bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified FOLFOXIRI plus cetuximab versus bevacizumab in RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase II DEEPER trial
Authors: Shiozawa Manabu , Sunakawa Yu , Watanabe Takanori , Ota Hirofumi , Yasui Hisateru , Yabuno Taichi , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Kochi Mitsugu , Manaka Dai , Ohori Hisatsugu , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Sagawa Tamotsu , Kotaka Masahito , Kubota Yutaro , Sekikawa Takashi , Nakamura Masato , Takeuchi Masahiro , Ichikawa Wataru , Fujii Masashi , Tsuji Akihito
Published: November 2024

The clinical significance of FOLFOXIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) plus anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody using cetuximab for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains controversial. We report results from a randomized phase 2 DEEPER trial (UMIN000018217, jRCTs061180022) to test the superiority of modified (m)-FOLFOXIRI plus weekly cetuximab over bevacizumab in patients with RAS wild-type (wt) mCRC. Primary endpoint was depth of response (DpR). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), early tumor shrinkage (ETS) at week 8, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), time to tumor growth (TTG), time to treatment failure (TTF), association between tumor shrinkage and prognosis, association between TTG and prognosis, R0 resection rate, and safety. In 359 enrolled patients with RAS wt mCRC, median DpR was significantly better in cetuximab (57.3% vs 46.0%, p = 0.0029); however, ORR, ETS, R0 resection rate, TTG, TTF, PFS and OS were similar between 2 treatments. There was a weak association between DpR and survival time in both treatments. The correlation between TTG and OS was slightly stronger in cetuximab. The post-hoc exploratory analysis showed that cetuximab produced greater PFS (15.3 vs 11.7 months; HR 0.68) and OS (53.6 vs 40.2 months; HR 0.54) in patients with left-sided and RAS/BRAF wt tumors. m-FOLFOXIRI plus cetuximab has clinical benefit for tumor shrinkage in RAS wt mCRC. The survival benefit for RAS/BRAF wt and left-sided mCRC needs further investigation.
Evaluating the association between the introduction of mandatory calorie labelling and energy consumed using observational data from the out-of-home food sector in England
Authors: Polden Megan , Jones Andrew , Essman Michael , Adams Jean , Bishop Tom R. P. , Burgoine Thomas , Sharp Stephen J. , White Martin , Smith Richard , Donohue Aisling , Witkam Rozemarijn , Putra I. Gusti Ngurah Edi , Brealey Jane , Robinson Eric
Published: November 2024

In April 2022, mandatory kilocalorie (kcal) labelling in the out-of-home food sector was introduced as a policy to reduce obesity in England. Here we examined whether the implementation of this policy was associated with a consumer behaviour change. Large out-of-home food sector outlets subject to kcal labelling legislation were visited pre- and post-implementation, and customer exit surveys were conducted with 6,578 customers from 330 outlets. Kcals purchased and consumed, knowledge of purchased kcals and reported noticing and use of kcal labelling were examined. The results suggested that the introduction of the mandatory kcal labelling policy in England was not associated with a significant decrease in self-reported kcals purchased (B = 11.31, P = 0.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) −27.15 to 49.77) or consumed (B = 18.51, P = 0.279, 95% CI −15.01 to 38 52.03). Post-implementation, participants underestimated the energy content of their purchased meal less (B = 61.21, P = 0.002, 95% CI 21.57 to 100.86) and were more likely to report noticing (odds ratio 2.25, P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.84 to 2.73) and using (odds ratio 2.15, P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.85) kcal labelling, which may have wider public health implications.
Neuroanatomy, episodic memory and inhibitory control of Persian-Kurdish simultaneous bilinguals
Authors: Golshani Samira , Kepinska Olga , Gholami Hamid , Golestani Narly
Published: November 2024

We assessed simultaneous bilinguals and monolinguals on inhibitory control and episodic memory, and assessed their grey matter volumes in brain regions known to be involved in language processing, executive control and memory. Bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on episodic memory, and performance on the memory and inhibition tasks were correlated, only in the bilingual group. This suggests that the bilingualism-related benefits on memory are related to individual differences in executive control. We found larger grey matter volumes in bilinguals in left pars opercularis and in bilateral SFG, caudate nuclei, and parasubiculum. Episodic memory performance was correlated with volumes of bilateral posterior hippocampi, again only in the bilinguals, again suggesting that bilingualism may be driving this effect. Finally, we found positive structural covariance between the volumes of the bilateral parasubiculum and that of important components of the executive control network. We provide a novel, mechanistic explanation accounting for observed behavioural advantage and brain structural differences: bilingualism may boost the prefrontal cortex-hippocampal neural circuitry commonly underlying both executive control and memory, via cascade and reverberant effects, leading to synergistic benefits in both cognitive domains. This new framework has important implications for protective effects on cognition and brain health in relation to second language learning.
Trends of temperature and total precipitable water, as well as the trend of surface pressure induced by CO2
Authors: Liu Quanhua , Grassotti Christopher , Zhou Yan , Lee Yong-Keun , Liu Shuyan , Yang John Xun
Published: November 2024

Two total precipitable water (TPW) monthly time series derived from hourly analyses and from 1:30 am and 1:30 pm (local time) analyses, respectively, from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis model version 5 (ERA5) data are practically identical. The TPW is increasing as surface and lower tropospheric temperatures are warming. Surface pressure is rising as well because of increased mass from atmospheric carbon dioxide and TPW above the surface. The close similarity of trends using hourly and twice-daily analyses suggest that using well-calibrated observations from a single sun-synchronous polar orbiting satellite, such as Suomi-NPP Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder measurements, can be sufficient to characterize global trends in climate-sensitive surface temperatures and TPW.
Revisited guidelines for metabolic tolerance tests in mice
Authors: Moro Cedric , Magnan Christophe
Published: November 2024

Preclinical mouse models are extensively used in biomedical research to gain insight into disease mechanisms and to test new drug treatments. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests are simple experimental tests frequently used worldwide to assess glucose metabolism in mice. Various guidelines and methodological considerations have been published to help researchers standardize procedures and optimize research outcomes. Yet, there is still important experimental heterogeneity in the way these simple procedures are performed, with no real consensus on what the best practices are to achieve high-quality research and reproducible results. Here we critically examine several published guidelines and recent technical reports on how to perform these metabolic tests in laboratory mice and discuss the influence of various confounding factors on test results. We hope this work will help scientists establish more consensual guidelines for maximizing the relevance and clinical translation of studies using mouse models in metabolic research.
Inceptor binds to and directs insulin towards lysosomal degradation in β cells
Authors: Siehler Johanna , Bilekova Sara , Chapouton Prisca , Dema Alessandro , Albanese Pascal , Tamara Sem , Jain Chirag , Sterr Michael , Enos Stephen J. , Chen Chunguang , Malhotra Chetna , Villalba Adrian , Schomann Leopold , Bhattacharya Sreya , Feng Jin , Akgün Canan Melis , Ribaudo Federico , Ansarullah  , Burtscher Ingo , Ahlbrecht Christin , Plettenburg Oliver , Kurth Thomas , Scharfmann Raphael , Speier Stephan , Scheltema Richard A. , Lickert Heiko
Published: November 2024

Blunted first-phase insulin secretion and insulin deficiency are indicators of β cell dysfunction and diabetes manifestation. Therefore, insights into molecular mechanisms that regulate insulin homeostasis might provide entry sites to replenish insulin content and restore β cell function. Here, we identify the insulin inhibitory receptor (inceptor; encoded by the gene IIR/ELAPOR1) as an insulin-binding receptor that regulates insulin stores by lysosomal degradation. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell (SC)-derived islets, we show that IIR knockout (KO) results in enhanced SC β cell differentiation and survival. Strikingly, extended in vitro culture of IIR KO SC β cells leads to greatly increased insulin content and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We find that inceptor localizes to clathrin-coated vesicles close to the plasma membrane and in the trans-Golgi network as well as in secretory granules, where it acts as a sorting receptor to direct proinsulin and insulin towards lysosomal degradation. Targeting inceptor using a monoclonal antibody increases proinsulin and insulin content and improves SC β cell GSIS. Altogether, our findings reveal the basic mechanisms of β cell insulin turnover and identify inceptor as an insulin degradation receptor.
Latent mechanisms of language disorganization relate to specific dimensions of psychopathology
Authors: Fradkin Isaac , Adams Rick A. , Siegelman Noam , Moran Rani , Dolan Raymond J.
Published: November 2024

Comprehensible communication is critical for social functioning and well-being. In psychopathology, incoherent discourse is assumed to reflect disorganized thinking, which is classically linked to psychotic disorders. However, people do not express everything that comes to mind, rendering inferences from discourse to the underlying structure of thought challenging. Indeed, a range of psychopathologies are linked to self-reported disorganized thinking in the absence of language output incoherence. Here we combine natural language processing and computational modeling of free association to detail the relationship between disorganized thinking and language (in)coherence in a large sample of participants varying across different dimensions of psychopathology. Our approach allowed us to differentiate between disorganized thinking, disinhibited thought expression and deliberate creativity. We find evidence for both under-regulated and over-regulated disorganized thinking, which relate to two specific dimensions of psychopathology: self-reported eccentricity and suspiciousness. Broadly, these results underscore the theoretical progress afforded by analyzing latent dimensions underlying behavior and psychopathology.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of a novel West Nile virus lineage 2 strain
Authors: Visser Imke , Marshall Eleanor M. , Agliani Gianfilippo , Rissmann Melanie , van den Brand Judith M. A. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Rockx Barry
Published: November 2024

Over recent decades, West Nile virus (WNV) has continued to expand its geographical range, emerging in previously non-endemic areas, including northern Europe. In Europe, WNV lineage 2 strains are most prevalent and cause sporadic outbreaks of WNV disease in humans each transmission season. Here, we assessed the virulence of a newly emerged WNV lineage 2 strain that was isolated in the Netherlands in 2020 (WNV-NL20) and caused several cases of West Nile disease in humans and used a WNV lineage 2 strain related to major outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease in humans in central and south-eastern Europe in 2010 (WNV-578/10) as a reference. Infection of primary human cells of the blood-brain barrier in vitro did not show major differences in replication kinetics between WNV-578/10 and WNV-NL20. Experimental infection of mice showed that both WNV strains induced significant weight loss, neurological signs, and lethal disease. Neurological involvement was confirmed for both WNV strains by the presence of infectious virus and viral antigen in the brain. In conclusion, we show that the recent WNV-NL20 strain that emerged in the Netherlands is neurovirulent in mice. The use of in vitro and in vivo models to characterize the pathogenesis of emerging WNV strains may aid in predicting the neurovirulence of WNV infections in humans during potential future outbreaks.
ESR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kuroda-Sowa Takayoshi , Nakano Motohiro
Published: November 2024

First of all, the basic principles of ESR including the Zeeman effect and the selection rules for hydrogen atoms are described. ESR instruments and measurement methods for solution and solid samples including radical generation methods are also described. In order to evaluate unpaired electron density on s, p, or d orbitals from the observed ESR spectrum, the spin Hamiltonian including the g-tensor, D-tensor, and spin–orbit coupling is discussed in detail. Finally, ESR applications in modern cutting-edge research including high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (HF-EPR) are described.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Yokoyama Toshihiko
Published: November 2024

Basic principles, measurement methods, and applications of photoelectron spectroscopy are described mainly for investigations of metal complex compounds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is mainly discussed to identify the oxidation states of metal atoms of interest using chemical shifts of the electron binding energies and interpretations of satellite structures and spin–orbit splitting. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy for valence electronic structures and recently developed hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are also described briefly.
Stationary phase effects in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation of oligonucleotides
Authors: Abernathy Scott , Rayhan Asif , Limbach Patrick A.
Published: November 2024

HILIC LC-MS is effective for small oligonucleotides.
Zwitterionic polymers with high serum tolerance for intracellular protein delivery
Authors: Zhang Song , Wang Hui , Cheng Yiyun , Chen Chao
Published: November 2024

Modification with benzenesulphonate on a phase-transition polymer can improve the protein delivery efficacy, reduce cytotoxicity and reduce protein adsorption.
Catalyst to cure: applications of a new copper-based nanocatalyst in organic synthesis and cancer treatment
Authors: Sampatkumar Harini G. , Gundakanal Srushti S. , Gowda Byresh , M. S. Sudhanva , Doddamani Siddalingeshwar V. , Sasidhar B. S. , Bugarin Alejandro , Patil Siddappa A.
Published: November 2024

This work reports the preparation of a green and sustainable CuNPs@DE-BCN nanocatalyst and its applications in catalysis and cancer treatment.
A NbO-type mixed lanthanide metal–organic framework for cryogenic temperature sensing
Authors: Li Yi , Zhang Xiaoman , Wang Huizhen , Zhang Lin , Li Hongjun , Zhao Dian
Published: November 2024

A novel mixed lanthanide metal–organic framework with a NbO configuration was prepared for cryogenic temperature sensing, with high relative sensitivity.
An Fe-doped Ni-based oxalate framework with a favorable electronic structure for electrocatalytic water and urea oxidation
Authors: Yang Chunzi , Zhao Ming , Zhang Chunmei , Zhang Shan , Zhu Dongdong , Guo Chunxian
Published: November 2024

An Fe-doped Ni-based oxalate framework is synthesized, and applied as an excellent bi-functional electrocatalyst for water and urea oxidation reactions.
A 9R-like 2D hybrid metal halide with remarkably low melting temperature
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Jing-Meng , Jin Ming-Liang , Jing Chang-Qing , Zhang Wen
Published: November 2024

This study explores the synthesis and melting behavior of 9R-like 2D hybrid metal halide (MHEA)4Pb3Br10, which has a low melting point of 99 °C, highlighting its potential for melt-processing and glass formation.
Multiple Weyl fermions and topological phase transition in two-dimensional ferromagnetic CrS2
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Cheng Wenzhang , Jin Lei , Liu Ying , Dai Xuefang , Liu Guodong , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

2D magnetic materials with various Weyl fermions.
A non-Markovian neural quantum propagator and its application in the simulation of ultrafast nonlinear spectra
Authors: Zhang Jiaji , Chen Lipeng
Published: November 2024

We develop a neural quantum propagator model by utilizing the neural network architecture, which avoids time-consuming iterations and can be used to evolve any initial quantum state for arbitrarily long times.
Recombination resistance identification through current–voltage curve reconstruction in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Betancur Pablo F. , Solis Omar E. , Abargues Rafael , Ripolles Teresa S. , Boix Pablo P.
Published: November 2024

Coupled recombination and transport/extraction resistances in equivalent circuits of perovskite solar cells can obscure key photovoltaic processes in impedance spectroscopy. j–V curve reconstruction serves as a tool for identifying recombination resistance.
Assembly of silver(i)–copper(i) bimetallic thiolate complexes assisted by phenylacetylene stabilizers
Authors: Jin Jun-Ling , Zhang Sheng-Fa , Fang Jun-Jie , Shen Yang-Lin , Xie Yun-Peng , Lu Xing
Published: November 2024

Phenylacetylene acts as a stabilizer for copper ions during the self-assembly process of R-SAg, bidentate phosphine, and CuI under air, leading to the synthesis of two novel bimetallic clusters Ag11−xCux and Ag21Cu4.
Improved hydrogen production performance of an S-scheme Nb2O5/La2O3 photocatalyst
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , AlFaify Salem A. , Alanezi Khaled M. , Alfaifi Mohammed Qasem , Abduljawad Marwan M. , Liu Yuyu
Published: November 2024

The rational design of an Nb2O5/La2O3 S-scheme heterojunction demonstrated boosted photocatalytic performance for H2 production and strong stability. The S-scheme mode caused an enhancement in the photocatalytic efficiency.
Polyamide reverse osmosis membranes modified with graphene oxide for enhanced chlorine attack and fouling resistance
Authors: Assis Ana Luiza S. , de Castro Vinicius G. , Brasil Yara L. , de Vasconcelos Cláudia K. B. , Viana Marcelo M. , de Oliveira Caique P. M. , Silva Glaura G. , Brondi Mariana G. , Amaral Miriam Cristina S. , Nunes Eduardo H. M.
Published: November 2024

Polyamide reverse osmosis membranes modified with graphene oxide (GO) showed improved water permeability, salt rejection, and resistance to chlorine attack and fouling. The GO coating also enhanced long-term stability compared to pristine membranes.
Milk fat globule membranes ameliorate diet-induced obesity in mice by modulating glucolipid metabolism, body inflammation, and oxidative stress
Authors: Ji Haowen , Zhu Xiaojun , Qiu Jiaxin , Zhang Shouwen , Li Jiajun , Liu Lu , Li Xiaodong , Muneeb Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to explore the lipid-lowering effect and the mechanism of action of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in obese mice.
Unraveling the sorption mechanism of industrial dyes onto Zr-based MOFs: computational and experimental modelling for highly efficient removal
Authors: Nguena Kora Lucresse Tiomo , Fotsop Cyrille Ghislain , Bopda Aurelien , Tchuifon Tchuifon Donald Raoul , Kamgang Djioko Fredy Harcel , Soukoua Ngueabouo Alvine Mirabelle , Ada Madu Chinyere , Ezema Fabian I. , Oguzie Emeka Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

The ability of NH2-UiO-66 to remove the cationic dye rhodamine B (RhB) and the anionic dyes indigo carmine (IC) and orange 2 (O2) was evaluated.
Shape-controlled movement of Zn/SU-8 micromotors
Authors: Maric Tijana , Eklund Thamdrup Lasse Højlund , Boisen Anja
Published: November 2024

In this study, we investigated how different shapes affect the velocity of Zn/SU-8 micromotors.
A high stretchability fiber based on a synergistic three-dimensional conductive network for wide-range strain sensing
Authors: Shi Wei , Yang Xing , Lei Langhuan , Huang Xiaozhi , Lin Jiali , Liang Qiuyu , Li Wei , Yang Jianrong
Published: November 2024

A high stretchability fiber based on a synergistic three-dimensional conductive network for wide-range strain sensing was successfully fabricated.
Synthesis of alkyl sulfones via a photocatalytic multicomponent reaction of aryldiazo tetrafluoroborate salts, styrene derivatives, and sodium metabisulfite
Authors: Luu Truong Giang , Kim Hee-Kwon
Published: November 2024

Practical visible-light-induced synthesis of alkyl sulfones has been achieved via a multicomponent reaction of aryldiazo tetrafluoroborate salts, styrene derivatives, thiophenol and sodium metabisulfite in the presence of rhodamine B.
Rapid room-temperature H2S detection based on Bi2S3/CuO heterostructures: the synergy of increased surface-adsorbed oxygen and a heterojunction effect
Authors: Hu Chengcheng , Yu Meiling , Zhou Zhenze , Wei Chenda , Wang You , Hao Juanyuan
Published: November 2024

Models of a Bi2S3/CuO sensor were exposed to air and H2S, respectively.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis and synthetic application of heteroatom-substituted axially chiral allenes
Authors: Gan Lifei , Wan Xuanchen , Pang Yucheng , Zou Yuqi , Deng Yu-Hua , Shao Zhihui
Published: November 2024

Heteroatom-substituted axially chiral allenes represent an important subclass of chiral allenes. We summarizes the contributions on heteroatom-substituted axially chiral allenes and their catalytic asymmetric synthesis and synthetic applications.
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of novel 2-aryl-3-ethoxy-5-methyl-3-oxido-2H-thiazolo[2,3-e][1,4,2]diazaphosphole-6-carboxylates and their anticancer efficacy in inducing apoptosis and autophagy and targeting cell cycle progression
Authors: Bawazir Wafa A. , Ali Tarik E. , Assiri Mohammed A. , Shati Ali A. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Elbehairi Serag E. I.
Published: November 2024

A novel class of ethyl 2-aryl-3-ethoxy-5-methyl-3-oxido-2H-thiazolo[2,3-e][1,4,2]diazaphosphole-6-carboxylates (2a–j) were synthesized via a one-pot, three-component method.
DNA crossover flexibilities upon discrete spacers revealed by single-molecule FRET
Authors: Li Xueqiao , Wang Libang , Wu Wenna , Liu Huajie , Xu Chunhua , Zhang Tao
Published: November 2024

Scheme of complementary DNA duplex spacer linked two origami structures. A longer duplex spacer (large L) increased the angle α as well as FRET distance (d). Here, dihedral angle β is assumed to be zero.
Spontaneous emergence of motion of an isotropic active particle in a Carreau fluid
Authors: Shreekrishna Suhas , Mandal Shubhadeep , Das Sayan
Published: November 2024

Can isotropic active colloids self-propel in a Carreau fluid? The present study answers this question. Beyond a certain critical particle size, spontaneous motion is observed in such a fluid.
Phytic acid as a biorenewable catalyst for cellulose pyrolysis to produce levoglucosenone
Authors: Rafenomananjara Tsinjo Nirina , Kudo Shinji , Sperry Jonathan , Asano Shusaku , Hayashi Jun-ichiro
Published: November 2024

Sustainable use of both carbon and phosphorus, providing levoglucosenone, a high-value platform chemical, by pyrolysis of biomass using biogenic organocatalyst, phytic acid.
Controlled growth of high-quality SnSe nanoplates assisted by machine learning
Authors: Luo Huijia , Pan Wenwu , Liu Junliang , Wang Han , Zhang Songqing , Ren Yongling , Yuan Cailei , Lei Wen
Published: November 2024

Machine learning (ML) approaches have emerged as powerful tools to accelerate materials discovery and optimization, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional trial-and-error methods in exploratory experiments.
Highly efficient separation of C2H2 from CO2 and C2H4 enabled by an anion-pillared metalloporphyrin MOF with sandwich-like binding sites
Authors: Liu Miaoyu , Gu Xiao-Wen , Lin Chenyan , Dong Baixue , He Zhongjie , Xie Bo , Zhang Xu , Li Bin , Wen Hui-Min , Hu Jun
Published: November 2024

A anion-pillared metalloporphyrin MOF was designed and synthesized for simultaneous separation of C2H2/C2H4 and C2H2/CO2, using metalloporphyrin to create unique sandwich-like binding sites with dual open metal sites that enhance C2H2 interactions.
Correction: Understanding selective sensing of human serum albumin using a D–π–A probe: a photophysical and computational approach
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anamika , Bhattacharya Anupam
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Understanding selective sensing of human serum albumin using a D–π–A probe: a photophysical and computational approach’ by Anamika Bandyopadhyay et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 10719–10735, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TB01229A.
The HfO2 ferroelectric–metal heterojunction and its emergent electrostatic potential: comparison with ZrO2 and SiO2
Authors: Braga Maria Helena , Guerreiro Antonio Nuno
Published: November 2024

The emergent character of a cross-sectional cell containing two dissimilar HfO2–metal heterojunctions, where ferroelectricity and topologic transport are observed at room temperature in HfO2 but are not expected in the monoclinic allotrope.
Noise suppression of 0D/2D flexible photodetectors mediated with atomically thin F–C functionalization on graphene channel
Authors: Hsiao Po-Hsuan , Lin Kuan-Han , Hsieh Chian , Thuan Le Vo Phuong , Lin Ming-Fa , Chen Chia-Yun
Published: November 2024

Incorporation of carbon quantum dots with fluorine-functionalized graphene with atomically thin F–C functionalization is revealed to feature the merits of transparent and flexible UV photodetectors.
Unequivocal detection of the tidal deformation of a red giant in a binary system via interferometry
Authors: Merc Jaroslav , Boffin Henri M. J.
Published: November 2024

While mass transfer in binary systems is a crucial aspect of binary evolution models, it remains far from understood. HD 352 is a spectroscopic binary exhibiting ellipsoidal variability, likely due to a tidally deformed giant donor filling its Roche lobe and transferring matter to a faint companion. Here, we analyze VLTI/PIONIER interferometric observations of the system, obtained between 2010 to 2020. We demonstrate that observations near the system’s quadrature cannot be explained by simple symmetric disk models, but they are consistent with the shape of a Roche-lobe-filling star. We think that this is the first case of tidal deformation of a red giant being observed directly, thanks to the interferometric technique. By combining our interferometric modeling results with the analysis of the optical spectrum, multifrequency spectral energy distribution, and published radial velocities and light curves, we constrained the system parameters and show that HD 352 will likely soon enter the common envelope phase, although we cannot reject the hypothesis that it is undergoing stable mass transfer against theoretical predictions. This has important consequences for modeling a large class of binary systems. Additionally, our observations confirm that Roche-lobe-filling giants can be resolved with interferometry under favorable conditions. Such observations may help resolve the mass transfer dichotomy in systems such as symbiotic binaries, where the predominant mass transfer mode remains unclear.
Decoding the formation of hammerhead ion populations observed by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Shaaban Shaaban M. , Lazar M. , López R. A. , Yoon P. H. , Poedts S.
Published: November 2024

Context. In situ observations by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) have revealed new properties of the proton velocity distributions (VDs), including hammerhead features that suggest a non-isotropic broadening of the beams.

Aims. The present work proposes a very plausible explanation for the formation of hammerhead proton populations through the action of a proton firehose-like instability triggered by the proton beam.

Methods. We investigated a self-generated firehose-like instability driven by the relative drift of ion populations using a simplified moment-based quasi-linear (QL) theory. While simpler and faster than advanced numerical simulations, this toy model provided rapid insights and concisely highlighted the role of plasma micro-instabilities in relaxing the observed anisotropies of particle VDs in the solar wind and space plasmas.

Results. The QL theory proposed here shows that the resulting transverse waves are right-hand polarized and have two consequences on the protons: (i) They reduce the relative drift between the beam and the core, but above all, (ii) they induce a strong perpendicular temperature anisotropy specific to the observed hammerhead ion beam. Moreover, the long-run QL results suggest that these hammerhead distributions are rather transitory states that are still subject to relaxation mechanisms, in which instabilities such as the one discussed here are very likely involved. This foundational work motivates future detailed studies using advanced methods.
Producing Nuclear Disaster Prevention Materials with Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Comparison of ChatGPT-3.5, Copilot, and Gemini Output with Google Search Results
Authors: Ito S. , Furukawa E. , Okuhara T. , Okada H. , Kiuchi. T.
Published: November 2024

Objective: To compare the understandability, actionability, and readability of AI chatbot-generated text and webpage text about nuclear disasters.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we compared the understandability, actionability, and readability of ChatGPT-3.5, Copilot, and Gemini generated texts and web page sentences about radiation. The keywords related to radiation were extracted using Google Trends. A Google search was performed using the extracted keywords, and the top 8 pages for each keyword were extracted. The AI chatbot generated two types of sentences: normal level and 6th grade level. The Japanese version of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT-P) was used to rate the understandability and actionability of each text. The higher the score, the higher the perceived ease of understandability and actionability and the cutoff for both was set at 70%. The jReadability was used to quantitatively assess the readability of Japanese texts.
Results: With regard to understandability, Copilot (n = 22, 71.0%) and Gemini (n = 26, 92.9%) 6th grade level texts had significantly higher percentages of 70 or higher, while Google Search had a significantly lower percentage of 70 or higher (n = 58, 32.8%; p < .05). Gemini at the normal level (n = 69, 55.2%) and Copilot (n = 74, 55.6%) and Gemini (n = 73, 56.2%) at the 6th grade level had significantly higher percentages of very readable to somewhat difficult responses (p < .05).
Conclusions: The Japanese sentences generated by the AI chatbot were easier to read than the Google search results; the prompt of 6th grade level improved the readability of Japanese sentences. Thus, the AI chatbot can be an effective tool to promote understanding of radiation disaster prevention.
A Newton descent logarithmic barrier interior-point algorithm for monotone LCP
Authors: Grimes Welid , Achache Mohamed , Yassine Adnan
Published: November 2024

The growing importance of the monotone linear complementarity problems (LCP) lies in the different applications it covers, both in mathematics and in practice. In this paper, based on the optimization techniques, we propose a descent logarithmic barrier interior-point method for solving the (LCP). The idea is to transform the LCP into an equivalent convex quadratic optimization problem, denoted by (CQO). Then, the associated barrier problem to CQO is formulated. The existence and the uniqueness of optimal solution of the barrier problem is showed. For its numerical aspects, the descent direction is computed by using the classical Newton’s method. However, to determine the displacement step along this direction, guaranteeing the maintenance of the new iterates inside the domain during the algorithm process and the improvement of the value of the objective function, we apply a new approach using approximation functions known as “minorant and majorant approximating functions”. The numerical results obtained are very promising and show the effectiveness of this new strategy.
Transformation of Pancasila and the Rule of Law: A Comparative Study and Analysis of National Development Before and After Government Reformation
Authors: Thontowi Jawahir , Wati Erna , Jamil Abdul , Nurjihad Nurjihad
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the evolution of Pancasila and the rule of law in Indonesia before and after the government reform era. A comparative analysis examines how changes in governance structures and policies have influenced national development. The study highlights shifts in legal frameworks, political ideologies, and societal values, emphasizing their impact on economic stability, social justice, and governance effectiveness. Insights from historical and contemporary perspectives illuminate the complexities of Indonesia’s socio-political landscape, offering lessons for other developing nations grappling with similar challenges of democratic transition and institutional reform. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamic interplay between foundational principles like Pancasila and legal norms in shaping a nation’s trajectory toward democratic consolidation and sustainable development.
On the theory of the Kapitza resistance
Authors: Gel’fgat I. M. , Syrkin E. S.
Published: November 2024

The effect of an adsorbed monolayer of weakly bound impurities on heat transfer through a liquid helium–solid interface is treated within the framework of a simple model. The presence of such a monolayer on the solid surface is shown to cause formation of low-frequency quasisurface and true surface states whose contribution to heat transfer between the two media can be decisive at certain temperatures. The calculated results are in qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed temperature dependence of the thermal boundary resistance.
On the limit velocity of magnetic domain and domain boundary motion in ferromagnets
Authors: Ivanov B. A.
Published: November 2024

A condition is obtained which limits the velocity of domain boundary motion. Analysis of this condition permitted the indication of examples of magnets in which the velocity of domain boundary motion can substantially exceed the Walker limit. It is shown that the limit velocities of domain boundaries can differ substantially with the collapse of the cylindrical domain and its translational motion.
Magnetic properties of alloys of the system Mn1−xFex As in the ground state
Authors: Gribanov I. F. , Zavadskii E. A.
Published: November 2024

The stability of different magnetic structures realized in a system which possesses a considerable magnetic anisotropy in addition to competing exchange interactions is investigated. The stability boundaries of individual phases as well as the metastable domain which originate in alloys of the system Mn1−xFex As are found. The possibility of irreversible induction of magnetic phases under the influence of not only a magnetic field, but also of high pressure, is predicted. Results of the calculations are compared with experimental data obtained for specimens investigated at low temperatures in static magnetic fields of up to 70 koe in the presence of up to 11 kbar pressure.
(Ultra)wide bandgap semiconductor heterostructures for electronics cooling
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Huang Zifeng , Sun Jinchi , Wang Jia , Feng Tianli , Ohnishi Kazuki , Liang Jianbo , Amano Hiroshi , Huang Ru
Published: November 2024

The evolution of power and radiofrequency electronics enters a new era with (ultra)wide bandgap semiconductors such as GaN, SiC, and β-Ga2O3, driving significant advancements across various technologies. The elevated breakdown voltage and minimal on-resistance result in size-compact and energy-efficient devices. However, effective thermal management poses a critical challenge, particularly when pushing devices to operate at their electronic limits for maximum output power. To address these thermal hurdles, comprehensive studies into thermal conduction within semiconductor heterostructures are essential. This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent progress in (ultra)wide bandgap semiconductor heterostructures dedicated to electronics cooling and are structured into four sections. Part 1 summarizes the material growth and thermal properties of (ultra)wide bandgap semiconductor heterostructures. Part 2 discusses heterogeneous integration techniques and thermal boundary conductance (TBC) of the bonded interfaces. Part 3 focuses on the research of TBC, including the progress in thermal characterization, experimental and theoretical enhancement, and the fundamental understanding of TBC. Parts 4 shifts the focus to electronic devices, presenting research on the cooling effects of these heterostructures through simulations and experiments. Finally, this review also identifies objectives, challenges, and potential avenues for future research. It aims to drive progress in electronics cooling through novel materials development, innovative integration techniques, new device designs, and advanced thermal characterization. Addressing these challenges and fostering continued progress hold the promise of realizing high-performance, high output power, and highly reliable electronics operating at the electronic limits.
Research on transformer fault diagnosis models with feature extraction
Authors: Zhu Yongcan , Guo Zhenyan , Zhan Xiaoxuan , Huang Xinbo
Published: November 2024

To address the challenge of low accuracy in traditional transformer fault diagnosis algorithms, this paper introduces a novel approach that utilizes the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA) to optimize both Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). We propose the use of various gas concentration ratio features and apply the AHA algorithm to fine-tune the kernel function parameters of KPCA, thus establishing an AHA-KPCA feature extraction model. This model takes the expanded gas concentration ratio features as input and selects the top N principal components with a cumulative contribution rate above 95% to form the feature vectors for fault classification. Following this, the AHA algorithm is employed to optimize the input weights and hidden layer biases of the ELM, leading to the development of the AHA-ELM fault classification model. Ultimately, the principal components identified by AHA-KPCA serve as inputs for the simulation verification of the AHA-ELM model. Experimental results indicate that the proposed AHA-KPCA-ELM method attains an accuracy rate of 95.73%, surpassing traditional intelligent diagnostic methods and existing advanced algorithms, thereby confirming the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Focus on three-dimensional artificial spin ice
Authors: Berchialla Luca , Macauley Gavin M. , Heyderman Laura J.
Published: November 2024

Artificial spin ices are arrays of coupled single domain nanomagnets that have mainly been explored in two dimensions. They display a number of intriguing phenomena arising from the collective behavior of the magnets including vertex frustration, emergent magnetic monopoles, and phase transitions. Escaping this flat paradigm into the third dimension is now possible, thanks to advances in fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional mesoscopic magnetic systems, which have magnetic elements with dimensions between a few 10's and a few 100's nanometers. By exploiting the extra degrees of freedom inherent to fully three-dimensional structures, it will be possible to harness the dipolar and other interactions between magnetic elements in a way that cannot be achieved in planar systems. This will offer an unparalleled opportunity to produce three-dimensional mesoscopic magnetic structures exhibiting true spin ice physics and also, more broadly, to engineer exotic magnetic states and cooperative phenomena in a range of three-dimensional artificial spin ices that may have no direct analog in natural materials. In this perspective, we review the development of research into three-dimensional artificial spin ice, highlighting the main routes by which such structures can be created and measured. We discuss some new frontiers for the field, both in terms of realizing 3D model systems, and exciting opportunities for applications, such as sensing and computing.
Control of aeolian tone from a square cylinder using periodic suction-blowing excitation at low Reynolds number using direct numerical simulation approach
Authors: Kumar Shashi , Bhumkar Yogesh G.
Published: November 2024

This study numerically investigates the impact of periodic suction-blowing excitation (SBE) on the aeolian tone generated by flow past a square cylinder at a Reynolds number (Re) of 100. Excitations are applied in three configurations: case I, with suction on the front and blowing on the rear of the square cylinder; case II, with suction on the top and bottom and blowing on the rear; and case III, with suction on the top and bottom and blowing on both the front and rear sides of the cylinder. The application of excitation significantly alters the flow and sound fields, streamlining the flow, reducing the size of separation bubbles, and weakening vortex strength, leading to a notable reduction in the time-averaged drag coefficient. Additionally, the dominant lift fluctuation dipole sound sources decrease, while drag-related dipole sound sources increase, corresponding to reduced lift fluctuations and increased drag fluctuations. These changes in sound sources alter both the direction of sound wave propagation and the intensity of the aeolian tone. Furthermore, the effects of excitation parameters, such as maximum amplitude and strip length, on the flow and sound fields are examined. Increasing the amplitude or strip length significantly reduces the average drag coefficient. Optimal parameters for case III result in a reduction in sound power by nearly 6 dB, shifting the predominant sound wave propagation from the normal to the axial direction, demonstrating the potential for controlling sound directivity and mitigating aeolian tone intensity through targeted excitation strategies.
Effects of gap entrance configuration on gap resonances between two free-heaving barges: Vortex shedding behaviors
Authors: Jing Penglin , He Guanghua , Yang Kaibo , Minoura Munehiko , Xie Binyang
Published: November 2024

This paper mainly concentrates on the influences of the vortex shedding pattern and the behaviors of the generated vortex bubbles on the hydrodynamic performances of two identical side-by-side barges when encountering the linear and nonlinear gap resonances. The vortex shedding pattern around the entrance of the gap is highly influenced by the gap entrance configuration, and thus, two kinds of gap entrance configurations, i.e., round edge and square edge, are taken into account. The vortex shedding patterns are identified during the linear and nonlinear gap resonances for all conditions. Meanwhile, the effects of incident-wave height and barges' heave responses are considered when interacting with different edge shapes. Numerical results demonstrated that both the gap resonances and barges' heave responses are influenced by the vortex generation pattern. Significantly, the magnitudes of the wave elevation at gap during the linear and nonlinear gap resonances are influenced by the coupling effect between the vortex bubbles' pre-behaviors, i.e., vortex shedding pattern, and their post-behaviors, i.e., vortex bubbles' behaviors post-shedding from shear layers, underscoring the importance of understanding vortex shedding patterns and the behaviors of vortex bubble in investigating the gap resonances.
Evaluation of molten sand, dust, and ash infiltrating thermal barrier coatings: Numerical and analytical approaches
Authors: Cavainolo B. , Naraparaju R. , Kabir M.-R. , Kinzel M. P.
Published: November 2024

Calcium-Magnesium-Alumino-Silicate (CMAS) is a category of atmospheric debris in the form of dirt, sand, and ash that damage thermal barrier coatings (TBC) in aircraft engines. The damage is not a direct result of erosion, but rather, CMAS melts in engines and impacts the TBCs. In this state, the CMAS can infiltrate the TBC microstructure which leads to surface damage from secondary stresses associated with thermal loading and expansion in the microstructure. Understanding the fluid dynamic processes of the infiltration is key to develop TBCs that mitigate TBC infiltration damage. The fluidic processes are evaluated using microstructure-resolving, finite-volume, multiphase, volume-of-fluid computational fluid dynamics simulations (CFD). CFD results using experimentally measured temperature-dependent polynomial CMAS viscosity are compared to experiments and analytical models and indicate that feathery-shaped microstructure in TBCs inhibit CMAS infiltration more than rectangular channel TBCs. Such observations are conditional on the Ohnesorge number (Oh). For low Oh values, the rectangular channel reduces infiltration, while the feathery channel is more effective at reducing infiltration for higher Oh values. Three-dimensional CFD results under-predicted experimental and theoretical infiltration depth. A novel infiltration model for feathery channels, the “Feathery Pipe-Network Model” (FPNM) was implemented. FPNM results agree with experiments and other analytical models. Using FPNM in conjunction with the concentric-pipe model achieves a 25% margin-of-error when evaluated against experimental results. This is a 15% reduction in error compared to using the open-pipe and concentric-pipe models as the prediction. This enhanced prediction model can lead to safer and more cost-effective aircraft operation in debris-laden environments.
Formation mechanism of multiple spallation and its penetration induced by shear localization in NiTi alloy under implosion loading
Authors: Wu Xianye , Pei Xiaoyang , Chen Xiang , Zhang Hao , Wang Jin , Yang Xin , Xiang Meizhen , Gao Shang , Wang Fang
Published: November 2024

This study uses nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to explore the dynamic failures and deformation mechanisms of a cylindrical shell composed of nanocrystalline nickel–titanium alloy under implosion loading. We discover that some individual spall planes are sequentially generated in the material along the propagation of a radial stress wave, indicative of the formation of multiple spallation. For larger grain sizes, void nucleation at the first spallation occurs in a coexisting intergranular/transgranular manner, whereas with decreasing grain size, voids tend to nucleate along the grain boundaries. Correspondingly, the spall strength exhibits a transition from an inverse Hall–Petch to a Hall–Petch relationship. For larger grain sizes, at the secondary spallation, localized shearing zones and grain boundaries provide potential void-nucleated sites. Importantly, the formation of shear deformation bands promotes grain refinement, contributing to a reduction in the dislocation-induced strengthening effect. Consequently, a lower spall strength is produced, in contrast to the first spallation. As the grain size becomes smaller, voids nucleate mostly along grain boundaries, and plastic deformation is dominated by dense grain boundaries. Overall, the high temperature caused by shear localization leads to material weakening, and in turn there is a significant decrease in the spall strength for the secondary spallation, compared with the first. Finally, significant penetration between two spall planes is observed for large grain size, which can be attributed to the nucleation of voids on linking grain boundaries, with temperatures exceeding the melting point of the material.
Molecular anatomy of the pressure anisotropy in the interface of one and two component fluids: Local thermodynamic description of the interfacial tension
Authors: Omori Takeshi , Yamaguchi Yasutaka
Published: November 2024

Through the decomposition of the pressure into the kinetic and the intermolecular contributions, we show that the pressure anisotropy in the fluid interface, which is the source of the interfacial tension, comes solely from the latter contribution. The pressure anisotropy due to the intermolecular force between the fluid particles in the same or the different fluid components is approximately proportional to the multiplication of the corresponding fluid density gradients, and from the molecular dynamics simulation of the liquid–vapor and liquid–liquid interfaces, we demonstrate that the density gradient theory by van der Waals gives the leading order approximation of the free energy density in inhomogeneous systems, neglecting the Tolman length.