bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As ações possessórias como instrumento de garantia da ordem social
Authors: Oliveira Kamilee Lima de
Published: February 2020

Entender a relação do indivíduo com o direito à posse acarreta em diversas consequências, sendo uma delas a forma como a busca pelo possuir pode provocar grandes embates sociais, fazendo com que alguns instrumentos, dentre eles as ações possessórias, sejam criados com objetivo de assegurar soluções para estes litígios possessórios. Logo, o objetivo principal deste artigo é compreender de que forma as ações possessórias, em especial a de reintegração e manutenção de posse, podem ser vistas como mecanismos de garantia da ordem social. Além disso, têm-se os objetivos de discutir a natureza jurídica da posse e sua relação com o homem natural, além da interligação entre a prática de atos de esbulho e turbação com a não efetividade do direito social à moradia, para que assim se possa entender como as ações possessórias previstas no Código de Processo Civil caracterizariam uma maneira de garantir a ordem social. Para tal, foi utilizado o método dedutivo, de modo que a pesquisa apresenta natureza qualitativa, estando alicerçada por um levantamento bibliográfico documental e eletrônico, juntamente com o uso de fontes cinematográficas e jornalísticas. Em conclusão, o presente estudo agrega contribuições tanto para o âmbito acadêmico quanto para o mundo jurídico como um todo, uma vez que permite o exame sobre um dos direitos mais debatidos ao longo da história, fazendo com que a tutela jurídica ofertada pelo Poder Judiciário seja ainda mais eficiente e o Direito cumpra o seu papel de resguardar a paz social.
Consumo alimentar e os pressupostos dos tipos de estilos de vida atual
Authors: Oliveira Rosilene Gonçalves de , Donato Naccer Cayc Ribeiro
Published: February 2020

O consumo alimentar nas sociedades atuais se tornou um dos principais aspectos para as vidas dos indivíduos sociais, esse dita os padrões alimentares diferentes em todo o globo, entretanto, são perceptíveis categorias e subcategorias de tipos de consumos alimentares, influenciado pela globalização e a produção em massa dos alimentos. Neste sentido, o trabalho cria, de forma inédita, categorias especificas para os determinados padrões dos consumos alimentares, a partir dos referenciais de todo o globo, divulgados pelos principais órgãos de controle e de segurança mundial da produção e do consumo dos alimentos. Os padrões alimentares são: 1) ‘seguidores das dietas sustentáveis’; 2) ‘seguidores do consumo alimentar industrializado e urbanizado’; 3) ‘os seguidores de dietas da suficiência’; 4) ‘sem entendimento de sua alimentação’; 5) ‘criativos e inovadores’. Com o método hipotético-dedutivo se analisam os tipos dos estilos de vida, de forma global e transversal, que surgem através do mercado globalizado de consumo dos alimentos. Percebe-se que as influências das principais políticas do controle e da produção de alimentos moldam e são moldados pelo mercado de consumo de alimentos. Os indivíduos sociais são identificados, muitas vezes, pelos seus tipos de consumo alimentares, estes são os motivos iniciais e finais de toda a produção em massa de alimentos e as inovações dos seus variados segmentos.
As características da escola clássica da administração no projeto integrador do IFNMG: campus Araçuaí
Authors: Silva Sheldon William , Barbosa Flavia Luiz , Santos Gladson Elias dos , Reis Helviana Tathiely Cardoso , Gomes João Paulo de Oliveira , Soares Joice Gomes , Ramalho Marcia Silvino
Published: February 2020

O advento da Revolução Industrial, iniciada no século XVIII, na Inglaterra, se caracterizou pela inserção das máquinas na fabricação dos produtos em uma substituição ao processo manual de produção. O período marcou, não apenas pela criação de maquinário capaz de elevar os níveis de produtividade fabril, mas também por ter propiciado o surgimento dos primeiros estudos voltados para o âmbito organizacional. O presente artigo se constitui em uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória que tem por objetivo identificar as características da Escola Clássica da Administração presentes no Projeto Integrador do IFNMG - Campus Araçuaí. Para tanto, buscou-se, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e estudo de campo, analisar como os princípios clássicos se dão no processo de elaboração e execução do trabalho, numa perspectiva que supera o pensamento linear. Tem-se, portanto, a manifestação das concepções feitas pelos teóricos da Escola Clássica para além das grandes indústrias, numa proximidade com a realidade próxima, isto é, para o cotidiano, inclusive o acadêmico.
Transparencia, de la debilidad a la fortaleza
Authors: Montaña Jordi
Published: February 2020

Martes 14 de enero, una explosión en una empresa química en el sur de Cataluña. Durante 48 horas reina el silencio. Miércoles 15 de enero, el juez imputa a la antigua cúpula de una compañía de supermercados. ¿La respuesta de los protagonistas? Ninguna. Mientras, los medios de comunicación elaboran relatos que ponen en entredicho la gestión de estas compañías, las redes sociales hierven y la sociedad y/o cada individuo, libremente, se configura su propia idea.
Two-step Meta-heuristic Approach for a Vehicle Assignment Problem – Case from İstanbul/Turkey
Authors: Yücenur G. Nilay
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a two-step meta-heuristic approach is proposed for vehicle assignment problem with geometric shape-based clustering and genetic algorithm. First, the geometric shape-based clustering method is used and then the solution of this method is given to the genetic algorithm as initial solution. The solution process is continued by genetic algorithm. There are 282 bus lines in İstanbul European side. Those buses should be assigned to six bus garages. The proposed method is used to determine the minimum distance between the bus lines and garages by assigning buses to garages. According to the computational results, the proposed algorithm has better clustering performance in terms of the distance from each bus-line start point to each bus garage in the cluster. The crossover rate changing method is also applied as a trial in order to improve the algorithm performance. Finally, the outputs that are generated by different crossover rates are compared with the results of the k-Nearest Neighbour algorithm to prove the effectiveness of the study.
Structural model for differential cap maturation at growing microtubule ends
Authors: Estévez-Gallego Juan , Josa-Prado Fernando , Ku Siou , Buey Ruben M , Balaguer Francisco A , Prota Andrea E , Lucena-Agell Daniel , Kamma-Lorger Christina , Yagi Toshiki , Iwamoto Hiroyuki , Duchesne Laurence , Barasoain Isabel , Steinmetz Michel O , Chrétien Denis , Kamimura Shinji , Díaz J Fernando , Oliva Maria A
Published: February 2020

Microtubules (MTs) are hollow cylinders made of tubulin, a GTPase responsible for essential functions during cell growth and division, and thus, key target for anti-tumor drugs. In MTs, GTP hydrolysis triggers structural changes in the lattice, which are responsible for interaction with regulatory factors. The stabilizing GTP-cap is a hallmark of MTs and the mechanism of the chemical-structural link between the GTP hydrolysis site and the MT lattice is a matter of debate. We have analyzed the structure of tubulin and MTs assembled in the presence of fluoride salts that mimic the GTP-bound and GDP•Pi transition states. Our results challenge current models because tubulin does not change axial length upon GTP hydrolysis. Moreover, analysis of the structure of MTs assembled in the presence of several nucleotide analogues and of taxol allows us to propose that previously described lattice expansion could be a post-hydrolysis stage involved in Pi release.
LRRK2 maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and regulates innate immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Weindel Chi G , Bell Samantha L , Vail Krystal J , West Kelsi O , Patrick Kristin L , Watson Robert O
Published: February 2020

The Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated gene leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been studied extensively in the brain. However, several studies have established that mutations in LRRK2 confer susceptibility to mycobacterial infection, suggesting LRRK2 also controls immunity. We demonstrate that loss of LRRK2 in macrophages induces elevated basal levels of type I interferon (IFN) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and causes blunted interferon responses to mycobacterial pathogens and cytosolic nucleic acid agonists. Altered innate immune gene expression in Lrrk2 knockout (KO) macrophages is driven by a combination of mitochondrial stresses, including oxidative stress from low levels of purine metabolites and DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation. Together, these defects promote mtDNA leakage into the cytosol and chronic cGAS engagement. While Lrrk2 KO mice can control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) replication, they have exacerbated inflammation and lower ISG expression in the lungs. These results demonstrate previously unappreciated consequences of LRRK2-dependent mitochondrial defects in controlling innate immune outcomes.
Complex Systems Science and Community-Based Research
Authors: Moore Travis Robert , VonVille Helena , Poel Winnie , Romo Glory Dee A. , Lim Ian , Coulter Robert W.S.
Published: February 2020

There is an abundance of community-based research literature that incorporates complex system science concepts and techniques. However, currently there is a gap in how these concepts and techniques are being used, and, more broadly, how these two fields complement one another. The debate on how complex systems science meaningfully bolsters the deployment of community-based research has not yet reached consensus, therefore, we present a protocol for a new scoping review that will identify characteristics at the intersection of community-based research and complex systems science. This knowledge will enhance the understanding of how complex systems science, a quickly evolving field, is being utilized in community-based research and practice.
Aerosols chemical composition, light extinction, and source apportionment near a desert margin city, Yulin, China
Authors: Lei Yali , Shen Zhenxing , Tang Zhuoyue , Zhang Qian , Sun Jian , Ma Yongjing , Wu Xiaoyan , Qin Yiming , Xu Hongmei , Zhang Renjian
Published: February 2020

Daily PM10and PM2.5 sampling was conducted during four seasons from December 2013 to October 2014 at three monitoring sites over Yulin, a desert margin city. PM10 and PM2.5 levels, water soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) were also analyzed to characterize their chemical profiles. bext (light extinction coefficient) was calculated, which showed the highest in winter with an average of 232.95 ± 154.88 Mm−1, followed by autumn, summer, spring. Light extinction source apportionment results investigated (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 played key roles in the light extinction under high RH conditions during summer and winter. Sulfate, nitrate and Ca2 + dominated in PM10/PM2.5 ions. Ion balance results illustrated that PM samples were alkaline, and PM10 samples were more alkaline than PM2.5. High SO42−/K+ and Cl−/K+ ratio indicated the important contribution of coal combustion, which was consistent with the OC/EC regression equation intercepts results. Principal component analysis (PCA) analyses results showed that the fugitive dust was the most major source of PM, followed by coal combustion & gasoline vehicle emissions, secondary formation and diesel vehicle emissions. Potential contribution source function (PSCF) results suggested that local emissions, as well as certain regional transport from northwesterly and southerly areas contributed to PM2.5 loadings during the whole year. Local government should take some measures to reduce the PM levels.
Towards a taxonomic revision of the genusCyrtochilum(Orchidaceae) in Northwestern South America (Northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela)
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta
Published: February 2020

This article is a presentation of taxonomic diversity of the orchid genusCyrtochilumin Northwestern South America. The morphological characteristics of over 90 species occurring in northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela are presented together with illustrations of their floral segments. Information about the distribution of each taxon is provided. Ten morphologically consistent groups have been delineated to facilitate identification ofCyrtochilumrepresentatives in the studied area. Keys for determination of species within each group are provided. Seven new species ofCyrtochilumare described and one new combination is proposed.
Phase Noise Effects and Mitigation Techniques
Authors: Corvaja Roberto , Armada Ana García
Published: February 2020

The effect of phase noise in 5G is very relevant. With OFDM, correction schemes can combine phase noise reduction and channel estimation. In 5G, the use of multiple‐input‐multiple output requires the extension to MIMO‐OFDM, in particular using zero‐forcing (ZF) and maximum ratio transmission (MRT). The phase noise degradation shows a greater robustness of MRT, although with lower achievable rates, even with imperfect channel knowledge. In massive MIMO, hybrid analog–digital schemes are considered to reduce the complexity and different pre‐coding and combining schemes have different sensitivity to phase noise. The trade‐off between achievable rate and sensitivity to phase noise is shown.
Epidemiology and volume‐outcome relationship of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure in Japan: A retrospective observational study using a national administrative database
Authors: Muguruma Kohei , Kunisawa Susumu , Fushimi Kiyohide , Imanaka Yuichi
Published: February 2020

Aim

To describe the epidemiology of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and investigate the possible association between outcomes for respiratory ECMO patients and hospital volume of ECMO treatment for any indications.

Methods

Using data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, a nationwide Japanese inpatient database, between 1 July 2010 and 31 March 2018, we identified inpatients aged ≥18 years who underwent ECMO. Institutional case volume was defined as the mean annual number of ECMO cases; eligible patients were categorized into institutional case volume tertile groups. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. For ECMO patients with respiratory failure, the association between institutional case volume group and in‐hospital mortality rate was analyzed using a multilevel logistic regression model including multiple imputation.

Results

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was carried out on 25,384 patients during the study period; of those, 1,227 cases were for respiratory failure. Respiratory cases were categorized into low‐ (<8 cases/year), medium‐ (8–16 cases/year), and high‐volume groups (≥17 cases/year). The overall in‐hospital mortality rate for respiratory ECMO was 62.5% in low‐, 54.7% in medium‐, and 50.4% in high‐volume institutions. With reference to low‐volume institutions, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the medium‐ and high‐volume institutions for in‐hospital mortality were 0.72 (0.50–1.04; P = 0.082) and 0.65 (0.45–0.95; P = 0.024), respectively.

Conclusions

The present study showed that accumulating the experience of using ECMO for any indications could positively affect the outcome of ECMO treatment for respiratory failure, which suggests the effectiveness of consolidating ECMO cases in high‐volume centers in Japan.
Hydrogenolysis of Polysilanes Catalyzed by Low‐Valent Nickel Complexes
Authors: Pribanic Bruno , Trincado Monica , Eiler Frederik , Vogt Matthias , Comas‐Vives Aleix , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: February 2020

The dehydrogenation of organosilanes (RxSiH4−x) under the formation of Si−Si bonds is an intensively investigated process leading to oligo‐ or polysilanes. The reverse reaction is little studied. To date, the hydrogenolysis of Si−Si bonds requires very harsh conditions and is very unselective, leading to multiple side products. Herein, we describe a new catalytic hydrogenation of oligo‐ and polysilanes that is highly selective and proceeds under mild conditions. New low‐valent nickel hydride complexes are used as catalysts and secondary silanes, RR′SiH2, are obtained as products in high purity.
RASS‐Enabled S/P−C and S−N Bond Formation for DEL Synthesis
Authors: Flood Dillon T. , Zhang Xuejing , Fu Xiang , Zhao Zhenxiang , Asai Shota , Sanchez Brittany B. , Sturgell Emily J. , Vantourout Julien C. , Richardson Paul , Flanagan Mark E. , Piotrowski David W. , Kölmel Dominik K. , Wan Jinqiao , Tsai Mei‐Hsuan , Chen Jason S. , Baran Phil S. , Dawson Philip E.
Published: February 2020

DNA encoded libraries (DEL) have shown promise as a valuable technology for democratizing the hit discovery process. Although DEL provides relatively inexpensive access to libraries of unprecedented size, their production has been hampered by the idiosyncratic needs of the encoding DNA tag relegating DEL compatible chemistry to dilute aqueous environments. Recently reversible adsorption to solid support (RASS) has been demonstrated as a promising method to expand DEL reactivity using standard organic synthesis protocols. Here we demonstrate a suite of on‐DNA chemistries to incorporate medicinally relevant and C−S, C−P and N−S linkages into DELs, which are underrepresented in the canonical methods.
Multifunctional AuI‐based AIEgens: Manipulating Molecular Structures and Boosting Specific Cancer Cell Imaging and Theranostics
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zou Hang , Lei Jinping , He Benzhao , He Xuewen , Sung Herman H. Y. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Zheng Lei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2020

Gold(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene (AuI‐NHC) complexes have emerged as potential anticancer agents owing to their high cytotoxicity and stability. Integration of their above unique functions with customized aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens to achieve specific bioimaging and efficient theranostics to cancer is highly desirable but is rarely studied. Now, a series of novel AuI‐NHC compounds were developed with AIE characteristics. A complex with a PPh3 ligand was selected out as it could achieve both prominent specific imaging of various cancer cells and efficient inhibition of their growth with negligible toxic effects on normal cells due to the targeting binding and strong inhibition towards thioredoxin reductase. This complex could also act as a powerful radiosensitizer to boost the anticancer efficacy with performance superior to that of popularly used auranofin. It holds great potential as a specific and effective theranostic drug in cancer diagnosis and precise therapy.
A Universal Strategy toward Ultrasmall Hollow Nanostructures with Remarkable Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Fan Minmin , Liao Dankui , Aboud Mohamed F. Aly , Shakir Imran , Xu Yuxi
Published: February 2020

A facile and versatile microwave‐assisted and shell‐confined Kirkendall diffusion strategy is used to fabricate ultrasmall hollow nanoparticles by modulating the growth and thermal conversion of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals on graphene. This method involves that the adsorption of microwave by graphene creates a high‐energy environment in a short time to decompose the in situ grown MOF nanocrystals into well‐dispersed uniform core–shell nanoparticles with ultrasmall size. Upon a shell‐confined Kirkendall diffusion process, hollow nanoparticles of multi‐metal oxides, phosphides, and sulfides with the diameter below 20 nm and shell thickness below 3 nm can be obtained for the first time. Ultrasmall hollow nanostructures such as Fe2O3 can promote much faster charge transport and expose more active sites as well as migrate the volume change stress more efficiently than the solid and large hollow counterparts, thus demonstrating remarkable lithium‐ion storage performance.
Facile and Versatile Synthesis of End‐Functionalized Poly(phenylacetylene)s: A Multicomponent Catalytic System for Well‐Controlled Living Polymerization of Phenylacetylenes
Authors: Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Yoshida Takumi , Echizen Kensuke , Takayama Kokoro , Nishimura Tatsuya , Maeda Katsuhiro
Published: February 2020

A rhodium‐based multicomponent catalytic system for well‐controlled living polymerization of phenylacetylenes has been developed. The catalytic system is composed of readily available and bench‐stable [Rh(nbd)Cl]2, aryl boronic acid derivatives, diphenylacetylene, 50 % aqueous KOH, and PPh3. This system offers a method for the facile and versatile synthesis of various end‐functionalized cis‐stereoregular poly(phenylacetylene)s because components from aryl boronic acids and diphenylacetylene were introduced to the initiating end of the polymers. The polymerization reaction shows a typical living nature with a high initiation efficiency, and the molecular weight of the resulting poly(phenylacetylene)s can be readily controlled with very narrow molecular‐weight distributions (Mw/Mn=1.02–1.09). The experimental results suggest that the present catalytic system has a higher polymerization activity than the polymerization activities of other rhodium‐based catalytic systems previously reported.
Ligand‐Enabled β‐Methylene C(sp3)−H Arylation of Masked Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Xia Guoqin , Zhuang Zhe , Liu Luo‐Yan , Schreiber Stuart L. , Melillo Bruno , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: February 2020

Despite recent advances, reactivity and site‐selectivity remain significant obstacles for the practical application of C(sp3)−H bond functionalization methods. Here, we describe a system that combines a salicylic‐aldehyde‐derived L,X‐type directing group with an electron‐deficient 2‐pyridone ligand to enable the β‐methylene C(sp3)−H arylation of aliphatic alcohols, which has not been possible previously. Notably, this protocol is compatible with heterocycles embedded in both alcohol substrates and aryl coupling partners. A site‐ and stereo‐specific annulation of dihydrocholesterol and the synthesis of a key intermediate of englitazone illustrate the practicality of this method.
Asymmetric β‐Methylation of l‐ and d‐α‐Amino Acids by a Self‐Contained Enzyme Cascade
Authors: Liao Cangsong , Seebeck Florian P.
Published: February 2020

This report describes a modular enzyme‐catalyzed cascade reaction that transforms l‐ or d‐α‐amino acids to β‐methyl‐α‐amino acids. In this process an α‐amino acid transaminase, an α‐keto acid methyltransferase, and a halide methyltransferase cooperate in two orthogonal reaction cycles that mediate product formation and regeneration of the cofactor pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate and the co‐substrate S‐adenosylmethionine. The only stoichiometric reagents consumed in this process are the unprotected l‐ or d‐α‐amino acid and methyl iodide.
The Glutathione/Metallothionein System Challenges the Design of Efficient O2‐Activating Copper Complexes
Authors: Santoro Alice , Calvo Jenifer S. , Peris‐Díaz Manuel David , Krężel Artur , Meloni Gabriele , Faller Peter
Published: February 2020

Copper complexes are of medicinal and biological interest, including as anticancer drugs designed to cleave intracellular biomolecules by O2 activation. To exhibit such activity, the copper complex must be redox active and resistant to dissociation. Metallothioneins (MTs) and glutathione (GSH) are abundant in the cytosol and nucleus. Because they are thiol‐rich reducing molecules with high CuI affinity, they are potential competitors for a copper ion bound in a copper drug. Herein, we report the investigation of a panel of CuI/CuII complexes often used as drugs, with diverse coordination chemistries and redox potentials. We evaluated their catalytic activity in ascorbate oxidation based on redox cycling between CuI and CuII, as well as their resistance to dissociation or inactivation under cytosolically relevant concentrations of GSH and MT. O2‐activating CuI/CuII complexes for cytosolic/nuclear targets are generally not stable against the GSH/MT system, which creates a challenge for their future design.
Reprogramming of sugar transport pathways in Escherichia coli using a permeabilized SecY protein‐translocation channel
Authors: Guo Qiang , Mei Sen , Xie Chong , Mi Hao , Jiang Yang , Zhang Shi‐Ding , Tan Tian‐Wei , Fan Li‐Hai
Published: February 2020

In the initial step of sugar metabolism, sugar‐specific transporters play a decisive role in the passage of sugars through plasma membranes into cytoplasm. The SecY complex (SecYEG) in bacteria forms a membrane channel responsible for protein translocation. The present work shows that permeabilized SecY channels can be used as nonspecific sugar transporters in Escherichia coli. SecY with the plug domain deleted allowed the passage of glucose, fructose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose, and, with additional pore‐ring mutations, facilitated lactose transport, indicating that sugar passage via permeabilized SecY was independent of sugar stereospecificity. The engineered E. coli showed rapid growth on a wide spectrum of monosaccharides and benefited from the elimination of transport saturation, improvement in sugar tolerance, reduction in competitive inhibition, and prevention of carbon catabolite repression, which are usually encountered with native sugar uptake systems. The SecY channel is widespread in prokaryotes, so other bacteria may also be engineered to utilize this system for sugar uptake. The SecY channel thus provides a unique sugar passageway for future development of robust cell factories for biotechnological applications.
The product‐market performance benefits of environmental policy: Why customer awareness and firm innovativeness matter
Authors: Rahman Mahabubur , Aziz Saqib , Hughes Mathew
Published: February 2020

Researchers have widely studied the nexus between corporate environmental (“green”) policy and its green performance and firm financial performance, but with mixed findings. A potential explanation for these mixed findings is the focus of extant studies on the direct and immediate impact of environmental performance on financial performance to the exclusion of firm‐specific boundary conditions. Furthermore, all prior research study the effect of environmental performance on either stock market‐based performance measures (i.e., stock return) or accounting‐based performance measures (i.e., return on assets). A missing third dimension of firm performance, product–market‐based performance (i.e., market share), has so far remained unexplored despite representing a crucial objective when innovating. Using Newsweek's annual green ranking as a novel measure of environmental performance for a panel of U.S. firms from 2010 to 2015, this paper attempts to fill these voids in the literature. The results show a positive relationship between firms' environmental performance and market share as a measure of product–market‐based performance. The findings further demonstrate that this relationship is positively moderated by the level of customer awareness and innovativeness of the firm: The higher the level of awareness of a firm's environmental credentials and innovativeness, the stronger the effects of environmental performance on market share. Our results are robust against endogeneity concerns and alternative measures of firm financial and environmental performance.
Dynamic surveillance of tamoxifen‐resistance in ER‐positive breast cancer by CAIX‐targeted ultrasound imaging
Authors: Li Ying , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhou ZhiWei , Li Qing , Westover Kenneth D. , Wang Meng , Liu Junjun , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Jin , Xu Bo , Wei Xi
Published: February 2020

Tamoxifen‐based hormone therapy is central for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. However, the acquired tamoxifen resistance, typically co‐exists with hypoxia, remains a major challenge. We aimed to develop a non‐invasive, targeted ultrasound imaging approach to dynamically monitory of tamoxifen resistance. After we assessed acquired tamoxifen resistance in 235 breast cancer patients and a list of breast cancer cell lines, we developed poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐carbonic anhydrase IX mono antibody nanobubbles (PLGA‐PEG‐mAbCAIX NBs) to detect hypoxic breast cancer cells upon exposure of tamoxifen in nude mice. We demonstrate that carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression is associated with breast cancer local recurrence and tamoxifen resistance both in clinical and cellular models. We find that CAIX overexpression increases tamoxifen tolerance in MCF‐7 cells and predicts early tamoxifen resistance along with an oscillating pattern in intracellular ATP level in vitro. PLGA‐PEG‐mAbCAIX NBs are able to dynamically detect tamoxifen‐induced hypoxia and tamoxifen resistance in vivo. CAIX‐conjugated NBs with noninvasive ultrasound imaging is powerful for dynamically monitoring hypoxic microenvironment in ER+ breast cancer with tamoxifen resistance.
Mechanistic Insights into the Regio‐ and Stereoselectivities of Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone Hydroxylation Catalyzed by CYP3A4 and CYP19A1
Authors: Li Junhao , Tang Yun , Li Weihua , Tu Yaoquan
Published: February 2020

The hydroxylation of nonreactive C−H bonds can be easily catalyzed by a variety of metalloenzymes, especially cytochrome P450s (P450s). The mechanism of P450 mediated hydroxylation has been intensively studied, both experimentally and theoretically. However, understanding the regio‐ and stereoselectivities of substrates hydroxylated by P450s remains a great challenge. Herein, we use a multi‐scale modeling approach to investigate the selectivity of testosterone (TES) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) hydroxylation catalyzed by two important P450s, CYP3A4 and CYP19A1. For CYP3A4, two distinct binding modes for TES/DHT were predicted by dockings and molecular dynamics simulations, in which the experimentally identified sites of metabolism of TES/DHT can access to the catalytic center. The regio‐ and stereoselectivities of TES/DHT hydroxylation were further evaluated by quantum mechanical and ONIOM calculations. For CYP19A1, we found that sites 1β, 2β and 19 can access the catalytic center, with the intrinsic reactivity 2β>1β>19. However, our ONIOM calculations indicate that the hydroxylation is favored at site 19 for both TES and DHT, which is consistent with the experiments and reflects the importance of the catalytic environment in determining the selectivity. Our study unravels the mechanism underlying the selectivity of TES/DHT hydroxylation mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP19A1 and is helpful for understanding the selectivity of other substrates that are hydroxylated by P450s.
Interlaboratory concordance of p16/Ki‐67 dual‐staining interpretation in HPV‐positive women in a screening population
Authors: Benevolo Maria , Mancuso Pamela , Allia Elena , Gustinucci Daniela , Bulletti Simonetta , Cesarini Elena , Carozzi Francesca Maria , Confortini Massimo , Bisanzi Simonetta , Carlinfante Gabriele , Rubino Teresa , Rollo Francesca , Marchi Natalina , Farruggio Angelo , Pusiol Teresa , Venturelli Francesco , Giorgi Rossi Paolo ,   the New Technologies for Cervical Cancer 2 Working Group
Published: February 2020

Background

p16/Ki‐67 dual staining is a candidate biomarker for triaging human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive women. Reproducibility is needed for adopting a test for screening. This study assessed interlaboratory reproducibility in HPV‐positive women.

Methods

All women positive for HPV from the Italian New Technologies for Cervical Cancer 2 study, were included in this study. ThinPrep slides were immunostained for p16/Ki‐67 in 4 laboratories and were interpreted in 7 laboratories. Each slide had 3 reports from different laboratories. Slides were classified as valuable or inadequate, and valuable slides were classified as positive (at least 1 double‐stained cell) or negative. Interlaboratory reproducibility was evaluated with κ values.

Results

Overall, we obtained 9300 reports for 3100 cases; 905 reports (9.7%) were inadequate. The overall adequacy concordance was poor (κ = 0.224; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.183‐0.263). The overall positivity concordance was moderate (κ = 0.583; 95% CI, 0.556‐0.610). Of the 176 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (CIN‐2+) lesions found in HPV DNA–positive women, 158 had a valid result: 107 were positive in all 3 reports (sensitivity for CIN‐2+, 67.7%; 95% CI, 59.8%‐74.9%), 23 were positive in 2 reports (sensitivity of the majority report, 82.3%; 95% CI, 75.4%‐87.9%), and 15 were positive in 1 report (sensitivity of at least 1 positive result, 91.8%; 95% CI, 86.3%‐95.5%). Thirteen CIN‐2+ cases were negative in all 3 reports. The overall positivity concordance in CIN‐2+ samples was κ = 0.487 (95% CI, 0.429‐0.534), whereas in the non–CIN‐2+ samples, it was κ = 0.558 (95% CI, 0.528‐0.588).

Conclusions

The p16/Ki‐67 assay showed poor reproducibility for adequacy and good reproducibility for positivity comparable to that of cervical cytology. Nevertheless, the low reproducibility does not affect the sensitivity for CIN‐2+.
Parallel computing modes of multiobjective game
Authors: Bao Wei , Pan Chuang Ye , Wang Lu , Zhang Qing , Xie Neng Gang
Published: February 2020

For the design of multiobjective optimum decision, three methods based on parallel computing and game theory were raised to transfer the multiobjective design into the decision. Then, the multiobjective optimum design problems of numerical calculation examples, compensative sheave block, and antiseismic design of arch structures can be solved. Three parallel computing modes (ie, I, II, and III) were designed correspondingly. First, parallel mode I can make the game process visually intuitive with the disadvantage that the computing load cannot be balanced. Second, parallel mode II can better solve the imbalance of computing load between different objectives, obtain good parallel speedup and host efficiency. Furthermore, parallel mode III has the advantages of the above two parallel modes. However, its disadvantage is that data exchange between computing units is frequent, and this results in an increase in communication time. The simulation results suggest that all the parallel game algorithms can give considerations to multiple objectives, improve the seeking efficiency and make the solutions more robust.
Measuring life satisfaction among psychiatric patients: Measurement invariance and validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale
Authors: Jovanović Veljko , Lazić Milica , Gavrilov‐Jerković Vesna
Published: February 2020

The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the measurement invariance and the convergent validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) across clinical and nonclinical samples. A total of 216 psychiatric patients (47.7% females; Mage = 44.56) and 235 participants from the general population (54.5% females; Mage = 43.11 years) were recruited. The measurement invariance was tested by a multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis. Full scalar invariance of the SWLS was supported. Psychiatric patients reported substantially lower life satisfaction than participants from the general population. The SWLS demonstrated good convergent validity in both samples. The present study supported the use of the SWLS as a measure of life satisfaction among psychiatric patients.
Both glycaemic control and insulin dose during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes are associated with neonatal anthropometric measures and placental weight
Authors: García‐Patterson Apolonia , Ovejero Diana , Miñambres Inka , Chico Ana , Gil Pedro Alejandro , Martínez María‐José , Adelantado Juan María , de Leiva Alberto , Gich Ignasi , Desoye Gernot , de Mouzon Sylvie Hauguel , Corcoy Rosa
Published: February 2020

Background

To investigate longitudinal associations of maternal glucose/HbA1c and insulin dose with birthweight‐related outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We performed a cohort study including 473 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes with singleton pregnancies. We investigated maternal self‐monitored blood glucose (SMBG, mmol/L), HbA1c (%, mmol/mol) and insulin dose (IU/kg/day) in the three trimesters as potential independent variables, while adjusting for potential confounders. Outcomes of interest were birthweight, birthweight SD score, neonatal length, weight/length index, ponderal index and placental weight. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with separate analyses for SMBG and HbA1c.

Results

Maternal glucose and insulin dose were independently associated with birthweight‐related outcomes. In the main analysis, in the first trimester most associations were positive for insulin dose, in the second the associations were positive for glucose and inverse for insulin while in the third there were no associations. Most sensitivity analyses produced consistent results. In a sensitivity analysis splitting the first trimester in two periods, positive associations of maternal insulin with birthweight‐related outcomes were observed in weeks 0+ to 6+.

Conclusions

Early in pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes, maternal insulin dose is positively associated with birthweight‐related outcomes, whereas in the second trimester, a positive association with SMBG emerges and the association with maternal insulin becomes inverse. If confirmed in other cohorts, these results would have implications in the management of women with type 1 diabetes.
Degradation and longevity of solar photovoltaic modules—An analysis of recent field studies in Ghana
Authors: Quansah David A. , Adaramola Muyiwa S. , Takyi Gabriel
Published: February 2020

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has attracted an enormous amount of attention and investment in recent years—translating to record deployment levels. This is due to in part to its potential role as a cleaner energy source in the emissions‐constrained development agenda that is currently being pursued at both global and national levels. Solar PV has also been propelled to the forefront of today's menu of technological options by virtue of its attributes such as scalability, fast deployment lead times, and low operating cost. Substantial investments are needed in the coming years in order to accomplish climate targets and other goals set by various countries and regional/subregional blocs. In support of informed investment decision‐making and ultimately, improved outcomes of solar PV projects, there has been an uptick in studies on operational performance of fielded PV systems across the globe. These studies are, however, geographically unbalanced, and there is the need for data from underrepresented regions. This paper presents a synthesis of results obtained from recent seminal field studies on PV module performance degradation in Ghana. The studies altogether analyzed sixty‐five (65) modules (mono‐ and polycrystalline silicon) from twenty‐nine (29) installations across the country (1118 module‐years). The field‐aged modules were characterized in situ using current‐voltage (I‐V) curves, visual inspection checklists, and thermal imaging. Annual module performance degradation rates (peak power) of 0.8%‐7%, 0.55%‐2.07%, and 1.1%‐2.4% were found for modules located in various climate subcategorizations.
Gas‐kinetic unified algorithm for plane external force‐driven flows covering all flow regimes by modeling of Boltzmann equation
Authors: Li Zhi‐Hui , Hu Wen‐Qiang , Peng Ao‐Ping , Wu Jun‐Lin , Lee Chun‐Hian
Published: February 2020

The nonequilibrium steady gas flows under the external forces are essentially associated with some extremely complicated nonlinear dynamics, due to the acceleration or deceleration effects of the external forces on the gas molecules by the velocity distribution function. In this article, the gas‐kinetic unified algorithm (GKUA) for rarefied transition to continuum flows under external forces is developed by solving the unified Boltzmann model equation. The computable modeling of the Boltzmann equation with the external force terms is presented at the first time by introducing the gas molecular collision relaxing parameter and the local equilibrium distribution function integrated in the unified expression with the flow state controlling parameter, including the macroscopic flow variables, the gas viscosity transport coefficient, the thermodynamic effect, the molecular power law, and molecular models, covering a full spectrum of flow regimes. The conservative discrete velocity ordinate (DVO) method is utilized to transform the governing equation into the hyperbolic conservation forms at each of the DVO points. The corresponding numerical schemes are constructed, especially the forward‐backward MacCormack predictor‐corrector method for the convection term in the molecular velocity space, which is unlike the original type. Some typical numerical examples are conducted to test the present new algorithm. The results obtained by the relevant direct simulation Monte Carlo method, Euler/Navier‐Stokes solver, unified gas‐kinetic scheme, and moment methods are compared with the numerical analysis solutions of the present GKUA, which are in good agreement, demonstrating the high accuracy of the present algorithm. Besides, some anomalous features in these flows are observed and analyzed in detail. The numerical experience indicates that the present GKUA can provide potential applications for the simulations of the nonequilibrium external‐force driven flows, such as the gravity, the electric force, and the Lorentz force fields covering all flow regimes.
How Youth and Adults With Negative Reading Histories Found a Way to Enjoy Reading
Authors: Hall Leigh A.
Published: February 2020

Individuals who self‐identify as poor readers can have a range of reading experiences, practices, and abilities. The author examined how adolescents and adults who self‐identified as poor readers (a) found enjoyment in reading an interactive fiction app, (b) why they chose to engage with a text‐based app, and (c) if their involvement with the app changed their reading practices. Participants were heavily involved in reading on the app, and their experiences allowed them to enjoy reading and begin to see themselves as readers in a positive light. However, all participants reported that they were uninterested in reading outside the app. Findings indicate that a positive experience can help youth and adults change how they engage with texts, but more support is required to help them engage with texts more broadly.
PDK1 is important lipid kinase for RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation and function via the regulation of the Akt‐GSK3β‐NFATc1 signaling cascade
Authors: Xiao Dongliang , Zhou Quan , Gao Yunbing , Cao Baichuan , Zhang Qiong , Zeng Gaofeng , Zong Shaohui
Published: February 2020

Perturbations in the balanced process of osteoblast‐mediated bone formation and osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption leading to excessive osteoclast formation and/or activity is the cause of many pathological bone conditions such as osteoporosis. The osteoclast is the only cell in the body capable of resorbing and degrading the mineralized bone matrix. Osteoclast formation from monocytic precursors is governed by the actions of two key cytokines macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL). Binding of RANKL binding to receptor RANK initiates a series of downstream signaling responses leading to monocytic cell differentiation and fusion, and subsequent mature osteoclast bone resorption and survival. The phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)‐protein kinase B (Akt) signaling cascade is one such pathway activated in response to RANKL. The 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), is considered the master upstream lipid kinase of the PI3K‐Akt cascade. PDK1 functions to phosphorylate and partially activate Akt, triggering the activation of downstream effectors. However, the role of PDK1 in osteoclasts has yet to be clearly defined. In this study, we specifically deleted the PDK1 gene in osteoclasts using the cathepsin‐K promoter driven Cre‐LoxP system. We found that the specific genetic ablation of PDK1 in osteoclasts leads to an osteoclast‐poor osteopetrotic phenotype in mice. In vitro cellular assays further confirmed the impairment of osteoclast formation in response to RANKL by PDK1‐deficient bone marrow macrophage (BMM) precursor cells. PDK1‐deficient BMMs exhibited reduced ability to reorganize actin cytoskeleton to form a podosomal actin belt as a result of diminished capacity to fuse into giant multinucleated osteoclasts. Notably, biochemical analyses showed that PDK1 deficiency attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and downstream effector GSK3β, and reduced induction of NFATc1. GSK3β is a reported negative regulator of NFATc1. GSK3β activity is inhibited by Akt‐dependent phosphorylation. Thus, our data provide clear genetic and mechanistic insights into the important role for PDK1 in osteoclasts.
The cellular stress response in fish exposed to salinity fluctuations
Authors: Evans Tyler G. , Kültz Dietmar
Published: February 2020

Salinity stress occurs when salt concentration in the environment changes rapidly, for example because of tidal water flow, rainstorms, drought, or evaporation from small bodies of water. However, gradual changes in salt concentration can also cause osmotic stress in aquatic habitats if levels breach thresholds that reduce the fitness of resident organisms. The latter scenario is exemplified by climate change driven salinization of estuaries and by dilution of ocean surface salinity through changes in the water cycle. In this review, we discuss how fish employ the evolutionarily conserved cellular stress response (CSR) to cope with these different forms of salinity stress. Macromolecular damage is identified as the cause of impaired physiological performance during salinity stress and serves as the signal for inducing a CSR. Basic aspects of the CSR have been observed in fish exposed to salinity stress, including repair and protection of cellular macromolecules, reallocation of energy, cell cycle arrest, and in severe cases, programmed cell death. Osmosensing and signal transduction events that regulate these aspects of the CSR provide a link between environmental salinity and adaptive physiological change required for survival. The CSR has evolved to broaden the range of salinities tolerated by certain euryhaline fish species, but is constrained in stenohaline species that are sensitive to changes in environmental salinity. Knowledge of how the CSR diverges between euryhaline and stenohaline fish enables understanding of physiological mechanisms that underlie salt tolerance and facilitates predictions as to the relative vulnerabilities of different fish species to a rapidly changing hydrosphere.
Pharmacoeconomics of Parenteral Nutrition with ω‐3 Fatty Acids in Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Pradelli Lorenzo , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Klek Stanislaw , Martindale Robert G.
Published: February 2020

The inclusion of ω‐3 fatty acids as part of parenteral nutrition is associated with clinical benefits such as a reduced likelihood of infectious complications and shorter hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays. As healthcare resources are limited, pharmacoeconomic analyses have been performed, typically modeling studies, using cost and outcomes data to investigate the cost‐effectiveness of parenteral nutrition regimens including ω‐3 fatty acids from fish oil compared with standard parenteral nutrition without such ω‐3 fatty acids. This review covers pharmacoeconomic studies encompassing Italian, French, German, and UK hospitals for ICU and non‐ICU hospitalized patients, and for ICU patients in China. The results show that the use of parenteral nutrition including ω‐3 fatty acids more than offsets any additional acquisition costs in all national scenarios investigated to date, indicating that parenteral nutrition including ω‐3 fatty acids is a clinically and economically beneficial strategy compared with standard parenteral nutrition.