bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: From ATP to AZD6140: The Discovery of an Orally Active Reversible P2Y12 Receptor Antagonist for the Prevention of Thrombosis.
Authors: Springthorpe Brian , et al. et al.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Platelet Aggregation Triterpene Saponins from the Galls of Sapindus mukorossi.
Authors: Huang Hui‐Chi , Tsai Wei‐Jern , Liaw Chia‐Ching , Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Wu Yang‐Chang , Kuo Yao‐Haur
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Eight New Diterpenoids from Soft Coral Cespitularia hypotentaculata.
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , Wu Ying‐Ru , Lin Jyun‐Jhou , Lo Kuang‐Liang , Kuo Yuh‐Chi , Khalil Ashraf Taha
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective Modification of Peptides Using Rhodium and Palladium Catalysis: Complementary Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Arylation.
Authors: Chapman Christopher J. , Matsuno Ai , Frost Christopher G. , Willis Michael C.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Synthesis of β‐Alkylaspartates via β‐Lactone Ring Opening.
Authors: Armstrong Alan , Geldart Stephen P. , Jenner Chloe R. , Scutt James N.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents from Pedicularis rex C. B. Clarke
Authors: Chu Hong‐Biao , Tan Ning‐Hua , Zhang Yu‐Mei
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of All Low‐Energy Stereoisomers of the Tris(pyrrolidinoindoline) Alkaloid Hodgkinsine and Preliminary Assessment of Their Antinociceptive Activity.
Authors: Kodanko Jeremy J. , Hiebert Sheldon , Peterson Emily A. , Sung Leonard , Overman Larry E. , de Moura Linck Viviane , Goerck Greice Catrine , Amador Tania Alves , Leal Mirna Bainy , Elisabetsky Elaine
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiro ε,ζ‐D‐CNA in xylo Configuration Featuring Noncanonical δ/ε/ζ Torsion Angle Combination.
Authors: Dupouy Christelle , Lavedan Pierre , Escudier Jean‐Marc
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxime Bond Formation as an Efficient Tool for the Conjugation of Ruthenium Complexes to Oligonucleotides and Peptides.
Authors: Villien Mathilde , Deroo Stephanie , Gicquel Etienne , Defrancq Eric , Moucheron Cecile , Kirsch‐De Mesmaeker Andree , Dumy Pascal
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of CD3‐Labeled 11‐cis‐Retinals and Application to Solid‐State Deuterium NMR Spectroscopy of Rhodopsin.
Authors: Tanaka Katsunori , Struts Andrey V. , Krane Sonja , Fujioka Naoko , Salgado Gilmar F. J. , Martinez‐Mayorga Karina , Brown Michael F. , Nakanishi Koji
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Activity of Novel 1β‐Methylcarbapenems Having Spiro[2,4]heptane Moieties.
Authors: Park Hyeong Beom , Jo Nam Hyun , Hong Joon Hee , Chei Jung Hoon , Cho Jung‐Hyuck , Yoo Kyung Ho , Oh Chang‐Hyun
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors from Millettia conraui.
Authors: Tchinda Alembert Tiabou , Khan Shamsun Nahar , Fuendjiep Victorine , Ngandeu Francois , Ngane Annie Ngono , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Efficient Synthetic Strategy for the Total Syntheses of (S)‐(+)‐ and (R)‐(‐)‐Plakolide A.
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Pramanik Chinmoy , Chorghade Mukund S. , Gurjar Mukund K.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Chemical Synthesis of the Antiviral Agents S2502 and S2507.
Authors: Krohn Karsten , Vukics Krisztina
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Data Mining Techniques to Improve Lazy Structure—Activity Relationships for Noncongeneric Compounds.
Authors: Sommer Selina , Kramer Stefan
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Based Virtual Screening by Novelty Detection with Self‐Organizing Maps.
Authors: Hristozov Dimitar , Oprea Tudor I. , Gasteiger Johann
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Data Mining of the NCI Human Tumor Cell Line Database.
Authors: Wang Huijun , Klinginsmith Jonathan , Dong Xiao , Lee Adam C. , Guha Rajarshi , Wu Yuqing , Crippen Gordon M. , Wild David J.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Molecular Graphs for QSAR Studies: An Approach Based on Supergraphs.
Authors: Melnikov Andrey A. , Palyulin Vladimir A. , Zefirov Nikolai S.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of the Accessible Chemical Space of Acyclic Alkanes.
Authors: Paton Robert S. , Goodman Jonathan M.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mapping of Activity‐Specific Fragment Pathways Isolated from Random Fragment Populations Reveals the Formation of Coherent Molecular Cores.
Authors: Lounkine Eugen , Batista Jose , Bajorath Juergen
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New and Original pKa Prediction Method Using Grid Molecular Interaction Fields.
Authors: Milletti Francesca , Storchi Loriano , Sforna Gianluca , Cruciani Gabriele
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of HfO2 by Liquid Injection MOCVD and ALD Using New Hafnium‐Cyclopentadienyl Precursors.
Authors: O'Kane Ruairi , Gaskell Jeffrey , Jones Anthony C. , Chalker Paul R. , Black Kate , Werner Matthew , Taechakumput Pouvanart , Taylor Stephen , Heys Peter N. , Odedra Rajesh
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of Hafnium Dioxide Thin Films by MOCVD Using a New Series of Cyclopentadienyl Hafnium Compounds.
Authors: Carta Giovanni , et al. et al.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discovery of Substituted 4‐(3‐Hydroxyanilino)‐quinolines as Potent RET Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Robinett R. Graham , Freemerman Alex J. , Skinner Michael A. , Shewchuk Lisa , Lackey Karen
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Meta‐Materials for High‐Technology Applications
Authors: Hadjipanayis G. C. , Marinescu M. , Huang Y. H. , Bonder M. J. , Gabay A.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonfrustrated Antiferromagnet in a Frustrated Lattice Due to Charge Ordering: A Scenario for Pairing in Layered Cobaltates
Authors: Wrobel P. , Suleja W.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcogenide‐Centered Gold Complexes
Authors: Gimeno M. Concepcion , Laguna Antonio
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Be—Ba and Zn—Hg
Authors: Garcia Felipe , Wright Dominic S.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rigid‐Rod Polymetallaynes
Authors: Wong Wai‐Yeung , Ho Cheuk‐Lam
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Metal‐Rich Molecular Scaffolds
Authors: Ainscough Eric W. , Brodie Andrew M. , Otter Carl A.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Difluoromethylene Compounds as Precursors to Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amides and Carbonates
Authors: Guo Yong , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Lysobactin (Katanosin B)
Authors: Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Transformations on σ‐Aryl Organometallic Complexes
Authors: Gagliardo Marcella , Snelders Dennis J. M. , Chase Preston A. , Gebbink Robertus J. M. Klein , van Klink Gerard P. M. , van Koten Gerard
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Boron—Boron Addition to Unsaturated Molecules
Authors: Ramirez Jesus , Lillo Vanesa , Segarra Anna M. , Fernandez Elena
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fischer—Speier Esterification
Authors: Li Jin
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Approaches of Taste Masking Technologies in Oral Solid Forms
Authors: Douroumis Dionysios
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Reductions Mediated by Dihydropyridines
Authors: Connon Stephen J.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Metallotropic [1,3]‐Shift of Alkynyl Carbenoids
Authors: Lee Daesung , Kim Mansuk
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diverse Polycyclic Compounds via Catalytic Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Lahiri Kakali
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Coenzyme NADH Model Compounds and Asymmetric Reduction of Benzoylformate
Authors: Wang Nai‐Xing , Zhao Jia
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Occurrence, Syntheses, and Applications of Cyclopropyl‐Group‐Containing α‐Amino Acids. Part 2. 3,4‐ and 4,5‐Methanoamino Acids
Authors: Brackmann Farina , de Meijere Armin
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C, C—O, C—N Bond Formation on sp2 Carbon by Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Reactions Involving Oxidant Agents
Authors: Beccalli Egle M. , Broggini Gianluigi , Martinelli Michela , Sottocornola Silvia
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Template‐Directed Synthesis Employing Reversible Imine Bond Formation
Authors: Meyer Cari D. , Joiner C. Steven , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic Tethered N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Chemistry
Authors: Liddle Stephen T. , Edworthy Ian S. , Arnold Polly L.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Materials Synthesis Using Oxide Free Sol—Gel Systems
Authors: Hector Andrew L.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Novel Method for Radioisotope‐Free Photoaffinity Labeling Utilizing the Property of an Azide Group
Authors: Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphitic Nanotubes Formed by Programmed Self‐Assembly
Authors: Fukushima Takanori , Jin Wusong , Aida Takuzo
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Chemo‐, Regio‐, and Enantioselective [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions Catalyzed by Cationic Rhodium(I)/BINAP‐Type Bisphosphine Complexes
Authors: Tanaka Ken , Nishida Goushi , Suda Takeshi
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural “Snapshots” along Reaction Pathways of Non‐Heme Iron Enzymes
Authors: Emerson Joseph P. , Farquhar Erik R. , Que Lawrence Jr.
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Multifunctional Envelope‐Type Artificial Viral‐Like Gene Delivery System
Authors: Harashima Hideyoshi , Kogure Kentaro , Yamada Yuma , Akita Hidetaka , Kamiya Hiroyuki
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Novel Artificial Gene Delivery System Multifunctional Envelope‐Type Nano Device for Gene Therapy
Authors: Kogure Kentaro
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Bankmann Dennis , Giernoth Ralf
Published: January 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TLR7 and CD40 cooperate in IL‐6 production via enhanced JNK and AP‐1 activation
Authors: Bush Tony J. Vanden , Bishop Gail A.
Published: January 2008

During vaccination or infection, adaptive and innate immune receptors of B cells are engaged by microbial antigens/ligands. A better understanding of how innate and adaptive signaling pathways interact could enlighten B lymphocyte biology as well as aid immunotherapy strategies and vaccine design. To address this goal, we examined the effects of TLR stimulation on BCR and CD40‐induced B cell activation. Synergistic production of IL‐6 was observed in both human and mouse primary B cells stimulated through B cell antigen receptors, CD40 and TLR7, and these two receptors also cooperated independently of BCR signals. The enhanced IL‐6 production was dependent upon the activity of c‐Jun kinase (JNK) and cFos. Dual stimulation through CD40 and TLR7 markedly enhanced JNK activity. The increased level of active JNK in dual‐stimulated cells was accompanied by an increase in the level of active AP‐1 monomers cJun and cFos. The stimulation of B cells through both CD40 and TLR7 therefore enhanced the production of cytokines through increased JNK signaling and AP‐1 activity. In addition, the dual stimulation increased cFos/AP‐1 species in stimulated cells, effectively expanding the repertoire of AP‐1 dimers as compared to singly stimulated B cells.
Osteopontin as a new player in mast cell biology
Authors: Bulfone‐Paus Silvia , Paus Ralf
Published: January 2008

The secreted glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) sets into motion an astounding variety of activities that range from bone remodeling via immunomodulation to the inhibition of apoptosis. In the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology, OPN now also enters mast cell biology and the regulation of IgE‐dependent immune responses since it is reported that connective tissue‐type mast cells from fetal murine skin constitutively secrete biologically active OPN. Moreover, it is shown that, in vitro, OPN augments IgE‐mediated mast cell degranulation and migration via ligand binding to cognate OPN receptors on the mast cell surface (CD44, αv integrin) and that the magnitude of an IgE‐mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction is augmented by OPN in vivo. Here, we discuss why this newly discovered property of OPN fits well into the emerging concept that OPN may serve as a multi‐purpose environmental damage‐response protein.

See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji200737057
Separation and determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in Ephedrae Herba by CZE modified with a Cu(II)–L‐lysine complex
Authors: Li Fei , Ding Zhongtao , Cao Qiu‐E
Published: January 2008

A CZE method using a complex of 2.5 mM Cu(II)–L‐lysine (molar ratio is 1:2) as additive in a run buffer solution composed of Tris‐H3PO4 (pH 4.5) was developed for the simultaneous determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine within 4 min. The effects of pH, composition, and concentration of run buffer as well as the composition and concentration of the Cu(II)–L‐lysine complex on the separation were investigated. The linear ranges for the determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were 15.0–225.0 and 20.0–250.0 mg/L with LODs both of 5.0 mg/L. Satisfactory result for the determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in Ephedrae Herba from different producing area was obtained by the proposed method. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were separated effectively with each other and with the other compounds in the sample. The RSD for the determination of the two constituents in the samples varied from 1.82 to 2.76%, and the recovery ranged between 95.0 and 104.0%.
Methylation pattern analysis using high‐throughput microarray of solid‐phase hyperbranched rolling circle amplification products
Authors: Zhou Dongrui , Zhang Renmin , Fang Rujing , Cheng Lu , Xiao Pengfeng , Lu Zuhong
Published: January 2008

Monitoring the methylation pattern of a single tumor cell might be important in understanding the mechanism of tumor initiation and progression. In this study, we developed a method based on molecular cloning microarray strategy for analyzing methylation patterns of a single DNA fragment from a group of tumor cells. In the method, a microarray of single monoclones of bisulfate‐treated PCR products was fabricated by two‐primer hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA) in polyacrylamide gel, in which a library of the bisulfate‐treated PCR products with different methylated status from tumor cells were ligated to circle molecules to form HRCA templates, and one of the HRCA primers was modified with acrylamide on its 5′‐end. Due to the diffusion retardation of HRCA products in a polyacrylamide matrix, the HRCA products are localized near their respective templates, and formed to a microarray of monoclones. After the nonimmobilized strands were removed, three pairs of probes were used to detect different CpG sites of each clone simultaneously by hybridization. We successfully analyzed the methylation patterns of P16 gene for three cases of stomach tumor tissues. This method could provide a significant tool in detecting the distribution of cells with different methylation patterns in one tumor tissue.
CE characterization of semiconductor nanocrystals encapsulated with amorphous silicium dioxide
Authors: Pyell Ute
Published: January 2008

The electrophoretic mobility of silica‐encapsulated semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) dependent on the pH and the ionic strength of the separation electrolyte has been determined by CE. Having shown the viability of the approach, the electrophoretic mobility μ of the nanoparticles investigated is calculated for varied zeta potential ζ, particle radius r, and ionic strength I employing an approximate analytical expression presented by Ohshima (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2001, 239, 587–590). The comparison of calculated with measured data shows that the experimental observations exactly follow what would be expected from theory. Within the parameter range investigated at fixed ζ and I there is an increase in μ with r which is a nonlinear function. This dependence of μ on size parameters can be used for the size‐dependent separation of particles. Modeling of μ as function of I and ζ makes it possible to calculate the size distribution of nanoparticles from electrophoretic data (using the peak shape of the particle zone in the electropherogram) without the need for calibration provided that ζ is known with adequate accuracy. Comparison of size distributions calculated via the presented method with size histograms determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs reveals that there is an excellent matching of the size distribution curves obtained with the two independent methods. A comparison of calculated with measured distributions of the electrophoretic mobility showed that the observed broad bands in CE studies of colloidal nanoparticles are mainly due to electrophoretic heterogeneity resulting from the particle size distribution.
Maximizing association statistics over genetic models
Authors: González Juan R. , Carrasco Josep L. , Dudbridge Frank , Armengol Lluís , Estivill Xavier , Moreno Victor
Published: January 2008

The assessment of the association between a candidate locus and a disease may require the assumption of an inheritance model. Most researchers select the additive model and test the association with the Cochran‐Armitage trend test. This test assumes a dose‐response effect with regard to the number of copies of the variant allele. However, if there is reason to expect dominance or recessiveness in the effect of the variant allele, the heterozygous genotype may be grouped with one of the two homozygous, depending on the inheritance model, and a simple test on the 2 × 2 table can be used to assess independence. When the underlying genetic model is unknown, association may be assessed using the max‐statistic, which selects the largest test statistic from the dominant, recessive and additive models. The statistical significance of the max‐statistic has been previously addressed using permutation or Monte Carlo simulation approaches. We aimed to provide simpler alternatives to the max‐test to make it feasible in large‐scale association studies. Our simulations show that this procedure has an effective number of tests of 2.2, which can be used to correct the significance level or P‐values. We also derive the asymptotic distribution of max‐statistic, which leads to a simple way to calculate the significance level and allows the derivation of a formula for power calculations in the design of studies that plan to use the max‐statistic. A simulation study shows that the use of the max‐statistic is a powerful approach that provides safeguard against model uncertainty. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the analysis of copy‐number variations in genome‐wide association studies: a translation of the family‐based association test
Authors: Ionita‐Laza Iuliana , Perry George H. , Raby Benjamin A. , Klanderman Barbara , Lee Charles , Laird Nan M. , Weiss Scott T. , Lange Christoph
Published: January 2008

Though there is an increasing support for an important contribution of copy number variation (CNV) to the genetic architecture of complex disease, few methods have been developed for the analysis of such variation in the context of genetic association studies. In this paper, we propose a generalization of family‐based association tests (FBATs) to allow for the analysis of CNVs at a genome‐wide level. We translate the popular FBAT approach so that, instead of genotypes, raw intensity values that reflect copy number are used directly in the test statistic, thereby bypassing the need for a CNV genotyping algorithm. Moreover, both inherited and de novo CNVs can be analyzed without any prior knowledge about the type of CNV, making it easily applicable to large‐scale association studies. All robustness properties of the genotype FBAT approach are maintained and all previously developed FBAT extensions, including FBATs for time‐to‐onset, multivariate FBATs, and FBAT‐testing strategies, can be directly transferred to the analysis of CNVs. Using simulation studies, we evaluate the power and the robustness of the new approach. Furthermore, for those CNVs that can be genotyped, we compare FBATs based on genotype calls with FBATs that are directly based on the intensity data. An application to one of the first CNV genome‐wide‐association studies of asthma identifies a very plausible candidate gene. A software implementation of the approach is freely available at http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/research/iuliana‐ionita/software. The approach has also been completely integrated in the PBAT software package. Genet. Epidemiol. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clavicular osteomyelitis: A rare complication of head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Burns Paul , Sheahan Patrick , Doody Jaime , Kinsella John
Published: January 2008

Background

We report the 10th case in the English‐language literature describing clavicular osteomyelitis that presented after radical treatment for laryngeal carcinoma and discuss the pertinent diagnostic and therapeutic measures. It presented a diagnostic dilemma. The differential diagnosis included tumor recurrence, metastatic bone disease, and postradiotherapy complications.

Methods and Results

A 45‐year‐old man who was a heavy smoker and known drug abuser presented with acute airway compromise and was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma involving the glottis and subglottis. Total laryngectomy, total thyroidectomy, and bilateral neck dissection were performed, and the patient underwent chemoradiotherapy. On follow‐up 1 year later, the patient was seen with left stomal dehiscence and a large area of cellulitis extending across the left clavicle and down to the axilla. At surgery, a large anterior chest wall abscess was found. Biopsy showed no evidence of tumor. After aggressive treatment, the patient remains disease free.

Conclusions

This condition is rarely encountered after major head and neck surgery. Aggressive surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy remains the mainstay of treatment. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are mandatory due to the potential life‐threatening complications associated with the condition. Bony resection will aid in adequate flap placement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Microvascular head and neck reconstruction in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Cheng Nai‐Chen , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Tai Hao‐Chi , Horng Shyue‐Yih , Tang Yueh‐Bih
Published: January 2008

Background

The aim of this retrospective case series was to review the safety, complications, and outcomes of free‐tissue transfer in head and neck cancer reconstruction in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods

A retrospective review of all microvascular head and neck reconstruction cases with concomitant liver cirrhosis treated in our institution from 1994 to 2005 was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, etiology, and severity of liver cirrhosis, defect site, choice of free flap, complications, and clinical follow‐up.

Results

Seven patients were identified. They were all males and underwent microvascular head and neck reconstruction due to ablative cancer surgery. Their Child‐Pugh classification of liver cirrhosis was graded as follows: Child A (n = 3); Child B (n = 3); and Child C (n = 1). Eight free flaps were transferred (1 patient received 2), including anterolateral thigh (n = 4); radial forearm (n = 3); and fibula (n = 1). All flaps survived without the need for any microvascular revision procedures. Two patients died within postoperative 30 days due to hepatic decompensation. Other complications included neck hematoma (n = 1), neck wound infection (n = 2), and donor site dehiscence (n = 1). Only 2 patients with Child A cirrhosis remained free from complications and survived more than 1 year after the surgery.

Conclusion

Microvascular head and neck reconstruction may be performed in patients with liver cirrhosis with a certain degree of technical success. However, the procedure is associated with significant mortality and morbidity in Child class B and C patients. Therefore, we recommend avoiding free‐tissue transfer in patients with head and neck cancer with advanced liver cirrhosis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
ALK‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: report of three cases
Authors: Lee Hyoun Wook , Kim Kihyun , Kim Wonseog , Ko Young Hyeh
Published: January 2008

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK+ DLBCL) is a rare variant of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, with characteristic morphological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic features. Only 34 cases of ALK‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma have so far been reported in the literature. We examined three new cases, which showed similar characteristics to previously reported cases, but with peculiar nuclear‐membrane staining for ALK protein in one patient and a 5′‐ALK gene deletion in another. All of them had stage IV disease at initial presentation, with poor outcomes. The tumour cells showed immunoblastic/plasmablastic histology and were positive for ALK and Oct2, but negative for CD3, CD20, CD79a, CD30 and PAX5. The staining pattern of ALK protein was cytoplasmic in two patients and associated with the nuclear membrane in one patient. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using the ALK break‐apart probe revealed ALK gene rearrangements in all three patients, with a 5′‐ALK gene deletion in one patient. These three cases suggest that different types of cytogenetic aberrations may involve the ALK gene in ALK‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma leading to peculiar immunohistochemical staining patterns. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alternative approach to sustainable water users' organization in national irrigation systems: the case of the Khlong Thadi Weir System, southern Thailand
Authors: Ounvichit Tassanee , Ishii Atsushi , Kono Satoshi , Thampratankul Kanjana , Satoh Masayoshi
Published: January 2008

Thai national irrigation systems, serving a large number of small paddy farmers, require water users' organization for effective and sustainable joint management; however, water users' organizations (WUOs) presently cover only 27% of the total irrigation area. This three‐year action research investigated the difficulties in organizing water users in the Khlong Thadi Weir System in southern Thailand by immersion into the socio‐economic conditions of Muslim farmers in farm turnout No. 4 of the 1L‐4R‐LMC canal and the conventional on‐farm irrigation development there. We found the following: (1) subsistence farming and unstable tenancy discourage farmers from increasing their formal participation in irrigation management; (2) kinship is important but effective only in a limited space; (3) the conventional method of providing short ditches in a limited project timeframe creates a structural bias; (4) intrinsic internal water conflicts make the hydraulic relationship alone an inadequate basis for water users' organization; (5) alternatively, the social relationship between individual farmers and their community emerges as a promising scaffold for water users' organization; (6) the state irrigation agency should consider adopting a more vital role by supporting WUOs, tambon administration organizations and villages with needed incentives, technical information, and capacity building so that the WUOs are ultimately the decision makers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling soil moisture and assessing its impacts on water sharing and crop yield for the Wadi Laba spate irrigation system, Eritrea
Authors: Mehari Abraham , Schultz Bart , Depeweg Herman , Laat Pieter de
Published: January 2008

In the Wadi Laba spate irrigation system, sorghum and maize crops complete their growth period (September to April) mainly based on the soil moisture stored during the flood season from 15 June to 15 August. For the past 100 years, the farmers have strived to divert the unpredictable and destructive floods and irrigate their fields three to four times (irrigation gift is 50 cm each time) so as to harvest 4.5 t ha−1 yr−1 of sorghum or sorghum and maize. Simultaneously, to realize fair water sharing, the farmers introduced two water rights and rules: (1) a field is entitled to a second, third or fourth turn only after all other fields have received one, two or three turns respectively; (2) upstream fields have a priority right to the medium floods (≤50 m3 s−1), the midstream and downstream fields to the moderately large and large (50–200 m3 s−1), and very large (200–265 m3 s−1) floods respectively. These water rights and rules were regularly observed in the indigenous systems when farmers relied on each other for the timely maintenance of the earthen/brushwood structures that frequently failed, but are being violated following the introduction of the concrete structures in 2000.

The Soil Water Accounting Model (SWAM) that has been developed as part of the study on which this paper is based revealed that when a field receives two, three or four turns, the soil moisture at the onset of the planting season remains the same, namely 67.5, 72 and 77.5 cm if the field gets its last turn by 15 July, 30 July and 15 August respectively. These results were validated with the more complex Soil Water Atmosphere Plant Model (SWAP). Even the 67.5 cm water depth (with some 120 mm contribution from rainfall), sufficiently supports the said yield. Unlike in the indigenous system, when the fields usually received a third turn by the end of the flood season, the concrete structures of the modern system have made it possible for the upstream farmers to irrigate three or even four times by July. Thus, to maintain fairness of water sharing, the water rights on the size of floods would have to be modified to: regardless of the flood size, if upstream fields are irrigated twice or three times by 15–30 July, the subsequent floods would have to be conveyed to the midstream/downstream fields. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endothelial cells anchoring by functionalized yeast polypeptide
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhou Xiaolin , Ge Haiyan , Xu Hongwei , He Jian , Hao Zhenhong , Jiang Xun
Published: January 2008

The immobilization and proliferation of endothelial cells on the surface of engineered tissues requires the development of new biomaterials that can mimic the anchoring and signaling functions of basement membrane. Here, we report a modified polypeptide from yeast translation termination factor protein that can self‐assembly into nanofibers and improve endothelial cell adhesion by its functional motif. The polypeptide (YNNNLQGYQAGFQ) is a beta sheet forming sequence, but it is noninfectious in mammalian tissue because of the absence of substrate protein for propagation. The prion‐derived polypeptide was extended at the amino terminal with a short sequence motif from laminin I (YIGSR), and the resultant polypeptide retained self‐assembly propensity. Both circular dichroism (CD) measurement and molecular dynamics simulation suggest the assembled nanofibers consists mainly beta sheet structure. The 3D porous hydrogel formed by the modified polypeptide was evaluated as a coating material for vascular tissue engineering. In static culture system, the polypeptide scaffold improved the morphology of endothelial cells and confluency of cell monolayer. In the dynamic bioreactor (pulsatile vascular deformation at 5%), the polypeptide scaffold anchored 3‐fold higher number of endothelial cells, which exhibited normal nitric oxide release function. These results suggest that prion‐derived polypeptides have high self‐assembling and motif integrating capacities. These unique properties can be utilized to build up biomaterials with robust porous structure as well as functionalized motifs for cell enrichment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008