bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uroptychus tuerkayi sp. nov. (Anomura, Chirostylidae), a new squat lobster from the Atlantis-Great Meteor Seamount Chain in the eastern Atlantic
Authors: Baba Keiji , Macpherson Enrique
Published: August 2017

A new species of chirostylid squat lobster, Uroptychus tuerkayi sp. nov., is described based upon material collected by the French “Seamount 2” project (1993) from the Atlantis-Great Meteor Seamount Chain south of the Azores Islands, at a depth of 340-730 m. Uroptychus tuerkayi resembles U. maroccanus Türkay, 1976 from the Moroccan coast, but it can be readily distinguished by the eyes being distinctly longer instead of as long as broad (globular in U. maroccanus), the antennal article 5 with a small instead of prominent distomesial spine, the anterolateral spine of the carapace slightly smaller than or subequal to, instead of much smaller than the lateral orbital spine, the pterygostomian flap anteriorly acuminate and not strongly produced to a spine as in U. maroccanus, and in having pereopod 1 with obsolescent instead of distinct spines on the merus and carpus. This is the sixth species of Uroptychus from the eastern Atlantic. A key to the eastern Atlantic species of Uroptychus is provided.
Biology of the shrimp Oplophorus spinosus (Brullé, 1839) (Decapoda, Oplophoridae) in the continental slope waters of the coast of northwest Africa
Authors: Sudnik S. A.
Published: August 2017

The size-sex structure and reproduction of the pelagic shrimp Oplophorus spinosus (Brullé, 1839) in the northwestern African continental slope is described herein. A total of 175 males and 53 females were caught by pelagic and bottom trawls at depths of 354-913 m in October-May 2003-2005. Total body length (TL) was 20-55.5 mm in males and 28.5-54 mm in females. Female TL at first maturity was 31 mm, the TL of ovigerous females ranged from 39.5-54 mm. Fecundity varied from 5 to 25 eggs with an outer diameter of 3.21 ± 0.19 mm at the beginning of embryogenesis and 3.14 ± 0.16 mm at half-time. O. spinosus has a continuous spawning period with a possible peak in spring. Its main reproductive traits are similar to those of this species from the Pacific and are comparable with the other species of this genus. In general, Oplophorus spp. are typical K-strategists with large-sized eggs and low fecundity.
A new genus and species of freshwater crab (Decapoda, Pseudothelphusidae) from the Tapajós River, a southern tributary of the Amazon River in Brazil
Authors: Magalhães Célio
Published: August 2017

A new genus and species of pseudothelphusid crab of the tribe Kingsleyini Ortmann, 1897, from the Tapajós River, a southern tributary of the Amazon River basin in the state of Pará, Brazil, is described and illustrated. Michaelthelphusa tuerkayi gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by the male first gonopod possessing marginal and lateral sutures fused at the distal third of the stem and the merged portion strongly twisted towards the lateral side; an apex transversally expanded along caudal-cephalic axis, with a well-developed, but low, somewhat depressed, apical plate; apical plate with spine-like outgrowth cross overlapping the spine-like projection of the mesial process. Moreover, the relationship of the new genus and species with other pseudothelphusid genera from the Amazon basin is discussed.
Composition of the epibenthic decapod crustacean megafauna of the German Exclusive Economic Zone: comparison and analysis of past and recent surveys
Authors: Sonnewald Moritz , Türkay Michael
Published: August 2017

This study comprises and compares epibenthic samples of the marine crustacean decapod megafauna, taken with a beam trawl at numerous stations in the German Exclusive Economic Zone of the North Sea in the years 1987, 1990, 2007 and 2013. All decapod crustacean species were recorded quantitatively. An overview of the decapod faunal composition with respect to changes in space, species and abundance with time is given. A time-dependent decrease of rare and often northern species at the research area is obvious, as a result of an increase of some dominant species concentrating in coastal areas. In 2013, a more uniform species composition seems to have developed. Decapod species and abundance depletions may be influenced by many factors, among them also climate change and fisheries.
Reproductive period and recruitment of Penaeoidea shrimp on the southeastern Brazilian coast: implications for the closed season
Authors: Simões Sabrina M. , Heckler Gisele S. , Costa Rogerio C.
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to assess whether all Penaeoidea shrimps captured by trawling are protected by the current closed season. We investigated the reproductive period and juvenile recruitment of Penaeoidea shrimp species captured in the bay-estuary complex of Santos and São Vicente from May 2008 to April 2010. Samples were collected monthly using a shrimp boat at four sites in the estuary and four sites in the bay; environmental factors were monitored. The reproductive condition of females was determined by macroscopic observation of gonads. Juvenile and adult males were classified by observing the endopod forming the petasma; the reproductive condition was determined by the presence of spermatophore in the terminal ampoule. A dendrogram showed little similarity in the reproductive periods of the species sampled in this study. The greatest similarity in the recruitment period was in the white shrimp, Litopenaeus schmitti, and the pink shrimps Farfantepenaeus paulensis and F. brasiliensis, species that are protected by the current closed season. Pink shrimps are not fully protected, however, as they are captured indiscriminately in the estuary, to be used as fishing bait. Considering the number of individuals of reproductive females and juveniles, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri was the most abundant in the marine environment, and L. schmitti, F. paulensis and F. brasiliensis were the most abundant in the estuarine environment. The adequacy of the closed season is discussed, including issues such as the implementation of projects focusing on fishermen and the sustainable use of bait; the closure of fishing from October to December in coastal areas with depths below 20 m, and the application of a regional closed season instead of the current law applied in several states.
Ankerius grusocurare, a new species of Aphanodactylidae (Decapoda, Brachyura) from Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: Naruse Tohru , Uyeno Daisuke
Published: August 2017

A new species of aphanodactylid genus Ankerius Ng, Rahayu & Shih, 2016, is described from Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Ankerius grusocurare n. sp. is distinct from the only congener, A. aenigmaticus, by the shape of the lateral corner of the front (= supraorbital tooth), proportionally wider carapace, and the fewer number of the teeth along the upperflexor margin of the ambulatory meri. The present study brings the number of aphanodactylid taxa to 13 species.
Reproductive aspects of the shrimp Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878) (Caridea, Palaemonidae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama
Authors: Negri Mariana , Magalhães Tatiana , Rossi Natália , Felder Darryl L. , Mantelatto Fernando L.
Published: August 2017

The shrimp Cuapetes americanus is widely distributed in shallow waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, inhabiting sandy and rocky bottoms, macroalgae, seagrass beds, and mangrove roots. As the life cycle and ecology of this species remain poorly known, we investigated some reproductive traits of this species at Bocas del Toro, Panama. We collected and examined 167 individuals (63 males, 58 non-ovigerous females and 46 ovigerous females). Although males numerically dominated the larger size classes, ovigerous females were significantly larger than males and non-ovigerous females. All 46 ovigerous females were used to calculate embryo loss and embryo volume increase. Only females with eggs at an initial developmental stage () were used to estimate fecundity and reproductive output. A mean of 75.84 ± 40.16 embryos () occurred per female, a value near those reported for other species of Pontoniinae. A positive correlation between fecundity and female body size was observed, but it lacked significance. Likewise, a significant correlation between female body size and embryo volume was not detected. Embryo volume increased 35%, and females lost 26% of embryos on average during the incubation period, though significant changes were measurable only during early embryonic development. Mean reproductive output in the analysed reproductive event (0.22 ± 0.11, ) suggested a rate of energy investment in reproduction higher than average, as compared to females of most other decapods. A decrease in relative reproductive output was observed with the increase of female size, indicating that larger females were investing proportionally less energy in reproduction than smaller ones, when measured in relation to the body size, but this correlation also lacked significance. We review how these initial insights on reproduction of C. americanus at Bocas del Toro compare to those of other populations in various localities.
Two new species of the genus Actumnus Dana, 1851 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pilumnidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan
Authors: Takeda Masatsune , Komatsu Hironori
Published: August 2017

Two new species of the crab genus Actumnus Dana, 1851 (family Pilumnidae) are reported from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan. Actumnus tsurukaii sp. nov. is similar to A. squamosus (De Haan, 1835), A. setifer (De Haan, 1835) and A. forficigerus (Stimpson, 1858) in possessing a poorly defined dorsal surface of the carapace with a coat of short setae, but differs in having relatively larger, fewer and more widely spaced conical granules or tubercles on the outer surfaces of the palms of both chelipeds. Actumnus uformis sp. nov. is similar to A. dorsipes Stimpson, 1858 and A. granotuberosus Garth & Kim, 1983 in having a prominently areolated dorsal surface of the carapace with a soft thick tomentum, but can be distinguished by the stronger areolation and the distinctly U-shaped protogastric region.
Preparedness and Economic Integration in Africa – A Case with Reference to APRM
Authors: Ahmed Faisal
Published: August 2017

The ideas of governance and African integration and the inter-linkages between them are consistently defining policy-making in Africa. This paper analyses the Lagos Plan of Action and makes an assessment of various sub-regional integration pursuits within Africa, which is integral to the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM). The paper also analyses the business environment and economic governance in African sub-regions by assessing their participation in international trade and investment flows, besides discussing the trade-related institutional frameworks in Africa. Moreover, the paper analyses few indigenous best practices in the areas of infrastructural development, trade facilitation, competition regime, and, agricultural development, among others and also reflects on the pertinent concerns. It calls for a broad-based multi-stakeholder participation to help enhance Africa’s preparedness and global outreach.
“I'm Here Because of Christ and Worshipping God …”
Authors: Kpobi Lily , Sarfo Elizabeth Anokyewaa , Yendork Joana Salifu
Published: August 2017

Many people like to identify as belonging to one church or another. Previous studies have explored the process of switching from one religious group to another, and this process has identified various factors that determine the likelihood and reasons for switching. Although this has been explored, little is known about the factors that influence switching among charismatic Christians in Ghana, and the potential implications of such switching on mental well-being. Our study therefore explored the reasons given by members of selected neo-Pentecostal/charismatic churches in Ghana for their decision to switch to these churches. The study was conducted in six neo-Pentecostal churches in Accra and Kumasi through the use of individual and focus group interviews as well as observations of church activities. A total of 86 respondents cited reasons such as geographic mobility, marriage, answers to prayer, as well as miracles and prophecies as their determining factors. These are discussed with emphasis on the potential implications for mental health such as psychological distress, blind faith, and individual agency.
Exploring the Value of Understanding Society for Neighbourhood Effects Analyses
Authors: Knies Gundi
Published: August 2017

Understanding Society is a large representative household panel study for the uk. The study follows the same 40,000 households over time, beginning in 2009 and providing a detailed picture of how people’s lives are changing. One of the many innovative features of Understanding Society is that a great deal of information about neighbourhoods can be used alongside the individual and household-level information collected in the study, making it a useful study for neighbourhood effects analyses. In this paper the author explores four Understanding Society data products, based on four different types of rural-urban neighbourhood classifications, to throw light on how much heterogeneity in neighbourhood contexts is captured in the first waves of Understanding Society, including change in neighbourhood contexts.
Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections
Authors: COCK MATTHEW J. W. , CONGDON T. COLIN E. , COLLINS STEVE C.
Published: August 2017

Based mainly on the authors’ observations, information additional to the authors’ earlier papers on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae is reported, including Pyrrhochalcia iphis (Drury), Pyrrhiades aeschylus (Plötz), Coeliades chalybe chalybe (Westwood), C. ramanatek ramanatek (Boisduval), C. libeon (Druce), Tagiades insularis Mabille, Abantis bamptoni Collins & Larsen, Apallaga spp. of the galenus clade, Platylesches morigambia Larsen, P. panga Evans, P. picanini (Holland), P. rasta Evans, and Prosopalpus styla Evans.  The larval ectoparasitoid Eulophidae from our rearing are revisited and grouped into seven morphospecies, including Stenomesius japonicus (Ashmead).  The phylogeny of the Hesperinae incertae sedis is discussed in light of recent work on the phylogeny of the Hesperiidae.  Apallaga handmani (Collins & Congdon) stat rev. is removed from synonymy of A. biseriata maculata (Hampson) and accepted as a good species based on barcode and biology differences.
First records of the family Xylococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with description of a new species
Authors: WU SAN’AN , HUANG SHAOBIN , DONG QINGANG
Published: August 2017

A new species, Xylococcus castanopsis Wu & Huang sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on the adult female, preadult female and first-instar nymph. It was collected at Tianluhu Forest Park, Guangzhou city, Guangdong Province, China, under the bark of Castanopsis fissa Franch. (Fagaceae). It differs from X. filiferus Löw, 1882 in possessing multilocular pores each with 1 or 2 inner loculi, and in lacking tiny sensory pores near the base of the antenna; and from X. japonicus Oguma, 1926 in lacking legs and in possessing an unsclerotised anal tube in the adult female.
Two new species and one new record of the genus Metriocnemus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from Mongolia
Authors: CHEN SHAN , ZHANG RUILEI , FERRINGTON LEONARD C. JR.
Published: August 2017

The genus Metriocnemus from Mongolia is reviewed. Two new species Metriocnemus (Metriocnemus) crinitus sp. n. and Metriocnemus (Metriocnemus) ramirense sp. n. and one new record Metriocnemus (Metriocnemus) brusti Sæther, 1989 are described and illustrated based on male imagines.
Structure and mechanical properties of self-reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Chukov DI , Kharitonov AP , Tcherdyntsev VV , Zherebtsov DD , Maksimkin AV
Published: August 2017

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene-based self-reinforced composite materials were studied. Surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers was modified by direct fluorination and nitric acid treatment. Structure and mechanical properties of self-reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene depending on the content and type of modified fibers were studied. It was shown that self-reinforcing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene allows to obtain materials with improved strength–elastic properties. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the self-reinforced composite materials are more than three times higher than that of the unfilled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
Ranking States on Coverage of Cancer-Preventing Vaccines Among Adolescents: The Influence of Imprecision
Authors: Waldrop Anne R. , Moss Jennifer L. , Liu Benmei , Zhu Li
Published: August 2017

Objectives:

Identifying the best and worst states for coverage of cancer-preventing vaccines (hepatitis B [HepB] and human papillomavirus [HPV]) may guide public health officials in developing programs, such as promotion campaigns. However, acknowledging the imprecision of coverage and ranks is important for avoiding overinterpretation. The objective of this study was to examine states’ vaccination coverage and ranks, as well as the imprecision of these estimates, to inform public health decision making.

Methods:

We used data on coverage of HepB and HPV vaccines among adolescents aged 13-17 from the 2011-2015 National Immunization Survey-Teen (n = 103 729 from 50 US states and Washington, DC). We calculated coverage, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and ranks for vaccination coverage in each state, and we generated simultaneous 95% CIs for ranks using a Monte Carlo method with 100 000 simulations.

Results:

Across years, HepB vaccination coverage was 92.2% (95% CI, 91.8%-92.5%; states’ range, 84.3% in West Virginia to 97.0% in Connecticut). HPV vaccination coverage was 57.4% (95% CI, 56.6%-58.2%; range, 41.8% in Kansas to 78.0% in Rhode Island) for girls and 31.0% (95% CI, 30.3%-31.8%; range, 19.0% in Utah to 59.3% in Rhode Island) for boys. States with the highest and lowest ranks generally had narrow 95% CIs; for example, Rhode Island was ranked first (95% CI, 1-1) and Kansas was ranked 51st (95% CI, 49-51) for girls’ HPV vaccination. However, states with intermediate ranks had wider and more imprecise 95% CIs; for example, New York was 26th for girls’ HPV vaccination coverage, but its 95% CI included ranks 18-35.

Conclusions:

States’ ranks of coverage of cancer-preventing vaccines were imprecise, especially for states in the middle of the range; thus, performance rankings presented without measures of imprecision could be overinterpreted. However, ranks can highlight high-performing and low-performing states to target for further research and vaccination promotion programming.
Parenting Practices and Attitudes and the Role of Belief in Supernatural Evil: Results From a National U.S. Survey
Authors: Martinez Brandon C. , Tom Joshua C. , Ferguson Todd W. , Andercheck Brita , Stroope Samuel
Published: August 2017

Research on parenting has explored a variety of religious factors affecting child-rearing outcomes but has devoted limited attention to supernatural evil. We extend this work by examining the relationship between parents’ belief in supernatural evil and their child-rearing outcomes. We propose that parents with greater belief in supernatural evil practice “supernatural risk management,” and they use parenting orientations more closely associated with obedience and control to counter the potential influence of supernatural antagonists. Using a national survey of Americans with a multi-item index of belief in supernatural evil, we estimate models predicting five parenting outcomes: corporal punishment, using time outs, praising a child instead of disciplining, closely monitoring children, and closely monitoring children’s entertainment intake. We find partial support for our hypothesis as belief in supernatural evil is positively associated with corporal punishment, while negatively associated with believing praise is more important than discipline, and closely monitoring one’s child.
White matter hyperintensities in migraine: Clinical significance and central pulsatile hemodynamic correlates
Authors: Cheng Chun-Yu , Cheng Hao-Min , Chen Shih-Pin , Chung Chih-Ping , Lin Yung-Yang , Hu Han-Hwa , Chen Chen-Huan , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: August 2017

Background

The role of central pulsatile hemodynamics in the pathogenesis of white matter hyperintensities in migraine patients has not been clarified.

Methods

Sixty patients with migraine (20–50 years old; women, 68%) without overt vascular risk factors and 30 demographically-matched healthy controls were recruited prospectively. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities volume was determined by T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with CUBE-fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery sequences. Central systolic blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid augmentation index were measured by applanation tonometry. Carotid pulsatility index was derived from Doppler ultrasound carotid artery flow analysis.

Results

Compared to the controls, the migraine patients had higher white matter hyperintensities frequency (odds ratio, 2.75; p = 0.04) and greater mean white matter hyperintensities volume (0.174 vs. 0.049, cm3, p = 0.04). Multivariable regression analysis showed that white matter hyperintensities volume in migraine patients was positively associated with central systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.04) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( p < 0.001), but negatively associated with carotid pulsatility index ( p = 0.04) after controlling for potential confounding factors. The interaction effects observed indicated that the influence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( p = 0.004) and central systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.03) on white matter hyperintensities formation was greater for the lower-carotid pulsatility index subgroup of migraine patients. White matter hyperintensities volume in migraine patients increased with decreasing carotid pulsatility index and with increasing central systolic blood pressure or carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.

Conclusions

White matter hyperintensities are more common in patients with migraine than in healthy controls. Increased aortic stiffness or central systolic blood pressure in the presence of low intracranial artery resistance may predispose patients with migraine to white matter hyperintensities formation.
Healthcare @ The Speed of Thought: A digital world needs successful transformative leaders
Authors: Tremblay Ken
Published: August 2017

In the wake of transformational change powered by the digital era, resultant leadership challenges and strategies essential for successful change, both tactical and cultural, are linked to defined capabilities within the Systems Transformation domain of the LEADS in a Caring Environment framework. Honed from experience, specific softer leadership behaviours supporting system transformation are both described and reinforced. Further, a matrix combining the LEADS framework capabilities with these more specific behaviours is offered as a planning tool that leaders may reflect upon and map out key activities associated with their sponsorship of significant change.
Effectively leading for quality
Authors: Lachman Peter , Nicklin Wendy
Published: August 2017

Although significant advances have occurred in medical and related sciences, the quality improvement and patient safety movements have been slow to gain traction. There are many “pockets” of progress around the globe; however, the scale and spread has been slow. Stimulating culture and system change in healthcare requires a definitive change in leadership style and approach. Health leaders of today must commit to the critical success factors and demonstrate the attributes necessary to create change and raise the bar for quality improvement and safety.
The leadership shift—“From directing people to action to inspiring people to action”
Authors: Swan Bruce Harry
Published: August 2017

The leadership shift from directing people to action to inspiring people to action will focus on the coach approach to leadership and will clearly demonstrate how taking this approach not only gives lasting cultural change but also builds leadership capacity. Current examples of healthcare organizations that have implemented this approach will be shared along with the use of best practices coaching skills that embrace the International Coach Federation core competencies and code of ethics.
Leaders go first: Creating and sustaining a culture of high performance
Authors: Cochrane Bonnie S.
Published: August 2017

The culture of a healthcare organization plays a critically important role in determining whether strategic plans will be executed effectively and organizational goals will be achieved. A culture of high performance serves as a foundation that supports the implementation of healthcare strategies and enables health leaders to evaluate, select, optimize, and sustain a full portfolio of improvement initiatives linked directly to top priorities and mandates. This article argues that a culture of high performance should become an integral part of all strategic planning and, further, that a strong and explicit leadership commitment, beginning with the board and CEO and extending throughout all leadership levels, is required to implement a successful culture transformation. Proven methods for developing a culture of high performance in practice are described, addressing key areas such as alignment, accountability, standard behaviours and practices, leader development, discipline, and consistency.
Mourir : deux solitudes?
Authors: Wasylenko Eric
Published: August 2017

Le fossé moral entre les partisans et les opposants de l’aide médicale à mourir est large et peut être attribué à un certain nombre de croyances dichotomiques. Cet article porte sur un fondement particulier moins couramment décrit de ce fossé : l’acceptation humaine du déclin physique et de la mort en tant qu’étape importante de la vie, par opposition à la maîtrise humaine présumée du moment auquel les gens meurent et de la manière dont ils meurent. Des idées pratiques sont ensuite proposées aux systèmes de santé qui veulent combler le fossé en offrant à la fois de solides programmes de soins palliatifs de fin de vie ainsi qu’une aide médicale à mourir pour leurs patients, tout en préservant l’intégrité des travailleurs de la santé.
An Incentivized, Workplace Physical Activity Intervention Preferentially Increases Daily Steps in Inactive Employees
Authors: Mason M. Ryan , Ickes Melinda J. , Campbell Marilyn S. , Bollinger Lance M.
Published: August 2017

Although physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases, fewer than half of American adults meet the recommendations for daily PA, in part, due to large amounts of sedentary time in the workplace.

Purpose:

To determine the efficacy of an incentivized workplace PA intervention.

Design:

Retrospective cohort design.

Setting:

Large southeastern university.

Participants:

Of the 16 588 eligible employees working ≥8 h/wk, 6246 (37.6%) participated and 2206 (13.3%) were included in data analysis.

Intervention:

Six-week PA intervention with tiered incentives (value: $10.50-$29.00).

Measures:

Steps/day measured via consumer-grade PA monitors for 1-week pre-, 6-weeks during, and 1-week postintervention.

Analysis:

Participants were grouped by preintervention PA into 4 groups: <6000 (I); 6000 to 7999 (II); 8000 to 9999 (III); and ≥10 000 (IV) steps/d ( n = 481, 540, 485, and 700, respectively) in accordance with the tiered incentive schedule. Statistical comparisons were made by repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results:

During the intervention, participants achieving ≥10 000 steps/d increased by 60%. Groups I, II, and III significantly increased steps/day during the intervention (46%, 24%, and 11%, respectively), which was partially maintained in groups I and II 1-week postintervention. Group IV did not increase steps/day during the intervention and significantly decreased steps/day 1-week postintervention. The estimated cost per participant of this intervention increased with from group I ($55.41) to IV ($71.90).

Conclusion:

An incentivized, workplace PA intervention preferentially increases PA and is most cost-effective among university employees with low initial PA who may benefit substantially from increased levels of PA.
The vulnerable child in neoliberal contexts: the construction of children in the Aotearoa New Zealand child protection reforms
Authors: Keddell Emily
Published: August 2017

Recent policy reforms have substantially changed state responses to child abuse in Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ). These reforms draw on two related discourses: vulnerability and social investment. Shaped by a neoliberal political context, these discourses influence constructions of children and parents. Children are constituted in individualistic ways; as vulnerable victims requiring intervention to optimise future functioning, dichotomised against their irresponsible and invulnerable parents. This has different consequences for children in and outside of the permanent fostercare system.
Parametric analysis of a hybrid power system for rotorcraft emergency landing sequence
Authors: Avanzini G , Carlà A , Donateo T
Published: August 2017

The use of a hybrid powertrain for a conventional single main rotor helicopter is investigated, with the objective of assessing its feasibility and its potential impact on improving safety, especially for single-engine rotorcraft. The study is focused on the characteristics of the powertrain and required battery pack. It is based on a simple analysis of power required in forward flight and the estimate of the total energy required for a powered landing manoeuvre after thermal engine failure. Current technologies are considered as well as expected improvements, especially as far as energy density and power density of the battery are concerned. The latter analysis is based on current trends for battery and motors technologies, in order to determine the technological breakthrough limit.
Reasons for switching ART: Comparison of data collected in 2012–2013 and 2014–2015 in Florence, Italy
Authors: Fusco Francesco Maria , Burla Maria Chiara , Degli Esposti Anna , Pierotti Piera , Rabatti Loredana , Vichi Francesca
Published: August 2017

Persons living with HIV should remain on antiretroviral therapy (ART) indefinitely; however, a switch in the drug regimen is often necessary. In order to investigate if reasons for switching ART changed over time, we retrospectively analyzed reasons for switching and characteristics of switches among patients at Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital (OSMA), Florence area, Tuscany, Italy, over two periods (November 2012–October 2013 and November 2014–October 2015). The reasons for switching were classified as: simplification; virologic failure; occurrence of co-morbidities; and drug tolerability/toxicity issues. In period 1 (2012–2013), 18% patients changed their regimen vs. 13.5% in period 2 (2014–2015) (p = 0.019). Among reasons for switching, switches for simplification significantly increased from 41% in period 1 to 53% in period 2 (p = 0.004), with an increasing use of single tablet regimens (p = 0.002); no other statistically significant differences were found in other reasons for switching in periods 1 and 2. Characteristics of patients and of switches were analyzed and described. According to our data, the main reason for switching is now simplification, reflecting the recent changes in recommendations aimed to enhance adherence and quality of life, and to minimize, at the same time, drug toxicity and side effects.
The Issue of Racial Profiling in Traffic Stop Citations
Authors: Vito Anthony G. , Grossi Elizabeth L. , Higgins George E.
Published: August 2017

This study addresses racial profiling when the traffic stop outcome is a citation. This study uses focal concerns theory as a theoretical explanation for police officer decision-making while using propensity score matching to provide similarly situated drivers based on race and/or gender. This study uses traffic stop data (N = 48,586) collected by the Louisville Police Department between January 1 and December 31, 2002. The statistical results show that focal concerns theory components matter the most for traffic stop data even though racial profiling is still an issue. Propensity score matching is a statistical technique that provides a better way to determine whether racial profiling was evident. Gender was not significant for female drivers. This study advances our understanding of race and traffic stop citations using a theoretical explanation.
Are Logics Enough? Framing as an Alternative Tool for Understanding Institutional Meaning Making
Authors: Purdy Jill , Ansari Shaz , Gray Barbara
Published: August 2017

Understanding institutions requires attending both to their social fact qualities and to the bidirectional nature of institutional processes as they influence and are influenced by actors. We advocate for frames and framing as tools to elucidate meaning making activities, and to explain whether and how meanings subsequently spread, scale up, and perhaps become widely institutionalized. Frames as cognitive structures provide resources for actors and shape what they see as possible, while framing as an interaction process is a source of agency that is embedded in the everyday activities of individuals, groups, and organizations. In making the case for the framing approach, we consider how the extensive use of the logics approach in organization theory research has created confusion about what logics are and how they accommodate both structure and agency. We conclude with a discussion of the phenomenological and ontological potential of frames and framing.
The Future of Management in a World of Electronic Brains
Authors: Ferràs-Hernández Xavier
Published: August 2017

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is surpassing humans in data processing and computational power. But it also progresses in strategic thinking, creativity, and social interaction skills, bearing almost human cognitive abilities. How long does it take to see digital CEOs running corporations? Will management become a commodity developed by electronic brains?
Stochastic micromechanical predictions for the effective properties of concrete considering the interfacial transition zone effects
Authors: Chen Qing , Zhu Hehua , Ju JW , Jiang Zhengwu , Yan Zhiguo , Li Haoxin
Published: August 2017

A stochastic micromechanical framework for predicting the concrete probabilistic behavior is proposed considering the interfacial transition zone effects in this paper. The volume fraction of the interfacial transition zone is analytically calculated based on the aggregate grading. Multilevel homogenization schemes based on the direct interaction micromechanical solutions are presented to predict the concrete effective properties considering the aggregate and interfacial transition zone effects. By modeling the volume fractions and properties of the constituents as stochastic, we extend the deterministic framework to stochastic to incorporate the inherent randomness of effective properties among different concrete specimens. With the moments of the effective properties, the probability density function is approximated using the exponential polynomial for concrete material. Numerical examples including limited experimental validations, comparisons with existing micromechanical models, commonly used probability density functions, and the direct Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the proposed models provide an accurate and computationally efficient framework in characterizing the material’s effective properties. Finally, the effects of the randomness of interfacial transition zone and aggregate on the materials’ macroscopic probabilistic behaviors are investigated based on our proposed stochastic micromechanical framework.
A Longitudinal Perspective of Early Career Music Teachers: Contexts, Interactions, and Possible Selves
Authors: Dabback William
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this multiple case study was to follow the development of three music educators during their student teaching semesters and into the first years of their careers. Possible selves theory provided a framework for exploring the links between cognition, expectations, and motivation. Interviewees negotiated their social and physical contexts, which in turn shaped their self-images and conceptions of teaching and learning. Identities were constructed through personal experiences and formal study with significant others, including influential teachers, cooperating teachers, and colleagues. In these respects, classrooms served as the laboratories in which teachers learned how to build crucial relationships with their students, tested and reshaped emerging identities, and based actions and evaluation on their possible selves.
Predictors of Vasopressin Responsiveness in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Allen Brittainy , Kram Bridgette , Kram Shawn , Schultheis Jennifer , Wolf Steven , Gilstrap Daniel , Shapiro Mark
Published: August 2017

Background: Vasopressin is commonly used as an adjunct vasopressor in shock. However, response to vasopressin varies among critically ill patients. Objective: To identify patient-specific factors that are associated with vasopressin responsiveness in critically ill adults. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study included adult patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and received vasopressin for shock. Patients were excluded if they received vasopressin for less than 30 minutes, if vasopressin was initiated prior to ICU arrival, or if an additional vasopressor was initiated within 30 minutes of starting vasopressin. Responsiveness was defined as an increase in mean arterial pressure of ≥10 mm Hg or the ability to taper a concurrent catecholamine vasopressor. Patient-specific factors evaluated in a multivariate analysis included age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, type of shock, serum pH, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and use of stress-dose steroids. These variables were also evaluated in a subgroup analysis of patients with septic shock. Results: Of 1619 patients screened, 400 patients were included, with 231 identified as vasopressin responsive and 169 as nonresponsive. Vasopressin used as an adjunct vasopressor, as opposed to first line, during shock was the only variable associated with vasopressin responsiveness (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.65). Among the subgroup of patients with septic shock, female patients had a higher odds of responding than male patients (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.12 to 3.95). Conclusions: Vasopressin initiated as an adjunct vasopressor, as opposed to first-line therapy, was associated with response.
Endoscopic Treatment of Early-Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Sheski Francis D. , Mathur Praveen N.
Published: August 2017

Background

Disease-free survival after surgical resection of lung carcinoma in situ has been reported as over 90%. After resection of stage IA non-small cell lung cancer, survival at 5 years is approximately 60% to 70%. If endoscopic or bronchoscopic treatments of early-stage lung cancer can provide similar disease-free survival with less perioperative mortality, morbidity, and cost, then they may be alternative front-line therapies.

Methods

The authors review early-stage lung cancer detection by fluorescence bronchoscopy and the potential treatment of this disease by endoscopic techniques (photodynamic therapy, brachytherapy, Nd:YAG laser, electrocautery, and cryotherapy).

Results

Several reports have noted improved outcomes using endoscopic therapies for early-stage lung cancer, but insufficient data preclude firm conclusions regarding the role of fluorescence bronchoscopy, endobronchial brachytherapy, or electrocautery in early-stage lung cancer. Other than resection, photodynamic therapy may represent the best approach at this time. The principal indication for laser bronchoscopy is palliation of central airway obstruction

Conclusions

The identification of early-stage lung cancer provides no advantage if we have little to offer the patient short of traditional therapy. The value of newer treatment techniques and methods requires verification.
The Role of Induction Therapy in the Management of Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hensing Thomas A. , Detterbeck Frank , Socinski Mark A.
Published: August 2017

Background

Combined-modality therapy has become standard for many patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Although surgical resection offers the best chance for long-term survival, the limited number of resectable patients and the presence of occult micrometastatic disease has limited the effectiveness of this modality alone.

Methods

The authors reviewed several trials involving the use of induction chemotherapy in managing resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Results

Extensive phase II experience in patients with stage III disease has confirmed the feasibility of this approach. Unfortunately, heterogeneous patient populations and treatment regimens limit the ability to draw firm conclusions from these trials alone. While the phase III experience has been limited, long-term follow-up is now available suggesting that induction therapy may have a beneficial impact on survival, especially for those patients who can be sufficiently downstaged. Recent phase II trials have included stage III patients who have traditionally been considered inoperable. Although encouraging, the role of surgery after chemoradiotherapy for this population of patients remains undefined.

Conclusions

Results from ongoing randomized trials studying the impact of induction therapy on well-defined patient populations will be necessary before the optimal regimen and patient population can be identified.
Contemporary Smoking Cessation
Authors: Westmaas J. Lee , Nath Vani , Brandon Thomas H.
Published: August 2017

Background

Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States today. Oncologists are in a unique position to affect the health and economic burdens of smoking by encouraging cessation among their patients who smoke.

Methods

The authors describe and review the effectiveness of current smoking cessation interventions as well as strategies that can be used to encourage cessation among patients. Three types of smoking cessation interventions are described: minimal (or self-help) interventions, behavioral interventions, and pharmacotherapy. The effectiveness of combinations of these types of treatments is also discussed.

Results

Oncology professionals can improve their patients’ chances for success by implementing various cost-effective and easily executed smoking cessation interventions. Advice from a physician to quit smoking has resulted in long-term quit rates of up to 10.2%, and nicotine transdermal patches, nicotine gum, inhalers, and nasal sprays are also effective.

Conclusions

Oncologists are encouraged to adopt the “4As” treatment protocol recommended by the National Cancer Institute: ask patients about their smoking status, advise them to quit, assist by recommending pharmacotherapy, counseling, and psychosocial self-help materials, and arrange follow-up.
Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways in Bladder Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: Jung Ichabod , Messing Edward
Published: August 2017

Background

The basis for bladder cancer development and progression is complex and involves genetic abnormalities. These abnormalities yield phenotypic changes that allow normal transitional cells to become cancerous and finally acquire the “malignant phenotype.”

Methods

The authors review the most common genetic alterations in bladder cancer and the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the conversion of normal transitional cell into malignant transitional cancer cells.

Results

There are several potential genetic changes of the urothelium that eventually cause bladder cancer initiation and tumor progression. Some of these alterations are also found in other malignancies suggesting that key common pathways exist in the development of cancer.

Conclusions

As the roles of certain genes or proteins are further elucidated, a better understanding of cancer development can aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of bladder cancer.
Contemporary Management of Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Pow-Sang Julio M. , Seigne John D.
Published: August 2017

Background

Bladder cancer is the second most common urologic malignancy after prostate cancer. Superficial bladder cancer presents as a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable biological potential. A significant percentage of patients diagnosed with superficial cancer will have multiple recurrences, and some will progress to invasive disease.

Methods

Patients are stratified into low- or high-risk for recurrence and progression. We review the most recent literature regarding intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer, and we summarize indications for the use of intravesical agents as well as their efficacy, toxicity, and cost.

Results

Several intravesical agents are available for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Patients may be identified as low- or high-risk for recurrence and progression. High-risk patients benefit from intravesical therapy.

Conclusions

Superficial bladder cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Treatment is effective in preventing recurrences and progression in the high-risk group.
Progress in the Management of Metastatic Bladder Cancer
Authors: Parimoo Deepika , Raghavan Derek
Published: August 2017

Background

Inadequate survival results from single agents in the management of advanced bladder cancer have prompted several trials involving multidrug combinations to increase response rates and survival.

Methods

Since the development of the MVAC regimen (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) and the CMV regimen (cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine), other regimens have been tested. We evaluate results from regimens that include cisplatin combined with gemcitabine, paclitaxel, or docetaxel, and paclitaxel combined with gemcitabine or carboplatin.

Results

Objective results observed with various new combinations are promising. Objective response (OR) rates of 41%, 59%, and 71% are reported with a regimen of gemcitabine plus cisplatin. Paclitaxel plus cisplatin produced OR rates of 65% and 72%.

Conclusions

The use of combination cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens in treating patients with metastatic bladder cancer has nearly doubled median survival to 12 months, with a 3-year survival of approximately 20% to 25%. Caution must be exercised in using some of the newer regimens as survival may be inferior compared with the MVAC regimen.
Assessment and Management of Pain in Palliative Care Patients
Authors: Perron Vincent , Schonwetter Ronald S.
Published: August 2017

Background

Pain affects more than 70% of cancer patients but is often undertreated.

Methods

The authors review and present methodologies to maximize proper palliative approaches to this symptom for the majority of patients.

Results

The World Health Organization's stepwise guide to pain control serves as an excellent basis for management. Around-the-clock dosing, using adjuvant treatments, and using noninvasive routes of administration provide good pain control for 80% of patients.

Conclusions

Barriers to effective pain control will be reduced as new JCAHO standards regarding pain control are implemented.