bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical and histologic evaluation of the effects of underwater treadmill exercise on horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis of the middle carpal joint
Authors: King Melissa R. , Haussler Kevin K. , Kawcak Chris E. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Reiser Raoul F. , Frisbie David D. , Werpy Natasha M.
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of exercise in an underwater treadmill (UWT) on forelimb biomechanics and articular histologic outcomes in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis of the middle carpal joint.

ANIMALS 16 horses.

PROCEDURES An osteochondral fragment was induced arthroscopically (day 0) in 1 middle carpal joint of each horse. Beginning on day 15, horses were assigned to exercise in a UWT or in the UWT without water (simulating controlled hand walking) at the same speed, frequency, and duration. Thoracic and pelvic limb ground reaction forces, thoracic limb kinematics, and electromyographic results for select thoracic limb muscles acting on the carpi were collected on days -7 (baseline), 14, 42, and 70. Weekly evaluations included clinical assessments of lameness, response to carpal joint flexion, and goniometric measurements of thoracic limb articulations. At study conclusion, articular cartilage and synovial membrane from the middle carpal joints was histologically examined.

RESULTS Exercise in a UWT significantly reduced synovial membrane inflammation and resulted in significant clinical improvements with regard to symmetric thoracic limb loading, uniform activation patterns of select thoracic limb muscles, and return to baseline values for carpal joint flexion, compared with results for horses with simulated hand walking.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall improvements in thoracic limb function, joint range of motion, and synovial membrane integrity indicated that exercise in a UWT was a potentially viable therapeutic option for the management of carpal joint osteoarthritis in horses.
Ex vivo biomechanical evaluation of pigeon (Columba livia) cadaver intact humeri and ostectomized humeri stabilized with caudally applied titanium locking plate or stainless steel nonlocking plate constructs
Authors: Darrow Brett G. , Biskup Jeffrey J. , Weigel Joseph P. , Jones Michael P. , Xie Xie , Liaw Peter K. , Tharpe Josh L. , Sharma Aashish , Penumadu Dayakar
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate mechanical properties of pigeon (Columba livia) cadaver intact humeri versus ostectomized humeri stabilized with a locking or nonlocking plate.

SAMPLE 30 humeri from pigeon cadavers.

PROCEDURES Specimens were allocated into 3 groups and tested in bending and torsion. Results for intact pigeon humeri were compared with results for ostectomized humeri repaired with a titanium 1.6-mm screw locking plate or a stainless steel 1.5-mm dynamic compression plate; the ostectomized humeri mimicked a fracture in a thin cortical bone. Locking plates were secured with locking screws (2 bicortical and 4 monocortical), and nonlocking plates were secured with bicortical nonlocking screws. Constructs were cyclically tested nondestructively in 4-point bending and then tested to failure in bending. A second set of constructs were cyclically tested non-destructively and then to failure in torsion. Stiffness, strength, and strain energy of each construct were compared.

RESULTS Intact specimens were stiffer and stronger than the repair groups for all testing methods, except for nonlocking constructs, which were significantly stiffer than intact specimens under cyclic bending. Intact bones had significantly higher strain energies than locking plates in both bending and torsion. Locking and nonlocking plates were of equal strength and strain energy, but not stiffness, in bending and were of equal strength, stiffness, and strain energy in torsion.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results for this study suggested that increased torsional strength may be needed before bone plate repair can be considered as the sole fixation method for avian species.
Distribution of T-cell markers CD4 and CD8α in lymphoid organs of healthy newborn, juvenile, and adult highland-plateau yaks
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yang Kun , Huang Yufeng , He Junfeng , Yu Sijiu , Cui Yan
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of T-cell markers (CD4 and CD8α) in lymphoid organs of newborn, juvenile, and adult yaks.

ANIMALS: 15 healthy male yaks of various ages from highland plateaus.

PROCEDURES: Yaks were allocated to groups on the basis of age (newborn [1 to 7 days old; n = 5], juvenile [5 to 7 months old; 5], and adult [3 to 4 years old; 5]). The thymus, spleen, 5 mesenteric lymph nodes, and 5 hemal nodes were harvested from each yak within 10 minutes after euthanasia. Morphological characteristics of those lymphoid organs were assessed by histologic examination; expression of CD4 and CD8α mRNAs and proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR assay and immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTS: Among the lymphoid organs evaluated, expressions of CD4 and CD8α mRNAs were highest in the thymus in all age groups. In newborn lymphoid organs, CD4 mRNA expression and CD4+ cell distribution were more predominant, whereas in juvenile and adult lymphoid organs, CD8α mRNA expression and CD8α+ cell distribution were more predominant. The CD4+ and CD8α+ cells were mainly located in the cortex and medulla of the thymus, the medulla of the hemal nodes and mesenteric lymph nodes, the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, and the red pulp of the spleen.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that the CD4 mRNA expression and CD4+ T-cell distribution in yak lymphoid organs decreased and CD8α mRNA expression and CD8α+ T-cell distribution increased with age. Moreover, CD8α+ cells were present in the follicles of yaks’ secondary lymphoid organs, which differs from findings for other mammals.
Characterization of long-term elution of platinum from carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads in vitro by two distinct sample collection methods
Authors: Tulipan Rachel J. , Phillips Heidi , Garrett Laura D. , Dirikolu Levent , Mitchell Mark A.
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To characterize long-term elution of platinum from carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CI-CSH) beads in vitro by comparing 2 distinct sample collection methods designed to mimic 2 in vivo environments.

SAMPLES 162 CI-CSH beads containing 4.6 mg of carboplatin (2.4 mg of platinum/bead).

PROCEDURES For method 1, which mimicked an in vivo environment with rapid and complete fluid exchange, each of 3 plastic 10-mL conical tubes contained 3 CI-CSH beads and 5 mL of PBS solution. Eluent samples were obtained by evacuation of all fluid at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22, 26, and 30 days. Five milliliters of fresh PBS solution was then added to each tube. For method 2, which mimicked an in vivo environment with no fluid exchange, each of 51 tubes (ie, 3 tubes/17 sample collection times) contained 3 CI-CSH beads and 5 mL of PBS solution. Eluent samples were obtained from the assigned tubes for each time point. All samples were analyzed for platinum content by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry.

RESULTS Platinum was released from CI-CSH beads for 22 to 30 days. Significant differences were found in platinum concentration and percentage of platinum eluted from CI-CSH beads over time for each method. Platinum concentrations and elution percentages in method 2 samples were significantly higher than those of method 1 samples, except for the first hour measurements.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sample collection methods 1 and 2 may provide estimates of the minimum and maximum platinum release, respectively, from CI-CSH beads in vivo.
Evaluation of oxygen administration with a high-flow nasal cannula to clinically normal dogs
Authors: Daly Jennifer L. , Guenther Christine L. , Haggerty Jamie M. , Keir Iain
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oxygen administration by use of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in sedated clinically normal dogs.

ANIMALS 6 healthy adult dogs undergoing routine dental prophylaxis.

PROCEDURES Dogs were sedated with butorphanol tartrate and dexmedetomidine. An esophageal balloon catheter was inserted into the esophagus, a double-pronged nasal cannula was inserted into the nares, and a catheter was inserted into the dorsal pedal artery. Dogs were positioned in right lateral recumbency. After a 6-minute acclimation period, baseline blood gas values and transpulmonary pressure were measured. Dogs then received supplemental oxygen via conventional oxygen therapy (COT) at a rate of 100 mL/kg/min (COT-100 treatment) and an HFNC at a rate of 20 L/min (HF-20 treatment) and 30 L/min (HF-30 treatment). Arterial blood gas and transpulmonary pressure were measured after a 6-minute acclimation period for each oxygen delivery method. Radiographs were obtained before and after oxygen administration to evaluate gastric distension.

RESULTS Median Pao2 was significantly higher for HF-20 (519.9 mm Hg) and HF-30 (538.1 mm Hg) treatments, compared with median Pao2 for the COT-100 treatment (202.9 mm Hg). The Pao2 did not differ significantly between the HF-20 and HF-30 treatments. There was no significant difference in Paco2 or change in transpulmonary pressure between baseline and any oxygen delivery method.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, HFNC appeared to be a safe and effective method for oxygen delivery to sedated healthy dogs. Further studies are needed to evaluate use of HFNCs for oxygen administration to hypoxemic patients.
Perkembangan Religi Prasejarah: Tradisi Masyarakat Gayo.
Authors: Wiradnyana Ketut
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Prehistoric Religion Development: Gayo Communities Tradition. Religion lived out by Gayo communities has been practiced since the prehistoric period. The religion of that period isevidenced from remains of activities, among others from burial remains at Loyang Mendale and Loyang Ujung Karang Sites. Burial patterns and funeral gifts are the most apparent evidences of theexistence of religion concept during the prehistoric period. The process shows a development from simple form to more complex ones, but some aspects of ancient religion can still be found in laterperiods. In an attempt to understand it, identification of archaeological remains in forms of burial remains such as human remains, artifacts, and features are used as the focus of study, and ethnoarchaeological approach will be employed in this study on the concept of religion. Thus, in general it can be said that this attempt to understand religion will use inductive flow, which is part of qualitative research method. Interviews will also be carried out to acquire concepts of ancient religions that are still recognized among the Gayo communities. This method will generate a comprehension on religions from the prehistoric period until nowadays, with ancient conceptions that are still known among contemporary communities. Abstrak. Keberadaan religi pada masyarakat Gayo sudah berlangsung sejak masa prasejarah. Pemahaman religi pada masa itu diketahui dari sisa aktivitas yang di antaranya masih dikenali dari sisa penguburan di Situs Loyang Mendale dan Loyang Ujung Karang. Pola penguburan dan bekal kubur di situs dimaksud merupakan hal yang paling jelas menunjukkan adanya konsep religi di masa Prasejarah. Di dalam prosesnya telah menunjukkan adanya perkembangan dari bentuk yang sederhana ke hal yang lebih kompleks, namun beberapa bagian dari religi lama tampaknya masih dianut hinggake masa-masa kemudian. Untuk memahami perkembangan religi tersebut, maka identifikasi tinggalan arkeologis, baik yang berupa sisa penguburan kerangka manusia, artefak ataupun fitur menjadi pusat kajian. Dalam konsep religi akan dilakukan pendekatan etnoarkeologi, sehingga secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa pemahaman akan religi menggunakan alur induktif yang merupakan bagian dari metode penelitian kualitatif. Sejalan dengan itu dilakukan juga wawancara mendalam dalam upaya mendapatkan konsep-konsep religi lama yang masih dikenal oleh masyarakat Gayo. Metode tersebut akan menghasilkan pemahaman religi dari masa prasejarah hingga kini dan beberapa bagian dari konsepsi lama yang masih dikenal masyarakat dalam konteks religi di masa kini.
Pola Makan Masyarakat Pendukung Budaya Megalitik Besoa, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah.
Authors: Rahayuningsih Restu Ambar
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Dietary Pattern of Megalithic People of Besoa, Poso District, Central Sulawesi. A dietary pattern is consisting of three fundamental elements, that is material feeding, nutrition, andeffect of consuming these foods. The dietary pattern can be seen in the presence of tartar (dental calculus) because there is a food deposit, which can be used to analyze the food material and nutrientcontent. The problem of this article is related to the dietary pattern and illness as a result of the foods being consumed. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct of megalithic people in Besoa, which livedin Poso, Central Sulawesi, based on human teeth found in kalamba No. 28 at the site of Wineki, Besoa Valley. Analysis was carried out to identify starch and nutrients (carbohydrates and proteins) fromthe residue of human teeth, and paleopathology from the teeth. The results indicate that Besoa society in the past consume rice and tubers in different diatery pattern. This differences of dietary patternresulted some dental diseases, such as dental calculus, dental caries, and attrition. Abstrak. Pola makan terdiri dari tiga hal yang mendasar, yaitu bahan makanan, nutrisi, dan efek jikamengkonsumsi makanan tersebut. Pola makan tersebut dapat dilihat pada keberadaan karang gigi (kalkulus) karena terdapat deposit makanan yang dapat digunakan untuk meneliti bahan makanan dan kandungan gizinya. Permasalahan dalam tulisan ini berkaitan dengan pola makan dan penyakit yang ditimbulkan dari bahan makanan yang dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merekonstruksi pola makan manusia pendukung budaya megalitik Besoa yang tinggal di wilayah Poso, Sulawesi Tengah berdasarkan temuan gigi di dalam kalamba nomor 28 di Situs Wineki, Lembah Besoa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis butir pati dan zat gizi dari residu gigi manusia, serta analisis paleopatologi, dari gigi manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Besoa pada masa lalu mengkonsumsi padi dan umbi-umbian sebagai bahan makanan dengan pola makan yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan pola makan tersebut mengakibatkan terjadinya beberapa penyakit gigi, seperti karang gigi, karies gigi, dan atrisi.
Sistem Informasi Arkeologi: Pangkalan Data Berbasis Daring Untuk Perekaman Data Artefak Tembikar Dan Keramik di Kawasan Percandian Muarajambi.
Authors: Pojoh Ingrid H.E. , Sulistyowati Dian , Nugraha Arie , Caesario Dicky
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Archaeological Information System: Network-based Data Resource for Recording Pottery and Ceramic Artifacts Data in Muarajambi Temples. Archaeological data recording activitystill faces many problems related to the accessibility and availability of an integrated data recording system. Database system is one of the many other solutions to solve the problem. Data management and database content-making have shown integration between two different knowledge that created an instrument for data recording based on network, which is a way to communicate where messages are delivered online. For users, this application can be a media for doing research. As for the filler, this database system becomes a data recording instrument which works effectively and efficiently. Forstudents, this database system can also help to increase the analysis ability. This activity focuses on making a network-based database system for pottery and ceramic artifacts from Muarajambi temples. Abstrak. Kegiatan perekaman data arkeologi sampai sekarang masih menjadi permasalahan tersendiri baik dari segi keterbukaan informasi maupun ketersediaan sarana perekaman data yang terintegrasi. Sistem pangkalan data merupakan salah satu pemecahan mengenai permasalahantersebut. Manajemen data dan pembuatan konten pangkalan data menunjukan integrasi dari dua ilmu yang berbeda sehingga dapat menghasilkan suatu instrumen perekaman data berbasis dalam jaringan (daring), yaitu suatu cara berkomunikasi yang penyampaian dan penerimaan pesan dilakukan dengan atau melalui jaringan internet. Untuk pengguna, aplikasi ini dapat berfungsi sebagai wadah untukmelakukan penjajakan dalam rangka melakukan penelitian. Untuk pengisi, pangkalan data ini merupakan salah satu instrumen perekaman data yang dapat menghemat waktu dan tenaga. Untuk mahasiswa, pangkalan data ini juga merupakan sarana pembelajaran untuk mempertajam kemampuananalisis. Kegiatan ini berfokus pada pembuatan sistem pangkalan data berbasis daring untuk temuantemuantembikar dan keramik yang ditemukan di Kawasan Percandian Muarajambi.
Ragam Hias Ular-Naga di Tempat Sakral Periode Jawa Timur*
Authors: Santiko Hariani
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Naga-Snake Ornaments at Sacred Places in East Java Period. Among those archaeological remains from Hindu-Buddhist in East Java period, dated from 8th to 16th centuries, was nagasnakeornament (snake with physical characteristic of a dragon) whether it stands alone or with a garuḍa figure. This ornament was found in temples, sacred bathing sites, and meditation caves. This ornament has not been found in earlier Hindu-Buddhist period in Central Java (early 6th to early 10th centuries). In order to understand the ideas behind this ornament selection, a historical-archaeology method was used based on artefactual and textual data, such as old manuscripts or inscriptions. East-Javanese śilpins used garuḍa and naga snake ornaments to manifest the story of Samudramanthana (Amŗtamanthana) and the story of Garudeya. Both stories tell the churning of the Ksirārnawa by the śura and aśura to get the amŗta (the holy water). This ornament can be found at Jalatunda bathingsite, Kidal temple, and Jabung temple. The preference to use Samudramanthana and Garudeya stories was related with the mythology of the mountain in Hinduism, which is believed as a “ladder” to Gods’ place. A temple is a miniature of Mahameru, the location of amŗta, guarded by the dragon-snake. Abstrak. Tinggalan Arkeologi dari masa Hindu-Buddha di Jawa Timur (abad ke-10-16), di antaranya berupa ragam hias ular-naga (ular dengan ciri-ciri fisik naga) yang digambarkan sendiri, maupun bersama tokoh garuḍa. Ragam hias ular-naga ini ditemukan di kompleks percandian, pemandian suci (patirthan), dan di gua-gua pertapaan. Menarik perhatian adalah, ragam hias jenis ini tidak ditemukan pada kepurbakalaan masa sebelumnya, yaitu masa Hindu-Buddha di Jawa Tengah (abad ke-6 sampai awal abad ke-10). Untuk mengetahui gagasan yang melatari dipilihnya artefak tersebut,akan diterapkan metode arkeologi-sejarah, yaitu metode yang menggunakan data artefaktual dan data tekstual, berupa naskah-naskah atau prasasti. Kemunculan garuḍa bersama ular-naga ini, dikemukakan bahwa para seniman Jawa Kuno menggunakan cerita Samudramanthana (Amŗtamanthana) dan cerita Garuḍeya. Kedua cerita tersebut menceritakan pengambilan dan perebutan air suci amŗta (air suci, air penghidupan) antara dewa (śura) dan aśura. Ragam hias ular-naga terdapat pada Pemandian Jalatunda, Candi Kidal dan Candi Jabung, Candi Panataran, Candi Kedaton dan sebagainya. Dipilihnya cerita Samudramanthana dan Garuḍeya terkait dengan mitologi gunung dalam agama Hindu, yangmerupakan “tangga naik” ke tempat dewa-dewa di puncaknya. Candi adalah bentuk miniatur dari Mahameru tersebut, tempat amŗta yang dijaga oleh ular-naga.
Tambang Batu Bara Oranje Nassau, Kalimantan Selatan, Dalam Pandangan Arkeologi Industri
Authors: Inagurasi Libra Hari
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Oranje Nassau Coal Mine, South Kalimantan, in view Industrial Archaeology. Coal mining activities in Indonesia started in the 19th century. In the paper is presented archaeologicalremains on the site of the oldest coal mine in Indonesia, which is the Oranje Nassau coal mine. The site is located in the village of Pengaron, District Pengaron, Banjar regency, South Kalimantan. Thechronology of the site is 1849 (mid-19th century). Oranje Nassau is a coal mine operated by the Dutch government. When established, the mine occupied the territory of the Sultanate of Banjarmasin. Theintent of this paper is to provide an overview of the early industrial development in Indonesia through the oldest coal mine, Oranje Nassau, while the purpose is to identify the type, function, and therelationship between the remains of coal mines by using the approach of Industrial Archaeology. The method used is descriptive, historical and contextual analyses. The results have been obtained by theidentification of the relics of the ancient coal mine dating from the Dutch East India period. The relics of the coal mine are part of the coal mining activity facilities such as monumental building to put themachine, the coal pit wells, hallways, tunnels, floors made of brick, and iron wheels. Based on the survey results, it is revealed that coal mining is a technology that comes from outside, or technologyimported from Europe, not originated in Indonesia. Abstrak. Aktivitas pertambangan batu bara di Indonesia dimulai pada abad ke-19. Dalam tulisan ini dikemukakan tinggalan arkeologi dari situs tambang batu bara tertua di Indonesia, yakni tambang batu bara Oranje Nassau. Lokasi situs berada di Desa Pengaron, Kecamatan Pengaron, Kabupaten Banjar, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Kronologi situs berasal dari tahun 1849 (abad ke-19). Oranje Nassau merupakan tambang batu bara yang diusahakan oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda.Ketika didirikan, lokasi tambang itu menempati wilayah milik Kesultanan Banjarmasin. Tulisan ini bermaksud memberikan gambaran mengenai awal perkembangan industri di Indonesia melalui tambang batu bara tertua Oranje Nassau. Adapun tujuan tulisan ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis, fungsi, dan hubungan antar tinggalan tambang batu bara dengan menggunakan pendekatan Arkeologi Industri (Industrial Archaeology). Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, historis, dan analisis kontekstual. Hasil yang telah diperoleh yakni teridentifikasinya peninggalan-peninggalan tambangbatu bara kuno berasal dari masa Hindia Belanda. Peninggalan-peninggalan tersebut merupakan fasilitas kegiatan penambangan batu bara seperti bangunan monumental untuk menempatkan mesin, sumur lubang galian batu bara, lorong, terowongan, lantai dibuat dari bahan bata, dan roda besi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tambang batu bara merupakan teknologi yang berasaldari luar atau teknologi yang diimpor dari Eropa, bukan asli Indonesia.
Inskripsi Pernyataan Kematian pada Kompleks Makam Qadhi Jafri, Sosok Ulama dan Ahli Waris Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari.
Authors: Wajidi Wajidi
Published: April 2017

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui riwayat hidup Qadhi Jafri; (2) menggambarkan tata letak Kompleks Makam Qadhi Jafri; (3) mendeskripsikan pernyataan kematian pada Kompleks Makam Qadhi Jafri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang menggabungkan penelitian sejarah dengan pendekatan Arkeologi Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Qadhi Jafri adalah seorang ulama, buyut dari ulama besar Kalimantan, Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari. Kompleks Makam Qadhi Jafri berisi 36 makam yang berada dalam beberapa jirat. Selain makam Qadhi Jafri, tulisan yang berupa pernyataan kematian juga terdapat pada makam mertua Qadhi Jafri, yakni Haji Abdul Aziz (Kiai Demang Wangsa Negara) dan istri, dan makam Haji Muhammad Nur bin Haji Mustafa. Adanya tulisan pernyataan kematian tidak terlepas dari agama Islam serta pemahaman bahwa kematian bukanlah akhir dari kehidupan. Orang yang meninggal tetap hidup, tetapi rohnya berpindah tempat dari alam dunia ke alam barzakh. Abstract. The Inscription of Death Statement on the Burial Complex of Qadi Jafri, The Heir of Islamic Scholar Syekh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari. This study aims to: (1) understand the life history of Qadi Jafri; (2) describe the layout of the burial area of Qadi Jafri; (3) describe the statement of death on the tombs at the burial complex of Qadi Jafri. The researcher uses the descriptive qualitative method, which combines historical research and Islamic archaeology approach. The result shows that the Qadi Jafri was a scholar and great-grandson of the great scholar in Kalimantan, Syekh Muhammad Arsyadal-Banjari. The burial area of Qadi Jafri comprises a total of 36 tombs. Besides om the tomb of Qadi Jafri, the written statement of death are also found the tombs of Qadi Jafri’s father in law, named Haji Abdul Aziz, and his wife, as well as on the tomb of Haji Muhammad Nur bin Haji Mustafa. The written statements of death on the tombs cannot be separated from the professed religion of Islam, which perceived the understanding that deathis not the end of life.
UANG KEPENG DALAM PERSPEKTIF MASYARAKAT HINDU BALI DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Arisanti Nyoman
Published: April 2017

The use of kepeng(chinese coin) in Bali is the result of the mixture of cultures among ethnic Chinese with Balinese ethnic which still survive to this day. This research aims to know the perspectives of Hinduism in Bali for the existence of kepeng and to know the preservation kepeng in the middle of the era of globalization. The theory used in this research is deconstruction, and practice that is used in the eclectic. This research uses qualitative research methods. Data collected by observation, interview and documents tracking. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the Hindu community in Bali has a variety of perspectives regarding the existence of kepeng. Money has meaning religiously because kepeng it closely associated with religious ideology. It also has meaning of economy and mystical meaning for the community. High needs of kepeng cause reproductive effort and innovation to maintain the sustainability. Penggunaan uang kepeng di Bali merupakan hasil percampuran budaya antara etnis Tionghoa dengan etnis Bali yang masih bertahan hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perspektif masyarakat Hindu di Bali terhadap keberadaan uang kepeng dan untuk mengetahui pelestarian uang kepeng di tengah era globalisasi. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori dekonstruksi dan teori praktik yang digunakan secara eklektik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan penelusuran dokumen. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat Hindu di Bali memiliki berbagai perspektif mengenai keberadaan uang kepeng. Uang kepeng memiliki makna religius karena sangat erat kaitannya dengan ideologi agama. Selain itu uang kepeng juga memiliki makna ekonomi dan makna mistis bagi masyarakat. Tingginya kebutuhan uang kepeng menimbulkan upaya reproduksi dan inovasi untuk menjaga kelestarian uang kepeng.
Developing 10 Interesting Games as the Breakthrough of Monotonous Implementation of Flashcards to Vocabulary Learning and Assessments
Authors: Kusuma I Putu Indra , Adnyani Ni Luh Diah Surya , Taharyanti Gusti Ayu Putu
Published: April 2017

Vocabulary learning is the very first instructional process in learning a language. Vocabulary teaching has been becoming the issues of English teaching in Indonesia for years and it raises the opportunities of research on this field. This study belongs to Research & Development study which aims at (1) Describing the media used by teachers in vocabulary learning, (2) The activities implemented during the implementation of the media, and (3) Developing the games which can support the use of the media in vocabulary learning. The subjects in this study were teachers and 100 students of Elementary Schools in Buleleng Sub-district. This study used mixed methods approach where all the data was collected through the implementation of observations, interview, and administering questionnaires. The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that (1) the media used was flashcards, (2) the activity conducted was monotonous, and (3) 10 interesting games were developed. Based on the aforementioned results, it can be concluded that the media used by teachers was flashcards in which the implementation was monotonous. Therefore, 10 interesting games were developed.
Improving Speaking Fluency of The 7th Graders Students Through The Communicative Approach In SMPN 1 Tenggarong
Authors: Irianti Dwi Panria , Muja Ikhwanul Ahsan Faryabi
Published: April 2017

The study was about improving speaking fluency of the students by teaching them using communicative approach. The objective of the study was to find out: 1. How the communicative approach improved the students’ speaking fluency, 2. How the perception of the students about communicative approach.This research was conducted by using CAR (Classroom Action Research). This research had two cycles. There were nine classes of the seventh graders in SMPN 1 Tenggarong. The writers chose one class as the subject that had a middle level ability of speaking English. After the first cycle, the students were given a test. After the scores out, the treatment was applied by the writers. To see whether it was successful or not, the writers themselves gave the post-test. Then the writers did the same thing like on the first cycle for the next cycle. The writers also gave an interview with an open-ended question to find out the students’ perception of communicative approach. The result showed that there was increased in their speaking fluency. In the first cycle, the score was 75,45 and 77,30. In the second cycle, the score was 79,6 and 81,60. Secondly, the perception of the students toward communicative approach showed that the students had a positive relationship with the teacher and the other students and also had a better cooperation in the class. It also showed how the students became more active in the classroom.
Towards New Literacies and Social Justice for Engineering Education
Authors: Cumming-Potvin Wendy Marie , Currie John
Published: April 2017

This paper argues for the need to develop engineering students with high levels of technical competency as well as critical awareness for the realities of working and living ethically in the global community. Drawing on social constructivist principles of learning (Vygotsky, 1978) and a pedagogy of multiliteracies (New London Group, 1996, 2000), the paper explores new approaches for engineering education to meet the challenges embedded in current undergraduate programs and professional accreditation standards. To improve the ability of engineers to contribute to social and environmental justice, there needs to be a rethinking of engineering curriculum and pedagogy to develop engineering literacies that encompass a social and technical focus.
Indigenous Ways of Doing: Synthesizing the Literature on Ethno-Engineering
Authors: Hess Justin L , Strobel Johannes
Published: April 2017

­This paper synthesizes the literature on indigenous ways of doing, what we call ethno-engineering. Indigenous societies have faced countless years of oppression at the hands of Western colonization and assimilation. Western literature on indigenous knowledge is expansive, yet a deliberate focal point on ethno-engineering in indigenous literature is missing. In this paper, we have collected literature on indigenous knowledge and synthesized articles specifically on ethno-engineering, setting the papers in contrast to Western-engineering praxis. Our literature review methods proceeded in two phases. During the first phase we accumulated relevant sources (N=87), compiled these in a database, and coded these with a 10-item coding framework. In the second phase, we sampled literature from the initial database (N=31) and coded these items more extensively using an inductively developed coding scheme. Our intent was to contribute to a starting conversation on indigenous engineering bringing it to forefront of social justice/engineering discourse.
W. Richard Bowen’s Engineering Ethics: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Catalano George D
Published: April 2017

This essay reviews W. Richard Bowen’s 2014 book Engineering Ethics: Challenges and Opportunities.
POEM: I am an Engineer who happens to be a woman who is Black
Authors: Gregory Stacie L
Published: April 2017

A poem about being a black woman in engineering.
Treating Water: Engineering and the Denial of Indigenous Water Rights
Authors: Hnidan Travis
Published: April 2017

In 2011, the Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada released the National Assessment of First Nations Water and Wastewater Systems as prepared by Neegan Burnside Ltd. This assessment has been largely used by government, media, and Indigenous groups to point to the decrepit state of water and wastewater systems on First Nations reserves across the country, and to advance Senate Government Bill S-8 that seeks to improve conditions in these communities. In this article, I provide a critique of the National Assessment to outline its underlying assimilationist ideology and to demonstrate how technical engineering documents can have political implications. Power is wielded by technocratic discourses like engineering and, in this case, respect for Indigenous rights and sovereignty are at stake when so-called “objective” practices reflect institutional power.
Why Don’t More American Indians Become Engineers in South Dakota?
Authors: Kant Joanita M , His Horse Is Thunder Wiyaka , Burckhard Suzette R. , Meyers Richard T.
Published: April 2017

American Indians are among the most under-represented groups in the engineering profession in the United States. With increasing interest in diversity, educators and engineers seek to understand why. Often overlooked is simply asking enrolled tribal members of prime college age, “Why don’t more American Indians become engineers?” and “What would it take to attract more?” In this study, we asked these questions and invited commentary about what is needed to gain more engineers from the perspectives of enrolled tribal members from South Dakota, with some of the most poverty-stricken reservations in the nation. Overall, results indicated that the effects of poverty and the resulting survival mentality among American Indians divert attention from what are understood to be privileged pursuits such as engineering education. The study’s findings indicated American Indian interviewees perceived the need for consistent attention to the following issues: 1) amelioration of poverty; 2) better understanding of what engineering is and its tribal relevancy; 3) exposure to engineering with an American Indian cultural emphasis in K-12 schools; 4) presence of role-model engineers in their daily lives; 5) encouragement and support from their peers, families, teachers, Elders, and tribal governments to value science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, particularly engineering fields; and (6) the embedded perceptions of math as a barrier to engineering studies.
Tree growing practices on farmland: an option for sustaining rural livelihoods
Authors: Das A.N. , Oli B.N.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.11(2) 2001: 8-12
Thinning in natural forests: an experience from Nepalgunj Forest Development Project
Authors: Parajuli D.P. , Amatya S.M.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.11(2) 2001: 42-43
Bamboo growing and its marmet development potential for sustaining rural livelihoods and poverty reduction in eastern Nepal
Authors: Das A.N.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 8-19
Monitoring for good forest governance
Authors: Kanel Keshav R. , Pokharel Bharat K.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 42-48
Local forest and rangeland management system in the hills of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Giridhari S. , Thapa Gopal B.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 54-61
Active versus passive management: issues for sustainable development of community forestry in mid hills of Nepal
Authors: Singh Vijay P.
Published: April 2017

Abstract available on the PDFBanko Janakari Vol.12(1) 2002: 62-70
Does the plant Soma exist?
Authors: Adhikari M.K. , Shrotriya J.N. , Durrieu G.
Published: April 2017

No abstract availableBanko Janakari Vol.13(2) 2003: 54-62
Isolated Mesenteric Tuberculosis
Authors: Ghimire Roshan , Laudari Uttam , Singh Deepak Raj
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Abdominal tuberculosis is common in developing world, and abdominal tuberculosis is most common presentation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. High index of suspicion is needed in patient from endemic area with chronic abdominal pain and constitutional symptom for diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. In abdominal tuberculosis although intestinal, cecal and lymph node involvement are common, isolated mesenteric tuberculosis is rare presentation and very few cases has been reported. Here we are presenting rare case of a young male with isolated mesenteric tuberculosis who presented with abdominal mass.
When New Technology is an Answer for Old Problems: The Use of Videoconferencing in Cognitive Aging Assessment
Authors: Castanho Teresa Costa , Sousa Nuno , Santos Nadine Correia
Published: April 2017

People living with cognitive impairment and dementia require regular screening of their symptomatology and needs. Brief cognitive screening is crucial for assessing these conditions. Such screening can give health professionals a snapshot of the patient’s cognitive abilities and help in their monitoring and adaptation. An appropriate administration of brief cognitive screening using telemedicine technology, such as videoconference, can improve access to care and treatment planning. Moreover, the burden that rural and underserved communities often suffer because of limited access to specialty mental health services is also of concern. Herein, in this review, we describe the existing and relevant research regarding the administration of neuropsychological instruments via videoconferencing, and suggest methodological improvements for further studies. To date, only a handful of scientific studies have been published documenting the feasibility and acceptability of videoconferencing among older people and health professionals. Varying in their assessment tools, the studies demonstrate the reliability of cognitive testing and clinical diagnosis of dementia via videoconferencing, as noted by the associations between results of several cognitive tests using it as compared to face-to-face interviews. Further research is required to replicate findings and bring new solutions for their adaptation to a wide range of individuals, health professionals, areas of practice and settings.
Ankle or knee joint cooling alters countermovement but not squat jump height in healthy collegiate athletes
Authors: Lee Mikyung , Kim Soohyun , Choi Hyun-Min , Park Jihong
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND:

Ankle or knee joint cooling has shown to increase muscle activation in controlled laboratory measurements.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine if a bilateral 20-min lower-extremity joint cooling alters maximal vertical jump heights over time.

METHODS:

Twenty-one healthy male basketball and volleyball players participated in this cross over study. One of three conditions was assigned for each session (ankle or knee joint cooling, or control). Subjects performed three maximal vertical jumps with (countermovement jump: CMJ) and without (squat jump: SJ) using muscle pre-stretching and arm swinging at baseline and after condition (0-, 10-, 20-, and 30-min post). To test joint cooling effects over time, we performed 3 × 5 mixed model ANOVAs and Tukey-Kramer tests.

RESULTS:

Both joint cooling altered CMJ heights (F8,280 = 2.29; p= 0.02). Compared to the baseline measurements, subjects jumped lower after condition (ankle: 4.3 cm; knee: 3.5 cm, p < 0.0001) but their jump heights returned to the baseline levels after 10-min post-joint cooling (p > 0.16). SJ heights did not change at any time interval (F8,280 = 1.67; p = 0.11).

CONCLUSIONS:

Bilateral joint cooling does not produce a facilitatory effect during a high-intensity dynamic movement. Cryotherapy at the lower extremity joints should be done ten minutes before games or practices to avoid a performance deficit in vertical jump heights.
Use of Analgesics (Opioids and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) and Dementia-Related Neuropathology in a Community-Based Autopsy Cohort
Authors: Dublin Sascha , Walker Rod L. , Gray Shelly L. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Anderson Melissa L. , Yu Onchee , Montine Thomas J. , Crane Paul K. , Sonnen Josh A. , Larson Eric B.
Published: April 2017

Background: Opioids may influence the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Some studies have observed AD pathology in the brains of opioid abusers. No study has examined the association between prescription opioid use and dementia-related neuropathologic changes.

Objective: To examine the relationship between prescription opioid or NSAID use and dementia-related neuropathologic changes.

Methods: Within a community-based autopsy cohort (N = 420), we ascertained opioid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use over a 10-year period from automated pharmacy data and calculated total standardized daily doses (TSDDs). A neuropathologist assessed outcomes including neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and macroscopic infarcts. Outcome measures were dichotomized using established cutpoints. We used modified Poisson regression to calculate adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), accounting for participant characteristics and using weighting to account for possible selection bias related to selection into the autopsy sample.

Results: Heavier opioid exposure was not associated with greater neuropathologic changes. For neuritic plaques, the adjusted RR [95% CI] was 0.99 [0.64–1.47] for 91+ TSDDs of opioids versus little to no use, and for neurofibrillary tangles, 0.97 [0.49–1.78]. People with heavy NSAID use had higher risk of neuritic plaques (RR 1.39 [1.01–1.89]) than those with little to no use, as we have previously reported. Neither opioid nor NSAID use was associated with higher risk of macroscopic infarcts or with Lewy body disease.

Conclusion: Prescription opioid use is not associated with dementia-related neuropathologic changes, but heavy NSAID use may be. More research is needed examining chronic pain, its pharmacologic treatments, and neuropathologic changes.
Functional Reserve: Experience Participating in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living is Associated with Gender and Functional Independence in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Berezuk Courtney , Zakzanis Konstantine K. , Ramirez Joel , Ruocco Anthony C. , Edwards Jodi D. , Callahan Brandy L. , Black Sandra E. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2017

Background: Gender differences in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease may be explained by gender differences in IADL involvement.

Objective: We introduce a novel theoretical construct, termed functional reserve, and empirically examine gender differences in IADL experience as a proxy of this reserve.

Methods: We cross-sectionally examined men ( n = 502) and women ( n = 340) with MCI from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Demographic factors, depressive symptoms, neuropsychological scores, and IADL experience were included as independent variables and total Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) scores as the dependent variable. Regression analyses were performed on the full cohort and stratified by gender to identify differential predictive relationships for men and women.

Results: Gender was associated with total FAQ ( p < 0.05) until adjusting for IADL experience. Furthermore, the combination of cognitive measures accounted for the most variance in functional dependence (12% explained, p < 0.001), although IADL experience was the most important single variable (4.8% explained, p < 0.001). Stratification by gender revealed that IADL experience accounted for 6.6% of the variance in FAQ score in men ( p < 0.001) but only 2.4% in women ( p = 0.001); however, the interaction between gender and experience was not statistically significant.

Discussion: A small effect of men showing greater functional dependence in MCI may be explained by lower IADL experience. Additionally, IADL experience was associated with superior functioning in all analyses, potentially through increased functional reserve. This concept of functional reserve may have implications for identifying individuals at risk for IADL dependence, preventing or delaying decline, and potentially treating functional impairment.
Higher Peripheral TREM2 mRNA Levels Relate to Cognitive Deficits and Hippocampal Atrophy in Alzheimer’s Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Tan Yi Jayne , Ng Adeline S.L. , Vipin Ashwati , Lim Joseph K.W. , Chander Russell J. , Ji Fang , Qiu Yingwei , Ting Simon K.S. , Hameed Shahul , Lee Tih-Shih , Zeng Li , Kandiah Nagaendran , Zhou Juan
Published: April 2017

Background: Variants in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are associated with increased Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Recent studies have reported inconsistent peripheral TREM2 mRNA expression levels and relationship with cognitive scores in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Additionally, no study has examined the association of peripheral TREM2 levels with neuroimaging measures in AD and MCI.

Objective: To determine peripheral TREM2 mRNA levels in AD, amnestic MCI (aMCI) and healthy controls, and the association with cognitive performance and brain structural changes.

Methods: We measured peripheral TREM2 mRNA levels in 80 AD, 30 aMCI, and 86 healthy controls using real time polymerase chain reaction. TREM2 levels were correlated with various cognitive performance and brain volumes, correcting for APOE4 status.

Results: TREM2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in AD compared to controls and aMCI. Levels did not differ between aMCI and controls. Corrected for APOE4, higher TREM2 levels correlated with lower Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and episodic memory scores, and lower total grey matter and right hippocampal volumes. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis found negative association between TREM2 mRNA levels and grey matter volumes in temporal, parietal and frontal regions. AD subjects with MoCA scores ≤20 had higher TREM2 levels correlating with smaller total grey matter, left hippocampal and right hippocampal volumes.

Conclusion: Peripheral TREM2 mRNA levels are higher in AD and are associated with AD-related cognitive deficits and hippocampal atrophy. Our findings suggest that TREM2 may be a potential non-invasive peripheral biomarker for AD diagnosis.
Plasma Amyloid-β and Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Changes in Late-Life Depression
Authors: Yamazaki Chiemi , Tamaoki Toshio , Nunomura Akihiko , Tamai Kenichi , Yasuda Kazuyuki , Motohashi Nobutaka
Published: April 2017

To elucidate an involvement of amyloid dysmetabolism in the pathophysiology of depression, we investigated associations of plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels with Alzheimer’s disease-related changes in neuroimaging and cognitive dysfunction in patients with late-life depression. Higher plasma Aβ40, but not Aβ42 nor Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio, was associated with higher degree of parahippocampal atrophy and lower verbal fluency performance. Indeed, high plasma Aβ40 predicted poor cognitive prognosis of depressed patients with mild cognitive impairment. As an anti-depressive treatment, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) resulted in a marginally significant reduction of plasma Aβ40 compared to pharmacotherapy alone, suggesting protective effects of ECT against amyloid dysmetabolism.