bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Burnout Among Nurses Working in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaosebikan Samson Olusina , Salawu Rasidi Akinade
Published: September 2022

Burnout is considered to be the challenges that have made the life of workers unbearable especially with respect to healthcare professionals. Therefore, this research is aimed at examining factors influencing burnout among nurses working in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals complex, Osun State, Nigeria. The research adopted a quantitative descriptive survey research design. The sample size of 280 was determined by Taro’s formular. A self-structured questionnaire was validated and was used to collect data. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The result shows that most of the respondents (84.4%) were affected by the burnout because majority of them agreed that the burnout can occur as a result of increased work load with a mean score of 4.80. Majority also claimed that poor remuneration could contribute to burnout since they are likely to have little or nothing to show for their consistent exhaustion, these respondents have a mean value of 4.30. Overall, the mean score of burnout of the respondents was 4.44. This implies that most of the respondents were moderately affected by the burnout among nurses. Further results on the hypotheses shows that there was a positive and low correlation between work-related factors and environmental factors influencing burn out among nurses (r=.377, p<0.0.01). Also, there was a positive and low correlation between work related factors and personal factors influencing burn out among nurses (r=.329, p<0.0.01). The research concluded work-related, personal and environmental factors were established as strong factors contributing to the effect of burnout among nurses. It is recommended that government agencies and medical practitioners should device ways by which burnout can be prevented among employees.
Assessment of Patients’ Satisfaction with Nursing Care in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: AGBONJINMI Lawrence Adewale , AYORINDE Adebola Margaret , GBENGA-EPEBINU Mary Ayodeji
Published: September 2022

Patient satisfaction has become an established outcome indicator of the quality and the efficiency of the health care systems. Patient satisfaction with nursing services is considered the most important factor in the moulding of the overall patient satisfaction with hospital services, and reflects the ability of the provider to meet the patients’ needs. This study therefore sought to investigate patients’ satisfaction with rendered nursing care and services in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. This study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study population were in-patients who have spent at least one night on admission in Medical, Surgical, Obstetrics and Gynaecology wards. Convenient non-probability sampling technique was used in recruiting the 151 respondents of this study. The instrument for data collection was a pretested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire consisting of 4 Sections (A-D). The instrument was validated through face and content validity by experts in Nursing Science and Tests and Measurement. Test re-test method was used to establish the reliability of the instrument while the reliability coefficient value of 0.827 was derived after subjecting the data collected to Pearson’s Moment Correlation Statistics. The questionnaires were distributed by the researcher conveniently to inpatients of the selected wards. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected. The findings revealed that Majority (93%) of the patients showed excellent satisfaction with the quality of nursing care received, and have positive perception (83.9%) and suitable experiences with nursing care (62.4%) during their stay on the wards. It was recommended among others that patients’ opinion for improving quality of nursing care should be taken into considerations to improve the quality of nursing care.
Challenges with Electronic Documentation Among Nurses in Public Hospitals in Lagos Island
Authors: Ogbeide Olabisi Tope , Nwaomah Esther Esobuneta , Nwabudike Enifome , Akingbade Oluwadamilare
Published: September 2022

This study determined the challenges with electronic documentation among nurses in public hospitals in Lagos Island. The study specifically assessed the nurses’ reported experience with Electronic Documentation and determined challenges accompanying the implementation of Electronic Documentation. A descriptive survey was adopted for this study. Study population was total of 381 nurses from across the three hospitals that are actively involved in the implementation of EHR in their clinical practice during the period of data collection. Cochran formula was adopted to get the final sample size of 222. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. Reliability of the instrument was done using test re-test method. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to compute the reliability coefficient which yielded values of 0.801 and 0.749 for section B and C respectively. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages were used to analysed the collected data. This result reveals that more than half (57.3%) of the study population rated the quality of experience had with electronic documentation as mainly positive while 36.3% expressed positive quality of experience. In addition, half (50%) of the respondents claimed to have faced minimal challenges with electronic documentation, closely followed by 36.8% of them who had experienced moderate challenges. This study identified various barriers to electronic documentation such as type of users’ experience, need for training of nurses, need of user-friendly interface, funding, communication, and feedback among others. It was recommended among others that hospital management should create viable feedbacks channels for better understanding of challenges with the implementation of EHR to facilitate prompt interventions.
The Efficacy of Health Realization/Innate Health Psycho-education For Individuals With Eating Disorders: Pilot Study
Authors: FELİX Francis
Published: September 2022

Eating disorders are associated with high rates of mortality, disability, and poor motivation for change. Psychological therapies are the first line treatment, yet outcomes are poor, and drop- out rates high. Health Realization/Innate Health (HR/IH) psycho-education offers an alternative intervention which can be delivered in groups engaging participants’ innate capacity for well- being and resilience. Eight female participants with anorexia nervosa (mean age 27.75, SD 14.34) from the CONNECT Eating Disorders Service, United Kingdom attended and completed a 15 session HR/IH psycho-educational group facilitated by two HR/IH trained therapists in this pre-experimental, multiple single-case design pilot study. Standard general psychiatric and eating disorders clinical outcome measures were administered immediately before and after the group, and the quantitative data compared using SPSS. Qualitative feedback was gathered using a feedback questionnaire immediately after the group. Comparison of quantitative data indicated statistically significant improvement in participants’ weight (p=0.04), body mass index (BMI; p=0.04), and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ) global mean score (p=0.04). Clinically significant positive changes were also noted for Rosenberg’s Self- Esteem Scale (pre-mean=8.8; post-mean=11.9), Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE; pre-mean=1.6; post-mean=1.4), and Eating Disorders Quality of Life Scale (EDQLS; pre-mean=2.0; post-mean=1.4). High levels of participant and carer satisfaction and acceptability were also demonstrated. The HR/IH psycho-educational approach warrants further study as a brief intervention for adults with eating disorders.
The Moderator Role of Spirituality on the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: GİREYHAN Alzira G.
Published: September 2022

This study aims to investigate the relationship between fear of the COVID-19 Pandemic and psychological well-being in Turkey, by concentrating on spirituality as a moderator role. Keeping in mind Turkey’s religious and spiritual beliefs, and with the pandemic, the relationship between spirituality, fear of COVID-19 and well-being, needs to be discussed. It is hypothesized that the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and psychological well-being will be moderated by individuals’ spirituality. The survey method was used, and online data was gathered by a snowballing sample. The total of the sampling group consisted of 473 participants. In the analysis process, Process Macro v3.5 was used for moderation analysis. The findings indicate that spirituality has a moderator role on the model, especially when the spiritality of individuals’ was at a high or medium level. The results indicate that there is a moderator role of spirituality between the relationship of fear of COVID-19 and well-being, and it was so among individuals who have medium to high spirituality. The importance of the findings are discussed.
Towards a Christian Psychology or Cure of Souls
Authors: BENDECK SOTİLLOS Samuel
Published: September 2022

The Enlightenment project took root in the modern West. It was not a natural outgrowth of Christianity but, rather, a repudiation of its sacred tenets. Prior to the gradual secular trajectory of the West, the Christian tradition shared a common metaphysical understanding of reality with other spiritual traditions of the world. It is this sacred epistemology that provides a unitive understanding of the human being and a psychology or “science of the soul” that integrally connects the person to the Divine. The development of modern Western psychology as a distinct discipline is due to the European Enlightenment and its desacralization and reductionism, which is its inescapable legacy that it still has not come to terms with. Paradoxically, psychology is the study of the psyche or soul, yet its science denies the existence of Spirit and therefore it cannot be an authentic psychology. In fact, in the Middle Ages we nd the Latin expression cura animarum, or “cure of souls,” which conveys the integration of spirituality and psychology, always situating the human psyche within the spiritual domain that transcends and includes it.
Spirituality as Part of the Whole: Gestalt Therapy’s View of Spirituality
Authors: BOYALI Cem
Published: September 2022

In contrast to the positivist perspective, which disregards the individual’s spiritual beliefs and needs, many contemporary psychological counseling approaches view spirituality as an essential part of the individual. Rather than ignoring these religious and spiritual dimensions, psychological counseling approaches now include them as part of the integrity of the individual and therapeutic processes. Gestalt therapy, whose development was pioneered by figures like Fritz Perls, Laura Perls, and Paul Goodman, aims to help clients achieve wholeness by gaining awareness of the here and now. Influenced by psychoanalysis, Gestalt psychology, existential philosophy, phenomenology, field theory, psychodrama, Eastern religions, and spirituality, Gestalt therapy evaluates the client as a whole on the premise that the whole is not the sum of its parts, but rather the fine coordination of all of them. This study assesses Gestalt therapy’s perspective on spirituality, the relationship between the basic concepts of Gestalt therapy and spirituality, and the application of spirituality in Gestalt therapy within this holistic framework.
Religion and Spirituality in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
Authors: ÖZKAPU Yakup
Published: September 2022

Solution-focused brief therapy, developed in the late 1970s by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg with their colleagues, is a forward-looking approach to therapy that focuses on solutions rather than problems and aims to bring about a remarkable change in people’s lives in a short period of time. There are indications that the spiritual/religious dimension of people can be taken seriously in solution-focused brief therapy, which is based on the social constructivist approach in which knowledge is constructed through interaction with others and the postmodernist view that knowledge is a subjective phenomenon. The flexible and deeply respectful perspective that the approach takes, based on the client’s point of view and the therapist’s position, encourages gaining a comprehensive understanding of the client’s worldview. Based on its content, the client’s spirituality can be understood and integrated into the therapy rather than biasing it, thereby creating a favorable environment for intercultural and spiritual counseling practices. This paper examines solution-focused brief therapy, particularly its postmodernist philosophical foundations, assumptions, and principles, and the therapeutic process and techniques based on these in terms of spirituality.
A Review of the Relationship Between Individual Psychology and Spirituality
Authors: ÜNVERDİ Büşra
Published: September 2022

Individual psychology is a theory developed by Alfred Adler that significantly contributed to the psychology literature both in theory and practice. Spirituality, on the other hand, is an area that cannot be ignored in human life. This article reviews the perspective of individual psychology on spirituality, its relationship with spirituality, how it makes spiritual assessments, and how it can be used with clients with a spiritual/ religious orientation. The review considers both Adler’s own texts and articles by later researchers who adopted his theoretical orientation. Individual psychology evaluates each individual by considering their own phenomenological field. It therefore does not ignore clients’ spiritual/religious dimensions in the counseling process and accepts that spirituality has an important place in the life of individuals. Given that spirituality has a structure that supports well-being, hope, and insight while providing an important coping mechanism, Adler’s inclusion of spirituality in his theory is clearly important. The case examples included in the article also support this and reveal in general terms how individual psychology handles and assesses spirituality during counseling.
Dealing with Large Gaps in Asteroseismic Time Series
Authors: Bedding Timothy R. , Kjeldsen Hans
Published: September 2022

With long data sets available for asteroseismology from space missions, it is sometimes necessary to deal with time series that have large gaps. This is becoming particularly relevant for TESS, which is revisiting many fields on the sky every two years. Because solar-like oscillators have finite mode lifetimes, it has become tempting to close large gaps by shifting time stamps. Using actual data from the Kepler Mission, we show that this results in artificial structures in the power spectrum that compromise the measurements of mode frequencies and linewidths.
De l’ open banking à l’ open finance
Authors: Beau Denis
Published: September 2022

Le développement de l’ open finance après celui de l’ open banking est un défi pour les marchés financiers, les régulateurs et les banques centrales. Ces mutations en cours permettent d’envisager des services financiers encore plus accessibles, efficaces et innovants, en même temps qu’elles soulèvent de nouveaux défis tant pour les acteurs de marché que pour les pouvoirs publics. Face à un foisonnement de nouvelles infrastructures qui ne seraient plus opérables entre elles, le risque est celui d’une fragmentation du marché et de la liquidité. Les solutions passent par des réglementations qui incitent à la coopération entre les acteurs privés en complément de l’action des pouvoirs publics pour établir un cadre réglementaire lisible, proportionné, mais aussi suffisamment souple pour tenir compte des évolutions rapides du marché et de l’innovation. Les acteurs institutionnels peuvent jouer un rôle de catalyseur des initiatives privées en matière de standardisation. La concurrence doit aussi permettre une montée en qualité des API – on parle d’API premium. Un programme d’expérimentations de nouvelles technologies est lancé à la Banque de France. Ces expérimentations montrent notamment qu’une MNBC (monnaie numérique de banque centrale) interbancaire permettrait de maintenir mais aussi de promouvoir la monnaie de banque centrale comme actif de règlement le plus sûr et le plus liquide, tout en l’adaptant à l’évolution de la demande et éviter ainsi la fragmentation des actifs de règlement. Classification JEL : E42, E50, E58, G01, G21
Waiting for cataract intervention for people with curable blindness: Lived experiences
Authors: Sitole Buyiswa M. , Obioha Emeka
Published: September 2022

Background: People living with curable blindness (PWCB) in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape province wait for long periods of time to access cataract surgical interventions. They wait for periods exceeding eight months, while they are unable to take proper care of themselves. Family caregivers must adapt their lives and accommodate the needs of the incapacitated person.Aim: To explore and describe the experiences of PWCB awaiting surgical intervention and their family caregivers in the Oliver Reginald (OR) Tambo District of the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Setting: The study was conducted in the OR Tambo District communities in the Eastern Cape.Methods: The study followed a descriptive phenomenological design to study the experiences of PWCB and their family caregivers. A purposive sampling approach was used to select the district, referral hospital, households and participants. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. Tesch’s thematic method of analysis was used to code data into themes and subthemes.Results: Findings of the in-depth interviews revealed two main themes and nine subthemes. The main themes were dependence on others and carrying the burden related to care for the afflicted individual. Theme 1 had six subthemes: (1.1) personal care and household chores, (1.2) attending to health, (1.3) accessing public transport, (1. 4) lack of dignity, (1.5) taking care of own finances and (1.6) attending to spiritual needs. Theme 2 had three subthemes: (2.1) inconvenience, (2.2) impatience and (2.3) pity.Conclusion: People waiting for excessively long periods of time for surgical interventions cannot function independently, resulting in them becoming a burden to others in their family units.Contribution: The untold difficulties and stories of people living in deep rural areas, as brought to light in this study, represent a positive contribution to the overall body of knowledge.
Ancient Israelite conceptual system for heaven in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Lamprecht Adriaan
Published: September 2022

The traditional view reflected in biblical Hebrew dictionaries and textbooks that heaven is construed as a mere cultural experience became problematic in at least two ways: firstly, the extension of the grammatical expression found in the biblical Hebrew exemplars becomes conventionalised in such a way that the original construal no longer constrains how the biblical Hebrew speakers think about the experience; and secondly, this released consequence influences recent publications on heaven. Consequently, most modern publications on heaven construed heaven as a relative design. This study argues that such inhibited way of expressing heaven reduces the structural schematisation as construed in the Hebrew Bible. Methodologically, this study proposes an experientialist-embodied approach towards the conceptualisation of heaven. The result, in theory, is a more effective schematisation in which different semantic structures were employed to express the experience. This is then applied towards understanding the spatial image schema of up versus down in the Hebrew Bible and offers a vantage point from which to investigate the whole network of the biblical Hebrew spatial cognition.Contribution: This article contributes to the understanding of the ancient Israelite conceptual system for ‘heaven’ in the Hebrew Bible.
The role of religious commitment in Islamic teachings in social responsibility of Iraqi Muslims
Authors: Rohmad Rohmad , Ghazi Talib Saad , Aisyah Nur , A. Mutlak Dhameer , Ketut Acwin Dwijendra Ngakan , Thaeer Hammid Ali
Published: September 2022

Considering the changing face of today’s business environment and the importance of corporate social performance evaluation along with adherence to religious teachings, studies on how social organisations affect societies, mainly Islamic ones, have received much attention in recent years. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) here represents the wide variety of activities, volunteered by business owners and investors as the effective members of societies. In fact, it refers to the duties and responsibilities undertaken by organisations in order to maintain and help their affiliated societies. Adherence to religious components has been further introduced as one of the factors shaping the mode in which people interact in the workplace and social groups. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of religious commitment in social responsibility in Iraq as an Islamic nation. For this purpose, a total of 2500 Muslim employees, working in 75 service organisations (i.e. finance, accounting, insurance and education), were selected as the statistical population in 2022. The data were also collected by standardised questionnaires and then analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) software packages. The study results demonstrated that employees’ religious commitment could play a significant positive role in enhancing social responsibility in the organisations concerned (p = 0.28, t = 2.95).Contribution: The study results revealed that managers can take advantage of the positive outcomes of religious commitment in their affiliated organisations by strengthening its components in employees. The positive effects of bolstering religious commitment and social responsibility can thus attract more investors outside organisations and consequently meet employee satisfaction, which deserves greater emphasis in all societies, particularly Islamic ones.
Conceptual blending and the fulfilment quotation in Matthew 12:17–19
Authors: Mushayabasa Godwin
Published: September 2022

This article revisits the age-old question of the sources of Matthew’s fulfilment quotations (FQs), specifically Matthew 12:17–19. Despite the presence of numerous studies on this topic, this study was necessitated by the need to incorporate insights from conceptual blending in order to explore how the source(s) of the quote was used. In addition, this study was also done with a possible view to complementing the textual criticism of Old Testament (OT) texts which happen to be quoted or referred to in the New Testament (NT). The study dwells on intertestamental and cognitive linguistics studies. It was found that Matthew may have composed the Matthew 12:17–19 FQ, and possibly the other FQs as well, aided by conceptual integration mechanisms.Contribution: The source of Matthew’s quotation need not wholly be found in a specific historical text but should also include the cognitive operations in the author’s mind and intentions, thus resulting in a text that might not have existed in the form represented in the quotation.
Ports regulation in South Africa: An equitable tax rate approach
Authors: Fakir Mahesh , Chasomeris Mihalis G.
Published: September 2022

Orientation: The Ports Regulator of South Africa (PRSA) allows South Africa’s National Ports Authority (NPA) to use a rate of return pricing methodology called the Required Revenue (RR) model to annually apply for tariff increases.Research Purpose: This article compares the pass-through of corporate tax rate approach to the use of an equitable tax rate in the RR model from 2011 to 2017.Motivation for the study: From 2011 to 2017, the PRSA allowed the use of the pass-through of corporate tax rate (28%) approach in the RR model. However, from 2018 it applied an equitable tax rate approach. It can be argued that the equitable tax rate approach should have been used from 2011.Research design, approach and method: The calculation of the equitable tax rate uses Transnet’s annual segmental financial statements. The results are compared with the revenue results from the pass-through of the corporate tax rate approach.Main findings: Applying the equitable tax rate (15.73%) as opposed to a pass-through tax rate (28%), the NPA revenue would have been R2.6 billion (US$187m) lower, a substantial saving for port users.Practical/managerial implications: Continuing to apply this equitable tax rate approach could result in future annual savings of about R500m (US$36m) for port users if the NPA remains a division. However, if the NPA is incorporated as a subsidiary, then the original pass-through of corporate tax rate approach should resume.Contribution/value-add: Reports on the development of the equitable tax rate approach and its contribution to economic regulatory methodology.
Salient beliefs about modifiable risk behaviours among patients living with diabetes, hypertension or both: A qualitative formative study
Authors: Lutala Prosper , Nyasulu Peter , Muula Adamson
Published: September 2022

Background: Although there is evidence of the key role played by focusing on local knowledge in designing appropriate interventions regarding modifiable risk behaviours among patients living with diabetes and hypertension in Mangochi (and Malawi), little is known about local salient beliefs.Aim: With a focus on the theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical lens, this study aimed to identify salient beliefs about modifiable risk behaviours among patients with diabetes, hypertension or both in Mangochi, south-eastern Malawi. Specifically, the objectives were to identify advantages and disadvantages (behavioural salient beliefs), people who approve or disapprove (normative salient beliefs) and enablers and barriers (control salient beliefs) for measures to change modifiable risk behaviours among patients with diabetes, hypertension or both in Mangochi, Malawi.Setting: A hypertension diabetes clinic at Mangochi District Hospital, south-eastern Malawi.Methods: A formative qualitative study of a quasi-experimental trial was conducted among 25 patients, purposefully sampled, who were living with diabetes, hypertension or both at Mangochi District Hospital in February 2019. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with patients using an interview guide informed by the theory of planned behaviour’s elicitation interview guide. Thematic content analysis was used to identify emerging themes.Results: A total of 25 participants were recruited, of which 12 (48%) were living with diabetes. Five thematic areas emerged from this analysis: physical and psychological fitness, social disconnection, perceived support systems, perceived enablers and perceived barriers to change.Conclusion: Appropriate words for each salient belief were identified. Future researchers should use the identified salient beliefs when designing interventions based on the theory of planned behaviour in diabetes and hypertension.Contribution: The paper adds to the body of knowledge informing the use of theory of planned behavior in addressing modifiable risk factors among practitioners, specialists and academics in primary care and Family Medicine in the field of noncommunicable diseases in Mangochi Malawi and beyond.
Relationship between body composition and physical fitness of primary school learners from a predominantly rural province in South Africa
Authors: Gomwe Howard , Seekoe Eunice , Lyoka Philemon , Marange Chioneso , Mafa Denford
Published: September 2022

Background: There is a lack of literature regarding the relationship that exists between body composition and physical fitness amongst primary school learners in South Africa. For the sake of public health purposes, it is important to investigate how body composition relates to physical fitness amongst primary school learners in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition and physical fitness amongst South African primary school children.Setting: The study was conducted on a cohort of primary school learners in the Eastern Cape province, which is a predominantly rural province in South Africa.Methods: A school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 870 primary schoolchildren aged 9–14 years. Body composition and physical fitness measurements were measured and recorded using standardised measurement scales.Results: Of the 870 participants, 40.34% (n = 351) were boys and 59.66% (n = 519) were girls. The mean age of the participants was 11.04 ± 1.50 years. Boys had a significantly (p = 0.002) higher mean age (11.24 ±1.51 years) as compared to girls (10.91 ± 1.48 years). The results of the non-parametric Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients revealed several significant and negative relationships between physical fitness and body composition measurements, which were stronger in girls than in boys.Conclusion: The findings call for public health authorities and other relevant policymakers to initiate the development and implementation of policies and interventions targeted at encouraging physical activity participation and healthy lifestyle amongst primary school learners in South Africa, especially amongst girls.Contribution: The study findings supports a relatively rich literature which suggests that girls are more flexible than boys and that negative relationships between body composition measurements and physical fitness characteristics exists, which are stronger in girls than in boys.
Knowledge of final year undergraduate nursing students about HIV and AIDS in Eswatini
Authors: Dlamini Makhosazana C. , Thobakgale Ellen M. , Govender Indiran
Published: September 2022

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are overwhelming health issues globally. They have caused many devastating and draining health issues, which have escalated a critical need for a well-trained and sustainable healthcare workforce in order to meet the needs of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA). Health science students are the future healthcare providers who will implement proper preventive measures, as well as health educational and promotional sessions to promote information and knowledge among the public regarding HIV and AIDS in Eswatini.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 final-year undergraduate nursing students in three nursing universities in Eswatini. A questionnaire adapted from Othman and Ali in Malaysia with closed-ended questions was modified and used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the virus structure, transmission, prevention and management of HIV and AIDS. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was utilised to analyse the data.Results: The level of knowledge about HIV and AIDS was high, as evidenced by a mean score and standard deviation of (91.02 ± 5.00). However, there were low scores on questions related to the transmission of the disease.Conclusion: Across all three universities in Eswatini, there were good nursing education programmes on HIV and AIDS, evidenced by the high knowledge level about HIV and AIDS. However, there are still some knowledge gaps on HIV and AIDS transmission and management that need to be attended to.Contribution: This study contributed by providing knowledge of undergraduate nursing students’ HIV and AIDS training and management of PLWHA.
Understanding inclusion in early childhood care and education: A participatory action learning and action research study
Authors: Mahadew Ashnie , Hlalele Dipane J.
Published: September 2022

Background: Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) refers to the care and education of children from birth to age four. There is a scarcity of research on inclusion in this marginalised sector in many developing countries, including South Africa.Aim: This article reports on a virtual learning participatory workshop on understanding inclusion with six ECCE teachers and two ECD practitioner trainers.Setting: Due to the social distancing necessitated by the Corona Virus pandemic, all interactions were facilitated through the WhatsApp platform.Methods: The study employed a participatory action learning and action research (PALAR) design that focuses on collaborative and contextually relevant learning and research. Data were generated in two iterative cycles using a baseline questionnaire, photovoice, reflective journals and purposeful conversations.Results: Cycle one found that some of the participants’ understanding of inclusion needed to be challenged. Their understandings of inclusion centred on discourses of disability with a narrow view of inclusion. This action learning set (ALS) mainly regarded inclusion to be a product rather than a process and claimed that segregation had some advantages. Some of the members of the ALS also misconstrued inclusion for micro-exclusive practices of assimilation and integration. Cycle two was planned to address these misunderstandings. Cycle two revealed that becoming inclusive means revisiting dominant ideologies about inclusion and a critical awareness of micro-exclusive practices.Conclusion: This research serves to challenge dominant beliefs of what inclusion is. The knowledge presented here could be cascaded to other ECCE centres in the South African context. With a scarcity of research on inclusion in ECCE, this study may provide a point of departure for future research.
Evaluating the capacity of rural-based South African stakeholders in the transformation of small, medium-sized and micro-enterprises
Authors: Farisani Tshililo R.
Published: September 2022

Background: The South African job creation challenges have been well documented by different scholars. The knowledge gap is what the transformational role of rural stakeholders is in securing sustainable livelihoods through small, medium-sized and micro-enterprises (SMMEs). This study is an attempt to fill that gap.Aim: The study is aimed to contribute to an understanding of the capacity of rural-based stakeholders in the transformation of rural economies to sustainable livelihoods and SMMEs in South African municipalities.Setting: This study focused on the capacity of rural-based stakeholders in the transformation and sustainability of South African SMMEs in the municipalities of Jozini Local Municipality (JLM) and Matatiele Local Municipality (MLM).Methods: A qualitative, inductive, interpretative approach was used to achieve the research objectives. Data were collected from 34 purposive (social network analysis group) interviews and 35 snowballing (semi-structured one-on-one) interviews with selected participants from the two rural municipalities. Data were analysed using Nvivo 12.Results: The findings of the study reveal that the rural-based stakeholders are not capacitated to transform and sustain, on their own, livelihoods and SMMEs, without well-coordinated external support from national, provincial and district stakeholders.Conclusion: It is, therefore, concluded that such a lack of capacity and poor coordination between the relevant stakeholders impact negatively on the transformation sought to assist securing a sustainable livelihood by means of SMMEs. The original contribution to knowledge (also summarised as a framework) in this study lies in the process that rural-based stakeholders follow in creating sustainability in rural SMMEs and livelihoods.
Immigrant entrepreneurship in South Africa: A review and research agenda
Authors: Fubah Clavis N. , Moos Menisha N.
Published: September 2022

Immigrant entrepreneurship is a global phenomenon that has recently attracted the interest of South African academics. The goal of this article was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on immigrant entrepreneurship in South African (SA) between 2009 and 2021. This systematic review was especially important because it synthesised the current literature on immigrant entrepreneurship in SA as well as proposing new avenues for research. The review included 48 articles, with an emphasis on publication trends, methodological and theoretical approaches, provincial focus, networks used by immigrant entrepreneurs and the barriers faced by immigrant entrepreneurs in SA. The findings indicate that scholarly interest in the concept has increased in SA since 2016–2018, which recorded the highest number of publications (16). The majority of studies in the review employed a quantitative approach; thus, further theorisation of the concept is required, and immigrant entrepreneurs are encouraged to explore other networks such as family, business, managerial and interorganisational networks.This article contributes to immigrant entrepreneurship literature in the South African context by synthesising the findings on immigrant entrepreneurship published within the designated timeframe. In addition, the article also identifies areas of future research on immigrant entrepreneurship in SA.
Dental professional's understanding of COVID-19 management
Authors: Juneja Akanksha , Sultan Amina
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

The sudden appearance of the highly infectious novel coronavirus in December 2019 has created global havoc in a short time. In the present scenario where the cases are rising explosively and medical health care professionals are losing their lives to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the role of dental surgeons needs to be redefined.

OBJECTIVE:

Keeping all these things into consideration; this questionnaire-based cross sectional survey was planned to understand how dental surgeons managed COVID-19 once they got infected, and how confident they are if in future they need to treat cases of COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey was done to assess the knowledge of practising dental surgeons infected with COVID-19 of the disease and its management.

RESULTS:

One hundred and one respondents completed the questionnaire. Of those 81% were vaccinated while 19% were not vaccinated. Of these 50.5% felt confident that they had adequate knowledge regarding COVID-19 and can treat mild-to-moderate infections. 84.2% believed that short-term courses and workshops should be designed for dental surgeons to improve their knowledge, keeping in mind their future role in pandemic.

CONCLUSION:

Short-term courses need to be designed to improve the current knowledge of dental surgeons regarding COVID-19 and prepare them for future.
Knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene and alternatives to sanitary pad among Indian undergraduate medical students
Authors: Nalini Y. C. , Gaonkar Sonal , Anjusha I. B. , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:

While the availability and use of disposable sanitary pads have increased considerably in the last two decades, awareness about disposal and menstrual waste management has been neglected. This study was designed to determine the knowledge and practice of sanitary pad usage, disposal, and alternative methods of menstrual hygiene attitude toward menstrual leave among Indian undergraduate medical students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study participants were Indian undergraduate medical students. Self-administered online questionnaires were utilized, using Google Forms that requested personal details, menstrual history, usage and disposal of the sanitary pad, alternatives to the sanitary pad, and opinions about paid menstrual leave or sick leave policy. Quantitative data were summarized using mean and standard deviation, whereas qualitative data were summarized using percentages and frequencies. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

RESULTS:

Four hundred sixty-four students participated in the study. The mean age at menarche was 13 years. Menstrual bleeding lasted an average of 5.2 ± 1.6 days. Cycle length was 21–35 days in 92% of cases. Approximately 42.9% of respondents reported dysmenorrhea. 98% reported using the sanitary pad; among them, 48% reported they use a single pad (nonbio-degradable pads) for more than 6 h, and the most common mode of disposal is by wrapping in a newspaper. Menstrual cup followed by tampons is common alternatives to the sanitary pad. 48.7% reported that sometimes menstruation keeps them away from colleges. Eighty-two percent expressed menstrual leave policy of 1–2 days would be a positive and welcome move.

CONCLUSIONS:

Knowledge about sanitary pad disposal and alternatives is adequate among Indian undergraduate medical students but what is inadequate is the practice. Emphasis should be made on strategies that can be adopted to prevent the dumping of unsorted disposed of unsafe menstrual waste across the landfills resulting in a global health issue.
A comparative study on knowledge and awareness regarding type-2 diabetes mellitus and its complications among urban and rural patients
Authors: Darivemula Surendra Babu , Vishwajeeth G. , Pooja G. , Prathyusha G. , Pavani G. , Sahithya G. , Dharani G. , Shankar G. Ravi , Katkuri Sushma
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most challenging public health problem. Most of the people are unaware of the disease and its preventive measures and complications. It is important to acknowledge the gap in the knowledge and awareness of the disease to prevent the disease and effectively plan public health care.

METHODOLOGY:

This was a cross-sectional study with the objective to assess the level of knowledge and awareness regarding type-2 DM and its complications among urban and rural population and to compare them. The sample size was calculated as 404 among >30 years of age with Type-2 DM with >1 year of duration with or without complications. Data was collected on demographic details, knowledge, awareness, complications and lifestyle modifications by using the structured questionnaire. The collected data was compared among urban and rural patients and the association was seen between different factors by appropriate statistical test.

RESULTS:

The knowledge on normal blood sugar was (45.6% and 27.2%) in urban and rural, HbA1C (63.8% and 49.5%), family history of diabetes (59.4% and 43.1%), whether DM2 is a multi system disorder, monitoring of blood sugar levels and frequency of monitoring and checkups were found to be more in the urban compare to the rural with P < 0.05. The awareness on complications like the rate of complications with increase in time (66.3% and 57.0%), awareness of diabetic foot (52.9% and 37.1%), prone to infections (67.3% and 58.9%), prone to COVID 19 infection (74.7% and 64.9%), most common organ involved as the complication arise was kidney (39.6% and 33.7%) with P < 0.05.

CONCLUSION:

The study suggests that there is a need to improve knowledge about DM and its complications, and there is a need for diabetes-specific health awareness campaigns on behavior and lifestyle changes, adherence to treatment and self-care.
Challenges faced by 1st phase MBBS students during online teaching of competency-based medical education curriculum – COVID times
Authors: Sofia B Persis , Subhaprada S Cynthia
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

Competency-based medical education (CBME) is a learner-centered, outcome-based approach which motivates self-learning. Currently, the world is experiencing COVID-19 pandemic which led to shutdown of colleges, and hence, online teaching has become a key component in the continuity of medical education. The main aim of the study is to analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on online teaching among 1st-year MBBS students and to assess the challenges faced during this time.

METHODS:

After obtaining institutional ethics committee clearance, a mixed-method study design was used to collect data from 100 respondents among 1st-year MBBS students of Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, during the month of September 2020. A prevalidated, semi-structured questionnaire was sent to the participants through Google Forms. The quantitative analysis was done through survey questions on a five-point Likert scale.

RESULTS:

The reported challenges to online medical education during COVID-19 pandemic were lack of in-person communication (57%), technical issues while attending online classes (49%), difficulty in time management (50%), confusion in understanding course expectations/competencies (44%), and more focused on theory than practicals (59%). Some of them stated that “having online classes is really helpful than not having any classes at all.”

CONCLUSIONS:

Hence, we conclude that though challenges mentioned above were faced during online teaching of CBME curriculum, effective leadership and student teamwork would be helpful in successful online teaching.
Evaluation of quality of life using Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis postendoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Afolabi Abdulrahman O. , Uche-Okonkwo Kenechukwu , Shittu Nasiru O. , Ayodele Samuel O. , Busari Nafeesat O. , Segun-Busari Segun , Omokanye H. K. , Idris Saad O. , Alabi Biodun S. , Dunmade Adekunle D. , Ologe Foluwasayo E.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:

The background of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) before and after endoscopic sinus surgery Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was an observational prospective cohort study carried out at the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Both of which are tertiary-level hospitals in North-Central Nigeria offering advanced rhinology services after ethical approval was obtained. The total score for each subject was derived from the 22-item psychometrically validated self-administered SNOT-22 questionnaire. Lower scores postoperatively represent better health-related QoL (HRQOL).

RESULTS:

A preliminary report of 40 consecutive patients with rhinosinusitis were enrolled. There were 19 males and 21 females aged between 16 and 80 years (mean age: 34.95 ± 2.69 years). There was a significant improvement in SNOT-22 scores from the preoperative period: 37–88 (mean: 67.45 ± 15.10) to 22–43 (mean: 31.73 ± 5.61) 6 weeks after surgery, giving a percentage improvement of 52.97% (P = 0.0002), thus statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:

SNOT-22 tool is a valuable tool to evaluate the HRQOL of patients with CRS and endoscopic sinus surgery as surgical intervention improves the HRQOL of patients with reduction in the mean score of all items in the SNOT-22 in the postoperative state compared to the preoperative state.