bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work-related physical strain and development of joint inflammation in the trajectory of emerging inflammatory and rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: van Dijk Bastiaan T , Boeren Anna M P , Khidir Sarah J H , den Hollander Nikolet K , van der Helm - van Mil Annette H.M.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mainly affects small joints. Despite the mechanical function of joints, the role of mechanical stress in the development of arthritis is insufficiently understood. We hypothesised that mechanical stress/physical strain is a risk factor for joint inflammation in RA. Therefore, we studied work-related physical strain in subjects with clinically suspected arthralgia (CSA) as a risk factor for the presence of imaging-detected subclinical joint inflammation and the development of clinical arthritis/RA.

Methods

In 501 CSA patients and 155 symptom-free persons’ occupation-related physical strain was quantified using the International Standard Classification of Occupations. Contrast-enhanced hand-MRIs were made and evaluated for joint inflammation (sum of synovitis/tenosynovitis/osteitis). CSA patients were followed on RA development. Age relationship was studied using an interaction term of physical strain with age.

Results

The degree of physical strain in CSA is associated with the severity of joint inflammation, independent of educational-level/BMI/smoking (interaction physical strain-age p=0.007; indicating a stronger association with increasing age). Physical strain is associated with higher tenosynovitis scores, in particular. In symptom-free persons, physical strain was not associated with imaging-detected joint inflammation. Higher degrees of physical strain also associated with higher risks for RA development in an age-dependent manner (HR=1.20 (1.06–1.37)/10-year increase in age), independent of educational-level/BMI/smoking. This association was partly mediated by an effect via subclinical joint inflammation.

Conclusions

Work-related physical strain increases the risk of subclinical joint inflammation and of developing RA. The age relationship suggests an effect of long-term stress or that tenosynovium is more sensitive to stress at older age. Together, the data indicate that mechanical stress contributes to the development of arthritis in RA.
Myocardial infarction in a population-based cohort of patients with biopsy-confirmed giant cell arteritis in southern Sweden
Authors: Stamatis Pavlos , Mohammad Moman Aladdin , Gisslander Karl , Merkel Peter A , Englund Martin , Turesson Carl , Erlinge David , Mohammad Aladdin J
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To determine the incidence rate (IR) of myocardial infarction (MI), relative risk of MI, and impact of incident MI on mortality in individuals with biopsy-confirmed giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods

MIs in individuals diagnosed with GCA 1998–2016 in Skåne, Sweden were identified by searching the SWEDEHEART register, a record of all patients receiving care for MI in a coronary care unit (CCU). The regional diagnosis database, with subsequent case review, identified GCA patients receiving care for MI outside of a CCU. A cohort of 10 reference subjects for each GCA case, matched for age, sex and area of residence, was used to calculate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of MI in GCA to that in the general population.

Results

The GCA cohort comprised 1134 individuals. During 7958 person-years of follow-up, 102 were diagnosed with incident MI, yielding an IR of 12.8 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 10.3 to 15.3). The IR was highest in the 30 days following GCA diagnosis and declined thereafter. The IRR of MI in GCA to that of the background population was 1.29 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.59). Mortality was higher in GCA patients who experienced incident MI than in those without MI (HR 2.8; 95% CI 2.2 to 3.6).

Conclusions

The highest incidence of MI occurs within the 30 days following diagnosis of GCA. Individuals with GCA have a moderately increased risk of MI compared with a reference population. Incident MI has a major impact on mortality in GCA.
Investigations of nuclear isomeric states utilizing heavy-ion storage rings
Authors: Litvinov Yury A. , Korten Wolfram
Published: April 2024

Heavy-ion storage rings allow for storing secondary ion beams for extended periods of time. Sophisticated beam manipulation techniques, detection capabilities and thin targets provide unique conditions for a broad range of physics experiments. In this work, the investigations related to nuclear isomeric states are reviewed.
Complexity Analysis of Chinese Text Based on the Construction Grammar Theory and Deep Learning
Authors: Wu Changlin , Wu Changan
Published: April 2024

Due to the complexity of Chinese and the differences between Chinese and English, the application of Chinese text in the digital field has a certain complexity. Taking Chinese text in Open Relation Extraction (ORE) as the research object, the complexity of Chinese text is analyzed. An extraction system of word vectors based on construction grammar theory and Deep Learning (DL) is constructed to achieve smooth extraction of Chinese text. The work of this paper mainly includes the following aspects. To study the application of DL in the complexity analysis of Chinese text based on construction grammar, firstly, the connotation of construction grammar and its role in Chinese text analysis are explored. Secondly, from the perspective of the ORE of word vectors in language analysis, an ORE model based on word vectors is implemented. Moreover, an extraction method based on the distance of word vectors is proposed. The test results show that the F1 value of the proposed algorithm is 67% on the public WEB-500 and NYT-500 datasets, which is superior to other similar text extraction algorithms. When the recall rate is more than 30%, the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than several other latest language analysis systems. This indicates that the proposed Chinese text extraction system based on the DL algorithm and construction grammar theory has advantages in complexity analysis and can provide a new research idea for Chinese text analysis.
A Game-theoretic Framework for Privacy-preserving Federated Learning
Authors: Zhang Xiaojin , Fan Lixin , Wang Siwei , Li Wenjie , Chen Kai , Yang Qiang
Published: April 2024

In federated learning, benign participants aim to optimize a global model collaboratively. However, the risk of
privacy leakage
cannot be ignored in the presence of
semi-honest
adversaries. Existing research has focused either on designing protection mechanisms or on inventing attacking mechanisms. While the battle between defenders and attackers seems never-ending, we are concerned with one critical question: Is it possible to prevent potential attacks in advance? To address this, we propose the first game-theoretic framework that considers both FL defenders and attackers in terms of their respective payoffs, which include computational costs, FL model utilities, and privacy leakage risks. We name this game the federated learning privacy game (FLPG), in which neither defenders nor attackers are aware of all participants’ payoffs. To handle the
incomplete information
inherent in this situation, we propose associating the FLPG with an
oracle
that has two primary responsibilities. First, the oracle provides lower and upper bounds of the payoffs for the players. Second, the oracle acts as a correlation device, privately providing suggested actions to each player. With this novel framework, we analyze the optimal strategies of defenders and attackers. Furthermore, we derive and demonstrate conditions under which the attacker, as a rational decision-maker, should always follow the oracle’s suggestion
not to attack
.
Efficient Vertical Federated Unlearning via Fast Retraining
Authors: Wang Zichen , Gao Xiangshan , Wang Cong , Cheng Peng , Chen Jiming
Published: April 2024

Vertical federated learning (VFL) revolutionizes privacy-preserved collaboration for small businesses that have distinct but complementary feature sets. However, as the scope of VFL expands, the constant entering and leaving of participants and the subsequent exercise of the “right to be forgotten” pose a great challenge in practice. The question of how to efficiently erase one’s contribution from the shared model remains largely unexplored in the context of VFL. In this article, we introduce a vertical federated unlearning framework, which integrates model checkpointing techniques with a hybrid, first-order optimization technique. The core concept is to reduce backpropagation time and improve convergence/generalization by combining the advantages of the existing optimizers. We provide in-depth theoretical analysis and time complexity to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design. We conduct extensive experiments on six public datasets and demonstrate that our method could achieve up to 6.3× speedup compared to the baseline, with negligible influence on the original learning task.
GANs in the Panorama of Synthetic Data Generation Methods
Authors: Vaz Bruno , Figueira Álvaro
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on the creation and evaluation of synthetic data to address the challenges of imbalanced datasets in machine learning (ML) applications, using fake news detection as a case study. We conducted a thorough literature review on generative adversarial networks (GANs) for tabular data, synthetic data generation methods, and synthetic data quality assessment. By augmenting a public news dataset with synthetic data generated by different GAN architectures, we demonstrate the potential of synthetic data to improve ML models’ performance in fake news detection. Our results show a significant improvement in classification performance, especially in the underrepresented class. We also modify and extend a data usage approach to evaluate the quality of synthetic data and investigate the relationship between synthetic data quality and data augmentation performance in classification tasks. We found a positive correlation between synthetic data quality and performance in the underrepresented class, highlighting the importance of high-quality synthetic data for effective data augmentation.
In Vivo Assays for Amyloid-Related Diseases
Authors: Espargaró Alba , Álvarez-Berbel Irene , Busquets Maria Antònia , Sabate Raimon
Published: April 2024

Amyloid-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are devastating conditions caused by the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates known as amyloid fibrils. While assays involving animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenesis and developing therapies, a wide array of standard analytical techniques exists to enhance our understanding of these disorders. These techniques provide valuable information on the formation and propagation of amyloid fibrils, as well as the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of candidate drugs. Despite ethical concerns surrounding animal use, animal models remain vital tools in the search for treatments. Regardless of the specific animal model chosen, the analytical methods used are usually standardized. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to categorize and outline the primary analytical methods used in in vivo assays for amyloid-related diseases, highlighting their critical role in furthering our understanding of these disorders and developing effective therapies.
How Natural Enzymes and Synthetic Ribozymes Generate Methylated Nucleotides in RNA
Authors: Höbartner Claudia , Bohnsack Katherine E. , Bohnsack Markus T.
Published: April 2024

Methylation of RNA nucleotides represents an important layer of gene expression regulation, and perturbation of the RNA methylome is associated with pathophysiology. In cells, RNA methylations are installed by RNA methyltransferases (RNMTs) that are specialized to catalyze particular types of methylation (ribose or different base positions). Furthermore, RNMTs must specifically recognize their appropriate target RNAs within the RNA-dense cellular environment. Some RNMTs are catalytically active alone and achieve target specificity via recognition of sequence motifs and/or RNA structures. Others function together with protein cofactors that can influence stability, S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding, and RNA affinity as well as aiding specific recruitment and catalytic activity. Association of RNMTs with guide RNAs represents an alternative mechanism to direct site-specific methylation by an RNMT that lacks intrinsic specificity. Recently, ribozyme-catalyzed methylation of RNA has been achieved in vitro, and here, we compare these different strategies for RNA methylation from structural and mechanistic perspectives.
Computational Approaches to Drug Repurposing: Methods, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Cousins Henry C. , Nayar Gowri , Altman Russ B.
Published: April 2024

Drug repurposing refers to the inference of therapeutic relationships between a clinical indication and existing compounds. As an emerging paradigm in drug development, drug repurposing enables more efficient treatment of rare diseases, stratified patient populations, and urgent threats to public health. However, prioritizing well-suited drug candidates from among a nearly infinite number of repurposing options continues to represent a significant challenge in drug development. Over the past decade, advances in genomic profiling, database curation, and machine learning techniques have enabled more accurate identification of drug repurposing candidates for subsequent clinical evaluation. This review outlines the major methodologic classes that these approaches comprise, which rely on (a) protein structure, (b) genomic signatures, (c) biological networks, and (d) real-world clinical data. We propose that realizing the full impact of drug repurposing methodologies requires a multidisciplinary understanding of each method's advantages and limitations with respect to clinical practice.
Patient-Specific, Mechanistic Models of Tumor Growth Incorporating Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Authors: Lorenzo Guillermo , Ahmed Syed Rakin , Hormuth David A. , Vaughn Brenna , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Solorio Luis , Yankeelov Thomas E. , Gomez Hector
Published: April 2024

Despite the remarkable advances in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management over the past decade, malignant tumors remain a major public health problem. Further progress in combating cancer may be enabled by personalizing the delivery of therapies according to the predicted response for each individual patient. The design of personalized therapies requires the integration of patient-specific information with an appropriate mathematical model of tumor response. A fundamental barrier to realizing this paradigm is the current lack of a rigorous yet practical mathematical theory of tumor initiation, development, invasion, and response to therapy. We begin this review with an overview of different approaches to modeling tumor growth and treatment, including mechanistic as well as data-driven models based on big data and artificial intelligence. We then present illustrative examples of mathematical models manifesting their utility and discuss the limitations of stand-alone mechanistic and data-driven models. We then discuss the potential of mechanistic models for not only predicting but also optimizing response to therapy on a patient-specific basis. We describe current efforts and future possibilities to integrate mechanistic and data-driven models. We conclude by proposing five fundamental challenges that must be addressed to fully realize personalized care for cancer patients driven by computational models.
Grain Size in Landscapes
Authors: Sklar Leonard S.
Published: April 2024

Earth's terrestrial topography evolves in response to the interaction of tectonics, climate, and lithology. Recent discoveries suggest that the grain size of sediments produced on hillslopes and transported through river networks is key to understanding these interactions. Hillslope grain size varies systematically with erosion rate and residence time, the degree of chemical and physical weathering, and the fracture density and susceptibility to weathering of rock. Variations in initial grain size strongly influence the spatial evolution of grain size distributions as particles mix and wear during downstream transport through channel networks. In rivers, the size and flux of the coarse fraction of the sediment load control the rate of incision into bedrock and thus govern channel slope and ultimately the relief of actively eroding landscapes. These relationships suggest that a primary way that tectonics, climate, and lithology influence landscape evolution is through their controls on sediment grain size.
▪Recent research reveals the central role of sediment grain size in controlling bedrock river morphodynamics, linking grain size to channel slope and topographic relief.▪Tectonics, climate, and lithology govern the size of sediments produced on hillslopes; hence, grain size mediates their influence on landscape evolution.▪Feedbacks linking sediment grain size, topography, weathering, erosion, and sediment transport provide new opportunities for advances in Earth surface science.
Territory and Self-Determination
Authors: Stilz Anna
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on discussions of territorial rights and self-determination in the last 15–20 years. Theories of territorial jurisdiction typically combine two elements. First, they offer an account of foundational title: What gives a particular set of people a claim to be located in an area, including the right to form political institutions to govern that space? Second, they offer an account of legitimate jurisdiction: What is the moral basis of a state's right to govern the area and its population? This article begins by reconstructing prominent accounts of foundational title and legitimate jurisdiction. After canvassing these views, I highlight three areas where further work is needed, particularly as the territorial states system begins to be challenged by climate change: the appropriate balance of sovereignty and international authority in a world of global interdependence, how to rectify imperial and colonial legacies in the states system, and the just distribution of territory.
Review–Silicon Based ISFETs: Architecture, Fabrication Process, Sensing Membrane, and Spatial Variation
Authors: Gupta Anita , Sharma Santanu , Goswami Rupam
Published: April 2024

The main characteristics of a good pH detecting system are higher sensitivity, ease of manufacturing process, and a micro-system. Ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs), which are frequently employed as biosensors, offer significant advantages, and have gained prominence in various sectors. This review has highlighted the factors influencing sensitivity in pH sensing and explored various methods to enhance the sensor’s sensitivity and overall performance. Miniature sensors play a crucial role, especially in industries, biomedical and environmental applications. For accurate pH measurements in both in-vivo and in-vitro systems, as well as for the device’s miniaturization, the reference electrode (RE) must be positioned precisely in an ISFET device, considering both the device’s physical dimensions and the distance between the sensing surface and the RE. Hence, this review provides valuable insights into the importance of sensitivity, miniaturization, and the role of the RE in ISFET devices, contributing to the advancement and application of pH sensing technology in diverse fields.
Gut and Vaginal Microbiota in the Endometriosis: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Colonetti Tamy , Saggioratto Maria Carolina , Grande Antonio José , Colonetti Laura , Junior João Carlos Denoni , Ceretta Luciane Bisognin , Roever Leonardo , Silva Fábio Rosa , da Rosa Maria Inês
Published: April 2024

Background. Endometriosis is a clinical condition associated with genetic, endocrine, and immunological factors, present in 6 to 10% of women of reproductive age. Currently, the human microbiota has been studied and associated with the evolution of diseases due to its influence on pathogenesis, indicating that changes in the colonization of microorganisms in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems can promote physiological changes that can trigger inflammatory and immunological processes and hormonal dysregulation, which can be linked to endometriosis. Thus, this systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated microbiota changes in women with endometriosis. Methods. The following electronic databases were searched up to April 2022: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and gray literature (Google Scholar), using the keywords “dysbiosis”, “microbiome” and “endometriosis”, combined with their synonyms. The observational studies conducted with women diagnosed with endometriosis and women without endometriosis as controls were included. For the analyses, a standard mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was used using RevMan software (version 5.4), and for methodological quality assessment, the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used. Results. A total of 16 studies were found in the literature assessing the composition of the microbiota in women with endometriosis, and no significant difference were found for changes in alpha diversity analysis in gut microbiota (SMD = −0.28; 95% CI = −0.70 to 0.14; P = 0.19; I2 = 52%; four studies, 357 participants) or vaginal microbiota (SMD = −0.68; 95% CI = −1.72 to 0.35; P = 0.19; I2 = 66%; two studies, 49 participants). Conclusion. In intestinal and vaginal samples from women with endometriosis, alpha‐diversity did not present a significant difference when compared to the control population. However, each study individually showed a possible relationship between the female microbiota and endometriosis. This trial is registered with CRD42021260972.
Analysis of Prey-Predator Scheme in Conjunction with Help and Gestation Delay
Authors: Mukherjee M. , Pal D. , Mahato S. K. , Bonyah Ebenezer , Shaikh Ali Akbar
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a three-dimensional continuous time dynamical system of three species, two of which are competing preys and one is a predator. We also assume that during predation, the members of both teams of preys help each other and the rate of predation of both teams is different. The interaction between prey and predator is assumed to be governed by a Holling type II functional response and discrete type gestation delay of the predator for consumption of the prey. In this work, we establish the local asymptotic stability of various equilibrium points to understand the dynamics of the model system. Different conditions for the coexistence of equilibrium solutions are discussed. Persistence, permanence of the system, and global stability of the positive interior equilibrium solution are discussed by constructing suitable Lyapunov functions when the gestation delay is zero, and there is no periodic orbit within the interior of the first quadrant of state space around the interior equilibrium. As we introduced time delay due to the gestation of the predator, we also discuss the stability of the delayed model. It is observed that the existence of stability switching occurs around the interior equilibrium point as the gestation delay increases through a certain critical threshold. Here, a phenomenon of Hopf bifurcation occurs, and a stable limit cycle corresponding to the periodic solution of the system is also observed. This study reveals that the delay is taken as a bifurcation parameter and also plays a significant role for the stability of the proposed model. Computer simulations of numerical examples are given to explain our proposed model. We have also addressed critically the biological implications of our analytical findings with proper numerical examples.
Quantitative Representation of Disturbance Waveform for Microgrid Connected PCC Voltages Using Improved Atomic Decomposition
Authors: Hao Wenbo , Liu Jin , Yan Qingyu , Hu Benran
Published: April 2024

The fluctuation of microgrid power flow leads to serious voltage problems at the point of common coupling (PCC). The quantitative representation of the disturbance parameters of the voltage waveform at the PCC is necessary for evaluating and controlling the impact of distributed generation in the microgrid on the power system. An improved atomic decomposition (IAD) method is proposed to represent the disturbance parameters quantitatively and efficiently. Based on the disturbance characteristics of the PCC voltage, a coherent atom dictionary composed of four subdictionaries is constructed to improve the decomposition efficiency. To further improve the computational efficiency, an improved matching pursuits algorithm is proposed by alternating the search way to extract the disturbance components in the atomic decomposition. Meanwhile, simulation results show that the proposed IAD method has better antinoise and disturbance parameters quantization ability than wavelet transform.
A Real-world Toxicity Atlas Shows that Adverse Events of Combination Therapies Commonly Result in Additive Interactions
Authors: Küçükosmanoglu Asli , Scoarta Silvia , Houweling Megan , Spinu Nicoleta , Wijnands Thomas , Geerdink Niek , Meskers Carolien , Kanev Georgi K. , Kiewiet Bert , Kouwenhoven Mathilde , Noske David , Wurdinger Tom , Pouwer Marianne , Wolff Mark , Westerman Bart A.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Combination therapies are a promising approach for improving cancer treatment, but it is challenging to predict their resulting adverse events in a real-world setting.

Experimental Design:

We provide here a proof-of-concept study using 15 million patient records from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Complex adverse event frequencies of drugs or their combinations were visualized as heat maps onto a two-dimensional grid. Adverse event frequencies were shown as colors to assess the ratio between individual and combined drug effects. To capture these patterns, we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) autoencoder using 7,300 single-drug heat maps. In addition, statistical synergy analyses were performed on the basis of BLISS independence or χ2 testing.

Results:

The trained CNN model was able to decode patterns, showing that adverse events occur in global rather than isolated and unique patterns. Patterns were not likely to be attributed to disease symptoms given their relatively limited contribution to drug-associated adverse events. Pattern recognition was validated using trial data from ClinicalTrials.gov and drug combination data. We examined the adverse event interactions of 140 drug combinations known to be avoided in the clinic and found that near all of them showed additive rather than synergistic interactions, also when assessed statistically.

Conclusions:

Our study provides a framework for analyzing adverse events and suggests that adverse drug interactions commonly result in additive effects with a high level of overlap of adverse event patterns. These real-world insights may advance the implementation of new combination therapies in clinical practice.
Artificial Intelligence in Oncology: Current Landscape, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Lotter William , Hassett Michael J. , Schultz Nikolaus , Kehl Kenneth L. , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Cerami Ethan
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) in oncology is advancing beyond algorithm development to integration into clinical practice. This review describes the current state of the field, with a specific focus on clinical integration. AI applications are structured according to cancer type and clinical domain, focusing on the four most common cancers and tasks of detection, diagnosis, and treatment. These applications encompass various data modalities, including imaging, genomics, and medical records. We conclude with a summary of existing challenges, evolving solutions, and potential future directions for the field.

Significance:

AI is increasingly being applied to all aspects of oncology, where several applications are maturing beyond research and development to direct clinical integration. This review summarizes the current state of the field through the lens of clinical translation along the clinical care continuum. Emerging areas are also highlighted, along with common challenges, evolving solutions, and potential future directions for the field.
The Modulation of Euglycemic Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreatic Secretions in Iron Deficiency
Authors: Bani-Ahmad Mohammad A. , Abu Tayyem Noor E.
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The contribution of pancreatic secretions in iron metabolism has been elucidated, but the clinical outcomes of iron deficiency on pancreatic function are debatable. This study aimed to investigate the modulation of euglycemic endocrine and exocrine pancreatic excretions in response to variations in iron availability. Subjects and Methods: Serum levels of insulin, glucagon, insulin-to-glucagon ratio (IGR), and amylase were determined in 170 adult subjects with variable levels of serum iron. Results: Control (n = 46) and iron-deficient (n = 124) subjects had significant differences (p < 0.001) in their average levels of insulin (68.7 ± 0.5 vs. 100.0 ± 2.0 pmol/dL), glucagon (17.9 ± 0.6 vs. 10.8 ± 0.8 pmol/dL), IGR (4.0 ± 0.1 vs. 19.5 ± 2.1), and amylase (29.7 ± 0.9 vs. 17.5 ± 0.2). The upregulation of serum insulin levels increases proportionally and gradually to the extent of iron deficiency as compared to an abrupt downregulation of serum levels of glucagon and amylase. A significant association was observed between serum iron and IGR (r = −0.645, p < 0.001) and amylase levels (r = 0.653, p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis defines an excellent predictivity of the reduced serum iron level to discriminate subjects with upregulated IGR and amylase levels with area under curves of 0.938 and 0.905, respectively. Conclusion: Iron deficiency is associated with an adaptive modulation of euglycemic endocrine and exocrine secretions that is consistent with a status of insulin resistance.
The 26RFa (QRFP)/GPR103 Neuropeptidergic System: A Key Regulator of Energy and Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Devère Mélodie , Takhlidjt Saloua , Prévost Gaëtan , Chartrel Nicolas , Leprince Jérôme , Picot Marie
Published: April 2024

Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated pathologies, currently considered as a worldwide epidemic problem. Understanding the mechanisms that drive the development of these diseases would enable to develop new therapeutic strategies for their prevention and treatment. Particularly, the role of the brain in energy and glucose homeostasis has been studied for 2 decades. In specific, the hypothalamus contains well-identified neural networks that regulate appetite and potentially also glucose homeostasis. A new concept has thus emerged, suggesting that obesity and diabetes could be due to a dysfunction of the same, still poorly understood, neural networks. Summary: The neuropeptide 26RFa (also termed QRFP) belongs to the family of RFamide regulatory peptides and has been identified as the endogenous ligand of the human G protein-coupled receptor GPR103 (QRFPR). The primary structure of 26RFa is strongly conserved during vertebrate evolution, suggesting its crucial roles in the control of vital functions. Indeed, the 26RFa/GPR103 peptidergic system is reported to be involved in the control of various neuroendocrine functions, notably the control of energy metabolism in which it plays an important role, both centrally and peripherally, since 26RFa regulates feeding behavior, thermogenesis and lipogenesis. Moreover, 26RFa is reported to control glucose homeostasis both peripherally, where it acts as an incretin, and centrally, where the 26RFa/GPR103 system relays insulin signaling in the brain to control glucose metabolism. Key Messages: This review gives a comprehensive overview of the role of the 26RFa/GPR103 system as a key player in the control of energy and glucose metabolism. In a pathophysiological context, this neuropeptidergic system represents a prime therapeutic target whose mechanisms are highly relevant to decipher.
A experiência materna no cotidiano de cuidados dos bebês de risco no domicílio
Authors: Petrokas Rejane Cristina , Galheigo Sandra Maria
Published: April 2024

This article proposes to present the maternal experience in the daily routine of caring for babies at-risk. Thematic oral histories were carried out with three mothers of babies attended at a rehabilitation service in the city of São Paulo, selected for convenience. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, textualized and transcreated and, after thematic analysis, two empirical categories were identified: (i) Going home: the first care between joy and fear; (ii) Care at home, the referrals and the personal construction of the network. The study concluded that the arrival of the baby in the post-discharge household was a moment of joy and fear and that the mothers assumed the role of almost exclusive caregiver, having to deal with the instability of the baby's health condition. In addition to routine care, mothers performed specialized procedures and outpatient follow-up of infants. The precarious supply of programs and policies to support post-discharge care required mothers to undertake the personal construction of a care network. Thus, the daily care of at-risk babies at home proved to be an exhausting experience for women, although perceived as pleasant and full of affection.
Atuação de um terapeuta ocupacional em um programa de reinserção funcional de uma universidade pública brasileira
Authors: Honorio Julia Viana , Walker Julia Barbosa , Simonelli Angela Paula
Published: April 2024

A saúde dos servidores públicos é questão de saúde coletiva e vem ganhando importância crescente nos últimos anos. O objetivo deste estudo qualitativo, descritivo exploratório foi descrever um programa de reinserção funcional de uma universidade federal brasileira e a atuação da terapeuta ocupacional nesse programa, para isso foram consultados documentos oficiais e realizada entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados descreveram a organização do programa e as atribuições prescritas à terapeuta ocupacional (realização de avaliações de capacidade laborativa quando solicitada pelo médico da equipe; avaliação clínica dos servidores participantes do programa; análise das atividades de trabalho; emissão de parecer técnico e participação das discussões dos casos) na equipe. Foi possível averiguar que o programa apresenta uma prática médico-centrada e que a análise da atividade de trabalho não é uma ação central. Discute-se a realização de 'avaliação do desempenho laborativo' ao invés da 'avaliação da capacidade laborativa' e as implicações da consideração da atividade de trabalho decorrentes. Fator limitante do estudo foi a não descrição detalhada da atuação da terapeuta ocupacional e a literatura escassa. Destaca-se a importância de serem desenvolvidos mais estudos acerca desta temática e a necessidade da criação de programas de promoção de saúde e reinserção funcional nas universidades brasileiras.
Oficinas com cuidadoras familiares: reflexões da terapia ocupacional a partir de uma prática na assistência social
Authors: Neves Gabriela Queiroz Vieira , Bezerra Waldez Cavalcante , Bardi Giovanna
Published: April 2024

Dentre os públicos-alvo dos serviços da proteção social especializada do Sistema Único de Assistência Social estão as pessoas idosas e/ou com deficiência e suas famílias. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de relatar a prática desenvolvida no Serviço Especializado de Atendimento Domiciliar, especificamente com as cuidadoras das pessoas idosas e/ou com deficiência, destacando as ações desenvolvidas pela terapia ocupacional. A experiência relatada permite refletir sobre a desigualdade nos papeis de gênero na sociedade, uma vez que as cuidadoras eram, em sua maioria, mulheres; e sobre as contribuições da terapia ocupacional nas ações desenvolvidas, marcadas pelo uso das atividades coletivas e pela atuação voltada para o cotidiano das cuidadoras. Destaca-se que prática evidenciou que a terapia ocupacional social é um referencial teórico-metodológico que pode subsidiar o trabalho da categoria nas unidades socioassistenciais, estabelecendo uma coerência entre o fazer terapêutico-ocupacional, as características e demandas do público acompanhado e as requisições da política de assistência social.
Arte e conhecimento
Authors: Salles Cecilia Almeida
Published: April 2024

The article presents de process of creation of a piece of art as organization of information or process of cognition. Trying to understand the complexity of this path, the discussion starts from the artistic perception as a form of unique representation of the world, going through the comprehesion of the artistic matter and the necessity of research. It also analyzes the continuous attempt of comprehension of the piece of art and the artist’s self-comprehension.
Battleship em edição genética: o projeto editorial do Instituto Moreira Salles
Authors: Franceschi Antonio Fernando de
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
Comentário de la Ponencia: "Aux limites de la genèse de l'écriture du texte de Théâtre de la Mise en Scène" de Almuth Grésillon
Authors: Barrenechea Ana Maria
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
Da forma aos processos de criação
Authors: Willemart Philippe
Published: April 2024

A partir da análise de duas páginas escritas no verso do Cahier 28 de Marcel Proust, sustento que, apesar da desordem aparente na organização do Caderno e da independência temática dessas páginas com as páginas ao lado, existem numerosas relações e uma outra lógica subentendida, o que pode renovar o conceito de edição critico-genética.
Bishop fictionalizes creation in a watercolor-looking poem
Authors: Anastácio Silvia Maria Guerra
Published: April 2024

Esta análise mostra como as imagens geradoras são capazes de influenciar o surgimento de uma obra de arte. Ocorre que o artista embarca numa aventura semiótica única, que é o processo de criação, impulsionado pela força dessas imagens poderosas. Elizabeth Bishop no poema "North Haven" ficcionaliza a criação poética, um processo marcado, ainda, por uma sensação de constante reajustar-se. A estrutura de "North Haven" reside no poder da analogia entre pintura/natureza, sendo que nesse poema Bishop procura pintar com palavras.
Manuscritos da poesia hilstiana
Authors: Grando Cristiane
Published: April 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo divulgar a obra e os manuscritos de Hilda Hilst. Para isso, será apresentado um resumo da dissertação de mestrado Amavisse de Hilda Hilst: edição genética e crítica, defendida em agosto de 1998 na Universidade de São Paulo (FFLCHUSP). O trabalho em questão apresenta fac-símiles de manuscritos de Amavisse e análises de processos da produção de um livro de versos e da criação de poemas.
A importância da crítica genética para as aulas de produção de textos
Authors: Grando Cristiane
Published: April 2024

Reflexão sobre o ensino de produção de textos relacionada com os estudos genéticos, partindo de um diálogo com o texto “Discurso e marginalidade”, de Philippe Willemart. Apresentação de algumas propostas para expansão da crítica genética. Em seguida, será apresentada uma possível maneira de trabalhar o ensino de produção de textos relacionando-o com a Crítica Genética. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa aplicada que transporta a abordagem genética ao campo da educação. Iniciaremos essa segunda parte do artigo com um resumo de possíveis momentos da criação de um texto para, em seguida, discutir, a partir de observações de práticas desenvolvidas desde 1992, como esses momentos podem ser trabalhados em sala de aula.
Community Socioeconomic Status, Acute Cardiovascular Hospitalizations, and Mortality in Medicare, 2003 to 2019
Authors: Wadhera Rishi K. , Secemsky Eric A. , Xu Jiaman , Yeh Robert W. , Song Yang , Goldhaber Samuel Z.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in the United States disproportionately experience poor cardiovascular outcomes. Little is known about how hospitalizations and mortality for acute cardiovascular conditions have changed among Medicare beneficiaries in socioeconomically disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged communities over the past 2 decades.

METHODS:

Medicare files were linked with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s social vulnerability index to examine age-sex standardized hospitalizations for myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries ≥65 years of age residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities (highest social vulnerability index quintile nationally) and nondisadvantaged communities (all other quintiles) from 2003 to 2019, as well as risk-adjusted 30-day mortality among hospitalized beneficiaries.

RESULTS:

A total of 10 942 483 Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years of age were hospitalized for myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (mean age, 79.2 [SD, 8.7] years; 53.9% female). Although age-sex standardized myocardial infarction hospitalizations declined in socioeconomically disadvantaged (990–650 per 100 000) and nondisadvantaged communities (950–570 per 100 000) from 2003 to 2019, the gap in hospitalizations between these groups significantly widened (adjusted odds ratio 2003, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02–1.04]; adjusted odds ratio 2019, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.13–1.16]). There was a similar decline in hospitalizations for heart failure in socioeconomically disadvantaged (2063–1559 per 100 000) and nondisadvantaged communities (1767–1385 per 100 000), as well as for ischemic stroke, but the relative gap did not change for both conditions. In contrast, pulmonary embolism hospitalizations increased in both disadvantaged (146–184 per 100 000) and nondisadvantaged communities (153–184 per 100 000). By 2019, risk-adjusted 30-day mortality was similar between hospitalized beneficiaries from socioeconomically disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged communities for myocardial infarction, heart failure, and ischemic stroke but was higher for pulmonary embolism (odds ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.01–1.20]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Over the past 2 decades, hospitalizations for most acute cardiovascular conditions decreased in both socioeconomically disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged communities, although significant disparities remain, while 30-day mortality is now similar across most conditions.
The Mythography of Socialism in Contemporary Angolan Art
Authors: Siegert Nadine
Published: April 2024

The period of political socialism (1975–1991) in Angola was relatively short but has left remnants – both as physical and ideological manifestations. These have been also increasingly addressed by artists who revisit and reinvent this political and aesthetic period. This paper looks at contemporary Angolan art's engagement with the ideological power represented by socialism and at the same time analyzes the mystification and “iconization” of its political leaders. Working with the analytical concept of “mythography” introduced by Boris Groys and based on a number of artworks as examples it argues that artists can be considered as mythographers of socialist history by constantly rewriting the myths of socialism.
Socialism in Contemporary African Art: Butchering the End of Time
Authors: Lima Álvaro Luís
Published: April 2024

This introductory essay and accompanying special issue of ARTMargins explore the role of African socialisms in contemporary art. Artists looking at Africa's radical history face the challenge of responding to a generalized amnesia about the continent's protagonism on intellectual and political radicalism after 1945. Working with under-researched themes, scarce historical records, and apprehensive oral sources, these artists are often tasked to amplify forgotten pasts while simultaneously critiquing the political contingency of historical investigation in global contemporary art. Global contemporary art—largely shaped by the neoliberal transition that followed the very histories explored by these artists—is often shown in its limitation to engage with socialist history critically. Through the authors’ analyses, many artworks nuance discussion of the erasures, fixed narratives, and nostalgia for Africa's socialist past. Looking to this past, artists attempt to reorganize contemporaneity and its typical disregard for history beyond romanticization. Talho (2014), a work by Mozambican photographer Filipe Branquinho, is analyzed as a case study raising central questions on contemporary artists’ engagement with Africa's socialist past.
Arrival and survival of nematology in Canada
Authors: Webster John M.
Published: April 2024

This Forum article traces the initiation and development of research into plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes in Canada going back 170 years. It highlights the major achievements and the scientists involved up to the present day.
Faith and Hinge Epistemology in Calvin’s Institutes
Authors: Smith Nicholas
Published: April 2024

In mainstream analytic epistemology, Reformed theology has made its presence prominently felt in Reformed epistemology, the view of religious belief according to which religious beliefs can be properly basic and warranted when formed by the proper functioning of the sensus divinitatis, an inborn capacity or faculty for belief in God that can be prompted to generate certain religious beliefs when presented with things (e.g., certain majestic aspects of creation). A major competitor to Reformed epistemology is Wittgensteinian quasi-fideism, a position drawn from the epistemology of Wittgenstein’s On Certainty, according to which some foundational religious commitments are not properly basic beliefs but some kind of apodictic, unshakeable certainties that form part of the structure of one’s rationality and worldview. I argue that the Reformed tradition has contained elements of quasi-fideism at least as far back as Calvin’s account of faith from the Institutes of the Christian Religion, book 3, chapter 2.
Syllidae (Annelida) from the Alborán Sea (Western Mediterranean), with the description of a new species of Paraehlersia San Martín, 2003
Authors: PRADO AINHOA , MARTÍN GUILLERMO SAN
Published: April 2024

A list of 35 species of Syllidae (Annelida) is reported from sublittoral bottoms (from 42 to 169 m) in the Alborán Sea (Western Mediterranean), together with the description of a new species (Paraehelersia pamelae n. sp.), including original drawings and SEM photos. The new species is characterized by its small size, compound chaetae of posterior segments with short, bidentate falcigers, with both teeth similar, the proximal tooth only slightly longer than the distal one, long spiniger-like chaetae all along body, and dorsal simple chaetae distally bifid. Finally, we compare this new species with all previously known species of Paraehlersia and provide a dichotomous key.
1. Socio-Spatial Practices of a Community Living Beneath the Land in Beni Zelten, South-Eastern Tunisia
Authors: Driss Houda
Published: April 2024

Houda Driss analyses ancestral ways of occupying and appropriating space within the ‘troglodytic’ dwellings in the village of Beni Zelten, located in southeast Tunisia. Her research examines this architecture with respect to its natural environment and historical longevity, before identifying and analysing the socio-spatial practices inside these living spaces. The combination of theoretical and practical aspects of troglodytic spaces enables her to enumerate the activities practised in this context, which she then classifies according to the user type, degree of privacy and frequency of practice. In this way, she demonstrates how the underground dwellings in the Tunisian village of Beni Zelten reflect and respond to the natural environment, social factors and cultural values.