bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of biostimulants Regoplant and Stimpo to increase wheat resistance to salinity conditions
Authors: Tsygankova V. A. , Spivak S. I. , Shysha O. M. , Pastukhova N. L. , Yemets A. I. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: October 2021

aim. Investigation of bioprotective action of polycomponent biostimulants of natural origin Regoplant and Stimpo according to physiological and molecular genetic parameters of resistance of winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Antonivka ta Hoduval'nytsya odes'ka to the salinity conditions. Methods. The physiological parameters of resistance of experimental wheat plants obtained from seeds treated and untreated with solutions of Regoplant and Stimpo biostimulants used at concentrations of 50 μl/L and 75 μl/L grown under salt stress on 0,1 M sodium chloride solution were studied. Using Dot blotting method the degree of hybridization between cytoplasmic si/miRNA isolated from cells of experimental wheat plants grown under salinity conditions and mRNA of control plants grown in the absence of salinity conditions was determined. In the wheat embryo cell-free system of protein synthesis in vitro the silencing activity of si/miRNA on the template of mRNA isolated from cells of experimental wheat plants grown under salt stress conditions and control plants was studied. Results. It was found that the use of biostimulants Regoplant and Stimpo by soaking the seeds of wheat plants for 24 hours at concentrations of 50 μl/L and 75 μl/L improved the physiological parameters of wheat plants grown under salt stress conditions, which increased on average: seed germination – up to 69-75%, the length of seedlings – up to 28-37%, the length of roots – up to 41-42%, leaf area – up to 25-38%, the raw weight of seedlings – up to 48-53%, the dry weight of seedlings – up to 37-46 %, respectively, compared to control. The Dot-blot hybridization method showed that the largest decrease in the percentage of hybridized mRNA and si/miRNA molecules was observed in experimental wheat plants grown from seeds treated with Regoplant and Stimpo biostimulants under salt stress conditions - up to 66-75%, respectively, compared to control. The increase of silencing activity of si/miRNA on the template of mRNA isolated from experimental wheat plants obtained from seeds treated with Regoplant and Stimpo biostimulants and grown under salt stress conditions was shown to be 39-42%, respectively, compared to control. Conclusions. The use of biostimulants Regoplant and Stimpo in concentrations of 50 μl/L and 75 μl/L for presowing seed treatment contributes to the increase of the resistance of winter wheat plants to salinity conditions.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., polycomponent biostimulants, resistance of wheat to salinity conditions, RNA interference.
Structure-based virtual screening for new lead compounds targeted Plasmodium α-tubulin
Authors: Rayevsky O. V. , Demchyk O. M. , Karpov P. A. , Ozheredov S. P. , Spivak S. I. , Yemets A. I. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: October 2021

Aim. Search for new dinitroaniline and phosphorothioamide compounds, capable of selective binding with Plasmodium α-tubulin, affecting its mitotic apparatus. Methods. Structural biology methods of computational prediction of protein-ligand interaction: molecular docking, molecular dynamics and pharmacophore analysis. Selection of compounds based on pharmacophore characteristics and virtual screening results. Results. The protocol and required structural conditions for target (α-tubulin of P. falciparum) preparation and correct modeling of the ligand-protein interaction (docking and virtual screening) were developed. The generalized pharmacophore model of ligand-protein interaction and key functional groups of ligands responsible for specific binding were identified. Conclusions. Based on results of virtual screening, 22 commercial compounds were selected. Identified compounds proposed as potential inhibitors of Plasmodium mitotic machinery and the base of new antimalarial drugs.

Keywords: malaria, Plasmodium, intermolecular interaction, dinitroaniline derived, phosphorothioamidate derived.
Analysis of interaction mechanisms between main objects of tuberculosis-target therapy and corresponding selective inhibitors
Authors: Samofalova D. O. , Rayevsky O. V. , Ozheredov S. P. , Spivak S. I. , Stykhylias m. m. , Ozheredov D. S. , Karpov P. A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. Search for new inhibitors of the mitotic apparatus of mycobacterium and a number of enzymatic targets. Methods. 3D models of key targets reconstruction and geometry optimization and analysis of biologically active conformations of inhibitors were performed according to a previously developed technique. Results. A revision of mycobacterial inhibitors, which exhibit antimicrobial action against representatives of the genus Mycobacterium, was carried out, which made it possible to create an appropriate reference library of compounds. The complete spatial structure of a number of the main targets of targeted therapy for tuberculosis was reconstructed and verified, and the features of their interaction with selective inhibitors were established. Chemogenomic profiling was performed, which made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the uniqueness of the studied sites and the potential toxicity of compounds related to these sites for humans. Conclusions. A well-developed search algorithm for known inhibitors of proteins with M. tuberculosis allows further study of the features of their interaction with the corresponding homologues of M. bovis and the development of new, more selective compounds using molecular dynamics and docking methods.

Keywords: tuberculosis, in silico, anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Alexander Fleming (to the 140th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Voloshyn O. S. , Humeniuk H. B. , Chen I. B.
Published: October 2021

Alexander Fleming is a prominent Scottish scientist, Nobel laureate, and bacteriologist who discovered penicillin. He was born near the small town Darwell in Scotland. He studied at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School and received his master’s and bachelor’s degrees from London University. The research of the young scientist began with the study of the etiology, diagnosis and vaccine therapy of infectious diseases, he soon began working on finding treatment options for patients with bacterial infections with a talented military doctor Almroth Wright. Working in the Royal Military Medical Service during the First World War, A. Wright and O. Fleming showed that the use of antiseptics after injury does not destroy bacterial pathogens effectively. After the war, O. Fleming made an extremely important discovery of a lytic enzyme with a pronounced antibacterial effect - lysozyme. This discovery prompted him to search for antibacterial drugs actively. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic – penicillin. He found that penicillin is an effective antibacterial substance that can affect pyogenic cocci and diphtheria bacilli. The widespread introduction of penicillin into clinical practice has saved hundreds millions of lives.

Keywords: penicillin, lysozyme, antibiotics, bacterial infections.
Educational and scientific aspects of history of genetics and selection at The Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S. Makarenko (1960–1990)
Authors: Torianyk V. M. , Mironets L. P.
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the foundation of the Faculty of Natural Geography at the Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S. Makarenko. The article focuses on the primary aspects of educational and scientific work on genetics and selection performed by the lecturers of the Botany Department – Professor Nina Ivanivna Dehtiarova and Professor Mykhailo Ivanovych Steblianko, docent Klavdia Demianivna Honcharova and docent Maiia Havrylivna Shulha during the 1960s–1990s. Their contribution to the establishment and development of genetics and selection at higher pedagogical and secondary education institutions in Ukraine was analysed. The importance of Ukrainian genetics and selection for historiography as well as popularisation of scientific and pedagogical accomplishments of lecturers in higher education institutions, who are engaged in basic training of future genetics and selection specialists, was denoted.

Keywords: genetics, selection, history of the Faculty of Natural Geography, Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S. Makarenko.
Manifestation and variability of biometric characteristics in line-parental components and hybrids of maize using different genetic peninsular
Authors: Vozhegova R. A. , Lavrynenko Yu.O. , Marchenko T.Y. , Bazalii V.V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To establish the manifestation and variability of the trait "plant height" in the lines-parent components and hybrids of corn using different genetic plasmas, to determine the level of heterosis in newly created test crosses and to determine the influence of morphometric parameters on grain yield under irrigation. Methods. General scientific, special, comparative-analytical, regression, information-logical analysis and mathematical modeling. Results. The manifestation and variability of traits "plant height" and "height of cob attachment" in the lines - parent components and hybrids of corn with the use of different genetic plasmas were established. The level of heterosis in newly created test crosses under irrigation conditions was determined. The dependences of biometric parameters and their correlation with grain yield in the test of hybrids obtained with the participation of newly created initial forms of different embryonic plasmas were established. Conclusions. The ratio of plant height of hybrids by maturity groups and yield level showed that for the middle-early group, in the phase of cessation of linear growth, the optimal plant height is 235–265 cm, grain yield is 12.98–13.81 t/ha; for the middle-ripe group - 255–257 cm with grain yield at the level of 15.17–15.82 t/ha. For medium-late hybrids, the optimal plant height to ensure the highest grain yield (over 15 t/ha) is in the range from 270 to 280 cm.

Keywords: parental lines, genetic plasmas, hybrids, maize.
Combining ability of corn inbreds – carriers of mutations Su1 and Su2 on the content of oleic acid glycerides
Authors: Tymchuk D. S. , Potapenko G.S. , Tymchuk N.F. , Kuznetsova I.K.
Published: October 2021

Aim. Evaluation of donors’ properties of corn inbreds - carriers of endospermic mutations su1 and su2 on the oleates content. Methods. A series of hybrids obtained in top- crosses of 10 inbreds of the common type with four testers – low-oleic and high-oleic inbreds of the common type and inbreds – carriers of the su1 and su2 mutations were analyzed. Oleates’s content was determined by the gas chromatographic method. Results. The highest effects of the general combining ability were shown by the inbreds obtained from high-oil synthetics and the inbreds - carriers the su1 and su2 mutations. Hybrids of low-oleic inbreds with the sources of su1 and su2 mutations had an increased content of oleates in comparison with maternal forms, and hybrids of high-oleic inbreds with the sources of these mutations inherited the oleates content in an intermediate type. In F2 hybrids from crosses of inbreds of the common type with the inbreds - carriers of the su1 and su2 mutations, transgressions were observed. Conclusions. The increased content of oleates in corn inbreds inbreds and hybrids is most likely controlled by oleate - coding loci of chromosome 4 and 6 linked to mutant genes su1 and su2. The carriers of these genes can be used as sources of increased oleate content in the corn breeding for oil quality.

Key words: Zea mays L., endospermic mutants, oleates content, top-crosses
Impact of NaCl on physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) plants
Authors: Tagieva K. R. , Azizov I. V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The effect of 50 and 100 mmol NaCl concentrations on seed germination, the content of green pigments in seedlings, and on the activity of photosystem II in seedlings of maize varieties Zagatala 420, Zagatala 514, Zagatala 68 and Gurur and hybrid Gurur x Zagatala 68 was studied. Methods. Plant seeds were germinated under laboratory conditions in Petri dishes and pots with soil using 50 and 100 mmol of sodium chloride solutions. Germination, seed germination energy had been determined. In two-week old seedlings determined the number of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of photosystem II. Results. High concentrations (100 mmol) of NaCl reduced seed germination, pigments number, and photosystem II activity. At a salt concentration of 100 mmol, an increase in the carbohydrate content was noted. Conclusions. Varieties Gurur and Zagatala 68 and hybrid Gurur x Zagatala 68 were more tolerant compared to varieties Zagatala 420, Zagatala 514.

Keywords: maize, NaCl, photosynthetic pigments, photosystem II.
Assessment of introgression wheat lines for yield, protein yield and resistance to diseases
Authors: Motsnyi I. I. , Molodchenkova O.O. , Bezlyudnyi V.N. , Litvinenko M.A. , Holub Ye.A. , Fanin J.S.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To determine the value of breeding traits from new sources by studying the resistance to diseases, protein content and their relationship with the productivity of introgression wheat lines. Methods. Growing plants under infection backgrounds of wheat diseases was combined with the laboratory methods for determining protein content and weight of 1000 kernels. Results. Disease resistance has depended on the pathogen species and the source of alien variability. Prolonged resistance to stem rust has been observed only among the derivatives of the collection sample H74/90-245, containing the translocation 1BL.1RS in the karyotype and T. timopheevii in the pedigree. Derivatives Ae. tauschii gradually lost the resistance to the time of full maturation. Conclusions. The parameters of plant resistance to diseases, protein content and yield, absolute protein content in 1000 kernels should be used for the material selection. The best lines have been selected from 736 introgression lines. They characterized by high productivity in some years, large grain, high protein content, disease resistance, adaptability to local environments and devoid of the wild species negative qualities. The lines are of interest for further breeding work in the south of Ukraine. Lines with leaf pubescence from T. timopheevii and with modified translocation 1BL.1RSm were characterized by low productivity.Keywords: wheat, introgression lines, disease resistance, protein content, productivity.
Estimation of genotypic features of effects of plant treatment with growth regulators on canopy parameters and yield of winter wheat
Authors: Priadkina G. A. , Stasik O.O. , Makharinska N.M. , Kondratskaya I.P.
Published: October 2021

Aim. A study of the effects of growth regulators derived from natural raw materials on the photosynthetic apparatus surface and the yield of winter wheat. Methods. Morphometric, spectrophotometric, statistical. Results. An increase in the value of canopy chlorophyll index (ChlI) of Smuhlianka and Astarta varieties under the treatment of plants with Stimpo growth stimulator was established at anthesis, a positive effect of the regulator Regoplant – only for Smuhlianka variety at milk-wax ripeness. Chlorophyll photosynthetic potential (ChlP) during the period anthesis – milk-wax ripeness increased significantly under the use of growth regulators in both varieties, while the efficiency of treatments had varietal differences: growth was greater (11–18% compared to control) in the variety Smuhlianka than in the variety Astarta (6–7%). A positive correlation was established between the yield and ChlP during the period anthesis – milk-wax ripeness. Under the action of treatment of plants with growth regulators, the increase in grain yield was significant (0.29–0.45 t/ha) only in the variety Smuhlianka. Conclusions. The positive effect of treatments of plants with growth regulators, obtained from natural raw materials, on the value of canopy ChlI at anthesis and ChlP during period anthesis – milk-wax ripeness was established. A positive correlation between the winter wheat yield and ChlP during the period anthesis – milk-wax ripeness was found. Varietal differences in the effect of growth regulators treatment of plants on ChlP and yield were found.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., grain productivity, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll photosynthetic potential, growth regulator.
Initial developmental rate delay in modern highly productive cultivars of winter bread wheat from West Europe
Authors: Stelmakh A. F. , Litvinenko N.A. , Fait V.I.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To evaluate the vernalization requirement duration and sensitivity to photoperiod in the set of modern high yielding winter bread wheat cultivars from West Europe which are proposed for production in Ukraine. Methods. Planting in natural and shortened photoperiods followed by artificial vernalizing variants of 5-days green seedlings have been used for heading dates registration. Results. Many foreign cultivars revealed the durable vernalization requirement and strong photosensitivity. Few stocks were characterized by the week analogous physiological reactions, which are typical in most modern Ukrainian cultivars and breeding lines. Conclusions. Reveled data confirmed the adaptive value of discussed properties for specific environment which are similar to Ukrainian one in many zones of winter wheat cultivation. And they refute the assertion that strong photosensitivity and durable vernalization requirement limit the improvement of yield potential by selection.

Keywords: winter bread wheat, vernalization requirement, photosensitivity, modern cultivars from West Europe.
Differentiation of eiincorns by water retention capacity
Authors: Fu Hao , Lyutenko V.S. , Zhmurko V.V. , Bohuslavskyi R. L.
Published: October 2021

Aim. On the basis of multivariate analysis, to differentiate einkorn wheat accessions by the water-holding capacity of leaves and ears and the parameters of these organs at the level of species and genotypes. Methods. The water-holding capacity was assessed by the moisture-yielding coefficient which was determined by the method of N.N. Kozhushko (Kozhushko, 1988). Differentiation of einkorn samples was carried out by the method of principal components in the interpretation of A.V. Korosov (Korosov, 1996). Results. Triticum monococcum UA0300113, Syria, and UA0300282, Hungary were characterized by the lowest specific moisture-yielding coefficients: for the second and flag leaves, respectively, (mg / cm2) 10.9, 7.0 and 11.4, 10.7; ears – the same samples as well as Triticum boeoticum UA0300401, Ukraine-Crimea: (mg / cm) 29.6, 28.2, 25.4. With an increase in the size of the lamina, there is a tendency to a decrease in its specific moisture yield. The samples of eincorn are differentiated into 4 clusters corresponding to the species. Conclusions. T. monococcum UA0300113, Syria, and UA0300282, Hungary are relatively drought tolerant. The complex of features characterizing leaf and spike size in combination with the moisture-yielding coefficients processed by the method of principal components makes it possible to differentiate einkorn oaccessions by species and genotype.

Keywords: einkorns, moisture yield, drought resistance, leaf, ear.
Evaluation of population frequency for age-dependent multifactorial disorders
Authors: Atramentova L. O. , Utevska O.M.
Published: October 2021

Aim. Description of the method to calculate the population incidence of age- and sex-dependent multifactorial diseases. Methods. For the analysis, we used statistical material of psychiatric hospitals in the Kharkiv region for 2016. Calculation of the population frequency was carrying out according to the methodology used in demographic studies. Results. In medical genetics, population frequency is mainly used for prognostic purposes to assess the genetic load of a population or to calculate the probability to inherit a disease. Evaluation of the population frequency of multifactorial disease is complicated by varying age of onset, differential survival, different thresholds of hereditary predisposition for men and women. Prevalence, which is often used instead population frequency, is not a gene pool characteristic and is not useful for genetic analysis and risk assessment. The population frequency, calculated for affective disorders by the proposed method (0.184%), is 1.33 times higher than the prevalence rate (0.138%), that is, a third of cases when using the prevalence turns out to be lost that distorts the derived genetic indicators. Conclusions. For the correct evaluation of the population frequency, the age-specific incidence for two sexes separately must be estimated, followed by the calculation of the cumulative frequencies.

Keywords: multifactorial diseases, prevalence, morbidity, population frequency.
Secondary amenorrhea in girls: genealogical and cytogenetic features
Authors: Bagatska N. V. , Nefidova V.E. , Novohatska S.V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To determine genealogical and cytogenetic features in girls aged 12-17 years with secondary amenorrhea. Methods. The analysis of pedigrees was conducted in 25 families of girls with secondary amenorrhea (main group) and in 25 families of healthy girls in the laboratory of medical genetics of SI "ICAHC NAMS". Cytogenetic analysis was carried out in the blood lymphocytes of the girls of the main and control groups in vitro. The control group consisted of 25 healthy peer girls with a regular menstrual cycle without somatic pathology. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the Student's t-test in Excel programs. Results. The hereditary burden on non-inflammatory (hormone-dependent) gynecological diseases was found in 60.0% of families, in 86.6% of cases – along the maternal line, in 6.7% – along the paternal line, in 6.7% – on both lines at the same time; 40.0% of girls had no hereditary burden. The total incidence of gynecological (non-inflammatory) diseases among relatives of three degrees of kinship was 13.6%, which was almost three times higher than the frequency in relatives of healthy girls (5.1%, p < 0.001). Cytogenetic analysis conducted in girls of the main group showed an increase in both the overall level of chromosomal disorders (6.2%), and their individual types (3.2%. 3.0%, 1.56%) compared to the frequency in healthy girls. Conclusions. Family accumulation of gynecological (non-inflammatory) diseases in the pedigree of girls with secondary amenorrhea has been established. Cytogenetic features in the blood lymphocytes of sick girls are revealed compared to healthy peers. 

Keywords: girls, pedigrees, cytogenetic indices, secondary amenorrhea.
Dynamics of natural selection in two generations (on the example of the population of the Kirovograd region)
Authors: Kovleva K. K. , Kozak N.A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. In connection with the success of modern medicine, the pressure of natural selection in various civilized human populations is weakening, which leads to the accumulation of a genetic load. The purpose of this work was to trace the change in the intensity of natural selection among population of the Kirovograd region in two successive generations. Methods. The collection of material was carried out in 2020 and 2021. Anonymous questionnaires were conducted and medical histories of women of post-reproductive age of the Kirovograd region were studied. The first generation included 40 women born in 1937–1959; the second generation consists of 273 women born in 1960–1981. Results. The total selection index was 0.27 in the first generation, and 0.37 in the second generation. The percentage of women who have not had pregnancies increased from the first generation to the second from 2.5 to 3.7, respectively. Conclusions. The index of total selection in the Kirovograd region population for one generation increased by almost one and a half times (from 0.27 to 0.37), as well as the index of differential fertility (from 0.25 to 0.35).

Keywords: reproductive characteristics, Kirovograd population, Crow's index, selection, generations.
KIR-HLAC genotyping in married couples with early reproductive losses of unknown genesis
Authors: Sosnina K. O. , Zastavna D.V. , Terpyliak O.I.
Published: October 2021

Aim. KIR-HLAC genotyping in married couples with early idiopathic pregnancy loss. Methods. DNA extraction and purification, PCR-SSP, agarose gel electrophoresis. Results. The spectrum of KIR genes was analyzed and the frequency of KIR genotypes in women with early reproductive losses was established. The most common (77.78 %) was the AB genotype, 20.37 % had the AA genotype, and 1.85 % had the BB genotype. HLAC genotyping of couples with regular early reproductive losses showed the C1/C2 genotype of the HLAC gene in 40.74 % of women and 44.44 % of men. The frequency of C1/C1 genotype in women was 27.78% versus 38.89 % in men. The C2/C2 genotype of the HLAC gene was detected in 31.48 % of women and 12.96 % of men. According to the results of KIR-HLAC analysis of genotyping of married couples with early reproductive losses, a high/significant risk of reproductive losses of immunological genesis was found in 55.56 % of cases. Conclusions. KIR-HLAC genotyping is a genetic test that allows to assess the risks of the embryo being rejected by the maternal immune system, and thus to direct medical interventions in order to achieve a successful pregnancy.

Keywords: early reproductive losses, KIR, HLAC.
Anxiety and depression: population distribution and family associations
Authors: Etkalo E. N. , ATRAMENTOVA L.A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to characterize the population distribution of psychiatric phenotypes according to anxiety and depression. Methods. The level of anxiety and depression was assessed with the HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale test. Students in grades 9-11 of secondary schools in Kharkiv, as well as their parents, were tested. We tested 306 persons from 115 families. Results. The frequency of depression among men in the Kharkiv population is 9%, among women 11%, among boys 15%, among girls 22%; the frequency of increased anxiety among men is 14%, among women 22%, among boys 19%, among girls 44%. There is a positive relationship between anxiety and depression in older men and women, expressed by the association coefficient in men rDT =0.45, in women rDT =0.79. The relatives revealed a similarity in psychological types, described by the association index for depression in mother/daughter pairs r = 0.40, mother/son r = 0.03, father/daughter r = 0.20, father/son r = 0.40; for anxiety: mother/daughter r = 0.15, mother/son r = 0.05, father/daughter r = 0.24, father/son r = 0.01. Conclusions. Individuals of the younger generation are more likely to have signs of anxiety and depression than those of their parents' generation. The parent-offspring phenotype relationship is stronger in same-sex couples compared to opposite-sex couples.

Keywords: depression, anxiety, population distribution, family analysis.
Study of the intrapopulation polymorphism of Trifolium repens L. from Lanivtsi under the anthropogenic load of various intensity
Authors: Kryzhanovska M. M. , Holub N. Ya. , Prokopiak M. Z. , Holinei H. M.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To study the phenotypic polymorphism of Trifolium repens L. populations growing under various anthropogenic load. Methods. The quantitative calculation of the leaves of the white clover by the presence or absence of the white leaf mark; the identification of the phenotype and genotype of the plant according to the pattern of the white leaf mark; the analysis of the phenotypic diversity and the study of the percentage of rare phenotypes; the calculation of the index of the phenotypes ratio. Results. 4 phenotypes were identified in the pasture area. The most common of them were the plants without the white mark with a frequency of 56.2 %. The plants with a full spot accounted for 27.5 %, with a spot with a gap – 15.4 %, with a central spot – 2.2 %. Heterozygous plants were absent. In the central part of the city, 7 genotypes were identified. Among these genotypes there were the significant decrease of the recessive homozygotes (by 43.6 %) and the increase of the frequency of VV (by 15.2 %) and VHVH (by 21.2 %) genotypes. Heterozygotes accounted for 1.3–3.0 %. The intrapopulation diversity in this territory was the highest (5.1) among the studied areas. In the population growing near Ternopil-Lanivtsi road, we identified 6 genotypes. The plants without spot (vv) and with the full spot (VV) were found with identical frequency of 34–35 %. The plants with a full high spot (VHVH) were about 20.4 %. Other phenotypes amounted to 10 %. Conclusions. In the populations located in ecologically polluted and anthropogenically loaded areas, the sets of alleles expand and the specific phenotypes appear under the influence of the mutation processes and natural selection. In the population without the anthropogenic load the decrease of the polymorphism and the increase of the frequency of individual genotypes (vv, VV) were observed.

Keywords: Trifolium repens L., leaf phenotype, intrapopulation polymorphism, multiple allelism, bioindication, anthropogenic load.
Entre la poire et le fromage
Authors: Brayat Aurélie
Published: October 2021

En 2018, le savoir-faire de la Fourme de Montbrison a été inscrite à l’inventaire du patrimoine culturel immatériel de la France. Après le Salers en 2016, c’est le deuxième fromage, en France, à obtenir ce type de reconnaissance patrimoniale. Ce fromage AOC à pâte persillée issu de la transformation de laits de vache crus ou pasteurisés, apparaît ainsi parmi les produits fromagers précurseurs dans une démarche d’association entre patrimoine (notamment immatériel) et développement local. Avec ce nouveau « label », qui donne à ce produit une visibilité dépassant les frontières du Forez et de la Loire, les acteurs locaux jouent pleinement la carte « patrimoine alimentaire et culinaire » pour développer leur territoire. Investis d’un rôle dépassant ses fonctions premières nutritives, ce produit semble perçu comme une réponse à de nombreux enjeux. Qu’il s’agisse des valeurs portées par ce produit local, de la performativité attendue, de la marchandisation et de la mobilisation du patrimoine à des fins économiques, cette tendance questionne la notion de patrimoine. Nous livrons ici les premiers éléments d’une étude en cours riche en paradoxes : les étapes de la patrimonialisation de la fourme de Montbrison et la compréhension du phénomène à travers le décryptage des discours patrimoniaux.
Festival culturel ŋgím nu du peuple Bamendou (Cameroun)
Authors: Donlefack Martin
Published: October 2021

Les questions d’identité et de culture drainent avec elles une forte teneur symbolique en ce qu’elles se situent au centre des rapports humains ; elles ressortent les rapports entre l’homme et son semblable, les brassages des peuples, les syncrétismes culturels, les enjeux économiques, les préoccupations mémorielles… Ces dernières décennies au Cameroun, elles fascinent de plus en plus, suscitent des polémiques, animent des débats et orientent certaines décisions et politiques publiques. En tant qu’entité politique construite sur des valeurs identitaires ou culturelles communes à un peuple et sur des expériences historiques propres à elle, la Chefferie Supérieure Bamendou au Cameroun ne peut que réaffirmer le rôle qu’elle a joué et la place qu’elle a occupée dans tous ces processus historiques. Le festival culturel ngím nu des Bamendou s’inscrit ainsi dans une volonté de valoriser ce pan important de son passé, de lutter contre l’oubli, de rapprocher les peuples en encourageant la culture de paix et de tolérance. C’est donc tous ces aspects qui ont encouragé et soutenu l’organisation de la 54e édition du festival ngím nu en mars 2019 (édition de la relance). Parce que nous avons été au coeur de l’organisation de cet événement, nous avons eu le privilège de rassembler un ensemble de témoignages oraux, écrits et iconographiques. L’exploitation et la confrontation de ces sources nous permettent de présenter un modèle festivalier qui s’impose comme une arme locale et culturelle contre l’acculturation devenue un facteur d’instabilité sociale et politique (conflits ethniques et conflits entre et au sein des grandes religions monothéistes) et comme une implémentation objective des politiques de restauration et de valorisation des valeurs patrimoniales. Ce festival est aussi un moyen efficace de reconstitution d’une mémoire collective effritée par un passé colonial culturellement douloureux.
Un acteur entre deux réseaux antagoniques dans la Martinique de la Libération : la brève et tragique administration du gouverneur Ponton (1943-1944)
Authors: Lavenaire Maël
Published: October 2021

Arrivé en Martinique dans le contexte de la Libération, entre août 1943 et juillet 1944, le gouverneur Georges-Louis Ponton se distingue par la construction d’un réseau, aussi bien politique que culturel tout à fait inédit dans l’histoire de la haute fonction publique de cette colonie. En se rapprochant des intellectuels noirs martiniquais et du milieu socialiste, le réseau qu’il met en place est à l’image de sa vision politique « progressiste ». Très rapidement, son objectif est de permettre à la Martinique d’être érigée au statut de département français. Néanmoins, ce jeune gouverneur qui doit répondre également aux attentes fortes de la plantocratie des blancs créoles martiniquais se retrouve pris au piège d’une société coloniale qu’il ne connaît pas assez et dont les antagonismes socio-raciaux qui datent de plusieurs siècles, sont particulièrement intenses.
Postcolonial theory and its Impact upon modern historical-anthropological research of Latin America
Authors: Veselova Irina
Published: October 2021

The object of this research is the postcolonial theory, while the subject is its impact upon the historical, and namely, historical-anthropological research of Latin America. The author examines such peculiarities of post-colonialism as the problem of identification, the “oppressed”, the importance of linguistic component of scientific description, as well as the political bias of this direction. Attention is turned to the process of adaptation of postcolonial theory to Latin American scientific foundation; emphasis is placed on the fact that the region has its own tradition of interpretation of the colonial past that results in occurrence of the so-called phenomenon of decolonial turn within the Latin American humanities. Based on the comparative method and qualitative content analysis of the works dedicated to postcolonial theory, the author demonstrates the presence of a wide range of opinions of Latin American researchers on such concepts as “colonialism: and “Latin Americanism”. The conclusion is made that the intense discussion on the theoretical aspects of colonial and decolonial theory may underlie the new vector in the historical studies of Latin America.  At the same time, decolonial turn alongside postcolonial theory, raise a number of questions, the solution of which is vital for the development of accurate methodology for further scientific research. For the Russian Latin American scholars, the new trends turn into a special challenge that should be considered in carrying out historical and anthropological research.
Legal regulation of the supply agreement in Russia
Authors: Morozov Andrei Aleksandrovich , Svarchevskii Konstantin Gennad'evich , Sachenko Aleksei Leonidovich
Published: October 2021

The subject of this research is examination of the causes for the emergence of the contractual structure for the supply of goods, as well as the evolution of the development of legal regulation mechanism of the supply agreements in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union, and modern Russia. The study of the supply agreement is conducted in its relation to the purchase and sale agreement. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the importance of knowing the peculiarities of regulation of civil law framework of the supply agreement and the need for systematization of views upon the development of legal regulation mechanism of the supply agreement in different periods and political systems in Russia, thereby dividing all periods of legal regulation of the supply agreement into several stages. The author underlines the importance of comparative analysis of the purchase and sale agreement with the supply agreement throughout the entire time of their coexistence. The author systematizes the information on the development of legal regulation mechanism of the supply agreement; offers the original classification of its evolution consisting of several stages: prerevolutionary, Soviet, and modern; substantiates the formulated conclusions; analyzes the interrelation between the purchase and sale agreement and the supply agreement, as well as their role during each of the highlighted stated of evolution of the legal regulation mechanism of the supply agreement. The article also analyzes the peculiarities of the purchase and sale agreements within the framework of each period under review; determines the status of the purchase and sale agreement, and the degree of its autonomy.
An Industrial Enterprise in an Agrarian Region: The Influence on the Population Dispersal and Migration System (a Case of Pudem Iron Works, the 18th-19th Centuries)
Authors: Zhurbin Igor Vital'evich , Pislegin Nikolay Viktorovich , Churakov Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: October 2021

A feature of the Ural mining districts which developed in the second half of the 18th-19th centuries was that new industrial production was locally "introduced" into the existing agricultural settling system. To build a plant a new undeveloped plot was taken. The main criteria were the excess to natural resources necessary for manufacturing and transport routes. According to this principle many iron works and copper works were built in Udmurtiya. Pudem Iron Works were a case too. The main task was to evaluate the impact of the emerging innovations in economic activity on regional development. The formation of the settlement network was found in maps, written and statistical sources of the 17th-20th centuries. Historical data are used that demonstrate the initial stage of settlement, the period when Pudem Iron Works were in its prime and the years of decreasing manufacturing intensity. The use of historical maps demanded their transformation to a modern topological basis and the need to analyze the dynamics of the territory development required the construction of a geoinformation system of settlements. A comprehensive analysis provided for correlating the trends in the formation of a settlements network with migration processes. The initial formation of Udmurt agrarian settlements was influenced by external migrations. Cheptsa banks (the main river of the region) were the first to be developed. Later the banks of its tributaries were settled. After the first wave of external migrations the "oldest" settlements became the centers of internal settlement. Internal migrations occurred until the end of the 19th century. The analysis of the territory settlement dynamics has demonstrated that the creation of Pudem Iron Works (1758) practically did not affect the settling system of the region. Until the beginning of the 20th century the industrial component in the region was limited to the ironworks district and its nearest district. A characteristic feature of the 19th century is the external and internal migration of the Russian population. But at the same time the newly created settlements focused exclusively on the agricultural system of economy.
Social Profile of Gulag Prisoners - Authors of Memoirs
Authors: Goretskaia Ekaterina Mikhailovna
Published: October 2021

Political repressions affected representatives of all social strata and groups. This period left a bulk of documents, including memoirs, where the most intimate and difficult thoughts and recollections of their authors are reflected. One of valuable sets of memoirs of political repressions history is collected by the Sakharov Center website. The electronic resource "Memories of the Gulag and their authors" is valuable not only because it exhibits memoirs of more than one and a half thousand people who suffered from repressions but also because of the biographical information about the authors of these memoirs compiled on the basis of information from the memoirs. Biographical data on the victims of the Gulag system became the main source of this study. They allow us to describe and analyze the social portrait of Gulag victims who left memories. Biographical data became a source for creating the database "Gulag prisoners-authors of memoirs". The social portrait of the repressed and its characteristic features were described, as well as a comparison of the social portrait of male and female prisoners was made. Males and females were analyzed separately to pursue the goal set. The analysis suggests that there is a certain similarity of biographical characteristics among the authors of the memoirs which is probably due to the fact that the educated, intelligent segments of the population were one of the objects of a purposeful repressive policy followed in the Soviet state. .
GIS Measurement of Nobility's Lands in the Late 18th - First Half of the 19th Centuries
Authors: Kanishchev Valery Vladimirovich , Kunavin Konstantin Sergeevich
Published: October 2021

The article explores the way GIS technologies can be used to study historical dynamics of environmental processes in an agrarian society. It addresses several landowner estates in Tambovskaya Guberniya in the late 18th — first half of the 19th centuries when the vast steppe lands in the region were finally reclaimed. Since written documents have no clear evidence of the dynamics of sizes of various estate lands understudy, cartographic materials were the primary source for calculating this dynamics. Although there are some deviations from geographic coordinates in maps of the General Land Survey and Mende Land Survey, GIS technologies made it possible to determine (with a minimal error margin) changes in the area of the estates in general and residential, arable, meadow, forest and erosion lands in particular. Promising results of geoenvironmental calculations provided a solid foundation for a historical case study of environmental processes in landowner estates of the forest-steppe belt of Russia. The estates understudy were expanding due to the growth of settlements and arable lands at the expense of meadows and steppes and were characterized by a lack of forest exploitation. A technique introduced can be of value when studying the history of landowner and other estates which can boast preserved plans without distinct geographical references.
Free Map Services (Google, Yandex, OSM) for Creating historical GIS: Digital Map of the Trans-Siberian Railroad
Authors: Valetov Timur
Published: October 2021

The article describes technological aspects of digital historical map creation taking as an example the 1891–1916 Trans-Siberian Railroad map. The author faced two tasks. On the one hand, he wanted to create a historical GIS map in shapefile format; on the other hand his goal was to tell us about software tools and data which proved to be most suitable for solving the first task. Present day map services can be of use at the initial stage of digital map creation in case most of objects coincide with current ones. It is important however to know where discrepancies begin. The author studies various open access map services both corporate (Google, Yandex, Bing) and those created by many users on a crowd sourcing basis (OpenStreetMap, Wikimapia). He pays particular attention to work with Google Earth application which he considers to suit better than specialized GIS applications for the initial formation of a set of objects on the map (in this case, railway lines). The author compares open map services in particular those providing access to aerial (satellite) images of the Earth and addresses different kinds of cartographic systems properties as useful tools for historical GIS creation (satellite images, panoramic photos, the Wiki mode user comments, etc.).
Relation Database Covering Black Sea Region Prosopographical Studies of Italian Black Sea Trading Posts (13th - 15th cc.)
Authors: Karpov Sergei Pavlovich , Ilyashenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the process of database creation that covers notarial documents telling us about the history of an Italian trading post Tana (Azov). The material for the database has been collected over several years as part of a research addressing a set of documents about the history of medieval Italy. In the course of the research a considerable body of material has been collected. Its analysis was a hard task since data were arranged in a peculiar way. To achieve the goal a relational database consisting of sixteen tables which in turn contained several dozen fields has been created on the basis of DBMS Access. The article also describes the main goals and difficulties the database creation is accompanied by as well as those emerging when analysis by means of inquires is made. These are identification of names mentioned in the sources as well as identification and removal of multiple references to the same personalities. This database covers multilateral information about commercial transactions made in Tana in the 13th-15th centuries including places, dates and details of these transactions, detailed information about people involved as well as links to sources of this information.
Le forum de discussion: espace public des temps modernes
Authors: Compagnone Maria Rosa
Published: October 2021

Discussion forums on the web concern a large number of subjects such as domestic life (recipes and cooking), intimate life (pregnancy and sex life) or intellectual life (scientific subjects, school homework). Our study focuses on the analysis of the messages exchanged on the forums alfemminile.com, aufemminin. com, skuola.net, doctissimo.it and doctissimo.fr and its aim is therefore to examine, from a linguistic point of view, a type of network communication, discussion forums. While the research falls within the scope of analyzing the specifics of computer-mediated communication (CMO), it also helps to identify the diversity of writing practices with regard to the standard. Moreover it allows us to enrich our knowledge on the situation of text production, on writing, on reading text but also on the fictitious identity adopted by users such as genderswapping. This work, in a more general framework, will make it possible to know the trends in writing, which now integrates different semiotic forms, and finally to reflect on the influence of the medium on the very nature of the messages and the limits of this influence.
Féminisation linguistique et écriture inclusive: de quelques nouvelles formes langagières du français
Authors: Sullet-Nylander Françoise
Published: October 2021

From the 17th century to the present day, the French language has often been the subject of controversies relating to the development of its grammar or its lexicon. The one we are interested in in this article is relatively recent – at least it has expanded in recent years, in the wake of the MeToo movement, in 2017. In France, recent studies on the subject testify to the interest shown in the question, but also to the profound differences regarding the functions of these “new” language forms. The evolution of society is expressed in language, and conversely the language register the transformations of society. Drawing on the reflections of Alpheratz (2018), Cerquiglini (2018) and Viennot (2018), we will first present the different stages of these transformations of the French language, the moments of “tension” around the issue of gender in language, as well as the “principles” of inclusive language. Then, from a corpus of around 200 university emails, we will analyze some of these new language forms in use in this textual genre.