bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Holocene persistence of wooded steppe in the Great Hungarian Plain
Authors: Magyari E.K. , Chapman J.C. , Passmore D.G. , Allen J.R.M. , Huntley J.P. , Huntley B.
Published: February 2010

Aim  We used a combination of new and previously published palaeoecological data to test three hypotheses: (1) that wooded steppe persisted in the Great Hungarian Plain throughout the Holocene; (2) that wooded steppe and steppe were most extensive between c. 9900 and 8300 cal. yr bp (the ‘Boreal steppe’ period); and (3) that Southern Continental, Pontic and Eastern Sub‐Mediterranean steppe species reached the region during the early Holocene via the ‘Lower Danube Corridor’.

Location  Sarló‐hát oxbow lake, Hungary and the Eastern European wooded steppe zone.

Methods  Holocene sediments deposited in the Sarló‐hát oxbow lake were subjected to pollen and microcharcoal analyses. Twelve radiocarbon age estimates were obtained to determine sediment chronology. In addition, previously published palaeoecological data from the Great Hungarian Plain were compiled, analysed and compared with previous studies in other regions of steppe and wooded steppe in eastern Europe.

Results  Palynological data from two sediment cores extending to c. 11,400 cal. yr bp indicate the persistent dominance of the landscape by temperate deciduous wooded steppe throughout the Holocene, although with varying canopy composition. Warm‐continental steppe grasslands and saline tall‐grass meadows developed on edaphically constrained areas, which remained steppe‐dominated throughout the Holocene. The extent of steppe grasslands did not increase between 9900 and 8300 cal. yr bp. After c. 3100 cal. yr bp, anthropogenic activities led to the development of cultural steppe. Thermophilous steppe species of the Southern Continental, Pontic and Sub‐Mediterranean floristic elements probably reached the Great Hungarian Plain principally via the Lower Danube Corridor during the late glacial interstadial and Holocene. Eurythermic members of these elements, however, probably survived the Last Glacial Maximum in favourable microsites, extending their ranges during the Holocene from these local sources.

Main conclusions  Our results confirm the Holocene persistence of wooded steppe in the Great Hungarian Plain, disprove the ‘Boreal steppe’ theory, and suggest an Early Holocene period of greater vegetation openness between 11,400 and 9900 cal. yr bp. Evidence for the post‐glacial immigration of south‐eastern steppe elements into the Carpathian Basin is equivocal: the last glacial/interglacial presence of several southern steppe species suggests that the Hungarian Plain hosted suitable habitats for them during warm and cold phases alike.
Tumour‐selective antivascular effects of the novel anti‐mitotic compound A‐318315: Anin vivorat regional haemodynamic study
Authors: Segreti Jason A , Brooks Kristin A , Marsh Kennan C , Bauch Joy L , Lan Yan , Thomas Lin C , Rosenberg Saul H , Sham Hing L , Reinhart Glenn A , Cox Bryan F , Polakowski James S
Published: February 2010

1. It has been shown that tubulin‐binding agents can destabilize cellular microtubules and suppress tumour growth; but it has also become apparent that some compounds can exert anti‐vascular effects within the neovasculature of a solid tumour. To date, the difficulty with these targets has been the ability to selectivity induce vascular damage to the tumour while leaving normal vasculature unaffected. The data presented here characterizes thein vivo, tumour selective, anti‐vascular effects of the novel tubulin‐binding agent A‐318315.

2. To that purpose, we have used an anaesthetizedin vivorat model designed to quantify acute changes in regional vascular resistance (VR) in both tumour and non‐tumour vascular beds, simultaneously. Tissue‐isolated tumours (approximately 1.25 gm) with blood flow supplied by a single epigastric artery were grown in the hindlimb of adult male rats. Blood flow to the tumour, mesenteric, renal and normal (non‐tumour epigastric) arteries was measured pre‐dose and post‐dose under anaesthesia.

3. A‐318315 was tested at 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.v. These doses produced modest, transient increases in mean arterial pressure with little to no effect on heart rate. At peak effect, tumour VR increased to 175 ± 47, 337 ± 77 and 751 ± 151% above the baseline, for the 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg doses, respectively, whereas VR was only modestly and transiently increased in normal epigastric (88 ± 19%), mesenteric (33 ± 3.3%) and renal arteries (17 ± 8.6%).

4. These data demonstrate that A‐318315 produces marked reductions in tumour blood flow in the rat at doses that exert minor effects on normal vascular function.
Effect of the specialist herbivore Luehdorfia puziloi on the performance of a woodland herbaceous plant, Asarum heterotropoides
Authors: ISHIZAKI SATOMI , NARUMI TADASHI , MIZUSHIMA MIKI , OHARA MASASHI
Published: February 2010

Plants show many responses to herbivore damage caused by insects. We investigated the effect of the specialist leaf herbivore Luehdorfia puziloi on the performance of a deciduous forest understory perennial herb Asarum heterotropoides. We conducted artificial defoliation experiments with different levels of damage (0, 50 or 100% clipping) in the early growing period (flowering time: early May) and in the late growing period (when natural herbivory by L. puziloi larvae occurs: early June) in a natural population. Effects of the defoliation treatments on reproduction (seed‐set ratio) of A. heterotropoides in the treated year and on survival and development of the plant in the subsequent year were investigated. Severe defoliation conducted in the early period resulted in less current‐year seed production and increased regression to a dormant or non‐reproductive stage in the following year, which would reduce the probability of future flowering. In contrast, defoliation conducted in the late period had no effect on the reproduction, survival and development of A. heterotropoides. Similarly, we found no obvious correlation between the damaged leaf area during the later period and seed set. Our results show that the specialist herbivore L. puziloi did not influence the performance of A. heterotropoides by damaging the plant later in the season when it was tolerant of damage.
Mothers' depression and health‐related quality of life in neuromuscular diseases: Role of functional independence level of the children
Authors: Yılmaz Oznur , Yıldırım Sibel Aksu , Öksüz Cigdem , Atay Sibel , Turan Ebru
Published: February 2010

Background:  In the literature there have been studies about quality of life of parents who have children with chronic diseases. Most of these studies have focused on the stress of parents of children with neuromuscular disease (NMD), and there was no evidence to support hypothesized relationships between caregiving demands and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the relations between maternal depression and HRQOL and functional limitations of the children with NMD.

Methods:  Forty children with a diagnosis of NMD and their mothers were included in the study. HRQOL of the mothers was assessed on the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP); potential cases of depressive illness were identified on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); and Wee‐Functional Independence Measure (Wee‐FIM) was used to evaluate of functional independence level of the children.

Results:  It was found that mean total NHP score of the mothers was moderately correlated with the total FIM score and sphincter control of the child, and weakly correlated with the locomotion of the child (P < 0.001). There was moderate correlation between mothers' social isolation and children's sphincter control, social integration and total Wee‐FIM score and a weak correlation between mobility and communication scores (P < 0.001). In contrast there was no correlation between BDI scores of mothers and Wee‐FIM scores of children (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:  The functional level of children with NMD is one of the factors that affect the quality of life of mothers.
Association of development of chronic lung disease of newborns with neonatal colonization of Ureaplasma and cord blood interleukin‐8 level
Authors: Yada Yukari , Honma Yoko , Koike Yasunori , Takahashi Naoto , Momoi Mariko Y.
Published: February 2010

Background:  The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of chronic lung disease (CLD), neonatal Ureaplasma colonization, and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) level of cord blood in preterm infants.

Methods:  In 77 infants of <32 weeks gestation, the relationship between IL‐8 level of cord blood, neonatal colonization of Ureaplasma, histological chorioamnionitis (CAM), and development of CLD was studied.

Results:  Five infants died and 29 infants developed CLD. The CLD group had significantly lower gestation (mean ± SD: 26.6 ± 1.8 weeks) compared with the infants without CLD (28.9 ± 1.9 weeks, P < 0.0001). Logistic analysis showed that the development of CLD was associated with gestational age (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4–0.8) and Ureaplasma colonization (OR, 4.1; 95%CI: 1.2–14.4). Ureaplasma colonization was also associated with CAM (OR, 6.5; 95%CI: 1.8–23.5), absence of respiratory distress syndrome (OR, 6.2; 95%CI: 1.3–30.5), and development of CLD (OR, 4.0; 95%CI: 1.1–15.3). Elevated cord blood IL‐8 ≥100 pg/mL was associated with female sex and the isolation of microorganisms (OR, 49.4; 95%CI: 4.6–525).

Conclusion:  The development of CLD defined by oxygen requirement at 36 weeks was associated with neonatal Ureaplasma colonization but not with IL‐8 level of cord blood. Elevated cord blood IL‐8 was associated with neonatal microorganisms isolation.
Review of the genetics of thyroid tumours: diagnostic and prognostic implications
Authors: Gilfillan Christopher P.
Published: February 2010

Background:  Thyroid nodules are common, but only a small proportion harbour malignancy. Despite this, the frequency of thyroid cancer is on the increase and thyroid malignancy is the most common endocrine malignancy. Preoperative diagnosis is based on ultrasound and radionucleotide imaging as well as the fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). These biopsies yield a large proportion of indeterminate results due to inadequate material for cytological diagnosis, or due to the cytological similarity of FAs and follicular carcinomas.

Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid malignancy have led to the detection of characteristic genetic alterations in FNABs. This technology has the potential to increase the specificity of this test, combining cytological with genetic testing to reduce the number of indeterminate results, thereby reducing the number of thyroidectomies performed for benign disease.

Methods:  This review examines the evidence for the presence of the common genetic alterations in thyroid cancer and outlines the pathological and clinical correlations of these mutations. The practicality and utility of measuring these genetic alterations in FNAB specimens is also outlined as well as the potential for these tests to alter primary management and follow‐up of patients with nodular thyroid disease.

Conclusion:  It is likely that a combination of molecular testing and cytological examination of FNAB specimens will prove to be the most efficient and specific method of diagnosing thyroid cancer preoperatively.
Infected pancreatic necrosis: minimizing the cut
Authors: Wysocki A. Peter , McKay Colin J. , Carter C. Ross
Published: February 2010

The challenge for the pancreatologist managing patients with infected pancreatic necrosis is to devise a treatment algorithm that enables recovery but at the same time limits the morbidity and mortality. The current gold standard remains open necrosectomy. Recent literature contains scattered reports of endoscopic, radiologic, laparoscopic, percutaneous and lumbotomy approaches to managing patients with this condition. This literature review addresses the role of techniques that aim to minimize the physiological insult to the patient with infected pancreatic necrosis.
Seat belt injury to the female breast: review and discussion of its surgical management
Authors: Paddle Alenka M. , Morrison Wayne A.
Published: February 2010

With the use of the three‐point lap–diagonal seat belt restraint, there has been a reduction in the number of deaths caused by automobile trauma. However, a new pattern of injury has emerged, the ‘seat‐belt syndrome’, which comprises a constellation of injuries including soft tissue injury to the breast. Given that seat belt legislation is becoming more widespread, it is likely that the incidence and reporting of these injuries will become more common. In this paper, we provide an overview of the varied clinical and radiological presentations, and suggested management of seat belt injury to the female breast. The consequences of such injury can be severe in their functional, psychosocial and aesthetic impact, and thus, using an index case as an example, the previously unreported area of breast reconstruction in a breast deformed as a result of blunt trauma is discussed, highlighting some of its challenges.
Intramural oesophageal dissection
Authors: Beumer Jesse D. , Devitt Peter G. , Thompson Sarah K.
Published: February 2010

Intramural oesophageal dissection is an uncommon but important clinical condition. It often occurs in patients who are anticoagulated, and the clinical presentation may include chest pain, dysphagia and haematemesis. The aim of this review was to determine an appropriate treatment algorithm for patients with suspected intramural oesophageal dissection. We conducted a literature review using PubMed and MedLine up until December 2008. We also reported on our own case series of three patients with intramural oesophageal dissection presenting at two Adelaide hospitals over the past 5 years. Recognition of the risk factors and clinical symptoms associated with this condition is imperative to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful investigations and therapy. Intramural oesophageal dissection usually follows a benign course requiring conservative therapy only.
Review of imaging of scaphoid fractures
Authors: Smith Michael , Bain Gregory I. , Turner Perry C. , Watts Adam C.
Published: February 2010

Scaphoid fractures are the most common fractures of the carpus, accounting for 79% of all carpal fractures. Early diagnosis of scaphoid fractures is imperative owing to potential complications following the fracture, including non‐union, avascular necrosis, carpal instability and osteoarthritis. Plain radiography remains the initial imaging modality to assess scaphoid fractures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is excellent in the detection of clinically suspected, but initially radiographically negative, scaphoid fractures. Cost‐effectiveness analysis studies have demonstrated MRI is effective in this setting. Gadolinium enhanced MRI has been shown to be superior to unenhanced MRI in the detection of avascular necrosis. Computerized tomography scan is the preferred modality to assess the intricacies of scaphoid fracture, including fracture location and deformity, as well as union status. This review paper explores the recent advances in imaging of the scaphoid, with reference also to avascular necrosis and non‐union following a scaphoid fracture.
A Quasi‐Experimental Study of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Academic Achievement
Authors: D’Onofrio Brian M. , Singh Amber L. , Iliadou Anastasia , Lambe Mats , Hultman Christina M. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Långström Niklas , Lichtenstein Paul
Published: February 2010

The current study, based on all births in Sweden from 1983 to 1991 (N = 654,707), explored the processes underlying the association between smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and offspring school grades and mathematic proficiency at age 15. The analyses compared relatives who varied in their exposure to SDP and who varied in their genetic relatedness. Although SDP was statistically associated with academic achievement (AA) when comparing unrelated individuals, the results suggest that SDP does not cause poorer academic performance, as full siblings differentially exposed to SDP did not differ in their academic scores. The pattern of results suggests that genetic factors shared by parents and their offspring help explain why offspring exposed to SDP have lower levels of AA.
Safeguarding Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Little Karoo, South Africa
Authors: EGOH BENIS N. , REYERS BELINDA , CARWARDINE JOSIE , BODE MICHAEL , O'FARRELL PATRICK J. , WILSON KERRIE A. , POSSINGHAM HUGH P. , ROUGET MATHIEU , De LANGE WILLEM , RICHARDSON DAVID M. , COWLING RICHARD M.
Published: February 2010

Abstract:  Global declines in biodiversity and the widespread degradation of ecosystem services have led to urgent calls to safeguard both. Responses to this urgency include calls to integrate the needs of ecosystem services and biodiversity into the design of conservation interventions. The benefits of such integration are purported to include improvements in the justification and resources available for these interventions. Nevertheless, additional costs and potential trade‐offs remain poorly understood in the design of interventions that seek to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. We sought to investigate the synergies and trade‐offs in safeguarding ecosystem services and biodiversity in South Africa's Little Karoo. We used data on three ecosystem services—carbon storage, water recharge, and fodder provision—and data on biodiversity to examine several conservation planning scenarios. First, we investigated the amount of each ecosystem service captured incidentally by a conservation plan to meet targets for biodiversity only while minimizing opportunity costs. We then examined the costs of adding targets for ecosystem services into this conservation plan. Finally, we explored trade‐offs between biodiversity and ecosystem service targets at a fixed cost. At least 30% of each ecosystem service was captured incidentally when all of biodiversity targets were met. By including data on ecosystem services, we increased the amount of services captured by at least 20% for all three services without additional costs. When biodiversity targets were reduced by 8%, an extra 40% of fodder provision and water recharge were obtained and 58% of carbon could be captured for the same cost. The opportunity cost (in terms of forgone production) of safeguarding 100% of the biodiversity targets was about US$500 million. Our results showed that with a small decrease in biodiversity target achievement, substantial gains for the conservation of ecosystem services can be achieved within our biodiversity priority areas for no extra cost.
A Conceptual Analysis of the Application of Tradable Permits to Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: WISSEL SILVIA , WÄTZOLD FRANK
Published: February 2010

Abstract:  Tradable permits have been applied in many areas of environmental policy and may be a response to increasing calls for flexible conservation instruments that successfully conserve biodiversity while allowing for economic development. The idea behind applying tradable permits to conservation is that developers wishing to turn land to economic purposes, thereby destroying valuable habitat, may only do so if they submit a permit to the conservation agency showing that habitat of at least the equivalent ecological value is restored elsewhere. The developer himself does not need to carry out the restoration, but may buy a permit from a third party, thus allowing a market to emerge. Nevertheless, the application of tradable permits to biodiversity conservation is a complex issue because destroyed and restored habitats are likely to differ. There may be various trade‐offs between the ecological requirements that destroyed and restored habitats be as similar as possible, and the need for a certain level of market activity to have a functioning trading system. The success of tradable permits as an instrument for reconciling the conflicts between economic development and conservation depends on the existence of certain economic, institutional, and ecological preconditions, for example, a functioning institutional framework, sufficient expert knowledge, and adequate monitoring and enforcement mechanisms.
Recovery training in cyclists: ergometric, hormonal and psychometric findings
Authors: Faude O. , Meyer T. , Urhausen A. , Kindermann W.
Published: February 2010

This randomized cross‐over study aimed at comparing the recovery effect of 4 days of low‐intensity, discipline‐specific training of 1 vs 3 h daily. Eleven athletes completed two periods of 13 days intensive cycling training (IT), followed by a recovery period consisting of 4 days of low‐intensity cycling for either 1 or 3 h each day. Before IT, after IT and after the recovery period, subjects were tested in the laboratory: venous blood sampling, “profile of mood states” (POMS), graded cycling test and a 30‐min time trial (TT). Maximal heart rates and lactate concentrations decreased significantly after IT. Peak power output, maximal heart rates and maximal lactate concentrations changed significantly different during the recovery periods. Whereas these parameters were similar to pre‐training values after 1‐h daily active recovery, 3‐h recovery training (REC) led to further decreases. Power output during TT was neither affected by IT nor by both recovery periods. TT‐induced increases in cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin were reduced only after 3‐h REC. Total POMS and subscores fatigue and vigor changed significantly different during the recovery periods, a return to pre‐training levels after 1 h active recovery and a further deterioration after 3 h REC. It is concluded that low‐intensity training of a 1‐h duration each day is more appropriate for recovery after an IT period than 3 h.
Exercise‐induced skeletal muscle deoxygenation in O2‐supplemented COPD patients
Authors: Vogiatzis I. , Athanasopoulos D. , Stratakos G. , Garagouni C. , Koutsoukou A. , Boushel R. , Roussos C. , Zakynthinos S.
Published: February 2010

This study was designed to assess quadriceps oxygenation during symptom‐limited and constant‐load exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy age‐matched controls. Thirteen male COPD patients [FEV1: 43±5% predicted (mean±SEM)] and seven healthy male controls performed an incremental exercise test at peak work rate (WR) and a constant‐load test at 75% peak WR on a cycle ergometer. Quadriceps hemoglobin saturation (StO2) was measured by continuous‐wave near‐infrared spectrophotometry throughout both exercise tests. StO2 is the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin and reflects the relative contributions of tissue O2 delivery and tissue O2 utilization. Oxygen was supplemented to all patients in order to maintain arterial O2 saturation normal (>95%). The StO2 decreased during symptom‐limited exercise, reaching the nadir at peak WR. The decrease in StO2 was greater (P<0.05) in healthy subjects (from 74±2% to 38±6%) compared with that in COPD patients (from 61±5% to 45±4%). However, when StO2 was normalized relative to the WR, the slope of change in StO2 during exercise was nearly identical between COPD patients and healthy subjects (0.47±0.10%/W and 0.51±0.04%/W, respectively). During constant‐load exercise, the kinetic time constant of StO2 desaturation after the onset of exercise (i.e., equivalent to time to reach approximately 63% of StO2 decrease) was not different between COPD patients and healthy subjects (19.0±5.2 and 15.6±2.5 s, respectively). In O2‐supplemented COPD patients, peripheral muscle oxygenation for a given work load is similar to that in healthy subjects, thus suggesting that skeletal muscle O2 consumption becomes normal for a given O2 delivery in COPD patients.
Retracted: The relationship between physical activity and health‐related quality of life: a systematic review of current evidence
Authors: Klavestrand J. , Vingård E.
Published: February 2010

Retraction: The following article from Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, ‘The relationship between physical activity and health‐related quality of life: a systematic review of current evidence’ by Johan Klavestrand and Eva Vingård, published in Volume 19 Issue 3, June 2009, pages 300 to 312 has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Michael Kjaer and John Wiley & Sons A/S. The retraction has been agreed due to an overlap between this article and a paper which has appeared in the journal, Preventive Medicine, Volume 45 Issue 6, pages 401 to 415, entitled ‘Physical activity level and health‐related quality of life in the general adult population: a systematic review’, by Raphaël Bize, Jeffrey A. Johnson and Ronald C. Plotnikoff. The corresponding author J Klavestrand apologises to the authors of the article identified above for the overlap between the two articles.
Circulation in normal and inflamed dental pulp
Authors: BERGGREEN ELLEN , BLETSA ATHANASIA , HEYERAAS KARIN J.
Published: February 2010

In the pulp, arteries branch into a capillary network before they leave the pulp as venules through the apical foramina. The tissue has low compliance, as it is enclosed in dentin, and has a relatively high blood flow and blood volume. The interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and colloid osmotic pressure are relatively high whereas the net driving blood pressure is low. The high pulsatile IFP is probably the major force for propelling lymph in the dental pulp. Vasodilation in neighboring tissue as well as arteriovenous (AV) shunts in the pulp itself can contribute to a fall in total and coronal pulpal blood flow, respectively. The pulp blood flow is under nervous, humoral, and local control. Inflammatory vascular responses, vasodilation, and increased vessel permeability induce an increase in IFP that can be followed by a temporarily impaired blood flow response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from bacteria may cause endothelial activation in the pulp, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced vascular perfusion. Lymphatic vessels are identified with specific lymphatic markers in the pulp but so far, little is known about their function. Because of the special circulatory conditions in the pulp, there are several clinical implications that need to be considered in dental treatment. Received 13 February 2009; accepted 28 August 2009.
Special Issue: ‘Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century’– Preface
Authors: Gagnier Regenia
Published: February 2010

This article is the preface to the Literature Compass special issue on ‘Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century’.

The special issue is made up of the following pieces:

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Preface’, Regenia Gagnier, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 33–34, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00672.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Introduction’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 35–36, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00673.x.

‘Electronic Archives and Critical Editing’, Jerome McGann, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 37–42, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00674.x.

‘Theorizing the Digital Scholarly Edition’, Hans Walter Gabler, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 43–56, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00675.x.

‘Editing Without Walls’, Peter Robinson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 57–61, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00676.x.

‘Our Affection for Books’, Susan J. Wolfson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 62–71, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00677.x.

‘His Days Among the Dead Are No Longer Passed: Editing Robert Southey’, Lynda Pratt, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 72–81, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00678.x.

‘Different Demands, Different Priorities: Electronic and Print Editions’, Stuart Curran, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 82–88, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00679.x.

‘Editing Manuscripts in Print and Digital Forms’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 89–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00680.x.

‘All of the Above: The Importance of Multiple Editions of Renaissance Manuscripts’, Steven W. May, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 95–101, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00681.x.

‘Editing Early Modern Women’s Manuscripts: Theory, Electronic Editions, and the Accidental Copy‐Text’, Margaret J.M. Ezell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 102–109, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00682.x.

‘Different Strokes, Same Folk: Designing the Multi‐form Digital Edition’, Daniel Paul O’Donnell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 110–119, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00683.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– A Conclusion’, Laura Mandell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 120–133, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00684.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Combined Bibliography’, Marotti et al., Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 134–144, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00685.x.
Editing Without Walls
Authors: Robinson Peter
Published: February 2010

This article is part of a Literature Compass special issue on ‘Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century’.

The special issue is made up of the following pieces:

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Preface’, Regenia Gagnier, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 33–34, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00672.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Introduction’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 35–36, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00673.x.

‘Electronic Archives and Critical Editing’, Jerome McGann, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 37–42, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00674.x.

‘Theorizing the Digital Scholarly Edition’, Hans Walter Gabler, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 43–56, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00675.x.

‘Editing Without Walls’, Peter Robinson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 57–61, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00676.x.

‘Our Affection for Books’, Susan J. Wolfson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 62–71, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00677.x.

‘His Days Among the Dead Are No Longer Passed: Editing Robert Southey’, Lynda Pratt, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 72–81, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00678.x.

‘Different Demands, Different Priorities: Electronic and Print Editions’, Stuart Curran, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 82–88, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00679.x.

‘Editing Manuscripts in Print and Digital Forms’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 89–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00680.x.

‘All of the Above: The Importance of Multiple Editions of Renaissance Manuscripts’, Steven W. May, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 95–101, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00681.x.

‘Editing Early Modern Women’s Manuscripts: Theory, Electronic Editions, and the Accidental Copy‐Text’, Margaret J.M. Ezell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 102–109, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00682.x.

‘Different Strokes, Same Folk: Designing the Multi‐form Digital Edition’, Daniel Paul O’Donnell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 110–119, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00683.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– A Conclusion’, Laura Mandell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 120–133, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00684.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Combined Bibliography’, Marotti et al., Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 134–144, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00685.x.
Special Issue: ‘Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century’– A Conclusion
Authors: Mandell Laura
Published: February 2010

This piece is a conclusion to theLiterature Compassspecial issue on ‘Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century’.

The special issue is made up of the following pieces:

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Preface’, Regenia Gagnier,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 33–34, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00672.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Introduction’, Arthur F. Marotti,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 35–36, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00673.x.

‘Electronic Archives and Critical Editing’, Jerome McGann,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 37–42, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00674.x.

‘Theorizing the Digital Scholarly Edition’, Hans Walter Gabler,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 43–56, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00675.x.

‘Editing Without Walls’, Peter Robinson,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 57–61, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00676.x.

‘Our Affection for Books’, Susan J. Wolfson,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 62–71, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00677.x.

‘His Days Among the Dead Are No Longer Passed: Editing Robert Southey’, Lynda Pratt,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 72–81, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00678.x.

‘Different Demands, Different Priorities: Electronic and Print Editions’, Stuart Curran,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 82–88, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00679.x.

‘Editing Manuscripts in Print and Digital Forms’, Arthur F. Marotti,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 89–94, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00680.x.

‘All of the Above: The Importance of Multiple Editions of Renaissance Manuscripts’, Steven W. May,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 95–101, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00681.x.

‘Editing Early Modern Women’s Manuscripts: Theory, Electronic Editions, and the Accidental Copy‐Text’, Margaret J.M. Ezell,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 102–109, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00682.x.

‘Different Strokes, Same Folk: Designing the Multi‐form Digital Edition’, Daniel Paul O’Donnell,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 110–119, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00683.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– A Conclusion’, Laura Mandell,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 120–133, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00684.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Combined Bibliography’, Marotti et al.,Literature Compass7.2 (2010): 134–144, doi:10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00685.x.
Special Issue: ‘Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century’– Combined Bibliography
Authors: McGann Jerome , Gabler Hans Walter , Wolfson Susan J. , Pratt Lynda , Curran Stuart , Marotti Arthur F. , May Steven W. , Ezell Margaret J. M. , O’Donnell Daniel Paul , Mandell Laura
Published: February 2010

This piece is the combined bibliography for the Literature Compass special issue on ‘Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century’.

The special issue is made up of the following pieces:

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Preface’, Regenia Gagnier, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 33–34, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00672.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Introduction’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 35–36, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00673.x.

‘Electronic Archives and Critical Editing’, Jerome McGann, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 37–42, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00674.x.

‘Theorizing the Digital Scholarly Edition’, Hans Walter Gabler, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 43–56, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00675.x.

‘Editing Without Walls’, Peter Robinson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 57–61, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00676.x.

‘Our Affection for Books’, Susan J. Wolfson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 62–71, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00677.x.

‘His Days Among the Dead Are No Longer Passed: Editing Robert Southey’, Lynda Pratt, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 72–81, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00678.x.

‘Different Demands, Different Priorities: Electronic and Print Editions’, Stuart Curran, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 82–88, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00679.x.

‘Editing Manuscripts in Print and Digital Forms’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 89–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00680.x.

‘All of the Above: The Importance of Multiple Editions of Renaissance Manuscripts’, Steven W. May, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 95–101, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00681.x.

‘Editing Early Modern Women’s Manuscripts: Theory, Electronic Editions, and the Accidental Copy‐Text’, Margaret J.M. Ezell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 102–109, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00682.x.

‘Different Strokes, Same Folk: Designing the Multi‐form Digital Edition’, Daniel Paul O’Donnell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 110–119, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00683.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– A Conclusion’, Laura Mandell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 120–133, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00684.x.

‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Combined Bibliography’, Marotti et al., Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 134–144, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00685.x.
(Re)Conceptualizating Race/Ethnic Relationships in US Schools: Toward a Multifaceted and Multilevel Framework
Authors: Ochoa Gilda L.
Published: February 2010

Since the Civil Rights Movements, the emphasis on confronting power, inequality, and racism in US schools has receded. So too has the movement to reverse racial/ethnic segregation and enhance student interactions. Instead, much popular and academic discourse focuses on standardized tests and achievement gaps, leaving the social aspects of schooling and race/ethnic interactions under‐explored and largely ignored. Meanwhile, racial/ethnic tensions, hierarchies, inequalities, and the patterns, institutions, and systems that maintain them persist. During a period of growth in the percentages of Latina/o and Asian American/Pacific Islander students, this article argues for the importance of theorizing, researching, and reconceptualizing race/ethnic interactions in schools. Key to this process is adopting a multifaceted and multilevel approach. This involves moving beyond dichotomous thinking and instead adopting a framework that explores (1) the strengths of quantitative and qualitative research; (2) cross‐ and intra‐racial/ethnic relations; (3) the significance of race/ethnicity, class, and gender; (4) a conflict‐solidarity continuum of relationships; and (5) the salience of macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐dynamics on school interactions. The adoption of this approach allows for a more complex, nuanced, and contemporary analysis of the phenomena occurring in today’s schools, thereby facilitating the possibility for change.
Elbow Dislocation and Articular Fracture of the Distal Humerus
Authors: Guitton Thierry G. , Duckworth Andrew D. , Mcqueen Margaret M. , Kloen Peter , Ring David
Published: February 2010

Background

The present report describes subluxation and dislocation of the elbow with articular fracture of the distal humerus and injury to the medial collateral ligament, a type of elbow fracture-dislocation about which little is available in the literature.

Methods

Twenty-two patients with subluxation or dislocation of the elbow (with injury to the medial collateral ligament) and a fracture of the distal humerus articular surface (capitellum/trochlea) were identified. Seventeen patients had a minimum of 12 months follow-up and eight patients returned for a long-term follow-up at a median of 36 months (range 12 months to 154 months) after injury.

Results

Nine patients had one or more subsequent surgeries. Seven patients had surgery to address complications and two had a planned implant removal. The final median arc of elbow flexion was 120° (range 100° to 145°) and the median arc of forearm rotation was 175° (range 150° to 180°). The median Broberg and Morrey score was 88 points (range 63 points to 100 points) and the median Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand score was 9 points (range 1 point to 43 points).

Discussion

Some elbow dislocations and subluxations are associated with osteochondral fractures of the distal humeral articular surface.
The content and stable isotopic composition of carbon in individual micrometeorites from Greenland and Antarctica
Authors: WRIGHT Ian P. , YATES Paul , HUTCHISON Robert , PILLINGER ColinT.
Published: February 2010

Abstract— The C contents and δ13C values of eleven individual micrometeorites have been determined using a combination of stepped combustion and static mass spectrometry. A new low‐blank procedure, involving pretreatment of the samples with a solvent to remove surficial contaminants, has enabled samples of 6–84 μg to be analysed successfully. The eleven samples (seven separated from Greenland cryoconite and four from Antarctic ice) were each split prior to C determination and a fragment taken for study using analytical electron microscopy. In this way, the chemical compositions were obtained thereby allowing comparison with other investigations. As with previous studies of micrometeorites collected at the Earth's surface, the major difficulty with interpreting the results involves distinguishing indigenous components from terrestrial contaminants. Overall C contents were typically <0.2 wt%, although one of the Greenland samples contained 1.5 wt% C, considered to arise mainly from algal contamination. For the other samples, around 0.05–0.15 wt% of the total C in each micrometeorite was considered to be organic in nature with at least some of this (if not all) being terrestrial in origin; the remainder was probably indigenous, being analogous to the macromolecular organic material found in primitive carbonaceous chondrites. The generally low content of this indigenous organic material, compared to conventional meteorites, is presumably a reflection of C loss from the micrometeorites either during atmospheric heating, or subsequent weathering. For that C combusting between 500 and 600 °C, ten of the samples appeared to show a simple two‐component system (i.e., a mixture of blank and an isotopically light component; δ13C > −32%). It is possible that the light component is Cδ, a fine‐grained form of presolar diamond which is known to be prevalent in primitive chondritic meteorites. If so, then it is present in the micrometeorites at concentrations of ∼30–600 ppm (typically 200 ppm), which is a similar level to that in meteorites. An analysis of algae separated from Greenland cryoconite shows tentative evidence for the presence of extraterrestrial silicon carbide; however, further work will be needed to substantiate this
Nuclear tracks and light noble gases in Allan Hills 84001: Preatmospheric size, fall characteristics, cosmic‐ray exposure duration and formation age
Authors: GOSWAMI J. N. , SINHA N. , MURTY S. V. S. , MOHAPATRA R. K. , CLEMENT C. J.
Published: February 2010

Abstract— Cosmic‐ray produced nuclear tracks and noble gases have been studied in the martian orthopyroxenite Allan Hills 84001 to delineate its cosmic‐ray exposure history, preatmospheric size, and fall characteristics. A K‐Ar age of 3.9 Ga, cosmic‐ray exposure duration of 16.7 Ma, and a preatmospheric radius of 10 cm have been deduced from the noble gas and track data. The track data suggest ALH 84001 to be a single fall that has suffered atmospheric mass ablation in excess of 85%, higher than the value deduced for the shergottites, ALHA 77005, EETA 79001, and Shergotty. The formation age, as well as the cosmic‐ray exposure duration, determined in this work are in good agreement with values reported earlier and are distinctly different from other shergottite, nakhlite, and chassignite (SNC) meteorites analysed so far. The high cosmogenic 22Ne/21Ne ratio of 1.22 most probably reflects an effect due to non‐chondritic composition of ALH 84001 as the track data suggest high shielding (<5cm) for the analysed samples. There are signatures in the noble gas data that indicate the possible presence of trapped Ar and Ne of martian atmospheric origin in ALH 84001.
Noble gas measurements in the L/LL5 chondrite Knyahinya
Authors: LAVIELLE Bernard , TOÉ Seraphin , GILABERT ERIC
Published: February 2010

Abstract—The L/LL5 chondrite Knyahinya had an approximately spherical shape, and as it experienced a single stage exposure history, it represents a very interesting object to study depth profiles of cosmic‐ray‐produced nuclide concentrations. Such data are required to improve and to validate model calculations of production rates. We report Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe isotopic abundances in five bulk samples. The adopted procedure of noble gas extraction included two pyrolysis steps at 450 °C and 650 °C, respectively, followed by a combustion step in pure O2at 650 °C before melting the sample. This procedure allows for the separation of a significant fraction of the trapped Kr and Xe, leading to an enrichment of the cosmic‐ray produced component, which is released in the melting step. The isotopic composition of the trapped Xe component measured in the combustion step is found to be identical with the OC‐Xe composition (Lavielle and Marti, 1992) and supports the suggestion that ordinary chondrites formed in a homogeneous trapped noble gas reservoir. Cosmic‐ray produced Kr and Xe components and depth profiles were measured, including for the first time a81Kr profile. The calculated exposure age of 39.5 ± 1.0 Ma, based on the81Kr‐Kr method, is found to be in excellent agreement with previous determinations. The concentrations of trapped and fissiogenic noble gas components are clearly lower than those generally observed in type 5 ordinary chondrites and may suggest diffusion losses before a meter‐sized object was exposed to the cosmic radiation.
METEOMOD: A numerical model for the calculation of melting‐crystallization relationships in meteoritic igneous systems
Authors: ARISKIN A. A. , PETAEV M. I. , BORISOV A. A. , BARMINA G. S.
Published: February 2010

Abstract— The METEOMOD model is a computer program designed to calculate melting‐crystallization relationships in igneous systems compositionally similar to ordinary chondrites and basaltic achondrites. The core of METEOMOD is a set of empirically calibrated equations, called geothermometers, which describe equilibria between silicate melt and minerals such as olivine, orthopyroxene, pigeonite, augite, plagioclase, and metallic Fe in terms of pressure, temperature, and liquid compositions. The silicate mineral geothermometers are calibrated from a database containing the compositions of melts and minerals produced in melting experiments on 113 meteoritic and 141 synthetic systems. The metallic iron‐silicate melt geothermometer is calibrated from a database of 396 melting experiments.

The Meteorite Melting Model or METEOMOD calculates crystallization temperatures and contents of major end members in mineral solid solutions with accuracies of ±10–15 °C and ±1–2 mol%, respectively. Input parameters for the program are (1) increment in crystallization degree; (2) one of 12fO2 buffers routinely used in petrology; (3) shift from the buffer in log units, if any; (4) a choice of equilibrium or fractional crystallization trajectory; (5) terminal crystallization degree; (6) contents of ten major elements in wt%; (7) a set of minor and trace elements in parts per million; (8) the number of initial compositions to be modeled in a single computation run. The output consists of a series of tables that list equilibrium temperatures, O fugacities, and proportions of melt and minerals and their compositions, as a function of the degree of crystallization.

The results of application of METEOMOD to modeling of melting‐crystallization of the St. Severin LL chondrite are compared with the experimental data of Jurewicz et al. (1995).