bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Provisional Generic Contextual Factor Domains for Clinical Trials in Rheumatology: Results from an OMERACT Initiative
Authors: Nielsen Sabrina M. , Tugwell Peter , de Wit Maarten P.T. , Boers Maarten , Beaton Dorcas E. , Woodworth Thasia G. , Escorpizo Reuben , Shea Beverley , Toupin-April Karine , Guillemin Francis , Strand Vibeke , Singh Jasvinder A. , Kloppenburg Margreet , Furst Daniel E. , Wells George A. , Smolen Josef S. , Veselý Richard , Boonen Annelies , Storgaard Helene , Voshaar Marieke , March Lyn , Christensen Robin ,   for the Contextual Factors Working Group
Published: January 2019

Objective.

The Contextual Factors Working Group aims to provide guidance on addressing contextual factors in rheumatology trials within OMERACT.

Methods.

During the Special Interest Group session at OMERACT 2018, preliminary results were presented from a case scenario survey and semistructured interviews, including contextual factors mentioned in these. A group-based exercise sought to identify and rank important generic contextual factors.

Results.

A total of 79 candidate factors were listed. Across the 3 groups, gender/sex, comorbidities, and the healthcare system were ranked as most important.

Conclusion.

The identified important contextual factor domains may be considered a provisional list pending further research.
Position Statement: A Pragmatic Approach for Medical Cannabis and Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Fitzcharles Mary-Ann , Niaki Omid Zahedi , Hauser Winfried , Hazlewood Glen ,   the Canadian Rheumatology Association
Published: January 2019

Objective.

Pain is one reason some rheumatology patients may consider use of medical cannabis, a product increasingly perceived as a safe and neglected natural treatment option for many conditions. Legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada will promote access to cannabis. Physicians must therefore provide patients with the best evidence-based information regarding the medicinal effects and harm of cannabis.

Methods.

The Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA) mandated the development of a position statement for medical cannabis and the rheumatology patient. The current literature regarding the effects of medical cannabis for rheumatology patients was assessed, and a pragmatic position statement to facilitate patient care was developed by the Therapeutics Committee of the CRA and approved by the CRA board.

Results.

There are no clinical trials of medical cannabis in rheumatology patients. Evidence is insufficient about the benefit of pharmaceutical cannabinoids in fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and back pain, but there is evidence of a high risk of harm. Extrapolating from other conditions, medical cannabis may provide some symptom relief for some patients. Short-term risks of psychomotor effects can be anticipated, but longterm risks have not been determined and are of concern.

Conclusion.

Despite lack of evidence for use of medical cannabis in rheumatology patients, we acknowledge the need to provide empathetic and pragmatic guidance for patient care. This position statement aims to facilitate the dialogue between patients and healthcare professionals in a mutually respectful manner to ensure harm reduction for patients and society.
D’où vient la théorie de l’exploitation de Marx ?
Authors: Le Masne Pierre
Published: January 2019

Le papier s’interroge sur les origines de la théorie de l’exploitation de Marx et insiste sur le rôle de Quesnay et de Turgot. L’approche marxiste de l’exploitation doit également à Smith et Ricardo, mais en s’appuyant trop sur Ricardo et sur une mesure en temps de travail de la valeur, Marx rend la mesure empirique de l’exploitation impossible. Il est mis en avant une mesure en prix, dérivée de la théorie du surplus de Quesnay et conservant l’idée que le travail est l’origine de la valeur. La comptabilité nationale doit être la base de l’analyse et il est nécessaire de prendre en compte le rôle de l’État. Codes JEL :  B14, B51
Corps politiques, corps mystiques et incorporations
Authors: Brohm Jean-Marie
Published: January 2019

Le corps social dans la modernité capitaliste est un corps politique (Hobbes, Spinoza, Rousseau). Le pouvoir, quelle que soit sa nature, repose sur la production et reproduction d’une incorporation symbolique ou imaginaire d’un ordre corporel , auquel s’identifient les membres du corps politique (corporations, corps constitués, confréries, corps de métier, congrégations, groupes affinitaires, sociétés secrètes, sectes, etc.). Le pouvoir est également incarné sous la figure d’un chef (président, monarque, tyran, despote, « guide suprême », « grand Timonier », Conducator , « grand leader ») en tant que «  représentant corporel de l’État » (Marx). De nombreux corps sociaux ou politiques sont vécus comme des corps mystiques , c’est-à-dire comme des corps collectifs supposés participer d’une réalité transcendante, supra historique, voire supra naturelle, à l’image de l’Église catholique, corps mystique du Christ, ou des deux corps du Roi analysés par Kantorowicz.
Corps mécanisés : extension du domaine de l’obscénité
Authors: Folscheid Dominique
Published: January 2019

La figure devenue dominante de la sexualité contemporaine est la sexualité clivée entre sa fonction de pure jouissance, qui s’épanouit dans « le sexe », et sa fonction purement génésique, telle qu’elle est mise en œuvre dans les pratiques de procréation médicalement assistée ( amp ), qui se font « hors sexe ». Sont ainsi constitués deux idéals types, exclusifs l’un de l’autre, qui polarisent de plus en plus les demandes. Au prix de la dissociation entre les personnes et leur corps, entre leur corps et leur chair, parce que dans tous les cas nous avons affaire à une entreprise de production – de jouissance ou d’enfant – de nature mécanicienne. Or comme ce clivage s’inscrit sur le fond de la sexualité humaine qui est une et indivisible, il faut s’attendre à des analogies et à des effets de miroir entre ces deux pôles. Et c’est par une approche en termes d’optique, où dominent pulsion scopique et pulsion de maîtrise, que l’on peut commencer à lever le voile sur ce qui se trame.
L’œuvre patiente de transmission de James Gammill
Authors: Fognini Mireille
Published: January 2019

Résumé Avec le parcours de vie de James Gammill, sont évoqués ici les souvenirs de l’auteure, Mireille Fognini, sur ses derniers échanges avec lui, et son ancien travail de supervision où est décrite sa méthode personnelle de transmission, dont elle retrouve la spécificité dans les deux publications essentielles qui rassemblent ses expériences de travail clinique et théorique avec Melanie Klein et ses successeurs, prolongées et enrichies de ses propres constructifs apports de transmission.
John Steiner publie Lectures on Technique by Melanie Klein
Authors: Le Roy Géraldine
Published: January 2019

Résumé Cet ouvrage, fruit de recherches dans les archives de Melanie Klein, présente des conférences et des séminaires sur la technique psychanalytique donnés dans les années 1930 et 1950 par Melanie Klein à des analystes en formation ou récemment habilités. Elle y aborde les fondamentaux de la psychanalyse (le transfert, la connaissance de l’inconscient...) mais répond aussi aux questions de ses auditeurs. Les thèmes abordés restent toujours d’actualité. On découvre là non seulement Melanie Klein au travail avec les adultes, mais aussi une femme chaleureuse, ouverte et extrêmement respectueuse de l’autre. Les commentaires de John Steiner resituent les thèmes évoqués dans une perspective contemporaine.
Groupes de parole en détention : « mon corps est prisonnier, mais ma pensée est libre »
Authors: Lasalle Emilie
Published: January 2019

L’expérience relatée ici concerne la mise en place de groupes de paroles spécifiques et adaptés à l’intérieur de deux bâtiments pénitentiaires. Leur intérêt, leurs difficultés de fonctionnement et leurs limites sont analysés.
Michel Foucault et la prison
Authors: Catonné Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2019

En se fondant sur les écrits de Michel Foucault, l’auteur nous livre une réflexion sur le sens et l’efficacité de la peine et de l’emprisonnement d’un point de vue à la fois politique et psychologique. Pour le détenu d’une part et pour la société qui le détient d’autre part, quel sens prend la sanction ?
Relations éducatives en institution : une approche systémique
Authors: Martin Catherine
Published: January 2019

Psychologue, chef de service et éducateur(trice)s spécialisé(e)s dans un service éducatif d’une maison d’enfants à caractère social, accueillant des adolescents en grandes difficultés, nous nous sommes interrogés sur la pratique de la référence éducative. Cette méthode est couramment répandue, elle impacte considérablement la relation éducative entre les professionnels et les adolescents. La façon dont cette référence est désignée peut avoir des répercussions psychiques importantes en lien avec la manière dont les relations, les interactions, interviennent dans la construction de l’individu. Par la mise en place de la « référence collective », qui utilise les relations privilégiées que le jeune pourrait lui-même développer au sein du service, nous expérimentons le fait que celle-ci pourrait constituer un véritable outil systémique générateur de changements à différents niveaux.
A Professional Development Educator Primer on Dual Admission Academic Progression
Authors: Schmidt Laura A. , Bleich Michael R.
Published: January 2019

The Institute of Medicine's
Future of Nursing
report recommends an increasingly higher educated RN workforce. Community colleges play a critical role in educating entry-level nurses to meet the needs of underserved regions in the United States. The National Education Progression in Nursing is introduced as a champion for academic progression, and the dual admission/concurrent enrollment model is highlighted. [
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(1):9–11.]
Eradicating Barriers to Advancement From RN to BSN: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Nininger Jami M. , Abbott Miriam R.B. , Shaw Peggy
Published: January 2019

Background:

To improve the quality of patient care, the Institute of Medicine has called for eliminating barriers to academic progression for nurses. Despite this call, nurses who matriculate from institutions that lack national nursing-specific accreditation are denied admission to advanced degree programs.

Method:

Within an online RN-to-baccalaureate nursing (BSN) program, the performance of students who matriculated from institutions lacking discipline-specific accreditation was compared with student performance representative of programs holding discipline-specific accreditation. The bases for comparison were grade point average (GPA), on-time completion rate, and academic withdrawal.

Results:

Students admitted from institutions lacking national nursing accreditation had a higher on-time completion rate and a lower GPA than comparison groups. Differences in GPA were statistically insignificant (
p
> .05). Evidence regarding withdrawals was insufficient for adequate comparisons.

Conclusion:

Admission policies that deny education opportunities to candidates from institutions lacking national nursing accreditation may create unwarranted barriers to educational advancement. [
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(1):15–19.]
Virtual Orientation of Volunteer Short-Term International Health Teams to Increase Self-Confidence and Cultural and Global Health Competence
Authors: Herring Christopher , Brown Sydney K. , Morgan Brett T. , Thompson Julie , Kullmar Anna , Blood-Siegfried Jane
Published: January 2019

International health team volunteers frequently arrive at service sites with considerable lack of confidence and knowledge gaps because of poor preparation. Preservice orientation has been shown to improve knowledge, confidence, and competence, but current practices fall short of meeting most needs. This health care improvement project was aimed to improve self-confidence and cultural and global health competence using a virtual preservice orientation format. The virtual innovation significantly narrowed the difference in confidence between new and experienced team members. Significant increases were observed in knowledge of global health and health equities for new and experienced team members. Following the orientation, a significant difference in global health skills for the entire team also was observed. Many Americans leave the United States annually attempting to help those in need. This effort is hindered by poor preparation and unreal expectations. Improving health team member confidence and competence is one way to address this concern. [
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(1):35–40.]
Efficacy of Induction Chemotherapy in Retinoblastoma, Alone or Combined With Other Adjuvant Modalities
Authors: Ghose S , Nizamuddin S H M , Sethi A , Mohanti B K , Kumar H , Arya L S , Thavaraj V
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: There are not much data available on the use of newer a nti meta bol ites as an initial treatment modality in retinoblastoma, or their effect on vitreous seedings and de novo foci, especially in the Indian subcontinent.

Methods: To evaluate the efficacy of newer agents as induction chemotherapy, 34 tumors in 22 eyes of 19 children with bilateral retinoblastoma were treated with 2 cycles of carboplatin, etoposide, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide; each cycle was of 1 month duration. The tumor response was evaluated at 2 months and adjuvant salvage modalities (ie, cryotherapy, laser, and/or external beam radiotherapy) were added as needed. The cycles were continued and ophthalmoscopic and ultrasonographic monitorings were performed to determine further tumor response, tumor height regression, effect on vitreous seeds, and other ocular changes.

Results: Mean tumor height at presentation was 4.2 mm, which regressed to 2.61 mm at 6 months (P=0.000). The biggest tumor to respond was 1 2.5 mm, although smaller multiple tumors regressed better. Adjuvant modalities were used in 28 tumor foci in 16 eyes. A follow up of 6 to 24 months (mean, 12.8±6.21 months), showed complete regression in 12/34 tumors, partial regression in 15/34, stable disease in 6/34, and ? tumor progressed despite all therapy. Results in all 6 eyes with vitreous seeds were most gratifying; at 1 year vitreous seeds disappeared in 4 eyes and showed complete calcification in 2. Fresh new lesions were not seen in any eye with complete response after the first 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Recurrences were nil and complications minor.

Conclusions: The overall tumor response (complete and partial) of more than 80% indicates that chemoreduction is an effective modality alone and combined with adjuvant salvage modalities. The results with our treatment regime, even in cases with advanced intraocular retinoblastoma, are encouraging.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:143-150.
Laser Treatment of Zone I Prethreshold and Stage 3 Threshold Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Récsán Zsuzsa , Vámos Rita , Salacz György
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To analyze the structural outcomes of zone I prethreshold and stage 3 threshold retinopathy of prematurity following laser ablation.

Patients and Methods: This nonrandomized observational case series evaluated 71 eyes of 36 infants who weighed less than 1,250 g at birth. Infants were treated at either prethreshold or threshold severity. The structural outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test.

Results: The structural outcome was favorable in 96% and 80% of the prethreshold and threshold groups, respectively (P = .069). When an unfavorable outcome was defined as dragging of the temporal vessels, the difference was significant (P = .0257).

Conclusion: Early treatment of zone I disease may result in a better structural outcome.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40:204-207.
Incidence and Severity of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Vietnam, a Developing Middle-Income Country
Authors: Phan Mai Hong , Nguyen Phuong Ngoc , Reynolds James D
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: Although retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness, its impact in lower income countries is not well documented. The World Health Organization has proclaimed that infants at risk for ROP should have screening eye examinations and access to treatment.

Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from January 1 through December 31, 2001, at Tu Du Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City for premature infants who weighed 1 ,500 g or less at birth or were 33 gestational weeks or younger. Serial examinations were used to classify ROP, and treatment outcomes were noted.

Results: Two hundred twenty-five consecutive infants were included in the data analysis. Birth weights ranged from 900 to 2,000 g (mean, 1 ,512 g). Gestational ages ranged from 26 to 36 weeks (mean, 31 weeks). ROP was present in 103 (45.8%) of the 225 infants. In infants who weighed 1 ,250 g or less at birth, the ROP rate was 81 .2% (26 of 32 infants). Threshold ROP was present in 9.3% of the 225 infants but in 25% of the 32 infants. Twenty-four eyes received treatment, whereas 16 lacked the family resources. Of the 24 treated eyes, 1 8 (75%) had a favorable outcome. Of the 1 6 untreated eyes, only 3 had a favorable outcome.

Conclusions: ROP incidence is high in Vietnam, similar to that in the United States. However, larger, older infants are at risk in Vietnam and the rate of severe ROP seems to be higher. This necessitates an ROP screening paradigm different from that currently used in the United States.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40: 208-212.
Comparison of Cosmetic Results in Frontalis Sling Operations: The Eyelid Crease Incision Versus the Supralash Stab Incision
Authors: Yagci Ayse , Egrilmez Sait
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: In addition to ptosis, the lack of eyelid crease is one of the main cosmetic problems of patients with poor levator function. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the incision site on ptosis correction and eyelid crease formation in frontalis sling operations.

Materials and Methods: Photographs and charts of 27 patients (45 eyelids) who underwent frontalis sling operations were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had congenital ptosis with poor levator function ranging from 0 to 4 mm. In group I (15 eyelids), 3 supralash eyelid skin incisions were performed and the sling material was threaded along the tarsal surface. In group II (30 eyelids), the eyelid crease approach was used with the suturing of the sling material directly to the tarsus.

Results: Although lid contour and lid crease symmetry were good in 46.6% of the cases in group I, eyelid crease formation was not satisfactory in any of the cases. Lid contour and lid crease symmetry were good in 76.6% of the cases in group II.

Conclusion: Our results indicated that the eyelid crease approach provided better functional and cosmetic results than did the supralash stab incision in frontalis sling operations. The passage of the sling material behind the orbital septum by direct visualization in the eyelid crease approach is one of the main factors affecting the surgical success of the frontalis sling operation.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40: 213-216.
Late Isolated Brain Metastasis Following Enucleation for Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Achtaropoulos Athanassios K , Mitsos Aristotelis P , Detorakis Efstathios T , Georgakoulias Nikolaos V , Drakonaki Eleni E , Kozobolis Vassilios P
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Brain metastases from choroidal melanoma are rare and usually have a grave prognosis. A case of successfully treated late isolated brain metastasis from choroidal melanoma is described. A 35-year-old man presented with epileptic seizures of recent origin, 9 years following enucleation for choroidal melanoma. Imaging studies revealed a lesion of the right frontal lobe that was surgically removed. Results of pathologic examination were compatible with metastatic choroidal melanoma. The patient is asymptomatic 5 years postoperatively. Late isolated brain metastases from uveal melanoma may be treatable by local resection. Close, lifelong follow-up is required to diagnose and aggressively treat metastatic disease. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:151-154.]
Results of Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Closed-Globe Injuries
Authors: Ersanli Dilaver , Unah Melih , Aydin Ali , Gulecek Oguz , Kalemoglu Murat
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess surgical and visual outcomes with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in closed-globe injuries resulting in anterior and posterior segment pathologies and evaluate the factors influencing the prognosis.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study. Forty-seven eyes of 47 consecutive patients who underwent PPV because of closed-globe injury between January 1992 and August 2003 were reviewed. Surgical and visual outcomes and prognostic factors were analyzed according to the Ocular Trauma Classification System.

* RESULTS: Preoperative visual acuity was less than 4/200 in 49% of eyes, classified as grades IV to V After surgery, this ratio was 23% (P < .05). Final visual acuity was statistically significantly better in grade I (P = .0001), grade II (P= .002), and relative afferent pupillary defect-negative (P= .0001) injuries. Maculopathy was the most common adverse outcome influencing final visual acuity (32%), followed by secondary glaucoma (13%) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (8%).

* CONCLUSION: PPV is a favorable treatment modality in severe closed-globe injuries. Assessment of injuries with respect to the Ocular Trauma Classification System seemed to predict visual outcomes in this series.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:182188.]
Clinical Evaluation of Refractive Changes Following Brow Suspension Surgery in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Blepharoptosis
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Chaudhuri Zia , Chauhan Deepender
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postoperative visual acuity and refractive changes occurring after bilateral frontalis brow suspension surgery in pediatric patients with congenital blepharoptosis.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients between 4 and 12 years old with severe congenital blepharoptosis (unilateral in 21 cases and bilateral in 2 cases; total of 25 eyes) and poor levator function underwent bilateral frontalis brow suspension surgery by Crawford's double triangle method with 4:0 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures. The non-ptotic eyes (21 eyes) undergoing frontalis brow suspension surgery served as the control group. All patients had best-corrected spectacle visual acuity (BCSVA) of more than 6/9 preoperatively in both eyes. Changes in the postoperative BCSVA, binocularity, relevant refractive parameters, lid position, lagophthalmos, lid lag, and tear break-up time were evaluated in both groups for 12 weeks and appropriate statistical tests were applied.

* RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics and the postoperative changes in the eyes with and without ptosis. However, these were found to be transient and did not result in any new cases of amblyopia postoperatively. No complications requiring revision of surgery were seen.

* CONCLUSIONS: The changes in the BCSVA after frontalis brow suspension surgery are transient. Retinoscopy, manual keratometry, and corneal videokeratoscopy are simple and effective methods to evaluate the sequential refractive changes occurring in these eyes.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005,36:217227.]
Feasibility of Screening for High-Risk Age-Related Macular Degeneration With an Internet-Based Automated Fundus Camera
Authors: Zimmer-Galler Ingrid E , Zeimer Ran
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether a new screening system, the DigiScope (EyeTel Imaging, Inc., Columbia, MD), can detect the presence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at a level requiring referral to an ophthalmologist for further evaluation and possible treatment.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The DigiScope is an Internet-based semi-automated digital imaging system designed to be in primary care physicians' offices. Fortytwo eyes of 21 patients with different categories of AMD were imaged with both the DigiScope and a standard color fundus camera. The imaging capability of the two modalities was compared for identification of lesions associated with AMD and classification into stages.

* RESULTS: There was good agreement for low-risk lesions and excellent agreement for high-risk lesions. Thirty-five of 36 eyes with intermediate or advanced disease were correctly identified with DigiScope images. Choroidal neovascularization was identified in all cases with the DigiScope due to the presence of subretinal hemorrhage or subretinal fibrosis. The DigiScope was found less capable of detecting subretinal fluid than standard stereo fundus photographs.

* CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that the DigiScope may be a useful screening tool for AMD.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:228236.]
La identidad literaria del sefardí Joseph de la Vega en su diálogo Confusión de confusiones (1688)
Authors: Gómez Jesús
Published: January 2019

Las páginas siguientes abordan la identidad literaria de Joseph de la Vega, quien compone en español su diálogo Confusión de confusiones publicado en la diáspora holandesa. Además de las connotaciones específicamente judaicas, el sefardismo del escritor afincado en Ámsterdam condiciona la elección del idioma y la herencia conceptista de su estilo, que mantiene recuerdos evidentes de la cultura hispánica, así como la forma del diálogo utilizada puede inscribirse en la tradición del género dialogado cultivado en la literatura española. Se produce, por tanto, una curiosa mezcla en la identidad de su escritura, surgida en un ámbito de cruces culturales que excede los habituales límites marcados por cada historiografía nacional.
Algunas particularidades de la pronunciación del judeoespañol vistas a través de las rimas: el caso de Isaac de Botton
Authors: Álvarez López Cristóbal José
Published: January 2019

Entre los «géneros adoptados» de la literatura sefardí, la poesía de autor no ha sido aún estudiada en profundidad –en comparación con el teatro o la novela, por citar algunos ejemplos–. Este artículo se centra en analizar las rimas de dos poemarios escritos por Isaac de Botton: Recolio de poeśías diversas (Tel Aviv, 1931) y Cuadreno [sic] de poeśías (Tel Aviv, 1935). El principal propósito de este trabajo es demostrar que la rima puede revelar la manera en que pronunciaba el poeta, aunque eso a veces implique divergencias con lo que está escrito en la aljamía e, incluso, permita la detección de ciertos errores.
Effect of Zr on Structure and Resistance to Intergranular Corrosion of Severely Deformed 2024 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Krymskiy Stanislav , Ilyasov Rafis , Avtokratova Elena , Sitdikov Oleg , Khazgalieva Anastasia , Markushev Michael
Published: January 2019

Effects of severe plastic deformation by isothermal сryorolling with a strain of e~2 and subsequent natural and artificial aging on the structure and resistance to intergranular corrosion (IGC) of the preliminary quenched 2024 aluminum alloy of standard and Zr modified compositions were investigated. Increasing the temperature of aging leads to decreasing the alloy IGC resistance due to precipitation of more stable strengthening S-phase (Al2CuMg), rising difference of electrochemical potentials at grain and subgrain boundaries. Zr additions, оn the opposite, significantly increased the alloy IGC resistance in both naturally and artificially aged conditions, reducing its depth and intensity. The main structural factor, influencing the alloy corrosion behavior, is excess phases: their composition, volume fraction and distribution.
Characterization of the Superelastic and Structural Characteristics of β-Ti Alloys by Strain-Controlled Cycling after Thermomechanical Processing and Subsequent Ageing
Authors: Sheremetyev Vadim , Ijaz Muhammad Farzik , Kudryashova Anastasia , Konopatsky Anton S. , Prokoshkin Sergey , Brailovski Vladimir
Published: January 2019

In this comparative study, the structural and superelastic characteristics of two thermomechanically treated metastable Ti-Nb based (Ti-22Nb-6Zr) and Ti-Zr based (Ti-18Zr-14Nb and Ti-18Zr-13Nb-2Ta (at. %)) alloy systems were studied. To study the influence of room temperature storage on the functional properties of these two alloy systems, the alloys were subjected to a multistage testing routine consisting of four ten-cycle loading-unloading testing series alternated with three room temperature ageing periods (1, 5 and 20 days). Based on microstructure-properties relationships, it was shown that for each alloy system, the forward stress-induced martensitic transformation was essentially dependent on the material microstructure, whereas the subsequent reverse martenstic transformation was controlled by the material composition. The Ti-Zr based alloys demonstrated more stable functional behavior than their Ti-Nb based counterparts. More specifically Ti-18Zr-13Nb-2Ta, subjected to a combination of cyclic training alternated with room temperature ageing showed a significant improvement in superelastic behavior with small accumulated strains and narrow stress hysteresis.
Features of Amorphization of the Fe-TM-Nd-REM-B Alloys System at Melt Quenching by Gas Atomization
Authors: Sorokovikov Mikhail , Savin Valeriy V. , Savina Ludmila A. , Chaika V.A. , Zherebcov I.S.
Published: January 2019

Gas atomization powders (GAP) chemical composition which corresponds to the first area of the phase equilibrium, and the fraction that ensures a cooling rate of a separate powder particle of more than 103K/s contains an amorphous component of two types: the first (AC1) has a chemical composition similar to that of the alloy; and the second (AC2) has a chemical composition of the triple eutectic. AC1 is mostly localized on the surface of the powder particles (in the form of layers, shells, nodules) or are detected in the whole volume of the spherical powder particles with its size less than 5 μm. The authors hold that during gas atomization, powder particles of this size have a cooling rate ≥ 105 K/s. Alloys having a similar chemical composition at similar cooling rates are also amorphized by quenching from the liquid state. This proves that an amorphous alloy of the first type is formed directly from a supercooled melt. While AC2 (enriched by Nd) is formed on the border or in the between the crystal phase Fe14Nd2B of the remaining (after primary crystallization during the primary phase) melt enriched by the moment of the solidification of Nd.
Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Composites: Dispersion Mixing and Effect on Thermal Stability, Rheological and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Charoenchai Methus , Tangbunsuk Siree , Keawwattana Wirunya
Published: January 2019

In this study, graphene nanoplatelets C750 (GnPs-C750) was introduced to silica-filled natural rubber composites (NR/SiO2/GnPs) by simple latex mixing process and coagulation following conventional vulcanization process to investigate the outstanding properties compared to individuals. The SiO2 and GnPs contents were fixed at 40 and 2 parts per hundred of rubber (phr), respectively. The results showed that in the presence of GnPs in SiO2-filled natural rubber composites, the thermal stability of the composite was improved. Meanwhile, the rheological properties including minimum torque and maximum torque were increased and cure characteristics including scorch time and optimum cure time were decreased related to cure rate index was greater than SiO2 individual. The influence of GnPs on the mechanical properties was investigated. The results showed that it was not significantly changed in mechanical properties.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Tool Wear in High Speed Machining of Inconel 718
Authors: Reddy Moola Mohan , Nie Viviana Yong Chai
Published: January 2019

This research work considered the high speed milling operation of Inconel 718 using a 4 flute solid carbide end mill tool without the use of coolant. Inconel 718 is a Nickel based Heat Resistance Super Alloy (HRSA) that is vastly used in the aerospace industries due to its excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. However, Inconel 718 is considered as a difficult-to-cut super alloy, which poses several problems when machining the material. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect and the influence of cutting parameters (feed rate, spindle speed, and depth of cut) on the quality of the machined surface as well as to evaluate the tool wear after machining. This evaluation of the surface roughness was done using a CNC milling machine at various parameters range for the values of feed rate (50-150 mm/min), spindle speed (2000-4000 RPM), and depth of cut (0.05-0.1 mm). The experiment was designed using Response Surface Analysis Method with Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize the experimentation. The resulting tool wear and surface roughness after high speed machining were then analysed using ANOVA to determine the cutting parameters which is most affecting the surface roughness.
Elastic Constants Determination of Composite Plates Using Measured Strains
Authors: Huang Chien Yang , Kam T.Y.
Published: January 2019

A strain-based elastic constant identification method is proposed to determine the elastic constants of fiber-reinforced composite rectangular laminates using three measured strains of the plates subjected to uniaxial load testing. In the proposed method, the measured normal strains in 0°, and 45°, and 90° directions, respectively, of the plate made of one composite material subjected to uniaxial tensile testing are used to identify four elastic constants of the constituent composite material via a two-level optimization approach. The objective function used for constructing the two-level optimization problem consists of the sum of the differences between the experimental and theoretical predictions of the three strain components and a strain restraining function, which is used to help even up the effects of the measured strains on the identified elastic constants. The accuracy of the proposed method has been verified via an experimental approach.
Analysis of Microstructure and Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings on 2A12 Aluminum Alloys for Marine Applications
Authors: Shen Yan , Sahoo Prasanta K , Pan Yipeng
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere has been widespread use of 2A12 aluminum alloys in marine industry applications with exposure to harsh and complex environments. Ceramic oxide coatings were carried out on the surface of 2A12 aluminum alloys by a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process. The microstructure,
phase composition, wear resistance, and corrosion behavior of the MAO coatings were investigated experimentally. This paper mainly focuses on the experimental work to determine the effect of MoS2 concentration in the base electrolyte on the properties of MAO coatings. The results
show that the MoS2 concentration greatly affects the preparation of MAO coating during the process. The coating becomes compact, smooth, and of the highest thickness on the surface when the concentration of nano-MoS2 particles is at 2.0 g/L. Furthermore, incorporation
of nano-MoS2 particles significantly improves the wear resistance of MAO coatings when compared to the case without MoS2 particles. In addition, the best anticorrosion performance can be obtained among all coated samples by adding 2.0 g/L MoS2 nanoparticles
in electrolyte.
Environmental Dredging to Remove Fine-Grained, Organic-Rich Sediments and Reduce Inputs of Nitrogen and Phosphorus to a Subtropical Estuary
Authors: Fox Austin L. , Trefry John H.
Published: January 2019

AbstractEnvironmental dredging of fine-grained, organic-rich sediments, locally referred to as Indian River Lagoon (IRL) muck, have been promoted as an integral part of restoring the IRL, Florida, to a healthy ecosystem. In Turkey Creek, a tributary to the IRL, ~300 metric
tons of N and ~70 metric tons of P were removed with 160,000 m3 of wet muck and sand via environmental dredging during 2016 and 2017. Within the established dredged area, muck removal efficiency was ~63%; some areas were not dredged deep enough to remove all the muck. An additional
24,000 m3 of muck located outside the dredged area were not removed due to the presence of docks and seawalls. Prior to dredging, benthic fluxes of dissolved N (as ammonium) and P (as phosphate) from sediments to the overlying water, adjusted to 25°C, averaged 11 mg N/m2/h
and 2.5 mg P/m2/h, respectively. Where IRL muck was removed to expose the underlying sand or mixed sand and muck, benthic fluxes of N and P were 20- to 30-fold lower after dredging. Subsequent disturbances, including Hurricane Matthew in October 2016, redistributed residual muck,
leaving the dredged area 26% muck-free. Where muck was incompletely dredged or reintroduced by slumping, fluxes returned to predredging values within 6 months as equilibrium was reestablished between sediments and interstitial water. Dredging produced a 50% increase in water depth and basin
volume with positive increases in salinity and the total inventory of dissolved oxygen. This deeper basin also serves as a sediment trap that will sequester future inputs of muck and mitigate future benthic fluxes of N and P by reducing the transport of muck into the IRL.
Utilizing Citizen Science as a Tool for Muck Mapping in the Indian River Lagoon
Authors: McNally Jared M. , Souto Leesa
Published: January 2019

AbstractMuck thickness measurements are necessary for guiding muck dredging projects within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a coastal estuary that covers one third of Florida's east coast. Marine Resources Council, Florida Institute of Technology, and Brevard County Natural
Resources Management successfully engaged Brevard County citizens in the Muck Finders program, a muck research initiative that was designed to help quantify and prioritize muck management actions in the IRL. This program utilizes citizen science as a cost-effective means to expedite the collection
of scientifically valid data. Volunteer citizen scientists are given the education, training, and equipment needed to collect scientifically valid data to verify the presence and depth of muck at various locations within the IRL. In 2017, citizen scientists of this program contributed over
300 volunteer hours, collecting muck thickness data at over 750 individual sites. A statistical comparison of muck thickness measurements to duplicate measurements collected by volunteer citizen scientists has confirmed method reliability. Muck thickness maps created from this scientifically
valid data aid regulatory agencies to identifying areas where muck dredging will have the most impact.
Involvement of TNF-Producing CD8+ Effector Memory T Cells with Immunopathogenesis of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in Leprosy Patients
Authors: Silva Pedro Henrique L. , Santos Luciana N. , Mendes Mayara A. , Nery José A. C. , Sarno Euzenir N. , Esquenazi Danuza
Published: January 2019

Type 2 reaction (T2R) or erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a sudden episode of acute inflammation predominantly affecting lepromatous leprosy patients (LL), characterized by a reduced cellular immune response. This possibly indicates a close relationship between the onset of T2R and the altered frequency, and functional activity of T lymphocytes, particularly of memory subsets. This study performed ex vivo and in vitro characterizations of T cell blood subpopulations from LL patients with or without T2R. In addition, the evaluation of activity of these subpopulations was performed by analyzing the frequency of these cells producing IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-10 by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of transcription factors, for the differentiation of T cells, were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed an increased frequency of CD8+/TNF+ effector memory T cells (TEM) among T2Rs. Moreover, there was evidence of a reduced frequency of CD4 and CD8+ IFN-γ–producing cells in T2R, and a reduced expression of STAT4 and TBX21. Finally, a significant and positive correlation between bacteriological index (BI) of T2R patients and CD4+/TNF+ and CD4+/IFN-γ+ T cells was observed. Thus, negative correlation between BI and the frequency of CD4+/IL-10+ T cells was noted. These results suggest that CD8+/TNF+ TEM are primarily responsible for the transient alteration in the immune response to Mycobacterium leprae in ENL patients. Thus, our study improves our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and might suggest new therapeutic approaches for leprosy.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on Power Loss of Vehicle Transmission Synchronizers with Spray Lubrication
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Shen Ye , Rinderknecht Stephan
Published: January 2019

Besides optimal engine systems, high-efficiency vehicle transmissions are generally also required to improve fuel economy in automotive applications. For the energy loss analysis in transmissions, most research focused on the major mechanical components, such as gears, bearings and seals, while the other mechanical losses, like synchronizer losses, were usually not considered. With increasing number of synchronizers in modern transmissions, a recent study indicates that the power loss analysis of synchronizers should also be developed and appended for a more accurate investigation on overall power losses in transmissions. The function of synchronizer is to equalize the different rotational speeds of shafts and gear wheels by frictional torques, for which the synchronizer must be cooled and lubricated in order to enhance the service life. With the supplement of lubricants, fluid friction is generated due to the differential speed, when the synchronizer is in neutral position. This fluid friction can be principally regarded as load-independent synchronizer power loss. In this paper, fluid states and fluid dynamics in synchronizers with spray lubrication are analyzed analogously to multiple-plate clutches. Based on that, synchronizer power losses are modelled physically. With the physical model, possible influential factors on synchronizer power losses are determined. Together with consideration of the current test bench, an experimental design is developed regarding individual power loss testing on the system test bench. Through investigating the test results, the synchronizer power loss behavior is comprehensively analyzed and the physical model is optimized by means of parameter sensitivity analysis and optimization methods. The model is validated by the experimental data from literature.
In-Cylinder GDI Soot via Visualization and Time-Resolved Total Cylinder Sampling
Authors: Maruyama Tomohisa , Sato Yoshiumi , Endo Kazuki , Tsukamoto Takamichi , Aizawa Tetsuya
Published: January 2019

For better understanding, model development and its validation of in-cylinder soot formation processes of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines, crank-angle-resolved mass and size distribution of in-cylinder soot during a GDI combustion cycle were investigated via optical measurements and total cylinder sampling technique in an optically accessible Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine (RCEM). A direct-injection, spark-ignited and single-shot combustion event was achieved in the RCEM operated with engine speed 600 rpm, compression ratio 9.0, equivalence ratio 0.9 and natural aspiration. A three-component (iso-octane 65%, n-heptane 10%, toluene 25%) gasoline surrogate fuel and a multi-hole injector shared within the Japanese SIP Innovative Combustion Technology research program were used. As for the optical measurements, two-color method and laser/LED-based Diffused Back Illumination (DBI) high-speed imaging through sapphire windows on the cylinder head and the flat-top piston provided time-sequential in-cylinder soot mass. As for the total cylinder sampling, filter gravimetry and Portable Aerosol Mobility Spectrometer (PAMS) measurements of total-cylinder soot-laden gas provided crank-angle-resolved in-cylinder soot mass and size distribution. The total cylinder sampling was realized by replacing the cylinder head window with a stainless-steel diaphragm, rupturing the diaphragm at an arbitrary crank angle during combustion and rapidly expanding the total-cylinder soot-laden gas to effectively freeze secondary reactions and agglomeration of soot particles. The in-cylinder soot mass obtained by the above mentioned four different methods showed reasonable agreement each other both in increasing trend during combustion and quantitative soot mass. Measured variation of soot size distribution during combustion indicates that formation and agglomeration of soot are simultaneously occurring during combustion. Observation and morphology analysis of sampled soot via High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) are also in progress.
NOx-Conversion Comparison of a SCR-Catalyst Using a Novel Biomimetic Effervescent Injector on a Heavy-Duty Engine
Authors: Larsson Peter , Ravenhill Paul , Tunestal Per
Published: January 2019

NOx pollution from diesel engines has been stated as causing over 10 000 pre-mature deaths annually and predictions are showing that this level will increase [1]. In order to decrease this growing global problem, exhaust after-treatment systems for diesel engines have to be improved, this is especially so for vehicles carrying freight as their use of diesel engines is expected to carry on into the future [2].

The most common way to reduce diesel engine NOx out emissions is to use SCR. SCR operates by injecting aqueous Urea solution, 32.5% by volume (AUS-32), that evaporates prior the catalytic surface of the SCR-catalyst. Due to a catalytic reaction within the catalyst, NOx is converted nominally into Nitrogen and Water.

Currently, the evaporative process is enhanced by aggressive mixer plates and long flow paths. The mixer plates create extra exhaust back pressure and cool the exhaust gases, which decreases engine and catalyst efficiency, resulting in overall poor NOx conversion (<40%) and higher CO2 production under real life drive cycle conditions.

To achieve future emission legislation targets, SCR efficiency has to be improved, especially under low catalyst temperature conditions. It should also be noted that Ammonia slip has to be avoided as it is now legislated against [3].

In this study a novel biomimetic effervescent aqueous urea injector, its design inspired by the natural spray phenomenon of the Bombardier Beetle, is used to compare against a market-leading aqueous urea doser in comparable exhaust conditions with and without aggressive mixer plates being installed.

The novel biomimetic effervescent injector operates by increasing the temperature of the Urea solution inside a constant volume chamber to its saturated vapour pressure. At the required time of injection an electromagnetically controlled outlet valve opens exposing the now superheated fluid to lower pressure conditions, this results in a hot, effervescent spray being ejected which rapidly breaks up into very fine droplets (<20um) projected at high velocity (60m/s) into the exhaust stream targeted at the face of the SCR catalyst.

The novel biomimetic effervescent injector shows great potential with a significant higher NOx conversion rate and lower ammonia slip compared to the market-leading doser on a heavy-duty engine.