bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Transcriptomics and Proteomics Reveals Potential Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression After Light Exposure in Metarhizium acridum
Authors: Brancini Guilherme T P , Ferreira Márcia E S , Rangel Drauzio E N , Braga Gilberto Ú L
Published: July 2019

Light is an important stimulus for fungi as it regulates many diverse and important biological processes. Metarhizium acridum is an entomopathogenic fungus currently used for the biological control of insect pests. The success of this approach is heavily dependent on tolerance to environmental stresses. It was previously reported that light exposure increases tolerance to ultraviolet radiation in M. acridum. There is no information in the literature about how light globally influences gene expression in this fungus. We employed a combination of mRNA-Sequencing and high-throughput proteomics to study how light regulates gene expression both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Mycelium was exposed to light for 5 min and changes at the mRNA and protein levels were followed in time-course experiments for two and four hours, respectively. After light exposure, changes in mRNA abundance were observed for as much as 1128 genes or 11.3% of the genome. However, only 57 proteins changed in abundance and at least 347 significant changes at the mRNA level were not translated to the protein level. We observed that light downregulated subunits of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, the eIF5A-activating enzyme deoxyhypusine hydroxylase, and ribosomal proteins. We hypothesize that light is perceived as a stress by the cell that responds to it by reducing translational activity. Overall, our results indicate that light acts both as a signal and a stressor to M. acridum and highlight the importance of measuring protein levels in order to fully understand light responses in fungi.
Aspectos ecológicos de decápodos del río Guayuriba (Meta, Colombia)
Authors: Vasquez-R. Jesús Manuel , Bocanegra-M. Joan Stiven
Published: July 2019

La biomasa y papel detritívoro-triturador de los decápodos contribuyen al procesamiento de materia orgánica y reciclaje de nutrientes en sistemas acuáticos. Sin embargo, poco se conoce de su biología y ecología. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la riqueza y distribución de decápodos, y describir algunos de sus aspectos biológicos en el río Guayuriba. Los organismos se capturaron con pesca eléctrica en once estaciones. Se determinó la riqueza y distribución espacial. A partir de diagramas de densidad y la prueba Kruskal-Wallis se compararon longitud total, del cefalotórax y peso, entre machos, hembras y estaciones. Se realizaron correlaciones entre el número y peso de huevos contra peso y longitud del cefalotórax de hembras de Macrobrachium reyesi. Se registraron tres especies, la más frecuente fue M. reyesi, seguida de Forsteria venezuelensis y Macrobrachium amazonicum. Las hembras de M. reyesi fueron más grandes que los machos, contrario a M. amazonicum. A nivel espacial machos y hembras de M. reyesi registraron diferencias significativas en longitud total, cefalotórax y peso; éstas fueron mayores en hembras ovadas respecto a no ovadas. El tamaño de las hembras mostró una correlación positiva con el número y peso de los huevos. M. reyesi presenta estrategias reproductivas similares a especies adaptadas completamente al agua dulce. Su tamaño para alcanzar la madurez sexual es relativamente pequeño en relación con otras especies. Investigaciones básicas como esta son necesarias para el manejo adecuado de recursos con potencial pesquero en la Orinoquia, caracterizada por su gran riqueza hídrica.
Aspectos ecológicos de los estadios juveniles de Callinectes sapidus (Crustacea: Portunidae) en un estuario ciego del Golfo de México
Authors: Chávez-L Rafael , Rocha-R Arturo , Vázquez-L Horacio
Published: July 2019

En este estudio se describe la abundancia, composición por tallas y crecimiento relativo de organismos juveniles de la jaiba Callinectes sapidus en el estuario ciego Laguna El Llano, Veracruz, México; las jaibas se muestrearon desde mayo de 2013 hasta mayo de 2014 en ocho sitios, cuatro sin vegetación, con sedimentos arenosos y aguas claras cercanos a la boca estuarina, los restantes con vegetación de manglar, sedimentos lodosos y aguas turbias. Se registraron las variables hidrológicas pH, temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, turbidez y salinidad. Se recolectaron 276 jaibas (235 machos y 41 hembras), la abundancia fue mayor (91,3 %) en los sitios cercanos a manglares, sedimentos lodosos y aguas turbias; la abundancia no se relacionó con las variables hidrológicas (P > 0,05). Por individuo se midió el ancho de caparazón (AC) y peso (P); los machos se registraron en un intervalo de AC entre 12 y 85 mm y de 0,3 a 123,4 g, las hembras se recolectaron entre 9 y 92,8 mm AC y pesaron entre 0,7 a 152,6 g; 76,4 % de los especímenes correspondieron a tallas de 11 a 40 mm AC; se analizó el crecimiento relativo usando la relación biométrica AC vs. P, que para las jaibas jóvenes fue alométrica negativa independientemente del sexo; todos los individuos presentaron el telson diferenciado pero en etapas iniciales de desarrollo gonádico, la proporción sexual fue dominada por los machos; la ocurrencia de la talla de 11 a 20 mm AC durante el estudio indicó reclutamiento continuo al estuario.
Efecto de borde en ensamblajes de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en fragmentos de bosque de un paisaje andino
Authors: Montes-Rodríguez José Mauricio , Ortega Molina Oscar Efraín , Espinosa Vélez Yilmar
Published: July 2019

En paisajes fragmentados la composición, diversidad y abundancia de las comunidades de varios grupos de organismos cambia desde el borde hacia el interior del bosque. Con el objetivo de evaluar dichos cambios en los ensamblajes de escarabajos coprófagos, se establecieron transectos perpendiculares al borde en fragmentos de bosque inmersos en una matriz heterogénea. Los transectos se ubicaron en tres tipos de borde: Bosque-pasturas, bosque-regeneración natural y bosque-carretera, cada uno con ocho estaciones de muestreo a 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 y 150 m desde el borde hacia el interior y 30 y 60 m desde el borde hacia la matriz. En cada estación se instaló una trampa de caída cebada con excremento humano. Se evaluaron seis variables ambientales. Los cambios del ensamblaje de escarabajos coprófagos dependen del tipo de borde y se hicieron notorios hasta máximo 30 m al interior del bosque, mientras que de 60 a 150 m no se evidenciaron cambios drásticos en estos parámetros. El porcentaje de claros, como medida indirecta de la cobertura vegetal, fue la variable con mayor influencia en el número de especies, individuos y biomasa de escarabajos. Aunque los escarabajos coprófagos parecen ser poco afectados por el efecto de borde, es necesario tener en cuenta que el 25 % de las especies evita el borde y que solo unas pocas especies pueden moverse por la matriz lo cual puede tener consecuencias en la función ecológica y en la viabilidad de sus poblaciones en el largo plazo.
Southernmost records of Entomophtoromycotina. Updated review of Entomophthoralean fungal insect pathogens of Argentina
Authors: López-L Claudia C. , Toledo Andrea V. , Manfrino Romina G. , Gutierrez Alejandra C.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this work is to further update the records of Argentinean Entomophthoralean fungal species and their geographical distribution. Our survey includes five new records of Zoophthora radicans infecting insect hosts belonging to the orders Diptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera from Pampasic and Littoral regions of Argentina. These new records not only increase the host range of Entomophthoralean fungi but also their geographical distribution around the world.
Rhodospatha rupicola (Araceae), una nueva especie reófita de la Amazonia colombiana
Authors: Alzate-Lozano Stefhania , Trujillo-Trujillo Edwin , Zuluaga Alejandro
Published: July 2019

Se describe una especie nueva del género Rhodospatha (Araceae) para la Amazonia colombiana. La especie está restringida altitudes entre 300–520 m en el departamento de Caquetá, crece como reófita principalmente sobre rocas a la orilla de pequeños ríos, quebradas y cascadas. Esta forma de crecimiento es poco común en aráceas de América tropical y no había sido registrada en el género Rhodospatha.
A cidade de Sócrates: ensaio sobre a natureza da verdadeira arte política em Górgias
Authors: Azevedo Raquel
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho se propõe a indagar em que consiste a recalcitrância de Cálicles, que Sócrates reconhece como sua pedra de toque, no diálogo Górgias de Platão. A chave de leitura para pensar o não-diálogo entre Cálicles e Sócrates está, segundo minha hipótese, na analogia entre os amantes dos dois personagens. Os amantes de Sócrates, Alcebíades e a filosofia, são a interiorização (e não a eliminação) do conflito externo com Cálicles. Segundo Hannah Arendt, o acordo consigo mesmo é a resposta socrática à irredutibilidade de Cálicles. Com essa operação, Platão cria uma complexa relação entre os dois modos de vida em jogo e, pela correspondência entre a alma e a cidade, o não-diálogo se desdobra em duas cidades distintas, uma sendo o avesso da outra, como na anedota acerca dos dois discursos sobre Helena proferidos pelo Górgias histórico – que dá nome ao diálogo.
Simpatia e altruísmo moral em David Hume
Authors: Junnior Neto Francisco Alvarenga , Martins Passos Isabella
Published: July 2019

A questão de que trata este artigo diz respeito a relação entre simpatia e altruísmo na filosofia moral do filósofo escocês David Hume. No livro Investigações sobre o entendimento humano e sobre os princípios da moral (2004), o termo simpatia é apontado por Hume como sendo a capacidade que um indivíduo possui de ser afetado por situações particulares de outros indivíduos, sendo tal ocorrência de afetação a condição necessária para que se erija um edifício moral. Assim, na busca de aclararmos a relação existente entre a simpatia e a teoria moral altruísta, buscaremos em um primeiro momento demonstrar que em Hume não há uma primazia da razão sobre os sentimentos, mas sim o contrário. Em um segundo momento, será realizado um aprofundamento acerca da simpatia na teoria moral humeana. Por fim, após tais realizações, o intuito será de demonstrar como as elucidações acerca de uma ética altruísta tem suas raízes em Hume e suas elaborações conceituais sobre uma ética fundada nos sentimentos, onde nossas distinções morais se prefiguram como, antes de meras elaborações racionais, advindas da capacidade simpática que nos é própria e nos permite separarmos aquilo que nos agrada e desagrada ao mesmo tempo que nos faz agir de modo interessado no bem-estar dos outros e da comunidade humana.
OPTIMIZATION OF RECIPE FOR BAKERY PRODUCTSWITH LOW-MOISTURE CONTENTFOR REDUCING THE GLYCEMIC INDEX
Authors: Iorgachova K. , Sokolova N. , Kotlik S.
Published: July 2019

The modern concept of recipe development and improvement has to be based on fundamental knowledge about the chemical composition of ingredients as well as mechanisms of their assimilation. Glycemic index of food products, including bakery products, becomes important in the aspect of the spread of a metabolic syndrome that is a complex of various metabolic disorders that lead to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The article shows the possibility of creating a recipe for sweet baked goods with low moisture content and reduced glycemic index due to using the buckwheat flour, dry wheat gluten, oat bran and aqueous extract of stevia. We have used modern methods of setting up the experiment and processing their results. The influence of these ingredients on the glycemic index has been characterized. The efficiency of using Stevia as natural sweeteners, has shown, for developing approaches to reduce the energy value and the glycemic index of bakery products. The coefficients of the regression model were given as a result; it has helped to find out the patterns of influence of both selected components and their dosage on the glycemic index, energy value and sensory characteristics of the product. The article presents the results of multicriteria optimization, which can be used to create recipe compositions using selected ingredients using of modern software Design-Expert 11. The amount of buckwheat flour was in range 5–20%, dry wheat gluten – 5–15%, oat bran – 2–6% of the total number of dry ingredients in the formulation. A rational ratio of the main ingredients has been found to provide an optimal ratio of the factors "low glycemic index - excellent taste". The glycemic index of developed baked goods with low moisture content was 57–58.This article has shown the possibility of using an integrated approach in forming the recipe of low-moisture bakery products with a reduced glycemic index.
STUDIES OF WATER FREEZING FEATURES IN ICE CREAM WITH STARCH SYRUP
Authors: Polischuk G. , Sharahmatova T. , Breus N. , Bass O. , Shevchenko I.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study is to research the process of water freezing in new types of ice cream with starch syrup at certain stages of the technological process. Starch syrup as a degradation product of corn starch is characterized by different values of the dextrose equivalent (DE). Starch syrup is a source of solids, sweetener, cryoprotectants (at high DE) and thickener (for low values of DE). The starch syrups  with fundamentally different functional and technological properties are chosen for the study: high glucose-fructose syrup HGFS-98 (DE = 98) and low-sugar starch syrup GFS-30 (DE = 30). To determine the size of ice crystals in ice cream, a light microscope of the brand XS-2610 with a cooling chamber is used for an increase of x600, and the cryoscopic temperature is measured by cryostat and Beckmann thermometer (TL-1) to calculate the content of frozen out water. The regularities of the process of water freez-out in ice cream with milk fat content of 3.5%, creamy fat content of 10% and filling with fat content of 15% in the temperature range from minus 6ºС to minus 40ºС are established. In particular, the content of frozenwater in ice-cream at certain stages of the technological process is determined. The results are used to optimize the prescription composition of ice cream with starch syrup. It is recommended to use hydrocarbon complexes consisting of HGFS-98 and GFS-30 in the ratio of 30:70 to 80:20 to reduce the content of frozen water in ice cream of different chemical compositions. The results of the study are of practical importance and allow to obtain in production conditions the fine-crystalline structure of ice cream with starch syrup.
INVESTIGATING FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM BALANGU SEED (LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA) GUM
Authors: Sardarodiyan Maryam , Arianfar Akram , Mohamadi San Ali , Naji-Tabasi Sara
Published: July 2019

In this study, the influence of molecular weight (MW) was measured on functional characteristics of Balangu seed (Lallemantia royleana) gum (BSG) fractions. Firstly, BSG fractionated by precipitation method using ethanol basis on MW. Two fractions called precipitate (PER) Balangu and supernatant (SUPER) Balangu were obtained as the highest and lowest MW fractions, respectively. Then the physicochemical properties (uronic acid, protein and molecular weight) were investigated for BSG and fractions. Moreover, the rheological characteristics of BSG and fractions emulsions were determined. The results showed, the value of MW for Balangu, PER-Balangu and SUPER-BSG were 3120 kDa, 6130 kDa and 2050 kDa, respectively. All the emulsions established shear-thinning behavior (1%, w/w). SUPER- Balangu was obtained lower storage moduli (G') and loss moduli (G''), which showed as the best uniform emulsion. The present of high uronic acid content (20.35%) and protein content (10.8%) of SUPER-Balangu led its increase emulsifying activity. PER-Balangu emulsion contains more poly-dispersed oil droplets with larger size which may be due to low protein content (6.03%). According to the results the most uniform emulsion related to SUPER-Balangu which can be a replacement for some of the plant hydrocolloids used in food products.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR THE KVASS PRODUCTION
Authors: Dulka O. , Prybylskyi V. , Oliynyk S. , Kuts A. , Kovalenko O.
Published: July 2019

The composition of water significantly affect the flow of the process and the main indicators of the finished drink. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental researches on improvement of the technology of preparation of drinking water for the production of non-alcoholic fermented beverages, in particular, bread kvass. The high efficiency of the application of natural minerals – clinoptilolite, rock crystal and activated carbon with combined treatment of water in the technology of bread kvass is proven. The quality and usefulness of the product depend on the content of its impurities. The integrated action of investigated materials with adsorption, ion exchange and redox properties provides water conditioning and achievement of the intensification of the technological process and high organoleptic qualities of the finished product. The work presents the physical-mechanical characteristics of the investigated materials, technological parameters of treatment, the influence of filter materials on the organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters of water and finished product. The article also gives a taste-aroma profile of bread kvass, made from the use of prepared water. The materials of the conducted research testify to the expediency of water treatment for the production of bread kvass in the sequence of clinoptilolite, active coal, rock crystal with a filtration rate of 8–15 m / h. In this case, the total iron content is reduced by 5 times, the total stiffness decreases by 75%, permanganate oxidation is 9 times. It has been established that such processing allows for high organoleptic qualities of prepared water and end product and increases the tasting score of bread kvass by 7 times, with no unpleasant taste and aroma that is characteristic of chlorinated water and decreases the turbidity of the beverage as a result of a decrease in the overall rigidity of water.
THE FATTY ACIDS CONTENT IN THE LIVER OF JAPANESE QUAILS AFTER THE CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HATCHING EGGS
Authors: Danchuk V. , Trach V. , Midyk S. , Danchuk О. , Ushkalov V. , Kepple O.
Published: July 2019

The five groups of Pharaoh quail (100 animals per group) were formed to fulfill the tasks. Quails of the control group were fed by the standard mixed fodder for quail (DSTU 4687:2006). The bird of the research groups (I–IV) received the same feed, but with the addition of 20 g/t of vitamin E. We selected the hatching eggs after 4 weeks of feeding research fodders. Eggs were weighed and laid for incubation using the standard mode after pre-incubation storage of the eggs of the quails obtained in the peak of egg production for 5 days. On the 14th day of incubation, the eggs of the quails were divided into 5 groups. Treatment of eggs I, II and III of the test group was carried out on the 14th day of incubation, respectively, with solutions of 1% sodium hypochlorite 2% perchloric acid 0,5% hydrogen peroxide. Egg of control and IV experimental group were not subject to chemical treatment. The material for research was hatching eggs of quail, liver tissue of 14 daily embryos and 1-day quail. The fatty acid composition of the lipids of tissues and egg yolk was determined in this biological material. Analysis of methyl esters of LC was carried out on a Gas chromatograph Trace GC Ultra (USA) with a flame ionization detector. Identification of fatty acids was carried out using a standard Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix. Quantitative assessment of the spectrum of fatty acids of yolk lipids was carried out by the method of internal normalization, determining their percentage content. Ontogenetic differences in the fatty acid composition of tissues are established. Processing of the eggshell on the fourteenth day of incubation with H2O2 solution is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of stearic acid in the liver of the 1-day quail and a decrease in the proportion of Neukosatrienoic and pre-fatty acids. Treatment of the shell with sodium hypochlorite and HCl is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of stearic acid by 0.96–1.00 % and аrachinic acid, with a decrease in the proportion of gondoinic and eicosatrienic fatty acids. At the same time, when treating with HCl and sodium hypochlorite, the ratio of the sum of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids decreases by 3.2–7.9% (p<0.05). So, the established changes in the fatty acid composition of the liver one-day quail indicate a significant effect of the chemical treatment of the egg shell on the exchange of fatty acids in the embryonic period.
Low Level of Genetic Variation and Signs of Isolation in the Native Hungarian Sea Buckthorn Population Compared to Cultivated Specimens
Authors: HÖHN Mária , SZELÉNYI Magdolna , HALÁSZ Júlia
Published: July 2019

Sea Buckthorn population from Újpest Nature Reserve, the only one assumed to be native in Hungary sustains at the periphery of Budapest city on the sandy substrate deposited by the Danube river. The study aims to characterize the gene stock preserved on this small edaphic habitat by comparing with the genetic material of planted specimens of known origin used in horticultural and gardening practice. Fragment length variations of seven nuclear microsatellite markers were evaluated and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on sequence variation of an intron from nuclear gene encoding the chalcone synthase enzyme. Gender rate was evaluated by female specific SCAR marker. Microsatellite analysis pointed out the extremely low variation of the natural sea buckthorn population from Újpest Nature Reserve compared to the cultivated specimens, while the phylogenetic tree revealed that the natural population belongs to the genetic lineage distributed mostly in Western and Middle-Europe, and in Romania, region, which has strong links to the Balkan and the Black Sea. The analysis clearly separated the genetic material of the native Újpest population from the planted individuals from the vicinity that proved to be of allochthonous origin. The HrX2 SCAR marker revealed the dominance of the males (1:1.42). The study provides support for the autochthonous origin of the Hungarian remnant population being in reproductive isolation that suggest for its long persistence and relict status. Ex situ conservation and nature protection measures are highly recommended to maintain one of the last native sea buckthorn populations of the Pannonian region.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Effect of Different DNA Demethylating Agents on In vitro Cultures of Peach Rootstock GF 677
Authors: BARÁNEK Miroslav , OTMAR Miroslav , KREČMEROVÁ Marcela , EICHMEIER Aleš , MOUDRÁ Jana , MYNARZOVÁ Zuzana
Published: July 2019

The appearance of somaclonal variability induced by in vitro cultivation is relatively frequent and, in some cases, provides a valuable source of new phenotypes suitable for crop improvement. Numerous studies have confirmed that these changes can be explained by alterations of DNA methylation. Interestingly, a group of chemical compounds termed ‘demethylating agents’ (DMT agents) enable artificial changes to be made in the DNA methylation state. Thus, these agents are theoretically able to induce new phenotypes or more favourable properties. The objective of the present study was to verify suitable conditions for the application of different DMT agents within in vitro protocols for micropropagation using the stone fruit rootstock GF 677 as an example. The impact of these agents on the properties of plant regenerants was evaluated, and their DNA methylation state was controlled by using an AFLP protocol based on a restriction endonuclease that differed in its sensitivity to methylated cytosines. Moreover, the effect of newly synthesised derivates was compared with that of conventional compounds with a well-documented DNA-demethylating impact. Based on the results, the suitable concentration for treatment by a DMT agent was established as approximately 50 µM. Promising results were generated using a combination of DMT agents with different mechanisms of action, such as azacytidine and dihydroxypropyladenine; under these conditions, probable synergy between methyltransferase interception by the cytosine analogue and interruption of methyl group donation by dihydroxypropyladenine significantly changed the DNA methylation state of treated plants. Regarding newly synthesised compounds, the 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytosine nucleoside showed the most promising results, which can likely be explained by its higher stability in the media used for in vitro cultivation.
 
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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Phytosociology, Distribution and Ecology of a Willow Community with False Tamarisk from the Lotru Valley (Romanian Carpathians)
Authors: NUȚĂ Ilie Silvestru , NICULESCU Mariana
Published: July 2019

The overall objective of this research was to contribute to a better knowledge of the phytosociology, ecology and distribution of the plant community formed by Myricaria germanica (false tamarisk) and the willow species Salix purpurea. This plant community has an important role in reducing the speed and strength of the water flow during floods. The description was based on cover‐abundance data for the faithful, dominant, characteristic and companion species of this plant community. A predominance of Myricaria germanica was observed when analysing the phytocoenoses, as the species finds in this area favourable ecological conditions for an abundant development. Salix purpurea presents a small abundance-dominance or in some phytocoenoses may even lack. The field research also revealed the excessive development of the species Calamagrostis pseudophragmites in some areas, related mostly with the effect of human activities. The anthropogenic disorders have induced modifications in the floristic physiognomy and compositions of the phytocoenoses, favouring also the invasion of opportunistic species such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Impatiens glandulifera, Phytolacca amearicana, Amorpha fruticosa, Erigeron annuus, which continuously extend in the studied territory. As Myricaria germanica and Salix purpurea phytocoenoses suffer a great decline throughout Europe, the habitat built by these species was declared of interest and was included in the Habitats Directive.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Improves Leaf Food Quality of Tea Plants
Authors: SHAO Ya-Dong , ZHANG De-Jian , HU Xian-Chun , WU Qiang-Sheng , JIANG Chang-Jun , GAO Xiu-Bing , KUČA Kamil
Published: July 2019

Tea (Camellia sinensis) plants inhabit arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rhizosphere, whereas it is not clear whether AMF improves leaf food quality of tea plants. A potted study was conducted to determine effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis and a mixture of the three AMF species on leaf sugar, amino acid, soluble protein, tea polyphenol, catechuic acid, and flavonoid contents of Camellia sinensis ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ seedlings. After 12 weeks of AMF inoculation, mycorrhizal plants recorded significantly higher shoot biomass and total leaf area, whilst the effect was ranked as C. etunicatum > D. spurca > mixed-AMF > D. versiformis in the decreasing order. AMF treatments significantly increased leaf total amino acid concentrations, accompanied with up-regulation of amino acid synthetic enzymes genes glutamine synthetase (CsGS), glutamate synthase (CsGOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (CsGDH). Leaf glucose, sucrose, total soluble protein, tea polyphenol, catechuic acid, and flavonoid contents were significantly higher in AMF- than in non-AMF-inoculated plants. In addition, mycorrhizal inoculation notably up-regulated the expression level of leaf 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme gene (CsHMGR), ascorbate peroxidase gene (CsAPX), and tea caffeine synthase 1 gene (CsTCS1). These results implied that AMF inoculation had positive effects on leaf food quality partly by means of up-regulation of relevant gene expression in ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ seedlings.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Effects of Different Shading Rates on the Photosynthesis and Corm Weight of Konjac Plant
Authors: QIN Yaoguo , YAN Zesheng , GU Honghui , WANG Zhengxiang , JIANG Xiong , CHEN Zhizhou , YANG Fuqing , YANG Cuiqin
Published: July 2019

To study the effects of shading level on the photosynthesis and corm weight of konjac plant, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, daily variation of relative electron transport rate (rETR), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and corm weight of konjac plants under different treatments were measured and comparatively analyzed through covered cultivation of biennial seed corms with shade nets at different shading rates (0%, 50%, 70%, and 90%). The results showed that with the increase in shading rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency, potential activity, and non-photochemical quenching of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) of konjac leaves constantly increased, whereas the actual photosynthetic efficiency, rETR, and photochemical quenching of PSⅡ initially increased and then decreased. This result indicated that moderate shading could enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of konjac leaves. The daily variation of rETR in konjac plants under unshaded treatment showed a bimodal curve, whereas that under shaded treatment displayed a unimodal curve. The rETR of plants with 50% treatment and 70% treatment was gradually higher than that under unshaded treatment around noon. The moderate shading could increase the Pn of konjac leaves. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves under shaded treatment were significantly higher than those of the leaves under unshaded treatment. Shading could promote the growth of plants and increase corm weight. The comprehensive comparison shows that the konjac plants had strong photosynthetic capacity and high yield when the shading rate was 50%-70% for the area.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Optimization of a Rapid Propagation System for Mass Production of High-Quality Plantlets of Trichosanthes kirilowii cv. ‘Yuelou-2’ via Organogenesis
Authors: CAI Xiao Dong , CHENG Jin Jin , ZHANG Yuan Shan
Published: July 2019

Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim is a perennial plant possessing great medicinal and edible value. In this study, an efficient rapid propagation system was developed for in vitro production of high-quality plantlets of T. kirilowii cv. ‘Yuelou-2’ via organogenesis. Shoots were established from the nodal stems of this plant by cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) according to a L9 (34) orthogonal array design. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 6-BA alone conferred significant enhancement of shoot induction and development by variance and statistical analysis of shoot induction frequency, shoot length, as well as lateral shoot number and total node number per explant. Rooting percentage, root morphological characteristics, plantlet survival rate, as well as plantlet growth performance in vitro and ex vitro were comprehensively assessed, and results showed that the addition of 1.0 mg l-1 NAA to 1/2 MS medium was the most responsive for root induction and production of high-quality plantlets from the regenerated shoots. The in vitro propagation system described here has the potential for large-scale and rapid production of in vitro plantlets of seed variety of T. kirilowii in a sustainable manner.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Antioxidant Effects of Walnut Leaves and Sweet Cherry Stems on Color, Lipid Oxidation and Sensory Quality of Cooked Pork Patties
Authors: BORUZI Andrei Iulian , NOUR Violeta
Published: July 2019

The effects of walnut leaf powder (WLP), walnut leaf extract (WLE) and cherry stem extract (CSE) on the oxidative and color stability of cooked pork patties were determined and compared with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and control (without antioxidant). Instrumental color, pH, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sensory attributes were determined on manufactured patties initially (time 0) and after 5, 10 and 15 days of refrigerated storage. Addition of walnut leaf extract to pork patties was more effective than cherry stem extract in controlling lipid oxidation and color changes during cold storage, in agreement with results from the in vitro antioxidant activity. The natural additives significantly (p<0.05) increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity in cooked pork patties as compared to control and BHT treated samples, throughout the storage period. After 15 days, the TBARS values were significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 3.01 in control patties to 2.43, 1.58, 1.83 and 1.19 mg malondialdehyde per kg samples in patties with BHT, WLE, CSE and WLP, respectively. Addition of extracts showed positive effects on sensory attributes, the highest scores being achieved by WLP treated samples. 

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Non-Destructive Leaf Area Estimation Model for Overall Growth Performances in Relation to Yield Attributes of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) under Water Deficit Conditions
Authors: PIPATSITEE Piyanan , EIUMNOH Apisit , PRASEARTKUL Patchara , PONGANAN Navavit , TAOTA Kanyarat , KONGPUGDEE Sumaid , SAKULLEERUNGROJ Kampol , CHA-UM Suriyan
Published: July 2019

Cassava is a tropical storage root crop, a source of carbohydrate and alternative energy. It has been classified as “drought tolerant plant” for the whole life cycle, except during the root initiation stage (120-150 DAP). Leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most parameters representing the overall growth and yield prediction in cassava. The aim of this investigation was to validate the physiological and growth performance of cassava in responses to water deficit stress in the field trial as well as to investigate the leaf area index as an important factor to cassava growth and storage root bulking. Leaf relative water content in cassava declined significantly upon a long period of water withholding, and regulated non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), leading to chlorophyll degradation, reduced number of leaves and limited leaf area index (LAI) and loss of storage root yield when compared with well-irrigated plants. Non-destructive leaf area estimation model under water deficit stress condition using spectral reflectance to determine the LAI and VIs was validated. The Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) was suitable model with high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.89). However, the RVI as LAI at 150 DAP (120 d water withholding) could be considered as the critical point to indicate cassava growth and yield performance. Based on the results, cassava growth, biomass and yield in the different environments may further be investigated, taking into consideration the genotypic variation and using remote sensing technology for rapid monitoring and accurate and cost-effective data assessment.
 
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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Phenolic, Glucosinolates Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Broccoli Sprouts in Response to Nanoselenium Particles Supply
Authors: VICAS Simona Ioana , CAVALU Simona , LASLO Vasile , TOCAI Mariana , COSTEA Traian O. , MOLDOVAN Liviu
Published: July 2019

Improving the nutritional quality of plants has emerged from the fact that macro- and micro- nutrients are limited in various agricultural areas. The aim of our study was the biofortification of broccoli sprouts with selenium nanoparticles (NSePs) and evaluation of growth parameters, assimilator pigments content, total phenols, glucosinolates content along with antioxidant capacity, in order to boost value added output, such as improved nutrition and food functionality. NSePs were prepared by reduction of NaHSeO3 using glucose as reducing agent, and characterized from structural and morphological point of view. The growth of broccoli seedlings was dependent on NSePs concentration. The treatment with 10 and 50 ppm NSePs caused a slight increase in total biomass, by contrast with 100 ppm treatment. Chlorophyll content, total carotenoid and total phenols content was not affected by the treatment of broccoli sprouts with different concentrations of NSePs. Instead, the content of individual glucosinolates varied between the samples, depending on the levels of NSePs. The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained for 100 ppm NSePs concentration. The effective uptake of NSePs was further demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Microscopy. NSePs did not induce any toxicity on broccoli sprouts. Moreover, broccoli supply with NSePs may target higher nutritional impact and health benefits.
 
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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Estimating Nitrogen and Chlorophyll Status of Romaine Lettuce Using SPAD and at LEAF Readings
Authors: MENDOZA-TAFOLLA Rodrigo Omar , JUAREZ-LOPEZ Porfirio , ONTIVEROS-CAPURATA Ronald-Ernesto , SANDOVAL-VILLA Manuel , ALIA-TEJACAL Iran , ALEJO-SANTIAGO Gelacio
Published: July 2019

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development and is especially important in the production of high quality leafy green vegetables. In this experiment, leaf N concentration, chlorophyll concentration (Chl) and weight above fresh matter (AFM) of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) were estimated by correlations between in situ SPAD and atLEAF readings. Lettuce was grown in high tunnels during 42 days and was irrigated at five nitrogen levels: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 mEq·L-1 of NO3-, based on the Steiner nutrient solution. The N concentration, Chl concentration and AFM were determined in the laboratory, while SPAD and atLEAF readings were measured in situ weekly. SPAD readings had high, positive and significant linear correlations with N (R2 = 0.90), Chl (R2 = 0.97) and AFM (R2 = 0.98); atLEAF readings had a similar linear correlation with N (R2 = 0.91), Chl (R2 = 0.92) and AFM (R2 = 0.97). Besides, SPAD and atLEAF readings had high, positive, and significant linear correlation (R2 = 0.96). Thus, SPAD and atLEAF meters can be used to non-destructively and accurately estimate the N status of lettuce, in a reliable and quick manner during the crop production cycle. In addition, atLEAF is currently more affordable than SPAD.
 
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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Effect of Maturation Degree on the Fixed Oil Chemical Composition, Phenolic Compounds, Mineral Nutrients and Antioxidant Properties of Pistacia lentiscus L. Fruits
Authors: BOUDIEB Kaissa , AIT SLIMANE-AIT KAKI Sabrina , AMELLAL-CHIBANE Hayet
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the maturity stage effects on the bioactive metabolites content, the antioxidant activity and color variation of Algerian Pistacia lentiscus L. fruit. For this propose, both red and black fruits of the selected species representing two different maturation stages immature and mature, respectively are chosen. Our experimental study was initiated by a GC/MS analysis in order to determinate the fixed oils chemical composition. An AAS for macroelements and ICP-MS for microelements was carried out to evaluate the mineral composition. Furthermore, phenolic, anthocyanins and total sugars compounds level were determinate. Also, a chromameter was used to detect the color changes of fruits powders. At last, antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays. As a result, the fixed oil qualitative evaluation, revealed new molecules were synthesized in the mature fruit oil which gives it a higher quality than one of the immature stage, we also noted that the accumulation of the oils increases with the fruits maturation while the sugar content decreases significantly. In addition, the results obtained showed that the bioactive molecules were found to be significantly high at the mature stage and its affects positively the P. lentiscus antioxidant activity. High levels of minerals (Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn) observed in mature fruits ensure a high nutritional quality compared to immature ones.  To conclude, the phytocomponents of P. lentiscus fruit are accumulated during maturation, which provides it with an important qualitative and quantitative value in terms of both curative and/ or nutritional fields.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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The Influence of Aqueous Extracts from Stellaria media L. on the Growth of Zea mays L. Cultivars
Authors: ZANDI Peiman , MOŻDŻEŃ Katarzyna , BARABASZ-KRASNY Beata , PUŁA Joanna , STACHURSKA-SWAKOŃ Alina , WANG Yaosheng
Published: July 2019

Plants introduce chemicals into the environment that can be toxic, both for themselves and for other species. Weed infestation of crops is a competition for environmental resources, but at the same time is a source of chemical substances released into the soil, often reducing yield potential. The paper attempts to investigate the allelopathic interaction of aquatic extracts from dry shoots of chickweed Stellaria media L. on germination and development of maize Zea mays L. seedlings of ‘San’, ‘Kidemos’ and ‘DKC 3441’ cultivars. Along with the increase in the concentration of allelopathic substances, a decrease in the germination activity of all tested maize cultivars was observed. Germination percentage as like percentage of control was the highest for seeds germinating on substrates with 1% chickweed extracts and the lowest for seeds watered with 5% extracts. Biometric measurements of seedlings showed that the most sensitive cultivar of maize was ‘DKC 3441’, and the resistant cultivar ‘San’. The relative water content was the highest for seedlings grown on the 5% extracts. Significant differences in the amount of fresh and dry masses of maize seedlings were demonstrated at the highest concentrations of extracts compared to the control. A significant increase in electrolyte leakage compared to the control sample was found in the ‘Kidemos’ cultivar. The lowest differences in the destabilization of the ionic transport through cell membranes for the ‘DKC 3441’ cultivar were demonstrated.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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