bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Federal Depository Library Program in 2023: One Perspective on the Transition to the Future
Authors: Hernon Peter , Saunders Laura
Published: May 2017

The Government Printing Office (GPO) administers a depository library program that provides the public with access to government publications, including digital ones. For years, the GPO, its Depository Library Council, and documents librarians have discussed the future role of member libraries. This article explores a different, but critical, perspective: that of directors of university libraries within the Association of Research Libraries. Thirty directors reviewed different scenarios and selected the one they envision their university assuming. The findings have implications for librarians in any depository library program and others interested in the future role of libraries as collection and service centers for government information resources.
The Physical and the Virtual: The Relationship between Library as Place and Electronic Collections
Authors: Gerke Jennifer , Maness Jack M.
Published: May 2017

A statistical analysis of responses to a LibQUAL+™ survey at the University of Colorado at Boulder (UCB) was conducted to investigate factors related to patrons’ satisfaction with electronic collections. It was found that a respondent’s discipline was not related to his or her satisfaction with the Libraries’ electronic collection, nor was the frequency with which the respondent used the Libraries’ facilities or used commercial search engines. The factors significantly related to users’ satisfaction with electronic collections were the frequency with which they used the Libraries’ Web site, and, most interestingly, the physical library they most often visited.
The factorial structure of the SCARED-R in a Portuguese community sample
Authors: Valadão Dias Filomena , Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini , Mendes Rosário , Leal Isabel , Marôco João
Published: May 2017

Aim

To evaluate the three-, four-, five- and nine-factor structures of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - revised version (SCARED-R) in a Portuguese sample. We further aimed at assessing the gender and age patterns of anxiety symptoms.

Method

The Portuguese version of the SCARED-R was administered to a community sample of 1,314 children, aged 10-13 years. Confirmatory factorial analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were employed.

Results

The five-, four- and three-factor models presented an acceptable fit to the data. An unacceptable fit to the data was obtained for the one-factor model. The refined nine-factor model presented good fit to the data after the removal of items with low factorial weights. Based on theoretical considerations, this nine-factor model was considered the best model for assessing children’s anxiety symptoms. A hierarchical structure with a second-order factor called "General Anxiety" was proposed. Adequate internal consistency and criterion related validity were demonstrated. Effects of gender and age on the anxiety scores were found.

Conclusion

The SCARED-R is a reliable tool for screening anxiety symptoms, and can be initially administered to identify children at high risk for specific DSM-IV defined anxiety disorders.
Logistical Species and Translational Process: A Critique of the Colonial-Imperial Modernity
Authors: Solomon Jon
Published: May 2017

This essay aims to sketch a theory of translation that would be of use in drawing links between three different types of divisions present in all modern societies: the disciplinary divisions within the institutional organization of scientific and humanistic knowledge; the geocultural/geopolitical divisions among global populations; and the economic divisions of labour, both in its external relation to capital and in the internal relations of different forms of labour to subjectivity. We propose that Naoki Sakai’s theory of translation can be fruitfully compared to Gilbert Simondon’s theory of transindividuation, and that the fruits from this comparison can be useful to develop an understanding of the analogical relationships between the three divisions cited above.
Jean Dupuy : le je(u) du traduire anagrammatique
Authors: Bourchenin Barbara
Published: May 2017

Jean Dupuy est un artiste singulier qui, depuis les années 1960, ne cesse de redéfinir sa pratique, de défaire ses habitudes, de renouveler ses méthodes. Cette quête de réinvention le pousse, en 1973, à engager une pratique d’auto-traduction intermédiale de son oeuvre. La description anagrammatique de ses pièces implique une réflexion sur le traduire en tant que pratique plastique à part entière. Cet article se propose d’aborder les principaux enjeux de la traduction intermédiale. Sorti du régime binaire structuraliste de traduction, le traduire mis en jeu par les anagrammes de J. Dupuy relève d’un traduire comme « jeu », bricolage intempestif et « re-créatif » du mot. Artiste traducteur-plasticien, Jean Dupuy interroge également à travers le traduire la relation du spectateur à l’oeuvre. Il met en place une biopolitique de la médiation artistique, faisant de chaque oeuvre autant d’adresses au spectateur.
Letters On The Move: Erín Moure and Chus Pato’s Secession/Insecession and Nathanaël (Nathalie Stephens)’s Absence Where As (Claude Cahun and the Unopened Book)
Authors: Robichaud Geneviève
Published: May 2017

In this essay I examine the space for exchange and dialogue opened by Erín Moure’s translation of Chus Pato’s Secession, which in its Canadian edition is published alongside Insecession, Moure’s own response or reciprocation to Pato’s text. I also turn to Nathanaël’s (Nathalie Stephens) relationship to a photograph of Claude Cahun and to the claim that in Cahun the author resembles herself. I argue that the eloquence of the inclination in both works, as each stages translation as a form of correspondence, suggests a failure of reciprocity and equivalences that denies the giving-over of one text to the other. Moure and Nathanaël thus underscore translation as a privileged site for reflecting on translation as a relationship text.
El aprendizaje en la base de la pirámide: Restricciones, comparabilidad y política en países en vías de desarrollo.
Authors: Wagner Daniel A. , Castillo Nathan M.
Published: May 2017

Los objetivos para el desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas han asignado, de manera sostenida, una alta prioridad a la calidad educativa —y a la del aprendizaje. Esto ha llevado a avances sustanciales en ayuda para el desarrollo internacional hacia la educación, y también a una mayor atención, a nivel mundial, a la importancia del aprendizaje de los niños. Sin embargo, tales metas son principalmente normativas: tienden a representar promedios entre naciones, brindando limitada atención a las variaciones dentro de dichos países. La presente investigación proporciona un análisis de las tensiones científicas en la comprensión del aprendizaje en poblaciones pobres y marginadas: aquellos en la base de la pirámide (BdP). Si bien agencias internacionales como UNESCO y OCDE a menudo invocan a estas poblaciones como el “objetivo” de sus inversiones y evaluaciones, continúan los debates importantes sobre la ciencia empírica involucrada tanto en la investigación como en las políticas. El presente análisis concluye que los objetivos para el desarrollo post-2015 de las Naciones Unidas tienen que tomar en cuenta la necesidad critica de enfocarse en el aprendizaje de los pobres a fin de abordar adecuadamente las inequidades sociales y económicas.
Negotiating Neoliberalism. Developing Alternative Educational Visions, de Tim Rudd and Ivor Goodson
Authors: Marrero Adriana
Published: May 2017

Con frecuencia, la sociología de la educación se mueve con dificultad en el vasto campo que intermedia entre los estudios teóricos, muchas veces de inspiración filosófica, que permiten comprender y dar sentido a las grandes tendencias de los sistemas escolares en las sociedades contemporáneas, y la investigación empírica, por lo general, demasiado preocupada por la exactitud de la medición y la confiabilidad de los datos que pretenden representar aquellas tendencias. No es raro que así suceda. Por un lado, una acentuada conciencia teórica genera una visión más complejizante, más crítica, y menos pragmática frente a las necesidades de evaluación que enfrenta todo sistema educativo y suele, por ello afrontar directamente la tarea de discutir las bases, supuestos y consecuencias de esa evaluación. Por otro, la preocupación por la precisión de las evaluaciones, que ha sido parte importante de las discusiones sobre el estado de la educación en distintas partes del mundo en los últimos tiempos y de múltiples estudios comparativos, lleva implícito un cierto olvido de la “validez” sustantiva de la medición, esto es, un notorio silencio sobre la pregunta de qué es aquello que se está midiendo, cuál es su naturaleza y su historia, en qué tipo de relaciones está inscripto, y hasta qué punto, finalmente, esos indicadores realmente miden aquello que pretenden medir.
Ensino religioso no Amapá: intolerância contra as religiões de matrizes africanas
Authors: Serrão Custódio Elivaldo
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre o Ensino Religioso (ER) e a intolerância contra as Religiões de Matrizes Africanas (RMA) no Espaço Escolar no Amapá. Acredito que, ao tratar das RMA no espaço escolar, precisamos implementar novos olhares sobre a nossa prática pedagógica, propiciando a construção da identidade do aluno e um espaço escolar capaz de lidar com as diferenças nas quais se inserem a escola e sua comunidade. Trata-se do resultado de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa que adotou a pesquisa bibliográfica, a análise documental e a entrevista como forma de investigação. Como resultado desta pesquisa, verifica-se, por exemplo, que, no Amapá a Secretaria de Estado de Educação (SEED), mesmo com promulgação da Resolução do Conselho Estadual de Educação – CEE/AP nº 14/2006, que dispõe sobre a oferta do ER no nível fundamental do sistema educacional do Estado, tem ignorado a participação das entidades civis constituídas pelas diferentes denominações religiosas no currículo da disciplina de ER. Constatou-se ainda que, no Amapá, entidades formadas por algumas igrejas cristãs, em trabalhos articulados com a SEED, respondem pelo ER, deixando de lado assim importantes representações locais como as entidades de matrizes africanas.
Trajetória anticapitalista no jovem Lukács: romantismo, religião e crítica da modernidade
Authors: Py Fábio
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho apresenta, de maneira sintética, ponderações sobre os primeiros livros de Georg Lukács, pouco antes de sua adesão ao marxismo ortodoxo. A partir deles, visa-se reconhecer o esboço da trajetória anticapitalista na primeira etapa da vida do filósofo – chamada por Nicolas Tertulian de “a juventude de Lukács”. Portanto, busca-se demostrar, no âmbito de sua juventude, suas descontinuidades à vida moderna por meio de pontos do romantismo e da religião. Assim, serão enfatizadas, nos anos de sua juventude, a partir dos livros publicados ainda na década de 1910, intituladas como “História da evolução do drama moderno”, “A alma e as formas” e “A teoria do romance”, o traço do imagético religioso embebecido pelo romantismo nutrido pelo círculo dos intelectuais que se reuniam aos domingos na casa de Max Weber, em Heidelberg – o Círculo de Weber. Enfim, pretende-se com este artigo acentuar que, no centro da Europa, no início do século passado, construiu-se um novo leque de produção romântica crítica ao status quo religiosa, possibilitadora da renovação dos ares da produção intelectual europeia do início do século XX.
Control of PNG kinase, a key regulator of mRNA translation, is coupled to meiosis completion at egg activation
Authors: Hara Masatoshi , Petrova Boryana , Orr-Weaver Terry L
Published: May 2017

The oocyte-to-embryo transition involves extensive changes in mRNA translation, regulated in Drosophila by the PNG kinase complex whose activity we show here to be under precise developmental control. Despite presence of the catalytic PNG subunit and the PLU and GNU activating subunits in the mature oocyte, GNU is phosphorylated at Cyclin B/CDK1sites and unable to bind PNG and PLU. In vitro phosphorylation of GNU by CyclinB/CDK1 blocks activation of PNG. Meiotic completion promotes GNU dephosphorylation and PNG kinase activation to regulate translation. The critical regulatory effect of phosphorylation is shown by replacement in the oocyte with a phosphorylation-resistant form of GNU, which promotes PNG-GNU complex formation, elevation of Cyclin B, and meiotic defects consistent with premature PNG activation. After PNG activation GNU is destabilized, thus inactivating PNG. This short-lived burst in kinase activity links development with maternal mRNA translation and ensures irreversibility of the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
El uso de las formas pronominales átonas de 3ª persona en el corpus PRESEEA-SEVILLA
Authors: Repede Doina
Published: May 2017

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en describir el uso etimológico/no etimológico de las formas personales le y les en la ciudad de Sevilla. Para llevar a cabo nuestro propósito, hemos analizado una muestra de habla compuesta por 48 entrevistas del sociolecto alto y bajo, pertenecientes al Corpus PRESEEA-Sevilla. Se ha trabajado, así, con una plantilla de codificación que analiza la posible incidencia de 38 variables independientes (lingüísticas, estilísticas y sociales) en la actualización de los clíticos pronominales le y les. Los datos obtenidos ponen de manifiesto una tendencia conservadora, es decir, la preferencia por el uso etimológico por parte de los hablantes sevillanos. Con respecto a la aparición de usos no etimológicos, el elemento más importante es la presencia de un referente personal, que se da en la mayoría de las ocasiones en que aparece leísmo. Por factores sociales, la primera generación y las mujeres muestran mayor tendencia al leísmo. En cambio, la tercera generación es la más reticente. En cuanto al nivel de instrucción, son los sociolectos altos los que más uso hacen de formas le/les no etimológicas. Respecto a los tipos de leísmo, es decir, leísmo aparente y leísmo real, que emplean los hablantes en Sevilla, es el primero el que predomina en esta comunidad de habla.
The representation of gender in the mind of Spanish-English bilinguals: Insights from code-switched Adjectival Predicates
Authors: Klassen Rachel , M. Liceras Juana
Published: May 2017

This study examines bilinguals’ gender use strategies in code-switched agreement (i.e. the moon is bonita) and concord (i.e. la moon) structures. Thirty-five L1 Spanish-L2 English adult bilinguals and 43 L1 English-L2 Spanish adults with an intermediate (N=18) or advanced (N=25) level of proficiency in Spanish completed an acceptability judgment task in which they rated code-switched Adjectival Predicates and DPs. The results show that only the L1 Spanish-L2 English bilinguals prefer the Adj (in the case of agreement) or the D (in the case of concord) to be marked for the gender of the Spanish translation equivalent of the English N, but that all groups rate agreement structures higher than concord structures. Both of these findings corroborate previous work on intrasentential code-switching, however, this is the first study to offer an account for the contrast in processing difficulty between agreement and concord structures. We argue that this difference can be explained in terms of the way in which the features are valued in agreement and in concord. Under the double-feature valuation mechanism (Liceras et al., 2008) in agreement both features are valued in a single direction, while in concord the features are valued in two different directions. It is this unidirectionality of the feature valuation mechanism in agreement that makes code-switched agreement structures such as Adjectival Predicates easier to process.
The variant [ʃ] in the Spanish of Ciudad Juárez
Authors: Mendez Luis Alberto
Published: May 2017

A characteristic feature of the Spanish spoken in the Mexican state of Chihuahua is the pronunciation of the standard phoneme /tʃ/ () as a non-standard allophone [ʃ] (). The present study analyzes the social and linguistic factors that influence variation in the Mexico-United States border community of Ciudad Juárez. Direct and indirect elicitations techniques were used to gather tokens of /tʃ/ from a sample of 40 local speakers who varied in age, sex, socioeconomic status, education level, and degree of bilingualism. The data was perceptually and acoustically interpreted and then statistically examined using variable rules analysis. On the linguistic side, the results show that [s], [i], [u] in preceding phonological context favor weakening. On the social side, the most prone participants to produce [ʃ] were: young men from low socioeconomic status, regardless of being Spanish monolinguals or Spanish-English sequential bilinguals. These findings indicate an ongoing gender shift with respect to previous research in the same community.
The ratio of serum Angiopoietin-1 to Angiopoietin-2 in patients with cervical cancer is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker
Authors: Yang Ping , Chen Na , Yang Dongyun , Crane Janet , Yang Shouhua , Wang Hangyu , Dong Ruiqing , Yi Xiaoqing , Xie Lisha , Jing Guo , Cai Jing , Wang Zehua
Published: May 2017

Objectives

Angiopoietins have been found to play essential roles in tumor angiogenesis. The present study was aimed at investigating the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum angiopoietin 1 and 2 (sAng-1 and sAng-2) in cervical cancer.

Methods

The sAng-1 and sAng-2 concentrations were analyzed in 77 women with cervical cancer, 44 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 43 women without cervical lesions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnostic values of sAng-1, sAng-2 and sAng-1/sAng-2 were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression in cervical cancer tissues as well as microvessel density (MVD), were assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

The concentration of sAng-2 gradually increased and the sAng-1/Ang-2 ratio was gradually decreased from normal control to CIN, then to squamous cell cancer, and the sAng-1/sAng-2 ratio was also significantly decreased in adenocarcinoma. The area under ROC curves of sAng-2 and sAng-1/sAng-2 ratio for discriminating cervical cancer from normal were 0.744 and 0.705, respectively. Decreased sAng-1/sAng-2 was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage, poor differentiation, lymph-vascular space invasion and high MVD. sAng-2 was positively correlated with the Ang-2 expression in cervix epithelia. A high sAng-1/sAng-2 ratio was associated with a longer progression-free survival and a longer overall survival in cervical cancer patients.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that sAng-2 and the sAng-1/sAng-2 ratio may be valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cervical cancer.
The increasing prevalence of HIV/Helicobacter pylori co-infection over time, along with the evolution of antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Authors: Radovanović Spurnić Aleksandra , Brmbolić Branko , Stojšić Zorica , Pekmezović Tatijana , Bukumirić Zoran , Korać Miloš , Salemović Dubravka , Pešić-Pavlović Ivana , Stevanović Goran , Milošević Ivana , Jevtović Djordje
Published: May 2017

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human bacterial infections with prevalence rates between 10–80% depending upon geographical location, age and socioeconomic status. H. pylori is commonly found in patients complaining of dyspepsia and is a common cause of gastritis. During the course of their infection, people living with HIV (PLHIV) often have a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms including dyspepsia and while previous studies have reported HIV and H. pylori co-infection, there has been little data clarifying the factors influencing this. The aim of this case-control study was to document the prevalence of H. pylori co-infection within the HIV community as well as to describe endoscopic findings, gastritis topography and histology, along with patient demographic characteristics across three different periods of time during which antiretroviral therapy (ART) has evolved, from pre- highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to early and modern HAART eras. These data were compared to well-matched HIV negative controls. Two hundred and twelve PLHIV were compared with 1,617 controls who underwent their first esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to investigate dyspepsia. The prevalence of H. pylori co-infection among PLHIV was significantly higher in the early (30.2%) and modern HAART period (34.4%) compared with those with coinfection from the pre-HAART period (18.2%). The higher rates seen in patients from the HAART eras were similar to those observed among HIV negative controls (38.5%). This prevalence increase among co-infected patients was in contrast to the fall in prevalence observed among controls, from 60.7% in the early period to 52.9% in the second observed period. The three PLHIV co-infected subgroups differed regarding gastritis topography, morphology and pathology. This study suggests that ART has an important impact on the endoscopic and histological features of gastritis among HIV/H. pylori co-infected individuals, raising the possibility that H. pylori-induced gastritis could be an immune restoration disease.
The presumed oldest flying insect: more likely a myriapod?
Authors: Haug Carolin , Haug Joachim T.
Published: May 2017

The early fossil record of insects is scarce, with only few finds in the Devonian. All these finds appear problematic and controversial, partly due to incomplete preservation and challenging interpretation of many structures. We provide details of one of these important forms,Rhyniognatha hirstifrom the famous Rhynie Chert Lagerstätte with up-to-date 3D imaging techniques. The fossil has been interpreted as the remains of one of the earliest flying insects. The specimen mainly preserves the remains of the head. The structures of the mandibles have been used as a main argument for an interpretation as an insect, but these are in fact less easy to interpret. New observed structures include the remains of a head capsule and an additional pair of mouth parts. Structures formerly suggested to represent remains of the head capsule or apodemes are more likely to be representing glands of ectodermal origin. The newly observed structures do not support an interpretation as an insect. Instead they make the interpretation as a myriapod more likely, possibly as a centipede. Centipede remains from the Rhynie Chert are known from scutigeromorphs. We therefore point out thatR. hirsticould be interpreted as an early centipede.
O atendimento à queixa escolar na educação pública baiana
Authors: Viegas Lygia Sousa
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo apresenta aspectos de uma pesquisa que objetivou identificar e analisar concepções e práticas de psicólogos da rede pública de educação baiana em relação à queixa escolar, dando ênfase aos processos de psicologização da educação. Em um Estado marcado por altos índices de analfabetismo, reprovação e evasão escolar, os alunos que não correspondem às expectativas da escola são encaminhados para serviços especializados de psicologia, revelando a suposição de que o fracasso é resultado de problemas individuais ou familiares que só podem ser resolvidos fora do âmbito escolar. A pesquisa buscou compreender o que psicólogos que atendem essa demanda entendem em relação ao fracasso escolar, visando analisar se tais profissionais incorporaram uma leitura crítica do fenômeno. Participaram da pesquisa 68,3% dos psicólogos que atuam na rede pública de educação baiana, os quais responderam a um questionário com perguntas relativas à sua formação, concepções e práticas. Análise dos questionários aponta o predomínio da prática psicologizante no atendimento à queixa escolar, já que os psicólogos pouco investigam aspectos da história escolar dos alunos encaminhados, realizando, ao contrário, aplicação de testes de inteligência e personalidade, bem como psicoterapia individual à criança e orientação de pais. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de romper com esse olhar, propondo aos psicólogos uma leitura crítica do fracasso escolar, que atinge uma massa populacional significativa e cuja superação deverá ser enfrentada por políticas públicas consistentes no campo da educação.
Apresentação
Authors: Maia Elder P. , Michetti Miqueli
Published: May 2017

Dossiê Empreendedorismo e políticas culturais no Brasil contemporâneo
Drug sensitivity and resistance testing identifies PLK1 inhibitors and gemcitabine as potent drugs for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Kolberg Matthias , Bruun Jarle , Murumägi Astrid , Mpindi John P. , Bergsland Christian H. , Høland Maren , Eilertsen Ina A. , Danielsen Stine A. , Kallioniemi Olli , Lothe Ragnhild A.
Published: May 2017

Patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), a rare soft tissue cancer associated with loss of the tumor suppressor neurofibromin (NF1), have poor prognosis and typically respond poorly to adjuvant therapy. We evaluated the effect of 299 clinical and investigational compounds on seven MPNST cell lines, two primary cultures of human Schwann cells, and five normal bone marrow aspirates, to identify potent drugs for MPNST treatment with few side effects. Top hits included Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors (volasertib and BI2536) and the fluoronucleoside gemcitabine, which were validated in orthogonal assays measuring viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. DNA copy number, gene expression, and protein expression were determined for the cell lines to assess pharmacogenomic relationships. MPNST cells were more sensitive to BI2536 and gemcitabine compared to a reference set of 94 cancer cell lines. PLK1, RRM1, and RRM2 mRNA levels were increased in MPNST compared to benign neurofibroma tissue, and the protein level of PLK1 was increased in the MPNST cell lines compared to normal Schwann cells, indicating an increased dependence on these drug targets in malignant cells. Furthermore, we observed an association between increased mRNA expression of PLK1, RRM1, and RRM2 in patient samples and worse disease outcome, suggesting a selective benefit from inhibition of these genes in the most aggressive tumors.
Exploring the explosive‐effusive transition using permanent ultraviolet cameras
Authors: Delle Donne D. , Tamburello G. , Aiuppa A. , Bitetto M. , Lacanna G. , D'Aleo R. , Ripepe M.
Published: May 2017

Understanding the mechanisms that cause effusive eruptions is the key to mitigating their associated hazard. Here we combine results from permanent ultraviolet (UV) cameras, and from other geophysical observations (seismic very long period, thermal, and infrasonic activity), to characterize volcanic SO2 flux regime in the period prior, during, and after Stromboli's August–November 2014 effusive eruption. We show that, in the 2 months prior to effusion onset, the SO2 flux levels are 2 times average level. We explain this anomalously high SO2 regime as primarily determined by venting of rapidly rising, pressurized SO2‐rich gas pockets produced by strombolian explosions being more frequent and intense than usual. We develop a procedure to track (and count), in the UV camera record, the SO2 flux pulses produced by individual explosions and puffing activity (active degassing). We find that these SO2 pulses are far more numerous (67 ± 47 events per hour) before the effusion onset than during normal activity (20 ± 15 events per hour). This observation, combined with geophysical evidence, demonstrates an elevated gas bubble supply to the shallow conduits, causing elevated explosive and puffing activity. This increase (≥0.1 m3 s−1) in magma transport rate in the north‐east feeding conduits finally triggers effusion onset. Active degassing remains elevated also during the effusive phase, supporting the persistence of explosive and puffing activity during the effusive eruption, deep in the volcanic conduit. Our results demonstrate that permanent UV cameras can valuably contribute to monitoring at high‐sampling frequency gas dynamics and fluxes, thus opening the way to direct comparison with more established geophysical observations.
Influence of Mesostructure on Mechanical Property of Laminated Ti–Al Composites
Authors: Lyu Shaoyuan , Sun Yanbo , Ren Lei , Xiao Wenlong , Ma Chaoli
Published: May 2017

Laminated Ti–Al composite sheets with different mesostructures have been fabricated through hot pressing. The influence of mesostructure on mechanical properties of the composite is investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of sintering temperature, different mesostructures of composite are obtained, that is, laminated Ti/Ti–Al composite, laminated Ti3Al/TiAl composite, and monolithic Ti3Al/TiAl composite. The mechanical properties tests reveal that laminated Ti/Ti–Al composite exhibits better comprehensive mechanical properties, including flexural strength, fracture toughness, and microhardness, than those of laminated Ti3Al/TiAl composite and monolithic Ti3Al/TiAl composite. The fracture analysis shows that the propagation route of crack is zigzag for Ti/Ti–Al composite, curving for laminated Ti3Al/TiAl composite, and approximately a straight line for monolithic Ti3Al/TiAl composite. The relevant strengthening and toughening mechanism of the composites is discussed.
Identifying the Stages during Ultrasonic Processing that Reduce the Grain Size of Aluminum with Added Al3Ti1B Master Alloy
Authors: Wang Gui , Dargusch Matthew S. , Eskin Dmitry G. , StJohn David H.
Published: May 2017

The combined application of UST and Al3Ti1B grain refiner changes the macrostructure of untreated commercial purity aluminum from large millimeter sized columnar grains to equiaxed grains of a few hundred microns. This research reveals three distinct stages that affect the grain size, while UST is applied during melting and solidification. Stage I applied well above the liquidus temperature improves the efficiency of the refiner, possibly by de‐agglomeration and wetting of TiB2 particles, and their distribution throughout the melt by acoustic streaming. Stage I is followed by Stage II, where little further improvement occurs. Stage III causes additional grain refinement when applied at and below the liquidus temperature, where nucleation of grains maybe enhanced by cavitation, which can also facilitate fragmentation and detachment of grains formed on the sonotrode. Convection due to acoustic streaming creates a uniformly undercooled temperature in the melt, which ensures the survival of these new grains during transport, as well as assisting the transport of grains to produce a uniform fine grain size throughout the ingot.
Tunable Gas Sensing Gels by Cooperative Assembly
Authors: Hussain Abid , Semeano Ana T. S. , Palma Susana I. C. J. , Pina Ana S. , Almeida José , Medrado Bárbara F. , Pádua Ana C. C. S. , Carvalho Ana L. , Dionísio Madalena , Li Rosamaria W. C. , Gamboa Hugo , Ulijn Rein V. , Gruber Jonas , Roque Ana C. A.
Published: May 2017

The cooperative assembly of biopolymers and small molecules can yield functional materials with precisely tunable properties. Here, the fabrication, characterization, and use of multicomponent hybrid gels as selective gas sensors are reported. The gels are composed of liquid crystal droplets self‐assembled in the presence of ionic liquids, which further coassemble with biopolymers to form stable matrices. Each individual component can be varied and acts cooperatively to tune gels' structure and function. The unique molecular environment in hybrid gels is explored for supramolecular recognition of volatile compounds. Gels with distinct compositions are used as optical and electrical gas sensors, yielding a combinatorial response conceptually mimicking olfactory biological systems, and tested to distinguish volatile organic compounds and to quantify ethanol in automotive fuel. The gel response is rapid, reversible, and reproducible. These robust, versatile, modular, pliant electro‐optical soft materials possess new possibilities in sensing triggered by chemical and physical stimuli.
Wafer‐Scale Single‐Crystalline Ferroelectric Perovskite Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Kang Min Gyu , Lee Seul‐Yi , Maurya Deepam , Winkler Christopher , Song Hyun‐Cheol , Moore Robert B. , Sanghadasa Mohan , Priya Shashank
Published: May 2017

1D ferroelectric nanostructures are promising for enhanced ferroelectric and piezoelectric performance on the nanoscale, however, their synthesis at the wafer scale using industrially compatible processes is challenging. In order to advance the nanostructure‐based electronics, it is imperative to develop a silicon‐compatible growth technique yielding high volumetric density and an ordered arrangement. Here, a major breakthrough is provided in addressing this need and ordered and close‐packed single crystalline ferroelectric nanorod arrays, of composition PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT), grown on commercial grade 3 in. silicon wafer are demonstrated. PZT nanorods exhibit enhanced piezoelectric and ferroelectric performance compared to thin films of similar dimensions. Sandwich structured architecture utilizing 1D PZT nanorod arrays and 2D reduced graphene oxide thin film electrodes is fabricated to provide electrical connection. Combined, these results offer a clear pathway toward integration of ferroelectric nanodevices with commercial silicon electronics.
Artificial Acousto‐Magnetic Soft Microswimmers
Authors: Ahmed Daniel , Dillinger Cornel , Hong Ayoung , Nelson Bradley J.
Published: May 2017

Soft microswimmers capable of controlled motion at the microscale create new opportunities for particle manipulation, precise assembly of materials, targeted drug delivery, and noninvasive microsurgery. This study describes a hybrid microswimmer that uses a combination of acoustic and magnetic fields to demonstrate effective maneuverability. The soft microswimmer contains one or more microcavities at the center of its body and superparamagnetic particles within its polymer matrix. The microcavity supports an air bubble trap, which, when acoustically activated, produces a bubble oscillation that results in propulsion. The magnetic particles that are aligned in the form of chains ensure controlled motion in an external magnetic field. Utilizing both fields allows a swimmer to navigate at a relatively large propulsive force with precise maneuvering capabilities.
Molding Optical Waveguides with Nematicons
Authors: Karimi Nazanin , Virkki Matti , Alberucci Alessandro , Buchnev Oleksandr , Kauranen Martti , Priimagi Arri , Assanto Gaetano
Published: May 2017

Optical waveguides are usually fabricated by top‐down methods. Hereby, this study demonstrates a bottom‐up approach based on nonlinear optics in reorientational nematic liquid crystals with polymerizable materials. Near‐infrared optical spatial solitons—nematicons—in conjunction with UV exposure are employed in order to achieve (i) real‐time signal waveguiding for point‐to‐point beam‐induced interconnects by effectively quenching the fluctuations of nematicon trajectories through polymer stabilization; (ii) the molding of permanent channel waveguides in a crosslinked polymer network, so that they persist after turning off the soliton beam and confine signals of various wavelengths and intensities. These findings introduce a novel, highly versatile platform and a wealth of possibilities for guided‐wave photonics, signal addressing, and processing in liquid crystalline soft matter.
Prospective Randomized Crossover Study of Telesimulation Versus Standard Simulation for Teaching Medical Students the Management of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: McCoy C. Eric , Sayegh Julie , Rahman Asif , Landgorf Mark , Anderson Craig , Lotfipour Shahram
Published: May 2017

Objective

The objective was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of telesimulation versus standard simulation in teaching medical students the management of critically ill patients

Methods

Prospective, randomized crossover study of 32 fourth‐year medical students at a university medical simulation center. Students were randomized to the standard simulation (SIM) or telesimulation (TeleSIM) group between September 2014 and February 2015. The SIM group experience included participating in a live, fully immersive simulation case followed by debriefing with their SIM cohort and a live TV Internet connection to the TeleSIM group. The TeleSIM group experience included remotely observing the live simulation case at an off‐site location, followed by a shared group debriefing via live TV Internet connection. Subject assessment was performed with a written evaluation tool. During a second instructional session, the students crossed over and participated in a different simulation scenario and assessment. Mean evaluation scores were calculated along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were analyzed via linear regression. Our secondary outcome was a survey evaluating the perceptions and attitudes held between the two simulation modalities.

Results

Of 33 eligible students, 32 participated in the study (97.0%). We found no significant difference in the mean evaluation scores of the two groups: SIM group mean = 96.6% (95% CI = 94.5%–98.6%) and TeleSIM group mean = 96.8% (95% CI = 94.8%–98.9%). We also found no significant difference in the favorability of teaching modality (TeleSIM vs. SIM) on the survey.

Conclusion

In our prospective randomized crossover study evaluating telesimulation versus standard simulation, we found no significant difference in evaluation scores among the two groups. There was also no significant difference found in the favorability of one teaching modality on a posteducational session survey. Our data support and highlight the capability of telesimulation to provide educational benefit to learners who do not have direct access to simulation resources.
A genome‐wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage scan of NEO personality factors in Latino families segregating bipolar disorder
Authors: Lee Byung Dae , Gonzalez Suzanne , Villa Erika , Camarillo Cynthia , Rodriguez Marco , Yao Yin , Guo Wei , Flores Deborah , Jerez Alvaro , Raventos Henriette , Ontiveros Alfonso , Nicolini Humberto , Escamilla Michael
Published: May 2017

Personality traits have been suggested as potential endophenotypes for Bipolar Disorder (BP), as they can be quantitatively measured and show correlations with BP. The present study utilized data from 2,745 individuals from 686 extended pedigrees originally ascertained for having multiplex cases of BP (963 cases of BPI or schizoaffective BP). Subjects were assessed with the NEO Personality Inventory, Revised (NEO PI‐R) and genotyped using the Illumina HumanLinkage‐24 Bead Chip, with an average genetic coverage of 0.67 cM. Two point linkage scores were calculated for each trait as a quantitative variable using SOLAR (Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines). Suggestive evidence for linkage was found for neuroticism at 1q32.1 (LOD = 2.52), 6q23.3 (2.32), 16p12 (2.79), extraversion at 4p15.3 (2.33), agreeableness at 4q31.1 (2.37), 5q34 (2.80), 7q31.1 (2.56), 16q22 (2.52), and conscientiousness at 4q31.1 (2.50). Each of the above traits have been shown to be correlated with the broad BP phenotype in this same sample. In addition, for the trait of openness, we found significant evidence of linkage to chromosome 3p24.3 (rs336610, LOD = 4.75) and suggestive evidence at 1q43 (2.74), 5q35.1 (3.03), 11q14.3 (2.61), 11q21 (2.30), and 19q13.1 (2.52). These findings support previous linkage findings of the openness trait to chromosome 19q13 and the agreeableness trait to 4q31 and identify a number of new loci for personality endophenotypes related to bipolar disorder.
Reentrant Phase Transition Drives Dynamic Substructure Formation in Ribonucleoprotein Droplets
Authors: Banerjee Priya R. , Milin Anthony N. , Moosa Mahdi Muhammad , Onuchic Paulo L. , Deniz Ashok A.
Published: May 2017

Intracellular ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are membrane‐less droplet organelles that are thought to regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. While liquid–liquid phase separation may drive RNP granule assembly, the mechanisms underlying their supramolecular dynamics and internal organization remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that RNA, a primary component of RNP granules, can modulate the phase behavior of RNPs by controlling both droplet assembly and dissolution in vitro. Monotonically increasing the RNA concentration initially leads to droplet assembly by complex coacervation and subsequently triggers an RNP charge inversion, which promotes disassembly. This RNA‐mediated reentrant phase transition can drive the formation of dynamic droplet substructures (vacuoles) with tunable lifetimes. We propose that active cellular processes that can create an influx of RNA into RNP granules, such as transcription, can spatiotemporally control the organization and dynamics of such liquid‐like organelles.
Synthesis, Solid‐State Structure, and Bonding Analysis of a Homoleptic Beryllium Azide
Authors: Naglav Dominik , Tobey Briac , Lyhs Benjamin , Römer Beate , Bläser Dieter , Wölper Christoph , Jansen Georg , Schulz Stephan
Published: May 2017

[Ph4P]2[Be(N3)4] (1) and [PNP]2[Be(N3)4] (2; PNP=Ph3PNPPh3) were synthesized by reacting Be(N3)2 with [Ph4P]N3 and [PNP]N3. Compound 1 represents the first structurally characterized homoleptic beryllium azide. The electronic structure and bonding situation in the tetraazidoberyllate dianion [Be(N3)4]2− were investigated by quantum‐chemical calculations (NPA, ELF, LOL).
Isomerization, Ring Expansion, and Ring Contraction of 1,3‐Diphosphete Complexes
Authors: Rummel Eva‐Maria , Balázs Gábor , Heinl Veronika , Scheer Manfred
Published: May 2017

Reactions between the 1,3‐diphosphete complex [Cp′′′Co(η4‐P2C2tBu2)] (1) and Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (Ag[pftb]) were carried out under different conditions. In CH2Cl2, the unprecedented 1,2‐diphosphete isomerization product [Ag2{Cp′′′Co(μ,η4:η1:η1‐1,2‐P2C2tBu2)}2{Cp′′′Co(μ,η4:η1‐1,2‐P2C2tBu2)}2]⋅2[pftb] (2) could be isolated. In diffusion experiments of 1 in n‐hexane with Ag[pftb] in CH2Cl2, the triphosphacobaltocenium complex [Cp′′′Co(η5‐P3C2tBu2)][pftb] (4) and the phosphirenylium complex [Cp′′′Co(η3‐PC2tBu2)][pftb] (5) were obtained, showing a ring expansion and a ring contraction, respectively, under mild conditions. Moreover, addition of pyridine to the Ag complex 2 led to the new 1,2‐diphosphete complex [Cp′′′Co(η4‐1,2‐P2C2tBu2)] (3). Compound 3 is also formed by thermolysis of 1, making it a promising method for this type of isomerization. 1,2‐Diphosphete complexes like 3 are thermodynamically more stable but also synthetically more elusive than their 1,3‐isomer counterparts.
Large Stokes Shift Ionic‐Liquid Dye
Authors: Schmode Stella , Petrosyan Andranik , Fennel Franziska , Villinger Alexander , Lochbrunner Stefan , Ludwig Ralf
Published: May 2017

We have incorporated the dye N‐methyl‐6‐oxyquinolone [6MQz] in its protonated form as a cation into an ionic liquid (IL) and thus to synthesize an IL dye. The IL dye N‐methyl‐6‐hydroxyquinolinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [6MQc][NTf2] was characterized by NMR, ATR IR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The fluorescence of the IL dye has a large Stokes shift of Δλ=116 nm and a quantum yield of φF=0.56 in acetonitrile. Characteristic solvent dependent shifts can be detected in the emission spectra. In other ILs, acetonitrile and THF we observe a bathochromic shift of up to 28 nm compared to the pure IL dye at 467 nm. For stronger polar solvents the fluorescence signals are strongly red‐shifted to 650 nm indicating proton transfer to the solvent molecules in the excited state. This underlines the importance of the IL building block [MQc]+ as photo acid.
Tetranitromethane: A Nightmare of Molecular Flexibility in the Gaseous and Solid States
Authors: Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Tikhonov Denis S. , Schwabedissen Jan , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Moll Richard , Krumm Burkhard , Klapötke Thomas M. , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: May 2017

After numerous attempts over the last seven decades to obtain a structure for the simple, highly symmetric molecule tetranitromethane (C(NO2)4, TNM) that is consistent with results from diffraction experiments and spectroscopic analysis, the structure has now been determined in the gas phase and the solid state. For the gas phase, a new approach based on a four‐dimensional dynamic model for describing the correlated torsional dynamics of the four C−NO2 units was necessary to describe the experimental gas‐phase electron diffraction intensities. A model describing a highly disordered high‐temperature crystalline phase was also established, and the structure of an ordered low‐temperature phase was determined by X‐ray diffraction. TNM is a prime example of molecular flexibility, bringing structural methods to the limits of their applicability.
Reaction Acceleration in Thin Films with Continuous Product Deposition for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wei Zhenwei , Wleklinski Michael , Ferreira Christina , Cooks R. Graham
Published: May 2017

Thin film formats are used to study the Claisen–Schmidt base‐catalyzed condensation of 6‐hydroxy‐1‐indanone with substituted benzaldehydes and to compare the reaction acceleration relative to the bulk. Relative acceleration factors initially exceeded 103 and were on the order of 102 at steady state, although the confined volume reaction was not electrostatically driven. Substituent effects were muted compared to those in the corresponding bulk and microdroplet reactions and it is concluded that the rate‐limiting step at steady state is reagent transport to the interface. Conditions were found that allowed product deposition from the thin film to occur continuously as the reaction mixture was added and as the solvent evaporated. Yields of 74 % and production rates of 98 mg h−1 were reached in a very simple experimental system that could be multiplexed to greater scales.
Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on different PGMA‐based polymeric microspheres using response surface methodology: Optimization of conditions
Authors: Vera Myleidi , Rivas Bernabé L.
Published: May 2017

Enzymatic immobilization is a versatile alternative to improve enzyme stability and enable its reuse. In this study, the change in the immobilized enzyme properties due to the type of functional group on the carrier was evaluated. For that, monodisperse polymeric microspheres with two functional groups widely used in laccase immobilization—oxirane [poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA)] and hydrazide—were synthesized by dispersion polymerization to covalently immobilize the laccase Trametes versicolor. Using a response surface methodology, laccase immobilization was optimized for each microsphere type. As a result, laccase immobilization on PGMA carriers appears to broaden the pH and temperature ranges, storage stability, and reusability compared to free and hydrazide enzymes. These aforementioned characteristics indicate that PGMA microspheres could act as an ideal support for enzyme immobilization in biotechnological applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45249.