bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A deep‐learning workflow to predict upper tract urothelial carcinoma protein‐based subtypes from H&E slides supporting the prioritization of patients for molecular testing
Authors: Angeloni Miriam , van Doeveren Thomas , Lindner Sebastian , Volland Patrick , Schmelmer Jorina , Foersch Sebastian , Matek Christian , Stoehr Robert , Geppert Carol I , Heers Hendrik , Wach Sven , Taubert Helge , Sikic Danijel , Wullich Bernd , van Leenders Geert JLH , Zaburdaev Vasily , Eckstein Markus , Hartmann Arndt , Boormans Joost L , Ferrazzi Fulvia , Bahlinger Veronika
Published: March 2024

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare and aggressive, yet understudied, urothelial carcinoma (UC). The more frequent UC of the bladder comprises several molecular subtypes, associated with different targeted therapies and overlapping with protein‐based subtypes. However, if and how these findings extend to UTUC remains unclear. Artificial intelligence‐based approaches could help elucidate UTUC's biology and extend access to targeted treatments to a wider patient audience. Here, UTUC protein‐based subtypes were identified, and a deep‐learning (DL) workflow was developed to predict them directly from routine histopathological H&E slides. Protein‐based subtypes in a retrospective cohort of 163 invasive tumors were assigned by hierarchical clustering of the immunohistochemical expression of three luminal (FOXA1, GATA3, and CK20) and three basal (CD44, CK5, and CK14) markers. Cluster analysis identified distinctive luminal (N = 80) and basal (N = 42) subtypes. The luminal subtype mostly included pushing, papillary tumors, whereas the basal subtype diffusely infiltrating, non‐papillary tumors. DL model building relied on a transfer‐learning approach by fine‐tuning a pre‐trained ResNet50. Classification performance was measured via three‐fold repeated cross‐validation. A mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.67–0.99), 0.8 (95% CI: 0.62–0.99), and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.65–0.96) was reached in the three repetitions. High‐confidence DL‐based predicted subtypes showed significant associations (p < 0.001) with morphological features, i.e. tumor type, histological subtypes, and infiltration type. Furthermore, a significant association was found with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) combined positive score (p < 0.001) and FGFR3 mutational status (p = 0.002), with high‐confidence basal predictions containing a higher proportion of PD‐L1 positive samples and high‐confidence luminal predictions a higher proportion of FGFR3‐mutated samples. Testing of the DL model on an independent cohort highlighted the importance to accommodate histological subtypes. Taken together, our DL workflow can predict protein‐based UTUC subtypes, associated with the presence of targetable alterations, directly from H&E slides.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Based Polymer‐Ammonium Intermediates Induced Buried Interface Engineering for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Xin , Luo Ruixi , Yu Chen , Xu Xiuwen , Zhu Weixu , Min Yonggang , Cai Ning
Published: March 2024

Perovskite interfaces where defects enrich are pivotal for both device efficiency and stability. Herein, a high‐molecular‐weight polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is proposed as a robust multi‐functional interlayer to engineer the buried interface. Besides the well‐known defect passivation, perovskite crystallization is intriguingly modulated via the formation of hydrogen‐bond‐based polymer‐ammonium intermediates (e.g., PVP‐FA+ or PVP‐MA+, where MA and FA are methylamine and formamidine, respectively). The interaction energies derived from density functional theory calculations (−34.5, −26.8, and −9.9 kcal mol−1 for PVP‐FA+, PVP‐MA+, and PVP‐Pb2+) suggest that PVP predominately interacts with ammonium cations to form the intermediates, thus largely excluding other chemical interactions and retarding the perovskite crystallization. As such, the hydrophilic PVP interlayer leads to spontaneous perovskite spreading yet a counterintuitively similar nucleation density with respect to the hydrophobic poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), a change of preferred crystal orientation, improved crystallinity, and remarkably suppressed non‐radiative recombination. These conducive effects jointly minimize the open‐circuit voltage loss and give rise to superior power conversion efficiency for small‐area and large‐area devices.
Cerium Dioxide as an Electron Buffer to Stabilize Iridium for Efficient Water Electrolysis
Authors: Dong Zhaoqi , Zhou Chenhui , Chen Weibin , Lin Fangxu , Luo Heng , Sun Zongqiang , Huang Qizheng , Zeng Ruijin , Tan Yingjun , Xiao Zehao , Huang Hengshuo , Wang Kai , Luo Mingchuan , Lv Fan , Guo Shaojun
Published: March 2024

Sustaining the steady state for highly active non‐stoichiometric iridium (Ir)‐based oxide (IrOx) at low Ir loading remains challenging primarily due to the continuous oxidation and sequent dissolution of Ir active sites during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this context, a new iridium–cerium (Ce) substitution solid solution oxide (SSO) has been developed, featuring uniformly dispersed Ir atoms within Ce dioxide (CeO2) matrix as electron buffer, which delivers remarkable acidic OER catalytic activity and enhanced stability. The electron‐buffering capacity of CeO2 facilitates the charge transfer toward Ir atoms, leading to abundant active low‐valence Ir sites and effectively prevent their oxidation and dissolution. As a result, Ir─Ce SSO demonstrates an overpotential of merely 238 mV@10 mA cm−2. Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer employing Ir─Ce SSO at a low Ir loading of 396 µgIr cm−2 operates consistently for over 100 h@500 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate that the electron‐buffering effect of CeO2 enriches the density of IrIII and substantially increases the dissolution energy barrier of Ir atoms. This study presents a viable approach to addressing the issues of instability and low efficiency in Ir‐based OER electrocatalysts for acidic water electrolysis.
Noncentrosymmetric Triangular Magnet CaMnTeO6: Strong Quantum Fluctuations and Role of s0 versus s2 Electronic States in Competing Exchange Interactions
Authors: Huai Xudong , Acheampong Emmanuel , Delles Erich , Winiarski Michał J. , Sorolla Maurice , Nassar Lila , Liang Mingli , Ramette Caleb , Ji Huiwen , Scheie Allen , Calder Stuart , Mourigal Martin , Tran Thao T.
Published: March 2024

Noncentrosymmetric triangular magnets offer a unique platform for realizing strong quantum fluctuations. However, designing these quantum materials remains an open challenge attributable to a knowledge gap in the tunability of competing exchange interactions at the atomic level. Here, a new noncentrosymmetric triangular S = 3/2 magnet CaMnTeO6 is created based on careful chemical and physical considerations. The model material displays competing magnetic interactions and features nonlinear optical responses with the capability of generating coherent photons. The incommensurate magnetic ground state of CaMnTeO6 with an unusually large spin rotation angle of 127°(1) indicates that the anisotropic interlayer exchange is strong and competing with the isotropic interlayer Heisenberg interaction. The moment of 1.39(1) µB, extracted from low‐temperature heat capacity and neutron diffraction measurements, is only 46% of the expected value of the static moment 3 µB. This reduction indicates the presence of strong quantum fluctuations in the half‐integer spin S = 3/2 CaMnTeO6 magnet, which is rare. By comparing the spin‐polarized band structure, chemical bonding, and physical properties of AMnTeO6 (A = Ca, Sr, Pb), how quantum‐chemical interpretation can illuminate insights into the fundamentals of magnetic exchange interactions, providing a powerful tool for modulating spin dynamics with atomically precise control is demonstrated.
Zinc Imidazole Framework‐8 Nanoparticles Disperse MRSA Biofilm by Inhibiting Arginine Biosynthesis and Down‐Regulating Adhesion‐Related Proteins
Authors: Tian Xinyuan , Liu Bo , Wu Haiyan , Cai Runqiu , Yang Yifei , Zhou Chaoyu , Zhao Zhongling , Bai Qianyu , Wang Yeru , Liu Tianlong
Published: March 2024

Nanomaterials, including ZIF‐8 nanoparticles (NPs), are shown to be effective antimicrobial agents against Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). However, the antibiofilm properties and mechanisms of ZIF‐8 NPs remain uncertain. In this study, ZIF‐8 NPs are prepared using the room temperature solution reaction method and characterized. Biofilm formation inhibition test and biofilm eradication test are performed and the results show that ZIF‐8 NPs can inhibit the formation of MRSA biofilm as well as disperse established MRSA biofilm. Proteomics and real‐time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are conducted to prove that ZIF‐8 NPs reduce the expression of adhesion‐related proteins, namely the fibronectin‐binding proteins A and B (fnbA/fnbB), fibrinogen binding protein caking factors A and B (clfA/clfB), elastin binding protein (ebps), and fibrin binding protein (eno). ZIF‐8 NPs also inhibit the arginine biosynthesis pathway by affecting the activities of argininosuccinate lyase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, Glutamate dehydrogenase, carbamate kinase, and arginine deiminase. A conclusion can be drawn from the above results that ZIF‐8 NPs can inhibit bacterial adhesion and kill bacteria directly, ultimately destroying MRSA biofilm. This study provides a molecular basis for the treatment of MRSA biofilm with ZIF‐8 NPs.
Suicidal ideation, perception of personal safety, and career regret among emergency medicine residents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Akhavan Arvin R. , Zhan Tiannan , Lall Michelle D. , Barton Melissa A. , Reisdorff Earl J. , Hu Yue‐Yung , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Lu Dave W.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The COVID‐19 pandemic was disruptive for trainees and may have affected career decisions for some learners. This study examined the impact of the pandemic on emergency medicine (EM) resident perceptions of their mental health, perceptions of personal safety, and career choice regret.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional survey study administered following the 2021 American Board of Emergency Medicine In‐Training Examination (ITE). Survey measures included suicidal ideation (SI), COVID concerns in terms of infection prevention and control (IPC) training, COVID risk to self and/or COVID risk to family, and COVID‐related career regret. COVID concerns were compared by gender and race/ethnicity using Pearson's chi‐square tests. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association between SI and COVID concerns, resident characteristics, and program characteristics.

Results

A total of 6980 out of 8491 EM residents (82.2%) from 244 programs completed the survey. Only 1.1% of participants reported insufficient training in COVID IPC practices. Participants were concerned about COVID risk to themselves (40.3%) and to their families (63.3%) due to their job roles. These concerns were more common among women or nonbinary (vs. men); all other races/ethnicities (vs. non‐Hispanic Whites); senior residents (vs. PGY‐1, PGY‐2 residents); and residents who were married or in relationships (vs. single or divorced). A total of 6.1% of participants reported that COVID made them reconsider choosing EM as their career. Career regret in this cohort was higher than that in the proportion (3.2%) expressing career regret in the 2020 ITE (p < 0.001). Career regret was more common among women or nonbinary (vs. men); all other races/ethnicities (vs. non‐Hispanic Whites); and senior residents (vs. PGY‐1, PGY‐2 residents). The overall SI rate was 2.6%, which did not differ from that of the 2020 sample of EM residents (2.5%, p = 0.88).

Conclusions

Many EM residents reported concerns about COVID risks to themselves and their families. Although the rate of SI remained unchanged, more EM residents reported career regret during the COVID pandemic.
A novel online training program for sexual and gender minority health increases allyship in cisgender, heterosexual paramedics
Authors: Kruse Michael I. , Bigham Blair L. , Phillips Susan P.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) make up 4% of the Canadian population. Due to existing barriers to care in the community, SGM patients may seek more help and be sicker at presentation to hospital. Paramedics occupy a unique role and can remove or decrease these barriers. There are no existing evaluations of training programs in SGM health for prehospital providers. A training program to develop better allyship in paramedics toward SGM populations was developed and assessed.

Methods

A 70‐ to 90‐min mandatory, asynchronous, online training module in SGM health in the prehospital environment was developed and delivered via the emergency medical service (EMS) system's learning management system. A before‐and‐after study of cisgender, heterosexual, frontline paramedics was performed to measure the impact of the training module on the care of SGM patients. The validated Ally Identity Measure (AIM) tool was used to identify success of training and includes subscales of knowledge and skills, openness and support, and oppression awareness. Demographics and satisfaction scores were collected in the posttraining survey. Matched and unmatched pairs of surveys and demographic associations were analyzed using nonparametric statistics.

Results

Of 609 paramedics, 571 completed the training, and 239 surveys were completed before and 105 (n = 344) surveys after the training; 60 surveys were paired. Overall AIM scores of matched pairs (n = 60) improved by 12% (p < 0.001), with knowledge and skills accounting for most of the increase (21%, p < 0.001). Unmatched pairs (n = 344) were similar in demographics and scores. Rural paramedics also had significantly lower pretraining oppression awareness scores and had lower posttraining AIM scores compared to suburban paramedics (6% difference). Satisfaction scores rated the training as relevant and applicable (87% and 82%, respectively).

Conclusions

A novel prehospital training program in the care of SGM patients resulted in a statistically significant increase in allyship in cisgender, heterosexual‐identified frontline paramedics.
Perspectives on the ongoing impact of compulsory income management in the Northern Territory
Authors: Roche Steven , Taylor‐Zach Natalie , Taylor Robert , Mendes Philip
Published: March 2024

Since 2007, income support recipients in the Northern Territory (NT) have been subjected to compulsory income management (CIM), a form of welfare conditionality which continues, despite the withdrawal of CIM from other locations in Australia and research that identifies negligible benefits. Implemented with the goal of improving social well‐being and health outcomes, CIM quarantines a proportion of income support payments which cannot be used to purchase alcohol, gambling, pornography and in some cases tobacco, to direct payments to priority needs of recipients and encourage socially responsible behaviour. This article presents the perspectives of welfare sector stakeholders in the NT on the ongoing impact of CIM on income support recipients and their communities. It draws on semi‐structured interviews with 26 participants with expertise across non‐government service delivery, government, legal and advocacy sectors. The findings detail that CIM is considered ineffective in reducing social harms such as substance misuse, can contribute to situations of family violence, and exacerbates challenges for recipients living in regional and remote areas. It also highlights the poor compatibility of community income management in regional and remote contexts, its top‐down design, and views that CIM is a form of social control and disempowerment.
The complementary impacts of nurse home visiting and quality childcare for children experiencing adversity
Authors: Nguyen Huu Nghia Joey , Mensah Fiona , Goldfeld Sharon , Mainzer Rheanna , Price Anna
Published: March 2024

Australian Governments are increasingly understanding the impacts of early adversity, evidenced by ongoing policy and investment in two of the most widely implemented early interventions: nurse home visiting (NHV) and early childhood education and care (ECEC). Neither intervention fully redresses the developmental inequities engendered by early adversity, yet their synergistic impacts (“dynamic complementarity”) are unknown. In this research, we aimed to (1) inform evaluation of policy implementation by (2) experimentally testing the dynamic complementarity of NHV and ECEC. We capitalised on an opportunity afforded by the Australian “right@home” randomised trial, which involved 722 pregnant women experiencing adversity, randomised to receive NHV or usual care to child age 2 years. Detailed data describing family‐accessed ECEC were collected from parents at 3–4 years, and “quality ECEC” was categorised according to meeting quality recommendations defined by Australian policy and provision. Children's developmental outcomes (language, executive functioning, behaviour and well‐being) were parent‐reported or assessed directly at 4 years. At 4 years, 33 per cent of families had received neither intervention; 40 per cent NHV only; 14 per cent quality ECEC only; and 13 per cent had received both. We used linear regression to estimate differences in mean outcomes between exposure groups, including interaction between NHV and ECEC. Unadjusted analyses indicated modest effects of the combination of NHV and ECEC, which attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic confounders. We present the design and preliminary findings as an approach that could be used to evaluate equitable implementation at scale and enable policymakers to determine the most effective evidence‐based policy.
Hypoxia in the pulmonary vein increases pulmonary vascular resistance independently of oxygen in the pulmonary artery
Authors: Magnusdottir Sigridur Olga , Simonsen Carsten , Karbing Dan Stieper , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Kjaergaard Benedict
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) can be a challenging clinical problem. It is not fully elucidated where in the circulation the regulation of resistance takes place. It is often referred to as if it is in the arteries, but we hypothesized that it is in the venous side of the pulmonary circulation.

Methods

In an open thorax model, pigs were treated with a veno‐venous extra corporeal membrane oxygenator to either oxygenate or deoxygenate blood passing through the pulmonary vessels. At the same time the lungs were ventilated with extreme variations of inspired air from 5% to 100% oxygen, making it possible to make combinations of high and low oxygen content through the pulmonary circulation. A flow probe was inserted around the main pulmonary artery and catheters in the pulmonary artery and in the left atrium were used for pressure monitoring and blood tests. Under different combinations of oxygenation, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was calculated.

Results

With unchanged level of oxygen in the pulmonary artery and reduced inspired oxygen fraction lowering oxygen tension from 29 to 6.7 kPa in the pulmonary vein, PVR was doubled. With more extreme hypoxia PVR suddenly decreased. Combinations with low oxygenation in the pulmonary artery did not systematic influence PVR if there was enough oxygen in the inspired air and in the pulmonary veins.

Discussion

The impact of hypoxia occurs from the alveolar level and forward with the blood flow. The experiments indicated that the regulation of PVR is mediated from the venous side.
Effect of angular variation and in vitro degradation on mechanical properties of PBAT 3D scaffolds
Authors: de Barros Rodrigo Rodrigues , de Souza Balbinot Gabriela , Vassoler Jakson Manfredini , Soares Rosane Michele Duarte
Published: March 2024

The customization of polymeric prototypes is available to meet the specific needs of individual patients, considering tissue location and patient‐specific characteristics. Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) has shown great promise among various polymers in this scenario due to its biodegradability and processability properties. However, the effect of geometry changes on the mechanical properties of PBAT 3D scaffolds and their mechanical stability after in vitro degradation are crucial to determining the final application. This study focuses on the structural, morphological, and mechanical characterization of PBAT prototypes with different architectures and evaluating their mechanical properties before and after in vitro degradation. Three‐dimensional structures were 3D printed with rectilinear deposition angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. Mechanical tests revealed that the prototype architecture influenced the stiffness, elongation, and maximum tension, where a greater resistance was observed for filaments containing the lowest angles. The thermal stability of PBAT remained unaffected either by reprocessing or hydrolytic degradation; however, in vitro degradation affected the mechanical behavior by increasing the stiffness and decreasing the elongation of the scaffold. Biological assays have demonstrated the nontoxic nature of PBAT and its potential to promote cell viability at a rate of 95%. These findings underscore the possibility of optimizing the PBAT design and structure to tune the mechanical properties and contribute to advancing tissue engineering strategies.
Spectrum–effect relationship between ultra‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprints and melanogenic effect of Vernonia anthelmintica effective part
Authors: Ma Xiaoling , Turak Ablajan , Abdulla Rahima , Maiwulanjiang Maitinuer , Ma Qingling , Wu Tao , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: March 2024

The fingerprint of Vernonia anthelmintica effective part (VAEP) from 15 different producing areas was established, followed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The relationship between the fingerprint and the melanogenesis‐promoting activity of VAEP was then analyzed using the grey correlation degree and the orthogonal partial least square method. The characteristic peaks reflecting the pharmacodynamic effect of VAEP were identified as vernodalin, 3,5‐O‐dicaffeoyl quinic acid (3,5‐diCQA), and butin. Based on the distribution characteristics of these components in plants from different habitats and the verification of results from the spectrum–effect relationship, vernodalin and 3,5‐diCQA can be used as characteristic components for quality control and pharmacodynamic assessment of V. anthelmintica products. This research establishes a theoretical foundation for planting areas and provides a scientific evaluation of the melanogenesis‐promoting effect of V. anthelmintica.
Tandem Electrochemical Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Amines Towards Carbazoles and Phenazine‐based Aza‐helicenes
Authors: Yan Boning , Lei Ming , Tang Zefeng , Liao Hengyi , Xu Kang
Published: March 2024

Experimental and theoretical study of the regioselectivity and mechanism of polycyclic aromatic amine (PAA) electrochemical oxidation is important for designing nitrogen doped large π‐conjugated functional molecules. Herein, we used binary‐, ternary‐, and quaternary‐fused PAAs as electro‐oxidative reaction substrates to investigate the yield changes of carbazole and phenazine based aza‐helicene other than oligomers, which were obtained through pyrrole and pyrazine annulation pathways. Combined with the restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) and steric hindrance factor analysis of the substrate, the electron spin density distribution of free radical resonance hybrid and the spin population analysis of the atoms in the structure of each free radical tautomer indicate that the degree of delocalized dispersion of N free radical and the resulting change in the spin density distribution of C free radical tautomers determine the reaction regioselectivity. The potential charge of the K‐region, Bay‐region, and L‐region adjacent to the C(α)−C(β1) bond is higher than that of other regions within the molecule, and the charge in these high RESP regions tends to delocalize more strongly toward electron‐deficient N free radicals. Thus, the activity of N−C(α)−C(β1) region is increased, which supports the proposed free radical addition and free radical coupling mechanism for the electro‐oxidative reaction of PAA.
Left atrial appendage occlusion: On the need of a numerical model to simulate the implant procedure
Authors: Danielli Francesca , Berti Francesca , Fanni Benigno Marco , Gasparotti Emanuele , Celi Simona , Pennati Giancarlo , Petrini Lorenza
Published: March 2024

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a percutaneous procedure to prevent thromboembolism in patients affected by atrial fibrillation. Despite its demonstrated efficacy, the LAA morphological complexity hinders the procedure, resulting in postprocedural drawbacks (device‐related thrombus and peri‐device leakage). Local anatomical features may cause difficulties in the device's positioning and affect the effectiveness of the device's implant. The current work proposes a detailed FE model of the LAAO useful to investigate implant scenarios and derive clinical indications. A high‐fidelity model of the Watchman FLX device and simplified parametric conduits mimicking the zone of the LAA where the device is deployed were developed. Device‐conduit interactions were evaluated by looking at clinical indicators such as device‐wall gap, possible cause of leakage, and device protrusion. As expected, the positioning of the crimped device before the deployment was found to significantly affect the implant outcomes: clinician's choices can be improved if FE models are used to optimize the pre‐operative planning. Remarkably, also the wall mechanical stiffness plays an important role. However, this parameter value is unknown for a specific LAA, a crucial point that must be correctly defined for developing an accurate FE model. Finally, numerical simulations outlined how the device's configuration on which the clinician relies to assess the implant success (i.e., the deployed configuration with the device still attached to the catheter) may differ from the actual final device's configuration, relevant for achieving a safe intervention.
Color blindness and semantic knowledge: Cognition of color terms from elicited lists in dichromats and normal observers
Authors: Moreira Humberto , Álvaro Leticia , Lillo Julio
Published: March 2024

Color blindness (color vision deficiency) affects ~8% of males and ~ 0.4% females worldwide. Here we use the elicited lists method to investigate their semantic knowledge regarding “basic color terms” and their relationships. Lists were obtained from color vision deficient and normal observers. 32 dichromats (15 protanopes, 17 deuteranopes) and 32 normal trichromats (17 females, 15 males) diagnosed by a battery of color tests (Ishihara, City University Test, anomaloscope) wrote monolexemic lists of colors. Psychological salience of terms (ln(CSI)), adjacency between pairs of terms (ADJ; MDS) and the presence of clusters of terms defined on the basis of the Universals and evolution hypothesis were analyzed. All four groups of participants showed the same semantic memory structure: lists started with the cardinal primaries cluster (blue, red, yellow, green), followed by the achromatic primaries cluster (black and white), or the derived cluster (brown, orange, violet, pink, purple, and gray). After the clusters (cardinals, achromatics, and derived), a highly variable number of non‐basic terms appeared. This number was higher in normal trichromats. Non‐basic terms were not part of any cognitive cluster. The similarity in the lists of trichromats and dichromats suggest that both may acquire similar semantic knowledge about color terms. Several potential explanations are considered.
Data‐Independent Acquisition and Label‐Free Quantification for Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Makepeace Karl A.T. , Rookyard Alexander W. , Das Lipi , Vardarajan Badri N. , Chakrabarty Jayanta K. , Jain Anu , Kang Min Suk , Werth Emily G. , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Zerlin‐Esteves Marielba , Honig Lawrence S. , Mayeux Richard , Brown Lewis M.
Published: March 2024

This article presents a practical guide to mass spectrometry–based data‐independent acquisition and label‐free quantification for proteomics analysis applied to cerebrospinal fluid, offering a robust and scalable approach to probing the proteomic composition of the central nervous system. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Cerebrospinal fluid sample collection and preparation for mass spectrometry analysis

Basic Protocol 2: Mass spectrometry sample analysis with data‐independent acquisition

Support Protocol: Data‐dependent mass spectrometry and spectral library construction

Basic Protocol 3: Analysis of mass spectrometry data
Monitoring the Morphological Changes of Skeleton‐PtCo Electrocatalyst during PEMFC Start‐Up/Shut‐Down probed by in situ WAXS and SAXS
Authors: Janssen Marek , Drnec Jakub , Martens Isaac , Quinson Jonathan , Pittkowski Rebecca , Park Daesung , Weber Philipp , Arenz Matthias , Oezaslan Mehtap
Published: March 2024

Advanced in situ analyses are indispensable for comprehending the catalyst aging mechanisms of Pt‐based PEM fuel cell cathode materials, particularly during accelerated stress tests (ASTs). In this study, a combination of in situ small‐angle and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS & WAXS) techniques were employed to establish correlations between structural parameters (crystal phase, quantity, and size) of a highly active skeleton‐PtCo (sk‐PtCo) catalyst and their degradation cycles within the potential range of the start‐up/shut‐down (SUSD) conditions. Despite the complex case of the sk‐PtCo catalyst comprising two distinct fcc alloy phases, our complementary techniques enabled in situ monitoring of structural changes in each crystal phase in detail. Remarkably, the in situ WAXS measurements uncover two primary catalyst aging processes, namely the cobalt depletion (regime I) followed by the crystallite growth via Ostwald ripening and/or particle coalescence (regime II). Additionally, in situ SAXS data reveal a continuous size growth over the AST. The Pt‐enriched shell thickening based on the Co depletion within the first 100 SUSD cycles and particle growth induced by additional potential cycles were also collaborated by ex situ STEM‐EELS. Overall, our work shows a comprehensive aging model for the sk‐PtCo catalyst probed by complementary in situ WAXS and SAXS techniques.
A thermal stress loading technique for large‐sized hot dry rock mechanical tests
Authors: Ci Huiling , Bai Bing , Lei Hongwu , Zou Yan , Liu Jianfeng
Published: March 2024

Testing of large‐sized specimens is becoming increasingly important in deep underground rock mechanics and engineering. In traditional mechanical loading, stresses on large‐sized specimens are achieved by large host frames and hydraulic pumps, which could lead to great investment. Low‐cost testing machines clearly always have great appeal. In this study, a new approach is proposed using thermal expansion stress to load rock specimens, which may be particularly suitable for tests of deep hot dry rock with high temperatures. This is a different technical route from traditional mechanical loading through hydraulic pressure. For the rock mechanics test system of hot dry rock that already has an investment in heating systems, this technology may reduce the cost of the loading subsystem by fully utilizing the temperature changes. This paper presents the basic principle and a typical design of this technical solution. Preliminary feasibility analysis is then conducted based on numerical simulations. Although some technical details still need to be resolved, the feasibility of this loading approach has been preliminarily confirmed.
Farm management and landscape context shape plant diversity at wetland edges in the Prairie Pothole Region of Canada
Authors: Kirk David Anthony , Martínez‐Lanfranco Juan Andrés , Forsyth Douglas J. , Martin Amanda E.
Published: March 2024

Evaluating the impacts of farming systems on biodiversity is increasingly important given the need to stem biodiversity loss, decrease fossil fuel dependency, and maintain ecosystem services benefiting farmers. We recorded woody and herbaceous plant species diversity, composition, and abundance in 43 wetland‐adjacent prairie remnants beside crop fields managed using conventional, minimum tillage, organic, or perennial cover (wildlife‐friendly) land management in the Prairie Pothole Region. We used a hierarchical framework to estimate diversity at regional and local scales (gamma, alpha), and how these are related through species turnover (beta diversity). We tested the expectation that gamma richness/evenness and beta diversity of all plants would be higher in remnants adjacent to perennial cover and organic fields than in conventional and minimum tillage fields. We expected the same findings for plants providing ecosystem services (bee‐pollinated species) and disservices (introduced species). We predicted similar relative effects of land management on alpha diversity, but with the expectation that the benefits of organic farming would decrease with increasing grassland in surrounding landscapes. Gamma richness and evenness of all plants were highest for perennial cover, followed by minimum tillage, organic, and conventional sites. Bee‐pollinated species followed a similar pattern for richness, but for evenness organic farming came second, after perennial cover sites, followed by minimum tillage and conventional. For introduced species, organic sites had the highest gamma richness and evenness. Grassland amount moderated the effect of land management type on all plants and bee‐pollinated plant richness, but not as expected. The richness of organic sites increased with the amount of grassland in the surrounding landscape. Conversely, for conventional sites, richness increased as the amount of grassland in the landscape declined. Our results are consistent with the expectation that adopting wildlife‐friendly land management practices can benefit biodiversity at regional and local scales, in particular the use of perennial cover to benefit plant diversity at regional scales. At more local extents, organic farming increased plant richness, but only when sufficient grassland was available in the surrounding landscape; organic farms also had the highest beta diversity for all plants and bee‐pollinated plants. Maintaining native cover in agroecosystems, in addition to low‐intensity farming practices, could sustain plant biodiversity and facilitate important ecosystem services.
Halogen Promoted Desulfurative Cleavage of Cyclopropylmethyl Thioethers and Amination of the Formed Cyclopropylcarbinyl Cations
Authors: Marín‐Díaz Pablo , Martínez‐Núñez Clara , Sanz Roberto , Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel
Published: March 2024

Cyclopropylmethyl sulfides react with N‐fluorosulfonimide (NFSI) or molecular iodine, enabling C−S cleavage to generate cyclopropylcarbinyl cations, which evolve through cyclopropane ring‐opening reactions into homoallyl cations suitable to react with nucleophiles present in the reaction media. This desulfurative cleavage of cyclopropylmethyl thioethers under non‐acidic conditions facilitates homoallylation of N‐based nucleophiles such as alkyl or aryl amines as well as sulfonimides through a one‐pot protocol in one or two steps depending on the nucleophile. The reaction is initiated by a halogen‐sulfur bond that causes C−S bond cleavage. Moreover, the reaction with iodine proceeds through homoallyl iodide intermediates.
A lattice‐based searchable encryption scheme with multi‐user authorization for the certificateless cloud computing environment
Authors: Zhou YiHua , Tang Bin , Yang YuGuang
Published: March 2024

Public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) is able to enhance cloud data security. On the other hand, the existence of malicious cloud servers and untrusted central authorities, in addition the keyword space faces a low entropy, attackers often launch keyword guessing attacks (KGA), thereby leaking data privacy. Therefore, we use certificateless authentication and proxy re‐encryption technology to construct a lattice‐based verifiable PEKS scheme for Multi‐Data Users (MDU). Certificateless authentication can ensure that our scheme does not require key escrow, and proxy re‐encryption technology allows us to perform multi‐user authorization and use the verification block for data users to ensure the integrity of search results. Security research proves that, under the assumption that the learning with errors (LWE) problem is hard, the ciphertext is indistinguishable and resistant to KGA. Results from experiments show that our scheme is significantly more effective than current schemes.
Clinical landscape of citrin deficiency: A global perspective on a multifaceted condition
Authors: Kido Jun , Makris Georgios , Santra Saikat , Häberle Johannes
Published: March 2024

Citrin deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect of citrin resulting from mutations in SLC25A13. The clinical manifestation is very variable and comprises three types: neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD: OMIM 605814), post‐NICCD including failure to thrive and dyslipidemia caused by citrin deficiency, and adult‐onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2: OMIM 603471). Frequently, NICCD can run with a mild clinical course and manifestations may resolve in the post‐NICCD. However, a subset of patients may develop CTLN2 when they become more than 18 years old, and this condition is potentially life‐threatening. Since a combination of diet with low‐carbohydrate and high‐fat content supplemented with medium‐chain triglycerides is expected to ameliorate most manifestations and to prevent the progression to CTLN2, early detection and intervention are important and may improve long‐term outcome in patients. Moreover, infusion of high sugar solution and/or glycerol may be life‐threatening in patients with citrin deficiency, particularly CTLN2. The disease is highly prevalent in East Asian countries but is more and more recognized as a global entity. Since newborn screening for citrin deficiency has only been introduced in a few countries, the diagnosis still mainly relies on clinical suspicion followed by genetic testing or selective metabolic screening. This paper aims at describing (1) the different stages of the disease focusing on clinical aspects; (2) the current published clinical situation in East Asia, Europe, and North America; (3) current efforts in increasing awareness by establishing management guidelines and patient registries, hereby illustrating the ongoing development of a global network for this rare disease.
Preparation of oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized by faba bean protein–grape leaf polyphenol conjugates: pH‐, salt‐, heat‐, and freeze–thaw‐stability
Authors: Dursun Capar Tugba , Iscimen Elif Meltem , McClements David Julian , Yalcin Hasan , Hayta Mehmet
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Plant proteins are being increasingly utilized as functional ingredients in foods because of their potential health, sustainability, and environmental benefits. However, their functionality is often worse than the synthetic or animal‐derived ingredients they are meant to replace. The functional performance of plant proteins can be improved by conjugating them with polyphenols. In this study, the formation and stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions prepared using faba bean protein–grape leaf polyphenol (FP‐GLP) conjugates as emulsifiers. Initially, FP‐GLP conjugates were formed using an ultrasound‐assisted alkali treatment. Then, corn oil‐in‐water emulsions were prepared using high‐intensity sonication (60% amplitude, 10 min) and the impacts of conjugate concentration, pH, ionic strength, freezing–thawing, and heating on their physicochemical properties and stability were determined.

RESULTS

Microscopy and light scattering analysis showed that oil‐in‐water emulsions containing small oil droplets could be formed at conjugate concentrations of 2% and higher. The addition of salt reduced the electrostatic repulsion between the droplets, which increased their susceptibility to aggregation. Indeed, appreciable droplet aggregation was observed at ≥ 50 mmol/L sodium chloride. The freeze–thaw stability of emulsions prepared with protein–polyphenol conjugates was better than those prepared using the proteins alone. In addition, the emulsions stabilized by the conjugates had a higher viscosity than those prepared by proteins alone.

CONCLUSION

This study showed that FP‐GLP conjugates are effective plant‐based emulsifiers for forming and stabilizing oil‐in‐water emulsions. Indeed, emulsions formed using these conjugates showed improved resistance to pH changes, heating, freezing, and salt addition. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of microwave‐assisted treatment on proximate, techno‐functional, thermal, structural, and storage properties of TGN (Cyperus esculentus L.) flour
Authors: Oladunjoye Adebola O. , Olaoluwa Goodness O.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The use of the emerging technique of microwave‐assisted roasting on TGN (TGN) flour was investigated. Tiger nuts were subjected to microwave irradiation at 450, 600, and 900 W each at 5, 10, and 15 min, and milled to flour. The flours were analyzed for proximate, bioactive, techno‐functional, morphological, thermal, and storage effects on their composition. An untreated sample was the control.

RESULTS

The results revealed that microwave treatment significantly (P < 0.05) elicited various modifications in the proximate composition and techno‐functional properties. The treatment improved the bioactive composition of phenolic content together with the antioxidant activity of the flour. Progressive microwave treatment of TGNs resulted in flours with darker colors and reduced pasting parameters. Structural modification of starch granules, protein denaturation, and starch‐protein complexes occasioned by microwave treatment were evidenced in the functional group analysis, including morphological agglomeration, increased particle size, and thermal properties. Treatment also enhanced the microbiological qualities of flour after 8 weeks of storage.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that microwave treatment produces excellent physical modifications that lead to improvements in the nutritional, functional, sensory, and color properties, and safety attributes of TGN flour for food application. This is a development that could present opportunities for novel food formulation by the food industry and related industries. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Salvage of Infected Alloplastic Ear Reconstructions via Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
Authors: Gomez Gabriel , Sie Kathleen C.Y. , Osterbauer Beth , Arom Gabriel , Kochhar Amit
Published: March 2024

This is the first description of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) use in rescuing alloplastic ear reconstructions. Previously considered a sign of certain impending failure, severe infections with frank purulence can be salvaged. As a more recently developed technique, porous polyethylene (PPE) ear reconstruction provides benefits when compared to rib techniques. Increasing surgeon awareness of complication management may lead to further adoption of the technique and improve reconstructive results. Described herein are two cases of draining infections following PPE ear reconstruction that were salvaged with satisfactory results. Laryngoscope, 134:4122–4125, 2024
Super Broadband Emission Across NIR‐I and NIR‐II Under Blue Light Excitation of Cr3+, Ni2+ Co‐Doped Sr2GaTaO6 Phosphor Achieved by Two‐Site Occupation and Effective Energy Transfer
Authors: Zhuo Yifu , Wu Fugen , Niu Yaping , Wang Yun , zhang Qi , Teng Yun , Dong Huafeng , Mu Zhongfei
Published: March 2024

The performance of the near‐infrared phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs) mainly depends on the NIR emitting phosphors used. Cr3+ doped materials can be excited by blue light chips, but their emission is located in the NIR‐I region (650–1000 nm). Ni2+ doped materials are mainly located in the NIR‐II region (1000–1700 nm), but they cannot be effectively excited by blue light chips. Herein, Cr3+, Ni2+ mono‐doped, and co‐doped Sr2GaTaO6 NIR emitting phosphors are prepared and investigated. Cr3+ and Ni2+ ions occupy two octahedral sites of Ga3+ and Ta5+. The co‐doping of Cr3+ ions has achieved two breakthroughs. One is to shift the optimal excitation wavelength from violet light to blue light due to the energy transfer (efficiency up to 70%) from Cr3+ to Ni2+. The other is to achieve the broadband and continuous emission across NIR‐I and NIR‐II regions (650–1700 nm, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 410 nm (173 nm + 237 nm)). The prepared Sr2GaTaO6: 0.02Cr3+, 0.01Ni2+ phosphor is combined with a commercial 460 nm blue chip to realize its application in organic compounds identification, night vision, and biological imaging. This work points out a direction for the future development of efficient super broadband NIR‐emitting phosphors.
It is a match! How donors and nonprofit organizations come together on a matching donation platform
Authors: Sander Philip , Zabel Julia
Published: March 2024

Online donation platforms have grown increasingly established in the past two decades. Among substantial research into donation‐based crowdfunding platforms in general, no studies address the intention to use matching donation platforms. The latter refers to a hypothetical product, not currently available on the market. It represents an extension of conventional donation platforms, aligning donors' preferences with NPOs and projects present on the platform. Drawing on the technology acceptance model (TAM), this exploratory study empirically investigates factors that influence the intention to use a matching donation platform. It also extends the TAM to include trust and donation processing factors and considers the perspectives of both donors and nonprofit organizations (NPOs) engaged in fundraising. The data include an online survey of 458 donors and 112 NPOs in Germany. The findings indicate that all factors, including trust and donation processing, within the extended TAM exert a significant impact on the intention to use a matching donation platform, and attitude toward the platform represents the most influential factor. This article also provides entrepreneurial recommendations for how a matching donation platform can be implemented and used in practice. For example, a matching donation platform should aim at younger donor target groups and provide NPOs with suitable options for processing donations.
Prenatal diagnosis of ROR‐2 related Robinow syndrome presenting with fetal ultrasound findings of mesomelia, vertebral, digital and genital abnormalities
Authors: Yang Liying , Shannon Patrick , Silver Rachel , Roifman Maian , Yates Carin , Chitayat David
Published: March 2024

Autosomal recessive ROR2‐Robinow syndrome is caused by pathogenic variants in the ROR2 gene. Fetal ultrasound done on our patient at 24 + 3/7 weeks gestation showed macrocephaly, brachycephaly, flat face, prominent forehead, mild frontal bossing, lower thoracic hemivertebrae, digital abnormalities and micropenis. Fetal trio whole exome sequencing done on amniocytes showed two pathogenic compound heterozygous variants in the ROR2 gene, c.1324 C > T; p.(Arg442*) maternally inherited and c.1366dup; p.(Leu456Profs*3) apparently de novo. c.1324 C > T; p.(Arg442*) is a nonsense variant resulting in protein truncation reported to be associated with RRS3. c.1366dup; p.(Leu456Profs*3) is a frameshift variant predicted to result in protein truncation reported to segregate with the disease in multiple affected individuals from a single large family with distal symphalangism of the fourth finger. Fetal autopsy following pregnancy termination showed a large head with low‐set ears, facial abnormalities, mesomelic bone shortening, hemivertebra, fused S3 and S4 vertebral bodies, several fused rib heads and short penis with buried shaft.