bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thinning of 'Golden Delicious' apples with new thinning compounds
Authors: STOPAR Matej
Published: July 2024

Six year old apple trees 'Golden Delicious'/M9 were sprayed with new thinning compounds and their combination. Application of ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) 0.5 % did not thin while ATS 1% doubled the yield of bigger fruits. 1- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 10 ppm affected a strong but still reasonable thinning – the mean fruit weight was increased. Spraying of 6-benzyaldenine (BA) 50 ppm had no influence on fruitlet abscission while BA 100 ppm thinned the best – shifting the fruit to bigger size class was so strong that no yield per tree was lost. Ethephon 150 ppm applied alone had no thinning response. Consecutive spraying of ATS 0.5 % and BA 50 ppm did not reduce the yield significantly but the mean fruit weight was enhanced. All the combination sprayings of NAA 10 ppm with ATS 0.5 %, ethephon 150 ppm or BA 50 ppm respectively, caused a too strong thinning response so that the yield of bigger fruit was diminished too. Return bloom was increased with all chemical thinning treatments except when single agents BA 50 ppm, BA 100 ppm or ethephon 150 ppm were applied.
Contamination of agricultural products with pesticide residues in the period 1996 – 1998 – comparison with the period 1987 – 1995
Authors: UREK Gregor , GREGORČIČ Ana
Published: July 2024

In the period 1996 – 1998, 348 samples of different plants (potato, grapes, maize, apples, carrots, lettuce, cabbage) were collected directly from their growth places. A total of 742 analyses was made in order to determine the contamination of agricultural products with the residues of copper, organophosphorous esters, dithiocarbamates, metalaxyl, dicarboxymids, phthalimids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbamates and triazines. The pesticide residues were contained in 97 samples or 27.87 %. The maximum residue limit was exceeded in 1.15 % of analysed samples.
Kmetija kot posebna oblika kmetijskega gospodarstva
Authors: ČEBULJ Bernarda
Published: July 2024

The farm is only one form of farming. The farm is representing a base of western European farming. Between European states there are diferences in size structure and socio-economic structure. The number of farms has decreased, the share of part-time farms has increased and the farm population is steadily aging. The future of the farms is not good but this form of farming has a chance to survive. We just have to give them the opportunity.
Analiza primerjalnih prednosti: jabolka, breskve in jagode
Authors: BOJNEC Štefan
Published: July 2024

Slovenia is a net exporter of apples and a net importer of peaches and strawberries. Most Slovenian trade flows in these fruits are intra-industry trade flows. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Austria and Germany are the most important markets for Slovenian apples, while Slovenia imports apples mostly from Italy and Croatia. Slovenian exports of peaches and strawberries go primarily to Austria, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, while most of Slovenian imports of these fruits are from Italy and Spain. Slovenian apples, peaches and strawberries are typicaly exported at middle and low price levels, while import prices are higher as the result of seasonal factors; they are lower during the continental season and higher otherwise. Slovenia could potentially develop comparative advantages in the export of apples on European markets, but this is less likely to develop in the case of peaches and strawberries. Austria and especially Germany are potential markets for Slovenian fruits (apples), while major increases in competitive pressures and relative trade advantages are expected from Poland, Hungary, Romania and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
Flowering prediction of pear tree (Pyrus communis L.), apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) and plum tree (Prunus domestica L.) - similarities and differences
Authors: BERGANT Klemen , ČREPINŠEK Zalika , KAJFEŽ-BOGATAJ Lučka
Published: July 2024

Paper discusses the similarities and differences in predicting the full flowering of apple tree (cv. 'Bobovec'), pear tree (cv. 'Pastorjevka') and domestic plum tree. The study was conducted at University of Ljubljana. Input data were standard weather and phenological observations of Hydrometeorological Institute of Slovenia. First average monthly air temperature and average monthly amount of precipitation from January to April were used as predictors for flowering of fruit trees during the time period 1967-1996 and in second case input data for models were phenological data of autochthonous plants: first leaves unfolded of Betula pendula ROTH, Fagus sylvatica L. and Tilia platyphyllos Scop. Two different approaches were employed for predicting of full flowering of apple tree, pear tree and plum tree: the linear multiple regression and correlation analysis. The date of full flowering for all tree species is strongly correlated with the first leaves unfolding of birch (R2 is from 0.61 to 0.91) and in case of pear tree and apple tree also with first leaves unfolding of beech (R2 is from 0.62 to 0.66). Also strong correlation with combination of average March and April air temperature was found for flowering of apple tree and plum tree, for pear tree the full flowering was correlated with combination of average February and March air temperatures. In case of apple tree 76% of total variance was explained by linear multiple regression model between full flowering and air temperatures, for plum tree 55% and for pear tree even 91%. The multiple regression model for predicting the full flowering on the base of March and April temperatures have great disadvantage, because the predictions can be made in case of apple tree only 2 days ahead and in case of plum tree not even that. On the other hand, the prediction of flowering for pear tree can be made 22 days ahead. The full flowering for apple tree and plum tree in our case were not correlated to average monthly amount of precipitation at all. This could be expected since in Slovenia, water availability in the spring is sufficient for plant needs.
Analysis of operational harmonization of water allocation in a public irrigation system in Indonesia - a case study of Baro Raya irrigation area
Authors: HELMI Helmi , TAKEYA Hiroyuki
Published: July 2024

This study focused on operational procedure of water allocation across a public irrigation system in Indonesia. The objective is at achieving goals of water distribution in the attempt to gain both equity and efficiency. Methodology of this study is conducted through a series observation on the field that have implemented Pasten, Faktor-K, Faktor Palawija Relative (FPR) and Golongan methods as the step of water allocation procedures. Results of the study showed that these methods were carried out harmonically amongst the irrigated area according to the characteristic of its land and availability of water. There are no overlapping or varying of the methods using in each block. However, it was found some violations of operational rules due to lack of irrigation inspectors, malfunction of measurement structure, miss in assessing areas by crop type and planting date, and many tertiary blocks across more than one village.
Redukcija nitrata v globljih plasteh tal
Authors: PINTAR Marina , LOBNIK Franc
Published: July 2024

In seven days of the continuous incubation experiment at T=18°C with undisturbed soil samples of brown soils from the Apače Valley different dose of nitrate and additional glucose in some soil depth have statistically different impact on nitrate reduction rate (p=0.1, p=0.05 or p=0.01). This was in soil depths of 10-20 cm, 30-40 cm, 50-60 cm, and 90+ cm which correspond to soil horizons Ap, A1,2, Apog and C from 0.23±0.005 to 3.23±0.7, from 0.042±0.003 to 1.63±0.20, from 0.15±0.04 to 1.7±0.1 and from 0.004±0.001 to 1.05±0.09 mg N-NO3/kg of dry soil/day respectively. Linear models of added nitrate concentration impact on nitrate reduction rate vary statistically distinguishing among soil depths (p=0.01). With additional glucose, the nitrate reduction was 5.5 times faster in the gravel parent material and 2.3 times faster in the uppermost soil layer.
Comparison of fertilisation with organic or mineral fertilisers in a three year vegetable crop rotation
Authors: JAKŠE Marijana , MIHELIČ Rok
Published: July 2024

In a 3-years field trial, 6 vegetable crops (cabbage, spinach, lettuce, fennel, onion, Chinese cabbage) were grown, supplied with different fertilisers: farm yard manure (FYM), compost of hens' droppings, shredded wood and bark (COMP), and mineral fertiliser with one (NPK-2) or two applications (NPK-1) of nitrogen during the growing season of the crop. The amount of added nitrogen was adjusted in all plots, except with the control plot (?), where no fertilisers were applied. The experimental field was located in Ljubljana, on ameliorated alluvial brown clay loam. Soil taken from different layers was 17 times sampled and analysed for soil mineral N (SMN) Yields of crops and their components were determined. They were evaluated upon visual appearance (market quality), and storage ability. The whole yield produced in 3 years on plots fertilised with inorganic fertilisers was almost twice as high as with COMP and 40% higher compared to FYM. In the first year, N was immobilised with COMP. N recovery during the entire trial was only 8% with COMP, 37% with FYM, 65% with NPK-2 and 81% with NPK-1. Cabbage contained higher dry matter content (DM) when fertilised with compost. However, the percentage of dry matter did not significantly differ in crops grown in the 2nd and 3rd year. In despite of lower DM, cabbage and Chinese cabbage formed harder heads with NPK treatments. There was no difference within treatments in the storage ability of onion.
Effect of different nitrogen amounts in nutrient solution on plant growth and nitrate accumulation in aeroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa l.)
Authors: KACJAN-MARŠIĆ Nina , OSVALD Jože
Published: July 2024

The influence of different nitrogen amounts in nutrient solution on growth, development and nitrate content was studied in aeroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Three successive experiments were conducted in 1999 from April to September, in an aeroponic system. The lettuce plants cv. Vanity were grown in aeroponics using four different amounts of nitrogen in nutrient solutions. The pH level was maintained between 5.5 and 6.5, and the EC between 1.8 in 2.2 mS/cm. Fresh weight measurements were made on all the material. Differences among averages of fresh weight were statistically significant in the first experiment. The maximum final fresh weight average in treatment 8 mM was 1000 g. In the second and the third experiment, the largest amount of nitrogen 12 mM NO3-N, also affected the growth of lettuce plants. The low level of nitrate in the nutrient solution significantly increased the fresh weight of the final roots regarding the level of nitrate in standard nutrient solution (12 mM NO3-N). The highest NO3- concentration in older leaves was recored in plants grown in nutrient solutions with 8 mM and 12 mM NO3-N. The low enough NO3- concentration was found in leaves of lettuce treated with nutrient solution with 4 mM NO3-N, in all three experiment.
Dohodek na kmetijah
Authors: KOVAČIČ Matija , UDOVČ Andrej , ČEBULJ Bernarda
Published: July 2024

In the paper the problematic of measuring the economic effectiveness of the family farms is discussed. The base of the discussion is the theory, which treats the family farm as a whole of production-technical factors and farm household, and where household members often, with their non-agricultural activities, provide necessary income for its operation. After short overview of different methods for estimating farm income and economic status of family farms in Slovenia and some EU countries, the problem of comparative measuring of farm income from pure agricultural activities is discussed. Then the concept of “economic power of farm” and “index of economic power of farm –IGM” as its measure are introduced. At the end the usage of that index is demonstrated on example of some model farms.
Growing technique and cultivar choice as factors of the occurrence of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel) on summer lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: TRDAN Stanislav , ŽNIDARČIČ Dragan
Published: July 2024

In the 2000-2001 period the economic importance of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel) on seven cultivars of summer lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), grown on or without black plastic mulch was studied. Though the differences between the cultivars in the infection with the fungus were obvious, it was concluded that there is no immediate connection between the degree of infection with the pathogen and the yield of the lettuce. There was also no immediate connection between the degree of infection with the fungus and the growing technique used.
Micronutrients, Mediterranean-diet and cardiovascular risk: the RIVAGE study
Authors: VINCENT S. , DEFOORT C. , GERBER M. , PLANELLS R. , ROTILY M. , BERNARD M.C. , RENUCCI J.F. , VAGUE P. , LAIRON D.
Published: July 2024

RIVAGE study is a diet intervention in which we compare a Mediterranean-type diet with the usualy prescribed diet (recommended by American Heart Association) in 320 volunteers who already have one or more cardiovascular risks.
Trženjski model oživitve etnične jedi na primeru ajdovega močnika
Authors: VADNAL Katja
Published: July 2024

In Slovenia, pap is traditionally perceived as a tasteless and worthless dish of the poor. Still, buckwheat pap has been ranked among buckwheat dishes that are frequently consumed by Slovene consumers. The research aim is to investigate the perceived value of buckwheat pap and to compare it with its’ objective nutritional value, as well as to evaluate possibilities and ways of reposition of the dish from worthless eating for the poor to high valued wholesome meal of knowledgeable consumers. Results indicate that taste of buckwheat milky pap is a meal of pleasing, mild taste and tempting smell, suitable for family supper. The application of post-modern archetypic concern for the past, that is source of composing post-modern nutritional collage in case of this dish means combination of massages: safety – stillness – well-being. The key target market segments should be households within the groups of full-nest 1 and 2, as well as of seniors or households that are sensitive to the quality and to the prices of food, respectively.
Primerjalna analiza sistemov zavarovanja posevkov in plodov v Sloveniji in v državah - članicah Evropske zveze
Authors: ZDOVC Dejan , VADNAL Katja , KOŠMELJ Katarina
Published: July 2024

Due to increasing environmental and economic hazards, risk management becomes an important managerial issue for farmers. As Slovene farmers have choice of technology and of insurance companies as tools of risk management only, research was aimed at the comparison of the crop insurance schemes in Slovenia, Belgium, France, Italy, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. The crop insurance systems and their effectiveness were studied and compered by the insured perils as well as by the modes of crop insurance and by the hail insurance effectiveness indicators. The McNemar Test for a comparison of two dependent proportions, based on the loss ratios in hail insurance, disclosed that the potential for profit is significantly lower in Slovenia as it is with the compared group of countries. Guidelines for the improvement of crop insurance scheme in Slovenia are derived from comparative analysis of the selected insurance systems.
Gospodarsko pomembne lastnosti petih sort konoplje (Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa) iz poljskih poskusov v Markišavcih pri Murski Soboti
Authors: KOCJAN AČKO Darja , BARIČEVIČ Dea , RENGEO Dejan , ANDRENŠEK Samo
Published: July 2024

Five varieties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa), aimed at stem or seed production, were plotted in the field experiment (4 random blocks) at Markišavci location near Murska Sobota, in north-eastern part of Slovenia. Two sawing dates were applied: the first in April (main crop) and the second in July (stubble crop). Each of the experimental plots (4 repetitions within one treatment) was designed on the area of 30 m2. The results of the D 9-THC analysis, based on EU prescribed methods, showed that plant samples, obtained from the upper third of the female or hermaphrodite plants of tested varieties 'Unico-B', 'Juso-11', 'Bialobrzeskie' and 'Beniko', did not exceed the limit of 0.2 % THC (EU regulation). This is the reason, why these varieties seem acceptable for cultivation purposes in Slovenia. On the contrary, 'Novosadska konoplja' exceeded the legally allowed D 9-THC concentration in the upper third of crop plants, sampled in August (0.84 %) and September (0.82 %) as well as in all samples in 2001. These elevated amounts of D 9-THC considerably influenced the average content of D 9-THC in plant samples of 'Novosadska konoplja' (0.46 % in 2000 and 0.34 % in 2001). The highest stem and seed yields per ha in production year 2000 were obtained with 'Novosadska konoplja' (stem yield 4465 kg/ha, seed yield 654 kg/ha), when both applied technologies and sawing dates were considered. In 2001, the average stem and seed yields of 'Unico-B' (stem yield 4150 kg/ha, seed yield 333 kg/ha) exceeded (2.9 % and 62.8 %) those of 'Novosadska konoplja' for stem and seed yield, respectively. When considering other economically important characteristics of hemp production (plant height, the periode of technological maturity of seeds, the contents of essential- and fatty oils) a significant differences in respond of tested varieties to the applied technologies or sawing dates were observed.
Vpliv dolžine korenin in količine organske snovi ob sajenju na rast cepljenk cv. 'Chardonnay' v prvi rastni dobi
Authors: RUSJAN Denis , KOROŠEC-KORUZA Zora
Published: July 2024

Planting a vineyard is a long term and an expensive task. With an appropriate technology the first optimal yield should be available as soon as possible, returning the input investment money. A vineyard lifetime comes as the result of the planting material quality and of the complex technology measures, the planting techniques being the crucial ones. In 2001 we started an experiment with the grafts of cv. ‘Chardonnay’ planted in 4 different treatments: grafts with roots cut to two lengths (5 cm and 10 cm) and planted with none or with 0.5 kg of organic matter added to the planting hole. We have marked the treatments like: K (growth length 10 cm and 0.5 kg compost), D1 (growth length 3 cm and 0.5 kg compost), D2 (growth length 10 cm and 0 kg compost) and D3 (growth length 3 cm and 0 kg compost). We made three measures in two-months grafts growth. The root length and the organic matter influenced significant the shoot development in the first growing season. The utmost shoots developed on the grafts with longer roots and with no added organic matter at planting. The later finding should be explained with the characteristics of the organic matter and with its water supply capacity in this dry growing season.
Different expression of uidA gene in transformant tobacco leaves
Authors: ŠKOF Suzana , LUTHAR Zlata
Published: July 2024

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf disks with two Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, LBA4404 and EHA105, and four plasmids, pCAMBIA1201, pCAMBIA1301, pCAMBIA2301 and pCAMBIA3201, was used for introduction of an uidA reporter gene and corresponding plant selection genes (hpt, npt or bar gene) into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Havana 38). Expression of the uidA gene was evaluated by histochemical analysis of ?-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transformed tobacco plants that successfully grew on appropriate selection media. GUS staining also revealed differences in both intensity and pattern of blue coloration in plants transformed with the same plasmid and bacteria strain. Molecular analysis of blue coloured plants by the PCR method confirmed the integration of the reporter gene and corresponding selection genes. Moreover, PCR revealed the incorporation of reporter and selection genes into some plants that grew on selection media, but exhibited no uidA gene expression. Lack of uidA gene expression could be due to a random incorporation of foreign DNA into transcription inactive parts of chromosomes or due to a phenomenon called gene silencing, which appears to be a fairly frequent problem in establishing successful transformation protocols.
Sensory characteristics of Slovenian honey
Authors: GOLOB Terezija , BERTONCELJ Jasna , ŠKRABANJA Vida
Published: July 2024

The objective of the present study was to assess the sensory quality of Slovenian honey. Three sensory attributes: colour, odour and aroma of 293  honey samples were evaluated by an experienced and trained panel of six assessors. Samples were collected in years 1998 to 2000 and classified to five assorted (acacia, chestnut, fir, lime and spruce) and four unsorted (flower, forest, blend and Metcalfa pruinosa) honeys. The analysis of variance showed that between honey types the differences in colour and odour were statistically significant. The honeys sensory characteristics were generally not influenced by the production year and different seasonal climatic conditions. Sensory evaluation can overcome the limitations of chemical and pollen analyses and serve as an appropriate tool for honey type authentication.
Všečnost cvetnih barv pri ljudeh
Authors: KARAVANJA Nikolaja
Published: July 2024

The study examines people's preferences for flower colors, taking roses as samples. 77 interviewees, male and female, of different ages and  professions were  asked to rank 12  color photographs  of  12 different colored rose cultivars, mostly tea hybrids, according to their color preferences. Each participant generated one rating scale; the calculation of average rankings enabled us to create a scale of generally liked colors. Scarlet shaded red  was the highest rated color, followed  by crimson red, orange and white. The yellow color was situated approximately in the middle of the rating scale, rose and pink colored flowers were less preferred and lilac blue the least. Preferences vary according to gender, with women being slightly less favorable to red colors, more often choosing roseate or lilac blue flowers as pleasing ones. Men are much more favorable to red colored flowers than women, a fact, which corresponds with results of different researchers about colors in general.
Characteristics of the bacterium Agrobacterium vitis isolated from Slovenian vineyards
Authors: FABJANČIČ Eva , Milevoj Lea
Published: July 2024

Twenty-three bacterial isolates were isolated from fresh grapevine galls of crown gall disease of 9 different cultivars using semiselective media 3DG and RS. Eight reference strains from Germany, Hungary and Afghanistan were used as positive controls. Isolates were further characterised by means of 10 morphological, physiological and biochemical tests and their pathogenicity was checked on 4 different species of test plants. Identification and pathogenicity were also checked by the use of PCR with specific primers, which detected T-DNA carrying oncogenes acs and vis. The UPGMA dendrogram based on similarity of obtained biochemical and PCR results divideed the analysed isolates into two clearly differentiated clusters. The first cluster consisted of 18 Slovenian bacterial isolates, 3 Hungarian and 1 Afghanistan reference A. vitis strains, which show typical results for A. vitis in all biochemical tests and/or contain typical sequences of acs or vis gen. The second cluster was made up of 9 isolates, with two or more atypical results of biochemical tests and were negative in PCR. One isolate was identified as A. tumefaciens bv. 1 according to results of biochemical tests. Among 11 Slovenian and 6 foreign isolates, which were found to be pathogenic on test plants, 14 were pathogenic on tomato, 9 on Kalanchoe tubiflora and 7 isolates formed tumors on sunflower. Among 16 Slovenian A. vitis isolates identified by means of PCR 12 were octopine/nopaline and 2 were vitopin isolates.
Vpliv priprave DNK na občutljivost odkrivanja bakterij Listeria monocytogenes s PCR
Authors: KLANČNIK Anja , SMOLE MOŽINA Sonja , JERŠEK Barbara
Published: July 2024

We studied the effect of DNA preparation methods of Listeria monocytogenes DNA on PCR sensitivity for L. monocytogenes detection with specific primers. We tested eight lysis protocols for releasing of DNA with detergents, enzymes and/or high temperatures. Considering PCR detection limit in a range from 105 to 106 cfu/ml, rapidity, low cost and preparation simplicity, we chose lysis solution consisting of 0.05 M NaOH and 0.125 % SDS to be used in the optimal procedure for L. monocytogenes DNA preparation.
Prehranski in analitski pristop k vrednotenju izkoristljivosti škroba v živilih
Authors: ŠKRABANJA Vida , GOLOB Terezija , KREFT Ivan
Published: July 2024

In the paper a review of physiologically advantageous effects of slowly or less digested starch, passing the human gastrointestinal tract, is given. Some analytical methods for quantifying the availability of starch are described in details. Suitability, handiness and reliability of in vitro and in vivo techniques for evaluating the resistant starch content and the rate of starch hydrolysis are discussed.
Organic cultivation of landraces and cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) in the plastichouse and in the open field
Authors: KACJAN MARŠIČ Nina , ČERNE Mihaela , INDEST Vesna
Published: July 2024

In the organic, biological-dynamical cultivation in unheated plastichouse tomato cultivars, hybrid and landraces were studied in comparison with the open field production. The average total yield was 74 % higher and the average marketable yield 182 % higher in the plastichouse than in the open field. The lowest total and marketable yield was obtained from cv. Marmande and cv. San Marzano. There is no substantial difference in the marketable yield between the hybrid Arletta, landrace Milka and landrace Maribor. By the same planting date in the plastichouse, the harvesting time was prolonged in comparison to the open field cultivation for 48 days for hybrid Arletta. Landraces Milka and Maribor had only 5 to 6 % of total and 2% of marketable yield in October, but cv. San Marzano yielded 30 % of total and 27 % of marketable yield in October when cultivated in an unheated plastichouse. Landrace Milka and landrace Maribor had more cracked fruits than hybrid Arletta. The weight of average marketable fruits was the lowest with cv. San Marzano, followed by hybrid Arletta and landrace Milka. Cultivar Marmande and landrace Maribor had marketable fruits over 200 g.
Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi for control of walnut blue butterfly (Chaetoprocta odata [Hewitson, 1865]) in walnut (Juglans regia L.) under laboratory conditions
Authors: GULL Shazia , RASOOL Ajaz , AHMAD Tariq
Published: July 2024

Biological control nowadays is rapidly growing to reduce the incessant use of chemical insecticides for control of various insect pests. In the present study, entomopathogenic fungi are used to determine insecticidal activity against walnut blue butterfly under laboratory conditions. The experimental setup was completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatments along with control with different concentrations of entomopathogenic fungi. The bioassay was carried out by spraying second larval instar of Chaetoprocta odata [Hewitson 1865] with 1, 2, 3 & 4 % conidial concentration of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. (1912) and Isaria fumosorosea Wize (1904). The results of this study showed that all the concentrations showed remarkable pathogenic activity but I.  fumosorosea was highly pathogenic and recorded the highest mortality rate of 93.33 % after 144 hours compared to B. bassiana where 73.33 % mortality was reported. LC50 values for B. bassiana (4.15) was higher than that of I. fumosorosea (3.34) which indicates that I.  fumosorosea was more effective against C. odata population. Among different concentrations of I. fumosorosea, 4 % concentration was the most effective with lowest LC50 values.
Study on physiological and morphological traits of purple shamrock (Oxalis triangularis A. St.-Hil. ) as affected by humic acid under salinity stress
Authors: ATHARI Maryam , ARGHAVANI Masoud , SOLEIMANI Ali , AELAEI Mitra , SAYYAD-AMIN Pegah , ESMAEILI Somayeh
Published: July 2024

Salinity is one of the main environmental factors that limit plant growth and productivity. Humic acid (HA) can directly have positive effects on plant growth, and absorption of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus by plants. This study aimed to concentrate on the impact of HA under salinity stress on Oxalis triangularis to use it as an ornamental plant in green spaces and landscaping. Treatments included three salinity stress levels (0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl) and four concentrations of HA (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg l-1) on O. triangularis with four replicates. Applying HA under salinity stress at 40 and 80 mM increased stem length compared to the control, but this increase was lower at medium and high salinity levels. HA at 400 mg l-1 had the best effect on rhizome length under salinity stress at 40 and 80 mM. The reduced trend on proline content in HA at 0, 200, 400, and 600 mg l-1 under salinity stress at 40 mM was 19.65, 18.45, 16.92, and 13.57 %, respectively. By increasing the concentrations of HA, anthocyanin content was raised when compared to the control. Leaf sodium and potassium decreased by applying HA with or without salinity stress.
The history and current state of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivation and use in Japan
Authors: NAKUI Shinya , MIKAMI Tetsuo
Published: July 2024

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an ancient crop that has been cultivated for thousands of years for its fiber as well as for its oil rich seeds. The crop was introduced into Japan in the end of the 17th century, but its popularity did not begin to increase until the 1890s. The production of domestic fiber flax exceeded 45,000 metric tons in the late 1910s, and Japan had a well-developed linen industry for flax processing. In the 1960s, the mass production of synthetic fibers led to the collapse of Japanese linen industry, and consequently fiber flax culture in the country disappeared. In Japan, flaxseed oil with rapid drying property was once exclusively used for manufacturing a variety of industrial products such as paints, varnishes, linoleum, and printer’s ink. Recently, this vegetable oil has gradually attracted the attention of Japanese consumers because of its health benefits mainly attributed to its high content of alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid). Over the past decade, the consumption of edible flaxseed oil has been increasing rapidly, but domestic oilseed flax production remains small. In this review, we describe the history of fiber flax cultivation in Japan. The current state, problems, and perspectives of oilseed flax culture and use in the country are also presented.
Seed composition, physical characteristics and mineral content of Sudanese landraces of pumpkin
Authors: HASSAN Safaa Ahmed , SHAKAK Mahdi , MARIOD Abdalbasit , MUSTAFA Salma Elghali
Published: July 2024

The study examined 23 landrace pumpkin seed samples from six Sudanese states (South Kordofan (SK), North Kordofan (NK), Gazira (GZ), Gadarif (GF), White Nile (WN), and Blue Nile (BN)), focusing on their composition and physical characteristics. The results showed significant differences in oil percentages, with SK having the highest percentage. Protein content varied between 16.91 % and 26.13 % in NK. The proximate composition of pumpkin seeds also varied significantly. The study found a significant difference in fatty acids, with polyunsaturated fatty acids having 37.02 % and monounsaturated fatty acids having 27.50 %. The total unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 55.2 % to 70.2 %, while the total saturated fatty acids ranged from 29.45 % to 45.27 %. Seed length, width, and thickness varied, with WN having the highest kernel percentage (78.45 %). Several minerals were extracted from the seeds, with potassium being the most abundant element, ranging from 946 to 1100 mg 100 g-1. Analysis revealed that the seeds contained a rich source of zinc (Zn), ranging from 8.4 mg 100 g-1 to 16.21 mg 100 g-1. The study concluded that Sudanese landrace pumpkin seeds are valuable for edible oil and protein fortification due to their high levels of oil, protein, and minerals.
Chemical profiling of male date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaflets in El M’Ghair region, Algeria: Insights into total phenols, flavonoids, proteins, and total sugars
Authors: BENAMOR Bilal , GHENBAZI Kaouthar , BERRAMDANE Meriem , GHERAISSA Noura , RETIMA Linda , CHERRADA Nezar , CHEMSA Ahmed Elkhalifa , GHEMAM AMARA Djilani , CHALA Adel
Published: July 2024

Diese Arbeit präsentiert eine umfassende Untersuchung der biochemischen Zusammensetzung von männlichen Dattelpalmblättern (Phoenix dactylifera L.), die in der Region El M'Ghair in Algerien wachsen, insbesondere der drei Sorten: Deglet Nour, Degla Beida und Ghars. Die chemische Analyse konzentrierte sich auf Proteine, Gesamtzucker, Phenole und Flavonoide. Signifikante Unterschiede wurden in den Gehalten dieser Verbindungen zwischen den drei Sorten festgestellt. Degla Beida zeigte den höchsten Proteingehalt (39.09±4.58%), während Ghars den niedrigsten Prozentsatz aufzeichnete (18.33±5.35%). Gesamtzucker variierte zwischen den Sorten, wobei der höchste Gehalt in den Blättern von Ghars lag (74.54±6.92%) und der niedrigste in Degla Beida (46.28±9.11%). Die Produktionsverhältnisse von groben methanolischen wässrigen Extrakten zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Sorten, was auf ähnliche Extraktionseffizienzen hinweist. Phenolische Verbindungen waren reichlich vorhanden, wobei Degla Beida den höchsten Gehalt aufwies (206.03±30.55 μg GAE. mg-1) und Ghars den niedrigsten (135.81±11.38 μg GAE. mg-1). Auch der Gehalt an Flavonoiden unterschied sich signifikant, wobei Degla Beida und Deglet Nour die höchsten Werte aufwiesen (36.02±3.79 und 30.18±3.88 μg QE. mg-1), während Ghars die niedrigsten Werte aufwies (22.02±2.31 μg QE. mg-1). Die Korrelationsmatrix zeigte positive Zusammenhänge zwischen Proteinen, Phenolen und Flavonoiden, während eine starke negative Assoziation zwischen diesen Verbindungen und dem Gesamtzuckergehalt beobachtet wurde.
Laboratorijsko delo pri pouku biologije v slovenskih srednjih šolah
Authors: Šorgo Andrej , Verčkovnik Tatjana , Kocijančič Slavko
Published: July 2024

Between years 2005 and 2006 was conducted a research based on extended questionnaire about implementation of computer-based laboratory into Science teaching. One of the specific goals was to find out preliminary data about status of laboratory exercises in teaching biology. Our interest was in sources of teachers’ manuals, which style of laboratory work prevails, how often teachers include laboratory work in their teaching, the way in which exercises are performed and teacher’s attitudes toward such work. Answers from 70 teachers (about 40% of Slovene secondary school biology teachers) were received. Based on the answers of the questionnaire we can conclude that teachers have generally positive attitudes toward laboratory work, and they include into teaching most of the prescribed laboratory exercises. Not so positive are the findings that a large part of the exercises is presented to the students as demonstrations, and expository style is preferred. Into the future efforts should be done to transfer expository labs into inquiry and problem-based laboratory work. If the situation stayed unchanged the function of laboratory work will be only in function of presentation and clarification of concepts. The influence of such work in the domain of so called higher educational goals would be minimal or nonexistent. If the intention is to improve Biology teaching then the prescribed curriculum should be changed in the way that more timeis given to few topics. On the other hand teachers need more in-service trainings in didactics of problem-based teaching.
Za vedno je odšla zaslužna profesorica dr. Nada Gogala
Authors: Gaberščik Alenka
Published: July 2024

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Rhizobacteria-Pseudomonas guguanensis SMHMZ4 Isolated from Mines Area Assists Green-Remediation of Cadmium by Brassica juncea: a Promising Environment Sustainable approach
Authors: Sarita sharma Dr. Sarita Sharma
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate how metal-tolerant rhizobacteria isolated from the mine area and landfill site influence the phytoremediation efficacy of B. juncea plants in metal-contaminated soils. Out of four cadmium-tolerant rhizobacteria, isolate SMHMZ4 showed the promising phytoextraction efficacy of B. juncea. Isolate SMHMZ4 was identified as Pseudomonas guguanensis and submitted to NCBI GenBank under accession number MZ145097. These rhizobia were reported for the first time to support metal-Cd phytoremediation using B. juncea. Compared with the non-inoculated control, SHMMZ4 treatment significantly improved the germination of B. juncea seeds and increased soluble heavy metals in soil by 7.78 times. Growth and health parameters, pigment and metal accumulation in roots and shoots of isolate SHMMZ4 inoculated B. juncea grown in individual soil contaminated with 94.95 μg g-1 CdCl2 were significantly increased. Pot experiments showed that SHMMZ4 could transfer heavy metals from soil to roots, from roots to shoots and the values of translocation coefficient, bioconcentration coefficient, and bioaccumulation coefficient were 1.28, 1.22, and 1.72, respectively, which were significantly higher than the non-inoculated control. In the present study it is demonstrated that the amendments of rhizobacteria to B. juncea is believed to be a more promising method for green remediation of cadmium.
In vitro and In vivo fungicidal activities of toxic cyanobacterium of Neowestiellopsis persica strain A1387 against Alternaria porri
Authors: Nowruzi Bahareh
Published: July 2024

Background: Although cyanobacteria are recognized as renewable sources of biomass for bioactive compounds, they have received little attention as potential biocontrol agents of foliar plant diseases.
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fungicidal efficacy of native toxic Iranian cyanobacteria strain Neowestiellopsis persica strain A1387 against Alternaria porri, which causes onion purple blotch disease, in vitro and under greenhouse conditions.
Study design: Various concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml of cyanobacterial extracellular products of studied cyanobacteria strain were tested for their antifungal activity.
Methods: after cultivation cyanobacteria strain, the amount of total cell dry weight, total phenolic compounds and total alkaloid compounds were evaluated.
Results: The amount of total biomass, phenolic and Alkaloid compounds was equal to 26.2 ± 0.05 mg/ml, 70.08 ± 0.62 mg/g and 4.24 ± 0.18 mg/g respectively. Identification of compounds using GC-MS showed that Quercetin (28.56147%) and Caffeic acid and Kaempferol (9.275864 and 9.94034%) were the highest and lowest of phenolic compounds respectively, Moreover 1,2-dideuterio-1-deuteriooxy-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine; hydrochloride (28.56147%) and Pseudoephedrine (10.67333%) were the highest and lowest of alkaloid compounds. Treatment of infected onion plant with cyanobacterial extract significantly reduced the increase of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Also, severity of pathogenicity with Alternaria porri was significantly reduced to 20-50% by applying the 15 and 20 mg/ml of cyanobacteria extract.
Conclusion: In conclusion, extracellular metabolites of cyanobacteria extract have potential as effective fungicides to control purple blotch disease of onion.
Load Carrying Capacity of Case-Carburized Gears with Different Cryogenic Treatments
Authors: Blech N. , Kratzer D. , Surm H. , Steinbacher M. , Tobie T. , Stahl K.
Published: July 2024

Gearboxes of modern drivetrains, e.g., in wind turbines, can be exposed temporarily to low ambient temperatures during their manufacturing or during operation. During manufacturing or assembly, for example, very low temperatures sometimes occur during joining processes due to the cryogenic treatment of the components. In these cases, the temperature depends on the cooling medium used (typically dry ice or liquid nitrogen). Furthermore, depending on the application, gearboxes may be exposed to low ambient temperatures up to -60 °C when used in cold regions. The low temperatures can have an impact on the component properties and thus on the gear load carrying capacity. Therefore, the knowledge of these influences is very important regarding the design and dimensioning of gearboxes.

In this publication, further investigations on the load carrying capacity of cryogenic treated gears are presented based on previous research work. The focus is on results on the tooth root and pitting load carrying capacity. The load carrying capacity is analyzed in the context of changes in the component properties as a result of different low temperature treatments, and the dominant influencing factors are identified.
Hybrid Alloyed Sinter Hardening Steels Based on Different Prealloyed Powders
Authors: Geroldinger S. , Hojati M. , de Oro Calderon R. , Gierl-Mayer C. , Danninger H. , Hellein R.
Published: July 2024

Sinter hardening grade steels were prepared using hybrid alloying by combining Cr-Mo and Mo prealloyed powders with fine Mn-Si masteralloy powders. Compacts from both base powders showed the “internal getter” effect, which however was much more pronounced for the Cr-Mo powders because of the markedly high starting oxygen content. Combining the base powders with the masteralloy resulted in the desired sinter hardenability, the Mo prealloyed powder resulting in somewhat better properties because of more complete dissolution of the masteralloy and lower residual oxygen content.
Biometric Technology at the Borders of Citizenship: Identifying Technical Standards for Introducer-Based Remote Onboarding in Global Contexts of Statelessness, Nomadism, Displacement, and Refuge
Authors: Vecellio Segate Riccardo
Published: July 2024

All throughout the so-called “Global South”, hundreds of millions of individuals from entire communities in the rural, poorer, or most peripheral areas are not officially recorded by the States they are citizens of or they habitually reside in. This is why several of such States are resorting to extensive and purportedly “universal” digital remote onboarding programs, pioneered by India’s Aadhaar, whereby individuals are centrally recorded onto a public database with their identity (and possibly citizenship) confirmed. Whenever paper documents are obsolete, inaccurate, deteriorated, or inexistent, individuals may have their identity confirmed through an “introducer”, who mediates between marginalised communities and central authorities and is entrusted by both with this delicate task. Introducers, however, cannot by themselves grant someone the status as “citizen”: they may at best confirm his or her existence and identity. These onboarding programs are enabled by wide-covering sets of technical standards, ranging from data protection and cybersecurity to interoperability, safety, disaster recovery, and business continuity. Meanwhile, similar technologies, relying on analogous standards, and fundamentally aimed at a similar purpose (that is, registering all those who fall within the prescriptive jurisdiction of a State), are deployed by border officials in the context of migration management – especially in “developed” countries. The “unofficial” and “outside-the-scope-of-the-law” components of said migratory patterns are growing exponentially due to combined effects of climate, insecurity, and geopolitical factors, increasingly originating “borderline” situations whereby identity and citizenship are challenged and contested: statelessness, refuge, nomadism (both traditional and “digital”), and internal displacement. Strikingly enough, discussions around what technical standards to adopt, and who should select them, as well as on what the role of “introducers” could be, towards the digital onboarding of individuals experiencing “borderline” configurations of citizenship are entirely neglected in socio-legal and security scholarship alike. Complemented with concrete policy proposals, the present work accepts the ambition to start bridging this gap.
Narrative as “legal tender”: the semiotic meanings of “exchange” in Malcolm Bradbury’s Rates of Exchange
Authors: Song Yanfang
Published: July 2024

Malcolm Bradbury’s novel Rates of Exchange, taking the economic term “rates of exchange” as a central metaphor, depicts various exchanges occurring in the socio-economic landscape of Britain during the 1970s and 1980s. In the context of governmental emphasis on economic development, the novel intricately explores exchanges among diverse entities, playing with multiple meanings of the term “exchange”. In this way, the novel itself becomes a form of “legal tender,” exchanged for reader comprehension, communication, and participation. It highlights the ubiquitous presence of exchange and the risks associated with the uncertain exchange rates between different entities. Furthermore, it invites readers to participate in the story-telling and the nostalgic journey back to British literary tradition. This paper, drawing on Roland Barthes’s semiotic theory along with structuralist and poststructuralist concepts, investigates the multifaceted meanings of “exchange” in the novel. Through this analysis, the paper aims to illuminate the semiotic significance of various narrative forms and the profound thematic concerns in Bradbury’s work.
Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Xiucheng , Lv Zuo , Zhou Ping , Zhang SongOu , Jiang Chao
Published: July 2024

Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive bone tumor primarily affecting children and adolescents. Despite advancements in treatment modalities, the prognosis for osteosarcoma patients remains poor, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms. In recent years, the concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has emerged as a crucial factor in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. These specialized subpopulations of cells possess self-renewal capacity, tumorigenic potential, and contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Sox9, a transcription factor known for its critical role in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, has been implicated in various malignancies, including osteosarcoma. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of Sox9 in CSCs in osteosarcoma and its potential implications as a prognosis and therapeutic target.