bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of environmental problems on biotechnology associated with humoral predictors of the formation of chronic abnormal conditions
Authors: Dombayan S Kh , Panova I V , Afonin A A , Berezhanskaya S B
Published: September 2020

The article assesses the nature of the impact of environmental problems on biotechnology associated with changes in humoral factors (level of neuron-specific enolase in association with hormonal factors) during the formation of chronic abnormal conditions in conditions of environmental trouble. The possibility of using neuron-specific enolase as a predictor of these conditions has been proved. The quantitative values of neuron-specific enolase for predicting the risks of developing chronic abnormal processes in the presence of ecological problems have been established. The connection of these processes with the formation of endocrine dysfunction against the background of an increase in the level of neuron-specific enolase has been proved.
Substantiation of the ecological method application for disinfection and biostimulation of spring wheat seeds in the Krasnoyarsk territory forest-steppe zone
Authors: Kozulina N S , Vasilenko A V , Vasilenko A A , Shmeleva Zh N
Published: September 2020

The article presents the testing results of effective modes of the electromagnetic field of super-high frequency in the field conditions, the influence on the germination of spring wheat seeds, and the reduction of infection with the most harmful microorganisms. In the conditions of high seeds infection in the Krasnoyarsk territory, the developed technology of microwave seeds disinfection is relevant due to its efficiency and environmental friendliness. The research object is the spring wheat variety – Novosibirskaya 15. Recording was performed using existing methods and State Standards. The conducted research and the obtained results allow to conclude that the electromagnetic field of super-high frequency has a positive effect on the formation of the main elements of the yield structure, the actual yield, as well as significantly reduces the infection rate and increases the spring wheat seeds germination.
Pesticides effect on the quantity and quality of gluten in spring wheat
Authors: Keler V V , Martynova O V , Ovchinnikova T G
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the work was to determine the influence of agrotechnical cultivation methods on the quantity and quality of spring wheat gluten in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The dynamics of gluten content in the grain of soft spring wheat depending on pesticides use after grain as previous crop was studied. The influence of grain background intensification on the gluten quality in grain in zoned varieties was established, and the most responsive of them to the use of a full range of protective measures were identified. The experiment was conducted using the method of competitive testing in Eastern Siberia in 2018-2019. The varieties «Novosibirskaya 15», «Novosibirskaya 31», «Novosibirskaya 41», «Altayskaya 70», «Krasnoyarskaya 12» and «Svirel» were studied. The results were processed using mathematical statistics. To obtain the highest index of the quantity and quality in soft spring wheat gluten of the studied varieties in Eastern Siberia it is recommended to use grain as previous crop with a full complex of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.
Efficiency of application of combing method when harvesting grain crops
Authors: Drepa Elena B , Golub Anna S , Donets Inna A , Walters Irina A
Published: September 2020

One of the really effective options which can significantly improve the performance of harvesting machines is the equipment of the combing harvester reapers. A significant reduction of the technological mass of the straw entering the threshing device of the combine, reduces load and wear on the working elements of the threshing apparatus and allows for combing at higher speeds. Production costs on the option of direct harvesting has increased with great fuel consumption during the harvest of winter wheat. According to variants of the production costs amounted to 14911.4 when cutting and 14616.9 in the combing plants. The use of harvesting of grain crops by the method of combing increases the profitability of the resulting product. In direct combining, the level of profitability amounted to 63.4 %, when using combing plants – 66,2 %. The combing of the device confirmed its high efficiency, especially in high humidity conditions. The decrease in grain moisture contributed to yield reduction. When harvesting winter wheat with a grain moisture of 16% yield of 3.4 t/ha and 3.3 t/ha, respectively. When comparing two methods of harvesting the difference in yield was 0.2 t/ha. Account yield in the variant with the grain moisture 9 % obtained the following data: in the direct harvesting of 3.1, while the tops of plants of 3.2 t/ha. Sharp decline in the yield suggests that grain moisture 9% is critical in any way of harvesting losses increase significantly due to shedding of grain heap.
Influence of tillage methods on crop productivity in the second rotation of crop rotations
Authors: Antonov V , Fadeev A , Ivanova I
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of studying the minimum methods of soil cultivation in a stationary experiment on the gray forest heavy loam soil of the southern part of the Volga-Vyatka region of Russia. Based on the conducted research, it was found that on gray forest soils in adaptive landscape agriculture of the Chuvash Republic, it is advisable to replace the traditional method of soil cultivation (based on dump plowing) with resource-saving methods. This is primarily the use of minimum-1 and 2 methods of soil treatment, where combined tillage units KOS-3 and BDM-4-3.2 are used.
Green cyber-production of semiconductor electronic
Authors: Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O
Published: September 2020

To clean the industrial company air substances of the semiconductor electronics production is a necessary procedure to lower the atmosphere technical load. The hazardous substances of soldering and montage works are some metal oxides and aerosol substances, which simultaneously circulate in a production in its vapor and gas forms. To evacuate those hazardous substances from the production equipment is done through the tide and extraction ventilation channels, which transport the contaminations into the center filtering system. There is a scheme how to collect the hazardous production substances in an electronics production. The center filtering system contains of some engineer cyber-systems (ECS) to neutralize the contaminations with absorbing and adsorbing ecological means and also with catalyst methods. There is a scheme of center filtering aggregates to neutralize the contaminations using ECS. The production and ECS synchronous interaction must be provided with the intellectual environment resources to support the nature safety technologies to minimize the technical influence on the environment.
Opportunities for assessing the risk of an outbreak of Siberian silkworm (Dendrolimus superans sibiricus Tschetv.) in taiga forests
Authors: Sul’tson S M , Mikhaylov P V , Kulakov S S , Goroshko A A
Published: September 2020

The problem of damage and infestation of forests by pests and diseases takes a significant place in forestry. The combination of these factors, taking into account cutting and harm to forests from fires and other human activities, as a result leads to tremendous degradation of forest ecosystems. In modern conditions, the forest pathological stands condition in Russia is determined on the basis of data from forest pathological surveys and state forest pathological monitoring. For the current period (2020), disappointing statistics remain on the reproduction of the Siberian silkworm population (Dendrolimus superans sibiricus Tscetv.) nd the negative consequences for taiga forests. Modern climatic changes on a planetary scale have a significant impact on mass outbreaks of dangerous phytophage. In the near future, adaptation measures in the field of forest pathological monitoring should be based on risk factors when planning forest protection measures, a diverse selection of adaptation options and adopting a flexible forest management system at the regional level. In this paper, we consider one of the methods for improving forest pathological monitoring, based on the principles of covering as large a territory as possible with remote sensing data (ERS) combined with predictive models based on GIS that allow predicting the risk of mass reproduction of the Siberian silkworm based on the previously studied factorial dependence.
Technology of waste coal processing used for fuel production
Authors: Murko V I , Volkov V A , Baranova M P , Temlyantsev M V , Chaplygin V V
Published: September 2020

The technology and equipment were developed for the preparation and burning of suspension coal-water slurry fuel in boiler plants and heat power plants, obtained on the basis of fine dispersed waste coal (filter cakes) of processing plants. The studies were conducted on the basis of filter cakes from “Mine Komsomolets” and “Mine n.a. S.M. Kirov”. It is shown that on the basis of these wastes it is possible to prepare suspension coal-water slurry fuel with a solid content up to 56-60%, the required structural and rheological characteristics and lower heat value up to 13 MJ/kg. On the basis of the research results, a working draft for the creation of a pilot technological complex, processing waste coal with the production of coal-water slurry fuel and its combustion in a boiler plant, was developed.
The level of chemical elements in red and white clover
Authors: Endovicki R V , Sidorova K A , Pashayan S A
Published: September 2020

The work was carried out in the period from 2012 to 2018 on the basis of apiaries in the South of the Tyumen region, laboratory studies were performed at the Department of anatomy and physiology and in the clinical and diagnostic laboratory Of the Institute of biotechnology and veterinary medicine of the state agrarian University of the Northern TRANS-Urals, as well as in the laboratory of the Novosibirsk Institute of soil science and Agrochemistry SB RAS. The research material was flowers of white and red clover, samples of which were collected in apiaries. The number of the following chemical elements was determined in flower samples: Pb, Co, Ti, Mn, Zr, Zn, Cu, P, Ba, Sr, Ga, Mo, Sn, Sc, Yb, Be, As. The results of the study showed that red and white clover flowers growing under the same conditions showed different storage capacity for chemical elements. Since, in the flowers, the amounts of many minerals: Pb, Co, Mn, Zr, Zn, Cu, Ba, Mo, Sn, Sc and Be, were at different levels. To the rest of the trace elements As, Yb, P, Ti, Ga and Sr, the flowers of these plants showed the same cumulative properties.
Incidence of microorganisms antagonistic to plant pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium sp. in different soil communities
Authors: Puchkova E P , Ivchenko V K
Published: September 2020

The antibiotic activity of conidia germination of the fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium sp. in the culture filtrate of the antagonistic microorganisms identified in different soil communities have been quantitatively assessed. According to the research results, among 54 tested soil bacteria isolates, 26 have manifested a verified antagonistic activity to Bipolaris sorokiniana, 27 – to Fusarium sp. (TIG6), 36 – to Fusarium sp. (Y7ec), 40 – to Fusarium sp. (T2ec), as proven by the results of the mathematical treatment of the collected data (statistical significance p<0.01). It should be noted that the greatest number of the antagonists to plant pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana were found in the soil collected from underneath the wheat of the Tulunskaya-12 breed. The maximum number of the organisms antagonistic to fungi Fusarium sp. were found in the soil taken from underneath indoor plants and sod-meadow soil. Preliminary identification of the antagonistic soil bacteria has shown that the majority of the antagonistic bacteria represent the coryneform bacteria, including Arthrobacter sp. and Micobacterium sp., Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp., Actinobacteria group. A cluster and factor analysis of the test cultures by their sensitivity to the culture filtrate of the soil bacteria showed that the greatest similarity in the reaction to the bacterial metabolites is demonstrated by the isolates of Fusarium sp. T2ec and Y7ec. Compared to all isolates of Fusarium sp., Bipolaris sorokiniana show a significantly different reaction to the metabolites produced by soil bacteria. The x2 criterion-based statistic analysis did not show any difference in the incidence of the antagonistic microorganisms in the used test cultures.
The use of ozone-air mixture for the disinfection of milk catheters
Authors: Borkholeeva A V , Budaeva A B , Ochirova L A , Khundanova T L , Dolganova S G
Published: September 2020

Intracisternal drug treatment of bovine mastitis involves the use of sterile instruments, eliminating re-infection or infection from animal to animal. The use of the ozone-air mixture showed the possibility of effective use for disinfection of milk catheters, work surfaces and instruments made of various materials. The experiments were carried out on metal, wood and plastic test materials and milk catheters. The optimal exposure time for the disinfection of milk catheters and test material made of metal was 30 minutes, of wood - 60 minutes, and of plastic - 70 minutes.
Generalized indicator of adaptation of mobile units to zonal conditions
Authors: Selivanov N I , Averyanov V V , Zaprudsky V N , Kuzmin N V , Makeeva Yu N
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the rationale for a generalized indicator of the net productivity of high-speed units in zonal natural and production conditions. Models and an optimization algorithm were compiled for a generalized indicator of the net performance of mobile units for various technological purposes. The optimal value of net productivity was found from the condition of its minimum per unit product of the square of the corresponding operational productivity and coefficient of utilization of the shift time equivalent to the lowest specific energy consumption. According to the results of modeling the influence of natural and production conditions on the optimal adaptation indicator of aggregates, the following was identified: an increase in the length of the head from 200 to 1000 m is accompanied by an increase in the optimal net productivity by 2.0-2.4 times and the corresponding operational productivity by 2.4-2.8 times; a decrease in the energy intensity of the technological operation, determined by the characteristic of the resistivity of the working machine, leads to an increase in the net productivity shown with a simultaneous decrease in the utilization factor of the shift time, regardless of the rut, which determines the nature of the change in operational productivity and the width of the machine at nominal speed. They substantiated the optimal values of the generalized adaptation indicator of mobile units for a set of natural and production conditions, which are the basis of the system for the formation of requirements standards and a qualitative update of the machine and tractor fleet of the agricultural zone, taking into account the achieved level of operational technologies development and the target program for technical support of crop production.
Assessment of the level of development of electric transport
Authors: Morkovkin D E , Stroev P V , Gibadullin A A , Troshin D V , Makar S V , Sadriddinov M I
Published: September 2020

It is substantiated in the work that in recent years, the transition to new technologies, including in the transport sector, has reduced the environmental burden on the environment and can reduce the use of energy resources. As part of the study, an assessment was made of the level of development of electric transport. The work-analyzed indicators reflecting the level of development of public electric transport, because of which it was concluded that until 2016, the development of public electric transport was observed, but today its reduction is observed. The study found that the number of cities using electric transport is insignificant, but reduced. The analyzed volume of electric energy consumption by urban transport remains an uneven trend. The study proposed a model for ensuring the development of electric transport in Russia, because of which stages were, identified that aimed at achieving the research goal.
On the concept and types of harm to the environment
Authors: Scheblyakov E S , Farafontova E L , Kurbatova S M , Rakhinsky D V , Kuzhleva A A
Published: September 2020

At present, the problem of compensation for damage caused to the environment by the negative impact of humans and economic entities is one of the most important for all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. The result of human impact on the environment is climate change, as well as the condition of individual objects of the environment that are essential for human life. Depletion and pollution of the environment are enormous. Forms of human use of environmental objects are becoming more numerous and diverse. No less diverse are the sources of damage. This requires the development of effective legal mechanisms for compensation for damage in order to maintain the familiar state of the environment.
Effective indicators of diesel powered by natural gas and alcohol-fuel emulsions
Authors: Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P
Published: September 2020

Improving the fuel and energy performance of internal combustion engines is an urgent task, since the level of air pollution in a number of cities significantly exceeds sanitary standards, and the shortage of fuel resources is increasing. Experience shows that the development of a fundamentally new environmentally friendly and at the same time highly economical engine is associated with deep and long - term research, so according to the accepted methodology for conducting research on the use of natural gas (NG), NG with cooled recirculation (EGR), methanol-(MFE) and ethanol-fuel emulsions (EFE), comparative tests of diesel running on the diesel process (DP), gas-diesel process (GDP), GDP with EGR, MFE and EFE are presented.
Sorption of trichloroethylene under dynamic conditions
Authors: Gorelkina A K , Krasnova T A , Timoshchuk I V , Golubeva N S , Utrobina T A , Dudinskaya T K
Published: September 2020

The solution to the problem of obtaining water that is safe against organohalogen pollutants, including trichloroethylene, can be the use of adsorption purification methods. For engineering calculations of the treatment plant, adsorption constants, kinetic parameters and dynamic characteristics of the adsorption process are required. It is advisable, at the stage of technology development, to optimize the parameters and modes of the sorption columns using mathematical modeling based on equations of external diffusion dynamics of adsorption.
Development of tractor gas-diesel modifications
Authors: Lopatin O P
Published: September 2020

A system for reducing toxicity has been developed that includes the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and is intended for both new tractors and those in service. The use of CNG does not require expensive equipment, significant design changes, and re-equipment is possible in specialized workshops of farms and repair and technical enterprises.
Prospects for photostimulation of nisin biosynthesis
Authors: Nogina A A , Diachkova A V , Tikhonov S L , Tikhonova N V
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the article was to study the effect of blue spectrum light on the nisin producer Lactobacillus lactis. It was found that photostimulation of a Lactobacillus Lactis culture with blue spectrum light (435-470 nm) with a light flux intensity of 1800 mcd for 50-60 minutes positively affects the activity of nisin (increases by 60.1%), while the titer of the Lactobacillus culture lactis is 2 times higher. At the same time, there is a slight decrease in nisin titer after 24 hours of incubation, which is explained by the peculiarities of nisin biosynthesis: nisin is less active at the beginning of biosynthesis; during the period of the exponential growth phase, an increase in the biosynthesis of nisin is noted; the greatest activity of nisin is noted at the beginning of the stationary phase; nisin synthesis is reduced in the middle of the stationary phase of the cells; self-regulation of nisin synthesis (increased nisin synthesis leads to increased competition for metabolites of the substrate and energy material, nisin molecules act as an external factor that regulates synthesis). Light treatment of the nisin producer Lactobacillus lactis increases its resistance to oxidative stress and enhances its viability. As a result of studies during storage of the Lactobacillus lactis culture in skimmed milk, the positive effect of light on the high preservation of nisin activity was proved. Thus, photostimulation of the bioproducer of nisin - Lactobacillus Lactis culture with blue light with a light flux intensity of 1800 mcd for 50-60 minutes has a positive effect on its viability and allows us to recommend the use of blue light to increase nisin production.
Habitat and Specificity of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera, Satyridae) of Kurgan Oblast
Authors: Khlyzova T A , Kozlov S A
Published: September 2020

In the South Trans-Urals, the Satyridae family is represented by 24 species, including P. afra and E. medusa, the species listed among the endangered species of Kurgan Oblast. Among the Satyridae inhabiting the region, C. tullia is the only species found in the Holarctic habitat; the rest belong to the Palearctic butterflies. In the region, the majority of the species spend the winter as a larva; two species live through the winter as a pupa. For three species, C. hero, P. afra, and C. persephone, the winter stage has not been found. By the trophic specialization of the larvae, the Satyridae are represented by broadly oligophagous and broadly polyphagous larvae. Based on the emergence timing, the imagoes of the Satyridae living in the South Trans Urals can be divided into three phenological groups: early summer (6 species), summer (15 species) and late summer (1 species). Generally, the Satyridae fauna of the region can be referred to as inhabitant in the forest-steppe area. By the landscape and biotopic allocation, the Satyridae of the region can be conventionally divided into four ecological groups: the inhabitants of the pine and small-leaved forests, the inhabitants of the forest-outlier and meadow landscape, inhabitants of the steppe-heaths and eurybionts. The greatest diversity of the species was found in the open space fauna (clearcuts and forest openings) of the pine and small-leaved forests. The similarity of the species composition of the Satyridae inhabitant in the forest-outlier and steppe landscapes constitutes 53%. This is explained, first of all, by the abundance of the Poaceae being the fodder plans of the caterpillars for the majority of the species.
Analytical processing of experimental results for determining the particle size of soot in various parts of the diesel exhaust system
Authors: Likhanov V A , Rossokhin A V
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we consider methods for processing experimental data regarding the determination of the sizes of soot particles selected in the exhaust system, as well as their size distribution in order to find the relationship between the sizes of soot particles and their shares in the total particle array. Corresponding data on the distribution of soot particles by size for an automobile diesel engine of dimension 4CHN 11,0/12,5 are presented, mathematical dependencies describing this distribution are established.
Features of calculating the ignition delay period
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Anfilatov A A
Published: September 2020

Recently, the problem of expanding the raw material base of automobile fuels and at the same time reducing their negative impact on the environment through the use of non-traditional or alternative fuels has become acute. Among them, compressed natural gas and alcohols are most popular in road transport. Vyatka agricultural Academy continues to study the impact of alcohol consumption in diesels when they are fed using a dual fuel supply system. Despite the fact that the ignition delay period takes up a small fraction of the operating cycle and in diesels is only a few milliseconds, the value of this parameter in providing the required efficient and environmentally friendly characteristics of piston engines is huge. The calculation of the ignition delay period when working on alternative fuels is particularly relevant. The article presents a method for calculating the ignition delay period when working on alcohol.
Model of soot formation and burning in the cylinder of a dimension 4 H 11.0 / 12.5 diesel engine
Authors: Chuprakov A I , Toropov A E , Grebnev A V
Published: September 2020

Based on the research work on the use of various alcohols as an alternative motor fuel for various internal combustion engines, a number of conclusions were drawn on the stages of formation of the main combustion products. This article presents a part of theoretical studies when using methyl alcohol in the form of a fuel emulsion as an alternative motor fuel. One of the most dangerous toxic components of liquid fuel combustion products is soot. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to reduce its content. To do this, you need to know the methods and stages of soot formation, which affect the final concentration by weight. The most important task can be called the determination of the prevailing mechanisms of the appearance of soot in the combustion of liquid fuels in the cylinders of engines. A variable zonal model of soot formation in a 4 H 11.0 / 12.5 high-speed diesel engine is presented when working on an alternative emulsified alcohol fuel - methanol-fuel emulsion. The stages of the formation of carbon particles during the oxidation of fuel inside the cylinder are considered.
Experimental determination of the performance of a diesel engine using compressed natural gas under various load conditions
Authors: Araslanov M I
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the results of bench tests of a four-cylinder diesel engine D-245.12C, in which the indicators of fuel combustion in the engine cylinder and the processes characterizing the heat release in this case were studied. The studies were carried out in a comparative way, since we were interested in how these indicators would change when the engine was converted to a new type of fuel. The entire range of engine load changes is considered - from minimum to maximum, the necessary calculations are carried out, recommendations are given on adjusting and loading modes that allow introducing the proposed type of fuel and the engines running on it into production. Two values of the rotational speed of the crankshaft were taken as the calculated ones: the frequency corresponding to the nominal rotation frequency and the rotation frequency corresponding to the maximum torque mode, 2400 and 1900 rpm, respectively. The results are shown in graphical form and allow you to evaluate the change in the main parameters depending on the change in load.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator technology potential in agricultural LED lighting
Authors: Bamatov Ibragim M , Bamatov M
Published: September 2020

Nanogenerator Technology is gaining more and more popularity among the scientist society. The triboelectric nanogenerators in particular already are used in different industries. The aim of the work was to see the achievements in the field, and what the state of art of triboelectric technology can offer to solve some of the problems agriculture industry is facing today. A way to implement the technology to a greenhouse was introduced in the work, to reduce the cost for the usage of LED lighting in the greenhouse. It was calculated that triboelectric nanogenerator system that is a kilometre long and a metre wide can potentialy support LED lighting in a greenhouse with an actual area of coverage of more than 650 hectares. The actual numbers are expected to be very different since there are no evidences of the technology being implemented at this stage of its development into the agriculture as a LED energy source. The system was suggested to be made near a busy motor way to convert the kinetic energy of the cars into the electrical power. The system is expected to have many advantages over the conventional electromagnetic power generating system, but due to obvious disadvantages of the dependence of the energy generated on the traffic, the technology is suggested best to be used in combination with electricity from public network.
To the problem of the natural environment quality in the oil storage and transshipment facilities zones of influence
Authors: Sedusova E V , May I V , Kleyn S V
Published: September 2020

The oil storage and transhipment are usually located outside the boundaries of settlements, often on agricultural lands. Environmental pollution will inevitably have a negative impact on land productivity and products quality. The study deals with the problem of atmospheric air and soil quality in the impact zones of objects of storage and oil reloading. It is established that the quality of atmospheric air and soil in the zones of influence of such facilities does not meet the environmental legislation requirements. The main sources of environmental pollution are: the reservoirs of raw materials and final products, pumping station pumps and place of the final product loading in automotive, rail tank cars and other containers. The priority pollutants include hydrogen sulfide, phenol, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes, mercaptans, saturated hydrocarbons C1-C5 and C6-C10. It is established that the greatest threat of the environment pollution is: the imported product low quality; a legacy hardware design of the petroleum products storage and handling, improper waste management. Economic subjects recommended to organize the incoming quality control of oil confirmation of compliance of its members with supporting documents. In terms of improving the hardware design of the technological process is proposed: application of loopback vapors during road tankers discharge, creating a covered loading with an oil overload from storage tanks to rail tank cars, the use of nitrogen cushions or pontoons in oil storage, the use of modern technologies of storage and/or disposal of oil sludge liquidation and sludge pits recultivation.
Features of soybean seed production of the northern ecotype at the first stages
Authors: Mikhaylova N , Fadeev A
Published: September 2020

The Chuvash Research Agricultural Institute - Branch of “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitskogo”, has developed new scientific approaches to the selection of source material in the primary stages of seed production of soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype for soil and climatic conditions in the southern part of the Volga-Vyatka region of Russia. In primary seed nurseries, the selection scheme and the degree of rejection of plants are presented. The concept of primary seed production of modern varieties of the Chuvash Research Agricultural Institute is based on reducing the number of generations and is based on the characteristics of varieties of the Northern ecotype.
Asymmetry and shape in leaf blade red clover
Authors: Baranov S G , Vinokurov I Y , Zykov I E , Fedorova L V
Published: September 2020

The plastic variability, shape and asymmetry of the leaf plates of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L) depending on various doses of fertilizer and soil cultivation methods were studied. A correlation between the index of plastic variability and the value fluctuating asymmetry was obtained (r = 0.23-0.63; p <0.05). Using the geometric morphometrics, the presence of directional asymmetry was confirmed, and a highly statistically significant variation in the shape of the sheet plate was obtained. In only one sample, a pure fluctuating asymmetry was obtained; in remain cases – a mixture of two types of asymmetry. The authors explain the effect of the declining developmental stability by a low dose of fertilizer, as well as a crop rotation scheme with a relatively low content of trace elements in the soil. A high dole of directional asymmetry verified the influence of genotypic variation on the asymmetry and shape of leaf blade and, therefore, a high dependence of phenotypic variation on the genotype.
The organization of feeding animals in aviaries
Authors: Moiseeva T A
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the modern general rules for feeding animals kept in enclosures (in zoos). The characteristics of plant and animal feeds used in zoos are given, the need for free access of animals to feeds and water is emphasized, the controversial use of enzyme additives and antibiotics for feeding animals is indicated. The various methods for storing feed are listed. It is indicated that aviary complexes in various natural and economic regions have different species composition of fodder products, significantly different from each other; therefore, it is difficult for all of them to unify animal feeding diets. A common feature for households is that they make extensive use of local feed, because costs can be reduced only with the help of such fee. In this case, the nutritional value of feed is usually determined by the calories based on the fact that thermal energy in the animal’s body is released during the oxidation of the nutrients coming from the feed. Each group of animals has its own norms and rules of feeding and watering, the examples of dietary standards for some groups of animals are given, the importance of the method of feeding the animal is noted.
Mannheimiosis of cattle, sheep and goats
Authors: Laishevtsev A I
Published: September 2020

Respiratory diseases of farm animals cause great economic losses to cattle-breeding, sheep-breeding and goat-breeding enterprises. On the territory of the Russian Federation one of the most wide-spread respiratory diseases among cattle, sheep and goats is Pasteurellosis, with Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica (earlier Pasteurella haemolytica) considered as its pathogens until not long ago. On the basis of the peculiarities and differences of the biological features of the mentioned microorganisms as well as on the basis of differences in aetiology, epizootiology, pathogenesis and clinicopathologic manifestations of the disease, infection caused by M. haemolytica was differentiated from Pasteurellosis and assigned to a new nosology – Mannheimiosis. In its turn Mannheimiosis is a Pasteurellosis-like disease, which needs some predisposing stress factors to appear. Unlike Pasteurellosis, Mannheimiosis does not appear independently, but can provoke secondary complications. Nowadays the peculiarities of Pasteurellosis are thoroughly studied, while there is not enough systematized data on Mannheimiosis. Due to all mentioned above we consider the relevance of the studies on Mannheimiosis of cattle, sheep and goats to be obvious. Presented work contents the information about microorganism M. haemolytica, the description of its cultural, morphological, biochemical and serological features, as well as factors of virulence of the pathogen, due to which pathogenesis of the infection develops. Moreover, there is information about the development of Mannheimiosis, the most typical signs of the infection, principles of laboratory diagnosis, treatment and specific prevention.
Species diversity of Clostridia causing malignant edema in cattle
Authors: Kapustin A V , Laishevtcev A I , Ivanov E V , Danilyuk A V
Published: September 2020

In modern conditions of animal husbandry, when high-tech methods of breeding replace existing approaches to livestock maintenance, timely vaccination is almost the only reliable way to fight clostridiosis. Anaerobic infections are a serious problem for livestock breeding worldwide. The damage is caused by economic losses and animal deaths, as well as by the adverse conditions in the area, contaminated by spores of pathogens and losses from the introduction of quarantine measures and restrictions. Due to the wide spread of pathogens in the environment, the acute or super-acute course of the disease and the severity of damage to body tissues, treatment of animals is almost 100% ineffective compared to specific prevention. However, for the development of an effective immunobiological medication, it is necessary to justify its composition, therefore, it is important to constantly monitor the etiological structure of clostridiosis in cattle.
Molecular-genetic analysis of bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5) in the milk of cows in farms of Vologda region
Authors: Simanova I N , Alekseyenkova S V , Yurov K P
Published: September 2020

The results of molecular-genetic analyses of milk sample are presented in this article. The experimental studies were carried out in the dairy cattle of livestock farms of the Vologda region suspected to the respiratory infections. Samples of milk were obtained from the cows with the following clinical signs: cough and mucosal discharges from the nasal cavity. The laboratory studies were conducted in the virology laboratory of Federal scientific center-all-Russian research Institute of experimental veterinary medicine. Polymerase chain reaction and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used for the detection of the genome of the viruses. The samples were tested for the presence of following viral infections: bovine herpesvirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus – mucosal disease, parainfluenza-3 virus and coronavirus. A comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the studied virus and the reference strains of the GenBank database showed the similarity of the detected virus in cow milk of the Vologda region with the Bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5). During the differential diagnostics, the coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and parainfluenza-3 virus were excluded. Thus, as a result of the studies, Bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5) was detected for the first time in the milk of cows of livestock farms of the Vologda region.
Some features of primary seed production of large-grained rice genotypes on the example of variety Anait
Authors: Dzhamirze R R , Ostapenko N V , Garkusha S V , Chinchenko N N
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of rice grain of variety Anait. It was previously noted that in this variety in the primary seed production nurseries there is a different quality of grain on the panicle and in the plant community. This can be explained by the different quality of technological indicators of grain and milled rice. The variety of grain quality of Anait is due to the interaction of its three forms: matrix (maternal), environmental and genetic. In the primary seed production nursery (P-1) of rice variety Anait, 25 families were analyzed. A biometric analysis of plants was made and important technological indicators of the quality of grain and milled rice were determined. Variability in the grain thickness was established, expressed by the variability of the mass of 1000 grains not only between families, but also within the family, on a panicle. Rice variety Anait is unique in that it has a very large grain, but the weight of 1000 grains can vary from 33.0 to 44.4 g. The weight of 1000 grains in it depends on the thickness of the grains. Family varieties were grouped into three classes according to the grain thickness: class I - with a thickness of 2.0-2.2 mm; II class - 1.9-2.0 mm and III class - families with high mobility of the trait, i.e. showing inconsistency in thickness over 2016-2018. The variability of the main technological quality traits of grain and milled rice by classes amounted to: I class - filminess - 0.3-5.7%, grain thickness - 0.7-2.0%, weight of 1000 grains - 2.1-3.8%; II class - 0.9-8.4%, 0.3-3.2% and 0.5-3.6%, respectively; III class - 8.2-9.3%, 5.5-7.3% and 6.2-10.4%, respectively. Specific correlation relationships in each class are established, which determine their peculiarity in the subsequent seed production.
Influence of cultivation factors on morphogenesis in vitro Salix acutifolia Willd
Authors: Sergeev R V , Zontikov D N , Zontikova S A , Kostromin D V , Lastochkin D M , Medyakov A A , Timakov A A , Alekseev A V , Kamensky A D
Published: September 2020

Salix contains salicylates in their leaves, bark, and buds. That is why there is a necessity in elaborating microcloning propagation technologies of same genotypes which are high productive in salicin in order to create industrial plantations. The study examined the effect of 25 different combinations of BAP and NAA concentrations on the growth and development of S. acutifolia. The best results were observed on MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.01 or 0.1 mg/l NAA, and rhizogenesis on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 and 0.2 mg/l NAA. In order to study the effect of the mineral composition of basic media on the morphogenesis of S. acutifolia in an in vitro culture, DKW, GD, MS, and WPM were tested. Kn, BAP, and 2iP were compared to study the effect of cytokinins on the morphogenetic ability of S. acutifolia explants. The influence of the mineral composition of the medium on the rhizogenesis of S. acutifolia explants in vitro was evaluated on four studied media DKW, GD, WPM, and MS. Each medium contained 3% sucrose, 0.6% agar-agar, and 0.2 mg/l NAA. As a control, MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l NAA was selected.
Aspects of recreational zoning of the forest park “Kuskovo”
Authors: Novikov A V , Sumarukova O V , Lagutina N V , Evgrafov A V , Rodionov A V
Published: September 2020

Control over the state of protected areas in the city is an extremely important activity, as these areas are of great recreational, environmental and educational importance, and the pressure exerted on them by residents of the city and their activities can disrupt the balance in these ecosystems. There are four main types of anthropogenic impact on natural areas: trampling and littering, contamination of water bodies and animal disturbance factors. All these problems are related to the large number of visitors to natural areas. The natural environment has a response to any human impact, which means that it is possible to identify the force of this impact and to form methods to minimize it. The condition of natural-historical park “Kuskovo” is assessed with the help of environmental control methods and devices. The flora and fauna of the territory are considered and the Red Book species are identified. Classification of forest landscapes, analysis of road and path network, recreational digression and noise impact on the investigated area were also made.
Incidence and identification of peste des petits ruminants virus in Tajikistan
Authors: Amirbekov M , Abdulloev A O , Anoyatbekov M , Gulyukin A M , Zaberezhny A D
Published: September 2020

The recent data on the epizootological situation, clinical manifestations, and molecular genetic characteristics of the peste des petits ruminants virus identified in Tajikistan are presented in this article. Animals from four administrative divisions were examined. When analyzing seroprevalence using a competitive ELISA test, it was noted that infection was heterogeneous between regions. In the Regions of republican subordination, it was composed 70%, in Khatlon regions 43%, in the districts of Sughd 50% and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region 40%. The obtained results of phylogenetic analyses determined the continuous extension of lineage IV in Tajikistan.
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in clinical veterinary practice
Authors: Viktorova E V , Savchenkova I P
Published: September 2020

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells have a high therapeutic uniqueness. Their potential extends to the treatment numerous of animal diseases. This is due to their properties. They have the ability to self-renew in the culture for a long time. Upon induction to differentiation, cells are able to form cells within the same germ layer. When introduced into the body of an animal, they can exhibit an immunomodulatory effect, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic. In this regard, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells are considered as promising cellular material for the regeneration of animal tissues and organs. We conditionally divided the achievements of regenerative cell medicine described in the scientific literature using multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into groups. The division was carried out according to the nature of the pathological process (degenerative, immunological, inflammatory).
Materials for the study of entomofauna of protected areas of Altai Krai: Ikonnikov Island
Authors: Psarev A M , Eremeev E A , Zinchenko V K
Published: September 2020

Altai Krai is characterized by a low degree of knowledge of entomofauna of the protected areas (specially protected natural areas). The article presents, for the first time, the results of a study of necrophilous beetles on the territory of the natural monument “The confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers (Ikonnikov Island)”. The collection of the material was carried out using soil baited pitfall traps. There were discovered 64 species from 7 families of Coleoptera. The most abundant in species was Staphylinidae (43.77% of the total number of species). Families Silphidae and Histeridae have significantly less number of species (20.31% and 12.5% respectively), as well as other families (Scarabaeidae, Leiodidae, Dermestidae, Hydrophilidae), which were represented by 3-5 species each. The most abundant in the number of specimens was Silphidae (Nicrophorus vespillo, N. vespilloides, Oiceoptoma thoracicum). Common and numerous were Anoplotrupes stercorosus, Aphodius rectus (Scarabaeidae), Sciodrepoides watsoni (Leiodidae), Hister unicolor, Saprinus semistriatus (Histeridae), Creophylus maxilosus (Staphylinidae). The estimation of the species richness, degree of dominance and evenness of species in the community of necrophilous Coleoptera showed medium values of Shannon index (H=2.6), Berger-Parker index (D=0.26) and Pielou’s evenness index (E=0.44).
Productivity of edible fungi in taiga communities
Authors: Luginina E A , Egoshina T L
Published: September 2020

The authors studied edible macrofungi in natural forest communities of middle taiga in Kirov region, Russia. Out of more than 400 macrofungi species known within the area, 5 are rare and being protected, over 20 are used as medicinal, 149 species are considered edible, of which 46 are legally allowed for collection. Local population mostly collects 10-15 species. The largest species variety of economically important macrofungi is found in cowberry and maianthemum-cowberry forest types in whichBoletus edulis, B. piniphilus, Leccinum scabrum, L. aurantiacum, L. versipelle, Suillus variegates, Xerocomus subtomentosus, Lactarius rufus, Cantharellus cibariusdominate. Maximum long-term average annual productivity of fruit bodies is marked in young pine lichen forests (127.1 kg/ha), minimum - in mature and overmature bilberry and maianthemum-bilberry spruce forests (24.0 kg/ha). In years of good yield basic dominating species of edible fungi in middle taiga areSuillus granulatusandS. luteus(productivity up to 28-57 kg/ha),Cantharellus cibarius(11-17 kg/ha) and red-cap bolete (up to 21 kg/ha).