bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crosslinking Nanoarchitectonics of Nitrogen‐doped Carbon/MoS2 Nanosheets/Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrids for Highly Reversible Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Jiabao , Tang Shaocong , Li Ziqian , Wang Chengyin , Li Jinliang , Li Xiaodan , Ding Zibiao , Pan Likun
Published: September 2021

Although it is a promising sodium storage material due to its excellent electrochemical activity, small bandgap, and large interlayer spacing, layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) suffers from poor rate capability and degraded cycling life, resulting from its serious aggregation upon preparation, sluggish reaction kinetics, and structure expansion during cycling. To address these issues, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐assisted fabrication approach was developed for the rational synthesis of an interconnected framework with nitrogen‐doped carbon‐confined MoS2 nanosheets/Ti3C2Tx MXene (MoS2/Ti3C2Tx@NC), where the PEI could guide the uniform growth of MoS2 on Ti3C2Tx and the self‐generated NC simultaneously enhanced its synergistic coupling with MoS2/Ti3C2Tx, thus contributing to the improvement of charge transfer, diffusion kinetics, and structural integrity of the hybrid electrode. Consequently, the desired MoS2/Ti3C2Tx@NC delivered impressive sodium storage performance, demonstrating high reversible capacities of 397.3 and 206.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles, respectively. Moreover, electrochemical kinetics analysis and charge storage mechanism manifested that high capacitive contribution, facilitated Na+ transport pathways, and synergistic electronic coupling between MoS2/Ti3C2Tx and NC contributed to the superior sodium storage performance.
Optimal selection based K‐mean clustering technique to improve the energy efficiency in cognitive radio networks for 6G applications
Authors: Rajavel S. Esakki , Aruna T. , Rajakumar G.
Published: September 2021

The main objective of the cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) is to minimize the energy consumption in channel sensing and switching when sensor nodes sense and switch to a licensed channel for improving the energy efficiency for 6G applications. The drawback in CRSN is that the sensor network uses a higher amount of energy by intrabunch and interbunch of data emission energetic medium ingression assignment problem when the sensor nodes sense the channel. In this brief, a K‐mean clustering technique (KMCT) is proposed for CRSN to minimize the energy used by the sensor nodes in CRSN for 6G applications. The KMCT‐based joint power medium ingression technique (JPMIT) is introduced for enhancing the energy efficiency in a bunch of interdata emissions, and the KMCT‐based energetic medium ingression technique (EMIT) is introduced for minimizing the energy utilization in a bunch of intradata emissions. Simulation results show that the proposed KMCT for CRSN provides a better result compared with existing techniques. The performance parameters such as medium available duration, data loss rate, quantity of data, number of authorized mediums, and probability of false alarm have been analyzed using MATLAB R2012a.
Exploration of novel TOSMIC tethered imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine compounds for the development of potential antifungal drug candidate
Authors: Shukla Pratibha , Deswal Deepa , Pandit Mansi , Latha Narayanan , Mahajan Divyank , Srivastava Tapasya , Narula Anudeep Kumar
Published: September 2021

New candidates of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine were designed by combining 2‐amino pyridine, TOSMIC and various assorted aldehydes to explore their antioxidant and antifungal potential. The design of these derivatives was based on utilizing the antifungal potential of azoles and TOSMIC moiety. These derivatives were synthesized by adopting multi‐component reaction methodology, as it serves as a rapid and efficient tool to target structurally diverse heterocyclic compounds in quantitative yield. The resulting imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives were structurally verified by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HRMS, and HPLC. The compounds were analyzed for their antioxidant and fluorescent properties and it was observed that compound 15 depicted highest potential. The compounds were evaluated for their antifungal potential to highlight their medical application in the area of Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI). Compound 12 gave the highest antifungal inhibition against Aspergillus fumigatus 3007 and Candida albicans 3018. To elucidate the antifungal mechanism, confocal images of treated fungi were analyzed, which depicted porous nature of fungal membrane. Estimation of fungal membrane sterols by UPLC indicated decrease in ergosterol component of fungal membrane. In silico studies further corroborated with the in vitro results as docking studies depicted interaction of synthesized heterocyclic compounds with amino acids present in the active site of target enzyme (lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase). Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analysis was indicative of drug‐likeliness of the synthesized compounds.
Neuropsychological intervention of dyslexia has a positive effect on aspects of psychological well‐being in young adults – a randomized controlled study
Authors: Nukari Johanna M. , Laasonen Marja R. , Arkkila Eva P. , Haapanen Marja‐Leena , Lipsanen Jari O. , Poutiainen Erja T.
Published: September 2021

Effectiveness of individual‐ and group‐based neuropsychological intervention on aspects of psychological well‐being of dyslexic adults was evaluated. Dyslexic young adults (n = 120) were randomly assigned into individual intervention, group intervention or wait‐list control group. Both interventions focussed on cognitive strategy learning, supporting self‐esteem, and using psychoeducation. In group format peer support was also utilized. Cognitive and behavioural strategies, mood states, quality of life and self‐esteem were assessed via self‐report questionnaires at baseline, after the intervention/wait‐list control time at 5 months and 10 months. Results indicated that the neuropsychological interventions had a positive effect on self‐evaluated cognitive and behavioural strategies, especially in increasing success expectations and to a lesser degree in diminishing task‐avoidance and in group intervention in diminishing social pessimism. The interventions also improved cognition‐related quality of life and, to a lesser degree, self‐esteem. These results indicate that structured neuropsychological interventions can positively affect self‐evaluated psychological well‐being, especially on cognitive and behavioural strategies. Considering the secondary consequences of dyslexia, support among young adults is often needed beyond the cognitive and reading‐based challenges dyslexia poses.
An insight into molecular taxonomy of bufonids, microhylids, and dicroglossid frogs: First genetic records from Pakistan
Authors: Akram Ayesha , Rais Muhammad , Lopez‐Hervas Karem , Tarvin Rebecca D. , Saeed Muhammad , Bolnick Daniel I. , Cannatella David C.
Published: September 2021

The current study was focused on documentation of amphibian assemblage in North Punjab and Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan, by using mitochondrial gene sequences of 16S rRNA. Our study entailed 37% of the known amphibian species of the country. We provided a phylogenetic analysis based on 74 newly generated mitochondrial 16S rRNAs from nine species of genus Microlyla, Duttaphrynus, Allopaa, Nanorana, Sphaerotheca, Minervarya, Hoplobatrachus, and Euphlyctis. We employed the maximum‐likelihood inference and Bayesian analysis to assess the taxonomic status of the samples obtained from Pakistan, with respect to other congeneric species from surrounding regions. Our findings confirmed the taxonomic status of South Asian anuran species Duttaphrynus stomaticus, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Microhyla nilphamariensis, Allopaa hazarensis, Nanorana vicina, Sphaerotheca maskeyi (synonym: S. pashchima), Minervarya pierrei, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, and Euphlyctis kalasgramensis in Pakistan. We have reported new country records of genus Minervarya (M. pierrei). Minervarya pierrei was previously misidentified as Fejervarya limnocharis, due to dearth of genetic information. We provided the first genetic records of our endemic species N. vicina. The results revealed the taxonomic placement of N. vicina with respect to its congeners and validated the taxonomic status of N. vicina from its type locality (Murree) for the first time. The findings of the present study also indicated the paraphyletic relationship of A.‐ hazarensis with Nanorana species. So, based on our phylogenetic inferences, morphological characters, and habitat preferences, validity of generic status of A. hazarensis is undecided. As our data were not enough to resolve this issue, we suggest sequencing of additional mitochondrial and nuclear genes in the future studies to get a better resolution. We recommend carrying out extensive surveys throughout the country for proper scientific documentation of amphibians of Pakistan. Many new species, some of them might be endemic to Pakistan, are expected to be discovered, and taxonomic status of other species would be resolved.
Large‐ and small‐scale geographic structures affecting genetic patterns across populations of an Alpine butterfly
Authors: Trense Daronja , Hoffmann Ary A. , Fischer Klaus
Published: September 2021

Understanding factors influencing patterns of genetic diversity and the population genetic structure of species is of particular importance in the current era of global climate change and habitat loss. These factors include the evolutionary history of a species as well as heterogeneity in the environment it occupies, which in turn can change across time. Most studies investigating spatio‐temporal genetic patterns have focused on patterns across wide geographic areas rather than local variation, but the latter can nevertheless be important particularly in topographically complex areas. Here, we consider these issues in the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) from the European Alps, using genome‐wide SNPs identified through RADseq. We found strong genetic differentiation within the Alps with four genetic clusters, indicating western, central, and eastern refuges, and a strong reduction of genetic diversity from west to east. This reduction in diversity may suggest that the southwestern refuge was the largest one in comparison to other refuges. Also, the high genetic diversity in the west may result from (a) admixture of different western refuges, (b) more recent demographic changes, or (c) introgression of lowlandL. tityruspopulations. At small spatial scales, populations were structured by several landscape features and especially by high mountain ridges and large river valleys. We detected 36 outlier loci likely under altitudinal selection, including several loci related to membranes and cellular processes. We suggest that efforts to preserve alpineL. tityrusshould focus on the genetically diverse populations in the western Alps, and that the dolomite populations should be treated as genetically distinct management units, since they appear to be currently more threatened than others. This study demonstrates the usefulness of SNP‐based approaches for understanding patterns of genetic diversity, gene flow, and selection in a region that is expected to be particularly vulnerable to climate change.
A visual technique used by citizen scientists shows higher herbivory in understory vs. canopy leaves of a tropical forest
Authors: Frost Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

Citizen science (CS) initiatives can transform how some ecological data are collected. Herbivory is a fundamental ecological interaction, but herbivory rates in many natural systems are unknown due in part to lack of personnel for monitoring efforts. This limits our ability to understand broad ecological patterns relevant to herbivory. Fortunately, accurate and reliable visual estimation techniques for assessing herbivory could be amenable to CS approaches. In 2008, I developed a CS training initiative (the Million Leaf Project, MLP) to measure herbivory based on a seven‐category visual assessment of leaf area removed (LAR). From 2010 to 2018, 394 citizen scientists assessed damage on 175,421 leaves to test the hypothesis that herbivory varies between understory and canopy leaves in a Peruvian tropical forest. In support of this hypothesis, the longitudinal CS data reveal that understory leaves consistently experience more herbivory than do canopy leaves on average (18.3% vs. 12.3%, P < 0.001), a difference that was consistent regardless of CS observer age. Furthermore, data integrity was high, even though younger participants showed some leaf selection bias. The MLP is based on a simple technique, intended to broaden public participation in ecological science, and applicable to any ecological system in which herbivory or leaf damage occurs.
The contributions of lightning to biomass turnover, gap formation and plant mortality in a tropical forest
Authors: Gora Evan M. , Bitzer Phillip M. , Burchfield Jeffrey C. , Gutierrez Cesar , Yanoviak Stephen P.
Published: September 2021

Lightning is a common source of disturbance, but its ecological effects in tropical forests are largely undescribed. Here we quantify the contributions of lightning strikes to forest turnover and plant mortality in a lowland Panamanian forest using a real‐time lightning monitoring system. We examined 2,195 lightning‐damaged trees distributed among 93 different strikes. None exhibited scars or fires. On average, each strike disturbed 451 m2(95% CI: 365–545 m2), created a canopy gap of 304 m2(95% CI 198–454 m2), and caused 7.36 Mg of woody biomass turnover (CI: 5.36–9.65 Mg). Cumulatively, we estimate that lightning strikes in this forest create canopy gaps equaling 0.39% of forest canopy area, representing 20.1% of annual gap area formation, and are responsible for 16.1% of total woody biomass turnover. Trees, lianas, herbaceous climbers and epiphytes were killed by lightning at rates 8–29 times greater than their baseline mortality rates in undamaged control sites. The likelihood of lightning‐caused death was higher for trees, lianas, and herbaceous climbers than for epiphytes, and high liana mortality suggests that lightning is an important driver of liana turnover. These results indicate that lightning influences gap dynamics, plant community composition and carbon storage capacity in some tropical forests.
Creating genetic reference datasets: Indirect sampling of target species using terrestrial leeches as sample “collectors”
Authors: Wilting Andreas , Nguyen Thanh V. , Axtner Jan , Nguyen An , Schmidt Anke , Le Minh , Nguyen Anh H. Q. , Rawson Benjamin M. , Tilker Andrew , Fickel Joerns
Published: September 2021

Sampling genetic material from rare and often secretive mammals can be difficult in challenging environments such as tropical rainforests. Large‐scale sampling is important however for resolving species' taxonomic uncertainties, as well as to help provide genetic material for reference databases that can be used with DNA forensics to combat the illegal wildlife trade. Environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) offer a promising way to overcome this sampling bottleneck, though to date e/iDNA studies have been primarily used to obtain information about species presence using barcoding or metabarcoding approaches. In this study, we collected 4,710 terrestrial leeches across six protected areas in the Annamite Mountains of Viet Nam and Laos and sequenced fragments (223–694 bp) of mt‐Cytb and/or mt‐Dcr of the mitogenomes from six species that are frequently found in the illegal wildlife trade. Although amplification success was generally low (<50%) because DNA was highly degraded, we showed that e/iDNA samples can be an important source of genetic material for difficult to sample species and show promise as a way to fill existing sampling gaps. Because e/iDNA sampling has the potential to generate much‐needed genetic data to improve taxonomic assessments, this approach can be used to support conservation management by contributing to genetic databases that are necessary to determine the origin of wildlife products or to inform the reintroduction of confiscated animals.
Effect of negative ions on decomposition of acetic acid in water using DC corona discharge
Authors: Kawabata Yuito , Shindo Masako , Miichi Tomoaki
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the characteristics of acetic acid decomposition on a negative DC corona discharge over water. The corona discharge is 4 mm away from the water surface. Furthermore, this study explores the mechanisms involved in the chemical reactions of active species during water treatment, using discharged plasma. During processing, oxygen or ozone is supplied to the reactor. The results of experiment and simulation show the same trend on time variation of acetic acid concentration. Therefore, the simulation model that considers the supply of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and can confirm the change in acetic acid concentration. Our results indicate that negative ions such as can be used for water treatment by DC corona discharge.
Persistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in humans
Authors: Haveri Anu , Ekström Nina , Solastie Anna , Virta Camilla , Österlund Pamela , Isosaari Elina , Nohynek Hanna , Palmu Arto A , Melin Merit
Published: September 2021

Most subjects develop antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 following infection. In order to estimate the duration of immunity induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 it is important to understand for how long antibodies persist after infection in humans. Here, we assessed the persistence of serum antibodies following WT SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at 8 and 13 months after diagnosis in 367 individuals. The SARS‐CoV‐2 spike IgG (S‐IgG) and nucleoprotein IgG (N‐IgG) concentrations and the proportion of subjects with neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were assessed. Moreover, the NAb titers among a smaller subset of participants (n = 78) against a WT virus (B) and variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2) were determined. We found that NAb against the WT virus persisted in 89% and S‐IgG in 97% of subjects for at least 13 months after infection. Only 36% had N‐IgG by 13 months. The mean S‐IgG concentrations declined from 8 to 13 months by less than one third; N‐IgG concentrations declined by two‐thirds. Subjects with severe infection had markedly higher IgG and NAb levels and are expected to remain seropositive for longer. Significantly lower NAb titers against the variants compared to the WT virus, especially after a mild disease, suggests reduced protection against VOCs.
Laser‐induced Graphene in Facts, Numbers, and Notes in View of Electroanalytical Applications: A Review
Authors: Muzyka Kateryna , Xu Guobao
Published: September 2021

In this review, laser‐induced graphene (LIG) ‐based electrodes are discussed by covering such essential areas, as a characterization of LIG material properties necessary for electroanalysis, including data on LIG sheet resistance, wettability, spatial resolution, electrochemical characteristics, as well as correlations of “process” ‐ “properties” ‐ “electroanalytical characteristics”of LIG‐electrodes. Moreover, typical and innovative LIG‐based electrodes designs for electroanalytical applications, including combined multi‐analyte multimodal wearable sensors, interdigitated electrodes, are shown. The essential data related to LIG in electroanalysis are summarized in tables. The authors also discussed recent LIG‐based electroanalytical applications. Close attention has been paid to LIG glucose sensors and biosensors.
Perfluoroalkyl Substance Contamination Levels of Pike (Esox lucius L.) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) from Selected Masurian Lakes in Eastern Europe
Authors: Surma Magdalena , Hliwa Piotr , Sznajder‐Katarzyńska Katarzyna , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Topolska Joanna , Zieliński Henryk
Published: September 2021

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of increased concern because of their bioaccumulation in humans and the biota, the health risk they pose to humans and other animals, and their persistence in the environment. In the present study, the occurrence of PFAS in selected tissues from pike (Esox lucius L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) collected from two lakes in the Masurian Lake District (Poland) in eastern Europe was addressed. Ten PFAS were analyzed in the tissue of the brain, liver, kidneys, gonads, and muscles by micro‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Only perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid were detected above the limit of quantification. Concentrations in pike and roach from Ełckie Lake and Hańcza Lake were estimated to be 14/27 and 4.4/3.2 ng/g wet weight, respectively. The contributions of PFOS and PFOA to the sum of PFAS calculated for particular tissues for each fish species were higher than those of the other analyzed compounds: PFOS was found to be predominant in fish from Ełckie Lake, whereas PFOA predominated in fish from Hańcza Lake. It was noted that PFAS concentrations in tissues declined in the following order: kidney > gonads ≈ brain > liver > muscle. The sum of the greatest estimated PFAS concentration was 9.7 ng/g wet weight in kidneys of pike collected from Hańcza Lake. No correlation was noted between PFAS concentration and fish size. The information provided in our study gives a better understanding of the potential dependencies in PFAS distribution and accumulation in biota. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3317–3327. © 2021 SETAC
Ignore the faces: Neural characterisation of emotional inhibition from childhood to adulthood usingMEG
Authors: Vandewouw Marlee M. , Safar Kristina , Sato Julie , Hunt Benjamin A. E. , Urbain Charline M. , Pang Elizabeth W. , Anagnostou Evdokia , Taylor Margot J.
Published: September 2021

The ability to effectively and automatically regulate one's response to emotional information is a basic, fundamental skill for social functioning. The neural mechanisms underlying emotion regulation processing have been assessed, however few investigations have leveraged neurophysiological techniques, particularly magnetoencephalography (MEG) to determine the development of this critical ability. The current MEG study is the first to examine developmental changes in the neural mechanisms supporting automatic emotion regulation. We used an emotional go/no‐go task with happy and angry faces in a single‐site cohort of 97 healthy participants, 4–40 years of age. We found age‐related changes as a function of emotion and condition in brain regions key to emotion regulation, including the right inferior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortices and primarily right‐lateralized temporal areas. Interaction effects, including an age by emotion and condition, were also found in the left angular gyrus, an area critical in emotion regulation and attention. Findings demonstrate protracted and nonlinear development, due to the adolescent group, of emotion regulation processing from child to adulthood, and highlight that age‐related differences in emotion regulation are modulated by emotional face type.
Healthcare systems strengthening in Africa: The call for action to achieve SDG 3
Authors: Olaniyi Peter Oluwafemi , Oluwatobi Fajobi Timothy , Olaniyan Muhibah Eniola , Olajide Olanipekun Abdulazeez , Sunday Blessing Abai , Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Inya Christian Oko , Chinonso Uwandu‐uzoma Anthony
Published: September 2021

The responsibility to achieve human right to health is a specific mandate to the organization, people, and action within the health system, with adequate support from government and private sectors. Therefore, positive growth from the past health development, seems to decline due to certain factors such as governance and economy, as observed through researches in different regions in Africa. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the health systems, with a call for action to support the sustainable development goal 3 in achieving quality health by 2030.
Thermal effects of nonuniform heating in a nanofluid‐filled annulus: Buoyant transport versus entropy generation
Authors: Sankar M. , Swamy H. A. Kumara , Do Younghae , Altmeyer Sebastian
Published: September 2021

The primary challenge in the majority of heat transfer applications, in view of design perspective, is to maximize the thermal transport with the minimum generation of entropy. This paper addresses the numerical investigation of buoyant convection and entropy generation processes of Al2O3–water nanofluid inside a vertical annular configuration having two coaxial cylinders. The vertical cylindrical surfaces are imposed with sinusoidal thermal distribution having different phase deviation and amplitude, while the horizontal surfaces are retained adiabatic. In this analysis, the numerical computations of conservation equations governing the physical process are performed using the time‐splitting technique and line overrelaxation methods. Detailed numerical simulations are performed for broad ranges of critical parameters, such as Rayleigh number, phase deviation, amplitude ratio, and nanoparticle volume fraction. From the vast numerical experiments, we systematically identified the suitable parameter regimes at which enhanced thermal transport has been produced with minimum entropy generation. Furthermore, the critical quantities, such as thermal dissipation and entropy generation, could be effectively monitored by a particular selection of phase deviation () and amplitude ratio (). It has been identified that these parameters have more influence on thermal transport as well as entropy production as compared to other parameters of the analysis.
Trace element accumulation from swine feeds to feces in Chinese swine farms: Implication for element limits
Authors: Li Helian , Cheng Yuhang , Liu Yinghao , Li Shiwei , Han Xuemei , Ma Yibing
Published: September 2021

Trace elements like copper and zinc are supplemented in swine feeds to suppress bacteria and/or promote growth. Due to low absorption rates, trace elements are highly concentrated in swine feces, posing a risk to soil and human health if applied to agricultural fields. In the present study, the concentrations of six trace elements (Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Cr) in pig feed and feces were evaluated by sample analysis and data from the literature. The feed-to-feces and feces-to-compost enrichment factors of the trace elements were determined to back-calculate safe concentrations in feed needed to meet permissible trace element concentrations in organic fertilizers. The Cu and Zn concentrations in feeds were the highest, being statistically significantly higher in starter pig feeds than in grower–finisher feeds. Copper exceeded feed limits mainly in the feeds of finisher pigs and sows, while exceedance for Zn occurred in almost all feed samples. Concentrations above the limits were also observed for Pb and Cr impurities in mineral feed supplements. The highest Cu and Zn concentrations in feces were observed for starter pigs. Moreover, significant enrichment of trace elements from feeds to feces was found, with enrichment factors calculated as: 4.68–6.11 for Cu, 3.43–4.60 for Zn, 2.30–3.12 for As, 2.89–4.63 for Cd, 2.45–5.00 for Pb, and 3.32–5.00 for Cr. On this basis, the recommended calculated limits for Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Cr in feeds for different ages of pigs were 41–53, 130–175, 2–3, 0.3–0.5, 5–10, and 15–23 mg/kg, respectively. Priority index calculations and the calculated recommended limits indicated that Cu in starter pig feeds and Cd in starter and breeding pig feeds should be prioritized for reduction to enable feces compost to be utilized safely in agricultural land amendment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:978–987. © 2021 SETAC

KEY POINTS

The highest concentrations of Cu and Zn were detected in starter pig feeds and feces. Trace elements in pig feces were 2-6 times those in the feeds. Limits for feed trace elements were derived by enrichment chain of feed-feces-compost. Copper was a priority pollutant in pig feed, followed by Cd.
Genetic variation in CYP1A1 and AHRR genes increase the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and exacerbate disease severity in smoker patients
Authors: Saghaeian Jazi Marie , Mohammadi Saeed , Zare Ebrahimabad Mojtaba , Sedighi Sima , Abdolahi Nafiseh , Tabarraei Alijan , Yazdani Yaghoub
Published: September 2021

Background

Genetic variations of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway genes could influence the imbalanced immune response to xenobiotics. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the polymorphism of AHR pathway genes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in association with smoking.

Methods

Genomic DNA from patients (N = 107) and controls (N = 105) of a population from northeast of Iran was used for genotyping of CYP1A1 T>C (rs4646903) and AHRR C>G (rs2292596) variants. The SLEDAI score and smoking status of the patients were registered. The AHR activity was estimated by CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Results

The C allele in rs4646903 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.67) and G allele in rs2292596 (OR = 1.79) SNPs were significantly associated with the increased risk of SLE. The AHR pathway was more active in high‐risk CYP1A1/AHRR: C/G haplotype. The most severe disease was observed in smoker patients with high‐risk haplotype and both smoking (Exp (β) = 9.5) and high‐risk CYP1A1/AHRR (C/G) haplotype (Exp (β) = 3.7) can significantly increase the likelihood of having severe (SLEDAI ≥ 20) SLE disease activity.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated the association of xenobiotic‐metabolizing genes (CYP1A1, AHRR) polymorphisms with the susceptibility to SLE and disease severity regarding the smoking background, suggesting the interaction of gene and environmental risk factors in SLE pathogenesis.
In silico insights into potential gut microbial modulation of NAD+ metabolism and longevity
Authors: Salekeen Rahagir , Siam Md. Hasanul Banna , Sharif Dilara Islam , Lustgarten Michael S. , Billah Md Morsaline , Islam Kazi Mohammed Didarul
Published: September 2021

Recent evidence has prompted the notion of gut‐microbial signatures as an indirect marker of aging and aging‐associated decline in humans. However, the underlying host‐symbiont molecular interactions contributing to these signatures remain poorly understood. In this study, we address this gap using cheminformatic analyses to elucidate potential gut microbial metabolites that may perturb the longevity‐associated NAD+ metabolic network. In silico ADMET, KEGG interaction analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular mechanics calculation predict a large number of safe and bioavailable microbial metabolites to be direct and/or indirect activators of NAD+‐dependent sirtuin proteins. Our simulation results suggest dihydropteroate, phenylpyruvic acid, indole‐3‐propionic acid, phenyllactic acid, all‐trans‐retinoic acid, and multiple deoxy‐, methyl‐, and cyclic nucleotides from intestinal microbiota as the best‐performing regulators of NAD+ metabolism. Retracing these molecules to their source microorganisms also suggest commensalEscherichia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, andLactobacillito be associated with the highest number of pro‐longevity metabolites. These findings from our early‐stage study, therefore, provide an informatics‐based context for previous evidence in the area and grant novel insights for future clinical investigation intersecting anti‐aging drug discovery, probiotics, and gut microbial signatures.
Adapting skills from genetic counseling to wearables technology research during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Poised for the pivot
Authors: Higgs Emily , Dagan‐Rosenfeld Orit , Snyder Michael
Published: September 2021

Genetic counselors have shown themselves to be adaptable in an evolving profession, with expansion into new sub‐specialties, various non‐clinical settings, and research roles. The COVID‐19 pandemic caused a sudden and drastic shift in healthcare priorities. In an effort to contribute meaningfully to the COVID‐19 crisis, and to adapt to a remote‐ and essential‐only research environment, our workplace and thus our roles pivoted from genomics research to remote COVID‐19 research using wearables technologies. With a deep understanding of genomic data, we were quickly able to apply similar concepts to wearables data including considering privacy implications, managing uncertain findings, and acknowledging the lack of ethnic diversity in many datasets. By sharing our own experience as an example, we hope individuals trained in genetic counseling may see opportunities for adaptation of their skills into expanding roles.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of kaempferol 3‐O‐(2‴‐O‐sinapoyl‐β‐sophoroside), the key bitter compound of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) protein isolate
Authors: Siebert Mareike , Krings Ulrich , Günther Thorben , Fragalas Apostolos , Berger Ralf G
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The use of rapeseed protein for human nutrition is primarily limited by its strong bitterness, which is why the key bitter compound, kaempferol 3‐O‐(2‴‐O‐sinapoyl‐β‐sophoroside), is enzymatically degraded.

RESULTS

Mass spectrometry analyses of an extract from an untreated rapeseed protein isolate gave three signals for m/z 815 [M‐H]. The predominant compound among the three compounds was confirmed as kaempferol‐3‐O‐(2‴‐O‐sinapoyl‐β‐sophoroside). Enzymatic hydrolysis of this key bitter compound was achieved using a sinapyl ester cleaving side activity of a ferulic acid esterase (FAE) from the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune (ScoFAE). Recombinant ferulic acid esterases from Streptomyces werraensis (SwFAE) and from Pleurotus eryngii (PeFAE) possessed better cleavage activity towards methyl sinapate but did not hydrolyze the sinapyl ester linkage of the bitter kaempferol sophoroside.

CONCLUSION

Kaempferol‐3‐O‐(2‴‐O‐sinapoyl‐β‐sophoroside) was successfully degraded by enzymatic treatment with ScoFAE, which may provide a means to move the status of rapeseed protein from feed additive to food ingredient. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy of sentinel lymph node mapping in endometrial cancer with low‐ or high‐intermediate risk
Authors: Xue Yu , Shan Wei‐wei , Wang Qian , Wang Chao , Luo Xue‐zhen , Chen Xiao‐jun
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping using indocyanine green (ICG) in Chinese women with endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods

Consecutive EC patients undergoing SLN mapping at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were retrospectively reviewed. Overall and bilateral SLN detection rates and SLN locations were presented. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and agreement rate were calculated and were compared between patients with low‐intermediate (LIR) or high‐intermediate risk (HIR).

Results

There were 454 patients screened, with SLN mapping with ICG performed in 428 patients and systematic lymphadenectomy performed in 159 patients. Overall and bilateral SLN detection rates were 96.50% and 82.71%, respectively. The sensitivity of SLN mapping was 80.00%, and the NPV was 97.76%. SLNs were most commonly located in obturator and external iliac regions. Efficacy of SLN mapping was higher in LIR patients than in HIR patients, with sensitivities of 100.00% and 75.00% (p > 0.05), NPVs of 100.00% and 90.00% (p = 0.002), and agreement rates of 100.00% and 92.31% (p = 0.007), respectively.

Conclusion

SLN mapping with ICG had acceptable diagnostic efficacy in Chinese women with EC, but may cause more missed diagnoses in patients with HIR due to relatively low NPV and agreement rate.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Office Laryngoscopy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yao Peter , Usman Moon , Chen Yu H. , German Alexander , Andreadis Katerina , Mages Keith , Rameau Anaïs
Published: September 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

This scoping review aims to provide a broad overview of the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to office laryngoscopy to identify gaps in knowledge and guide future research.

Study Design

Scoping Review.

Methods

Searches for studies on AI and office laryngoscopy were conducted in five databases. Title and abstract and then full‐text screening were performed. Primary research studies published in English of any date were included. Studies were summarized by: AI applications, targeted conditions, imaging modalities, author affiliations, and dataset characteristics.

Results

Studies focused on vocal fold vibration analysis (43%), lesion recognition (24%), and vocal fold movement determination (19%). The most frequently automated tasks were recognition of vocal fold nodules (19%), polyp (14%), paralysis (11%), paresis (8%), and cyst (7%). Imaging modalities included high‐speed laryngeal videos (45%), stroboscopy (29%), and narrow band imaging endoscopy (7%). The body of literature was primarily authored by science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) specialists (76%) with only 30 studies (31%) involving co‐authorship by STEM specialists and otolaryngologists. Datasets were mostly from single institution (84%) and most commonly originated from Germany (23%), USA (16%), Spain (9%), Italy (8%), and China (8%). Demographic information was only reported in 39 studies (40%), with age and sex being the most commonly reported, whereas race/ethnicity and gender were not reported in any studies.

Conclusion

More interdisciplinary collaboration between STEM and otolaryngology research teams improved demographic reporting especially of race and ethnicity to ensure broad representation, and larger and more geographically diverse datasets will be crucial to future research on AI in office laryngoscopy.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 132:1993–2016, 2022
Strongly NIP almost real closed fields
Authors: Krapp Lothar Sebastian , Kuhlmann Salma , Lehéricy Gabriel
Published: September 2021

The following conjecture is due to Shelah–Hasson: Any infinite strongly NIP field is either real closed, algebraically closed, or admits a non‐trivial definable henselian valuation, in the language of rings. We specialise this conjecture to ordered fields in the language of ordered rings, which leads towards a systematic study of the class of strongly NIP almost real closed fields. As a result, we obtain a complete characterisation of this class.
A qualitative study of the factors that help the coping of infertile women
Authors: Halkola Suvi‐Tuuli , Koivula Meeri , Aho Anna Liisa
Published: September 2021

Aim

The study describes the factors that help the coping of infertile women.

Design

A qualitative study.

Methods

Purposive sampling was used in gathering the data from the Finnish Infertility Associations closed discussion forum on Facebook. An electronic questionnaire included structured background questions and a qualitative open‐ended question related to the factors that help coping. In total, 101 women participated voluntarily in the study. The participants had at least a 1‐year personal experience of infertility. The data was analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

The factors that helped the coping of infertile women were personal resources such as mental well‐being and having good abilities to deal with the issue. Also, a well‐functioning relationship and getting help contributed to coping. Coping was also positively influenced by the ability to adapt to a childless life, which included having comforting thoughts, doing things that brought relief and orientating thinking towards the future.
A fuzzy model predictive controller for stick‐slip type piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Cheng Long , Wang Ang , Qin Shijie
Published: September 2021

In nano/micro‐positioning applications, stick‐slip type piezoelectric actuators (SSPEAs) are usually employed for a satisfactory performance in both the movement range and the positioning accuracy. Unfortunately, the controller design of SSPEAs is a challenging task, which is seldom studied in the literature. So this article presents an idea of using the fuzzy model predictive control approach for the high‐precision positioning. First, a prototype of the stick‐slip type piezoelectric actuator is designed. Then a Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model is established for the entire SSPEA, whose parameters can be further adapted by the recursive estimation approach based on the online measurement. Based on this model, a predictive controller can be designed for SSPEAs. Compared to some existing studies, the proposed fuzzy model directly describes the input–output relationship of the entire SSPEA rather than modeling separately. As a result, the controller can be simplified. Finally, some experiments are conducted on the SSPEA prototype, which demonstrates a satisfactory control performance
Calculation model for uniaxial stress–strain relationship of wood plastic composites
Authors: Zhao Longlong , Xi Fei , Wang Gaoyuan
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an investigation on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites under uniaxial stress. Experimental studies of test pieces with tensile and compressive load were performed. Failure modes, stress–strain relationship, and other crucial parameters were recorded and analyzed. The results indicated that brittle failure was the typical failure mode of the tensile test specimens, however, shear‐compression failure and wedge double shear failure were commonly observed for samples under compressive load. Mechanical properties of WPC are better than those of timber according to different national standards. Different analytical models were proposed for evaluating the stress–strain response of the specimens. The fitting between the experimental results and calculations was good.
Polyamide membranes enabled by covalent organic framework nanofibers for efficient reverse osmosis
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Zhang Zhe , Yin Congcong , Shi Xiansong , Wang Yong
Published: September 2021

Polyamide reverse osmosis membranes are indispensable for the worldwide clean water supply. Incorporation of nanomaterials into polyamide separation layer provides an evident methodology to enhance the water flux. However, the desalination performance would be compromised by the inadequate compatibility between the nanomaterial and the polyamide matrix. In this work, we propose a straightforward strategy to use covalent organic frameworks (COF) nanofibers as the efficient nanofiller for the fabrication of high flux polyamide membranes. The COF nanofibers featuring crystalline structures, large surface area and well‐defined micropores are synthesized by a surfactant‐mediated solvothermal method. It is found that the COF nanofibers are able to mediate the interfacial polymerization process via the controlled release of amine molecules. This creates the reduced thickness of the polyamide separation layer. Moreover, the rigid and permanent nanopores of COF could serve as additional channels for water permeation. Benefitting from the low thickness and the additional channels, thus fabricated membranes exhibit a significantly enhanced water flux, while maintaining a slightly improved NaCl rejection. Our work is expected to provide a new insight for the design and fabrication of advanced polyamide reverse osmosis membranes.
Endobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a child with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: Fonseca Sara , Silva Sónia , Magalhães Adriana , Lago Rita , Estevinho Norberto , Bom‐Sucesso Maria do , Azevedo Inês
Published: September 2021

Endobronchial mucoepidermoid tumors are rare neoplasms. Due to nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis can be challenging, but early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for prognosis. We present the case of a boy, with chronic respiratory insufficiency due to bronchiolitis obliterans, that presented worsening exertional dyspnea at 12 years. Spirometry showed unexpected deterioration of respiratory function and a computed tomography scan revealed an obstructive polypoid mass in the intermediate bronchus. Given the severe basal ventilatory compromise and risk associated with surgical treatment, rigid bronchoscopy, and laser photocoagulation were performed, with clinical and functional improvement. The histological examination revealed a low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The option for a minimally invasive procedure requires careful follow‐up due to the risk of tumor recurrence.
Laboratory parameters between multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease
Authors: Zhou Chunling , Zhao Yan , Wang Xia , Huang Ying , Tang Xuewen , Tang Lei
Published: September 2021

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been described to partially overlap with Kawasaki disease (KD) with regard to clinical symptoms, but they are unlikely to share the same disease entity. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to characterize the laboratory parameters of MIS‐C compared with those of KD and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS). Databases were searched for studies on laboratory parameters of MIS‐C (hematology, inflammatory markers, cardiac markers, and biochemistry) through May 31, 2021. Twelve studies with 3073 participants yielded 969 MIS‐C patients. In terms of hematology, MIS‐C patients had lower levels of leukocytes, absolute lymphocyte count and platelet count (PLT) than KD patients and had similar absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. In terms of inflammatory markers, MIS‐C patients had higher levels of C‐reactive protein, D‐dimer and ferritin than KD patients and had similar levels of procalcitonin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In terms of cardiac markers, MIS‐C patients had higher CPK levels than KD patients. The levels of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, troponin and aspartate aminotransferase were not significantly different between MIS‐C and KD patients. In terms of biochemistry, MIS‐C patients had lower levels of albumin, sodium and alanine aminotransferase and higher levels of creatinine than KD patients. In addition, MIS‐C patients had lower levels of PLT, Hb and ESR and higher levels of ANC than KDSS patients. Measurement of laboratory parameters might assist clinicians with accurate evaluation of MIS‐C and further mechanistic research.
“You're on mute!” Does pediatric CF home spirometry require physiologist supervision?
Authors: Fettes Emma , Riley Mollie , Brotherston Stephanie , Doughty Claire , Griffiths Benjamin , Laverty Aidan , Aurora Paul
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has accelerated the move towards home spirometry monitoring, including in children. The aim of this study is to determine whether the remote supervision of spirometry by a physiologist improves the technical quality and failure rate of the maneuvers.

Method

Children with cystic fibrosis who had been provided with NuvoAir home spirometers were randomly allocated to either supervised or unsupervised home spirometry following a detailed training session. Home spirometry was performed every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Tests were assigned a quality factor (QF) using our laboratory grading system as per American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society standards, with tests marked from A to D, or Fail. In our laboratory, we aim for QF A in all spirometry tests, but report results of QF B or C with a cautionary note. QF A was, therefore, the primary outcome, and QF A–C, the secondary outcome.

Results

Sixty‐one patients were enrolled; 166 measurements were obtained in the supervised group, and 153 in the unsupervised group. Significantly more measurements achieved QF A in the supervised compared to unsupervised group (89% vs. 74%; p = <0.001), while proportions reaching Grade A–C were similar (99% vs. 95%; p = 0.1). All significant declines in spirometry results had a clinical rather than technical reason. Family/patient feedback for both arms was very positive.

Conclusion

These results suggest that home spirometry in children should ideally be remotely supervised by a physiologist, but acceptable results can be obtained if resources do not allow this, provided that training is delivered and results monitored according to our protocol.