bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute symptomatic extracranial internal carotid occlusion –	natural course and clinical impact
Authors: Hause Stephan , Oldag Andreas , Breja Andrea , Neumann Jens , Wilcke Juliane , Schreiber Stefanie , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Skalej Martin , Halloul Zuhir , Goertler Michael
Published: October 2019

Summary: Background: To assess the vascular and clinical course of acute symptomatic extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Patients and methods: Patients with an acute ischemic event in the anterior circulation and corresponding extracranial ICA occlusion at CT angiography and/or color-coded duplex sonography underwent recurrent duplex follow-up for detection of spontaneous recanalization. Stroke recurrence and functional outcome 4.5 months after the ischemic index event assessed by modified Rankin scale served as secondary outcome parameters. Results: 133 patients (91 men, mean age 62.3 years, SD 10.8) demonstrated symptomatic occlusion of the extracranial ICA with open intracranial ICA and open middle cerebral artery and were followed-up for spontaneous recanalization. Twenty-eight recanalized spontaneously, 25 to high-grade focal stenosis within 12 days, revealing an early cumulative recanalization rate of 23 %. Detection of recanalization was independently associated with de novo dual anti-platelet therapy (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.24; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 7.80). Ischemic recurrence occurred in 16 patients, of which 10 deemed to be embolic and 5 hemodynamic. Spontaneous ICA recanalization and an exhausted cerebrovascular reserve in the hemisphere distal to the occluded ICA were both independently associated with the occurrence of a recurrent ischemic event at Cox regression. An increasing NIHSS score at admission, a decreasing middle cerebral artery flow velocity and an ischemic recurrence independently predicted poor outcome (modified Rankin scale 3 to 6) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Acute symptomatic extracranial ICA occlusion is an unstable condition with frequent spontaneous recanalization to severe stenosis and early embolic stroke recurrence, demanding appropriate prevention especially in those patients with only mild deficit.
Signatures of Magnetic Separatrices at the Borders of a Crater Flux Transfer Event Connected to an Active X‐Line
Authors: Trenchi L. , Coxon J. C. , Fear R. C. , Eastwood J. P. , Dunlop M. W. , Trattner K. J. , Gershman D. J. , Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu. , Lavraud B.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we present Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of a flux transfer event (FTE) characterized by a clear signature in the magnetic field magnitude, which shows maximum at the center flanked by two depressions, detected during a period of stable southward interplanetary magnetic field. This class of FTEs are called “crater‐FTEs” and have been suggested to be connected with active reconnection X line. The MMS burst mode data allow the identification of intense fluctuations in the components of the electric field and electron velocity parallel to the magnetic field at the borders of the FTE, which are interpreted as signatures of the magnetic separatrices. In particular, the strong and persistent fluctuations of the parallel electron velocity at the borders of this crater‐FTE reported for the first time in this paper, sustain the field‐aligned current part of the Hall current system along the separatrix layer, and confirm that this FTE is connected with an active reconnection X line. Our observations suggest a stratification of particles inside the reconnection layer, where electrons are flowing toward the X line along the separatrix, are flowing away from the X line along the reconnected field lines adjacent to the separatrices, and more internally ions and electrons are flowing away from the X line with comparable velocities, forming the reconnection jets. This stratification of the reconnection layer forming the FTE, together with the reconnection jet at the trailing edge of the FTE, suggests clearly that this FTE is formed by the single X line generation mechanism.
Mechanics of Inflationary Deformation During Caldera Collapse: Evidence From the 2018 Kīlauea Eruption
Authors: Segall Paul , Anderson Kyle R. , Johanson Ingrid , Miklius Asta
Published: October 2019

During the 2018 Kīlauea eruption the caldera floor dropped 500 m in 62 nearly periodic events of up to 8 m. Caldera collapse maintains pressure in the magma reservoir necessary to sustain high‐rate eruptions. The 2018 collapses were accompanied by inflationary tilts and displacements, similar to observations at other basaltic calderas. Collapse is modeled in 2‐D by uniform slip dislocations intersecting a magma chamber. Collapses occurred rapidly, such that mass within the chamber was constant. For vertical faults surface deformation outside the collapse results only from chamber pressurization with displacements antiparallel to precollapse deflation, similar to observations. For inward dipping faults the predicted ratio of horizontal to vertical displacements during collapse is greater than for the precollapse deflation, as observed. For outward dipping faults the horizontal displacements are inward, contrary to data. The average deformation trends during the eruption depend on fault dip and whether stress required to trigger collapses was constant or changed with time.
Propagation of EMIC Waves Inside the Plasmasphere: A Two‐Event Study
Authors: Wang G. , Zhang T. L. , Gao Z. L. , Wu M. Y. , Wang G. Q. , Schmid D.
Published: October 2019

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are important for the loss of high‐energy electrons in the radiation belt. Based on the measurements of Van Allen Probes, two events during the same storm period are presented to study the propagation of EMIC waves. In the first event, left‐handed polarized EMIC waves were observed near the plasmapause, while right‐handed waves were observed in the inner plasmasphere. The Poynting flux of the right‐hand waves was mainly directed inward and equatorward, and no positive growth rates were obtained in the region of these right‐hand waves, indicating the inward propagation of the waves from a higher L‐shell. In the second event, the wave vectors were quasi‐perpendicular to the background magnetic field inside the plasmaspheric plume but became quasi‐parallel outside. This phenomenon can be explained by the refraction of the large density gradient, which qualitatively satisfies Snell's law. These observations provide indirect evidence of the inward propagation of the EMIC waves and give a new insight on how density gradients may modify wave properties.
Features of Nightside ULF Wave Activity in the Ionosphere
Authors: Ouyang X.Y. , Bortnik J. , Ren J. , Berthelier J.J.
Published: October 2019

We investigate the features of nightside ultralow frequency (ULF) waves in the ionosphere using electric field data in the DC/ULF range observed by the Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) satellite over a ~5.5‐year period from May 2005 to November 2010. The ULF wave events are recognized by an automatic detection algorithm, and a superposed epoch analysis is performed to study the characteristics of ULF waves during geomagnetic storms. The results show that (1) ULF waves of both nonmagnetospheric and magnetospheric origins occur in the ionosphere; (2) nonmagnetospheric ULF waves present seasonal variations but have no clear response to storms; (3) magnetospheric ULF waves show clear association with the recovery phase of storms but have no obvious seasonal variations; and (4) an interhemispheric asymmetry with higher magnetospheric ULF wave occurrence rate in the Southern Hemisphere particularly around storms can be partly explained by the fact that more of selected isolated storms occurred during summer in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), hence higher conductivity in the NH. However, an analysis of few storms during equinoxes also shows a minor asymmetry. These results still indicate that the ionospheric conductivity in the Southern Hemisphere would be lower than in the NH at nighttime.
Characterization of the Water Masses in the Shelf Region of the Bering and Chukchi Seas With Fluorescent Organic Matter
Authors: Yamashita Youhei , Yagi Yuki , Ueno Hiromichi , Ooki Atsushi , Hirawake Toru
Published: October 2019

Pacific water is an important nutrient source for sustaining biological production in the Chukchi Sea, western Arctic Ocean, which is one of the productive regions in the world. Therefore, to understand the impacts of future environmental changes on biological production in the sea, it is crucial to understand the origins, modification processes, and spatiotemporal variations of the water masses from the Bering Sea with changes in nutrient concentrations. To improve water mass analysis in the shelf regions of the Bering and Chukchi Seas, we observed levels of humic‐like fluorescent organic matter (FOMH) by using an in situ fluorometer directly connected to a temperature‐salinity sensor during a cruise in the early summer of 2013 and evaluated the potential of FOMH as a third parameter of water mass analysis. The levels of FOMH were different among specific water masses in the region, and FOMH seemed to behave semiconservatively in the shelf regions of the Bering and Chukchi Seas during the early summer of 2013. The distributional pattern of FOMH implies that FOMH estimated by the in situ fluorometer has the potential to (1) separate warm water into riverine‐affected Alaskan Coastal Water and historically photobleached summer Bering Basin Water; (2) distinguish the Anadyr Water, which has low FOMH levels and high nutrient concentrations, from the Bering Shelf Water; and (3) determine different formation/modification processes of dense shelf water that contains high nutrient concentrations.
Intensified Deep Ocean Variability Induced by Topographic Rossby Waves at the Pacific Yap‐Mariana Junction
Authors: Ma Qiang , Wang Fan , Wang Jianing , Lyu Yilong
Published: October 2019

In a deep channel at the Pacific Yap‐Mariana Junction, intensified variability of flow and isotherm displacements over 3,000–4,600 m is revealed by two separate observations: the recent one during 2014–2016 and the two 20 years ago during 1996–1998. Observed velocity and isotherm displacements can reach 45 cm s−1 and ~600 m at 4,200 m, respectively. Such intensified variability is demonstrated to arise from topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) since vertical profiles of observed currents reasonably conform to TRW features of hyperbolic intensification with depth and highly vertical coherence in phase. Mercator Ocean model outputs reproduce observed TRWs and are used to discuss their energy sources. Both the energetic surface eddy moving across rough topography and mixed barotropic‐baroclinic instability of the background flow appear to be the candidates to generate TRWs.
MiR-129-5p inhibits liver cancer growth by targeting calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4)
Authors: Li Zhengzhao , Lu Junyu , Zeng Guang , Pang Jielong , Zheng Xiaowen , Feng Jihua , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: October 2019

This study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which miR-129-5p affects the biological function of liver cancer cells. The expression levels of miR-129–5p in liver cancer tissues and cells were, respectively, determined. Crystal violet staining and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were performed to test cell migration and invasion. The target gene of miR-129–5p was analyzed and verified by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Tumorigenicity assays in nude mice were used to test the antitumor ability of calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4). miR-129–5p was found to be underexpressed in hepatocellular cancer tissues and cells and also to inhibit liver cells proliferation, migration, and invasion and promote apoptosis. CAMK4 was a direct target for miR-129–5p and was lowly expressed in liver cancer tissues and cells. CAMK4 was also found to inhibit liver cells proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote apoptosis. CAMK4 might exert an antitumor effect by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). MiR-129–5p was a tumor suppressor with low expression in liver cancer tissues and cells. CAMK4, which is a direct target gene of miR-129–5p, could inhibit tumor by inhibiting the activation of MAPK signaling pathway.
SPOP suppresses pancreatic cancer progression by promoting the degradation of NANOG
Authors: Tan Peng , Xu Yunke , Du Yichao , Wu Lile , Guo Bing , Huang Shiyao , Zhu Jinhui , Li Bo , Lin Fujun , Yao Lei
Published: October 2019

Speckle-type POZ domain protein (SPOP), an adaptor in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, recognizes substrates and promotes protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. It appears to help regulate progression of several cancers, and we show here that it acts as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer. Our analysis of patient tissues showed decreased SPOP expression, which was associated with poor prognosis. SPOP knockdown in SW1990 (in vitro/vivo) and PANC-1 (in vitro) cells led to significantly greater proliferation, migration, and invasion. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in SW1990 cells showed that SPOP interacted with the stem-cell marker NANOG, and this interaction has recently been shown to play a critical role in regulating progression of prostate cancer. We showed that, in one patient with pancreatic cancer, the expression of a truncated form of SPOP (p.Q360*) lacking the nuclear localization signal led to nuclear accumulation of NANOG, which promoted growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Our results suggest that SPOP suppresses progression of pancreatic cancer by promoting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NANOG. These results identify the SPOP-NANOG interaction as a potential therapeutic target against pancreatic cancer.
Chronic stress promotes gastric cancer progression and metastasis: an essential role for ADRB2
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhang Yi , He Zhongyuan , Yin Kai , Li Bowen , Zhang Lu , Xu Zekuan
Published: October 2019

An increasing number of studies indicate that adrenergic signalling plays a fundamental role in chronic stress-induced tumour progression and metastasis. However, its function in gastric cancer (GC) and its potential mechanisms remain unknown. The expression levels of β-adrenergic receptor (ADRB) in GC cell lines were examined by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The effects of β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) activation and blockade were investigated in vitro in GC cells by using proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) increased the plasma levels of catecholamines and cortisol and also induced progression and metastasis of GC in vivo. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining and a TUNEL assay were employed to observe the regulation of cell viability in vivo. The expression levels of ADRB2 in 100 human GC samples were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine significantly accelerated GC cell proliferation, invasion and viability in culture, as well as tumour growth in vivo. These effects were reversed by the ADRB antagonists propranolol and ICI118,551 (an ADRB2-specific antagonist). Moreover, the selective ADRB1 antagonist atenolol had almost no effect on tumour cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. ADRB2 antagonists suppressed proliferation, invasion and metastasis by inhibiting the ERK1/2-JNK-MAPK pathway and transcription factors, such as NF-κB, AP-1, CREB and STAT3. Analysis of xenograft models using GC cells revealed that ADRB2 antagonists significantly inhibited tumour growth and metastasis, and chronic stress antagonized these inhibitory effects. In addition, chronic stress increased the expression of VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 in transplanted tumour tissue, and catecholamine hormones enhanced the expression of metastasis-related proteins. The expression of ADRB2 was upregulated in tumour tissues and positively correlated with tumour size, histological grade, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in human GC samples. Stress hormone-induced activation of the ADRB2 signalling pathway plays a crucial role in GC progression and metastasis. These findings indicate that ADRB2 signalling regulates GC progression and suggest β2 blockade as a novel strategy to complement existing therapies for GC.
An interaction-driven many-particle quantum heat engine and its universal behavior
Authors: Chen Yang-Yang , Watanabe Gentaro , Yu Yi-Cong , Guan Xi-Wen , del Campo Adolfo
Published: October 2019

A quantum heat engine (QHE) based on the interaction driving of a many-particle working medium is introduced. The cycle alternates isochoric heating and cooling strokes with both interaction-driven processes that are simultaneously isochoric and isentropic. When the working substance is confined in a tight waveguide, the efficiency of the cycle becomes universal at low temperatures and governed by the ratio of velocities of a Luttinger liquid. We demonstrate the performance of the engine with an interacting Bose gas as a working medium and show that the average work per particle is maximum at criticality. We further discuss a work outcoupling mechanism based on the dependence of the interaction strength on the external spin degrees of freedom.
High-density EEG mobile brain/body imaging data recorded during a challenging auditory gait pacing task
Authors: Wagner Johanna , Martinez-Cancino Ramon , Delorme Arnaud , Makeig Scott , Solis-Escalante Teodoro , Neuper Christa , Mueller-Putz Gernot
Published: October 2019

In this report we present a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) dataset that allows study of source-resolved cortical dynamics supporting coordinated gait movements in a rhythmic auditory cueing paradigm. Use of an auditory pacing stimulus stream has been recommended to identify deficits and treat gait impairments in neurologic populations. Here, the rhythmic cueing paradigm required healthy young participants to walk on a treadmill (constant speed) while attempting to maintain step synchrony with an auditory pacing stream and to adapt their step length and rate to unanticipated shifts in tempo of the pacing stimuli (e.g., sudden shifts to a faster or slower tempo). High-density electroencephalography (EEG, 108 channels), surface electromyography (EMG, bilateral tibialis anterior), pressure sensors on the heel (to register timing of heel strikes), and goniometers (knee, hip, and ankle joint angles) were concurrently recorded in 20 participants. The data is provided in the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) format to promote data sharing and reuse, and allow the inclusion of the data into fully automated data analysis workflows.
Investigations into the assembly behaviour of a ‘rigidified’p-carboxylatocalix[4]arene
Authors: Fairbairn Robyn E. , Teat Simon J. , Ling Irene , Dalgarno Scott J.
Published: October 2019

A rigidifiedp-carboxylatocalix[4]arene has been synthesised and used in self- and metal-directed assembly, affording molecular capsules in both neutral and salt forms, as well as 1-D coordination polymers.
Ag@TiO2nanogranular films by gas phase synthesis as hybrid SERS platforms
Authors: Bontempi Nicolò , Cavaliere Emanuele , Cappello Valentina , Pingue Pasqualantonio , Gavioli Luca
Published: October 2019

The synthesis of hybrid metallic-dielectric substrates as reliable SERS platforms relies on core–shell nanoparticles, obtained by supersonic beam deposition cluster technique, with an outer dielectric shell composed of TiO2and an inner core of Ag.
Two-dimensional Dirac fermions on oxidized black phosphorus
Authors: Kang Seoung-Hun , Park Jejune , Woo Sungjong , Kwon Young-Kyun
Published: October 2019

Using ab initio density functional theory calculations, we find four-fold degenerate Dirac points protected by two nonsymmorphic symmetries in phosphorene oxide with the inversion symmetry broken.
Singlet oxygen partition between the outer-, inner- and membrane-phases of photo/chemotherapeutic liposomes
Authors: Kabanov Vladimir , Ghosh Sanjana , Lovell Jonathan F. , Heyne Belinda
Published: October 2019

Herein, we developed a strategy to quantify the fraction of singlet oxygen lifetime spent in the three distinct local liposomal environments through the combination of direct and indirect singlet oxygen detection approaches.
Development of colloidal rare-earth arsenites as arsenic trioxide nanoparticle prodrugs (ATONP) for chemotherapy on a patient-derived xenograft model of colorectal cancer
Authors: Fu Xin , Zhang Hua-qing , Zhao Jun , Yu Lu-lu , Liang Qing-rong , Zhang Yu , Yi Xiu-Guang , Li Yong-xiu , Hu Ji-long , He Yuan-qiao , Tang Qun
Published: October 2019

Rare earth arsenite colloids, acting as arsenic trioxide nanoparticle prodrugs, effectively arrested cancer growth in a patient-derived colorectal xenograft model.
Aminonitrones as highly reactive bifunctional synthons. An expedient one-pot route to 5-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and 5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles – potential antimicrobials targeting multi-drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Il’in Mikhail V. , Sysoeva Alexandra A. , Bolotin Dmitrii S. , Novikov Alexander S. , Suslonov Vitalii V. , Rogacheva Elizaveta V. , Kraeva Liudmila A. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu.
Published: October 2019

A four-component one-pot reaction proceeds very rapidly under mild conditions and gives the heterocyclic systems in good yields.
Magnetite-like mixed-valence iron ferrimagnetic homohelical chains exhibiting spin canting, spin-flop and field induced SCM like behaviours
Authors: Lv Lin-Lin , Sun Ying-Xi , Ji Cui-Xian , Ma Shuai , Ren Jian-Wei , Wang Wei-Wei , Zhao Jiong-Peng , Liu Zhong-Yi , Lin Qing , Su Kaimin , He Yun , Liu Fu-Chen
Published: October 2019

Homohelical chains with magnetite like valence distribution exhibit ferrimagnetism, canted antiferromagnetism, spin-flop and field-induced SCM like behaviours.
Activation of carbon fiber for enhancing electrochemical performance
Authors: Ruan Chaohui , Li Pengxi , Xu Jing , Chen Yucheng , Xie Yibing
Published: October 2019

Carbon fiber sequentially undergoes thermal activation, electrochemical oxidation activation, electrochemical reduction activation and a secondary thermal activation process to form a highly activated carbon fiber electrode material.
Intelligibility of Children With Speech Sound Disorders Evaluated by Listeners With Swedish as a Second Language
Authors: Lagerberg Tove B. , Lam Jenny , Olsson Rikard , Abelin Åsa , Strömbergsson Sofia
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the intelligibility of children's atypical speech in relation to listeners' language background.

Method

Forty-eight participants listened to and transcribed isolated words repeated by children with speech sound disorders. Participants were divided into, on the one hand, a multilingual group (
n
= 29) that was further divided into subgroups based on age of acquisition (early, 0–3 years; intermediate, 4–12 years; and late, > 12 years) and, on the other hand, a monolingual comparison group (
n
= 19).

Results

The monolingual listeners obtained higher intelligibility scores than the multilingual listeners; this difference was statistically significant. Participants who acquired Swedish at an older age (> 4 years) were found to have lower scores than other listeners. The later the age of acquisition, the less of the atypical speech was decoded correctly. A further analysis of the transcriptions also revealed a higher level of nonwords among the incorrect transcriptions of the multilinguals than that of the monolinguals who used more real words, whereas both groups were equally prone to using blanks when they did not perceive a word.

Conclusions

This indicates a higher risk of communicative problems between late acquirers of Swedish and children with speech sound disorders. Clinical implications, such as involving communication partners in the intervention process, are discussed as well as possible linguistic explanations to the findings. This study could be seen as a starting point in the field of research regarding the relations between the language background of the listener and the ability to perceive atypical speech.
Efficacy of Conversation Training Therapy for Patients With Benign Vocal Fold Lesions and Muscle Tension Dysphonia Compared to Historical Matched Control Patients
Authors: Gillespie Amanda I. , Yabes Jonathan , Rosen Clark A. , Gartner-Schmidt Jackie L.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Conversation training therapy (CTT) is the 1st voice therapy approach to eliminate the traditional therapeutic hierarchy and use patient-driven conversation as the sole therapeutic stimulus. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of CTT compared to standard-of-care voice therapy approaches for the treatment of patients with voice disorders.

Method

A prospective study of CTT treatment outcomes in adults with dysphonia due to primary muscle tension dysphonia or benign vocal fold lesions compared to age, gender, and diagnosis historical matched control (HMC) patients was used. The primary outcome was change in Voice Handicap Index–10 (VHI-10); secondary outcomes included acoustic, aerodynamic, and auditory-perceptual outcomes. Data were collected before treatment (baseline), at the start of each therapy session, 1 week after the final therapy session (short-term follow-up), and 3 months after the final therapy session (long-term follow-up).

Results

For the CTT group, statistically significant improvements were observed for VHI-10. Though statistically significant improvements were observed for the VHI-10 for the HMC group, the CTT group saw significantly greater improvement in VHI-10. Furthermore, equivalent gains were observed following only 2 sessions of CTT compared to 4–8 sessions of traditional therapy. Significant improvements in the CTT group were observed for cepstral peak prominence in a vowel, fundamental frequency, Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia in a vowel and connected speech, vocal intensity, average airflow in speech in a reading passage, number of breaths and duration of reading passage, and auditory-perceptual measurement of overall voice severity.

Conclusions

Results support the hypothesis that training voice techniques in the context of spontaneous conversational speech improves patient perception of voice handicap and acoustic, aerodynamic, and auditory-perceptual voice outcomes both immediately following treatment and at long-term follow-up. CTT participants also demonstrated significantly larger decreases in VHI-10 compared to HMC participants who received standard-of-care, nonconversational, hierarchical-based voice therapy.
Deutsch-türkische Freundschaft und Kooperation in der Geburtshilfe
Authors: Mallmann Peter
Published: October 2019

Seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und insbesondere nach Gründung der Türkischen Republik im Jahr 1923 bestanden enge medizinische Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei. Zahlreiche deutsche Kollegen waren beratend beim Aufbau des Gesundheitssystems in der Türkei beteiligt. Zahlreiche medizinische Lehrbücher mit deutschen Co-Autoren belegen dies auch auf wissenschaftlichem Gebiet.
Trinkwasserdesinfektion auf Reisen: Ein Update für die reisemedizinische Beratung
Authors: Timmermann Lisa F.
Published: October 2019

In Regionen ohne kommunale Wasseraufbereitung sind Reisende auf eine eigenständige Desinfektion ihres Trinkwassers angewiesen. Hierzu steht eine Vielzahl sowohl altbewährter als auch innovativer Methoden zur Verfügung, von denen jede Stärken und Schwächen aufweist. Die Güte des Desinfektionsergebnisses unterliegt dem Einfluss zahlreicher Umweltfaktoren und nicht jede Methode eignet sich gleichermaßen für alle Reisekonzepte und Reiseregionen. Dies macht die Trinkwasserhygiene in der reisemedizinischen Beratung zu einem komplexen Thema. Der vorliegende Artikel liefert einen Überblick über die aktuell gebräuchlichen Methoden der Trinkwasserdesinfektion auf Reisen mit besonderem Fokus auf Wirkmechanismen und Einflussfaktoren. Im Anschluss wird ein Leitfaden für die Beratung Reisender zur Auswahl einer geeigneten Methode und Vermeidung von Fehlern bei deren Anwendung vorgeschlagen.
Ärzte als Leinwandhelden
Authors: Hardinghaus Christian
Published: October 2019

So wie die Heftserien über Ärzte unter den Groschenromanen keinen medizinischen Anspruch verfolgen, so ist es auch mit den TV-Serien. Doch beide gehören in ihrer Sparte zu den beliebtesten Produktionen. Zu den international erfolgreichsten Arzt-Fernsehserien aller Zeiten zählen etwa M*A*S*H oder Emergency Room. Auch in Deutschland räumten TV-Serien über Ärzte immer wieder Preise ab und erreichten Traumeinschaltquoten. Erinnern Sie sich? Die Schwarzwaldklinik, Der Bergdoktor, Familie Dr. Kleist. Und die Faszination ebbt nicht ab. Auch im Zeitalter der Streaming-Dienste laufen sie erfolgreich. Doctor‘s Diary – Männer sind die beste Medizin, Die Sachsenklinik oder Charité. Der jungen Generation heute weniger bekannt ist die kurze Epoche des Arztfilmes. Dieses eigene Genre der 1950er Jahre bediente die Sehnsucht der Deutschen nach Geborgenheit und Sicherheit. Die Ärzte entschieden immer selbstlos, waren Experten, Seelsorger und Vorbilder auf ganzer Linie. Letztendlich trug das Genre wohl einen großen Anteil dazu bei, dass der Beruf des Arztes bis heute als Traumberuf gilt. Einige dieser Arztfilme möchte ich Ihnen heute vorstellen.
Configuration of Primary and Recurrent Aggressive Fibromatosis on Contrast-Enhanced MRI with an Evaluation of Potential Risk Factors for Recurrences in MRI Follow-Up
Authors: Sedaghat Sam , Surov Alexey , Krohn Sebastian , Sedaghat Maya , Reichardt Benjamin , Nicolas Volkmar
Published: October 2019

Purpose To analyze the appearance of primary and recurrent aggressive fibromatosis (AF) on MRI with a focus on configuration and to determine potential risk factors for recurrences detected on MRI follow-up scans.

Methods From 79 consecutive patients with histologically proven diagnosis of AF, 39 patients underwent a minimum of four 1.5 T MRI follow-up scans after resection of primary AF between 2008 and 2018. The primary and recurrent tumors were radiographically examined for configuration, limitation and extent on MRI. Epidemiological data and loco-regional subcutaneous edema, muscle edema and post-operative seroma were included.

Results The mean age of the patients was 39 ± 2.6 years. Primary and recurrent AF most often occurred in the thigh. The main appearance of primary AF was significantly most often fascicular (p = 0.001–0.01) with heterogeneous and marked contrast enhancement. 21 % (n = 8) of the patients developed recurrences of AF. A fascicular configuration with homogeneous/heterogeneous contrast enhancement was the main appearance of recurrent AF, but recurrent AF appeared nodular, polycyclic, ovoid or streaky/flat as well. Recurrent AF significantly most often occurred within the first 9 months after primary tumor resection (p = 0.009), especially in patients up to 25 years of age (RR = 6.1; 95 % CI: 1.8–20.9; p = 0.004). The cases of recurrent AF were altogether significantly smaller than the primary tumors (p = 0.001). Post-treatment subcutaneous and muscle edema were present in 77 % and 56 %, respectively. Patients with muscle edema after primary tumor resection had a significantly higher risk for AF recurrences (relative risk ratio (RR) = 1.8; 95 % CI: 1.16–2.8; p = 0.0096). There was no significant difference detected in patients with complete or incomplete resection of the primary tumor.

Conclusion Primary and recurrent aggressive fibromatosis has a mostly fascicular configuration, but may appear ovoid, nodular, streaky/flat or polycyclic as well. High risks for tumor recurrences are detected for patients up to 25 years of age, patients within the first 9 post-operative months and patients with muscle edema after primary tumor resection.

Key points: 

Citation Format
Isothiazoles in the Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Substances and Ligands for Metal Complexes
Authors: Kletskov Alexey V. , Bumagin Nikolay A. , Zubkov Fedor I. , Grudinin Dmitry G. , Potkin Vladimir I.
Published: October 2019

The chemistry of isothiazoles is being intensively developed, which is evidenced by the wide range of selective transformations involving the isothiazole heterocycle and the high biological activity of its derivatives that can be used as effective new drugs and plant protection chemicals. Some representatives of isothiazoles have proven to be synergists of bioactive substances, which opens the way to lower the doses of drugs used and is especially important in cancer chemotherapy. In the framework of the present review, the accomplishments in the chemistry of isothiazoles over the past 18 years are examined, whilst current strategies for the synthesis of isothiazole-containing molecules and key directions of studies in this field of heterocyclic chemistry are discussed. Considerable attention is paid to chlorinated isothiazoles and strategies for their use in the synthesis of biologically active substances. In addition, a comprehensive review of existing literature in the field of metal complexes of isothiazoles is given, including the results and prospects for the practical use of isothiazole–metal complexes as catalysts for cross-coupling reactions in aqueous and aqueous–alcoholic media (‘green chemistry’).

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis by Ring-Forming Reactions

2.1 Intramolecular Cyclization

2.2 (4+1)-Heterocyclization

2.3 (3+2)-Heterocyclization

2.4 Syntheses by Ring Transformations

3 Isothiazoles by Ring Functionalization Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitution, Cross-Coupling and Side-Chain Functionalization

4 Selected Syntheses of Biologically Active Isothiazole Derivatives

5 Isothiazoles in the Synthesis of Transition-Metal Complexes and in Metal-Complex Catalysis

6 Conclusion
Selective and Scalable Dehydrogenative Electrochemical Synthesis of 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethyl-2,2′-biphenol
Authors: Selt Maximilian , Mentizi Stamo , Schollmeyer Dieter , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: October 2019

3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethyl-2,2′-biphenol is a compound of high technical significance, as it exhibits superior properties as building block for ligands in the transition-metal catalysis. However, side reactions and overoxidation are challenging issues in the conventional synthesis of this particular biphenol. Here, an electrochemical method is presented as powerful and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical strategies, which gives good yields up to 51%. Despite using inexpensive and well-available bromide-containing supporting electrolytes, the issue of bromination and general byproduct formation is effectively suppressed by adding water to the electrolyte. Additionally, the scalability of this method was demonstrated by conducting the electrolysis on a 122 g scale.
Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kaplan Jordan , Wagner Ryan D. , Braun Tara L. , Chu Carrie , Winocour Sebastian J.
Published: October 2019

Prepectoral breast reconstruction was first done in the early 1960s; however, while initial results were promising, high complication rates led surgeons to move toward submuscular implant placement. We soon came to find that submuscular implant placement was not without its own set of drawbacks. Surgeons have since revisited the efficacy of prepectoral breast reconstruction in light of new surgical and technological advances. Following these advancements, complication profiles for prepectoral breast reconstruction have drastically improved. Despite this change, surgeons recognize that prepectoral implant placement is not for everyone and patient selection is critical to success. As increasing numbers of these procedures continue to be done, we must now look to conduct direct comparisons between submuscular and prepectoral breast implant placement so that surgeons can make evidence-based decisions on patient selection and operative planning.
Evidence for the Use of Acellular Dermal Matrix in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Gravina Paula R. , Pettit Rowland W. , Davis Matthew J. , Winocour Sebastian J. , Selber Jesse C.
Published: October 2019

Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are tissue grafts that have been specially processed to remove all cellular components. These machined biological scaffolds have become popular in a variety of surgical settings due to their rapid incorporation into living tissue. As ADMs are highly malleable and cause minimal inflammation, they have come to serve as a useful tool in implant-based breast reconstruction procedures. The major benefits of using an ADM in this setting include superior initial breast contouring, decreased risk of capsular contracture after implant insertion, and consistent sustained positioning of the reconstructed breast. Despite these advantages, these tissue grafts are foreign to the host, and postoperative complications following ADM insertion, including infection and seroma, have been well documented. When considering using ADMs in this setting, it is important to first consider patient-specific factors that could preclude their use, such as low body mass index, small breasts, or a history of radiation exposure to the breast tissue. ADM grafts are also expensive, which may present another barrier to their use. Review of the literature ultimately suggests a continued role for ADMs in implant-based breast reconstruction, and continued research in this field is warranted.
Ground state and bounded state solution for the nonlinear fractional Choquard-Schrödinger-Poisson system
Authors: Teng Kaimin , Agarwal Ravi P.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we study a class of fractional Choquard-Schrödinger-Poisson system. Under some suitable assumptions, by using a variational approach, we establish the existence of non-negative ground state solution and also discuss the nonexistence of ground states. Moreover, we prove the existence of bounded state by using a linking theorem.
Identification of point defects on Co-Ni codoping in SnO2 nanocrystals and their effect on the structural and optical properties
Authors: Roy S. , Prajapati Brijmohan , Singh A. , Joshi Amish G. , Chatterjee S. , Ghosh Anup K.
Published: October 2019

Sn0.97−yCo0.03NiyO2 (0≤y≤0.04) nanocrystals, with the average crystallite size in the range from 7.3 nm (for y=0.00) to 5.6 nm (for y=0.04), have been synthesized using a pH-controlled chemical coprecipitation technique. All the nonstoichiometric and stoichiometric point defects arising in the nanocrystals on codoping have been identified, and their effect on structural and optical properties of the nanocrystals have been extensively studied. It has been observed, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), that on increasing the Ni codoping concentration (y), the nonstoichiometric Sn defect, SnSn″, increases in compensation of the existing defect Sni⋯⋅ for y=0.00 nanocrystals. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy also confirms the existence of SnSn″. Regarding the stoichiometric Frenkel defect, XPS results have indicated that the concentration of VO and Oi, manifested in the form of dangling bond related surface defect states, increases with increase in y. Temperature dependent magnetization measurements of the nanocrystals confirm the charge state of VO. The point defects have been found to affect the structural properties in a way that the distortion in the octahedral geometry of a complete Sn–O octahedron effectively reduces, whereas the distortion in the trigonal planar coordination geometry of oxygen increases. A direct effect of the O related Frenkel defect has been observed on the blue luminescence of the nanocrystals such that the spectral contribution of blue luminescence in the total emission intensity increases by ≈72% for y=0.04 as compared to y=0.00.
Characterization of oxygen vacancies in SrTiO3 by means of anelastic and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Chapron David , Cordero Francesco , Fontana Marc D.
Published: October 2019

Oxygen vacancies in reduced SrTiO3 are investigated by Raman spectroscopy and dynamic elastic modulus measurements. The anelastic spectrum is used to evaluate the amount and state of the O vacancies, which result to be almost completely paired and otherwise aggregated at a concentration of 0.5 mol. %, with only 1/6 of them isolated at room temperature. Raman spectra recorded as a function of temperature in as-grown and reduced samples are examined regarding the different processes which can contribute to them. Chemometric analysis is used to highlight the specific influence of oxygen vacancies on the Raman spectra. It is shown that oxygen vacancies induce a relaxation of selection rules leading to the activation of first-order lines even in the cubic phase. Furthermore, regions around oxygen vacancies are demonstrated to be responsible for the asymmetric broadening of Raman lines.
Tokamak rotation may not be as important to plasma confinement as previously thought
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: October 2019

Researchers studied the effects of external torque on plasma confinement and turbulence suppression.
Variability in the benefits of ocean acidification to photosynthetic rates of macroalgae without CO2-concentrating mechanisms
Authors: Cornwall C. E. , Hurd C. L.
Published: October 2019

Increasing concentrations of surface-seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) (ocean acidification) could favour seaweed species that currently are limited for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Among them, those that are unable to use CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to actively uptake bicarbonate (HCO3–) across the plasmalemma are most likely to benefit. Here, we assess how the DIC uptake and photosynthetic rates of three rhodophytes without CCMs respond to four seawater CO2 concentrations representing pre-industrial (280μatm), present-day (400μatm), representative concentration pathway (RCP) emissions scenario 8.52050 (650μatm) and RCP 8.52100 (1000μatm). We demonstrated that the photosynthetic rates of only one species increase between the preindustrial and end-of-century scenarios, but because of differing photosynthetic quotients (DIC taken up relative to O2 evolved), all three increase their DIC uptake rates from pre-industrial or present-day scenarios to the end-of-century scenario. These variable, but generally beneficial, responses highlight that not all species without CCMs will respond to ocean acidification uniformly. This supports past assessments that, on average, this group will likely benefit from the impacts of ocean acidification. However, more concerted efforts are now required to assess whether similar benefits to photosynthetic rates and DIC uptake are also observed in chlorophytes and ochrophytes without CCMs.
Factors influencing rates of human papillomavirus vaccination
Authors: Palmer Kelsey E , Moorman Krystal L , Nickman Nancy A , Owen David G
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was used to identify ways in which community clinic practices related to suboptimal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates could be improved.

Method

FMEA is a standardized safety method that helps determine where processes fail, the impact of failures, and needed process changes. In a quality improvement initiative conducted at an academic health center–based community clinic, a multidisciplinary team used FMEA to map HPV vaccination processes and identify areas for improvement of vaccination practices. Risk priority numbers (RPNs) were assigned to identified failure modes based on likelihood of occurrence, likelihood of detection, and ability to correct locally. Failure modes with the highest RPNs were targeted for process improvements.

Results

High RPN failure modes were related to clinic processes for follow-up, immunization status checks during well-child visits, and vaccination discussions during sick-child visits. New procedures included scheduling follow-up vaccinations and reminders during the initial vaccination appointment. HPV immunization rates improved following implementation of these procedures, indicating that clinic processes focused on patient follow-up can impact vaccination series completion.

Conclusion

FMEA processes can help health systems identify workflow barriers and locally relevant opportunities for improvement. Team-based approaches to care process improvements can also benefit from standardized problem identification and solving.
A plant economics spectrum of litter decomposition among coexisting fern species in a sub-tropical forest
Authors: Lin Dunmei , Yang Shufang , Dou Pengpeng , Wang Hongjuan , Wang Fang , Qian Shenhua , Yang Guangrong , Zhao Liang , Yang Yongchuan , Fanin Nicolas
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims

The plant economics spectrum theory provides a useful framework to examine plant strategies by integrating the co-ordination of plant functional traits along a resource acquisition–conservation trade-off axis. Empirical evidence for this theory has been widely observed for seed plants (Spermatophyta). However, whether this theory can be applied to ferns (Pteridophyta), a ubiquitous and ancient group of vascular plants, has rarely been evaluated so far.

Methods

We measured 11 pairs of plant functional traits on leaves and fine roots (diameter <2 mm) on 12 coexisting fern species in a sub-tropical forest. Litterbags of leaves and roots were placed in situ and exposed for 586 d to measure decomposition rates. The variation of traits across species and the co-ordination among traits within and between plant organs were analysed. Finally, the influence of the traits on decomposition rates were explored.

Key Results

Most leaf and root traits displayed high cross-species variation, and were aligned along a major resource acquisition–conservation trade-off axis. Many fern traits co-varied between leaves and fine roots, suggesting co-ordinated responses between above- and below-ground organs. Decomposition rates of leaves were significantly higher than those of fine roots, but they were significantly and positively correlated. Finally, our results highlight that the decomposition of both leaves and roots was relatively well predicted by the leaf and root economics spectra.

Conclusions

Our results support the existence of an acquisition–conservation trade-off axis within ferns and indicate that traits have important ‘afterlife’ effects on fern litter decomposition. We conclude that the plant economics spectrum theory that is commonly observed across seed plants can be applied to ferns species, thereby extending the generality of this theory to this ancient plant lineage in our study site. Our study further suggests that the evolutionary and ecological basis for the relationships among key economics traits appears to be similar between ferns and seed plants. Future studies involving larger data sets will be required to confirm these findings across different biomes at larger spatial scales.
Frequently asked questions about nonlinear dynamics and empirical dynamic modelling
Authors: Munch Stephan B , Brias Antoine , Sugihara George , Rogers Tanya L
Published: October 2019

Complex nonlinear dynamics are ubiquitous in marine ecology. Empirical dynamic modelling can be used to infer ecosystem dynamics and species interactions while making minimal assumptions. Although there is growing enthusiasm for applying these methods, the background required to understand them is not typically part of contemporary marine ecology curricula, leading to numerous questions and potential misunderstanding. In this study, we provide a brief overview of empirical dynamic modelling, followed by answers to the ten most frequently asked questions about nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear forecasting.