bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Advertisement Location and Familiarity on Selective Attentions
Authors: Jessen Tanja Lund , Rodway Paul
Published: September 2010

This study comprised two experiments to examine the distracting effects of advertisement familiarity, location, and onset on the performance of a selective attention task. In Exp. 1, familiar advertisements presented in peripheral vision disrupted selective attention when the attention task was more demanding, suggesting that the distracting effect of advertisements is a product of task demands and advertisement familiarity and location. In Exp. 2, the onset of the advertisement shortly before, or after, the attention task captured attention and disrupted attentional performance. The onset of the advertisement before the attention task reduced target response time without an increase in errors and therefore facilitated performance. Despite being instructed to ignore the advertisements, the participants were able to recall a substantial proportion of the familiar advertisements. Implications for the presentation of advertisements during human–computer interaction were discussed.
Speech Rate Treatments for Individuals with Dysarthria: A Tutorial
Authors: Blanchet Paul G. , Snyder Gregory J.
Published: September 2010

Research confirms the long-standing clinical observation that patients with dysarthria exhibit variability in speech rate. Thus, modifying speech rate has been documented as one of the best treatment options for these patients. In this tutorial, several published rate control interventions for dysarthric speakers are presented. Studies discussed utilized various interventions, including pacing boards, alphabet board supplementation, visual and auditory feedback, cueing and pacing strategies, and delayed auditory feedback. Interventions discussed represent a hierarchy from “rigid” strategies, which impose maximal rate control, to techniques allowing for greater speech naturalness and independent rate control. All procedures are examined with respect to effectiveness in reducing rate, effect on intelligibility and prosody, training requirements, specific alterations made to speech rate, and other relevant aspects.
Skilled Basketball Players Rotate Their Shoulders More during Running While Dribbling
Authors: Fujii Keisuke , Yamada Yosuke , Oda Shingo
Published: September 2010

The relationship between running velocity and trunk rotation during normal running and running while dribbling was investigated in 7 male competitive basketball players and 7 male nonplayers. Participants performed a normal 20-m sprint and a 20-m sprint while dribbling a basketball. For the motion analysis, all individuals also performed normal running and running while dribbling at target of their maximal speed of sprinting and dribbling, respectively. Basketball players showed significantly smaller decreases in their running velocity from 85% maximal (target) sprint to 85% maximal (target) dribbling speeds than nonplayers. Furthermore, basketball players rotated their shoulders significantly more during target dribbling than during target running. For all participants, significant positive correlations were found between the decreases in running velocity and shoulder rotation. The results suggested that the basketball players' greater shoulder rotation during dribbling permits their running velocity to decrease less during target dribbling compared to a maximal sprint.
Football and Exchange Rates: Empirical Support for Behavioral Economics
Authors: Eker Gulin , Berument Hakan , Dogan Burak
Published: September 2010

Recently, economic theory has been expanded to incorporate emotions, which have been assumed to play an important role in financial decisions. The present study illustrates this by showing a connection between the sports performance of popular national football teams (Besiktas, Fenerbahce, and Galatasaray) and performance of the Turkish economy. Specifically, a significant positive association was found between the success of three major professional Turkish football teams and the exchange rate of the Turkish lira against the U.S. dollar. The effect of the football success of several Turkish football teams on the exchange rate of the Turkish lira was examined using the simultaneous multiple regression model with predictor measures of wins, losses, and ties for different combinations of teams to predict the depreciation rate of the Turkish lira between the years 1987 and 2003. Wins by Turkish football teams against foreign (non-Turkish) rivals increased with exchange rate depreciation of the Turkish lira against the U.S. dollar.
Motives for Secondary Social Sharing of Emotions
Authors: Christophe Véronique , Delelis Gérald , Antoine Pascal , Nandrino Jean-Louis
Published: September 2010

This study provides new evidence of motives of secondary social sharing of emotions. In a retrospective study, 140 female ( Mage = 29.4 yr., SD=12.8) and 116 male ( Mage = 29.5 yr., SD=13.1) participants were asked to recall a recent situation in which they had talked to a third person about a positive or negative, low or high intensity emotional narrative they had heard. 70% of the respondents reported having secondarily shared the reported event rapidly after the narration with several persons and at several times. Moreover, they not only described the event, the speaker's reaction and their own reactions, but also revealed the identity of their first confidant. Participants reported having spread the emotional narrative more widely in the high negative condition in order to seek emotional support and social comparison.
Individual Differences in Vigor and Deliberation: Development of Two New Measures from an Evolutionary Psychology Theory of Human Motivation
Authors: Bernard Larry C.
Published: September 2010

Three studies (total N = 403 participants; M age = 31.1 yr.; SD=13.8) are reported on the development, psychometric properties, and convergent and discriminant validities of two individual differences dimensions of Vigor (constructive arousal and energy that drives the general intensity of behavior) and Deliberation (prudence in the delay of immediate action and consideration of competing motives, emotions, and consequences of action that promote convergence of behavior toward socially desirable outcomes). These dimensions are part of Bernard, Mills, Swenson, and Walsh's evolutionary psychology theory of human motivation. Analysis suggests Vigor and Deliberation scales have reasonably good psychometric properties and may aid research on motivation from an evolutionary perspective.
Effects of Communication Skills on Stress Responses While Speaking Japanese and English
Authors: Hirokawa Kumi , Yagi Akihiro , Miyata Yo
Published: September 2010

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of communication skills on stress responses, such as physiological (blink and heart rate), emotional (state of anxiety and mood), and behavioral responses (smiling and expressing an opinion) in stressful communication situations, specifically answering questions and giving a speech in Japanese and English. Participants were 32 students (16 men and 16 women; Mage = 19.5 yr., SD= 1.3) attending a Japanese university. A high communication skills group was selected from the upper tertile scores of the Social Skills Inventory, and a low communication skills group was selected from the lower tertile scores. Analysis indicated that individuals who had high communication skills performed without heart-rate increase and with more positive attitude during stressful communication tasks. Individuals who had low communication skills displayed higher anxiety prior to the experiment than those who had high communication skills.
Association of General Population Suicide Rates with Fertility Rates: A Test of Fertility as a Measure of Social Integration
Authors: Bhandarkar Ritesh , Shah Ajit
Published: September 2010

A negative correlation between societal suicide rates and social integration has been reported using data within individual countries; however, this has rarely been examined cross-nationally. The relation of general population suicide rates with fertility rates across 75 countries was examined for data from the World Health Organization and the United Nations. Social integration has been defined as the extent to which members of society are bound together in social relationships, and higher fertility rates, reflecting greater vigour and unity of the family, serve as a proxy measure of social integration. Multiple regression analysis indicated that general population suicide rates in males and females were independently correlated with fertility rates. The relation of general population suicide rates with fertility rates was also curvilinear (U-shaped curve). Explanation of the observed curvilinear relationship requires further study.
Temperament and Character Inventory in Homicidal, Nonaddicted Paranoid Schizophrenic Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Vandamme Michel J. , Nandrino Jean-Louis
Published: September 2010

This study assessed the personalities of 13 murderer schizophrenics using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory, controlling different factors such as institution, treatment, detention or loss of liberty, and can discriminate between schizophrenic patients involved in homicide, schizophrenics with no past violent behavior, paranoiac murderers, and imprisoned murderers with no psychiatric history. Results show significantly that murderer schizophrenics had significantly higher scores on the subscale, Self-transcendence, than other groups, which suggests that Self-transcendence as measured may be an aggravating factor for schizophrenia and may be found in the personality of schizophrenic subjects who performed homicidal acts. This dimension constitutes a way and an additional element for diagnosis not available with the DSM–IV criteria. It may help understanding and predicting violent behavior among schizophrenic patients.
Facial Attractiveness, Applicants' Qualifications, and Judges' Expertise about Decisions in Preselective Recruitment
Authors: Dubois Michael , Pansu Pascal
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to assess how facial attractiveness, applicants' qualifications, and the expertise of judges influence preselective recruitment in a relational occupation, hotel management. Participants (96 hotel managers and 96 students) were asked to judge a fictitious applicant based on a resumé and a photograph. Overall, analysis showed that the classic effect of attractiveness on the judgments of evaluators was modulated by the applicants' qualifications.
Participants' Naiveté and Confidentiality in Psychological Research
Authors: Tindell Deborah R. , Bohlander Robert W.
Published: September 2010

This study tested whether participants who deny knowledge about a study and agree to maintain confidentiality should be trusted. 75 female and 33 male undergraduates from a small, private university participated. Their ages ranged from 17 to 43 years ( M = 19.9, SD = 2.8). Participants were given vital information about a problem-solving study by a confederate, then were asked on a questionnaire about possessing such information. Only 31% of informed participants gave that information. 69% did not indicate on the questionnaire they had been informed, which is a concern. After signing a confidentiality agreement, participants were asked by another confederate to share information. Although participants rarely gave information to the confederate, in a follow-up survey conducted after the study was complete, 46% admitted they gave information to others outside of the experimental setting, and 20% admitted they had heard information before they arrived to take part in the study.
Effects of Perceived Risk and Strength of Affiliation on Decisions to Help Others: Toward a Convergence of Evolutionary and Social Psychology
Authors: Wilbanks Brady A. , Matheson Megan D. , Eubanks James L. , DeVietti Terry L.
Published: September 2010

In this study, the influence of perceived affiliation with a target and perceived risk on decisions to act altruistically were investigated. These are variables which have been suggested by the social and evolutionary psychology literatures, respectively. 12 participants responded to automobile accident scenarios that combined risk and affiliation with a target in descriptions of opportunities to render aid. Participants reported a lower likelihood to help when perceived risk was high, but only if their perceived affiliation with the targets was low or moderate; tendency to help highly affiliated targets was uniformly high throughout all risk conditions. Participants' ratings of certainty in their decisions to render aid were directly related to both perceived risk and perceived affiliation with a target. Decisions were arrived at more slowly when perceived risk and perceived affiliation were both moderate. Therefore, both risk and affiliation were considered by participants when deciding whether to act altruistically. This illustrates a convergence of predictions from social and evolutionary psychology.
Note on Psychometric Properties of Playfulness Scales with Adolescents
Authors: Fix Gerald A. , Schaefer Charles
Published: September 2010

105 female and 85 male high school students completed two scales designed to measure playfulness, the Playfulness Scale for Adults and the Adult Playfulness Scale, and two scales designed to measure creativity, the Similes Test and The Franck Drawing Completion Test. The playfulness scales exhibited high internal consistency and good construct validity. Cronbach alpha was .84 for the Playfulness Scale for Adults and .88 for the Adult Playfulness Scale, and split-half reliability was .79 (Spearman-Brown) and .79 (Guttman) for the Adult Playfulness Scale and .87 (Spearman-Brown) and .86 (Guttman) for the Playfulness Scale for Adults. 2-wk. test-retest reliability for the Playfulness Scale for Adults was .89, which compared favorably to the test-retest reliability of .84 previously reported for the Adult Playfulness Scale.
Instructions and Word Bias in a Lexical Decision Task
Authors: Piercey C. Darren
Published: September 2010

During a lexical decision task, identification of words is usually faster and more accurate than identification of nonwords. Normally, when instructions are presented to participants, an emphasis is placed on identifying words. The purpose of this study was to assess whether changing the instructions so emphasis is placed on identifying nonwords would change this word versus nonword effect. For 48 participants, 24 in the Word Instruction Type condition and 24 in the Nonword Instruction Type condition a significant word versus nonword main effect was found, but no interaction between type of instruction (word vs nonword focus) and type of item (word vs nonword). This indicates that participants' bias towards making word decisions may be very strong and may be based on prior experience and hence not easily affected by the kind of instructions given. Methodological issues for research are discussed.
Psychology of Learning: A New Approach to Study Behavior of Rhodnius Prolixus Stal under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Abramson Charles I. , Frasca Joseph , Fehr Ryan , Romero Enrique Sulbaran , Lizano Eliecer , Aldana Elis
Published: September 2010

Conditioning methodologies associated with the psychology of learning are suggested as a new strategy to investigate behavior of the assassin bug Rhodnius prolixus, which is the main vector of Chagas disease in Venezuela. Chagas disease is the fourth leading cause of death in Latin America, as it causes severe chronic illness and approximately 43,000 deaths per year. To illustrate this strategy, two preliminary experiments are reported. In the first, Pavlovian conditioning was examined by pairing an olfactory conditioned stimulus with a temperature unconditioned stimulus. A temperature of 42°C elicits a complex behavioral sequence in R. prolixus consisting of proboscis extension and crawling. Over the course of 12 training trials, this behavioral sequence was not elicited by an olfactory conditioned stimulus. In the second experiment, a latent inhibition paradigm was used to pre-expose R. prolixus to an olfactory conditioned stimulus before pairing the odor with temperature. Over the course of training, an effect of pre-exposure was found. Suggestions for research are discussed and potential conditioned and unconditioned stimuli identified.
Job Control and Burnout across Occupations
Authors: Taris Toon W. , Bakker Arnold B. , Schaufeli Wilmar B. , Stoffelsen Jeroen , Van Dierendonck Dirk
Published: September 2010

Researchers have reported that, for individual workers, low job control is associated with high burnout; however, as yet it is unclear whether this association holds for occupations as well. Whether differences in job control between occupations as assessed by eight expert judges could account for individual-level and occupational-level differences in burnout rates. Data were obtained from 9,503 incumbents of 28 occupations in The Netherlands ( M age = 37.9 yr., SD = 8.7; 50% were men). Burnout was measured on the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Occupational-level job control was inversely correlated with burnout, explaining 16% of the variation in occupational-level burnout. Thus, between-occupation differences in job control are somewhat systematically related to burnout.
Further Examination of Measurement Properties of Spanish Version of the Sexual Desire Inventory with Undergraduates and Adolescent Students
Authors: Ortega Virgilio , Zubeidat Ihab , Sierra Juan Carlos
Published: September 2010

The factor structure and construct validity of a Spanish version of Spector, Carey, and Steinberg's Sexual Desire Inventory was examined with structural equation modelling and a nonclinical sample ( N = 608). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that Dyadic and Solitary sexual desire scales measured two factorially distinct constructs. Their internal consistency reliabilities were .87 and .88, respectively. Structural equation analysis indicated that both subscales are distinguishable from similarly conceptualized correlates of sexual desire: the Impersonal subscale of the Sex Fantasy Questionnaire and the Erotophilia measure of the Sexual Opinion Survey. However, the data raised some questions about an empirical distinction between dyadic sexual desire and intimate sexual fantasy.
Association of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Infant Neurobehavioral Status
Authors: Suzuki Keita , Nakai Kunihiko , Oka Tomoko , Sakai Takeo , Hosokawa Toru , Okamura Kunihiro , Satoh Chieko , Satoh Hiroshi
Published: September 2010

The association of maternal smoking during pregnancy with neurobehavioral status was examined in 344 Japanese infants. Based on a questionnaire, their mothers were classified into three groups, Nonsmokers, Exsmokers, and Smokers. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was administered three days after birth. Among the three groups, on the seven clusters and their 28 behavioral subscales there were no significant differences. The infants of Smokers had lower scores than those of Exsmokers and Nonsmokers on two behavioral items, general tone and peak of excitement. General tone remained significant after adjustment for covariates.
An Overview of Adapting Educational and Psychological Assessment Instruments: Past and Present
Authors: Merenda Peter F.
Published: September 2010

This article provides a focal summary of procedures on the proper adaptation of a test for cross-cultural purposes. This is directed to potential and current users of measurement instruments that have been developed in one culture and are intended to be adapted to another culture. Attention is directed to the absolute necessity of complying with the International Test Commission Principles of Test Adaptations.
Social Desirability Bias in Diary Panels is Evident in Panelists' Behavioral Frequency
Authors: Toh Rex S. , Lee Eunkyu , Hu Michael Y.
Published: September 2010

The purpose was to analyze a large-scale database, a national sample of 1,108 heads of households collected by AT&T, to show that behavioral frequencies of the activities of consumer diary panelists may regress toward the population mean during the diary-keeping period given social desirability bias produced by the conditioning effect of keeping diaries. This effect is distinguished from regression toward the mean, a statistical phenomenon reflecting happenstance of extreme initial values. Social desirability bias is demonstrated in two ways—by observing decreasing coefficients of variation over time and by detecting a greater proportion of panelists' behavioral frequencies moving toward the population mean than moving away from it. Both cannot be explained by regression toward the mean. Social desirability bias was manifest only during the early stages of the diary-keeping period and only for activities high in involvement. The presence of social desirability bias in diary panels implies that, when people are subjected to observation, diary observations may be contaminated, leading to the mistaken impression that the population is more homogeneous than it actually is. Thus it is important for researchers to monitor the diary panel carefully to detect social desirability bias when engaged in longitudinal studies.
Acceptance Patterns of Retaliatory Aggression among Adjudicated Youth by Sex and Race
Authors: Haff Darlene Wright , Floyd H. Hugh , Shinn Lauren Keel
Published: September 2010

This study investigates sex and race differences in normative beliefs about the acceptability of aggression across dimensions of severity of provocation (weak versus strong) and sex of provoker (male versus female). Students in the sample of 311 included those required to attend three Department of Youth Services schools after placement by the juvenile court system from across the state of Alabama ( N = 392). Results show that males were significantly more likely than females to approve of retaliation to weak provocation and against females. There were no significant differences between males and females for retaliation with strong provocation and against males. Results also show the Black group was significantly more likely than the White group to approve of retaliation to weak provocation, strong provocation, and against females.
An Analysis of Linguistic Styles by Inferred Age in TV Dramas
Authors: Lee Chang H. , Park Jongmin , Seo Young Seok
Published: September 2010

A language analysis program, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), was successful in identifying various psychological variables. This study investigated the relationship between spoken language and age inferred from drama scripts of 162 characters, analyzed by the Korean-LIWC across 4 age categories (10–19, 20–39, 40–59, and 60–79 years). Analysis indicated that younger characters use fewer phrases, morphemes, nouns, auxiliary words, and adverbs than older characters, suggesting less cognitive development of younger characters. In addition, younger characters used less positive words for emotion and achievement than older characters. These data appear contrary to the negative stereotypes of aging people.
Survey Return Rates as a Function of Priority versus First-Class Mailing
Authors: Brems Christiane , Johnson Mark E. , Warner Teddy , Roberts Laura Weiss
Published: September 2010

Prior research indicates survey procedures that signal significance and individualized mailings have higher response rates. Thus, it was hypothesized that surveys delivered via Priority mail would result in higher return rates than surveys delivered via First-Class. 260 surveys were sent to individuals randomly selected from lists of licensed physical and behavioral healthcare providers in Alaska and New Mexico. Half of the selected individuals were assigned randomly to receive mailings using Priority mail, the other half received First-Class mailings. Return rate was 39% for First-Class and 35% for Priority. Z tests of proportion indicated no statistically significant differences between methods. Given increased costs with no resultant increase in response rate, sending surveys to potential participants via Priority mail does not appear warranted.
Comparability of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, the Taylor Complex Figure, and the Modified Taylor Complex Figure in a Normal Sample of Japanese Speakers
Authors: Yamashita Hikari
Published: September 2010

The comparability of recall performance was examined on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, the Taylor Complex Figure, and the Modified Taylor Complex Figure as measures of visuospatial abilities and visual memory in 66 healthy Japanese university students. A between-subjects design was used in which each of the participants received the three figures. The interrater reliability of each was excellent. While the three figures yielded equivalent copy scores, the Taylor Complex Figure produced significantly higher scores than the other two on both short (3-min.) and delayed (30-min.) recall tests. There were no significant differences between recall scores of the Rey-Osterrieth and the Modified Taylor figures. These results are consistent with the findings of the 2002 study of English-speakers by Hubley and Tremblay, and support that the Modified Taylor Figure is superior to the original one for the companion figure to the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure.
Personality Dispositions in the Prediction of Posttraumatic Stress Reactions
Authors: Aidman E. V. , Kollaras-Mitsinikos L.
Published: September 2010

The study examined the relationship of extraversion, neuroticism, and impulsiveness with posttraumatic stress reactions of avoidance and intrusion. 36 outpatients from a Trauma Unit at a major metropolitan hospital in Melbourne (Victoria), and 24 age-matched controls completed the Impact of Event Scale, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised, and the Impulsivity Questionnaire. Intrusion symptoms were predicted both by Extraversion and Neuroticism, after controlling for age and gender, with Neuroticism making a stronger contribution to the prediction. The only predictor of Avoidance symptoms was Neuroticism. Impulsivity correlated with Intrusion symptoms but predicted them only in the trauma group. This finding, along with the observed positive associations of Extroversion with both posttraumatic symptoms, lends support to Gray's model of dispositions influencing responses to trauma, suggesting that impulsive (extroverted) neurotics are more vulnerable to posttraumatic stress than introverted ones.
Development of a Social Interaction Questionnaire for the Trainers and Mothers of Children with Disabilities Participating in Dousa-Hou (Japanese Psycho-Rehabilitation) Camps
Authors: Kumar Surender , Kim Yong Seob , Oh Kun Seok
Published: September 2010

A 12-item Social Interaction Questionnaire was developed to measure the social interactions among trainers and mothers of children with disabilities in Dousa-hou camps. Dousa-hou is a Japanese psychological rehabilitation method which is widely used for children with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and autism in Japan and other Asian countries. The primary focus of the rehabilitation method is to improve bodily movements, posture, and social support to patients and their first-degree relatives as well as promoting social interaction among participants. Two factors of interaction, (1) educational and daily life matters and (2) health and care matters, emerged through factor analysis. Cronbach coefficient alpha of the questionnaire was .91. The back-translated version of the Social Interaction Questionnaire also yielded two factors and Cronbach coefficient alpha of .87. It was found that mothers or first degree relatives ( N = 138; M = 43.5 yr., SD = 12.3) of the patients reported more social interaction than trainers when interacting with their child's trainer, supervisor, other trainers, and other mothers during six-day Dousa-hou camps.
Testing Antecedents to Sales Performance in Postapartheid ERA: A Field Study
Authors: Barbuto John E. , Barbuto Liezel , De La Rey Piet , Boshoff Adre B. , Xu Ye
Published: September 2010

The predictors of objectively measured sales performance were assessed with 245 sales representatives from a large South African life insurance company. Sales representatives completed measures of their locus of control, entrepreneurial attitudes, biographical history, and performance was assessed from company records of sales, net commissions earned, and lapse ratios. The nature of employment contract, job status, and race explained significant differences in performance outcomes. The predictive nature of locus of control and entrepreneurial attitudes for performance outcomes was tested using structural equation modeling procedures, with limited validity. The implications for research and practice are also discussed.
Multi-phase biocomposite material in-situ fabricated by using hydroxyapatite and amorphous nanosilica
Authors: Hesaraki Saeed , Nazarian Hamid , Alizadeh Masoud
Published: September 2010

In the present study hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA/nanosilica (NS) slurries were separately prepared by adding precipitated HA to distilled water and to colloidal silica suspension, respectively and their rheological properties were compared to each other. Both slurries where then dried, powdered, compacted as disks and sintered at 1 100–1 300°C to evaluate and compare their physical, mechanical and some biological properties. The results showed that the HA/NS slurry was more stable and thixotropic than the pure HA slurry. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the sintered HA/NS was a multi-phase material composed of apatite, tricalcium phosphate, cristobalite and amorphous glass, depending on sintering temperature. Both mechanical and biological properties of the composite were considerably better than those of sintered HA. Bioactivity of the composite was confirmed by precipitation of apatite nanocrystals onto the surfaces of the sample after soaking in simulated body fluid. The results of cell culture tests showed the same proliferation rate of rat calvaria osteoblasts on both sintered HA and composite with higher alkaline phosphatase activity for the latter. The results indicated that the composite with improved mechanical and biological properties may act more successfully than HA as a bone scaffold material.
La coordination des services aux personnes âgées en France et au Québec : enjeux, expériences et champs de recherche traitant de leur évaluation
Authors: Raîche Michel , Hébert Réjean
Published: September 2010

Les services aux personnes âgées se sont fortement développés et spécialisés au cours des dernières décennies, mais avec un fractionnement marqué. En France comme au Québec, des expériences de coordination des services ont vu le jour afin d’améliorer la continuité de ces services. Cet article vise à faire ressortir les points communs et les différences qui émergent face aux constats et enjeux de la coordination des services, les différentes expériences de coordination passées et en cours, les équipes de recherche qui oeuvrent à évaluer ces expériences ainsi que les champs de recherche qu’elles ont explorés afin d’en évaluer l’implantation et l’impact sur les clientèles âgées. Enfin, nous soulèverons quelques points de discussion et quelques pistes sur lesquelles porteront les travaux futurs.
Un système de compensation plus équitable pour les personnes handicapées
Authors: Blais François , Gardner Daniel , Lareau André
Published: September 2010

Québec provides more than 300 assistance programs or measures to disabled persons, whether in the form of cash allowances or services. These programs, which were established over nearly half a century, provide unequal protection and access to assistance measures. Based on an exhaustive evaluation of existing programs, their origin and their actual effectiveness, the authors suggest that a more equitable compensation system be established for disabled persons. This new system requires that current assistance programs be simplified and merged, in particular as regards cash allowances. By carefully distinguishing between the principle of third party liability insurance and that of social solidarity, the authors put forward proposals which reduce the current irritants while respecting the state’s capacity to pay.
Traitement social des déficiences et expérience du handicap en France
Authors: Ville Isabelle
Published: September 2010

L’article brosse un panorama des évolutions récentes du traitement social des déficiences en France. La première partie retrace les étapes qui ont marqué le dernier siècle, avec l’émergence de la réadaptation et l’institutionnalisation des personnes handicapées puis la contestation de ce modèle à partir des années 70. En s’appuyant sur des travaux de recherches réalisées en France, la seconde partie illustre en quoi les modalités du traitement social des déficiences s’ancrent dans des représentations culturelles du handicap largement partagées, y compris par les personnes handicapées elles-mêmes. Enfin, la dernière partie questionne une nouvelle forme de traitement social, parfois qualifiée de «prévention des handicaps à la naissance», liée aux avancées biotechnologiques dans le domaine du suivi des grossesses.
Les politiques d’égalité professionnelle des entreprises pour l’accès des femmes aux postes de décision économique : espoirs et progrès, au Québec et au Canada
Authors: Lee-Gosselin Hélène
Published: September 2010

Le Québec a tout d’abord adopté une approche volontaire en matière d’égalité en emploi, puis des contraintes ont progressivement été ajoutées pour forcer les changements qui tardaient à s’opérer. Le présent article relate l’évolution du cadre institutionnel et illustre, à partir de certaines statistiques, les progrès inégaux réalisés par les femmes. Nous montrerons que les contraintes légales constituent de réels stimulants en ce qui concerne l’implantation de programmes visant l’équité en emploi pour les femmes, les mesures obligatoires semblant avoir plus d’effet que les déclarations ou les engagements volontaires des organisations à l’égard de l’équité. Nous soutenons l’idée que la force des représentations stéréotypées et celle des habitudes de comportement ne peuvent être contrées que par un levier tel qu’une obligation légale. L’identification des conditions requises pour favoriser les changements souhaités doit être poursuivie si l’on veut atteindre une réelle égalité dans les milieux de travail.
Le système de protection au Québec : l’organisation des services en soutien aux enfants en difficulté et à leur famille
Authors: Demers Luc
Published: September 2010

Au Québec, les services de protection des enfants victimes ou à risque de maltraitance sont balisés par les dispositions de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse (LPJ). Cette loi spécifique précise les droits, les principes et le rôle de chaque instance ou intervenant du processus d’intervention prévu pour garantir la protection des enfants. L’article qui suit décrit les dispositifs découlant des dispositions de la LPJ et l’articulation des services entre les établissements et les organismes chargés de venir en aide aux enfants et aux familles vulnérables.
Familles et dispositifs de protection de l’enfance, des relations marquées par les contextes nationaux : mise en perspective France-Québec
Authors: Grevot Alain , Lacharité Carl
Published: September 2010

Cet article met en relief la pertinence de tenir compte des paradigmes qui structurent les catégories de pensée sur lesquelles se fondent les dispositifs de protection de l’enfance en France et au Québec. Il propose de considérer deux éléments dans la comparaison des réalités des deux contextes nationaux: les modèles de démocratie et les modes opérationnels de réponse sociale. Le modèle de démocratie républicain accorde à l’État une place très différente dans la vie privée des individus et dans l’organisation de l’espace public comparativement au modèle nord-américain. Sur le plan des modes opérationnels, les rapports entre les producteurs de connaissances et les utilisateurs de celles-ci sont fort différents dans les deux pays, notamment en ce qui a trait à la proximité de ces deux groupes au Québec. Finalement, les référents théoriques privilégiés – la perspective psychanalytique en France et la perspective écosystémique au Québec – conditionnent profondément les conceptions de l’enfant et de son développement, des parents et de leurs responsabilités, et du rapport entre la famille et les institutions sociales.
La gestión de los espacios y recursos costeros en España: Política e instituciones de una legislatura (2004-2008)
Authors: Barragán Muñoz Juan Manuel
Published: September 2010

El artículo estudia la gestión costera del gobierno de España a lo largo de una legislatura (2004-2008). Este ejercicio se interpreta como análisis de una política pública específica. Los avances constatados en el modelo de gestión se evalúan a través de diez temas clave relacionados con la Dirección General de Costas del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Los resultados permiten varias afirmaciones: 1) La situación de la gestión costera en España todavía dista mucho de ser integrada. 2) Surgen interesantes iniciativas de cambio en el modelo tradicional de gestión costera. 3) Estas iniciativas han tenido bajo impacto en la gestión real por diferentes causas (ausencia de política de amplia perspectiva, aplicación muy lenta, dificultades de relación entre el sistema de gobierno y el ámbito de gestión). 4) El modelo de gestión tendrá grandes obstáculos para mejorar mientras no se progrese en varios de los temas clave estudiados (política, coordinación, instituciones, estrategia, administradores, participación, etc.).

[fr] L’article étudie la gestion côtière du gouvernement espagnol sur une législature (2004- 2008). Cet exercice s’interprète comme l’analyse d’une politique publique spécifique. Les avancées constatées dans le modèle de gestion sont évaluées à travers dix thèmes clés en relation avec la Direction Générale des Côtes du Ministère de l’Environnement. Les résultats autorisent plusieurs affirmations: 1) La situation de la gestion côtière en Espagne est encore loin d’être intégrée. 2) D’intéressantes initiatives de changement dans le modèle traditionnel de gestion côtière apparaissent. 3) Ces initiatives ont eu un faible impact sur la gestion réelle pour différentes raisons (absence de politique d’envergure, application très lente, difficultés de relation entre la gouvernance et le cadre de gestion). 4) L’amélioration du modèle de gestion devra faire face à d’importants obstacles tant qu’il n’y aura pas de progression significative dans plusieurs des thèmes clé étudiés (politique, coordination, institutions, stratégies, administrateurs, participation, etc.).
Patrimonio territorial y desarrollo sostenible: un estudio comparativo en Iberoamérica y España
Authors: Feria Toribio José Mª
Published: September 2010

El artículo plantea explorar, a través del análisis comparativo de cinco ámbitos de estudio en Iberoamerica y España, las relaciones entre patrimonio territorial y desarrollo sostenible. Para cubrir dicho objetivo, es necesario profundizar en las bases conceptuales y metodológicas que implican ambas nociones y, a partir de ellas, realizar un trabajo de sistematización empírica que permita reconocer y evaluar, sobre patrones comunes, las características del patrimonio territorial y su relación con el desarrollo sostenible en cada uno de los ámbitos.
Las conclusiones derivadas del análisis son ambivalentes, ya que a la demostrada riqueza del patrimonio territorial en todos los ámbitos analizados y a su mejor situación relativa en cuanto a desarrollo socioeconómico, se une una desequilibrada explotación de los recursos territoriales y una escasa atención a las cuestiones de sostenibilidad ambiental.

[fr] Cet article propose d’analyser, à travers de l’analyse comparative de cinq domaines d’étude en L’Amérique Latine et en L’Espagne, les relations entre le patrimoine territoriel et le développement durable. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est nécessaire d’approfondir dans les bases conceptuelles et méthodologiques qui impliquent les deux concepts et, à partir d’elles, effectuer un travail de systématisation empirique qu’il permet de reconnaître et d’évaluer, sur les patrons communs, les caractéristiques du patrimoine territoriel et sa relation avec le développement durable dans chacun des domaines.
Les conclusions dérivées de l’analyse sont ambivalents, puisqu’à la richesse démontrée du patrimoine territoriel dans tous les domaines analysés et à sa meilleure situation relative quant à développement socio-économique, on ajoute une exploitation déséquilibrée des ressources territoriales et une faible attention aux questions de soutenibilitè environnemental.
The Relationship between Physical Activity and Bone during Adolescence Differs according to Sex and Biological Maturity
Authors: Weeks Benjamin K. , Beck Belinda R.
Published: September 2010

This study examines the relationships between bone mass, physical activity, and maturational status in healthy adolescent boys and girls.Methods. Ninety-nine early high-school (Year 9) students were recruited. Physical activity and other lifestyle habits were recorded via questionnaire. Anthropometrics, muscle power, calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), bone mineral content (BMC), and lean tissue mass were measured. Maturity was determined by Tanner stage and estimated age of peak height velocity (APHV).Results. Boys had greater APHV, weight, height, muscle power, and dietary calcium than girls (). Boys exhibited greater femoral neck BMC and trochanteric BMC while girls had higher BUA and spine BMAD (). Physical activity and vertical jump predicted BMAD and BUA most strongly for boys whereas years from APHV were the strongest predictor for girls.Conclusion. Sex-specific relationships exist between physical activity, maturity and bone mass during adolescence.
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Treatment in Polymicrobial Sepsis: Molecular Insights
Authors: Hegde Akhil , Koh Yung-Hua , Moochhala Shabbir M. , Bhatia Madhav
Published: September 2010

Neurokinin-1 receptor blocking has been shown to be beneficial against lung injury in polymicrobial sepsis. In this paper, we evaluated the possible mediators and the mechanism involved. Mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP-) induced sepsis or sham surgery. Vehicle or SR140333 [1 mg/kg; subcutaneous (s.c.)] was administered to septic mice either 30 min before or 1 h after the surgery. Lung tissue was collected 8 h after surgery and further analyzed. CLP alone caused a significant increase in the activation of the transcription factors, protein kinase C-α, extracellular signal regulated kinases, neurokinin receptors, and substance P levels in lung when compared to sham-operated mice. SR140333 injected pre- and post surgery significantly attenuated the activation of transcription factors and protein kinase C-αand the plasma levels of substance P compared to CLP-operated mice injected with the vehicle. In addition, GR159897 (0.12 mg/kg; s.c.), a neurokinin-2 receptor antagonist, failed to show beneficial effects. We conclude that substance P acting via neurokinin-1 receptor in sepsis initiated signaling cascade mediated mainly by protein kinase C-α,led to NF-κB and activator protein-1 activation, and further modulated proinflammatory mediators.
Improvement of Physiological Characteristic of Selenium-Enriched Candida utilis with Amino Acids Addition
Authors: Xiaoguang Ge , Dahui Wang , Gongyuan Wei , Min Nie , Na Shao
Published: September 2010

The effects of amino acids addition on cell growth, glutathione biosynthesis, glutathione distribution, and the intracellular oxidation-reduction environment of Candida utilis SZU 07-01 during selenium enrichment were investigated in this study. Most amino acids under appropriate concentrations have positive effects on cell growth of the yeast strain, except for phenylalanine and proline, compared with the control without amino acid addition. The bioconversion of selenite to organic selenium induced the reduction of glutathione synthesis and intracellular distribution of glutathione. However, amino acids including cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, and tyrosine could effectively promote the selenium-enriched yeast to elevate glutathione production, especially increasing the intracellular glutathione content. Moreover, addition of these six different amino acids apparently decreased malondialdehyde concentration and recovered the normal intracellular redox environment of the selenium-enriched C. utilis SZU 07-01. The improvement of physiological characteristic of the selenium-enriched yeast by increasing intracellular glutathione content and lowering malondialdehyde content will undoubtedly help to widen application of selenium-enriched yeast as food or feed additives.
Early Detection of Brain Pathology Suggestive of Early AD Using Objective Evaluation of FDG‐PET Scans
Authors: Patterson James C. , Lilien David L. , Takalkar Amol , Pinkston James B.
Published: September 2010

The need for early detection of AD becomes critical as disease‐modifying agents near the marketplace. Here, we present results from a study focused on improvement in detection of metabolic deficits related to neurodegenerative changes consistent with possible early AD with statistical evaluation of FDG‐PET brain images. We followed 31 subjects at high risk or diagnosed with MCI/AD for 3 years. 15 met criteria for diagnosis of MCI, and five met criteria for AD. FDG‐PET scans were completed at initiation and termination of the study. PET scans were read clinically and also evaluated objectively using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). Using standard clinical evaluation of the FDG‐PET scans, 11 subjects were detected, while 18 were detected using SPM evaluation. These preliminary results indicate that objective analyses may improve detection; however, early detection in at‐risk normal subjects remains tentative. Several FDA‐approved software packages are available that use objective analyses, thus the capacity exists for wider use of this method for MCI/AD.
Study on the layered dusty plasma structures in the summer polar mesopause
Authors:   Hui Li,   Jian Wu,   Jun Wu,   Zheng-Wen Xu,   Bin Xu
Published: September 2010

Abstract. Traditional hydrodynamic equations are adopted to build a one-dimensional theoretical model to study the effect of gravity wave on layered dusty plasma structures formation and evolution near the polar summer mesospause region associated with polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). The proposed mechanism gives consideration to the charged ice particle motion by the gravity wave modulation, making a significant contribution to the vertical transport of heavy ice particles and convergence into thin layers. And numerical results show that the pattern of the multi-layer structure depends on the ration of the initial ice particles density distribution to the vertical wavelength of the gravity waves, the ice particle size and the wind velocity caused by gravity wave. Also, the variation of ion density distribution under the influence of gravity wave has also been examined. Finally, the electron density depletions (bite-outs) layers has been simulated according to the charge conservation laws, and the results are compared to the ECT02 rocket sounding data, which agree well with the measuring.
Interval observer design based on nonlinear hybridization and practical stability analysis
Authors: Meslem N. , Ramdani N.
Published: September 2010

In this paper we design an interval observer for nonlinear uncertain continuous‐time dynamical systems, in the unknown‐but‐bounded error framework. We show how to generate two coupled hybrid observers, which yield the best conservative upper and lower component‐wise bounds for the state, provided bounds are available for initial conditions and uncertainties. The interval observer depends on a tuning gain, which is chosen to satisfy the practical stability of a given hybrid dynamical system. An example is studied to emphasize the performance of our method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.