bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise do impacto da morfologia urbana na demanda estimada de energia das edificações: um estudo de caso na cidade de Maceió, AL
Authors: Martins Tathiane Agra de Lemos , Bonhomme Marion , Adolphe Luc
Published: January 2014

Este estudo apresenta um método simplificado de análise e mapeamento morfológico do tecido urbano para auxiliar no estudo da climatologia e do impacto da forma urbana na demanda de energia das edificações. Diferentes parâmetros foram empregados na análise da geometria urbana, a fim realizar uma cartografia de áreas morfologicamente homogêneas, cada uma apresentando uma influência diferente na demanda energética das edificações. Numa primeira etapa, os parâmetros morfológicos urbanos foram automatizados e calculados em um sistema de informação geográfica, para diferentes resoluções espaciais. Os resultados morfológicos obtidos para uma aplicação na cidade de Maceió, AL, foram analisados por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), a partir da qual foi possível identificar a significância dos parâmetros para o contexto urbano considerado. A análise de agrupamento (Clustering Analysis) permitiu que as diferentes configurações tipológicas fossem agregadas, classificadas e, na sequência, submetidas às simulações computacionais para estimativa da demanda de energia das edificações. Seis indicadores morfológicos foram conservados e cinco classes tipológicas representativas do tecido urbano de Maceió foram destacadas. Observou-se um impacto importante na demanda de energia de três parâmetros morfológicos principais: a densidade total construída, a verticalidade, a compacidade e o prospecto médio.
Assessment of genotoxicity and depuration of anthracene in the juvenile coastal fish Trachinotus carolinus using the comet assay
Authors: Hasue Fabio Matsu , Passos Maria José de Arruda Campos Rocha , Santos Thaís da Cruz Alves dos , Rocha Arthur José da Silva , Vignardi Caroline Patrício , Sartorio Priscila Verônica , Gomes Vicente , Ngan Phan Van
Published: January 2014

In the environment, anthracene is characterized as being persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic to aquatic organisms. Biotransformation of xenobiotic substances, such as anthracene, produces reactive oxygen species that may induce DNA strand breaks. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the DNA damage in juvenile T. carolinus exposed to different concentrations (8, 16 and 32 µg.L-1) of anthracene for 24 h in the dark then subsequently allowed to depurate in clean water for different periods of time (48, 96 or 144 h) using the comet assay. Our results show that anthracene is genotoxic to T. carolinus and that DNA damage was dose- and depuration/time- dependent. Anthracenegenotoxicity was observed in all experimental concentrations. Depuration seemed to be more efficient in fish exposed to thelowest anthracene concentration and maintained in clean water for 96 h.
Effects of organic enrichment on macrofauna community structure: an experimental approach
Authors: Riera Rodrigo , Sacramento Alicia , Perez Óscar , Monterroso Óscar , Ramos Eva , Rodríguez Myriam , Almansa Eduardo
Published: January 2014

The determination of the resilience of benthic assemblages is a capital issue for the off-shore aquaculture industry in its attempts to minimize environmental disturbances. Experimental studies are an important tool for the establishment of thresholds for macrofaunal assemblages inhabiting sandy seabeds. An experiment was conducted with three treatments (Control, 1x and 3x),in which organic load (fish pellets) was added (1x (10 g of fish pellets) and 3x (30 g)). A reduction in abundance of individuals and species richness was found as between the control and organic-enriched treatments. Significant changes in assemblage structure were also found, mainly due to the decrease of the sensitive tanaid Apseudes talpa in organically-enriched treatments. AMBI and M-AMBI indices were calculated and a decrease of ecological status was observed in treatment 3x.
Analysis of fish assemblages in sectors along a salinity gradient based on species, families and functional groups
Authors: Passos Ana Carolina dos , Contente Riguel Feltrin , Abbatepaulo Felippe Veneziani , Spach Henry Louis , Vilar Ciro Colodetti , Joyeux Jean Christophe , Cartagena Beatriz Fernanda Chinhilla , Fávaro Luis Fernando
Published: January 2014

Here we test the effects of the east-west salinity gradient in the subtropical Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex (PEC) on the structure of shallow water fish fauna, determined according to taxonomic (families and species) and functional composition metrics. A total of 152 species were observed. The families with the largest number of species were the Sciaenidae, Carangidae, Haemulidae and Gobiidae. The most abundant species were Atherinella brasiliensis, Harengula clupeola, Anchoa januaria and Anchoa tricolor. Marine stragglers dominated in number of species, followed by marine migrants and estuarine species. Most species were zoobenthivores, followed by piscivores and zooplanktivores. Families and species more frequently associated with estuarine conditions dominated in the mesohaline sector, and those more frequently associated with marine conditions dominated in the euhaline sector. The fish assemblages along the estuarine salinity gradient were found to be better characterized by taxonomic metrics than by functional ones. This is most likely because individuals of all functional groups inhabit all salinity sectors, and thus these metrics are not useful for differentiating assemblages along salinity gradients. Our results differ from those of other studies in tropical and subtropical estuaries, which have emphasized the importance of functional groups in determining fish assemblages along salinity gradients.
Studies on picophytoplankton in the southern Gulf of Mexico: recognition of picoprokaryotes and abundances of picophytoplankton during "dry season"
Authors: Aquino-Cruz Aldo , Hernández-Becerril David Uriel , Signoret-Poillon Martha , Salas-de-León David Alberto , Monreal-Gómez María Adela
Published: January 2014

The abundance and distribution of total autotrophic picophytoplankton (PFP), temperature, salinity, PAR, and chlorophyll a were determined in two presumably contrasting environments: (1) two coastal areas (close to the mouths of three rivers), and (2) one oceanic area (Campeche Canyon), of the southern Gulf of Mexico, during the "dry season" (June-July, 2004). The picoprokaryotes Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were identified by TEM, whereas Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes populations were also recognized by flow cytometry. The highest PFP abundance (1.67×105 cells ml-1) was found in shallow waters (~10 m depth) around the Grijalva-Usumacinta river mouth, followed by that found at a station close to the Coatzacoalcos River (1.19×105 cells ml-1); PFP abundances in the Campeche Canyon were usually lower (maximum 1.53×104 cells ml-1). Greater variability in PFP abundances was found in coastal stations than in oceanic waters, and weak relationships appeared between the patterns of chlorophyll a and PFP abundance. Peaks of PFP were detected in both coastal and more oceanic areas, but in the Campeche Canyon they were located deeper (60 m), relatively closer to the deep maximum of chlorophyll (located at about 75 m). Results suggest that PFP populations include a substantial photosynthetic component in both coastal and oceanic waters of the southern Gulf of Mexico.
O agente comunitário de saúde como morador, trabalhador e usuário em São Carlos, São Paulo
Authors: Menegussi Juliana Morais , Ogata Márcia Niituma , Rosalini Maria Helena Pereira
Published: January 2014

O presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar alguns aspectos da vida dos agentes comunitários de saúde do município de São Carlos, São Paulo. Utilizou-se para a construção deste estudo a pesquisa qualitativa, com a aplicação da entrevista semiestruturada e análise temática de conteúdo. Quatro categorias resultaram da análise: como vejo meu trabalho; dificuldades e facilidades de morar no bairro; o ACS em seus diferentes papéis; e, por fim, qualidade de vida: a vida como ela é. A aproximação com a realidade estudada possibilitou perceber o agente comunitário de saúde para além da dimensão trabalho e destacar os aspectos que o particularizam e diferenciam dos demais profissionais do Sistema Único de Saúde, a saber: ser trabalhador, morador e usuário. Concluímos que o agente comunitário de saúde precisa ser compreendido na singularidade que a profissão apresenta, proporcionando o fortalecimento pessoal e profissional cotidiano.
Panorama da inclusão das pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho no Brasil
Authors: García Vinicius Gaspar
Published: January 2014

O artigo apresenta um mapeamento da inserção formal de pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Foram utilizados dados fornecidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, no Censo Demográfico de 2010, no que tange às variáveis funcionalidade e deficiência. Adicionalmente, são utilizadas informações contidas na Relação Anual de Informações Sociais do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, que, a partir de 2007, passou a divulgar o número e o perfil dos vínculos empregatícios exercidos por pessoas com deficiência. Tal mapeamento é precedido por uma seção sobre linhas gerais do contexto histórico de inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência, além de uma síntese a respeito de legislações no campo da 'ação afirmativa'. A avaliação dos dados revela uma participação muito baixa das pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho formal no Brasil, concentrada em atividades precárias, descontínuas e informais (ou inativo, sem exercer ocupações).
'Ossos no chão': para uma abordagem dos remanescentes humanos em campo
Authors: Souza Sheila Mendonça de , Rodrigues-Carvalho Claudia
Published: January 2014

Desde os anos 1880, a arqueologia dos remanescentes humanos no Brasil esteve quase restrita aos estudos osteométricos, osteológicos ou dentários em laboratório. Atualmente, a bioarqueologia avança por abordagens mais complexas, que iniciam na interpretação de estruturas funerárias e deposicionais contendo ossos humanos. Metodologias aplicáveis não apenas pelo especialista, mas também por arqueólogos generalistas, vêm sendo testadas com sucesso em campo e laboratório, auxiliando na identificação, documentação, resgate e interpretação de deposições de ossos humanos em sítios arqueológicos. Por outro lado, houve mudança nos paradigmas que dizem respeito à interpretação arqueológica dos sítios com remanescentes humanos. A interpretação dos gestos e processos que antecedem, acompanham e sucedem a deposição do morto e seus remanescentes requer leituras arqueológicas e bioarqueológicas integradas. Apenas ossos in situ são capazes de informar sobre como remanescentes humanos foram manejados em antigos atos e gestos, e sobre o modo como os sítios arqueológicos foram construídos e transformados ao longo do tempo e em torno deles. Aqui discutimos o porquê e como os ossos in situ podem ser mais informativos sobre os sítios arqueológicos do que sobre as vidas passadas que representam, e porque é importante que os arqueólogos os interpretem em campo.
Novos aportes teórico-metodológicos para o diagnóstico de osteoartrose em séries esqueléticas e sua importância para a arqueologia brasileira: I - Registro dos processos tafonômicos e dos marcadores ósseos
Authors: Lessa Andrea
Published: January 2014

Estudos de Marcadores de Estresse Ocupacional (MEO) têm sido cada vez mais realizados com vistas ao entendimento do estilo de vida de populações antigas, uma vez que são potencialmente capazes de informar acerca das solicitações mecânicas ocorridas ao longo da vida, principalmente aquelas relacionadas a atividades cotidianas. Osteoartroses estão entre os principais tipos de MEO, as quais, devido à alta frequência entre populações pré-coloniais, têm sido objeto de muitos estudos bioarqueológicos entre pesquisadores norte-americanos e europeus. Apesar de demonstrado seu potencial para informar sobre padrões adaptativos e divisão sexual e/ou social de tarefas, esses estudos ainda são raros no Brasil. Esta situação tem relação, provavelmente, com uma série de problemas metodológicos para entendimento, identificação e registro dos marcadores osteológicos da osteoartrose. Um amplo projeto desenvolvido pela autora vem evidenciando a falta de padronização nesses estudos, além da utilização de metodologias inadequadas, as quais resultam em erros sistemáticos de quantificação. Como consequência, observa-se a inviabilização de comparações de resultados entre séries afins, além do comprometimento da confiabilidade e interpretação dos padrões observados. Este artigo discute a importância dos critérios de eleição das articulações a serem examinadas, da padronização e adequação do registro dos marcadores ósseos, assim como dos estudos de MEO, especificamente de osteoartroses, para a arqueologia brasileira.
Aplicação das tecnologias de modelagem 3D conjugada às técnicas tradicionais para o registro das gravuras rupestres do rio Madeira, Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Kipnis Renato , Santos Hélder Bruno Cipriano dos , Tizuka Michelle Mayumi , Almeida Miguel Jorge Gomes Tavares de , Corga Mónica Patrícia de Almeida e Silva
Published: January 2014

Nos últimos anos, os estudos de arte rupestre no Brasil têm tido um grande avanço quanto à construção de modelos interpretativos deste tipo de vestígio arqueológico ainda pouco conhecido e explorado. Apesar dos desafios em localizar, registrar e preservá-las ao longo do vasto território brasileiro, um número pequeno, mas devotado, de pesquisadores tem documentado e estudado minuciosamente milhares de pinturas e gravuras rupestres em várias regiões do país por meio de técnicas tradicionais. Apresentamos aqui um estudo de caso realizado no rio Madeira, no estado de Rondônia, no qual conjugamos a metodologia tradicional com novas tecnologias para o registro de gravuras rupestres, o laser scanning terrestre e a fotogrametria de luz estruturada. Essas novas tecnologias proporcionam, entre outras vantagens, precisão, acuidade e rapidez na documentação de gravuras rupestres, assim como de seu entorno paisagístico. Em última instância, o trabalho do arqueólogo é gerar modelos interpretativos do registro arqueológico, baseados em uma documentação o mais fiel possível para que esses modelos possam ser testados e revistos. As tecnologias de modelagem 3D elevam nossa capacidade a um novo patamar metodológico.
Ideário crítico de Machado de Assis: breve contribuição para o estudo de sua obra
Authors: Castello José Aderaldo
Published: January 2014

O artigo "Ideário crítico de Machado de Assis", datado de 1951 e publicado em 1952, chama a atenção para o interesse e a importância do Machado crítico, faceta àquela altura muito pouco estudada do autor de Dom Casmurro. O artigo identifica as linhas principais da reflexão do escritor sobre sua própria produção e a literatura de maneira geral a partir de um levantamento bastante exaustivo de ideias colhidas em sua obra como crítico, abordando tópicos tais como o realismo; o universalismo, nacionalismo e cor local; o teatro e a representação dramática; e a literatura de viagens.
A materialidade da literatura: a inscrição do romance Iaiá Garcia no "Folhetim do Cruzeiro"
Authors: Crestani Jaison Luís
Published: January 2014

Este artigo analisa o modo como o romance Iaiá Garcia, de Machado de Assis, se inscreve na materialidade do jornal O Cruzeiro. Com base no perfil editorial do periódico, investigam-se as implicações da integração da obra ao conjunto de discursos, concepções ideológicas e fatores de mercado que formam a unidade multiforme de sua instância de divulgação. Da confluência entre a textualidade da obra e sua constituição material, resultam maneiras particulares de fruição literária, determinadas pelos protocolos de leitura, categorias de leitores e horizontes de expectativas próprios de cada contexto de produção.
Fantasmas de si mesmo: uma leitura demoníaca de James e de Machado
Authors: Parreira Marcelo Pen
Published: January 2014

Este artigo prossegue na discussão sobre o papel do duplo no mundo desencantado da era liberal. Por meio da análise de algumas histórias de Henry James e de Machado de Assis, ele investiga a figuração do sujeito, esvaziado e iludido, assombrado por seu outro eu mutilado - imagem replicada tornada pavorosa pelo horror que o homem moderno comete contra si próprio. As narrativas de Machado, além disso, ao evocar personagens como que possuídos por vestígios de sua "herança bestial" ou por projeções de feitos mundanos (que eles metonimicamente tomam como sua essência integral), desestabilizam ainda mais o conceito de individuação. Nos dois autores, lidar com esse paradoxo também significa conduzir a narrativa a seus momentos negativos ou de falência, quando narrar deixa de ser possível.
Viver e morrer de amor em "O anjo das donzelas"
Authors: Teles Adriana da Costa
Published: January 2014

O presente artigo discute o conto "O anjo das donzelas" (1864), um dos primeiros que Machado de Assis publicou no Jornal das Famílias. Nossa reflexão pretende mostrar que Machado cria, nessa narrativa, uma curiosa discussão sobre o tipo de leitura a que as jovens da época estavam expostas e os efeitos equivocados que eventualmente poderiam ter em sua "formação moral", aspecto, aliás, bastante valorizado pelo veículo que fez circular o conto. Para o desenvolvimento de nossas considerações, partimos das duas citações que o autor faz da tragédia Romeu e Julieta, de Shakespeare, a nosso ver uma referência desencadeadora de várias possibilidades de significação dentro do contexto ficcional criado pelo escritor brasileiro no início de sua carreira.
The history and replacement of lock gates
Authors: Clarke Mike
Published: January 2014

Wooden canal lock gates require routine replacement after around 30 years. From the 1960s in England, there was a move by the then waterway authority, British Waterways (now the Canal and River Trust), towards standardisation to make construction simpler and cheaper. Today, the conservation of the individual character of each canal has been identified as a way of encouraging greater use of canals. However, the return of lock gate design to its historic form is sometimes seen as unsuitable for locks that have statutory protection. Information about the original design and subsequent alterations of lock gate construction for individual canals should be an important factor in deciding what type of replacement gates should be used. This paper looks at the history of navigational locks, putting their development into an international context. It then considers the reasons for replacing lock gates with those of a traditional design, and the archive material available for the replication of wooden lock gates in England.
Analytical model for 1-D contaminant diffusion through clay barriers
Authors: Bharat Tadikonda Venkata
Published: January 2014

Studies on diffusion transport of contaminants through clays are vitally important for performance assessment of waste disposal facilities. Laboratory through-diffusion (double-reservoir) experiment represents a well-established and routinely used technique for the determination of design mass transport parameters in a single test. Availability of accurate and simple theoretical models is valuable for simulating diffusion transport of contaminants through clays for the design and evaluation processes of many waste disposal facilities. The theoretical solutions for this problem are commonly obtained by numerically solving the governing diffusion equation in combination with finite mass boundary conditions. The lack of analytical solutions to this problem encouraged the development of numerical solutions. However, a high computational cost is associated with such time-marching numerical solutions. Closed-form analytical solutions are proposed, in this work, for one-dimensional (1D) transient through diffusion transport of sorptive contaminants through homogeneous clays. Proposed analytical solutions are compared with the solution obtained using existing methods on experimental data. The proposed analytical solutions are simple and accurate for theoretically estimating transient diffusion transport of sorptive contaminants through clays. The proposed model has ready application for analysing routine laboratory through-diffusion experimental data.
Effectiveness of granular columns in containing settlement
Authors: Sivakumar V. , O'Kelly B. C. , Moorhead C. , Madhav M. R. , Mackinnon P. A.
Published: January 2014

Laboratory-based research studies and full-scale evaluations of the behaviour of ground improved with granular columns are ample regarding bearing capacity, but limited in respect to the settlement response. This paper presents a laboratory model study that considers the settlement performance of isolated pad footings bearing on reinforced sand deposits under the influence of a fluctuating groundwater table. This is a particularly onerous condition for loose sand deposits in coastal areas, which may undergo significant collapse settlement over time. Loose and dense experimental sand beds were constructed, and the performance of rigid footings under a maintained load and bearing on sand incorporating different column configurations was monitored under cycling of the water table over a period of 28 d, with one filling/empting cycle every 18 h. It was found that settlement, while greatly reduced compared with that for unreinforced footings, was ongoing, and typically occurred at a much greater rate for loose sand than for dense sand. Also, settlement rates were slightly higher for fully penetrating than partially penetrating columns, and also for footings reinforced by a column group rather than a single column. This was attributed to the migration of sand grains into the larger column voids.
Experimental study of concrete decks restrained by steel strap
Authors: Cho Byung-Wan , Kim Cheol-Hwan , Yi Seong-Tae
Published: January 2014

The steel-strapped deck slab is a new type of bridge slab, eliminating the conventional reinforcing bars in concrete while increasing arching action by effectively restraining laterally the straps among the deck slab, girders and straps. In this study, a fibre-reinforced polymer bar is placed on the upper and lower parts of decks to improve the flexibility and to control cracking. The test results showed that steel-strapped deck slabs, even with a fibre-reinforced polymer bar of only 0·15% compared with 0% fibre-reinforced polymer bar, showed significantly improved load-carrying capacity and flexibility. A fatigue test was performed as well on steel-strapped deck slabs. As a result, the serviceability was found to be within allowable limits in terms of crack control and residual displacement after 2 000 000 cyclic loadings. However, the shear failure strength of the decks is shown to be commonly underestimated. A punching shear strength equation was developed, accounting for a real failure shape and the lateral restraint effect of the straps. This equation can be used to estimate the strength accurately within approximately 4% of the deviation compared to test results.
Modified rational unit hydrograph method and applications
Authors: Dhakal Nirajan , Fang Xing , Thompson David B. , Cleveland Theodore G.
Published: January 2014

The modified rational method (MRM) is an extension of the rational method to develop triangular and trapezoidal runoff hydrographs. A trapezoidal unit hydrograph (UH) was developed from the MRM for the case when the duration of rainfall is less than the time of concentration of the watershed and is called the modified rational unit hydrograph (MRUH). The MRUH method was applied to 1400 rainfall-runoff events at 80 watersheds in Texas. Application of the MRUH method involved three steps: (a) determination of rainfall excess using the runoff coefficient; (b) determination of the MRUH using drainage area and time of concentration; and (c) simulating event runoff hydrographs. The MRUH performed as well as the Gamma function UH, Clark-HEC-1 UH and NRCS curvilinear UH methods when the same rainfall loss model was used. The MRUH method can be applied to time-variable rainfall distributions and at watersheds with drainage areas greater than typically used for the rational method (a few hundred acres).
“Strength at Home” Intervention to Prevent Conflict and Violence in Military Couples: Pilot Findings
Authors: Taft Casey T. , Howard Jamie , Monson Candice M. , Walling Sherry M. , Resick Patricia A. , Murphy Christopher M.
Published: January 2014

In this article, we report on a pilot study of Strength at Home-Couples (SAH-C), a 10-session cognitive-behavioral couples-based group intervention designed to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) in military couples. The primary purposes of this pilot study were to determine feasibility of recruiting, retaining, and assessing SAH-C participants in addition to those participating in a comparison Supportive Therapy (ST) group-based couples intervention. Recruitment was challenging for this pilot study and we report on several barriers to recruitment as well as “lessons learned” for enhancing recruitment and overall intervention efforts. Preliminary pilot data were promising with respect to reductions and prevention of IPV in those receiving the SAH-C intervention. Initial results for the secondary intervention targets were less favorable for the SAH-C intervention, with effect sizes suggesting a trend in which relationship satisfaction increased more in the ST intervention.
A fly ash particles media filter for decentralized wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Ahmedi Figene , Pelivanoski Petko
Published: January 2014

The contribution of this work is twofold: (i) estimation of the hydraulic operation of a coal combustion byproduct (CCBs) through its physical filtration by developing a physical model, and in broader terms, (ii) promoting the transformation of native disposal materials into beneficial materials.

We developed an experiment which examines fly ash as a CCBs for its hydraulic performance, and runs in four main stages: First, fly ash in its natural state is tested in the laboratory to check if its effective size and uniformity coefficient match with recommendations in the literature; Then, fly ash of effective grain size as recommended in the literature is derived; Further, a physical model comprised of such a derived fly ash media filter and which supports horizontal flow of the effluent is developed; Finally, the hydraulic performance of the physical model comprised of derived fly ash in presence of effluent is evaluated and proved that fly ash is an appropriate media filter for hydraulic performance. The work clearly highlights the potential of the easy to reach and costless native fly ash as a media filter for treatment of wastewater which we consider a viable future work.
Best data handling practices in water-related research
Authors: Sonnenberg H. , Rustler M. , Riechel M. , Caradot N. , Rouault P. , Matzinger A.
Published: January 2014

Data play an important role in water-related research. Based on experiences in data collection and data processing in water-related research this paper proposes – both from a computer scientist's and an environmental engineer's point of view – a set of rules for data handling: Rule 1: Protect raw data; Rule 2: Save metadata; Rule 3: Use databases; Rule 4: Separate data from processing; Rule 5: Use programming; Rule 6: Avoid redundancy; Rule 7: Be transparent; Rule 8: Use standards and naming conventions. Applying these rules (i) increases the quality of data and results, (ii) allows to prepare data for long-term usage and make data accessible to different people, (iii) makes data processing transparent and results reproducible, and (iv) saves – at least in the long run – time and effort. With this contribution the authors would like to start a discussion about best data handling practices and present a first checklist of data handling and data processing for practitioners and researchers working in the water sector.
Hydrochemical variation during groundwater mixing: a case study with multivariate statistical approach
Authors: Sun Linhua
Published: January 2014

Identification of groundwater mixing and calculation of the mixing ratios between aquifers are important work for hydrological studies and safety of coal mining. In this study, multivariate statistical methods including factor and cluster analysis have been presented for identification of groundwater mixing status in the Renlou coal mine, northern Anhui Province, China. The methods include three steps: identification of hydraulic connection between aquifers by using factor score plots in combination with Q-mode cluster analysis, selection of end members and mass balance calculation for revealing mixing ratios. The hydraulic connection between loose layer and limestone aquifers have been identified in the Renlou coal mine, and three representative end member water samples, as well as mixed samples have been identified. Moreover, the mixing ratios for mixed samples are also calculated. The results indicate that the methods can be used for identification of mixing and quantification of mixing ratios in groundwater systems.
Ecological aspect in combined sewer overflows chamber design
Authors: Pollert J.
Published: January 2014

In 2005 one of major Czech manufacturers of glass reinforced plastic pipes asked the Department of Sanitary and Ecological Engineering to develop a new type of combined sewer overflows (CSO) chamber that could become a part of their manufacturing programme. The main requirements were economy of production, easy and fast installation on the field and increased protection of receiving waters.

A simple object consisting of a pipe placed above another one was designed. The object begins with a stilling chamber formed by a conical expansion of the inlet pipe. It is separated from the overflow object itself by a downflow baffle designed to trap floating objects. The CSO chamber is equipped by a flow regulation device (e.g. vortex valve or throttle pipe) at the end. Excess water flows through a slit in the top of the bottom pipe into the upper pipe and from there to the receiving water.

More than 15 prototypes were already installed in the Czech and Slovak Republics and more than 20 are planned to be built in Europe. We hope this type of CSO CHAMBER will help to decrease the cost of construction of new sewers and reconstruction of old ones. Its higher efficiency of separation of suspended particles might also contribute to the improvement of the quality of receiving water bodies according to Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC.
The influence of local calibration on the quality of UV-VIS spectrometer measurements in urban stormwater monitoring
Authors: Caradot N. , Sonnenberg H. , Riechel M. , Matzinger A. , Rouault P.
Published: January 2014

The presented work studies the influence of the sampling strategy on the quality of locally calibrated UV-VIS probe measurements in combined sewer overflows (CSO) and the receiving river. Results indicate that UV-VIS spectrometers are not able to provide reliable measurements of water quality in urban stormwater without being calibrated to local conditions with laboratory analyses of water samples. The use of the global calibration (supplied by the manufacturer) led to errors of at least 30 and 45% for CSO load and river concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Even with reliable local calibration, COD loads contained significant uncertainties close to 20%. Uncertainties in COD load and concentration decrease below 30% if more than 15–20 samples (i.e. 3 and 4 stormwater events) are sampled for local calibration. The effort and associated sampling costs to gain more than 15–20 samples are much less effective, since load and concentration uncertainties remain relatively stable with an increasing number of samples used for the calibration. The presented analysis aims at supporting practitioners in the planning, operation and calibration of UV-VIS spectrometer probes.
Renewal of the radars of rainfall information system: Tokyo Amesh
Authors: Kobuna Tadahisa , Yabuki Yoshinori
Published: January 2014

Bureau of Sewerage of Tokyo Metropolitan Government has a radar rain gauge system, ‘Tokyo Amesh’. Rainfall information system is used to make the operation of pump stations and wastewater treatment plants more efficiently. The rain radars of Tokyo Amesh have worked for a long time. We are replacing the rain radars because of the aging of the facilities. Observations of additional meteorological parameters with the newly developed radars would increase the precision and relativity. As future efforts, methods to rapidly detect urban heavy rain and to decrease cost of maintenance of ground rain gauges will be addressed.
An approach to the analysis of the critical control points of the Costa Brava water reclamation facilities
Authors: Sala L. , Sanz J. , Forestier D.
Published: January 2014

Consorci Costa Brava is a public water utility created in 1971 responsible of the management of the water cycle in NE Spain. Reclaimed water is produced in 13 facilities which, over the years, have improved their performance and reliability. Operational protocols, online probes, quality-protection criteria and automatization have been instrumental to increase the safety of water reuse by both reducing the risk of failures in the key processes of the reclamation treatment, and by reducing the likelihood that water of insufficient quality could ever reach the end user. This degree of protection has been achieved after identifying the critical control points (CCPs) and the attention points (APs) of the reclamation treatments and also after establishing threshold safety levels for the essential parameters. Since disinfection is key in reclamation treatments, the main CCPs are linked to that process, either if only one disinfectant is applied or if a combination of two or more are used. Another key CCP is at the secondary effluent level, as raw material for the subsequent processes. APs are points where water quality and/or performance of the treatment can be easily monitored to provide additional information on the reliability of the processes.
Low cost on-line non-invasive sewer flow monitoring
Authors: Nichols A. , Tait S. J. , Horoshenkov K. V. , Shepherd S. J. , Zhang Yanmin
Published: January 2014

A novel acoustic sensor has been developed, capable of remotely monitoring the free surface ‘fingerprint’ of shallow flows. Temporal and spatial properties of this pattern are shown to contain information regarding the nature of the flow itself. The remote measurement can thereby be used to infer the bulk flow properties such as depth, velocity, and the hydraulic roughness of the pipe. The instrument is non-invasive and is also low cost, low maintenance, and low power. Such a device will allow for widespread monitoring of flow conditions in drainage networks, enabling pro-active maintenance and reliable real-time control.
The performance of semi-distributed modelling in urban drainage: the trade-off between hydrological measurements and geographical data
Authors: Bonhomme C. , Petrucci G.
Published: January 2014

Nowadays, high resolution geographical data are widely available for research and operational purposes. The inclusion of these data into hydrological models may suggest a direct and clear improvement of their performances. Different configurations and model structures, including an increasing quantity of geographical information, are tested using the widely used Stormwater Management Model 5 on a 2.5 km2 pilot catchment (located in Sucy en Brie, close to Paris, France). The Nash-Sutcliffe criterion is used to estimate the goodness of fit between model simulations and available measurements. If including some basic spatial information on landuse clearly improves the performance of the uncalibrated model, the increase in performance is less obvious if the user continues to refine geographical information on the catchment. Moreover, model predictions are comparable between a model calibrated with an efficient calibration procedure and a more physical approach including a fine spatial description and no calibration. Finally, the quality of data used for calibration and validation seems to be a key parameter to obtain a good fit between measurements and model predictions.
Wastewater pipes in Oslo: from condition monitoring to rehabilitation planning
Authors: Ugarelli R. M. , Selseth I. , Le Gat Y. , Rostum J. , Krogh A. H.
Published: January 2014

Strategic use of condition monitoring to support rehabilitation planning of the Oslo wastewater network is the topic presented. The paper describes the process followed from investigating the quality of the data, selecting the final dataset for models calibration and finally modeling the prediction of the deterioration process under selected rehabilitation strategies. The model applied for the analysis is termed GompitZ and it based on the probabilistic theory of Markov chains; it defines the relationship between the current state and the expected service time of sewer pipes using Close Circuit TV inspections as classification input. The research highlighted a major issue: the need to review the Norwegian standard used to classify pipes from visual inspection. The problem consists on the standard being too pessimistic in the pipe classification leading to a much more negative figure of the overall network need for rehabilitation that it is in reality. By classifying the pipes as much more close to collapse than thy actually are, brings also to a too high estimation of the investment needs for rehabilitation plans. The research is currently focused on further developing the GompitZ tool by introducing the concept of ‘risk’ in the ranking of segments for prioritizing rehabilitations in long-term simulations. The choice of the strategy to undertake would be then based on a trade-off between costs, conditions and risk.
Analysis of permeability and recovery rate for unclogging elastic surface filter and G-block for urban rainwater infrastructure regeneration
Authors: Kim Kyung-Hyun , Jang Se-Hyun , Choi Chang-Kyu , Park Hee-Kyung
Published: January 2014

To economically solve problems for rainwater renovation, stormwater treatment at the early stage is needed for the storage and reuse of safe rainwater. One of the alternatives changes the conventional rainwater drain into an unclogging elastic surface filter (UESF). UESF manufactured with the ethylene propohlene diene monomer (EPDM) has a merit of not only primary treatment of stormwater but also rapid restoration of its permeability by hammering after surface pollutions. Accordingly, in this study, the durability of pavement materials is evaluated by measuring the permeability of UESF and prefabricated prototype called G-block after the removal of surface pollutants. Also, the relationship between coefficient of restitution and recovery rate is estimated. The permeability is measured again after the removal of surface pollutants to calculate the recovery rate. As a result, the permeability of UESF and G-block is much greater than the general permeability standard of 0.01 cm/s. After hammering, the permeability is recovered and the recovery rates of UESF and G-block are 22.22 and 55.6%, respectively. Therefore, it proved that UESF and G-block could improve the permeability and recovery rate for the field application and renovate the conventional rainwater drain for rainwater recycling at urban sites.
Age Differences in Autobiographical Memories of Negative Events
Authors: Boals Adriel , Hayslip Bert , Banks Jonathan B.
Published: January 2014

This study examined whether older adults recollect autobiographical memories of negative events so as to minimize unpleasant emotions to a greater extent than do younger adults. A sample of healthy older adults ( N = 126) and younger adults ( N = 119) completed the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire and a measure of PTSD symptoms in response to their most negative recalled event. Results supported the hypothesis that older adults rated their negative memories as having: 1) less of a sense of traveling back to the time the event occurred, 2) less associated visceral emotional reactions, 3) fewer associated negative emotions, and 4) fewer PTSD symptoms, all relative to younger adults. In addition, older adults exhibited higher ratings of belief in accuracy, higher ratings that the memory comes as a coherent story, and more associated positive emotions, again all relative to younger adults. After controlling for differences between the types of events younger and older adults reported and how long ago the event occurred, the above age differences remained statistically significant, though the effect sizes were attenuated in some cases. These results are consistent in their support for the positivity effect, and suggest that older adults modify their recollections of negative events in a manner that is emotionally adaptive for them.
How Japanese Adults Perceive Memory Change with Age: Middle-Aged Adults with Memory Performance as High as Young Adults Evaluate Their Memory Abilities as Low as Older Adults
Authors: Kinjo Hikari , Shimizu Hiroyuki
Published: January 2014

The characteristics of self-referent beliefs about memory change with age. The relationship between beliefs and memory performance of three age groups of Japanese adults was investigated. The beliefs measured by the Personal Beliefs about Memory Instrument (Lineweaver & Hertzog, 1998) differed among the age groups and between sexes. In most scales, the ratings by middle-aged adults were as low as those by older adults, which were lower than those by young adults. Women perceived their memory abilities as lower than men's, with no interaction between age and sex, suggesting the difference remains across the lifespan. For middle-aged adults, the better they performed in cued-recall, free recall, and recognition, the lower they evaluated their memory self-efficacy, while few relationships were found for other groups. Our results suggest that cognitive beliefs change with age and that investigating the beliefs of the middle-aged adults is indispensable to elucidate the transition of beliefs.
Therapists' Experience of Loss: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Kouriatis Konstantinos , Brown Dora
Published: January 2014

This qualitative study aimed to explore therapists' experiences of loss. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 therapists and the data were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three master themes emerged from the analysis: (a) the grieving therapist, (b) hindrances in grieving, and (c) the impact of loss on therapeutic work. Therapists talked about their grief and elaborated on how they coped with their bereavement. Hindrances in their grief were reported, emerging both from others' stance and from their own. Participants found that their experience of loss was related to both challenges and advancements in their therapeutic work.
Effectiveness of Mat Pilates or Equipment-Based Pilates Exercises in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: da Luz Maurício Antônio , Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena , Fuhro Fernanda Ferreira , Manzoni Ana Carolina Taccolini , Oliveira Naiane Teixeira Bastos , Cabral Cristina Maria Nunes
Published: January 2014

Background

The Pilates method has been widely used to treat patients with chronic low back pain. Pilates exercises can be performed in 2 ways: by using specific equipment or without it (also known as mat Pilates). There are no studies, however, that have compared the effectiveness of mat Pilates with that of equipment-based Pilates.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mat Pilates and equipment-based Pilates in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Design

A 2-arm randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor was conducted.

Setting

The study was conducted at a private physical therapy clinic in Brazil.

Patients

Eighty-six patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain participated.

Intervention

The patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups: a mat Pilates group (n=43) and an equipment-based Pilates group (n=43). The participants in both groups attended 12 Pilates sessions over a period of 6 weeks.

Measurements

The primary outcomes were pain intensity and disability. The secondary outcomes were global perceived effect, patient's specific disability, and kinesiophobia. A blinded assessor evaluated the outcomes at baseline and 6 weeks and 6 months after randomization.

Results

After 6 months, there was a statistically significant difference for disability (mean difference=3.0 points, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.6 to 5.4), specific disability (mean difference=−1.1 points, 95% CI=−2.0 to −0.1), and kinesiophobia (mean difference=4.9 points, 95% CI=1.6 to 8.2) in favor of equipment-based Pilates. No differences were found for the remaining outcomes.

Conclusions

Equipment-based Pilates was superior to mat Pilates in the 6-month follow-up for the outcomes of disability and kinesiophobia. These benefits were not observed for pain intensity and global perceived effect in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
Two cases of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in travellers returning to Spain from Thailand, September 2013
Authors: Calvo-Cano A , Aldasoro E , Ramírez M F , Martínez M J , Requena-Méndez A , Gascón J
Published: January 2014

In September 2013, leptospirosis was diagnosed in two Spanish travellers returning from Thailand. The first case walked in floodwater in the Phi Phi Islands in pouring rain: 20 days later he presented with fever and acute hepatitis. The second presented with fever and renal failure 17 days after visiting the islands. These cases remind clinicians to consider leptospirosis in febrile patients with a history of contact with flood or fresh water while travelling to tropical countries.
Coverage of the English National human papillomavirus (HPV) Immunisation Programme among 12 to 17 year-old females by area-level deprivation score, England, 2008 to 2011
Authors: Hughes A , Mesher D , White J , Soldan K
Published: January 2014

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Electronic health records: advantages of use and barriers to adoption
Authors: Devkota B , Devkota A
Published: January 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9629 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):181-184
Breastfeeding practices in occupational castes of Sunsari district of Nepal
Authors: Singh SB , Bhattarai S , Paudel IS , Khanal VK , Ghimire A
Published: January 2014

Background: Breastfeeding provides unique nutritional, immunological, psychological, child spacing benefits besides being cost effective. Childhood malnutrition remains the common health problem in developing countries. Koeri community, an occupational caste resides mainly in Terai region of Nepal. Adherence to breastfeeding recommendations in many areas of our country is not satisfactory. Objective: To find out breastfeeding practices among mothers in Koeri community in Inaruwa of Sunsari district. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Koeri community of Inaruwa Municipality. Total of 205 households were visited in two wards of Inaruwa Municipality to enroll 36 eligible mothers of the community in the study. Verbal consent was obtained. Data was collected by interview technique using semi structured questionnaire and observation of breast feeding. Proportion and percentage were calculated. Results: Meheta, Mahato, Khuswaha, Singh and Kamat castes constituted the Koeri community. They were occupationally involved in farming specially producing vegetables. Ninety-four percent newborns were colostrums fed. Breastfeeding was initiated within half an hour by around 30% of the mothers. Prevalence of exclusively breastfeeding mothers up to six months were 38.9%. Nearly 14% mothers initiated partial breastfeeding before their babies reached to 4 years. Attachment and positioning of babies during breastfeeding was found satisfactory among 54.2% and 29.2% of mothers respectively. Conclusion: Though colostrums feeding to babies is common among the Koeri community, partial breastfeeding is practised before the babies reach four months of age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9635 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):219-223