bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The yeast genome is globally accessible in living cells
Authors: Prajapati Hemant K. , Eriksson Peter R. , Elizalde Paul A. , Coey Christopher T. , Xu Zhuwei , Clark David J.
Published: November 2024

Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into chromatin, which is composed of condensed filaments of regularly spaced nucleosomes, resembling beads on a string. The nucleosome contains ~147 bp of DNA wrapped almost twice around a central core histone octamer. The packaging of DNA into chromatin represents a challenge to transcription factors and other proteins requiring access to their binding sites. Consequently, control of DNA accessibility is thought to play a key role in gene regulation. Here we measure DNA accessibility genome wide in living budding yeast cells by inducible expression of DNA methyltransferases. We find that the genome is globally accessible in living cells, unlike in isolated nuclei, where DNA accessibility is severely restricted. Gene bodies are methylated at only slightly slower rates than promoters, indicating that yeast chromatin is highly dynamic in vivo. In contrast, silenced loci and centromeres are strongly protected. Global shifts in nucleosome positions occur in cells as they are depleted of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers, suggesting that nucleosome dynamics result from competition among these enzymes. We conclude that chromatin is in a state of continuous flux in living cells, but static in nuclei, suggesting that DNA packaging in yeast is not generally repressive.
Intrusion detection in software defined network using deep learning approaches
Authors: Ataa M. Sami , Sanad Eman E. , El-khoribi Reda A.
Published: November 2024

Ensuring robust network security is crucial in the context of Software-Defined Networking(SDN). Which, becomes a multi-billion dollar industry, and it’s deployed in many data centers nowadays. The new technology provides network programmability, network centralized control, and a global view of the network. But, unfortunately, it comes with new vulnerabilities, and new attack vectors compared to the traditional network. SDN network cybersecurity became a trending research topic due to the hype of Machine Learning (ML) when a group of Machine Learning(ML) techniques called Deep Learning(DL) started to take shape in the setting of SDN networks. This paper focuses on developing advanced Deep Learning(DL) models to address the inherent new attack vectors. In this paper, we have built and compared two models that can be used for building a complete Intrusion Detection System(IDS) solution, one using a hybrid CNN-LSTM architecture and the other using Transformer encoder-only architecture. We specifically target the SDN controller where it represents a crucial point. We utilized the InSDN dataset for training and testing our models, this dataset captures real-world traffic within the SDN environment. For evaluation, we have used accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score. Our experiment results show that the Transformer model with 48 features achieves the highest accuracy at 99.02%, while the CNN-LSTM model achieves 99.01%. We have reduced the features to 6 and 4, which gave us varying impacts on the models’ performance. We have merged 4 poorly represented attacks in one class, which enhanced the accuracy by a significant score. Additionally, we investigate binary classification by merging all attack types into a single class, as a result, the accuracy increased for both models. The CNN-LSTM model achieves the best results with an accuracy of 99.19% for 6 feature sets, this enhances the state-of-the-art results.
Panax ginseng nanoemulsion for counteracting male infertility via modulating sex hormones and oxidative stress in a rat model
Authors: El-Shimi Basma I. , Mohareb Rafat M. , Ahmed Hanaa H. , Abohashem Rehab S. , Mahmoud Khaled F. , Hanna Demiana H.
Published: November 2024

This study end to develop nanoemulsions of Panax ginseng dry extract and to evaluate the potential impact of these nanoemulsions versus free Panax ginseng dry extract and Vit.E in recovering male infertility induced in rats. Nanoemulsions of Panax ginseng dry extract were prepared by oil in water method. The designed samples were characterized by TEM, zeta sizer, FTIR, and TGA. The in vitro study included DPPH assay to estimate the free radical scavenging activity of the suggested treatments. The in vivo study included 100 adult male Wistar rats which were assigned into 10 equal groups; five groups of young rats weighting (150–200 g) and five groups of aged rats weighting (350–400 g). Group I, negative control. Group II, bisphenol-A (BPA). Group III, BPA+ Panax ginseng dry extract nanoemulsion. Group IV, BPA+ free Panax ginseng dry extract. Group V, BPA +Vit.E. After 40 days, serum total testosterone, free testosterone, MDA, 8-OHdG and AGEs were estimated. Besides, the histological investigation of testicular tissue sections was performed. TEM imaging of Panax ginseng dry extract nanoemulsions indicated spherical shape with diameter range from 2 to 50 nm, and the size distribution was in the range from 62 to 123 d.nm. The zeta potential of the designed nanoemulsions was -32.8 to -38.9 mV. FTIR spectra revealed the common active groups in the prepared nanoemulsions. The thermal stability of the nanoemulsions was up to 207 ºC. The in vitro results of DPPH assay showed % inhibition of DPPH free radical for Panax ginseng nanoemulsions samples was 49.38% (for young-treated group Sample A) and 72.28% (for aged-treated group Sample B), while for free Panax ginseng dry extract samples was 30.27% (for young-treated group Sample C) and 56.76% (for aged-treated group Sample D), for Vit.E samples was 32.36% (for young-treated group Sample E) and 36.39% (for aged-treated group Sample F).Thus the nanoemulsions exhibit free radicals scavenging activity more than free Panax ginseng dry extract and Vit.E. The in vivo findings elucidated that Panax ginseng dry extract nanoemulsions and Vit.E successfully revers the progressive insult of BPA on male fertility by significantly enhance total testosterone (2.87±0.318) and free testosterone (1.63±0.033) serum levels, and significantly decrease MDA (2.77±0.018), 8-OHdG (6.76±0.174) and AGEs (92.60±1.701) serum levels. Interestingly, the most promising outcomes were recorded upon the treatment with Panax ginseng dry extract nanoemulsions. In conclusion the developed Panax ginseng dry extract nanoemulsion could be used as a promising strategy in improving potential male infertility defects by rescuing male sex hormones, neutralizing oxidative stress and retrieving the structural organization of the testes.
Bladder image stitching algorithm for navigation and referencing using a standard cystoscope
Authors: Li Ming , Varble Nicole A. , Gurram Sandeep , Long Dilara , Valera Vladimir , Gopal Nikhil , Bakhutashvili Ivane , Reed Sheridan , Pritchard William F. , Karanian John W. , Xu Sheng , Wood Bradford J.
Published: November 2024

To aid in the diagnosis, monitoring, and surveillance of bladder carcinoma, this study aimed to develop and test an algorithm that creates a referenceable bladder map rendered from standard cystoscopy videos without the need for specialized equipment. A vision-based algorithm was developed to generate 2D bladder maps from individual video frames, by sequentially stitching image frames based on matching surface features, and subsequently localize and track frames during reevaluation. The algorithm was developed and calibrated in a 2D model and 3D anthropomorphic bladder phantom. The performance was evaluated in vivo in swine and with retrospective clinical cystoscopy video. Results showed that the algorithm was capable of capturing and stitching intravesical images with different sweeping patterns. Between 93% and 99% of frames had sufficient features for bladder map generation. Upon reevaluation, the cystoscope accurately localized a frame within 4.5 s. In swine, a virtual mucosal surface map was generated that matched the explant anatomy. A surface map could be generated based on archived patient cystoscopy images. This tool could aid recording and referencing pathologic findings and biopsy or treatment locations for subsequent procedures and may have utility in patients with metachronous bladder cancer and in low-resource settings.
A comparison of lower body gait kinematics and kinetics between Theia3D markerless and marker-based models in healthy subjects and clinical patients
Authors: D’Souza Sonia , Siebert Tobias , Fohanno Vincent
Published: November 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) marker-based motion capture is the current gold standard to assess and monitor pathological gait in a clinical setting. However, 3D markerless motion capture based on pose estimation is advancing into the field of gait analysis. This study aims at evaluating the lower-body 3D gait kinematics and kinetics from synchronously recorded Theia3D markerless and CAST marker-based systems. Twelve healthy individuals and 34 clinical patients aged 8–61 years walked at self-selected speed over a 13 m long walkway. Similarity between models was statistically analysed using inter-trial variability, root mean square error, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Statistical Parametric Mapping. Inter-trial variability was on average higher for clinical patients in both models. Overall, the markerless system demonstrated similar gait patterns although hip and knee rotations were non-comparable. Pelvic anterior tilt was significantly underestimated. Significant differences especially in peak values at specific phases of the gait cycle were observed across all planes for all joints (more so for clinical patients than healthy subjects) as well as in the sagittal powers of the hip, knee and ankle. Theia3D markerless system offers great potential in gait analysis. This study brings awareness to potential clinical users and researchers where they can have confidence, as well as areas where caution should be exercised.
Rayleigh wave attenuation and phase velocity maps of the greater Alpine region from ambient noise
Authors: Roisenberg Henrique Berger , Magrini Fabrizio , Molinari Irene , Boschi Lapo , Cammarano Fabio
Published: November 2024

We use seismic ambient noise data from 724 publicly available broadband seismic stations across central Europe to create detailed phase velocity and attenuation maps of Rayleigh waves, focusing on short periods down to 3 s. We interpret these maps in terms of the underlying physical processes relevant to the nature of continental crust. Through a regionalized interpretation based on tectonic settings, we highlight the significant role of fluid-filled fractures in the attenuation of surface waves. Our findings indicate a close connection between the time elapsed since the last tectonic activity in the European crust and the attenuation coefficient values. Additionally, we observe a pronounced decrease in attenuation coefficient values at periods below 6 s. The anti-correlation between attenuation coefficient and phase velocity in recently active tectonic regions suggests that fluid-filled fractures are likely the dominant factor governing seismic attenuation in the European crust.
Household-specific barriers to citizen-led flood risk adaptation
Authors: Howard Ben C. , Awuni Cynthia A. , Agyei-Mensah Samuel , Bryant Lee D. , Collins Alexandra M. , Yidana Sandow Mark , Yiran Gerald A. B. , Buytaert Wouter
Published: November 2024

Adaptation is essential to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as increasing flood risk. In response to widespread maladaptation, citizen-led approaches are increasingly championed, whereby people on the frontline of climate change determine their own objectives and strategies of adaptation. Enabling equitable and effective citizen-led adaptation requires an understanding of the barriers for different groups of people but this is currently lacking, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Using responses to a co-produced household survey (n = 286) in Tamale, Ghana, we show that barriers to citizen-led adaptation interventions (n = 11) differ between households which we relate to important components of adaptive capacity. Overall, awareness, education, and networks are the most important barriers, but resources and time are important for poor households of fewer members. Barriers also differ between interventions and overall structural interventions are preferred over behavioural. This work can inform policies and actions to support effective and equitable citizen-led adaptation.
Dynamic conformational equilibria in the active states of KRAS and NRAS
Authors: Rennella Enrico , Henry Chrystèle , Dickson Callum J. , Georgescauld Florian , Wales Thomas E. , Erdmann Dirk , Cotesta Simona , Maira Michel , Sedrani Richard , Brachmann Saskia M. , Ostermann Nils , Engen John R. , Kay Lewis E. , Beyer Kim S. , Wilcken Rainer , Jahnke Wolfgang
Published: November 2024

The conformational dynamics of a variety of KRAS and NRAS mutants were characterized by NMR, molecular dynamics, and HDX-MS.
Correction: Theoretical study on the mechanisms of formation of primal carbon clusters and nanoparticles in space
Authors: Kalchevski Dobromir A. , Trifonov Dimitar V. , Kolev Stefan K. , Popov Valentin N. , Aleksandrov Hristiyan A. , Milenov Teodor I.
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Theoretical study on the mechanisms of formation of primal carbon clusters and nanoparticles in space’ by Dobromir A. Kalchevski et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cp02865a.
Fine-tuning the hierarchical morphology of multi-component organic photovoltaics via a dual-additive strategy for 20.5% efficiency
Authors: Guan Shitao , Li Yaokai , Bi ZhaoZhao , Lin Yi , Fu Yuang , Wang Kangwei , Wang Mengting , Ma Wei , Xia Jianlong , Ma Zaifei , Tang Zheng , Lu Xinhui , Zuo Lijian , Li Hanying , Chen Hongzheng
Published: November 2024

The dual-additive strategy forms balanced crystallization and phase separation, with a record efficiency of 20.52% (certified 19.92%) achieved.
Dissolution swelling effect-assisted interfacial morphology refinement enables high efficiency all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Zhang Weichao , Yue Yaochang , Han Fei , Zhang Hong , Wang Yongqing , Yue Shengli , Song Bohao , Zhao Guanghan , Qu Chao , Yang Rongshen , Zeng Rui , Li Shilin , Li Chuanyun , Zhou Jin , Lu Guanghao , Shi Wanfei , Zhang Xuning , Liu Feng , Zhang Ming , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Yuan
Published: November 2024

Small molecule incorporation during sequential deposition improved donor crystallization and intercalation, optimizing the heterojunction morphology. The PCEs achieved 19.39% for small-area (0.04 cm2) and 17.71% for large-area (1 cm2) devices.
Low molecular weight organic acids stabilise siderite against oxidation and influence the composition of iron (oxyhydr)oxide oxidation products
Authors: Rothwell Katherine A. , ThomasArrigo Laurel K. , Kaegi Ralf , Kretzschmar Ruben
Published: November 2024

Siderite is stabilised against oxidation in the presence of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids (LMWOAs) with implications for iron mineral transformations and therefore contaminant and nutrient cycling.
Impacts of Arctic oil field NOx emissions on downwind bromine chemistry: insights from 5 years of MAX-DOAS observations
Authors: Peterson Peter K. , Pratt Kerri A. , Shepson Paul B. , Simpson William R.
Published: November 2024

Anthropogenic NOx emissions have observable impacts on naturally occurring chemical processes in remote areas hundreds of kilometers downwind.
Mulberry (Fructus mori) extract alleviates hyperuricemia by regulating urate transporters and modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Fang Beicheng , Lu Lu , Zhao Minjie , Luo Xiaohu , Jia Fuhuai , Feng Fengqin , Wang Jing
Published: November 2024

Mulberry (Fructus mori) is a traditional Chinese fruit that has beneficial effects due to its numerous biological activities.
Doping functional ions in phase-stabilizing core–shell biphasic granules readily tunes bone regeneration in situ
Authors: Xu Yan , Shen Jian , Dong Lingling , Jiao Xiaoyi , Zhang Lei , Yang Jiaqi , Xu Shanxiang , Yang Xianyan , Zhong Huiming , Yang Guoli , Gou Zhongru
Published: November 2024

Phase-stabilized, core–shell bioceramic granules with selective regional ion doping were fabricated by tailoring their core-to-shell thickness ratios. This design can tune functional ion release and thus remarkably promote bone repair.
Field emission performance of graphene-incorporated aluminum-based metal matrix composite
Authors: Pradhan Sunil Kumar , K. Pandiyarajan , Patil Shubham , Chavan Padmakar G. , Monteiro Lobato Raphael Longuinhos , Ribeiro-Soares Jenaina , Late Dattatray J.
Published: November 2024

The aluminum-incorporated graphene was used for the enhanced field emission performance.
Polyurea-catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 and epichlorohydrin: a green approach
Authors: Qaroush Abdussalam K. , Hammad Suhad B. , Eftaiha Ala’a F. , Assaf Khaleel I. , Al-Qaisi Feda’a M. , Jessop Philip G.
Published: November 2024

We have reported the synthesis of polyurea (PU), which was used as a catalyst for the cycloaddition of epichlorohydrin with CO2.
Fabrication of a symmetric supercapacitor device using MnO2/cellulose nanocrystals/graphite electrodes via sputtering for energy storage
Authors: Choudhary Nitesh , Tomar Akshay , Singh Shiva , Chandra Ramesh , Maji Pradip K.
Published: November 2024

This work focuses on MnO2/CNCs/graphite hybrid electrodes with high capacitance and excellent cyclic retention for energy storage. MnO2 was deposited via RF magnetron sputtering to prepare the robust device.
Sustainable and energy-saving hydrogen production via binder-free and in situ electrodeposited Ni–Mn–S nanowires on Ni–Cu 3-D substrates
Authors: Barati Darband Ghasem , Iravani Danial , Zhang Meiling , Maleki Meysam , Huang Shanrui , Khoshfetrat Seyyed Mehdi , Andaveh Reza , Li Jinyang
Published: November 2024

A bi-functional electrocatalyst based on Ni–Mn–S nanowires@Ni–Cu micro–nano dendrites was designed for the HER and UOR, which demonstrated favorable catalytic activity and stability for energy-saving hydrogen production.
A bionic palladium metal–organic framework based on a fluorescence sensing enhancement mechanism for sensitive detection of phorate
Authors: Li Mengyao , Wang Zhijie , Tang Hongyu , Yang Jingru , Luo Xianwei , Tian Youjia , Yang Mingxin , Jiang Jinhong , Wang Meng , Zheng Lingna , Ma Chenyan , Xing Gengmei , Wang Hongbin , Li Juan
Published: November 2024

Palladium-based MOF fluorescent nanoprobes achieve fluorescence enhancement through a mechanism similar to the bioluminescence of Chrysaora pacifica. The linear detection range is from 100 ppb to 0.01 ppb, the detection limit is as low as 0.0017 ppb.
Deciphering the emission dynamics of colloidal PbS quantum dots: a spectroscopic exploration under diverse environmental and experimental conditions
Authors: Greben Michael , Vorontsov Dmytro , Dědic Roman , Khoroshyy Petro , Ludvíková Lucie , Valenta Jan
Published: November 2024

This study employs a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including absorption, transient absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL kinetics, to elucidate the dynamics of excited states of colloidal PbS quantum dots in toluene.
Photo-rechargeable zinc ion capacitors using MoS2/NaTaO3/CF dual-acting electrodes prepared by photodeposition method
Authors: Mozafari Aliakbar , Momeni Mohamad Mohsen , Naderi Ali , Lee Byeong-Kyu
Published: November 2024

The MoS2/NaTaO3-based photo-rechargeable zinc-ion capacitor demonstrates a 2.76-fold increase in capacitance under light irradiation, achieving a photocharge voltage of 860 mV and maintaining 96% capacity after 4000 charge–discharge cycles.
Manipulation of trions to enhance the excitonic emission in monolayer p-MoS2 and its hetero-bilayer by reverse charge injection
Authors: Lone Rashed H. , Gaonkar Shreya , Kumar B. Manoj , Kannan E. S.
Published: November 2024

Photoluminescence enhancement in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is achieved through interface engineering with conductive substrates and the formation of heterobilayers.
Nitrogen-doped nanocarbon as a metal-free catalyst for CO2 hydroboration
Authors: Du Tao , Zhang Peng , Wang Guofeng , Jiao Zhen , Zhou Jiancheng , Ding Yuxiao
Published: November 2024

The unprecedented catalytic performance of a metal-free N-doped nanocarbon catalyst in CO2 hydroboration is reported with the catalytic mechanism uncovered.
Hydrogels constructed by multicomponent reactions
Authors: Pan Siyu , Zhu Chongyu , Tao Lei
Published: November 2024

Recent studies using multicomponent reactions to construct hydrogels have been reviewed.
Oxygen activation and transfer for catalytic wet-air oxidation of wastewater: a short review
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Zhang Nuowei , Shi Jianzai , Lu Hongliang , Fan Jianqiang , Li Maoyi , Deng Qixin , Fang Zhengzhong , Chen Binghui , Zheng Quanxing , Ye Songshou
Published: November 2024

The effect of oxygen activation and transfer on performance for CWAO technology is reviewed. The electronic structure determines oxygen activation and transfer, and catalytic performance.
Enhancing the capacity of Mn-rich cathodes by kinetics control for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Jue , Gao Weiping , Wen Qiling , Zhuang Zhipeng , Zhu Liangkui
Published: November 2024

Structural optimization to enhance the capacity of and accelerate the kinetics on a Mn-rich cathode material.
A comprehensive review on MoSe2 nanostructures with an overview of machine learning techniques for supercapacitor applications
Authors: B Robertson , R Sapna , Hegde Vinod , K Hareesh
Published: November 2024

In the past few decades, supercapacitors (SCs) have emerged as good and reliable energy storage devices due to their impressive power density, better charge–discharge rates, and high cycling stability.
Unlocking the effect of film thickness on the thermoelectric properties of thermally evaporated Cu2−xSe thin films
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Butt Sajid , Sumayya  , Akram Muhammad Waseem , Saadullah Muhammad , Basit Muhammad Abdul , Ahmad Jahanzeb , Yasir Muhammad , Ozair Huma
Published: November 2024

The bulk-like thermoelectric efficiency (ZT ≈ 1.2) in Cu2−xSe thin films is aided by a simultaneous increase in the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient as the film thickness increases.
Breaking the blue barrier of nucleobase fluorescence emission with dicyanovinyl-based uracil molecular rotor probes
Authors: Chowdhury Mria , John Akym , Hudson Robert H. E.
Published: November 2024

Dicyanovinyl-modified uracil produces fluorescent molecular rotors (FMR) that display massively red-shifted emission and huge Stokes shifts.
Magnetoresistance effect of nitrogen doped graphdiyne
Authors: Kang Huifang , Zhong Yi , Gao Peiyan , Liang Xiong , Qiu Huiye , Zheng Yongping
Published: November 2024

This investigation elucidates the influence of nitrogen doping (N-doping) on the magnetoresistance (MR) characteristics of graphdiyne (GDY) by methodically adjusting the levels of N-doping.
Potential pathways for CO2 utilization in sustainable aviation fuel synthesis
Authors: Ramos-Fernandez Enrique V. , Santos Jose L. , Alsaadi Dina K. , Bavykina Anastasiya , Gallo Jean Marcel R. , Gascon Jorge
Published: November 2024

The development of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) is a must for the decarbonization of the aviation industry.
Reversible formation of tetraphenylpentalene, a room temperature stable antiaromatic hydrocarbon
Authors: Sanderson Hugh J. , Helbig Andreas , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Helten Holger , Hintermair Ulrich
Published: November 2024

A rare example of a small, easily synthesisable hydrocarbon which can reversibly switch between aromatic and anti-aromatic states without any skeletal or conformational changes is reported.
Buckled-layer K1.39Mn3O6: a novel cathode for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Ang , Wang Ziqi , Xu Yunhua
Published: November 2024

A buckled-layer K1.39Mn3O6 cathode, featuring P2-oxygen stacking and P3-K sites, was synthesized for potassium-ion batteries and achieved excellent electrochemical performance.
Mechanism of ultrafast flavin photoreduction in the active site of flavoenzyme LSD1 histone demethylase
Authors: Zhuang Bo , Ramodiharilafy Rivo , Aleksandrov Alexey , Liebl Ursula , Vos Marten H.
Published: November 2024

The disposition of aromatic residues with respect to the flavin cofactor, rather than only their distance, governs the photoreduction kinetics of oxidized flavin in the LSD1 enzyme, which may be relevant for design of photocatalytic flavoenzymes.
Synthetic anion channels: achieving precise mimicry of the ion permeation pathway of CFTR in an artificial system
Authors: Mao Linlin , Hou Shuaimin , Shi Linlin , Guo Jingjing , Zhu Bo , Sun Yonghui , Chang Junbiao , Xin Pengyang
Published: November 2024

The distribution pattern of positively charged amino acid residues within the ion permeation pathway of CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) has been replicated in an artificial system.
Mechanically induced polyamorphism in a one-dimensional coordination polymer
Authors: Nishiguchi Taichi , Ohara Yuki , Kadota Kentaro , Zheng Xin , Noro Shin-ichiro , Horike Satoshi
Published: November 2024

We fabricated different glass structures of a one-dimensional coordination polymer with/without the application of mechanical forces during the melt-quenching process. Under the shear, the glass has an oriented, anisotropic structure.
Partial thermal atomization of residual Ni NPs in single-walled carbon nanotubes for efficient CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Fengwei , Zhang Han , Zhao Yang , Li Jingjing , Guan Chong , Li Jijie , Wang Xuran , Mu Yuewen , Zan Wen-Yan , Zhu Sheng
Published: November 2024

A novel f-SWNTs-650 catalyst co-containing atomically dispersed NiN4 sites and metallic Ni NPs in single-walled carbon nanotube matrices is prepared via a facile partial thermal atomization strategy for efficient CO2 electroreduction reaction.
Radical pathways for 2,4-chromandione synthesis via photoexcitation of 4-hydroxycoumarins
Authors: Mallik Sumitava , Sfreddo Enrico , Wang Hailong , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: November 2024

A photochemical method for synthesizing 3,3-disubstituted 2,4-chromandiones is disclosed. Deprotonated 4-hydroxycoumarins, upon purple-light excitation, act as SET reductants, generating radicals to incorporate alkyl or perfluoroalkyl groups into chromanone scaffolds.
Synergistic influence of multivalent Ruδ+ on a CeOx nanocatalyst for self-powered efficient electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Mondal Papri , Baitalik Sujoy
Published: November 2024

A Ruδ+-fabricated CeOx based multicomponent electrocatalyst with engineered surface-electronic states acts as an efficient trifunctional ORR, OER, and HER catalyst towards zinc–air battery powered overall water splitting.
Tetrazole functionalization: a new strategy toward stable alkaline ion-solvating polymer electrolytes
Authors: Serhiichuk Dmytro , Rajappan Sinu C. , Krishnan Yogeshwaran , Xia Yifan , Kraglund Mikkel Rykær , Hansen Heine Anton , Jensen Jens Oluf , Aili David
Published: November 2024

Tetrazole functionalization is described as a new strategy toward synthesis of stable and high-performing quaternary ammonium-free alkaline ion-solvating membranes for alkaline water electrolysis.
Direct utilization of light energy to promote the power density of zinc–air batteries using Co3O4@CuxO air photocathodes with porous octahedral superstructures
Authors: Zhong Yuhao , Xie Jing , Xu Ruitong , Feng Xiaobo , Zhu Ting
Published: November 2024

Bifunctional Co3O4@CuxO air photocathodes with octahedral structures were prepared to promote the power density of zinc–air batteries (ZABs), enabling practical applications for lighting up LED bulbs.
Efficient strategies for designing photoanodes toward selective photoelectrochemical glycerol upgrading: a review
Authors: Ma Guoquan , Jiang Na , Song Dandan , Qiao Bo , Xu Zheng , Zhao Suling , Liang Zhiqin
Published: November 2024

This review systematically summarizes the strategies for designing photoanodes to improve the selectivity and activity of photoelectrochemical glycerol oxidation.
A magnetorheological fluid based infinitely-regulatable triboelectric tactile sensor
Authors: Chong Xin , Gao Zhenqiu , Jiang Zifan , Wang Ao , Shi Jia , Shen Lanyue , Wen Zhen , Sun Xuhui
Published: November 2024

An adaptive triboelectric pressure sensor offers highly adjustable sensing performance by introducing a magnetorheological fluid. Through the reversible phase transition, it can quickly switch between liquid–solid and solid–solid modes.
Probing sodium structures and dynamics in hard carbon for Na-ion batteries using 23Na operando solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Gabrijelčič Matej , Tratnik Blaž , Kapun Gregor , Tchernychova Elena , Zabukovec Logar Nataša , Krajnc Andraž , Dominko Robert , Vizintin Alen
Published: November 2024

In this study, we aim to (i) provide an in-depth analysis of the formation and composition of the SEI, (ii) understand and differentiate the sodium storage processes, and (iii) distinguish between Na metal plating and dendrite growth.
Magnetic field control in the growth process of Co3O4 and its performance enhancement mechanism as an anode material for lithium ion capacitors
Authors: Lv Fusen , Chen Rui , Yang Xiao , Liu Jiaqi , Liu Tie , Wang Kai , Liu Xiaoming , Li Hao , Fang Leiming , Wang Qiang , Yuan Shuang
Published: November 2024

A schematic diagram illustrating the charge storage mechanism, emphasizing rapid faradaic reactions and their pivotal role in energy storage efficiency.
The intersection of field-limited density of states and matter: nanophotonic control of fluorescence energy transfer
Authors: Jones Haley W. , Bandera Yuriy , Foulger Stephen H.
Published: November 2024

Nanophotonic control over Förster resonance energy transfer pathways and efficiency in a crystalline colloidal array with three copolymerized emitters was demonstrated through strategic placement of the rejection wavelength (λrw).
Structural frustration effects by mixed alkali ions in ferroelectric Dion–Jacobson layered perovskites (Cs,Rb)NdNb2O7
Authors: Lu Zhen-Tao , Asaki Sota , Yoshida Suguru , Moriyoshi Chikako , Hasegawa George , Fujita Koji , Gopalan Venkatraman , Hayashi Katsuro , Akamatsu Hirofumi
Published: November 2024

Dion–Jacobson phases CsNdNb2O7 and RbNdNb2O7 adopt two types of polar structures with different octahedral tilts. In their solid solutions, the competition between the two phases causes structural frustration effects on ferroelectric transitions.
A Trust Based Anomaly Detection Scheme Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Model for IoT Routing Attacks Mitigation
Authors: Ahmadi Khatereh , Javidan Reza
Published: November 2024

Internet of Things (IoT), as a remarkable paradigm, establishes a wide range of applications in various industries like healthcare, smart homes, smart cities, agriculture, transportation, and military domains. This widespread technology provides a general platform for heterogeneous objects to connect, exchange, and process gathered information. Beside significant efficiency and productivity impacts of IoT technology, security and privacy concerns have emerged more than ever. The routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) which is standardized for IoT environment, suffers from the basic security considerations, which makes it vulnerable to many well‐known attacks. Several security solutions have been proposed to address routing attacks detection in RPL–based IoT, most of which are based on machine learning techniques, intrusion detection systems and trust‐based approaches. Securing RPL–based IoT networks is challenging because resource constraint IoT devices are connected to untrusted Internet, the communication links are lossy and the devices use a set of novel and heterogenous technologies. Therefore, providing light‐weight security mechanisms play a vital role in timely detection and prevention of IoT routing attacks. In this paper, we proposed a novel anomaly detection–based trust management model using the concepts of sequence prediction and deep learning. We have formulated the problem of routing behavior anomaly detection as a time series forecasting method, which is solved based on a stacked long–short term memory (LSTM) sequence to sequence autoencoder; that is, a hybrid training model of recurrent neural networks and autoencoders. The proposed model is then utilized to provide a detection mechanism to address four prevalent and destructive RPL attacks including: black‐hole attack, destination‐oriented directed acyclic graph (DODAG) information solicitation (DIS) flooding attack, version number (VN) attack, and decreased rank (DR) attack. In order to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed model in timely detection of RPL–specific routing attacks, we have implemented the proposed model on several RPL–based IoT scenarios simulated using Contiki Cooja simulator separately, and the results have been compared in details. According to the presented results, the implemented detection scheme on all attack scenarios, demonstrated that the trend of estimated anomaly between real and predicted routing behavior is similar to the evaluated attack frequency of malicious nodes during the RPL process and in contrast, analyzed trust scores represent an opposite pattern, which shows high accurate and timely detection of attack incidences using our proposed trust scheme.
Enhanced blur‐robust monocular depth estimation via self‐supervised learning
Authors: Sung Chi‐Hun , Kim Seong‐Yeol , Shin Ho‐Ju , Lee Se‐Ho , Kim Seung‐Wook
Published: November 2024

This letter presents a novel self‐supervised learning strategy to improve the robustness of a monocular depth estimation (MDE) network against motion blur. Motion blur, a common problem in real‐world applications like autonomous driving and scene reconstruction, often hinders accurate depth perception. Conventional MDE methods are effective under controlled conditions but struggle to generalise their performance to blurred images. To address this problem, we generate blur‐synthesised data to train a robust MDE model without the need for preprocessing, such as deblurring. By incorporating self‐distillation techniques and using blur‐synthesised data, the depth estimation accuracy for blurred images is significantly enhanced without additional computational or memory overhead. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, enhancing existing MDE models to accurately estimate depth information across various blur conditions.
PitRSDNet: Predicting intra‐operative remaining surgery duration in endoscopic pituitary surgery
Authors: Wijekoon Anjana , Das Adrito , Herrera Roxana R. , Khan Danyal Z. , Hanrahan John , Carter Eleanor , Luoma Valpuri , Stoyanov Danail , Marcus Hani J. , Bano Sophia
Published: November 2024

Accurate intra‐operative Remaining Surgery Duration (RSD) predictions allow for anaesthetists to more accurately decide when to administer anaesthetic agents and drugs, as well as to notify hospital staff to send in the next patient. Therefore, RSD plays an important role in improved patient care and minimising surgical theatre costs via efficient scheduling. In endoscopic pituitary surgery, it is uniquely challenging due to variable workflow sequences with a selection of optional steps contributing to high variability in surgery duration. This article presents PitRSDNet for predicting RSD during pituitary surgery, a spatio‐temporal neural network model that learns from historical data focusing on workflow sequences. PitRSDNet integrates workflow knowledge into RSD prediction in two forms: (1) multi‐task learning for concurrently predicting step and RSD; and (2) incorporating prior steps as context in temporal learning and inference. PitRSDNet is trained and evaluated on a new endoscopic pituitary surgery dataset with 88 videos to show competitive performance improvements over previous statistical and machine learning methods. The findings also highlight how PitRSDNet improves RSD precision on outlier cases utilising the knowledge of prior steps.
Ground moving target indication of polarimetric interferometric synthetic aperture radar using joint scattering vector
Authors: Xu Jing , Cheng Long , Yu Chunhui , Zhang Shiwei
Published: November 2024

Ground moving target indication (GMTI) plays a critical role in both civilian applications and military applications. The accuracy of complex images coregistration is a major factor for multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) GMTI. Moreover, polarimetric interferometric SAR (PolInSAR) represents a growing strength in multi‐function radar systems. In response to this, we propose a new SAR‐GMTI approach tailored for the PolInSAR system. To address the deterioration in clutter suppression performance caused by the coregistration errors, we construct a joint scattering vector (JSV) for polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) by incorporating the neighbouring vectors of the central pixel. Subsequently, the covariance matrix of JSV is estimated and subjected to eigen‐decomposed. Clutter suppression of the PolInSAR system for GMTI is performed using eigen‐subspace projection, where the JSV is projected onto noise subspace. This method is robust against coregistration errors since all ground moving target information is encapsulated within the JSV. Furthermore, the improvement factors with different clutter backgrounds (by changing the signal‐to‐clutter‐plus‐noise‐ratio, SCNR) are analysed. The effectiveness of the proposed JSV‐based method is validated using simulated PolInSAR data.
DDANet: A deep dilated attention network for intracerebral haemorrhage segmentation
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Zeng Yu , Li Hao , Wang Fuxin , Chang Jianjun , Guo Huaping , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2024

Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is an urgent and potentially fatal medical condition caused by brain blood vessel rupture, leading to blood accumulation in the brain tissue. Due to the pressure and damage it causes to brain tissue, ICH results in severe neurological impairment or even death. Recently, deep neural networks have been widely applied to enhance the speed and precision of ICH detection yet they are still challenged by small or subtle hemorrhages. The authors introduce DDANet, a novel haematoma segmentation model for brain CT images. Specifically, a dilated convolution pooling block is introduced in the intermediate layers of the encoder to enhance feature extraction capabilities of middle layers. Additionally, the authors incorporate a self‐attention mechanism to capture global semantic information of high‐level features to guide the extraction and processing of low‐level features, thereby enhancing the model's understanding of the overall structure while maintaining details. DDANet also integrates residual networks, channel attention, and spatial attention mechanisms for joint optimisation, effectively mitigating the severe class imbalance problem and aiding the training process. Experiments show that DDANet outperforms current methods, achieving the Dice coefficient, Jaccard index, sensitivity, accuracy, and a specificity of 0.712, 0.601, 0.73, 0.997, and 0.998, respectively. The code is available at https://github.com/hpguo1982/DDANet.
Star formation in neutral hydrogen gas reservoirs at cosmic noon
Authors: Dharmender  , Joshi Ravi , Fumagalli Michele , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Chand Hum , Ho Luis C.
Published: November 2024

We aim to constrain the average star formation associated with neutral hydrogen gas reservoirs at cosmic noon. We used a unprecedented sample of 1716 high-column-density, damped Ly-α absorbers (DLAs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with log(N(H I)/cm−2) ≥ 21. This allowed us to generate the average Ly-α emission spectrum associated to DLAs, free from any emission coming from the background quasar. We measured the Lyα emission at > 5.8σ level with a luminosity of 8.95 ± 1.54 × 1040 erg s−1 (corresponding to about 0.02 L⋆ at z ∼ 2 − 3) in systems with average log(N(H I) /cm−2) of ≈21.2 and at a median redshift of z ∼ 2.64. The peak of the Lyα emission is apparently redshifted by ∼300 km s−1 relative to the absorption redshift, which appears to be due to suppression of blue Ly-α photons by radiative transfer through expanding gas. We infer that DLAs form stars with an average rate of (0.08 ± 0.01)/fescM⊙ yr−1; namely, ≈ (0.54 ± 0.09) M⊙ yr−1 for a typical escape fraction (fesc = 0.15) of Lyman-α emitting galaxies. DLA galaxies follow the main sequence of star-forming galaxies at high redshift, suggesting that the DLA population is dominated by the lower mass end of Lyman-α emitting galaxies.
Study, qualitative-quantitative analysis, and sizing of the environmental impact of the photovoltaic panel recycling process
Authors: Yovera Cortez Marco Elias Antonio , Paragua-Macuri Carlos Alberto , Paragua Morales Melecio
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the efficiency and environmental impact of photovoltaic panel recycling processes through qualitative and quantitative analyses, focusing on three case studies in Peru. The research addresses the pressing problem of solar panel waste management at the end of their useful life; this aspect is of particular importance due to the current boom in renewable energies. The first case study concerns a group of 5 rural houses in Puno consuming 10 kWh/day. The second case examines the rooftop PV system of the Institute of Mining Engineering of Peru, with a capacity of 20 kW. The third case explores the Rubi solar power plant in Moquegua, with a capacity of 179.5 MW. The qualitative analysis details the sub-processes involved in solar panel recycling, while the quantitative analysis evaluates the energy payback time (EPBT) for each case. In addition, the study evaluates the environmental impact by measuring the total carbon footprint of the recycling processes. The results reveal the ratio in terms of carbon footprint of the panel recycling process to the total lifetime of the panel. This research provides a novel perspective on the use of photovoltaic panels as renewable energy and suggests future avenues for improving recycling technologies and policies.
Generation of higher harmonics during sound propagation in metals and semimetals in the momentum nonlinearity regime
Authors: Gel'perin Yu. M. , Kozub V. I.
Published: November 2024

The generation of higher harmonics is discussed in connection with the propagation of short-wave sound in metals and semimetals when the sound wavelength is much smaller than the electron mean free path and momentum nonlinearity is present, i.e., nonlinearity associated with appreciable distortion of the momentum distribution function for a small-phase-volume group of “resonant” particles interacting effectively with the sound wave. It is shown that, owing to the small dispersion in metals and semimetals, such nonlinearity can induce considerable distortion of the sound waveform at distances of the order of the nonlinear attenuation length. This distortion depends significantly on the external magnetic fields, even in a region of weak magnetic fields.
Width of the ferromagnetic resonance line in single crystal gadolinium
Authors: Anders A. G. , Belozorov D. P. , Spol'nik A. I.
Published: November 2024

The behavior of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in single crystal gadolinium is studied over the temperature range 77–340 °K. The role of various line broadening mechanisms in this temperature interval is studied. It is shown that in imperfect crystals dislocations play a significant role in line broadening, and that dislocation broadening is well described by theory. X-ray structural analysis data are used to find the temperature dependence of the ferromagnetic relaxation constant.
Raman scattering of sound in rotating He II
Authors: Zaitsev R. O. , Pushkina N. I.
Published: November 2024

Induced Raman scattering of ultrasound in rotating superfluid helium is considered. The threshold intensity for geostrophic and Tkachenko waves is calculated. It is shown that at low frequencies (∼104 Hz), the threshold for scattering by a Tkachenko wave is considerably higher than in a geostrophic wave. However, at frequencies of ∼105 Hz, the scattering thresholds are found to be of the same order. Numerical estimates show that over the whole range of frequencies considered, the scattering threshold is an experimentally achievable quantity (W < 10−1W/cm2).
Theory of electrical conductivity in disordered alloys
Authors: Zakharov A. Yu. , Ivanchenko Yu. M.
Published: November 2024

A method of solving the generalized Kadanoff–Baym kinetic equations is suggested. Explicit expressions are obtained for the electrical conductivity of alloys in the kinetic and hydrodynamic regimes. Carrier scattering by short-range impurities of arbitrary concentration, phonons, and lattice distortions, as well as the carrier spectrum renormalization, are taken into account. A novel low-temperature behavior of the electrical conductivity of alloys is predicted.
Cyclotron resonance in an inclined magnetic field for specular reflection of electrons from the surface of the metal
Authors: Aronov I. E. , Kaner É. A.
Published: November 2024

A theoretical study is made of the shape of the cyclotron resonance line in a metal in an inclined magnetic field for specular reflection of the electrons from the metal surface. In the case of “sharp” resonance the line shape coincides with our previous result obtained for diffuse scattering [I. E. Aronov and É. A. Kaner, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 2, 1277-1289 (1976)]. If the resonance is not “sharp” the singular correction to the impedance contains singularities connected with Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance. The shape of the curves for longitudinal and transverse polarizations of the external electromagnetic wave is analyzed.
Anomalous temperature dependence of NMR frequencies of Cr53 in ErCrO3 at low temperatures
Authors: Karnachev A. S. , Klochan V. A. , Kovtun N. M. , Sanina V. A. , Solov’ev E. E. , Troitskii G. A. , Khmara V. M.
Published: November 2024

The NMR frequencies of Cr53 in erbium orthochromite are found to vary in an anomalous manner at low temperatures (2−8 °K). This behavior of the Cr53 NMR frequencies is associated with ordering of the erbium ions. The experimental results are used to obtain the temperature dependence of the relative magnetization of the erbium sublattices.
Effect of Fermi surface form and topology on thermal conductivity of the intermediate state of superconductors
Authors: Bezuglyi E. V.
Published: November 2024

Dimensional thermomagnetic effects in the thermal conductivity of the intermediate state of a type-I superconductor with an arbitrary Fermi surface are studied theoretically. “Giant” oscillations of the thermal conductivity coefficient are found, caused by open electron trajectories. An analogy is established between thermomagnetic effects in the intermediate state and magnetoacoustic resonance phenomena in a normal metal. The effects studied may be used to establish the form and topology of the Fermi surface, and also to measure the laminar structure period of the intermediate stage.
Dynamic scheme for “dirty” systems with electron-hole pairing
Authors: Bezuglyĭ A. I. , Shevchenko S. I.
Published: November 2024

It is shown that the dynamic behavior of “dirty” systems with electron-hole pairing can be described by a complex order parameter Δ(r, t) depending on spatial coordinates and on time. An equation for the order parameter is derived from first principles. The behavior of the system is studied in the low-frequency limit, when the external perturbation frequency is ω≪|Δ|2τ (τ is the electron mean free time between collisions with impurities). The energy dissipation with moving vortex structure is calculated.