bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional, multicenter survey of the prevalence and influencing factors for migraine in epilepsy
Authors: Shi Wenyan , Sun Hanlin , Peng Wei , Chen Ziyi , Wang Qun , Lin Weihong , Ding Meiping , Sun Hongbin , Wang Xiangqing , Wang Tiancheng , Wang Xuefeng , Liu Yonghong , Chen Yangmei , Zhu Guoxing , Zhou Dong , Li Jinmei
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Epilepsy and migraine are common chronic neurological disease. Epidemiologic studies and shared pathophysiology and treatment suggest that these two diseases overlap. However, migraine is often underestimated among patients with epilepsy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of migraine and identify the related influencing factors among adult patients with epilepsy.

Methods

Adult patients with epilepsy were recruited at the outpatient epilepsy clinic of 13 tertiary hospitals in China from February to September 2022. ID Migraine questionnaire was applied to evaluate for migraine. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the influencing factors of migraine.

Results

A total of 1326 patients with epilepsy were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of migraine among patients with epilepsy was 19.2% (254/1326). In the multivariable analysis, being female (OR = 1.451, 95% CI: 1.068–1.975; p = 0.018), focal and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.090–2.281; p = 0.015), and current seizure attack in the last 3 months (OR = 1.967, 95% CI: 1.282–3.063; p = 0.002) were the influencing factors for migraine. However, <10% of patients with epilepsy received analgesics for migraine.

Significance

Approximately 20% of patients with epilepsy screened positive for migraine. Being female, focal and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, and current seizure attack in the last 3 months were the influencing factors for migraine. Neurologists should pay more attention to the screening and management of the migraine among patients with epilepsy in China.

Plain Language Summary

Epilepsy and migraine are common chronic neurological disease with shared pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic options. However, migraine is often underestimated among patients with epilepsy. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of migraine and current status of treatment. In this study, approximately 20% of patients with epilepsy screened positive for migraine. Female, focal and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, and current seizure attack in the last 3 months were identified as independent influencing factors for migraine. Despite the high prevalence, the treatment for migraine was not optimistic, neurologists should pay more attention to the screening and management of migraine.
The Impact of Combined Sewer Overflows on Pharmaceutical and Illicit Drug Levels in New York/New Jersey Waterways
Authors: Acosta Teeshavi , Chavez Viviana , Fernandez Natalie , Perry Erin , Good Kate , Concheiro Marta
Published: May 2024

Pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse are organic micropollutants of emerging concern in both surface and groundwater worldwide. These compounds are considered to be pseudo-persistent because of their continuous release into water systems. The presence of these compounds in the environment at any concentration poses a potential risk to nontarget organisms. The main sources of these contaminants are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The primary goal of our study was to identify and quantify a panel of 28 commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals (mood-altering drugs, cardiovascular drugs, antacids, antibiotics) and high-prevalence drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, cannabis) in river water samples collected from 19 locations in the Hudson and East rivers in New York City. The second goal was to investigate the possible source (WWTP or CSOs) of these micropollutants. Samples were collected weekly from May to August 2021 (n = 224) and May to August 2022 (n = 232), and placed at −20 °C until analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The most frequently detected analytes in 2021 were metoprolol (n = 206, 92%), benzoylecgonine (n = 151, 67%), atenolol (n = 142, 63%), and methamphetamine (n = 118, 53%), and in 2022 the most frequently detected were methamphetamine (n = 194, 84%), atenolol (n = 177, 76%), metoprolol (n = 177, 76%), and 2-ethylene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (n = 159, 69%). Measured concentrations ranged from the limit of detection (0.50–5.00 ng/L) to 103 ng/L. More drugs and higher concentrations were detected in water contaminated by Enterococci (>60 most probably number) and after rainfall, indicating the influence of CSOs. The presence of drugs in samples with little to no Enterococci and after dry weather events indicates that WWTPs contribute to the presence of these substances in the river, probably due to a low removal rate. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1592–1603. © 2024 SETAC
Fermented red rice improved the antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility of polyphenols, and lipid‐lowering activity in C. elegans
Authors: Zhu Ying , Zhang Yanshun , Qu Caixing , Bai Juan , Zhao Yansheng , Xiao Xiang
Published: May 2024

Red rice is a kind of whole grain with health benefits. Probiotic fermentation is widely applied to promote nutrient release from cereals and improve bioactivity. The study aims to investigate the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) dy‐1 fermentation on the bioactivities, bioaccessibility, and lipid‐lowering activities of red rice. Results indicated that fermentation significantly increased the protein and total phenolic content by 1.7 and 1.4 times of red rice, as well as the content of essential and nonessential amino acids. Fermentation remarkably increased the bioaccessibility of phenolics and the antioxidant capacity of red rice during in vitro digestion. Additionally, Caenorhabditis elegans study revealed that fermented red rice extract reduced the triglyceride content, alleviated fat deposition, and regulated lipid metabolism by altering the genes in the fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, such as daf‐16, mdt‐15, nhr‐49, fat‐5, fat‐7, and hosl‐1. Therefore, L. plantarum dy‐1 fermentation was beneficial for improving bioaccessibility and lipid‐lowering activities of red rice, which will provide a reference for utilization of red rice as a functional food.
Health literacy profiles of final year pre‐service teachers in two initial education programs compared with the general population: A cross‐sectional study using the Health Literacy Questionnaire
Authors: Peralta Louisa R. , Kealy‐Ashby Cassidy , Owen Katherine , Corbett Lucy
Published: May 2024

Issue Addressed

Health literacy (HL) can be developed throughout the lifespan starting from the early years highlighting that educational institutions, curriculum and teachers are powerful settings, places and people that can foster HL in youth. Current research shows that Australian teachers need more support to teach health education that promotes students' HL, with limited research focusing on pre‐service teachers (PST). This study aims to identify the HL strengths and challenges of PST at one Australian university across two initial teacher education programs (HPE and primary) and compare their health literacy profiles with that of the Australian general population.

Methods

The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) was administered in March and April, 2022 to measure HL in Australian PST. The research setting was a university in Sydney, Australia, with two of the University's undergraduate initial teacher education (ITE) programs (Health and Physical Education [HPE] and Primary). Of the 24 PST in the HPE cohort, 23 consented. Of the 70 PST in the Primary cohort, 34 consented. The results were compared with Australian Bureau of Statistics data.

Results

The participants' median age was 22.3(4.3) years (SD), age ranged from 20 to 54 years, with 36% of participants under the age of 22 years. When comparing the PST data with the general population there were two significant differences: (1) PST scored significantly higher than the general population for Domain 4 (Social support for health, 3.41 vs. 3.19; p < 0.001; d = 0.57); and (2) the PST scored significantly lower for Domain 9 (Understand health information enough to know what to do, 4.02 vs. 4.27; p < 0.01; d = −0.43). In addition, we found that primary PST had significantly lower scores for domains 5–9 (demonstrative of interactive and critical HL), compared with the general Australian population.

Conclusions

Findings show that PST strengths are that they perceive that there they are able to access social support for health, however the PST find it more difficult to analyse and apply health information, compared with the general Australian population.

So What?

Further understanding of health literacy profiles of Australian PST should influence the design of ITE programs and its health education curricular to ensure that PST are able to further develop their HL understandings and capabilities.
Enhancement of anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater by addition of conductive materials with or without the combination of external voltage application
Authors: Fountoulakis Michail S , Frkova Zuzana , Lemaigre Sébastien , Goux Xavier , Calusinska Magdalena , Roussel Jimmy
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

The addition of conductive materials or the application of external voltage is a promising novel methodology to enhance methane production in anaerobic digesters. However, there is limited knowledge about their individual or combined effects on the anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of granular activated carbon (GAC) or magnetite addition and external voltage application, both individually and in combination, for the anaerobic digestion of real, undiluted dairy wastewater.

RESULTS

The results showed that the estimated maximum methane production rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 143 ± 8 mL gVSadded−1 day−1 in the control reactors to 163 ± 11 mL gVSadded−1 day−1 and 166 ± 11 mL gVSadded−1 day−1 in the reactors containing GAC, with or without the combination of external voltage, respectively. The addition of GAC, in both cases, resulted in higher consumption rate of acetate, indicating a promotion of the methanogenesis step. By contrast, the application of external voltage or the addition of magnetite had no significant effect on either methane production rate nor methane yield. Moreover, the analysis of the microbial community showed that the addition of GAC resulted in the enrichment of Desulfobacterota, Methanosarcina, Candidatus Methanofastidiosum and Methanolinea.

CONCLUSION

Overall, GAC addition seems a promising strategy to increase methane production in anaerobic digesters treating dairy wastewater. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The impact of virtual reality simulation on dental education: A systematic review of learning outcomes and student engagement
Authors: Algarni Youssef Abdullah , Saini Ravinder S. , Vaddamanu Sunil Kumar , Quadri Syed Altafuddin , Gurumurthy Vishwanath , Vyas Rajesh , Baba Suheel Manzoor , Avetisyan Anna , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Heboyan Artak
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Virtual reality (VR) simulations have been increasingly employed to train dental students prior to clinical practice. According to the literature, blended learning designs in the form of VR simulations can be utilized by both dental students and instructors to provide quality education. They can also save time and improve motor skills before students enter clinical stages. Therefore, this study was designed to review the importance of available VR simulators and their impact on student learning and outcomes.

Method

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines were followed to review the literature systematically, and different databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched (up to December 2023) for relevant articles using keywords: “virtual reality,” “virtual reality simulators,” “virtual reality simulation,” and “dental education.” The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the study quality.

Results

After a comprehensive literature search, 1477 research articles were identified, of which 16 were included in the present study. In terms of students’ learning outcomes, engagement, and optimal approach, a significant improvement was observed compared to conventional training methods, specifically in their knowledge, performance, confidence, and psychomotor skills.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that VR simulators enhance the overall learning abilities of dental students and should be regarded as an integral component of the current curriculum. However, it is important to recognize that VR simulators cannot fully substitute traditional training methods; rather, they can effectively complement them.
Analysis of B‐cell receptor repertoire to evaluate immunogenicity of monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccines
Authors: Funakoshi Yohei , Yakushijin Kimikazu , Ohji Goh , Matsutani Takaji , Doi Kazuhiko , Sakai Hironori , Sasaki Tomoki , Kusakabe Takahiro , Matsumoto Sakuya , Saito Yasuyuki , Kawamoto Shinichiro , Yamamoto Katsuya , Koyama Taiji , Nagatani Yoshiaki , Kurata Keiji , Kimbara Shiro , Imamura Yoshinori , Kiyota Naomi , Ito Mitsuhiro , Minami Hironobu
Published: May 2024

Monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccines were newly developed and approved by the FDA in Autumn 2023 for preventing COVID‐19. However, clinical efficacy for these vaccines is currently lacking. We previously established the quantification of antigen‐specific antibody sequence (QASAS) method to assess the response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination at the mRNA level using B‐cell receptor (BCR) repertoire assay and the coronavirus antibody database (CoV‐AbDab). Here, we used this method to evaluate the immunogenicity of monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccines. We analyzed repeated blood samples of healthy volunteers before and after monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccination (BNT162b2 XBB.1.5 or mRNA‐1273.815) for the BCR repertoire to assess BCR/antibody sequences that matched SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific sequences in the database. The number of matched unique sequences and their total reads quickly increased 1 week after vaccination. Matched sequences included those bound to the Omicron strain and Omicron XBB sublineage. The antibody sequences that can bind to the Omicron strain and XBB sublineage revealed that the monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccines showed a stronger response than previous vaccines or SARS‐CoV‐2 infection before the emergence of XBB sublineage. The QASAS method was able to demonstrate the immunogenic effect of monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccines for the 2023–2024 COVID‐19 vaccination campaign.
MUC5AC: A potential biomarker of severity in pediatric patients infected with influenza
Authors: López Eduardo L. , Martín Ferolla Fausto , Meza Santiago N. , Mascardi Normando , Neira Pablo , Chiormi Agustina , Reyero Mariana , Retta Alejandra , Contrini María M. , Acosta Patricio L.
Published: May 2024

Numerous factors can increase the risk of severe influenza; however, a majority of severe cases occur in previously healthy children. Identification of high‐risk children is important for targeted preventive interventions and prompt treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate MUC5AC as a biomarker for influenza disease severity in children. For this, a prospective cohort study was conducted in 2019. Children hospitalized with acute respiratory infection (ARI) with confirmed positive influenza infection were enrolled. Influenza cases were identified by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Life‐threatening disease (LTD) was defined by the need for intensive care and ventilatory support. MUC5AC, epidemiologic, and clinical risk factors were assessed. Three hundred and forty‐two patients were hospitalized with ARI, of which 49 (14%) had confirmed influenza infection and 6 (12%) of them developed LTD. MUC5AC levels were higher in those patients with mild disease compared to cases with poorer outcomes. Our results show that the severity of influenza infection in children is significantly associated with low levels of MUC5AC. These findings suggest its potential as a suitable biomarker for predicting disease severity.
Integrating dialectical tensions in mindfulness‐informed counseling
Authors: Bellin Zvi
Published: May 2024

This article explores integrating mindfulness within psychotherapy through dialectical humanism. The author integrates Buddhist, Jewish, and contemporary psychology perspectives to explore three dialectical tensions in psychotherapy: striving versus acceptance, becoming versus being, and relevancy versus regularity. The author offers integrative mindfulness techniques for counselors to use with clients.
Achieving sustainable development in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Do human capital and foreign direct investment matter?
Authors: Onatunji Olufemi G.
Published: May 2024

Over the past few decades, there has been a noticeable development of interest among scholars and policymakers worldwide regarding the prominent drivers of sustainable development. The role of human capital and foreign direct investment (FDI) in fostering sustainable development, however, has been largely neglected by policymakers and scholars, despite recent emphasis on FDI amidst current economic performance worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study empirically investigates the effect of human capital and FDI on sustainable development in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) spanning 1991–2021. The empirical analysis was implemented by deploying different techniques, such as feasible generalized least squares, panel corrected standard errors, and Lewbel two‐stage least square techniques, with the panel quantile regression approach as a robustness check. The empirical outcomes show that improvement in human capital via educational attainment fosters economic expansion, employment opportunities, and poverty reduction, whereas an increase in health human capital undermines sustainable development in SSA. The findings also reveal that increasing FDI flows to priority sectors in the region are critical for enhancing human capital, thus stimulating economic performance, job opportunities, and poverty alleviation in SSA. This study puts forward important policy implications for achieving sustainable development.
Gallic Acid Attenuates Sepsis‐Induced Liver Injury through C/EBPβ‐Dependent MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cai Yuwei , Zhao Denghui , Pan Yu , Chen Bingqi , Cao Yifei , Han Shufen , Lian Fuzhi , Zhang Yunlong , Yan Xiao
Published: May 2024

Scope

Liver injury is a major complication associated with sepsis. Together with others, the study has shown that gallic acid (GA) exerts anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects in vivo. However, the role of GA in sepsis‐mediated hepatic impairment and the underlying mechanisms remains to be elucidated.

Methods and results

C57BL/6J mice are pretreated with saline or GA and subjected to sham or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The pathological alterations are assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as immunohistochemical staining. RNA sequencing is employed to analyze hepatic transcriptome modifications. The study finds that GA supplementation significantly ameliorates CLP‐induced mortality, liver dysfunction, and inflammation. RNA sequencing reveals that 1324 genes are markedly differentially regulated in livers of saline‐ or GA‐treated sham or CLP mice. Gene ontology analysis demonstrates that the differentially expressed genes regulated by GA are predominantly correlated with the immune system process, oxidation–reduction process, and inflammatory response. Furthermore, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is localized in the center of the GA‐mediated pathway network. Notably, activation of MAPK by C16‐PAF significantly blocks GA‐mediated protective effects on hepatic injury, inflammation, as well as CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐β (C/EBPβ) dependent extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling.

Conclusion

Therefore, this study indicates that GA may offer a promising therapeutic opportunity for sepsis‐associated liver injury.
An analysis of urodynamic parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic women
Authors: Burns Ramzy T. , Arnold Peter J. , Song Leo , Moss Kevin L. , Powell Charles R.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Diabetes is highly prevalent worldwide, with an estimated 536 million living with diabetes in 2021, and that number projected to increase to 783 million by 2045. Diabetic bladder dysfunction is thought to affect up to 60%–90% of individuals with diabetes and can significantly impact quality of life. Despite the prevalence of diabetic bladder dysfunction, the exact pathophysiological mechanism, and resulting clinical presentation, remains debated. Our objective was to compare urodynamic parameters between diabetic and nondiabetic women, assessing the impact of various markers of diabetes severity on bladder function.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted on female patients aged 18 and above who underwent urodynamic studies at a single tertiary care university hospital system from 2014 to 2020. Patients were categorized based on diabetes status, and diabetes severity including duration of disease, hemoglobin A1c levels, insulin dependence, and markers of end‐organ dysfunction. Urodynamic variables, including compliance, bladder voided efficiency, bladder contractility index, postvoid residual, maximum flow rate, capacity, voided volume, and detrusor overactivity, were assessed by two independent reviewers. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the impact of diabetes and diabetic severity on urodynamic parameters.

Results

A total of 652 female patients were included in the study, of which, 152 (23.3%) had diabetes, with an average duration of diagnosis of 82.3 months. Diabetic women were older and had higher body mass index compared to nondiabetic women. Diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy were present in 18% and 54.6% of diabetic patients, respectively. Significant differences in urodynamic parameters were observed between diabetic and nondiabetic women, with diabetic women showing higher rates of detrusor overactivity (p = 0.01), particularly associated with increasing BMI (p = 0.03). However, classic markers of diabetes severity including duration, as well as markers of end‐organ damage, showed mixed associations with urodynamic changes.

Conclusions

Despite the prevalence of diabetic bladder dysfunction and its impact on patient quality of life, the exact mechanisms and clinical presentation remain elusive. Our study highlights the significant differences in urodynamic parameters between diabetic and nondiabetic women, emphasizing the need for further research into the relationship between diabetes and diabetic bladder dysfunction.
A parareal exponential integrator finite element method for semilinear parabolic equations
Authors: Huang Jianguo , Ju Lili , Xu Yuejin
Published: May 2024

In this article, we present a parareal exponential finite element method, with the help of variational formulation and parareal framework, for solving semilinear parabolic equations in rectangular domains. The model equation is first discretized in space using the finite element method with continuous piecewise multilinear rectangular basis functions, producing the semi‐discrete system. We then discretize the temporal direction using the explicit exponential Runge–Kutta approach accompanied by the parareal framework, resulting in the fully‐discrete numerical scheme. To further improve computational speed, we design a fast solver for our method based on tensor product spectral decomposition and fast Fourier transform. Under certain regularity assumption, we successfully derive optimal error estimates for the proposed parallel‐based method with respect to ‐norm. Extensive numerical experiments in two and three dimensions are also carried out to validate the theoretical results and demonstrate the performance of our method.
Nudging increases take‐up of employment services: Evidence from a large field experiment
Authors: Hopkins Vince , Dorion Jeff
Published: May 2024

When people lose their job, labor market programs help them get back to work. But administrative burdens can hinder enrollment in such programs. We report results from a mixed‐method project to increase enrollment in employment services during the first 3 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. First, we interviewed jobseekers and frontline staff to uncover administrative burdens. Second we worked with staff to co‐design a behavioral “nudge” intervention. Finally, in a large field experiment (N = 14,008), we evaluate the impact of this intervention on participation in employment services. We present two main findings. First, reducing administrative burden triples enrollment in the program within the first 30 days. Second, we test two motivational frames—one emphasizing social norms, another using checklist messaging. We find that message framing drives engagement with communications, such as email open rates and website click‐throughs. However, framing generates no statistically significant difference in enrollment rates. Our results demonstrate the potential for applied behavioral science to improve implementation of labor market policy. We also contribute to current debates about the effectiveness of nudging to increase take‐up of public services.
Enhanced electroactive β‐phase and dielectric properties in P(VDF‐HFP) composite flexible films through doping with three calcium chloride salts: CaCl2, CaCl2·2H2O, and CaCl2·6H2O
Authors: Yuennan Jureeporn , Tohluebaji Nikruesong , Putson Chatchai , Muensit Nantakan , Channuie Phongpichit
Published: May 2024

Flexible dielectric films with a high dielectric constant, utilizing P(VDF‐HFP)/salt composites, were manufactured through the solution casting method. In this work, we studied the impacts of three calcium chloride salts—CaCl2, CaCl2·2H2O, and CaCl2·6H2O—on the surface morphology, crystalline phase transformation, mechanical properties, and dielectric responses of the P(VDF‐HFP) copolymer. The detailed structure and properties of all samples were assessed via scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), tensile testing, and LCR meter analysis. The experimental results demonstrated that the addition of calcium salts to the P(VDF‐HFP) composites induced a visibly microporous morphology, with the porosity and surface roughness of the composites gradually increasing with salt content. In comparison to the pure P(VDF‐HFP) film, the composite films exhibited decreased stiffness and heightened flexibility. Furthermore, a higher β‐phase fraction and notable enhancements in the dielectric constant resulting from the inclusion of calcium salts were observed. Consequently, the P(VDF‐HFP) composite filled with 3 wt% of CaCl2·6H2O demonstrated the highest capability for promoting the β‐phase fraction and dielectric constant, achieving values of 98.33% and 21.49% (at 10 Hz), respectively.
Image driven deep learning method with FFT solver for predicting the microscale full field stress of stochastic boundary composites
Authors: Liao Yong , Wang Bing , Wang Hongyue , Meng Songhe , Fang Guodong
Published: May 2024

A novel image‐driven deep learning approach embedded with model‐data‐knowledge information can directly predict the full field stress distribution and mechanical properties of composites solely based on initial scanning geometry images. The fiber spatial distribution and morphological features are identified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) initially. An effective random fiber generation algorithm is further utilized to generate images database comprising equivalent geometric models of various microstructures. Subsequently, the geometry model images database is analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) to produce the database including the elastic modulus parameters and full field stress distributions of composites with distinct microstructures. Finally, an innovative image‐learning comprehensive paradigm uniting convolutional neural networks and convolutional autoencoders is elaborated systematically to learn the inherent laws of geometry images and field images. The results show that the proposed method have capacity to effectively and accurately predict the elastic modulus and full field stress distributions combined with error analysis even for stochastic boundary composites. The proposed methodology is a symbiosis of cutting‐edge image learning and non‐destructive testing techniques for composites, which can directly use the local non‐destructive or scanning images of composite structural components to quickly obtain field information and further predict damage evolution online.

Highlights

Proposing a novel deep learning approach combined with FFT directly to predict stress distribution of stochastic boundary composites solely based on micro‐images.

Adopting equivalent geometric models dispersed by higher pixels mesh density considering extreme thin interface.

Incorporate adaptive algorithms for streamlined training optimization.

An innovative integration of deep learning and non‐destructive testing technology for the stress distribution and properties prediction online.
‘Main Mechanical Forces‐Chemical Interactions’ Interplay as a Tool to Elucidate Folding Mechanisms
Authors: Larocca Michele , Floresta Giuseppe , Verderese Daniele , Cilibrizzi Agostino
Published: May 2024

The folding of peptides and proteins is rigidly reliant on the ‘chemical information’ carried by the specific amino acid sequence. In this study, three polypeptides (PDBs: 2jof, 1res and 1prv) were investigated as model systems to assess their folded features, thereby enabling further understanding of mechanisms that play a role in regulating the folding process more widely. A novel physico‐chemical approach of analysis is proposed herein, focusing on chemical interactions and their related mechanical forces that we trust are determinant to drive the folding. Through this methodology, we have predicted the conformations adopted by the three polypeptides and compared the outcomes to those experimentally determined, achieving a substantial structural agreement. Molecular dynamic simulations have been carried out to further support our calculations and structural results. Within the three models, we demonstrate that the interaction of each amino acid residue with its neighbour residues is a crucial determinant for the formation of the 3D stable native structures. This article provides initial evidence that the folding occurs by means of mechanical forces developed upon establishing chemical interactions amongst residues, which, in turn, are peculiar to each specific amino acid present in each position of the peptide chain.
Recent advances in Joule‐heating synthesis of functional nanomaterials for photo and electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Luo Laiyu , Wang Siyu , Song Haojie , Jiang Baojiang
Published: May 2024

Background

Catalyst synthesis plays a crucial role in advancing photo and electrocatalysis technologies for sustainable development. However, the traditional thermal radiation heating method suffers from the disadvantages of high energy consumption, low heat transfer efficiency, slow heating speed and long heating time, which leads to the inefficiency and cost increases in catalyst preparation.

Aims

The Joule‐heating ultrafast synthesis method with rapid heating/quenching and shorter heating time has attracted much attention. Despite its potential, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews specifically addressing the synthesis of advanced photo and electrocatalysts via Joule‐heating. Therefore, this review aims to help people quickly understand the advantages of Joule‐heating in the synthesis of photo and electrocatalysts.

Discussion

Herein, we firstly introduce the principles and devices of Joule‐heating, and then we discuss breakthroughs in defect modulation, heterojunction construction, single‐atom catalysts, bimetallic alloy catalysts, high‐entropy alloy catalysts and metastable catalysts achieved through Joule‐heating technology. The diverse applications of these catalysts include hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, oxygen reduction reactions, carbon dioxide reduction reactions, nitrogen reduction reaction and degradation of organic pollutants. Furthermore, this review provides a forward‐looking perspective on future directions for employing Joule‐heating methods in the field of photo and electrocatalysis research.

Conclusion

This review highlights the pivotal role played by Joule‐heating techniques in advancing nanomaterial synthesis as well as developing sustainable high‐performance catalyst systems.
Stressful life events among college student: Direct and indirect relationships with insomnia, depression, self‐esteem, and suicide ideation
Authors: Zou Hongyu , Kong Xiaohua , Chen Ziyao , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2024

Suicide is a serious public health problem and is the fourth leading cause of death among adolescents. Suicide ideation is the most significant predictor of suicide. However, few empirical studies have examined the relationship between stressful life events, insomnia, depression symptoms, self‐esteem, and suicide ideation among college students. This study builds on O'Connor's The integrated motivational‐volitional model of suicidal behavior theory will verify the relationship between these five factors through a large data study among college students, and further reveal the mechanisms and interventions of suicide ideation among college students. A total of 2717 (mean age = 19.81 years, 22.49% male) college students from South China participated in this behavioral and health survey. Using self‐reported questionnaires which were Adolescent Self Rating Life Events Check‐list, MINI‐C, Insomnia Severity Index, PHQ‐9, and Self‐Esteem Scale to assess the subjects’ demographic information, suicide ideation, stressful life events, insomnia, depressive symptoms, and self‐esteem levels as comprehensively as possible. A moderated chain mediation model was used to validate their relationship. The results showed that stressful life events significant positively predicted insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation. The mediating effect of depression between stressful life events and suicide ideation was significant. The chain mediating effect of insomnia and depression between stressful life events and suicide ideation was significant. However, the mediating effect of insomnia between stressful life events and suicide ideation was not significant. Also, the positive prediction of stressful life events and depression on suicide ideation was weaker when the individual's self‐esteem level was higher, and the moderated chain mediating effect was significant. This study developed a moderated chain mediation model, and proposes a new integrated stress coping‐self‐perception model of suicide ideation to discover the important role of self‐esteem levels in adolescent suicide prevention.
Patient‐related factors associated with patient retention and non‐completion in psychosocial treatment of borderline personality disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Lau Parky , Amestoy Maya E. , Roth Maya , Monson Candice
Published: May 2024

The potential efficacy of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is impacted by significant treatment non‐completion (TNC), with meta‐analytic studies reporting rates of attrition of between 25% and 28%. Increasing patient retention could facilitate outcomes and improve resource utilization, given limited healthcare services. A systematic search of PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science Core Collection identified 33 articles that met the criteria for inclusion. Although substantial heterogeneity in terms of methodology and quality of analysis limited conclusions that could be drawn in the narrative review, a few consistent patterns of findings were elucidated, such as Cluster B personality disorder comorbidities and lower therapeutic alliance were associated with TNC. Interestingly, the severity of BPD symptoms was not a predictor of TNC. These findings are discussed in terms of their potential theoretical contribution to TNC. Clinically, there may be value in applying mindfulness and motivational interviewing strategies early on in treatment for individuals who present uncertainty about engaging in treatment. Further research to develop this empirical landscape includes focusing on high‐powered replications, examining burgeoning lines of research, and investigating dynamic predictors of TNC.
Proteomics is advancing the understanding of stallion sperm biology
Authors: Peña Fernando J. , Martín‐Cano Francisco Eduardo , Becerro‐Rey Laura , Ortega‐Ferrusola Cristina , Gaitskell‐Phillips Gemma , da Silva‐Álvarez Eva , Gil María Cruz
Published: May 2024

The mammalian ejaculate is very well suited to proteomics studies. As such, research concerning sperm proteomics is offering a huge amount of new information on the biology of spermatozoa. Among domestic animals, horses represent a species of special interest, in which reproductive technologies and a sizeable market of genetic material have grown exponentially in the last decade. Studies using proteomic approaches have been conducted in recent years, showing that proteomics is a potent tool to dig into the biology of the stallion spermatozoa. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the research conducted, and how these studies have improved our knowledge of stallion sperm biology. The main outcomes of the research conducted so far have been an improved knowledge of metabolism, and its importance in sperm functions, the impact of different technologies on the sperm proteome, and the identification of potential biomarkers. Moreover, proteomics of seminal plasma and phosphoproteomics are identified as areas of major interest.
Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to the analysis of dynamic protein sequences
Authors: Kombo David C. , LaMarche Matthew J. , Konkankit Chilaluck C. , Rackovsky S.
Published: May 2024

We apply methods of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to protein dynamic bioinformatics. We rewrite the sequences of a large protein data set, containing both folded and intrinsically disordered molecules, using a representation developed previously, which encodes the intrinsic dynamic properties of the naturally occurring amino acids. We Fourier analyze the resulting sequences. It is demonstrated that classification models built using several different supervised learning methods are able to successfully distinguish folded from intrinsically disordered proteins from sequence alone. It is further shown that the most important sequence property for this discrimination is the sequence mobility, which is the sequence averaged value of the residue‐specific average alpha carbon B factor. This is in agreement with previous work, in which we have demonstrated the central role played by the sequence mobility in protein dynamic bioinformatics and biophysics. This finding opens a path to the application of dynamic bioinformatics, in combination with machine learning algorithms, to a range of significant biomedical problems.
Discovery of novel Propionamide‐Pyrazole‐Carboxylates as Transketolase‐inhibiting herbicidal candidates
Authors: Sun Susu , Li Yaze , Wang Wenfei , Kou Song , Huo Jinqian , An Zexiu , Zhu Lin , Li Kaiwen , Chen Lai , Zhang Jinlin
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Transketolase (TKL, EC 2.2.1.1) is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway and Calvin cycle, and is expected to act as a herbicidal site‐of‐action. On the basis of TKL, we designed and synthesized a series of 1‐oxy‐propionamide‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylate analogues and evaluated their herbicidal activities.

RESULTS

Methyl 1‐methyl‐5‐((1‐oxo‐1‐((4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)propan‐2‐yl)oxy)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylate (C23) and methyl 1‐methyl‐5‐((1‐oxo‐1‐((perfluorophenyl)amino)propan‐2‐yl)oxy)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylate (C33) were found to provide better growth‐inhibition activities against Digitaria sanguinalis root than those of nicosulfuron, mesotrione and pretilachlor at 200 mg L−1 using the small‐cup method. These compounds were also identified as promising compounds in pre‐emergence and postemergence herbicidal‐activity experiments, with relatively good inhibitory effects toward Amaranthus retroflexus and D. sanguinalis at 150 g ai ha−1. In addition, enzyme inhibition assays and molecular docking studies revealed that C23 and C33 interact favourably with SvTKL (Setaria viridis TKL).

CONCLUSION

C23 and C33 are promising lead TKL inhibitors for the optimization of new herbicides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Online state and unknown inputs estimation for nonlinear systems with particle filter based recursive expectation‐maximization algorithm
Authors: Liu Zhuangyu , Zhao Shunyi , Wan Haiying , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei
Published: May 2024

The article presents an innovative approach to simultaneously estimate states and unknown inputs (UIs) in nonlinear systems using a particle filter (PF) based recursive expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm. This method is distinct from traditional iterative EM algorithms. During the E‐step, it calculates the Q‐function recursively within the maximum likelihood framework, while the PF estimates the system states. The M‐step involves local maximization of the recursive Q‐function to online estimate the UIs. The effectiveness of the PF‐based recursive EM algorithm is demonstrated with a numerical example, and comparisons with the augmented state PF are made to highlight its advantages. Finally, the proposed algorithm is implemented in a real application for the estimation of the continuous fermentation process.
Self‐Powered Hybrid Motion and Health Sensing System Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Zhang Maoqin , Yan Wei , Ma Weiting , Deng Yuheng , Song Weixing
Published: May 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) represents an effective approach for the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and has been explored to combine multiple technologies in past years. Self‐powered sensors are not only free from the constraints of mechanical energy in the environment but also capable of efficiently harvesting ambient energy to sustain continuous operation. In this review, the remarkable development of TENG‐based human body sensing achieved in recent years is presented, with a specific focus on human health sensing solutions, such as body motion and physiological signal detection. The movements originating from different parts of the body, such as body, touch, sound, and eyes, are systematically classified, and a thorough review of sensor structures and materials is conducted. Physiological signal sensors are categorized into non‐implantable and implantable biomedical sensors for discussion. Suggestions for future applications of TENG‐based biomedical sensors are also indicated, highlighting the associated challenges.
Improved Exciton Diffusion through Modulating Förster Resonance Energy Transfer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Mingxu , Zhang Kangning , Li Xuewu , Ge Yufeng , Zhang Wenqing , Lu Peng , Hao Xiaotao
Published: May 2024

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is commonly utilized in organic solar cells (OSCs) to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by promoting molecular interactions. The PCE is greatly affected by the number of photo‐generated excitons that effectively reach interfaces between the donor and acceptor materials of OSCs. However, the correlation between FRET and exciton diffusion has received limited attention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and manipulate FRET process for investigating exciton dynamics in OSCs. Herein, BTA3 and its derivatives are chosen as the third components and energy donors to elucidate the intrinsic photophysical mechanism of FRET in OSCs by manipulating their efficiency. The results unambiguously demonstrate that the addition of guest F‐BTA3 exhibits the highest FRET efficiency, leading to a significant enhancement in the PCE of both PM6:Y6 and PM6:PY‐IT host systems. By correlating FRET process and exciton dynamics, this enhancement to remarkable increment in exciton diffusion length is attributed. Experimental results and theoretical simulations indicate high FRET efficiency arises from strong dipole–dipole interaction, and exhibits a positive correlation with exciton diffusion length. This study showcases the effective regulation of exciton diffusion in OSCs through modulation of FRET, offering a novel perspective for optimizing the performance of organic photovoltaic devices.
Metal‐ and Acid‐Free Photocatalytic Approach Using Quinone‐Based Hyper‐Crosslinked Porous Catalysts for the Valorization of Glycerol into Solketal
Authors: Matarín Angela , González‐Aguilera Laura , Ferrer Maria Luisa , Iglesias Marta , Maya Eva Maria
Published: May 2024

Two metal‐ and acid‐free anthracene (AN) and anthraquinone (AQ)‐based photocatalysts (HCP‐AQ‐2Ph and HCP‐AN‐2Ph) are synthesized and used for the effective acetalization of glycerol to obtain selectively solketal, an added‐value compound with several industrial applications and high demand as an oxygenated additive of fuels. HCP‐AQ‐2Ph and HCP‐AN‐2Ph are prepared by a Friedel–Crafts coupling reaction between the AQ or AN and biphenyl (2Ph) as comonomer which leads to the formation of high thermally stable hyper‐crosslinked porous networks with specific surface areas of 295 and 596 m2 g−1, respectively. Initial tests suggest that HCP‐AN‐2Ph is a less efficient catalyst compared to HCP‐AQ‐2Ph. However, subsequent runs indicate that during the first trial, the AN units are oxidized, resulting in a catalyst (HCP‐AN(OX)‐2Ph) just as effective as the AQ‐based one. The quantitative and selective conversion of glycerol into solketal is achieved in just 3 h using a 4 wt% catalyst and maintaining this catalytic performance for at least 5 cycles. In addition, the process can be scaled allowing the obtaining of solketal with high purity on a gram scale. These results place these catalysts among the most effective for the selective production of solketal from glycerol compared to previously reported metal‐ or acid‐catalyzed reaction.
Browser‐in‐the‐middle attacks: A comprehensive analysis and countermeasures
Authors: Jagannath Raut Omprakash , Jain Ankit Kumar
Published: May 2024

A browser‐in‐the‐middle (BITM) attack occurs when an attacker intercepts and manipulates communication between a user's web browser and the website they are attempting to visit. This approach is risky, as it allows the attacker to eavesdrop on crucial information, such as login passwords or financial details, leading to unauthorized access and potential data breaches. Moreover, the attacker can inject malicious content into the conversation, compromising the integrity of the data shared between the user's browser and the website. The article delves into the BITM attack as a strategy employed in phishing assaults. The article emphasizes precautionary measures to safeguard against BITM attacks. Additionally, it offers insights into how users can defend themselves and respond to an attack. The significance of user awareness in avoiding phishing attempts is a key highlight of the article.