bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimenting Scientifically
Authors: Martin Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter describes the author’s goal of her project as the “ether of psychology,” noting that the experiments she observed in the laboratory turn out to be central to that ether. It confirms whether one experiment would be trying to understand prejudice, stereotyping, judging responsibility, or attitudes toward persons with physical or mental disabilities. It also analyzes another experiment, which shows a long series of scenes with a range of emotional valences of which some were violent and frightening and some warm-hearted and appealing. The chapter gives a simple explanation of what was being measured in the experiment, recording the author’s emotional responses that are happening in one part of her brain and her memory happening in another part of her brain. It points out that the experimental setup seemed imbued with social meanings the researchers deemed extraneous to the experiment.
Normalizing Data
Authors: Martin Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter reviews the author’s experience of being a participant in psychological experiments, which determines how, with such an obstreperous subject, researchers get results. Being able to disregard erratic responses depends on having enough subjects, as the more subjects there are, the easier it is to designate some responses as unusable and still have enough subjects left to make an adequate sample. The chapter emphasizes that no matter how many subjects are in an experiment, there is still the question of why most subjects fall within the average responses and do not have to be rejected. The chapter explains that the technique of normalizing data does not belong to experimental psychology alone but is widely used in statistical operations in many fields. Experimenters define categories such as age, gender, race, or socioeconomic status based on conceptions of these categories that are commonly accepted within their discipline.
Entering Social and Digital Media
Authors: Martin Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter reviews why findings from experiments in cognitive psychology flow so easily and frequently into major news media. It mentions that media accounts about psychological research are often appealingly presented in the form of useful tips about solving practical problems in daily life. Structural forces of poverty, racism, or misogyny profoundly affect many people around the world, preventing them from entering the pool of subjects who produce data in psychological experiments. The chapter considers experiments appealing as they measure cognitive capacities of human beings under the controlled conditions that enable them to carry out experimental tasks successfully. It emphasizes how anthropologists have given up the particular media-friendly frisson that comes with describing cognitive abilities all humans are thought to share.
Fieldwork in the Anthropocene
Authors: Bogusz Tanja
Published: September 2022

Interdisciplinary sensitivity takes into account the epistemic upheaval of the Anthropocene. However, the still fragmented academic organization between nature and society counteracts intellectual progress. The paper explores the possibilities of enhancing collaboration between biology and sociology by providing an empirical reflection of common methodological grounds. Building on practice theory, pragmatism, science studies and sociocultural anthropology, I discuss current nature–society relationships through an ethnography of a taxonomist’s laboratory, followed up by a biodiversity expedition in Papua New Guinea. I address analogical thinking as a device for interdisciplinary collaboration through four modes of fieldwork enrollment: Ontological, disciplinary, transdisciplinary and experimental. The paper concludes with two arguments: Firstly, fieldwork could engender new knowledge in between differing epistemic cultures and, secondly, an analogical fieldwork approach based on the interrelatedness of experience, trial and cooperation facilitates promising pathways for sustainable futures of inquiry.
Inovasi Pelayanan Kesehatan Mobile JKN Di Kantor BPJS Kota Subulussalam
Authors: Br Sagala Reviana , Hajad Vellayati
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses health service innovations at the Subulussalam City BPJS Office. The purpose of this study is to see how the development of BPJS Health innovations can provide good services for the community through the Mobile JKN application. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach to see the development of Mobile JKN innovations. Data collection techniques through interviews with BPJS staff and the community using Mobile JKN. The results show that Mobile JKN has developed well because it has complete features and can be used anywhere and anytime so that health services can be more effective and efficient. The conclusion of this study is that health service innovation through Mobile JKN is good, it can be seen through three indicators, namely, good quality, has a variety of functions and the Mobile JKN application also has a uniqueness that is different from other applications.
Sub-District Government Bureaucracy and Public Services Performance During the COVID-19
Authors: Rahmawaty Cendy , Putri Desfitha Maharani , Lawelai Herman , Nastia Nastia , Sadat Anwar
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of the Sub-District government bureaucracy and public services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study indicate that in terms of Government Bureaucratic Performance in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lea-Lea Sub-District, employees understand and can carry out their duties and functions as state servants in carrying out public services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This can be seen from the ability to provide services starting from Input Indicators, Process Indicators, Output Indicators, Result Indicators, Benefit Indicators, and Impact Indicators. This is supported by observations and in-depth interviews with officers on duty at the Lea-Lea Sub-District office, who complained about the lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Optimization of Tool Life and Surface Roughness for Hypereutectic Al – Si Alloys in Face Milling
Authors: Othman Kamal , Abdul Ghani Jaharah , Juri Afifah , Mohd Mohd Shahfizal Ruslan , Kassim Shahir , Che Haron Che Hassan
Published: September 2022

The automotive industry is looking to adopt environmentally-friendly machining processes for automotive components. This study intends to investigate the machining parameters affecting the machinability of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys in the context of surface roughness and tool life via a DLC coated face milling cutter inserted under dry cutting conditions. The machining parameters used in this study were cutting speeds of 250 m/min and 350 m/min, feed rates of 0.02 mm/tooth and 0.04 mm/tooth, and a constant depth of cut of 0.3 mm. The orthogonal full factorial (2³) method was used for the experimental trials. A commercial software called Minitab 17 was used to generate the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the mathematical prediction model for each machining response. The experimental results confirmed that an excellent surface finish was achieved with a value of as low as 0.140 µm, while the highest value for tool life of 105.47 minutes was realized with face milled aluminium alloy A390. From the analyses, it was confirmed that the feed rate is the most significant machining factor affecting surface roughness, while in the case of tool life; cutting speed is the most influential machining factor. The main effect plot showed that the optimum cutting condition for realizing low surface roughness and longer tool life is at 250 m/min, a feed rate of 0.02 mm/tooth, and radial depth of cut 12.5 mm. The prediction model for surface roughness and tool life was developed and reported low percentage errors.
Los tipos de hábitat en Buenos Aires: poblamiento, estructura demográfica y condiciones residenciales
Authors: Marcos Mariana , Del Río Juan Pablo
Published: September 2022

Los tipos de hábitat se definen como entornos urbanos resultantes del proceso de poblamiento de la ciudad y las formas de producción del espacio habitacional. El presente artículo se propone indagar en el modo en que ellos se vinculan con el perfil demográfico, las características del parque de viviendas y el mercado de localizaciones intrametropolitanas en Buenos Aires, con base en datos censales recientes. Como resultado, se describen las condiciones habitacionales a la luz de las variantes genéticas del proceso de poblamiento, y se destacan los contrastes, similitudes, jerarquías y distancias entre los entornos urbanos que componen la ciudad.
Variaciones socioeconómicas y territoriales en el tránsito a la adultez en México. Una aplicación del índice de entropía
Authors: Martínez Salgado Mario
Published: September 2022

El objetivo general de esta investigación es evaluar las variaciones en las pautas de transición a la vida adulta en México según la condición socioeconómica y el contexto territorial. Mediante el uso del índice de entropía y los datos de la Encuesta Intercensal de 2015, medimos la heterogeneidad del tránsito a la adultez considerando en conjunto las dimensiones escolar, laboral y familiar. Los resultados muestran que las condiciones socioeconómicas y territoriales estructuran la vida de las mujeres y los hombres jóvenes, marcando diferencias importantes en la cadencia con que suceden los cambios de estatus en las esferas antes referidas.
La urbanización capitalista. Un recorrido histórico a partir de la producción y circulación del libro de Christian Topalov
Authors: Cruz Facundo
Published: September 2022

En este artículo analizamos el libro La urbanización capitalista, de Christian Topalov, disponible en español. Empleamos el método historicista que el propio autor desarrolló en trabajos posteriores para el análisis de su texto y de la recepción que tuvo en América Latina. Este enfoque nos sirve para evaluar la trayectoria de una perspectiva teórica que se desarrolló en Europa en las vísperas de la mutación neoliberal del capitalismo; circuló junto a los exiliados hispanoamericanos de la época; y su rehabilitación para el siglo XXI ofrece nuevas perspectivas para las cuestiones tematizadas actualmente.
Procesos de la transición urbana a sistemas autónomos descentralizados de energía renovable
Authors: Di Pietro Simone
Published: September 2022

La reconfiguración social de las tecnologías, así como la de los sistemas sociales e institucionales que permiten su surgimiento y uso, es indispensable para la sostenibilidad. El presente trabajo profundiza los procesos de transición energética urbana mediante la adopción de sistemas autónomos/descentralizados de energía renovable, en el contexto de las dinámicas de cambio urbano. El avance de este proceso resulta fuertemente dependiente de la competencia entre los actores participantes del proceso de planificación energética urbana. Se utiliza una metodología basada en la revisión de la literatura con el fin de proponer un aporte teórico.
Health Facility Readiness for Promoting Male Involvement in Family Planning Services in Tanzania: A Qualitative Study on Perspectives of Health Providers in Kibaha District
Authors: Msovela Judith , Tengia – Kessy Anna , Mubyazi Godfrey M.
Published: September 2022

Background: The successes and failures of health policies and programs to motivate men to develop interest in positive decision making and actions relating to reproductive and child health services (RCHs) in Tanzania are inadequately documented. Therefore, a study was done to explore the health facility readiness for motivating men to effectively participate in RCHs including family Planning (FP) in Kibaha District. Methods: This was a cross-sectional qualitative study undertaken in 2014 and involving in-depth interviews (IDIs) with frontline RCH providers at selected health facilities (HFs) and their district coordinator. Data were transcribed verbatim, coded and evaluated thematically through a narrative analysis approach. Results: All the respondents admitted the role of men in influencing FP decisions at family and other community levels and the need for engaging them in RCHs. They all reported to have continued to note an increasing attitude and activeness of men to attend the RCH facilities available for RCHs along with their partners despite the remaining ones who still show hesitance. FP interventions supported by the District Council Authority and development partners were reported to contribute in increasing the number of males coming for FP and other RCHs. Nevertheless, some shortcomings were experienced, and were reported to include some HFs providing FP services on selected week days which limit the clients who would need them any day/time; some dispensaries lacking adequate lounges or consultation room spaces for accommodating clients arriving in couples or who would be held for receiving health education in group; and the occasional stock-outs of essential FP commodities and other RCHs at some of the HFs. Conclusions: The study reveals the pleasure frontline RCHs staff had after observing an increasing trend in male involvement in such services and the support given by the government and its allied stakeholders to make this a success. However, the prevailing deficiencies relating to HF infrastructure and FP commodity supplies need to be addressed if a universal health coverage for FP and other RCHs were to be attained as policy and program- wise advocated.
Predictors of Surgical Site Infections among Patients Undergoing Open Urological Surgery at a Tertiary Hospital, Tanzania: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kibwana Upendo O. , Manyahi Joel , Sensa Victor , Yongolo Sydney C , Lyamuya Eligius
Published: September 2022

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the major hospital acquired infections, highly associated with prolonged hospitalisation, morbidity and mortality. In open urological surgeries, little is known on magnitude and factors associated with development of SSI. Methods and Materials: The intervention was a cross-sectional prospective observational study performed between August 2015 and March 2016 at Muhimbili National hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Patients who underwent open urological surgery at MNH during the study period and met inclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled, and followed up for 30 days. Patients´ and operative characteristics were recorded using standard structured questionnaires. Wound/ pus swabs were collected from patients with clinical evidence of SSI for bacteriological processing. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: Of 182 patients who underwent open urological surgery, 22% (40/182) developed SSI. Pre-operative urinary tract infection (aOR 9.73, 95%CI 3.93-24.09, p<.001) and contaminated wound class (aOR 24.997, 95%CI 2.58-242.42, p = .005) were independent predictors for development of SSI. Shaving within 30 hrs before surgical procedure was found to be protective for developing SSI (aOR 0.26, 95%CI 0.09-0.79, p=.02). Escherichia coli (20/40) was the most predominant pathogen in SSI followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (7/40) and S. aureus (6/40). Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ceftriaxone, gentamicin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: Surgical Site Infection was high in open urological interventions. Pre-operative urinary tract infection and contaminated wound class predicted SSI. Bacteria causing SSI were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.
Procedural specifics of resolving consumer disputes in individual civil court proceedings in the Czech Republic
Authors: Křiváčková Jana Petrov , Hamuľáková Klára
Published: September 2022

The regulation of consumer protection in procedural law is largely up to the individual Member States of the European Union, which have procedural autonomy in these matters. In the area of individual judicial protection, there are two possible approaches to consumer protection. The first of these is not to introduce any regulation of procedural rules, as the general legal regulation of civil court proceedings seems to be fully sufficient to meet the above requirements. The other approach is to introduce special procedural rules for consumer protection. The Czech procedural regulation is based more on the first approach. The aim of this article is to evaluate whether the regulation set in this way provides the consumer with sufficient protection and meets the requirements of the right to judicial protection and a fair trial.
Collective Actions for the Protection of Consumers in the Czech Republic
Authors: Janoušková Anežka
Published: September 2022

The paper at hand deals with collective procedural mechanism in the Czech Republic. Class action is nowadays considered one of the main procedural tools to protect consumers. Collective procedure in business-to-consumer disputes is thus on its rise in Europe. Yet, the Czech Republic belongs to few EU Member States where consumers still cannot rely on comprehensive regulation of collective action. The paper firstly provides for a brief introduction of existing possibilities that are governed by the Czech procedural law such as right of a consumer organisation to file for representative action on injunction relief or judge’s discretion to use the consolidation of civil proceedings. Further, the article focuses on the question, whether it would be useful if the Czech consumers (or qualified entities on their behalf) could file for collective action on redress measure. The paper subsequently presents the main principles of the unsuccessful Proposal for Collective Proceedings Act, which was submitted by the former Government. Finally, the article elaborates on possible development in this matter, given a duty of the Czech legislator to implement Directive on representative actions.
Rules of Consumer Redress in Hungary, in Particular Regarding the Domestic Model of Alternative Dispute Resolution
Authors: Hajnal Zsolt
Published: September 2022

The Member States have sufficient leeway to maintain or flexibly shape the domestic map of consumer enforcement system within the European Union, thus reflecting the sociocultural conditions of the Member State concerned. In this study I focus on the consumer redress mechanisms in wider and narrow sense in the Hungarian legal system, highlighting the unique or special solutions.
Autonomous Interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights and Margin of Appreciation
Authors: Trykhlib Kristina , Lemak Vasyl
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of interpretation and application in practice of the European human rights standards through autonomous interpretation, as well as to the definition of the role and significance of the doctrine of margin of appreciation in this process. The relevance of the subject matter of research is due to the need to implement effective mechanisms for ensuring and protecting key human rights and freedoms in Ukraine, the establishment of the European principles of law and the European identity. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the formation and evolution of the doctrine of autonomous interpretation in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights by studying and synthesizing judicial practice on the application of autonomous interpretation and elaboration on this basis of a system of autonomous concepts that reflect the common European vision of fundamental human rights and are also a kind of foundation of the European human rights law. The methodological basis of the paper are philosophical, general scientific and special research methods, in particular, dialectical, historical, logical, systemic, sociological, and comparative methods. The study concludes that it is through autonomous interpretation based on the European consensus that the European Court of Human Rights establishes imperative standards for the interpretation and application of human rights in practice, which prevents certain violations by particular member states of the Council of Europe, as well as supports the convergence and harmonization of different national legal systems, which contributes to the formation of the most homogeneous legal environment and the European system of human rights protection. The practical feasibility of the study is aimed primarily at applying autonomous concepts in practice, prima facie, by the judiciary.
Post-Brexit European Map: the New Continental Status Quo and Institutional Decision-Making
Authors: Kiss Lilla Nóra
Published: September 2022

Brexit became part of the European public consciousness following the 2016 referendum. We are only just starting to realize the actual effects and consequences of the UK’s withdrawal in multiple issues. The article analyzes the new, post-Brexit continental status quo and the changing trends in institutional decision-making. The position and dominance of the Member States are reflected in their role in the EU institutions. The weight of the Member States in decision-making also has a significant impact on the development of individual common policies. Brexit has strengthened the dominance of Germany and France. However, it also affected the position of Central and Eastern European states. Poland has become one of the “big Member States” that could make the combined dominance of the Visegrád states (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia) more relevant in forming the future of the EU..
CEE EU Central Banks’ Policy during the First Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Kozińska Magdalena
Published: September 2022

Faced with COVID-19 crisis, central banks have once again become one of the key players in the economies. The aim of this article is to analyse the actions of Central and Eastern European central banks within all their roles (monetary policy, micro-and macroprudential policy, deposit guaranteeing and resolution) during the first coronavirus wave. The analysis shows that they were active in various fields, not only those that were traditionally always assigned to central banks (i.e. monetary policy, although this was the major field of activity). Scope of the intervention naturally depended on the shape of the national financial safety net. At the same time, the use of monetary policy tools depended on the adopted monetary policy strategy. Practice of central banks’ actions shows that central banks with a wide range of monetary tools reacted later. It seems that the scope and intensity of the use of monetary policy tools was not influenced by the general role of the central bank in the financial safety net. The monetary toolkit used by banks was based on a standard set of instruments with modified conditions of application (scale, transaction parameters and their type, collaterals and counterparties). Although transactions with specific parameters were sometimes implemented for the first time, they can still be included in the framework of classic monetary policy tools. In areas other than monetary policy, central banks were much less active. The most disturbing seems to be the passivity in the field of macroprudential policy.
Does the Phillips Curve Exist? Evidence from the Middle East and North African Countries
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Khan Rasheed , Khan Saleem
Published: September 2022

This study aims to explore the validity of Phillips curve for eight (8) countries from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), namely Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Malta, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia over the period of 1991–2019. The panel autoregressive distributed lag/pooled mean group (ARDL/PMG) estimation is employed in the study because of the nature of data. The results of ARDL/PMG reveal that there is no trade-off between inflation and unemployment rates in the panel of eight MENA countries in the long run, while there is a negative but insignificant relationship between these two variables in the short run. In addition, the trade-off between inflation and unemployment for each of the panel’s countries has also been investigated. The empirical results indicate that there is no trade-off in the short run as the estimated coefficients found are statistically insignificant. Hence, it is concluded that there is no empirical evidence of the trade-off between inflation and unemployment rates in MENA countries.
Impact of Reserve Option Mechanism on Exchange Rate Volatility During the FED’s Tapering Period
Authors: Demirbas Erkan , Can Nurettin
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the effectiveness of ROM. We conducted the GARCH (1,1) Model to determine whether ROM contributed to decreasing the volatility of USD/TL exchange rate for the period 2013-2014. We construct four Models where four different variables are separately used that represent the ROM tool, i.e. the amount of FX reserves of CBRT via ROM, and the share of the FX reserves via ROM in Gross FX Reserves of CBRT. Our findings are convincing to say FX facility and the ratio of utilization for the FX facility to ensure the results are statistically meaningful during this period.
Changes in Basel Capital Requirements and Lending Ability of African Commercial Banks
Authors: Oyetade Damilola , Obalade Adefemi A. , Muzindutsi Paul-Francois
Published: September 2022

This research examines the potential impact of Basel IV capital requirements (CAR) on bank lending ability in Africa. To achieve the objective, the study simulated Basel IV capital ratio using historical data to create sample representative banks as if the selected banks had implemented Basel IV CAR for the period 2000 and 2018 and used actual data for existing Basel II and III CAR. Dynamic panel regression analyses, namely the System GMM and P-ARDL, were utilised. First, our results suggest that higher Basel CAR, particularly the new Basel IV, portends short-term negative impacts on bank lending while the long-term impact on bank lending is favorable. Second, the weight of non-performing loans tends to decline as banks transitioned from lower to higher Basel CAR. Lastly, this study shows that complying with Basel IV CAR will help African banks to achieve financial deepening and increase bank lending ability.
Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Fei Sijia , Feng Xinyuan , Luo Jingyi , Guo Lixin , Pan Qi
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought severe challenges to global public health. Many studies have shown that obesity plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of COVID-19. Obesity exacerbates COVID-19, leading to increased intensive care unit hospitalization rate, high demand for invasive mechanical ventilation, and high mortality. The mechanisms of interaction between obesity and COVID-19 involve inflammation, immune response, changes in pulmonary dynamics, disruptions of receptor ligands, and dysfunction of endothelial cells. Therefore, for obese patients with COVID-19, the degree of obesity and related comorbidities should be evaluated. Treatment methods such as administration of anticoagulants and anti-inflammatory drugs like glucocorticoids and airway management should be actively initiated. We should also pay attention to long-term prognosis and vaccine immunity and actively address the physical and psychological problems caused by longterm staying-at-home during the pandemic. The present study summarized the research to investigate the role of obesity in the incidence and progression of COVID-19 and the psychosocial impact and treatment options for obese patients with COVID-19, to guide the understanding and management of the disease.
Tracing Management Fashions in Selected Indices: A Descriptive Statistical Study
Authors: Tutar Hasan , Sarkhanov Teymur
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose: Although management fashions have been discussed for nearly 30 years, a certain amount of time had to pass before the discussions were based on factual data. This research mainly aims to trace management approaches in some selected international indices over nearly half a century. In this study, the basic question of how the historical course of management fashions has developed has been answered by following the development course.

Methods: The Descriptive Statistical method was preferred in the study because of its suitability to the subject’s essence, the purpose of the research, and the research question’s answer. The research was carried out based on the data collected about management trends by scanning the Web of Science and Scopus databases covering 1975-2020.

Results: Management fashions follow rapid adoption, implementation, disappointment, and abandonment. Research results; show that the lack of knowledge and awareness of management fashions poses a significant waste of time and intellectual capital. This determination is crucial, especially for young researchers and new generation managers.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that while new approaches that have tangible counterparts and can be grounded continue, approaches that do not have concrete counterparts disappear, causing a waste of time and mental effort.
Mot en ”relationell” handledningsprocess?
Authors: Rosengren Mathilda
Published: September 2022

Hur ser den ideala handledningsprocessen och handledaren av akademiska uppsatser ut? I denna korta text reflekterar jag över hur detta kan (och kanske bör) te sig i praktiken. Utifrån vetenskaplig litteratur, anekdoter från akademin och mina egna erfarenheter, föreslår jag ett anammande av ett reflexivt, relationellt förfaringssätt som har både process och produkt i åtanke. Här blir handledningen inte bara ett sätt att få studenter att uppnå de stipulerade kursläromålen utan också en viktig del av introduktionen till den akademiska sfären i stort.
Avhandlingsarbetet och forskarlivet
Authors: Lundberg Janna , Ennerberg Elin
Published: September 2022

I denna artikel diskuterar vi hur handledare kan hjälpa doktorander hantera känslor av ensamhet, övergivenhet och karriärtvivel. I artikeln tar vi avstamp i quit-lit och stay-lit för att diskutera hur en kritisk syn på akademin kan hanteras i relationen mellan handledare och doktorand. Artikeln inleds med en bakgrundsbeskrivning av akademin i förändring. Granskningskultur, prestigekamp och en alltmer pressad akademisk arbetsmarknad är några av de aspekter som tas upp. Efter bakgrunden presenteras ett teoretiskt anslag som kombinerar sociologisk socialpsykologi med högskolepedagogik. Sedan ges exempel på quit-lit och staypieces som empiriskt material till vår analys.
Long-term complications of tibial injury
Authors: Lychagin A. V. , Gritsyuk A. A. , Korytin V. S.
Published: September 2022

The OBJECTIVE of the study, based on our own experience, was to determine the frequency, structure and specificity of long-term complications after replacement of soft tissue and leg bones defects, and to develop treatment tactics.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. A retrospective study of the case of 53 patients who underwent treatment in the trauma department of the hospital for the period 2000 to 2008 was carried out. These patients had soft tissue wounds and circular defects of the tibial diaphysis because of severe open injuries of 17 (32.1 %) and gunshot wounds to the lower leg (36 (67.9 %). Patients underwent replacement of soft tissue and lower leg bones using the Ilizarov method and microsurgical reconstruction free flaps. The analysis of treatment results was carried out.

RESULTS. After the end of inpatient treatment, patients were dynamic observation carried out. 39 (73.6 %) of 53 patients sought medical help, as for various complications, the average long-term follow-up was (42.2±5.5) months. The most frequent complications were relapses of soft tissue inflammation in 13.7 % and osteomyelitis in 24.5 % of cases, non-inflammatory complications were tibia fractures (5.7 %) and pseudarthrosis (7.6 %). The analysis of treatment methods of these complications is presented.

CONCLUSION. Simultaneous replacement of extensive leg defects with a free vascularized flap and Ilizarov's distraction osteogenesis creates favorable conditions for wound healing and tibial restoration, however, in the long-term period there are complications in the form of recurrent osteomyelitis, tibia fractures and pseudarthrosis, which require specialized treatment based on a detailed analysis of the pathology and the previous treatment method.
Measures of social Support and Protection of Motherhood and Childhood in the Irkutsk Region and B-MASSR (1936-1953)
Authors: Burdina Daria Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2022

The article examines the legal framework of the USSR of the period 1936-1953, regulating the sphere of family relations, the institution of marriage, motherhood and childhood. The consistent emergence of new measures of support and protection of families in the pre-war, war and post-war period in the state is analyzed. Based on the materials of regional archives and periodicals, ideas were formed about the implementation of social support measures in the Irkutsk region and the BMASSR, the main directions of social policy and the effectiveness of their implementation on the ground were determined. The author presents an analysis of the main measures to support families with children, as well as the distinctive features of the implementation of these measures in the regional aspect. The author's special contribution to the study is the analysis of unpublished sources, including archival documents and data from local newspapers covering the problems of motherhood and childhood in the region. The scientific novelty lies in the author's use of a regional source base, which allowed him to draw conclusions about the peculiarities of the implementation of social policy in relation to the Soviet family during the period under study. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the experience of Soviet social policy has become a vivid example of how the foundation of social support measures laid down by the USSR Constitution of 1936 made it possible to create a bulwark for the further development of the country.
Fechamento de diastema interincisivos: comparativo entre tratamento restaurador e ortodôntico
Authors: Souza Fernanda Barbosa , Sousa Gabriele Andrade , Silva Juliana Souza Guedes da , Vilar Heleno Viriato de Alencar , Almeida Camila Anselmo da Silva
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Comparar as duas principais formas de tratamento de diastemas anteriores: ortodôntico e restaurador. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura fundamentada nas bases de dados do SciELO, PubMed e Lilacs, tendo como critérios de inclusão: os artigos publicados na íntegra nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol entre os anos de 2010 e 2022. Resultados: Baseando-se nos artigos encontrados as formas de tratamento discorridas são efetivas, porém é necessário que se obtenha um correto diagnóstico para que seja instituída a melhor opção para cada paciente, visando sempre a funcionalidade adequada e estética agradável. Considerações finais: Os diastemas podem causar prejuízos estéticos ao paciente, dessa forma cabe ao cirurgião-dentista diagnosticar corretamente a etiologia e identificar a melhor conduta a ser seguida no caso clínico, levando em consideração as expectativas do paciente e a sua condição financeira. Em alguns casos, o tratamento pode ser multidisciplinar, associando a ortodontia e a dentística restauradora.
Barriers and enablers for technology diffusion in ophthalmology at not-for-profit advanced eye care institute
Authors: Takkar Brijesh , Rathi Sawan , Rathi Varsha Madanlal
Published: September 2022

Managed care and insurance have penetrated ophthalmic services for patient care and continue to affect outof-pocket spending related to eye care. In such a scenario, understanding technology diffusion is crucial from the perspective of both technology developers as well care providers. Should healthcare organizations choose cheaper technologies or the ones that can be quickly diffused? In this paper, we try to answer this question by reviewing technologies used in the past 10 years across different services in ophthalmology. We generate a framework that bifurcates technologies and provides nomenclature to them based on cost and speed of diffusion. Our work, within its limitations, can provide insights into contemporary technology producers and healthcare organizations.
Piloting a training program for community health workers for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Telangana, India
Authors: Gudlavalleti Anirudh Gaurang , Malladi Bala Vidyadhar S. , Ejas Sk. , Babu Giridhara R. , Murthy G. V. S.
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in India is increasing to epic proportions with 74.2 million living with diabetes. More individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds and from rural/semi-urban backgrounds are presenting with the condition. Healthcare affordability and accessibility is often a challenge for such individuals. Hence, Accredited Social Health Activists and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives/Multipurpose Health Worker cadres of health workers in India have been entrusted with Non-Communicable Diseases portfolio. A randomized controlled trial was designed to train these health workers. The aim of the study is to pilot the training module developed for the RCT trial and revise the same according to the feedback received.

Materials and Methods:

Ethical clearance and trial registration were obtained from IIPHH and CTRI respectively. The pilot was conducted at a neutral venue with ASHA and ANM/MPHA cadres using a tool for feedback for each of the training sections.

Results:

All the participants found the module useful. Certain modifications were suggested and the same were incorporated into the final training module.

Conclusion:

The training module was successfully validated.
PARP inhibitors in metastatic prostate cancer: When, who, and how?
Authors: Pandey Praful , Sahoo Ranjit Kumar
Published: September 2022

Carcinoma prostate is among the most common cancers worldwide and is mainly treated in metastatic settings through androgen blockade or chemotherapy. Homologous repair deficiency is fairly common (germline and somatic) and allows targeted therapy through poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARP) inhibitors. While data backing monotherapy is strong, recent evidence seems to support frontline combination therapy as well. Genetic testing of prostate cancer patients also needs personalization. Pre-clinical and early clinical data have provided insights into mechanisms and management of therapy resistance as well. This narrative review deals with the optimal patient selection and the evidence behind PARP inhibitor therapy in cases of metastatic carcinoma prostate.
Myeloid neoplasms on poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Pandey Praful , Sahoo Ranjit Kumar
Published: September 2022

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) therapy is progressively accruing more indications. Given their overall survival benefit in many solid organ tumors, they are here to stay. However, an emerging concern is the risk of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia. A recent meta-analysis has reported a higher risk of myeloid neoplasms while on PARPi therapy. These patients tend to have underlying tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutated clonal hematopoiesis and have complex karyotypes with poor outcomes. Underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment are currently unknown. In this narrative review, we detail the current evidence available on this entity and compare it with the underlying knowledge of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms.
Cervical spine arachnoid cyst complicated by spontaneous intracystic hemorrhage: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mastantuoni Ciro , Pizzuti Valentina , Ricciardi Francesco , D’Elia Alessandro , Leonetti Settimio , Colonnese Claudio , Innocenzi Gualtiero
Published: September 2022

Background:

Spinal intradural extramedullary arachnoid cysts represent about 1–3% of all primary spinal space-occupying lesions often causing spinal cord and/or radicular nerve compression. Spontaneous intralesional hemorrhages are extremely rare and are typically found within intracranial arachnoid cysts. Here, a 55-year-old female presented with a spontaneous hemorrhage into a cervical spine arachnoid cyst warranting surgical intervention (i.e., fenestration/excision/occlusion).

Case Description:

A 55-year-old female presented with 3 weeks of dull pain in the cervicothoracic region. She subsequently developed paresthesias and progressive lower extremity weakness with (urinary incontinence. The cervical magnetic resonance revealed a right anterolateral intradural extramedullary “cystic” lesion extending from C7 to T2; it contained a heterogeneous signalon T2W sequences, and a fluid-fluid level was documented on the T2-GRE and FLAIR sequences. At surgery, consisting of a laminectomy, two hemorrhagic cystic lesions were identified and removed. Histological findings were consistent with hemorrhagic into an arachnoid cyst.

Conclusion:

Only rarely hemorrhages develop in intraspinal intradural extramedullary spinal arachnoid cysts.
Bacterial meningitis caused by nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with aqueductal stenosis: A case report
Authors: Kotani Saki , Takahashi Yoshinobu , Morisako Tamaki , Yamanaka Takumi , Hashimoito Naoya
Published: September 2022

Background:

Nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea associated with aqueductal stenosis is rare. The resulting CSF leakage may cause bacterial meningitis, and appropriately timed surgical treatment should be considered.

Case Description:

A 28-year-old woman with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis presented with intermittent nasal discharge. CSF rhinorrhea was suspected, but she refused surgery. During the course of conservative treatment, she developed meningitis. Exacerbation of hydrocephalus and CSF rhinorrhea was suspected, and the patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy after recovery from meningitis. Postoperatively, ventricular size decreased and CSF leakage completely resolved. There was no recurrence of hydrocephalus or rhinorrhea.

Conclusion:

Patients with intermittent CSF rhinorrhea due to exacerbation of hydrocephalus are at high risk for bacterial meningitis. Appropriately timed surgical treatment results in a favorable outcome.
Mature teratoma of the cisterna magna in an adult patient
Authors: Jafri Syeda Kubra Kishwar , Hussain Nasr , Bari Muhammad Ehsan
Published: September 2022

Background:

Teratomas are a rare subgroup of CNS germ cell tumors and are histologically classified into mature teratomas, immature teratomas, and teratomas with malignant transformation. CNS teratomas are infrequently found in the posterior fossa and pure mature teratomas of posterior fossa are rare especially in adults. We present a case of a young adult female with a mature teratoma in the cisterna magna.

Case Description:

A 26-year-old female presented to the neurosurgery clinic with headache, nausea and vomiting for the past 1 year. She was found to have dysdiadochokinesia on neurological examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a-well defined lesion, hyperintense on T1 and hypointense on T2-weighted sequences located within the cisterna magna. She underwent a suboccipital craniotomy with resection of lesion. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma.

Conclusion:

Mature teratomas located in the posterior fossa among adults are rare in the literature. We report the second case of mature teratoma in the cisterna magna of an adult patient.
Capturing Molecular Interactions in Graph Neural Networks: A Case Study in Multi-Component Phase Equilibrium
Authors: Qin Shiyi , Jiang Shengli , Li Jianping , Balaprakash Prasanna , Van Lehn Reid , Zavala Victor
Published: September 2022

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used for predicting molecular properties, especially for single molecules. However, when treating multi-component systems, GNNs have mostly used simple data representations (concatenation, averaging, or self-attention on features of individual components) that might fail to capture molecular interactions and potentially limit prediction accuracy. In this work, we propose a GNN architecture that captures molecular interactions in an explicit manner by combining atomic-level (local) graph convolution and molecular-level (global) message passing through a molecular interaction network. We tested the architecture (which we call SolvGNN) on a comprehensive phase equilibrium case study that aims to predict activity coefficients for a wide range of binary and ternary mixtures; we built this large dataset using the COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvation (COSMO-RS). We show that SolvGNN can predict composition-dependent activity coefficients with high accuracy and show that it outperforms a previously developed GNN used for predicting only infinite-dilution activity coefficients. We performed counterfactual analysis on the SolvGNN model that allowed us to explore the impact of functional groups and composition on equilibrium behavior. We also used the SolvGNN model for the development of a computational framework that automatically creates phase diagrams for a diverse set of complex mixtures. All scripts needed to reproduce the results are shared as open-source code.
Polymer Relaxation Time Enhancement at Temperatures above Glass Transition Temperatures Predicted by Idealized Mode-Coupling Theory
Authors: Ishikawa Mitsuru , Matsumoto Keita , Yamazaki Tomoya , Fukase Risa , Ichikawa Yutaka , Uwada Takayuki
Published: September 2022

The mode-coupling theory of glass transition predicts the relaxation time divergence of glass-forming materials at the crossover temperature, which is approximately 1.2 times the calorimetric glass transition temperature. However, this divergence has not been experimentally observed. This is known as the most serious drawback of the mode-coupling theory. The use of viscosity-sensitive single molecule fluorescence probes enables the detection of the poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(ethyl methacrylate) relaxation time enhancement around the crossover temperature, thereby supporting the prediction by the mode-coupling theory.
Machine-Learning Driven Global Optimization of Surface Adsorbate Geometries
Authors: Jung Hyunwook , Sauerland Lena , Stocker Sina , Reuter Karsten , Margraf Johannes T.
Published: September 2022

The adsorption energies of molecular adsorbates on catalyst surfaces are key descriptors in computational catalysis research. For the relatively large reaction intermediates frequently encountered, e.g., in syngas conversion, a multitude of possible binding motifs leads to complex potential energy surfaces (PES), however. This implies that finding the optimal structure is a difficult global optimization problem, which leads to significant uncertainty about the stability of many intermediates. To tackle this issue, we present a global optimization protocol for surface adsorbate geometries which trains a surrogate machine learning potential on-the-fly. The approach is applicable to arbitrary surface models and adsorbates and minimizes both human intervention and the number of required DFT calculations by iteratively updating the training set with configurations explored by the algorithm. We demonstrate the efficiency of this approach for a diverse set of adsorbates on the Rh(111) and (211) surfaces.
A review on application of MANET-IoT
Authors: S. Jeba Shiny
Published: September 2022

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) will be very important for the Internet of Things (IoT). MANET is a decentralized selforganizing wireless network. Every device in MANET is completely free and can move in any direction. The interaction of the Internet of Things with wireless sensors and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks allows for the development of a new MANET-IoT framework. Innovative MANET-IoT systems are created through the interaction between Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the IoT, which creates numerous design difficulties. Several application domains use MANET-based IoT systems. These systems increase user mobility while reducing costs. At the same time, new complex problems are emerging in the area of networking. This paper analyzes the literature on various MANET-IoT applications using wireless sensor networks (WSNs).