bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pricing Decision System for Custom Design Batik
Authors: Suparmanto Nova , Asih Anna Maria Sri , Sudiarso Andi , Permanasari Adhistya Erna
Published: March 2024

The process of determining costs and prices in Make-to-Order (MTO) companies is generally complex because they make products according to special orders.  Speed, accuracy, and consistency are necessary for a successful pricing estimation. Custom batik price, along with anticipated production time, is still done manually at the moment. Integration of design and manufacturing with computer-based was needed to produce custom batik products. This paper aims to develop a pricing decision system model for CAD custom batik motifs and written batik CNC machines used in the production processes. Customers can adapt their budgets by changing the parameters to suit their requirements and capacities using various price options. This model helps the customers to make buying decisions. The data and information were gathered through interviews, observations, and a literature review. The pricing decision system has been determined using the job order costing method, where prices are collected for each order separately according to the demand's identity or the order's cost. The system was developed through the prototyping process. This research has created a framework for determining the price for custom design batik based on 4 (four) parameters: the motif, the number of colors used, the type of color used, and the type (size) of the fabric used. Also, incorporating more comprehensive parameters has improved the system (motif size, number of colors, color selection, coloring techniques, and fabric sizes). The outcome of the calculation simulation demonstrates that the constructed model successfully calculated the unit price of products with accuracy. It shows that the system can be used in practical situations.
Application-Level Caching Approach Based on Enhanced Aging Factor and Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Authors: Zulfa Mulki Indana , Maryani Sri , Ardiansyah - , Widiyaningtyas Triyanna , Ali Waleed
Published: March 2024

Relational database management systems (RDBMS) have long served as the fundamental infrastructure for web applications. Relatively slow access speeds characterize an RDBMS because its data is stored on a disk. This RDBMS weakness can be overcome using an in-memory database (IMDB). Each query result can be stored in the IMDB to accelerate future access. However, due to the limited capacity of the server cache in the IMDB, an appropriate data priority assessment mechanism needs to be developed. This paper presents a similar cache framework that considers four data vectors, namely the data size, timestamp, aging factor, and controller access statistics for each web page, which serve as the foundation elements for determining the replacement policy whenever there is a change in the content of the server cache. The proposed similarCache employs the Pearson correlation coefficient to quantify the similarity levels among the cached data in the server cache. The lowest Pearson correlation coefficients cached data are the first to be evicted from the memory. The proposed similarCache was empirically evaluated based on simulations conducted on four IRcache datasets. The simulation outcomes revealed that the data access patterns, and the configuration of the allocated memory cache significantly influenced the hit ratio performance. In particular, the simulations on the SV dataset with the most minor memory space configuration exhibited a 2.33% and 1% superiority over the SIZE and FIFO algorithms, respectively. Future tasks include building a cache that can adapt to data access patterns by determining the standard deviation. The proposed similarCache should raise the Pearson coefficient for often available data to the same level as most accessed data in exceptional cases.
IoT Attack Detection using Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Smart Home
Authors: S Azli Sham Sharifah Nabila , Ishak Khairul Khalil , Mat Razali Noor Afiza , Mohd Noor Normaizeerah , Hasbullah Nor Asiakin
Published: March 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the traditional Internet, pushing past its former boundaries by implementing smart linked gadgets. The IoT is steadily becoming a staple of everyday life, having been implemented into various diverse applications, such as cities, smart homes, and transportation.  However, despite the technological advancements that the IoT brings, various new security risks have also been introduced due to the development of new types of attacks. This prevents current intelligent IoT applications from adaptively learning from other intelligent IoT applications, which leaves them in a volatile state. In this paper, we conducted a structured literature review (SLR) on Smart Home's IoT attack detection using machine learning and deep learning. Four journal databases were used to perform this review: IEEE, Science Direct, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), and SpringerLink. Sixty articles were selected and studied, where we noted the various patterns and techniques present in the framework of the selected research. We also took note of the different machine learning and deep learning methods, the types of attacks, and the Network layers present in Smart Home. By conducting an SLR, we analyzed the numerous techniques of IoT attack detection for smart homes proposed by various theoretical studies. We enhanced the studied literature by proposing a new solution for better IoT attack detection in smart homes.
Forum Text Processing and Summarization
Authors: Mak Yen-Wei , Goh Hui-Ngo , Lim Amy Hui-Lan
Published: March 2024

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) are extensively studied in general domains like the medical field, but such frameworks are lacking in domains such as software engineering and open-source communities. This research aims to bridge this gap by establishing the foundations of an automated FAQ Generation and Retrieval framework specifically tailored to the software engineering domain. The framework involves analyzing, ranking, performing sentiment analysis, and summarization techniques on open forums like StackOverflow and GitHub issues. A corpus of Stack Overflow post data is collected to evaluate the proposed framework and the selected models. Integrating state-of-the-art models of string-matching models, sentiment analysis models, summarization models, and the proprietary ranking formula proposed in this paper forms a robust Automatic FAQ Generation and Retrieval framework to facilitate developers' work. String matching, sentiment analysis, and summarization models are evaluated, and F1 scores of 71.31%, 74.90%, and 53.4% were achieved. Given the subjective nature of evaluations in this context, a human review is used to further validate the effectiveness of the overall framework, with assessments made on relevancy, preferred ranking, and preferred summarization. Future work includes improving summarization models by incorporating text classification and summarizing them individually (Kou et al, 2023), as well as proposing feedback loop systems based on human reinforcement learning. Furthermore, efforts will be made to optimize the framework by utilizing knowledge graphs for dimension reduction, enabling it to handle larger corpora effectively
Programming Language Selection for The Development of Deep Learning Library
Authors: Rachmawati Oktavia Citra Resmi , Barakbah Ali Ridho , Karlita Tita
Published: March 2024

Recently, deep learning has become very successful in various applications, leading to an increasing need for software tools to keep up with the rapid pace of innovation in deep learning research. As a result, we suggested the development of a software library related to deep learning that would be useful for researchers and practitioners in academia and industry for their research endeavors. The programming language is the core of deep learning library development, so this paper describes the selection stage to find the most suitable programming language for developing a deep learning library based on two criteria, including coverage on many projects and the ability to handle high-dimensional array processing. We addressed the comparison of programming languages with two approaches. First, we looked for the most demanding programming languages for AI Jobs by conducting a data-driven approach against the data gathered from several Job-Hunting Platforms. Then, we found the findings that imply Python, C++, and Java as the top three. After that, we compared the three most widely used programming languages by calculating interval time to three different programs that contain an array of exploitation processes. Based on the result of the experiments that were executed in the computer terminal, Java outperformed Python and C++ in two of the three experiments conducted with 5,4047 milliseconds faster than C++ and 231,1639 milliseconds faster than Python to run quick sort algorithm for arrays that contain 100.000 integer values.
Cluster Analysis of Japanese Whiskey Product Review Using K-Means Clustering
Authors: Witarsyah Deden , Akbar Moh Adli , Praditha Villy Satria , Sugiat Maria
Published: March 2024

Since 2008, the Japanese whiskey business has grown steadily. Overall, the whiskey market (at factory price) is expected to reach $2.95 billion in 2019, accounting for 8.6 percent of the entire alcoholic beverage industry. The rise in popularity of Japanese whiskey is associated with the country's growing international reputation. Founded 1985 as an independent bottler, Master of Malt was the first company to service clients who ordered single malt whiskey through the mail-order system. Master of Malt's omnichannel approach encompasses all channels available to the company. Known as their 'omnichannel,' this refers to the organization's capability to provide speed and precision from any place at any time. As their brand has grown over the years, they have used various marketing strategies, including a website redesign and rebuild that involved the creation of all relevant content and designing and constructing landing pages for their website. Following a clustering technique, we discovered that the data is being divided into four distinct groups and that these clusters may serve as a recommender system based on the occurrence of terms in each of the categories. Our summarizing component combined phrases related to the exact subtopics and provided users with a concise summary and sentimental information about the group of phrases.
A common cis-regulatory variant impacts normal-range and disease-associated human facial shape through regulation of PKDCC during chondrogenesis
Authors: Mohammed Jaaved , Arora Neha , Matthews Harold S , Hansen Karissa , Bader Maram , Walsh Susan , Shaffer John R , Weinberg Seth M , Swigut Tomek , Claes Peter , Selleri Licia , Wysocka Joanna
Published: March 2024

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified thousands of genetic variants linked to phenotypic traits and disease risk. However, mechanistic understanding of how GWAS variants influence complex morphological traits and can, in certain cases, simultaneously confer normal-range phenotypic variation and disease predisposition, is still largely lacking. Here, we focus on rs6740960, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the 2p21 locus, which in GWAS studies has been associated both with normal-range variation in jaw shape and with an increased risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefting. Using in vitro derived embryonic cell types relevant for human facial morphogenesis, we show that this SNP resides in an enhancer that regulates chondrocytic expression of PKDCC - a gene encoding a tyrosine kinase involved in chondrogenesis and skeletal development. In agreement, we demonstrate that the rs6740960 SNP is sufficient to confer chondrocyte-specific differences in PKDCC expression. By deploying dense landmark morphometric analysis of skull elements in mice, we show that changes in Pkdcc dosage are associated with quantitative changes in the maxilla, mandible, and palatine bone shape that are concordant with the facial phenotypes and disease predisposition seen in humans. We further demonstrate that the frequency of the rs6740960 variant strongly deviated among different human populations, and that the activity of its cognate enhancer diverged in hominids. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation of how a common SNP can mediate normal-range and disease-associated morphological variation, with implications for the evolution of human facial features.
Is competition for cellular resources a driver of complex trait heritability?
Authors: Naret Olivier , Simons Yuval , Fellay Jacques , Pritchard Jonathan K
Published: March 2024

Most human complex traits are enormously polygenic, with thousands of contributing variants with small effects, spread across much of the genome. These observations raise questions about why so many variants–and so many genes–impact any given phenotype. Here we consider a possible model in which variant effects are due to competition among genes for pools of shared intracellular resources such as RNA polymerases. To this end, we describe a simple theoretical model of resource competition for polymerases during transcription. We show that as long as a gene uses only a small fraction of the overall supply of polymerases, competition with other genes for this supply will only have a negligible effect on variation in the gene’s expression. In particular, although resource competition increases the proportion of heritability explained by trans-eQTLs, this effect is far too small to account for the roughly 70% of expression heritability thought to be due to trans-regulation. Similarly, we find that competition will only have an appreciable effect on complex traits under very limited conditions: that core genes collectively use a large fraction of the cellular pool of polymerases and their overall expression level is strongly correlated (or anti-correlated) with trait values. Our qualitative results should hold for a wide family of models relating to cellular resource limitations. We conclude that, for most traits, resource competition is not a major source of complex trait heritability.
C9orf72 polyPR directly binds to various nuclear transport components
Authors: Jafarinia Hamidreza , van der Giessen Erik , Onck Patrick R
Published: March 2024

The disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) is an important mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. In the case of C9orf72-ALS, trafficking of macromolecules through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) might get frustrated by the binding of C9orf72-translated arginine-containing dipeptide repeat proteins (R-DPRs) to the Kapβ family of nuclear transport receptors. Besides Kapβs, several other types of transport components have been linked to NCT impairments in R-DPR-expressed cells, but the molecular origin of these observations has not been clarified. Here, we adopt a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model at amino acid resolution to study the direct interaction between polyPR, the most toxic DPR, and various nuclear transport components to elucidate the binding mechanisms and provide a complete picture of potential polyPR-mediated NCT defects. We found polyPR to directly bind to several isoforms of the Impα family, CAS (the specific exporter of Impα) and RanGAP. We observe no binding between polyPR and Ran. Longer polyPRs at lower salt concentrations also make contact with RanGEF and NTF2. Analyzing the polyPR contact sites on the transport components reveals that polyPR potentially interferes with RanGTP/RanGDP binding, with nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing cargoes (cargo-NLS) binding to Impα, with cargo-NLS release from Impα, and with Impα export from the nucleus. The abundance of polyPR-binding sites on multiple transport components combined with the inherent polyPR length dependence makes direct polyPR interference of NCT a potential mechanistic pathway of C9orf72 toxicity.
Imaging analysis of six human histone H1 variants reveals universal enrichment of H1.2, H1.3, and H1.5 at the nuclear periphery and nucleolar H1X presence
Authors: Salinas-Pena Mónica , Rebollo Elena , Jordan Albert
Published: March 2024

Histone H1 participates in chromatin condensation and regulates nuclear processes. Human somatic cells may contain up to seven histone H1 variants, although their functional heterogeneity is not fully understood. Here, we have profiled the differential nuclear distribution of the somatic H1 repertoire in human cells through imaging techniques including super-resolution microscopy. H1 variants exhibit characteristic distribution patterns in both interphase and mitosis. H1.2, H1.3, and H1.5 are universally enriched at the nuclear periphery in all cell lines analyzed and co-localize with compacted DNA. H1.0 shows a less pronounced peripheral localization, with apparent variability among different cell lines. On the other hand, H1.4 and H1X are distributed throughout the nucleus, being H1X universally enriched in high-GC regions and abundant in the nucleoli. Interestingly, H1.4 and H1.0 show a more peripheral distribution in cell lines lacking H1.3 and H1.5. The differential distribution patterns of H1 suggest specific functionalities in organizing lamina-associated domains or nucleolar activity, which is further supported by a distinct response of H1X or phosphorylated H1.4 to the inhibition of rDNA transcription. Moreover, H1 variants depletion affects chromatin structure in a variant-specific manner. Concretely, H1.2 knock-down, either alone or combined, triggers a global chromatin decompaction. Overall, imaging has allowed us to distinguish H1 variants distribution beyond the segregation in two groups denoted by previous ChIP-seq determinations. Our results support H1 variants heterogeneity and suggest that variant-specific functionality can be shared between different cell types.
Activity-dependent mitochondrial ROS signaling regulates recruitment of glutamate receptors to synapses
Authors: Doser Rachel L , Knight Kaz M , Deihl Ennis W , Hoerndli Frederic J
Published: March 2024

Our understanding of mitochondrial signaling in the nervous system has been limited by the technical challenge of analyzing mitochondrial function in vivo. In the transparent genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans, we were able to manipulate and measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) signaling of individual mitochondria as well as neuronal activity of single neurons in vivo. Using this approach, we provide evidence supporting a novel role for mitoROS signaling in dendrites of excitatory glutamatergic C. elegans interneurons. Specifically, we show that following neuronal activity, dendritic mitochondria take up calcium (Ca2+) via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU-1) that results in an upregulation of mitoROS production. We also observed that mitochondria are positioned in close proximity to synaptic clusters of GLR-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors that mediate neuronal excitation. We show that synaptic recruitment of GLR-1 is upregulated when MCU-1 function is pharmacologically or genetically impaired but is downregulated by mitoROS signaling. Thus, signaling from postsynaptic mitochondria may regulate excitatory synapse function to maintain neuronal homeostasis by preventing excitotoxicity and energy depletion.
Identifying images in the biology literature that are problematic for people with a color-vision deficiency
Authors: Stevens Harlan P , Winegar Carly V , Oakley Arwen F , Piccolo Stephen R
Published: March 2024

To help maximize the impact of scientific journal articles, authors must ensure that article figures are accessible to people with color-vision deficiencies (CVDs), which affect up to 8% of males and 0.5% of females. We evaluated images published in biology- and medicine-oriented research articles between 2012 and 2022. Most included at least one color contrast that could be problematic for people with deuteranopia (‘deuteranopes’), the most common form of CVD. However, spatial distances and within-image labels frequently mitigated potential problems. Initially, we reviewed 4964 images from eLife, comparing each against a simulated version that approximated how it might appear to deuteranopes. We identified 636 (12.8%) images that we determined would be difficult for deuteranopes to interpret. Our findings suggest that the frequency of this problem has decreased over time and that articles from cell-oriented disciplines were most often problematic. We used machine learning to automate the identification of problematic images. For a hold-out test set from eLife (n=879), a convolutional neural network classified the images with an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.75. The same network classified images from PubMed Central (n=1191) with an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.39. We created a Web application (https://bioapps.byu.edu/colorblind_image_tester); users can upload images, view simulated versions, and obtain predictions. Our findings shed new light on the frequency and nature of scientific images that may be problematic for deuteranopes and motivate additional efforts to increase accessibility.
PI3K/HSCB axis facilitates FOG1 nuclear translocation to promote erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis
Authors: Liu Gang , Hou Yunxuan , Jin Xin , Zhang Yixue , Sun Chaoyue , Huang Chengquan , Ren Yujie , Gao Jianmin , Wang Xiuli , Jiang Xiumei
Published: March 2024

Erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis are stringently regulated by signaling pathways. However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which signaling pathways regulate key transcription factors controlling erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis remain partially understood. Herein, we identified heat shock cognate B (HSCB), which is well known for its iron–sulfur cluster delivery function, as an indispensable protein for friend of GATA 1 (FOG1) nuclear translocation during erythropoiesis of K562 human erythroleukemia cells and cord-blood-derived human CD34+CD90+hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as well as during megakaryopoiesis of the CD34+CD90+HSCs. Mechanistically, HSCB could be phosphorylated by phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) to bind with and mediate the proteasomal degradation of transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 (TACC3), which otherwise detained FOG1 in the cytoplasm, thereby facilitating FOG1 nuclear translocation. Given that PI3K is activated during both erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, and that FOG1 is a key transcription factor for these processes, our findings elucidate an important, previously unrecognized iron–sulfur cluster delivery independent function of HSCB in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis.
TMC7 deficiency causes acrosome biogenesis defects and male infertility in mice
Authors: Wang Jing , Yin Yingying , Yang Lei , Qin Junchao , Wang Zixiang , Qiu Chunhong , Gao Yuan , Lu Gang , Gao Fei , Chen Zi-Jiang , Zhang Xiyu , Liu Hongbin , Liu Zhaojian
Published: March 2024

Transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins are a highly conserved ion channel family consisting of eight members (TMC1–TMC8) in mammals. TMC1/2 are components of the mechanotransduction channel in hair cells, and mutations of TMC1/2 cause deafness in humans and mice. However, the physiological roles of other TMC proteins remain largely unknown. Here, we show that Tmc7 is specifically expressed in the testis and that it is required for acrosome biogenesis during spermatogenesis. Tmc7−/− mice exhibited abnormal sperm head, disorganized mitochondrial sheaths, and reduced number of elongating spermatids, similar to human oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. We further demonstrate that TMC7 is colocalized with GM130 at the cis-Golgi region in round spermatids. TMC7 deficiency leads to aberrant Golgi morphology and impaired fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles to the developing acrosome. Moreover, upon loss of TMC7 intracellular ion homeostasis is impaired and ROS levels are increased, which in turn causes Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Taken together, these results suggest that TMC7 is required to maintain pH and ion homeostasis, which is needed for acrosome biogenesis. Our findings unveil a novel role for TMC7 in acrosome biogenesis during spermiogenesis.
Tmc7 deficiency causes acrosome biogenesis defects and male infertility in mice
Authors: Wang Jing , Yin Yingying , Yang Lei , Qin Junchao , Wang Zixiang , Qiu Chunhong , Gao Yuan , Lu Gang , Gao Fei , Chen Zi-jiang , Zhang Xiyu , Liu Hongbin , Liu Zhaojian
Published: March 2024

Transmembrane channel-like (Tmc) proteins are a highly conserved ion channel family consisting of eight members (TMC1–TMC8) in mammals. TMC1/2 are components of the mechanotransduction channel in hair cells, and mutations of TMC1/2 cause deafness in humans and mice. However, the physiological roles of other TMC proteins remain largely unknown. Here, we show that Tmc7 is specifically expressed in the testis and that it is required for acrosome biogenesis during spermatogenesis.
Tmc7
−/−
mice exhibited complete male infertility due to abnormal sperm morphology, similar to human oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. We further demonstrate that Tmc7 is colocalized with Gm130 at the cis-Golgi region in round spermatids. Tmc7 deficiency leads to aberrant Golgi morphology and impaired fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles to the developing acrosome. Moreover, upon loss of Tmc7 Golgi pH and ion homeostasis is impaired and ROS levels are increased, which in turn causes Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Tmc7 is required to maintain Golgi pH and ion homeostasis, which is needed for acrosome biogenesis. Our findings unveil a novel role for Tmc7 in acrosome biogenesis during spermiogenesis.
An improved differential evolution algorithm for multi-modal multi-objective optimization
Authors: Qu Dan , Xiao Hualin , Chen Huafei , Li Hongyi
Published: March 2024

Multi-modal multi-objective problems (MMOPs) have gained much attention during the last decade. These problems have two or more global or local Pareto optimal sets (PSs), some of which map to the same Pareto front (PF). This article presents a new affinity propagation clustering (APC) method based on the Multi-modal multi-objective differential evolution (MMODE) algorithm, called MMODE_AP, for the suit of CEC’2020 benchmark functions. First, two adaptive mutation strategies are adopted to balance exploration and exploitation and improve the diversity in the evolution process. Then, the affinity propagation clustering method is adopted to define the crowding degree in decision space (DS) and objective space (OS). Meanwhile, the non-dominated sorting scheme incorporates a particular crowding distance to truncate the population during the environmental selection process, which can obtain well-distributed solutions in both DS and OS. Moreover, the local PF membership of the solution is defined, and a predefined parameter is introduced to maintain of the local PSs and solutions around the global PS. Finally, the proposed algorithm is implemented on the suit of CEC’2020 benchmark functions for comparison with some MMODE algorithms. According to the experimental study results, the proposed MMODE_AP algorithm has about 20 better performance results on benchmark functions compared to its competitors in terms of reciprocal of Pareto sets proximity (rPSP), inverted generational distances (IGD) in the decision (IGDX) and objective (IGDF). The proposed algorithm can efficiently achieve the two goals, i.e., the convergence to the true local and global Pareto fronts along with better distributed Pareto solutions on the Pareto fronts.
Generation and characterization of mAb 61H9 against junctional adhesion molecule-a with potent antitumor activity
Authors: Liu Kang , Yang Hang , Xiong Rong , Shen Yunlong , Song Guiqin , Yang Jinliang , Wang Zhenling
Published: March 2024

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is an adhesion molecule that exists on the surface of certain types of cells, including white blood cells, endothelial cells, and dendritic cells. In this study, the cDNA sequences of JAM-A-Fc were chemically synthesized with optimization for mammalian expression. Afterward, we analyzed JAM-A protein expression through transient transfection in HEK293 cell lines. Mice were immunized with JAM-A-Fc protein, and hybridoma was prepared by fusing myeloma cells and mouse spleen cells. Antibodies were purified from the hybridoma supernatant and four monoclonal strains were obtained and numbered 61H9, 70E5, 71A8, and 74H3 via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening. Immunofluorescence staining assay showed 61H9 was the most suitable cell line for mAb production due to its fluorescence signal being the strongest. Flow cytometric analysis proved that 61H9 possessed high affinity. Moreover, antagonism of JAM-A mAb could attenuate the proliferative, migrative, and invasive abilities of ESCC cells and significantly inhibit tumor growth in mice. By examining hematoxylin-eosin staining mice tumor tissues, we found inflammatory cells infiltrated lightly in the anti-JAM-A group. The expression of BCL-2 and IκBα in the anti-JAM-A group were decreased in mice tumor tissues compared to the control group. Ultimately, a method for preparing high-yield JAM-A-Fc protein was created and a high affinity mAb against JAM-A with an antitumor effect was prepared.
CICLOVÍAS EN SANTIAGO: EVALUACIÓN Y PROPUESTAS DE MEJORAMIENTO
Authors: Mora Rodrigo , Vecchio Giovanni , Tiznado-Aitken Ignacio , Oyarzún Gabriel , Vergara Jaime
Published: March 2024

La red de ciclovías de Santiago (440 km) tiene importantes disparidades en cobertura por comuna, calidad de la infraestructura y continuidad de la red, a los que se suman requerimientos de diseño a nivel ministerial que pueden ser confusos e incluso contradictorios. Este documento presenta estas incongruencias para el caso de Santiag0 y propone medidas para la implementación de ciclovías de calidad.
JEAN FRANÇOIS SUDRE’NİN “LANGUE MUSICALE UNIVERSELLE” (“SOL RE SOL”) MÜZİK DİLİNE BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: MAMMADALIYEV Mihriban
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışmada, Jean François Sudre’nın “Langue Musicale Universelle” (“Sol Re Sol”) yapay müzik dilinin tarihsel boyutu, kullanım şekilleri, yazımı ve iletişim araçları ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, unutulmuş olan bu müzik dilini tekrar gündeme getirmek, aynı zamanda Sudre tarafından öne sürülen müziğin evrenselliği fikrini araştırmak ve bu müzik dilinin yararları ile kısıtlılıklarını ele alarak değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada nitel yöntem kullanılmış olup literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Bulgular bölümünde “Langue Musicale Universelle” (“Sol Re Sol”) müzik dilinin sözlerinin tümünün majör dizisinde yer alan yedi nota ile oluştuğu belirtilmiştir. Bu müzik dili yazarak, solfej okuyarak, şarkı söyleyerek, müzik aletlerinde icra ederek, şifrelerle kodlayarak; el hareketleriyle, çizimlerle, renklerle ve diğer iletişim araçlarıyla ifade edilebilmektedir. Ayrıca, görme, konuşma veya işitme engelli bireylerin erişebileceği evrensel bir müzik dilinin olduğu görülmektedir. Sudre tarafından müziğin evrensel bir dil olduğu düşüncesi iddia edilmiş olup sonuç bölümünde konuyla ilgili eleştirel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
GÜLTEN DAYIOĞLU’NUN IŞIN ÇAĞI ÇOCUKLARI ADLI BİLİM KURGU ROMANIN FEN BİLİMLERİ KAVRAM YANILGILARI BAĞLAMINDA ANALİZİ
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Nurettin
Published: March 2024

Gülten Dayıoğlu, edebiyatımıza çok sayıda eser kazandırmış yazarlarımızdandır. Gülten Dayıoğlu’nun kaleme aldığı bilim kurgu türündeki eserler birçok baskı yaparak çocuk ve gençlik edebiyatında çok okunan eserler arasında yer almıştır. Bu romanlardan birisi de Işın Çağı Çocukları’dır. Bilim kurgu türündeki eserlerin en önemli özelliklerinden birisi, bilimden güç alarak kurguya gitmesidir. Bu eserlerde kullanılan kavramların özenle irdelenerek zihinlerde yanılgıya yol açmayacak şekilde kullanılması gerekmektedir. Kavram yanılgıları sonraki öğrenmeleri güçleştirebilmekte ya da öğrenmeyi engellemektedir. Çocuk edebiyatı eserlerinde, varsa kavram yanılgılarının tespit edilmesi ve bunların çocuk okuyucuya açıklanarak yanılgının düzeltilmesi gerekli görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak Gülten Dayıoğlu romanlarından Işın Çağı Çocukları’nın fen bilimleri kavramlarına ilişkin kavram yanılgıları bağlamında analizi yapılmıştır.
ÜNİVERSİTE DÜZEYİNDE MESLEKİ MÜZİK EĞİTİMİ ALAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN PİYANO EĞİTİMİNDE TEMEL, TEKNİK VE MÜZİKAL DAVRANIŞLARI KAZANMA DÜZEYLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KARATAŞ Kamil Onur
Published: March 2024

Bu araştırmada üniversite düzeyinde mesleki müzik eğitimi alan öğrencilerin piyano eğitiminde temel, teknik ve müzikal davranışları kazanma düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan tarama modeli çerçevesinde gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırma 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılında Türkiye’de konservatuvarlar, güzel sanatlar fakültelerine bağlı müzik bölümleri ile eğitim fakültelerine bağlı müzik eğitimi ana bilim dallarında ana dal piyano haricindeki temel piyano, yardımcı piyano gibi dersler kapsamında piyano eğitimi veren öğretim elemanları ile yürütülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda 52 üniversiteden toplamda 96 öğretim elemanı araştırmaya katılım sağlamıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu ile öğrencilerin piyano eğitiminde temel, teknik ve müzikal davranışları kazanma düzeylerinin öğretim elemanı görüşlerine göre belirlemesine yönelik oluşturulan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Hazırlanan anket formu öğretim elemanlarına yüz yüze ve online olarak sunulmuştur. Öğretim elemanlarının maddelere verdiği cevapların dağılımları yüzde (%) ve frekans (f) şeklinde analiz edilerek olumlu ya da olumsuz yöndeki görüşleri yorumlanmıştır. Diğer yandan kurum türüne göre verilen yanıtların karşılaştırılmasında tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova)
uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada öğretim elemanı görüşleri doğrultusunda konservatuvar, güzel sanatlar fakülteleri müzik bölümü ve eğitim fakülteleri güzel sanatlar eğitimi bölümü müzik eğitimi ana bilim dallarında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin ana çalgı piyano dışındaki yardımcı piyano / temel piyano gibi derslerde verilen piyano eğitimi kapsamında temel davranışları büyük ölçüde kazandıkları, teknik ve müzikal davranışları ise orta düzeyde kazandıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öğretim elemanlarının verdikleri cevapların görev yaptıkları kurum türüne göre farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir.
Towards an understanding of apoptosis detection by SYTO dyes
Authors: Wlodkowic Donald , Skommer Joanna , Pelkonen Jukka
Published: January 2007

Background:

SYTO probes are gaining momentum as reliable and easy to use markers of apoptotic cell death, but the phenomenon underlying reduced SYTO fluorescence in apoptotic cells as compared with normal cells is still not fully elucidated. Herein, we attempt to provide further insights into mechanisms of reduced SYTO16 fluorescence during apoptosis.

Methods:

Human follicular lymphoma cell lines were subjected to diverse apoptotic and oncotic stimuli with subsequent multiparametric flow cytometric and fluorescence imaging analysis. SYTO green (SYTO11‐16), TMRM, PI, 7AAD, and Hoechst 33342 probes were applied for multivariate analysis of temporal sequence of apoptotic events. Sorting of cells differing in the level of SYTO16 fluorescence and subsequent characterization of obtained subpopulations were also performed.

Results:

Loss of SYTO16 fluorescence (SYTOlow/PI+ events) has been observed in cells exposed to oncotic stimuli, whereas SYTOhigh/PI+ events did not prevail at any treatment scenario. We tracked similarities and discrepancies between SYTO16 and TMRM probes. Often, SYTO16 and TMRM exhibited the same staining profiles, as loss of their fluorescence was detected in a single cell population. However, both mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP and a small‐molecule Bcl‐2 inhibitor, HA14‐1, appeared to induce distinct staining profiles of SYTO16 and TMRM, with the decrease in TMRM fluorescence preceding the loss of SYTO16 fluorescence. Importantly, in both cases (FCCP and HA14‐1) the decrease of SYTO16 fluorescence was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of caspases (with z‐VAD‐fmk).

Conclusions:

The data demonstrate that loss of SYTO16 is caspase‐dependent, as is not a mere indicator of Δψm dissipation. Commonly observed similarities between SYTO and TMRM may stem from the fast kinetics of apoptotic events once cell death is initiated. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology.
An idealised model of turbulent dispersion: one rectangular pulse initial condition
Authors: Mole Nils , Yeun Hyun Ku
Published: January 2007

We examine an idealised model of turbulent dispersion which was introduced by Zimmerman and Chatwin. It involves deterministic diffusion in a periodic one‐dimensional domain, for a specified initial concentration field. A stochastic element is introduced by sampling at random across the domain, equivalent to random advection by a velocity which does not vary spatially. We consider initial conditions consisting of a single rectangular pulse, displaced a distance X0 from the centre of the domain. We present numerical results for the dependence of the variance, skewness, kurtosis and probability density function (pdf) of concentration on X0 and on time, and we derive the large time asymptotic forms for these quantities. At large time, the pdf is inevitably bimodal, with the peaks at the smallest and largest concentrations. To allow for a range of possible distances between strands of high concentration, as would be expected in a real turbulent flow, we suggest a new model pdf for concentration, obtained by averaging over different values of X0. For a uniform distribution of X0 values, we show that this gives a unimodal concentration pdf at large time, with the peak at the mean concentration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of some novel triphenylarsenic(V) derivatives of monofunctional bidentate 2,2‐disubstituted benzothiazoline ligands
Authors: Sharma Pankaj K. , Rai A. K. , Singh Yashpal
Published: January 2007

A series of triphenylarsenic(V) derivatives Ph3As(OPri)[SC6H4N:C(R)CH2C(O)R′] have been synthesized by the reactions of triphenylarsenic(V)‐ isoproproxide, Ph3As(OPri)2 with the corresponding 2,2‐disubstituted benzothiazolines of the type ${\rm H\overline{NC_6 H_4 S}C(R)CH_2C(O)R'}$ (where R = CH3, R′ = CH3(1); R = CH3, R′ = C6H5(2); R = CH3, R′ = 4‐CH3C6H4(3); R = CH3, R′ = 4‐ClC6H4(4); and R = CF3, R′ = C6H5(5)) in equimolar ratio in refluxing benzene solution. Molecular weight measurements of these complexes show their monomeric nature in solution. Characterization of these compounds using elemental analyses, molecular weight measurements, and spectral studies (IR as well as NMR (1H and 13C)) shows the monofunctional bidentate nature of the ligands and a hexacoordination around the central arsenic atom in these organoarsenic(V) derivatives. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:76–80, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20233
Chemoselective synthesis of thieno[3,2‐c][1,8]naphthyridin‐4(5H)‐ones by tandem cyclization
Authors: Majumdar Krishna C. , Rafique‐ul‐Islam
Published: January 2007

A number of the thieno[3,2‐c][1,8]‐naphthyridin‐4(5H)‐ones are chemoselectively synthesized from 4‐(4′‐aryloxybut‐2′‐ynylthio)‐1‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐2(1H)‐ones in 82–90% yield by the formation of sulfoxide, followed by [2,3] and [3,3]sigmatropic rearrangement and an intramolecular Michael addition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:87–92, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20234
Synthesis of 7‐chloro‐9‐trifluoromethyl‐/7‐fluorophenothiazines
Authors: Rathore Bhawani Singh , Gupta V. , Gupta R. R. , Kumar M.
Published: January 2007

Synthesis of 7‐chloro‐9‐trifluoromethyl‐/7‐fluorophenothiazines is reported by Smiles rearrangement of 5‐chloro‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐/5‐fluoro‐2‐formamido‐2′‐nitrodiphenyl sulfides. The later were obtained by the formylation of 2‐amino‐5‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐/5‐fluoro‐2′‐nitrodiphenyl sulfides, which were prepared by the condensation of 2‐amino‐5‐fluoro‐/5‐chloro‐3‐trifluoromethyl benzenethiols with o‐halonitrobenzenes. 1‐Nitrophenothiazines have also been synthesized by the condensation of 2‐aminobenzenethiols with o‐halonitrobenzenes, involving Smiles rearrangement in situ. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:81–86, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20235
Synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of some schiff bases derived from 2‐aminothiazole derivatives
Authors: Zhou Xin , Shao Ling , Jin Zhong , Liu Jian‐Bing , Dai Hong , Fang Jian‐Xin
Published: January 2007

A novel series of thiazolyl Schiff bases have been designed and synthesized. These new compounds were obtained by the reactions of 4‐phenyl‐5‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl) thiazol‐2‐amine and substituted aromatic aldehydes and were characterized on the basis of 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antitumor activity against human cancer cell lines, namely HL‐60 (leukemia), BGC‐823 (stomach), and HEP‐2 (larynx cancer). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:55–59, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20256
Effect of unitization on associative recognition in amnesia
Authors: Quamme Joel R. , Yonelinas Andrew P. , Norman Kenneth A.
Published: January 2007

We examined how associative recognition performance in amnesic patients is mediated by use of a unitized (i.e., holistic) encoding strategy, and the degree to which the unitization effect is related to sparing of familiarity‐based recognition. Participants studied word pairs as either separate lexical units in sentences (i.e., nonunitized) or as compounds (unitized). Under standard recognition instructions, normal controls and patients with left‐temporal lobe damage (previously determined to have impairments in both recollection and familiarity) showed no difference for unitized and nonunitized pairs, whereas hypoxics (previously determined to have impaired recollection but relatively preserved familiarity) showed an advantage of unitized over nonunitized pairs. This effect was reproduced in normal healthy participants under instructions to restrict responses to judgments of familiarity. The results indicate that unitization may mediate the degree of associative recognition impairment exhibited by some amnesic patients, and that the effect is related to preserved familiarity capacity. The relevance of the results to the debate over the importance of the hippocampus in memory for associations is discussed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increasing the sensitivity of δ13C and δ15N abundance measurements by a high sensitivity elemental analyzer connected to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer
Authors: Hansen T. , Sommer U.
Published: January 2007

A common elemental analyzer system connected to a temperature‐controlled gas chromatography (GC) column and coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer was improved to decrease the determination limit for a simultaneous stable isotope ratio measurement of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The additional use of a special ashtray system to collect the combustion residuals permitted more time‐efficient work. These modifications to the elemental analyzer allowed precise measurements to be made down to 1.5 µg nitrogen and 10 µg carbon for stable isotope analysis. Low system background values and an acceptable signal‐to‐noise ratio have made an additional blank correction for these low sample measurements unnecessary. We provide a precision of this stable isotope analysis for lowest amounts of 1.2–2 µg nitrogen with a standard deviation of ±0.496‰ (n = 27) and for 8.2–15 µg carbon with a standard deviation of ±0.257‰ (n = 31) across different sample runs under stipulated conditions. This application can be established in an automatic mode without cryofocusing procedures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steady-state mushy layers: experiments and theory
Authors: PEPPIN S. S. L. , AUSSILLOUS P. , HUPPERT HERBERT E. , WORSTER M. GRAE
Published: January 2007

A new facility has been developed to investigate the directional solidification of transparent aqueous solutions forming mushy layers in a quasi-two-dimensional system. Experiments have been conducted on NaCl–H2O solutions by translating a Hele-Shaw cell at prescribed rates between fixed heat exchangers providing a temperature gradient of approximately 1°C mm−1. The mush–liquid interface remained planar at all freezing velocities larger than 8 μm s−1, while steepling occurred at lower velocities. No significant undercooling of the mush–liquid interface was detected at freezing velocities up to 12 μm s−1. Mathematical predictions of the steady-state temperature profile and mushy-layer thickness as functions of freezing rate are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements.
Perturbation dynamics in unsteady pipe flows
Authors: ZHAO M. , GHIDAOUI M. S. , KOLYSHKIN A. A.
Published: January 2007

This paper deals with perturbed unsteady laminar flows in a pipe. Three types of flows are considered: a flow accelerated from rest; a flow in a pipe generated by the controlled motion of a piston; and a water hammer flow where the transient is generated by the instantaneous closure of a valve. Methods of linear stability theory are used to analyse the behaviour of small perturbations in the flow. Since the base flow is unsteady, the linearized problem is formulated as an initial-value problem. This allows us to consider arbitrary initial conditions and describe both short-time and long-time evolution of the flow. The role of initial conditions on short-time transients is investigated. It is shown that the phenomenon of transient growth is not associated with a certain type of initial conditions. Perturbation dynamics is also studied for long times. In addition, optimal perturbations, i.e. initial perturbations that maximize the energy growth, are determined for all three types of flow discussed. Despite the fact that these optimal perturbations, most probably, will not occur in practice, they do provide an upper bound for energy growth and can be used as a point of reference. Results of numerical simulation are compared with previous experimental data. The comparison with data for accelerated flows shows that the instability cannot be explained by long-time asymptotics. In particular, the method of normal modes applied with the quasi-steady assumption will fail to predict the flow instability. In contrast, the transient growth mechanism may be used to explain transition since experimental transition time is found to be in the interval where the energy of perturbation experiences substantial growth. Instability of rapidly decelerated flows is found to be associated with asymptotic growth mechanism. Energy growth of perturbations is used in an attempt to explain previous experimental results. Numerical results show satisfactory agreement with the experimental features such as the wavelength of the most unstable mode and the structure of the most unstable disturbance. The validity of the quasi-steady assumption for stability studies of unsteady non-periodic laminar flows is discussed.