bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydro and Fuel Electric Power - Eastern Canada
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the electrical generating network in Eastern Canada circa 1954. Generating plants are shown as either developed waterpower sites (in other words, hydro plants), or as fuel electric
plants (thermal plants). The plants are portrayed on the basis of their capacity, measured in horsepower. The map also shows transmission lines of 60 000 volts or higher. Note that in a number of cases, cartographic considerations require that two or more side-by-side transmission lines be shown as
a single line on the map. An interesting feature of the map is that it shows the location of potential hydro sites. Each of these is shown by a proportional circle measuring its potential capacity. There is an inset with two pie charts showing the distribution of net generating capability of
facilities in 1954. Net Generating Capability estimates are based on actual operating experience assuming all equipment is available at the time of annual pe
Federal Electoral Districts - 1952
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a main map that shows eleven condensed maps of the Federal Electoral Districts as created by the Representation Order circa 1952. There are 265 members representing 263 districts (Halifax and
Queen's on Prince Edward Island each have two members). The map is surrounded by eleven maps showing urban areas. All of these urban maps are at the same scale - 1:650 000. A table on the map lists the names of most districts. However, the districts in the urban insets are named directly on each
inset map.
Soil Regions
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the areas of principal soil groups which are divided into 48 subgroups. Two graphs are included. One is a bar chart showing the principal soil groups and their distribution by
provinces and territories. The other is a pie chart displaying the percentage areas of principal soil groups.
Fodder Crops and Intensive Crops
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows seven condensed maps showing the distribution of areas devoted to growing fodder, hay, corn for silage, sugar beets, potatoes, vegetable crops, orchards, and tobacco circa 1951.
The hay map includes all cultivated hay, including alfalfa sown alone but excluding oats and other grains for hay. For the vegetable map, the crops include cabbage, carrots, beans, peas, onions, sweet corn, tomatoes, asparagus, beets, cauliflower, celery, lettuce, and spinach but exclude potatoes,
turnips, swedes and mangolds. Except for Newfoundland, the vegetables were grown mainly for sale. The two maps dealing with orchards show only the acreage devoted to tree fruits, mainly apples, pears, peaches, plums and cherries. Farms with fewer than 25 fruit trees were ignored, as were fruit trees
that were definitely abandoned and worthless. The maps on this plate are accompanied by pie charts showing the percentage distribution of seeded or plant
Hydrographic Charts
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the coverage of hydrographic charts produced by the Surveys and Mapping Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, circa 1958. It also shows portions of three
published sheets which illustrate the kinds of hydrographic charts available. The section entitled Inland Waters is part of Coast Chart 2303, Inland Waters, Great Lakes, Jackfish Bay to St. Ignace Island, Lake Superior. The Harbour Chart is part of Harbour Chart 3418, Vancouver Harbour. The Coastal
Chart is part of Coast Chart 4311, Atlantic Ocean, Egg Island to Pennant Point, southeast coast of Nova Scotia.
Food Industries
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows six condensed maps illustrating the distribution of: slaughtering and meat packing plants; wheat flour mills and grain elevators; creameries, cheese factories, combined butter and
cheese factories, concentrated milk and other dairy product factories (mainly ice cream); bakeries; fruit and vegetable canneries; and breweries, distilleries and wineries. These maps are based on data that was available as of the 1958 publication date of this atlas plate.
Populated Places - Gulf of St. Lawrence area
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows as many populated places in the Gulf of St. Lawrence area as the scale of the map will permit. It also indicates, within certain limits, the number of inhabitants at each place
according to the 1951 Census of Canada. The map also distinguishes between those cities, towns and villages which were incorporated settlements, and those that were not.
Ranges of Principal Mammals
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows 20 condensed maps with only mammals that are well-known to Canada. The ranges, for the most part, indicate present and usual distribution. The rare or occasional occurrences have
not been shown. As there is still much to be learned about the fauna in parts of northern Canada, some range limits are hypothetical. It should not be assumed that all species may be found throughout their respective ranges as indicated on these maps, distribution within their broad ranges is
frequently limited to particular but discontinuous habitats.
Major Roads
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the status of major Canadian roads and ferry routes circa 1955. Roads are indicated as being paved, gravel or improved. The majority of the roads are provincial highways. Each
provincial highway is identified by its highway number. The map highlights the Trans-Canada Highway, which was under development in the 1950s. The portions of this road, on this map, are classed on the basis of road surface, and also on their construction status. Note that no portion of this highway
is shown for Quebec as that province was not a party to the Federal-Provincial agreements concerning construction of the highway in the 1950s. The map also has a large table showing road distances between major centres in Canada.
Mapping the Coasts, 1492-1874
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the a series of reproduced historical maps. The first maps, from Stephanius to Zaltieri, illustrate the emergence of the concept of a new continent of America. Behaims globe
indicates the general belief that Europe and Asia were separated principally by water. Ruyschs map is one of the earliest that shows the discoveries of Columbus, Cabot, the Corte Reals and Vespucci. The Waldseemulle map and the Agnese map of 1540 depicts a new continent. The Ptolemy map of 1548
shows that to many people there was still the possibility that America and Asia were joined in the north. The next maps from La Cosa to Velasco, show how the shape of the northeast coast of North America was mapped. These maps show the early doubts as to whether the new discoveries were part of a
continuous coast or merely islands in the Atlantic and the eventual resolution of these doubts. Desceliers showed that by 1550 the St. Lawrence estuary was known a
Populated Places - The Far West
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows as many populated places in the southern halves of Alberta, British Columbia and a portion of Saskatchewan, as the scale of the map will permit. It also indicates, within certain
limits, the number of inhabitants at each place according to the 1956 Census of Canada. The map also distinguishes between those places which were incorporated and those which were not. Therefore, it shows the urban municipalities in those parts of the various provinces covered by the
map.
Rural Municipalities - Eastern Canada
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the location and extent of rural municipalities in Eastern Canada circa late 1950s. County, township and other rural municipalities are indicated. Key tables for numbered
municipalities are included.
Forest Inventory Maps
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the portions of land in four condensed maps which illustrate the kind of forest maps that were being prepared from air photographs with a minimum of groundwork by the Forestry
Branch of the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources in the 1950s. Such maps not only show more detail than can be shown on a general forest regions map but also enable sample areas to be located which, when investigated on the ground, provide estimates of timber volumes. These maps
are also of value to those responsible for forest protection and the suppression of forest fires. The first of the maps reproduced here illustrates an area of almost continuous forest in the rough terrain of the Alberta foothills (from sheet 82 0/14 - Marble Mountain). The second shows forested
areas broken only by a few scattered farms (from sheet 31 0/10 - Mitchinamecus River, Quebec). The third shows an area almost equally divided between farm and f
Rural Municipalities - Great Lakes - St. Lawrence area
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the location and extent of rural municipalities in the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence area circa late 1950s. County, township and other rural municipalities are indicated. Tables for
numbered municipalities are included, listed by the province in which it is located.
Vancouver et Victoria
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four condensed maps of both Vancouver and Victoria. The first two maps display stages of urban growth for Vancouver, for periods ranging from 1886 to 1956 and Victoria, for
periods ranging from 1851 to 1955. The two remaining maps show the extent and classification of land use for 1955 for both of these cities. The urban growth maps represent the expansion of areas occupied by structures, yet the small open areas classified as parks and playgrounds on the land-use maps
are also included.
Stations météorologiques et régions de prévision du temps
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution of various types of weather-reporting stations, as well as the way in which Canada is divided for purposes of issuing weather information to the public. One map
shows the seven Public Weather Forecast Districts of Canada, and their component areas. A larger map shows the location of weather offices and stations. The largest of these offices are the Public Weather Offices. Each forecast district has one or more public weather offices; these provide the
public weather services needed by the district. The map also shows Synoptic Weather Reporting Stations. These are locations from which weather observations are made on a routine basis by trained weather observers, usually at 6-hour periods each day. The other locations shown on the map are
climatological stations. These are locations from which observations of temperature, precipitation and other weather elements are made once or twice daily, usually by
Répartition de la population (1851 1941)
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the distribution of population in what is now Canada circa 1851, 1871, 1901, 1921 and 1941. The five maps display the boundaries of the various colonies, provinces and
territories for each date. Also shown on these five maps are the locations of principal cities and settlements. These places are shown on all of the maps for reference purposes even though they may not have been in existence in the earlier years. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart providing the
percentage distribution of Canadian population by province and territory corresponding to the date the map is based on. It should be noted that the pie chart entitled Percentage Distribution of Total Population, 1851, refers to the whole of what was then British North America. The name Canada in
this chart refers to the province of Canada which entered confederation in 1867 as Ontario and Quebec. The other pie charts, however, show only percentage distribut
Pêcheries des côtes de lOuest
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate showing general distribution in eight condensed maps of the certain species of West Coast fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and indicates the areas of greatest catches and amounts taken for most
species. These maps are based largely on statistics for landings of fish in 1952. The recorded ranges indicate where the various species are generally distributed.
Blé et orge
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows two condensed maps for the distribution of areas seeded in wheat and barley for harvesting circa 1951. Therefore, in the case of wheat, the areas include those seeded in the fall
of 1950 as well as those seeded in the spring of 1951. These two maps are both accompanied by pie charts showing the percentage distribution of seeded areas by province. No areas were devoted to either wheat or barley in Newfoundland.
Commerce intérieur, finance et construction
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows a map of six condensed maps of employment and related patterns for the leading service sectors as compiled from the 1951 Census. There are two maps referring to wholesale trade.
One of them shows the distribution of the labour force engaged in wholesale trade. This is shown by a dot pattern using one dot for every 200 people of this labour force, and using proportional symbols for all places employing 2 000 or more. The other wholesale trade map shows percentage of net
value of sales from wholesale trade in each census division. There are two similar maps of retail trade. One, showing the distribution of labour force, uses the same mapping procedure as that of wholesale trade. The second map shows retail trade as a percentage of net value of sales for each census
division. The fifth map shows the distribution of the construction labour force, using the same mapping concepts as for the wholesale trade map. There is an
Combustibles minéraux, pipe-lines et raffineries
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the location and direction of flow of oil and gas pipelines along with the location of oil refineries. The daily crude oil capacity in barrels per day is indicated for refining
centres by means of proportional circles. The source data for refineries is for the end of 1955 and pipeline source data is for the end of 1957. An additional map shows the location of coal, oil and gas fields. The coal fields shown are the major ones which were being worked in 1955 and the oil and
gas fields shown were proven fields by the end of 1955. These maps are accompanied by three pie charts showing the provincial proportion of Canada's 1955 production of crude oil, natural gas and coal.
Vents et ensoleillement
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate consisting of four maps, two showing wind and two showing sunshine. On the wind maps, the percentage frequency of the wind for winter and summer from each direction is represented by means
of wind roses. Wind roses show wind direction and percentage frequency by means of lines proportional in length to the percentage frequency that extend out in the direction from which the wind blows. The percentage of calms is indicated by the figure in the centre of the station circle. The lower
maps show the mean annual total hours of bright sunshine. The data these maps were based on is the mean annual percentage of total daylight hours (sunrise to sunset) with bright sunshine calculated from an accumulation of the mean monthly totals for twelve months at some 125 stations across Canada.
All available data have been used; the length of record at most stations is between 20 and 50 years. To obtain values representing the mean annual percen
Végétation naturelle et flore
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the vegetation regions, and 19 smaller-scale maps showing distributions of particular plant species. The main map shows the distribution of 17 natural vegetation types and also
shows non-vegetated areas (existing glaciers). The smaller maps show the distribution of plants found in particular parts of Canada. The first set, for circumpolar species, shows plants found in the far north of Canada and other circumpolar countries. These species owe their wide distribution to
their extraordinary adaptability to and tolerance of climate, great variations in day length and tolerance of arctic soil-related factors. There are three regional sub-groups shown: high-arctic, alpine-arctic, and low-arctic. The maps of Amphi-Atlantic species refer to species found on both sides of
the Atlantic Ocean. Similarly, Amphi-Beringian refers to species found on both sides of the Bering Sea. The final set of maps, North American species, refer
Main-duvre et services agricoles
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows two condensed maps of the distribution of the agricultural labour force as of the 1951 census. The labour force engaged in agriculture includes farmers; stock raisers; farm
managers and foremen; farm labourers; the personnel of establishments primarily engaged in custom threshing, ploughing, silo filling, hay bailing, chicken hatching, egg grading, seed cleaning, etc.; and the personnel of establishments engaged in tree pruning, tree spraying, tree surgery, landscape
gardening and flower growing, etc. This map is accompanied by a pie chart showing the percentage distribution of the labour force engaged in agriculture by major occupational groups for 1951. The lower map shows the locations of agricultural education facilities and experimental stations.
Agricultural education facilities are denoted as being agricultural colleges, veterinary colleges, or agricultural schools. Experimental stations are shown as being Fede
Eaux navigables
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows three condensed maps of waterways known to be navigable as of the late 1950s, or those which had been used for navigation in the past. However, the map does not proport to show all
the waterways upon which navigation was possible. The map entitled Existing Canals shows all the canals in operation as of the late 1950s. Their evolution is shown on the inset diagram entitled Development of Canadian Canals which gives the dates of construction and operation depths of canals.
Several small maps featuring the Trent Canal System, St. Peter's Canal and the Welland Canal are also included on this plate. The St. Lawrence Seaway map shows the state of the St. Lawrence River, including the old canal system, dykes, locks and dams, prior to the construction of the Seaway, which
began in 1954. Areas of land that were to be flooded are indicated along with railways and highways which were to be relocated because of the flooding. Cons
Régions agricoles
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows two condensed maps illustrating the division of Canada into agricultural regions based on the percentage of total gross farm revenue obtained from a particular source in 1951. The
four primary divisions were made according to specific criteria. For Livestock Specialty divisions 70% or more of the gross farm revenue was from sales of livestock and livestock products. This was divided into three subdivisions: Dairy Emphasis, where sales of dairy products made up over
40% of total sales; Cattle Emphasis, where sales of cattle made up over 40% of sales; and General, where neither dairy products or cattle sales represented over 40% of total sales of livestock and livestock products. For Grain Specialty divisions 70% or more of the gross farm revenue
was from sales of grain and hay. This was divided into two subdivisions: General, where no single crop acreage exceeded 40% of the total acreage; and Wheat, where the wheat acr
Origines française et britannique
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows two condensed maps which use dots and proportional circles to illustrate the distribution of population of French and British origin, respectively, according to the 1951 census of
Canada. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart which shows the British origin and French origin percentage population distribution by province and territory. For Canadian census purposes, a person's origin or cultural group is traced through the father to the paternal ancestor on first arrival to
this continent. The term 'British' embraces all those of British Isles origin, that is, it includes those from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and the Republic of Ireland.
Bathymétrie et orographie Est du Canada
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the depths (bathymetry) of the waters in and around Eastern Canada, together with the relief (orography) of the land. The bathymetric information was supplied by the Canadian
Hydrographic Service; the orographic information by the Topographical Survey; and the names of the principal physical features by the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. There are also four profiles along meridians and parallels. All isolines and elevations are in
feet.
Métaux non ferreux Est du Canada
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows four condensed maps of non-ferrous metal mines, including refineries, smelters and reduction works that were in production or coming into production in Eastern Canada circa 1955.
As production figures for individual mines were not available, an attempt was made to convey their relative importance by showing the ore mill capacities. The metallurgical industries associated with non-ferrous metal mining convert most of the ore produced into metal in Canada but there were some
exceptions. No lithium metal was produced in Canada, while the product of the lithium mine in Quebec was shipped as spodumene concentrates; similarly, the product of the molybdenum mine in Quebec was shipped as molybdenum concentrates. Some titanium metal was produced, largely on an experimental
basis but most of the titanium, in the form of titanium dioxide, was exported for use in the pigment industry. The national map entitled Labour Force Engage
Gelée
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that consists of three maps based on the occurrence of a temperature of 32 degrees F (0 degrees C) or lower in a standard thermometer shelter at a level of four feet above the ground. Frost
may occur at grass level when the temperature in the shelter remains above freezing. On the other hand, freezing temperatures in the thermometer shelter are a definite indication of frost at grass level. The maps, showing the mean dates of the first occurrence in the fall and the last occurrence in
the spring of a temperature of 32 degrees F (0 degrees C), are representative of different localities in the country. The mean annual frost-free period is the average number of days between the last frost in the spring and the first frost in the fall.
Profils des principaux cours deau
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the profiles of 17 major rivers together with the positions of important cultural and physical features connected with them. These include hydro-electric power developments (circa
1955) and lakes and a reference map showing the locations of the 17 rivers.
Bathymétrie et orographie Nord du Canada
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the depths (bathymetry) of the waters in and around Northern Canada, together with the relief (orography) of the land. The bathymetric information was supplied by the Canadian
Hydrographic Service; the orographic information by the Topographical Survey; and the names of the principal physical features by the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. There are also four profiles along meridians and parallels. All isolines and elevations are in
feet.
État des levés cartographiques 1955
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps, circa 1955. On the left of this plate, the top map shows the extent of township and boundary surveys. The bottom left map shows the extent and type of air-photographic
surveys. Air-photographic surveys have greatly facilitated the mapping of the country and serve many other uses as well. For purposes of accuracy, vertical photographs are preferable in that distortion is reduced to a minimum. Where speed has been a factor, trimetrogon surveys have been carried out.
In this type of survey the aircraft carries three cameras, one of which takes vertical photographs and the other two oblique photographs on either side of the aircraft's track. Because of the wide coverage, fewer flights are required for oblique than vertical surveys. On the right of this plate, the
upper map entitled Geodetic Surveys shows the triangulation areas in which precise control points have been established by the triangulation method,
Fabriques de pâte et de papier
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the location of pulp mills, paper mills, and mills that produce both pulp and paper. Mills are represented by proportional disc symbols which indicate the 1951 annual mill
capacity. The maps are accompanied by three graphs showing, for 1951: the percentage production of pulp and paper by province, the total national tonnage production of pulp and paper, and total pulp and paper export tonnages.
État de la cartographie topographique 1955
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps and their extent of areas in Canada, which were mapped at various scales, circa 1955. The first map shows the areas which were mapped at scales of 1:50 000 and 1:63
360. The second and third maps show the areas mapped at scales of 1:126 720 and 1:190 080, respectively. The last map shows the areas which were mapped at scales of 1:250 000 and 1:253 440.
Géologie glaciaire
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the locations of glacial materials, circa mid-1950s. The extents of existing glaciers and ice caps are shown. The direction of ice movement is illustrated by denoting the trends of
drumlins (elongated or oval hills of glacial drift), drumlinoid ridges, flutings, glacial striae, grooves and roche-moutonee (rounded glacially shaped rock) as well as the direction of valley glacier movements. Areas of extinct glacial lakes are shown with glacial spillways which are outlets of
these extinct glacial lakes. Deposits of ground moraine, end moraine and undifferentiated glacial drift are shown along with trends of minor moraine. Moraine is generally defined as till, gravel, sand, clay etc. that has been carried and deposited by a glacier. Also shown are the locations of
eskers, which are irregularly stratified, winding ridges of sand, gravel and boulders deposited by fast flowing glacial streams that may run through, over or un
Pression atmosphérique
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps, one for each of January, April, July and October showing mean sea-level pressure in millibars. These maps were prepared from atmospheric pressure readings taken daily
at 00, 06, 12 and 18 hours G.M.T. during the period 1940 to 1949 inclusive, except for the area north of 72.5 degrees N, where the period was 1948 to 1953 inclusive (and for which the results were adjusted to the 1940 to 1949 period). Ten mean sea-level pressure maps were drawn for each of the
selected months in these periods using averages of the observed pressure. Then a grid system was superimposed over these maps and the pressure at 200 points read off. From these figures the mean maps reproduced here were drawn.
Industrie métallique
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows six condensed maps of the distribution of manufacturing plants for industries which use metal as their primary raw material circa 1954. The specific map titles are: Railway Rolling
Stock, Motor Vehicles and Agricultural Machinery, Electrical Apparatus and Supplies, Aircraft and Parts, Motor Vehicle Parts, and Other Machinery. For each map, there are dots (or symbols representing many dots in a single locality) showing the location of a single factory. Each map also has two
summary charts associated with it. One of these is a bar graph showing the selling value of major products of the specific industry type, while the other is a pie chart showing the provincial distribution of the persons employed in that industry.
Navigation
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two condensed maps of the customs ports handling cargo of 125 000 tons or more circa 1955. Thus, any Canadian port where the Department of National Revenue has a Customs Office.
The upper map is concerned with foreign shipping and the lower map is concerned with domestic coastwise shipping. Foreign shipping includes the following: vessels which arrive from a foreign port as last port of call or depart from a foreign port as first port of call; vessels which load cargo for a
foreign port or unload cargo from a foreign port; vessels which have other than Canadian or United Kingdom registry, even though they may have arrived at a Canadian port or departed from a Canadian port for another Canadian port. Domestic coastwise shipping includes vessels of Canadian or United
Kingdom registry only, which arrive at a Canadian port from another Canadian port or depart from a Canadian port for another Canadian port and do not loa
Humidité et brouillard
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is six maps that show the humidity and fog occurrences across Canada. Two maps on the top that show the mean mixing ratios for January and July, respectively. Mixing ratio is defined as the ratio of
the mass of the water vapor to the mass of dry air in a unit volume. The two mixing ratio maps on this plate are based on observations taken at midnight, 6 a.m., noon, and 6 p.m. Greenwich Mean Time over the ten year period from 1941 to 1950 inclusive. Humidity data was obtained from the regular
reading of artificially-ventilated dry and wet bulb thermometers housed in standard thermometer shelters. Knowing the dry bulb temperature and the difference in temperature between the dry and wet bulbs, it is possible to calculate the different measures of humidity. The remaining maps show the mean
number of days with fog for each of winter, spring, summer and fall. Winter is considered as the months of December, January and February; spring as March
Divisions du recensement 1951
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a main map that shows fifteen condensed maps of geostatistical units used by the 1951 Census. The main map shows the census divisions as used in that census to gather, compile and publish many of
the results of the censuses of Canada. Census divisions normally correspond to counties, but the Dominion Bureau of Statistics (which is now Statistics Canada) had to create equivalent units for counties in each of Newfoundland, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. The main map has
a table listing all of the census divisions. Around the main map are individual maps for each of the 15 census metropolitan areas as used in the 1951 Census. Each of these small maps shows the component municipalities in the metropolitan area and also shows the built-up area. These small maps are
all at the same scale, which is about 1:650 000.
Physiographie du sud de lOntario
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the physiography of Southern Ontario, from soil or land types to physical features. It was compiled from detailed maps published by the Ontario Research Foundation in 1951. They
accompanied the monograph entitled The Physiography of Southern Ontario by L. J. Chapman and D. F. Putnam.
Circonscriptions électorales sur le plan fédéral (1952)
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a main map that shows eleven condensed maps of the Federal Electoral Districts as created by the Representation Order circa 1952. There are 265 members representing 263 districts (Halifax and
Queen's on Prince Edward Island each have two members). The map is surrounded by eleven maps showing urban areas. All of these urban maps are at the same scale - 1:650 000. A table on the map lists the names of most districts. However, the districts in the urban insets are named directly on each
inset map.
Régions pédologiques
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the areas of principal soil groups which are divided into 48 subgroups. Two graphs are included. One is a bar chart showing the principal soil groups and their distribution by
provinces and territories. The other is a pie chart displaying the percentage areas of principal soil groups.
Céréales fourragères et cultures intensives
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows seven condensed maps showing the distribution of areas devoted to growing fodder, hay, corn for silage, sugar beets, potatoes, vegetable crops, orchards, and tobacco circa 1951.
The hay map includes all cultivated hay, including alfalfa sown alone but excluding oats and other grains for hay. For the vegetable map, the crops include cabbage, carrots, beans, peas, onions, sweet corn, tomatoes, asparagus, beets, cauliflower, celery, lettuce, and spinach but exclude potatoes,
turnips, swedes and mangolds. Except for Newfoundland, the vegetables were grown mainly for sale. The two maps dealing with orchards show only the acreage devoted to tree fruits, mainly apples, pears, peaches, plums and cherries. Farms with fewer than 25 fruit trees were ignored, as were fruit trees
that were definitely abandoned and worthless. The maps on this plate are accompanied by pie charts showing the percentage distribution of seeded or plant
Cartes hydrographiques
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the coverage of hydrographic charts produced by the Surveys and Mapping Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, circa 1958. It also shows portions of three
published sheets which illustrate the kinds of hydrographic charts available. The section entitled Inland Waters is part of Coast Chart 2303, Inland Waters, Great Lakes, Jackfish Bay to St. Ignace Island, Lake Superior. The Harbour Chart is part of Harbour Chart 3418, Vancouver Harbour. The Coastal
Chart is part of Coast Chart 4311, Atlantic Ocean, Egg Island to Pennant Point, southeast coast of Nova Scotia.
Industries alimentaires
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows six condensed maps illustrating the distribution of: slaughtering and meat packing plants; wheat flour mills and grain elevators; creameries, cheese factories, combined butter and
cheese factories, concentrated milk and other dairy product factories (mainly ice cream); bakeries; fruit and vegetable canneries; and breweries, distilleries and wineries. These maps are based on data that was available as of the 1958 publication date of this atlas plate.
Habitats des principaux mammifères
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows 20 condensed maps with only mammals that are well-known to Canada. The ranges, for the most part, indicate present and usual distribution. The rare or occasional occurrences have
not been shown. As there is still much to be learned about the fauna in parts of northern Canada, some range limits are hypothetical. It should not be assumed that all species may be found throughout their respective ranges as indicated on these maps, distribution within their broad ranges is
frequently limited to particular but discontinuous habitats.
Variations démographiques, 1851-1951
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two condensed maps, and three sets of graphs to show population change for the period 1851 to 1951. The top map shows the percent changes in population in eastern Canada for the
period 1851 to 1901 (Newfoundland data is for 1857 to 1901). The bottom map shows the percent changes in population for Canada for the period 1901 to 1951 (Northwest Territories data is for 1911 to 1951). The first set of graphs show birth, death and natural increase rates per 1000 population for
the period 1931 to 1951 for Canada and the provinces. The second set shows the changes in density of population for the period 1851 to 1951 for Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, the Western Provinces and Canada. The third graph shows the percent increase in Canada's
total population by decade for the period 1851 to 1951.
Cartes côtières (1492-1874)
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the a series of reproduced historical maps. The first maps, from Stephanius to Zaltieri, illustrate the emergence of the concept of a new continent of America. Behaims globe
indicates the general belief that Europe and Asia were separated principally by water. Ruyschs map is one of the earliest that shows the discoveries of Columbus, Cabot, the Corte Reals and Vespucci. The Waldseemulle map and the Agnese map of 1540 depicts a new continent. The Ptolemy map of 1548
shows that to many people there was still the possibility that America and Asia were joined in the north. The next maps from La Cosa to Velasco, show how the shape of the northeast coast of North America was mapped. These maps show the early doubts as to whether the new discoveries were part of a
continuous coast or merely islands in the Atlantic and the eventual resolution of these doubts. Desceliers showed that by 1550 the St. Lawrence estuary was known a
Cartes de linventaire forestier
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the portions of land in four condensed maps which illustrate the kind of forest maps that were being prepared from air photographs with a minimum of groundwork by the Forestry
Branch of the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources in the 1950s. Such maps not only show more detail than can be shown on a general forest regions map but also enable sample areas to be located which, when investigated on the ground, provide estimates of timber volumes. These maps
are also of value to those responsible for forest protection and the suppression of forest fires. The first of the maps reproduced here illustrates an area of almost continuous forest in the rough terrain of the Alberta foothills (from sheet 82 0/14 - Marble Mountain). The second shows forested
areas broken only by a few scattered farms (from sheet 31 0/10 - Mitchinamecus River, Quebec). The third shows an area almost equally divided between farm and f
Trafic-voyageurs aérien
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the flow of air passenger traffic for major companies circa 1953. Where more than one company operates over the same route, the traffic has been combined to show the total traffic
over that route. It should also be noted that the flow lines on this map do not necessarily follow actual routes and they should, therefore, be considered as diagrammatic only. The second map shows the labour force engaged in transportation and communication according to the 1951 Census. The data on
which this map is based includes all persons, regardless of their occupation, who were employed in the operations of air transport and airports; bus and coach transportation; railways (including express and telegraph services); taxi cabs; truck and water transportation; and services incidental to
all forms of transportation, grain elevators, storage and warehouse facilities, radio broadcasting and telephone services.
Jours de précipitations et variabilité des précipitations
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate with three maps that show the mean annual number of days with measurable precipitation, the mean annual number of days with measurable snowfall, and the variability of annual precipitation.
A day with sufficient measurable precipitation (a precipitation day) is considered as a day on which the recorded rainfall amounts to one one-hundredth of an inch (0.0254 cm) or more, or the snowfall measured is one-tenth of an inch (0.254 cm) or more. At any one location the annual precipitation
may vary considerably from one year to the next. This variability of annual precipitation is expressed in terms of the coefficient of variation. This coefficient is obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the annual precipitation by the mean annual precipitation.
Grain elevators
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a set of two maps showing locations of grain elevators in Western and Eastern Canada. Grain elevators are denoted as being terminal elevators or transfer elevators. The maps are accompanied by a
supplementary text providing a count of elevators for each province as well as bushel capacity by province.
Distribution of Population, 1961
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution of population for 1961 by census division. Supplementary charts show the percentages of rural population, urban population in places with populations of 5000 or
more and urban populations that are between 1000 to 5000 people. A supplementary text listing urban complexes and centres with populations of 5000 or more accompanies this map.
Tobacco, sugar beets, oilseeds, soybeans
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a set of four maps. These maps show the size and extent as of 1961 of seeded acres, by census division, for tobacco, sugar beets and soybeans. Each map is accompanied by a supplementary text giving
the total area for Canada, the provinces and the territories. The oilseeds map shows the combined value of farm sales for 1960 to 1961 for flax, soybean, sunflower, rape, mustard and safflower crops.
Distribution of Population, 1961, Eastern Canada
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution of population for Eastern Canada in 1961. Rural populations are denoted by population and settlement types. The population depicted for urban places is composed of
the population of the municipality plus the population of any areas directly adjoining the municipality and represents the aggregate urban population of the area.
Topographic Map Coverage
Authors:   Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a set of three maps. The main map shows areas for which there are 1:50 000 scale National Topographic System (NTS) map sheet coverages up to October 1970. This map also denotes whether the NTS
sheets were published maps or advanced prints. The second map shows areas for which there are 1:25 000 scale NTS map sheet coverages up to October 1970. The 1:25 000 scale NTS map sheets are all denoted as being published maps. The third map shows areas covered by the 1:1 000 000 International Map
of the World (IMW). The IMW sheets are also denoted as being published maps or advance prints. A supplementary text providing additional information on topographic map coverage of Canada up to October 1970 accompanies this map set.