bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En respuesta a: gliflozinas en el manejo de la enfermedad cardiovascular
Authors: Rico-Fontalvo Jorge , Morales-Portillo Cristóbal , Bohórquez-Rivero José
Published: February 2023

Hemos leído con gran interés el artículo de Braunwald E,1 titulado "Gliflozins in the management of cardiovascular disease" publicado recientemente en New England Journal of Medicine, donde el autor hace una excelente revisión de los inhibidores de SGLT2 (iSGLT2) y sus efectos a nivel cardiovascular; sin embargo, consideramos relevante aclarar ciertos puntos al respecto.

En Particular, cuando se mencionan los mecanismos de acción de estos fármacos a nivel renal, solo se incluyen los mecanismos hemodinámicos (natriuresis, disminución de la presión intraglomerular, glucosuria, restablecimiento de la retroalimentación túbulo-glomerular, entre otros) que, si bien son muy importantes, cabe agregar que existen mecanismos antiinflamatorios intrarrenales directos dados por la disminución de la glucotoxicidad renal (disminución de especies reactivas de oxígeno, moléculas proinflamatorias, miofibroblastos profibróticos, entre otros). Los efectos antiinflamatorios intrarrenales pueden explicar los efectos de estos fármacos a medio y largo plazo en términos de nefroprotección. En otras palabras, la inflamación juega un papel muy importante en el desarrollo de la enfermedad renal y los iSGLT2 tienen un impacto en estas vías, de ahí la importancia de abordar dichos mecanismos2.

La revisión también menciona que la dapagliflozina y la canaglifozina cuentan con la aprobación de la FDA para reducir el riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica en etapa terminal. Aclaramos que por el momento solo la dapagliflozina es la que cuenta con esta aprobación en base a la evidencia del estudio DAPA CKD3. Canagliflozina en su estudio CREDENCE solo incluyó pacientes con enfermedad renal diabética, por lo tanto, no tiene evidencia en enfermedad renal crónica no diabética4.
Preservation of fish using instant extract of green and black tea
Authors: Nugraha Tutun , Fernando Anthony , Rahardjo Pudjo
Published: February 2023

The use of illegal and hazardous preservative agents such as formalin by traditional fishermen and trader has become a problem in Indonesia. Â In this research, instant extract powder of green tea and black tea were used as natural preservatives for fish. Both substances are known for their anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative activities due to the presence of various types of polyphenols, particularly the catechin groups. The tea extract powder was produced Â by drying Â using a spray drying device. The two different tea extract powders were tested separately, and in combination. The tests were done by dipping pieces of fresh indian mackerel fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta), also known locally as kembung banjar, in the solution containing the tea extract. The microbial tests were done using total plate count (TPC) method. The result showed that instant green and black tea extracts was capable in suppressing bacterial growth in fish. When the two substances were mixed together, the preservation activities were found to be stronger than if they were used separately. In addition, histamine and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) tests which are regularly used to test the freshness of fish also showed substantial improvement in the quality of the fish sample. The sensory tests also showed that the extracts were capable of improving the freshness of the fish sample.Â
Analysis of leaves morphology similarity of several first generation tea clones
Authors: Sriyadi Bambang
Published: February 2023

As an effort to conserve tea clone accessions of first generation from genetic erosion, arrangement germplasm in one particular block/area to be easily monitored and managed, is needed. Ideally, tea germplasm collection should consist of a few clone accession number but high genetic variability. To select representative clones that will be conserved in new germplasm collection, leaves morphology similarity has been analysed by cluster analysis using average method. The results showed that by using leaves morphology parameter, from 50 tea clone accession of first generation coming from several tea plantations, it could be reduced into 25 clone accessions from seven clusters, which each has high similarity. The first cluster with 60% similarity could reduced accession from 15 to 6 clone. The second with 74,8% similarity from 25 to 13 clones. The third with 74,8% similarity, from 4 to 2 clones. The fourth with 61,3% similarity, and seventh with 82,1% similarity, both could reduce from 2 clones to 1 clone. To design a tea germplasm collection with 50 accessions of genetic variability, it could represented by 25 clones with low similarity, i.e PG 3, KP 1, Skm 18, Cin 69, Cin 67 dan Cin 58 as the first cluster representatives, Mel 101, PG 4, Pam 15, PG 5,Â  PG 11, GP 2, BD 13, SA 49, Cin 66, Mal 16, Bks 6 and Sin 5 the second cluster representatives;Â  Â Mel 108 and Cin 13 as the third cluster representatives; and Cin 15, Cip 37, GH 5, as well as GP 4 as the fourth, the fifth, and the sixth representatives, respectively.
The effect of NPK compound fertilizer (27%:6%:10%) compared to conventional fertilizers on productive tea plants of GMB 7 clone in the Andisols soil type
Authors: Rahardjo Pudjo , Rachmiati Yati , Salim Arkat Agus
Published: February 2023

The effectiveness application of compound fertilizer NPK (27%:6%:10%) to increase Â tea shoots had been tested in Experimental Garden of Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona Gambung, Bandung, West Java, from January 2006 to March 2007. ExperiÂ­mental design used was randomized block design with 6 treatments with five replication. The plot sizes were 20 x 20 m = 400 m2/plot. The tea clone tesÂ­ted was GMB 7. The appliÂ­cation of compound fertilizer NPK (27%:6%:10%) were twice a year (50%-50%) and conventional fertlization were 4 times a year (20%-30%-20%-30%). The composition ofÂ  treatment was as follows: (A) 500 kg, (B) 600 kg, (C) 700 kg, (D) 800 kg/ha/year, and (E) conventional fertilizer recommended dosage of the Research InstituteÂ  for Tea and Cinchona Gambung (480 kg urea + 357 kg ZA + 260 kg SP 36 + 300 kg KCl + 278 kgÂ  kieserit/ha/year), and (F) control (no fertilizer treatment). ParametersÂ  observed were: 1. soil and leaf analysis at before and after treatment, 2. weighting the potential and the yield components each time of plucking, and 3. technoeconomic analysis. The results showed that: statistical analysis of the components as well as potential yield, and nutrient analysis (N, P, K, Mg and Zn) of the mother leaves of GMB 7 clones and the soil demonÂ­strated the significantly differences among the treatments of all the various doses of compound fertilizer NPK and conventional fertilizer application to control (no fertilizer treatment). Meanwhile, there were no significantly differences among the result of Â the doses of compound fertilizer NPK, to the conventional fertilizer applications. FurtherÂ­more, dose of compound fertilizer NPK (27%:6%:10%) for producÂ­tive tea plant was recommendated at 700 kg/ha rate and was equivalent to 189 kg N/ha/year or 63% of the dose of conventional fertilizer, but could provide equivalent result to conventional fertilizer application, and not only could save the buying cost of conventional fertilizerÂ  (urea, ZA, TSP/SP-36, KCl / MOP and kieserit) but also the cost of application cost in the field.
Activity DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) free radical scavenging of some ready to drink teas on
Authors: Rohdiana Dadan , Shabri Shabri
Published: February 2023

Research of free radical scavenging activity of some ready to drink tea (RTD-Tea) was carried out. Generally, the result showed that tea beverages have a good of scavenging activity against DPPH free radical. T-AR was RTD-tea which has the stronger scaÂ­venging activity against DPPH free radical. This RTD-tea has a low of EC50 value i.e. 63,55ml/ml. The scavenging activity followed were T-ES (63,95ml/ml), T-UP (65,75ml/ml), T-RO (86,85ml/ml), T-LI (91,15ml/ml), T-TA (107,53ml/ml), T-NG (125,36ml/ml) and T-AK (756,14ml/ml) respectively.
Тhe structure of morbidity of fishermen working in different geographical regions
Authors: Lupachev V. V. , Kubasov R. V. , Popov V. V. , Demin D. B. , Kubasova E. D.
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION: The existing multiple factors of the ship’s environment, together with the climatic conditions of navigation, have a long and complex effect on the body of seamen. As a result, they often cause significant changes in the body. In turn, such changes can cause the emergence and development of many diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morbidity of trawl fleet fishermen working in different climatic regions, possible factors contributing to the occurrence of diseases, to develop recommendations for reducing diseases with disability of workers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The morbidity of fishermen of the Arkhangelsk trawl fleet for the same period when working in the fishery in different climatogeographic regions was studied. 464 people of 4 crews of large freezing fishing trawlers aged 25–49 years (average age 41.8±9.5 years) and work experience from 3 to 10 years were under monitoring. The fishing area is the Norwegian Sea (northern climate zone, crew 237 people) and the Moorish Economic Zone (southern region, crew 217 people). The duration of the works ranged from 168 to 185 days. 10 voyage reports from on-board logbooks (5 times in each of the climatic regions) were used as sources of information on morbidity. Statistics: The McNemar criterion was used for comparative analysis between frequency indicators, and the MannWhitney criterion was used for absolute averages. The statistical significance level p<0.05 was regarded as proven statistically significant differences between the compared indicators.

RESULTS: The morbidity of seafarers, according to the initial appeals, had statistically significant differences when working in different climatogeographic regions. The frequency of cases of temporary disability for people working in tropical regions turned out to be much higher in comparison with the northern ones. At the same time, the average duration of the disease in the absolute majority of nosological forms (except for skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases) had no statistically significant differences between the groups of sailors.

DISCUSSION: Territorial features of fishing produce the characteristic of morbidity. Among them, the greatest contribution to the occurrence of diseases are frequent international contacts, peculiarities of processing of harvested fish, tension of adaptation mechanisms due to work in unusual conditions combined with hard work. The identified causes of morbidity among trawl fleet fishermen require the development of special measures to level them, prevent the development of chronic diseases.

CONCLUSION: Is made about the need for constant monitoring of seafarers to determine adaptive changes during the voyage period and during the readaptation of the crew to coastal conditions. Within the framework of the medical support system for water transport workers, it is necessary to take into account the adverse factors of the professional environment in order to create high-quality and safe working conditions.
Decision-making style and emotional creativity in young people who have had COVID-19 infection
Authors: Ulyukin I. M. , Rassokhin V. V. , Sechin A. A. , Orlova E. S.
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION: The period of the current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a prolonged situation of uncertainty; in the preference of styles and strategies for overcoming the intellectual and personal potential of a person is presented in the unity of the processes of cognitive evaluation, experience and choice of ways to solve a problem (stressful) situation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the interrelationships of decision-making style as a reflection of individual differences in coping with uncertainty and emotional creativity as a factor of self-realization in young people who have had COVID19 infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 100 convalescents aged 18.2±2.25 years, including 50 men (Group M) and 50 women (Group G) (the age difference between the groups is not significant). The main transferred clinical forms of COVID-19 infection were the inapparent form — 42.0% (group M — 32 people, group G — 10 people), acute respiratory viral infection — 56.0% (group M — 17 people, group G — 39 people) according to the Russian versions of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) and the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI).

RESULTS: In both groups of examined individuals after COVID-19 infection with all clinical forms of the disease, the strategy of «vigilance», considered as productive, is of the greatest importance in the decision-making process; unproductive strategies are not expressed, which is important for the subsequent medical and psychological support of convalescents.

DISCUSSION: In both groups of examined individuals after suffering COVID-19 infection in all clinical forms of the disease, the «vigilance» strategy, considered as productive, is of the greatest importance in the decision-making process; unproductive strategies are not expressed, which is important for the subsequent medical and psychological support of convalescents. It is noted that the interaction between the factors of emotional creativity is expressed not only in an increase in creativity when high values coincide on two or more faces, but also in the fact that low values of one component can be compensated by high values of another.

CONCLUSION: It is noted that the interaction between the factors of emotional creativity is expressed not only in an increase in creativity when high values coincide on two or more sides, but also in the fact that low values of one component can be compensated by high values of the other.
Disparities in the Financial Burden of Pediatric Cancer: Household Material Hardship, Financial Toxicity, and Income Loss
Authors: M Erica Evans , Lin Jackie , Sanchez-Alvarez Jacklyn , Agrawal Anurag , Winestone Lena
Published: February 2023

Background Based on previous reports of disparities in
financial burden following cancer, this study aims to characterize
mechanisms of disparities experienced by caregivers of children with
cancer, including the impact of work flexibility and social support.
Methods Cross-sectional survey (in English or Spanish) of
caregivers of children with cancer that assessed household material
hardship (HMH), financial toxicity and income change. Results
Of 156 caregivers surveyed, 32% were Hispanic and 32% were low income.
Hispanic caregivers were more likely to report HMH and financial
toxicity compared to non-Hispanic White and Asian (HMH 57% v. 21% v.
19%, p<0.001; financial toxicity 73% v. 52% v. 53%,
p=0.07). Low and middle income caregivers were more likely to experience
HMH and financial toxicity compared to high income (HMH: 68% low v.
38% middle v 8.7% high, p<0.001; financial toxicity: 81% v.
68% v. 44%, p<0.001). All income categories demonstrated
significant increases in HMH one year after diagnosis. Seventeen percent
reported >40% income loss, more of whom were low income
than high income (27% v. 12%, p=0.20). Work flexibility and social
support were associated with income and financial toxicity.
Conclusion HMH, financial toxicity, and income loss are
prevalent after a child’s cancer diagnosis, suggesting that screening
should be incorporated into routine care. This financial burden
disproportionately affects low income and Hispanic caregivers. Further
research is underway to understand how safety net services are utilized
by families, how best to support families with HMH, and how the
financial burden of cancer has been impacted by COVID-19.
Defining opioid naïve and implications for monitoring opioid use: A population-based study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Eurich Dean , Lee Cerina , Ye Ming , Weaver Olivia , Jess Ed , Gilani Fizza , Samanani Salim
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Reducing initial exposure of “opioid naïve” patients
to opioids is a public health priority. Identifying opioid naïve
patients is difficult, as numerous definitions are used. The objective
is to summarize current definitions and evaluate their impact on opioid
naïve measures in Alberta. Methods: Using dispense data
(2017-2021) and definitions guided by a scoping review, we determined
the number of “opioid naïve” patients using descriptive analyses.
Three definitions were identified: 1) no opioid use within the previous
30 days/6 months/1 year, based on dispensation date; 2) definition 1,
based on dispensation date plus days of supply; 3) exclusion of codeine
from definitions 1 and 2. Results: Of over a dozen definitions
of opioid naïve identified in the scoping review, most used an ‘opioid
free’ period (commonly 30 days/6 months/1 year). Other definitions
included “availability of drug” based on days of supply and/or
excluded certain opioid products. Approximately 36.4% of Albertans
(n=1,551,075) had an opioid dispensation in 2017-2021. The average age
was 46.6±18.8 and 52.8% were female. Results were most affected by the
“opioid free” period, with 97.4%, 83.2% and 65.6% being classified
as opioid naïve using time windows from definition 1. Definitions 2 and
3 did not materially change the results. Conclusions: The most
convenient definition for “opioid naïve” was definition 1 using a
1-year window, which aligns with the Canadian Institutes for Health
Information definition. Irrespective of definition used, a large
proportion of opioid users would be considered opioid naïve despite
initiatives to curb opioid prescription in Alberta.
The pharmacology and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting liver regeneration: A new therapeutic option
Authors: Ma Jiating , Xia Shuang , Zhang Bikui , Luo Fen , Guo Lin , Yang Yan , Gong Hui , Yan Miao
Published: February 2023

The liver is known for its remarkable regenerative capacity to restore
liver architecture and re-establish specific functions after various
types of liver injury. However, in patients with end-stage liver
disease, the regenerative capacity is inhibited and liver
transplantation is the only option. Considering the limitations of liver
transplantation and the prevalence of liver regeneration in liver
injury, promoting liver regeneration is suggested as an effective
strategy for treating patients with liver disease. Liver regeneration is
a complex process involving the regulation of cytokines, growth factors,
and metabolic signals. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been
practiced for thousands of years due to its comprehensive intervention
advantages with multi-component and multi-pathway. Recent studies have
described that TCM can effectively promote liver regeneration. In this
review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in
the process and regulation of liver regeneration. Subsequently, we first
summarize the pro-regenerative activity and mechanism of TCM formulas,
extracts and active ingredients, which reveal the potential of TCM in
promoting liver regeneration and provide reasonable evidence for TCM in
the prevention and treatment of patients with clinical liver disease.
Upregulated miRs in gastric cancer, a story still to be told
Authors: Lorenzon Laura , French Deborah , CAVALLINI MARCO , Blandino Giovanni
Published: February 2023

Dear Editor, Following the publication of our preliminary investigation
on down-regulated miRs in gastric cancers , we
completed the analyses focusing on the 4 upregulated miRs (miR21,
miR135b, miR196a, miR196b) on the same cohort of 117 non-cardial gastric
cancer patients. The investigation was carried with the same identical
experimental design and statistical analyses, as previously described.
Conservation detection dogs: A critical review of efficacy and methodology
Authors: McKeague Beth , Finlay Caroline , Rooney Nicola
Published: February 2023

1. Conservation detection dogs (CDD) use their exceptional olfactory
abilities to assist a range of conservation projects. CDD are generally
quicker, can cover wider areas, and find more samples than humans and
other analytical tools. However, their efficacy varies between studies;
methodological standardisation in the field is lacking. Considering the
cost of deploying a CDD team and the limited financial resources within
conservation, it is vital that their performance is quantified and
reliable. This review aims to summarise what is currently known about
the use of detection dogs in conservation and elucidate which factors
affect efficacy. 2. We describe the efficacy of CDD across species and
situational contexts like training and field work. Reported
sensitivities (i.e., proportion of target samples found out of total
available) ranged from 23.8% to 100% and precision rates (i.e.,
proportion of alerts that are true positives) from 28% to 100%. CDD
are consistently shown to be better than other techniques, but
performance varies substantially across the literature. There is no
consistent difference in efficacy between training, testing, and field
work, hence we need to understand the factors affecting this. 3. We
highlight the key variables that alter CDD performance. External effects
include target odour, training methods, sample management, search
methodology and environment, and the CDD handler. Internal effects
include dog breed, personality, diet, age, and health. Unfortunately,
much of the research fails to provide adequate information on the dogs,
handlers, training, experience, and samples. This results in an
inability to determine precisely why an individual study has high or low
efficacy. 4. It is clear that CDD can be applied to possibly limitless
scenarios but moving forward researchers must provide more consistent
and detailed methodologies so that comparisons can be conducted, results
are more easily replicated, and progress can be made in standardising
CDD work.
Factors affecting the nesting success of Swainson’s thrush (Catharus ustulatus) along an elevational gradient
Authors: Deckel Sarah , DeLuca William , Gerson Alexander , King David
Published: February 2023

Montane birds experience a range of challenges that may limit their
breeding success, including nest predation and severe climactic
conditions. The continuing effects of climate change are causing shifts
in biotic and abiotic factors that may compound these threats to montane
bird species. In northeastern montane forests, many bird species are
shifting downslope, potentially as the result of increased precipitation
and temperature at higher elevations. Although lower elevations might be
more favorable in terms of climactic conditions, nest predation is
higher at lower elevations. Thus, montane birds might be faced with the
opposing pressures of adverse climactic conditions at higher elevations
and increased predation at lower elevations. We monitored nests of
Swainson’s thrush (Catharus ustulatus) along an elevation gradient in
the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire in 2016, 2018, 2019
and 2021 to examine the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on nest
survival. We found a significant negative effect of rain intensity
(millimeters per hour per day) on daily nest survival, suggesting that
heavier rain per hour decreases Swainson’s thrush daily daily nest
survival. Moreover, we found a negative interaction effect of elevation
in conjunction with minimum daily temperature and average daily
temperature, suggesting that at higher elevations, temperature,
specifically on colder days, decreases Swainson’s thrush nest survival.
Our results provide evidence for a potential mechanism of how climate
change will affect nesting survival of montane breeding birds as heavier
precipitation events become more frequent and intense, a likely outcome
due to the changing climate within the White Mountains and other montane
ecosystems, putting other passerine species at risk in this system.
THE EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION QUALITY ON LUNG CANCER RATES IN MIDDLE-INCOME AND HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS APPROACH
Authors: SENOL Osman , CIRAKLI Umit , ASLAN HÜSEYİN , Aslan Emine Çetin , AKBULUT Fevzi , GÖKKAYA Durmuş
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Air pollution is one of the biggest problems in societies
today. The intensity of indoor and outdoor air pollutants and the
urbanization rate can cause or trigger many different diseases,
especially lung cancer. In this context, this study aims to examine the
relationship between indoor and outdoor air pollutants and urbanization
rate with lung cancer cases. Methods: A single dependent variable was
used in the models developed for both country groups, while three
independent variables were used. The dependent variable of the model is
lung cancer cases per 100,000 people. The independent variables are the
level of outdoor air pollution, the level of indoor air pollution, and
the rate of urbanization in the countries. Econometric models will be
developed for the effect of the independent variables used within the
scope of the research on lung cancer incidence. For both models
produced, the time dimension of the study covers the period 1990-2019,
and the data type of the variables is annual. Results: İn the modeling
developed for the developed country group, it is seen that the variable
with the highest level of effect on lung cancer is the outdoor air
pollution level. Conclusions: In parallel with the development of
countries, it has been determined that the increase in industrial
production wastes, in other words, worsening the air quality, may
potentially cause an increase in lung cancer cases. Indoor air quality
is also essential for human health; negative changes in this variable
may negatively impact individuals’ health, especially lung cancer.
Evaluation of Anemia in Thyroid Dysfunctions Anemia in Thyroid Dysfunctions: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Blatt Solange Lúcia
Published: February 2023

Objective: Evaluation of Anemia in Thyroid Dysfunctions Anemia in Thyroid. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed 145 medical records of patients diagnosed with thyroid disorders (102 women and 43 men), receiving care between January 2011 and February 2018 at the University Hospital of Florianópolis, Brazil, selected with thyroid disorder ICD. Results: Obtained by analyzing the medical records and assessing laboratory parameters: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hemoglobin values (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit values (Hct), cytomorphological erythrocyte changes, serum iron, and ferritin. Most patients were diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism, followed by primary hyperthyroidism. Hemoglobin values were present in 95.9% of patients with hypothyroidism and 89.6% of those with hyperthyroidism. Patients whose hemoglobin values were below 12 (for women) or 13 g/dl (for men) were classified as anemic. The frequency of anemia was 41.0% of patients – 76.3% had some type of hypothyroidism, while 29.7% had some type of hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: Normocytic and normochromic anemia was observed in both thyroid disorders. In hyperthyroidism, values neared microcytosis. Red blood cell counts were statistically different between males with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism was statistically related to diabetes, systemic arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.
Stroke in Young Patients: Epidemiology, Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Perez-Calvo Christian
Published: February 2023

Stroke ranks fifth among the leading causes of death and is considered one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. However, its incidence has been decreasing in the general population in recent decades. Nevertheless, in the young adult population (18-44 years) the incidence and global burden of stroke has increased due also to the increase of traditional risk factors in this population. Its etiology is varied and may differ from the most frequent causes in older adults (>65 years), in addition to the fact that in its clinical presentation there may be atypical manifestations, making its diagnosis delayed compared to older adults. Regarding its management, medical and surgical treatment is similar to that performed in the elderly, although the evidence shows better results in terms of treatment complications. However, the prognosis of stroke in the young adult is not as favorable as previously thought, as well as in mortality and physical/psychosocial consequences.
Effect of Intracerebroventricular Injection (ICV) of Simvastatin on Cerebellum and CA1 Region of the Hippocampus
Authors: Farokhi Farah
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Simvastatin is a lipophilic statin. Lipophilic statins can cross the blood-brain barrier. The present study investigates the effect of simvastatin on cerebellum and region CA1 neurons of hippocampal in adult male rats without brain injury by the ICV method. Method: In this experimental study, 26 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into six groups (n=6) including: control ICV (without injection), Shm (3μl ICV distilled water), simvastatin 28.5 nmol ICV, simvastatin 28.5 nmol ICV + vitamin D 5 µg/kg. Simvastatin treatment was performed for seven days. After the treatment period, Histological and biochemical studies were performed. Findings: Based on the results, the groups receiving simvastatin with a concentration 28.5 nmol did not have a significant difference in the percentage of degenerative cerebellar neurons compared to the control group (P> 0.05), but a significant percentage of degenerated cells in the neurons of the hippocampal region CA1 compared to the control group (P <0.05). Was observed with the control group. No significant effect was observed on the level of MDA and FRAP in any of the groups compared to the control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The present study results showed a negative effect of simvastatin on hippocampal pyramidal neurons, but this negative effect was not observed on Russian Purkinje cerebellar neurons.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Innovative Therapies for ALS under the Pipeline
Authors: Kumar Ravi
Published: February 2023

Over the last 5 decades, a multiple of experimental drugs compounds have been shown to dissuade disease progression in preclinical animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but failed to show any efficacy in human clinical trials or are still waiting for approval under Phase I–III trials. Only 2 main drug compounds are discovered till date and approved by USA Food and Drug Administration for ALS treatment that show better efficacy, effective against ALS progression in early stages and enhances the survival rate of patients. The riluzole is a glutamatergic neurotransmission inhibitor and edaravone is act as an antioxidants. Various clinical trials carried out for ALS treatment but do not show any effective pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data. We required further study on genetics and pathophysiology of ALS that associated with progression of disease. In this review, we focused on pathological aspects and some important drug molecules that participate in clinical trials.
Giant Cell Arteritis - A Disease not to be Missed in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: RV Aravinda
Published: February 2023

Giant cell arteritis is described classically as a medium and large vessel inflammatory disease. It generally affects the external carotid vascular system and causes its typical symptoms. However, relatively uncommon is its involvement of internal carotid artery to cause visual disturbances and ischemic strokes. Typically, ultrasonography of the superficial temporal artery shows classical feature of the disease i.e., halo sign with a high sensitivity. Biopsy of the affected vessel, even though less sensitive, is diagnostic. We are describing such a case of giant cell arteritis involving both external and internal carotid vascular system which is negative on biopsy and did not show typical ultrasonographic features but diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Additionally the patient also had a severe atherosclerotic carotid vascular disease. Both of which may be associated with ischemic stroke.
Note on Neurofeedback of Patients of Insomnia
Authors: Venkataraman Yegnanarayanan
Published: February 2023

FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) is meant for measuring the blood oxygenation level based signal in the brain. It is a quantity that comes from various physiological and biophysical sources and denotes to neural activity a vascular coupling. FMRI has particular preference over other neuroimaging non-invasive methods like electroencephalographic recordings (EEG). rtfMRI, (real time fmri) is a process that adopts functional counsel from a MRI scanner where the fMRI keep runs to data acquisition. Currently, rtfMRI is applied to intraoperative surgical guidance, brain–computer interfaces , and neurofeedback. Insomnia is a disorder in sleep that constantly affects several crores of people worldwide. People with insomnia finds it hard to go to asleep or remain asleep. Using rest-state functional connectivity depending on variations in certain regions of interest in brain one can examine connectivity alterations on patients of insomnia.. In this paper, we have reported on the findings of Huan Zhang et al’s approach concerning rt-fMRI (real-time functional magnetic resonance neurofeedback) therapy for training for patients of insomnia.
An Unwonted Cause of Acute Cerebellar Ataxia in a Young Lady: A Rare Path to Lupus
Authors: Gomes Richmond R
Published: February 2023

Neuropsychiatric manifestations are commonly observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. In particular, neurological involvement is known to be more common in patients with positive anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulants. Nevertheless, cerebellar ataxia has rarely been reported, especially as the first clinical manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Cerebral vascular infarction or ischemia, vasogenic oedema and antibody-mediated cerebral vasculopathy or vasculitic process have been supposed as possible aetiologies of acute cerebellar ataxia related to SLE. We report the clinical and radiological features of a 38 years old diabetic lady who developed a rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome as first sign of SLE; no other cause explaining her cerebellar ataxia was found. Imaging of brain in this patient revealed prominent cerebellar atrophy. She was treated with initial pulse intravenous methylprednisolone later oral prednisolone and oral mycophenolate mofetil. There was no further progression of her neurological signs after the initiation of therapy. The appearance of a cerebellar syndrome with unknown aetiology with associated features of possible systemic autoimmune dysfunction, should be taken into account in clinical practice for appropriate diagnostic workup in order to provide effective therapeutic options.
A Typical Psychological Treatment with EMDR
Authors: Checa Alejandro
Published: February 2023

EMDR is a method of structured psychotherapy that facilitates the treatment of various psychopathologies and problems related to both traumatic events and more common but emotionally stressful experiences.
Neurotization of Musculocutaneous Nerve with Intercostal Nerves Assisted with Videothoracoscopy. Clinical Case of a Patient with Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: Caceres Juan Pablo
Published: February 2023

In total brachial plexus preganglionic lesions (C5 for T1), different extraplexual neurotizations are indicated for partial motor function restitution specially for the elbow flexion. Neurotization with intercostal nerves (ICN) [Spanish Acronym] to musculocutaneous nerve has been known and accepted during many years with different results. The customary technique as described by various authors is carried out by means of a large submammary incision to harvest three or four intercostal nerves. Then are anatomosed by direct suture or grafts to the musculocutaneous nerve or its motor branches. Based on a previous study by the author on the possibility of performing the dissection of the intercostal nerves by videothoracoscopy, we present a clinical case of a 29-year-old patient with a complete brachial plexus injury in which we performed this technique and its results at 2 years.
Gas Profiles Unravel Fractured and Compartmentalized Reservoirs
Authors: B Takyi
Published: February 2023

The profiles of gas in reservoirs of the Nene Oil Field in the Lower Congo Basin was modelled and evaluated for the objective of delineating the reservoir structure. The wells are NNM Well 6, NNM Well 301 and NNM Well 302. The C1 profiles show significant difference between wells 6 and 301 relative to well 302. The C1 profile for Well 302 unravels gas migrations from different compartments at the reservoir depth and mixes at a depth of 1.5KM. The observation also indicates the presence of a fracture that allow homogenization of the gases at that depth. The iC4/nC4 ratio for NNM Well 302 showed a profile for which the ratio is greater than 1.0 throughout the well section downdip. The observation portrays biodegradation throughout the well section generation from an immature source. The study shows that the NNM Well 6 reservoir is laterally compartmentalized from others, while all the well shoe some potential for vertical continuity of the wells
Origin, Depositional Environment and Thermal Maturity of some Source Rocks from Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria
Authors: KE Kouadio
Published: February 2023

Eleven (11) core samples from Agbada and Akata formations in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to evaluate their paleodepositional conditions and source input as well as to determine their thermal maturity. The distribution of n-alkanes, isoprenoids, and biomarkers indicate a mixture (marine/terrigenous) organic matter source input for Agbada and Akata formation sediments deposited in marine environment. Low values of Phytane/nC18 (0.45 to 1.32) and Pristane/nC17 (0.37 to 1.8) indicates Marine organic matter contribution and anoxic-suboxic (Type II/III kerogens) depositional conditions of extract for Agbada and Akata Formations. The Carbon Preference Index (CPI) values for all analysed samples are slightly greater than 1.0 indicate a mixed input of marine and terrigenous organic matter deposited under relatively reducing (dysoxic) conditions. The high concentration of Oleanane in studied samples reveals that source rocks are tertiary age and belong to marine deltaic depositional environment. Moderate to higher Gammacerane index values ranging from 0.06 to 0.11, suggests water-column stratification, potentially due to hypersalinity for Isan oilfield well samples from Agbada formation. Biomarker maturity parameters suggest that the sediments have reached the early stages of hydrocarbon generation.
Colloidal Stability of Bitumens Related to their Generic Composition
Authors: F Czechowski
Published: February 2023

Three bitumens obtained from crude oils widely differing in chemical nature were analyzed for generic composition. Separation into group components was carried out by liquid chromatography, using a new procedure. With this method, five fractions were separated, i.e. saturates, cyclics, light resins, heavy resins and asphaltenes. The size distribution of the asphaltene particles in the bitumens and the Heithaus parameters characterizing the colloidal stability of bitumen were determined. The results suggest that the role of the light resins in bitumen differs from that of the heavy resins, as they are constituents of the dispersing and dispersed phase, respectively. The cyclic components and light resins form the dispersing medium of bitumen while the heavy resins and asphaltenes constitute the dispersed material. Saturates are the bitumen components that deteriorate the peptization of asphaltene particles.
An Overview of Radon Concentration in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: MK Lawal
Published: February 2023

Without a doubt, radon is a harmful gas that is the greatest cause of lung cancer in nonsmokers and the second biggest cause of lung cancer in smokers. However, due to a lack of knowledge and limited research, this poisonous gas has received little attention in the southwestern area of Nigeria. As a result, a few studies have been compiled with the goal of policymakers using it as a baseline for radon monitoring in the region, which may also be used as a reference for future studies.
Overview of Optical Technology for Aerosols Characterization
Authors: A Scagliotti
Published: February 2023

The study of the optical properties of particles in micro and macro environments is a field that collects valuable information on the chemistry and microphysics of aerosols (referring to particles and gases). Constant improvements in instrument and detector designs and mechanisms enable measurements with ever-increasing precision and resolution. Moreover, in recent years low-cost open-source technology has emerged as a massive offer, with very good features, which has allowed low-income laboratories and institutions to carry out their own optical measurements on samples and systems of different natures. This review aims to present the main current advances in optical measurements of air samples using optical properties. Emphasis is placed on low-cost technology and its characterization and applications due to its current boom and mass marketing, with the added value of new scientific articles showing advances in its uses and applications. On the one hand, the theory behind spectral photometric measurements is described, and on the other, the bases for detection from the scattering of a coherent light beam. Finally, the main advances in the literature making use of these phenomena are described, complemented with general results of own measurements. In order to focus the analysis, these aspects are presented based on atmospheric measurements.
Studying the Structural Properties of Compounds Fluoride that Blotched by Sb
Authors: M Alhasno
Published: February 2023

Sb doped calcium fluoride transparent conducting powder were prepared by solid state reaction method. Structural properties of the samples were investigated as a function of various Sb-doping levels (x=0.00-0.04-0.05-0.06). The results of x-ray diffraction have shown that the samples are polycrystalline structure in cubic phase and show presence (111) ،(220) ،(311) ،(400) planes in pure CaF2 sample and The preferred orientation is (220) for pure CaF2 and we have peaks correspond to (012), (015), (024), (122) for Sb for all samples and the preferred orientation is (015) for Sb for all samples. The average of crystallite size is within the range [4.063-0.915 nm] for all samples. The relative intensities, distance between crystalline planes (d), crystallite size (D) and lattice parameters (a) were determined.
A Tale of the Scattering Lifetime and the Mean Free Path
Authors: P Contreras
Published: February 2023

The idea of applying the scattering lifetime calculated from the imaginary part of the zero temperature elastic scattering cross-section to study a hidden self-consistent damping in two spaces of importance for non-equilibrium statistical mechanics is proposed. It is discussed its relation with the classical phase space from statistical mechanics and the configuration space from nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. This idea is contrasted with the mean free path values in three elastic collision regimes. The main exercise is to study the behavior of a self-consistent probabilistic distribution function in a space we have called the reduced phase space since it is related to the scattering lifetime. This exercise has been solved in two unconventional superconductors for which several calculations are discussed. One of them is to obtain the scattering phase shift from the inverse strength of an atomic potential and the other is to build several phases with different nodal configuration of the superconducting order parameter and show that the imaginary self-consistent part of the scattering cross-section is always positive for two compounds: the triplet strontium ruthenate and the singlet doped with strontium lanthanum cuprate when three models of superconducting order parameters are used: the quasi-point, the point and the line nodal cases. We finally compare the frequency dispersion in the anomalous skin effect with singular shapes of the Fermi surface with the frequency dispersion in the scattering lifetime and their respective mean free paths. This idea is useful because it intuitively explores the nonlocality of this type of hidden self-consistent damping for those incoherent fermionic quasiparticles.
Mechanism of Hydroquinone Oxidation by Hot Plasma Pulsed Radiation
Authors: IP Ivanova
Published: February 2023

The degradation of hydroquinone in interactions with OH• , HO2 • radicals, nitrous and peroxynitrous acids has been studied. Active species were generated using a corona electric discharge and pulsed radiation from hot plasma of a spark electric discharge. When interacting with hydroxyl radicals, hydroquinone breaks down into low molecular weight products. When interacting with species formed under the action of hot plasma radiation, chain oxidation of hydroquinone to benzoquinone occurs. This process is environmentally friendly and does not require the use of additional catalysts. Products formed under the action of radiation decompose over time.
Tingkat kemampuan guru dalam menyusun RPP kurikulum merdeka berkarakter: Ditinjau melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan terprogram
Authors:   Pengawas SMP Kota Bandar Lampung, Nurlelawati Nurlelawati
Published: February 2023

This study aims to improve the ability of teachers in the preparation of learning implementation plans. This research uses the form of school research action research (PTS) which is carried out in 3 (three) cycles, carried out in 2 Bandar Lampung City Assisted Junior High Schools with the subject of research for all teachers in semester 2 of the 2021/2022 Academic Year totaling 20 people. The research method uses School Action Research. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews and tests. Data analysis is carried out with 3 (three) stages including: data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions or verification. The hypothesis states that through the application of programmatic training and assistance, it can improve the ability of teachers in the preparation of learning implementation plans in 2 junior high schools assisted by Bandar Lampung City for the 2021/2022 Academic Year. Empirical data shows that coaching with programmatic training and assisted assistance can improve the ability of teachers of 2 junior high schools assisted by Bandar Lampung City in semester 2 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year in the preparation of a learning implementation plan from the initial condition of the teacher ability value of 63.16 in cycle III to 78.47. So it can be concluded that through the application of training and programmatic assistance, it can improve the ability of teachers to formulate a learning implementation plan. Keywords: teacher ability, lesson implementation plan, training, programmatic mentoring