bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
การบังคับใช้อนุสัญญาสหประชาชาติว่าด้วยสัญญาซื้อขายสินค้าระหว่างประเทศ ค.ศ.1980 ภายใต้การตั้งข้อสงวนข้อ 96 : ศึกษากรณีการรับฟังพยานหลักฐานนอกเอกสาร
Authors:   , กุลพรเพ็ญ อริญชย์
Published: July 2024

ปัจจุบันประเทศไทยยังไม่ได้เข้าร่วมเป็นภาคีอนุสัญญา CISG แต่อย่างใด ประเทศไทยพิจารณาเข้าร่วมโดยตั้งข้อสงวนข้อ 96 ส่งผลให้รูปแบบของการทำสัญญา รวมถึงการพิสูจน์ถึงการมีอยู่ของสัญญา ตามมาตรา 11 แห่ง CISG ไม่มีผลใช้บังคับ กรณีเช่นนี้ศาลประเทศไทยจะต้องปรับบทกฎหมายตามประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ มาตรา 456 และรับฟังพยานหลักฐานเพื่อพิสูจน์ถึงข้อเท็จจริง ตามประมวลกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความแพ่ง มาตรา 94 ซึ่งกฎหมายดังกล่าวอาจมีความไม่สอดคล้องกับบริบททางการค้าระหว่างประเทศและไม่เป็นไปตามเจตนารมณ์ของ UNCITRAL เอกัตศึกษาฉบับนี้มุ่งศึกษากฎหมายเกี่ยวกับการบังคับใช้อนุสัญญาสหประชาชาติว่าด้วยสัญญาซื้อขายสินค้าระหว่างประเทศ ค.ศ.1980 (CISG) ภายใต้การตั้งข้อสงวนข้อ 96 โดยพิจารณาถึงผลกระทบของการตั้งและไม่ตั้งข้อสงวนข้อ 96 ทั้งนี้จะพิจารณารวมไปถึงการรับฟังพยานหลักฐานนอกเอกสาร จากการศึกษาเปรียบเทียบอนุสัญญา CISG ต่างประเทศ พบว่าประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาไม่มีการตั้งข้อสงวนข้อ 96 สัญญาสามารถทำด้วยวิธีการใด รวมถึงพิสูจน์พยานหลักฐานด้วยวิธีการใดก็ได้ไม่นำกฎหมายภายใน Parol Evidence Rule มาใช้บังคับ สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมเวียดนามกฎหมายภายในกำหนดให้สัญญาซื้อขายสินค้าระหว่างประเทศต้องทำเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรจึงมีการตั้งข้อสงวนข้อ 96 ส่วนสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีนขณะเข้ารวมเป็นภาคีมีการตั้งข้อสงวนข้อ 96 ไว้ แต่ภายหลังมีการแก้ไขกฎหมายภายในว่าการทำสัญญาจะกระทำด้วยวิธีการใดก็ได้จึงมีการยกเลิกข้อสงวนข้อ 96 ผลของการศึกษานำไปสู่ข้อเสนอแนะให้ประเทศไทยเข้าร่วมเป็นภาคีอนุสัญญา CISG โดยไม่ตั้งข้อสงวนข้อ 96 เพื่อที่การทำสัญญาซื้อขายสินค้าระหว่างประเทศจะกระทำลงในรูปแบบใดก็ได้ และสามารถพิสูจน์ถึงการมีอยู่ของสัญญาด้วยวิธีใดก็ได้เช่นกัน ตามมาตรา 11 แห่งอนุสัญญา CISG เพื่อให้เป็นไปตามเจตนารมณ์ของผู้ร่างกฎหมาย ทั้งนี้เพื่อแก้ไขการขัดกันของประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ และประมวลกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความแพ่ง กับอนุสัญญา CISG ผู้เขียนจึงขอเสนอให้แยกกฎหมายที่บังคับใช้กับสัญญาซื้อขายภายในประเทศออกจากกฎหมายที่ใช้บังคับกับสัญญาซื้อขายสินค้าระหว่างประเทศ โดยนำวิธีการปรับใช้บทกฎหมายของประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกามาเป็นแนวทางปรับใช้ เพื่อให้การปรับใช้กฎหมายมีความชัดเจนต่อไป
การศึกษาเปรียบเทียบกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการลงทุนทางตรงจากต่างประเทศ ระหว่างประเทศไทยกับประเทศเวียดนามในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้าและอิเล็กทรอนิกส์
Authors:   , กัลยาณมิตร จิตรกัญญา
Published: July 2024

เอกัตศึกษาเล่มนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษากฎหมายของไทยและเวียดนาม ตลอดจนปัจจัยอื่น ๆ ที่ส่งเสริมการลงทุนทางตรงจากต่างประเทศในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้าและอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ และเพื่อวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบความแตกต่างของกฎหมายของไทยและเวียดนาม ตลอดจนปัจจัยอื่น ๆ ที่ส่งเสริมการลงทุนทางตรงจากต่างประเทศในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้าและอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ ผู้ศึกษาได้เปรียบเทียบสิทธิประโยชน์ตามพระราชบัญญัติส่งเสริมการลงทุน พ.ศ. 2520 กับกฎหมายการลงทุน ปี พ.ศ. 2563 (The Law on Investment 2020) ของเวียดนาม รวมถึงปัจจัยอื่น ๆ ที่ส่งเสริมการลงทุนทางตรงจากต่างประเทศในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้าและอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ของไทยและเวียดนาม ได้แก่ ความตกลงการค้าเสรี สัญญาว่าด้วยการเก็บภาษีซ้อน อัตราค่าจ้างขั้นต่ำ ผลิตภัณฑ์มวลรวมในประเทศ เสถียรภาพทางการเมือง ประชากร และภูมิศาสตร์ เพื่อทราบความแตกต่างของกฎหมายของไทยและเวียดนาม ตลอดจนปัจจัยอื่น ๆ ที่ส่งเสริมการลงทุนทางตรงต่างประเทศของไทยในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้าและอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ เพื่อได้แนวทางในการส่งเสริมการลงทุนทางตรงจากต่างประเทศในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้าและอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ของประเทศไทย จากการศึกษาพบว่า มาตรการส่งเสริมการลงทุนตามกฎหมายส่งเสริมการลงทุนของประเทศไทยและประเทศเวียดนามในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้าและอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ มีความแตกต่างกัน โดยมาตรการส่งเสริมการลงทุนของเวียดนามในบางเรื่องให้สิทธิประโยชน์มากกว่ามาตรการส่งเสริมการลงทุนของไทย นอกจากนี้ เวียดนามยังมีความได้เปรียบในปัจจัยอื่น ๆ ที่ส่งเสริมการลงทุนทางตรงจากต่างประเทศในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้าและอิเล็กทรอนิกส์เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับประเทศไทย ปัจจัยเหล่านั้นได้แก่ การจัดทำความตกลงการค้าเสรี อัตราค่าจ้างขั้นต่ำ ผลิตภัณฑ์มวลรวมในประเทศ เสถียรภาพทางการเมือง และประชากร
มาตรการการส่งเสริมและควบคุมรถยนต์โดยสารที่มีที่นั่งไม่เกิน 10 คน สำหรับรับส่งคนพิการ - ผู้สูงอายุ
Authors:   , หลิน เซียเวย
Published: July 2024

ประเทศไทยได้ก้าวเข้าสู่ “สังคมผู้สูงอายุโดยสมบูรณ์" เมื่อปี 2564 โดยมีผู้สูงอายุที่มีอายุ 60 ปีขึ้นไปกว่า 12.3 ล้านคน และมากเป็นอันดับ 2 ของอาเซียน นอกจากนี้ ยังมีคนพิการ 2.1 ล้านคน ปัจจุบันผู้สูงอายุ คนพิการ และผู้มีปัญหาสุขภาพ ประสบปัญหาด้านการเดินทาง กล่าวคือ มียานพาหนะที่สามารถรองรับกลุ่มคนพิเศษเหล่านี้น้อยเกินกว่าความต้องการ อีกทั้ง ยานพาหนะบางประเภทยังมีข้อจำกัดในการรองรับการใช้งานสำหรับผู้ที่ใช้วีลแชร์ขนาดใหญ่ หรือการเข้าถึงเส้นทางที่คับแคบ ดังนั้นรถยนต์โดยสารที่มีที่นั่งไม่เกิน 10 ที่นั่ง สำหรับรับส่งคนพิการและผู้สูงอายุ จึงเป็นอีกทางเลือกหนึ่งที่ควรได้รับการผลักดันและส่งเสริมให้เกิดการผลิตและให้บริการมากขึ้น เนื่องจากเป็นรถยนต์ที่สามารถนำมาใช้ในลักษณะของรถยนต์ส่วนตัวและรถขนส่งสาธารณะได้ มีพื้นที่เพียงพอสำหรับการรองรับการใช้งานของผู้ใช้วีลแชร์แบบธรรมดาและไฟฟ้าทั้งขนาดเล็กและใหญ่ และมีอุปกรณ์ที่ช่วยลดภาระและการพึ่งพาคนรอบข้างของคนพิการและผู้สูงอายุ อย่างไรก็ตาม รถยนต์โดยสารที่มีที่นั่งไม่เกิน 10 ที่นั่งสำหรับรับ-ส่งคนพิการและผู้สูงอายุ ยังมีปัญหาด้านกฏหมายอยู่หลายประการ ประการที่ 1 คือปัญหาเรื่องต้นทุนการผลิตที่ค่อนข้างสูงเนื่องจากรถยนต์ดังกล่าวเข้าข่ายที่ต้องเสียภาษีสรรพสามิต 25% - 40% ตามพระราชบัญญัติภาษีสรรพสามิต พ.ศ.2560 และบัญชีพิกัดอัตราภาษีสรรพสามิต พิกัดที่ 06.02 ในกฎกระทรวงกำหนดพิกัดอัตราภาษีสรรพสามิต (ฉบับที่ 23) พ.ศ. 2565 ทำให้ผู้ให้บริการต้องแบกรับต้นทุนที่สูง จึงมีการผลิตรถยนต์ประเภทดังกล่าวน้อยเกินกว่าความต้องการของตลาด ประการที่ 2 ประเทศไทยยังไม่มีมาตรการสนับสนุนและข้อกำหนดด้านความปลอดภัยที่ชัดเจนในการควบคุมการผลิตและให้บริการอย่างเหมาะสมที่จะควบคุมให้การใช้รถประเภทนี้เพียงพอต่อความต้องการและมีความปลอดภัยสำหรับผู้ใช้งาน งานวิจัยเล่มนี้จึงจัดทำขึ้นเพื่อศึกษากฏหมาย มาตรการการส่งเสริมและควบคุมความปลอดภัยในการผลิตและให้บริการรถยนต์โดยสารที่มีที่นั่งไม่เกิน 10 คนสำหรับรับส่งคนพิการ-ผู้สูงอายุของไทย และประเทศญี่ปุ่น เพื่อวิเคราะห์ เปรียบเทียบ และหาแนวทางแนะนำเพื่อปรับใช้ให้เหมาะสมกับบริบทของประเทศไทย จากการศึกษาพบว่ารัฐบาลไทยควรกำหนดมาตรการการส่งเสริมและควบคุมรถยนต์โดยสารดังกล่าว โดยกำหนดมาตรการทางภาษีที่เหมาะสม ออกกฏเกณฑ์การขออนุญาตผลิตรถยนต์ดังกล่าวให้ชัดเจนเพื่อลดขั้นตอนการดำเนินการและภาระของเจ้าหน้าที่ ให้เงินอุดหนุนและเงินสินเชื่อสำหรับคนพิการ ผู้สูงอายุ และเจ้าของกิจการที่จ้างงานคนพิการและผู้สูงอายุสำหรับซื้อรถยนต์โดยสารดังกล่าว รวมถึงการติดตั้งอุปกรณ์ที่จำเป็น นอกจากนี้ควรมีการกำหนดมาตรฐานความปลอดภัยเพื่อควบคุมการผลิตรถยนต์ดังกล่าวให้มีความปลอดภัยตามมาตรฐานสากล มาตรการเหล่านี้จะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อการยกระดับคุณภาพชีวิตของคนพิการและผู้สูงอายุ รวมทั้งเพิ่มศักยภาพในการแข่งขันด้านการท่องเที่ยวเชิงสุขภาพและเชิงการแพทย์ของประเทศไทย อีกทั้งทำให้การผลิตรถยนต์มีคุณภาพตามมาตรฐานที่กำหนด และผู้ใช้บริการได้รับความปลอดภัยมากขึ้น
Short-term Overreaction of the Indonesian Islamic Stock Market to Specific Events during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rosmala Novia , Irfany Mohammad Iqbal , Camara Bumi , Haq Daffa Aqomal
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic is a rare and unexpected occurrence. Everyone has felt the global economic impact of the health crisis, including the Indonesian Islamic stock market. The shock in the Islamic stock markets has created uncertainty and a shift in investor behavior, potentially leading to an overreaction abnormality. The aim of this research is to look into a phenomenon in Indonesia's Islamic stock market. Analytical methods include the event study approach and cross-sectional regression. This study discovered that Joe Biden's election as President of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic (Event 8) and the increase in daily COVID-19 deaths (Event 11) overreacted to the winner category stocks using the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). A component that drives such overreactions is market capitalisation, which has a substantial influence on it. Furthermore, trading volumes influenced overreaction significantly.
Sosialisasi Pembukuan Sederhana pada Kelompok Tani Hikmah Desa Pegasing Kabupaten Aceh Tengah
Authors: Risnafitri Hafizhah , Yuana Adella
Published: July 2024

Tujuan pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat berupa sosialisasi pembukuan sederhana adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam pencatatan dan pembukuan keuangan sederhana Kelompok Tani Hikmah. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah penyuluhan atau sosialisasi kepada anggota kelompok Tani Hikmah terkait pentingnya pencatatan dan pembukuan keuangan sederhana.Kegiatan pengabdian ini diikuti oleh 20 peserta yang merupakan anggota Kelompok Tani Hikmah, Desa Pegasing, Aceh Tengah. Hasil yang didapat dengan adanya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah anggota Kelompok Tani Hikmah telah memahami penerapan ilmu akuntansi melalui pembukuan sederhana dan mengetahui pentingnya memisahkan antara keuangan rumah tangga dengan keuangan pengelolaan pertanian.
Penerapan Metode Brainstorming Ditinjau Dari Kemampuan Literasi Dan Numerasi Siswa SMP Muhammadiyah 22 Kisaran
Authors: Ema Rahma Yunita Ansi , Nasution Susi Masriani
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar mengajar di SMP Muhammadiyah 22 Kisaran melalui penggunaan platform metode Brandstorming pada Literasi Numerasi Merdeka Belajar. Untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini, berikut beberapa solusi yang akan dilakukan 1. Pelatihan bagi Guru: lakukan pelatihan intensif bagi guru-guru di SMP Muhammadiyah 22 Kisaran tentang penggunaan metode Brandstorming pada Media belajar Merdeka Belajar. Berikan pengetahuan mendalam tentang cara mengoptimalkan langkah-langkah metode Brandstorming ini untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang interaktif dan efektif. 2. Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran: dukung guru-guru untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran sesuai kurikulum yang berlaku. Pastikan perangkat pembelajaran sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa dan memanfaatkan berbagai metode pada Merdeka Belajar lain, yang dapat meningkatkan daya tarik dan pemahaman siswa.
Evolución de las técnicas de comunicación en la investigación en salud pública: una revisión crítica de la literatura
Authors: Ítalo Rosendo Arroba Bermeo  , Cristian Andrés Arroba Riofrio  , Alisson Mishell Sánchez Morales  , Lourdes Susana Cabezas Rojas
Published: July 2024

La evolución de las técnicas de comunicación en la investigación en salud pública ha sido significativa en los últimos años, impulsada principalmente por los avances tecnológicos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente esta evolución y su impacto en la diseminación de información de salud. Se realizó una revisión crítica de la literatura, abarcando artículos en español e inglés publicados entre 2017 y 2023. La investigación es de tipo cualitativo y utilizó el análisis temático para evaluar los datos extraídos. Se incluyeron estudios relevantes identificados a través de una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos académicas reconocidas. Los resultados indican una transición hacia el uso de tecnologías digitales, mejorando la accesibilidad de la información. Sin embargo, persisten desafíos relacionados con la equidad en el acceso, la privacidad de los datos y la literacidad digital. Las técnicas de personalización de mensajes han mostrado ser efectivas para aumentar la participación del público, pero requieren un manejo cuidadoso para evitar la invasión de la privacidad. En conclusión, aunque las tecnologías digitales han transformado la comunicación en salud pública, es esencial equilibrar estos avances con consideraciones de equidad y privacidad. Las estrategias de comunicación deben ser adaptadas continuamente para mejorar su efectividad y abordar los desafíos emergentes.
On the Modelling Possibilities of Integrated Circuits Behavior Using Active Learning Principles
Authors:   Gheorghe Asachi  Technical University Iasi, Romania, GROSU Vasile , DAVID Emilian ,   Infineon Technologies Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2024

There are many situations in applications like circuit design, optimization or verification where the simulation time and licensing costs of simulator can become very prohibitive. Therefore, developing metamodels that would mimic circuit behavior for these applications might be highly desired since they can be used at least as a fast preliminary design tool by the engineers to speed up the development process. Efficient sampling strategies can be further employed for further reducing the simulation related costs for designing such metamodels. In this paper we propose two Active Learning sampling schemes that can be used to minimize the number of samples needed for creating reliable metamodels. We validate and compare the approaches with classical fixed sampling schemes on a set of synthetic functions, a simulated circuit and a power device.
Space Medicine and AI: Past, Present, Future
Authors: Farsadaki Vanessa ,   Thunderbird School of Global Management, Leclerc Denis , Griffy-Brown Charla ,   Space Exploration Strategies,   Thunderbird School of Global Management
Published: July 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving intersection between Space Medicine and Artificial Intelligence (AI), tracing its journey from nascent conceptualizations to its current state and projecting future trends. For the purposes of this overview, only specific currently available AI methodologies will be used. These include Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Convolution Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Natural Language Processing. Initially, this exploration delves into the historical context, examining how early space missions recognized the need for medical monitoring and support, and the rudimentary role early forms of AI played in these stages. The paper then transitions to the present, highlighting current advancements where AI has become integral in diagnosing and managing health issues in space, optimizing life support systems, and enhancing astronauts’ physical and psychological well-being. Significant focus is placed on current AI-driven technologies, such as predictive algorithms for health risks, robotic surgical tools, and AI-assisted mental health support. Looking ahead, the paper explores potential future developments, envisioning a scenario where AI not only augments space medicine but becomes a critical component in long-duration interplanetary missions. This includes AI’s role in autonomous medical systems, personalized medicine, and in addressing the unique challenges of deep space travel. The paper concludes with a discussion on the ethical, logistical, and technical challenges that lie ahead, emphasizing the need for robust, ethically guided AI frameworks to ensure the safety and health of astronauts as humanity ventures further into the cosmos.
Semi-open urban blocks and convertible apartments: A-4 residential buildings in Novi Sad, awarded the Borba prize for architecture
Authors: Antešević Nebojša , Gubić Ilija
Published: July 2024

The article examines the architectural and urban characteristics of the residential building (type A-4), which was designed during the implementation of the Novo Naselje urban project in Novi Sad in the 1970s. The authors were architects Slavko Županski, Bora Radusinović and Radoje Cvetkov. Based on their project, three semi-open blocks of flats were built in the new urban settlement. This innovative multi-family housing project won the Vojvodina Borba Award for Architecture in 1979. Since the first Vojvodina Borba award in 1975, there have been nominations and awards for the construction of various typologies, confirming the importance of architecture for the community. The award-winning and nominated architecture in Vojvodina is represented by the unique design approach of each author, expressed in the structure and aesthetics of lowland modernism, where the culture of living and the culture of building are equally sublimated, developed in a positive relationship with the environment (urban and natural). In the area of Novo Naselje, the urban plan was intended to enable the improvement of living conditions by building better apartments (in terms of surface area and equipment) and improving the social cohesion of the population through different social groups. The architecture of the A-4 type housing studied is characterised by the development of the concept of the block in relation to the urban environment of the settlement and a study of the housing needs, which resulted in different possibilities for the organisation and use of the dwellings. The authors emphasised their intention to create houses that are lived in both inside and outside, with forms and environmental values that the tenants can identify with and live together. In all these processes, the authors sought a link between the collective housing architecture they were working on and traditional Pannonian houses.
Nikola Popović as the editor of the first church magazine in Serbia ("Pastir": a magazine for science and literature with religious content)
Authors: Stanojević Saša
Published: July 2024

The paper discusses the pioneering endeavor of Nikola (Nestor) Popović (1833-1884) as the editor of the first church magazine in Serbia. After returning from Russia, where he was studying, he made progress and became the important religious and cultural worker in Serbia. He taught as a professor at the Gymnasium and Theological College in Belgrade, and for a time he was the religious teacher of the minor Milan Obrenović, the future king of Serbia. He became the rector of the seminary and finally the bishop of Nish. Understanding the growing need to start a religious magazine, he found the publication Pastir [Shepherd]: a magazine for science and literature with religious content, whose editor he was during its existence between 1868 and 1870. Magazine had readers not only in the then Principality of Serbia, but also among the interested clergy and believers in the Ottoman Empire (in Old Serbia) and especially in the area of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (the Metropolitanate of Karlovci). Regardless of the understandable lacks characteristic for every beginning, the importance of the magazine under Popović's editorship is reflected in the fact that he managed to lay the foundations and pave the way for further continuous church periodical publishing in Serbia.
Economic competitiveness of autochthonous (local) grapevine varieties for the production of white wines
Authors: Jeločnik Marko , Jakšić Darko , Petrović Mladen
Published: July 2024

Grapevine belongs to the group of essential agro-food products. Moreover, through the presence of autochthonous varieties it could bear the part of cultural and ethnic identity of certain nation or local community. The main goal of the paper is to assess if there is general economic competitiveness for the farm contained in growing autochthonous (local) contrary to widely recognized international grapevine varieties with the purpose of producing white wines. Method used implies calculation of contribution margin, and determination of critical values in grapevine production. Analyzed data set was gained from the producer located in the Tri Morave wine-growing region (PDO), Trstenik wine-growing subregion in central Serbia. Gained results showed that in circumstances of growing demand of white wine better economic competitiveness could be derived from autochthonous (local) than international variety growing. Obtained results could be used in popularization of autochthonous and regional varieties growing at national level.
Why is programming "hard"? Using robots to teach programming in a non-formal educational context: Implications for practice
Authors: Kuzmanović Dobrinka , Baucal Aleksandar
Published: July 2024

Programming is a digital competence necessary for life in the 21st century. In recent decades, education systems around the world have redefined curricula to include programming as a standalone subject or integrated into other subjects, from an early age. In addition to formal education, programming is also taught in non-formal educational contexts (NEC) and the use of educational robots is becoming more common. The aim of this paper is to familiarize with the advantages and challenges of using Sphero robots (BB-8 and SPRK+) in teaching visual programming in the NEC and to formulate practical implications. The research was conducted as a part of the Learning for the 21st Century project in 17 cities in Serbia. The quantitative research included 677 students (Mage = 12.16; SD = 1.10), and the qualitative 42 students and 5 workshop leaders. Descriptive quantitative and qualitative, thematic analysis was applied. The results show that using robots has additional educational and motivational value in the process of teaching visual programming and algorithmic thinking. From the point of view of the students and workshop leaders, the NEC has a number of advantages compared to traditional teaching of programming: learning through play, experiential learning, creativity and initiative of participants, insight that programming can be interesting, even though it is "hard". Challenges are formulated in the paper, as well as practical recommendations for teaching practice.
General self-efficacy and entrepreneurial abilities of the female pre-service preschool teachers
Authors: Stepić Gordana
Published: July 2024

It is believed that the self-efficacy and entrepreneurial abilities of the pre-service preschool teachers are important characteristics that influence the quality of educational work and create opportunities for the development of competencies for the lifelong learning of students/children. The aim of the research is to examine the general self-efficacy and entrepreneurial abilities of the female pre-service preschool teachers after the implemented program for encouraging entrepreneurship. The research was conducted on a sample of 132 female students in the second, third, and fourth year of undergraduate studies (N=132). Future teachers estimate that their general self-efficacy and entrepreneurial abilities are above average after the implemented program. There is a positive, moderate correlation between the level of the general self-efficacy of the pre-service preschool teachers and their evaluation of their entrepreneurial abilities. The students' grades are in a positive weak correlation with the level of the general self-efficacy, and in a positive, very weak correlation with the level of their entrepreneurial abilities. The level of the general self-efficacy and the level of the entrepreneurial abilities differ relative to the year of study (the second-year female students have the highest scores on both scales, followed by the fourth-year female students, while the third-year female students have the lowest scores on both scales), which indicates the need for further research into factors that contributed to it. We cannot claim with certainty that the implementation of the short-term program for encouraging entrepreneurship, integrated into the academic courses, affected any variable. It is necessary to think further about the models of introducing entrepreneurship education in the initial education of the preschool teachers, as well as about adequate techniques and instruments for researching this issue.
Primary school teachers' observations on basic predictors of initial pupils' literacy: Comparative approach
Authors: Mićić Višnja , Dragić Želimir , Jenjić Slaviša
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the observations of the lower primary school teachers in the Republic of Srpska and the Republic of Serbia, which refer to the basic predictors of successful initial literacy of pupils of the same age in two partially different education systems. The goal of the research is to identify the predictors of the successful initial reading and writing skills that need to be encouraged more during the preparatory preschool program in the Republic of Serbia, i.e., the first grade of primary school in the Republic of Srpska. We grouped the predispositions into two conditional modalities, namely: a) phonological awareness and b) graphomotor preparation of students for initial literacy. A total of 257 teachers from the Republic of Serbia and 253 teachers from the Republic of Srpska participated in the research sample. A survey questionnaire was used in the research. The Alpha Cronbach reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was a=0,89. The answers of the respondents from the Republic of Serbia have an arithmetic mean value of M=30,14, which is lower than the answers of the primary school teachers from the Republic of Srpska, where this value is M=34,64. The fact that this is a statistically significant difference in arithmetic means can be seen in the obtained value of t= -10,48 at the p=0,05 level. The analysis of the obtained results calls for a discussion about the place of the initial literacy in the preschool and primary school curricula in both education systems, considering that in each of the variables a higher value of the answers appears in the respondents from the Republic of Srpska.
"Only questions matter": Philosophy with children from several perspectives
Authors: Janković Miloš , Lipij Ana , Sekulović Milica
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of empirical research that examines the reception of the subject Philosophy with Children in the seventh and eighth grades of primary school. The research was conducted in two primary schools in Serbia. It was preceded by the creation of a Manual the scenarios of which, as a template for philosophical research, were formulated in accordance with a problem-based approach to teaching philosophy. Some of the research results show that the stimuli that most deeply and permanently encourage reflection are not those close to the pupils, those aimed at their own, familiar, day-to-day experience, but the ones that, by using familiar concepts and situations in discussions, lead to an imaginable perspective of a possible experience (from the experience that is real, one's own or other person's, to the most abstract, normative experience). The skill of organising a philosophy class for children is closely related to the selection of representative stimuli that would enable the formulation of general questions in simpler terms and an articulate discussion of possible answers. Philosophy with children, as a philosophical reflection, should follow, as much as possible, a "dialectical" form, so that the initial question must be general enough to allow the formulation of the criteria for answers, as well as their analysis, revision, and modification. From the introduction of this school subject to its proper use within the framework of institutionalised practice, a lot of time still needs to pass and a lot of work has to be done - above all, teaching and organizational work - for Philosophy with Children to be accepted as a teaching "subject", and even more so for the goals it advocates to be achieved.
Perspectives of gamification in teaching from the aspect of cybernetic-information theory
Authors: Tasić Nemanja , Kovačević Miodrag
Published: July 2024

Gamification has become an increasingly popular approach to improve student engagement and motivation in the classroom. Gamification implies a way of introducing activities that contribute to the development of logic and lead to a greater degree of fun for students during classes. Cybernetic-information theory, which emphasizes feedback, adaptation, and communication in complex systems, provides a framework for understanding the potential benefits and challenges of gamification in education. The aim of the paper is to show that gamification, when designed appropriately, can be a useful tool for increasing student engagement and motivation, and that it is in line with the principles of cybernetic-information theory. The results of the paper indicate that students not only learn in a fun environment, but are able to improve their creativity and problem solving while learning subconsciously. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of gamification in teaching and to identify best practices for designing gamified learning activities.
Playing therapy for children with disorders from the autistic spectrum
Authors: Balog Erika
Published: July 2024

Playing is a physical or mental activity that improves a child's skills of negotiation, problem solving, manual dexterity, sharing, decision making, and group work. Playing affects all parts, structures and functions of the brain. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have limitations in adaptive behavior, adaptive response, and social interaction. The aim of this work is to investigate how different applications of playing therapy can help children with autism spectrum disorder. Ability to play is usually significantly impaired in these children. The main hypothesis of this research is that play-based therapy can contribute to the improvement of social skills, communication and the ability to overcome challenges in children on the autistic spectrum. In this research, a descriptive method of literature analysis was used, whereby available research and literature on the topic of play as a therapeutic approach for children with PAS were reviewed and analyzed. Study results have shown that play-based therapy can help children with autism spectrum disorder develop social, communication and coping skills. Also, play-based therapy can help children with learning new concepts and improve their problem-solving skills. Parents and other responsible participants should consider adopting this approach because of its many benefits, including helping children on the autism spectrum develop social, communication, and coping skills that are critical to their survival.
The overdependence of African courts and businesses on English law and forum: the negative repercussions on the development of African legal and economic systems
Authors: Iheme Williams
Published: July 2024

The uncritical transplantation of English law by Anglophone-African legislators and judges, and their failure to sufficiently adapt English legal concepts to suit the idiosyncratic socioeconomic conditions in Africa, arguably contribute to the perpetuation of English law's hegemony therein. It is argued that the overdependence on English law and courts by African businesses in resolving contractual disputes is not necessarily due to any alleged stellar qualities of the former, but largely due to the over-marketing of the English legal system's competence by its apologists. The analysis uses piquant examples to elicit some adverse effects of using/overreliance on the English law and forum by African businesses in resolving contractual disputes. To reposition from the lengthened shadow of English law, Anglophone African legislators, judges and legal scholars, must craft autochthonous legal processes that suit Africa's tastes and socioeconomic milieu.
Feminist critique of the dominant political-philosophical conceptions of justice
Authors: Vujadinović Dragica
Published: July 2024

The aim of this article is to explore prevalent absence of conceptions of gender justice within mainstream political theories and to point out the crucial importance of gender justice for theories of justice and for practicing justice. The first part explains Aristotle's theory of justice and offers the feminist critique. Plato's theory of justice explained in Republic, with ideas about philosopher queens, is examined in the second part. The third part discusses premodern and some contemporary theories of justice that preserve patriarchal patterns of devaluating women within a private-public dichotomy, while the fourth part presents the mainstream and feminist theories of justice that overcome a dominant pattern and affirm gender justice in a converging manner. The concluding remarks sum up the crucial role of gender justice for benchmarking further philosophizing on justice.
Departments and treatment groups at penitentiary facilities in Serbia and evaluation of prison life quality
Authors: Ilijić Ljeposava , Stevanović Ivana , Vujičić Nikola
Published: July 2024

The paper addresses the issues pertinent to the relationship between the prison social climate and departments as well as treatment groups at penitentiary facilities (MQPL survey). The focal objective of this paper is to investigate potential differences in how the prison life quality is perceived by persons who reside in different departments and treatment groups. A sample of 616 convicted adult persons was used for this research, which was conducted in 2022. The respondents were serving a prison sentence at penitentiary facilities in Niš, Sremska Mitrovica, Požarevac-Zabela, Belgrade, and the Penitentiary facility for Women in Požarevac. Analysis of variance and descriptive statistics were used. There is a clear pattern in the results of the analysis, namely that person in semi-opened departments rate the quality of prison life significantly better than persons in closed departments. The authors link the obtained results with prison deprivation, risk assessment, and opportunities for improving the prison social climate.
Environmental impact assessment of rapeseed production using the LCA method: Part one: Life cycle inventory analysis
Authors: Kiš Ferenc , Vasin Jovica , Milovac Željko , Zeremski Tijana , Milić Stanko , Savić Jasna
Published: July 2024

This is the first part of an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) study of oilseed rape cultivated under conditions prevalent in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia. The paper presents the initial two phases of the LCA: goal and scope definition, as well as the life cycle inventory (LCI). The assessment exclusively focuses on the rapeseed oil production chain, which includes the transportation of oilseeds to regional silos as its final stage. The assessment of production inputs, including quantities of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, and diesel fuel needed to achieve an assumed yield of 3000 kg ha-1, relies on recommendations from relevant agricultural advisory institutions. Emissions of pollutants into the environment, considered as outputs, are calculated using methodologies that account for locally specific conditions and production practices. Collected or estimated input and output data are entered into the OpenLCA software, which, in conjunction with the ecoinvent 3.7 database, computes the results of the LCI analysis. The LCI result contains data on hundreds of different pollutants emitted into the environment during the processes that make up the oilseed rape production chain, as well as a detailed inventory of consumed or used natural resources. However, LCI results only provide data on the quantities of different exchanges with the environment, not their potential impacts. Thus, they are not suitable for concluding the overall impact of oilseed rape production on the environment. Consequently, the analysis requires supplementation through the third LCA phase: the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). This phase provides further explanations and interpretations of the significance of inventory results from an environmental protection perspective.
Influence of location on quality parameters of pepper seeds
Authors: Živković Ivana , Poštić Dobrivoj , Pavlović Nenad , Tabaković Marijenka , Đorđević Mladen , Cvikić Dejan , Perić Vesna
Published: July 2024

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) as a commercial species is cultivated worldwide. The quality of the seed, including seed health, is an important prerequisite for obtaining a healthy and highquality crop and ensuring high fruit yields. Seed testing of two pepper genotypes from two locations (Kula and Smederevska Palanka) was performed using standard methods for assessing seed quality and health, based on germination parameters, moisture and seed health for the seed produced in the season 2022. Germination energy was 75% and 85% for Strizanka and Zupska Rana, in Smederevska Palanka, respectively, while in Kula, germination energy was statistically significantly lower and ranged from 65% in Strizanka to 55% in Zupska Rana (p<0.05). Total germination for Strizanka and Zupska rana was 88% and 90% in Smederevska Palanka, while in Kula total germination reached 80% and 70%. The moisture content was 11.5% and 11% for Strizanka and Zupska Rana, respectively (p>0.05) in Smederevska Palanka. The moisture content was 12.5% and 9.5% for Strizanka and Zupska Rana in Kula, respectively. Seed health was tested on the basis of the presence of phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. The percentage of infection with Alternaria spp. was 1% for both Župska Rana and Strižanka in Smederevska Palanka (p>0.05), while in Kula amounted to 5% and 3%, respectively (p<0.05) and they were statistically significant (p<0.05). The infection with Fusarium spp. was 5.4% for Zupska Rana and 2.6% for Strižanka in Kula. The obtained data on seed quality parameters indicate a statistically significant difference between Smederevska Palanka and Kula. Future research will be related to soil analysis and total yield per plot at the locations of Smederevska Palanka and Kula.
Experimental pepper hybrids and their morphological characteristics
Authors: Cvikić Dejan , Perišić Vladimir , Bajagić Marija , Živković Ivana , Stojiljković Jelena , Tupajić Ivan , Šević Biljana
Published: July 2024

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), as one of the most important vegetable crops, requires continuous work on the selection of new varieties and hybrids with greater genetic potential for fertility, and the introduction of new cultivation technologies, all to satisfy human needs. In the first year of research, after crossing two parental components based on sterile lines, hybrid seeds of experimental hybrids were produced. A comparative experiment was set up in the greenhouse of the Institute for Vegetable Crops Smederevska Palanka in 2023 to create new pepper hybrids, which are characterized by fruits for different purposes. Of the seven experimental hybrid combinations, one is selected (LPK027 x HM6) for its potential morphological features (fruit weight and number of fruits per plant) as the main components of yield and high content of dry matter and was reported to the Commission for the Recognition of New Varieties in 2024 under the name Katja F1.
Third level basic running training tools for classic mountain running in a model of preparation for "Up and downhill" variant: Macrostructural distribution
Authors: Kisyov Kostadin , Slavchev Apostol , Slavchev Ivan , Simeonov Aleksandar , Nedelkovski Vlatko , Zafirovska Andrijana
Published: July 2024

The article represents the distribution of the basic running training tools from the third level in the annual cycle of highly qualified racers in a preparation focused on classical mountain running in the variant "Up and Downhill". The research aims to define a principal annual model of distribution of the volume of the basic running training tools from the third level by weeks in a preparation for variation of racing "uphill and downhill" in classic mountain running. The following methods were used: a) research of the weekly volume of the training tools within the framework of the separate mezzo-cycles in the macrostructure and b) variation analysis of the data received from the training tools explored. The results received show, that the biggest portion of the training workout is related to the development of the sub-factor from the third level "basic endurance". Running tools for "basic endurance" take 71% of the total annual volume. It appears to be the fundament, based on which the whole structure of the training is built. Running training means for the development of the "speed" sub-factor are two to three times greater in volume in the preparation period and during the early race stage compared to the main and late race stages and the transition period. The ratio of "base endurance" to "speed" run volume is about 32:1.
Elements of provincial autonomy: The right to regulate authorities, finance, acts and protection
Authors: Orlović Slobodan
Published: July 2024

The paper critically analyzes some of the elements of provincial autonomy contained in the Constitution of Serbia. Creating the autonomy, some of those segments of autonomy are an expression of the pure self-government of the autonomous province (original affairs), while others segments represent rights that are confirmed and regulated by state's law, and we cannot name them as original. The right to self-regulation of authorities and the right to protection of province, as elements of autonomy, belong to the first group, while provincial finances and acts (regulations) must be regulated in accordance with the law.
Minimum and fixed resale prices in vertical agreements in competition law of the European Union
Authors: Fišer-Šobot Sandra
Published: July 2024

Resale price maintenance represents a special type of vertical restraint in a vertical agreement, in which an upstream undertaking defines, controls or restricts the price at which a downstream undertaking can resell its product. According to the Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/720 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices the exemption shall not apply to vertical agreements which, directly or indirectly, in isolation or in combination with other factors under the control of the parties, have as their object the restriction of the buyer's ability to determine its sale price, without prejudice to the possibility of the supplier to impose a maximum sale price or recommend a sale price, provided that they do not amount to a fixed or minimum sale price as a result of pressure from, or incentives offered by, any of the parties. Minimum or fixed resale price maintenance represents a hardcore restriction and as such removes the benefit of the block exemption provided for in Art. 2 of the Regulation 2022/720. The paper deals with the legal regulation of restrictive vertical agreements in which a fixed or minimum resale price is determined in the competition law of the European Union, as well as the methods for such resale price maintenance. The problem will be considered through the analysis of relevant sources of law, practice of the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union and doctrinal views.
A dispute about gender-sensitive language in Serbian law
Authors: Ćorić Dragana
Published: July 2024

Gender-sensitive language is considered as one of products of the heroic struggle of women to be recognized and respected in modern world, for all what they are and for all what they could be and could achieve. This means that women are not escaping from their natural, biological roles -especially mother's role and other cherishing, nurturing and gentle emotions they have and use in raising the children and keeping the family on the same spot. This means that it should make men to find them, on linguistical and more over on other levels, equally capable of doing all sorts of jobs they are doing themselves. The newly changed national legal framework makes use of gender sensitive language as obligation since May 2024. All governmental bodies, on any territorial level, journalists, children and teachers at schools etc. will be obligated to use those gender sensitive terms , especially when they are used to mark woman in special profession(for example, in judiciary, in area of national security and defense, etc.) or else will be fined. In this paper the author will deal shortly with both argumentations-pro and contra of using gender sensitive language, and also to present own opinionwhich is in the middle. Also, it will be presented one of the disputes in area of protection of human rights. The dispute is about whether all protectors of citizens' rights should be called-ombudsman, as the original name of this institution is, or ombudswoman, when marking the woman who serves on this position, or ombudsperson-as gender neutral, or else.
Substantive and procedural aspects of disinheritance under the Slovak law
Authors: Löwy Alexandra , Rakova Karin
Published: July 2024

The subject of this paper is to provide with the analysis of the substantial and procedural aspects of disinheritance under the Slovak law, based on the revision of the Slovak Civil Code and certain selected court decisions. The paper also analyses the procedural aspects of disinheritance disputes, which mostly results in the proceedings before the court and emphasises the different approach of the courts in assessing the various grounds for extradition.
Performance evaluation of dewatering systems for bio-digestate for developing countries
Authors: Jha Ajay Kumar , Jojiju Sujan , Darlami Hari , Basnet Bijay
Published: July 2024

The performance evaluation of a screw type dewatering system for bio-digestate in Nepal demonstrates significant potential for improving the usability and efficiency of bio-digestate as a fertilizer. Remarkable modifications in the previous include a 5 HP motor running at 1440 RPM with a gear reduction ratio of 1:40, a spring assembly system at the outlet, and a fine sieve. Testing and performance analysis at different operating speeds using a variable frequency drive revealed an optimal performance at 8 RPM, where the system achieved a liquid yield of 92.02% and an extraction efficiency of 73.12%. The installation cost of the machine was NPR 384,000, with a payback period of 2 years, six months, and two days. The internal rate of return (IRR) was calculated at 28.53%, while the net present value (NPV) was NPR 179,006.35. This study indicates that operating the dewatering system at lower speeds may improve efficiency and effectiveness in the dewatering process. This makes the machine a viable option for producing organic fertilizer and addressing Nepal’s significant need for fertilizer.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Yoo Byung Won
Published: July 2024

Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis and leads to a hypercoagulable
state caused by marked elevation of the platelet count, platelet activation, and
endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic therapy
using intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin is recommended as an initial
treatment, although the debate on the efficacy and dosage of aspirin is still
ongoing. Antithrombotic therapy is crucial in patients with coronary aneurysms
because thrombosis is promoted in the acute and chronic phase of the disease and
coronary thrombosis leads to fatal results. All the platelets, vascular
endothelium, and clotting factors are involved in thrombosis in coronary
aneurysms, thus combination therapy of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents is
essential. Generally, patients with giant aneurysms are recommended a
combination of low-dose aspirin and warfarin regardless of coronary artery
stenosis. In patients with an extraordinarily high risk of thrombosis, who have
rapidly expanding coronary aneurysms or a recent history of coronary artery
thrombosis, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) instead of warfarin or triple
therapy consisting of low-dose aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin can be
considered. New drugs such as direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and abciximab
are introduced in patients with Kawasaki disease, but further evidence on these
patients is needed.
TINDAK TUTUR EKSPRESIF GURU DAN PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI TK IT AL-BIRUNI MANDIRI JIPANG DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Alam Fathiyah Nurfarrihah , Mayong  , Azis
Published: July 2024

This study aims to describe the forms of expressive speech acts of teachers and students as well as describe the strategies of teacher speech acts towards students in the learning process at Al-Biruni Mandiri Jipang IT Kindergarten in Makassar City. Type of descriptive qualitative research. Data in the form of written data from voice recordings. The data source is teacher and student speech. Data collection techniques use listening, documentation and note-taking The results of the research revealed that there were 11 expressive speech acts by teachers and 1 expressive speech act by students and 6 strategies were found by teachers in the learning process.