bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a Comprehensive Evidence-Based Service Package for Toddlers with Autism in a Low Resource Setting: Early Detection, Early Intervention, and Care Coordination
Authors: Zarafshan Hadi , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Abolhassani Farid , Motevalian Seyed Abbas , Sharifi Vandad
Published: May 2019

Objective: The number of children with autism, who have many unmet needs, is increasing dramatically. However, the existing evidence shows that early identification and intervention are effective in reducing the later costs and burdens of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, the present study aimed to develop evidence-based services for children with autism in Iran to reduce its impacts on the affected children and their families and to decrease its burden on the society.
Method: A 3-step study was conducted based on a modification of the Replicating Effective Programs (REP) framework (step 1: need assessment and situation analysis; step 2: identifying current evidence-based services; step 3: designing the first draft of the package and its core elements). Each step was conducted by a specific methodology.
Results: By considering the obtained data, it was found that a package of services with 4 core components to respond to the perceived needs in Iran was needed: (1) early detection of at-risk children; (2) care coordination and facilitation of access to current services; (3) implementation of an evidence-based early intervention program; and (4) training interventionists using an effective educational framework based on evidence-based material.
Conclusion: REP framework was used in the present study, which has been shown to be effective in adapting and implementing health care services. By considering the preconditions of REP, a comprehensive package of services, with 4 components was designed for toddlers with autism in Iran. The next step will be to study this package using a multicenter hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomized control trial.
Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Reducing Disappointment, Psychological Distress, and Psychasthenia among Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients
Authors: Sahebari Maryam , Asghari Ebrahimabad Mohammad Javad , Shoraketokanlo Ali Ahmadi , Aghamohammadian Sharbaf Hamidreza , Khodashahi Mandana
Published: May 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in the reduction of disappointment, psychological distress, and psychasthenia among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Method: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 24 females with lupus who referred to the Rheumatoid Disease Research Center (RDRC) of Ghaem hospital in Mashhad, Iran. This study had a pretest-posttest control group design. The participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups of experimental and control. The experimental group was treated with ACT. Data were collected using the Beck’s Hopelessness Scale, Kessler’s Psychological Distress Inventory, and Krupp’s Psychasthenia Inventory.
Results: Mean age and mean duration of illness were 37.25±4.61 and 5.12±2.33 years, respectively. The mean disappointment score and psychological distress in the experimental group were lower compared to those in control group at the post experimental stage (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the mean scores of psychasthenia in the posttest stage (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results of this study, the enhancement of psychological flexibility based on ACT positively affected disappointment, psychological distress, and psychasthenia among the lupus patients. Therefore, it can be concluded that this therapeutic approach could reduce psychasthenia in patients through clarification of the values.
Effect of Radiance-Dimmer Devices Simulating Natural Sunlight Rhythm on the Plasma Melatonin Levels and Anxiety and Depression Scores of the Submarine Personnel
Authors: Ahmadi Khodabakhsh , Hazrati Majid , Ahmadizadeh Mohammadjavad , Noohi Sima
Published: May 2019

Objective: Not perceiving circadian shifts of sunlight due to living in enclosed environments may have deleterious effects on mental health and plasma parameters. This study aimed to determine the effect of dim regulation on the submarine personnel of Iranian Navy forces by radiating devices according to natural circadian sunlight shifts. Also, this study aimed to investigate the impact of mimicking sunlight circadian by artificial radiance luminating devices on the serological and psychological measures of submarine personnel.
Method: Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups in this non-randomized controlled trial. There were 26 participants in each group, and they were all male aged 21-29 years. Both groups were living in the submarine underground hall, with 120 meters 2 area with constant radiance with the same intensity. The experimental group had been given extra lighting devices with changing radiance intensity according to the natural sunlight circadian cycles. Plasma melatonin levels and depression and anxiety scores were determined before and after the experiment for both groups. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Cattell’s Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (IPAT) were used to measure depression and anxiety, respectively.
Results: Findings indicate that the plasma melatonin levels (-16.2±13.6 vs 8.0±9.3 mg/dL, respectively; p<0.001), depression scores (-6±6 vs 3.9±5.4, respectively; p<0.001), and anxiety scores (-1±1.2 vs 0.73±1.04, respectively; p<0.001) significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Using radiance dimmers, with a radiance intensity regularity according to the sunlight, is effective in improving psychiatric and plasma parameters and can be used in closed occupational environments such as underground environments and submarine halls.
Can Parents Improve the Quality of Life of Their Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
Authors: Kousha Maryam , Abbasi Kakrodi Mohammad
Published: May 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mothers’ Group psychoeducation on Quality of Life (QoL) of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Method: In this clinical trial, 60 mothers of ADHD children were randomly divided into two groups (30 participants in each group). An educational program based on Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) was performed for the intervention group, while only pharmacotherapy was provided for the control group. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Peds QL) was completed by all 60 mothers before, eight week, and three months after intervention. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, and K-square or paired t test were used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 60 mothers participated in this study. Of their children, 80% were boys and 20% were girls. The mean of the total score of QoL increased significantly in the intervention group at week eight and three months after the intervention. Also, the mean scores of emotional, social, school and psychosocial domains, but not physical domain of QoL, found to be higher in ADHD children after intervention (p< 0.05).
The total score of QoL and mean scores of domains increased in the posttest in the control group, but it was not significant (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: A significant increase in the total score of QoL was reported by mothers in the posttest compared to the pretest in the experimental group, which showed that educating parents can improve the QoL of their ADHD children.
What Psychiatric Interventions Are Used for Anxiety Disorders in Infertile Couples? A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Parsa Parisa , Kalhori Fatemeh , Mohagheghi Hossein , Mohammadi Younes
Published: May 2019

Objective: Infertility causes psychological and social problems in many infertile women, men, and couples, and the most common of which is anxiety. Also, assisted reproductive treatments (ART) increase anxiety. Numerous medical and community associations have strongly recommended psychosocial interventions and counselling to help infertile couples.
Method: A review was done on studies published from 1982 to 2018 that were indexed in Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus. The references of each article were used for more resources and references.
Results: Most psychosocial interventions were effective on infertile women, men, and couples. These articles showed a significant decrease in anxiety with CBT interventions, body-mind interventions, and other interventions.
Conclusion: All interventions based on CBT, most interventions based on body-mind, and some other interventions are effective in treating anxiety in infertile women and men.
Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Prevention of Depression and Anxiety in Iranian Adolescents: Protocol Development and Initial Outcome Data
Authors: Mohammadi Abolfazl , Soleimani Mehdi , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Abasi Imaneh , Foroughi Ali Akbar
Published: May 2019

Objective: Cognitive-behavioral interventions have been used as effective approaches for the treatment and prevention of depression and anxiety. However, to date, no anxiety and depression prevention guidelines package has been developed for Iranian adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop transdiagnostic prevention program of anxiety and depression for Iranian adolescents and to assess the effectiveness of this program in a sample of adolescents.
Method: Based on evidence-based literatures on CBT interventions, transdiagnostic prevention program was developed and its content and face validity was assessed and established by three clinical psychologies (Ph.D.) and a psychiatrist (child and adolescent postdoctoral). Then, in a semi-experimental design, 62 students were recruited from a school in Tehran by purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned in to experimental (n = 40) and control (n = 22) groups. They participated in 8 sessions of intervention based on the developed program. Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)- Child Version and Parent Version- were used to gather the data before, after, and 3 months after intervention.
Results: Results of ANCOVA, controlling for the effect of pretest score, showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between experimental and control groups in SAD, panic, MDD, separation anxiety, GAD, OCD, total anxiety, and total anxiety-depression for parent and child in pretest and posttest.
Conclusion: Transdiagnostic prevention package for anxiety and depression had no significant effect on reducing anxiety and depression of adolescents. Using an inappropriate measure, difficulties with timing of assessment, and lower severity of pre-intervention anxiety and depression due to universal prevention and sample recruited, might have affected the present findings. Discussion would be clearer and more complete by analyzing follow-up results and education performance in the future.
A model for the evaluation of competence-based learning implementation in higher education institutions: Criteria and indicators
Authors: Bezanilla María José , García Olalla Ana María , Paños Castro Jessica , Poblete Ruiz Manuel
Published: May 2019

Almost twenty years after the Bologna Declaration was signed, the extent to which universities are embracing competence-based learning is a topic of much interest. This article presents a comprehensive model for the analysis of the implementation of competence-based learning (CBL) in Higher Education. An extensive bibliographic review was carried out on the concept of competence-based learning and on each of its constituent elements, with a view to proposing a model made up of seven dimensions and a set of evaluation criteria and indicators. The areas reviewed were the legal and administrative context, the institutional context, the degree programme planning process (including the individual modules/subjects within it), teaching practices and their assessment, and the review and improvement of the overall process. This explanatory model can be very useful to universities, particularly from Spain and Latin America, for assessing their level of implementation of competence-based learning, and identifying their strengths and areas for development.Received: 11 April 2019Accepted: 20 May 2019Published online: 29 May 2019
Community Setting as a Determinant of Health for Indigenous Peoples Living in the Prairie Provinces of Canada: High Rates and Advanced Presentations of Tuberculosis
Authors: Mayan Maria , Gokiert Rebecca , Robinson Tristan , Tremblay Melissa , Abonyi Sylvia , Morley Kirstyn , Long Richard
Published: May 2019

Indigenous Peoples in Canada experience disproportionately high tuberculosis (TB) rates, and those living in the Prairie Provinces have the most advanced TB presentations (Health Canada, 2009). The community settings (i.e., urban centres, non-remote reserves, remote reserves, and isolated reserves) where Indigenous Peoples live can help explain high TB rates. Through qualitative description, we identify how community setting influenced Indigenous people’s experiences by (a) delaying accurate diagnoses; (b) perpetuating shame and stigma; and (c) limiting understanding of the disease. Participants living in urban centres experienced significant difficulties obtaining an accurate diagnosis. Reserve community participants feared being shamed and stigmatized. TB information had little impact on participants’ TB knowledge, regardless of where they lived. Multiple misdiagnoses (primarily among urban centre participants), being shamed for having the disease (primarily reserve community participants), and a lack of understanding of TB can all contribute to advanced presentations and high rates of the disease among Indigenous Peoples of the Prairie Provinces.
Escola, formação humana e a contribuição pedagógica de Dermeval Saviani no cenário contemporâneo
Authors: Lopes de Lima João Francisco
Published: May 2019

O presente estudo analisa o pensamento pedagógico de Dermeval Saviani acerca das relações entre escola, formação humana e democracia, considerando o seu embasamento filosófico, as implicações pedagógicas e a possibilidade de diálogo de sua teoria pedagógica com o cenário educacional contemporâneo, marcado pelas características do pós-moderno. O estudo, de caráter bibliográfico, tomou como material de análise os textos do autor que tratam sobre a teoria pedagógica de modo direto e outros que trazem o tema ou seus elementos de modo indireto e que possibilitaram esclarecer questões postas no curso da reflexão. Este artigo percorre um breve histórico sobre o autor, sobre o contexto que gerou a sua teoria pedagógica, aponta a influência filosófica de Marx e de Gramsci, verifica como o autor dialoga com seus críticos e como se posiciona diante da evidência da crise do modelo socialista e da emergência do pós-moderno no cenário contemporâneo. Por fim, reconhecendo a pluralidade epistemológica e social do cenário pós-moderno, considera a possível contribuição da pedagogia histórico-crítica para a educação contemporânea
Modern Marketing Communication in Tourism
Authors: Švajdová Lenka
Published: May 2019

Mass tourism is a significant contributor to the development not only of regional but also national economies and generally, it is presented by tourism destination. Despite certain tendencies in preference for individual tourism, it is expected that mass tourism and mass tourism destination will continue to play a dominant role in the future. The present paper is dedicated to the topic of possible usage of modern tools of marketing communication in the management of mass tourism destination. Particular characteristics of its product are having an influence on the usage and effectiveness of traditional forms of marketing communication (advertising, exhibitions, etc.) in the presentation of a mass tourism destination and on the other hand, the possible preference of using new modern trends of marketing communication. The aim of this article is based on analysis of primary, secondary data and field observations to evaluate the possibility and critical factors of usage of selected forms of modern tools of marketing communication like internet marketing, social media, mobile marketing and the world of mouth marketing, etc. The result will be the evaluation of usage of modern marketing communication and its current state of the application in the propagation of mass tourism destinations including a proposal of some recommendations for their next application.
The Role of Politics in Governance and Service Delivery: Focus on Water Provision in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Olubunmi Lukman LAWAL , Samuel Oluwaseyi OLORUNFEMI
Published: May 2019

This study examines the role of politics in governance and service delivery (with a particular interest in water provision) in Akure, Nigeria. To achieve the above, the following objectives were made: examine the part of politics in water delivery in Akure by evaluating the roles of past and present administrations (1999-2017) in water delivery, identify various factors inhibiting and enhancing water delivery in the area. To fully capture these objectives, four residential neighborhoods (Ijapo Housing Estate, Shagari Village, Oke-Ogba and Alaba-Layout Apatapiti) were purposively selected for questionnaires administration. The numbers of residential buildings in the four selected locations were determined to represent the research population. In all, there are two thousand eight hundred and eight one (2881) residential buildings in the neighborhoods. Using systematic sampling method of selecting one head of household at every 10th building intervals across the locations, two hundred and eighty-eight (288) copies of questionnaire were administered, collated and analyzed. Also, the General Manager of Ondo State Water Corporation saddled with the responsibility of providing water to the teeming inhabitants of Akure was investigated. Data obtained from both sources were collated and analyzed and presented using the descriptive statistical method. The results revealed the policies, programmes, pitfalls, and achievements of successive governments of Ondo State in Water provision from 1999-2017. Based on these findings, practicable and insightful recommendations were made.
The Place of Politics in Social Protection Program: Focus on Infant and Maternal Health Care Delivery in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Samuel Oluwaseyi OLORUNFEMI , Olubunmi Lukman LAWAL
Published: May 2019

The study examines the place of politics in infant and maternal health care delivery in Akure. To achieve this, the following objectives were made: assess the magnitude of infant birth and death as well as maternal death in the study area from 2003-2017, identify the causes of infant and maternal death in Akure, examine the relationship between politics and infant and maternal health care through policies and programmes instituted by various administrations and identify challenges facing infant and maternal health care delivery in Akure. To successfully capture these objectives, two governments owned hospitals (Mother and Child Hospital and Ondo State Specialist Hospital Akure) were selected for the administration of questionnaires. In all, eighty (80) women that have made use of the hospitals during pregnancy and child care stage were randomly and purposefully selected from the record file of the hospitals for the purpose of questionnaire administration. Likewise, the Chief Medical Directors of the two hospitals were interviewed. Data obtained were collated and presented using the descriptive statistical method. Findings revealed the policies, programmes, and accomplishments of successive governments of Ondo State from 2003-2017. The study recommends that successive government at all levels irrespective of political or party affiliation should make infant and maternal health care free most especially to the poor and the vulnerable group in the society.
Board Characteristics and Intellectual Capital Performance: A Comparison of Service vs. Manufacturing Firms in India
Authors: Bharathi Kamath G
Published: May 2019

Purpose: This study aims at analysing the board characteristics of select manufacturing and service firms in India. It attempts to explore whether these characteristics influence Intellectual capital (IC) efficiency of service sector firms or manufacturing firms.

Design: The study uses panel data and multiple regression to examine the firms’ performance. The period of study is three years from 2015-16 to 2017-18; thirty firms each from manufacturing and service sector is taken for study.

Findings: The empirical evidence is quite interesting. The board characteristics of both groups have varied differences. It can also be observed clearly that the impact of board characteristics on IC performance is more in the service sector than in the manufacturing sector.

Research limitations/implications: the study focusses only on select firms from manufacturing and service sector as a preliminary study. The study can be expanded to cover sectors and industries.

Originality and value: There are several research studies that try to explore the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of firms. However, there are none which looks into their impact on the intangible performance of firms.
Issues of Electronic Waste on Life - A Reality
Authors: Mitra Saurabh , Chatterjee Mitra Jayati
Published: May 2019

Electronic waste or e-squander is one of the quickest developing issues of the world. E-squander involves a large number of parts, some containing poisonous substances that can adversely affect human wellbeing and the earth if not dealt with legitimately. In India, e-squander the board expect more noteworthy essentialness not just because of the age of its own e-squander, yet additionally as a result of the dumping of e-squander from created nations. This is combined with India's absence of proper foundation and methods for its transfer and reusing. The generation of electrical and electronic gear (EEE) is one of the quickest developing worldwide assembling exercises. Quick monetary development, combined with urbanization and developing an interest for customer merchandise, has expanded both the utilization and the creation of EEE. The Indian data innovation (IT) industry has been one of the real drivers of progress in the economy in the most recent decade and has contributed essentially to the advanced unrest being experienced by the world. New electronic contraptions and machines have invaded each part of our everyday lives, furnishing our general public with more solace, wellbeing, and security and with simple data procurement and trade. The information society anyway is making its own poisonous impressions.
Public Transparency in Brazil and the Open Government Partnership – OGP
Authors: Paulo Cançado Dias Joao , Jose Lustosa da Costa Frederico , De Oliveira Almeida Gustavo
Published: May 2019

The present work presents some transformations that have occurred in Brazil in recent years in the public transparency aspect, mainly in view of the legal structure after the signing of the Open Government Partnership (OGP) treaty. In summary, it exposes beyond the legal apparatus, the growth of the portal of public transparency and the classification of the country regarding the opening of public information, theme of item 2 - Transparency and Open Government. Contemporary literature has addressed the potential of the Internet to broaden the possibilities of bringing together the State and society by providing information on legislative activities and governmental procedures, contributing to a greater possibility for citizens to know and make use of their rights and how to act more actively as a social actor. With the use of Information and Communication Technology, especially after the various legal aspects adopted by Brazil, this public participation has expanded and gained more relevance. Briefly, the opening of public information increases the level of confidence of the administrations and enables the wide inspection of citizens, legitimizing and strengthening the presence of the state and in accordance with constitutional principles.
Constitution of Jammu & Kashmir & Women Rights: Perception on Violation of Women Rights in District Baramulla of J&K
Authors: Ahmad Bhat Rouf , Deshpande Anita
Published: May 2019

The purpose and objective of this study are to explore and examine the provisions under the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) which have direct relevance to the rights, equality, liberty, and justice of women folk in the state. This study makes a detailed analysis of perceptions about the violation of women rights in district Baramulla of J&K. The research participants in this study are categorized into two groups working and non-working women. The nature of this study is exploratory and is largely based on the data collected from primary sources in the field with a well-structured interview schedule. The results indicate that the majority of research participants have witnessed various forms of violences including domestic violence, sexual harassment at the workplace, and discrimination in inheritance rights. The results of this study will be helpful for policymakers in drafting the policies and securing women from various forms of violence’s. This study will also be very helpful for women to get a detailed outlook and awareness of rights contained under the various provisions of the J&K Constitution.
Assessment of Pre-Service Teachers’ Turnover Intentions in Relation to the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals through Teacher Preparation in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oyebode Stephen OYETORO , Bosede Abimbola ADESINA , Mujidat Olabisi SALAWUDEEN
Published: May 2019

The study which was extracted from a larger study on the predictors of teaching efficacy of pre-service teachers (PRESETs) considered the implications of PRESETs’ turnover intentions in the quest to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through teacher preparation. The paper argued that discussions and directions on using teacher education to achieve SDGs agenda by 2030 in Nigeria should prima facie establish that a significant number of teacher candidates would be motivated to stay in the teaching profession. The study utilized a descriptive survey research design. The sample comprised four hundred and four PRESETs who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Results showed that for every 400 teacher trainee candidates only about 29% are likely to end up in the teaching profession other things remaining the same. The implications of the present study for the achievement of the SDGs are also discussed.
Classificação de Refrigerantes por Parâmetros Físico-Químicos e PCA
Authors: Oliveira Sérgio B. de , Pereira Raquel O. , Ribeiro Keisy O. , Oliveira Anselmo E. de
Published: May 2019

PCA é empregada como metodologia de reconhecimento de padrões de 18 marcas de refrigerantes dos tipos cola, laranja e guaraná, de acordo com as características pH, sacarose, acidez total, índice de refração, viscosidade e os teores de ácido sórbico e benzóico. Gráfi cos dos scores das duas componentes principais explicam cerca de 60% da variância total dos dados. Sacarose, ácido benzóico e a acidez total são as características principais para PC1, enquanto que os scores para a PC2 resultaram das características de viscosidade relativa e do teor de ácido sórbico.
Desenvolvimento de Formulações Injetáveis de Oxitetraciclina para Liberação Prolongada
Authors: Cabral Lúcio M. , Dornelas Camila B.
Published: May 2019

Oxitetraciclina é um antibiótico de largo espectro do grupo das tetraciclinas produzido por S. Rimosus é efetivo contra bactérias gram (-) e (+). O seu cloridrato é utilizado sob a forma de injetável no tratamento de infecções bacterianas e protozóicas humanas e veterinárias. Diferentes estudos têm sido conduzidos visando ao desenvolvimento de formulações de liberação prolongada. Na formulação estudada, focou-se na estabilidade física do produto, impedindo a gelifi cação ou precipitação, sem obter um produto de coloração muito escura. Foi obtida uma formulação de propriedades satisfatórias, muito sensível à qualidade do solvente orgânico utilizado, transponível para fabricação industrial.
Propriedade Industrial como Instrumento Indutor de Inovação e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico no Setor Produtivo
Authors: Santos Nivaldo dos , Romeiro Viviane
Published: May 2019

Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de considerações a respeito da Gestão da Propriedade Industrial como propulsora de inovação e desenvolvimento tecnológico nas empresas. Pretende-se discutir as fases do processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico através do gerenciamento de Patentes como ferramenta para obter Inovação, presumindo que as organizações podem identifi car novas tecnologias e antecipar mudanças futuras a fim de maximizar a criação de riqueza em um ambiente global de crescimento.
Aspectos da Síntese Orgânica no Desenvolvimento de Métodos e de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas
Authors: Rocha David Rodrigues da , Ferreira Vitor Francisco , Santos Wilson da Costa
Published: May 2019

A síntese orgânica é um dos pilares da indústria farmoquímica. Igualmente a outras áreas da ciência, avanços ocorrem rapidamente. Os processos químicos são inovados com novas reações, condições reacionais mais simples, acoplamento de reações, processos multicomponentes, novos catalisadores mais eficientes, etc. As indústrias de insumos de química fina e farmoquímicas precisam estar alerta para esta evolução, não apenas para a procura de novos fármacos, como também para os processos implantados, visando sempre a uma melhor adequação destes às novas demandas ambientais. Este trabalho procura enfatizar as questões relacionadas com as políticas industriais e como estas estão relacionadas às estratégias utilizadas no planejamento de uma síntese.
Estudo Químico Quântico da Adsorção dos Gases O2 e H2 sobre a Ftalocianina de Alumínio
Authors: Silva Valter H. C. , Camargo Ademir J. , Napolitano Hamilton B. , Oliveira Anselmo E. de
Published: May 2019

Visando o desenvolvimento de novos materiais que possam ser utilizados na construção de sensores químicos seletivos para o oxigênio e dispositivos armazenadores de hidrogênio, cálculos teóricos DFT/B3LYP/6–31G(d) foram realizados nos complexos [AlPc]+ , [AlPc]0 , [(O2 )AlPc]+ , [(O2 )AlPc]0 , [(H2 )AlPc]+ e [(H2 )AlPc]0 com o programa Gaussian03. Os resultados mostram que há uma forte adsorção do O2 na AlPc, tanto no estado oxidado (–44,62 Kcal/mol) quanto no estado reduzido (–108,71Kcal/mol). Essa adsorção química leva a alterações estruturais e eletrônicas da AlPc que possibilita a sua utilização na construção de um sensor químico seletivo para a detecção de O2 . A adsorção física do H2 mostra que a AlPc pode ainda ser usada no desenvolvimento de dispositivos armazenadores de H2.
Preparação e Avaliação de Novos Nanosistemas Terapêuticos de Liberação Prolongada de Bentonita – Aciclovir
Authors: Carmo Flávia Almada do , Cabral Lúcio Mendes , Dornelas Camila Braga , Villardi Michele
Published: May 2019

Fármacos antivirais, em especial aqueles que apresentam baixa estabilidade e destinados ao uso tópico, podem ter sua eficácia farmacológica modulada pelo controle de sua liberação a partir da forma farmacêutica na qual este é veiculado. Como possibilidades para sua formulação, considera-se como mais evidente a preparação de sistemas de liberação modificada de fármacos. A nanotecnologia, em especial, excipientes a base de nanocompósitos fármaco – “silicato lamelar”, figura entre as melhores alternativas tecnológicas disponíveis para esta finalidade. Neste trabalho, tomou-se como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de novos nanomateriais e nanocompósitos como sistemas carreadores de fármacos, focando-se, em ambos os casos, na otimização da liberação do aciclovir de forma a possibilitar seu uso como um novo sistema de liberação modificada, tanto de uso oral como de uso tópico.
Base de Dados de Propriedades Farmacocinéticas: uma Contribuição Fundamental na Pesquisa de Novos Fármacos
Authors: Moda Tiago L. , Andricopulo Adriano D.
Published: May 2019

Os desafios enfrentados pela indústria farmacêutica são enormes em todas as etapas do processo de descoberta e desenvolvimento de fármacos. Um medicamento para uso em humanos deve apresentar um balanço ideal de eficácia e segurança, bem como de suas propriedades farmacocinéticas. A primeira base de dados brasileira para o estudo de propriedades farmacocinéticas foi lançada recentemente na Universidade de São Paulo, sendo batizada de PK/DB. As informações sobre mais de 1,2 mil fármacos são disponíveis na base PK/DB, incluindo mais de 2,9 mil medidas de várias propriedades farmacocinéticas. PK/DB possui acesso livre e rápido, incluindo também uma ferramenta integrada de predição in silico de propriedades farmacocinéticas e físicoquímicas. PK/DB é uma contribuição 100% nacional, representando notável inovação tecnológica na área de P&D de fármacos.
Estudo Comparativo da Atividade Antimicrobiana da Ciprofloxacina, Gentamicina e Ceftriaxona
Authors: Genaro Angelma , Lopes Carlos Alberto de Magalhães
Published: May 2019

E. coli é a causa mais comum de infecção urinária, sendo responsável por 90%, ou mais, das infecções adquiridas na comunidade, onde sua resistência a diversas drogas tem sido motivo de preocupação das autoridades. O trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a eficácia da ciprofloxacina, ampicilina e ceftriaxona “in vitro” na forma de medicamento de referência e de medicamento genérico. Foram obtidas 79 linhagens provenientes de urina de pacientes com infecção urinária internados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2004. Foi analisado a suscetibilidade in vitro através da Determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM). Os resultados demonstraram que a ciprofloxacina e a ceftriaxona não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os medicamentos genéricos e de referência ao contrário do que foi observado com a ampicilina. Esses dados mostram a eficácia dos medicamentos genéricos quando comparados com os de referência.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of the Healing After MTA Application on Mechanical Furcal Perforations in Primary Molars-part2
Authors: Aldayri Baraa , Nourallah Abdul Wahab , Badr Faek
Published: May 2019

Aim: aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic healing after repairing mechanical furcal perforations that occurred in primary molars by using MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) and search in some factors that may affect the prognosis of the treatment. Materials & Methods: we had 34 primary molars in 32 children aged 5–10 years, were treated by using MTA material after the occurrence of furcal perforation during pulpotomy procedure. Cases had been followed clinically and radiographically within 12 months. Statistical analyses were performed at p-value = 0.05. Results: All teeth were asymptomatic at the first week. Overall success rate was 79.3%. There was no significant statistically differences between overall-success rates according to the perforation size and continues bleeding in the furcation area (p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Iatrogenic furcal perforations that may occur during pulpotomy in primary molars can be treated successfully by using MTA, and small sized-perforations may have more favorable prognosis than the large ones.  Iatrogenic furcal perforations that may occur during pulpotomy in primary molars can be treated successfully by using MTA, and small sized- perforations may have more favorable prognosis than the large ones.
Ultrasensitive ELISA Developed for Diagnosis
Authors: Iha Kanako , Inada Mikio , Kawada Naoki , Nakaishi Kazunari , Watabe Satoshi , Tan Yong Hong , Shen Chieh , Ke Liang-Yin , Yoshimura Teruki , Ito Etsuro
Published: May 2019

For the diagnosis of disease, the ability to quantitatively detect trace amounts of the causal proteins from bacteria/viruses as biomarkers in patient specimens is highly desirable. Here we introduce a simple, rapid, and colorimetric assay as a de novo, ultrasensitive detection method. This ultrasensitive assay consists of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling, forming an ultrasensitive ELISA, in which the signal substrate (i.e., thio-NADH) accumulates in a triangular manner, and the accumulated thio-NADH is measured at its maximum absorption wavelength of 400 nm. We have successfully achieved a limit of detection of ca. 10–18 moles/assay for a target protein. As an example of infectious disease detection, HIV-1 p24 could be measured at 0.0065 IU/assay (i.e., 10−18 moles/assay), and as a marker for a lifestyle-related disease, adiponectin could be detected at 2.3 × 10−19 moles/assay. In particular, despite the long-held belief that the trace amounts of adiponectin in urine can only be detected using a radioisotope, our ultrasensitive ELISA was able to detect urinary adiponectin. This method is highly versatile, because simply changing the antibody enables the detection of various proteins. This assay system requires only the measurement of absorbance, thus it requires equipment that is easily obtained by medical facilities, which facilitates diagnosis in hospitals and clinics. Moreover, we describe an expansion of our ultrasensitive ELISA to a non-amplification nucleic acid detection method for nucleic acids using hybridization. These de novo methods will enable simple, rapid, and accurate diagnosis.
Religious Pluralism and Decolonization of Indian Mind
Authors: Shmelev Ilya , Pavenkov Oleg , Starovoytenko Elena
Published: May 2019

This article presents the study of religious pluralism and decolonization of Indian mind in Russia. The paper analyzes the investigation results concerning psychological features of modern Indian students from universities in Russia and India. For measuring of connection between religious pluralism and decolonization of Indian mind we made socio-psychological investigation of Indian students. We made 254 semi-structured interview with Indian students who are studying in Russia and India. According to the result of investigation that decolonization of Indian mind is connected with the level of religious pluralism. Among the values principles of religious pluralism get more significance and importance in decolonizing mind of Indian students.
Molecular characterization of human isolates of Strongyloides stercoralis and Rhabditis spp. based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1)
Authors: Tehrani Mandana Fadaei , Sharifdini Meysam , Zahabiun Farzaneh , Latifi Robabeh , Kia Eshrat bigom
Published: May 2019

Background: In microscopical examinations of stool samples, S. stercoralis may be miss-diagnosed with other nematodes infecting human digestive system, especially Rhabditis species that release larvae in stool samples. The aim of this study was molecular characterization and differentiation of human derived isolates of S. stercoralis and Rhabditis species based on the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) amplification. Methods: Using parasitological methods, ten isolates of S. stercoralis and three isolates of Rhabditis spp. were obtained from fresh stool samples of patients and the genomic DNA of the samples were extracted. PCR amplification of cox1 gene was carried out for all the isolates and the products were sequenced. Results: The phylogenetic analysis illustrated that S. stercoralis and Rhabditis spp. isolates were placed in two distinguishable separate clades. Inter-species genetic variation between isolates of S. stercoralis and Rhabditis spp. were ranged from 13.5 to 14.5%. Conclusions: Cox1 gene was a suitable marker for discrimination of S. stercoralis from Rhabditis spp. retrieved from human in the current study.
Anticipated HIV Stigma Among HIV Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Liu Chuncheng , Zhang Ye , Pan Stepen W , Cao Bolin , Ong Jason J , Fu Hongyun , Wu Dan , Fu Rong , Wei Chongyi , Tucker Joseph D , Tang Weiming
Published: May 2019

Background: Anticipated HIV stigma, i.e., the expectation of adverse experiences from one’s seroconversion, is associated with both negative psychological and behavioral outcomes. We know little about anticipated HIV stigma’s relationship with emerging technologies, such as HIV self-testing (HIVST) and online sex-seeking platforms, that have become popular among populations that are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. This study examined correlates of anticipated HIV stigma among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: In July 2016, MSM who were ≥ 16 years old and self-reported as HIV negative or unknown were recruited from a gay mobile phone application in China. Information regarding socio-demographics, sexual behaviors, sexual health service utilization, and anticipated HIV stigma were collected. Anticipated HIV stigma (i.e., negative attitude toward future stigmatization of HIV seroconversion by others) was measured as the mean score from a 7-item Likert-scale ranging from 1 (low) to 4 (high). Generalized linear models were conducted to examine the factors associated with the anticipated HIV stigma scores.

Results: Overall, 2006 men were recruited. Most men completed high school (1308/2006, 65.2%) and had an annual personal income of ≤ 9200 USD (1431/2006, 71.3%). The mean anticipated HIV stigma score for the participants was 2.98±0.64. Using social media to seek sexual partners was associated with higher anticipated HIV stigma (Adjusted β=0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05 to 0.17, p=0.001). HIV self-testing (Adjusted β=–0.07, 95%CI: -0.13 to -0.01, p=0.02) and having disclosed one’s sexual orientation to a healthcare provider (Adjusted β=-0.16, 95%CI: -0.22 to -0.96, p<0.001) were associated with lower anticipated HIV stigma.

Conclusion: Our data suggested that anticipated HIV stigma is still common among Chinese MSM not living with HIV. Tailored anti-HIV stigma campaigns on social media are especially needed, and promotion of HIVST may be a promising approach.
Canonical Beauty – Aesthetic Criteria and the Origins of Racism
Authors: V. Mihajlović Vladimir
Published: May 2019

The term race has had a number of often mutually opposed meanings – it has been used to denote ethnic, linguistic, social, territorial, as well as other groups. The aesthetic criteria have played a very important role in the establishment of the idea of race, itself being not a cause but an expression of racism. This apparently neutral measure has been chosen deliberately, with the aim to confirm the supremacy of the European white race. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the required aesthetic role models were recognized in the treasuries of Classical Greece. Ancient Hellas – as established in the writings of J. J. Winckelmann and his followers – was the fount of all virtue, wisdom, and everlasting beauty. Thus the somatic characteristics were linked to intellectual and spiritual values, through a scientific and seemingly neutral process of measurement. The theory of evolution, as well as numerous reactions to it, enabled the representation of the differences between “races” as almost unsurpassable, in spite of the faith in the common ancestry of mankind. As the final outcome of the process, cultural differences became biological, and the domination of the Western societies was furnished by the scientific proof and legitimacy.
“Early Classical Settlements” and the Iron Age of the Central Balkans: Issues of Ethnic Identity
Authors: Vranić Ivan
Published: May 2019

In the Balkan archaeologies, ethnic identity has been traditionally treated as a stable and monolithic category, readily recognizable in the material culture. The issue of “ethnogenesis” of the Palaeo-Balkan “peoples” is the dominant topic and the basic research subject in culture-historical archaeology, today regarded as the consequence of the modern European nationalisms. Starting from the constructivist point, the paper seeks to examine the interpretations of ethnicity in the Balkan Iron Age, on the example of the so-called “early Classical settlements” – a series of mutually very similar fortified settlements located in the vast lands of the Balkan hinterland, today in the territory of several modern states. These settlements are broadly dated into the period from the 5th to the 3rd centuries BC, and have traditionally been interpreted as the final phase of the ethnogenesis of the Palaeo-Balkan communities, supposed to have been living in “tribal states”, whose population has been recognized as “people” or even “nation”. In the traditional literature, the ethnic characteristics have been readily recognized, projecting directly the modern socio-political structures onto the communities of the past that could have been founded on completely different group identity or political organization. The paper deals with the issue of the political aspects of these interpretations in various Balkan countries, favoring certain Palaeo-Balkan communities, and an attempt is made to contextualize these nationalistic narratives into the present.
Josef Obrebski's Anthropological Research on Macedonia
Authors: Risteski Ljupčo
Published: May 2019

It seems that through history, Macedonia, as an anthropological topic, was treated as a peripheral destination, and was not especially attractive for anthropologists. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, Macedonia and the Balkans in general, became interesting for ethnographers and researchers from other social disciplines. Josef Obrebski, who was primarily educated as an ethnographer and Slavist, was one of the first researchers that conducted anthropological research in a Macedonian village of Volche, in Poreche in 1932-33. Josef Obrebski followed the idea that a detailed anthropological research of European cultural and social heritage should be done, thus discovering the most archaic forms of social life of the patriarchal communities in one’s own European environment, aiming to better understand the contemporary social events at the Continent.
How do European Young Muslims View European Identity?
Authors: Radeljić Branislav
Published: May 2019

This paper examines the situation in the European Union where the growing presence of Muslim communities has already taken place. The initial understanding of the then European Economic Community as Christian Democratic, thus as Catholic, is no longer valid. In fact, from a social constructivist perspective, the presence of Muslims has posed a challenge and led to numerous debates relating to what has been promoted as European identity. Accordingly, this qualitative paper focuses on the coexistence of the two identities and questions to what extent young, EU-born, Muslims are ready to accept European identity, or, by contrast, continue to cultivate their own Muslim identity. The paper argues that the young Muslims can be divided into three different groups – traditionalists, neo-traditionalists and liberals, a division that is easily ignored by the society and, more importantly, policy makers, who consider only the first category when portraying Islam as a serious challenge to European identity. Conclusively, the paper notes that bigger efforts are needed on behalf of both the Europeans and the Muslims, efforts that will lead to successful co-existence and validate the EU’s cosmopolitan approach towards its otherness.