bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genotoype-by-sequencing of three geographically distinct populations of Olympia oysters, Ostrea lurida
Authors: White Samuel J. , Vadopalas Brent , Silliman Katherine , Roberts Steven B.
Published: September 2017

Olympia oysters are found along the west coast of North America and as the only native oyster species in the region, receive considerable attention with regard to restoration and conservation. Knowledge of genetic structure of this species is essential for resource managers. Here we provide genetic data for three distinct populations of Olympia oysters in Puget Sound, Washington, USA in the form of genotype-by-sequencing data (GBS). Specifically, this includes description of sequence data and a derived table that provides single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information for 10,363 loci. These data are valuable not only for resource managers responsible for restoration aquaculture practices, but can provide insight into ecological drivers of selection and diversity.
Oxygenation of RZn(N,O)-type complexes as an efficient route to zinc alkoxides not accessible via the classical alcoholysis path
Authors: Wróbel Zbigniew , Pietrzak Tomasz , Justyniak Iwona , Lewiński Janusz
Published: September 2017

The oxygenation of alkylzincs incorporating a 2-ester substituted pyrrolate ligand (L) leads to zinc alkoxides with an uncommon structural motif in the solid state: a trimer [(L)Zn(μ-OtBu)]3 with the central [Zn3(μ-OR)3] ring or a heterocubane [(L)Zn(μ3-OEt)]4.
Tuneable nature of metal organic frameworks as heterogeneous solid catalysts for alcohol oxidation
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Asiri Abdullah M. , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: September 2017

This Feature article describes on the recent developments in the use of metal organic frameworks as heterogeneous solid catalysts for the selective alcohol oxidation by either tuning the actives sites around the metal centre, or anchoring them on the ligands or using the pores to embed metal nanoparticles inside.
Pd–PEPPSI: a general Pd–NHC precatalyst for Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling of esters and amides (transamidation) under the same reaction conditions
Authors: Shi Shicheng , Szostak Michal
Published: September 2017

We report the first catalytic Buchwald–Hartwig amination of both common esters and amides by highly selective C(acyl)–X cleavage using well-defined Pd–PEPPSI type precatalysts.
Two synthetic approaches for the preparation of tin(ii) dications
Authors: Schleep Mario , Hettich Clarissa , Kratzert Daniel , Scherer Harald , Krossing Ingo
Published: September 2017

Facile access to weakly coordinated Sn(ii) salts is provided by reaction of NO[Al(ORF)4] with tin metal. Further use is indicated.
Seed-mediated phase-selective growth of Cu2GeS3 hollow nanoparticles with huge cavities
Authors: Dong Chunwei , Ge Rui , Yao Dong , Wu Zhennan , Wang Zidong , Liu Yi , Yang Bai , Zhang Hao
Published: September 2017

Although significant progress has been achieved in the synthesis of hollow nanoparticles (NPs), research on copper-based multinary chalcogenide (CMC) semiconductor NPs with hollow structures is still less developed.
Perovskites beyond photovoltaics: field emission from morphology-tailored nanostructured methylammonium lead triiodide
Authors: Besra Nripen , Pal Shreyasi , Das Bikram Kumar , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar
Published: September 2017

Herein, methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) nanorods and nanocrystals were prepared by a facile room-temperature wet chemical method via simple variation of the synthesis parameters and their field emission performances were investigated.
Effects of counterion size and backbone rigidity on the dynamics of ionic polymer melts and glasses
Authors: Fu Yao , Bocharova Vera , Ma Mengze , Sokolov Alexei P. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Kumar Rajeev
Published: September 2017

Backbone rigidity, counterion size and the static dielectric constant affect the glass transition temperature, segmental relaxation time and decoupling between counterion and segmental dynamics in significant manners.
Interface and interaction of graphene layers on SiC(0001̄) covered with TiC(111) intercalation
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Qiang , Huang Jianmei , Li Wei-qi , Chen Guang-hui , Yang Yanhui
Published: September 2017

It is important to understand the interface and interaction between the graphene layer, titanium carbide [TiC(111)] interlayer, and silicon carbide [SiC(0001̄)] substrates in epitaxial growth of graphene on silicon carbide (SiC) substrates.
Effect of a single water molecule on the HO2 + ClO reaction
Authors: Li Junyao , Tsona Narcisse T. , Du Lin
Published: September 2017

The presence of a single water molecule retards the reaction of HO2 with ClO.
Sulfonato-imino copper(ii) complexes: fast and general Chan–Evans–Lam coupling of amines and anilines
Authors: Hardouin Duparc V. , Schaper F.
Published: September 2017

A simple coordination complex allows Chans–Evans–Lam arylations of a wide variety of amines and anilines without optimization of reaction conditions.
Molecular design of melt-spinnable co-polymers as Si–B–C–N fiber precursors
Authors: Viard Antoine , Gottardo Laura , Lopez-Ferber David , Soleilhavoup Anne , Salameh Chrystelle , Samal Sneha , Gueguen Yann , Rouxel Tanguy , Motz Günter , Babonneau Florence , Gervais Christel , Bernard Samuel
Published: September 2017

Melt-spinnable co-polymers with the general formula [B(C2H4SiCH3(NH)x(NCH3)y)3]n, have been synthesized as Si–B–C–N fiber precursors.
The influence of penicillamine/cysteine mutation on the metal complexes of peptides
Authors: Grenács Ágnes , Lihi Norbert , Sóvágó Imre , Várnagy Katalin
Published: September 2017

Penicillamine in the internal position of a peptide sequence is an effective anchor for the deprotonation and metal ion coordination of amide groups.
The role of ligand redox non-innocence in ring-opening polymerization reactions catalysed by bis(imino)pyridine iron alkoxide complexes
Authors: Delle Chiaie K. R. , Biernesser A. B. , Ortuño M. A. , Dereli B. , Iovan D. A. , Wilding M. J. T. , Li B. , Cramer C. J. , Byers J. A.
Published: September 2017

The reactivity of iron-based ring opening polymerization catalysts is compared when the catalyst is in three different oxidation states.
Inhibitory profiles of spices against free and protein-bound heterocyclic amines of roast beef patties as revealed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and principal component analysis
Authors: Chen Jing , He Zhiyong , Qin Fang , Chen Jie , Cao Dongsheng , Guo Fengxian , Zeng Maomao
Published: September 2017

The inhibitory effects of spices on free and protein-bound heterocyclic amines as analysed by UPLC-MS/MS and PCA.
Acoustic tweezing of particles using decaying opposing travelling surface acoustic waves (DOTSAW)
Authors: Ng Jia Wei , Devendran Citsabehsan , Neild Adrian
Published: September 2017

Surface acoustic waves offer a versatile and biocompatible method of manipulating the location of suspended particles or cells within microfluidic systems.
Gene co-opening network deciphers gene functional relationships
Authors: Li Wenran , Wang Meng , Sun Jinghao , Wang Yong , Jiang Rui
Published: September 2017

Genome sequencing technology provides us a great opportunity to study gene functions on a global scale from an epigenomic view. Here, we construct a gene co-opening network based on the chromatin accessibility of genes, which provides a new viewpoint to decipher gene relationships.
Theoretical models of inhibitory activity for inhibitors of protein–protein interactions: targeting menin–mixed lineage leukemia with small molecules
Authors: Jedwabny Wiktoria , Kłossowski Szymon , Purohit Trupta , Cierpicki Tomasz , Grembecka Jolanta , Dyguda-Kazimierowicz Edyta
Published: September 2017

A computationally affordable, non-empirical model based on electrostatic multipole and dispersion terms successfully predicts the binding affinity of inhibitors of menin–MLL protein–protein interactions.
Degradable gold core–mesoporous organosilica shell nanoparticles for two-photon imaging and gemcitabine monophosphate delivery
Authors: Rahmani Saher , Chaix Arnaud , Aggad Dina , Hoang Phuong , Moosa Basem , Garcia Marcel , Gary-Bobo Magali , Charnay Clarence , AlMalik Abdulaziz , Durand Jean-Olivier , Khashab Niveen M.
Published: September 2017

The synthesis of degradable gold core–mesoporous organosilica shell nanoparticles is described.
New route to carbonate-functionalized imidazolium and pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids
Authors: Srour H. , Darwich W. , Lindl F. , Husson P. , Rouault H. , Santini C.
Published: September 2017

A new, versatile, and green route to access ionic liquids containing carbonate groups, including 1-[2-(propyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl]-3-methyl imidazolium and N-methyl-N-[2-(propyl-oxcarbonyl) ethyl] pyrrolidinium associated with a bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide anion, [C1(C2O(CO)OC3)Im][NTf2] (4) and [C1(C2O(CO)OC3)Py][NTf2] (5), has been developed and characterized.
Influence of operating conditions and immobilization on activity of alcohol dehydrogenase for the conversion of formaldehyde to methanol
Authors: Zezzi do Valle Gomes Milene , Palmqvist Anders E. C.
Published: September 2017

Improved activity of alcohol dehydrogenase by immobilization in octyl-functionalized siliceous mesostructured cellular foams and tuning of pressure and formaldehyde concentration.
Design and construction of a new optical solid-state mercury(ii) sensor based on PVC membrane sensitized with colloidal carbon dots
Authors: Shahamirifard Seyed Alireza , Ghaedi Mehrorang
Published: September 2017

A new Hg2+ ion solid-state double layer sensor impregnated with colloidal carbon dots and N′-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (NDPAI, as a second layer) was inserted in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the first layer.
Investigation on the structural, linear/nonlinear optical and electrical characteristics of Cd- and Mn-doped polar lithium sulfate monohydrate crystals
Authors: Silambarasan A. , Rajesh P. , Bhatt Rajeev , Bhaumik Indranil , Maurya K. K. , Karnal A. K. , Ramasamy P. , Gupta P. K.
Published: September 2017

Doped LSMH single crystals exhibited good transmittance percentage, lower birefringence, enhanced SHG efficiency and good piezoelectric response compared to undoped LSMH crystals.
The ground and excited-state electronic structures of sandwich compounds Cp2(ME)2 contain an (ME)2 four-membered ring (Cp = C5H5; M = Ni, Pd, Pt; E = O, S, Se, Te)
Authors: Han Xiaowei , Lv Jiao , Meng Lingpeng , Li Qingzhong , Li Xiaoyan
Published: September 2017

The electron excitation, nature of bonds, and aromaticity of the title compounds are correlated to the periods of M/E atoms.
Supramolecular complexes formed by dimethoxypillar[5]arenes and imidazolium salts: a joint experimental and computational investigation
Authors: D'Anna Francesca , Rizzo Carla , Vitale Paola , Marullo Salvatore , Ferrante Francesco
Published: September 2017

The stability of host–guest complexes formed by dimethoxypillar[5]arenes and imidazolium salts has been analyzed as a function of different structural features of the guest, using a combined approach of different techniques.
A revisit to the Gattermann reaction: interesting synthesis of nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic halides and their fluorescence properties
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Ning , Liu Wen-Tao , Ding Hong-Lin , An Yue , Lü Cheng-Wei
Published: September 2017

The Gattermann reaction and an electrophilic substitution reaction, which were conducted in a one-pot reaction, are reported, and four aromatic dihalides of similar structure were obtained. 2-Chloro-5-(3-chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole was applied as a highly efficient fluorescence sensor for the detection of TNP.
Environmentally benign tetramethylguanidinium cation based ionic liquids
Authors: Pratap Singh Akhil , Sithambaram Devilakshmi , Sanghavi Rutvi , Kumar Gupta Piyush , Shanker Verma Rama , Doble Mukesh , Gardas Ramesh L. , Senapati Sanjib
Published: September 2017

Ionic liquids (ILs) are being considered as greener alternatives to conventional organic solvents.
An expedient synthesis of flexible nucleosides via a regiocontrolled enzymatic glycosylation of functionalized imidazoles
Authors: Vichier-Guerre S. , Dugué L. , Bonhomme F. , Pochet S.
Published: September 2017

A versatile two-step synthesis of C4- and C5-arylated 2′-deoxyribosylimidazoles was elaborated by enzymaticN-transglycosylation followed by microwave-assisted Pd-catalysed arylation reactions.
Organic–inorganic hybrid photoresists containing hexafluoroantimonate: design, synthesis and high resolution EUV lithography studies
Authors: Guruprasad Reddy Pulikanti , Kumar Pawan , Ghosh Subrata , Pradeep Chullikkattil P. , Sharma Satinder K. , Gonsalves Kenneth E.
Published: September 2017

New organic–inorganic hybrid photoresists containing inorganic counter-ion motif SbF6−have been developed and successfully tested for patterning high resolution features under EUVL conditions.
Exploring potential biomarkers and determining the metabolic mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Qiqi , Zhang Aihua , Zong Wenjing , An Na , Zhang Huamin , Luan Yihan , Sun Hui , Wang Xijun , Cao Hongxin
Published: September 2017

Diabetes mellitus has imposed a huge burden on modern society and is a serious threat to human health globally.
Retracted Article: Self-association of L-periaxin occursviaits acidic domain and NLS2/NLS3, and affects its trafficking in RSC96 cells
Authors: Yang Yenan , Liang Min , Shi Yawei
Published: September 2017

Periaxin (PRX) protein was first identified in myelinating Schwann cells through the screening of cytoskeleton-associated proteins in peripheral nerve myelination.
Theoretical perspective of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer for a compound with aggregation induced emission in the solid phase
Authors: Lin Lili , Fan Jianzhong , Cai Lei , Wang Chuan-Kui
Published: September 2017

The ESIPT process and AIE mechanism are theoretically investigated by a QM/MM method.
Enhanced flame-retardancy and controlled physical properties of flexible polyurethane foams based on a shear-responsive internal network
Authors: Rao Jingyi , Fernández-Ronco María P. , Vong Michel , Gaan Sabyasachi
Published: September 2017

The flame retardancy of FPUFs can be enhanced by the manipulation of the solid-polymer interface chemistry.
A new strategy for integrating superior mechanical performance and high volumetric energy density into a Janus graphene film for wearable solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Song Zhongqian , Fan Yingying , Sun Zhonghui , Han Dongxue , Bao Yu , Niu Li
Published: September 2017

A new strategy for integrating superior mechanical performance and high volumetric energy density into Janus graphene films for wearable solid-state supercapacitors.
Fluorescent microspheres for one-photon and two-photon imaging of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zhang Qi , Nie Jihua , Xu Hong , Qiu Yuyou , Li Xiaoran , Gu Wei , Tang Guangyu , Luo Judong
Published: September 2017

Preparation of fluorescent beads to quantitatively evaluate the one-photon and two-photon imaging of hMSCs that have endocytosed AO-PLGA nanospheres.
Melem: an efficient metal-free luminescent material
Authors: Zheng H. B. , Chen W. , Gao H. , Wang Y. Y. , Guo H. Y. , Guo S. Q. , Tang Z. L. , Zhang J. Y.
Published: September 2017

Melem: a highly efficient metal-free blue-emitting phosphor, easy to synthesize and abundant in reserve.
Attenuation of miR-34a protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxic stress through maintenance of glycolysis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Gang , Gao Xiaogang
Published: September 2017

MiRNAs are a class of endogenous, short, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs, which are tightly linked to cardiac disorders such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MiR-34a is known to be involved in the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that under low glucose supply, rat cardiomyocytes are susceptible to hypoxia. Under short-time hypoxia, cellular glucose uptake and lactate product are induced but under long-time hypoxia, the cellular glucose metabolism is suppressed. Interestingly, an adaptive up-regulation of miR-34a by long-time hypoxia was observed both in vitro and in vivo, leading to suppression of glycolysis in cardiomyocytes. We identified lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) as a direct target of miR-34a, which binds to the 3′-UTR region of LDHA mRNA in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, inhibition of miR-34a attenuated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes dysfunction through restoration of glycolysis. The present study illustrates roles of miR-34a in the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes dysfunction and proposes restoration of glycolysis of dysfunctional cardiomyocytes by inhibiting miR-34a during I/R might be an effectively therapeutic approach against I/R injury.
The synergistic antimicrobial effects of novel bombinin and bombinin H peptides from the skin secretion of Bombina orientalis
Authors: Xiang Jie , Zhou Mei , Wu Yuxin , Chen Tianbao , Shaw Chris , Wang Lei
Published: September 2017

Bombinin and bombinin H are two antimicrobial peptide (AMP) families initially discovered from the skin secretion of Bombina that share the same biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNAs, but have different structures and physicochemical properties. Insight into their possible existing relationship lead us to perform the combination investigations into their anti-infectious activities. In this work, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of two novel AMPs belonging to bombinin and bombinin H families from secretions of Bombina orientalis. Their mature peptides (BHL-bombinin and bombinin HL), coded by single ORF, were chemically synthesized along with an analogue peptide that replaced L-leucine with D-leucine from the second position of the N-terminus (bombinin HD). CD analysis revealed that all of them displayed well-defined α-helical structures in membrane mimicking environments. Furthermore, BHL-bombinin displayed broad-spectrum bactericidal activities on a wide range of microorganisms, while bombinin H only exhibited a mildly bacteriostatic effect on the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The combination potency of BHL-bombinin with either bombinin HL or bombinin HD showed the synergistic inhibition activities against S. aureus (fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI): 0.375). A synergistic effect has also been observed between bombinin H and ampicillin, which was further systematically evaluated and confirmed by in vitro time-killing investigations. Haemolytic and cytotoxic examinations exhibited a highly synergistic selectivity and low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells of these three peptides. Taken together, the discovery of the potent synergistic effect of AMPs in a single biosynthetic precursor with superior functional selectivity provides a promising strategy to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens in clinical therapy.
Lapbooks: Adding Creativity to Literature-Based Intervention
Authors: Rickard Jennifer K.
Published: September 2017

Contextualized language intervention (CLI) is a treatment approach that seeks to target multiple language skills in the context of meaningful, functional, and curriculum-based activities. For school-age children, literature-based language intervention is a type of CLI that can simultaneously target a variety of semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic language skills, while also supporting the core curriculum. This tutorial demonstrates how to design lapbooks (collections of mini-books, pockets, and foldables laid out in a standard file folder) to organize and creatively display the language learning activities completed for each literature unit. Links to a series of instructional videos are also provided via the author's YouTube channel (
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCne6IbEwEf8eWVyJxHPXvPw
).
Electricity theft detection in smart grid using random matrix theory
Authors: Xiao Fei , Ai Qian
Published: September 2017

Illegal use of electricity has been a major concern in power system industries for a long time. Fraudulent large‐scale consumption of electricity may result in an unbalanced demand–supply gap. This study proposed a data‐driven electricity theft detector that is based on random matrix theory with the widespread use of smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure. The application of an augmented matrix as the data source is the key step of the proposed method, indicating the correlations between power consumption and system operating states under abnormal conditions of electricity use. Moreover, the regional/individual theft detection algorithm and the abnormal consumption pattern signal are designed for shortlisting regions with a high probability of theft and selecting suspected fraudulent customers in real time. Numerical case studies using simulated case studies conducted on the IEEE 34‐bus system and real data collected from the power system of a Chinese city are used to investigate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Circularly polarised integrated filtering antenna with polarisation reconfigurability
Authors: Lu Yunlong , Wang Yi , Gao Steven , Hua Changzhou , Liu Taijun
Published: September 2017

A new design of circularly polarised integrated filtering antennas with reconfigurable polarisation is proposed in this study. Two phase‐reconfigurable coupled λ/2‐resonator pairs have been used to feed the antenna and generate the second‐order filtering response and the circular polarisation (CP) simultaneously. By switching the PIN diodes inserted in the feeding network, a phase difference of +90° or −90° can be realised at the outputs of the feeding network. This renders the antenna's capability of switching its polarisation from right‐hand CP (RHCP) to left‐hand CP (LHCP) or vice versa. The use of the coupled‐resonator pairs significantly improves the frequency selectivity and out‐of‐band rejection of the CP antenna. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a multifunctional antenna which has integrated filtering performance, CP, and polarisation reconfigurability. To verify the design concept, a reconfigurable CP antenna operating at 2.45 GHz is implemented. The simulated and measured results agree well with each other and show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 4.5%, an average in‐band gain of 6.0 dBic (LHCP)/6.1 dBic (RHCP), out‐of‐band rejections of >10.8 dB, and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 9.4%/10.5%.
Multi‐resonant FLL‐based control algorithm for grid interfaced multi‐functional solar energy conversion system
Authors: Shah Priyank , Hussain Ikhlaq , Singh Bhim
Published: September 2017

This study presents a single‐stage solar energy conversion system tied to a three‐phase grid using a multiple second‐order generalised integrator frequency locked loop (MSOGI‐FLL)‐based control algorithm to improve power quality of the distribution system with DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) capabilities. The estimated perturb and observe algorithm is used for maximum power point tracking to obtain maximum power from a solar photovoltaic (PV) array. The MSOGI‐based control algorithm is used for load balancing, harmonics elimination, and power factor correction and delivering active power to the grid. The MSOGI‐FLL has advantages of adaptive nature with frequency variation and better harmonics filtering capabilities when compared with conventional algorithms, which is demonstrated with frequency domain analysis. The comparative performance of amplitude extraction capabilities with conventional algorithms is also demonstrated. This system configuration is simulated in MATLAB®/Simulink. The proposed control algorithm is verified on a developed prototype for various conditions like variable solar insolation level, load balancing, reactive power compensation, PV to DSTATCOM mode, and DSTATCOM to PV mode. The total harmonic distortions of grid voltages and currents are found well within the limits of an IEEE‐519 standard.
Adaptive hysteresis compensation of piezoelectric actuator using direct inverse modelling approach
Authors: Qin Yanding , Jia Rurui
Published: September 2017

Hysteretic non‐linearity significantly degrades the motion accuracy of piezoelectric actuators (PEAs). Hysteresis modelling and inversion (MI) is a widely‐accepted hysteresis compensation approach. Alternately, direct inverse modelling (DIM) approach has also been proposed to directly identify the inverse hysteresis model. DIM is superior to MI as the inversion calculation has been totally eliminated, making DIM applicable in both rate‐independent and rate‐dependent hysteretic systems. This work proposes a further development of DIM by integrating adaptive projection (AP) algorithm so that parameters of the inverse hysteresis model can be automatically updated without any off‐line identification. This work compares the proposed method with other methods via tracking continuous and discontinuous trajectories. Experimental results show that the integration of DIM and AP is effective in attenuating the hysteretic non‐linearity and improving the trajectory tracking performance of the PEA.
The COSMOS2015 galaxy stellar mass function
Authors: Davidzon I. , Ilbert O. , Laigle C. , Coupon J. , McCracken H. J. , Delvecchio I. , Masters D. , Capak P. , Hsieh B. C. , Le Fèvre O. , Tresse L. , Bethermin M. , Chang Y.-Y. , Faisst A. L. , Le Floc’h E. , Steinhardt C. , Toft S. , Aussel H. , Dubois C. , Hasinger G. , Salvato M. , Sanders D. B. , Scoville N. , Silverman J. D.
Published: September 2017

We measure the stellar mass function (SMF) and stellar mass density of galaxies in the COSMOS field up to z ~ 6. We select them in the near-IR bands of the COSMOS2015 catalogue, which includes ultra-deep photometry from UltraVISTA-DR2, SPLASH, and Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam. At z> 2.5 we use new precise photometric redshifts with error σz = 0.03(1 + z) and an outlier fraction of 12%, estimated by means of the unique spectroscopic sample of COSMOS (~100 000 spectroscopic measurements in total, more than one thousand having robust zspec> 2.5). The increased exposure time in the DR2, along with our panchromatic detection strategy, allow us to improve the completeness at high z with respect to previous UltraVISTA catalogues (e.g. our sample is >75% complete at 1010 ℳ⊙ and z = 5). We also identify passive galaxies through a robust colour–colour selection, extending their SMF estimate up to z = 4. Our work provides a comprehensive view of galaxy-stellar-mass assembly between z = 0.1 and 6, for the first time using consistent estimates across the entire redshift range. We fit these measurements with a Schechter function, correcting for Eddington bias. We compare the SMF fit with the halo mass function predicted from ΛCDM simulations, finding that at z> 3 both functions decline with a similar slope in thehigh-mass end. This feature could be explained assuming that mechanisms quenching star formation in massive haloes become less effective at high redshifts; however further work needs to be done to confirm this scenario. Concerning the SMF low-mass end, it shows a progressive steepening as it moves towards higher redshifts, with α decreasing from -1.47+0.02-0.02 at z ≃ 0.1 to -2.11+0.30-0.13 at z ≃ 5. This slope depends on the characterisation of the observational uncertainties, which is crucial to properly remove the Eddington bias. We show that there is currently no consensus on the method to quantify such errors: different error models result in different best-fit Schechter parameters.
Singular perturbations for a subelliptic operator
Authors: Mannucci Paola , Marchi Claudio , Tchou Nicoletta
Published: September 2017

We study some classes of singular perturbation problems where the dynamics of the fast variables evolve in the whole space obeying to an infinitesimal operator which is subelliptic and ergodic. We prove that the corresponding ergodic problem admits a solution which is globally Lipschitz continuous and it has at most a logarithmic growth at infinity. The main result of this paper establishes that, as ϵ → 0, the value functions of the singular perturbation problems converge locally uniformly to the solution of an effective problem whose operator and terminal data are explicitly given in terms of the invariant measure for the ergodic operator.
Nickel-Catalyzed Electrochemical Reductive Homocouplings of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides: A Useful Route to Symmetrical
Biaryls
Authors: Sengmany Stéphane , Léonel Eric , Rahil Rima , Le Gall Erwan
Published: September 2017

Due to their widespread presence in functional materials and pharmaceuticals, biaryls are of fundamental importance in organic chemistry. Methods for the synthesis of symmetrical biaryls generally involve both metallic reduction and transition-metal catalysis. In this work, we show that electroreduction can also constitute a very relevant way to achieve the nickel-catalyzed reductive synthesis of symmetrical biaryl compounds. Therefore, it is demonstrated that both aryl and heteroaryl halides undergo reductive coupling to furnish the corresponding symmetrical biaryls in fair to excellent yields. Reactions are performed under very mild conditions thus ensuring important functional group tolerance.
Recent Advances in Magnesium Carbenoid Chemistry
Authors: Kimura Tsutomu
Published: September 2017

Magnesium carbenoids are a class of organomagnesium species possessing a halo group at the α-position. The reactions of magnesium carbenoids can be classified into the following three categories: nucleophilic reactions resembling Grignard reagents, electrophilic reactions resembling organic halides, and rearrangements resembling carbenes. This short review summarizes recent studies on magnesium carbenoids reported between 2010 and 2016, and milestone studies reported before 2010 according to the classification of the reactions into the aforementioned three categories.

1 Introduction

2 Structures of Magnesium Carbenoids

3 Reactions of Magnesium Carbenoids as Nucleophiles

3.1 Nucleophilic Reactions of Magnesium Carbenoids

3.2 Nucleophilic Reactions of Magnesium Alkylidene Carbenoids

3.3 Nucleophilic Reactions of Cyclopropylmagnesium Carbenoids

4 Electrophilic Reactions of Magnesium Carbenoids

4.1 Reactions with Nucleophiles Followed by Electrophiles

4.2 Reactions with Nucleophiles Possessing Electrophilic Functional Groups

4.3 Nucleophilic Substitution Followed by β-Elimination

5 Rearrangements of Magnesium Carbenoids

5.1 1,2-Shifts of Magnesium Carbenoids

5.2 1,3-C–H Insertions of Magnesium Carbenoids

5.3 1,5-C–H Insertions of Magnesium Carbenoids

5.4 [2+1] Cycloaddition of a Magnesium Carbenoid

6 Conclusion and Outlook
Inhibition of Factors XI and XII for Prevention of Thrombosis Induced by Artificial Surfaces
Authors: Tillman Benjamin , Gailani David
Published: September 2017

Exposure of blood to a variety of artificial surface induces contact activation, a process that contributes to the host innate response to foreign substances. On the foreign surface, the contact factors, factor XII (FXII), and plasma prekallikrein undergo reciprocal conversion to their fully active protease forms (FXIIa and α-kallikrein, respectively) by a process supported by the cofactor high-molecular-weight kininogen. Contact activation can trigger blood coagulation by conversion of factor XI (FXI) to the protease FXIa. There is interest in developing therapeutic inhibitors to FXIa and FXIIa because these activated factors can contribute to thrombosis in certain situations. Drugs targeting these proteases may be particularly effective in thrombosis triggered by exposure of blood to the surfaces of implantable medical devices. Here, we review clinical data supporting roles for FXII and FXI in thrombosis induced by medical devices, and preclinical data suggesting that therapeutic targeting of these proteins may limit surface-induced thrombosis.
The Bigger Picture: Picking the Right Soap Box—Is it Possible to Connect with Different Audience Targets (Practitioners and Patients) from the Same Platform?
Authors: Abbass Mohammed , Keshava Hari , Delaney Conor
Published: September 2017

The use of Internet and social media has skyrocketed in the past decade. It did not take long until physicians realized that they could use social media as a tool for communication with patients and colleagues. Since then use of social media has exploded and the information that has become available for physicians and their patients is remarkable. In addition, because of the immediacy of the platform, messages that are incorrect or not desired can be rapidly promoted, whether deliberately or accidentally. To obtain the best use of social media, the right platform should be chosen, and this varies depending on the group one is trying to reach, and the message or visibility desired. In this article, we review the variety of options available to users.
Classification of Vascular Anomalies: An Update
Authors: Steiner Jack , Drolet Beth
Published: September 2017

Vascular anomalies present both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to physicians. Identification of these lesions is difficult due to their immense phenotypic variability, and naming conventions for vascular anomalies have historically been inconsistent. Terms such as “hemangioma” are informative when used correctly, but can cause confusion and miscommunication if applied indiscriminately to all vascular anomalies. Accuracy in classification is essential, as both disease course and therapeutic options differ greatly depending on the particular vascular anomaly present. In order for clinicians to properly diagnose and treat patients with these diseases, a unified nomenclature must be employed. This section provides an update on the current classification of vascular anomalies, with clinical descriptions of the most commonly encountered lesions, and clarifies the ambiguous nomenclature present in the existing literature.
Advances in the Medical Management of Vascular Anomalies
Authors: Ricci Kiersten
Published: September 2017

Vascular anomalies comprise a spectrum of diseases that are broadly classified as tumors and malformations. Diagnosis is often challenging, given a wide range of clinical presentations with overlapping signs and symptoms. Accurate diagnosis is critical to determine prognosis and to generate a management plan, which frequently involves multiple subspecialists during different phases of treatment. An updated classification system provides structure and clear, consistent terminology, allowing for improved diagnosis, provider communication, and collaboration. Historically, treatment of vascular anomalies was primarily surgical and medical therapies were limited or ineffective. Recent discoveries of pharmacologic agents effective in treating vascular anomalies have broadened our medical therapeutic options, limiting the need for unnecessary or high-risk procedures and improving patients' quality of life.
Angioarchitecture of Hereditary Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Burrows Patricia
Published: September 2017

This article describes three hereditary conditions known to be associated with arteriovenous malformation (AVM), along with their clinical and imaging features and angiographic angioarchitecture. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, capillary malformation–AVM (CM–AVM), and PTEN tumor hamartoma syndrome are conditions with autosomal dominant inheritance, caused by mutations in different molecular pathways, which frequently present with symptomatic AVMs. Imaging biomarkers, including sites of predilection, angioarchitecture, and tissue overgrowth patterns, are helpful in identifying these patients and selecting appropriate treatment.
von Willebrand Factor and Venous Thromboembolism: Pathogenic Link and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Calabrò Paolo , Gragnano Felice , Golia Enrica , Grove Erik
Published: September 2017

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a major determinant of hemostasis and clot formation, in both arteries and veins. Although VWF is mainly known for its role in arterial thrombosis, several studies suggest a pathogenic role for VWF and its regulator ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) in venous thrombosis. Nongenetic and genetic factors, including gene mutations and polymorphisms, aging, hormone status, ABO blood groups, and systemic inflammation, have been involved in the modulation of both VTE predisposition and plasma levels of VWF. In several clinical settings, including inflammatory disease and cancer, VWF and ADAMTS-13 are currently investigated as possible determinants of vein thrombosis. These data indicate VWF as a potential therapeutic target in the management of VTE. Several studies report unselective antagonism of VWF for drugs used in daily clinical practice, including heparin and statins. Selective inhibition of VWF pathway has recently been tested in animal models of arterial and venous thrombosis as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent platelet aggregation and thrombosis, promote vein lumen recanalization, and improve vein valve competency with excellent safety profile. In this review, we summarize the role of VWF in VTE, focusing on clinical and potential therapeutic implications.
Mechanisms of Platelet Dysfunction in Patients with Implantable Devices
Authors: Casan Joshua , Andrews Robert , Gardiner Elizabeth , Davis Amanda
Published: September 2017

As treatment options in modern medicine continue to expand, physicians globally have witnessed a veritable explosion in the utility of therapeutic devices. Particularly within the spheres of cardiology and critical care medicine, a plethora of devices are now available with an ever-increasing range of clinical indications. Additionally, the advent of transcatheter-mounted devices has enabled patients unsuitable for more invasive procedures to benefit from intervention, thereby greatly expanding the cohort of device-eligible patients. However, despite advances in design and materials, as well as pharmacological prophylaxis, hemostatic complications continue to plague device recipients, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Elucidating the complex interplay between components of the hemostatic system and cardiac devices has been the subject of much recent research, with greater focus on the coagulation cascade and device-induced perturbations. However, less is known about impact of mechanical surfaces on platelets and the resultant clinical complications, both hemorrhagic and thrombotic. This review will focus on exploring the pathobiology of platelet–surface interactions, contextualized within the wider hemostatic system, with a focus on the increasingly utilized technologies of transcatheter aortic-valve implantation, ventricular assist devices, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
The Lupus Anticoagulant Paradox
Authors: Molhoek Jessica , de Groot Philip , Urbanus Rolf
Published: September 2017

Lupus anticoagulant (LA) represents the most enigmatic antibody population in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and represents a paradox that is still unsolved. This class of antiphospholipid antibody causes a phospholipid-dependent prolongation of the clotting time but is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. In this review, we will provide an overview of the different antibodies that have been associated with LA activity, their importance based on clinical studies, and address the question why this prolongation of the clotting time is associated with thrombosis rather than a bleeding tendency.
The Surgical Treatment of Posttraumatic Skull Base Defects with Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Authors: Thapa Ashish , Lei Bing-Xi , Zheng Mei-Guang , Li Zhong-Jun , Liu Zheng-Hao , Deng Yue-Fei
Published: September 2017

Objectives The objective was to explore further the surgical treatment of posttraumatic skull base defects with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and to identify the most common factors affecting the surgical treatment of posttraumatic skull base defect with CSF leak retrospectively.

Materials and Methods This study included 144 patients with head trauma having skull base defect with CSF leak who had been surgically treated at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from 1998 to June 2016. There were 113 (78.5%) males and 31 (21.5%) females, with age ranging from 1 to 78 years and mean age of 26.58 ± 14.95 years. We explored the surgical approaches for the treatment of the skull base defect and the graft materials used and also measured the association among surgical approaches; location, size, and type of skull base defects; presence or absence of associated intracranial pathologies; postoperative complications; outcome; age; Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at discharge; and days of hospital stay.

Results The location, size, and types of skull base defect and the presence of associated intracranial pathologies were the common factors identified not only for choosing the appropriate surgical approach but also for choosing the materials for defect repair, timing of the surgery, and the method used for the defect as well as leak repair. The statistically significant correlation with p < 0.001 was found in this study.

Conclusion From this study, we could conclude that size, location, and types of the defect and the presence of associated intracranial injuries were the common factors that affected the surgical treatment of posttraumatic skull base defect with CSF leak. Hence, the importance of careful evaluation of these factors is essential for proper selection of the surgical approach and for avoiding unnecessary hassles.
Tratamento da doença de Kienbock com colapso cárpico (Lichtman IIIb) com osteotomia de encurtamento do radio - 16 casos
Authors: Botelheiro J. C. , Silverio S.
Published: September 2017

Objectivos. Rever os resultados das osteotomias de encurtamento do rádio efectuadas nos doentes com doença de Kienbock avançada (estadio IIIB).

Material e métodos. Nos últimos 24 anos operámos 50 casos de doença de Kienbock com osteotomia de encurtamento do rádio. 16 tinham já colapso cárpico (Lichtman IIIB). Os seus processos clínicos e radiografias foram revistos.

Resultados. Os bons resultados clínico obtidos em doentes só com colapso do semi-lunar (Lichtman IIIA) confirmam os da literatura, mas obtivemos resultados igualmente bons em casos já com colapso cárpico (Lichtman IIIB), que apresentamos.

Conclusões. Os resultados aqui apresentados poderiam alargar as clássicas indicações da osteotomia de encurtamento do rádio no tratamento da doença de Kienbock
Aktuelle Therapiekonzepte bei oberflächlichen malignen Tumoren
Authors: Scholz Simone , Eckstein Anja , Dekowski Dirk , Esser Joachim , Westekemper Henrike , Steuhl Klaus
Published: September 2017

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten bei den häufigsten malignen oberflächlichen Tumoren abgehandelt, hierzu gehören Basalzellkarzinome, konjunktivale Lymphome, Plattenepithelkarzinome und maligne Melanome und deren Vorstufen. Entscheidend für die richtige Diagnostik und Therapie ist eine ausführliche Anamnese, Spaltlampenuntersuchung und Fotodokumentation des Tumorbefunds. Aber auch regelmäßige Kontrollen nach erfolgter Therapie sind unabdingbar.

Das Basalzellkarzinom ist der häufigste Tumor der periokulären Haut. Histologisch werden 3 Subtypen (nodulär, superfiziell, Morpheatyp) unterschieden. Eine vollständige Exzision mit entsprechendem Sicherheitsabstand ist immer anzustreben.

Das Lymphom ist der häufigste maligne primäre Tumor der Augenhöhle und der okulären Adnexe. Es kann sowohl primär als auch sekundär, im Rahmen einer lymphatischen Systemerkrankung, als auch ein- oder beidseitig auftreten. Das MALT-Lymphom (MALT: Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) betrifft am häufigsten die Konjunktiven mit 20 – 33%. Therapeutisch wird standardmäßig eine perkutane Bestrahlung des Tumors angewandt.

Die Plattenepithelkarzinome der Bindehaut und deren Vorstufen (CIN I – III) stellen ebenfalls eine der häufigsten Tumorentitäten am Auge dar. Eine vollständige Tumorexzision ist immer anzustreben, jedoch aufgrund der häufig großflächigen Ausbreitung nicht möglich. Für eine gute Tumorkontrolle sind nach R1-Resektion daher adjuvante Therapien mit Mitomycin C (MMC) oder eine Radiotherapie mit Rutheniumapplikator oder Protonenbestrahlung notwendig.

Das Bindehautmelanom ist selten, es kann jedoch lebensbedrohlich sein. Die primär erworbene Melanose (PEM) mit Atypien (PEM I – III) hat je nach Schweregrad ein erhöhtes Entartungsrisiko, dies macht eine Therapie mit Mitomycin-C-Augentropfen notwendig. Bei Verdacht auf einen malignen Prozess ist immer eine Exzision mittels Non-Touch-Technik anzustreben, damit das Streuungsrisiko von Tumorzellen gering bleibt. Zusätzlich ist, abhängig von Lokalisation und Ausbreitung eines Melanoms, immer eine adjuvante Therapie mittels Rutheniumapplikator oder Protonentherapie notwendig.
Interferon-free cure of chronic Hepatitis C is associated with weight gain during long-term follow-up
Authors: Schlevogt Bernhard , Deterding Katja , Port Kerstin , Siederdissen Christoph , Sollik Lisa , Kirschner Janina , Mix Carola , Manns Michael , Cornberg Markus , Wedemeyer Heiner
Published: September 2017

Background and aim The advent of direct-acting antivirals has revolutionized treatment of chronic hepatitis C with very high cure rates and excellent tolerability compared to interferon-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. However, long-term effects of interferon-free cure of HCV infection on the metabolic condition of patients have not been investigated so far.

Methods We investigated weight development during and after antiviral treatment of hepatitis C. In a prospective single-center cohort study, interferon-free antiviral treatment was initiated in 284 patients. Each patient’s weight was monitored 1 year before the start of treatment, at baseline (BL), end of treatment (EOT), follow-up week 24 (FU24), and follow-up week 48 (FU48).

Results Weight gain after HCV cure was observed in 20 %, 33 %, and 44 % of patients at EOT, FU24, and FU48, respectively. The mean overall weight change at FU48 compared to baseline was 1.45 kg (95 % CI 0.44; 2.46, p = 0.02, compared to the pretreatment period). Multivariate regression revealed age as the only factor predicting weight change at FU48 (B − 0.107, 95 % CI, − 0.202 to − 0.011, p = 0.03), while gender, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, ribavirin, and body mass index had no influence. In the subgroup of patients younger than 60 years, mean weight gain at FU48 compared to baseline was 2.8 kg (95 % CI, 1.23 – 4.4). In contrast, patients 60 years and older had a mean weight change of − 0.04 kg (95 % CI, − 1.12 to 1.03, p = 0.005).

Conclusions Cure of HCV by interferon-free antiviral treatment was associated with weight gain in up to 44 % of patients during long-term follow-up. Weight gain occurred predominantly in patients younger than 60 years. The precise mechanism of weight gain remains to be elucidated.