bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Pediatric Patients Presenting to a Reference Child Hospital with Poisoning Complaint
Authors: Ceylan Gökhan , Keskin Melikşah , Sandal Özlem , Tunç Gaffari , Tuygun Nilden , Yılmaz Gonca
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Although it has different mortality and morbidity rates all over the world, childhood poisoning has an important place among childhood health problems. The increase in health expenditures, retention time and loss of labor caused by poisonings cause the problem not only to be medical but also social aspects. METHODS: In addition to demographic data of 1043 pediatric patients admitted to our hospital with poisoning complaints, pre-admission intervention, place of poisoning, admission time, agent and time of poisoning, time elapsed after poisoning, admission findings, hospitalization period, diagnostic tests applied and treatment modalities were evaluated retrospectively with their prognosis. RESULTS: Of the 1043 cases, 54.5% were female. Female ratio increased to 82% in 139 suicides. When the causes of poisoning is examined, 47.2% were related to drugs, 41.5% were industrial and 5.4% were agricultural products, 2.7% due to CO, 2.6% were depending on the food,0.5% due to unknown factors and 0.2% occured with animal bites. Gastric-lavage, activated-charcoal, intravenous-fluid regimen (33%) was the most common treatment. Two of the three mortal cases were due to colchicine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the development in the diagnosis and treatment of poisonings is pleasing, the most accurate approach to this issue will be to increase the protective measures. In addition to these standard measures, each country should set priorities in line with its own epidemiological study. Regarding the higher mortality rate (22%) we may suggest that clinicians should be more careful and aggressive in the diagnosis and treatment of colchicine intoxications, which can be associated with mortality even at low doses.
Risk Factors in Children with Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract
Authors: Çetin Nuran , Gençler Aylin
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) constitute the most important cause of chronic kidney disease in children. There is insufficient data on the risk factors of these anomalies. In this study, it was aimed to investigate risk factors in children with CAKUT. METHODS: Patients with CAKUT and healthy children as a control group were included. Weight gain of mother during pregnancy, body mass index before pregnancy, the use of cigarette, folic acid, iron and drug of mothers, gestational week, birth weight children were investigated. RESULTS: A 142 patients and 124 children without anomalies were included in this study. The most frequent anomaly was vesicoureteral reflux (n=39), and the second most common was ureteropelvic junction obstruction (n=30). The frequency of having with low birth weight was higher in children with CAKUT than the control group (n=22 [15.5%], n=12 [9.67%], p=0.045, respectively). While 18.3% of the mothers were obese in the patient group, this rate was 5.6% in the control group (p=0.006). In logistic regression analysis, a statistically significant relationship was found between obesity and CAKUT (Odds ratio: 1.54, confidence interval: 1.122-1.981, p=0.021). The rate of mothers who gained excess weight during pregnancy was higher in the patient group (17.6% [n=25], 11.3% [n=14], p=0.032, respectively). There was a significant relationship between overweight gain during pregnancy and the presence of CAKUT (Odds ratio: 1.15, confidence interval: 1.075-1.453, p=0.041). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Maternal obesity before pregnancy and excess weight gain during pregnancy can be a risk factor for CAKUT. Early investigation of these children in terms of CAKUT can be useful in early diagnosis and treatment planning.
Comparison of Standard Endotracheal Tube and Endotracheal Tube with Subglottic Secretion Drainage in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery; Risk of Developing Postoperative Nosocomial Pneumonia
Authors: Talaş Zeki , Çardaközü Tülay , Azak Emel , Gür Sibel
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative nasocomial pneumonia (PoNP) is the pneumonia that develops 48 hours after the surgery. The risk of PoNP is 3-20 times higher when endotracheal tube (ET) was used. Therefore ETs with drainage lumens allowing subglottic secretion were produced (SSD-ET). The risk of PoNP has increased in cardiac surgery. There are limited number of studies on SSD-ET and VAP in the literature on patients under going fast-track cardiac anesthesia protocol. The aim of our study is to compare the protective effect of the SSD-ET on the extubation time and the development of PoNP in the patients having open heart surgery under going fast-track cardiac anesthesia protocols. METHODS: A prospective, non-blind, randomized trial was conducted. Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to receive Standart Tube Group (Group 1) or Subglottic Aspiration Tube Group (Group 2). 60 patients were included in the study. The diagnosis of PoNP is determined according to the diagnostic criteria of 2015 “Centersfor Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)”(1). A two-sided p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Extubation time was 12.65 h in group SSD-ET, it was revealed as 16.88 h in the S-ET group. Hence, the extubation time was significantly shorter in the SSD-ET group (<0.027) DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study has showed that SSD-ETs decreased the extubation time in patients who underwent open heart surgery, although they did not directly affect the development of PoNP
Celiac Disease and Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity Screening in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients
Authors: Kutluk Günsel , Sönmez Hafize Emine , Kaçmaz Hülya
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children characterized by autoimmune etiology. In previous studies, increase In the Incidence of celiac disease (CD) was reported in patients diagnosed with JIA. In this study, the presence of CD and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) in patients diagnosed with JIA were investigated. METHODS: Sixty-one (57.3%) JIA patients admitted to the pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic between January 2020 and April 2020 were included in this cross-sectional study. All patients were evaluated with clinical and laboratory findings in terms of CD and NCGS. Total immunoglobulin (Ig)-A, tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) IgA and IgG, anti-endomysium-antibody (EMA) IgA and IgG and anti-gliadin-antibody (AGA) IgA and IgG levels were measured in all patients. RESULTS: Sixty-one JIA patients Including 35 girls, were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 11.4±4.6 years, the mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±3.4 years. Patients were diagnosed with oligoarticular JIA (n=33), enthesitis-related arthritis (n=18), polyarticular JIA (n=8), and psoriatic arthritis (n=2). All patients were using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs during the study. Thirty-five patients were receiving biological therapy, concomitantly. The patients (n=2) had abdominal pain, indigestion (n=2), and constipation (n=2). None of the patients had growth retardation. EMA IgA and IgG, tTG IgA and IgG, AGA IgA and IgG tests were negative in all patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: CD and NCGS were not detected in our JIA patients. Multicenter studies may guide the clinicians about the circumstances to perform CD and NCGS screening in JIA patients.
Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and Immune Response in COVID-19
Authors: Demirci Mehmet , Ünlü Özge , Yiğin Akın , Zeyrek Fadime Yıldız
Published: December 2020

SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in Wuhan province of China for the first time in December 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world, is still causing an epidemic. SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus outbreak we encountered after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. Due to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, we have gained experience about the pathogenesis and immune responses of coronaviruses. However, studies have shown that, unlike the information derived from our experience, SARS-CoV-2 is both very infectious and its effect on cells is different. Therefore, we aimed to compile the data of the published studies on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting host immune response. In many studies, it has been reported that not only the presence of the host ACE2 receptor is sufficient for the infection of the host cell, but also the cleavage of the structural S protein by proteases should be materialized. It has been shown that, unlike SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it contains different protease cleavage systems and amino acid sequences in the ACE2 receptor binding site. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, as reported in studies conducted up to now, Th1 and Th2-mediated cytokine and chemokine levels in the host are different than SARS-CoV infection, and also different chemokines can be upregulated compared to other CoVs. Considering that effective vaccines have not been developed for the infectious RNA viruses despite the ongoing trials for many years, in order to reveal all these differences in the pathogenesis and immune response process and to develop effective antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 within a short time. the need for comprehensive studies on host immune response is evident.
Is Dientamoeba fragilis a Friend or a Foe? A Study from Istanbul on Patients and Healthy Individuals from Different Cohorts
Authors: Kurt Özgür , Okullu Sinem Öktem , Özen Nestere Mansur , Ünübol Nihan , Cat Selma , Sürer Nurdağı Sebnem , Akyar Işın , Kocagöz Tanıl
Published: December 2020

Objective: Dientamoeba fragilis is an intestinal protozoan found in colonic lumen and it has been demonstrated that it can lead to various gastrointestinal and dermatological complaints. It has been discussed lately that D. fragilis can be found also in high prevalence among healthy individuals and could be a member of healthy gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of D. fragilis between patient and healthy-control groups from Istanbul, and to study clinical outcomes of the infection it causes on the patient group ,and patient characteristics. Method: Stool samples of 184 patients admitted to Acıbadem Health Group hospitals in Istanbul between 2016-2018, and 156 healthy controls were examined in the study. After microbiological and parasitological assessments of stool samples, DNA isolation was made followed by conventional PCR test using specific primers. Results: D. fragilis was detected in 15 of 184 (8.2%) patients and 42 of 156 (26.9%) controls, and the intergroup difference was significant (p<0.05). In the study group Salmonella spp. was detected in 3, and Rotavirus in 1 of the D. fragilis positive individuals. Six out of 15 D. fragilis positive individuals in the study group were women and their average age (n=24.3) was higher than other groups (p=0.25). Fifty-five of 57 (96.5%) D. fragilis positive individuals were in the pediatric age group. The leading complaints were diarrhea, anorexia and abdominal pain, while 3 of the 15 patients reported itching and urticaria. Conclusion: These preliminary results related to the metropolitan city of Istanbul tend to support the fact that D. fragilis may show pathogenic effects in some cases but it is more common among healthy individuals. Considering the similar results from different regions of the world, further studies are essential to unveil under which conditions D. fragilis is silent (friend) and acts as a pathogen (foe).
Shaw in Mid-Twentieth-Century Iran
Authors: Ananisarab Soudabeh
Published: December 2020

This article explores the reception of Shaw's oeuvre in Iran to analyze the ways in which Iranian readers and audiences have read, understood, and used Shaw's work to comment on Iranian sociopolitical issues. Bozorg Alavi, a founding member of Iran's leading communist party, first introduced Iranian readers to Shaw through his translation of Mrs. Warren's Profession (1928). Since then, Shaw has appeared as a recurring point of reference for intellectuals with leftist sympathies in Iran in their pursuits of a range of reform agendas. This article focuses specifically on the mid-twentieth century, a politically turbulent time in which much of the resistance movements that led to the 1979 revolution emerged. It uses translations, criticisms, and productions of Shaw's work in addition to original analyses of Shaw's plays in dialogue with Iranian literature and politics to analyze Shaw's presence in debates surrounding issues of gender, national identity, and political freedom.
Can We Still Take Shaw Seriously?
Authors: Grene Nicholas
Published: December 2020

Can we still take Shaw seriously? In terms of his views on medicine and science, philosophy and religion, the answer has to be “no.” On economics and politics, the issue is more doubtful, but there too, probably, the answer must also be “no.” It is hardly surprising that it should be so. Shaw was born in 1856 and lived almost half of his long life in the reign of Queen Victoria. Many of his opinions were formed early, and though modified and developed later, almost never fundamentally altered. Times change and we change with them, so all of seventy years after Shaw's death in 1950, it might well be expected that the immutable Shavian positions should look outmoded. This article explores why Shaw came to adopt the intransigent opinions he did, and how his no longer fashionable ideas affect our reception of his plays.
Directing Bernard Shaw at the Abbey Theatre: Interview with Annabelle Comyn
Authors: Houlihan Barry
Published: December 2020

Annabelle Comyn is an award-winning director and is artistic director of Hatch Productions. Comyn directed two major productions of works by George Bernard Shaw at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, Pygmalion (2011) and Major Barbara (2013). In this interview, Comyn discusses her experiences of directing Shaw's plays at the Abbey and in working with cast members on the various aspects of bringing Shaw's plays to the stage, as well as the legacy of Shaw in Irish theater today.
Diaphragms in seismic resistant buildings
Authors: Kolston D. , Buchanan B. W.
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the design requirements for reinforced concrete diaphragms. Although diaphragms are primary members  of the seismic force resisting system, ductile detailing of diaphragms is not considered to be required. While the design of diaphragms in regular framed buildings is straightforward, the analysis of transfer diaphragms involves more complex design criteria. Special considerations related to precast diaphragms are dealt with in more detail.
Foundations for shear wall structures
Authors: Binney J. R. , Paulay T.
Published: December 2020

After defining design criteria in general for foundations of earthquake resisting reinforced concrete structures, principles  are set out which govern the choice of suitable foundation systems for various types of shear wall structures. The choice of foundation systems depends on whether the seismic response of the superstructure during the largest expected earthquake is to be elastic or inelastic. For inelastically responding superstructures, preferably the foundation system should be designed to remain elastic. For elastically responding superstructures, suitable foundation systems may be energy dissipating, elastic or of the rocking type. Design criteria for each of these three foundation types are suggested.
Automated systematic method for calculating the operating mode of gas wells using concentric tubing during self-pressure
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Ponomarev А.I. , Ragimov T.T. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Yushin E.S. ,   Russian Research Institute for Natural Gases and Gas Technologies, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article proposes a solution to the problem of operating wells, at the bottom of which, during the production of reservoir products, fluid accumulates. It is shown that traditionally this field problem is solved by carrying out underground repairs, which creates the risk of the wells not being brought back to the initial parameters, primarily in terms of flow rate. The solution to this type of complication in the wells of the Cenomanian deposit of the Urengoy oil and gas condensate field is to transfer the wells to operation using concentric lift columns. This relatively new innovative technology allows for the removal of liquid from the bottom together with gas, thereby avoiding killing the well and its subsequent repair, as well as possible stimulating treatments to restore the necessary flow. It is shown that by calculating the dependencies and the software package it is possible to determine the critical and recommended flow rates for well operation without complications.
Reduction of the effect of toxic substances on the human body in the production of oil-oxidizing bacteria
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Savicheva Y.N. , Baulin O.A. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Enikeeva A.A. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia
Published: December 2020

One of the most effective methods for cleaning soil and water bodies from oil and oil products is the biotechnological method using oil-degrading bacteria. However, their production is a rather complicated process, during which many unfavorable factors act on the human body. The paper considers the process of cleaning an industrial fermenter with a CIP (Cleaning in Place) contactless cleaning system. An automatic metering valve for supplying direct steam during sterilization has been proposed. This reduces the human factor and the risk of workers being poisoned by surfactant species used to clean the fermenter.
Analysis of various approaches to accurately prediction of phase equilibrium of binary helium systems based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia, Malyshev V.L. , Moiseeva E.F. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia
Published: December 2020

The paper presents a detailed algorithm for calculating the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium for multicomponent systems based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state. Various approaches are considered that make it possible to improve the quality of predicting phase equilibrium by the example of eight binary helium systems containing nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, and n-butane. The influence of the acentric factor and the binary interaction parameter on the accuracy of the helium systems phase behavior predicting is analyzed. The optimal interaction coefficients for the presented systems are found under the assumption that this parameter does not depend on temperature. The temperature range of applicability of various approaches is determined, which makes it possible to maximize the description of the phase behavior of helium systems.
PIGEONS' CHOICE BETWEEN SHARED AND UNSHARED FEEDING SITES IN GAME SITUATIONS.
Authors: Kitano Shoko , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Saeki Daisuke , Ito Masato
Published: December 2020

Cooperative behavior in nonhuman animals has been studied within the framework of game theory, typically by using the prisoner’s dilemma game. Previous studies on cooperation by pigeons using this game have revealed that, under these conditions, the animals did not learn the tit-for-tat strategy played by their opponents. In many cases, animals fail to choose cooperation and in so doing do not maximize their gains. The present experiment examined pigeons’ cooperative choices in the prisoner’s dilemma game situation by using a different type of apparatus than that used in previous studies: Subjects moved to choose one of two feeding sites, one of which was shared by another, stooge, pigeon whose choices were controlled by a computer and the other of which was not shared by other pigeons. In this choice situation, the presence of the stooge pigeon increased the subjects’ choices of the shared feeding site significantly. Further, the pigeons learned the other player’s choice strategy (tit-for-tat and random), showing that choice proportions for the shared feeding site were significantly higher in the tit-for-tat condition than in the random condition. These results suggest that the presence of a conspecific at the feeding site is a reinforcer for choosing it and that the choice situation constituted by the apparatus used in the present experiment could promote learning of the opponent’s choice strategy.
DISCOUNTING OF SHARED REWARDS IN PIGEONS
Authors: Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Saeki Daisuke , Taniguchi Kenichiro , Ito Masato
Published: December 2020

Pigeons chose between shared (communal) and unshared patches. In the shared patch, the pigeon would share 14 food pellets with zero to seven other pigeons. In the unshared patch, the pigeon had access to food pellets by itself, in an amount that depended on the given trial. The number of food pellets in the unshared patch was increased or decreased depending on the pigeon’s choices, and the indifference point (the subjective value of the shared reward), here the pigeon chose the shared and unshared patches equally often, was reached. The subjective value of the shared rewards decreased systematically as the number of pigeons sharing the rewards increased. The discounting of the shared rewards was well- described using both hyperbolic and exponential functions. The results suggest that food sharing is a discounting factor, and the mathematical function that describes the social discounting of hypothetical monetary rewards in humans described social discounting in pigeons receiving real rewards.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: December 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2021.
Aplicació de l’anàlisi de camins de mínim cost (LCP) per al cas del pas de l’exèrcit d’Anníbal Barca durant l’etapa catalana pirenaica
Authors: Muñoz Fernández Aina
Published: December 2020

Els Pirineus van ser la primera barrera orogràfica que Anníbal Barca i el seu contingent militar van haver de superar. Tot i haver-hi més d’un centenar d’investigacions sobre la ruta del general púnic de Cartago Nova a Roma, el seu pas pel territori català i els Pirineus resulta ser quasi un apèndix d’aquestes recerques. En aquest treball es presenta un estudi de la possible ruta de l’exèrcit púnic, emprant l’anàlisi dels camins de mínim cost amb les eines dels SIG, reforçada amb un estudi de les fonts clàssiques i les evidències arqueològiques relacionables.
Dry Deposition of PM2.5 Nitrate in a Forest according to Vertical Profile Measurements
Authors: Xu Mao , Matsuda Kazuhide
Published: December 2020

The atmospheric nitrogen compounds can serve as a nutrient; however, its excess deposition has harmful effects on terrestrial ecosystems due to acidification and eutrophication. There are still large uncertainties concerning the dry deposition process of PM2.5 nitrate in forests, even though this process affects the accuracy of chemical transport model simulations. To better understand this process, we conducted vertical profile measurements of inorganic ions in PM2.5 and SO2 above and within a forest canopy in the Field Museum Tamakyuryo site in suburban Tokyo with a particular focus on the processes observed under both daytime and nighttime and both leafy and leafless conditions. We performed two observations during leafy periods (July 21–August 1, 2015, and September 27–October 11, 2016) and one observation during a leafless period (February 23–29, 2016). To obtain daytime and nighttime vertical profiles, we set filter holders at 4 or 5 heights on an observation tower in the forest and changed the filters for each daytime and nighttime. For the PM2.5, the vertical gradients of NO3
− concentration were larger than those of SO4
2− during both the daytime and nighttime for all observational periods, particularly during the leafy periods. In addition, the decreasing rate of NO3
− in the PM2.5 within the canopy was larger than that of SO2 for some observational periods. In the daytime, the air temperature was higher near the canopy surface during the leafy period and near the ground surface during the leafless period. As also suggested by past studies, the large gradients of NO3
− in the PM2.5 during the leafy period were likely caused by the volatilization of NH4NO3 near the deposition surfaces due to the higher temperature in the daytime and the lower concentration of HNO3 caused by its fast removal during both the daytime and nighttime.
Application of Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Airborne SO2 Observation on Hanseo Beechcraft 1900 D
Authors: Park Jinsoo , Choi Jinsoo , Moon Kwangjoo , Kim Danbi , Kim Hyun-Jae , Ahn Joonyoung , Lee Sangwook , Seo Beom-Keun , Kim Jongho , Park Soobog , Kim Saewung
Published: December 2020

As the observational constraints of SO2 become a limiting factor for emission inventory and regional and global transport model validations, we present an airborne SO2 observational suite integrated on Beechcraft 1900D (B1900D) operated by Hanseo University. A chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) technique using SF6
− ion chemistry is used to take advantage of fast response (<1 Hz) and the low limit of detection (30 ppt). In this study, we describe the performance of the CIMS system on B1900D along with descriptions on the modified airborne platform. Furthermore, exemplary observational results around point sources such as a steel production facility and a petrochemical industrial facility in the Taeahn Peninsula in South Korea. In addition, an observational result over the Yellow Sea is presented to demonstrate the ability of the instrumentation to capture pollution transport from the continent. Overall, the performance of the airborne CIMS system for SO2 is well demonstrated for future air quality studies.
Cervical Cystic Hygroma in an Older Adult: A case study
Authors: Piłkowski Michał , Komorski Józef , Nienartowicz Jan , Nelke Kamil
Published: December 2020

Cystic hygromas are very uncommon malformations in adults. In most of the cases, they present as a painless, fluctuant swelling, usually located in the neck region. They tend to grow extensively if not removed. Cystic hygromas can range from 1 mm to several centimeters in size and are filled with clear- to straw-colored fluid. Surgical treatment remains the gold-standard treatment for these tumors. In some cases they can be misdiagnosed with branchial cysts, swollen lymph nodes or other pathologies. When this malformation is present in the prevertebral fascia its surgical treatment is challenging, and some Authors advise its conservative treatment, which is in a great risk of its reoccurence. Because of potential malignant transformation in some percentage of branchial cyst cases, a similar situation was suspected. The present report describes a case of cystic hygroma of the left side of the neck in a 92-year-old female adult and its clinical, radiologic and operative features.
Interactive exercises and games for sustainable development goals: How to develop sustainability competencies in higher education?
Authors: Kozak Olena
Published: December 2020

The article is dedicated to the idea of including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in any discipline in higher education for the development of sustainability competences. The article analyses possible interactive exercises and games for all 17 SDGs. It also includes the analysis of sustainability competences provided by each game or exercise, as well as disciplines in which it can be used. This author recommends using interactive exercises and games for SDGs in higher education as effective and powerful instruments for promoting sustainability issues and developing students’ competencies.
The child and the protection of his rights in the Romanian legal system
Authors: Palankiewicz-Mitrut Emilia
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to present the circumstances of the establishment of the National Agency for Child Protection and Adoption (Autoritatea Nationala Pentru Protectia Copilului Si Adoptie) and the Deputy Ombudsman dealing with children's matters (Avocatul Copilului, an agency that was established by the Act of January 2018 and is the equivalent of the Ombudsman for Children) as well as to refer to the acts specifying the competences and scope of activity of both institutions. The article analyses legal acts (documents of international law and provisions of national law) and reports sent by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) to the Romanian side, which contributed to the establishment of institutions dealing with children's matters in Romania.
The conclusions of the review of the child protection legislation in Romania show that the country has made great progress in the care of children and the respect for their rights in recent years. Romania began to be perceived as a country that takes into account the needs of the youngest citizens, which is manifested not only by the establishment of the institution of the Ombudsman for Children or the National Agency for Child Protection and Adoption, but also by many other activities aimed at supporting children. These include the international conference "Child Participation in Decision-Making and Policy Development at EU Level" organized in Bucharest in May 2019, during which the Bucharest a Declaration on Child Participation in Decision-Making at National and EU Levels was adopted.
A child's grief after the death of a sibling – a review of selected theoretical and empirical aspects
Authors: Gindrich Piotr Alfred
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to review selected theoretical and empirical aspects concerning the death of a sibling as well as its psychological and social consequences for a living child. This topic has not been of interest to researchers so far. This fact may pose an obstacle in searching for effective forms of social and educational support for families who have been orphaned in this way, especially for children. The article illustrates the importance of selected factors that determine the grief experience of children in connection with the loss of a sibling, such as: gender and age, type and cause of sibling death, features of the family environment. Considering the practical implications, it may be emphasized that the ability of the living child to cope with the loss may depend on the willingness of parents to discuss the death of a sibling. Moreover, in order to plan the care and educational impact, gender, age, type and cause of sibling death should be taken into account.
Functioning of educational and care facilities during a pandemic
Authors: Ruszkowska Marzena
Published: December 2020

The pandemic situation we are currently experiencing requires not only from family but also from institutional foster care and social services to take non-standard activities nobody was prepared for. Additionally, lack of imposed solutions means that foster carers, educators and other employees of the foster care system and their pupils feel left alone. The subject of the article's interest is the functioning of children staying in educational and care facilities and their educators during the coronavirus pandemic. The research was carried out in two phases. The first phase was of netographic research nature and consisted of a thorough analysis of articles posted on websites about the functioning of the foster care system during a pandemic. In the second phase, qualitative interviews (by telephone or using available communicators) were used in the Bialski poviat. Lack of specialized support, 24-hour childcare, preparing lessons with children, lack of remote learning equipment, mitigating conflicts, coping with the child’s aggression, adoption of new children from interventions, no access to specialists are just a few of the problems identified during the research. Therefore, the question arises: how long will the directors and educators of educational and care facilities be able to manage without additional support?
Rastreamento de Objetos em Realidade Virtual e Realidade Aumentada
Authors: Pichiliani Mauro
Published: December 2020

A geração atual de dispositivos de Realidade Virtual (RV) e as aplicações de Realidade Aumentada (RA) estão cada vez mais voltadas para o rastreamento preciso de partes de corpo, incluindo mãos e movimento corporal. Contudo, o rastreamento de objetos físicos e seu emprego em RV e RA contêm desafios técnicos e práticos. Este workshop vai apresentar as técnicas existentes para o rastreamento de objetos físicos incluindo uso de sensores, visão computacional e dispositivos que requerem a instrumentação do usuário.
Realidade Aumentada com Vuforia e Unity
Authors: Omaia Derzu , Machado Liliane
Published: December 2020

A realidade aumentada (RA) é um mecanismo de visualização, direta ou indireta, em tempo real, de um ambiente físico real, sobre o qual são adicionadas informações geradas por computador. A RA visa integrar elementos virtuais à visão do mundo real, aumentando a percepção do usuário e sua interação com o ambiente. Diversos dispositivos de visualização podem ser utilizados para essa integração visual, entre eles dispositivos móveis como tablets e smartphones. Com a popularização dos dispositivos móveis, tornou-se possível criar aplicações de RA de baixo custo e fácil disseminação. Diversas ferramentas de desenvolvimento para RA vem sendo propostas para diferentes plataformas, dentre elas, destacam-se a biblioteca Vuforia em conjunto com a plataforma Unity, visto que oferecerem recursos avançados de forma simples. Este tutorial se propõe a apresentar o processo de criação de aplicações de RA com o uso da biblioteca Vuforia em conjunto com a plataforma Unity, mostrando como usar recursos básicos a avançados dessa biblioteca. No presente documento é apresentado o passo a passo para desenvolvimento de uma aplicação simples.
Online Experimentation @FEUP: five years of evaluations
Authors: Urbano Diana , Chouzal Maria De Fátima , Restivo Maria Teresa
Published: December 2020

The Online Experimentation @FEUP lab gathers a set of experimental resources based on Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Haptic Systems. The design, development and implementation of those resources are guided by the following main goals: familiarizing students with the referred technologies, complement hands-on experimentation, motivate students and promote knowledge gain. A brief presentation of the online experimental activities most utilized and evaluated in the past five years in context of different undergraduate courses and at the K12 level is presented. In all the studies conducted, the strategies adopted involve pre- and post-testing to assess knowledge gain, experimental group activities, and individual response to surveys to assess student reaction. The results published in journals, conferences proceedings and book chapters are discussed.
Innovative Technologies to Support Education and Training: Researches by LabTEVE
Authors: Machado Liliane , Moraes Ronei
Published: December 2020

Training systems based on virtual reality, serious games, assessment methods, systems to support learning, assessment methodologies and technologies to extend interaction with educational content have been the focus of researches at LabTEVE. The interdisciplinarity can be observed in each project, highlighting the need for dialogue between areas for the production of solutions and technologies that can be used today as well as prospected for the future.
Visualization, Interaction and Simulation Lab at UFRGS
Authors: Maciel Anderson , Freitas Carla Dal Sasso , Nedel Luciana
Published: December 2020

The Visualization, Interaction and Simulation Laboratory (VISLab) is part of the Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Interaction research group, which started its activities in 1978 developing projects mainly on rendering and animation. Along the years, as new researchers joined the group, new research fields such as image acquisition and analysis, virtual reality, nonconventional interaction, and visualization of complex data started to be investigated. Within this group, VISLab is majorly concerned with research on human-computer interaction, with emphasis on non-conventional, 3D interaction and haptics, and immersive visualization in the context of virtual and augmented reality applications. In this paper, we present the VISLab research focus and the strategy we use to achieve its main goal: to enhance the human with computers, extending the perception capabilities, and improving the human power of action in a natural way. We also briefly describe and illustrate some recent works developed in the lab.
Study of Creativity Among Postgraduate Students in School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Heidarzadeh Behnoosh , Shakerian Sareh , Moghaddamifard Zeinab
Published: December 2020

Background: Universities are among the most influential educational environments for teaching creative thinking. The current study aimed to investigate the creativity of postgraduate students at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This applied research studied 265 students in 10 majors in 2018. The participants were selected via two-stage random cluster sampling. Abedi's creativity test was used to collect the data. Content validity was confirmed by the Lawshe method, and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and ICC. Data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Based on the findings, most students (88.6%) obtained a moderate score, in general, and separate by dimensions. Only did 9.7% reach a high score. The highest score was for the fluency dimension (25.3%), followed by originality (24.3%). According to demographic variables separated by age, marital status, educational degree, and gender, there was no significant difference in students' creativity scores. Conclusions: According to the findings, paying more attention to creativity and having a detailed perspective through intertwining abilities with creativity in universities, as specialized institutions for training, is useful for growing creativity.
A Research Oriented Framework for the Development of Marketing Strategies in the Turkish Construction Sector
Authors: ÖZTEK M. Yaman , ÇENGEL Özgür
Published: December 2020

In the Turkish Business Environment, construction sector plays a crucial role in the context of overall economic growth and sustainability. However, there have not been effective marketing strategies being implemented in order to enhance the profitability of the sector. This had occurred partly due to the fact that demand had been above the level of supply in the past. In contrast, nowadays fierce competition enforces that many construction projects are being promoted, thereby increasing the level of supply compared to the level of demand unlike what has happened in the past. As a result, genuine marketing strategies need to be emerged in order for construction companies to stay alive in this sector. With a sample size of 152, this paper aims to research the economic growth in terms of Turkish economy and construction sector. Besides, construction types, the biggest markets of construction companies, marketing/management strategies, and problems associated with the sector have been researched and debated with a specific focus on e-marketing/management approaches that have recently been revealed.
Web 2.0 Uygulamalarının Eğitim Süreçlerine Etkisi: Çanakkale Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokul Örneği
Authors: KEKEÇ MORKOÇ Dilek , MORKOÇ KEKEÇ
Published: December 2020

Öğretim alanında kullanılan metodolojilerin çağımızın vazgeçilmez bir tutkusu haline gelen teknolojinin hızına paralel gelişimi ile birlikte tek yönlü iletişim süreci olan Web 1.0 yerine, içeriğin değiştirilebildiği, geliştirilebildiği Web 2.0 kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Günümüzde birçok sosyal ağ sitesi ortaya çıkmış ve bu sosyal ağların kullanımı özellikle genç kullanıcılar arasında hızla artış göstermeye başlamıştır. Web 2.0 uygulamaları her türlü bilgiyi ve öğretim içeriğini kolay ve hızlı ulaşılabilir bir platforma taşıyabilmektedir. Yapılan çalışma ile Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu 2013–2014 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar II. yarıyılında, Çanakkale Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulunda tüm programlarda 1. ve 2. sınıf okumakta olan 1140 öğrenci alınmıştır. Bu ana kütleden ulaşılabilen 651 kişilik bir örneklem % 57 oluşturulmuş ve araştırmaya katılımları sağlanmıştır. Çalışmada Beril Akıncı Vural ve Mikail Bat'ın “Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bilgileri Detaylandırılarak Hangi Sosyal Ağları Kullandıkları” ve Kullanım alışkanlıklarını” saptanmaya yönelik anket çalışmaları ile Onyebuchi tarafından 2009 yılında gerçekleştirilen “Sosyal Medyanın Öğrenim ve Öğretim Süreçlerine Etkisini Belirleme” amaçlı hazırlanan anket referans alınmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerinin bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinden internet ve sosyal medya kullanım alışkanlıklarını, sosyal medya bilgi düzeylerinin saptanmasına ve üniversite düzeyindeki eğitim süreçlerinde sosyal medyanın kullanımının etkililiği ve faydalanabilirliğinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır.
Lex secundum quam disponuntur omnia: Trichotomic Trees in Jan AmosKomenský’s Pansophical Metaphysics and Metaphorics
Authors: Pavlas Petr ,   Zeta Books
Published: December 2020

The goal of this article is to detail the opposition to “Ramean tree” dichotomic divisions which emerged in the age of swelling Antitrinitarianism, especially Socinianism. Scholars such as Bartholomaeus Keckermann, Jan Amos Komenský and Richard Baxter made a point of preferring the trichotomic to the dichotomic division of Petrus Ramus and the Ramist tradition. This paper tracks the origin of Komenský’s “universal triadism” as present in his book metaphorics and in his metaphysics. Komenský’s triadic book metaphorics (the notion of nature, human mind and Scripture as “the triple book of God”) has its source in late sixteenth-century Lutheran mysticism and theosophy, mediated perhaps by Heinrich Khunrath and, above all, by Johann Heinrich Alsted. Komenský’s metaphysics follows the same triadic pattern. What is more, Komenský illustrates both these domains by means of Ramist-like bracketed trees; regarding book metaphorics, clearly his sources are Khunrath and Alsted. Although inspirations from Lullus, Sabundus and Nicholas of Cusa are most probably involved, the crucial role has to be ascribed to the influence of Lutheran mysticism and Alsted’s “Lullo-Ramism.”
Behind the Scenes: Paolo Sarpi, a Natural Philosopher Friar
Authors: Riverso Nicla ,   Zeta Books
Published: December 2020

My article explores Paolo Sarpi’s achievements in natural philosophy in order to define his contribution to the intellectual milieu of his time. Sarpi’s role as a natural philosopher has been underestimated, due to the fact that his research has been unpublished and has largely perished: his works on natural philosophy and his scientific discoveries were recorded in his private papers and diaries, kept in the Servite monastery in Venice, which was entirely destroyed by fire in 1769. I explain how Sarpi, because of his conflicts and strained relations with the Church of Rome, did not want to publish on natural philosophy, and I demonstrate how he operated in “silence,” cooperating with other natural philosophers behind the scenes in order to make important discoveries. Bringing up what is left of Sarpi’s writings, I examine the Servite’s accomplishments in physics and magnetism, and compare them with those of Gilbert, Garzoni, and Galileo. Through a careful analysis on passages from Sarpi’s correspondence and Pensieri, by focusing on his achievements in magnetism, I show that his research on magnetic fields had a significant bearing on his study of terrestrial motion and I point out how his study helped him to take his place among those scholars who led Galileo to develop his theory on motion and gravity.
The Spectre of Nat Turner
Authors: Betz Margaret ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

We have a complicated, sometimes contradictory, perception of the use of political violence. This article discusses the possible legitimacy of a particular kind, referred to as “resistance violence,” or violence carried out by vulnerable targeted social groups. After providing distinctions regarding who, when, and why resistance violence happens, this article considers two examples that highlight different factors. By considering the work of various philosophers including Locke, Arendt, Fanon, and Fricker, this article proposes two theses: first, that epistemic contextualization requires that the legitimacy of resistance violence always be evaluated with the understanding that vulnerable social groups often reside outside the parameters of legal/criminal/judicial protection. And, second, that resistance violence is a politically legitimate option and need not promise practical success to be worth pursuing due to the fact that resistance actors often see violence as establishing their dignity and humanity.
Human Papillomavirus Testing in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Impact of the 2018 College of American Pathologists Guideline Among Referral Cases at a Large Academic Institution
Authors: Ferguson Donna C. , Mehrad Mitra , Ely Kim A. , Shinn Justin R. , Lewis James S.
Published: December 2020

Context.—

Given the growing clinical significance of human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, the College of American Pathologists established a set of evidence-based recommendations for high-risk human papillomavirus testing for publication in a guideline.

Objective.—

To evaluate the impact of the recommendations on human papillomavirus ancillary test ordering habits by comparing compliance before and after the guideline was published.

Design.—

We retrospectively reviewed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma biopsy or resection specimens from outside institutions during a 2.5-year period around guideline publication to determine whether human papillomavirus testing was performed in accordance with the guideline.

Results.—

Human papillomavirus testing deviated from the guideline in 45 of 107 cases (42.1%) before and 93 of 258 cases (36.0%) after its publication (P = .29). This included 6 of 26 cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (23.1%) before and 5 of 55 cases (9.1%) after (P = .16), with 5 of 5 (100.0%) after due to not performing p16 immunohistochemistry. This also included 30 of 68 cases of nonoropharyngeal carcinoma (44.1%) before and 69 of 163 (42.3%) after the guideline was published (P = .88), with 29 of 30 (96.7%) before and 67 of 69 (97.1%) after due to unnecessary use of p16 immunohistochemistry. Nodal metastasis testing deviated in 9 of 13 cases (69.2%) before and 19 of 40 cases (47.5%) after (P = .21) with marked variability in testing, including 3 of 9 (33.3%) before and 8 of 19 (42.1%) after, for not confirming certain p16 immunohistochemistry–positive tumors with human papillomavirus–specific testing.

Conclusions.—

Pathologists continue to deviate from the testing guideline significantly in everyday practice. Further education and discussion about the appropriate handling of head and neck cancer specimens may be needed.