bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating the Water Planetary Boundary With Water Management From Local to Global Scales
Authors: Zipper Samuel C. , Jaramillo Fernando , Wang‐Erlandsson Lan , Cornell Sarah E. , Gleeson Tom , Porkka Miina , Häyhä Tiina , Crépin Anne‐Sophie , Fetzer Ingo , Gerten Dieter , Hoff Holger , Matthews Nathanial , Ricaurte‐Villota Constanza , Kummu Matti , Wada Yoshihide , Gordon Line
Published: January 2020

The planetary boundaries framework defines the “safe operating space for humanity” represented by nine global processes that can destabilize the Earth System if perturbed. The water planetary boundary attempts to provide a global limit to anthropogenic water cycle modifications, but it has been challenging to translate and apply it to the regional and local scales at which water problems and management typically occur. We develop a cross‐scale approach by which the water planetary boundary could guide sustainable water management and governance at subglobal contexts defined by physical features (e.g., watershed or aquifer), political borders (e.g., city, nation, or group of nations), or commercial entities (e.g., corporation, trade group, or financial institution). The application of the water planetary boundary at these subglobal contexts occurs via two approaches: (i) calculating fair shares, in which local water cycle modifications are compared to that context's allocation of the global safe operating space, taking into account biophysical, socioeconomic, and ethical considerations; and (ii) defining a local safe operating space, in which interactions between water stores and Earth System components are used to define local boundaries required for sustaining the local water system in stable conditions, which we demonstrate with a case study of the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta wetlands in Colombia. By harmonizing these two approaches, the water planetary boundary can ensure that water cycle modifications remain within both local and global boundaries and complement existing water management and governance approaches.
Decadal Attribution of Historic Temperature and Ocean Heat Content Change to Anthropogenic Emissions
Authors: Larson E. J. L. , Portmann R. W. , Solomon S. , Murphy D. M.
Published: January 2020

We present an alternative method of calculating the historical effective radiative forcing using the observed temperature record and a kernel based on the 5th Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) temperature response. This estimate is the effective radiative forcing time series that the average climate model would need to simulate the observed global mean surface temperature anomalies. We further infer the anthropogenic aerosols radiative forcing as a residual using the better‐known greenhouse gas radiative forcing. This allows an independent estimate of anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing, which suggests a cooling influence due to aerosols in the early part of the twentieth century. The temporal kernels are also used to calculate decadal contributions from the dominant forcing agents to present‐day temperature, ocean heat content, and thermosteric sea level rise. The current global mean temperature anomaly is dominated by emissions in the past two decades, while current ocean heat content is more strongly affected by earlier decades.
Rossby Waves Detection in the CO2 and Temperature Multilayer Climate Network
Authors: Ying N. , Zhou D. , Han Z. G. , Chen Q. H. , Ye Q. , Xue Z. G.
Published: January 2020

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main factor of global warming. Carbon satellites have proven that CO2 concentrations have nonuniform spatio‐temporal distributions. The relationship between unevenly distributed CO2 and global surface air temperature (SAT) is seldom known. The success of complex networks provides an opportunity to address this issue. This paper proposes a multilayer climate network approach to identify the impacts of nonuniform CO2 on SAT. The results show that the probability density function (PDF) of degrees, weighted degrees, and link lengths follows power‐law distributions. A large fraction of strong correlation links resides in proximal distance (smaller than 2,000 km), indicating that CO2 nodes are strongly connected to the surrounding SAT nodes. The enhanced distributions of large positive weights, time delays, and degree patterns are all consistent with the properties of Rossby waves. This framework can be useful for predicting future climate changes and policy‐making for carbon reduction.
The Role of Salinity in the Southeastern Arabian Sea in Determining Monsoon Onset and Strength
Authors: Roman‐Stork Heather L. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Murty V. S. N.
Published: January 2020

In this study, we examine the role of freshwater transported from the Bay of Bengal into the southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) in determining both the timing of monsoon onset and the strength of the ensuing monsoon. To do this, we use a combination of satellite‐derived salinity data and reanalysis products from 1980 to 2016 in order to discuss seasonal, interannual, subdecadal, and long‐term decadal variability in various atmospheric and oceanic contributors such as ocean heat content, freshwater transport, ERA5 instantaneous moisture flux, mixed layer depth, and barrier layer thickness. The salt budget in the SEAS reveals the dominance of meridional freshwater advective transport that brings in variability in salinity and thus in salinity stratification, as well as in mixed layer processes. We find that these parameters exhibit the prevalence of a long‐term decadal variability (with trends of increasing/decreasing phases over a 15‐year duration) over which interannual (3‐year trend) and intradecadal (7‐year trend) variability trends are superimposed. The patterns of both the 3‐ and 7‐year trends follow each other closely, and relatively high amplitudes are seen in the 3‐year trends. The long‐term decrease in moisture flux and freshwater transport into the SEAS along with a rise in ocean heat content over a 15‐year duration after 1994 contributed to a lack of strong monsoons in recent years; the prevailing interannual and intradecadal variability in these parameters associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño Southern Oscillation events favored weaker and normal monsoons after 1994.
Direct Radiative Effect of Absorbing Aerosols: Sensitivity to Mixing State, Brown Carbon, and Soil Dust Refractive Index and Shape
Authors: Tuccella Paolo , Curci Gabriele , Pitari Giovanni , Lee Seungun , Jo Duseong S.
Published: January 2020

Key Points

Aerosol absorption is sensitive to mixing state, brown carbon, and soil dust optical properties

Blanching reduces coating brown carbon radiative effect; soil dust radiative effect uncertainty due to the refractive index is large

Radiative effect of radiation‐absorbing aerosol total uncertainty is mainly due to dust refractive index and brown carbon treatment
Reply to Comment by Peng and Bi on “Retrieval of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Density Based on Merging Particle Size Distribution Measurements: Multi‐instrument Observation and Quality Control at Shouxian”
Authors: Li Zhengqiang , Wei Yuanyuan , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2020

This is a reply to the comment of Peng and Bi (2019) on the paper of Li et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028956), which introduced a method to estimate aerosol effective density (ρe) based on a joint use of measurements of the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and the aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). In this reply, we describe the extension of the Cunningham slip correction factor (Cc) to the expression of the ρe and analyzed the useful but incomplete expression of ρe equation on Cc in Peng and Bi (2019) resulting from neglecting aerodynamic diameter. Meanwhile, in order to estimate Cc‐related error on ρe, Peng and Bi (2019) used an unreasonable scheme and an overestimated shape factor, which leads to a large overestimation (55.5%) of the error. We modify the error budget scheme and perform a theoretical error analysis on neglecting Cc during the ρe measurement in practice. The results suggest an average bias of 17.68% on ρe resulting from Cc. Together with other error sources presented in Li et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028956), the typical uncertainty on ρe based on this “SMPS‐APS” joint‐use method is 21.06%, which is still reasonable in practice.
In Situ Stress Orientation From 3 km Borehole Image Logs in the Koyna Seismogenic Zone, Western India: Implications for Transitional Faulting Environment
Authors: Goswami Deepjyoti , Hazarika Pinki , Roy Sukanta
Published: January 2020

Knowledge of the in situ stress regime is critical to investigate the genesis of recurrent triggered seismicity over the past five decades in the Koyna seismogenic zone. Orientations of in situ horizontal stresses are determined for the first time from analyses of image logs in a 3 km deep scientific borehole KFD1 in the area. KFD1 passed through 1,247 m thick Deccan Traps and continued 1,767 m in the granitic basement. Stress‐induced wellbore failures, breakouts and drilling‐induced tensile fractures, are identified in the acoustic and microresistivity images of the granitic basement. Additionally, tightly constrained focal mechanisms of 50 earthquakes of M ≥ 3.6, reported in literature, are inverted to constrain the stress regime. Salient results are as follows: (i) wellbore breakouts and drilling‐induced tensile fractures constrain N9°W ± 17° orientation for maximum horizontal principal stress (SHmax); (ii) consistency with the regional NNW‐SSE orientation of SHmax from inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms shows that the borehole data are representative for the Koyna region; (iii) breakout rotations at multiple depths below 2,100 m indicate that the borehole may have passed through localized fault damage zones; (iv) consistent strike azimuths of steeply dipping fractures with SHmax orientation indicate favorable conditions for strike‐slip to normal transitional faulting environment; and (v) stress inversion of 50 well‐determined earthquake focal mechanisms supports transitional faulting environment in the Koyna seismogenic zone. Thus, stress orientation and fracture information from borehole data, together with stress regime constrained from inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms, shed new light on the faulting environment in the region.
Impact of an integrated mother-preterm infant intervention on birth hospitalization charges
Authors: Vonderheid Susan C. , Park Chang G. , Rankin Kristin , Norr Kathleen F. , White-Traut Rosemary
Published: January 2020

Objective

To examine whether the H-HOPE (Hospital to Home: Optimizing the Preterm Infant’s Environment) intervention reduced birth hospitalization charges yielding net savings after adjusting for intervention costs.

Study design

One hundred and twenty-one mother-preterm infant dyads randomized to H-HOPE or a control group had birth hospitalization data. Neonatal intensive care unit costs were based on billing charges. Linear regression, propensity scoring and regression analyses were used to describe charge differences.

Results

Mean H-HOPE charges were $10,185 lower than controls (p = 0.012). Propensity score matching showed the largest savings of $14,656 (p = 0.003) for H-HOPE infants, and quantile regression showed a savings of $13,222 at the 75th percentile (p = 0.015) for H-HOPE infants. Cost savings increased as hospital charges increased. The mean intervention cost was $680 per infant.

Conclusions

Lower birth hospitalization charges and the net cost savings of H-HOPE infants support implementation of H-HOPE as the standard of care for preterm infants.
Author Correction: In vivo clonal expansion and phenotypes of hypocretin-specific CD4+ T cells in narcolepsy patients and controls
Authors: Jiang Wei , Birtley James R. , Hung Shu-Chen , Wang Weiqi , Chiou Shin-Heng , Macaubas Claudia , Kornum Birgitte , Tian Lu , Huang Huang , Adler Lital , Weaver Grant , Lu Liying , Ilstad-Minnihan Alexandra , Somasundaram Sriram , Ayyangar Sashi , Davis Mark M. , Stern Lawrence J. , Mellins Elizabeth D.
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Mechanistic insights into transcription factor cooperativity and its impact on protein-phenotype interactions
Authors: Ibarra Ignacio L. , Hollmann Nele M. , Klaus Bernd , Augsten Sandra , Velten Britta , Hennig Janosch , Zaugg Judith B.
Published: January 2020

Recent high-throughput transcription factor (TF) binding assays revealed that TF cooperativity is a widespread phenomenon. However, a global mechanistic and functional understanding of TF cooperativity is still lacking. To address this, here we introduce a statistical learning framework that provides structural insight into TF cooperativity and its functional consequences based on next generation sequencing data. We identify DNA shape as driver for cooperativity, with a particularly strong effect for Forkhead-Ets pairs. Follow-up experiments reveal a local shape preference at the Ets-DNA-Forkhead interface and decreased cooperativity upon loss of the interaction. Additionally, we discover many functional associations for cooperatively bound TFs. Examination of the link between FOXO1:ETV6 and lymphomas reveals that their joint expression levels improve patient clinical outcome stratification. Altogether, our results demonstrate that inter-family cooperative TF binding is driven by position-specific DNA readout mechanisms, which provides an additional regulatory layer for downstream biological functions.
Author Correction: Thyroid hormone induces progression and invasiveness of squamous cell carcinomas by promoting a ZEB-1/E-cadherin switch
Authors: Miro Caterina , Di Cicco Emery , Ambrosio Raffaele , Mancino Giuseppina , Di Girolamo Daniela , Cicatiello Annunziata Gaetana , Sagliocchi Serena , Nappi Annarita , De Stefano Maria Angela , Luongo Cristina , Antonini Dario , Visconte Feliciano , Varricchio Silvia , Ilardi Gennaro , Del Vecchio Luigi , Staibano Stefania , Boelen Anita , Blanpain Cedric , Missero Caterina , Salvatore Domenico , Dentice Monica
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Implementing digital computing with DNA-based switching circuits
Authors: Wang Fei , Lv Hui , Li Qian , Li Jiang , Zhang Xueli , Shi Jiye , Wang Lihua , Fan Chunhai
Published: January 2020

DNA strand displacement reactions (SDRs) provide a set of intelligent toolboxes for developing molecular computation. Whereas SDR-based logic gate circuits have achieved a high level of complexity, the scale-up for practical achievable computational tasks remains a hurdle. Switching circuits that were originally proposed by Shannon in 1938 and nowadays widely used in telecommunication represent an alternative and efficient means to realize fast-speed and high-bandwidth communication. Here we develop SDR-based DNA switching circuits (DSCs) for implementing digital computing. Using a routing strategy on a programmable DNA switch canvas, we show that arbitrary Boolean functions can be represented by DSCs and implemented with molecular switches with high computing speed. We further demonstrate the implementation of full-adder and square-rooting functions using DSCs, which only uses down to 1/4 DNA strands as compared with a dual-rail logic expression-based design. We expect that DSCs provide a design paradigm for digital computation with biomolecules.
A single atom noise probe operating beyond the Heisenberg limit
Authors: Dutta T. , Mukherjee M.
Published: January 2020

According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the energy or frequency uncertainty of a measurement can be at the best inversely proportional to the observation time ($$T$$
T
). The observation time in an experiment using a quantum mechanical probe is ultimately limited by the coherence time of the probe. Therefore the inverse proportionality of the statistical uncertainty of a frequency measurement to the observation time is also limited up to the coherence time of the probe, provided the systematic uncertainties are well below the statistical uncertainties. With a single laser-cooled barium ion as a quantum probe, we show that the uncertainty in the frequency measurement for a general time-dependent Hamiltonian scales as $$1/{T}^{1.75\pm 0.03}$$

1
∕

T

1.75
±
0.03

as opposed to $$1/T$$

1
∕
T

, given by the Heisenberg limit for time-independent Hamiltonian. These measurements, based on controlled feedback Hamiltonian and implemented on a laser cooled single ion, allowed precise measurement of noise frequency in the kHz range. Moreover, based on the observed sensitivity of a single ion experiment presented here, we propose the use of a similar protocol with enhanced sensitivity as a tool to directly verify the existence of certain types of light mass axion-like dark matter particles where no direct measurement protocol exists.
Early recovery in the first 24 months of treatment in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders
Authors: Phahladira Lebogang , Luckhoff Hilmar K. , Asmal Laila , Kilian Sanja , Scheffler Frederika , Plessis Stefan du , Chiliza Bonginkosi , Emsley Robin
Published: January 2020

Studies assessing the treatment outcomes in first-episode schizophrenia have reported mixed results. While symptom improvement is frequently robust, when other domains are considered outcomes are generally poorer. We explored response trajectories, rates and predictors of recovery in the domains of core psychopathology, clinician-rated social and occupational functioning and patient-rated quality of life over 24 months of treatment in 98 patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were treated with a long-acting antipsychotic medication. There was robust improvement in core psychopathology (effect size d = 3.36) and functionality (d = 1.78), with most improvement occurring within the first six months of treatment. In contrast, improvement in subjective quality of life was less marked (d = 0.37) and slower, only reaching significance after 12 months of treatment. Symptom remission was achieved by 70% of patients and over half met our criteria for functional remission and good quality of life. However, only 29% met the full criteria for recovery. Patients who met the recovery criteria had better premorbid adjustment, were less likely to be of mixed ethnicity and substance use emerged as the only modifiable predictor of recovery. Only 9% of our sample achieved both functional remission and good quality of life despite not being in symptom remission. We found high rates of symptom remission, functional remission and good quality of life in patients, although relatively few achieved recovery by meeting all three of the outcome criteria. Symptom remission is not a necessary prerequisite for functional remission and good quality of life, although few non-remitters achieve other recovery criteria.
Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries
Authors:   Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators
Published: January 2020

Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-agez-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that are adapted locally and in efficiently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its health implications.
A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space
Authors: Jeliazkov Alienor , Mijatovic Darko , Chantepie Stéphane , Andrew Nigel , Arlettaz Raphaël , Barbaro Luc , Barsoum Nadia , Bartonova Alena , Belskaya Elena , Bonada Núria , Brind’Amour Anik , Carvalho Rodrigo , Castro Helena , Chmura Damian , Choler Philippe , Chong-Seng Karen , Cleary Daniel , Cormont Anouk , Cornwell William , de Campos Ramiro , de Voogd Nicole , Doledec Sylvain , Drew Joshua , Dziock Frank , Eallonardo Anthony , Edgar Melanie J. , Farneda Fábio , Hernandez Domingo Flores , Frenette-Dussault Cédric , Fried Guillaume , Gallardo Belinda , Gibb Heloise , Gonçalves-Souza Thiago , Higuti Janet , Humbert Jean-Yves , Krasnov Boris R. , Saux Eric Le , Lindo Zoe , Lopez-Baucells Adria , Lowe Elizabeth , Marteinsdottir Bryndis , Martens Koen , Meffert Peter , Mellado-Díaz Andres , Menz Myles H. M. , Meyer Christoph F. J. , Miranda Julia Ramos , Mouillot David , Ossola Alessandro , Pakeman Robin , Pavoine Sandrine , Pekin Burak , Pino Joan , Pocheville Arnaud , Pomati Francesco , Poschlod Peter , Prentice Honor C. , Purschke Oliver , Raevel Valerie , Reitalu Triin , Renema Willem , Ribera Ignacio , Robinson Natalie , Robroek Bjorn , Rocha Ricardo , Shieh Sen-Her , Spake Rebecca , Staniaszek-Kik Monika , Stanko Michal , Tejerina-Garro Francisco Leonardo , Braak Cajo ter , Urban Mark C. , Klink Roel van , Villéger Sébastien , Wegman Ruut , Westgate Martin J. , Wolff Jonas , Żarnowiec Jan , Zolotarev Maxim , Chase Jonathan M.
Published: January 2020

The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database formetaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; “CESTES”. Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology.
De novo transcriptome assembly and annotation for gene discovery in avocado, macadamia and mango
Authors: Chabikwa Tinashe G. , Barbier Francois F. , Tanurdzic Milos , Beveridge Christine A.
Published: January 2020

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.), macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia L.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) are important subtropical tree species grown for their edible fruits and nuts. Despite their commercial and nutritional importance, the genomic information for these species is largely lacking. Here we report the generation of avocado, macadamia and mango transcriptome assemblies from pooled leaf, stem, bud, root, floral and fruit/nut tissue. Using normalized cDNA libraries, we generated comprehensive RNA-Seq datasets from which we assembled 63420, 78871 and 82198 unigenes of avocado, macadamia and mango, respectively using a combination of de novo transcriptome assembly and redundancy reduction. These unigenes were functionally annotated using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to query the Universal Protein Resource Knowledgebase (UniProtKB). A workflow encompassing RNA extraction, library preparation, transcriptome assembly, redundancy reduction, assembly validation and annotation is provided. This study provides avocado, macadamia and mango transcriptome and annotation data, which is valuable for gene discovery and gene expression profiling experiments as well as ongoing and future genome annotation and marker development applications.
Vitamin D supplementation does not prevent the recurrence of Graves’ disease
Authors: Cho Yoon Young , Chung Yun Jae
Published: January 2020

Recent literature has reported a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among people with Graves’ disease. No study has examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the clinical outcomes of Graves’ disease. We aimed to evaluate whether daily vitamin D supplementation reduces Graves’ disease recurrence. We enrolled 210 subjects with Graves’ disease and vitamin D deficiency and followed them for at least one year after anti-thyroid drug (ATD) discontinuation. Among 210 individuals, 60 (29%) were amenable to taking vitamin D supplements, resulting in sufficient vitamin D levels (from 10.6 to 25.7 ng/mL), whereas the mean vitamin D level was 11.6 ng/mL in the 150 patients who did not take vitamin D supplements. The recurrence rate was similar in both groups (38% vs. 49%, P = 0.086). However, recurrence occurred earlier in the latter group (7 months vs. 5 months, P = 0.016). In the multivariate analysis, vitamin D levels and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) titers at ATD discontinuation remained significant factors for recurrence. Vitamin D levels and TBII titers at ATD discontinuation exhibited a weak negative correlation (R = −0.143, P = 0.041). Vitamin D supplementation might have a protective effect against Graves’ disease recurrence with a borderline significant recurrence rate reduction.
A cross-category puffing topography, mouth level exposure and consumption study among Italian users of tobacco and nicotine products
Authors: Jones Joshua , Slayford Sandra , Gray Adam , Brick Kathryn , Prasad Krishna , Proctor Christopher
Published: January 2020

Actual use studies play a key part in evaluating the reduced risk potential of tobacco and nicotine products. This study was undertaken to determine the puffing topography, mouth level exposure (MLE) and average daily consumption (ADC) relating to two commercially available tobacco heating products (THPs) and a prototype electronic cigarette (or e-cigarette) among Italian non-mentholated 7 mg ISO tar cigarette smokers. The study was conducted in Milan, Italy, with three groups of approximately 50 participants. Groups 1 and 3 included adult smokers of 7 mg ISO tar tobacco cigarettes, and Group 2 consisted of both solus vapers and dual users of vapour and tobacco products. Amongst smokers, e-cigarette mean puff volumes (41.6 mL vs 41.3 mL) and mean puff durations (1.4 s vs 1.5 s) were similar to that of the cigarette, although the average usage session was significantly longer (1064.8 s vs 289.5 s) with a higher total number of puffs (58.6 vs 17.3), however this may be attributable to differences in product operation. There were no significant differences across puffing topography measurements observed between smokers (Group 1) and regular vapers/dual users (Group 2) when using the e-cigarette. As consistent with previous research, users took, on average, larger mean puff volumes when using a THP compared to the reference cigarette (C651), although puff numbers and puff durations remained similar. The average interval between puffs was considerably shorter for THP1.0(T) compared to THS2.4(T) (11.0 s vs 17.1 s). MLE to nicotine-free dry particulate matter and nicotine was significantly reduced for THP1.0(T) and THS2.4(T) compared to the tobacco cigarette (C651). MLE to nicotine was also significantly reduced for the e-cigarette (IS1.0(T)) compared to C651. The average daily consumption (ADC) of cigarettes by groups 1 and 3 were higher than the respective ADCs of both THP consumables. There were no significant differences in ADC when comparing the same product between different groups. Differences seen between sensory scores for each of the product categories may be attributed to fundamental differences in design and mode of operation resulting in very different characteristics of the aerosol generated.
MicroRNA-96-5p represses breast cancer proliferation and invasion through Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting CTNND1
Authors: Gao Xiao-hui , Zhang Ya-li , Zhang Zhi-ye , Guo Shuang-shuang , Chen Xiao-bing , Guo Yan-zhen
Published: January 2020

Low miR-96-5p expression is characteristic of many cancers but its role in breast cancer (BCa) remains poorly defined. Here, the role of miR-96-5p in BC development was assessed. We demonstrate that exogenously expressing miR-96-5p inhibits the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacity of BCa cells. Mechanistically, miR-96-5p in BCa cells was found to target and downregulate catenin delta 1 (CTNND1) leading to decreased β-catenin expression, a loss of WNT11 signaling, reduced cyclin D1 levels and lower MMP7 expression. Exogenously expressing CTNND1 alleviated these effects. In summary, we are the first to reveal that miR-96-5p inhibits the proliferative, invasive and migratory phenotypes of BCa cells the targeting of CTNND1 and subsequent Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These data highlight miR-96-5p as a novel target for BC treatment.
Effect of introducing frogs and fish on soil phosphorus availability dynamics and their relationship with rice yield in paddy fields
Authors: Lin Kaimiao , Wu Jianping
Published: January 2020

The long-term impacts of introducing frogs and fish on rice yield and soil P availability are largely underestimated and undervalued. A 9-year field experiment compared the soil phosphorus fraction dynamics and their relationship with rice yield in rice-frog-fish (RFF) cultures, rice-fish (RF) cultures and rice-only (RO) cultures in southeastern China paddy fields. The yields in the RFF and RF cultures were notably higher than those in the RO culture, by 22.1% and 6.8%, respectively. Soil total P ranged from 345.5 to 385.6 mg kg−1 among all the farming systems, with the smallest amount found in the RO culture. There were only slight changes in the distribution of soil phosphorus fractions with time. The concentrations of NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po were significantly higher in the RFF and RF cultures compared with those in the RO culture, and most of the NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po fractions were greater in the RFF and RF cultures compared with those in the RO culture. The rice grain yield was significantly correlated with labile P and slowly cycling P. Introducing frogs and fish might be useful for increasing soil active P supplies and meeting rice nutrient requirements. This study concluded that RFF is the best practice for improving rice grain yields and soil fertility in paddy fields.
Re-epithelialization and immune cell behaviour in an ex vivo human skin model
Authors: Rakita Ana , Nikolić Nenad , Mildner Michael , Matiasek Johannes , Elbe-Bürger Adelheid
Published: January 2020

A large body of literature is available on wound healing in humans. Nonetheless, a standardizedex vivowound model without disruption of the dermal compartment has not been put forward with compelling justification. Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour. Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area. Upon six days of culture, the wound was covered with one to three-cell thick K14+Ki67+keratinocyte layers, indicating that proliferation and migration were involved in wound closure. After eight to twelve days, a multi-layered epidermis was formed expressing epidermal differentiation markers (K10, filaggrin, DSG-1, CDSN). Investigations about immune cell-specific manners revealed more T cells in the blister roof epidermis compared to normal epidermis. We identified several cell populations in blister roof epidermis and suction blister fluid that are absent in normal epidermis which correlated with their decrease in the dermis, indicating a dermal efflux upon negative pressure. Together, our model recapitulates the main features of epithelial wound regeneration, and can be applied for testing wound healing therapies and investigating underlying mechanisms.
Copy number gains of the putative CRKL oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma result in strong nuclear expression of the protein and influence cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Kostrzewska-Poczekaj Magdalena , Bednarek Kinga , Jarmuz-Szymczak Malgorzata , Bodnar Magdalena , Filas Violeta , Marszalek Andrzej , Bartochowska Anna , Grenman Reidar , Kiwerska Katarzyna , Szyfter Krzysztof , Giefing Maciej
Published: January 2020

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a major medical problem worldwide. Although our understanding of genetic changes and their consequences in laryngeal cancer has opened new therapeutic pathways over the years, the diagnostic as well as treatment options still need to be improved. In our previous study, we identified CRKL (22q11) as a novel putative oncogene overexpressed and amplified in a subset of LSCC tumors and cell lines. Here we analyze to what extent CRKL DNA copy number gains correlate with the higher expression of CRKL protein by performing IHC staining of the respective protein in LSCC cell lines (n = 3) and primary tumors (n = 40). Moreover, the importance of CRKL gene in regard to proliferation and motility of LSCC cells was analyzed with the application of RNA interference (siRNA). Beside the physiological cytoplasmic expression, the analysis of LSCC tumor samples revealed also nuclear expression of CRKL protein in 10/40 (25%) cases, of which three (7.5%), presented moderate or strong nuclear expression. Similarly, we observed a shift towards aberrantly strong nuclear abundance of the CRKL protein in LSCC cell lines with gene copy number amplifications. Moreover, siRNA mediated silencing of CRKL gene in the cell lines showing its overexpression, significantly reduced proliferation (p < 0.01) as well as cell migration (p < 0.05) rates. Altogether, these results show that the aberrantly strong nuclear localization of CRKL is a seldom but recurrent phenomenon in LSCC resulting from the increased DNA copy number and overexpression of the gene. Moreover, functional analyses suggest that proliferation and migration of the tumor cells depend on CRKL expression.
Assessing the Potential Distribution of Asian Gypsy Moth in Canada: A Comparison of Two Methodological Approaches
Authors: Srivastava Vivek , Griess Verena C. , Keena Melody A.
Published: January 2020

Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) is one of the world’s worst hardwood defoliating invasive alien species. It is currently spreading across North America, damaging forest ecosystems and posing a significant economic threat. Two subspecies L. d. asiatica and L. d. japonica, collectively referred to as Asian gypsy moth (AGM) are of special concern as they have traits that make them better invaders than their European counterpart (e.g. flight capability of females). We assessed the potential distribution of AGM in Canada using two presence-only species distribution models, Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP). In addition, we mapped AGM potential future distribution under two climate change scenarios (A1B and A2) while implementing dispersal constraints using the cellular automation model MigClim. MaxEnt had higher AUC, pAUC and sensitivity scores (0.82/1.40/1.00) when compared to GARP (0.70/1.26/0.9), indicating better discrimination of suitable versus unsuitable areas for AGM. The models indicated that suitable conditions for AGM were present in the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The human influence index was the variable found to contribute the most in predicting the distribution of AGM. These model results can be used to identify areas at risk for this pest, to inform strategic and tactical pest management decisions.
An evolutionarily conserved iron-sulfur cluster underlies redox sensory function of the Chloroplast Sensor Kinase
Authors: Ibrahim Iskander M. , Wu Huan , Ezhov Roman , Kayanja Gilbert E. , Zakharov Stanislav D. , Du Yanyan , Tao Weiguo Andy , Pushkar Yulia , Cramer William A. , Puthiyaveetil Sujith
Published: January 2020

Photosynthetic efficiency depends on equal light energy conversion by two spectrally distinct, serially-connected photosystems. The redox state of the plastoquinone pool, located between the two photosystems, is a key regulatory signal that initiates acclimatory changes in the relative abundance of photosystems. The Chloroplast Sensor Kinase (CSK) links the plastoquinone redox signal with photosystem gene expression but the mechanism by which it monitors the plastoquinone redox state is unclear. Here we show that the purified Arabidopsis and Phaeodactylum CSK and the cyanobacterial CSK homologue, Histidine kinase 2 (Hik2), are iron-sulfur proteins. The Fe-S cluster of CSK is further revealed to be a high potential redox-responsive [3Fe-4S] center. CSK responds to redox agents with reduced plastoquinone suppressing its autokinase activity. Redox changes within the CSK iron-sulfur cluster translate into conformational changes in the protein fold. These results provide key insights into redox signal perception and propagation by the CSK-based chloroplast two-component system.
Deep learning for detecting retinal detachment and discerning macular status using ultra-widefield fundus images
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Guo Chong , Nie Danyao , Lin Duoru , Zhu Yi , Chen Chuan , Wu Xiaohang , Xu Fabao , Jin Chenjin , Zhang Xiayin , Xiao Hui , Zhang Kai , Zhao Lanqin , Yan Pisong , Lai Weiyi , Li Jianyin , Feng Weibo , Li Yonghao , Wei Ting Daniel Shu , Lin Haotian
Published: January 2020

Retinal detachment can lead to severe visual loss if not treated timely. The early diagnosis of retinal detachment can improve the rate of successful reattachment and the visual results, especially before macular involvement. Manual retinal detachment screening is time-consuming and labour-intensive, which is difficult for large-scale clinical applications. In this study, we developed a cascaded deep learning system based on the ultra-widefield fundus images for automated retinal detachment detection and macula-on/off retinal detachment discerning. The performance of this system is reliable and comparable to an experienced ophthalmologist. In addition, this system can automatically provide guidance to patients regarding appropriate preoperative posturing to reduce retinal detachment progression and the urgency of retinal detachment repair. The implementation of this system on a global scale may drastically reduce the extent of vision impairment resulting from retinal detachment by providing timely identification and referral.
Stable chaos and delayed onset of statisticality in unimolecular dissociation reactions
Authors: Karmakar Sourav , Yadav Pankaj Kumar , Keshavamurthy Srihari
Published: January 2020

Statistical models provide a powerful and useful class of approximations for calculating reaction rates by bypassing the need for detailed, and often difficult, dynamical considerations. Such approaches invariably invoke specific assumptions about the extent of intramolecular vibrational energy flow in the system. However, the nature of the transition to the statistical regime as a function of the molecular parameters is far from being completely understood. Here, we use tools from nonlinear dynamics to study the transition to statisticality in a model unimolecular reaction by explicitly visualizing the high dimensional classical phase space. We identify generic features in the phase space involving the intersection of two or more independent anharmonic resonances and show that the presence of correlated, but chaotic, intramolecular dynamics near such junctions leads to nonstatisticality. Interestingly, akin to the stability of asteroids in the Solar System, molecules can stay protected from dissociation at the junctions for several picoseconds due to the phenomenon of stable chaos.
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for reversible monitoring of endogenous SO2/formaldehyde in cytoplasm and nucleoli regions and its applications in living mice
Authors: Ma Yanyan , Gao Wenjie , Zhu Linlin , Zhao Yuping , Lin Weiying
Published: January 2020

A ratiometric fluorescent probe was engineered for the reversible imaging of endogenous sulfur dioxide in the cytoplasm and nucleoli regions of living cells and in living mice.
A stimuli-responsive anticancer drug delivery system with inherent antibacterial activities
Authors: Dey Subhasis , Patel Anjali , Raina Khyati , Pradhan Nirmalya , Biswas Oindrila , Thummer Rajkumar P. , Manna Debasis
Published: January 2020

Stimuli-sensitive modular lipids with sulfonium moieties have properties like the formation of stable liposomes, high phase-transition temperature, controlled drug release efficiency, low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, and antibacterial activities.
Microwave exfoliation of organic-intercalated fluorographites
Authors: Makotchenko Viktor G. , Grayfer Ekaterina D. , Mikheev Alexander N. , Arzhannikov Andrey V. , Saprykin Anatoly I.
Published: January 2020

Microwave exfoliation of intercalated fluorinated graphite (C2F) proceeds differently depending on the nature of the “guest” and produces multi-layer graphenes.
Growth of few-layer graphene on Cu foil by regulating the pressure of reaction gases
Authors: Hou Weiwei , Wang Jianyu , Wang Zhendong , Cao Kai , Qin Liyun , Wang Li
Published: January 2020

A method to grow few-layer graphene in the form of an “inverted pagoda” is proposed by controlling the pressure and the flow rate in a circulating chemical vapor deposition system.
Similarities and differences between potassium and ammonium ions in liquid water: a first-principles study
Authors: Aydin Fikret , Zhan Cheng , Ritt Cody , Epsztein Razi , Elimelech Menachem , Schwegler Eric , Pham Tuan Anh
Published: January 2020

Understanding ion solvation in liquid water is critical in optimizing materials for a wide variety of emerging technologies, including water desalination and purification.
A study on the effects of mixed organic cations on the structure and properties in lead halide perovskites
Authors: Wu Chao , Guo Daoyou , Li Peigang , Wang Shunli , Liu Aiping , Wu Fengmin
Published: January 2020

Four types of organic cation-mixed single crystals were successfully synthesized by partially substituting A site cations to investigate the effect of organic cations on structure, optical features, thermal stability, and electrical transport properties.
Quantum kinetic energy and isotope fractionation in aqueous ionic solutions
Authors: Wang Lu , Ceriotti Michele , Markland Thomas E.
Published: January 2020

Decomposition of the quantum kinetic energy and isotope fractionation ratios uncovers the local solvation structures in aqueous ionic solutions.
XFELs: cutting edge X-ray light for chemical and material sciences
Authors: Asakura Kiyotaka , Gaffney Kelly J. , Milne Christopher , Yabashi Makina
Published: January 2020

Kiyotaka Asakura, Kelly J. Gaffney, Christopher Milne, and Makina Yabashi introduce the PCCP themed issue on X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs).
Synthesis and rhodium complexes of macrocyclic PNP and PONOP pincer ligands
Authors: Hood Thomas M. , Gyton Matthew R. , Chaplin Adrian B.
Published: January 2020

A new dimension in pincer chemistry: introducing phosphine-based macrocyclic pincer ligands PNP-14 and PONOP-14.
Non-transient thermo-/photochromism of iodobismuthate hybrids directed by solvated metal cations
Authors: Hao Pengfei , Wang Weipin , Shen Junju , Fu Yunlong
Published: January 2020

Two isostructural iodobismuthate-based organic-inorganic hybrids are targeted by using distinct solvated metal cations and they exhibit completely different thermo-/photo-responsive properties.
HierarchicalZ-scheme g-C3N4/Au/ZnIn2S4photocatalyst for highly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic nitric oxide removal and carbon dioxide conversion
Authors: Zhang Guping , Zhu Xingwang , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Xu Hui , Lu Jianmei
Published: January 2020

HierarchicalZ-scheme photocatalyst g-C3N4/Au/ZnIn2S4was constructed and applied for highly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic NO removal and CO2conversion.
Risk and life cycle assessment of nanoparticles for medical applications prepared using safe- and benign-by-design gas-phase syntheses
Authors: Weyell P. , Kurland H.-D. , Hülser T. , Grabow J. , Müller F. A. , Kralisch D.
Published: January 2020

Laser vaporisation is a promising technology for the industrial manufacturing of spherical, oxidic nanoparticles, including crystalline, less-agglomerated ferromagnetic maghemite and superparamagnetic silica coated iron oxide composite nanoparticles.
Aqueous electrosynthesis of silver indium selenide nanocrystals and their photothermal properties
Authors: Sousa Felipe L. N. , Souza Brenand A. S. , Jesus Anderson C. , Azevedo Walter M. , Mansur Herman S. , Freitas Denilson V. , Navarro Marcelo
Published: January 2020

The eco-friendly aqueous electrosynthesis of AgIn5Se8 (AISe) nanocrystals (NCs), and their respective core/shell structure AgIn5Se8/ZnS NCs (AISe/ZnS), was carried out by using l-glutathione (GSH) as a stabilizer.
Correction: Disease-specific protein corona sensor arrays may have disease detection capacity
Authors: Caracciolo Giulio , Safavi-Sohi Reihaneh , Malekzadeh Reza , Poustchi Hossein , Vasighi Mahdi , Chiozzi Riccardo Zenezini , Capriotti Anna Laura , Laganà Aldo , Hajipour Mohammad , Di Domenico Marina , Di Carlo Angelina , Caputo Damiano , Aghaverdi Haniyeh , Papi Massimiliano , Palmieri Valentina , Santoni Angela , Palchetti Sara , Digiacomo Luca , Pozzi Daniela , Suslick Kenneth S. , Mahmoudi Morteza
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Disease-specific protein corona sensor arrays may have disease detection capacity’ by Giulio Caracciolo et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2019, 4, 1063–1076.
Homoleptic and heteroleptic Zn(ii) selone catalysts for thioetherification of aryl halides without scrubbing oxygen
Authors: Vaddamanu Moulali , Velappan Kavitha , Prabusankar Ganesan
Published: January 2020

Tetra-coordinated zinc imidazoline selone complexes were synthesized and utilized as potential catalysts in the thioetherification of aryl halides without scrubbing oxygen.
Ag+–3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine as a probe for colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid in beverages
Authors: Shu Xin , Chen Yongren , Yuan Chunling , Wang Yilin
Published: January 2020

A novel and sensitive method for ascorbic acid (AA) determination utilizing Ag+–3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a colorimetric probe was proposed.