bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abdominal Tuberculosis Simulating Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Alegbeleye Justina Omoikhefe , Amadi Christian Emeka
Published: November 2023

Background: The rate of preoperative misdiagnosis between abdominal tuberculosis and ovarian cancer is high because the symptoms are non-speciﬁc, clinical findings can be misleading, and biomarkers commonly linked with other diseases also make appropriate diagnosis difﬁcult.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and diagnostic features in women with abdominal tuberculosis that simulated advanced ovarian malignancy.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 11 cases of abdominal tuberculosis managed at the Gynaecological Oncology unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital with suspected advanced ovarian cancer between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021. Clinical characteristics, laboratory results, including serum tumour markers, radiological findings, and ascitic fluid evaluation were extracted from theatre records and case notes and entered into a proforma. SPSS 25 was used for data analysis, and the results are displayed as frequency tables.

Results: More than half 6 (55%) of the cases of abdominal TB were found in patients aged 20 to 40 years, with many patients 8 (72.7%) being nulliparous. Abdominal distension, Abdominal pain, and weight loss were the most common presenting symptoms. All patients had clinical evidence of ascites, along with thickening or ill-deﬁned nodularities in the pouch of Douglas and/or in the adnexal areas on pelvic examination. Serum CA-125 levels were elevated in all 11 patients (100%), with a mean value of 327.8 U/mL. Pleural effusion and increased inﬁltration were seen in 5 (45.5%) patients. Ultrasound scan and computed tomography studies showed ascites in all 11 (100%) patients. Debritic ascites with peritoneal thickening, mesenteric and omental stranding were observed in all 11 patients (100%), and all 11 (100%) patients had laparotomy. All patients received standard antitubercular therapy.

Conclusion:  In relatively young females with nonspecific symptoms, a diagnosis of abdominal TB should be considered. Ultrasound-guided biopsy, laparoscopy, or a mini-laparotomy may be the most direct and least-invasive approach for a diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary extended surgeries in these patients.
Factors Influencing Cyberloafing Behaviour in Students
Authors: Marumpe Dody Pratama , Rosnani Titik , Heriyadi  , Fahruna Yulyanti , Jaya Arman
Published: November 2023

Aims: This study aims to test and analyze influence of conscientiousness and self-control to cyberloafing in college students.

Study Design: This study used quantitative method. Data collection techniques were done using spread questionnaire in likert scale. Testing was done by using Warp PLS version 6.0 with Structural Equation Model (SEM).

Place and Duration of Study: The study was taken place at Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan. This study conducted between July until October 2023.

Methodology: This study involved 100 respondents. The sampling technique in this research is Purposive Sampling. This method used criteria chosen by the researcher in selecting the sample. The samples taken in this research were students from Faculty of Economic and Bussiness, Tanjungpura University. The criteria set by researchers are: students who spend at least 4 hours on campus.

Results: Based on the results of the first hypothesis test, it proved that conscientiousness has a significant influence on students' cyberloafing behaviour. This was indicated by the p-value = <0.01, which means it was smaller than 0.05. In this case, it shown that the lower conscientiousness will have an impact on increasing student cyberloafing. In this case, it means that conscientiousness has a significant effect on the cyberloafing behaviour.

Meanwhile, Based on the results of the second hypothesis test, it proved that self-control has a very significant effect on students' cyberloafing behaviour. This was proven by the p-value = <0.01 which was smaller than 0.05. This shows that the lower self-control will have an impact on increasing student cyberloafing. In this case, it means that self-control has a significant effect on the cyberloafing behaviour.

Conclusion: Based on the results of data analysis carried out by researchers, it can be concluded as follows: 1) conscientiousness has a significant effect on the cyberloafing behaviour of students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. 2) self-control has a significant effect on the cyberloafing behaviour of students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak.
Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on jackfruit with marketing simulation at 8°C
Authors: Morelos-Flores David Antonio , Chacón-López Martina Alejandra , Montalvo-González Efigenia , García-Magaña María de Lourdes , Nolasco-González Yolanda , Hernández-Fuentes Luis Martín , González-Hernández Héctor
Published: November 2023

Jackfruit is a tropical fruit and competes with traditional crops such as mango, banana, and pineapple with regard to the quantity exported from the state of Nayarit, Mexico. Because jackfruit is a climacteric fruit with a high respiration rate and ethylene production, it has a limited market due to its short shelf life. The effect of the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) post-harvest to extend the shelf life of jackfruit was studied. Physiologically mature fruits were used and 1-MCP was applied at concentrations of 300, 600, and 1000 nL·L−1; control fruit without treatment was also evaluated. The fruits were stored for 5 days at 8°C and then were stored at 25°C to simulate the commercialization of the fruit. An absolute control group stored permanently at 25°C was used. The following analyses were carried out: physiologic and physicochemical factors, antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, total carotenoids, total soluble phenols, and sensory evaluation of the fruits when ripe. The climacteric peak for the absolute controls and fruit treated with 1-MCP (300, 600, and 1000 nL·L−1) occurred on days 3, 14, 17, and 17 respectively, prolonging the climacteric peak by an average of 13 days. The maximum rates of ethylene production were reported on days 3, 15, 17, and 17 in the same order, prolonging this by an average of 13 days. The treatment with 1-MCP (600 nL·L−1) extended the shelf life of jackfruit by 9 days compared with the absolute control, preserving the physicochemical, phytochemical, and sensory characteristics for up to 17 days of storage, confirming that the application of 1-MCP post-harvest is effective, providing the opportunity to increase the export destinations of Mexican jackfruit.

Keywords: Jackfruit; 1-Methylcyclopropene; Marketing conditions; Physiologic and physicochemical parameters; Total soluble phenols; Antioxidant capacity
Establishment of a Dynamic Factor Prediction Module for Risk Assessment in Coastal Activity Sites
Authors: Yoo Young Jae , Jeon Dong Soo , Park Won Kyung
Published: November 2023

Recent persistent coastal developments have expanded recreational areas and enhanced accessibility. However, this growth has also led to a rise in safety incidents. These accident factors can be divided into human-made and natural types. The latter is comprised of dynamic factors like waves, tides, sea fogs, and winds. While institutions like the Korea Meteorological Administration and the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency already offer data on these dynamic factors, the resolution is often insufficient for a precise assessment of localized risks. In this study, to overcome these limitations, we utilized the dynamic information from existing open systems to construct a high-resolution numerical simulation. Through this, we developed an automated module to predict dynamic factors in localized coastal activity areas. Particularly during the module's construction, we compared and reviewed the numerical prediction results for waves with observed wave heights.
Here’s What to Know About Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome, Newly Defined by the AHA
Authors: Larkin Howard
Published: November 2023

This Medical News article discusses a recent American Heart Association presidential advisory on CKM syndrome that lays the groundwork for a new cardiovascular disease risk calculator.
The relationship between mistrust and aggression from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Rotenberg Ken J. , Fonseca António Castro
Published: November 2023

The study examined the relationship between mistrust and aggression from childhood to adulthood. The participants resided in Portugal and were tested during middle childhood (Mage = 7.5, SD = 0.81 years, n = 445, 240 male), preadolescence (Mage = 11.92, SD = 0.96 years, n = 431, 200 male), mid‐adolescence (Mage = 14.70, SD = 0.91 years, n = 326, 201 male), late adolescence (Mage = 18.14, SD = 1.19 years, n = 410, 216 male), and adulthood (Mage = 26.56, SD = 1.13, years, n = 417, 197 male). Mothers reported the participants' mistrust during childhood and preadolescence on items from the Child Behavior Checklist. Aggression was assessed by standardized self‐report measures at each age period. It was found that mistrust was associated with aggression during preadolescence and predicted changes in aggression to mid‐adolescence and adulthood. The findings supported the conclusion that mistrust during preadolescence predisposes individuals to show aggression later in the life course.
Water‐Mediated Selectivity Control of CH3OH versus CO/CH4in CO2Photoreduction on Single‐Atom Implanted Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Huang Juan‐Ru , Shi Wen‐Xiong , Xu Shen‐Yue , Luo Hao , Zhang Jiangwei , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhang Zhi‐Ming
Published: November 2023

Controllable methanol production in artificial photosynthesis is highly desirable due to its high energy density and ease of storage. Herein, single atom Fe is implanted into TiO2/SrTiO3(TSr) nanotube arrays by two‐step anodization and Sr‐induced crystallization. The resulting Fe‐TSr with both single Fe reduction centers and dominant oxidation facets (001) contributes to efficient CO2photoreduction and water oxidation for controlled production of CH3OH and CO/CH4. The methanol yield can reach to 154.20 µmol gcat−1h−1with 98.90% selectivity by immersing all the catalyst in pure water, and the yield of CO/CH4is 147.48 µmol gcat−1h−1with >99.99% selectivity when the catalyst completely outside water. This CH3OH yield is 50 and 3 times higher than that of TiO2and TSr and stands among all the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. The facile gas–solid and gas–liquid–solid phase switch can selectively control CH3OH production from ≈0% (above H2O) to 98.90% (in H2O) via slowly immersing the catalyst into water, where abundant •OH and H2O around Fe sites play important role in selective CH3OH production. This work highlights a new insight for water‐mediated CO2photoreduction to controllably produce CH3OH.
Switchable Chemical‐Bond Reorganization for the Stable Charge Trapping in Amorphous Silicon Nitride
Authors: Choi Woon Ih , Son Won‐Joon , Dronskowski Richard , Oh Youngtek , Yang Seung‐Yeul , Kwon Uihui , Kim Dae Sin
Published: November 2023

Despite the widespread use of charge‐trap flash (CTF) memory, the atomistic mechanism behind the exceptionally stable charge storage at the localized trap sites is still controversial. Herein, by combining first‐principles calculations and orbital interaction analysis, a charge‐dependent switchable chemical‐bond reorganization is elucidated as the underpinning chemistry in the working mechanism of CTF. Especially, positively charged fourfold‐coordinated nitrogen (dubbed N+center), unappreciated until now, is the decisive component of the entire process; once an electron occupies this site, the N+center disappears by breaking one N─Si bond, simultaneously forming a new Si─Si bond with a nearby Si atom which, in turn, creates fivefold coordinated Si. As a result, the electron is stored in a multi‐center orbital belonging to multiple atoms including the newly formed Si─Si bond. It is also observed that hole trapping accompanies the creation of an N+center by forming a new N─Si bond, which represents the reverse process. To further support and validate this model by means of core‐level calculations, it is also shown that an N+center's 1score level is 1.0–2.5 eV deeper in energy than those of the threefold coordinated N atoms, in harmony with experimental X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal [4+1] Cyclization of Benzyl Alcohols and Benzaldimines: Facile Access to Silicon‐Stereogenic Heterocycles
Authors: Shen Bingxue , Pan Deng , Xie Wanying , Li Xiao‐Xi , Yu Songjie , Huang Genping , Li Xingwei
Published: November 2023

The carbon‐to‐silicon switch in formation of bioactive sila‐heterocycles with a silicon‐stereogenic center has garnered significant interest in drug discovery. However, metal‐catalyzed synthesis of such scaffolds is still in its infancy. Herein, a rhodium‐catalyzed enantioselective formal [4+1] cyclization of benzyl alcohols and benzaldimines has been realized by enantioselective difunctionalization of a secondary silane reagent, affording chiral‐at‐silicon cyclic silyl ethers and sila‐isoindolines, respectively. Mechanistic studies reveal a dual role of the rhodium‐hydride catalyst. The coupling system proceeds via rhodium‐catalyzed enantio‐determining dehydrogenative OH silylation of the benzyl alcohol or hydrosilylation of the imine to give an enantioenriched silyl ether or silazane intermediate, respectively. The same rhodium catalyst also enables subsequent intramolecular cyclative C−H silylation directed by the pendent Si‐H group. Experimental and DFT studies have been conducted to explore the mechanism of the OH bond silylation of benzyl alcohol, where the Si‐O reductive elimination from a Rh(III) hydride intermediate has been established as the enantiodetermining step.
Visible Light Induced Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Deaminative Arylation of Amino Acid Derivatives Assisted by Phenol
Authors: Jia Yue , Zhang Zhihan , Yu Guo‐Ming , Jiang Xuan , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: November 2023

The exploration of value‐added conversions of naturally abundant amino acids has received considerable attention from the synthetic community. Compared with the well‐established asymmetric decarboxylative transformation, the asymmetric deaminative transformation of amino acids still remains a formidable challenge, mainly due to the lack of effective strategies for the C−N bond activation and the potential incompatibility with chiral catalysts. Here, we disclose a photoinduced Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric deaminative coupling reaction of amino acids with arylboronic acids. This new protocol provides a series of significant chiral phenylacetamides in generally good yields and excellent stereoselectivity under mild and green conditions (42–85 % yields, up to 97 % ee). Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations were performed to reveal the crucial role of additional phenols in improving catalytic efficiency and enantiocontrol.
Tunable Chirality of Self‐Assembled Dipeptides Mediated by Bipyridine Derivative
Authors: Wu Aoli , Guo Yongxian , Li Meiqi , Li Qin , Zang Hengchang , Li Junbai
Published: November 2023

Supramolecular peptide assemblies have been widely used for the development of biomedical, catalytical, and optical materials with chiral nanostructures in view of the intrinsic chirality of peptides. However, the assembly pathway and chiral transformation behavior of various peptides remain largely elusive especially for the transient assemblies under out‐of‐equilibrium conditions. Herein, the N‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐protected phenylalanine‐tyrosine dipeptide (Fmoc‐FY) was used as a peptide assembly platform, which showed that the assembly proceeds multistep evolution. The original spheres caused by liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) can nucleate and elongate into the formation of right‐handed helices which were metastable and easily converted into microribbons. Interestingly, a bipyridine derivative can be introduced to effectively control the assembly pathway and induce the formation of thermodynamically stable right‐handed or left‐handed helices at different stoichiometric ratios. In addition, the chiral assembly can also be regulated by ultrasound or enzyme catalysis. This minimalistic system not only broadens the nucleation‐elongation mechanisms of protein aggregates but also promotes the controllable design and development of chiral biomaterials.
Distinguishing Protein Chemical Topologies Using Supercharging Ion Mobility Spectrometry‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Im Dahye , Liu Yajie , Fang Jing , Tian Xibao , Kim Minsu , Zhang Wen‐Bin , Seo Jongcheol
Published: November 2023

A technique combining ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry (IMS‐MS) and supercharging electrospray ionization (ESI) has been demonstrated to differentiate protein chemical topology effectively. Incorporating as many charges as possible into proteins via supercharging ESI allows the protein chains to be largely unfolded and stretched, revealing their hidden chemical topology. Different chemical topologies result in differing geometrical sizes of the unfolded proteins due to constraints in torsional rotations in cyclic domains. By introducing new topological indices, such as the chain‐length‐normalized collision cross‐section (CCS) and the maximum charge state (zM) in the extensively unfolded state, we were able to successfully differentiate various protein chemical topologies, including linear chains, ring‐containing topologies (lasso, tadpole, multicyclics, etc.), and mechanically interlocked rings, like catenanes.
Enhancing oil repellency of electron beam‐grafted polyethylene terephthalate fabric with 2‐(perfluorohexyl) ethyl acrylate monomer via pre‐irradiation
Authors: Shohbuke Eriko , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Okubayashi Satoko
Published: November 2023

Electron beam (EB)‐induced graft polymerization is advantageous for the surface modification of fabrics. We investigated the effect of monomer concentration and the addition of alkyl groups on the oil repellency of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics treated with monomers containing fluoroalkyl groups through EB‐induced graft polymerization via pre‐irradiation. We use 2‐(perfluorohexyl) ethyl acrylate (FEA) and stearyl acrylate (SA(C18)) with long alkyl chains as vinyl monomers to induce reaction with radicals generated from EB irradiation. The weight gain and surface morphology of the PET fabrics change with the FEA monomer concentration. The uniformity of the EB‐grafted PET fabric surface is determined at low monomer solution concentrations. Results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis show that adding 0.1 mol/L of FEA monomer to the EB‐grafted PET fabric yields the highest dodecane contact angle of 93.4° and a surface fluorine concentration of 39.8%. The addition of SA(C18) monomer to the FEA monomer decreases the dodecane contact angle by 77.5° and yields a surface fluorine concentration of 19.1%. EB graft polymerization via pre‐irradiation results in a uniformly treated surface, and stable oil repellency is achieved when using solely the FEA monomer at a lower monomer concentration than that used in a similar irradiation method reportedly previously.
Issues and challenges facing aqueous sodium‐ion batteries toward practical applications
Authors: Rao Ruohui , Chen Long , Su Jing , Cai Shiteng , Wang Sheng , Chen Zhongxue
Published: November 2023

Aqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIBs) have attracted widespread attention in the energy storage and conversion fields due to their benefits in high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, compared with the sodium‐ion batteries born in the same period, the commercialization of ASIB has been significantly delayed. Although great efforts have been made on the electrode/electrode design and interface regulation, the performance of ASIBs is far from the practical requirements. This review first comprehensively compared ASIBs and lead acid batteries in terms of battery structure, performance, sustainable manufacturing, circular economy, and environmental impact. Then, the issues and challenges relevant to the unfavorable behaviors of ASIBs are discussed in detail, such as low energy density caused by narrow electrochemical stability window of water, limited choice of electrode materials, unstable electrode/electrolyte interface, immature battery manufacturing technology, and so forth. We hope that this review provides pertinent insight into the research focus and rational design of applicable ASIBs.
Cancer mortality and competing causes of death in older adults with cancer: A prospective, multicentre cohort study (ELCAPA‐19)
Authors: Assouan Déborah , Paillaud Elena , Caillet Philippe , Broussier Amaury , Kempf Emmanuelle , Frelaut Maxime , Brain Etienne , Lorisson Emmanuelle , Chambraud Clelia , Bastuji‐Garin Sylvie , Hanon Olivier , Canouï‐Poitrine Florence , Laurent Marie , Martinez‐Tapia Claudia
Published: November 2023

Background

In older patients with cancer, comorbidities compete with cancer for cause of death. The objectives were to evaluate cancer mortality and factors associated, according to metastatic status.

Methods

Between 2007 and 2014, patients with cancer aged ≥70 referred for pre‐therapeutic geriatric assessment (GA) were included through the ELCAPA prospective cohort study. The underlying cause of death was defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. The World Health Organisation definition was used to categorise the cause of death as cancer versus another disease (e.g. cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, etc.) Competing risk models were used.

Results

Mean (SD) age of the 1445 included patients was 80.2 (5.8) and 48% were women. Most common tumour sites were colorectal (19%), breast (17%) and urinary (15%); 773 patients (49%) had metastases. After a 34‐month median follow‐up, 706 cancer deaths were observed among 843 deaths. The 6‐month and 3‐year cancer mortality rates (95% CI) were 12% (9–15) and 34% (29–38) for non‐metastatic patients and 43% (39–47) and 79% (75–82) for metastatic patients, respectively. Dependency in activities of daily living and comorbidities were associated with 6‐month and 3‐year cancer mortality in non‐metastatic (adjusted subhazard ratio [aSHR] = 1.68 [0.99–2.85] and 1.69 [1.16–2.45]; and 1.98 [1.08–3.63] and 3.38 [1.47–7.76], respectively) and metastatic patients (aSHR = 2.81 [2.01–3.93] and 2.95 [2.14–4.07]; and 1.63 [1.18–2.25] and 2.06 [1.39–3.05], respectively). Impaired Timed‐Get‐Up‐and‐Go test was associated with 6‐month and 3‐year cancer mortality in metastatic patients (aSHR = 1.5 [1.06–2.12] and 1.38 [1.06–1.81], respectively). Obesity was negatively associated with 3‐year cancer death in non‐metastatic (aSHR = 0.53 [0.29–0.97]) and metastatic patients (aSHR = 0.71 [0.51–1.00]).

Conclusions

The majority of older adults with cancer referred for pre‐therapeutic GA die from cancer. Geriatric parameters are independently associated with cancer mortality and should be considered for prognosis assessment, decision‐making and care.
Keeping it in the family: Use of the grandmother, mother, and child technique to navigate complex anatomy during Coronary sinus Reducer Implantation
Authors: Reddy Rohin K. , Foley Michael , Giannini Francesco , Al‐Lamee Rasha K.
Published: November 2023

The Coronary Sinus Reducer® (CSR) is an emerging therapy for refractory angina recommended once no further pharmacologic or coronary revascularization options are available. We present the case of a 72‐year‐old man who underwent CSR implantation. Complex coronary sinus anatomy necessitated an innovative “grandmother, mother, and child” catheter approach.
Integrating Benzoxazine‐PDMS 3D Networks with Carbon Nanotubes for flexible Pressure Sensors
Authors: Puozzo Hugo , Saiev Shamil , Bonnaud Leïla , Beljonne David , Lazzaroni Roberto
Published: November 2023

Shapeable and flexible pressure sensors with superior mechanical and electrical properties are of major interest as they can be employed in a wide range of applications. In this regard, elastomer‐based composites incorporating carbon nanomaterials in the insulating matrix embody an appealing solution for designing flexible pressure sensors with specific properties. In this study, PDMS chains of different molecular weight were successfully functionalized with benzoxazine moieties in order to thermally cure them without adding a second component, nor a catalyst or an initiator. These precursors were then blended with 1 weight percent of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using an ultrasound probe, which induced a transition from a liquid‐like to a gel‐like behavior as CNTs generate an interconnected network within the matrix. After curing, the resulting nanocomposites exhibit mechanical and electrical properties making them highly promising materials for pressure‐sensing applications.
The PURPLE mystery: Semantic meaning of three purple terms in French speakers from Algeria, France, and Switzerland
Authors: Epicoco Déborah , Mohr Christine , Uusküla Mari , Quiblier Michael , Meziane Maliha Bouayed , Laurent Eric , Spagnulo Giulia F. M. , Jonauskaite Domicele
Published: November 2023

Studies on the color category PURPLE yielded inconsistent category boundaries, focal colors, and color‐emotion associations. In French, there are at least three color terms referring to the shades of purple, potentially weighing on these inconsistencies. Thus, we tested the semantic breadth and richness in semantic meaning of violet (basic term), lilas (non‐basic), and pourpre (non‐basic). We collected free associations in 274 French speakers from Algeria, France, and Switzerland, yielding 2079 responses, of which 436 were discrete and 275 were unique. Frequency analyses and semantic coding supported the basicness status of violet in French, within a hierarchically structured semantic system. Moreover, the meaning of the three terms was not synonymous. Violet had the most abstract meaning. Lilas had the narrowest meaning, mainly referring to Natural Entities. Pourpre seemed close to RED. We found no differences between the countries. Future studies should extend this approach to other languages and other color terms.
Does depth divide? Variable genetic connectivity patterns among shallow and mesophotic Montastraea cavernosa coral populations across the Gulf of Mexico and western Caribbean
Authors: Sturm Alexis B. , Eckert Ryan J. , Carreiro Ashley M. , Klein Allison M. , Studivan Michael S. , Dodge Farelli Danielle , Simões Nuno , González‐Díaz Patricia , González Méndez Juliett , Voss Joshua D.
Published: November 2023

Despite general declines in coral reef ecosystems in the tropical western Atlantic, some reefs, including mesophotic reefs (30–150 m), are hypothesized to function as coral refugia due to their relative isolation from anthropogenic stressors. Understanding the connectivity dynamics among these putative refugia and more degraded reefs is critical to develop effective management strategies that promote coral metapopulation persistence and recovery. This study presents a geographically broad assessment of shallow (<30 m) and mesophotic (>30 m) connectivity dynamics of the depth‐generalist coral species Montastraea cavernosa. Over 750 coral genets were collected across the Northwest and Southern Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Cuba, and Belize, and ~5000 SNP loci were generated to quantify high‐resolution genetic structure and connectivity among these populations. Generally, shallow and mesophotic populations demonstrated higher connectivity to distant populations within the same depth zone than to adjacent populations across depth zones. However, exceptions to this pattern include the Northwest Gulf of Mexico and the Florida Keys which exhibited relatively high vertical genetic connectivity. Furthermore, estimates of recent gene flow emphasize that mesophotic M. cavernosa populations are not significant sources for their local shallow counterparts, except for the Northwest Gulf of Mexico populations. Location‐based differences in vertical connectivity are likely a result of diverse oceanographic and environmental conditions that may drive variation in gene flow and depth‐dependent selection. These results highlight the need to evaluate connectivity dynamics and refugia potential of mesophotic coral species on a population‐by‐population basis and to identify stepping‐stone populations that warrant incorporation in future international management approaches.
Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) conservation in Bardia National Park, Nepal: Assessing population structure and habitat characteristics along the river channel amidst infrastructure development
Authors: Dhami Bijaya , Maraseni Tek , Thapa Kanchan , K. C. Nishan , Subedi Sanskar , Gautam Shreejan , Ayer Santosh , Bayne Erin
Published: November 2023

Nepal initiated numerous hydropower and irrigation‐related infrastructure projects to enhance and promote green energy, water security, and agricultural productivity. However, these projects may pose risks to natural habitats and the well‐being of aquatic fauna, leading to significant effects on delicate ecosystems. To understand these potential impacts, it is crucial to gather reliable baseline data on the population status and habitat characteristics of species. This study specifically focuses on Gharials (Gavialis gangeticus), a critically endangered species. We recorded data on pre‐determined habitat variables at stations spaced 500 m apart along the two major river streams of Bardia National Park, as well as at locations where Gharials were sighted between February and March 2023. We used binary logistic regression with a logit link function to investigate the habitat characteristics related to the occurrence of Gharials. The presence/absence of Gharials at sampling points served as the dependent variable, while 10 other predetermined variables (ecological variables and disturbance variables) served as independent variables. Our study recorded 23 Gharials, comprising 14 adults, six sub‐adults, and three juveniles, with a sex ratio of 55.56 males per 100 females. Most individuals (83%) were found basking. Among the 10 habitat predictors, three variables (mid‐river depth, river width, and water temperature) were significantly correlated (p < .05) with the probability of Gharial occurrence. The model shows that Gharial detection probability increases with greater mid‐river depth and width and lower water temperature. This study establishes a population baseline for Gharials within the river system before the construction of large infrastructure projects, such as dams and irrigation canals. It also recommends continuous monitoring of Gharial populations after water release and/or diversion to evaluate the impact of large infrastructure projects on the population and their associated habitat characteristics. This will help enable more informed and targeted conservation efforts.
Hunting behavior and feeding ecology of Mojave rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus), prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis), and their hybrids in southwestern New Mexico
Authors: Maag Dylan W. , Francioli Yannick Z. , Shaw Noelle , Soni Ashana Y. , Castoe Todd A. , Schuett Gordon W. , Clark Rulon W.
Published: November 2023

Predators must contend with numerous challenges to successfully find and subjugate prey. Complex traits related to hunting are partially controlled by a large number of co‐evolved genes, which may be disrupted in hybrids. Accordingly, research on the feeding ecology of animals in hybrid zones has shown that hybrids sometimes exhibit transgressive or novel behaviors, yet for many taxa, empirical studies of predation and diet across hybrid zones are lacking. We undertook the first such field study for a hybrid zone between two snake species, the Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) and the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). Specifically, we leveraged established field methods to quantify the hunting behaviors of animals, their prey communities, and the diet of individuals across the hybrid zone in southwestern New Mexico, USA. We found that, even though hybrids had significantly lower body condition indices than snakes from either parental group, hybrids were generally similar to non‐hybrids in hunting behavior, prey encounter rates, and predatory attack and success. We also found that, compared to C. scutulatus, C. viridis was significantly more active while hunting at night and abandoned ambush sites earlier in the morning, and hybrids tended to be more viridis‐like in this respect. Prey availability was similar across the study sites, including within the hybrid zone, with kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) as the most common small mammal, both in habitat surveys and the frequency of encounters with hunting rattlesnakes. Analysis of prey remains in stomachs and feces also showed broad similarity in diets, with all snakes preying primarily on small mammals and secondarily on lizards. Taken together, our results suggest that the significantly lower body condition of hybrids does not appear to be driven by differences in their hunting behavior or diet and may instead relate to metabolic efficiency or other physiological traits we have not yet identified.
Predictability of commodity futures returns with machine learning models
Authors: Wang Shirui , Zhang Tianyang
Published: November 2023

We use prevailing machine learning models to investigate the predictability of futures returns in 22 commodities with commodity‐specific and macroeconomic factors as predictors. Out‐of‐sample prediction errors for the majority of futures contracts are lowered compared with those obtained by the baseline models of AR(1) and forecast combinations. Using Shapley values to explain feature importance, we identify dominant predictors for each commodity. A long–short portfolio strategy based on monthly light gradient‐boosting machine predictions outperforms the benchmark linear models in terms of annual return, Sharpe ratio, and max drawdown.
Incremental health care resource utilization and costs associated among patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis and incident dementia: An analysis of medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Rajagopalan Krithika , Rashid Nazia , Gopal Daksha , Doshi Dilesh
Published: November 2023

Background

Real‐world evidence examining the incremental health care resource use (HCRU) and cost burden of incident dementia among patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) are needed within the United States (US).

Objectives

To compare HCRU and cost burden between PDP patients with incident dementia (PDP + D) versus without incident dementia (PDP).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of inpatient (Part A), outpatient (Part B), and prescription drug (Part D) claims from the 100% Medicare sample was conducted to compare PDP + D patients versus PDP patients between 01/01/14‐12/31/18. Patients with a diagnosis of dementia, psychosis, secondary parkinsonism, or other psychotic disorders, during 12‐month pre‐index were excluded. Patients in both groups were matched using 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) methodology using 31 variables (age, sex, race, region and 27 Elixhauser comorbidity characteristics). Differences in 12‐month post‐index HCRU rates and mean per patient per year (PPPY) costs for all‐cause inpatient (IP) hospitalizations, and by type of IP stay (i.e., short‐term [ST‐stay], skilled nursing facility [SNF‐stay] and long‐term [LT‐stay]) were analyzed via logistic and gamma log‐link regression models.

Results

Of the 12,484 patients who met our study criteria, 1855 PSM‐matched cohorts were identified. Mean age, gender, and comorbidities were similar in PSM groups. Approximately, 50.3% with PDP + D reported ≥1 all‐cause IP hospitalizations versus 36.0% with PDP (p < 0.05) during 12‐month follow‐up. Specifically, all‐cause ST‐stay, SNF‐stay, and LT‐stay among PDP + D versus PDP patients were: 45.2% versus 35.7%, 28.3% versus 15.7%, and 8.5% versus 6.0% (p < 0.05), respectively. Psychiatric‐related ST‐stay, SNF‐stay, and LT‐stay among PDP + D versus PDP patients were: 12.3% versus 9.0%, 7.5% versus 3.4%, and 2.4% versus 1.2% (p < 0.05), respectively. Mean PPPY all‐cause IP hospitalization costs for PDP + D patients versus PDP patients was $17,891 (±29,882) versus $11,599 (±$25,247) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with PDP + D experience significantly higher all‐cause and psychiatric‐related IP hospitalizations, including ST‐stays, LT stays, and SNF stays. They also had 54% greater mean PPPY IP hospitalization costs versus PDP patients.
The influence of environmental factors on the health of the population of the Aktobe region
Authors: Moldayazova Lyazzat , Zhapalakov Baser , Shagatayeva Bibigul , Kuatbaeva Aynagul , Baspakova Akmaral
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the impact of environmental factors on human health, including harmful substances, extreme temperatures, and air quality. The health status of the population in regions where many industries operate also depends on meteorological factors. The purpose of the study is to characterize and determine the influence of environmental factors (humidity, temperature, wind) and industries, including metal mining and processing regions, on the health of people in the Aktobe region, Republic of Kazakhstan. The study used general theoretical methods to analyze and systematize the results of the meteorological service of the Aktobe region and the experiments conducted by the branch of the National Centre of Expertise of the Committee of Sanitary and Epidemiological Control of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the Aktobe region in 2020 and 2021. Statistical data on the amount of chromium, lead, and nickel in the blood, and the morbidity rate of the population were analyzed. The study's findings indicate that residents in the Aktobe region experience hypothermia during winter at temperatures between −12 °C and −15 °C and humidity of 81%, and in summer overheating occurs at temperatures between +19.6 °C and +22.5 °C with humidity of 77%. These extreme temperature conditions disrupt the body's heat exchange with the environment, affecting the respiratory and circulatory systems. Moreover, the predominantly windless conditions in the region affect the atmosphere's self-cleaning ability, resulting in high levels of air pollution throughout the year. The findings can inform strategies to improve public health and prevent diseases in industrial regions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1156–1165. © 2023 SETAC

Key Points

The study emphasizes the significant relationship between environmental conditions and human health, advocating thorough research into how different environmental factors affect people's health. A critical insight from the research is the effect of natural conditions on health, where extreme cold and heat paired with high humidity levels significantly impair the body's thermoregulation, leading to hypothermia or overheating. Environmental improvements and human health protections are integral to ensuring a sustainable and prosperous future and should be a focal point of national policy and public health objectives.
Comparison of perioperative surgical outcomes between contained and free manual vaginal morcellation of large uteruses following total laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Raimondo Diego , Raffone Antonio , Franceschini Camilla , Virgilio Agnese , Palermo Roberto , Borghese Giulia , Maletta Manuela , Borgia Alessandra , Neola Daniele , Travaglino Antonio , Lenzi Jacopo , Guida Maurizio , Seracchioli Renato
Published: November 2023

Objective

To compare contained and free manual vaginal morcellation of large uteruses after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) in women at low risk of uterine malignancy in terms of feasibility and safety.

Methods

A single‐center, observational, retrospective, cohort study was carried out including all patients undergoing TLH requiring manual vaginal morcellation for specimen extraction of large uteruses from January 2015 to August 2021 at the Division of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of manual vaginal morcellation (contained or free), and compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and perioperative data.

Results

In all, 271 patients were included: 186 (68.6%) in the contained morcellation group and 85 (31.4%) in the free morcellation group. The mean operative time was significantly lower in the contained morcellation group compared with the free morcellation group (median [interquartile range] 130 [45] vs. 155 [60] min; P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in complications related to the morcellation step, overall, intraoperative and postoperative complications, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stays, uterine weight, and rate of occult malignancy between the two groups.

Conclusion

Contained vaginal manual morcellation of the uterus after total laparoscopic hysterectomy using a specimen retrieval bag appears to be a safe procedure with significantly lower operative time than free vaginal manual morcellation.
Using structural equation modeling to examine counselor interpersonal stress theory
Authors: Moore C. Missy , Stubbs‐Brown Breanna V. , Wood Katherine M. , Bingham Austen
Published: November 2023

When counselors experience interpersonal stress, they appraise counseling events using a similar appraisal process as the well‐known stress theory, the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Using structural equation modeling, we tested a mediation model representing the appraisal process in counselor interpersonal stress theory using a sample of professional counselors (n = 221). We hypothesized preventive resources and counseling self‐efficacy would partially mediate the relationship between counselor interpersonal stress and counselor burnout. In the model, counselor interpersonal stress and preventive resources showed statistically significant direct effects on counselor burnout. Preventive resources partially mediated the relationship between counselor interpersonal stress and counselor burnout. Implications for clinical practice and counselor wellness are discussed.
Synthesis of porous silica from wasted SiO2‐containing molding compounds
Authors: Lai Luo‐Yun , Chang Chi‐Cheng , Hung Yi‐Lun , Chiang Tzu‐Hsing , Lin Hong‐Ping , Hsu Chun‐Han
Published: November 2023

Materials

In this study, we provided a simple method to extract the silicate species from the waste silica‐containing molding compounds from the semiconducting industry.

Methods

Recycled sodium silicate solution was obtained from alkaline extraction of the silica fillers in the waste molding compounds and dried and redissolved in appropriate amount of water.

Results

Porous silica of high surface area (>500 m2g−1) and tunable pore size (1.5–5.0 nm) could be feasibly synthesized by using the recycled sodium silicate as silica source and nature‐friendly homopolymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an organic template. The pore size of the PEG‐templating silicas was made tunable by hydrothermal treatment at different pH.

Conclusion

To reduce the emission of CO2 gas from the removal of the PEG template, porous silica with a large surface area has been prepared at a low PEG/sodium silicate weight ratio of 1/20.
Identifying characteristics of adolescents with persistent loneliness during COVID‐19: A multi‐country eight‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Riddleston Laura , Shukla Meenakshi , Lavi Iris , Saglio Eloise , Fuhrmann Delia , Pandey Rakesh , Singh Tushar , Qualter Pamela , Lau Jennifer Y. F.
Published: November 2023

Background

Elevated loneliness experiences characterise young people. While loneliness at this developmental juncture may emerge from age‐typical upheaval in social relationships, there is little data on the extent to which young people experience high and persistent levels of loneliness, and importantly, who is most vulnerable to these experiences. Using the widespread social restrictions associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic, which precipitated loneliness in many, we aimed to examine adolescents' loneliness profiles across time and the demographic predictors (age, sex, and country) of more severe trajectories.

Methods

Participants aged 12–18 years, recruited into a multi‐wave study (N = 1039) across three sites (UK, Israel, and India) completed a 3‐item loneliness measure fortnightly across 8 timepoints during the pandemic.

Results

Latent class growth analysis suggested 5 distinct trajectories: (1) low stable (33%), (2) low increasing (19%), (3) moderate decreasing (17%), (4) moderate stable (23%), and (5) high increasing (8%). Females and older adolescents were more likely to experience persistently high loneliness.

Conclusions

These findings indicate a need for interventions to reduce loneliness in adolescents as we emerge from the pandemic, particularly for those groups identified as being at highest risk.
Evolution of local misorientations in the γ/γ’‐microstructure of single crystal superalloys during creep studied with the rotation vector baseline (RVB) EBSD method
Authors: Gamanov Stepan , Dlouhy A. , Bürger D. , Eggeler G. , Thome P.
Published: November 2023

The present work uses the rotation vector baseline electron back scatter orientation imaging method (RVB‐EBSD) to study the evolution of small misorientations between the γ‐ and γ′‐phase in Ni‐base single crystal superalloys (SXs) during creep. For this purpose, two material states of the SX ERBO1 (CMSX4 type) were characterized after creep deformation at 850°C and 600 MPa to final strains of 1% and 2%. Obtaining reliable phase boundary misorientation (PBM), kernel average misorientation (KAM) and orientation spread (OS) data represents a challenge for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), not only because the method operates at its limits of lateral and angular resolution, but also because it is difficult to differentiate between the two phases merely based on Kikuchi diffraction. The two phases differ in chemical composition which gives rise to different EBSD background intensities. These can be exploited to differentiate between the two phases. In the present work, crystallographic and chemical information are combined to demonstrate that orientation imaging can be used to document the formation of dislocation networks at γ/γ′‐interfaces and the filling of γ‐channels by dislocations. These findings are in good agreement with reference results from diffraction contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. It is also shown that misorientations evolve between small groups of equally oriented γ/γ′‐neighborhoods, on a size scale above characteristic γ/γ′‐dimensions (>0.5 μm) and below distances associated with dendritic mosaicity (<200 μm). The methodological aspects as well as the new material specific results are discussed in the light of previous work published in the literature.

Research Highlights

Microstructure evolution during [001] tensile creep of Ni‐based single‐crystalline alloy.

Application of RVB‐EBSD technique, focused on angular misorientations between γ/γ′ phases, with accuracy of 0.01°.

Separation of γ/γ′ phases using experimental post‐processing of raw EBSD data.
Voices of fear and uncertainty: Exploring the employment struggles of female DACA recipients
Authors: Zarate Jose , Amezcua Adrian , Ramos Anabell O. , Linares Janette , Seals Bobby , Farley Zachary S. , Sanchez Andrea
Published: November 2023

This qualitative study explores the employment experiences of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients in the United States during the Trump administration and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Through in‐depth interviews with nine female DACA recipients, this study examines the ways in which the Trump administration and COVID‐19 impacted the employment and sense of security of DACA recipients. The findings suggest that the uncertainty surrounding the future of the DACA program and delayed renewals for DACA recipients work authorizations had significant implications for their employment and livelihood. These findings provide important implications for counselors, future research, and advocacy.