bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of nutrition therapy with food rich in methionine for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver
Authors: Morales-Romero Jaime , Ortíz León María Cristina , Hernández-Gutierrez Héctor , Bahena-Cerón Roberto A. , Miranda-Reza Aidé , Marin-Carmona José A. , Rodríguez-Romero Edit , Mora-Herrera Silvia I. , Garcia-Roman Jonathan , Peréz-Carreón Julio I. , Rivadeneyra-Domínguez Eduardo , Riande-Juárez Gabriel , Garcia-Roman Rebeca
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to Non Alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The treatment for NAFLD involves modification of caloric intake and physical activity. NAFLD has a pro-oxidant nature; therefore, it is logical to suppose that the antioxidant methionine can be used as a treatment for this disease. Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-methionine dietary therapy on patients with NAFLD. Materials and methods. A randomized clinical study was conducted over three months. In this study, 121 NAFLD patients participated, and the age of the participants was ≥ 20 years (experimental group included 56 and control group 65), all of whom were randomized and matched by sex, recluted from the ISSSTE hospital in Xalapa, Mexico. The patients were instructed to consume food to cover the recommended methionine daily doses, and the daily amount consumed was calculated. Methionine effect was measured as NAFLD regression and quality of life improvement. Results. Nutritional therapy induced NAFLD regression and diminished central fat accumulation, blood pressure, and the fatty liver index. Some parameters, such as liver enzymes, did not changed. The quality of life of patients improved after treatment. Conclusions. In this study, we show a hepatoprotective effect induced only in three months of chances in the diet, thus, a longer diet may generate more relevant benefits in the resistant parameters of our study.
PEMERINTAHAN DESA DALAM PENGUNDANGAN RANCANGAN PERATURAN DESA KENAKALAN REMAJA BERDASARKAN PERATURAN BUPATI SAMBAS NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG PEDOMAN TEKNIS PERATURAN DESA (Studi Kasus Di Desa Tengguli Kecamatan Sajad)
Authors: Hanapi  , Hasiah
Published: August 2023

Pembentukan peraturan desa memiliki tahapan-tahapan yang telah diatur oleh pemerintah yang secara spesifiknya diatur oleh peraturan daerah masing-masing. Tahapan-tahapan tersebut diawali dengan musyawah pemerintah Desa bersama BPD hingga ke tahapan akhir yaitu pengundangan peraturan Desa. Namun, dalam hal pengundangan desa, terdapat Desa yang belum memahami proses pengundangannya seperti di Desa Tengguli Kecamatan Sajad terkait membentuk peraturan tentang kenakalan remaja. Meskipun pemerintahan Desa Tengguli telah mengikuti teknis pembentukan peraturan Desa sesuai Peraturan Bupati Sambas Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 Tentang Tata Cara Penyusunan Peraturan di Desa namun pada fase pengundangan yang tidak dievaluasi oleh Dinas Kabupaten sehingga saat ini peraturan tersebut belum diberlakukan. Oleh sebab itu, pemerintah desa memiliki peran penting dalam mengimplementasikan Perda Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 tentang Teknis Peraturan Desa maka perlu adanya peneltian dari perwujudan peran tersebut.

Adapun jenis penelitian sebagai upaya penguraian jurnal ini, penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan empiris. Pendekatan empiris yang dimaksud sebagai pengungkap fenomena-fenoma hukum yang berlaku di masyarakat. Adapun, hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam proses pembentukan peraturan desa, Pemerintah Desa Tengguli telah berperan aktif dalam tahapan perencanaan, penyusunan dan pembahasan, namun tidak pada tahap pengundangan dan sosialisasi. Pemerintah Desa tidak berupaya mengkonfirmasi ke pihak pemerintah Kabupaten terkait evalusi Perdes yang telah dibuat sehingga dapat menghambat terbitnya produk hukum yang seharusnya bisa dilaksanakan dalam hal menangani isu remaja masyarakat. Disisi lain,  dengan pembentukan rancangan Perdes oleh Desa Tengguli dapat dikatakan bentuk peran Pemerintah sebagai penyelenggara pemerintah lokal dalam merespon isu-isu kenakalan remaja yang menjadi permasalahan sosial di masyarakat. Tidak hanya itu, terhambatnya pengundangan rancangan Perdes dikarenakan minimnya referensi masyarakat dan pemerintah desa dalam melakukan pembacaan terhadap regulasi, khususnya pada tahapan pengundangan peraturan di desa. Kurangnya koordinasi dengan lembaga yang berhubungan dengan perkara pengundangan peraturan desa juga membuat peraturan desa yang seharusnya sudah disosialisasikan menjadi terhambat.
A Pilot Study in Korea for Implementing Artificial Intelligence Smart Poultry Farm Appropriate Technology Camp in Tanzania
Authors: Kim Gahyoung , Son Muntak
Published: August 2023

Since the pandemic, the study purposed to derive improvements of the educational program through pilot operation for youth in Korea before local application to disseminate artificial intelligence smart poultry farm in Tanzania. For this purpose, we developed an artificial intelligence smart poultry farm appropriate technology camp program, and 49 high school students participated in this pilot study for two days. After the pilot operation, a questionnaire was conducted to measure students' perception and experience of artificial intelligence through this appropriate technology camp. The questionnaire consisted of 22 questions measuring the perception of artificial intelligence by the Likert scale and 1 question describing the participation experience. Students' perception of artificial intelligence was primarily composed of three areas: value perception (6 questions), efficacy (4 questions), and risk perception (12 questions). As a result, students' value perception (M=4.30, SD=.491) and efficacy (M=4.42, SD=.487) to artificial intelligence were high. However, the risk perception (M=3.42, SD=1.023) was relatively low. In addition, through this appropriate technology camp, students' motivation to learn artificial intelligence improved, their interest in careers and jobs related to artificial intelligence increased, and they had a negative perception and a positive impact on society due to artificial intelligence.
Applicability Verification of Restoration by Welding to Extend the Lifetime of Railway Wheel
Authors: Kim Byung-Ryeol , Moon Ki Yeon , Cho Jin Sang , Lee Young Jin
Published: August 2023

Railway wheels, when subjected to wear beyond their designated usage standards due to the operation of railway vehicles, are traditionally managed through a turing maintenance method. This process involves turing the entire worn portion to secure the requisite cross-sectional shape. This approach often leads to disposal after just 2 to 3 turing maintenance cycles. Excessive turing, extending beyond the worn parts, can cause the wheels to fail to meet railway operating specifications. Discarded railway wheels, which contain a high carbon content essential for driving performance, are not repurposed but are instead entirely stockpiled. This research introduces a novel welding restoration technology for railway wheels, targeting the flange portion, a principal area of wear. Utilizing submerged arc welding techniques, this method enables the localized repair of worn parts, minimizing the turing thickness and thus extending the useful life fo railway wheel. To evaluate the on-site applicability and dependability of this welding restoration method, real rail vehicle driving tests were conducted using both conventionally turned and welding-restored railway wheels. Analysis of the wheel profiles substantiated that the welding restoration method delivers mechanical performance comparable to that achieved by traditional turning maintenance.
A Bibliometric Analysis for the All the Published Papers During 2015-2022 in the Journal of Appropriate Technology Based on the Keyword Analysis
Authors: Jeong Seongpil
Published: August 2023

Because appropriate technology (AT) is mainly focusing on the technologies and methods for developing countries and vulnerable social group, the purpose of the AT could be providing water-energy-food infrastructure and education opportunity. The journal of appropriate technology (JAT) is the professional journal on AT and has been published since 2015. In this study, the bibliometric analysis based on the keyword analysis was conducted to understand research trends for various research topics. The keywords were collected from all the published JAT papers and analyzed according to publication year and order of appearance. As the results, the variation for the number of keywords according to the publication year was evaluated and research trends on the various AT topics were confirmed. The research areas in keywords were relatively prior to the methods and targets in keywords in the order of appearance. If huge data base could be collected by the help of AI (artificial intelligence), it is worth to mention that the keywords analysis of this study could be also used to other research topics.
Alteration of Gut microbiota during HIV infection
Authors: Altın Kevser Hanne
Published: August 2023

Gut flora is the community of microbial populations that live in the intestine. Approximately 30% of this population is shared by all humans, but the remaining 70% is unique to each individual, hence gut microbiota serves as an identity card. Gut microbiota play numerous functions in the body's defense against invasion, the synthesis of important vitamins, the regulation of immunological marker production, and others.  Researchers observed several data when analyzing bacteria species present in HIV-infected individuals using the 16S rRNA sequencing approach, concluding that HIV-infected people had a high number of Prevotella species, while Lachnospiraceae, Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae were all less. Those microbiota shifts may help explain how gut-related disorders interact with HIV. Researchers have discovered various methods for altering the composition of the gut microbiota in order to achieve a healthy gut. This review will focus on and highlight recent discoveries in Gut microbiota shifts during HIV infection and emphasize the immune response and treatment options.
Hemşirelerin Basınç Yaralanmalarını Önlemeye Yönelik Bilgi ve Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZYÜREK Pakize , GÜRLEK KISACIK Öznur
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırmada hemşirelerin basınç yaralanmalarını önlemeye yönelik bilgi düzeyi ve tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu araştırma 01.04.2020-01.09.2020 tarih aralığında bir hastanede çalışan toplam 140 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, "Hemşire Bilgi Formu", ''Basınç Ülseri Önlemede Bilgi Değerlendirme Ölçeği Türkçe versiyonu'' (BÜÖBDÖ) ve "Basınç Ülserlerini Önlemeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (BÜÖYTÖ)" ile toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 26.71±5.55 olup mesleki çalışma süresi ise 6.48±5.09 olarak saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin, BÜÖBDÖ toplam puanı 26 üzerinden 10.82 puan aldıkları ve sadece %8.5'inin (n=12) doğru cevap yüzdesi ve kabul edilebilir bilgi puanına (≥%60; ≥16) sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Hemşirelerin BÜÖYTÖ toplam tutum puanı 52 üzerinden 37.10 olarak saptanırken, tutum yüzdesinin %41.6 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin %42.8'inin (n=60) ortalama tutum puanının ≥%75 (tatmin edici tutum düzeyi) olduğu bulunmuştur. Hemşirelerin yaşları ile tutum puanları arasında pozitif yönde (rs= 0.198; p= 0.019), klinikte çalışma süreleri ile tutum puanları arasında ise negatif yönde zayıf düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu bulunuştur (rs= -0.199; p= 0.018).

Sonuç: Hemşirelerin basınç yaralanmalarını önlemeye yönelik bilgileri kabul edilebilir puan düzeyinde ve tutumlarının ise tatmin edici düzeyde olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Basınç yaralanmalarını önlemeye yönelik uygulamaları iyileştirmek için hemşirelerin bilgilerini arttırmaya ve olumlu tutumlar geliştirmelerine yönelik eğitimsel stratejiler ve müdahaleler geliştirilmelidir.
Optical Studies of Seven Bright Southern Cataclysmic Variable Stars
Authors: Thorstensen John R. , Alvarado-Anderson Chase K. , Burrows Abigail D. , Goebel-Bain Rowan M. , Katz David C.
Published: August 2023

We report spectroscopic observations of seven bright southern cataclysmic variable stars, collected on a single two-week observing run using the 1.9 m Radcliffe telescope at the South African Astronomical Observatory. We used a radial-velocity time series, in some cases in combination with other data, to determine or clarify orbital periods for five of them, namely ATO J061.1478−31.0634, BMAM-V547, MGAB-V202, NSV 4202, and V1147 Cen. For BMAM-V547, we use data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to corroborate and sharpen the orbital period; the TESS data also show a photometric period near 3.93 days, likely indicating precession of the accretion disk. Also, we find a periodic modulation in the radial velocities of the SU UMa-type dwarf nova Var Ret2005, but are unable to specify a unique cycle count. Finally, we show a spectrum of ASASSN-V J061528.41−412007.3 that appears typical of a luminous novalike variable.
ALMA as a Redshift Machine: Using [C ii] to Efficiently Confirm Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Schouws Sander , Bouwens Rychard , Smit Renske , Hodge Jacqueline , Stefanon Mauro , Witstok Joris , Hilhorst Juliëtte , Labbé Ivo , Algera Hiddo , Boogaard Leindert , Maseda Michael , Oesch Pascal , Röttgering Huub , van der Werf Paul
Published: August 2023

The [C ii]158μm line has long been proposed as a promising line to spectroscopically confirm galaxies in the epoch of reionization. In this paper, we present the results of new ALMA observations spectral scanning for [C ii] in six particularly luminous Lyman-break galaxies at z ∼ 7. The six sources were drawn from a sample of bright z ∼ 7 galaxies identified using the wide-area optical, near-IR, and Spitzer/IRAC data over the COSMOS/UltraVISTA field and were targeted on the basis of tight constraints on their redshifts from their IRAC [3.6]–[4.5] colors. We detect significant (>9σ) [C ii] lines in three of our six targets (50%) cospatial with the rest-UV emission from the ground/space-based near-IR imaging. The luminosities of the [C ii] lines lie in the range 5.6–8.8 × 108
L
⊙, consistent with the local [C ii]–SFR relation. Meanwhile, their [C ii]/L
IR ∼ 1–3 × 10−3 ratios are slightly elevated compared to local (U)LIRGS. This could be due to lower dust-to-gas or dust-to-metal ratios. We also find that our sources display a large kinematic diversity, with one source showing signs of rotation, one source a likely major merger, and one dispersion-dominated source that might contain a bright star-forming clump. Our results highlight the effectiveness of spectral scans with ALMA in spectroscopically confirming luminous galaxies in the epoch of reionization, something that is being be applied on a significantly larger sample in the ongoing REBELS large program.
The Temperature, Electron, and Pressure Characteristics of Switchbacks: Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Huang Jia , Kasper Justin C. , Larson Davin E. , McManus Michael D. , Whittlesey Phyllis , Livi Roberto , Rahmati Ali , Romeo Orlando , Liu Mingzhe , Jian Lan K. , Verniero Jaye L. , Velli Marco , Badman Samuel T. , Rivera Yeimy J. , Niembro Tatiana , Paulson Kristoff , Stevens Michael , Case Anthony W. , Bowen Trevor A. , Pulupa Marc , Bale Stuart D. , Halekas Jasper S.
Published: August 2023

Parker Solar Probe observes unexpectedly prevalent switchbacks, which are rapid magnetic field reversals that last from seconds to hours, in the inner heliosphere, posing new challenges to understanding their nature, origin, and evolution. In this work, we investigate the thermal states, electron pitch-angle distributions, and pressure signatures of both inside and outside the switchbacks, separating a switchback into spike, transition region (TR), and quiet period (QP). Based on our analysis, we find that the proton temperature anisotropies in TRs seem to show an intermediate state between spike and QP plasmas. The proton temperatures are more enhanced in the spike than in the TR and QP, but the alpha temperatures and alpha-to-proton temperature ratios show the opposite trend to the proton temperatures, implying that the preferential heating mechanisms of protons and alphas are competing in different regions of switchbacks. Moreover, our results suggest that the electron-integrated intensities are almost the same across the switchbacks, but the electron pitch-angle distributions are more isotropic inside than outside switchbacks, implying switchbacks are intact structures, but strong scattering of electrons happens inside switchbacks. In addition, the examination of pressures reveals that the total pressures are comparable through an individual switchback, confirming switchbacks are pressure-balanced structures. These characteristics could further our understanding of ion heating, electron scattering, and the structure of switchbacks.
As Simple as Possible but No Simpler: Optimizing the Performance of Neural Net Emulators for Galaxy SED Fitting
Authors: Mathews Elijah P. , Leja Joel , Speagle 沈 Joshua S. 佳士 , Johnson Benjamin D. , Gibson Justus , Nelson Erica J. , Suess Katherine A. , Tacchella Sandro , Whitaker Katherine E. , Wang 王 Bingjie 冰洁
Published: August 2023

Artificial neural network emulators have been demonstrated to be a very computationally efficient method to rapidly generate galaxy spectral energy distributions, for parameter inference or otherwise. Using a highly flexible and fast mathematical structure, they can learn the nontrivial relationship between input galaxy parameters and output observables. However, they do so imperfectly, and small errors in flux prediction can yield large differences in recovered parameters. In this work, we investigate the relationship between an emulator’s execution time, uncertainties, correlated errors, and ability to recover accurate posteriors. We show that emulators can recover consistent results to traditional fits, with a precision of 25%–40% in posterior medians for stellar mass, stellar metallicity, star formation rate, and stellar age. We find that emulation uncertainties scale with an emulator’s width N as ∝N
−1, while execution time scales as ∝N
2, resulting in an inherent tradeoff between execution time and emulation uncertainties. We also find that emulators with uncertainties smaller than observational uncertainties are able to recover accurate posteriors for most parameters without a significant increase in catastrophic outliers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that small architectures can produce flux residuals that have significant correlations, which can create dangerous systematic errors in colors. Finally, we show that the distributions chosen for generating training sets can have a large effect on an emulator’s ability to accurately fit rare objects. Selecting the optimal architecture and training set for an emulator will minimize the computational requirements for fitting near-future large-scale galaxy surveys. We release our emulators on GitHub (http://github.com/elijahmathews/MathewsEtAl2023).
Formation Mechanism of Laser-driven Magnetized “Pillars of Creation”
Authors: Lei Zhu , Wang Lifeng , Li Jiwei , Zou Shiyang , Wu Junfeng , Zhao Zhonghai , Sun Wei , Yuan Wenqiang , Li Longxing , Yan Zheng , Li Jun , Ye Wenhua , He Xiantu , Qiao Bin
Published: August 2023

The Pillars of Creation, one of the most recognized objects in the sky, are believed to be associated with the formation of young stars. However, so far, the formation and maintenance mechanism of the pillars are still not fully understood due to the complexity of the nonlinear radiation magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD). Here, assuming laboratory laser-driven conditions, we studied the self-consistent dynamics of pillar structures in magnetic fields by means of two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) RMHD simulations, and the results support our proposed experimental scheme. We find that only when the magnetic pressure and ablation pressure are comparable, the magnetic field can significantly alter the plasma hydrodynamics. For medium-magnetized cases (β
initial ≈ 3.5), the initial magnetic fields undergo compression and amplification. This amplification results in the magnetic pressure inside the pillar becoming large enough to support the sides of the pillar against radial collapse due to pressure from the surrounding hot plasma. This effect is particularly pronounced for the parallel component (B

y
), which is consistent with observational results. In contrast, a strong perpendicular (B

x
, B

z
) magnetic field (β
initial < 1) almost retains its initial distribution and significantly suppresses the expansion of blown-off gas plasma, leading to the inability to form pillar-like structures. The 3D simulations suggest that the bending at the head of “Column I” in the Pillars of Creation may be due to nonparallel magnetic fields. After similarity scaling transformation, our results can be applied to explain the formation and maintenance mechanism of the pillars, and can also provide useful information for future experimental designs.
Isolating Dust and Free–Free Emission in ONC Proplyds with ALMA Band 3 Observations
Authors: Ballering Nicholas P. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Haworth Thomas J. , Bally John , Eisner Josh A. , Ginsburg Adam , Boyden Ryan D. , Fang Min , Kim Jinyoung Serena
Published: August 2023

The Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) hosts protoplanetary disks experiencing external photoevaporation by the cluster’s intense UV field. These “proplyds” are comprised of a disk surrounded by an ionization front. We present ALMA Band 3 (3.1 mm) continuum observations of 12 proplyds. Thermal emission from the dust disks and free–free emission from the ionization fronts are both detected, and the high-resolution (0.″057) of the observations allows us to spatially isolate these two components. The morphology is unique compared to images at shorter (sub)millimeter wavelengths, which only detect the disks, and images at longer centimeter wavelengths, which only detect the ionization fronts. The disks are small (r

d
= 6.4–38 au), likely due to truncation by ongoing photoevaporation. They have low spectral indices (α ≲ 2.1) measured between Bands 7 and 3, suggesting the dust emission is optically thick. They harbor tens of Earth masses of dust as computed from the millimeter flux using the standard method although their true masses may be larger due to the high optical depth. We derive their photoevaporative mass-loss rates in two ways: first, by invoking ionization equilibrium and second, by using the brightness of the free–free emission to compute the density of the outflow. We find decent agreement between these measurements and

M

̇

= 0.6–18.4 × 10−7
M
⊙ yr−1. The photoevaporation timescales are generally shorter than the ∼1 Myr age of the ONC, underscoring the known “proplyd lifetime problem.” Disk masses that are underestimated due to being optically thick remains one explanation to ease this discrepancy.
Technical Constraints on Interstellar Interferometry and Spatially Resolving the Pulsar Magnetosphere
Authors: Popov M. V. , Bartel N. , Andrianov A. S. , Burgin M. S. , Fadeev E. N. , Rudnitskiy A. G. , Smirnova T. V. , Soglasnov V. A. , Zuga V. A.
Published: August 2023

Scintillation of pulsar radio signals caused by the interstellar medium can in principle be used for interstellar interferometry. Changes in the dynamic spectra as a function of pulsar longitude were in the past interpreted as having spatially resolved the pulsar magnetosphere. Guided by this prospect we used very long baseline interferometry observations of PSR B1237+25 with the Arecibo and Green Bank radio telescopes at 324 MHz and analyzed such scintillation at separate longitudes of the pulse profile. We found that the fringe phase characteristics of the visibility function changed quasi-sinusoidally as a function of longitude. Also, the dynamic spectra from each of the telescopes shifted in frequency as a function of longitude. Similar effects were found for PSR B1133+16. However, we show that these effects are not signatures of having resolved the pulsar magnetosphere. Instead, the changes can be related to the effect of low-level digitizing of the pulsar signal. After correcting for these effects the frequency shifts largely disappeared. Residual effects may be partly due to feed polarization impurities. Upper limits for the pulse emission altitudes of PSR B1237+25 would likely be well below the pulsar light cylinder radius. In view of our analysis, we think that observations with the intent of spatially resolving the pulsar magnetosphere need to be critically evaluated in terms of these constraints on interstellar interferometry.
Cosmology with One Galaxy? The ASTRID Model and Robustness
Authors: Echeverri-Rojas Nicolas , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Chawak Chaitanya , Ni Yueying , Hahn ChangHoon , Hernández-Martínez Elena , Teyssier Romain , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Dolag Klaus , Castro Tiago
Published: August 2023

Recent work has pointed out the potential existence of a tight relation between the cosmological parameter Ωm, at fixed Ωb, and the properties of individual galaxies in state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. In this paper, we investigate whether such a relation also holds for galaxies from simulations run with a different code that makes use of a distinct subgrid physics: Astrid. We also find that in this case, neural networks are able to infer the value of Ωm with a ∼10% precision from the properties of individual galaxies, while accounting for astrophysics uncertainties, as modeled in Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning (CAMELS). This tight relationship is present at all considered redshifts, z ≤ 3, and the stellar mass, the stellar metallicity, and the maximum circular velocity are among the most important galaxy properties behind the relation. In order to use this method with real galaxies, one needs to quantify its robustness: the accuracy of the model when tested on galaxies generated by codes different from the one used for training. We quantify the robustness of the models by testing them on galaxies from four different codes: IllustrisTNG, SIMBA, Astrid, and Magneticum. We show that the models perform well on a large fraction of the galaxies, but fail dramatically on a small fraction of them. Removing these outliers significantly improves the accuracy of the models across simulation codes.
A Tale of Two Disks: Mapping the Milky Way with the Final Data Release of APOGEE
Authors: Imig Julie , Price Cathryn , Holtzman Jon A. , Stone-Martinez Alexander , Majewski Steven R. , Weinberg David H. , Johnson Jennifer A. , Allende Prieto Carlos , Beaton Rachael L. , Beers Timothy C. , Bizyaev Dmitry , Blanton Michael R. , Brownstein Joel R. , Cunha Katia , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Feuillet Diane K. , Hasselquist Sten , Hayes Christian R. , Jönsson Henrik , Lane Richard R. , Lian Jianhui , Mészáros Szabolcs , Nidever David L. , Robin Annie C. , Shetrone Matthew , Smith Verne , Wilson John C.
Published: August 2023

We present new maps of the Milky Way disk showing the distribution of metallicity ([Fe/H]), α-element abundances ([Mg/Fe]), and stellar age, using a sample of 66,496 red giant stars from the final data release (DR17) of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey. We measure radial and vertical gradients, quantify the distribution functions for age and metallicity, and explore chemical clock relations across the Milky Way for the low-α disk, high-α disk, and total population independently. The low-α disk exhibits a negative radial metallicity gradient of −0.06 ± 0.001 dex kpc−1, which flattens with distance from the midplane. The high-α disk shows a flat radial gradient in metallicity and age across nearly all locations of the disk. The age and metallicity distribution functions shift from negatively skewed in the inner Galaxy to positively skewed at large radius. Significant bimodality in the [Mg/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane and in the [Mg/Fe]–age relation persist across the entire disk. The age estimates have typical uncertainties of ∼0.15 in log(age) and may be subject to additional systematic errors, which impose limitations on conclusions drawn from this sample. Nevertheless, these results act as critical constraints on galactic evolution models, constraining which physical processes played a dominant role in the formation of the Milky Way disk. We discuss how radial migration predicts many of the observed trends near the solar neighborhood and in the outer disk, but an additional more dramatic evolution history, such as the multi-infall model or a merger event, is needed to explain the chemical and age bimodality elsewhere in the Galaxy.
Survey of X-Rays from Massive Stars Observed at High Spectral Resolution with Chandra
Authors: Pradhan Pragati , Huenemoerder David P. , Ignace Richard , Nichols Joy S. , Pollock A. M. T.
Published: August 2023

Identifying trends between observational data and the range of physical parameters of massive stars is a critical step to the still-elusive full understanding of the source, structure, and evolution of X-ray emission from the stellar winds, requiring a substantial sample size and systematic analysis methods. As of 2022, the Chandra data archive contains 37 high-resolution spectra of O, B, and WR stars, observed with the Chandra/HETGS, and of sufficient quality to fit the continua and emission-line profiles. Using a systematic approach to the data analysis, we explore morphological trends in the line profiles (i.e., O, Ne, Mg, and Si) and find that the centroid offsets of resolved lines versus wavelength can be separated in three empirically defined groups based on the amount of line broadening and centroid offset. Using Fe xvii (15.01, 17.05 Å) and Ne x
α (12.13 Å) lines, which are prevalent among the sample stars, we find a well-correlated linear trend of increasing Full Width Half Maximum with faster wind terminal velocity. The H-like/He-like total line flux ratio for strong lines displays different trends with spectral class depending on ion species. Some of the sources in our sample have peculiar properties (e.g., magnetic and γ Cas-analog stars) and we find that these sources stand out as outliers from more regular trends. Finally, our spectral analysis is presented summarily in terms of X-ray spectral energy distributions in specific luminosity for each source, including tables of line identifications and fluxes.
Cold Solar Flares. I. Microwave Domain
Authors: Lysenko Alexandra L. , White Stephen M. , Zhdanov Dmitry A. , Meshalkina Nataliia S. , Altyntsev Aleksander T. , Motorina Galina G. , Fleishman Gregory D.
Published: August 2023

We identify a set of ∼100 “cold” solar flares and perform a statistical analysis of them in the microwave range. Cold flares are characterized by a weak thermal response relative to nonthermal emission. This work is a follow-up of a previous statistical study of cold flares, which focused on hard X-ray emission to quantify the flare nonthermal component. Here, we focus on the microwave emission. The thermal response is evaluated by the soft X-ray emission measured by the GOES X-ray sensors. We obtain spectral parameters of the flare gyrosynchrotron emission and reveal patterns of their temporal evolution. The main results of the previous statistical study are confirmed: as compared to a “mean” flare, the cold flares have shorter durations, higher spectral peak frequencies, and harder spectral indices above the spectral peak. Nonetheless, there are some cold flares with moderate and low peak frequencies. In the majority of cold flares, we find evidence of the Razin effect in the microwave spectra, indicative of rather dense flaring loops. We discuss the results in the context of the electron acceleration efficiency.
Observational Analysis of Lyα Emission in Equivalent-magnitude Solar Flares
Authors: Greatorex Harry J. , Milligan Ryan O. , Chamberlin Phillip C.
Published: August 2023

The chromospheric Lyα line of neutral hydrogen (1216 Å) is the most intense emission line in the solar spectrum, yet until recently observations of flare-related Lyα emission have been scarce. Here, we examine the relationship between nonthermal electrons accelerated during the impulsive phase of three M3 flares that were co-observed by RHESSI, GOES, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory, and the corresponding response of the chromosphere in Lyα. Despite having identical X-ray magnitudes, these flares showed significantly different Lyα responses. The peak Lyα enhancements above the quiescent background for these flares were 1.5%, 3.3%, and 6.4%. However, the predicted Lyα enhancements from FISM2 were consistently <2.5%. By comparing the properties of the nonthermal electrons derived from spectral analysis of hard X-ray observations, flares with a “harder” spectral index were found to produce a greater Lyα enhancement. The percentage of nonthermal energy radiated by the Lyα line during the impulsive phase was found to range from 2.0% to 7.9%. Comparatively, the radiative losses in He ii (304 Å) were found to range from 0.6% to 1.4% of the nonthermal energy while displaying enhancements above the background of 7.3% to 10.8%. FISM2 was also found to underestimate the level of He ii emission in two of the three flares. These results may have implications for space weather studies and for modeling the response of the terrestrial atmosphere to changes in the solar irradiance, and will guide the interpretation of flare-related Lyα observations that will become available during Solar Cycle 25.
Modeling Star Formation Histories of Post Starburst Galaxies with BAGPIPES
Authors: Crocker Dasha L. , French K. Decker , Tripathi Akshat , Verrico Margaret E.
Published: August 2023

Post-starburst galaxies provide insights into quenching mechanisms. While these galaxies show signs of quiescence, obtaining accurate star formation rates (SFRs) is difficult. This research uses BAGPIPES, a Bayesian spectrum-fitting code, to obtain model spectra of 13 galaxies. From these models, we calculate SFRs over 10 and 100 Myr durations. We compare these SFRs to published Hα and total infrared (TIR) SFRs to examine biases in these measurements. We find that the BAGPIPES-inferred 10, 100 Myr SFRs are comparable with Hα and TIR traced SFRs, respectively, with longer-duration tracers showing systematically higher SFRs.
Exploring Martian Magnetic Fields with a Helicopter
Authors: Mittelholz Anna , Heagy Lindsey , Johnson Catherine L. , Bapst Jonathan , Espley Jared , Fraeman Abigail A. , Langlais Benoit , Lillis Robert , Rapin William
Published: August 2023

The era of helicopter-based surveys on Mars has already begun, creating opportunities for future aerial science investigations with a range of instruments. We argue that magnetometer-based studies can make use of aerial technology to answer some of the key questions regarding early Mars evolution. As such, we discuss mission concepts for a helicopter equipped with a magnetometer on Mars, measurements it would provide, and survey designs that could be implemented. For a range of scenarios, we build magnetization models and test how well structures can be resolved using a range of different inversion approaches. With this work, we provide modeling ground work and recommendations to plan the future of aerial Mars exploration.
MIR Spectra and Analysis of Jovian Trojan Asteroids
Authors: Martin Audrey C. , Emery Joshua P.
Published: August 2023

Jovian Trojan asteroids make up a large group of primitive bodies that populate Jupiter's L4 and L5 Lagrange points. The Trojans’ dynamics and composition carry insight into the formation mechanisms that shaped our solar system. Mid-infrared (MIR; 5–35 μm) spectra of Trojans exhibit puzzling silicate emission features, like spectra of optically thin comet comae, which may be interpreted as “fluffy” regoliths. By understanding the physical properties of the regolith (e.g., particle size and regolith porosity), more accurate compositional interpretations can be made. Here we show 14 Spitzer Space Telescope MIR spectra of Trojans and their compositional makeup. Through parameterization of spectral features and comparison to laboratory and remote-sensing spectra, the results show that the Trojans have highly porous regoliths of fine-particulate crystalline (forsterite, enstatite, and possibly a small amount of fayalite and diopside) and amorphous silicates. These results are consistent with a primordial Kuiper Belt origin.
Microwave Observations of Venus with CLASS
Authors: Dahal Sumit , Brewer Michael K. , Akins Alex B. , Appel John W. , Bennett Charles L. , Bustos Ricardo , Cleary Joseph , Couto Jullianna D. , Datta Rahul , Eimer Joseph , Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Iuliano Jeffrey , Li 李 Yunyang 云炀 , Marriage Tobias A. , Núñez Carolina , Petroff Matthew A. , Reeves Rodrigo , Rostem Karwan , Shi 时 Rui 瑞 , Valle Deniz A. N. , Watts Duncan J. , Weiland Janet L. , Wollack Edward J. , Xu 徐 Zhilei 智磊
Published: August 2023

We report on the disk-averaged absolute brightness temperatures of Venus measured at four microwave frequency bands with the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor. We measure temperatures of 432.3 ± 2.8, 355.6 ± 1.3, 317.9 ± 1.7, and 294.7 ± 1.9 K for frequency bands centered at 38.8, 93.7, 147.9, and 217.5 GHz, respectively. We do not observe any dependence of the measured brightness temperatures on solar illumination for all four frequency bands. A joint analysis of our measurements with lower-frequency Very Large Array observations suggests relatively warmer (∼7 K higher) mean atmospheric temperatures and lower abundances of microwave continuum absorbers than those inferred from prior radio occultation measurements.
Evaluation of the relationship between insulin resistance and 8-iso prostaglandin levels in obesity children
Authors: Demirhan Ilter , Oner Erkan , Kurutas Ergul Belge
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The rising rate of childhood obesity and the serious health problems it causes are gaining increasing attention in medical research and health policy.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance and the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α levels in obese children.

Materials and methods: Forty-four children in total (21 boys and 23 girls) aged between 6 and 15 years and diagnosed with obesity who attended the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit between December 2020 and June 21 were enrolled in our study. Forty children (20 boys and 20 girls) without systemic diseases were selected as controls. From the percentile curves determined for Turkish children, percentile values of obese children and control group were calculated based on sex and age. In addition, the insulin resistance values (HOMA-IR) in the homeostasis model were calculated. The relationship between the variables was examined with the Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Children between the 5th and 85th percentile were defined as the control group, and those above the 95th percentile were defined as the obese group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (glucose), insulin, and 8-iso-PGF2α concentrations were measured in all children included in the study.

Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p<0.05). Glucose, triglyceride, insulin, 8-iso-PGF2α and HOMA-IR levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in obese children than the levels in the control group (p<0.05). In addition, significant positive correlations were found between insulin levels and glucose, triglyceride and HOMA-IR values in obese patients (p<0.05). In obese children, 8-iso-PGF2α concentrations were found to be statistically significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.01). ROC analysis had a good diagnostic value for 8-iso-PGF2α where the area under the curve was 1.0. A direct, positive, statistically significant correlation was found between insulin resistance and the 8-iso-PGF2α values (r=0.420, p=0.037).

Conclusions: 8-iso-PGF2α concentrations were found to be higher in obese children than in the control group. It was observed that increased insulin resistance raised 8-iso-PGF2α levels. 8-iso-PGF2α is thought to be particularly important for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, with 99% sensitivity and specificity.
White-coat hypertension in pregnant women: risk factors, pregnancy outcomes, and biomarkers
Authors: Chulkov Vasilii S. , Nikolenko Ekaterina , Chulkov Vladislav , Podzolko Anastasia
Published: August 2023

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a worldwide health problem for women. They cause complications in up to 10% of pregnancies and are associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Traditional blood pressure measurement in clinical practice is the most commonly used procedure for diagnosing and monitoring hypertension treatment, but it is prone to significant inaccuracies caused, on the one hand, by the inherent variability of blood pressure and, on the other, by errors arising from measurement technique and conditions. Some studies have demonstrated a better estimate of the prognosis for the development of cardiovascular diseases using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. We can detect white-coat hypertension using this method, which helps to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment in many cases, and we can also detect masked hypertension, which helps to avoid underdiagnosis and a lack of prescribed treatment if needed. White-coat hypertension is not a benign condition – it has been shown to be associated with higher risks of developing preeclampsia, preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age babies. In this regard, it is extremely important for clinicians to be aware of the risk factors and outcomes associated with this condition. Pregnant women should be medically monitored both during pregnancy and after delivery to detect target organ damage, cardiovascular risk factors, or a metabolic syndrome.
A new species of the genus Alainites Waltz & McCafferty, 1994 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from the north of Morocco
Authors: El Alami Majida , Vuataz Laurent , El Yaagoubi Sara , Gattolliat Jean-Luc
Published: August 2023

A new species of Alainites is described from northern of Morocco Alainites albaisp. nov. It can be separated from the other west Palearctic species by the gill number, the spination of the distal margin of tergites, the leg setation, and the paraproct shape and spination. This species is widespread in the study area but never abundant. It prefers small to medium streams with slow flow, and does not seem to be very sensitive to pollution and water logging activities.
Role of cardiac imaging in management of heart failure
Authors: Kim So Ree , Park Seong-Mi
Published: August 2023

The significant advancement in cardiac imaging in recent years led to improved diagnostic accuracy in identifying the specific causes of heart failure and also provided physicians with guidelines for appropriately managing patients with heart failure. Diseases that were once considered rare are now more easily detected with the aid of cardiac imaging. Various cardiac imaging techniques are used to evaluate patients with heart failure, and each technique plays a distinct yet complementary role. This review aimed to discuss the comprehensive role of different types of cardiac imaging in the management of heart failure.
Effect of Training on the Ability of Nurses to Provide Humanistic Care: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Jian-xin , Chang Rui , Du Jian-qing , He Min
Published: August 2023

Background:

This article describes a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness of training on the humanistic care abilities of nurses.

Method:

The literature search was conducted in electronic databases to identify studies that evaluated the effect of training on the humanistic care abilities of nurses. Study selection was based on precise eligibility criteria. After the systematic review, a meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (
SMDs
) between posttraining and pretraining humanistic care scale scores was performed to evaluate the effect of training.

Results:

A total of 11 studies were included (624 nurse participants; 97% women; weighted average age = 38.4 years; 95% confidence interval (CI) [31.5, 45.4]). Training schedules varied and ranged from a full-day workshop to brief weekly sessions for up to 2 months. The training framework involved compassion and empathy communication in most of the included studies. Training improved the humanistic care scale scores of the participants (S
MD
= 1.171; 95% CI [0.626, 1.716];
p
< .0001), whereas no significant change was seen in the scores of control subjects (S
MD
= 0.588; 95% CI [−0.536, 1.713];
p
= .305). The effect of training was observable for up to 1 year, although few studies carried out follow-up evaluations.

Conclusion:

Training has the potential to improve the humanistic care abilities of nurses.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2023;54(9):430–436.]
Vitreous Hemorrhage in Pediatric Patients With X-Linked Retinoschisis: Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: da Cruz Natasha F. S. , Sengillo Jesse D. , Al-Khersan Hasenin , Negron Catherin I. , Felder Marley B. , Patel Nimesh A. , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To report the management and outcomes of vitreous hemorrhage in pediatric patients with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS).

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective case series of pediatric patients with XLRS with vitreous hemorrhage between January 2000 and January 2022 at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute.

Results:

Nine patients (12 eyes) met inclusion criteria. The average age at presentation was 5.75 years and mean follow-up time was 6 years. All eyes (58.3%) that underwent fluorescein angiography exhibited peripheral capillary dropout. Six of 12 eyes (50%) were observed without intervention. Four of 12 eyes (33.3%) underwent intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and 2 (16.6%) underwent vitreoretinal surgery. Seven of 12 eyes (58.3%) had documented recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage during follow-up. All retinas were attached and had clear media at final follow-up.

Conclusion:

Fluorescein angiography is a helpful tool to evaluate the vascular phenotype in XLRS. Favorable anatomic outcomes were noted in this cohort, but recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage was common.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2023;54:513–518.]
Lowering the Incidence of Endophthalmitis Following Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injection: An Analysis of Aseptic Protocol Adjustment
Authors: Uner Ogul E. , Lee Diana , Horesh Remington , Jewart Brian , Seebruck Christopher
Published: August 2023

Background and Objective:

The impact of anti-sepsis-anesthesia sequence in intravitreal injection (IVI)-associated endophthalmitis is unknown. We compared outcomes of patients who had 10% topical povidone-iodine before or after 2% topical lidocaine gel during IVIs.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective study of IVIs in nine clinical sites was undertaken. Group 1 had lidocaine gel applied first. This protocol was changed on March 1, 2020, with Group 2 having povidone-iodine applied first. Visual and micro-biological outcomes were compared.

Results:

Among 72 cases (0.07%) from 102,908 IVIs, Group 1 had 59 cases from 65,307 IVI (0.09%) and Group 2 had 13 cases from 37,601 IVI (0.03%;
P
= 0.001). There was no significant difference in the best-corrected visual acuity between groups. Highly virulent bacteria were predominantly isolated in Group 1, but proportions of gram-positive bacterial growth were similar.

Conclusions:

Application of povidone-iodine before lidocaine gel, compared to after, significantly decreased rate of IVI endophthalmitis, with no significant changes in visual and microbiological outcomes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2023;54:520–525.]