bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upward Overshooting in Turbulent Compressible Convection. I. Effects of the Relative Stability Parameter, the Prandtl Number, and the Péclet Number
Authors: Cai Tao
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we investigate the upward overshooting by three-dimensional numerical simulations. We find that the above convectively stable zone can be partitioned into three layers: the thermal adjustment layer (mixing both entropy and material), the turbulent dissipation layer (mixing material but not entropy), and the thermal dissipation layer (mixing neither entropy nor material). The turbulent dissipation layer is separated from the thermal adjustment layer and the thermal dissipation layer by the first and second zero-points of the vertical velocity correlation. The simulation results are in good agreement with the prediction of the one-dimensional turbulent Reynolds stress model. First, the layer structure is similar. Second, the upper boundary of the thermal adjustment layer is close to the peak of the magnitude of the temperature perturbation. Third, the Péclet number at the upper boundary of the turbulent dissipation layer is close to 1. In addition, we have studied the scalings of the overshooting distance on the relative stability parameter S, the Prandtl number Pr, and the Péclet number Pe. The scaling on S is not unique. The trend is that the overshooting distance decreases with S. Fitting on Pr shows that the overshooting distance increases with Pr. Fitting on Pe shows that the overshooting distance decreases with Pe. Finally, we calculate the ratio of the thickness of the turbulent dissipation layer to that of the thermal adjustment layer. The ratio remains almost constant, with an approximate value of 2.4.
A disponibilidade de capital humano e a empregabilidade no setor industrial em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Pogliesi Paz Patrícia , Gonçalves Moreno Rafael , Lamberti Eliana
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral relacionar a qualificação de mão de obra e a empregabilidade no setor industrial em Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Dentre os objetivos específicos, pretende-se realizar uma abordagem teórica sobre a importância da educação superior para o desenvolvimento; identificar os Cursos de Nível Superior (Bacharelado e Tecnólogo) - ofertados pelas Instituições Públicas de MS e a demanda por Nível Superior no setor industrial de MS no período de 2011 a 2015. Para atingir tais objetivos os procedimentos metodológicos compreenderam a realização de revisão de literatura e coleta de dados secundários. A educação constitui-se como elemento fundamental para o desenvolvimento tanto de uma nação quanto de um indivíduo. Por meio da educação é possível expandir as liberdades individuais e garantir o desenvolvimento social, econômico e cultural. O cenário atual do mercado é caracterizado pelos impactos da globalização, tornando-o mais competitivo e global, exigindo dos trabalhadores e empresas, adaptação ao novo paradigma tecnocientífico. Os baixos níveis de escolaridade constituem-se em um entrave para o desenvolvimento. Quanto maior o nível de instrução da sociedade, mais rápida será a disseminação de novas tecnologias, que atualmente constituem-se como a força motriz da concorrência. Os principais resultados apontam que as instituições de ensino superior atendem as vagas demandadas pela indústria no período de 2011 a 2015, contudo, parte significativa das ocupações na indústria de MS neste período não exige formação em nível superior. É premente destacar que a maioria das ocupações na indústria sul-matogrossense estão relacionadas ao segmento do agronegócio.
O planejamento estratégico municipal para uma cidade inteligente sob a ótica do Curitiba 2035 eo Ranking Connected Smart Cities
Authors: Locatelli Silvia Assunção Davet , Vicentin Ivan Carlos
Published: January 2020

Diante dos desafios dos municípios para solucionar os problemas da crescente urbanização e atender aos anseios da sociedade local que demanda maior participação na condução da gestão pública, o tema planejamento estratégico municipal vem ganhando mais espaço nas cidades brasileiras, tendo como um bom exemplo disso o projeto Curitiba 2035 que propõe ações de curto, médio e longo prazo com o desejo de tornar Curitiba uma cidade cada vez mais inteligente para proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida possível a sua população local. As temáticas estratégicas priorizadas pelo Curitiba 2035 estão em consonância com os temas avaliados pelo Ranking Connected Smart Cities que divulga o resultado anual das cidades com melhor possibilidade de desenvolvimento urbano para a construção de um futuro próspero. O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar a posição de Curitiba neste ranking e sua evolução. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, sobre a posição de Curitiba no ranking, nos anos de 2015 a 2018, colhendo dados de documentos públicos e em sítios eletrônicos e comparando as informações obtidas. Os resultados revelaram a evolução do status de Curitiba para a cidade mais inteligente do Brasil e seu grande comprometimento com o planejamento do seu futuro.
Tarification algorithmique et collusion tacite en vertu du droit de la concurrence
Authors: Steppe Richard
Published: January 2020

La tarification algorithmique constitue une pratique omniprésente. Une telle méthode peut catalyser des tarifs très adaptés aux consommateurs et aux circonstances du marché, grâce à sa capacité à traiter une quantité de données beaucoup plus importante dans des délais considérablement réduits. Ces avantages s’accompagnent des dangers d’un comportement collusoire, car les algorithmes peuvent s’engager dans une signalisation avec des systèmes concurrents jusqu’à ce qu’un prix stable ait été établi. Le droit européen de la concurrence n’interdit pas, en principe, la collusion tacite ou l’utilisation d’annonces de prix. Par conséquent, la doctrine préconise parfois l’inclusion de la collusion algorithmique tacite dans le champ d’application du droit de la concurrence. Néanmoins, les algorithmes de prix se sont avérés nécessaires afin de tenir compte des stratégies concurrentielles et pourraient déjà être traités par l’article 101 TFUE. Il est préférable d’utiliser les outils, exceptions et compétences déjà disponibles, et de mieux comprendre les algorithmes de prix dans leurs réalités technologiques, économiques et empiriques.
La régulation des fake news et avis factices sur les plateformes
Authors: Marique Enguerrand , Strowel Alain
Published: January 2020

La contribution examine comment réguler la diffusion de la « désinformation » et des « avis factices » sur les plateformes digitales. Ces deux formes de désordres de l’information qui affectent respectivement les plateformes des réseaux sociaux et de l’économie collaborative résultent des nouvelles formes d’expression et de manifestation en ligne. Toute tentative de régulation nécessite de bien délimiter les pratiques les plus abusives et trompeuses qui seules méritent une attention et une régulation juridique. Cette contribution examine les initiatives ou législations prises par l’Union européenne et les États membres (Allemagne, Belgique, France, Royaume-Uni) pour limiter ces phénomènes. La transparence, notamment sur la source des financements publicitaires ou des avis, peut contribuer à limiter les désordres informationnels. La contribution propose plutôt des modifications de l’architecture des plateformes pour augmenter les coûts de propagation d’informations de mauvaise qualité.
Vers un cadre de la régulation des plateformes ?
Authors: Hatzopoulos Vassilis
Published: January 2020

L’économie des plateformes entraîne la perturbation ( disruption ) des catégories juridiques connues. Le vide réglementaire dans lequel elle a su se développer montre actuellement ses limites. À présent, doit-on adopter des mesures réglementaires « classiques » et, dans l’affirmative, dans quels domaines ? Comment tenir compte des mécanismes puissants d’autorégulation déjà développés par les plateformes et les rendre plus efficaces ? Quel type de régulation externe serait propice pour exploiter au mieux les mécanismes du marché, tout en les mettant au service de l’intérêt général ?
Attenuated Cardiovascular Responses to the Cold Pressor Test in Concussed Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Johnson Blair D. , Sackett James R. , Schlader Zachary J. , Leddy John J.
Published: January 2020

Context

Cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test (CPT) provide information regarding sympathetic function.

Objective

To determine if recently concussed collegiate athletes had blunted cardiovascular responses during the CPT.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 10 symptomatic concussed collegiate athletes (5 men, 5 women; age = 20 ± 2 years) who were within 7 days of diagnosis and 10 healthy control individuals (5 men, 5 women; age = 24 ± 4 years).

Intervention(s)

The participants' right hands were submerged in agitated ice water for 120 seconds (CPT).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Heart rate and blood pressure were continuously measured and averaged at baseline and every 30 seconds during the CPT.

Results

Baseline heart rate and mean arterial pressure were not different between groups. Heart rate increased throughout 90 seconds of the CPT (peak increase at 60 seconds = 16 ± 13 beats/min; P < .001) in healthy control participants but remained unchanged in concussed athletes (peak increase at 60 seconds = 7 ± 10 beats/min; P = .08). We observed no differences between groups for the heart rate response (P > .28). Mean arterial pressure was elevated throughout the CPT starting at 30 seconds (5 ± 7 mm Hg; P = .048) in healthy control individuals (peak increase at 120 seconds = 26 ± 9 mm Hg; P < .001). Mean arterial pressure increased in concussed athletes at 90 seconds (8 ± 8 mm Hg; P = .003) and 120 seconds (12 ± 8 mm Hg; P < .001). Healthy control participants had a greater increase in mean arterial pressure starting at 60 seconds (P < .001) and throughout the CPT than concussed athletes (peak difference at 90 seconds = 25 ± 10 mm Hg and 8 ± 8 mm Hg, respectively; P < .001).

Conclusions

Recently concussed athletes had blunted cardiovascular responses to the CPT, which indicated sympathetic dysfunction.
Particles Matters Accumulation and Anatomical Leaf Properties of Three Tree Species Growing in the Industrial Area in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Toukhy s Al-Toukhy s
Published: January 2020

Particles matters accumulation and anatomical leaf properties of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), and Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis) trees growing in the industrial zone in Jeddah - Saudi Arabia and Hada Al-Shame area (control) was done. The leaf properties of all tree species growing in the industrial and control showed that each stoma had a raised edge over the guard cell region. The guard cells appeared more shrunken on the polluted leaves as compared with unpolluted leave. The results indicated that the most deposition particles on leaf surfaces of all tree species were: soot (C) and soil dust with characteristic matrix elements (Si, Al, Mg, Ca, K); fuel oil particles rich in Al, Si, Ca, and Pb; coal ash particles containing C, Al, Si, K, Ca, S; and Pb. As a result, leaves of those plant species may be used as bio-indicators for the assessment of particular matters in the industrial areas.
Assessment of the Microbial Occupational Work Environment in One Faculty of King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Moawad Mabrouk Ahmed Mohamed Moawad Mabrouk
Published: January 2020

The presence of microorganisms in indoor air can pose serious health problems so; the purpose of the present work was to monitor the different groups of microorganisms including total viable bacteria, Staphylococci, total coliforms, Salmonella and fungi in different sites of the occupational environment (laboratories, offices, corridors and toilets) inside the Faculty of Metrology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The results showed that, the average of total viable bacterial counts in different work laboratories was ranged from 9500 to 23000, Staphylococci counts were ranged from 584 to 11000 and fungi counts were ranged from 383 to 2500 cfu/m3. On the other hand the total viable bacterial counts in work offices varied from 12700 to 26500 cfu/m3, meanwhile Staphylococci counts ranged from 5000 to 9500 cfu/m3 and fungi counts ranged from 1500 to 4833 cfu/m3. Also, the total viable bacterial counts in corridors ranged from 14340 to 23700 cfu/m3, Staphylococci counts ranged from 3167 to 10340 cfu/m3 and fungi counts ranged from 2830 to 5165 cfu/m3. Finally, the average of the total viable bacterial counts in toilets reached 22833 cfu/m3. Meanwhile, Staphylococci counts were 4920 cfu/m3 and fungi counts were 3010 cfu/m3. The highest average of total viable bacterial counts were found in toilets (22833 cfu/m3), the highest average of Staphylococci counts recorded (7811 cfu/m3) in corridors and the highest average of fungi counts were observed in laboratories (4516 cfu/m3). It is clear that the toilets had the highest average of total viable bacterial counts, the corridors had the highest average of Staphylococci counts and laboratories had the highest average of fungi. The microbial groups of coliforms, yeasts and Salmonella were not detected in all sampling sites (laboratories, offices, corridors and toilets). Finally, an attention must be given in the place to protect and enhance the occupational environment and keep health of students and workers well.
Microbial Screening of Groundwater and Surface Water in Agricultural Region Surrounding Al-Madina Al-Monawara
Authors: Naief H. Al-Makishah Naief H. Al-Makishah
Published: January 2020

As a result of various human uses of water, the diseases, associated with the use of contaminated water, would spread due to the presence of toxic chemical elements, in addition to many pathogens in waters that might have been mixed with sewage water or exposed to contamination from various industrial activities near the water source. In this research, (12) different samples were collected from various locations surrounding some farms in Al-Medina Al-Munawwarah area. Samples include underground water (from various wells) in addition to some surface water of unknown sources from spaced locations. Microbial initial validity of the use of these waters tested to investigate the presence of E. coli, and fecal bacteria. The results indicated contamination with E. coli, and fecal bacteria in the surface waters of unknown origin. The results also showed similar contamination in well water samples. These results indicated a variation in the rate of the Most Probable Number (MPN) of bacteria in the wells' samples, in contrast with samples of surface water. The Cd2+,Cr 3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, As 3- Ions were determined. It turned out from the chemical test results that all ions of the toxic aforementioned elements were at low concentrations in comparison with the recommended standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO), but the salinity in all samples was relatively high, in addition to the elevated ratio of iron ions. Based on the results of analysis of these samples, surface and wells' waters were contaminated with E. coli, and fecal bacteria. While the chemical analysis of the samples indicated a lower level of contamination with the toxic elements, the salinity was higher and the content of iron ions was elevated.
Quality and Biochemical Changes of ‘Grand Nain’ Bananas during Shelf Life
Authors: Md. Arfan Ali Md. Arfan Ali
Published: January 2020

. Quality attributes, antioxidant compounds, free radical scavenging capacity (FRSC, DPPH IC50 value) and enzymes activities of ‘Grand Nain’bananas were investigated during shelf life at 20±2oC and 60-70% RH for 7 days. Weight loss, peel color and browning indices increased while, pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), pH and membrane stability index (MSI) decreased during shelf life. Total soluble solid (TSS) concentration increased up to day five then remained stable whereas, vitamin C increased ranged from 5.8 to 8.2 mg 100g-1 fresh weight (FW) during the first two days and then decreased. Total phenols concentration in both peel and pulp increased ranged from 0.19 to 1.64 gkg-1 and 0.17 to 0.59 gkg-1 FW, respectively during shelf life. Total flavonoids firstly increased, remained stable until day five then, decreased in both peel and pulp. It ranged from 0.05 to 0.21 gkg-1 FW and 0.03 to 0.19 gkg-1 FW in peel and pulp, respectively. Both total phenols and flavonoids concentrations were higher in peel than pulp. FRSC in peel remained stable until day five then, sharply decreased (higher DPPH IC50 values) and ranged from 3.83 to 19.43 IC50 values. While, in pulp it decreased (higher DPPH IC50 values) during shelf life and ranged from 4.1 to 13.3 IC50 values. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), polygalacturornase (PG), xylanase and ?-amylase activities in peel and pulp greatly varied during shelf life.
T&T Clark Handbook of Christian Theology and Climate Change
Authors: Conradie Ernst M. , Koster Hilda P.
Published: January 2020

The T&T Clark Handbook to Christian Theology and Climate Change entails a wide-ranging conversation between Christian theology and various other discourses on climate change. Given the far-reaching complicity of "North Atlantic Christianity" in anthropogenic climate change, the question is whether it can still collaborate with and contribute to ongoing mitigation and adaptation efforts. The main essays in this volume are written by leading scholars from within North Atlantic Christianity and addressed primarily to readers in the same context; these essays are critically engaged by respondents situated in other geographic regions, minority communities, non-Christian traditions, or non-theological disciplines.

Structured in seven main parts, the handbook explores: 1) the need for collaboration with disciplines outside of Christian theology to address climate change; 2) the need to find common moral ground for such collaboration; 3) the difficulties posed by collaborating with other Christian traditions from within; 4) the questions that emerge from such collaboration for understanding the story of God’s work; and 5) God’s identity and character; 6) the implications of such collaboration for ecclesial praxis; and 7) concluding reflections examining whether this volume does justice to issues of race, gender, class, other animals, religious diversity, geographical divides and carbon mitigation.

This rich ecumenical, cross-cultural conversation provides a comprehensive and in-depth engagement with the theological and moral challenges raised by anthropogenic climate change.
Contemporary British Women Artists
Authors: Fortnum Rebecca
Published: January 2020

In this illuminating collection of new interviews, some of the most important women artists practising in Britain today talk about their work, their influences and their relationships, sometimes ambivalent, with the art historical canon. Enlightening and frequently entertaining, the interviews, with artists spanning different generations and working in media as diverse as performance art, painting, sculpture, video and installation, give fascinating first-hand insights into both the artists’ lives and the creative process. Fortnum speaks to: Tacita Dean, Tanya Kovats, Christine Borland, Jane Harris, Vanessa Jackson, Tracey Emin, Maria Lalic, Hayley Newman, Sonia Boyce, Emma Kay, Gillian Ayres, Lucy Gunning, Claire Barclay, Maria Chevska, Anya Gallacio, Jemima Stehli, Runa Islam and Paula Rego.
Seeing Things
Authors: Ellis John
Published: January 2020

Television, the author argues, responds to two powerful desires of our age: it makes us witnesses of often traumatic events and it tries - and fails - to provide us with narratives that make sense of the world. The author makes sense of modern television, both by exploring its processes and in terms of its dynamic relationships with the cultures that provide it with raw material. Television, he proposes, offers us multiple ways of understanding the world, yet does not arbitrate between them. He explores this process as one of "working through", whereby television news takes in the chaos and conflict of the world and subsequent programmes of all kinds offer diverse ways of unravelling its confusions, from the psychobabble of talk shows to the open narratives of soaps, documentaries and dramas. By means of this working through, problems are exhausted rather than resolved. The author demonstrates how television's function in its new era is no longer that of building consensus; rather it uses all the means at its disposal, including sophisticated computer graphics, to mediate etween conflicting approaches to our age of uncertainty.
The Bloomsbury Handbook of Popular Music Video Analysis
Authors: Burns Lori A.
Published: January 2020

Music videos promote popular artists in cultural forms that circulate widely across social media networks. With the advent of YouTube in 2005 and the proliferation of handheld technologies and social networking sites, the music video has become available to millions worldwide, and continues to serve as a fertile platform for the debate of issues and themes in popular culture. This volume of essays serves as a foundational handbook for the study and interpretation of the popular music video, with the specific aim of examining the industry contexts, cultural concepts, and aesthetic materials that videos rely upon in order to be both intelligible and meaningful. Easily accessible to viewers in everyday life, music videos offer profound cultural interventions and negotiations while traversing a range of media forms. From a variety of unique perspectives, the contributors to this volume undertake discussions that open up new avenues for exploring the creative changes and developments in music video production. With chapters that address music video authorship, distribution, cultural representations, mediations, aesthetics, and discourses, this study signals a major initiative to provide a deeper understanding of the intersecting and interdisciplinary approaches that are invoked in the analysis of this popular and influential musical form.
Stability problems of pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions
Authors: Kelleci Çakır Burcu , Paloğlu Gülcan , Karababa Çiğdem , Demirkan Kutay , Yiğit Şule
Published: January 2020

Parenteral nutrition (PN) must be considered an intravenous medication, containing over 50 ingredients and additives. Thus, the stability of the final product is always under risk. PN can be received in two ways: from a ready-to-use bag or from an individually tailored bag, both in adults and in pediatric patients. Pediatric PN admixtures are more susceptible than adult PN admixtures due to their nature. Patients who receive PN often need to receive parenteral medications concomitantly, and separate administration is challenging most of the time. Here we report two problems with stability encountered with pediatric PN bags. In the first case, the main focus is on the compatibility of heparin with PN. Compatibility of the medications via the Y-site or a three-way stopcock must be examined in such cases. If the medication is incompatible with PN, administration via the Y-site or addition into the PN mixture should be avoided. Emulsion disruption caused by heparin is a known example of incompatibility for pediatric PN. In the second case, the main focus is on the additives and their amount in the pediatric PN mixture. Compounding pediatric PN is mixing numerous additives in a small volume, which results in a highly concentrated solution that often causes calcium–phosphate precipitation. This may lead to serious consequences, including death. All the possible causes of instability, even the temperature of the environment, must be considered. In pediatric PN solutions, the cooperation between physicians and pharmacists is necessary for maintaining safe nutritional treatment.
Effects of intradialytic parenteral nutrition on antioxidant capacity in hemodialysis patients aged over 60 years
Authors: Olcay Eminsoy İrem , Eminsoy Gökhan
Published: January 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether intradialytic parenteral nutrition can affect the antioxidant capacity of hemodialysis patients aged over 60 years.
Methods: The study comprised 20 participants from the Baskent University Umitkoy Dialysis Center; 10 who had intradialytic parenteral nutrition [IDPN, study group (SG)] that included 500 cc of amino acid solution and 500 cc of dextrose were compared with the group that did not have IDPN for 1 month. The randomly selected group had IDPN. Serum albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, potassium, and phosphorus; weight; body mass index (BMI); hand muscle strength (HMS); and middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured and compared at baseline and at the end of the study between two groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) values of two groups were compared.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the baseline and outcome values of both groups in weight, BMI, HMS, MUAC, BUN, creatinine, potassium, albumin, and cholesterol values during the 1 month period. The SG had 19.97±7.18 kcal/kg/day energy and 0.77±0.21 g/kg/day protein intake. The control group (CG) had 18.66±3.22 kcal/kg/day energy and 0.64±0.11 g/kg/day protein intake. TBARS were 1.84±0.10 μM in the SG and 1.95±0.11 μM in the CG (p=0.031). The mean of TAC was 334.34±23.20 mmol/L in the SG and 290.23±17.72 mmol/L in the CG (p=0.002). The mean of GSH-Px was 305.63±35.31 U/L in the SG and 244.80±17.66 U/L in the CG (p=0.001). The mean of TNF-α was 171.24±25.37 pg/mL in the SG and 193.85±11.82 in the CG (p=0.017).
Conclusion: Results suggest that energy and protein intake were very low in both groups. TBARS and TNF-α were lower in the SG than in the CG. TAC and GSH-Px were higher in the SG than in the CG. IDPN can be used both to increase the protein and energy intake and antioxidant capacity for patients aged over 60 years.
Drug-induced nutritional disorders
Authors: Yalçın Nadir , Armut Merve , Kelleci Çakır Burcu , Demirkan Kutay
Published: January 2020

Nutritional disorders include malnutrition and inadequate nutrition, overweight and obesity, micronutrient disorders and refeeding syndrome. According to the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, sarcopenia and fragility are nutrition-related conditions with complex and multiple pathogenic infrastructure. Inadequate nutrition is also considered as protein-energy malnutrition and is often accompanied by micronutrient as well as macronutrient deficiencies. Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are essential nutrients that provide energy to the body and aid in growth. Micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and trace elements are necessary for many special functions in the body. Meanwhile, drug intake can lead to increased morbidity and mortality and decreased quality of life by causing malnutrition through various mechanisms. The pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties of drugs can affect the intake, digestion, absorption, storage, metabolism, and elimination of nutrients, causing imbalance in the amount of nutrients required in the body. Polypharmacy makes this situation even more risky. Many of the patients’ symptoms or complaints received by physicians in their daily practice are associated with drug-induced nutritional disorders. When evaluating symptoms, physicians should also assess whether the symptoms are related to the disease, drug side effects, or drug-induced nutritional disorders. Instead of thinking that the resulting symptoms are simply “part of the disease” or “old age” and starting to take additional medication to resolve them, physicians should focus thoroughly on the event and examine what problems that the drugs used may cause in patients and the underlying reasons for deciding what they can do to eliminate them. This intervention should be investigated. Hence, this review aimed to explore the importance of the subject by mentioning the mechanisms of the negative effects of drugs on nutrition and providing examples of commonly used drugs.
Significant production of ClNO2 and possible source of Cl2 from N2O5 uptake at a suburban site in eastern China
Authors: Xia Men , Peng Xiang , Wang Weihao , Yu Chuan , Sun Peng , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Yuliang , Xu Zhengning , Wang Zhe , Xu Zheng , Nie Wei , Ding Aijun , Wang Tao
Published: January 2020

Abstract. ClNO2 and Cl2 can affect atmospheric oxidation and thereby the formation of ozone and secondary aerosols, yet their sources and production mechanisms are not well understood or quantified. In this study we present field observations of ClNO2 and Cl2 at a suburban site in eastern China during April 2018. Persistent high levels of ClNO2 (maximum ~ 3.7 ppbv; 1 min average) were frequently observed at night, due to the high ClNO2 yield (φ(ClNO2), 0.56 ± 0.20) inferred from the measurements. The φ(ClNO2) value showed a positive correlation with the [Cl−]/[H2O] ratio, and its parameterization was improved by the incorporation of [Cl−]/[H2O] and the suppression effect of aerosol organics. ClNO2 and Cl2 showed a significant correlation on most nights. We show that the Cl2 at our site was likely a co-product with ClNO2 from N2O5 uptake on aerosols that contain acidic chloride, rather than being produced by ClNO2 uptake, as previously suggested. The Cl2 yield (φ(Cl2)) derived from the N2O5 uptake hypothesis exhibited significant correlations with [Cl−] and [H+], based on which a parameterization of φ(Cl2) was developed. The derived parameterizations of φ(ClNO2) and φ(Cl2) can be used in models to quantify the nighttime production of ClNO2 and Cl2 and their impact on the next day’s photochemistry.
Simulating stable carbon isotopes in the ocean component of the
FAMOUS General Circulation Model with MOSES1 (XOAVI)
Authors: Dentith Jennifer E. , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Gregoire Lauren J. , Tindall Julia C. , Robinson Laura F.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Isotopic ratios are often utilised as proxies for ocean circulation and the marine carbon cycle. However, interpreting these records is non-trivial because they reflect a complex interplay between physical and biogeochemical processes. By directly simulating multiple isotopic tracer fields within numerical models, we can improve our understanding of the processes that control large-scale isotope distributions and interpolate the spatiotemporal gaps in both modern and palaeo datasets. We have added the stable isotope 13C to the ocean component of the FAMOUS coupled atmosphere-ocean General Circulation Model, which is a valuable tool for simulating complex feedbacks between different Earth System processes on decadal to multi-millennial timescales. We tested three different biological fractionation parameterisations to account for the uncertainty associated with equilibrium fractionation during photosynthesis and used sensitivity experiments to quantify the effects of fractionation during air-sea gas exchange and primary productivity on the simulated δ13CDIC distributions. Following a 10,000 year pre-industrial spin-up, we simulated the Suess effect (the isotopic imprint of anthropogenic fossil fuel burning) to assess the performance of the model in replicating modern observations. Our implementation captures the large-scale structure and range of δ13CDIC observations in the surface ocean, but the simulated values are too high at all depths, which we infer is due to biases in the biological pump. In the first instance, the new 13C tracer will therefore be useful for recalibrating both the physical and biogeochemical components of FAMOUS.
Autonomous Vehicles: A Future Fast Approaching With No One Behind the Wheel
Authors: Bollman Sean
Published: January 2020

Driverless automobiles may redefine public safety and efficiency, while turning the automobile industry on its head. These innovative machines will pose a challenge to regulatory schemes spanning from transportation and insurance to products liability and internet laws. Enormous companies like BMW, Audi, Uber, and Google have already taken part in placing this rapidly growing technology into consumer hands. The rift that this innovation will create in other industries, coupled with the safety and privacy concerns surrounding its design, will be the catalyst for contentious legislative and legal debates. This Note will explore the ways in which industry flexibility, state and federal involvement, and clearer regulations may be carefully balanced to help the driverless car industry stay on the road. Part one will address the development and historical challenges of driverless vehicles, while parts two and three will look at potential solutions to these challenges.
Policies to Foster Entrepreneurship: Elements from the European Experience in the Integrated Micro-Meso-Macro Analytical Perspective
Authors: Vlados Charis , Chatzinikolaou Dimos , Demertzis Michail
Published: January 2020

This article aims to present entrepreneurship policy practices from a micro, meso, and macro dimension to identify if there are signs of divergence or convergence in public intervention and policy of different European countries. To this end, it analyzes first the contemporary significance of entrepreneurship enhancement policies and, second, their relation to multilevel analysis. After proposing a repositioned and compound multilevel approach (micro-meso-macro) of the socio-economic system in terms of the “competitiveness web,” it uses as a case study different countries of the European South affected by the economic crisis and presents their political reforms over the last years. According to the findings of the research, it appears that development initiatives and regulations of these countries primarily focus on macro-economic and macro-social measures to enhance the potential of their business environment. On the contrary, an integrated policy in the context of the “competitiveness web” that takes into account all levels of space and different forms of developmental challenges by focusing primarily on the dynamics of innovative aptitude of the firms seems relatively underused until today. As a result, many firms and local business ecosystems maintain and reproduce their inability to grow and sustain their competitiveness in the current phase of restructuring of globalization, despite a wide variety of entrepreneurship enhancement policies.
ALLERGY AND SECRETORY OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: Sankovic-Babic Snezana , Atanaskovic-Markovic Marina , Kosanovic Rade
Published: January 2020

Introduction: According to recent studies the role of allergy in ethipathogenesis of secretory otitis media is the leading one.The incidence of allergy in secretory otitis media varies from 57% to 100% according to recent studies.The allergic inflammation of the middle aer mucosa is of Th 2 type inflammation of respiratory mucosa.Increased number of activated mast cells, mastocyte tryptase, eosinophyllic cationic protein and mRNA for IL 5 were found in mucosa and effusion in SOM. The aim of this sudy was to investigate the presence of allergies in children with secertory otitis media and to follow up the outcome after antoallergic therapy. Patients and Methods: In this study 71 children with SOM entered the diagnostic procedure for allergy tests. Clinical examination by alergologist, skin prick test, sIgE, eosinophils in nasal lavage were performed.Allergy management was introduced in group of 38 (54%) children with diagnosis of allergy and secretory otitis media. Antihistamines, intranasal cortocosteroids, and elimination of identified antigen were the first line therapy . Results: After follow up period of three months in 21(47%) children out of 38 with allergy an secretory otitis the complete recovery of middle ear function was seen. After follow up period of 6 months in 27 (61%) children was noticed complete recovery and the rest of 17 children underwent surgical therapy. Discussion and Conclusion: Allergy screening is not conventional tool in diagnosis of secretorz otiti media. The results of this study as well as results of other clinicall studies implies to introduction allergzy tests in clonicall diagnostic procedure Antiallergic therapy can contribute to conservative management of disease and decrease the number of patient for surgical therapy.
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
Authors: Igic Rajko
Published: January 2020

The renin-angiotesin system (RAS) was initially recognized as the body’s most powerful hormone system for controlling body fluid volumes and arterial pressure. Then, it was shown that the RAS operates at both systemic (endocrine) and tissue (local) level. Development of ACE inhibitors proved that the RAS is effective in controlling hypertension and heart failure, and in preventing the vascular injury in chronic diseases. The success of ACE inhibitors stimulated research into inhibitors of other components of this system. Major challenge in the future will be to utilize the technological advances for better understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the RAS, and to develop new therapeutic paradigms. This article briefly reviews the research in this area, and points out the seventieth anniversary of angiotensin.
Anosognosia in acute stroke and functional recovery after stroke
Authors: Vidović Mirjana , Burina Adnan , Ć. Ibrahimagić Omer , Smajlović Dževdet
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate anosognosia in acute stroke phase in order to type of stroke (ischemia, hemorrhage) and stroke localization as well as post-stroke patients recovery. Subjects and methods: In this prospective analysis were included 191 patients (96 males and 95 females) with first-ever stroke who were treated at the Department of neurology of the University Clinical Center in Tuzla. All patients were tested to anosognosia presence in acute stroke phase according to the modified Bisiach scale (7), while the level of disability was assessed using the Rankin scale (8) and level of functioning in daily activities using the Barthel index (9). Re-testing was done in week five post-stroke. Results: The average age of patients was 66.41 (mean age 10.21). Ischemic stroke had 168 patients (88%) while 23 (12%) the hemorrhagic one. The lesions localized to the right hemisphere were in 111 (58.11%) patients as well as in 80 (41.89%) patients with lesions localized to the left hemisphere. Anosognosia with no statistical significance was verified in 28% of patients in acute stroke phase, more often caused by lesions to the right hemisphere. Otherwise, significantly more frequent anosognosia was present in patients with hemorrhagic stroke mostly caused by massive lesions localized to the right hemisphere. Conclusion: Presence of anosognosia in patients with stroke vitally influenced patient’s functional status in re-testing phase just as well as in the acute stroke phase.
Microalbuminuria as an independent risk factor for heart failure in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Karić Enisa , Kušljugić Zumreta , Ramić Enisa , Batić- Mujanović Olivera , Bajraktarević Amila , Hudić Dizdarević Larisa , Kušljugić Sabina , Karić Ena , Musić Miralem
Published: January 2020

Introduction:The study evaluated of microalbuminuria as a predictor of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.Materials and methods:The prospective study conducted in a period of time from 01-Feb-2007 to 01-Feb-2010.The study included 100 patients with type 2 diabetes, who had diabetes longer than 5 years. All subjects (average age 66 ± 10 years, 33% male, 67% female) were tested for the presence of microalbuminuria, and 50 patients had microalbuminuria. The second group comprised 50 patients without of microalbuminuria with diabetes mellitus type 2.Results:In the patients with microalbuminuria and diabetes mellitus were found 22% of heart failure and 6% in the second group. Average time to the occurance of heart failure in the first group was 32,5 months, in the second group was 35,3 months.Conclusions:The results show that microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and microalbuminuria. Patients without microalbuminuria had 3,7 less likely to development heart failure compared to patients with microalbuminuria and diabetes mellitus.
Relationship between Types of Forced Laughter and Mental Health: Mediating Effects of Social Support and Self-Concept Clarity
Authors: Tsukawaki Ryota , Imura Tomoya
Published: January 2020

We explored the relationship between four types of forced laughter (expression control, intimacy maintenance, action control, and affect manipulation) and mental health as well as the mediating effects of social support and self-concept clarity. The Forced Laughter Scale (FLS), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MPSS), and Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCC) were completed by 184 (63 male, 119 female) Japanese university students. The results of investigating the relationships between the four types of forced laughter and mental health demonstrated that expression control had a negative correlation with mental health, while intimacy maintenance had a positive correlation. Affect manipulation and action control did not demonstrate significant correlations. Mediation analysis revealed that the negative correlation between expression control and mental health can be explained by a low level of perceived social support and self-concept clarity. Conversely, it was revealed that the positive correlation between intimacy maintenance and mental health can be explained by a high level of perceived social support. This study found that forced laughter in daily life can have both positive and negative correlations with mental health depending on the situation in which one forces a laugh and their intention for doing so.
Satisfaction Levels of Sports Event Participants
Authors: Gokce Huseyin , Bozyigit Elif
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study is to compare the satisfaction levels of the participants, participating in the sports festival according to some variables. The survey was conducted to 1,274 people randomly selected among approximately 55,000 participants who participated in the sports festival organized by a municipality in Denizli-Turkey. As a data collection tools “Personal Information Form” prepared by the researchers and the “Festival Satisfaction Survey” which was developed by Yoon et al. (2010) and adopted into Turkish by Tayfun and Arslan (2013). The data collection forms applied to the participants during the festival and the data were checked in terms of normal distributions in the statistical analysis program and analyzed by using independent samples T test and ANOVA analysis methods. As a result of the analysis, male participants perceived a significant level of satisfaction in the sub-dimensions of program, value, satisfaction and loyalty from the questionnaire. A significant difference was found in the sub-dimensions of knowledge, value, satisfaction, and loyalty in the examination conducted by occupational groups. It is seen that this difference is caused by the public employees’ higher satisfaction level. Another hypothesis of the study was to compare the satisfaction of participants according to their educational status. Significant differences were found in the sub-dimensions of knowledge, value, satisfaction, loyalty. It is seen that reason for the statistically meaningful difference, primary school graduates feel lower satisfaction from the festival in terms of education level. As a result, it is thought that participants of the sport festivals feel different satisfaction in terms of their gender, education status and working situation and while planning that kind of events these characteristics must be taken into consideration.
Challenges and Drawbacks in the Marketisation of Higher Education Within Neoliberalism
Authors: Cerro Santamaría Gerardo del
Published: January 2020

This paper addresses some of the challenges and drawbacks associated to the ongoing worldwide process of marketization (neoliberalization) in higher education. Neoliberalism—the prevailing model of capitalist thinking based on the Washington Consensus—has conveyed the idea that a new educational and university model must emerge in order to meet the demands of a global productive system that is radically different from that of just a few decades ago. The overall argument put forward is that the requirements, particularly the managerial and labor force needs of a new economy—already developing within the parameters of globalization and the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs)—cannot be adequately satisfied under the approaches and methods used by a traditional university. Neoliberalism affects the telos of higher education by redefining the very meaning of higher education. It dislocates education by commodifying its intrinsic value and emphasizing directly transferable skills and competencies. Nonmonetary values are marginalized and, with them, the nonmonetary ethos that is essential in sustaining a healthy democratic society. In this paper I will address (1) some of the problems and shortcomings in the triple-helix model of university-industry-government collaborations, (2) the transformation of students into customers and faculty into entrepreneurial workers, highlighting the many drawbacks of such strategies, (3) the hegemony of rankings as procedures of surveillance and control, (4) the many criticisms posed against neoliberalization in higher education and the possible alternatives looking to the future.
The European Union and Space
Authors: Papadopoulou Rebecca-Emmanuela
Published: January 2020

The European Union and Space: A ‘Star Wars’ Saga?

This article explores the complex relationship between the European Union (EU) and space, alias space’s ever-growing place and role in the EU legal order. Two distinct paths are identified in this respect. On the one hand, as from the mid-1980s and despite the lack of an express ‘space competence’, space policy parameters were introduced in EU acts regulating telecommunications, satellite communications and electronic databases, but only to the extent necessary to serve the functioning of the single market. On the other hand, an autonomous EU Space Policy has been progressively elaborated as from the late 1990s through several initiatives, namely the strengthening of the collaboration with the European Space Agency and the setting up of the Galileo and Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES)/Copernicus programmes. This tendency was corroborated by the conferral of an express space competence on the EU by the Lisbon Treaty, whose constitutional and institutional implications are explored in this article. It is submitted that the new space competence shall allow the EU to reach a stage of maturity and claim a greater degree of autonomy at the international level and, at the same time, to project its own governance model, thus enhancing the quality of international cooperation in space.
Het Unierecht komt eraan in strafzaken: bewijsuitsluiting verplicht bij Handvest-schending?
Authors: van der Woude S.J.
Published: January 2020

Het Unierecht komt eraan in strafzaken: bewijsuitsluiting verplicht bij Handvest-schending? Bespreking van het arrest Dzivev

Het recht van de Europese Unie is lange tijd weinig populair geweest onder strafrechtadvocaten. Het was abstract, moeilijk te vinden, en betrof voornamelijk economische verhoudingen. In commune strafzaken vielen er nauwelijks verweren aan te ontlenen. Het Unierecht begint echter steeds relevanter te worden voor de algemene strafrechtspraktijk. In het arrest van 17 januari 2019 inzake Dzivev e.a./Bulgarije accepteerde het Hof van Justitie de uitsluiting van onrechtmatig verkregen tapgesprekken van de bewijsvoering. Betekent dit dat bewijsuitsluiting soms ook verplicht is, zoals sommigen beweren? Dat zou grote gevolgen kunnen hebben voor de Nederlandse strafrechtpraktijk. Een bespiegeling naar aanleiding van het arrest.

HvJ 17 januari 2019, zaak C-310/16, Dzivev e.a./Bulgarije, ECLI:EU:C:2019:30