bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Athens to Aotearoa: Greece and Rome in New Zealand Literature and Society
Authors: Johnson Marguerite
Published: July 2018

Classical Reception Studies has developed over the last twenty years, with Classicists and Ancient Historians finding never-ending sources of academic inspiration. With its origins in Comparative Literature Studies and the Classical Tradition, Classical Reception Studies has extended beyond textual analyses to include the visual arts, film, popular culture, and socio-political histories and philosophies. It has also extended beyond Britain and Europe – its traditional strongholds – to research embedded in the influence of ancient Mediterranean cultures on the Antipodes.
Investigating the validity of using automated writing evaluation in EFL writing assessment
Authors: Xu Ying
Published: July 2018

This study aims to follow an argument-based approach to validation of using automated essay evaluation (AWE) system with the example of Pigai, a Chinese AWE program, in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing assessment in China. First, an interpretive argument was developed for its use in the course of College English. Second, three sub-studies were conducted to seek evidence of claims related to score evaluation, score generalization, score explanation, score extrapolation and feedback utilization. Major findings are: (1) Pigai yields scores that are accurate indicators of the quality of a test performance sample; (2) Pigai yields scores that are sufficiently consistent across tasks in the same form; (3) Pigai scoring features represent the construct of interest to some extent, yet problems of construct under-representation and construct-irrelevant features still exist; (4) Pigai yields scores that are consistent with teachers’ judgments of students’ writing ability; (5) Pigai generates feedback that has a positive impact on students’ development of writing ability, but to some extent. The above results reveal that AWE can only be used as a supplement to human evaluation, but can never replace the latter in the classroom settings.
Design and Implementation of a Development Environment on Ladder Diagram for Arduino with Ethernet Connection
Authors: Inzunza Villagomez Héctor Iván , Pérez Arce Beatrice , Hernández Ruiz Sergio Iván , López Corella José Alejandro
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this project is to present an alternative for the Arduino boards programming through a ladder diagram development environment. Similarly, it seeks to provide a new option for both academic and automation process applications for effective solutions without the use of extensive resources. The product of this objective is a PLC whit Ethernet connection prototype based in Arduino, which is distinguished by being compact, economical and easy to control. It's programmed through an IDE, developed by Visual Studio with the C# programming language and has basic and intuitive tools for program development and also has a single and friendly interface to ease its use.
Mean annual blue water footprint of national consumption per capita (1996-2005)
Authors: Guefradj Najet
Published: July 2018

This layer represents estimation of the mean annual blue water footprint of national consumption for the period 1996-2005. The water footprint is a measure of human’s appropriation of freshwater resources. The blue water footprint refers to consumption of blue water resources (surface and ground water).

Estimations are given in cubic meter per capita per year. In the table, data are also available disaggregated per sectors: agricultural production, industrial production and domestic water use.

A detailed description of the methodology and results can be found in the main report available here: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report50-NationalWaterFootprints-Vol1.pdf .

For more information, visit the Water Footprint Network website: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/?page=files/WaterStat

Agriculture
Supply
Use/Reuse
Proportion of Municipal Water coming from Groundwater
Authors: Barranco-Fabre Adrian
Published: July 2018

Today, cities are looking farther beyond their limits for clean water. Many cities rely partially or totally on non-surface water like groundwater. The study of the Natural Conservancy focus on the analysis of surface water quality, while accounting for the groundwater importance in urban supply but without evaluation of the sustainability of the source.

For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf

You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

Drinking water
Groundwater
Human settlements
Supply
Annual Stress Category
Authors: Barranco-Fabre Adrian
Published: July 2018

Water withdrawals or water abstractions, is the freshwater taken from ground or surface water sources and conveyed to a place of use. These, normally, are sectorial distributed and in this specific case, five of the most important water sectors such as irrigation, livestock-based agriculture, industry, thermal electricity production, and households and small businesses are examined. (Estimated from the WaterGAP3 model) This map shows the quantity of WTA taken from available watersheds, presented in two categories (considering a threshold of 40%) being Stressed or Not Stressed.

For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf

You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

Basin
Drinking Water
Groundwater
Human Settlements
Supply
Surface water
Number of sources from which cities harvest water
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: July 2018

This layer presents the number of water sources (surface and non-surface) from which cities around the world harvest water. On average, cities retrieve water from 4 different sources. Note that if a city gets a small fraction of its water from surface water, there will be calculated values for this metric, but it is not particularly meaningful for a city's water risk or opportunity profile.

For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf

You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

Drinking water
Supply
PRÁTICAS DE ENDOMARKETING: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA INDÚSTRIA SUCROENERGÉTICA
Authors: Silveira Glauciane , Marques Ieso Costa , Galdino Matheus Teixeira
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo descreve um estudo de caso observado em uma organização industrial do setor sucroenergético localizada na cidade de Goianésia - Go. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi diagnosticar aspectos gerenciais relevantes quanto ao programa de endomarketing implementado pela empresa. Como objetivos específicos o estudo buscou compreender o perfil dos colaboradores da organização, o nível de conhecimento quanto as políticas de endomarketing; e de forma indireta a pesquisa também objetivou diagnosticar possíveis reflexos decorrentes das práticas de endomarketing existentes, segundo a percepção dos colaboradores. O estudo é o resultado de uma pesquisa do tipo estudo de caso, com caráter descritivo, focada em fatos, comportamentos e situações coletados em campo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário aplicado em 84 colaboradores dos setores administrativo, industrial e de manutenção. Os questionários foram respondidos durante o trajeto dos colaboradores para o trabalho. A confirmação da existência, ou não, do programa de endomarketing se deu de forma indireta através de uma análise que demonstra se a empresa desenvolve práticas e ações para a implantação do programa.
POLÍTICAS CORPORATIVAS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA DE NORMAS INTERNAS E O SEU PAPEL NA CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: Neris Samuel Moraes , Del Fiaco Juliana Luiza Moreira
Published: July 2018

As pessoas são elementos fundamentais para que as organizações sejam competitivas no mercado. Devido a sua grande importância no contexto empresarial é imprescindível que todos os colaboradores internos de uma empresa, estejam constantemente alinhados aos valores da organização, seus princípios, regras e políticas de gestão, para que sejam alcançados os objetivos desejados, tanto os empresariais quanto os pessoais. Neste sentindo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar a importância de normas internas e o seu papel na cultura organizacional da empresa BETA, um nome fictício de um laboratório farmacêutico, situado no Distrito Agroindustrial de Anápolis (DAIA). Por isso buscou-se analisar e avaliar o uso de políticas corporativas e a sua influência no ambiente organizacional, por meio de um estudo de caso realizado em alguns dos departamentos específicos da empresa (objeto de estudo) como o comercial, financeiro, jurídico e controle interno, concretizado por meio de entrevistas e de um levantamento bibliográfico. A conclusão mostrou que os benefícios adquiridos pela organização com a utilização das políticas corporativas, podem influenciar as pessoas no alcance de seus objetivos organizacionais.
UTILIZAÇÃO DA AVALIAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL COMO FERRAMENTA DE PLANEJAMENTO: O CASO DA UEG
Authors: Santos Guilherme Francisco dos , Rocha Márcio Dourado
Published: July 2018

O artigo trata da avaliação institucional em uma instituição de ensino superior pública. Aborda questões teóricas sobre o processo de avaliação institucional, as regras e normativas nacionais que o permeiam e a sua regulamentação interna na universidade estudada. Faz um elo entre avaliação institucional e planejamento na busca pela eficiência na prestação do serviço e cumprimento da missão institucional. Foca especificamente a Universidade Estadual de Goiás e seu processo de avaliação, abordado as melhorias ao logo dos processos avaliativos pela comunidade acadêmica. Aponta as potencialidades e fragilidades do processo de avaliação na UEG. Faz considerações finais em que sugere melhorias para aumentar a eficiência e eficácia do processo de avaliação na UEG.
DIREITOS HUMANOS E ADOLESCÊNCIA EM CONFLITO COM A LEI: AS UNIDADES DE RES-SOCIALIZAÇÃO E A MÍDIA
Authors: SILVA SAMUEL COSTA DA , NORONHA RAQUEL NOGUEIRA DE ARAÚJO
Published: July 2018

A ressocialização do adolescente em conflito com a lei está longe de ser efetivamente concretizada nas instituições de ressocialização. Ao invés de investir em uma reestruturação do sistema de internação de adolescentes infratores, o Estado os coloca em regime de reclusão sem lhes dar efetivas condições de ressocialização. Tratar da transgressão juvenil de maneira cuidadosa seria criar mecanismos de recuperação do infrator para que este pudesse ser reabilitado e devolvido ao meio social para, então, agir, comportar-se de modo produtivo e útil a todos. A sociedade não se importa com as condições em que os adolescentes em conflito com a lei se encontram nas unidades de reclusão, pois a mídia se encarrega de criminaliza-los sem considerar as causas mais profundas da violência a que foram submetidos.
A RESERVA LEGAL SOB A ÓTICA DO NOVO CÓDIGO FLORESTAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: LIMA FABRÍCIO WANTOIL , LEAL CLAÚDIA PIMENTA , RODRIGUES DIÓRGENES DE CASTRO FERREIRA , ROSA MATHEUS FELIPE DE OLIVEIRA
Published: July 2018

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo primordial a análise da nova legislação de cunho ambiental, Lei n. 12.651/12, mais especificamente o instituto da Reserva Legal, embasada pela doutrina e em congruência com o dispositivo legal. A presente pesquisa busca expor, de maneira clara, os aspectos pertinentes que norteiam e justificam o citado instituto por meio de uma vasta análise apoiada em revisão bibliográfica e no direito comparado. Visa-se esclarecer a importância da reserva legal para contribuir com a preservação do meio ambiente, além de demonstrar as falhas no dispositivo legal que causam certo retrocesso nesse caráter protetivo que a lei busca trazer para nossas florestas. Por fim, este artigo busca demonstrar que embora bastante moderna e importantíssima para a efetiva conservação e manutenção das florestas, fauna e flora brasileiras a nova lei ambiental possui falhas que comprometem esse caráter conservacionista e protetivo de nossos recursos naturais, como por exemplo, na não contemplação de um importantíssimo meio para manter a conexão de áreas preservadas próximas: os corredores ecológicos. Tem-se, portanto, como objetivo geral, pesquisar o novo código florestal brasileiro, com o foco voltado para o instituto da reserva legal. Os objetivos específicos foram: analisar detalhadamente o instituto da reserva legal presente na nova lei ambiental; apontar as evoluções históricas e também problemas apresentados por este instituto; demonstrar de que modo os corredores ecológicos poderiam contribuir com a conservação da reserva legal. Esta pesquisa desenvolveu-se por meio de revisão bibliográfica e qualitativa em direito ambiental. A estrutura da pesquisa foi elaborada em cinco tópicos: No primeiro tópico trata-se de aspectos conceituais, bem como a delimitação, localização e a natureza jurídica da reserva legal. O segundo tópico é voltado para o registro. O terceiro tópico tem foco em discutir a questão da necessidade de averbação da reserva legal em cartório e também no cadastro ambiental rural. O quarto tópico tem foco nas deficiências apresentadas pelo instituto, buscando demonstrar as falhas que comprometem a conservação eficaz do meio ambiente. Por fim, o quinto tópico visa demonstrar de que modo a conectividade ecológica é importante ao instituto da reserva legal. Define-se aqui a problemática que embasou a presente pesquisa: de que modo o instituto da Reserva Legal, presente na Lei 12.651 de 2012 contribui para a efetiva preservação ambiental?
TESTING OF COMBINED VACCINES AGAINST AUJEZSKY’S DISEASE, PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME AND PORCINE PARVOVIRUS INFECTION FOR THEIR ANTIGENICITY
Authors: Baborenko Ye. P. , Dolganova Ye. K. , Gruzdev K. N.
Published: July 2018

Tests of inactivated emulsion anti-Aujezsky’s disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine based on marker Aujezsky’s disease virus strain, PRRS virus strain and inactivated emulsion anti-Aujezsky’s disease and porcine parvovirus infection vaccine based on marker Aujezsky’s disease virus strain and porcine parvovirus strain developed by the FGBI “ARRIAH” for their antigenicity are described in the paper. It is demonstrated that the said vaccines can be used successfully for PRRS and porcine parvovirus infection and Aujezsky’s disease prevention. They are becoming of special significance when used in programs on Aujeszky’s disease control and eradication. The use of the vaccine based on marker Aujeszky’s disease virus strain allows differentiation between the animals that have antibodies to the marker vaccine strain (in the absence of antibodies to the glycoprotein gE in 100% of cases) from the animals with antibodies to field strains of the Aujeszky’s disease virus in their sera. A comprehensive assessment of the use of associated vaccines developed in the FGBI “ARRIAH” (against Aujeszky’s disease based on the marker strain, reproductive and respiratory syndrome, parvovirus infection), in the framework of anti-epidemic measures on a pig farm of the Russian Federation showed their safety, high antigenicity, immunogenicity.
CHANGES IN AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BLOOD PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE DEPENDING ON THE RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION MATERIAL
Authors: Guseva M. N. , Shevchenko М. A. , Bolshakov D. S. , Doronin M. I. , Mikhalishin D. V. , Shishkova A. A. , Mikhalishin V. V.
Published: July 2018

The raw material for blood protein hydrolysate preparation is whole animal blood, its clots and other serum production wastes. The dependence of amino acid composition of blood protein hydrolysate on the season of the raw material preparation was studied. The research lasted three years. It was demonstrated that the amino acid composition changed depending on the season. The peak, as a rule, was during summer months when their amount increased by 1.2–2.3 times and during autumn and winter it went down by 1.2–1.4 times (the difference is considerable, р < 0,05). The peak of glutamic and asparagine acid growth was in November when their amount was 1.4 times higher then during the previous months (р < 0,01). The increase of alanine, asparagine, valine, lysine, methionine, histidine, proline, tyrosine, threonine, and phenylalanine by 1.3–1.8 times was observed in March (the difference is considerable, р < 0,05). The amount of histidine, glycine, leucine, serine, and tryptophane in the beginning of spring was at the same level and the amount of arginine, asparagine, isoleucine in March decreased by 1.2–1.6 times (the difference is considerable, р < 0,01). So, it was determined that the dynamics of BPH amino acid composition was directly associated with the seasonal dynamics of physiological and biochemical cattle blood values. It was noted that in case of considerable change in absolute amino acid parameters their relative amount, in general, remained constant.
Uma Crackolândia de Governador Valadares: abordagem territorial a partir de imagens do sistema de monitoramento Olho Vivo
Authors: Braga Tiago Farias , Santos Mauro Augusto
Published: July 2018

A contemporaneidade é marcada por uma série de problemas sociais cujas dimensões têm desafiado a capacidade de resposta e solução por parte de atores diversos, dentre eles, a comunidade científica. Dentre esses desafios, inclui-se a caracterização adequada dos territórios em que se inserem as crackolândias – o locais que concentram usuários de crack e outras drogas – e as territorialidades vivenciadas nesses espaços. Nesse sentido o objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar um dos principais territórios de usuários de crack em Governador Valadares-MG, mais especificamente a cena de uso próxima ao Mercado Municipal. Procedeu-se à abordagem bibliográfica e documental, destacando-se nesta última a análise das imagens do vídeo monitoramento do Programa “Olho Vivo”, que por suas especificidades, foram analisadas separadamente das demais fontes documentais, e cujos resultados foram o foco deste artigo. Por fim, apresentam-se sugestões para estudos futuros, bem como mudanças de procedimentos e políticas públicas adequadas às singularidades do território em estudo.
The Internet and Increased Citizen Participation in Government
Authors: Milakovich Michael E.
Published: July 2018

What roles do communication systems, information technologies and the internet play in fostering citizen participation and influencing the electoral and administrative decisions of government? The internet is simultaneously a world-wide broadcasting network, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic boundaries or time zones. This article describes the origins of participatory democracy, discusses how modern concepts of democracy link to citizen participation, and describes the ways that newly-created spaces on the internet referred to as “polispheres” are being used by political activists and candidates to facilitate wider collaboration and citizen participation. The following questions are addressed: What role does the internet play in fostering and aiding citizen participation in government? Does increased involvement lead to greater trust and confidence in government? What role did the internet play in apparently reversing downward trends in citizen apathy and drawing 8 million new voters to the United States 2008 presidential election? The article suggests that information technology facilitates broader citizen participation and identifies the challenges facing governments in adopting internet-based ICT strategies.
Pathways and Obstacles to eParticipation at the European level
Authors: Badouard Romain
Published: July 2018

Since the early 2000's, the European Institutions have set up several eParticipation projects. These projects are embedded in different political strategies and are managed by different actors within the institutions. This leads to a wide variety of projects and prevents the European Union to develop a single and concerted strategy in terms of online participation.This paper intends to compare two different models of online consultation : the Commission consultations hosted on the site Your Voice in Europe, and the European Citizens' Consultation 2009. The paper tackles three main subjects : the institutional strategies which frame these sites; the actors that they mobilize; their main and collateral effects. The goal of this synthesis is to identify some key features that fit to the european context, in order to assess the possibilities of sustainability of such political experiments.
Transforming Government's Policy-making Processes
Authors: Johnston Paul
Published: July 2018

We have seen a lot of very welcome progress in terms of making it easier for citizens to input their views into government policy-making processes. However, governments and citizens are now in a similar situation – after a burst of initial enthusiasm, they are not sure what to do next. Governments have struggled to get the mass participation they would like and where significant participation has occurred, have had difficulty integrating it effectively into existing decision-making processes. Citizens have been unsure what to make of this new apparent openness and where they have engaged, have found it hard to know what difference their input made. The solution is to focus on using technology to make existing policy processes more transparent and more participative rather than creating separate e-participation initiatives. The challenge for governments is to open up the whole of the policy process and be prepared to flag up very clearly and explicitly the difference citizen input made. The challenge for e-democracy advocates is to convince policymakers that their ideas can improve the existing policy process rather than simply generating more inputs into it.
European eParticipation developments: from ad hoc experiences towards mass scale engagement
Authors: Rohen Mechthild , Chrissafis Thanassis
Published: July 2018

This article looks at the challenges surrounding the development and mainstreaming of actions in the area of eParticipation in the EU. It analyses the experience of recent years, especially the ones from the eParticipation Preparatory Action, and looks at the latest policy initiatives which affect further developments in Member States and the EU.
Editorial Note: Sustainable E-Participation
Authors: Lührs Rolf , Molinari Francesco
Published: July 2018

What makes eParticipation sustainable? This special issue of JeDEM summarises existing evidence and introduces some authoritative viewpoints on a theme that is gaining relevance and furthering discussion among theorists and practitioners alike. This Issue comprises three invited papers and six refereed articles, the results of which will be briefly presented in this note.
g4c2c: A Model for Citizen Engagement at Arms’ Length from Government
Authors: Bruns Axel , Swift Adam
Published: July 2018

The recognition that Web 2.0 applications and social media sites will strengthen and improve interaction between governments and citizens has resulted in a global push into new e-democracy or Government 2.0 spaces. These typically follow government-to-citizen (g2c) or citizen-to-citizen (c2c) models, but both these approaches are problematic: g2c is often concerned more with service delivery to citizens as clients, or exists to make a show of ‘listening to the public’ rather than to genuinely source citizen ideas for government policy, while c2c often takes place without direct government participation and therefore cannot ensure that the outcomes of citizen deliberations are accepted into the government policy-making process. Building on recent examples of Australian Government 2.0 initiatives, we suggest a new approach based on government support for citizen-to-citizen engagement, or g4c2c, as a workable compromise, and suggest that public service broadcasters should play a key role in facilitating this model of citizen engagement.
“Open”: the changing relation between citizens, public administration, and political authority
Authors: Maier-Rabler Ursula , Huber Stefan
Published: July 2018

"Open" is not just a fancy synonym for transparent and accountable. The "Open" in Open Government, Open Data, Open Information, and Open Innovation stands for the changing relation between citizens and authorities. Many citizens no longer accept the passive stance representative democracy held for them. They take an active approach in setting up better means of collaboration by ICTs. They demand and gain access to their historically grown collective knowledge stored in government data. Not just on a local level, they actively shape the political agenda. Open Government is to be seen in the context of citizens‘ rights: the right to actively participate in the process of agenda-setting and decision-making. Research into open government needs to address the value of the changing relation between citizens, public administration, and political authority. The paper argues finally for the application of the Public Value concept to research into open government.
The two door Perspective: An assessment framework for Open Government
Authors: Sandoval Rodrigo
Published: July 2018

The recent trend of open government in the worlds has created an avalanche of initiatives, metrics, and research paths. However this directions are usually random and disperse. Governments around the world understand the trend with different perspectives, focus and theoretical approaches. Neverthelss the open government perspective is evolving step by step. This paper proposes an assessment framework to contribute on the line of reflection and understand of open government initiatives. And helps policymakers, stakeholders, practicioners and scholars to improve this field and spend public resources in a more accurate way. The paper is structured as follows: an introductory section that leads the open government problem and directions; a second section of literature review; a third section of model proposal and a final section of discussion and future research.
Smart Mobility – Encouraging sustainable mobility behaviour by designing and implementing policies with citizen involvement
Authors: Maier Edith
Published: July 2018

The paper discusses the theoretical concepts, design considerations and preliminary findings from Smart Mobility, a research project currently being undertaken with the City of St. Gallen. The project aims at designing measures to encourage the increased use of public and non-motorised transport by integrating behavioural economic principles into public policy. The extensive involvement of citizens and their participation in the design of the measures are to support their democratic legitimization and later acceptance. The paper describes the energy policies behind the project and outlines the theoretical framework for integrating behavioural insights into public policy. The strategies envisaged include participatory instruments and methods, especially the use of existing social media channels, capitalizing on social processes and norms to increase the motivation of individuals to use public transport, creating an open innovation space by means of crowdsourcing as well as the proper framing of political communication to achieve changes in mobility patterns.
Making the Case for Anonymity in E-Participation - An Evaluation of Real Name Policy in Gütersloh’s Second Participatory Budget
Authors: Ruesch Michelle Anna , Märker Oliver
Published: July 2018

The paper relates the debate about real name policy on social networking platforms and online forums to online moderated consultation processes in the area of e-participation. It analyses the case of the second participatory budget of the German city of Gütersloh. Three major rationales for real name policy in e-participatory projects are identified: the possibility to restrict access, prevention of offensive communication, and the strengthening of a transparent democracy. The five major objections identified are: distraction from issue-related dialogue, violation of privacy rights, administrative problems causing high expenditure of time and costs, negative media and public attention, and usability problems that may result in a low rate of participation. The evidence found indicates that the negative consequences of real name policy outweigh the positive ones. Important directions of further research are pointed out. The paper is an extended version of a paper presented at the Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government in 2012.
Civic Action and Media Perceptions within the Wall: The (Re) Negotiation of Power in China
Authors: Pang Natalie
Published: July 2018

Little has been known about China’s policing of the Internet until recently, when researchers began publishing insights on the types of messages that gets deleted and permitted on various social media platforms, as well as whether or not such moderations are performed automatically. Many discussions have focused on how such efforts may undermine the democratic potential and civic actions that may be empowered and facilitated by the Internet. Two cases discussed in this paper show a different picture: the aftermath of a train collision in Wenzhou in 2011, and an elaborate plan by a company to take out its competition – both utilizing social media. Structuration theory is used to analyse the types of agency, structures, and power negotiations that can be observed in both cases. The paper then reports a survey carried out with 499 participants on their perceptions of both cases, focusing on how trust propensity and types of information may shape their perceptions of media credibility. Results show that trust propensity was only significant in shaping perceptions of credibility for social media, but the types of information is significant in shaping perceptions of credibility for both mainstream and social media. Implications are drawn for media literacy as well as how civic actions function within China.
A Trigger or a Muffler? - Examining the Dynamics of Crosscutting Exposure and Political Expression in Online Social Media
Authors: Bae Soo Young
Published: July 2018

This study explores the potential of online social media to serve as a sphere for political discourse and investigates the extent to which everyday uses of online social networking sites can expose citizens to politically diverse viewpoints.  In addition, this study asks whether such crosscutting exposure in online social networks will act as a trigger or a muffler for political expression – that is, whether exposure political difference will stimulate or discourage political discussions.  With analyses of a sample of online social networking site users in the context of the 2012 presidential election in South Korea, this study explicates the link between crosscutting exposure and citizens’ political expressions in social media.  Results reveal that contrary to the predictions in previous literature, exposure to politically incongruent viewpoints in online social networking sites does not seem to undermine users’ expressive behaviors but instead positively contribute to political expression.  In addition, this study shows the significant role of citizens’ perceptions of candidate support in their own networks, and illustrates that the dynamics of political expression differ significantly depending on the users’ age.
Collective Action “Going Digital”: Overcoming Institutional and Micro-Structural Constraints through Technology Use
Authors: Soon Carol
Published: July 2018

Traditionally, macro-level and micro-level approaches have been used in silos to explain and determine the threshold where one crosses from non-participation to participation in social movements. Technological advancements have enriched but also complicated the process of collective action. This qualitative study is based on the premise that a confluence between political economy approaches, micro-structural analysis and Internet studies is needed to dissect the dynamics behind technology use in collective action. Through in-depth interviews with 26 activist bloggers in Singapore, this study sheds light on how Internet technologies are used by activists to overcome issues of collective incentives, structural proximity and structural availability, and negotiate the institutional terrain.
Open Government Data: Fostering Innovation
Authors: Bedini Ivan , Farazi Feroz , Leoni David , Pane Juan , Tankoyeu Ivan , Leucci Stefano
Published: July 2018

The provision of public information contributes to the enrichment and enhancement of the data produced by the government as part of its activities, and the transformation of heterogeneous data into information and knowledge. This process of opening changes the operational mode of public administrations, leveraging the data management, encouraging savings and especially in promoting the development of services in subsidiary and collaborative form between public and private entities. The demand for new services also promotes renewed entrepreneurship centred on responding to new social and territorial needs through new technologies. In this sense we speak of Open Data as an enabling infrastructure for the development of innovation and as an instrument to the development and diffusion of Innovation and Communications Technology (ICT) in the public system as well as creating space for innovation for businesses, particularly SMEs, based on the exploitation of information assets of the territory. The Open Data Trentino Project has initiated and fosters the process of opening of public information and develops as a natural consequence of this process of openness, the creation of innovative services for and with the citizens. In this paper we present how our project acts on long-chain, from raw data till reusable meaningful and scalable knowledge base that leads to the production of data reuse through the implementation of services that will enhance and transform the data into information capable of responding to specific questions efficiency and innovation.
Open Data: Growing Up and Getting Specific
Authors: Daviees Tim , Janssen Marijn , Schieferdecker Ina
Published: July 2018

Open data has been given a lot of attention in the public. In some situation ‘open by default’ has become established as a core principle, whereas others  argue about the limited results and the lack of robust studies demonstrating the value, and point to the risk that open data might turn out to be a short lived policy fad. This special issue contains a variety of research papers addressing this topic from different views and providing recent research results on open data. The papers in this issue deepen the understanding of open data and show that the subject of open data is moving from the general to the study of specifics. The special issue also includes invited papers presented at the first public meeting of the SharePSI project. Share-PSI 2.0 is the European network for the exchange of experience and ideas around implementing open data policies in the public sector.
Breaking Public Administrations’ Data Silos. The Case of Open-DAI, and a Comparison between Open Data Platforms.
Authors: Iemma Raimondo , Morando Federico , Osella Michele
Published: July 2018

An open reuse of public data and tools can turn the government into a powerful ‘platform’ also involving external innovators. However, the typical information system of a public agency is not open by design. Several public administrations have started adopting technical solutions to overcome this issue, typically in the form of middleware layers operating as ‘buses’ between data centres and the outside world. Open-DAI is an open source platform designed to expose data as services, directly pulling from legacy databases of the data holder. The platform is the result of an ongoing project funded under the EU ICT PSP call 2011. We present the rationale and features of Open-DAI, also through a comparison with three other open data platforms: the Socrata Open Data portal, CKAN, and ENGAGE.
Critical Factors for Open Data Publication and Use: A Comparison of City-level, Regional, and Transnational Cases
Authors: Susha Iryna , Zuiderwijk Anneke , Charalabidis Yannis , Parycek Peter , Janssen Marijn
Published: July 2018

There is a lack of research concerning the factors influencing the success or failure of open data initiatives. Based on the results of two workshops, we provide a list of 47 success factors for open data publication and 18 success factors for open data use.  We further use three case studies (ENGAGE, Open NY, and Open Vienna) to examine how the criticality of factors varies depending on the geographical level and other characteristics of the open data initiative. The cases, representing open data initiatives at city, regional and transnational levels, point at different categories of critical success factors. Our key conclusions are that 1) the criticality of the factors depends considerably on the context of the open data initiative; 2) a number of success factors appear to be more universally applicable than others; 3) the factors that are critical to all three cases are derived from many different success factor categories, which suggests that open data initiatives should adopt an interdisciplinary approach, and 4) further work is needed to detail the success factors for open data publication and use in other contexts.
Assessing the Use of Government Open Data and the Role of Data Infomediaries The Case of Nova Scotia’s Community Counts Program
Authors: Chan Mavis , Johnson Peter , Shookner Malcolm
Published: July 2018

This study examines the Nova Scotia Community Counts program, a common platform that aggregates data from many sources mirroring what is generally considered as government open data. The role of Community Counts as a data infomediary adds additional value for both data providers and users within information-intensive open data ecosystems. While data literacy is a recurring issue in the open data world, Community Counts has been a success case for engaging the wider community, serving as a catalyst to improve data literacy. This study also reveals the importance of harnessing the social benefits of open data, as it provides additional incentive for users to engage in data, thereby increasing open data usage and allowing further value to be realized by a more diverse base of users.
Modelling E-Government Development through the Years Using Cluster Analysis
Authors: Machova Renata , Lnenicka Martin
Published: July 2018

Every e-government development has its supporting factors and various limitations that hinder the implementation of e-government initiatives and further improvement of e-services. This paper examines and evaluates the specific challenges, trends and the progress of e-government between the years 2008 and 2014 in the European Union Member States based on the global e-government development indices. It is focused on the effects and consequences of the European recession, which started as the global financial crisis in 2007 and was followed by the European debt crisis since the end of 2009. The purpose of this research study is to understand the influence of selected indicators on the e-government development in order to uncover similarities and identify areas that were affected by the crisis a need further improvement. The results of this work may be used to introduce more efficient measurements and benchmarking frameworks of the e-government development. The main methods used are descriptive, correlation and cluster analysis.
Open or Closed? Open Licensing of Real-time Public Sector Transit Data
Authors: Scassa Teresa , Diebel Alexandra
Published: July 2018

This paper explores how real-time data are made available as “open data” using municipal transit data as a case study. Many transit authorities in North America and elsewhere have installed technology to gather GPS data in real-time from transit vehicles. These data are in high demand in app developer communities because of their use in communicating predicted, rather than scheduled, transit vehicle arrival times. While many municipalities have chosen to treat real-time GPS data as “open data”, the particular nature of real-time GPS data requires a different mode of access for developers than what is needed for static data files. This, in turn, has created a conflict between the “openness” of the underlying data and the sometimes restrictive terms of use which govern access to the real-time data through transit authority Application Program Interfaces (APIs). This paper explores the implications of these terms of use and considers whether real-time data require a separate standard for openness. While the focus is on the transit data context, the lessons from this area will have broader implications, particularly for open real-time data in the emerging ‘smart cities’ environment.
Developing transparency through digital means? Examining institutional responses to civic technology in Latin America
Authors: Rumbul Rebecca
Published: July 2018

A number of NGOs across the world currently develop digital tools to increase citizen interaction with official information. The successful operation of such tools depends on the expertise and efficiency of the NGO, and the willingness of institutions to disclose suitable information and data. It is this institutional interaction with civic technology that this study  examines. The research explores empirical interview data gathered from government officials, public servants, campaigners and NGO's involved in the development and implementation of civic technologies in Chile, Argentina and Mexico. The findings identify the impact these technologies have had upon government bureaucracy, and the existing barriers to openness created by institutionalised behaviours and norms. Institutionalised attitudes to information rights and conventions are shown to inform the approach that government bureaucracy takes in the provision of information, and institutionalised procedural behaviour is shown to be a factor in frustrating NGOs attempting to implement civic technology.
A Mental Models Perspective on Designing Information Visualizations for Political Communication
Authors: Schreder Guenther , Windhager Florian , Smuc Michael , Mayr Eva
Published: July 2018

Information visualizations (InfoVis) in the context of political communication are designed to convey a broad understanding of socio-political data and their multitude of intricately connected variables to the public. A cognitive framework to explain and empirically study how users acquire and organize their internal representations gained from InfoVis systems with multiple perspectives is still missing. In this paper we discuss the theory of mental models and its consequences for the design and research of InfoVis interfaces. Especially for multidimensional data, it is a challenge to design accessible and conceptually consistent InfoVis interfaces to support the local and global coherence of the recipients’ mental models. In this paper we exemplarily show how specific design features, i.e. advance organizers, narrative visualizations, seamless transitions, and multiple coordinated views can accomplish this in the field of political communication and its complex data.
Multidimensional Open Government Data
Authors: Tambouris Efthimios
Published: July 2018

A large number of open government data concerns official and unofficial statistics. These data can be represented as multidimensional data. In this paper, we commence by presenting data fragmentation, an important challenge when exploiting open data. We thereafter introduce multidimensional data as a possible solution to overcome data fragmentation. More specifically, we outline the data cube model and linked open data technologies. In addition, we present a process for multidimensional linked open data publication and reuse. We also present a number of software tools that have been developed to manage multidimensional linked open data. We finally summarize the benefits and some of the main barriers.
E-Participation in the Philippines: A Capabilities Approach to Socially Inclusive Governance
Authors: Huffman Benjamin David
Published: July 2018

Information and Communication Technologies have the potential to transform the political landscape by engaging citizens in the governance process. Whether citizens find value in utilizing these technologies is contentious. This article examines the capabilities affecting citizen’s opportunities to achieve value through e-Participation in order to establish a framework that can foster these conditions. Previous e-Participation models have failed to capture this quintessence ideal, instead opting to take an access based approach to socially inclusive governance. The Philippines was selected for investigation based on its aggressive push to improve information and communication infrastructure, e-Government services and most notably, e-Participation. The main findings of this article show that Web 2.0 technologies such as Facebook have proven to be strong civic technologies for fostering e-Democracy but the government’s effort to deepen democracy through e-Participation has yet to materialize into value to the common citizen. This is due to inadequately written policies and paper freedoms not translating into real ones. This article breaks way from the traditional access based model for e-Participation by presenting a normative framework which draws on the existential capabilities of citizens. Cultivating e-Participation in such a way can empower citizens and strengthen the state through a deepening of democracy.
Teacher Noticing on Students’ Reasoning of Statistical Variability
Authors:   The Korean School Mathematics Society, Han Chaereen , Kim Hee-jeong , Kwon Oh Nam
Published: July 2018

It arises that teachers' professional competence should be considered not only with a cognitive perspective but also with a situative perspective. In this study, we considered mathematics teachers noticing as situational professional competencies of a mathematics teacher, and explored how mathematics teachers noticing on children’s development of reasoning about variability in a video club has changed with the situative perspective. Findings illustrate that the ‘interpreting’ component among the three components of noticing—attending, interpreting and deciding how to respond—was critically decisive for the change of the participant teachers’ noticing. We also discussed how the video club intervention and the framework of children's’ development of reasoning about variability can support the development of teacher noticing as a professional competence. This study has implications on the design of a video club to improve mathematics teacher noticing.
FOLKLORE AS THE MEANS OF ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY REFLECTION IN BALKAR LITERATURE (BY THE MATERIAL OF A. TEPPEEV’S AND B. GURTUEV’S CREATIVITY)
Authors: Sarbasheva Alena Mustafaevna
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of interaction between folklore and written literature, which is topical in literary criticism. Folklore and poetic motives (in particular, motives of the black fox, wonderful bead) and folklore texts (the historical-heroic song “The Song of Misirbiya”, the song-cry “Big Khozh”), introduced in the artistic structure of the works of the classics of Balkar literature Alim Teppeev and Bert Gurtuev, are considered as the means of reflection of a character’s ethnopsychology, determining the specifics of his / her worldview in the context of reconstructed historical realia. Reference to folklore resources is defined as one of the effective ways of transferring the psycho-emotional state of actors in the narrative. The results of the research allow us to affirm the constructive role of folklore heritage in the solution of the artistic problem of ethnopsychology formation in literature.