bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen Inhibition of Estrogen Receptor-α–Negative Mouse Mammary Tumorigenesis
Authors: Medina Daniel , Kittrell Frances S. , Hill Jamal , Shepard Anne , Thordarson Gudmundur , Brown Powel
Published: July 2017

Tamoxifen reduces the relative risk of breast cancer developing from specific premalignant lesions. Many breast cancers that arise after tamoxifen treatment are estrogen receptor-α (ER-α)–negative, although premalignant lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasia are highly ER-α–positive. The p53 null mouse mammary epithelial transplant model is characterized by ER-α–positive premalignant lesions that give rise to both ER-α–positive and ER-α–negative tumors. Given this progression from ER-α–positive to ER-α–negative lesions, we tested the ability of tamoxifen to block or delay mammary tumorigenesis in several versions of this model. In groups 1 and 2, p53 null normal mammary epithelial transplants were maintained in virgin mice. In groups 3 to 5, the p53 null and mammary transplants were maintained in mice continuously exposed to high levels of progesterone. In groups 6 and 7, transplants of the premalignant outgrowth line PN8a were maintained in virgin mice. Tamoxifen blocked estrogen signaling in these mice as evidenced by decreases in progesterone-induced lateral branching and epithelial proliferation in the mammary epithelium. Tamoxifen did not alter the elevated levels of progesterone in the blood while significantly reducing the circulating level of prolactin. Tamoxifen reduced tumor incidence in p53 null normal mammary epithelial transplants maintained in virgin mice from 55% to 5% and in progesterone-stimulated mice from 81% to 21%. The majority of the resultant tumors were ER-α–negative. Tamoxifen also significantly delayed tumorigenesis in the ER-α–positive high premalignant line PN8a from 100% to 75%. These results show that tamoxifen delays the emergence of ER-α–negative tumors if given early in premalignant progression.
Wilms Tumor NCAM-Expressing Cancer Stem Cells as Potential Therapeutic Target for Polymeric Nanomedicine
Authors: Markovsky Ela , Vax Einav , Ben-Shushan Dikla , Eldar-Boock Anat , Shukrun Rachel , Yeini Eilam , Barshack Iris , Caspi Revital , Harari-Steinberg Orit , Pode-Shakked Naomi , Dekel Benjamin , Satchi-Fainaro Ronit
Published: July 2017

Cancer stem cells (CSC) form a specific population within the tumor that has been shown to have self-renewal and differentiation properties, increased ability to migrate and form metastases, and increased resistance to chemotherapy. Consequently, even a small number of cells remaining after therapy can repopulate the tumor and cause recurrence of the disease. CSCs in Wilms tumor, a pediatric renal cancer, were previously shown to be characterized by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression. Therefore, NCAM provides a specific biomarker through which the CSC population in this tumor can be targeted. We have recently developed an NCAM-targeted nanosized conjugate of paclitaxel bound to a biodegradable polyglutamic acid polymer. In this work, we examined the ability of the conjugate to inhibit Wilms tumor by targeting the NCAM-expressing CSCs. Results show that the conjugate selectively depleted the CSC population of the tumors and effectively inhibited tumor growth without causing toxicity. We propose that the NCAM-targeted conjugate could be an effective therapeutic for Wilms tumor. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2462–72. ©2017 AACR.
O MUNDO NOS TEXTOS LITERÁRIOS: RELEITURAS DA INTERPRETAÇÃO E POSSIBILIDADES EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Diniz Ligia Gonçalves
Published: July 2017

O artigo traça uma ponte entre os pensamentos de três autores contemporâneos, Luiz Costa Lima, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht e Paul Ricoeur, para repensar a imposição de interpretações – ou da necessidade de interpretação, no caso de Gumbrecht – na abordagem da leitura literária na escola, em especial no ensino médio, onde essas imposições se fazem mais presentes. Para tanto, parte-se de suas obras para estabelecer o caminho histórico da relação entre obra literária e atribuição de sentido, assim como do conceito da mimesis artistótelica e de sua leitura renascentista, sempre com foco nas novas possibilidades no que diz respeito à busca de uma experiência literária mais completa para a formação de novos leitores.
DOSSIÊ: LITERATURA E MEMÓRIA: A ESCRITA DO TRAUMA HISTÓRICO
Authors: Hossne Andrea Saad , Pacheco Ana Paula Sá e Souza
Published: July 2017

Apresentação do dossiê "Literatura e Memória: a escrita do trauma histórico", elaborado para a edição de nº 23 da Revista Literatura e Sociedado do DTLLC/FFLCH/USP.
A EDUCAÇÃO PELO DESAFETO
Authors: Pinheiro Tiago Guilherme
Published: July 2017

Este artigo busca compreender, a partir da obra de Martín Kohan, a relação que se estabelece entre gramática, literatura e violência, através de uma demanda afetiva contínua – que poderíamos chamar de “pedagógica” – por essas práticas. Com isso, pretendemos retraçar certas imagens da história desse vínculo na América Latina, para então compreender eventos recentes envolvendo a política do ensino neste continente.
DULCE PATRIA, UN POEMARIO SOBRE LA DICTADURA CHILENA
Authors: Gutiérrez Horacio
Published: July 2017

As ditaduras do Cone Sul originaram numerosos textos literários que narram a violência ocorrida, querendo servir também de testemunhos. No presente texto apresentamos o poemário Dulce patria, de nossa autoria, publicado em 2012, e que, recriando vozes de diversos grupos sociais, relata a história da ditadura chilena. A violência atravessou o mundo político, o econômico, as relações de trabalho e a cultura, mas manifestou-se também em outros campos, como nos vínculos familiares e o exílio. Interessa no presente texto comentar principalmente as estratégias narrativas utilizadas na confecção do poemário.
LÍRICA E SUBJETIVIDADE: QUAL O PROBLEMA DO POETA?
Authors: Andrade Abrahão Costa
Published: July 2017

O presente ensaio, articulando as relações entre subjetividade e lírica, busca repensar a concepção de “sujeito” por meio de uma dialética na qual o sujeito não se deixa identificar imediatamente com a pessoa individual, mas, ao contrário, como o cadinho de mediações sociais, cuja ausência de amor, detectada pela análise de poemas de Safo, Baudelaire e Drummond, aponta para o caráter estruturalmente doentio daquelas mediações que atravessam e, agora sim, constituem o sujeito individual.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Martins Eduardo Vieira , Otusuka Edu Teruki , Silva Anderson Gonçalves da
Published: July 2017

Editorial apresentado para a edição de nº 23 da Revista Literatura e Sociedade, uma publicação do DTLLC/FFLCH/USP.
Sema3F (Semaphorin 3F) Selectively Drives an Extraembryonic Proangiogenic Program
Authors: Regano Donatella , Visintin Alessia , Clapero Fabiana , Bussolino Federico , Valdembri Donatella , Maione Federica , Serini Guido , Giraudo Enrico
Published: July 2017

Objective—

Molecular pathways governing blood vessel patterning are vital to vertebrate development. Because of their ability to counteract proangiogenic factors, antiangiogenic secreted Sema3 (class 3 semaphorins) control embryonic vascular morphogenesis. However, if and how Sema3 may play a role in the control of extraembryonic vascular development is presently unknown.

Approach and Results—

By characterizing genetically modified mice, here, we show that surprisingly Sema3F acts instead as a selective extraembryonic, but not intraembryonic proangiogenic cue. Both in vivo and in vitro, in visceral yolk sac epithelial cells, Sema3F signals to inhibit the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of Myc, a transcription factor that drives the expression of proangiogenic genes, such as the microRNA cluster 17/92. In
Sema3f
-null yolk sacs, the transcription of Myc-regulated microRNA 17/92 cluster members is impaired, and the synthesis of Myc and microRNA 17/92 foremost antiangiogenic target Thbs1 (thrombospondin 1) is increased, whereas Vegf (vascular endothelial growth factor) signaling is inhibited in yolk sac endothelial cells. Consistently, exogenous recombinant Sema3F inhibits the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of Myc and the synthesis of Thbs1 in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells that were in vitro differentiated in visceral yolk sac epithelial cells.
Sema3f
−/−
mice placentas are also highly anemic and abnormally vascularized.

Conclusions—

Sema3F functions as an unconventional Sema3 that promotes extraembryonic angiogenesis by inhibiting the Myc-regulated synthesis of Thbs1 in visceral yolk sac epithelial cells.
TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-β) Signaling Protects the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta From Angiotensin II-Induced Pathology by Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Angelov Stoyan N. , Hu Jie Hong , Wei Hao , Airhart Nathan , Shi Minghui , Dichek David A.
Published: July 2017

Objective—

The role of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is controversial. Others reported that systemic blockade of TGF-β by neutralizing antibodies accelerated AAA development in angiotensin II-infused mice. This result is consistent with other studies suggesting that TGF-β signaling prevents AAA. Development of a therapy for AAA that exploits the protective actions of TGF-β would be facilitated by identification of the mechanisms through which TGF-β prevents AAA. We hypothesized that TGF-β signaling prevents AAA by its actions on aortic medial smooth muscle cells.

Approach and Results—

We compared the prevalence, severity, and histopathology of angiotensin II-induced AAA among control mice (no TGF-β blockade), mice with antibody-mediated systemic neutralization of TGF-β, and mice with genetically based smooth muscle–specific loss of TGF-β signaling. Surprisingly, we found that systemic—but not smooth muscle–specific—TGF-β blockade significantly increased the prevalence of AAA and tended to increase AAA severity, adventitial thickening, and aortic wall macrophage accumulation. In contrast, abdominal aortas of mice with smooth muscle–specific loss of TGF-β signaling differed from controls only in having a thinner media. We examined thoracic aortas of the same mice. Here we found that smooth muscle–specific loss of
Tgfbr2
—but not systemic TGF-β neutralization—significantly accelerated development of aortic pathology, including increased prevalence of intramural hematomas, medial thinning, and adventitial thickening.

Conclusion—

Our results suggest that TGF-β signaling prevents both abdominal and thoracic aneurysmal disease but does so by distinct mechanisms. Smooth muscle extrinsic signaling protects the abdominal aorta and smooth muscle intrinsic signaling protects the thoracic aorta.
BRG1 (Brahma-Related Gene 1) Promotes Endothelial
Mrtf
Transcription to Establish Embryonic Capillary Integrity
Authors: Menendez Matthew T. , Ong E-Ching , Shepherd Brian T. , Muthukumar Vijay , Silasi-Mansat Robert , Lupu Florea , Griffin Courtney T.
Published: July 2017

Objective—

The chromatin remodeling enzyme BRG1 (brahma-related gene 1) transcriptionally regulates target genes important for early blood vessel development and primitive hematopoiesis. However, because
Brg1
deletion in vascular progenitor cells results in lethal anemia by embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), roles for BRG1 in embryonic vascular development after midgestation are unknown. In this study, we sought to determine whether endothelial cell BRG1 regulates genes important for vascular development or maintenance later in embryonic development.

Approach and Results—

Using mice with temporally inducible deletion of endothelial BRG1 (
Brg1

fl/fl

;Cdh5(PAC)-Cre

ERT2

), we found that
Brg1
excision between E9.5 and 11.5 results in capillary dilation and lethal hemorrhage by E14.5. This phenotype strongly resembles that seen when the SRF (serum response factor) transcription factor is deleted from embryonic endothelial cells. Although expression of
Srf
and several of its known endothelial cell target genes are downregulated in BRG1-depleted endothelial cells, we did not detect binding of BRG1 at these gene promoters, indicating that they are not direct BRG1 target genes. Instead, we found that BRG1 binds to the promoters of the SRF cofactors
Mrtfa
and
Mrtfb
(myocardin-related transcription factors A and B) in endothelial cells, and these genes are downregulated in
Brg1
-deficient endothelial cells.

Conclusions—

BRG1 promotes transcription of endothelial
Mrtfa
and
Mrtfb
, which elevates expression of SRF and SRF target genes that establish embryonic capillary integrity. These data highlight a new and temporally specific role for BRG1 in embryonic vasculature and provide novel information about epigenetic regulation of
Mrtf
expression and SRF signaling in developing blood vessels.
Continuous-Flow LVAD Support Causes a Distinct Form of Intestinal Angiodysplasia
Authors: Kang Jooeun , Hennessy-Strahs Samson , Kwiatkowski Pawel , Bermudez Christian A. , Acker Michael A. , Atluri Pavan , McConnell Patrick I. , Bartoli Carlo R.
Published: July 2017

Rationale:

The objective of this autopsy study was to determine whether gastrointestinal angiodysplasia develops during continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support.

Objective:

LVAD support causes pathologic degradation of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia at an alarming rate. It has been speculated that LVAD support itself may cause angiodysplasia. The relationship to abnormal vWF metabolism is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal gastrointestinal vascularity develops during continuous-flow LVAD support.

Methods and Results:

Small bowel was obtained from deceased humans, cows, and sheep supported with a continuous-flow LVAD (n=9 LVAD, n=11 control). Transmural sections of jejunum were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated isolectin-B4 for endothelium to demarcate vascular structures and quantify intestinal vascularity. Paired plasma samples were obtained from humans before LVAD implantation and during LVAD support (n=41). vWF multimers and degradation fragments were quantified with agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Abnormal vascular architecture was observed in the submucosa of the jejunum of human patients, cows, and sheep supported with a continuous-flow LVAD. Intestinal vascularity was significantly higher after LVAD support versus controls (5.2±1.0% versus 2.1±0.4%,
P
=0.004). LVAD support caused significant degradation of high–molecular-weight vWF multimers (–9±1%,
P
<0.0001) and accumulation of low–molecular-weight vWF multimers (+40±5%,
P
<0.0001) and vWF degradation fragments (+53±6%,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:

Abnormal intestinal vascular architecture and LVAD-associated vWF degradation were consistent findings in multiple species supported with a continuous-flow LVAD. These are the first direct evidence that LVAD support causes gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. Pathologic vWF metabolism may be a mechanistic link between LVAD support, abnormal angiogenesis, gastrointestinal angiodysplasia, and bleeding.
Comparison of Anatomic and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Alternative Initial Noninvasive Testing Strategies for the Diagnosis of Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Roifman Idan , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Austin Peter C. , Rezai Mohammad R. , Wright Graham A. , Tu Jack V.
Published: July 2017

Background

The optimal initial noninvasive diagnostic testing strategy for stable coronary artery disease (
CAD
) is unknown. Although American guidelines recommend an exercise stress test as the first‐line test, European guidelines suggest that stress imaging (myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography) or coronary computed tomography angiography may be preferable. Understanding the relationship between the initial strategy and downstream yield of obstructive
CAD
and major adverse cardiac events may provide insight as to the optimal strategy.

Methods and Results

We conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study of adults in Ontario, Canada, using health administrative and clinical data. The relationship between the initial testing strategy and obstructive
CAD
on invasive angiography was examined. Patients were then followed from their angiogram onward to determine whether they developed a composite end point of
major adverse cardiac events
. After adjusting for covariates, patients with initial
myocardial perfusion imaging
(odds ratio: 0.92; 95%
confidence interval,
0.85, 1.00),
coronary computed tomography angiography
(
odds ratio:
1.51; 95%
confidence interval,
0.91, 2.49), or stress echo (
odds ratio:
0.95; 95%
confidence interval,
0.84, 1.08) did not a have significantly different yield of obstructive
CAD
compared with those with an initial
exercise stress test
. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in downstream
major adverse cardiac events
after invasive angiography among the 4 initial testing strategies after adjusting for clinically relevant covariates.

Conclusions

Our study found no evidence to suggest significant differences in either yield of obstructive
CAD
or downstream
major adverse cardiac events
in patients undergoing an initial noninvasive testing strategy with stress or anatomical imaging compared with those undergoing an initial
exercise stress test
.
Long‐Term Stroke Risk Prediction in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Comparison of the ABC‐Stroke and CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc Scores
Authors: Rivera‐Caravaca José Miguel , Roldán Vanessa , Esteve‐Pastor María Asunción , Valdés Mariano , Vicente Vicente , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Marín Francisco
Published: July 2017

Background

The
ABC
‐stroke score (age, biomarkers [N‐terminal fragment B‐type natriuretic peptide, high‐sensitivity troponin], and clinical history [prior stroke/transient ischemic attack]) was proposed to predict stroke in atrial fibrillation (
AF
). This score was derived/validated in 2 clinical trial cohorts in which patients with AF were highly selected and carefully followed‐up. However, the median follow‐up was 1.9 years in the trial cohort; therefore, its long‐term predictive performance remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the long‐term predictive performances of the
ABC
‐stroke and
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c (cardiac failure or dysfunction, hypertension, age ≥75 [doubled], diabetes mellitus, stroke [doubled]—vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years and sex category [female]) scores in a cohort of anticoagulated patients with AF.

Methods and Results

We recruited 1125 consecutive patients with AF who were stable on vitamin K antagonists and followed‐up for a median of 6.5 years.
ABC
‐stroke and
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c (cardiac failure or dysfunction, hypertension, age ≥75 [doubled], diabetes mellitus, stroke [doubled]—vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years and sex category [female]) scores were calculated and compared. Median
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c and
ABC
‐stroke scores were 4 (interquartile range 3–5) and 9.1 (interquartile range 7.3–11.3), respectively. There were 114 ischemic strokes (1.55% per year) at 6.5 years. The C‐index of
ABC
‐stroke at 3.5 years was significantly higher than
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c (0.663 versus 0.600,
P
=0.046), but both C‐indexes were nonsignificantly different at 6.5 years. Integrated discrimination improvement showed a small improvement (<2%) in sensitivity at 3.5 and 6.5 years with
ABC
‐stroke. For
ABC
‐stroke, net reclassification improvement was nonsignificantly different at 3.5 years, and showed a negative reclassification at 6.5 years compared with
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c. Decision curve analyses did not show a marked improvement in clinical usefulness of the
ABC
‐stroke score over the
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c score.

Conclusions

In anticoagulated patients with AF followed‐up over a long‐term period, the novel
ABC
‐stroke score does not offer significantly better predictive performance compared with the
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c score.
Reparations after Conflict Related Sexual Violence
Authors: Freizer Sabine
Published: July 2017

This article focusses on the experience of providing reparation for survivors of conflict related violence in the Western Balkans after the 1990s conflicts. While there has been an increase in awareness of sexual violence as a war crime over the past two decades, the long-term effects of the crimes are still being felt by victims and their families. The article describes many of the challenges to implementing comprehensive reparation programs, including the limitations of judicial remedies, and the need to develop administrative remedies that are truly transformative and empower women to support sustainable peacebuilding. Reparation successes and failings in the Western Balkans may provide valuable lessons for other conflict and post conflict settings.
Brexit and the Future of European Security and Defence Cooperation
Authors: Wiersma Jan Marinus
Published: July 2017

The main topic of this article is the impact of Brexit on eu’s cooperation on security and defence. The British government has indicated that the uk as an important international actor wants to maintain a leading role promoting European security. nato remains in the uk perspective the most important forum for that. But since the Euro Atlantic organisation does not cover all aspects of European security, new forms of cooperation between the eu and Britain after Brexit have to be explored since both share the same ideas about a rules based international order and have common interests in maintaining security on the continent.
Some Challenges of the State- and Peace-Building Governance Mechanisms
Authors: Rrustemi Arlinda
Published: July 2017

It is imperative to understand global developments in statebuilding in order to more efficiently influence peace and conflict processes. This article discusses the evolution of global governance mechanisms on state- and peace-building that can assist researchers and practitioners in gaining an in depth understanding of different case studies. It uncovers some limitations and benefits of the global governance mechanisms assisting fragile zones. It concludes that institutions attempt to increase performance, as seen with the regular establishment of new deals and the deployment of new actors on the ground, however challenges remain, as illustrated in the case of Kosovo, in relation to lack of legitimacy, mismatch of national identity needs, economic inequality gap and fragile security and inter-ethnic relations. Instead, it argues to use the resources on the ground rather than devise new missions to deal with peacebuilding challenges.
The Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648)
Authors: Haude Sigrun
Published: July 2017

The Thirty Years’ War led to enormous devastation, but it also induced widespread movement and led to encounters of people with different faiths and mindsets. Accounts of members of religious orders in Bavaria note not only brutality but also curiosity and exchange of knowledge in these meetings of people from diverse countries and cultures. Their stories attest that, in some cases, religious stereotypes could recede and provide space for new ways of seeing and knowing.
Experiencing the World as a Self-Taught Man (Die Welterfahrung des Autodidakten)
Authors: Bulang Tobias
Published: July 2017

Leonhard Thurneysser zum Thurn (1531–1596), personal physician of Brandenburg’s elector, was an alchemist, astrologist, pharmacist, entrepreneur, and printer of a large number of books, which he himself wrote. In these publications, he repeatedly refers to experiences he gained by traveling the world. His books also included many foreign alphabets and languages (via remarkable typography), thus insinuating an overall language proficiency. This study examines how Thurneysser used travel and languages for self-fashioning.
The Traffic in Knowledge in the Winter Nights of Antonio de Eslava, Matthäus Drummer von Pabenpach, and Johann Beer
Authors: Tatlock Lynne
Published: July 2017

This essay examines the ways in which three related works set and thematize knowledge in motion: Antonio de Eslava’s Spanish original, Noches de Invierno (1609); Matthäus Drummer von Pabenpach’s German translation thereof (1649); and Johann Beer’s Teutsche Winternächte (1682). It interrogates the material book as a vehicle of knowledge transfer and text – in the form of storytelling, conversation, and autobiography – as a means of producing, circulating, and cementing received and new knowledge. Finally, it reveals the role of gender in knowledge creation and sharing.
Women’s Religious Actions in the German Sectors of the Early Modern World
Authors: Wiesner-Hanks Merry E.
Published: July 2017

Germans were active in constructing transcultural experiences on a global scale – for better or worse – from Martin Waldseemüller’s 1507 map on. Most of those who have been studied were men, but women traveled and migrated as well, and they supported those who did financially, institutionally, and emotionally. Their movements and actions have left fewer and more shadowy records than those of men, but a more gender-balanced account of global connections in the early modern period is emerging. This essay examines three ways in which German women’s actions shaped the early modern world in the realm of religion: women’s establishment of religious communities, women’s patronage of overseas missions, and women’s proselytizing, particularly that undertaken by Moravians. All of these built on networks and traditions established in Europe, but ones that already reached across political boundaries in the splintered world of the Holy Roman Empire, or beyond it to co-religionists in Prague, Paris, or Copenhagen.
From the Harz Mountains to the Atlantic and Back Again
Authors: Meyer Matthias
Published: July 2017

Abtract

This essay concerns the newspaper Stolbergische Sammlung neuer und merckwürdiger Weltgeschichte (1735, 1736, 1738), as published by Schnabel, as well as the novel Insel Felsenburg. It focuses on the relation between the production of knowledge and narration. Schnabel’s methods as a newspaper editor are compared with contemporary usage as well as with his narrative technique as a novelist. It is significant how Schnabel makes use of narrative strategies not only in the small news items in the category “Sonderbare [Weltgeschichte]” but also in order to create a coherent narrative in the political sections of his newspaper, spanning longer periods of time.
A new species of the catfish genus Cordylancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Magdalena River, Tolima, Colombia
Authors: PROVENZANO FRANCISCO R. , VILLA-NAVARRO FRANCISCO A.
Published: July 2017

A new species of catfish is described from Colombia, and provisionally assigned to the genus Cordylancistrus. The new species is most similar to C. perijae and C. nephelion from Venezuela. The description is based on ten specimens collected from tributaries of the Magdalena River which drain the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central and the western slope of Cordillera Oriental, in the Department of Tolima. The new species is the first Cordylancistrus described from the Magdalena River basin. With this discovery, the number of Cordylancistrus species in Colombia increases to three. The geographic distribution of the species suggest that Andean orogenesis played an important role in the diversification of the group.
Auchenorrhyncha types (Hemiptera) deposited in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum
Authors: MOZAFFARIAN FARIBA
Published: July 2017

A list of type material of Auchenorrhyncha deposited in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum is provided including the latest accepted names, full citation, collecting data and the type status of the specimens. A total of 66 type species and 1 subspecies (15 Holotypes, 2 Allotypes and 63 Paratypes) are listed which consist of 278 specimens (15 Holotypes, 2 Allotypes and 261 Paratypes). Three of the species names were later considered as junior synonyms of previously published species, 7 species are considered in new combinations currently and 2 of them were actually never described.
Neotype designation of Aphanius iconii, first reviser action to stabilise the usage of A. fontinalis and A. meridionalis and comments on the family group names of fishes placed in Cyprinodontidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)
Authors: FREYHOF JÖRG , ÖZULUĞ MÜFİT , SAÇ GÜLŞAH
Published: July 2017

As First Revisers, we give priority to Aphanius fontinalis over A. altus and A. litoralis and to A. meridionalis over A. parvus. A neotype is designated from Lake Eğirdir for Aphanius iconii. Family groups in the deeply polyphyletic fish family Cyprinodontidae are discussed. Aphaniidae, Cubanichthyidae and Orestiidae are proposed as distinct families, restricting the family Cyprinodontidae to the New World genera Cualac, Cyprinodon, Floridichthys, Jordanella and Megupsilon.
A new species of genus Parhyale Stebbing, 1897 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalidae) from Gujarat State, India
Authors: MYERS ALAN A. , TRIVEDI JIGNESHKUMAR N. , GOSAVI SWAPNIL , VACHHRAJANI KAURESH D.
Published: July 2017

A new species of amphipod, Parhyale piloi sp. nov., is described from India. The taxon is fully described and figured and is compared with known species with which it could be confused.
A Transbasin Mode of Interannual Variability of the Central American Gap Winds: Seasonality and Large-Scale Forcing
Authors: Yang Jun-Chao , Lin Xiaopei , Xie Shang-Ping
Published: July 2017

A transbasin mode (TBM) is identified as the leading mode of interannual surface wind variability over the Intra-Americas Seas across Central America based on empirical orthogonal function analysis. The TBM is associated with variability in Central American gap winds, most closely with the Papagayo jet but with considerable signals over the Gulfs of Tehuantepec and Panama. Although El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main large-scale forcing, the TBM features a distinct seasonality due to sea level pressure (SLP) adjustments across the Pacific and Atlantic. During July–September, ENSO causes meridional SLP gradient anomalies across Central America, intensifying anomalous geostrophic winds funneling through Papagayo to form the TBM. During wintertime, ENSO peaks but imparts little anomalous SLP gradient across Central America with a weak projection on the TBM because of the competing effects of the Pacific–North American teleconnection and tropospheric Kelvin waves. Besides ENSO, tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies make a weak contribution to the TBM in boreal summer by strengthening the cross-basin gradient. ENSO and the Atlantic forcing constitute a cross-basin seesaw pattern in SLP, manifested as an anomalous Walker circulation across the tropical Americas. The TBM appears to be part of the low-level branch of the anomalous Walker circulation, which modulates Central American wind jets by orographic effect. This study highlights the seasonality of gap wind variability, and calls for further research into its influence on regional climate.
Western Dietary Pattern Is Associated With Severe Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Oikonomou Evangelos , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Siasos Gerasimos , Kokkou Eleni , Antonopoulos Alexios , Vogiatzi Georgia , Tsalamandris Sotirios , Gennimata Vassiliki , Papanikolaou Aggelos , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: July 2017

The independent predictive value of an unhealthy diet on the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) requires further investigation. We assessed the impact of dietary pattern on CAD severity. In this cohort study, we included 188 symptomatic stable patients with CAD. Patients were categorized as having severe CAD or nonsevere CAD by coronary angiography. Among several demographics and clinical characteristics, all patients were tested using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Concerning baseline demographic characteristics, there was no difference between patients with severe CAD and nonsevere CAD. Principal component analysis revealed 8 distinct dietary patterns. The first component Western dietary pattern (increased intake of fat, red meat, and carbohydrates and minimal consumption of fruits and green leafy vegetables) was predictive of severe CAD (area under the curve: 0.73, 95% confidence intervals: 0.64-0.83, P < .001). In conclusion, an unhealthy Western type of diet is associated with the severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with stable CAD. These findings highlight the role of dietary patterns when estimating cardiovascular risk for the management of patients with CAD.
Spectral Behavior of White Pigment Mixtures Using Reflectance, Ultraviolet—Fluorescence Spectroscopy, and Multispectral Imaging
Authors: Pronti Lucilla , Felici Anna Candida , Ménager Matthieu , Vieillescazes Cathy , Piacentini Mario
Published: July 2017

Reflectance spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV)—fluorescence spectroscopy, and multispectral imaging have been widely employed for pigment identification on paintings. From ancient times to the present, lead white, zinc white, and titanium white have been the most important white pigments used for paintings and they are used as pigment markers for dating a work of art. The spectral behavior of these pigments is reported in several scientific papers and websites, but those of their mixtures are quite unknown. We present a combined nondestructive approach for identifying mixtures of lead white, zinc white, and titanium white as powder and dispersed in two different binder media (egg yolk and linseed oil) by using reflectance spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, multispectral reflectance and UV-fluorescence imaging. We propose a novel approach for mapping the presence of white pigments in paintings by false color images obtained from multispectral reflectance and UV-fluorescence images. We found that the presence of lead white mixed with either zinc white or titanium white is highly detectable. Zinc white mixed with lead white or titanium white can be identified due to its UV-fluorescence emission, whereas titanium white in association with lead white or zinc white is distinguishable by its reflectance spectral features. In most cases, the UV-fluorescence analyses also permit the recognition of the binder media in which the pigments are dispersed.
Intervention and management of developmental coordination disorder: Are we providing evidence-based services?
Authors: Withers Renée , Tsang Yoyo , Zwicker Jill G.
Published: July 2017

Background.

Occupational therapists are well positioned to provide intervention to improve outcomes for children with developmental coordination disorder. However, little is known about what occupational therapy services are provided for these children.

Purpose.

As part of a larger study exploring service provision for children with developmental coordination disorder, the purpose of this study was to examine intervention and referral practices of occupational therapists in British Columbia, Canada.

Method.

An online survey was e-mailed to a convenience and snowball sample of paediatric occupational therapists, with 165 therapists responding. Descriptive statistics were used for the data analysis.

Findings.

Results show that the type and duration of intervention varied greatly throughout the province, as well as within health regions. Although 70% (87/124) of therapists reported being at least moderately familiar with current evidence, only 47% to 59% selected task-based methods as their primary intervention approach.

Implications.

Findings provide a baseline for current intervention and an opportunity for targeted knowledge translation initiatives.
Poet and translator: A dialogue between Mudnakudu Chinnaswamy and Rowena Hill
Authors: Chinnaswamy Mudnakudu , Hill Rowena
Published: July 2017

Mudnakudu Chinnaswamy is a well-known and celebrated poet and writer from Karnataka, India. He is here interviewed by Rowena Hill, who translated some of his poetry from Kannada into English. The interview, which is structured as a dialogue between poet and translator, emphasizes how important an issue translation is whenever one concerns oneself with Dalit literature, and how enlightening the collaborative work between a poet and his or her translator can be. In addition to this focus on translation as a concept, a necessity, a dialectics, and a pragmatics, the interview will also foreground some very sensitive and fraught issues linked to the globalization of a literature that was born out of an extremely specific social and political context. The collaboration between Chinnaswamy and Hill resulted in a volume which was published as Before It Rains Again by erbacce-press in 2016, after the interview took place.
European Protestants Between Anti-Communism and Anti-Totalitarianism: The Other Interwar Kulturkampf?
Authors: Hanebrink Paul
Published: July 2017

In the late 1930s, Protestants across Europe debated how best to resist the threat of encroaching secularism and radical secular politics. Some insisted that communism remained the greatest threat to Europe’s Christian civilization, while others used new theories of totalitarianism to imagine Nazism and communism as different but equal menaces. This article explores debates about Protestantism, secularism, and communism in three locations – Hungary, Germany, and Great Britain. It concludes that Protestants perceived Europe’s culture war against secularism in very different ways, according to their geopolitical location. The points of conflict between Europe’s Protestants foreshadowed the dramatic shifts in the coordinates of Protestant Europe’s culture wars after 1945.
Acculturation and Health Behaviors Among African Americans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mills Sarah D. , Fox Rina S. , Gholizadeh Shadi , Klonoff Elizabeth A. , Malcarne Vanessa L.
Published: July 2017

This systematic review examines the relationship between acculturation and health behaviors in African Americans. To meet inclusion criteria, studies published in English had to examine the relationship between acculturation and a health behavior among African Americans of any age (including children and adults). Twenty-one studies met criteria for inclusion. Studies assessed the relationship of acculturation to one or more of six different health behaviors: tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit drug use, risky sexual behavior, health-promoting behaviors (e.g., physical activity), and cancer screening. Although some studies found that a traditional African American orientation was associated with unhealthy behaviors, other studies found the opposite or no relationship. Also, for several health behaviors, only one or two studies were available, making it difficult to make definitive conclusions about the relationship of acculturation to these health behaviors. Thus, findings should be considered preliminary. Studies examining the relationship between acculturation and health behaviors among African Americans are needed.
U.S. and Chilean Mothers’ Use of Mental References With Infant Girls and Boys: Comparison of Maternal Practices in Gender Socialization via Language in Two Countries
Authors: Chang Tzu-Fen , Farkas Chamarrita , Vilca Daniela , Vallotton Claire
Published: July 2017

Variability in parents’ socialization of gender across countries has been understudied. To address the gap, this study compares U.S. and Chilean mothers’ practices in socialization of gender through use of mental state language. Drawing on 90 Chilean and 52 U.S. mother–infant dyads, we examined variation in the frequencies of mothers’ utterances of five types of mental references—emotion, desire, physiological states, causal talk, and cognition—to determine whether they varied by country and infant gender. Infant age ranged between 10 and 15 months. The frequencies with which both U.S. and Chilean mothers in our sample talked about most mental references did not vary according to infant gender, with the exceptions of causal talk in the United States. Specifically, the U.S. mothers used more causal talk with girls than boys. There were more similarities than differences in maternal use of the mental references in the U.S. and Chilean samples. This study did not observe gendered socialization practices through the use of these mental references in infancy among the U.S. and Chilean mothers. Instead, the current study suggests that, using mothers’ mental references in the child’s first year as the indicator, both gender-neutral and cross-gendered socialization practices emerge in the United States, and only gender-neutral socialization practices emerge in Chile.
Modulating Wnt Signaling Rescues Palate Morphogenesis in Pax9 Mutant Mice
Authors: Li C. , Lan Y. , Krumlauf R. , Jiang R.
Published: July 2017

Cleft palate is a common birth defect caused by disruption of palatogenesis during embryonic development. Although mutations disrupting components of the Wnt signaling pathway have been associated with cleft lip and palate in humans and mice, the mechanisms involving canonical Wnt signaling and its regulation in secondary palate development are not well understood. Here, we report that canonical Wnt signaling plays an important role in Pax9-mediated regulation of secondary palate development. We found that cleft palate pathogenesis in Pax9-deficient embryos is accompanied by significantly reduced expression of Axin2, an endogenous target of canonical Wnt signaling, in the developing palatal mesenchyme, particularly in the posterior regions of the palatal shelves. We found that expression of Dkk2, encoding a secreted Wnt antagonist, is significantly increased whereas the levels of active β-catenin protein, the essential transcriptional coactivator of canonical Wnt signaling, is significantly decreased in the posterior regions of the palatal shelves in embryonic day 13.5 Pax9-deficent embryos in comparison with control littermates. We show that small molecule–mediated inhibition of Dickkopf (DKK) activity in utero during palatal shelf morphogenesis partly rescued secondary palate development in Pax9-deficient embryos. Moreover, we found that genetic inactivation of Wise, which is expressed in the developing palatal shelves and encodes another secreted antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling, also rescued palate morphogenesis in Pax9-deficient mice. Furthermore, whereas Pax9del/del embryos exhibit defects in palatal shelf elevation/reorientation and significant reduction in accumulation of hyaluronic acid—a high molecular extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan implicated in playing an important role in palatal shelf elevation—80% of Pax9del/del;Wise-/- double-mutant mouse embryos exhibit rescued palatal shelf elevation/reorientation, accompanied by restored hyaluronic acid accumulation in the palatal mesenchyme. Together, these data identify a crucial role for canonical Wnt signaling in acting downstream of Pax9 to regulate palate morphogenesis.
Stim1 Regulates Enamel Mineralization and Ameloblast Modulation
Authors: Furukawa Y. , Haruyama N. , Nikaido M. , Nakanishi M. , Ryu N. , Oh-Hora M. , Kuremoto K. , Yoshizaki K. , Takano Y. , Takahashi I.
Published: July 2017

Loss-of-function mutations in the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel genes ORAI1 and STIM1 abolish store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and result in ectodermal dysplasia with amelogenesis imperfecta. However, because of the limited availability of patient tissue, analyses of enamel mineralization or possible changes in ameloblast function or morphology have not been possible. Here, we generated mice with ectodermal tissue-specific deletion of Stim1 ( Stim1 cKO [conditional knockout]), Stim2 ( Stim2 cKO), and Stim1 and Stim2 ( Stim1/2 cKO) and analyzed their enamel phenotypes as compared with those of control ( Stim1/2fl/fl) animals. Ablation of Stim1 and Stim1/2 but not Stim2 expression resulted in chalky enamel and severe attrition at the incisor tips and molar cusps. Stim1 and Stim1/2 cKO, but not Stim2 cKO, demonstrated inferior enamel mineralization with impaired structural integrity, whereas the shape of the teeth and enamel thickness appeared to be normal in all animals. The gene expression levels of the enamel matrix proteins Amelx and Ambn and the enamel matrix proteases Mmp20 and Klk4 were not altered by the abrogation of SOCE in Stim1/2 cKO mice. The morphology of ameloblasts during the secretory and maturation stages was not significantly altered in either the incisors or molars of the cKO animals. However, in Stim1 and Stim1/2 cKO incisors, the alternating modulation of maturation-stage ameloblasts between the smooth- and ruffle-ended cell types continued beyond the regular cycle and extended to the areas corresponding to the zone of postmodulation ameloblasts in the teeth of control animals. These results indicate that SOCE is essential for proper enamel mineralization, in which Stim1 plays a critical role during the maturation process.
KGF Enhances Oral Epithelial Adhesion and Rete Peg Elongation via Integrins
Authors: Sa G.L. , Xiong X.P. , Ren J.G. , Wang J.Y. , Xia H.F. , Liu Z.K. , He S.G. , Zhao Y.F.
Published: July 2017

Oral epithelial adhesion to the lamina propria underlies the physiologic function of the oral mucosa and contributes to resisting bacterial invasion, preventing body fluid loss, and maintaining routine chewing; thus, understanding the factors that positively influence oral epithelial adhesion is a research topic of great interest. Rete pegs contribute to oral epithelial adhesion by enlarging the contact areas, whereas integrins are the major molecules that mediate epithelial cell adhesion to the basement membrane. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) can promote both rete peg elongation in the skin and the expression of integrins in various cell types. Herein, we tested the effects of submucosal injection of KGF in the ventral surfaces of rat tongues on oral epithelial adhesion. The data confirmed that topical injection of KGF elevated the adhesive forces, elongated the rete pegs, and increased the abundance of integrins, KGF, and KGF receptor on the rat tongue ventral surface. However, HYD-1 (Lys-Ile-Lys-Met-Val-Ile-Ser-Trp-Lys-Gly), an integrin antagonist, inhibited the KGF-enhanced epithelial adhesion and rete peg elongation. Moreover, KGF promoted the expression of integrin subunits α6, β4, α3, and β1 in human immortalized oral epithelial cells in 2- and 3-dimensional culture systems. In vitro cell attachment assays demonstrated that HYD-1 inhibited the adhesion of human immortalized oral epithelial cells on Matrigel. Strikingly, the expression of integrins, KGF, and KGFR in human masticatory mucosae with longer rete pegs was more abundant than that in the lining mucosae with shorter rete pegs. In addition, rete peg lengths were positively correlated with the expression levels of integrins, KGF, and KGF receptor. These findings indicate that KGF strengthens oral epithelial adhesion and rete peg elongation via integrins.