bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass gaps of a
Z3
gauge theory with three fermion flavors in
1+1
dimensions
Authors: Florio Adrien , Weichselbaum Andreas , Valgushev Semeon , Pisarski Robert D.
Published: August 2024

We consider a Z3 gauge theory coupled to three degenerate massive flavors of fermions, which we term Quantum Z(3) Dynamics, QZD. The spectrum can be computed in 1+1 dimensions using tensor networks. In weak coupling the spectrum is that of the expected mesons and baryons, although the corrections in weak coupling are nontrivial, analogous to those of nonrelativistic QED in 1+1 dimensions. In strong coupling, besides the usual baryon, the singlet meson is a baryon-antibaryon state. For two special values of the coupling constant, the lightest baryon is degenerate with the lightest octet meson, and the lightest singlet meson, respectively.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Integrated BIM-GA approach for slab formwork design optimization
Authors: Allam Alaa , Elbeltagi Emad , Abouelsaad Mohamed Naguib , E. El Madawy Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Formwork design and construction for reinforced concrete buildings take significant time, effort and money. Construction procedures are time-consuming for designers and costly for the contractor. Poor engineering decisions have led to several workplace accidents in the construction industry. This paper aims to present an integrated building information modeling – genetic algorithm (BIM-GA) model to automate formwork design, 3D visualization and optimization.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are precisely extracted from a 3D structural model and used to optimize formwork design based on available formwork components and prices. Optimization models are made using GA approach. A library of 3D formwork components was modeled and stored using Revit. The optimized design solution thereafter would be visualized automatically in Revit to readily acquire formwork quantities schedules and shop drawings.

Findings

A case study illustrating the proposed approach demonstrated that using BIM will reduce formwork design, quantification and drawing time by more than 50% of the traditional approach with safer design and accurate results due to process automation and optimize cost for the given data.

Originality/value

This research introduces an innovative integrated BIM and GA model for the optimization and automation of slab formwork design, which has significantly benefited the construction industry. The utilization of GA in the optimization process allows for the attainment of an optimal formwork design, ultimately leading to a reduction in construction cost and time.
Undergraduates’ experiences with library portal services: perceptions of usefulness and satisfaction
Authors: Ajisebutu Adenike Elizabeth , Adetayo Adebowale Jeremy , Alawiye Mariam Kehinde , Makinde Bosede Olufunmilayo
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceived usefulness and satisfaction levels of undergraduate students with respect to university library portal services, specifically within selected universities in South-West Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive survey research design was used to investigate the perceived usefulness and satisfaction levels among undergraduate students regarding university library portal services. Data were collected through surveys administered to 658 undergraduate respondents across multiple universities in South-West Nigeria.

Findings

The findings indicate that undergraduate students’ top reasons for using the portal were for tasks such as locating research materials, accessing databases, requesting bibliographies and checking the library catalog. Library computers and school information and communication technology center computers were identified as the most preferred access point, followed by computer labs and campus Wi-Fi networks. Undergraduates rated the portals as highly useful, particularly for saving time locating resources, checking material status and patronizing the library. High satisfaction was reported for services such as attending workshops, events and receiving research support through the portals workshops. Moderate satisfaction levels existed for accessing policies/hours, the institutional repository and renewals of books online. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.785, p < 0.05) was found between perceived usefulness and satisfaction.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of undergraduate students’ perceptions regarding the utility and satisfaction of university library portal services in the context of South-West Nigeria. It underscores the importance of aligning portal services with students’ academic and research needs to enhance overall satisfaction levels. In addition, it provides insights into areas where improvements can be made to further enhance the effectiveness and satisfaction derived from these services.
Effect of wing height layout on the aerodynamic performance ofhigh-speed train
Authors: Xiong Xiaohui , Geng Jiaxu , Wang Kaiwen , Wang Xinran
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of different wing height layouts on the aerodynamic performance and flow structure of high-speed train, in a train-wing coupling method with multiple tandem wings installed on the train roof.

Design/methodology/approach

The improved delayed detached eddy simulation method based on shear stress transport k-

ω turbulence model has been used to conduct computational fluid dynamics simulation on the train with three different wing height layouts, at a Reynolds number of 2.8 × 106. The accuracy of the numerical method has been validated by wind tunnel experiments.

Findings

The wing height layout has a significant effect on the lift, while its influence on the drag is weak. There are three distinctive vortex structures in the flow field: wingtip vortex, train body vortex and pillar vortex, which are influenced by the variation in wing height layout. The incremental wing layout reduces the mixing and merging between vortexes in the flow field, weakening the vorticity and turbulence intensity. This enhances the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of both the train and wings, thereby increasing the overall lift. Simultaneously, it reduces the slipstream velocity at platform and trackside heights.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to understanding the aerodynamic characteristics and flow structure of a high-speed train coupled with wings. It provides a reference for the design aiming to achieve equivalent weight reduction through aerodynamic lift synergy in trains.
Flow control by a hybrid use of machine learning and control theory
Authors: Ishize Takeru , Omichi Hiroshi , Fukagata Koji
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Flow control has a great potential to contribute to a sustainable society through mitigation of environmental burden. However, the high dimensional and nonlinear nature of fluid flows poses challenges in designing efficient control laws using the control theory. This paper aims to propose a hybrid method (i.e. machine learning and control theory) for feedback control of fluid flows, by which the flow is mapped to the latent space in such a way that the linear control theory can be applied therein.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose a partially nonlinear linear system extraction autoencoder (pn-LEAE), which consists of convolutional neural networks-based autoencoder (CNN-AE) and a custom layer to extract low-dimensional latent dynamics from fluid velocity field data. This pn-LEAE is designed to extract a linear dynamical system so that the modern control theory can easily be applied, while a nonlinear compression is done with the autoencoder (AE) part so that the latent dynamics conform to that linear system. The key technique is to train this pn-LEAE with the ground truths at two consecutive time instants, whereby the AE part retains its capability as the AE, and the weights in the linear dynamical system are trained simultaneously.

Findings

The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of the linear system extracted by the pn-LEAE, as well as the designed control law’s effectiveness for a flow around a circular cylinder at the Reynolds number of ReD = 100. When the control law derived in the latent space was applied to the direct numerical simulation, the lift fluctuations were suppressed over 50%.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt using CNN-AE for linearization of fluid flows involving transient development to design a feedback control law.
Digital marketing and purchase intention of bank services: the role of trust and engagement
Authors: Otopah Alex Akuffo , Dogbe Courage Simon Kofi , Amofah Ofosu , Ahlijah Bright
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The study examined the mediating and moderating roles of engagement and trust in the relationship between digital marketing and purchase intentions in the banking industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was quantitative and cross-sectional and used a sample of 462 respondents drawn through a combination of purposive and convenience sampling techniques. The main method of data analysis was the covariance-based structural equation modeling used to assess the paths relationships, using the Amos v.23 software. Prior to that, a confirmatory factor analysis was done to assess the reliability and validity of the instrument.

Findings

The empirical findings support the hypothesized relationship between digital marketing and purchase intention of banks’ services. Consumer engagement partially was found to mediate the association between digital marketing and purchase intentions. Finally, consumer trust moderates the relationship between digital marketing and consumer engagement.

Research limitations/implications

Given digital marketing is evolving with new tools and channels coming up by the day, we recommend that future studies should explore others such as search engine marketing, affiliate marketing, content marketing, display advertisement etc. These will help give a broader perspective to the digital marketing strategy and its effect on consumers’ purchase intentions of banks’ services.

Practical implications

The study makes a strong case for the use of multi-channel and/or integrative approach, improving digital infrastructure and systems, adopting new and emerging digital tools/channels such as artificial intelligence, chatbots among others to facilitate digital marketing strategy implementation while ensuring active consumer engagement. It further underscores the need for managers to build trust and regularly engage consumers through their digital marketing channels.

Originality/value

The integration of the variables in the study provides new empirical understanding and extends knowledge in digital marketing theory. It also serves as a foundation for future studies to explore other areas in the digital marketing, especially from a developing digital economies perspective.
Does corporate sustainability performance matter for cash holdings? International evidence
Authors: Ho Ly , Lu Yue
Published: August 2024

Purpose

We examine the impact of corporate sustainability performance (CSP) on corporate cash holdings, focusing on the moderating impacts of industry’s concentration, financial constraints, and institutional environments.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis is conducted on a sample of 31 countries from 2002 to 2018. We use the pooled OLS regressions controlling for fixed effects. We further address endogeneity issues using an instrumental variable approach, the Difference-in-Differences regression based on an exogenous shock, and the propensity score matching.

Findings

We find that firms with superior CSP hold more cash. This result is valid after a series of tests for robustness and endogeneity issues, suggesting a causal effect of CSP on corporate cash holdings. In the cross section, the positive impact of CSP on cash holdings is more pronounced for firms operating in highly concentrated industries, but attenuated for firms with financial constraints and for those operating in countries with better institutional environments. We further show that CSP affects cash holdings through the channel of financial distress risk.

Practical implications

In making investment decisions, investors should not only examine corporate financial performance and sustainability profile, but also understand the related cash holding levels and financial distress costs. Corporate managers making decisions on levels of cash holdings should pay more attention to their sustainability behavior, especially for firms operating in concentrated industries and/or facing financial constraints. Governments and authorities can apply regulations to encourage firms to engage more in sustainable activities, as well as establish good institutional environments in the country.

Originality/value

Using a comprehensive international dataset, our paper contributes to two strands of literature: the economic impact of CSP and the driver of cash holdings. We further focus on the moderating role of industry concentration and firms’ financial constraints. Our international sample also allows us to exploit the effect of country-level informal institutions.
Trust failure dynamics in developed and developing Asia intercultural communication: perspectives from a Japanese subsidiary in Thailand
Authors: Ashta Ashok , Stokes Peter , Srisuphaolarn Patnaree
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Within international human resources management scholarship, the importance of trust for good employee relations is well-recognized. This paper aims to deepen understanding of extant intercultural communication (IC) studies on trust, with practical implications for globalizing organizations, by surfacing particularities of a developed Asia (Japanese) subsidiary in developing Asia (Thailand). It thereby contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on International Partnerships (UN SGD 17) and decent work (UN SDG 8).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on first-hand interviews with Thai executives of varying responsibilities at a Japanese manufacturer to understand how IC can lead to trust failure in globalizing organizations. It follows a subjectivist, social constructivist epistemology to deepen understanding.

Findings

The findings break ground toward an innovative understanding of how Thai executives’ expectations might be betrayed, by surfacing a novel conceptualization of trust failure.

Research limitations/implications

Research is limited to the case examined and the limitation is recognized within the paper. This paper offers an important theoretical refinement – a novel understanding and contribution to how trust might falter.

Practical implications

The findings have important practical implications for international organizations to be wary of power (and especially inequalities), insecurity and the resultant need for empathetic interpersonal relations in Thailand. Similar insights could be potentially relevant in other developed–developing Asia dyadic contexts as well because of the broad-based design of the current case study. Recommendations for staff selection are offered.

Social implications

The study directly relates to global society’s sustainability objectives, especially decent work that targets a safe working environment for all.

Originality/value

The paper offers in-depth original insights into individual business executives’ values for trust creation in intercultural international organizations. It addresses the paucity of lived experience accounts of trust “failures” in Developed-Developing Asia contexts, valuable to realizing UN SDG 17 that pertains to international partnerships.
Quality leadership, technology integration and patient care quality across countries: moderating roles of national culture and infrastructure development
Authors: Chakraborty Subhajit , Gonzalez Jorge A. , Sahagun Miguel , Scheuer Cara-Lynn
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To better understand the nature and effective delivery of quality health-care globally, this paper aims to study the role of quality leadership on patient care quality (PCQ) delivered in hospitals, including the intervening role of technology integration and two country-level factors – national culture and infrastructure development – in North America (Canada, Mexico and the USA).

Design/methodology/approach

PCQ comprises four facets: interpersonal, technical, environmental and administrative quality. Using survey data and interdisciplinary theoretical support (e.g. quality management and the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Project [GLOBE] model of national culture), this paper tested for moderated mediation between hospital quality leadership and the four-facet PCQ model with technology integration as the mediator and national culture and infrastructure development as moderators.

Findings

Results show that technology integration partially mediates the relationship between hospital quality leadership and PCQ and that national culture and infrastructure development shape the role of hospital quality leadership on PCQ. Hence, these national factors must be considered holistically to understand the impact of hospital quality leadership on patient care.

Practical implications

To improve PCQ, hospital leaders should broaden their understanding of quality health-care to include technology integration and an awareness of cultural and institutional differences across nations.

Originality/value

This paper used primary data from hospital quality leaders and the four-facet PCQ conceptualization across three large North American nations, offering a more global understanding of service quality in health-care.
Food shining amid nature: marketing potatoes in the Prades mountains (Catalonia, Spain)
Authors: Crespi-Vallbona Montserrat , Fusté-Forné Francesc , Noguer-Juncà Ester
Published: August 2024

Purpose

While gastronomy has become a major tourist attraction for rural territories, its study in protected areas remains underexplored. These places use their cultural and natural heritage and landscape, as well as their local identity, to charm visitors. Gastronomy plays a key role in this, and restaurants do their best to promote local food products. The aim of this article is to use a qualitative and case study approach to analyze the marketing and touristic impact of Prades potatoes (“Patata de Prades”), which are certified with a Protected Geographical Indication.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 16 semi-structured interviews with restaurateurs (11) and producers (4) and the manager of the local cooperative (1) are the basis for examining the importance of this potato as a form of tourist attraction, its commercialization processes and the role it plays in the development of this protected rural region of Catalonia, in the north-east of Spain.

Findings

The results show that despite the great success of restaurants and food-based tourism with regard to Prades potatoes, the sustainability and future of this starchy vegetable are not guaranteed due to the scarcity of production, as it is a seasonal commodity and there is a lack of generational replacement in farming.

Originality/value

Food tourism that relies on local produce represents a “green” model for community development, but a specific public program is required to support the agricultural sector in the isolated areas to prevent the disappearance of this economic sector.
An integrated Bayesian-principal component approach to macroeconomic resilience: the case of the Central Europe and Baltic macro-region
Authors: Beqiraj Elton , Di Bartolomeo Giovanni , Di Pietro Marco , Serpieri Carolina
Published: August 2024

Purpose

In the fashion of Martin (2012), we develop an innovative application to a standard, well-grounded methodology to investigate resilience in two critical dimensions: recovery and resistance. Our novel approach allows us to investigate the resilience performance to the 2008 financial crisis within countries of this macro-region according to their shock isolation and absorptive capacities.

Design/methodology/approach

By individually estimating six open economy DSGE models within the Central Europe and Baltic macro-region, we identify the business-cycle-volatility drivers for each country. Then, we use the outcome of our six estimates to conduct a principal component analysis to determine structural common characteristics required to explain economic resilience in the CEB macro-region.

Findings

In terms of resilience, Central European economies exhibit quite similar paths in terms of recovery, meaning they have similar economic structures. By contrast, Baltic countries behave differently, being outliers in opposite extreme positions. The contrary occurs for resistance: Baltic countries share a similar ranking, whereas Central European economies exhibit substantial differences.

Research limitations/implications

It is important to acknowledge that a limitation of the analysis is that we explicitly consider each country as a stand-alone open economy which are subject to stochastic disturbances. Precisely, we do not model trade or other interactions across countries within the CEB region and with the rest of the world. Consequently, spillover effects in the aftermath of the shock are not accounted for.

Originality/value

We estimate the relative vulnerability or sensitivity of economies within the macro-region to disturbances and disruptions (resistance) and the speed and extent of recovery from such a disruption or recession (recovery). First, we built two different kinds of measures of resilience by aggregating the estimated parameters through non-centered and centered principal component analysis. Then, we use our model to investigate the relation between financial shock and the economic resilience across the region. The approach can be applied to several case studies, parsimoniously.
The dark side of digitalization: examining the impact of digital overload on job autonomy and job satisfaction
Authors: Abdulkareem Abdulrazaq Kayode , Ishola Abdulrasaq Ajadi , Bello Muhammed Lawan , Adejumo Abdulhakeem
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effects of digital overload on job autonomy and job satisfaction among civil servants in the Nigerian public sector using the job demand–resources model.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted among mid-career and senior-level officers in five federal ministries in Nigeria. The collected data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling partial least squares to test the research hypotheses and necessary condition analysis to assess the necessary conditions for high satisfaction among civil servants.

Findings

The study reveals that the use of information and communication technology (ICT) has a significant positive impact on digital overload. Furthermore, digital overload has a significant negative effect on job autonomy and adversely affects job satisfaction. Additionally, job autonomy partially mediates the relationship between digital overload and job satisfaction. Job autonomy and ICT use were found to be necessary conditions for high satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

The study acknowledges certain limitations, such as the focus on civil servants in federal ministries in Nigeria and the reliance on self-reported data.

Practical implications

The findings of this study have practical implications for policymakers in the Nigerian civil service. They highlight the importance of reducing digital overload and promoting job autonomy to enhance job satisfaction, as well as to improve the overall performance and efficiency of the public sector.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the detrimental effects of digital overload on civil servants’ job autonomy and satisfaction in the Nigerian public sector. It explores a relatively unexplored aspect of digitalization and emphasizes the need to address the negative implications of digital overload. Additionally, it examines the necessary conditions for high satisfaction among civil servants.
Shared sensemaking during a strategic change process: a non-managerial perspective
Authors: de Metz Nadine , Jansen van Rensburg Mari , Davis Annemarie
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study offers insight into how individuals in non-managerial positions make sense of a strategic change as it unfolds. We explore the dynamic aspects of how these individuals perceive and engage with the evolving process, and how shared strategic understanding is created. The study aimed to bridge the gap between structure and action by highlighting the agency of faculty staff members, during strategic change, in a business school context.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilized a longitudinal, real-time, inductive approach based on a single explanatory case study to describe how phenomena change over time in context, focusing on faculty staff members in non-managerial positions. Qualitative data was collected in three phases involving real-time reflective diaries and observations, interviews, and documentation. A combinatory process-practice ontology, was adopted, complemented by a “temporal lens” to capture the strategic change process as it unfolded.

Findings

The authors present a temporal process model of strategic change and identify four enabling factors through which shared sensemaking was achieved during the change process. Additionally, the study explores the role of tensions and dissonance in fostering reflection and progress within the context of organizational change.

Originality/value

Findings contribute to the concept of shared sensemaking, and we illustrate how a change process is enabled through the interplay of dynamic (less visible) practices and static (prescriptive) elements of a change process. We contribute towards theory development through a more comprehensive understanding of contextual dynamics and how change processes unfold and interweave, by considering process, structure, and context.
Does the adoption of artificial intelligence by audit firms and their clients affect audit quality and efficiency? Evidence from China
Authors: Rahman Md Jahidur , Zhu Hongtao , Yue Li
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine whether the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) by audit firms and their clients affects audit efficiency and audit quality.

Design/methodology/approach

This study empirically examines the abovementioned research question based on data from China for the years 2011 to 2020. It uses audit report lag as a proxy for audit efficiency and the likelihood of annual report restatement as a proxy for audit quality. It adopts the propensity score matching and the two-stage OLS regression model to address the endogeneity issue led by firms’ innate complicated functions.

Findings

The findings show that when audit firms and their clients use AI separately, there's a positive link between AI use and audit report lag. However, when audit firms and clients use AI together, there's a negative link between AI use and audit report delays that enhance overall audit efficiency. Next, the authors observe a negative link between AI use and the likelihood of a restatement. Finally, the authors find that the association between AI adoption and audit quality is driven by increased audit effort lag. Results are consistent and robust to endogeneity tests and sensitivity analyses.

Originality/value

Findings can complement the audit quality and corporate governance literature by clarifying that external audit must evolve through digitalization and the incorporation of newly developed digital tools, such as AI.
Beyond the bottom line: assessing the social return on investment of a disability-inclusive social enterprise
Authors: Hutchinson Claire , Lester Leanne , Coram Veronica , Flatau Paul , Goodwin-Smith Ian
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Though qualitative evidence of social impact exists for disability-inclusive social enterprise, there is a dearth of quantitative economic impact on their social impact. This study aims to address this gap and investigate the appropriateness and usefulness of social return on investment (SROI) methodology in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data was collected from people with disabilities, their families, staff at the parent company (an Australian Disability Enterprise [ADE]), social investors and other key stakeholders (n = 17). The study was also informed by the literature and a steering group to provide expert opinion when no other data existed to inform estimates. Sensitivity analysis was performed to check the robustness of the analysis.

Findings

Social return was estimated at $1.47–$2.65 for every $1 invested (over 3 years) and $8.48–$12.63 (20 years). Some forecast assumptions significantly impacted upon final ratios and need to be tested. How SROI ratios are received by social investors, the ADE sector and government remains untested. However, the political climate suggests ADEs adopting social enterprise models will be well received if they can deliver, and demonstrate through robust measurement, sustainable open employment opportunities.

Originality/value

Few studies exist that estimate the social impact of social enterprises supporting open employment of people with disabilities. At a time when ADEs (sheltered workshops) have been heavily criticised for providing repetitive, menial work for top up wages on welfare payments, the outputs from this research may provide valuable data to an ADE sector in transition as well as social investors and policy makers who increasingly require robust measurement of impact.
Flexible working arrangements on employee well-being concerning the mobile telecommunication industry
Authors: Edeh Friday Ogbu , Zayed Nurul Mohammad , Faisal-E-Alam Md. , Nitsenko Vitalii , Bazaluk Oleg
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The well-being of employees is very crucial, especially for the survival and sustainability of the mobile telecommunication industry and thus, the deployment of flexible working arrangements becomes paramount for managers and industry practitioners to implement. This research aimed to assess the impact of flexible working arrangements on employee well-being within the mobile telecommunication industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing multiple linear regression analysis, the research tested hypotheses to examine the significance of the relationships. Grounded in the Border Theory of Balanced Work, the study sought to explore the relationship between flexible working arrangements, including flextime schedules, compressed workweeks and telecommuting and various dimensions of employee well-being.

Findings

The results of the study demonstrated a statistically significant positive effect of flexible working arrangements on employee well-being within the mobile telecommunication industry. It concluded that flexible working arrangements that are measured with a flextime schedule, a compressed workweek and telecommuting improve employee well-being through psychological well-being, social well-being and workplace well-being.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by establishing a positive connection between flexible working arrangements and employee well-being in the context of the mobile telecommunication industry. Managers of telecommunication firms should continue with the implementation of flexible working arrangements to enhance the well-being of their employees. The study provides valuable insights for both scholars and industry practitioners, emphasizing the significance of continued implementation of flexible working arrangements to promote and sustain the well-being of employees.
Effectiveness of bimekizumab for genital, nail, and scalp lesions with psoriasis: A 24‐week real‐world study
Authors: Hagino Teppei , Onda Marina , Saeki Hidehisa , Fujimoto Eita , Kanda Naoko
Published: August 2024

Psoriasis is a complex, chronic inflammatory skin disease that significantly impacts patients' quality of life (QOL), especially in cases of genital, nail, and scalp psoriasis. Bimekizumab is an inhibitor of interleukin (IL)‐17A and IL‐17F and used for the treatment of psoriasis. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bimekizumab through in treating genital, nail, and scalp lesions with psoriasis over 24 weeks. The study was conducted from May 2022 and February 2024 on 52 psoriasis patients treated with bimekizumab. The therapeutic effects of bimekizumab were evaluated by the achievement of Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) rates of 0/1 on the genitals (genital‐PGA), fingernails (PGA‐F), scalp‐specific PGA (ss‐PGA), static PGA (sPGA), and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at weeks 4, 16, and 24. Bimekizumab treatment significantly improved genital, nail, and scalp lesions with psoriasis. At week 24, the achievement rate of genital‐PGA 0/1, PGA‐F 0/1, ss‐PGA 0/1 was 96.2%, 66.7%, or 93.9%, and that of sPGA 0/1 or DLQI 0/1 was 93.9% or 83.3%, respectively. Bimekizumab was effective for genital, nail, and scalp lesions with psoriasis, difficult‐to‐treat lesions, and simultaneously improved QOL in a real‐world clinical practice.
Opioid use after surgical treatment in the Danish population—Protocol for a register‐based cohort study
Authors: Oernskov Mark Puch , Kurita Geana Paula , Herling Suzanne Forsyth , Sjøgren Per , Skurtveit Svetlana Ondrasova , Odsbu Ingvild , Ekholm Ola , Wildgaard Kim
Published: August 2024

Background

Over the past 25 years, global opioid consumption has increased. Denmark ranks fifth in opioid use globally, exceeding other Scandinavian countries. Postsurgical pain is a common reason for opioid prescriptions, but opioid use patterns after patient discharge from the hospital are unclear. This study examines trends in opioid prescription among Danish surgical patients over a year.

Methods

This register‐based cohort study will use data from Danish governmental databases related to patients undergoing the 10 most frequent surgical procedures in 2018, excluding cancer‐related and minor procedures. The primary outcome will be the dispensed postoperative opioid prescriptions at retail pharmacies over four quarters. Secondary analyses will include associations with sex, age, education attainment, and oral morphine equivalent quotient. Surgical treatments and diagnoses will be identified using NOMESCO procedure codes and ICD‐10 codes. Opioids will be identified by ATC codes N02A and R05DA04. Subjects will be classified as preoperative opioid consumers or non‐opioid consumers based on opioid prescriptions redeemed in the 6 months before surgery.

Discussion

The study will use extensive national register‐based data, ensuring consistent data collection and enhancing the generalizability of the findings to similar healthcare systems. The study may identify high‐risk populations for long‐term opioids and provide information to support opioid prescribing guidelines and public health policies.
Comparing glaucoma risk in children receiving low‐dose and high‐dose glucocorticoid treatment after cataract surgery
Authors: Schmidt Diana Chabané , Martinussen Torben , Solebo Ameenat Lola , Larsen Dorte Ancher , Bach‐Holm Daniella , Kessel Line
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Treatment with glucocorticoids following paediatric cataract surgery is crucial to prevent inflammation, but may lead to secondary glaucoma, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression. We wish to compare glaucoma outcomes following high‐dose and low‐dose glucocorticoid treatment after paediatric cataract surgery.

Methods

This cohort study included Danish children undergoing cataract surgery before 10 years of age, receiving either a low‐dose or high‐dose postoperative glucocorticoid treatment. Case identification and collection of a standardized dataset were retrospective, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2016, and prospective thereafter, until 31 December 2021. High‐dose treatment included 0.5–1.0 mg subconjunctival depot dexamethasone or methylprednisolone, followed by 6–8 drops of dexamethasone for 1 week, tapered by one drop weekly. Low‐dose treatment included 6 drops for 3 days, followed by 3 drops for 18 days. Sustained (>3 months) ocular hypertension or glaucoma was compared between the two groups.

Results

Overall, 267 children (388 eyes) were included in the study. Ninety‐five children (133 eyes) had received high‐dose treatment and had a median follow‐up time of 89 months (IQR: 57.2–107.4), while 173 children (255 eyes) had received the low‐dose treatment and had a median follow‐up time of 40.5 months (IQR: 22.9–60.4). Survival curves showed a lower risk of glaucoma in the low‐dose group for children with axial lengths ≥18 mm.

Conclusion

Low‐dose glucocorticoid treatment was associated with a lower risk of glaucoma in children with axial lengths ≥18 mm. The same effect was not observed in children with shorter eyes. High‐dose glucocorticoid should be limited in children undergoing cataract surgery.
Bidirectional association between attitudes toward own aging and quality of life in Chinese older adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Yuan Tongshuang , Liang Leilei , Zheng Chengbin , Li Honghua , Zhang Jinshuo , Kiyum Marhaba , Xu Jiayuan , Wang Mingyue , Mei Songli
Published: August 2024

Although positive attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) have been shown to be associated with higher levels of quality of life (QoL) among older adults, the potential interrelationship between ATOA and QoL has not been fully explored. A sample of 2129 older adults aged 60 and above who participated in the three waves of the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey was used. QoL was measured using three indicators, including self‐rated health, loneliness, and life satisfaction. The cross‐lagged analysis results showed that the bidirectional association between ATOA and QoL was not significant, while positive ATOA predicted better self‐rated health, higher life satisfaction, and less loneliness. And there are no gender or age differences in the above relationships. In addition, economic status, sleep quality, and activity participation were common influences on self‐rated health, life satisfaction, and loneliness, as well as important factors affecting ATOA. Several variables, such as demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and health status, also influenced QoL and ATOA. Measures to promote positive ATOA can help improve QoL. In addition, emphasis should be placed on improving economic status, sleep quality, and activity participation levels to enhance QoL and ATOA in older adults, with appropriate interventions targeting other factors affecting QoL and ATOA.
Quality of life in older adults with mood states associated with bipolar disorder: A secondary analysis of the English longitudinal study of ageing data
Authors: Warner Aaron , Holland Carol , Lobban Fiona , Bentley Lee , Tyler Elizabeth , Palmier‐Claus Jasper
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To investigate: (i) whether mood states associated with bipolar disorder are associated with poorer quality of life in older adults, and (ii) what are some of the predictors of quality of life in older adults with mood states associated with bipolar disorder.

Methods

The authors completed a cross‐sectional multilevel analysis of panel data from seven waves of The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing dataset. The main analysis included 567 participants who reported experiencing mood states associated with bipolar disorder. Some participants reported this in more than one wave, resulting in 835 observations of mood states associated with bipolar disorder across the seven waves. Quality of life was assessed using the Control, Autonomy, Self‐realization, and Pleasure‐19 (CASP‐19) measure.

Results

The presence of mood states associated with bipolar disorder was significantly associated with poorer quality of life, even after controlling for multiple covariates (age, sex, social isolation, loneliness, alcohol use, education level, and economic status). Loneliness significantly predicted poorer quality of life in older adults with mood states associated with bipolar disorder. In contrast, higher educational attainment and being female predicted better quality of life in this group.

Conclusions

Older adults with mood states associated with bipolar disorder have potentially worse quality of life compared to the general population, which may be partly driven by loneliness. This has ramifications for the support offered to this population and suggests that treatments should focus on reducing loneliness to improve outcomes.
Natural product pharmacology: the British Journal of Pharmacology perspective
Authors: Wang Xin , Izzo Angelo A. , Papapetropoulos Andreas , Alexander Steve P. H. , Cortese‐Krott Miriam , Kendall Dave A. , Martemyanov Kirill A. , Mauro Claudio , Panettieri Reynold A. , Patel Hemal H. , Schulz Rainer , Stefanska Barbara , Stephens Gary J. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Vergnolle Nathalie , Ferdinandy Péter
Published: August 2024

Natural products (NPs) have long been used as a rich source of bioactive compounds for drug development. Recent technological advancements have revitalised natural products research as evidenced by increased publications in this field. In this editorial review, we highlight key points from the 2020 British Journal of Pharmacology (BJP) practical guide, which outlines standards for natural products research reports, and provide papers published in BJP between years 2020 to 2023 that demonstrate adherence to these guidelines. Looking ahead, we discuss the potential of chemical proteomics approaches to elucidate natural products mechanisms of action and identify therapeutic targets for future research. By fostering innovation, we aim to advance natural products research and contribute to the development of novel therapeutics that will have a significant impact on healthcare.
Trajectories of ethnic discrimination and school adjustment of ethnically minoritized adolescents: The role of school diversity climate
Authors: Baysu Gülseli , Grew Eva , Hillekens Jessie , Phalet Karen
Published: August 2024

This study investigated trajectories of ethnic discrimination experiences in school, diversity climates as contextual antecedents, and school adjustment as outcome. Latent‐Growth‐Mixture‐Models of repeated self‐reported discrimination over 3 years (2012–2015) by 1445 ethnically‐minoritized adolescents of Turkish and Moroccan background in 70 Belgian schools (52.6% boys, M
age = 15.07) revealed four trajectories: low (72.5%), moderate (16.6%), initially‐high (6.5%), or increasingly high discrimination (4.4%). Adolescents who attended schools with more minoritized peers, or schools that valued cultural diversity and equality, were more often in low‐discrimination trajectories, which predicted better academic outcomes. Overall, school diversity climates can protect minoritized adolescents from experiencing persistent or initially high discrimination over time. Moreover, high discrimination at any point in schooling—initially or later—is harmful to adolescents' school adjustment.
Featured Cover
Authors: Aggarwal Shagun , Vineeth Venugopal Satidevi , Padwal Shrutika S. , Bhat Sameer Ahmed , Singh Arpita , Kulkarni Aditya , Patil Mallikarjun , Tallapaka Karthik , Pasumarthi Divya , Venkatapuram Vijayasree , Thotakura Pragna Lakshmi , Dalal Ashwin , Bhandari Rashna
Published: August 2024

The cover image is based on the article SERPINA11 related novel serpinopathy – A perinatal lethal disorder by Shagun Aggarwal et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.14564.

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The evolution of structural gravity: The workhorse model of trade
Authors: Yotov Yoto V.
Published: August 2024

The gravity model is the workhorse model of trade. Yet, many economists still view gravity as a reduced‐form estimating equation and apply it without guidance from theory, while others are skeptical about its usefulness for counterfactual projections. This paper offers a historical overview of the evolution of gravity, from an a‐theoretical application to an estimating computable general equilibrium model, which can be nested in more complex frameworks. Along the way, I address some misconceptions about gravity, summarize the current recommendations for gravity estimations, highlight properties that have made gravity so successful, and review the latest contributions to the related literature.
Broad‐scale seasonal climate tracking is a consequence, not a driver, of avian migratory connectivity
Authors: Somveille Marius , Bossu Christen M. , DeSaix Matthew G. , Alvarado Allison H. , Gómez Villaverde Sergio , Rodríguez Otero Genaro , Hernández‐Baños Blanca E. , Smith Thomas B. , Ruegg Kristen C.
Published: August 2024

Tracking climatic conditions throughout the year is often assumed to be an adaptive behaviour underlying seasonal migration patterns in animal populations. We investigate this hypothesis using genetic markers data to map migratory connectivity for 27 genetically distinct bird populations from 7 species. We found that the variation in seasonal climate tracking across our suite of populations at a continental scale is more likely a consequence, rather than a direct driver, of migratory connectivity, which is primarily shaped by energy efficiency—i.e., optimizing the balance between accessing available resources and movement costs. However, our results also suggest that regional‐scale seasonal precipitation tracking affects population migration destinations, thus revealing a potential scale dependency of ecological processes driving migration. Our results have implications for the conservation of these migratory species under climate change, as populations tracking climate seasonally are potentially at higher risk if they adapt to a narrow range of climatic conditions.
Brain amyloid load, subjective memory complaints, and cognitive trajectories in older individuals at risk for dementia
Authors: Saadmaan Gazi , Hall Anette , Ngandu Tiia , Kemppainen Nina , Mangialasche Francesca , Wittenberg Gayle M. , Matton Anna , Rinne Juha O. , Kivipelto Miia , Solomon Alina
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

This study evaluated associations of brain amyloid with 2‐year objective and subjective cognitive measures in a trial‐ready older general population at risk for dementia.

Methods

Forty‐eight participants in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability underwent 11C‐Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) scans and assessment of cognition (modified Neuropsychological Test Battery [NTB]) and subjective memory complaints (Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire).

Results

Mean age was 71.4 ± 5.06 years, and 20 participants (42%) had positive baseline PiB‐PET scans. Amyloid positivity was associated with lower NTB executive function at baseline and less favorable 2‐year NTB total score and memory trajectories, but not with other objective or subjective cognitive measures. Overall, there was little cognitive decline during 2 years.

Conclusions

Amyloid accumulation may affect objective but not necessarily subjective cognition from a very early at‐risk stage, although substantial decline likely requires >2 years to occur.