bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Research on Control System of Hydraulic Test Bench
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Yan Ping
Published: January 2015

With the research and development of a university in hydraulic dynamometer test, we designed a lower machine based on PLC, and giving the power distribution cabinet, electrical and mechanical control system combined with King View software, SIEMENS WINCC software. This study has hand and automatic operation, sensor measuring tank pressure, the measured current measurement power motor, the measurement results sent to our remote devices by Profibus-dp, such as the design of computer use (PC) and remote operation apparatus (Chu Moping). Due to frequency converter is circular soft starting control structure, the motor has no impact at the time of the launch, and stable performance is good, this can improve the service life of the motor and pump greatly.
Risk Assessment of Crowd Crushing and Tramping Accidents in Urban Rail Transit Station Based on DEA
Authors: Jiao Zhi Da , Gan Chun Hui
Published: January 2015

Based on the operation and management of station, the research was mainly about the risk assessment method of the crowd crushing and tramping accidents in urban rail transit stations. The indicator system about the crowd crushing and tramping accidents in urban rail transit station was established. The C2R model of data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used in the risk assessment, and the model was solved with MATLAB programming. The result of the analysis is generally consistent with the actual situation.
Study on Mechanical Performance of Deep Pile Cap Failure
Authors: Guo Hong Lei
Published: January 2015

This paper presents the test of 3 reinforced concrete pile caps and the complete procedure of failure as well as the stressed mechanism, including the description of the occurrence of cracks. The influences of reinforcement types on load-bearing capacity are also probed. A spatial truss model is put forward and can explain satisfactorily some phenomena observed in the test and the failure mechanism is investigated.
Numerical Study on Damage Mechanism of PRC T-Beam under Close-In Blast Loading
Authors: Yan Bo , Zhou Yu Hui , Liu Fei , Jiang Zhi Gang
Published: January 2015

The RC beam damage induced by blast loading might lead to partial or total collapse of bridges. Improved understanding of damage mechanism of the RC beam under blast loading helps advances in the analysis and assessment of bridge damage effects. In this paper, the damage mechanism of prestressed reinforced concrete (PRC) T-beam under close-in blast loading is investigated numerically with a three-dimensional numerical model. The model is validated by comparing simulating results with the experimental data reported by other researchers. Intensive numerical simulations are then carried out to reproduce the damage process of the T-beam as well as to investigate the damage mode and mechanism of the PRC T-beam components.
Uniaxial Spring and Multi-Axial Spring Model for Structural Nonlinear Analysis
Authors: Huang Yan Bin , Huang Wei Ling , Zhang Shou Long , Du Liu Gang , Gao Jin He
Published: January 2015

The paper includes the following models for nonlinear structural analysis purpose: (1) uniaxial spring mode (or one-component model);(2) multi-axial spring model (MS model). Moment-curvature relation model considers distributed nonlinearity as well. By specifying the relation of moment and curvature at critical sections, it is not a discretized-section but similar to the uniaxial model in including no interaction among bending and axial tension/compression. This paper describes the models and presents the related formula.
IV-Characteristics Measurement Error Resulting from Long Cables for Irradiated Bipolar Junction Transistors
Authors: Petrosyants Konstantin O. , Kharitonov Igor A. , Sambursky Lev M. , Kozhukhov Maxim V.
Published: January 2015

I-V-characteristics of an irradiated transistor in many cases should be measured inside the radiation chamber with long cables, which introduces noticeable measurement error. In this paper IV-characteristics of an irradiated bipolar junction transistor measured with the 4-wire and the 2-wire circuits are presented and compared to direct (without cables) measurements. Significant enlargement of measurement error for the 2-wire method in comparison with the 4-wire method is shown for different currents.
The Regular Pattern of Demagnetizing Factor Behaviour of Various ‘Cores’ of Granule-Ball Chains
Authors: Sandulyak Alexander , Sandulyak Anna , Ershova Vera , Shkatov Petr
Published: January 2015

We analyze previously not studied issue on the value, nature and manifestation f a demagnetizing factor of effective channels-magnets formed in magnetized granular media by the chains of contacting granules. We provide the factor values for conditionally defined quasi-solid cores of the channels varying in length and diameter, as well as a corresponding consolidating expression which turned out to be exponential with such an argument as the radical of the core relative size. We emphasize full agreement of this expression with the one for a granular medium, i.e. the medium consisting, basically, of the effective channels bundle according to the developed theory of channel-by-channel (selective) magnetization of granular ferro-magnetic media used, e.g. as operating elements in versatile magnetic separators.
Usefulness of Quartzites for the Production of Ferrosilicon
Authors: Kopeć Grzegorz , Przeliorz Roman
Published: January 2015

The selection of quartzites most suitable for the production of ferrosilicon is realized by way of time-consuming industrial trials or laboratorial studies of, among others, the ability of the silica contained in quartzite to form silicon carbide with a selected reducer. Under industrial conditions, the basic criterion for the evaluation of the suitability of a raw material for the production of ferrosilicon are the technical and economic indicators of the process. Under laboratorial conditions, simple and reliable research methods are searched for, which would allow to determine the usefulness of quartzite in the process of carbon silica reduction. The article discusses comparative thermogravimetric studies as well as alternative investigations of the specific heat of three selected quartzites which fulfill the chemical composition criterion, used in the mixed charge as raw materials for ferrosilicon FeSi75 smelting.
Influence of the Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on the Properties and Microstructure of High Manganese Austenitic-Ferritic Steel
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena , Kuc Dariusz , Niewielski Grzegorz , Chmiela Bartosz
Published: January 2015

New generation high-strength austenitic and austenitic-ferritic manganese steels represent a valid potential in applications for components in the automotive and railway industry due to the perfect combination of high mechanical properties and formability. Applying this new steels with their combination of properties allows for reduce the weight of vehicles by the use reduced cross-section components and thus to reduce fuel consumption. The development and implementation of industrial production and the use as construction materials such interesting and promising steel is conditioned to improve their casting properties and susceptibility to deformation during thermomechanical processes conditions. In this work, applied an new high manganese austenitic-ferritic steel for analysis the influence of the cooling medium in thermomechanical processes on the mechanical properties and structure of researched steel. The steel was hot rolled with finish temperature 900°C and next cooled with different conditions. Change the cooling conditions effect on the changes in the microstructure of the tested steel, observed grain refinement of austenite and ferrite morphology change. Also are changing the mechanical characteristics of the tested steel.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Manganese TWIP Steel after Thermo-Forming Processes
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena , Kuc Dariusz , Horzelska Karina , Śmiglewicz Anna
Published: January 2015

In recent years, the leading scientific centres focus their research on improvement of mechanical properties of steels used for car manufacturing. These steels belong to a so-called 2nd generation of steels showing above-the-average plasticity while maintaining high strength. Thanks to these properties, they may be used successfully in automotive, armaments or railway industries for elements absorbing energy of a collision and ensuring high rigidity of a structure owing to their resistance to breaking. These steels are called TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) steels based on their hardening mechanism. In this paper, results of studies on the influence of parameters of thermo-plastic deformation on selected properties and structure of an X45MnAl20-3V austenitic steel showing the TWIP effect are presented. Moreover, an analysis of influence of the deformation on the structure of the studied steel in tensile tests has been carried out. The studied steel was manufactured by classic casting to a concast mould, obtaining ingots with dimensions of 100×100 mm, then subjected to rolling in 4 roll passes to a final thickness of 12 mm and 3 mm. The finish-rolling temperature was 950°C and the sheets were cooled in 2 media, i.e. in air and in water. It was confirmed that the studied steel belongs to the TWIP group of steels, with mechanical twinning being the prevailing process of hardening during deformation.
The D0 Ig-like Domain Plays a Central Role in the Stronger Binding of KIR3DL2 to B27 Free H Chain Dimers
Authors: Hatano Hiroko , Shaw Jacqueline , Marquardt Kaitlin , Zhang Zhiyong , Gauthier Laurent , Chanteux Stephanie , Rossi Benjamin , Li Demin , Mitchell Julie , Kollnberger Simon
Published: January 2015

We proposed that the killer cell Ig-like receptor KIR3DL2 binding more strongly to HLA-B27 (B27) β2-microglobulin free H chain (FHC) dimers than other HLA–class I molecules regulates lymphocyte function in arthritis and infection. We compared the function of B27 FHC dimers with other class I H chains and identified contact residues in KIR3DL2. B27 FHC dimers interacted functionally with KIR3DL2 on NK and reporter cells more strongly than did other class I FHCs. Mutagenesis identified key residues in the D0 and other Ig-like domains that were shared and distinct from KIR3DL1 for KIR3DL2 binding to B27 and other class I FHCs. We modeled B27 dimer binding to KIR3DL2 and compared experimental mutagenesis data with computational “hot spot” predictions. Modeling predicts that the stronger binding of B27 dimers to KIR3DL2 is mediated by nonsymmetrical complementary contacts of the D0 and D1 domains with the α1, α2, and α3 domains of both B27 H chains. In contrast, the D2 domain primarily contacts residues in the α2 domain of one B27 H chain. These findings provide novel insights about the molecular basis of KIR3DL2 binding to B27 and other ligands and suggest an important role for KIR3DL2–B27 interactions in controlling the function of NK cells in B27+ individuals.
Duox1-Derived H2O2 Modulates Cxcl8 Expression and Neutrophil Recruitment via JNK/c-JUN/AP-1 Signaling and Chromatin Modifications
Authors: de Oliveira Sofia , Boudinot Pierre , Calado Ângelo , Mulero Victoriano
Published: January 2015

DUOX1-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and CXCL8 are two key neutrophil chemoattractants. H2O2 is critical at the early phase, whereas CXCL8 plays a key role in the late phases of recruitment, but the crosstalks between the two phases in vivo remain unknown. In this study using zebrafish, we report that H2O2 also contributes to neutrophil recruitment to injuries at the late phase as it induces Cxcl8 expression in vivo through a JNK/c-JUN/AP-1 signaling pathway. However, Erk and NF-κB signaling were not involved in this crosstalk. Strikingly, H2O2 also promotes cxcl8 expression through modulation of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation, histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation, and histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation levels at its promoter. These results explain how early H2O2 signal regulates neutrophil recruitment at all phases, directly via Lyn oxidation or indirectly by modulating cxcl8 gene expression, via the activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, and further point out H2O2/DUOX1 as a key drug target for anti-inflammatory therapies.
Examining the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and conventional medicine in breast cancer patients medicated with estrogen antagonists
Authors: Hervik Jill , Mjaland Odd
Published: January 2015

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, with a 10.4% incidence rate worldwide. It is the fifth most common cause of death. Treatment includes surgery, radiation and drugs. Conventional treatment of estrogen receptor positive types of tumors involves the use of hormone therapy. The side-effects of these drugs, i.e. menopausal type symptoms, are an extra burden to women with breast cancer. Further use of drugs to treat such side-effects often provokes adverse symptoms, prompting a search for alternative types of treatment. This paper aims to review research into the use of traditional Chinese medical acupuncture to combat side-effects in breast cancer patients medicated with estrogen antagonists, and examine its complementary role.
Launching proton-dominated jets from accreting Kerr Black Holes: the case of M87
Authors: Brezinski Felix F. , Hujeirat Ahmad A.
Published: January 2015

A general relativistic model for the formation and acceleration of low mass-loaded jets from systems containing accreting black holes is presented. The model is based on previous numerical results and theoretical studies in the Newtonian regime, but modified to include the effects of space-time curvature in the vicinity of the event horizon of a spinning black hole. It is argued that the boundary layer between the Keplerian accretion disk and the event horizon is best suited for the formation and acceleration of the accretion-powered jets in active galactic nuclei and micro-quasars. The model presented here is based on matching the solutions of three different regions: i- a weakly magnetized Keplerian accretion disk in the outer part, where the transport of angular momentum is mediated through the magentorotational instability, ii- a strongly magnetized, advection-dominated and turbulent-free boundary layer (BL) between the outer cold accretion disk and the event horizon and where the plasma rotates sub-Keplerian and iii- a transition zone (TZ) between the BL and the overlying corona, where the electrons and protons are thermally uncoupled, highly dissipative and rotate super-Keplerian. In the BL, the gravitation-driven dynamical collapse of the plasma increases the strength of the poloidal magnetic field (PMF) significantly, subsequently suppressing the generation and dissipation of turbulence and turning off the primary source of heating. In this case, the BL appears much fainter than standard disk models so as if the disk truncates at a certain radius. The action of the PMF in the BL is to initiate torsional Alf`ven waves that transport angular momentum from the embedded plasma vertically into the TZ, where a significant fraction of the shear-generated toroidal magnetic field reconnects, thereby heating the protons up to the virial-temperature. Also, the strong PMF forces the electrons to cool rapidly, giving rise therefore to the formation of a gravitationally unbound two-temperature proton-dominated outflow. Our model predicts the known correlation between the Lorentz-factor and the spin parameter of the BH. It also shows that the effective surface of the BL, through which the baryons flow into the TZ, shrinks with increasing the spin parameter, implying therefore that low mass-loaded jets most likely originate from around Kerr black holes. When applying our model to the jet in the elliptical galaxy M87, we find a spin parameter a ∈ [0.99, 0.998], a transition radius rtr ≈ 30 gravitational radii and a fraction of 0.05 − 0.1 of the mass accretion rate goes into the TZ, where the plasma speeds up its outward-oriented motion to reach a Lorentz factor Γ ∈ [2.5, 5.0] at rtr.
Investigation of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Lavdaniti Maria , Tsitsis Nikolaos
Published: January 2015

Nausea and vomiting are the most important problems in patients undergoing chemotherapy, despite the recent improvements in the administration of antiemetic drugs. Through a review of the literature, we found that there are several nursing researches focusing on the effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the symptom of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The study also investigated the impact of nausea and vomiting on patients’ ability to respond to daily activities. The study is descriptive; the sample included patients with different types of cancer and receiving chemotherapy. The inclusion criteria were: the histological diagnosis of cancer, the administration of chemotherapy and the knowledge of the Greek language. The questionnaires used were: the MASCC (vomiting questionnaire), the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and the scale of functional assessment of cancer therapy. Data collection took place in oncological hospitals of Thessaloniki and Athens in Greece. For statistical analysis we used the statistical package SPSS 15.0.
Domestic violence and abuse in intimate relationship from public health perspective
Authors: Rakovec-Felser Zlatka
Published: January 2015

In this article we pay attention to the vio- lence which, due to the fear of social stigma, could be hidden from the public eye for a long time but could have serious health consequences for the individual, family, and society – physical and psychological forms of domestic violence and abuse in male-female intimate relationship. Besides its nature and extent data in general population, we review also the surveys data about its theoretical basis, its risk factors and possible effects on mental and physical health, not only on in conflicts involved partners, but also on family as a whole, and especially on the children that growing up in such a problematic domestic circumstances.
Exploring the role of self-esteem and parenting patterns on alcohol use and abuse among adolescents
Authors: Glozah Franklin N.
Published: January 2015

The type of parental child-rearing practices used by parents and guardians substantially influence children’s self-esteem and consequently their decision to engage in alcohol use, its abuse. The aim of this study was to explore the role of self-esteem and parenting patterns on alcohol use and abuse among adolescents. Three hundred and sixteen boys and girls in Senior High Schools completed self-report questionnaires assessing self-esteem, parenting patterns and alcohol use and abuse. The results showed that while girls reported lesser self-esteem than boys, boys reported higher levels of alcohol use and abuse than girls. Also, authoritative parenting pattern had a positive effect on self-esteem and a negative effect on alcohol use. On the other hand, authoritarian and permissive parenting patterns had negative effects on self-esteem and positive effects on alcohol use, with slight variations. These results provide valuable information regarding strategies aimed at fostering parent-child relationship and rapport with the ultimate aim of bolstering the self-esteem of adolescents to subsequently eschew insalubrious behaviour, particularly alcohol use and abuse.
A new entropy model for RNA: part III. Is the folding free energy landscape of RNA funnel shaped?
Authors: Dawson Wayne , Takai Toshikuni , Ito Nobuharu , Shimizu Kentaro , Kawai Gota
Published: January 2015

The concept of a free energy (FE) landscape, in which the conformations of a polymer progressively take on the structure of the native state while spiraling down a FE surface that resembles the shape of a funnel, has long been viewed as the reason why a complex protein structure forms so rapidly compared to the number of conformations available to it. On the other hand, this landscape picture is less clear with RNA due to the multiplicity of conformations and the uncertainties in the current thermodynamics. It is therefore sometimes proposed that within the ensemble of suboptimal states of the RNA molecule, the vast majority of those states all closely resemble the native state and therefore simply overwhelm the few states that represent the global minimum FE. However, calculations of the free energy of observed structures often suggest that the most frequently observed cluster of structures are far from the minimum FE, particularly in the case of long sequences. If so, then such a FE surface is unlikely to be funnel shaped. We have been developing a version of vsfold that can evaluate the suboptimal structures of the FE surface (through a modified version called vs_subopt). Here we show that the ensemble of suboptimal structures for a number of known RNA structures can actually be both close to the minimum FE and also be the dominant observed structure when a proper Kuhn length is selected. Two state aptamers known as riboswitches can show neighboring FE states in the suboptimal structures that match the observed structures and their relative difference in FE is well within the range of the binding free energy of the metabolite. For the riboswitches and other short RNA sequences (less than 250 nt), the flow of the suboptimal structures (including pseudoknots) tended to resemble a rock rolling down a hill along the reaction coordinate axis. An important insight yielded by the cross-linking entropy (CLE) model is that the global entropy limits the size of domains. Hence, based on the CLE model, Levinthal’s paradox is overcome by the funnel shape in the FE, by a reduction in the number of degrees of freedom due to Kuhn length, and by limits on the size of the domains that can form. These concepts are also applicable to calculating transition rates between different suboptimal structures.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Anterior Mediastinum: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Kalra Babusha , Kingsley Pamela Alice , Bedi Harinder Singh , Kwatra Kanwardeep Singh , Negi Preeti
Published: January 2015

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare tumor that accounts for 5% of all thoracic neoplasm usually located in the posterior mediastinum and is generally associated with a poor outcome. We present a case of MPNST of the anterior mediastinum presenting in a rare location leading to diagnostic dilemmas and treated primarily by surgical resection.
Prostatic Stromal Sarcoma in an Adolescent: The Role of Chemotherapy
Authors: Cavaliere Elena , Alaggio Rita , Castagnetti Marco , Scarzello Giovanni , Bisogno Gianni
Published: January 2015

Prostatic stromal sarcoma (PSS) is a rare tumor that normally occurs in adult age. Its management relies mainly on surgery. We report the first case of PSS occurring in an adolescent. There was evidence of a good response to chemotherapy including ifosfamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and actinomycin-D, although the final outcome was dismal. A review of the English literature revealed 14 additional patients with PSS treated with chemotherapy: tumor shrinkage was reported in 4 of the 6 evaluable patients. Patients with PSS may benefit from the use of chemotherapy in combination with early aggressive local treatment.
Surgical Management of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Using Lateral Rhinotomy: Study of 80 Cases
Authors: Gaikwad Ninad , Sathe Nilam , Bhatia Abhijeet , Chiplunkar Dhanashree , Patil Manoj
Published: January 2015

A series of 80 patients with histopathologically confirmed juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were treated surgically over a period of ten years (1995–2004). The lateral rhinotomy approach was used to expose the tumor and its extensions. Lateral rhinotomy with its extensions provides wide exposure of and access to the nose, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa and temporal fossa. Most intracranial, extradural extensions can also be approached. There were no major operative or post-operative complications. Longterm follow up from one to ten years showed only 8 recurrences. The added advantage of this approach is that it can be combined with all the other anterior and lateral skull base approaches. The cosmetic outcome is satisfactory if nasal aesthetic subunits are taken into considerations while making the incision. The lateral rhinotomy approach is the most direct route to the body of the tumor and can be used to approach all the possible extensions of the tumor.
Biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney in male Wistar albino rats following exposure to Solignum®: a permethrincontaining wood preservative
Authors: Patrick-Iwuanyanwu Kingsley C. , Charles Iniobong A.
Published: January 2015

The present investigation was aimed to determine the effect of sub-chronic exposure to Solignum®, a permethrin-containing wood preservative on biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidneys of male Wistar albino rats. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control and three treatment concentrations containing 8 rats each. The treatment groups were exposed to Solignum® at dose rates of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively per day orally for four weeks. Data obtained from the study showed a progressive increase in the body weight of rats in control whereas, rats treated with different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) of Solignum® decreased significantly (≤0.05) especially at the end of the second and fourth week when compared with control. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the relative liver weights of rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg BW Solignum® while rats treated with 400 mg/kg BW showed a significant increase when compared with control. The relative weight of kidneys in experimental groups increased significantly when compared with control. Biochemical analysis results illustrated that there was a significant increase in marker enzymes namely alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity at the end of the fourth week. Similarly, total bilirubin, serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl-) levels increased in a dose dependent manner in treated rats when compared with untreated control group. Serum total protein decreased significantly in experimental rats when compared with control. However, cholesterol and triglycerides showed no significant difference when compared with control. Histopathological examination of hepatocytes in treated rats was characterized by mild periportal inflammatory cells and cytoplasmic degeneration. Furthermore, histopathological examination of rat kidneys revealed inflammatory cells, congested vessel and interstitial hemorrhage in rats treated with Solignum®. Therefore, this present study is aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials associated with sub-chronic exposure to the commercial pesticide Solignum®.
Short-term immunotoxic effects of an anti-cancer drug (Etoposide) on the freshwater pondsnail Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Boisseaux P. , Gust M. , Betoulle S. , Garric J.
Published: January 2015

Not available
A convenient device for xenobiotic dosing and haemolymph sampling in Carcinus maenas (Portunidae, Decapoda)
Authors: Robert A. , Rocher B. , Nihoul F. , Monsinjon T. , Le Foll F. , Knigge T.
Published: January 2015

Not available
Multi-metallic contamination around former uranium mines induces adverse effects and acclimation disturbance in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Le Guernic A. , Sanchez W. , Betoulle S. , Gagnaire B.
Published: January 2015

Not available

 
Coaching on the axis
Authors: Struwig Henk
Published: January 2015

No abstract available.
Review of two books on salutogenesis
Authors: Viviers Rian
Published: January 2015

No abstract available.
Принцип Мопертюи-Якоби для гамильтонианов вида $f(x,|p|)$ в некоторых двумерных стационарных квазиклассических задачах
Authors: Dobrokhotov Sergey Yur'evich , Minenkov Dmitrii Sergeevich , Rouleux Michel
Published: January 2015

В статье рассматриваются двумерные асимптотические формулы,
основанные на каноническом операторе Маслова,
возникающие в некоторых стационарных задачах для дифференциальных
и псевдодифференциальных уравнений.
Мы показываем как в случае лагранжевых многообразий,
инвариантных относительно гамильтонова потока
с гамильтонианами вида $F(x,|p|)$,
асимптотические формулы можно упростить,
заменив с помощью хорошо известного в классической механике
принципа соответствия Мопертюи-Якоби гамильтонианы $F(x,|p|)$
на гамильтониан вида $C(x)|p|$, возникающий, в частности,
в геометрической оптике и связанный с финслеровой метрикой.
В качестве примеров рассматриваются гамильтонианы,
соответствующие уравнению Шрeдингера, двумерному уравнению Дирака
и псевдодифференциальным уравнениям для поверхностных волн на воде.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Средние значения некоторых мультипликативных функций
Authors: Sedunova A A
Published: January 2015

В работе получены асимптотические формулы для средних значений
ряда арифметических функций $f=f(n)$ на "коротком" промежутке
вида $x<n\le x+h$, где длина $h$ отличается от $x$
степенным понижением: $h=x^{1-\delta}$, $0<\delta<1$.
Библиография: 10 названий.
Real-Time Assessments of the Strength of Program Implementation for Community Case Management of Childhood Illness: Validation of a Mobile Phone-Based Method in Malawi
Authors: Hazel Elizabeth , Amouzou Agbessi , Park Lois , Banda Benjamin , Chimuna Tiyese , Guenther Tanya , Nsona Humphreys , Victora Cesar G. , Bryce Jennifer
Published: January 2015

Health surveillance assistants (HSAs) in Malawi have provided community case management (CCM) since 2008; however, program monitoring remains challenging. Mobile technology holds the potential to improve data, but rigorous assessments are few. This study tested the validity of collecting CCM implementation strength indicators through mobile phone interviews with HSAs. This validation study compared mobile phone interviews with information obtained through inspection visits. Sensitivity and specificity were measured to determine validity. Using mobile phones to interview HSAs on CCM implementation strength indicators produces accurate information. For deployment, training, and medicine stocks, the specificity and sensitivity of the results were excellent (> 90%). The sensitivity and specificity of this method for drug stock-outs, supervision, and mentoring were lower but with a few exceptions, still above 80%. This study provided a rigorous assessment of the accuracy of implementation strength data collected through mobile technologies and is an important step forward for evaluation of public health programs.
Ocean biogeochemistry in the warm climate of the late Paleocene
Authors: Heinze M. , Ilyina T.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The late Paleocene is characterized by warm and stable climatic conditions that served as the background climate for the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~55 million years ago). With respect to feedback processes in the carbon cycle, the ocean biogeochemical background state is of major importance for projecting the climatic response to a carbon perturbation related to the PETM. Therefore, we use the Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle model (HAMOCC), embedded in the ocean general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, MPIOM, to constrain the ocean biogeochemistry of the late Paleocene. We focus on the evaluation of modeled spatial and vertical distributions of the ocean carbon cycle parameters in a long-term warm steady-state ocean, based on a 560 ppm CO2 atmosphere. Model results are discussed in the context of available proxy data and simulations of pre-industrial conditions. Our results illustrate that ocean biogeochemistry is shaped by the warm and sluggish ocean state of the late Paleocene. Primary production is slightly reduced in comparison to the present day; it is intensified along the Equator, especially in the Atlantic. This enhances remineralization of organic matter, resulting in strong oxygen minimum zones and CaCO3 dissolution in intermediate waters. We show that an equilibrium CO2 exchange without increasing total alkalinity concentrations above today's values is achieved. However, consistent with the higher atmospheric CO2, the surface ocean pH and the saturation state with respect to CaCO3 are lower than today. Our results indicate that, under such conditions, the surface ocean carbonate chemistry is expected to be more sensitive to a carbon perturbation (i.e., the PETM) due to lower CO32− concentration, whereas the deep ocean calcite sediments would be less vulnerable to dissolution due to the vertically stratified ocean.
ESP v2.0: enhanced method for exploring emission impacts of future scenarios in the United States – addressing spatial allocation
Authors: Ran L. , Loughlin D. H. , Yang D. , Adelman Z. , Baek B. H. , Nolte C. G.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The Emission Scenario Projection (ESP) method produces future-year air pollutant emissions for mesoscale air quality modeling applications. We present ESP v2.0, which expands upon ESP v1.0 by spatially allocating future-year emissions to account for projected population and land use changes. In ESP v2.0, US Census Division-level emission growth factors are developed using an energy system model. Regional factors for population-related emissions are spatially disaggregated to the county level using population growth and migration projections. The county-level growth factors are then applied to grow a base-year emission inventory to the future. Spatial surrogates are updated to account for future population and land use changes, and these surrogates are used to map projected county-level emissions to a modeling grid for use within an air quality model. We evaluate ESP v2.0 by comparing US 12 km emissions for 2005 with projections for 2050. We also evaluate the individual and combined effects of county-level disaggregation and of updating spatial surrogates. Results suggest that the common practice of modeling future emissions without considering spatial redistribution over-predicts emissions in the urban core and under-predicts emissions in suburban and exurban areas. In addition to improving multi-decadal emission projections, a strength of ESP v2.0 is that it can be applied to assess the emissions and air quality implications of alternative energy, population and land use scenarios.
Inverse isolation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen yield for individual land-uses from mosaic land-use patterns within a watershed
Authors: Shih Y.-T. , Lee T.-Y. , Huang J.-C. , Kao S.-J. , Liu K.-K. , Chang F.-J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This study combines the observed riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) export and the controlling factors (land-use, population and discharge) to inversely estimate the effective DIN yield factors for individual land-use and DIN per capita loading. A total of 16 sub-catchments, with different land-use compositions on the Danshui River of Taiwan, were used in this study. Observed riverine DIN concentrations and yields varied from 20–450 μM and 400–10 000 kg N km−2 yr−1 corresponding to the increase of urbanization gradient (e.g. building and population). Meanwhile, the transport behaviors changed from hydrological enhancement to dilution with increasing urbanization as well. Our method shows that the DIN yield factors, independent of discharge, are 12.7, 63.9, and 1381.0 μM, for forest, agriculture, and building, respectively, which equals to 444.5, 2236.5, 48 335 kg N km−2 yr−1 at the given annual runoff of 2500 mm. The agriculture DIN yield only accounts for 10% of fertilizer application indicating the complicated N cascade and possible over fertilization. The DIN per capita loading (~0.49 kg N capita−1 yr−1) which is lower than the documented human N emission (1.6–5.5 kg N capita−1 yr−1) can be regarded as an effective export coefficient after treatment or retention. A conducted scenario experiment supports the observations demonstrating the capability for assessment. We therefore, can extrapolate all possible combinations of land-use, discharge, and population density for evaluation. This can provide a strong basis for watershed management and supplementary estimation for regional to global study.
A new index combining weak layer and slab properties for snow instability prediction
Authors: Schweizer J. , Reuter B.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Snow slope stability evaluation requires considering weak layer as well as slab properties – and in particular their interaction. We developed a stability index from snow micro-penetrometer (SMP) measurements and compared it to 129 concurrent point observations with the compression test (CT). The index considers the SMP-derived micro-structural strength and the additional load, which depends on the hardness of the surface layers. The new quantitative measure of stability discriminated well between point observations rated as either "poor" or "fair" (CT < 19) and those rated as "good" (CT ≥ 19). However, discrimination power within the intermediate range was low. We then applied the index to gridded snow micro-penetrometer measurements from 11 snow slopes to explore the spatial structure and possibly relate it to slope stability. Stability index distributions on the 11 slopes reflected various possible strength and load (stress) distributions that can naturally occur. Their relation to slope stability was poor, possibly because the index does not consider crack propagation. Hence, the relation between spatial patterns of point stability and slope stability remains elusive. Whereas this is the first attempt of a truly quantitative measure of stability, future developments should consider a better reference of stability and incorporate a measure of crack propagation.
Why the 2014 Ludian, Yunnan, China Ms 6.5 earthquake triggered an unusually large landslide?
Authors: Chang Z. F. , Chen X. L. , An X. W. , Cui J. W.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The 3 August 2014 Ludian, China Ms 6.5 earthquake has spawned a mass of severe landslides. Of them the biggest occurred at Hongshiyan near the epicenter, which has 1200 × 104 m3, clogging the Niulanjiang River, and creating a large dammed lake. Post-event field investigations yield detailed data on following aspects: rock structure of landslides, lithology, and geometry of the dam, composition and grain sizes of debris avalanches. Based on these data, this work further analyzes the geology and topography of the Hongshiyan area, and explores the mechanism for occurrence of such an unusual big landslide at this place. Our analysis suggests the following conditions are responsible for this catastrophic event: (1) during the Ms 6.5 earthquake, the special terrain and site conditions led to abnormally strong ground shake. (2) Hongshiyan lies nearby an active fault, where intense crustal deformation resulted in rock fractures and weathering. (3) Intense incision on the river increased topographic relief with steep slopes and scarps. (4) Combined structures, including unloading fissures, high-angle joints and low-angle beds along the river as well as upper-tough and lower-soft structure on the slopes. It is the joint functions of these conditions that triggered such seldom seen landslides during a moderated-sized earthquake.
On the data-driven inference of modulatory networks in climate science: an application to West African rainfall
Authors: González II D. L. , Angus M. P. , Tetteh I. K. , Bello G. A. , Padmanabhan K. , Pendse S. V. , Srinivas S. , Yu J. , Semazzi F. , Kumar V. , Samatova N. F.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Decades of hypothesis-driven and/or first-principles research have been applied towards the discovery and explanation of the mechanisms that drive climate phenomena, such as western African Sahel summer rainfall~variability. Although connections between various climate factors have been theorized, not all of the key relationships are fully understood. We propose a data-driven approach to identify candidate players in this climate system, which can help explain underlying mechanisms and/or even suggest new relationships, to facilitate building a more comprehensive and predictive model of the modulatory relationships influencing a climate phenomenon of interest. We applied coupled heterogeneous association rule mining (CHARM), Lasso multivariate regression, and dynamic Bayesian networks to find relationships within a complex system, and explored means with which to obtain a consensus result from the application of such varied methodologies. Using this fusion of approaches, we identified relationships among climate factors that modulate Sahel rainfall. These relationships fall into two categories: well-known associations from prior climate knowledge, such as the relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and putative links, such as North Atlantic Oscillation, that invite further research.
Developing Undergraduate Use of OARS: Skill Building for Senior Year Kinesiology Students
Authors: Coumbe-Lilley John , Weidner Arin
Published: January 2015

This article discusses course development, teaching, instructional methods and skills acquisition in motivational interviewing (MI) for kinesiology students completing a health coaching course in their senior year of undergraduate studies. The paper outlines how students 1) conducted a brief MI session, 2) applied open questions, affirmations, reflections and summaries (OARS) during a brief MI session and 3) identified the use and quality of OARS through the use of a range of learner centered practices (Weimer, 2002) including multi source feedback opportunities and approaches based on Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning cycle. The authors provide ten recommendations for educators and trainers to help them develop their practice in the teaching, learning and assessment of MI in undergraduate students or new-to-MI learners.
CURVAS DE SECAGEM E AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE DE ÁGUA DA BANANA PASSA
Authors: CANO-CHAUCA MILTON , RAMOS AFONSO M. , STRINGHETA PAULO C. , MARQUES JOSÉ ANTONIO , SILVA POLLYANNA IBRAHIM
Published: January 2015

Curvas de secagem de banana passa foram determinadas, utilizando-se três temperaturas do ar de secagem. Os resultados indicaram que para reduzir o teor de umidade do produto até 23,5% foram necessários tempos de secagem de 51, 36 e 30 horas paras as temperaturas de 50, 60 e 70ºC, respectivamente. O modelo exponencial U/Uo = exp(-kt) foi ajustado para os dados experimentais mediante análise de regressão não-linear, encontrandose alto coeficiente de regressão linear. Determinou-se a atividade de água do produto ao longo do processo de secagem para as três temperaturas testadas. Estudou-se a correlação entre a atividade de água e o teor de umidade do produto, determinando-se as isotermas de dessorção da banana passa a 25ºC. Observou-se que a atividade de água diminuiu em função do tempo de secagem e do teor de umidade para as três temperaturas de secagem. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados mediante regressão não-linear ao modelo polinomial e a seguinte equação foi obtida: U = -1844,93 + 7293,53Aa  9515,52Aa2 + 4157,196Aa3. O ajuste mostrou-se satisfatório (R2 > 0,90). DRYING CURVES AND WATER ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THE BANANA-PASSES Abstract Banana drying curves were determined by utilizing three drying air temperatures. The results indicated that to reduce the moisture content of the product until 23.5% it were necessary drying times of 51, 36 and 30 hours for temperatures of 50, 60 and 70ºC, respectively. The exponential model U/Uo = exp(-kt) was adjusted for the experimental data by means of non linear regression analysis, and a high coefficient of linear regression was found. The water activity of the product was determined throughout the drying process for the three tested temperatures. The correlation between the water activity and moisture content of the product was studied, and the sorption isotherms were determined at 25º C. It was observed that the water activity decreased in function to the drying time and moisture content for the three drying temperatures. The experimental data were adjusted by means of non linear regression to the polynomial model and the following equation was obtained: U = - 1844.93 + 7293.53A a  9515.52 Aa 2 + 4157.196A a 3. The final adjust was satisfactory (R2 > 0.90).
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CASHEW NUT BRAN IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PROCESSING
Authors: SOARES DENISE JOSINO , SILVA CÂMARA CRISTIANE RODRIGUES , DE FIGUEIREDO EVÂNIA ALTINA TEIXEIRA , MAIA GERALDO ARRAES , DE SOUSA PAULO HENRIQUE MACHADO , DE FIGUEIREDO RAIMUNDO WILANE
Published: January 2015

The present work aimed to characterize the cashew nut bran during several stages of processing, with emphasis in the quantification of total extractable polyphenols and total antioxidant activity. The cashew nut bran was analyzed for the following parameters: water activity, total acidity, pH, moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, total extractable polyphenols and total antioxidant activity by the methods ABTS•+ and DPPH•. There was a decrease in the water activity and moisture in cashew nut bran during processing. The highest values of total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity were observed in raw bran due to peel adhered in these nuts.
ELABORAÇÃO DE HAMBÚRGUER ENRIQUECIDO COM FIBRAS DE CAJU (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: BARROS NARA VANESSA DOS SANTOS , COSTA NATÁLIA QUARESMA , PORTO RAYSSA GABRIELA LIMA , COSTA NATÁLIA QUARESMA , PORTO RAYSSA GABRIELA LIMA , MORGANO MARCELO ANTÔNIO , ARAÚJO MARCOS ANTÔNIO DA MOTA , MORGANO MARCELO ANTÔNIO , ARAÚJO MARCOS ANTÔNIO DA MOTA , DOS REIS REGILDA SARAIVA , DOS REIS REGILDA SARAIVA
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar hambúrguer enriquecido com fibras de caju, realizar análises físicas, químicas e sensoriais para verificar suas características nutritivas e a aceitação do produto. Para determinar a quantidade de bagaço a ser adicionada foram efetuados testes sensoriais preliminares com 10 julgadores treinados, mediante análise descritiva quantitativa, sendo desenvolvidas três formulações de hambúrguer com 20 (F1), 30 (F2) e 50% (F3) de fibras de caju. As determinações da composição centesimal e físico-químicas foram realizadas em triplicata, tanto nos hambúrgueres crus quanto nos cozidos. Efetuou-se avaliação sensorial com 48 julgadores não treinados, usando o teste de comparação múltipla, com uma amostra padrão P (hambúrguer comercial) e escala hedônica. O produto apresentou bom valor nutritivo, com maior conteúdo de fibras e menor teor de gordura, quando comparado ao hambúrguer tradicional. Também se revelou boa fonte de proteínas, resíduo mineral fixo e vitamina C, apresentando elevado teor de zinco. Observou-se que o produto com a adição de 30% de fibras de caju alcançou melhor aceitação pelos julgadores. No teste de comparação múltipla, a formulação F2 foi considerada a melhor em relação à amostra padrão por 43,4% dos julgadores. Constatou-se que conforme se aumentou a porcentagem de bagaço de caju, a aceitação dos hambúrgueres diminuiu. Os resultados obtidos reforçam o potencial tecnológico do bagaço de caju para a elaboração de produtos do tipo hambúrguer, assim como a possibilidade de sua produção e comercialização.