bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syllable rate vs. segment rate in perceived speech rate
Authors: Aldholmi Yahya
Published: February 2021

This study examines the impact of differences in segment rate, which do not correspond to differences in syllable rate, on perceived speech rate in an unfamiliar language. Japanese speakers who were unfamiliar with Arabic judged the speech rate of Arabic stimuli with two levels of syllable complexity on a 1-7 scale. The participants perceived the complex syllable stimuli as being faster than the simple syllable stimuli. This is interpreted as evidence that differences in segment rate do influence speech rate perception. Hence, the significance of syllable rate, rather than of segment rate, for perceiving speech rate in some previous studies was likely due to extraneous factors associated with the stimuli and participants in those studies.
Properties of nominal stress grammar in Greek
Authors: Apostolouda Vasiliki
Published: February 2021

This study reports on the findings of a production experiment that aimed at exploring the distribution of stress patterns in the internal grammar of young and adult native speakers of Greek, with a special focus on nominal stress, as these are reflected on their decisions on assigning stress in novel inflected words. More specifically, we investigate whether morphological information at the right edge of the word, together with lexical frequency, are potential cues for stress position. We also examine differences in the grammars of young and adults speakers.
How do writing systems shape reading and reading acquisition? Kathy Rastle DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0001/000416 Published in ExLing 2020 Children’s syntax: a parametric approach William Snyder DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0002/000417 Published in ExLing 2020 A neurophonetic perspective on articulation planning Wolfram Ziegler DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0003/000418 Published in ExLing 2020 Masked priming in picture naming and lexical selection Manal Alharbi DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0004/000419 Published in ExLing 2020 Syllable rate vs. segment rate in perceived speech rate Yahya Aldholmi DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0005/000420 Published in ExLing 2020 Properties of nominal stress grammar in Greek Vasiliki Apostolouda DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0006/000421 Published in ExLing 2020 Eliciting focus-sensitive why-questions in Japanese
Authors: Aramaki Kodai , Ikeda Kanako , Yamakoshi Kyoko , Fujii Tomohiro
Published: February 2021

The study argues that in focus-sensitive why-questions in Japanese, why must precede its focus associate. It is proposed that this word order restriction follows if the why-as-CPmodifier approach is applied to the Japanese construction under investigation. It also reports the results of the elicitation experiment conducted to experimentally confirm the word order restriction.
Comprehension of verb directionality in LIS and LSF
Authors: Aristodemo Valentina , Giustolisi Beatrice , Cecchetto Carlo , Donati Caterina
Published: February 2021

The present work reports the results of a comprehension task on verb directionality in Italian Sign Language (LIS) and French Sign Language (LSF) considering native and non-native signers. Our goals were to study age of first language exposure effects on the comprehension of verb agreement in LIS and LSF, to verify whether a significant difference between forward and backward directionality was found, and see if our results may provide insight about the nature (gestural vs. linguistic) of verb directionality in sign languages. In both languages we found that the ability to comprehend verb agreement is affected in non-native signers. This indicates that delayed first language exposure has long lasting effects in adulthood. We argue that our results support analyses of verb agreement as a fully grammatical phenomenon.
International Society of Experimental Linguistics ExLing 2021 12th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics 11 - 13 October 2021 Athens, Greece Menu Athens: 15:46:27 Brussels: 14:46:27 GMT: 13:46:27 London: 13:46:27 New York: 08:46:27 Tokyo: 22:46:27 ExLing 2020 (58) How do writing systems shape reading and reading acquisition? Kathy Rastle DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0001/000416 Published in ExLing 2020 Children’s syntax: a parametric approach William Snyder DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0002/000417 Published in ExLing 2020 A neurophonetic perspective on articulation planning Wolfram Ziegler DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0003/000418 Published in ExLing 2020 Masked priming in picture naming and lexical selection Manal Alharbi DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0004/000419 Published in ExLing 2020 Syllable rate vs. segment rate in perceived speech rate Yahya Aldholmi DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0005/000420 Published in ExLing 2020 Properties of nominal stress grammar in Greek Vasiliki Apostolouda DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0006/000421 Published in ExLing 2020 Eliciting focus-sensitive why-questions in Japanese Kodai Aramaki, Kanako Ikeda, Kyoko Yamakoshi, Tomohiro Fujii DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0007/000422 Published in ExLing 2020 Comprehension of verb directionality in LIS and LSF Valentina Aristodemo, Beatrice Giustolisi, Carlo Cecchetto, Caterina Donati DOI: 10.36505/ExLing-2020/11/0008/000423 Published in ExLing 2020 Complex syntax intervention for Developmental Language Impairment
Authors: Athanatou Maria , Theodorou Elena
Published: February 2021

Intervention for children with Developmental Language Disorder appears to be beneficial and contributes to sustainable linguistic gains. This paper reports on a pilot intervention study carried out in Cyprus that examined the efficacy of language treatment targeting complex syntactic structures. Language skills of a nine-year old girl with DLD are described at two time points, before and after intervention. The child received therapy sessions based on MetaTaal therapy, and relative clauses were the targeted syntactic structures. Post-intervention measurements showed marginal improvement in relative clauses production and comprehension. Improvements observed in Complex Sentence Repetition Task and this might imply that the grammatical structures have emerged.
Disambiguating cues of disjunctive questions
Authors: Younes Mohammad , Hellmuth Sam
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to find out the similarities and differences between Jordanian (JA), Egyptian (EA), and Kuwaiti (KA) Arabic in which cues disambiguate alternative questions (altqs) and disjunctive yes-no questions (dynqs): intonation contour and choice of disjunctive element (DE). A perception study was run in the three dialects, replicating Pruitt & Roelofsen’s (2013) perception study on English. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to explore the results which revealed all dialects show a main effect of both intonation and DE choice; a rise contour and use of ʔaw significantly increased the likelihood of dynq responses. The effect of intonation was larger than that of DE choice in all dialects. The differences between the dialects lay in the relative strength of the DE coefficients.
Well-established monolingual literacy predictors in bilinguals
Authors: Bhalloo Insiya , Leung Kai , Molnar Monika
Published: February 2021

An important component of early reading intervention is effective literacy screening tools. Literacy precursor screening tools have been primarily developed for early identification and remediation of potential reading difficulties in monolingual Englishspeaking children, despite the significant proportion of bilingual children worldwide. This systematic literature review examines whether the precursor literacy skills commonly used in monolingual English-speaking children have been assessed and found to predict later reading skills in simultaneous bilingual children. Our findings demonstrate that the nine major literacy precursors identified in monolingual children also significantly correlate with reading performance in simultaneous bilingual children. These nine literacy precursors are phonological awareness, letter knowledge, serial recall, oral language comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, memory, non-verbal intelligence and word decoding.
Word stress and sentence prosody in Greek
Authors: Botinis Antonis , Alexandris Christina , Kontostavlaki Athina
Published: February 2021

The present study concerns the prosodic structure of Greek as a function of word stress and focus as well as statement and yes/no question sentence type distinctions. It is argued that the word stress distinction has a local domain whereas focus, statement and question distinctions have a global domain. Word stress has a lengthening effect on all segmental constituents of the stressed syllable and especially on vowel in combination with an intensity increase whereas the tonal pattern is variable in accordance with the global context. The focus distinction has no lengthening effect locally and may show variable tonal patterns locally and globally depending on the global context. The statement and yes/no sentence type distinction has variable prosodic patterns locally and globally and shows multiple interactions with variable focus applications.
The grammar behind word association tasks
Authors: de Souza Sydelle , Villalva Alina , Pinto Carina
Published: February 2021

Most word association tasks (WATs) focus on semantic representations but can also illuminate other linguistic phenomena (Van Rensbergen et al., 2015). This study reports a WAT comprising 152 Portuguese verbs and their corresponding compositional deverbal action nouns ending in -ção, that aims to test whether the morphological nature of the stimulus conditions the response. The results suggest that (i) the morphological structure of the stimuli does condition the response; (ii) associations can be constrained by grammatical factors other than semantics; and (iii) L1 Portuguese speakers are more likely to respond with a word belonging to the same word family if the stimulus is a complex word.
Complements vs. adjuncts and mouse-controlled reading
Authors: Garibyan Armine
Published: February 2021

The relationship between sentence processing and cognitive demand has received a lot of attention in the past decades. In valency theory, some elements of the sentence are determined by the verbs either in terms of their form or by their presence (Herbst & Schüller 2008). It has to be said that little attention has been paid to the processing of such fundamental categories in the theory of syntax. On the one hand, this is remarkable since given the amount of research, we still do not know whether this distinction is psychologically real, or whether it only serves a lexicographic and pedagogical purpose. On the other hand, there is a consensus among linguists about the problematic character of the distinction itself even on a more theoretical level (Dowty 2000; Herbst & Schüller 2008). Therefore, this study attempts to explore whether complements and adjuncts are associated with different kinds of processing. To answer the research questions, an experiment consisting in a mouse-controlled reading task has been designed. To the best of our knowledge, this is a new method in psycholinguistic research. The paper presents the results of a pilot study.
Sound dimensions and formants
Authors: Goertz Grandon , Anderson Terese
Published: February 2021

Every physical event that can be observed can be measured and described, including sounds. This paper discusses computer algorithms that were developed to depict vowels and speech sounds in their three dimensions: frequency, energy, and time. Each vowel has a separate distinguishable shape based on its dimensions. Two-dimensional vowel plots can be more accurately represented in three-dimensional plots. Algorithms using the Chebyshev Transform were written and vowel speech signals were converted to accurate numerical data sets that were examined and then plotted. Comparisons of vowels can be made, based on their sonic shape. This algorithm also used the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to measure, vowel formants giving clear formant regions with the frequency regions identified on the y-axis plots.
The meaning of democracy vs. ideology
Authors: Grażul-Luft Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

The subject of research refers to changes in the meaning of the lexeme democracy over the past 20 years, noticeable in texts from the Polish press of specific ideological profile. The authors of press texts often expand the meaning, saturating it with emotions and evaluating. On the basis of examples of using a word in texts, there have been definitional sentences created testifying to the extensions of meanings comparing to those found in the Polish language presented in dictionaries. The analysis demonstrates that the understanding of the word democracy depends on the political context and is subject to modifications resulting from ideological entanglements.
Acoustic-orthographic interface in L2 phonology by L1 Cypriot-Greek speakers
Authors: Karpava Sviatlana , Kkese Elena
Published: February 2021

The present study investigated the acoustic-orthographic interface in the phonology of L2 English by L1 Cypriot-Greek (CG) speakers. Seventy L1 CG undergraduate students completed a written dictation task, which examined how contrastive English vowels and consonants on word-level are perceived by CG and how the use of L2 affects these perceptions based on the different phoneme inventories and orthographies of CG and English. The findings suggest that there is an effect of L1 CG phonological and orthographic systems on L2 English vowel and consonant sound perception and written production.
Disambiguation in corpus of Modern Greek
Authors: Kisilier Maxim , Nikolaenkova Olga
Published: February 2021

Corpus of Modern Greek appeared in 2011. All texts are morphologically annotated. Due to certain peculiarities of Modern Greek morphology, the majority of forms has more than one grammatic interpretation. In this presentation we describe the types of homonyms which are found in the Corpus and discuss possible patterns for automatic disambiguation. At the end, we mention a number of problematic cases that cannot be resolved now or require manual approach.
Acoustic characteristics of Italian Parkinsonian speech: a study on early-stage patients
Authors: Maffia Marta , De Micco Rosa , Tessitore Alessandro , De Meo Anna
Published: February 2021

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurological illness which also has effects on speech production, resulting in segmental and suprasegmental abnormalities. The aim of the current study is to test the validity of two acoustic parameters - %V and VtoV - for the detection of rhythmical variation in early-stage PD speech, in comparison to healthy speech. 40 Italian native speakers were enrolled in the research, 20 early-stage PD subjects and 20 neurologically healthy and matched controls, and a corpus of read speech was collected. The results of voice analysis confirmed an alteration of vocalic duration and %V in PD productions. In particular, %V could be a reliable cue for PD speech characterization, even at the very early onset of the disease.
Automatic detection of accent phrases in French
Authors: Martin Philippe
Published: February 2021

In lexically-stressed languages such as English or Greek, accent phrases usually include one lexical word (noun, verb, adverb or adjective), together with some syntactically bound grammatical words (conjunction, pronoun or preposition). In non-lexically languages such as French or Korean, accent phrases are delimited by a final syllabic stress and may contain more than one lexical word, depending on the speech rate and limited to a 250 ms to 1250-1350 ms duration range. As perception of syllabic stress is strongly influenced by the listeners current own speech rate making perception agreement between annotators elusive, an interactive software program has been implemented imbedding constrains external to acoustic data to better investigate the actual distribution of stressed syllables in oral recordings of French.
Practical challenges in polylexical metronome synchronisation
Authors: McCabe Connor
Published: February 2021

A metronome synchronisation paradigm was used to investigate possible interaction between P(erceptual)-centre location and initial mutation in Irish (Gaelic). A pilot study returned promising results in a subset of stimuli. Data later collected using only these stimuli differed from those of the pilot: participants exclusively synchronised metronome beats with the possessive particle preceding main lexical targets. In the pilot task, monosyllables as the minimal target, as opposed to exclusively disyllabic two-word possessive phrases in the modified task, may have focussed participants on these. This conditioning has been reinstated in a third version of the task by preceding target phrases with a dummy monosyllable.
Using uncertainty for multi-domain text classification
Authors: Meshgi Kourosh , Mirzaei Maryam
Published: February 2021

Multi-domain learning allows for joint feature detection to promote the performance on a learning task. The shared feature space, however, has limited capacity and should include only the most discriminative task-independent features that are useful for all the tasks. To this end, we proposed a global-local task uncertainty measure to monitor the usefulness of features for all tasks, increasing their effectiveness and generalizability while disentangling them from task-specific features that are not helpful for other tasks. Besides, this measure can utilize unlabeled domain data, tapping the vast reserves of unlabeled data to have even better features. An experiment on a multi-domain text classification shows that the proposed method consistently improves the baseline’s performance and improves the knowledge transfer of learned features to unseen data.
A phonetic comparison of two Irish English varieties
Authors: Nicora Francesca , Cenceschi Sonia , Meluzzi Chiara
Published: February 2021

This research offers a preliminary survey on vowels and diphthong variation between two Irish English varieties: Galway (GW) and Letterkenny (LK). The results showed only a smaller difference between GW and LK with respect to the monophthongs, whereas a larger difference was found for the MOUTH diphthong. Despite the great amount of literature on English dialects, a phonetic investigation of these specific varieties is still lacking. This study may open the path to further investigations of sociophonetic values and the stereotypes associated with different varieties, in particular those of the northern regions.
Answering negative questions in Russian
Authors: Panchenko Yulia
Published: February 2021

In colloquial Russian answers “yes” and “no” to negative polar questions can either stand for confirmation or contradiction of the proposition of a question. This paper contains an experimental research of correlation between the choice of “yes” or “no” response particle and the way of expressing negation and the presence of li particle in a question and also of comprehension of the short “yes” answer. The results showed that there are several competing strategies for answering negative polar questions and acceptability judgments of possible answers in Russian, meanwhile the correlation with the presence of li particle in a question was approved.
Planning of active and passive voice in German
Authors: Schlenter Judith , Esaulova Yulia , Seidel Elyesa , Penke Martina
Published: February 2021

This eye-tracking experiment investigated how morphological case affects German speakers’ descriptions of transitive events, specifically whether explicit case marking modulates speakers’ structural choices. To increase the production of non-canonical structures (passive, patient-initial active), we primed patients in event scenes with a red dot. Subject and object case in German are unambiguously marked on masculine nouns but not on feminine nouns. If explicit case marking requires more structural planning, we should find an effect of gender. For feminine nouns, speakers may start with the cued patient and continue with a passive or a patient-initial active sentence. However, analyses of syntactic choice, speech onset times and eye gaze revealed that gender and thus case marking had no effect on sentence planning
Experimental testing of the left periphery
Authors: Sequeros-Valle Jose
Published: February 2021

This manuscript presents an empirical description of the left periphery based on the performance of speakers of Castilian Spanish in a corpus analysis, an acceptability judgment task, and a scripted production task. The picture drawn by the three studies look as follows: First, clitic-doubled left dislocations (CLLD) fulfil multiple discourse functions, but the construction is not completely free from discourse restrictions. Second, canonical utterances are also able to fulfil CLLD’s discourse functions. Third, CLLD does not present distinctive intonational patterns depending on the discourse function. Fourth, there is partial evidence that focus fronting (FF) presents an intonational pattern different than that of CLLD. The concluding section of the manuscript calls from a new model of the left periphery.
Prosody of focus in statements of the Altai language
Authors: Shestera Elena , Urtegeshev Nikolay , Selutina, Iraida , Shamrin Anton
Published: February 2021

The prosody of verbal word forms in the narrative utterances of the Altai language is under consideration in the article. In this work, in addition to the acoustic analysis in the Praat program, we took into account the subjective perception of native speakers. In the simple statements the intonation declines on the predicate when realizing the topic of the utterance. The focus of the utterance may be expressed by pitch and intensity peak.
Morphological awareness in L1 and L2 reading skills
Authors: Tsela Vassiliki , Andreou Georgia , Liakou Maria , Baseki Julie
Published: February 2021

The present study investigated the effect of morphological awareness on three measures of reading, namely decoding, fluency and comprehension, in Greek as a first language (L1) and in French as a foreign language (L2). Morphological awareness was assessed via two tasks, a verb inflection task and a word production task. The results of this study indicated that the student’s performance in the two morphological tasks was significantly associated with their performance in the reading tasks. Our results support our hypothesis that morphological awareness can be a significant predictor of the high or low performances in decoding, reading fluency and reading comprehension in both L1 and L2 and it plays a critical role in reading efficiency.
L1 Russian L2 Chinese speakers’ acquisition of the Chinese conjunction hé
Authors: Yan Xin , Peng Lemei , Yan Shanshan
Published: February 2021

From the perspective of features, this paper conducts an empirical study to examine L1 Russian L2 Chinese Speakers’ acquisition of the Chinese conjunction hé. Specifically, the result shows that the vitality of an extraneous feature decreases until learners’ language proficiency reaches an intermediate level. Eventually, it is difficult for learners to remove this extraneous feature. It suggests that this feature becomes dormant.
Individual differences in Mandarin focus production
Authors: Yang Yike , Chen Si
Published: February 2021

This paper investigated whether and how individual speakers of Mandarin Chinese (Mandarin) mark prosodic focus (broad focus vs verb focus) differently in their production, and tested focus effects on mean F0, duration and intensity. The findings indicated the role of the three acoustic cues in Mandarin focus marking at both the group and individual levels. Meanwhile, the individual data showed great variations among speakers in terms of the extent to which the cues were employed. It is proposed that the dynamics of acoustic cues should be considered in future studies and caution should be taken when selecting stimuli for focus perception studies.
Quantity inferences in conditionals: a pilot experimental study
Authors: Zevakhina Natalia
Published: February 2021

Relying upon Fillenbaum (1975), the paper reports on a more systematic experimental study of the role of the following factors (and levels) in the derivation of Conditional Perfection: negation (no negation, negation in an antecedent, negation in a consequent, negation both in an antecedent and a consequent), order of two clauses of a conditional sentence (if p, q; q, if p), and face vs. non-face speech acts (promises, threats vs. causals, temporals and contingent universals).
Un breve análisis del prólogo de Leopoldo Alas (Clarín) a la conocidad obra de Ihering, "La lucha por el derecho"
Authors: García Fueyo Beatriz
Published: February 2021

Leopoldo Alas (Clarín), catedrático cesaraugustano de Economía, redactó en
1881, el prólogo a la primera traducción del libro de Rudolf von Ihering, La lucha por
el Derecho. En este texto destaca la importancia del Derecho romano como elemento
básico de la cultura occidental, su realismo y vínculo con la sociedad, en lugar del
mero formalismo jurídico, la abstracción y el estatalismo. Son unas reflexiones que tienen actualidad, y cobran mayor valor porque vienen de la reflexión filosófico-jurídica
y su entronque en la cultura alemana del siglo XIX.
Limitación de la capacidad de obrar en miembros de institutos de Vida Consagrada
Authors: Magdalena Miguel
Published: February 2021

La posibilidad de proceder a una limitación en la capacidad de obrar de las
personas no es una opción ajena a los ordenamientos jurídicos, sin embargo, al legislador le repugna toda norma que pueda coartar el libre ejercicio de los derechos. En
este sentido, el Código de Derecho Canónico no es una excepción, razón por la que
podría explicarse la ausencia de una norma destinada precisamente a dicha limitación en situaciones en las que, bien por enfermedad mental o por avanzada edad, la
persona no está en condiciones de prestar ciertos servicios, o ni siquiera es capaz de
realizar un proceso psicológico adecuado para la toma de una decisión mediante el
correspondiente discernimiento. En estas circunstancias la limitación de la capacidad
de obrar puede presentarse como una necesidad.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHATANI SEMANGKA (STUDI KASUS DI DESA JANGKAR, KECAMATAN JANGKAR, KABUPATEN SITUBONDO)
Authors: Musleh Edi , Mayangsari Andina
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk  mengetahui  pendapatan  terhadap  hasil  produksi  pada usahatani semangka Desa Jangkar Kecamatan Jangkar Kabupaten Situbondo dan untuk mengetahui tingkat efesiensi terhadap produksi pada usahatani semangka Desa Jangkar Kecamatan Jangkar Kabupaten Situbondo. Metode penelitian yang gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yang diperkuat dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan survey dan Analisis datanya menggunakan  R/C Ratio. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dan telah diuraikan sebelumnya, maka dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan dari keseluruhan hasil penelitian yaitu rata-rata pendapatan usahatani semangka dalam satu musim tanam di Desa Jangkar Kecamatan Jangkar Kabupaten Situbondo sebesar Rp 9.089.470. Hasil tingkat efesiensi terhadap produksi pada usahatani semangka Desa Jangkar Kecamatan Jangkar Kabupaten Situbondoyaitu 2,080, lebih besar dari 1 (satu) maka usahatani semangka efisien
ANALISIS KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP MINAT BELI PRODUK BUNGA MELATI(STUDI KASUS DESA TALKANDANG, KECAMATAN SITUBONDO, KABUPATEN SITUBONDO)
Authors: Wahid Fahris Abdurrahman , Puryantoro Puryantoro
Published: February 2021

Era globalisasi memunculkan banyak masalah dari segi persaingan bisinis yang semakin kompetitif termasuk di dalamnya sektor pertanian. Pemasaran produk pertanian sangat berbeda dengan berbagai produk lain sebab mudah rusak dan tidak tahan lama, karenanya para pelaku dibidang ini harus mempertimbangkan berbagai hal di dalam pemasaran yang berimbas pada kepuasan konsumen, dimana hal tersebut sangat menentukan minat beli konsumen. Bunga melati merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman hias (folrikultura) berupa perdu berbatang tegak yang hidup menahun. Tanaman ini merupakan salahsatu tanaman yang dibudidayakan secrara intensif oleh sebagian petani di Desa Talkandang Kecamatan Situbondo Kabupaten Situbondo lebih dari 50 tahun lalu. Kepuasan konsumen merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi timbulnya minat beli konsumen, karenaya variabel-variabel dalam kepuasan konsumen berupa kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan, harga, inovasi produk, ketersediaan produk dan hubungan emosional merupakan aspek yang dikaji guna melihat pengaruhnya terhadap minat beli konsumen akan produk bunga melati di Desa Talkandang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel dalam kepuasan berupa berupa kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan, harga, inovasi produk, ketersediaan produk dan hubungan emosional berpengaruh terhadap minat beli hanya secara simultan atau bersama-sama. Keenam variabel bebas tersebut mempengaruhi minat beli hanya secara simultan sebesar 35,3%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 64,7 % dijelaskan oleh variabel lain  di  luar penelitian ini.
KAJIAN EKONOMI TENAGA KERJA SUB SEKTOR PERKEBUNAN TEMBAKAU BERBASIS GENDER (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SUBOH KECAMATAN KABUPATEN SITUBONDO)
Authors: Efendi Khoirul , Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih
Published: February 2021

Sektor perkebunan di Indonesia setiap tahunnya terus berkembang. Perkembangan sektor perkebunan memiliki arti penting dalam pengembangan pertanian baik skala regional maupun nasional tembakau menjadi salah satu komoditas paling banyak dikembangkan di indonesia selain kelapa sawit. Penyerapan tenaga kerja sub sektor perkebunan khususnya pada komoditi tembakau masih ada ketimpangan, bidang ini masih banyak dijumpai kesenjangan/ketidakadilan gender. Minimnya partisipasi perempuan dalam proses pembangunan khususnya bidang pertanian, membuat program-program yang dijalankan kurang dapat memberikan keadilan kepada perempuan. Pengambil kebijakan umumnya telah membuat banyak kebijakan berkaitan dengan partisipasi perempuan dan keadilan gender untuk pelaksanaan program. Akan tetapi di tingkat pelaksana lapangan ada kesulitan untuk mengimplementasikan program secara lebih berpartisipatif dan berkeadilan bagi perempuan. Penyerapan tenaga kerja laki-laki dan perempuan pada usahatani tembakau di Desa Suboh Kecamatan Suboh Kabupaten Situbondo mulai dari persiapan lahan sampai dengan panen dalam usahatani tembakau yang telah dikonversiakan menjadi 1 hektar yaitu tenaga kerja laki-laki sebesar 71 % (165 orang) dan tenaga kerja perempuan 29 %  (69 orang).
PENGEMBANGAN PENANGKARAN BENIH TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.) METODE SINGGLE BUD PLANTING UNTUK MENUNJANG SWASEMBADA GULA NASIONAL
Authors: Suhesti Endang , Puryantoro Puryantoro , Suryaningsih Yasmini
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kampung Locancang, Desa Paowan, kecamatan Panarukan, Kabupaten Situbondo, Jawa Timur.  Tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan benih tebu unggul  bersertifikat bagi petani melalui perluasan KBD di setiap Wilayah Kerja Pabrik Gula. Bahan tanam diperoleh dari Kebun Percobaan (KP) P3GI Pasuruan. Varietas yang ditanam adalah Varietas tebu unggul (PS 862).  Pendekatan taksasi produksi mata tunas per hektar menggunakan persamaan regresi eksponensial  sehingga akan diketahui kebutuhan benih berdasarkan luasan areal tanam dan dapat dibuat rekomendasi jumlah dan sebaran penangkar benih di wilayah Pabrik Gula di Kabupaten Situbondo. Taksasi produksi jumlah mata per hektar dapat dilakukan sebelum panen (umur tanaman 5 BST)  dengan  menggunakan regresi eksponensial.  Metode ini diterapkan untuk system tanam bagal.  Hasil penelitian menghasilkan  jumlah batang rata-rata per hektar adalah 8.49 batang/m sehingga produksi  mata tunas per hektar yang ditanam dengan metode bagal adalah 681.888,6 mata per ha.  Jumlah ini dapat digunakan untuk benih tanam tebu  KTG seluas 7.01 hektar. Untuk luas wilayah tanam PG. Wringin Anom adalah 924,0 ha membutuhkan benih untuk KTG sebanyak 88.704.000 mata tunas.  Dengan metode bagal dapat dipenuhi dari luas lahan KBD 130,09 ha.  Sementara untuk Wilayah Kerja PG. Pandji dengan luas tanam 124 ha membutuhkan  benih sebanyak 11.956.060 mata tunas, dapat dipenuhi dari 17,53 ha lahan KBD,  Dengan metode SBP kebutuhan benih dapat dipenuhi  dari  lahan KBD seluas 39,32 ha dengan dengan jumlah benih 1.108.800 mata. Untuk  PG. kebutuhan benih tersebut dapat dipenuhi dari lahan KBD seluas 5.3 ha dengan jumlah benih yang ditanam sebanyak 149.451 mata tunas.
PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PERAN PENYULUH DALAM PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI PERTANIAN
Authors: Sahripin Sahripin , Puryantoro Puryantoro
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi petani terhadap peran Penyuluh Pertanian dan menganalisis data apa saja yang mempengaruhi peran Penyuluh Pertanian tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik pengambilan sampel Purposive Sampling, diperoleh 44 responden yang mewakili petani di Kecamatan Jangkar Kabupaten Situbondo. Data diperoleh melalui kuisioner dan wawancara terhadap petani responden. Pengumnpulan data dilakukan dari bulan Mei sampai Juli 2019. Metode analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan tabel data frekuensi dan persentase dengan alat bantu kalkulator dan komputer yang menggunakan Microsoft Exel dan software SPSS 24for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Persepsi petani terhadap peran penyuluh dalam peningkatan produksi pertanian di Kecamatan Jangkar tergolong sangat tinggi atau dapat dikatakan “sangat setuju”. Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi secara nyata terhadap peran penyuluh dalam peningkatan produksi pertanian yakni umur petani dan tingkat pendidikan petani. Sedangkan untuk faktor – faktor yang tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap peran penyuluh dalam peningkatan produksi pertanian yakni lama usahatani, luas lahan, pengetahuan petani, dan interaksi sosial petani.  Seluruh variabel independen yakni umur petani, tingkat pendidikan,  lama usahatani, luas lahan, pengetahuan petani, dan interaksi sosial petani secara bersama – sama berpengaruh terhadap persepsi petani terhadap peran penyuluh dalam peningkatan produksi pertanian di Kecamatan Jangkar pada tingkat keyakinan 95%.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PETERNAK SAPI POTONG TERHADAP INTENSITAS PENGGUNAAN INSEMINASI BUATAN DI KECAMATAN KENDIT KABUPATEN SITUBONDO
Authors: Suteja Daniel Kristiawan
Published: February 2021

Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan populasi sapi potong adalah dengan menerapkan inseminasi buatan pada sapi potong. Selama ini dalam aplikasi teknologi IB umumnya spermatozoa yang dimanfaatkan adalah hasil ejakulasi yang ditampung dengan vagina buatan. Agar dapat mencapai tujuan suatu program Inseminasi Buatan maka penggunaan pejantan yang bebas penyakit dan bermutu genetik tinggi secara maksimal, dengan kemampuan fertilisasi optimum, spermatozoa harus diawetkan agar dapat digunakan untuk beberapa waktu yang lama sehingga dapat dijual pada waktu yang lainnya. Untuk itu semen perlu dicampur dengan larutan pengencer yang menjamin kebutuhan fisik dan kimiawinya. Hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi daging salah satunya melalui inseminasi buatan. Inseminasi buatan adalah teknologi perkembangbiakan yang mempunyai banyak keuntungan. Selain biaya yang terjangkau, Inseminasi Buatan juga mengurangi tingkat resiko kematian akibat kecelakaan yang terjadi dalam proses perkawinan alami. Inseminasi Buatan juga mempunyai manfaat yang penting yaitu meningkatkan mutu benih. Sperma yang digunakan untuk Inseminasi adalah sprema yang memiliki kualitas terbaik. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peternak sapi potong di Kecamatan Kendit dalam penggunaan Inseminasi Buatan yaitu umur, pendidikan terakhir, jumlah keluarga, intensitas penyuluhan, dan pengalaman beternak sebesar 68,1%, sedangkan sisanya 31,9% dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lain yaitu keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan dan pelayanan Inseminator yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model regresi.
ANALISA KOMPARATIF USAHA TANI PADI ORGANIK DAN PADI ANORGANIK (STUDI KASUS DI KELOMPOK TANI SUMBER JAYA DESA RAJEKWESI KECAMATAN KENDIT KABUPATEN SITUBONDO)
Authors: Sutikno Sutikno
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis penerimaan, (2) menganalisis pendapatan dan (3) menganalisis efisiensi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Rajekwesi Kecamatan Kendit. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara langsung dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan menggunakan uji independent sampel t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara usahatani padi organik dan padi anorganik dalam hal penerimaan, pendapatan dan efisiensi usaha tani.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN JAMUR TIRAM DI UD. IRZAN (STUDI KASUS DI DESA KALIBAGOR KECAMATAN SITUBONDO KABUPATEN SITUBONDO)
Authors: Umam Ckhoirul , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: February 2021

Pemasaran adalah salah satu kegiatan dalam perekonomian yang membantu dalam menciptakan nilai ekonomi. Nilai ekonomi itu sendiri menentukan harga barang dan jasa. Pemasaran produk pertanian sangat berbeda dengan berbagai produk lain sebab mudah rusak dan tidak tahan lama, karenanya para pelaku dibidang ini harus mempertimbangkan berbagai hal di dalam pemasaran yang berimbas pada kepuasan konsumen, dimana hal tersebut sangat menentukan loyalitas konsumen terhadap produk pertanian. Jamur tiram (Pleurotus Ostreatus) merupakan salah satu jamur kayu yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat. Tanaman ini merupakan salahsatu tanaman yang dibudidayakan secrara intensif oleh sebagian petani di Desa Kalibagor Kecamatan Situbondo Kabupaten Situbondo sekitar 3 tahun terakhir. Strategi pemasaran merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi timbulnya loyalitas konsumen, karenanya variabel-variabel dalam strategi pemasaran berupa Produk (Product), Harga (Place), Lokasi (Place), Promosi (Promotion), ketersediaan produk dan harga merupakan aspek yang dikaji guna melihat pengaruhnya terhadap Loyalitas konsumen akan produk Jamur Tiram di Desa Kalibagor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Variabel-variabel dalam strategi pemasaran yang berupa produk (product), harga (place), tempat (place), promosi (promotion) tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen akan produk jamur tiram UD. IRZAN di Desa Kalibagor, Kecamatan Situbondo, Kabupaten Situbondo hanya secara simultan atau bersama-sama dengan besaran pengaruh yang ditimbulkan adalah 52,3 % sesdangkan sisanya yakni sebesar 47,7 % dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian ini.
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI KERUPUK SUKUN (STUDI KASUS DI DESA JAMBUIR KECAMATAN GAYAM KABUPATEN SUMENEP)
Authors: Syadik Mohammad Jakfar
Published: February 2021

Makanan adalah kebutuhan dasar bagi setiap individu. Makanan adalah hasil kerja keras banyak orang dalam suatu sistem yang mencakup kegiatan input, produksi, pengolahan, dan pemasaran bahan makanan (faktor output). Agro-processing produk pertanian adalah bagian dari agroindustri, yang mengolah bahan baku yang bersumber dari tanaman, hewan, dan ikan. Pemrosesan meliputi proses transformasi dan pelestarian melalui perubahan fisik atau kimia, penyimpanan, pengemasan, dan distribusi. Dari definisi ini, dapat dilihat bahwa pelaku agroindustri pengolahan agroindustri adalah petani yang berproduksi bersama konsumen atau pengguna produk agroindustri. Dengan demikian, agroindustri pengolahan pertanian memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut: (a) meningkatkan nilai tambah, (b) menghasilkan produk yang dapat dipasarkan atau digunakan atau dimakan, (c) meningkatkan daya saing, dan (d) meningkatkan pendapatan dan keuntungan bagi produsen. Kecamatan Gayam adalah salah satu sentra produksi sukun. Berdasarkan statistik Sumenep, pada tahun 2015 produksi sukun di Kecamatan Gayam adalah 3.492. Sukun adalah tanaman komoditas yang dipasarkan keluar dari Sepudi dan juga diolah menjadi makanan khas pulau Sepudi, yaitu kerupuk sukun. Beberapa warga Desa Jambuir, Kecamatan Gayam, mengolah sukun menjadi kerupuk sukun. Bisnis industri kerupuk sukun yang berkembang di masyarakat adalah industri rumah tangga dan industri kecil. Mengolah sukun menjadi kerupuk sukun bertujuan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan buah sukun sehingga cocok untuk dikonsumsi dan mendapatkan nilai jual tinggi di pasaran. Kegiatan bisnis pengolahan sukun menjadi kerupuk sukun mengubah bentuk sukun dari produk primer menjadi produk baru dengan nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi.
STUDI KOMPARATIF PENDAPATAN USAHATANI LABU KUNING ANTARA PETANI YANG BERMITRA DAN NON MITRA DI KABUPATEN SITUBONDO
Authors: Kinsai Kinsai , Nangameka Yohanes
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin menganalisis perbedaan produksi dan perbedaan pendapatan  serta  efisiensi usahatani labu kuning antara petani yang bermitra dan non mitra di Kabupaten Situbondo. Penentuan daerah penelitian ditentukan secara purposive sampling yang dipilih berdasarkan tujuan tertentu yang dipandang sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Metode Slovin dalam penelitian digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah sampel. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 43 sampel terdiri dari 18 usahatani labu kuning sistem kemitraan dan 25 usahatani sistem non kemitraan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : total produksi usahatani labu kuning sistem kemitraan adalah sebanyak 270.720 kg per periode tanam sedangkan sistem non kemitraan adalah sebanyak 11.600 kg per periode tanam dan total pendapatan usahatani labu kuning sistem kemitraan sebesar Rp. 514.053.839 dan non kemitraan sebesar Rp. 27.187.000 dan efisiensi sistem kemitraan sebesar 3,42 dan non kemitraan sebesar 3,94. Hasil uji beda tingkat produksi diperoleh t hitung > t tabel dan tingkat pendapatan diperoleh t hitung > t tabel serta tingkat efisiensi diperoleh t hitung < t tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan produksi dan perbedaan pendapatan serta perbedaan efisiensi usahatani labu kuning antara sistem kemitraan dan non kemitraan.
A Kampfschwert from the 15th century – a reinterpretation of the so called ‘Teutonic estoc’ from the Princes Czartoryski Collection in Cracow, Poland
Authors: Talaga Maciej
Published: February 2021

The paper aims at reinterpreting the so called ‘Teutonic estoc’ (inventory number: MNK XIV-49) from the Czartoryski Princes Collection, Cracow, Poland. Due to the weapon’s unusual construction it has been necessary to draw up precise documentation - written, drawn and photographic. It has been supplemented with research in historical sources and scholarly literature on the subject.

The results obtained indicate that the researched weapon is not a typical estoc. It seems that it is a specialized anti-armour sword (Kampfschwert in German) designed for fighting against a heavy armoured opponent in judicial combat.

If this conclusion were correct, the ‘Teutonic estoc’ from Cracow would be the only known artefact of this kind to have survived from the Middle Ages. In order to falsify this hypothesis the artefact’s authenticity has been examined. An analysis of Royal Inventory records spanning from the year 1475 to 1792 and younger remarks about the researched weapon in press, private letters and scholarly literature has been conducted and briefly reported hereby. Its results seem to indicate that it is not a hoax.
Translation memory and computer assisted translation tool for medieval texts
Authors: Törcsvári Attila
Published: February 2021

Translation memories (TMs), as part of Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) tools, support translators reusing portions of formerly translated text. Fencing books are good candidates for using TMs due to the high number of repeated terms. Medieval texts suffer a number of drawbacks that make hard even “simple” rewording to the modern version of the same language. The analyzed difficulties are: lack of systematic spelling, unusual word orders and typos in the original. A hypothesis is made and verified that even simple modernization increases legibility and it is feasible, also it is worthwhile to apply translation memories due to the numerous and even extremely long repeated terms. Therefore, methods and algorithms are presented 1. for automated transcription of medieval texts (when a limited training set is available), and 2. collection of repeated patterns. The efficiency of the algorithms is analyzed for recall and precision.
A fifteenth-century fencing tournament in Strasburg
Authors: Dupuis Olivier
Published: February 2021

An undated paper from the archives of Strasburg contains a set of rules approved by fencing masters for a fencing tournament. The dating of this document is uncertain but could be established around 1470-71. A complete and unpublished transcription will be supplied and completed with a detailed study of the final set of rules but also the subset which received some modifications. Even if some key points remains obscure, it’s possible to find some comparison between this text and the contemporary knightly tournaments or the German Fechtschulen.
A brief examination of warfare by medieval urban militias in Central and Northern Europe
Authors: Chandler Jean
Published: February 2021

During the medieval and Early Modern period, the Free cities ofCentral and Northern Europe fielded militias which collectively played animportant role in European warfare. The specific military role of the burgher isnot well known outside of the realm of academic specialists in the Englishspeaking world. In order to highlight this to my fellow layperson, I have chosena selection of significant historical events with a special focus on Lombardy,Flanders, Silesia, Bohemia and Poland, in which urban militias played animportant role. The intention is to allow us to review the effectiveness, tacticsand strategic impact of urban militias and their possible relationship to themartial arts of pre-industrial Europe.
Bayonet Fencing : An overview of historiography and techniques for French footmen during World War I
Authors: Garry Julien
Published: February 2021

This article addresses the evolution of French bayonet fencing, teachings and methods over the course of World War I, under both historiographical and technical approaches. After a brief summary of the existent methods at the start of the War, we will explore the evolutions underwent by this Martial Art, brought by the changing nature and warfare and the various inputs of experienced fighter.
The Neapolitan School of Fencing: Its Origins and Early Characteristics
Authors: Blair Charles
Published: February 2021

The Neapolitan school of fencing, which received official sanction after the reunification of Italy in the nineteenth century, originated in the seventeenth century. It was originally best known as a system of sword and dagger fencing. It is documented as such in both Italian and Spanish sources during the reign of Carlos II and the War of the Spanish Succession (1665-1714). This article discusses the evidence from both sets of sources during this period, comparing and contrasting the Neapolitan approach to previous, contemporary and subsequent approaches in order to provide the necessary historical context for its origin and development.
The guild and the swordsman
Authors: Chandler Jean
Published: February 2021

Guilds have a well-established association with the fencing systems of medieval Europe, and the phenomenon of guilds has been the subject of a great deal of new academic research in the last 20 years or so. A thorough summary of the recent scholarship on guilds and their structure and history will help provide context for what may be loosely described as armed guilds. Though armed guilds have not yet been the subject of a proper systematic analysis, it is possible to tentatively identify four types. Combining the summary of ‘civilian’ guilds with the emerging evidence of armed guilds, including the fencing guilds, may help us better understand the social relevance of martial arts in medieval and Early Modern Europe. This may in turn contribute positively to the ongoing efforts to interpret the medieval fightbooks.
Organization and Regulation of Fencing in the Realm of France in the Renaissance
Authors: Dupuis Olivier
Published: February 2021

During the nineteenth century, many sources were published about the regulation of fencing in Renaissance France. Comparing those sources shows significant though incomplete uniformity in the formalities observed in the training of students of fencing, particularly in the process followed by the neophyte in his passage to mastery of the art of defence.