bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Innovation Characteristics Converter Kit Machine and Its Influence on Fishermen's Income in Palembang City
Authors: Shelia Shelia , Sriati Sriati , Widiastuti Indah
Published: January 2024

The Oil to Gas Fuel Conversion Program is an energy diversification policy carried out by the government to reduce fishing communities' dependence on oil fuel, by assisting in the form of converter kit engines. The converter kit engine innovation is believed to be more efficient and effective than the ordinary boat propulsion engines previously used by fishermen. This research aims to identify the socio-economic characteristics of fishermen, analyze fishermen's perceptions of the characteristics of converter kit engine innovation, and analyze the relationship between perceptions and fishermen's income. The method in this research is a survey method. The research subjects consisted of 51 fishermen who received converter kit engines. Data was collected using a questionnaire designed using a Likert scale. The research results showed that the achievement value of fishermen's perception of the characteristics of converter kit engine innovation was 92.03% (very high). The correlation test results between the variables of fishermen's perceptions of the characteristics of converter kit engine innovation and fishermen's income have a fragile and insignificant relationship with a negative correlation coefficient or in the opposite direction of -0.185.Keywords: gas; innovation; conversion; converter kit; perception.
Islamic Law Thoughts: Itsbāt Nikāh According to A Compilation of Islamic Law and Fiqh Syafi`Iyah
Authors: Wildan T. , Ismail Syawaluddin
Published: January 2024

The provisions of Isbāt nikāh have differences in the views of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence (Fiqh Syafi’iyah). These differences have attracted the attention of the author to study them. The method used in this research is descriptive comparative analysis, which involves examining and comparing a problem through explanation, interpretation, recording, and data analysis. The research results indicate that isbat nikah is found in the Compilation of Islamic Law and the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence. However, the term Isbāt nikāh is not mentioned in the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence. In contrast, the KHI specifically regulates this issue in Article 7, paragraphs 1, 2, 3, and 4. The provisions of isbat nikah, according to the KHI and the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, differ significantly. Almost all the provisions of isbat nikah in the KHI are not found in the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence.
Hambatan Guru Matematika dalam Mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Merdeka: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mukhibin Ahmad , Nafidhoh Bashirotun
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe the obstacles of mathematics teachers in implementing the Merdeka curriculum. The research method used a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol. There were 9 research articles published in 2022-2023 which were used as research samples. The articles were then analyzed by categorizing based on the year of research, type of research, research instruments used, research location, and types of obstacles faced by mathematics teachers. The findings of this study show that (1) the obstacles faced by mathematics teachers in 2023 increased from the previous year, (2) 88.8% of the articles used qualitative research to reveal the obstacles of mathematics teachers, (3) 6 articles preferred to use interview instruments, (4) the obstacles in implementing the Merdeka curriculum were felt by several mathematics teachers in various regions, and (5) the obstacles of mathematics teachers in implementing the Merdeka curriculum lie in the planning, implementation, and assessment stages of learning. The findings of this study are expected to be able to contribute and provide input to relevant government agencies to prepare the competence of mathematics teachers in implementing the Merdeka curriculum.
Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Kelas VIII pada Pola Bilangan melalui Pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME)
Authors: Nazira Nazira , Yuhasriati Yuhasriati , Elizar Elizar
Published: January 2024

Research on mathematical communication skills has a background on the importance of student's ability to organize ideas and thoughts when solving problems. This study aimed to determine students' mathematical communication abilities on number pattern material through learning with the RME approach at one of the Banda Aceh Middle Schools. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects were 24 students, and three students were interviewed. Data was collected through interviews, which were analyzed in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research showed that mathematical communication skills through learning with the RME approach for number pattern material experienced good development. Students in the high and medium categories can master drawing, written text, and mathematical expression indicators. Students in the low category can master drawing and mathematical expression indicators. The results showed that students experienced problems communicating mathematically in conveying ideas orally and in writing. As a result, an error occurred in solving the problem. This research is expected to be a reference for improving students' mathematical communication skills during the learning process.
Module Development for Curved Side 3D Geometric Shapes Based on STEAM Approach
Authors: Saputra Edy , Yustinaningrum Bettri , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: January 2024

Class IX students of SMP Negeri 4 Takengon generally find it difficult to understand the mathematics learning material contained in the school textbook, besides that the teacher also feels that textbooks as teaching materials still do not help students in learning both at school and independently, so it is very necessary to have other teaching materials that can overcome this. Therefore the researcher felt that this research was very suitable to be carried out. This Research and Development (R&D) research uses the Rowntree development model whose goal is to develop math modules with the STEAM approach on curved side space material that is valid and practical for use in junior high school mathematics learning. The development process consists of three stages, namely the planning, development and evaluation stages using the formative evaluation procedure from Tessmer. Based on this development stage, a mathematics module with the STEAM approach has been produced which contains curved side geometrical material and can be categorized as very valid (content validation 4.54 and media validation 4.75) and also very practical based on one to one evaluation (teacher response 96.96% and student response 98.97%) and small group evaluation of 92.11%.
PENINGKATAN PHYSICAL HEALTH MASYARAKAT MELALUI SENAM LANJUT USIA (LANSIA)
Authors: Hadjarati Hartono , Nurkhoirah Nurkhoirah , Haryani Meri
Published: January 2024

Exercise can improve a person's body fitness if done regularly and regularly, someone who has been trained with routine exercise will have a more immune immune system than someone who does not exercise, as well as the elderly also need exercise even if it's just walking which is done regularly and measured. The purpose of implementing community service activities is to increase knowledge and increase physical activity through elderly gymnastics. This activity was carried out in Oluhuta Village, Kabila Sub-district, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province on May 13, 2023, with participants aged 45-60 years. The method of implementation of PkM is by lecture, demonstration (practice) and video recording. The first stage of PkM implementation is survey and observation to the village government, then preparation for implementation and implementation of PkM as well as monitoring and evaluation. The results of observations show that elderly gymnastics training can have an effect on increasing physical activity so that there is an increase in Physical Health of the elderly in Oluhuta Village. Implementation of PkM in the form of lectures and practice of elderly gymnastics, easily accepted by the training participants
Deep learning-based approach for prediction of brain stroke from MR images for IoT in healthcare
Authors: Gupta Manu , Meghana Pessani , Reddy Kancherla Harshitha
Published: January 2024

This study develops a technique to predict brain strokes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Worldwide, brain stroke is a leading factor in death and long-term impairment. The impact of stroke on the life of survivors is substantial, often resulting in disability. Stroke analysis performed manually takes a lot of time and is subject to intra- and inter-operator variability. Consequently, this work aims to create a computer-based system for the prediction of stroke utilizing deep learning techniques, which help in timely diagnosis. The MRI images are preferred as it provides images of good contrast and no ionizing radiations are used in this imaging method. The deep learning methods included in this proposed work are DenseNet-121, Xception, LeNet, ResNet-50 and VGG-16. The DenseNet-121 classifier outperformed other classifiers and achieved acccuracy of 96%. The outcomes of the proposed approach for stroke prediction in IOT healthcare systems show that improved performance is attained using deep learning methods.
Semantic pixel encoding visual secret sharing technique for balancing quality and security in color images
Authors: Patil Kanchan , Barpute Jyotsna Vilas , Arkadi Mrudul , Bhirud Sapana Deepak , A Catherine Esther Karunya , A John Blesswin , G Selva Mary , S Shibani Raju
Published: January 2024

Color images are widely utilized across various domains, encompassing digital media and extending to critical applications in satellite and military arenas. As the significance of these images has grown, the need to protect their content from unauthorized access and potential threats has been underscored. Visual Secret Sharing (VSS) schemes have been proposed as effective mechanisms, with images being encrypted into multiple shares that, individually, offer no discernible information about the original content. Nevertheless, issues such as pixel expansion have been noted in traditional VSS methods, which result in increased complexity and a potential compromise in image quality. Maintaining impeccable image quality is emphasized, mainly since critical application decisions are often based on the clarity and accuracy of image details. The Semantic Pixel Encoding Visual Secret Sharing (SPEVSS) technique is proposed to address these identified challenges. A robust mechanism has been formulated through the integration of semantic pixel encoding with VSS, effectively countering pixel expansion while preserving the fidelity of the original image. As a result of this research, computational complexity has been significantly reduced, decryption methodologies have been made more efficient, and a more robust security framework for colour images has been established. The performance of the proposed SPEVSS shows the reconstructed images show the PSNR of 42 dB has been recorded in images processed, underscoring the method’s capability to balance security and optimal image quality.
Utility of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in growth hormone-treated short children – An experience from a tertiary level center
Authors: Khadilkar Vaman , Oza Chirantap , Mondkar Shruti , Khadilkar Anuradha
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Very few studies have been conducted in low-middle-income countries to assess the response to growth hormone (GH) therapy by measuring the improvement in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. Objectives: The objective is to assess IGF-1 concentrations in patients receiving GH therapy to correlate the height increment with respect to increase in the IGF-1 concentrations, including IGF-1 Z-scores as a measure of safety profile. Methods: Clinical and anthropometric data were extracted retrospectively from hospital records of children aged 0–18 who received GH and had IGF-1 measured during the study period. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were analyzed by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with GH deficiency (GHD) and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) were grouped as group A, while participants receiving GH therapy for non-GHD/MPHD were clubbed as group B. Results: We report a significant positive correlation between an increase in IGF-1 values and increase in height. The improvement in height Z-scores was significantly higher in participants of group A as compared to B, with no significant difference in increase in IGF-1 Z-scores between the two groups. A total of 18.75% of subjects had IGF-1 Z-scores between +2 and +3, and these were largely subjects belonging to group B. Conclusion: The increment in height and height velocity Z-scores in the patients on GH correlated with increase in the IGF-1 concentrations, particularly in GHD/MPHD group of patients.
The rarity of Invertebrates prevents reliable application of IUCN Red-List criteria.
Authors: Goodsell Robert , Tack Ayco , Ronquist Fredrik , van Dijk Laura , Iwaszkiewicz-Eggebrecht Elzbieta , Miraldo Andreia , Roslin Tomas , Vanhatalo Jarno
Published: January 2024

Among the most widely used information underpinning international conservation efforts is the IUCN Red List of endangered species. The Red List designates species extinction risk based on geographic range, population size, or declines in either. However, the Red-List has poor representation of invertebrates which comprise the majority of animal diversity, and it has frequently been questioned whether Red List criteria are appropriate for these organisms. Due to their small size, difficulty in identification, and general rarity, many invertebrates are hard to study, making Red List criteria difficult to apply. Here we discuss these criticisms in the context of empirical evidence from one of the largest terrestrial arthropod surveys to date, documenting the abundance and distribution of over 13,000 species in Sweden. Using simple empirical examples from these data, we argue that even the most ambitious monitoring efforts are unlikely to produce enough observations to reliably estimate population sizes and ranges for more than a fraction of species. Thus, there is likely to be substantial uncertainty in classifying most species according to current criteria. In response, we discuss the introduction of potential new IUCN criteria to more accurately capture the conservation needs of invertebrates, and to increase the representation of invertebrates on the IUCN Red List.
Analysis of Project-based Speaking Worksheet Integrated with ICT on the Needs of Business Administration Students
Authors: Akhmad Akhmad , Astuty Ani Dyah , Paramudia Paramudia
Published: January 2024

This article presents a needs analysis conducted among 103 third-semester Business Administration students at the State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang. The aim was to identify their necessities, lack and wants regarding English language learning to design practical English-speaking worksheets using a Project-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The data were obtained from a questionnaire as a primary source. The findings revealed that students encountered significant problems in speaking aspects, as demonstrated by the majority of students’ responses falling into the ‘poor’ category, including vocabulary 69.9%), pronunciation (62%), fluency (45.6%), and grammar (49.5%). Additionally, students strongly desired innovative learning materials and worksheets to engage them more effectively in the learning process. Specifically, they emphasized the importance of incorporating visually appealing graphics and interactive audio-visual elements to make the learning experience more engaging and enjoyable. This need analysis is a starting point for further development of the English speaking worksheet.
The Contribution of Perceived Brand Ethics to the Development of Consumer Trust: A Qualitative Study of Moroccan Islamic Banks
Authors: WIDAD BELGHITATE , SAID MSSASSI
Published: January 2024

The Moroccan banking sector is facing growing challenges to adhere to emerging standards of business ethics and corporate social and environmental responsibility. A marketing ethic based on good organizational conduct is now necessary to consolidate competitive advantage, strengthen market positioning and ensure the long-term sustainability of the corporate brand. This article primarily aims to delve into a relatively overlooked subject within marketing literature: the consumer-perceived ethics in the service sector, the brand equity of Islamic banks, and their consequential influence on brand trust development.
Environmental Justice and Globalization: Putting a Focus on Indigenous Peoples and Local Community Rights and Perspectives
Authors:   Researcher, International Law, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia  Email: alvarosanab@gmail.com, Sanabria-Rangel Álvaro Augusto
Published: January 2024

The right to participate in matters of local importance for communities as well as for Indigenous Peoples are increasingly recognized. This article analyses the continuous existence of deterrents to environmental justice from the perspective of social leaders who have worked in the defence of environmental and Indigenous rights in Colombia, Peru and Chile. This article argues that community rights and interests are relegated as a consequence of notions of development that are solely based on economic growth. This lack of a proper balance between a market-driven vision of development with local and Indigenous perspectives of development is manifested in different obstacles to effective participation and could also be explained by post-colonial dynamics. The research identifies seven particular obstacles that environmental and Indigenous rights defenders face to make their voices and perspectives be heard, namely: a total denial to binding mechanisms for participation, lack of information and transparency surrounding projects with a significant impact to local environments, unwillingness of State actors to supervise extractive industries, lack of access to environmental justice, lack of recognition by local authorities, in particular of Indigenous representatives, deception to the agreements between mining companies and the local communities as well as bureaucratic practices and judicial persecution, stigmatization and threats to the lives of environmental and Indigenous leaders.
Reviewing the Impact of Military Activities on Marine Biodiversity and Conservation: A Study of the Ukraine-Russia Conflict within the Framework of International Law
Authors:   Department of Law, Port City International University, Chittagong, Bangladesh.  Email: aqib.tah@gmail.com, Tahmid Aqib , Khanam Shahinoor ,   District and Sessions Judge’s Court, Chittagong, Bangladesh.  Email: sn.khanam.official@gmail.com, Rashid Md. Miraj ,   District and Sessions Judge’s Court, Dhaka, Bangladesh.  Email: mirajmuhib@gmail.com, Ibnat ayeza ,   District and Sessions Judge’s Court, Dhaka, Bangladesh.  Email: fayezaananna97@gmail.com
Published: January 2024

The severe consequences of military activities on marine biodiversity and conservation have come to limelight as a result of the Ukraine-Russian conflicts in the Black Sea region. The battle has had both immediate and collateral environmental effects on the Black Sea, a hotspot for numerous and uncommon aquatic species. Oil spills, the discharge of toxic substances, and habitat deterioration are only a few of the direct effects that have harmed marine environments and destroyed crucial breeding sites. The fragile balance of the marine life in the area is further threatened by indirect effects caused by fishing practices, increased marine traffic, and advances in coastal infrastructure brought on by conflicts. This ongoing conflict has infringed upon international agreements, including the Basel, Stockholm, and London Conventions, through military activities in the Black Sea, resulting in the violation of regulations governing hazardous waste movement and posing a threat to the biodiversity of the region. This review discusses the breaches and analyzes the harms caused in the marine ecosystem and resources and proposes suggestions as to combine military tactics with conservation activities.
INFLUENCE OF MIX PROPORTION ON WORKABILITY OF LATERIZED CONCRETE
Authors: Muhammad Amina , Abejide O. S. , Kaura J. M.
Published: January 2024

The increase in infrastructural development in the tropic has led to high demand for concrete production. Consequently, its constituents became very scarce and costly, especially the naturally occurring constituents. Laterite as an abundant naturally occurring material in the tropics is only put in use as filling material or in road construction. This study presents the determination of influence of nominal mix proportion (1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2) at a constant water cement ratio of 0.5 with laterite fully replacing sand (fine aggregate). 72 numbers of cubes of size  100 mm were prepared for the different concretes, while 12 numbers were cast for each mix proportion and cured in the curing tank at 3, 7, 14, 28 days. Though the laterite was found to be a normal weight aggregate, it was also identified as A – 7 – 6, medium plastic clayey and porous material, with a specific gravity of 2.59.  For the fresh concrete, the slump value and degree of workability were obtained using the Vee-bee consistometer and slump tests in both laterite and conventional concrete in all the three mix proportions (1:2:4 : 0.5, 1 : 1.5 : 3 : 0.5, 1 : 1 : 2 : 0.5). The Vee bee second for the mix proportions (1:2:4 , 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2 ) are 13:18 , 09:44 and 6.0 for the conventional concrete while 14:47 , 12: 41 and 9:30 for Laterized concrete.
FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGN OF SECURITY SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING EXAMINEES AND PROCTORS DURING EXTERNAL OFFLINE EXAMINATIONS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Adoga Peter Ikpe
Published: January 2024

This paper seeks to design a system for monitoring the compliance of external examination centers to set rules and regulations governing the conduct of an external offline examination. The system is designed to check impersonation of examinees, aiding and abetting by teachers and other proctors, importing and submitting answer scripts written outside the approved examination halls and finally monitoring the script submission process to prevent swapping of answer booklets after completion of the examination. The proposed system consist of biometric authentication system, automated attendance system, Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras for video recording, a script submission system (SSS), a drop box for temporal storage of scripts and human monitors to analyse the recorded videos at monitoring center of the examination board. The system is designed to work even in remote areas with unstable internet as is the case with most examination centers in rural areas in Nigeria. When implemented the system will help check illegal activities in miracle examination centers and reduce examination malpractices by both examinees and proctors drastically.
ENHANCING USER EXPERIENCE THROUGH SENTIMENT ANALYSIS FOR KATSINA STATE TRANSPORT AGENCY: A TEXTBLOB APPROACH
Authors: Ajik Emmy Danny , Suleiman Aminu Bashir , Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Katsina State Transport Authority is the state's government-owned transportation provider, operating in all local governments. Because of its extensive reach, it faces a difficult problem in measuring customer satisfaction with the services it delivers. The purpose of this research is to improve the experiences of Katsina State Transport Authority users by using sentiment analysis and the TextBlob library to categorize comments as neutral, negative, or positive. The study begins with meticulous data collecting using Google Forms to provide a representative sample that captures an all-encompassing view of user opinions. The study used feature engineering and model fine-tuning to improve the process, tailoring TextBlob's performance to the complexities of transportation-related feedback. The results reveal that 71% of respondents are usually happy with the agency's services, while 9% offered negative comments with ideas for improvement. This study's findings, which included sentiment analysis and topic modeling, present a road map for enhancing services and planning.
STRENGTH CHARACTERISATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF COMBINED GLULAM BEAM MADE FROM OPEPE (Nauclea diderrichii) AND OBECHE (Triplochiton scleroxylon) TIMBERS
Authors: Jibril Oyebode Bashir  , Ocholi A. , Lawan A. , Watafua Y. , Isa I.
Published: January 2024

Quality timber species are declining due to over-exploitation in Nigeria. This has propelled the utilisation of low-grade timbers species that are considered for low-end constructions in the past which called for concern. This study establishes the viability of a typical beam made from locally sourced non-durable Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) with highly durable Opepe (Nauclea diderrichii) timber specie in a combined glulam form, using polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive which serves the impact of environmental sustainability and reduced cost of engineering construction. Seasoned timber samples and PVA adhesive were all obtained locally in Nigeria. Beam specimens were tested in the Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria according to EN 338 (2009). Based on tests, it is evident that solid Opepe and Obeche timber specimens exhibited more durable characteristics than their homogenous glulam when fabricated with PVA adhesive. The combined Opepe/Obeche (GLc OP/OB) glulam beam specimen was proposed into GL18c strength class according to EN 338 based on minimum constraints which it satisfies, reflecting a 41 % greater Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) in comparison with EN 338 experimental value. This study recommends the enhancement of the bending strength, density and modulus of elasticity of a typical non-durable solid Obeche timber beam by 38 %, 47 % and 35 % respectively with 40 % durable Opepe timber in a combined glulam form using PVA adhesive for engineering construction purposes.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RATES OF COW DUNG ON YIELD INDCES OF GROUNDNUT IN ABRAKA, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Enujeke E. C. , Anwuli-Okoh L. A.
Published: January 2024

This experiment was conducted in 2022 and repeated during 2023 farming season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Delta State University, Abraka to assess the response of selected varieties of groundnut to different rates of cow dung in Abraka, Delta State. It was a 5 x 2 factorial experiment carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The rates of cow dung in tha-1 were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20, while the varieties were Samnut-21 and Samnut-22. After analysis of variances and means separation with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of the data collected on yield indices of groundnut, the results indicated that Samnut-21 was outstanding in all the parameters assessed. Manure application rate of 20tha-1 gave the highest values with respect to yield of groundnut in Abraka ecology. It was therefore recommended that 20tha-1 of cow dung be applied to Samnut-21 for increased yield of groundnut in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SARIMA AND SARIMAX MODEL IN FORECASTING MONTHLY AVERAGE RAINFALL IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ibrahim A. , Musa A. O.
Published: January 2024

Forecasting monthly rainfall is very important in Kogi state for better approach to flood management and also plays a pivotal role in agriculture which remains a significant factor in Nigeria’s economy.  Advanced time series univariate models such as Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models are usually employed in modelling and forecasting rainfall in Nigeria due to their non-linear pattern and spatiotemporal variation. Few studies have attempted to investigate the influence of other climatic factors in modelling and prediction of rainfall pattern. This study examines the performance of a univariate seasonal ARIMA and seasonal ARIMA which uses monthly temperature and relative humidity as exogenous factors otherwise known as SARIMAX model in forecasting monthly average rainfall in Lokoja, the capital of Kogi state. The study uses monthly data on rainfall, temperature and relative humidity spanning from 2010 to 2022 obtained from Nigeria Meteorological Agency NiMet, Lokoja station. The series were appropriately differenced to attain stationarity. The plots of autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) were used to select some tentative models whose parameters would be estimated. The most suitable SARIMA model  [SARIMA  was chosen based on maximum Coefficient of Determination  , and the minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC). However, SARIMAX model outperformed SARIMA model based on the criteria earlier highlighted. SARIMAX model was therefore recommended for modelling and forecasting monthly average rainfall in Kogi state.
ISOLATION OF SITOSTEROL AND STIGMASTEROL FROM THE ROOTS OF CROTON PENDULIFLORUS
Authors: Ferdinand C. , Isyaka M. Sani , Adelakun Tiwa A. , Ibekwe N. N. , Igoli John , Abdullahi Abdullahi  M.
Published: January 2024

The primary aim of this study was to isolate Sitosterol from the root of Croton Penduliflorus. Croton Penduliflorus Hutch (Euphorbiaceae) commonly known as Turk’s Cap though to originate from Malaysia, is a tropical evergreen plant widely distributed in the southern part of Nigeria. It is employed in folklore medicine both as drastic and fugitive, as well as a psychotropic medicinal plant. It is also credited with antimicrobial, antivenom, antiparalytical, rubefacient and anti-tumor potencies Extraction of the roots of Croton Penduliflorus with ethanol and partitioning of the extract with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate followed by column chromatography of the chloroform extract has led to the isolation of sitosterol, stigmasterol and a substituted benzene derivative. Their structures were established using 1D and 2D NMR, LCMS, and FTIR spectral analysis and a comparison of their spectral data with literature reports.
HEAVY METALS IN TOMATO, BELL PEPPER AND ONION PRODUCED UNDER THE KANO RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECT
Authors: Abdullahi N. , Dandago M. A. , Gambo M. S. , Sarki S. A. , Idah P. G.
Published: January 2024

The presence of heavy metals (HMs) in food crops is an issue of public health significance, which is progressively evolving into a worldwide predicament. The continuous discharge of HMs into the environment through a range of anthropogenic practices and natural occurrences has raised concerns regarding food safety and human well-being. HMs exhibit substantial resistance and when they infiltrate the food chain, they establish a sustainable cycle within the food web. Samples of Tomato, Bell pepper and Onion were taken from 10 different locations across the irrigation scheme. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr and Hg were determined in Tomato, Bell pepper, Onion bulb and Onion leaf samples. The mean concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr in Tomato are 2.437, 0.869, 0.367, 1.325, 0.649, 2.090, 15.255 mg/kg respectively. Average concentrations of these HMs in Bell pepper are 3.713, 1.225, 0.361, 1.619, 0.382, 3.071, 9.279 mg/kg respectively. While in Onion bulb are 4.123, 0.878, 0.282, 2.438, 1.175, 5.848, 28.219 mg/kg respectively. Mean concentrations observed in Onion leaves are 3.697, 1.001, 0.716, 1.145, 1.017, 1.191, 10.993 mg/kg for Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr respectively. The orders for HMs accumulations in vegetables are Cr>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co>Cd for Tomato and Bell pepper samples, Cr>Cu>Zn>Ni>Co>Pb>Cd for Onion bulb and Cr>Zn>Cu>Ni>Co>Pb>Cd for Onion leaves. Hg was not detected in all the vegetable samples. The mean concentrations for Zn, Cd and Cr exceeded permissible limits in all the vegetable samples.
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF FLOOD ON THE COMMUNITIES IN DUTSIN-MA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Hassan Abdulhakim Wagini , Ahmed Abdulrazak , Halliru Yunusa , Zakari Ahmad Yahya , Jallo Ibrahim Umar , Abdulkadir Jabir , Umar Abdulmumin Sulaiman
Published: January 2024

Floods is one of the most disturbing environmental hazards in Dutsin Ma Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria. The resulting effect is on property loss, economy and the environment. On this basis, this research was carried out to evaluate flood risk areas in Dutsin-ma local government area of Katsina State. a questionnaire survey gathered information regarding flood in the research area. geospatial approaches were used to obtain Satellite imagery of 2020 from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Google Earth platform. Multi Criteria Evaluation approach was used to develop flood risk-vulnerability map for the Dutsin-Ma. Findings from this study shows that 19% of the respondents believed that relocating people to higher grounds is the best way to mitigate the impact of flood, about 22.8% of the respondents believed that construction and maintenance of new drainages is a good option. Result for vulnerability assessment shows that Makera South, Makera North, Garhi East, Garhi West, Sakarya, Kitibawa, Gandi and Makwanta are identified as very high-risk areas. Other high-risk areas include Gidan Gamawa, Garin Mallam, Koranwaya, Wawaye, Zaki, Dage, Taka, Korafawa, Unguwan Nassarawa, Gago, Mawashi and Karki. The study recommended that Distribution of adequate relief materials and public enlightenment would assist to reduce the impact of in the study area. Result of this study can be beneficial to relevant professional bodies and agencies such as town planners, land use land cover planners, emergency, and contingency planners and the general public for control and management of flood.
Accepting Massive Problems
Authors: Castino Alessandra
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the process of the assessment and eventual acceptance of the existence of dark matter by the Western astronomy community in the period between 1930s and 1980s. By applying the framework of theoretical scientonomy, I trace the acceptance of two anomalous phenomena: the high mass-to-light ratio observed in galactic clusters, first documented by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky in 1933, and the flat rotation curves of galaxies first observed by American astronomers Vera Rubin and Kent Ford in 1970. I also highlight how the community accepted two second-order propositions stating the inconsistency of these phenomena with the rest of the astronomical mosaic. I show that the acceptance of the existence of dark matter resulted from the acceptance of the existence of these anomalous phenomena and took place between 1982-1985, rather than in the mid-1970s as was previously assumed.
Dilemma of the First Law
Authors: Pandey Aayu
Published: January 2024

It is unclear whether the first law forbids any conceivable scenarios or whether it is a tautology. This paper examines the first law with the goal of clarifying which scenarios it allows and which ones it forbids. I begin by highlighting a number of problems with the current formulations of the first laws for theories, methods, and questions, as well as the respective rejection theorems. New formulations for these laws and theorems are suggested to ensure their uniformity and the validity of their deductions. Next, I discuss a series of scenarios of theory replacement allowed by the first laws, such as the replacement by negation, the replacement by an answer to a different question, the replacement that involves the rejection of the question, and the replacement by a higher-order proposition. I then consider scenarios that are forbidden by the first law and show that this class only includes cases of rejection without replacement such as instances of element decay. This creates a dilemma. On the one hand, if cases of rejection without replacement are classified as non-scientonomic phenomena, the first law is a tautology. On the other hand, if such cases are classified as scientonomic phenomena, then the first law is not a tautology, but these cases stand as violations of the first law. The paper resolves this dilemma by opting for the former option: cases of rejection without replacement such as element decay due to catastrophic loss of records or destroyed communities are non-scientonomic, and should be considered as outside the scope of our discipline.
Trajectory Optimization for a 6 DOF Robotic Arm Based on Reachability Time
Authors: Mousa Mahmoud A. A. , Elgohr Abdelrahman T. , Khater Hatem A.
Published: January 2024

The design of the robotic arm's trajectory is based on inverse kinematics problem solving, with additional refinements of certain criteria. One common design issue is the trajectory optimization of the robotic arm. Due to the difficulty of the work in the past, many of the suggested ways only resulted in a marginal improvement. This paper introduces two approaches to solve the problem of achieving robotic arm trajectory control while maintaining the minimum reachability time. These two approaches are based on rule-based optimization and a genetic algorithm. The way we addressed the problem here is based on the robot’s forward and inverse kinematics and takes into account the minimization of operating time throughout the operation cycle. The proposed techniques were validated, and all recommended criteria were compared on the trajectory optimization of the KUKA KR 4 R600 six-degree-of-freedom robot. As a conclusion, the genetic based algorithm behaves better than the rule-based one in terms of achieving a minimal trip time. We found that solutions generated by the Genetic based algorithm are approximately 3 times faster than the other solutions generated by the rule-based algorithm to the same paths. We argue that as the rule-based algorithm produces its solutions after discovering all the problem’s searching space which is time consuming, and it is not the case as per the genetic based algorithm.
Şanlıurfa ve çevresinde yetiştirilen süt sığırlarında süt kalite parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: KAHRAMAN Mücahit , DAŞ Aydın , GÜNGÖREN Gülşah , KESKİNBIÇAK Yakup , YALÇİN Hamza
Published: January 2024

Yapılan bu araştırmada, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Kahramanmaraş ve Şanlıurfa illerinde yetiştirilen süt sığırlarında süt kalite parametrelerinin genel hatlarıyla belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada hayvan materyali olarak 5162 baş kültür sığırı ırkı kullanılmıştır. Süt kalite özellikleri Bentley Combi 150 Cihazı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara en yüksek yağ, protein, laktoz ve kuru madde oranı sırasıyla %4,02; 3,34; 4,91 ve 13,18 olarak Adıyaman ilinde tespit edilmiştir. Somatik hücre sayıları Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Kahramanmaraş ve Şanlıurfa illerinde sırasıyla 270, 704, 230 ve 553 x 103 hücre/ ml olarak saptanmıştır. İller arasında yağ, protein, laktoz, kuru madde, üre ve somatik hücre sayısı değerlerinde yüksek düzeyde anlamlı istatistiksel farklılık tespit edilmiştir (P
GENDER DETERMINATION AMONG CHILDREN USING CAST ANALYSIS OF DECIDUOUS DENTITION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Imtiaz Javaria , Ullah Ihsan , Mohammad Samrina , Khan Ahmad , Ullah Asmat , Farhan Dil
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To explore the literature search on cast analysis of deciduous teeth in children for identification of their gender, to describe the validity of cast analysis in gender determination and assess that either a diff erence exists between the deciduous teeth dimensions among girls and boys.
Materials and Methods: Different online databases were used for searching articles in last 12 years, search terms were “gender determination among children using cast analysis”. Only those articles were analyzed for further review which worked on odontometric analysis of deciduous teeth used for gender estimation while we excluded those articles which studied cast analysis on permanent teeth and mixed dentition for gender determination, review articles and case reports.
Results: Three cross sectional studies were included in this research article, based on pediatric population. In all studies deciduous teeth cast analysis was performed. One study showed that maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, molar and mandibular canine exhibit sexual dimorphism. Other study found that primary molars dimensions were signifi cantly diff erent in both  genders. Third study concluded that primary teeth dimensions were greater in male than female.
Conclusion: This study concluded that primary teeth showed sexual dimorphism, so the primary dentition can used in forensic investigation for identifi cation of gender in children.
RECENT PATTERN OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ITS RISK FACTORS: COMPARISION IN GENDER AND AGE GROUPS
Authors: Shah Abid Ullah , Bahrul Amin  , Muhammad Shahzeb  , Muhammad Tayyeb  , Asad Khan  , Naqash Ahmad  , Muhammad Imran  , Shehryar Ahmad  , Ashfaq Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To determine the various pattern and risk factors of coronary artery disease and to find their association in age groups (young and old) and gender.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, in Peshawar from April to Sep 2021. Patients being 20-45 years of age are considered young and 46-85 years as old age group. Total 153 coronary artery dsisease patients with history of recent myocardial infarction were included, whereas with history of PCI/CABG, congenital coronary artery disease, and contraindications for angiography were excluded. All the data collected after angiography via questionnaire and analyzed on SPSS version 23.
Results: The mean age of 153 coronary artery disease patients was 58.59±9.68 years. Patients were more in old age group. Coronary artery disease risk factors seen more in old aged and males but significant association (p<0.05) found between hypertension and old aged group, and also males coronary artery dsisease patients are highly likely to be smoker and have family history. On angiography Left anterior descending artery disease was found in majority 123 (80.3%) and triple vessel disease was found more in old aged group and males but no association (p>0.05) found between various pattern of CAD with either age groups and gender.
Conclusion: CAD with its various pattern and risk factors are commonly found in old age and males, also a non-ignorant concern in young age and females.
Effects Of Organic Substance And Plant Growth Regulators On Yield Attributes And Quality Of Guava Cv. Lucknow 49
Authors: Dabhi DM , Patel Mj , Macwan SJ
Published: January 2024

In the present study effects of organic substance and plant growth regulators on yield attributes and quality of guava cv. Lucknow 49 were conducted during 2021-2022. Results indicated that foliar application of novel organic liquid fertilizer (40 ml/l) gave higher yield parameters viz. number of flowers per branch, fruit set, weight per fruit, fruit volume, fruit diameter, fruit length, pulp weight per fruit, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield (kg/plant) during both the years and in pooled data. In quality parameters, higher chlorophyll content and pulp: seed ratio were recorded with novel organic liquid fertilizer (40 ml/l) during both the years and in pooled data. However, organic substance and plant growth regulators treatments showed non-significant effect on total seed weight per fruit in both the years as well as in pooled data.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(4): 971-978, 2023 (December)
Optimization of cultural parameters for lipase production by indigenous stenotrophomonas sp. And pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from lipid-rich environments
Authors: Aktar Lovely , Saha Mihir Lal
Published: January 2024

The present study aims to identify prospective lipase-producing bacteria and optimize different culture parameters to produce maximum lipase. A total of 37 lipase-positive bacteria were isolated from lipid-rich environments. Among them, strains S1N-2 and S10P-1 were found to have potential and were molecularly identified as Stenotrophomonas species ICMM10 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa BA7823, respectively. For maximum lipase production, the optimum pH was 7 and the temperature was 37ºC. Using these conditions, the isolates were grown on media with additional carbon and nitrogen sources along with different inoculum concentrations. The maximum amount of lipase produced by Stenotrophomonas sp. ICMM10 was 136.47 ± 1.63 U/ml, which is 5-fold higher than before. Pseudomonas aeruginosa BA7823 produced a maximum lipase of 96.33 ± 0.21 U/ml, which was about 9-fold higher than before. These results would provide useful information about lipase production by indigenous isolates, which may be employed as a potential bacterial lipase source of biotechnological interest.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(4): 979-988, 2023 (December)
Effects of seedling dipping and foliar application of nano dap on growth, yield and economics of fine rice
Authors: Attri Meenakshi , Sharma Neetu , Mehta Swati , Mecarty Joy Samuel
Published: January 2024

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of seedling dipping and foliar application of phosphorus on growth, yield and economics of fine rice. The experimental results revealed that 75% recommended nitrogen, phosphorus and 100% recommended potassium + seedling dipping with nano di-ammonium phosphate @ 5 ml/litre + foliar spray with nano di-ammonium phosphate @ 4 ml/litre application recorded significantly higher growth, yield and yield attributes, which was statistically at par with, 50% recommended nitrogen, phosphorus +100% recommended potassium + seedling treatment with nano di-ammonium phosphate @ 5 ml/litre+ 2 foliar spray with nano di-ammonium phosphate each @ 4 ml/litre and @ 2 ml/litre and 100% recommended nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, 50% recommended nitrogen, phosphorus +100% recommended potassium + seedling treatment with nano di-ammonium phosphate @ 5 ml/litre+ 2 foliar spray with nano nano di-ammonium phosphate each @ 4 ml/litre recorded significantly highest agro physiological efficiency. However, in terms of economics 75% recommended nitrogen, phosphorus and 100% recommended potassium + seedling dipping with nano di-ammonium phosphate @ 5 ml/litre + foliar spray with nano nano di-ammonium phosphate @ 4 ml/litre recorded highest net returns and benefit cost ratio.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(4): 1025-1031, 2023 (December)
Changes in internal structure and nutritional quality with different types of maize kernels during Grain filling period
Authors: Guo Qiang , Li Juan , Cui Jingjing , She Huadi
Published: January 2024

To understand the changes in grain internal structure and nutrients during maize filling, Jingkenuo 2000 (waxy corn), Chaosweet 2000 (sweet corn), and Zhengdan 958 (common corn) were used as test materials. This study observed the internal structure of the corn grain and measured the change in nutritional quality during the filling period. Throughout the determination stage, the starch granules did not fill the whole endosperm cell in Chaosweet 2000, and the cell wall was clearly visible. By contrast, the starch granules filled the whole endosperm cell in Jingkenuo 2000 and Zhengdan 958. The protein content in Chaosweet 2000 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in Jingkenuo 2000 and Zhengdan 958. With the extension of post-pollination time, the content of soluble sugar decreased significantly (P<0.05) in Chaosweet 2000, Jingkenuo 2000, and Zhengdan 958.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(4): 1077-1084, 2023 (December)