bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan keefektifan quantum teaching dan TGT pada pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi
Authors: Trisnawati Trisnawati , Wutsqa Dhoriva Urwatul
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan model pembelajaran (Quantum Teaching dan TGT) dan membandingkan keefektifan model pembelajaran (Quantum Teaching dan TGT) pada pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari aspek prestasi dan motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi-experiment dengan desain pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta, sedangkan sampelnya adalah siswa kelas VIII-D dan VIII-E. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes prestasi belajar dan angket motivasi belajar siswa. Untuk menguji keefektifan model  pembelajaran (Quantum Teachingdan TGT), data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji one sample t-test. Untuk membandingkan keefektifan model pembelajaran (Quantum Teaching dan TGT), data dianalisis dengan menggunakan MANOVA kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji t-Bonferoni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran (Quantum TeachingdanTGT) efektif dan model Quantum Teaching lebih efektif daripada model TGT ditinjau dari aspek prestasi dan motivasi belajar siswa.Kata Kunci: model quantum teaching, model TGT, prestasi belajar, motivasi belajar Comparison of the Effectiveness of Quantum Teaching and TGT in Mathematics’ Instruction Viewed from Achievement and Motivation AbstractThis study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Quantum Teaching and Cooperative TGT Models and compare the effectiveness of the Quantum Teaching models with TGT in mathematics’ instruction viewed from the students’ achievement and learning motivation. This study was a quasi-experimental study using the pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. The research population was all grade VIII students, while the sample is students of Class VIII-D and VIII-E. The data collecting instruments consisted of a students’ learning achievement test and learning motivation to questionnaires. To test the effectiveness of the Quantum Teaching and TGT models, the data were analyzed using one sample t-test. Then, to comparethe effectiveness of the Quantum Teaching models TGT models, the data were analyzed using MANOVA and continued using the t-Beonferroni test. The results of the study show that the Quantum Teaching and TGT models are effective and the Quantum Teaching model is more effective than the TGT models in mathematics’ instruction viewed from the students’ achievement and learning motivation.Keywords: quantum teaching models, TGT models, learning achievement, learning motivation
Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran bangun ruang di SMP dengan pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik
Authors: Sari Wiwin Rita
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa perangkat pembelajaran bangun ruang SMP dengan pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik yang valid, praktis, dan efektif ditinjau dari ketercapaian kompetensi dasar, kemampuan koneksi matematis, dan minat terhadap matematika. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model 4-D yang terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan tahap penyebaran. Hasil penelitian berupa perangkat pembelajaran bangun ruang yang terdiri dari silabus, RPP, LKS, dan tes hasil belajar berupa tes ketercapaian kompetensi dasar (TKKD) dan tes kemampuan koneksi matematis (TKKM) yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Kevalidan perangkat mencapai kategori sangat baik ditinjau dari penilaian ahli. Kepraktisan perangkat mencapai kategori sangat baik ditinjau dari penilaian guru, penilaian siswa, dan observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Aspek keefektifan dipenuhi dari tercapainya minimal 80% siswa lulus KKM ditinjau dari ketercapaian kompetensi dasar dan kemampuan koneksi matematis, serta lebih dari 80% siswa mempunyai minat terhadap matematika dalam kategori minimal baik.Kata Kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik, bangun ruang SMP Developing Space Learning Kit in Junior High School with Realistic Mathematics Education Approach AbstractThis research aimed to produce space learning kits with realistic mathematics education approach in Junior High School which valid, practical, and effective viewed from achievement of basic competence, mathematical connection ability, and mathematics interest. This research was development research used 4-D model that consisted of four phases: defining, designing, developing, and  disseminating. This research produced space learning kit that consisted of syllabus, lesson plans, students’ worksheets, and assessment tests that included test of basic competence achievement and mathematical connection test which valid, practical, and effective. The validity of learning kit get very good category from expert assessment. The practicallity of learning kit get very good category from teachers assessment, students assessment, and observation of learning implementation. The aspect of effectiveness was seen from achievement minimum 80% of the student pass the minimum score for achievement of basic competence and mathematical connection skill, and more than 80% of student have mathematics interest in least good category.Keywords: development, learning kit, realistic mathematics education, space
Perbandingan keefektifan PBL berseting TGT dan GI ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan toleransi
Authors: Fitrianawati Meita , Hartono Hartono
Published: January 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan Problem Based Learning (PBL) berseting Team Group Tournament (TGT) dan PBL berseting Group Investigation (GI), serta membandingkan keefektifan pembelajaran PBL berseting TGT dan PBL berseting GI ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kreatif, dan toleransi siswa SMP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison-group design. Populasi penelitian mencakup seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Sleman Yogyakarta yang terdiri atas tujuh kelas, yang dua kelas sebagai sampel acak. Untuk menguji keefektifan pembelajaran, digunakan uji one sample t-test. Selanjutnya, untuk membandingkan keefektifan pembelajaran, data dianalisis secara multivariat menggunakan uji T2 Hotteling’s. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika menggunakan PBL berseting TGT dan PBL berseting GI efektif ditinjau dari prestasi belajar siswa, kemampuan berpikir kreatif, dan toleransi siswa, dan tidak ada perbedaan antara keduanya.Kata Kunci: pendekatan PBL berseting TGT, pendekatan PBL berseting GI, prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kreatif, toleransi siswa The Comparison of the Effectiveness of TGT-Set and GI-Set PBL in Terms of Mathematics Learning Achievement, Creative Thinking Ability and Tolerance AbstractThis research aimed to describe the effectiveness of teaching mathematics by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) setting Team Group Tournament (TGT) and PBL with Group Investigation (GI), and as well as compare the effectiveness of PBL setting TGT and PBL setting GI in terms of mathematics learning achievement, creative thinking ability, and tolerance of junior high school students. This research was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison-group design. The research population includes all students of 8th grade SMPN 1 Sleman Yogyakarta which consists of seven classes. From the population, two classes were randomly selected as the research sample. To test the effectiveness, one sample t-test was used. Furthermore, to compare the effectiveness of teaching, the data were analyzed using a multivariate test of the T2 Hotteling’s. The results showed that the teaching process of mathematics using the TGT-set and GI-set PBL is effective in terms of mathematics learning achievement, creative thinking ability, and tolerance of junior high school students and there is no difference between the two.Keywords: TGT-set PBL, GI-set PBL, mathematics learning achievement, creative thingking ability, tolerance of students
Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran matematika bercirikan active knowledge sharing dengan pendekatan saintifik kelas VIII
Authors: Rusnilawati Rusnilawati
Published: January 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran bercirikan Active Knowledge Sharing dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuanpemecahan masalah, dan sikap terhadap matematika siswa SMP Kelas VIII Semester 2 yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Development Research). Penelitian ini mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran yang meliputi: silabus; Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP); dan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan, Semmel, dan Semmel. Hasil validasi menunjukkan perangkat yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dengan kategori sangat baik. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa perangkat yang dikembangkan praktis dan efektif. Ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal sudah mencapai kriteria minimal 80% yaitu untuk tes pengetahuan mencapai 97,2%, sedangkan tes pemecahan masalah mencapai 95,4%. Berdasarkan angket sikap terhadap matematika, 98,1% siswa menunjukkan peningkatan skor sikap terhadap matematika, dan 94,4% siswa menunjukkan sikap terhadap matematika dengan kategori minimal baik.Kata Kunci: pengembangan, active knowledge sharing, saintifik Developing the learning kit characterized by active knowledge sharing with scientific approach for grade VIII AbstractThis research aimed to produce valid, practical, and effective learning kit characterized by Active Knowledge Sharing with Scientific Approach, as an effort to improve knowledge, problem-solving skills, and attitudes toward mathematics among Junior High School students in Class VIII Semester 2. This was a research and developmental study. The learning kit developed consist of: syllabus; lesson plans; and students worksheets. This developmental study refers to the model 4-D suggested by Thiangarajan, Semmel Semmel. The results of the validation shows that the kit developed was valid with “very good” category. The experimental results show that the kit developed was practical and effective. Classical learning completeness reached at least 80% criterion for the test of knowledge 97.2%, while the troubleshooting tests reached 95.4%. Based on the questionnaire attitudes towards mathematics, 98.1% of students show increased scores for attitudes toward mathematics and 94.4% of students show attitudes towards mathematics with minimum category of good.Keywords: developmental study, active knowledge sharing, scientific
Ekstraksi Informasi Halaman Web Menggunakan Pendekatan Bootstrapping pada Ontology-Based Information Extraction
Authors: Susanti Erma , Mustofa Khabib
Published: January 2017

AbstrakEkstraksi  informasi  merupakan suatu bidang ilmu untuk pengolahan bahasa alami, dengan cara mengubah teks tidak terstruktur menjadi informasi dalam bentuk terstruktur. Berbagai jenis informasi di Internet ditransmisikan secara tidak terstruktur melalui website, menyebabkan munculnya kebutuhan akan suatu teknologi untuk menganalisa teks dan menemukan pengetahuan yang relevan dalam bentuk informasi terstruktur. Contoh informasi tidak terstruktur adalah informasi utama yang ada pada konten halaman web. Bermacam pendekatan untuk ekstraksi informasi telah dikembangkan oleh berbagai peneliti, baik menggunakan metode manual atau otomatis, namun masih perlu ditingkatkan kinerjanya terkait akurasi dan kecepatan ekstraksi. Pada penelitian ini diusulkan suatu penerapan pendekatan ekstraksi informasi dengan mengkombinasikan pendekatan bootstrapping dengan Ontology-based Information Extraction (OBIE). Pendekatan bootstrapping dengan menggunakan sedikit contoh data berlabel, digunakan untuk memimalkan keterlibatan manusia dalam proses ekstraksi informasi, sedangkan penggunakan panduan ontologi untuk mengekstraksi classes (kelas), properties dan instance digunakan untuk menyediakan konten semantik untuk web semantik. Pengkombinasian kedua pendekatan tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatan kecepatan proses ekstraksi dan akurasi hasil ekstraksi. Studi kasus untuk penerapan sistem ekstraksi informasi menggunakan dataset “LonelyPlanet”. Kata kunci—Ekstraksi informasi, ontologi, bootstrapping, Ontology-Based Information Extraction, OBIE, kinerja Abstract Information extraction is a field study of natural language processing by converting unstructured text into structured information. Several types of information on the Internet is transmitted through unstructured information via websites, led to emergence of the need a technology to analyze text and found relevant knowledge into structured information. For example of unstructured information is existing main information on the content of web pages. Various approaches  for information extraction have been developed by many researchers, either using manual or automatic method, but still need to be improved performance related accuracy and speed of extraction. This research proposed an approach of information extraction that combines bootstrapping approach with Ontology-Based Information Extraction (OBIE). Bootstrapping approach using small seed of labelled data, is used to minimize human intervention on information extraction process, while the use of guide ontology for extracting classes, properties and instances, using for provide semantic content for semantic web. Combining both approaches expected to increase speed of extraction process and accuracy of extraction results. Case study to apply information extraction system using “LonelyPlanet” datasets. Keywords— Information extraction, ontology, bootstrapping, Ontology-Based Information Extraction, OBIE, performance
Analisis Kualitas VoIP pada SCTP Menggunakan ECN dan AQM
Authors: Surimi La , Pulungan Reza
Published: January 2017

AbstrakVoIP merupakan aplikasi real time yang kualitasnya sangat tergantung pada delay dan jitter, yang mana hal ini sulit dipenuhi oleh protokol yang bersifat reliable dan memiliki congestion control seperti TCP. Di sisi lain penggunaan UDP yang tidak memiliki congestion control menyebabkan peluang terjadinya congestion pada jaringan sangat besar. Penggunaan SCTP sebagai protokol alternatif juga belum mampu mengakomodasi kekurangan TCP dan UDP. Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlu adanya perbaikan ataupun modifikasi pada mekanisme congestion control yang dimiliki oleh SCTP. Penggunaan mekanisme ECN dan AQM  pada beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua mekanisme ini dapat menurunkan delay dan jitter. Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian terhadap kualitas VoIP di atas SCTP yang menggunakan ECN dan AVQ pada network simulator NS2. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mekanisme ECN dan AVQ pada protokol SCTP menghasilkan kualitas VoIP yang lebih baik pada kondisi jaringan yang tidak ideal (high Latency low Bandwidth dan low Latency low Bandwidth dari pada penggunaan protokol SCTP tanpa menggunakan mekanisme ECN dan AVQ. Penelitian ini juga melakukan perbandingan nilai MOS panggilan VoIP SCTP yang menggunakan ECN dan AVQ dengan nilai MOS panggilan VoIP yang menggunakan protokol TCP dan UDP. Hasilnya SCTP dengan ECN dan AVQ mengungguli TCP namun belum dapat mengungguli UDP. Kata kunci— VoIP, SCTP, ECN, AQM,AVQ. AbstractVoIP is the real time applications that are highly dependent on the quality of  delay and jitter, which it is difficult to be met by protocol that has reliable data transfer feature and  congestion control such as TCP. On the other hand the use of UDP that has no congestion control make chance of causing congestion in the network is very large. The use of SCTP as an alternative protocol was also not able to accommodate the weaknesses of TCP and UDP. Some research shows that repairs or modifications to the SCTP congestion control mechanism is needed.The Use of ECN and AQM in some studies show that these two mechanisms can reduce delay and jitter. This study tested the quality of VoIP over SCTP with ECN and AVQ, in NS2. Simulations carried out by independent replication technique, and the results showed that ECN and AVQ can increase the value of MOS VoIP calls significantly in non ideal network scenarios. This study also did comparison of SCTP MOS that uses ECN and AVQ with MOS values VoIP using TCP and UDP. The result showed that SCTP with ECN and AVQ outperform TCP but can not surpass UDP yet. Keywords— VoIP, SCTP, ECN, AQM,AVQ.
Covert Channel Pada Aliran Data Websocket untuk Komunikasi Messaging XMPP
Authors: Pramudita Yoga Dwitya , Pulungan Reza
Published: January 2017

AbstrakLayanan komunikasi Instant Messaging menyediakan berbagai fitur komunikasi yang bisa digunakan oleh pengguna, diantaranya adalah text messaging (pesan teks) baik online maupun offline. Salah satu standar protokol yang mendukung layanan ini adalah XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol). Aliran komunikasi XMPP menggunakan potongan dokumen XML, sehingga rentan terhadap serangan pasif monitoring konten paket komunikasi. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan ini solusinya adalah menggunakan komunikasi yang terenkripsi. Selain itu ada solusi lain yang coba ditawarkan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu penggunaan covert channel untuk mengirim pesan secara tersembunyi. Dalam penelitian ini akan dibuat sebuah aplikasi klien XMPP berbasis web browser yang mampu melakukan komunikasi XMPP dan juga menyediakan komunikasi covert channel. Komunikasi XMPP agarbisa berjalan diatas aplikasi berbasis web browser maka digunakanlah protokol WebSocket. Protokol inilah yang nantinya akan dieksploitasi pada sisi header, khususnya pada field masking-key untuk memuat pesan covert channel yang dikirimkan pada saat sesi komunikasi XMPP berlangsung. Dari hasil ujicoba, aplikasi klien covert channel mampu menghasilkan komunikasi dengan lebar data 3 byte perpaket. Aplikasi Klien juga mampu melakukan komunikasi covert channel pada kondisi link komunikasi dengan tingkat probabilitas packet loss dibawah 10%. Kata kunci— WebSocket, XMPP, masking-key, Covert Channel, aplikasi klien berbasis browser. AbstractInstant Messaging communication services provide a variety of communication features that can be used by the user, such as text messaging (text messages) both online and offline. One of the standard protocol that supports this service is XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol). XMPP communication using XML documents, making it vulnerable to passive attacks monitoring content of  communications. To overcome this drawback the solution is encrypted communications. The other solutions that try to offer in this research is the use of a covert channel to send hidden messages. In this research will create a browser based XMPP client application that is capable to deliver XMPP communication and also provide covert channel communication. XMPP communication can be built on a web-based application using WebSocket protocol. This protocol will exploit field masking-key to load the covert channel messages that is sent during the session XMPP communication takes place. From the test results, the client application is able to produce a covert channel communication with a data width of 3 bytes in each packet. The client application is also able to perform covert communication channel in a communication link with the condition of the probability of packet loss rate below 10%. Keywords— WebSocket, XMPP, masking-key, Covert Channel, browser based application.
Identifikasi Gangguan Neurologis Menggunakan Metode Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)
Authors: Kusanti Jani , Hartati Sri
Published: January 2017

AbstrakPenggunaan metode Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) dalam proses identifikasi salah satu gangguan neurologis pada bagian kepala yang dikenal dalam istilah kedokteran stroke ischemic dari hasil ct scan kepala dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi  yang terkena stroke ischemik. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam proses identifikasi antara lain ekstraksi citra hasil ct scan kepala dengan menggunakan histogram. Citra hasil proses histogram ditingkatkan intensitas hasil citranya dengan menggunakan threshold otsu sehingga didapatkan hasil pixel yang diberi nilai 1 berkaitan dengan obyek sedangkan pixel yang diberi nilai 0 berkaitan dengan background. Hasil pengukuran digunakan untuk proses clustering image, untuk proses cluster image digunakan fuzzy c-mean (FCM). Hasil clustering merupakan deretan pusat cluster, hasil  data digunakan untuk membangun fuzzy inference system (FIS). Sistem inferensi fuzzy yang diterapkan adalah inferensi fuzzy model Takagi-Sugeno-Kang. Dalam penelitian ini ANFIS digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan hasil penentuan lokasi penyumbatan stroke ischemic. Digunakan recursive least square estimator (RLSE) untuk pembelajaran. Hasil RMSE yang didapat pada proses pelatihan sebesar 0.0432053, sedangkan pada proses pengujian dihasilkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 98,66% Kata kunci—stroke ischemik, Global threshold, Fuzzy Inference System model Sugeno, ANFIS, RMSE  Abstract            The use of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) methods in the process of identifying one of neurological disorders in the head, known in medical terms ischemic stroke from the ct scan of the head in order to identify the location of ischemic stroke. The steps are performed in the extraction process of identifying, among others, the image of the ct scan of the head by using a histogram. Enhanced image of the intensity histogram image results using Otsu threshold to obtain results pixels rated 1 related to the object while pixel rated 0 associated with the measurement background. The result used for image clustering process, to process image clusters used fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering result is a row of the cluster center, the results of the data used to construct a fuzzy inference system (FIS). Fuzzy inference system applied is fuzzy inference model of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang. In this study ANFIS is used to optimize the results of the determination of the location of the blockage ischemic stroke. Used recursive least squares estimator (RLSE) for learning. RMSE results obtained in the training process of 0.0432053, while in the process of generated test accuracy rate of 98.66% Keywords— Stroke Ischemik, Global threshold, Fuzzy Inference System model Sugeno, ANFIS, RMSE
PENILAIAN KONDISI TRANSFORMATOR DAYA PADA PT.X
Authors: Badaruddin Badaruddin , Hutabarat Ramot M.
Published: January 2017

Transformator daya merupakan peralatan yang vital dalam penyaluran energi listrik dari unit pembangkit menuju sistem jaringan saluran tegangan. Kehandalan transformator daya sangat penting untuk keberhasilan operasi dari sistem tenaga listrik. Untuk itu dilakukan pendekatan sistematis dengan cara mengetahui kondisi peralatan komponen utama dari transformator daya tersebut. Transformator secara ideal memiliki useful life sesuai dengan design life yang direkomendasikan yaitu 30 tahun. Sedangkan transformator daya PT X sudah tidak berada dalam range useful life, dimana transformator daya tersebut diproduksi oleh Takaoka Electric pada tahun 1976. Oleh karena factor usia transformator yang sudah berumur maka diperlukan inspeksi khusus secara mendalamsebagai pendukung untuk membuat keputusan pembatasan operasi atau keputusan investasi pembangkit secara tepat dan tidak merugikan unit pembangkit itu sendiri. Untuk itu penulis melakukan serangkaian pengujian dan analisa penilaian kondisi transformator daya PT X untuk memperoleh nilai kondisi dengan mengacu  pada referensi penilaian HAP (Hydro Power Advancement Project). Hasil penilaian kondisi diharapkan nantinya akan digunakan sebagai bahan pendukung tindak lanjut pengambilan keputusan oleh PT. X.
Transformasi Struktur Nafkah Pedesaan: Pertumbuhan “Modal Sosial Bentukan” dalam Skema Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat di Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: M Purnomo Agustina , Hadi Dharmawan Arya
Published: January 2017

Sumber-sumber nafkah bentukan (constructed livelihood resources) yang disemaikan bagi petani oleh agensi ekstra-lokal (Negara), ternyata tidak serta-merta dimaknai secara sama-dan-sebangun oleh masyarakat lokal. Respons yang diberikan secara berbeda itu disebabkan, masyarakat lokal memiliki logika, sistem etika atau cara-pandang yang berbeda dalam membangun sistem nafkah mereka. Sistem norma, nilai dan tradisi lokal ikut mempengaruhi proses formasi sistem nafkah pedesaan secara keseluruhan. Pembentukan sumber-sumber nafkah artifisial yang menggunakan rasionalisme ekonomi non-lokal membawa akibat pada inefisiensi sistem yang mubazir. Respons non-receptive dari petani lokal atas hadirnya keterlimpahan kelembagaan nafkah bentukan (artificial livelihood institution endowment) yang dibangun oleh agensi ekstra-lokal di sekitar hutan di Kuningan Jawa Barat, menjadi bukti bahwa memang ada perbedaan sistem rasionalitas yang nyata antara Negara (dalam hal ini Perum Perhutani) dengan apa yang dianut oleh komunitas lokal. Studi ini hendak melihat mengapa sebuah kelembagaan nafkah hasil bentukan dari agensi ekstra-lokal (Perum Perhutani) mengalami disfungsionalitas-peran dalam menopang dan mentransformasikan keseluruhan sistem nafkah di pedesaan sekitar hutan
Pengetahuan Lokal Masyarakat Adat Kasepuhan: Adaptasi, Konflik dan Dinamika Sosio-Ekologis
Authors: Rahmawati Rita , Idris Gentini Dian E
Published: January 2017

Masyarakat Kasepuhan merupakan masyarakat adat Sunda yang hidup di sekitar Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun - Salak (TNGHS). Masyarakat adat ini mempunyai kekhasan dalam mengatur kehidupan warganya dalam berelasi dengan alam. Melalui konsep pancer pangawinan masyarakat mensandarkan kehidupannya pada keterikatan atas tanah. Permasalahannya sekarang adalah sejak diterbitkannya kebijakan perluasan Taman Nasional melalui SK Menteri Kehutanan Nomor 175/Kpts-II/2003, tanah yang dulu dikuasai oleh masyarakat berubah status menjadi tanah Taman Nasional. Perubahan status tanah tersebut menyebabkan hilangnya akses masyarakat terhadap tanah. Kondisi ini menempatkan masyarakat pada kondisi konflik dengan Pengelola TNGHS. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivisme (Denzin, 2000). Teknik pengumpulan data melalui indepth interview, observasi partisipan, dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil dan temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengetahuan lokal masyarakat Kasepuhan dalam hal mengatur kelestarian lingkungan dan bagaimana lingkungan tersebut dapat memberi manfaat untuk kehidupan masyarakat. Misalkan dengan adanya konsep Ibu Bumi, Bapak Langit dan Guru Mangsa, Leuit dan Wewengkon Hutan. Pengetahuan ini telah dikembangkan secara turun temurun dan mengatur relasi masyarakat dengan alam (hutan). Namun pertarungan pengetahuan masyarakat lokal dan pengelola TNGHS telah menyebabkan teralienasinya pengetahuan lokal tersebut. Dengan mengacu pada konsep Escobar (1999), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan lokal dalam mengelola sumber daya alam dapat dipandang sebagai rezim alam organik, dimana sejak diberlakukannya SK Menteri Kehutanan tentang perluasan TNGHS, masyarakat lokal dengan alam organiknya sedang berhadapan dengan pengelola TNGHS selaku rezim alam negara yang dalam prakteknya bertumpu pada pengetahuan kapitalis dan tekno, dalam memperjuangkan hak akses atas tanah.
Water is important resources to fulfill human needs. So, water resources must managed properly in order to maintain the sustainability of resources. Water resources management should adapt to each area’s characteristic because it has different local wisdom. Local wisdom not only as the features of a community, but also as the effort for ecological environment sustainability. The purpose of this research is to identify the form of local wisdom that existed in Kampung Kuta and identify local wisdom implementation in taking care of water resources sustainability. The method of this research is qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Researcher uses methodologies triangulation that is deep interview, limited of perception shares, and observation. This research is conduct in the countryside of Karangpaningal, District of Tambaksari, Sub-Province of Ciamis, Province of West Java. The result of this research shows existence of Pamali as the form of local wisdom that defended society in by generations. The form of pamali that become obligatory tradition norm of society that is continuity of tradition house, enjoinment of dead body obsequies, enjoinment of well making, and continuity Hutan Keramat. Pamali has given positive impact of water resources sustainability in Kampung Kuta. This condition are proved with the of appreciation Kalpataru in the case of environment sustainability in 2002.
Authors: Oktaviani Sumarna Aulia Tia , Hadi Dharmawan Arya
Published: January 2017

Water is important resources to fulfill human needs. So, water resources must managed properly  in  order  to  maintain  the  sustainability  of  resources.  Water  resources management should adapt to each area’s characteristic because it has different local wisdom. Local wisdom not only as the features of a community, but also as the effort for ecological environment sustainability. The purpose of this research is to identify the form of local wisdom that existed in Kampung Kuta and identify local wisdom implementation in taking care of water resources sustainability. The method of this research is qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Researcher uses methodologies triangulation that is deep interview, limited of perception shares, and observation. This research is conduct in the countryside of Karangpaningal, District of Tambaksari, Sub-Province of Ciamis, Province of West Java. The result of this research shows existence of Pamali as the form of local wisdom that defended society in by generations. The form of pamali that become obligatory tradition norm of society that is continuity of tradition house, enjoinment of dead body obsequies, enjoinment of well making, and continuity Hutan Keramat. Pamali has given positive impact of water resources sustainability in Kampung Kuta.  This  condition are  proved with  the  of  appreciation Kalpataru in  the  case  of environment sustainability in 2002.
DIALEKTIKA AL-QUR'AN DENGAN POLA PIKIR KEBERAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT ARAB: Analisis Psiko-Sosial
Authors: Wathani Syamsul
Published: January 2017

This article discusses the mindset of Arab society towards religion which is answered and it was changed after the Koran came. This relationship is dialectic, the Arab community as khitab al-Qur’an. The approach used by the social history of social psychoanalysis. With this approach, this article found some important conclusions.  (1) Social history emphasizes that geographic factors, psychological, and social culture have shaped their social siko. Psycho-social impact on their perspectives on God and Religion. God was related to a god (dewa) who can help the biological necessities of life, although not psychologically soothing. As the unsound of the psico-social condition, the way they understand the religions is not correct. They profess religion, somehow does not feel the presence of God. The more they worship Gods, the more discrepancies, social injustices, and tyranny happen. Responding to that matter, the Quran apply persuasive method as the advice (al-din al-nasihah), and discussion (jidal) as their way of thought on religion. (2) The Qur'an came alter their patterns of psychological evolution, from an-nafs al-ammara as bi-su’ society into an-nafs al-lawwamah, until in the end, they had a quiet soul (an-nafs al-Mutmainnah)
PERANAN WAKAF PRODUKTIF PEMUDA MUHAMMADIYAH UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN WARGA DESA LONGKEYANG, BODEH, PEMALANG
Authors: Bahri Amirul
Published: January 2017

This study aims to examine the role of productive endowments Muhammadiyah Youth in Longkeyang, Bodeh, Pemalang. As for the issue being studied is how the first step and productive management of waqf movement Muhammadiyah Youth in Longkeyang? In addition, it will also examine how far the role of Muhammadiyah youth in productive endowments Longkeyang for the welfare of citizens. The results of this study, among others, the initial step of productive endowments movement Muhammadiyah Youth in Longkeyang namely, the anxiety of citizens and Muhammadiyah youth with a stagnant organization, so no worries "if Muhammadiyah in Longkeyang soon going to run out". Then the Working Body Shaping Development Branch of Muhammadiyah (BP2RM) and Gerakan Desa Wakaf Longkeyang coins For Productive Waqf. Meanwhile, the management of waqf productive Muhammadiyah Youth in Longkeyang the coins collected from endowments then bought land 1,500 m and maximized as initial capital. Then, the donated land is managed jointly. Meanwhile, the role of productive endowments Muhammadiyah youth for the welfare of citizens in Longkeyang could be felt, especially on the management of waqf land and also from intercropping banana crops. In addition, some programs that have resulted from the productive management of waqf endowments shroud and fund education in schools for cadres of Muhammadiyah.
Effects of Plant Cover Improvements for Nesting Ducks on Grassland Songbirds
Authors: Lapointe Stéphane , Bélanger Luc , Giroux Jean-François , Filion Bernard
Published: January 2017

Several islands located along the St. Lawrence River in southern Quebec have been used as natural pastureland by cattle for decades. Recently, a rest-rotation grazing system and dense nesting cover were established on four islands near Varennes to improve duck nesting conditions. The effects of these two plant cover improvements on the abundance of grassland songbirds were assessed through four treatments: (1) idle fields with no vegetation improvement but exclusion of cattle (IDLE), (2) improved pastures with seeding of forage plants for cattle (IMPP), (3) dense seeded nesting cover fields improved for ducks and where cattle were excluded (DNC), and (4) natural or unimproved pastures grazed by cattle after the duck nesting season (UIPP). The overall abundance of birds was similar among treatments before cover improvements as well as two years after. The abundance of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) was significantly greater in DNC and UIPP two years after treatments while Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were more abundant in DNC and IDLE. Plant cover improvements had little impact on Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) abundance. Furthermore, few annual or treatment-related changes were observed for less abundant species. On the short-term, duck nesting cover improvements in natural pastures did not have any major effect on grassland songbirds on Varennes islands.
Field Identification of the Mice Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis and P. maniculatus gracilis in Central New York
Authors: Lindquist Erin Stewart , Aquadro Charles F. , McClearn Deedra , McGowan Kevin J.
Published: January 2017

Field identification of the White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis) and Long-tailed Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis) is difficult because of their similar external morphology. Peromyscus were sampled by live-trapping during a five-year period (1992-1996) at the Arnot Teaching and Research Forest, Van Etten, New York and identified to species by electrophoresis of their salivary amylase. No electromorphs were shared between P. leucopus and P. maniculatus, thus permitting unambiguous species identification of individuals. Means and ranges of four external measurements (ear, head-body, hind-foot, and tail) and tail to head-body ratio were determined for amylase-genotyped live mice. Although some body measurements did differ on average between the two species (ear, head-body, and tail for adults; hind-foot and tail for juveniles), the ranges of these overlap considerably. When the four external measurements (excluding the tail to head-body ratio) were used to construct two discriminant-function equations, they yielded correct identification of 80% of the adult P. l. noveboracensis and P. m. gracilis assessed excluding juveniles, and 71% of adult and juvenile mice combined. The function reported here allows partial field identification, but genetic analysis remains the only reliable field method for differentiation between live P. l. noveboracensis and P. m. gracilis. Includes erratum for a figure in this article.
Patterns of Nestling Feeding in Harris's Sparrows, Zonotrichia querula and White-crowned Sparrows, Z. leucophrys, in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Norment Christopher J.
Published: January 2017

Patterns of nestling feeding by males and females were compared in sympatric populations of Harris’s Sparrows (Zonotrichia querula) and Gambel’s White-crowned Sparrows (Z. leucophrys gambelii) in the Northwest Territories, Canada. In both species, only the female brooded young. Total feeding rate (both parents), and male and female feeding rates, increased with nestling age in both species; total feeding rates did not differ significantly between species. Nestlings of both species were fed most frequently by females during the early part of the nestling period (day 0-5), and feeding rates did not approach parity until nestlings were 6-8 d old. Patterns of nestling feeding, including initially low male provisioning, in Harris’s Sparrows and White-crowned Sparrows at my low arctic study site were similar to those in other populations of Zonotrichia. Low levels of male nestling care, relative to females, appears to be relatively uncommon among socially monogamous passerines. Reduced male care may be adaptive in temperate environments, as it would allow males to pursue other mating opportunities. However, reasons for persistence of the trait in the low arctic, where breeding is highly synchronous, remain unclear.
New Records of Vascular Plants in the Yukon Territory V
Authors: Cody William J. , Kennedy Catherine E. , Bennett Bruce , Staniforth Jennifer
Published: January 2017

Based on field reconnaissance in 2000 and 2001 throughout Yukon but particularly in the areas of the Upper Bonnet Plume River, Wind River, Eagle Plains and Vuntut National Park, information is provided on geographically significant plant occurrences. Three native taxa, Draba kananaskis, Hieracium albiflorum and Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata and five introduced taxa, Alopecurus geniculatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elymus junceus, Lotus corniculatus, and Verbena hastata are reported new to the known flora of the Yukon Territory. Signifigant range extensions for 190 native and 24 introduced taxa are included. Maianthemum dilatatum is excluded from the Yukon flora.
Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda, One-leaved Malaxis, new to the Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Cody William J. , Johnston Victoria
Published: January 2017

The orchid, Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda, is reported from Yellowknife, this being the first record for the Northwest Territories and an extension of about 650 kilometers to the northeast from the nearest population in northern British Columbia.
Small Mammal Abundance and Diversity in Forests With and Without Canada Yew, Taxus canadensis
Authors: Belant Jerrold L. , Windels Steve K.
Published: January 2017

Canada Yew (Taxus canadensis) has been extirpated from much of its former range in northeastern North America possibly due to logging, fire, agriculture, and browsing by White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We compared the relative abundance and species diversity of small mammals in five northern hardwood stands containing Canada Yew to five adjacent stands without Canada Yew in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, during October-November 2000. Overall, 72 individuals were captured (53 in yew, 19 in non-yew); dominant species were Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda), Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), and Red-backed Vole (Clethrionomys gapperi). Overall mean (+ sd) capture rate (individuals/100 adjusted trap nights) in sites with yew (5.5 + 2.2) was greater (P = 0.04) than mean capture rate in sites without yew (1.9 + 1.0). Three indices of species diversity suggested greater small mammal diversity in stands with Canada Yew understories in northern hardwood forests.
The Wood Turtle, Glyptemys insculpta, at River Denys: A Second Population for Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
Authors: Gräf Andreas , Gilhen John , Adams Jill D.
Published: January 2017

The Wood Turtle, Glyptemys insculpta, population at River Denys, Inverness County, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, was unknown except locally until listed in a provincial survey in 1995. Subsequently a hatchling was photographed at McLennan Brook on 17 September 1999, and three adult males were photographed between 14 and 19 September 2000. Two adult females were photographed at South Side River Denys on 18 June 2001. An excavated nest and empty egg shells were located at the same time on a stony-gravel bank at the outflow of McLennan Brook, and one sub-adult male was found at the edge of a hay field on 19 August 2001. Additional observations made of a nesting site and five basking sites, mostly along the main branch of River Denys, provide further evidence that a breeding population of Wood Turtles exists in River Denys watershed.
Canopy Interception of Acid Deposition in Southern Ontario
Authors: Carlson Jules , Gough William A. , Karagatzides Jim D. , Tsuji Leonard J. S.
Published: January 2017

The impact of tree canopies on acid deposition was examined. Differences in the chemical composition of unintercepted precipitation (dustfall) and canopy was intercepted precipitation (throughfall) at 18 southern Ontario forests, collected during the summers of 1995-1996, were chemically analyzed. The methodology of collection and analysis validated using consistency checks for interception loss, maintenance of electrical neutrality and ion correlation. T-test analyses found throughfall fluxes of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and NO3- were significantly higher than dustfall flux (p < 0.05), consistent with other studies. Barrie and nearby sites at Orillia and Bracebridge had larger dustfall depositions of base cations and Cl- suggesting a nearby source of these ions. T-tests revealed large exceedances of pH and sulphate concentration in dustfall over throughfall at the two Scarborough sites; a local point source of sulphates in the Greater Toronto Area was suspected.
Comparison of the Ground Vegetation in Spruce Plantations and Natural Forest in the Greater Fundy Ecosystem, New Brunswick
Authors: Veinotte Cam , Freedman Bill , Maass Wolfgang , Kirstein Friederike
Published: January 2017

We studied changes in ground vegetation associated with the conversion of natural, mature, mixed-species forest into conifer plantations in southeastern New Brunswick. This was done to determine the degree to which plant-associated biodiversity was affected by this forestry practice. Species of lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants were examined in a 21-year chronosequence of 12 Black Spruce (Picea mariana) plantations and compared to 8 stands of natural forest of the type replaced. The richness, diversity, and density of species were greatest during younger stages of the plantation sere, with as many as 170 species occurring in a 6-year-old stand. Species occurred in successional stages according to their abilities to: (a) survive disturbances associated with clear-cutting and plantation establishment; (b) regenerate vegetatively; (c) re-establish from a persistent seedbank; (d) invade disturbed habitat by dispersed seeds; and/or (e) tolerate environmental stress imposed by the overtopping canopy during stand development. Multivariate analyses suggested that successional factors had the strongest influence on differences in the ground vegetation among stands of various ages. Gaps in the canopy of reference forest and older plantations provided microsite conditions similar to those of early seral stages, allowing some ruderal species to persist in older stands. Nonindigenous species were almost entirely limited to younger plantations. Some species of natural forest were rare or absent from plantations and may be at risk from the extensive development of these agroforestry habitats in our study region; these included Acer pensylvanicum, Cephaloziella spp., Chiloscyphus spp., Fagus grandifolia, Lepidozia reptans, Nowellia curvifolia, Odontoschisma denudatum, and Viburnum alnifolium.
Seasonal Habitat Use and Movements of Mountain Goats, Oreamnos americanus, in East-central British Columbia
Authors: Poole Kim G. , Heard Douglas C.
Published: January 2017

To identify the potential for adverse effects of forest development on Mountain Goats (Oreamnos americanus), we documented the patterns of forest use by goats and the factors influencing goat habitat use. We used a combination of 15 very high frequency (VHF) and six global positioning system (GPS) radiocollars to document the distribution and movements of 21 (15 female, 6 male) goats from 1997 to 1999 in the mountains surrounding the Robson Valley in east-central British Columbia. Because canopy closure reduces the likelihood that a GPS receiver will obtain a location fix, we estimated that GPS collars underrepresented forest use by about 23%. Three goats used separate winter and summer ranges separated by 8–13 km, while most simply exhibited seasonal shifts in elevation. In winter, goats were more often at lower elevations, in commercial forest stands, on southerly aspects, and moved less each hour and over the course of the winter. Goat use declined in areas >500 m from escape terrain and goats were found lower in elevation from evening to dawn compared to daylight hours. Collared goats used high elevation licks, which were either within their home range, or in two cases, 6 and 14 km from their typical home range. We documented use of known mid-elevation mineral licks by three collared goats, but no use of known low elevation (valley bottom and lower slopes) mineral licks. Robson Valley goats appeared to be at relatively low risk from disturbances related to logging, because although forest use was documented during winter, it occurred primarily on high elevation, steep slopes where trees are currently of low commercial value, and goats made little use of low elevation mineral licks. We recommend that in this area a forested buffer of 500 m around cliffs be left to reduce the possibility of adverse effects on goats especially, on southerly aspects above 1300 m.
Black Bear, Ursus americanus, Denning Chronology and Den Site Selection in the Northeastern Cascades of Washington
Authors: Gaines William L.
Published: January 2017

I studied Black Bear denning chronology and den site selection during 1995-1998 in the northeastern Cascade Mountains of Washington. Male Black Bears entered dens between 22 October and 19 November and emerged between 4 April and 7 May. Females entered dens somewhat sooner, between 15 October and 19 November, and emerged later than males, 4 April and 22 May. These den entry and emergence dates were similar to those reported at similar lattitudes in northwestern Montana. Roads had an important influence on den site selection by Black Bears in this study area. Bears selected dens in areas with no open roads >200 ha in size, >500 m from the nearest open road, and 1500-2000 m in elevation. The combination of information on denning chronology and site characterstics should allow managers to coordinate human activities to reduce the potential for disturbance to denning Black Bears.