bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gamma-band modulation in the human amygdala during reaching movements
Authors: Gogia Angad S. , Martin Del Campo-Vera Roberto , Chen Kuang-Hsuan , Sebastian Rinu , Nune George , Kramer Daniel R. , Lee Morgan B. , Tafreshi Ali R. , Barbaro Michael F. , Liu Charles Y. , Kellis Spencer , Lee Brian
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

Motor brain-computer interface (BCI) represents a new frontier in neurological surgery that could provide significant benefits for patients living with motor deficits. Both the primary motor cortex and posterior parietal cortex have successfully been used as a neural source for human motor BCI, leading to interest in exploring other brain areas involved in motor control. The amygdala is one area that has been shown to have functional connectivity to the motor system; however, its role in movement execution is not well studied. Gamma oscillations (30–200 Hz) are known to be prokinetic in the human cortex, but their role is poorly understood in subcortical structures. Here, the authors use direct electrophysiological recordings and the classic “center-out” direct-reach experiment to study amygdaloid gamma-band modulation in 8 patients with medically refractory epilepsy.

METHODS

The study population consisted of 8 epilepsy patients (2 men; age range 21–62 years) who underwent implantation of micro-macro depth electrodes for seizure localization and EEG monitoring. Data from the macro contacts sampled at 2000 Hz were used for analysis. The classic center-out direct-reach experiment was used, which consists of an intertrial interval phase, a fixation phase, and a response phase. The authors assessed the statistical significance of neural modulation by inspecting for nonoverlapping areas in the 95% confidence intervals of spectral power for the response and fixation phases.

RESULTS

In 5 of the 8 patients, power spectral analysis showed a statistically significant increase in power within regions of the gamma band during the response phase compared with the fixation phase. In these 5 patients, the 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals of trial-averaged power in contiguous frequencies of the gamma band during the response phase were above, and did not overlap with, the confidence intervals of trial-averaged power during the fixation phase.

CONCLUSIONS

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that direct neural recordings have been used to show gamma-band modulation in the human amygdala during the execution of voluntary movement. This work indicates that gamma-band modulation in the amygdala could be a contributing source of neural signals for use in a motor BCI system.
Posterior atlantoaxial fixation with new subfacetal axis screw trajectory avoiding vertebral artery with customized variable screw placement plate and screws to enhance biomechanics of fixation
Authors: Patkar Sushil
Published: July 2020

Fixation for atlantoaxial dislocation is a challenging issue, and posterior C1 lateral mass and C2 pars–pedicle screw plate–rod construct is the standard of care for atlantoaxial instability. However, vertebral artery injury remains a potential complication. Recent literature has focused on intraoperative navigation, the O-arm, 3D printing, and recently use of robots for perfecting the trajectory and screw position to avoid disastrous injury to the vertebral artery and enhance the rigidity of fixation. These technological advances increase the costs of the surgery and are available only in select centers in the developed world.

Review of the axis bone anatomy and study of the stress lines caused by weight transmission reveal that the bone below the articular surface of the superior facet is consistently dense as it lies along the line of weight transmission A new trajectory for the axis screw 3–5 mm below the midpoint of the facet joint and directed downward and medially avoids the course of the vertebral artery and holds the axis rigidly. Divergent screw constructs are biomechanically stronger. Variable screw placement (VSP) plates with long shaft screws permit manipulation of the vertebrae and realignment of the facets to the correct reduced position with fixation in the compression mode.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/E1msiKjM-aA
Mobilization of the high-riding vertebral artery for C2 screw insertion
Authors: Goel Atul
Published: July 2020

The basic surgical steps in the Goel technique of atlantoaxial fixation involve exposure of the atlantoaxial articulation, denuding of the articular cartilage, stuffing of bone graft pieces within the articular cavity, and subsequent instrumentation.

“High-riding” vertebral artery in relationship to the pedicle-facet of C2 has been widely recognized to be a factor that makes insertion of the C2 pedicle-facet screw difficult or impossible. In this video, a technique of exposure and mobilization of the high-riding vertebral artery to permit safe C2 screw insertion is shown. An alternative option in the presence of such a high-riding vertebral artery is to use either C2 laminar or inferior facetal screw insertion.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/LjxxINmzph0
РЕКРЕАЦІЙНА ЄМНІСТЬ ПРИБЕРЕЖНОЇ СМУГИ БІЛОГО ОЗЕРА У БАСЕЙНІ МАЛОЇ РІЧКИ БЕРЕЗИНА РІВНЕНСЬКОГО ПРИРОДНОГО ЗАПОВІДНИКА
Authors: Gopchak I. V. , Yakovyshyna M. S.
Published: July 2020

Це дослідження було спрямоване на розрахунок рекреаційної ємності прибережної смуги Білого озера в басейні малої річки Березина в Рівненському природному заповіднику. Матеріалом для написання роботи були дані, зібрані під час польових досліджень 2018 з кількістю рекреантів, стану природних комплексів прибережної смуги Білого озера, характеристика лісу. Розрахунки проводилися за двома методиками. Розташована між річками Стохід, Прип'ять і Стир ділянка водно-болотних угідь «Біле озеро і болото Коза-Березина» включає велику зону евтрофних і мезотрофних боліт, глибоке оліготрофне карстове озеро, болотні ліси, соснові ліси і  невелику річку Березину, що протікає через болото. Водноболотний комплекс відіграє важливу роль у підтримці гідрологічних режимів у центральній частині Західного Полісся, а також в накопиченні вуглецю і регулюванні клімату. Концепція рекреаційної ємності є однією з базових для збереження території. Рекреаційна діяльність чинить прямий і непрямий вплив на навколишнє середовище, оскільки вона пов'язана із збільшенням числа відвідувачів, що може вплинути на екологічну цілісність. Спостереження показали, що мають місце порушення рослинного покриву на території прибережної смуги Білого озера. Згідно з отриманими результатами, рекреаційна ємність становить 2074 людини за сезон, а реальне навантаження іноді досягає 3364 людини в день, що значно перевищує норму. З метою регулювання використання рекреаційних ресурсів пропонуємо регламентувати поведінку рекреантів.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ПІДПОВЕРХОВОГО ОБВАЛЕННЯ ЗАЛІЗНОЇ РУДИ НА ШАХТІ «РОДІНА» З ПОХИЛОЮ ФОРМОЮ СТЕЛИНИ ПІДСІЧНОЇ КАМЕРИ НА ГЛИБИНАХ ПОНАД 1300 М
Authors: Kalinichenko O. V.
Published: July 2020

Метою даної роботи є аналіз, дослідження та удосконалення системи підповерхового обвалення руди та вміщуючих порід в умовахшахти «Родіна» ПАТ «Кривбасзалізрудком», що відпрацьовує багаті залізні руди на глибинах понад 1300 м. Зниження глибини розробки рудних родовищ призводить до значного підвищення гірського тиску. Все це призводить до підвищення вимог, які пред'являються до стійкості оголень очисних і компенсаційних камер. Тому в роботі при проектуванні очисної виїмки на великих глибинах надзвичайну увагу приділено стійкості стелин компенсаційних камер.Крім того, недостатня стійкість стелин компенсаційних камер призводить до порушення цілісності глибоких свердловин, які розбурюються поверх компенсаційної камери для відбійки основного запасу блока. Це, зі свого боку, призводить до збільшення виходу негабаритних кусків руди при відбійці. Підвищення виходу негабариту погіршує показники випуску і вилучення багатих руд, що в свою чергу призводить до підвищення собівартості видобутку руди по блоку і в цілому по шахті. Підвищення стійкості похилих стелинкомпенсаційних камер призводить до зменшення виходу негабариту при відбійці на 0,15-0,3%, поліпшує показники випуску і вилучення багатих руд на 0,2-0,4%, що призводить до зниження собівартості видобутку руди по блоку в середньому на 0,65 грн/т.Запропонована авторами похила форма стелини компенсаційноїкамери має підвищену стійкість в порівнянні з горизонтальнимиоголеннями і знижує можливість позапланового обвалення. Дляумов шахти «Родіна» ПАТ «Кривбасзалізрудком», що відпрацьовуєбагаті залізні руди на глибинах понад 1300 м, застосування похилих стелин компенсаційних камер є найбільш оптимальним.
Factors Influencing the Incident of Underweight Children Under Five Years in Sangihe Regency
Authors: Mahihody Astri , Hinonaung Jelita Siska Herlina
Published: July 2020

Undernutrition can make children under five years vulnerable to diseases and can even cause death. One indication of children under five years suffering from malnutrition in children under five years is below the red line on the weight chart (underweight). This study aims to identify the factors that most influence the incidence of underweight in Sangihe Regency, North Sulawesi. This research was a quantitative analysis using a research methodology of a cross-sectional sample. For this analysis, the sample was 165 respondents. These variables include education, jobs, income, and infectious diseases. The relationship between education levels, income, experience, and contagious diseases with underweight children was measured less using the chi-square test. In contrast, the determinants of underweight were identified using logistics regression. The results showed that the two most dominant factors that affected the incidence of underweight children under five years were occupational factors (p-value <0.001) and knowledge factor (p-value <0.001). The other factors that might influence the cases of underweight children under five years are knowledge of feeding patterns and the number of children. Conclusion this research is Good knowledge is needed by mothers of children under five years in determining optimal nutrition for children under five years. For this reason, the mother's role is necessary for children under five to help the head of the family in finding additional income so that family nutrition, especially children under five, can be fulfilled.
Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Sweet Potato Syrup (Ipomea Batatas (L) with Propylene Glycol Variation
Authors: Elisma Elisma , Lenggu Maria Y. , Takubessi Marce Inggritha
Published: July 2020

Sweet Potato Leaf (Ipomea Batatas (L) contains flavonoids and polyphenols which play a role in antioxidant activity. Sweet Potato leaf extract is formulated into syrup because it is faster to be absorption compared to solid preparations and more easily to swallow. Sweet potato extract is formulated with variations in the amount of propylene glycol which is 11% (F1), 12% (F2), 13% (F3) and 0% (control). The characteristics of syrup include organoleptic tests, viscosity tests and time of flow were determine and syrup antioxidant activity testing using method 2 , 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Test results showed that all formulas have the same organoleptic properties, which are brown, sweet and slightly bitter. Weak antioxidant activity showed by IC50 and AAI values. IC50 and AAI syrup were 134 ± 19.28, 128 ± 4.04, 115 ± 13.07, and 142 ± 1.5 mg / mL and the AAI values ​​were 0.074, 0.078, 0.087 and 0.070, respectively for F1, F2, F3 and control. Statistical analysis with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p> 0.05) showed no significant IC50 differences for the three formulas and control. The increase in propylene glycol affects the viscosity and ease of pouring but not the organoleptic properties while the antioxidant activity is not significantly different from the increase in propylene glycol. It is recommended to do a hedonic test for all three formulas in further research.
The association of smoking status with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19: A living rapid evidence review (version 5)
Authors: Simons David , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie , Perski Olga
Published: July 2020

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, an emergent zoonotic disease which has reached pandemic levels and is designated a public health emergency of international concern. It is plausible that former or current smoking status is associated with infection, hospitalisation and/or mortality from COVID-19.

Objective: We aimed to estimate the association of smoking status with rates of i) infection, ii) hospitalisation, iii) disease severity, and iv) mortality from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 disease.

Methods: This is a living evidence review with frequent updates. We adopted recommended practice for rapid evidence reviews, which involved limiting the search to main databases and having one reviewer extract data and another verify. Published articles and pre-prints were identified via Ovid MEDLINE, medRxiv and expertise within the review team. We included observational or experimental studies with community-dwelling or hospitalised adults aged 16+ years who had received a test for SARS-CoV-2 infection or a diagnosis of COVID-19, providing that data on smoking status were reported. Studies were judged as ‘good’ quality if they: i) had low levels of missing data on smoking status (i.e.
JAIPONG DANCE ROBOT PROTOTYPE USING CM-530 CONTROLLER
Authors: Tobi Markus Dwiyanto , Efendy Yusuf
Published: July 2020

Technological advances in the field of robotics have entered various aspects of human life ranging from automation in the fields of industry, military, entertainment, and in the medical field. Humanoid robot or humanoid robot is a form of technology implementation in the field of robotics that can mimic some human activities to walk and move several body organs like humans. The design of Jaipong Dance Robot based on CM-530 consists of a minimum system that functions as a controller of servo motor movement as a robot actuator and processes the data generated by the gyro sensor as a balance sensor. The design of Jaipong Dance Robot based on CM-530 has been successfully made and can work well, from standing movements, opening 1, opening 2, pencugan 1, pencugan 2, mincid kendor 1, pencugan 3, mincid kendor 2, mincid gancang 1, mincid gancang 2, mincid gancang 3, mincid gancang 4, nibakeun, dan mincid gancang 5, the success rate is 80%. Gyroscope GS-12 sensor can provide the desired balance point, the Dynamixel AX-12A Servo Motor as propulsion which is located at each joint of the jaipong dance robot, the Battery / Power Supply as the power provider.
KARAKTERISTIK KADER DAN EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN KEGIATAN POSYANDU DIWILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PEMBANTU KURAO KECAMATAN NANGGALO KOTA PADANG TAHUN 2019
Authors: Aprianti Ety , Suciana Sri , Musharyadi Fery , Firdali Ranti Yona , Noviayanti Desi
Published: July 2020

Posyandu is a health service organized by, from, for and with the community. Padang DKK 2016 Puskesmas pembantu Kurao has a low Posyandu level. The purpose of this study was to find out the description of the implementation of the Kurao posyandu activity in the Working Area of Nanggalo Health Center in 2019.

The purpose of this study was to find out how the Posyandu Cadre Characteristics and Evaluation of Posyandu Activity Implementation in the Work Area of the Kurao Sub-District Health Center in Nanggalo. This research is a quantitative and qualitative study using primary and secondary data obtained from Health Officers, cadres and the community who come to posyandu

The results obtained were more than half of respondents (56.6%) with the age category 26-45 years. Most respondents (80%) were married or married. More than half of respondents (63.4%) with <5 years old category. Most respondents (83.4%) with a secondary education level category. More than half of respondents (76.6%) in the category of not working or housewives

A total of 11 posyandu are under the working area of the Kurao Preparation of information on Posyandu implementation is carried out 1 day before the implementation of Posyandu and preparation of facilities, the infrastructure has been completed. In the implementation of posyandu activities, there was an ineffectiveness in the implementation of the fourth table because not all cadres understood and were able to provide counseling materials related to health issues, because not all cadres received specific training. Cadres only get information through regular monthly meetings at cadre social gathering events. The Posyandu Information System has been arranged in detail. Policies, preparation, implementation and Posyandu Information System in the work area of the Kurao sub-pustu have not been prepared and implemented in full, there are still shortcomings. With this research, it is recommended that health workers in the Puskesmas be able to provide training and refreshment to cadres and be able to complete all the deficiencies that exist in the implementation of the posyandu activities
 
RESPON MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH DARING
Authors: Wida Sri
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini hasil dari penelitian pengembangan daring mata kuliah Penulisan Naskah AUD dengan menggunakan fasilitas Vinesa. Vinesa merupakan situs resmi pembelajaran daring yang dikembangkan oleh Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Penelitian  ini merupakan penelitian survey. Subjek nya adalah para mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah  daring Penulisan Naskah AUD di Jurusan PGPAUD UNESA.. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil angket dengan menggunakan google form menemukan bahwa: 1) sebanyak 78,2%mahasiswa senang dengan pembelajaran daring2) sebanyak 63,6% mahasiswa menyatakanpembelajaran daring lebih efektif dari pada pembelajaran di kelas 3) sebanyak 74,5% mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran daring lebih mudah diakses 4) sebanyak 72,7% mahasiswa lebih bersemangat dalam mengerjakan tugas 5) sebanyak 80% mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa dengan pembelajaran daring mahasiswa lebih bertanggungjawab dalam mengerjakan soal 6) sebanyak 63,6% mahasiswa lebih mudah memahami materi “Penulisan Naskah AUD”dengan daring, 7) sebanyak 69,1% mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa lebih mudah dalam mengerjakan, 8) sebanyak 69,1% mahasiswa setuju pembelajaran daring dapat mengembangkan potensi mahasiswa dalam kepenulisan naskah AUD,9) sebanyak 76,4% mahasiswa setuju dengan pernyataan bahwa pembelajaran daring dapat mengantisipasi keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas secara on time. Berdasarkan data tersebut, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pembelajaran daring cukup dalam segi efektifitas dan meningkatkan tanggung jawab mahasiswa dalam pengerjaan tugas.
Pengembangan Dongeng Antik (Anti Kekerasan) “Sayang Teman” Sebagai Upaya Mengenalkan Nilai-Nilai Moral bagi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Saraswati Gaharani
Published: July 2020

The rise of cases of violence has consequences for children's development. Violence results in poor emotional regulation, stickiness problems, problems in relationships with peers, difficulty adapting to the environment, and other psychological problems such as depression, and delinquency in children. Seeing this the researchers developed Dongeng Antik (Anti Violence) "I love My Friends" in the form of pop-ups to minimize and prevent violence against early childhood. Dongeng Antik “I love My Friends” are expected to be able to foster children's knowledge and awareness of moral values anti-violence, so that it becomes an anticipation that they do not commit and experience acts of violence.
The effect of credit risk indicators on the profitability of banks in the Arab gulf countries
Authors: Kamel Afaneh Mohammad Kamal
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of credit risk indicators on the Arab Gulf countries' banks Profitability over the period of 2015 to 2017.  The banking credit risk was calculated using non-performing loans ratio affecting banks profitability indicators like net income and by using fixed effect and random effect model analyses, the study found that increasing in non-performing loans ratio will decrease the net income in gulf banks, the study also found that personal loans represent the largest share of loans granted in gulf banks. Also, the study recommends the importance of developing the capabilities of credit departments in commercial banks in dealing with bad loans, and studying the financial statements and borrowers in terms of the type of activity, and conducting economic feasibility studies before granting loans to large companies
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT LADA (Piper nigrum L.) PADA APLIKASI PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI N:P:K DAN KONSENTRASI POC
Authors: Wicaksono Cahyo , Syam Netty , Saida Saida
Published: July 2020

This research was carried out at the Darul Mukhlisin Islamic Boarding School in Padang Lampe, Muslim University of Indonesia, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, which took place from March to September 2019. The study was aimed at analyzing the effect of the composition of N: P: K on the growth of pepper seedlings, analyzing the effect of the concentration of Organic Fertilizers Liquid (POC) on the growth of pepper seedlings, analyzing the interaction between giving the composition of N: P: K and giving POC on the growth of pepper seedlings. This research was compiled using a Randomized Group Design (RBD) consisting of two factors. The first factor is the composition of N: P: K consisting of: N: PK 1 : 0 : 0 / plant, N: P: K 1 : 1 : 1 / plant, N: P: K 2 : 1 : 1 / plant and N : P: K  2 :1 : 2 / plant. The second factor is the concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer consisting of no POC, POC 0.05% / liter of water, POC 0.10% / liter of water and POC 0.15% / liter of water. The results showed that the best effect on the use of the composition N: P: K on the length of the shoot, number of leaves and leaf area of pepper seedlings. The use of liquid organic fertilizer concentration of 0.10% / liter of water gives the best effect on shoot length, number of shoots, and number of leaves and leaf area, and there are significant interactions between the composition factors of N: P: K and POC concentration on the shoot length variable of pepper seedling growth.
R. Bohlin, De Osynliga. Det Europas fattiga arbetarklass; M. Linton, De hatade. Om radikalhögerns måltavlor; B. Elmbrant, Europas stålbad. Krisen som slukar välfärden och skakar euron (All titles by Atlas, Stockholm, 2012)
Authors: Quirico Monica
Published: July 2020

The publishing house Atlas, introducing itself as “progressive, keeping its feet in the present, but with en eye turned to the future”, published in 2012, in the series “Whose Europe?” (Vems Europe?), these three reports, all dealing with the impact of the crisis started in 2008, but each focusing on a particular aspect of it.
Ethics and Ego: East-West Perceptions of Morality
Authors: Sigurðsson Geir
Published: July 2020

The thesis from which this comparison proceeds is that the major differences between the East-Asian and Western ethical traditions emanate from divergent views of the kind of role selfhood or ego should play in social human life. A comparison of these views, it is suggested, will be helpful to flesh out the different perceptions of morality. It will be proposed that Western thinking is characterized by a stronger focus on the self, and that while Western ethical thinkers and schools certainly seek to reduce self-centeredness, such endeavours generally proceed through an augmentation of the role of human reason and thus a more intense and even tormenting self-consciousness. A clear reflection of this tendency is the ethical approach to moral issues qua issues associated with individual action and rational choice. The East-Asian approach differs from this in that it seeks to balance excessive introspection with a cultivated ‘sense’ of identification with the whole, be it society or the natural realm. While this approach, it seems, largely succeeds in preventing an existential kind of agony, it nevertheless suffers from some other serious weaknessess. Hence both traditions, it is argued, have something to offer one other. The discussion offered here is merely a sketchy outline that may hopefully work as a first step toward that purpose.
Stjórnmál og vísindi: eða af hverju er stundum bullað svona mikið?
Authors: Jónsson Ólafur Páll
Published: July 2020

Vísindi og stjórnmál sem svið mannlegra samskipta eiga margt sameiginlegt. Um bæði þessi svið gilda eftirfarandi sex staðhæfingar: (1) Fólk setur fram skoðanir eða staðhæfingar. (2) Þær staðhæfingar sem fólk setur fram eru um veruleikann. (3) Fólk gagnrýnir þær staðhæfingar sem settar eru fram um veruleikann. (4) Fólk notar margvísleg gögn til að styðja það sem það heldur fram. (5) Mjög fáar staðhæfingar, sem settar eru fram, eru ónæmar fyrir gagnrýni. (6) Fólk beitir almennum lögmálum eða reglum til að skilja og rökstyðja það sem staðhæfingarnar eru um. Stjórnmál og vísindi eru samt mjög ólík svið mannlegra samskipta, m.a. vegna þess að það er svo miklu meira bull í stjórnmálum en í vísindum. Í greininni nota ég hugmyndir frá Harry Frankfurt og Georg Orwell til að varpa ljósi á hvað bull sé og hvers vegna það sé jafn útbreytt og raunin er. Einnig nota ég hugmyndir Mikaels M. Karlssonar um afmörkun siðferðisins, til að varpa fram spurningum um siðferði stjórnmálavettvangsins, sem vettvangs sem einkennist af bulli.
测绘与地理信息新技术在矿山测量中的应用及展望
Authors: 伍 前成
Published: July 2020

近年来，我国加大了改革开放的力度，从而为各个行业的发展壮大带来了良好的机遇，在这种形势下加快了我国矿山生产行业的发展，使得大量的矿山生产企业应时而生。测绘与地理信息技术在矿山设计、勘察、生产方面的运用非常的频繁，科学技术的发展使得大量的新型测量技术被研发出来，从而有效的提升了矿山测量结果的准确性，与以往矿山测量技术相对比来看，可以说取得了非常巨大的进步。在实际组织开展矿山井下测量工作的时候，测绘与地理信息技术的运用不但可以有效的规避外界不良因素对测绘结果准确性造成损害，并且能够提升测量的工作效率，所以矿山测量工作务必要与最先进的技术相结合，为矿山测量工作的开展创造良好的基础。在当下社会经济和科学技术飞速发展的带动下，使得我国矿山开采工作整体水平得到了显著的提升，这样就对矿山测量技术提出了更高的要求。将最新型的测绘技术运用到矿山测量之中，使得学科理论与技术体系都发生了显著的改变，促使体制得到了进一步的优化和完善。
基于泉州欣佳酒店坍塌事故的钢结构设计安全性分析
Authors: 唐 泽明
Published: July 2020

2020年3月7日晚19:30左右，一场噩耗传来，福建泉州鲤城区一钢结构酒店发生坍塌事故，71人被困废墟之中，事故发生后消防人员火速赶往现场救援，至12日晚间，历经112个小时的救援，搜救工作基本结束。最终，福建省泉州市欣佳酒店坍塌事故中的71名受困人员全部发现，其中29人死亡。此次事故造成的影响重大，事故的原因也是扑朔迷离，在网络上引起对工程安全的热议。文章结合本次事故的现场情况，分析了事故发生的原因，并通过本次事故的研究对钢结构建筑设计的安全性进行了分析。
建筑工程施工管理中精细化管理的运用分析
Authors: 刘 兵
Published: July 2020

在我国大范围推进改革开放工作的带动下，使得各个行业都得到了全面的发展壮大，其中建筑工程行业的发展最为突出。在组织开展建筑工程施工工作的过程中如果发生任何的施工质量或者是安全问题那么都会对后续各项工作的顺利开展产生一定的阻碍，如果不能及时有效的对上述问题加以切实的解决，最终必然会引发严重的危险事故的发生。要想保证各项工程施工工作的有序开展，那么最为关键的就是需要提升管理工作人员的管理意识，将精细化管理工作切实的在实践中加以运用，能够有效的对建筑工程管理工作给予规范性指导，提升工程施工整体质量和效率。鉴于此，这篇文章主要围绕建筑工程施工管理工作中的精细化管理展开全面深入的分析研究，希望能够对促进建筑工程施工管理工作的良好发展有所帮助。
建设工程项目成本管理与控制措施分析
Authors: 朱 新江
Published: July 2020

近年来，在各方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到了显著的发展，从而为我国建筑工程行业的提供了良好的基础，在这种形势下建筑工程行业内的竞争形势越发的严峻，建筑工程企业要想保证自身在激烈的竞争中长期处在不败的境地，那么就需要从各个角度入手来提升自身的综合实力。长时间以来，在专业人士的不断努力下，建筑工程行业整体实力取得了显著的提升，有效地满足了人们日益增长的物质需求，呈现了优良的建筑效应。面对日渐扩大的建设工程施工规模和逐渐提升的建设工程施工复杂性，强化项目成本管理和控制力度至关重要，其是强化建设工程整体管理效果和完善系统管理格局的必经路径。
关于建筑给排水工程施工组织优化的分析
Authors: 闫 小光
Published: July 2020

在建筑给排水工程具体施工的过程中，需要借助于相对于合理的施工组织开展相应的施工活动，以此确保施工目标稳步实现。采取相对于合理的施工组织方案，能够对员工们进行有效的指导，同时为建筑工程的施工质量提供可靠的保证。施工组织涵盖着多项内容，需要对其展开合理化的分析，明确相关的影响因素，逐步的优化施工组织方案，确保给排水工程质量符合项目预期。将先对目前我国建筑给排水工程项目组织优化设计的方式进行分析，并提出详细的工作流程，强调日常工作开展中可能会出现的问题，进而提升工程项目的施工质量。
岩土工程极限分析有限元法及其应用探讨
Authors: 鄢 永和
Published: July 2020

如果土体滑动结构上所有点的剪应力与整个土地的抗剪力相一致的时候，那么就可以说明土体处在良好的弹塑性或者是钢塑性的状态，并且整个土地的稳定性良好，从而能够为极限分析法提供良好的力学基础。土体保持在良好的稳定状态往往会显现出下列两方面特征：首先，土地平衡状态临近失衡的情况，所以结合这个情况能够对岩土工程是不是具有良好的稳定性加以判断。其次，岩土材料的所具有的强度被彻底的挖掘出来，从而提升各项成本的利用效率，所以土体的极限平衡状态往往是岩土工程设计工作中最为关键的一项参考参数。现如今，使用最为频繁的极限分析法有：极限平衡发、滑动线场法、上、下限分析法和变分法四种类型。每种方法都具有良好的优越性，在实际运用的时候需要综合各方面情况来进行挑选。
垃圾焚烧项目运营检维修费用的“成本管控”问题与对策
Authors: 王 晨晨
Published: July 2020

在对垃圾焚烧发电厂成本予以控制的过程中，必须要对检、维修成本予以重点关注，切实做好成本管控工作，方可使得垃圾焚烧发电带来良好的经济效益。文章主要对垃圾焚烧发电厂检、维修成本管控存在的问题予以深入的探析，将影响成本管控的相关因素寻找出来，进而提出切实可行的应对之策。
论述建设单位在装饰工程施工管理过程中的造价控制措施
Authors: 金 小溶
Published: July 2020

随着中国经济的平稳快速发展，科学技术的不断进步，建筑的规模也越来越大。想要有效控制建筑装饰成本，获得相对适宜的办公环境，取得预想的装饰效果，就必须加强对建筑装饰工程造价的控制。文章将从建筑装饰施工的各个环节，强调造价控制的重要性和优化路径，以便为今后建筑装饰工程的造价控制工作提供参考。
低碳理念在城市园林植物景观设计中的应用研究
Authors: 顾 大成
Published: July 2020

低碳的概念并不完全适用于生活。它在一定程度上涉及到政治和经济。低碳经济的概念及其衍生的低碳生活被大众所接受。低碳的经济理念与及其衍生的低碳生活会被大众所接受到。低碳的生活最为重要核心就是要去加强以及支持节能技术以及环境技术，同时还可以促进森林的恢复以及增加，改良气候的一个变化，在我们国家，低碳发展的基本条件就是要主动的经济增加，。
自动化技术在机械设计与制造的应用
Authors: 王 晓楠
Published: July 2020

近年来，在各方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到显著的提升，从而推动了我国社会经济整体水平的不断提升。在这种发展趋势下，为我国机械设计制造行业的发展创造了良好的条件，科技的不断发展使得机械设计制造行业的生产模式出现了显著的变化，这样也为整个机械制造行业提出了更高的要求。在机械设计制造行业中切实的引用自动化技术，以互联网和计算机技术为基础，大范围的运用最前沿科学技术，推动机械设计制造行业的稳步发展壮大。
煤化工项目高空作业防护实例探讨和研究
Authors: 蒋 海夫
Published: July 2020

针对当前煤化工项目高空作业的概况和危险性，以某大型煤化工项目为例进行典型案例分析，以理论结合实践的方式，就如何通过安全防护对高空作业进行风险管控展开分析，并论述高处作业风险管控的措施。
浅析城市轨道交通工程施工成本管控
Authors: 季 明远
Published: July 2020

在最近的几年时间里，我国综合国力得到了全面的提升，从而推动了各个行业的稳步发展。城市化建设工作的全面开展，使得城市轨道交通工程规模在不断的壮大。良好的交通系统是城市经济发展的重要基础，城市轨道交通是当前各个城市交通系统中最为关键的一个部分，并且其具有运行能力强，节能环保的优越性，在缓解交通堵塞问题发展具有十分显著的影响作用。但是城市轨道交通工程整个结构十分复杂，并且对施工技术的要求较高，工程成本较为巨大。怎样在轨道交通工程施工过程中对施工质量加以切实的管控，是当前城市轨道工程项目管理工作人员迫切需要的解决的问题。城市轨道项目工程通常的资金都是来自于地方政府的拨款，所以务必要重视工程成本管理工作的落实，切实的针对施工过程中的各项成本加以高效的管控，才能促使轨道交通工程能够获得更加丰厚的经济和社会收益。所以，在实际开展城市轨道工程施工工作的时候，务必要重视利用有效的方法对工程成本进行全面的管理。
Visceral Fat Quantitated From CT Colonography Is Associated With the Presence of Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Srirattanapong Saowanee , Panyawaraporn Yasinee , Prasertsilpakul Wichan , Laothamatas Jiraporn
Published: July 2020

Background: An adenomatous polyp is known as a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer. Detection and removal of adenomatous polyps are essential for colon cancer prevention. Previous studies have found the association between obesity and adenomatous polyp using many parameters.

Objective: To determine the association between visceral fat visualized on computed tomography (CT) colonography (CTC) and colorectal polyps.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study consisted of 280 adult subjects who underwent colon cancer screening by CTC at Ramathibodi Hospital; 129 cases with CT detected colorectal polyps who underwent polypectomy within 6 months, and 151 control subjects who were negative for significant polyps on CTC. Visceral fat areas of all subjects were measured on CT at the umbilical level by a semiautomatic method. Statistical analysis was performed to ascertain associations with the presence of colorectal polyps.

Results: Of 280 adult subjects, there were classified into 4 groups; no polyps (n = 151), hyperplastic polyp (n = 23), low-risk adenomatous polyp (n = 75), and high-risk adenomatous polyp (n = 31). The mean visceral fat areas in 4 groups were 125.1 ± 55.7 cm2, 140.2 ± 63.8 cm2, 147.9 ± 74.2 cm2, and 156.6 ± 63.7 cm2, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in these means visceral fat between the no polyp group and both the low-risk and high-risk adenomatous polyp groups. In multivariate analyses, subjects who had visceral fat areas more than 168.60 cm2 were more likely to have polyps than subjects whose visceral fat areas were less than 93.65 cm2 (P < .05).

Conclusions: Visceral fat was positively associated with the presence of adenomatous colorectal polyps.
Violencia intrafamiliar en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria por el COVID-19
Authors: Montero-Medina Diana Carolina , Bolívar-Guayacundo María Ofelia , Aguirre-Encalada Lisseth Milena , Moreno-Estupiñán Anahí Michelle
Published: July 2020

El confinamiento provocado en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, ha producido cambios en las dinámicas familiares, laborales y sociales en general. A lo interno de las familias, que se han visto forzadas a desplegar nuevos modos de convivencia, nuevos roles y retos, se han presentado también nuevos modos de violencia, en hogares donde no existían antes de la crisis sanitaria; o su incremento en aquellas familias en las que anteriormente habían presentado formas violentas de relación. Estas situaciones no ocurren únicamente en las relaciones de pareja, sino que se han diversificado, existiendo también violencia hacia los niños, niñas y adolescentes, hacia los adultos mayores y, en general, estableciéndose de forma conjugada en torno a las relaciones de poder ya establecidas en cada familia. Desde una perspectiva psicosocial, este incremento de la violencia constituye un nuevo reto, por lo que en el presente artículo se busca analizar algunas de sus implicaciones en el contexto actual.
Comparative Study of Neck Swelling by Clinical, Cytological and Histopathological Examination
Authors: Ali Mohammad Idrish , Huq Md Mahmudul , Haque Momenul , Tarafder Kamrul Hasan
Published: July 2020

Objective: In this study 50 patients of neck swelling were studied to compare the findings with clinical diagnosis and histopathological report for its diagnostic compatibility.
Methods: This cross sectional study was done in Department of Otolaryngology –Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2015 to June 2017. Fine needle aspiration cytology, MRI, CT scan, and histopathological examination of postoperative specimen of neck swelling, analyzed data presented by various tables, graphs and figures.
Results:In the present series 50 cases of neck swelling were studied. Out of these 50 cases 19 were male and 31 were female. The male, female ratio was 1:1.63. Age range was 4 – 60 years with maximum frequency in the 4th decade with the 3rd and 2nd in the following suit. Most of the patient were poor. Clinical, cytological and histopathological diagnosis were available in all the cases. The three sorts of diagnoses were compared with each other. Histopathologically 12 cases were tubercular lymphadenopathy. Metastatic carcinoma and lymphoma 5 cases for each. Twelve were nodular goiter, 5 were thyroid carcinoma. Rest were benign, congenital and nonspecific inflammatory conditions. Correct diagnosis were made by FNAC in 45 cases. In the rest 5 cases smear were unsatisfactory in 2 cases and gives inconclusive result, remaining 3 were follicular neoplasm and no definitive result were made which were subsequently diagnosed by histopathological examination as a follicular adenoma in 1 and follicular carcinoma in 2. Sensitivity of FNAC in the diagnosis of neck masses were found 91% for tuberculosis, 100% for metastatic carcinoma also for salivary gland tumour. In case of nodular goiter sensitivity was 92%. But it is only 60% sensitive in case of thyroid malignancy, as FNAC can not demarcate clearly between follicular adenoma and follicular cell carcinoma. But its accuracy in diagnosing papillary cell carcinoma of thyroid was 100%.
Conclusion: Keeping the limitations in mind, FNAC can reduce substantially the need of open biopsy for histopathological examination. Last of all I wish to conclude the study with the popular saying of Stewart “Diagnosis by aspiration is as reliable as the combined intelligence of the clinician and pathologist makes it”.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2020; 26(1): 24-30
Health Related Quality of Life of Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Hossain AKM Farhad , Islam Md Ziaul , Khatun Sayada Fatema
Published: July 2020

Background: Having the longevity of thyroid cancer patients, any impairment in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during the follow-up period is of great importance.

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the health related quality of life of thyroid cancer patients. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 246thyroid cancer patients. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and reviewing medical records with semi-structured questionnaire and checklist with validated scale. The subjects were purposively selected following specific selection criteria and maintaining ethical issues.

Place and period of study: The study was conducted during the period from July 2018-June 2019 in two tertiary hospitals of Dhaka city: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka.

Results: This study revealed that majority (74.4%) of respondents was female, married (72%), housewife (61.4%), rural respondent (41.1%) and had primary education (69%). Mean (± SD) age of the respondent was 37.85(±12.20) years (range 14-70 years) and mean (± SD) monthly family income was Tk.17681(±10602). Out of 246 cases, 204 (82.9%) was papillary and 42 (17.1%) was follicular carcinoma. Main presenting features were neck swelling (91.5%), swollen lymph node (41.9%), dysphonia (57.3%) and dysphagia (35.4%). Mean (± SD) of total HRQOL score was 73.7 ± 8.39. HRQOL score of students and higher educated patients were better among the respective groups (p <.001). The study showed the association of HRQOL with clinical condition of thyroid cancer patients (R2=.025). HRQOL revealed the strong prediction with education (β=-0.888, p<.05), family income (β=0.05, p<.05), marital status (β=-0.1.384, p<.05), clinical condition (β=-0.522, p<.05) and perceived stress (β=-0.632, p<.001).

Conclusion: The overall HRQOL score was considerably good in this study. Timely detection, regular motivation and attending clinical condition may significantly improve the HRQOL of thyroid cancer patients

JOPSOM 2019; 38(2): 1-8
Services Provided for Lactating Mothers at Lactation Management Clinic in Selected Tertiary Level Hospitals
Authors: Tasnim Tarannum , Islam ANM Shamsul , Azad Mehedi Hasan , Sharmin Farhana
Published: July 2020

Background: Children are the precious gift from the Almightily Allah and breast milk is an ideal product given to the human being by nature to fulfill all requirements of the offspring until they are matured enough to take adult food.

Objective: To assess the services provided for lactating mothers at lactation management centre in selected tertiary level hospitals.

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 100 Lactating mothers who were selected conveniently and were interviewed by pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Collected data were processed and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Science) software.

Results: Lactation management centre (LMC) is supervised by a consultant and separate room is allotted in both out-patient and in-patient departments. Mothers came with lactation problems were more likely in the first month of the baby (73%) and feeling of not enough milk production was common (49%).Highly significant relationship was found between breast problems of lactating mother and age of child (p<0.001). About 84% respondents received practical demonstration on position and attachment of the baby during lactation. About 91% respondents got dietary advice for enough breast milk production, 75% got dietary advice regarding their child’s weaning food chart and69% got health education. Maximum mothers were informed about LMC by doctor & nurse (82%).

Conclusion: Information about LMC services should be disseminated across the country. Lactating mothers should be familiarized with LMC and public awareness should be enhanced for effective management of breastfeeding problem to promote, protect and support the breastfeeding.

JOPSOM 2019; 38(2): 68-73
Influence of Cytokinins on Rhizome Mediated Growth and Morphogenesis of an Endangered Medicinal Orchid Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr.
Authors: Bhattacharyya Soumi , Banerjee Nirmalya
Published: July 2020

Effects of different nutrient media, vitamins and peptone on in vitro asymbiotic seed germination of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. were studied. In vitro developed rhizomes were used to determine the influence of cytokinins on growth and morphogenesis. Seed germination and survival rate of protocorms were highest in MS medium compared to other basal media. The protocorms raised through seed germination directly proliferated into rhizomes in later phase of growth and development. Nodal portions of rhizomes further exhibited growth through formation of direct and callus mediated protocorm like bodies. In general, three types of rhizome movements were noticed; viz. positively geotropic, negatively geotropic and diagravitropic movements. In the PGR free control and in the presence of NAA alone rhizomes exhibited positively geotropic movements. On the contrary, presence of cytokinin either alone or in combination with NAA exhibited diagravitropic movements. Application of TDZ completely suppressed the positively geotropic movement and enhanced the frequency of negatively geotropic movement of rhizomes followed by shoot bud formation. BAP was most effective cytokinin for large scale rhizome mediated multiplication of Geodorum densiflorum and TDZ could be effectively employed for rapid leafy shoot regeneration.

Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(1): 65-75, 2020 (June)
La legitimación de los Ejecutivos autonómicos para impugnar leyes de su propia asamblea un conflicto interpretativo entre Constitución y Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional doblemente resuelto a favor de esta
Authors: González del Campo Luis
Published: July 2020

El Gobierno de la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja interpone recurso de inconstitucionalidad frente a una ley aprobada por el parlamento autonómico que tuvo su origen en una iniciativa legislativa popular tramitada con su criterio desfavorable. El Tribunal inadmite el recurso por falta de legitimación del recurrente sobre la base del precedente establecido en la STC 223/2006, de 6 de julio, al considerar que debe prevalecer lo dispuesto por el art. 32 de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional como norma que concreta la regulación genérica contenida en el artículo 162.1 a) de la Constitución Española y restringe la legitimación de los órganos colegiados ejecutivos y Asambleas legislativas de las Comunidades Autónomas, no sujeta a condición alguna en el texto constitucional, al recurso de inconstitucionalidad contra las Leyes, disposiciones o actos con fuerza de Ley del Estado que puedan afectar a su propio ámbito de autonomía. La sentencia cuenta con tres votos particulares que entienden que con fundamento en la primacía de la Constitución como norma suprema debería reconocerse la legitimación del recurrente aplicando directamente sus previsiones.
A intervenção do fisioterapeuta no pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Francisco Laís Martins , Nascimento Roberta Bezerra do , Sales Weslley Barbosa , Tomaz Renata Ramos
Published: July 2020

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) estão entre as principias causas de morte nos países desenvolvidos e sua ocorrência tem aumentado de forma epidêmica. Essas podem ser definidas como desordens do coração e dos vasos sanguíneos. Dentre os vários tipos, destacam-se as doenças coronárias, tais como: Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio, Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) e Cardiopatias Congênitas. Objetivo: Neste sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho refere-se a realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre a eficiência dos recursos fisioterapêuticos no pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Metodologia: Para alcançar esse objetivo foi realizado buscas nas seguintes bases de dados SCIELO, LILACS E PUBMED tendo como descritores phisiotherapy; cardiac surgery; hehabilitation, selecionados na língua inglesa e portuguesa, foram encontrados como universo 2.610 estudos, após filtragem dos seguintes assuntos: textos disponíveis, ano da pesquisa, tipo de estudo, idioma, foram encontrados 471 estudos, assim após analisa-los com os requisitos de elegibilidade apenas 190 foram selecionados, dos quais 40 foram excluídos da pesquisa por não apresentar os requisitos propostos, assim após outra análise, 10 satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão para o estudo. Resultados e discussões: Observou-se que os estudos selecionados na temática proposta obtiveram resultados positivos, com evidências científica com os recursos fisioterapêuticos Cicloergômetro e Ventilação não invasiva (VNI). Conclusão: Contudo, é necessário a produção de mais artigos científicos com o teor prático, com grupos de controle.
Zinco no solo, na planta e a saúde humana: uma revisão
Authors: Kachinski Wagner Deckij , Vidigal Julio Cezar Borecki , Ávila Fabrício William
Published: July 2020

Estima-se que 17,3% da população mundial apresenta risco de deficiência de Zn, sendo que, anualmente, cerca de meio milhão de crianças menores de 5 anos morrem por causas relacionadas à insuficiente ingestão de Zn. Uma estratégia de curto prazo e de baixo custo para elevar a ingestão de Zn pela população é aumentar o consumo de culturas biofortificadas. A biofortificação compreende o processo de enriquecimento de um ou mais nutrientes nas partes comestíveis das culturas agrícolas, obedecendo parâmetros legais, com o objetivo de elevar o seu valor nutricional. Para que a biofortificação possa alcançar um bilhão de pessoas até 2030, esforços mútuos deverão ser somados. Dentre esses, as políticas devem enfatizar o papel da agricultura na melhoria da saúde, os governos e instituições devem incluir a biofortificação na agenda nutricional e os processadores de alimentos e demais responsáveis pela cadeia produtiva devem incluir culturas biofortificadas em suas linhas de produtos. O objetivo desse artigo foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a dinâmica do Zn no solo, a função essencial do Zn no crescimento e produção vegetal, o papel das plantas na transferência do Zn para a nutrição humana, a importância do Zn na saúde e o papel da biofortificação para mitigar a desnutrição de Zn no mundo.
The Dimensions of Language and Communication: Neuroscience of Body Language.
Authors: Oliveira Jander Temístocles de
Published: July 2020

The study aims to analyze the concept of communication and language, not limiting them to the verbal and written aspect. Studies of Cognitive Neuroscience and Synergology pointed out in the 1960s that 58% of the communicative process is non-verbal compared to 45% verbal and vocal. Methodology. We adopted for this study a documentary research where articles were searched in the Scielo and PubMed Platform with the keywords - language, verbal and non-verbal communication and neuroscience. However, in order to meet the methodological need to validate the qualitative analysis of this study, we turn to other publications. Discussion. We emphasize, notwithstanding, that the most recent studies by Ramos and Bortagarai in 2011 indicated that non-verbal communication covers about 93% of the possibilities of expression in a context of social interaction. Results. The present study is still limited by the scarcity of publications directed or applied to the theme contemplated by a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary vision.
Elaboração e caracterização de queijo análogo ao Boursin com características funcionais
Authors: Silva Thamiris Evangelista , Silva Thamara Evangelista , Santos Lorrane Soares dos , Garcia Lismaíra Gonçalves Caixeta , Santos Priscila Alonso dos
Published: July 2020

O queijo Boursin é um queijo pouco conhecido no Brasil, porém na França, é um tipo comercial de queijo triplo-creme feito a partir de leite de cabra. Objetivou-se neste estudo, desenvolver um queijo análogo ao Boursin a partir do leite bovino com características funcionais, acrescentando para isso, a linhaça (Linum usitatissimum) como componente prebiótico, e o kefir como componente probiótico, e determinar quantitativamente por meio de análises físico-químicas seus constituintes. Os tratamentos foram dispostos da seguinte forma, Tratamento 1 (T1) – padrão, o Tratamento 2 (T2) recebeu apenas o probiótico, o Tratamento 3 (T3) apenas o prebiótico, e o Tratamento 4 (T4) recebeu ambos os componentes prebiótico e probiótico. Foi realizada análise estatística pelo teste de Tukey para avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos determinados para pH, acidez titulável, lipídeos, proteínas, sólidos solúveis totais e cinzas). Os resultados apontam que os tratamentos do queijo Boursin não diferiram significativamente entre si pelo teste de Tukey quanto aos teores de proteínas, lipídeos, sólidos solúveis totais e pH; porém, diferiram quanto ao teor de ácido láctico, linhaça, cinzas e para as amostras com kefir.