bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthelmintic Activity of Nauclea diderrichii Leaf Extracts and Fractions Against Adult Haemonchus placei
Authors: Aderibigbe S.A. , Oyeniran O.S. , Idowu S.O.
Published: August 2020

Background: Nauclea diderrichii is used in West and Central Africa countries for its insecticidal and antiparasitic properties. There is, however, no documentation on its activity against parasitic nematodes.Objectives: This study investigated N. diderrichii leaf extracts and fractions for anthelmintic activity against adult Haemonchus placei, an abomasal parasitic worm that infect cattle.Materials and Method: Pulverized dried leaves of N. diderrichii was defatted using n-hexane, followed by successive extraction using chloroform and acetone. The extracts were evaluated for anthelmintic activity by incubating ten (10) adult H. placei in a range of concentrations (1 ̶ 20 mg/mL) for 3h and then counting the number of confirmed dead worms. The most active extract was subjected to chromatographic fractionation, and the thin layer chromatographic (TLC) profile of the fractions was documented. The dried fractions were then evaluated for anthelmintic activity and anthelmintic data were fitted to a non-linear regression equation (Log [extract or fraction] vs. response; variable slope) to produce best-fit sigmoidal curves and LC50 values computed.Results: Anthelmintic assay shows that acetone extract is worm-active with a best-fit LC50 of 16.24 mg/mL, while the chloroform extract was inactive. Fractionation of the acetone extract yielded three fractions (FA, FB and FC) and TLC profile revealed the various secondary metabolites in the fractions. Of the fractions, only fraction B was active against H. placei with LC50 of 12.24 mg/mL.Conclusion: Acetone extract of N. diderrichii leaf possessed anthelmintic activity against adult H. placei, and could be useful as anthelmintic phytomedicine to deworm cattle.

Keywords: Anthelmintic, Haemonchus placei, Nauclea diderrichii, Chromatography
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality Evaluation of Roni Area, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Idris M.A. , Rufa’i S.A. , Dandogo K.A.
Published: August 2020

Rapid population growth rate in the study area results to an increasing demand of water for various uses. It necessitated the geoscientists to evaluate the water quality of the area for potability. Twenty (20) water samples were collected using plastic bottles and properly labelled. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to analyse the water quality. The in-situ measured parameters of water are mostly within limit of NIS, 2007 and WHO, 2011. Cations and anions analyses revealed, they were within the range of acceptable standard, except higher concentration of Fe2+, Pb2+and Mn2+which might have resulted from acidic water of the area and weathering of silicate minerals. The cations preponderance is of the order Na+> K+ ˃Mg2+> Ca2+> while for the anions dominance are HCO3− > Cl- > SO42-. The dominant water facies are Na+-HCO3−. These facies might have sources from rock-water interaction of silicate minerals. Wilcox plot of salinity hazard of the water samples indicated that, the water of the area is good for irrigation. It can be classified, the value of electrical conductivity of 0 – 250 excellent, 250 – 750 good, 750 – 2250 doubtful and ˃ 2250 μS/cm unsuitable. Field study and petrographic analysis revealed that, the area is underlain by three (3) major rocks units which are muscovite schist, porphyritic granite, sandstone (Chad Formation) with quartzite occurring as the minor lithology.

Keywords: Hydrochemical characteristics, ground water, water quality, concentration, electrical conductivity
Post Drill Pore Pressure Prediction for Geo-hazard Assessment of Offset Wells in Hamoru Field
Authors: Ogbamikhumi A. , Hamid-Osazuwa O.M. , Imoru E.A.
Published: August 2020

Understanding the distribution and variation of subsurface formation pressure is key to preventing geo-hazards associated with drilling activities such as kicks and blow out. To assess and prevent such risk in drilling offset wells in the Hamoru field, prediction of pore pressure was done to understand the pressure regime of the field using well logs in the absence of seismic data. Two commonly used methods for formation pressure prediction; Bower’s and Eaton’s methods were adopted to predict pore pressure and determine the better of the two methods that will be more suitable for the field. The cross-plot of Vp against density disclosed that compaction disequilibrium is the prevalent overpressure mechanism. The prediction of Pore pressure with Eaton’s method gave results comparable to the acquired pressure in the field, typical of what is expected when compaction disequilibrium is the dominant overpressure mechanism. Since the result of Bower’s method over estimated formation pressure, Eaton’s method appears to be the better choice for predicting the formation pore pressure in the field. Analysis of the predicted pore pressure reveals the onset of overpressure at depth of 2.44 km. The formation pressure gradient ranges from 10.4 kPa/m to 15.2 kPa/m interpreted as mild to moderately over pressure.

Keywords: Geohazard, over-pressure, Eaton’s method, Bower’s method, normal compaction trend
Comparative Analysis of Properties of Particleboards Made from Corn Cobs at Varying Proportions of Clay Soil
Authors: Aina K.S. , Falemara B.C. , Ebeniro D.S.
Published: August 2020

Particles of dried corn cobs were employed for manufacture of cement bonded particleboards. Two types of clay soil (red and white) were used as supplement with cement to manufacture cement bonded particleboards. The production of the boards was done at varying proportions of 50/50/0, 50/40/10, 50/30/20, 50/20/30, 50/10/40 and 50/0/50 for (corn/cement/clay) in weight to weight basis while the other considerable production factors like nominal density and curing agent percentage remained constant at 1.30 g/cm3 and 3%. The chemical composition of the soil such as pH, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, and exchangeable bases were determined. Its impact on physical and mechanical properties such as density, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were also investigated The results of the analysis of variance shows that all considerable production factors for the cement bonded particleboards were significant at 5% level of probability except clay soil type for density. The results show that cement bonded particleboard made of red clay soil with higher content of exchangeable bases proves better outstanding performance in density, strength and dimensional properties than the white clay soil. Among the cement bonded particleboards made at varying proportions. It was discovered that boards of 50/20/30 (corn/cement/clay) had better strength properties than others. Also, the boards made at the proportions of 50/40/10, 50/10/40 and 50/30/20 (corn/cement/clay) were better dimensionally stabled in moisture exposure but weak in strength. The outcome of this study may serve as a guideline for any manufacturer who intends to use clay soil as supplement for production of particleboards.

Keywords: Cement, particleboard, clay soil, corn cobs, strength, variance
Design analysis of a microcontroller based Irrigation system
Authors: Okandeji A.A. , Olajide M.B. , Ponnle A.A. , Kuponiyi D.S.
Published: August 2020

This work considers the design analysis of a low-cost microcontroller-based irrigation controller capable of managing irrigation for a small area of land based on real-time values of soil moisture and temperature. The method employed is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is needed, and how much water is needed in the soil. In particular, the microcontroller based circuit device performs the action of irrigation management. Specifically, it does this by continuously monitoring the moisture content of the soil, and comparing the values with two set reference values; the upper-limit, and lower-limit moisture content values, and then induces the corresponding action required. When the soil moisture content goes below the lower-limit value set by the user, the system observes this and begins irrigation action. Results obtained show that this design is cost-effective, and guarantees efficient water supply and effective labor management. Also, irrigation test results show that the duration of spray largely depends on the soil texture, grass identity and moisture content. In particular, sprinkler irrigation method in loamy soil took longer than in sandy soil, while clay soil irrigation took the longest time.

Keywords: Automatic-Irrigation Controller, Irrigation, Microcontroller, Water-supply
Phoenix dactylifera, Cyperus esculentus, and Cocos nucifera Pooled Extracts Ameliorate Pesticides-induced Hormonal Toxicity and Maintains Testicular Histology in Rats
Authors: Ogeyemhe B.E. , Achukwu P.U. , Odigie E.B.
Published: August 2020

Male infertility is increasingly worrisome and has been linked to increase rate of hormonal toxicity and imbalance. Sufferers now result to using medicinal plants due to its availability and cost effectiveness. This study was to assess ameliorating effects of Phoenix dactylifera (date), Cyperus esculentus (tigernut) and Cocos nucifera (coconut)mixture on pesticides-induced hormonal toxicity in male Wistar rats. Aqueous extraction of crops - date (maceration apparatus), tiger nut (rotary evaporator) and coconut (spray drying process) wereconducted after which, 5g of each extract were mixed in equal proportion. Hormonal toxicity was induced in rats using Ochratoxin A and endosulfan before oral treatment of the mix at graded doses (250 to 1000 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. Aseptic bloodsample was obtained before and after treatment for hormonal assay. At termination, animals were euthanized via decapitation; organs were excised, processed histologically, stained with H&E, and testes examined microscopically. Hormonal toxicity in rats was successfully induced, body weight of highly treated rats reduced (P ≤ 0.02) while testicular weight increased insignificantly (P ≥ 0.05). Mixed extract ameliorated the effect of pesticides on testosterone levels in group: B (1.8 ± 0.5ng/dL), C (2.4 ± 0.4ng/dL), D (3.8 ± 0.6 ng/dL) and E (4.1 ± 0.3 ng/dL) including FSH and LH values (P ≤ 0.05). Stained sections of testis were in keeping with normal histology after investigations. High doses of extract mix successfully reversed pesticides-induced hormonal toxicity in rats without harming the testes.

Keywords: Cocos nucifera, Coconut, Cyperus esculentus, Date, Hormonal imbalance, Pesticide, Phoenix dactylifera, and Tiger nut
Môi Trường Lạm Phát Và Truyền Dẫn Tỷ Giá Hối Đoái Ở Việt Nam
Authors: Nghiệp Quách Doanh
Published: August 2020

Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phương pháp Hồi quy chuyển tiếp trơn (Smooth transition regression - STR) nhằm tìm kiếm bằng chứng về mức độ truyền dẫn tỷ giá hối đoái vào lạm phát phụ thuộc vào môi trường lạm phát ở Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu tìm thấy ngưỡng lạm phát có ý nghĩa thống kê là 1,5%/tháng chia nền kinh tế thành hai trạng thái lạm phát cao và lạm phát thấp. Kết quả từ

nghiên cứu cho thấy tồn tại mối quan hệ phi tuyến giữa môi trường lạm phát và mức độ truyền dẫn tỷ giá, theo đó cả trong ngắn hạn lẫn dài hạn, mức độ truyền dẫn sẽ cao hơn khi nền kinh tế đang trong trạng thái lạm phát cao và ngược lại. Ngoài ra nghiên cứu còn cho thấy mức độ truyền dẫn có tương quan cùng chiều với độ bất ổn trong lạm phát.
Ứng dụng mô hình hồi quy không gian trong phân tích tăng trưởng doanh thu du lịch của các tỉnh/thành tại Việt Nam
Authors: Sĩ Nguyễn Văn , Bằng Nguyễn Viết
Published: August 2020

Mục đích của nghiên cứu là xác định và đo lường các yếu tố tác động đến doanh thu du lịch của các tỉnh/thành tại Việt Nam thông qua ứng dụng mô hình hồi quy không gian. Đề tài sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính kết hợp định lượng. Nghiên cứu định tính được thực hiện thông qua phỏng vấn sâu cùng 09 chuyên gia. Nghiên cứu định lượng được thực hiện thông qua ứng dụng mô hình kinh tế lượng không gian với bộ dữ liệu thứ cấp từ năm 2013 đến 2017 của các tỉnh/thành tại Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: doanh thu du lịch của mỗi địa phương chịu tác động bởi: lượng khách, dân số và khối lượng luân chuyển hành khách. Thêm vào đó, Kết quả nghiên cứu là một bằng chứng thực nghiệm cho thấy có sự tương quan giữa các tỉnh gần nhau trong tăng trưởng doanh thu du lịch, điều này có nghĩa là tăng trưởng du lịch của địa phương này có tác động đến tăng trưởng doanh thu của các tỉnh lân cận. Đồng thời, lượng khách, dân số và khối lượng luân chuyển của hành khách có sự tương tác về mặt không gian giữa các tỉnh/thành lân cận.
Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Total and Salivary Cortisol Levels
Authors: ELBÜKEN Gülşah
Published: August 2020

Aim: Although there are some studies regarding the effects of cigarette smoking on serum total cortisol (TC) and salivary cortisol (SaC) levels, the results are still not conclusive. For this purpose, we aimed to determine the effects of cigarette smoking on TC and SaC levels in a small sample of healthy volunteers.

Study design: Twenty-five (12 females and 13 males) smokers with a mean age of 42.6± 15 years and 25 (12 females and 13 males) age- and gender-matched healthy non-smokers (mean age:40.8± 14.5 years) were enrolled in the study. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was evaluated by baseline TC and SaC levels, and TC and SaC responses to standard dose (250 µg) ACTH stimulation test. TC and SaC levels were obtained under baseline and stimulated conditions.

Results: Although mean TC and SaC levels were higher in smokers versus non-smokers, a statistically significant difference was not found between the two groups.

Conclusion: TC and SaC levels were not statistically different between smokers and non-smokers. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
Appendicitis but Not Appendicitis; Utility of Ultrasound in Management of Children with Suspected Appendicitis
Authors: Loo Caleb , Pouryahya Pourya
Published: August 2020

Objective: Undifferentiated abdominal pain in children is a common presentation to Emergency Department
(ED). Diagnostic imaging, in particular, ultrasound, in addition to laboratory tests is often used in this cohort.
This study aims to assess the utility of ultrasound in suspected appendicitis in management options.
Methods: A 5-year retrospective cross-sectional data analysis of children under the age of 16 presented to
Monash Health EDs with abdominal pain between June 2014 and June 2019 was conducted. Among 271934
(total) presentations, 20934 presented with abdominal pain (traumatic and non-traumatic) and 1131 patients
were highly suspected for appendicitis who were investigated in ED or hospitalised for ongoing investigation
and management.
Results: 162 (14.3%; 95% CI, 12.3-16.4) patients had ultrasound findings suggestive of appendicitis, with a
further 147 (13.0%; 95% CI, 11.0-15.0) admitted to paediatric surgical ward. 111 (9.81%; 95% CI, 8.1-11.5)
patients subsequent underwent diagnostic laparoscopy during their admission which 109 (9.63%; 95% CI, 7.9-
11.4) confirmed intraoperative appendicitis. The mean appendix size difference in patients discharged vs
admitted and cases that underwent diagnostic laparoscopy vs conservative management were 0.576mm (95%
CI, -1.16-2.32). and 0.217 (95% CI, -1.03-1.47) respectively. Given that the P values of the differences are 0.513
and 0.732 respectively (P>0.05), the results are not statistically significant.
Conclusions: The appendix size on ultrasound did not show any correlation with the actual pathology or
management option. Clinical picture and clinician’s judgement were the main factors in determining
management.
Planificación de Frecuencias para Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) en el Ecuador
Authors: Valle Felipe , Ribadeneira-Ramírez Jefferson , Moreno Franklin , Rodríguez Jesús , Veloz Diego , Martínez Gerardo
Published: August 2020

La televisión digital terrestre, brinda mayor robustez a la señal frente a ruido e interferencias. Además, permite la transmisión de varios canales de televisión por un mismo canal radioeléctrico y optimiza el uso del espectro radioeléctrico mediante el uso de redes de frecuencia única. Sin embargo, en Ecuador no se está utilizando una de las principales ventajas de las redes de TDT, la posibilidad de usar redes de frecuencia única. Lo que conlleva un uso no óptimo del espectro radioeléctrico. En este artículo, en primer lugar, se presenta el modo de transmisión más adecuado para Ecuador en función de su extensión y topografía. Además, se propone una planificación de frecuencias para Ecuador utilizando redes de frecuencia única basado en algoritmos de planificación de coloreado secuencial, optimizando así el uso del espectro radioeléctrico. Finalmente, se presentan ejercicios de planificación de una red real del canal de televisión Ecuador TV, el cual cuenta con 96 transmisores en todo el país, con el cual se comprueba tanto cobertura como interferencias para la planificación propuesta.
DISEÑO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA AUTOMÁTICO COMPACTADOR PET UTILIZANDO SISTEMA HIDRAÚLICO
Authors: Tipán Rolando , Mora Veronica , Altamirano Edwin
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo general diseñar e implementar un sistema automático compactador PET utilizando sistema hidráulico. El sistema automático compactador se compone de la estructura del contenedor, el sistema electrónico y el sistema de control por software. El contenedor se encuentra construido de Tol galvanizado el cual muestra resistencia a agentes externos como el agua y la humedad logrando así precautelar la integridad de los sistemas electrónicos internos, El sistema electrónico está conformado por dos controladores, el controlador principal Arduino Uno se encarga de manejar la comunicación con las celdas de carga para luego enviar dicha información al controlador secundario Logo Siemens el cual desempeña las funciones de control de las electroválvulas hidráulicas debido que manejan señales de control de 24 Voltios, generando las acciones para la activación del cilindro hidráulico que compacta las botellas plásticas a una presión calibrada de 700 Newton, las botellas plásticas son compactadas previo un control de ingreso para evitar el ingreso de botellas de otro material. El sistema de control desarrollado en LabView cuenta con una interfaz amigable para el usuario, donde se desarrollar tareas de monitoreo y control en tiempo real del sistema automático. Con la compactación de botellas plásticas PET se logra reducir en un 58% el volumen de cada botella, disminuyendo así el volumen ocupado por residuos plásticos y facilitando el proceso de reciclaje de botellas plásticas. Concluyendo que la utilización de tecnología hidráulica en el sistema de compactación obtuvo un alto nivel de presión hidráulica constante en el cilindro, teniendo así una respuesta adecuada del sistema automático, al no generar fugas ni perdidas de presión al momento de la compactación.
Implementación de un Sistema Prototipo de Calentamiento Eficiente de Agua Potable por Inducción Electromagnética
Authors: Rojas Santiago , Castro Cristian , Paucar Jorge , Tasambay Miguel
Published: August 2020

Se implementó un sistema eficiente para el calentamiento de agua potable utilizando el principio de inducción electromagnética. El proyecto consta de dos etapas un sistema de calentamiento y un control de temperatura del tipo ON-OFF. El circuito de inducción electromagnética calienta una tubería de acero y esta a su vez transfiere el calor a un pequeño caudal de agua almacenado en un contenedor, un selector permite al usuario escoger la temperatura deseada, un sensor de caudal permite determinar el flujo existente en la tubería, dos electro-válvulas colocadas a la entrada y salida controlan la circulación del agua al exterior si solo si llegó a la temperatura seleccionada evitando su desperdicio innecesario. Considerando las pruebas realizadas el sistema posee una eficiencia superior al 80% y al contrastarlo con un sistema convencional basado en resistencias genera un ahorro energético y monetario de un 35%.
Sintonización de Controladores PID para Control de Velocidad de Motores de Corriente Continua mediante Algoritmos Genéticos
Authors: Barcia Macías Ronald Marcelo , Berrones Asqui Sofia Elizabeth , Romero-Pérez Julio-Ariel , Miguel-Escrig Oscar
Published: August 2020

Este documento presenta el desarrollo de un algoritmo genético para optimización de ganancias de un controlador PID aplicado al control de velocidad de un motor de corriente directa. El algoritmo fue desarrollado en código Python. Produce un buen desempeño con pocas iteraciones debido a la generación de la población inicial a partir de las reglas de sintonización de Ziegler & Nichols. El controlador obtenido mediante la aplicación del algoritmo genético es comparado con los métodos convencionales de sintonización de Ziegler y Nichols, Cohen-Coon y AMIGO, en términos de tiempo de establecimiento, sobre oscilación máxima y robustez. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que se minimiza la sobre oscilación máxima y el tiempo de establecimiento mediante el uso del controlador obtenido mediante el algoritmo genético, que a su vez presenta una mejor robustez en comparación con los controladores obtenidos con los otros métodos.
Estudio del Impacto de la Troposfera sobre la Señal de GPS L1 en la ciudad de Riobamba
Authors: Zabala Haro Monica Andrea , Alvarez Jhonny , Ruilova Jomaira , Vinueza Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

En el presente trabajo se analiza el retardo que sufre la señal GPS durante la transmisión a través del canal de propagación el mismo que es afectado por factores, características y condiciones de las capas de la atmosfera.  La troposfera debido a las componentes húmedas y secas produce el retardo hidrostático el cual representa aproximadamente el 90% del retardo total de la señal que depende directamente por la presión atmosférica y el retardo troposférico el que se ve influenciado por el vapor de agua y la temperatura. Para la estimación del retardo se opta por la muestra de los datos de los días con mayor y menor humedad y precipitación acumulada basado en el modelo de Saastamoinen comparando los resultados con los datos analizados extraídos de la estación EREC de la Red de Monitoreo Continuo GNSS de Ecuador (REGME) a traves del procesamiento de los datos con la herramienta RTKlib para valorar el impacto en la precisión de la solución final en el posicionamiento del receptor.
Rendimiento de herramientas de replicación libres para la implementación de un sistema integrado de alta disponibilidad orientado a la gestión de tutorías académicas en Instituciones de Educación Superior
Authors: Palacios  Campana Diego Bernardo , Allauca Peñafiel Gonzalo , Velasco Silva Danny , Cajilema Guamán Estuardo , Saltos Chávez Rubén
Published: August 2020

Se realizó un análisis comparativo de las herramientas de replicación de datos Slony-I y PgPool-II, para seleccionar la mejor alternativa en la implementación de un sistema integrado de alta disponibilidad para la gestión de tutorías académicas en Instituciones de Educación Superior. Se establecieron como parámetros de estudio el tiempo de respuesta frente a la ejecución de sentencias SQL el uso de CPU, memoria, y disco duro. Se desarrolló una aplicación web N-Capas utilizando PrimeFaces y PostgreSQL, integrada a un Sistema Académico a través de servicios web SOAP. Para la realización de las pruebas se configuraron servidores de base de datos de tipo master y esclavo bajo un entorno Linux. Las pruebas de rendimiento estuvieron basadas en la herramienta Apache JMeter, simulando 282 peticiones por segundo en un instante de tiempo, observándose que PgPool-II consumió menos recursos con un promedio de 2,80%, sin embargo, Slony-I fue más eficaz al realizar las transacciones con apenas un 0,009% de error.
Evaluación del desempeño de dispositivos de Alta Frecuencia manufacturados frente a los disponibles comercialmente y potenciación del Laboratorio de Microondas para Mmwave
Authors: Angamarca Quinde Stalin Mauricio , Guzmán Marcelo
Published: August 2020

Se implementó divisores de potencia, multiplicadores de frecuencia y antenas logarítmicas en las bandas X y Ku, con los cuales se realizó la comparativa entre los equipos implementados versus los del fabricante. Para la elaboración de los dispositivos se utilizó la metodología de diseño de tecnología microstrip haciendo uso del software Ansoft Dessigner y para la implementación se usaron dos sustratos diferentes, los cuales son; FR4 y Roger RT Duroid 5880. Además, se hizo uso de un analizador de redes vectoriales para obtener los resultados de transmisión y reflexión, mientras que, para obtener resultados aplicativos, se hace uso de un generador de señales y un analizador de espectro. Los dispositivos implementados con sustrato Roger presentaron mejores prestaciones al compararlo con los del fabricante, sin embargo, el sustrato FR4 no presenta características favorables.
Guías para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes
Authors: Faingold María Cristina , Commendatore Víctor , González Claudio , Bragagnolo Julio César , Sinay Isaac , Lapertosa Silvia , Vázquez Fabiana , Musso Carla , Alvariñas Jorge , De Dios Alejandro , Frechtel Gustavo Daniel , Salzberg Susana , Serra Héctor Alejandro , Litwak León , Gagliardino Juan José , Fuente Graciela , Suárez Cordo Cristian , Elbert Alicia , Buso Carlos , Fuentes Susana
Published: August 2020

Objetivos: 1) actualizar la Guía de Tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes publicada en el año 2010; 2) proveer al equipo de salud una herramienta actualizada para el manejo terapéutico de las personas con esta patología.Materiales y métodos: se convocó a un grupo de expertos, miembros titulares de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes, para analizar los trabajos disponibles en distintas fuentes, clasificándolos de acuerdo a su nivel de evidencia (Tabla 2), éste podrá observarse en negrita al final del párrafo correspondiente; sobre esta base se modificó la guía 2010 actualizando sus contenidos.Se designó un comité de redacción responsable de la compaginación final del documento.Conclusiones: los cambios en el estilo de vida continúan siendo la primera opción terapéutica, la metformina es la droga de primera línea, si no existen contraindicaciones para su uso o intolerancia, cualquiera de las otras familias de fármacos antidiabéticos, la insulina y sus análogos pueden usarse como monoterapia o asociadas entre sí teniendo en cuenta sus contraindicaciones, siempre y cuando no se utilicen juntas aquellas con mecanismos de acción similar. Los algoritmos 1 y 2 pueden considerarse la síntesis de la propuesta actual, elaborada para orientar la toma de decisiones respecto del tratamiento de la DMT2.
A BUSCA DO EU A PARTIR DO OUTRO: CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DA IDENTIDADE AFRICANA NO CONTO AS MÃOS DOS PRETOS DE BERNARDO HONWANA
Authors: Porfirio Ramos Celiomar
Published: August 2020

O principal objetivo deste artigo é tecer algumas considerações acerca do conto “As mãos dos pretos”, de Bernardo Honwana, a fim de decodificar o principal foco que é a busca da identidade negra. A análise tem como ponto de partida o questionamento que impulsiona o conto, pois o personagem principal visa compreender o motivo pelo qual a cor das mãos dos pretos serem diferentes das demais partes de seu corpo, questionando alguns personagens que fazem parte de seu cotidiano. Procuramos estabelecer relação entre o contexto histórico-social e o texto literário, haja vista que o contexto influi na produção literária.
Analogia da escravidão no Baixo Araguaia (MT) em pleno século XXI
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Susana , Magalhães Vilson Ribeiro , Dutra Mara Maria
Published: August 2020

Desde a chegada dos portugueses no Brasil, a escravidão foi a força de trabalho mais utilizada pelos proprietários rurais. Com a abolição da escravatura, ainda no século XIX, não houve equiparação social tampouco cessou a exploração de pessoas menos favorecidas. Isso resultou em conflitos e resistências que permanecem até os dias atuais, e infelizmente parece que a força do mais forte ainda prevalece. Essa pesquisa teve como finalidade compreender de que forma ocorrem as relações de exploração do trabalho análogo ao escravo, bem como verificar se a falta de escolarização de crianças, jovens e adultos contribui para a ocorrência dessa situação na Região do Baixo Araguaia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de natureza básica e para que o objetivo fosse atingido, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica e documental. Verificou-se que o trabalho análogo ao escravo está presente no Brasil contemporâneo, bem como na região em estudo e que a maioria dos trabalhadores resgatados não tem escolaridade o que contribui ainda mais para as ocorrências. Espera-se que por meio da realização desse estudo seja possível denunciar e trazer à tona essa grave prática que ainda acontece em nosso meio. Além disso, o estudo vem somar-se às lutas de vários indivíduos, geralmente reprimidas, que por décadas tem buscado modificar a situação de trabalhadores na região do Baixo Araguaia, localizada no Estado de Mato Grosso.
O espaço da mulher na sociedade: uma reflexão a partir de o Segundo Sexo de Simone de Beauvoir
Authors: Bessa Machado Lima Andressa , Nunes da Silva Eliete , Mainardi Sara , Ferreira da Silva Suzely
Published: August 2020

Este artigo busca analisar, através da obra de Simone de Beauvoir: O segundo sexo, o espaço da mulher na sociedade. A obra foi estudada na disciplina de Filosofia Contemporânea do curso de Licenciatura em Filosofia pela Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso – UNEMAT. Tem por objetivo expor as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas mulheres no decorrer da história até a contemporaneidade, com a intenção de destacar a luta e sua coragem frente a uma sociedade construída pelos homens e para os homens, destacando o nascimento de muitos direitos conquistados pelo sexo feminino. Sendo assim, a pesquisa aborda o movimento feminista e a sua importância diante de todo processo de busca por respeito pelo segundo sexo, expondo um olhar sobre o que significava ser mulher, sob a ótica de como a mulher era vista e o que esperavam dela, comparando-se com os dias atuais. Usando Simone de Beauvoir como referência de personalidade feminina, como alguém que alcançou um espaço valioso para todas as mulheres.
Probabilistic Machine Learning Using Bayesian Inference
Authors:   University of South Florida, Pandey Mayank
Published: August 2020

Machine Learning is a branch of AI (Artificial Intelligence) which expands on the idea of a computational system extending its knowledge about set methodical behaviors from the data that is fed to it to essentially develop analytical skills that can help in identifying patterns and making decisions with little to no participation of a real human being. Computer algorithms help in gaining experience to improve the facility over time for use by both consumers and corporations. In today’s technologically advanced world, Machine Learning has given us self-driving cars, speech recognition software, and AI agents like Siri and Google assistant. This project evaluates how the Beta function came to be and how Stirling’s formula is implemented in calculating the magnitude of this function for large input values. The Beta function can then be used to produce a Beta distribution of probabilities to find whether people will actually watch a video they come across on their recommendations feed or search feed and then using Bayesian inference update the prior set predictions.
Calculating AMBU Bag Dimensions for Use in Portable Ventilators
Authors:   University of South Florida, Smith Camden
Published: August 2020

Based on the design of non-portable ventilators, this project examines and analyzes the primary individual component used within a motorized AMBU bag ventilator - the AMBU bag. Calculations are conducted to assess the minimum volume for an AMBU bag to provide sufficient oxygen for average total lung capacity. It allows to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of an electrical, portable AMBU bag ventilator under the reduced size requirements. A calculus-based formula, known as the Disk Method, is utilized for these calculations. It is shown that the Disk method can be reversed to find a shape of an AMBU bag given a predetermined volume and desired dimensions. Thus an affordable, motorized, portable AMBU bag ventilator with full functionality and effectiveness can be developed. It will contribute to fulfilling the need for more ventilators due the current COVID-19 pandemic.
The Famous Coin Change Problem and its Possible New Applications
Authors:   University of South Florida, Vu Quang
Published: August 2020

The classical problem “Coin change” in Computer Science has become a key problem to a number of subsequent problems in different areas: finance, algorithm study, sports, etc. Mathematicians have been paying attention to only two possible outcomes of the problem: the most time/resource efficient solution and the total number of solutions. However, solutions among the “normal solutions” can be beneficial in certain situations, if carefully considered with math and economic phenomena in the past. Our work describes some of such possible beneficial solutions that are worth paying attention to and its application in finance and fiscal policy. Now it is of particular importance because of COVID-19 pandemic.
Long-term INP measurements from four stations across the globe
Authors: Schrod Jann , Thomson Erik S. , Weber Daniel , Kossmann Jens , Pöhlker Christopher , Saturno Jorge , Ditas Florian , Artaxo Paulo , Clouard Valérie , Saurel Jean-Marie , Ebert Martin , Curtius Joachim , Bingemer Heinz G.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Ice particle activation and evolution have important atmospheric implications for cloud formation, initiation of precipitation and radiative interactions. In many cases the initial formation of atmospheric ice requires the presence of a nucleating seed, an ice nucleating particle (INP), to facilitate its first emergence. Unfortunately, few long-term measurements of INPs exist and as a result, knowledge about geographic and seasonal variations of INP concentrations is sparse. Here we present data from nearly two years of INP measurements from four stations in different regions of the world: the Amazon, the Caribbean, Central Europe and the Norwegian Arctic. The sites feature diverse geographical climates and ecosystems that are associated with dissimilar transport patterns, aerosol characteristics and levels of anthropogenic impact (ranging from near pristine to mostly rural). Interestingly, observed INP concentrations do not differ greatly from site to site, but usually fall well within the same order of magnitude. Moreover, short-term variability overwhelms all long-term trends and/or seasonality in the INP concentration at all locations. An analysis of the frequency distributions of INP concentrations suggests that INPs tend to be well-mixed and reflective of large-scale air mass movements. No universal physical or chemical parameter could be identified to be a causal link driving INP climatology, highlighting the complex nature of the ice nucleation process. Amazonian INP concentrations were mostly unaffected by the biomass burning season, even though aerosol concentrations increase by a factor of 10 from the wet to dry season. Caribbean INPs were positively correlated to parameters related to transported mineral dust, which is known to increase during the northern hemispheric summer. A wind sector analysis revealed the absence of an anthropogenic impact on average INP concentrations at the Central European site. Likewise, no Arctic Haze influence was observed on INPs at the Norwegian site, where low concentrations were generally measured. We consider the collected data to be a unique resource for the community that illustrates some of the challenges and knowledge gaps of the field in general, while specifically highlighting the need for more long-term observations of INPs worldwide.
Application of the ECT9 protocol for radiocarbon-based source
apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols
Authors: Huang Lin , Zhang Wendy , Santos Guaciara M. , Rodríguez Blanca T. , Holden Sandra R. , Vetro Vincent , Czimczik Claudia I.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosol is mainly composed of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). Both OC and EC originate from a variety of emission sources. Radiocarbon (14C) analysis can be used to apportion bulk aerosol, OC, and EC into their sources. However, such analyses require the physical separation of OC and EC. Here, we apply of ECT9 protocol to physically isolate OC and EC for 14C analysis and evaluate its effectiveness. Several reference materials are selected, including: two pure OC (fossil adipic acid, contemporary sucrose), two pure EC (fossil regal black and C1150), and three complex materials containing contemporary and/or fossil OC and EC (rice char and NIST urban dust standards SRM1649a, i.e., bulk dust and SRM8785, i.e., fine fraction of re-suspended SRM1649a on filter). The pure materials were measured for their OC, EC and total carbon (TC) mass fractions and corresponding carbon isotopes to evaluate the uncertainty of the procedure. The average accuracy of TC mass, determined via volumetric injection of a sucrose solution, was approximately 5 %. Ratios of EC/TC and OC/TC were highly reproducible, with analytical precisions better than 2 % for all reference materials, ranging in size from 20 to 100 µg C. Consensus values were reached for all pure reference materials for both δ13C and FM14C with an uncertainty of
CAMS-TEMPO: global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling
Authors: Guevara Marc , Jorba Oriol , Tena Carles , Denier van der Gon Hugo , Kuenen Jeroen , Elguindi-Solmon Nellie , Darras Sabine , Granier Claire , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We present the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO), a dataset of global and European emission temporal profiles that provides gridded monthly, daily, weekly and hourly weight factors for atmospheric chemistry modelling. CAMS-TEMPO includes temporal profiles for the priority air pollutants (NOx, SOx, NMVOC, NH3, CO, PM10, PM2.5) and the greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) for each of the following anthropogenic source categories: energy industry (power plants), residential combustion, manufacturing industry, transport (road traffic and air traffic in airports) and agricultural activities (fertilizer use and livestock). The profiles are computed on a global 0.1 × 0.1 deg and regional European 0.1 × 0.05 deg grid following the domain and sector classification descriptions of the global and regional emission inventories developed under the CAMS program. The profiles account for the variability of the main emission drivers of each sector. Statistical information linked to emission variability (e.g. electricity production, traffic counts) at national and local levels were collected and combined with existing meteorological-dependent parametrizations to account for the influences of sociodemographic factors and climatological conditions. Depending on the sector and the temporal resolution (i.e. monthly, weekly, daily, hourly) the resulting profiles are pollutant-dependent, yearly-dependent (i.e. time series from 2010 to 2017) and/or spatially-dependent (i.e. the temporal weights vary per country or region). We provide a complete description of the data and methods used to build the CAMS-TEMPO profiles and whenever possible, we evaluate the representativeness of the proxies used to compute the temporal weights against existing observational data. We find important discrepancies when comparing the obtained temporal weights with other currently used datasets. The CAMS-TEMPO data product including the global (CAMS-GLOB-TEMPOv2.1, https://doi.org/10.24380/ks45-9147) and regional European (CAMS-REG-TEMPOv2.1, https://doi.org/10.24380/1cx4-zy68) temporal profiles are distributed from the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Ancillary Data (ECCAD) system (https://eccad.aeris-data.fr/). For review purposes, ECCAD has set up an anonymous repository where subsets of the CAMS-GLOB-TEMPOv2.1 and CAMS-REG-TEMPOv2.1data can be accessed directly (https://www7.obs-mip.fr/eccad/essd-surf-emis-cams-tempo/).
A Framework for Ice Sheet – Ocean Coupling (FISOC) V1.1
Authors: Gladstone Rupert , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin , Gwyther David , Zhou Qin , Hattermann Tore , Zhao Chen , Jong Lenneke , Xia Yuwei , Guo Xiaoran , Petrakopoulos Konstantinos , Zwinger Thomas , Shapero Daniel , Moore John
Published: August 2020

Abstract. A number of important questions concern processes at the margins of ice sheets where multiple components of the Earth System, most crucially ice sheets and oceans, interact. Such processes include thermodynamic interaction at the ice-ocean interface, the impact of melt water on ice shelf cavity circulation, the impact of basal melting of ice shelves on grounded ice dynamics, and ocean controls on iceberg calving. These include fundamentally coupled processes in which feedback mechanisms between ice and ocean play an important role. Some of these mechanisms have major implications for humanity, most notably the impact of retreating marine ice sheets on global sea level. In order to better quantify these mechanisms using computer models, feedbacks need to be incorporated into the modelling system. To achieve this ocean and ice dynamic models must be coupled, allowing run time information sharing between components. We have developed a flexible coupling framework based on existing Earth System coupling technologies. The open-source Framework for Ice Sheet – Ocean Coupling (FISOC) provides a modular approach to online coupling, facilitating switching between different ice dynamic and ocean components. FISOC allows fully synchronous coupling, in which both ice and ocean run on the same time-step, or semi-synchronous coupling in which the ice dynamic model uses a longer time step. Multiple regridding options are available, and multiple methods for coupling the sub ice shelf cavity geometry. Thermodynamic coupling may also be activated. We present idealised simulations using FISOC with a Stokes flow ice dynamic model coupled to a regional ocean model. We demonstrate the modularity of FISOC by switching between two different regional ocean models and presenting outputs for both. We demonstrate conservation of mass and other verification steps during evolution of an idealised coupled ice – ocean system, both with and without grounding line movement.
Assessing the impact of explosive eruptions of Fogo volcano (São Miguel, Azores) on the tourism economy
Authors: Medeiros Joana , Carmo Rita , Pimentel Adriano , Vieira José Cabral , Queiroz Gabriela
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The Azores is an active volcanic region that offers exceptional conditions for nature-based tourism, one of the main axes of economic growth in this region. A future volcanic eruption in the archipelago may have long-term consequences to this economic sector. Therefore, it is fundamental to assess its vulnerability to volcanic hazards in order to try to mitigate the associated risk. This study proposes a new approach to assess the economic impact of explosive eruptions on the tourism sector. We considered two eruptive scenarios for Fogo volcano (São Miguel Island), the most probable (VEI 4 sub-Plinian eruption) and the worst-case (VEI 5 Plinian eruption), both producing tephra fallout and PDCs. The results of numerical simulations were overlaid with tourism-related buildings and infrastructure of Vila Franca do Campo municipality to identify the elements at risk. The Loss Present Value method was used to estimate the benefits generated by the accommodation units over 30 years for different economic scenarios. The assessment of the economic impact using 2018 indicators reveals that in a near total destruction scenario the economic loss is approximately 145 million euros. Such approach can also be adopted to other volcanic regions, other geologic hazards and other economic sectors.
The tipping points and early-warning indicators for Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
Authors: Rosier Sebastian H. R. , Reese Ronja , Donges Jonathan F. , De Rydt Jan , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Winkelmann Ricarda
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet is the main source of uncertainty in projections of future sea-level rise, with important implications for coastal regions worldwide. Central to this is the marine ice sheet instability: once a critical threshold, or tipping point, is crossed, ice-internal dynamics can drive a self-amplifying retreat committing a glacier to irreversible, rapid and substantial ice loss. This process might have already been triggered in the Amundsen Sea region, where Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers dominate the current mass loss from Antarctica, but modelling and observational techniques have not been able to establish this rigorously, leading to divergent views on the future mass loss of the WAIS. Here, we aim at closing this knowledge gap by conducting a systematic investigation of the stability regime of Pine Island Glacier. To this end we show that early warning indicators robustly detect critical slowing for the marine ice sheet instability. We are thereby able to identify three distinct tipping points in response to increases in ocean-induced melt. The third and final event, triggered by an ocean warming of approximately 1.2 °C from the steady state model configuration, leads to a retreat of the entire glacier that could initiate a collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Diseño de tareas para promover aprendizaje autorregulado en la universidad
Authors: Valencia-Serrano Marcela
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del artículo es proponer pautas para el diseño e implementación de tareas académicas que favorezcan el aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes universitarios. Las pautas toman en cuenta dos ejes: la estructura y la evaluación de la tarea. En cuanto la estructura, se presentan pautas relacionadas con los objetivos, las consignas y el valor y promoción de la autonomía en la tarea para favorecer la autorregulación de los estudiantes. En la evaluación de la tarea se aborda el rol de los criterios de evaluación, la retroalimentación y los espacios de autoevaluación. Como conclusión se hace evidente la necesidad y conveniencia de la formación de los docentes en estrategias que favorezcan el aprendizaje autorregulado, a partir de las pautas propuestas en este trabajo, así como de seguir demostrando empíricamente la efectividad de estas pautas en procesos específicos del aprendizaje autorregulado.
A docência na Educação Infantil COM a Participação das Crianças
Authors: Agostinho Katia Adair
Published: August 2020

A discussão aqui apresentada defende a docência na Educação Infantil com a participação das crianças. Considera que creches e pré-escolas ocupam um espaço fundamental na construção da democracia, quando fomentam relações democráticas nas práticas pedagógicas cotidianas como um modo de vida que insiste na (re)existência e persiste em tecer a vida coletiva e pública inscrita na ética do encontro em contraponto a exclusão. Em uma conjuntura em que a democracia se encontra em um descrédito abissal e a ofensiva aos direitos sociais incide fortemente nos mundos de vida das crianças, consideramos que a temática da educação democrática e da participação infantil ganha especial relevo e precisa de um debate profundo nas instituições de educação infantil, para que seus projetos educativo-pedagógicos e suas práticas sejam pensados à luz de referenciais críticos e inspiradores de novos modos de vida. Essa reflexão profunda terá de enfrentar nosso acanhado modo de sermos democráticos, em um país que não tem o legado de uma experiência efetivamente democrática e que se submete facilmente à sedutora forma de viver ditada pelo mercado, assim como o adultocentrismo existente nas relações pedagógicas; o que desnuda nossa frágil condição que precisa ser assumida por um pensamento rico, forte de contraposição ao que está posto.