bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF SOCIAL-LABOR RELATIONS IN THE REGION
Authors: Slivinska Nataliia
Published: September 2019

In the article the features of functioning of sociallabour relations are investigational in an agrarian region, the important problems of their development that results in regional differences in quality of life of population are educed. A labour-market to the Ternopil area depends on changes in an economy, demographic and social tendencies, and also from the row of other specific factors (level of remuneration of labour, seasonal character of production, disbalance at the market of labour, labour migration, "shadow employment" and other) that became reasons of origin of disproportions in development of sociallabour relations in a region.
By basic factors that predetermined the origin of sociallabour divergences (conflicts) in a region were : debt from payment of salary; non-fulfillment of conditions of the collective agreement; non-fulfillment of requirements of legislation is about labour. For today in a region the different models of relations are widespread between workers and employers, but their basic maintenance is prevailing of side of employers.
In the article the issues of the day of functioning of sociallabour relations are certain in a region, namely: socially unfair salary and excessive differentiation in the acuestss of population; transformation of institute of employment; a force underemployment (of work is in the conditions of
incomplete workday (of week), of vacation without maintenance of salary; existence of shadow employment; high unemployment rate; violation and ignoring of terms of collective labour agreements (of agreements) by employers, violation of labour rights and ignoring of necessities of
the hired workers; total increase of mistrust to the employers, leaders of enterprises, leaders of trade unions, dependence of trade unions on will of employers. In the article events offer in relation to the improvement of adjusting of sociallabour relations under act of changes in the field of employment.
CREATION, DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF ENDOWMENT FUNDS AS A SOURCE OF FINANCING THE INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY OF SUBJECTS OF BUSINESS
Authors: Babii Petro
Published: September 2019

The article considers modern conditions of the development of the scientific space and proved that the educational system is a key factor that ensures socio-economic stability of the state, creates the basis for its intellectual and innovation and scientific and technological progress. It has
been established that integration processes in the world economic space serve as a balancer of economic globalization and an intellectual platform for the functioning and development of national socio-economic systems. It has been found that the lack of funding prompts higher education to find modern supplementary financing models. It is substantiated that multi-channel financing of education and science is a trend that is formed on budget and extrabudgetary sources.
It was investigated that the key position of extrabudgetary sources of funding is the creation of a trust fund to fund nationwide scientific and educational projects.
Development of risk insurance instruments for agricultural land-use management
Authors: Palianychko Nina
Published: September 2019

The research paper highlights how the problem of finding instruments of financial and economic support for enterprises in the agricultural sector of economy is addressed and, above all, for business entities in crop production. Given the imperfection of the legal and regulatory framework for agri-environmental safety and economic crisis in Ukraine, there is a need for further instruments, ensuring a balanced development of agricultural land-use management. The most appropriate solution to the above problems is an approach that can provide not only financial support to producers of agricultural products, but also reduce the likelihood of adverse effects or environmental situations with negative economic consequences. The increasing degradation processes in the agricultural sector are the source of environmental threats in the crop production subsector, which require the development of an appropriate strategy for agricultural production based on the needs of all subsystems in the agricultural sector. In order to find solutions to environmental and economic contradictions, it is important to develop a business strategy which includes introducing a set of instruments for enhancing the effective functioning of ecological and economic tools and achieving a balanced level of land-use management. In this regard, risk insurance of agricultural land-use management is an important instrument. Its purpose, along with reducing the economic burden on enterprises, is to reduce the level of threats and mitigate the negative effects of land use.The Directive 2004/35/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council “On environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage” serves as an international legal basis for performing the above-mentioned tasks in Ukraine on its way to Europe. Its guiding principle is to take efforts in order to implement measures aimed at preventing negative impact from worsening of environmental safety. However, introducing insurance instrument into practice requires further research of theoretical and methodological aspects of such activities.The key component of such activities is developing a systematic list of risks accompanying economic activities in agricultural land use.
Competitiveness of Ukraine’s system of taxation within the framework of integration into the European Union
Authors: Romaniuta Eduard
Published: September 2019

The article reveals the essence and role of competitiveness of the taxation system taking into account retrospective trends and current aspects. In addition, it provides insight into main ways in which tax competition may be manifested. Specific features and methods for deter mining the level of development of the tax system as well as the level of economic freedom are highlighted. The positive and negative influence of globalization on the taxation system of the country is generalized. On the basis of the analysis, carried out for the research, it is found that Ukraine’s system of taxation and the level of economic freedom rank far below the EU countries. Consequently, possible causes of slow progress in Ukraine’s system of taxation are systematized, and its weak position in the international ranking is explained. It is determined that the low-ranking position of Ukraine has been caused by considerable corruption at all levels of executive power, low protection of property rights and weak development of investment. The major factors that negatively affect the business environment are as follows: unstable tax legislation, time-consuming tax accounting, a high overall tax burden and its unequal distribution among taxpayers, improperly adjusted tax reliefs, and mainly fiscal nature of the taxation system. A particular attention is paid to the priorities of the taxation system in European countries. The main guidelines for reforming the national tax legislation, based on the analysis of the latest trends of tax changes in the EU, are determined.
Intellectual entrepreneurship under a new paradigm of economic activity
Authors: Ostrovska Halyna
Published: September 2019

The article theoretically grounds approaches to defining intellectual entrepreneurship as a new social phenomenon and explains its role in the formation of a knowledge-based economy. It also develops a holistic understanding of essential characteristics that intellectual entrepreneurship has acquired under a new paradigm of economic activity. The essence of intellectualization and its manifestations as well as structural and qualitative transformations of an entrepreneurial environment are highlighted. Specific features of an innovative enterprise, viewed as a key business model in a knowledge-based economy, are identified. It is emphasized that the concepts of free enterprise and intellectual entrepreneur have a new understanding. The importance of qualitative changes is underlined, and the peculiarities of intellectual entrepreneurship are determined, particularly those related to acquisition and use of advanced knowledge. The latter is considered as the most important resource. A systematic review of factors influencing the formation and development of intellectual corporate entrepreneurship is com- pleted. It is proved that under current conditions, intellectual entrepreneurship requires a new holistic approach which is based on organizational synapses created by experience or training opportunities. In addition to giving a critical analysis of development outcomes of innovative entrepreneurship, the article reveals key negative factors and trends that hinder spreading of innovative activities in domestic enterprises.The key role of intellectual capital as an inter-specific resource for the development of intellectual enterprise is emphasized, because the described business model develops on the basis of intellectual abilities of knowledge entrepreneurs, or creative class, able to serve as an engine for innovative modernization. The interdependent components of intellectual capital are divided into: human capital (people, their knowledge, education, professional competence) and innovations (intellectual product as a result of creative work). A particular attention is paid to the development of corporate culture in the context of actualization of human capital. Based on the research findings, some areas of applying the study results are suggested. In this way, the necessary preconditions for the formation of intellectual entrepreneurship will be fulfilled. The observance of them will contribute to consolidating the foundations of innovation breakthrough at the stage of development of intellectual entrepreneurship in Ukraine.
АртезианскиеколодцыМосковскогорегионаXIXXXвеков
Authors: Prokof’eva Polina, , Chizhik K.
Published: September 2019

Представлен исторический обзор, в котором приведены результаты завершенного этапа работ по поиску и изучению подземных водозаборных сооружений дореволюционного периода в Московском регионе. Представленные материалы касаются в основном так называемых артезианских колодцев . Подобные объекты практически не освещены в современной литературе по специальности. По своей конструкции эти колодцы имели большой диаметр и глубину и располагались над артезианскими скважинами. Их возведение было вызвано необходимостью размещения крупногабаритных насосных агрегатов, что являлось неотъемлемой частью самого процесса устройства артезианской скважины. Статья содержит краткий обзор таких подземных водозаборов, существовавших в составе городских водопроводов в Москве, документальные сведения о методах их строительства, а также описание найденного авторами артезианского колодца в г. Серпухове Московской области.
Идентификациякоррозииоцинкованныхтрубвсистемеводоснабжения
Authors: Andrianov A. , Chukhin V.
Published: September 2019

Приведены данные исследования и применения нового способа идентификации коррозии систем внутреннего водопровода, изготовленных из стальных оцинкованных труб. Способ может быть использован для периодического мониторинга технического состояния систем холодного и горячего водоснабжения жилых, общественных и производственных зданий. Способ основан на определении в составе осадка на тестовом образце продуктов коррозии, в частности цинка и меди, входящих в состав металла трубопроводов и оборудования. Техническим результатом предлагаемого решения является возможность его применения непосредственно с начала эксплуатации системы водоснабжения, а также сокращение времени для идентификации коррозии трубопроводов и оборудования в ходе продолжительной эксплуатации.

The data on the research and application of a new method for identifying corrosion of house water plumbing made of galvanized steel pipes are presented. The method can be used for regular monitoring of the technical condition of cold and hot water supply systems made of galvanized steel pipes in residential, public and industrial buildings. The method is based on determining corrosion products of pipelines and equipment, zinc and copper in particular, on a test biscuit. The technical result of the proposed solution is the possibility of its application directly from the start of the operation of the water supply system as well as reducing the time to identify the occurrence of corrosion of pipelines and equipment during longterm operation.
Community structure of mangrove at Marine Tourism Park of Kupang Bay, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Bessie Donny M , Schaduw Joshian N , Reppie Emil , Lasut Markus T
Published: September 2019

Mangrove gives major contributions to fishery production; however, due to an increasing demand of space for human activities, mangrove area is changed to many forms, such as settlement, industry, and recreation; beside lack of data and information available (biophysics, socio-economic, and culture). These may cause economical and ecological conflicts. This condition is currently happened in Marine Tourism Park of Kupang Bay (MTPKB). Accordingly, this study aims to analyze community structure of mangrove at MTPKB using survey method to observe mangrove vegetation and exploitation impact by community. In this study, 16 species of 9 families were found with categorized density from “rare” (20 individual/hectare) to “dense” (5.450 individual/hectare). The ecosystem was found has low diversity; it was due to high dominant index. Rhyzophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba were found two species which have big role in the marine park© Mangrove memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap produksi perikanan; namun, oleh karena kebutuhan manusia yang semakin meningkat, daerah mangrove dirubah menjadi daerah pemukiman, industri, dan rekreasi; di samping kurangnya data dan informasi yang tersedia. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan konflik secara ekonomi dan ekologi. Kondisi ini sedang terjadi di Taman Wisata Alam Laut Teluk Kupang (TWALTK). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan di mana bertujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas mangrove di TWALTK dengan menggunakan metode survei untuk melakukan pengamatan terhadap vegetasi mangrove dan aktifitas masyarakat dalam memanfaatkannya. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan 16 jenis mangrove dari 9 famili dengan kerapatan terkategori dari ‘jarang’ (20 pohon/hektar) hingga ‘padat’ (5.450 pohon/hektar). Keanekaragaman ekosistem tersebut rendah karena tingginya nilai dominasi. Jenis Rhyzophora apiculata dan Sonneratia alba merupakan jenis yang memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap komunitas mangrove di taman wisata alam laut tersebut©
The effects of stimulant growth hormones on tissue culture of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii in vitro
Authors: Fadel Ariyati H , Gerung Grevo S , Suryati Emma , Rumengan Inneke F.M
Published: September 2019

In order to anticipate the qualified and sustainable seed requirement for seaweed culture, it is necessary to conduct tissue culture for vegetative cultivation of isolated leaves, bud, and stemin an artificial medium enriched with nutrient and growth regulator. The purpose of this study is to obtain newly grown plant in a big quantity in relatively short period of time, with physiological and morphological properties similar to the stocks. Culture media used were Grund Medium and PES with an addition of a growth regulator, IAA (Indol acetic acid) and BAP (Benzil amino purin). The buds produced were buds with similar properties as the parent. The longest bud (1,851 mm) was obtained in Grund Medium with IAA treatment, while the length of bud in PES medium was only 0.612 mm. The number of buds was highest (10,6)  in Grund media with IAA+BAP (1:1) treatment, and 6,82 with IAA treatment in PES media. The survival rate of explants was highest in media enriched with 0.5 mg/L IAA (indol acetic acid). The best media for growing seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii was Grund Medium© Untuk mengantisipasi kebutuhan bibit yang berkualitas dan tersedia  secara kontinyu, diperlukan suatu upaya kultur jaringan untuk perbanyakan tanaman secara vegetatif dengan mengisolasi bagian tanaman seperti daun, mata tunas, serta batang dalam media buatan secara aseptik yang diperkaya dengan nutrien dan zat perangsang tumbuh. Tujuannya untuk mendapatkan tanaman baru dalam jumlah banyak dalam waktu yang relatif singkat, yang mempunyai sifat fisiologi dan morfologis sama dengan tanaman induknya. Media kultur yang digunakan adalah media Grund Medium dan PES dengan penambahan zat perangsang tumbuh yaitu IAA (Indol acetic acid) dan BAP (Benzil amino purin). Tunas yang dihasilkan merupakan anakan yang mempunyai sifat yang sama dengan induknya.  Panjang tunas tertinggi dicapai pada media Grund Medium dengan perlakuan IAA (1,851 mm) dan media PES sebesar 0,612 mm. Sedangkan jumlah tunas tertinggi dicapai perlakuan IAA+BAP (1:1) sebesar 10,6 pada media Grund dan perlakuan IAA sebesar 6,82 pada media PES. Untuk tingkat kelangsungan hidup (sintasan) eksplan yang paling baik pada media yang diberikan pupuk IAA (indol acetic acit) dengan kosentrasi 0,5 mg/L. sedangkan media yang baik untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii adalah media Grund Medium©
The yield, nitrogen content, and dye’s binding capacity of chitin and chitosan of rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis
Authors: Modaso Riny , Suryanto Edi , Tallei Trina , Rumengan Inneke F.M
Published: September 2019

Chitin and chitosan from rotifer have not been previously explored due to the problem of high biomass required for extraction. This study aimed to obtain the chitin yield from rotifer biomass produced in mass culture, and to characterize the basic properties of chitin and chitosan, especially, nitrogen content and dye binding capacity. Methods of extraction and deacetylation of chitin were adopted from Chandumpai et al. (2004) with modification. The nitrogen content was analyzed using the semi-micro Kjeldahl method (AOAC, 1984), and dye binding capacity using the method developed by Cho et al. (1998). Results show that the yield of chitin obtained from the rotifer sample was relatively small (4.64%), and the yield of chitosan was even smaller, only 2,62%. The proportion of chitosan over chitin was 52,4%. The nitrogen content of chitin and chitosan of rotifer were 4.23 to 4.36% and 7.12-7.23%, respectively. The capacity of chitin to maintain the bonded dye was relatively stronger than that of chitosan, but the chitosan had higher capacity to absorb the dye. The characterization of other important properties of chitin and chitosan to be developed as biopolymer for industry is further aspects to be assessed© Eksplorasi kitin dan kitosan dari rotifer belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya karena dihadapkan pada permasalahan kebutuhkan biomassa yang banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh rendemen kitin dari biomassa rotifer hasil kultur massal, dan menjajaki karakterisasi awal sifat fisika kimia kitin yang mendasar yaitu daya ikat zat warna dan kadar nitrogen. Ekstraksi kitin dan kitosan dilakukan berdasarkan metode Chandupai et al. (2004), kadar nitrogen menggunakan metode semi-micro Kjeldahl (AOAC, 1984), dan daya ikat zar warna ditentukan menurut metode Cho et al. (1998). Dari penelitian ini, rendemen kitin yang diperoleh dari hasil ekstraksi relatif kecil berkisar 4,64 %, dan rendemen kitosan bahkan lebih kecil lagi hanya 2,62%. Proporsi kitosan dari kitin yaitu 52.4 %. Kadar nitrogen pada kitin rotifer berkisar 4,23-4,36 % dan kitosan berkisar dari 7,12-7,23%. Kitin memiliki sifat yang lebih baik dalam ketahanan untuk mengikat zat warna sebaliknya kitosan memperlihatkan sifatnya yang dapat mengikat zat warna dalam tingkat adsorpsi yang tinggi dibanding kitin. Karakterisasi  sifat fisika kimia kitin dan kitosan yang penting lainnya untuk pengembangannya sebagai biopolimer dalam skala industri, merupakan aspek-aspek yang perlu dikaji lebih lanjut©
The use of β-glucan extracted from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to increase non-specific immune system and resistence of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Jamal Ida N , Tumbol Reiny A , Mangindaan Remy E.P
Published: September 2019

Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia disease (MAS) attacking tilapia has increased in recent years as a consequence of intensive aquaculture activities, which led to losses in aquaculture industry. The agent causing MAS disease is Aeromonas hydrophila. The disease can be controlled with the β-glucan. As immunostimulants, β-glucans can also increase resistance in farmed tilapia. Studies on the use of β-glucan extracted from baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was intended to evaluate the non-specific immune system of tilapia that were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The method used was an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments with three replicats. The dose of β-glucan used as treatments were 0 mg.kg-1 fish (Control), 5 mg.kg-1 fish (B), 10 mg.kg-1 fish (C) and 20 mg.kg-1 fish (D), each treatment as injected three times at intervals of 3 days, the injection volume of 0.5 ml/fish for nine days and resistance surveillance for seven days. The results showed that the difference in the amount of β-glucan and the frequency of the injected real influence on total leukocytes, phagocytic activity and resistance. Total leukocytes, phagocytic activity and resistance to treatment was best achieved by the administration of C a dose of  10 mg.kg-1 of the fish© Penyakit Motil Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) yang menyerang ikan nila mengalami peningkatan selama beberapa tahun terakhir sebagai konsekuensi dari kegiatan akuakultur intensif, yang menyebabkan kerugian dalam industri budidaya. Agen utama penyebab penyakit MAS adalah Aeromonas hydrophila. Untuk mengendalikan penyakit tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian β-glukan. Sebagai imunostimulan, β-glukan juga dapat  meningkatkan resistensi pada ikan nila yang dibudidayakan. Pengkajian mengenai pemanfaatan β-glukan yang diekstrak dari ragi roti Saccharomyces cerevisiae dimaksudkan untuk menguji sistem imun non spesifik ikan nila yang diuji tantang dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Dosis β-glukan  yang digunakan sebagai perlakuan sebesar 0 mg.kg-1 ikan (Kontrol), 5 mg.kg-1 ikan (B), 10 mg.kg-1 ikan (C) dan 20 mg.kg-1 ikan (D), masing-masing perlakuan diinjeksi sebanyak 3 kali dengan interval waktu 3 hari selama 9 hari, volume injeksi 0,5 mL/ekor ikan dan pengamatan resistensi selama tujuh hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan jumlah β-glukan dan frekuensi pemberian yang diinjeksikan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap total leukosit, aktivitas fagositosis dan resistensi. Total leukosit, aktivitas fagositosis dan resistensi terbaik dicapai pada perlakuan C dengan dosis 10 mg.kg-1 ikan©
Suitability analysis of culture area using floating cages in Ambon Bay
Authors: Tjoa Sientje B
Published: September 2019

Fish cultivation under floating net system has good and promising prospects to develop as a potential and sustainable economic activity in Ambon Bay waters due to its great coastal and marine resources potential. This study was aimed to analyze the suitability of Ambon bay waters based upon site suitability criteria matrix for floating net cage culture. For this, water quality parameters were measured and then arranged in a matrix of site suitability for floating net cage culture. Results showed that water temperature ranged from 25.3 to 26.43 ⁰C, current speed from 5.78 to 23.51 cm / sec,  depth from 5-25 m, visibility  from 4.00 to 11.00 m, salinity from 28.41 to 33.92 ppt, DO from 6.56 to 7 ppm, pH from 7.66 to 8.19, and suspended solid from 0.46 to 2.52 NTU. As conclusion, Ambon Bay waters is very appropriate for floating net cage culture development. Budidaya Keramba Jaring Apung memiliki prospek yang cukup cerah dan menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan menjadi suatu kegiatan ekonomi yang tangguh dan berkelanjutan di perairan Teluk Ambon, karena memiliki potensi sumberdaya pesisir dan laut yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa perairan teluk Ambon untuk menentukan kesesuaian lahan berdasarkan kriteria matriks kesesuaian lahan  budidaya keramba jaring apung. Untuk menentukan kesesuaian lahan budidaya keramba jaring apung di perairan Teluk  Ambon maka dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air kemudian disusun dalam matriks kriteria kesesuaian lahan untuk budidaya keramba jaring apung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu air berkisar dari 25,3-26,43 ⁰C, kecepatan arus 5,78-23,51 cm/det, kedalaman 5-25 m, kecerahan 4,00-11,00 m, salinitas 28,41-33,92 ppt, oksigen terlarut 6,56-7 ppm, pH 7,66-8,19, Muatan Padatan Tersuspensi 0,46-2,52 NTU. Sebagai kesimpulan, perairan Teluk Ambon sangat sesuai untuk dilakukan kegiatan pengembangan budidaya keramba jaring apung.
The effect of vaccination in controling bacterial disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Ratulangi Arne A , Tumbol Reiny , Manoppo Hengky , Pangkey Henneke
Published: September 2019

This study aims to apply vaccination against bacterial disease. The purpose of vaccination is to trigger the immune respone both non-specific and specific of fish against bacteria Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. The vaccination for fish with different ages: 2-3 weeks and 5 weeks were done using immersion method. The fish were re-vaccinated (booster) after two weeks of the first vaccination. The survival rate was < 50 % for juveniles 2-3 weeks and > 50% for juveniles 5 weeks. Survival rate for juveniles 5 weeks was higher than juveniles of 2-3 weeks. This shows that organs of juveniles of 5 weeks were more complete than the 2-3 weeks juveniles. The age of fish is one of the important factors for successfully vaccination. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penerapan vaksinasi terhadap penyakit bakterial. Vaksinasi ditujukan untuk merangsang respon kekebalan non- spesifik dan spesifik pada tubuh ikan terhadap penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Vaksin diberikan pada benih ikan nila yang berbeda umur yaitu 2-3 minggu dan 5 minggu dengan menggunakan metode perendaman. Ikan divaksinasi ulang (booster) setelah 2 (dua) minggu dari vaksinasi yang pertama. Prosentase kelangsungan hidup < 50 % untuk benih umur 2-3 minggu dan > 50% untuk benih umur 5 minggu. Jumlah kematian benih umur 2-3 minggu lebih tinggi dari 5 minggu. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa fungsi organ benih umur 5 minggu telah lebih lengkap dari pada benih umur 2-3 minggu. Umur ikan merupakan salah satu faktor penting penentu keberhasilan suatu kegiatan vaksinasi.
Economic value analysis of mangrove forest ecosystems in Sorong, West Papua Province
Authors: Tabalessy Roger R
Published: September 2019

Coastal areas can either meet the human needs or give great contribution to the development. However, rapid infrastrural development in Sorong, west Papua, has been followed by high demand for mangrove timber and caused mangrove forest degradation due to exploitation. This exploitation could also result from high economic value of the mangrove timber. This study was done to analyze the economic value of mangrove wood utilized by the people to support the development process in Sorong. This study used primary data obtained through interviews and the economic value calculation of mangrove forests. It found that Sorong had mangrove economic value of IDR 165,197,833, 491. Wilayah pesisir selain dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup manusia juga memberikan kontribusi yang besar bagi pembangunan. Cepatnya pembangunan infrastruktur di Kota Sorong diikuti pula dengan tingginya permintaan akan kayu mangrove dan menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi hutan mangrove akibat eksploitasi. Eksploitasi ini disebabkan juga akibat kayu mangrove memiliki nilai ekonomi. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai ekonomi kayu mangrove yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Kota Sorong dalam proses menunjang pembangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakkan data primer yang diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara dan perhitungan nilai ekonomi hutan mangrove. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai ekonomi ekosistem hutan mangrove yang berada di Kota Sorong adalah Rp165.197.833.491.
Larval dispersal of Pocillopora damicornis at high latitude coral communities
Authors: Tioho Hanny
Published: September 2019

In order to elucidate the patterns of dispersal in scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis near the northern limit of its latitudinal range, a total of 50 colonies (15-25 cm in diameter) of this coral were collected from Ooshima Island, Japan, and transplanted within one hour to the area of Satsuki, where they were not present before. Three concentric areas were established such as; the parental area (PA), intermediate area (IA) and outer area (OA). A total of 831 new corals were found in 1997 while 54.3% of these occurred in PA, 30.5% in IA and 15.1% in OA. In 1998, 52.3% of recruits settled in PA, 30.5% in IA and 17.2% in OA. A significant difference in the density of recruits was found among three areas, but recruit density was not significantly different between years and there was no interaction between area and year. There was no significant difference in the number of recruits among different directions, indicating no tendency for larvae to be concentrated in one particular direction. The present study suggests that the planulae of P. damicornis have limited dispersal distances at high-latitudes© Untuk menjelaskan pola penyebaran karang scleractinia Pocillopora damicornis yang berada di batas Utara penyebarannya, total 50 koloni (15-25 cm) dari karang ini dikumpulkan dari Pulau Ooshima, Jepang, dan di transplantasikan dalam waktu satu jam ke daerah Satsuki yang tidak ditemukan jenis ini. Tiga daerah ditetapkan yaitu, Daerah Induk (PA), Daerah Tengah (IA), dan Daerah Luar (OA). Sebanyak 831 karang baru ditemukan pada tahun 1997, sementara 54,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA dan 15,1% di OA. Pada tahun 1998, 52,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA, dan 17,2% di OA. Ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan untuk kepadatan antara ketiga daerah tersebut, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antar tahun dan tidak ada interaksi antara daerah dan tahun. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam jumlah pada arah yang berbeda sehingga hal ini menunjukkan tidak ada kecenderungan bagi larva untuk terkonsentrasi pada satu arah tertentu. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa planula P.
A study on bioecology of macroalgae, genus Caulerpa in northern Minahasa Waters, North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Pulukadan Irma , Keppel Rene Ch , Gerung Grevo S
Published: September 2019

Alga is a marine resource of potential to fisheries and marine sector. It has an important economic value to promote the economy in Indonesia. Nowdays, algae have been used as a relatively high value fisheries commodity since it has been used for food, industrial, pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials. This important potential needs to be supported with understanding of its biology and ecology, so that its utilization could increase the livelihood of the coastal villagers. This study was aimed at inventorying and identifying the members of genus Caulerpa found in North Minahasa Regency waters and studying some biological and ecological aspects of the algae in the area. Resuls showed that there were 7 species recorded, Caulerpa racemosa, C. racemosa var. macrophysa, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. serrulata,C. lentillifera and C. peltata. Ecologically, the environmental parameters, such as water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, were in tolerable ranges for algal growth. Bottom substrate supported the growth of genus Caulerpa as well© Saat ini alga dijadikan sebagai komoditas hasil perikanan dengan nilai ekonomis yang relatif tinggi karena manfaatnya sebagai bahan makanan serta bahan baku industri, farmasi, dan kosmetik. Potensi yang cukup penting ini harus ditunjang dengan ilmu pengetahuan tentang biologi dan ekologi dari alga laut, sehingga pemanfaatannya dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian tentang kajian bioekologi alga makro genus Caulerpa di perairan Minahasa Utara ini dilaksanakan dan diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah tentang bioekologi alga makro genus Caulerpa, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan pemanfaatan bagi kepentingan masyarakat pesisir khususnya dan industri alga makro umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi alga makro genus Caulerpa di perairan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, dan mengkaji aspek bioekologinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 7 spesies, yaitu Caulerpa racemosa, C. racemosa var. macrophysa, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. serrulata, C. lentillifera dan C. peltata. Parameter lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, pH, oksigen terlarut, tingkat kecerahan air berada pada kisaran yang dapat ditolerir untuk pertumbuhan alga makro, sedangkan substrat juga mendukung pertumbuhan alga makro ini©
Community structure of seagrass beds in Arakan, South Minahasa Regency
Authors: Merly Sendy L , Wagey Billy T , Gerung Grevo S
Published: September 2019

Arakan waters is located in front of Arakan Wawontulap district as part of Bunaken National Park. This area has a vast seagrass meadow of 1943.45 ha. Seagrass-Watch method combined with line transect and quadrat methods were used to collected data. Four seagrass species were identified such as Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides and Syringodium isoetifolium. Diversity Index (H') was quite high at 1.2071 and was inversely correlated to the value of dominance (D) at 0.3366, and this was supported by the presence of a uniform species (J') of 0.8707. Important Index Value (INP) was highest at station I comprising E. acoroides species, and station II comprising E. acoroides and T. hemprichii, while the third station comprised T. hemprichii. Spatial distribution of the three stations ranged from random to contagious (aggregated)© Perairan Desa Arakan termasuk dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Bunaken wilayah Arakan Wawontulap yang memiliki luas area padang lamun sekitar 1.943,45 Ha. Data dikoleksi menggunakan metode seagrass-watch yang dikombinasikan dengan metoda transek garis dan kuadran. Empat spesies lamun berhasil diidentifikasi yaitu Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) cukup tinggi yakni 1,2071 berbanding terbalik dengan Nilai Dominansi (D) yang rendah yakni 0,3366 dan ditunjang dengan keberadaan spesies yang merata (J’) senilai 0,8707. Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) tertinggi pada Stasiun I diperlihatkan oleh E.acoroides, Stasiun II oleh E.acoroides dan T.hemprichii, dan sedangkan Stasiun III oleh T. hemprichii. Adapun pola penyebaran pada ketiga stasiun ini berkisar antara acak (random) dan mengelompok (contagious)©
The effect of several kinds of baits and moon phases on the catch of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) with trap
Authors: Kaim Mukhlis A , Reppie Emil , Budiman Johnny
Published: September 2019

Trap is one of the common fishing gears used by the fishermen to catch mangrove crabs. Using several kinds of bait could increase the fishing power of the traps. The objective of this research was to study experimentally the effect of several kinds of trap baits and moon phases toward the capture of mangrove crab. Catch data were collected using 12 units of traps,which operated in the estuary waters of Kalurae Village, Regency of Sangihe Islands. Four kinds of bait were used to trap: scads mackerel (Decapterus macarellus), little tuna (Euthynnus sp.), trevally(Caranx sp.) and chicken innards. Data were analyzed by randomized block design. Analysis of variance showed that different types of bait on the trap and moon phase caused highly significant effect on catch. Least significant differences test showed that using scads mackerel bait on the trap was not significantly different from little tuna bait, but differed significantly from trevally and chicken innards baits. Similarly, using little tuna bait was not significantly different from trevally bait, but differed significantly from chicken innards bait; and trevally bait was not different from chicken innards bait. Catching mangrove crabs with traps should use scads mackerel and little tuna baits, and be operated around the new moon phase© Bubu merupakan alat tangkap yang umum digunakan nelayan untuk menangkap kepiting bakau. Penggunaan beberapa jenis umpan, diduga dapat meningkatkan fishing power dari alat tangkap bubu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh jenis umpan bubu dan fase umur bulan di langit terhadap hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau; dikerjakan dengan metode eksperimental. Data tangkapan dikumpulkan dengan mengoperasikan 12 unit bubu, di perairan estuari Kampung Kalurae, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Empat jenis umpan yang diperlakukan, yaitu ikan layang (Decapterus macarellus), tongkol (Euthynnus sp.), selar (Caranx sp.) dan jeroan ayam. Data dianalisis berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Analisis Sidik Ragam menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jenis umpan pada bubu dan fase umur bulan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan. Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil menyatakan bahwa penggunaan jenis umpan layang pada bubu tidak berbeda nyata dengan umpan tongkol, tetapi berbeda sangat nyata dengan penggunaan umpan selar dan umpan jeroan. Demikian juga penggunaan umpan tongkol tidak berbeda nyata dengan umpan selar, tetapi berbeda sangat nyata dengan umpan jeroan; sedangkan penggunaan antara umpan selar dan jeroan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata. Umpan ikan layang dan ikan tongkol serta fase umur bulan I dan fase IV memberikan hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau yang lebih baik©
Estimation of effects of tributyltin (TBT) bioaccumulation using the imposex character in marine gastropods (Thais tuberosa and Monodonta labio)
Authors: Noor Sri Yuningsih , Rumengan Inneke F. M , Lasut Markus T
Published: September 2019

The effects of tributyltin (TBT) have been estimated using imposex characters in two species of marine gastropods, Thais tuberosa and Monodonta labio, at 3 different locations along the Minahasa Peninsula, northern part of Sulawesi Island: Manado Bay Waters, Bitung Coastal Waters, and Tateli Coastal Waters as a control area. The estimation was done by comparing the percentage of female imposex (I) at different body size (small: shell length ≤ 25 mm; large: shell length >25 mm), and measuring the concentration of TBT in sediments and soft part of the gastropod samples. The highest I value was found in small sized T. tuberosa from Manado Bay Waters (63%) and large sized T. tuberosa from Bitung Coastal Waters (60%). Small and large sized M. labio had their highest I value, 30% and 44% respectively, in the samples from Manado Bay Water and Bitung Coastal Waters. The occurence of imposex in both speciesis correlated with the high concentration of TBT in sediments and soft part of the marine gastropod samples© Kajian tentang pendugaan pengaruh bioakumulasi logam berat tributyltin (TBT) menggunakan karakter imposeks pada gastropoda laut (Thais tuberosa dan Monodonta labio) telah dilakukan. Sampel diambil dari 3 lokasi di perairan sepanjang Semenanjung Minahasa, Pulau Sulawesi bagian Utara, yaitu Perairan Teluk Manado (PTM), Perairan Bitung (PBT), dan Perairan Pantai Tateli (PPT) sebagai lokasi kontrol. Pendugaan dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan persentase individu imposeks (I) sampel ukuran kecil (K; panjang cangkang ≤ 25 mm) dan ukuran besar (B; panjang cangkang >25 mm), dan pengukuran konsentrasi TBT pada sedimen dan bagian lunak sampel gastropoda laut. Nilai I tertinggi adalah pada T. tuberosa ukuran K asal PTM, sebesar 63%, dan ukuran B asal PBT, sebesar 60%.Untuk M. labio baik ukuran K maupun B, nilai I tertinggi adalah pada sampel asal PTM dan PBT, masing-masing sebesar 30% dan 44%. Kejadian imposeks pada kedua jenis sampel ini didukung dengan konsentrasi TBT pada sedimen dan jaringan gastropoda laut yang tinggi©
Mangrove ecosystem resilience to sea level rise: a case study of Blanakan Bay, Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianti Poppy , Wardiatno Yusli , Samosir Agustinus M
Published: September 2019

This research was conducted to assess the social and ecological resiliences of mangrove ecosystem to sea level rise as a consequence of climate change. Resilience Index (RI) method was used range from 0 to 1. Sixteen resilience indicators, both ecological and social, are selected, developed, and evaluated. The indicators consist of mangrove coverage, density and diversity, aquatic fauna species, tidal flooding, salinity, sedimentation, land use, mangrove dependency and time allocation, conflicts potential, knowledge, the compliance rate, types of livelihood, institution cap, and level of education. Evaluation result indicate that the bay was divided into two categories of resilience; the majority has middle resilience because the mangrove coverage, density, and land use are high, with composite RI (CRI) range from 0.45 to 0.58. This was found in the villages of Muara, Langensari, Blanakan, Jayamukti, and Rawameneng. Only one village has high CRI of 0.69, such as the Cilamaya Girang. The main ecological factors that contribute to the high resilience of the area is the rate of sedimentation of 2 meters per year and rare tidal flooding, while the factor that contributes most to the impediment of social resilience is public knowledge about the importance of mangrove ecosystems©Penelitian ini merupakan penilaian parameter resiliensi ekologis-sosial ekosistem mangrove terhadap penaikan muka air laut sebagai konsekuensi dari perubahan iklim. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah untuk menghitung indeks resiliensi (Resiliency Index/RI) yang menggunakan skala 0-1. Enam belas parameter (ekologis-sosial) digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: penutupan, kerapatan, keanekaragaman jenis mangrove, jenis fauna akuatik, salinitas, banjir pasang, penggunaan lahan, laju sedimentasi, ketergantungan masyarakat, alokasi waktu pemanfaatan ekosistem mangrove, potensi konflik, tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat, pemahaman fungsi mangrove, jenis mata pencaharian, kelembagaan, dan tingkat pendidikan. Hasil analisis RI menunjukkan, Teluk Blanakan hanya memiliki 2 tingkat resiliensi, yaitu Tingkat Menengah dan Tingkat Tinggi. Tingkat Menengah memiliki penutupan mangrove yang rendah, kerapatan mangrove yang rendah, dan ketergantungan pemanfaatan mangrove yang sangat tinggi dengan kisaran nilai RI 0.45-0.58 yang ditempati oleh Desa Rawameneng, Jayamukti, Blanakan, Langensari, dan Muara. Tingkat Tinggi dengan nilai RI 0.69 hanya ditempati oleh Desa Cilamaya Girang, karena memiliki laju sedimentasi dan ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap kawasan mangrove yang rendah©
Utilization of land reclamation in Manado City
Authors: Pamikiran Vivi A , Mamuaya Gybert E , Wantasen Adnan
Published: September 2019

Reclamation activities conducted in the Bay of Manado, at the seaward side on Pierre Tendean Street (Boulevard), has changed the face of the city of Manado including the coastal area. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the realization of reclamation activities seen were as planned. The second purpose was to determine the appropriate policy strategy to ensure that the utilization of reclaimed land can be optimal. The data was collected through observation to compare actual conditions with the original plan. For policy options, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis was used. The study revealed that there are changes from the original plan, such as the extent of the area was originally planned 1185 m2, but the actual area was 781.305 m2. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, the most appropriate policy option adopted is to optimize the role of land reclamation as one economic driving force in the city of Manado. These include the completion of a number of legal problems in reclamation© Kegiatan reklamasi yang telah dilakukan di Teluk Manado, memanjang dari Utara ke Selatan Kota Manado ke arah laut telah merubah wajah Kota Manado termasuk di dalamnya tata ruang dan pemanfaatan lahan yang baru di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengkaji realisasi aktual dari kegiatan reklamasi apakah sesuai dengan peruntukannya, menentukan strategi kebijakan yang tepat dari pemanfaatan lahan reklamasi agar dilakukan dengan optimal dan ramah lingkungan. Pengumpulan data telah dilakukan secara deskriptif melalui observasi dan pengamatan lapangan untuk membandingkan kondisi aktual dengan rencana semula. Sebagai pilihan penentuan kebijakan penelitian, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa adanya perubahan pemanfaatan dari rencana awal luasan kurang lebih 1.185.000 m2, menjadi luasan yang terealisasi sampai saat penelitian dilakukan mencapai luas kurang lebih 781.305 m2. Hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Manado harus konsisten dalam menetapkan perijinan, dengan tidak merubah fungsi lahan dan lingkungan pesisir. Dampak positif yang ditimbulkan dalam rangka mengoptimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan reklamasi sebagai salah satu lokasi yang dapat meningkatkan perekonomi dan pendapatan daerah, penyerapan tenaga kerja di Kota Manado. Kebijakan perubahan fungsi dan penambahan luas lokasi yang tidak sesuai dengan perencanaan awal dapat berdampak pada masalah hukum di wilayah pesisir©
Alkaline proteinase in muscle of commercial fishes
Authors: Pangkey Henneke , Rimper Joice R.S.T.L , Kemer Kurniati
Published: September 2019

Sea products are valuable resources of natural substances such as lipids, polysaccharides, enzymes, vitamins, and proteins. Fish proteases have been characterized and some purified. Many of these enzymes display potentially interesting new biochemical properties for biotechnological applications. In this research, we have found activity of some proteases (alkaline proteinase, cathepsin S and cathepsin D) in muscle tissues of marine tropical commercial fish species in North Sulawesi (i.e. Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Caranx ferdau, Lutjanus malabricus, and Katsuwonus pelamis). All of these fish are economical species with low prices that are highly consumed by local people©Produk yang berasal dari laut merupakan sumberdaya yang kaya akan bahan-bahan alamiah seperti lipida, polisakarida, enzim, vitamin dan protein. Beberapa enzim protease pada ikan telah diidentifikasi dan dimurnikan. Banyak dari enzim ini menunjukkan potensi yang penting sebagai bahan biokimia yang baru. Pada penelitian ini, kami menemukan beberapa jenis protease (alkalin proteinase, katepsin S dan katepsin D) yang aktif pada otot dari beberapa jenis ikan laut tropis yang komersil di Sulawesi Utara (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Caranx ferdau, Lutjanus malabricus, and Katsuwonus pelamis). Ikan-ikan ini sangat bernilai ekonomis dan sangat digemari oleh masyarakat lokal©