bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common Injuries Associated with Falls from Tree Stands in Iowa
Authors: Garrett Melissa , Galet Colette , Lilienthal Michele A. , Skeete Dionne A. , Granchi Thomas S.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Tree stand falls are a common injury among hunters. This study was designed to identify specific injury patterns and local and regional factors affecting access to and care for this unique trauma cohort in Iowa.

Methods

The University of Iowa trauma registry was retrospectively queried from 2004 to 2014 for patients with a mechanism of injury of fall from tree stands. Data are presented as mean±SD, median, and range, or raw number and percentages as appropriate. Correlation analyses were performed using the Spearman coefficient.

Results

Fifty-three patients were identified. Age was 44±14 (17–78) y. Median fall height was 4.6 m (15 ft), ranging from 1.5 to 12 m (5 to 40 ft). Transport times varied from <1 h to >7 h. Hypothermia was observed in 6 patients (11%). Two patients (4%) tested positive for alcohol. Three patients (6%) tested positive for drugs. Soft tissue injuries (32 [60%]; ie, lacerations and abrasions) were the most common, followed by 30 spine fractures (57%, including 11 lumbar and 10 thoracic fractures), 16 other bone fractures (30%), and 11 rib fractures (21%). Twenty-two patients underwent surgery. Median hospital length of stay was 4 d, ranging from 0 to 20 d.

Conclusions

Tree stand falls lead to significant injuries. Hypothermia represents a significant risk for these patients, and remote location resulted in long transportation time. Improper use or poor condition of safety equipment contributed to falls and injuries in a few of our patients.
‘Inspiration’ and how it is found: Exploring psychological and information behaviour theories
Authors: Peterson Cait
Published: July 2020

‘Inspiration’ is a concept that comes up frequently in the Library and Information Science literature on artists and designers. But what do we mean by ‘inspiration’? This article discusses a selection of the psychological research on creativity and inspiration, as well as four information behaviour theories that help in finding inspiration - browsing, information encountering, satisficing, and serendipity.
Traveling the Soil of Worlds: Haunted Forgettings and Opaque Memories
Authors: Islekel Ege Selin
Published: July 2020

This essay works on the role of trauma and forgetting in the subjective formations of the world-traveler andla nueva mestiza. I investigate how forgetting affects the resistant capacities of these figures. I argue throughout that the memory of the world-traveler is an opaque memory, which is unintelligible for the hegemonic demands of transparency, and which forms the silt upon which the resistant possibilities of the world-traveler rest. The first part elaborates María Lugones's conception of world-traveling in relation to Gloria Anzaldúa's New Mestiza consciousness and Mariana Ortega's multiplicitous self. Here I draw attention to the role of opacity and forgetting in the ways in which one can inhabit a world. The second part develops the notions of trauma and haunting to establish the experiential memory of the world-traveler not as a traumatic rupture, but rather as a haunted memory that accompanies her travels. The last section turns to Édouard Glissant's notion of opacity as a resistant mechanism, which works not through the traumatic rupture of experience but rather through sedimentation of experience.
For the Decolonization of the Researcher's Self: An Encounter with Brazilian Quilombola Women and Reflections about the Coloniality of Rurality
Authors: Silva Fernanda , Martins Paula , Carrieri Alexandre
Published: July 2020

This article presents reflections on our experience with quilombola women, through the lens of the coloniality of power-knowledge. The text aims to challenge the contradictions we face as researchers (the place of power and knowledge) and as women (the self in its dimensions of race, gender, class, or labor). We describe the workshop we presented over four days with the participation of the quilombola women, as well as the quilombo community where the activities were held. We discuss the performance of coloniality during the time we spent together and how it was present in the organization of knowledge and in our bodies, the repercussions of coloniality on ourselves, and the possibility of decolonizing knowledge and subjects, in spite of the colonial pattern of power. The activities we carried out with these women left marks on us and served as a stimulus for us to decolonize ourselves, our judgments of the object-other, as well as our writing and research practices.
SEARCHING FOR AN ANALOGUE OF ATR0 IN THE WEIHRAUCH LATTICE
Authors: KIHARA TAKAYUKI , MARCONE ALBERTO , PAULY ARNO
Published: July 2020

There are close similarities between the Weihrauch lattice and the zoo of axiom systems in reverse mathematics. Following these similarities has often allowed researchers to translate results from one setting to the other. However, amongst the big five axiom systems from reverse mathematics, so far
$\mathrm {ATR}_0$
has no identified counterpart in the Weihrauch degrees. We explore and evaluate several candidates, and conclude that the situation is complicated.
Birth Order and Voter Turnout
Authors: Bratsberg Bernt , Dawes Christopher T. , Kotsadam Andreas , Lindgren Karl-Oskar , Öhrvall Richard , Oskarsson Sven , Raaum Oddbjørn
Published: July 2020

Previous studies have stressed the role of a child's family environment for future political participation. This field of research has, however, overlooked that children within the same family have different experiences depending on their birth order. First-borns spend their first years of life without having to compete over their parents' attention and resources, while their younger siblings are born into potential rivalry. We examine differences in turnout depending on birth order, using unique population-wide individual level register data from Sweden and Norway that enables precise within-family estimates. We consistently find that higher birth order entails lower turnout, and that the turnout differential with respect to birth order is stronger when turnout is lower. The link between birth order and turnout holds when we use data from four other, non-Nordic countries. This birth order effect appears to be partly mediated by socio-economic position and attitudinal predispositions.
Lithospheric mantle, asthenosphere, slab and crustal contribution to petrogenesis of Eocene to Miocene volcanic rocks from the west Alborz Magmatic Assemblage, SE Ahar, Iran
Authors: Ahmadvand Ahmad , Ghorbani Mohammad Reza , Mokhtari Mir Ali Asghar , Chen Yi , Amidon William , Santos Jose Francisco , Paydari Mohammad
Published: July 2020

Significant uncertainty remains regarding the exact timing and nature of subduction events during the closure of the Tethyan seas in what is now NW Iran. This study thus presents new geochemical compositions and U–Pb ages for a suite of volcanic rocks emplaced during Cenozoic volcanism in the west Alborz Magmatic Assemblage, which is commonly regarded as the back-arc of the Neotethyan magmatism in Central Iran. The subalkali basalts and andesites are dated to 57 ± 1.2 Ma, and are likely derived from a supra-subduction mantle wedge. Later, trachytic A-type rocks erupted from ∼42 to 25 Ma during an anorogenic (extensional) stage triggered by slab retreat and associated asthenospheric mantle influx. A-type melts were at least partly concurrent with lithospheric mantle magmatism implied by eruption of subalkali basalts–andesites around 26–24 Ma. Next, Amp-Bt trachybasaltic volcanism with high-Nb basaltic affinity at ∼19 Ma likely records slab deepening and slab partial melting, which reacted with the mantle wedge to produce the source material for the high-Nb basalts. Sr–Nd isotopic ratios for SE Ahar mafic as well as A-type rocks imply rather enriched mantle source(s). Some crustal contamination is implied by the presence of inherited zircons dominated by those derived from Neoproterozoic–Cambrian basement rocks and Carboniferous magmatism. Rhyolitic rocks with adakitic affinity probably mark the final volcanism in the study area. The adakitic rocks show crustal signatures such as high K and Th, probably formed as a consequence of higher temperature gradients, at crustal levels, imposed by both slab and mantle partial melts.
Ore-forming mechanism and its relationship with deformational and metamorphic episodes at Haimur gold mine, Nubian Shield, Egypt
Authors: Abd El Monsef Mohamed , Abdelnasser Amr
Published: July 2020

The Haimur area represents the central part of the Wadi Allaqi region in the southern block of the Egyptian Eastern Desert near Nasser Lake and the Nile valley. It is made up of ophiolitic assemblage comprising serpentinite and talc carbonate, listwenite, metagabbro/amphibolite and metabasalt and island arc assemblages. The orogenic gold deposits in the Haimur area occur in the form of smoky/white sulphide-bearing quartz / quartz-carbonate veins or lenses cutting through the listwenite zone-related rocks. The NE-trending auriferous veins were formed due to an extensional to transtensional shearing related to NW Najd shear tectonics. Gold was observed in association with late-pyrite and chalcopyrite paragenetically formed in the gold phase (second phase), while the first phase is the sulphide phase including early-pyrite and arsenopyrite. Arsenopyrite was formed during early metamorphic recrystallization at a high-temperature range between 405 and 512 °C. However, gold was formed at lower temperature through retrograde metamorphism. Three types of fluid inclusions have been recognized: aqueous (type-I), mixed aqueous–carbonic (type-II) and hydrocarbonic (type-III). The P–T conditions of trapping were obtained from the isochore lines of intersection between T = 300–320 °C and pressure range of 60–180 MPa. The Haimur gold deposit was supposed to be derived from metamorphic fluids created by dehydration and decarbonation of ophiolitic mélange assemblages and volcano-sedimentary rocks, in which the gold was transported as Au(HS)2– complexes and precipitated in reduced environment. The strong linkage between the deformation and metamorphism triggered gold deposition in structurally favourable sites related to the Najd fault system.
From plans to action? Retirement thoughts, intentions and actual retirement: an eight-year follow-up in Finland
Authors: Nivalainen Satu
Published: July 2020

This study applies Feldman and Beehr's three-step model to examine retirement as a decision-making process leading from retirement thoughts to retirement plans and from retirement plans to actual retirement. The results show that retirement thoughts have a clear independent effect on retirement plans as measured by intended retirement age. Furthermore, retirement plans have an isolated effect on retirement patterns. Intended retirement age is the strongest predictor of actual retirement age. Retirement intentions can be thought to represent the effect of unobservable characteristics on retirement, such as preference and motivation. Retirement plans materialise with quite high accuracy. Several key factors are associated with intended and actual retirement age in a similar manner. Unemployment and higher income are connected with earlier planned and actual retirement. Health has a pronounced effect: better health is conducive to later retirement while weaker health (sickness absences) is conducive to earlier retirement. This applies both to retirement intentions and actual retirement and to the difference between the two. The most important way for organisations to extend working lives is to look after the health of older employees. Giving older workers an increased sense of control and lowering job demands helps to prevent premature retirement. Supporting older workers’ continued employment is significant for the retention of older workers, while layoffs targeting older workers shorten working lives.
Candidate Emergence and the Success of Women
Authors: Melusky Benjamin , Loepp Eric , Kanthak Kristin
Published: July 2020

At least partially in response to Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential election (Jordan and Balz 2018), 2018 witnessed a record number of women running for and winning legislative elections across the country. This candidacy surge affords a unique opportunity to evaluate why individuals choose to run for office. Extant literature identifies both individual- and institutional-level determinants of candidate entry, yet little attention has been given to a critical institutional feature that can encourage or discourage women to put their names forward: primary type. This article develops a model of candidate emergence positing that different primary systems—by virtue of including and excluding the participation of various subpopulations of a state’s electorate—will be more or less attractive to potential female candidates relative to potential male candidates. We uncover evidence consistent with our theory: women appear less interested in running in certain types of primaries (e.g., semi-closed) but find other systems more appealing (e.g., nonpartisan). The results also indicate that after considering primary type, women tend to outperform men in the subsequent general election across the board. This study provides encouraging evidence that closing the representation gap is an increasingly achievable goal but that the rules of the electoral game continue to determine who is playing.
Standing on Their Shoulders: Suffragists, Women’s PACs, and Demands for Women’s Representation
Authors: Cooperman Rosalyn , Crowder-Meyer Melody
Published: July 2020

Although 2018 has been called another “Year of the Woman,” increases in women’s representation that year were party-specific. Historically, women’s organizations fought to expand women’s representation in both parties; however, the fruit of these efforts is currently concentrated among Democrats. Indeed, women contributed funds in record numbers in 2018, but the majority of women donors supported Democratic women candidates (Haley 2018), and liberal women’s political action committees (PACs) played a prominent role in raising those funds.
Trump Is Not a (Condorcet) Loser! Primary Voters’ Preferences and the 2016 Republican Presidential Nomination
Authors: Woon Jonathan , Craig Sean , Leifson Amanda , Tarpey Matthew
Published: July 2020

Many commentators argued that if elites and voters had coordinated on an alternative candidate, Donald Trump could have been defeated for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination. This claim rests on the implicit assumption that Trump would have been defeated in a head-to-head contest against another candidate—that he was a Condorcet loser. Conventional pre-election polls, however, do not provide enough information about voters’ preferences to assess the plausibility of this claim. Relying on novel data to construct individuals’ complete preferences over the set of leading Republican candidates, we find that no other candidate strictly defeats Trump in pairwise majority-rule comparisons and—far from being a Condorcet loser—that Trump is a member of the majority-rule core. Our results question the plausibility of the coordination narrative because Trump’s support was wider than political observers believed: it came from a broad base of the Republican primary electorate rather than a small but intense minority.
Larger Waves in Store as the Planet Warms
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: July 2020

By the end of the 21st century, waves will have gotten larger in some ocean basins, particularly the Southern Ocean, climate modeling reveals.
Early detection and classification of live bacteria using time-lapse coherent imaging and deep learning
Authors: Wang Hongda , Ceylan Koydemir Hatice , Qiu Yunzhe , Bai Bijie , Zhang Yibo , Jin Yiyin , Tok Sabiha , Yilmaz Enis Cagatay , Gumustekin Esin , Rivenson Yair , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: July 2020

Early identification of pathogenic bacteria in food, water, and bodily fluids is very important and yet challenging, owing to sample complexities and large sample volumes that need to be rapidly screened. Existing screening methods based on plate counting or molecular analysis present various tradeoffs with regard to the detection time, accuracy/sensitivity, cost, and sample preparation complexity. Here, we present a computational live bacteria detection system that periodically captures coherent microscopy images of bacterial growth inside a 60-mm-diameter agar plate and analyses these time-lapsed holograms using deep neural networks for the rapid detection of bacterial growth and the classification of the corresponding species. The performance of our system was demonstrated by the rapid detection of Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria (i.e., Klebsiella aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae) in water samples, shortening the detection time by >12 h compared to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-approved methods. Using the preincubation of samples in growth media, our system achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of ~1 colony forming unit (CFU)/L in ≤9 h of total test time. This platform is highly cost-effective (~$0.6/test) and has high-throughput with a scanning speed of 24 cm2/min over the entire plate surface, making it highly suitable for integration with the existing methods currently used for bacteria detection on agar plates. Powered by deep learning, this automated and cost-effective live bacteria detection platform can be transformative for a wide range of applications in microbiology by significantly reducing the detection time and automating the identification of colonies without labelling or the need for an expert.
Regulation of cancer cell metabolism: oncogenic MYC in the driver’s seat
Authors: Dong Yang , Tu Rongfu , Liu Hudan , Qing Guoliang
Published: July 2020

Cancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the demands of unbridled growth and proliferation. As such, most human cancers differ from normal counterpart tissues by a plethora of energetic and metabolic reprogramming. Transcription factors of the MYC family are deregulated in up to 70% of all human cancers through a variety of mechanisms. Oncogenic levels of MYC regulates almost every aspect of cellular metabolism, a recently revisited hallmark of cancer development. Meanwhile, unrestrained growth in response to oncogenic MYC expression creates dependency on MYC-driven metabolic pathways, which in principle provides novel targets for development of effective cancer therapeutics. In the current review, we summarize the significant progress made toward understanding how MYC deregulation fuels metabolic rewiring in malignant transformation.
Accessing unexplored regions of sequence space in directed enzyme evolution via insertion/deletion mutagenesis
Authors: Emond Stephane , Petek Maya , Kay Emily J. , Heames Brennen , Devenish Sean R. A. , Tokuriki Nobuhiko , Hollfelder Florian
Published: July 2020

Insertions and deletions (InDels) are frequently observed in natural protein evolution, yet their potential remains untapped in laboratory evolution. Here we introduce a transposon-based mutagenesis approach (TRIAD) to generate libraries of random variants with short in-frame InDels, and screen TRIAD libraries to evolve a promiscuous arylesterase activity in a phosphotriesterase. The evolution exhibits features that differ from previous point mutagenesis campaigns: while the average activity of TRIAD variants is more compromised, a larger proportion has successfully adapted for the activity. Different functional profiles emerge: (i) both strong and weak trade-off between activities are observed; (ii) trade-off is more severe (20- to 35-fold increased kcat/KM in arylesterase with 60-400-fold decreases in phosphotriesterase activity) and (iii) improvements are present in kcat rather than just in KM, suggesting adaptive solutions. These distinct features make TRIAD an alternative to widely used point mutagenesis, accessing functional innovations and traversing unexplored fitness landscape regions.
Gainers and losers of surface and terrestrial water resources in China during 1989–2016
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Xiao Xiangming , Zou Zhenhua , Dong Jinwei , Qin Yuanwei , Doughty Russell B. , Menarguez Michael A. , Chen Bangqian , Wang Junbang , Ye Hui , Ma Jun , Zhong Qiaoyan , Zhao Bin , Li Bo
Published: July 2020

Data and knowledge of the spatial-temporal dynamics of surface water area (SWA) and terrestrial water storage (TWS) in China are critical for sustainable management of water resources but remain very limited. Here we report annual maps of surface water bodies in China during 1989–2016 at 30m spatial resolution. We find that SWA decreases in water-poor northern China but increases in water-rich southern China during 1989–2016. Our results also reveal the spatial-temporal divergence and consistency between TWS and SWA during 2002–2016. In North China, extensive and continued losses of TWS, together with small to moderate changes of SWA, indicate long-term water stress in the region. Approximately 569 million people live in those areas with deceasing SWA or TWS trends in 2015. Our data set and the findings from this study could be used to support the government and the public to address increasing challenges of water resources and security in China.
A second generation leishmanization vaccine with a markerless attenuated Leishmania major strain using CRISPR gene editing
Authors: Zhang Wen-Wei , Karmakar Subir , Gannavaram Sreenivas , Dey Ranadhir , Lypaczewski Patrick , Ismail Nevien , Siddiqui Abid , Simonyan Vahan , Oliveira Fabiano , Coutinho-Abreu Iliano V. , DeSouza-Vieira Thiago , Meneses Claudio , Oristian James , Serafim Tiago D. , Musa Abu , Nakamura Risa , Saljoughian Noushin , Volpedo Greta , Satoskar Monika , Satoskar Sanika , Dagur Pradeep K. , McCoy J. Philip , Kamhawi Shaden , Valenzuela Jesus G. , Hamano Shinjiro , Satoskar Abhay R. , Matlashewski Greg , Nakhasi Hira L.
Published: July 2020

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania protozoa transmitted by infected sand flies. Vaccination through leishmanization with live Leishmania major has been used successfully but is no longer practiced because it resulted in occasional skin lesions. A second generation leishmanization is described here using a CRISPR genome edited L. major strain (LmCen−/−). Notably, LmCen−/− is a genetically engineered centrin gene knock-out mutant strain that is antibiotic resistant marker free and does not have detectable off-target mutations. Mice immunized with LmCen−/− have no visible lesions following challenge with L. major-infected sand flies, while non-immunized animals develop large and progressive lesions with a 2-log fold higher parasite burden. LmCen−/− immunization results in protection and an immune response comparable to leishmanization. LmCen−/− is safe since it is unable to cause disease in immunocompromised mice, induces robust host protection against vector sand fly challenge and because it is marker free, can be advanced to human vaccine trials.
Phasic dopamine reinforces distinct striatal stimulus encoding in the olfactory tubercle driving dopaminergic reward prediction
Authors: Oettl Lars-Lennart , Scheller Max , Filosa Carla , Wieland Sebastian , Haag Franziska , Loeb Cathrin , Durstewitz Daniel , Shusterman Roman , Russo Eleonora , Kelsch Wolfgang
Published: July 2020

The learning of stimulus-outcome associations allows for predictions about the environment. Ventral striatum and dopaminergic midbrain neurons form a larger network for generating reward prediction signals from sensory cues. Yet, the network plasticity mechanisms to generate predictive signals in these distributed circuits have not been entirely clarified. Also, direct evidence of the underlying interregional assembly formation and information transfer is still missing. Here we show that phasic dopamine is sufficient to reinforce the distinctness of stimulus representations in the ventral striatum even in the absence of reward. Upon such reinforcement, striatal stimulus encoding gives rise to interregional assemblies that drive dopaminergic neurons during stimulus-outcome learning. These assemblies dynamically encode the predicted reward value of conditioned stimuli. Together, our data reveal that ventral striatal and midbrain reward networks form a reinforcing loop to generate reward prediction coding.
Androgens predispose males to monocyte-mediated immunopathology by inducing the expression of leukocyte recruitment factor CXCL1
Authors: Sellau Julie , Groneberg Marie , Fehling Helena , Thye Thorsten , Hoenow Stefan , Marggraff Claudia , Weskamm Marie , Hansen Charlotte , Stanelle-Bertram Stephanie , Kuehl Svenja , Noll Jill , Wolf Vincent , Metwally Nahla Galal , Hagen Sven Hendrik , Dorn Christoph , Wernecke Julia , Ittrich Harald , Tannich Egbert , Jacobs Thomas , Bruchhaus Iris , Altfeld Marcus , Lotter Hannelore
Published: July 2020

Hepatic amebiasis, predominantly occurring in men, is a focal destruction of the liver due to the invading protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Classical monocytes as well as testosterone are identified to have important functions for the development of hepatic amebiasis in mice, but a link between testosterone and monocytes has not been identified. Here we show that testosterone treatment induces proinflammatory responses in human and mouse classical monocytes. When treated with 5α-dihydrotestosterone, a strong androgen receptor ligand, human classical monocytes increase CXCL1 production in the presence of Entamoeba histolytica antigens. Moreover, plasma testosterone levels of individuals undergoing transgender procedure correlate positively with the TNF and CXCL1 secretion from their cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Finally, testosterone substitution of castrated male mice increases the frequency of TNF/CXCL1-producing classical monocytes during hepatic amebiasis, supporting the hypothesis that the effects of androgens may contribute to an increased risk of developing monocyte-mediated pathologies.
Nuclear moonlighting of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates Arabidopsis response to heat stress
Authors: Kim Sang-Chul , Guo Liang , Wang Xuemin
Published: July 2020

Various stress conditions induce the nuclear translocation of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC), but its nuclear function in plant stress responses remains elusive. Here we show that GAPC interacts with a transcription factor to promote the expression of heat-inducible genes and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis. GAPC accumulates in the nucleus under heat stress. Overexpression of GAPC enhances heat tolerance of seedlings and the expression of heat-inducible genes whereas knockout of GAPCs has opposite effects. Screening of Arabidopsis transcription factors identifies nuclear factor Y subunit C10 (NF-YC10) as a GAPC-binding protein. The effects of GAPC overexpression are abolished when NF-YC10 is deficient, the heat-induced nuclear accumulation of GAPC is suppressed, or the GAPC-NF-YC10 interaction is disrupted. GAPC overexpression also enhances the binding ability of NF-YC10 to its target promoter. The results reveal a cellular and molecular mechanism for the nuclear moonlighting of a glycolytic enzyme in plant response to environmental changes.
A general approach to engineer positive-going eFRET voltage indicators
Authors: Abdelfattah Ahmed S. , Valenti Rosario , Zheng Jihong , Wong Allan ,   GENIE Project Team, Chuong Amy S. , Hasseman Jeremy P. , Jayaraman Vivek , Kolb Ilya , Korff Wyatt , Lavis Luke D. , Liang Yajie , Looger Loren L. , Merryweather Derek , Reep Daniel , Spruston Nelson , Svoboda Karel , Tsang Arthur , Tsegaye Getahun , Turner Glenn , Podgorski Kaspar , Koyama Minoru , Kim Douglas S. , Schreiter Eric R.
Published: July 2020

Imaging membrane voltage from genetically defined cells offers the unique ability to report spatial and temporal dynamics of electrical signaling at cellular and circuit levels. Here, we present a general approach to engineer electrochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer (eFRET) genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) with positive-going fluorescence response to membrane depolarization through rational manipulation of the native proton transport pathway in microbial rhodopsins. We transform the state-of-the-art eFRET GEVI Voltron into Positron, with kinetics and sensitivity equivalent to Voltron but flipped fluorescence signal polarity. We further apply this general approach to GEVIs containing different voltage sensitive rhodopsin domains and various fluorescent dye and fluorescent protein reporters.
Within-host microevolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae is rapid and adaptive during natural colonisation
Authors: Chaguza Chrispin , Senghore Madikay , Bojang Ebrima , Gladstone Rebecca A. , Lo Stephanie W. , Tientcheu Peggy-Estelle , Bancroft Rowan E. , Worwui Archibald , Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer , Ceesay Fatima , Okoi Catherine , McGee Lesley , Klugman Keith P. , Breiman Robert F. , Barer Michael R. , Adegbola Richard A. , Antonio Martin , Bentley Stephen D. , Kwambana-Adams Brenda A.
Published: July 2020

Genomic evolution, transmission and pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, an opportunistic human-adapted pathogen, is driven principally by nasopharyngeal carriage. However, little is known about genomic changes during natural colonisation. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing to investigate within-host microevolution of naturally carried pneumococci in ninety-eight infants intensively sampled sequentially from birth until twelve months in a high-carriage African setting. We show that neutral evolution and nucleotide substitution rates up to forty-fold faster than observed over longer timescales in S. pneumoniae and other bacteria drives high within-host pneumococcal genetic diversity. Highly divergent co-existing strain variants emerge during colonisation episodes through real-time intra-host homologous recombination while the rest are co-transmitted or acquired independently during multiple colonisation episodes. Genic and intergenic parallel evolution occur particularly in antibiotic resistance, immune evasion and epithelial adhesion genes. Our findings suggest that within-host microevolution is rapid and adaptive during natural colonisation.
Synucleinopathy alters nanoscale organization and diffusion in the brain extracellular space through hyaluronan remodeling
Authors: Soria Federico N. , Paviolo Chiara , Doudnikoff Evelyne , Arotcarena Marie-Laure , Lee Antony , Danné Noémie , Mandal Amit Kumar , Gosset Philippe , Dehay Benjamin , Groc Laurent , Cognet Laurent , Bezard Erwan
Published: July 2020

In recent years, exploration of the brain extracellular space (ECS) has made remarkable progress, including nanoscopic characterizations. However, whether ECS precise conformation is altered during brain pathology remains unknown. Here we study the nanoscale organization of pathological ECS in adult mice under degenerative conditions. Using electron microscopy in cryofixed tissue and single nanotube tracking in live brain slices combined with super-resolution imaging analysis, we find enlarged ECS dimensions and increased nanoscale diffusion after α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration. These animals display a degraded hyaluronan matrix in areas close to reactive microglia. Furthermore, experimental hyaluronan depletion in vivo reduces dopaminergic cell loss and α-synuclein load, induces microgliosis and increases ECS diffusivity, highlighting hyaluronan as diffusional barrier and local tissue organizer. These findings demonstrate the interplay of ECS, extracellular matrix and glia in pathology, unraveling ECS features relevant for the α-synuclein propagation hypothesis and suggesting matrix manipulation as a disease-modifying strategy.
Kondo scenario of the γ–α phase transition in single crystalline cerium thin films
Authors: Zhu Xie-Gang , Liu Yu , Zhao Ya-Wen , Wang Yue-Chao , Zhang Yun , Lu Chao , Duan Yu , Xie Dong-Hua , Feng Wei , Jian Dan , Wang Yong-Huan , Tan Shi-Yong , Liu Qin , Zhang Wen , Liu Yi , Luo Li-Zhu , Luo Xue-Bing , Chen Qiu-Yun , Song Hai-Feng , Lai Xin-Chun
Published: July 2020

The physical mechanism driving the γ–α phase transition of face-centre-cubic (fcc) cerium (Ce) remains controversial until now. In this work, high-quality single crystalline fcc–Ce thin films were grown on Graphene/6H-SiC(0001) substrate, and explored by XRD and ARPES measurement. XRD spectra showed a clear γ–α phase transition at Tγ−α ≈ 50 K, which is retarded by strain effect from substrate comparing with Tγ−α (about 140 K) of the bulk Ce metal. However, APRES spectra did not show any signature of α-phase emerging in the surface-layer from 300 to 17 K, which implied that α-phase might form at the bulk-layer of our Ce thin films. Besides, an evident Kondo dip near Fermi energy was observed in the APRES spectrum at 80 K, indicting the formation of Kondo singlet states in γ–Ce. Furthermore, the DFT + DMFT calculations were performed to simulate the electronic structures and the theoretical spectral functions agreed well with the experimental ARPES spectra. In γ–Ce, the behavior of the self-energy’s imaginary part at low frequency not only confirmed that the Kondo singlet states emerged at TKS ≥ 80 K, but also implied that they became coherent states at a lower characteristic temperature (Tcoh ~40 K) due to the indirect RKKY interaction among f–f electrons. Besides, Tcoh from the theoretical simulation was close to Tγ−α from the XRD spectra. These issues suggested that the Kondo scenario might play an important role in the γ–α phase transition of cerium thin films.
Multivariate time series dataset for space weather data analytics
Authors: Angryk Rafal A. , Martens Petrus C. , Aydin Berkay , Kempton Dustin , Mahajan Sushant S. , Basodi Sunitha , Ahmadzadeh Azim , Cai Xumin , Filali Boubrahimi Soukaina , Hamdi Shah Muhammad , Schuh Michael A. , Georgoulis Manolis K.
Published: July 2020

We introduce and make openly accessible a comprehensive, multivariate time series (MVTS) dataset extracted from solar photospheric vector magnetograms in Spaceweather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) series. Our dataset also includes a cross-checked NOAA solar flare catalog that immediately facilitates solar flare prediction efforts. We discuss methods used for data collection, cleaning and pre-processing of the solar active region and flare data, and we further describe a novel data integration and sampling methodology. Our dataset covers 4,098 MVTS data collections from active regions occurring between May 2010 and December 2018, includes 51 flare-predictive parameters, and integrates over 10,000 flare reports. Potential directions toward expansion of the time series, either “horizontally” – by adding more prediction-specific parameters, or “vertically” – by generalizing flare into integrated solar eruption prediction, are also explained. The immediate tasks enabled by the disseminated dataset include: optimization of solar flare prediction and detailed investigation for elusive flare predictors or precursors, with both operational (research-to-operations), and basic research (operations-to-research) benefits potentially following in the future.
The first theropod dinosaur (Coelurosauria, Theropoda) from the base of the Romualdo Formation (Albian), Araripe Basin, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Sayão Juliana Manso , Saraiva Antônio Álamo Feitosa , Brum Arthur Souza , Bantim Renan Alfredo Machado , de Andrade Rafael Cesar Lima Pedroso , Cheng Xin , de Lima Flaviana Jorge , de Paula Silva Helder , Kellner Alexander W. A.
Published: July 2020

The Romualdo Formation (Araripe Basin) is worldwide known for the large number of well-preserved fossils but the dinosaur record is rather scarce. Here we describe a new coelurosaur, which is the first tetrapod recovered from the basal layers of this stratigraphic unit that consist of dark shales. Aratasaurus museunacionali gen. et sp. nov. is known by an incomplete but articulated right hind limb with the distal portion of the femur, proximal half of tibia and incomplete pes. The new species differs from other coelurosaurs by a medial fossa in the tibia and digits II, III and IV being symmetric. The phylogenetic analysis recovered Aratasaurus museunacionali closely related to Zuolong salleei, forming a basal coelurosaur lineage. The paleohistology indicate that the specimen is a juvenile, with an estimated body length around 3.12 m. The new taxon represents the first occurrence of basal coelurosaurians in the Araripe Basin and suggests a widespread distribution of this group during the Lower Cretaceous.
Natural weak value amplification in Fano resonance and giant Faraday rotation in magneto-plasmonic crystal
Authors: Guchhait Shyamal , B S Athira , Modak Niladri , Nayak Jeeban Kumar , Panda Anwesha , Pal Mandira , Ghosh Nirmalya
Published: July 2020

The extraordinary concept of weak value amplification can be formulated within the realm of wave interference as nearly destructive interference between the eigenstates of the measuring observable. Here we report on a phenomenon of interferometric weak value amplification of small polarization rotation in Fano resonance that evolves completely naturally due to near destructive spectral domain interference between a continuum and a narrow resonance mode having slightly different polarization response. In order to elucidate this, we first experimentally demonstrate an interferometric weak value amplification concept by generating nearly destructive interference of two paths of an interferometer having slightly rotated linear polarization states of light. The weak value amplification of polarization rotation effect is manifested as dramatic changes in the polarization state of light, which acts as the pointer. We go on to demonstrate that the manifestation of natural interferometric weak value amplification is an important contributing factor to the observed giant Faraday rotation and ellipticity in waveguided magneto-plasmonic crystals exhibiting prominent Fano resonance. The natural weak value interpretation of the enhanced Faraday rotation in hybrid magneto-plasmonic systems enriches the existing understanding on its origin. This opens up a new paradigm of natural weak measurement for gaining fundamental insights and ensuing practical applications on various weak interaction effects in rich variety of wave phenomena that originate from fine interference effects.
The density of anthropogenic features explains seasonal and behaviour-based functional responses in selection of linear features by a social predator
Authors: Pigeon Karine E. , MacNearney D. , Hebblewhite M. , Musiani M. , Neufeld L. , Cranston J. , Stenhouse G. , Schmiegelow F. , Finnegan L.
Published: July 2020

Anthropogenic linear features facilitate access and travel efficiency for predators, and can influence predator distribution and encounter rates with prey. We used GPS collar data from eight wolf packs and characteristics of seismic lines to investigate whether ease-of-travel or access to areas presumed to be preferred by prey best explained seasonal selection patterns of wolves near seismic lines, and whether the density of anthropogenic features led to functional responses in habitat selection. At a broad scale, wolves showed evidence of habitat-driven functional responses by exhibiting greater selection for areas near low-vegetation height seismic lines in areas with low densities of anthropogenic features. We highlight the importance of considering landscape heterogeneity and habitat characteristics, and the functional response in habitat selection when investigating seasonal behaviour-based selection patterns. Our results support behaviour in line with search for primary prey during summer and fall, and ease-of-travel during spring, while patterns of selection during winter aligned best with ease-of-travel for the less-industrialized foothills landscape, and with search for primary prey in the more-industrialized boreal landscape. These results highlight that time-sensitive restoration actions on anthropogenic features can affect the probability of overlap between predators and threatened prey within different landscapes.
Co-administration of H-ferritin-doxorubicin and Trastuzumab in neoadjuvant setting improves efficacy and prevents cardiotoxicity in HER2 + murine breast cancer model
Authors: Andreata F. , Bonizzi A. , Sevieri M. , Truffi M. , Monieri M. , Sitia L. , Silva F. , Sorrentino L. , Allevi R. , Zerbi P. , Marchini B. , Longhi E. , Ottria R. , Casati S. , Vanna R. , Morasso C. , Bellini M. , Prosperi D. , Corsi F. , Mazzucchelli S.
Published: July 2020

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been established as the standard of care for HER2-positive breast cancer since it allows cancer down-staging, up to pathological complete response. The standard of care in the neoadjuvant setting for HER2-positive breast cancer is a combination of highly cytotoxic drugs such as anthracyclines and the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. Despite this cocktail allows a pathological complete response in up to 50%, their co-administration is strongly limited by intrinsic cardiotoxicity. Therefore, only a sequential administration of anthracyclines and the anti-HER2 treatment is allowed. Here, we propose the anthracycline formulation in H-Ferritin nanocages as promising candidate to solve this unmet clinical need, thanks to its capability to increase anthracyclines efficacy while reducing their cardiotoxicity. Treating a murine model of HER2-positive breast cancer with co-administration of Trastuzumab and H-Ferritin anthracycline nanoformulation, we demonstrate an improved tumor penetration of drugs, leading to increased anticancer efficacy and reduced of cardiotoxicity.
The implication of metabolically active Vibrio spp. in the digestive tract of Litopenaeus vannamei for its post-larval development
Authors: Garibay-Valdez Estefanía , Martínez-Córdova Luis Rafael , López-Torres Marco A. , Almendariz-Tapia F. Javier , Martínez-Porchas Marcel , Calderón Kadiya
Published: July 2020

This work aimed to evaluate the link between the occurrence/abundance ofVibriopopulations and bacterial composition in shrimp’s intestine (Litopenaeus vannamei) during post-larval ontogenetic development and in its culture water, and the correlation of these with environmental parameters. The total and metabolically active populations ofVibrioin the digestive tract of shrimp during its post-larval development were analysed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene sequence. A lab-scale shrimp bioassay was performed for 80 days in a recirculating aquarium under strictly controlled conditions. The results indicate that theVibriopopulation from shrimp’s gut is associated with its developmental stage and the environment. Multivariate analyses revealed that the presence ofVibriospp. drove the studied system, but their metabolically active performance was related to earlier developmental stages in an aqueous environment. Also, the samples taken from water of culture units to compare the influence of the aquatic environment on the intestinal microbial community during shrimp’s ontogenetic development showed significant differences. Finally, our results revealed thatVibriois an important member of shrimp’s gut microbiota; however, its metabolic activity seems to be highly regulated, possibly by the host and by the rest of the microbiota.
Overexpressed coiled-coil domain containing protein 8 (CCDC8) mediates newly synthesized HIV-1 Gag lysosomal degradation
Authors: Jiang Xiangxiang , Jia Xiaopeng , Sun Jinhuan , Qi Chunxia , Lu Lingling , Wang Yanfeng , Zhang Lei , Wei Min
Published: July 2020

Normally, HIV-1 enters into CD4+ cells through membrane fusion, and newly synthesized HIV-1 viral proteins assemble on the plasma membrane to form viral particles and bud out. In the previous study, we found host factor coiled-coil domain containing protein 8 (CCDC8) can strongly inhibit HIV-1 production, but the underline mechanism is not clear. Here we show that overexpression of CCDC8 reverses the normal HIV-1 production process, and causes newly assembled HIV-1 Gag particles to be endocytosed on the plasma membrane, rather than budding out. Live-cell imaging system captured the moment of CCDC8-mediated Gag internalization on the plasma membrane, and the speed of Gag turnover is up to 1.53 μm/s, much faster than Gag assembly on the plasma membrane. After Gag internalization, it accumulates in the cellular organelle—lysosome for degradation, but not proteasome, autophagosome, endoplasmic reticulum, clathrin or recycling endosome. In addition, CCDC8 is a membrane-associated protein, and N-terminal of CCDC8 is very important for membrane binding, and also important for inhibition of Gag assembly. C-terminal deletion of CCDC8 has a little effect on anti-HIV-1 effect. Moreover, CCDC8 is phosphorylated at amino acid threonine T87 and serine S261, and mono-methylated at lysine K491. Alanine mutations of T87A, S261A and K491A singly or in combination do not affect CCDC8 anti-HIV activity. In conclusion, overexpression of CCDC8 can cause newly assembled HIV-1 Gag particles on the plasma membrane to be endocytosed and degraded in lysosome.
PPARβ/δ-dependent MSC metabolism determines their immunoregulatory properties
Authors: Contreras-Lopez R. A. , Elizondo-Vega R. , Torres M. J. , Vega-Letter A. M. , Luque-Campos N. , Paredes-Martinez M. J. , Pradenas C. , Tejedor G. , Oyarce K. , Salgado M. , Jorgensen C. , Khoury M. , Kronke G. , Garcia-Robles M. A. , Altamirano C. , Luz-Crawford P. , Djouad F.
Published: July 2020

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is being increasingly considered a powerful opportunity for several disorders based on MSC immunoregulatory properties. Nonetheless, MSC are versatile and plastic cells that require an efficient control of their features and functions for their optimal use in clinic. Recently, we have shown that PPARβ/δ is pivotal for MSC immunoregulatory and therapeutic functions. However, the role of PPARβ/δ on MSC metabolic activity and the relevance of PPARβ/δ metabolic control on MSC immunosuppressive properties have never been addressed. Here, we demonstrate that PPARβ/δ deficiency forces MSC metabolic adaptation increasing their glycolytic activity required for their immunoregulatory functions on Th1 and Th17 cells. Additionally, we show that the inhibition of the mitochondrial production of ATP in MSC expressing PPARβ/δ, promotes their metabolic switch towards aerobic glycolysis to stably enhance their immunosuppressive capacities significantly. Altogether, these data demonstrate that PPARβ/δ governs the immunoregulatory potential of MSC by dictating their metabolic reprogramming and pave the way for enhancing MSC immunoregulatory properties and counteracting their versatility.