bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eliminating plasticity effects in the measurement of residual stress by using the hole-drilling method
Authors: Gu Ying , Ren Songbo , Kong Chao , Gu Song
Published: April 2021

When the hole-drilling method is used to measure residual stress, plasticity effects occur if the residual stress exceeds 60 % of the yield stress. Plasticity effects result in an overestimation of the residual stress as the hole-drilling method is based on the linear elastic behavior of materials. To overcome this problem, a simplified iterative method based on an existing iterative method and using the optimizer tools of the ANSYS program is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is verified through numerical and experimental studies. The numerical case study reveals that, for the case studied, the proposed method can achieve the same accuracy as the original iterative method and has a higher convergence ability. The experimental study demonstrates that the values of the maximum principal stress calculated using the American Society of Testing Materials standard is generally greater than the true values and that the error magnitude increases with an increase in stress levels. Using the proposed method, errors are reduced for the maximum principal stress while increasing slightly for the minimum principal stress. The proposed method has a high convergence ability; for the case studied, only two or three iterations are needed to achieve acceptable accuracy.
Effects of mixed acid solution on bromide epoxy vinyl ester and its glass fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Huang Lingli , Hou Ruigang , Liu Yujian , Shang Qidong
Published: April 2021

As fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) have been increasingly widely used, they may sometimes come into contact with several corrosive media simultaneously, for example, the condensate in the smokestack liners of coal-fired power FGD systems. To study the long-term performance and degradation mechanism of FRP in these complicated environments, an accelerated aging test of bromide epoxy vinyl ester (Br-VE) and its glass fiber reinforced composites (GF/VE) in a mixed acid solution(H2SO4, HNO3, HF and HCl) at three different temperatures(25, 55 and 80 °C) for 180 days was carried out. Weight changes, flexural properties, Fourier transforming infrared spectra (FTIR), dynamic thermal mechanical (DMA), macroscopic and microscopic morphology were investigated. Results showed that immersion temperature has important effects on the corrosion behavior of specimens. The long-term weight change behavior of GF/VE at normal temperature was in accordance with Fick’s second law, but deviated at higher temperature. Flexural properties of GF/VE declined more drastically than those of Br-VE at elevated temperatures. The Tg of GF/VE decreased with rising temperatures. Results also indicted that Br-VE and GF/VE manifested varied degradation mechanisms when subject to the same mixed acid medium immersion. The degradation of GF/VE mainly involved plasticization, embrittlement, the hydrolysis of resin, an ion exchange between HF, H+ and Si-O-Si or alkali metal of the fiber as well as the debonding of the resin/fiber interface.
Comparative investigation of the moth-flame algorithm and whale optimization algorithm for optimal spur gear design
Authors: Abderazek Hammoudi , Hamza Ferhat , Yildiz Ali Riza , Sait Sadiq M.
Published: April 2021

In this study, two recent algorithms, the whale optimization algorithm and moth-flame optimization, are used to optimize spur gear design. The objective function is the minimization of the total weight of the spur gear pair. Moreover, the optimization problem is subjected to constraints on the main kinematic and geometric conditions as well as to the resistance of the material of the gear system. The comparison between moth-flame optimization (MFO), the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and previous studies indicate that the final results obtained from both algorithms lead to a reduction in gear weight by 1.05 %. MFO and the WOA are compared with four additional swarm algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the algorithms introduced here, in particular MFO, outperform the four other methods when compared in terms of solution quality, robustness, and high success rate.
Contextualizing Discrimination of Religious and Linguistic Minorities in South Thailand
Authors: Joll Christopher Mark
Published: April 2021

This article explores how scholarship can be put to work by specialists penning evidence-based policies seeking peaceful resolutions to long-standing, complex, and so-far intractable conflict in the Malay-Muslim dominated provinces of South Thailand. I contend that more is required than mere empirical data, and that the existing analysis of this conflict often lacks theoretical ballast and overlooks the wider historical context in which Bangkok pursued policies impacting its ethnolinguistically, and ethnoreligiously diverse citizens. I demonstrate the utility of both interacting with what social theorists have written about what “religion” and language do—and do not—have in common, and the relative importance of both in sub-national conflicts, and comparative historical analysis. The case studies that this article critically introduces compare chapters of ethnolinguistic and ethnoreligious chauvinism against a range of minorities, including Malay-Muslim citizens concentrated in the southern provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat. These include Buddhist ethnolinguistic minorities in Thailand’s Northeast, and Catholic communities during the second world war widely referred to as the high tide of Thai ethno-nationalism. I argue that these revealing aspects of the southern Malay experience need to be contextualized—even de-exceptionalized.
The crystal structure of 2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine, C17H13BN2O2
Authors: Ren Huaping , Miao Zong-Cheng
Published: April 2021

C17H13BN2O2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.0820(14) Å, b = 13.1135(19) Å, c = 20.644(3) Å, V = 2729.4 Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0373, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1005, T = 193 K.
Neurons interact with the microbiome: an evolutionary-informed perspective
Authors: Giez Christoph , Klimovich Alexander , Bosch Thomas C. G.
Published: April 2021

Animals have evolved within the framework of microbes and are constantly exposed to diverse microbiota. Microbes colonize most, if not all, animal epithelia and influence the activity of many organs, including the nervous system. Therefore, any consideration on nervous system development and function in the absence of the recognition of microbes will be incomplete. Here, we review the current knowledge on the nervous systems ofHydraand its role in the host–microbiome communication. We show that recent advances in molecular and imaging methods are allowing a comprehensive understanding of the capacity of such a seemingly simple nervous system in the context of the metaorganism. We propose that the development, function and evolution of neural circuits must be considered in the context of host–microbe interactions and presentHydraas a strategic model system with great basic and translational relevance for neuroscience.
Synthesis of macro-RAFT agent containing M13-10 and its application in surface sizing agent
Authors: Wang Ye , Yuan Yi-en , Ji Yong-xin
Published: April 2021

A novel macro-RAFT emulsifier was synthesized with S, S’-bis(α, α’-dimethyl-α”-acetic acid)-trithiocarbonate (BDATT), M13-10 (self-made emulsifier) and acrylate monomer, which was further used to prepare surface sizing agent. On the other hand, M13-10 was synthesized with iso-tridecanol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium methoxide and sulfamic acid as the starting materials. The hydrophilicity of macro-RAFT emulsifier and the performance of surface sizing agent were affected by BDATT used as the chain transfer agent and M13-10 as the hydrophilic monomer. So, the CMC and HLB of the emulsifier prepared with different M13-10 content and BDATT content, were compared, as well as the particle size of the prepared surface sizing agent, and the cobb, bursting resistance, tensile resistance, folding endurance and roughness of paper sized. The results reveal that surface sizing agent with macro-RAFT emulsifier of which the amount of M13-10 is 7 w% and the amount of BDATT is 2.5 w% demonstrates the best sizing effect on paper with the contact angle of 119°, the surface water absorption (cobb) of 48.8 g/m2, the bursting strength of 285 kPa, the folding endurance of 19 and the tensile strength of 59.6 kN/m.
Für wen sind Unternehmen da?
Authors: Wagner Franz W.
Published: April 2021

Der Deutsche Corporate Governance Kodex (DCGK) verpflichtet Vorstand und Aufsichtsrat börsennotierter Kapitalgesellschaften auf eine Geschäftspolitik im Interesse der „Stakeholder“ von Unternehmen. Dadurch entsteht der Eindruck, der DCGK habe den zuvor postulierten Interessen-Primat der Kapitaleigner aufgegeben und zwischen den „Varieties of capitalism“ einen Kurswechsel vorgenommen. Andererseits gehen die finanzwirtschaftliche sowie die politikwissenschaftliche und soziologische Literatur davon aus, dass die Globalisierung der Finanzmärkte und das Vordringen institutioneller Investoren eine irreversible Kapitalmarktorientierung der Finanzsysteme eingeleitet haben. In deren Folge nutzen Unternehmen auch ihre Stakeholder-Beziehungen als Wettbewerbsfaktoren zur Steigerung des Unternehmenswertes. Vom Stakeholder-Appell des deutschen DCGK ist daher eher ein politisches Signal an die Öffentlichkeit als ein Einfluss auf Unternehmensziele zu erwarten.
Tracing Policy-relevant Information in Social Media: The Case of Twitter before and during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Vydra Simon , Kantorowicz Jaroslaw
Published: April 2021

Real-time social media data hold great conceptual promise for research and policymaking, but also face substantial limitations and shortcomings inherent to processing re-purposed data in near-real-time. This paper aims to fill two research gaps important for understanding utility of real-time social media data for policymaking: What policy-relevant information is contained in this data and whether this information changes in periods of abrupt social, economic, and policy change. To do so, this paper focuses on two salient policy areas heavily affected by the lockdown policies responding to the 2020 COVID-19 crisis – early childhood education and care policies, and labor market policies focused on (un)employment. We utilize Twitter data for a four-month period during the first wave of COVID-19 and data for the same four-month period the preceding year. We analyze this data using a novel method combining structural topic models and latent semantic scaling, which allows us to summarize the data in detail and to test for change of content between the period of ‘normalcy’ and period of ‘crisis’. With regards to the first research gap, we show that there is policy-relevant information in Twitter data, but that the majority of our data is of limited relevance, and that the data that is relevant present some challenges and limitations. With regards to the second research gap, we successfully quantify the change in relevant information between periods of ‘normalcy’ and ‘crisis’. We also comment on the practicality and advantages of our approach for leveraging micro-blogging data in near real-time.
Detektion und Tracking von Brennstoffpartikeln auf Basis eines Lichtfeldkamerasystems
Authors: Zhang Miao , Matthes Jörg , Aleksandrov Krasimir , Gehrmann Hans-Joachim , Vogelbacher Markus
Published: April 2021

Heutzutage finden die aus Abfällen gewonnenen Brennstoffe eine zunehmende Verwendung bei industriellen Verbrennungsprozessen, wie beispielsweise zur Erzeugung von Wärme bei der Verbrennung in Zement-Drehrohröfen. Um eine kontrollierbare und sichere Verbrennung dieses alternativen Brennstoffs zu gewährleisten, ist eine Analyse des Flug- und Verbrennungsverhaltens unerlässlich. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir Methoden zur Analyse von Bilddaten vor, die von einer Lichtfeldkamera während der Verbrennung von den aus Abfällen gewonnenen Brennstoffen in einem Drehrohr aufgenommen wurden. Das Kamerasystem liefert 3D-Informationen sowohl zu den Brennstoffpartikeln als auch zur inneren Form des Drehrohrofens. Die Analyse beinhaltet Verfahren zur Partikeldetektion unter Verwendung von 3D-Clustering-Algorithmen und Verfahren zur Partikelverfolgung unter Verwendung von Multi-Objekt-Tracking-Algorithmen.
Role of exosomal miRNAs in brain metastasis affected by radiotherapy
Authors: Li Zihuang , Yang Hongli , Ye Ling , Quan Rencui , Chen Meili
Published: April 2021

In oncogenesis and development of malignant tumor, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the complex gene expression associated with the tumor pathogenesis. Currently, only few studies have been conducted to identify miRNAs and the potential pathways involved in the pathogenesis of brain metastasis in patients who underwent radiotherapy, especially miRNAs in the plasma exosomes. Therefore, this study is aimed to use small RNA analysis to identify miRNAs and their potential target genes in plasma exosomes during the initiation and development of brain metastasis in patients who underwent radiotherapy. Using high-throughput sequencing technologies, we identified 35 differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with brain metastasis who had undergone radiotherapy. In annotation of miRNA targets, gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs were significantly enriched in the regulation of cellular processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that most of the miRNA targets were cancer-related, including genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, cancer-related pathways, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway, microtubule-associated protein kinase signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and axon guidance. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective to understand the possible function of these miRNAs in the pathogenesis of brain metastasis. This was the first time that a pilot study identified plasma exosomal miRNAs in five patients with brain metastasis before and after radiotherapy. This study is the beginning; more specimen and further research are needed to explore the functional role of specific miRNAs and their potential as therapeutic targets for brain metastasis.
Reexamining the Relationship Between Shift Work and Health Behavior: Do Fluid Intelligence, Socio-economic Status, and Self-control Moderate the Relation?
Authors: Baum Myriam A. , Spinath Frank M. , Hahn Elisabeth
Published: April 2021

In contemporary research, the link between shift work and health has received empirical support. Contrary to the well-established association between shift work and adverse health outcomes, literature on the link between shift work and various negative health-related behavior patterns is limited to a rather small number of studies revealing inconsistent results. This is problematic since it is assumed that shift work affects health outcomes via the effect of health behavior. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between shift work and select indicators of health behavior (namely, smoking, alcohol consumption, and preventive health care) as well as subjective health in a large representative German sample. In the light of inconsistent previous findings in the field, we further examined potential moderators (namely, fluid intelligence, socio-economic status, and self-control). Results are based on data from 2,590 participants. We conducted multiple regression analyses as well as mean-differences analyses. Our results suggest that shift work had no direct mean effect on health-related behavior patterns. Moreover, fluid intelligence, socio-economic status, and self-control did not moderate any effects. In accordance with the findings regarding objective health indicators, shift and day workers did not differ in the subjective perception of their health. These findings inform future research and potential interventions that should aim at fostering a healthier lifestyle not only among shift workers.
The Infective Endocarditis with Recurrent Epistaxis in a Young Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Chunguang , Bhushan Sandeep , Mao Long , Jian Chen , Haipeng Shi , Li Yuan , Gao Ke
Published: April 2021

Epistaxis is a common emergency, and its main causes are hypertensive crisis and trauma. Nasal packing is the primary treatment. After active symptomatic treatment, the symptoms of epistaxis effectively can be controlled. In this case report, the patient was treated with epistaxis many times in the outpatient department. After nasal examination, there was a clear bleeding point, and it was treated with gauze packing or silver nitrate cauterization. The symptoms of epistaxis gradually got worse and was accompanied with fever and progressive anemia. After blood culture and color Doppler ultrasound examination, it was confirmed that it was endocarditis caused by defective hypoxic bacterial infection. After active antibacterial and surgical treatment, the symptoms of epistaxis, fever and anemia were relieved.
10-Year Trends in Aortic Dissection: Mortality and Weekend Effect within the US Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS)
Authors: Brown James , Usmani Bushra , Arnaoutakis George , Serna-Gallegos Derek , Plestis Konstadinos , Shah Syed , Navid Forozan , Lewis Courtenay , Singh Michael , Sultan Ibrahim
Published: April 2021

Background: This study examined changes in aortic dissection (AD) mortality from 2006 to 2017 and assessed the impact of weekday versus weekend presentation upon mortality.
Methods: This observational study analyzed all records in the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) database. NEDS aggregates discharge data from 984 hospitals in 36 states and the District of Columbia in the United States of America. All patients with thoracic and thoracoabdominal AD recorded as their principal diagnosis were identified via ICD codes.
Results: Patient characteristics (weekday|weekend) count: 26,759|9,640, P = 0.016; age (years): 65.2 ± 15.8|64.7 ± 16.2, P = 0.016; women: 11,318 (42.3%)|4,086 (42.4), P = 0.883; Charlson comorbidity index: 2.3 ± 1.7|2.3 ± 1.6, P = 0.025. There were 36,399 ED visits with diagnosed AD. Annual AD diagnoses increased by 70% from 2006 to 2017. From 2012-2017, patients had lower in-hospital mortality (9.9% versus 11.9%, P < 0.001) compared with 2006-2011. Patients reporting during the weekend had higher in-hospital mortality (11.8% versus 10.4%, P < 0.001) compared with weekdays. On multivariable analysis, year of presentation remained independently associated with in-hospital mortality, with 2012-2017 being associated with reduced mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.99, P = 0.031), as compared with 2006-2011. Weekend presentation remained independently associated with worse in-hospital mortality (OR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.29, P = 0.003) compared with weekday presentation.
Conclusion: Although AD mortality is decreasing, the patients presenting on the weekend were 13% more likely to die in the hospital compared with patients presenting during the week.
НАУКОВІ ЗАСАДИ ПРОЦЕСУ ФОРМУВАННЯ КРИТИЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Horetska Olha , Oliiar Mariia
Published: April 2021

Мета статті – аналіз наукових засад процесу формування критичного мислення майбутніх учителів початкової школи. Завдання дослідження: проаналізувати наукові трактування змісту поняття «критичне мислення педагога»; виявити наукові підходи до розроблення технологій формування критичного мислення студентів педагогічних ЗВО.У статті розкрито актуальність проблеми формування критичного мислення майбутніх фахівців у період інтенсивних соціально-економічних змін в Україні. Адже лише критично мислячий педагог здатний до творчої інноваційної діяльності. Учитель, який не володіє критичним мисленням, не може навчити критично мислити своїх учнів. Автор статті зазначає, що в науковій літературі існує чимало трактувань поняття «критичне мислення». Воно розглядається насамперед як один із аспектів рефлексії. Критичне мислення обов’язково передбачає як позитивне, так і негативне оцінювання мислительного процесу і його результатів. Характерними ознаками критичного мислення учені називають його системність та здатність до узагальнень. У зв’язку з цим актуальним є оволодіння низкою прийомів інтелектуальної діяльності. Учені розглядають критичне мислення нерозривно з творчим мисленням.Автор підкреслює, що розвиток критичності мислення - складне завдання. Ця якість розвивається в процесі вирішення проблемних педагогічних ситуацій. Вона охоплює формування у майбутніх педагогів системи знань про суть цього явища (мислення, рефлексія, педагогічне і критичне мислення), оволодіння засобами і способами формування критичності мислення (методи, прийоми, форми, засоби, технології).У статті визначено низку методологічних підходів до розв’язання проблеми формування критичного мислення студентів. Особистісно-прагматичний підхід реалізується в індивідуальних і групових формах навчання студентів, в діалогічній діяльності, в ігровій взаємодії. Ситуативний підхід передбачає формування кейсів проблемних педагогічних ситуацій, їх моделювання, аналіз та розв’язання. Діяльнісний підхід включає навчання студентів планування (визначення мети, змісту, форм, методів) та реалізації педагогічної діяльності (регулювання, контроль, критичний самоаналіз ісамооцінка досягнутих результатів).На основі аналізу праць учених визначено найважливіші характеристики технології формування критичного мислення студентів: рівноправність суб’єктів навчання; роль викладача як фасилітатора освітнього процесу; створення освітнього середовища, де панує атмосфера пошуку й відкритості, природної співпраці та комунікаціії; віра в сили студента, підтримка його активної позиції в навчанні тощо.
КІНЦЕВИЙ РЕЗУЛЬТАТ НАВЧАННЯ В ТЕОРІЇ ТА ПРАКТИЦІ ВИКЛАДАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ
Authors: Humeniuk Iryna
Published: April 2021

Стаття присвячена розкриттю теоретичних і практичних аспектів формулювання кінцевих результатів навчання з врахуванням глобальних освітніх тенденцій. Метою статті є формування теоретичного уявлення про кінцевий результат навчання курсу «Українська мова за професійним спрямуванням» в педагогічних закладах вищої освіти. Для досягнення мети окреслено низку завдань: визначення функціонального навантаження попереднього формулювання результатів навчання; з’ясування показників якісно сформульованих результатів навчання; порівняльний аналіз програмних результатів навчання української мови за професійним спрямуванням в освітніх програмах вибірки ЗВО та оцінка їх відповідності цілям навчальної програми курсу.У процесі дослідження використано комплекс методів: теоретичні – метод рефлексивного і порівняльного аналізу (для з’ясування сутності поняття «результати навчання»); методи візуалізації та узагальнення – для визначення показників якісно сформульованих результатів навчання і побудови матриць; методи математично-статистичної обробки – для формування уявлення про змістовий потенціал української мови за професійним спрямуванням, відображений у програмних результатах навчання.На основі структурних відмінностей навчальних цілей від результатів навчання наголошено на необхідності чіткого формулювання останніх та виділено їх функціональне навантаження. Визначено показники якісно сформульованих результатів навчання: орієнтування на студента; відповідність цілям навчальної програми; зосередженість на продуктах навчання; чіткість формулювання; кількісна відповідність змісту й ресурсам дисципліни; реалістичність; придатність для вимірювання й оцінювання. Проведено кількісний та якісний аналіз програмних результатів навчання в освітніхпрограмах вибірки педагогічних ЗВО, в результаті якого виявлено окремі неточності в їх формуванні та необхідність конкретизації оцінюваних результатів навчання на рівні кожної дисципліни.
КУЛЬТУРА НАУКОВОГО МОВЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНЬОГО МАГІСТРА ЯК СКЛАДНИК ЙОГО ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ
Authors: Bilavych Halyna , Savchuk Borys , Ilnytsky Vasyl , Fedchyshyn Nadiya
Published: April 2021

Стаття присвячена проблемі формування культури (екології) наукового мовлення майбутніх магістрів. Спостереження за мовним освітнім середовищем вишу, а також власний досвід редагування наукових текстів дали підстави для висновку, що рівень наукового мовлення (як усного, так і писемного) майбутніх магістрів є здебільшого середній, а то й низький. У статті проаналізовано типові помилки в студентських наукових текстах, зазначено їх причини та окреслено шляхи їх усунення. За результатами дослідження з’ясовано, що найбільше проблем при укладанні науковоготексту в здобувачів виникає в ділянці терміносистеми, доборі потрібних термінів, умінні правильно ними оперувати, коректно перекласти українською той чи інший термін з російської чи англійської мов, урешті, зредагувати науковий текст. Великий відсоток помилок (94%) зумовлений інтерферентними явищами внаслідок інтенсивного впливу російської мови, якого постійно зазнає українська наукова мова. Переконані, що вміння правильно укладати наукові тексти уможливлять магістрантам глибше засвоїти навчальний матеріал, підвищити якість навчального процесу, сприятимуть формуванню власного наукового стилю та загалом формуванню національно-мовної особистості науковця-початківця.
Does the packaging of health information affect the assessment of its reliability? A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Raj Leela , Smith Denise , Heilman James
Published: April 2021

Background Wikipedia is frequently used as a source of health information. However, the quality of its content varies widely across articles. The DISCERN tool is a brief questionnaire developed in 1996 by the Division of Public Health and Primary Health Care of the Institute of Health Sciences of the University of Oxford. They claim it provides users with a valid and reliable way of assessing the quality of written information. However, the DISCERN instrument’s reliability in measuring the quality of online health information, particularly whether or not its scores are affected by reader biases about specific publication sources, has not yet been explored. Methods This study is a double-blind randomized assessment of a Wikipedia article versus a BMJ literature review using a modified version of the DISCERN tool. Participants will include physicians and medical residents from four university campuses in Ontario and British Columbia and will be randomized into one of four study arms. Inferential statistics tests (paired t-test, multi-level ordinal regression, and one-way ANOVA) will be conducted with the data collected from the study. Outcomes The primary outcome of this study will be to determine whether a statistically significant difference in DISCERN scores exists, which could suggest whether or not how health information is packaged influences how it is assessed for quality. Plain Language Summary The internet, and in particular Wikipedia, is an important way for professionals, students and the public to obtain health information. For this reason, the DISCERN tool was developed in 1996 to help users assess the quality of the health information they find. The ability of DISCERN to measure the quality of online health information has been supported with research, but the role of bias has not necessarily been accounted for. Does how the information is packaged influence how the information itself is evaluated? This study will compare the scores assigned to articles in their original format to the same articles in a modified format in order to determine whether the DISCERN tool is able to overcome bias. A significant difference in ratings between original and inverted articles will suggest that the DISCERN tool lacks the ability to overcome bias related to how health information is packaged.
Commentaries on the Sharing Economy: Advancing New Perspectives
Authors: Fritze Martin P. , Benkenstein Martin , Belk Russell , Peck Joann , Wirtz Jochen , Claus and Bart
Published: April 2021

The sharing economy is an omnipresent topic, not just in academia but throughout public discourses. Key questions thus have been approached from various research perspectives. To gain a comprehensive view of these perspectives, this commentary features contributions from a group of respected scholars, sharing their research findings, personal observations, and informed interpretations of the sharing economy. Their individual commentaries reflect unique theoretical perspectives, and they include discussions of why the sharing economy makes service management research more relevant, implications for companies and consumers, and key research needs.
Proportion of structural congenital anomaly in eastern Africa; A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Abate Biruk Beletew , Mengesha Ayelign , Zemariam Alemu Birara
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Birth of abnormal child is a stressful situation for mothers and for the society. Globally, about 8 million children were born each year with congenital abnormalities. Out of this, 3.3 million children died before the age of five years while 3.2 million survivors suffer from severe mental or physical disability. As it was a major global concern, the trends of congenital anomaly were also altered using advancing technology during antenatal care in diagnosing and treating the defects. Methods: The review has one objective, and the search strategy were performed based on the review question or objective. The search of articles was performed by 5 investigators. Electronic databases mainly PubMed and google scholar were used for published studies. Gray literatures like research and trials registers, thesis and dissertations catalog, and organizational reports were also scrutinized independently using the search logic grid by all authors. Ethics and dissemination: This review used published data, and the ethical approval was not applicable. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to indicate the burden of structural congenital anomaly in eastern Africa for policy makers. The result also indicated for the region, and will be released online to make it available for all countries. Results: The pooled proportion of structural congenital anomaly in eastern Africa was 4.54 per 1000 with 95% CI of (4.23-4.85). Of the researches included in this review the maximum proportion of structural congenital anomaly was 6.08 per 1000 children and the minimum structural congenital anomaly was 3.97 per 1000 children. Conclusions: According to the findings of this meta-analysis, the pooled proportion of structural congenital anomalies is high in relative to WHO’s worldwide structural congenital anomaly report. Congenital anomaly imposed huge financial, social and psychological costs on individuals, and heath care systems annually. Therefore, promotion of maternal health with an emphasis on ANC follow-up would be essential to decrease the prevalence of birth anomaly. Protocol registration: The protocol for this review has been published in the PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of systematic reviews at (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO with a protocol identification number of CRD42019123190.
Clinical profile of fungal sepsis in new born: a tertiary centre experience from Bangladesh
Authors: Tasneem Farhana , Monir Hossain Mohammad , Mahmud Salahuddin , Shafi Ahmed Syed
Published: April 2021

Background: Candida infections are frequent and major causes of septicemia in neonatal intensive care units and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight preterm infants are especially vulnerable to these devastating infections. Material and methods: A prospective observational study was done from May 2013 to June 2014 in SCABU (Special Care Baby Unit) & ICU (Intensive Care Unit) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka. All neonates admitted with suspected clinical sepsis were analyzed in the study. Among which 30 culture positive candida cases were identified and included in this study. Outcome measures assessed was the incidence of candidemia in our NICU with clinical profiles and associated risk factors. Results: Out of 30 newborns 18 (60%) were preterms, 20% of study population were having a birth weight of <1 kg, 23.3% with a birth weight of 1-1.5 kg and 23.3% with a birth weight of 1.5-2.5 kg. 73.4% of the study population were hospitalized for >1 week. In the study group 56.7% had feed intolerance, 53.3% needed ventilator support, 56.7% had temperature instability, 73.3% had thrombocytopenia 63.3% had apnea and 73.3% had jaundice. The overall survival was 63.3%. Conclusions Low birth weight, prematurity, use of broad spectrum antibiotics, mechanical ventilation and prolonged hospital stay were important risk factors associated with neonatal candidiasis in this study. Thrombocytopenia, feed intolerance, increased requirement for ventilator support, temperature instability, jaundice and apnea were significant clinical parameters noted in babies with culture proven neonatal candidiasis. The overall survival was 63.3% in the study group.
Fisheries-biological evaluation of young-of-the-year wild carp-domestic carp hybrid of different genesis
Authors:   Lviv Experimental Station of the Institute of Fisheries of the NAASU, Velykyi Lyubin, Kuts’ U. , Kurinenko H. ,   Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To provide a comparative analysis of fisheries and biological parameters of young-of-the-year wild carp-domestic carp hybrids obtained from males of different genetic origin by natural spawning method, with subsequent use in industrial hybridization. Methodology. Cultivation was carried out in pond conditions of the Lviv Research Station of the Institute of Fisheries of NAAS. Material for the study were young-of-the-year wild carp-domestic carp hybrids obtained from age-8 and 9 males of Amur wild carp of different genesis. Stocking density of 4-day larvae in nursery ponds was 20 thousand ind./ha. Growth rate was evaluated by using absolute, relative, daily and specific growth rate according to I.I. Schmalhausen. Feeding of fish was carried out with ground grain, starting from the first decade of July. Statistical processing of the material was performed in Microsoft Excel 2016. Criteria for the analysis of parameters were their average value and arithmetic mean error (M ± m). Findings. According to performed studies, young-of-the-year wild carp-domestic carp hybrids obtained from Amur wild carp males of different genesis in terms of dynamics of weight accumulation and linear growth, survival, fish productivity, hybrids obtained from cryo-males were not inferior to young-of-the-year wild carp-domestic carp obtained from local males. However, according to the main body-build indices, they had similar values but were slightly inferior. Originality. For the first time in Ukraine, a comparative analysis of fisheries and biological parameters of young-of-the-year wild carp-domestic carp hybrids obtained from males of different genetic origin in terms of industrial hybridization was performed. Practical value. The results of this work will provide a comprehensive assessment of fish and biological parameters of young-of-the-year wild carp-domestic carp hybrids obtained from Amur wild carp males of different genetic origin and justify their use in breeding work for further reproduction in breeding farms and to obtain industrial hybrids. Key words: Amur wild carp, genesis, body weight, body length, fatness, fish productivity.
Contemporary Relevance of Bertrand Russell’s Views on Early Childhood Education
Authors:   S.S.J. University, Almora, Uttarakhand-263601, India, Sharma Runumi , Aswal Mamta ,   Faculty of Education, S.S.J. University, Almora, Uttarakhand-263601, India
Published: April 2021

Bertrand Russell’s educational thoughts significantly deal with reforming education for school going children and he also supported pre-primary education. He favored early childhood education for physical, intellectual and character development. His emphasis on character development of a child shows the significance of early years of life for development of an individual. This paper aims at exploring Bertrand Russell’s thoughts on early childhood education. It is an attempt to understand the significance of early childhood education for the holistic development of the children. Though there are early childhood education is prevalent in our country, but it was not mandatory to get early childhood education till the approval of National Education Policy (N.E.P., 2020). It has included early childhood education in compulsory school education for promoting better learning and well being of a child. It is a qualitative research in which historical method has been used where data has been collected from primary and secondary sources. The finding of the study shows that Bertrand Russell’s thought on early childhood education is relevant in present Indian context for developing good values, physical and mental development as well as in future learning. This shows that the encouragement to early childhood education and Bertrand Russell’s thoughts on early childhood education would be helpful for holistic development of children.
Declaring Uncertainty: Using Quality Improvement Methods to Change the Conversation of Diagnosis
Authors: Ipsaro Anna J. , Patel Shivani J. , Warner Dane C. , Marshall Trisha L. , Chan Steven T. , Rohrmeier Katherine , Richardson Deborah , Kammer Amanda , Luksic Emily , Bell Kathleen D. , Hagedorn Philip A.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Diagnostic uncertainty may be a sign that a patient’s working diagnosis is incorrect, but literature on proactively identifying diagnostic uncertainty is lacking. Using quality improvement methodologies, we aimed to create a process for identifying patients with uncertain diagnoses (UDs) on a pediatric inpatient unit and communicating about them with the interdisciplinary health care team.

METHODS:

Plan-do-study-act cycles were focused on interdisciplinary communication, structured handoffs, and integration of diagnostic uncertainty into the electronic medical record. Our definition of UD was as follows: “you wouldn’t be surprised if the patient had a different diagnosis that required a change in management.” The primary measure, which was tracked on an annotated run chart, was percentage agreement between the charge nurse and primary clinician regarding which patients had a UD. Secondary measures included the percentage of patient days during which patients had UDs. Data were collected 3 times daily by text message polls.

RESULTS:

Over 13 months, the percentage agreement between the charge nurse and primary clinician about which patients had UDs increased from a baseline of 19% to a median of 84%. On average, patients had UDs during 11% of patient days.

CONCLUSIONS:

We created a novel and effective process to improve shared recognition of patients with diagnostic uncertainty among the interdisciplinary health care team, which is an important first step in improving care for these patients.
HEADSS Up! Missed Opportunity for Psychosocial Screening in Hospitalized Adolescents
Authors: Addison Jessica , Herrera Nicole , Tuchman Lisa , Bokor Brooke
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the frequency and completeness of adolescent psychosocial screening documentation for adolescents and young adults hospitalized to a pediatric hospitalist medicine service.

METHODS:

All patients 12 to 21 years old on the hospital medicine service in an urban, academic, free standing children’s hospital in the Mid-Atlantic United States from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015, were identified. A retrospective review was conducted to assess the frequency of documentation of a complete psychosocial screening using the Home, Education, Activities, Drugs, Sex, Suicide assessment within 48 hours of admission. Differences in screening rates according to race, sex, age, patient’s medical complexity, and whether they required transfer to a higher level of care were assessed through logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS:

Only 5.3% (24 of 435 patients) had all 6 domains of the Home, Education, Activities, Drugs, Sex, Suicide psychosocial assessment documented. Controlling for patient characteristics (demographic, medical complexity, and level of care), the odds of being screened for sensitive domains (drugs, sex, and suicide) were higher in female patients, patients ≥16 years old, and those transferred to a higher level of care. Those considered high medical complexity were screened less across all domains.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall, pediatric hospitalist documentation lacked adolescent psychosocial screening. Potential opportunities exist through screening early in the hospitalization to connect youth with services that influence health outcomes.
Parent Perspectives on the Eat, Sleep, Console Approach for the Care of Opioid-Exposed Infants
Authors: McRae Kamelia , Sebastian Theiju , Grossman Matthew , Loyal Jaspreet
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

At our institution, the treatment of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is guided by a function-based assessment called the Eat, Sleep, Console (ESC) approach. Infants room in with their parent(s) on the inpatient units, and most infants are treated exclusively with nonpharmacologic interventions. The experience of parents of infants with NAS treated with the ESC approach is unknown.

METHODS:

We chose a deductive, hypothesis-driven approach to perform a content analysis of transcripts from in-depth, semistructured interviews of parents of infants with NAS in our institution. Responses were audiotaped, transcribed, and reviewed by at least 3 members of the research team.

RESULTS:

We interviewed 18 parents of infants with NAS. Most participants were ≥30 years, were white, and had a high school or equivalent level of education. Four major themes emerged: (1) parents were supportive of fewer interventions and normalizing of newborn care in the ESC approach; (2) parents felt encouraged to lead their infant’s NAS care; (3) parents perceived gaps in communication about what to expect in the hospital immediately after delivery and during their infant’s hospital stay; and (4) parents experienced feelings of guilt, fear, and stress and expressed the need for increased support.

CONCLUSIONS:

Parents in our study had an overall positive experience with the ESC approach. This engagement probably contributes to the success of the ESC approach in our institution. Future opportunities include better preparation of expectant mothers and continued emotional support after delivery.
Say What? Quantifying and Classifying Jargon Use During Inpatient Rounds
Authors: Charpentier Victoria , Gotlieb Rachael , Praska Corinne E. , Hendrickson Marissa , Pitt Michael B. , Marmet Jordan
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Although plain language is recognized as essential for effective communication, research reveals that medical providers regularly use jargon terminology that may be misunderstood by patients. Little is known, however, about the types and frequency of jargon used in the pediatric inpatient setting. We aimed to quantify jargon use by medical team members during inpatient family-centered rounds (FCRs) and to identify the most common categories of jargon used.

METHODS:

One of 3 trained medical students audited FCRs on a general pediatric service once weekly for 12 weeks, recording and categorizing jargon used with a published classification framework. Jargon usage was classified by category and quantified by using descriptive statistics. Rates were calculated by patient encounter and per minute. Feedback was provided to rounding teams after each observation.

RESULTS:

During 70 observed FCR patient encounters, there were a total of 443 jargon words or phrases spoken, of which 309 (70%) were not explicitly defined to the patient or family by the health care provider team. The mean number of undefined jargon words or phrases used per patient was 4.3 (±1.7), with a mean of 0.4 (±0.1) uses of undefined jargon per minute. The most common categories of undefined jargon used include technical terminology (eg, bronchiolitis), medical vernacular (eg, cultures), and abbreviations and acronyms (eg, NPO for “nothing by mouth”) at 34%, 30%, and 17%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Undefined medical jargon was used frequently by health care providers during pediatric FCRs. We found it was feasible to measure provider jargon use and to use a jargon classification scheme to provide real-time, concrete feedback.
Correlating Scores but Contrasting Outcomes for Eat Sleep Console Versus Modified Finnegan
Authors: Ryan Kelsey , Moyer Andrea , Glait Megan , Yan Ke , Dasgupta Mahua , Saudek Kristine , Cabacungan Erwin
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

The Modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (M-FNASS) and the newer Eat, Sleep, and Console (ESC) model guide the clinical management of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). In this study, we evaluate how the M-FNASS and ESC model directly compare in inpatient practice. We hypothesized that ESC scores would correlate with M-FNASS scores, whereas ESC management would reduce health care use for infants with NOWS.

METHODS:

In this retrospective cohort study, we compared management of infants with NOWS admitted to nursery settings. Epoch 1 was managed by using an M-FNASS algorithm. Epoch 2 was scored simultaneously with the M-FNASS and ESC model and managed by using the ESC approach. In the statistical analysis, we compared M-FNASS and ESC scores and outcomes between epochs.

RESULTS:

A total of 158 infants provided 2101 scoring instances for analysis. Demographic characteristics were similar between epochs. ESC scores significantly correlated with overall M-FNASS scores and specific M-FNASS domains. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that an ESC score containing at least 1 “no” was best predicted by an M-FNASS cutoff value of 7.5 (sensitivity 0.84; specificity 0.70; area under the curve = 0.842). Length of stay (median 9.5 vs 5 days; P = .0002) and initiation (53% vs. 33%; P = .018) and duration of pharmacologic treatment (median 11 vs 7 days; P = .0042), as well as length of stay for infants who were pharmacologically treated (median 15 vs 10 days; P = .0002), were significantly reduced with ESC-based management after adjustment for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS:

The ESC approach meaningfully correlates with the M-FNASS to detect NOWS. Management with the ESC approach continues to be associated with reduced health care use when compared with an M-FNASS approach, implying that the ESC approach may facilitate higher-value inpatient care.
Murine Typhus in 5 Children Hospitalized for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Dean Andrea , Asaithambi Rathi , Neubauer Hannah C.
Published: April 2021

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an emerging disease described in children in association with infection or epidemiological link to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Signs and symptoms include fever, rash, and cardiac dysfunction; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have put forth broad criteria for diagnosis. The illness is serious and can progress rapidly to heart failure and death. However, findings in MIS-C are nonspecific, and there is significant overlap with other systemic illnesses, including Kawasaki disease and several viral and bacterial infections. We present 5 children admitted to a teaching hospital within an 11-day period in May 2020 for MIS-C evaluation who were later diagnosed with murine typhus. Typhus is a rickettsial infection that presents with fever and rash, and, although usually self-limited, responds well to treatment with doxycycline to shorten the course of illness. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of these children are presented to illustrate similarities to MIS-C, which can also be shared with viral, bacterial, or other regional endemic infections, as well as noninfectious inflammatory diseases. This case series serves to remind pediatric hospitalists to be vigilant to avoid premature closure on MIS-C for children admitted with fever and systemic inflammation. Maintaining a wide differential diagnosis in approaching such patients is of utmost importance as community exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is likely and evidence of past infection becomes commonplace.