bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model of movement of a single spherical lupine particle in the extractor using low-frequency mechanical vibrations
Authors: Shitshatskii Yu. I. , Barbashin A. M. , Nikel S. A.
Published: October 2018

In our case, the solid body is the raw material of plant origin-lupine, crushed into grits, and the extractant is the cheese whey. The turbulent situation in the apparatus was created by the imposition of low-frequency mechanical vibrations, which have a significant impact on the characteristics of hydro-mechanical, mass transfer and thermal processes. This feature must be taken into account in the calculation of the extraction apparatus. The basic assumptions for the solution of the problem are formulated. The equation of motion of a single particle, which is contained in a number of works (Sow, an introduction, Chen, Protodyakonov, etc.). It is true in the instant values of the parameters. A simpler equation describing the motion of the dispersed particle and time correlation tensors with their subsequent decomposition into the Fourier integral are written. Further, taking into account the definition of tensors, the dependences for the calculation of the intensity of the chaotic motion of continuous and dispersed phases are shown, and the final expression is obtained, showing the ratio of the intensities of the phases. The coefficient of turbulent diffusion of each phase is proportional to the intensity of the chaotic motion of the corresponding phase. Therefore, the written finite equation for the phase ratio allows to estimate the ratio of the turbulent diffusion coefficients of the liquid and dispersed phases in the extraction apparatus. In our case, the ratio of the density of Hg / Hg is 1.1. Since the density of lupine and cheese whey differ quantitatively, we should expect some increase in the relative velocity of the phases, which will increase the rate of mass transfer. The intensities of the phases chaotic motion will not be the same, as well as the coefficients of turbulent diffusion. Thus, the case of motion of a single particle in a turbulent flow is complex and can be solved only under sufficiently serious assumptions formulated below.
Rapid method for wheat flour aging
Authors: Nazarova V. V. , Bondarenko I. B. , Zhdanova O. L.
Published: October 2018

Freshly milled wheat flour made from high quality grain gives a low quality bread, especially in the processing of the newly harvested grain. The flour acquires requisite technological properties only after a certain amount of time, which is called flour aging. The strength of wheat flour increases with aging as well as the bread volume, but it takes a lot of time. The main reason behind the increase in strength of the aged wheat flour is change in physical properties of the gluten. The goal of current research is to determine the relationship between stabilization time of wheat flour capacitance and gluten content. The method is based on determining the electrical capacitance of the flour sample which is stabilized depending on gluten content of the flour and correlated with flour aging time. The method involves the use of 15 wheat flour samples with gluten content in the range of 23.0–32.0% and moisture content up to 15.0%. The proposed method allows to use mathematical equations to determine the time of flour aging depending on the gluten content.
Commodity characteristics and quality assessment of green tea sold in retail chains of Saint-Petersburg
Authors: Aliea A. K. , Barbashenova E. O.
Published: October 2018

Tea is one of the most favorite drinks in the world. About the useful effect of green tea on the human body is known very much. In connection with the fall of the economy, the quality of products entering the trading networks is also deteriorating, so we decided to check the quality of green tea sold by trading networks in St. Petersburg. There are the results of a study on the quality of green tea from different manufacturers in the article and accordance with their normative documents. Organoleptic and physico-chemical methods were used to allowable the quality of tea. We studied these samples for safety according to the maximum permissible content of toxins, radionuclides, mycotoxins and microorganisms in tea. According to the physico-chemical examination revealed violations in terms of: the content of tannin, water-soluble extractive substances, active acidity, increased mold content, which attests about assortment falsification of green tea, the use of poor quality raw materials, violation of technological processes and storage processes. As a result, it can be concluded that in production of tea it is necessary to take into account all regulatory requirements and comply with all technological processes, consider the requirements for storage and transportation of tea, certify the goods and use more manual labor when collecting tea leaves. Trading enterprises should use only certified goods and to use the conclusions of expert laboratoriesmore often.
Experience in building and managing a labor protection system in a health care institution
Authors: Dashkova E. S. , Dorokhova N. V.
Published: October 2018

Management of the occupational safety system in all organizations, as well as in health care institutions, should be devoid of formalism, which is now extremely rare and is represented only by isolated practices in some organizations, which confirms the relevance of their study and generalization of experience. For the analysis of experience of management of system of labor protection the operating normative legal base of Federal, branch, regional levels, and also data of the reporting of the Voronezh regional clinical consultative and diagnostic center concerning labor protection and safety was used. The study of the experience of management of the occupational safety system in the Voronezh regional clinical consultative and diagnostic center revealed the stages of its formation, the structure of the current occupational safety system and its regulatory framework. The process of building the occupational safety system in the Voronezh regional clinical consultative and diagnostic center was carried out in two stages. The first stage is the creation of a structure for labor protection. The second stage is the systematization of labor protection activities and the expansion of the local regulatory framework. The study of the authors allowed to draw the following conclusions: there are no cases of occupational injuries and occupational diseases in the Voronezh regional clinical consultative and diagnostic center; the medical establishment is actively and continuously involved in the contest for best organization of work on labor protection, gets the prizes. Voronezh regional clinical consultative and diagnostic center has a large number of diplomas, valuable gifts for work in the field of labor protection. The authors concluded that the study approach to the management of labor protection system in the Voronezh regional clinical consultative and diagnostic center devoid of formalism, is positive and can be used in other organizations regardless of their industry sector.
Agglomeration effect in the development of economic security
Authors: Ovchinnikova T. I. , Salikov Yu. A. , Grigoryeva V. V. , Duvanova Yu. N. , Chaikovskaya L. N.
Published: October 2018

A systematic look at patterns of influence territorial development at the economic security of enterprises functioning in the region. The authors consider the problems of territorial effect as insufficient competitiveness and stability in the development of enterprises that do not take into account the influence of General (the law of adequacy of production relative to the level and nature of the development of productive forces, the law of competition and others) and special (the law of geographical division and integration of labor, the law of territorial differentiation and integration and other) laws in the development of production. The method of calculating the predicted value of investment at the regional level in a high-tech competitive enterprise, the method of determining the connectivity of the economic space of the region as a result of combining economic ties between individual territories are considered. In the concept of the influence of special laws, the effect of historical (traditional) advantages of the national economic complex of the Voronezh region in order to improve the efficiency of investment in innovation, optimization of public and private structures, the development of public institutions takes into account the effective manifestation of the laws of territorial differentiation, competition, territorial proportionality. On the example of dairy industry enterprises in line with the principles proposed by the authors (reduction of the share of low-innovation enterprises, communicative saturation, modularity of industrial production and others), the account of agglomeration effect in economically safe (competitive, sustainable, risk-free) development of enterprises is justified.
Features of risks assessment from the position of the behavioral economy
Authors: Kiseleva I. A. , Simonovich N. E. , Kosenko I. S.
Published: October 2018

The problem of ensuring economic security of the enterprise is undoubtedly actual now as safety of the organization is directly connected with efficiency of functioning of the managing subject. In addition, in Russia there is an acute problem of unfair competition in the market, criminalization of certain segments that force enterprises to take certain measures. The analysis of risks of the enterprise allows to avoid not only essential material losses, but also irreparable damage and even bankruptcy. Economic security is an essential element of business operation and is a complex system of threat management inherent in business activities throughout the life cycle of the enterprise. It ensures achievement of business goals in conditions of competition and economic risk. The aim of the work is to study the main aspects of economic security of the enterprise in the Russian Federation. The object of the study of this work is the enterprise, and the subject – its economic security. The methods of cognition, retrospective and documentary analysis, economic and mathematical modeling, as well as synthesis, generalization, systematization were used as methods in the performance of the work. The efficiency of the enterprise depends not only on internal factors, but also on external: political, economic, geopolitical, environmental, social. The study of their complex influence on the functioning of an organization is the basis of ensuring the economic security of the company. In order to ensure the economic security of the organization, its stable operation and a stable position in the market, it is necessary to manage risks in order to minimize them, as well as mandatory measures to reduce the consequences and losses from risks.
Scientific substantiation of the multi-criteria approach system to intrafirm strategic planning of equity capital on the industrial enterprises
Authors: Ponomareva S. V. , Zheleznova I. V.
Published: October 2018

The article provides an overview of existing approaches to strategic planning in industrial enterprises, reveals the degree of development of the problem of internal planning. The authors of the article propose a multi-criteria approach to internal strategic planning of equity capital, as this approach takes into account the characteristics of each enterprise. The article describes the main criteria of planning and presents a system of planned indicators, which is used to prepare and justify management decisions, as well as the plan objectives are linked to resources and efficiency of their use. Based on the study of scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists, it is found that a multi-criteria approach to internal strategic planning of the industrial enterprise's own capital is the most relevant in the conditions of the introduction of the digital economy in the activities of large companies. Special attention in the scientific article is given to problems justify the selection of approaches to intra-firm strategic planning, private capital and industrial companies. The article considers both basic theoretical approaches and innovative approaches, and the analysis of the researchers ' views on the problem of applying approaches to corporate strategic planning of own capital by industrial enterprises. As research tasks, the authors determined the directions of selection of criteria for evaluation of internal planning of own capital by industrial enterprises. The object of the study, in this work, are the industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation, which, in the present period of time, are adapting to the new conditions of functioning, within the framework of the concept "industry 4.0". The subject of the research is scientific approaches to internal strategic planning of the industrial enterprise's own capital. Article research, it is theoretical, in this connection, the following methods of scientific knowledge materials: deduction, synthesis, etc. In the conclusion the authors come to the conclusion that the scientific approaches to intra-firm strategic planning, private capital should be developed, as there is a digital transformation of key processes within all major industrial enterprises. Since digitalization, today, touched all stages of production of finished products, transport logistics and other areas of industrial production.
Assessment of trends in shifts in the distribution of livestock sectors in the regions of the Central black earth in the post-Soviet period
Authors: Davydov A. M. , Davydov D. M. , Kirpichnikov V. P. , Davydova E. A.
Published: October 2018

The article considers the state of the modern location of livestock sectors in the Central Chernozem region. Revealed changes in the distribution of livestock animals, production of major livestock products in the region for the period from 1990 to 2015. The factors and conditions that determined these changes and prospects for the industry development are determined. For the post-reform years, there has been an unprecedented decline in the number of livestock and poultry. Thus, a herd of cattle as a whole in the central-chernozem area in 2015, in comparison with 1990, decreased by 4.4 times. The state of the pig industry in the region was also characterized by a negative dynamics of the number of pigs until 2005, when it declined by 3.4 times. The greatest damage in the years of reforms was borne by sheep, where the number of sheep in 2015 to the level of 1990 decreased by 5, 5 times. The decisive factors in the sharp drop in the levels of livestock and poultry, in the production of livestock products and the deep crisis of the industry were the ill-considered until the end of the reform of the collective-farm and state farming system, the loss-making of most types of products because of low sales prices that did not reimburse the costs of agricultural producers for its production. Evaluation of structural shifts in the distribution of livestock production showed that the volume of meat production in the Central Black Earth region has significantly increased the share of poultry meat from 14, 1 in 1990 to 46.6% in 2015, pork from 38.8 to 46.4%. At the same time, the specific weight of beef decreased significantly from 46.3 to 6.4% and lamb from 2.5 to 0.5%. Analyzing the efficiency of the location of livestock production in the central black earth region, it should be noted that it was determined not only by territorial and sectoral peculiarities, but primarily by organizational and economic factors, among which one of the priority is the effective management of an agricultural area in a given region of the central black earth region.
Analysis Factor of Capital Structure Property and Real Estate Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Suciati Ranila , Purwohedi Unggul , Ahmad Gatot Nazir
Published: October 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of company Size (SIZE), Liquidity(LIQ), Growth Opportunity (GROWTH), Tangibility (TANG), dan Bussines Risk (RISK) of Capital Structure-property and real estate in Indonesia. This research is quantitative research aiming to work out a systematically explain the facts and properties in an object in the study then do the merger between related variables in it with the presentation of secondary data from the financial statements of banking companies in the country of Indonesia. The population used in this study is a banking company listed in Indonesia stock exchanges in the period 2009-2016. Research results for property and real estate in Indonesia The value of R square model is 0,589 percent means that the variation of capital structure that can be explained by the independent variables in the analysis of Size, Liq, Growth, Tang, and Risk of 58.90 percent of the remaining of 41.1 percent explained by other factors not included in this study.
Experimental and numerical simulation study of perforation effect of steel pipes subject to the impact loadings of ASC and LSC jets
Authors: Gao Fuyin , Ji Chong , Wu Jianyu , Li Xinghua , Yu Yang
Published: October 2018

The perforation effect of steel pipes subjected to the circular-shaped charge (ASC) and linear-shaped charge (LSC) jet were studied by experimental research, and the explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element computer code LS-DYNA was adapted to study the nonlinear responses of the steel pipes, which subjected to the impact of the two different jets, using Lagrangian-Eulerian coupling method. The deformation process and the stress of the steel pipes were described and analyzed, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment data. The studies indicated that under the impact of ASC jet, the steel pipe got a circular incision and a deformation process of local perforation, flocculent shear lip forming and axial shock. Under the impact of LSC jet, the steel pipe got a ship-type incision and a deformation process of coupling of local perforation and dent, whole bending and radial shock. The formation of flocculent shear lip attributes to the radial stress concentration. Under the impact of LSC jet, the whole bending leads to the axial stretch and tearing of the cut tip, and there is a bigger radial plastic deformation area than the damage effect for the impact of ASC jet.
BRICS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SOCIALLY RESPONSIVE ECONOMY
Authors: Gladun E.
Published: October 2018

The 10th BRICS Academic Forum, consisting of scholars, think tanks and non-governmental organizations from Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, took place in Johannesburg, South Africa on 28–31 May 2018. The event was hosted jointly by the BRICS Think Tank Council (BTTC) and the South African BRICS Think Tank (SABTT) with the support of the South African government and the National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS) as the SABTT custodian and coordinator.

 Under South Africa’s direction as chair of BRICS, participation at the Academic Forum was extended to other African countries as part of the Africa Outreach Initiative: Angola, Burundi, Ethiopia, Gabon, Namibia, Uganda, Togo, Rwanda and Senegal accepted invitations. Participants commended the efforts made by China during its turn as chair of BRICS to promote BRICS cooperation and suggested working together to strengthen the three-wheel-driven areas of economy, peace and security, and people-to-people exchanges.

 For the final four days of May, Johannesburg became a vibrant intellectual capital offering for the Academic Forum participants much debate and discussion, plenary sessions and side events all united under the theme “Envisioning Inclusive Development Through a Socially Responsive Economy.” The 2018 Academic Forum focused on the topics most important for the BRICS group ranging from peace and security, energy, gender relations and health to regional integration. The Forum was a complete success with broad consensus and submitted a list of recommendations for the consideration of the leaders of BRICS.
Secondary Curriculum in the Time of Digitisation
Authors: Douse Mike , Uys Philip
Published: October 2018

This paper explores the consequences for the secondary curriculum of education’s forthcoming and fundamental transformation into the Digital Age. Piecemeal ICT “add-ons”, once seen as innovative and ingenious, have become dysfunctional distractions, no matter how powerful the research and marketing behind them. The requirement from now onwards is for a creative, comprehensive (and conceivably cosmopolitan) learner-driven secondary curriculum, determined, owned and enjoyed by the students and conveyed by their teachers. As the Global School—the universal lifelong educational experience—eventuates, the substance, practice and consequences of education can and should become much more equitable, ethical and enjoyable (and far less competitive, test-oriented and world-of-work-dominated). The justifications for specific post-primary “Computer Studies” programmes evaporate once all subjects are digitally-embracing. These and other implications of this ground-breaking “Education based upon Digitisation” reality are investigated, focussing upon the secondary phase.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Teknoloji Algılarının Resimler Yoluyla İncelenmesi
Authors: BULUT ÖZEK Müzeyyen
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin teknoloji
algılarının çizdikleri resimler ve bu resimleri açıkladıkları yazılı dokümanlar
aracılığıyla belirlenmesidir. Araştırmaya Elazığ’da bir ortaokulda öğrenim
gören 35 öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin teknolojiye yönelik algılarını
belirlemek için veriler resimler ve görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmış, elde edilen
veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda
6.sınıf öğrencilerinin çizdiği resimlerde bilgisayar, cep telefonu ve
televizyon gibi teknolojik araç gereçlerin ön plana çıktığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Ayrıca erkek ve kız öğrencilerin çizdiği resimlerin farklı olmadığı
belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte cinsiyet ile öğrencilerin teknolojinin yararları
kavramına ilişkin algıları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkinin
bulunduğu ancak teknolojinin zararları kavramına ilişkin algıları arasında
anlamlı ilişkinin bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, teknolojinin
etkisiyle değişen dünyayı daha iyi anlamak için çocukların algılarını ve bakış
açılarını yakalamaya odaklanacak daha fazla araştırma yapılması önerilmektedir.
KEMAMPUAN UJI TABUNG WIDAL MENGGUNAKAN ANTIGEN IMPORT DAN ANTIGEN LOKAL
Authors: Wardhani Puspa , Prihatini Prihatini , M.Y Probohoesodo
Published: October 2018

Despite of its higher specificity than Widal-slide test, Widal-tube test is not widely used by medical laboratories because it is not practical and each laboratory has to produce their own antigens. The Laboratory must have sufficient microbiology equipments and reagents to produce antigens. REMEL® provides ‘ready for use' antigens to perform Widal-tube test. To Compare and correlate Widal-tube test using REMEL® imported antigens and local antigens (produced by lab. Clinical pathology Dr. Soetomo hospital). The samples were tested by Widal-tube test, using REMEL® and local antigens, comparing Salmonella typhi (ST) O antigen, ST H antigen, S. paratyphi (SP) A H antigen, and SP B H antigen for each method, with twofold dilution from 1/40 until 1/1280. The number of samples was 55. The results are defined as pathologic (above cut-off value) and non pathologic (below cut-off value). REMEL® ST O antigen had a significant correlation to local antigens (r = 0.665, p < 0.01). REMEL® ST H antigen also had a significant correlation to local antigen (r = 0.671, p < 0.01), REMEL® SP B H has no significant correlation to local antigen (r = 0.389, p < 0.01). All samples (55) showed negative results (non pathologic) using SPA H local antigen. When using REMEL® SPA H antigen, 51 were non pathologic and 4 were pathologic. Widal-tube test using REMEL® antigens has significant correlation with local antigens so it might be considered to be used for diagnosing typhoid fever.
RESISTENSI Mycobacterium Tuberculosis TERHADAP OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS
Authors: Nikmawati A. , Windarwati Windarwati , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Patients infected with resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain will be very difficult to cure by standard treatment. To evaluatethe drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A Cross sectional study was performed from January until July 2005. Samples wereobtained from sputum of the suspect tuberculosis. All samples were cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen Media and followed by sensitivity testaccording to resistance ratio method. Of 236 samples, there were 30% positive cultures. The percentage of mono-resistance to Isoniazidwas 70%, to Rifampicin 64.3%, to Ethambutol 62.8% and Streptomycin 64.3%. The percentage of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis(MDR-TB) was 20–40% and the percentage of poly-resistant (Ethambutol and Streptomycin) was 47.1%. The percentage of suspecttuberculosis with positive culture was 30%. There were also found high percentage of mono-resistant, poly-resistant and MDR-TB.
UJI DIAGNOSTIK PLASMODIUM MALARIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE IMUNOKROMATOGRAFI DIPERBANDINGKAN DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN MIKROSKOPIS
Authors: L Ima Arum , AP Purwanto , S Arfi , H Tetrawindu , Octora M , Mulyanto Mulyanto , K Surayah , Amanukarti Amanukarti
Published: October 2018

Microscopic examination is still a gold standard for malaria diagnostic tests. Immunochromatographic (IC) technique can be usedas an alternative examination. The aim is to compare the identification value of immunochromatographic method diagnostic test tomicroscopic examination of malaria in laboratory examination. Cross sectional diagnostic study approach was applied to those withsymptoms of: (1) fever (temperature > 38°C) or intermittent fever lasting for two days or more (2) cephalgia/myalgia, 604 sampleswere taken consecutively in January to July 2005 from primary health centres of Sukaraja and Keruak, as well as Clinic Nugraha atLombok Timur district , province of Nusa Tenggara Barat . From these samples, there were 37 samples with P.vivax, 45 samples with P.falciparum, 5 samples with mixed infection and 517 samples without Plasmodium sp. From IC examination, results were reserved for 36samples with P. vivax, 69 samples with P. falciparum, 5 samples with mixed infection and 503 samples without Plasmodium sp. Diagnostictest data analysis showed that the immunochromatographic test revealed 100% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity, 83.2% positive predictivevalue and 100% negative predictive value. It can be concluded that malaria IC test is reliable to be used as a routine malaria test.
PENERAPAN PEMETAAN GAGASAN (CONCEPT MAPPING) DALAM MANAJEMEN MUTU DI LABORATORIUM KLINIK
Authors: Kahar H
Published: October 2018

Quality laboratory services are always been monitored in order to improve the quality deficiencies. Some quality concepts have beenimplemented in laboratory quality assurance; concept mapping might be implemented as one of the choices. Concept mapping has oftenbeen implemented in various organizations such as in the clinical laboratory.
PERBANDINGAN SEDIAAN BASAH DENGAN SEDIAAN GRAM HAPUSAN SEKRET VAGINA UNTUK DIAGNOSIS BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
Authors: Notopoero P B , Prihatini Prihatini
Published: October 2018

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a clinical condition with changes in the vaginal ecosystem. Under normal conditions, the vaginalecosystem contains Lactobacilli microflora but in BV condition, it contains mixed microflora ie combination of anaerobic bacteria andGardnerella sp. There are approximately 300 cases of BV a year in the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. We can examine vaginal fluidmicroscopically to diagnose BV with wet mount and Gram stain method. Wet mount method is fast to do that clinicians can establishthe diagnosis and therapy earlier. Gram stain method is the gold standard method and more common to do in the laboratory but thestaining method can affect the result. This study aims to know the diagnostic value of wet mount method compared with Gram stainmethod for BV. There were 30 subjects from the Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic in the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. They presentedwith from the leucorrhoea and fullfiled the clinical criteria for BV. We took the vaginal fluid and examined them with wet mount andGram stain microscopy. The percentage of agreement between wet mount and Gram stain method for BV Grade I is 66%, BV grade IIis 66%, BV grade III is 84.6%, and BV grade IV is 100%. The sensitivity of wet mount method is 85.71%, the specificity is 88.88%, thepositive predictive value and negative predictive value are 94.73% and 72.72%. Based on these data, wet mount method can replaceGram stain method to diagnose BV microscopically in the case that there is not enough time and resource for Gram stain. The wet mountmethod has good sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. Wet mount method has a shortcoming in identifying themicroorganism, but this problem can be solved by combining this method with Gram stain method.
POLA KUMAN BERDASARKAN SPESIMEN DAN SENSITIVITAS TERHADAP ANTIMIKROBA
Authors: Rostina Rostina , Rusli B , Arief M , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

High prevalence of infectious diseases in Indonesia lead to the use of uncontrollable anti microbial treatment with less concern todrug resistance, marked with fewer requests for sensitivity testing. This leads to irrational anti microbial treatment and increasing drugresistance. With unsupported condition for using a sensitivity test prior to anti microbial treatment, a common guide for choosing ananti microbial agent for infection of specific organ system is needed. A descriptive study of retrospectively collected data of sensitivity testresults was done on 841 spesimens from sources of infected organs in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital of Makassar during 2005–2006periods. Objectives of this study are to know the microbial pattern of specific organ infection (represented by microbes of the specimens),antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the microorganisms, and whether there is shifting of the pattern within a 1 year period. Shiftingof microbial patterns during 2005–2006 period was found. Klebsiella aeroginosa, Enterobacter agglomerans, Alkaligenes faecalis andEscherichia coli were the most frequent micro organisms found from spesimens examined. Most of antimicrobial drugs commonlyused were found effective to most of micro organisms, while amikacin, cefepime, gentamycin, sulbactam, tobramycin, vancomycin andmeropene were still sensitive enough to the majority of the infectious agents.
KEUNTUNGAN DAN KERUGIAN PENJAMINAN MUTU BERDASARKAN UJI MEMASTIKAN KECERMATAN (POCT)
Authors: Kahar Hartono
Published: October 2018

Laboratory examination especially for critical care such as emergency care, intensive care has been developed near the site of patientcare which is referred to point-of-care testing (POCT). As to the definition of POCT, there are many synonyms such as ancillary testing,satellite testing, and bedside testing, near patient testing, home testing, self-management, patient self-management, remote testing andphysician's office laboratories. Based on evidence-based POCT, the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) has recommendedsome POCT such as coagulation tests, transcutan bilirubin testing, marker for acute coronary syndromes, diabetes mellitus, drugsand ethanol, Infectious disease testing, occult blood test, pH testing, renal function test, intraoperative PTH, renal function test andreproduction test. Some researchers conclude that performing POCT for critical care is efficient, while others found it not efficient,therefore, careful assessment of the advantages and disadvantages is important when implementing POCT. Nurses are the personnelin the acute care unit who often perform POCT; however they desire that laboratory personnel take the responsibility, therefore it isimportant to discuss which personnel are appropriate to conduct quality control of POCT.
GEJALA RUBELA BAWAAN (KONGENITAL) BERDASARKAN PEMERIKSAAN SEROLOGIS DAN RNA VIRUS
Authors: Kadek Kadek , Darmadi S.
Published: October 2018

Rubella infection with occurs during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester often caused by Congenital Rubella Syndrome(CRS). CRS can resulting abortions, miscarriages, stillbirth, and severe birth defects. The baby diagnosed with CRS when characterizedby signs or symptoms from the following two categories A (Cataracts/congenital glaucoma, congenital heart disease (most commonlypatent ductus arteriosus or peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis), loss of hearing, pigmentary retinopathy) or one categorie A andone catagorie B (Purpura, splenomegaly, jaundice, microencephaly, mental retardation, meningoencephalitis, radiolucent bone disease.Laboratory confirmation can be obtained by any of the following: virus isolation, serologi test (pasif hemaglutination, latex agglutinationtest, hemaglutination inhibisi, Flouresence immunoassay, Enzyme immunoassay), RNA test.
LEUKEMIA LIMFOBLASTIK AKUT PADA DEWASA DENGAN FENOTIP BILINEAGE (LIMFOID-B DAN T)
Authors: Z A Maimun , Budiman Budiman
Published: October 2018

In this report we describe a patient with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with bilineage phenotypic. He was found to have massive right pleural effusion with mediastinal shift to the contra lateral side. There was also a smaller left pleural effusion. He had multiple bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, tense ascites and bilateral pedal oedema up to the shins. He was otherwise clinically stable.His full blood count on admission showed Hb of 11.4 g/dl, platelets of 59 X 109/L and WBC of 12.99 í— 109/L with blasts of 26%. His renal function was normal with a creatinine of 107 micromoles/L. Bone marrow trephine biopsy showed features consistent with acute lymphoblast leukemia-L1. Flow cytrometry of his blood was suggestive of bilineage phenotypic acute lymphoblast leukaemia. It showeda single population of blasts (about 31%) which expressed cCD3+, CD4-, CD7+, CD5-, CD19+, CD34+, TdT+, cytoplasm IgM, CD79a+ and 30% are CD10+, and there was aberrant CD33+ expression with no evidence of MPO or CD117 expression. Cytogenesis of the bone marrow trephine biopsy showed numerical and structural abnormalities in nine out of the seventeen cells analysed. These abnormalitiesare 43~47,XY, add (1)(p34.2), add(2)(p13), i(17)(q10), +21[cp9].
TROMBOSITOPENIA PADA PENGOBATAN DENGAN HEPARIN
Authors: Mulyadi,* B. , Soemarsono J.
Published: October 2018

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a well known side effect of heparin therapy, occurs in 1–5% of adults exposed to heparin.Unlike other drug induced thrombocytopenia, HIT does not usually cause bleeding, but instead cause thrombosis about 50% of HIT.The thrombosis in HIT can lead to limb gangrene or even death. The Importance to know the HIT is the wide use of heparin led tothe increasing recognition of untoward complications including HIT, relatively uncommon but severe side effect of heparin therapy,unpredictable, and difficulty in diagnosing and treating HIT. HIT is mediated by an antibody that recognizes an epitope on the plateletfactor (PF4)-heparin complex. The platelet factor (PF4)-heparin complex binds to FcgRII receptor on the platelet surface and crosslinksthereceptors.Thisinducesintenseplateletactivationandaggregationandsimultaneouslyactivatesbloodcoagulationpathways,thesechangesareprobablythebasisofthethrombosiseventsinHIT.HITwasclassifiedintotype1and2baseonthepathogenesisandtheseverityofHIT.RegularplateletcountmonitoringisbestsuitedforearlydiagnosisofHIT.Functional(serotoninrelease,plateletaggregationtest)andantigenassays(solidphaseenzymeimmunoassay,fluidphase,andparticlegelimmunoassay)areavailabletoconfirmHIT.HITwasmadebaseontheclinicalfindingandlaboratoryexamination.OnceHITisclinicallysuspected,heparinshouldbestoppedimmediatelyandtreatmentwithanalternativeanticoagulant,waitingforlaboratoryconfirmationmaybecatastrophic.Earlydiagnosisof HIT will decrease the morbidity and mortality.
NILAI DIAGNOSTIK UJI TROPONIN I KUANTITATIF METODE IMMUNOKROMATOGRAFI
Authors: Fatonah Siti , Widijanti Anik , Hernowati Tinny Endang
Published: October 2018

Cardiac troponins are the most sensitive and specific biochemical markers of myocardial damage but there is no standardization of WHO for cardiac troponin I, resulting in a variability for diagnostic value. It is necessary to determine diagnostic value for a new kitof troponin I. To evaluate a new quantitative immunochromatography assay for troponin I at a various cut off level. A cross sectionalstudy was conducted in 64 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 55 non-AMI as control from February to September2007. The level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was measured and determined it diagnostic value at a various cut off level. The sensitivity,specificity, PPV and NPV of this assay were 91%, 91%, 92% and 89% at cut off level of 1,0 ng/ml (according to the kit), respectively.The cut off of cTnI were divided into five levels: 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 with the area under curve were 0.923, 0.908, 0.912, and0.897, respectively. The sensitivity were 94%, 91%, 86%, 81% and 72%, respectively, the specificity were 91%, 91%, 96%, 98% and98%, respectively. This rapid diagnostic test is sensitive and specific to diagnose an acute coronary syndromes.
KEPUASAN PELANGGAN INTERNAL
Authors: Faika Rosni , Sianipar O
Published: October 2018

Customer satisfaction survey is one of efforts of continuously quality improvement of care and also can be used to maintain customers that already utilize available services. Efforts of corrective action should be done based on result of this survey. The objective of this surveyis to assess desired-service and reality of the service undergone by internal customer and to improve quality of service of laboratorymedicine in Clinical Laboratory of Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. This is cross sectional customer satisfaction survey. Subject of thissurvey are 23 doctors work in Dr Sardjito Hospital. Data collected by questionnaire that contain 18 items about desired-service andreality of service undergone by internal customer from service given by Clinical Laboratory of Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Respondents assessdesired-service and reality of service using Likert scale. The obtained data are analyzed by Cartesius diagram. Result of the survey showsthat average concordant between desired-service and reality of service is 85.5%. Main priority corrective action to improve quality ofservice are: 1) readiness of registry staff; 2) easiness of registration procedure; 3) skill of laboratory staff in explaining and recordingtest parameter; 4) service of cito service; 5) 24 hours laboratory service and 6) timely laboratory test.
UJI CEPAT (RAPID TEST) ANTIBODI IgM TERHADAP Salmonella typhi DEMAM TIFOID
Authors: Riyant Rini , . Prihatini , Rochmatoen Siti
Published: October 2018

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. The definitive diagnosis can be made by isolation of Salmonella typhi from blood, bone marrow or other body fluids. To support the clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever in Indonesia, where most hospitals and health centres haveno facilities for cultures, a rapid test for the detection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies was evaluatedon serum samples from patients with typhoid fever. This study is proposed to know the rapid test diagnostic value for the detection oflipopolysaccharides (LPS) Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies. A cross sectional, observational analytical study on 27 typhoidfever and 25 dengue hemorrhagic fever patients of the Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Dr. M Soewandhi General Hospital and Gotong-RoyongClinic has been conducted from January – May 2007. The diagnosis of typhoid fever patients was based on positive gall culture whilethe diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever was based on negative gall culture, positive serology examination for dengue hemorrhagicfever and a recovery from dengue hemorrhagic fever with standard treatment. The sera from patients were examined using a rapid testfor the detection of lipopolysacharides (LPS) Salmonella typhi specific IgM antibodies from Amgenix Onsight of the first blood samples(collected on admission to the hospital) the rapid test for IgM antibodies showed the following: sensitivity 70.4%, specificity 80.0%,positive predictive value 79.2%, negative predictive value 71.4%, diagnostic efficiency 75% respectively. Of the second blood samples(collected 2–3 weeks during the illness) therapid test for IgM antibodies showed the following: sensitivity 88.9%, positive predictive value 82.8%, negative predictive value 87.0%, and diagnostic efficiency 84.6% respectively. The rapid test for IgM antibodies has a high diagnostic value for typhoid fever. The assay uses stabilized components which can be stored at room temperature; the test does notrequire special equipment and may be used in health centres that have no facilities for culture.
ANALISIS CAIRAN DARAH (TRANSUDAT) DAN SERUM CAMPURAN (EKSUDAT) DI PENDERITA DENGAN REMBESAN SELAPUT PARU (EFUSI PLEURA)
Authors: Irwadi Didi , Y. Wibawa Sulina , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Pleural effusion is a fluid excess into pleural cavity due to transudation or exudation processes. The fluid deposited in the cavity canthreat the patient's life. The pleural effusion could be produced in a patient with tuberculosis, cancer, cardiac failure, renal failure orviral/bacterial infection. The study is aimed to analyze the patterns of substance in the pleural effusion fluids produced by differentdiseases. A cross sectional study was performed from June 2006 to June 2007 at Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. WahidinSudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. The fluids were tested for glucose, total protein, LDH, and leukocyte count. Of 87 pleural effusion fluidsamples from 14–80 years old patients, 34.5% were transudates and 65.5% were exudates. Glucose value was higher (one tail T test,p < 0.01) in transudates group, whereas protein, LDH and leukocyte count were higher (one tail T test, p < 0.01) in exudates group.There were no significant differences of glucose, protein, LDH and leukocyte count among diseases within transudates group, as well aswithin exudates group. Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Acinetobacter spp., were the predominant bacteria revealed from thefluid cultures. Values of glucose, protein, LDH and leukocyte count have a different pattern between transudates and exudates groups.However, no special patterns were found among diseases within groups.
TAMPANG JENUH TRANSFERIN PENDONOR DARAH ANEMIA
Authors: Roosarjani Christina , Wahyuono Titis , Suparyatmo J B
Published: October 2018

Iron deficiency remains one of the most frequent adverse effects of blood donation. Iron status test used on blood donor screeningis haemoglobin concentration. Other iron status parameters are transferrin saturation. The study aims to determine the profile oftransferrin saturation among certain groups of blood donors at the Blood Transfusion Unit of the Indonesian Red Cross SurakartaBranch. The samples were drawn from blood donors at the Blood Transfusion Unit from June to December 2005. A total of 148 specimenswere classified into 3 groups consist of 49 first time blood donations as group I, 50 of fifth time blood donations as group II, and 49of tenth time blood donations as group III. Transferrin saturation was measured by ratio between serum iron and Total Iron BindingCapacity (TIBC). The data analysed by Anova test to distinguish the difference of transferrin saturation among three groups. The resultsshowed the transferrin saturation decreased from group I to group II and from group II to group III. The transferrin saturation amongthree groups showed significantly difference (p=0.000). It can be concluded that there is a decrease in transferrin saturation accordingto the blood donation frequency among blood donors at the Blood Transfusion Unit of the Indonesian Red Cross Surakarta Branch.Transferrin saturation measurement is needed for another parameter of iron deficiency anaemia among blood donors.
HUBUNGAN DERAJAT PERLEMAKAN HATI NON-ALKOHOLIK DENGAN AKTIVITAS AMINOTRANSFERASE SERUM
Authors: Yustiani Nyoman Trisna , . Mutmainnah , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Fatty liver could be related to alcoholic or non-alcoholic. Mild to moderate elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities are the most laboratories test ordered in patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver. This studyhas purposed to know the relation of degree non-alcoholic fatty liver's with aminotransferase serum activity. A cross-sectional studywas done in 38 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver aged 30 to 60 years at Clinical Pathology Laboratory Installation and RadiologyDepartment Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar from March to July, 2008. Patient made to criteria done some laboratorytest for AST and ALT examination. Data was analyzed using T-Test in SPSS for windows version 11,5. In this study we found that therewere a significant difference between non-alcoholic fatty liver degree with AST and ALT activity in cutt off 18 (p < 0,05). From this studywe could conclude that the activity of AST and ALT serum can be used to predict probability of non-alcoholic fatty liver.
KONFIRMASI FLU BABI A/H1N1 MENGGUNAKAN PCR
Authors: Wiradewi Lestari A.A. , Putri Wirawati I.A. , Gde Oka Tjok
Published: October 2018

Swine Influenza (2009 H1N1) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in the United Statespeople, April 2009. This virus probably spread the same way worldwide from person-to-person much as the regular spreading of commonseasonal influenza viruses. A 13 years old male entered the hospital with fever, cough and sore throat. Before he was hospitalized, hehad travelled to Batam for four (4) days. A PCR test from throat and nasal swabs were taken, and found positive for influenza A andswine H1 (as confirmed case for swine influenza A/H1N1). After taking oseltamivir for 5 days and the second PCR test negative, thepatient is released from the hospital.
HIPERURISEMIA SEBAGAI FAKTOR RAMALAN PERJALANAN PENYAKIT (PROGNOSIS) GEJALA KLINIK STROK INFARK
Authors: . Fenty , Mulyono Harjo , Muchayat Siti
Published: October 2018

Infarction stroke is a leading cause mortality and disability in the world. Appropriate management of acute infarction stroke will be able to reduced morbidity and mortality of the disease. Many laboratory parameters which can be done for detecting risk of prognosticfactors, one of them is serum uric acid concentration. The aim of this study is to know if hyperuricemia is prognostic factor for clinicaloutcome in acute infarction stroke.A prospective cohort study was carried out, compare between two groups of exposed and non-exposedgroup. Subjects who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria was involved in the study. The exposed group was a group of acute infarctionstroke patients who exposed to hyperuricemia, in other hand, patient who do not have hyperuricemia was separated as the non-exposedgroup. Inception cohort was applied when patient admits to emergency unit during 48 hours of onset, age â‰¥ 40 years old, man orwoman, have signed informed consent are inclusion criteria. Gadjah Mada Stroke Scale and serum uric acid concentration was measured on admission. Patient with haemorhage stroke and who are taking medicine that cause decrease uric acid are excluded. Test of serum uric acid concentration was performed by using Vitros 250, dry chemistry system. Patients were followed up 7 days in Neurology Unitand the outcome were measured by evaluating a score of Gadjah Mada Stroke Scale. Prognostic factor hyperuricemia has RR= 2.159(95% CI: 0.684-6.816), p= 0.158 for outcome. Hyperuricemia is not be evident as prognostic factor in acute infarction stroke.