bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminist Theory: A Research Agenda for HRD
Authors: Hirudayaraj Malar , Shields Lauren
Published: June 2019

The Problem

Limited research representing the field of human resource development (HRD) has challenged the masculine rationality in organizational culture, processes, and discourse; questioned power or gender hegemony within organizations; or examined how oppression and hegemony are manifested in the lives of different groups of women in a variety of work contexts. This limited scope of research has resulted in a lack of consideration and application of feminist theory, a valuable framework for examining issues relating to inequity and the subjugation of women. Compared with related fields, studies applying feminist theory in HRD research are fewer in number and less robust in terms of issues explored, research design, and target groups examined.

The Solution

A deeper examination of (a) populations beyond White middle class women, (b) the lives and experiences of women from varying backgrounds, (c) asymmetrical power relationships, (d) opportunities for women to gain knowledge and power, (e) the use of language and power to silence women, (f) gender as a social construct and essential category of analysis, and (g) ways to promote social change are presented along with recommendations to broaden the scope of research that applies feminist theory in HRD research and practice.

The Key Stakeholders

The examination of feminist theory is expected to benefit HRD researchers, practitioners, scholars, and women in the workforce.
Phonological Awareness Assessment and Intervention Practices for Children Who Are D/deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Puhlman Jane E. , Wood Carla L.
Published: June 2019

There is not general consensus on best practice for assessment and intervention of phonological awareness (PA) for children who are D/deaf or hard of hearing (D/dhh). The current study surveyed the PA practices of teachers of the deaf and speech-language pathologists to explore perceptions of PA importance, familiarity, and helpfulness related to assessment and intervention approaches used when working with children who are D/dhh. Survey responses from speech-language pathologists ( n = 80) and teachers of the deaf ( n = 94) indicated that the majority of respondents perceive PA to be important to literacy instruction with children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Notably there was a significantly higher average PA importance rating for literacy instruction with children with typical hearing than the PA importance rating for children who were D/dhh. There was wide variability in reported PA assessment and intervention practices. Participants reported using some assessments that included explicit items or subtests for PA including the following: Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, and the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills. There was not general consensus on a particular instructional method or approach to support literacy development.
Renal Safety of Intravenous Ketorolac Use After Donor Nephrectomy
Authors: Tabrizian Parissa , Giacca Massimo , Prigoff Jake , Tran Benjamin , Holzner Matthew L. , Chin Edward , Palese Michael , Herron Daniel , Arvelakis Antonios , Rudow Dianne LaPointe , Florman Sander , Shapiro Ron
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

The benefit and short-term safety of ketorolac have been established in previous studies however, the risk of bleeding and long-term renal impairment in patients undergoing donor nephrectomy remain unclear. We report our experience at a high-volume transplant center.

Method:

Between January 1996 and January 2014, 862 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Exclusion criteria included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug allergy, asthma, bleeding disorders, long-term opioid use, intraoperative blood loss >700 mL, peptic ulcer disease, bleeding diathesis, and baseline creatinine greater than 1.9 mg/dL. Intravenous ketorolac was administered within 30 minutes following the surgical procedure at a dose of 15 to 30 mg every 6 hours. Patients were categorized into 2 groups according to the administration of ketorolac after surgery. Differences between the groups were analyzed. Primary outcomes were changes in serum creatinine and hemoglobin levels. Poor outcome was defined as postsurgical complications.

Results:

During this time, 469 (55.3%) received ketorolac. The mean donor age was 39 years, and 360 (42.5%) were male. Left kidneys were procured in 82%. Operative time averaged 210 minutes and warm ischemia time117 seconds. Baseline demographic and operative outcomes were comparable in both groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the ketorolac group and the nonketorolac group in preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels and serum creatinine at 1 week, 1 year, and 5 years ( P = .6). Ketorolac use was not associated with increased perioperative morbidity ( P = NS).

Conclusion:

The use of intravenous ketorolac in patients undergoing donor nephrectomy was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding or renal impairment.
Development of [18F]FPy-WL12 as a PD-L1 Specific PET Imaging Peptide
Authors: Lesniak Wojciech G. , Mease Ronnie C. , Chatterjee Samit , Kumar Dhiraj , Lisok Ala , Wharram Bryan , Kalagadda Venkateswara Rao , Emens Leisha A. , Pomper Martin G. , Nimmagadda Sridhar
Published: June 2019

Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) within tumors is an important biomarker for guiding immune checkpoint therapies; however, immunohistochemistry-based methods of detection fail to provide a comprehensive picture of PD-L1 levels in an entire patient. To facilitate quantification of PD-L1 in the whole body, we developed a peptide-based, high-affinity PD-L1 imaging agent labeled with [18F]fluoride for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The parent peptide, WL12, and the nonradioactive analog of the radiotracer, 19FPy-WL12, inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 interaction at low nanomolar concentrations (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50], 26-32 nM). The radiotracer, [18F]FPy-WL12, was prepared by conjugating 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl 6-[18F]fluoronicotinate ([18F]FPy-TFP) to WL12 and assessed for specificity in vitro in 6 cancer cell lines with varying PD-L1 expression. The uptake of the radiotracer reflected the PD-L1 expression assessed by flow cytometry. Next, we performed the in vivo evaluation of [18F]FPy-WL12 in mice bearing cancer xenografts by PET imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and blocking studies. In vivo data demonstrated a PD-L1-specific uptake of [18F]FPy-WL12 in tumors that is reduced in mice receiving a blocking dose. The majority of [18F]FPy-WL12 radioactivity was localized in the tumors, liver, and kidneys indicating the need for optimization of the labeling strategy to improve the in vivo pharmacokinetics of the radiotracer.
A compressive sensing–based adaptable secure data collection scheme for distributed wireless sensor networks
Authors: Liu Zhen , Han Yi-Liang , Yang Xiao-Yuan
Published: June 2019

Toward the goal of high security and efficiency for data collection in wireless sensor network, this article proposed an adaptable secure compressive sensing–based data collection scheme for distributed wireless sensor network. It adopted public key cryptography technology to solve the key distribution problem, and compressive sensing over finite fields to reduce the communication cost of data collection. Under hardness of decisional learning with errors problem on lattice, it can ensure indistinguishability against chosen ciphertext attack (IND-CCA1) security scheme for collected data on the extranet and indistinguishability against chosen plaintext attack security for data during the process of distributed collection on the intranet. Owing to the similar linear structure for lattices and compressive sensing, data encryption collection can be all in the form of efficient linear operations, and internode data aggregation can be in the form of addition operation.
Assessment of a Vacuum-Based Intra-Colonic Diverting Device: A Preclinical Study
Authors: Khosrovani Charam , Birnbaum David Jérémie , Berdah Stéphane , Beyer-Berjot Laura
Published: June 2019

Purpose. Anastomotic leak is the main complication after low colorectal anastomosis. Defunctioning ileostomy is therefore recommended, which carries its own morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of a vacuum-based intra-colonic diverting device (Colovac) to reduce the impact of anastomotic leak. Methods. This prospective preclinical study was conducted on living swine. The device was surgically inserted transanally, proximal to a colorectal anastomosis, and removed endoscopically at day 14. Then, open surgery was performed to look for deep sepsis and/or anastomotic leak, and the remaining colorectal anastomosis was resected for histopathological analysis. The endpoints were successful insertion and delivery of the device, postoperative morbidity, successful maintaining of the device, and absence of feces spillage and/or abscess in the abdominal cavity. Results. The Colovac was inserted in 22 swine. Stent migration occurred in 7 of the first 8 specimens, leading to natural expulsion of the device. After diet adaptation, a subsequent group of 14 swine was undertaken, of which 13 did not show any sign of migration post-implantation. Disconnection of the suction drain occurred in 1 case, leading to device expulsion on day 10. Colovac retrieval was achieved successfully in 13 cases. The endoscopic assessment of the anchorage site showed limited mucosal injury, whereas histopathological findings revealed mild hyperplasia. One swine died prematurely of postoperative colonic ischemia. Conclusion. This new device appears to be safe in the swine model and may prevent peritonitis or abscess due to colorectal anastomotic leak.
Sulforaphane Attenuates Endometriosis in Rat Models Through Inhibiting PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Aixiu , Hong Yiting , Lv Yuchun
Published: June 2019

Sulforaphane exerts anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory diseases. The endometriosis (EM) is accompanied by chronic inflammation. The present study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane on EM and its underlying mechanism. An EM rat model was established by transplantation of autologous fragments. The rats were intragastrically administered sulforaphane (5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. The volumes of endometriotic foci and adhesion score were calculated at the end of the experiment. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of VEGF, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2), Bax, cleaved caspase-3, PI3K, and Akt in endometrial tissue were determined by Western blotting. Relative expressions of PI3K and Akt were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Posttreatment of sulforaphane dose-dependently decreased the volumes of endometriotic foci and adhesion score in EM model. Additionally, posttreatment of sulforaphane inhibited levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and VEGF in peritoneal fluid and plasma. Posttreatment of sulforaphane regulated the expressions of VEGF, bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved Caspase-3 in EM model. The underlying mechanism revealed that sulforaphane attenuated EM in the rat model by inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Generic dRug Adoption Framework: Framework to assess perceptions and identify high-quality generic drugs in oncology
Authors: Garg Amit , Singh Anupama R , Kadukkatt Shyamal S , Pablo Juan , Akku Shyam
Published: June 2019

Perceptions in physicians and pharmacists are a common impediment to the utilization of generic medicines in clinical practice. As a multinational initiative to accelerate access to high-quality generic medicines, Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd has developed the Generic dRug Adoption Framework. Currently available in four languages (English, Portuguese, Spanish, and Russian) and four (Malaysia, Brazil, Colombia, and Ukraine) countries, the framework will enable physicians and pharmacists to identify high-quality generics and help towards switching from originator to generic medicines. This can help to increase the adoption and access for generic medicines. The platform is not intended to guide treatment decisions but can help healthcare providers to differentiate a high-quality generic medicine based on parameters of effectiveness, safety, quality, and costs.
A discursive analysis of the in situ construction of (Japanese) leadership and leader identity in a research interview. Implications for leadership research
Authors: Clifton Jonathan , Dai Wenjin
Published: June 2019

Interviews are a way, if not the key way, in which knowledge of leadership and leader identity is sought. Yet, the interviews as a site of the construction of this knowledge are often “black-boxed” and few scholars consider how the “what” of leadership and leader identity are constructed as in situ social practice. Taking a discursive approach to leadership, and using membership categorization analysis as a methodological tool, this paper considers the identity work that participants do when constructing (Japanese) leadership and leader identity in a research interview. Findings indicate that leader identity is fragmented and contradictory and that identity work is skewed to producing a morally acceptable leader identity that has little to do with revealing underlying truths of leadership as often assumed. On the basis of these findings, we call for the discursive turn in leadership research to go beyond considering leadership-in-action to also consider the way in which both meanings of leadership and leader identities are discursively constructed as in situ social practice, notably in research interviews. Second, we call for more careful consideration and analysis of research interview as a site for building knowledge of leadership and leader identities, which, close analysis reveals to be fluid, changeable, and even contradictory. Third, we argue that researchers should also analyze what the particular constructions of leadership and leader identities “do.” This aligns with calls for more critical approaches to leadership studies that challenge hegemonic views of leadership and seek to make visible the power dynamics of presenting leadership and leader identity in one way rather than another.
Heart rate variability: Measurement and emerging use in critical care medicine
Authors: Johnston Brian W , Barrett-Jolley Richard , Krige Anton , Welters Ingeborg D
Published: June 2019

Variation in the time interval between consecutive R wave peaks of the QRS complex has long been recognised. Measurement of this RR interval is used to derive heart rate variability. Heart rate variability is thought to reflect modulation of automaticity of the sinus node by the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. The clinical application of heart rate variability in determining prognosis post myocardial infarction and the risk of sudden cardiac death is well recognised. More recently, analysis of heart rate variability has found utility in predicting foetal deterioration, deterioration due to sepsis and impending multiorgan dysfunction syndrome in critically unwell adults. Moreover, reductions in heart rate variability have been associated with increased mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. It is hypothesised that heart rate variability reflects and quantifies the neural regulation of organ systems such as the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In disease states, it is thought that there is an ‘uncoupling’ of organ systems, leading to alterations in ‘inter-organ communication’ and a clinically detectable reduction in heart rate variability. Despite the increasing evidence of the utility of measuring heart rate variability, there remains debate as to the methodology that best represents clinically relevant outcomes. With continuing advances in technology, our understanding of the physiology responsible for heart rate variability evolves. In this article, we review the current understanding of the physiological basis of heart rate variability and the methods available for its measurement. Finally, we review the emerging use of heart rate variability analysis in intensive care medicine and conditions in which heart rate variability has shown promise as a potential physiomarker of disease.
Lactate clearance prognosticates outcome in pediatric septic shock during first 24 h of intensive care unit admission
Authors: Nazir Mudasir , Wani Wasim , Dar Sheeraz Ahmad , Mir Inamul-Haq , Charoo Bashir Ahmad , Ahmad Qazi Iqbal , Wajid Syed
Published: June 2019

This study was undertaken to examine the clinical utility of lactate clearance as an indicator of mortality in pediatric septic shock, and to compare the performance of lactate clearance at 6, 12, and 24 h for predicting in-hospital and 60-day mortality. Pediatric patients with septic shock were prospectively studied. Vital signs, laboratory values, Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score, and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score were obtained at presentation (hour 0), hour 6, hour 24 and over the first 72 h of hospitalization. Lactate clearance was obtained at 6, 12, and 24 h of hospital admission. Therapy received, outcome parameters of mortality, and duration of hospitalization were recorded. The primary outcome variable of 60-day mortality rate was 31.25%. Only lactate clearance at 6 and 24 h was significantly associated with mortality, with odds of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.951–981; p < 0.001) and 0.975 (95% CI, 0.964–0.986; p < 0.001), respectively. Approximately there was a 24% decrease in likelihood of mortality for each 10% increase in lactate clearance at 24 h. At a threshold value of 10% 6-h lactate clearance had a sensitivity of 0.948 and specificity of 0.571, while at a threshold of 20% 24-h lactate clearance had a sensitivity of 0.922 and specificity of 0.629. The comparison of clearance at 6 and 24 h using receiver operating characteristic showed that former was “fair” (area under the curve = 0.753) and later was “good” (area under the curve = 0.81) in predicting mortality in pediatric septic shock.

Conclusion

We concluded that optimal lactate clearance in pediatric septic shock both during the early presentation and after the initial “golden hours” is associated with lower in-hospital and 60-day mortality. Further, 24-h lactate clearance appears superior to 6 h lactate clearance in predicting mortality in such patients.
CD8+ PD-1+ T-cells and PD-L1+ circulating tumor cells in chemotherapy-naïve non-small cell lung cancer: towards their clinical relevance?
Authors: Kotsakis Athanasios , Kallergi Galatea , Aggouraki Despoina , Lyristi Zaharoula , Koinis Filippos , Lagoudaki Eleni , Koutsopoulos Anastasios , Georgoulias Vassilis , Vetsika Eleni-Kyriaki
Published: June 2019

Background:

Since tumor cells may escape from immune surveillance through the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand (PD-L)1 axis, this study was designed in order to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the levels of PD-1+ and PD-L1+-expressing immune cells (ICs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and methods:

Peripheral blood was obtained from 37 chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic NSCLC before treatment. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was evaluated (1) on ICs with anti-tumor function (CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, monocytes/dendritic cells) using flow cytometry, (2) on CTCs by immunofluorescence and (3) on cells from tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. The levels of PD-1+ and PD-L1+-expressing ICs were correlated with progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:

The presence of PD-1+ CD8+ cells, with reduced interferon (IFN)-γ expression, but not other ICs, were positively correlated with PD-L1+ CTCs ( p < 0.04). Increased percentages of PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells, were associated with a worse response to treatment ( p = 0.032) and shorter PFS ( p = 0.023) which, in multivariate analysis, was revealed as an independent predictor for decreased PFS [hazard ratio (HR): 4.1, p = 0.0007].

Conclusion:

The results of the current study, for first time, provide evidence for a possible interaction between ICs and CTCs in NSCLC patients via the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and strongly support that the levels of PD-1+ CD8+ in these patients may be of clinical relevance.
Efficient, Scalable Syntheses of Ginkgolic Acids
Authors: Alterman Joshua L. , Kraus George A.
Published: June 2019

Ginkgolic acids were directly synthesized from 6-methylsalicylic acid using a sequence involving protection of the phenol and acid as methoxymethyl ethers and esters, lateral alkylation and deprotection under mild aqueous acid conditions.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Morroniside: A Review
Authors: Li Bo , Lei Shanshan , Xiong Shan , Chen Suhong , Zhang Zhenqing
Published: June 2019

Morroniside belongs to a group of iridoid glycosides and is the primary active component of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. This species is a rich source of iridoid glycosides and has been used as a traditional Chinese medicinal herbs for centuries. In this review, we discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morroniside. Morroniside is quickly absorbed and metabolized and is widely distributed throughout the body. It also exerts various pharmacological effects. Numerous pharmacological studies have indicated that morroniside plays a role in protecting the nervous system, treating osteoarthritis, inhibiting platelet aggregation, preventing diabetic angiopathies and renal damage, and reducing bone resorption, among others. Future research need to be conducted in support of the development of morroniside as a potential drug.
One-Year Outcome Study of Anatomic Reconstruction of Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joints
Authors: Cook Jeremy J. , Cook Emily A. , Hansen Daniel D. , Matthews Michael , Karthas Timothy , Collier Byron , McKenna Bryon , Manning Elena
Published: June 2019

Background: Lesser metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) and plantar plate pathologies are commonly seen forefoot conditions. Traditional rebalancing techniques are commonly used but can have concerning adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the 1-year outcomes of a new technique consisting of anatomic repair of the plantar plate and collateral ligaments involving lesser MTPJs. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study of 50 consecutive patients treated with anatomic plantar plate and collateral ligament reconstruction were evaluated for lesser MTPJ imbalances between 2013 and 2016. The primary outcome was postoperative digital stability defined as a normal dorsal drawer test and normal paper pull-out test. Secondary outcomes included pre- and postoperative visual analogue scale pain measurements, MTPJ radiographic alignment, and ACFAS Forefoot module scores. Results: All patients had digital instability prior to the surgical intervention. Final follow-up revealed that 92% of patients showed improved digital stability, P = .0005. Multivariate regression found statistically significant improvement in pain reduction via the visual analogue scale of 51.2 mm ( P < .0001) and ACFAS Forefoot module scores improved to 92 ( P < .0001). The 45 joints with preoperative abnormal transverse plane deformity, had either complete (n = 29) or partial (n = 16) radiographic MTPJ correction. Conclusion: These results suggest that anatomic repair of lesser MTPJ improved digital stability, pain, function and radiographic alignment with greater than one year of follow-up.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Retrospective cohort study
Accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficients and enhancement ratios on magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating primary cerebral lymphomas from glioblastoma
Authors: Anwar Shayan Sirat Maheen , Baig Mirza Zain , Laghari Altaf Ali , Mubarak Fatima , Shamim Muhammad Shahzad , Jilani Umaima Ayesha , Khalid Muhammad Usman
Published: June 2019

Background and purpose

This study aimed to determine the accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and enhancement ratio (ER) in discriminating primary cerebral lymphomas (PCL) and glioblastomas.

Materials and methods

Circular regions of interest were randomly placed centrally within the largest solid-enhancing area of all lymphomas and glioblastomas on both post-contrast T1-weighted images and corresponding ADC maps. Regions of interest were also drawn in the contralateral hemisphere to obtain enhancement and ADC values of normal-appearing white matter. This helped us to calculate the ER and ADC ratio.

Results

Mean enhancement and ADC (mm2/s) values for PCL were 2220.56 ± 2948.30 and 712.00 ± 137.87, respectively. Mean enhancement and ADC values for glioblastoma were 1537.07 ± 1668.33 and 1037.93 ± 280.52, respectively. Differences in ADC values, ratios and ERs were all statistically significant between the two groups ( p < 0.05). ADC values correctly predicted 71.4% of the lesions as glioblastoma and 83.3% as PCL (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.86 on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis). ADC ratios correctly predicted 85.7% of the lesions as glioblastoma and 100% as PCL (AUC = 0.93). ERs correctly predicted 71.4% of the lesions as glioblastoma and 88.9% as PCL (AUC = 0.92). The combination of ADC ratio and ER correctly predicted 100% tumour type in both patient subgroups.

Conclusions

ADC values, ADC ratios and ERs may serve as useful variables to distinguish PCL from glioblastoma. The combination of ADC ratio and ER yielded the best results in identification of both patient subgroups.
Dressing Up for a BBQ on a Blurry Street: #TheDress Is Not Only Ambiguous in Terms of Illumination But Also in Terms of Scene Content
Authors: Martinovic Jasna
Published: June 2019

Explicit or implicit assumptions about the source of illumination are a key determinant of perceived colours from the image of #TheDress. In addition, previous work showed that the extent of the processing of contextual cues in the image may be reduced in blue and black perceivers. This is a brief report of a questionnaire study which focused on the ambiguity of light direction as well as on the ambiguity of the content of #TheDress photograph itself. We replicated previous reports about the importance of perceived light direction: White and gold perceivers were more likely to report light from the back than sideways light. Descriptions of #TheDress image did not relate to perceived colour or light direction, but there were many erroneous reports and a high level of ambiguity. It is highly likely that the ambiguity of image content feeds into the importance of implicit factors that influence perceived illumination as determinants of dress colour.
Sleep quality matters more to community-dwelling individuals than nocturia frequency
Authors: Rose GE , Ervin C , Bower WF
Published: June 2019

Objective:

The objective of this study is to identify variables that describe nocturia-related bother in a sample of community-dwelling individuals.

Materials and methods:

Community-dwelling individuals age 40 years and older who woke to pass urine at night completed an online questionnaire. Participants were asked (i) their top three concerns in relation to nocturia, (ii) to agree or disagree with a list of statements related to bother, and (iii) to complete the Nocturia Impact Diary items. Fisher exact test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess whether differences in nocturia-related bother existed when comparing participants stratified by nocturia severity.

Results:

Moderate to extreme nocturia-related bother was described by 56% of the 202 respondents and by 68% of individuals with nocturia two or more times per night. Effects of nocturia, specifically sleep disruption and impact on daytime function, were the most cited concerns. Low nocturia-related health literacy was evident. The sample was younger (83% age <70 years), predominantly female (74%) and nocturia treatment naïve (95%).

Conclusion:

The study highlights the potential to evaluate patient care based on change in sleep and daytime function rather than solely on nocturia frequency. A suite of patient-reported outcome measures adjunctive to clinical data may have utility in quantifying meaningful change to patients after treatment for nocturia.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
One map to rule them all? Google Maps as digital technical object
Authors: McQuire Scott
Published: June 2019

Since its launch in 2005, Google Maps has been at the forefront of redefining how mapping and positionality function in the context of a globalizing digital economy. It has become a key socio-technical ‘artefact’ helping to reconfigure the nexus between technology and spatial experience in the 21st century. In this essay, I will trace Google’s evolving strategy in the mapping space. I will argue that the evolution of Google Maps exemplifies way in which a contemporary digital platform ‘succeeds’ by becoming embedded as a foundational resource for a variety of other uses and services. At one level, this can be understood in terms of what Gillespie has conceptualized as the ‘politics of platforms’, contributing to the emergence of what has recently been dubbed ‘platform capitalism’. At a deeper level, I will argue that Google Maps exemplifies the complex dynamics of what Simondon calls ‘technical objects’ that always exist in relation to both an evolving technical system, and the other systems constituting a more or less integrated social milieu.
The mutual shaping of geomedia and gentrification: The case of alternative tourism apps
Authors: Jansson André
Published: June 2019

While the ‘media city’ has gained academic attention for over a decade, the role of the media in urban gentrification processes has been an overlooked issue. Due to the rapid expansion of geomedia technologies, for example, app-based social media and location-based services on mobile platforms, there is a growing need to address this area from a critical perspective. The article develops and tries out an analytical framework for studying the mutual shaping of geomedia technologies and gentrification processes, using alternative tourism apps as its illustration. The middle-class biased appearance of such mobile apps is hypothesized as an articulation of a broader trend, through which geomedia recognizes and gains affordances that fit the ambitions of certain social groups and their spatial norms, preferences and practices. The framework comprises two steps: (1) a media-technological unpacking exercise inspired by affordance theory and (2) a critical consideration of how geomedia play into the distribution of spatial capital in the city. The first step outlines how representational, logistical and communicational affordances of alternative tourism apps represent the broader shift from mass media to geomedia. The second step discusses the social logics whereby alternative tourism apps are adapted to middle-class spatial interests, and thus to gentrification, and how geomedia technologies in general affect the ability of different groups to access, appropriate and define different places and neighbourhoods in the city.
Social shaping of mobile geomedia services: An analysis of Yelp and Foursquare
Authors: Frith Jordan , Wilken Rowan
Published: June 2019

In their book, Location-Based Social Media: Space, Time and Identity, Leighton Evans and Michael Saker remark on the apparent ‘death’ of location-based social networks, suggesting that location-based social networks can now be understood as ‘a form of “zombie-media” that animates and haunts other media platforms’. In this article, we use this perspective as a point of departure for a social shaping of technology-informed analysis of two key geomedia platforms: Yelp and Foursquare. With Yelp approaching its 15th year of service and Foursquare approaching its 10th anniversary, this article provides a timely opportunity to (re-)examine the significance of Yelp and Foursquare and the many reconfigurations both firms have made to their services since their launch. These include, most recently, Yelp’s integration of artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques to parse, sift and order users’ posts and Foursquare’s development of its Pilgrim SDK (software design kit) to power the location services of other platforms, like Tinder and Snap. A social shaping-inflected approach is productive in this context in that it stresses how many of these developments and strategic reorientations are not just in response to shareholder and investor pressures, they are also fundamentally shaped by and made in response to the fluctuating demands of end-users within a complicated, competitive and continuously evolving geomedia ecosystem. Consequently, we draw from the work of Leah A Lievrouw to examine how dual tensions of contingency/determination shape how these applications are designed and used, and how both design and use continue to evolve in response to various external pressures.
On the social construction of geomedia technologies
Authors: Fast Karin , Ljungberg Emilia , Braunerhielm Lotta
Published: June 2019

Geomedia technologies represent an advanced set of digital media devices, hardwares, and softwares. Previous research indicates that these place contingent technologies are currently gaining significant social relevance, and contribute to the shaping of contemporary public lives and spaces. However, research has yet to empirically examine how, and for whom, geomedia technologies are made relevant, as well as the role of these technologies in wider processes of social and spatial (re-)production. This special issue contributes valuable knowledge to existing research in the realm of communication geography, by viewing the current “geomediascape” through the lens of social constructivist perspectives, and by interrogating the reciprocal shaping of technology, the social, and space/place. Scrutinizing the social construction of geomedia technologies in various empirical contexts and in relation to different social groups, the essays deal with important questions of power and control, and ultimately challenge the notion of (geo)mediatization as a neutral process.
A 12-Week Pilot Exercise Program for Inactive Adults With Celiac Disease: Study Protocol
Authors: Dowd A Justine , Kronlund Liam , Parmar Candice , Daun Julia T , Wytsma-Fisher Kathryn , Reimer Raylene A , Millet Guillaume Y , Culos-Reed S Nicole
Published: June 2019

Background

Individuals with celiac disease must follow a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) in order to avoid negative short- and long-term health consequences. Unfortunately, many people with celiac disease report poor quality of life (QoL) despite following a strict GFD, and up to 30% still report negative symptoms (eg, gastrointestinal upset).

Purpose

The purpose of the MOVE-C (understanding the relationship between the Microbi Ome, Vitality, and Exercise in Celiac disease) pilot study is to explore the effects of a 12-week supervised progressive high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and lifestyle intervention on physiological, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes among inactive adults with celiac disease. Methods/Design: Sixty inactive adults diagnosed with celiac disease will be randomized to HIIT+ or waitlist control (WLC). Participants in the HIIT+ will engage in a 12-week HIIT + lifestyle education program. HIIT sessions will be comprised of 2 workouts per week, working up to 14 × 30-second intervals at 90% maximal heart rate (HRmax) followed by 2 minutes recovery at 50% HRmax. The 6 biweekly lifestyle sessions will involve education on the promotion of a whole foods GFD, sleep hygiene, psychosocial coping skills (eg, self-compassion), and self-regulatory skills to master changes in behaviors. Assessments will occur at pre and post 12-week intervention and 3-month follow-up. WLC participants will be offered a 12-week HIIT program + online lifestyle education sessions after completing the final assessment. The primary outcomes are QoL and gut microbiota composition assessed with 16S rRNA sequencing. The secondary outcomes are markers of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, fasting glucose, serum lipids, blood pressure, and body composition), gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep quality, adherence to a GFD, exercise behavior, self-regulatory efficacy, and self-compassion. It is hypothesized that participants in the HIIT+ will experience improvements in all outcomes when compared to those in the WLC. These improvements are expected to be maintained at the 3-month follow-up.

Discussion

The findings from this study will advance the knowledge regarding the effects of HIIT and lifestyle education on key outcomes for an at-risk chronic disease population. Furthermore, the findings can be used to inform future programs to improve fitness and physical and mental health outcomes for people with celiac disease.
Pilgrimage, Tourism and Leisure: A Tribute to Ishwar Modi
Authors: Srivastava Vinay Kumar
Published: June 2019

This article written in honour of Ishwar Modi, a renowned teacher of sociology at the University of Rajasthan, explores the relationship between three concepts—pilgrimage, tourism and leisure. Although these categories may be seen as overlapping, and an individual may consider his pilgrimage as an example of touring the unknown lands with an objective to have leisure, in theoretical terms, each one of them has its own defining properties. If religious submission is central to pilgrimage, tourism and leisure may be viewed as non-religious pursuits, although certain types of tourism may be religious as well. In fact, the idea of religious tourism may be taken up for defining pilgrimage. Pilgrimage is not a secular practice, notwithstanding the loose use of this term by an individual.
Genetic Diversity and Affinity Among Five Tibeto-Burman Tribal Populations of Northern India: A Study on Eight Alu Markers
Authors: Venugopal Pulamaghatta N. , Rawat Bimal , Shantanu Kumar , Mukherjee Koel , Alam Abrar , Pawar Shafali , Harashawaradhana
Published: June 2019

The study attempts to ascertain an analysis of eight Arthrobacter luteus (Alu) insertion loci (ACE, TPA25, PV92, HS4.32, FXIIIB, D1, A25, B65) carried out in five tribal populations (Raji, Buxa, Jaunsari, Tharu and Bhotia) of Uttarakhand, Northern India. Total genomic DNA was extracted and amplification of genomic DNA by PCR analysis was carried out to examine the distribution of Alu (+) and Alu (–) genotypes from eight Alu loci. Genetic distance, genetic identity, pairwise Fst values and corresponding p values were computed between each pair of populations through analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for each Alu loci. The populations exhibited high levels of intra population variations and low levels of inter population differentiation with the average Fst value of inter population being 0.05896, which was expected to be more as the Fst value of intra population was 0.06780. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the neighbour-joining (NJ) method and multidimensional (MDS) plot to trace out the genetic affinity between populations. The present data showed that Raji and Buxa community were an ancestral population and Jaunsari, Tharu and Bhotia were diverged latter from Buxa community. The present study is an effort to generate a basic gene frequency distribution data at eight polymorphic Alu loci among five autochthonous groups of Uttarakhand.
Agents of the Godlings: An Ethnographic Account of Folk Hinduism in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Chophy G. Kanato
Published: June 2019

This article gives an ethnographic account of a folk Hindu belief surrounding a popular village deity in Junga, a tehsil in Shimla district in rural Himachal Pradesh. A complex sociocultural relationship involving a village deity, a symbolic princely state, religious specialists and devotees is analysed. The article argues that a supernatural being or a deity that appeals to the masses is marked by its accessibility and tangibility, which instils deep faith in devotees and makes supernatural a part of mundane life, and not only confined to the realm of the sacred, and this characteristic feature found in a village deity cult lends ebullience to folk Hinduism.
Fever as the Sole Presentation of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Near Miss
Authors: Poudel Pooja , Swe Thein , Wiilliams Michael , Bonilla Eduardo
Published: June 2019

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) presenting solely as fever is very rare. Usually, it manifests with typical features such as visual problems, headache, jaw claudication, or it can be associated with polymyalgia rheumatica. We present a case of a patient with GCA who presented only with prolonged fever. The cause of fever could not be initially identified in spite of a comprehensive workup. The patient was started on steroids for presumed GCA resulting in the resolution of fever. It is of paramount importance to consider GCA in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. Early diagnosis with effective treatment is crucial since the mortality rate remains high for untreated cases.
Cultural Adaptation of 2 Evidence-Based Alcohol Interventions for Antiretroviral Treatment Clinic Patients in Vietnam
Authors: Hutton Heidi Elizabeth , Lancaster Kathryn Elizabeth , Zuskov Diana , Mai Nguyen Vu Tuyet , Quynh Bui Xuan , Chander Geetanjali , Latkin Carl Asher , The Vu Pham , Sripaipan Teerada , Ha Tran Viet , Go Vivian Fei-Ling
Published: June 2019

In Vietnam where alcohol use is culturally normative and little treatment is available, persons living with HIV (PLWH) who consume alcohol at unhealthy levels are at greatly increased risk for negative health outcomes. We describe the first systematic adaptation of 2 evidence-based alcohol interventions for use in Vietnam: a combined motivational enhancement therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy and a brief alcohol intervention. Using the situated information, motivation and behavioral skills model, and systematic procedures for tailoring evidence-based treatments, we identified core intervention content to be preserved and key characteristics to be tailored for relevance to the clinical setting. We describe the use of in-depth interviews with antiretroviral treatment clients and providers, expert input, and counselor training procedures to develop tailored manuals for counselors and clients. Adapting evidence-based alcohol treatments for global settings is facilitated by the use of a model of behavior change and systematic procedures to operationalize the approach.
Patients Undergoing Shoulder Stabilization Procedures Do Not Accurately Recall Their Preoperative Symptoms at Short- to Midterm Follow-up
Authors: Hope Danielle , French Jacqui , Pizzari Tania , Hoy Greg , Barwood Shane
Published: June 2019

Background:

A patient’s ability to recall symptoms is poor in some elderly populations, but we considered that the recall of younger patients may be more accurate. The accuracy of recall in younger patients after surgery has not been reported to date.

Purpose:

To assess younger patients’ abilities to recall their preoperative symptoms after having undergone shoulder stabilization surgery. We used 2 disease-specific, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)—the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and the Melbourne Instability Shoulder Score (MISS)—at a period of up to 2 years postoperatively.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Participants (N = 119) were stratified into 2 groups: early recall (at 6-8 months postoperatively; n = 58) and late recall (at 9-24 months postoperatively; n = 61). All patients completed the PROMs with instructions to recall preoperative function. The mean and absolute differences between the preoperative scores and recalled scores for each PROM were compared using paired t tests. Correlations between the actual and recalled scores of the subsections for each PROM were calculated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The number of individuals who recalled within the minimal detectable change (MDC) of each PROM was calculated.

Results:

Comparison between the means of the actual and recalled preoperative scores for both groups did not demonstrate significant differences (early recall differences, MISS 1.05 and WOSI –38.64; late recall differences, MISS –0.25 and WOSI –24.02). Evaluation of the absolute difference, however, revealed a significant difference between actual and recalled scores for both the late and early groups (early recall absolute differences, MISS 12.26 and WOSI 216.71; late recall absolute differences, MISS 12.84 and WOSI 290.08). Average absolute differences were above the MDC scores of both PROMs at both time points. Subsections of each PROM demonstrated weak to moderate correlations between actual and recalled scores (ICC range, 0.17-0.61). Total scores for the PROMs reached moderate agreement between actual and recalled scores.

Conclusion:

Individual recall after shoulder instability surgery was not accurate. However, the mean recalled PROM scores of each group were not significantly different from the actual scores collected preoperatively, and recall did not deteriorate significantly over 2 years. This suggests that recall of the individual, even in this younger group, cannot be considered accurate for research purposes.
Multiple Magnets Ingestion Followed by Intestinal Fistula With Mild Symptoms
Authors: Miyamoto Ryosuke , Okuda Masumi , Kaneko Kenitiro , Numoto Shingo , Okumura Akihisa
Published: June 2019

A healthy 3-year-old boy visited our hospital because of abdominal pain and vomiting, and abdominal X-ray revealed a 10 mm non-sharp foreign body in the lower abdomen. No one had witnessed accidental ingestion. Abdominal symptoms were mild. We followed-up with abdominal X-rays, but the foreign matter did not move. His grandfather remembered that he was playing with a posting magnet. Thus, the foreign matter was considered to be multiple magnets. No foreign body was excreted by laxative administration. There was no foreign matter revealed even by the colonoscopy. Because a fistula was found in the ileum, it was diagnosed as gastrointestinal perforation. Three magnets adhered from inside the fistula were removed by emergency laparotomy surgery. The final diagnosis was ileal sigmoid fistula due to damage of the mucous membrane sandwiched between the magnets. Multiple magnet ingestion often causes gastrointestinal injury. Even if the symptoms are mild, it should be removed promptly.