bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Não basta exibir, tem que questionar: a história do eletromagnetismo em vídeo numa abordagem investigativa
Authors: Vicente Samira Arruda , Silva Ana Paula Bispo da
Published: September 2023

Neste trabalho, apresentamos o relato de uma experiência docente com estudantes do Ensino Médio regular da rede privada de ensino. Neste sentido, o material desenvolvido e aplicado teve como objetivo contribuir para o ensino do eletromagnetismo a partir de uma abordagem histórica, com o uso do recurso audiovisual. Para isso, desenvolveu-se uma sequência de ensino de caráter histórico-investigativa e, através de um vídeo com informações visuais, teóricas e conceituais sobre o estudo histórico “Oersted e o eletromagnetismo”, trabalhamos o conteúdo de eletromagnetismo em uma turma da 3ª série do Ensino Médio regular e presencial. As interações didáticas ocorreram de forma visual, teórica e experimental. Concluindo, verificamos que o material audiovisual pode contribuir como facilitador nas intencionalidades propostas pela abordagem da história da ciência (HC) e pelos projetos educacionais.
Examining the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Resources: Urgent Need in Higher Education of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Mamung Millo
Published: September 2023

Information and communication technology (ICT) has become increasingly important in the field of education as a result of a paradigm change in India from the conventional face-to-face teaching-learning process to a technologically oriented education system. Investigating the state of information and communication technology resources in Arunachal Pradesh's higher education institutions was the primary goal of this study. The quantitative approach to educational research was used in this study, and initial data were gathered via a telephone interview with a pre-made questionnaire to evaluate the ICT resources. The current study's findings focused on the availability and non-availability of ICT resources, including computers, newspapers, magazines, projectors, whiteboards, wireless fidelity, smart boards, e-books, audio-visual aids, television, the internet, etc. in higher education institutions.
Difficulties in maintaining small horse breed populations, possible ways of decreasing the growth rate of inbreeding
Authors: MIHÓK Sándor
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, the need for the survival and preservation of endangered breeds, including strains, genealogical lines, female families, has gained social acceptance. The primary objective within breeding conversation is to prevent genetic loss of the breed and to maintain genetic and phenotypic diversity. In simple terms: to avoid inbreeding. One of the conditions for the long-term maintenance of small breeds is to increase the population. The protection of mare families and genealogical lines is also an extremely important professional starting point. . The possibility of extending the persistence of the breed over time is helped by increasing the generation interval. In the case of endangered breeds, it is usually justified to deviate from the species-specific sex ratio when maintaining the breed, because a narrow sex ratio is beneficial for maintaining genetic diversity.
Maternal diversity of the Yellow-faced sheep of Kecskemét based on the mtDNA control region
Authors: TULLY Eilish , HARMAT Levente , MARÓTI-AGÓTS Ákos , ZENKE Petra , KOVÁCS Endre , GÁSPÁRDY András
Published: September 2023

Regarding the Yellow-faced sheep of Kecskemét or Sand-sheep, known as a variant of Yellow-faced Berke sheep, very little research has been undertaken to date and the small population, which is mainly found in the southern region of Hungary, is at risk of extinction. In this study blood samples from Yellow-faced sheep of Kecskemét were selected for Control Region (CR) sequencing and subsequent analysis. These were compared with CR data available from GenBank resources and other indigenous Hungarian breeds in order to compare and contrast the differences and similarities between these. A total of 40 individuals from 2 flocks in the South of Hungary were sampled in 2020. Investigations were performed based on the total number of sites (1174 bps) of the CR. It was revealed that the relative genetic diversity within the Yellow-faced sheep of Kecskemét (haplotype and nucleotide diversity 0.950 and 0.01635, respectively), in comparison to other indigenous breeds, albeit from a limited population, cannot be deemed a narrow genetic pool. The values of the Tajima D test, Fu’s Fs statistic, Fu & Li’s D*- and F* tests were found to be non-significant (in each case P > 0.10). Statistical evaluation does not indicate a lack of alleles. This study demonstrated three haplogroups within the Yellow-faced sheep of Kecskemét population – A, B and C. Haplogroup B was the most prevalent, which is typical for European sheep breeds, given an understanding about their arrival into Europe from the Near East. This is comparative to other Hungarian breeds, such as the Cikta and Polled Racka, and also similar to the native breeds of neighbouring countries. Regarding Haplogroup A, which was found to a minor frequency, being lower than that found in the Cikta or Polled Racka, but to a greater extent than Tsigai. To date, haplogroup C, which is typically demonstrated in sheep from Central Asia, had only been discovered in one native Hungarian breed: the Cikta, however its presence was also discovered in the Sand-sheep. The examination of the haplogroups seems to confirm the fact that the sheep came to Hungary not only from Asia Minor, but also from the interior of Asia in the past, and the mitochondrial genetic information of these latter animals maintained in some representatives of today's breeds, surviving the effects of crossbreeding and selection.
Continuance Intention to Iclass E-learning for Film Institute Undergraduates at Sichuan University of Media and Communications
Authors: Wang Jing , Phongsatha Satha
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: This article's goal was to look at the most vital components that fundamentally ripple through initial degree film institute graduates at Sichuan University of Media and Communications in the Sichuan region of China who are majoring in one of four film-related fields. Perceived Usefulness (PU), Confirmation (CON), Information Quality (IQ), System Quality (SYQ), Service Quality (SEQ), Satisfaction (SAT), and Continuance Intention (CI) were all scanned into to see especially when those ideas drove learners receiving Iclass via the internet in terms of theoretical structure.
Materials and Methods: The questionnaire was given to the allocated undergraduates in the four target majors using the quantitative survey approach with 458 samples. Materials from the research were gathered in this poll implementing a simultaneous method of collection that included judgmental and quota samples. Methods for analysis of data such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) are currently used.
Results: The findings from data analysis confirmed all of the predictions, with interpersonal factors showing to have the strongest and most immediate impact on overall Information Quality (IQ).
Conclusion: The leadership and educational employees coming from the Sichuan University of Media and Communications in China's Sichuan province ought to highlight the latent variables that have had an enormous impact on continuance intention (CI) for the Iclass e-learning and create the tightly linked request modify by what they discover of this quantitative investigation in order during younger learners to recognize the superiority of Iclass receiving instruction via the internet.
Examining the Influence of Stress on Speech
Authors: Ngoc Bao Han Pham
Published: September 2023

This article explores English suprasegmental features, specifically stress placement and pronunciation in both single and compound words, using Roach's (2009) framework. Stress is crucial for conveying meaning in spoken language. Challenges faced by English learners, such as accurate stress, intonation, and pronunciation, are discussed. The article delves into stress placement in single words, illustrating its role in differentiating similar-sounding words and conveying nuances in questions, commands, and exclamations. It also covers stress hierarchy, including primary stress, secondary stress, and unstressed syllables. Complex words, involving affixes and compounds, are examined. Affixes' impact on stress in root words is discussed, as is the varied stress in compound words. In summary, mastering stress and pronunciation is vital for effective English communication. This article provides insights into stress principles, aiding learners and educators. Roach's (2009) research informs this critical aspect of language acquisition.
BÖLGESEL SANAYİ KÜMELENME POTANSİYELİNİN BELİRLENMESİNDE ÇEVRİM İÇİ ANALİTİK İŞLEME (OLAP) ARAÇLARININ KULLANILMASI
Authors: TOPRAK Abdullah , ÇETİNYOKUŞ Tahsin
Published: September 2023

Bölgesel sanayi kümelenmeleri, bölgesel rekabet edebilirlik bakımından sağladığı avantajlar nedeniyle politika yapıcılar tarafından önemli bir politika aracı olarak görülmektedir. Araştırmacılar tarafından bir bölgede bir sektörde kümelenme potansiyelinin varlığının tespit edilebilmesi için üç yıldız analizi ve yerellik katsayısı gibi nicel analiz yöntemlerinin sıklıkla kullanılan yöntemler olarak öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu yöntemlerin kullanılmasında veriye erişilmesi, parametre değişiklikleri ve yeni yöntemler sürece dahil edilmek istendiğinde sürecin emek yoğun olması, yöntemde kullanılan verilerin doğrulanması, analiz sonuçlarının hızlı raporlaması ve verilerin çok boyutlu analizi darboğaz oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile öncelikle Türkiye imalat sanayisinin 2015-2019 yılları arasında il bazlı ciro, istihdam sayısı, firma sayısı gibi verileri çerçevesinde veri ambarı yapısı ve Çevrimiçi Analitik İşleme (OLAP) Küpü oluşturulmuştur. Bölgesel sanayi kümelenme potansiyelinin tespit edilmesinde üç yıldız analizi, yerellik katsayısı ve benzeri yöntemlerin uygulanması veri ambarları hazır araçlarında mümkün olmadığından Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) dili kullanılarak uygulama geliştirilmiştir. Böylece, veri ambarı ve özellikle OLAP araçlarının bir avantajı olan çok boyutlu raporlara hızlı ve doğru erişme imkânı, bölgesel sanayi kümelenmelerinin tespitinde de kullanılmış olmaktadır. Bölgesel sanayi kümelenme potansiyelinin tespitinde OLAP araçlarının kullanılmasının, veri setine uygun olarak hızlı, sınırsız sayıda, hiyerarşik yapıda, standart formatta ve dönemsel olarak karşılaştırılabilir sonuçlar vermesiyle darboğazların aşılmasında çarpıcı şekilde yararlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The Rathdowney Trend, Ireland: Geological evolution and controls on Zn-Pb mineralization
Authors:   iCRAG, the SFI Research Centre in Applied Geosciences – School of Earth Sciences,  University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, Guven John , Torremans Koen , Johnston Sean , Hitzman Murray W.
Published: September 2023

The Rathdowney Trend in south-central Ireland, is a NE-SW trend of fault-controlled Zn-Pb deposits that includes the Galmoy and Lisheen orebodies. The deposits are broadly stratabound and flat-lying occurring at or near the base of the Waulsortian Limestone Formation - a 200m thick massive biomicrite that is regionally dolomitised. The ore is largely developed by replacement of a dark, hydrothermal dolomite and dolomitic breccia - the black matrix breccia that is intimately associated with the mineralization event. Faulting exerts a major control on the ore thickness and distribution. The largest structures provided conduits for hot, metal-bearing fluids from basement to enter the Waulsortian at discrete feeder zones. Metal distribution patterns indicate that fluids progressed northwards from these feeder zones, facilitated by a network of small-displacement, low-angle extensional structures developed at the base Waulsortian contact with the underlying Ballysteen Formation. Significant dissolution of carbonate by hydrothermal fluids was important in developing conduits and promoting fluid flow. Fluid inclusion and isotope studies indicate that mineralization resulted from the mixing of hot, metal-bearing fluids with colder, saline fluids bearing sulphur derived from the bacteriogenic reduction of Carboniferous seawater sulphate. Mineralization developed during growth of the fault systems associated with basin development. Hydrothermal activity initiated shortly after rifting commenced during mid to late-Waulsortian sedimentation.
Where are the women in major projects leadership?
Authors: Pritchard Sue , Miles Emily
Published: September 2023

This report asks where the women are in major project leadership and examines the success of gender balance initiatives that are being adopted across the sector. The aim for this research was to bring together different schools of thought on the topic of gender and leadership, applying it to the context of project management and megaproject leadership in the UK. The report reviews the status gender balance in UK megaprojects and brings in ideas from sociology, psychology, gender theory and leadership models. In doing so, the authors present the argument for adopting a different approach to gender balance that goes beyond fixing the numbers. They argue that gender balance should be part of the organisation’s corporate social responsibility, as UK major projects have a remit to improve societal transformation. Gender balance initiatives should do more than ‘fix women’ for leadership roles, but also work to assess and revise workplace culture.
Biološke osnove zdravljenja z ionizirajočim sevanjem
Authors: Mravljak Sašo , Hudler Petra , Grošelj Blaž
Published: September 2023

Ionizirajoče sevanje se uporablja za zdravljenje raka. Temelji na glavnem učinku ionizirajočega sevanja, poškodbi molekule DNA in posledičnem odmrtju obsevane celice. Poleg poškodb DNA povzroča tudi druge znotrajcelične poškodbe makromolekul. Glavna razlika med zdravim in rakastim tkivom je boljša sposobnost zdravih celic v popravljanju znotrajceličnih poškodb. Obsevanje se izvaja v dnevnih odmerkih – frakcijah, kar omogoči zdravemu tkivu, da lahko sproti in učinkoviteje kot rakasto popravlja nastale znotrajcelične poškodbe. V prispevku bomo predstavili različne učinke ionizirajočega sevanja na celico. Predstavljeni bodo glavni biološki mehanizmi, ki jih zdrava celica uporabi, da je zdravljenje z ionizirajočim sevanjem učinkovito.
Stereotaktična radioterapija telesa za zdravljenje refraktarne prekatne tahikardije
Authors: Jarm Tamara , Antolič Bor , Ratoša Ivica
Published: September 2023

Stereotaktična radioterapija telesa je radioterapevtska metoda, ki omogoča natančno izsevanje visokega obsevalnega odmerka v nizkem številu frakcij na majhno prostornino tarčnega tkiva, ob čemer je prizadetost okolnega tkiva čim manjša. V zadnjih letih se stereotaktična radioterapija preizkuša kot metoda neinvazivnega zdravljenja življenjsko nevarnih aritmij, neodzivnih na uveljavljene načine zdravljenja (refraktarnih), kar imenujemo stereotaktična radioterapija aritmij (angl. stereotactic arrythmia radioablation, STAR). STAR predstavlja obetavno možnost zdravljenja bolnikov s prekatno tahikardijo, ki so že izčrpali vse običajne možnosti zdravljenja (antiaritmična zdravila in katetrska ablacija) in pri katerih zaradi ponavljajočih se prekatnih tahikardij prihaja do pogostega proženja vsaditvenega kardioverter defibrilatorja. STAR je bila do sedaj preizkušena le v določenih medicinskih ustanovah po svetu, med drugim tudi na Onkološkem inštitutu Ljubljana. V prispevku opisujemo postopek določanja aritmogenega tarčnega tkiva in same radioterapije ter učinek ionizacije na miokardno tkivo. Poleg tega so v članku povzeti podatki iz obstoječe literature o uporabi STAR, povzemamo prednosti in pomanjkljivosti metode ter usmeritve za prihodnje raziskovanje.
Kombinirano zdravljenje z radioterapijo in sistemsko terapijo
Authors: Marinko Tanja
Published: September 2023

Radioterapija in sistemska terapija sta skupaj s kirurgijo osnovna načina zdravljenja v onkologiji. Največkrat ju uporabljamo zaporedno, lahko pa ju kombiniramo in s sočasnim zdravljenjem dosežemo boljši učinek na tumor, kot bi ga dosegli, če bi zdravili zaporedno. Pri kombiniranem zdravljenju so toksični učinki lahko izrazitejši, kar je najpogostejša ovira za sočasno zdravljenje. Sistemsko terapijo delimo na kemoterapijo, imunoterapijo in tarčno terapijo. Najstarejša in najbolj raziskana je kombinacija radioterapije in kemoterapije. Kemoterapevtik, ki izboljša citotoksični učinek radioterapije, imenujemo radiosenzibilizator. Radiosenzibilizacija tumorskih celic omogoča boljšo lokalno kontrolo tumorja in posledično boljši izid zdravljenja. Radiokemoterapijo v klinični praksi pogosto uporabljamo za zdravljenje lokalno napredovalih solidnih tumorjev. Radioterapijo kombiniramo tudi z imunoterapijo, saj obsevanje okrepi imunski odgovor organizma. Pri kombiniranju tarčne terapije in radioterapije je potrebna previdnost, saj lahko prepleteni mehanizmi obeh zdravljenj zelo povečajo skupno toksičnost zdravljenja. V trenutnih raziskavah največji izziv in obet za prihodnost predstavlja kombinacija radioterapije in imunoterapije.
Instructional Design for Optimizing Biochemical Chemistry Education Using Basic Medical Knowledge
Authors: Lai Yanjun
Published: September 2023

Biochemical chemistry, as one of the core courses in medical education, involves the structure, function, metabolism, and other key contents of human biomolecules, which is of great significance in cultivating students' scientific literacy and clinical practice ability. However, the traditional teaching of biochemical chemistry is often based on independent chemical concepts and lacks organic integration with basic medical knowledge, leading to a decline in students' interest in learning and poor learning results. Therefore, there is an urgent need to optimize the teaching design of biochemical chemistry using basic medical knowledge to provide students with a more in-depth learning experience and lay a solid foundation for future medical practice. The article discusses the application of basic medical knowledge in biochemical chemistry education from the aspects of anatomy, physiology, and pathology, and proposes three teaching design strategies, namely, case study, modularized learning, and experimental learning.
A Study of Early Childhood Teachers' Professional Development and Teaching Effectiveness Enhancement from the Perspective of Educational Psychology
Authors: Wang Xinxin
Published: September 2023

Early childhood teachers are the backbone of preschool education, and they play a crucial role in young children's learning and development. However, faced with increasingly complex educational environments and the diverse learning needs of young children, early childhood teachers need to continuously update and develop their professional knowledge and skills to provide the best quality education. In this process, educational psychology provides guidance and support for early childhood teachers through the study of learning, development, and knowledge of psychological processes and environmental factors. Based on the perspective of educational psychology, the article synthesizes the research on professional development and teaching efficacy enhancement of early childhood teachers, to provide some useful references and insights for practitioners in related fields.
Research on the Strategy and Effect of Integrating Ideological and Political Education into College English Course in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Gao Song
Published: September 2023

In today's globalized and rapidly changing social background, higher vocational education plays an increasingly important role. As an important part of cultivating students' comprehensive quality and international competitiveness, college English course in higher vocational colleges can help students better understand and cope with social challenges, enhance their critical thinking ability, critical thinking and moral awareness, and cultivate talents with global vision and social responsibility. This paper discusses the strategies and effects of integrating ideological and political education into college English courses in higher vocational colleges. In view of the college English course in higher vocational colleges, this paper puts forward the strategies of integrating teaching material selection and design, theme discussion and debate, projects and research tasks, audio-visual materials and multimedia resources into ideological and political education. The implementation of these strategies will effectively cultivate students' ideological and political awareness and accomplishment, enhance their critical thinking and analytical ability, and promote the shaping of values and moral development.
Innovation and Practice of Formative Evaluation of Courses Based on Student Teams Achievement Division Method
Authors: Fan Zhengwei
Published: September 2023

Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a form of educational organization designed by Professor Slavin of Johnson University in the United States based on the theory of learning motivation. (Slavin, 2011) It is an effective teaching method that has been experimentally validated. It is especially suitable for students with large basic differences and difficult course teaching. (Zhou, 2019) (Khan)This paper takes the "Troubleshooting and Troubleshooting" course of our school as an example and adopts STAD to make bold reforms to the formative examination mode of the course, which has obtained certain results.
Research on Synergistic Innovation Path of Civic and Political Education and Student Management in Colleges and Universities in the New Era
Authors: Li Han
Published: September 2023

Civic and political education and student management are the core components of higher education, which provide students with the foundation of morality, ethics, and civic responsibility. However, Civic and political education and student management in the new era have undergone profound changes. Civic and political education is no longer only "moral education" in the traditional sense, but also pays more attention to cultivating students' critical thinking, innovative spirit and sense of social responsibility, and student management has experienced a change from traditional "management" to "service". Student management has also undergone a transformation from traditional "management" to "service" and "guidance". This paper will focus on the connotation, concept, and synergistic innovation path of these two fields, aiming to explore how to carry out efficient and targeted civic education and student management under the new historical conditions.
ग्रामीण सामाजिक संरचना में अनुसूचित जातियों की सामाजिक प्रस्थिति एवं उत्तरदायित्व
Authors: त्रिपाठी योगेन्द्र प्रसाद , कुमारी* मीना
Published: September 2023

भारतीय सामाजिक व्यवस्था में जहाँ चारों वर्णों की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण थी, किन्तु सबसे निम्न वर्ण अपनी सामाजिक भूमिका के निवर्हन के कारण ही समाज में अछूत समझा जाता था। शिक्षा से वंचित होकर वह स्वयं ही पशुवत जीवन निवर्हन करता रहा, संविधान निर्माताओं द्वारा उनकी पीड़ा उन पर सामाजिक धार्मिक अत्याचार का संज्ञान लेते हुए ही उन्हें समाज में समानता, एवं शिक्षा का अधिकार प्रदान किया जिससे आगे आने वाली उनकी पीढ़ी समाज में बराबरी का स्थान प्राप्त कर सकें। संविधान द्वारा तो समाज के निम्न, कमजोर वर्ग हेतु अनेकानेक प्रावधान किये है, किन्तु इन प्रावधानों के बावजूद सख्त कानून यथा-अनुसूचित जाति/जनजाति अत्याचार अधिनियम 1989 को लागू करना पड़ा। क्योकि संविधान ने तो सारे अधिकार प्रदान कर दिये, लेकिन समाज उन्हें अभी वह अधिकार नहीं प्रदान करना चाहता है। इसीलिए अनुसूचित जातियों/जनजातियों पर अत्याचार की धटनाऐं निरन्तर सुनाई पड़ती है।
सनातन संस्कृति में पर्यावरणीय चेतना
Authors: सिंह सीमा , यादव* मोहित
Published: September 2023

कर्मकाण्ड प्रधान ब्राह्मण ग्रन्थों में मुख्यतः यज्ञों का निरूपण और इनकी अनुष्ठान् विधियों का वर्णन है। शतपथ ब्राह्मण (1/7/1/5) में यज्ञ को प्रजापति और प्रजापति को ब्रह्म कहा गया है। इससे स्पष्ट होता है कि यज्ञ और ब्रह्म दोनों एक हैं अर्थात् ब्रह्म के प्रतिपादक ग्रन्थ होने के कारण ही उन्हें ब्राह्मण नाम दिया गया है।
An Expatriate’s perspective of India: A study of India- A Wounded Civilization
Authors: Mishra Shangrila
Published: September 2023

Expatriate writing, born out of a paradox between movement and resettlement, a sense of belongingness and alienation, has come to occupy a significant position between cultures and countries. It provides fresh perspectives and raises new theoretical formulations. In the process of trying to understand, or rather unravel, it constructs new identities since such creative expressions involve redefining positions and renegotiating boundaries of the emotional and psychological space one can relate to or which one considers his very own.  Cultures travel within the psychological realm with the writers living abroad as they shuttle between the physical and psychological paradigms of two different nations. Cultural theories today are being rewritten by such writers who occupy the “in between’ position living on the peripherals of two cultures.
पर्यावरण, परिस्थितिकीय एवं वर्तमान स्वरूप
Authors: DWIVEDI BHARTI
Published: September 2023

युग परिवर्तन सत्त प्रक्रिया है। ‘‘कलयुग‘‘ भी अवश्यंभावी था, परन्तु ‘‘कल‘‘ की क्षुधाग्नि इतनी विनाशकारक होगी कि जो प्राकृतिक तादात्म्य एवं संतुलन के 5,000 वर्षों से सुव्यवस्थित, स्वनियमन को नष्ट कर मात्र एक शताब्दी से भी कम समय में छिन्न-विछिन्न कर देगी, सम्भवतः मानव जगत् ने भी यह आशा न की होगी। जब पक्षियों को चहचहाना बन्द हुआ तो पाश्चात्य चिंतन की निद्रा भंग हुयी तथा जिस तीव्रता से औद्योगिक विकास का चरम प्राप्त किया था वही गति ‘‘पर्यावरणवादी आन्दोलनों‘‘ में भी दृष्टिगत होने लगी। ‘‘म्हूमन सेंटरड‘‘ या ‘‘एंथ्रोप्रोसेंट्रिक‘‘ या उथला पारिस्थितिकी जैसे मनुष्य की प्रकृति के नियंत्रक और नियामक सम्प्रत्यय व विचारधारा, महासागरोें की ऊँची लहरों और भयंकर झंझावातों में बह गई और ‘‘ग्रीन इनवायरमेंटलिज्म‘‘ और ‘‘गहन पारिस्थितिकी‘‘ की विचारधारा प्रसूत हुई जहां मनुष्य कसे प्रकृति से संयुक्त माना गया दोनों में अंतरसंबंधों व अंतरनिर्भरता का सिद्धांत प्रस्फुटित हुआ।
ग्रामीण वंचित महिलाओं के सशक्तिकरण में महात्मा गांधी राष्ट्रीय रोजगार गारंटी अधिनियम (मनरेगा) की भूमिका-बस्ती जनपद के विशेष संदर्भ में
Authors: . पिंकी , पाठक* अर्चना
Published: September 2023

वर्तमान आधुनिक युग में बराबरी समाज का प्रमुख लक्ष्य है और बहुत से आंदोलन, अधिनियम व योजनाएं इन लक्ष्य की प्राप्ति के लिए जुड़ी हैं। वैश्विक समाज से लेकर भारतीय समाज तक में आधी आबादी जेंडर की सामाजिक असमानता के चलते आय, संपत्ति, व्यवसाय, शिक्षा, और शक्ति से एक बड़े कालखंड से वंचित है, ग्रामीण भारत इसका सजीव चित्रण है। दुनिया भर के देशों में लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों के प्रसार के चलते 1975 के दशक में महिलाओं के सशक्तिकरण के लिए वैश्विक स्तर से भारतीय स्तर तक अनेकानेक प्रयत्न हुए। इन्हीं में उल्लेखनीय है पंचायती राज व्यवस्था एवं महात्मा गांधी राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण रोजगार गारंटी अधिनियम 2005। इनके द्वारा ग्रामीण वंचित महिलाओं को समाज की मुख्यधारा में सम्मिलित होने और उन्हें राजीतिक, सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक रूप से सक्षमता प्रदान करने का निरंतर प्रयत्न हो रहा है।
बौद्ध स्तूप-वास्तु (उद्भव एवं आरम्भिक संरचना)
Authors: राय ज्ञानेन्द्र नारायण
Published: September 2023

‘स्तूप’ शब्द का प्रयोग भारतीय साहित्यिक परम्परा में वैदिक काल से ही प्राप्त होता है। इस शब्द का आरम्भिक सन्दर्भ सर्वप्राचीन ग्रन्थ ऋग्वेद से ही प्राप्त है। ऋग्वेद की तीन ऋचाओं में ‘स्तूप’ शब्द का उल्लेख हुआ है ---

‘दिव्यं सानु स्तूपैरू’1 अर्थात् ‘दिव्य स्तूप’, ‘वनस्योर्ध्वं स्तूपं’2 उर्ध्व स्तूप अर्थात् ‘ऊँचा स्तूप’, ‘अरुषस्तूपो’3 अरुष का अर्थ ‘कोष’ अथवा ‘सूर्य’ है4 एवं ‘हिरण्यस्तूप’5 में ‘स्तूप’ शब्द का अर्थ ‘ढूहा’ वा ‘ढेर’ है दृ स्वर्ण का ढेर, जैसे कि कृषक अपने धान्य का ढेर लगाता है (स्तूपयति धान्यं कृषकः), इसी प्रकार अमरकोश6 में मिट्टी के ढेर के लिए (मृदादि कूटः एवं राशीकृत मृत्तिकादि) भी इस शब्द का प्रयोग हुआ है।7 बौद्ध स्तूपों की रचना शतपथ ब्राह्मण8 के वर्तुल श्मशान के सन्दर्भ में भी देखने का दृष्टिकोण संकेतित हुआ है।9 बौद्ध काल में बुद्ध के शरीरावशेष को संरक्षित करते हुए स्तूप रचे गए।
संस्कृत साहित्य में रीतिकाल के प्रवर्तक
Authors: देवी नागरानी , सिंह सीमा
Published: September 2023

संस्कृत महाकाव्य की परम्परा तथा विकासक्रम का अनुशीलन करने से यह स्वतः स्पष्ट हो जाता है कि आदिकवि वाल्मीकि के रामायण काव्य में भावपक्ष का प्राधान्य है, भाषा या कलापक्ष की गौणता है। कालिदास से पूर्व तक यही प्रवृत्ति रही है। महाकवि कालिदास नये युग का प्रवर्तन करते हैं। उनमें भाषा एवं भाव दोनों का अद्भुत समन्वय है, दोनों प्रधान है। आलोचकों ने कालिदासयुग की कविता को ‘सुकुमार शैली’ की संज्ञा दी है। महाकवि भारवि के प्रादुर्भाव से एक नये युग का प्रवर्तन होता है। आलोचक भारवि और भारवियुग की कविता को ‘अलंकारशैली’ की संज्ञा देते हैं। आचार्य कुन्तक के शब्दों में यह ‘विचित्रमार्ग’ है। इसमें कविता रस या भाव प्रधान न होकर अलंकार या भाषा प्रधान हो जाती है। भारवि इस शैली का नेतृत्व करते हैं। इस पद्धति की काव्ययात्रा में परवर्ती माघ, भट्टि, श्रीहर्ष, आनन्दवर्धन आदि कवि सम्मिलित हुए।
EDUKASI PENDAMPINGAN USAHA DAN PENGOLAHAN HASIL PERIKANAN DESA TANA MERAH
Authors: Nizhamuddin AB  , Ahmad Juliana  , Dodi Apriadi  , Sudarto  , Muhammad Tharmizi Junaid
Published: September 2023

Kegiatan     Pengabdian     Kepada     Masyarakat merupakan salah  satu  Tri  Dharma  Perguruan  Tinggi  yang harus   dilaksanakan.   Pada kesempatan   kali   ini, kegiatan pengabdian tahun 2022 dilakukan di salah satu Desa Binaan Fakultas Ekonomi Borneo Tarakan yakni Desa Tana Merah yang terletak di Kecamatan Tana Lia kabupaten Tana Tidung. Kegiatan pengabdian kali ini mengangkat  tema  mengenai edukasi pendampingan usaha dan pengolahan hasil perikanan. Mereka akan diberikan pelatihan untuk memulai berwirausaha baik cara merintis dan memulai suatu bisnis. Sulitnya   lapangan   kerja   saat   ini, membuat   kita   untuk melaksanakan   kegiatan   ini, sehingga   masyarakat   desa khususnya yang belum memiliki usaha dan yang telah memiliki usaha  dapat memahami pengetahuan untuk memulai usaha baik dari segi pengembangan sdm maupun pengolahan hasil tambak.
SAHR 2021 Health sector responses to Covid-19: Chapters at a glance
Authors: Padarath Ashnie
Published: September 2023

When it comes to service delivery and access in both the public and private health sectors, COVID-19 has put everything to the test. It has demonstrated how central public health security is to health and livelihoods, and how pandemic health emergencies expose the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of health systems, costing lives and causing immeasurable damage to economies. Few could have imagined the impact of COVID-19 when this pandemic reached our shores in March 2020.

But it has also created opportunities for rapid innovation, and out of sheer necessity, has increased and enabled cross-sectoral collaboration, and public−private partnership initiatives. It is against this backdrop that Health Systems Trust (HST) in collaboration with the Health Economics and AIDS Research Division (HEARD) − a research unit based at the University of KwaZulu-Natal − launches its special edition of the South African Health Review.

This edition considers the government’s and broader health sector’s response to COVID-19, explores the current challenges facing the health system at this unprecedented time, and reflects on lessons learnt for future for public health emergencies. The chapters offer information on, inter alia, the challenges of balancing lives with livelihoods, and the impact of COVID-19 on different cadres of healthcare workers, especially Community Health Workers who found themselves at the forefront of our COVID-19 response. Other areas covered include the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations like children, persons with disabilities, farmworkers, migrants, and the poorest in our society.

We thank HEARD, as well as members of the Editorial Advisory Committee, for their contribution in guiding the content of the Review towards featuring these multiple perspectives, thereby adding to the publication’s richness and diversity. We also extend our thanks to the Ministerial Advisory Committee on COVID-19 for their contribution to this edition, and to the Johnson & Johnson Foundation for their generous support for its production.

Developing this edition in the midst of loss and uncertainty has been difficult, and its completion is due in large part to the tenacity and dedication of all those who contributed to its delivery.

On behalf of the Board of Health Systems Trust, I thank the authors, reviewers, Editorial Advisory Committee members, editorial team, and administrative personnel who worked tirelessly to produce this Review. Your commitment and expertise have collectively ensured another excellent edition of the South African Health Review − a valuable resource for the health sector and the country. We thank you for your contribution.
COVID-19-related queries received by the National Health Laboratory Service and the National Institute for Communicable Diseases in South Africa: January to August 2020
Authors: Dempster Megan J. , Naran Nimesh , Dryden Murray , He Zhixin , Kabuya Kathleen J. , Sheik Khadeejah , Whitbread Trisha A. , Mathews Moushumi A. , Somaroo Harsha , Essel Vivien
Published: September 2023

The National Institute for Communicable Diseases − a division of the National Health Laboratory Service − launched a clinician and public hotline, adapted from an existing NICD clinicians’ hotline, to guide healthcare workers and members of the public on COVID-19-related queries. The hotlines received over 150 000 queries within eight months. We describe the queries so as to inform recommendations for tailoring clinician training, improving access to information, and guiding health promotion.

A retrospective description of data from the NHLS-NICD clinician and public hotlines from January to August 2020 was performed. Queries were analysed by province, caller type and sector. A thematic analysis with a deductive and semantic approach was used to describe the reason for each query.

From January to August 2020, 99.9% (152 766/152 985) of queries attended to on the hotlines were related to COVID-19, with most queries being made in April (n=53 471).

The majority of queries were from members of the public (95.0%), and from the public sector (97.0%). Gauteng Province accounted for most queries (42.9%). General information on COVID-19, advice for testing and administrative/systems issues (related to nationwide announcements/events), together accounted for the largest proportion of COVID-19 queries, at 86.0%.

The hotline provided general and clinical COVID-19 advice. Data from the hotline mirrored information gaps and distributions of concerns related to COVID-19, and could be used to guide clinician training and public informationsharing. A significant proportion of the queries did not fall within the NHLS-NICD scope of practice, indicating a need for targeted public engagement and education. Future outbreak hotline services could be planned on the basis of this experience to define the objectives of contact centres and establish these in awareness campaigns
Learning from COVID and climatic events to build a resilient health system: Western Cape Department of Health
Authors: Quintana Amanda , Angeletti-du Toit Laura , Gilson Lucy , Smith Wayne , Vallabhjee Krishna
Published: September 2023

Background

The devastating KwaZulu-Natal floods in early 2022 were a reminder of the extensive damage to property and loss of life that climate change will exacerbate in South Africa. Extreme weather events are projected to increase in frequency and intensity in the southern African region. In recent years, the Western Cape has experienced fires, floods, drought, load-shedding, and COVID-19.

Approach

This chapter reflects on the experience of the Western Cape Department of Health around a series of adverse events in the province. The main lessons are identified, and a framework is suggested to strengthen the health sector’s response to climate change.

The Department has been on an intentional learning journey to strengthen the health system, build health-system resilience, and to learn from these events. In addition to the need to adapt to external events, the health system itself contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. As such, the Department has discussed the mitigation activities it is engaged in to reduce its contribution to climate change. Building on the lessons learned from adverse events, the Department has identified five focus areas to strengthen the health sector’s ability to respond to climate change: (i) structural and relational aspects of governance; (ii) stewardship, leadership, and management; (iii) partnerships and intersectoral collaboration; (iv) system capacities; and (v) learning oriented culture.

Conclusions

As the impacts of climate change are increasingly felt, there is an urgent need to share lessons from the health sector’s response to adverse events. This learning can assist in implementing adaptive actions that strengthen health-system functions and that mitigate the health sector’s greenhouse gas emissions. Health-sector leadership in South Africa needs to participate actively in climate action through the Presidential Climate Commission and other fora. The chapter concludes with recommendations that speak to the focus areas and shared learnings that can be helpful in other settings where health systems face climate risks.
Mental health experiences of public psychiatric healthcare workers during COVID-19 across southern Gauteng, South Africa: a call for strengthening public mental health care
Authors: Kim Andrew W , Maaroganye Kagisho , Subramaney Ugasvaree
Published: September 2023

The global COVID-19 pandemic and South Africa’s national lockdown introduced serious threats to public mental health in a society where one in three individuals develop a psychiatric disorder during their life. Studies worldwide have illustrated the acute psychosocial strain and chronic psychiatric sequelae experienced by healthcare employees during the pandemic. Over and above existing systemic constraints, national leaders in public mental healthcare have reported serious challenges in delivering psychiatric services during COVID-19. Despite these early reports on the psychological and healthcare-related consequences of COVID-19, no study has evaluated the impacts of the pandemic on mental healthcare workers and psychiatric facilities in South Africa, nor have the implications for public mental health policy been elucidated. Here we examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in five specialised and tertiary psychiatric facilities in southern Gauteng.

In-depth qualitative interviews (n=55) were administered to examine the perceptions of psychiatric hospital workers. Survey-based data (n=54) and regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between COVID-19 healthcare experiences and psychiatric morbidity.

Our study found elevated psychiatric morbidity among hospital staff. Healthcare-related stress during lockdown Levels 3 to 1 was strongly associated with worse symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We also found salient experiences of fear and COVID-19 infection risk, acute resource shortages, and long-term healthcare infrastructural constraints. These circumstances undergirded and exacerbated harmful conditions that posed major threats to patient care, worsened occupational health, and compromised each hospital’s capacity to overcome the pandemic.

Without major and expeditious policy action towards improving public mental health, South Africa is at risk for yet another mental healthcare catastrophe in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer these findings to highlight the need for mental health promotion among hospital staff, identify constraints in the public mental health system, and provide future direction for mental health policy planning.
Providing health services for farm workers during COVID-19: a case study of an NGO in a rural agricultural area
Authors: Pillay Nirvana , Coulson Nancy
Published: September 2023

Farming, an essential service, continued during the most restricted phase of South Africa’s national lockdown. This chapter documents how Hlokomela, a non-governmental organisation in rural Limpopo, provided health and other social services to the farming community during this time.

We documented the Hlokomela health services response to COVID-19 while conducting a pilot study of a partial-payment scheme for farm employers whose workers accessed their health services. From mid-March to June 2020, in-depth interviews with Hlokomela management, as well as reviews of the Hlokomela weekly newsletter, were added to pilot research activities. We undertook a case study using a systems lens to examine how the organisation addressed the needs of a rural agricultural community affected by COVID-19 lockdown measures.

Hlokomela was able to address gaps in the health response for farm workers, farm employers and the broader community. Through leveraging established networks, the organisation supplemented the State’s COVID-19 response by providing four types of outreach activities: provision of personal protective equipment; workplace and community screening services; training and awareness activities; and distribution of food.

Hlokomela utilised four strategic areas that enabled a strengthened health response: adaptability, health promotion, a network with local stakeholders, and social development outreach. The case study highlights the potential role of creative partnerships between the State and non-governmental organisations for health service delivery in rural agricultural regions.
A Family Medicine response to the COVID-19 lockdown: University of Pretoria perspective
Authors: Madela-Mntla Edith N. , Ngcobo Sanele
Published: September 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic caused great social, political and economic disruption, and imposed unprecedented changes in work, lifestyle, service delivery and social interactions in South Africa and worldwide. Healthcare providers, working in often already overstretched healthcare systems, found themselves at the forefront of global and national efforts to contain the havoc of morbidity and mortality wreaked by SARS-CoV2.

This chapter describes efforts by the University of Pretoria’s Department of Family Medicine (UPDFM) to deliver on its mandate of teaching, learning, and research in the face of the disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic during the March-September 2020 nationwide hard lockdown.

Methods

A perspective review was undertaken, drawing on reports, meeting minutes, email correspondences and electronic personal communications analysed to describe the activities undertaken by the UPDFM during the study period.

Results

Nationally, some of the adaptive responses triggered by the COVID-19 lockdown drew from the pre-existing UPDFM repertoire of community-oriented, learner- and patient-centred practices of service delivery. Key among these practices were data collection and management using validated tools; virtual communication and meetings; health promotion and disease prevention through training nurses, community health workers and patients on newly developed Covid-19 prevention strategies; clinical intervention, including screening and diagnosis, treatment and care coordination using telemedicine and full service delivery in homeless shelters; patient referral/mobility by staff using sponsored rental cars and using an application to call an ambulance, and treatment continuation through home delivery of medication.

Conclusions

COVID-19 restrictions presented the UPDFM with a unique opportunity to draw from its experience and create rapid, impactful interventions. Most lessons learnt by the UPDFM during the crisis proved invaluable for use beyond the acute phase of the pandemic, thereby transforming the health system for better pandemic preparedness.
Cross-border collaboration and capacity-building for improved health emergency response planning in Southern Africa
Authors: Walker Joslyn , Liebenberg Marieta , Burnett James Michael , Maphanga Tonicah , King Judith
Published: September 2023

Background

Many countries were ill prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic and the sudden border closures introduced to stem contagion. To address this planning and response gap, Health Systems Trust and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Global Migration and Quarantine jointly implemented a capacity-building project among eight Southern African countries during 2022. The intention was to strengthen collaboration among the countries in implementing public health emergency response strategies. Shared analysis of cross-border movement patterns, and building neighbouring countries’ capacity to identify priority areas for such response planning, strengthened relationships for communicating health risks and events.

Approach

This chapter presents findings from project participants’ perspectives on whether and how the project supported improved regional collaboration for emergency responses to public health events, and their perceptions of how the project strengthened their border health systems.

Country delegates were convened in multi-sectoral regional and sub-regional meetings and workshops to facilitate cross-border public health information-sharing and co-ordination, and to align surveillance for emergency preparedness and response. They drafted procedures to: strengthen cross-border and multi-sectoral communication; prioritise points of entry for cross-border co-ordination; map population movement patterns; and identify national and regional border health priorities. Training focused on points of entry to enhance planning for future disease outbreaks by introducing the Population Connectivity Across Borders Toolkit for analysing population movement data to guide the design of public health interventions.

Conclusions

Collaboration with global and regional institutions strengthened the countries’ ability to comply with International Health Regulations in responding to communicable disease outbreaks.

The outcomes indicate that sustained engagement, refinement of standard operating procedures, and multilateral agreements that ensure balancing of country priorities with global health requirements, can be achieved. Continued analysis of and reflection on country work plans are needed to assess similarities and differences in priority identification, which will guide future training and development of regional strategies to build stronger border health systems.
Taking a bird’s-eye view: infrastructuring bird-turbine relations during wind power controversies
Authors: Nordstrand Frantzen Daniel , Nyborg Sophie , Kirch Kirkegaard Julia
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we explore bird-turbine relations, which are becoming a point of contention in controversies over local wind-farm projects. We conceptualize potential wind farms, together with the planning process preceding them, as a single ‘infrastructural arrangement’ that organizes how environments are known and affected by wind farms. Within the context of this infrastructural arrangement, we trace how two groups – opponents and developers of wind farms – discover birds as potential allies in defining specific bird-turbine relations that will help in either stopping or promoting wind farm projects. We observe two types of bird-turbine relations. In the first, which is present in current environmental regulations and is mobilized by wind farm opponents, birds are considered fragile and endangered by turbines. The second, proposed by a developer, problematizes current regulation through an alternative relationship of co-existence between birds and turbines, according to which birds are more robust and turbines less dangerous. This account of birdwatching leads us to discuss the many forms of politics that occur within or against the infrastructural arrangements of wind farm planning. We find that these politics have important consequences for whether or not wind farm projects are realized and for the way wind farms affect their surrounding environments.