bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral health‐related concerns, behavior, and communication with health care providers of patients with breast cancer: impact of different treatments
Authors: Taichman L. Susan , Van Poznak Catherine H. , Inglehart Marita R.
Published: January 2018

Aim

The objectives are to compare responses of breast cancer (BCa) treatment groups (chemotherapy, tamoxifen, and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) to each other and a control regarding (a) subjective oral health, (b) oral health‐related behaviors, (c) oral health‐related concerns, and (d) communication with health care providers.

Methods

Survey data were collected from 140 postmenopausal BCa patients and 41 healthy postmenopausal control respondents.

Results

BCa patients reported on average more frequent mouth sores/mucositis (5‐point scale with 1 = never: 1.63 vs. 1.14; p < .01), glossadynia (1.60 vs. 1.07; p < .01), xerostomia (2.48 vs. 1.40; p < .01), and dysgeusia (2.10 vs. 1.46; p < .01) than the control respondents. Patients undergoing chemotherapy were more aware that cancer treatment can affect their oral health than patients on tamoxifen/AI (93% vs. 55%/56%; p < .001). BCa patients reported being more frequently informed by oncologists about oral health‐related effects of cancer treatment than by dentists. Oncologists/nurses were more likely to communicate about oral health‐related treatment effects with patients undergoing chemotherapy than patients on tamoxifen or AIs. Few BCa patients perceived dentists as knowledgeable about cancer treatment‐related oral concerns and trusted them less than oncologists.

Conclusions

BCa treatments impact oral health. Low percentages of BCa patients had received specific information about impacts of BCa treatments on oral health from their dentists.
From Backlash to Inclusion for All: Instituting Diversity Efforts to Maximize Benefits Across Group Lines
Authors: Brannon Tiffany N. , Carter Evelyn R. , Murdock‐Perriera Lisel Alice , Higginbotham Gerald D.
Published: January 2018

Recent real‐world events in which diversity policies and practices have been met with severe backlash can prompt a zero‐sum perception of inclusion efforts. This article offers theory‐based insights for instituting diversity initiatives that can afford inclusion for all—allowing institutions to reap the benefits of diversity efforts while reducing the costs of backlash. Using an inclusion for all framework we highlight three salient, interrelated, sources of backlash tied to dominant group members’ goals and motivations: (1) perceived or actual restriction of independence or autonomy, (2) preference for the status quo and colorblindness, and (3) beliefs that racial and other social equalities have been reached. Throughout, we emphasize an intergroup focus that recognizes the interdependent yet often divergent goals and motivations of marginalized and dominant groups. Mainstream institutions’ (colleges, workplaces) role as a critical site for inclusion interventions is discussed.
Tuning Parameter Selection in Cox Proportional Hazards Model with a Diverging Number of Parameters
Authors: Ni Ai , Cai Jianwen
Published: January 2018

Regularized variable selection is a powerful tool for identifying the true regression model from a large number of candidates by applying penalties to the objective functions. The penalty functions typically involve a tuning parameter that controls the complexity of the selected model. The ability of the regularized variable selection methods to identify the true model critically depends on the correct choice of the tuning parameter. In this study, we develop a consistent tuning parameter selection method for regularized Cox's proportional hazards model with a diverging number of parameters. The tuning parameter is selected by minimizing the generalized information criterion. We prove that, for any penalty that possesses the oracle property, the proposed tuning parameter selection method identifies the true model with probability approaching one as sample size increases. Its finite sample performance is evaluated by simulations. Its practical use is demonstrated in The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer data.
On the Relationship between Forward and Backward Gapping
Authors: Citko Barbara
Published: January 2018

This article examines the relationship between forward and backward gapping, based on the evidence from Polish, a language that allows both types. The two types of gapping differ with respect to polarity mismatches, word order, compatibility with relational modifiers, cumulative agreement, and the ability to gap subconstituents. However, they pattern together with respect to inflectional mismatches, preposition stranding, and the behavior of the remnants with respect to movement constraints. Both the differences and the similarities are argued to follow from two distinct derivations, in which forward gapping involves ellipsis (resulting in two copies of the gapped string), whereas backward gapping involves a multidominant structure with the gapped string being literally shared between the two conjuncts (resulting in a single copy).
Experimental Nonlinear Model Identification of a Highly Nonlinear Resonator
Authors: Yildirim Tanju , Zhang Jiawei , Sun Shuaishuai , Alici Gursel , Zhang Shiwu , Li Weihua
Published: January 2018

In this work, two model identification methods are used to estimate the nonlinear large deformation behavior of a nonlinear resonator in the time and frequency domains. A doubly clamped beam with a slender geometry carrying a central intraspan mass when subject to a transverse excitation is used as the highly nonlinear resonator. A nonlinear Duffing equation has been used to represent the system for which the main source of nonlinearity arises from large midplane stretching. The first model identification technique uses the free vibration of the system and the Hilbert transform (HT) to identify a nonlinear force–displacement relationship in the large deformation region. The second method uses the frequency response of the system at various base accelerations to relate the maximum resonance frequency to the nonlinear parameter arising from the centerline extensibility. Experiments were conducted using the doubly clamped slender beam and an electrodynamic shaker to identify the model parameters of the system using both of the identification techniques. It was found that both methods produced near identical model parameters; an excellent agreement between theory and experiments was obtained using either of the identification techniques. This follows that two different model identification techniques in the time and frequency domains can be employed to accurately predict the nonlinear response of a highly nonlinear resonator.
Non-Normal Dynamic Analysis for Predicting Transient Milling Stability
Authors: Bi Qingzhen , Wang Xinzhi , Chen Hua , Zhu Limin , Ding Han
Published: January 2018

A transient milling stability analysis method is presented based on linear dynamics. Milling stability is usually analyzed based on asymptotic stability methods, such as the Floquet theory and the Nyquist stability criterion. These theories define stability that can return to equilibrium in an infinite time horizon under any initial condition. However, as a matter of fact, most dynamic processes in milling operations occur on a finite time scale. The transient vibration can be caused by some disturbance in practical milling process. Heavy transient vibrations were observed in existing works, though the machining parameters were selected in the stability zone determined by the asymptotic stability method. The strong transient vibrations will severely decrease the machining surface quality, especially for small workpieces in which the majority of machining process is executed in a short period of time. The analysis method of the transient milling stability is seldom studied, and only some experiments and conjectures can be found. Here the transient milling stability is defined as transient energy growth in a finite time horizon, and the prediction method of transient stability is proposed based on linear dynamics. The eigenvalues and non-normal eigenvectors of the Floquet transition matrix are all used to predict the transient milling stability, while only eigenvalues are employed in the traditional asymptotic stability analysis method. The transient stability is finally analyzed by taking the maximum vibration energy growth and the maximum duration time of transient energy growth in a finite time for optimal selection of processing parameters.
Effect of calcium on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of microarc oxidized Mg-xCa alloys
Authors: Pan Yaokun , Chen Chuanzhong , Feng Rui , Cui Hongwei , Gong Benkui , Zheng Tingting , Ji Yarou
Published: January 2018

Magnesium alloys are potential biodegradable implants for biomedical applications, and calcium (Ca) is one kind of ideal element being examined for magnesium alloys and biodegradable ceramic coatings owing to its biocompatibility and mechanical suitability. In this study, microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on Mg-xCa alloys to study the effect of Ca on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-xCa alloys and their surface MAO coatings. The electrochemical corrosion behavior was investigated using an electrochemical workstation, and the degradability and bioactivity were evaluated by soaking tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions. The corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The effects of Ca on the alloy phase composition, microstructure, MAO coating formation mechanism, and corrosion behavior were investigated. Results showed that the Mg-0.82Ca alloy and MAO-coated Mg-0.82Ca exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. The number and distribution of Mg2Ca phases can be controlled by adjusting the Ca content in the Mg-xCa alloys. The proper amount of Ca in magnesium alloy was about 0.5–0.8 wt. %. The pore size, surface roughness, and corrosion behavior of microarc oxidized Mg-xCa samples can be controlled by the number and distribution of the Mg2Ca phase. The corrosion behaviors of microarc oxidized Mg-Ca in SBF solutions were discussed.
Two-Dimensional Light Diffraction from an EPROM Chip
Authors: Ekkens Tom
Published: January 2018

In introductory physics classes, a laser pointer and a compact disc are all the items required to illustrate diffraction of light in a single dimension. If a two-dimensional diffraction pattern is desired, double axis diffraction grating material is available or a CCD sensor can be extracted from an unused electronics device. This article presents an alternative to the above methods for obtaining a two-dimensional diffraction pattern. The advantages of this method are that no disassembly is required, the spacing in each axis is different, and many students are better able to understand how crystal-lography works when using objects instead of slits.
Variability of phase and amplitude fronts due to horizontal refraction in shallow water
Authors: Katsnelson Boris G. , Grigorev Valery A. , Lynch James F.
Published: January 2018

The variability of the interference pattern of a narrow-band sound signal in a shallow water waveguide in the horizontal plane in the presence of horizontal stratification, in particular due to linear internal waves, is studied. It is shown that lines of constant phase (a phase front) and lines of constant amplitude/envelope (an amplitude front) for each waveguide mode may have different directions in the spatial vicinity of the point of reception. The angle between them depends on the waveguide's parameters, the mode number, and the sound frequency. Theoretical estimates and data processing methodology for obtaining these angles from experimental data recorded by a horizontal line array are proposed. The behavior of the angles, which are obtained for two episodes from the Shallow Water 2006 (SW06) experiment, show agreement with the theory presented.
Americas peopled in a single wave, ancient genomereveals
Authors: Price Michael
Published: January 2018

DNA from Alaskan infant suggests a long arctic sojourn.
Germany steps up to the plate in global health
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: January 2018

A country long held back by its past emerges as a new leader, but its own research output is still lagging.
Earth-based planet finders power up
Authors: Clery Daniel
Published: January 2018

Increases in precision put Earth twins in reach.
Weapons in waiting
Authors: Stone Richard
Published: January 2018

The 2002 Moscow theater raid marked the debut of a new chemical weapon: fentanyl derivatives.
Earth scientists list top priorities for space missions
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: January 2018

Report urges NASA to choose medium-size Earth-observing satellites through competition to keep costs down.
Cuba's 100-year plan for climate change
Authors: Stone Richard
Published: January 2018

Nation seeks assistance for project to strengthen coastal defenses and relocate villages.
The long shadow of Frankenstein
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: January 2018

Mary Shelley's 200-year-old tale is still essential reading for scientists.
How a horror story haunts science
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: January 2018

A novel offers grist for psychologists and science historians, ammunition for technophobes, and even inspiration for researchers.
Creating a modern monster
Authors: Shultz David
Published: January 2018

A toolbox for Frankensteins of the 21st century.
Elevated
HLA-A
expression impairs HIV control through inhibition of NKG2A-expressing cells
Authors: Ramsuran Veron , Naranbhai Vivek , Horowitz Amir , Qi Ying , Martin Maureen P. , Yuki Yuko , Gao Xiaojiang , Walker-Sperling Victoria , Del Prete Gregory Q. , Schneider Douglas K. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Fellay Jacques , Deeks Steven G. , Martin Jeffrey N. , Goedert James J. , Wolinsky Steven M. , Michael Nelson L. , Kirk Gregory D. , Buchbinder Susan , Haas David , Ndung’u Thumbi , Goulder Philip , Parham Peter , Walker Bruce D. , Carlson Jonathan M. , Carrington Mary
Published: January 2018

Inhibiting natural killer cells in AIDS

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene complex varies enormously among individuals and helps explain individual variation in immunity to infectious diseases. Ramsuran
et al.
examined data from almost 10,000 HIV infections. Expression of the
HLA-A
and -
B
alleles was associated with higher viral load, reduced CD4
+
T cell counts, and accelerated progression to AIDS. Higher levels of
HLA-A
expression increased expression of
HLA-E
, which blocks a specific receptor (NKG2A) on the immune cells that normally eliminate virus-infected cells. Thus, targeting NKG2A might provide a therapeutic avenue for HIV treatment.

Science
, this issue p.
86
An excess of massive stars in the local 30 Doradus starburst
Authors: Schneider F. R. N. , Sana H. , Evans C. J. , Bestenlehner J. M. , Castro N. , Fossati L. , Gräfener G. , Langer N. , Ramírez-Agudelo O. H. , Sabín-Sanjulián C. , Simón-Díaz S. , Tramper F. , Crowther P. A. , de Koter A. , de Mink S. E. , Dufton P. L. , Garcia M. , Gieles M. , Hénault-Brunet V. , Herrero A. , Izzard R. G. , Kalari V. , Lennon D. J. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Markova N. , Najarro F. , Podsiadlowski Ph. , Puls J. , Taylor W. D. , van Loon J. Th. , Vink J. S. , Norman C.
Published: January 2018

Observing more massive stars

The number of stars that form at each mass is known as the initial mass function (IMF). For most masses, the IMF follows a power-law distribution, first determined by Edwin Salpeter in 1955. Schneider
et al.
used observations of the nearby star-forming region 30 Doradus (also known as the Tarantula Nebula) and combined these with stellar modeling to determine its IMF. They found more stars above 30 solar masses than predicted by the Salpeter distribution. Because the most massive stars also have the biggest influence on their surroundings—for instance, through ultraviolet radiation, stellar winds, supernova explosions, and production of heavy elements—this excess will have wide-ranging implications.

Science
, this issue p.
69
Gene therapy comes of age
Authors: Dunbar Cynthia E. , High Katherine A. , Joung J. Keith , Kohn Donald B. , Ozawa Keiya , Sadelain Michel
Published: January 2018

Gene therapy: The power of persistence

Nearly 50 years after the concept was first proposed, gene therapy is now considered a promising treatment option for several human diseases. The path to success has been long and tortuous. Serious adverse effects were encountered in early clinical studies, but this fueled basic research that led to safer and more efficient gene transfer vectors. Gene therapy in various forms has produced clinical benefits in patients with blindness, neuromuscular disease, hemophilia, immunodeficiencies, and cancer. Dunbar
et al.
review the pioneering work that led the gene therapy field to its current state, describe gene-editing technologies that are expected to play a major role in the field's future, and discuss practical challenges in getting these therapies to patients who need them.

Science
, this issue p.
eaan4672
Rapid genome shrinkage in a self-fertile nematode reveals sperm competition proteins
Authors: Yin Da , Schwarz Erich M. , Thomas Cristel G. , Felde Rebecca L. , Korf Ian F. , Cutter Asher D. , Schartner Caitlin M. , Ralston Edward J. , Meyer Barbara J. , Haag Eric S.
Published: January 2018

Examining the consequences of selfing

The
Caenorhabditis
genus of nematodes includes a mix of closely related outcrossing and self-fertilizing (selfing) species. Genome size differs widely among these different species. Yin
et al.
generated a genome assembly for the outcrossing nematode
C. nigoni
and compared it with that of its close relative, the selfing
C. briggsae. C. briggsae
has experienced a substantial decrease in genome size since the two species' recent divergence. The underlying causes of this size difference appear to involve a decrease in protein-coding genes and changes in other types of sequences that have homology with RNAs expressed primarily in
C. nigoni
males. One of the implicated gene families, the mss family, compromises sperm competitiveness. Thus, in nematodes, selfing appears to result in a decrease in genome size owing to selection to reduce male reproductive function.

Science
, this issue p.
55
CX3CR1
+
mononuclear phagocytes control immunity to intestinal fungi
Authors: Leonardi Irina , Li Xin , Semon Alexa , Li Dalin , Doron Itai , Putzel Gregory , Bar Agnieszka , Prieto Daniel , Rescigno Maria , McGovern Dermot P. B. , Pla Jesus , Iliev Iliyan D.
Published: January 2018

Phagocytes patrol intestinal fungi

Maintaining a healthy balance of gut bacteria can promote good health. Leonardi
et al.
show that fungi can also interact with gut immune cells to maintain intestinal well-being. CX3CR1
+
mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) patrol the intestine and promote antifungal immunity. Genetic deletion of CX3CR1 in MNPs caused colitis-like symptoms in mice. CX3CR1 polymorphisms were detected in Crohn's disease patients that were unable to produce antibodies against multiple fungal species. Thus, commensal fungi may be as important as bacteria in maintaining gut health, and antifungal therapy could hold promise for treating intestinal inflammation.

Science
, this issue p.
232
Exposed subsurface ice sheets in the Martian mid-latitudes
Authors: Dundas Colin M. , Bramson Ali M. , Ojha Lujendra , Wray James J. , Mellon Michael T. , Byrne Shane , McEwen Alfred S. , Putzig Nathaniel E. , Viola Donna , Sutton Sarah , Clark Erin , Holt John W.
Published: January 2018

Water ice cliffs on Mars

Some locations on Mars are known to have water ice just below the surface, but how much has remained unclear. Dundas
et al.
used data from two orbiting spacecraft to examine eight locations where erosion has occurred. This revealed cliffs composed mostly of water ice, which is slowly sublimating as it is exposed to the atmosphere. The ice sheets extend from just below the surface to a depth of 100 meters or more and appear to contain distinct layers, which could preserve a record of Mars' past climate. They might even be a useful source of water for future human exploration of the red planet.

Science
, this issue p.
199
The commensal microbiome is associated with anti–PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Matson Vyara , Fessler Jessica , Bao Riyue , Chongsuwat Tara , Zha Yuanyuan , Alegre Maria-Luisa , Luke Jason J. , Gajewski Thomas F.
Published: January 2018

Good bacteria help fight cancer

Resident gut bacteria can affect patient responses to cancer immunotherapy (see the Perspective by Jobin). Routyet al.show that antibiotic consumption is associated with poor response to immunotherapeutic PD-1 blockade. They profiled samples from patients with lung and kidney cancers and found that nonresponding patients had low levels of the bacteriumAkkermansia muciniphila. Oral supplementation of the bacteria to antibiotic-treated mice restored the response to immunotherapy. Matsonet al.and Gopalakrishnanet al.studied melanoma patients receiving PD-1 blockade and found a greater abundance of “good” bacteria in the guts of responding patients. Nonresponders had an imbalance in gut flora composition, which correlated with impaired immune cell activity. Thus, maintaining healthy gut flora could help patients combat cancer.

Science, this issue p.91, p.104, p.97; see also p.32
Social place-cells in the bat hippocampus
Authors: Omer David B. , Maimon Shir R. , Las Liora , Ulanovsky Nachum
Published: January 2018

The representation of others in space

Different sets of neurons encode the spatial position and orientation of an organism. However, social animals need to know the position of other individuals for social interactions, observational learning, and group navigation. Surprisingly, very little is known about how the position of other animals is represented in the brain. Danjo
et al.
and Omer
et al.
now report the discovery of a subgroup of neurons in hippocampal area CA1 that encodes the presence of conspecifics in rat and bat brains, respectively.

Science
, this issue p.
213
, p.
218
Phase separation of a yeast prion protein promotes cellular fitness
Authors: Franzmann Titus M. , Jahnel Marcus , Pozniakovsky Andrei , Mahamid Julia , Holehouse Alex S. , Nüske Elisabeth , Richter Doris , Baumeister Wolfgang , Grill Stephan W. , Pappu Rohit V. , Hyman Anthony A. , Alberti Simon
Published: January 2018

Biophysical responses of proteins to stress

Much recent work has focused on liquid-liquid phase separation as a cellular response to changing physicochemical conditions. Because phase separation responds critically to small changes in conditions such as pH, temperature, or salt, it is in principle an ideal way for a cell to measure and respond to changes in the environment. Small pH changes could, for instance, induce phase separation of compartments that store, protect, or inactivate proteins. Franzmann
et al.
used the yeast translation termination factor Sup35 as a model for a phase separation–induced stress response. Lowering the pH induced liquid-liquid phase separation of Sup35. The resulting liquid compartments subsequently hardened into gels, which sequestered the termination factor. Raising the pH triggered dissolution of the gels, concomitant with translation restart. Protecting Sup35 in gels could provide a fitness advantage to recovering yeast cells that must restart the translation machinery after stress.

Science
, this issue p.
eaao5654
Fatty acyl recognition and transfer by an integral membrane
S
-acyltransferase
Authors: Rana Mitra S. , Kumar Pramod , Lee Chul-Jin , Verardi Raffaello , Rajashankar Kanagalaghatta R. , Banerjee Anirban
Published: January 2018

Fattening up proteins

Many eukaryotic proteins are modified by the attachment of lipids, and these modifications can alter how proteins interact with cellular membranes. Rana
et al.
present x-ray crystal structures of an integral membrane enzyme that appends a fatty acyl chain onto a cysteine residue of target proteins. The enzyme active site is situated at the membrane surface, thus explaining the enzyme's preference for substrates that are already membrane-associated. The structure of a fatty acid-like inhibitor bound within a hydrophobic cavity elucidates the mechanism for the enzyme's acyl chain specificity.

Science
, this issue p.
eaao6326
Antagonism toward the intestinal microbiota and its effect on
Vibrio cholerae
virulence
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Caro Florence , Robins William , Mekalanos John J.
Published: January 2018

Cholera pathogen zaps competition

Many bacterial pathogens inject their hosts with virulence effectors delivered by specialist secretion machines.
Vibrio cholerae
has a type VI secretion system (T6SS) that can be loaded with protein toxins that target eukaryote host cells or kill competing bacteria. Zhao
et al.
discovered that mutant
V. cholerae
lacking a T6SS could not compete against
Escherichia coli
strains in the mouse gut. In contrast, intact
V. cholerae
readily gained a foothold in the gut of young mice, pumping up inflammatory immune responses and prompting more violent symptoms.

Science
, this issue p.
210
Our idiosyncracies
I, Mammal
: The Story of What Makes Us Mammals
Liam Drew
Bloomsbury Sigma, 2018. 336 pp.
Authors: Goldman Michael A.
Published: January 2018

A witty romp through evolution reveals a trove of curiosities in mammalian biology
Revisit a cautionary classic
Frankenstein
: Annotated for Scientists, Engineers, and Creators of All Kinds
Mary Shelley, author; David H. Guston, Ed Finn, and Jason Scott Robert, Eds.
MIT Press, 2017. 315 pp.
Authors: Greenbaum Dov
Published: January 2018

Lessons for scientists fill a newly annotated
Frankenstein
The genomics of climate change
Authors: Fitzpatrick Mark J. , Edelsparre Allan H.
Published: January 2018

A study of yellow warblers identifies genomic regions involved in climate change adaptation
Malaria parasite evolution in a test tube
Authors: Carlton Jane M.
Published: January 2018

Experimental evolution studies reveal drug targets and resistance mechanisms
Improbable Big Birds
Authors: Wagner Catherine E.
Published: January 2018

Darwin's finches prove a mechanism for the rapid formation of new species
A new mitotic activity comes into focus
Authors: Saldivar Joshua C. , Cimprich Karlene A.
Published: January 2018

The ATR kinase has a role in mitosis to promote chromosome segregation
Silencing stemness in T cell differentiation
Authors: Henning Amanda N. , Klebanoff Christopher A. , Restifo Nicholas P.
Published: January 2018

Epigenetic repression is required for the generation of CD8
+
effector T cells
An Intracellular Ammonium Transporter Is Necessary for Replication, Differentiation, and Resistance to Starvation and Osmotic Stress in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Cruz-Bustos Teresa , Potapenko Evgeniy , Storey Melissa , Docampo Roberto
Published: January 2018

Trypanosoma cruzi
is an important human and animal pathogen and the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. The parasite undergoes drastic changes in its metabolism during its life cycle. Amino acid consumption becomes important in the infective stages and leads to the production of ammonia (NH
3
), which needs to be detoxified. We report here the identification of an ammonium (NH
4
+
) transporter that localizes to acidic compartments and is important for replication, differentiation, and resistance to starvation and osmotic stress.
Nature’s Wastebasket: The Role of the External Carotid Artery in Acute Stroke
Authors: Jones Jesse , Liang Conrad William , Ramezan-Arab Nima , Duckwiler Gary , Tateshima Satoshi
Published: January 2018

We describe a novel technical approach to acute stroke illustrated by the case of a 41 year old male who presented with tandem right common carotid artery (CCA) and M1 occlusions. His NIHSS was 17 and Alberta stroke programe early CT score (ASPECTs) was 8. Thrombectomy initially proved challenging due to large volume CCA thrombus that repeatedly occluded the aspiration catheters. However, by inflating a balloon distally and pulling clot into the adjacent ECA, we were able to quickly restore distal contrast flow to the intracranial circulation and achieve Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction/Arterial Occlusive Lesion (TICI2C/AOL3) revascularization.
Regenerative potential of the soil seed bank along an elevation gradient of rupestrian grassland in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Luz Giovana Rodrigues da , Mota Graciene da Silva , Spadeto Cristiani , Tolentino Gláucia Soares , Fernandes G. Wilson , Nunes Yule Roberta Ferreira
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the species richness and abundance of the seed bank and the influence of soil attributes along an elevation gradient (800–1400 m a.s.l.). We examined the floristic similarity among areas and determined the regional diversity along this gradient in Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais, Brazil). A total of 1975 individuals from 149 species were germinated. Richness and abundance were not linearly related to elevation, and exhibited a threshold at 1200 m. The low degree of similarity among the areas reflects environmental heterogeneity, resulting from a rich mosaic of habitats, distinguished by the substrate configuration, continuity of vegetation, floristic composition, and proportion of exposed rock. The diversity between plots of different areas (β2) contributed to regional diversity, and species turnover was the most important factor. The physical variables and base saturation, which had high spatial heterogeneity, may be the most important factors with which to determine species turnover and β diversity. The studied seed bank is strongly influenced by edaphic variables, with a gradient of increasing acidity and proportion of fine sand, and decreasing proportion of clay and organic matter, with elevation. In addition, species richness was influenced by cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and clay; and abundance was influenced by cation exchange capacity, H + Al, organic matter, and base saturation.
Failure to detect ecological and evolutionary effects of harvest on exploited fish populations in a managed fisheries ecosystem
Authors: Zhang Fan , Gíslason Davíð , Reid Kevin B. , Debertin Allan J. , Turgeon Katrine , Nudds Thomas D.
Published: January 2018

Overexploitation and collapse of major fisheries raises important concerns about effects of harvest on fish populations. We tested for ecological and evolutionary mechanisms by which harvest could affect exploited fish populations in Lake Erie over the last four decades, over most of which intensive fisheries management was implemented. We did not detect evidence of long-term negative effects of harvest on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), walleye (Sander vitreus), white perch (Morone americana), or white bass (Morone chrysops) populations, either through recruitment success or through alteration of maturation schedules. Current fisheries management in Lake Erie has been relatively successful with respect to minimizing negative harvest effects, such that the dynamics of exploited fish populations in Lake Erie were more strongly affected by environment than harvest. Our study adds to the evidence that effective fisheries management is capable of rebuilding depleted fisheries and (or) maintaining healthy fisheries. Nevertheless, fisheries management needs to move beyond the ecological dimension to incorporate economic, social, and institutional aspects for society to be better assured of the sustainability of fisheries in rapidly changing ecosystems.
Molecular analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes and their differential expression in mango peel
Authors: Bajpai Anju , Khan Kasim , Muthukumar M. , Rajan S. , Singh N.K.
Published: January 2018

Mango fruit is cherished by masses for its taste and nutrition, contributed by color, flavor, and aroma. Among these, peel color is an important trait contributing to fruit quality and market value. We attempted to elucidate the role of key genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway related to fruit peel color from the leaf transcriptome of mango cultivar Amrapali. A total of 108 mined transcript sequences were assigned to the phenylpropanoid–flavonoid pathway from which 15 contigs representing anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were annotated. Alternate splice variants were identified by mapping against genes of Citrus clementina and Vitis vinifera (closest relatives) and protein subcellular localization was determined. Phylogenetic analysis of these pathway genes clustered them into distinct groups aligning with homologous genes of Magnifera indica, C. clementina, and V. vinifera. Expression profiling revealed higher relative fold expressions in mature fruit peel of red-colored varieties (Arunika, Ambika, and Tommy Atkins) in comparison with the green-peeled Amrapali. MiCHS, MiCHI, and MiF3H alternate splice variants revealed differential gene expression. Functionally divergent variants indicate availability of an allelic pool programmed to play critical roles in peel color. This study provides insight into the molecular genetic basis of peel color and offers scope for development of biomarkers in varietal improvement programs.
Generalized Rough Fuzzy Ideals in Quantales
Authors: Qurashi Saqib Mazher , Shabir Muhammad
Published: January 2018

The paper examines the generalized rough fuzzy ideals of quantales. There are some intrinsic relations between fuzzy prime (primary) ideals of quantales and generalized rough fuzzy prime (primary) ideals of quantales. Homomorphic images of “generalized rough ideals, generalized rough prime (primary) ideals, and generalized rough fuzzy prime (primary) ideals” which are incited by quantale homomorphism are examined.
A Privacy-Preserving Incentive Mechanism for Participatory Sensing Systems
Authors: Niu Xiaoguang , Wang Jiawei , Ye Qiongzan , Zhang Yihao
Published: January 2018

The proliferation of mobile devices has facilitated the prevalence of participatory sensing applications in which participants collect and share information in their environments. The design of a participatory sensing application confronts two challenges: “privacy” and “incentive” which are two conflicting objectives and deserve deeper attention. Inspired by physical currency circulation system, this paper introduces the notion of E-cent, an exchangeable unit bearer currency. Participants can use the E-cent to take part in tasks anonymously. By employing E-cent, we propose an E-cent-based privacy-preserving incentive mechanism, called EPPI. As a dynamic balance regulatory mechanism, EPPI can not only protect the privacy of participant, but also adjust the whole system to the ideal situation, under which the rated tasks can be finished at minimal cost. To the best of our knowledge, EPPI is the first attempt to build an incentive mechanism while maintaining the desired privacy in participatory sensing systems. Extensive simulation and analysis results show that EPPI can achieve high anonymity level and remarkable incentive effects.
Impaired Gut Epithelial Tight Junction Expression in Hemodialysis Patients Complicated with Intradialytic Hypotension
Authors: Wu Tsai-Kun , Lim Paik-Seong , Jin Jong-Shiaw , Wu Ming-Ying , Chen Chang-Hsu
Published: January 2018

Background. There is accumulating evidence pointing to uremia-induced impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier structure in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this study, the impact of intradialytic hypotension on intestinal barrier integrity is being explored. Methods. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of 4 types of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, and claudin-4, in colonic samples of a group of patients receiving segmental colectomy. Five patients with nondialysis CKD (group 2), 5 HD patients with intradialytic hypotension (group 3), and 5 non-CKD subjects (group 1) were examined. Results. Both patients’ groups 2 and 3 demonstrated significantly reduced expression of occludin as compared to group 1 (p<0.05 and p<0.01, resp.). Except for claudin-4, expression of all markers of TJ proteins was significantly reduced in patients’ group 3 as compared to control (p<0.01). In addition, decreased expressions of claudin-1 and ZO-1 were also more pronounced in group 3 when compared to group 2. Conclusions. This study extends the earlier finding by demonstrating that dialysis-related hypotension caused even marked depletion of the key protein constituents of the epithelial TJ.
Critical Role of HAX-1 in Promoting Avian Influenza Virus Replication in Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Li Xue , Qu Bingqian , He Ganlin , Cardona Carol J. , Song Yongchun , Xing Zheng
Published: January 2018

The PB1-F2 protein of influenza A virus has been considered a virulence factor, but its function in inducing apoptosis may be of disadvantage to viral replication. Host mechanisms to regulate PB1-F2-induced apoptosis remain unknown. We generated a PB1-F2-deficient avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 and found that the mutant virus replicated less efficiently in human lung epithelial cells. The PB1-F2-deficient virus produced less apoptotic cells, indicating that PB1-F2 of the H9N2 virus promotes apoptosis, occurring at the early stage of infection, in the lung epithelial cells. To understand how host cells regulate PB1-F2-induced apoptosis, we explored to identify cellular proteins interacting with PB1-F2 and found that HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1), located mainly in the mitochondria as an apoptotic inhibitor, interacted with PB1-F2. Increased procaspase-9 activations, induced by PB1-F2, could be suppressed by HAX-1. In HAX-1 knockdown A549 cells, the replication of AIV H9N2 was suppressed in parallel to the activation of caspase-3 activation, which increased at the early stage of infection. We hypothesize that HAX-1 promotes AIV replication by interacting with PB1-F2, resulting in the suppression of apoptosis, prolonged cell survival, and enhancement of viral replication. Our data suggest that HAX-1 may be a promoting factor for AIV H9N2 replication through desensitizing PB1-F2 from its apoptotic induction in human lung epithelial cells.
The Cytoreductive Effect of Radiotherapy for Small Cell Ovarian Carcinoma of the Pulmonary Type: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Terada Shuhei , Suzuki Takashi , Hasegawa Akihiro , Nakayama Satoru , Adachi Hiroshi
Published: January 2018

Small cell ovarian carcinoma of the pulmonary type is a rare and highly aggressive tumor for which a suitable treatment strategy has not been established. A 45-year-old woman presented with abdominal swelling, and primary ovarian carcinoma was suspected. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was small cell ovarian carcinoma of the pulmonary type. She also had complicated grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma of the uterine corpus. Three courses of cisplatin and etoposide therapy were administered as adjuvant chemotherapy. Because the tumor was chemotherapy resistant, she underwent palliative abdominal irradiation at a dose of 26 Gy in 13 fractions, which induced cytoreduction and provided symptomatic relief. She died 4 months after surgery. Lactate dehydrogenase was a useful tumor marker during treatment. Here, we present an extremely rare case of a patient with small cell ovarian carcinoma of the pulmonary type treated with radiotherapy after surgery and chemotherapy.
Cloud/Fog Computing System Architecture and Key Technologies for South‐North Water Transfer Project Safety
Authors: Fan Yaoling , Zhu Qiliang , Liu Yang
Published: January 2018

In view of the real‐time and distributed features of Internet of Things (IoT) safety system in water conservancy engineering, this study proposed a new safety system architecture for water conservancy engineering based on cloud/fog computing and put forward a method of data reliability detection for the false alarm caused by false abnormal data from the bottom sensors. Designed for the South‐North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP), the architecture integrated project safety, water quality safety, and human safety. Using IoT devices, fog computing layer was constructed between cloud server and safety detection devices in water conservancy projects. Technologies such as real‐time sensing, intelligent processing, and information interconnection were developed. Therefore, accurate forecasting, accurate positioning, and efficient management were implemented as required by safety prevention of the SNWTP, and safety protection of water conservancy projects was effectively improved, and intelligential water conservancy engineering was developed.
A Case of Traumatic Brain Injury Presenting with Musical Hallucinations
Authors: Kobayashi Yasutaka
Published: January 2018

A 67-year-old woman was hospitalized for rehabilitation from the after effects of a traumatic brain injury. In addition to memory impairment, attention disorder, and executive dysfunction, she experienced musical hallucinations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral contusion in the bilateral temporal lobes and the left frontal lobe. Case reports of musical hallucinations caused by traumatic brain injury are extremely rare.
Utility of Routine Surveillance Imaging for Hodgkin Disease following Autologous Transplant: Experiences from a Single Institution
Authors: Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Clark Ashley Elizabeth , Roller John , Shune Leyla , Lin Tara , Dunavin Neil , Dias Ajoy , Ganguly Siddhartha , Abhyankar Sunil , McGuirk Joseph , Singh Anurag
Published: January 2018

Background: Surveillance scans performed after autologous stem cell transplant (auto-HCT) for patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) have no proven survival benefit. Methods: We studied survival differences among patients with HD after auto-HCT whose recurrences were detected on clinical history and exam, versus those detected on routine surveillance scan. Results: Among the 98 patients with HD that underwent auto-HCT from 2000 to 2014 at our institution, 30 relapsed, of which 21 were detected radiologically and 9 clinically. There were no statistically significant differences in patient characteristics between the 2 groups. The median time to progression was 118 days for the clinical cohort and 284 days for the radiological cohort (p = 0.05). Median overall survival (OS) was 728 days for the clinical cohort, and was not reached for the radiological cohort (p = 0.02). Discussion: In our review, most patients with HD after auto-HCT were diagnosed radiologically. Patients whose relapse was diagnosed clinically were likely to be detected earlier and have a shorter OS. Patients with aggressive disease may be detected when clinically relevant, regardless of scanning. Routine scanning may not be necessary in the majority of patients with HD following auto-HCT.
Successive Uveal Melanomas with Different Gene Expression Profiles in an Eye with Ocular Melanocytosis
Authors: Glaser Tanya , Thomas Akshay S. , Materin Miguel A.
Published: January 2018

Ocular melanocytosis portends a higher risk of uveal melanoma. Multifocal uveal melanoma has been described previously and has been associated with ocular melanocytosis. Historically, histopathology has been used to differentiate tumors; however, molecular profiling now allows for better prognostication and determination of metastatic risk. The present case describes a patient with ocular melanocytosis who developed two sequential uveal melanomas in the same eye separated by 4 years. The uveal melanoma-specific gene expression profile (GEP) testing for the first tumor was class 1A and the second tumor was class 2. While the first tumor had low metastatic risk, the second tumor had a higher risk of metastasis, demonstrating the importance of GEP testing in cases of multifocal disease.
Proinflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Decrease the Transport of Dopamine Precursor Tyrosine in Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Vumma Ravi , Johansson Jessica , Venizelos Nikolaos
Published: January 2018

Background: Proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress responses have been extensively implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders over the past 2 decades. Moreover, disturbed transport of the dopamine precursor (i.e., the amino acid tyrosine) has been demonstrated, in different studies, across fibroblast cell membranes obtained from neuropsychiatric patients. However, the role and influences of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, and the reasons for disturbed tyrosine transport in neuropsychiatric disorders, are still not evaluated. Aims: The present study aimed to assess the role of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, indicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders, in tyrosine transportation, by using human skin-derived fibroblasts. Methods: Fibroblasts obtained from a healthy control were used in this study. Fibroblasts were treated with proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α), their combinations, and oxidative stress, optimized for concentrations and incubation time, to analyze the uptake of 14C-tyrosine compared to untreated controls. Results and Conclusion: This study demonstrates that proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress decrease the transport of tyrosine (47% and 33%, respectively), which can alter dopamine synthesis. The functionality of the tyrosine transporter could be a new potential biomarker to target for discovering new drugs to counteract the effects of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Evaluation of the Usefulness of Virtual Chromoendoscopy with Different Color Modes in the MiroCam® System for Characterization of Small Bowel Lesions
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Joana , Pinho Rolando , Rodrigues Adélia , Ponte Ana , Rodrigues Jaime , Sousa Mafalda , Carvalho João
Published: January 2018

Background: Virtual chromoendoscopy (VC) in small bowel capsule endoscopy can improve the visualization and characterization of different small bowel lesions (SBLs). There are few studies of its usefulness in the Given® system, and there is no evidence yet of its utility in the MiroCam® system. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether VC can improve the characterization of SBLs with the MiroCam® system. Methods: Twenty-two patients were selected, in which 100 elementary lesions were identified, including erosions (n = 45), ulcers (n = 17), and angioectasias (n = 38). For each lesion identified, images were captured without chromoendoscopy (normal image [NI]) and with chromoendoscopy modes 1 (color mode [CM] 1), 2 (CM2), and 3 (CM3). A score from 1 to 4 was assigned to each image, in which a better evaluation of the characteristics and limits of the lesion was classified in ascending order, where 1 is the worst and 4 the best evaluation. The scores of the various modes were compared with Kendall's tau-c coefficient. Results: The average scores attributed to the photographs in NI, CM1, CM2, and CM3 were 3.83, 2.89, 1.85, and 1.43, respectively (tau-c = -0.75, p < 0.001). Evaluating the elementary lesions independently, the average scores for modes NI, CM1, CM2, and CM3 were 3.83, 2.92, 1.86, and 1.38 (tau-c = -0.77, p < 0.001) for erosions, respectively; 3.87, 2.96, 1.76, and 1.40 (tau-c = -0.80, p < 0.001) for ulcers, respectively; and 3.81, 2.82, 1.87, and 1.50 (tau-c = -0.71, p < 0.001) for angioectasias, respectively. Conclusions: VC using the CMs available in the MiroCam® system has not proven useful for a better assessment of any of the SBLs.