bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODEL PENGATURAN PENGUNJUNG PADA KAWASAN WISATA ALAM PEGUNUNGAN DENGAN FUNGSI LINDUNG DAN INTENSITAS WISATA TINGGI DI KAWASAN WISATA KLUSTER GUNUNG PATUHA, KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Kastolani Wanjat , Rahmafitria Fitri
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Patuha Mountain Cluster is a part of South Bandung Region which has beautiful scenery of mountainous forest landscape. The uniqueness and its beauty become the main factors of its popularity as nature based tourism area. But the characteristic of mountainous region make this area stated by the government as preservation area (PP. No.72 th 2010), so the management should has specific program that appropriate for preservation function also for tourism purpose. This research is conducted to develop the visitor management concept of nature based area with preservation function and high visitor intensity. Visitor intensity is the frequent of use and visitor density analysis (Pfluger, Yvone (2004). Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to develop the visitor management model, and also by the spatial analysis to develop the map of preservation area. Visitor intensity was found by using carrying capacity analysis and survey method (questionnaire). The result show that according to spatial and regulation analysis, all of the objects study in Patuha Mountain Cluster are categorized as preservation area. Most of them have medium visitor intensity, and one of it (Kawah Putih forest recreation), which is the most popular one has high visitor intensity. Identification of landscape characteristic and regulation of nature based area are the first step to develop an appropriate model of visitor management. Visitor density and visitor used also become the important factors that influence the environment quality of nature based tourism area. The high visitor intensity could pressure the physical condition of the area so the program of visitor management should implemented structurally. The development of interpretation program and media should be implemented especially to educate visitors to be more care and friendly with the environment. Another visitor management program that could implemented regarding this findings are limiting the accessibility to the main and sensitive attraction, activities decentralization and develop the tourism education program. Keywords : Mountain based tourism, tourism intensity, visitor management
PEMBERDAYAAN PENDUDUK PESANGGEM UNTUK PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DAN PERCEPATAN PEMULIHAN SUMBERDAYA HUTAN MURIA
Authors: Banowati Eva
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah upaya pengentasan kemiskinan dan percepatan pemulihan sumberdaya Hutan Muria di Kabupaten Pati-Jawa Tengah,khususnya bagi penduduk Pesanggem. Populasinya petak Pengelolaan sumberdaya Hutan Berbasis Masyarakat (PHBM), sampel area ditetapkan berdasarkan umur tegakan. Responden penduduk pesanggem, pengurus Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH), dan aparat Perhutani. Data sekunder didapat dari LMDH dan dokumen kebijakan PHBM. Data primer dari observasi, wawancara, pengukuran kondisi fisik, plot model, dan FGD. Analisis data didasarkan pada pendekatan geografi yakni analisis keruangan, tabel silang atas pola tanam terhadap produk pertanian. Demplot percontohan sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan lahan garapan seluas 0,25 hektar per 4 orang, dengan tanaman kencur (Kaempferia galanga) di bawah tegakan jati berumur 14 tahun. Pada pelaksanaannya mampu memberdayakan 12 orang penduduk dengan total luas lahan 1 hektar. Keberhasilan bertani kencur diharapkan mampu sebagai agent of change petasi pesanggem lainnya dalam mengentaskan diri dari kemiskinan. Penghidupan berkelanjutan mampu mengentaskan kemiskinan dengan mengubah pola tanam polikultur menjadi pola tumpang gilir dengan struktur pemanfaatan lahan di bawah tegakan (PLDT). PLTD dengan menanam kacang tanah, kencur dan singkong. Budidaya kencur diusahakan sebagai tanaman lantai yang mampu menahan erosi, memperbaiki struktur tanah, dan tidak berkompetitor terhadap tegakan jati. Singkong dipertahankan penduduk karena mudah pemasaran, biaya modal tanam rendah, dan perawatan yang sangat mudah namun perlu jeda waktu (tidak dilakukan sepanjang tahun). Efek lanjut berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan penghidupan layak dan keberlanjutan sosial skala luas. Membangun pemahaman untuk memilih pola tanam tumpang gilir menyesuaikan musim dan jenis tanaman. Kata kunci: Keberlanjutan penghidupan, Pemberdayaan, PLDT, Pola tanam
Capitulation and Siyasah Syar’iyah Al-Maliyah Impact on Economic Stability of the 18th & 19th Ottoman Turks
Authors: Saharuddin Desmadi , Meirison Meirison , Chusna Inayatul , Mulazid Ade Sofyan
Published: February 2020

Free trade and foreign investment that characterize the 21st Century trade and business model do not benefit all parties, particularly Islamic countries. Only those who have well-established economic system and large capital gain the most benefit. This condition had occurred during the Ottoman Khalifah. Therefore, this article aims to prove that free trade and foreign investment during the Ottoman, in the form of capitulation, brought negative impact on the Ottoman’s economy and politics. Capitulation is an agreement between the Ottoman and Western European countries that regulated economic and legal sectors by giving privilege to the European countries to come and trade in the Ottoman. The Ottoman became a free market place that eliminated the Islamic economic system. The Ottoman saw the agreement as its Siyasah Syar’iyah Al-Maliyah to protect the political sovereignty when facing European countries. Once the agreement benefited the Ottoman, later it caused economic political problems. The domestic industries faced difficulty when competing with foreign trades. The Ottoman government did not have full authority over the law and justice of the Europeans in the Ottoman. The capitulation that was expected by the Ottoman to protect its economy and politics had put the country under the domination of Western Europe. What happened to the Ottoman is proof that the free market is only beneficial to developed countries with active industries. Therefore, this historical fact should be reference for Islamic countries in conducting their foreign economic system.
Holistic-Integrative Eduaction System in an Islamic Kindergarten
Authors: Fauzi Fauzi , Supa'at Supa'at , Novikasari Ifada
Published: February 2020

This research aims at examining the holistic-integrative approach system model appliedto an Islamic Kindergarten in Purwokerto city, Banyumas Regency. This qualitative research employs acase study with observation, interview and documentation as the data collection techniques. The data are then analyzed using two analysis techniques, namely content analysis and comparative analysis, with an interactive cycle. Based on the findings, the education developed through thesystematic approach ranges from the input resourcesstrengthening process, processes and transformation of raw inputs involving process quality elements, setting output targets with clear and measurable characteristics, and orientation to education unit users. The Islamic Kindergarten’s system is formulated in an integrated holistic system format model of early childhood education (sources, environment, process, transformation, output, and user). The model is developed by the researcher out of Kaufman’s model and Smith’s modelfor general system approach model.
Muslim Minority in Yogyakarta: Between Social Relationship and Religious Motivation
Authors: Warsah Idi , Masduki Yusron , Imron Imron , Daheri Mirzon , Morganna Ruly
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between minority Muslim families and those of non-Muslims in Banjarasri, Kalibawang, Kulon Progo Yogyakarta; and to find out the religious diversity motivation of the Muslim families. This study used descriptive qualitative method by applying a phenomenological approach. The data were garnered using observation and interview. This study revealed that the acculturation of arts, cultures, and social community made Muslim families and non-Muslim families live side by side. The religious motivation of Muslim minority for the sake of maintaining their faith rested upon both extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. Extrinsically, it could be seen from the strong influence of the mosque administrators, the power of various religious activities to enhance religious awareness, and the solid cohesiveness of the group to strengthen as well as protect religious motivation. Intrinsically, the religious motivation of Muslims in Banjarsari was basically the effect of self-awareness by reasons of their minor position, so that such motivation yielded strong inner capacity from each Muslim family to revive and get more deeply into Islam.
Proximal Radioulnar Translocation Associated with Posterior Fracture–Dislocation of Elbow in an Adolescent Girl
Authors: Samara Eleftheria , Dayer Romain , Davat Marie , Ruffieux Etienne , Steiger Christina N. , Ceroni Dimitri
Published: February 2020

Case:

A 14-year-old girl sustained a posterior elbow dislocation and presented with a proximal radioulnar translocation (PRUT) and a displaced fracture of the radial head. Reduction of the elbow dislocation and the proximal radioulnar translocation were achieved by external manipulation in the operating room. The radial head was not amenable to closed reduction and remained entrapped in the anteromedial compartment of the elbow. So open reduction and internal stabilization was carried out.

Conclusions:

In PRUT, closed reduction should be attempted. The radial head should be preserved even if it is fully dislocated from metaphysis. Retrograde intramedullary radial nailing provides enough stability of the fracture to promote early mobilization and facilitate union.
Nonbiologic Injections in Sports Medicine
Authors: Bedi Asheesh , Trinh Thai Q. , Olszewski Adam M. , Maerz Tristan , Ramme Austin J.
Published: February 2020

» Nonbiologic medications (local anesthetics, corticosteroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are commonly administered to athletes for analgesia after injury. However, the risks of nonbiologic injections often are overlooked simply because of their long-term market availability.

» A thorough understanding of the mechanism of action, the reported benefits, and the potential risks of nonbiologic medications is crucial prior to their use, especially in the treatment of young athletes.

» Sports medicine physicians and surgeons must be aware of the systemic and local effects of these medications to ensure an appropriate drug choice that minimizes side effects and avoids recently reported toxicity to myocytes, tenocytes, and chondrocytes.
Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan Di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Authors: Emaniar Riski
Published: February 2020

This research is motivated by the number of traffic violation cases carried out by the community in Bangka Belitung. Many traffic violations carried out by children. This study aims to determine the number of traffic violators based on the level of education of the people in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in 2016, thus it can be seen the number of traffic violators at certain levels of education in the Bangka Belitung region. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. This descriptive research is used to describe an event or event and social phenomenon in factual and systematic. This method is used to explain the data contained in the table by using descriptive explanations. The data used is secondary data. The results showed that the highest violations in Pangkalpinang City compared to other districts. Based on the data obtained, the high school level in the city of Pangkalpinang becomes the highest number of traffic violators. Many factors cause violations among students, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors come from within the individual, while external factors are found in the surrounding environment. Need appropriate handling to overcome the occurrence of various traffic violations among students. The method taken can be preventive and repressive.

 

Keywords: BPS, students, minor violations.
BERPIKIR KRITIS : STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING (SCL) DAN RECIPROCAL TEACHING
Authors: Suhariami Yuyun , Hariani Lilik Sri , Firdaus Riril Mardiana
Published: February 2020

This study discusses the Student Centered Learning (SCL) Approach, Reciprocal Teaching Learning Model, and Critical Thinking Ability in Ma'arif 02 Islamic Middle School Malang, This study aims to analyze: (1) The Effect of the Student Centered Learning (SCL) Approach, Model Reciprocal Teaching Learning on Critical Thinking Ability in Grade VIII Students of Ma'arif 02 Islamic Middle School Malang City (2) The Effect of Student Centered Learning (SCL) Approach on Critical Thinking Ability in Students (3) The Effect of Reciprocal Teaching Learning Model on Thinking Ability learners. This research uses a quantitative approach, this type of research is ex post facto. The statistical method of research uses multiple linear regression. The population in this study were students of class VIII 2018/2019 school year, with the use of research sampling techniques that are simple random sampling with a total of 100 students or 30% of the population. Data analysis techniques in this study used the classical assumption test. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive effect on the approach of student centered learning and reciprocal teaching learning models on critical thinking skills. The results of this study concluded that the student centered learning approach and the reciprocal teaching learning model can influence students' thinking skills
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, BIAYA PENDIDIKAN, DAN KELOMPOK REFERENSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI MEMILIH PADA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI
Authors: Supardin Supardin , Indawati Ninik , Walipah Walipah
Published: February 2020

This research is a quantitative approach. With explanatory type research. The study population was students of economic education class of 2015-2018 Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Kanjruhan Malang. Sampling using proportional random sampling technique with a sample of 62 students. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear analysis. The results showed that: (1) the quality of service, the cost of education, and the reference group jointly had a positive effect on student decisions, with an F value of 14,623 and a significance level of 0,000. (2) the quality of service has a positive effect on student decisions, with a t value of 6,039, and a significance level of 0,000. (3) the cost of education has an effect on student decisions, with a tcount of -2.093 and a significance level of 0.041. (4) the reference group has a positive effect on student decisions, with a t value of 2.172 and a significance level of 0.034. R2 Test The value of the determinant coefficient (R Square) shows R2 of 43.1%, while the remaining 56.9% is affected by other factors outside the variables of this study
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS TERPADU KELAS VII
Authors: Rewa Weldi Rosita Rabbi , Indawati Ninik , Al Arsy Auliana Farrabanie
Published: February 2020

Learning outcomes are a reflection of the level of success or achievement of the objectives of the learning process that has been carried out and culminated with an evaluation which is then measured using a value or number. This study aims to determine the effect of the implementation of the 2013 curriculum and the full day school system on student learning outcomes in Integrated Social Sciences subjects in VII grade SMP Negeri 17 Malang both simultaneously (simultaneously) or individually (partially). This research is an ex-post facto type and uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study amounted to 168 students of class VII of SMP Negeri 17 Malang with sampling using probability sampling techniques of 70 students. Data collection techniques in this study using questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive or significant simultaneous effect between the implementation of the 2013 curriculum and the full day school system on student learning outcomes in integrated social studies subjects in class VII SMP 17 Malang. There is a positive or partially significant effect between the implementation of the 2013 curriculum and the full day school system on the learning outcomes of Social Sciences Integrated Class VII SMP Negeri 17 Malang.
Treasure Hunter Game Buah Maja Menggunakan Scirra Construct 2
Authors: Bastian Ade , Zaliluddin Dadan , Sukrisna Devi
Published: February 2020

Majalengka is one of the regencies located in West Java Province. With the diversity of cultures and tourist attractions in Majalengka, the author intends to make a game that can accommodate several aspects of Majalengka so that it can be better recognized by the public, especially the Majalengka community itself. This research aims to introduce Majalengka to the outside community and the Majalengka community itself, through Majalengka icons and their natural wealth in the form of legendary Gincu and Maja Fruit. The system development method used is a development method using the MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) method. Questionnaires were given to people who had tried playing the Treasure Hunter Buah Maja, a questionnaire was made aimed at finding out the people's response to the game. With a result of 77.5%, the community stated when they first tried the application to be easy to use. 80.8% of the people expressed interest in using the Treasure Hunter Buah Maja game. And as much as 85% of the people stated that this game was quite entertaining.
Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 Signaling Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Rabbit
Authors: Yang Xilan , Jia Jian , Yu Zhen , Duanmu Zheng , He Huiwei , Chen Sen , Qu Chen
Published: February 2020

Background : Previous studies have indicated that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in modulating arterial adventitia inﬂammation response. In this study, we designed experiment to further investigate the effect of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling in rabbit atherosclerosis process. Methods : Atherosclerosis was induced in the abdominal arteries of rabbits by atherogenic diet and endothelial damage. At the same time, animals were received either no treatment or ruxolitinib and killed after 12 weeks. Results : H&E staining and CT scan analysis showed that rabbit atherosclerosis model was constructed successfully. Ruxolitinib, an inhibitor of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), substantially decreased the area of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits treated with high fat diet and balloon injury of the aorta. Moreover, ruxolitinib substantially decreased IL-6 and TNF-α, but increased IL-10 and IL-17 levels in plasma of atherosclerotic rabbits. Additionally, ruxolitinib reduced TC and TG contents and AIP, while enhanced HDL-C level in rabbit plasma. Furthermore, we found that JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation were upregulated in rabbits with atherosclerosis when compared with that of the control group, and furthermore the expression of SOCS3 was also increased due to the activation of JAK2 and STAT3, while ruxolitinib inactivated JAK2 and STAT3 pathway and decreased SOCS3 expression. Conclusion : Taken together, inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling pathway may be a novel method for the clinical treatment of artery atherosclerosis.
Current Status of Periodontal Disease in Adults in Takahagi, Japan:A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sekino Satoshi , Takahashi Ryoichi , Numabe Yukihiro , Okamoto Hiroshi
Published: February 2020

Background : To date, a few studies have documented the detailed periodontal conditions of a Japanese population. It is important to know if the awareness of Japanese nationals and dentists regarding oral hygiene and prevention of periodontal disease have improved when compared with the past in Japan for the development of future scenarios regarding prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity, prevalence, and extent of periodontal disease in the adult population of the city of Takahagi, Japan. Results were also compared with those of an epidemiological study performed in Japan in the 1980s.
Methods : A total of 582 (aged 20 to 89 years) randomly sampled Takahagi residents answered a comprehensive questionnaire and participated in clinical examinations.
Results : The mean percentages of tooth surfaces harboring plaque and exhibiting BOP were 59.5 ± 24.9% and 31.1 ± 21.1%, respectively. The mean PPD and CAL were 2.5 ± 0.5 mm and 2.9 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. Compared with results of the 1980s survey, the mean percentages of plaque and bleeding on probing were lower in the current population. The mean CAL and prevalence of attachment loss of ³5 mm in some age groups were higher in the present study than in the 1980s study. There were no statistically significant differences with respect to mean probing depth between the 1980s and current age groups.
Conclusions : Periodontal disease was still prevalent in the current Japanese population, even though some improvement occurred. Proper public health programs therefore need to be established.
Jejunal inflammatory cytokines, barrier proteins and microbiome-metabolome responses to early supplementary feeding of Bamei suckling piglets﻿
Authors: Jipeng Jin , Jia Jianlei , Zhang Liping , Chen Qian , Zhang Xiaoyan , Sun Weibo , Ma Cunming , Xu Fafang , Zhan Shoujun , Ma Limin , Zhou Guihua , Chen Qiaoxi
Published: February 2020

Background: Dietary intervention has been reported to improve intestinal health. The intestinal microbiota of newborn animals plays a fundamental role in the development of intestinal function and the innate immune system. However, little is currently known about dietary interventions in the gut microbiota and barrier function of livestock, especially suckling Bamei piglets. To this end, we studied the effect of early dietary supplementation on intestinal bacterial communities and intestinal barrier function in piglets.Results: 10 purebred Bamei sows were randomly allocated into two groups. In group one, the piglets received a supplementary milk replacer on day 7 of age, whereas the other control group was allowed sow’s milk alone. At 21 days, 18 and 17, respectively, piglets in each group of average weight were randomly selected and sacrificed. Tissue and digesta samples were collected from the jejunum to evaluate differences in the microbiome-metabolome and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (TLR4, TNFα and IL-8) and barrier proteins (ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1)). Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that early supplementary feeding improved (p<0.05) the gut microbiome composition of Bamei suckling piglets. In addition, metabolomics analyses demonstrated simuitaneous responses as, mang gut microflora–related metabolites were also being affected. Meanwhile, early supplementary feeding of Bamei suckling piglets altered the gene expression of inflammatory cytokine and barrier protein in the jejunum. Conclusions: In summary, these results provide important insights on the relationships between jejunal microbiota and related metabolites, and jejunal barrier function during the early life of Bamei suckling piglets.
Population-level investigation of the knowledge of ocular chemical injuries and proper immediate action
Authors: Seraj Hadeel , Khawandanh Shahad , Fatani Arwa , Saeed Afnan , Alotaibi Ghadeer , Basheikh Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Objective: Although the eyes occupy 0.1% of the total body surface, eye injuries are serious because vision is arguably the most important sense. We aimed to assess knowledge of Saudi Arabian residents regarding steps to be taken in cases of chemical eye injury, in order to promote awareness of such procedures.
Results: A cross-sectional design was done. A random sampling method was utilized to select 888 individuals in the Saudi community. Participants completed an electronic closed ended, validated, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. Two experts assessed content and face validity. Respondents were 18–29 years of age. 74 (8.3%) had a history of chemical eye injury. Regarding the first step taken in case of chemical eye injury, 697 (78.5%) respondents indicated washing with water, 164 (18.5%) indicated visiting the emergency department, 11 (1.2%) indicated using eye drops, and 5 (0.6%) indicated covering the eye immediately. Seventy-five (8.4%) respondents agreed that an eye injured with an acidic material should be washed with an alkaline solution. These results should be confirmed by health authorities and appropriate interventions should be developed for improving knowledge among masses, thereby promoting a healthier society.
Keywords:
Eye damage, Saudi Arabia, corrective steps, alkaline, acidic
Title of Manuscript: Health System Performance Towards Universal Health Coverage in Iran: A Comparative Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Sajadi Haniye Sadat , Goudarzi Zahra , Takian Amirhossein , Mohamadi Efat , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Lotfi Farhad Hosseinzadeh , Sharafi Hamid , Hekmat Somaye Noori , Jowett Matthew , Majdzadeh Reza
Published: February 2020

Background Building upon decades of continuous reforms, since 2014 under the banner of health transformation plan (HTP), Iran has been implementing various initiatives to strengthen its health system. Improving efficiency of the health system is fundamental to achieve better performance and reach universal health coverage (UHC). This article aimed to measure the efficiency and productivity changes in the Iranian health system during 2010-2015 in comparison with 36 selected other upper-middle income countries. Methods We used panel data to measure the variations in technical efficiency (TE) and total factor productivity (TFP) through an extended data envelopment analysis (EDEA) and Malmquist productivity index, respectively. General Government Health Expenditure (GGHE) per capita (International dollar) was selected as input variable. Service coverage of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis; family planning; antiretroviral therapy; skilled attendants at birth; Tuberculosis treatment success rate; and GGHE as % of Total Health Expenditure (THE) were considered as output variables. The data for each indicator were taken from Global Health Observatory data repository and World Development Indicator database, for a period of six years (2010-2015). Results The TE scores of Iran’s health system were 0.75, 0.77, 0.74, 0.74, 0.97 and 0.84 in the period 2010-2015, respectively. TFP improved in 2011 (1.02), 2013 (1.01), and 2014 (1.30, generally). The overall efficiency and TFP increased in 2014. Changes made in CCHE per capita and GGHE/THE attributed to the increase of efficiency. ConclusionThere is a growing demand for efficiency improvements in the health systems to achieve UHC. While there are no defined set of indicators or precise methods to measure heath system efficiency, EDEA helped us to draw the picture of health system efficiency in Iran. Our findings also highlighted the essential need for targeted and sustained interventions, i.e. allocation of enough proportion of public funds to the health sector, to improve universal financial coverage against health costs aiming to enhance the future performance of Iran’s health system, ultimately. Such tailored interventions may be also useful for settings with similar context to speed up their movement towards improving efficiency, which in turn might lead to more resources to reach UHC.
Barriers and motivators to participation and retention in HIV/HCV cohort studies among people who inject drugs; A community consultation in Iran
Authors: mirzazadeh ali , Hooshyar Samira Hosseini , Shahesmaeili Armita , Bahramnejad Ali , Barsham Adibeh , Moosavian Ghazal , Najafi Ismail , Sharifi Hamid , Haghdoost Ali-Akbar , Briceno Alya , McFarland Willi , Page Kimberly
Published: February 2020

Background The lack of robust estimates of HIV/HCV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran calls for well-designed prospective cohort studies. Successful recruitment and follow-up of PWID in cohort studies may require formative assessment of barriers PWID are faced with in participation and retention in cohort studies and factors they think may facilitate their engagement in such studies. Using a focus group discussion (FGD) format, we conducted a consultation with PWID in southeast Iran to recognize those barriers and motivators. Methods Using targeted sampling, we recruited PWID (aged≥18, injected in last 6 months) from community-based drop-in centers (DICs), homeless shelters, and through outreach efforts to participate in four FGDs (one women-only). Socio-demographic characteristics, injection behaviors and self-reported HCV/HIV testing and diagnosis history were obtained. Then, a semi-structured FGD guide was applied to explore barriers and motivators to participation and retention in cohort studies among study participants. All FGD sessions were recorded and transcribed verbatim, removing any identifying information. The content of FGDs were analyzed by thematic analysis using an inductive approach. Results In total, 30 individuals (10 women) participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 35.4 years (SD 7.6), with majority (73.3%) reporting injecting drug use within the last month. Only 40.0% reported ever being tested for HCV whereas a larger proportion (63.4%) reported ever being tested for HIV. While the majority were willing to participate in cohort studies, breach of confidentiality, fear of positive test results, perceived required commitment, and marginalization were reported as barriers to participation and retention in such studies. Monetary incentive, the thought of a better life, protection from police interventions and trust between health workers and PWID were addressed as motivators of engagement in cohort studies among PWID.Conclusions Strategies to enhance data security and reduce stigma associated with injecting drug use along with involving peer workers in research, providing pre and post-test counselling and education and addressing the needs of more marginalized groups potentially through integrated healthcare programs and housing support are among few approaches that may help address barriers and strengthen the motivators for successful cohort studies among this population.
Clinical features of Guillain–Barré syndrome patients with elevated serum creatine kinase levels
Authors: Hosokawa Takafumi , Nakajima Hideto , Sawai Taiki , Nakamura Yoshitsugu , Sano Eri , Tsukahara Akihiro , Unoda Kiichi , Ishida Shimon , Sakane Sadaki , Kimura Fumiharu , Arawaka Shigeki
Published: February 2020

Background: It is not well defined whether Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) patients with elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels have characteristic clinical features and are related to the subgroups of GBS. Methods: We retrospectively studied 51 consecutive patients with GBS, who visited our hospital, and compared clinical, laboratory and electrophysiological findings between patients with and without elevated CK levels. Results: Of 51 patients, 14 patients (27%) showed an elevation of serum CK levels. When compared with patients with the normal CK levels, the ratios of male, antecedent infections, and anti-GM1 antibody positivity were significantly higher in patients with elevated CK levels. The ratios of hypoesthesia, cranial nerve involvement, and urinary retention were significantly less in patients with elevated CK levels. There were no significant differences in disability at peak between two groups. In the electrophysiological examination, sensory nerve abnormalities were not observed. Although some patients with elevated CK levels showed prolongation of distal motor latencies (DMLs) and increase of durations in the initial examination, development of the prolongation of DMLs and increase of durations was not observed in the follow-up examinations. The findings were consistent with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) with reversible conduction failure (RCF) but not acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). Conclusions: The results suggest that the GBS patients with elevated CK levels represent not a group of AIDP but a group of AMAN with axonal degeneration or RCF even though the initial electrophysiological examination shows AIDP pattern. Key words: Creatine kinase, Guillain-Barré syndrome, AIDP, AMAN, reversible conduction failure
Efficacy and Safety of Mono Antiplatelet Treatment for Cardioembolic and Undetermined Etiological Stroke after Receiving Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Deng Jiangshan , He Guangchen , Lu Haitao , Wei Liming , Li Minghua , Li Yuehua , Zhao Yuwu , Zhu Yueqi
Published: February 2020

Background Periprocedural antithrombotic medication after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO) is still controversial. Recent studies have indicated that majority of stroke with undetermined etiology (SUE), as defined by the TOAST classification, showed strong overlap with cardioembolic stroke (CE). We intended to determine the efficacy of the mono antiplatelet (MA) therapy in both stroke types after receiving successful MT recanalization in the acute stage. Methods 178 consecutive stroke patients who received MT treatment were retrospectively analyzed. CE and SUE type stroke patients were chosed to received MA therapy. Aspirin 100mg or clopidogrel 75 mg was added immediate for patients who didn`t received intravenously recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-rtPA) and after 24 hours for those received IV-rtPA if symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) was not found. MA treatment outcomes included recanalized artery patency, subsequent sICH and functional independence (mRS score of 0-2) were compared between two stroke types. Results Successful recanalization (TICI 2b/3) was achieved in 75 CE stroke patients and 50 SUE patients without hemorrhagic transformation were included into final analysis. Target artery at 7 days after recanalization was confirmed 100% patency in the CE group and 97.5% in the SUE group. Hemorrhagic transformation after 24h was found in 26% patients in the SUE group and in 26.7% patients in the CE group (P > 0.05). sICH was confirmed in 3 patients in the SUE group and in 10 patients in the CE group. At 90 days, 45.8% in the SUE group and 46.5% in the CE group of patients had achieved good outcomes (mRs 0-2) (P=1.00). However, accumulative death was higher in the CE group than in the SUE group (21% vs. 15%; P=0.47) Conclusion Mono antiplatelet strategy for the treatment of accurate stage of cardioembolic stroke received mechanical thrombectomy is safe and effective. Meanwhile, for patients considered SUE stroke type, mono antiplatelet therapy after thrombectomy achieved similar treatment outcomes as compared to cardioembolic stroke patients.
Maternal genes and pathways affecting birth weight and weaning weight traits in sheep: A GWAS and pathway enrichment analysis
Authors: Esmaeilifard Mehdi , Hafezian Seyed Hasan , Gholizadeh Mohsen , Abdollahi-Arpanahi Rostam
Published: February 2020

Background Ewe productivity is considered as the most important economic trait in sheep meat production. Due to very limited reports, the objective of this study was the application of alternative GWAS approaches followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on the maternal genome to unravel the genomic architecture underlying ewe productivity in Iranian Baluchi sheep. Six maternal composite traits including progeny birth weight (PBW), litter mean weight at birth (LMWB), total litter weight at birth (TLWB), progeny weaning weight (PWW), litter mean weight at weaning (LMWW) and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW) were studied. Results Genes such as RDX , FDX1 , ARHGAP20 , ZC3H12C , THBS1 , and EPG5 on OAR6, OAR7, OAR15, and OAR23 were identified for composite traits at birth. The genes are involved in pregnancy, including autophagy in the placenta, progesterone production by the placenta, maternal immune response and placenta formation. Some maternal pathways, related to calcium ion transport, signal transduction, neurogenesis, and immune response were also identified for birth weight traits. Moreover, many genes including NR2C1 , VEZT , HSD17B4 , RSU1 , CUBN , VIM , PRLR , and FTH1 were located on OAR2, OAR3, OAR5, OAR7, OAR13, OAR16, and OAR25 identified as maternal genes affecting weaning weight traits. Most of the identified genes were involved in mammary glands development and milk components production. Also, many GO terms related to protein processing and transport, ion transport and homeostasis, proteins and lipid phosphorylation, and phospholipid translocation were identified in association with weaning weight traits. Conclusions The results of the present study revealed that calcium ion homeostasis and transport and the maternal immune system could have an important role in progeny’s birth weight. Also, the results showed that genes and pathways affecting mammary glands development during pregnancy and milk components production have the most impact on lambs weaning weight. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic architecture of the studied traits and providing opportunities for improving ewe productivity via marker-assisted selection.
Uncovering genomic regions controlling plant architectural traits in hexaploid wheat using GWAS
Authors: Wang Lingqiang , Muhammad Ali , Hu Weicheng , Yu Jinsheng , Khan Shahid Ullah , Xie Guosheng , Wang Jibin
Published: February 2020

Background: Wheat is a staple food crop worldwide. Plant height is a key factor in plant architecture as it plays a crucial role in lodging and thus affects yield and quality. Genome-wide studies are mostly applied in crop plants, due to its advanced genotyping technologies, identification of novel loci, and improved statistical approaches. Results: In this study, the population was genotyped by using Illumina iSelect 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay and finally 22,905 high-quality SNPs were used to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for plant architectural traits employing four multi-locus GWAS (ML-GWAS) and three single-locus GWAS (SL-GWAS) models. As a result, 174 and 97 significant SNPs controlling plant architectural traits were detected by four ML-GWAS and three SL-GWAS methods, respectively. Among these SNP makers, 43 SNPs were commonly detected, including seven across multiple environments and thirty-six across multiple methods. Interestingly, five most stable SNPs (Kukri_c34553_89, RAC875_c8121_1490, wsnp_Ex_rep_c66315_64480362, Ku_c5191_340, and tplb0049a09_1302) consistently detected across multiple environments and methods, possibly played a role in modulating plant height and flag leaf length. When comparing ML-GWAS methods, pLARmEB was the most powerful and accountable for the detection of 49 significant SNPs that mostly contributed to plant height (36 SNPs). However, in SL-GWAS the FarmCPU model detected most of the significant SNPs. Moreover, a total of 152 candidate genes were found that are likely to be involved in plant growth and development which may provide insightful information related to plant architectural traits.Conclusion: Altogether, our results reveal 174 and 97 significant SNPs controlling plant architectural traits using four ML-GWAS and three SL-GWAS methods, respectively. The detection of the stable loci across multiple environments and methods, possibly play a role in modulating plant architectural traits in hexaploid wheat, and finally will contribute to the discovery of valuable SNP loci for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat molecular breeding.
CircSEC24A promotes colorectal cancer progression by regulating miR-488-3p/TMEM106B axis
Authors: Hu Gaowu , Peng Wei , Cao Yongqing
Published: February 2020

Background: Currently, more and more circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified to exert their functions in tumor progression, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of circSEC24A (circ_0003528) in CRC remains unknown.Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to determine the levels of circSEC24A, SEC24A and microRNA-488-3p (miR-488-3p). The characterization of circSEC24A was investigated by Actinomycin D and RNase R digestion assays. 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was adopted for cell apoptosis and cell cycle process. Transwell assay was employed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Western blot assay was performed to determine protein levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized to explore the relationship between miR-488-3p and circSEC24A or transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B). Murine xenograft model was constructed to explore the effect of circSEC24A in vivo .Results: CircSEC24A level was increased in CRC tissues and cells. CircSEC24A deficiency impeded cell proliferation, cell cycle process, migration and invasion and induced apoptosis in CRC cells in vitro and blocked tumorigenesis in vivo . MiR-488-3p was a target of circSEC24A and miR-488-3p was downregulated in CRC tissues and cells. The inhibitory effect of circSEC24A silencing on CRC cell progression was restored by miR-488-3p inhibition. Moreover, TMEM106B could be negatively regulated by miR-488-3p via acting as a downstream gene of miR-488-3p. MiR-488-3p overexpression decelerated CRC cell progression by targeting TMEM106B.Conclusion: CircSEC24A facilitated CRC progression by regulating miR-488-3p/TMEM106B axis, which might provide a promising treatment approach for CRC.
The efficacy of diaphragmatic plication in patients with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis; a two-centre experience
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Abdel Bary , Rashad Alaa , Elgendy Hamed , Beshay Morris
Published: February 2020

Background and objective: Diaphragm is not an uncommon problem. is the most presenting in most of the cases. In this study, we used diaphragm (DUS) and to evaluate the outcome of post-surgical diaphragmatic plication (SDP) in adults with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis (UDP). To our knowledge, no large reports about the efficacy of and the utilization of DUS for these patients were done. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent SDP at two (2014 - 2018) was done. Data of all patients were patients' characteristics, preoperative (chest X-ray, chest computed tomography, DUS, and ) , two years postoperative follow up. Results: Among 47 (UDP) patients. 40 patients underwent SDP. 30 (75%) males (mean age 45±14 years). Left-sided SDP was found in 57% of cases (n=23). Most of the patients were suffering from Dyspnea (n=38). Minor complications occurred in 12% (n=5). Excellent results in 90% (n=36), good results in 7,5% and unsatisfactory in one patient (2,5%). Patients up at one month and 6 months and two years showed a significant increase in FEV1 up to 20% (range 15-40%), P=0.011 and FVC up to 30% (range 10%45%) P=0.024. There was a significant postoperative improvement in (P<0.005). There was a significant correlation between postoperative FEV1 and the height of the copula on CXR and DUS (P<0.001 and P<0.005 respectively). Conclusion: SDP is an effective and safe procedure which can be performed to treat UDP in adult patients suffering from chronic . is a significant improvement in the patient’s functional is correlated to the assessment. Keywords: Diaphragm Diaphragmatic Eventration Diaphragmatic Eventration/surgery diaphragm/ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, Recovery of Function Thoracic Surgical Procedures/methods
The effect of short-course antibiotics on the resistance profile of colonizing gut bacteria in the ICU: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Munck Christian , Sheth Ravi U , Cuaresma Edward , Weidler Jessica , Stump Stephania L , Zachariah Philip , Chong David H , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Abrams Julian A , Wang Harris H , FREEDBERG DANIEL E
Published: February 2020

Background: The need for early antibiotics in the intensive care unit (ICU) is often balanced against the goal of antibiotic stewardship. Long-course antibiotics increase the burden of antimicrobial resistance within colonizing gut bacteria, but the dynamics of this process are not fully understood. We sought to determine how short-course antibiotics affect the antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype of colonizing gut bacteria in the ICU by performing a prospective cohort study with assessments of resistance at ICU admission and exactly 72 hours later.Methods: Deep rectal swabs were performed on 48 adults at the time of ICU admission and exactly 72 hours later, including patients who did and did not receive antibiotics. To determine resistance phenotype, rectal swabs were cultured for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). In addition, Gram-negative bacterial isolates were cultured against relevant antibiotics. To determine resistance genotype, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed from rectal swabs for 87 established resistance genes. Within-individual changes in antimicrobial resistance were calculated based on culture and qPCR results and correlated with exposure to relevant antibiotics (e.g., did β-lactam antibiotic exposure associate with a detectable change in β-lactam resistance over this 72-hour period?). Results: Of 48 ICU patients, 41 (85%) received antibiotics. Overall, there was no increase in the antimicrobial resistance profile of colonizing gut bacteria during the 72 hour study period. There was also no increase in antimicrobial resistance after stratification by receipt of antibiotics (i.e., no detectable increase in β-lactam, vancomycin, or macrolide resistance regardless of whether patients received those same antibiotics). This was true for both culture and PCR. Antimicrobial resistance pattern at ICU admission strongly predicted resistance pattern after 72 hours.Conclusions. Short-course ICU antibiotics made little difference in the antimicrobial resistance pattern of colonizing gut bacteria over 72 hours in the ICU. This provides improved understanding of the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in the ICU and some reassurance that short-course antibiotics may not adversely impact the stewardship goal of reducing antimicrobial resistance.
The Scaffold Derived from GGTA1 and CMAH Gene Knockout Pigs Generated by Gene Editing Provoked Little Inflammatory Responses in a Humanized Pig Model
Authors: yen chon-ho , Tai Hao-Chih , Peng Su-Hei , Yang Tien-Shuh , Tu Ching-Fu
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe porcine small intestinal submucosa ECM (SIS-ECM) has been used as a supportive scaffold for healing in a variety of tissues. However, the outcomes of its application are far from satisfactory.ResultsThe possibility of generating a porcine small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM) that is fully biocompatible was investigated. Samples of SIS-ECM were prepared from either domestic wild-type (WT) or double-gene knockout (dKO) pigs without antigenic responses to α-Gal and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The scaffolds, which were sutured into cuts made in the longissimus muscle of the dKO pigs, were expected to exhibit xeno-reactions through natural antibodies as in a human response. A process was established to manufacture ameliorating acellular porcine SIS-ECM implants with consistent quality characteristics, which were assured by analyzing the level of residual DNA, the glycosaminoglycan content, and histochemical stains. Once implanted, the acellular SIS-ECM from the WT pigs caused a significant increase in serum IL-6 levels in the dKO recipient pigs, indicating a host defense through immune reactions. The levels remained unchanged when preparations from the dKO pigs were used. The pathological score of the multinuclear giant cells of the dKO (WT) group (2.3±0.5) was significantly greater than that of the dKO (dKO) group (0.7±0.3).ConclusionThe IL-6 levels and pathological evidences suggested that dKO pigs without α-Gal or Neu5Gc antigenic causing lower inflammatory response can serve as biocompatible SIS-ECM donors or as animal models for testing anthropomorphic immune responses to biomedical devices.