bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON NATIVE AND ADDED PHOSPHORUS IN SOME NORTHERN ONTARIO SOILS
Authors: Levesque M.
Published: March 2010

In the northern Ontario soils, native inorganic P was found to be associated chiefly with Ca in an alkaline Gray Wooded clay, and equally with Fe and Ca in an acidic Gray Wooded silty clay loam and a podzolic loam. Irrespective of the soils, added P was recovered mainly in the Al-P fraction (60%) and in the Fe-P fraction (25%).Incubating the soils at 26 °C instead of 10 °C for 5 months brought about increases in the Fe-P fraction of the fertilized-soil samples. This increase was partly at the expense of the Al-P. There was evidence for some correlation between the Fe-P fraction and the P uptake by alfalfa plants.It was concluded that coarse-textured soils would be less affected by the cool soil conditions prevailing during the growing season m the northern Ontario clay belt, and would make better use of their native P supply than would fine-textured soils. The yield increase due to P fertilization, however, would be greater on the latter soils.
LATERAL WATER MOVEMENT IN STE. ROSALIE CLAY SUBSOIL
Authors: Hamid A. , Warkentin P.
Published: March 2010

not available
A SEMIMICRO TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY
Authors: Edwards A. P.
Published: March 2010

not available
COMPARISON OF RAPID METHODS OF SOIL MOISTURE DETERMINATION BASED ON ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
Authors: Saini G. R. , Stewart A. I.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF SOIL TEXTURE, NET EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND OTHER FACTORS ON IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF ORCHARDS AS DETERMINED BY A SCHEDULING PROCEDURE
Authors: Wilcox J. C.
Published: March 2010

Minimum annual irrigation-water requirements were determined in 17 mature orchards over a 4-year period, by gradually reducing the application rates until the desired minimum soil-moisture contents were achieved. Variations in weather were taken care of by use of a scheduling procedure. The criteria used for determination of minimum requirements allowed for some wilting of the cover crops, but not of the trees. The soils ranged from a sand to a fine silt loam, with accompanying wide ranges in water-holding capacity, depth of water needed at each irrigation, and safe irrigation interval in the heat of the summer. Highly significant correlations were obtained between the annual irrigation requirement on the one hand and soil texture and net evapotranspiration on the other hand. By multiple regression it was found that these two factors, together with number of days of irrigating, accounted for 91 to 94% of the variation in annual irrigation applications. It is concluded that the coarser-textured the soil, the greater was the annual irrigation requirement.
EFFECT OF SOIL ORDER, pH, TEXTURE AND ORGANIC MATTER ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PHOSPHORUS IN ALFALFA AND SOIL-TEST VALUES
Authors: John M. K. , Ryswyk A. L. van , Mason J. L.
Published: March 2010

Soil and tissue samples were collected from 192 alfalfa fields representing a wide variety of cultivated soils in British Columbia. The phosphorus content of the alfalfa was correlated with the amounts of available P extracted by eight soil-test methods. The Olsen method, Bray's P1 method, and a modification of Bray's P1 method showed high correlation with plant phosphorus over a wide range of soils; the other five methods showed lower correlation. The relationship observed between soil phosphorus and plant phosphorus differed with soil pH and soil order for the various available-phosphorus methods used. None of the methods gave significant correlations with the Solonetzic and Podzolic soils. Multiple correlation studies indicated that soil pH and texture were required to explain the contribution of available phosphorus in soil, as measured by any soil-test method, to phosphorus in alfalfa.
WATER-SOLUBLE AND EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINUM IN ACID SOILS AS AFFECTED BY LIMING AND FERTILIZATION
Authors: MacLeod L. B. , Jackson L. P.
Published: March 2010

The concentration of water-soluble and exchangeable aluminum was determined in the 0–15-, 15–23-, 23–30- and 30–45-cm depths of a Podzol limed to provide surface soil pH values ranging from 4.5 to 7.2. Both soluble and exchangeable Al decreased with increasing soil pH. Soluble Al ranged from 5.7 ppm at pH 4.4 with high fertilization to 0.3 ppm at pH 6.5 with similar fertilization. Increasing the rate of fertilization at pH 4.5 raised the soluble Al from 2.6 to 5.7 ppm. Fertilization still doubled the soluble Al in soil at pH 5.1 but had little effect as the pH was raised further to 5.8 and 6.5. Soluble Al in the subsoil samples was less than in surface soil samples at the same pH, while with exchangeable Al, the concentration was greater in the subsoil than in the surface soil samples.There was not a direct relationship between pH and soluble Al, although the highest soluble Al concentrations occurred at lowest soil pH levels. Analyses of 30 representative samples of surface soil taken from farmers' fields showed that the soluble Al concentration at pH 4.0 ranged from 3.5 to 4.8 ppm, while at a pH of 5.0 it ranged from 0.2 to 2.8 ppm. The concentrations of soluble Al in many of these soils exceeded the levels previously shown by nutrient solution experiments to severely restrict growth of legumes and some varieties of barley.
AMENDMENTS FOR OATS IN SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH MAGNESIUM LIME DUST
Authors: MacLean A. J. , Finn B. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
A DESIGN FOR CONTROLLED-TEMPERATURE GROWTH BINS
Authors: Ketcheson J. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
ANOMALOUS VALUES OF FREE IRON IN SOME QUEBEC SOILS CONTAINING MAGNETITE
Authors: Baril Roger , Bitton G.
Published: March 2010

not available
GROWTH AND YIELD OF OATS AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL TEMPERATURE, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND SOIL MOISTURE SUPPLY
Authors: Fulton J. M.
Published: March 2010

Oats were grown in the greenhouse under four soil moisture regimes at each of several combinations of aerial and soil temperatures. In one series of experiments, both air and soil temperature was controlled at 13, 18.5 and 24 °C. A second series involved the same soil temperatures but a single air temperature (18.5 °C) was common to all soil temperatures. Air and soil temperatures higher than 13 °C reduced yield more drastically than soil temperatures above 13 °C. It is suggested that high air temperature placed a restriction on root growth that was not offset by the most favorable soil temperature employed. High temperatures and high levels of soil moisture increased the rate of stem elongation and the height at heading but reduced the time between emergence and heading. Increased height which resulted from high levels of moisture increased yield, but increased height resulting from high temperature was associated with reduced yield.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MODAL PROFILE AND MEASUREMENT OF VARIABILITY WITHIN A SOIL LANDFORM UNIT
Authors: Protz R. , Presant E. W. , Arnold R. W.
Published: March 2010

A method for establishing a modal profile and separating inclusions in mapping units is presented. The statistical concepts and implications are discussed. Horizon thicknesses of 100 soil profiles in a 10-by-10 grid on a stable, remnant, upland terrace were used as the basic data to demonstrate the method. All horizon thicknesses did not follow normal frequency distributions, the Ae and AB were skewed and the depth to carbonates exhibited a tendency to a bi-modal distribution, whereas the Ah and B horizons approached normal distributions.
EFFECT OF SUMMERFALLOW TILLAGE ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF WHEAT
Authors: Dew D. A.
Published: March 2010

On a fallow–wheat rotation on a loam soil in the Black soil zone of central Alberta, increased tillage over that required to control weeds had no effect on the yield of wheat. Four operations usually controlled weeds. Extra tillage had little or no effect on soil moisture conserved, wind-erodible aggregates, compaction or nitrate accumulation. Insufficient tillage adversely affected yield, moisture conservation and nitrate accumulation.
INFLUENCE OF PLANT RESIDUE ON SAND FLOW IN A WIND TUNNEL
Authors: Bisal Frederick
Published: March 2010

A wind tunnel was used to study the effect of various amounts of standing wheat stubble on sand flow. In general, the relationship between sand flow and the amount of wheat stubble tended to be sigmoidal. There was an initial phase when small amounts of stubble had very little effect on sand flow, followed by a very rapid decrease in flow when additional increments of stubble were added to the surface. Sand flow approached zero at stubble rates ranging from 1,200 kg/ha for a wind velocity of 5.36 m/sec to 7,200 kg/ha for a wind velocity of 8.49 m/sec. At a wind velocity of 10.28 m/sec the addition of 1,800 kg/ha of wheat stubble tended to increase sand flow.
ESTIMATION OF THE INORGANIC AND ORGANIC pH-DEPENDENT CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF THE B HORIZONS OF PODZOLIC AND BRUNISOLIC SOILS
Authors: Clark J. S. , Nichol W. E.
Published: March 2010

Heating in hydrogen peroxide, dilute oxalic acid, and dilute aluminum oxalate did not change the effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) or the pH-7 CEC of Wyoming bentonite and Alberni clay soil containing excess Al(OH)x. This indicated that treatment of soils with H2O2 to oxidize organic matter and the possible production of oxalates during oxidation did not change the CEC values of the inorganic fraction of soils even if some clay exchange sites were blocked by hydrous oxides of Al.With soils of pH less than approximately 5.4, oxidation of organic matter did not change the effective CECs although the pH-7 CEC values were decreased. Thus, organic matter in acid soils appeared to have little or no effective CEC. Because of this and the negligible effect of H2O2 oxidation on the CEC values of clays, the difference of the pH-7 CEC of soils before and after H2O2 oxidation provided a simple means of estimating the amount of organic pH-dependent CEC in acid soils.The amount of organically derived pH-dependent CEC was determined in a number of soils by means of peroxide oxidation. The technique provided a useful indication of the quantities of sesquioxide–organic matter complexes accumulated in medium- and fine-textured soils.
FERTILIZER RESPONSE OF FESCUE GRASSLAND VEGETATION
Authors: Smith A. D. , Johnston A. , Lutwick L. E. , Smoliak S.
Published: March 2010

Fescue grassland vegetation at three locations in southwestern Alberta was fertilized with P, N, and N + P at various rates. Rates of application by an increasing-rate fertilizer spreader were from 0 to 1,120 kg N/ha and from 0 to 860 kg P/ha. Festuca scabrella Torr. responded to high rates of fertilizer whereas Danthonia parryi Scribn. did not respond. Yields were averaged across locations to show effects of fertilizers 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after application. Yield response curves showed that a residual effect persisted throughout the 4-year study period. Total yield was increased. Value of additional grazing compared with costs of purchase and application of fertilizer showed that fertilization of rangelands in the areas studied was not economically feasible.
PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS FOR A BROWN SOLONETZ AND ASSOCIATED SOILS UNDER IRRIGATION
Authors: Krogman K. K. , Milne R. A.
Published: March 2010

The pH, electrical conductivity, sodium-adsorption ratio, saturation percent, hydraulic conductivity, NO3 content, and NaHCO3-extractable phosphorus were determined on an irrigated Solonetzic soil complex. The soils were sampled to the 142-cm depth at 20 locations on a small, levelled field. Yields of barley were obtained in the field and in the greenhouse on soil cores. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that hydraulic conductivity and available phosphorus in the 0- to 15-cm depth were the most important factors explaining yield variation in the field. In the greenhouse, available phosphorus was more important and hydraulic conductivity was of secondary and minor importance.
REACTIONS OF IRON HYDROUS OXIDE WITH WYOMING BENTONITE
Authors: Clark J. S. , Nichol W. E.
Published: March 2010

Iron hydrous oxides were precipitated in Wyoming bentonite suspensions. With these preparations, close agreement was obtained between experimental corrected lime-potential and base saturation values and the titration curve calculated for the Wyoming bentonite-Fe hydrous oxide system, if (a) the exchangeable cations were extracted with NaNO3, (b) titration was used to determine the sum of trivalent ions extracted and (c) Fe and Al were considered to be equivalent exchangeable cations. The sum of cations extracted with NaNO3, therefore, was used as a measure of the effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the clay preparations containing excess iron oxides.The effective CEC's were low after short reaction intervals, but increased rapidly with time and were approaching the original CEC of the clay. The extent to which the CEC may have been reduced initially could not be determined because charged polynuclear hydroxy Fe complexes were present on the exchange complex. The fact that these complexes disappeared by 2 weeks and that the CEC values were approaching the original value clearly show that the Fe hydrous oxide clay complexes were not stable. Because of this and the low pH values at which the complexes were formed, the existence of Fe hydrous oxide-clay complexes in most natural soils was considered unlikely.
SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDE FRACTIONS IN SELECTED ALBERTA SOILS
Authors: Lowe L. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
VESSEL FOR LONG TERM SOIL-SOLUTION EQUILIBRATION
Authors: Clark J. S. , Hill R. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
EQUIPMENT FOR THE SAFE APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS TO POTATOES
Authors: Emmond G. S.
Published: March 2010

not available
WATER UPTAKE BY ORCHARDGRASS AND EVAPORATION FROM BARE SOIL IN THE PRESENCE OF SHALLOW WATER TABLES
Authors: Schaik J. C. van , Krogman K. K.
Published: March 2010

Lysimeter studies in 1967 showed that evapotranspiration by orchardgrass from June 16 to September 15 was 38.8, 37.2, and 34.9 cm with water tables at depths of 91, 122, and 152 cm. This amounted to about 60% of the potential evapotranspiration and was nearly all due to transpiration. Evaporation from a bare soil in 1967 was not high enough to influence salt concentration of the surface soil. Most salinization of the cropped soil is expected to occur outside the growing season, if the water tables do not fluctuate.
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND CROP YIELDS AS INFLUENCED BY THE FREQUENCY OF SUMMERFALLOWING
Authors: Ridley A. O. , Hedlin R. A.
Published: March 2010

Organic matter and nitrogen content of a Black lacustrine clay soil at Winnipeg was maintained at a high level by intensive cropping to cereal grains. Frequent fallowing resulted in the greatest decline in soil organic matter.Yields after fallow were greater than yields of second or third crop, but greatest production per hectare per year was obtained by continuous cropping. Barn manure applications reduced the rate of decline of soil organic matter and nitrogen, and increased crop yields. Application of monoammonium phosphate did not affect soil organic matter or nitrogen, but increased yields slightly.Barley produced the most grain, oats second and wheat the least when they were grown in continuous monoculture for 37 years.
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM ANNUAL ADDITIONS OF VARIOUS ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON THE ORGANIC MATTER OF A CLAY AND A SAND
Authors: Sowden F. J. , Atkinson H. J.
Published: March 2010

Annual additions of green rye, straw, alfalfa, leaves, peat, muck and manure to an Uplands sand and a Rideau clay soil under field conditions were made for a 20-year period. With the Rideau clay there was a loss of organic matter on the control and rye plots; most of the loss with the control plot was in the first 10 years. The additions of straw, alfalfa, leaves and manure maintained the carbon level. Only the peat and muck treatments increased the organic matter, all the increase taking place in the first 10 years. With the Uplands sand the carbon decreased on the control, but all other treatments increased the carbon content. These effects were largest with the peat and muck and took place in the first 10 years.In general, the pyrophosphate solubility and acriflavine adsorption capacity of the soil organic matter were related to their carbon contents. Dehydrogenase activity did not appear to be related to organic matter. Oxygen uptake, in a Warburg respirometer, was lowest with the samples from the control plots from both soils. After drying and rewetting of the soils, a second Warburg test showed that the oxygen uptake was at a lower level.
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM ANNUAL ADDITIONS OF VARIOUS ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON THE NITROGENOUS COMPONENTS OF A CLAY AND A SAND
Authors: Sowden F. J.
Published: March 2010

The percentages of the total-N represented by the acid-soluble-N, amino acid-N, ammonia-N and amino sugar-N were similar in both soils and were only slightly, if at all, affected by the additions of the amendments. The amino acids commonly found in proteins were present in all the samples although the amounts of cystine and methionine were quite small. In addition, ornithine, cysteic acid, methionine sulfoxide, α-ε-diaminopimelic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid were found in all the samples; only ornithine was found in more than trace amounts. Hydroxyproline was found in all the clay plots but only in the rye-treated plot in the sand. Glucosamine and galactosamine were found in all the samples analyzed.Although the amendments added differed both in the total amount of amino acid and in their molar ratios, the soil material was quite uniform in its amino acid content. Glycine and aspartic acid tended to be higher and isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and arginine lower in the soil than in the amendments added, where information on the composition of the amendments made comparison possible. The muck-treated plots were an exception, but the muck added was similar to soil material in its amino acid composition.
DETERMINATION OF ASPARAGINE, GLUTAMINE AND CITRULLINE IN AQUEOUS SOIL EXTRACTS WITH AN AUTOMATIC AMINO ACID ANALYZER
Authors: Sowden F. J. , Ivarson K. C.
Published: March 2010

A system of separating asparagine, glutamine and citrulline from each other and from the other common amino acids, using lithium buffers and the Technicon amino acid analyzer and C2 resin in a 0.63 × 75-cm column, is described. The column was operated with a buffer flow rate of 37 ml/hour at 30 °C for the first 70 min, then at 50 °C. The buffer was 0.067 M in lithium citrate and adjusted to a pH of 2.80; 2% isopropanol was added to improve the separation of threonine and serine. The analysis was complete through citrulline in 4 hours. If a second buffer, pH 4.15, 0.25 N in lithium was added after 3.5 hours, most of the common acidic and neutral amino acids found in soil extracts were separated in 6 hours. Some data on the determination of asparagine and glutamine by amide hydrolysis is included.
AGE OF THE TANTRAMAR MARSH, NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Langmaid K. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
CALCIUM RELEASE FROM 11 MINERALS OF FINE-SAND SIZE BY DILUTE SULFURIC ACID
Authors: Burger D.
Published: March 2010

Equal volumes of 11 freshly-ground minerals of fine-sand size were weathered with dilute H2SO4 during 18 successive weekly periods. For most minerals an “early-weathered" and a "semi-weathered" stage were recognized in curves for calcium release, pH and conductivity. The semi-weathered stage provides a more correct basis for comparing calcium release among minerals than the early-weathered stage. Semi-weathered minerals released calcium in order of decreasing rates as follows: calcite, dolomite, apatite, bytownite, diopside, grossularite, labradorite, augite, hornblende, oligoclase and albite. Release of calcium is related to calcium content and structure of minerals.
EFFECT OF SURFACE-APPLIED LIMESTONE AND SUPERPHOSPHATE ON HERBAGE PRODUCTION AND ON SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A DYKELAND SOIL
Authors: Bishop R. F. , MacEachern C. R. , MacLeod L. B. , Jackson L. P.
Published: March 2010

In a 5-year field experiment, surface applications of dolomitic limestone and 20% superphosphate produced significant changes in certain chemical properties of dykeland soil and in herbage yields. Gypsum in the superphosphate was responsible for some of the changes in the soil's chemical properties, and P, but not limestone, was responsible for yield increases.
SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES AFFECTED BY SATURATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Schaik J. C. van , Laliberte G. E.
Published: March 2010

Properties characterizing the hydraulic behavior of three soils were determined from drainage cycle tests using samples wetted with core test fluid by three saturation techniques: saturation under vacuum, saturation from below at atmospheric pressure and saturation from above at atmospheric pressure. Saturated permeability and pore-size distribution index were notably less for samples saturated at atmospheric pressure than for the vacuum-saturated samples. Bubbling pressure and residual saturation, on the other hand, were not affected by saturation technique. The observed dependence of saturated permeability and pore-size distribution index on saturation technique was attributed to the effect of entrapped air. In the modeling of field problems, determining the hydraulic properties of soils wetted at atmospheric pressure is advised.
THE MANGANESE STATUS OF SOME ALBERTA SOILS
Authors: Reid A. S. J. , Webster G. R.
Published: March 2010

Four Mn fractions were determined for profiles of five soils from Alberta and two from Ontario. Data are presented which suggest there is no close correlation between total Mn content of these soils and the absence of gray speck in oats. Leeper's original postulation of quinol-soluble Mn being a good criterion of availability was supported. The results indicate that Mn deficiency in Alberta soils is spotty and widespread, and marked changes in Mn content were observed over short distances even within the same soil type. Distribution of total Mn throughout the various profiles with the exception of the organic profiles followed commonly observed patterns reported by Leeper. The amount of quinol-soluble Mn in the profiles studied varied from 30% to less than 1% of the total Mn.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A NATURAL SOIL LEACHATE FROM A HUMIC PODZOL
Authors: Schnitzer M. , Desjardins J. G.
Published: March 2010

A leachate, collected in the field in a lysimeter placed between the Ae and Bhf horizon of a Humic Podzol in Newfoundland, was analyzed by chemical and spectroscopic methods.About 87% of the dry, ash-free weight of the leachate was fulvic acid, the remainder consisting mainly of polysaccharides and nitrogenous compounds. A comparison of the analytical characteristics of the purified leachate with those of extracted and purified Podzol Bh fulvic acid showed that the main structural features of the two materials were very similar. Judging from its high contents of oxygen-containing functional groups and from its water solubility, the organic matter in the leachate had all the characteristics of an efficient metal–complexing agent, capable of playing a significant role in metal–organic matter interactions in soils.An organic matter–silica sediment was isolated from the leachate, consisting of 47.6% organic matter and of 52.4% of almost pure SiO2∙nH2O. The organic matter in the sediment accounted for about 10% of the organic matter in the leachate. The isolation of the sediment suggests that investigations on interactions between compounds of silicon and humic substances deserve greater attention than they have so far received.
EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL SILICA ON MEAN WEIGHT DIAMETER OF SOIL AGGREGATES
Authors: Saini G R
Published: March 2010

not available
OXALATE-EXTRACTABLE Al AS A CRITERION FOR IDENTIFYING PODZOL B HORIZONS
Authors: McKeague J. A. , Day J. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
OBSERVED AND ESTIMATED SEASONAL SOIL WATER VARIATIONS UNDER NONIRRIGATED SOD
Authors: Baier W.
Published: March 2010

Variations of soil water content under nonirrigated sod at Ottawa during 10 seasons were analyzed using 5-day means of daily resistance readings from Colman units. A meteorological water budget making use of standard climatic data and accounting for physical properties of the soil provided estimates of soil water which resembled the measured values. The coefficient of determination for 5-day means of observed soil water, correlated with the estimates, varied from 0.34 in a wet season to 0.84 in a dry season, and was 0.73 over the whole 10-year period. Standard errors of estimates were between 4 and 25% of the seasonal mean of available soil moisture, and 15% for the total period. It was concluded that, for climatic and soil classification purposes, estimates from this meteorological budgeting technique are sufficiently accurate to be used for interpreting plant–soil–water interactions over past periods, for which climatological but not soil water observations are available.
RESIDUAL EFFECTS FROM FERTILIZER ON NATIVE RANGE IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Read D. W. L.
Published: March 2010

Residual effects of fertilizer on native grassland throughout southwestern Saskatchewan persisted for six years or more, and were more important than the initial response. These residual effects resulted in yield increases and in increased phosphorus content of the forage. The sodium bicarbonate-extractable (available) phosphorus in the soil was increased by the use of phosphatic fertilizer; this increase persisted for six years after fertilizer application. The correlation coefficients between yield response and measured soil properties were not high for any of the measurements. The yield response was more closely related to the amounts of available N in the soil, the pH, and the texture than to the other soil and plant measurements. Responses were greatest on medium-textured soils, low in fertility and with a pH above 7.
ASPECTS OF INFRARED SPECTRA OF HUMIC ACIDS IN RELATION TO METHODS OF PREPARATION
Authors: Lowe L. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF APPLIED MANGANESE, SULFUR, AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE MANGANESE CONTENT OF OATS AND FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: Elliot J. M.
Published: March 2010

Two foliar applications of 6.00 or 9.00 kg/ha of MnSO4 (from MnSO4∙H2O) on flue-cured tobacco, grown on a Fox sandy loam low in available Mn, increased the Mn content of green and cured leaves but did not affect the levels of Fe and Cu.In greenhouse experiments with the same soil, applications of 120 kg/ha MnSO4, with and without S or superphosphate, raised the Mn content of oats and leaves and stalks of tobacco. Sulfur applied at 1122 kg/ha, with or without MnSO4, raised the Mn content of oats and tobacco and lowered the pH of the soil. Applications of 978 kg/ha P (from 20% superphosphate), with or without MnSO4, lowered the soil pH and increased the Mn content of oats; in conjunction with the high, rate of MnSO4, applied P raised the Mn content of tobacco stalks and top leaves. Apparently the enhancement of Mn uptake by the application of S or superphosphate is due to the decrease in soil pH.
SNOW COVER EFFECT ON THE ERODIBLE SOIL FRACTION
Authors: Anderson C. H. , Bisal Frederick
Published: March 2010

The effect of snow cover on the overwinter breakdown of medium-textured soils in southwestern Saskatchewan was studied during the winter of 1967–1968. Where a continuous snow cover was provided artificially (with snow fencing), there was a decline in the percentage of soil particles < 1 mm in diameter from October to April, with a marked drop from February to March when the snowmelt was high. The percentage of fine soil aggregates in the unprotected field depended upon the amount of natural snow cover and the moistening effect of snowmelt which occurred from time to time. Where a snow cover was prevented artificially, surface drying occurred and the exposed soil layer became highly erosive, particularly during February and March when air temperatures fluctuated widely. The fact that this occurred on treatments where air circulation was permitted and not under polyethylene cover is interpreted as evidence of the importance of water loss by sublimation iii the process of deaggregation.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON YIELDS AND NUTRIENT LEVELS IN LAMINAE AND PETIOLES OF PICKLING CUCUMBERS
Authors: Bishop R. F. , Chipman E. W. , MacEachern C. R.
Published: March 2010

Fertilizer trials with pickling cucumbers were conducted at four locations during a 3-year period. The effect of applied fertilizers on trends in the nutrient percentages in laminae and petioles was generally similar at all locations, although percentages varied with treatments and locations. Furthermore, when the percentage of a nutrient in the lamina was expressed as a ratio of the percentage in the petiole, values for any one nutrient were relatively constant. Yield response to applied fertilizers showed P to be of greater relative importance than N or K and indicated that N and P at approximately 50 and 100 kg/ha, respectively, should be generally adequate. On the basis of other studies elsewhere, K at 50 kg/ha is recommended.
PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT IN SOME CALCAREOUS AND NONCALCAREOUS MANITOBA SOILS
Authors: Lewis E. T. , Racz G. J.
Published: March 2010

The extent of movement of phosphorus from the application site of P-32 labelled monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate pellets was investigated. The rate of movement of phosphorus from a monoammonium phosphate pellet was also studied. The extent of phosphorus movement from a monoamnionium phosphate pellet was greater than that from a diammonium phosphate pellet. This observation was more noticeable in the calcareous soils than in the noncalcareous soils. The extent of phosphorus movement was greater in noncalcareous soils than in calcareous soils for both sources of phosphorus when added as a pellet. The rate of movement of phosphorus was also more rapid in noncalcareous soils than in calcareous soils.It is most likely that the high pH and large amounts of calcium and magnesium found in the soil solutions of the calcareous soils resulted in a rapid precipitation of the added phosphorus very close to the pellet site. Thus, the rate and extent of phosphorus movement in the calcareous soils was restricted more than in the noncalcareous soils, which had a lower pH and contained smaller amounts of calcium and magnesium in the soil solution.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON CESIUM-137 IN SOILS AND ITS UPTAKE BY OAT PLANTS
Authors: Evans E. J. , Dekker A. J.
Published: March 2010

In an experiment designed to show the effects of time of addition of NH4 relative to Cs-137 and of NH, compared with NO3, the results showed conclusively that NH4 caused higher Cs-137 concentrations in oats than did the NO3 form of N at low soil K contents. The results were less conclusive for soils to which K had been applied. When NH4 was applied before Cs-137, in most instances the Cs-137 concentration was higher than when Cs was applied before NH4 without added K. When K was added, however, the trends were for the most part the reverse. Thus NH4, K and Cs-137 in the soil interact for sites on the soil exchange complex and the amount of Cs-137 taken up by the plant is a function of this interaction.Liming of one acid soil consistently increased the Cs-137 concentration and uptake, whereas in another acid soil the effects of liming were less consistent.
CHARACTERIZATION OF MODEL AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER METAL-PHOSPHATE COMPLEXES
Authors: Lévesque M.
Published: March 2010

Fulvic acid–metal–phosphate complexes prepared in the laboratory and corresponding complexes extracted (0.1 N NaOH and chelating resin) from a soil were characterized by means of electrophoresis, Sephadex gel filtration, and methods for differentiation of organic and inorganic phosphorus. The findings can be summarized as follows:(1) The prepared material in aqueous solution (after purification by dialysis) comprised three different entities: a fulvic acid–metal–phosphate complex, a fulvic acid–metal complex, and unbonded inorganic phosphate. These entities were reaction products obtained during the formation of fulvic acid–metal–phosphate complexes.(2) Upon hydrolysis in mild alkaline media, the metal–phosphate bonds of the fulvic acid–metal–phosphate complexes were broken; the fulvic acid–metal complexes, freed from the phosphate, remained intact.(3) While metal ions were necessary for bridging phosphorus and fulvic acid, phosphorus in turn may have bridged the fulvic acid–metal units.(4) Significant amounts of complexed inorganic phosphorus were found intermixed with organic phosphorus compounds in soil extracts; this suggested the existence of organic matter metal–phosphate complexes in soil.
BASIC ALUMINUM SULFATE FORMED AS A METASTABLE PHASE AND ITS TRANSFORMATION TO GIBBSITE
Authors: Singh S. Shah
Published: March 2010

The metascable nature of basic aluminum sulfate with respect to gibbsite in the systems used is shown in two-dimensional diagrams. When the ion-activity product (H)2(SO4) is less than 10−9.3, the basic aluminum sulfate is metastable with respect to gibbsite, which was the case in the systems investigated. Seeding these systems with gibbsite induced the dissolution of basic aluminum sulfate and growth of gibbsite crystals took place. The SO4 ions did not diffuse out of basaluminite when it was suspended in H2O.
AN EVALUATION OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (P.E.G.) 6000 AND P.E.G. 20,000 IN THE OSMOTIC CONTROL OF SOIL WATER MATRIC POTENTIAL
Authors: Williams John , Shaykewich C. F.
Published: March 2010

An evaluation of polyethylene glycol (P.E.G.) 6000 and P.E.G. 20,000 in the osmotic control of soil water matric potential was conducted using the pressure membrane as a standard. Results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the three methods at four matric potentials between −0.51 and −15.3 atmospheres. Hence, either P.E.G. 6000 or P.E.G. 20,000 can be used satisfactorily in the osmotic control of soil water matric potential.
MOISTURE BALANCE IN SOILS OF THE EDMONTON AREA
Authors: Verma T. R. , Toogood J. A.
Published: March 2010

Estimated moisture deficits for the period from May to September were calculated for 22 soil types in the Edmonton area. These included the major soils and covered a wide range of textures. Total available water capacities to a depth of 122 cm ranged from 5 to 30 cm. Potential evapotranspiration values were calculated, using the Penman method, from available meteorological data. Actual evapotranspiration was estimated and the deficits determined. These were found to vary for any one particular soil type according to its location in the area. Coarse-textured soils had deficits in the 8- to 12-cm range, medium-textured soils in the 3.5- to 7-cm range, and fine-textured soils in the 2- to 5.5-cm range.
SULFUR IN PRECIPITATION IN CENTRAL ALBERTA
Authors: Walker D. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
METHOD FOR REGULATED SOIL LEACHING
Authors: Heringa P. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
MIGRATION OF SOLUBLE SALTS IN AN IRRIGATED FIELD IN RELATION TO RAINFALL AND IRRIGATION
Authors: GRAVELAND D. N.
Published: March 2010

A saline sodic soil with a fluctuating water table was sampled once a week during the growing season and once every ten days until January to study the migration of soluble salts. The area, which was in pasture, was irrigated three times during the summer. The changes in soluble salt concentration were compared with the precipitation records, soil moisture content and water table levels. During the growing season, the soluble salt content varied over 100% and had an inverse relationship with moisture content.
NATURE OF CARBONATE MINERALS IN TWO SASKATCHEWAN SOILS
Authors: ROSTAD H. P. W. , ST. ARNAUD R. J.
Published: March 2010

The nature and distribution of carbonate minerals in selected Chernozemic soils was investigated. Soil from the Bmk, Cca and Ck horizons of two profiles was fractionated into various size fractions. Total carbonates, calcite and dolomite were determined on each fraction. The silt fraction of both parent materials was high in carbonate minerals which were primarily dolomite. The clay and fine silt fractions of the carbonate accumulation layers were high in calcite. It was evident that secondary carbonate accumulates as calcite of clay and fine silt sizes. There appeared to be periodic removal and accumulation of carbonates in the Bmk horizon, as it was low in dolomite but relatively high in calcite.
SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES DETERMINED WITH WATER AND WITH A HYDROCARBON LIQUID
Authors: SCHAIK J. C. VAN
Published: March 2010

Hydraulic properties of three soils were compared using either water or a hydrocarbon oil as the wetting fluid. Equations relating various properties for oil were also valid for water when appropriate values for water were used. As differences in saturated permeability were not consistent, a direct transfer of data obtained with oil to those of water was not possible. The relative permeability for both fluids showed better agreement because bubbling pressures were similar. However, the pore-size distribution index for water was somewhat lower than that for oil.
ASPECTS OF INFRARED SPECTRA OF HUMIC ACIDS IN RELATION TO METHODS OF PREPARATION: A REPLY
Authors: Dormaar J. F.
Published: March 2010

not available
RELATIONSHIP OF ROOT EXTENSION TO THE SOIL MOISTURE LEVEL REQUIRED FOR MAXIMUM YIELD OF POTATOES, TOMATOES AND CORN
Authors: Fulton J. M.
Published: March 2010

not available
TEMPORAL AND VECTORIAL REACTIONS OF NITROGEN IN SOIL: A REVIEW
Authors: McLaren A. DOUGLAS
Published: March 2010

Some features of enzyme activities and microbial growth kinetics are reviewed and applied to sequential biochemical reactions in soil. Transformations of some soluble nitrogen compounds are discussed in terms of time of fluid flow downward in soil and a mathematical model is analyzed in such a way as to predict concentration-depth profiles of urea, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The intermediate compounds tend to reach maximal amounts in the profile whereas urea declines and nitrate, in the absence of denitrification, accumulates with depth. Although the model is general, it is limited to fallow soils or to laboratory soil columns. Nevertheless, the model suggests that much more needs to be learned about the influence of microenvironments on soil microbes and soil metabolism before any realistic analysis of dynamic profiles can be achieved.
GEOGRAPHIC ZONATION IN SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE MINERAL HORIZONS IN ALBERTA SOILS
Authors: DUMANSKI J. , NEWTON R. , LINDSAY J. D.
Published: March 2010

The high degree of variability peculiar to analytical soil survey data has generally precluded its systematic characterization. This paper deals with the application of the Statistical Prediction Technique to such data and contains eight contour maps of surface mineral horizons to illustrate the results. In addition, significant correlation coefficients between properties of the A horizons are included. It is expected that information yielded by this approach would be useful for soil utilization and for field mapping.
AVAILABILITY OF REACTION PRODUCTS OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS TO ALFALFA AND BROMEGRASS SEEDLINGS
Authors: MASSEY D. LAWRENCE , SHEARD R. W. , MILLER M. H.
Published: March 2010

Increasing the period of contact of 32P-labelled Ca(H2PO4)2 fertilizer with an alkaline soil at rates of 35 and 70 μg P/g soil before planting alfalfa and bromegrass decreased the dry matter yield and uptake of fertilizer P by the plants at five weeks. Fractionation of the soil P, according to Chang and Jackson, showed that 50% of the applied P accumulated in the NH4-F soluble fraction and 30% in the NaOH-soluble fraction. Less than 6% was recovered in the H2SO4-soluble fraction. Uptake of fertilizer P by alfalfa and brome-grass was negatively correlated with the NaOH-soluble fraction whereas the uptake by alfalfa was positively associated with the NH4Cl-soluble fraction.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC MATTER EXTRACTED FROM PODZOL B HORIZONS
Authors: SCHNITZER M.
Published: March 2010

Organic matter was extracted from Podzol B horizons from nine different sites and analyzed by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The biological activity of each extract was also assessed. After purification, all extracts, which represented between 31 and 56% of the organic matter in the original soil samples, were soluble in base, acid and water, which classified them as fulvic acids. The chemical and spectroscopic data for the nine fulvic acids indicated great similarities in gross structural features and functional groups. As could be judged from the E4/E6 ratios, the acids contained few condensed ring structures. All fulvic acids contained stable free radicals and increased root initiation in bean stem segments. While the free radical content of the fulvic acids did not correlate statistically with their ability to increase root initiation, this aspect merits further investigation. The high acidity, the predominance of COOH groups and the water solubility exhibited by all fulvic acid preparations point to a significant role of these materials not only in soils and waters but also within plants.
RESIDUAL EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION ON SOIL pH AND LIME REQUIREMENTS OF A BROOKSTON CLAY
Authors: Bolton E. F. , Aylesworth J. W. , Findlay W. I.
Published: March 2010

not available
CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT OF ORTHOPHOSPHATE (P-31 AND P-32) IN SEVERAL MANITOBA SOILS
Authors: CHO C. M. , STRONG J. , RACZ G. J.
Published: March 2010

The convective transport of 31P and 32P in three soils was investigated using elution and miscible displacement techniques. The rate of movement of both 31P and 32P compared with that of water was greatly retarded by soil-phosphorus interactions; the retardation of movement increased with increasing rates of phosphate fixation of the soils. The rate of 31P and 32P movement in soil was influenced by the mode of phosphate application. The rate measured by pulse input was greater than that measured by continuous input. The rate of 31P movement was invariably greater than that of 32P. Also, the specific activity of the effluent obtained from soil columns was different from the specific activity of the phosphate solution added, particularly at the start of elution. The change in specific activity and the slower rate of 32P movement than that of 31P was attributed to exchange of 32P with soil phosphate. It is suggested that isotopes such as 32P, which can exchange with their unlabeled form in the medium, cannot be used to determine accurately the movement of ions in media such as soils.
CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A PODZOL SOIL WITH FRAGIPAN DERIVED FROM GLACIAL TILL IN THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC
Authors: KIMPE C. De
Published: March 2010

From chemical analyses performed on an Arago profile, it met the requirements of the Podzol order, except for exchange properties. The cation exchange capacity was low and the ΔCEC never reached the limit of 8 meq/100 g. Qualitative and quantitative mineralogical analyses showed that illite was the predominant component of the fine fraction throughout the profile. Weathering from non-expanding 2:1 minerals to expanding ones occurred in the upper horizons. Two types of clay mineral interstratification were observed. The first type, present in the whole profile, was a randomly interstratified illite-montmorillonite complex. The second was a mixed-layer mineral formed by chlorite and vermiculite. It was found mainly in the fragipan and, to a lesser extent, in the parent material. From the mineral distribution, the pan firmness was not necessarily related to the presence of illite.
EFFECTS OF HEATING AND INSULATING SOIL ON CORN GROWTH
Authors: KETCHESON J. W.
Published: March 2010

Interacting effects of controlled heat from electric heating cables 15 cm below the surface and of polystyrene insulation on the soil surface were studied over four seasons on an imperfectly drained outwash soil at Guelph, Canada. Heating to 22 C advanced germination of corn (Zea mays L.) by three days, improved emergence, advanced growth and increased yield at maturity. Insulation retarded germination, early growth and silking, but increased yields in three of the four years. Where heating decreased ear moisture content at harvest, insulation increased it. Heat combined with insulation gave the greatest response in growth, advance in silking, and increase in yield. The season with favorable soil temperature combined with low air temperature gave the highest yield of the four years. Fertilizer banded near the seed at planting advanced development and increased yields, but did not produce a statistically significant interacting effect with heat and insulation. However, fertilizer phosphorus uptake early in the season was markedly increased by heat and insulation. It was concluded that insulation can favor yield, provided that soil temperature is maintained near optimum.
EFFECTS OF SOIL WATER MOVEMENT ON ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATED FROM THE SOIL MOISTURE BUDGET
Authors: ROUSE WAYNE R.
Published: March 2010

Actual evapotranspiration was estimated from the soil moisture budget for a grass-covered sandy loam soil at Simcoe, Ontario. Soil moisture was measured at 25 sites distributed over a 6-meter-square grid. The coefficient of variation for actual evapotranspiration estimated at all sites averaged 13% and rose as high as 19%. Average actual evapotranspiration exceeded both the Penman and Thornthwaite estimates of potential evapotranspiration for three of the six measuring intervals, due to deep seepage losses. The application of corrections for the vertical water movement, determined from experimentally derived matric suction and hydraulic conductivity data, gave a substantial deep seepage loss for some periods and a capillary uptake of soil water for others. Vertical losses and gains created errors of up to + 28 and − 29%, respectively, in the standard estimates of actual evapotranspiration. The large spatial variations in evapotranspiration estimates resulted from variations in volumetric soil moisture between sample points, apparently creating differences in the magnitude and direction of vertical water movement across the terminal depth. The horizontal flux of water between measuring points was relatively unimportant in accounting for the spatial variations.
DISTRIBUTION OF A GREEN HUMIC ACID COMPONENT IN FOREST HUMUS LAYERS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Lowe L. E. , Tsang W-C.
Published: March 2010

not available
SEPARATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN ALKALI HYDROLYSATES OF A FOREST SOIL BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Li C. Y. , Lu K. C. , Trappe J. M. , Bollen W. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
A SIMPLE AUTOMATIC WATERER FOR GROWTH ROOM OR GREENHOUSE
Authors: Stevenson D. S. , Munn D. M.
Published: March 2010

not available
RESPONSE OF SPRING WHEAT AND BARLEY TO NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM
Authors: BISHOP R. F. , MacEACHERN C. R.
Published: March 2010

Fertilizer trials with spring wheat and barley were conducted at a total of seven and nine locations, respectively, during a three-year period. Treatments consisted of three rates of N, of P and of K in all possible combinations. Although the soils varied in their chemical properties, grain yields increased with the second increment of N in some years and the crude protein content of the grain increased with the third increment in all years. Grain yields were not increased by the second increment of either P or K. Although the effects of increasing rates of N, P and K on the levels of these nutrients in plant tissue were predominantly linear, increases in N levels were of much greater magnitude than increases in either P or K levels. The results indicate that N, P and K at approximately 135, 39 and 37 kg/ha, respectively, should be generally adequate.