bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoupled implementation? Incident reporting in Chinese shipping
Authors: Xue Conghua , Tang Lijun , Walters David
Published: March 2018

The occupational health and safety record is relatively poor in shipping and under-reporting of incidents is a concern in the industry. Much previous research investigated why workers did not report; this article shifts the focus to examine whether management genuinely welcomes safety-related reports in the context of Chinese chemical shipping. It reveals a functional decoupling between policy and practice related to incident reporting despite external monitoring. While companies had policies and procedures to encourage reporting, in practice the management associated seafarer competence with the number of problems reported and discouraged the crew from reporting problems which would be difficult or costly to solve. The findings suggest that to address the issue of under-reporting, it is more appropriate to deal with the problem of decoupling than to focus on changing crew’s behaviour.
Smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitization causes hypercontractility of middle cerebral arteries in mice bearing the familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 associated mutation
Authors: Staehr Christian , Hangaard Lise , Bouzinova Elena V , Kim Sukhan , Rajanathan Rajkumar , Boegh Jessen Peter , Luque Nathan , Xie Zijian , Lykke-Hartmann Karin , Sandow Shaun L , Aalkjaer Christian , Matchkov Vladimir V
Published: March 2018

Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) is associated with inherited point-mutations in the Na,K-ATPase α2 isoform, including G301R mutation. We hypothesized that this mutation affects specific aspects of vascular function, and thus compared cerebral and systemic arteries from heterozygote mice bearing the G301R mutation (Atp1a2+/−G301R) with wild type (WT). Middle cerebral (MCA) and mesenteric small artery (MSA) function was compared in an isometric myograph. Cerebral blood flow was assessed with Laser speckle analysis. Intracellular Ca2+ and membrane potential were measured simultaneously. Protein expression was semi-quantified by immunohistochemistry. Protein phosphorylation was analysed by Western blot. MSA from Atp1a2+/−G301R and WT showed similar contractile responses. The Atp1a2+/−G301R MCA constricted stronger to U46619, endothelin and potassium compared to WT. This was associated with an increased depolarization, although the Ca2+ change was smaller than in WT. The enhanced constriction of Atp1a2+/−G301R MCA was associated with increased cSrc activation, stronger sensitization to [Ca2+]i and increased MYPT1 phosphorylation. These differences were abolished by cSrc inhibition. Atp1a2+/−G301R mice had reduced resting blood flow through MCA in comparison with WT mice . FHM2-associated mutation leads to elevated contractility of MCA due to sensitization of the contractile machinery to Ca2+, which is mediated via Na,K-ATPase/Src-kinase/MYPT1 signalling.
Reactivity of larger intracranial arteries using 7 T MRI in young adults
Authors: Al-Khazraji Baraa K , Shoemaker Leena N , Gati Joseph S , Szekeres Trevor , Shoemaker J Kevin
Published: March 2018

The larger intracranial conduit vessels contribute to the total cerebral vascular resistance, and understanding their vasoreactivity to physiological stimuli is required when attempting to understand regional brain perfusion. Reactivity of the larger cerebral conduit arteries remains understudied due to a need for improved imaging methods to simultaneously assess these vessels in a single stimulus. We characterized reactivity of basal intracranial conduit arteries (basilar, right and left posterior, middle and anterior cerebral arteries) and the right and left internal carotid arteries, to manipulations in end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2). Cross-sectional area changes (%CSA) were evaluated from high-resolution (0.5 mm isotropic) images collected at 7 T using a T1-weighted 3D SPACE pulse sequence, providing high contrast between vessel lumen and surrounding tissue. Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated as %CSA/ΔPetCO2 in eight healthy individuals (18–23 years) during normocapnia (41 ± 4 mmHg), hypercapnia (48 ± 4 mmHg; breathing 5% CO2, balance oxygen), and hypocapnia (31 ± 8 mmHg; via hyperventilation). Reactivity to hypercapnia ranged from 0.8%/mmHg in the right internal carotid artery to 2.7%/mmHg in the left anterior cerebral artery. During hypocapnia, vasoconstriction ranged from 0.9%/mmHg in the basilar artery to 2.6%/mmHg in the right posterior cerebral artery. Heterogeneous cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia and hypocapnia was characterized across basal intracranial conduit and internal carotid arteries.
Usefulness of ultrasound assessment of median nerve mobility in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Park Gi-young , Kwon Dong Rak , Seok Jung Im , Park Dong-Soon , Cho Hee Kyung
Published: March 2018

Background

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral compression neuropathy of the upper extremity. Recently, dynamic ultrasound (US) imaging has shown differences in median nerve mobility between the affected and unaffected sides in CTS.

Purpose

The present study was performed to compare the median nerve mobility between patients with CTS and healthy individuals, and to correlate median nerve mobility with the severity of CTS.

Material and Methods

A total of 101 patients (128 wrists) with CTS and 43 healthy individuals (70 wrists) were evaluated. Electrodiagnostic studies were initially conducted to determine the neurophysiological grading scale (NGS). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve and the grade of median nerve mobility were measured using US.

Results

The mean grade of median nerve mobility in the CTS group (1.9) was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.6; P < 0.001). There were significant negative correlations between the grade of median nerve mobility and distal motor latency of the median nerve (r = –0.218, P = 0.015), NGS (r = –0.207, P = 0.020) and CSA of the median nerve (r = –0.196, P = 0.028).

Conclusion

The grade of median nerve mobility was negatively correlated with the severity of CTS. US assessment of median nerve mobility may be useful in diagnosing and determining the severity of CTS.
Medial Elbow Joint Space Increases With Valgus Stress and Decreases When Cued to Perform A Maximal Grip Contraction
Authors: Pexa Brett S. , Ryan Eric D. , Myers Joseph B.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Previous research indicates that the amount of valgus torque placed on the elbow joint during overhead throwing is higher than the medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) can tolerate. Wrist and finger flexor muscle activity is hypothesized to make up for this difference, and in vitro studies that simulated activity of upper extremity musculature, specifically the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi ulnaris, support this hypothesis.

Purpose:

To assess the medial elbow joint space at rest, under valgus stress, and under valgus stress with finger and forearm flexor contraction by use of ultrasonography in vivo.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Participants were 22 healthy males with no history of elbow dislocation or UCL injury (age, 21.25 ± 1.58 years; height, 1.80 ± 0.08 m; weight, 79.43 ± 18.50 kg). Medial elbow joint space was measured by use of ultrasonography during 3 separate conditions: at rest (unloaded), under valgus load (loaded), and with a maximal grip contraction under a valgus load (loaded-contracted) in both limbs. Participants lay supine with their arm abducted 90° and elbow flexed 30° with the forearm in full supination. A handgrip dynamometer was placed in the participants’ hand to grip against during the contracted condition. Images were reduced in ImageJ to assess medial elbow joint space. A 2-way (condition × limb) repeated-measures analysis of variance and Cohen’s d effect sizes were used to assess changes in medial elbow joint space. Post hoc testing was performed with a Bonferroni adjustment to assess changes within limb and condition.

Results:

The medial elbow joint space was significantly larger in the loaded condition (4.91 ± 1.16 mm) compared with the unloaded condition (4.26 ± 1.23 mm, P < .001, d = 0.712) and the loaded-contracted condition (3.88 ± 0.94 mm, P < .001, d = 1.149). No significant change was found between the unloaded and loaded-contracted conditions ( P = .137).

Conclusion:

Medial elbow joint space increases under a valgus load and then decreases when a maximal grip contraction is performed. This indicates that wrist and finger flexor muscle contraction may assist in limiting medial elbow joint space, a result similar to findings of previous research in vitro.

Clinical Relevance:

Muscle activation of the upper extremity limits the medial elbow joint space, suggesting that injury prevention programs for throwing athletes should incorporate exercises for the elbow, wrist, and hand to limit excessive medial elbow joint space gapping during activities that create high valgus load.
Media Guidelines for Reporting on Suicide: 2017 Update of the Canadian Psychiatric Association Policy Paper
Authors: Sinyor Mark , Schaffer Ayal , Heisel Marnin J. , Picard André , Adamson Gavin , Cheung Christian P. , Katz Laurence Y. , Jetly Rakesh , Sareen Jitender
Published: March 2018

This paper has been substantially revised by the Canadian Psychiatric Association’s Research Committee and approved for republication by the CPA’s Board of Directors on May 3, 2017. The original policy paper1 was developed by the Scientific and Research Affairs Standing Committee and approved by the Board of Directors on November 10, 2008.
End-of-Life Care for an Undocumented Mexican Immigrant
Authors: Karapetyan Lilit , Dawani Om , Laird-Fick Heather S.
Published: March 2018

The immigrant population in the United States has grown over the past years. Undocumented immigrants account for 14.6% of the uninsured population in the United States. Decisions about end-of-life treatment are often difficult to reach in the best of situations. We present a 43-year-old undocumented Mexican female immigrant with metastatic sarcomatoid squamous cell cervical cancer and discuss the barriers that she faced during her treatment. Limited English proficiency, living below the poverty line, low level of education, and lack access to Medicare, Medicaid, or other insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act are major causes of decreased health-care access and service utilization by the immigrant population. Latinos are less likely to be referred to hospice by oncologists, and nearly a third of hospice agencies offer limited or no services to undocumented immigrants. Undocumented immigrants with terminal diagnoses generally do not have access to comprehensive or multidisciplinary follow-up treatment. Instead, one of their few options is to return to their home countries without any long-term treatment. This article discusses the many barriers and proposes areas for reform.
Advanced Cancer Patients’ Perceptions of Dignity
Authors: Kostopoulou Sotiria , Parpa Efi , Tsilika Eleni , Katsaragakis Stylianos , Papazoglou Irene , Zygogianni Anna , Galanos Antonis , Mystakidou Kyriaki
Published: March 2018

Purpose:

The present study assesses the relationship between patient dignity in advanced cancer and the following variables: psychological distress, preparatory grief, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 120 patients with advanced cancer. The self-administered questionnaires were as follows: the Preparatory Grief in Advanced Cancer Patients (PGAC), the Patient Dignity Inventory–Greek (PDI-Gr), the Greek Schedule for Attitudes toward Hastened Death (G-SAHD), and the Greek version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (G-HADS).

Results:

Moderate to strong statistically significant correlations were found between the 4 subscales of PDI-Gr (psychological distress, body image and role identity, self-esteem, and social support) with G-HADS, G-SAHD, and PGAC ( P < .005), while physical distress and dependency was moderately correlated with depression. Multifactorial analyses showed that preparatory grief, depression, and age influenced psychological distress, while preparatory grief, depression, and performance status influenced body image and role identity.

Conclusions:

Preparatory grief, psychological distress, and physical symptoms had significant associations with perceptions of dignity among patients with advanced cancer. Clinicians should assess and attend to dignity-distressing factors in the care of patients with advanced cancer.
Genetics and Crime: Integrating New Genomic Discoveries Into Psychological Research About Antisocial Behavior
Authors: Wertz J. , Caspi A. , Belsky D. W. , Beckley A. L. , Arseneault L. , Barnes J. C. , Corcoran D. L. , Hogan S. , Houts R. M. , Morgan N. , Odgers C. L. , Prinz J. A. , Sugden K. , Williams B. S. , Poulton R. , Moffitt T. E.
Published: March 2018

Drawing on psychological and sociological theories of crime causation, we tested the hypothesis that genetic risk for low educational attainment (assessed via a genome-wide polygenic score) is associated with criminal offending. We further tested hypotheses of how polygenic risk relates to the development of antisocial behavior from childhood through adulthood. Across the Dunedin and Environmental Risk (E-Risk) birth cohorts of individuals growing up 20 years and 20,000 kilometers apart, education polygenic scores predicted risk of a criminal record with modest effects. Polygenic risk manifested during primary schooling in lower cognitive abilities, lower self-control, academic difficulties, and truancy, and it was associated with a life-course-persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that onsets in childhood and persists into adulthood. Crime is central in the nature-nurture debate, and findings reported here demonstrate how molecular-genetic discoveries can be incorporated into established theories of antisocial behavior. They also suggest that improving school experiences might prevent genetic influences on crime from unfolding.
A Formal Psychological Model of Classification Applied to Natural-Science Category Learning
Authors: Nosofsky Robert M. , Sanders Craig A. , McDaniel Mark A.
Published: March 2018

The field of psychological science has seen major advances in the development of formal models of perceptual classification learning; however, little work has tested such models in real-world natural-category domains. In our current project, we aim to fill that gap by testing the ability of a formal exemplar model of classification to predict learning of rock categories in the geologic sciences. As a prerequisite for testing the model in this domain, we have conducted extensive work to derive a high-dimensional feature-space representation for the rock stimuli. An eight-dimensional representation yields good accounts of naive participants’ judgments of similarity among a large battery of rock-picture samples; furthermore, the eight dimensions have natural psychological interpretations. We then use the exemplar model in combination with the derived feature-space representation to successfully predict participants’ learning and generalization of a variety of scientifically defined rock categories. We discuss further steps for making use of the model and its associated feature-space representation to search for effective techniques of teaching categories in the science classroom.
Investigating style evolution of Western classical music: A computational approach
Authors: Weiß Christof , Mauch Matthias , Dixon Simon , Müller Meinard
Published: March 2018

In musicology, there has been a long debate about a meaningful partitioning and description of music history regarding composition styles. Particularly, concepts of historical periods have been criticized since they cannot account for the continuous and interwoven evolution of style. To systematically study this evolution, large corpora are necessary suggesting the use of computational strategies. This article presents such strategies and experiments relying on a dataset of 2000 audio recordings, which cover more than 300 years of music history. From the recordings, we extract different tonal features. We propose a method to visualize these features over the course of history using evolution curves. With the curves, we re-trace hypotheses concerning the evolution of chord transitions, intervals, and tonal complexity. Furthermore, we perform unsupervised clustering of recordings across composition years, individual pieces, and composers. In these studies, we found independent evidence of historical periods that broadly agrees with traditional views as well as recent data-driven experiments. This shows that computational experiments can provide novel insights into the evolution of styles.
Recent developments in suicide prevention among the Indigenous peoples of Australia
Authors: Dudgeon Pat , Holland Christopher
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

Suicide is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter ‘Indigenous’) population health issue. Over 2015–2016, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Suicide Prevention Project (ATSISPEP) aimed to identify success factors in Indigenous suicide prevention.

Conclusions:

For non-Indigenous practitioners working with indigenous clients at risk of suicide, ATSISPEP identified important considerations to make treatment more effective. The start is acknowledging the differences in the historical, cultural, political, social and economic experiences of Indigenous peoples, and their greater exposure to trauma, psychological distress and risks to mental health. These mental health difficulties are specific and more prevalent amongst Indigenous peoples and communities due to the ongoing impacts of colonisation in Australia including a range of social determinants impacting on the well-being of Indigenous peoples today. Working effectively with Indigenous clients also includes being able to establish culturally safe work environments, and the ability of non-Indigenous practitioners to work in a culturally competent and trauma-informed manner. There are also considerations regarding time protocols and client follow-up. Further, postvention responses might be required. Supporting selective suicide prevention activity among younger people (and other groups at increased risk) and community-level work is an important complement to working with Indigenous individuals at risk of suicide.
Teaching Students Self-Advertising/Marketing Skills in the Age of Social Media: Designing an Experiential Exercise
Authors: Myers Jun , Czepiec Helena , Roxas Juanita , Whitson Debbora
Published: March 2018

After finding that college students are unlikely to use social media for self-advertising/marketing, this paper presents a pedagogical tool to help advertising educators teach them how. The experiential exercise is based on an e-marketing planning process where students conduct a situation analysis, differentiate their brand and set forth personal goals and objectives. Students use social media to promote themselves to employers, their small businesses, hobbies or social causes. Students consider the exercise to be effective in deepening their understanding of how strategic planning can enhance their self-marketing/advertising skills.
Class Communication Options: Making the Most of Web-based Tools
Authors: Boostrom Robert E.
Published: March 2018

Tools such as Blackboard and D2L are available today for managing class information and keeping students up-to-date. However, as technology improvements increase the number of tools available on the Web for all purposes, instructors have opportunities to improve class communication by using tools that were not designed specifically with education in mind. These Web-based tools are seen as options that can either augment or fully replace the use of tools that universities make available for instructors. This paper first outlines three broad class communication categories: content distribution, asynchronous communication and synchronous communication. With each categorization, tools are discussed, and URLs associated with the tools are provided. This article contributes to the growing literature on Internet technologies that can be leveraged to improve the classroom experience.
An Investigation of Computer-Mediated Instructional Immediacy in Online Education: A Comparison of Graduate and Undergraduate Students’ Motivation to Learn
Authors: Kelly Stephanie , Fall Lisa
Published: March 2018

For more than 30 years, instructors have relied on instructional immediacy to inspire motivation for learning in students. However, the introduction of online classes has eliminated the utility of many of the previously used cues of instructional immediacy. Previous studies in instructional immediacy displayed through computer-mediated communication (CMC) have made the assumption that verbal displays of instructional immediacy are still perceived as immediate when displayed through CMC. This study first explores the role of instructional communication in the online classroom by validating findings of previous research that instructional immediacy is positively related to student learning by measuring instructional immediacy though indicators that are unique to CMC. Second, this study compares the effectiveness of computer-mediated instructional immediacy and motivation between graduate and undergraduate students. Finally, the predictive power of student motivation and instructional communication are examined in relation to learning loss in the online classroom. The findings of this study imply that, although computer-mediated instructional immediacy has a more substantively significant effect on undergraduate students than graduate students, instructional communication plays a strong role in learning outcomes in the online environment.
Teaching Consumer Analytics in Advertising and IMC Courses: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Chennamaneni Pavan , Lala Vishal , Srivastava Prashant , Chakraborty Goutam
Published: March 2018

Advertising effectiveness has always been difficult to measure due to its complicated impact on the bottom line. The emergence of new channels of communication such as social media, mobile and search has further complicated matters. At the same time, marketers are facing increasing pressure to measure and improve return on investment. In this context, the proper use of customer analytics to gain insights and increase efficiency is crucial. While the industry expects students to enter the workforce with adequate training in analytics, students choosing advertising and marketing majors exhibit high levels of aversion to math and statistics. In order to bridge this gap between student aversion and industry expectation, advertising and IMC courses need to incorporate customer analytics concepts into the curriculum. In this article we discuss various consumer analytics elements that can be incorporated into advertising and IMC curriculum and suggest some resources that can aid the teaching of analytics. In addition, we also discuss some of the challenges in teaching analytics and provide a few suggestions to overcome these challenges.
50 Ways to Enhance Student Career Success in and out of Advertising and Marketing Classrooms
Authors: Spiller Lisa D. , Marold David W. , Markovitz Harvey , Sandler Dennis
Published: March 2018

Educators share the responsibility of preparing the next generation of advertising and marketing professionals by teaching state-of-the-art concepts and strategies. The challenge is how to equip students with the relevant skills they need to think critically and creatively while applying the theories and concepts they have learned in their advertising and marketing courses to real-world business scenarios. The objective of this paper is to showcase 50 innovative teaching techniques used in graduate and undergraduate advertising and marketing courses to prepare students for career success and to empower faculty by sharing tips on how to successfully infuse these teaching components into their courses. Each technique is tagged with the appropriate learning objective according to Bloom's Taxonomy. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges educators face in delivering a relevant education to students in today's world.
Quality of Work and Team Spirit as Drivers of Student Peer Evaluation on Advertising Group Project Performance
Authors: Kim Jooyoung , Baek Tae Hyun , Kim Daehyun
Published: March 2018

Using the evaluation traits typically adopted by college instructors, this study investigates the dimensions of peer evaluation criteria used by college students in advertising management and campaigns courses and examines their effects on overall peer evaluation under the influence of three moderating self-related concepts: self-esteem, self-competence and goal orientations (i.e., learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation). The results, from Study 1 suggest Quality of Work and Team Spirit as two important factors for students’ evaluation of their peers. The moderating effects of self-related concepts from Study 2 indicate that students with high self-esteem and high self-competence use Quality of Work predominantly, while students with high learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation use both Quality of Work and Team Spirit for peer evaluations. Overall, the findings indicate that students use Quality of Work more strongly in evaluating their team peers, compared to Team Spirit.
Let Me in: A Document Analysis of Essays Written by Applicants to an Advertising Degree Program
Authors: Taylor Ronald E.
Published: March 2018

An analysis of 145 essays written by students seeking admission to an advertising degree program at a large Southeastern university revealed several reasons for pursuing a major in advertising. Whether students saw themselves as having an expressive orientation or a management orientation, or both, they felt they were a “good fit” for the profession. Students called upon a variety of experiences including classes, jobs and internships to help them choose a major. Students believe that majoring in advertising will lead to career success, and most see themselves headed to careers in creative types of work at the time they enter the major.
The Current Status of Digital Media Education in Advertising and Other Communication Disciplines
Authors: Kim Hyojin
Published: March 2018

Rapid technological advancements in the advertising industry coupled with the economic downturn have placed heavy pressure on advertising educators to prepare students for competitive job markets. They face multiple challenges of keeping up with fast-paced industry changes and balancing digital skills and core conceptual knowledge in their curriculum. The analysis of digital media curricula in 185 major communication schools revealed that advertising/PR courses had a more balanced emphasis on skills and conceptual knowledge than journalism, telecommunication and business/marketing courses. This pedagogical focus did not differ significantly by the type of educational institutions. Implications for future curriculum development for digital media education are discussed.
Multilingual Teaching in an American Advertising Course: Implementation and Assessment
Authors: Newell Jay , Li Nai-Se , Zhang Yi (Leaf)
Published: March 2018

This case study explores the use of multiple languages within a large Advertising Principles course in a US university. Course support materials—slides and syllabi–were provided in two languages, English and Chinese. Acceptance was measured through an online survey. Behavioral outcomes were measured through classroom observations and test score analysis’. Acceptance was high among both international and domestic students. Compared to a prior semester, attention to classroom activities and adherence to course rules increased among international students, while attendance and test scores remained unchanged. Implications for advertising and journalism education are discussed.
Evaluation of a Joint Health Communication Campaign Simulation between an Ad/PR Capstone Course and a Health Communication Class
Authors: McCain Joan , Miller Ann Neville
Published: March 2018

A quasi-experimental study was conducted to assess attainment of assignment objectives plus course-level cognitive and affective learning for a joint simulation between an advertising/public relations capstone course and a health communication class. Two treatment and two control sections of the capstone course were compared over a period of two years. In comparison to the control condition, students in the treatment sections reported themselves more likely to continue to stay abreast of information about the subject matter covered in the course than students in the control condition, and viewed their campaigns as of higher quality. Differences with respect to confidence about ability to produce health communication campaigns in the real world, as well anticipation that they would talk about the topic after the semester was over, approached significance. No differences in cognitive learning emerged.
Web Site Design and Content Management Analysis: Opportunities for Service-Learning Projects
Authors: Hettche Matt , Clayton Michael
Published: March 2018

This amide examines the opportunity that marketing and advertising educators have to direct service-learning projects in interactive marketing for community partners who request help with a Web site upgrade or redesign. Service-learning pedagogy is based on the interaction and aligned interests of four distinct groups: faculty (as content specialists), students, the university (as a mission-driven social institution) and community partners. After discussing the goals and scope of service-learning and how it applies to business programs and advertising curricula, the paper outlines a process model for service-learning projects that focuses on Web site design and content management analysis. Theoretical frameworks, reference studies and tactical processes for project completion are examined and discussed.
Get Students Pinterested in Marketing and Advertising
Authors: Cronin John J.
Published: March 2018

Marketing and advertising educators continue to incorporate social network activities into their classroom and out-of-class assignments. The newest social network on the Internet, Pinterest, has two features that make it particularly useful in the classroom: 1) it is very easy to understand and use, and 2) it is visually, rather than textually oriented. An ancillary attraction is that Pinterest has a large audience of female users, which should appeal to the female members of the class. This paper presents ideas for using Pinterest to help students learn many topics in marketing, business communication and advertising. Student reactions to work assigned in Pinterest by the author and their opinions of Pinterest are included.
Soft Skills: The Difference between Leading and Leaving the Advertising Industry?
Authors: Windels Kasey , Mallia Karen L. , Broyles Sheri J.
Published: March 2018

Soft skills, such as communication skills and professionalism, have been shown to be important for entry-level positions in advertising. The skills measured in previous research have varied and lacked definition, thus no consensus has formed over the particular soft skills that are most vital in the industry. This quasi-ethnography is based on data from six advertising agencies and examined the specific soft skills needed. Findings suggest the most vital soft skills in advertising are those in critical thinking, persuasion, interpersonal communication and presentation. Implications for educators and practitioners are discussed.
Client-centered Skill Sets: What Small IMC Agencies need from College Graduates
Authors: Beachboard Martine Robinson , Weidman Lisa M.
Published: March 2018

The authors, whose students find work primarily in small organizations, sought to understand what preparation these employers expect from recent graduates seeking IMC jobs. The authors invited managers at IMC agencies in a mostly rural state to participate in a survey. The response rate was 63%. Results indicate that respondents want new hires with multiple types of expertise: strong communication ability, computer and new-media skills, a broad liberal arts education, the ability to think strategically and creatively, a professional work ethic, productivity and experience with working in teams. In addition, small-agency employers seek what the authors identify as “a client-centered business perspective”. They need every employee to understand the financial concerns of businesses and contribute to the bottom line. Implications for curriculum development and revision are discussed.
Using an Exemplar to Teach Attitudinal Formation, Attitudinal Change and Consumer Defense Mechanisms: The Motel Selection Problem
Authors: Van Auken Stuart
Published: March 2018

This teaching innovation addresses the complexity of introducing attitudinal formation and attitudinal change to students in advertising courses. It does so by using an exemplar framework that students can relate to: the motel selection process. The exemplar creates a lively discussion of choice criteria and serves as a framework to establish an attitude toward Motel 6. Once established, negative information is introduced to alter beliefs and to depict attitudinal change. Motel 6's response is presented and possible impediments to belief alterations are introduced through selective perception and perceptual bias. The exercise can be engaging and enjoyable for students.
Moving Participation beyond the Classroom: Who Benefits from Online Social Communities?
Authors: Clayton Michael J. , Hettche Matt , Kim Dae-Hee
Published: March 2018

The proliferation of social media, especially among traditional higher education students, leads many advertising educators to Facebook and other social media platforms to engage their students. This study examines student participation in a traditional face-to-face classroom setting and compares it with a concurrent online social media community of the same students. It considers whether social media can enhance student engagement in subject matter discussions. Results indicate that students who were the most active in a traditional classroom setting were also the most active in the accompanying digital community. While personality traits like extraversion may influence participation in both settings similarly, the authors conclude that student interest in subject matter may also play a critical role.
Using Blogs in the Marketing and Advertising Classroom: Exploratory Insights and Recommendations for Future Use
Authors: McCorkle Denny E. , Li McCorkle Yuhua , Payan Janice
Published: March 2018

The use of blogs in business and higher education is increasing, yet little is written about using blogs in marketing or advertising education. The authors review the literature about using blogs in higher education and explain their benefits and pedagogical importance for marketing, advertising, business and journalism/mass communications classes. An author's pedagogical experiences with using blogs in an e-Marketing course and with a study abroad program are described and the qualitative feedback from the student participants is reviewed. In general, students enjoyed their blogging experience, felt that they had improved their skills and recommended the tool's continued use. The authors' recommendations for using blogs in the marketing, advertising, business or journalism/ mass communications classroom and suggestions for further research are also presented.
Technology in the Idea Generation Process: Voices from the Agency
Authors: Blakeman Robyn , Taylor Maureen
Published: March 2018

Today's advertising students are digital natives who grew up embracing technology in all facets of their lives. This study reports the results of a survey of 39 advertising creatives and art directors as they described the role that technology plays in the conceptualization process at advertising agencies around the country. The findings suggest that idea generation is still developed with pen and paper, but that computers are best suited for the final designs, as the ideation process moves to production. The research findings suggest ways forward in advertising pedagogy, especially curricula in the design sequences, as advertising educators teach the next generation of creatives.
Applying Data Analytics to Social Media Advertising: A Twitter Advertising Campaign Case Study
Authors: Lou Shanshan
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a class case study of an assignment that asked students to use a Twitter follower report to design a Twitter advertising campaign. The purpose of this case study is to immerse students in a real social media environment and help them become familiar with analyzing social media data to develop advertising campaigns. Students' interview responses suggest that incorporating a project that requires social media analytics techniques in an advertising class can help them better understand the role of secondary research and database analysis in developing consumer profiles and making campaign decisions. The findings also suggest that students have a strong desire to work with secondary data in designing social media advertising campaigns. The advantages of data analytics should be further explored in advertising campaign classes to help students become successful campaign designers. Limitations and future research direction are also discussed.
Using Twitter in the Marketing and Advertising Classroom to Develop Skills for Social Media Marketing and Personal Branding
Authors: McCorkle Denny , Payan Janice
Published: March 2018

As use of social media continues to grow, there is evidence that student skills in social media marketing are inadequate to meet the needs of potential employers and that student skills in the professional use of social media for personal branding are limited. This paper presents details for implementing a Twitter project in a digital marketing course as a means of addressing these gaps. Student feedback on this project indicated that their skills in social media marketing, digital marketing and personal branding were improved. Suggestions for use of Twitter in other courses are also presented.
Using Super Bowl 2017 Commercials to Teach about Diversity
Authors: Lopez-Medel Ismael
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the idea of using advertising to facilitate difficult conversations about diversity, politics, race and gender in the classroom. In our current tense political climate, I explore how cultural competence can be developed in the classroom by introducing topics related to diversity through the viewing of Super Bowl 2017 commercials. This paper discusses the cultural competence model and the spiral of silence theory in the classroom and presents a case study developed in the Spring 2017 semester. The goal was to promote fruitful conversations about difficult topics, and the Super Bowl commercials proved to be the ideal tool. The course utilized for this activity was an introductory course to Public Relations. The method of analysis was an adaptation of Arthur Asa Berger's model of semiotic analysis of ads. The conversations revolved around three main issues: diversity, immigration and gender roles. The teaching experience fostered a healthy discussion and eased the initial reticence to engage in such difficult topics.
Use of lispro insulin for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in cats
Authors: Malerba Eleonora , Mazzarino Michela , Del Baldo Francesca , Corradini Sara , Carotenuto Gaia , Giunti Massimo , Fracassi Federico
Published: March 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lispro insulin for the treatment of feline diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Times to resolution of hyperglycaemia, ketosis and acidosis were compared between cats treated with continuous rate infusion (CRI) of lispro insulin and cats treated with CRI of regular insulin.

Methods

Client-owned cats with naturally occurring DKA, newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) or already receiving treatment for DM, were included. Diagnosis of DKA involved the presence of at least two clinical signs consistent with DKA (eg, polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia, severe lethargy, vomiting and dehydration), blood glucose (BG) concentration >13.9 mmol/l (>250 mg/dl), blood beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration >2.5 mmol/l and venous pH <7.3 or bicarbonate <15 mEq/l. Cats were treated with a standard protocol of an intravenous (IV) CRI of regular insulin (group R) or lispro insulin (group L). The time to resolution of DKA was defined as the time interval from when the IV CRI of insulin began until marked hyperglycaemia (BG >13.9 mmol/l [>250 mg/dl]), ketosis (BHB concentration >1 mmol/l) and acidosis (venous pH <7.3 and/or bicarbonate <15 mEq/l) resolved.

Results

Eighteen DKA cases (nine per group) were enrolled into the study. There were no significant differences in the median time to resolution of three variables (hyperglycaemia, ketosis and acidosis) between the two groups. Two cats in group R developed hypoglycaemia during the CRI of insulin. One cat in group L and three cats in group R developed hypophosphataemia, which required phosphate supplementation.

Conclusions and relevance

IV CRI of lispro insulin has few side effects and appears to be as effective as IV CRI of regular insulin in the treatment of cats with DKA.
Electrocardiography-controlled central venous catheter tip positioning in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Steinhagen Folkert , Kanthak Maximilian , Kukuk Guido , Bode Christian , Hoeft Andreas , Weber Stefan , Kim Se-Chan
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

A significant increase of the p-wave of a real-time intracavitary electrocardiography is a reliable and safe method to confirm the central venous catheter tip position close to the atrium. However, conflicting data about the feasibility of electrocardiography exist in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods:

An observational prospective case–control cohort study was set up to study the feasibility and accuracy of the electrocardiography-controlled central venous catheter tip placement in 13 patients with atrial fibrillation versus 10 patients with sinus rhythm scheduled for elective surgery. Each intervention was crosschecked with ultrasound-guided positioning via right supraclavicular fossa view and chest radiography. Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular venipuncture of the right subclavian vein and guidewire advancement were performed. A B-mode view of the superior vena cava and the right pulmonary artery was obtained to visualize the J-tip of the guidewire. The central venous catheter was advanced over the guidewire and the electrocardiography was derived from the J-tip of the guidewire protruding from the central venous catheter tip. Electrocardiography was read for increased p- and atrial fibrillation waves, respectively, and insertion depth was compared with the ultrasound method.

Results:

Electrocardiography indicated significantly increasing fibrillation and p-waves, respectively, in all patients and ultrasound-guided central venous catheter positioning confirmed a tip position within the lower third of the superior vena cava.

Conclusion:

Electrocardiography-guided central venous catheter tip positioning is a feasible real-time method for patients with atrial fibrillation. Combined with ultrasound, the electrocardiography-controlled central venous catheter placement may eliminate the need for postinterventional radiation exposure.
Infection of totally implantable venous access devices: A review of the literature
Authors: Pinelli Fulvio , Cecero Elena , Degl’Innocenti Dario , Selmi Valentina , Giua Rosa , Villa Gianluca , Chelazzi Cosimo , Romagnoli Stefano , Pittiruti Mauro
Published: March 2018

Totally implantable venous access devices, or ports, are essential in the therapeutic management of patients who require long-term intermittent intravenous therapy. Totally implantable venous access devices guarantee safe infusion of chemotherapy, blood transfusion, parenteral nutrition, as well as repeated blood samples. Minimizing the need for frequent vascular access, totally implantable venous access devices also improve the patient’s quality of life. Nonetheless, totally implantable venous access devices are not free from complications. Among those, infection is the most relevant, affecting patients’ morbidity and mortality—both in the hospital or outpatient setting—and increasing healthcare costs. Knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors of totally implantable venous access device–related infections is crucial to prevent this condition by adopting proper insertion bundles and maintenance bundles based on the best available evidence. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of infection are of paramount importance. As a totally implantable venous access device–related infection occurs, device removal or a conservative approach should be chosen in treating this complication. For both prevention and therapy, antimicrobial lock is a major matter of controversy and a promising field for future clinical studies. This article reviews current evidences in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis and risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of totally implantable venous access device–related infections.
Care coordination for older people in England: Does context shape approach?
Authors: Abendstern Michele , Jasper Rowan , Hughes Jane , Loynes Nik , Sutcliffe Caroline , Challis David
Published: March 2018

Policy and practice developments in adult social care in England and elsewhere recognise the increasing role of the non-statutory sector. Care coordination services are central to the delivery of tailored support. This qualitative study focuses on support for older people and reports an analysis of 13 non-statutory sector services providing care coordination, grouped into four service types. Semi-structured interviews explored the influence of service context on the nature of practice.

Findings

Particular elements of care coordination (e.g. assessment) were found to be shaped by the specific aims and purpose of each service type, such as extent to which they had a commissioning or provider role and the nature of their target group. Aspects of a range of case and care management approaches were in use throughout the sample, varying in relation to the distinct features of the service type. A set of overarching standards was found to be relevant to all services considered. Non-statutory sector services were found to provide innovative support which both complemented and sometimes substituted for the statutory sector.

Applications

Findings point to the continued importance of social work values and methods to the work of non-statutory sector services providing care coordination and to current limitations in relation to what the sector can provide. These are issues which employers and service commissioners need to address to ensure that non-statutory sector services have the capacity and standards of practice to meet the demands made of them. Further areas of research are identified.
A younger onset dementia toolkit: Innovative practice
Authors: Vafeas Caroline , Jacob Elisabeth , Jacob Alycia
Published: March 2018

A diagnosis of younger onset dementia requires specific care tailored to the individual and the family. Dementia care workers often do not have the skills and experience necessary to offer this care within the residential and community environment. This article reports the development of an interactive resource to educate those employed to care for people living with younger onset dementia. Prescription for Life, a talking e-Flipbook was developed and piloted in two states of Australia. Feedback from the pilots was incorporated in the resource prior to a national rollout. The project was supported by an expert panel, including experts from national aged care providers.