bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation, Validation, and Reliability of the Dutch Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument Computer Adaptive Test
Authors: Arensman Remco M. , Pisters Martijn F. , de Man-van Ginkel Janneke M. , Schuurmans Marieke J. , Jette Alan M. , de Bie Rob A.
Published: March 2016

Background

Adequate and user-friendly instruments for assessing physical function and disability in older adults are vital for estimating and predicting health care needs in clinical practice. The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument Computer Adaptive Test (LLFDI-CAT) is a promising instrument for assessing physical function and disability in gerontology research and clinical practice.

Objective

The aims of this study were: (1) to translate the LLFDI-CAT to the Dutch language and (2) to investigate its validity and reliability in a sample of older adults who spoke Dutch and dwelled in the community.

Design

For the assessment of validity of the LLFDI-CAT, a cross-sectional design was used. To assess reliability, measurement of the LLFDI-CAT was repeated in the same sample.

Methods

The item bank of the LLFDI-CAT was translated with a forward-backward procedure. A sample of 54 older adults completed the LLFDI-CAT, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, RAND 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical functioning scale (10 items), and 10-Meter Walk Test. The LLFDI-CAT was repeated in 2 to 8 days (mean=4.5 days). Pearson's r and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,1) were calculated to assess validity, group-level reliability, and participant-level reliability.

Results

A correlation of .74 for the LLFDI-CAT function scale and the RAND 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical functioning scale (10 items) was found. The correlations of the LLFDI-CAT disability scale with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and the 10-Meter Walk Test were −.57 and −.53, respectively. The ICC (2,1) of the LLFDI-CAT function scale was .84, with a group-level reliability score of .85. The ICC (2,1) of the LLFDI-CAT disability scale was .76, with a group-level reliability score of .81.

Limitations

The high percentage of women in the study and the exclusion of older adults with recent joint replacement or hospitalization limit the generalizability of the results.

Conclusions

The Dutch LLFDI-CAT showed strong validity and high reliability when used to assess physical function and disability in older adults dwelling in the community.
EGR1, EGFR and IGF1R protein expressions in non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical significances
Authors: Yu Dujuan , Tan Ping , Yu Min , Shi Shaomin , Wang Xue
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinical significance of alterations in EGFR, IGF1R and the cell signaling pathway activities induced by them, as well as EGR1 expression in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The protein expressions of  biomarker were evaluated by Western blotting in tissues from 19 surgically resected NSCLCs. High expressions of EGR1, EGFR and  IGF1R were detected in more than 30% tumor tissues. High expressions of pErk and pAkt were detected in more than 50% paracancer tissues. There were significant correlations between the NSCLC target factors detected (p<0.05). Alterations of protein expressions of target factor detected in NSCLC were significantly associated with alterations in pathological subtype, differentiation, pathological stage, and smoking history. Positive EGR1 might be  associated with good survival, while positive pErk might be associated with poor prognosis.
Mindset and Guidelines: Insights to Enhance Collaborative, Campus-wide, Cross-sectoral Digital Humanities Initiatives
Authors: Gaffield Chad
Published: March 2016

At the heart of the emergence and development of the Digital Humanities has been the potential to move beyond the out-dated epistemological and metaphysical dichotomies of the later 20th century including quantitative-qualitative, pure-applied, and campus-community. Despite significant steps forward, this potential has been only partially realized as illustrated by DH pioneer Edward L. Ayers’ recent question, ‘Does Digital Scholarship have a future?’

As a way to think through current challenges and opportunities, this paper reflects on the building and initial use of the Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI). As one of the largest projects in the history of the social sciences and humanities, CCRI enables research on the making of modern Canada by offering complex databases that cover the first half of the twentieth century. Built by scholars from multiple disciplines from coast-to-coast and in collaboration with government agencies and the private sector, CCRI team members came to grips with key DH questions especially those faced by interdisciplinary, multi-institutional, cross-sectoral and internationally-connected initiatives. Thinking through this experience does not generate simple recipes or lessons-learned but does offer promising practices as well as new questions for future scholarly consideration.
Medieval Music in Linked Open Data: A Case Study on Linking Medieval Motets
Authors: Rose-Steel Tamsyn , Turnator Ece
Published: March 2016

In Fall 2013, the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR), funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, engaged five postdoctoral fellows placed in five different institutions to explore issues related to data curation for medieval studies. In May 2015, these fellows convened a two-day workshop on the sharing and publishing of Linked Open Data (LOD). Funded by a CLIR/Mellon microgrant, the workshop brought together librarians, technologists, and scholars to brainstorm on the challenges posed to medievalists in sharing data on digital platforms. 2 The workshop offered a forum in which to discuss the complexity of medieval data and the challenges of sharing and publishing it. It enabled participants to appreciate LOD's potential to express complicated data sets in our area of study and aid the navigation of those data sets, as well as understand how LOD can facilitate scholars to share and publish research outcomes more effectively.

In this article, we take the lessons learned from the workshop and apply them to a set of complex data: 13th-century French motets, short pieces of music usually consisting of three lines and incorporating manifold connections and references. Following an outline of LOD, a detailed explanation of the motet and the manner of its composition will set the scene for elucidating the levels of complexity to be found in motet metadata, and hence why the LOD model can aid us in negotiating the data. We will then demonstrate an effective application of LOD by proposing a proof-of-concept system for organizing a select set of motets.
Semi-supervised Textual Analysis and Historical Research Helping Each Other: Some Thoughts and Observations
Authors: Nanni Federico , Kümper Hiram , Ponzetto Simone Paolo
Published: March 2016

Future historians will describe the rise of the World Wide Web as the turning point of their academic profession. As a matter of fact, thanks to an unprecedented amount of digitization projects and to the preservation of born-digital sources, for the first time they have at their disposal a gigantic collection of traces of our past. However, to understand trends and obtain useful insights from these very large amounts of data, historians will need more and more fine-grained techniques. This will be especially true if their objective will turn to hypothesis-testing studies, in order to build arguments by employing their deep in-domain expertise.

For this reason, we focus our paper on a set of computational techniques, namely semi-supervised computational methods, which could potentially provide us with a methodological turning point for this change. As a matter of fact these approaches, due to their potential of affirming themselves as both knowledge and data driven at the same time, could become a solid alternative to some of the today most employed unsupervised techniques.

However, historians who intend to employ them as evidences for supporting a claim, have to use computational methods not anymore as black boxes but as a series of well known methodological approaches. For this reason, we believe that if developing computational skills will be important for them, a solid background knowledge on the most important data analysis and results evaluation procedures will become far more capital.
Antioxidant Capacities of Hot Water Extracts and Endopolysaccharides of Selected Chinese Medicinal Fruits
Authors: Jeong Sang , Tulasi Ratna , Koyyalamudi Sundar
Published: March 2016

Fruits are a rich source of antioxidants and traditional Chinese fruits have been studied for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against cancers and other diseases. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of eleven Chinese fruits extracts were determined. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated by both the Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride methods. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by four assays: a biological assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DPPH radical scavenging activity, chelating ability for ferrous ions and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The phenols and flavonoids contents of the hot water extracts were in the range of 17.7 to 94.7 mg/g and 12.3 to 295.4 mg/g, whereas the endopolysaccharides lie in the range of 4.5 to 77.4 mg/g and 22.7 to 230.0 mg/g. Significant amounts of phenols and flavonoids were present in the majority of the fruit extracts and showed strong antioxidant activities. The antioxidant properties of the fruit extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida, Illicium verum, Ligustrum lucidum, Momordica grosvenori and Psoralea corylifolia as determined by the DPPH and FRAP methods, were significant compared to other fruit extracts. In the present study, we found that significant amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were present in these fruit extracts and may contribute to in vitro antioxidant activities.
Mortality during a Large-Scale Heat Wave by Place, Demographic Group, Internal and External Causes of Death, and Building Climate Zone
Authors: Joe Lauren , Hoshiko Sumi , Dobraca Dina , Jackson Rebecca , Smorodinsky Svetlana , Smith Daniel , Harnly Martha
Published: March 2016

Mortality increases during periods of elevated heat. Identification of vulnerable subgroups by demographics, causes of death, and geographic regions, including deaths occurring at home, is needed to inform public health prevention efforts. We calculated mortality relative risks (RRs) and excess deaths associated with a large-scale California heat wave in 2006, comparing deaths during the heat wave with reference days. For total (all-place) and at-home mortality, we examined risks by demographic factors, internal and external causes of death, and building climate zones. During the heat wave, 582 excess deaths occurred, a 5% increase over expected (RR = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.08). Sixty-six percent of excess deaths were at home (RR = 1.12, CI 1.07–1.16). Total mortality risk was higher among those aged 35–44 years than ≥65, and among Hispanics than whites. Deaths from external causes increased more sharply (RR = 1.18, CI 1.10–1.27) than from internal causes (RR = 1.04, CI 1.02–1.07). Geographically, risk varied by building climate zone; the highest risks of at-home death occurred in the northernmost coastal zone (RR = 1.58, CI 1.01–2.48) and the southernmost zone of California’s Central Valley (RR = 1.43, CI 1.21–1.68). Heat wave mortality risk varied across subpopulations, and some patterns of vulnerability differed from those previously identified. Public health efforts should also address at-home mortality, non-elderly adults, external causes, and at-risk geographic regions.
Biodegradation of Phenol by Bacteria Strain Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus PA Isolated from Phenolic Wastewater
Authors: Liu Zhenghui , Xie Wenyu , Li Dehao , Peng Yang , Li Zesheng , Liu Shusi
Published: March 2016

A phenol-degrading bacterium strain PA was successfully isolated from the effluent of petrochemical wastewater. Based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strain PA was characterized as a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, nonmotile and short rod-shaped bacterium that utilizes phenol as a sole carbon and energy source. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that this strain is affiliated to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in the group of Gammaproteobacteria. The strain was efficient in removing 91.6% of the initial 800 mg∙L−1 phenol within 48 h, and had a tolerance of phenol concentration as high as 1700 mg∙L−1. These results indicated that A. calcoaceticus possesses a promising potential in treating phenolic wastewater.
Meta-Analysis of Cardiac Mortality in Three Cohorts of Carbon Black Production Workers
Authors: Morfeld Peter , Mundt Kenneth , Dell Linda , Sorahan Tom , McCunney Robert
Published: March 2016

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between airborne environmental particle exposure and cardiac disease and mortality; however, few have examined such effects from poorly soluble particles of low toxicity such as manufactured carbon black (CB) particles in the work place. We combined standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and Cox proportional hazards results from cohort studies of US, UK and German CB production workers. Under a common protocol, we analysed mortality from all causes, heart disease (HD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Fixed and random effects (RE) meta-regression models were fit for employment duration, and for overall cumulative and lugged quantitative CB exposure estimates. Full cohort meta-SMRs (RE) were 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.29) for HD; 1.02 (95% CI 0.80–1.30) for IHD, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.74–1.59) for AMI mortality. For all three outcomes, meta-SMRs were heterogeneous, increased with time since first and time since last exposure, and peaked after 25–29 or 10–14 years, respectively. Meta-Cox coefficients showed no association with lugged duration of exposure. A small but imprecise increased AMI mortality risk was suggested for cumulative exposure (RE-hazards ratio (HR) = 1.10 per 100 mg/m3-years; 95% CI 0.92–1.31), but not for lugged exposures. Our results do not demonstrate that airborne CB exposure increases all-cause or cardiac disease mortality.
Spinal Cord T-Cell Infiltration in the Rat Spared Nerve Injury Model: A Time Course Study
Authors: Gattlen Christophe , Clarke Christine , Piller Nicolas , Kirschmann Guylène , Pertin Marie , Decosterd Isabelle , Gosselin Romain-Daniel , Suter Marc
Published: March 2016

The immune system is involved in the development of neuropathic pain. In particular, the infiltration of T-lymphocytes into the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury has been described as a contributor to sensory hypersensitivity. We used the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain in Sprague Dawley adult male rats to assess proliferation, and/or protein/gene expression levels for microglia (Iba1), T-lymphocytes (CD2) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8). In the dorsal horn ipsilateral to SNI, Iba1 and BrdU stainings revealed microglial reactivity and proliferation, respectively, with different durations. Iba1 expression peaked at D4 and D7 at the mRNA and protein level, respectively, and was long-lasting. Proliferation occurred almost exclusively in Iba1 positive cells and peaked at D2. Gene expression observation by RT-qPCR array suggested that T-lymphocytes attracting chemokines were upregulated after SNI in rat spinal cord but only a few CD2/CD8 positive cells were found. A pronounced infiltration of CD2/CD8 positive T-cells was seen in the spinal cord injury (SCI) model used as a positive control for lymphocyte infiltration. Under these experimental conditions, we show early and long-lasting microglia reactivity in the spinal cord after SNI, but no lymphocyte infiltration was found.
Influence of Specimen Preparation and Test Methods on the Flexural Strength Results of Monolithic Zirconia Materials
Authors: Schatz Christine , Strickstrock Monika , Roos Malgorzata , Edelhoff Daniel , Eichberger Marlis , Zylla Isabella-Maria , Stawarczyk Bogna
Published: March 2016

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of specimen preparation and test method on the flexural strength results of monolithic zirconia. Different monolithic zirconia materials (Ceramill Zolid (Amann Girrbach, Koblach, Austria), Zenostar ZrTranslucent (Wieland Dental, Pforzheim, Germany), and DD Bio zx2 (Dental Direkt, Spenge, Germany)) were tested with three different methods: 3-point, 4-point, and biaxial flexural strength. Additionally, different specimen preparation methods were applied: either dry polishing before sintering or wet polishing after sintering. Each subgroup included 40 specimens. The surface roughness was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a profilometer whereas monoclinic phase transformation was investigated with X-ray diffraction. The data were analyzed using a three-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with respect to the three factors: zirconia, specimen preparation, and test method. One-way ANOVA was conducted for the test method and zirconia factors within the combination of two other factors. A 2-parameter Weibull distribution assumption was applied to analyze the reliability under different testing conditions. In general, values measured using the 4-point test method presented the lowest flexural strength values. The flexural strength findings can be grouped in the following order: 4-point < 3-point < biaxial. Specimens prepared after sintering showed significantly higher flexural strength values than prepared before sintering. The Weibull moduli ranged from 5.1 to 16.5. Specimens polished before sintering showed higher surface roughness values than specimens polished after sintering. In contrast, no strong impact of the polishing procedures on the monoclinic surface layer was observed. No impact of zirconia material on flexural strength was found. The test method and the preparation method significantly influenced the flexural strength values.
Hydrazonoyl Chlorides as Precursors for Synthesis of Novel Bis-Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Kheder Nabila
Published: March 2016

A convenient synthesis of some novel bis-pyrrole derivatives via hydrazonoyl halides is described. Antimicrobial evaluation of some selected examples of the synthesized products was carried out. The bis-pyrrole derivative having chloro substituents showed good activity against all of the used microbes. The molecular docking of the bis-pyrrole derivatives was performed by the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) program.
Synthesis and Selective Cytotoxic Activities on Rhabdomyosarcoma and Noncancerous Cells of Some Heterocyclic Chalcones
Authors: Do Tuong-Ha , Nguyen Dai-Minh , Truong Van-Dat , Do Thi-Hong-Tuoi , Le Minh-Tri , Pham Thanh-Quan , Thai Khac-Minh , Tran Thanh-Dao
Published: March 2016

Chemically diverse heterocyclic chalcones were prepared and evaluated for cytotoxicity, aiming to push forward potency and selectivity. They were tested against rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and noncancerous cell line (LLC-PK1). The influence of heteroaryl patterns on rings A and B was studied. Heterocycle functionalities on both rings, such as phenothiazine, thiophene, furan and pyridine were evaluated. Notably, the introduction of three methoxy groups at positions 3, 4, 5 on ring B appears to be critical for cytotoxicity. The best compound, with potent and selective cytotoxicity (IC50 = 12.51 μM in comparison with the value 10.84 μM of paclitaxel), contains a phenothiazine moiety on ring A and a thiophene heterocycle on ring B. Most of the potential compounds only show weak cytoxicity on the noncancerous cell line LLC-PK1.
High Refractive Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Films Prepared by Low Water Sol-Gel and UV-Irradiation Processes
Authors: Ma Hsiao-Yuan , Wang Tzong-Liu , Chang Pei-Yu , Yang Chien-Hsin
Published: March 2016

Organic-inorganic hybrid sols (Ti–O–Si precursor) were first synthesized by the sol-gel method at low addition of water, and were then employed to prepare a highly refractive hybrid optical film. This film was obtained by blending the Ti–O–Si precursor with 2-phenylphenoxyethyl acrylate (OPPEA) to perform photo-polymerization by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Results show that the film transparency of poly(Ti–O–Si precursor-co-OPPEA) film is higher than that of a pure poly(Ti–O–Si precursor) film, and that this poly(Ti–O–Si precursor-co-OPPEA) hybrid film exhibits a high transparency of ~93.7% coupled with a high refractive index (n) of 1.83 corresponding to a thickness of 2.59 μm.
Estimating Clothing Thermal Insulation Using an Infrared Camera
Authors: Lee Jeong-Hoon , Kim Young-Keun , Kim Kyung-Soo , Kim Soohyun
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a novel algorithm for estimating clothing insulation is proposed to assess thermal comfort, based on the non-contact and real-time measurements of the face and clothing temperatures by an infrared camera. The proposed method can accurately measure the clothing insulation of various garments under different clothing fit and sitting postures. The proposed estimation method is investigated to be effective to measure its clothing insulation significantly in different seasonal clothing conditions using a paired t-test in 99% confidence interval. Temperatures simulated with the proposed estimated insulation value show closer to the values of actual temperature than those with individual clothing insulation values. Upper clothing’s temperature is more accurate within 3% error and lower clothing’s temperature is more accurate by 3.7%~6.2% error in indoor working scenarios. The proposed algorithm can reflect the effect of air layer which makes insulation different in the calculation to estimate clothing insulation using the temperature of the face and clothing. In future, the proposed method is expected to be applied to evaluate the customized passenger comfort effectively.
Standalone GPS L1 C/A Receiver for Lunar Missions
Authors: Capuano Vincenzo , Blunt Paul , Botteron Cyril , Tian Jia , Leclère Jérôme , Wang Yanguang , Basile Francesco , Farine Pierre-André
Published: March 2016

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) were originally introduced to provide positioning and timing services for terrestrial Earth users. However, space users increasingly rely on GNSS for spacecraft navigation and other science applications at several different altitudes from the Earth surface, in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), and feasibility studies have proved that GNSS signals can even be tracked at Moon altitude. Despite this, space remains a challenging operational environment, particularly on the way from the Earth to the Moon, characterized by weaker signals with wider gain variability, larger dynamic ranges resulting in higher Doppler and Doppler rates and critically low satellite signal availability. Following our previous studies, this paper describes the proof of concept “WeakHEO” receiver; a GPS L1 C/A receiver we developed in our laboratory specifically for lunar missions. The paper also assesses the performance of the receiver in two representative portions of an Earth Moon Transfer Orbit (MTO). The receiver was connected to our GNSS Spirent simulator in order to collect real-time hardware-in-the-loop observations, and then processed by the navigation module. This demonstrates the feasibility, using current technology, of effectively exploiting GNSS signals for navigation in a MTO.
A Dynamic Instrumentation Amplifier for Low-Power and Low-Noise Biopotential Acquisition
Authors: Kim Jongpal , Ko Hyoungho
Published: March 2016

A low-power and low-noise dynamic instrumentation amplifier (IA) for biopotential acquisition is presented. A dynamic IA that can reduce power consumption with a timely piecewise power-gating method, and noise level with an alternating input and chopper stabilization technique is fabricated with a 0.13-μm CMOS. Using the reconfigurable architecture of the IA, various combinations of the low-noise schemes are investigated. The combination of power gating and chopper stabilization shows a lower noise performance than the combination of power gating and alternating input switching scheme. This dynamic IA achieved a power reduction level of 50% from 10 µA to 5 µA and a noise reduction of 90% from 9.1 µVrms to 0.92 µVrms with the combination of the power gating and chopper stabilization scheme.
The Linguistic Competence of the Teacherof the Higher School
Authors: Celiešienė Vilija
Published: March 2016

This publication provides an analysis of linguistic expression of scientific ideas by professors teaching different specialties at universities of a technical profile (Kaunas University of Technology and Vilnius Gediminas Technical University). The purpose of the investigation is to analyze peculiarities in the linguistic expression of scientific ideas by professors teaching specialty at the universities of a technical profile and its educational effect on the students’ language. The object of the study: language of the professors as an educational factor. The investigational object is analyzed from the aspect of the students’ attitude. Methods of the study: poll in the form of questionnaires and statistical analysis. In total, 622 students studying in the 1st year of undergraduate studies and those pursuing postgraduate studies for a Master’s degree were questioned: 390 from Kaunas University of Technology and 232 from Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. After generalization of the analysis results of the linguistic expression of scientific ideas by professors teaching specialty, it is obvious that the linguistic competence of the professors teaching specialty is an insufficiently effective linguistic factor. In addition, it became clear that linguistic abilities of the professors teaching specialty influenced the students’ attitude to the academic linguistic environment, the respondents’ interest in publications about language culture and terminology and affected the progress in studies of language culture. After summing up of the investigational results pertaining to the personality and the educational abilities of a professor of language culture, it is possible to assert that the respondents consider the professional competence and the high requirement level for the own language as the main criteria for a professor of language culture.
G11.2−0.3: THE YOUNG REMNANT OF A STRIPPED-ENVELOPE SUPERNOVA
Authors: Borkowski Kazimierz J. , Reynolds Stephen P. , Roberts Mallory S. E.
Published: March 2016

We present results of a 400 ks Chandra observation of the young shell supernova remnant (SNR) G11.2−0.3, containing a pulsar and pulsar-wind nebula (PWN). We measure a mean expansion rate for the shell since 2000 of 0.0277 ± 0.0018% yr−1, implying an age between 1400 and 2400 yr, and making G11.2−0.3 one of the youngest core-collapse SNRs in the Galaxy. However, we find very high absorption (A

V
 ∼ 16
m
 ± 2
m
), confirming near-IR determinations and ruling out a claimed association with the possible historical SN of 386 CE. The PWN shows strong jets and a faint torus within a larger, more diffuse region of radio emission and nonthermal X-rays. Central soft thermal X-ray emission is anticorrelated with the PWN; that, and more detailed morphological evidence, indicates that the reverse shock has already reheated all ejecta and compressed the PWN. The pulsar characteristic energy-loss timescale is well in excess of the remnant age, and we suggest that the bright jets have been produced since the recompression. The relatively pronounced shell and diffuse hard X-ray emission in the interior, enhanced at the inner edge of the shell, indicate that the immediate circumstellar medium into which G11.2−0.3 is expanding was quite anisotropic. We propose a possible origin for G11.2−0.3 in a stripped-envelope progenitor that had lost almost all its envelope mass, in an anisotropic wind or due to binary interaction, leaving a compact core whose fast winds swept previously lost mass into a dense irregular shell, and which exploded as a SN cIIb or Ibc.
THERMODYNAMIC SPECTRUM OF SOLAR FLARES BASED ON SDO/EVE OBSERVATIONS: TECHNIQUES AND FIRST RESULTS
Authors: Wang Yuming , Zhou Zhenjun , Zhang Jie , Liu Kai , Liu Rui , Shen Chenglong , Chamberlin Phillip C.
Published: March 2016

The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) provides rich information on the thermodynamic processes of solar activities, particularly on solar flares. Here, we develop a method to construct thermodynamic spectrum (TDS) charts based on the EVE spectral lines. This tool could potentially be useful for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) astronomy to learn about the eruptive activities on distant astronomical objects. Through several cases, we illustrate what we can learn from the TDS charts. Furthermore, we apply the TDS method to 74 flares equal to or greater than the M5.0 class, and reach the following statistical results. First, EUV peaks are always behind the soft X-ray (SXR) peaks and stronger flares tend to have faster cooling rates. There is a power-law correlation between the peak delay times and the cooling rates, suggesting a coherent cooling process of flares from SXR to EUV emissions. Second, there are two distinct temperature drift patterns, called Type I and Type II. For Type I flares, the enhanced emission drifts from high to low temperature like a quadrilateral, whereas for Type II flares the drift pattern looks like a triangle. Statistical analysis suggests that Type II flares are more impulsive than Type I flares. Third, for late-phase flares, the peak intensity ratio of the late phase to the main phase is roughly correlated with the flare class, and the flares with a strong late phase are all confined. We believe that the re-deposition of the energy carried by a flux rope, which unsuccessfully erupts out, into thermal emissions is responsible for the strong late phase found in a confined flare. Furthermore, we show the signatures of the flare thermodynamic process in the chromosphere and transition region in the TDS charts. These results provide new clues to advance our understanding of the thermodynamic processes of solar flares and associated solar eruptions, e.g., coronal mass ejections.
AN OH(1720 MHZ) MASER AND A NONTHERMAL RADIO SOURCE INSGR B2(M): AN SNR–MOLECULAR CLOUD INTERACTION SITE?
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F. , Cotton W. , Wardle M. , Intema H.
Published: March 2016

Sgr B2 is a well-known star-forming molecular cloud complex in the Galactic center region showing evidence of high energy activity as traced by the Kα neutral Fe i line at 6.4 keV, as well as GeV and TeV γ-ray emission. Here, we present Very Large Array and GMRT observations with respective resolutions of

and

and report the detection of an OH(1720 MHz) maser, with no accompanying OH 1665, 1667, and 1612 MHz maser emission. The maser coincides with a 150 MHz nonthermal radio source in Sgr B2(M). This rare class of OH(1720 MHz) masers or the so-called supernova remnant (SNR) masers, with no main line transitions, trace shocked gas and signal the interaction of an expanding SNR with a molecular cloud. We interpret the 150 MHz radio source as either the site of a SNR–molecular gas interaction or a wind–wind collision in a massive binary system. The interaction of the molecular cloud and the nonthermal source enhances the cosmic-ray ionization rate, allows the diffusion of cosmic rays into the cloud, and produces the variable 6.4 keV line, GeV, and TeV γ-ray emission from Sgr B2(M). The cosmic-ray electron interaction with the gas in the Galactic center can not only explain the measured high values of cosmic-ray ionization and heating rates but also contribute to nonthermal bremsstrahlung continuum emission, all of which are consistent with observations.
Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Adolescent
Authors: Mansour Manal , Nassef Yasser E. , Abu Shady Mones , Aziz Ali Abdel , El Malt Heba A.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with insulin resistance, abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, liver disease, and compromised vascular function. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factor abnormalities and metabolic syndrome in a sample of obese adolescent as prevalence data might be helpful in improving engagement with obesity treatment in future. The high blood lipid levels and obesity are the main risk factors for cardio vascular diseases. Atherosclerotic process begins in childhood.AIM: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity in adolescent and their blood lipids levels and blood glucose level.METHODS: This study was conducted with 100 adolescents of both gender age 12-17 years and body mass index (BMI) greater than 95th percentiles and 100 normal adolescents as control group. The blood samples were collected from all adolescents after overnight fasting (10 hours) to analyze blood lipids (Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) and hematological profile (Hemoglobin, platelets and red blood cell, C reactive protein and fasting blood glucose.RESULTS: There were statistical difference between the two groups for red blood cells (P<0.001), Hemoglobin (P < 0.001) and platelets (P = 0.002), CRP (P = 0.02). Positive correlation was found between the two groups as regards total cholesterol (P = 0.0001), P value was positive for HDL (P = 0.005 and Atherogenic index P value was positive (P = 0.002). Positive correlation was found between the two group as regards fasting blood glucose (P = 0.001).CONCLUSION:Â  Saturated fat was associated with elevated lipid levels in obese children. These results reinforce the importance of healthy dietary habits since child-hood in order to reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.
Après l’année zéro. Histoire croisée de la lutte contre le viol en France et aux États-Unis
Authors: Delage Pauline
Published: March 2016

Croiser l’histoire de la problématisation féministe du viol en France et aux États-Unis permet de mettre en évidence les transferts militants qui ont contribué à façonner cette cause dans les années 1970. Des idées et des pratiques communes apparaissent alors de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, et convergent vers la construction d’une même grille de lecture des violences sexuelles. Pourtant, certaines de ces idées et pratiques ne passent pas d’un contexte à l’autre. Si elle est souvent évoquée en référence au contexte états-unien, la question raciale est par exemple traitée de manière différente en France. De même, le rape crisis center devient le dispositif premier de la lutte contre le viol aux États-Unis, alors qu’aucun équivalent n’apparaît en France. Analyser les convergences et les divergences dans la constitution de cette cause, ainsi que les circulations et les filtres qui empêchent certains échanges, éclaire les conditions de diffusion et de réception qui permettent à des idées et à des pratiques militantes d’émerger et de prendre corps dans un contexte spécifique.
La circulation transnationale du self-help féministe : acte 2 des luttes pour l’avortement libre ?
Authors: Ruault Lucile
Published: March 2016

Tandis qu’en France, dans les années 1970, le champ médical s’appropriait les méthodes d’avortement et de contraception, des savoirs hétérodoxes sur le corps et la gynécologie, critiques de l’institution médicale, ont voyagé à partir du mouvement féministe étasunien de self-help . L’étude de la réception et de l’adaptation des démarches de self-help par des fractions minoritaires du Mouvement pour la liberté de l’avortement et de la contraception (MLAC) permet de mettre au jour les conditions de diffusion transnationale de ces pratiques et rhétoriques, pour ensuite appréhender la greffe, limitée mais stimulante, qui s’est produite auprès des groupes MLAC étudiés ici. L’acquisition d’une contre-expertise reconnue dans un espace militant transnational a insufflé en retour une redynamisation des MLAC et légitimé leurs compétences auprès de réseaux militants au niveau (trans) local et national. Cette réflexion est issue d’une thèse en cours s’appuyant sur un matériau empirique original qui combine d’abondantes sources d’archives et des entretiens longs avec des militantes de divers MLAC et de groupes self-help en France et à l’étranger.
L’International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) et l’expansion du militantisme LGBT dans une Europe unifiée
Authors: Ayoub Phillip M. , Paternotte David
Published: March 2016

L’Europe constitue une région propice au militantisme transnational, constat qui s’applique également au mouvement LGBT. Ainsi, une certaine idée de l’Europe, associée à la tolérance et aux valeurs démocratiques, a été utilisée par les militants pour défendre leurs droits, en particulier face à des États jugés hostiles. Pour ces militants, les droits LGBT ne constituaient pas seulement des droits humains, ils s’inscrivaient aussi, par la dimension normative associée au projet européen, au cœur de celui-ci. Cette conception du projet européen a influencé les stratégies et les actions militantes dans la région. En retour, le travail militant a renforcé le projet de construction européenne depuis la base. Cette étude porte plus particulièrement sur l’International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) et sa branche européenne, ILGA-Europe, et sur l’expansion du militantisme LGBT dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale (PECO).
Plaider la cause homosexuelle en Afrique : engagements et enjeux de visibilité au sein d’un réseau franco-africain
Authors: Gallardo Lucille
Published: March 2016

Depuis les années 1990, l’usage du terme « plaidoyer » s’est généralisé dans le domaine du tiers secteur pour définir des actions de promotion de causes et légitimer des modèles de revendication. La diffusion de ces modèles à travers le monde a entraîné l'émergence de coalitions transnationales non gouvernementales qui œuvrent en faveur de causes homogénéisées, malgré les différences de situations nationales et locales. La notion de plaidoyer, les actions qui s'y réfèrent, les modalités de formulation des causes, ainsi que les groupes et individus qui s'en revendiquent sont pourtant multiples et hétérogènes. Les conditions concrètes de production d'actions dites de plaidoyer sont étudiées ici à travers le cas du réseau associatif franco-africain Africagay contre le sida. Il s'agit d'analyser en quoi consiste, dans ce cas, le plaidoyer, comment se construit l'action transnationale du réseau et quels en sont les finalités et les déterminants nationaux. Il s’avère que les raisons d'être d'Africagay contre le sida tiennent autant au rôle prépondérant qu'y joue l’association française AIDES et au déploiement de son action en Afrique qu'au souhait collectif de porter la « cause homosexuelle » dans l'arène militante internationale investie dans cette lutte.
Une simple affaire de mots ? Construction d’un discours d’autolégitimation des compagnies de sécurité privée
Authors: Magnon-pujo Cyril
Published: March 2016

Le poids du discours dans les processus de légitimation est étudié ici à partir du cas des compagnies de sécurité privée actives à l’international. Longtemps décriées parce que perçues comme une forme de mercenariat, ces compagnies sont aujourd’hui largement utilisées et reconnues en tant qu’entreprises spécialisées, privées et régulées. Fortes de cette identité nouvellement acquise, elles apparaissent désormais comme des acteurs légitimes. Il convient, dès lors, de s’interroger sur les modalités de ce processus de légitimation, en confrontant la production d’un discours sur soi de la part des compagnies de sécurité avec les manières de parler d’elles dans d’autres arènes. Cette mise en parallèle permet de faire ressortir les contraintes pesant sur la production d’un discours en matière de sécurité privée et, surtout, d’analyser les conditions de son autorité. Imposer un discours – et une identité – dans un domaine pensé comme étant du ressort de l’État ne saurait en effet se réduire à un processus d’autodéfinition.
Faut-il réellement craindre l’Open data pour la protection de nos données personnelles ?
Authors: Berguig Matthieu , Coupez François
Published: March 2016

Open data et protection des données personnelles semblent n’entretenir aucun rapport l’un avec l’autre. Il est difficile de concevoir que la diffusion des informations que les organismes publics recueillent, produisent ou achètent pour les aider dans la prise de décision, puisse contrevenir à la protection des données personnelles qui, par définition n’on pas vocation à être diffusées. Pour autant, les liens sont étroits, que ce soit en raison de la nature de l’organisme qui les détient, ou du type de données concernées. La collecte par les détenteurs de données publiques s’effectue auprès des personnes privées et parfois relèvent du domaine des données qualifiées de sensibles. Dès lors, la loi Informatique et libertés peut se révéler l’un des obstacles prépondérants à la mise en œuvre d’une politique d’ouverture des données. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’Open data est construite sur un nécessaire anonymat dont le juge devra rester le garant. Mais il n’en demeure pas moins que la question de la confidentialité des données personnelles est mise en débat car certaines personnes physiques peuvent être contraintes, par l’effet de la loi, à révéler des informations personnelles les concernant. La diffusion publique de données à caractère personnel peut également prendre une forme indirecte et concerner alors tout un chacun, élus ou simples citoyens. ■
La Privacy by design : une fausse bonne solution aux problèmes de protection des données personnelles soulevés par l’Open data et les objets connectés ?
Authors: Pucheral Philippe , Rallet Alain , Rochelandet Fabrice , Zolynski Célia
Published: March 2016

L’Open data peut soulever d’importantes difficultés concernant la protection des données à caractère personnel, directement ou indirectement par recoupement des bases de données publiques. Les objets connectés posent la question avec encore plus d’acuité puisqu’ils enregistrent nos activités personnelles au travers de leur diversité, de leurs localisations et de leurs temporalités. La Privacy by design, plébiscitée par les autorités de régulation pour promouvoir le développement des nouveaux usages, est à cet égard un mode de régulation séduisant puisqu’il intègre la protection des données à caractère personnel dès la conception des outils de collecte, de traitement ou d’exploitation des données. Il s’agit dès lors d’interroger la pertinence de cette solution, son intérêt et ses limites au regard des problèmes soulevés par l’Open data et les objets connectés grâce à une étude multidisciplinaire croisant analyses juridiques, techniques et économiques. La Privacy by design apparaît alors objet d’un paradoxe dans la mesure où, prétendant régler les problèmes de protection en amont, elle en fait naître en aval. C’est pourquoi une autre logique de protection peut être plébiscitée, la Privacy by using , complément et inversion de la précédente. ■
L’agrégation des données ouvertes dans le cadre de plateformes : les objets connectés dans le domaine de la santé
Authors: Thiérache Corinne
Published: March 2016

Le développement d’internet facilite l’émergence de larges communautés à travers le monde, capables de se mobiliser pour créer et partager les savoirs en vue de faire avancer la recherche et mieux appréhender les traitements médicaux. Les données ouvertes contribuent au partage de la production scientifique et la France n’est pas en reste. Ses chercheurs de forte renommée participent à de nombreuses recherches et études cliniques dans le domaine médical, contribuant ainsi à de nombreuses découvertes et avancées. Pourtant, le droit positif dans le domaine de l’Open data et du text and data mining, ne vient pas en soutien de la recherche médicale. L’exploration de données est moins développée dans les pays où le niveau de protection par le droit d’auteur est le plus élevé et ne prévoit pas de mécanisme spécifique pour les sécuriser. Or, à une époque où la demande citoyenne d’accès aux données de santé est réelle, la recherche médicale ne pourra s’enrichir que si l’on accepte, comme postulat de départ, que les données scientifiques et l’information soient d’un accès plus libre. En ce sens, le projet de loi porté par Axelle Lemaire tente de moderniser la législation tout en préservant les droits de propriété intellectuelle avec l’essor des objets connectés. Mais il faudra s’assurer de la protection des données personnelles dans une société où l’inconscience des particuliers et des tiers est de nature à remettre en cause l’éthique médicale. ■
La régulation de l’Open data
Authors: Clément-Fontaine Mélanie
Published: March 2016

La notion d’Open data est discutée et repose sur deux acceptions soumises à des impératifs économiques et juridiques bien différents. Cette étude est circonscrite à l’analyse de la politique qui préside l’ouverture des données d’origine publique et laisse de côté les données ouvertes provenant des secteurs privés marchands ou non marchands. Même dans ce cadre, la régulation est protéiforme et dépendante des modalités et des objectifs propres à chaque État. La régulation de l’Open data suppose ensuite d’être conciliée avec les régimes de la protection des créations intellectuelles, des données personnelles, ou encore du secret des affaires ce qui fait l’objet d’âpres discussions sur le plan international. Dès lors, le chemin pour y parvenir est encore sinueux. Selon un raisonnement en ellipse, l’objet de la politique de l’Open data est double. Il vise, d’une part, les éléments qui sont mis en partage. Le droit ne distingue pas entre la donnée et l’information publique. D’autre part, les objectifs poursuivis sont doubles, procédant du renforcement de la démocratie et de l’accélération de l’économie numérique. Enfin, la gestion de l’Open data repose à la fois sur des principes directeurs définis par la directive PSI de 2013, et de nombreux organes de régulation comme en témoigne l’exemple français. ■
Open data et business models
Authors: Roché Étienne
Published: March 2016

À l’heure où les discussions parlementaires se crispent autour du principe de gratuité, il est important de réfléchir sur le modèle économique de l’Open data. En effet, la question de la réexploitation des données n’oppose pas la gratuité à la licence. La donnée en soi n’a pas grand intérêt, à part pour celui qui la collecte. C’est la mise en relation avec d’autres données qui peut révéler une nature tout à fait différente et une information inattendue, créant une nouvelle utilité et donc une valeur. Le modèle économique choisi doit concourir dans sa logique à cette création de valeur et se structure à partir des plateformes. Le modèle apparaît ainsi dynamique s’opposant au débat plus statique inhérent à l’idée de gratuité et à ses exceptions visant à préserver les droits de propriété intellectuelle ou le préjudice économique engendré par la libération de certaines données. Le modèle économique de l’Open data, dans la lignée de l’Open source, s’en distingue néanmoins. Pour le comprendre, il convient d’en caractériser les coûts incompressibles de plateforme et de distribution de façon à les répartir entre les différents acteurs en fonction de leur nature (publics, privés...). Il convient également en fonction des revenus attendus de choisir le business model le plus adapté : freemium, financement croisé, modèle de réseaux et collaboratif. Les meilleures pratiques s’observent au regard de l’attractivité et de la confiance que la plateforme suscite. ■