bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Визуализация процесса разрушения материалов при ударном воздействии с помощью механолюминесцирующего покрытия
Authors: Банишев А.Ф.
Published: April 2021

The process of destruction of materials under mechanical action (impact) was investigated. To register and visualize the process of destruction, a mechanoluminescent composite material based on transparent in the visible region of the spectrum glue and powder of a phosphor was used. The composite material was applied to the surface of the material under study. It is shown that the mechanoluminescent layer is sensitive to cracks formed in the sample upon impact and allows visualizing the process of their formation and growth with good resolution.
Концептуальная модель квазибессилового магнита малого объема c инерционным удержанием его торцевой части
Authors: Шнеерсон Г.А. , Парфентьев А.А. , Титков В.В. , Кривошеев С.И. , Лагуткина А.Д. , Немов А.С. , Ненашев А.П. , Шиманский С.А.
Published: April 2021

The efficiency of using a diamagnetic screen with inertial retention in a non-destructive
quasi-force-free magnet of a small volume (with a characteristic dimension about 10 cm^3 ) for
generating a superstrong magnetic field with a pulse duration of about 10 µs is shown. A
configuration of the magnet was developed, in which the end part of the winding is balanced due
to the fact that the screen virtually does not move during the discharge. Mechanical stresses in
the winding were calculated, and it was demonstrated that mechanical strength of the winding
can be ensured in a field with magnetic flux density up to 100T. Calculations of the heating of
the winding were performed and the possibilities of its reduction to an acceptable level are
indicated.
Эксперимент по созданию канала радиосвязи в морской среде
Authors: Томилин А.К. , Лукин А.Ф. , Гульков А.Н.
Published: April 2021

A full-scale experiment on the transmission of a short-wave modulated radio signal in a marine environment using spherical antennas at a distance of 470 m is described. The special transceiver equipment is designed in accordance with the results of the generalised electrodynamics theory. An assumption is made about the possibility of creating a high-frequency radio communication channel in the marine environment by means of longitudinal electromagnetic waves.
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Informal Caregivers: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Biliunaite Ieva , Kazlauskas Evaldas , Sanderman Robbert , Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene Inga , Dumarkaite Austeja , Andersson Gerhard
Published: April 2021

Background

Caregiving for a family member can result in reduced well-being for the caregiver. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) may be one way to support this population. This is especially the case for caregivers in countries with limited resources, but high demand for psychological services.

Objective

In this study we evaluated the effects of a therapist-guided 8-week-long ICBT intervention for informal caregivers.

Methods

In total, 63 participants were recruited online and randomized either to the intervention or to the wait-list control group. The main study outcome was the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). Secondary outcomes included measures of caregiver depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life.

Results

Moderate between-group effect sizes were observed for the CBI measure, in favor of the intervention group, with a Cohen d=–0.70 for the intention-to-treat analysis. Analyses of the subscales of the CBI showed significant reductions on the subscales of Development and Physical Health. Moderate reductions were found for depression and anxiety scores as indicated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores. Large between-group effects were observed for reduction in stress and increase in quality of life as indicated by the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14), The Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life Scale (BBQ), and The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). In addition, participants experienced little to no difficulty in using the program and were mostly satisfied with the intervention’s platform and the choice of content.

Conclusions

This is the first internet intervention study for informal caregivers in Lithuania. The results suggest that therapist-guided ICBT can be effective in reducing caregiver burden, anxiety, depression, stress, and improving quality of life.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04052724; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04052724
Health Information Technology Use Among Persons With Self-reported Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Analysis of the 2011-2018 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Nwokeji Uchenna , Spaulding Erin M , Shan Rongzi , Turkson-Ocran Ruth-Alma , Baptiste Diana , Koirala Binu , Plante Timothy B , Martin Seth S , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne
Published: April 2021

Background

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Health information technologies (HITs) have recently emerged as a viable intervention to mitigate the burden of ASCVD. Approximately 60% of US adults report searching the internet for health information; however, previous research has not examined the prevalence of general technology or HIT use among adults with and without ASCVD. In addition, social determinants in HIT use among adults with ASCVD are not well understood.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and social determinants of HIT use among US adults with versus without self-reported ASCVD.

Methods

We pooled cross-sectional data from the 2011-2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to examine the general technology and HIT use among adults aged ≥18 years with and without self-reported ASCVD (coronary heart disease, stroke, or both). General technology use was defined as mobile phone ownership, internet use, and computer use. HIT use was defined as looking up health information on the internet, filling a web-based prescription, scheduling a medical appointment on the internet, communicating with a health care provider by email, or using web-based group chats to learn about health topics. We evaluated sociodemographic differences in HIT use among respondents by using Poisson regression. Analyses were weighted according to NHIS standards.

Results

A total sample of 256,117 individuals were included, of which 2194 (0.9%) reported prior ASCVD. Among adults with prior ASCVD, the mean age was 70.6 (SD 11.5) years, and 47.4% (1048/2194) of the adults were females. General technology use differed between participants with and without prior ASCVD, with 36.0% (614/1826) and 76.2% (157,642/213,816) indicating internet usage and 24.6% (374/1575) and 60.7% (107,742/184,557) indicating using a computer every day, respectively. Similarly, adults with ASCVD were less likely to use HIT than those without ASCVD (515/2194, 25.1% vs 123,966/253,923, 51.0%; P<.001). Among adults with prior ASCVD, social determinants that were associated with HIT use included younger age, higher education, higher income, being employed, and being married.

Conclusions

HIT use was low among adults with a history of ASCVD, which may represent a barrier to delivering care via emerging HIT. Given the associations with social determinants such as income, education, and employment, targeted strategies and policies are needed to eliminate barriers to impact HIT usage.
Empowerment Programs among Local Inhabitants at Rabak Residence in Indonesia
Authors: Aziz Roikhan Mochamad
Published: April 2021

Community service in Rabak Village, Bogor, Indonesia, was done for 30 days, involving 16 students from 7 faculties with an additional 1 lecturer as a supervisor. Activities were conducted from August until September 2017. The approach used the methodology of Hahslm with the ontology of Islam, comprehensiveness in epistemology, and axiology of balancing. This guidance method utilized the straight path theory that combines the three main factors, internal, external, and reflexivities such as academicians, regulators, and ulama. For the planning and implementation, the research had objectives to map community potential, increase people capacity and transfer education. There were problems with local culture and obstacles encountered such as lack of time, sort of consolidating and coordinating with various parties in internal group members and supervisors, external parties such as sponsors, as well as the reflexivity of ulama and religious leaders. From the results of the activities, there were several successes: increasing community participation in development programs in villages, increasing motivation to learners in elementary and junior high school to continue education to higher levels, and to educate public knowledge about Islamic universities, to increase public awareness of the importance of marriage books, and increase physical building or development rehabilitation of water reservoirs, and reading parks.
Policy Advocacy Training for Women Victims of Violence in Maros Regency
Authors: Abdullah Muh Tang , Yani Andi Ahmad , Allorante Atta Irene , Hans Amril
Published: April 2021

Cases of violence against women in Maros Regency are quite high. For example, in 2016, according to Department of Women Empowerment and Child Protection (DP3A) data, there were 68 cases and 21 police data cases. Likewise, divorce data in the Religious Courts are more caused by domestic violence. Of course, this social problem must be immediately addressed through local government policies. However, in fact, no policy specifically regulates the handling of this problem. Therefore, community service in the form of policy advocacy training for village women victims of violence needs to be carried out. This advocacy training was attended by 25 participants from various villages. Participants were provided with policy advocacy materials covering (1) government policies and programs on the protection of women; (2) the concept and practice of policy advocacy; (3) issues of violence and protection of women; (4) technical public speaking and lobby strategy, and (5) public opinion and press release materials. The results of the training evaluation resulted in an increase in knowledge and skills for participants after following the entire set of materials provided. Recommendations for activities are suggested to immediately take more concrete action in the form of policy advocacy to encourage the issuance of the Regional Regulation (Perda) of Maros Regency concerning Protection of Women from Violence.
The Development of River School as a Community Empowerment Facility at Tegaltirto, Berbah, Sleman Regency
Authors: Sulistiyani Ambar Teguh , Kamulyan Budi , Yuliana Muammar , Yuliani Kristi , Dewi Susilowati Myrra
Published: April 2021

A river as one of the providers and buffers of life must always be preserved. The sustainability of the river ecosystem is necessary so that water availability can be maintained over time both in quantity and quality. Attention to community behavior is the main target to guarantee the conservation of river water. River pollutants are increasing in quantity due to both domestic and production activities. Community empowerment aspect should always be improved especially in taking care of maintenance and utilization sustainability of the river for human life in particular and ecosystem in general. Tegaltirto Village which is crossed by the Opak River is very important to be preserved especially in proper river management. Community service in the form of institutional development of river school is needed. The scheme is appropriate to educate, assist, and initiate a proper and sustainable community empowerment forum.The research methods in the empowerment of a river school institution are focused on the participatory empowerment aspect. Data collection was done through interviews, documentation, and focus group discussions. The knowledge and skills of the river school institution are transferred through training and an intensive facilitation program.  The preparation of the follow-up plan was done through assistance by UGM Team. This was to realize the organizational structure that was responsible for the management and utilization of river resources. The implementation of a river school institution in Tegaltirto Village cannot be separated from the community participation and the observer of river conservation in the spirit of building the village. Conservation and sustainability of water and river utilization become the implementation motivation for the river school activity in Tegaltirto village.
Improvement of Andong Horseshoe Quality in Yogyakarta City to Support City Tourism
Authors: Tontowi Alva Edy , Ilman Mochammad Noer , Baroroh Dawi Karomati
Published: April 2021

The Zero Kilometer Point is an important route for andong horses in Yogyakarta City. The renovation and replacement of road material with andesite can cause horses to slip because the horseshoes have not been adjusted to the new road material. If neglected, it can harm the horses and its owners, reducing the tourism industry in Yogyakarta. On the other hand, horseshoes demand is still met by small and medium enterprises (SME) without a well-standardized system. After doing technical testing to the existing horseshoe design, several alternative solutions were obtained for horseshoe redesign (1) by adding rubber pads and (2) serrated without rubber pads. Based on analysis and testing, it was found that horseshoe with the addition of rubber by 40% was able to increase the friction value to 0.54 or 10% from the initial condition. Besides improving the productivity and quality of SME horseshoe products, several solutions should be considered, including (1) change the layout design of SME by implementing 5S lean six sigma principles and (2) apply new methods/technology to maintain the standardization of horseshoe product. Implementation of both solutions will guarantee not only the quality product but also SME production. It is hoped that all the improvements that have been made will increase the quantity and quality of horseshoe products. Then it will also be able to improve the image of Yogyakarta City as a tourist city.
The Effect of 20-20-20 Rule Dissemination and Artificial Tears Administration in High School Students Diagnosed with Computer Vision Syndrome
Authors: Zulkarnain Bambang Subakti , Budiyatin Aniek Setiya , Aryani Toetik , Loebis Rozalina
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Computers and gadgets are modern tools for assisting Senior High School students’ work. However, using gadgets more than 2 hours a day may cause computer vision syndrome (CVS), which can interfere with academic activities. CVS main symptom is dry eyes. Objectives: CVS could be prevented by applying the 20-20-20 rule and artificial tears. Results: A total of 100 students from two public high schools in Kediri with 50 students from each school were selected for this community service. All students diagnosed with CVS participated in the dissemination of 20-20-20 rule and artificial tear administration. The pre-test and post-test scores, the Tear Break Up Time Test (TBUT) and the Ocular Disease Surface Index (OSDI) were measured within two weeks. TBUT and OSDI are parameters for measuring dry eye. Likewise, interviews were conducted to assess the adherence to the 20-20-20 rule and artificial tea administration. The results showed the knowledge level increased (p <0.0001). Most students understood 20-20-20 rule and how to administer artificial tears correctly. However, the adherence to both methods was approximately 50%. There was an improvement in the TBUT (p <0.0001) for dry eyes but not for OSDI (p> 0.05). Conclusions: Applying the 20-20-20 rule and artificial tears could be used for CVS treatment.
About Social Responsibility of Business of the Enterprises of Udmurtia
Authors: Kuznetsov A. L. , Chikurov R. V.
Published: April 2021

Смена экономической формации на рубеже 90-х годов привела к серьезным хозяйственным и социальным изменениям. Трансформация экономической и идеологической составляющих не могла не сказаться на процессе жизнедеятельности всех элементов экономической систем, в том числе на уровне промышленных предприятий. Одна из главных актуальных проблем, выявленных в условиях современной экономической системы, – отсутствие соответствующего отношения к рабочей силе (человеческому капиталу) как основополагающему фактору производства, который в недавнем прошлом играл определяющую роль на предприятиях и жестко контролировался на основании составления социальных паспортов предприятий. В настоящее время все чаще можно услышать мнение, что вопрос социальной ответственности представителей крупного бизнеса  отражает негативную картину действительности и с течением времени сводится к крайне низким показателям. Намечается тенденция смещения акцентов с присущей отечественным организациям так называемой социалистической модели в сторону европейской и американской. Предприятия все более охотно освобождаются от объектов социальной инфраструктуры, сворачивают социальные программы для своих работников, в меньшей степени занимаются благотворительностью – обосновывая такую практику тем, что эти функции должно выполнять государство. Такая тенденция не только опасна с точки зрения снижения эффективности самого производственного процесса, но и грозит серьезными социальными последствиями как на уровне самого предприятия, так и на территории, на которой оно расположено. Авторы статьи поставили цель определить, а каковы тенденции социальной ответственности бизнеса  на крупных предприятиях Удмуртии во временном промежутке от социалистического уклада до современного этапа. Статья подготовлена в соответствии с программой фундаментальных научных исследований государственных академий наук и планом НИР Института экономики УрО РАН на 2021–2023 гг. «Методология инновационного развития РОПС в условиях нестабильной экономической конъюнктуры»
Computer Simulation of Flows in the Urban Transport Network
Authors: Kasatkina E. V. , Ketova K. V.
Published: April 2021

В работе представлен подход к моделированию транспортных потоков в условиях светофорного регулирования. Разработана компьютерная имитационная мультиагентная модель транспортных потоков, которая включает три основных агента: автомобиль, светофор, генератор. Разработан расчетный имитационный алгоритм движения автомобилей по дорожным полосам и имитационный алгоритм их поведения на перекрестках. Компьютерная мультиагентная модель и имитационный расчетный алгоритм поведения автомобилей в транспортной сети реализованы в виде интеллектуальной аналитической системы, которая также включает в себя базу данных по характеристикам движения автомобилей, спроектированную в среде СУБД MS SQL, и модуль визуализации всех процессов.Компонентами имитационной модели транспортных потоков являются система координат (карта), сами динамические объекты (автомобиль, светофор, генератор входного потока автомобилей), счетчик временных интервалов и алгоритм движения автомобилей. В процессе моделирования транспортных потоков в системе фиксируются необходимые выходные параметры модели.На примере одного из дорожных участков города Ижевска продемонстрированы возможности реализованной модели. Разработанная компьютерная имитационная мультиагентная модель позволяет рассчитывать показатели средней длины очереди транспортных средств в любое время суток с учетом интенсивности входных транспортных потоков.
EXPERIENCE OF THE LABORATORY 637 CENTER OF STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SUPERVISION DURING THE PANDEMIC OF NEW CORONAVIRAL INFECTION
Authors: Pishchugin D. Yu. , Shubenkin S. G. , Tarumov R. A. , Shemeneva A. N. , Tsintsadze O. G.
Published: April 2021

The publication presents the experience of organizing the introduction of PCR diagnostics methods into everyday laboratory practice. The main stages of redevelopment and equipping the laboratory with the necessary equipment, consumables and personal protective equipment for employees are highlighted. The necessity of regular organization of specialized conferences and symposia with the involvement of military bacteriologists and specialists in laboratory diagnostics of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, both remotely and in person. The preliminary results of the laboratory’s work on the etiological diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection have been analyzed. So, along with official statistics for all regions of the Russian Federation, the increase in the incidence of COVID-19 in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol among the military and civilian population occurred in the fall of 2020. There were revealed comparable indicators of positive test results from among the studies carried out in our laboratory with the data on Crimea and Russia as a whole.
The First UK Experience with Single-use Disposable Flexible Cystoscopes: An In-depth Cost Analysis, Service Delivery and Patient Satisfaction Rate with Ambu® aScope™ 4 Cysto
Authors: Wong Anton , Phan Y.C. , Thursby Helen , Mahmalji Wasim
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective

Ambu® aScope™ 4 Cysto is a single-use disposable flexible cystoscope that allows clinicians to perform the procedure at any time and any place. It simplifies workflow, frees up resources and allows clinicians to treat more patients. Our trust became the first in the UK and Europe to utilise these cystoscopes. An in-depth evaluation was performed to test its practicality, cost analysis and patient satisfaction against traditional reusable flexible cystoscopes.

Material and Methods

We compared the cost of using Ambu® aScope™ 4 Cysto to perform flexible cystoscopies in 20 patients prospectively against traditional flexible cystoscopes in 20 patients retrospectively. The cost of the equipment, reprocessing, cleaning supplies and maintenance were consulted from relevant departments and companies. All prospective patients were also given a patient satisfaction questionnaire to complete. An unpaired t-test was used to analyse the data.

Results

Our study revealed that it costs £135.23 and £166.33 on average to perform a flexible cystoscopy using Ambu® aScope™ 4 Cysto and the traditional flexible cystoscopes, respectively. Our patient survey revealed that there was a statistical significance between the patient experience using the single-use disposable scopes compared with the traditional reusable flexible cystoscopes (P = 0.0455). Further, 95% of patients also preferred a single-use disposable cystoscope over traditional reusable ones, given the option.

Conclusion

Single-use disposable flexible cystoscopes are a safe and cost-efficient method of performing the procedure. It is portable and proves to be a simple, efficient and practical way of performing a flexible cystoscopy in an inpatient, outpatient, or emergency setting.
The role of practical experience requirement in improving the accountant work performance in the business sector
Authors: Al Frijat Yaser Saleh , Al-Hajaia Mohammad Eid
Published: April 2021

University accounting education is a competitive market, and business schools face a great deal of financial pressure to employ huge numbers of students (Howcroft, 2017). So, practical experience, as one of the vital international accounting education standards, is considered highly important because it plays a vital role in improving and developing graduate competencies in the accounting profession within Jordanian business markets. Consequently, the paper aims to discuss the importance of the practical experience requirement and its role in improving the work performance of accountants in the labor market. A Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) approach was used for the analysis of the study. The article had a randomly selected sample of professional accountants at the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). According to the findings, the axis of practical experience related to technical competencies in the field of accounting, business, economics, and information technology has a significant and positive impact on improving professional accountants’ work performance in the labor sector so that they become qualified professionals in the financial markets. The current paper is one of the few studies that have been carried out in a developing country like Jordan; the study outcomes may help higher education institutions in other developing countries to evolve the concept of practical experience for accounting graduates.
Efficiency of eDNA and iDNA in assessing vertebrate diversity and its abundance
Authors: Carvalho Carolina , Oliveira Marina , Rodriguez-Castro Karen , Saranholi Bruno , Jr Pedro Galetti
Published: April 2021

Environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) have been
increasingly recognized as a powerful tool for biodiversity assessment
and conservation management. However, because of uncertainties on the
efficiency of eDNA/iDNA approach in comparison to conventional methods,
its use to assess the vertebrate diversity is still rare. Here we
assessed the efficiency of eDNA/iDNA in comparison to conventional
methods to survey vertebrate diversity across several type of samplers,
vertebrate groups, and location (tropical vs temperate zones), as well
as its efficiency to be used as a proxy for relative abundance or
biomass across different molecular methods (qPCR and metabarcoding) and
types of experiments (in the lab or in the field). The metanalysis
showed that, in general, there is no difference in the number of species
detected or number of sites that a target species was detected when
using eDNA/iDNA or conventional methods, suggesting that eDNA/iDNA and
conventional methods were equally efficient in characterizing the
biodiversity. However, for water sampler and fish, separately, the risk
of not finding a species was greater using conventional method than
eDNA, suggesting that eDNA/iDNA was more efficient in finding the target
species. Abundance and biomass showed similar correlation patterns, and
there was a positive correlation between eDNA/iDNA and abundance/biomass
data, suggesting that eDNA/iDNA can be used as a proxy for abundance and
biomass. Therefore, eDNA/iDNA has proved to be an efficient tool to
assess vertebrate diversity in terms of both diversity of species and
abundance or biomass.
Ecological restoration of fly ash-dumped area: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Yadav Swati , Pandey VC , singh Lal
Published: April 2021

Fly ash (FA) is the 80% of coal burnt by-product of thermal power
plants (TPPs), its disposal in landfills causes environmental and health
issues. The amount of FA production is increasing continuously to fulfil
the worldwide energy for demand, which possibly never find a practically
safe method for FA dumping. Its fine particle size disperses in the air
and causes air pollution and water pollution is resulted due to slurry
erosion from FA dumps and contamination by leachate. Health issues and
environmental concerns due to fly ash landfills/dumpsites can be
prohibited by covering with phytoaccumulator plant species. Limitations
of plant growth in FA includes alkaline pH, contain metals such as Cr,
Cd, As, Hg and Pd, toxic level of B, pozzolanic properties of FA and
lack of microbial activity. Generally, the phytoremediation process is
slow therefore, to accelerate the phytoremediation process FA require
organic amendments and bio-fertilizers. This article focuses on the role
of naturally occurring plants in stabilization of FA dumpsite and
physiochemical changes in FA. This review summarises the different
holistic approaches of rehabilitations of FA landfills and also compiles
how to convert FA landfills into useful landfills for bioenergy
productions. Utilization of organic matter and industrial waste has been
proved to provide essential nutrients for plant establishment and heavy
metal accumulation. The outcomes of this learning are beneficial for
classifying site-specific ecological restoration of FA landfills through
holistic approach.
DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE MEASURES TO RESTORE FLY ASH CONTAMINATED LANDS: CURRENT CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: Upadhyay Dr Sudhir , Edrisi Sheikh
Published: April 2021

Land degradation is one of the major global environmental issues that
need serious attention. The land itself is a complex system regulating
myriads of processes and perturbation in anyone these would certainly
lead to the stimulation of land degradation. Among these, fly ash (FA)
dumping is one of the common-practices, which has been adopted to
overcome land-use disruption and other health hazards. However, this
practice has become a driving factor for FA-induced land degradation.
Therefore, in purview to tackle this issue, the present article is aimed
to identify and suggest plausible sustainable practices to restore and
manage FA contaminated sites. It preliminarily deals with the systematic
exploration and identification of FA-based and associated contaminated
lands via geospatial technology with a brief focus on monitoring its
different contaminant profiles in the FA and soil systems. Moreover, the
article emphasizes identifying the potential local plant species in the
FA-contaminated regions to understand the local people’s demands.
Following this, it would suggest the major sustainable approaches to
expedite the restoration of FA contaminated lands along with the key
highlights of their bottlenecks, while the ground implementation.
Nevertheless, the article aimed to unravel the recommended prospects to
address those bottlenecks to develop an efficient restoration enterprise
during the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030).
Impact of COVID-19 social distancing on viral infection in France: a delayed outbreak of RSV
Authors: Delestrain Céline , Danis Kostas , Hau Isabelle , Billard Marie-Noelle , Kragten Leyla , Cohen Robert , Bont Louis , Epaud Ralph
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures has deeply modified
the natural course of seasonal viral infections, such as respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV). Methods We analysed French national data from
three networks: emergency departments (ED) of French hospitals, general
practitioners (GP), and hospital laboratories. We compared the number of
ED visits and GP visits for bronchiolitis in children <2 years
of age, and the percentage of RSV positive tests in the 2020-2021 season
with those of the two previous seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020). We
used time series of the previous 5 years to calculate epidemic
thresholds. Results During the 2020–2021 season, the epidemic begun in
February (week 05) in the Ile de France (Paris and suburbs) region, 12
weeks later compared with the previous seasons and progressively spread
across all the French metropolitan regions. The highest number of
bronchiolitis cases in 2021 (week 12) occurred 10-12 weeks after the
previous seasonal peaks of previous seasons, but the number of cases
remained lower than in the previous seasonal peaks. Conclusion We
identified a delayed RSV epidemic in the period that usually corresponds
at the end of the epidemic season, raising concerns for the burden of
RSV in the already strained healthcare systems during the COVID-19
pandemic
Associations of Job Demands and Patient Safety Event Involvement on Burnout among a Multidisciplinary Group of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Clinicians
Authors: Dunn Tyler , Terao Michael , Blazin Lindsay , Spraker-Perlman Holly , Baker Justin , Mandrell Belinda , Sellers Janet , Crabtree Valerie , Hoffman James , Burlison Jonathan
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Workplace burnout can result in negative consequences for
clinicians and patients. We assessed burnout prevalence and sources
among pediatric hematology/oncology inpatient nurses, ambulatory nurses,
physicians (MDs), and advanced practice providers (APPs) by evaluating
effects of job demands and involvement in patient safety events (PSEs).
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey (Maslach Burnout Inventory) measured
emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal
accomplishment. The NASA Task Load Index measured mental demand,
physical demand, temporal demand, effort, and frustration. Relative
weights analyses estimated the unique contributions of tasks and PSEs on
burnout. Post-hoc analyses evaluated open-response comments for burnout
factors. RESULTS: Burnout prevalence was 33%, 20%, 34% and 33% in
inpatient nurses, ambulatory nurses, and MD, and APPs respectively
(N=481, response rate 69%). Reduced personal accomplishment was
significantly higher in inpatient nurses than MDs & APPs. Job
frustration was the most significant predictor of burnout across all
four cohorts. Other significant predictors of burnout included temporal
demand (nursing groups & MDs) effort (inpatient nurses & MDs) and PSE
involvement (ambulatory nurses). Open-response comments identified time
constraints, lack of administrator support, insufficient institutional
support for self-care, and inadequate staffing and/or turnover as
sources of frustration. CONCLUSIONS: All four clinician groups reported
substantial levels of burnout, and job demands predicted burnout. The
body of knowledge on job stress and workplace burnout supports targeting
organizational-level sources, versus individual-level factors, as the
most effective prevention and reduction strategy. This study elaborates
on this evidence by identifying structural drivers of burnout within a
multidisciplinary context of pediatric hematology/oncology clinicians.
Diaphragm Ultrasography to Predict Respiratory Failure in Infants with Severe Bronchiolitis
Authors: Gómez-Zamora Ana , Rodriguez-Alvarez Diego , Durán-Lorenzo Iria , Schüffelmann Cristina , Rubio Miguel Rodríguez , Martinez-Romillo Paloma Dorao
Published: April 2021

Objetive: To evaluate the ultrasonographic contractile activity indices
of the diaphragm in infants with moderate and severe bronchiolitis
supported with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or non-invasive
ventilation (NIV) to predict the need of invasive mechanical ventilation
(IMV). Methods: Prospective observational study in infants admitted to a
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Diaphragmatic excursion (dEx),
diaphragmatic inspiratory (dTi) and expiratory time (dTe), and fraction
of diaphragmatic thickening (dTF) were recorded at admission, 24 h and
48 h in both diaphragms. RESULTS: Twenty-six patiens were included (14
on HFNC and 12 on NIV) with a total of 56 ultrasonographic evaluations.
Three patients required IMV. Sixty-four percent of the patients on HFNC
required NIV as rescue therapy and 2/14 IMV (14,2%). In the HFNC group
there were no differences in dEx between those who required escalation
to NIV or IMV and those who didn’t. Diaphragmatic left thickening
fraction (Left dTF) increased in patients on HFNC requiring IMV vs those
needing NIV (Left dTF 47% vs 22% (13-30); p=0,046, r=0,7) (Fig 2).
Diaphragmatic inspiratory time was higher in infants on HFNC requiring
IMV and diaphragmatic expiratory time was shorter (dLET, p=0,038; dRET,
p=0,022). In the NIV group there were no diffenreces in dEx, dTi, dTe or
dTF between patients needing escalation to IMV and those who didn’t. We
found no correlation between a clinical score and echographic dTF.
CONCLUSION: In infants with moderate or severe brochiolitis receiving
HFNC the use of ultrasonographic left dTF could help predict respiratory
failure (RF) and need for IMV. The use of ultrasonographic diaphragmatic
excursion is of little help to predict both.
An Analysis of the Money Demand Function for Zambia: A Gregory Hansen Cointegration Approach
Authors: Mumba Peter Nsokolo , Ziramba Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to analyze the money demand function for Zambia for the period 1978 – 2018 using annual time series data. The study employed the Gregory Hansen cointegration technique. The study also employed Hendry’s General to Specific technique to estimate the error correction model by obtaining a parsimonious model. The results of the Gregory Hansen test confirmed the presence of a cointegrating relationship and selected the GH-2 model as the most plausible model with a level shift and a trend. The results also endogenously determined 1994 as the break year in the money demand function. Other interesting results obtained by the study suggest that inflation and interest rate are the robust determinants of real money demand both in the short and long run. Furthermore, unlike many other developing countries, the results show that money is a necessity in Zambia. The other interesting results suggested by the study are that the financial sector reforms of 1994 diminished the demand for real money; however, the positive time trend suggests that there has been an increase in real money holdings over time in Zambia. The low-interest elasticity of money demand also potentially compromises the effectiveness of money supply as a monetary policy tool for economic stabilization. The results of the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ confirm the stability of the money demand function in Zambia.
Assessing Funding Mechanism Available for Mining Companies in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kaseke Nyasha , Mapakame Gift
Published: April 2021

The mining sector has been the cornerstone of economic growth in Zimbabwe hence funding becomes very crucial to resuscitate the economy. The study aimed to assess the funding mechanisms for the mining sector of Zimbabwe and the effect of these on the performance of the sector. A quantitative study was carried out in the mining sector. The research findings showed that respondents pointed out that the funding mechanisms used in the mining sector of Zimbabwe are project finance, finance by private equity, public bonds and loans from banks and other financial institutions. It was also revealed that over and above available mechanisms, investment in the mining sector is being influenced by Interest rate, Business economic empowerment policies, bank lending criteria and Technical information, simultaneously. Furthermore, the study established that the mining sector needs skilled and technical staff, Technical information, banks’ lending criteria and Capital markets to get funding from investors. It was derived that, investment in the mining sector will increase production, product quality and profitability which in turn lead to infrastructural development. In addition, it is envisaged that funding will result in mining exports increase at the same time that new technologies are being introduced and the GDP is rising. Owing to the focus being exclusively on the funding of the mining sector, the study also recommended further studies on other factors, besides funding, that are affecting the performance of the sector.
The Influence of Empathy on Moral Judgments
Authors: Avsar Rojhat , Gabriel Rami
Published: April 2021

Empathy is expected to correlate with pro-social attitude   s, but what effect does empathy have on judgments of distributive fairness? In our study, we found that participants with higher empathy scores on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) were more likely to: (a) favor the use of egalitarian distribution when the joint effort is involved, and (b) deem overly self-interested or opportunistic behavior unfair. Female participants were more consistent in the exercise of moral judgments across diverse scenarios. Furthermore, empathy has several dimensions (e.g., perspective-taking or empathetic concern) and we observed that they interacted with gender and the nature of the hypothetical problem differently in some cases. Although the findings of the study are not counterintuitive, it has identified some avenues for further explorations and highlighted some potential methodological shortcomings of the IRI as a measure of empathetic traits.
Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children
Authors: Luo Shan , Angelo Brendan C. , Chow Ting , Monterosso John R. , Thompson Paul M. , Xiang Anny H. , Page Kathleen A.
Published: April 2021

Background: Children exposed to gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal obesity in
utero have an increased propensity to develop obesity. Little is known
about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We aimed to examine relationships between
exposure to GDM or maternal obesity and daily energy intake, brain responses to
food cues within reward regions and adiposity in children.

Design: Participants were 159 children ages
between 7-11. Repeated 24-hour recalls were conducted to assess mean daily
energy intake (EI). A subset of children (N=102) completed a food cue task in
the MRI scanner. A priori
regions-of-interest included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala,
ventral striatum and dorsal striatum. Adiposity measurements, BMI z-scores,
percent body fat, waist to height ratio (WtHR) and waist to
hip ratio (WHR) were assessed.

Results: Exposure
to GDM was associated with greater daily EI, and children exposed to GDM
diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation had greater OFC food cue reactivity. Children
exposed to GDM also had larger WHR. Results remained significant after
adjusting for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal
pre-pregnancy BMI and child’s physical activity levels. Furthermore, children
who consumed more daily calories had greater WHR, and the relationship between
GDM exposure and WHR was attenuated after adjustment of daily EI. Pre-pregnancy
BMI was not significantly related to daily EI nor food cue reactivity in reward
regions. However, pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly related to all adiposity
measurements; results remained significant for BMI z-scores, WtHR and WHR after
controlling for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity,
maternal GDM exposure and child’s physical activity levels.

Conclusions: Exposure to GDM in utero, in particular
before 26 weeks gestation, is associated with increased EI, enhanced OFC food
cue reactivity and increased WHR. Future study with longitudinal follow-up is
merited to assess potential pathways of daily energy intake and food cue
reactivity in reward regions on the associations between GDM exposure and
childhood adiposity.
O ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL E OS INTERESSES DE CLASSES ENTRE AS DÉCADAS DE 1970 E OS DIAS ATUAIS: QUEM TEVE DIREITO DE ACESSO?
Authors: Oliveira Samara Taveira de , Bezerra José Eudes Baima , Braga Maria Margarete Sampaio de Carvalho
Published: April 2021

Este texto investiga em que medida as políticas educacionais entre os anos 1970 e os dias atuais promoveram o acesso ao Ensino Superior. São consideradas as demandas sociais da classe trabalhadora ou da elite brasileira? As reformas educacionais, promovidas pela Lei n° 5.692/1971 e Lei n° 13.415/2017, se encaminham para uma educação emancipada ou atendem a interesses divergentes da classe trabalhadora? Os estudos revelaram que a precarização da educação pública, de nível básico ao superior, intensifica-se no contexto de crise do capital. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizam o método dialético, com revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. Conclui-se que a educação básica sempre se encaminhou para um processo de dualidade estrutural, direcionando o jovem da classe trabalhadora ao trabalho precoce e, os filhos da elite à Universidade, marcando trajetórias de vida distintas no Brasil.
ALTERNÂNCIA NA FORMAÇÃO DE EDUCADORES DO CAMPO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS PARA SUA MATERIALIDADE
Authors: Farias Maria Celeste Gomes de , Mufarrej Hage Salomão Antonio
Published: April 2021

O artigo visa identificar e analisar contribuições dos movimentos sociais do campo na materialidade das práticas formativas em alternância na formação de educadores da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo LPEC da UNIFESSPA. A investigação se fundamenta na teoria social crítica e se desenvolveu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com educandos, formadores e representantes dos movimentos sociais. O trabalho está organizado em três partes: os movimentos sociais como referências na Educação do Campo e a alternância na formação inicial de educadores do campo; o território da Região Sudeste do Pará e ações dos movimentos sociais que orientam o Curso e o perfil dos educandos, e por fim, a partir das falas dos sujeitos analisamos as contribuições dos movimentos sociais nas práticas em alternância. Os resultados indicam que os movimentos sociais contribuem para enriquecer os processos formativos em alternância na formação dos educadores do campo.
To Correlate Serum D-Dimer Levels With Clinical Outcome in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Rajanna Avinash Hanbe , K Ravi , Shenoy Vallish
Published: April 2021

Background: The pandemic COVID19 has been causing significant morbidity and to some extent mortality as well. There has been urgent need to evaluate and identify the reliable predictors of disease severity and outcome. The fatal outcomes by COVID-19 are accompanied with micro vascular thromboembolism, which in turn is determined by serum D-dimer levels. Aim: To correlate serum D-dimer levels in COVID 19 patients admitted in an Indian setting, with clinical profiles and disease outcomes. Methods: A single-centre, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from March 2020 to May 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum D-dimer levels were compared with the treatment outcomes of the COVID-19 positive patients. Results: A total of 1977 COVID-19 patients were studied. The mean age was 43.89±15.58years and had male preponderance of 61.56% of the total subjects. The mean serum D-dimer levels among recovered and expired patients were 1.05±5.4mcg/ml and 1.81±2.92mcg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Serum D-dimer was increased in COVID-19 patients but did not show significant difference between the survival and the non-survival group, thus disproving it as a useful marker for assessing the severity of COVID-19.
Evaluation of DLL3 Expression in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma in Southern Brazil and its Correlation with EGFR, PDL-1, CICLIN D 1, Neuroendocrine Markers and Clinical Findings
Authors: Barcelos Marçal Josenel Maria , Bonato Giuseppe Dick , Iaroseski Júlia , Baptistela Caroline , Ribeiro da Rosa Janaina , Machado Rosa Rafael Fabiano , Gazzola Zen Paulo Ricardo
Published: April 2021

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCSL) is a rare malignancy whose treatment is palliative. The knowledge of its biology is important for the development of new therapies. The expression of delta like 3 protein (DLL3) is involved in the regulation tumorigenic in SCSL.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of DLL3 in small cells lung carcinoma (SCLC) and its correlation with clinical data, survival and association with other biomarkers.
Methods: a cohort retrospective of 56 patients from institution in Southern Brazil was analyzed. The expression of DLL3 was positive when present in 5% or more of the membranes and cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. PDL -1 and EGFR were positive when expressed in 1% or more of the membranes, ciclin D1 and KI 67 by the percentage of stained nucleus.
Synaptophysin, chromogranin and CD56 were tabulated with 1 positive and zero for negative. DLL 3 expression was evaluated as mean, standard deviation and quartiles. Clinical-demographic and death data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Pearson's test. Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier curve were used for survival.
Results: Of 56 individuals, 16 were excluded because there was no tumor available and 13 patients (32.5%) had positive DLL 3.
EGFR expression was 46.2% (HR 2.4), PDL-1 30.8% (HR 3.56) cyclin D1 53.8% (HR 2.77) and chromogranin A 30.8% (HR 0.3)
All patients positive for chromogranin A were negative for anti-DLL3 (p> 0.17). The overall survival for positive DLL3 was slightly higher (p = 0.711) as well as for chromogranin A negative (p 0.299)
Conclusion: The DLL3 mutation acts on SCLC tumorigenesis. The study of its expression may be useful for the development of new therapies. The inverse correlation between DLL3 and chromogranin .A may represented a protective factor, but it needs to be better studied in a larger cohort.