bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MiR‐210‐3p inhibits osteogenic differentiation and promotes adipogenic differentiation correlated with Wnt signaling in ERα‐deficient rBMSCs
Authors: Li Xiaoyun , Peng Bojia , Zhu Xiaofeng , Wang Panpan , Sun Kehuan , Lei Xiaotong , He Haibin , Tian Ya , Mo Shu , Zhang Ronghua , Yang Li
Published: June 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate activities in living organisms through various signaling pathways and play important roles in the development and progression of osteoporosis. The balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs is closely related to the occurrence of osteoporosis. ERα regulates bone metabolism in various tissues. However, the correlation among ERα, miRNAs, and the differentiation of rBMSCs is still unclear. In this study, we used lentivirus transfection into rBMSCs to construct an ERα‐deficient model, analyzed the differences in expressed miRNAs between control and ERα‐deficient rBMSCs. The results revealed that the expression of 25 miRNAs were upregulated, 164 miRNAs were downregulated, and some of the regulated miRNAs such as miR‐210‐3p and miR‐214‐3p were related to osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation, as well as to particular signaling pathways. Next, we overexpressed miR‐210‐3p to evaluate its effects on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, and identified the relationship among miR‐210‐3p, Wnt signaling pathway, and the differentiation of rBMSCs. The results indicated that ERα‐deficient inhibited osteogenic differentiation, promoted adipogenic differentiation, and regulated the expression of some miRNAs. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR‐210‐3p promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, processes likely to be related to the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, we identified a group of upregulated and downregulated miRNAs in ERα‐deficient rBMSCs that might play a vital role in regulating osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation. One of these, miR‐210‐3p, inhibited osteogenic differentiation and promoted adipogenic differentiation correlated with the Wnt signaling pathway in ERα‐deficient rBMSCs, providing new insight into the regulation of bone metabolism.
MR imaging of the fetal heart
Authors: Marini Davide , van Amerom Joshua , Saini Brahmdeep S. , Sun Liqun , Seed Mike
Published: June 2019

In the last decade, technological advances have enabled the acquisition of high spatial and temporal resolution cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the fetus. Fetal cardiac MRI has emerged as an alternative to ultrasound, which may be helpful to confirm a diagnosis of congenital heart disease when ultrasound assessment is hampered, for example in late gestation or in the setting of oligohydramnios. MRI also provides unique physiologic information, including vessel blood flow, oxygen saturation and hematocrit, which may be helpful to investigate cardiac and placental diseases. In this review, we summarize some of the main techniques and significant advances in the field to date.

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy: Stage 5

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1030–1044.
Effect of gingival augmentation procedure (free gingival graft) on reducing the risk of non‐carious cervical lesions: A 25‐ to 30‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Agudio Giancarlo , Chambrone Leandro , Selvaggi Filippo , Pini‐Prato Giovan Paolo
Published: June 2019

Background

The aim of this long‐term case series was to assess the development/prevalence of non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) at sites that have and have not been treated with gingival augmentation following free gingival graft (FGG).

Methods

Fifty‐two patients had at least one test and one control site: 1) test site showing absence of attached gingiva (AG) associated with gingival recession (GR) treated with FGG; and 2) contralateral site with or without AG. Patient/tooth/site‐associated variables were recorded for each tooth/site at baseline (T0), 12 months after surgery (T1), during the follow‐up period (T2) (15 to 20 years), and at the end of the follow‐up period (T3) over 25 to 30 years. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used throughout the study.

Results

Forty‐nine patients/130 sites were available for analysis at T2 whereas 44 patients/120 sites at T3. Twenty‐two NCCLs >0.5 mm were restored in the test sites and in 35 in the untreated sites. The development of NCCL over time appeared associated with sites with attached KT <2 mm (i.e., odds ratio [OR]: 3.80 [P = 0.045] and 3.47 [P = 0.046], 15‐ to 20‐ and 20‐ to 30‐year follow‐ups, respectively), as well as to teeth presenting a thin/non‐modified periodontal phenotype (i.e., OR: 3.53 [P = 0.037] and 5.51 [P = 0.008], 15‐ to 20‐ and 20‐ to 30‐year follow‐ups, respectively).

Conclusions

Periodontal phenotype modification achieved by FGG may prevent the development/progression of NCCL. Evidence suggests that the thickness and width of the AG had a direct influence on the need of restoring these lesions during the 25‐ to 30‐year observation period.
Evaluation of Scoliosis With a Commercially Available Ultrasound System
Authors: Lv Pin , Chen Jingyuan , Dong Lujie , Wang Li , Deng Youbin , Li Kaiyan , Huang Xiaolin , Zhang Chao
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Currently, radiography with measurement of the Cobb angle is still considered the reference standard for diagnosing scoliosis. However, the ionizing radiation hazard is drawing wide attention. Can 3‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) be an alternative modality for diagnosing and monitoring patients with scoliosis? The aim of our study was to assess the reliability and validity of 3D US imaging in the evaluation of scoliosis.

Methods

A commercially available ultrasound system with a magnetic tracking system was selected for long‐distance 3D US imaging. Straight phantoms and curved phantoms were scanned with the imaging system to evaluate the stability of the system for curvature measurements. Eight healthy adult volunteers and 28 patients with scoliosis were recruited for long‐distance 3D US imaging. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to test the reproducibility of the interobserver and intraobserver measurements for both the healthy adults and patients with scoliosis. A linear regression analysis and Bland‐Altman plot were used to analyze the correlation and to determine the extent of agreement between the angles measured on US images and the Cobb angles measured on conventional radiographs.

Results

The 28 patients with scoliosis included 10 male and 18 female patients aged 8 to 37 years (mean age ± SD, 17.7 ± 1.4 years; body mass index, <25 kg/m2). In the phantom study, there was no statistically significant difference between the angles measured by the 3D US imaging system and those measured by an angle gauge (P > 0.05). In the clinical study, there was very good interobserver and intraobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients, >0.90) for the US imaging system, with a high correlation (r2 = 0.92) and agreement between the US and radiographic methods.

Conclusions

The long‐distance 3D US imaging system offers a viable modality for diagnosing and monitoring scoliosis without radiation.
Cost of treating recurrent respiratory papillomavirus in commercially insured and medicaid patients
Authors: Tam Samantha , Wu Chi‐Fang , Peng Ho‐Lan , Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Sturgis Erich M. , Lairson David R.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The study objective was to estimate the first 2 years’ direct costs of treating new cases of juvenile‐onset and adult‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and determine the predictors of treatment costs.

Methods

Cases were patients diagnosed with RRP in commercial insurance claims in 2011–2014 and Texas Medicaid in 2008–2012 for treatment of RRP. Controls were patients without a diagnosis of HPV‐related cancer or RRP, matched with cases by age, sex, geographic area, date of diagnosis of RRP, and propensity score. Total health care costs in the first 2 years after diagnosis were obtained from cases and matched controls. A generalized linear model was created to identify predictors of monthly costs.

Results

In commercially insured patients, a total of 122 cases of juvenile‐onset (<18 years old) and 1824 cases of adult‐onset (≥18 years old) RRP were identified. The mean first 2 years’ cost difference between cases and controls was $58,733 for juvenile‐onset disease and $11,185 for adult‐onset disease after model adjustments. In the Texas Medicaid population, 73 cases of juvenile‐onset and 96 cases of adult‐onset RRP were identified. The mean first 2 years’ cost difference between cases and controls was $76,115 for juvenile‐onset disease and $4,633 for adult‐onset disease after model adjustments.

Conclusion

The first 2 years’ medical costs difference of juvenile‐onset and adult‐onset RRP among commercially insured and Medicaid population were approximately $60,000 to $70,000 and $5,000 to $11,000, respectively, and should be considered in HPV vaccination promotion investment decisions.

Level of Evidence

N/A

Laryngoscope, 130:1186–1194, 2020
Headwater lakes and their influence on downstream discharge
Authors: Leach Jason A. , Laudon Hjalmar
Published: June 2019

Small headwater lakes are common water features in northern environments. These small lakes are often reported to have an influence on downstream water quality; however, few studies have addressed the underlying hydrology of these systems and how small lakes influence downstream discharge or how far downstream these influences persist. We show that catchments with small lakes sustain baseflows compared to catchments without lakes. In addition, small lakes have limited influence on the magnitude and timing of peakflow events, except for immediately downstream of the lake where peakflow hydrographs are characterized by low magnitude and long duration. The relative contribution of lake water to downstream discharge can vary widely in time (between 0% and 75%) and be detectable when lakes make up as little as 0.5% of catchment area. This variability and persistence of lake water in stream networks may have important implications for how we interpret water quality patterns downstream of small lakes.
Temperature Depth Profiles Induced in Human Skin In Vivo Using Pulsed 975 nm Irradiation
Authors: Milanic Matija , Cenian Adam , Verdel Nina , Cenian Witold , Stergar Jost , Majaron Boris
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the temperature depth profiles induced in human skin in vivo by using a pulsed 975 nm diode laser (with 5 ms pulse duration) and compare them with those induced by the more common 532 nm (KTP) and 1,064 nm (Nd:YAG) lasers. Quantitative assessment of the energy deposition characteristics in human skin at 975 nm should help design of safe and effective treatment protocols when using such lasers.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Temperature depth profiles induced in the human skin by the three lasers were determined using pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR). This technique involves time‐resolved measurement of mid‐infrared emission from the irradiated test site and reconstruction of the laser‐induced temperature profiles using an earlier developed optimization algorithm. Measurements were performed on volar sides of the forearms in seven volunteers with healthy skin. At irradiation spot diameters of 3–4 mm, the radiant exposures were 0.24, 0.36, and 5.7 J/cm2 for the 975, 532, and 1,064 nm lasers, respectively.

Results

Upon normalization to the same radiant exposure of 1 J/cm
2, the assessed maximum temperature rise in the epidermis averaged 0.8 °C for the 975 nm laser, 7.4 °C for the 532 nm, and 0.6 °C for the 1,064 nm laser. The characteristic subsurface depth to which 50% of the absorbed laser energy was deposited was on average 0.31 mm at 975 nm irradiation, and slightly deeper at 1,064 nm, and 0.15 mm at 532 nm. The experimentally obtained relations were reproduced in a dedicated numerical simulation.

Conclusions

The assessed energy deposition characteristics show that the pulsed 975 nm diode laser is very suitable for controlled heating of the upper dermis as required, for example, for nonablative skin rejuvenation. The risks of nonselective overheating of the epidermis and subcutis are significantly reduced in comparison with irradiation at 532 and 1,064 nm, respectively. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eugenol: A Promising Building Block for Synthesis of Radically Polymerizable Monomers
Authors: Molina‐Gutiérrez Samantha , Manseri Abdelatif , Ladmiral Vincent , Bongiovanni Roberta , Caillol Sylvain , Lacroix‐Desmazes Patrick
Published: June 2019

Eugenol, a natural phenol currently mainly obtained from clove oil, is an interesting aromatic building block for the synthesis of novel biobased monomers. It can also be obtained from lignin depolymerization, becoming a promising building block due to lignin availability as biomass feedstock. The synthesis of eight monomers derived from eugenol containing polymerizable functional groups is achieved. The (meth)acrylation of eugenol, isoeugenol, and dihydroeugenol is performed and the solution homopolymerization of these biobased monomers is studied. Moreover, aiming to prepare functional polymers, the introduction of epoxy and cyclic carbonate groups is executed via modification of the allylic double bond present in eugenol derived methacrylate. Thus, a novel platform of versatile biobased monomers derived from eugenol is presented, opening the opportunity to use them in a wide range of polymerization processes and applications
Inducible nitric oxide synthase: Regulation, structure, and inhibition
Authors: Cinelli Maris A. , Do Ha T. , Miley Galen P. , Silverman Richard B.
Published: June 2019

A considerable number of human diseases have an inflammatory component, and a key mediator of immune activation and inflammation is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO) from l‐arginine. Overexpressed or dysregulated iNOS has been implicated in numerous pathologies including sepsis, cancer, neurodegeneration, and various types of pain. Extensive knowledge has been accumulated about the roles iNOS plays in different tissues and organs. Additionally, X‐ray crystal and cryogenic electron microscopy structures have shed new insights on the structure and regulation of this enzyme. Many potent iNOS inhibitors with high selectivity over related NOS isoforms, neuronal NOS, and endothelial NOS, have been discovered, and these drugs have shown promise in animal models of endotoxemia, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, arthritis, and other disorders. A major issue in iNOS inhibitor development is that promising results in animal studies have not translated to humans; there are no iNOS inhibitors approved for human use. In addition to assay limitations, both the dual modalities of iNOS and NO in disease states (ie, protective vs harmful effects) and the different roles and localizations of NOS isoforms create challenges for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes the structure, function, and regulation of iNOS, with focus on the development of iNOS inhibitors (historical and recent). A better understanding of iNOS’ complex functions is necessary before specific drug candidates can be identified for classical indications such as sepsis, heart failure, and pain; however, newer promising indications for iNOS inhibition, such as depression, neurodegenerative disorders, and epilepsy, have been discovered.
Design and analysis of dual‐band antenna array generating dual‐mode vortex electromagnetic waves
Authors: Xu Peng , Zhu Cheng , Cui Zhen , Jia Jinxiao , Li Tong , Wang Chuanbing
Published: June 2019

At present, the conventional generation method of orbital angular momentum (OAM) based on antenna array faces plenty of challenges, such as finite OAM mode number (topological charge number), single operating frequency, and so on. In this article, we propose a dual‐band working antenna array, fed by a dual‐band differential‐phase feeding network, to generate vortex electromagnetic waves with two different modes. The dual‐band slot antenna is used as the array's element, and the antenna array is codesigned with a differential‐phase feeding network working at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz, respectively. The simulation and measurement results, including the E‐field distribution in near field and radiation pattern in far field, both validate that the proposed antenna array could generate vortex electromagnetic fields with mode 1 at 0.9 GHz and mode 2 at 1.8 GHz. The proposed approach may provide a novel path for the generation and detection of vortex electromagnetic waves in a high‐performance wireless communication system in the future.
Nicotine‐induced hypoxia in rat urothelium deteriorates bladder storage functions
Authors: Nagai Takashi , Imamura Tetsuya , Ogawa Teruyuki , Minagawa Tomonori , Domen Takahisa , Suzuki Toshiro , Ueno Manabu , Ishizuka Osamu
Published: June 2019

Aims

To measure the effects of nicotine on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), bladder blood flow, and the urothelial markers hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), uroplakin III (UPIII), and aquaporin 3 (AQP3).

Methods

Ten‐week‐old female Sprague Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with 2 mg/kg nicotine (n = 17) or vehicle (control, n = 18) twice daily for 13 days. Some nicotine‐treated rats (n = 10) were injected daily with 1 mg/kg tadalafil for the last 6 days of nicotine treatment. One day before cystometry, the bladders of some nicotine‐treated and control rats were instilled with 0.08% acetic acid. Urinary frequency and volume were measured 1 day after treatment. Blood flow in the bladder neck was measured, and the urothelia were immunochemically assayed for HIF1α, UPIII, and AQP3.

Results

Following acetic acid treatment, both voiding interval and micturition volume of the nicotine‐treated rats were significantly lower than controls. Nicotine‐treated rats had lower blood flow than controls, and the urothelial expression of HIF1α was higher than controls. Simultaneously, the expressions of UPIII and AQP3 were decreased. Tadalafil treatment increased bladder blood flow, and nicotine‐treated rats had increased voiding interval and micturition volume. Further, the expression of HIF1α decreased, and both UPIII and AQP3 levels increased.

Conclusions

Nicotine‐treated rats stimulated by intravesicular acetic acid instillation exhibited deterioration of bladder storage functions. Changes in tissue markers in the nicotine‐treated rats were consistent with hypoxia and loss of urothelial function. Restoration of blood flow reversed the nicotine effects. Nicotine may induce LUTS through reduced bladder blood flow and urothelial hypoxia.
Social media in disaster communication: A case study of strategies, barriers, and ethical implications
Authors: Lovari Alessandro , Bowen Shannon A.
Published: June 2019

The manuscript investigates how social media were used during a flood disaster managed by public affairs officers. We conducted high‐level “elite” interviews with the state's top emergency managers about their social media policies, practices, and use in both media relations and citizen communication. We explored the strategies and communication models implemented, challenges and barriers for effective adoption of these platforms, and ethical implications in the use social media during natural disasters. The study investigates gaps between theories and practice, adopting a multidisciplinary perspective that involves public relations, social media studies, government/public affairs, and public sector communication. Recommendations are offered to improve disaster communication via social media including dedicated staff and resources, evaluation, symmetry, and the use of ethical communication to quell rumors or misinformation during a disaster.
High‐Performance Thin‐Film Transistors with Nickel‐Doped Indium Zinc Oxide Channel Layers
Authors: Lin Dong , Li Kaiwen , Shao Jingjing , Zhang Qun
Published: June 2019

High‐performance thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with amorphous nickel‐doped indium zinc oxide (a‐IZNO) channel layers are fabricated by radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering. The influence of nickel (Ni)‐doping content on the electrical properties of a‐IZNO TFTs are investigated. With increasing Ni‐doping content, the threshold voltage shifts to the positive direction, which is attributed to the reduction in oxygen vacancies. The a‐IZNO TFTs at Ni content of 6.6 at% exhibit optimum performance, with a field‐effect mobility of 30.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage of −1.1 V, a subthreshold swing of 0.19 V decade−1, and an on‐to‐off current ratio of 3.7 × 107. In addition, the devices show high stability under positive and negative bias stress. These results suggest that Ni is an effective carrier suppressor for indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin film, making a‐IZNO a promising channel material for TFTs.
A comparison between the effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Raygan Fariba , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Akbari Elmira , Bahmani Fereshteh , Memarzadeh Mohammad Reza , Sharifi Nasrin , Jafarnejad Sadegh , Banikazemi Zarrin , Asemi Zatollah
Published: June 2019

This study compared the effects of flaxseed and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular risk parameters in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Participants were randomly allocated into three intervention groups to receive either 1,000 mg of omega‐3 fatty acids from fish oil or 1,000 mg of omega‐3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil or placebo (n = 30 each group) twice a day for 12 weeks. A significant reduction in insulin levels (.04) was observed following flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation compared with the placebo. In addition, a significant reduction in high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (.02) was seen after flaxseed oil supplementation compared with the placebo and a significant increase in total nitrite (.001) was seen after flaxseed oil and fish oil intake compared with placebo. Additionally, a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (p < .001) after consuming flaxseed oil and fish oil compared with placebo and glutathione levels (.001) after consuming fish oil compared with flaxseed oil and placebo was observed. Overall, our study revealed the beneficial effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on few metabolic profiles. This study suggests that the effect of flaxseed oil in reducing insulin and increasing total nitrite and total antioxidant capacity is similar to fish oil.
Pneumothorax in neuromuscular disease associated with lung volume recruitment and mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation
Authors: McDonald Luke Andrew , Berlowitz David John , Howard Mark Erskine , Rautela Linda , Chao Caroline , Sheers Nicole
Published: June 2019

A 25‐year‐old male with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and a 73‐year‐old male with motor neurone disease both presented with chest pain and increasing dyspnoea following routine mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation or lung volume recruitment, on a background of long‐term non‐invasive ventilation. In each case, chest radiograph revealed a pneumothorax. In both cases the pneumothorax fully resolved following insertion of an intercostal catheter. There was no immediate recurrence and the patients were discharged home and ceased ongoing prophylactic respiratory therapy, although one person had recurrent pneumothoraces subsequently. This rare but serious complication highlights the need for careful risk/benefit analysis by clinicians prescribing these therapies.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Pyrimidinyl Benzothiazine Carboxamides
Authors: Tamatam Rekha , Panga Siva Sankar , Grigory Zyryanov , Gundala Sravya , Nemallapudi Bakthavatchala Reddy , Vasikarla Kamala Prasad , Adivireddy Padmaja , Venkatapuram Padmavathi
Published: June 2019

A variety of pyrimidinyl benzothiazine carboxamides were prepared from benzothiazine carboxylate and 4,6‐diaryl/heteroarylpyrimidinyl‐2‐amines. The compounds having 4‐nitro phenyl, 4‐pyridinyl and pyrazolyl ‐ pyrimidinyl benzothiazine carboxamide moieties 6 e, 6 i, 6 j, 6 k and 6 m displayed prominent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Further, compounds having pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl and indolyl units 6 f, 6 k, 6 m and 6 n displayed prominent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. On the other hand, compounds with electron donating substituents on the aromatic ring (6 b, 6 c) and those with furan moiety (6 g, 6 h and 6 l) displayed very good free radical scavenging activity greater than Ascorbic acid.
Decomposition Kinetics of Substituted Energetic Isowurtzitane Cage Molecules Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) and TEX: A Comparative Study
Authors: Vargeese Anuj A
Published: June 2019

N‐substituted hexa(N‐Nitro) compound 2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazatetracyclo‐ [5.5.0.05,9.03,11] dodecane (HNIW or CL‐20) and the O‐substituted di(N‐Nitro)) compound 4,10‐dinitro‐2,6,8,12‐tetraoxa‐4,10‐diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]‐dodecane (TEX) are two interesting energetic Isowurtzitane cage molecules. To develop an understanding about the underlying phenomena during explosion/combustion, the thermal decomposition behaviour and kinetics of HNIW and TEX is studied. The solid phase decomposition of HNIW shows a dependence on the extent of reaction (α), while the liquid phase decomposition of TEX is independent of α. This point towards the multistep reaction kinetics involved in the HNIW decomposition and a single stage decomposition or unification of multistep reactions exhibited by TEX during the melt phase decomposition. However, the sublimation process in TEX is defined by different activation energy values. The experimental results are presented here and theoretical possibilities are being explored through quantum chemical studies. Our study aims to provide a link between the decomposition behaviour of Isowurtzitane cage molecules and their combustion behaviour.
Self‐Assembly of Biocompatible FeSe Hollow Nanostructures and 2D CuFeSe Nanosheets with One‐ and Two‐Photon Luminescence Properties
Authors: Deng Yang , Li Dianqi , Ning Xingming , Zhang Dongxu , Zhang Shouting , Zhang Zhen , Shan Duoliang , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Dingbin , Mao Xiang , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: June 2019

Transition metal chalcogenides are investigated for catalyst, intermediary agency, and particular optical properties because of their distinguished electron‐vacancy‐transfer (EVT) process toward different applications. In this work, one convenient approach for making pure‐phased FeSe nanocrystals (NCs) and doped CuFeSe nanosheets (NSs) through a wet chemistry method in mixed solvents is illustrated. The surface modification of each product is realized by using a peptide molecule glutathione (GSH), in which the thiol group (−SH) is ascribed to be the in situ reducer and bonding agency between the crystalline surface and surfactant in whole constructing processes. Due to the functional groups in biological GSH, highly aggregated NCs are rebuilt in the form of an FeSe hollow structure through amino and carboxyl cross‐linking functions through a spontaneous assembly procedure. Owing to the coupling procedure of Cu and Fe in the growth process, it generates enhanced EVT. Additionally, it shows the emission spectra of λEM‐PL = 436 nm (FeSe) and 452 nm (CuFeSe) while λEX‐PL = 356 nm, it also conveys two‐photon phenomenon while λEX‐PL = 720 nm. Moreover, it also shows strong off‐resonant luminescence due to two‐photon absorption, which should be valuable for biological applications.
Dyslexia: What Reading Teachers Need to Know
Authors: Johnston Vickie
Published: June 2019

Dyslexia is a neurological language‐based learning disability. Several legislative bills related to dyslexia have recently been introduced in the United States so dyslexia can be understood and interventions in reading instruction can be provided. Studies have shown measurable improvements in the language areas of the brain's left hemisphere after reading interventions with students with dyslexia, and multisensory teaching strategies can be the difference between academic success and academic failure and frustration. Effective methods for working with students with dyslexia support an explicit, systematic, cumulative, and multisensory approach that integrates listening, speaking, reading, and writing and emphasizes phonology, orthography, syntax, morphology, semantics, and the organization of spoken and written discourse. The author shares what dyslexia is not, what it is, and how literacy teachers can support their students with dyslexia.
Simulation and design of energy materials accelerated by machine learning
Authors: Wang Hongshuai , Ji Yujin , Li Youyong
Published: June 2019

In the light of mature mathematical algorithms and material database construction, a basic research framework of machine learning (ML) method integrated with computational chemistry toolkits exhibits great potentials and advantages in the field of material researches. In this review, we introduce a work flow of ML in energy materials and demonstrate its recent applications in accelerating the material exploration, especially significant progresses in designing novel catalysts, organic and inorganic battery materials and metal–organic framework materials. As a rising research direction, we also identify the prospects and challenges of ML. More automated and intelligent workflows will be widely used in energy material design with the development of ML. Our review provides a guideline to study and design energy materials in the framework of ML.

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Geodynamic Significance of Cr-spinels from Ophiolite Mantle Peridotites of Northwestern Himalaya
Authors: Bhat I. M. , Ahmad T. , Rao D. V. Subba
Published: June 2019

In this contribution the composition of Cr-spinels from Suru valley ophiolite peridotites is described and compared these with published data from Shergol serpentinized peridotites, both of these sequences occur as dismembered ophiolite blocks along the Indus suture zone (ISZ), Ladakh Himalaya and those from Manipur ophiolite belong to the eastern Himalaya. Back scattered electron images reveal that the Cr-spinel have overgrowth of magnetite, which is the dominant textural feature of the investigated rock types. However, in few peridotite samples, gradual replacement of Cr-spinel by ferrian-chromite along grain boundaries commonly occurs. Based on the spinel geochemistry, the Shergol peridotites are characterized by Cr-poor/Al-rich Cr-spinels whereas, the Suru valley peridotites by Cr-rich/Al-poor Cr-spinels. Shergol and Manipur ophiolite indicate their ocean floor affinity and the Suru valley peridotites depict supra subduction zone characteristics.
Sediment Hosted Stratiform Copper (SSC) Mineralization in Bhudoli-Basari Area, North Delhi Fold Belt, Mesoproterozoic Delhi Supergroup, Rajasthan
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Shubhabrata , Kumar Vineet , Sangwan Monika
Published: June 2019

The rocks of the Kushalgarh Formation of the Delhi Supergroup in northeast Rajasthan, host low-temperature prospect generally known as sediment hosted stratiform copper (SSC) mineralization in Bhudoli-Basari area, district Sikar, Rajasthan. Mineralization is about 3km in length with variable width of up to 600m and sulphides occur mainly as fine dissemination as well as veinlets within the steeply dipping carbonate rocks, which were remobilized along the quartz-calcite veins during compaction and subsequent deformation. The prospect is product of low-temperature aqueous brines. The brines leached, transported, and deposited copper (and associated metals) as per physical and chemical stabilities. The mineralization in the Bhudoli-Basari SSC consists mainly of bedding-parallel disseminations of fine-grained sulphides, typically zoned. Copper is leached from poorly sorted first-cycle clastic sediments of footwall redbeds, associated meta/volcanics of the Raialo Group and basement rocks during their progressive diagenetic alteration by moderate-temperature oxygen rich brines. Ore mineral zoning from chalcocite to pyrite in the Bhudoli-Basari area is archetypal to other SSC deposits viz. the Kupferschiefer of Poland-Germany and the Central African Copper belt of Zambia.
Progress update from the hippocampal subfields group
Authors: Olsen Rosanna K. , Carr Valerie A. , Daugherty Ana M. , La Joie Renaud , Amaral Robert S.C. , Amunts Katrin , Augustinack Jean C. , Bakker Arnold , Bender Andrew R. , Berron David , Boccardi Marina , Bocchetta Martina , Burggren Alison C. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Chételat Gaël , de Flores Robin , DeKraker Jordan , Ding Song‐Lin , Geerlings Mirjam I. , Huang Yushan , Insausti Ricardo , Johnson Elliott G. , Kanel Prabesh , Kedo Olga , Kennedy Kristen M. , Keresztes Attila , Lee Joshua K. , Lindenberger Ulman , Mueller Susanne G. , Mulligan Elizabeth M. , Ofen Noa , Palombo Daniela J. , Pasquini Lorenzo , Pluta John , Raz Naftali , Rodrigue Karen M. , Schlichting Margaret L. , Lee Shing Yee , Stark Craig E.L. , Steve Trevor A. , Suthana Nanthia A. , Wang Lei , Werkle‐Bergner Markus , Yushkevich Paul A. , Yu Qijing , Wisse Laura E.M. ,   Hippocampal Subfields Group
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Heterogeneity of segmentation protocols for medial temporal lobe regions and hippocampal subfields on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging hinders the ability to integrate findings across studies. We aim to develop a harmonized protocol based on expert consensus and histological evidence.

Methods

Our international working group, funded by the EU Joint Programme–Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND), is working toward the production of a reliable, validated, harmonized protocol for segmentation of medial temporal lobe regions. The working group uses a novel postmortem data set and online consensus procedures to ensure validity and facilitate adoption.

Results

This progress report describes the initial results and milestones that we have achieved to date, including the development of a draft protocol and results from the initial reliability tests and consensus procedures.

Discussion

A harmonized protocol will enable the standardization of segmentation methods across laboratories interested in medial temporal lobe research worldwide.
Global Quantitative Mapping of Enhancers in Rice by STARR-Seq
Authors: Sun Jialei , He Na , Niu Longjian , Huang Yingzhang , Shen Wei , Zhang Yuedong , Li Li , Hou Chunhui
Published: June 2019

Enhancers activate transcription in a distance-, orientation-, and position-independent manner, which makes them difficult to be identified. Self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) measures the enhancer activity of millions of DNA fragments in parallel. Here we used STARR-seq to generate a quantitative global map of rice enhancers. Most enhancers were mapped within genes, especially at the 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTR) and in coding sequences. Enhancers were also frequently mapped proximal to silent and lowly-expressed genes in transposable element (TE)-rich regions. Analysis of the epigenetic features of enhancers at their endogenous loci revealed that most enhancers do not co-localize with DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) and lack the enhancer mark of histone modification H3K4me1. Clustering analysis of enhancers according to their epigenetic marks revealed that about 40% of identified enhancers carried one or more epigenetic marks. Repressive H3K27me3 was frequently enriched with positive marks, H3K4me3 and/or H3K27ac, which together label enhancers. Intergenic enhancers were also predicted based on the location of DHS regions relative to genes, which overlap poorly with STARR-seq enhancers. In summary, we quantitatively identified enhancers by functional analysis in the genome of rice, an important model plant. This work provides a valuable resource for further mechanistic studies in different biological contexts.
Determining long-term outcome of transthoracic Heller's myotomy when other methods fail: A single centere cases series
Authors: Baram Aram , Essa Rawand A.
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:

We aimed to estimate the long-term outcomes of transthoracic Heller's myotomy without fundoplication.

Methods:

This single centere, retrospective study included patients followed up for signs of cure, recurrence of symptoms, and different aspects of quality of life estimated over several years. Data were obtained directly from the patients and the medical records. The scores of patients with early and late dysphagia were compared preoperatively and postoperatively to estimate the quality of life (QoL).

Results:

A total of 48 patients (37 women and 11 men) who underwent surgery for achalasia between 2008 and 2018 were included. The mean age was 43.5 (19–68) years. The mean follow-up duration was 60.5 (1–120) months. Dysphagia, regurgitation, and heartburn were the most common symptoms, occurring in 100% of patients. The outcomes were an excellent success rate and estimation of QoL. After the first 6 months of follow-up, patients who underwent surgery developed grades 1–3 dysphagia. After 1–10 years of follow-up, 39 (81.25%) patients had grade 1 dysphagia, whereas 9 (18.75%) still had grade 2 dysphagia. During the long-term follow-up, only 77% of patients developed regurgitation, while 91.6% had heartburn. QoL changed according to dysphagia scores (from 5 to 1). However, the score of 26 patients (54.16%) decreased to 1; after 1 year of follow-up, 42 patients (87.5%) obtained a dysphagia score of 1. After 1–10 years of follow-up, 97.2% of patients underwent barium oesophagogram and showed a small-calibre oesophagus.

Conclusion:

Transthoracic Heller's myotomy is a safe and durable procedure that is associated with a durable long-term success rate and less recurrence, without necessity for any type of anti-reflux surgery.

Highlights:
The Effect of Cross-Channel Integration on Cost Efficiency
Authors: Tagashira Takumi , Minami Chieko
Published: June 2019

In multichannel retailing, cross-channel integration, which is the integration of different channels, such as brick-and-mortar stores, e-commerce, and mobile retailers, has been a key strategy. However, the effectiveness of cross-channel integration for firm performance remains uncertain. This study examines the impact of cross-channel integration on firm performance–cost efficiency. It uses stochastic frontier analysis to estimate cost efficiency and employs a dynamic panel model to assess the relationship between cross-channel integration, firm-level characteristics, and cost efficiency. The results reveal that cross-channel integration is positively associated with cost efficiency and that the extent of a retailer's experience with e-commerce and level of face-to-face services reduce its effectiveness.
Dynamically Changing Cattle Market Linkages with Supply-Side-Controlled Transitions
Authors: Li Wenying , Li Yunhan , Dorfman Jeffrey H.
Published: June 2019

Cattle are costly to transport, which could lead to segmented regional cattle markets. The cointegration of cattle prices over regions has been of research interest for decades. This article investigates price cointegration between regional cattle markets in the United States and proposes a simple procedure for incorporating a flexible transition function into an economic indicator–controlled smooth transition autoregressive (ECON-STAR) model to evaluate market dynamics. The empirical results show that these markets have been highly integrated when excess supply exists, but when cattle inventories decrease, the market pattern becomes very regionally segmented.
Services for emergency department patients experiencing early pregnancy complications: A survey of Ontario hospitals
Authors: Glicksman Robin , McLeod Shelley L , Thomas Jackie , Varner Catherine
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Women experiencing complications of early pregnancy frequently seek care in the emergency department (ED), because most have not yet established care with an obstetrical provider. The primary objective of this study was to explore the services available (ED management, ultrasound access, and follow-up care) for ED patients experiencing early pregnancy loss or threatened early pregnancy loss in Ontario hospitals.

Methods

The emergency medicine chiefs of 71 Ontario hospital EDs with an annual census of more than 30,000 ED patient visits in 2017 were invited to complete a 30-item, online questionnaire using modified Dillman methodology.

Results

Respondents from 63 EDs across Ontario completed the survey (response rate 88.7%). Of the EDs surveyed, 34 (54.0%) reported that they did not have access to early pregnancy clinic services for women who presented to the ED with early pregnancy complications that were safe to discharge home. At these hospitals, it was found that patients were followed up in 14 (41.2%) EDs for the same complications, including pregnancy of unknown location and threatened abortion. Respondents also stated that a radiologist-interpreted ultrasound was available to only 22 (34.9%) of hospital sites for 24 hours, 7 days per week for women with early pregnancy complications.

Conclusions

The results of this study highlight the reliance of some hospitals on the ED to provide ongoing follow-up care to patients experiencing complications of early pregnancy. The lack of clinical resources and specialized personnel in Ontario hospital EDs makes supporting these women longitudinally unrealistic, exposing them to undue risk and complications.
Neurological Worsening After Implantable Pulse Generator Replacement
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Murgai Aditya , Jog Mandar
Published: June 2019

Background:

Most of the implantable pulse generators (IPGs) in deep brain stimulation (DBS) used to date are non-rechargeable requiring regular replacements. IPG replacement is a minor surgical procedure, but adverse events including neurological worsening have been reported. In this study, we determine the possibility of neurological worsening after IPG replacement in Parkinson’s disease (PD) cases on chronic DBS therapy (CDT) and its electrophysiological basis along with the therapeutic interventions used to alleviate them.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective chart review of PD cases on CDT followed at London Movement Disorders Centre from January 2010 to December 2016. Included cases were those who underwent one or more IPG replacement.

Results:

A total of 45 PD cases on CDT underwent 62 IPG replacements involving 121 channels. Neurological worsening was observed in 16 (35.5%) cases following 17 (27.4%) IPG replacements, all following dual-channel IPG replacements. Tremor (41.2%), speech (35.3%), and gait (23.5%) worsened most commonly. Deviation from the pre-replacement parameters including voltage and impedance resulting in change in total electrical energy delivered (TEED) was the most common electrophysiological correlate, observed in 82.4% (14/17) IPGs having neurological worsening. This included switched laterality in a dual-channel IPG. Neurological worsening in the remaining 17.6% cases was hardware-related.

Conclusion:

Neurological worsening followed 27.4% of IPG replacements in PD cases on CDT with approximately 82.4% of these being avoidable by carefully monitoring stimulation parameters to match pre-replacement TEED values.
High-repetition-rate and high-power picosecond regenerative amplifier based on a single bulk Nd:GdVO4 crystal
Authors: Guo Jie , Wang Wei , Lin Hua , Liang Xiaoyan
Published: June 2019

We report on a high-repetition-rate, high-power continuously pumped Nd:GdVO4regenerative amplifier. Numerical simulations successfully pinpoint the optimum working point free of bifurcation instability with simultaneous efficient energy extraction. At a repetition rate of 100 kHz, a maximum output power of 23 W was obtained with a pulse duration of 27 ps, corresponding to a pulse energy of$230~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{J}$. The system displayed an outstanding stability with a root mean square power noise as low as 0.3%. The geometry of the optical resonator and the pumping scheme enhanced output power in the$\text{TEM}_{00}$mode with a single bulk crystal. Accordingly, nearly diffraction-limited beam quality was produced with$M^{2}\approx 1.2$at full pump power.
The impact of incorporating early rapid influenza diagnosis on hospital occupancy and hospital acquired influenza
Authors: Nesher Lior , Tsaban Gal , Dreiher Jacob , Rolston Kenneth V.I. , Ifergane Gal , Shemer Yonat , Borer Abraham , Riesenberg Klaris
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To assess the impact of incorporating early rapid influenza diagnosis on antimicrobial usage, nosocomial influenza transmission, length of stay, and occupancy rates among hospitalized patients.

Setting:

A 1,100 bed tertiary-care hospital in southern Israel.

Methods:

We implemented early rapid detection of influenza with immediate communication of results. Using Orion methods, we compared the 2017–2018 influenza season to the prior season in our hospital and to the 2017–2018 occupancy rates at other Israeli hospitals.

Results:

During the intervention season, 5,006 patients were admitted; 1,824 were tested for influenza, of whom 437 (23.9%) were positive. In the previous season, 4,825 patients were admitted; 1,225 were tested and 288 (23.5%) were positive. Time from admission to test report decreased from 35.5 to 18.4 hours (P < .001). Early discharge rates significantly increased, from 21.5% to 41.6% at 36 hours, from 37.2% to 54.5% at 48 hours, and from 66% to 73.2% at 72 hours. No increase in repeat ER visits, readmission, or mortality rates was observed. Hospital occupancy decreased by 10% compared to the previous year and was 26% lower than the national rate. Hospital-acquired influenza cases were reduced from 37 (11.4%) to 12 (2.7%) (P < .001). Antibiotic usage was reduced both before and after notification of test results by 16% and 12%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Implementing this intervention led to earlier discharge of patients, lower occupancy in medical wards, reduced antibiotic administration, and fewer hospital-acquired influenza events. This strategy is useful for optimizing hospital resources, and its implementation should be considered for upcoming influenza seasons.
Bringing families to the table: meaningful inclusion of families/significant others in adult eating disorder programmes
Authors: Boland S. , Byrne A. , De Jongh C. , Hackett W. , O’Neill S.
Published: June 2019

In Ireland, traditionally, most public Adult Mental Health Services (AMHSs) had a small cohort of service users with eating disorders (EDs) in their service. However, over the last 5 years, the National Clinical Programmes have been encouraging Mental Health Services to develop ED programmes in each catchment area. This has culminated in a model of care for EDs for children and adults. It appears that in relation to AMHSs, meaningful inclusion of families/significant other(s) in ED programmes is somewhat inconsistent. This paper will discuss the possible impact of excluding or minimising family/significant other(s)’ inclusion. It will also outline a suggested approach of including families/significant other(s) in a meaningful way in an out-patient ED programme.