bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applicability of International Harvesting Equipment Productivity Studies in Maine, USA: A Literature Review
Authors: Hiesl Patrick , Benjamin Jeffrey
Published: November 2013

Harvesting equipment productivity studies have been conducted in many countries around the world spanning over 25 years. These studies have shown that many factors influence individual machine productivity. These factors include stand and site conditions, equipment configuration, management objectives, and operator experience. Productivity can increase or decrease with slight changes in any of these factors. This literature review also highlights the variety of experimental designs and data collection methods encountered in a cross section of those studies. It further shows the variation in species composition, stand density, tree diameter, and harvest prescription. Although studies that include the influence of operator performance on harvest equipment productivity are limited, they were included in this review where appropriate and available. It is clear that productivity equations should be developed using population-level data with several operators. Some studies were conducted in stands similar to Maine, but they used harvesting equipment that is not commonly used in logging operations in this state. Therefore the applicability of existing studies to the logging industry in Maine, USA, is very limited. Our conclusion is that in order to accurately predict harvesting productivity it is necessary to develop regional harvesting productivity equations using harvesting equipment commonly used in Maine. Forest operations researchers in other regions will be able to use this summary to explore the difficulty of applying productivity information to regional logging operations.
Clean and Efficient Synthesis of Isoxazole Derivatives in Aqueous Media
Authors: Dou Guolan , Xu Pan , Li Qiang , Xi Yukun , Huang Zhibin , Shi Daqing
Published: November 2013

A series of 5-arylisoxazole derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of 3-(dimethyl-amino)-1-arylprop-2-en-1-ones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in aqueous media without using any catalyst. This method has the advantages of easier work-up, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and an environmentally benign procedure.
Towards Memory-Aware Services and Browsing through Lifelogging Sensing
Authors: Arcega Lorena , Font Jaime , Cetina Carlos
Published: November 2013

Every day we receive lots of information through our senses that is lost forever, because it lacked the strength or the repetition needed to generate a lasting memory. Combining the emerging Internet of Things and lifelogging sensors, we believe it is possible to build up a Digital Memory (Dig-Mem) in order to complement the fallible memory of people. This work shows how to realize the Dig-Mem in terms of interactions, affinities, activities, goals and protocols. We also complement this Dig-Mem with memory-aware services and a Dig-Mem browser. Furthermore, we propose a RFID Tag-Sharing technique to speed up the adoption of Dig-Mem. Experimentation reveals an improvement of the user understanding of Dig-Mem as time passes, compared to natural memories where the level of detail decreases over time.
Las coplas indígenas de México
Authors: Bricker Victoria R. , Edmonson Munro S.
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Our aim is to demonstrate the universality of the use of semantic couplets in the rhetoric of the indigenous languages of Mexico. Textual examples are given in eight representative languages. Five more texts in Yucatec demonstrate the extension of the usage from the classic period to the present time.
Le calendrier non illustré du Codex Ixtlilxochitl. Essai d'identification
Authors: de Durand-Forest Jacqueline
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Este artículo se propone examinar dos resúmenes del Libro II de la Historia General (HG) de Sahagún, es decir, el Calendario no Ilustrado (CnI) del Codex Ixtlilxochitl y el Breve Compendio (BC) que Sahagún envió al Papa. Un análisis muy detallado muestra que, a pesar de sus innegables semejanzas, estas dos versiones presentan ciertas diferencias. En conjunto, el BC se parece más a la HG que el CnI. La comparación de estos textos con las Antigüedades de Hernández suggiere que ambos proceden de un documento sahagunense anterior, hoy desaparecido, —un documento distinto del Sumario destinado al Presidente del Consejo de Indias.
La lengua maya
Authors: Edmonson Munro S.
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Este bosquejo histórico de los idiomas mayas ofrece un sumario de su evolución, de algunos de sus cambios fonéticos, y de los préstamos lingüísticos que manifiestan. Influencias intercalendáricas, la prestación de nombres de personas y de lugares, y la resistencia maya al náhuatl están enfatizados.
Le patio du poète nahua
Authors: Sautron Marie
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- Este ensayo ofrece un análisis del valor representativo o de la función metafórica del «patio florido» (xochithualli) , a menudo evocado en el canto náhuatl prehispánico.

A través de un estudio exhaustivo de los empleos de ese espacio lírico, se trata de enfocar unas bases del discurso poético de los antiguos mexicanos y su alcance simbólico.
Poètes grecs et princes mexicains : comparaison entre la poésie grecque ancienne et la poésie náhuatl précolombienne
Authors: Yziquel Philippe
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- The object of this literary study is to present several observations concerning the way in which, in ancient Greece and in the náhuatl speaking precolombian Mexico, poets build a reproduction of inner life and define the function of their poetic activity. This comparison between two texts sprung from worlds totally different from one another aims to draw some convergences in the field of images, themes and atitudes considered as features of ancient sensibilities.
Reflexiones acerca del plano de Tenochtitlan publicado en Nuremberg en 1524
Authors: Matos Moctezuma Eduardo
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- Cet article vise à préciser deux points relatifs au plan que Cortés envoie à Charles Quint et qui est publié à Nuremberg en 1524 avec la deuxième Carta de Relación du conquistador. D'un côté, la gravure donne à voir la partie correspondant à l'enceinte cérémonielle de Tenochtitlan, à l'envers ; les édifices situés à l'ouest étaient en réalité à l'est, comme le Templo Mayor. On peut supposer que le graveur a travaillé séparément au reste du plan et à la partie centrale, et qu'au moment de l'assemblage, on a placé à l'envers la partie cérémonielle de la cité aztèque. D'autre part, on remarque que sur le plan le drapeau à aigle bicéphale se trouve à l'emplacement du camp de Cortés, lors du siège. Cependant, divers auteurs comme Manuel Toussaint pensent que le camp se trouvait à Coyoacán, point que rectifie Cortés lui-même dans plusieurs passages de la troisième Carta de Relación. Le lieu choisi par le capitaine espagnol était aux alentours de Tacubaya.
Chant de Teanatzin : traditions préhispaniques acolhua et chroniques coloniales
Authors: Lesbre Patrick
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- On trouve dans les œuvres de Torquemada et d'Alva Ixtlilxochitl une anecdote fort similaire malgré des divergences notables (règne, culpabilité, adultère, fonction du chant). Un mari innocent passe de longues années en prison et compose un chant qui émeut le roi de Tezcoco. Ce motif fait l'objet d'habillages totalement différents selon qu'il est rapporté sous le règne de Nezahualcoyotl ou de Nezahualpilli. On perçoit ainsi les distorsions entraînées par la composition d'une histoire officielle tardive.
Georges Baudot - Alfredo Bablot
Authors: Díaz y de Ovando Clementina
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- The friendly relations between France and Mexico represented by two personalities of exceptional merit ; nowadays, Georges Baudot and in the 19th century Alfred Bablot.
Debilidades y grandeza humana de Bernardo Reyes: Historia y leyenda
Authors: Arenas Monreal Rogelio
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Bernardo Reyes gave in Villa Unión (Sinaloa), on august the 4th 1880, a decisive battle for his military and political career. Examination of the consequences of this feat upon the life and state of mind of this soldier. In that way we can perceive his weaknesses and his human greatness during a short period of the 19th century mexican history, by means of a few letters interchanged with president Manuel González and by the vision that his son, Alfonso Reyes, condensates in Parentalia, his first book of souvenirs.
El grupo de Martín Fierro y los poetas de Contemporáneos
Authors: Corral Rose
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- This work proposes a review and a first evaluation of contacts established between Mexico and Río de la Plata during the 1920's ; it particularly tries to draw a picture of the affinities, as well as the disagreements, which existed between the contemporáneos and the martinfierristas. This exchanges are still practically unknown, because literary and historiographie criticism has rather taken an interest in the ties existing between America and Europe instead of in those which took place between different zones of the Latin American continent during a certain period of their history.
Le nahualisme dans Hombres de maíz de M. Á. Asturias
Authors: Ollé Marie-Louise
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- The analysis of the tropic and symbolic treatment of nahualism in Hombres de Maíz tries to bring out the relations text-reader that M.A. Asturias's writing invents. The nahualism is a probing example of the making up of a veridiction contract internal to the text that installs the foundations for verisimilitude's conditions. The study of the character « Correo Coyote » enables to follow the progressive establishment of his double nature. Its parallel establishment with Goyo Yic/ « tacuatzin » demonstrates the diegetic and symbolic importance of the nahual motif.
La laïcisation au Chili au XIXe siècle : l'exemple des cimetières pour les dissidents religieux
Authors: Jammet Nathalie
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- L'arrivée de beaucoup d'étrangers au Chili au XIXe siècle souleva la question des cimetières pour les dissidents religieux. Malgré la reconnaissance de la religion catholique comme religion d'Etat, plusieurs décrets furent émis pour modifier la législation en vigueur et créer des cimetières laïques. Ce sujet précéda les polémiques autour de la liberté de cultes et constitua un pas décisif vers la laïcisation du pays.
Un lujo mexicano: Julio Torri
Authors: Olea Franco Rafael
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- Analyse de la production littéraire du Mexicain Julio Torri (1889-1970), membre de m'Ateneo de la Juventud, qui a laissé une œuvre brève autant par le nombre de livres publiés que par la dimension de ses textes, difficiles à classer du point de vue générique - ils tiennent du poème en prose, de l'essai et du mini-conte, avec des accents propres à l'aphorisme ou à la parabole. Partant de l'hypothèse que cette brièveté ne provient pas d'un manque de créativité, on essaie de montrer que Torri, par le biais de textes qui sont à la fois création et réflexion sur la littérature, avait conscience de proposer une esthétique nouvelle, largement opposée au réalisme, prédominant dans la littérature du Mexique post-révolutionnaire. On peut alors conclure que l'œuvre de Torri, pleinement accessible au lecteur d'aujourd'hui, mérite une place eminente dans l'histoire de la littérature mexicaine du XXe siècle.
Myokard-Perfusions-Szintigraphie 2012 in Deutschland
Authors: Burchert W. , Schäfers M. , Schaefer W. , Lindner O.
Published: November 2013

Aim: The working group Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine of the German Society of Nuclear Medicine presents the results of the 6th survey on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) of the reporting year 2012. Method: 278 questionnaires (177 private practices (PP), 78 hospitals (HO), 23 university hospitals (UH)) were evaluated. Results: MPS of 105,941 patients were reported. 95% [2005 = 80%] of MPS studies were conducted with 99mTc perfusion radiopharmaceuticals and only 5% with 201Tl. 79% [2009 = 76%] of the MPS were performed in PP, 15% [2009 = 17%] in HO, and 6% [2009 = 7%] in UH. Data from 108 centres which participated in all surveys from 2005 to 2012 showed an increase in MPS numbers of 4.0% (PP +6.1%, HO +18.2%, UH –18.3%). 29% of all participants (27% of PP, 31% of HO, and 26% of UH) noticed no change and 26% of all participants (28% of PP, 17% of HO and 35% of UH) an increase in their MPS requests since the 2009 query. The type of stress was pharmacological in 39% [2009 = 31%]. Of these 61% with adenosine (39% with exercise), 22% with regadenoson (51% with exercise), 14% with dipyridamole (60% with exercise), and 3% with dobutamine. Gated SPECT was performed in 73% [2009 = 56%] of all rest, in 70% [2009 = 56%] of all stress and in 67% [47%] of all stress and rest MPS. Only 36% [2009 = 33%] of the centres performed a quantification of all their studies with scores, whereas 41% [2009 = 52%] did not apply any quantification. 60% [2009 = 49%] of the MPS were requested by ambulatory care cardiologists. Conclusion: The survey on MPS in Germany reveals a good conformity of imaging procedures with the current guideline. A positive development in MPS practice and referral can be stated. However, there is still some potential of MPS processing considering the quantitative perfusion analysis.
A Statistical Cerebroarterial Atlas Derived from 700 MRA Datasets
Authors: Fiehler J. , Suniaga S. , Wersching H. , Knecht S. , Kemmling A. , Forkert N. D.
Published: November 2013

Objectives: The cerebroarterial system is a complex network of arteries that supply the brain cells with vitally important nutrients and oxygen. The inter-individual differences of the cerebral arteries, especially at a finer level, are still not understood sufficiently. The aim of this work is to present a statistical cerebroarterial atlas that can be used to overcome this problem.

Methods: Overall, 700 Time-of-Flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) data sets of healthy subjects were used for atlas generation. Therefore, the cerebral arteries were automatically segmented in each dataset and used for a quantification of the vessel diameters. After this, each TOF MRA dataset as well as the corresponding vessel segmentation and vessel diameter dataset were registered to the MNI brain atlas. Fi -nally, the registered datasets were used to calculate a statistical cerebroarterial atlas that incorporates information about the average TOF intensity, probability for a vessel occurrence and mean vessel diameter for each voxel.

Results: Visual analysis revealed that arteries with a diameter as small as 0.5 mm are well represented in the atlas with quantitative values that are within range of anatomical reference values. Moreover, a highly significant strong positive correlation between the vessel diameter and occurrence probability was found. Furthermore, it was shown that an intensity-based automatic segmentation of cerebral vessels can be considerable improved by incorporating the atlas information leading to results within the range of the inter-observer agreement.

Conclusion: The presented cerebroarterial atlas seems useful for improving the understanding about normal variations of cerebral arteries, initialization of cerebrovascular segmentation methods and may even lay the foundation for a reliable quantification of subtle morphological vascular changes.
Dramatic vestigialization of floral fragrance across a transition from outcrossing to selfing inAbronia umbellata(Nyctaginaceae)
Authors: Doubleday Laura A. D. , Raguso Robert A. , Eckert Christopher G.
Published: November 2013

•Premise of the study:Vestigialization of traits that no longer enhance fitness is a common theme in evolution. Plants often use colorful, scented flowers to attract pollinators that mediate outcross pollination. After an evolutionary shift from outcrossing to self‐fertilization, where cross‐pollination is no longer necessary, attractive traits may be reduced, especially because these traits may also attract herbivores. Selection may be particularly strong in moth‐pollinated lineages where pollinators are also herbivores.

•Methods:We used field surveys and common garden glasshouse experiments to test this hypothesis by quantifying components of flower size and display and floral volatiles in outcrossing vs. selfing populations of the moth‐pollinated Pacific coastal dune endemicAbronia umbellata.

•Key results:Floral face diameter and flower tube length were 43% and 54% smaller in selfing than outcrossing populations, and selfers displayed 15% fewer flowers per umbel. Selfers emitted 99% less total floral volatiles per flower per hour than outcrossers; a much stronger reduction. The chemical composition of volatiles also differed between outcrossers and selfers. Similar differences were observed in a common glasshouse environment, suggesting genetic differentiation in these floral attractive traits among populations. Contrary to expectations, there were no differences in leaf or flower herbivory between selfing and outcrossing populations.

•Conclusions:Floral fragrance is much more dramatically reduced in selfing compared to outcrossing populations than other floral attractive traits, but probably not due to selection exerted by moth herbivory. Reduction in aspects of flower size may be constrained by developmental linkages with fruit and seed size.
Towards stereochemical control: A short formal enantioselective total synthesis of pumiliotoxins 251D and 237A
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Hong-Kui , Huang Pei-Qiang
Published: November 2013

A concise enantioselective synthesis of the advanced intermediate 5 for the synthesis of pumiliotoxins (Gallagher’s intermediate) is described. The synthesis started from the regio- and trans-diastereoselective (dr = 98:2) reductive 3-butenylation of (R)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)glutarimide 14. After O-desilylation and Dess–Martin oxidation, the resulting keto-lactam 10 was subjected to a highly trans-stereoselective addition of the methylmagnesium iodide to give carbinol 11 as sole diastereomer. An efficient ring closure procedure consisting of ozonolysis and reductive dehydroxylation provided the indolizidine derivative 5, which completed the formal enantioselective total synthesis of pumiliotoxins 251D and 237A.
Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Features of Whipple Disease: A Report of 29 Cases
Authors: Meunier Marine , Puechal Xavier , Hoppé Emmanuel , Soubrier Martin , Dieudé Philippe , Berthelot Jean Marie , Caramaschi Paola , Gottenberg Jacques-Eric , Gossec Laure , Morel Jacques , Maury Emilie , Wipff Julien , Kahan André , Allanore Yannick
Published: November 2013

Objective.

Whipple disease is a rare infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Although patients commonly complain of osteoarticular involvement, musculoskeletal manifestations have been poorly described. We report cases of Whipple disease with rheumatic symptoms and describe their clinical presentation, modes of diagnosis, and outcomes.

Methods.

This retrospective multicenter study included patients with Whipple disease diagnosed and referenced between 1977 and 2011 in 10 rheumatology centers in France and Italy.

Results.

Twenty-nine patients were included. The median age was 55 years. The median time to diagnosis from first symptoms was 5 years. Polyarthritis was the most frequent presentation (20/29), and was most often chronic, intermittent (19/29), seronegative (22/23), and nonerosive (22/29). In all cases, the symptoms had led to incorrect diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic disease and immunosuppressants, including biotherapy, were prescribed in most cases (24/29) without success. The diagnosis of Whipple disease was made by histological analysis, molecular biology tests, or both in 21%, 36%, and 43% of the cases, respectively. Duodenal biopsies were performed in most cases (86%). Synovial biopsies were performed in 18% of cases, but all contributed to diagnosis. The clinical outcomes after antibiotic therapy were good for all patients.

Conclusion.

Polyarthritis is the main feature observed in cases of Whipple disease; it is seronegative and associated with general and gastrointestinal symptoms. The molecular analysis of duodenal tissue and/or other tissues remains the method of choice to confirm the diagnosis. Reducing the time to diagnosis is important because severe late systemic and fatal forms of the disease may occur.
Clinical Features and Associated Factors of Abdominal Pain in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Yuan Shiwen , Lian Fan , Chen Dongying , Li Hao , Qiu Qian , Zhan Zhongping , Ye Yujin , Xu Hanshi , Liang Liuqin , Yang Xiuyan
Published: November 2013

Objective.

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-induced abdominal pain in a cohort in South China and identify the risk factors for SLE-induced abdominal pain.

Methods.

This is a retrospective cohort study of SLE patients with complaint of abdominal pain admitted to the first affiliated university hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2002 and 2011. Demographic information, clinical features, laboratory findings, SLE Disease Activity Index, and imaging characteristics were documented.

Results.

Of the 3823 SLE patients reviewed, 213 patients complained of abdominal pain and 132 cases were considered SLE-induced. The most common causes were lupus mesenteric vasculitis (LMV; 73.5%, 97/132) and lupus pancreatitis (LP; 17.4%, 23/132). Other causes included appendicitis, acute gastroenteritis, and peritonitis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated the European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) score was significantly associated with lupus-induced abdominal pain (OR = 1.858, 95% CI: 1.441–2.394, p < 0.001), LMV (OR = 1.713, 95% CI: 1.308-2.244, p < 0.001), and LP (OR = 2.153, 95% CI: 1.282, 3.617, p = 0.004). The serum D-dimer level (OR = 1.004, 95% CI: 1.002-1.005, p < 0.001) was a strongly associated factor for lupus-induced abdominal pain. Moderate and large amounts of ascetic fluid was significantly associated with lupus-induced abdominal pain and LMV. Elevated liver enzymes was a risk factor for LP (OR = 34.605, 95% CI: 3.591-333.472, p = 0.002).

Conclusion.

LMV and LP were the leading causes of SLE-induced abdominal pain. The serum D-dimer was a strongly associated factor for lupus-induced abdominal pain. ECLAM score was a reliable index in assessment of SLE-associated abdominal pain. Elevated liver enzymes, and moderate or large amounts of ascites, were positively associated with lupus-induced abdominal pain.
Facebook’s Hidden Potential
Authors: Saykili Abdullah , Kumtepe Evrim Genç
Published: November 2013

As Social Networking Sites have come to play a greater part in our lives, more and more people interact with each other in these environments. Because social networking tools have managed to attract billions of users worldwide, they have also drawn the attention of educators. As the largest social networking site, Facebook has captured the interest of educators and educational institutions, regardless of its desirable or undesirable effects on education settings. However, empirical research on the implications of how Facebook can be utilized in English as a foreign or second language (EFL/ESL) learning and teaching setting is limited. This issue needs further exploration to provide deeper insights and meaningful conclusions. This chapter focuses on the utility of a multicultural Facebook special interest group, FaceLearning, which was created by the authors to support the EFL/ESL learning and teaching. The research attempts to map the potentials and the concerns that arise from the perspectives of three instructors involved in the study to explore the value, role, and educational implications of Facebook for EFL/ESL settings.
Facebook as an Educational Environment for Mathematics Learning
Authors: Baya'a Nimer , Daher Wajeeh
Published: November 2013

In this chapter, the authors describe four successful experiments in using social networking sites (Facebook and Edmodo) in mathematics teaching and learning, where this use depended on populating the sites with historical mathematicians and/or mathematical phenomena. They describe two models of using social networking sites in mathematics education, as well as the phases of working mathematically with students when implementing each model. The authors emphasize the use of social talk as the first step to involve students with the learning of mathematics, as well as moving to cultural talk as a bridge between the social talk and the mathematical discourse. The experience in the four experiments indicates that social networking sites invite student collaboration, as well as encourage their learning actions and interactions. Teacher's or moderator's sensitivity is a very important factor for the success of the experiment, especially when young students are involved. Other factors which influenced the success of students' learning in social networking sites were the features of the social networking site, the properties of the inter-disciplinary phenomenon or the mathematics produced by the historical mathematicians, the background of the learners, and the activities of the moderator.
The Ethical Dilemmas of Social Networking Sites in Classroom Contexts
Authors: Auld Glenn , Henderson Michael
Published: November 2013

This chapter explores five ethical dilemmas associated with using Social Networking Sites (SNS) in classrooms. First, do we have the right to colonize or marginalize students’ out of school social networking practices in the classroom? Second, should we access students’ out of classroom virtual identities from their SNS in a classroom context? Third, should we be engaging students’ social networking in public performances of the curriculum? Fourth, are we prepared for recognising and responding to illicit activity in SNS? Fifth, do teachers understand the implications of exposing their out of school identities to their students who inhabit the same social network? The authors do not dispute that SNS in the classroom can be a rich site for learning, but they argue that the concept of ethics as a process of analyzing and respecting the other is essential if we are to responsibly engage with SNS in the classroom.
Social Networking for Educational Purposes
Authors: Eteokleous-Grigoriou Nikleia , Ktoridou Despo
Published: November 2013

This chapter examines and evaluates the role, usefulness, and value of social networking as perceived by higher education students. It examines the educational role of social networking by developing Special Interest Groups (SIGs) within a social networking site (Facebook). It also tries to examine the development of socio-cultural skills through the SIGs created within the social networking site. Specifically, this chapter describes and presents an evaluation of the use of three Facebook SIGs by faculty and students of five Universities in Cyprus in three discipline areas: 1) MIS – Management Information Systems; 2) Computer Science; and 3) Engineering. A mixed method approach was employed, collecting quantitative data (through questionnaires) and qualitative data (through focus groups and Facebook SIGs’ observations). The results highlight the promising and important role as well as the value of such online groups in both social and academic life. Additionally, the development of socio-cultural skills through the use of Facebook and specifically the SIGs is discussed. Finally, the chapter discusses the “best practice” policies for Facebook integration for educational purposes.
Teachers’ Use of Social Networking Sites for Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Xerri Daniel
Published: November 2013

On the basis of the results of a study conducted amongst secondary school teachers of English in Malta, this chapter explores the use of Social Networking Sites (SNS) for professional development purposes. In the digital era, SNS provide teachers with the opportunity of creating a Personal Learning Network (PLN), which is an increasingly significant way of acquiring new knowledge and enhancing pedagogical skills while also having the capacity of making teachers feel they belong to a Community of Practice (CoP). This chapter shows how despite their regular use of SNS for personal reasons, teachers do not always exploit these sites to achieve professional development. It is argued that training is a necessary means of not only enabling teachers to learn how to use such tools for such a purpose but also of redefining the way they think about the process of acquiring and sharing knowledge and skills in the 21st century.
Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Technology Evolution and Implications
Authors: Martin Antoine Y.
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper reviews the technological advances of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) since 2008, evolution of gliders and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and the roles, designs, and capabilities of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). It describes the uses for those
vehicles, how they have evolved and gained trusting users, and how they converge in complementary roles. Predictions for the evolution of unmanned maritime vehicles’ (UMVs) roles and operations are made. The paper is broad in scope and looks beyond the technology in an attempt to explain
the relationship between technology evolution and user adoption. The research and findings stem from years of technical and business analysis, reports, interviews, and assistance to stakeholders of the unmanned maritime systems (UMS) industry by the author.
Recent Trends in Underwater Acoustic Communications
Authors: Stojanovic Milica , Freitag Lee
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdvances in underwater acoustic communications technology are being enabled by more access to in-water data and an infusion of new techniques, researchers, and students. In-water data collection is being made possible by robust funding in the United States, the European
Union, and other countries, typically to multiorganization consortia working on both physical and network layer research. At the physical layer, single and multicarrier modulation methods continue to be refined, with a focus on both low signal-to-noise ratio, low-rate and high signal-to-noise
ratio, high-rate data links. Establishment of performance metrics for adaptive equalizers and other parts of the physical layer continue, and recent work on high-fidelity channel models that mimic the effects of small-scale ocean processes indicates that progress is being made.Research
in undersea acoustic networks continues to gain momentum as well, with multiple options available for integrating acoustic propagation models with network simulation, providing common frameworks for basing network design. The combination of these recent advances, plus continued interest by
maritime science and industry in wireless communications, means that the field is poised to make new commercial breakthroughs in the next several years.
Phylogenetics and molecular identification of theOchlerotatus communiscomplex (Diptera: Culicidae) using DNA barcoding and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
Authors: Namin Hooman H. , Iranpour Mahmood , Sharanowski Barbara J.
Published: November 2013

TheOchlerotatus communis(De Geer, 1776) complex consists of four cryptic mosquito species in North America, including:O. communis,Ochlerotatus churchillensis(Ellis and Brust, 1973),Ochlerotatus nevadensis(Chapman and Barr, 1964), andOchlerotatus tahoensis(Dyar, 1916). Most of the morphological characters used for the identification of these species are quantitative and overlap across species. Here we evaluated the efficacy of DNA barcoding for identification of three members of thecommuniscomplex (O. nevadensisis not included in this study) and developed diagnostic restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns forO. communisandO. churchillensis. A phylogeny of 23OchlerotatusLynch Arribálzaga, 1891 species was inferred using mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I gene sequences. All species included in our analysis within theO. communiscomplex were delineated using cytochromecoxidase subunit I barcodes. However, this complex was recovered as paraphyletic with respect toOchlerotatus abserratus(Felt and Young, 1904) andOchlerotatus implicatus(Vockeroth, 1954), indicating the need for increased genetic and taxonomic sampling to infer the phylogenetic relationships of these taxa. The RFLP profile for multiple field specimens ofO. communiswas distinct from all RFLP patterns forO. churchillensis, and this method can be used as an efficient molecular method for the identification these species.
Brain Human Monoclonal Autoantibody from Sydenham Chorea Targets Dopaminergic Neurons in Transgenic Mice and Signals Dopamine D2 Receptor: Implications in Human Disease
Authors: Cox Carol J. , Sharma Meenakshi , Leckman James F. , Zuccolo Jonathan , Zuccolo Amir , Kovoor Abraham , Swedo Susan E. , Cunningham Madeleine W.
Published: November 2013

How autoantibodies target the brain and lead to disease in disorders such as Sydenham chorea (SC) is not known. SC is characterized by autoantibodies against the brain and is the main neurologic manifestation of streptococcal-induced rheumatic fever. Previously, our novel SC-derived mAb 24.3.1 was found to recognize streptococcal and brain Ags. To investigate in vivo targets of human mAb 24.3.1, VH/VL genes were expressed in B cells of transgenic (Tg) mice as functional chimeric human VH 24.3.1–mouse C-region IgG1a autoantibody. Chimeric human–mouse IgG1a autoantibody colocalized with tyrosine hydroxylase in the basal ganglia within dopaminergic neurons in vivo in VH 24.3.1 Tg mice. Both human mAb 24.3.1 and IgG1a in Tg sera were found to react with human dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). Reactivity of chorea-derived mAb 24.3.1 or SC IgG with D2R was confirmed by dose-dependent inhibitory signaling of D2R as a potential consequence of targeting dopaminergic neurons, reaction with surface-exposed FLAG epitope-tagged D2R, and blocking of Ab reactivity by an extracellular D2R peptide. IgG from SC and a related subset of streptococcal-associated behavioral disorders called “pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococci” (PANDAS) with small choreiform movements reacted in ELISA with D2R. Reaction with FLAG-tagged D2R distinguished SC from PANDAS, whereas sera from both SC and PANDAS induced inhibitory signaling of D2R on transfected cells comparably to dopamine. In this study, we define a mechanism by which the brain may be altered by Ab in movement and behavioral disorders.
Model Theory: Groups, Geometry, and Combinatorics
Authors: Hrushovski Ehud , Pillay Anand , Tent Katrin , Wagner Frank Olaf
Published: November 2013

Overall this was a high quality meeting, with carefully chosen talks fitting in with the announced themes of the workshop.
Graph Theory
Authors: Diestel Reinhard , Thomas Robin , Tardos Gábor
Published: November 2013

This was a workshop on graph theory, with a comprehensive approach. Highlights included the emerging theories of sparse graph limits and of infinite matroids, new techniques for colouring graphs on surfaces, and extensions of graph minor theory to directed graphs and to immersions
Moduli Spaces in Algebraic Geometry
Authors: Abramovich Dan , Caporaso Lucia , Farkas Gavril , Kebekus Stefan
Published: November 2013

The workshop on Moduli Spaces in Algebraic Geometry aimed to bring together researchers working in moduli theory, in order to discuss moduli spaces from different points of view, and to give an overview of methods used in their respective fields.
Mini-Workshop: The p-Laplacian Operator and Applications
Authors: Diening Lars , Lindqvist Peter , Kawohl Bernd
Published: November 2013

There has been a surge of interest in the

p

-Laplacian in many different contexts from game theory to mechanics and image processing. The workshop brought together experts from many different schools of thinking to exchange their knowledge and points of view.
Structured Function Systems and Applications
Authors: Charina Maria , Lasserre Jean Bernard , Putinar Mihai , Stöckler Joachim
Published: November 2013

Quite a few independent investigations have been devoted recently to the analysis and construction of structured function systems such as e.g. wavelet frames with compact support, Gabor frames, refinable functions in the context of subdivision and so on. However, difficult open questions about the existence, properties and general efficient construction methods of such structured function systems have been left without satisfactory answers. The goal of the workshop was to bring together experts in approximation theory, real algebraic geometry, complex analysis, frame theory and optimization to address key open questions on the subject in a highly interdisciplinary, unique of its kind, exchange.
From “Mixed” to “Applied” Mathematics: Tracing an important dimension of mathematics and its history
Authors: Epple Moritz , Hoff Kjeldsen Tinne , Siegmund-Schultze Reinhard
Published: November 2013

The workshop investigated historical variations of the ways in which historically boundaries were drawn between ‘pure’ mathematics on the one hand and ‘mixed’ or ‘applied’ mathematics on the other from about 1500 until today. It brought together historians and philosophers of mathematics as well as several mathematicians working on applications. Emphasis was laid upon the clarification of the relation between the historical use and the historiographical usefulness and philosophical soundness of the various categories.
Interfaces and Free Boundaries: Analysis, Control and Simulation
Authors: Elliott Charles M. , Giga Yoshikazu , Hinze Michael , Styles Vanessa
Published: November 2013

The field of mathematical and numerical analysis of systems of nonlinear partial differential equations involving interfaces and free boundaries is a flourishing area of research. Many such systems arise from mathematical models in material science, fluid dynamics and biology, for example phase separation in alloys, epitaxial growth, dynamics of multiphase fluids, evolution of cell membranes and in industrial processes such as crystal growth. The governing equations for the dynamics of the interfaces in many of these applications involve surface tension expressed in terms of the mean curvature and a driving force. Here the forcing terms depend on variables that are solutions of additional partial differential equations which hold either on the interface itself or in the surrounding bulk regions. Often in applications of these mathematical models, suitable performance indices and appropriate control actions have to be specified. Mathematically this leads to optimization problems with partial differential equation constraints including free boundaries. Because of the maturity of the field of computational free boundary problems it is now timely to consider such control problems. In order to carry out design, control and simulation of such problems interaction is required between distinct mathematical fields such as analysis, modeling, computation and optimization. By bringing together leading experts and young researchers from these separate fields we intended to develop novel research directions in applied and computational mathematics. The aim of the workshop here was to focus on emerging new themes and developments in these fields and to establish and extend links between them.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft: Limits of Structures
Authors: Lovász László , Szegedy Balázs
Published: November 2013

The goal of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft is to review current progress in the study of very large structures. The main emphasis is on the analytic approach that considers large structures as approximations of infinite analytic objects. This approach enables one to study graphs, hypergraphs, permutations, subsets of groups and many other fundamental structures.
Estimating global carbon uptake by lichens and bryophytes with a process-based model
Authors: Porada P. , Weber B. , Elbert W. , Pöschl U. , Kleidon A.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Lichens and bryophytes are abundant globally and they may even form the dominant autotrophs in (sub)polar ecosystems, in deserts and at high altitudes. Moreover, they can be found in large amounts as epiphytes in old-growth forests. Here, we present the first process-based model which estimates the net carbon uptake by these organisms at the global scale, thus assessing their significance for biogeochemical cycles. The model uses gridded climate data and key properties of the habitat (e.g. disturbance intervals) to predict processes which control net carbon uptake, namely photosynthesis, respiration, water uptake and evaporation. It relies on equations used in many dynamical vegetation models, which are combined with concepts specific to lichens and bryophytes, such as poikilohydry or the effect of water content on CO2 diffusivity. To incorporate the great functional variation of lichens and bryophytes at the global scale, the model parameters are characterised by broad ranges of possible values instead of a single, globally uniform value. The predicted terrestrial net uptake of 0.34 to 3.3 Gt yr−1 of carbon and global patterns of productivity are in accordance with empirically-derived estimates. Considering that the assimilated carbon can be invested in processes such as weathering or nitrogen fixation, lichens and bryophytes may play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles.
Long-term precipitation forecast for drought relief using atmospheric circulation factors: a study on the Maharloo Basin in Iran
Authors: Sigaroodi S. K. , Chen Q. , Ebrahimi S. , Nazari A. , Choobin B.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Long-term precipitation forecasts can help to reduce drought risk through proper management of water resources. This study took the saline Maharloo Lake, which is located in the south of Iran and is continuously suffering from drought disaster, as a case to investigated the relationships between climatic indices and precipitation. Cross correlation in combination with stepwise regression technique were used to determine the best variables among 40 indices and identify the proper time-lag between dependent and independent variables for each month. The monthly precipitation was predicted using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and multi- regression stepwise methods, and results were compared with observed rainfall data. According to R2, root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash–Sutcliffe factors, the ANN model performed better than the multi-regression model, which was also confirmed by classification results. Prediction accuracy was higher in the dry season (June to October) than in the other seasons. The highest and lowest accuracy of the ANN model were in September and March, respectively. Based on this research, the monthly precipitation anomalies in the Maharloo Basin in north of Persian Gulf can be forecast about ten months earlier using NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) climate indices such as NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), PNA (Pacific North America) and Nino, which will support drought-risk alleviation in the region.
Resilience and disaster risk reduction: an etymological journey
Authors: Alexander D. E.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. This paper examines the development over historical time of the meaning and uses of the term resilience. The objective is to deepen our understanding of how the term came to be adopted in disaster risk reduction and resolve some of the conflicts and controversies that have arisen when it has been used. The paper traces the development of resilience through the sciences, humanities, and legal and political spheres. It considers how mechanics passed the word to ecology and psychology, and how from there it was adopted by social research and sustainability science. As other authors have noted, as a concept, resilience involves some potentially serious conflicts or contradictions, for example between stability and dynamism, or between dynamic equilibrium (homeostasis) and evolution. Moreover, although the resilience concept works quite well within the confines of general systems theory, in situations in which a systems formulation inhibits rather than fosters explanation, a different interpretation of the term is warranted. This may be the case for disaster risk reduction, which involves transformation rather than preservation of the "state of the system". The article concludes that the modern conception of resilience derives benefit from a rich history of meanings and applications, but that it is dangerous – or at least potentially disappointing – to read to much into the term as a model and a paradigm.
Adapting to life: ocean biogeochemical modelling and adaptive remeshing
Authors: Hill J. , Popova E. E. , Ham D. A. , Piggott M. D. , Srokosz M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. An outstanding problem in biogeochemical modelling of the ocean is that many of the key processes occur intermittently at small scales, such as the sub-mesoscale, that are not well represented in global ocean models. As an example, state-of-the-art models give values of primary production approximately two orders of magnitude lower than those observed in the ocean's oligotrophic gyres, which cover a third of the Earth's surface. This is partly due to their failure to resolve sub-mesoscale phenomena, which play a significant role in nutrient supply. Simply increasing the resolution of the models may be an inefficient computational solution to this problem. An approach based on recent advances in adaptive mesh computational techniques may offer an alternative. Here the first steps in such an approach are described, using the example of a~simple vertical column (quasi 1-D) ocean biogeochemical model. We present a novel method of simulating ocean biogeochemical behaviour on a vertically adaptive computational mesh, where the mesh changes in response to the biogeochemical and physical state of the system throughout the simulation. We show that the model reproduces the general physical and biological behaviour at three ocean stations (India, Papa and Bermuda) as compared to a high-resolution fixed mesh simulation and to observations. The simulations capture both the seasonal and inter-annual variations. The use of an adaptive mesh does not increase the computational error, but reduces the number of mesh elements by a factor of 2–3, so reducing computational overhead. We then show the potential of this method in two case studies where we change the metric used to determine the varying mesh sizes in order to capture the dynamics of chlorophyll at Bermuda and sinking detritus at Papa. We therefore demonstrate adaptive meshes may provide a~suitable numerical technique for simulating seasonal or transient biogeochemical behaviour at high spatial resolution whilst minimising computational cost.
BrO/SO2 molar ratios from scanning DOAS measurements in the NOVAC network
Authors: Lübcke P. , Bobrowski N. , Arellano S. , Galle B. , Garzón G. , Vogel L. , Platt U.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The molar ratio of BrO to SO2 is, like other halogen/sulphur ratios, a~possible precursor for dynamic changes in the shallow part of a volcanic system. While the predictive significance of the BrO/SO2 ratio has not been well constrained yet, it has the major advantage that this ratio can be readily measured using the remote-sensing technique Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) in the UV. While BrO/SO2 ratios have been measured during several short-term field campaigns this article presents an algorithm that can be used to obtain long-term time series of BrO/SO2 ratios from the scanning DOAS instruments of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC) or comparable networks. Parameters of the DOAS retrieval of both trace gases are given and the influence of co-adding spectra on the retrieval error will be investigated. Difficulties in the evaluation of spectroscopic data from monitoring instruments in volcanic environments and possible solutions are discussed. The new algorithm is demonstrated by evaluating data from the NOVAC scanning DOAS systems at Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia encompassing almost four years of measurements between November 2009 and end of June 2013. This dataset shows variations of the BrO/SO2 ratio several weeks prior to the eruption on 30 June 2012.