bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Prevention Efforts and Risk Factors Among Veteran Suicide Decedents Who Died by Firearm
Authors: Ammerman Brooke A. , Reger Mark A.
Published: February 2020

Objective

Veterans die by suicide at a higher rate than the U.S. population, and veterans more frequently use a firearm as the suicide method. Consequently, firearm accessibility and storage represent important prevention considerations. This project aimed to explore the implementation of suicide prevention efforts among veterans who went on to die by suicide, with and without the use of a firearm, and to identify factors that differentiated veteran suicide decedents to help inform suicide prevention efforts.

Methods

Data from the Veteran Health Administration Behavior Health Autopsy Program was analyzed for 97 veteran suicide decedents.

Results

Results demonstrated that veterans who used a firearm for suicide were less likely to have engaged in suicide prevention efforts overall and were less likely to have received lethal means safety counseling / safety planning. Veterans who died by firearm had lower levels of notable risk factors (e.g., prior suicide attempt, no‐shows for appointments), however were more likely to have a documented unsecured firearm in their home.

Conclusion

These findings support the benefit of broadening the reach of suicide prevention efforts, especially for high‐risk veterans with access to firearms.
Automated classification of demographics from face images: A tutorial and validation
Authors: Jaeger Bastian , Sleegers Willem W. A. , Evans Anthony M.
Published: February 2020

Examining disparities in social outcomes as a function of gender, age, or race has a long tradition in psychology and other social sciences. With an increasing availability of large naturalistic data sets, researchers are afforded the opportunity to study the effects of demographic characteristics with real‐world data and high statistical power. However, since traditional studies rely on human raters to asses demographic characteristics, limits in participant pools can hinder researchers from analyzing large data sets. Automated procedures offer a new solution to the classification of face images. Here, we present a tutorial on how to use two face classification algorithms, Face++ and Kairos. We also test and compare their accuracy under varying conditions and provide practical recommendations for their use. Drawing on two face databases (n = 2,805 images), we find that classification accuracy is (a) relatively high, with Kairos generally outperforming Face++ (b) similar for standardized and more variable images, and (c) dependent on target demographics. For example, accuracy was lower for Hispanic and Asian (vs. Black and White) targets. In sum, we propose that automated face classification can be a useful tool for researchers interested in studying the effects of demographic characteristics in large naturalistic data sets.
Effects of storage time prolongation on in vivo and in vitro characteristics of 4°C–stored platelets
Authors: Stolla Moritz , Bailey S. Lawrence , Fang Lydia , Fitzpatrick Lynda , Gettinger Irena , Pellham Esther , Christoffel Todd
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Cold (4°C)‐stored platelets are currently under investigation for transfusion in bleeding patients. It is currently unknown how long cold‐stored platelets can be stored for clinical applications.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Twenty three subjects were recruited. Twenty‐one subjects were available for in vivo assessment and received indium‐111 radiolabeled, cold‐stored platelets. We investigated 5‐ (n = 5), 10‐ (n = 6), 15‐ (n = 5), and 20‐day–stored (n = 5) platelets and obtained samples for in vitro testing at baseline and after the designated storage time. Twenty three units were available for in vitro testing. Five‐ and 7‐day (n = 5 each), room temperature (RT)‐stored platelets served as the current clinical standard control.

RESULTS

In vivo, we found a continuous decline in platelet recovery from 5 to 20 days. Platelet survival reached a low nadir after 10 days of storage. Ex vivo, we observed the maximum platelet αIIbβ3 integrin response to collagen at 5 days of cold storage, and we saw a continuous decline thereafter. However, platelet integrin activation and mitochondrial membrane integrity were better preserved after 20 days at 4°C, compared to 5 days at RT. Platelet metabolic parameters suggest comparable results between 20‐day cold‐stored platelets and 5‐ or 7‐day RT‐stored platelets.

CONCLUSION

In summary, we performed the first studies with extended, cold‐stored, apheresis platelets in plasma for up to 20 days with a fresh comparator. Storing cold‐stored platelets up to 20 days yields better results in vitro, but further studies in actively bleeding patients are needed to determine the best compromise between hemostatic efficacy and storage prolongation.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Nurse Suicide in the United States (2005–2016) With Recommendations for Action
Authors: Davidson Judy E. , Proudfoot James , Lee Kelly , Terterian Garni , Zisook Sidney
Published: February 2020

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated nurses are at risk of suicide. This is the first national longitudinal study of U.S. nurse suicide.

Aims

To identify the longitudinal incidence, method, and risks of nurse suicide in the United States.

Methods

2005 to 2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Violent Death Reporting System retrospective analysis of suicide incident rate ratios (IRR).

Results

A total of 1,824 nurse and 152,495 non‐nurse suicides were evaluated. Nurses were at greater risk of suicide than the general population (female IRR 1.395, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.323, 1.470, p < .001; male IRR 1.205, 95% CI 1.083, 1.338, p < .001). Female nurses who completed suicide did so most frequently by pharmacologic poisoning (n = 399, 27.2% vs. n = 8,843, 26.9%), whereby male nurses and the general public used firearms (n = 148, 41.7% vs. n = 57,887, 48.4%). Job problems were more likely in nurses (female odds ratio [OR] 1.989, 95% CI 1.695, 2.325, p < .001; male OR 1.814, 95% CI 1.380, 2.359, p < .001), as well as mental health history (female OR 1.126, 95% CI 1.013, 1.253, p < .027; male OR 1.302, 95% CI 1.048, 1.614, p = .016) and leaving a suicide note (female OR 1.221, 95% CI 1.096, 1.360, p < .001; male OR 1.756 [1.412, 2.181], p < .001).

Linking Evidence to Action

The increased risk of suicide in nurses is congruent with previous reports. The consistency in results increases confidence that findings are generalizable and warrant action. The use of pharmacologic poisoning as a method of suicide, most often by opioids and benzodiazepines, indicates a need for improved identification and treatment of nurses with substance use. Workplace wellness programs need to focus on reducing workplace stressors. Further research is indicated to determine best prevention methods. Policy indications include the need to accurately track gender in nursing, enhance substance use disorder programs, and mandate suicide prevention activities.
Thermal Model of a Solar Thermochemical Reactor for Metal Oxide Reduction
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Lifeng , Pottas Johannes J. , Bader Roman , Kreider Peter B. , Wheeler Vincent M. , Lipiński Wojciech
Published: February 2020

A transient heat transfer model is developed to study the thermal performance of a high-temperature solar thermochemical reactor for metal oxide reduction. The solar reactor consists of an indirectly irradiated tubular fluidized bed contained in a solar cavity receiver. Radiative heat transfer in the cavity, modeled with the Monte Carlo ray-tracing method, is coupled to conduction in the tube and cavity walls. Incident radiation distributions from a diffuse radiative source and a high-flux solar simulator are implemented separately in the model to study the influence of incident radiation directionality on the performance of the reactor. Maximum temperature, maximum thermal stress, start-up time, energy balance, and particle reduction rate for the proposed reactor concept are calculated to inform the design and optimization of a prototype reactor.
Rezafungin
In Vitro
Activity against Contemporary Nordic Clinical
Candida
Isolates and
Candida auris
Determined by the EUCAST Reference Method
Authors: Helleberg Marie , Jørgensen Karin Meinike , Hare Rasmus Krøger , Datcu Raluca , Chowdhary Anuradha , Arendrup Maiken Cavling
Published: February 2020

Rezafungin (formerly CD101) is a novel echinocandin in clinical development. EUCAST epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFFs) have not yet been established. We determined the
in vitro
activity of rezafungin and comparators against 1,293 Nordic yeast isolates and 122 Indian
Candida auris
isolates and established single-center wild-type upper limits (WT-UL). The isolates (19
Candida
spp. and 13 other yeast species) were identified using Chromagar; matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF); and, when needed, internal transcribed spacer sequencing.
Atypical Salmonella enterica Serovars in Murine and Human Macrophage Infection Models
Authors: Hurley Daniel , Hoffmann Maria , Muruvanda Tim , Allard Marc W. , Brown Eric W. , Martins Marta , Fanning Séamus
Published: February 2020

Nontyphoidal
Salmonella
species are globally disseminated pathogens and are the predominant cause of gastroenteritis. The pathogenesis of salmonellosis has been extensively studied using
in vivo
murine models and cell lines, typically challenged with
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium. Although
S. enterica
serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are responsible for most of the human infections reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), several other serovars also contribute to clinical cases of salmonellosis.
mSphere of Influence: a Community To Study Communities
Authors: Limoli Dominique
Published: February 2020

Dominique Limoli studies polymicrobial interactions during cystic fibrosis respiratory disease. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how two papers (D. A. Hogan, S. D. Willger, E. L. Dolben, T. H. Hampton, et al., PLoS One 11:e0149998, 2016,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149998
, and P. Jorth, B.
Influenza A Virus Field Surveillance at a Swine-Human Interface
Authors: Rambo-Martin Benjamin L. , Keller Matthew W. , Wilson Malania M. , Nolting Jacqueline M. , Anderson Tavis K. , Vincent Amy L. , Bagal Ujwal R. , Jang Yunho , Neuhaus Elizabeth B. , Davis C. Todd , Bowman Andrew S. , Wentworth David E. , Barnes John R.
Published: February 2020

Swine are influenza virus reservoirs that have caused outbreaks and pandemics. Genomic characterization of these viruses enables pandemic risk assessment and vaccine comparisons, though this typically occurs after a novel swine virus jumps into humans. The greatest risk occurs where large groups of swine and humans comingle. At a large swine exhibition, we used Nanopore sequencing and on-site analytics to interpret 13 swine influenza virus genomes and identified an influenza virus cluster that was genetically highly varied to currently available vaccines. As part of the National Strategy for Pandemic Preparedness exercises, the sequences were emailed to colleagues at the CDC who initiated the development of a synthetically derived vaccine designed to match the viruses at the exhibition. Subsequently, this virus caused 14 infections in humans and was the dominant U.S. variant virus in 2018.
Regulatory Noncoding Small RNAs Are Diverse and Abundant in an Extremophilic Microbial Community
Authors: Gelsinger Diego R. , Uritskiy Gherman , Reddy Rahul , Munn Adam , Farney Katie , DiRuggiero Jocelyne
Published: February 2020

Microorganisms in the natural world are found in communities, communicating and interacting with each other; therefore, it is essential that microbial regulatory mechanisms, such as gene regulation affected by small RNAs (sRNAs), be investigated at the community level. This work demonstrates that metatranscriptomic field experiments can link environmental variation with changes in RNA pools and have the potential to provide new insights into environmental sensing and responses in natural microbial communities through noncoding RNA-mediated gene regulation.
Historic cohort: outcome of chronic exertional compartment syndrome-suspected patients
Authors: Maksymiak Roy , Ritchie E , Zimmermann W , Maliko N , van der Werve M , Verschure M , Hoencamp R
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Exercise-related leg pain (ERLP) may be caused by chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS), occurring mainly in athletes and military recruits. In military populations, the effectiveness of surgical treatment in CECS is debated. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of surgical treatment for CECS in Alrijne Hospital (the Netherlands), a civilian hospital with supraregional referral function.

Methods

A historic cohort study was performed on patients with ERLP who were suspected for CECS and were referred for intracompartmental pressure measurement (ICPM) from 2013 to 2017 (n=160). Patient demographics, ICPM and survey response were analysed.

Results

The mean delay before visitation was 29.0±30.3 months. When comparing surgical-treated patients with CECS with conservative-treated patients with ERLP, surgical-treated patients were more satisfied, reported better recovery towards former level of performance (2.8±2.0 vs 3.9±1.7 and 2.5±1.6 vs 3.2±1.4 on a 7-point Likert scale, respectively) and better subjective injury status (79.3±22.6 vs 63.5±27.4 using the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score). Treatment satisfaction was 75.0% in surgical-treated CECS versus 51.4% in conservative-treated ERLP.

Conclusion

Civilian patients report improved functional outcomes after fasciotomy for CECS. Future research should focus on non-invasive diagnostic options and methods to determine which treatment is the most appropriate for each individual patient.
Interactions of sprint interval exercise and psychological need-support on subsequent food intake among physically inactive men and women
Authors: Beer Natalya J. , Dimmock James A. , Jackson Ben , Guelfi Kym J.
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) and psychological need-support in exercise on postexercise appetite and energy intake. Forty physically inactive men and women (body mass index, 24.6 ± 4.8 kg·m−2; peak oxygen consumption, 26.6 ± 4.9 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomised to either a need-support or no-support condition, with each participant completing 2 experimental trials involving 30 min of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 60% peak oxygen consumption) and SIT (alternating 15 s at 170% peak oxygen consumption and 60 s at 32% peak oxygen consumption) matched for total work. Perceptions of appetite and appetite-related blood variables were assessed, together with ad libitum energy intake for 3 h following exercise using a laboratory test meal and available snacks. Greater enjoyment, perceived exertion, heart rate, and blood lactate were observed in SIT compared with MICT (all p ≤ 0.006). Ratings of perceived appetite were similar across conditions and trials (p > 0.05); however, active ghrelin was lower following SIT compared with MICT (p < 0.001), and there was a significant condition-by-type interaction for energy intake (p = 0.033), with participants in the support group consuming less energy from foods following SIT (1895 ± 1040 kJ) than MICT (2475 ± 1192 kJ). Findings from this work highlight the need to reconsider traditional exercise guidelines where dietary intake is a concern.

Novelty Enjoyment was greater during SIT compared with MICT. Enjoyment and choice were higher among participants provided with psychological need-support. In a need-supportive environment, SIT reduced subsequent energy intake compared with MICT.
Mixed fluid cosmological model in f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Sahoo Parbati , Taori Barkha , Mahanta K.L.
Published: February 2020

We construct a locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I cosmological model in f(R, T) theory of gravity when the source of gravitation is a mixture of barotropic fluid and dark energy (DE) by employing a time-varying deceleration parameter. We observe through the behavior of the state finder parameters (r, s) that our model begins from the Einstein static era and goes to ΛCDM era. The equation of state (EOS) parameter (ωd) for DE varies from the phantom (ω < –1) phase to quintessence (ω > –1) phase, which is consistent with observational results. It is found that the discussed model can reproduce the current accelerating phase of the expansion of the universe.
Metformin regulates TRPM6, a potential explanation for magnesium imbalance in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Bouras Hacene , Roig Sara R. , Kurstjens Steef , Tack Cees J.J. , Kebieche Mohamed , de Baaij Jeroen H.F. , Hoenderop Joost G.J.
Published: February 2020

Metformin therapy is associated with lower serum magnesium (Mg2+) levels in type 2 diabetes patients. The TRPM6 channel determines the fine-tuning of Mg2+ (re)absorption in intestine and kidney. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the short- and long-term effects of metformin on TRPM6. Patch clamp recordings and biotinylation assays were performed upon 1 h of incubation with metformin in TRPM6-transfected HEK293 cells. Additionally, 24 h of treatment of mDCT15 kidney and hCaco-2 colon cells with metformin was applied to measure the effects on endogenous TRPM6 expression by quantitative real-time PCR. To assess Mg2+ absorption, 25Mg2+ uptake measurements were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Short-term effects of metformin significantly increased TRPM6 activity and its cell surface trafficking. In contrast, long-term effects significantly decreased TRPM6 mRNA expression and 25Mg2+ uptake. Metformin lowered TRPM6 mRNA levels independently of insulin- and AMPK-mediated pathways. Moreover, in type 2 diabetes patients, metformin therapy was associated with lower plasma Mg2+ concentrations and fractional excretion of Mg2+. Thereby, short-term metformin treatment increases TRPM6 activity explained by enhanced cell surface expression. Conversely, long-term metformin treatment results in downregulation of TRPM6 gene expression in intestine and kidney cells. This long-term effect translated in an inverse correlation between metformin and plasma Mg2+ concentration in type 2 diabetes patients.
Fluctuations and clustering of multiplicity in collisions of relativistic ions
Authors: Rybczyński Maciej , Włodarczyk Zbigniew
Published: February 2020

We discuss the recently measured event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. It is shown that the observed non-monotonic behavior of the scaled variance of the multiplicity distribution as a function of collision centrality can be fully explained by the correlations between produced particles promoting cluster formation (such an effect is not observed in a widely used string-hadronic models of nuclear collisions). We define a cluster as a quasi-neutral gas of charged and neutral particles which exhibits collective behavior. The characteristic space scale of this shielding is the Debye length. The multiplicity distribution in a cluster is given by a negative binomial distribution while the rest (reservoir), treated as a superposition of elementary collisions, is described by a binomial distribution. The ability to generate spatial structures (cluster phase) with self-similar fluctuations of multiplicity sign the propensity to self-organize of hadronic matter.
Vacuum instability in a constant inhomogeneous electric field: a new example of exact nonperturbative calculations
Authors: Adorno T. C. , Gavrilov S. P. , Gitman D. M.
Published: February 2020

Basic quantum processes (such as particle creation, reflection, and transmission on the corresponding Klein steps) caused by inverse-square electric fields are calculated. These results represent a new example of exact nonperturbative calculations in the framework of QED. The inverse-square electric field is time-independent, inhomogeneous in the x -direction, and is inversely proportional to x squared. We find exact solutions of the Dirac and Klein–Gordon equations with such a field and construct corresponding in- and out-states. With the help of these states and using the techniques developed in the framework of QED with x-electric potential steps, we calculate characteristics of the vacuum instability, such as differential and total mean numbers of particles created from the vacuum and vacuum-to-vacuum transition probabilities. We study the vacuum instability for two particular backgrounds: for fields widely stretches over the x-axis (small-gradient configuration) and for the fields sharply concentrates near the origin $$x=0$$x=0 (sharp-gradient configuration). We compare exact results with ones calculated numerically. Finally, we consider the electric field configuration, composed by inverse-square fields and by an x-independent electric field between them to study the role of growing and decaying processes in the vacuum instability.
The Impact of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Functional Connectivity in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Evaluated by Directed Transfer Function and Indices Based on Graph Theory
Authors: Olejarczyk Elzbieta , Zuchowicz Urszula , Wozniak-Kwasniewska Agata , Kaminski Maciej , Szekely David , David Olivier
Published: February 2020

The objective of this work was to study the impact of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on the EEG connectivity evaluated by indices based on graph theory, derived from Directed Transfer Function (DTF), in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or with bipolar disorder (BD). The results showed the importance of beta and gamma rhythms. The indices density, degree and clustering coefficient increased in MDD responders in beta and gamma bands after rTMS. Interestingly, the density and the degree changed in theta band in both groups of nonresponders (decreased in MDD nonresponders but increased in BD nonresponders). Moreover, both indices of integration (the characteristic path length and the global efficiency) as well as the clustering coefficient increased in BD nonresponders for gamma band. In BD responders, the activity increased in the frontal lobe, mainly in the left hemisphere, while in MDD responders in the central posterior part of brain. The fronto-posterior asymmetry decreased in both groups of responders in delta and beta bands. Changes in inter-hemispheric asymmetry were found only in BD nonresponders in all bands, except gamma band. Comparison between groups showed that the degree increased in delta band independently on disease (BD, MDD). These preliminary results showed that the DTF may be a useful marker allowing for evaluation of effectiveness of the rTMS therapy as well for group differentiation between MDD and BD considering separately groups of responders and nonresponders. However, further investigation should be performed over larger groups of patients to confirmed our findings.
Cheng–Shen conjecture in Finsler geometry
Authors: Atashafrouz M. , Najafi B.
Published: February 2020

The well-known Cheng–Shen conjecture says that every [Formula: see text]-quadratic Randers metric on a closed manifold is a Berwald metric. The class of [Formula: see text]-quadratic Randers metrics contains the class of generalized Douglas–Weyl Randers metrics. In this paper, we give a classification of left-invariant Randers metrics of generalized Douglas–Weyl type on three-dimensional Lie groups. Based on our classification theorem, we find a counter-example for the Cheng–Shen conjecture.
THE DETERMINANTS OF BANK CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN THE WORLD
Authors: TRAN DUNG VIET , HASSAN M. KABIR , PALTRINIERI ANDREA , NGUYEN TRUNG DUC
Published: February 2020

We examine the determinants of bank capital structure using a large sample of banks in the world. We find that banks determine their capital structure in much the same way as non-financial firms, except for growth opportunities. We also provide evidence that country-level factors, such as the legal system, bank-specific factors and economic conditions influence banks’ capital decisions through their impacts on bankruptcy costs, agency costs, information asymmetry and liquidity creation. The results show that, besides the direct effects, there are indirect impacts of country-level factors on the decision of bank capital. Our results have potential policy implications for the on-going regulatory reform.
Regular black holes and self-gravitating solitons with DE interiors
Authors: Dymnikova Irina
Published: February 2020

We outline the basic generic features of regular black holes and self-gravitating solitons replacing naked singularities with Dark Energy (DE) interiors, including thermodynamics of horizons and products of black holes evaporation as dark matter candidates with DE interiors, two kinds of interiors for rotating objects, electrically charged black holes and spinning solitons and non-dissipative source of their electromagnetic fields and geometry.
The Lagrangian of charged test particle in Horava-Lifshitz black hole and deformed phase space
Authors: Nekouee Z. , Sadeghi J. , Shokri M.
Published: February 2020

We use deformation approach and obtain Lagrangian of charged test particle. We show the effect of non-commutative parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the Lagrangian of a test particle in Horava-Lifshitz background with charge and without charge and see in the case of [Formula: see text] and without charge, the deformed and non-deformed Lagrangian will be the same. In the case of [Formula: see text] and with charge will be the same but the charge or field need some scaling. Finally, results in the case of [Formula: see text] with charge are completely different. It means that we have other components in addition to having a time component of the field.
Possible models of the planetary systems formations
Authors: Salnikova T. V. , Stepanov S. Ya. , Kugushev E. I.
Published: February 2020

We discuss extended model of planetary system formation. Gravitational collapse of protoplanets leads to the formation of planets and their satellite systems. We consider the hypothesis of a two-stage mechanism of formation of satellite system. Small satellites are formed from the remnants of a collapsing protoplanetary cloud, and large satellites are formed by capturing other relatively small protoplanets. In this paper we study the process of formation of the initial gas-dust cloud, whose evolution leads to the formation of a protoplanetary, and then a planetary system. The justification of the extended model is carried out by numerical simulation. Stable for some time configurations are obtained as a result of interaction of the oncoming mass flows: the spatial collisionless matter takes a lens-like shape, and the planar dissipative system tends to form two gravitating rotating bodies, like the binary stars.
Testing unitarity of the 3 × 3 neutrino mixing matrix in an atomic system
Authors: Huang Guo-Yuan , Sasao Noboru , Xing Zhi-Zhong , Yoshimura Motohiko
Published: February 2020

Unitarity of the [Formula: see text] lepton flavor mixing matrix [Formula: see text] is unavoidably violated in a seesaw mechanism if its new heavy degrees of freedom are slightly mixed with the active neutrino flavors. We propose to use the atomic transition process [Formula: see text] (for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] stand, respectively for the excited and ground levels of an atomic system, to probe or constrain the unitarity-violating effects of [Formula: see text]. We find that the photon spectrum of this transition will be distorted by the effects of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as compared with the [Formula: see text] case. We locate certain frequencies in the photon spectrum to minimize the degeneracy of effects of the unitarity violation and uncertainties of the flavor mixing parameters themselves. The requirements of a nominal experimental setup to test the unitarity of [Formula: see text] are briefly discussed.
On the ubiquity of electromagnetic-duality rotations in 4D, 𝒩 = 1 holoraumy tensors for on-shell 4D supermultiplets
Authors: Gates S. James , Lay Daniel , Hazel Mak S.-N. , Peters Brock , Ramakrishnan Aravind , Stiffler Kory , Wimpee Zachary , Xiao Xiao , Yuan Yifan , Zhang Jinjie , Zhou Peter V.
Published: February 2020

Holoraumy is a tool being developed for dimensional enhancement (supersymmetry holography) where the goal is to build higher-dimensional supersymmetric multiplets from lower-dimensional supersymmetric multiplets. In this paper, for the first time we investigate holoraumy for on-shell supersymmetry. Specifically, the holoraumy tensors for a number of familiar 4D, [Formula: see text] multiplets are calculated. It is shown in all of these cases of on-shell theories, the holoraumy is of the form of an electromagnetic duality charge multiplying a composite transformation involving an electromagnetic duality rotation through an angle of [Formula: see text] times a space–time translation. The details of our calculations can be found at the HEPTHools Data Repository .
Tunable optical absorption of WS2monolayer via alkali metal modulation
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Cui Zhen , Wang Xinmei , Ding Yingchun
Published: February 2020

The electronic and optical absorption behaviors of alkali-metal atoms doped WS2monolayer were systematically investigated by employing density functional theory based on first-principles calculations. The observed all alkali-metal-doped WS2monolayer present metal behaviors, whereas the intrinsic WS2monolayer exhibits semiconductor behavior. Charge density difference demonstrates that the large charge transfer occurs between the alkali metal and WS2layer. The work function of WS2can be adjusted from 5.12 eV to 5.52 eV. Importantly, the absorption spectrums of alkali-metal-doped WS2appear with some absorption peaks at the 405 nm, 512 nm and 575 nm in the visible light range, which demonstrate the alkali-metal-doped WS2can be used for photovoltaic and visible photocatalytic devices. Furthermore, the absorption spectrum of WS2is generally redshifted through alkali metal doping. This indicates that alkali metal doping can broaden its application in optoelectronic devices.
Analysis of current–voltage and capacitance–voltage characteristics of Zr/p-Si Schottky diode with high series resistance
Authors: Aldemir Durmuş Ali
Published: February 2020

Zr/p-Si Schottky diode was fabricated by DC magnetic sputtering of Zr on p-Si. Zr rectifying contact gave a zero bias barrier height of 0.73 eV and an ideality factor of 1.33 by current–voltage measurement. The experimental zero bias barrier height was higher than the value predicted by metal-induced gap states (MIGSs) and electronegativity theory. The forward bias current was limited by high series resistance. The series resistance value of 9840 [Formula: see text] was determined from Cheung functions. High value of the series resistance was ascribed to low quality ohmic contact. In addition to Cheung functions, important contact parameters such as barrier height and series resistance were calculated by using modified Norde method. Re-evaluation of modified Norde functions was realized in the direction of the method proposed by Lien et al. [IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 31 (1984) 1502]. From the method, the series resistance and ideality factor values were found to be as 41.49 [Formula: see text] and 2.08, respectively. The capacitance–voltage characteristics of the diode were measured as a function of frequency. For a wide range of applied frequency, the contact parameters calculated from [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] curves did not exhibit frequency dependence. The barrier height value of 0.71 eV which was in close agreement with the value of zero bias barrier height was calculated from [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plot at 1 MHz. The values of acceptor concentration obtained from [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] curves showed consistency with actual acceptor concentration of p-Si.
A molecular dynamics study of nanoscale titanium nitrides formation in ferrite
Authors: Lv Yanan , Chen Dong
Published: February 2020

Molecular dynamics simulation was adopted to investigate the nanoscale titanium nitride formation at the early formation stage in high-strength low-alloy steel. During the cluster formation process, the nitride clusters were formed through the atom aggregation. The atomic interactions of titanium and nitride atoms were revealed and the cluster property was discussed. The nanoscale titanium nitride clusters own a wide composition, and the cluster formation mechanism was concluded.
Lie group analysis and invariant solutions of (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Boussinesq equation
Authors: Hu Hengchun , Lu Yihui
Published: February 2020

We study the (3[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Boussinesq equation by using the Lie group analysis method. The reduction equations are given out by selecting different constants and new explicit solutions are also presented by the Riccati equation expansion and the power series expansion.
Optimal Placement and Sizing of TCSC for Improving the Voltage and Economic Indices of System with Stochastic Load Model
Authors: Ghaedi Saman , Tousi Behrouz , Abbasi Maysam , Alilou Masoud
Published: February 2020

In this paper, an efficient method is proposed for optimal allocation and sizing of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) to improve the technical and economic indices of a power network with deterministic and stochastic load models. First, the compensator allocation is done in the transmission system with the deterministic load model. After calculating the technical and economic indices of the network in the presence of a deterministic load model, the proposed method is applied to the system with a stochastic load model. The two-point estimation method is used for simulating the stochastic conditions. The indices of voltage deviation and economics of the system are optimized for selecting the optimal location and size of TCSCs. The economic index comprises loss cost, cost of the produced active power of generators and also the costs of installation, operation and maintenance of TCSCs. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is utilized to optimize the objective functions. After the multi-objective optimization, the fuzzy decision method is employed to extract one of the Pareto-optimal solutions as the best compromise one. For evaluating the proposed method, comprehensive simulations have been performed on the IEEE 39-bus network by using MATLAB/Matpower software. The simulation results clearly prove the remarkable performance of the proposed method in improving the technical and economic indices of the system.
Asymptotic behavior and control of a “guidance by repulsion” model
Authors: Ko Dongnam , Zuazua Enrique
Published: February 2020

We model and analyze a guiding problem, where the drivers try to steer the evaders’ positions toward a target region while the evaders always try to escape from drivers. This problem is motivated by the guidance-by-repulsion model [R. Escobedo, A. Ibañez and E. Zuazua, Optimal strategies for driving a mobile agent in a “guidance by repulsion” model, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 39 (2016) 58–72] where the authors answer how to control the evader’s position and what is the optimal maneuver of the driver. First, we analyze well posedness and behavior of the one-driver and one-evader model, assuming of the same friction coefficients. From the long-time behavior, the exact controllability is proved in a long enough time horizon. Then, we extend the model to the multi-driver and multi-evader case. We assumed three interaction rules in the context of collective behavior models: flocking between evaders, collision avoidance between drivers and repulsive forces between drivers and evaders. These interactions depend on the relative distances, and each agent is assumed to be undistinguishable and obtained an averaged effect from the other individuals. In this model, we develop numerical simulations to systematically explore the nature of controlled dynamics in various scenarios. The optimal strategies turn out to share a common pattern to the one-driver and one-evader case: the drivers rapidly occupy the position behind the target, and want to pursuit evaders in a straight line for most of the time. Inspired by this, we build a feedback strategy which stabilizes the direction of evaders.
The Stokes complex for Virtual Elements in three dimensions
Authors: Beirão da Veiga L. , Dassi F. , Vacca G.
Published: February 2020

This paper has two objectives. On one side, we develop and test numerically divergence-free Virtual Elements in three dimensions, for variable “polynomial” order. These are the natural extension of the two-dimensional divergence-free VEM elements, with some modification that allows for a better computational efficiency. We test the element’s performance both for the Stokes and (diffusion dominated) Navier–Stokes equation. The second, and perhaps main, motivation is to show that our scheme, also in three dimensions, enjoys an underlying discrete Stokes complex structure. We build a pair of virtual discrete spaces based on general polytopal partitions, the first one being scalar and the second one being vector valued, such that when coupled with our velocity and pressure spaces, yield a discrete Stokes complex.
Solvability of equations in elementary functions
Authors: Belov-Kanel Alexey , Malistov Alexei , Zaytsev Rodion
Published: February 2020

We prove that the equation [Formula: see text] is unsolvable in elementary functions.
From biquandle structures to Hom-biquandles
Authors: Horvat E. , Crans A. S.
Published: February 2020

We investigate the relationship between the quandle and biquandle coloring invariant and obtain an enhancement of the quandle and biquandle coloring invariants using biquandle structures.

We also continue the study of biquandle homomorphisms into a medial biquandle begun in [Hom quandles, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 23(2) (2014)], finding biquandle analogs of results therein. We describe the biquandle structure of the Hom-biquandle, and consider the relationship between the Hom-quandle and Hom-biquandle.
Minimizing intersection points of curves under virtual homotopy
Authors: Chernov Vladimir , Freund David , Sadykov Rustam
Published: February 2020

A flat virtual link is a finite collection of oriented closed curves [Formula: see text] on an oriented surface [Formula: see text] considered up to virtual homotopy, i.e., a composition of elementary stabilizations, destabilizations, and homotopies. Specializing to a pair of curves [Formula: see text], we show that the minimal number of intersection points of curves in the virtual homotopy class of [Formula: see text] equals to the number of terms of a generalization of the Anderson–Mattes–Reshetikhin Poisson bracket. Furthermore, considering a single curve, we show that the minimal number of self-intersections of a curve in its virtual homotopy class can be counted by a generalization of the Cahn cobracket.
Braid index bounds ropelength from below
Authors: Diao Yuanan
Published: February 2020

For an unoriented link [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the ropelength of [Formula: see text]. It is known that in general [Formula: see text] is at least of the order [Formula: see text], and at most of the order [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the minimum crossing number of [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, it is known that there exist families of (infinitely many) links with the property [Formula: see text]. A long standing open conjecture states that if [Formula: see text] is alternating, then [Formula: see text] is at least of the order [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that the braid index of a link also gives a lower bound of its ropelength. More specifically, we show that there exists a constant [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the largest braid index among all braid indices corresponding to all possible orientation assignments of the components of [Formula: see text] (called the maximum braid index of [Formula: see text]). Consequently, [Formula: see text] for any link [Formula: see text] whose maximum braid index is proportional to its crossing number. In the case of alternating links, the maximum braid indices for many of them are proportional to their crossing numbers hence the above conjecture holds for these alternating links.
Functoriality of Khovanov homology
Authors: Vogel Pierre
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we prove that every Khovanov homology associated to a Frobenius algebra of rank 2 can be modified in such a way as to produce a TQFT on oriented links, that is a monoidal functor from the category of cobordisms of oriented links to the homotopy category of complexes.
Finite groups acting on hyperelliptic 3-manifolds
Authors: Mecchia Mattia
Published: February 2020

We consider 3-manifolds admitting the action of an involution such that its space of orbits is homeomorphic to [Formula: see text] Such involutions are called hyperelliptic as the manifolds admitting such an action. We consider finite groups acting on 3-manifolds and containing hyperelliptic involutions whose fixed-point set has [Formula: see text] components. In particular we prove that a simple group containing such an involution is isomorphic to [Formula: see text] for some odd prime power [Formula: see text], or to one of four other small simple groups.
The multi-region index of a knot
Authors: Goodhill Sarah , Lowrance Adam M. , Gonzales Valeria Munoz , Rattray Jessica , Zeh Amelia
Published: February 2020

Using region crossing changes, we define a new invariant called the multi-region index of a knot. We prove that the multi-region index of a knot is bounded from above by twice the crossing number of the knot. In addition, we show that the minimum number of generators of the first homology of the double branched cover of [Formula: see text] over the knot is strictly less than the multi-region index. Our proof of this lower bound uses Goeritz matrices.
Minimal partitions for critical Heegaard splittings
Authors: Lee J. H. , Saito T.
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we define the minimality of a partition for a critical Heegaard surface. The standard minimal genus Heegaard surface of [Formula: see text], which is known to be critical, admits a minimal partition. Moreover, we give an example of a critical surface that admits both a minimal partition and a non-minimal partition.
Multivariate Alexander quandles, II. The involutory medial quandle of a link
Authors: Traldi Lorenzo
Published: February 2020

Joyce showed that for a classical knot [Formula: see text], the order of the involutory medial quandle is [Formula: see text]. Generalizing Joyce’s result, we show that for a classical link [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] components, the order of the involutory medial quandle is [Formula: see text]. In particular, [Formula: see text] is infinite if and only if [Formula: see text]. We also relate [Formula: see text] to several other link invariants.
Evaluation and Selection of Software Vulnerabilities
Authors: Anjum Misbah , Kapur P. K. , Agarwal Vernika , Khatri Sunil Kumar
Published: February 2020

Information systems are an integral part of every organization’s critical resource and are an important responsibility of all organizations in this digital world to defend them from attacks. Misuse of critical systems of data raises serious difficulties to organizations which involve loss of productivity, profits, company loss, credibility loss and often, legal issues. This paper develops a framework to analyze the optimal selection of vulnerabilities having maximum severity and can be resolved in minimum time. In this study, an integrated framework involving Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) and Entropy method is used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of software vulnerabilities. Severity of vulnerabilities is then computed by taking into consideration the combined weights calculated from AHP and Entropy method. To select the most critical vulnerability, a bi-objective programming problem is used with the objective of weight maximization and time minimization. The weighted goal programming approach is used to achieve a compromise between conflicting objectives and to achieve a satisfactory solution to the bi-objective problem. The findings are tested in the Delhi-National Capital Region by a software firm.
Development and Research FMEA Expert Team Model
Authors: Panyukov D. , Kozlovsky V. , Klochkov Y.
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a description and research of the model of the team of experts in the application of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The main factors affecting the efficiency of the team of experts are highlighted. The generalized mathematical model of influence of these factors on efficiency of work of team is described. The research of this model on three different sets of initial data characterizing typical situations arising at the enterprise at application of the FMEA method is presented. An assessment was made of the simultaneous change of two types of competencies and motivation of both the participants and the team-wide single parameter. The model is studied on three typical situations with a different set of initial conditions and the corresponding parameters. The use of this technique allows for a preliminary assessment of the change in the effectiveness of the analysis by a team of specialists over time, which allows on the one hand to plan correctly not only the application of the FMEA itself within the overall schedule of work, but also to properly organize the training of the team. In addition, this technique will allow you to visually compare the various teams with each other and choose the most optimal or effective team.
CAPITAL ALLOCATION FOR SET-VALUED RISK MEASURES
Authors: CENTRONE FRANCESCA , ROSAZZA GIANIN EMANUELA
Published: February 2020

We introduce the definition of set-valued capital allocation rule, in the context of set-valued risk measures. In analogy to some well known methods for the scalar case based on the idea of marginal contribution and hence on the notion of gradient and sub-gradient of a risk measure, and under some reasonable assumptions, we define some set-valued capital allocation rules relying on the representation theorems for coherent and convex set-valued risk measures and investigate their link with the notion of sub-differential for set-valued functions. We also introduce and study the set-valued analogous of some properties of classical capital allocation rules, such as the one of no undercut. Furthermore, we compare these rules with some of those mostly used for univariate (single-valued) risk measures. Examples and comparisons with the scalar case are provided at the end.
Modeling Coopetition as a Quantum Game
Authors: Babu Sujatha , Mohan Usha , Arthanari Tiru
Published: February 2020

Coopetition is defined as the existence of simultaneous competition and cooperation between the same set of players, leading to entanglement of payoffs and actions of the players. This paper provides insights into the game theoretical application of quantum games to model simultaneity and entanglement that occur in coopetition. Modeling as a quantum game also allows for a larger action space and hence new equilibrium that may not have existed earlier. The impact of the level of entanglement on the equilibrium of the game can also be studied. We demonstrate the same through an example of two players who currently compete in the domestic market and are considering cooperating simultaneously in the international market. They need to determine the equilibrium strategy to adopt under coopetition that maximizes their payoffs. We also arrive at how to ensure that the quantum strategy is the equilibrium strategy for both players, namely, how to design the quantum strategy and how to define the unitary operator.