bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELEKTRIČNI TROTINETI I OSIGURANjE OD AUTOODGOVORNOSTI
Authors: Radovanovic Milos
Published: March 2021

Technological progress, importance of taking care of the environment and need for the “micro-mobility” of humans in the cities, have led to increased usage of electric scooters. Every means of transportation, including the scooter, cause of risk of a damage. Possibility of causing of the damage opens a question of the obligation of owners of the electric scooters to conclude motor third party liability insurance. Th is paper tries to give an answer on the question. Author also seeks to fi nd an answer on a question is the injured party entitled to receive compensation of damage from guarantee fund, if the damage is caused by the uninsured electric scooter. Author gives the positive answer on these two questions. Author concludes that de lege lata electric scooter must have third party liability insurance, and that injured party is entitled to receive the compensation from the guarantee fund. Obligation of the owners of the electric scooter to conclude liability insurance, as well as injured party claim toward the guarnatee fund, is based on the fact that electric scooter is motor vehicle, according to the legal defi nition of the motor vehicle. Author considers that there is no legal gap in current laws of the Republic of Serbia, concerning insurance of the electric scooters. It is not necessary to change regulations on compulsory insurance in traffi c. Th ere is no need for the special rules for insurance of electric scooters. Legal issues concerning insurance of electric scooters and redress of damage caused by those scooters, can be resolve by interpretation of the applicable regulations.
UTISAK OSIGURAVAČA O EFIKASNOSTI SMERNICA EVROPSKE AGENCIJE ZA NADZOR OSIGURANjA I PENZIJSKIH FONDOVA O SISTEMIMA UPRAVLjANjA INFORMACIONO-KOMUNIKACIONIM TEHNOLOGIJAMA
Authors:   University of Malta, Faculty of Economics, Grima Simon
Published: March 2021

Th e European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) issued a consultation paper on the 13th March 2020, proposing guidelines on information and communication technology (ICT) security and governance, which will apply from 1st July 2021. In this paper, we aim to determine the perceived eff ectiveness, (i.e. effi ciency, relevance, coherence and benefi t) of the proposed guidelines, by carrying out a survey and discussions with targeted users (Practitioners / Controllers / Regulators in the area of Insurance) and bringing to light their various concerns and recommendations. Th ese guidelines are very superfi cial and generic and they do not reach the purpose for what they were set. Moreover, although they require that specifi c identifi ed risks are addressed they are not specifi c in addressing the how and when and leave it up to the organisations to determine this. Measurability of results is another issue, which makes it very diffi cult for compliance and enforcement to determine when and how to act, even in terms of proportionality. Th erefore, although the guidelines are clear in what they want to achieve, their eff ectiveness of the approach leaves much to be desired and is considered by respondents as creating more confusion than good and can turn out to be just another scope for duplication of eff orts and data collection overspill with no added value.
UTICAJ ZAKONODAVNOG OKVIRA JAVNIH NABAVKI NA SEKTOR OSIGURANjA
Authors: Lekovic Vuk
Published: March 2021

Since the introduction of the fi rst Public Procurement Act in 2002, the public procurement market has accounted for a signifi cant share of total premiums earned by insurance companies. In that sense, the author in this paper presents the impact of the public procurement legal framework on the insurance sector in the light of the most signifi cant innovations contained in the Public Procurement Act, which entered into force on 1 January 2020. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of adequate preparation of tender documentation and additional conditions for participation in the procurement of insurance services. Finally, the author analyzes the practice of the Republic Commission for the Protection of Rights in Public Procurement Procedures, which reveals the most common mistakes of contracting authorities in compiling additional conditions of fi nancial and business capacity.
GLOBAL OBESITY AND PAKISTAN
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: March 2021

Obesity is rapidly becoming a major public health problem in many parts of the world, including Pakistan. Developed world is viewing a huge switchover from acute and communicable diseases to the chronic and non-communicable diseases. However many developing countries including Pakistan, experience the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Acoustic Investigation of Back Vowels of Pakistani English
Authors: Bilal Hafiz Ahmad , Azher Musarrat , Ishfaq Mariam , Mumtaz Ammara
Published: March 2021

The present research investigates the acoustic features of back vowels of Pakistani English (PakE). The vowels are acoustically analysed to see whether PakE is different from Standard British English (SBE), and whether PakE merges the back vowels like some Asian varieties of English. The study also investigates the total number of back vowels of PakE. The subjects (20 male and 20 female) are selected from among the undergraduate students enrolled in BS English (University of Sargodha) with Punjabi as their mother tongue. Monosyllabic words with /hVd/ context, containing the selected vowels are recorded using a carrier-phrase. For acoustic measurement of the formants (F1-F2) and durational properties, PRAAT has been used. The formant values (F1- F2) are compared with those of SBE to find out similarities and differences. For statistical analysis, ANOVA along with Tukey’s HSD test is performed to see whether the results are significant. The results show that PakE has four back vowels, i.e. two long and two short. It does merge /?/ and /?:/ like other varieties of Asian Englishes, but it does not merge the high back vowels, i.e. /u/ and/u:/. So, it can be concluded that PakE is a different variety of English on the basis of the idiosyncratic features of back vowels.
Determination of Deposit Insurance Premium (LPS): Mertonâ€™s Option Theory with Co-Insurance Consideration
Authors: Pandiangan Naomi
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is a developing country that implements a deposit insurance system. Deposit Insurance Agency or LPS is an Indonesian deposit insurance established in 2004, which is Indonesian still unfamiliar with LPS, both among researchers, and the general public. Almost all deposit insurance in every country including Indonesia has the same problem, the problem is how to calculate premiums and how to avoid moral hazard by banks, therefore in this study will discuss how to determine premiums from the development of Black-Scholes option theory (1973) conducted by Merton (1977). To prevent banks from engaging in moral hazard, co-insurance is considered in this study, which is banks take the risk to anticipate 'excessive risk-taking' behavior. that occurs if the value of the asset isÂ smaller than value of the deposit after joining the insurance program. So it is expected to encourage banks to beware.
Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria on Carp Commodities (Cyprinus carpio) at Quality Control and Fishery Product Safety Agency (BKIPM) of Bengkulu
Authors: Wibowo Risky Hadi
Published: March 2021

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a type of freshwater fish that is widely cultivated. The increase in the amount of production and trade in freshwater fishery commodities both for consumption in Bengkulu will potentially increase the risk of entry and spread of pests and diseases in fish, which at the same time will be a threat that can endanger and damage the sustainability of fishery biological resources. Bacteria that infect fish can inhibit the expected production targets, which is an outbreak of pathogenic fish disease caused by bacteria. This study aims to identify pathogenic bacteria that infect Carp (C. carpio). Carp were obtained from fish traders at Panorama Market, Bengkulu City. Carp samples were selected based on clinical symptoms that were no longer healthy. Isolation of bacteria from Carpâ€™s organs using Triptic Soy Agar (TSA) media. The isolates were screened by morphological characters and biochemical test. The results of this study showed that total of 2 bacteria were isolated. Based on biochemical tests carried out such as the Simmons Citrate test, Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Oxidative-Fermentative, Motility Indol Ornithine, Lysine Iron Agar, MR-VP, urea, catalase, oxidase, gelatin, confectionery test, and Rimmler-Shotts test, pathogenic isolates Sp 1. in the sample have a close relationship with Plesiomonas shigelloides while the pathogenic isolates Sp 2. and Sp 3. have a close relationship with Aeromonas hydrophila.
Student’s Worksheet Practically by Using Discovery Learning Model to the Ability of Understanding Concept and Mathematics Problem Solving at Grade VII Grade of SMPN 38 Padang
Authors: Suriani Teni , Devita Dewi
Published: March 2021

The ability of understanding mathematical concept and problem-solving mathematics is one of aims of mathematic subject it is expected to develop in mathematics learning. Based on the observation that was doing by students of VII grade SMPN 38 Padang in 2019/2020 academic years, this research obtain that the students got difficulty in doing story problem that related in real life situation without illustration’s picture. It causes, mathematics learning still focused on text book and LKPD. LKPD that SMPN 38 Padang has still less variation and there is no step to find out and construct by their own learning concept. One of learning models that can be developed is discovery learning. Discovery learning is a learning model that can be informed by discovering process. The aims of this research are to obtain and develop LKPD by using discovery learning that is practicable. Thetype of the research use development research with formative evaluation type that according to Tesmer view. Practicality of LKPD is limited on field test step which giving practical questionnaire to students and teachers. The result of practicality of LKPD from teacher is 85% with very practical category and from the student is 85.30% with very practical category.
Social Evaluations of Accented Englishes: An Indian Perspective
Authors:   Symbiosis International Deemed University, India, Raheja Roshni
Published: March 2021

Research in the field of Language Attitudes and Social Perceptions has evidenced the associations between a speaker’s accent and a listener’s perceptions of various aspects of their identity – intelligence, socio-economic background, race, region of origin, friendliness, etc. This process of ‘profiling’ results in discrimination and issues faced in various social institutions where verbal communication is of great importance, such as education environments, or even during employee recruitment. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, employing a sequential explanatory design to investigate the social evaluation process of native and non-native accents on status and solidarity parameters by students from a multicultural university located in Pune, India. The findings are consistent with research in the field of language attitudes, demonstrating preference for Indian and Western accents as compared to other Asian accents. Semi-structured interviews revealed factors such as education, colonial history, globalization and media consumption to be key in influencing these evaluations. The themes are explored in the context of the World Englishes framework, and the socio-economic history of the English language in India.
Reading Shopfront Signs: A Multimodal (Social) Semiotic Approach to Text Analysis
Authors:   University of Creative Technology Chittagong, Bangladesh, Chowdhury Arif
Published: March 2021

Shopfront signs in the multi-lingual, multi-ethnic city of London seem to serve as a vehicle for maintaining unity in an era of linguistic diversity. Various ethno-linguistic diasporas represent themselves through a unique multi lingual display of multimodal shopfronts signs culminating in the English language. This paper focuses on language as a social semiotic (Haliday 1978), as a multimodal semiotic resource (Jewitt 2005) and as a manipulative-representative text within multilingual society. The study assumes an ethnographic approach to the Bengali dominated streets of Whitechapel and Brick Lane in London, on shop signs. The study aims to determine how multilingual and multimodal ‘texts,’ embedded in shop signs, could assist in processing meanings (Kress 2004). The study draws on a corpus of images and texts on shop signs which were randomly selected and categorised in various ways. Taking a multimodal (social) semiotic approach to text analysis of shop signs, this paper attempts to analyze the Bangla and English shop signs and ideologies directed at these signs and their semiotic resources.
'How Does the ASEAN Region Localize International Brands?’ A Multidimensional Analysis of Thai TV ads
Authors:   Muban Chombueng Rajabhat University, Thailand, Nawapan Thiti , Dumlao Remart P. ,   Muban Chombueng Rajabhat University, Thailand
Published: March 2021

In intercultural scholarship, there is a considerable number of studies that explores the impact and effect of culturally oriented social media (see Koda 2014, 2016; Mendoza 2010). Of these studies, however, there is a paucity of understanding on how social media becomes a third space of cultural representation, especially in the Southeast Asian context (Dumlao and Wattakan 2020; Feng 2009; Kalscheuer 2008). Drawing from insights connected to inter-semiosis by Kress and Van Leeuwen (1996) and SF-MDA by O’Halloran (2011), therefore, this paper explores the glocalization process and its inclination to cultural representation, and thus creating new discursive forms of identities, by looking at Thai TV ads from January 2019 to December 2019. Two Thai TV ads were purposively chosen from international beverage companies. To capture the glocalization and cultural representation, we compared these with TV ads from other countries, namely, the Philippines, and the U.S.A. Through content and multidimensional analysis, the findings suggest that commercials construct glocal identities through several factors and incidences. These incidences and factors support and provide understanding for brand identity positioning, which itself describes the intersemiosis of elements within contemporary consumer cultures. Implications of this study are discussed in the paper.
Shamanic Rituals and the Survival of Endangered Tribal Languages: An Anthropological Study in Gaddika
Authors:   KIRTADS, India, Menon Indu V. , M.S. Shebin ,   KIRTADS, India
Published: March 2021

In many ancient communities, particularly tribal communities, there exists a system of dialogue and conversation with and between supernatural beings and the supernatural world they inhabit, as well as their transmigration into a human’s body. The supernatural world is considered to be the realm of the gods, or of the spirits of ancestors, or of satanic evil spirits. A Shaman is suggested to summon, and communicate with, tribal or cult gods, while controling spirits, ancestors, animals and birds with afforded powers. Shamanic rituals have patent linguistic significance. In communities with a strong shamanic tradition, the shamans generally use traditional language, without altering their unique features. The songs used in these rituals are also in traditional tribal dialect. This study focuses on Gaddika, the shamanic ritual of the Rawla tribe, a tribal community in Kerala, and about songs contributing to the ritual. The study examines to what extent the Rawla dialect has been retained in its ‘original’ form, and the tribal myths that are woven into ritual language. The Rawla language belongs to the Dravidian family, and has been passed on in oral form only. In the Gaddika ritual, the original language is widely used and is central to the survival of the language. This study was conducted among the Rawla community, through observations during several Gaddika rituals, thus documenting the songs and ritual dialogues. As such, the study documented the language in its orginal form and structure, along with prominent myths passed on through generations. The study analyses this shamanic ritual and its verbal patterns. The study concludes with that shamanic discourses and magico-religious rituals have a vital role in the continuity and in the survival of the historical dialect,
A Study of Malay Manuscripts (Petua Membina Rumah): Geometric Pattern Lexical Density
Authors:   Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia, Zaini Muhamad Fadzllah , Saruddin Anida ,   Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia, Mastura Muhammad Mazura ,   Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

This study examines the lexical density of classical Malay texts. This study is divided into three main parts, namely, (1) the form of the keyword list in a classic text compared to a current text, (2) 10 keywords that appear as a result of the Simple Math Procedure (SMP) test, and (3) geometrical patterns that are produced to examine the lexical representations of classical texts according to their SMP values. This study uses the SMP as is pre-defined in the LancsBox 4.5 software. This study was conducted on seven classical texts that have been developed in the Korpus Petua Membina Rumah (KPMR) (Tips for Building a Home Corpus). The rationale of this study is to test lexical density as a complex lexical representation in classical texts. In addition, the relation between text and community was also highlighted as a phenomenon of traditional knowledge and feudal thought.
Collocation Analysis of Variants of Intensifiers in Classical Malay Texts
Authors:   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, Sarudin Anida , Muhammad Mazura Mastura ,   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, Zaini Muhamad Fadzllah ,   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, Osman Zulkifli ,   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, Al Muhsin Muhammad Anas ,   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the authors discuss the findings of a study carried out to examine good lexical collocation in classical Malay texts. For the study, two corpora were used, namely Petua Membina Rumah and Korpus Rujukan Berita Harian. The former had 14,644 tokens and 2,080 types while the latter had 1,058,722 tokens and 39,632 types. Only 100 distributions of lexical collocations of the word ‘baik’ were chosen, given that such a word was most widely used in adjectival sentences. Collocation analysis was carried out using MI (Mutual Information), T score, and logDice. The findings showed such lexical collocations had metaphorical meanings based on two main categories of intensifiers, namely amplifier and downtoner. The former was made up of booster and maximizer while the latter consisted of approximator, compromisers, diminisher, and minimizer. Such findings indicate that the Malay society has a unique linguistic identity in that they converse with a good lexicon of intensifying words or intensifiers whose function is to amplify the meanings of sentences. Each variant of intensifiers of the Malay language occurs in various adverbial characters. Such a phenomenon shows that the unique adverbial intensifier of the Malay language plays an important role as an indicator to identify metaphors.
The Relationship between Astronomy and Architecture as an Element of Malay Intelligentsia
Authors:   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, Sarudin Anida , Muhammad Mazura Mastura ,   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, Zaini Muhamad Fadzllah ,   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, Redzwan Husna Faredza Mohamed ,   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia, Abu Bakar Siti Saniah ,   Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

Islam has been very influential in shaping societal developments in the Malay world. Such an influence manifests in various aspects of their lives, one of which can be clearly seen in several influential works carried out by Malay intellectuals in a number of fields. Old Malay manuscripts that deal with many Islamic aspects of knowledge has become a great legacy left by esteemed Malay religious scholars and intellectuals that serves as a testimony of the spread of Islam to the Malay world. Against such a backdrop, this study was carried out to examine the positive (good) and negative (bad) signs associated with Islamic months that helped Malays decide the appropriate months in which houses should be built. The study was based on a mixed-method approach based on a quantitative method and a qualitative method to help yield empirically reliable findings. The corpus-based analysis was the main analysis used by focusing on significant lexical values and concordant synthesis to highlight the good and bad signs associated with Islamic months. The researchers selected five (5) manuscripts that belonged to a corpus called Petua Membina Rumah. The analysis showed 50% of the Islamic months had negative signs while 42% of such months had positive signs. The remaining 8% had a mix of positive and negative signs. In addition, there were some instances involving a combination of positive and negative signs. Such occurrences provide an interesting view of the impact of signs on the Malay society, especially on its civilization. These significant findings highlight not only the Islamic months deemed suitable for building houses but also the thinking of Malay scholars in shaping the civilization of the Malay world.
The Shifting Sub-Text of Japanese Gendered Language
Authors:   Kansai University, Japan, Noguchi Mary Goebel
Published: March 2021

Sociolinguists (Holmes 2008; Meyerhof 2006) assists to describe the Japanese language a having gender exclusive elements. Personal pronouns, sentence-ending particles and lexicon used exclusively by one gender have been cataloged in English by researchers such as Ide (1979), Shibamoto (1985) and McGloin (1991). While there has been some research showing that Japanese women’s language use today is much more diverse than these earlier descriptions suggested (e.g. studies in Okamoto and Smith 2004) and that some young Japanese girls use masculine pronouns to refer to themselves (Miyazaki 2010), prescriptive rules for Japanese use still maintain gender-exclusive elements. In addition, characters in movie and TV dramas not only adhere to but also popularize these norms (Nakamura 2012). Thus, Japanese etiquette and media ‘texts’ promote the perpetuation of gender-exclusive language use, particularly by females. However, in the past three decades, Japanese society has made significant shifts towards gender equality in legal code, the workplace and education. The researcher therefore decided to investigate how Japanese women use and view their language in the context of these changes. Data comes from three focus groups. The first was conducted in 2013 and was composed of older women members of a university human rights research group focused on gender issues. The other two were conducted in 2013 and 2019, and were composed of female university students who went through the Japanese school system after the Japan Teachers’ Union adopted a policy of gender equality, thus expressing interest in gender issues. The goal was to determine whether Japanese women’s language use is shifting over time. The participants’ feelings about these norms were also explored - especially whether or not they feel that the norms constrain their ability to express themselves fully. Although the new norms are not yet evident in most public contexts, the language use and views of the participants in this study represent the sub-text of this shift in Japanese usage.
Gender Representation in Malaysian Mandarin Textbooks
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Lin Wen Yue , Lay Hoon Ang ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Chan Mei Yuit ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Paramasivam Shamala ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

A number of scholars have studied gender representation in textbooks, but only a few studies focus on application of multimodal discourse analysis in exploring gender representation. The present study aims to analyze gender representation in two series of four L2 Mandarin textbooks written for Malaysian learners. The ratio of female and male characters as well as the representation of genders in visual and verbal resources are examined in this study. This study applies quantitative and qualitative method by calculating the frequency and occurrence and analyzing the representation of female and male. A multimodal discourse analysis is carried out, including linguistic and visual analysis, to figure out whether there is gender stereotype by investigating verbal and non-verbal (visual) resources of sampled textbooks. Both the ratio and the depiction of female and male characters are analyzed by using ATLAS.ti software. The findings have revealed that the ratio of female and male characters is generally unbalanced in sampled textbooks. Gender stereotypes exist dominantly in depiction of female and male characters, especially in social settings and domestic settings. The implications of this study are discussed in the context of second language teaching and learning to highlight the awareness of gender representation in L2 Mandarin textbooks.
From Verbal to Three-dimensional Digital Visual Texts: A Construction of a Javanese Prince
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, Nuriman Harry , Kurniasih Nia ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, Sabana Setiawan ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, Mutiaz Intan R. , Andryanto Rikrik K. ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Published: March 2021

Visualizations of the body of the famous Javanese Prince Diponegoro appears in various media, ranging across sketches, paintings, sculptures, banknotes and coins, shadow puppets, stamps, theatrical performances and electronic devices. All these visualizations mostly follow previous visualizations influenced by artist imaginations. This research seeks to present Prince Diponegoro in three-dimensional animated visualization using a motion capture technique. To complete this, the project draws from authentic manuscript research from the autobiography of Babad Diponegoro. Further, the project employs intertextuality as a method with which to interpolate the data, and hence to obtain a satisfactory overall visualization. The physical features, gestures and paralinguistic elements contained in the verbal text of Babad Diponegoro have been employed using motion capture data based on events written in the Babad Diponegoro. Many existing representations of the prince exist. However, this study attempts to rethink these existing visualizations, so as to produce a much more accurate, if not completely new, icon, thus differing to existing representations.
Vanishing Landlordism in Madhes, Nepal: Missing an Opportunity for Development of Capitalism
Authors:   Tribhuvan University of Nepal, Nepal, Yadav Shyam Sundar Prasad
Published: March 2021

This research examines the misinterpretation of feudalism and its protective qualities over families in Madhes with large amounts of land. The misinterpretation of feuds between families invited mistreatment, and as a result, the Nepali state imposed land-reform program policies in 1964, more so due to pressure by the communist movement. This pushed the feudal farmers into poverty. The study highlights historical ways of failure of development of organic capitalism in Madhes. Contemporary work in Marxism, especially in Madhes, tends to focus on interpretation, and understanding of feudalism/landlordism among communist leaders, scholars, workers and activists. Marxist discourses and precepts have reflexively impeded the development of capitalism in Madhes. This paper thus highlights the interactions of Marxist discourse and the issues among Madhesi families in Nepal.
Conceptualizing Religions (Confucianism and Buddhism): From Poetic-Stories to Reality in Indochina
Authors:   Vietnam National University, Vietnam, Nguyen Phuong Lien
Published: March 2021

Influenced by being situated between China and India, two historical giants, the people of the three nations of Viet, Lao and Khome exhibit strong histories of imported cultures. The religions of these regions, which closely connect to people’s lives, offer strong symbolisms of lifeworlds and enculturations. People in Indochina assign great significance to living and to interpersonal relationships, more so than toward deities and spiritual agents, as well as to the creation of the cosmos. Here, folk stories frequently include the ‘first man,’ the messages from which serve to educate society. This study aims to present that Indochinese poetic stories exhibit imported theories, the moral messages within which have reached levels of mastery in the literary genre, that is, the poetic story. These moral lessons emerge in texts such as Luc Van Tien (Vietnam), Thao Hung Thao Chuong (Lao) and Tum Tieu (Cambodia). Based on historical facts, these texts expose people’s attention to humanity’s opinions of Confucianism (China) and Buddhism (India). The stories also present differences and similarities, the descriptions of which can offer pathways to explaining social dynamics in modernity. As such, locating markers within figurative talk in this literary genre may inform theories in larger narratives and philosophical texts.
The Symbolisms and Poetics of the Japa Mantra in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: An Anthropological Study
Authors: Hadzantonis Michael
Published: March 2021

The heritage of Yogyakarta and other urban centres throughout Java, Indonesia, is such that their religions have become highly syncretic (Geertz). Here, animism, Hindu roots, and Islam, have been mixed to fashion modern spiritual practices. One of these is the Japa Mantra, a type of prayer used as a spell as white (and sometimes black) magic. The practitioners of the Japa mantra employ Javanese poetics to shape its poetics, in the belief that these mantras are magical and convey the will of deities and other spirits, who empathie with people and whose will allows these spiritual requests to amterialize. This paper presents an early stage in describing the symbolisms and poetics of the Japa Mantra, through the documenting of several hundred practitioners, priests, and others, in Yogyakarta and other urban centres. The analaysis of the poetics of the Japa Mantra practiced by these communities draws on symbolic anthropology, and describes junctures between spiritual speech communities and symbolic representations of a modern Java guided by a sustained heritage, in the face of an institutionalized Islam.
Ideologically Reviving Javanese: Romantic Intellects, Signage Prayers, Linguistic Solidarity
Authors: Hadzantonis Michael
Published: March 2021

The Javanese language has, as of late, seen a flux in its revival. The Javanese government sees the revival of Javanese as a very necessary identity marker, as a reflexive stance to transnationalism. Here, various sectors of Javenese society are contributing to the revival of the language, such as the arts, poltics, commerce, and domestic environments. The paper seeks to document Javanese in various sectors, buy observing its use in the above sectors, and elsewhere. The study observes the engineering of this language revival, and from which, the ideologies of Javanese are extrapolated, so as to expose anthropological patterns. The study thus contributes to work on language revitalization, linguistic landscapes, language ideologies and linguistic anthropology in general.
Sociocultural Imperatives of Collaborative Interactions among Malaysian Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Children in an Educational Environment
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Adam Assim Mohamad Ibrani Shahrimin Bin , Magiman Mohamad Maulana Bin ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

This paper seeks to describe the vital traits of sociocultural artifacts within collaborative social interactive patterns exhibited by indigenous and non-indigenous children in a computer environment. The case investigative method was used in one pre-primary centre in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia, to examine the patterns of collaboration among young children whilst working with computers. To assess the children’s current social skills and computer competence, and their general social interaction with peers, the researcher interviewed the children and their teacher through a semi-structured interview, to guide the discussion. Both observational comments, descriptions and data analyses were presented with anecdotes. 243 interactions were identified and classified into 16 interaction patterns. The frequency of occurrence of identified interactions was analysed in the form of descriptive statistics. Factors facilitating the collaborative interaction of children whilst engaged in computer activities were found to be related to the sociological imperatives of the immediate contexts of the social interactions involved. Associated with the main findings were three major variables: (1) The classroom teacher variable (philosophy and educational beliefs, task-structure and computer management); (2) the software variable (sociocultural appropriateness, developmentally appropriateness, content, design, and programmed task-structure); and (3) the child variable (computer competency and attitude towards computer, social goals, social skills, and personal relationship with collaborators). By identifying the imperatives of sociocultural traits of collaborative social interactions of children, and factors that may facilitate or inhibit these interactions, sociologists, social anthropologists, educationists, linguists, and early childhood educators will be in a better position to integrate the computer into their classroom and to promote positive sociocultural-appropriate prosocial interaction among indigenous and non-indigenous children whilst engaged at the computer.
Translation Methods of Sound Words from Weapon Collisions in Legends of the Condor Heroes
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Zhu Hongxiang , Lay Hoon Ang ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the translation methods of sound words from weapon collisions in Legends of the Condor Heroes. This qualitative case study probes into how the sound words from weapons collisions are translated. The translation material of this study adopts translated Volume I and Volume II of Legends of the Condor Heroes. The sound words or expressions (n=120) of weapon collisions are collected based on purposive sampling method. Data is analyzed by inductive thematic analysis method. The finding illustrates that the sound words from weapon collisions are translated with the methods of omission with the figure of 48%, onomatopoeia of 29% and explication 23% in the translation version. In conclusion, the trend of translation method of sound words from weapon collisions in Legends of the Condor Heroes goes towards target language-oriented translation.
Pleasing the ‘Bubble:’ Abe Shinzō’s Strategic Self-Exhibition on Facebook
Authors:   Ca’ Foscari University Venice, Italy, Zappa Marco
Published: March 2021

Not only is Abe Shinzō on the way to becoming Japan’s longest-serving Prime Minister in the country’s history. With more than 1 million followers on Twitter and slightly less than 600 hundred thousand fans on Facebook, he is by far the most successful Japanese political leader on social media. Commentators have described Abe’s turn to social networking services (SNS) as a “revenge” against “traditional” media against the background of a growing use of SNSs by other major Japanese political actors. At any rate, particularly through Facebook, combining text and pictures of himself on and off duty, Abe has successfully established his own mode to communicate with and “exhibit” himself to voters, citizens and the global community of netizens. This paper aims to address the following research question: on which themes and key concepts is this “presentation of the self” based? In other words, how is the Prime Minister communication staff constructing Abe’s “social” image and to which audience is this aimed? Based on Goffman’s theorization and later application of his work on the study of online social interactions, this paper illustrates the strive to ensure the consistency of Abe’s use of the SNS with previously expressed concepts and ideas (e.g., in the 2006 book “A Beautiful Country”), with the aim of pleasing the “bubble” of like-minded individuals constituting Abe’s (online) support base, and avoid issues that might possibly harm the Prime Minister’s reputation. Abe’s Facebook activity (a combination of text and pictures) during a critical time in his second tenure (2017), in which he faced cronyism allegations while coping with gaffes and scandals involving cabinet members, provided a case in point for multimedia content analysis.
Advertising Appeals in Baby Formula Commercials across Cultures
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Li Zhu ,   Baise University, China, Lay Hoon Ang ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

Advertising, as a means of social communication, is seen as a reflection of cultural values, so does baby formula commercials. Advertising appeals, including both emotional and rational appeals, are an important strategy for advertisers to create effective commercials. This cross-cultural study compared the types of advertising appeals used in baby formula commercials of China, America, and Malaysia. It further investigated whether advertising appeals were related to the cultural values of these three countries using the Hofstede model, specifically individualism-collectivism. A comparative content analysis was used in this study. A total of 16 TV commercials on the same baby formula brand, S-26 Progress Gold, were identified and analyzed. The findings illustrated that advertisers tailor their advertising appeals, even in emotional appeals, different focuses of appeals are highlighted, to establish connections with their target customers in the global contexts.
Conceptualising Doctoral Supervision in Malaysia as a Small Culture
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia, Sahar Rafidah , Abdullah Nur Nabilah ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

Research on doctoral supervision in the field of Intercultural Communication has traditionally been applied to cross-cultural comparison, particularly across national systems and cultural boundaries. However, recent years have witnessed that such comparison is being challenged and re-analysed in light of potential risk of over generalisation and stereotyping in its observation. In this research, we consider the relevance of small cultures (Holliday 1994, 1999) as an alternative approach to conceptualise doctoral supervisory practice as a dynamic on-going group process through which its members make sense of and operate purposefully within particular contexts and shared behaviours. Narrative-based qualitative research was designed to generate and analyse the data. The participants were a purposive sample of six recently graduated PhD students at a Malaysian public university. One-on-one narrative interviews were conducted with the students to gather their supervisory narratives. Analyses of the students’ transcripts were completed using a holistic-content approach (Lieblich et al. 2008). Findings reveal a distinct set of behaviours and understandings that constitute the cultures of supervisory practice in the Malaysian university context. Through the notion of small cultures, this research proposes that cultures of PhD supervision can be best understood through an analysis of shared norms, behaviours and values between students and supervisors during supervisory practice. This research hopes that the move from a focus on large culture (i.e. Malaysianness per se) to a focus on the meaning-making process between students and supervisors from different backgrounds can assist education practitioners such as PhD supervisors to avoid stereotyping and overgeneralising.
Language Vitality, Attitude and Endangerment: Understandings from Field Work among Lodha Speakers
Authors:   Jadavpur University, India, Dutta Shuvam
Published: March 2021

Lodhas are marginalized scheduled tribe groups in West Bengal, India. They were labeled as criminal tribes until the revocation of the Criminal Tribes’ Act of 1952. Lodha is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken by Lodhas in some villages in West Bengal, India. This paper has four objectives. First, this paper discusses the effect of dominant languages. Here we attempt to study the impact of Bangla on the Lodha language. This paper discusses the language attitude of Loedha community. To develop their economy, these communities attempt to interact with the non-tribal Indo-Aryan populations and thus attempt to forget their own language. The paper then discusses in detail the Lodha language attitude, thus landscaping the present condition of Lodha. We then discuss the socio-economic condition of Lodha, and how this condition creates a barrier for these people. Finally, this paper aims to assess the nature and degree of language endangerment of Lodha based on UNESCO’s Language Vitality and Endangerment framework.
Topicality of the ‘Copula. form Shi in Santa Mongolian
Authors:   Kyoto University, Japan, Geka Aoi ,   Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
Published: March 2021

Santa (Dunxian) Mongolian cotnains a form called shi emanating from the copula ‘是 (shiP4P)’ of Chinese. In previous research, this form is known as a borrowed form that can occur with the indigenous copula wo., However, shi has been variously described as a ‘copula’ (刘 1981; Kim 2003; Napoli 2004), ‘copula verb’ (Field 1997), and a ‘postposition to show presentation’ (布和等编1986). As yet, there has not been a unified description of the actual function of shi. In this presentation, I pay attention to topicality after having analyzed the environment and the meaning of shi. First, regarding the environment, I pay attention to the elements preceding shi. From the analysis of the type of noun phrases that appear before shi and noun phrases that do not appear, I show that more definite noun phrases such as personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns do appear, while less definite noun phrases such as interrogatives do not appear. Secondly, regarding the meaning function, I pay attention to examples frequently using shi. From the analysis of these examples, I show that shi has functions such as presenting a condition. Finally, regarding topicality, I contrast the topicality of Santa Mongolian shi with that of the Chinese 是, the original language of borrowing, and the Japanese wa, which is known as a topic marker. With this in mind, I conclude that the shi from Santa Mongolian should be analyzed as a topic marker and not as a copula.
A New French-Based Register in Japan? An Analysis of Commercial Naming in Public Space in Japan
Authors:   Dokkyo University, Japan, Kida Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the influence of French language on the naming of shops and commercial products that are found in public spaces in Japan. The contemporary urban environment promotes linguistic signs, which themselves designate the names of shops or products on storefronts and packages and constitute the ‘text’ of an urban space. As Barthes (1970) observed, Japanese modern life is a remarkable source generating a multiplicity of signs. However, in the current globalization, such a process gives rise to a massive presence of foreign languages in public space, such as French in Japan. Data collected through fieldwork is analysed to show features specific to Japanese society and/or language (e.g. word coinages, affection of Japanese words, a primary form of creolization). Although these linguistic signs contain regularities and variations as a device of ‘hypocorrection,’ the paper argues that French is becoming a specific register in Japan, and that people have begun to assimilate its formal part, in enriching their lexicon with a certain epilinguistic dimension. The motivation and identity of stakeholders behind such a process will be also discussed.
Lower and Upper Baram Sub-Groups: A Study of Linguistic Affiliation
Authors:   University of Malaya, Malaysia, Omar Asmah Haji , Norahim Norazuna ,   University of Malaya, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

It is not possible to determine the exact number of indigenous languages of Sarawak, one reason being the dialect-language dichotomy, as some isolects has not been ascertained. Ethnic labels may not reflect a linguistically homogenous group. That is to say that the language varieties spoken by an ethnic group may have a dialectal relationship with one another, or they may be heterogeneous, which means they are mutually unintelligible. This paper reports on the results of a lexicostatistic study that examines linguistic affiliation of a group of languages found along the Tinjar-Baram river basin, namely Berawan, Bakong, Narom, Kiput, Dali,’ and Miriek, and also their links with Kenyah Long Terawan, Lepo’ Tau and Belait in nearby Brunei. The paper also traces their historical past and describes how languages spoken by these ethnolinguistic groups have become affiliated to each other. For some reason or another, e.g. migration in search of greener pastures, internal rivalry or/and conversion to modern religions, these indigenous communities are forced to move away from their original speech communities, and they call themselves by different names in their new localities, usually after the name of a river or a mountain. These factors and categorisation on the basis of similar cultural attributes have caused misinterpretation of the identity of the indigenous groups in the past. The paper will clarify some of the misconceptions regarding the ethnolinguistic groups in the region.
On the Progress of Phonemic Analysis of Chinese Word Syllables
Authors:   Beijing Normal University, China, Wang Qing
Published: March 2021

Sound notation of sinographs has been a problem since the sinographs were in use. For a long time there was no appropriate method to indicate the pronunciation of sinographs to learners. With the design of different methods of sinograph sound notation, such as Direct Notation, Fan-qie, the National Sound Notation Alphabet, the Scheme of the Chinese Phonemic Alphabet, the analysis of the Chinese word syllable has developed, with an increasingly delicated segmentation in the Chinese syllable. The latter three methods, which cut the Chinese word syllable into two, three and four parts respectively, have been designed under the influence of foreign linguistics scholarship. Communications between China and India and European countries have been an impetus for the progress in Chinese syllabic analysis.