bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Angular Orientation and Eccentricity on the Melting Characteristics of a Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Singh Gurjeet , Yadav Ankit , Arıcı M.
Published: January 2024

Phase change materials (PCMs) are employed for storing latent heat energy contents in small regions owing to their high energy storage capacity at nearly constant temperature. The structural adjustment is proposed to study the effect on the melting rate of PCM to tackle the low thermal conductivity issue. A two-dimensional numerical model was developed to study the overall performance related to charging behaviour by way of firstly, performance analysis of the concentric position of Latent heat storage in a twin tube thermal energy system (TTTES) and secondly eccentricity of the inside tube in the heat exchanger. Analysis has been conducted for cases involving inclination in the heat exchanger, including scenarios with both concentric and eccentric configurations. In total 35 modes for the angular positions of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° having an inner tube eccentricity of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm were identified and simulated. The findings revealed that the 90° angle of inclination (vertical) outperformed in terms of melting in comparison to other configurations of concentric TTTES. The result could be documented in terms of melting time reduction by 75% for a 90° angle of inclination in contrast to its 0° counterpart. Alongside that, the inner tube with a 20 mm eccentricity value recorded the best melting performance in comparison to all other eccentricity values. The TTTES demonstrates its maximum energy storage capacity of 307.72 kJ/kg at an inclination angle of 75° and an eccentricity of 10 mm.
The Effects of Climate Change Atmospheric Tempreture, Rainfall Pattern and Land Use Malaria Incidence Rates: a Retrospective Trend Analysis Over a Ten-year Period 2010-2020 in Luapula and Southern Province of Zambia
Authors: Phiri Joshua Kanjanga , Likwa
Published: January 2024

This study examines the impact of climate change on malaria incidence in Zambia. It focuses on variations in prevalence influenced by climatic and environmental factors. The study adopts a retrospective comparative analytical approach, utilizing 157 case records from each province. It investigates temperature, seasonal variations, and land use activities. The findings reveal a fluctuating trend of rainfall from 2010 to 2020, with a significant association between malaria incidence and rainfall (p-value = 0.041). In 2019, Southern Province experienced the highest percentage of drought (64%), resulting in reduced malaria transmission due to unfavorable environmental conditions for mosquito larvae. Demographic data highlight an urban-rural divide, with Luapula Province exhibiting a higher number of malaria cases among children under five. These results emphasize the critical role of climate change and local factors in malaria transmission dynamics.
Safety and efficacy of oral Alpha lipoic acid in the management of Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Das Susmita , Viswanatha Gollapalle Lakshminarayanashastry , Kishore Anoop , Nandakumar Krishnadas
Published: January 2024

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral alpha lipoic acid for the management of diabetic neuropathy.
Methods: A detailed literature search was performed using databases like Pubmed, Embase, and Google Scholar. The search was mainly focused on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for evaluating the safety and efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in managing diabetic neuropathy. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria Eight studies were selected. Data were extracted to examine the quality and characteristics of the studies. Primary outcomes were HbA1c, neuropathy impairment score (NIS), neuropathy impairment score-low limb (NIS-LL), motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), neuropathy symptoms and change (NSC), total severity score (TSS), neurological disability score (NDS), and vibration perception thresholds (VPT). The secondary outcome was safety parameters.
Results: Eight randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria were selected and the efficacy and safety of Alpha lipoic acid in treating diabetic neuropathy were critically analyzed in comparison to the placebo group. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed: Alpha lipoic acid has reduced HbA1c levels (Inverse variance (IV): -1.01 (-1.14 to -0.88) at 95% CI, p < 0.00001, I2 = 96%). ALA administration significantly decreased the Neuropathy Impairment Score (Inverse variance (IV): -1.18 (-1.35 to -1.02) at 95% CI, p<0.00001, I2=16%), ALA administration significantly decreased NIS-LL (Inverse variance (IV): -0.83 (-0.94 to -0.71) at 95% CI, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), ALA didn’t show significant improvement in MNCV Score (Inverse variance (IV): 0.07 (-0.67 to 0.81) at 95% CI, P = 0.85, I2 = 0%), ALA found to be beneficial in improving both NSC Number and NSC Severity score (Inverse variance (IV): -0.18 (-0.36 to -0.01) at 95% CI, P = 0.04, I2 = 0%) and (Inverse variance (IV): -0.64 (-0.82 to -0.47) at 95%CI, P < 0.00001, I2 = 89% ) respectively, ALA found to improve TSS (Inverse variance (IV): -0.45 (-0.61 to -0.28) at 95% CI, P < 0.00001, I2 = 98%), ALA shows significant improvement in NDS (Inverse variance (IV): -0.72 (-1.03 to -0.40) at 95% CI, p < 0.00001, I2 = 98%), ALA shows significant improvement in VPT (Inverse variance (IV): -0.36 (-0.52 to -0.20) at 95% CI, P < 0.0001, I2 = 96%) when compared with Placebo/control group.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that oral treatment with 600–1800 mg of alpha-lipoic acid may improve a few symptoms resulting from diabetic neuropathy and is a safe option when given at a low dose. At higher doses, it has shown adverse effects.
Inflation, Price Hike, and Service Quality: A Comprehensive Analysis of Customer Perception in the Realm of Sustainable Entrepreneurship
Authors: Cooper Mason , Bennett Noah , Hayes Isabella
Published: January 2024

This qualitative research explores the intricate dynamics of customer perceptions within the realm of sustainable entrepreneurship, specifically examining the influences of inflation, price hikes, and service quality. Through a thorough thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, this study seeks to unravel the complex interplay between these economic factors and customer perspectives, providing valuable insights for businesses navigating the challenges of economic uncertainty. The findings underscore the significance of adopting a holistic approach when addressing economic challenges. Transparent communication emerges as a cornerstone, with businesses that prioritize open and honest engagement better positioned to retain customer loyalty in the face of inflation and price hikes. Trust-building efforts, anchored in reliability and transparency, are revealed as critical components of successful business strategies. Service quality emerges as a key differentiator, acting as a resilient factor that not only contributes to customer satisfaction but also mitigates the negative impact of economic fluctuations. The study emphasizes the strategic imperative for businesses to invest in customer experience, particularly during periods of economic challenges. Furthermore, sustainable entrepreneurship practices are identified as a positive influence on customer perceptions. Businesses committed to environmental and social responsibility are perceived as more trustworthy and resilient, contributing to an enhanced brand image. While offering practical implications for businesses seeking to navigate dynamic market environments, this study acknowledges its limitations and suggests avenues for future research. The complex interplay between economic factors and customer perceptions provides a foundation for continued exploration, positioning this research as a valuable contribution to the fields of business strategy and sustainable entrepreneurship.
$T \overline{T}$-like flows and $3d$ nonlinear supersymmetry
Authors: Ferko Christian , Hu Yangrui , Huang Zejun , Koutrolikos Konstantinos , Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli Gabriele
Published: January 2024

We show that the 3d3d Born-Infeld theory can be generated via an irrelevant deformation of the free Maxwell theory. The deforming operator is constructed from the energy-momentum tensor and includes a novel non-analytic contribution that resembles root-T \ overline{T}ToverlineT. We find that a similar operator deforms a free scalar into the scalar sector of the Dirac-Born-Infeld action, which describes transverse fluctuations of a D-brane, in any dimension. We also analyse trace flow equations and obtain flows for subtracted models driven by a relevant operator. In 3d3d, the irrelevant deformation can be made manifestly supersymmetric by presenting the flow equation in \mathcal{N} = 1𝒩=1 superspace, where the deforming operator is built from supercurrents. We demonstrate that two supersymmetric presentations of the D2-brane effective action, the Maxwell-Goldstone multiplet and the tensor-Goldstone multiplet, satisfy superspace flow equations driven by this supercurrent combination. To do this, we derive expressions for the supercurrents in general classes of vector and tensor/scalar models by directly solving the superspace conservation equations and also by coupling to \mathcal{N} = 1𝒩=1 supergravity. As both of these multiplets exhibit a second, spontaneously broken supersymmetry, this analysis provides further evidence for a connection between current-squared deformations and nonlinearly realized symmetries.
Predição de Corrosão Atmosférica em Materiais Metálicos Utilizando Aprendizado de Máquina
Authors: Geremias Vinicius Michelon , Brandenburg Thiago , Fischer Gustavo , Miranda Fabiano , Silva Filho José Francisco , Parpinelli Rafael
Published: January 2024

The study of the corrosion impact on metallic materials is of great importance to industries and the metallurgical market. Over the years, several formulas, known as Dose-Response Functions, have been developed with the aim of predicting corrosion based on environmental factors. Using data from the MICAT atmospheric corrosion study, this article proposes data-driven prediction models for four materials, named Carbon Steel, Aluminum, Copper, and Zinc. The models indicate that the Random Forest algorithm can be used to predict atmospheric corrosion of metallic materials with competitive results when compared to standard prediction functions
Seasonal changes in the fatty acid profile of Kyrgyz khainak milk
Authors: Elemanova Rimma , Dzhunushalieva Tamara , Yurova Elena , Musulmanova Mukarama
Published: January 2024

Khainak milk is a traditional source of nutrition for people living in the highlands of Kyrgyzstan. It is consumed both in its natural form and in the form of butter, cheese, and cottage cheese. We aimed to determine the composition of fatty acids in khainak milk, as well as its seasonal changes, since such data is lacking in literature.

Fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography qualitatively and quantitatively in the milk from five lactating khainaks farm-bred in the Issyk-Kul region. The milk samples were collected and analyzed in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons over three years (2019, 2020, and 2021).

Kyrgyz khainak milk fat was mostly represented by saturated fatty acids, with a maximum content of 73.10 ± 2.19 g/100 g in winter. C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0 dominated in their composition, exceeding 5 g/100 g, with C16:0 (palmitic acid) reaching almost 35 g/100 g in winter. The flora of mountain pastures favorably contributed to monounsaturated fatty acids in khainak milk, especially oleic acid, whose content reached 26.85 ± 0.81 g/100 g in spring and then gradually declined to 18.90 ± 0.56 g/100 g, following changes in vegetation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in small quantities varying from 3.25 ± 0.09 g/100 g in winter to 4.28 ± 0.12 g/100 g in summer.

The seasonal changes in the fatty acid profile of Kyrgyz khainak milk are most likely due to differences in the animals’ diet. Our data can be used to optimize the process parameters for the production of full-fat products from khainak milk (cheese, butter, sour cream, etc.).
Targeting Cervical Cancer Stem Cells by Phytochemicals
Authors: Tripathi Tanya , Yadav Joni , Janjua Divya , Chaudhary Apoorva , Joshi Udit , Senrung Anna , Chhokar Arun , Aggarwal Nikita , Bharti Alok Chandra
Published: January 2024

:

Cervical cancer (CaCx) poses a significant global health challenge, ranking as
the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Despite the emergence of advanced
treatment strategies, recurrence remains a bottleneck in favorable treatment outcomes
and contributes to poor prognosis. The chemo- or radio-therapy resistance coupled
with frequent relapse of more aggressive tumors are some key components that contribute
to CaCx-related mortality. The onset of therapy resistance and relapse are attributed to a
small subset of, slow-proliferating Cancer Stem Cells (CSC). These CSCs possess the
properties of tumorigenesis, self-renewal, and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Because
of slow cycling, these cells maintain themselves in a semi-quiescent stage and protect
themselves from different anti-proliferative anti-cancer drugs. Keeping in view recent
advances in their phenotypic and functional characterization, the feasibility of targeting
CSC and associated stem cell signaling bears a strong translational value. The presence of
CSC has been reported in CaCx (CCSC) which remains a forefront area of research.
However, we have yet to identify clinically useful leads that can target CCSC. There is
compelling evidence that phytochemicals, because of their advantages over synthetic anticancer
drugs, could emerge as potential therapeutic leads to target these CCSCs. The present
article examined the potential of phytochemicals with reported anti-CSC properties
and evaluated their future in preclinical and clinical applications against CaCx.
Recent Progress in the Application of Exosome Analysis in Ovarian
Cancer Management
Authors: Keyvani Vahideh , Ghale-Noie Zari Naderi , Mollazadeh Samaneh , Mahmoudian Reihaneh Alsadat , Ghorbani Elnaz , Naderi Hamid , Khazaei Majid , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir , Anvari Kazem
Published: January 2024

Exosomes are very small (nano-sized) vesicles participating in tumor development by
involvement in intercellular communication mediated by transferring biocomponents. Exosomes
appear to play vital roles in various cancer development, such as ovarian cancer, a common malignancy
in women. Several hallmarks of ovarian cancer are reported to be affected by the exosome--
mediated cellular cross-talk, including modulating peritoneal dissemination and chemoresistance.
Since the expression of some biomolecules, such as miRNAs and mRNA, is changed in ovarian
cancer, these exo-biomolecules can be applied as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers.
Also, the selective loading of specific chemotherapeutic agents into exosomes highlights these
biocarries as potential delivery devices. Exosomes could be artificially provided and engineered to
better target the site of interest in ovarian cancer. In the present review, we summarize the notable
achievement of exosome application in ovarian cancer management to gain applicable transitional
insight against this cancer.
Phyllanthus-derived Naturally-occurring Products: An Overview of their
Effects against Viruses in Cell Models
Authors: Díaz-Herrera Taylor H. , Caldas Martínez María L. , Coy-Barrera Ericsson
Published: January 2024

Background:

Infectious diseases are considered a global public health problem, with
viruses being the predominant infectious agents afflicting the human population. The most used
control alternatives are the search and development of vaccines and drugs. Nevertheless, their
efficacy has limitations related to the immune response stimulation, resistance mechanisms, costeffort ratio, development, and production. An alternative to these drawbacks is the search for
compounds isolated from plants with antiviral and/or virucidal properties. The genus Phyllanthus
is a plant group producing compounds that gathers an antiviral and virucidal spectrum on different biological models. However, there is no complete review of their properties against viruses in
cell models.

Objective:

To compile and analyse the more relevant information on the antiviral and virucidal
activity in cell models, phytochemical composition, and generalities of the genus Phyllanthus.

Method:

The information was assembled from a general search for articles in various databanks,
and the information was organized, tabulated, and discussed.

Results:

The taxonomic classification of the genus Phyllanthus showed discrepancies between
different authors and publications. The antiviral and virucidal effects of Phyllanthus naturallyoccurring compounds on cell models showed a broad spectrum and a high chemical diversity
mainly related to phenols and polyphenols.

Conclusion:

Antiviral and virucidal properties of Phyllanthus-derived compounds showed promising results as controlling agents against viral infections in different cell models, particularly in
the viral replication and translation processes. Further studies are required to elucidate the specific mechanisms involved in these natural alternatives to expand their efficient and effective applications.
Enzyme Inhibition in Managing Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Kumar Shivendra , Saha Sunam , Babu Arockia , Agrawal Mohit , Singh Kuldeep , Chaudhary Hema , Lavania Khushboo
Published: January 2024

Enzyme inhibition stands as a crucial strategy in tackling cardiovascular diseases (CVDs),
countering their significant global impact on health. Targeting key enzymes involved in critical disease
pathways has emerged as a pivotal pharmacological approach across various cardiovascular
conditions. In hypertension, ACE inhibitors effectively lower blood pressure by impeding the conversion
of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, promoting vasodilation and reducing cardiac workload.
CAD management often involves statins, which competitively inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme
A reductase, thereby lowering cholesterol levels and curbing plaque formation in coronary
arteries. For heart failure, neprilysin inhibitors combined with ARBs exhibit promise by preserving
beneficial peptides, supporting heart function and regulating fluid balance. Aspirin, an irreversible
COX enzyme inhibitor, reduces platelet aggregation, mitigating thromboxane A2 formation and lowering
the risk of clot-related complications in atherosclerosis. Managing dyslipidemia involves drugs
like ezetimibe, targeting cholesterol absorption in the intestines and reducing LDL cholesterol levels.
However, administering these drugs mandates careful consideration of patient-specific factors, potential
side effects, and contraindications. Integrating lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular
exercise remains integral to CVD management. The potential of enzyme inhibition in disrupting
disease pathways and addressing key factors in CVD progression is evident. Yet, it necessitates ongoing
research for refining existing therapies and developing novel inhibitors to augment cardiovascular
outcomes and elevate patients' quality of life.
An In silico Study on B-cell Epitope Mapping of Acinetobacter baumannii
Outer Membrane Protein K
Authors: Heidarinia Hana , Ghadiri Keyghobad , Zargaran Fatemeh Nemati , Lorestani Roya Chegene , Rostamian Mosayeb
Published: January 2024

Background:

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the main causes of nosocomial infections. No vaccine has yet been licensed for use in humans, and efforts are still ongoing.

Objective:

In the present study, we have predicted the B-cell epitopes of A. baumannii’s outer
membrane protein K (OMPK) by using epitope prediction algorithms as possible vaccine candidates for future studies.

Methods:

The linear B-cell epitopes were predicted by seven different prediction tools. The 3D
structure of OMPK was modeled and used for discontinuous epitope prediction by ElliPro and
DiscoTope 2.0 tools. The final linear epitopes and the discontinuous epitope segments were
checked for potential allergenicity, toxicity, human similarity, and experimental records. The
structure and physicochemical features of the final epitopic peptide were assessed by numerous
bioinformatics tools.

Results:

Many B-cell epitopes were detected that could be assessed for possible antigenicity and
immunogenicity. Also, an epitopic 22-mer region (peptide) of OMPK was found that contained
both linear and discontinuous B-cell epitopes. This epitopic peptide has been found to possess
appropriate physicochemical and structural properties to be an A. baumannii vaccine candidate.

Conclusion:

Altogether, here, the high immunogenic B-cell epitopes of OMPK have been identified, and a high immunogenic 22-mer peptide as an A. baumannii vaccine candidate has been
introduced. The in vitro/in vivo studies of this peptide are recommended to decide its real efficacy and efficiency.
Advances in Deep Learning Assisted Drug Discovery Methods: A Self-review
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Saravanan Konda Mani
Published: January 2024

:

Artificial Intelligence is a field within computer science that endeavors to replicate the
intricate structures and operational mechanisms inherent in the human brain. Machine learning is a
subfield of artificial intelligence that focuses on developing models by analyzing training data. Deep
learning is a distinct subfield within artificial intelligence, characterized by using models that depict
geometric transformations across multiple layers. The deep learning has shown significant promise in
various domains, including health and life sciences. In recent times, deep learning has demonstrated
successful applications in drug discovery. In this self-review, we present recent methods developed
with the aid of deep learning. The objective is to give a brief overview of the present cutting-edge
advancements in drug discovery from our group. We have systematically discussed experimental evidence
and proof of concept examples for the deep learning-based models developed, such as Deep-
BindBC, DeepPep, and DeepBindRG. These developments not only shed light on the existing challenges
but also emphasize the achievements and prospects for future drug discovery and development
progress.
Advances in Neutrophil Cell Membrane-coated Nano Drug Delivery
Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bajwa Neha
Published: January 2024

Cell-mediated drug delivery systems have gained significant attention in medical research
due to their potential for enhanced therapeutic specificity and efficacy in various diseases. Among
immune cells, neutrophils (NEs) have emerged as a promising candidate for drug delivery due to their
prevalence and rapid response at inflammatory sites. However, the short lifespan and challenges associated
with the in vitro cultivation of NEs have hindered their direct use for drug administration. This
review aims to highlight the importance of NEs as effective drug-delivery vehicles and elucidate the
underlying mechanisms contributing to their pharmacological efficacy. By analyzing recent studies
and advancements in the field, we will discuss the strategies employed to harness NEs as drug carriers,
including coating nanostructures with NE cell membranes.

:

In addition, we will investigate the distinctive characteristics of NEs that allow for targeted drug delivery.
These properties include the NE's capacity to navigate intricate biological environments and
actively move towards inflamed tissues. Moreover, we will examine the mechanisms by which NEs
release drugs and explore their potential applications in different therapeutic fields.
Extensive Computational Studies for the Identification of Potential Therapeutic
Candidates Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Carrasco Placid , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R. S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction::

Breast cancer holds the distinction of being the most frequent type of cancer among women when compared to other forms of cancer. Estrogen
Receptors (ER) are intracellular transcription factors that are essential for a variety of biological functions that are regulated by estrogen in the
body. With its ability to modulate gene expression, Estrogen Receptors exert significant influence over cell growth, development, reproduction,
and other important biological functions. Estrogen Receptors are overexpressed in breast cancer events; dysregulation of estrogen signaling
pathways caused by this overexpression results in aberrant cell growth and proliferation, which make them the hallmarks of breast cancer.

Methods::

A thorough study of different molecular structures and properties was done using extensive computational analyses and simulations in order to
identify compounds with the potential to inhibit ER activity. Diverse chemical libraries were subjected to docking against the target ER-α, and
molecules with docking scores less than -8.00 kcal/mol were retained.

Results::

Further, these virtual hits were evaluated using 3D-QSAR models for predicting activity. ADME/Tox screening was performed to retain
compounds with optimal pharmacokinetic profiles. Six compounds with excellent binding potential predicted biological activity and favorable
ADME/Tox profiles were chosen. Prolonged molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess structural stability over time.

Conclusion::

The computational study on breast cancer on the target ER has yielded significant progress with the identification of six promising compounds that
can be further evaluated through experimental validations.
L-Pipecolic Acid-catalyzed Highly Efficient Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted
Imidazoles and N-cycloalkyl-2,4,5-trisubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Mishra Anila , Fatima Zeeshan , Ved Akash , Srivastava Sajal , Singh Ashok K
Published: January 2024

Aims:

We aimed to conduct an L-Pipecolic acid-catalyzed synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted
imidazoles and N-cycloalkyl-2,4,5- trisubstituted imidazoles to develop a novel synthetic
route followed by the synthesis of novel series of compounds

Background:

A rapid, highly efficient, and greener approach for the synthesis of a series of 2,4,5-
trisubstituted imidazoles and N-cycloalkyl-2,4,5- trisubstituted imidazoles were developed via onepot
multicomponent reaction (MCRs).

Objective:

The objective of the current study was to discover a new and highly efficient organocatalyzed
synthetic route for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted
imidazoles followed by the synthesis of novel series of compounds.

Method:

L-Pipecolic acid was used as a bifunctional catalyst in one-pot multicomponent reaction
(MCRs) for the cyclo-condensation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, substituted aromatic aldehydes,
cycloalkyl amines, and ammonium acetate in ethanol at moderate temperature. Purification of compounds
was performed through a non-chromatographic method. Physical and spectral data analysis
was carried out to characterize the products.

Result:

Employing our newly developed L-Pipecolic acid-catalyzed synthetic route, a series of total
twenty-three compounds incorporating 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles (3a-n) and N-cycloalkyl-
2,4,5- trisubstituted imidazoles (4a-i) were synthesized successfully, and a plausible reaction mechanism
is proposed based on the results of the experiment.

Conclusion:

All the derivatives were afforded high purity and excellent yields (92–97%) in a short
reaction time (45–90 min). The newly developed synthetic route is rapid and robust and could be
applicable for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Brassica nigra Cream Efficacy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis, A Double-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jafari Kimia , Asadi Saman , Ashrafi Hajar , Karimzade Iman , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Ansari Ramin , M. Zarshenas Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Knee osteoarthritis (OA), the most common type of age-related degenerative
arthritis, affects more than fourteen million people in the United States. Due to the unavailability
of an optimum safe, and effective medication for the disease and the global trend toward
natural medicaments originating from Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM),
we aimed to formulate and investigate a topical formulation from Traditional Persian Medicine
(TPM) known as Brassica nigra oil in patients with knee OA.

Methods:

Brassica nigra oil obtained from the direct cold press method was formulated as a
topical cream. Thirty patients with knee OA participated in the study one week after receiving an
intra-articular injection of Hyaluronic acid 2% as standard treatment. Fifteen patients used 5 g of
Brassica nigra cream topically twice daily for one month, while the 15 patients used cold cream
as a placebo similarly. Patients were evaluated clinically and were asked to fill in the Visual Analogue
Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC),
and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) at the beginning and 4, 12 weeks later.

Results:

Although there were significant differences between VAS, WOMAC, and MPQ between
baseline and 4th week within both groups, a significant improvement was observed between
the 4th and 12th week just in the drug group. Moreover, there was a remarkable difference
between groups in both of the time intervals (p < 0.001). No adverse effects were reported during
the study interval.

Conclusion:

This study confirms the efficacy and safety of Brassica nigra cream in knee OA.
Brassica nigra phenolic and flavonoid content might be responsible for analgesic and antiinflammatory
properties. This formulation can be considered a natural product in the management
of patients with knee OA after more in vitro and in vivo studies.
Cytotoxic Activity of Nigerian Medicinal Plants on Breast Cancer Cells: A
Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Muhammad Suleiman Alhaji , Saidu Yusuf , Gimba Abubakar Yaya , Ibrahim Abdulwasiu , Idi Aminu , Pedro Shamsudeen Lekan , Haruna Shamsudeen , Abdulazeez Mansurah Abimbola
Published: January 2024

Background:

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer type and the leading
cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. While herbal medicines are sources of novel
remedies for cancer patients, their efficacies remain unexplored.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Nigerian medicinal plants for breast
cancer treatment using the Bayesian network meta-analytic approach.

Methods:

We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct until January 2022
for articles that reported the efficacy of Nigerian medicinal plants for the treatment of breast
cancer in preclinical models. The mean difference (MD) of cytotoxicity data was analyzed using
a random effects model with a 95% credible interval (CrI). The surface under the cumulative
ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to assess the ranking probabilities of the outcome measure.

Results:

A total of 13 articles were enrolled for qualitative and quantitative syntheses. The quality of the included studies ranges from low to moderate. Treatment of breast cancer cells for at
least 48 hours caused cytotoxicity with no evidence of inconsistency. SUCRA indicated that
fraction (MD: -10.5%, 95% CrI: -63.8, 43.3) performed better in killing cancer cells, followed
by crude extract and then isolate with MD of -4.42% (95% CrI: -41.2, 33.4) and -2.67% (95%
CrI: -64.3, 59.2), respectively.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis provides evidence of the therapeutic benefits of Nigerian herbal
medicines for the treatment of breast cancer. Future studies may examine these medicinal plants
for breast cancer in animal and clinical trials with improved methodological quality.
Optimal Allocation of Fault Current Limiters in Power Systems: A
Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khalil Yasser , Elmasry Said , El Samhay Adel A. , Shindy I. M.
Published: January 2024

Background:

This paper delves into the potential of Fault Current Limiters (FCLs) as
a transformative technology within power systems. FCLs assume a pivotal role in streamlining
network expansion efforts, sustaining fault current levels, and augmenting the overall performance of power systems. The classification of FCLs is outlined, encompassing superconducting
FCLs (SFCLs), Solid-State FCLs (SFCLs), and non-superconducting FCLs (Non-SFCLs).

Objective:

The core of this study lies in an exhaustive review of relevant literature, with a keen
focus on optimal allocation strategies for FCLs. The primary objective of this paper is to function
as an all-encompassing reference for both researchers and engineers, providing optimal FCL allocation studies.

Method:

this paper discusses various techniques for the optimal allocation of FCLs within power
systems. These allocation methods are categorized based on multiobjective functions such as
cost, fault current reduction, stability, protection coordination, reliability, and power quality.

Results:

This search presents an overview of the FCL survey structured around key components,
including objective functions, design variables, constraints, optimization methods, network types,
FCL types, and research contributions.

Conclusion:

This work aims to empower professionals in the field with a robust understanding of
FCL allocation, ultimately contributing to the efficient and sustainable evolution of power systems. FCLs represent a promising technology for enhancing the performance and reliability of
power systems, and this paper serves as a comprehensive resource for those interested in optimizing their allocation within these systems.
The Journey of Methotrexate and Potential Alternative Pharmacotherapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Patra Snehanjana , Pal Choudhury Tania , Barman Sanchari
Published: January 2024

Background:

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory auto-immune
disorder chiefly described by synovitis followed by extra-articular manifestations of organ association
such as pneumonia in addition to the clinical symptoms that cause long-term joint
damage starting from the small joints and gradually progressing to the larger ones. Early diagnosis
is considered a major improvement for the most desirable outcomes. Methotrexate
(MTX), an antifolate, has been the gold standard therapy in use for over forty years as an anchor
drug. This drug started out as an anti-cancer drug in large doses and is now in use to treat
rheumatoid arthritis at very low doses. The treatments for rheumatoid arthritis aim to curb the
swelling in the body and protect the joints from further damage. Recent research has seen an
increase in the use of combination therapies with Methotrexate.

Objectives:

In this paper, we present a summary of the current drug in use and its side effects,
associated with RA. The paper gives an account of alternate modes of treatment that have been
explored for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion:

Initially designed to inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase and treat various
types of cancer, methotrexate found application as an anti-rheumatic drug in 1984 although
suggestions for the same have been made since the 1950s. Since then, a substantial amount of
clinical evidence has been obtained to clearly indicate the cytotoxic activity of the drug against
the cells responsible for joint inflammation associated with RA. Thus, methotrexate is a clear
choice when it comes to treating RA despite the advent of other lines of treatment being explored
and implemented.
Exploring the Potential Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review
Authors: Patel Aakriti , Singh Astha , Minocha Neha
Published: January 2024

Metal nanoparticles have been a topic of interest between research scholars
for decades now. Since these nanoparticles show tremendous effects against bacterial
invasion in the body they are widely in demand. ZnO nanoparticles have emerged as
one of the most promising candidates for preventing bacterial invasions within the
human body. Owing to their small particulate size and increased surface area, they
exhibit excellent antimicrobial characteristics. A number of pathogens have the ability
to form biofilms which further increases bacterial activity. Biofilms are complex
and resilient bacterial communities that adhere to surfaces and are encased in a protective
extracellular matrix. They offer enhanced resistance to antibiotics and the host
immune system on bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent antibiofilm
properties, making them promising candidates for the treatment of biofilmrelated
infections. ZnO nanoparticles have also shown remarkable anti-microbial activity
against a wide variety of pathogens. ZnO nanoparticles release zinc ions (Zn2+)
when exposed to bacteria which helps in degrading the cellular membrane thus disrupting
the bacterial integrity. This review article aims to understand the different aspects
of Zinc NPs. Thirteen relevant studies were included, focusing on three distinct
preparation methods: polyol synthesis, green synthesis, and precipitation. Each of
these methods provides useful insights into the efficient development of ZnO nanoparticles,
ensuring their optimal performance and applicability in a variety of scenarios.
It also focuses on exploring the antibacterial activity as well as the antibiofilm activity
of ZnO.
Integrative Approaches to Tackle Multidisciplinary Challenges: A Review of Multi-science Problem Analysis
Authors: M. Harle Shrikant
Published: January 2024

In the field of science, multi-disciplinary analysis is a flexible and comprehensive
approach to tackling difficult issues by combining data, expertise, and techniques
from different areas of study. This article examines the importance, techniques,
and results of cooperative endeavors that bring together different disciplines.
The article also focuses on the moral and societal consequences of combining and
analyzing data, with particular attention to safeguarding data privacy, minimizing biases,
and promoting responsible use of AI. For instance, stringent steps are required
to de-identify the data and guarantee that people's personal information is preserved
in medical research that integrates patient data from several sources. Another important
consideration is minimizing biases. To provide equitable employment chances,
efforts are made to eradicate racial or gender prejudices in AI-driven recruiting
procedures. The present article delves into the most recent breakthroughs in multiscience
analysis, specifically the integration of artificial intelligence, cross-sector collaborations,
and a growing emphasis on sustainable development. Furthermore, we
underscore the critical significance of clear and open communication and the overall
societal impact of this type of research. By working together and pursuing interdisciplinary
approaches, multi-science analysis can pave the way towards a more interconnected
and sustainable future, empowering society to tackle global challenges and
bolster resilience in the face of intricate problems. Multi-science analysis often faces
hurdles related to data heterogeneity, as integrating data from various sources with
differing formats and quality standards can be technically demanding. Moreover, navigating
the differing terminologies and methodologies across disciplines can sometimes
lead to communication barriers and conflicts, requiring effective coordination
and translation efforts. Additionally, ensuring equitable collaboration and recognition
among diverse researchers and stakeholders can be a challenge, particularly in competitive
academic or industry environments.
Measuring the urgency of tax administration reform in Indonesia
Authors: Purba Andi Derma , Salomo Roy Valiant
Published: January 2024

This research aims to explore the latest developments in taxation and describe why Indonesia must implement tax reform. The primary focus is on the state revenue generated by the tax sector over the last ten years, tax ratios, and the extent of the state's losses due to tax abuse in Southeast Asia. The research uses a constructive philosophy and paradigm with a qualitative approach. It employs explanatory research, with library research as a data collection technique. The findings indicate that significant measures are required to reform Indonesia's tax administration to increase state revenues from taxes, raise the tax ratio, and reduce the amount of state losses due to tax abuse. The complex tax administration system leads to tax avoidance and abuse, reducing the state's revenue and causing the tax ratio to be low. The government needs to organize the workings of the tax system using the principles of equality, simplicity, and justice. The research results are addressed to the government as regulators and policymakers, as well as to taxpayers and the public as policy implementers. Taxpayers and the public can comply with their tax obligations without hesitation because the tax system is strong, credible, and accountable.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Acalypha indica leaf extract: Identification of Bioactive Factors
Authors: Kumar N Ramesh
Published: January 2024

The present investigation is intended to prepare Acalypha indica leaf extract and assess the antioxidant and glucose-lowering effects utilizing in vitro models. The plant methanolic extract of Acalypha indica leaves was exposed to phytochemical examination to identify the bioactive factors by GC-MS. We assessed the antioxidant properties of the extract by using the DPPH scavenging method, ABTS assay, TBARS assay and NO assay. Likewise, the anti-diabetic activity was assessed by ɑ-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and glucose diffusion inhibitory techniques. We found that methanolic extract of Acalypha indica leaves contains a high measure of phenolics, flavonoids and tannins. The GC-MS assay identified the bioactive components. We also found that methanolic extract of Acalypha indica leaves had significant higher antioxidant and glucose-lowering effects. In conclusion, it could be reasoned that due to the nearness of antioxidant components, the methanolic leaf extract of Acalypha indica has good potential in the control of hyperglycemia, diabetes and the related state of oxidative stress.
Analyzing the Bivalve Species of Genus Parreysia Along With Water Quality of Kuadhas and Pangoli Rivers from Gondia Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ade V.
Published: January 2024

Aquatic environments benefit greatly from the contribution of freshwater bivalves. They are crucial for ancient remedies, and a variety of industrial uses, primarily the manufacturing of pearls, slacked lime, and use as a food source in various regions Malacofauna was assessed from Kuadhas river and Pangoli river of Gondia Maharashtra for six months. The physicochemical parameters comprising pH, turbidity, color, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, silica, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, and total hardness were evaluated since aquatic body water quality has an impact on the occurrence and survival of flora and fauna. This paper deals particularly with different species and varieties from the genus Parreysia among freshwater bivalves. From study sites genus Parreysia represents total 8 species as Parreysia favidens, Parreysia favidens marcens, Parreysia corrugata, Parreysia corrugata nagpoorensis, Parreysia cylindrica, Parreysia Radiatula shurtleffiana, Parreysia (Radiatula) khadakvaslaensis, Parreysia Radiatula caerulea gaudichaudi. Bivalve occurrence peaked in the post-monsoon season and declined during the monsoon. Parreysia favidens and Parreysia corrugata are widely distributed in the Kuadhas River. The two major species in the Pangoli River are Parreysia (Radiatula) khadakvaslaensis and Parreysia favidens. In both rivers Parreysia favidens marcens, Parreysia corrugata nagpoorensis, and Parreysia Radiatula shurtleffiana are listed as being rarer species.
Quantum Secure Communication: A Comprehensive Literary Analysis with In-Depth Insights
Authors: Rupesh Vavilla
Published: January 2024

This article helps us to understand the world with quantum secure communication. In this quantum landscape, the classical barriers of secure communication are transcended, and a brand-new era of impenetrable information safety emerges. The laws of quantum mechanics will be helpful in quantum secure communication for data transmission. It highlights the inherent security blessings conferred by using quantum properties, including the no-cloning theorem and the uncertainty precept, rendering eavesdropping impossible. In addition, this article gives us an understanding of how encryption can be done using quantum computing techniques compared to the classical ones. This article also outlines the challenges and ongoing research within quantum secure communication, addressing problems like sensible implementation, community scalability, and quantum key management. It underscores the collaborative efforts of researchers, industries, and governments in advancing quantum cryptography.
Livelihood Diversification: A Panacea to Food Security by Rural Farmers in Osun State
Authors: Olaniyan O. C. , Oyedele J. O. , Akintobi O. S.
Published: January 2024

The study analyzed the livelihood diversification of rural women to improve food security in Osun state Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 129 respondents for this study. Primary data for this study were collected through an interview schedule. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square as well as linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. Results revealed the need to increase family income and ensuring family food security was the highest reason for diversifying livelihood. The result further showed crop production and crop processing are the highest income for rural women. The data revealed the rural women in Osun state are not economically secure and the hypotheses showed that the monthly income from primary occupation determines the economic security of the rural women, trading as a form of livelihood diversification contributed positively to the food security of the rural women. The research concluded that livelihood diversification influences the economic security of rural women and diversification to trading contributed significantly to their economic security. It is recommended that the provision of favorable farming conditions and accessibility to loans at reduced interest rates will improve rural women’s economic security in Osun State, Nigeria.