bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de ansiedad y frecuencia cardíaca: ensayo clínico aleatorizado de la remoción químico-mecánica de caries con papacárieDuoTM. Proyecto piloto
Authors: Lopes-Craveiro Elisa , Jansiski-Motta Lara , Alfaya Thays-Almeida , Leal de-Godoy Camila Haddad , Bruno Laura Hermida , Kalil-Bussadori Sandra
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de ansiedad y frecuencia cardíaca en pacientes infantiles sometidos a tratamiento con PapacárieDuoTM, comparado a un grupo control con el uso del método tradicional (fresa). Métodos: Se desarrolló un ensayo clínico aleatorizado en 7 pacientes infantiles (5 a 11 años). Fueron tratados 2 molares deciduos en cada niño, realizando la aleatorización para los dos grupos (G1= remoción químico-mecánica de la caries con Papacárie DuoTM; G2= remoción de la dentina cariada utilizando fresa con baja velocidad), realizando un procedimiento restaurador similar en ambos (cemento de ionómero de vidrio) y control. Se evaluó el tiempo de duración del procedimiento, ansiedad y frecuencia cardíaca. Los datos fueron tabulados con el programa SPSS para Windows (v.17) y analizados estadísticamente mediante el Test Wilcoxon, para los resultados del test VPT; el Test t pareado, para la frecuencia cardíaca, y el Test t para el tiempo de tratamiento, considerándose el nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados: La media del tiempo para el G1 fue menor (p<0.001), así como la frecuencia cardíaca en el mismo grupo luego de finalizado el tratamiento (p=0.042). No hubo diferencia estadística en las reacciones emocionales antes (p=0.317), durante (p=0.355) y después (p=0.564) de los procedimientos. Conclusión: El tiempo operatorio y la frecuencia cardíaca fueron menores en los niños tratados con el Papacárie DuoTM al ser comparados con los que fueron tratados con tratamiento convencional. Estos hallazgos demuestran las ventajas de los tratamientos conservadores en dientes deciduos.
Protocolo de atención odontológica en niños con Epidermólisis Ampollar
Authors: Scagnet Gabriela
Published: February 2021

La atención odontológica de los niños con Epidermólisis ampollar (EA) o bullosa (EB) son un inmenso desafío para la práctica odontológica ya que se trata de un grupo de trastornos hereditarios que manifiestan aparición de ampollas en piel y mucosas al roce o suave trauma. Presentan múltiples manifestaciones orofaciales que requieren de un protocolo de atención interdisciplinaria específico que comprenda un alto componente preventivo. Se describirán los principales ítems del mismo y las posibilidades de rehabilitación bucal integral personalizada.
Maloclusiones en dentición mixta en un grupo de niños Venezolanos VIH/SIDA
Authors: Guerra María Elena , Medina A Carolina , Carrasco William , Albornoz Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

En niños VIH/SIDA son múltiples las patologías bucales siendo las maloclusiones en dentición mixta las menos estudiadas. Objetivo: Determinar las maloclusiones dentales presentes en niños VIH/SIDA que acudieron al CAPEI/UCV. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal y prospectivo en una muestra de 53 niños VIH/ SIDA que acudieron al CAPEI/UCV durante el año 2011, se analizaron los tipos de maloclusión dental y la prevalencia de maloclusiones. Resultados: La edad media fue 8,5 años, la prevalencia de maloclusiones fue de un 100%, el 100% presentó perdida prematura de algún diente primario, La maloclusión más frecuente fue la Clase II, observandose en 29 pacientes (54,7%) seguida de clase I en 21 pacientes (40%) que corresponden en su totalidad a Clase I tipo 5 causada por perdida prematura del molares primarios y Clase III en 3 pacientes (5%). Conclusión: Resaltamos que perdida prematura de dientes primarios la etiología más frecuente de las maloclusiones.
Asociación entre agenesia dental y maloclusión en pacientes pediátricos
Authors: Medina A Carolina , Del Pozo R
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La agenesia dental es la anomalía del desarrollo más frecuente en el ser humano, asociándose a maloclusiones y alteraciones funcionales. Objetivo: El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la asociación entre la agenesia de dientes permanentes y la presencia de maloclusiones en pacientes pediátricos en el área Metropolitana de Caracas, Venezuela. Material y métodos: Fueron evaluados 1.188 radiografías panorámicas y 648 registros ortodóncicos de pacientes sanos con edades entre 5 y 18 años, registrando agenesia de dientes permanentes, exceptuando terceros molares. La maloclusión se diagnosticó según Angle. Fueron calculados estadísticos descriptivos, diferencias entre promedios y correlaciones entre variables (t de Student, rho de Pearson, p=0,05, odds ratio). Resultados: La prevalencia de agenesia fue 5,6%, siendo la media 1,64 y afectando mayormente al sexo femenino (1,44:1). Los dientes más afectados fueron segundos premolares inferiores (35,19%), e incisivos laterales superiores (30,55%). La prevalencia de maloclusión fue mayor en el grupo con agenesia dental (Clase I 52%, Clase II 31%, Clase III 17%) al comparar con el grupo control (Clase I 77%, Clase II 14%, Clase III 9%); habiendo correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el número de dientes ausentes y Clase III. Conclusión: La prevalencia y distribución de agenesia dental variaron entre géneros, siendo el femenino el más afectado. Hubo correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre el número de dientes afectados y la maloclusión Clase III.
Estimation of Individual Tree Health Condition for Japanese Mountain Cherry (Cerasus jamasakura) Using Airborne LiDAR
Authors: Sasaki Takeshi , Imanishi Junichi , Iida Yoshihiko , Song Youngkeun , Morimoto Yukihiro , Kojima Tamao
Published: March 2021

This study examined the usefulness of airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for estimating the individual tree health condition in Japanese mountain cherry (Cerasus jamasakura) in Yoshinoyama, Nara Prefecture, Japan. LiDAR variables that represented the ratio of lasers hitting tree components were calculated and their effectiveness was examined by relating them to the results of conventional field-based visual tree health assessments based on ordination, correlation analyses, and generalized linear models. The results showed that many of the LiDAR variables had significant correlations with the variables derived from visually evaluated tree health condition. In particular, the proportion of “only” returns, which represents the ratio of the lasers reflected from the crown surfaces, was the most effective for estimating total health condition in relation to the crown density, one of the key health indicators for representing physical properties. The individuals with large estimation errors had smaller crowns than the individuals with small errors, suggesting that sufficiently large crown sizes are important for more accurate estimations of the tree health condition using airborne LiDAR data.
Internationalization of Bulgarian Tourism Business
Authors: Gorcheva Tanya
Published: March 2021

This research aims to trace the internalization process of the tourism business over the last decades in our country. Several foreign economic factors have reasoned it by virtue of the open character of our national economy, the course of the transition economy reforms, and the peculiarities of the Bulgarian economy EU integration. The relation (internationalization of business - the internationalization of the national economy) is studied in different directions and methodologies, but in the present study, an adapted version of the method developed by Alan Rugman is applied. The primary approach is based on comparing the degree of internationalization in the national economy and the degree of internationalization of a specific type of business. The degree of internationalization is measured with the help of variables and a system of indicators, which are directed respectively to the business environment of the Bulgarian economy and the specifics of the Bulgarian tourism business. As analysis findings of the processes of internationalization in the context of tourism, it is concluded that these processes play an essential role in determining the position of Bulgarian tourism in its inevitable competitive opposition to other tourist destinations and their business. The limitation has been identified in two periods of research on the degree of internationalization of business - the first covers seven years before Bulgaria's accession to the EU, and the second period - is almost ten years after the signing of the membership agreement. The practical implication of the study is that the increasing degree of internationalization of the tourism business in our country complements the overall result of the internationalization of the Bulgarian economy. This is especially clear in the second observed period of the study, which is expected to achieve a general synergy effect for the economy as a whole. The originality of the research consists in the adaptation and approbation of a known methodology for studying the internationalization processes to the specifics of the tourism business and a given economy, such as the Bulgarian one, for two separate periods.
the numerical solution of two point boundary value problem for the Helmholtz type equation by finite difference method with non regular step length between nodes
Authors: Pandey Pramod
Published: March 2021

In this article, we have presented a variable step finite difference method for solving second order boundary value problems in ordinary differential equations. We have discussed the convergence and established that proposed has at least cubic order of accuracy. The proposed method tested on several model problems for the numerical solution. The numerical results obtained for these model problems with known / constructed exact solution confirm the theoretical conclusions of the proposed method. The computational results obtained for these model problems suggest that method is efficient and accurate.
Outcomes of VATS for non - small cell lung cancer at Viet Duc University Hospital
Authors: Lê Văn Thực , Phạm Hữu Lư
Published: February 2021

Tóm tắt
Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả của phẫu thuật nội soi lồng ngực điều trị ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ (UTPKTBN) tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức giai đoạn
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu 84 người bệnh (NB) được chẩn đoán trước mổ ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn I - IIIA và tiến hành phẫu thuật nội soi lồng ngực cắt thùy phổi kèm theo nạo vét hạch.
Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình 57,4 ± 9,52 (từ 25 đến 78 tuổi), tỷ lệ nam/nữ = 1,9. Vị trí u gặp nhiều thùy trên 2 bên phổi. Giai đoạn I chiếm 45,24%. Thời gian phẫu thuật 169,2 ± 47,2 phút, thời gian rút dẫn lưu màng phổi: 6,31 ± 2,15 ngày, thời gian nằm viện: 9,56 ± 2,56 ngày. Biến chứng sau mổ: 8,1% trong đó rò khí kéo dài 85,7%. Ung thư biểu mô tuyến 82,1%. Tỉ lệ sống thêm toàn bộ giai đoạn I, II, IIIA lần lượt là 94,74%; 63,33%; 31,25%. Thời gian sống trung bình chung cho tất cả các giai đoạn là 29,6 ± 12,88 tháng (9 - 54 tháng).
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi lồng ngực cắt thùy phổi, nạo vét hạch tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức là phương pháp điều trị cho UTPKTBN giai đoạn I-IIIA, kết quả khả quan, biến chứng thấp, nằm viện ngắn.

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the results of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for non-small cell lung cancer at Viet Duc University Hospital in the period of 2016 - 2018.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of 84 patients diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer staging I - IIIA and have been performed lobectomy and lymph node dissection by VATS.
Results: Average age 57.4 ± 9.52 (from 25 to 78 years old), male / female ratio = 1.9. The tumor is mostly located at upper lobes on both of the lung. Stage I accounted for 45.24%. The operative time: 169.2 ± 47.2 minutes, the postoperative drainage time: 6.31 ± 2.15 days, hospitalization time: 9.56 ± 2.56 days.
Complication ratio: 8.1% with postoperative air leakage: 85.7%. Adenocarcinoma 82.1%. The total survival rates of stages I, II and IIIA: 94.74%, 63.33% and 31.25%. The average over all survival time: 29.6 ± 12.88 months (9 - 54 months).
Conclusion: VATs for lobectomy and lymph node dissection of lung cancer at Viet Duc University Hospital for lung cancer at I-IIIA stages is feasible with good results, low complications, and short hospital stay.

Key words: Non-small cell lung cancer, lung lobectomy, VATS.
Use Research Like a Champion
Authors: Noakes Sierra
Published: March 2021

How do education leaders’ needs mirror those of athletes? Learn about the need for skill and will when it comes to data-driven decision-making in education.
Learning in the 21st Century: How the American Public, Parents, and Teachers View Students’ Potential and Their Learning Experience
Authors: Pape Barbara
Published: March 2021

Learning in the 21st Century is the first in a series of surveys we plan to conduct to explore how teachers, parents, and the general public view learning and what impacts learning in order to help students reach their potential.
Partnerships that Work: Tapping Research to Address Learner Variability in Young Readers
Authors: Tare Medha , Nobles Susanne , Xiao Wendy
Published: March 2021

Over the past several decades, the student population in the United States has grown more diverse by factors including race, socioeconomic status, primary language spoken at home, and learning differences. At the same time, learning sciences research has advanced our understanding of learner variability and the importance of grounding educational practice and policy in the individual, rather than the fiction of an average student. To address this gap, LVP distills existing research on cognitive, social and emotional, content area, and background Learner Factors that affect learning in various domains, such as reading and math. In conjunction with the development process, LPS researchers worked with ReadWorks to design studies to assess the impact of the newly implemented features on learner outcomes.
Digital Promise COVID-19 Student Survey Topline Data Report
Authors:   Digital Promise,   Langer Research Associates
Published: March 2021

This Digital Promise survey was conducted May 13-June 1, 2020, among a random national sample of 1,008 full- or part-time students enrolled in a two- or four-year college or university who were taking in-person or blended for-credit courses before the coronavirus outbreak began that then transitioned to remote instruction. The sample includes 620 students who took a STEM course that transitioned completely online. Results have a margin of sampling error of 3.6 points for the full sample, 4.6 points among students who took a STEM course, and 5.8 points among those who did not take a STEM course. Error margins are larger for subgroups. At a 50/50 division of opinion, a difference of 8 points between STEM and non-STEM students is needed for significance at the 95 percent confidence level.
Optical Computing: An Introduction
Authors: Sadiku Matthew N. O. , Ashaolu Tolulope J. , Ajayi-Majebi Abayomi , Musa Sarhan M.
Published: February 2021

Optical computing is the use of optical systems to perform numerical computations or process information. It is the science of making computing work better using optics and related technologies. Optical computers are computers of the future that use of light particles called photons. They come as a solution of miniaturizing problem. They are the most feasible devices that can replace electronic computers with impressive speeds. This paper provides a brief introduction to optical computing.
INTAKE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY EARLY WEANED WEST AFRICAN DWARF KIDS FED SOYBEAN DIET AS REPLACER FOR MILK
Authors: OKAGBARE G. O. , AKINSOYINU A. O.
Published: February 2021

Twenty-one early weaned West African dwarf (WAD) goats weighting 1 – 1.5kg at birth were used to asses the utilization of nutrients by kids fed soyabeans diet (SD) as replacer for milk. Replacement of milk with SD up to 50 percent had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on dry matter intake of kids. Nutrient digestibility values however decreased (P < 0.05) with replacement of milk with SD up to 50 percent level. The digestibility of nutrientts increased (P < 0.05)with age of the kids. Weight gain of the kids (up to 9 weeks of age) reduced with partial replacement of milk  with SD up to 50 percent level. Values recorded for average daily weight gain (g/day) for the kids for diets containing 0, 25, and 50 percent SD were 11.2, 6.7 and 3.0, respectively at 4 weeks of age and 24.3, 19.2 and 7.8, respectively at 6 weeks of age. 25 percent replacement of milk with SD gave adequate performance pre-weaned kids. The result also showed that that the level of replacement of milk with SD could be increased up to 50 percent only after 6 weeks of age.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAGASTRICALLY ADMINISTERED SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L) OIL ON GROWTH RATE AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF RATS FED A HIGH-FAT DIET.
Authors: OMAGE J. A. , UMAR I. A. , BAWA G. S.
Published: February 2021

The effect(s) of sesame (Sesamum Indicum L) seed oil on the growth rate, performance and some biochemical parameters in adult albino (Wister) rats maintained on a high fat diet was examined. Adult rats maintained on a high fat diet were intragastrically fed 10mg/ml of sesame seed oil suspended in normal saline, daily for 60 days. Two other groups maintained on the high fat diet only (High fat diet control) and the normal diet (Normal diet control) were included. Water and diet were provided ad libitum. The rats were weighed weekly, while feed supply and left-overs were recorded daily. At 60 days, all animals were killed by decapitation. Blood and liver samples were taken for biochemical analyses. Feeding high fat diet significantly (P<0.05) increased the final body weight, liver and kidney weights of the rats compared to those on normal diet. Administration of sesame seed oil along with high fat diet further increased (P <0.05) the final rat body weight while decrease (P<0.05) was observed in the liver weight and a significant (P 0.05) decrease in the kidney weight was observed compared to the high fat diet fed rats. Biochemical profile shows significantly (P<0.01) higher levels of plasma proteins and globulins in the normal diet-fed rats compared to the high fat-diet-fed rats. Administration of sesame seed oil along with high fat diet significantly (P<0.01) increased the plasma glucose, total proteins, globulins and uric acid concentrations compared to the high fat diet fed rats. Significantly (P<0.01) higher glucose and uric acid levels and a significantly (P<0.01) lower globulin levels were observed in the sesame seed oil group compared to the normal diet control group. The plasma albumin concentration did not differ significantly among the groups.
Comparative energy values of sorghum distillers waste, maize cob and shea butter waste for pigs.
Authors: Bolu S. A. , Balogun O. O.
Published: February 2021

A balance trial aimed at determining the energy values of sorghum Distiller's wastes (SDW), Maize cob(MC) and shea butter waste (SBW) for barrows was conducted using a 4 X 4 Latin square cross-over experimental design. While feed intake was influenced (P<0.05) by the test feed ingredients, the weight gained was not significantly affected (P>0.05). Digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy (GE) as well as metabolizability of digestible energy (DE) were not influenced (P>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment. The energy values (i.e GE, DE, uncorrected metabolizable energy (ME), and metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (MEn) determined for ingredients were different (P<0.05). DE values of 7.19, 6.73 and 15.54 Mj/kg DM;ME values of 5.90, 4.79 and 12.94 Mj/kg Dm were established for SDW, MC and SBW respectively. These ingredients have potentials as alternative low-energy feedstuffs in pig feeds.
SEMEN BACTERIA FLORA OF RHODE ISLAND BREEDER COCKS IN ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: BALE J. O. O. , NWAGU B. I. , ABUBAKAR B. Y. , ONI O. O. , ADEYINKA I. A.
Published: February 2021

The semen used in this was collected from 77 Island Breeder cocks reared in battery cages under intensive management fro a farm in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria using back message procedure, 27 of 77 semen sample (35.1%) contained bacteria isolates.None of the sample grew fungi. Bac teria isolates obtained from the semen include:Escherichia, coli, staphylococcus, aureus, streplococcus faecalis, Proteus species and Klebsiella species. Seventy of the semen sample were negative for brucellosis but sevrn sample exhibited Brucella specie agglutinins using tube agglutination test and level of antibody titres are 61.5, 82.0 and 102.5 iu/ml respectively. The presence of agglutinin detected in this study is significant since brucellosis is of public health and significance. In addition, the presence of bateria contaminantsin semen should be viewed with seriouness. As a consequence, routine control of bateria in collected semen desirable. This study sought to identify the bateria flora and pathogens in semen collected from cocks and see how they be effectively reduced or destroyed in the interest of the efficient collection, preservation and delivery of highly fertile semen artificially. Areas for further investigation were highlighted.
EFFECT OF PALM OIL SUPPLEMENTATION ON CARCASS YIELD AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF GROWING RABBITS.
Authors: IYEGHE-ERAKPOTOBOR G.T. I. , EKPEYONG T.E. , BALOGUN R.O.
Published: February 2021

12 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of palm oil (PO) supplementation at 0%. (control), 3% or 5% levels on carcass yields and fatty acid composition of organs of growing rabbits. Results obtained showed that palm oil supplementation did not significantly affect (P>0.05) carcass and organ yields. Percent analysis however showed that in the heart, myristic acid was highest in the control diet (78.58%), lauric acid in 3% PO (41.56%) and stearic acid in 5% PO (84.43%) groups. In the kidney, there was an increased level of palmitic (1.30-57.06%}but decreased levels of myristic (43.41 -0.51%) and oleic acids (9.26 - 8.08%). There were detectable levels of raprylic, linoleic and arachidonic acids in rabbits fed PO diets compared to none in the control group. On the other hand, there were detectable levels of stearic and lauric acids in the control group but none in the PO groups. In the liver, only lauric, stearic and myristic acids were detected, with the latter not detected in the liver of cor.trol group. Three rabbits on the control diet died as a result of septicaemia. It was concluded from this study that PO seemed to affect organ fatty acid composition but not on weight of organs. The effect on fatty acid composition was however, not consistent.
EFFECT OF FEEDING VARYING LEVELS OF Leucaena leucocephala AND Gliricidia sepium ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors: ODEYINKA S. M.
Published: February 2021

Sixteen West African Dwarf (WAD) goats of 8.3kg average weight were used for the study which was designed to evaluate the effect of feeding varying levels of leucaena and gliricidia on the growth rate, feed intake and digestibility of WAD goats. The animals were randomly allocated to four treatments. In the first treatment, the animals were fed 25% leucaena while in the second, third and fourth treatments they were fed 50%, 75% and 100% leucaena respectively complimented with gliricidia. Data were taken on feed intake, body weights and digestibility. Urine samples of individual animals were also collected to determine the toxicity level of the leucaena inclusion in diets. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance. The results of the study showed that feed intake, body weight gain and dry matter digestibility increased with increase in % leucaena in the diet up to 75% without any deleterious mimosine effects on the animals. Animals on treatment III had the highest growth rate of 28.57+0.06g/head/day while treatment II had the lowest 15.31+0.04g/head/day). From the study, it can be concluded that WAD goats can consume up to 75% leucaena in the diet for optimal feed intake and growth rate.
AN IMPROVISED CHUTE FOR MUTURU CATTLE
Authors: OMEJE S. I.
Published: February 2021

To determine the efficiency of an improvised chute on the progressive walk of Muturu cows, a handling section comprimising a squeeze, 10m long, 1.35m high and 0.60m - 0.80m wide, was improvised with Gmelina posts chalked in 0.60m deep holes at 1.50m distance from each other and connected with rows of barbed wire. In two replicate trials 10 Muturu cows, aged 30-36 months, were passed through the alley until they reached the handling point. The two passes resulted in a mean success rate of 75% attributed to the working efficiency of the improvised chute. It is concluded that in spite of the observed 75% efficiency, the 0.80m - 0.60m width of the improvised chute was on the large side and that narrower, or width-wise adjustable squeezes could be more efficient if tested.
MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY IN VILLAGE CHICKENS IN NIGERIA
Authors: AYORINDE K. L , SONG Y. , DURMMOND P. , SMITH E. J.
Published: February 2021

Indigenous chickens obtained from the central and northern parts of Nigeria were evaluated for incidence and frequencies of endogenous viral, ev, genes 1, 3, 15 and 21 using blood samples collected by branchial venipuncture from free ranging adult birds of both sexes. Results indicated that 60.7% of the birds do not carry any of the four ev elements and that none of the birds carried genes for ev I. The frequencies ev 1, 3, 15 and 21 genes were 0.00, 0.07, 0.07 and 0.24. Significantly (P<0.05) higher frequencies of birds carrying the homozygous negative genes for each of the four ev elements are expected among the local chicken. Significantly (P<0.05) higher frequency of birds carrying the heterozygous than the homozygous positive forms for ev 3, 15 and 21 are also expected. The obtained negative genotypes agree closely with the expected, although slightly lower frequencies were obtained for ev 3 and 15 and higher frequeney for ev 21 than expected. However, there were no birds carrying the homozygous positive forms for ev 3 and ev 15 and slightly lower frequency for ev 21 than expected. The frequencies for the heterozygotes, though slightly lower for ev 21 and higher for ev 3 and 15, agree closely with the expected. Analysis of the DNA finger print, DFP, bands from RFLP studies indicated that the level of genetic diversity in the local chicken in Nigeria is only about 52%. The study suggests that there may be true genetic differences in the Nigerian local chicken population and hence the slightly high variation in genetic differences could be exploited for genetic improvement.
PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION OF DIETS CONTAINING RAW, BOILED OR DEHULLED PIGEONPEA SEED MEALS (Cajanusc cajan) FED TO BROILER FINISHERS
Authors: AMAEFULE K. U. , OBIOHA F. C.
Published: February 2021

One hundred and eighty, 4-week old broilers were used to study the performance of broiler finishers fed diets containing raw, boiled or dehulled pigeonpea seed meals included at levels of 30 and 40% of the diets in a 33 x2 factorially designed experiment. Performance criteria were daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), nutrient utilization and final liveweight of the broilers at the end of 8" week. Results showed that dehulled seed meal diet produced broilers with the highest daily weight gain, final liveweight and protein efficiency ratio, lowest feed intake, FCR and daily protein intake. Broilers fed boiled seed meal diet performed significantly better than those fed raw seed meal diet in all measurements. Broilers fed on 30% inclusion level of PPSM gave better results than those on 40% which significantly depressed growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency and increased protein intake. The interaction between processing methods and inclusion levels were not significant. There was a higher nutrient utilization of dehulled and boiled PPSM diets by broilers than the raw seed meal. Increase in the level of inclusion generally decreased protein retention except for the dehulled PPSM diet. It is concluded that a better option is to dehull boiled pigeonpea seeds and include the meal at not more than 30% of the whole ration for broiler finishers.
Niacin requirement of broilers fed maize - palm kernel meal based diets
Authors: Oloyo R. A.
Published: February 2021

A total of 350 day-old commercial broiler chicks were used in a trial aimed at estimating niacin requirement of broilers fed practical ration based on maize - palm kernel meal. The test diet was supplemented with varying levels of racin so that the rations had 15.0, 22.5, 30.0, 37.5, 45.0, 52.5 and 60.0 mg of the vitamin per kg of feed and were fed to 7 duplicate floor pens with 25 chicks each. The treatments were maintained for a period of 42 days. Estimation of live weight gain, feed intake, apparent utilisation of nitrogen, metabolizable energy, calcium and phosphorus and carcass characteristics, and the incidence of dermatitis and leg deformities showed that dietary niacin level of 37.5 mg/kg feed was adequate for achieving good nutrient utilisation, optimising productive performance and for maintaining good health.
Analysis of issues related to organizational commitment of extension personnel of Oyo and Ogun States agricultural development programs
Authors: Ladebo J. O.
Published: February 2021

Organizational commitment of extension personnel in Oyo and Ogun States Agricultural Development Programmes was studied Organizational commitment is the degree to which the organization members identify with the values and goals of their organization. A census of the ertension personnel in both OYSADEP (312) and OGADEP (136) was performed Usable questionnaires analyzed were 47% for OYSADEP and OGADEP 62.5%. Ninety-five percent of the respondents exhibited low levels of commitment. Identified factors influencing commitment among the ertension personnel include technical subject matter (B=0.179; P<0.001), job involvement (B=0.509; P<0.001), educational qualification (B=0.156; P<0.001) and realization of expectations (B=0.140; p<0.019). For the studied ADPs to motivate their extension workers so as to exhibit committed behaviours, the sustainability of the ADP's need be addressed.
Chemical composition and rumen degradation of diet combinations of cottonseed cake, dried brewer's grains and Lablab purpureus hay incubated in the rumen of fistulated N'dama steers in South-western Nigeria
Authors: Tona G. O. , Agyemang K. , Adeneye J. A. , Akinlade J. A.
Published: February 2021

The chemical composition and dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradation characteristics of four diet combinations ar four total digestible nutrients (TDN) levels of cottonseed cake (CSC), dried brewer's grains (DBG) and Lablab purpureus hay (LL) which were fed to ruminants in the humid zone of Ibadan, South-west Nigeria, were evaluated. TheTDN levels used were 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 kg TDN. The CSC and DBG used are agro-industrial by-products which are used in feeding livestock while the LL is a leguminous plant which is not used much as human feed but is usually grown as forage legume for animal feeding. The completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates was used. The experiment was carried out In Ibadan, South-western Nigeria during the wet season (June to July). The diets were high in crude protein contents so that they had high nutritional potential for ruminants feeding and productivity. The potential degradability (PD) of dry matter (DM) values ranged from 75. 24 to 79.47 g/100g DM, while that for the nitrogen (N) degradability ranged between 88.36 and 94.30 g/100g N. The soluble fraction value of DM degradation and the crude fibre (CF) content of the chemical composition of the diets were significantly correlated (r=0.644; P=0.007). The potential degradability (PD) values for both the DM and N degradabilities were significantly (P>0.05) different among the four treatment diets combinations.
Growth, nutritive value and dry matter degradability of three Tephrosia species
Authors: Babayemi O. J. , Bamikole M. A. , Daniel I. O. , Ogungbesan A. , Babatunde A.
Published: February 2021

Two trials were carried out to evaluate the potential of Tephrosia bracteolata (TB), Tephrosia candida (TC) and Tephrosia linearis (TL) for animal feed. In an 18-week growth experiment, Tephrosia species differed (P <0.05) in leaf number (LN) and stem height (SH). TB and TL had apparent (P<0.05) early and persistent growth than TC until weeks 12 - 18 when all retarded in growth at the commencement of flowering. TC however, increased geometrically in LN and SH. There were significant (P<0.05) differences among the species in dry matter (DM) and acid detergent fibre (ADF). The DM, CP, NDF, ADF, EE and ash range from 30.0, 41.8, 24-26.5, 62.3–68.5, 45.8 - 48.4, 2.3-2.6 and 5.6-6.2% respectively. Calcium and sodium were highest (P<0.05) in TB and TL. species but had similar composition in P, Mg and K. In the second trial, dry matter disappearance and CP release were determined. The Tephrosia species were not significantly (P>0.05) different in degradation characteristics. Lower amounts of crude protein (10-14.81%) was released in the three Tephrosia species. As a result of rapid growth, high nutritive value and easily rumen degradable dry matter of Tephrosia shrubs, ruminants could benefit immensely from the plants.
Antimicrobial resistance of non-clinical Escherichia coli strains from chicken in Nsukka, South-east Nigeria.
Authors: Chah K. F. , Okafor S. C. , Oboegbulem S. I.
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to determine resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinically healthy chickens in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. A total of 324 E. coli strains isolated from cloaca swabs from 390 chickens were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin (25µg), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), Streptomycin (30µg). cefuroxime (20µg), cephalexin (10µg), nalidixic acid (30µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), norfloxacin (10µg), ofloxacin (5µg), pefloxacin (5µg), tetracycline (30µg), chloramphenicol (10µg), cotrimoxazole (50µg), colistin (25µg) and nitrofurantoin (100µg).The strains demonstrated high rates of resistance (34.6%  66.1%) to ampicillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole. None of the isolates was resistant to colistin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. For each antimicrobial agent (except cephalexin), strains from the intensively reared chickens (layers and broilers) displayed higher resistance frequencies than those from the local birds. A total of 49 resistant patterns were recorded for the 228 strains resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, with AmTeCoS and AmTeCfN being the predominant patterns. Because of the great variation in the drug resistance patterns of the Escherichia coli strains, use of antimicrobial agents in the management of E. coli infections in the study area should be based on results of sensitivity tests.
Effect of replacing maize with cassava/brewers dried yeast blend (Cassayeast) on performance of broiler chicks and feed cost in southern Nigeria
Authors: Oruwari B. M. , Anibo A. O. , Nkanta D. M.
Published: February 2021

A feeding trial using 240, day old Anak broiler chicks was conducted in which cassava meal (CM) completely replaced maize in the control diet (A) to formulate five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Dried CM blended with brewers dried yeast (BDY) formed cassayeast with 2.704 parts of CM to 1 part of BDY. The (Cassayeast) CM and BDY blend in the dietary treatments, (B,C,D and E) were 30 CM + 11.1% BDY, 35 CM +12.94% BDY, 40 CM + 14.79% BDY, and 45 CM + 16.64% BDY, respectively, and these treatments had no maize. Dietary treatment A, containing maize, which served as the control had no cassayeast inclusion, thus demonstrating the total replacement of maize by cassayeast in the other dietary treatments. Results showed that significant of maize difference (P<0.5) were observed in the control and at in one cassayeast treatment in feed intake (4.43 as against 4.22kg), body weight (1.94 as against 1.65kg), efficiency of feed utilization (feed: gain ratio 2.19 as against 2.51; gain: feed ratio 0.49 as against 0.43), respectively. However, gizzard weights were not significant. Economic analysis showed that the cost of producing a bird with the maize based diet (A) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that with the cassayeast diets but there was not difference among the cassayeast diets (B-E). The maize based diet was most expensive (₦ 29.68 per kg diet) while diet C was the cheapest (₦ 25.57 per kg). The study demonstrated that the use of cassaveast has a place in the broiler industry, thus indicating that with proper protein balancing, cassava can completely replace maize in broiler diets.
Haematology of normal and trypanosome infected Muturu cattle in southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Mbanasor U. U. , Anene B. M. , Chime A. B. , Nnaji T. O. , Eze J. I. , Ezekwe A. G.
Published: February 2021

Blood parameters of 23 Muturu cattle in a herd were studied between April and August 1998 by monthly examination of their blood samples. Fourteen of a total of 110 blood samples analysed (5 samples were unsuitable for analysis) were infected with Trypanosoma vivax. Data from the trypanosome-infected blood were included to evaluate the role of trypanosome infection. The blood values of infected animals were except for the erythrocyte indices of MCH and MCHC indistinguishable from those of uninfected animals. There were variations due to age and physiological status (Open heifer, pregnant and lactating). Mean RBC and WBC count, MCV and monocyte count were lower in calves than older animals. Open heifers had higher mean RBC and monocyte count, and lower WBC count, MCV and MCH than pregnant and suckling cows.
Studies on dog population and its implication for rabies control
Authors: Faleke O. O.
Published: February 2021

Dog population studies were carried out in Agbowo area, Ibadan. Oyo state using the street Counting Technique and Questionnaire Survey approaches. 17 dogs were observed on average through street counting technique, 719 houses and structures were identified both inhabited and uninhabited on 42 street networks. 25 households with 441 inhabitants responded positively to Questionnaire Survey. The ratio of household dogs to man and street dogs to man were 1:11 and 1:25 respectively. The level of rabies vaccination observed was 33.3% while only 5% of the dogs were immunized against canine distemper, hepatitis and leptospirosis. Four people were bitten either by their dog or other people's dog. 68% of the household dogs were outdoor most of the tinie and unleashed deriving their food from family food waste and scavenging about. In view of these observations there is need to embark on a nationwide dog population census for effective veterinary healthcare delivery system.
Preliminary studies on A.C/D.C heat source cum kerosene lantern for egg incubation
Authors: Adewunmi B. A.
Published: February 2021

The study was initiated to determine the possibility of using a.c/d.c heat source to power table incubators for domestic and small scale production of chicks. A low cost electrical incubator with a capacity for 60 eggs was designed and used for the study. The incubator was provided with a kerosene lantern to supplement the a.c/d.c heat source during prolonged power failure, with the combustion products from the lantern prevented from having contact with eggs. The incubator was equally provided with a fan to assist air circulation. Three tests were conducted. The temperature and relative humidity in the incubator during the tests were found to be adequate and within the recommended limits. The actual percentage hatchability in the incubator was relatively low with a maximum record of 18.75%. it was found that the embryos in the fertilized but unhatched eggs actually developed but died in shell within the 18th and 21st day of incubation. It was also found that almost all the embryos that died were fully developed when the shells were broken after the incubation period. Preventing such occurrences would improve the hatchability result of the incubator. This could be achieved by improving the ventilation in the incubator and improving on the present design.
Performance of growing pigs and finisher broilers housed together
Authors: Obikaonu H. O. , Udedibie A. B. I.
Published: February 2021

Growth performance and cost of feeding young growing pigs and finisher broilers under integrated broiler pig production system were investigated. Four young growing pigs (the control) were housed in pen A and fed B of their body weight as commercial growers feed. Another 4 were housed in pen B with broilers in cages placed above them and given 2% of their body weight as commercial growers feed and allowed to make up with droppings from the broilers above. Another 4 were housed without broilers in pen C and given 2% of their body weight as commercial growers feed and droppings collected from broilers housed without pigs in pen D. Each pig within a treatment was tagged and regarded as a replicate. The broilers were put in the cages at week 5 and given broiler finisher feed ad libitum. They were removed at 9 weeks of age and replaced with another batch similarly raised, a process that was repeated 3 times in the 12-week trial. The growth rate of the pigs of the control group was statistically similar to that of the group housed with broilers (P>0.05) bur significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the group housed without broilers. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio of the broilers housed with pigs and those housed without pigs. Cost analysis of the production systems showed that N104.00 was spent on feed to produce 1.0kg live weight of pigs in the control group and N65.00 for the other two groups.
Growth, survival and nutrient utilization of the brackish water catfish (Chrysicthys walkeri) fry as affected by dietary protein and energy levels
Authors: Obasa S. O.
Published: February 2021

The effect of varying dietary protein and calorie levels on the growth, survival and nutrient utilization of 540 brackish water catfish (Chrysicthys walkeri) fry average liveweight of 0.14g was investigated in a 3x3 factorial experiment with 3 calorie levels ( 2800, 3000 and 3200 Kcal ME/Kg diet) and 3 levels of crude protein (36%, 39% and 42%) giving a total of 9 diets, fed to the fish for a period of 56 days. Mean weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival and protein productive value were significantly higher (P<0.05) in fish fed diet 6 (3000 Kcal ME/Kg and 42% crude protein) when compared to other diets. Weight gain was highest in diet 6 with a value of 0.64g and lowest (significantly P<0.05) with a value of 71.67% and lowest in diet 1 (2800Kcal ME/Kg and 36% crude protein) with a value of 53.34%, while protein productive value was higher in diet 6 (78.40) and lowest in diet (2800Kcal ME/Kg, 39% crude protein) with a value of value of 64.33%. Thus, C. walkeri for survived and performed best when fed on 42% crude protein and 3000Kcal ME/kg diet.
Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed high fibre sunflower seed cake diets
Authors: Adeniji C. A.
Published: February 2021

A feeding trial was conducted to assess the levels of inclusion of high fibre sunflower seed cake HFSSC) protein as replacement for soybean cake protein in the diets of broiler chicken at 0,25,50,75 and 100%. At the starter phase feed intake and feed efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) increased as the level of HFSSC increased in the diets. Weight gain and protein efficiency ratio were however significantly (P<0.05) reduced when over 25% of HFSSC was included in the diet. At the finisher phase same trend was observed except that weight gain and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) reduced when over 50% HFSSC was included in the diet. Significant (P<0.05) differences were in liveweight, plucked and dressing percentages at the starter and finisher phases. Reduction in abdominal fat deposition was obtained at the starter and finisher phases while gizzard weights were significantly (P<0.05) increased. The results of this study show that 50% soybean cake protein in the diets of broiler chicken can be replaced by HFSSC.
Nutrient utilization by rabbits fed brewers' dried grains from different proportions of barley, maize and sorghum
Authors: Olupona J. A. , Balogun O. O.
Published: February 2021

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the energy and protein of Brewers' Dried Grains (BDG) produced from different proportions of harley, maize and sorghum on the performance of rabbits. Sixteen (16) rabbits made up of New Zealand and Chinchilla, eight (8) weeks old averaging 1.20kg were used in the trial in a completely randomized design. The four (4) diets were BDG (maize: barley: sorghum) (BDG MBS); BDG (maize: harley) (BDGMB); BDG (maize: sorghum) (BDG MS) and BDG (sorghum) (BDG S). The diets were the only source of protein and energy. The treatment effect was significant (p < 0.05) with the highest crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention values recorded for BDG MBS. The digestible and metabolizable energy values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) for the BDG investigated. The digestible energy values determined for BDG MS, BDGS, BDG MBS and BDG MB in W/kg of dry matter were 16.97, 15.57, 14.84 and 13.35 respectively while the values for ME in MJ/kg of dry matter were 16.32, 14.91, 14.31 and 12.34 respectively. BDG from local sources have potential to make complete feed for rabbits judging from their impressive energy and protein values.
Effects of domestic effluent utilisation on the blood characteristics of grower pullets
Authors: Olaremi O. I. A. , Sridhar M. K. C.
Published: February 2021

Two hundred 10- weeks old golden Hubbard grower chickens were randomly assigned to four water treatments: tap water (TW), alum treated domestic sewage (ATDS), secondary treatment domestic sewage (STDS) and raw domestic sewage (RDS). Each treatment was replicated twice with 25 birds per replicate. The trial lasted for 9 weeks. The experimental waters were analysed to determine their quality, water consumption by the chickens in each treatment was measured to assess their acceptability and the effects of water treatments on hematological and serum biochemical constituents over time were evaluated. The sequence of water quality in decreasing order is TW, ATDS, STDS and RDS. The effect of the water treatments on water consumption of the chickens was not significant (p>0.05). The packed cell volune, haemoglobin, serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, serum calcium and serum phosphorus of the birds were not significantly different (p>0.05) at each bleeding throughout the experiment. While the blood constituents evaluated all had values within the normal limits, the concentrations of calcium in the sera of the bird receiving AIDS were slightly lower at weeks 5 and 9. The chickens on any of the treatments suffered no apparent harm. The physiological constitution of the chickens at this stage of growth appears to be able to accommodate the differences in the chemical and physical compositions of the domestic sewage effluents without disrupting the animal health.