bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Stress in the Immune Function of T Cells, Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Domblides Charlotte , Lartigue Lydia , Faustin Benjamin
Published: June 2018

Innate and adaptive immune cells from myeloid and lymphoid lineages resolve host infection or cell stress by mounting an appropriate and durable immune response. Upon sensing of cellular insults, immune cells become activated and undergo rapid and efficient functional changes to unleash biosynthesis of macromolecules, proliferation, survival, and trafficking; unprecedented events among other mammalian cells within the host. These changes must become operational within restricted timing to rapidly control the insult and to avoid tissue damage and pathogen spread. Such changes occur at high energy cost. Recent advances have established that plasticity of immune functions occurs in distinct metabolic stress features. Evidence has accumulated to indicate that specific metabolic signatures dictate appropriate immune functions in both innate and adaptive immunity. Importantly, recent studies have shed light on whether successfully manipulating particular metabolic targets is sufficient to modulate immune function and polarization, thereby offering strong therapeutic potential for various common immune-mediated diseases, including inflammation and autoimmune-associated diseases and cancer. In this review, we detail how cellular metabolism controls immune function and phenotype within T cells and macrophages particularly, and the distinct molecular metabolic programming and targets instrumental to engage this regulation.
Design and Fabrication of a Narrow Bandpass Filter with Low Dependence on Angle of Incidence
Authors: Jen Yi-Jun , Lin Meng-Jie
Published: June 2018

A multilayer narrow bandpass filter that consists of silver and silicon thin films is designed using the admittance tracing method. Owing to the low loss of silicon in the infrared range, the peak transmittance at a wavelength of 950 nm exceeds 85%. To eliminate the sidebands that are adjacent to the passband, a compact four-layered structure is proposed to generate an angle-insensitive spectrum. In fabrication, a silver-silicon multilayer is deposited to approach the design.
Continuous Flow-Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Swine Waste Water
Authors: Ibekwe Abasiofiok M. , Murinda Shelton E.
Published: June 2018

The microbiological quality of treated waste water is always a concern when waste water is disposed to the environment. However, when treated appropriately, such water can serve many purposes to the general population. Therefore, the treatment and removal of contaminants from swine waste water by continuous flow-constructed wetlands involves complex biological, physical, and chemical processes that may produce better quality water with reduced levels of contaminants. Swine waste contains E. coli populations and other bacterial contaminants originating from swine houses through constructed wetlands, but little is known about E. coli population in swine waste water. To assess the impacts of seasonal variations and the effect of the wetland layout/operations on water quality, E. coli isolates were compared for genetic diversity using repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR). None of the isolates was confirmed as Shiga toxin producing E. coli O157:H7 (STEC); however, other pathotypes, such as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) were identified. Using a 90% similarity index from REP-PCR, 69 genotypes out of 421 E. coli isolates were found. Our data showed that the E. coli population was significantly (p = 0.036) higher in November than in March and August in most of the wetland cells. Furthermore, there was a significant (p = 0.001) reduction in E. coli populations from wetland influent to the final effluent. Therefore, the use of continuous flow-constructed wetlands may be a good treatment approach for reducing contaminants from different waste water sources.
Physical Activity and Physical Fitness of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in Group Homes in Hong Kong
Authors: Chow Bik C. , Choi Peggy H. N. , Huang Wendy Y. J.
Published: June 2018

Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically have a sedentary lifestyle and higher rates of overweight and obesity. This study describes the habitual daily physical activity (PA) and the health-related physical fitness (PF) of adults with mild and moderate ID who resided in four group homes and worked in sheltered workshops. We also assessed the contribution of PF variables towards PA levels and sedentary behavior of this population subgroup. Adults with mild and moderate ID (N = 114) were assessed on PF tests (percent body fat, waist and hip circumferences, 6-min walk (6MWT), arm curl, and sit and reach). PA and sedentary behavior on weekdays were determined using Actigraph accelerometers. Results showed these adults averaged 2% of their daily time (or 10 min) engaged in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and 67% of the time (495 min) being sedentary. No significant differences between mild and moderate ID were found for any PA or PF variable. Linear multiple regression analyses showed 6MWT to be the only significant PF variable contributing to the variance of PA and sedentary behavior. In conclusion, adults with ID reside in group home have low PA and low fitness levels. Among fitness variables, the walking test (i.e., cardiovascular fitness) had the highest positive association with participants’ daily PA, MVPA, and negative association with sedentary behavior. Future intervention studies in promoting PA and fitness for adults with ID are warranted.
Selenium Improves Physiological Parameters and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Strawberry Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress
Authors: Huang Chongping , Qin Nannan , Sun Li , Yu Mingyan , Hu Weizhen , Qi Zhenyu
Published: June 2018

Here, we investigated the effects of selenium (Se) applications on two strawberry varieties, Akihime and Benihoppe, under chilling stress and recovery conditions. Changes in photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle-related enzyme activities, and low-molecular-mass antioxidant contents were determined. Foliar spraying with Se alleviated the decline in the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content and increased the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents of strawberry seedlings’ leaves under chilling stress. As the time under chilling stress increased, the stomatal conductance decreased and intercellular CO2 concentration increased, suggesting that nonstomatal factors had major limiting effects on the net photosynthetic rate’s decrease. Se applications significantly alleviated the adverse impacts of chilling stress on changes in stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. Se, especially at lower concentrations, significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxide enzyme activities during chilling stress. Approximately 5 mg·L−1 of sodium selenite solution had the greatest stress-alleviating effects. Among the AsA-GSH cycle-related enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) treatments, coupled with an appropriate dose of Se, significantly enhanced ascorbate peroxidase and MDHAR activities, which suggested that Se applications played important roles in strawberry leaves by affecting AsA-GSH cycle-related defenses against the oxidative damage caused by chilling stress. Furthermore, MDHAR was the key enzyme required to maintain the balance between AsA consumption and regeneration that may assist in protecting strawberry seedlings in a low-temperature environment.
Diagnosing Lung Cancer: The Complexities of Obtaining a Tissue Diagnosis in the Era of Minimally Invasive and Personalised Medicine
Authors: McLean Anna E. B. , Barnes David J. , Troy Lauren K.
Published: June 2018

The role of the respiratory physician in diagnosing lung cancer has increased in complexity over the last 20 years. Adenocarcinoma is now the prevailing histopathological sub-type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resulting in more peripheral cancers. Conventional bronchoscopy is often not sufficient to obtain adequate tissue samples for diagnosis. Radiologically guided transthoracic biopsy is a sensitive alternative, but carries significant risks. These limitations have driven the development of complimentary bronchoscopic navigation techniques for peripheral tumour localisation and sampling. Furthermore, linear endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is increasingly being chosen as the initial diagnostic procedure for those with central lesions and/or radiological evidence of node-positive disease. This technique can diagnose and stage patients in a single, minimally invasive procedure with a diagnostic yield equivalent to that of surgical mediastinoscopy. The success of molecular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC has led to the increasing challenge of obtaining adequate specimens for accurate tumour subtyping through minimally invasive procedures. This review discusses the changing epidemiology and treatment landscape of lung cancer and explores the utility of current diagnostic options in obtaining a tissue diagnosis in this new era of precision medicine.
Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Collagen from the Skin of Giant Croaker (Nibea japonica)
Authors: Tang Yunping , Jin Shujie , Li Xiaoyan , Li Xiaojuan , Hu Xuyang , Chen Yan , Huang Fangfang , Yang Zuisu , Yu Fangmiao , Ding Guofang
Published: June 2018

Collagen and collagen peptides are widely used as cosmetic ingredients. In the present study, acid-solubilized collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) were extracted from giant croaker (Nibea japonica) skin. The proline hydroxylation rates of ASC and PSC were 38.1% and 39.3%. The denaturation temperatures (Td) were approximately 34.5 °C for both ASC and PSC. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fourier transform infrared spetroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated that ASC and PSC were mainly type I collagen. Furthermore, As, Pb and Hg contents in the extracted collagen were lower than the national standards of China. In addition, collagen had good moisture absorption and retention properties when compared to glycerol. The collagen was also not cytotoxic to NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells, indicating that Nibea japonica skin collagen can be utilized in cosmetic applications.
Bimodal recovery of quadriceps muscle force within 24 hours after sprint cycling for 30 seconds
Authors: Skurvydas Albertas , Masiulis Nerijus , Satkunskienė Danguolė , Stanislovaitis Aleksas , Mamkus Gedminas , Kamandulis Sigitas , Dudonienė Vilma
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate the manifestation of potentiation and fatigue as well as the coexistence of these phenomena at different muscle lengths during a 24-hour period after a sprint cycling for 30 s. Material and methods. Twelve healthy untrained men (mean age 23.6±1.7 years) took part in the experiment. The contractility of quadriceps muscle was studied before (Initial) and 2, 5, 30, 60 min and 24 h after exercise via the electrically evoked contractions at 1, 15, 50 Hz and maximal voluntary contractions at short and long muscle length. Results. 1) In early, fast-recovery phase (within the first 5 min), muscle force evoked by electrical stimulation of 1, 15, 50 Hz was restored at short muscle length, conversely at long length (Initial vs. 5 min: 15 Hz and 50 Hz, both P<0.05), whereas maximal voluntary contraction force was still suppressed at both muscle lengths; 2) in the second phase (from 5 min to 30–60 min), muscle force decreased at low- and high-frequency stimulations and was more expressed at low-frequency stimulation and at short muscle length than that at long length, but the maximum voluntary contraction force recovered to initial; 3) in long-lasting phase (within 24 hours), 15 Hz force was still suppressed at both muscle lengths. Conclusion. A bimodal recovery of contractility of the quadriceps following sprint cycling for 30 s is determined by the concomitant complex interaction of mechanisms enhancing (potentiation) and suppressing (fatigue) contractile potential of the muscle.
Nanocomposite Zinc Oxide-Chitosan Coatings on Polyethylene Films for Extending Storage Life of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Authors: Al-Naamani Laila , Dutta Joydeep , Dobretsov Sergey
Published: June 2018

Efficiency of nanocomposite zinc oxide-chitosan antimicrobial polyethylene packaging films for the preservation of quality of vegetables was studied using okra Abelmoschus esculentus. Low density polyethylene films (LDPE) coated with chitosan-ZnO nanocomposites were used for packaging of okra samples stored at room temperature (25 °C). Compared to the control sample (no coating), the total bacterial concentrations in the case of chitosan and nanocomposite coatings were reduced by 53% and 63%, respectively. The nanocomposite coating showed a 2-fold reduction in total fungal concentrations in comparison to the chitosan treated samples. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the nanocomposite coatings for the reduction of fungal and bacterial growth in the okra samples after 12 storage days. The nanocomposite coatings did not affect the quality attributes of the okra, such as pH, total soluble solids, moisture content, and weight loss. This work demonstrates that the chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite coatings not only maintains the quality of the packed okra but also retards microbial and fungal growth. Thus, chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite coating can be used as a potential coating material for active food packaging applications.
Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin: Experimental and Human Evidence for a Role in Glucose Homeostasis and Muscle Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Lin Xuzhu , Brennan-Speranza Tara C. , Levinger Itamar , Yeap Bu B.
Published: June 2018

Recent advances have indicated that osteocalcin, and in particular its undercarboxylated form (ucOC), is not only a nutritional biomarker reflective of vitamin K status and an indicator of bone health but also an active hormone that mediates glucose metabolism in experimental studies. This work has been supported by the putative identification of G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 6, member A (GPRC6A) as a cell surface receptor for ucOC. Of note, ucOC has been associated with diabetes and with cardiovascular risk in epidemiological studies, consistent with a pathophysiological role for ucOC in vivo. Limitations of existing knowledge include uncertainty regarding the underlying mechanisms by which ucOC interacts with GPRC6A to modulate metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes, technical issues with commonly used assays for ucOC in serum, and a paucity of clinical trials to prove causation and illuminate the scope for novel health interventions. A key emerging area of research is the role of ucOC in relation to expression of GPRC6A in muscle, and whether exercise interventions may modulate metabolic outcomes favorably in part via ucOC. Further research is warranted to clarify potential direct and indirect roles for ucOC in human health and cardiometabolic diseases.
The Effects of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide on Physiological Adaption and Exercise Performance Improvement
Authors: Huang Wen-Ching , Huang Hui-Yu , Hsu Yi-Ju , Su Wan-Hsiung , Shen Sih-Yu , Lee Mon-Chien , Lin Che-Li , Huang Chi-Chang
Published: June 2018

Thiamine, named as vitamin B1, is an important cofactor for the critical enzymes regarding to glucose metabolism, like transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. The thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) is a derivative of thiamine with higher bioavailability and solubility than thiamine and has been widely applied to health maintenance and disease therapy. Higher physical activities are associated with higher thiamine supplements for efficient energy metabolism. Furthermore, the effective dose of TTFD, beneficial to exercise physiological adaption and performance, still be further validated and the safety evaluation were also an important issue to be considered for potential application. ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) strain mice were allocated as 0, 50, 100, and 500 mg/kg dose groups and administrated by oral gavage consecutively for 6 weeks. Physical activities including grip strength and aerobic endurance were measured. Various fatigue-associated biochemical variables such as lactate, glucose, blood urine nitrogen (BUN) or creatine kinase (CK), were also assessed. The levels of liver and muscle glycogen were measured as an indicator of energy storage at the end of the experiment. Toxicity assessments for long-term supplementation were also further evaluated for safety consideration. TTFD supplementation significantly increased the endurance and grip strength and demonstrated beneficial effects on lactate production and clearance rate after an acute exercise challenge. The TTFD supplementation significantly mitigated the BUN and CK indexes after extended exercise and elevated the glycogen content in the liver and muscle tissues. According to body composition, biochemical and histopathological data, daily administration of TTFD for over 6 weeks (subacute toxicity) also demonstrated reasonable safety results for long-term and adequate supplementation. The toxicity of TTFD were also considered as safety for long-term supplementation with indicated doses. Furthermore, the TTDF could be applied to not only the health promotion but also improvement of exercise physiological adaption and the TTFD could be further considered as potential ergogenic aids combined with different nutrient strategy.
Utilization of Multisensor Data Fusion for Magnetic Nondestructive Evaluation of Defects in Steel Elements under Various Operation Strategies
Authors: Psuj Grzegorz
Published: June 2018

Increasing the number of inspection sources creates an opportunity to combine information in order to properly set the operation of the entire system, not only in terms of such factors as reliability, confidence, or accuracy, but inspection time as well. In this paper, a magnetic sensor-array-based nondestructive system was applied to inspect defects inside circular-shaped steel elements. The experiments were carried out for various sensor network strategies, followed by the fusion of multisensor data for each case. In order to combine the measurements, first data registration and then four algorithms based on spatial and transformed representations of sensor signals were applied. In the case of spatial representation, the data were combined using an algorithm operating directly on input signals, allowing pooling of information. To build the transformed representation, a multiresolution analysis based on the Laplacian pyramid was used. Finally, the quality of the obtained results was assessed. The details of algorithms are given and the results are presented and discussed. It is shown that the application of data fusion rules for magnetic multisensor inspection systems can result in the growth of reliability of proper identification and classification of defects in steel elements depending on the utilized configuration of the sensor network.
Smart Sensing of Pavement Temperature Based on Low-Cost Sensors and V2I Communications
Authors: Godoy Jorge , Haber Rodolfo , Muñoz Juan Jesús , Matía Fernando , García Álvaro
Published: June 2018

Nowadays, the preservation, maintenance, rehabilitation, and improvement of road networks are key issues. Pavement condition is highly affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, hence the importance of building databases enriched with real-time information from monitoring systems that enable the analysis and modeling of the road properties. Information and communication technologies, and specifically wireless sensor networks and computational intelligence methods, are enabling the design of new monitoring systems. The main goal of this work is the design of a pavement monitoring system for measuring temperature at internal layers. The proposed solution is based on low-cost and robust temperature sensors, vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, allowing one to transmit information directly from probes to a moving auscultation vehicle, and a neural network-based model for prediction pavement temperature. User requirements drive probes’ design to a modular device, with easy installation, low cost, and reduced energy consumption. Results of the test and validation experiments show both the benefits and viability of the proposed system, which reflect in an accuracy improvement and reduction in routine test duration. Finally, data collected over a year is applied to assess the performance of BELLS3 models and the suggested neural network for predicting pavement temperature. The dynamic behavior of the predicted temperature and the mean absolute error of the neural network-based model are better than the BELL3 model, demonstrating the suitability of the proposed pavement monitoring system.
The Effect of a Curved Non-Motorized Treadmill on Running Gait Length, Imbalance and Stride Angle
Authors: Hatchett Andrew , Armstrong Kaitlyn , Parr Brian , Crews Mallory , Tant Charlie
Published: June 2018

Running on a non-motorized, curved-deck treadmill is thought to improve gait mechanics. It is not known, though, whether the change in gait carries over to running on a motorized treadmill on level ground. To determine the effect of running on a curved non-motorized treadmill (CNT) on gait characteristics, measured during a subsequent bout of running on a traditional motorized treadmill (TMT), sixteen healthy college-aged participants, aged (mean ± SD) 20.4 ± 1.6 years, volunteered to have their gait analyzed while running on a TMT and CNT. After familiarization with, and a warm-up on, both treadmills, each subject completed five 4-min bouts of running, alternating between traditional motorized and curved non-motorized treadmills: TMT-1, CNT-1, TMT-2, CNT-2, and TMT-3. Variables of interest included step length (m), stride length (m), imbalance score (%), and stride angle (°), and were measured using Optogait gait analysis equipment. We found differences in gait characteristics among TMT-1, TMT-2, and TMT-3, which can be attributed to running on the CNT. The results show that running on a CNT resulted in significant changes in gait characteristics (step length, stride length, imbalance score and stride angle). These findings suggest that running on a CNT can significantly influence running gait.
Sport for Development and Peace and the Environment: The Case for Policy, Practice, and Research
Authors: Giulianotti Richard , Darnell Simon , Collison Holly , Howe P. David
Published: June 2018

This paper highlights the need for critical attention and reflection within the Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) sector regarding the physical environment. Drawing on fieldwork that examined a variety of SDP initiatives in five different countries, we argue that instrumental concerns at local levels often mean that the physical environment takes a back seat to other development priorities within SDP activity. This is despite the critical importance of issues, such as environmental degradation and the threats posed by climate change, as well as the fact that sport is directly linked to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda. After providing examples of the relegation of the physical environment in different SDP contexts, we put forth three conceptual frameworks that would be useful within SDP scholarship for advancing critical discussion on this issue within the sector. The final section discusses both the implications of these initial findings and suggests questions and topics for future research around this timely issue.
Temperate Agroforestry: How Forest Garden Systems Combined with People-Based Ethics Can Transform Culture
Authors: Wartman Paul , Van Acker Rene , Martin Ralph
Published: June 2018

How can transforming monocultures to diverse polycultures address and solve the intersecting issues of our food system? This literature review offers community resources, practical examples, and academic research to support the shift away from monocultures, and the broader social contexts that encourage them, and towards food systems as part of cultures that prioritize people, water, and the land. Forest garden systems are presented as a temperate agroforestry-based food system design which make use of multiple perennial plants to meet human needs for food, medicine, fuel, and more while regenerating the environment in which they grow. There is a lack of peer-reviewed research in temperate forest garden systems, but it is gaining momentum alongside an increasing application in non-academic contexts. Combined with cultural principles that prioritize people, the land, and water over profits, forest garden systems are proposed as a pathway for meeting local community’s needs and environmental regeneration.
Understanding the Past to Envision a Sustainable Future: A Social–Ecological History of the Barranquilla Metropolitan Area (Colombia)
Authors: Aldana-Domínguez Juanita , Montes Carlos , González José A.
Published: June 2018

Urban growth is one of the major sustainability challenges due to its regional and planetary impacts. In the Colombian Caribbean, one of the most biodiverse places in the world, the Barranquilla Metropolitan Area (BMA) is the main urban agglomeration that has driven landscape transformation. We performed a historical analysis of human–nature relationships in the BMA using a social–ecological approach and the adaptive cycle metaphor to identify the main drivers of change and to point out emergent lessons for sustainability transition. Based on the analysis of existing literature, time series data and ecosystem distribution changes through time, we found that the natural capital has been degraded, human–social capital has had periods of crisis and recovery, while physical–financial capital has increased. The BMA is currently in a highly vulnerable situation and faces great challenges to be sustainable. We discuss the system´s possible future paths: a new collapse due to natural capital depletion, stagnation in a very vulnerable state, or a reorganization. We argue that viewing and managing the BMA as a social–ecological system would contribute to move forward in a sustainable direction.
Valorisation du patrimoine photographique : entre régime documentaire et régime artistique
Authors: Casemajor Loustau Nathalie
Published: June 2018

Valorización del patrimonio fotográfi co : Entre régimen documental y régimen artístico.

Proponiendo como punto de partida la noción de “ valorización”, esta investigación muestra cómo las operaciones de tratamiento, de digitalización y de valorización del patrimonio fotográfi co son infl uenciadas por un referencial de valores constituidos históricamente en torno a las categorías de obra de arte y de documento. Así, el impacto del reconocimiento artístico y museístico de la fotografía sobre los modos de su valorización en las bibliotecas es observado desde este punto de vista. A partir del caso de la Mediateca de la arquitectura y del patrimonio (Francia) las nociones de “ régimen documental” y de “ régimen artístico” permiten analizar el referencial de valores movilizados en las elecciones de los artefactos fotográfi cos. Éstas muestran que en este proceso intervienen al unísono lógicas subjetivas y objetivas.
La Liste du patrimoine mondial : une approche par le système d’information
Authors: Severo Marta
Published: June 2018

The World Heritage List of UNESCO : an Approach Through the Information System.

The list, the preferred tool for the classification and management of cultural heritage, now seems threatened by the emergence of new complex, dispersed and interconnected heritage objects. This article aims to explore the transformation of the list facing these new objects through the analysis of the exemplary case of the World Heritage List of UNESCO. To study this case, we use the methodology of the “reverse knowledge engineering”. Through the observation of the information system of the World Heritage Centre, we identify the mechanisms that underlie the selection of World Heritage and the solutions that the World Heritage List sets up to deal with the enlargement process of cultural heritage.
Le patrimoine culturel numérique : entre compilation et computation
Authors: Després-Lonnet Marie
Published: June 2018

Between Compilation and Computation, the Digital Cultural Heritage.

The Europeana project, initiated in 2008, aggregates the OPACs of multiple European institutions in charge of the preservation of cultural heritage. The aim is to “provide new forms of access to culture, to inspire creativity and stimulate social and economic growth”. The analysis of the modifications and rewritings appending during the various stages of the project – from the creation of the record in two different institutions to the deposit in the collective database – shows that the current logic for the constitution of this repository is based on compilation. However, building the European Digital Archive is a strong political act that goes much further than gathering together local data from various institutions in various countries. It is a change of scale and we have to examine the meaning of these data from a European point of view to ensure its success.
Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor
Authors: Giese André , Schipporeit Sebastian , Buck Volker , Wöhrl Nicolas
Published: June 2018

In this work, the deposition of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) by inductively coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ICP-PECVD) is investigated. The CNWs are electrically conducting and show a large specific surface area, which is a key characteristic to make them interesting for sensors, catalytic applications or energy-storage systems. It was recently discovered that CNW films can be deposited by the use of the single-source metal-organic precursor aluminium acetylacetonate. This precursor is relatively unknown in combination with the ICP-PECVD deposition method in literature and, thus, based on our previous publication is further investigated in this work to better understand the influence of the various deposition parameters on the growth. Silicon, stainless steel, nickel and copper are used as substrate materials. The CNWs deposited are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The combination of bias voltage, the temperature of the substrate and the substrate material had a strong influence on the morphology of the graphitic carbon nanowall structures. With regard to these results, a first growth model for the deposition of CNWs by ICP-PECVD and aluminium acetylacetonate is proposed. This model explains the formation of four different morphologies (nanorods as well as thorny, straight and curled CNWs) by taking the surface diffusion into account. The surface diffusion depends on the particle energies and the substrate material and thus explains the influence of these parameters.
C/2016 R2 (PANSTARRS): A Comet Rich in CO and Depleted in HCN
Authors: Wierzchos K. , Womack M.
Published: June 2018

We observed comet C/2016 R2 (PANSTARRS) with the ARO 10 m SMT and report the first detection of CO emission from this comet with amounts high enough to be the primary driver of activity. We obtained spectra and maps of the CO J = 2–1 rotational line at 230 GHz between 2017 December and 2018 January. We calculated an average production rate of Q(CO) = (4.6 ± 0.4) × 1028 mol s−1 at r ∼ 2.9 au and Δ ∼ 2.1 au. The CO line is thin (ΔV
FWHM ∼ 0.8 km s−1) with a slight blueshift (δv ∼ −0.1 km s−1) from the ephemeris velocity, and we derive a gas expansion velocity of v
exp = 0.50 ± 0.15 km s−1. This comet produced approximately half the CO that comet C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp) did at 3 au. If CO production scales with nucleus surface area, then the radius need not exceed R
R2 ∼ 15 km. The spectra and mapping data are consistent with CO arising from a combination of a sunward-side active area and an isotropic source. For HCN, we calculated a 3σ upper limit production rate of Q(HCN) < 8 × 1024 molecules s−1, which corresponds to an extraordinarily high abundance ratio limit of Q(CO)/Q(HCN) > 5000. We inferred a production rate of molecular nitrogen of Q(N2) ∼ 2.8 × 1027 molecules s−1 using our CO data and the reported N2/CO column density ratio. The comet does not show the typical nitrogen depletion seen in comets. The CO-rich, N2-rich, and HCN-depleted values are consistent with formation in an environment of T ∼ 50 K that may have provided significant N2 shielding.
Stellar Companions of Exoplanet Host Stars in K2
Authors: Matson Rachel A. , Howell Steve B. , Horch Elliott P. , Everett Mark E.
Published: June 2018

It is well established that roughly half of all nearby solar-type stars have at least one companion. Stellar companions can have significant implications for the detection and characterization of exoplanets, including triggering false positives and masking the true radii of planets. Determining the fraction of exoplanet host stars that are also binaries allows us to better determine planetary characteristics as well as establish the relationship between binarity and planet formation. Using high angular resolution speckle imaging, we detect stellar companions within ∼1 arcsec of K2 planet-candidate host stars. Comparing our detected companion rate to TRILEGAL star count simulations and known detection limits of speckle imaging, we estimate the binary fraction of K2 planet host stars to be 40%–50%, similar to that of Kepler exoplanet hosts and field stars.
Prompt and Follow-up Multi-wavelength Observations of the GRB 161017A
Authors: Sadovnichy V. A. , Panasyuk M. I. , Svertilov S. I. , Lipunov V. M. , Bogomolov V. V. , Gorbovskoy E. S. , Bogomolov A. V. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Gabovich A. , Hu Y. , Iyudin A. F. , Jeong H. M. , Jeong S. , Kim M. B. , Kornilov V. G. , Myagkova I. N. , Park I. H. , Petrov V. L. , Rebolo R. , Sánchez-Ramírez R. , Reglero V. , Sokolov V. V. , Tyurina N. V. , Valeev A. F. , Vlasenko D. , Yashin I. V. , Yurkov V. V. , Zhang B. B.
Published: June 2018

This paper presents data on the simultaneous and complementary observations of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 161017A for optical, X-ray, and gamma wavelengths obtained by the Russian multi-messenger Lomonosov space observatory and supplemented by additional data from the Swift satellite as well as the ground-based MASTER Global Robotic Net and the 10 m Gran Telescopio Canarias. Multifrequency spectra of this very powerful explosion indicate that it originated at a distance of 10 billion light years from Earth. Here, we present the results of the prompt, early, and afterglow optical observations. The light curves and spectra suggest that the prompt optical and high-energy emissions occur in the same region near the GRB source.
Azimuthal and Vertical Streaming Instability at High Dust-to-gas Ratios and on the Scales of Planetesimal Formation
Authors: Schreiber Andreas , Klahr Hubert
Published: June 2018

The collapse of dust particle clouds directly to kilometer-sized planetesimals is a promising way to explain the formation of planetesimals, asteroids, and comets. In the past, this collapse has been studied in stratified shearing box simulations with super-solar dust-to-gas ratio ϵ, allowing for streaming instability (SI) and gravitational collapse. This paper studies the non-stratified SI under dust-to-gas ratios from

up to

without self-gravity. The study covers domain sizes of

,

, and

in terms of the gas-disk scale height

using the PencilCode. They are performed in radial-azimuthal (2D) and radial-vertical (2.5D) extents. The used particles of

and 0.1 mark the upper end of the expected dust growth. SI activity is found up to very high dust-to-gas ratios, providing fluctuations in the local dust-to-gas ratios and turbulent particle diffusion δ. We find an SI-like instability that operates in r–φ, even when vertical modes are suppressed. This new azimuthal streaming instability (aSI) shows similar properties and appearance as the SI. Both, SI and aSI show diffusivity at

only to be two orders of magnitude lower than at

, suggesting a

relation that is shallow around

. The (a)SI ability to concentrate particles is found to be uncorrelated with its strength in particle turbulence. Finally, we performed a resolution study to test our findings of the aSI. This paper stresses the importance of properly resolving the (a)SI at high dust-to-gas ratios and planetesimal collapse simulations, leading otherwise to potentially incomplete results.
Russian economic policy: Challenges of growth
Authors: Mau Vladimir
Published: June 2018

The paper discusses the main challenges of Russian economy at the turning period from contraction to growth. The analysis is based on comparison of global economic trends and special features of Russian performance. Among global problems, it concentrates on prospects of “non-inflation growth”, perspectives of global currencies and the role of cryptocurrencies, central banks independence and their role in economic growth stimulation, new tasks and patterns of government regulation, inequality and growth. In the Russian case, the key topics are prospects of macroeconomic stimulation of growth, inflation targeting, new fiscal rule, social dynamics and new challenges to welfare state. The paper concludes that the main obstacles for economic growth in Russia are concentrated in the non-economic area.
Revision of Aresceutica (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Catantopinae) with comments on related genera
Authors: Rowell C.H.F. , Jago N.D. , Hemp C.
Published: June 2018

The East African forest genus Aresceutica Karsch is revised; there are now four valid species, including A.nguruensis, sp. n. from south eastern Tanzania. Aresceutica is extremely similar to the West African genus Serpusia; it differs only in the form of the prosternal tubercle and the detail of the phallic morphology. Two new combinations are proposed: Ptemoblaxlemarineli Bolívar, 1911 = Aresceuticalemarineli (Bolívar, 1911), comb. n. and Aresceuticavansomereni Kevan, 1956 = Duviardiavansomereni (Kevan, 1956), comb. n.
Kirkpatrick's Evaluation of Simulation and Debriefing in Health Care Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johnston Sandra , Coyer Fiona Maree , Nash Robyn
Published: June 2018

Background:

Simulation is an integral component of health care education. Research suggests a positive relationship between simulation and learning outcomes. Kirkpatrick's framework is a four-level model based on the premise that learning resulting from training programs can be classified into four levels: reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Evaluation of educational impact provides valuable feedback to educators that may assist with development and improvement of teaching methods.

Method:

This review is based on the PRISMA guidelines for conducting a systematic review. Inclusion criteria included articles (a) written in the English language, (b) published between 2000 and 2016, (c) describing a debriefing intervention after high-fidelity patient simulation, and (d) based in health care.

Results:

Thirteen studies met criteria for inclusion in the review.

Conclusion:

Results indicated a paucity of studies at the highest levels of evaluation, indicating an area where future research is needed to assist with the development and improvement of simulation education. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(7):393–398.]
Programmatic Evaluation of Holistic Admissions: The Influence on Students
Authors: Zerwic Julie J. , Scott Linda D. , McCreary Linda L. , Corte Colleen
Published: June 2018

Background:

Traditional nursing admission processes may pose barriers to enhancing the diversity of the nursing workforce. Holistic admission moves beyond academic metrics to include applicants' experiences, attributes, and abilities.

Method:

Demographic and academic information was examined for students admitted to a Bachelor of Science in Nursing program before and after holistic admission implementation, and a survey was completed by students admitted in 2014 through holistic admission.

Results:

The admission of Hispanic students significantly increased, whereas admissions of non-Hispanic White students significantly decreased. Academic metrics did not change significantly. Students rated the holistic admission process positively, with the interview rated as more valuable than the written application. Some students believed it could have a negative effect on students who were not racial or ethnic minorities.

Conclusion:

Holistic admission may increase the diversity of a nursing class; however, it should be combined with other strategies to build a diverse pipeline. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(7):416–421.]
Master of Science in Nursing and Doctor of Nursing Practice Clinical Curriculum Map
Authors: Fowler Terri , Conner Ruth , Smith Whitney
Published: June 2018

Background:

The development of a comprehensive and structured clinical curriculum map can outline the specific content covered throughout a nurse practitioner program and provide a method for identifying redundancy and omissions in the didactic clinical content.

Method:

A curriculum map outlining the specific clinical content covered in each didactic course in a Master of Science in Nursing and Doctor of Nursing Practice advanced practice program was created. The curriculum map incorporated accreditation standards, certification testing domains, and common primary care diagnoses.

Results:

A curriculum map supported the development of organized, consistent, and transparent clinical didactic content across courses and the program. The curriculum map allows for frequent curriculum and course review and updates to help meet program and accreditation standards.

Conclusion:

The development and implementation of the clinical didactic curriculum map facilitates the integration of core clinical content in an organized manner that builds learning and prepares future nurse practitioners. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(7):440–445.]
Beberapa Catatan Tentang Historiografi Gerakan 30 September 1965
Authors: Adam Asvi Warman
Published: June 2018

Artikel ini merupakan sebuah pandangan perkembangan tulisan mengenai Gerakan 30 September 1965 dari tahun 1965 sampai 2018. Historiografi 1965 bisa dibagi dalam lima periode, diawali dengan perdebatan tentang para pelaku, langsung sesudah G30S. Pada masa selanjutnya sepanjang Orde Baru berlangsung monopoli sejarah dengan versi yang distandardisasi sejarawan ABRI. Awal reformasi merupakan masa di mana korban sudah bisa bersuara dan sudah terdapat beberapa versi sejarah alternatif. Periode keempat dibuka pada tahun 2009 dengan terjemahan buku John Roosa, yang untuk pertama kalinya merekonstruksi kejadian dengan sumber dari berbagai pihak. Namun, harus tunggu periode berikutnya dengan film Jagal (2012) dan Senyap (2014) yang membuat kasus 1965 ini menjadi pembicaraan kembali di berbagai negara untuk mendorong dinamika baru di Indonesia.
Pro dan Kontra Pelaksanaan Program Land Reform dan Peristiwa 65 di Desa Soge, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat2
Authors: Safitri Hilma
Published: June 2018

Kasus-kasus pendudukan tanah di Indonesia di era Orde Baru tidak bisa dilepaskan dari peristiwa 1965, dan ini berkaitan dengan keberadaan Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). Salah satu kasus konflik tanah yang terjadi menimpa ribuan petani penggarap di Desa Soge, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat, yang secara legal diprioritaskan sebagai penerima manfaat program Land reform 1960. Namun, mereka segera kehilangan kembali hak atas tanahnya melalui berbagai tindakan intimidatif dan manipulasi, sehingga mereka mengalami situasi kesulitan untuk mengambil kembali hak atas tanahnya, bahkan ketika sudah terjadi perubahan rejim pada tahun 1998. Mantra yang dipergunakan setiap rejim tidak berubah, yaitu mem-PKI-kan. Artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana sejumlah aktor, termasuk kelompok elit-penguasa di tingkat desa menggunakan dan mengaitkan peristiwa 1965 untuk memperkaya dirinya sendiri dan untuk mengukuhkan posisinya dalam arena politik sejak saat itu. Data yang dipergunakan di artikel ini telah dikumpulkan pada tahun 2000 melalui wawancara sejumlah korban penggusuran tanah di Desa Soge.
When a History Seminar Becomes Toxic: A Reading of the Attack on LBH Jakarta in September 2017
Authors: Wieringa Saskia E.
Published: June 2018

In a seminar on 16 and 17 September 2017 organised at LBH Jakarta by human rights activists and victims of the post-1965 genocide, a group of researchers wanted to discuss the background to this affair, which remains controversial. They were prevented from holding this discussion by a radical Muslim militia. The next day a cultural festival on free speech was held in the same venue as a pacific response, but it was attacked by a large crowd which surrounded the LBH’s office for hours before the police intervened. In this article I discuss the background to these events and argue that human rights defenders are singled out for attack in the power play between competing political factions. In this context, the spectre of communism remains a convenient bogeyman for some groups.
Infants que escriuen sobre protagonistes (sàvies) de contes, infants que hi pensen
Authors: Santolària Òrrios Alícia
Published: June 2018

Dins del tema que es proposa, aquest article té com a objectiu global aportar una recerca que mostra textos d’infants de tercer d’Educació Infantil i segon d’Educació Primària sobre contes tradicionals protagonitzats per dones sàvies. Per a obtenir els textos s’ha dissenyat i implementat una seqüència didàctica d’escriptura. Els resultats aconseguits i l’anàlisi realitzada mostren que els escrits elaborats pels infants són textos reeixits. Es destaquen, per concloure, alguns aspectes cabdals de la investigació: la proposta d’activitats amb sentit a l’escola i el plantejament de diferents mediacions com la seqüència didàctica i els textos literaris, que  esdevenen un motor d’aprenentatge per als infants. 

 
El verbo y su enseñanza. Hacia un modelo de enseñanza de la gramática basado en la actividad reflexiva
Authors: Fabregat Barrios Santiago
Published: June 2018

Reseña del libro siguiente:

Camps, A. y Ribas Seix, T. (coords.)

El verbo y su enseñanza

Hacia un modelo de enseñanza de la gramática basado en la actividad reflexiva

Octaedro: Barcelona, 2017
Modelos 3D derivados de fotogrametría terrestre para la estimación de variables de inventario forestal
Authors: De Eugenio A. , Fernández-Landa A. , Merino-de-Miguel S.
Published: June 2018

The management of forest resources should be based on reliable measurements of individual standing trees. At the beginning, these measurements allow us to estimate equations and models, which in turn are used to be applied to similar individuals with the objective of estimate variables such as timber volume at plot or stand level. Traditionally, these measurements required the destruction of several standing trees. The present work intends the construction of three-dimensional models of standing trees by terrestrial photogrammetry. With this purpose, four plots were sampled in the MUP n°39 (Madrid) in each of which 5 representative trees were measured and photographed. For the measurement of standing trees, we used: tree caliper, Criterion RD1000 dendrometer and Vertex III hipsometer. The images were taken with a non-metric Canon IXUS 85 IS camera. Three-dimensional models were constructed from the images using VisualSFM software. Subsequently, measurements were made on these models using Meshlab software. The evaluation is performed by comparing the diameters measured on the 3D models with those obtained by other validated measurement methodology (using the Criterion RD1000 laser dendrometer). No significant differences were found between those measurements made with the Criterion and those made on the 3D models. Wood volume estimation of standing trees using photogrammetry is a sound alternative with potential for the next years.