bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of PD-L1, BAP-1 and ILK in Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Illini Oliver , Benej Michal , Lang-Stöberl Anna Sophie , Fabikan Hannah , Brcic Luka , Sucher Florian , Krenbek Dagmar , Krajc Tibor , Weinlinger Christoph , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Valipour Arschang , Klikovits Thomas , Watzka Stefan
Published: December 2024

Background: Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare type of cancer with poor prognosis. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers could improve treatment strategies in these patients. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and breast cancer gene 1-associated protein (BAP-1) have been proposed to predict outcomes in PM, but existing data are limited and controversial. Design and Methods: This single-center, retrospective study analyzed data on expression patterns and the prognostic role of PD-L1, ILK and BAP-1 in consecutive patients diagnosed with PM. Results: Of all patients (n = 52) included, more than half showed a positive PD-L1 expression (52% TPS ≥ 1%, 65% CPS ≥ 1), 69% showed a BAP-1 loss and 80% an ILK ≥ 50%. Positive PD-L1 expression was more frequent in the non-epithelioid subtype (p = 0.045). ILK intensity (p = 0.032) and positive PD-L1 (p = 0.034) were associated with more advanced tumor stages. The median overall survival (OS) was 16.9 (95% CI 13.1–25.2) months. Multimodality therapy (MMT) including surgery and early stage were independent prognostic factors for longer OS (MMT: HR 0.347, 95% CI 0.13–0.90, p = 0.029; advanced stage: HR 4.989; 95% CI 1.64–15.13, p = 0.005). Patients with an expression of PD-L1 TPS ≥ 1% or BAP-1 positivity showed numerically worse survival with a median OS of 15.3 (11.5; 24.4) vs. 20.0 (11.2; 34.9) and 11.3 (5.6; 31.0) vs. 20.0 (15.2; 28.1) months, respectively. Furthermore, PD-L1 was associated with worse survival in patients receiving MMT (PD-L1 TPS ≥ 1%: 15.8 (12.1–25.4) vs. 31.3 (17.4–95.4) p = 0.053). ILK expression ≥50% did not influence survival. The combinations of CPS ≥ 1% with BAP-1 positivity or ILK expression ≥50% were associated with worse survival (p = 0.045, p = 0.019). Conclusions: In this real-world analysis, expressions of PD-L1 and BAP-1 were associated with worse survival in patients with PM. ILK showed no prognostic value. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers facilitating optimized individual treatment decision in this rare type of cancer.
Real-World Outcomes of Different Types of Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema Before and After Approval of Anti-Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor Agents
Authors: Sugimoto Masahiko , Chujo Shinichiro , Kato Kumiko , Shimura Masahiko , Kitano Shigehiko , Kusuhara Sentaro , Terasaki Hiroto , Kondo Mineo ,   Writing Committee of Japan-Clinical Retina Study Group (J-CREST)
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The object of this study was to determine the outcomes of treatments other than anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) before and after the approval of anti-VEGF therapy in Japan. Methods: This was a retrospective study registered in the database of the Survey of Treatment for DME (STREAT-DME). A total of 1683 patients treated from 2010 to 2017 were included. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) a pre-group, treated before the approval of anti-VEGF agents (2010–2013, n = 771), and (2) a post-group (2014–2017, n = 912). Each group was further categorized based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA): (i) improved from poor (>0.3 logMAR units) to good (≤0.3 logMAR units) or (ii) decreased from good to poor. Results: In the pre-group, 18.5% of patients improved from poor to good BCVA out of the total patient population (p < 0.0001), along with 17.3% out of those administered anti-VEGF therapy (p = 0.139), 20.5% of those administered a sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA, p = 0.02), 17.7% (p = 0.20) of those administered photocoagulation, and 14.2% of those who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV, p = 0.0001). In the post-group, 21.8% had improved BCVA out of the total patient population (p < 0.0001), along with 27.2% of those undergoing anti-VEGF therapy (p < 0.0001), 16.7% of those administered STTA (p < 0.0001), and 27.2% of those who underwent PPV (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: STTA and PPV are effective to a certain extent, even after the approval of anti-VEGF agents.
How Does Conditioned Pain Modulation Influence Motor Imagery Processes in Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome? A Cross-Sectional Study Secondary Analysis
Authors: Riquelme-Aguado Víctor , Di-Bonaventura Silvia , González-Álvarez María Elena , Zabarte-Del Campo Alazne , Fernández-Carnero Josué , Gil-Crujera Antonio , Gómez-Esquer Francisco , Villafañe Jorge Hugo
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a multifactorial pain syndrome not only characterized by widespread pain as the primary symptom but also accompanied by physical, psychological, and cognitive manifestations. Impairments in conditioned pain modulation (CPM) are common in this population; however, there is significant heterogeneity in the CPM response among women with FMS. The Left/Right Judgment Task (LRJT) is a validated method for studying motor imagery in chronic pain patients. Previous scientific evidence has not yet thoroughly investigated the relationship between CPM alterations and motor imagery processes in FMS patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CPM and motor imagery. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. Pain intensity (NPRS), disability (FIQ), mechanical hyperalgesia (PPT), descending pain modulation (CPM), and laterality discrimination (LRJT) were assessed in 30 women diagnosed with FMS. Participants were divided into two groups, responder and non-responder, according to their response to the CPM test. Results: Findings showed that the FMS subgroup of non-responders to CPM, performed worse in motor imagery processes (LRJT). Additionally, older age and higher mechanical hyperalgesia were also associated with poorer functioning of the inhibitory system. Conclusions: Women with FMS who are non-responders to CPM exhibit a reduced ability to perform motor imagery processes. Additionally, the non-responder group shown significant differences, such as older age and greater initial mechanical hyperalgesia compared to the responder group.
The Coexistence of Tinnitus and Temporomandibular Disorder: A Narrative Review on the Importance of an Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Saczuk Klara , Kal Wiktoria , Kaczała Aleksandra , Wawrzeń Jędrzej , Mielczarek Marzena , Eyüboğlu Tan Fırat , Özcan Mutlu , Lukomska-Szymanska Monika
Published: December 2024

This review focuses on the coexistence of tinnitus and temporomandibular disorders in terms of epidemiological data, etiology, differential diagnosis, treatment, and interaction between the two disorders. PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalKey digital databases were used to search for publications covering the years 2009–2024. Finally, 77 publications were used. The review followed recommendations of the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles. The prevalence of tinnitus in individuals with TMD amounted to 2–59% and was reported as the main concomitant symptom. Several studies reported that tinnitus was eight times more common in TMD sufferers. Among patients with tinnitus, TMJ disorders were observed at a frequency of 19%, while in the group presenting with a high severity of the condition, TMJ disorders were observed more frequently (36%). Based on this review, in order to facilitate the diagnosis and future treatment of tinnitus and TMD patients, a proposal for a multidisciplinary diagnostic algorithm is presented in the article. The cooperation of an otolaryngologist, audiologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, dentist, and physiotherapist may be considered in clinical settings.
Preoperative and Postoperative Arterial Adaptation in Patients with Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Burysz Marian , Kowalewski Mariusz , Piekuś-Słomka Natalia , Walocha Jerzy , Zawiliński Jarosław , Litwinowicz Radoslaw , Batko Jakub
Published: December 2024

Background: Spinal cord ischemia is one of the most serious complications after an aortic repair. To date, there is no evidence for arterial changes during an aortic dissection or for the observation of such arteries after an aortic repair. The aim of this study was to compare spinal-cord-supplying arteries in patients with an acute aortic dissection, preoperatively and postoperatively, with patients without an acute aortic dissection. Methods: Preoperative and postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans of 25 patients who had undergone the frozen elephant trunk procedure to treat an aortic dissection and 25 patients who qualified for a transcatheter aortic valve replacement without an acute aortic dissection and atherosclerosis of the analyzed vessels, treated as a control group, were reconstructed and retrospectively analyzed with the detailed medical data of the patients. The aortic branches with the ability to supply blood to the spinal cord as described in the literature were further analyzed. Results: The preoperative arterial diameters of the left internal thoracic artery, the left musculophrenic artery, and the left and right supreme intercostal arteries were significantly larger compared to the postoperative measurements. In addition, the preoperative measurements of the diameters of the left vertebral artery, right internal thoracic artery, left lateral thoracic artery, and left common iliac artery were significantly larger than in the control group. Conclusions: The internal thoracic arteries and supreme intercostal arteries may play a crucial role in providing additional blood supply to the spinal cord.
Effect of Hybrid Addition of Boron Nitride and Vanadium Carbide on Microstructure, Tribological, and Mechanical Properties of the AA6061 Al-Based Composites Fabricated by FSP
Authors: Milyani Ahmad H. , Mosleh Ahmed O. , Moustafa Essam B.
Published: December 2024

This work investigates the impact of friction stir processing (FSP) on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA 6061 alloy and its composites, which are strengthened with boron nitride nanoparticles and vanadium carbide microparticles. Composite samples were created using different proportions of reinforcing particles, including mono and hybrid composites. The efficacy of FSP as a technological method for enhancing the grain size of AA 6061 alloy and its composites has been proven. Adding reinforcing particles led to enhanced grain refinement, especially when using VC particles, which demonstrated greater efficacy than BN particles; thus, mono composite AA6061/VC shows the highest percentage reduction (94.29%) in grain size. Hybrid composites with a higher concentration of VC particles exhibited a more symmetrical microhardness profile. The microhardness of hybrid composites with a larger concentration of VC particles (40 vol.%BN + 60 vol.%VC) shows the most significant enhancement, with an increase of 51.61%. The Young’s and shear modulus of all composite samples processed by (FSP) had greater values than the wrought AA 6061 alloy. The investigated composite samples, especially 60% BN and 40% VC, enhanced the tribological properties of AA6061 and reduced the wear rate by about 52%. The observed characteristics may be due to BN and VC particles in the hybrid compost. This is because these particles effectively prevent grain elongation and inconsistent movement. This is because reinforcing particles can be tailored to have specific properties for specific applications.
Application of Olivine Powder as a Filler for Silicone Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
Authors: Antosik Adrian Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

In this work, new self-adhesive materials were obtained based on cross-linked silicone self-adhesives obtained by modifying the composition with the addition of a silicon filler, olivine. Silicone pressure-sensitive resin DOWSIL 7358 was used as a basis and modified with various amounts of olivine. New materials (self-adhesive tape samples) were characterized in terms of peel adhesion, tack, cohesion at room and elevated temperatures, SAFT test (shear adhesion failure temperature), pot life (storage stability), and shrinkage (dimensional stability). During the tests, an increase in thermal resistance (>225 °C) and a drastic reduction in shrinkage values (below 0.5%) were noted for all modified samples tested. All tests were performed in compliance with international standards, e.g., FINAT FTM 1, FINAT FTM 8, FINAT FTM 9, FINAT FTM 14, and GTF 6001. This allows us to conclude that the new material has significant application potential due to the good performance results. The results of adhesion and tack were in ranges accepted in the PSA industry, cohesion was kept at an unchanged level (above 72 h), and a great increase in the thermal resistance was observed (from 147 °C for pure resin to high above 225 °C for even the smallest additions of the olivine powder. Moreover, the shrinkage of prepared adhesive films was reduced significantly. In the available literature, there are no references to the modification of adhesives using powdered silicon minerals of natural origin, which is a novelty due to their higher bulk density compared to commercial powdered silicon fillers.
The Effect of Adhesive Quantity on Adhesion Quality and Mechanical Characteristics of Woven Kevlar Fabric-Reinforced Laminated Structures
Authors: Adekunle Feyi , Seyam Abdel-Fattah M.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the adhesion and mechanical properties of woven fabric-reinforced laminates (FRLs) made with four distinct Kevlar fabrics of varying areal densities (36 g/m2, 60 g/m2, 140 g/m2, and 170 g/m2) under different fabric-to-adhesive weight ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:1.5) in both the warp and weft directions. A novel aspect of this research lies in our systematic study of the effect of adhesive quantity on FRLs, a topic that has received limited attention despite its critical role in laminate performance. Additionally, the application of a newly developed yarn pullout test alongside the standard T-peel test provides unique insights into the interfacial behavior of laminates. The results show that in lower areal density fabrics (36 g/m2 and 60 g/m2), adhesive quantity minimally affects the pullout and T-peel forces or tear strength, indicating that structural integrity can be maintained with reduced adhesive application. In contrast, higher areal density fabrics (140 g/m2 and 170 g/m2) benefit from an increased adhesive ratio, with a transition from 1:0.5 to 1:1 significantly enhancing the pullout resistance, while further increases to 1:1.5 yielded diminishing returns. Tensile strength remained consistent across all samples, highlighting that it is largely dictated by the inherent properties of the fibers and fabric structure rather than the adhesive. This study concludes that a 1:1 fiber-to-adhesive ratio offers an optimal balance of adhesion quality and mechanical performance for FRLs. By addressing the understudied impact of adhesive quantity on FRLs and introducing the yarn pullout test, this research provides novel and practical guidelines for optimizing FRLs in applications demanding high structural integrity and adaptability under challenging conditions.
Exploring the Impact of Nanoclay on Epoxy Nanocomposites: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shelly Daksh , Singhal Varun , Singh Surinder , Nanda Tarun , Mehta Rajeev , Lee Seul-Yi , Park Soo-Jin
Published: December 2024

This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the current research landscape surrounding nanoclay-reinforced epoxy composites. A primary challenge in developing these nanocomposites is the hydrophilic nature of pristine clay, which hinders its dispersion within the epoxy matrix. To address this issue, organic modifiers are frequently employed to enhance clay compatibility and facilitate effective incorporation into the nanocomposite structure. The unique properties of nanoclay make it a particularly attractive reinforcement material. The performance of nanoclay/epoxy nanocomposites is largely determined by their morphology, which is influenced by various factors including processing methods, clay types, modifiers, and curing agents. A thorough understanding and control of these parameters are essential for optimizing nanocomposite performance. These advanced materials find extensive applications across multiple industries, including aerospace, defense, anti-corrosive coatings, automotive, and packaging. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the processing techniques, mechanical properties, barrier capabilities, and thermal characteristics of nanoclay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. Additionally, it explores their diverse industrial applications, providing a holistic view of their potential and current use. By examining the multifaceted landscape of epoxy/clay nanocomposites, this review illuminates the intricate relationships between fabrication methods, resulting properties, and potential industrial applications. It serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to advance the development and application of these innovative materials.
The Wettability and High-Temperature Properties of Porous BN/Si3N4 Ceramics Bonded with SiTi22 Filler
Authors: Zhuang Yanli , Cheng Hao , Wang Xiao , Dong Limin , Lin Panpan , Lin Tiesong , He Peng , Li Dan , Jin Xinxin , Li Jian
Published: December 2024

The wettability and high-temperature mechanical properties of porous BN/Si3N4 ceramics brazed with SiTi22 (wt. %) filler were studied. It is manifested that SiTi22 filler presents remarkable wetting and spreading capabilities on the porous BN/Si3N4 ceramic surface. An interfacial reaction layer is generated at the interface, and the thickness of the reaction layer initially grows and subsequently remains constant with the escalation of temperature. Carbon coating modification is beneficial to the wettability and high-temperature mechanical properties of porous BN/Si3N4 ceramics. The wetting driving force is mainly controlled by the interfacial reaction at the three-phase line of the wetting front. The mechanical properties of the carbon-coated joints are significantly enhanced in comparison with uncoated joints. The joint strength attains a maximum value of roughly 73 MPa in the shear test implemented at 800 °C. The strength of the joint is significantly enhanced mainly due to the TiN0.7C0.3 particles that consume energy by changing the crack propagation direction, and the SiC nanowires strengthen the connection by bridging.
Industrial Land Protection and Allocation Efficiency: Evidence from Guangdong, China
Authors: Lin Jie , Li Xin , Shen Jianfu
Published: December 2024

Industrial land allocation in China has been distorted for a long time by local governments providing land at a low price to attract manufacturing activities. This study explores whether an industrial land protection policy can reduce the distortions and, hence, improve land allocation efficiency in China. Using industrial land zoning and protection policies adopted in some cities in Guangdong province, this study finds that industrial land allocation efficiency is indeed improved after the implementation of protection policies, reflected in higher land prices and greater land use intensity. However, the improvement is smaller for industrial land provided to advanced manufacturing industries, indicating that local governments continue to rely on a strategy of offering cheap land to compete for high-end manufacturing activities. Further analysis suggests that the adoption of industrial land protection in one region generates a positive spillover effect on industrial land allocation efficiency in neighboring regions. Overall, this study provides new evidence on the effectiveness of industrial land protection.
Global Migration Law in Tunisia: The Potential of the Global Compact for Migration to Support the Ratification of the United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers Rights
Authors: Arbaoui Younous , Semaoui Amina
Published: December 2024

While Tunisia endorsed the non-binding Global Compact for Migration (GCM), it has not yet ratified the binding International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICRMW). In view of the overlap and convergence between both instruments and the fact that soft and hard law interact through cross-fertilisation processes, with the result that the boundaries between both become blurred, this article examines the potential of the GCM to reinforce the legal standing of the ICRMW in Tunisia and to pave the way for the attenuation of the obstacles to its ratification. Based on policy documents, interviews and secondary sources, we first conclude that the Compact has a considerable potential to promote the Convention as it created a political dialogue in which the Convention gained attention and visibility. Crucially, the implementation of Objective 6(a) GCM, calling for ratification of international labour instruments, appears to be the first step towards ratification as it resulted in a governmental decision to re-consider the ratification of the ICRMW. Secondly, on the basis of comparative legal analysis, we conclude that reading the ICRMW’s provisions through the lens of corresponding GCM Objectives attenuates the obstacles to ratification of the ICRMW. Our findings exemplify the well-established influential function of soft law as a catalyst supporting hard law by reinforcing its legal standing and by providing an impetus for its endorsement. Both analysis and conclusions are not only relevant for the Tunisian case but also for all other countries that endorsed the GCM but have yet to ratify the ICRMW.
Long Short-Term Memory Networks for the Automated Identification of the Stationary Phase in Tribological Experiments
Authors: Zhao Yuxiao , Lin Leyu , Schlarb Alois K.
Published: December 2024

This study outlines the development and optimization of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network designed to analyze and classify time-series data from tribological experiments, with a particular emphasis on identifying stationary phases. The process of fine-tuning key hyperparameters was systematically optimized through Bayesian optimization, coupled with K-fold cross-validation to minimize the inherent randomness associated with training neural networks. The refined LSTM network achieved a weighted average accuracy of 84%, demonstrating a high level of agreement between the network’s identified stationary phases and those manually determined by researchers. This result suggests that LSTM networks can reliably mimic manual identification processes in tribological data, providing a promising avenue for automating data analysis. The study underscores the potential of neural networks to transcend their traditional role in predictive modeling within tribology, opening up new possibilities for their application across a broader spectrum of tasks within the field.
Yb3+-Doped Titanate–Germanate Glasses for Near-IR Luminescence Applications: Synthesis, Characterization, and the Influence of TiO2 Concentration
Authors: Kowalska Karolina , Pisarska Joanna , Pisarski Wojciech A.
Published: December 2024

In the framework of luminescent rare-earth-doped glasses for near-infrared applications, TiO2-containing inorganic glasses have been recently demonstrated to be a promising alternative to commercially used high-phonon SiO2-based glasses. This study investigates the effect of TiO2 concentration on the near-infrared spectroscopic properties of Yb3+ ions in multicomponent titanate–germanate glasses. A series of glass samples in the xTiO2-(60−x)GeO2-BaO-Ga2O3-Yb2O3 system (x ranging from 0 to 50 mol%) were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the fully amorphous nature of the fabricated titanate–germanate samples. Fundamental spectroscopic properties of Yb3+-doped titanate–germanate system consisting of absorption spectra, near-IR emission spectra, and luminescence decay curves have been determined based on measurement using optical spectroscopy. The intensity of the emission band at 1 µm due to the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 laser transition of Yb3+ ions increases by over 2.3-fold (TiO2 as the network former) compared to a barium gallo-germanate sample without TiO2. Our previous studies indicate that Yb3+-doped titanate–germanate glass is a promising optical material and could be successfully applied to laser technology.
Wear Behavior and Water Sorption of Additively Manufactured Resin-Based Splint Materials
Authors: Wulff Johann , Merle Cordula Leonie , Hahnel Sebastian , Rosentritt Martin
Published: December 2024

3D printing as an additive manufacturing method has proven to be of great interest for the computerized production of oral splints. Various parameters must be taken into consideration when assessing the durability of oral splints in a wet environment, such as the mouth. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the wear behavior and water sorption of two 3D-printed splint materials depending on their building orientation and post-processing parameters. The parameters considered included the type of post-polymerization and the type of cleaning utilized after printing. The average wear depth was between −421.8 μm and −667.5 μm. A significant influence of the building orientation (p < 0.001) but not of the material (p = 0.810), cleaning (p = 0.933), or post-polymerization (p = 0.237) on wear was demonstrated. The water sorption ranged between 13.8 μg/mm3 and 30.3 μg/mm3, featuring a significant dependency on material and building orientation but not on cleaning (p = 0.826) or post-polymerization (p = 0.343). Material and fabrication methods should be carefully selected, because the type of material and building orientation affect the wear and water sorption of additively manufactured splint materials.
Visualising Geopolymerisation Processes Using Scanning X-Ray Diffraction and Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: van Riessen Grant A. , Hinsley Gerard N. , Kewish Cameron M. , van Riessen Arie
Published: December 2024

In situ observation of the dissolution of metakaolin followed by the condensation of geopolymer was performed by a combination of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy and scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy. New insight into the complex geopolymerisation process was obtained by simultaneously acquiring compositional and morphological information. The combination of selected alkali and experimental conditions produced a geopolymer with the targeted composition but resulted in the complete and rapid dissolution of metakaolin followed by immediate geopolymer formation. The geopolymer microstructure continued to evolve, along with pore growth, over several hours.
Photovoltaic Cells and Scintillators Towards Carbon Footprint Reduction: Advantages and Challenges for Ecological Safety
Authors: Iwan Agnieszka , Bogdanowicz Krzysztof A. , Pich Robert , Gonciarz Agnieszka , Pellowski Witalis , Miedziak Jacek , Przybyl Wojciech
Published: December 2024

The main goal of this review paper is to show the advantages and challenges of photovoltaic cells/modules/panels and scintillators towards carbon footprint reduction for ecological safety. Briefly, the various types of solar-driven CO2 conversion processes are shown as a new concept of CO2 reduction. The health toxicity and environmental effects of scintillators, along with risks associated with use and disposal, are presented, taking into consideration inorganic and organic materials. Factors affecting the durability and lifespan of scintillators and the carbon footprint of solar cell production are analysed, considering CO2 emission. Moreover, the technology of recycling photovoltaic modules and scintillators, along with a SWOT analysis of scintillation material toxicity, is presented to find the best solutions for clean technology and ecological safety. Finally, we offer recommendations for the areas where the most significant reductions in CO2 emissions are expected to be implemented in the future of green energy in industry, including ESG strategies.
Evaluating the Impact of Sample Irregularities on the Dynamic Stiffness of Polyurethane: Insights from Experimental and FEM Analysis
Authors: Nering Krzysztof , Kwiecień Arkadiusz , Nering Konrad
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the dynamic stiffness and damping characteristics of three polyurethane materials—PM, PS, and PST—using a comprehensive vibroacoustic testing approach. The aim is to examine material parameters such as dynamic stiffness, Young’s modulus, critical damping factor, and the influence of sample irregularities on the accuracy of measurements. The study employs both experimental testing, in which cuboidal and cylindrical polyurethane samples were subjected to sinusoidal excitation, and finite element modeling (FEM) to simulate the test conditions in sample without irregularities. Results indicate that sample contact surface irregularities (even as low as ~0.04 mm) significantly impact the measured dynamic stiffness, with the effect intensifying for materials with higher Young’s modulus values (above 5 MPa). Furthermore, cylindrical samples demonstrated more stable and repeatable measurements compared to cuboidal samples, where surface irregularities were tested in a more controlled environment. The findings underscore the need to consider sample geometry and irregularities in dynamic stiffness assessments to ensure better material evaluations. This work contributes valuable insights for the accurate modeling and testing of materials used in vibration isolation and sound insulation contexts.
The Role of the Bactericidal Mechanism of Copper Elements and Its Effect on the Corrosion Resistance of Steel
Authors: Xue Yunsheng , Ding Cheng , Gong Li , Teng Yingxue , Guo Jing , Chen Shanshan
Published: December 2024

In this paper, two kinds of copper-containing steels with copper contents of 2.31 and 6.01 wt.% were designed. By comparing with commercial Q355, the bactericidal properties of copper in seawater containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and its influence on the corrosion process of steel were revealed. The corrosion rate, morphology of products, and bactericidal action of copper were tracked by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, confocal microscopy, and electrochemical analysis techniques. It was found that the resistance of copper-containing steel to bacterial corrosion was obviously better than that of non-copper-containing steel. At 28 days, the weight loss rates in the SRB environment for 0Ni2Cu6 samples increased by merely 5.43%, which was nearly half that of Q355 of 9.75%. Cu-containing steels exhibited potent antibacterial action, with the ε-Cu phase altering the corrosion byproduct composition from brittle flakes to robust particles and inhibiting the production of H2S. The killed bacteria adhered to the surface of the steel and slowed down the corrosion of the steel. The confocal laser scanning microscope and electrochemical experiments showed that a dense CuFeO4 film formed on the substrate, impeding corrosive ion penetration, and an upsurge in Cu content markedly enhanced the material’s anti-corrosion and antimicrobial attributes.
Recent Advances of the Zebrafish Model in the Discovery of Marine Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Liu Changyu , Li Jiaxun , Wang Dexu , Liu Jibin , Liu Kechun , Li Peihai , Zhang Yun
Published: December 2024

Marine natural products are increasingly utilized in nutrition, cosmetics, and medicine, garnering significant attention from researchers globally. With the expansion of marine resource exploration in recent years, the demand for marine natural products has risen, necessitating rapid and cost-effective activity evaluations using model organisms. Zebrafish, a valuable vertebrate model, has become an efficient tool for screening and identifying safe, active molecules from marine natural products. This review, based on nearly 10 years of literature, summarizes the current status and progress of zebrafish models in evaluating marine natural product bioactivity. It also highlights their potential in exploring marine resources with health benefits, offering a reference for the future development and utilization of marine biological resources.
Sea Anemone Kunitz Peptide HCIQ2c1: Structure, Modulation of TRPA1 Channel, and Suppression of Nociceptive Reaction In Vivo
Authors: Kvetkina Aleksandra N. , Oreshkov Sergey D. , Mironov Pavel A. , Zaigraev Maxim M. , Klimovich Anna A. , Deriavko Yulia V. , Menshov Aleksandr S. , Kulbatskii Dmitrii S. , Logashina Yulia A. , Andreev Yaroslav A. , Chugunov Anton O. , Kirpichnikov Mikhail P. , Lyukmanova Ekaterina N. , Leychenko Elena V. , Shenkarev Zakhar O.
Published: December 2024

TRPA1 is a homotetrameric non-selective calcium-permeable channel. It contributes to chemical and temperature sensitivity, acute pain sensation, and development of inflammation. HCIQ2c1 is a peptide from the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica that inhibits serine proteases. Here, we showed that HCIQ2c1 significantly reduces AITC- and capsaicin-induced pain and inflammation in mice. Electrophysiology recordings in Xenopus oocytes expressing rat TRPA1 channel revealed that HCIQ2c1 binds to open TRPA1 and prevents its transition to closed and inhibitor-insensitive ‘hyperactivated’ states. NMR study of the 15N-labeled recombinant HCIQ2c1 analog described a classical Kunitz-type structure and revealed two dynamic hot-spots (loops responsible for protease binding and regions near the N- and C-termini) that exhibit simultaneous mobility on two timescales (ps–ns and μs–ms). In modelled HCIQ2c1/TRPA1 complex, the peptide interacts simultaneously with one voltage-sensing-like domain and two pore domain fragments from different channel’s subunits, and with lipid molecules. The model explains stabilization of the channel in the open conformation and the restriction of ‘hyperactivation’, which are probably responsible for the observed analgetic activity. HCIQ2c1 is the third peptide ligand of TRPA1 from sea anemones and the first Kunitz-type ligand of this channel. HCIQ2c1 is a prototype of efficient analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Pectiniferosides A–J: Diversified Glycosides of Polyhydroxy Steroids Isolated from the Sea Star Patiria (=Asterina) pectinifera
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Lu Zhen , Wang Derui , Yan Zhi , Sun Xueting , Li Xiaodong , Yin Xiuli , Wang Song , Li Ke
Published: December 2024

To optimize the utilization of the sea star Patiria (=Asterina) pectinifera, which has demonstrated potential pharmaceutical properties in Chinese folk medicine, ten glycosides of polyhydroxy steroids, pectiniferosides A–J (1–10), were isolated and characterized. These compounds possess 3β, 6α, 8, 15α (or β), 16β-pentahydroxycholestane aglycones with sulfated and (or) methylated monosaccharides. The chemical structures of 1–10 were determined using NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS. The discovery of saponins with multiple substitution patterns in sea stars exemplified the molecular diversity of secondary metabolites in marine echinoderms. These compounds exhibited no embryotoxicity or teratogenicity at a concentration of 100 μM in a bioassay with marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos, implying that these compounds may not be ecologically toxic to marine fish embryos. In addition, none of the compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines at 40 μM or anti-inflammatory activities at 50 μM, suggesting their potential for further structural optimization to enhance bioactivity. The research on the constituents of P. pectinifera provides a potential foundation for drug development and marine ecotoxicology.
Role of DHA in a Physicochemical Study of a Model Membrane of Grey Matter
Authors: Cuenca Victor E. , Pedroni Viviana I. , Morini Marcela A.
Published: December 2024

The present study investigates a multicomponent lipid system that simulates the neuronal grey matter membrane, employing molecular acoustics as a precise, straightforward, and cost-effective methodology. Given the significance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the functionality of cellular membranes, this research examines the effects of reducing 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoylphosphatylcholine (PDPC) content on the compressibility and elasticity of the proposed membrane under physiological conditions. Our results align with bibliographic data obtained through other techniques, showing that as the proportion of PDPC increases in the grey matter membrane model, the system’s compressibility decreases, and the membrane’s elasticity increases, as evidenced by the reduction in the bulk modulus. These results could be interpreted in light of the emerging model of lipid rafts, in which esterified DHA infiltrates and remodels their architecture. We contend that the results obtained may serve as a bridge between biophysics and cellular biology.
Target Bioconjugation of Protein Through Chemical, Molecular Dynamics, and Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Authors: Abbas Sk Jahir , Yesmin Sabina , Vittala Sandeepa K. , Sepay Nayim , Xia Fangfang , Ali Sk Imran , Chang Wei-Chun , Hung Yao-Ching , Ma Wen-Lung
Published: December 2024

Covalent modification of proteins at specific, predetermined sites is essential for advancing biological and biopharmaceutical applications. Site-selective labeling techniques for protein modification allow us to effectively track biological function, intracellular dynamics, and localization. Despite numerous reports on modifying target proteins with functional chemical probes, unique organic reactions that achieve site-selective integration without compromising native functional properties remain a significant challenge. In this review, we delve into site-selective protein modification using synthetic probes, highlighting both chemical and computational methodologies for chemo- and regioselective modifications of naturally occurring amino acids, as well as proximity-driven protein-selective chemical modifications. We also underline recent traceless affinity labeling strategies that involve exchange/cleavage reactions and catalyst tethering modifications. The rapid development of computational infrastructure and methods has made the bioconjugation of proteins more accessible, enabling precise predictions of structural changes due to protein modifications. Hence, we discuss bioconjugational computational approaches, including molecular dynamics and artificial intelligence, underscoring their potential applications in enhancing our understanding of cellular biology and addressing current challenges in the field.
Unraveling Ruminant Feed Efficiency Through Metabolomics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nunes Alanne T. , Faleiros Camila A. , Poleti Mirele D. , Novais Francisco J. , López-Hernández Yamilé , Mandal Rupasri , Wishart David S. , Fukumasu Heidge
Published: December 2024

Background: Advancements in metabolomic technologies have revolutionized our understanding of feed efficiency (FE) in livestock, offering new pathways to enhance both profitability and sustainability in ruminant production. Methods: This review offers a critical and systematic evaluation of the metabolomics methods used to measure and assess FE in ruminants. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, covering publications from 1971 to 2023. This review synthesizes findings from 71 studies that applied metabolomic approaches to uncover the biological mechanisms driving interindividual variations in FE across cattle, sheep, goats, and buffaloes. Results: Most studies focused on cattle and employed targeted metabolomics to identify key biomarkers, including amino acids, fatty acids, and other metabolites linked to critical pathways such as energy metabolism, nitrogen utilization, and muscle development. Despite promising insights, challenges remain, including small sample sizes, methodological inconsistencies, and a lack of validation studies, particularly for non-cattle species. Conclusions: By leveraging state-of-the-art metabolomic methods, this review highlights the potential of metabolomics to provide cost-effective, non-invasive molecular markers for FE evaluation, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable livestock management. Future research should prioritize larger, species-specific studies with standardized methods to validate identified biomarkers and enhance practical applications in livestock production systems.
Impact of β-Carotene Enrichment on Carotenoid Composition and Gene Expression in Artemia Metanauplii
Authors: Wang Weilong , Ma Zhuojun , Li Weiquan , Xue Yucai , Moss Amina S. , Wu Meiqin
Published: December 2024

Background: Carotenoids play essential nutritional and physiological roles in aquatic animals. Since aquatic species cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, they must obtain these compounds from their diet to meet the physiological and adaptive requirements needed in specific aquaculture stages and conditions. Carotenoid supplementation in Artemia represents a promising strategy to enhance pigmentation, health, and growth in aquaculture species, particularly in larvae and other early developmental stages. Methods: In this study, a β-carotene enrichment process was applied to Artemia metanauplii to investigate the biological fate and potential effects of β-carotene. Results: The results indicated significant β-carotene uptake by Artemia, with peak levels observed at 12 h. Alongside β-carotene, two xanthophylls—canthaxanthin and echinenone—were detected in Artemia, each exhibiting distinct patterns during the enrichment and subsequent depletion phases. The transcriptome analysis identified 2705 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), offering valuable insights into gene functions associated with carotenoid absorption, metabolism, and antioxidant mechanisms. The findings suggest that β-carotene enrichment enhances metabolic activity and energy pathways, supporting the physiological functions of Artemia. Notably, unlike other crustaceans, Artemia lack certain enzymes necessary for converting β-carotene into astaxanthin, restricting them to producing keto-carotenoids like canthaxanthin. Furthermore, the study highlights the upregulation of genes encoding lipid transport proteins, such as CD36 and ABC transporters, which may contribute to carotenoid absorption in Artemia. Additional functional insights are provided by the gene BCO2, which regulates pigmentation by preventing excessive carotenoid accumulation, along with ketolase and hydroxylase enzymes in carotenoid metabolic pathways. Conclusions: This research advances our understanding of carotenoid metabolism in crustaceans, with potential implications for aquaculture nutrition and feed formulation.
The Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Mouse Models Infected with Clostridioides difficile from the Perspective of Metabolic Profiling: A Systematic Review
Authors: Voziki Anna , Deda Olga , Kachrimanidou Melania
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in mouse models using a metabolomics-based approach. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) from 10 April 2024 to 17 June 2024. Out of the 460 research studies reviewed and subjected to exclusion criteria, only 5 studies met all the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results: These studies consistently showed that FMT effectively restored gut microbiota and altered metabolic profiles, particularly increasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids, which inhibited C. difficile growth. FMT proved superior to antibiotic and probiotic treatments in re-establishing a healthy gut microbiome, as evidenced by significant changes in the amino acid and carbohydrate levels. Despite its promise, variability in the outcomes—due to factors such as immune status, treatment protocols, and donor microbiome differences—underscores the need for standardization. Rather than pursuing immediate standardization, the documentation of factors such as donor and recipient microbiome profiles, preparation methods, and administration details could help identify optimal configurations for specific contexts and patient needs. In all the studies, FMT was successful in restoring the metabolic profile in mice. Conclusions: These findings align with the clinical data from CDI patients, suggesting that FMT holds potential as a therapeutic strategy for gut health restoration and CDI management. Further studies could pave the way for adoption in clinical practice.
Quantitative Description of Size and Mass Distribution of Polymetallic Nodules in Northwest Pacific Ocean Basin
Authors: Deng Junlan , Wang Xueming , Wang Hongyi , Cao Huade , Xia Jianxin
Published: December 2024

Metals in deep-sea polymetallic nodules are indispensable for battery production and play a crucial role in facilitating the socio-economic green transition. A three-dimensional laser scanning model of nodules in the northwest Pacific Ocean has yielded an amount of data on volume, shape, and particle size. To deeply mine the correlation between the characteristics of the nodules, a joint probability density function (JPDF) based on copula theory is used. A univariate probability density function (PDF) linked to the particle size, burred depth, shape factor, and mass of the ores is established. The trend of nodule density with particle size is analyzed. Then, bivariate joint distribution using the copula method is constructed for mass and particle size. Furthermore, trivariate joint distribution using the copula method for nodule mass, particle size, and shape factor is derived. The results of this paper provide data to support the resource assessment of polymetallic nodules and optimize the design of mining systems.
Petrogenesis and Metallogenic Significance of the Demingding Mo-Cu Porphyry Deposit in the Gangdese Belt, Xizang: Insights from U-Pb and Re-Os Geochronology and Geochemistry
Authors: Shi Sudong , Chen Shuyuan , Luo Sangjiancuo , Ren Huan , Jiang Xiaojia
Published: December 2024

The 1500 km-long Gangdese magmatic belt is a crucial region for copper polymetallic mineralization, offering valuable insights into collisional porphyry copper systems. This study focuses on the Demingding deposit, a newly identified occurrence of molybdenum–copper (Mo-Cu) mineralization within the eastern segment of the belt. While the mineralization age, magmatic characteristics, and tectonic context are still under investigation, we examine the deposit’s petrology, zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock chemistry, and Re-Os isotopic data. The Demingding deposit exhibits a typical alteration zoning, transitioning from an inner potassic zone to an outer propylitic zone, which is significantly overprinted by phyllic alteration closely associated with Mo and Cu mineralization. Zircon U-Pb dating of the ore-forming monzogranite porphyries reveals crystallization ages ranging from 21 to 19 Ma, which is indistinguishable within error from the mean Re-Os age of 21.3 ± 0.4 Ma for Mo veins and veinlets hosted by these porphyries. This alignment suggests a late Miocene magmatic event characterized by Mo-dominated mineralization, coinciding with the continuous thickening of the continental crust during the collision of the Indian and Asian continents. The ore-forming porphyries range in composition from granodiorite to monzogranite and are classified as high-K calc-alkaline with adakite-like features, primarily resulting from the partial melting of subduction-modified thickened mafic lower crust. Notably, the ore-forming porphyries exhibit higher fO2 and H2O levels than barren porphyries in this area during crustal thickening, highlighting the significant contributions of hydrous and oxidized fluids from their source to the Mo-Cu mineralization process. Regional data indicate that the Gangdese porphyry metallogenic belt experienced concentrated Cu-Mo mineralization between 17 and 13 Ma. The formation of Mo-dominated deposits such as Demingding and Tangbula in the eastern segment of the belt, with slightly older ages around 20 Ma, underscores the presence of a significant porphyry Mo metallogenic event during this critical post-collision mineralization period.