bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Botanical Larvicide from Jeruk Limau (Citrus amblycarpa) and Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) for Killing Aedes aegypti Larvae
Authors: Rahmaddiansyah Refa , Nofita Eka , Rusti Sukarsi
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by the dengue virus which is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito which breeds in densely populated areas with humid and warm climates. The use of anti-mosquito drugs in the form of burns, sprays, lotions, or other forms has been widely used, but these drugs are not completely profitable. Anticipatory efforts need to be made by utilizing natural materials so that they can be used effectively and safely for both humans and the environment.
AIM: Our study tries to find the effectivity of the infusion from Jeruk Limau (Citrus amblycarpa) and Serai for botanical larvicide against Aedes aegypti larvae.
METHODS: This research is a pure experimental study with a Post-test Only Control Group Design by making larvicide products from lime and lemongrass waste infusions, the results of which are analyzed descriptively and analytically. The research used two factors, namely treatment (P) using infusion products whereas control (K) using distilled water.
RESULTS: From the results of effectiveness tests on larvae, it was found that there was a reduction in live larvae until all of them died. Lime and lemongrass waste contain flavonoid compounds which are respiratory toxins in larvae. The combination of saponin and tannin as a stomach poison has the power to kill mosquito larvae. The abundant availability of materials, enriching research treasures on local potential, as well as a good level of public acceptance are the advantages of the product.
CONCLUSION: Apart from that, it is recommended to optimize the dosage and durability of the product so that it can be further patented as a concrete step in realizing the sustainable development agenda in the health sector.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Case Report and Review
Authors: Breshkovska Hristina , Duma Silvija , Nikolovska Suzana , Dohceva-Karajovanov Ivana , Telenta-Mitrova Julija , Duma Hristijan , Peneva Margarita , Gjorgjeska Andrijana , Trajkova Vesna
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe mucocutaneous adverse drug reactions primarily caused by drugs. Characterized by fever, prodromal symptoms, and extensive epidermal sloughing with mucous membrane involvement (>90%), they are collectively termed epidermal necrolysis and are considered a disease continuum.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old man presented with widespread erythema and distinctive target-like lesions, accompanied by ruptured flaccid vesicles on the extremities. Following a 4-week carbamazepine treatment for a previous cerebrovascular insult, hematological analysis revealed abnormalities. A multidisciplinary team, including a neurologist, endocrinologist, and ophthalmologist, prescribed a 3-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin at 0.5 g/kg and an initial dose of 300 mg prednisolone for 3 days, supported by additional therapy. Discharged after 3 weeks, the rash completely resolved within 2 months.
CONCLUSION: TEN, a severe mucocutaneous condition with a 30% mortality rate, often results from drug exposure. Swift identification of the causative drug is crucial for optimal outcomes. Treatment primarily includes discontinuing the offending drug and offering supportive care for mucocutaneous lesions. A multidisciplinary approach is vital based on organ system involvement. The effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, such as intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids, is continually under evaluation.
The main forest species encountered in southern and central Benin, West Africa
Authors: Aikpon Gorgias , Koura Kourouma , Ganglo Jean C.
Published: September 2024

The south of Benin, a country in West Africa, is still home to remnants of dense forests that benefit from a particularly rainy sub-equatorial climate, with annual rainfall of up to 1,200 mm. These forest ecosystems are an integral part of the West African forest block, which stretches from Liberia to Togo. However, despite their richness and ecological importance, these forests are unfortunately subject to strong human pressures, particularly from slash-and-burn agriculture, intensive logging and the growing urbanisation of coastal areas. Preserving these forests is crucial, however, as they are home to remarkable plant and animal biodiversity, with many endemic species. What's more, these forests play an essential role in regulating the local climate, protecting soil and water resources, as well as providing local populations with a vital source of energy wood, non-timber forest products and support for their traditional agricultural practices. Faced with these conservation challenges, identifying and characterising the main tree species found in the forests of southern and central Benin, forest species and their ecology is an essential prerequisite for implementing sustainable management and restoration strategies for these threatened forest ecosystems in southern Benin. This work aims to identify and draw attention to the different forest species, specially tree forest species present in southern and central Benin.

The dataset provides information on forest species found in southern and central Benin, West Africa. This dataset is extremely useful for forestry research, as it focuses mainly on the various forest species of major importance. It can be used as a basis for characterising individuals or populations of species, based on their abundance in relation to anthropogenic pressure and changes in environmental conditions.

These species are characteristic of forests and, above all, are of particular interest both to populations and to managers of protected areas. Field collections were initiated in 2007 as part of natural forest inventory work. The data collected have been completed by various field works that followed this work on forest species in southern Benin. The latest version of the dataset is publicly and freely accessible on the GBIF website at the address https://www.gbif.org/dataset/aff3a10a-a86b-4eff-98e4-d63f92fd6f7e.

It should be noted that the fact that the collection and monitoring were carried out in southern Benin, a region known for its great diversity of species, over a period of 10 years making these data particularly relevant information to study the effects of climate change and human pressure on ecosystems in this area.
Assessing ongoing risks and managing detections of non-native invertebrates in the Antarctic Region
Authors: Onley Isabelle R. , Houghton Melissa J. , Leggett Kirsten , Cassey Phill , Carter Zachary T. , Shaw Justine
Published: September 2024

The continent of Antarctica has remained relatively free of the impacts of invasive species to date. However, Antarctica is under increasing anthropogenic pressure from human activity and climate change, elevating the risk of alien species introductions. Scientific research and the maintenance of research stations by Antarctic Treaty Parties requires the transfer of large amounts of equipment and cargo, which can harbour biosecurity risk material. Here, we assess two decades of data collected by the Australian Antarctic Division on the detection of biosecurity risk material in its facilities and vessels, both during transport and in Antarctica. We use these data to identify emerging risk species or pathways, to compare the variability in detections over time and to construct a consequence table to facilitate effective responses and resource allocation to future detections, translating our research findings into guidance for decision-makers. We find that, despite the development of policy instruments, monitoring and management for the prevention of alien species introductions to Antarctica, the risk of introductions is ongoing. We highlight areas of concern, including the transport of live spiders and the continuing potential for cargo to harbour biosecurity risk material and the benefit of ongoing training and investment and support for staff and expeditioners in the reporting of non-native species detections. Finally, we provide tools and recommendations for decision-makers and on-ground managers in the Antarctic biosecurity space, based on our research. Future studies on the establishment risk of commonly transported species would assist in improving these tools.
Planothidium pseudolinkei sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new marine monoraphid diatom species from the coast of Guangxi, China
Authors: Li Lang , Huang Yu-Yang , Nong Qun-Zhuan , Lai Jun-Xiang , Li Yu-Hang
Published: September 2024

A new marine monoraphid diatom species, Planothidium pseudolinkeisp. nov., is described from the coast of Guangxi, China. The detailed morphology of this epipsammic diatom is studied by using both light and scanning electron microscopy. P. pseudolinkei differs from congeners by a combination of morphological features including capitate apices, multiseriate striae, a small central area on the raphe valve and an oblong sinus on the rapheless valve. Ecological preferences of Planothidium are also briefly discussed.
Addressing Nursing Students' Anxiety During Simulation Sessions: A Pilot Intervention Study
Authors: Wang Yurou , Sartain Andrea F.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Although simulation-based education plays a vital role in nursing education, it consistently induces high levels of anxiety among nursing students. This study aimed to implement a mindfulness intervention to alleviate anxiety in nursing students during simulation sessions.

Method:

This randomized controlled trial study included 54 nursing students. Both survey and emotion track system data were collected and analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Results:

The intervention effectively reduced anxiety among students in the experimental group compared with students in the control group during simulation sessions. The frequency (F[1, 53] = 6.145,
p
= .016), intensity (F[1, 51] = 3.771,
p
= .050), and duration of anxiety felt by students (F[1, 50] = 4.223,
p
= .017) decreased after the intervention. However, no long-term effects of the intervention were identified.

Conclusion:

The implementation of a mindfulness intervention successfully alleviated anxiety among nursing students during simulation.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(9):577–583.]
Inclusion of Genetics and Genomics in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs in the United States
Authors: Joffe Isabelle , Karagianes Paulina , Slezinger Francis , Tenenbaum Milly , Jacob Ani , Hobbie Lawrence J.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Because of the importance of genetics and genomics for health care, efforts to promote inclusion of genetics and genomics in undergraduate nursing programs has increased in the past 20 years. However, the success of these efforts has not been measured recently.

Method:

Information from Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education accredited 4-year baccalaureate nursing programs in the United States was searched, and program administrators were surveyed regarding inclusion of genetics and genomics in program requirements.

Results:

More than half (57%) of 711 programs analyzed included genetics and genomics in their curriculum, with <6% of programs requiring a standalone course. Although 43% of programs did not mention genetics and genomics in their curriculum, some programs that did not specifically identify genetics and genomics in course descriptions may incorporate these topics.

Conclusion:

Despite the growing importance of genetics and genomics in health care, many prelicensure baccalaureate nursing programs include little instruction on these topics.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(9):613–618.]
Partnering With Clinicians Supporting Nursing Students' Clinical Placement at a Regional Hospital
Authors: Craswell Alison , Cockroft Gemma , el Haddad May
Published: September 2024

Background:

Innovative models are required to maximize nursing student placements in environments of shrinking budgets, increasing hospital demands, and casualization and aging of the workforce. This article reports the success of a service-academic partnership in a dedicated education unit.

Method:

This cross-sectional observational study in a regional hospital analyzed survey data using validated tools completed by buddy nurses (
n
= 80) and postplacement evaluation completed by students (
n
= 102) and the nurse leadership team (
n
= 17).

Results:

Postimplementation, nursing student placement days increased, and participants were positive about the partnership. Although most of the nursing students (
n
= 96) reported they were very or extremely satisfied with their placement, they rated student facilitators higher than their buddy nurses.

Conclusion:

Increasing enrollments will not solve the nursing workforce shortage unless student placements of quality and quantity are provided. Partnership in support of clinical staff remains critical to create time to provide quality supervision.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(9):619–625.]
Early predictors of severe dengue: Clinico-investigative approach
Authors: Natu Sanjay , Kamdar Shrunal , Mhatre Sameer , Deshpande Tushar , Rane Mugdha , Patil Antara
Published: September 2024

Background: Dengue poses a common conundrum to the emergency care pediatrician regarding the requirement of admission anticipating complications in the critical phase or following the patient on an outpatient basis  Objectives: To study the clinical and investigative profile of dengue infection and utility of clinical and investigative parameters as predictive markers for early identification of severe dengue.  Method: All hospitalized children satisfying inclusion criteria were studied. Detailed history, examination and relevant investigations were done.  Results: Fifty-two patients were studied. Combination of symptoms of nausea/vomiting and a clinical sign, right hypochondriac tenderness had significant correlation with the severity of dengue infection [odds ratio 13.18 (CI 2.48, 69.98), ROC 0.779]. Nausea /vomiting, right hypochondriac pain and deranged liver function tests (LFTs) together had significant correlation with severe dengue infection [Odds ratio 14.14(CI 3.03, 65.99), ROC 0.778]. This combination, occurring at initial presentation, had a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 82.5%, positive predictive value of 56.3%, and negative predictive value of 91.7 %. Conclusions: Combination of nausea/vomiting with right hypochondriac pain/tenderness together with the addition of deranged LFTs could serve as predictive markers for severe dengue.
A  case of diphallia with anorectal malformation
Authors: Weerakkody D. Sachini Kaushalya , Prabhawitha Charith , Wijerathna Aswin Isira , Gunawardana Tikiri
Published: September 2024

No abstract available
Assessment of school bag weight and musculoskeletal pain in school children of Mangalore city in Southern India
Authors: Nazareth Samantha Valeni , Shanbhag Sweta , Jaidev M. D. , Vidya B. U. , Tharakan Riya Mary
Published: September 2024

Introduction: With reforms in school education being introduced, positive changes in the system will hopefully enable children to face future challenges. It is recommended that the ideal school bag weight should be less than 10% of the child’s body weight. It is possible that due to changes in syllabi and overloaded curriculum, children now carry heavy school bags. This could potentially increase the risk of developing musculoskeletal discomfort.Objectives: To determine the number of children with overloaded bags (>10% of body weight) and their effect in terms of pain and to determine the association of the effect of school bag weight with body weight, body mass index (BMI) and gender of the children. Method: Children in classes 1-10 from schools of Mangalore city in Southern India were included. Individual school bags were weighed and duration of carrying the bag noted. Weight and height of the children were measured and BMI calculated. Presence or absence of musculoskeletal pain as perceived by the child was noted and data were analysed using SPSS 21 software. Results: Out of the 1152 children included in our study, 952 (82.6%) carried overloaded school bags. It was observed that primary classes (1st to 5th standard) and upper primary (6th to 8th standard) students carried more overloaded school bags as compared to secondary classes (9th and 10th standard), which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Among those with BMI <18 kg/m2, 96.2% carried overloaded bags. Of all study participants, 219 (19%) carried them for more than 10 minutes and among these, 187 (85.4%) had overloaded school bags and this was statistically significant (p=0.006). Overloaded school bags carried by females was higher when compared to males and this was statistically significant (p=0.04). Pain  was perceived by 206 (17.9%) students and shoulder was the most common site of pain (51%), which was not statistically significant (p=0.142).Conclusions: Most students (82.6%) carried overloaded school bags across classes 1-10, more so children belonging to primary classes.
Correlation between serum vitamin D status and childhood asthma: An analytical study from Eastern India
Authors: Ghosh Arindam , Dutta Arpan , Banerjee Joyashree , Dey Pranab Kumar , Anniger Saba , Hemram Sunil Kumar , Saha Ripan
Published: September 2024

Background: Epidemiological studies determining the influence of vitamin D status on childhood asthma remain inconclusive and data are scarce from eastern India.Objectives: To evaluate the serum vitamin D status in children with asthma and investigate its association with disease controlMethod: This cross-sectional analytical study included 90 asthmatics and 90 healthy children, aged 5-12 years over one year. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured via a chemiluminescence method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors for childhood asthma and its level of control. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to identify the correlation between serum vitamin D concentration and spirometry parameters.Results: The proportion of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among asthmatics and healthy children was 32.2% vs 14.4% and 41.1% vs 31.1%, respectively (p<0.001). Mean serum vitamin D level was significantly low in children with uncontrolled asthma (12.59±3.56 ng/mL) compared to those with partially (25.05±5.32 ng/mL) or well-controlled (25.54±5.49 ng/mL) diseases. In multivariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency (AOR: 4.37, 95% CI: 2.31–5.63) and family history of asthma (AOR:2.35, 95% CI:1.33–3.99) were found to be statistically significant predictors of childhood asthma. The FEV1 and PEFR were positively correlated with serum vitamin D levels.Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency in Eastern Indian children with asthma. Vitamin D deficiency was also associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma as well as its level of control.
Enhancing Operational Efficiency in Hospital Maintenance Units: Lessons learned from the National Hospital of Sri Lanka
Authors: Malalasekara L. I.
Published: September 2024

Effective management of hospital maintenance units is crucial for the upkeep and repair of medical and general equipment, ensuring uninterrupted, high-quality healthcare services. The National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL), established in the 1970s, relies on a vast array of equipment, making the efficiency of its maintenance unit vital. This study examines strategies to enhance operational efficiency in hospital maintenance units, drawing lessons from NHSL. Objectives included evaluating the efficiency of NHSL’s current maintenance processes, identifying areas for improvement, and developing recommendations for enhancing the unit. A qualitative approach was employed, involving observation visits and semi-structured key informant interviews with administrative and technical officers, ward in-charges, storekeeper, maintenance workers, and public works department workers. Data were coded and analyzed using NVivo software to identify common themes and challenges. Findings revealed several critical issues: persistent delays in repairs and frequent equipment breakdowns, a lack of skilled staff, gaps in technical and supervisory skills, delays in recruitment, poor communication, and lack of recognition for maintenance staff contributions, inadequate technical training opportunities, limited repair and storage space, insufficient sanitary facilities, and delays in spare parts supply. The study underscores the need for strategic improvements in NHSL’s maintenance unit. Key recommendations include conducting training programs, establishing a central maintenance unit, providing new machinery and tools, regular vocational training, improving communication channels, and enhancing sanitary facilities. Addressing these challenges can significantly improve the maintenance unit’s operational efficiency and the overall quality of healthcare services at NHSL.
Mitigating Investor Overconfidence: Insights from Behavioral Finance with Reference to the Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors: Shantha K. V. Aruna
Published: September 2024

The behavioral finance literature shows that investors are inclined to behavioral biases in their investment decisions. As one of such behavioral biases, overconfidence bias has been a widely studied phenomenon in the literature, revealing its adverse consequences on investment decision making and efficient functioning of financial markets. However, the literature still does not sufficiently explain on how investors can mitigate it when making their investment decisions. Hence, based on the evolutionary perspective predicted by the Adaptive Market Hypothesis Theory, this study attempts to explore on what cognitive, affective, social and behavioral mechanisms mitigate individual investors’ overconfidence judgments in their stock investment decisions. A sample of individual investors of the Colombo Stock Exchange was surveyed through a self-administrated questionnaire to collect data, the analysis of which was conducted using the PLS-SEM. The results suggest that the investors learn about their overconfidence bias through the self-reflection on their past investment experiences. However, the extent of the self-reflection tends be low since it is not strengthened through investors’ desire for learning and their relationships with investment advisors and other investors, which could be attributed to the market uncertainties existed during period of the study. The findings of the study contribute to theory and practice in the context of individual investors’ decision-making.
Customer Shopping Value on Brand Loyalty: Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction: A Study on E-Commerce Industry in Western Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Madushika R. A. L. , Dissanayake D. M. R. , Udovita Viduni
Published: September 2024

This study explores the impact of customer shopping value on brand loyalty within Sri Lanka's burgeoning e-commerce sector, emphasizing the roles of utilitarian and hedonic values. Utilizing a positivist philosophy and deductive approach, authors have collected and analyzed data from 384 respondents in the Western Province. The findings confirm that both utilitarian and hedonic values significantly influence brand loyalty, with customer satisfaction mediating this relationship. The study highlights the need for e-commerce managers to prioritize both functional and experiential aspects of shopping to foster loyalty. Future research should expand this investigation across various industries, demographic groups, and technological contexts, considering additional mediating and moderating factors such as trust, security, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility. These insights will help develop targeted strategies to enhance customer satisfaction and brand loyalty in diverse settings.
Health information use and the associated factors among public health facilities of the Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Getahun Melaku , Negeri Keneni Gutema
Published: September 2024

A strong Health Information System (HIS) is a foundation for evidence-based decision making in health care management. However, there is a dearth of literature with respect to health information use practice, particularly in public health facilities of Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional, facility-based quantitative study was conducted from February 1 to February 29, 2018. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire and checklists from a sample of 48 health facilities and 213 health workers, and analyzed using binary logistic regression. To complement the quantitative findings, qualitative data was collected using key informant interviews. The level of information use based on standard observation checklists was 58%. Health information system’s specific supportive supervision (Adjusted Odd Ratio, AOR, 3.070; 95% Confidence Interval, CI, 1.206, 7.816), staff’s perception of data use practice (AOR=3.732, 95%CI 1.383, 10.068), and staff’s experience of root cause analysis (AOR=3.782, 95%CI 1.456, 9.819) were significant factors associated with the information use. Health information use among public health facilities was low. Strengthening supportive supervision, awareness creation on the use of available data, and improving the skill of root cause analysis of the problem is recommended.
Evidence-based healthcare practice adoption: The impact of electronic health records
Authors: Motsi Lovemore , Chimbo Bester
Published: September 2024

Background: For healthcare institutions, proper documentation of the upkeep of patient medical records is imperative. In addition, without a record of the patient’s medical history, the doctors are unable to demonstrate that the treatment was delivered correctly.Aim: The primary objective of this research was to determine the influence of electronic health records (EHR) towards the adoption of evidence-based healthcare practice (EBHP) in South African public healthcare.Methods: The study used a quantitative methodology, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 300 healthcare professionals. In all, 450 questionnaires were distributed, and of those, 150 were unfit for data analysis because of insufficient data, leaving a total of 300 responses. Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify latent constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the validity and reliability of these constructs. The appropriateness of the measurement model was then assessed using fit indices for a structural equation model.Results: The findings show EHR had a direct influence on information quality, medical error reduction, diagnosis and treatment of diseases as well as better coordination of patient’s care. In addition, the results show that EHR-based clinical decision support is crucial for practising evidence-based healthcare and plays a significant role in the quality of healthcare, particularly in the management of diseases and preventative care. As all requirements for validity and reliability (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.085, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.956 and χ2/df = 2.513) have been satisfied, the model is considered valid and reliable.Conclusion: When healthcare professions such as doctors and nurses accurately record patients’ medical histories, they are able to make successful medical decisions and prescribe medications based on the patients’ past and present medical histories. Electronic health records systems facilitate the easier and more efficient exchange of patient data between medical schools, research labs, specialists, pharmacies and other healthcare institutions. Furthermore, they provide medical professionals with resources and up-to-date information to help them deliver EBHP that can benefit patients by reducing or even eliminating medical errors.Contribution: The study contributes theoretically to the field of information systems by outlining a model that includes the variables that affect the adoption of EBHPs in public hospitals.
Utilizing Advanced Molecular Analysis to Tailor Treatment for Cancer of Unknown Primary Site: A Case Report and Lecture Review
Authors: Hsieh Tzu-Yu , Liang Peir-In , Wu Chun-Chieh , Cho Shih-Feng
Published: September 2024

Cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) presents as metastatic lesions without an identified primary tumor despite extensive evaluation. Because the primary cancer type cannot be determined, there are no standard treatments, leading to challenges in the treatment and suboptimal clinical outcomes. Herein, we report a 59-year-old woman who presented with an enlarged right inguinal lymph node, and the biopsy revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Despite a series of treatments including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the disease progressed. After further treatment with combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy, a treatment response was observed. Genomic profiling was done, which identified KRAS G13D and PIK3CA H1047R mutations. She received treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, and after 2 months, the right inguinal mass continued to regress. This case highlights that CUP remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, representing an urgent and unmet clinical need. However, in the era of precision medicine, the combination of advanced molecular profiling and sophisticated bioinformatic analysis may have the potential to identify druggable targets for tailored and personalized treatment approaches.
Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Surgery: A Brief Review
Authors: Tripathy Pradipta
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is generally defined as the ability of a machine to analyse data and use it to learn and model human behaviour. In recent times, the role and application of AI in healthcare has become a prominent topic of discussion. We review available facts and knowledge on AI, the comparison with robotic systems, the existing modalities, and the relevance and prospective applications in neurosurgery.
Bilateral Cerebral Infarct in Unilateral Anterior Cerebral Artery Stenosis: Two Case Reports
Authors: Parhi Satyajit , Porey Camelia , Jaiswal Binaya Kumar
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Bilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke is a rare entity and is usually caused by inherent vasculature anomaly with superadded traditional risk factors of stroke. The spectrum of the presentation of bilateral ACA stroke is wide, including lower limb motor weakness, urinary incontinence, transcortical aphasia, extrapyramidal symptoms and an array of frontal cognitive impairments. In this report, we describe two cases of bilateral ACA infarct due to unilateral ACA stenosis with atherosclerotic disease and contralateral ACA hypoplasia. Both patients presented with bilateral lower limb weakness and urinary symptoms with hypobulia, confusional state and primitive reflexes and gradually improved after 3 months on follow-up.
Sexual Abuse and Mental Disorders: The Dark Side of Violence
Authors: Aquila Isabella , Sacco Matteo Antonio , Ricci Pietrantonio
Published: September 2024

Rape and sexual violence occur in all social classes and societies. In most cases, the sexual offenders are known to the victim and the majority of rapes happen in intimate relationships. Children are particularly vulnerable to sexual abuse, in particular, the female sex. The sexual abuse of minors is defined as “any
sexual
activities
that
an
adult
carries
on
or
with
a
person
under
the
age
of
consent.” Literature evidence that the prevalence of any type of violence among women with disabilities varies between 26.0% and 90.0%, compared to nondisabled women, showing that people with disabilities have an increased risk of suffering physical and sexual violence. Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) show a high risk of sexual victimization. The World Health Organization presently defines mental retardation as “a
significantly
reduced
ability
to
understand
new
or
complex
information
and
to
learn
and
apply
new
skills (impaired
intelligence). This
results
in
a
reduced
ability
to
cope
independently
(impaired
social
functioning), and
begins
before
adulthood, with
a
lasting
effect
on
development.” The aim of this study is to investigate the correct identification of sexual abuse and severe mental retardation through the collaboration of a team of experts (forensic pathologist, psychiatrist, psychologist, gynecologist, pediatrician, and social worker). We present a case of a 12-year-old female child, who suffers from severe mental retardation and was the victim of rape by a 79-year-old man. The study shows the difficulties in discovering episodes of sexual abuse among children affected by ID by evidencing the importance of adequate analysis through a multidisciplinary approach. The work focuses on the need to improve knowledge about medical and forensic investigations through proper protocols, for early recognition and appropriate management of these complicated cases.
Body Fluid Identification by Messenger RNA Profiling in Sexual Assault
Authors: Wang Chong , Zhao Hemiao , Meng Qingzhen , Sun Hui , Xu Xiulan , Li Wanshui
Published: September 2024

Body fluid identification through messenger RNA (mRNA) has been proposed as a useful supplement to presumptive and confirmatory tests by previous laboratory studies; however, its application in routine clinical forensic examination was rare. We report a case of sexual assault in which body fluid identification by mRNA profiling was used. Vaginal secretions mRNA markers (MUC4, HBD1, and CYP2B7P1) were used to test the sample, being obtained positive results. This case demonstrates that mRNA profiling of body fluids could be applied to routine case examinations as an aid, acting as a scientific collaborative evidence to strengthen the medicolegal opinion.
Genetic Polymorphism Investigation of 19 X-STR Loci in the Han Population in Northern China
Authors: Hao Shicheng , Liu Yan , Xu Yan , Zhao Dong , Liu Gexin , Zhang Jinpei , Yuan Li
Published: September 2024

To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 19 X-STR loci in the Han population in Northern China, samples from 628 unrelated individuals (314 males and 314 females) were collected and 19 X-STR loci were amplified by AGCU X19 STR System. A total of 270 different alleles were detected in 19 X-STR loci. All loci were in Hardy − Weinberg equilibrium and there was only one pair of linkage loci (DXS10103-DXS10101). There was no significant difference in allele frequency between male and female populations. The combined power of discrimination in males was 1–1.8667 × 10−13, while the combined power of discrimination in females was 1–3.6532 × 10−22. The combined mean paternity exclusion chance (CMEC) for X-chromosomal markers in father/daughter or mother/son duos Mean paternity exclusion chance (MECDesmarais Duo) was 1–5.1109 × 10−9. Moreover, the CMEC for X-chromosomal markers in trios involving daughters (MECDesmarais) was 1–2.0292 × 10−12. The compound amplification system composed of 19 X-STR in this study showed high polymorphism in the Han population of Northern China, which had a high application value in difficult genetic relationship identification.
Visualization of Methamphetamine-Contaminated Fingermarks on Glass Surfaces by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope for Forensic Investigation
Authors: Amir Sarifudin Sarah Aliah , Chang Kah Haw , Khoo Bee Ee , Abdullah Ahmad Fahmi Lim
Published: September 2024

Background:

Fingermark is an individual’s primary identification source. It is helpful in determining individuals involved in illegal activities and is frequently encountered in clandestine laboratories. During forensic investigation, the critical question to be answered is whether a fingermark was left on a surface before or after the initiation of an unlawful activity.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the visualization of methamphetamine-contaminated fingermarks on glass surfaces and estimate the immediacy of their depositions.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, the prior-deposition contaminated fingermarks, i.e., fingermarks deposited a surface priorly contaminated by methamphetamine, and the postdeposition contaminated fingermarks, i.e., fingermarks deposited on a clean surface but subsequently contaminated with methamphetamine were visualized and compared using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM).

Results:

Under FESEM, the latent fingermarks and the crystalline structure of methamphetamine were clearly visualized. The postdeposition contaminated fingermarks appeared in smudge conditions in all the three replicate samples, where the ridge and nonridge areas could not be well-distinguished. On the contrary, the prior-deposition contaminated fingermark demonstrated distinct separations between ridges and nonridges. However, the application of fingerprint powders reduced the possibility to determine the immediacy of deposition.

Conclusion:

To conclude, both prior-deposition contaminated fingermarks and postdeposition contaminated fingermarks can be discriminated, providing information on the instance when a fingermark was left on a surface.
Evaluation of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Institutionalized Orphan Children
Authors: Girish Babu KL , Kavyashree Gururaj Hebbar
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Children residing in orphanages are a disadvantaged section of the population. Inadequate care can impair the quality of life of orphan children.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related quality of life and dental caries status among institutionalized orphan children.

Materials and Methods:

Children without parents, aged 6–14 years, were selected from government-run orphanages. Children who were willing to participate were included. Data on oral health-related quality of life were collected by personal interviews by a single investigator. Following, intraoral examination of each child was carried out in an adequate natural light using a sterilized mouth mirror and probe. Dental caries was assessed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

The Decayed, Missed and Filled teeth (DMFT) score of males was 0.41 ± 0.86 and females was 0.97 ± 1.44, and the difference was statistically significant. The mean of oral symptoms, functional limitation, emotional well-being, and social well-being was 26.49 ± 4.48, 37.75 ± 3.63, 33.31 ± 4.18, and 47.92 ± 3.37, respectively.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of dental caries was low among these orphan children. The quality of life of these children was not affected by their dental caries status.
The Modern Development of New Promising Fields in Forensic Examinations
Authors: Borysenko Igor V. , Bululukov Oleg Yu. , Pcholkin Valeriy D. , Baranchuk Vasyl V. , Prykhodko Vladlena O.
Published: September 2024

The relevance of the study is forensic expert activity in terms of forensic examinations have been so transformed that existing theoretical provisions do not already solve traditional problems in some fields; their solvation requires new approaches of both theoretical and practical nature. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyze the content of new innovative directions in forensic examinations, including criminalistic ones, and the possibility of their effective application in forensic expert activity. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, which allowed the authors to consider the theoretical and scientific, and practical foundations of modern trends in forensic examinations, including criminalistic ones. It also helped to identify promising fields of examinations necessary for crime prevention. Therefore, authors singled out the following advanced fields: biometric and computer forensic analyses, polygraph, and odor and trace evidence analyses. The materials of the article are of practical value for forensic experts and criminologists, law enforcement agencies.
Blast Injury from Locally Manufactured “Hakka Patas”
Authors: Wickramasinghe Chathula Ushari , Vadysinghe Amal Nishantha
Published: September 2024

Explosives are potentially harmful devices that can create an explosion by a rapid release of a pressurized gas consequent to a chemical reaction within the device. They can inflict a variety of injuries, due to the blast wave, fire, and shrapnel. The pattern and severity of injuries will be determined by various factors, including explosive potential and constituents such as shrapnel. Homemade explosive devices (HEDs) pose a further threat due to their volatile, unpredictable nature which can lead to accidental explosions. We present the case of a 28-year-old farmer who presented with extensive blast injury to the left hand from a “Hakka patas,” a HED endemic to Sri Lanka. The injuries to his hand consisted of extensive soft tissue and muscle loss, and fractures of metacarpal bones with amputation of the first distal phalanx. Low-grade explosives such as “Hakka patas” have the potential to cause injury greater than expected due to their volatile, unpredictable nature, causing accidental explosions. This can injure unintended targets, resulting in grave consequences. The specific pattern described in low-grade explosive injuries will be important to differentiate other explosive-related injuries for medicolegal purposes.
Sex Identification Using Fingerprint White Line Counts in a Sample of Adult Egyptians and Malaysians
Authors: Seif Eman Adel , Elsehly Wafaa Mohamed , Henaidy Maii Farag , Mabrouk Soffar Magda Hassan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Fingerprints are unique, persistent, and left on every object touched by bare hands. It can be used as a rapid and inexpensive method for identification. This study focuses on fingerprint white line counts (FWLCs) and its importance in sex estimation.

Aim and Objectives:

This study aimed to clarify the potential of FWLC in sex estimation among Egyptian and Malaysian ethnic groups.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on two hundred adult participants, one hundred Egyptians and one hundred Malaysians (50 females and 50 males). Inked fingerprints of ten fingers were obtained from each participant then FWLC was extracted manually for each fingerprint.

Results:

The mean of females FWLC was significantly higher than males in all fingers in both populations. FWLC of the left index was the most significant predictor of sex in Egyptians, with an accuracy of 82% for males and 78% for females. FWLC more than seven in this digit was an absolute indication of being a female. The most significant predictors of sex in the Malaysian population were the left index and right ring with an accuracy of 80% for males and 71.4% for females and FWLC above six and seven in these fingers, respectively, was an absolute indication of being a female. The absence of FWLC was more common in males than females in all digits.

Conclusions:

FWLC is a reliable predictor of sex among adult Egyptian and Malaysian ethnic groups, and females tend to have more FWLC.
Research Progress on the Integrated Detection Technology for Forensic Deoxyribonucleic Acid Genetic Markers and Ribonucleic Acid Molecular Markers
Authors: Miao Lei , Yuan Jia-Hui , Kang Ke-Lai , Zhao Jie , Zhang Chi , Wang Le
Published: September 2024

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genetic markers and ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecular markers have been widely used in forensic practices including individual identification, parentage testing, body fluid identification, determination of the age of stains, and molecular pathological diagnosis. Variant information of biological evidence and their interrelation could be revealed by the integrated detection of DNA/RNA markers. The integrated detection workflow aims to simplify working procedures, reduce time consuming and save valuable samples collected from crime scenes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) may be an effective method for integrated DNA/RNA detection. In this review, DNA/RNA co-extraction strategies, simultaneous detection methods based on capillary electrophoresis were summarized. Research on NGS-based integrated detection methods of DNA and RNA markers was reviewed to provide a reference for forensic medicine researches and applications.
Euthanasia: National and International Experience (Based on the European Court of Human Rights Practice Materials)
Authors: Orlova Olena O. , Alforova Tetiana M. , Lezhnieva Tetiana M. , Chernopiatov Stanislav V. , Kyrychenko Oleh V.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The relevance of the study is that today, there is no unanimous position on the right to euthanasia implementation. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), in making its decision, relies on the national legislation of the respective state, as there is no single decision on the right to euthanasia in the European space. Therefore, the aim of the article is to comprehensively study the phenomenon of euthanasia, elaborate the decisions of the ECtHR on euthanasia and related rights, and develop recommendations on the possibility of legalizing euthanasia in Ukraine and prospects for the right to die implementation.

Methodology:

The leading method of research of this issue is comparative and law, which allows to comprehensively consider the right to euthanasia and its positive and negative components and helps to establish trends in the implementation of the outlined phenomenon.

Findings:

The article analyzes the current state of international and domestic legislation of some states on the use of euthanasia, reveals the meaning of the term “euthanasia,” provides a classification of euthanasia, analyzes the decisions of the ECtHR, and presents examples of national legislation of states within which euthanasia is legalized, the peculiarities of euthanasia recognition in the world are analyzed, as well as the research on the possibility of euthanasia legalization in Ukraine is presented.

Value:

The materials of the article have practical value for all those interested in euthanasia and the realization of the right to die, as well as for practicing lawyers and judicial authorities.
The Impact of Dental Caries on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life in Children in Kanpur City, North India
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Malhotra Shitanshu , Narayan Manu
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Childhood dental caries can have a negative impact on the oral health of both children and their caregivers. The purpose of this research was to assess the severity of dental caries and other covariates such as age and gender and affected the oral health-related quality of life of preschool children and their parents.

Materials and Methods:

1110 preschool children aged 4–6 years attending both public and private schools of Kanpur city were studied. dmft index was used for quantifying dental caries. Oral Health-related Quality of LifeScale (OHRQoL) questionnaire of Michigan OHRQoL–Child Version and parent version was used to assess OHRQoL. Chi-square test was run for analyzing the relationship of OHRQoL with dental caries, age and gender. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

Children with higher caries experience reported with compromised OHRQoL in each domains of “Pain/discomfort,” “Temperomandibular joint disorders,” “Consequences of poor oral health” and “Psychological/Esthetic domain.” OHRQoL exhibiting no difference between males and females in each domains of “Pain/discomfort,” “Temperomandibular joint disorders,” “Consequences of poor oral health” and “Psychological/Esthetic domain.” The younger age Group i.e., 4 year old reported with worse OHRQoL as compared to 5-year-old and 6 year old in each domains of “Pain/discomfort,” “Temperomandibular joint disorders,” “Consequences of poor oral health” and “Psychological/Esthetic domain.” Parent's perception of OHRQoL was high when compared to their children's OHRQoL.

Conclusion:

In the sample of preschool children evaluated, the overall influence of dental caries prevalence on OHRQoL was rather significant. Longitudinal analyses should be used in future studies to measure risk markers.