bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO2 rock physics modeling for reliable monitoring of geologic carbon storage
Authors: Creasy Neala , Huang Lianjie , Gasperikova Erika , Harbert William , Bratton Tom , Zhou Quanlin
Published: June 2024

Monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA) are crucial to ensure safe and long-term geologic carbon storage. Seismic monitoring is a key MVA technique that utilizes seismic data to infer elastic properties of CO2-saturated rocks. Reliable accounting of CO2 in subsurface storage reservoirs and potential leakage zones requires an accurate rock physics model. However, the widely used CO2 rock physics model based on the conventional Biot-Gassmann equation can substantially underestimate the influence of CO2 saturation on seismic waves, leading to inaccurate accounting. We develop an accurate CO2 rock physics model by accounting for both effects of the stress dependence of seismic velocities in porous rocks and CO2 weakening on the rock framework. We validate our CO2 rock physics model using the Kimberlina-1.2 model (a previously proposed geologic carbon storage site in California) and create time-lapse elastic property models with our new rock physics method. We compare the results with those obtained using the conventional Biot-Gassmann equation. Our innovative approach produces larger changes in elastic properties than the Biot-Gassmann results. Using our CO2 rock physics model can replicate shear-wave speed reductions observed in the laboratory. Our rock physics model enhances the accuracy of time-lapse elastic-wave modeling and enables reliable CO2 accounting using seismic monitoring.
Retrospective performance analysis of a ground shaking early warning system for the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake
Authors: Rea Raffaele , Colombelli Simona , Elia Luca , Zollo Aldo
Published: June 2024

Recently developed earthquake early warning systems rely on the idea of combining the measured ground motion and the source parameter estimate to issue an alert based on the ground shaking prediction at sites where high potential damage is expected. Here we apply a P-wave, shaking-forecast method that can track and alert in real-time the area where peak ground motion is expected to exceed a user-set threshold during the earthquake. The system performance in providing a fast and reliable warning during the Mw 7.8, February 6 Turkey–Syria earthquake is investigated by the real-time simulated playback of the near-source hundred accelerograms. With an instrumental intensity threshold$${I}_{{MM}}={IV}$$IMM=IVan alert issued 10–20 s after the event origin, results in 95% of successful warning (positive and negative) and lead-times of 10–60 s within the potential damage zone. Setting a higher intensity threshold requires larger alert times (50–60 s) to achieve 90% of successful warning and overall shorter lead-times. Our simulation shows that the P-wave predicted, strong-shaking zone can be rapidly detected only 20 s after the mainshock nucleation. As the time increases, it well delineates the NE-SW bi-lateral rupture development as inferred by kinematic source models.
Findings of PTSD-specific deficits in default mode network strength following a mild experimental stressor
Authors: Averill Christopher L. , Averill Lynnette A. , Akiki Teddy J. , Fouda Samar , Krystal John H. , Abdallah Chadi G.
Published: June 2024

Reductions in default mode (DMN) connectivity strength have been reported in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the specificity of DMN connectivity deficits in PTSD compared to major depressive disorder (MDD), and the sensitivity of these alterations to acute stressors are not yet known. 52 participants with a primary diagnosis of PTSD (n = 28) or MDD (n = 24) completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging immediately before and after a mild affective stressor. A 2 × 2 design was conducted to determine the effects of group, stress, and group*stress on DMN connectivity strength. Exploratory analyses were completed to identify the brain region(s) underlying the DMN alterations. There was significant group*stress interaction (p = 0.03), reflecting stress-induced reduction in DMN strength in PTSD (p = 0.02), but not MDD (p = 0.50). Nodal exploration of connectivity strength in the DMN identified regions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus potentially contributing to DMN connectivity deficits. The findings indicate the possibility of distinct, disease-specific, patterns of connectivity strength reduction in the DMN in PTSD, especially following an experimental stressor. The identified dynamic shift in functional connectivity, which was perhaps induced by the stressor task, underscores the potential utility of the DMN connectivity and raises the question whether these disruptions may be inversely affected by antidepressants known to treat both MDD and PTSD psychopathology.
Lateral diffusion of ions near membrane surface
Authors: Mallick Subhasish , Agmon Noam
Published: June 2024

Mechanism of surface-bound ion hopping on a POPC membrane: cations bind to 1–4 headgroup atoms, with binding to four atoms energizing and enabling faster lateral diffusion compared to bulk.
A diazonium-functionalized silver electrode for the sensitive amperometric detection of p-nitrophenol in water over a wide range of concentrations
Authors: Virolle Christelle , Evrard David , Reynes Olivier
Published: June 2024

Electrografting of a diazonium film on a silver electrode allows sensitive and selective detection of p-nitrophenol in synthetic and natural samples while reducing the adsorption phenomenon occurring on the sensor.
An efficient ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode probe for convenient determination of nitrite in real samples and E. coli
Authors: Wen Yujie , Tang Cong , Shen Qing , Dong Shuqing , Wang Yaya , Li Yunchun , Shao Shijun
Published: June 2024

TMN-NH2 was proposed as a ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode probe for the rapid determination of NO2− in acidic media.
A fluorescence aptamer sensor utilizing WS2 nanosheets for sensitive detection of patulin: enhanced specificity and wide applicability
Authors: Qin Guoxin , Li Huiling , He Jie , Wang Haijun , Chen Yongxian , Lao Shuibing , Cheng Liang , Lu Weifan , Luo Lihong , Tang Li , Mo Renfu , Wei Yuning , Zhou Qifeng
Published: June 2024

A tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheet-based aptamer sensor was developed to detect patulin (PAT).
Establishment of a microspheres-based homogeneous fluorescence immunoassay for the rapid detection of cardiac troponin I
Authors: Tang Yan , Chen Fuzhong , Lv Wei , Zhou Zixuan , Fu Yulin , Qin Yuan , Zhao Xueqin , Wang Junhong , Huang Biao
Published: June 2024

Establishment of a method for the detection of cTnI using AlphaLISA, with results obtained in as little as 3 min.
Unlocking catalytic potential: a rhodium(ii)-based coordination polymer for efficient carbene transfer reactions with donor/acceptor diazoalkanes
Authors: Empel Claire , Fetzer Marcus N. A. , Sasmal Suman , Strothmann Till , Janiak Christoph , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: June 2024

Herein, we report the use of a molecular-defined rhodium(ii) coordination polymer (Rh-CP) as a heterogeneous, recyclable catalyst in carbene transfer reactions.
Site-recognition boosted the sensing performance of terbium-based organic frameworks for UO22+ detection
Authors: Li Kexuan , Tong Yuan-Jun , Liu Qian , Peng Shiyu , Gong Xinying , Wang Dongmei , Gong Zhengjun
Published: June 2024

A unique fluorescent sensing probe for UO22+ detection was fabricated using terbium-based metal organic frameworks with satisfactory detection sensitivity and selectivity via introducing specific recognition sites.
Polymorphism, phase transition, and physicochemical property investigation of Ensifentrine
Authors: Kar Ananya , Giri Lopamudra , Kenguva Gowtham , Rout Smruti Rekha , Dandela Rambabu
Published: June 2024

Ensifentrine is a bifunctional dual phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitor with both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory properties. This research consists of three polymorph preparations of ENSE and their solubility and chemical stability studies.
High energy barrier hydroxyl radical dissociation mechanism of a low shock sensitivity dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) explosive
Authors: Yang Tuo , Liu Danyang , Yang Kun , Lu Jianying , Zhang Bin , Xiao Yiwen , Zhang Kaining , Wu Junying , Chen Lang
Published: June 2024

A novel reaction pathway of TKX-50 under shock was discovered and its rate-controlling step is the dissociation of hydroxyl radicals from anions with a reaction barrier of 51.9 kcal/mol, which may be related to the low shock sensitivity of TKX-50.
Phospholipid-induced secondary structural changes of lysozyme polymorphic amyloid fibrils studied using vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism
Authors: Matsuo Tatsuhito , Yamamoto Seigi , Matsuo Koichi
Published: June 2024

Upon interaction with phospholipid membranes, more cytotoxic amyloid fibrils cause more disorder in the membranes with the increase in the antiparallel β-sheet content whereas less cytotoxic counterparts cause less disorder.
Photofragmentation of corannulene (C20H10) and sumanene (C21H12) cations in the gas phase and their astrophysical implications
Authors: Sundararajan Pavithraa , Candian Alessandra , Kamer Jerry , Linnartz Harold , Tielens Alexander G. G. M.
Published: June 2024

The laser induced photofragmentation of bowl-shaped PAH cations (corannulene and sumanene) was carried out in the laboratory under interstellar conditions. The resulting low mass fragment cations could possibly be potential interstellar candidates.
Site requirements for inhibition-free CO oxidation over silica-supported bimetallic PdCu alloys
Authors: Kristy Stephen , Svadlenak Scott , Hoffmann Adam S. , Bare Simon R. , Goulas Konstantinos A.
Published: June 2024

CO oxidation in the presence of NO over PdCu alloys takes place with high activity and low inhibition over a 3 : 1 PdCu alloy, which has the optimal Pd : Cu ratio on the surface.
Electrochemically enabled cobalt catalyzed enantioselective C–H acyloxylation of aryl phosphamide with carboxylic acid
Authors: Xia Xuying , Zheng Changdi , Hang Yunfei , Guo Jiyuan , Liu Tao , Song Dingguo , Chen Zhiwei , Zhong Weihui , Ling Fei
Published: June 2024

We described here the first example of cobalt-electro-catalyzed enantioselective C–H acyloxylation of arylphosphinamides with carboxylic acids to generate P-stereogenic scaffolds.
Studying the degradation of bulk PTFE into microparticlesviaSP ICP-MS: a systematically developed method for the detection of F-containing particles
Authors: Gonzalez de Vega Raquel , Moro Thebny Thaíse , Grüner Bernhard , de Andrade Maranhão Tatiane , Huber Maximilian J. , Ivleva Natalia P. , Skrzypek Etienne , Feldmann Jörg , Clases David
Published: June 2024

Investigating the degradation of PTFE in seawater after UV radiation by SP ICP-MSviaF and C analysis.
In-line Raman imaging of mixing by herringbone grooves in microfluidic channels
Authors: Klement W. J. Niels , Savino Elia , Browne Wesley R. , Verpoorte Elisabeth
Published: June 2024

In-line characterization of mixing in microchannels with high spatiotemporal resolution is challenging. Here we describe a Raman imaging approach to ascertain extent of mixing in across channels in 3D for both same- and immiscible-solvent systems.
Two-photon laser printing of 3D multicolor emissive polymer microstructures
Authors: Kröger Finn , Eichelmann Robert , Sauter Gabriel , Pollien Audrey , Tegeder Petra , Gade Lutz H. , Blasco Eva
Published: June 2024

Multicolor 3D microstructures are printed using two-photon laser printing from formulations containing photopolymerizable dyes exhibiting red, green, and blue emission.
A nanoelectrode of hybrid nanomaterials of palladium oxide with cadmium sulfide based on 2D-carbon nanosheets for developing electron transfer efficiency for supercapacitor applications
Authors: El-Shafai Nagi M. , Mostafa Yasser S. , Alamri Saad A. , El-Mehasseb Ibrahim M.
Published: June 2024

A layered nanoelectrode design was based on the high surface area of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide; these layers were decorated with n/p-type palladium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and cadmium sulfide NPs.
Probing scaffold size effects on multivalent lectin–glycan binding affinity, thermodynamics and antiviral properties using polyvalent glycan-gold nanoparticles
Authors: Basaran Rahman , Budhadev Darshita , Kempf Amy , Nehlmeier Inga , Hondow Nicole , Pöhlmann Stefan , Guo Yuan , Zhou Dejian
Published: June 2024

Increasing GNP-glycan's scaffold size impacts very differently for their ability to block DC-SIGN- from DC-SIGNR- promoted viral infection: enhancing only the potency in the former, but enhancing both the potency and cooperativity in the latter.
Brønsted acid-mediated selective α-alkenylation of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans
Authors: Chen Nan , Li Chaokun , Liao Shangteng , Chen Jinglong , Ma Xingxing , Song Qiuling
Published: June 2024

A protocol for the synthesis of α-alkenylated tetrahydropyrans (THPs) with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran derivatives and potassium alkenyltrifluoroborates was achieved in the presence of a Brønsted acid and a Lewis acid under mild reaction conditions.
Denitrogenative dismantling of heteroaromatics by nucleophilic substitution reactions with diazomethyl compounds
Authors: Biswas Soumen , Empel Claire , Sanchez-Palestino Luis Mario , Arman Hadi , Koenigs Rene M. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: June 2024

We report divergent reactions of 1,2,3-triazines and 1,2,3-triazine 1-oxides with diazomethyl compounds, the former yielding diazovinylketoesters, and the latter giving rise to pyrazole derivatives through extrusion of ethyl cyanocarboxylate and N2O.
Hydroxyl carboxylate anion catalyzed depolymerization of biopolyesters and transformation to chemicals
Authors: Zhao Yanfei , Zhang Hui , Wu Fengtian , Li Rongxiang , Tang Minhao , Wang Yusi , Zeng Wei , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: June 2024

Hydroxyl carboxylate-based ionic liquids can achieve degradation of biopolyesters derived from hydroxyl carboxylic acids into various chemicals under mild and metal-free conditions.
Coordination of Al(C6F5)3vs. B(C6F5)3 on group 6 end-on dinitrogen complexes: chemical and structural divergences
Authors: Escomel Léon , Martins Frederico F. , Vendier Laure , Coffinet Anaïs , Queyriaux Nicolas , Krewald Vera , Simonneau Antoine
Published: June 2024

Group 6 metal/Al(C6F5)3 donor–acceptor systems for N2 activation surprisingly diverge from their B(C6F5)3 analogues, providing access to M{NN(Al(C6F5)3)}2 adducts. Implications for the N2 ligand are explored spectroscopically and computationally.
Phenyl-incorporated polyorganosilica membranes with enhanced hydrothermal stability for H2/CO2 separation
Authors: Bui Vinh T. , Satti Varun R. , Haddad Elizabeth , Tandel Ameya Manoj , Esmaeili Narjes , Chundury Sai Srikar , Attia Fathy , Zhu Lingxiang , Lin Haiqing
Published: June 2024

Incorporating phenyl groups into ultrathin polyorganosilica membranes improves hydrothermal stability for H2/CO2 separation.
Proofreading mechanisms of the innate immune receptor RIG-I: distinguishing self and viral RNA
Authors: Solotchi Mihai , Patel Smita S.
Published: June 2024

The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), comprising retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), are pattern recognition receptors belonging to the DExD/H-box RNA helicase family of proteins. RLRs detect viral RNAs in the cytoplasm and respond by initiating a robust antiviral response that up-regulates interferon and cytokine production. RIG-I and MDA5 complement each other by recognizing different RNA features, and LGP2 regulates their activation. RIG-I's multilayered RNA recognition and proofreading mechanisms ensure accurate viral RNA detection while averting harmful responses to host RNAs. RIG-I's C-terminal domain targets 5′-triphosphate double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) blunt ends, while an intrinsic gating mechanism prevents the helicase domains from non-specifically engaging with host RNAs. The ATPase and RNA translocation activity of RIG-I adds another layer of selectivity by minimizing the lifetime of RIG-I on non-specific RNAs, preventing off-target activation. The versatility of RIG-I's ATPase function also amplifies downstream signaling by enhancing the signaling domain (CARDs) exposure on 5′-triphosphate dsRNA and promoting oligomerization. In this review, we offer an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms RIG-I uses to facilitate viral RNA sensing and regulate downstream activation of the immune system.
A formation pathway for terrestrial planets with moderate water content involving atmospheric-volatile recycling
Authors: Müller Jonas , Bitsch Bertram , Schneider Aaron David
Published: June 2024

Of the many recently discovered terrestrial exoplanets, some are expected to harbor moderate water mass fractions of a few percent. The formation pathways that can produce planets with these water mass fractions are not fully understood. Here, we use the code chemcomp, which consists of a semi-analytical 1D protoplanetary disk model harboring a migrating and accreting planet, to model the growth and composition of planets with moderate water mass fractions by pebble accretion in a protoplanetary disk around a TRAPPIST-1 analog star. This star is accompanied by seven terrestrial planets, of which the outer four planets likely contain water mass fractions of between 1% and 10%. We adopt a published model that considers the evaporation of pebbles in the planetary envelope, from where recycling flows can transport the volatile vapor back into the disk. We find that with this model, the planetary water content depends on the influx rate of pebbles onto the planet. A decreasing pebble influx with time reduces the envelope temperature and consequently allows the formation of planets with moderate water mass fractions as inferred for the outer TRAPPIST-1 planets for a number of different simulation configurations. This is further evidence that the recycling of vapor is an important component of planet formation needed to explain the vast and diverse population of exoplanets.
Kinematics and star formation of hub-filament systems in W49A
Authors: Zhang WenJun , Zhou Jianjun , Esimbek Jarken , Baan Willem , He Yuxin , Tang Xindi , Li Dalei , Ji Weiguang , Wu Gang , Ma Yingxiu , Li Jiasheng , Zhou Dongdong , Tursun Kadirya , Komesh Toktarkhan
Published: June 2024

Aims. W49A is a prominent giant molecular cloud (GMC) that exhibits strong star formation activities, yet its structural and kinematic properties remain uncertain. Our study aims to investigate the large-scale structure and kinematics of W49A, and elucidate the role of filaments and hub-filament systems (HFSs) in its star formation activity.

Methods. We utilized continuum data from Herschel and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as well as the molecular lines 12CO (3–2), 13CO (3–2), and C18O (3–2) to identify filaments and HFSs within W49A. Further analysis focused on the physical properties, kinematics, and mass transport within these structures. Additionally, recombination line emission from the H I/OH/Recombination (THOR) line survey was employed to trace the central H II region and ionized gas.

Results. Our findings reveal that W49A comprises one blue-shifted (B-S) HFS and one red-shifted (R-S) HFS, each with multiple filaments and dense hubs. Notably, significant velocity gradients were detected along these filaments, indicative of material transport toward the hubs. High mass accretion rates along the filaments facilitate the formation of massive stars in the HFSs. Furthermore, the presence of V-shaped structures around clumps in position-velocity diagrams suggests ongoing gravitational collapse and local star formation within the filaments.

Conclusions. Our results indicate that W49A consists of one R-S HFS and one B-S HFS, and that the material transport from filaments to the hub promotes the formation of massive stars in the hub. These findings underscore the significance of HFSs in shaping the star formation history of W49A.
MHONGOOSE discovery of a gas-rich low surface brightness galaxy in the Dorado group
Authors: Maccagni F. M. , de Blok W. J. G. , Mancera Piña P. E. , Ragusa R. , Iodice E. , Spavone M. , McGaugh S. , Oman K. A. , Oosterloo T. A. , Koribalski B. S. , Kim M. , Adams E. A. K. , Amram P. , Bosma A. , Bigiel F. , Brinks E. , Chemin L. , Combes F. , Gibson B. , Healy J. , Holwerda B. W. , Józsa G. I. G. , Kamphuis P. , Kleiner D. , Kurapati S. , Marasco A. , Spekkens K. , Veronese S. , Walter F. , Zabel N. , Zijlstra A.
Published: June 2024

We present the discovery of a low-mass, gas-rich low surface brightness galaxy in the Dorado group, at a distance of 17.7 Mpc. Combining deep MeerKAT 21-cm observations from the MeerKAT H I Observations of Nearby Galactic Objects: Observing Southern Emitters (MHONGOOSE) survey with deep photometric images from the VST Early-type Galaxy Survey (VEGAS) we find a stellar and neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) gas mass of M⋆ = 2.23 × 106 M⊙ and MH I = 1.68 × 106 M⊙, respectively. This low surface brightness galaxy is the lowest-mass H I detection found in a group beyond the local Universe (D ≳ 10 Mpc). The dwarf galaxy has the typical overall properties of gas-rich low surface brightness galaxies in the Local group, but with some striking differences. Namely, the MHONGOOSE observations reveal a very low column density (∼1018 − 19 cm−2) H I disk with asymmetrical morphology possibly supported by rotation and higher velocity dispersion in the centre. There, deep optical photometry and UV observations suggest a recent enhancement of the star formation. Found at galactocentric distances where in the Local Group dwarf galaxies are depleted of cold gas (at a projected distance of 390 kpc from the group centre), this galaxy is likely on its first orbit within the Dorado group. We discuss the possible environmental effects that may have caused the formation of the H I disk and the enhancement of star formation (SF), highlighting the short-lived phase (a few hundreds million years) of the gaseous disk, before either SF or hydrodynamical forces will deplete the gas of the galaxy.
Surface parameterisation and spectral synthesis of rapidly rotating stars
Authors: Montesinos Benjamín
Published: June 2024

Context. Spectral synthesis is a powerful tool with which to find the fundamental parameters of stars. Models are usually restricted to single values of temperature and gravity, and assume spherical symmetry. This approximation breaks down for rapidly rotating stars.

Aims. This paper presents a joint formalism to allow a computation of the stellar structure – namely, the photospheric radius, R, the effective temperature, Teff, and gravity, geff – as a function of the colatitude, θ, for rapid rotators with radiative envelopes, and a subsequent method to build the corresponding synthetic spectrum.

Methods. The structure of the star is computed using a semi-analytical approach, which is easy to implement from a computational point of view and which reproduces very accurately the results of much more complex codes. Once R(θ), Teff(θ), and geff(θ) are computed, the suite of codes, ATLAS and SYNTHE, by R. Kurucz are used to synthesise spectra for a mesh of cells in which the star is divided. The appropriate limb-darkening coefficients are also computed, and the final output spectrum is built for a given inclination of the rotation axis with respect to the line of sight. All the geometrical transformations required are described in detail.

Results. The combined formalism has been applied to Vega, a rapidly rotating star almost seen pole-on, as a testbed. The structure reproduces the results from interferometric studies and the synthetic spectrum matches the peculiar shape of the spectral lines well.

Conclusions. Contexts where this formalism can be applied are outlined in the final sections.
Dynamics of star clusters with tangentially anisotropic velocity distribution
Authors: Pavlík Václav , Heggie Douglas C. , Varri Anna Lisa , Vesperini Enrico
Published: June 2024

Context. Recent high-precision observations with HST and Gaia enabled new investigations of the internal kinematics of star clusters (SCs) and the dependence of kinematic properties on the stellar mass. These studies raised new questions about the dynamical evolution of self-gravitating stellar systems.

Aims. We aim to develop a more complete theoretical understanding of how the various kinematical properties of stars affect the global dynamical development of their host SCs.

Methods. We perform N-body simulations of globular clusters with isotropic, radially anisotropic, and tangentially anisotropic initial velocity distributions. We also study the effect of an external Galactic tidal field.

Results. We obtain three main results. First, compared to the conventional, isotropic case, the relaxation processes are accelerated in the tangentially anisotropic models and, in agreement with our previous investigations, are slower in the radially anisotropic ones. This leads to, for example, more rapid mass segregation in the central regions of the tangential models or their earlier core collapse. Second, although all SCs become isotropic in the inner regions after several relaxation times, we observe differences in the anisotropy profile evolution in the outer cluster regions – all tidally filling models gain tangential anisotropy there, while the underfilling models become radially anisotropic. Third, we observe different rates of evolution towards energy equipartition (EEP). While all SCs evolve towards EEP in their inner regions (regardless of the filling factor), the outer regions of the tangentially anisotropic and isotropic models are evolving to an ‘inverted’ EEP (i.e. with the high-mass stars having higher velocity dispersion than the low-mass ones). The extent (both spatial and temporal) of this inversion can be attributed to the initial velocity anisotropy – it grows with increasing tangential anisotropy and decreases as the radial anisotropy rises.
Using the sorption properties of diatomite from the Aktobe deposit in improving the quality of drinking water in Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Gumarova Zh.M. , Sungatkyzy S. , Sharafiyeva Zh.R. , Bulekova A.A. , Uxikbayeva M.K.
Published: June 2024

The paper describes the results of monitoring studies of the quality of tap water in the city of Uralsk. A solution was found to use natural reserves of the mineral diatomite in the purification of drinking water. The natural sorbent diatomite was modified with hydrochloric acid before testing. Natural and modified diatomite samples were studied using X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron microscopy. In acid-activated diatomite, the specific surface area and porosity increase by 2.5 times. Xray fluorescence analysis of the elemental composition showed an increase in the silicon content in the sorbent. Organoleptic and physicochemical properties were studied in the original and diatomite-treated water: turbidity, taste, smell, color, hardness, permanganate oxidation, pH, iron and copper ions. The efficiency of sorption with respect to heavy metals was tested using the model toxicant copper sulfate. Determinations of copper and iron ions were carried out using the atomic spectrometry method. Hardness, permanganate oxidation, pH and organoleptic parameters were determined by standard methods. Treatment of water with natural and modified diatomite made it possible to significantly reduce water pollution according to the studied parameters. Filtering water with a modified diatomite sorbent allows you not only to purify water from unwanted impurities, but also to adjust its salt composition due to the intake of silicon. Based on the results of the work, we can conclude that, compared to natural, modified diatomite has higher adsorption properties in relation to copper and iron cations, increases pH, and also contributes to more effective water purification from unwanted impurities.
Distribution of hydrobionts in aquatic ecosystems in different parts of the akdaryo river
Authors: Yunusov Khudaynazar , Boymurodov Khusniddin , Egamkulov Azamat , Dilmurodov Gofurjon , Djalilov Farrukh
Published: June 2024

The work covers a comparative analysis of the distribution of hydrobionts in water ecosystems in different parts of the Okdarya River. The distribution of 22 species in the area near Chelak city of Akhdarya and 20 species in the area after the Akhdarya reservoir was researched and studied. Ecological groups of hydrabionts distributed in biotopes of the Akdarya River were analyzed depending on their habitat. In the river, there are 8 types of peloreophiles in 28.5%, 3 types of rheophiles in 11%, 1 type of pelolimnophiles in 3.5%, 8 types of phytophiles in 28.5%, 1 type of telmotophiles in 3.5% and 1 type of phytophiles in 3.5%, phyto-lithoreophiles 7% of type 2, 11% of 3 types of phytopelophiles and 3.5% of 1 type of lithoreophiles were studied.
Floristic diversity of the state natural sanctuary "Bushkovskiy forest" (the Kirov region, Russia)
Authors: Shabalkina Svetlana , Perestoronina Olga
Published: June 2024

The paper presents the results of the complex analysis of the flora structure of the state natural sanctuary "Bushkovskiy forest". The research had been made on the area of 9274.8 ha within the period of 2004–2023. Route recognition method was used together with geobotanical description of certain phytocoenoses on temporary sample plots made according to traditional methods. There vascular plant flora contains 270 taxon from 196 genera, 73 families, four classes and three divisio. On the territory of the sanctuary a rare species grows which is registered in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation – Epipogium aphyllum Sw. The plants are distributed into 13 ecological-coenotic groups. As for the number of species, the floodplain meadow (21.9%), nemoral (17.0%), and boreal (12.6%) groups prevail. Among biological types hemicryptophythes prevail (49.6%); as for the biomorphological structure, dry ground grass polycarpics prevail (65.2%), and, among the latter, short rhizomatous (18.1%) and long rhizomatous (17.4%) grasses prevail. Plants of six hemerobia stages are represented in the flora, for a total, anthropophobic species (species of the a-o-m interval) account for 69.0%. Correlation of hemerobia stages, as well as a small share of adventitious species (3.0%), shows that the natural ecosystem of the sanctuary suffers from a certain anthropogenic load.
Features of bleaching cottonseed oil with local adsorbents
Authors: Suvanova Fayoza , Kholmurodova Zubayda , Saidov Abdi
Published: June 2024

The article presents research data on the process of adsorption refining (bleaching) of cottonseed oil, which differs from other vegetable oils in its complex composition and the presence of gossypol. Activated Tulsoh palygorskite has been proposed as a bleaching adsorbent. Studies have shown that the introduction of palygorskite in an amount of 1.0 to 2.5% helps reduce the color of both press oil and oils obtained by extraction.
Adaptive capacity of sugar beet under herbicide application
Authors: Zheryakov Evgenii , Semina Svetlana
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the results of the research on phytotoxicity exerted by herbicides on plants of various sugar beet hybrids. Treatment with betanal group herbicides ensured high purity of sowing combined with low phytotoxicity for sugar beet plants in the stage with a pair of cotyledon-1 true leaves.The phytotoxicity of the herbicide was 18.0-18.6% relative to the variant with manual weeding. At the initial stages of growth, plants of F hybrids were the most resistant to the negative effects of herbicides F1 Skala, F1 Priliv and F1 Burya. After the second treatment, growth inhibition was observed in the variants using herbicides with an increase in mass deficit. The most resistant to the negative effects of herbicides was hybrid F1 Skala. For hybrids F1 Priliv and F1 Gorizont effect of the chemical stress factor was assessed as the most toxic; the weight of 100 plants increased by only 4.5-4.6% compared to the control hybrid. The phytotoxicity of the herbicide combination for sugar beet plants was significantly reduced (to 12-13%) compared to earlier herbicide treatments. High resistance after three herbicide treatments negative effects of herbicides were noted in hybrid F1 Skala. After the first chemical weeding, the amount of chlorophyll a in the leaves was one and a half times less than after manual weeding. After the second treatment with herbicides, the most intense degradation of pigments in the leaves was observed. After the third treatment in the “third pair of true leaves” phase, the plants’ resistance to chemical herbicides increased slightly.
Understanding the microplastic pollution impact on Chironomus sancticaroli larvae development and emergence
Authors: Hallai Luana de O. , Rani-Borges Bárbara , Pompêo Marcelo , Queiroz Lucas G.
Published: June 2024

Plastic materials are increasingly present in our lives. It is estimated that more than 360 million tonnes of plastics are produced annually worldwide. Particularly, single-use plastics represent an important segment in plastic production. In this context, plastic contamination, and consequently microplastic release, has become a growing concern for aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (<32 μm) on Chironomus sancticaroli larvae. The larvae were exposed to different concentrations of PET particles (0 (control group), 500, and 5,000 particles.kg−1 of dry sediment) for 10 days. Our results demonstrated that C. sancticaroli larvae displayed PET microplastics in their digestive tracts, and the ingestion increased with increasing PET concentrations. Plastic particles in the digestive tract can reduce the energy obtained by larvae feeding and, consequently, impair their development. The adult emergence rate displayed a significant decrease observed at the highest PET concentration compared with the control group. These findings reinforce existing concerns that microplastics, at concentrations currently found in the natural freshwater environments, can impact the development of benthic macroinvertebrates and, consequently, result in an unbalance in the freshwater ecosystems.
Cannabigerol and Cannabicyclol Block SARS-CoV-2 Cell Fusion
Authors: Classen Nica , Pitakbut Thanet , Schöfbänker Michael , Kühn Joachim , Hrincius Eike R. , Ludwig Stephan , Hensel Andreas , Kayser Oliver
Published: June 2024

The search for new active substances against SARS-CoV-2 is still a central challenge after the COVID-19 pandemic. Antiviral agents to complement vaccination are an important pillar in the clinical situation. Selected cannabinoids such as cannabigerol, cannabicyclol, cannabichromene, and cannabicitran from Cannabis sativa and synthetic homologues of cannabigerol and cannabicyclol were evaluated for effects on the cell viability of Vero cells (CC50 of cannabigerol and cannabicyclol 40 resp. 38 µM) and reduced virus entry of vesicular stomatitis pseudotyped viruses with surface-expressed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at 20 µM. In addition to a reduction of pseudotyped virus entry, a titer reduction assay on Vero cells after preincubation of Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 significantly confirmed antiviral activity. Investigations on the molecular targets addressed by cannabigerol and cannabicyclol indicated that both compounds are inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated
membrane fusion, as could be shown by a virus-free reporter fusion inhibition assay (EC50 for cannabigerol 5.5 µM and for cannabicyclol 10.8 µM) and by monitoring syncytia formation in Vero reporter cells. Selectivity indices were calculated as 7.4 for cannabigerol and 3.5 for cannabicyclol. Systematic semisynthetic alterations of cannabigerol and cannabicyclol indicated that the side chains of both compounds do not contribute to the observed anti-membrane fusion activity.
Onkologische Erkrankung und Verleugnung einer Schwangerschaft:
Psychologische Begleitung und interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit
Authors: Götz Tanja , Stepan Holger , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Lehmann-Laue Antje
Published: June 2024

In der folgenden Kasuistik wurde während der Diagnosestellung einer onkologischen
Erkrankung eine verleugnete, fortgeschrittene Schwangerschaft entdeckt.
Angesichts der Lebensbedrohung drängte die Patientin auf einen
Schwangerschaftsabbruch und wurde in der psychologischen Beratung vorgestellt,
um eine tragbare und ethisch vertretbare Lösung zu finden. Strategien zur
Krisenintervention und supportive Vorgehensweisen in der Begleitung der
Patientin sowie die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit werden vorgestellt und
diskutiert.
Synthesis of Methyl 2-[Bis(benzylthio)phosphoryl]acetate as a Novel Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons-Type Reagent and Its Application to the Diastereodivergent Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-α,β-Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Sano Shigeki , Yamada Shoki , Ihara Takahito , Seki Kazumasa , Kitaike Syuji , Nakao Michiyasu
Published: June 2024

Methyl 2-[bis(benzylthio)phosphoryl]acetate has proven to be an efficient Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE)-type reagent for the diastereodivergent synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-α,β-unsaturated esters. Under the conditions of excess NaHMDS relative to the HWE-type reagent, the HWE-type reactions of methyl 2-[bis(benzylthio)phosphoryl]acetate with various aldehydes afforded the corresponding α,β-unsaturated esters in an E-selective manner in up to 100:0 E/Z ratio. However, when an excess of the HWE-type reagent was used relative to NaHMDS, the stereoselectivity of the HWE-type reactions was dramatically changed from E to Z, yielding an E/Z ratio of up to 2:98.
Earth-Abundant Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of 1-Bromocyclobut-1-enes with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Cossy Janine , Yasukawa Tomohiro , Håheim Katja S. , Boutet Julien , Gilles Pierre , Martin Juliette
Published: June 2024

Cross-coupling reactions have been developed between C2-substituted 1-bromocyclobut-1-enes and Grignard reagents using two effective catalysts, e.g., Fe(acac)3 and Ni(acac)2. The iron catalyst works in THF but requires NMP as the co-solvent, with the advantage of achieving cross-coupling reactions with alkyl Grignard reagents. The nickel catalyst was able to promote the reactions in THF without any additive and showed high reactivity with electron-rich aryl Grignard reagents. These catalysts gave various types of substituted cyclobutenes in good yields.
COVID-19 and persistence in the stock market: a study on a leading emerging market
Authors: Bhattacharjee Anindita , Nandy Monomita , Lodh Suman
Published: June 2024

In this study, we examine how sectors of the National Stock Exchange from India respond to the uncertainties introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic. By examining the synchronization between the sector-specific and overall market index (NIFTY 50) reaction to COVID-19, we contribute to the inconclusive ongoing academic literature regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the stock market, especially in the context of persistence in an emerging market. To analyze the persistence of sectoral indices, we apply multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). We use the generalized Hurst exponent and singularity spectrum as indicators for persistence and spectral width as a measure of volatility. Our analysis shows that the sample sectoral indices are persistent before and after the announcement of COVID-19; however, volatility in some sectors reduces post-announcement of COVID-19. The findings will enrich the academic literature on the relationship between sector-specific and overall market indexes. In practice, the paper will guide investors to organize their portfolios, especially during future economic uncertainty.
Unified in remembrance: reflections on collective war commemoration by war-affected immigrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Mitima-Verloop Huibertha B. , Boelen Paul A. , Moerbeek Saskia , Tames Ismee , Mooren Trudy T. M.
Published: June 2024

Decades after World War II, major commemorations are still organised to collectively remember this war. Aiming for inclusive societies, the perspectives of immigrants with different war experiences are important to be heard in relation to these commemorations. Research reveals that commemorations can kindle difficult emotions such as sadness and bring distressing memories to the fore. Concurrently, psychosocial factors such as societal support and meaning making may buffer the emotional distress and contribute to a beneficial impact. It is not well known how this applies to immigrants. The present study explores how war-affected immigrants in the Netherlands relate to the Dutch Remembrance Day. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 war-affected immigrants from 8 different countries (including countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America). Qualitative analyses revealed that participants experienced multiple and mixed emotions during the Dutch Remembrance Day, including sadness, longing, and gratitude. Memories about own war experiences and losses often arose, of which the impact varied from distress to relief. The context of war in participants’ countries of origin, such as ongoing conflict or a contested history, often hindered commemoration of these wars. Through the Dutch commemoration, most war-affected immigrants experienced social connectedness and openness for (emotional) expression which contributed to dealing with their past experiences. Insights from this study may guide counsellors working with war-affected immigrants and help societies to organise optimally appealing commemorations within an inclusive society.
Multi-energy field simulation and experimental research on laser composite machining of micro-holes
Authors: Lin Liqu , Liu Yang , Xue Wei , Ouyang Pengfei , Zhang Zhaoyang , Wang Yufeng , Cai Keqian , Zhu Hao , Xu Kun , Lu Jinzhong
Published: June 2024

Thin-walled micro-holes are frequently used in aerospace components to achieve specific functions, such as heat dissipation and filtration. However, traditional manufacturing technologies face difficulties in achieving precision machining of these holes due to deformation caused by cutting force or heat. Laser machining is a highly flexible and efficient advanced processing technology that aims to achieve precise machining of thin-walled holes. However, it is important to note that the thermal energy generated by the laser can cause deformation of the thin walls. To address these issues, this paper proposes a process that combines laser and backside electrochemical composite machining. The model for laser electrochemical composite processing after through-hole formation suggests that the laser's temperature rise effect on the electrolyte can significantly enhance the efficiency of electrochemical processing. Furthermore, the laser exerts a micro-zone stirring effect on the electrolyte in the processed micro-zone, which promotes the liquid-phase mass transfer process during the electrochemical reaction. Furthermore, a one-way experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the main laser parameters on the processing results. The results indicated that higher laser power, as well as lower laser frequency and scanning speed, significantly reduced the edge damage and pore taper of the processed micro-holes. The language used is clear, concise, and objective, adhering to a formal register and avoiding biased or ornamental language. Technical terms are consistently used and explained when first introduced. The text is grammatically correct and free from spelling and punctuation errors. Furthermore, this process has significantly reduced the oxygen content and surface roughness of the sidewalls of the micro-holes.
Field-free transformations of topological spin textures in ferrimagnetic TbFeCo films
Authors: Zhu Kaixin , Bi Linzhu , Li Zhuolin , Zhang Yongzhao , Sun Shuaishuai , Li Jun , Tian Huanfang , Cai Jianwang , Yang Huaixin , Zhang Ying , Li Jianqi
Published: June 2024

The generation of topological spin textures under ultrafast laser pulse excitations and field-free manipulation of topological transitions between different spin textures has attracted enormous interest from the perspective of spintronic applications. Here, we utilize ultrafast electron microscopy to showcase the femtosecond laser pulses excitation on magnetic materials and have generated multiple topological spin textures in an amorphous ferrimagnetic TbFeCo film. Furthermore, the following field-free topological transitions between skyrmions and bubbles with diversified topology are identified via in situ heating the sample in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The critical role of uniaxial anisotropy variation on changing the magnetic textures during the heating process is confirmed by micromagnetic simulations. Our results provide a perspective on the generation and transformation of topological spin textures.
Application and prospect of microfluidic devices for rapid assay of cell activities in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Zhu Linjing , Cui Xueling , Jiang Lingling , Fang Fang , Liu Boyang
Published: June 2024

The global impact of cancer on human health has raised significant concern. In this context, the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and malignant progression. In order to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of therapeutic outcomes, there is an imminent requirement for in vitro models that can accurately replicate the intricate characteristics and constituents of TME. Microfluidic devices exhibit notable advantages in investigating the progression and treatment of tumors and have the potential to become a novel methodology for evaluating immune cell activities in TME and assist clinicians in assessing the prognosis of patients. In addition, it shows great advantages compared to traditional cell experiments. Therefore, the review first outlines the applications and advantages of microfluidic chips in facilitating tumor cell culture, constructing TME and investigating immune cell activities. Second, the roles of microfluidic devices in the analysis of circulating tumor cells, tumor prognosis, and drug screening have also been mentioned. Moreover, a forward-looking perspective is discussed, anticipating the widespread clinical adoption of microfluidic devices in the future.
Charge-exchange-driven interfacial antiferromagnetic ground state in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 ultrathin films
Authors: Panchal G. , Stramaglia F. , Vaz C. A. F.
Published: June 2024

The evolution of the magnetic ground state of ultrathin 0–10 unit cells (uc) thick La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 films interfaced to an antiferromagnetic La0.45Sr0.55MnO3/SrTiO3(001) buffer layer was investigated with x-ray photoemission electron microscopy. For 0–3 uc La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, we observe antiferromagnetic domains but no ferromagnetic contrast, showing that nominally ferromagnetic La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 adopts the antiferromagnetic ground state of the buffer layer. For larger thicknesses, ferromagnetic domains emerge, confirming that the additional layers revert to the ferromagnetic ground state. We also observe a drastic increase in the complexity of the domain configuration between 3 and 5 uc, which we attribute to competing magnetic and electronic ground states in the system. We attribute the interfacial modified magnetic ground state to charge sharing at the interface due to the chemical potential mismatch, which leads to hole doping at the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 interface. The present work sheds light on the impact of charge sharing at the interface of complex oxide materials, in particular on the magnetic and electronic states, and presents a strategy for modulating the electronic ground state properties at metallic interfaces.