 1970s.
Acute myocarditis in a paediatric patient with pre-existing dilated cardiomyopathy following SARS-COV-2 infection: a journey from decompensation to heart transplantation
Authors: Suarez Joana , Menezes Isabel , Brito Maria João , Larango Sérgio
Published: November 2024

A 10-year-old child with stabilised idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was admitted to the hospital with sudden worsening of heart failure. Further analysis showed increased NT-proBNP and positive for COVID-19. Myocarditis secondary to COVID-19 was assumed. Recurrent hospitalizations with inotropic support were required due to the progressive worsening of cardiac function. Seven months after SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis, she underwent heart transplantation.
Local Transparency: Are Non-Partisan Mayors Making the Difference?
Authors: Brás Gonçalo Rodrigues , Pereira Soraia , Dowley Kathleen M.
Published: November 2024

The central question guiding this research is whether municipal councils governed by mayors with party membership differ significantly in their transparency from those governed by non-partisan mayors. Although this is an exploratory study that does not seek to test hypotheses, there are ongoing lively theoretical debates about the implications stemming from the decline of traditional parties and partisanship, and the rise of independent local lists (ILLs) (as well as the rise of new challenger parties). Dealing with unbalanced panel data from 308 Portuguese municipal councils from 2013 to 2017, we use a Bayesian hierarchical model based on a Beta regression. Our findings suggest that there are no differences in local transparency levels—as measured by the Municipal Transparency Index—in municipal councils governed by mayors with party membership and those by non-partisan mayors. Given that transparency is a common concern for both party- and non-party–aligned local governments as well as voters, this preliminary analysis asks important substantive questions about the promises that many ILLs make about their ability to clean up party politics and return power to “the people.”
Why health systems cannot fix problems caused by food systems: a call to integrate accountability for obesity into food systems policy
Authors: Reeve Erica , Farrell Penny , Thow Anne Marie , Mauli Senoveva , Patay Dori
Published: November 2024

Overweight and obesity now impact one-third of the entire adult population globally, and play a role in the development of 3 of the 4 more common causes of death. Accountability systems for obesity prevention centring on food environment policies and health system strengthening have been vital for raising awareness to the lack of progress in prevention. However, health systems have struggled to prevent and treat obesity – in part because critical food systems reforms largely lay outside the mandate of health sectors and with government agencies for agriculture, industry, infrastructure, trade and investment, and finance. In this commentary we highlight aspects of food systems that are driving poor diets and obesity, and demonstrate a powerful but largely overlooked opportunity for accountability mechanisms for obesity that better address food systems as a main driver. We draw on lessons generated in the Pacific Islands Region where they have demonstrated remarkable commitment to obesity prevention through food system reforms, and the adoption of accountability systems that bring leaders to account on these. We make recommendations for accountability mechanisms that facilitate greater cooperation of food systems sectors on obesity and NCD prevention.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Information Concealment Scale for Caregivers of palliative care patients
Authors: Çamcı Gülşah , Oğuz Sıdıka , Ziya Özdemir Mehmet
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This methodological study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Information Concealment Scale for Caregivers of palliative care patients.

Methods

The study was conducted between January and June 2023 with 155 caregivers who cared for patients hospitalized in the palliative care units of 2 hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for validity analysis. Cronbach’s α, item-total correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson correlation analysis were used for reliability analysis.

Results

Of the participants, 54.2% were female and 69% were married. The mean age was 37.96 ± 12.25 years. According to the exploratory factor analysis, the scale consisted of 3 subscales and 15 items. The first subscale of the scale was expressed as “misrepresentation of the disease’; the second subscale was defined as “concealment of information”; the third subscale was defined as “misrepresentation of the real situation.” As a result of the modifications made in confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness-of-fit values were as follows: CMIN/DF(X2/Sd) = 175.16/815 = 2.16; GFI = 0.88; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.079; RMR = .070; NFI = 0.90. The Cronbach’s α values of the subscale were between 0.79 and 0.87. ICC values were between 0.90 and 0.95 at a confidence interval of 95%. A positive correlation was determined between the subscales.

Significance of results

It was determined that the Turkish version of the Information Concealment Scale was a valid and reliable tool for caregivers.
Maternal under-nutrition during pregnancy alters the molecular response to over-nutrition in multiple organs and tissues in nonhuman primate juvenile offspring
Authors: Cox Laura A. , Puppala Sobha , Chan Jeannie , Riojas Angelica M. , Lange Kenneth J. , Birnbaum Shifra , Dick Edward J. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Nijland Mark J. , Li Cun , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Olivier Michael
Published: November 2024

Previous studies in rodents suggest that mismatch between fetal and postnatal nutrition predisposes individuals to metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that in nonhuman primates (NHP), fetal programming of maternal undernutrition (MUN) persists postnatally with a dietary mismatch altering metabolic molecular systems that precede standard clinical measures. We used unbiased molecular approaches to examine response to a high fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus sugar drink (HFCS) challenge in NHP juvenile offspring of MUN pregnancies compared with controls (CON). Pregnant baboons were fed ad libitum (CON) or 30% calorie reduction from 0.16 gestation through lactation; weaned offspring were fed chow ad libitum. MUN offspring were growth restricted at birth. Liver, omental fat, and skeletal muscle gene expression, and liver glycogen, muscle mitochondria, and fat cell size were quantified. Before challenge, MUN offspring had lower body mass index (BMI) and liver glycogen, and consumed more sugar drink than CON. After HFCS challenge, MUN and CON BMIs were similar. Molecular analyses showed HFCS response differences between CON and MUN for muscle and liver, including hepatic splicing and unfolded protein response. Altered liver signaling pathways and glycogen content between MUN and CON at baseline indicate in utero programming persists in MUN juveniles. MUN catchup growth during consumption of HFCS suggests increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Greater sugar drink consumption in MUN demonstrates altered appetitive drive due to programming. Differences in blood leptin, liver glycogen, and tissue-specific molecular response to HFCS suggest MUN significantly impacts juvenile offspring ability to manage an energy rich diet.
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Spatio‐Temporal Stream Network Sensor Data
Authors: Santos‐Fernandez Edgar , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Peterson Erin E. , McGree James , Villa Cesar A. , Leigh Catherine , Turner Ryan , Roberts Cameron , Mengersen Kerrie
Published: November 2024

The use of in‐situ digital sensors for water quality monitoring is becoming increasingly common worldwide. While these sensors provide near real‐time data for science, the data are prone to technical anomalies that can undermine the trustworthiness of the data and the accuracy of statistical inferences, particularly in spatial and temporal analyses. Here we propose a framework for detecting anomalies in sensor data recorded in stream networks, which takes advantage of spatial and temporal autocorrelation to improve detection rates. The proposed framework involves the implementation of effective data imputation to handle missing data, alignment of time‐series to address temporal disparities, and the identification of water quality events. We explore the effectiveness of a suite of state‐of‐the‐art statistical methods including posterior predictive distributions, finite mixtures, and Hidden Markov Models (HMM). We showcase the practical implementation of automated anomaly detection in near‐real time by employing a Bayesian recursive approach. This demonstration is conducted through a comprehensive simulation study and a practical application to a substantive case study situated in the Herbert River, located in Queensland, Australia, which flows into the Great Barrier Reef. We found that methods such as posterior predictive distributions and HMM produce the best performance in detecting multiple types of anomalies. Utilizing data from multiple sensors deployed relatively near one another enhances the ability to distinguish between water quality events and technical anomalies, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of anomaly detection. Thus, uncertainty and biases in water quality reporting, interpretation, and modeling are reduced, and the effectiveness of subsequent management actions improved.
Seismic Wave Detectability on Venus Using Ground Deformation Sensors, Infrasound Sensors on Balloons and Airglow Imagers
Authors: Garcia Raphael F. , van Zelst Iris , Kawamura Taichi , Näsholm Sven Peter , Horleston Anna , Klaasen Sara , Lefèvre Maxence , Solberg Celine Marie , Smolinski Krystyna T. , Plesa Ana‐Catalina , Brissaud Quentin , Maia Julia S. , Stähler Simon C. , Lognonné Philippe , Panning Mark P. , Gülcher Anna , Ghail Richard , De Toffoli Barbara
Published: November 2024

The relatively unconstrained internal structure of Venus is a missing piece in our understanding of the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Detection of seismic waves generated by venusquakes is crucial to determine the seismic structure of Venus' interior, as recently shown by the new seismic and geodetic constraints on Mars' interior obtained by the InSight mission. In the next decade multiple missions will fly to Venus to explore its tectonic and volcanic activity, but they will not be able to conclusively detect seismic waves, despite their potential to detect fault movements. Looking toward the next fleet of Venus missions after the ones already decided, various concepts to measure seismic waves have been proposed. These detection methods include typical geophysical ground sensors already deployed on Earth, the Moon, and Mars; pressure sensors on balloons; and imagers of high altitude emissions (airglow) on orbiters. The latter two methods target the detection of the infrasound signals generated by seismic waves and amplified during their upward propagation. Here, we provide a first comparison between the detection capabilities of these different measurement techniques and recent estimates of Venus' seismic activity. In addition, we discuss the performance requirements and measurement durations required to detect seismic waves with the various detection methods. Our study clearly presents the advantages and limitations of the different seismic wave detection techniques and can be used to drive the design of future mission concepts aiming to study the seismicity of Venus.
Estimation of Mud and Sand Fractions and Total Concentration From Coupled Optical‐Acoustic Sensors
Authors: Tran Duc , Jacquet Matthias , Pearson Stuart , Van Prooijen Bram , Verney Romaric
Published: November 2024

Optical turbidity and acoustic sensors have been widely used in laboratory experiments and field studies to investigate suspended particulate matter concentration over the last four decades. Both methods face a serious challenge as laboratory and in‐situ calibrations are usually required. Furthermore, in coastal and estuarine environments, the coexistence of mud and sand often results in multimodal particle size distributions, amplifying erroneous measurements. This paper proposes a new approach of combining a pair of optical turbidity‐acoustic sensors to estimate the total concentration and sediment composition of a mud/sand mixture in an efficient way without an extensive calibration. More specifically, we first carried out a set of 54 bimodal size regime experiments to derive empirical functions of optical‐acoustic signals, concentrations, and mud/sand fractions. The functionalities of these relationships were then tested and validated using more complex multimodal size regime experiments over 30 optical‐acoustic pairs of 5 wavelengths (420, 532, 620, 700, 852 nm) and six frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 MHz). In the range of our data, without prior knowledge of particle size distribution, combinations between optical wavelengths 620–700 nm and acoustic frequencies 4–6 MHz predict mud/sand fraction and total concentration with the variation <10% for the former and <15% for the later. The results also suggest that acoustic‐acoustic signals could be combined to produce meaningful information regarding concentration and mud/sand fraction, while no useful knowledge could be extracted from a combination of optical‐optical pairs. This approach therefore enables the robust estimation of suspended sediment concentration and composition, which is particularly practical in cases where calibration data is insufficient.
PD-L2 of tumor-derived exosomes mediates the immune escape of cancer cells via the impaired T cell function
Authors: Liu Tongfeng , Cheng Shuwen , Peng Bo , Zang Haojing , Zhu Xiaofeng , Wang Xuetong , Zhao Xujie , Gu Yinmin , Pan Yongbo , Hu Hongbo , Gao Shan
Published: November 2024

The function of PD-1/PD-L1 axis have been intensively studied for immune escape of various cancers. However, the underlying function of PD-L2 remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that PD-L2 is majorly expressed in exosomes with surface localization by clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells. Tumor cell-derived exosome PD-L2 (TDE-PD-L2) exhibits high expression compared with TDE-PD-L1 in various cancers. In the absence of adaptive immune, TDE-PD-L2 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis. Under immune competence condition, TDE-PD-L2 is hijacked by immune cells in a PD-1-dependent manner to systematically dampen function of T cells via the increased proportion of the regulatory T cells and the decreased proportion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in both tumor-infiltrating T cells and spleen. The effects of TDE-PD-L2 on tumor is restored by antibodies targeting PD-L2. Collectively, we demonstrate that PD-1/TDE-PD-L2 axis systematically suppresses T cell functions, representing a potentially therapeutic strategy for ccRCC treatment.
DKK1+ tumor cells inhibited the infiltration of CCL19+ fibroblasts and plasma cells contributing to worse immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fan Guangyu , Gao Ruyun , Xie Tongji , Li Lin , Tang Le , Han Xiaohong , Shi Yuankai
Published: November 2024

Intra-tumor immune infiltration plays a pivotal role in the interaction with tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its phenotype and related spatial structure remained elusive. To address these limitations, we conducted a comprehensive study combining spatial data (38,191 spots from eight samples) and single-cell data (56,022 cells from 20 samples). Our analysis revealed two distinct infiltration patterns: immune exclusion and immune activation. Plasma cells emerged as the primary cell type within intra-tumor immune clusters. Notably, we observed the co-location of CCL19+ fibroblasts with plasma cells, which secrete chemokines and promote T-cell activation and leukocyte migration. Conversely, in immune-exclusion samples, this co-location was primarily observed in the adjacent normal area. This co-localization correlated with T cell infiltration and the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, validated by multiplex immunofluorescence conducted on twenty HCC samples. Both CCL19+ fibroblasts and plasma cells were associated with favorable survival outcomes. In an immunotherapy cohort, HCC patients who responded favorably exhibited higher infiltration of CCL19+ fibroblasts and plasma cells. Additionally, we observed the accumulation of DKK1+ tumor cells within the tumor area in immune-exclusion samples, particularly at the tumor boundary, which inhibited the infiltration of CCL19+ fibroblasts and plasma cells into the tumor area. Furthermore, in immune-exclusion samples, the SPP1 signaling pathway demonstrated the highest activity in communication between tumor and immune clusters, and CCL19-CCR7 played a pivotal role in the self-communication of immune clusters. This study elucidates immune exclusion and immune activation patterns in HCC and identifies relevant factors contributing to immune resistance.
Oocyte death is triggered by the stabilization of TAp63α dimers in response to cisplatin
Authors: Abazarikia Amirhossein , So Wonmi , Xiao Shuo , Kim So-Youn
Published: November 2024

The TAp63α protein is highly expressed in primordial follicle oocytes, where it typically exists in an inactive dimeric form. Upon DNA damage, TAp63α undergoes hyperphosphorylation, transitioning from a dimeric to a tetrameric structure, which initiates oocyte apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptotic gene. Our results demonstrate that cisplatin, an alkylating anti-cancer agent, predominantly produced the TAp63α dimer rather than the tetramer. We further observed that TAp63α protein accumulation occurred in primordial follicle oocytes following cisplatin treatment, and this accumulation was significantly reduced by cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. These findings suggest that TAp63α accumulation is driven primarily by de novo protein synthesis in response to DNA damage. Notably, cycloheximide protected oocytes from cisplatin-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced levels of both PUMA, a known pro-apoptotic target gene of TAp63α, and TAp63α itself. Additionally, TAp63α turnover appears to be regulated by ubiquitination and proteasome degradation, as evidenced by TAp63α accumulation without oocyte death when treated with PYR-41, a pharmacological inhibitor. However, when TAp63α was stabilized by PYR-41 and subsequently activated by cisplatin, oocyte death occurred, marked by increased γH2AX and Cleaved PARP. Moreover, the Casein kinase 1 inhibitor PF-670462 effectively blocked cisplatin-induced oocyte death, indicating that CK1-mediated phosphorylation is essential for TAp63α activation, even in the absence of tetramer formation. The ATR inhibitor BEZ235 prevented cisplatin-induced TAp63α accumulation, suggesting that TAp63α accumulation precedes its phosphorylation-driven activation. Collectively, our study reveals a novel mechanism of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in primordial follicle oocyte through TAp63α stabilization and accumulation, independent of tetramerization.
Rigid and planar π-conjugated molecules leading to long-lived intramolecular charge-transfer states exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Kuila Suman , Miranda-Salinas Hector , Eng Julien , Li Chunyong , Bryce Martin R. , Penfold Thomas J. , Monkman Andrew P.
Published: November 2024

Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) occurs when photoexcitation causes electron transfer from an electron donor to an electron acceptor within the same molecule and is usually stabilized by decoupling of the donor and acceptor through an orthogonal twist between them. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) exploits such twisted ICT states to harvest triplet excitons in OLEDs. However, the highly twisted conformation of TADF molecules results in limited device lifetimes. Rigid molecules offer increased stability, yet their typical planarity and π-conjugated structures impedes ICT. Herein, we achieve dispersion-free triplet harvesting using fused indolocarbazole-phthalimide molecules that have remarkably stable co-planar ICT states, yielding blue/green-TADF with good photoluminescence quantum yield and small singlet-triplet energy gap < 50 meV. ICT formation is dictated by the bonding connectivity and excited-state conjugation breaking between the donor and acceptor fragments, that stabilises the planar ICT excited state, revealing a new criterion for designing efficient TADF materials.
Antarctic extreme seasons under 20th and 21st century climate change
Authors: Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Caton Harrison Thomas , Holmes Caroline R. , Lu Hua , Martineau Patrick , Phillips Tony
Published: November 2024

In this study, available large ensemble datasets in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 6 (CMIP6) archive were used to provide the first multi-variate overview of the evolution of extreme seasons over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean during the 20th and 21st centuries following medium-to-high radiative forcing scenarios. The results show significant differences between simulated changes in background mean climate and changes in low (10th percentile) and high (90th percentile) extreme seasons. Regional winter warming is most pronounced for cold extremes. In summer, there are more pronounced increases in high extremes in precipitation and westerly wind during the ozone hole formation period (late 20th century), affecting coastal regions and, in particular, the Antarctic Peninsula. At midlatitudes, there is a reduction in the range of summer season wind extremes. Suggested mechanisms for these differences are provided relating to sea ice retreat and westerly jet position.
Chemical reactivity of weathered nanoplastics and their interactions with heavy metals
Authors: Huang Yingnan , Dang Fei , Wang Yujun
Published: November 2024

Nanoplastics (NPs) are chemically reactive following abiotic and biotic weathering processes. These weathered NPs have the potential to facilitate the transformation of legacy contaminants, such as heavy metals.
Property-based optimisation of PROTACs
Authors: Scott James S. , Michaelides Iacovos N. , Schade Markus
Published: November 2024

PROTACs are an emerging therapeutic approach towards targeted protein degradation. This article examines the leading examples of this modality that are in clinical development through the prism of their physicochemical properties.
Extracellular vesicles of different cellular origin feature distinct biomolecular corona dynamics
Authors: Musicò Angelo , Zendrini Andrea , Reyes Santiago Gimenez , Mangolini Valentina , Paolini Lucia , Romano Miriam , Papait Andrea , Silini Antonietta Rosa , Di Gianvincenzo Paolo , Neva Arabella , Cretich Marina , Parolini Ornella , Almici Camillo , Moya Sergio E. , Radeghieri Annalisa , Bergese Paolo
Published: November 2024

We implemented fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to track biomolecular corona formation on extracellular vesicles in human plasma. Applied to red blood cell and mesenchymal stromal cell vesicles, the method revealed distinct corona dynamics.
Mesomorphic and photochromic luminescent behaviour of side-chain liquid crystalline polymers containing di-substituted cyanostilbene groups with different numbers of alkyl tail chains
Authors: Luo Juan , Wang Juan , Zhang Junde , Cao Huizi , Chen Xiaofang
Published: November 2024

Various mesomorphic phases and photoinduced fluorescence enhancement have been found in side-chain liquid crystalline polymers.
A stereoselective organocatalyzed C-glycosylation of indole: implications of acceptor–catalyst–donor interactions
Authors: Xie Lihuang , Liu Wenchao , Guo Zhenbo , Jiao Qinbo , Shen Xiaomin , Liu Tianfei , Xu Chunfa
Published: November 2024

A stereoselective organocatalyzed C-glycosylation of indole is presented, featuring the plausible formation of a catalyst–acceptor complex and a crucial H-bond between the N–H group of indole and the oxygen atom at the C6 position of the sugar donor.
Selective lignin depolymerization via transfer hydrogenolysis using Pd/hydrotalcite catalysts: model compounds to whole biomass
Authors: Dolan Darren , Brucato Rebekah , Reid Christopher , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen , Voutchkova-Kostal Adelina M.
Published: November 2024

Efficient lignin depolymerization via transfer hydrogenolysis and decarbonylation using Pd hydrotalcite catalysts with ethanol as a renewable hydrogen donor enables mild, economically viable lignin valorization and high phenolic monomer yield.
Pd(ii)-catalyzed enantioselective C–H olefination and photoregulation of sterically hindered diarylethenes
Authors: Zhang Guanlun , Wu Xu , Mao Shiyu , Li Mengqi , Hu Honglong , Shi Bing-Feng , Zhu Wei-Hong
Published: November 2024

We have for the first time directly constructed intrinsic chiral diarylethenes through an enantioselective C–H olefination strategy.
Lignin as a sustainable precursor for electrodes and electrolytes of emerging supercapacitors
Authors: Ayinla Ridwan T. , Elsayed Islam , Hassan El Barbary
Published: November 2024

Lignin, an affordable renewable bioresource, is one of the most abundant naturally existing polymers, popular for its high carbon content and rich functional groups.
Room-temperature, one-step synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles using morpholine as a complexing and precipitating agent: toward a cathode material for zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Mohamed Saad G. , Wan Jixu , Li Xuejin
Published: November 2024

This study presents an eco-friendly synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles via a 24-hour room-temperature reaction with morpholine and manganese nitrate. As a zinc-ion battery cathode, Zn//Mn3O4 showed a 209.7 mAh g−1 capacity after 300 cycles at 0.6 A g−1.