bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Behavioural Model-Guided Nutritional Counselling on Old Age People’s Nutritional Status: A Quasi-Experimental Study Design
Authors: Muhye Ahmed , Fentahun Netsanet
Published: March 2023

Background: Physiological, pathological, and socioeconomic changes occur in older people that could influence their dietary intake, efficiency of nutrient utilization, and nutritional status. Impaired nutritional status aggravates existing disease conditions and worsens their health problems. Appropriate nutrition assessment followed by timely intervention and regular follow-up improves the nutritional status and health outcomes of older people, which are lacking in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to estimate the effect of behavioural model-guided nutritional counselling on older people’s nutritional status in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods: A single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was conducted on 293 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above from January 28 to May 26, 2022. Trained nurses provided nutritional counseling guided by the health belief model and the theory of the behavioural model. The intervention was through home-to-home visits once a week for one month, with a two-month follow-up. Nutritional status, nutritional knowledge, dietary intake, body weight, and body mass index were measured. All measurements were recorded on a pre-post schedule, and the changes in outcomes were measured using a paired T-test.
Results: About 34(12.5%) and 21(9.6%) of the study participants were malnourished, while only 87(32.1%) and 76 (34.7%) were normal before and after the intervention, respectively. The mean score of nutritional status significantly increased from 21.55 ± 3.72 before the nutritional intervention to 21.64 ± 4.12 after the intervention (x̄ = -0.30, t218 = -2.72, 95% CI: -0.52- (-0.83), p = 0.007). While, mean body weight and the body mass index did not change after the intervention’s adoption.
The mean nutrition knowledge score rose from 7.58 ± 1.05 to 11.61 ± 1.37 (x̄ = 3.98, t218 = -32.79, 95% CI: -4.21-(-3.73), p < 0.001). Furthermore, the consumption of dairy products, fruits, and meat or egg intake increased after the intervention (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Behavioural model-guided nutritional counseling improved the nutritional status of community-dwelling older people. A participant-centered nutritional programme recommended improving the health of community-dwelling older people.
Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registration-URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier number: NCT04746664, first released 10/02/2021.
Degradation and bioconversion of complex municipal solid waste streams into human biotherapeutics and biopolymers
Authors: Gonzalez Guadalupe Alvarez , Chacόn Micaela , Berepiki Adokiye , Fisher Karl , Dixon Neil
Published: March 2023

Linear consumption models in combination with the poor waste management results in negative impact upon the climate and environment. Here we show an advanced biorefinery concept to produce biopolymers and recombinant therapeutic proteins from municipal solid waste. Careful selection and metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida was employed to permit efficient co-utilisation of complex, heterogenous substrate compositions derived from the most abundant municipal solid waste fractions. Enzymatic pre-treatment of the feedstock was performed, which afforded sufficient carbon for growth and bio-production of value-added products. Unlike current waste processing methods and supply of feedstocks for bio-based manufacturing, this biorefinery concept re-directs the carbon away from direct emissions and creates a land-use negative feedstock ideal for advanced biomanufacturing. We envisage this demonstration will lead to the creation of circular consumption solutions for waste and bio-production of a range of chemicals and materials in future resource finite scenarios.
Efficacy of Gaseous Ozone Therapy as an adjuvant to Periodontal Treatment on Oxidative Stress Mediators in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rapone Biagio , Ferrara Elisabetta , Qorri Erda , Inchingolo Francesco , Isola Gaetano , Dongiovanni Paola , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino , Scarano Antonio
Published: March 2023

Background

Chronic inflammation and cumulative oxidative stress have been theorized as two common pathways of the interconnection between periodontitis and diabetes. Improvement in oxidizing status has been demonstrated in periodontal patients with diabetes treated with proper non-surgical periodontal treatment. In addition to periodontal treatment, Gaseous ozone therapy has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to stimulate the endogenous antioxidant defence mechanism. To date, the antioxidant effect of gaseous ozone, in addition with periodontal treatment in diabetic patients, has been examined in only one study. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of gaseous ozone therapy as an alternative approach to supporting non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), aimed at improving antioxidant machinery and interfering with ROS production on plasma levels in diabetic individuals diagnosed with moderate or severe periodontitis.

Methods

One hundred and eighty patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) plus gaseous ozone therapy (A) NSPT alone (B). Clinical and periodontal parameters and plasma levels of oxidant-antioxidant (TOS-TAS) levels, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded at baseline and at 3- (T1) and at 6-months (T2) after treatment.

Results

Both treatments were efficacious in reducing clinical parameters. However, there were no significant differences regarding oxidative stress parameters in group A compared to group B, and the levels of TOS and TAS (p > 0.001) were registered.

Conclusions

In the present study, gaseous ozone therapy did not enhance the effect of periodontal treatment in reducing oxidative stress in plasma levels of periodontitis patients with type II diabetes.
Trial registration: The study was registered with ISRCTN1728169 (23/07/2022).
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the management of gynaecological cancer: a Spanish survey.
Authors: Gracia Myriam , Rodríguez Elena , Diestro María Dolores , Spagnolo Emanuela , García Virginia , Siegrist Jaime , Pérez Yolanda , Zapardiel Ignacio , Hernández Alicia
Published: March 2023

Background: During the SARS-cov2 pandemic, to evaluate if the clinical protocols in gynecology oncology assistance were changed and, to assess the perception for the management of these disease in the surgeon.
Methods: The data were collected by an anonymous and voluntary survey which was sent via email to professionals dedicated to the field of gynaecological oncology in Spain.
Results: A total of 75 professionals completed the online survey, 93.2% reported working in a public hospital and 62.5% in a tertiary level hospital. 97.3% belonged to hospitals treating patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. An 85.1% of respondents showed concern about the SARS-CoV2 pandemic and 52.1% indicated the pandemic influenced the diagnostic and therapeutic quality of oncologic patients. SARS-CoV2 PCR on nasopharyngeal exudate was always performed before surgical interventions by 97.3%, being considered best triage method by 94.4%. An 87.5% reported no change in the type of surgical approach during the pandemic. Limitations in accessing special protective equipment against SARS-CoV2 were found by 62.5%. An impact on the follow-up of patients with gynaecological cancers due to pandemic was referred by a 70.4%.
Conclusions: Most of Spanish gynecologist oncologist reported that COVD 19 pandemic has affected their clinical practice. The major measures implemented were an increase of telemedicine, a decrease the visits to high-risk or symptomatic patients and the use of SARS-CoV2 screening prior to surgery.
The effect of combined training and resveratrol supplementation on serum levels of adropin, vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide, and gene expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and angiostatin in myocardial infarction rats
Authors: Ghasemi Fatemeh , Namjoo Mohadeseh , ashabi Fatemeh , Niknejad Negin , Ebrahimi Mohammadamin , Khatib Ali , Tezerji Sajjad , Moradabadi Mohammad Moradiani
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The aim of current study was evaluating the effect of exercise training and resveratrol supplementation on serum levels of adropin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), and gene expression of angiostatin and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in myocardial infarction rats
Methods: 40 male Wistar rats four weeks after cardiac infarction were randomly divided into four groups: 1: control group (C-MI, n=10) 2: resveratrol group (Res-MI, n=10) 3: exercise group (Ex+MI, n=10) and 4: exercise group with resveratrol supplement (Ex+Res, n=10) were divided. The Ex+MI group and the Ex+Res group performed running on a treadmill for 10 weeks (5 sessions per week and each session lasting 50 minutes at a speed of 17 meters per minute). The serum levels of adropin, VEGF and NO were measured by ELISA method and expression of angiostatin and FGF-2 genes were measured by Real Time-PCR. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was done using the one-way analysis of variance test.
Results: The findings of the present study showed that the level of NO, VEGF and adropin in EX+Res, Ex+MI and Res+Mi groups were significantly different from C-MI. Also, the difference between Ex+Res and other groups was significant. In terms of gene expression, the highest expression of FGF-2 was in the Ex+Res group and then in the Ex+MI group, and there was a significant difference between the level of Ex+Res and the Res-MI group. Also, the lowest angiotensin gene expression was in the Ex+Res and Ex+MI groups, which showed a significant difference compared to the other two groups.
Conclusion: Ten weeks of aerobic exercise training and resveratrol supplementation lead to increase the levels of VEGF, adropin, NO as well as the mRNA expression of FGF-2 and decrease the levels of angiostatin in MI rat’s model.
The effect of simultaneous intravitreal Ranibizumab and intravitreal extended-release dexamethasone injection on patients with naïve versus refractory retinal vein occlusion macular edema: prospective, single-center, interventional, and open-label study
Authors: Sun Yaoyao , Meng Jie , Li Shanshan , Zhao Mingwei , Qi Huijun
Published: March 2023

Background

The efficacy of concurrent intravitreal Ranibizumab (IVR) and extended-release dexamethasone injections (Dex-I) in patients with naïve and refractory retinal vein occlusion macular edema (RVO-ME) was not well investigated previously.

Methods

This was a prospective, interventional, and open-label case series design. There were two groups: naïve and refractory patients (received ≥ 5 times of previous IVR within one year prior to enrollment) enrolled. Patients received IVR and Dex-I concurrently. IVR and Dex-I were given PRN. The mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured as main outcome.

Results

63 patients (63 eyes) completed the entire follow-up (31 naïve and 32 refractory patients). At month 12, the change in BCVA was greater in the naïve group than in the refractory group (19.67 ± 11.7 (95%CI: 15.03,24.31) letters vs. 11.74 ± 11.18 (95%CI:7.32,16.16) letters, P = 0.014). There was no difference between the two groups of mean macular thickness reduction. (364.26 ± 215.29 (95%CI: 279.09,449.43)µm v.s. 410.19 ± 204.34 (95%CI: 329.35,491.02)µm, P = 0.43). The mean co-injection numbers were 2.52 ± 0.58 (95%CI:2.29,2.75) and 2.33 ± 0.55(95%CI:2.11,2.55) in both groups (P = 0.24). The retreatment interval was 115.81 ± 13.79 (95%CI: 110.36,121.27) days and 122.74 ± 14.06(95%CI: 119.93,133.56) days in both groups (P = 0.073). There was no significant difference in the incidence of glaucoma or the progression of cataracts between the two groups.

Conclusion

In both naïve and refractory RVO-ME patients, IVR combined with Dex-I was effective. The initial combination therapy for naïve patients demonstrated more efficient improvement in BCVA and may reduce total injection numbers.
Trial registration: this study was registered with the identifier ChiCTR-INR-17011877 at https://www.chictr.org.cn/
Survey of Australian primary eyecare management of choroidal naevus patients
Authors: Trang Thi Minh , Tang Erin , Challinor Kirsten , Jalbert Isabelle , Madigan Michele , Conway R. Max
Published: March 2023

Background: Choroidal naevus is a benign, relatively common ocular tumour. Discerning common naevi from rare primary eye melanoma and managing these patients using an evidence-based approach remains an ongoing clinical challenge. We surveyed primary eyecare practitioners on their current management and use of imaging for choroidal naevus patients.
Methods: A random sample of 1,130 optometrists and ophthalmologists registered to practice in Australia were surveyed using a purpose-designed questionnaire containing demographics, imaging techniques used, and knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P) questions.
Results: 93 optometrists and 82 ophthalmologists responded. More than 50% practised independently, most in metropolitan centres (n=113/175). Imaging techniques were often used to detect and monitor choroidal naevus, with 72% of practitioners using optical coherence tomography and colour fundus photography. KAP scores indicated moderate knowledge (mean=5.2/9, SD=1.8). Recent mnemonics for risk of naevus-to-melanoma transformation were underutilised being used by less than 50% of practitioners. Scores indicated very positive attitude (mean=6.5/8, SD=1.2) but moderate practice (mean=13.9/25, SD=2.9) in this area. A significant difference between optometrists and ophthalmologists was found for knowledge, but not attitude or practice scores. Choroid naevus patients were referred to a specialist ophthalmologist by a third of all practitioners.
Conclusion: Many eyecare practitioners utilised several imaging techniques to detect and monitor choroidal naevi. Gaps in knowledge were found associated with choroidal naevus growth. Findings align with recent studies highlighting eyecare pathways for choroidal naevus patients that provide diligent screening and review, timely referral for signs of potential melanoma-related risk, and that encourage multi-disciplinary care.
Complications of Preventive Loop Ileostomy versus Colostomy: A Meta-Analysis, Trial Sequential Analysis, and Systematic Review
Authors: Ge Zheng , Zhao Xiang , Liu Zitian , Yang Guangwei , Wu Qunzheng , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhang Xiang , Cheng Zhiqiang , Wang Kexin
Published: March 2023

Background

Preventive colostomy is required for colorectal surgery, and the incidence of complications associated with ileostomy and colostomy remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative complications between ileostomy and colostomy procedures.

Methods

Data analysis was conducted on 30 studies, and meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were performed on five studies. The basic indicators, such as stoma prolapse, leak, wound infection, ileus, and a series of other indicators, were compared.

Results

No statistically significant differences were observed with complications other than stoma prolapse. Meta-analysis and TSA showed that the incidence of ileostomy prolapse was lower than that of colostomy prolapse, and the difference was statistically significant. Apart from the four complications listed above, the general data analysis showed differences in incidence between the two groups. The incidence of skin irritation, parastomal hernia, dehydration, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections was higher with ileostomy than with colostomy. In contrast, the incidence of parastomal fistula, stenosis, hemorrhage, and enterocutaneous fistula was higher with colostomy than with ileostomy.

Conclusions

There were differences in the incidence of ileostomy and colostomy complications in the selected studies, with a low incidence of ileostomy prolapse.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022303133
Exploring the Acceptance and Perceptions of Herbal Medicine among the General Public in Pakistan: A Societal Perspective
Authors: Khan Soha , Khan Roha , Osama Muhammad , Muhammad Iyad Naeem , Iqbal Sarmad
Published: March 2023

Background:Herbal medicine has been widely used as an alternative or complementary form of treatment in many countries, including Pakistan.The objective of this study was to assess the perception and usage of herbal medicine among the general population of Pakistan with different educational backgrounds.Method:An online descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January 2023 to 15th January 2023 through electronic media channels. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to gauge the most common disorders occurring in the population and the most common herbal medicines used by the population.Results:Out of 273 participants, 43.75% were male and 56.25% were female, with 78% belonging to the age group of 18-29 Years. Over 60% of the respondents have used herbal medicines in the last 6 months, with most of them using herbal medicine for 1 week. The most common source of medical information was from family and internet sources. Nearly half of the participants did not feel the need to inform their physician regarding their usage of herbal medicine, and most of the population perceived that herbal medicines are safer and more economical compared to pharmaceutical medicines.Conclusion:The study results showed that the population of Pakistan has a neutral to positive perception of herbal medicine, with most of them believing that herbal medicines are safe, economical, and have a beneficial effect on their health. Further research is needed to assess the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine in the population of Pakistan.
The Educational Value of ward rounds as learning and teaching opportunity for Medical students at sinnar university faculty of medicine
Authors: alteib mogahid alteib yousif , Ahmed Fadi M. Toum , MOHAMMED AHMED BABIKER ELTAYP , BALLA SAMER MOHAMMED AHMED , DIAB DANIA ABDALLA HASSAN , SAIFALDEEN MONZER MOHAMMED ALMAHDI ALI , FADLALLAH KHALID ALI MUSTAFA , ELDAI YASIR AHMED ISMAIL , MOHAMMED OSMAN ASIM BABKER , BALLA ESRAA MOHAMMED AHMED , MOHAMEDELNOUR MOHAMED ELBADAWI ELSHAIKH , ELTERAIFI AYA MORTADA AWADELKARIM , SULIMAN AHMED ALMAHI MOHAMED , BALLA AHMED MOHAMMED AHMED , AHMED ELBASIL NASERELDIN YOUSIF
Published: March 2023

Since they were first recorded in 1660, ward rounds have been a useful resource for medical education for both students and teachers. It has become vital to continue making efforts to enhance the educational value of ward rounds as a result of the deployment of innovative educational methodologies over the past several years, such as the clinical skills lab, small group vacillated session, and problem-based learning. The Sudan has never carried out a research of this nature before. As medical students at Sinnar University strive to do better, it also offers a framework for productive rounds and common difficulties they encounter. To gather information from all medical students who have attended rounds, a survey was done utilizing a Google form. Ninety-three percent of medical students strongly agree or agree that "ward rounds have been an excellent chance for clinical examination, ninety-one present for history collection." The biggest challenges are a lack of time and the ward atmosphere. The most crucial elements of a good round When it comes to physicians, students choose a professor who is enthusiastic about teaching, gives them the chance to practice, lets them interact with patients, asks good questions, and provides adequate feedback. Word-round contuse could serve as a crucial instrument in medical education.
Self-reported versus administrative data records: implications for assessing healthcare resource utilization of mental disorders
Authors: Garcia Tarcyane Barata , Kliemt Roman , Claus Franziska , Neumann Anne , Soltmann Bettina , Baum Fabian , Schwarz Julian , Swart Enno , Schmitt Jochen , Pfennig Andrea , Häckl Dennis , Weinhold Ines
Published: March 2023

Background: Data on resourceuse are frequently required for health economic evaluation. Studies on health care utilization in individuals with mental disorders have analyzed both self-reports and administrative data, each of which with strengths and limitations. Source of data may affect the quality of cost analysis and compromise the accuracy of results. We sought to ascertain the degree of agreement between self-reports and statutory health insurance (SHI) fund claims data from patients with mental disorders to aid in the selection of data collection methods.
Methods:Claims data from six German SHI and self-reported data were obtained along with a cost-effectiveness analysis performed as a part of a controlled prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in 18 psychiatric hospitals in Germany (PsychCare), including patients with pre-defined common and/or severe psychiatric disorders. Self-reported data were collected using the German adaption of the Client Sociodemographic and Service Receipt Inventory (CSSRI-D) questionnaire with a 6-month recall period. Data linkage was performed using a unique pseudonymized identifier. Healthcare utilization (HCU) was calculated for inpatient and outpatient care, day-care services, home treatment, and pharmaceuticals. Concordance was measured using Cohen’s Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient. Regression approaches were used to investigate the effect of independent variables on the dichotomous and quantitative agreements.
Results: In total 274 participants (mean age 47.8 [SD = 14.2] years; 47.08% women) were included in the analysis. Kappa values were 0.03 for outpatient contacts, 0.25 for medication use, 0.56 for inpatient days and 0.67 for day-care services. There was varied quantitative agreement between data sources, with the poorest agreement for outpatient care (ICC [95% CI] = 0.22 [0.10-0.33]) and the best for psychiatric day-care services (ICC [95% CI] = 0.72 [0.66-0.78]). Marital status and time since first treatment positively affected the chance of agreement on any use of outpatient services.
Conclusions: Concordance between administrative records and patient self-reports was fair to moderate for most of the healthcare services analyzed. Health economic studies should consider using linked or at least different data sources to estimate HCU or focus the primary data-based surveys in specific utilization areas, where unbiased information can be expected.
[MoS] Insertion Chains Induced Small-Polaron Collapse in MoS2 2D Layers: A Novel Mo2S3 Anode for Ultrafast Sodium Storage
Authors: Lv Zhuoran , Zhao Chendong , Xie Miao , Cai Mingzhi , Peng Baixin , Ren Dayong , Fang Yuqiang , Dong Wujie , Zhao Wei , Lin Tianquan , Lv Ximeng , Zheng Gengfeng , Huang Fuqiang
Published: March 2023

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with high theoretical capacity has been viewed as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries, but suffers from inferior rate capability owing to the polaron-induced slow charge transfer. Herein, we proposed a polaron collapse strategy induced by electron-rich insertions to effectively solve the above issue. Specifically, 1D [MoS] chains are inserted into MoS2 to break the symmetry states of 2D layers and induce small-polaron collapse to gain fast charge transfer, so that the as-obtained thermodynamically stable Mo2S3 shows metallic behavior with 107 times larger electrical conductivity than that of MoS2. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that Mo2S3 owns highly delocalized anions, which substantially reduces the interactions of Na − S to efficiently accelerate Na+ diffusion, endowing Mo2S3 lower energy barrier (0.38 vs 0.65 eV of MoS2). The novel Mo2S3 anode exhibits a high capacity of 510 mAh g− 1 at 0.5 C and a superior high-rate stability of 217 mAh g− 1 at 40 C over 15000 cycles. Further in situ and ex situ characterizations reveal the in-depth reversible redox chemistry in Mo2S3. The proposed polaron collapse strategy for intrinsically facilitating charge transfer could be conducive to electrode design for fast-charging batteries.
An improved multi-source information fusion method for IMU compensation of missile
Authors: Shi Chunfeng , Chen Xiyuan , Wang Junwei
Published: March 2023

The conventional SINS/CNS integrated navigation system equipped on ballistic missiles is typically equipped with attitude measurement, which can only effectively estimate the gyro drift and has no effect on accelerometer bias. To address the issue, an improved multi-source information fusion method containing a new nonlinear framework called SINS/RKCNS with the indirect horizon reference and kinematic constraint is proposed, and a MAP-based modified iterated CKF (MICKF) is involved to increase positioning accuracy and system robustness. Furthermore, to eliminate the influence of correlated noise, state augmentation is employed in the iterative process. Eventually, experiments are conducted to evaluate ballistic missile performance. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Novel Robust Iterated CKF for GNSS/SINS Integrated Navigation Applications
Authors: Wang Junwei , Chen Xiyuan , Shi Chunfeng
Published: March 2023

In challenging circumstances, the estimation performance of integrated navigation parameters for tightly coupled GNSS/SINS is impacted by outlier measurements. An effective solution that employs a novel iterative sigma-point structure with a modified robustness optimization approach for enhancing the error compensation effectiveness and robustness of filters utilized in GNSS challenge conditions is proposed in this paper. The proposed method modifies the CKF scheme by incorporating nonlinear regression and numerous iteration processes for ameliorating error compensation. Subsequently, a loss function and penalty mechanism are implemented to enhance the filter's robustness to outlier measurements. Further, to fully absorb the valid information of the innovation and speed up the operation of the proposed method, the outlier measurement detection criteria is established to bypass the penalty mechanism against measurement weights in the absence of outliers in GNSS measurements. Field experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional methods in mitigating navigation errors when multipath errors and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) reception are increased.
Tonsillar histomorphometry in IgA nephropathy: a cross-sectional study of correlations between clinical and renal histopathological findings
Authors: Ueda Hiroyuki , Joh Kensuke , Ueda Yoshimi , Marumoto Hirokazu , Isaka Nao , Tsuboi Nobuo , Kojima Hiromi , Miyazaki Yoichi , Yokoo Takashi , Okabe Masahiro
Published: March 2023

There is insufficient evidence to confirm the involvement of tonsillar immune disorders in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). This cross-sectional study investigated the association between histological changes in the palatine tonsil, its clinical presentation, and renal histopathological findings in IgAN. Eighty-seven patients with IgAN who underwent tonsillectomy within one year of undergoing renal biopsy were compared with 27 age-matched patients with recurrent tonsillitis (RT). The mean lymphoid follicle and germinal center sizes in patients with IgAN were significantly smaller than in those with RT (P < 0.001). The relative areas of lymphoid follicles (%LFA) and germinal centers in the total tonsillar tissue were smaller in IgAN than in RT (P < 0.001). The mean interfollicular area was larger in patients with IgAN than those with RT. Crypt epithelia in IgAN showed more expanded non-reticular areas lacking lymphoepithelial symbiosis than those observed in RT (P = 0.003). Lower %LFA was associated with higher urinary protein excretion (P = 0.01) and a longer period from the onset of urinary abnormalities to renal biopsy. A lower %LFA was associated with S and C lesions in the Oxford classification. The frequency of glomeruli with sclerotic lesions showed a close inverse correlation with %LFA (ρ = -0.46, P < 0.001). Reduced size of lymphoid follicles and germinal centers, enlarged interfollicular areas, and expanded non-reticular crypt epithelia in the palatine tonsils were prominent IgAN features. Reduced %LFA showed a significant correlation with IgAN renal histopathological severity, supporting the concept of accelerated involution of secondary lymphoid follicles during IgAN progression.
Searching for Ultralight Dark Matter Conversion in Solar Corona using LOFAR Data
Authors: An Haipeng , Chen Xingyao , Ge Shuailiang , Liu Jia , Luo Yan
Published: March 2023

Ultralight axions and dark photons are well-motivated dark matter (DM) candidates. The axion DM and dark photon DM (DPDM) can resonantly convert into electromagnetic (EM) waves in the solar corona when their mass is equal to the solar plasma frequency. The resultant EM waves are mono-chromatic in the radio-frequency range with an energy equal to the DM mass, which can be detected via radio telescopes for solar observations. We search for converted mono-chromatic signals in the observational data of the high-sensitivity Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) telescope. We find the upper limit on the kinetic mixing coupling between DPDM and photon can reach $10^{-13}$ in the frequency range $30-80$~MHz, which is about one order of magnitude better than the existing constraint from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) observation. In addition, we also get the upper limit on the axion-photon coupling in the same frequency range, which is better than the constraints from Light-Shining-through-a-Wall experiments but does not exceed the CAST or other astrophysical bounds.
Attendance of health screening among Roma and non-Roma women in three Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Mózes Noémi , Takács Johanna , Feith Helga Judit
Published: March 2023

The Roma populations in Central and Eastern Europe are two to three times more likely to have unmet health needs compared to non-Roma residents. The aim of the present study was to examine differences in the frequency of health screening between Roma and non-Roma women in Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, in addition to searching for factors influencing attendance at health screenings among both populations. Roma women reported a higher importance of attendance at health screening (M = 4.22, SD = 1.05) than non-Roma women (M = 3.57, SD = 1.37) (t(439) = -5.676, p < 0.001, g = 0.52) in Romania. In Hungary and Slovakia, there was non-significant difference by ethnicity. Attendance at health screening and having health insurance revealed a statistically significant association in Romania (χ2(1,N=258) = 6.079, p = 0.019, Ф = 0.15) and Slovakia (χ2(1,N=146) = 20.350, p < 0.001, Ф = 0.37) among Roma women. Active lifestyle and attendance at a health screening showed a significant association among non-Roma women in Romania (χ2(1,N=183) = 6.344, p = 0.016, Ф = 0.19). It is important to bear in mind that the existence of health insurance is an important factor in ensuring that Roma people have screening. In addition, more information specifically targeting Roma is needed to make the Roma population aware of the benefits of screening programmes.
Analysis of Organophotocatalyst-Substrate Interactions for Understanding Triplet-Triplet Back Energy Transfer
Authors: Yunjeong Yunjeong , Woo Sihyun , Bae Jaehahn , You Youngmin , Cho Eun Jin
Published: March 2023

The excited energy levels of a photocatalyst (PC) and an organic substrate critically affect the feasibility of energy transfer (EnT) process. Despite having energy levels that are well-matched, the catalytic performance of the PC has not always been satisfactory, indicating there are other crucial factors that influence the catalytic efficiency and need to be considered. Finding additional critical factors can be challenging as negative factors often lead to unsuccessful reactions, making it difficult to conduct a thorough investigation. To address this challenge, we employed structurally similar indole-fused polycyclic complexes as organoPCs, which were developed by our laboratory for the study. Herein, we describe a binding interaction effect between a PC and a substrate for controlling the catalytic efficiency in an EnT-mediated DeMayo-type [2 + 2] cycloaddition process. A series of photophysical and computational investigations showed that the strong binding interaction of the PC with the substrate promotes the back triplet–triplet EnT process competently and thus deactivates the productive radical transformations. This finding provides an understanding of the inner-workings of EnT process, and will guide the rational design of new EnT processes. Furthermore, the excellent photocatalytic properties of the newly synthesized pentacyclic organoPC offer tremendous potential for applications in other photocatalytic reactions.
COL1A1 may be associated with lambing traits in goats by regulating the biological function of ovarian granulosa cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Zhou Mingshuai , Zhao Jiafu , Chen Xiang , Ao Zheng , Tian Xingzhou , Wen Xiaoyan , Lu Qingmei , Liu Bin , Yang Yang , Yuan Chao
Published: March 2023

Collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), an important component of type I collagen protein, plays a role in regulating follicle development and ovarian cell proliferation, which is closely related to animal reproductive traits. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the expression of COL1A1 and lambing traits of Guizhou black goats (Capra hircus), and regulatory mechanisms in follicle development. Results showed that the protein expression level of COL1A1 in ovarian tissues of the polytocous group were higher than those of the monotocous group, and COL1A1 was expressed in all follicles and ovarian cells. Upregulation of COL1A1 significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration and the development of cells from G1 to G2/M phase, reduced intracellular ROS levels. Additionally, COL1A1 overexpression resulted in significantly increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the ratios of p-PI3K (phosphorylation-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/PI3K, p-AKT (phosphorylation-protein kinase B)/AKT and p-mTOR (phosphorylation-mammalian target of rapamycin) /mTOR, and decreased expression of BCL2-Associated X (BAX), caspase-3 and caspase-9. The reverse result, however, was seen when COL1A1 expression was downregulated in granulosa cells. Taken together, COL1A1 was widely and highly expressed in ovarian tissues of polytocous goats, and it may participate in regulations of lambing traits by regulating the proliferation and migration of granulosa cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and reducing ROS production in granulosa cells to facilitate the development and maturation of follicle.
Impact of preoperative CA19-9 and histology grade on prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its value in TNM stage
Authors: Chang Shaofei , Liu Yaohua , Liang Yuexiang , Man Quan , Li Haorui , Guo Yu , Zhao Tiansuo
Published: March 2023

Preoperative serum CA19-9 and histology grade could show the biological characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aims to explore the combined effect of preoperative CA19-9 and histology grade on the prognosis of patients with PDAC. A total of 612 patients with PDAC undergoing curative pancreatectomy were retrospectively enrolled. 360 (58.8%) patients had preoperative CA19-9 > 112 U/ml and 348 (56.9%) patients had high histology grade. A biological risk model was established based on preoperative CA19-9 and histology grade. Prognostic analysis showed that biological risk based on preoperative CA19-9 and histology grade was independently associated with survival of PDAC patients. Then the biological risk was incorporated into the eighth edition of the TNM staging system and a modified TNM (mTNM) staging system was developed. The ROC curves showed that the area under curve(AUC) of the mTNM staging system was significantly greater than that of the TNM staging system. Biological risk based on preoperative CA19-9 and histology grade was an independent prognostic factor for patients with PDAC. Incorporating the biological risk into the TNM staging system could improve the the accuracy of the TNM staging system in predicting prognosis of patients with PDAC.
Quantitative analysis of defect states in InGaZnO within 2 eV below the conduction band via photo-induced current transient spectroscopy
Authors: Hong Hyunmin , Kim Min Jung , Yi Dong-Joon , Moon Yeon-Keon , Son Kyoung-Seok , Lim Jun Hyung , Jeong KwangSik , Chung Kwun-Bum
Published: March 2023

This work investigates the function of the oxygen partial pressure in photo-induced current measurement of extended defect properties related to the distribution and quantity of defect states in electronic structures. The Fermi level was adjusted by applying a negative gate bias in the TFT structure, and the measurable range of activation energy was extended to < 2.0 eV. Calculations based on density functional theory are used to investigate the changes in defect characteristics and the role of defects at shallow and deep levels as a function of oxygen partial pressure. Device characteristics, such as mobility and threshold voltage shift under a negative gate bias, showed a linear correlation with the ratio of shallow level to deep level defect density. Shallow level and deep level defects are organically related, and both defects must be considered when understanding device characteristics.
Cognition and Attitudes of Hospice Care among Healthcare Providers: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Ling Meng , Chen Pengru , He Qiaoying , Long Yi , Cheng Lei , You Chuan
Published: March 2023

Background: Under the background of the increasing aging population and cancer burden in China, the role of hospice care has become increasingly prominent. The government has paid more attention to the development of hospice care and set up pilot hospitals to promote hospice care. Moreover, healthcare providers play a leading role in hospice care services. To improve the quality of hospice care, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China proposed to set up hospice care training bases in municipal or above-level hospitals with hospice care or relevant work foundations, and train healthcare providers on hospice care. This study aimed to investigate the current situation of cognition and attitudes about hospice care among healthcare providers and provide a theoretical basis for hospital training.
Methods: We used a quantitative design. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1591 healthcare providers from August 2022 to November 2022. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data.
Results: As a significant way of continuing education for healthcare providers, hospital training hasn't been effectively exploited in hospice care education. The average score of hospice care knowledge among participants was (7.74±2.242) and the average score of hospice care attitudes among participants was (4.55±1.503). According to multivariate linear regression analysis, sex (P<0.001), education levels (P<0.001), and professional titles (P=0.002) of participants had significant difference on the score of hospice care knowledge; education levels (P=0.046) and professional titles (P=0.020) of participants had significant difference on the score of hospice care attitudes.
Conclusions: There were some misunderstandings about hospice care among healthcare providers and their attitudes toward hospice care were inactive. It's suggested that hospitals should carry out professional and systematic education courses to help healthcare providers understand hospice care correctly, and participate in hospice care services actively.
Mutation Status Analysis Of 58 Patients With Advanced ALK Fusion Gene Positive Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Yuan , Lu Baohua , Hu Mingming , Wang Qunhui , Jiang Mei , Zhang Tongmei , Liu Zhe
Published: March 2023

[Purpose] To analyze the characteristics and prognostic values of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) fusion gene partner, gene subtype and abundance in tumor tissues of advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients with positive ALK fusion gene and to explore the best treatment mode of ALK-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors(TKIs).
[Methods] Cases of advanced NSCLC patients with ALK positive confirmed by both Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and immunohistochemistry were retrospectively collected. The relationships of Overall Survival (OS)/Progression Free Survival (PFS) between different mutation subtypes, mutation abundance, clinicopathological features were analyzed. OS/PFS between different treatment mode of ALK inhibitors were compared.
[Results] Fifty-eight patients were enrolled. There were diverse fusion partners. Five subtypes of Echinoderm Microtubule-associated protein-Like 4 gene (EML4)-ALK fusion mutation were detected: V1,V2,V3,V5 and V7. The mutation abundance ranged from 0.13 to 27.77, with a median of 5.34. The abundance of V2 and V5 was higher than V1 and V3 respectively. There was no difference in OS between the low abundance group(≤5.34) and the high abundance group(＞5.34) (P=0.434). PFS of second-generation ALK inhibitors as first-line treatment was longer than that of Crizotinib as first-line (P < 0.001). Non-smokers had longer OS than smokers(P=0.001).
[Conclusions] There are differences in abundance between different fusion partners and subtypes in advanced NSCLC with positive ALK. OS is not associated with subtypes, mutation abundance and first line treatment option of either generation of ALK inhibitors. Smoking is a poor prognostic factor.
Applicability of the low-grade inflammation score in predicting 90-day functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhou Yang , Luo Yufan , Liang Huazheng , Zhong Ping , Wu Danhong
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose: The low-grade inflammation (LGI) score, a novel indicator of chronic LGI, combines C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte counts, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet (PLT) count,to predict outcomes of patients with various conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, few studies have examined the role of the LGI score in predicting functional outcomes of patients with ischemic stroke. Therefore, the present study was set to explore the potential of applying the LGI score at admission to predict outcomes of patients with ischemic stroke.
Methods: A total of 1,215 patients were screened in the present study, and 876 patients were finally included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Blood tests were carried out within 24 hours of admission. Severity of ischemic stroke was assessed using the NIHSS score with severe stroke denoted by NIHSS > 5. Early neurological deterioration (END) was defined as an increment in the total NIHSS score of ≥ 2 points within 7 days after admission. Patient outcomes were assessed at 90-days after stroke onset using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).
Results: The LGI score was positively correlated with baseline and one-week NIHSS scores(R2 = 0.119, p < 0.001;R2 = 0.123, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the LGI score was an independent predictor of stroke severity and END. In crude model, the LGI score in the fourth quartile was associated with a higher risk of poor outcomes at 90-day compared with the LGI score in the first quartile (OR= 5.02, 95% CI: 3.09-8.14, p for trend<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the LGI score in the fourth quartile was independently associated with poor outcomes at 90-day (OR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.47-4.76, p for trend=0.001). Finally, the ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.682 for poor outcomes at 90- day after stroke onset.
Conclusion: The LGI score is strongly correlated with the severity of acute ischemic stroke and that the LGI score is a good predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Ocular Inflammation: A Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Ren Shaojie , xu Manhong , Shi Wei , Chen Xin , Fan Ruiyan , Yu Zihao , Li Xiaorong
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To determine whether there is a causal effect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on ocular inflammation?
Design: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.
Methods: IBD-associated genetic instruments were derived from the largest genome-wide association studies published to date for IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn’s diseases (CD). FinnGen research project was used to identify genetic risk variants for conjunctivitis, keratitis, iridocyclitis, chorioretinitis, episcleritis, and optic neuritis. All participants were of European ancestry. Inverse-variance−weighted (IVW) was used as the primary outcome, while weighted median (WM) and MR-Egger were used to improve the estimation of IVW.
Results: A nominal causal effect of genetically predicted IBD on risk of conjunctivitis, keratitis, iridocyclitis, and optic neuritis, but not on chorioretinitis or episcleritis. After Bonferroni correction, the results showed that genetically predicted UC was significantly associated with an increased risk of iridocyclitis (IVW: OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10-1.24, P=2.54×10-7), CD was significantly associated with conjunctivitis (IVW: OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08, P=3.20×10-5), keratitis (IVW: OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09; P=1.13×10-3), and iridocyclitis (IVW: OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.14; P=1.43×10-4).
Conclusion: This study illustrates that IBD causally poses a risk of inflammation of conjunctival, cornea, iris-ciliary，and optic neuritis. Moreover, CD is more closely associated with the eye than UC. These implyed that the relationship of IBD and different parts of the eye structure were different, and provided novel evidence linking based on the association of the gut-eye axis.
Virus-response proteinuria underlies rapid changes in kidney filtration barrier function in COVID-19
Authors: Reiser Jochen , Wei Changli , Datta Prasun , Siegerist Florian , Li Jing , Sudhini Yashwanth , Koh Kwi , Kriho Nicholas , Ismail Anis , Luo Shengyuan , Fischer Tracy , Amber Kyle , Cimbaluk David , Landay Alan , Endlich Nicole , Rappaport Jay , Hayek Salim
Published: March 2023

In patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both proteinuria and high plasma levels of soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) are commonly observed. Here we show a new type of proteinuria originating as part of a viral response. Inoculation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused increased suPAR levels and glomerulopathy in African Green Monkeys. We developed a unique mouse model whereby inhaled variants of the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein elicited proteinuria with high levels of suPAR. This proteinuric response was prevented by either suPAR blockade or prior SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We demonstrate biophysical and functional differences of spike S1 protein between various SARS-CoV-2 variants and their binding to regulatory podocyte integrins. In a cohort of 1991 COVID-19 patients, suPAR levels exhibited a stepwise association with proteinuria in non-Omicron, but not in Omicron infections. These findings suggest that viral proteins may cause proteinuria by elevating plasma suPAR levels and co-activating podocyte integrins, thus providing a basis for understanding viral-associated proteinuria syndromes.