bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FROM MEASUREMENT TO SIMULATION A REVIEW OF AERODYNAMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF REAL ROUGH SURFACES BY DNS
Authors:   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Kurth Sebastian , Cengiz Kenan ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wein Lars ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Seume Joerg R. ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universität Hannover
Published: October 2022

Improving the understanding of the effect of roughness on wallbounded flows is crucial for further improvements of turbomachinery and wind turbines. To this end, direct numerical simulation (DNS) with the immersed boundary method (IBM) is a powerful tool, if the surface topography of the real rough surface is known. Throughout the processes from geometric measurements to simulation, many inherent uncertainties can induce misleading aerodynamic results. This study reviews the three main steps for investigating real rough surfaces: measurement, data processing, and simulation. Taking a used blade surface from an aero engine as a sample both, an optical and a tactile surface measurement technique are compared as to their weaknesses and advantages. It is shown that the measured roughness depends on the resolution of the measurement. A concept, used for extracting the surface roughness by filtering out the superimposed blade curvature after the measurement, is introduced. Mapping the processed rough surface onto the simulation mesh lowpass filters the roughness. Three DNS IBM with the same roughness but different mesh resolutions are used to determine this sensitivity of the simulation results to the resolution of the mesh. For the studied surface, even a coarse mesh grants good results.
DATA SCIENCE-BASED TREND ANALYSIS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TURBOMACHINERY
Authors:   Jr. Research Group Multiphysics of Turbulent Flows Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics Leibniz Universität Hannover, Zieße Mark , Seume Joerg R. ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics Leibniz Universität Hannover
Published: October 2022

Due to the very nature of science, the dissemination of knowledge is constantly increasing. This effect is reinforced by globalisation itself, as well as by the Internet. As shown in this publication, this is reflected in the disproportionate increase in the number of publications, making it more difficult for organisations to identify technologies and trends relevant to the sector, and to take them into account in their research and development agenda. Both industry and research institutions are experiencing increased innovation pressure. This pressure is caused by globalization induced higher competition, as well as through requirements resulting from global challenges such as climate change. In addition, there are shorter product cycles and in particular an increase in computer-aided analysis methods. In order to be able to compete internationally, it is necessary for both industry and research institutions to identify current market trends, new technical developments and current as well as future challenges, and to take these into account in their strategic orientation. Only then will it possible to advance the further development of turbomachinery in a targeted manner. The objective of this paper is to identify current market trends, technical developments and challenges in the context of turbomachinery; an application programming interface (API) was employed to analyse the database of the www.elsevier.com website.
Aerodynamic optimization for the vaned diffusers of an ultra-high-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressor based on an efficient machine learning algorithm
Authors:   Institute of Engineering, Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingkuo Li , Ziqing Zhang ,   Institute of Engineering, Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingjie Zhang ,   Institute of Engineering, Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ge Han ,   Institute of Engineering, Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanfeng Zhang ,   Institute of Engineering, Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingen Lu ,   Institute of Engineering, Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2022

High-efficiency, wide-range high-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressors for gas turbines are in high demand in the aviation industry. Although the centrifugal compressor impeller efficiency could exceed 90%, the stage efficiency remains so low that approaches for more efficient diffusion are urgently needed. Optimizing the diffuser vane angle and thickness is the main effective method for improving the diffusion performance. In this paper, an ultra-high-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressor with vaned diffusers was numerically studied, and the machine learning algorithm, XGBoost, was employed to optimize the blade angle and blade thickness of the vaned diffuser. Three operating points at 100% rotational speed were chosen as the optimization objects to maintain the choke mass flow and surge margin. An active learning approach was introduced to the iterative process, which increased the possibility of finding the global optimal solution. The results showed that compared with other surrogate models, the adopted optimization method in this paper reached the global minimal with fewer iterations and comparable accuracy as the Computational Fluid Dynamics results. With the same diffuser inlet and outlet radius, the surge margin was almost unchanged, but the peak stage efficiency increased by 1.03%. The influence of aerodynamic parameters and design parameters of the optimized diffuser on the stage performance was discussed. This research could provide guidance and reference for the design and optimization of ultra-high-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressors with vaned diffusers.
Automatic extraction of Chemical Reactor Networks from CFD data via advanced clustering algorithms
Authors:   Université Libre de Bruxelles, Savarese Matteo , Cuoci Alberto ,   Politecnico of Milan, De Paepe Ward ,   Université de Mons, Parente Alessandro ,   Université Libre de Bruxelles
Published: October 2022

The design of cleaner and more sustainable combustion technologies represents nowadays a key task. Reliable numerical models, able to cope with a large variety of configurations, combustion processes and fueling mixtures are needed, especially for future applications in combustion monitoring and control, for thermal and environmental performances, which are of critical importance. In this work, alternative, low-computational cost modelling tools for pollutants and thermal efficiency predictions, represented by Chemical Reactor Networks (CRN), are designed from Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations assessing a novel methodology, by exploring new possibilities offered by Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. In particular, unsupervised learning approaches are employed, in order to extract the key features of the system flow-field, adopting advanced clustering algorithms, such as Local Principal Component Analysis (LPCA) and K-Means, thus providing an efficient and automatic identification of similar thermo-chemical state compartments in the computational domain. The identified zones are modelled in a post-processing phase as a network of interconnected chemical reactors, and detailed kinetic mechanisms are employed for low concentration pollutants predictions. The case study, a quasi-industrial, flameless-capable combustion furnace, fed with methane-hydrogen mixtures in different compositions at a nominal power of 15 kW, has been investigated numerically by performing 2D CFD simulations with reduced chemistry and subsequently CRN simulations has been carried out with detailed kinetics, adopting the aforementioned approach. Results are validated upon experimental data, in order to provide a novel methodology for CRN design applications, which can be suited for future GTs applications.
Experimental study on the uncertainties of individual blade vibrational parameter estimation based on blade tip timing
Authors:   Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Zhicheng Xiao Zhicheng Xiao , Yiming Meng Yiming Meng ,   Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Jianping Li Jianping Li ,   SJTU turbo-fan technology, Chengwei Fan Chengwei Fan ,   Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Hua Ouyang Hua Ouyang ,   Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Published: October 2022

Detailed and accurate measurement is fundamentally important in aeroelastic researches. Blade tip timing (BTT) is a promising non-intrusive vibration measuring approach. However, the uncertainty about BTT has not been evaluated adequately. In this paper, the precision of individual blade vibrational parameter recognition based on BTT data is studied using an experimental method. The ‘ground truth’ tip deflection data is obtained by laser displacement sensors during synchronous, non-synchronous, and compound vibrations. Based on this, algorithms such as sine-fitting, non-uniform Fourier transform, and compressed sensing are investigated. It is found that for a unimodal signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), these algorithms can get ideal results. For complex response vibrations, their performance is reduced dramatically. Sine-fitting could yield the wrong relative magnitude of the components. Non-uniform Fourier transform gives heavily aliased spectrums but acceptable amplitude estimates. Compressed sensing could resolve all the main components while the amplitudes are too small. Our results could provide a reference for the practical application of BTT.
PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK TANPA RESEP DI APOTEK X DI KOTA PAYAKUMBUH SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Yulia Mega , Parsono Ruddy , Armal Khairil
Published: October 2022

Antibiotic are organic compounds produced by various species of microorganisms and are toxic to other species of microorganisms. Irrational use of antibiotic can lead to resistance. The problem of resistance in addition to having an impact on morbidity and morality also has a very high economic and social impact. Research has been done on the behavior of using antibiotic without a prescription at pharmacy x in Payakumbuh City. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of antibiotic without a doctor's prescription at pharmacy X in Payakumbuh City. This research is non-experimental with data analyzed included the level of awareness of the use of antibiotic. The study used a descriptive method with random or accidental sampling with data collection using a questionnaire with 100 samples from 5296 populations. The results showed that the most widely used antibiotics were amoxicillin (46%); the type of disease that most patients treated with antibiotics was toothache (33%); the most sources of information about antibiotics came from friends or family (35%); the reason most people use antibiotics without a doctor's prescription is that previous treatment has a satisfactory effect (36%) and the level of patient awareness of the use of antibiotics is still in the sufficient category (42%).
EVALUASI FORMULASI MASKER CLAY DARI EKSTRAK ETANOl DAUN PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) SEBAGAI ANTI JERAWAT
Authors: Fauziah Fauziah , Alvanny Nurliza , Andalia Kiki
Published: October 2022

Papaya Leaf Extract is known to contain alkaloid and flavonoid compounds that can inhibit the preparation of peptidoglycan in bacterial cells and reduce immunity in target organisms. For ease of use of papaya leaf extract, it is formulated in the form of a mask. This study aims to formulate a clay mask from papaya leaf ethanol extract and the effectiveness of anti-acne use of clay mask preparation of papaya leaf ethanol extract for 4 weeks. The method used in this study is an experimental method carried out at the AKAFARMA laboratory in Banda Aceh. The samples used were Formula 0, Formula 1, Formula 2 and Formula 3 masks of papaya leaf ethanol extract with concentrations for Formula 1 (2.5 %), Formula 2 (5%) and Formula 3 (7%). The results of the research on the physical properties and stability of the clay mask preparation on organoleptic testing showed that all formulas did not change color and odor for 4 weeks, but there was a change in shape at F0, FI, and FII on the 28th day. The homogeneity test of all preparations showed a homogeneous arrangement. The resulting pH test is 5.7-6.5, the resulting dispersion test is 5-5.5. The dried preparation test resulted in 25-30 minutes. and the anti-acne effectiveness test of each mask preparation F0, FI, FII, and FIII the average percentage reduction in the number of acne was 20.83%, 22.63%, 28.75%, and 50%. Papaya leaf ethanol extract clay mask FIII (7.5%) was the maximum in reducing the number of pimples on the volunteers' faces. The conclusion in this study is that papaya leaves can be formulated as a clay mask.
Computation for the Summation of Binomial Series and Combinatorial Geometric Series
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, the growing complexity of mathematical and computational modelling demands the simplicity of mathematical and combinatorial equations for solving today’s scientific problems and challenges. This paper presents the summation of binomial series and combinatorial geometric series and its theorems, lemmas, and corollaries. These ideas can enable the scientific researchers to solve the real life problems.
A Conceptual Model For a Decentralized Central Bank Digital Currency
Authors: Rahman Abdurrahman Arum
Published: October 2022

Central bank digital currency (CBDC) is a digitized fiat currency. As the nature of the central bank is centralized, the CBDC is also centralized. This paper proposes a conceptual model for a decentralized CBDC controlled by many central banks or countries in the world. It is only for international transactions between member countries. While domestic transactions continue to use the national currency of each country. A decentralized CBDC could potentially explore the advantages of digital technologies more deeply than centralized ones by making macro-fundamentals reconciliations between economies in real-time. Furthermore, this concept could also potentially provide international liquidity for all (member) countries in the world sustainably, align macro-fundamental, eliminate global imbalances, and makes the international monetary system naturally more stable. This paper focuses on discussing the conceptual model and theoretical framework of how this system works in providing international liquidity and making the system balanced and stable.
Gereja Bintang Lima Dalam Pelayanan Ibadah Extravaganza
Authors: Sinaga Janes , Sinambela Juita Lusiana , Pelawi Stepanus , Tinenti Max Lucky
Published: October 2022

The church must have an attraction so that every people who come to worship feel blessed so that it will make the congregation always long to come back at the next worship time. By applying the concept of a five-star church adopted from a five-star hotel, it is hoped that the congregation members will feel comfortable, safe and blessed. Through five-star facilities and services such as: first-class parking services, first-class bathroom facilities, first-class loudspeakers, first-class member and guest reception services, and extravaganza worship services will make congregation members always interested in coming to worship at church. The attraction of a five star church will increase the attendance of its members, increase the attendance of guests all of which lead to the growth of the church. This research method uses qualitative methods by collecting information from bibliography of books, journals and other online media. Through this research, it is hoped that churches can improve their worship facilities and worship services to five stars so that all who come to worship are blessed.

Abstrak Indonesia 

Petunjuk Gereja harus memiliki daya tarik sehingga setiap umat yang datang beribadah merasa terberkati sehingga akan membuat jemaat selalu rindu untuk datang kembali di waktu perbaktian berikutnya. Dengan menerapkan konsep gereja bintang lima yang diadopsi dari hotel bintang lima diharapkan dapat membuat anggota jemaat merasa nyaman, aman dan terberkati. Melalui Fasilitas dan pelayanan bintang lima seperti: Pelayanan parkir kelas satu, fasilitas kamar mandi kelas satu, pengeras suara kelas satu, pelayanan penerimaan anggota dan tamu kelas satu, serta pelayanan ibadah extravaganza akan membuat anggota jemaat selalu tertarik untuk datang beribadah di gereja. Daya tarik gereja bintang lima akan meningkatkan kehadiran anggotanya, meningkatkan kehadiran tamu-tamu yang semuanya ini mengarah kepada pertumbuhan gereja. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan informasi dari daftar Pustaka buku-buku, jurnal dan media online lainnya. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan gereja-gereja dapat meningkatkan fasilitas Gedung ibadah dan pelayanan ibadah menuju bintang lima sehingga seluruh yang datang beribadah terberkati.
Early myeloid-derived suppressor cells accelerate epithelial-mesenchymal transition by downregulating ARID1A in luminal A breast cancer
Authors: Chen Guidong , Li Xingchen , Ji Chenyan , Liu Pengpeng , Zhou Li , Xu Dechen , Wang Dong , Li Jie , Yu Jinpu
Published: October 2022

Early myeloid-derived suppressor cells (eMDSCs) are a newly characterized subclass of MDSCs, which exhibit more potent immunosuppressive capacity than classical MDSCs. Previously, we found high eMDSCs infiltration was correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer, though the regulatory mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here, we constructed a 21-gene signature to evaluate the status of eMDSCs infiltration within breast cancer tissues and found that highly infiltrated eMDSCs affected the prognosis of breast cancer patients, especially in luminal A subtype. We also found that eMDSCs promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and accelerated cell migration and invasion in vitro. Meanwhile, eMDSCs significantly downregulated ARID1A expression in luminal A breast cancer, which was closely associated with EMT and was an important prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. Moreover, significant changes of EMT-related genes were detected in luminal A breast cancer cells after co-cultured with eMDSCs or ARID1A knock-down and overexpression of ARID1A significantly reversed this procedure. These results implied that eMDSCs might suppress the ARID1A expression to promote EMT in luminal A breast cancer cells, which might provide a new light on developing novel treatment regimens for relapsed luminal A breast cancer after conventional therapies.
Impact of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions in the presence of hybrid nanofluid flow on various geometries
Authors: Haq Izharul , Naveen Kumar R. , Gill Rana , Madhukesh J. K. , Khan Umair , Raizah Zehba , Eldin Sayed M. , Boonsatit Nattakan , Jirawattanapanit Anuwat
Published: October 2022

The current work investigates the influence of porous media, homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, and a heat source/sink on the hybrid nanoliquid circulation on three distinct surfaces (cone, plate, and wedge). The system of equations that describe the circulation issue and operating conditions is reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using the proper similarity transformations. The Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 45 order and the shooting approach are used to generate the numerical results. Graphs are used to show how various dimensionless limits affect the associated profiles. The results demonstrate that, in the presence of heat source/sink and porous medium characteristics, respectively, fluid velocity and heat dispersion are high in plate geometry and lower in cone geometry. The concentration profile shows the declination in the presence of both homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction intensities. The surface drag force decreases and the rate of heat dispersion rises with the addition of a porous attribute. Furthermore, cones sprinkle the heat more quickly than wedges, which disperse heat more slowly.
The impact of different left ventricular geometric patterns on right ventricular deformation and function in the elderly with hypertension: A two-dimensional speckle tracking and three-dimensional echocardiographic study
Authors: Xue Jiping , Kang Xiaoyan , Qin Qin , Miao Junwang , Li Shuai , Kang Chunsong
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different left ventricular geometric patterns on right ventricular deformation and function in the elderly with essential hypertension via two-dimensional speckle tracking and three-dimensional echocardiography.

Methods

A total of 248 elderly people with essential hypertension were divided into four groups based on the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT): the normal geometric, concentric remodeling, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy groups. Moreover, 71 participants were recruited as the control group. These participants were examined by two-dimensional speckle tracking and three-dimensional echocardiography to obtain the right ventricular strain parameters, three-dimensional volume, and function parameters.

Results

The right ventricular strain parameters decreased gradually from the normal geometric group to the concentric hypertrophy group (P < 0.05), and the strain parameters in the concentric remodeling, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy groups were lower than those in the control and normal geometric groups (P < 0.05). The right ventricular three-dimensional echocardiographic parameters only changed in the eccentric hypertrophy group (P < 0.05) and the concentric hypertrophy group (P < 0.05) in the form of an increase in volume and a decrease in function. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain was independently associated with the systolic blood pressure (SBP), LVMI, and RWT (P < 0.05) and was primarily affected by the LVMI (normalized β = 0.637, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The systolic function of the right ventricular myocardium declined in the elderly with essential hypertension due to impaired myocardial mechanics. The right ventricular strain parameters could indicate mechanical damage in the concentric remodeling group earlier than the right ventricular three-dimensional volume and function parameters. The right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain was primarily subject to the LVMI.
Mid-term subclinical myocardial injury detection in patients who recovered from COVID-19 according to pulmonary lesion severity
Authors: Chamtouri Ikram , Kaddoussi Rania , Abroug Hela , Abdelaaly Mabrouk , Lassoued Taha , Fahem Nesrine , Cheikh'Hmad Saoussen , Ben Abdallah Asma , Jomaa Walid , Ben Hamda Khaldoun , Maatouk Faouzi
Published: October 2022

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) may cause damage to the cardiovascular system during the acute phase of the infection. However, recent studies reported mid- to long-term subtle cardiac injuries after recovering from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to determine the relationship between the severity of chest computed tomography (CT) lesions and the persistence of subtle myocardial injuries at mid-term follow-up of patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection.

Methods

All patients with COVID-19 were enrolled prospectively in this study. Sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) and chest CT scans were performed on all patients during the acute phase of COVID-19 infection. At the mid-term follow-up, conventional transthoracic echocardiograph and global longitudinal strain (GLS) of the left and right ventricles (LV and RV) were determined and compared between patients with chest CT scan lesions of < 50% (Group 1) and those with severe chest CT scan lesions of greater or equal to 50% (Group 2).

Results

The mean age was 55 ± 14 years. Both LV GLS and RV GLS values were significantly decreased in group 2 (p = 0.013 and p = 0.011, respectively). LV GLS value of more than −18 was noted in 43% of all the patients, and an RV GLS value of more than −20 was observed in 48% of them. The group with severe chest CT scan lesions included more patients with reduced LV GLS and reduced RV GLS than the group with mild chest CT scan lesions [(G1:29 vs. G2:57%, p = 0.002) and (G1:36 vs. G2:60 %, p = 0.009), respectively].

Conclusion

Patients with severe chest CT scan lesions are more likely to develop subclinical myocardial damage. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) could be recommended in patients recovering from COVID-19 to detect subtle LV and RV lesions.
Veld restoration strategies in South African semi-arid rangelands. Are there any successes?—A review
Authors: Mudau Humbelani Silas , Msiza Ntokozo Happy , Sipango Nkosomzi , Ravhuhali Khuliso Emmanuel , Mokoboki Hilda Kwena , Moyo Bethwell
Published: October 2022

Rangeland deterioration is a major challenge faced especially by communal farmers in most of the developing countries including South Africa. The high population of people and livestock exert pressure on the rangeland leading to deterioration which results to economic loss, due to a reduction in agricultural activities such as livestock production. The rehabilitation of degraded lands has substantial returns from an environmental, economic and social perspective. Except for the powerful economic justification, initiation of restoration and rehabilitation of lands is still required to address the continuing land degradation across the world. To gain an insight on the impact of rangeland degradation, the basic restoration strategies need to be assessed and implemented. In this review, we have highlighted an overview of rangeland degradation in South Africa; Livestock dependency in rangelands; causes and consequences of rangeland degradation which include the economic impact of rangeland degradation; and rehabilitation strategies. Soil, climate, grazing management are some of the major factors to consider when adopting the veld restoration strategies. In South Africa, all restoration methods can be practiced depending on the area and the nature of degradation. Moreover, past land use system records and rehabilitation resources such as material and skilled labour can be required to have a successful rangeland rehabilitation.
Evolving understanding of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Yang Yalong , Xu Fenghua
Published: October 2022

Since immune system and internal environment in vivo are large and complex, the interpretation of the observed immune effect from the perspective of a single immune cell or antibody seems a little feeble. Many studies have shown that specific antibodies against “ former” viruses have a reduced ability to neutralize “new” mutant strains. However, there is no comprehensive and clear view of whether there will be Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). We review the latest relevant studies, hoping to explain the ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection sometimes observed in some patients.
Siting strategy of new tidal stations in the Bohai Sea using adjoint method
Authors: Wang Haitang , Jiao Shengyi , Lv Xianqing
Published: October 2022

The optimal siting selection strategy for new tidal stations in the Bohai Sea is investigated using a two-dimensional tidal model with the adjoint method. Harmonic constants (HCs) of the M2 constituent at all computing grids are estimated in the Bohai Sea by assimilating observations from existing tidal stations and altimeter data processed by X-Track software. Several grid points on the coastline are selected as new tidal station sites, and different combinations of selected points are regarded as different siting strategies. The HCs at these new tidal stations are served as “simulated observations” (SOs) which are assimilated into the tidal model to re-estimate the HCs in the Bohai Sea. Through comparisons between the re-estimated HCs and SOs, we can evaluate the effects of different siting strategies. Divide the Bohai Sea into different subdomains, numerical experiments are constructed to investigate the effects of different strategies in different subdomains, while the effects of schemes including inversion variables and different tidal constituents on siting selection are experimented. By analyzing the root-mean-square (RMS) difference between re-estimated HCs and SOs on the coastline in different subdomains, the optimum strategy for siting of new tidal stations in the Bohai Sea is obtained.
Advances in the treatment of intraocular malignancies: A literature review
Authors: Cui Yanyan , Yin Shan , Qin Xuejiao , Jiao Wanzhen , Ren Anqi , Wang Fei , Zhao Bojun
Published: October 2022

Intraocular malignant tumors including primary and metastatic tumors, are mainly found in Retina and uvea, and very few cases originate from the sclera and optic nerve. Intraocular tumors can endanger the patient's vision and even life, and proper treatment is vital. There have been several traditional treatments for intraocular tumors, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. In recent years, new methods have been developed in clinical applications including anti-VEGF and gene therapy. This paper aims to provide a timely review about recent progress in the treatment of intraocular malignant tumor.
Mechanism of N-0385 blocking SARS-CoV-2 to treat COVID-19 based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics
Authors: Cao Jun-Feng , Yang Xingyu , Xiong Li , Wu Mei , Chen Shengyan , Xiong Chenyang , He Peiyong , Zong Yonghua , Zhang Lixin , Fu Hongjiao , Qi Yue , Ying Xiran , Liu Dengxin , Hu Xiaosong , Zhang Xiao
Published: October 2022

Purpose

2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. TMPRSS2-mediated hydrolysis and maturation of spike protein is essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. The latest research found that a TMPRSS2 inhibitor called N-0385 could effectively prevent the infection of the SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. However, it is not clear about the mechanism of N-0385 treatment COVID-19. Therefore, this study used computer simulations to investigate the mechanism of N-0385 treatment COVID-19 by impeding SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods

The GeneCards database was used to search disease gene targets, core targets were analyzed by PPI, GO and KEGG. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics were used to validate and analyze the binding stability of small molecule N-0385 to target proteins. The supercomputer platform was used to simulate and analyze the number of hydrogen bonds, binding free energy, stability of protein targets at the residue level, radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface area.

Results

There were 4,600 COVID-19 gene targets from GeneCards database. PPI, GO and KEGG analysis indicated that signaling pathways of immune response and inflammation played crucial roles in COVID-19. Molecular docking showed that N-0385 could block SARS-CoV-2 infection and treat COVID-19 by acting on ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NLRP3. Molecular dynamics was used to demonstrate that the small molecule N-0385 could form very stable bindings with TMPRSS2 and TLR7.

Conclusion

The mechanism of N-0385 treatment COVID-19 was investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. We speculated that N-0385 may not only inhibit SARS-CoV-2 invasion directly by acting on TMPRSS2, ACE2 and DPP4, but also inhibit the immune recognition process and inflammatory response by regulating TLR7, NLRP3 and IL-10 to prevent SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Therefore, these results suggested that N-0385 may act through multiple targets to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and damage caused by inflammatory responses.
Evaluating the fermentation characteristics, bacterial community, and predicted functional profiles of native grass ensiled with different additives
Authors: Du Shuai , You Sihan , Jiang Xiaowei , Li Yuyu , Wang Ruifeng , Ge Gentu , Jia Yushan
Published: October 2022

Bioaugmentation of native grass ensiling with Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus buchneri or Pediococcus pentosaceus on the ensiling performance and bacterial community was investigated after 30 days of the fermentation process. The native grass was inoculated with distilled water, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus buchneri, and Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Pediococcus pentosaceus as the CON treatment, T1 treatment, T2 treatment, and T3 treatment, respectively. The addition of lactic acid bacteria was added at a total of 1 × 106 colony-forming unit/g of fresh weight. As expected, the markedly (p < 0.05) lower water-soluble carbohydrate content was tested in the T2 and T3 treatments compared to the CON and T1 treatments. Compared to the CON and T1 treatment, significantly (p < 0.05) higher crude protein content, and lower acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents were found in the T2 and T3 treatments. Compared to the CON treatment, the pH significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculated silage, and the lowest pH was measured in the T3 treatment. Similarly, significantly higher lactic acid and acetic acid contents were also found in the T3 treatment compared to those in other treatments. After 30 days of ensiling, the Shannon and Chao1 indexes in silages decreased compared to that in the fresh materials (FMs). The principal coordinate analysis indicated that both FM and silage were distinctly separated in each treatment with no interactions on the confidence ellipse (R = 0.8933, p = 0.001). At the phylum level, the dominant phylum was shifted from Proteobacteria to Firmicutes after the fermentation process. Interestingly, Weissella dominated the fermentation in the CON treatment and Lactobacillus dominated the fermentation in all inoculated LAB silages at the genus level. Results of functional prediction analyses showed that the metabolism of amino acid, cofactors, and vitamins, and membrane transport was reduced, while the metabolism of nucleotide and majority carbohydrates was increased after ensiling. The complex LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Pediococcus pentosaceus) exhibited the potential possibility to decrease pH and enhance the relative abundance of LAB in response to obtaining high-quality silage by the synergistic effects. These results suggested that the complex LAB could improve the ensiling performance of native grass silage, and lay a theoretical basis for inoculant application in native grass.
Fermentation quality, bacterial community, and aerobic stability of ensiling Leymus chinensis with lactic acid bacteria or/and water after long-term storage
Authors: Xu Haiwen , Xue Yanlin , Na Na , Wu Nier , Zhao Yi , Sun Lin , Qili Moge , Wang Tianwei , Zhong Jin
Published: October 2022

Leymus chinensis is a major forage resource for herbivores on typical steppe and meadow steppes in Northern China. This study aimed to reveal the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and aerobic stability of L. chinensis silage treated with lactic acid bacteria or/and water after long-term storage. Leymus chinensis was harvested at the heading stage and ensiled with lactic acid bacteria [LAB, 2.00 ml/kg fresh weight (FW) of LAB, L], water (100 ml/kg FW of distilled water, W), or a combination of both [2.00 ml/kg fresh weight (FW) of LAB and 100 ml/kg FW of distilled water, LW] in polyethylene laboratory-scale silos (diameter, 20 cm; height, 30 cm) at a density of 650 kg/m3. As a control silage (CK), untreated L. chinensis silage was also assessed. The samples were taken at 0 day of opening after 300 days of ensiling (CK_0d, L_0d, W_0d, and LW_0d) and at 10 days of opening (CK_10d, L_10d, W_10d, and LW_10d). The fermentation quality, microbial counts, bacterial community, and aerobic stability of the silage were assessed. The CK_0d contained higher pH and aerobic bacteria count, and lower LA and BC concentrations than L_0d, W_0d, and LW_0d (p < 0.05), and the LAB and yeasts were only detected in CK at 0 day of opening. Lactobacillus had the most abundance among bacterial genera in all silages at 0 day of opening. Just CK had 2°C above the ambient temperature during aerobic exposure (at 224 h). During aerobic exposure, the pH and microbial counts in CK increased (p < 0.05), and Lactobacillus in L and LW had decreasing abundance (p < 0.05). The CK_10d had higher pH and microbial counts, and lower lactic acid and buffering capacity than L_10d, W_10d, and LW_10d (p < 0.05). At 10 days of opening, the coliforms and yeasts were just detected in CK, and Lactobacillus also had the most abundance among bacterial genera in all silages at 10 days of opening. Overall, inoculating LAB and adding water improved the fermentation quality and the aerobic exposure of L. chinensis silage after long-term storage. The activities of coliforms and yeasts during aerobic exposure contributed to the aerobic deterioration of L. chinensis silage without any treating. Lactobacillus dominated the bacterial communities of all silage at 0 and 10 days of opening. During aerobic exposure, the abundance of Lactobacillus reduced in L. chinensis silage treated with LAB or water.
Evaluation of the whole proteome to design a novel mRNA-based vaccine against multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Mughal Muhammad Saad , Jabeen Khizra , Aziz Tariq , Naz Sumaira , Nazir Nausheen , Shahzad Muhammad , Alharbi Metab , Alshammari Abdulrahman , Sadhu Satya Sai
Published: October 2022

Serratia marcescens, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the known disease-causing pathogens. It is resistant to ampicillin, macrolides, cephalosporins, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. The only antibiotic that has been proven to be effective against S. marcescens is gentamicin. By causing epigenetic alterations, bacteria can also become resistant to all antibiotics. Many epigenetically related proteins were studied, and four proteins were selected in this regard for epitope evaluation and their subsequent use in the development of a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine. A series of immune-informatics tools used to build this mRNA vaccine elicited cellular and humoral immunity. Molecular docking between epitopes and alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was performed. The vaccine was developed using 37 epitopes, an adjuvant that is a TLR-4 agonist known as resuscitation-promoting factor E (RpfE), subcellular trafficking structures, secretion boosters, and linkers. This proposed architecture was found to cover 99.6% of the population during testing. During testing, it was proven that it was both effective and safe. To confirm our idea, we performed an in silico immunological simulation of vaccination. The codon was also optimized to ensure that the mRNA reached the cytoplasm of a human host and underwent efficient translation. TLR-4 and TLR-3 were also docked against the secondary and tertiary structures of the vaccine peptide. Furthermore, the vaccine's stability was confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. In summary, this vaccine construct can be a potential candidate against S. marcescens and is suitable for in vitro analyses to validate its effectiveness.
Implementation of neurocritical care in Thailand
Authors: Viarasilpa Tanuwong
Published: October 2022

Dedicated neurointensive care units and neurointensivists are rarely available in Thailand, a developing country, despite the high burden of life-threatening neurologic illness, including strokes, post-cardiac arrest brain injury, status epilepticus, and cerebral edema from various etiologies. Therefore, the implementation of neurocritical care is essential to improve patient outcomes. With the resource-limited circumstances, the integration of neurocritical care service by collaboration between intensivists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and other multidisciplinary care teams into the current institutional practice to take care of critically-ill neurologic patients is more suitable than building a new neurointensive care unit since this approach can promptly be made without reorganization of the hospital system. Providing neurocritical care knowledge to internal medicine and neurology residents and critical care fellows and developing a research system will lead to sustainable quality improvement in patient care. This review article will describe our current situation and strategies to implement neurocritical care in Thailand.
Evaluation of key aroma compounds and protein secondary structure in the roasted Tan mutton during the traditional charcoal process
Authors: Wang Yong-Rui , Wang Song-Lei , Luo Rui-Ming
Published: October 2022

The traditional charcoal technique was used to determine the changes in the key aroma compounds of Tan mutton during the roasting process. The results showed that the samples at the different roasting time were distinguished using GC-MS in combination with PLS-DA. A total of 26 volatile compounds were identified, among which 14 compounds, including (E)-2-octenal, 1-heptanol, hexanal, 1-hexanol, heptanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-pentanol, (E)-2-nonenal, octanal, 2-undecenal, nonanal, pentanal, 2-pentylfuran and 2-methypyrazine, were confirmed as key aroma compounds through the odor activity values (OAV) and aroma recombination experiments. The OAV and contribution rate of the 14 key aroma compounds were maintained at high levels, and nonanal had the highest OAV (322.34) and contribution rate (27.74%) in the samples after roasting for 10 min. The content of α-helix significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the β-sheet content significantly increased (P < 0.05) during the roasting process. The content of random coils significantly increased in the samples roasted for 0–8 min (P < 0.05), and then no obvious change was observed. At the same time, β-turn content had no obvious change. Correlation analysis showed that the 14 key aroma compounds were all positively correlated with the content of α-helix and negatively correlated with the contents of β-sheet and random coil, and also positively correlated with the content of β-turn, except hexanal and 2-methypyrazine. The results are helpful to promoting the industrialization of roasted Tan mutton.
Investigating on the influence mechanism of sausage of sea bass on calcium absorption and transport based on Caco-2 cell monolayer model
Authors: Wang Zhongqiang , Ma Ranzhuo , Jia Zhihui , Lin Peng , Zhao Zhenhua , Wang Wei , Yi Shumin , Li Xuepeng , Li Jianrong
Published: October 2022

A monolayer Caco-2 cell model was established to explore the effects of sea bass sausage digestive juice containing phosphate on calcium ion transport. Differential proteins of Caco-2 cells treated with fish sausage juice were detected and analyzed by gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Results revealed that after treatment with 0.23 mg/mL digestive juice of perch sausage in vitro, Caco-2 cell viability was the highest at 72 h (99.84%). Additionally, 0.23 mg/mL digestive juice of perch sausage in vitro significantly increased calcium ion transport. The transfer volume was 1.396 μg/well. Fish sausages containing phosphate significantly affected the protein expression levels of Caco-2 cells. Two hundred one differential proteins were detected, including 114 up-regulated and 87 down-regulated proteins. The main differential proteins included P02795, Q9P0W0, Q96PU5, Q9GZT9 and Q5EBL8. The adjustment ratios of the fish sausage group were 0.7485, 1.373, 1.2535, 0.6775, and 0.809, respectively. The pathway analysis showed that phosphate affected calcium ion absorption and transport through the P02795 enrichment pathway. The fish sausage group showed that the immune-related functions of cells were affected. This study expounds the effects of water-retaining agents on the nutritional quality of aquatic products and provides theoretical support for the research and application of surimi products.
Case report: Simultaneous occurrence of primary pulmonary lymphoma and opportunistic infections in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bi Yazhen , Feng Saran , Shang Jinyu , Liu Qian , Wang Yan
Published: October 2022

Background

The occurrence of primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) as a secondary malignancy in patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is extremely rare. As the clinical manifestations are atypical, most patients with PPL tend to be misdiagnosed with pneumonia. When the radiographic features of PPL and pulmonary infection overlap, clinicians can be confused about the diagnosis. Here, we report the first case of coexistence of PPL and opportunistic infections in a patient with CML in chronic phase (CML-CP).

Case presentation

A 55-year-old woman presented with three weeks of hemorrhage of the oral mucosa at the Department of Hematology. After undergoing various examinations, she was diagnosed with CML-CP and was started on imatinib (400 mg/daily). Due to sudden respiratory distress, the patient was admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit 11 months later. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed ground-glass opacities, patchy shadows, and multiple nodules in both lungs and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The combination of biapenem and voriconazole antibiotic treatments was effective. The patient’s respiratory distress was relieved, but there was intermittent coughing. In the following time, the patient developed a fever, and the imaging findings indicated progression of the disease in both lungs. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) identified pathogens of multiple opportunistic infections. The coexistence of lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) was not confirmed in this patient until a second CT-guided biopsy was performed. Ultimately, the patient underwent chemotherapy in time and is currently alive today.

Conclusions

When the patient’s recurrent respiratory symptoms and imaging findings do not coincide, secondary tumors should be considered in addition to infection as a diagnosis. In these cases, multiple pathological tissue biopsies should be performed.