bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superparamagnetic biobased poly(thioether‐ester) via thiol‐ene polymerization in miniemulsion for hyperthermia
Authors: dos Santos Paula C. M. , Machado Thiago O. , Santin João V. C. , Feuser Paulo E. , Córneo Emily S. , Machado‐de‐Ávila Ricardo A. , Sayer Claudia , de Araújo Pedro H. H.
Published: August 2020

Thiol‐ene polymerization has been pointed out as a promising technique to produce biobased polymers for biomedical applications due to its advantages, including mild conditions and rapid reaction rates without the formation of byproducts. Therefore, in this study different concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were incorporated in poly(thioether‐ester) (PTEE) nanoparticles by thiol‐ene miniemulsion polymerization of biobased monomers to form both linear and branched cross‐linked polymers. Loading efficiencies up to approximately 95% (thermogravimetric analysis) of the MNPs within the polymer matrix were obtained. In addition, the substitution of the dithiol 1,4‐butanedithiol (64.2%) for the tetrathiol PTEMP (95.8%), increased the encapsulation efficiency by about 30%. Hybrid nanoparticles presented average mean diameters between 95 and260 nm with polydispersity index between 0.13 and 0.42 by DLS, negative zeta potentials around −45 mV and superparamagnetic behavior. The hyperthermia assays performed on breast cells (MDA‐MB 231) have shown that the cell death was dependent on the exposure time to the AC magnetic field and the reduction in cell viability was approximately 35%. These results demonstrated the production of superparamagnetic PTEE nanoparticles via thiol‐ene polymerization and highlight the promising application of these biobased materials for cancer treatment by hyperthermia.
Description and analysis of the time–domain response of nabla discrete fractional order systems
Authors: Wei Yiheng , Gao Qing , Cheng Songsong , Wang Yong
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the time–domain response of nabla discrete fractional order systems by exploring several useful properties of the nabla discrete Laplace transform and the discrete Mittag–Leffler function. In particular, we find the limitation of discrete Mittag–Leffler when adopted in describing the response. Then we establish two fundamental properties of a nabla discrete fractional order system with nonzero initial instant: i) the existence and uniqueness of the system time–domain response; and ii) the dynamic behavior of the zero input response. Finally, a simulation study is provided to show the validity of the theoretical results.
How microplastic components influence the immune system and impact on children health: Focus on cancer
Authors: Segovia‐Mendoza Mariana , Nava‐Castro Karen E. , Palacios‐Arreola Margarita I. , Garay‐Canales Claudia , Morales‐Montor Jorge
Published: August 2020

Background

As a result of human socioeconomic activity, industrial wastes have increased distressingly. Plastic pollution is globally distributed across the world due to its properties of buoyancy and durability. A big health hazard is the sorption of toxicants to plastic while traveling through the environment. Two broad classes of plastic‐related chemicals are of critical concern for human health—bisphenols and phthalates. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine‐disruptor compound (EDC) with estrogenic activity. It is used in the production of materials that are used daily. The endocrine modulating activity of BPA and its effects on reproductive health has been widely studied. BPA also has effects on the immune system; however, they are poorly investigated and the available data are inconclusive. Phthalates are also EDCs used as plasticizers in a wide array of daily‐use products. Since these compounds are not covalently bound to the plastic matrix, they easily leach out from it, leading to high human exposure. These compounds exert several cell effects through modulating different endocrine pathways, such as estrogen, androgen, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma, and arylhydrocarbon receptor pathways. The exposure to both classes of plastic derivatives during critical periods has detrimental effects on human health.

Methods

In this review, we have compiled the most important of their perinatal effects on the function of the immune system and their relationship to the development of different types of cancer.

Results/Conclusion

The administration of bisphenols and phthalates during critical stages of development affects important immune system components, and the immune function; which might be related to the development of different diseases including cancer.
The role of school‐based research champions in a school–university partnership
Authors: Burn Katharine , Conway Robin , Edwards Anne , Harries Eluned
Published: August 2020

The value of teachers’ engagement in and with research is long recognised and it is acknowledged that school–university research partnerships are one way of enabling such engagement. But we know little about how research‐based knowledge is negotiated into school practices. Here we draw on data from nine ‘research champions’, who are teachers in schools which are part of the Oxford Education Deanery, a research partnership with a university department. Taking a cultural/historical approach, the study examined the strategic intentions and actions in the activities of the champions as they negotiated research‐based knowledge into their schools. Data comprised 59 completed templates that described what they did and why. Findings revealed differences between those with close links with senior leaders—who could take a whole‐school approach—and those whose reach was restricted by their position in school practices. Nonetheless, all the champions carefully selected and targeted research in ways that reflected their knowledge of local contexts. The findings point to the need to incorporate the champion role into school systems and for universities to value the role as they develop their own research agenda.
Information Processing in Affective Disorders: Did an Ancient Peptide Regulating Intercellular Metabolism Become Co‐Opted for Noxious Stress Sensing?
Authors: Lovejoy David A. , Hogg David W.
Published: August 2020

Affective disorders arise in stressful situations from aberrant sensory information integration that affects energetic nutrient (i.e., glucose) utilization to the cognitive centers of the brain. Because energy flow is mediated by molecular signals and receptors that evolved before the first complex brains, the phylogenetically oldest signaling systems are essential in the etiology of affective disorders. The corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) peptide subfamily is a phylogenetically old metazoan peptide family and is pivotal for regulating organismal energy response associated with stress. Highly conserved, both the CRF peptide family and its receptors possess a structural relationship to the teneurins, and their receptors, latrophilins, respectively. The CRF homologous region of teneurin is defined as the “teneurin C‐terminal associated peptide” (TCAP) and antagonizes CRF action, regulates mitochondrial energy production, and is anxiolytic in vivo. Here, it is postulated that TCAP represents an ancient peptide that mediates intercellular information transfer of stressful and noxious events by regulating energy utilization among neurons.
The impact of emotions on shopping behavior during epidemic. What a business can do to protect customers
Authors: Szymkowiak Andrzej , Gaczek Piotr , Jeganathan Kishokanth , Kulawik Piotr
Published: August 2020

The study investigated how the perception of in‐shop COVID‐19 contraction influences emotions in decision‐making and how they further effect actions undertaken by consumers to control the situation within a store. Structural equation modeling was used to study the relationship between the risk of in‐store infection, emotions and in‐shop behavior, based on data retrieved from 914 questionnaires. Results showed, that the perceived risk of becoming infected in a store causes an increase in arousal and, at the same time, a decrease in perceived pleasure during shopping. The rise in arousal led to an increase in consumers taking actions to decrease their risk of contagion, while an increase in noticeable pleasure lowered interest of following recommendations for pandemic behavior. The findings imply that through changes regarding in‐store atmosphere, stationary shops can provide consumers with a sense of urgency and awareness of infection risk so that they may do their shopping more efficiently.
Acute myocardial infarction and large coronary thrombosis in a patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Tedeschi Delio , Rizzi Andrea , Biscaglia Simone , Tumscitz Carlo
Published: August 2020

This is a case report of a 60‐year‐old male, without any cardiovascular risk factor and no cardiac history admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). After 7 days, the blood tests showed a significant rise of inflammatory and procoagulant markers, along with a relevant elevation of high‐sensitivity Troponin I. Electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) were consistent with a diagnosis of infero‐posterolateral acute myocardial infarction and the patient was transferred to the isolated Cath Lab for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The angiography showed an acute massive thrombosis of a dominant right coronary artery without clear evidence of atherosclerosis. Despite the optimal pharmacological therapies and different PCI techniques, the final TIMI flow was 0/1 and after 3 hr the clinical condition evolved in cardiac arrest for pulseless electric activity. Acute coronary syndrome–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction is a relevant complication of COVID‐19. Due to high levels of proinflammatory mediators, diffuse coronary thrombosis could occur even in patients without cardiac history or comorbidities. This clinical case suggests that coronary thrombosis in COVID‐19 patients may be unresponsive to optimal pharmacological (GP IIb–IIIa infusion) and mechanical treatment (PCI).
Cyanide poisoning in inhalation injuries
Authors: Kennedy Sharon , Cahill Kevin C.
Published: August 2020

Cyanide gas forms during the combustion of synthetic polymers and should be considered in patients presenting with inhalation injuries. A persistently high lactate following adequate resuscitation may be an indicator of cyanide exposure. As cyanide poisoning can be rapidly fatal, prompt recognition and treatment of this condition is vital.
Dually Decorated Na3V2(PO4)2F3 by Carbon and 3D Graphene as Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with High Energy and Power Densities
Authors: Hu Lizhen , Cheng Siqi , Xiao Shunhua , Li Wenna , Chen Zhuo , Li Wei , Huang Bin , Liu Qingquan , Chen Quanqi
Published: August 2020

The dually decorated Na3V2(PO4)2F3 by in‐situ formed carbon and three‐dimensional graphene (NVPF/C@3DG) is prepared via two hydrothermal steps and a high‐temperature calcination. Benefiting from the high electronic conductivity of carbon and 3DG, high surface area and the resulted high diffusion coefficients of Na+, NVPF/C@3DG displays superior electrochemical performance to the control NVPF/C. Between 2.5 and 4.5 V (vs. Na+/Na), NVPF/C@3DG presents the initial discharge capacity of 123.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C (25.6 mA g−1) and capacity retention of 92.1 % after 60 cycles, while NVPF/C shows initial discharge capacity of 119 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 84.1 % under the identical test conditions. Even at 15 C, the initial discharge capacity and capacity retention after 1000 cycles of NVPF/C@3DG are as high as 91.2 mAh g−1 and 82.9 %, respectively, much better than the initial discharge capacity of 71.2 mAh g−1 and the corresponding capacity retention of 76.4 % for NVPF/C, respectively.
Harmonization of color measurements for dental application
Authors: Paravina Rade D. , Pereira Sanchez Natalie A. , Tango Rubens N.
Published: August 2020

This multicenter study evaluated the effect of harmonizing spectrophotometric (d/8°) color measurements by using actual dental materials of clinically relevant thickness and translucency as “calibration tiles.” Ten tooth‐colored, 1‐mm thick, resin‐ and ceramic‐based materials were tested at the coordinating center (CC) and six research sites (RS). Correction factors were calculated for each material and each site to obtain the corrected reflection spectra from the non‐corrected data set. Non‐corrected (NC) and corrected (C) reflection values were converted into CIEDE2000 and CIELAB color parameters for the following comparisons: CC vs RSNC and CC vs RSC, between RSNC vs RSNC and RSC vs RSC pairs, and among RS separately (α = 0.05). Mean color differences for CC vs RSNC and corresponding CC vs RSC values were ΔE00 = 4.2 (2.6) and ΔE00 = 0.7 (0.6), respectively. Corresponding values for RSNC vs RSNC and RSC vs RSC specimen pairs were ΔE00 = 5.9 (2.9) and ΔE00 = 1.0 (0.5), respectively. The CIEDE2000 NC vs C comparison for each research site separately ranged from 0.5 to 8.5. Color differences of CC vs RSC and RSC vs RSC pairs decreased 83% to 84.5% as compared with respective color differences for non‐corrected research site measurements and was RS dependent (P < .001). The obtained results validated the proposed method of harmonizing color measurements for dental application as a reliable quality control tool for dental research laboratories and industry.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of several aromatic substituted chalcones as antimalarial agents
Authors: Gopinathan Adarsh , Moidu Mahreen , Mukundan Minil , Ellickal Narayanan Siju , Narayanan Hariraj , Adhikari Navin
Published: August 2020

Malaria is a communicable disease which is caused by protozoan's mainly Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. knowlesi). The increasing resistance of Plasmodium to available malarial drugs poses a great responsibility for the researchers in the field of malaria. To overcome this problem of resistance, this study aimed to design and synthesize a new class of antimalarial agent with chalcone as the main moiety. Chalcones, a member of flavanoid family, consist of two aromatic rings of 1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐one linked by a three carbon α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl system. Five derivatives were designed and among them one was selected. The CC2 was then synthesized by esterification of Para amino acetophenone followed by treatment with hydrazide to form 2‐(4 acetylphenoxy)acetohydrazide. This was then coupled with 2‐Bromo substituted Diazotized esterified anilines, which was finally linked with substituted benzaldehyde to yield CC2. These were then structurally verified by Infra Red (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The chalcone was then tested for in vitro growth inhibition assays using SYBR GREEN‐1 Based assay and IC50 values were identified. The compound CC2 showed quite promising antimalarial activity by inhibiting cysteine protease enzyme. The acute toxicity studies of the compound were carried out as per OECD guideline 425 and the results showed no toxic signs and symptoms indicating CC2 as a safe and less toxic compound.
An overview of superficial radiation of surgical keloidectomy sites to reduce keloid recurrences
Authors: Berman Brian
Published: August 2020

Background

Keloids adversely impact medical, cosmetic and psychological health and are detrimental to the quality of life of those affected. The clinical challenge following surgical excision of keloids is the high, 71%, recurrence rate. Based on its ability to suppress wound healing, judicious use of low‐dose, fractionated superficial radiation therapy (SRT) has been successful in reducing post‐keloidectomy keloid recurrences.

Objective

This overview focusses on the reported safety and efficacies of differing dosing and fractionation regimens of SRT of keloidectomy surgical sites to reduce keloid.

Methods

A literature review regarding superficial radiation of surgical keloidectomy sites to reduce keloid recurrences.

Results

Postsurgical treatment of keloid excision suture lines with several fractions of SRT reduces keloid recurrence rates. An effective and safe treatment protocol is a biologically effective dose of 3000 cGy (BED 30) with three fractions of 600 cGy on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. Fractionation of the SRT dose reduces the risk of hyperpigmentation and other adverse events.

Conclusion

Judicious use of low‐dose, fractionated superficial radiation therapy safely and effectively reduces the rate of post‐keloidectomy keloid recurrences.
ESC EORP Cardiomyopathy Registry: real‐life practice of genetic counselling and testing in adult cardiomyopathy patients
Authors: Heliö Tiina , Elliott Perry , Koskenvuo Juha W. , Gimeno Juan R. , Tavazzi Luigi , Tendera Michal , Kaski Juan Pablo , Mansencal Nicolas , Bilińska Zofia , Carr‐White Gerry , Damy Thibaud , Frustaci Andrea , Kindermann Ingrid , Ripoll‐Vera Tomas , Čelutkienė Jelena , Axelsson Anna , Lorenzini Massimiliano , Saad Aly , Maggioni Aldo P. , Laroche Cécile , Caforio Alida L.P. , Charron Philippe ,   EORP Cardiomyopathy Registry Investigators Group
Published: August 2020

Aims

Cardiomyopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases, often of genetic origin. We assessed the current practice of genetic counselling and testing in the prospective European Society of Cardiology EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy Registry.

Methods and results

A total of 3208 adult patients from 69 centres in 18 countries were enrolled. Genetic counselling was performed in 60.8% of all patients [75.4% in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 39.2% in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 70.8% in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), and 49.2% in restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), P < 0.001]. Comparing European geographical areas, genetic counselling was performed from 42.4% to 83.3% (P < 0.001). It was provided by a cardiologist (85.3%), geneticist (15.1%), genetic counsellor (11.3%), or a nurse (7.5%) (P < 0.001). Genetic testing was performed in 37.3% of all patients (48.8% in HCM, 18.6% in DCM, 55.6% in ARVC, and 43.6% in RCM, P < 0.001). Index patients with genetic testing were younger at diagnosis and had more familial disease, family history of sudden cardiac death, or implanted cardioverter defibrillators but less co‐morbidities than those not tested (P < 0.001 for each comparison). At least one disease‐causing variant was found in 41.7% of index patients with genetic testing (43.3% in HCM, 33.3% in DCM, 51.4% in ARVC, and 42.9% in RCM, P = 0.13).

Conclusions

This is the first detailed report on the real‐life practice of genetic counselling and testing in cardiomyopathies in Europe. Genetic counselling and testing were performed in a substantial proportion of patients but less often than recommended by European guidelines and much less in DCM than in HCM and ARVC, despite evidence for genetic background.
Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Properties of Peripherally Tetra Diethoxypropan Substituted Phthalocyanines
Authors: Akyüz Duygu , Akçay Hakkı Türker , Bayrak Rıza
Published: August 2020

In this study novel peripherally tetra 1,3‐diethoxy‐2‐propanol substituted Co(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), Ni(II) Zn(II) phthalocyanine derivatives were prepared. The characterization of the novel compounds was made by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, UV‐vis and MALDI‐TOF mass. Electrochemical, in‐situ spectroelectrochemical and electrocolorimetric measurements have been carried out with the aim to determine the redox properties, to illuminate reaction mechanism and the effect of substituent and metal center. Moreover, the color properties and aggregation tendency of compounds were also investigated.
Hepatic Fat—Genetic Risk Score Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhotic HCV Treated With DAAs
Authors: Degasperi Elisabetta , Galmozzi Enrico , Pelusi Serena , D’Ambrosio Roberta , Soffredini Roberta , Borghi Marta , Perbellini Riccardo , Facchetti Floriana , Iavarone Massimo , Sangiovanni Angelo , Valenti Luca , Lampertico Pietro
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims

Genetic factors and steatosis predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus; however, their impact in patients with cirrhosis cured by direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) is still undefined. We assessed the association between a genetic risk score (GRS) of hepatic fat accumulation, combining variants in PNPLA3 (patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3), MBOAT7 (membrane bound O‐acyltransferase domain containing 7), TM6SF2 (transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2), GCKR (glucokinase regulator), and HCC in patients treated with DAAs.

Approach and Results

We considered 509 consecutive patients with HCV cirrhosis (defined histologically or when liver stiffness ≥12 kPa) treated with DAAs. HCC was diagnosed according to international recommendations. GRS was calculated from the weighted impact of single variants on hepatic fat content quantified by H1 spectrometry in the general population (Dallas Heart Study). During a median follow‐up of 43 (3‐57) months after DAA start, 36 of 452 (8%) patients developed de novo HCC, 4‐year cumulative probability being 9% (95% confidence interval 7%‐12%). Male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 2.54, P = 0.02), diabetes (HR 2.39, P = 0.01), albumin (HR 0.35, P = 0.001), and GRS score >0.597 (HR 2.30, P = 0.04) were independent predictors of de novo HCC. In contrast, single genetic risk variants were not useful in stratifying HCC risk. The proportion of patients who developed HCC according to the combination of the independent risk factors ranged from 11% to 67%. HCC recurred in 28 of 57 (49%) patients with previous history; diabetes and ethnicity were the only independent predictors of HCC recurrence.

Conclusions

In a large cohort of DAA‐treated patients with cirrhotic HCV, GRS was associated with de novo HCC independently of classical risk factors, including liver disease severity. These data suggest that hepatic fat (i.e., lipotoxicity) promotes HCC in this setting and may represent a target for chemoprevention. Combination of clinical and genetic predictors may improve HCC risk stratification.
Online feedback and crowdfunding finance in China
Authors: Shahab Yasir , Riaz Yasir , Ntim Collins G. , Ye Zhiwei , Zhang Qingjing , Feng Ran
Published: August 2020

This study examines the impact of online feedback on the extent of alternative startups' fundraising success or failure through reward‐based online crowdfunding platforms. By drawing on regulatory focus theory, we theorize that online feedback relating to products or services is crucial in determining the success of entrepreneurial projects. While employing a unique dataset of 620 projects from renowned reward‐based Chinese crowdfunding platform “Demohour” (a major pioneer Chinese crowdfunding platform), the findings show a significant effect of online feedback on the extent of success or failure of reward‐based crowdfunding campaigns. Our findings, which are robust to different measures and methodologies imply that nascent entrepreneurs need to pay keen attention to online feedback about their innovative projects if they are to be successful in their fundraising efforts.
Effects of methylparaben on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes
Authors: Barajas‐Salinas Adyeni , Ducolomb Yvonne , Betancourt Miguel , Núñez‐Macías Elivier , López Alma , Barraza Jaime , Quezadas‐Fuentes Juan , Bahena‐Ocampo Iván , Bonilla Edmundo , Retana‐Márquez Socorro , Casas Eduardo , Casillas Fahiel
Published: August 2020

Parabens (PBs) are compounds widely used in industry for food and personal care products as antimicrobials and preservatives. Their indiscriminate use has resulted in their detection in different ecosystems so that humans and other organisms are highly exposed. Methylparaben (MePB), compared with other PBs, is mostly detected in food, personal care and baby care products. PBs could be linked to the generation of hormonal disorders and fertility impairment since their recent classification as endocrine disruptors. The knowledge of the effects that MePB can exert is of great importance as, in terms of reproduction, information is limited. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of MePB on porcine oocyte viability and in vitro maturation (IVM), as well as to determine the lethal concentration at 50% (LC50) and the maturation inhibition concentration at 50% (MIC50). Oocytes were exposed to different MePB concentrations 0 (control), 50, 100, 500, 750 and 1000 μm during 44 h of IVM. Cytoplasmic alterations and reduced cumulus cell expansion were observed in oocytes exposed to MePB; however, viability was not affected. In addition, oocyte maturation decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner after exposure to MePB. The estimated LC50 was 2028.38 μm, whereas MIC50 was 780.31 μm. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates that MePB altered porcine oocyte morphology, and caused a reduction in cumulus cell expansion, both of which resulted in decreased oocyte maturation. Therefore, MePB exposure may be one of the factors involved in fertility impairment in mammals, including that of humans.
Thermal variability during ectotherm egg incubation: A synthesis and framework
Authors: Massey Melanie D. , Hutchings Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2020

Natural populations of ectothermic oviparous vertebrates typically experience thermal variability in their incubation environment. Yet an overwhelming number of laboratory studies incubate animals under constant thermal conditions that cannot capture natural thermal variability. Here, we systematically searched for studies that incubated eggs of ectothermic vertebrates, including both fishes and herpetofauna, under thermally variable regimes. We ultimately developed a compendium of 66 studies that used thermally variable conditions for egg incubation. In this review, we qualitatively discuss key findings from literature in the compendium, including the phenotypic effects resulting from different patterns of thermally variable incubation, as well as the ontogenetic persistence of these effects. We also describe a physiological framework for contextualizing some of these effects, based on thermal performance theory. Lastly, we highlight key gaps in our understanding of thermally variable incubation and offer suggestions for future studies.
Thermal physiology responds to interannual temperature shifts in a montane horned lizard, Phrynosoma orbiculare
Authors: Domínguez‐Guerrero Saúl F. , Bodensteiner Brooke L. , Pardo‐Ramírez Alexis , Aguillón‐Gutierrez David R. , Méndez‐de la Cruz Fausto R. , Muñoz Martha M.
Published: August 2020

As climate change marches on, rapidly rising temperatures shatter records every year, presenting ever‐growing physiological challenges to organisms worldwide. Ectotherms rely on behavioral and physiological plasticity to contend with environmental fluctuations. Nonetheless, our understanding of thermal plasticity has been largely limited to laboratory settings. Here, we test whether aspects of thermal physiology respond to interannual shifts in thermal environment in a natural population of Phrynosoma orbiculare, a montane horned lizard, from Hidalgo, Mexico. At our field site, 2019 was markedly warmer than the year that preceded it. We detected population‐level increases in three key thermal physiological traits: preferred temperature, the critical thermal minimum, and the critical thermal maximum. Thus, thermal phenotypes appear to shift in tandem in response to environmental fluctuations. A subset of individuals were resampled across years, allowing insight into plastic shifts within an organism's lifetime. We detected parallel increases in these lizards for the preferred temperature and the critical thermal minimum, but not for the critical thermal maximum. Our results support a growing body of literature indicating that preferred conditions and cold tolerance can be highly labile over the course of an organism's lifetime, whereas hardening over shorter time periods is more common for heat tolerance. Given that heat tolerance increased at the population‐level, but not in resampled individuals, it is possible that rapid evolution occurred due to temperature increases. In short, physiological shifts can be observed in natural populations over relatively short timespans, and these shifts might reflect a combination of evolutionary and acclimatory responses.
Autologous stem cell rescue recipient with neutrophil tissue delivery detected prior to blood engraftment: A case report
Authors: Tbakhi Bushra , Furqan Fateeha , Scott Glynis , Liesveld Jane L. , Aljitawi Omar S.
Published: August 2020

Neutrophil recovery after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (ASCT) is affirmed with achievement of an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of ≥500/µL. There is growing evidence that neutrophils may be observed despite undetectable peripheral ANC counts following autologous hematopoietic cell transplant and are preferentially delivered to sites of inflammation. We report an interesting case that confirms neutrophil tissue delivery to the skin two days prior to evidence of blood engraftment after an ASCT.
Rumen bacteria and meat fatty acid composition of Sunit sheep reared under different feeding regimens in China
Authors: Wang Bohui , Luo Yulong , Wang Yu , Wang Debao , Hou Yanru , Yao Duo , Tian Jianjun , Jin Ye
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Rumen bacteria play a critical role in feed degradation and productivity. This study evaluated the impact of feeding regimen on the rumen microbial populations and fatty acid composition of the meat of sheep. Twenty‐four Sunit sheep were raised on a grass pasture from birth to 9 months of age, at which time they were randomly divided into two feeding groups: pasture feeding (PF) and barn feeding (BF). Sheep in the PF group were allowed to graze freely on wild grassland for 3 months. Sheep in the BF group were confined for 3 months to a dry barn, in which they roamed freely with corn straw and corn.

RESULTS

Sheep in the PF group had greater rumen bacteria diversity. The relative abundances of the genera Butyrivibrio_2, Saccharofermentans and Succiniclasticum were increased, and that of the genus RC9_gut_group was decreased, in the PF compared to the BF sheep. The n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were greater in meat from PF sheep than from BF sheep. In addition, the α‐linolenic acid (C18:3 n‐3, ALA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents were positively correlated with the abundance of Butyrivibrio_2.

CONCLUSION

Grazing may improve the diversity of rumen bacteria and increase the proportion of ALA and CLA in sheep meat. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrospinning and 3D bioprinting for intervertebral disc tissue engineering
Authors: De Pieri Andrea , Byerley Ann M. , Musumeci Catherine R. , Salemizadehparizi Fatemeh , Vanderhorst Maya A. , Wuertz‐Kozak Karin
Published: August 2020

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain and represents a massive socioeconomic burden. Current conservative and surgical treatments fail to restore native tissue architecture and functionality. Tissue engineering strategies, especially those based on 3D bioprinting and electrospinning, have emerged as possible alternatives by producing cell‐seeded scaffolds that replicate the structure of the IVD extracellular matrix. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements and limitations of 3D bioprinting and electrospinning for the treatment of IVD degeneration, focusing on future areas of research that may contribute to their clinical translation.
Leaching kinetics of electric arc furnace dust in nitric acid solutions
Authors: Zoraga Mert , Ilhan Sedat , Kalpakli Ahmet Orkun
Published: August 2020

Electric arc furnace dust contains mainly ZnO, ZnFe2O4, and iron oxides. In this study, chemical composition of ZnO, ZnFe2O4, and Fe2O3 and leaching kinetics of ZnO, ZnFe2O4, and Fe2O3 in HNO3 solutions were investigated. It was seen that the dissolution of ZnO is very fast, therefore the leaching kinetics of ZnO cannot be determined. Kinetic parameters and model equations were derived for the leaching of ZnFe2O4 and Fe2O3. Leaching kinetics of ZnFe2O4 was explained by the pseudohomogeneous reaction model. Activation energy and order of HNO3 concentration were found to be as 37.5 kJ mol−1 and 0.37, respectively. The model equation was derived as . It was determined that experimental data for the leaching kinetics of Fe2O3 best fit with the shrinking core model (SCM). Activation energy and order of HNO3 concentration were found to be as 51.5 kJ mol−1 and 0.67, respectively The model equation was derived using SCM as .
RETRACTED: ASPM predicts poor prognosis and regulates cell proliferation in bladder cancer
Authors: Gao Zhen‐Ya , Yu Fang , Jia Huan‐Xia , Ye Zhuo , Yao Shi‐Jie
Published: August 2020

Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, it is of great importance to investigate the molecular etiology associated with of BCa. Abnormal spindle‐like microcephaly associated gene (ASPM) is the human orthologous of the Drosophila abnormal spindle (asp) and the most commonly mutated gene of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. ASPM is overexpressed in several types of cancer cell lines and affects the progression and development of multiple types of cancers. However, its possible role in BCa progression is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated the possible involvement of ASPM in the progression of BCa. We noticed that high expression of ASPM was positively associated with the poor prognosis. Its knockdown could significantly inhibit the proliferation of BCa cells in vitro and in mice. Therefore, we thought ASPM could act as a promising therapeutic target for BCa.
Gene mutations associated with early onset familial Alzheimer’s disease in China: An overview and current status
Authors: Qin Qi , Yin Yunsi , Wang Yan , Lu Yuanyuan , Tang Yi , Jia Jianping
Published: August 2020

Background

Mutations of three causative genes, namely presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP), have been identified as the major causes of early‐onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD). The prevalence of causative gene mutations in patients with EOFAD has been reported in previous studies worldwide but remains unclear in China. The patients with these known mutations always show considerable clinical phenotypic variability. However, to date, there have been no detailed descriptions of the clinical phenotypes associated with these Chinese EOFAD mutations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe all of the known mutations in three EOFAD causative genes and genotype–phenotype correlations in Chinese patients with EOFAD.

Method

We systematically searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, CNKI, VIP, and WAN‐FANG databases to find Chinese EOFAD mutations in reports from inception through May 2020.

Result

We identified 31 studies reporting mutations of three causative genes in China. 10 mutations in APP gene, 27 mutations in PSEN1 gene and six mutations in PSEN2 were discovered in Chinese EOFAD. This review summarized all these probably pathogenic mutations as well as its clinical features. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systemic review of causative gene mutations in patients with EOFAD in China.

Conclusion

The analysis of the genetic and clinical phenotype correlations in this review supports the idea that the clinical phenotype might be influenced by specific genetic defects. It also suggests genetic testing and genotype–phenotype correlations are important for the accurate diagnosis and for understanding disease‐associated pathways and might also improve disease therapy and prevention.
Perrault syndrome: Clinical report and retrospective analysis
Authors: Pan Zhaoyu , Xu Hongen , Tian Yongan , Liu Danhua , Liu Huanfei , Li Ruijun , Dou Qian , Zuo Bin , Zhai Rongqun , Tang Wenxue , Lu Wei
Published: August 2020

Background

Perrault syndrome (PRLTS4; OMIM# 615300) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and only a few cases have been reported worldwide. We report a Chinese female characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and premature ovarian insufficiency.

Methods

We evaluated audiological, endocrine, and ultrasound examinations and examined the genetic causes using whole‐exome sequencing. We reviewed the literature to discuss the pathogenesis, genotype–phenotype correlation, treatment, and prevention of PRLTS4.

Results

Bioinformatic analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the LARS2 gene, c.880G>A (p.Glu294Lys), and c.2108T>C (p.Ile703Thr) which is a novel missense mutation, co‐segregated in this family. Taken together, the patient was clinically diagnosed as PRLTS4. The literature review showed that the phenotype for PRLTS4 varies widely, but the sensorineural hearing loss, increased gonadotropin levels, and amenorrhea occurred frequently. All reported mutations are highly conserved in mammals based on conservation analysis, and there is a mutation hotspot for PRLTS4.

Conclusion

This study expanded the mutation spectrum of LARS2 and is the first report of PRLTS4 in a Chinese family. Genetic testing plays an important role in early diagnosis of syndromic deafness and clinical genetic evaluation is essential to guide prevention.
A horizontally polarized end‐fire antenna with complete ground for 5G mmWave applications
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhao Chang , Yue Zhenzhen , Ren Aidi , Jia Yongtao
Published: August 2020

A novel design of horizontally polarized end‐fire antenna array with a complete ground (GND) for the fifth‐generation (5G) millimeter wave (mmWave) applications is proposed in this article. The antenna employs four dielectric layers with the relative permittivity successively increasing from top to bottom. Utilizing the refraction of the radiated waves between different dielectric layers, the uptilting of the beam in the end‐fire direction caused by the complete GND has been solved. A pair of butterfly dipole is fed by a balun to produce horizontal polarization. The simulated result shows that the proposed antenna unit achieves a fractional impedance bandwidth of 19.6% (24.25‐29.5 GHz) with the gain varying from 4.3 to 6.51 dBi. Based on the antenna element, a 1 × 4 antenna array is proposed. The isolation of the array is 17.6 dB. Besides, the end‐fire gain is 7.51 to 10.2 dBi over the frequency band of 24.25 to 29.5 GHz. And the beam scanning range of the array covers from −54° to +54°. A prototype is fabricated and measured, which validates the simulated results. Both the simulation and experiment results prove that the proposed antenna is promising for 5G mmWave applications.
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of lurasidone for acute schizophrenia: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of phase 3 trials in Japan
Authors: Kishi Taro , Nosaka Tadashi , Sakuma Kenji , Okuya Makoto , Iwata Nakao
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Considering that the efficacy results of the Japan lurasidone phase 3 trials for acute schizophrenia were inconsistent, we conducted a systematic review and a random‐effect model network meta‐analysis of those trials to examine whether lurasidone was beneficial for the treatment of Japanese patients with acute schizophrenia.

Methods

The study included the double‐blind, randomized trial in Japan that included patients with acute schizophrenia. Efficacy outcomes were improvement of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score (PANSS‐T, primary), positive (PANSS‐P), negative (PANSS‐N), and general (PANSS‐G) subscale scores; and Clinical Global Impression‐Severity Scale (CGI‐S) score and response rate. Other outcomes were discontinuation rates and incidence of individual adverse events.

Results

We included four studies (n = 1,608). Although both lurasidone 40 mg/d (LUR40) and 80 mg/d (LUR80) outperformed placebo in PANSS‐T [standardized mean difference (95% credible interval): LUR40 = −0.298 (−0.420, −0.176), LUR80 = −0.170 (−0.320, −0.019)], PANSS‐P, and CGI‐S scores, LUR40 but not LUR80 outperformed placebo in PANSS‐N and PANSS‐G scores and response rate. LUR40 outperformed LUR80 regarding PANSS‐G score. Both LUR40 and LUR80 were associated with a higher incidence of akathisia, somnolence, and increased body weight compared with placebo. Compared with placebo, LUR40 was associated with a higher incidence of weight gain (≥7%), and LUR80 was associated with a higher incidence of dystonia and weight loss (≥7%) and higher Drug‐Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale score.

Conclusions

Both LUR40 and LUR80 improved overall symptoms in Japanese patients with acute schizophrenia. However, LUR80 seemed to have a risk of extrapyramidal symptoms.
Antifungal activity of rapamycin on Botryosphaeria dothidea and its effect against Chinese hickory canker
Authors: Jiang Hong , Rao Yuxin , Mei Li , Wang Yongjun
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The trunk canker caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is a devastating disease for Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) in China. Chemical fungicides are commonly and repeatedly applied to control the disease; however, fungicide application raises major environmental and food safety issues. Ecofriendly biocontrol alternatives were urgently needed. Herein, the antifungal activity of a natural secondary metabolite, rapamycin, against B. dothidea and the effect of a rapamycin‐producing Streptomyces hygroscopicus on C. cathayensis canker were investigated.

RESULTS

The 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of rapamycin against mycelial growth and spore germination on the potato dextrose agar were 5.1 × 10−3 and 5.5× 10−2 μg mL–1, respectively, which were much lower than the EC50 values of thiophanate‐methyl. The hyphae of B. dothidea exhibited premature aging and wrinkling after treatment with rapamycin at 5.0 × 10−3 μg mL–1. A rapamycin‐producing bacterium S. hygroscopicus LYJ637 was batch produced and formulated in a carboxymethylcellulose/poly (vinyl alcohol) (CMC/PVA) blend and used for testing the efficiency of the bacterium in controlling Botryosphaeria canker in C. cathayensis. S. hygroscopicus exhibited high stability in the CMC/PVA blend. Results of a 3‐year field experiment suggested that rapamycin formation reduced the occurrence of both developed cankers and new cankers, with an efficacy comparable to the treatment with thiophanate‐methyl.

CONCLUSION

The rapamycin‐producing S. hygroscopicus LYJ637 carried in a CMC/PVA blend prevented effectively Botryosphaeria canker on Chinese hickory, which provides an alternative approach to chemical control strategies.
Template‐Mediated Assembly of DNA into Microcapsules for Immunological Modulation
Authors: Qu Yijiao , Ju Yi , Cortez‐Jugo Christina , Lin Zhixing , Li Shiyao , Zhou Jiajing , Ma Yutian , Glab Agata , Kent Stephen J. , Cavalieri Francesca , Caruso Frank
Published: August 2020

There is a need for effective vaccine delivery systems and vaccine adjuvants without extraneous excipients that can compromise or minimize their efficacy. Vaccine adjuvants cytosine–phosphate–guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) can effectively activate immune responses to secrete cytokines. However, CpG ODNs are not stable in serum due to enzymatic cleavage and are difficult to transport through cell membranes. Herein, DNA microcapsules made of CpG ODNs arranged into 3D nanostructures are developed to improve the serum stability and immunostimulatory effect of CpG. The DNA microcapsules allow encapsulation and co‐delivery of cargoes, including glycogen. The DNA capsules, with >4 million copies of CpG motifs per capsule, are internalized in cells and accumulate in endosomes, where the Toll‐like receptor 9 is engaged by CpG. The capsules induce up to 10‐fold and 20‐fold increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6 secretion, respectively, in RAW264.7 cells compared with CpG ODNs. Furthermore, the microcapsules stimulate TNF‐α and IL‐6 secretion in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. The immunostimulatory activity of the capsules correlates to their intracellular trafficking, endosomal confinement, and degradation, assessed by confocal and super‐resolution microscopy. These DNA capsules can serve as both adjuvants to stimulate an immune reaction and vehicles to encapsulate vaccine peptides/genes to achieve synergistic immune effects.
Orientation Regulation of Photoactive Layer in Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Allylammonium Cations
Authors: Zhao Ziran , Gu Feidan , Wang Chengbo , Zhan Ge , Zheng Nanlong , Bian Zuqiang , Liu Zhiwei
Published: August 2020

The low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin‐based perovskite solar cells is mainly caused by severe Sn2+ oxidation and trap state formation. Herein, the reduction of Sn4+ content and trap density is realized through the formation of quasi‐2D tin‐based perovskite by incorporating allylammonium (ALA) cations into formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3). The composition modification substantially enhances the crystallinity and morphology of the perovskite films, leading to a preferred crystal orientation that facilitates charge carrier transport. After optimization, a high maximum PCE of 9.48% is achieved in a planar p‐i‐n photovoltaic device based on (ALA)2(FA)n−1SnnX3n+1 ( = 25). In the meantime, the device also shows improved stability compared with the FASnI3‐based one.
Cracking behavior of basalt fibre reinforced polymer‐reinforced concrete: An approach for the determination of crack spacing and crack width
Authors: Hofmann Sebastian , Tran Ngoc Linh , Proske Tilo , Graubner Carl‐Alexander
Published: August 2020

The limitation of the crack width is of central importance for the design in the serviceability limit state. For FRP‐reinforced concrete members, the crack width has to be limited for service condition in use and not due to corrosion protection. In this paper, an experimental program of pull‐out tests and slender concrete cylinders with basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer rebars under centric tension load is presented. The used basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer rebars are sand coated and have in addition a helically wrapped thread for a decent profiling. Equations to calculate crack spacing and crack width of FRP‐reinforced concrete is derived and calibrated with the obtained experimental results. Finally, the equations are verified with experimental data from other authors and a crack model is given for reinforced concrete members with FRP rebars with a helically wrapped and sand coated surface.
“Technically an EL”: The Production of Raciolinguistic Categories in a Dual Language School
Authors: Flores Nelson , Phuong Jennifer , Venegas Karla M.
Published: August 2020

Discourses of languagelessness that suggest that Latinxs are not fully proficient in either English or Spanish have a long history in the United States. These discourses produce raciolinguistic categories that frame the bilingualism of Latinxs as deficient and in need of remediation. In this article, the researchers examine one such raciolinguistic category: students in dual language programs who are classified as both English learners and first language (L1) users of English. The authors offer case studies of three students who fit this linguistic profile. They examine the ways that teachers working with these students struggle to make sense of this raciolinguistic category and often resort to discourses of languagelessness as an explanation. The researchers document the ways that these discourses negatively impact the educational supports provided to the students. The authors end with a call for developing new conceptualizations of the language practices of Latinx students in these programs that resist discourses of languagelessness and, instead, frame the fluid bilingualism of these students as a resource for learning.