bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Key Information Extraction of Food Environmental Safety Criminal Judgment Documents Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Ni Zhijuan
Published: September 2022

Food has an impact on everyone’s daily life, the long‐term stability of the nation, human survival and development, people’s lives and health, and the steady advancement of society. A food safety criminal judgment is a legal document used to record the trial of food‐related offences. It primarily contains the case’s history, information about the parties involved, and the verdict. In order to identify defendants, their charges in court documents, and other important court information, this paper proposes a method for extracting key information from food safety criminal conviction documents based on deep learning. It builds and analyses a hidden Markov model (HMM) based on the corpus of crime‐related components, and uses the model trained by a DL neural network to determine the trend of a given data set. In the test result classification task, the results demonstrate that the Transformer model can achieve macro accuracy rates of roughly 0.963, macro recall rates of 0.932, and macro F1 scores of 0.958. Experiments demonstrate the model suggested in this paper’s performance and effectiveness in extracting abstract information from food criminal trial documents.
Role of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Disease with Stroke in Pregnancy
Authors: Salma Umme , Alshaikh Ahmed Baker A. , Alanazi Muhannad Faleh , Alomair Basil Mohammed , Alruwaili Mubarak , Alruwaili Raed
Published: September 2022

Pregnancy-related cardiovascular disease with stroke remains a considerable source of higher maternal morbidity and mortality occurs in periods of pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. It is essential to counsel the mother before pregnancy by an expert cardiologist and obstetric team to discuss any event related to preexistent cardiac or past preeclampsia for estimation of maternal and fetal risks. In pregnancy, the cardiac state includes hypertensive disorders, ischemic heart disease, valvular disease, and postpartum stroke. The incidence of stroke is increasing in pregnancy, particularly in postpartum, and its strong relationship with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia). The combined cardiologist and obstetrics team requires during pregnancy mainly due to the approach to the management of a cardiac disease that subsequently prevents stroke postpartum. Therefore, a general perception of cardiac disease during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum should be a core knowledge extent for all cardiovascular and clinicians. Many studies provided linked that deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in maternal circulation and placenta tissue may development of pregnancy complications including preeclampsia considered a diagnostic marker. The desire of this review provides a detailed outline of current knowledge and dealing in this field with strength on the physiological changes during pregnancy.
Application of Distributed Network in Bridge Structure Safety Inspection
Authors: Xu Hongwei , Li Yong
Published: September 2022

In order to solve the problems of the monitoring and health assessment of the main structure of bridges, and to provide technical support for the bridge from the regular inspection to the predictive maintenance mode, a distributed network is proposed for the safety inspection of bridge structures. Through the numerical simulation of the bridge, the finite element model is established and the modal analysis is carried out to obtain the modal data before and after the damage. The damage index of the bridge structure is taken as the input and output variables after the curvature of the modal data, and the nonlinear mapping relationship between the input variables and output variables is established. A large amount of damage modal data is randomly formed into the training set and the test set, and the training set is used to train the neural network. The training accuracy is set to 10−3, and the learning rate is set to 0.01. The test set data is used to identify the damage to the neural network after the training. The experimental results show that the developed program is more accurate in identifying the damage position of the simply supported beam and the continuous beam, and the fitting degree between the predicted value and the real value of the damage degree of the structure can reach 0.97. It is concluded that the damage identification program can intelligently identify and predict two common types of bridge structural damage, namely, the simply supported beam and the continuous beam. And the identification effect is good and has certain feasibility.
Intelligent Recognition English Translation Model Based on Embedded Machine Learning and Improved GLR Algorithm
Authors: Lei Lei
Published: September 2022

Most of the popular translation models are based on encoder-decoder architecture and belong to the autoregressive translation model. When autoregressive translation models decode, they generate the current sequence according to the sequence generated before. This process is not parallel. The generalized maximum likelihood ratio detection (GLR) algorithm model cannot effectively guarantee the overlapping and accurate results of English translation detection. To improve the recognition rate of English phrases and meanings, this paper proposes an intelligent model for English translation recognition based on embedded machine learning and an improved GLR algorithm. A corpus of 520000 English phrases is used for training. And we compare and analyze different corpora and compare GLR algorithm with other traditional algorithms. Words and phrases are based on analytic linear structure. The syntactic function of the table corrects the ambiguity between English and Chinese structures in some speech recognition results and finally retains the recognition content. The research shows that the recognition accuracy based on the improved GLR algorithm is more than 96.58%, which is 23% higher than the classical GLR in semantic recognition. Statistical algorithm and dynamic storage algorithm make it more suitable for intelligent translation and provide a new model method for intelligent machine translation.
INSC Is a Prognosis‐Associated Biomarker Involved in Tumor Immune Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhaoran Su , Weidong Jia
Published: September 2022

Aims. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of INSC gene with the level of immune infiltration and clinical prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. Materials and Methods. INSC expression profile data and clinicopathological information of COAD patients were downloaded from TCGA. Xiantao bioinformatics tool was used to analyze the expression of INSC between the COAD group and the normal control group, and GEPIA2 was used to analyze the top 100 coexpressed genes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between clinicopathological features and INSC. The Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression model were used to perform the survival analysis. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the relationship between INSC expression and immune infiltration cells. Results. The expression level of INSC in COAD was significantly downregulated. The result of logistic regression analysis confirmed that tumor stage was the final influencing factor of INSC expression. The overall survival rate of INSC in the high expression group was higher than that of the low expression group, and it was an independent risk factor of prognosis. Enrichment results indicated that INSC was enriched in the regulation of T‐helper 2 cell differentiation pathway. Immune infiltration analysis showed that INSC expression was positively correlated with the B cell plasma, T cell CD4+ memory resting, activated myeloid dendritic cells, and eosinophils. Conclusions. Our study found that the expression of INSC was significantly downregulated in COAD, which regulated immune‐infiltrating cells during cancer development and was associated with malignant progression in COAD patients.
Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of the Effect of β-Elemene on Colorectal Cancer from the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Perspective
Authors: Deng Heng , Chen Shuo , Yuan Xiancang , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2022

Object. β-Elemene is an emerging antitumor Chinese medicine, but the exact mechanism of action of β-elemene in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in the process of β-elemene inhibiting CRC. Methods. RNA sequencing was performed on CRC cells from the control group (untreated) and the case group (β-elemene-treated). According to the sequencing data, we screened the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs and then analyzed them by functional enrichment analyses. Through the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, the key miRNAs and mRNAs involved in the process of β-elemene inhibiting CRC were further identified. Results. Totally, 607 upregulated and 599 downregulated DElncRNAs, 12 downregulated and 24 upregulated DEmiRNAs, and 3153 downregulated and 3248 upregulated DEmRNAs were identified. Through the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, 3 miRNAs (miR-7109-3p, miR-4506, and miR-3182), 7 prognostic mRNAs (ALPG, DTX1, HOXD13, RIMS3, SLC16A8, SYT1, and TNNT1), and 2 key mRNAs (RIMS3 and SLC16A8) were determined to participate in the inhibitory mechanism of β-elemene in CRC. Conclusion. This study revealed for the first time that the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network is involved in the regulation of β-elemene in CRC, and these identified miRNAs and mRNAs could be new clinical prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC patients.
Advanced Intelligent English Translation Based on Multisensor Data Fusion Optimization
Authors: Wang Cui
Published: September 2022

English translation activity course is of great significance to cultivate students’ English translation level. In the context of multisensor data fusion, how to effectively carry out English translation activity course in colleges and universities has become an important topic. The educational value and intellectual property of advanced Intelligent English translation activity course are analyzed. From multisensor data fusion and the improvement of translation, translators psychological changes of the boot and prominent features, English translation activity and translation, the generality of the multisensor data fusion of multisensor data fusion personalization features this four aspects, which is under the background of the sensor data fusion of the practice for college English translation activity. Firstly, the theory of data fusion estimation is elaborated, and various data fusion structures in multisensor systems are summarized. Then, the data fusion estimation model based on Kalman filter is established, and the Kalman filtering algorithms of centralized, sequential, parallel, and joint structures are given, respectively. Simulation experiments are carried out on the algorithms. Experimental results show that the estimation accuracy of the system can be improved by multisensor data fusion. Then a rule-based lexical analyzer is designed. Combined with the system model, a rule-based lexical analyzer and a comprehensive dictionary, the linguistic knowledge source throughout the whole machine translation process, are researched and designed. A hashing algorithm for lexical retrieval is designed, and various rules and data structures related to the lexical analyzer are described in formal language. The analysis algorithms of morphological preprocessing, morphological analysis, unincluded word processing, phrase analysis, and part of speech tagging are introduced.
[Retracted] Effect of TGF‐β2 on the Mechanical Properties of Posterior Scleral Fibroblasts in Experimental Myopia
Authors: Chen Boyu , Chen Weyi , Han Baoyan , Tong Chunmei , Ma Jingxue
Published: September 2022

Objective. The effects of TGF‐β2 on mechanical properties of sclerotic desmocytes isolated from healthy and myopic guinea pigs were investigated in order to further understand the pathogenesis of myopia. To study the effect of TGF‐β2 on the mechanical properties of posterior scleral fibroblasts in experimental myopia. Methods. A lens‐induced myopia (LIM) animal model was developed in 12 guinea pigs, with the opposite eye serving as a self‐control (SC). Five untreated guinea pigs served as normal controls. Lenses were removed 30 days after model onset. Primary scleral fibroblasts were isolated and passaged twice and then treated with vehicle control or 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL TGF‐β2. After 24 h, micropipette aspiration was used to investigate the viscoelastic properties of the cells. Results. Scleral fibroblasts from LIM exhibited significantly higher equilibrium moduli and apparent viscosities relative to SC without TGF‐β2 treatment. Treatment of LIM or SC scleral fibroblasts with 1 or 10 ng/mL TGF‐β2 led to significantly different (p < 0.05) equilibrium moduli and apparent viscosities compared with vehicle control, whereas no significant differences were observed upon treatment with 100 ng/mL TGF‐β2. LIM cells treated with 1 and 10 ng/mL TGF‐β2 exhibited lower equilibrium moduli and apparent viscosities compared with similarly treated SC cells, but LIM cells and SC cells treated with 100 ng/mL TGF‐β2 had similar mechanical properties. Conclusions. The addition of 1 and 10 ng/mL TGF‐β2 can lower the equilibrium modulus and apparent viscosity of scleral fibroblasts in the normal eye.
Comparison of the Response to Pulpal Sensibility Tests in Well-Controlled and Uncontrolled Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Owlia Fatemeh , Zarezadeh Faezeh , Jambarsang Sara , Kazemipoor Maryam
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which impairment of sensory fibers would be anticipated. The present study would assess the dental pulp response to cold and EPT sensibility tests in patients with type 2 diabetes, both well-controlled and uncontrolled. Materials and Methods. One hundred two maxillary central incisors, belonging to participants aged 35–67 years, were included in this survey. At last, 51 diabetic patients were allocated to each group of well-controlled (HbA1C < 7) and uncontrolled (HbA1C ≥ 7). Electric and cold pulpal vitality tests were conducted for all teeth. Statistical analysis was performed with Student’s t-test, the chi-square test, and the multiple linear regression model. A

P

value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Based on the results of this study, the mean value of response to EPT was 4.51 ± 2.06 and 4.41 ± 1.85 in well-controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients, respectively. Also, the pulpal responses to cold and EPT tests had no significant differences between the two groups (

P
>
0
.05

). Conclusion. Tooth responses to the cold and EPT sensibility tests were not different in well-controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients. Despite no statistically significant correlation, male diabetic patients in the uncontrolled group showed a lower sensory response threshold to EPT compared to a well-controlled group.
Study on Complex Theory Solution and Numerical Simulation of Fracture Mechanics of Surrounding Rock Stress and Energy Field in Fault Type Rock Burst Stope
Authors: Zhang Haidong , Dou Siyu , Zhao Guangchen , Yang Haiqing , Wu Chunyan
Published: September 2022

Rock burst is one of the most sophisticated and threatening problems in the process of mining activities of underground coal mines, which can evolve into phenomena such as gas outburst, violent ground pressure behavior of surrounding rock of stope roadway, and high dynamic load energy event of roof overburden fracture through the interaction between various influencing factors. This paper deeply studies the causes, consequences, and disaster mechanism of “2–2 rock burst accident” in Xinjulong coal mine, gives the network diagram of the relationship between the main influencing factors of fault type rock burst and high-energy events, establishes a mechanical model on this basis, and explores the influence and evolution law of fault influencing factors on the elastic strain energy field of surrounding rock of stope roadway.
Characterization of the Lipid Metabolism in Bladder Cancer to Guide Clinical Therapy
Authors: Yang Yuan-Yuan , Hong Sen-Yuan , Xun Yang , Liu Chen-Qian , Sun Jian-Xuan , Xu Jin-Zhou , Xu Meng-Yao , An Ye , He Deng , Xia Qi-Dong , Wang Shao-Gang
Published: September 2022

Background. Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system with an unfavorable prognosis. More and more studies have suggested that lipid metabolism could influence the progression and treatment of tumors. However, there are few studies exploring the relationship between lipid metabolism and bladder cancer. This study aimed to explore the roles that lipid metabolism-related genes play in patients with bladder cancer. Methods. TCGA_BLCA cohort and GSE13507 cohort were included in this study, and transcriptional and somatic mutation profiles of 309 lipid metabolism-related genes were analyzed to discover the critical lipid metabolism-related genes in the incurrence and progression of bladder cancer. Furthermore, the TCGA_BLCA cohort was randomly divided into training set and validation set, and the GSE13507 cohort was served as an external independent validation set. We performed the LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression in training set to develop a prognostic signature and further verified this signature in TCGA_BLCA validation set and GSE13507 external validation set. Finally, we systematically investigated the association between this signature and tumor microenvironment, drug response, and potential functions and then verified the differential expression status of signature genes in the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Results. A novel 6-lipidmetabolism-related gene signature was identified and validated, and this risk score model could predict the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. In addition, the prognostic model was tightly related to immune cell infiltration and tumor mutation burden. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that mTOR signaling pathway, G2M checkpoint, fatty acid metabolism, and hypoxia were enriched in patients in the high-risk score groups. Furthermore, 3 therapies specific for bladder cancer patients in different risk scores were identified. Conclusions. In conclusion, we investigated the lipid metabolism-related genes in bladder cancer through comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. A novel 6-gene signature associated with lipid metabolism for predicting the outcomes of patients with bladder cancer was conducted and validated. Furthermore, the risk score model could be utilized to indicate the choice of therapy in bladder cancer.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics Analysis of the Pathogenesis of Tendon Injury
Authors: Zhao Haibo , Liang Ting , Tang Yijie , Zhu Dongxu , Lin Qian , Chen Jinli , Fei Jun , Yu Tengbo , Zhang Yingze
Published: September 2022

Tendon injury repair has been a clinical challenge, and little is known about tendon healing scar generation, repair, and regeneration mechanisms. To explore the cellular composition of tendon tissue and analyze cell populations and signaling pathways associated with tendon repair, in this paper, single-cell sequencing data was used for data mining and seven cell subsets were annotated in the tendon tissue, including fibroblasts, tenocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, and plasma cells. According to cell group interaction network analysis, pattern 4 composed of macrophages was an important communication pattern in tendon injury. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of M1 macrophages in tendons, the correlation of KEGG enriched pathway with inflammatory response, and the core regulatory role of the transcription factor NFKB and REL were observed; in addition, the heterogeneity of T cell isoforms in tendons was found and indicated that different isotypes of T cells involve in different roles of tendon injury and repair. This study demonstrated the heterogeneity of M1 macrophages and T cells in the tendon tissue, being involved in different physiological processes such as tendon injury and healing, providing new thinking insights and basis for subsequent clinical treatment of tendon injury.
[Retracted] Analysis of the Clinical Effect of Implementing Health Education in the Process of Ministration Elderly Hypertensive Sufferers
Authors: Yu Xin , Lyu Hui , Yu Bo , Xu Xueling , Xu Yi
Published: September 2022

The clinical effect of implementing health education in ministration elderly hypertensive sufferers is analyzed. Two hundred hypertensive sufferers admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to April 2021 are selected. The two sets of sufferers are randomly divided into the examination set and the control set using the random number table method, with 100 cases in each set. The control set is given routine ministration care, and the examination set is given routine ministration to implement health education; these indicators include: the blood pressure control compliance, Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) scores; the compliance rate of health knowledge score, serum Angiotensin II (Ang II), Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) standards, medication compliance, prognosis quality of life, and cumulative occurrence of MACCE are compared. The experimental results show that the application of health education in the ministration process of elderly hypertensive sufferers can effectively enhance the blood pressure of the sufferers, reduce the negative emotions and psychological pressure of the sufferers, enhance the quality of life of the sufferers, and reduce the prognosis of recurrence and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events.
Radiomics Analysis of Lymph Nodes with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Li , Ouyang Yi , Liu Shuang , Lin Jie , Chen Changhuan , Zheng Caixia , Lin Jianbo , Hu Zhijian , Qiu Moliang
Published: September 2022

Purpose. To assess the role of multiple radiomic features of lymph nodes in the preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods. Three hundred eight patients with pathologically confirmed ESCC were retrospectively enrolled (training cohort, n = 216; test cohort, n = 92). We extracted 207 handcrafted radiomic features and 1000 deep radiomic features of lymph nodes from their computed tomography (CT) images. The t-test and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to reduce the dimensions and select key features. Handcrafted radiomics, deep radiomics, and clinical features were combined to construct models. Models I (handcrafted radiomic features), II (Model I plus deep radiomic features), and III (Model II plus clinical features) were built using three machine learning methods: support vector machine (SVM), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and random forest (RF). The best model was compared with the results of two radiologists, and its performance was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results. No significant differences were observed between cohorts. Ten handcrafted and 12 deep radiomic features were selected from the extracted features (

p
<
0.05

). Model III could discriminate between patients with and without LNM better than the diagnostic results of the two radiologists. Conclusion. The combination of handcrafted radiomic features, deep radiomic features, and clinical features could be used clinically to assess lymph node status in patients with ESCC.
Contributing Factors to Operating Room Delays Identified from an Electronic Health Record: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pappada Scott M. , Papadimos Thomas J. , Khuder Sadik , Mack Sean T. , Beachy Peyton Z. , Casabianca Andrew B.
Published: September 2022

The operating room (OR) is considered a major cost center and revenue generator for hospitals. Multiple factors contribute to OR delays and impact patient safety, patient satisfaction scores, and hospital financial performance. Reducing OR delays allows better utilization of OR resources and staffing and improves patient satisfaction while decreasing operating costs. Accurate scheduling can be the basis to achieve these goals. The objective of this initial study was to identify factors not normally documented in the electronic health record (EHR) that may contribute to or be indicators of OR delays. Materials and Methods. A retrospective data analysis was performed analyzing 67,812 OR cases from 12 surgical specialties at a small university medical center from 2010 through the first quarter of 2017. Data from the hospital’s EHR were exported and subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results. Statistical analysis of the extracted EHR data revealed factors that were associated with OR delays including, surgical specialty, preoperative assessment testing, patient body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, daily procedure count, and calendar year. Conclusions. Delays hurt OR efficiency on many levels. Identifying those factors may reduce delays and better accommodate the needs of surgeons, staff, and patients thereby leading to improved patient’s outcomes and patient satisfaction. Reducing delays can decrease operating costs and improve the financial position of the operating theater as well as that of the hospital. Anesthesiology teams can play a key role in identifying factors that cause delays and implementing mitigating efficiencies.
[Retracted] Meta‐Decomposition of Efficacy, Incidence of Pressure Ulcer, and Prognosis of Stroke Sufferers after Applying Evidence‐Based Ministration
Authors: Su Ting , Hu Wenjun , Song Meiling , Zhao Peiru
Published: September 2022

In order to meta‐analyze the effect of evidence‐based ministration on the efficacy, incidence of pressure ulcers and prognosis of stroke are used. Literature retrieval is carried out in Wanfang Medicine, PubMed database, biomedical literature, and other medical databases through medical data and computers, focusing on the efficacy, pressure ulcer incidence, and prognosis of stroke sufferers after applying evidence‐based ministration. For the relevant medical information literature on the effect, RevMan 5.2 software is used for meta‐decomposition. For stroke sufferers, the application of evidence‐based ministration intervention can notoriously enhance the clinical therapy effect of stroke sufferers, reduce the incidence of clinical pressure ulcers, and enhance the prognosis and quality of life of sufferers.
Stacking Ensemble Method for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prediction in Chinese Pregnant Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Ruiyi , Zhan Yongle , Liu Xuan , Zhang Yifang , Gui Luting , Qu Yimin , Nan Hairong , Jiang Yu
Published: September 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is closely related to adverse pregnancy outcomes and other diseases. Early intervention in pregnant women who are at high risk of developing GDM could help prevent adverse health consequences. The study aims to develop a simple model using the stacking ensemble method to predict GDM for women in the first trimester based on easily available factors. We used the data from the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study from July 2017 to November 2018. A total of 6,848 pregnant women in the first trimester were included in the analysis. Logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were considered as base learners. Optimal feature subsets for each learner were chosen by using recursive feature elimination cross-validation. Then, we built a pipeline to process imbalance data, tune hyperparameters, and evaluate model performance. The learners with the best hyperparameters were employed in the first layer of the proposed stacking method. Their predictions were obtained using optimal feature subsets and served as meta-learner’s inputs. Another LR was used as a meta-learner to obtain the final prediction results. Accuracy, specificity, error rate, and other metrics were calculated to evaluate the performance of the models. A paired samples t-test was performed to compare the model performance. In total, 967 (14.12%) women developed GDM. For base learners, the RF model had the highest accuracy (0.638 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.628–0.648)) and specificity (0.683 (0.669–0.698)) and lowest error rate (0.362 (0.352–0.372)). The stacking method effectively improved the accuracy (0.666 (95% CI 0.663–0.670)) and specificity (0.725 (0.721–0.729)) and decreased the error rate (0.333 (0.330–0.337)). The differences in the performance between the stacking method and RF were statistically significant. Our proposed stacking method based on easily available factors has better performance than other learners such as RF.
Identification of RNA Modification-Associated Alternative Splicing Signature as an Independent Factor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jie , Deng Wenmin , Xiao Zhiwen , Huang Xiaofeng , Lin Minmin , Long Zhen
Published: September 2022

Objective. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterotopic malignant tumor. Alternative splicing (AS) and RNA modification have been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. Therefore, we constructed RNA modification-associated AS (RMA-AS) signature model to predict the prognosis of HNSCC. Methods. AS events and RNA-modified gene expression information were downloaded from TCGA-HNSCC database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was employed for analyzing prognosis-related AS events. RMA-AS events were obtained by constructing a coexpression network between RNA modification-associated genes and AS events using WGCNA package. The prognostic signatures were analyzed by LASSO, univariate Cox, and multivariate Cox regression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, proportional hazard model, and ROC curve were performed to verify the prognostic value. “ESTIMATE” R package, ssGSEA algorithm, and CIBERSORT method were used to detect immune microenvironment in HNSCC. Cytoscape was utilized to build a regulatory network of splicing factor-regulated RMA-AS. Results. There were 16,574 prognostic AS events and 4 differentially expressed RNA modification-associated genes in HNSCC. Based on RMA-AS events, we obtained a risk model consisting of 14 AS events, named RMA-AS_Score. The samples were divided into RMA-AS_Score high- and RMA-AS_Score low-risk groups, according to the risk score. The RMA-AS_Score high group was related to poor prognosis. Moreover, the RMA-AS_Score signature was an independent prognostic predictor and was related to tumor grade. Meanwhile, the AUC value of RMA-AS_Score was 0.652, which is better than other clinical characteristics. Besides, a nomogram prediction model of quantitative prognosis has also been developed, which has robust effectiveness in predicting prognosis. In addition, the prognostic signature was observably related to immune microenvironment and immune checkpoint. Finally, 14 splicing factors were identified and constructed into a network of splicing factor-regulated RMA-AS. Conclusion. We identified the RMA-AS signature of HNSCC. This signature could be treated as an independent prognostic predictor.
An Improved Image Classification Method for Cervical Precancerous Lesions Based on ShuffleNet
Authors: Fang Shan , Yang Jiahui , Wang Minghui , Liu Chunhui , Liu Shuang
Published: September 2022

With the rapid development of deep learning, automatic lesion detection is used widely in clinical screening. To solve the problem that existing deep learning-based cervical precancerous lesion detection algorithms cannot meet high classification accuracy and fast running speed at the same time, a ShuffleNet-based cervical precancerous lesion classification method is proposed. By adding channel attention to the ShuffleNet, the network performance is improved. In this study, the image dataset is classified into five categories: normal, cervical cancer, LSIL (CIN1), HSIL (CIN2/CIN3), and cervical neoplasm. The colposcopy images are expanded to solve the problems of the lack of colposcopy images and the uneven distribution of images from each category. For the test dataset, the accuracy of the proposed CNN models is 81.23% and 81.38%. Our classifier achieved an AUC score of 0.99. The experimental results show that the colposcopy image classification network based on artificial intelligence has good performance in classification accuracy and model size, and it has high clinical applicability.
Quantitative Micro-Elastography Enables In Vivo Detection of Residual Cancer in the Surgical Cavity during Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Gong Peijun , Chin Synn Lynn , Allen Wes M. , Ballal Helen , Anstie James D. , Chin Lixin , Ismail Hina M. , Zilkens Renate , Lakhiani Devina D. , McCarthy Matthew , Fang Qi , Firth Daniel , Newman Kyle , Thomas Caleb , Li Jiayue , Sanderson Rowan W. , Foo Ken Y. , Yeomans Chris , Dessauvagie Benjamin F. , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Kennedy Brendan F.
Published: September 2022

Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is commonly used for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Following BCS, approximately 20% to 30% of patients require reexcision because postoperative histopathology identifies cancer in the surgical margins of the excised specimen. Quantitative micro-elastography (QME) is an imaging technique that maps microscale tissue stiffness and has demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy (96%) in detecting cancer in specimens excised during surgery. However, current QME methods, in common with most proposed intraoperative solutions, cannot image cancer directly in the patient, making their translation to clinical use challenging. In this proof-of-concept study, we aimed to determine whether a handheld QME probe, designed to interrogate the surgical cavity, can detect residual cancer directly in the breast cavity in vivo during BCS. In a first-in-human study, 21 BCS patients were scanned in vivo with the QME probe by five surgeons. For validation, protocols were developed to coregister in vivo QME with postoperative histopathology of the resected tissue to assess the capability of QME to identify residual cancer. In four cavity aspects presenting cancer and 21 cavity aspects presenting benign tissue, QME detected elevated stiffness in all four cancer cases, in contrast to low stiffness observed in 19 of the 21 benign cases. The results indicate that in vivo QME can identify residual cancer by directly imaging the surgical cavity, potentially providing a reliable intraoperative solution that can enable more complete cancer excision during BCS.

Significance:

Optical imaging of microscale tissue stiffness enables the detection of residual breast cancer directly in the surgical cavity during breast-conserving surgery, which could potentially contribute to more complete cancer excision.
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Screening Outcomes of Women Preferring Self-Sampling in the Dutch Cervical Cancer Screening Programme: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Aitken Clare A. , Inturrisi Federica , Kaljouw Sylvia , Nieboer Daan , Siebers Albert G. , Melchers Willem J.G. , van den Brule Adriaan J.C. , Molijn Anco , Hinrichs John W.J. , Niesters Hubert G.M. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Berkhof Johannes , de Kok Inge M.C.M.
Published: September 2022

Background:

In the Netherlands, lower high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) positivity but higher cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ detection were found in self-collected compared with clinician-collected samples. To investigate the possible reason for these differences, we compared sociodemographic and screening characteristics of women and related these to screening outcomes.

Methods:

We extracted data from PALGA on all primary hrHPV screens and associated follow-up tests for 857,866 screened women, invited in 2017 and 2018. We linked these data with sociodemographic data from Statistics Netherlands. Logistic regression was performed for hrHPV positivity and CIN 2+/3+ detection.

Results:

Out of the 857,866 women, 6.8% chose to use a self-sampling device. A higher proportion of self-sampling users was ages 30 to 35 years, was not previously screened, was living in a one-person household, or was the breadwinner in the household. After adjustment for these factors self-sampling had lower hrHPV positivity (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.63–0.68)) as compared with clinician-collected sampling, as well as lower odds of CIN 2+ (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70–0.82) and CIN 3+ (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78–0.95) detection.

Conclusions:

It is likely that the observed differences between the two sampling methods are not only related to sociodemographic differences, but related to differences in screening test accuracy and/or background risk.

Impact:

Self-sampling can be used for targeting underscreened women, as a more convenient screening tool. Further investigation is required to evaluate how to implement self-sampling, when it is used as a primary instrument in routine screening.

See related commentary by Arbyn et al., p. 159
Validation of BD Onclarity HPV Assay on Vaginal Self-Samples versus Cervical Samples Using the VALHUDES Protocol
Authors: Latsuzbaia Ardashel , Vanden Broeck Davy , Van Keer Severien , Weyers Steven , Donders Gilbert , Doyen Jean , Tjalma Wiebren , De Sutter Philippe , Peeters Eliana , Vorsters Alex , Arbyn Marc
Published: September 2022

Background:

In this study, we evaluated accuracy of HPV testing on self-samples versus clinician-taken samples through the VALHUDES protocol. VALHUDES was designed as a diagnostic test accuracy study, where women referred to colposcopy collected self-samples followed by clinician-taken cervical samples.

Methods:

Four hundred eighty-five women recruited in five colposcopy clinics (median age = 40 years; IQR, 31–49) with valid results for all specimens were included in the main analysis: 230 vaginal self-samples were collected with Evalyn Brush and 255 with Qvintip. Cervical samples were taken by the gynecologist with the Cervex-Brush. HPV testing was performed with BD Onclarity HPV assay (Onclarity). Colposcopy and histology were used as the reference standard for accuracy estimation.

Results:

The sensitivity for CIN2+ on vaginal self-samples overall was not different from cervical samples (ratio = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90–1.03), whereas specificity was significantly higher (ratio = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.16). However, the relative accuracy (self- vs. clinician sampling) differed by vaginal collection device: relative sensitivity and specificity ratios of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.94–1.06) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.05–1.25), respectively for Evalyn-Brush; 0.91 (95% CI, 0.79–1.04) and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.95–1.13), respectively for Qvintip.

Conclusions:

Clinical accuracy of BD Onclarity HPV assay on vaginal self-samples was not different from cervical samples.

Impact:

VALHUDES study showed that HPV testing with Onclarity HPV on vaginal self-samples is similarly sensitive compared with cervical specimens. However, differences in accuracy by self-sampling devices, although not significant, were noted. Onclarity HPV testing on vaginal self-samples following validated collection and handling procedures may be used in primary cervical cancer screening.
p53 Pathway Inactivation Drives SMARCB1-deficient p53-wildtype Epithelioid Sarcoma Onset Indicating Therapeutic Vulnerability Through MDM2 Inhibition
Authors: Oppel Felix , Shao Senyao , Gendreizig Sarah , Zimmerman Mark W. , Schürmann Matthias , Flavian Viyof Ful , Goon Peter , Chi Susan N. , Aster Jon C. , Sudhoff Holger , Look A. Thomas
Published: September 2022

Loss of the gene SMARCB1 drives the development of malignant rhabdoid tumors, epithelioid sarcomas, and other malignancies. The SMARCB1 protein is a core component of the SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) family of chromatin remodeling complexes, which are important regulators of gene expression and cell differentiation. Here, we use CRISPR-Cas9 to create germline smarcb1 loss of function in zebrafish. We demonstrate that the combination of smarcb1 deficiency with mutant p53 results in the development of epithelioid sarcomas, angiosarcomas, and carcinomas of the thyroid and colon. Although human epithelioid sarcomas do not frequently harbor p53 mutations, smarcb1-deficient tumors in zebrafish were only observed following disruption of p53, indicating that p53 signaling in human tumors might be attenuated through alternative mechanisms, such as MDM2-mediated proteasomal degradation of p53. To leverage this possibility for the treatment of human epithelioid sarcoma, we tested small molecule–mediated disruption of the p53–MDM2 interaction, which stabilized p53 protein leading to p53-pathway reactivation, cell-cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. Moreover, we found that MDM2 inhibition and the topoisomerase II inhibitor doxorubicin synergize in targeting epithelioid sarcoma cell viability. This could be especially relevant for patients with epithelioid sarcoma because doxorubicin represents the current gold standard for their clinical treatment. Our results therefore warrant reactivating p53 protein in SMARCB1-deficient, p53-wildtype epithelioid sarcomas using combined doxorubicin and MDM2 inhibitor therapy.
Bedside Live-View Capsule Endoscopy in Evaluation of Overt Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Pilot Point-of-Care Study
Authors: Ravi Sujan , Aryan Mahmoud , Ergen William F. , Leal Laura , Oster Robert A. , Lin Chee P. , Weber Frederick H. , Peter Shajan
Published: September 2022

Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is an emerging tool in the diagnosis and management of occult bleeding and overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OOGIB). Maximizing the efficiency of CE can lead to rapid bleeding localization and shorter time to therapy. We investigated whether a trained registered nurse (RN) can accurately interpret bleeding by observing the CE findings in real time by measuring inter-observer agreement between RN and physician interpretation. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients admitted for OOGIB who underwent live-view capsule endoscopy (LVCE) between December 2016 and November 2017. A matched control group who underwent standard CE was obtained through retrospective review. An RN received a 2-day training program for CE interpretation. RN bedside interpretation for bleeding was followed by interpretation by 2 gastrointestinal physicians blinded to LVCE findings. Outcomes were compared between groups using t-tests and χ2 tests. Cohen’s kappa measured the agreement between the physicians and the RN. Results: Ten subjects were in the LVCE group, and 12 subjects were in the standard-of-care group. The agreement between the physicians and the RN was 9/10 (90%), with a kappa of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.26–1.00; p = 0.016). Patients in the LVCE group had shorter duration to physician interpretation (0.6 vs. 0.7 days [p = 0.50]), shorter duration to endoscopy (1.8 days vs. 3 days [p = 0.240]), and shorter length of stay (8.1 vs. 11.4 days [p = 0.26]) compared to the standard-of-care group. Conclusion: This study utilizing an RN for LVCE interpretation found inter-observer agreement between RN and physician findings. Larger studies are needed to assess whether this RN-physician team approach can translate to improved outcomes.
How Do Researchers Question Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Assessment of Developmental Research Methods
Authors: Stolzenberg Stacia N. , Malloy Lindsay C. , Verhagen Megan , Denne Emily
Published: September 2022

Both the kinds of exchanges and the context under which children are questioned may affect the quality of data. Yet, little is known about how developmental scientists communicate with children for research. Using manifest content analysis, the 3,119 manuscripts published in the top 20 developmental outlets in 2018 were coded for methodology, examining whether researchers communicated directly with children, how they did so, and how they contextualized questioning. We found that over 65% of empirical publications presenting new data questioned children. Researchers used a variety of methodologies (e.g., 64% questionnaires, 51% assessments, 5% interviews). As age increased, the odds of giving children standardized questionnaires, closed-ended questions, and Likert-type questions increased. Researchers rarely reported how they contextualized questioning and rarely utilized supplemental materials. Researchers should consider collecting more qualitative data, better reporting methodologies, and utilizing online spaces to share supplemental materials. These modifications can ensure that we produce the strongest data.
Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes infectados por COVID-19 em um município de pequeno porte no nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Silva Junior Anselmo Messias Ribeiro da , Meira Guilherme Bernardo , Machado Letícia Finco
Published: September 2022

Introdução: A pandemia do Coronavírus 2 relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SARS-CoV-2), causador da doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19), que emergiu no final de 2019 em Wuhan, Província de Hubei, China é uma variação da família do Coronavírus que causa infecções respiratórias. Os primeiros Coronavírus humanos foram isolados pela primeira vez em 1937. Objetivo: caracterizar perfil epidemiológico de casos confirmados e manifestações clínicas causadas pelo COVID-19 em um município de pequeno porte no nordeste brasileiro. Metodologia: estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, quantitativo de 564 pacientes confirmados com a doença COVID-19 no município de Poções – Bahia. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da plataforma do notifica-SUS e com a análise de prontuários somente dos pacientes que foram a óbito, e presença de sinais/sintomas relacionados a doença causada pelo COVID-19 entre o período de 01 de junho de 2020 a 08 de agosto de 2020. Resultados: A faixa etária mais atingida pela doença do COVID-19 esteve compreendida na faixa etária entre 20 a 39 anos com 40,24% de casos confirmados. Na população de 03 a 19 anos, o número de casos foi inversamente proporcional, tendo menor número de contaminados pelo vírus, 8,48% de casos confirmados, assim, seguidos pelos baixos números de casos em bebês/lactantes com taxa de infecção de baixa de 1,95%. Dentre os pacientes diagnosticados com a referida doença, os principais sintomas relatados foram tosse seca (276 [48,9%]), febre (225 [39,89%]), cefaleia (163 [28,90%]), dor de garganta (152 [26,95%), dispneia (124 [21,98%]), mialgia (107 [18,97%]) e anosmia (101 [17,90%]). Dentre os sintomas apresentados, em (76 [12,94%]) dos pacientes possuíam queixa sintomática do sistema gastrointestinal, dos quais, os principais sinais e sintomas relatados por estes foram diarreia, náusea, vômitos, inapetência, dor abdominal e perda de peso. Dentre os pacientes que evoluíram para óbito no município, os sinais/sintomas presentes eram febre e tosse seca (10 [100%]), dispneia (08 [80%]), (08 [80%]) baixa saturação, (01 [10%]) diarreia e (01 [10%]) apresentou queixa de cefaleia. Ressalta-se que as presenças dos sinais/sintomas supracitados foram associadas nos pacientes que foram a óbito. Conclusão: Dentre os pacientes sintomáticos, a febre e tosse foi a queixa mais presente no estudo desde entre os pacientes com quadro leve da doença, aos com quadro grave. A manifestação gastrointestinal isolada também esteve presente na infecção pelo COVID – 19 em pacientes. Deste modo, como uma doença nova e com uma vasta sintomatologia, a infecção pelo novo coronavírus deve ser visualizada sempre como um possível diagnóstico diferencial.