bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing mobile digital radiography for detection of thoracolumbar vertebrae traits in live donkeys
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Zahoor Khan Muhammad , Liu Ziwen , Wang Tianqi , Shi Xiaoyuan , Ren Wei , Zhan Yandong , Wang Changfa
Published: February 2024

It has been well-established that the number of vertebrae is associated with body size and meat productivity. In current study we utilized a digital radiography (DR) technology to detect the number of thoracolumbar vertebrae in live donkeys. For this purpose, we introduced for the first time a groundbreaking device designed by our team for assessing thoracolumbar vertebrae number traits in equids, employing a sample of 1,000 donkeys sourced from five distinct donkey farms. This assessment incorporates a range of crucial body metrics, including body height, length, and various other measurements. Subsequently, our study determined the number of thoracolumbar vertebrae in 112 donkeys, utilizing the DR system. These findings were further validated through post-mortem evaluations conducted by slaughtering the donkeys. Our findings demonstrated a remarkable resemblance between the thoracolumbar vertebrae numbers visualized through the DR system in live donkeys and those obtained via slaughter verification. In conclusion, this research underscores the accuracy and effectiveness of the DR system for the detection of thoracolumbar vertebrae in live donkeys, which might be helpful for assessing the body size and meat productivity. We also recommended the utilization of DR system for counting thoracolumbar vertebrae in other animals in live state and could be a useful addition to livestock business industry for the prediction of body size and meat productivity efficiency.
Influence of dietary supplementation with Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on sperm quality in dogs
Authors: Gattuso Debora Teresa , Polisca Angela , Interlandi Claudia Dina , Rizzo Maria , Tabbì Marco , Giudice Elisabetta , Cristarella Santo , Rifici Claudia , Quartuccio Marco , Zappone Viola
Published: February 2024

Maca is a traditional Andean crop used as a nutraceutical for the fertility-enhancing properties that are linked with antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the potential beneficial effects of oral Maca (Lepidium meyenii or Lepidium peruvianum) supplementation in improving reproductive performance in male dogs. Forty-eight male dogs of different breeds were enrolled in the study, fed the same maintenance diet, and exposed to the same environmental conditions. The subjects were divided into four groups of 12 dogs each: Subfertile treatment group, Subfertile control group, Normofertile treatment group, and Normofertile control group. The dogs in the treatment groups received Lepidium meyenii in their diet in a capsule formulation [75 mg/kg Maca extract 10:1, thickening agent (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), ground rice], while the control groups received placebo capsule (starch). For each subject included in the study, the spermiogram was analyzed at three time points of the sperm cycle: at day 0 (T0), day 31 (T31), and day 62 (T62). Dietary supplementation with Maca in subfertile subjects resulted in a significant increase in ejaculate volume and total sperm count compared to the control group. This increase was also observed in normofertile subjects in the treatment group. In addition, total and progressive motility as well as sperm morphology were significantly improved in the groups treated with Maca compared to the control groups. The results thus highlight, for the first time, the potential efficacy of supplementation with 75 mg/kg of Maca extract daily in improving semen quality in dogs.
Effects of Biodegradable Plastic Film Mulching on the Global Warming Potential, Carbon Footprint, and Economic Benefits of Garlic Production
Authors: Chen Qian , Hu Naijuan , Zhang Qian , Sun Hongwu , Zhu Liqun
Published: February 2024

This paper clarifies the farm applicability and feasibility of spreading biodegradable plastic film mulching for garlic production to ensure the green and sustainable development of the garlic industry. We set up a field trial of garlic planting with biodegradable plastic film mulching (BM) and plastic film mulching (PM), using no film mulching (CK) as the control, and measured CH4 and N2O emissions in the garlic fields. The yield-scaled global warming potential, carbon footprint, and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) were used to assess the comprehensive impact of the different treatments. Compared to the CK, film mulching significantly increased CH4 absorption, with significantly higher seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions (20.5%) in BM than PM, but significantly increased N2O emissions, with significantly lower seasonal cumulative N2O emissions (23.53%) in BM than PM. Both BM and PM improved garlic yield, with PM significantly increasing garlic yield by 18.86% compared to the CK. Moreover, film mulching significantly decreased the yield-scaled global warming potential (by 52.06% and 40.82% in PM and BM, respectively). PM had a significantly higher carbon footprint than BM. Film mulching improved NEEB by 9.29–11.78%. Considering crop yields and environmental benefits, we propose BM as an effective method for a green and efficient garlic production.
Potential of Organic Acids, Essential Oils and Their Blends in Pig Diets as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters
Authors: Nhara Rumbidzai Blessing , Marume Upenyu , Nantapo Carlos Wyson Tawanda
Published: February 2024

Over the years, the use of management and feeding strategies to enhance pig productivity while minimizing the use of antibiotic growth promoters has grown. Antibiotic growth promoters have been widely used as feed additives to reduce diet-related stress and improve pig performance. However, increasing concern about the consequences of long-term and increased use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal production has led to a paradigm shift towards the use of natural organic alternatives such as plant essential oils and organic acids in pig nutrition to enhance growth. Antibiotic growth promoters endanger human health by allowing multidrug-resistant genes to be transferred horizontally from non-pathogenic to pathogenic bacteria, as well as directly between animals and humans. Scientific research shows that alternative growth promoters such as essential oils and organic acids appear to improve pigs’ ability to prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the intestinal system, stabilizing the gut microflora and promoting eubiosis, as well as improving immunity and antioxidant stability. The purpose of this review was to provide an in-depth review of organic acids and essential oils as growth promoters in pig production, as well as their effects on productivity and meat quality. Organic acids and essential oils in pig diets are a safe way to improve pig performance and welfare while producing antibiotic-free pork.
A Smoke Chamber Study on Some Low-Cost Sensors for Monitoring Size-Segregated Aerosol and Microclimatic Parameters
Authors: Bencs László , Nagy Attila
Published: February 2024

Low-cost sensors (LCSs) of Geekcreit PM1/PM2.5/PM10 (based on a PMS5003 sampler) and BOHU BH-1 models A3 and B3 (based on a Pando G7 sampler) were compared for different aerosol size ranges using a research-grade instrument (Grimm 1.109) under controlled laboratory conditions. An aerosol generator was utilized to produce various sizes of monodispersed particulate matter (PM), which was introduced into a laboratory smoke chamber under resistance heating/cooling and/or varying RH conditions. In addition, the accuracy of the air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) sensors of the LCSs were assessed against calibrated, laboratory-grade instruments. The study LCSs showed generally accurate readings for PM2.5, irrespectively of the slow T and/or RH changes, which provided apt conditions for accurate calibration slopes (S) and low intercepts/bias (b) of the linear fits. On the other hand, PM1 and PM10 readings slightly deviated from those observed with the reference monitor, likely due to the lower detection efficacy of the LCSs towards fine and coarse PM. Varying RH influenced the S and b values, showing its impact on the detection efficacy of LCSs. Under low/medium RH, homoscedastic calibration curves of PMx were found, whereas rather heteroscedastic calibration plots were observed at high RH. For T calibration, low RH in the smoke chamber provided more reproducible conditions in terms of lower measurement bias for LCSs as recorded against a calibrated, reference-grade thermometer.
Hybrid Effect of Basalt and Polyacrylonitrile Fibers on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Tailing Mortar
Authors: Xu Jianbo , Pi Zhijie , Huang Shibing , Liu Yanzhang , Chen Ziwen , Shen Yongqi
Published: February 2024

In this study, 50% iron ore tailings (IOTs) were used to prepare the cemented mortar at low economic costs and with great environmental benefits. Basalt fiber (BF) and polyacrylonitrile fiber (PANF) were added to the tailing mortar to improve the comprehensive performance of tailing mortars, including BF (0~0.5%), PANF (0~0.05%) and the combination of them. The results show that the addition of BF and PANF can significantly improve the ultrasonic velocity, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), split-tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS) and toughness of the tailing mortar. A novel finding is that the enhancement of hybrid fibers is much better than single fiber, and the best hybrid fiber combination is B0.25P0.05 (0.25 wt% BF and 0.05 wt% PANF), because this combination not only causes the most considerable increase in strength but also possesses great cost-effectiveness. Compared to the B0P0 group without fibers, the maximum increments of B0.25P0.05 in UCS, STS and FS are 45.74%, 52.33% and 15.65%, respectively. It is evidenced that the improvement in STS is the largest because the fibers have good cracking resistance and bridging effect in the tailing mortar. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) further confirms that too many hybrid fibers will agglomerate and produce more voids, which is harmful to the development of the internal structure. Beyond B0.25P0.05, the hydration products are also reduced due to the decrease in nucleation sites, observed by combining X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. Therefore, it is suggested that the hybrid fibers containing 0.25% BF and 0.05% PANF should be used in this tailing mortar.
Multiscale Finite Element Modeling of the Effect of Macro-Encapsulated Phase-Change Materials on the Thermal Performance of Hydronic Floor Heating Systems
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulrahman A.
Published: February 2024

Phase-change materials (PCMs) are commonly employed in building service equipment to regulate indoor temperatures and reduce energy consumption. This study conducted multi-scale finite element modeling to analyze the steady-state and dynamic thermal behavior of a hydronic radiant floor heating system integrated with macro-encapsulated PCMs. It predicted performance values for hydronic floor heating with and without macro-encapsulated PCMs. The study assessed the impact of the PCM volume fraction, heating water temperature, capsule thermal conductivity, and shape on the thermal performance of hydronic floor heating through various finite element models. The predictive capability of the finite element model was validated using experimental data, showing good agreement. Although the inclusion of PCMs lowered the floor temperature, it improved temperature distribution and retained heat when the system was inactive. The PCM volume fraction significantly influenced the performance of the hydronic floor. However, the shape of the macro-encapsulated PCM and thermal conductivity of the shell had minimal effects in the studied case. For instance, increasing the thermal conductivity of the shell of the PCM capsule fifty times from 0.3 to 15 W m−1 K−1 resulted in an increase in surface temperature by 1.2 °C.
Effect of Carrier Materials for Active Silver in Antibacterial Powder Coatings
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Cui Jixing , Yang Jiayuan , Yan Hui , Zhu Xinping , Shao Yuanyuan , Zhang Hui , Zhu Jesse
Published: February 2024

Environmentally friendly powder coatings which have the advantages of being VOC-free, low-cost, and high-efficiency with a high recovery rate have been attracting increasing research attention. The introduction of antibacterial agents into the powder coatings endows them with a capacity to kill bacteria and viruses on the surface of objects; additionally, this enables them to inhibit the indirect transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. Silver, possessing broad-spectrum, strong, and stable antibacterial properties, is considered to be a promising antibacterial material for use in coating applications. Carrier materials for active silver play an important role in its activity and stability. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on the effects of different types of carriers in such coating systems, especially in green powder coating systems. In this paper, we investigated two types of carriers for active silver agents: zeolite, i.e., Linde type A (LTA) zeolite and Y-type zeolite; clay-based materials, i.e., montmorillonite and vermiculite. All the agents showed high antibacterial activity, with antibacterial rates of over 99% as compared to commercial agents. Among the four agents, the Ag-LTA zeolite antimicrobial agent showed a reduction rate of over 99.99%; additionally, it maintained a reduction rate of 99% after seven washing cycles. Thus, this agent was demonstrated to have the highest effectiveness and high durability; these features can be attributed to the high silver content and small particle size. The LTA zeolite also provides a protective effect for silver ions, protecting them from reduction, due to the restriction of elemental silver formation within the confined interior space of the α-cage structure. The Y-type zeolite antimicrobial agent exhibited a slightly lower antimicrobial performance due to its higher silicon-to-aluminum ratio and its lower cation exchange capacity. Comparatively, antimicrobial agents utilizing clay-based carriers have lower cation exchange capacity, resulting in poorer antimicrobial effectiveness than zeolite carriers. In addition, silver loaded on clay-based materials is prone to detach from the carrier and undergo a reduction reaction, making the coating yellowish in color. This study first provides information on the roles of different types of carriers in powder coating systems; then, this information guides the selection of carriers for active silver for the development of efficient antimicrobial agents and coatings.
A New Approach for Determining Rubber Enveloping on Pavement and Its Implications for Friction Estimation
Authors: Yun Di , Tang Cheng , Sandberg Ulf , Ran Maoping , Zhou Xinglin , Gao Jie , Hu Liqun
Published: February 2024

The depth to which the pavement texture is enveloped by the tire tread rubber (d) is an important parameter related to contact performance. This study presents a new method (S-BAC), which relies on the ratio between the real contact area and the nominal tire-pavement contact area (S) and the bearing area curve (BAC), to measure the depth on pavements. The tire-pavement contact was simulated by contact between a non-patterned rubber block and pavement specimens. After analyzing the affecting factors, the new method was compared with previous methods by the d values and the application on the relationship between pavement texture parameters and friction. The results reveal that though there is a linear regression between the d obtained with the S-BAC and previous methods, the d values obtained with different methods differ. Applying the S-BAC method can strengthen the relationship between texture parameters and friction more than other methods.
Facile Synthesis of a Broad Range of Colloidal Nanocrystals by Membrane-Mediated pH Gradient under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Ranjbar Bahadori Shahab , Hart Ryan , Mulgaonkar Aditi , Wang Yunfeng , Fuentes Samuel , Hong Yi , Cao Ye , Jiang Jiechao , Sun Xiankai , Hao Yaowu
Published: February 2024

We report a simple synthesis process for a wide variety of ultrasmall nanocrystals. Simply immersing a dialysis bag containing an aqueous solution of a metal salt mixed with citric acid in a NaOH solution reservoir for 10 min, nanocrystals measuring only a few nanometers in size are formed inside the dialysis bag. We demonstrated the synthesis of ultrasmall nanocrystals of Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Cu2O, FeO, and CeO2, and found that the gradual change in pH caused by the diffusion of OH− ions through the dialysis membrane played an essential role in the formation of these nanocrystals. This method can be readily adapted for almost all transition metal elements, providing researchers in the fields of catalysis and nanomedicine an easy access to a wide range of ultrasmall metal and oxide nanocrystals.
A Sub-1-V Nanopower MOS-Only Voltage Reference
Authors: Wang Siqi , Lu Zhenghao , Xu Kunpeng , Dai Hongguang , Wu Zhanxia , Yu Xiaopeng
Published: February 2024

A novel low-power MOS-only voltage reference is presented. The Enz–Krummenacher–Vittoz (EKV) model is adopted to provide a new perspective on the operating principle. The normalized charge density, introduced as a new variable, serves as an indicator when trimming the output temperature coefficient. The proposed voltage reference consists of a specific current generator and a 5-bit trimmable load. Thanks to the good match between the current source stage and the output stage, the nonlinear temperature dependence of carrier mobility is automatically canceled out. The circuit is designed using 55 nm COMS technology. The operating temperature ranges from −40 °C to 120 °C. The average temperature coefficient of the output voltage can be reduced to 21.7 ppm/°C by trimming. The power consumption is only 23.2 nW with a supply voltage of 0.8 V. The line sensitivity and the power supply rejection ratio at 100 Hz are 0.011 %/V and −89 dB, respectively.
Association between Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort
Authors: Kim Heejin , Kim Tae Jun , Kwon Mi Jung , Wee Jee Hye , Hong Sung Kwang , Choi Hyo Geun , Lee Joong Seob
Published: February 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of global mortality. While recent reports suggest potential connections between CKD and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), further research is needed to elucidate the direct association between CKD and CRS. This study investigated the association between CKD and CRS using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort. Participants were recruited according to medical claim codes, and individuals with CKD were matched in a 1:4 ratio with the control group. Covariates, such as demographics, health-related data, and medical history were used. The incidence rates and hazard ratio of CRS were analyzed. A further analysis was performed based on the presence of nasal polyps. Among the 514,866 participants, 16,644 patients with CKD and 66,576 matched controls were included in the analysis. The CKD group demonstrated a higher incidence of CRS than the controls: 18.30 versus 13.10 per 10,000 person-years. The CKD group demonstrated a higher risk of CRS than the control group (1.28 adjusted hazard ratio). In additional analyses, the CKD group did not exhibit a statistically significant correlation for the development of CRS with nasal polyps. This study suggests that CKD is associated with an increased risk for CRS.
Clinical and Epidemiological Study of IgA Nephropathy in the Bulgarian Population: Insights into Disease Presentation and Potential Biomarkers
Authors: Kostadinova Iva , Lyubomirova Mila , Bogov Boris , Kurteva Ekaterina , Kyurkchiev Dobroslav , Todorov Todor
Published: February 2024

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. However, the Bulgarian population has limited epidemiological data and biomarkers for IgAN. In this retrospective monocentric analysis, we investigated all the patients with biopsy-proven IgAN over 10 years in a tertiary Bulgarian institution. From the analysis of 762 kidney biopsies, the diagnosis of primary IgAN was established in 125, with an average age of 35.94 ± 11.91 years. Our study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, histological features, and potential biomarkers of IgAN in the Bulgarian population. We evaluated parameters such as proteinuria, hematuria, serum creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In fifty IgAN patients and 30 healthy controls, serum levels of Gd-IgA1, IgA, C3, BAFF, and APRIL using ELISA were examined. The results revealed significant differences in serum concentrations of Gd-IgA1 (p < 0.001), Gd-IgA1/IgA (p = 0.022), IgA (p = 0.014), and IgA/C3 (p = 0.047) between patients and controls. However, no correlation was found between Gd-IgA1, IgA, Gd-IgA1/IgA, and IgA/C3 and chronic kidney disease progression. Our study reports evidence of the diagnostic value of Gd-IgA1 and contributes to the understanding of IgAN in the Bulgarian population and suggests potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Diplopia in Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Ungureanu Larisa , Irincu Laura , Diaconu Stefania , Oprițoiu Bianca , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Falup-Pecurariu Cristian
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Although the reported frequency of diplopia is between 10 to 40% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other movement disorders, it remains one of the most undiagnosed non-motor symptoms. Furthermore, it has a major impact on the quality of life of these patients. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature regarding the frequency, causes, and implications of diplopia in movement disorders. Methodology: An electronic search was conducted in March and June 2023 using the PubMed database in order to identify appropriate studies. Studies that were written in English, that represented observational, analytical studies, and case reports, and that provided information regarding diplopia in movement disorders were included in the systematic review. Results: A total of 686 articles were identified out of which 43 met the inclusion criteria. The studies included in the systematic review ranged from descriptive studies (case reports and case series) to analytical–observational studies (cross-sectional studies, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case–control studies). In Parkinson’s disease, the incidence of diplopia ranged from 10 to 38%. In these patients, diplopia was linked to the presence of visual hallucinations and cognitive decline but also to convergence insufficiency and the presence of motor fluctuations. Cases of diplopia secondary to deep brain stimulation were also reported. Diplopia was associated with longer disease duration and worse motor and non-motor scores. Diplopia was also reported in other movement disorders such as multiple system atrophy (frequency as high as 18%) and progressive supranuclear palsy (frequency as high as 39%) and was associated with increased mortality and shorter duration in life span. Conclusions: Diplopia occurs in up to 38% of patients with movement disorders and has a negative impact on their health-related quality of life. Treating physicians should actively ask about diplopia and other ophthalmological symptoms, as many patients do not spontaneously report them. The pathophysiology of diplopia is complex, and it involves heterogeneous peripheral and central mechanisms. The management of these patients should involve a multidisciplinary team of health professionals in order to provide appropriate, tailored management.
The Effect of Different System Parameters on the Movement of Microbial Cells Using Light-Induced Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Keck Devin , Ravi Suma , Yadav Shivam , Martinez-Duarte Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

The manipulation of single particles remains a topic of interest with many applications. Here we characterize the impact of selected parameters on the motion of single particles thanks to dielectrophoresis (DEP) induced by visible light, in a technique called Light-induced Dielectrophoresis, or LiDEP, also known as optoelectronic tweezers, optically induced DEP, and image-based DEP. Baker’s yeast and Candida cells are exposed to an electric field gradient enabled by shining a photoconductive material with a specific pattern of visible light, and their response is measured in terms of the average cell velocity towards the gradient. The impact on cell velocity when varying the shape and color of the light pattern, as well as the distance from the cell to the pattern, is presented. The experimental setup featured a commercial light projector featuring digital light processing (DLP) technology but mechanically modified to accommodate a 40× microscope objective lens. The minimal resolution achieved on the light pattern was 8 µm. Experimental results show the capability for single cell manipulation and the possibility of using different shapes, colors, and distances to determine the average cell velocity.
Intermittent-Aware Design Exploration of Systolic Array Using Various Non-Volatile Memory: A Comparative Study
Authors: Taheri Nedasadat , Tabrizchi Sepehr , Roohi Arman
Published: February 2024

This paper conducts a comprehensive study on intermittent computing within IoT environments, emphasizing the interplay between different dataflows—row, weight, and output—and a variety of non-volatile memory technologies. We then delve into the architectural optimization of these systems using a spatial architecture, namely IDEA, with their processing elements efficiently arranged in a rhythmic pattern, providing enhanced performance in the presence of power failures. This exploration aims to highlight the diverse advantages and potential applications of each combination, offering a comparative perspective. In our findings, using IDEA for the row stationary dataflow with AlexNet on the CIFAR10 dataset, we observe a power efficiency gain of 2.7% and an average reduction of 21% in the required cycles. This study elucidates the potential of different architectural choices in enhancing energy efficiency and performance in IoT systems.
A MEMS Electrochemical Angular Accelerometer with Silicon-Based Four-Electrode Structure
Authors: Zhang Mingbo , Liu Qinghua , Zhu Maoqi , Chen Jian , Chen Deyong , Wang Junbo , Lu Yulan
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a MEMS electrochemical angular accelerometer with a silicon-based four-electrode structure, which was made of thousands of interconnected microchannels for electrolyte flow, anodes uniformly coated on structure surfaces and cathodes located on the sidewalls of flow holes. From the perspective of device fabrication, in this study, the previously reported multi-piece assembly was simplified into single-piece integrative manufacturing, effectively addressing the problems of complex assembly and manual alignment. From the perspective of the sensitive structure, in this study, the silicon-based four-electrode structure featuring with complete insulation layers between anodes and cathodes can enable fast electrochemical reactions with improved sensitivities. Numerical simulations were conducted to optimize the geometrical parameters of the silicon-based four-electrode structure, where increases in fluid resistance and cathode area were found to expand working bandwidths and improve device sensitivity, respectively. Then, the silicon-based four-electrode structure was fabricated by conventional MEMS processes, mainly composed of wafer-level bonding and wafer-level etching. As to device characterization, the MEMS electrochemical angular accelerometer with the silicon-based four-electrode structure exhibited a maximum sensitivity of 1458 V/(rad/s2) at 0.01 Hz and a minimum noise level of −164 dB at 1 Hz. Compared with previously reported electrochemical angular accelerometers, the angular accelerometer developed in this study offered higher sensitivities and lower noise levels, indicating strong potential for applications in the field of rotational seismology.
Bioleaching of Mine Tailings by Mesophilic: Acidithiobacillus spp., Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, and Thermophilic: Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans Cultures with the Addition of Ag+ Additive
Authors: Rouchalová Dana , Rouchalová Kamila , Čablík Vladimír
Published: February 2024

This research focused on applying and comparing the performance of microorganisms with different temperature preferences, assessing the overall percentage recovery of elements (copper, zinc, arsenic, and iron) from mine tailings in the Staré Ransko region (Czech Republic). The study examined the solubilisation process using a mesophilic mixed bacterial culture, including Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF), Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (AT), Leptospirillum ferrooxidans (LF), and the thermophilic species Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (ST). Under biotic conditions, constant process parameters were maintained, including a particle size of 71–100 µm, a pH value of 1.8, agitation at 150 rpm, and a pulp density of 10% (w/v). The only exception was the temperature, which varied for optimal multiplication of cultures (30 °C/50 °C). Additionally, the research examined the impact of AgNO3 additive at a concentration of Ag+ ions of 5 mg·L−1. The research focused on the solubilisation of Cu, Zn, Fe, and As and the results demonstrated that the application of microorganisms ST, combined with the action of Ag+ ions, enhanced the kinetics of the extraction process, leading to the highest final recovery of all elements (Cu 91.93%, Zn 85.67%, As 69.16%, and Fe 71.72%) under the specified conditions. The study observed that the most significant increase in solubilisation can be attributed to the additive cation in the case of copper (AF, AT, LF/Ag+ by 40.33%; ST/Ag+ by 44.39%) and arsenic (AF, AT, LF/Ag+ by 23.79%; ST/Ag+ by 26.08%). Notably, the intensification of leaching using thermophilic bacteria at a constant suspension temperature of 50 °C was primarily determined for Zn (ST by 18.36%, ST/Ag+ by 14.24%). After 24 days of extraction, the emergence of secondary minerals, namely CaSO4·2H2O and KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6, was identified. The study highlighted a significant increase in the extraction mechanism kinetics due to the influence of microorganisms, contrasting with the low solubilities observed under abiotic conditions (Cu 9.00%, Zn 14.17%, As 4.28%, Fe 6.23%).
Impact of CAD/CAM Material Thickness and Translucency on the Polymerization of Dual-Cure Resin Cement in Endocrowns
Authors: Ikemoto Soshi , Komagata Yuya , Yoshii Shinji , Masaki Chihiro , Hosokawa Ryuji , Ikeda Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the thickness and translucency of various computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials on the polymerization of dual-cure resin cement in endocrown restorations. Three commercially available CAD/CAM materials—lithium disilicate glass (e.max CAD), resin composite (CERASMART), and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (ENAMIC)—were cut into plates with five different thicknesses (1.5, 3.5, 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5 mm) in both high-translucency (HT) and low-translucency (LT) grades. Panavia V5, a commercial dual-cure resin cement, was polymerized through each plate by light irradiation. Post-polymerization treatment was performed by aging at 37 °C for 24 h under light-shielding conditions. The degree of conversion and Vickers hardness measurements were used to characterize the polymerization of the cement. The findings revealed a significant decrease in both the degree of conversion and Vickers hardness with increasing thickness across all CAD/CAM materials. Notably, while the differences in the degree of conversion and Vickers hardness between the HT and LT grades of each material were significant immediately after photoirradiation, these differences became smaller after post-polymerization treatment. Significant differences were observed between samples with a 1.5 mm thickness (conventional crowns) and those with a 5.5 mm or greater thickness (endocrowns), even after post-polymerization treatment. These results suggest that dual-cure resin cement in endocrown restorations undergoes insufficient polymerization.
Identification of Hybrid Polymer Material STERED and Basic Material Properties Used in Road Substructures or Pavements
Authors: Papán Daniel , Decký Martin , Ďugel Daniel , Durčák Filip
Published: February 2024

Modern road construction uses a large number of polymer-based materials. Material composition depends on their roles. Among the most important functions of road body materials is to transfer all loads safely to the subgrade. A thorough understanding of material properties in various climates is crucial for this purpose. In the automotive industry, polymer residues from recycling can be used to make innovative materials, such as STERED, a hybrid polymer composite. Drawing on the porous nature of this material, this paper investigates its mechanical behavior. For road construction, the compressive properties of the material are most important. The paper presents the results of a detailed analysis and experimental research of the STERED material from in-lab tests. Successful research will lead to the inclusion of the material in road body compositions with excellent retention properties, vibration damping, and potential in circular economy.
Trends in the Incorporation of Antiseptics into Natural Polymer-Based Nanofibrous Mats
Authors: Piskláková Lenka , Skuhrovcová Kristýna , Bártová Tereza , Seidelmannová Julie , Vondrovic Štěpán , Velebný Vladimír
Published: February 2024

Nanofibrous materials represent a very promising form of advanced carrier systems that can be used industrially, especially in regenerative medicine as highly functional bandages, or advanced wound dressings. By incorporation of antimicrobial additives directly into the structure of the nanofiber carrier, the functionality of the layer is upgraded, depending on the final requirement—bactericidal, bacteriostatic, antiseptic, or a generally antimicrobial effect. Such highly functional nanofibrous layers can be prepared mostly by electrospinning technology from both synthetic and natural polymers. The presence of a natural polymer in the composition is very advantageous. Especially in medical applications where, due to the presence of the material close to the human body, the healing process is more efficient and without the occurrence of an unwanted inflammatory response. However, converting natural polymers into nanofibrous form, with a homogeneously distributed and stable additive, is a great challenge. Thus, a combination of natural and synthetic materials is often used. This review clearly summarizes the issue of the incorporation and effectiveness of different types of antimicrobial substances, such as nanoparticles, antibiotics, common antiseptics, or substances of natural origin, into electrospun nanofibrous layers made of mostly natural polymer materials. A section describing the problematic aspects of antimicrobial polymers is also included.
Tensile and Compressive Properties of Woven Fabric Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates Containing Three-Dimensional Microvascular Channels
Authors: An Ziqian , Cheng Xiaoquan , Zhao Dafang , Ma Yihao , Guo Xin , Cheng Yujia
Published: February 2024

Microvascular self-healing composite materials have significant potential for application and their mechanical properties need in-depth investigation. In this paper, the tensile and compressive properties of woven fabric carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates containing three-dimensional microvascular channels were investigated experimentally. Several detailed finite element (FE) models were established to simulate the mechanical behavior of the laminate and the effectiveness of different models was examined. The damage propagation process of the microvascular laminates and the influence of microvascular parameters were studied by the validated models. The results show that microvascular channels arranged along the thickness direction (z-direction) of the laminates are critical locations under the loads. The channels have minimal effect on the stiffness of the laminates but cause a certain reduction in strength, which varies approximately linearly with the z-direction channel diameter within its common design range of 0.1~1 mm. It is necessary to consider the resin-rich region formed around microvascular channels in the warp and weft fiber yarns of the woven fabric composite when establishing the FE model. The layers in the model should be assigned with equivalent unidirectional ply material in order to calculate the mechanical properties of laminates correctly.
Mystic Christianity and Cosmic Integration: On a Pilgrim Trail with John Moriarty
Authors: Nic Craith Mairéad , Kockel Ullrich , McGillicuddy Mary , Carmody Amanda
Published: February 2024

This essay takes initial steps on a journey with an Irish eco-spiritual philosopher, the late John Moriarty. As a gateway into his broader oeuvre and way of thinking, we explore Moriarty’s image of the Christian mystical Easter journey—the Triduum Sacrum—as a vision for humanity and the planet. After briefly reviewing his spiritual biography, we consider Moriarty’s re-framing of the story as a journey to the bottom of a symbolic Grand Canyon, a mystical trail beyond historical time to a primordial unity before the evolution of the species. There, the total integration of the natural ecumene is experienced. For Moriarty, this journey leads not only into the past, but prefigures a pilgrimage that everyone can—and should—take. Analyzing primarily his own writing, we highlight the intercultural roots and ecumenical connections of Moriarty’s work, which draws extensively on spiritual traditions and contemporary debates from across the world. On that basis, we sign-post directions for further research into a potential post-Christian ecology as a new way of thinking about the earth and our role on it, based on an attitude of Gelassenheit.
Education for Religion: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Agbaria Ayman
Published: February 2024

This essay proposes a novel approach to religious education, one that stands in stark contrast to the often rigid and dogmatic nature of traditional religious instruction. The proposed approach seeks to cultivate deep awareness within students regarding their inherent limitations and their role as entrusted stewards in the grand design of God. It encourages students to move away from the temptation of godlike aspirations, such as the pursuit of boundless power and knowledge, instead positioning life on Earth as a divine destiny offering opportunities for growth, learning, and realizing one’s God-given potential. This form of religious education embraces doubt, uncertainty, and ambiguity, recognizing them as sources of motivation and meaning in a profound journey of faith. Inspired by John Hick’s and Abdolkarim Soroush’s works, this approach transcends traditional religious literacy, focusing on an encounter with the transcendent noumenal Real, and it is characterized by a sense of speechless awe, wonder, and astonishment before the riddles of existence and the beauty of the world. Ultimately, this essay underscores the importance of approaching religion as a system of relationships rather than as an ideology with all-encompassing answers.
Anti SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies in Pre-Exposure or Post-Exposure in No- or Weak Responder to Vaccine Kidney Transplant Recipients: Is One Strategy Better than Another?
Authors: Romero Anais , Laurent Charlotte , Lebourg Ludivine , Lemée Veronique , Hanoy Mélanie , Le Roy Frank , Grange Steven , Lemoine Mathilde , Guerrot Dominique , Bertrand Dominique
Published: February 2024

Background: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are likely to develop severe COVID-19 and are less well-protected by vaccines than immunocompetent subjects. Thus, the use of neutralizing anti–SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to confer a passive immunity appears attractive in KTRs. Methods: This retrospective monocentric cohort study was conducted between 1 January 2022 and 30 September 2022. All KTRs with a weak antibody response one month after three doses of mRNA vaccine (anti spike IgG < 264 (BAU/mL)) have received tixagevimab-cilgavimab in pre-exposure (group 1), post-exposure (group 2) or no specific treatment (group 3). We compared COVID-19 symptomatic hospitalizations, including intensive care unit hospitalizations, oxygen therapy, and death, between the three groups. Results: A total of 418 KTRs had SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2022. During the study period, we included 112 KTRs in group 1, 40 KTRs in group 2, and 27 KTRs in group 3. The occurrence of intensive care unit hospitalization, oxygen therapy, and COVID-19 death was significantly increased in group 3 compared to group 1 or 2. In group 3, 5 KTRs (18.5%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 7 KTRs (25.9%) needed oxygen therapy, and 3 KTRs (11.1%) died. Patients who received tixagevimab-cilgavimab pre- or post-exposure had similar outcomes. Conclusions: This retrospective real-life study supports the relative effectiveness of tixagevimab-cilgavimab on COVID-19 infection caused by Omicron, used as a pre- or post-exposure therapy. The continued evolution of Omicron variants has made tixagevimab-cilgavimab ineffective and reinforces the need for new therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 active on new variants.
Current State of Advances in Quantification and Modeling of Hydrological Droughts
Authors: Sharma Tribeni C. , Panu Umed S.
Published: February 2024

Hydrological droughts may be referred to as sustained and regionally extensive water shortages as reflected in streamflows that are noticeable and gauged worldwide. Hydrological droughts are largely analyzed using the truncation level approach to represent the desired flow condition such as the median, mean, or any other flow quantile of an annual, monthly, or weekly flow sequence. The quantification of hydrologic droughts is accomplished through indices, such as the standardized streamflow index (SSI) in tandem with the standardized precipitation index (SPI) commonly used in meteorological droughts. The runs of deficits in the SSI sequence below the truncation level are treated as drought episodes, and thus, the theory of runs forms an essential tool for analysis. The parameters of significance from the modeling perspective of hydrological droughts (or tantamount to streamflow droughts in this paper) are the longest duration and the largest magnitude over a desired return period of T-year (or month or week) of the streamflow sequences. It is to be stressed that the magnitude component of the hydrological drought is of paramount importance for the design and operation of water resource storage systems such as reservoirs. The time scales chosen for the hydrologic drought analysis range from daily to annual, but for most applications, a monthly scale is deemed appropriate. For modeling the aforesaid parameters, several methodologies are in vogue, i.e., the empirical fitting of the historical drought sequences through a known probability density function (pdf), extreme number theorem, Markov chain analysis, log-linear, copulas, entropy-based analyses, and machine learning (ML)-based methods such as artificial neural networks (ANN), wavelet transform (WT), support vector machines (SVM), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and hybrid methods involving entropy, copulas, and machine learning-based methods. The forecasting of the hydrologic drought is rigorously conducted through machine learning-based methodologies. However, the traditional stochastic methods such as autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), copulas, and entropy-based methods are still popular. New techniques for flow simulation are based on copula and entropy-based concepts and machine learning methodologies such as ANN, WT, SVM, etc. The simulated flows could be used for deriving drought parameters in consonance with traditional Monte Carlo methods of data generation. Efforts are underway to use hydrologic drought models for reservoir sizing across rivers. The ML methods whilst combined in the hybrid form hold promise in drought forecasting for better management of existing water resources during the drought periods. Data mining and pre-processing techniques are expected to play a significant role in hydrologic drought modeling and forecasting in future.
Using the Heavy Metal Indices and Benthic Indices to Assess the Ecological Quality in the Tidal Flats of Garolim Bay, South Korea
Authors: Liang Jian , Huang Hai-Rui , Ma Chae-Woo , Son Dae-Sun , Kim Seon-Kyu
Published: February 2024

During economic growth, anthropogenic activities have exerted detrimental impacts on the tidal flat ecosystems in South Korea. Although scholars have conducted extensive research on the ecological quality of tidal flats in South Korea, most have primarily focused on benthic indices. Hence, we utilised two heavy metal indices and five benthic indices to assess the ecological quality in the tidal flats comprehensively. In our study, although heavy metals and total organic carbon concentrations were low in Garolim Bay, the final ecological quality at most stations was unacceptable (63%). The Benthic Opportunistic Polychaetes Amphipods Index (BOPA) demonstrated commendable outcomes in correlation and kappa analyses. However, the BOPA still had some limits. We believe that using multiple indices to assess the ecological quality in the tidal flats of Garolim Bay is more robust than using a single index.
Rainfall–Mining Coupling Effects on Slope Failure Mechanism and Evolution Process: A Case Study of Open-Pit to Underground Mining
Authors: Li Qihang , Wang Yunmin , Li Xiaoshuang , Gong Bin
Published: February 2024

This research examines how rainfall and mining affect the slope damage resulting from the transition from open-pit mining to underground mining. Using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the Huangniu slope of the Dexing Copper Mine was fully characterized, and experiments were conducted on rock samples from appropriate sites. First, the mechanical properties of the samples were measured. Then, the parameters of the similarity simulation experiments were derived based on the similarity theory. Subsequently, the rainfall, rock slope, data acquisition, and monitoring systems were designed. Finally, the rock mass failure with different slope angles was analyzed, and the deformation and damage patterns under the coupling effect were obtained. The results show that rainfall increases pore water pressure and moisture content. Rainfall and slope-slip water have more of an impact on the open-pit platform. The pore water pressure values on the upper rock mass rise faster than inside it. In the open-pit mining stage, the rock mass shifts slightly to the upper left. In the room mining stage, vertical fractures and goaf sinking occur. The fractures above the mine form a semi-ellipse. In the pillar mining stage, overlying rock displacement is evident and fractures persist. In the continuous pillar mining stage, the overlying rock collapses. The 65° slope model was the most damaged, while the 55° slope model was the least damaged. The results also suggest that the UAV guides sample selection.