bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical diversity within a plant population of Nepeta crassifolia species: A rich source of nepetalactone in Iran
Authors: Asadi‐Corom Fereshteh , Zadeh Abdulhadi Hossein , Mirzaie‐Nodoushan Hossein , Bihamta MohammadReza
Published: June 2023

Investigation of genetic diversity between and within populations is the first step in plant breeding programs. The present study focused on the phytochemical variation of essential oils of half‐sib families within a plant population of Nepeta crassifolia species, collected from north of Tehran province, Iran. Air‐dried aerial parts of several half‐sib progenies were water distilled to extract their essential oils. Quantification and qualification of the essential oils constituents were carried out using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Dried plant materials, yielded from 0.09% to 0.73% (v/w) of essential oils. In half‐sib families between 9 and 19 compounds were observed. In all of the studied families the extracted oils were predominated by oxygenated monoterpenes, and regarding the main phytochemical components, three chemotypes were recognized in the studied population. In most of the half‐sib families, 4aα,7α,7aβ‐nepetalactone isomer was dominant composition (38.7%–87.6%), while in two families 4aα,7α,7aα‐nepetalactone isomer (41.6%) and 1,8‐cineol (42.1%) were dominant constitutes. Significant correlation was not seen between biomass, essential oil yield and nepetalactone isomers. Comparing the presented results with essential oil components of other Nepeta species, such as N. cataria, revealed that N. crassifolia can be considered as a commercial source of nepetalactone isomers. Thus, promoting domestication and cultivation of N. crassifolia as industrial and medicinal species should be noticed.
Associated factors for postoperative delirium following major abdominal surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Jianli , Wang Jing , Zhang Meng , Han Shuang , Du Yanru
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common postsurgical complication. The early identification of its risk factors is the first step toward reducing POD. The predictive factors for POD in patients after major abdominal surgery remain obscure. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aimed to comprehensively summarize the risk factors of POD after major abdominal surgery.

Methods

POD studies published between January, 1900 and June 2022 were obtained by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline. Two authors independently reviewed the studies to extract the risk factors and assessed the quality of related articles using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data were recorded, and a meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.1.

Results

Ten studies including total 2900 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, were eligible for analysis, 608 of whom developed POD, for a cumulative incidence of 21%. This pooled analysis suggested the statistically significant risk factors for POD were age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, lower preoperative Mini‐Mental State Examination score, cognitive impairment, preoperative Katz‐ADL score <6, preoperative and postoperative hypoalbuminemia, lower preoperative insulin‐like growth factor‐1 levels, and longer duration of anesthesia.

Conclusion

POD is common in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. This meta‐analysis identified risk factors that may aid the early detection of POD and play a prominent role in preventing POD.
Neural networks for estimating Macro Asset Pricing model in football clubs
Authors: Alaminos David , Esteban Ignacio , Salas M. Belén
Published: June 2023

The recent crisis caused by COVID‐19 directly affected consumption habits and the stability sof financial markets. In particular, the football industry has been hit hard by this pandemic and therefore has more volatile stock prices. Given this new scenario, further research is needed to accurately estimate the value of the shares of football clubs. In this paper, we estimate an asset pricing model in football clubs with different compositions of risk nature using non‐linear techniques of artificial neural networks. Usually, asset pricing models have been estimated with linear methods such as ordinary least squares. Our results show a precision higher than 90% for all the estimated models, which far exceeds those shown by linear methods in the previous literature. We find that the residual represents about 40% of the variance of the price‐dividend ratio. Long‐term risks follow in importance, and above all, the habit component and its behaviour in the face of changes. The importance of the residual component exists due to a low correlation between the asset price and consumer behaviour, but to a much lesser extent than that shown in previous studies. The estimation carried out with artificial neural networks, both the Deep Learning methods and especially the Quantum Neural Network, opens up new possibilities to estimate more efficiently the pricing of financial assets in the football industry.
Three‐dimensional irradiance and temperature distributions resulting from transdermal application of laser light to human knee—A numerical approach
Authors: Chaki Chironjeet , De Taboada Luis , Tse Kwong Ming
Published: June 2023

The use of light for therapeutic applications requires light‐absorption by cellular chromophores at the target tissues and the subsequent photobiomodulation (PBM) of cellular biochemical processes. For transdermal deep tissue light therapy (tDTLT) to be clinically effective, a sufficiently large number of photons must reach and be absorbed at the targeted deep tissue sites. Thus, delivering safe and effective tDTLT requires understanding the physics of light propagation in tissue. This study simulates laser light propagation in an anatomically accurate human knee model to assess the light transmittance and light absorption‐driven thermal changes for eight commonly used laser therapy wavelengths (600–1200 nm) at multiple skin‐applied irradiances (W cm−2) with continuous wave (CW) exposures. It shows that of the simulated parameters, 2.38 W cm−2 (30 W, 20 mm beam radius) of 1064 nm light generated the least tissue heating −4°C at skin surface, after 30 s of CW irradiation, and the highest overall transmission—approximately 3%, to the innermost muscle tissue.
A Phase I Randomized Trial of Once‐Daily Versus Twice‐Daily Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (1‐84) for Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Ing Steven W. , Finkelman Richard D. , He Ping , Khan Aliya A. , Mannstadt Michael , Rejnmark Lars , Song Ivy , Takács István , Wu Yuna
Published: June 2023

Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1‐84), rhPTH(1‐84), is an approved adjunctive treatment to oral calcium and active vitamin D for adult patients with hypoparathyroidism; however, there is limited information on the effect of twice daily (BID) dosing of rhPTH(1‐84). This was a phase I, open‐label, randomized, crossover, multicenter study conducted in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism. The primary objective was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of 1 day of treatment with rhPTH(1‐84) administered subcutaneously at 25 μg BID, 50 μg BID, and 100 μg once daily (QD) with or without supplemental oral calcium. Safety and tolerability were evaluated as secondary objectives. In total, 33 patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism completed the study. Treatment with rhPTH(1‐84), both BID and QD, over the short‐term maintained serum calcium, lowered serum phosphorus, decreased urinary calcium excretion, and increased urinary phosphorus excretion. The decrease in urinary calcium excretion was numerically greater for BID than QD. Generally, baseline‐adjusted pharmacokinetic parameters including area under the curve and maximum observed concentration increased with increasing rhPTH(1‐84) dose, although this effect was not dose proportional. No new safety findings were observed. Our study revealed no differences thought to be clinically meaningful in pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters with BID versus QD rhPTH(1‐84) dosing. Future long‐term studies are warranted to further elucidate the effects of alternative dosing strategies. © 2023 Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc and The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluating Middle Cerebral Artery Plaque Characteristics and Lenticulostriate Artery Morphology Associated With Subcortical Infarctions at 7T MRI
Authors: Bai Xiaoyan , Fan Pingping , Li Zhiye , Mossa‐Basha Mahmud , Ju Yi , Zhao Xingquan , Kong Qingle , Pei Xun , Zhang Xue , Sui Binbin , Zhu Chengcheng
Published: June 2023

Background

Lenticulostriate artery (LSA) obstruction is a potential cause of subcortical infarcts. However, MRI LSA evaluation at 3T is challenging.

Purpose

To investigate middle cerebral artery (MCA) plaque characteristics and LSA morphology associated with subcortical infarctions in LSA territories using 7‐T vessel wall MRI (VW‐MRI) and time‐of‐flight MR angiography (TOF‐MRA).

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Sixty patients with 80 MCA atherosclerotic plaques (37 culprit and 43 non‐culprit).

Field Strength/Sequence

7‐T with 3D TOF‐MRA and T1‐weighted 3D sampling perfection with application‐optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) sequences.

Assessment

Plaque distribution (superior, inferior, ventral, or dorsal walls), LSA origin involvement, LSA morphology (numbers of stems, branches, and length), and plaque characteristics (normalized wall index, maximal wall thickness, plaque length, remodeling index, intraplaque hemorrhage, and plaque surface morphology (regular or irregular)) were assessed.

Statistical Tests

Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, generalized estimating equations regression, receiver operating characteristic curve, independent t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, and intra‐class coefficient. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Plaque irregular surface, superior wall plaque, longer plaque length, LSA origin involvement, fewer LSA stems, and shorter total and average lengths of LSAs were significantly associated with culprit plaques. Multivariable logistic analysis confirmed that LSA origin involvement (OR, 28.51; 95% CI, 6.34–181.02) and plaque irregular surface (OR, 8.32; 95% CI, 1.41–64.73) were independent predictors in differentiating culprit from non‐culprit plaques. A combination of LSA origin involvement and plaque irregular surface (area under curve = 0.92; [95% CI, 0.86–0.98]) showed good performance in identifying culprit plaques, with sensitivity and specificity of 86.5% and 86.0%, respectively.

Data Conclusion

7‐T VW‐MRI and TOF‐MRA can demonstrate plaque involvement with LSA origins. MCA plaque characteristics derived from 7‐T VW‐MRI showed good diagnostic accuracy in determining the occurrence of subcortical infarctions.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
The use of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry for high throughput screening of terpene synthases
Authors: Di Girolamo Alice , Pedrotti Michele , Koot Alex , Verstappen Francel , van Houwelingen Adèle , Vossen Celina , Bouwmeester Harro , de Ridder Dick , Beekwilder Jules
Published: June 2023

In this work, we introduce the application of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) for the selection of improved terpene synthase mutants. In comparison with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)‐based methods, PTR‐MS could offer advantages by reduction of sample preparation steps and analysis time. The method we propose here allows for minimal sample preparation and analysis time and provides a promising platform for the high throughput screening (HTS) of large enzyme mutant libraries. To investigate the feasibility of a PTR‐MS‐based screening method, we employed a small library of Callitropsis nootkatensis valencene synthase (CnVS) mutants. Bacterial cultures expressing enzyme mutants were subjected to different growth formats, and headspace terpenes concentrations measured by PTR‐Qi‐ToF‐MS were compared with GC‐MS, to rank the activity of the enzyme mutants. For all cultivation formats, including 96 deep well plates, PTR‐Qi‐ToF‐MS resulted in the same ranking of the enzyme variants, compared with the canonical format using 100 mL flasks and GC‐MS analysis. This study provides a first basis for the application of rapid PTR‐Qi‐ToF‐MS detection, in combination with multi‐well formats, in HTS screening methods for the selection of highly productive terpene synthases.
Binary solvent extraction of microplastics from a complex environmental matrix
Authors: Fadare Oluniyi O. , Martin Leisha , Lascelles Nigel , Myers Jessica T. , Kaiser Karl , Xu Wei , Conkle Jeremy L.
Published: June 2023

Separating microplastics (MPs) (smaller particle size, < 1 mm) from complex environmental samples such as particulate organic matter (POM) is challenging, particularly for polyethylene and polypropylene, which are buoyant like POM. It is often done using a time‐consuming procedure, often with hazardous waste generation. We developed a simple, low‐cost procedure using a binary solvent mixture (ethanol–water) followed by water solvation to separate MPs from estuarine POM and surface water. The isolated MPs were quantified and characterized using μFT‐IR and scanning electron microscopy, with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 2500 μm and percentage mass from 2.62–21.3% wt/wt in POM and 0.04–0.42% wt/vol for surface water, respectively. Different polymer types, colors, and shapes were observed. Method recovery assessed using spiking yielded 89–93.1% and the method was validated by visual sorting with dye staining. This method is low‐cost, simple, and aligns with Green Chemistry approaches while efficiently separating plastics of various particle sizes, shapes, and compositions. Furthermore, this low‐cost approach and the near‐universal availability of ethanol make this method more accessible in research and education throughout regions of the world where plastic debris is a major challenge but resources to study the problem are limited.
LEADERSHIP ESSENTIALS FOR COMPLICATED TIMES
Authors: Treasurer Bill
Published: June 2023

The author, who has a long consulting history of creating programs for corporations, government agencies, and other organizations, notes that today’s world is complex and nuanced, and creates dilemmas for leaders. For instance, “They want leaders to provide high‐level vision and be strategic, yet they also want them to be intensely operational and tactical. They want leaders to be decisive and work with urgency, yet they also want them to be inclusive and involve the voices of everyone.” But the search for the new and novel can blind us to ideas and concepts that are well‐tested and can be applicable in today’s highly uncertain world: “Rather than look for novel approaches to leading during turbulent times, leaders would do well to get back to the timeless essentials of leadership.” This requires focusing on two first principles that may seem obvious, but are often less so in practice: 1. Leading yourself and 2. Leading others. In category one he further describes concepts such as, in his words: Know thyself, value values, sunshine and shadows, practice self‐care, and “cultivate composure.” In #2, in his words, are Earn trust, create safety, team building, and create inclusion. “Leadership is hard,” he writes, “but it doesn’t have to be complicated.”
A Facile Strategy to Construct Anti‐Swelling, Antibacterial, and Antifogging Coatings for Protection of Medical Goggles
Authors: Yang Qi , Zhou Qiang , Guo Ziyi , Song Lina , Meng Fandong , Tong Zheming , Zhan Xiaoli , Liu Quan , Ren Yongyuan , Zhang Qinghua
Published: June 2023

During the COVID‐19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic, traditional medical goggles are not only easy to attach bacteria and viruses in long‐term exposure, but easy to fogged up, which increases the risk of infection and affects productivity. Bacterial adhesion and fog can be significantly inhibited through the hydrogel coatings, owing to super hydrophilic properties. On the one hand, hydrogel coatings are easy to absorb water and swell in wet environment, resulting in reduced mechanical properties, even peeling off. On the other hand, the hydrogel coatings don't have intrinsic antibacterial properties, which still poses a potential risk of bacterial transmission. Herein, an anti‐swelling and antibacterial hydrogel coating is synthesized by 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), acrylamide (AM), dimethylaminoethyl acrylate bromoethane (IL‐Br), and poly(sodium‐p‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS). Due to the self‐driven entropy reduction effect of polycation and polyanion, an ion cross‐linking network is formed, which endows the hydrogel coating with excellent antiswelling performance. Moreover, because of the synergistic effect of highly hydrated surfaces and the active bactericidal effect from quaternary ammonium cations, the hydrogel coating exhibits outstanding antifouling performances. This work develops a facile strategy to fabricate anti‐swelling, antifouling, and antifogging hydrogel coatings for the protection of medical goggles, and also for biomedical and marine antifouling fields.
Recent Advances in Nanozyme‐Based Materials for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Liu Chuyi , Wang Qi , Wu Yun‐Long
Published: June 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic inflammatory disorder that interferes with the patient's lifestyle and, in extreme situations, can be deadly. Fortunately, with the ever‐deepening understanding of the pathological cause of IBD, recent studies using nanozyme‐based materials have indicated the potential toward effective IBD treatment. In this review, the recent advancement of nanozymes for the treatment of enteritis is summarized from the perspectives of the structural design of nanozyme‐based materials and therapeutic strategies, intending to serve as a reference to produce effective nanozymes for moderating inflammation in the future. Last but not least, the potential and current restrictions for using nanozymes in IBD will also be discussed. In short, this review may provide a guidance for the development of innovative enzyme‐mimetic nanomaterials that offer a novel and efficient approach toward the effective treatment of IBD.
Consumer‐brand identification and happiness in experiential consumption
Authors: Sato Mikihiro , Yoshida Masayuki , Doyle Jason , Choi Wonjun
Published: June 2023

Although the marketing literature has extensively studied consumer‐brand identification, scholars have not fully explored its well‐being benefits. Drawing from the social identity approach and the bottom‐up theory of subjective well‐being, we examine how consumer‐brand identification can be a source of happiness in experiential consumption settings. We conduct two studies to test the proposed research model. In Study 1, results from 322 fans of a professional football team show that consumer happiness positively mediates the association between consumer‐brand identification and overall happiness. We subsequently conduct a partial‐least‐square multigroup analysis with three groups (nonpurchase, one‐time‐purchase, and repeat‐purchase) based on purchase frequency during the season. The results reveal that the path coefficient between consumer‐brand identification and consumer happiness is stronger in the one‐time‐purchase group than in the nonpurchase group. In Study 2, we reexamine the proposed model while accounting for the effects of core product quality. Results from 500 fans of a professional baseball team support Study 1's findings. Overall, our findings add to the knowledge surrounding the well‐being benefits of consumer‐brand identification and demonstrate the role of experiential consumption in facilitating happiness.
Long‐time dynamics of Ericksen–Leslie system on 𝕊2
Authors: Huang Tao , Qu Chengyuan
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study the long‐time behavior of full Ericksen–Leslie system modeling the hydrodynamics of nematic liquid crystals between two dimensional unit spheres. Under a weaker assumption for Leslie's coefficients, we give the key energy inequality for the global weak solution. At last, inspired by the conditions on the simplified system, we establish several sufficient conditions which guarantee the uniform convergence of the system in
and
spaces as time tends to infinity under small initial data.
Efficacy of apraclonidine eye drops in treating ptosis secondary to myasthenia gravis: A pilot clinical trial
Authors: Agha Mohamad , Ismail Helen , Sawaya Raja , Salameh Johnny
Published: June 2023

Introduction/Aims

Most patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) develop ocular manifestations during their illness and up to 22% may have isolated ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG). Apraclonidine elevates the eyelid by activating alpha‐2 receptors on Muller's muscle, an accessory eyelid elevator muscle. In this study we evaluate the effect of apraclonidine in alleviating ptosis secondary to MG.

Methods

This clinical trial (NCT05045248) was done at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Patients with ptosis secondary to MG were administered two drops of apraclonidine 0.5% solution to the most affected eye. We measured palpebral fissure height (PF), marginal reflex distance‐1 (MRD1), marginal reflex distance‐2 (MRD2), and levator function (LF) before drug administration and at 1, 5, 30, and 60 minutes after administration.

Results

Ten participants were enrolled in the study. Improvement in all eyelid measurements was noted in all participants as early as 1 minute after apraclonidine administration. From baseline to 60 minutes after administration, average PF increased from 8.8 ± 1.9 mm to 14.2 ± 2.6 mm, MRD‐1 from 1.7 ± 1.4 mm to 5.4 ± 2.9 mm, MRD‐2 from 7.1 ± 1.3 mm to 8.8 ± 1.7 mm, and LF from 13.4 ± 2.9 mm to 17.5 ± 2.4 mm. All increases were statistically significant.

Discussion

Apraclonidine may alleviate ptosis secondary to MG and may be an effective alternative treatment for this group of patients.
α‐Fe2O3@Ag and Fe3O4@Ag Core‐Shell Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Magnetic Properties and Cytotoxic Performance
Authors: Sarani Mina , Hamidian Khadijeh , Barani Mahmood , Adeli‐Sardou Mahboubeh , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: June 2023

This work provides the synthetic route for the arrangement of Fe3O4@Ag and α‐Fe2O3@Ag core‐shell nanoparticles (NPs) with cytotoxic capabilities. The production of Fe3O4@Ag and α‐Fe2O3@Ag core‐shell NPs was facilitated utilizing S. persica bark extracts. The results of Powder X‐ray Diffraction (PXRD), Ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) supported the green synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@Ag and α‐Fe2O3@Ag NPs. The particle size was measured by the TEM analysis to be about 30 and 50 nm, respectively; while the results of FESEM showed that α‐Fe2O3@Ag and Fe3O4@Ag particles contained multifaceted particles with a size of 50–60 nm and 20–25 nm, respectively. The outcomes of VSM were indicative of a saturation magnetization of 37 and 0.18 emu/g at room temperature, respectively. The potential cytotoxicity of the synthesized core‐shell nanoparticles towards breast cancer (MCF‐7) and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells was evaluated by an MTT assay. α‐Fe2O3@Ag NPs were able to destroy 100 % of MCF‐7 cell at doses above 80 μg/mL, and it was confirmed that Fe3O4@Ag NPs at a volume of 160 μg/mL can destroy 90 % of MCF‐7 cells. Thus, the applicability of the prepared nanoparticles of these nanoparticles in biological and medical fields has been demonstrated.
Using a multi‐lens framework for landscape decisions
Authors: Cole Beth , Bradley Andrew V. , Willcock Simon , Gardner Emma , Allinson Ewan , Hagen‐Zanker Alex , Calo Adam J. , Touza Julia , Petrovskii Sergei , Yu Jingyan , Whelan Mick
Published: June 2023

Landscape decisions are multi‐faceted. Framing landscape decision‐making as a governance process that requires a collective approach can encourage key stakeholders to come together to co‐inform a discussion about their priorities and what constitutes good governance, leading to more holistic landscape decisions.

In this paper, we recognise that a suite of complementary and multi‐dimensional approaches are in practice used to inform and evaluate land use decisions. We have called these approaches ‘lenses’ because they each provide a different perspective on the same problem. The four lenses are (i) power and market gain, (ii) ecosystem services, (iii) place‐based identity and (iv) ecocentric. Each brings a different set of evidence and viewpoints (narrative, qualitative and experiential, as well as quantitative metrics such as monetary) to the decision‐making process and can potentially reveal problems and solutions that others do not.

Considering all lenses together allows dialogue to take place which can reveal the true complexities of landscape decision‐making and can facilitate more effective and more holistic decisions. Employing the lenses requires governance structures that give equal weight to all lenses, enable dialogue and coexistence between top down and bottom‐up approaches, and permit adaptation to local and granular place‐specifics rather than developing “one‐size‐fits‐all” solutions.

We propose that formalising the process of balancing all the lenses requires public participation, and that a lens approach should be used to support landscape decisions alongside a checklist that facilitates transparency in the conversation, showing how all evidence has been considered and critically assessed.

Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Minimal residual disease predicts outcomes in KMT2A‐rearranged but not KMT2A‐germline infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Report from Children's Oncology Group study AALL0631
Authors: Faulk Kelly E. , Kairalla John A. , Dreyer ZoAnn E. , Carroll Andrew J. , Heerema Nyla A. , Devidas Meenakshi , Carroll William L. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Loh Mignon L. , Hunger Stephen P. , Borowitz Michael , Wang Cindy , Guest Erin , Brown Patrick A.
Published: June 2023

We measured minimal residual disease (MRD) by multiparameter flow cytometry at three time points (TP) in 117 infants with KMT2A (lysine [K]‐specific methyltransferase 2A)‐rearranged and 58 with KMT2A‐germline acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on Children's Oncology Group AALL0631 study. For KMT2A‐rearranged patients, 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) by MRD‐positive (≥0.01%) versus MRD‐negative (<0.01%) was: TP1: 25% (±6%) versus 49% (±7%; p = .0009); TP2: 21% (±8%) versus 47% (±7%; p < .0001); and TP3: 22% (±14%) versus 51% (±6%; p = .0178). For KMT2A‐germline patients, 3‐year EFS was: TP1: 88% (±12%) versus 87% (±5%; p = .73); TP2: 100% versus 88% (±5%; p = .24); and TP3: 100% versus 87% (±5%; p = .53). MRD was a strong independent outcome predictor in KMT2A‐rearranged, but not KMT2A‐germline infant ALL.
Primary school teacher's emotion regulation: Impact on occupational well‐being, job burnout, and resilience
Authors: Li Lu , Huang Long , Liu Xiang‐ping
Published: June 2023

Empirical studies have demonstrated the importance of emotion regulation for teachers' professional development. We adopted a person‐centered approach to explore primary school teachers' emotion regulation and its impact on occupational well‐being, job burnout, and resilience. To understand the potential types of emotion regulation, we conducted a survey in different primary schools. Both antecedent‐ and response‐focused emotion regulation are important strategies; previous studies revealed that the former is superior to the latter. However, there is a lack of person‐centered research on the pros and cons of such emotion regulation. 366 primary school teachers (333 female teachers; Mage = 37.30, SDage = 9.46) participated in this survey. The emotion regulation patterns were clarified based on latent profile analysis (LPA). The results revealed associations among these patterns and job burnout, occupational well‐being and resilience. LPA revealed the following: (1) three typical emotion regulation types: the low antecedent‐ and low response‐focused emotion regulation group (12%), the high antecedent‐ and low response‐focused emotion regulation group (63%), and the low antecedent‐ and high response‐focused emotion regulation group (25%). (2) The teachers in the high antecedent‐ and low response‐focused emotion regulation group had the lowest level of job burnout and the highest level of occupational well‐being. Those in the low antecedent‐ and low response‐focused emotion regulation group had the strongest psychological resilience.
Enhancing first‐grade students' social skill performance: The interaction of tootling and activities on social skill engagement
Authors: Crewdson Margaret , Skinner Christopher H. , Wilson Chelsea , Fowler Kristen , Richardson Robert , Wilhoit Brian
Published: June 2023

We extended research on social skills training to determine if the activities first‐grade students were engaged in while Tootling would influence their performance of two recently trained social skills: complimenting and encouraging peers. After receiving social skills training, students engaged in two experimental small‐group activities, a cooperative activity and a parallel‐play activity. During both activities, a Tootling intervention was applied and interdependent group rewards (e.g., every student in the class receives the reward) were delivered contingent upon the number of peer reports of classmates providing compliments and encouragements meeting an unknown, randomly selected criterion. Students also engaged in their typical classroom activity, an individual competition, without Tootling. Statistical analysis indicated that during the cooperative‐play activity there were significantly higher levels of complimenting and encouraging than during the parallel‐play and individual competition activities. More compliments were delivered during the parallel‐play activity than during the individual competition, but there was no significant difference in encouragements across the two conditions. Also, during the parallel‐play activity, compliments where higher than encouragements. These findings suggest that after social skills training, Tootling can enhance social skill performance when educators schedule activities that provide opportunities to engage in these recently trained skills. Discussion focuses on task and goal structures associated with activities and applied implications for enhancing social skill development.
Symmetry‐Based Model Hamiltonians for Topological Analysis of 2D Materials with Square Lattice
Authors: van Niekerk Chani Stella , Warmbier Robert
Published: June 2023

Classes of symmetry‐based model Hamiltonians can be constructed with specific point group restrictions. These models combine the flexibility of tight‐binding models with the analytical simplicity of the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model and can be scaled in either direction. The applicability of models with two, three, and four bands to topological analysis is investigated and limitations to describing topological behaviour are assessed. The models are applied to fitting density functional theory (DFT) band structures for selected 2D materials with and without spin–orbit coupling. Suitable parameters for selected materials are obtained and used to describe the topological phase of the materials. Based on these results, a single two‐, three‐, and four‐band model is found which describes the band structure and topological properties of all the selected 2D materials. Suitable simplifications to the models are outlined to further illustrate how the analyzability can be scaled with the accuracy of the model. While generally a higher degree of symmetry helps the formation of topological phases, extremely symmetric point groups like restrict the allowed interactions to a degree that makes topological phases less easy to achieve.
Achieving n‐Type Conductivity in Epitaxial Ultrawide‐Bandgap β‐Ga2O3 Films via a Hf Doping Strategy
Authors: Wu Simiao , Liu Ningtao , Li Hui , Zhang Jinfu , Shen Shengcheng , Wang Wei , Xia Ning , Cao Yanwei , Zhong Zhicheng , Zhang Wenrui , Ye Jichun
Published: June 2023

Herein, the use of a Hf doping strategy in epitaxial β‐Ga2O3 thin films is demonstrated to substantially enhance the conductivity and simultaneously achieve an even wider bandgap. Epitaxial β‐Ga2O3 thin films with various Hf dopant ratios are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. The doping impact on the structural, optical, and transport properties is systematically investigated. At an optimized doping regime of 1%–2% in molar ratio, the heteroepitaxial Hf‐doped β‐Ga2O3 (Hf‐Ga2O3) films grown on the MgO substrate achieve a high n‐type conductivity of 6.5 S cm−1, a carrier mobility of 1.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, a carrier concentration of 2.69 × 1019 cm−3, and an ultrawide bandgap of 4.9 eV. The electron transport is further enhanced for the homoepitaxial Hf‐Ga2O3 film that exhibits a conductivity of 1236 S cm−1 and an ultrahigh mobility of 113 cm2 V−1 s−1. Density functional theory calculations reveal the preferential atomic site of Hf dopants in the β‐Ga2O3 lattice and its impact on the optical bandgap. This study demonstrates an effective way to achieve degenerate n‐type doping in ultrawide‐bandgap semiconductors for developing optoelectronic and power electronic devices.
Long COVID syndrome after SARS‐CoV‐2 survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Wieteska‐Miłek Maria , Kuśmierczyk‐Droszcz Beata , Betkier‐Lipińska Katarzyna , Szmit Sebastian , Florczyk Michał , Zieliński Piotr , Hoffman Piotr , Krzesiński Paweł , Kurzyna Marcin
Published: June 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients have a more severe COVID‐19 course than the general population. Many patients report different persistent symptoms after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The aim of our study is to analyze the prevalence of long COVID‐19 symptoms and assess if COVID‐19 affects pulmonary hypertension (PH) prognosis. PAH/CTEPH patients who survived COVID‐19 for at least 3 months before visiting the PH centers were included in the study. The patients were assessed for symptoms in acute phase of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and persisting in follow‐up visit, WHO functional class, 6‐min walk distance, NT‐proBNP concentration. The COMPERA 2.0 model was used to calculate 1‐year risk of death due to PH at baseline and at follow‐up. Sixty‐nine patients—54 (77.3%) with PAH and 15 (21.7%) with CTEPH, 68% women, with a median age of 47.5 years (IQR 37–68)—were enrolled in the study. About 17.1% of patients were hospitalized due to COVID‐19 but none in an ICU. At follow‐up (median: 155 days after onset of SARS‐CoV‐2 symptoms), 62% of patients reported at least 1 COVID‐19‐related symptom and 20% at least 5 symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms were: fatigue (30%), joint pain (23%), muscle pain (17%), nasal congestion (17%), anosmia (13%), insomnia (13%), and dyspnea (12%). Seventy‐two percent of PH patients had a low or intermediate‐low risk of 1‐year death due to PH at baseline, and 68% after COVID‐19 at follow‐up. Over 60% of PAH/CTEPH patients who survived COVID‐19 suffered from long COVID‐19 syndrome, but the calculated 1‐year risk of death due to PH did not change significantly after surviving mild or moderate COVID‐19.
Robotic approach to the uretero‐vesical junction in children: An international multicentric retrospective study
Authors: Molinaro Francesco , Nascimben Francesca , Todesco Camilla , Fusi Giulia , Chiarella Elisa , Planchamp Thibault , Cobellis Giovanni , Abbo Olivier , Messina Mario , Angotti Rossella
Published: June 2023

Background

Robot‐assisted approach to UVJ is getting more and more used in pediatric patients.

Methods

In this retrospective study 26 patients affected by nephro‐urological malformations, robotic‐surgically treated from 2016 and 2021 at 3 Pediatric Surgery Department were included: 3 (11.5%) primary obstructive megaureter, 2 (7.7%) dysplastic kidneys, 3 (11.5%) duplex collecting system, 18 (69.2%) primary vescico‐ureteral reflux (VUR).

Results

Mean age at surgery was 6 years old. 22 (84.6%) underwent Lich Gregoire extravesical ureteral reimplantation, 4 (15.4%) total nephroureterectomy. Mean operative time was 230 min. No conversions or intraoperative complications. Median hospital stay was 4 days. There were 4 (15.38%) postoperative complications: 3 (11.54%) persistent VUR and 1 (3.84%) refluxing megaureter. 2 (7.7%) redo‐surgery.

Conclusions

Robotic Surgery should be considered a safe and effective technique for treatment of UVJ anomalies in children, because it firstly allows surgeons to approach both upper and lower ureteral ends without modifying trocars’ placement.
Trustworthy artificial intelligence: A decision‐making taxonomy of potential challenges
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Azeem , Khan Arif Ali , Mahmood Sajjad , Rafi Saima , Demi Selina
Published: June 2023

The significance of artificial intelligence (AI) trustworthiness lies in its potential impacts on society. AI revolutionizes various industries and improves social life, but it also brings ethical harm. However, the challenging factors of AI trustworthiness are still being debated. This research explores the challenging factors and their priorities to be considered in the software process improvement (SPI) manifesto for developing a trustworthy AI system. The multivocal literature review (MLR) and questionnaire‐based survey approaches are used to identify the challenging factors from state‐of‐the‐art literature and industry. Prioritization based taxonomy of the challenges is developed, which reveals that lack of responsible and accountable ethical AI leaders, lack of ethics audits, moral deskilling & debility, lack of inclusivity in AI multistakeholder governance, and lack of scale training programs to sensitize the workforce on ethical issues are the top‐ranked challenging factors to be considered in SPI manifesto. This study's findings suggest revising AI‐based development techniques and strategies, particularly focusing on trustworthiness. In addition, the results of this study encourage further research to support the development and quality assessment of ethics‐aware AI systems.
Development of Thermal Displacement Prediction Model and Thermal Deformation Measurement Methods
Authors: Ota Koji , Mori Masahiko , Irino Naruhiro
Published: June 2023

In machine tools, it is important to maintain accuracy against heat in the entire machining space. The reduction of thermal displacement is achieved by measuring it accurately and then clarify the relationship between the temperature change and the thermal deformation and then creating the prediction and compensation model or applying the countermeasure to suppress the thermal deformation. To solve this issue, the authors have developed methods to measure thermal deformation in two-dimensional space using a laser tracker and cameras. A laser tracker method achieved higher accuracy and smaller measurement uncertainty. Vision-based methods achieved equivalent measurement accuracy to a laser tracker method at shorter measurement time and lower cost. To compensate thermal displacement, convolutional neural network model was developed. Thermal displacement was predicted from temperature sensors with higher accuracy than conventional models. These methods contribute to the development of higher precision machine tools.
Model Order Reduction Strategies for the Computation of Compact Machine Tool Models
Authors: Aumann Quirin , Benner Peter , Saak Jens , Vettermann Julia
Published: June 2023

The deviation of the tool center point (TCP) of a machine tool from its desired location needs to be assessed correctly to ensure an accurate and safe operation of the machine. A major source of TCP deviation are thermal loads, which are constantly changing during operation. Numerical simulation models help predicting these loads, but are typically large and expensive to solve. Especially in (real-time feedback) control settings, but also to ensure an efficient design phase of machine tools, it is inevitable to use compact reduced-order surrogate models which approximate the behavior of the original system but are much less computationally expensive to evaluate. Model order reduction (MOR) methods generate computationally efficient surrogates. Classic intrusive methods require explicit access to the assembled system matrices. However, commercial software packages, which are typically used for the design of machine tools, do not always allow an unrestricted access to the required matrices. Non-intrusive data-driven methods compute surrogates requiring only input and output data of a dynamical system and are therefore independent of the discretization method. We evaluate the performance of such data-driven approaches to compute cheap-to-evaluate surrogate models of machine tools and compare their efficacy to intrusive MOR strategies. A focus is put on modeling the machine tool via individual substructures, which can be reduced independently of each other.
Thermal Modal Analysis for Volumetric Error Characterization
Authors: Colinas-Armijo Natalia , Iñigo Beñat , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto , Aguirre Gorka
Published: June 2023

The volumetric accuracy of machine tools is significantly impacted by thermal errors, making the evaluation of volumetric accuracy a significant challenge for the manufacturing industry. Several technical solutions have been implemented, both at the industrial and research level, to address this issue. However, considering thermal errors in the volumetric error characterization adds complexity to the process and remains an open topic of research in the field.

In this study, a novel volumetric error characterization technique based on simulated Thermal Modal Analysis is proposed for a three-axis machine tool. This approach involves analyzing the impact of thermal modes of the machine tool's structural elements on the volumetric error, providing a characterization that incorporates the physical meaning of the structure. This simulated characterization will serve as a foundation for future experiments that combine it with other techniques to achieve a comprehensive understanding of volumetric errors.
Improving the Thermal Behavior of High-Speed Spindles Through the Use of an Active Controlled Heat Pipe System
Authors: Jonath Lucas , Luderich Jörg , Brezina Jonas , Gonzalez Degetau Ana Maria , Karaoglu Selim
Published: June 2023

The thermo-elastic behavior of high-speed spindles has a significant influence on the machine accuracy. The Tool Center Point (TCP) changes continuously, not only due to the different temperature levels and energy inputs during warm-up, full-load and part-load operation, but also during interruptions for workpiece or tool changes. In this paper a heat pipe based tempering system is presented to control the spindle temperature and thus to keep the TCP displacement at a constant level, regardless of speed and load. As effective passive heat transfer components, heat pipes can be used not only to cool the system but also to insert heat into it. This capability of reversing the heat flow enables a high controllability of the temperature field in a bidirectional way and allows innovative capabilities of using advanced control algorithms. This paper describes the overall heat pipe concept and focuses on its potential as a key element for dynamic temperature control systems. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the concept with a simple on-off controller, achieving the reduction of the TCP displacement variation of a 2.2 kW spindle by 62% of its original value. The potential of the tempering concept forms the base for the deployment of various advanced control systems, such as Model-based Predictive Control (MPC), Fuzzy or Reinforcement Learning.
Thermal Growth of Motor Spindle Units
Authors: Heinze Tassilo , Koriath Hans-Joachim , Kuznetsov Alexander Pavlovich
Published: June 2023

The paper deals with strategies for numerical compensation of thermo-mechanical deformation of machine tool spindles and the TCP, respectively. Methods for digital modelling and simulating the temperatures and thermo-elastic deformation are presented. This is done by considering the geometry, material data, drive signals and temperature values. The topic of compensating thermo-elastic effects in spindle units is an important topic in manufacturing. Analytical equation and function block methods for measuring and predicting thermal spindle growth are compared. The heat flow model converts variable spindle load, speed, coolant and ambient temperature into local temperatures followed by elastic deformations of the spindle unit. The simulation results were verified for different types of motor spindles by experiments on a spindle test rig at SPL GmbH. A thermal stiffness value [W/µm] is characterized by the energy losses of the spindle, which result in thermal growth. Different strategies for digital reduction of a thermal spindle growth were developed.
Thermal Modeling Challenges of High-Speed Motorized Spindles
Authors: Koch Lukas , Butz Felix , Krüger Gordana , Döpper Frank
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the thermal modeling challenges of high-speed motorized spindles up to 40,000 rpm. The thermal expansion and deflection of motorized spindles are critical determinants for the resulting tool center point displacement and the achievable machining accuracy of machine tools. In order to compensate, finite element and reduced physical models (digital twins) therefore require an accurate understanding of the thermal boundary conditions. In motorized spindles, heat sources are of great significance to the resulting temperature field. However, it is very difficult to accurately quantify the heat sources in motorized spindles. This is a particular challenge for high-speed applications exceeding 20,000 rpm, where commonly used boundary conditions are not validated. While the power loss of the electric motor could be quantified with reasonable accuracy, the calculation approaches for air and bearing friction proved to be inadequate. This paper introduces approaches to quantify the air and bearing friction of motorized spindles with improved accuracy for applications up to 40,000 rpm. The method was verified based on a coupled thermal/fluid-mechanical spindle simulation model. The mean absolute temperature difference between the model and the test bench was 1.5 K.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Thermomechanical Tool Loads During Milling Using the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Formulation
Authors: Liu Hui , Meurer Markus , Bergs Thomas
Published: June 2023

Milling is a complex process where machining quality is influenced by tool geometry, chip flow, temperature, and wear. In recent years, the rapid development of computer technology has enabled the use of finite element simulation methods to study the relationship between the machining results and various process parameters. In this study, a three-dimensional thermal coupled Euler-Lagrange milling model is proposed. This approach provided unique advantages in terms of stability and computational speed. The simulation results showed a good agreement with the corresponding experimental cutting tests and provided further information on the heat source distribution characteristics, which form a basis for further theoretical investigations.