bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cascade of HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment Services in Morocco in 2019
Authors: Sakhri Noureddine
Published: February 2022

Background

The HIV care cascade is a way to show the proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) engaged at each stage of HIV care. Analyzing an HIV testing, care, and treatment cascade provides a framework for evaluating and improving service delivery.

Objective

The objective of this study is to analyze the continuums of HIV prevention, care, and treatment services at the national level in Morocco for the period 2015-2019.

Methods

This is a retrospective study concerning the reference centers for HIV care in Morocco carried out in 2019. Three types of cascades of HIV prevention and care were studied: a transversal cascade at the national level (2019), a longitudinal cascade for newly diagnosed PLHIV (between 2015 and 2017), and a cascade of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) among pregnant women (2016-2017).

Results

For the transversal cascade of the year 2019, the objectives of the three 90s were achieved except for the 1st 90 with a difference of 12%. For the longitudinal cascade after the start of treatment between 2015-2017, retention under treatment at 48 months was 83.3%, at 36 months was 83.8%, and at 24 months 91.0%. The 48-month loss to follow-up rate was 12.5%; 7.0% at 36 months; and 4.0% at 24 months. More than 90% of PLHIV started antiretrovirals within 3 months of diagnosis. The 2016-2017 PMTCT cascade conducted on 13 pregnant women according to available data indicated the absence of transmission of HIV from mothers to their children.

Conclusions

Our 2019 HIV cascade study demonstrated several successes. The achievement of the three 90s except for the first objective (of people who know their status), good retention of PLHIV in long-term treatment, and the success of PMTCT especially since Morocco aims to validate the elimination of mother-to-child transmission.
An Android-Based Mobile App (ARVPredictor) for the Detection of HIV Drug-Resistance Mutations and Treatment at the Point of Care: Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ongadi Beatrice , Lihana Raphael , Kiiru John , Ngayo Musa , Obiero George
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

HIV/AIDS remains one of the major global human health challenges, especially in resource-limited environments. By 2017, over 77.3 million people were infected with the disease, and approximately 35.4 million individuals had already died from AIDS-related illnesses. Approximately 21.7 million people were accessing ART with significant clinical outcomes. However, numerous challenges are experienced in the delivery and accurate interpretation of data on patients with HIV data by various health care providers at different care levels. Mobile health (mHealth) technology is progressively making inroads into the health sector as well as medical research. Different mobile devices have become common in health care settings, leading to rapid growth in the development of downloadable software specifically designed to fulfill particular health-related purposes.

OBJECTIVE

We developed a mobile-based app called ARVPredictor and demonstrated that it can accurately define HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations in the HIV pol gene for use at the point of care.

METHODS

ARVPredictor was designed using Android Studio with Java as the programming language and is compatible with both Android and iOS. The app system is hosted on Nginx Server, and network calls are built on PHP’s Laravel framework handled by the Retrofit Library. The DigitalOcean offers a high-performance and stable cloud computing platform for ARVPredictor. This mobile app is enlisted in the Google Play Store as an “ARVPredictor” and the source code is available under MIT permissive license at a GitHub repository. To test for agreement between the ARVPredictor and Stanford HIV Database in detecting HIV subtype and NNRT and NRTI mutations, a total of 100 known HIV sequences were evaluated.

RESULTS

The mobile-based app (ARVPredictor) takes in a set of sequences or known mutations (protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase). It then returns inferred levels of resistance to selected nucleoside, nonnucleoside protease, and integrase inhibitors for accurate HIV/AIDS management at the point of care. The ARVPredictor identified similar HIV subtypes in 98/100 sequences compared with the Stanford HIV Database (κ=0.98, indicating near perfect agreement). There were 89/100 major NNRTI and NRTI mutations identified by ARVPredictor, similar to the Stanford HIV Database (κ=0.89, indicating near perfect agreement). Eight mutations classified as major by the Stanford HIV Database were classified as others by ARVPredictor.

CONCLUSIONS

The ARVPredictor largely agrees with the Stanford HIV Database in identifying both major and minor proteases, reverse transcriptase, and integrase mutations. The app can be conveniently used robustly at the point of care by HIV/AIDS care providers to improve the management of HIV infection.
Cascade of HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment Services in Morocco in 2019 (Preprint)
Authors: Sakhri Noureddine
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The HIV care cascade is a way to show the proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) engaged at each stage of HIV care. Analyzing an HIV testing, care, and treatment cascade provides a framework for evaluating and improving service delivery.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to analyze the continuums of HIV prevention, care, and treatment services at the national level in Morocco for the period 2015-2019.

METHODS

This is a retrospective study concerning the reference centers for HIV care in Morocco carried out in 2019. Three types of cascades of HIV prevention and care were studied: a transversal cascade at the national level (2019), a longitudinal cascade for newly diagnosed PLHIV (between 2015 and 2017), and a cascade of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) among pregnant women (2016-2017).

RESULTS

For the transversal cascade of the year 2019, the objectives of the three 90s were achieved except for the 1st 90 with a difference of 12%. For the longitudinal cascade after the start of treatment between 2015-2017, retention under treatment at 48 months was 83.3%, at 36 months was 83.8%, and at 24 months 91.0%. The 48-month loss to follow-up rate was 12.5%; 7.0% at 36 months; and 4.0% at 24 months. More than 90% of PLHIV started antiretrovirals within 3 months of diagnosis. The 2016-2017 PMTCT cascade conducted on 13 pregnant women according to available data indicated the absence of transmission of HIV from mothers to their children.

CONCLUSIONS

Our 2019 HIV cascade study demonstrated several successes. The achievement of the three 90s except for the first objective (of people who know their status), good retention of PLHIV in long-term treatment, and the success of PMTCT especially since Morocco aims to validate the elimination of mother-to-child transmission.
The Role of Mealtimes in Fostering Language Development and Aligning Home and School Learning: Protocol for a Multi-Method Study of Preschool Children in Rural Kenya and Zambia (Preprint)
Authors: Zeidler Henriette , Farrow Claire , Jarman Megan , Koteng Grace , Simatende Barnabas , Matthews Danielle , Mooya Haatembo , Shapiro Laura R , Wadende Pamela
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The association between school and home is fundamental to sustainable education: parents’ understanding of the school’s priorities and teachers’ understanding of their pupils’ home environment are both vital for children to remain in school and succeed academically. The relationship between parents and teachers is closest in preschool settings, providing a valuable opportunity to build bridges between home and school. In this protocol paper, we outline our planned methods for identifying beneficial home and school behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

Our project aims to identify culture-specific structures and behaviors in home and school settings, which influence the quantity and quality of child-directed speech and identify positive experiences that can help improve children’s linguistic development and nutrition.

METHODS

Using a mixed methods approach and focusing on early language learning, nutrition, and responsive caregiving, we will video-record and analyze mealtime language and eating behaviors at home and in school, targeting 80 preschool children and their families in rural Kenya and Zambia. In addition, we will assess children’s language skills through audio recordings and use questionnaire-based interviews to collect extensive sociodemographic and dietary data.

RESULTS

Between the start of our project in January 2020 and the end of December 2021, we had collected complete sets of sociodemographic, observational, and food recall data for 40 children in Kenya and 16 children in Zambia. By the end of May 2022, we had started data collection for an additional 24 children in Zambia and transcribed and coded approximately 85% of the data. By the end of September, 2022, we plan to complete data collection, transcription, and coding for the entire sample of 80 children across both countries. From September 2022 onwards, we will focus on analyzing our language data, and we hope to have results ready for publication in early 2023. By relating children’s language outcomes and nutritional intake to the observed mealtime behaviors, we hope to identify practices that increase the quantity and quality of child-directed speech and improve children’s nutritional intake.

CONCLUSIONS

Good nutrition and the promotion of language learning are key issues in early childhood development. By using a cross-cultural approach, combining a variety of methods, and working closely with stakeholders and policy makers throughout the project, we hope to find and share best practices for improving children’s linguistic outcomes and nutrition and lay the foundation for the development of practitioner networks and parent outreach programs.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/36925
Хронічна інсомнія і методи її корекції (за результатами клінічного дослідження)
Authors: Mishchenko T.S. , Zabrodina L.P. , Mishchenko V.N. , Bovt Yu.V.
Published: February 2022

У статті розглядаються питання класифікації, факторів ризику, патофізіології, патогенезу й методів лікування інсомнії — найбільш поширеного виду порушень нічного сну. Автори наводять результати дослідження, метою якого став аналіз ефективності й безпеки препарату Левана® IC порівняно з препаратом Імован® у лікуванні інсомнії. Було залучено 60 хворих із клінічними симптомами первинної хронічної інсомнії. Лікування тривало 14 днів. Для оцінки ефективності лікування були використані такі методи дослідження: психодіагностичний (з використанням анкет і опитувальників), полісомнографія, статистичний. Проведене дослідження показало, що за більшістю якісних і кількісних показників оцінки сну препарат Левана® IC продемонстрував швидку й виражену клінічну ефективність, що було підтверджено результатами полісомнографії.
Cultivar la diversidad e inclusión en la educación
Authors: Cervantes López Verónica
Published: February 2022

A través de los años, la educación en México ha tenido constantes cambios debido a las diferentes reformas educativas, con la visión de elevar la calidad educativa, tomando en cuenta la diversidad e inclusión de los alumnos en todos los ámbitos del contexto escolar donde se desenvuelven. Resulta inquietante lo que será la educación dentro de pocos años con un sistema educativo justo e incluyente, ya que en la actualidad se llevan a cabo diversas estrategias de oportunidad para que los alumnos sean tomados en cuenta y ver la diversidad de cada uno como herramienta que favorezca el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y engrandecer las culturas y diferencias.
La descolonización de la investigación, la enseñanza y las prácticas en envejecimiento
Authors: Martínez Maldonado María de la Luz , González Cuevas Carolina Angélica , Leyva Piña Marco Antonio , Mecalco López Moisés , Olvera Grande Montserrat , Padilla Mendoza Blanca Margarita Andrea , Romero Rosales Itzel de Jesús , Vivaldo Martínez Juan Pablo , Vivaldo Martínez Marissa , Zecua Fernández Germán , Arenas Sánchez Yazmín Violeta , Erazo Pérez José Marte Abí
Published: February 2022

Esta obra representa una propuesta para reflexionar sobre las formas en que se llevan a cabo las prácticas sociales con las personas que envejecen. Desde la mirada de las Epistemologías del Sur, se problematiza sobre quiénes son las personas que envejecen, pero también quienes investigamos o intervenimos con ellas desde distintos lugares. Con el objetivo de obtener una visión más amplia sobre la complejidad del envejecimiento y la vejez, el texto incorpora categorías que, en su conjunto, posibilitan replantear las formas en las que construimos el conocimiento y las prácticas para las personas mayores. Los derechos humanos, la interculturalidad, el género, la educación, la salud, la transdisciplina y la Gerontología Comunitaria constituyen perspectivas y categorías que abonan a la descolonización de las práctivas en envejecimiento, así como a la reflexión y a la construcción de 'otras' estrategias para construir un diálogo entre el Norte y el Sur epistemológico para reconocer la diversidad de 'vejeces'.
JASON AND THE GREEK EPIC HERO IN LIGHT OF ARCHETYPAL CRITICISM
Authors:   University of Zadar, Glavan Maria Mariola
Published: February 2022

Frye’s seminal work on literary criticism is used as the theoretical basis for this paper, which examines the role of Jason as the hero of the Argonautica in light of archetypal criticism. Through close reading and analysis of the text of Apollonius’ Argonautica in conjunction with reflection upon Frye’s archetypal criticism as related in his Anatomy of Criticism it is demonstrated that Jason may only superficially be identified as a hero, as his characterization, in many instances, breaks the rules of the Greek epic genre, this being especially evident considering the role of Medea in the third and fourth books of The Argonautica.
THE VISIONARY FROM WACKYLAND: BOB CLAMPETT’S EARLY FILMS
Authors:   University of Zadar, Petković Rajko
Published: February 2022

Taking the example of early films by Bob Clampett, one of the most important animators of Classical Hollywood cinema, the paper explores the dichotomy between the so-called artistic animation and animation as a product of the Hollywood assembly lines and mass production system. While the former is seen as a proper art form and has a venerable treatment in animation studies, the latter is underappreciated, neglected and often dealt with in a patronizing way. This dichotomy is the main reason why the field of animation studies is very often elitist and full of biased and unbalanced approaches, wherein modernist works are seriously analysed, while the lighter, entertainment-oriented Hollywood fare is dismissed with condescension. However, as also argued by Fawell, the light touch and elegance of these films today makes them among the most significant works to come out of Hollywood. Bob Clampett directed 87 films in his career and the present paper deals with his early phase, namely the 40 Looney Tunes, which were all made in black-and-white and starred Porky. Although his later phase is beyond doubt more important and considered today among the most intriguing contributions to Hollywood animation, many of his early works also brim with energy and a feeling of vitality. Clampett's early phase has so far been inadequately explored, but is also of immense importance for any serious analysis of the development of his style.
Review on Home Automation Using Google Assistance
Authors: Ambulkar Pradnya
Published: February 2022

Abstract: After COVID 19 the nearly ninety percentage global have become completely relies upon on internet, and from very smallest matters to large smatters most humans take assist from Google to locate their answer in clean manner subsequently the once more simplest manner to attain our thoughts inside a seconds to phrases Google assistant thru microphone for keep away from now no longer handiest keyboard, tipping error show ever additionally keep the time which we spent for kind our thoughts in Google seek bar. Hence we studied on Internet of Things (IOT) and we were given fulfilment to locate simplest manner to show on advert flip off any styles of outside load which we use in our domestic like Bulb, Fan, Ac, Television, etc. Here we are able to proportion simple information of Google assistant based completely home automation system, as consistent with mission we take 4 channel relay module to attach outside output supply as 4 extra ordinary coloration of bulb to reveal 4 extra ordinary outputs the use of ESP8266 microcontroller and arduino IDE software. Keywords: Bulbs, 4 channel Relay, IoT, and ESP 8266 Controller
Smart Highway with Green Energy
Authors: Zalwar Komal
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Abstract: In today’s globalized world, road is that the suggests that to be a part of countries, cities, towns etc. In recent years all the previous technologies modified into new technology like icebox, TV, Washing Machine, cooler etc. All the items as modified however highways aren't modified. The "Smart Highway" is that the conception to create road roads smarter, safer, and a lot of energy economical for generating electricity exploitation alternative energy, wind energy, for charging the vehicle's exploitation these energies, for lighting, and for observation the condition of the road. The vehicle moving on roads generates great deal of energy in kind of vibration that is utterly wasted in addition they manufacture greenhouse gases that ultimately results in warming and depletes layer. So, there's a desire to create some revolutionary changes in conception of highways. We have a tendency to will use the vibration energy made by vehicles that is born-again into electricity. Equally by exploitation completely different techniques, wind energy, alternative energy and alternative form of inexperienced energies made on road as conjointly born-again into electricity. So, in this paper we have a tendency to be attempting to throw some lightweight on techniques of utilizing inexperienced energy on road in fruitful manner. Keywords: sensible highways, Vibration energy, alternative energy, Wind energy, semiconductor diode lightening
Smart Materials- Types & Applications
Authors: Maheswari Anusuri Uma
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Smart Materials are also known as advanced materials or intelligent materials or responsive materials. These materials can be defined as advanced materials that can respond smartly to environmental changes. The general feature of all smart materials is the fact that one or more properties might be significantly altered under controlled conditions by external stimuli such as stress, moisture, electric fields, magnetic fields, light, temperature etc.. This study focuses on Smart Materials types and applications in various fields. Keywords: Actuator, Piezoelectric, Sensors, Shape Memory Alloys, Smart Materials.
A Review on Adaptive Hierarchy Segmentation of Bone Cancer Using Neural Network in MATLAB
Authors: Markhande Hemant
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Medical imaging is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of illness, the detection of tumours and the early detection of malignant cells. Microscopic pictures have traditionally been used to detect bone characteristics as a conventional technique. Using micro radiography, which requires several exposures and is labor-intensive, these pictures were captured. This method is unable to distinguish between malignant and non-cancerous cells since the pictures are filled with noise. Image processing analysis has to be automated and dependable in order to be effective. Denoising is the initial step in image processing, and it must be done without interfering with the diagnostic information in the process. Noise and blur are introduced in the picture during the earlier step. We've built soft and hard threshold with a variety of coefficients and measured the threshold in order to obtain exact picture processing. Pre-processing approaches for removing noise and obtaining smooth pictures were discussed throughout our presentation. The picture quality will be improved and false segments will be removed as a result of this procedure. The K-means method was used to identify the presence of bone cancer and to assess its stage, while edge segmentation was employed to smooth out the image. GA analysis relies heavily on the ability to discriminate between benign and malignant bone tumour development. The primary goal of our study was to accurately forecast or identify bone tumours at the appropriate time and stage. Using our image processing and genetic method, we were able to accurately identify bone tumours, which would then aid in the right treatment of therapy. Keywords: Cancer, bone cancer, osteosarcoma, Ewing, image segmentation, edge based segmentation, region based segmentation
Tailoring Term Truncations for Electronic Structure Calculations Using a Linear Combination of Unitaries
Authors: Meister Richard , Benjamin Simon C. , Campbell Earl T.
Published: February 2022

A highly anticipated use of quantum computers is the simulation of complex quantum systems including molecules and other many-body systems. One promising method involves directly applying a linear combination of unitaries (LCU) to approximate a Taylor series by truncating after some order. Here we present an adaptation of that method, optimized for Hamiltonians with terms of widely varying magnitude, as is commonly the case in electronic structure calculations. We show that it is more efficient to apply LCU using a truncation that retains larger magnitude terms as determined by an iterative procedure. We obtain bounds on the simulation error for this generalized truncated Taylor method, and for a range of molecular simulations, we report these bounds as well as exact numerical results. We find that our adaptive method can typically improve the simulation accuracy by an order of magnitude, for a given circuit depth.
Noise-resistant Landau-Zener sweeps from geometrical curves
Authors: Zhuang Fei , Zeng Junkai , Economou Sophia E. , Barnes Edwin
Published: February 2022

Landau-Zener physics is often exploited to generate quantum logic gates and to perform state initialization and readout. The quality of these operations can be degraded by noise fluctuations in the energy gap at the avoided crossing. We leverage a recently discovered correspondence between qubit evolution and space curves in three dimensions to design noise-robust Landau-Zener sweeps through an avoided crossing. In the case where the avoided crossing is purely noise-induced, we prove that operations based on monotonic sweeps cannot be robust to noise. Hence, we design families of phase gates based on non-monotonic drives that are error-robust up to second order. In the general case where there is an avoided crossing even in the absence of noise, we present a general technique for designing robust driving protocols that takes advantage of a relationship between the Landau-Zener problem and space curves of constant torsion.
A Comparative Study To Find Out The Effectiveness Of Myofascial Release Technique Along With Stretching Versus Myofascial Release Technique In Patients With Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Yeasmin Lipa Laizu , Kalita Abhijit , Dutta Abhijit
Published: February 2022

Plantar Fasciitis (PF) is a common cause of heel pain which occurs mostly due to weight-bearing, standing occupation, injury to the heel of foot. It is often characterized by progressive pain with weight-bearing, especially the first few steps in the morning often persisting for months. Present literatures provides management strategies for this musculoskeletal issue, where different protocols were studied for their effectiveness. Myofascial release technique, plantar fascia stretching, ultrasound therapy, etc were all proven to be effective in the management of PF, but there exists very little evidence that studied the combined effects of the different physical interventions. Therefore the main objective of the study was to determine the effects of the MFR technique in combination with stretching for patients with plantar fasciitis and to find out whether this combination of interventions proved better than MFR alone. 30 subjects participated and were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=15). Group- A (control) received Myofascial Release Technique and Group B (experimental) received Myofascial Release Technique with stretching technique. Both the groups received Ultrasound therapy as a common modality. All the subjects of both groups were assessed by the Visual Analog Scale and Foot Function Index of ankle joints before and after receiving treatment. The data was analyzed statistically by using paired t-test and independent t-test. In the comparison of both groups, it was found out that the mean values of VAS (t= 4.25) and FFI (t= 4.53) of the experimental group (Group B) was highly significant (p=0.00) which concluded that Myofascial Release Technique with stretching technique is more effective in Plantar fasciitis management than only Myofascial Release Technique. From this study, conclusions could be made that in the management of Plantar fasciitis the Myofascial Release Technique with stretching technique was more precise and beneficial than only MFR technique in relieving pain and increasing functional ability.
Assessment Of Oral Hygiene And Life Style Pattern Among Transgender Population In Tamilnadu
Authors: Shanmugam Manikandan , Kumaran Navaneethakrishnan Kurinchi , Venkatachalam Bhaskar , Kandasamy Rajasigamani , Prasanth Baalann Krishna
Published: February 2022

Dental illnesses are found all around the world. Always good oral hygiene practices can minimize the negative effects of periodontal diseases. Assessing oral hygiene behaviour willhelp in improving their oral health status and also in planning oral health strategies specific to transgender population. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of oral hygiene practices and life style among transgender population residing in Tamilnadu. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the transgenders residing in Tamilnadu. A structured questionnaire was used to get the data regarding oral hygiene practices and lifestyle patterns. Data related to oral hygiene and lifestyle were collected after getting the informed consent from each subject. A total of 250 transgenders were enrolled in this study, of which 81% are using tobacco and majority of them were non-vegetarian. 89% of them were using tooth brush for cleaning teeth and 75% of them had dental problems. Majority (85%) of them had visited dental clinic for their dental problem. Both government and private hospitals are used in equal proportion for their dental treatment. The major reason to visit the dentist was to fill their teeth . . While assessing the life style, most of them were using face cream (71%) to improve their appearance followed by lipstick, eyeliner and nail polish. Most of them were thinking that smile is most important for them than talk due to their voice chance. For abetter smile, they were using lipstick and frequent cleaning of their teeth (74%).Oral health status helps to influence the quality of Life style among the transgender population. They should be educated and motivated to overcome the barriers and seek professional dental help. This necessitates a tailored intervention to satisfy the needs of this population in future.
Sücüllü Baraj Gölü’nün (Isparta) Trofik Durumunun Belirlenmesi
Authors: Aslantürk Ayça , Çetinkaya Osman
Published: February 2022

Isparta ili Yalvaç ilçesi sınırları içerisinde, Orta Akdeniz (Antalya) havzasında yer alan Sücüllü Baraj Gölü 1973 yılında sulama ve sel kontrolü amacıyla inşa edilmiş, daha sonra sazan aşılanmış ve kafeslerde alabalık yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılmıştır. Mayıs 2017 - Nisan 2018 arasında yapılan bu çalışma ile Sücüllü Baraj Gölü’nün trofik durumunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sücüllü Baraj Gölü’de çözünmüş oksijen, toplam fosfor , Secchi disk derinliği, klorofil-a (Chl-a) ölçümleri ve analizleri, hidrolojik koşullar, morfoloji ve baraj gölünün kullanımı dikkate alınarak belirlenen örnekleme noktalarında aylık olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sücüllü Baraj Gölü’nde ortalama olarak çözünmüş oksijen 9,29 ± 0,44 mg / L, Secchi diski derinliği 1,16 ± 0,09 m, Chl-a 1,85 ± 0,52 μg / L ve toplam fosfor 41,14 ± 21,5 μg / L belirlenmiştir. Parametreler, örnekleme istasyonları ve aylar arasında değişim göstermiştir. Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği trofik durum indeksine göre Sücüllü Baraj Gölü’nün suyu toplam fosfor ve Secchi diski derinliği açısından ötrofik karakter gösterirken, Chl-a ve çözünmüş oksijen açısından oligotrofik karakter gösterir. Carlson Trophic State indeksine göre Chl-a TSI değeri oligotrofik iken Secchi diski derinliği, toplam fosfor ve ortalama TSI ötrofik olarak belirlendi. Muhtemelen yerleşim ve tarım alanlarından gelen yüzey suyu ve kafes balıkçılığı, Sücüllü Baraj Gölü’nün trofik durumunu etkilemektedir.
Karanfil Yağının Japon Balığının (Carassius auratus) Anestezisinde Optimal Konsantrasyonu ve Balığın Taşınmasında Stoklama Yoğunluğuna Etkisi
Authors: Yanar Mahmut , Gürkan Kazım Ergin , Evliyaoğlu Ece
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmada, karanfil yağının ortalama ağırlığı 4,16±0,61 g olan japon balığının (Carassius auratus) derin anestezi (30 dk) ve taşınması (15 s) için etkili olan konsantrasyonları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca karanfil yağının balıkların 15 s süreli taşınmasında stoklama yoğunluğu üzerindeki etkisi belirlenmiştir. Karanfil yağının konsantrasyonu ve uygulama süresine bağlı olarak anesteziye giriş süresi 2 ile 11 dk, kendine gelme süresi ise 5 ile 17 dk arasında değişmiştir. Balıkların solunum sayısı anestezi içermeyen suda 73/dk iken, karanfil yağı uygulanmış olanlarda konsantrasyon ve uygulama süresine bağlı olarak 104/dk’ya kadar çıkmıştır. Karafil yağının 30 dk sürede hafif anestezi için 6-12 µL/L, derin anestezi için 18-24 µL/L; 15 s sürede hafif anestezi için 6-9 µL/L, derin anestezi için 12-18 µL/L konsantrasyonları güvenle kullanılabilir. Karanfil yağının toksik konsantrasyonları 30 dk uygulama için 42 µL/L, 15 s uygulama için 21 µL/L olarak saptanmıştır. Balıkların 15 s süreli taşınmasında taşıma suyuna karanfil yağı ilavesinin balığın yaşama oranı üzerine bir etkisi olmamıştır. Jüvenil japon balıklarının 3/4 oksijen basılmış naylon torbalarda 15 s süre ile taşınmasında, %98-99 yaşama oranı ile en uygun stoklama oranları 80 veya 100 adet/L’dir.
Construct Validity of a Scale to Measure the Job Satisfaction of Professors at Public Universities in Central Mexico during COVID-19
Authors: García-Lirios Cruz
Published: February 2022

Until May 2021, six and a half million deaths had been directly and indirectly associated with COVID-19. This pandemic has impacted the traditional classroom by transferring it to online environments. The objective of this study was to establish the construct validity of an instrument that measures professors’ job satisfaction. A cross-sectional psychometric study was carried out with a selection of 100 professors from public universities in central Mexico. Three main factors were found to explain 56% of the total variance: information need, perceived usefulness, and technology adoption. Although the research design limited the results to the study setting, suggesting the extension of the work towards validity and convergent of the construct.
Innovación social y pública: experiencias de laboratorios en la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Restrepo-Medina Liliana Patricia , Arias-Arciniegas Claudia Milena , Correa-Cadavid Carlos Mario , Restrepo-Quirós Jorge Hernando
Published: February 2022

El presente estudio se propuso abordar los vínculos existentes entre la innovación social y pública a partir de experiencias de laboratorios de innovación en la ciudad de Medellín, donde el entorno institucional ha ido generando ambientes propicios para la participación abierta de la comunidad y el desarrollo de cambios sociales. El análisis partió de la revisión de los encuentros que existen, desde la teoría y los estudios previos, entre estos dos tipos de innovación. Posteriormente se abordó el contexto de la ciudad donde se desarrollan los laboratorios objeto de estudio, logrando comprender las particularidades de su surgimiento, propósito, orientación hacia la innovación, logros y aportes a los diferentes actores con los que colaboran. El resultado permitió observar los elementos que van conectándose para el surgimiento y desarrollo de estos espacios, su aporte a la solución de problemáticas sociales, la relevancia en la participación de los ciudadanos y el fortalecimiento de la articulación entre diversos actores de la ciudad. Las conclusiones resaltan la importancia de la innovación social en el ámbito de lo público y los laboratorios como estrategias que promueven la participación, experimentación y desarrollo de capacidades en las comunidades para la generación de soluciones más efectivas a sus problemáticas.
Taking Our Own Temperature: Using a Residency Climate Survey to Support Minority Voices
Authors: Smith Riley , Johnson Allison , Targan Alexandra , Piggott Cleveland , Kvach Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Recruitment of underrepresented minorities (URM) in medicine has risen to the forefront as a strategy to address health inequities, but the experiences of URM residents within their own programs are poorly understood. We describe the development and implementation of a diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) climate survey at our residency program, the results of which have informed our DEI efforts.
Methods: A resident-faculty work group collaboratively developed an 81-item questionnaire, informed by other institutional climate surveys. We administered the survey annually from 2018 through 2021 to all residents and faculty at our large academic family medicine residency program. The anonymous survey covered six key areas: general climate, climate for specific group, personal experience with discrimination and harassment, recruitment, burnout, and curriculum.
Results: Average response rates were 84% and 50% for residents and faculty, respectively. Survey results show low satisfaction with resident and faculty diversity; higher rates of burnout for respondents who self-identify as URM, persons of color (POC), and/or LGBTQ; and racial and gender differences in experiences of workplace discrimination and sexual harassment.
Conclusions: Instituting an annual internal climate survey at our residency has provided invaluable information regarding the perspectives and experiences of our residents and faculty that has informed our DEI initiatives. We envision that our survey will inform continual improvement and serve as a model for similar introspection leading to meaningful action at other programs.
Incipiently social carpenter bees (Xylocopa) host distinctive gut bacterial communities and display geographic structure as revealed by full-length 16S sequencing
Authors: Handy Madeline , Sbardellati Dino , Yu Michael , Saleh Nicholas , Ostwald Madeleine , Vannette Rachel
Published: February 2022

The gut microbiota of bees affect nutrition, immunity, and host fitness,
yet the role of diet, sociality, and geographic variation in determining
microbiome structure, including strain-level diversity and relatedness,
remain poorly understood. Here, we use full-length 16S amplicon
sequencing to compare the crop and gut microbiomes of two incipiently
social carpenter bee species, Xylocopa sonorina and Xylocopa
tabaniformis, from multiple geographic sites within each species’ range.
We found that Xylocopa species share a set of core taxa consisting of
Bombilactobacillus, Bombiscardovia, and Lactobacillus apis, found in
>95% of all individual bees sampled, and Gilliamella and
Apibacter were also detected in the gut of both species with high
frequency. The crop bacterial community of both species was comprised
nearly entirely of Apilactobacillus with occasionally abundant nectar
bacteria. Despite sharing core taxa, Xylocopa species’ microbiomes were
distinguished by multiple bacterial lineages, including species-specific
strains of core taxa. In both bee species, bacterial species exhibited
geographic patterns in the presence of specific sequence variants. The
use of long-read amplicons revealed otherwise cryptic species and
population-level differentiation in core microbiome members which was
masked when a shorter fragment of the 16S (V4) was considered. We
conclude that these Xylocopa species host a distinctive microbiome,
similar to that of previously characterized social apids, which suggests
that further investigation to understand the evolution of bee microbiome
and its drivers is warranted.
Computational Drug Design of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors for Therapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shrivastava Aryansh
Published: February 2022

Today, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the most common form of
pancreatic cancer, is one of the deadliest cancer types and remains
largely unresolved. Through my research, I engineer a class of novel
small molecule ligands to cure the disease by inhibiting its central
carcinogenic pathway, taking the unique approach of applying the
framework of targeted drug therapy and leveraging computer-aided
techniques.

The target molecule for which drug design is employed is xCT, a protein
embedded in the ductal cell membrane that enables cancer cells to
survive without a nutrient supply and kills normal cells of the
pancreas. All viable drug candidate ligands must be engineered to have a
complementary structure and biochemistry to the binding site of xCT.

Starting with some known ligands of xCT to first identify the binding
site and binding mode, I conduct guided substituent recombination based
on the analysis of hydrophobicity and Coulombic surfaces as well as
intermolecular interactions through computational docking simulations.
In doing so, I employ industry-grade softwares including Chimera (to
visualize 3D structures), Avogadro (to minimize free energies and infer
3D chemical structures), ChemDraw (to draw 2D chemical structures),
AutoDockTools (to visualize the location of the binding site), AutoDock
Vina (to perform docking simulations), and the SeaWulf computational
cluster (for intensive, high accuracy computations).

A total of 1461 novel results are tabulated, and the top two drug
candidates among them are found to be CID 136204070 and 135564873, the
best one among them CID 135564873. These can be used by drug industries
to create new targeted drug therapies for pancreatic cancer, increasing
the survival rate of the disease and saving countless lives through
proactive treatment despite diagnostic delays. I’ve computationally
ensured the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and
toxicity results for the final drug candidates, and all of the relevant
quantities are computationally verified through well-defined
biochemistry lab procedures for the final ligand molecules and found to
be very reliable for drug candidacy.

I did this project through the Simons Summer Research Program at Stony
Brook University as a Simons Fellow and paid research intern, under the
guidance of Distinguished Professor Iwao Ojima and student mentors Adam
Taouil and Frank Wang.
The short-term, genome-wide effects of indirect selection deserve study: a response to Charlesworth and Jensen (2022)
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Feder Jeff , Nosil Patrik
Published: February 2022

We recently published a paper quantifying the genome-wide consequences
of natural selection, including the effects of indirect selection due to
the correlation of genetic regions (neutral or selected) with directly
selected regions (Gompert et al. 2022). In their critique of our paper,
Charlesworth & Jensen (2022) make two main points: (i) indirect
selection is equivalent to hitchhiking and thus well documented (i.e.,
our results are not novel), and (ii) that we do not demonstrate the
source of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNPs and the Mel-Stripe
locus in the Timema cristinae experiment we analyze. As we discuss in
detail below, neither of these are substantial criticisms of our work.
Joseph A. Schumpeter and Schumpeterian paradigm on the dynamics of capitalism: Entrepreneur, innovation, growth, and trade
Authors: Yay Turan , Yay Gülsün
Published: February 2022

Joseph A. Schumpeter suggested two models about the evolution process of capitalist societies. The article aims to specify the essential roles of these models in discussions about the modern firm theories and the development of integrated economic growth and international trade theory. In this context, this article aims to evaluate these developments and point out their role in bridging the gap between micro-economics and macroeconomics. The Schumpeterian framework, as a bridge, provides us a very productive base to discuss the connections among entrepreneurs, firms, innovation, economic growth, and international trade.
Preservice teachers’ motivation for a teaching career - a person-centred perspective
Authors: Simic Natasa , Marusic-Jablanovic Milica , Puric Danka
Published: February 2022

Adopting a person-centred perspective, this study sought to determine
preservice teachers? profiles based on their motivation for a teaching
profession and compare them in terms of perceptions of the profession and
satisfaction with career choice. An additional goal was to investigate
potential differences between males and females, as well as prospective
class and subject teachers. FIT-Choice scale was administered to 364 Serbian
preservice teachers. A latent profile analysis identified three profiles.
Disengaged negativists are distinguished by weak motivations, more negative
perceptions of the teaching profession and the lowest satisfaction with the
career choice, so this profile could be considered maladaptive. Uncritical
Enthusiasts have the highest level of motivations and the most positive
perceptions of task return. The profile named Autonomous realists is
characterised by the lowest extrinsic and social influence motivation. The
profiles differ with respect to gender, but no differences were observed
between profiles in terms of educational background. Knowing about profiles
can help in creating predictions about career paths and designing
interventions that would be tailored to the needs of specific subgroups of
Serbian preservice teachers.
Pupils’ attitudes toward distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stojkovic Irena , Jelic Marija
Published: February 2022

The educational context has been disrupted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
The aim of the study was to explore attitudes of pupils in Serbia toward
distance education during the pandemic. Specifically, we aimed to explore
the cognitive component of pupils? attitudes through their perception of
positive and negative aspects of distance education, the motivational
component based on the expressions of how distance education affects pupils?
motivation to learn, and emotional component through verbal expressions of
emotions toward distance education. The sample for the study included 110
pupils attending primary (5th to 8th grade) and secondary schools in Serbia.
A semi-structured interview was employed. Data were analysed using
qualitative content analysis. The findings suggest that majority of pupils
have negative attitudes toward distance education and that they find
insufficient interaction between teachers and pupils to be the major
shortcoming of distance education. Positive aspects of distance education
which could be preserved after the pandemic according to the participants?
views are: communication between teachers and pupils using information
technologies (IT), technical possibilities for a better presentation of
learning topics and permanent availability of learning materials on online
platforms. The study revealed the lack of intrinsic learning motivation and
deficiencies in pupils? self-regulation of learning which are important to
be overcome as they impede pupils? academic development both in distance and
in classroom education.
Realisation of online musical instrument instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives of music school teachers
Authors: Ristivojevic Ana
Published: February 2022

Since the COVID-19 pandemic made online classes a necessity throughout the
world, Serbia included, the music education system has gone through an
extensive transformation, and the teachers faced a number of difficulties
and challenges in their work. With this paper, we wanted to provide a clear
insight into the teaching practices that were established after the pandemic
was declared. The goal was to identify the obstacles that appeared in online
classes for musical instruments, but also the advantages that, according to
the teachers, may be integrated into traditional classes once the pandemic
is over. The research was based on a sample of 220 teachers of elementary
music schools, combining a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the
obtained data. The results have shown that teachers, younger ones in
particular, overcome the obstacles of online teaching without major
difficulties. As to the particular difficulties they encountered, the
teachers most often mentioned those of a technical nature, and the inability
to properly work on the techniques of playing an instrument due to the lack
of a direct contact with the students. Almost all of the teachers feel that
the students cannot improve their skills through online classes as
effectively as in a regular class. However, in their future work, the
teachers would continue to make audio and video recordings of themselves and
their students playing, and practice online teaching when the students are
sick or otherwise unable to attend regular classes. The pedagogical
implications of this research are that it is necessary to implement
technological solutions that would support all aspects of instrument
instruction, but also to intensify technical support for teachers,
particularly older ones, regarding competences needed for online classes.
Does Board Demographic Diversity Enhance Cognitive Diversity and Monitoring?
Authors: Kang Jun-Koo , Kim Seil , Oh Seungjoon
Published: February 2022

We examine whether board demographic diversity enhances cognitive diversity (measured as director dissent in the boardroom) and monitoring. At the director level, we find that individual directors who are dissimilar relative to other board members in terms of tenure and experience are more likely to dissent. At the board level, boards composed of directors who have heterogenous tenure, experience, and gender are more likely to dissent. We also find that stock market reactions to director resignation announcements are more negative for directors who have ever dissented than for other directors. Moreover, following dissent-driven proposal rejections, firms experience an improvement in value and internal governance and a decrease in risk. The results suggest that directors who have diverse qualifications and skillsets as well as the inclusion of female directors enhance cognitive diversity, and that this enhanced cognitive diversity helps increase firm value and monitoring effectiveness.

JEL Classifications: G30; G32; G34.