bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise comparativa dos efeitos do uso de cigarro eletrônico e cigarro convencional nos sistemas cardiovascular e respiratório
Authors: Cavalcanti João Victor Correia , Barros Pedro Henrique Padilha , Santana João Pedro Nogueira , Tôrres Samuel Gueiros Behar , Ferreira Vitor Mendes
Published: July 2023

O tabagismo é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, causando expressivos números de morbidade e mortalidade, estando associado a diversas doenças que acometem tanto o sistema cardiovascular como o respiratório. Desse modo, o marketing de alternativas supostamente mais saudáveis ao tabagismo disparou nos últimos anos, mais especificamente com o advento dos cigarros eletrônicos desde a primeira década do século XXI, também chamados sistemas eletrônicos de liberação de nicotina. Entretanto, é extremamente questionável até que ponto essas alternativas tecnológicas são realmente mais saudáveis que qualquer outra droga baseada em nicotina. Dessa forma, o presente estudo, tem como objetivo analisar e comparar as respostas cardiovasculares e respiratórias após o uso de cigarro eletrônico e cigarro convencional e identificar a possibilidade de afirmar que um dos dispositivos é menos prejudicial à saúde do que o outro. O desenvolvimento desta revisão bibliográfica foi realizado por meio de um levantamento de testes clínicos na base de dados PubMED. Os resultados sugerem que há diferenças no efeito fisiológico de cada tipo de dispositivo, mas ao mesmo tempo evidencia a necessidade de realização de mais ensaios clínicos e estudos para analisar e confirmar os seus efeitos a médio e longo prazo.
Two-stage treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion: case report
Authors: Macedo Thiara Guimarães , Souza Ricardo Alves de , Barbosa Marcelo de Castellucci e , Dourado Gregório Bonfim , Almeida Marcio Rodrigues de , Conti Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira
Published: July 2023

Objective: class II malocclusion is one of the most frequent problems in orthodontics and is characterized by maxillary prognathism, mandibular retrognathism, or both. The aim of this study is to report the case of a patient with Angle Class I and Skeletal Class II malocclusion in the growth phase treated in two phases with AEB and orthodontic mini-implant. Case report: female patient, 9 years old, reported an accentuated projection of the anterior teeth. She had the habit of interposing the lower lip, dolichofacial pattern, Angle Class I molars, and great projection of the upper incisors. In the first phase was used AEB, and in the second phase an interradicular mini screw with sliding jig to finalize Class II correction on the left side. Conclusion: it’s evident the benefits of first orthopedic/functional phase in overbite correction and success of the proposed treatment through the stability after 4 years of case management.
Toxina botulínica: Intercorrências e complicações na aplicação
Authors: Faria Andrea Rodrigues de , Suguihara Roberto Teruo , Muknicka Daniella Pilon
Published: July 2023

A busca pela beleza e o rejuvenescimento tem se tornado um assunto amplamente discutido na sociedade atual, tanto por mulheres quanto por homens. Nesse contexto, o tratamento com toxina botulínica tem ganhado destaque na estética devido à sua durabilidade e baixa ocorrência de efeitos colaterais. A toxina botulínica, uma neurotoxina produzida por uma bactéria anaeróbica gram-positiva, apresenta sete sorotipos diferentes, sendo a toxina botulínica A a mais utilizada para fins estéticos. As rugas são resultado das contrações repetitivas de certos músculos, e a toxina botulínica A atua reduzindo a tensão muscular, sendo indicada para diversos procedimentos estéticos, como modelagem da sobrancelha e nariz, suavização de rugas dinâmicas na testa, levantamento dos cantos da boca e correção de assimetrias faciais. No entanto, é importante ressaltar que qualquer procedimento estético apresenta riscos, e é essencial que os profissionais possuam um amplo conhecimento anatômico, muscular e subcutâneo da face, além de habilidades manuais precisas. Embora seja considerado um procedimento relativamente simples e seguro, o uso da toxina botulínica requer cuidados adequados. Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar as intercorrências e complicações associadas à aplicação da toxina botulínica, visando fornecer orientações aos especialistas e promover um tratamento estético com o mínimo de eventos adversos.
STUDI RISET DAN PENGEMBANGAN APLUBA MOBILE APLIKASI PERAWATAN LUKA BAKAR PADA PASIEN
Authors: RIYA PRATIWI ELISA , APRIYANTO FRENGKI , SEDIAWAN MN LISAN
Published: July 2023

Kecanggihan teknologi kini turut mempengaruhi berbagai bidang, termasuk bidang kesehatan melalui penerapan teknologi informasi kesehatan. Luka bakar memiliki angka kejadian dan prevalensi yang tinggi. Pada artikel ini peneliti meneliti dan mengembangkan program serta menguji kelayakan perhitungan Rule Of Nines combustio dengan aplikasi yang akan membantu perawat dalam manajemen perawatan luka bakar dengan nama APLUBA Mobile. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Research & Development (R&D) serta validasi menggunakan indikator End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS). Penelitian dilakukan dengan melibatkan para ahli materi, ahli desain, dan mahasiswa STIKES Widyagama Husada Malang dan subjek uji coba adalah praktisi perawat RSUD Prof. dr. Soekandar Mojosari Kab. Mojokerto. Penentuan subjek dilakukan secara random sampling, terdiri dari 6 orang ahli materi dan ahli desain serta 27 mahasiswa, dan 29 praktisi perawat. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket untuk menilai kelayakan aplikasi yang dikembangkan dari segi desain, isi materi maupun tampilan APLUBA Mobile. Data dianalisis menggunakan descriptive statistics kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai jumlah dan rata-rata pada responden yaitu; 6 ahli materi dan desain dengan kategori “sangat baik” dengan skor rata-rata atau 25,86,  27 mahasiswa dengan skor rata-rata 117,13 kategori “sangat baik”, dan 29 perawat dengan rata-rata 115.13 dikategorikan “cukup baik”. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa uji coba APLUBA Mobile baik pada Institusi Pendidikan maupun Institusi Kesehatan termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik dan cukup baik. Dengan demikian, APLUBA Mobile layak digunakan di institusi pendidikan maupun kesehatan. Pengembangan lebih lanjut aplikasi ini dapat menambah proses penatalaksanaan dan cara perawatan luka, menambahkan bagian etiologi sehingga  bisa menampilkan  contoh dan dilengkapi gambar serta menambah versi bahasa Inggris.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU PERAWATAN DIRI KESEHATAN JIWA GENERASI Z SUKU LANI PAPUA
Authors: GUNTUS AHMAD , KOGOYA EMIN , ULFA MIFTAKHUL
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Mental health problems in Generation Z are currently increasing. The level of knowledge of Generation Z plays an important role in dealing with mental health problems. So this study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and mental health self-care behavior in generation Z of the Papuan Lani tribe. Method: This study uses a descriptive design and the approach is a survey. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 171 respondents. Measuring tools used in this study are the Knowledge Level questionnaire and The Mindful Self-Care Scale Questionnaire. This study was carried out in Malang City from October 2022-March 2023. Data processing used the IBM SPSS program. Results: a study of 171 respondents, 97 (56.7%) respondents had good mental health self-care behavior, 47 (27.5%) respondents had moderate mental health self-care behavior and 27 (15.8%) respondents had bad mental health self-care behavior. Conclusion: This study shows that generation Z has a pattern of good mental health self-care behavior, followed by moderate mental health self-care behavior and bad mental health self-care behavior.
An Overview of Performance Measurement for Demand Forecasting Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Robus Steffen , Walter Virág , Kőmüves Zsolt
Published: July 2023

Demand forecasting is an essential task to match supply and demand. From a supplier’s view, demand forecasting is important to optimize supply chains and thus maximize profits. The ever-increasing availability of data that can be used as input factors for predictive models allows more and more sophistication for diverse forecasting tasks in the context of demand forecasting. On the one hand, increasingly complex models have been used for demand forecasting over the last years, from simple exponential smoothing methods and ARIMA models up to complex, hybrid (deep) artificial neural networks. On the other hand, little attention is paid to the methods that evaluate the forecasting performance of these models, which are essential for the selection from among potential forecasting models. In this article, we aim to answer the question of what are the most favourable measurements in recent literature on applied neural network demand forecasting for supply chain management. To this end, we analyzed 193 relevant publications in which demand forecasting was applied using artificial neural networks. We found that in artificial neural network demand forecasting used to evaluate forecasting performance, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Squared Error and Mean Absolute Error are by far the most popular methods. Furthermore, we found that when forecasting performance measurements are combined, the most common combination is the combination of Mean Absolute Error, the Root Mean Squared Error and the Mean Absolute Error.
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN TATAP MUKA PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Elisa Mutia Nur , Witri Gustimal , Syahrilfuddin
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana pelaksanaan pembelajaran tatap muka di Sekolah Dasar pasca pandemi COVID-19. Selama dua tahun kebelakang siswa belajar secara online atau mandiri dirumah yang disebabkan oleh pandemi COVID-19. Sehingga pada saat pembelajaran tatap muka dilaksanakan kembali, siswa sulit untuk beradaptasi lagi dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran tatap muka disekolah. Kurangnya pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang diberikan oleh guru membuat guru mengalami kesulitan dalam proses mengajar. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan jenis pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran guru menggunakan beberapa tahapan seperti perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan juga penilaian. Dari ketiga tahapan ini guru sudah melaksanakan dengan baik. Pada pembelajaran tatap muka pasca pandemi ini guru harus lebih ekstra lagi karena terdapat beberapa siswa yang masih belum  memahami materi dengan baik, sikap siswa yang belum bisa mengontrol diri untuk tidak bermain dengan temannya karena dampak dari pembelajaran daring sebelumnya.
KAJIAN STRUKTURAL NOVEL SEPATU DAHLAN KARYA KRISNA PABICAHARA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Wulandesember Nanyk Sudarwati , Istiqomah Hanin Fathan Nurfina , Laili Ulya Nurul , Mutmainah Nurul
Published: July 2023

Novel Sepatu Dahlan karya Khrisna Pabichara merupakan salah satu novel populer yang ada di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian struktural unsur intrinsik dalam novel Sepatu Dahlan karya Khrisna Pabichara sebagai media pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMA. Terdapat 5 (lima) unsur intrinsik yang mendominasi diantaranya adalah tema, alur, latar, penokohan serta sudut pandang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menganalisis novel secara menyeluruh. Novel ini mengangkat kisah dari mimpi seorang anak yang mendambakan sepatu sejak kecil. Berbagai proses kehidupan tidak menyurutkan langkahnya agar memiliki sepasang sepatu. Terdapat 7 tokoh penting dari 34 tokoh yang dilibatkan dalam novel. Sosok Dahlan menjadi tokoh utama dalam rangkaian cerita. Hasil kajian struktural unsur intrinsik novel ini dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMA untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis unsur intrinsik novel. Selain itu, nilai-nilai kehidupan yang terkadung dapat diaplikasikan pada pembelajaran kehidupan sehari-hari
Public Health Policies and The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Performance: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Cu* Tung , Montoya Ginna Florez
Published: July 2023

Although the impact of COVID-19 on small businesses has been addressed in previous studies, there has been a significant gap in terms of sectoral and geographical focus. The purpose of this study is to understand the necessity of public health policies and the sectoral and geographical impact of COVID-19 on small business performance. To this end, the study applied a comparative case study method and collected secondary longitudinal data to get insights into the disparity between the sectoral and geographical impact of COVID-19 on small business performance. The results show that the severity and timing of impacts varied, in part due to different approaches to reopening and reclosing. While improvements were seen, businesses were still operating well below the pre-pandemic levels. The long-term recovery of these sectors will depend on the ongoing management of the pandemic and further policy measures, customizing on their sensitivity and adaptivity.
MANAJEMEN PERTUNJUKAN MUSIK SALBAI 34 PRO DI HOUSE OF SALBAI 34 VENUE
Authors: Syamsul Rizal  , Fitrandi Tubagus Achmad , Suhaya  , Hadiyatno
Published: July 2023

Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keunikan manajemen pertunjukan musik salbai 34 pro yang berasal dari sebuah perkumpulan non akademis manajemen maupun seni, namun mampu mengelola kegiatan pertunjukan musik sekelas artist baik dalam segi sumber daya manusia hingga equipment propertynya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui manajemen pertunjukan musik yang dikelola salbai 34 pro di house of salbai 34 venue dan tahapan pembuatan konsep pertunjukan musik di dalam manajemen pertunjukan salbai 34 pro. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, manajemen salbai 34 pro memiliki tiga ranah utama dalam pengelolaannya yaitu education, advertising and bussines, serta terdapat tahapan pembuatan konsep pertunjukan musik di dalam manajemen pertunjukan musik salbai 34 pro.

Kata Kunci: Manajemen Pertunjukan Musik, Salbai 34 pro

Abstract: This research is motivated by the uniqueness of Salbai 34 pro music performance management which comes from a non-academic management and arts association, but is able to manage artist-class music performances, both in terms of human resources and equipment property. The purpose of the study was to determine the management of musical performances managed by salbai 34 pro at the house of salbai 34 venues and the stages of making the concept of musical performances in the management of salbai 34 pro's performances. The methods used include qualitative research and a descriptive case study approach. Based on the results of the study, the management of salbai 34 pro has three main areas in its management, namely education, advertising and business, and there are stages of making the concept of musical performances in the management of musical performances of salbai 34 pro.

Keywords: Music Show Management, Salbai 34 pro
‘By her own mouth speaking’: Women's Authoritative Voices in Early Modern Wills and Testaments
Authors: Spence Cathryn
Published: July 2023

This article uses women's wills and testaments written in Scotland prior to 1600 to look for women's authoritative voices. Will-making was an activity open to everyone in early modern Scotland and, far from being solely formulaic, sixteenth-century wills and testaments were documents in which women could, and did, make specific wishes and bequests known, often quite explicitly. In doing so, these women used their knowledge of their legal rights, and responsibilities, to clearly articulate both the items that were theirs to bequeath, and to whom and how these items should be distributed. While there was a great deal about early modern will-making that was prescribed, this study shows that within this process there were also opportunities for individual voices to be recorded. Few documents were created in this period that allow women's voices to be heard, and even fewer survive. This article shows that wills and testaments of early modern Scotland are one source through which the desires and voices of women can be accessed. In doing so, it provides a key consideration of why, how, and to what ends women made bequests and how such actions give insight into their social and economic links, relationships, and responsibilities.
THE PREVALENCE OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AMONG MIDWIFERY STUDENTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LIFESTYLE
Authors: OFEI Priscilla Ampofoa , ALTINKAYA Sündüz Özlem
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its relationship with lifestyle among undergraduate midwifery students at Aydin Adnan Menderes University. 288 undergraduate female midwifery students were recruited for the study. While data on the anthropometric, socio-demographic, menstrual and lifestyle characteristics of the participants were collected by using data collection form, the premenstrual syndrome scale was utilised to determine the presence/absence of PMS in each participant. Student’s T test, Mann Whitney U test, Pearson’s Chi-square test, Chi-square test, Fisher's Exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis via Backward LR procedure were employed in comparing the groups with and without PMS and determining the best predicting factors for PMS. The prevalence of PMS among the participants was 51.3%. Additionally, whereas; fast-food consumption, taking vitamin /mineral supplements, poor income and expense balance, generally feeling stressed, irregular sleep and feeling pain during menstruation had a statistically significant positive relationship with PMS, consumption of white meat was found to be negatively related with PMS. A significant proportion of the study’s population suffered from PMS. Therefore, more attention from healthcare providers on the subject, the incorporation of PMS-related topics into educational curricula, social support and lifestyle modifications are recommended.
Analisis Waktu Performa Pengiriman Pada Sistem Peminjaman Inventaris Laboratorium berbasis IOT
Authors: Ihsania Tsabita , Yudha Adhitya Ryan , Khumaidi Agus , Hasin M. Khoirul , Sutrisno Imam
Published: July 2023

Laboratorium memiliki aset berupa alat praktikum dan penunjangnya yang dapat dipinjamkan kepada mahasiswa untuk keperluan operasional. Saat ini, teknisi laboratorium masih menggunakan pencatatan peminjaman alat laboratorium secara manual menggunakan buku kemudian akan diinput data tersebut ke program Microsoft Excel. Hal tersebut akan menimbulkan kurangnya efisiensi proses peminjaman dan lamanya proses pelaporan data. Oleh karena itu, solusi penanggulangan masalah tersebut yaitu membuat sistem peminjaman otomatis inventaris laboratorium menggunakan RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) yang terintegerasi dengan database menggunakan Website yang berfungsi menampilkan interface data peminjaman alat laboratorium sehingga proses peminjaman menjadi lebih efisien dan terstruktur. Sehingga pada penelitian waktu performa kecepatan pengiriman pada alat ini menghasilkan proses pemindaian RFID dapat dilakukan pada jarak 5-50mm dengan kecepatan penerimaan rata-rata 1,2 detik. Dan kecepatan akses website memiliki rata-rata 32 mili detik. Sedangkan kecepatan penerimaan data tag dari alat ke website memiliki rata-rata 3.73 detik. Waktu performa penerimaan pada sistem dipengaruhi oleh cepat atau lambatnya jaringan dan kemampuan device yang sedang digunakan.
Use of a beta-lactam graded challenge process for inpatients with self-reported penicillin allergies at an academic medical center
Authors: Sunagawa Shawnalyn W. , Bergman Scott J. , Kreikemeier Emily , Watkins Andrew B. , Alexander Bryan T. , Miller Molly M. , Schroeder Danny , Stohs Erica J. , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , May Sara M.
Published: July 2023

Background

The Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) at Nebraska Medicine collaborated with a board-certified allergist to develop a penicillin allergy guidance document for treating inpatients with self-reported allergy. This guidance contains an algorithm for evaluating and safely challenging penicillin-allergic patients with beta-lactams without inpatient allergy consults being available.

Methods

Following multi-disciplinary review, an order set for beta-lactam graded challenges (GC) was implemented in 2018. This contains recommended monitoring and detailed medication orders to challenge patients with various beta-lactam agents. Inpatient orders for GC from 3/2018–6/2022 were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate ordering characteristics, outcomes of the challenge, and whether documentation of the allergy history was updated. All beta-lactam challenges administered to inpatients were included, and descriptive statistics were performed.

Results

Overall, 157 GC were administered; 13 with oral amoxicillin and 144 with intravenous (IV) beta-lactams. Ceftriaxone accounted for the most challenges (43%). All oral challenges were recommended by an Infectious Diseases consult service, as were a majority of IV challenges (60%). Less than one in five were administered in an ICU (19%). Almost all (n = 150, 96%) were tolerated without any adverse event. There was one reaction (1%) of hives and six (4%) involving a rash, none of which had persistent effects. Allergy information was updated in the electronic health record after 92% of the challenges.

Conclusion

Both intravenous and oral beta-lactam graded challenges were implemented successfully in a hospital without a regular inpatient allergy consult service. They were well-tolerated, administered primarily in non-ICU settings, and were often ordered by non-specialist services. In patients with a self-reported penicillin allergy, these results demonstrate the utility and safety of a broadly adopted beta-lactam GC process.
Evaluation of raw and processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex using the quality marker analysis strategy by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Wang Wang , Shi Xuqin , Zhu Guoxue
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex is a necessary part of healthcare for its significant clinical efficacy. Raw and processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex is both documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015). After processing, the therapeutic effects are believed to differ according to traditional Chinese medicine theories. However, the chemical mechanism responsible for this processing, according to traditional Chinese medicine theories, is still not clear.

Methods: In this study, the therapeutic effects of various ions were examined based on traditional Chinese medicine theories by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), to comprehensively compare the differences between raw and processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex for the first time.

Results: A total of 48 compounds were screened, out and 10 of them simultaneously transformed with significant variation in processed products compared with raw materials. It was illustrated that the contents of berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine, menisperine, phellodendrine, tetrahydrojatrorrhizine, and tetrahydropalmatine decreased, while the compounds of berberrubine and fernloylquinic acid methyl ester newly appeared in processed herbs. This is likely to be related to the conversion of ingredients during processing.

Discussion: Altogether, the fact that quality markers have been successfully identified to differentiate processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex from raw materials suggests that this approach could be used for the investigation of chemical transformation mechanisms involved in the processing of herbal medicine.
Rare genetic variants involved in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a multicenter Brazilian cohort study
Authors: Reis Bárbara Carvalho Santos Dos , Soares Faccion Roberta , de Carvalho Flavia Amendola Anisio , Moore Daniella Campelo Batalha Cox , Zuma Maria Celia Chaves , Plaça Desirée Rodrigues , Salerno Filgueiras Igor , Leandro Mathias Fonseca Dennyson , Cabral-Marques Otavio , Bonomo Adriana Cesar , Savino Wilson , Freitas Flávia Cristina de Paula , Faoro Helisson , Passetti Fabio , Robaina Jaqueline Rodrigues , de Oliveira Felipe Rezende Caino , Novaes Bellinat Ana Paula , Zeitel Raquel de Seixas , Salú Margarida dos Santos , de Oliveira Mariana Barros Genuíno , Rodrigues-Santos Gustavo , Prata-Barbosa Arnaldo , Vasconcelos Zilton Farias Meira de
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Despite the existing data on the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), the factors that determine these patients evolution remain elusive. Answers may lie, at least in part, in genetics. It is currently under investigation that MIS-C patients may have an underlying innate error of immunity (IEI), whether of monogenic, digenic, or even oligogenic origin.

Methods

To further investigate this hypothesis, 30 patients with MIS-C were submitted to whole exome sequencing.

Results

Analyses of genes associated with MIS-C, MIS-A, severe covid-19, and Kawasaki disease identified twenty-nine patients with rare potentially damaging variants (50 variants were identified in 38 different genes), including those previously described in IFNA21 and IFIH1 genes, new variants in genes previously described in MIS-C patients (KMT2D, CFB, and PRF1), and variants in genes newly associated to MIS-C such as APOL1, TNFRSF13B, and G6PD. In addition, gene ontology enrichment pointed to the involvement of thirteen major pathways, including complement system, hematopoiesis, immune system development, and type II interferon signaling, that were not yet reported in MIS-C.

Discussion

These data strongly indicate that different gene families may favor MIS- C development. Larger cohort studies with healthy controls and other omics approaches, such as proteomics and RNAseq, will be precious to better understanding the disease dynamics.
Causal relationship between osteoarthritis with atrial fibrillation and coronary atherosclerosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry
Authors: Yin Meng , Xu Wenchang , Pang Jixiang , Xie Siwen , Xiang Mengting , Shi Bin , Fan Hua , Yu Gongchang
Published: July 2023

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with high prevalence. Some observational studies have shown that patients with osteoarthritis often have co-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary atherosclerosis (CA). However, there is still a lack of stronger evidence confirming the association between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we used a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study to investigate the relationship between OA with AF and CA.

Methods

OA data from the UK Biobank and arcOGEN (Arthritis Research UK Osteoarthritis Genetics, a study that aimed to find genetic determinants of osteoarthritis and elucidate the genetic architecture of the disease) integration were selected for the study (n = 417,596), AF data were obtained from six studies (n = 1,030,836), and coronary atherosclerosis data were derived from the FinnGen (n = 218,792). MR analysis was performed primarily using the Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, with MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode as supplements, sensitivity analysis was performed using Cochran Q statistic, and leave-one-out analysis.

Results

We found that OA and AF were positively associated [IVW: OR (95% CI): 1.11 (1.04, 1.19), P = 0.002], while OA and CA were negatively associated [IVW: OR (95% CI): 0.88 (0.79, 0.98), P = 0.02]. In the reverse MR analysis, no effect of AF on OA was found [IVW: OR (95% CI): 1.00 (0.97, 1.03), P = 0.84], meanwhile, CA and OA were found to be associated negatively [IVW: OR (95% CI): 0.95 (0.92, 0.99), P = 0.01]. No violations of MR assumptions were found in the sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

This research confirms that OA is a risk factor for AF, and there is a mutual protective factor between OA and CA. However, further studies are still necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Machine learning-based detection of cardiovascular disease using ECG signals: performance vs. complexity
Authors: Pham Huy , Egorov Konstantin , Kazakov Alexey , Budennyy Semen
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease remains a significant problem in modern society. Among non-invasive techniques, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most reliable methods for detecting cardiac abnormalities. However, ECG interpretation requires expert knowledge and it is time-consuming. Developing a novel method to detect the disease early improves the quality and efficiency of medical care.

Methods

The paper presents various modern approaches for classifying cardiac diseases from ECG recordings. The first approach suggests the Poincaré representation of ECG signal and deep-learning-based image classifiers. Additionally, the raw signals were processed with the one-dimensional convolutional model while the XGBoost model was facilitated to predict based on the time-series features.

Results

The Poincaré-based methods showed decent performance in predicting AF (atrial fibrillation) but not other types of arrhythmia. XGBoost model gave an acceptable performance in long-term data but had a long inference time due to highly-consuming calculations within the pre-processing phase. Finally, the 1D convolutional model, specifically the 1D ResNet, showed the best results in both studied CinC 2017 and CinC 2020 datasets, reaching the F1 score of 85% and 71%, respectively, and they were superior to the first-ranking solution of each challenge. The 1D models also presented high specificity. Additionally, our paper investigated efficiency metrics including power consumption and equivalent CO2 emissions, with one-dimensional models like 1D CNN and 1D ResNet being the most energy efficient. Model interpretation analysis showed that the DenseNet detected AF using heart rate variability while the 1D ResNet assessed the AF patterns in raw ECG signals.

Discussion

Despite the under-performed results, the Poincaré diagrams are still worth studying further because of the accessibility and inexpensive procedure. In the 1D convolutional models, the residual connections are useful to keep the model simple but not decrease the performance. Our approach in power measurement and model interpretation helped understand the numerical complexity and mechanism behind the model decision.
A toolbox to demystify probabilistic and statistical paradoxes
Authors: Kelter Riko , Schnurr Alexander , Spies Susanne
Published: July 2023

There is a variety of empirical evidence that the coverage of paradoxes in mathematics education helps to support thorough understanding of probabilistic and statistical concepts. However, existing literature often focuses on extensive analysis of a specific paradox, provides new perspectives or an analysis from a different angle. Often neglected aspects in this context are common features between different paradoxes and the fact, that the same situation might look paradoxical to different people for entirely different reasons. We develop a toolbox to demystify paradoxes in probability and statistics. Therefore, we first analyze in which steps of stochastic modeling one might be faced with a paradoxical situation. Secondly, we build on a representative selection of well-known paradoxes and isolate the techniques and methods which help to explain why people find the paradox surprising, identify the class of scenarios where the paradox may occur and make a choice between the seemingly contradictory conclusions. Thirdly, we present the toolbox, which helps to demystify various paradoxical situations. This helps teachers to chose appropriate problems and students to find the right method to resolve these problems. While the developed toolbox is not exhaustive, it helps to dissect the anatomy of probabilistic and statistical paradoxes.
The effect of investment and financing optimization policies for developing photovoltaic power generation in Cameroon; a dynamic CGE model assessment
Authors: Njoke Mbanda L. , Wu Zhongqun , Abudu Hermas
Published: July 2023

With less than a decade remaining until 2030, global investment in clean energy access falls short of the anticipated levels required to achieve the sustainable development goals. Notably, nations with the greatest gaps in electricity access, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa, have been largely excluded from energy access funding. Interestingly, the energy sector policy documents of these countries have neglected to incorporate financing strategies or plans for photovoltaic (PV) power generation. This discrepancy in the literature underscores the need to assess the economic impact of finance and investment policies that align with long-term PV power generation targets. To address this gap, our study employs a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium model to evaluate the macroeconomic consequences of achieving Cameroon’s Nationally Determined Contributions for PV power generation through optimized PV investment and finance. The model examines three policy scenarios: the Business-as-Usual, SC1 scenario involving a stable 100% increase in PV investment, and SC2 scenario featuring a stepwise 5%–100% increase in PV investment. By simulating these scenarios, we aim to shed light on their effects. The results reveal that SC1 and SC2 exhibit a 50% higher final demand for PV investment compared to the BAU scenario. Optimizing PV finance and investment in both scenarios leads to a slowdown in Cameroon’s economic growth, with SC1 showing a more pronounced impact. Additionally, SC2 encourages rapid decarbonization in energy-intensive sectors such as crude oil production and electricity generation industries. However, the SC1 policy scenario results in a rapid reduction in total investment expenditure for PV power generation. By 2035, PV power generation is projected to be three times higher in both SC1 and SC2 compared to the BAU scenario. The SC2 policy scenario also predicts relatively high levels of consumption among rural affluent and urban impoverished households. In conclusion, our study highlights the pressing need for enhanced investment and finance strategies to propel PV power generation, particularly in underserved regions. By leveraging the findings of this research, policymakers can make informed decisions and implement policies that promote sustainable and inclusive energy access, driving progress towards the fulfillment of SDGs.
Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Wang Kai , Gui Lin , Lu Haizhen , He Xiaohui , Li Dezhi , Liu Chang , Liu Shaoyan , Wang Xiaolei
Published: July 2023

Background

This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (LA-HNSCCs).

Methods

In this prospective, single-arm, single-centre clinical trial, patients meeting the inclusion criteria were treated with preoperative neoadjuvant therapy with 200 mg pembrolizumab combined with 75 mg/m2 cisplatin and 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel. This was followed by surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy. The primary endpoint was the postoperative pathological complete response (pCR) rate. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.

Results

A total of 22 patients were enrolled. The location of primary lesion showed: hypopharynx were 15 (68.2%), oropharynx were 6 (27.3%) and oral cavity was 1 (4.5%). The postoperative pCR rate, was 36.4% (8/22), and there was no delay to surgery due to adverse drug reactions. The rate of laryngeal function preservation was 90.9% (20/22). Delayed wound healing was the main surgical complication, with an incidence of 22.7% (5/22). The median follow-up time was 9.5 months, and only 1 patient (4.55%) suffered a regional recurrence.

Conclusion

Preoperative treatment with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in resectable LA-HNSCC has a high pCR rate with no significant impact on surgical safety. This treatment was found to increase the rate of laryngeal function preservation. However, the effects of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on long-term prognosis in LA-HNSCCs require further study.
Immune responses and disease biomarker long-term changes following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in a cohort of rheumatic disease patients
Authors: An Zesheng , Figueroa-Parra Gabriel , Zhou Xian , Li Yanfeng , Jaquith Jane , McCarthy-Fruin Kathleen , Sletten Jennifer , Warrington Kenneth J. , Weyand Cornelia , Crowson Cynthia S. , Chumsri Saranya , Knutson Keith L. , Sanchez-Rodriguez Alain , Thanarajasingam Uma , Duarte-García Alí , Zeng Hu
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The longitudinal responses towards multiple doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases remain incompletely understood. While observational studies suggested the safety of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in rheumatic disease patients, laboratory evidence is lacking.

Methods

Here we evaluated seroreactivity, clinical manifestions, and multiple disease biomarkers after 2 or 3 doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in a cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases.

Results

Most patients generated high SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific neutralizing antibodies comparable to those in healthy controls after 2 doses of mRNA vaccines. The antibody level declined over time but recovered after the third dose of the vaccine. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remained without significant flares post-vaccination. The changes in anti-dsDNA antibody concentration and expression of type I interferon (IFN) signature genes were highly variable but did not show consistent or significant increases. Frequency of double negative 2 (DN2) B cells remained largely stable.

Discussion

Our data provide experimental evidences indicating the efficacy and safety of repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in rheumatic disease patients.
Tissue factor as a potential coagulative/vascular marker in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Koudriavtseva Tatiana , Lorenzano Svetlana , Cellerino Maria , Truglio Mauro , Fiorelli Marco , Lapucci Caterina , D’Agosto Giovanna , Conti Laura , Stefanile Annunziata , Zannino Silvana , Filippi Maria Maddalena , Cortese Antonio , Piantadosi Carlo , Maschio Marta , Maialetti Andrea , Galiè Edvina , Salvetti Marco , Inglese Matilde
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Recent studies supported coagulation involvement in multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory-demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The main objectives of this observational study were to identify the most specific pro-coagulative/vascular factors for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and to correlate them with brain hemodynamic abnormalities.

Methods

We compared i) serum/plasma levels of complement(C)/coagulation/vascular factors, viral/microbiological assays, fat-soluble vitamins and lymphocyte count among people with multiple sclerosis sampled in a clinical remission (n=30; 23F/7M, 40 ± 8.14 years) or a relapse (n=30; 24F/6M, age 41 ± 10.74 years) and age/sex-matched controls (n=30; 23F/7M, 40 ± 8.38 years); ii) brain hemodynamic metrics at dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced 3T-MRI during relapse and remission, and iii) laboratory data with MRI perfusion metrics and clinical features of people with multiple sclerosis. Two models by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis were performed using two groups as input: (1) multiple sclerosis vs. controls, and (2) relapsing vs. remitting multiple sclerosis.

Results

Compared to controls, multiple sclerosis patients had a higher Body-Mass-Index, Protein-C and activated-C9; and a lower activated-C4. Levels of Tissue-Factor, Tie-2 and P-Selectin/CD62P were lower in relapse compared to remission and HC, whereas Angiopoietin-I was higher in relapsing vs. remitting multiple sclerosis. A lower number of total lymphocytes was found in relapsing multiple sclerosis vs. remitting multiple sclerosis and controls. Cerebral-Blood-Volume was lower in normal-appearing white matter and left caudatum while Cerebral-Blood-Flow was inferior in bilateral putamen in relapsing versus remitting multiple sclerosis. The mean-transit-time of gadolinium-enhancing lesions negatively correlated with Tissue-Factor. The top-5 discriminating variables for model (1) were: EBV-EBNA-1 IgG, Body-Mass-Index, Protein-C, activated-C4 and Tissue-Factor whereas for model (2) were: Tissue-Factor, Angiopoietin-I, MCHC, Vitamin A and T-CD3.

Conclusion

Tissue-factor was one of the top-5 variables in the models discriminating either multiple sclerosis from controls or multiple sclerosis relapse from remission and correlated with mean-transit-time of gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Tissue-factor appears a promising pro-coagulative/vascular biomarker and a possible therapeutic target in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04380220.
Seasonal and spatial comparisons of microzooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth in the Bohai Bay, China
Authors: Wen Yujian , Zhang Guodong , Song Yuyao , Zhang Guicheng , Sun Jun
Published: July 2023

The dilution experiment technique was used in two cruises in July-August (summer) and October-November (autumn) 2020, with a total of 14 stations. The grazing impact of microzooplankton on phytoplankton in the interior of Bohai Bay was comprehensively investigated. We compared phytoplankton growth rates (μ0) and microzooplankton grazing rates (m) spatially (distance between experimental stations and shore far vs. near) and seasonally (summer vs. autumn). Both m and μ0 values were significantly higher in summer than in autumn, and the phytoplankton growth rate μ0 was positively correlated to temperature. Offshore stations showed higher values. There is no significant spatial and seasonal differences in the ratio of microzooplankton grazing rate and phytoplankton growth rate (m/μ0) indicating that daily consumption of primary production by microzooplankton was similar in the two seasons. Therefore, our research showed a close coupling between microzooplankton grazing with phytoplankton growth in the Bohai Bay.
Diversity, metabolome profiling and bioactivities of benthic filamentous cyanobacteria isolated from coastal mangroves of Mayotte
Authors: Wang Huibin , Halary Sébastien , Duval Charlotte , Bernard Cécile , Troussellier Marc , Beniddir Mehdi A. , Brunel Jean-Michel , Castaldi Andrea , Caudal Flore , Golléty Claire , Martin Coralie , Bourguet-Kondracki Marie-Lise , Duperron Sébastien
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Cyanobacteria are important members of the dense biofilms that colonize available substrates in mangrove habitats worldwide. However, their taxonomic diversity and biological activities have received little attention.

Methods

The occurrence of cyanobacteria is evaluated in 27 biofilms collected from mangroves in Mayotte. Filamentous cyanobacterial strains were isolated and characterized using 16S rRNA comparative gene sequence analysis. LC-MS/MS experiments were performed on the crude extracts of the faster-growing strains, and construction of their molecular network showed a conspectus of their chemical diversity. Biological activities of the strain extracts were then evaluated using standard assays.

Results and discussion

Isolation procedures yielded 43 strains representing 22 species-level taxa, of which only three could be assigned to existing species. Some of these strains were among the most abundant cyanobacteria present in biofilms. PCR assays did not support the production of the major cyanotoxins. Analysis of metabolites from 23 strains using both in silico tools ISDB- DNP (In silico Data Base–Dictionary of Natural Products) and MolDiscovery, revealed occurrence of godavarin K, a limonoid natural product previously isolated from the seeds of an Indian mangrove tree. This annotation was further confirmed by the marine database MarinLit, suggesting that cyanobacteria might be an alternative source of godavarin K and its four isomers. While no significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were observed, some strains exhibited anthelmintic and antibiofilm activities that warrant further investigation and may be relevant to biofilm ecology. Mangrove biofilms thus appear to be an untapped reservoir of novel culturable cyanobacterial lineages, with bioactivities relevant to their biofilm lifestyle, which may be of interest for bioinspiration.
Comparative study of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging for the detection of bone metastases in prostate cancer
Authors: Hu Xiongjian , Cao Yiming , Ji Bin , Zhao Min , Wen Qiang , Chen Bin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficiency of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging for the detection of bone metastases in prostate cancer.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 patients with confirmed prostate cancer between September 2020 and September 2022 at China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University. All patients underwent 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging. The gold standard was the pathology or Best Valuable Comparator (BVC) result based on clinical follow-up. Diagnostic performance indicators, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), were analyzed at both the patient and lesion levels. The paired sample chi-square test was used to compare the two imaging methods. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each method. The AUC values were compared using the Z-test, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Of the 31 prostate cancer patients, 18 were diagnosed with bone metastases, with a total of 84 bone metastatic lesions. At the patient level, 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging showed superior diagnostic performance compared to 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging in all indicators: sensitivity (100% vs. 77.8%, p < 0.01), specificity (92.3% vs. 69.2%, p < 0.05), accuracy (96.8% vs. 74.2%, p < 0.01), PPV (94.7% vs. 77.8%, p < 0.01), and NPV (100% vs. 69.2%, p < 0.01). The AUC values for 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging were 0.962 and 0.735 (Z = 2.168, p < 0.05). At the lesion level, 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging showed superior diagnostic performance compared to 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging in all indicators: sensitivity (97.6% vs. 72.6%, p < 0.01), specificity (95.7% vs. 73.9%, p < 0.01), accuracy (97.2% vs. 72.9%, p < 0.01), PPV (98.8% vs. 91.0%, p < 0.01), and NPV (91.7% vs. 42.5%, p < 0.01). The AUC values for 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging were 0.966 and 0.733 (Z = 3.541, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Compared with 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging, 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging demonstrated higher diagnostic efficiency for bone metastases in prostate cancer, and it can more accurately determine the presence of bone metastases. It is an important supplement to imaging examination for prostate cancer patients and has great potential and broad application prospects.