bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Cooperative Control and Stability of Variable Refrigerant Flow Refrigeration System
Authors: Cheng Zheming , Zhang Jiani , Tao Leren , Chen Jianhong , Zheng Zhigao , Huang Lihao
Published: October 2024

Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) refrigeration systems use variable flow regulation technology to better match the system load. But the frequency of the compressor and the opening of the electronic expansion valve (EV) directly affect the system's stability and performance. To study cooperative control and stability of performance parameters (superheat, refrigeration capacity, and coefficient of performance (COP)), a small variable frequency rolling rotor refrigeration system of R32 was set up. Experimental research on the stability of the system performances was studied with the effect of superheat, then collaborative control of the fitting model was established. The test campaign was carried out on the R32 variable refrigerant flow refrigeration system with a cooling capacity of 5 kW, compressor frequencies from 40 Hz to 60 Hz, pressure ratio from 2.93 to 3.2, and expansion valve opening from 20% to 80%. Results showed that (1) with the increase of refrigerant mass flow, the system came into the unstable oscillation range of the minimal stable signal (MSS) line, and then the system performances (e.g., superheat) started to oscillate. So, the superheated vapor flow and mist flow alternated, which led to the change of the heat transfer mechanism. (2) There was one inflection point (minimum stable superheat point) for the refrigeration capacity at the certain superheat for the different compressor frequencies. When superheat was near the minimum stable point, it was the best choice to balance refrigeration capacity (or coefficient of performance) and the control difficulty. (3) When the compressor frequency was from 40 Hz to 60 Hz under constant pressure ratio, the increase of the compressor frequency had a more direct impact on the compressor power consumption compared with refrigeration capacity. Therefore, there was a negative correlation between the COP and compressor frequency. (4) When the expansion valve opening was between 28% and 32% and the compressor frequency was from 44.5 Hz to 46.5 Hz, it was more difficult to control superheat. The relationship between the compressor frequency and the EV opening could reduce the phenomenon of overshoot or hysteresis. And, the system could reach a stable state quickly with the method of the synchronous control.
Film-Cooling Performance Comparison of Blade Tips With a Trailing Edge, Pressure Side Cutback, or a Suction Side Squealer in a Transonic Linear Cascade
Authors: Yeh Ming-Feng , Burdett Timothy A. , Wright Lesley M. , Han Je-Chin
Published: October 2024

Film-cooling effectiveness and leakage flow play crucial roles in turbine blade heat transfer. In contrast to the conventional trailing edge cutback squealer blade tip (CB tip), this study aims to compare the film-cooling effectiveness of a suction side squealer tip (SS tip) under different blowing ratios and density ratios. This experiment is conducted in a three-blade cascade wind tunnel under transonic conditions. While applying the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique for film-cooling effectiveness measurements, both top-view and side-view perspectives were employed to illustrate the distribution of local cooling effectiveness across various regions of the blade. Furthermore, PSP can be used to estimate the leakage flow across the blade tip by analyzing the local static pressure distribution. For the CB tip, the film-cooling effectiveness within the cavity increases as both the blowing ratio and density ratio increase. The PSP technique clearly captures the accumulation of coolant within the cavity and the coolant discharge near the trailing edge in the vicinity of the squealer cutback. When the blade tip is outfitted with only a suction side squealer, the film-cooling effectiveness on the blade tip is comparable to that of the full squealer with the trailing edge cutback. This similarity is achieved as the CB tip design requires 14–20% more coolant to achieve the same blowing ratios as the SS tip. The advantage of the SS tip is further demonstrated as leakage flow across the tip is reduced compared to the CB tip.
Ultrasound for breast cancer detection: A bibliometric analysis of global trends between 2004 and 2024
Authors: Sun Ya-Yu , Shi Xiao-Tong , Xu Li-Long
Published: October 2024

With the advancement of computer technology and imaging equipment, ultrasound has emerged as a crucial tool in breast cancer diagnosis. To gain deeper insights into the research landscape of ultrasound in breast cancer diagnosis, this study employed bibliometric methods for a comprehensive analysis spanning from 2004 to 2024, analyzing 3523 articles from 2176 institutions in 82 countries/regions. Over this period, publications on ultrasound diagnosis of breast cancer showed a fluctuating growth trend from 2004 to 2024. Notably, China, Seoul National University and Kim EK emerged as leading contributors in ultrasound for breast cancer detection, with the most published and cited journals being Ultrasound Med Biol and Radiology. The research spots in this area included “breast lesion”, “dense breast” and “breast-conserving surgery”, while “machine learning”, “ultrasonic imaging”, “convolutional neural network”, “case report”, “pathological complete response”, “deep learning”, “artificial intelligence” and “classification” are anticipated to become future research frontiers. This groundbreaking bibliometric analysis and visualization of ultrasonic breast cancer diagnosis publications offer clinical medical professionals a reliable research focus and direction.
Advancements and challenges in Shear-Wave Elastography of tendons: a comprehensive review
Authors: Pelea Michael-Andrei , Șerban Oana , Bădărînză Maria , Fodor Daniela
Published: October 2024

Shear-Wave Elastography (SWE) has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging technique for assessing the mechanical properties of tendons, particularly larger and more superficially located tendons of the body. Despite its potential, significant variability in SWE measurements exists due to differences in protocols, positioning, and equipment. Standardizing these factors, enhancing operator training, and reporting reliability metrics are crucial to improve the consistency and comparability of SWE data. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge and report on the existing practices in tendon SWE. By addressing the current challenges and variability, SWE has the potential to become a reliable tool for diagnosing and monitoring tendon pathologies, ultimately enhancing patient care and outcomes.
Wideband off-grid direction-of-arrival estimation based on the improved finite rate of innovation method
Authors: Wang Xin , Guo Longxiang , Sun Hui
Published: October 2024

Off-grid direction-of-arrival estimation is a crucial research area in multi-sensor array signal processing to achieve accurate estimation in a finite sparse grid. However, current off-grid estimation methods primarily focus on narrowband processing, which may not be suitable for practical passive estimation scenarios where the targets of interest are wideband signals with various steering vectors and varying signal-to-noise ratios across frequency bins. First, we propose an improved weighting-based wideband joint finite rate of innovation algorithm to address this limitation. This algorithm extends the narrowband approach by approximating the wideband array data as multiple observations at the difference frequency using extended frequency difference weighting. Additionally, we propose an estimation method under non-ideal weighting conditions to mitigate bias caused by deviations in initial weight values through linear fitting of multiple estimation results obtained on a sparse grid. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods by providing more accurate estimates and lower computational complexity for wideband off-grid multi-targets at low signal-to-noise ratio while unrestricted by grid limitations. Furthermore, experimental data collected from the South China Sea validate our proposed algorithm's effectiveness and superior performance for direction-of-arrival estimation of wideband off-grid targets.
Linear-acoustic effects of asymmetrical undercutting of toneholes of woodwind instruments
Authors: Gerasimov Roman
Published: October 2024

The influence of the presence and magnitude of asymmetrical undercutting of the toneholes of woodwind instruments on the change in their effective radius and the corresponding shift of the eigenfrequencies of the air duct is considered. Within the framework of the electro-acoustic analogy, a tonehole with an asymmetrical undercutting along the axis of the main bore is presented as a cascade connection of two holes with different radii (undercutting and not undercutting parts of the hole), and with a sideway undercutting—in the form of a parallel connection. Formulas for numerical calculations are given that make it possible to determine the effective radius of such holes for the open state in the low-frequency approximation. Based on the obtained dependencies, using the transmission-matrix method, the eigenfrequencies of an air duct with one hole were calculated and compared with the results of computer modeling in the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 program. It is shown that increasing the degree and angle of undercutting leads to an increase in the effective radius, a displacement of the “center of gravity” of the sound hole along the main bore axis, and has effect on the shift of resonant frequency.
Variational benchmarks for quantum many-body problems
Authors: Wu Dian , Rossi Riccardo , Vicentini Filippo , Astrakhantsev Nikita , Becca Federico , Cao Xiaodong , Carrasquilla Juan , Ferrari Francesco , Georges Antoine , Hibat-Allah Mohamed , Imada Masatoshi , Läuchli Andreas M. , Mazzola Guglielmo , Mezzacapo Antonio , Millis Andrew , Robledo Moreno Javier , Neupert Titus , Nomura Yusuke , Nys Jannes , Parcollet Olivier , Pohle Rico , Romero Imelda , Schmid Michael , Silvester J. Maxwell , Sorella Sandro , Tocchio Luca F. , Wang Lei , White Steven R. , Wietek Alexander , Yang Qi , Yang Yiqi , Zhang Shiwei , Carleo Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

The continued development of computational approaches to many-body ground-state problems in physics and chemistry calls for a consistent way to assess its overall progress. In this work, we introduce a metric of variational accuracy, the V-score, obtained from the variational energy and its variance. We provide an extensive curated dataset of variational calculations of many-body quantum systems, identifying cases where state-of-the-art numerical approaches show limited accuracy and future algorithms or computational platforms, such as quantum computing, could provide improved accuracy. The V-score can be used as a metric to assess the progress of quantum variational methods toward a quantum advantage for ground-state problems, especially in regimes where classical verifiability is impossible.
Consumer biodiversity increases organic nutrient availability across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Shipley J. Ryan , Oester Rebecca , Mathieu-Resuge Margaux , Parmar Tarn Preet , Kowarik Carmen , Ilíć Maja , Kainz Martin J. , Martin-Creuzburg Dominik , Obrist Martin K. , Graham Catherine H. , Gossner Martin M. , Matthews Blake , Twining Cornelia W.
Published: October 2024

Human land-use intensification threatens arthropod (for example, insect and spider) biodiversity across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Insects and spiders play critical roles in ecosystems by accumulating and synthesizing organic nutrients such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, links between biodiversity and nutrient content of insect and spider communities have yet to be quantified. We relate insect and spider richness to biomass and PUFA-mass from stream and terrestrial communities encompassing nine land uses. PUFA-mass and biomass relate positively to biodiversity across ecosystems. In terrestrial systems, human-dominated areas have lower biomass and PUFA-mass than more natural areas, even at equivalent levels of richness. Aquatic ecosystems have consistently higher PUFA-mass than terrestrial ecosystems. Our findings reinforce the importance of conserving biodiversity and highlight the distinctive benefits of aquatic biodiversity.
In Other Journals
Authors: Smith Jesse , Simonti Corinne , Stern Peter , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Walia Ankit , Osborne Ian S. , Grocholski Brent
Published: October 2024

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Integrative genomic, virulence, and transcriptomic analysis of emergent
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subspecies
equisimilis
(SDSE)
emm
type
stG62647
isolates causing human infections
Authors: Eraso Jesus M. , Olsen Randall J. , Long S. Wesley , Gadd Ryan , Boukthir Sarrah , Faili Ahmad , Kayal Samer , Musser James M.
Published: October 2024

Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subspecies
equisimilis
(SDSE) is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that infects humans and is closely related to group A streptococcus (GAS). Compared with GAS, far less is known about SDSE pathobiology. Increased rates of invasive SDSE infections have recently been reported in many countries. One SDSE
emm
type (
stG62647
) is known to cause severe diseases, including necrotizing soft-tissue infections, endocarditis, and osteoarticular infections. To increase our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of
stG62647
SDSE isolates causing human infections, we sequenced to closure the genomes of 120
stG62647
SDSE isolates. The genomes varied in size from 2.1 to 2.24 Mb pairs. The great majority of
stG62647
isolates had
IS1548
integrated into the
silB
gene, thereby inactivating it. Regions of difference, such as mobile genetic elements, were the largest source of genomic diversity. All 120
stG62647
isolates were assayed for virulence using a well-established mouse model of necrotizing myositis. An unexpectedly wide range of virulence was identified (20% to 95%), as assessed by near-mortality data. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence differences, we analyzed RNAseq transcriptome profiles for 38
stG62647
isolates (comprising the 19 least and most virulent) grown
in vitro
. Genetic polymorphisms were identified from whole-genome sequence data. Collectively, the results suggest that these SDSE isolates use multiple genetic pathways to alter virulence phenotype. The data also suggest that human genetics and underlying medical conditions contribute to disease severity. Our study integrates genomic, mouse virulence, and RNAseq data to advance our understanding of SDSE pathobiology and its molecular pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE

This study integrated genomic sequencing, mouse virulence assays, and bacterial transcriptomic analysis to advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subsp.
equisimilis emm
type
stG62647
pathogenesis. We tested a large cohort of genetically closely related
stG62647
isolates for virulence using an established mouse model of necrotizing myositis and discovered a broad spectrum of virulence phenotypes, with near-mortality rates ranging from 20% to 95%. This variation was unexpected, given their close genetic proximity. Transcriptome analysis of
stG62647
isolates responsible for the lowest and highest near-mortality rates suggested that these isolates used multiple molecular pathways to alter their virulence. In addition, some genes encoding transcriptional regulators and putative virulence factors likely contribute to SDSE
emm
type
stG62647
pathogenesis. These data underscore the complexity of pathogen–host interactions in an emerging SDSE clonal group.
Burden of postmenopausal breast cancer attributable to excess body weight: comparative study of body mass index and CUN-BAE in MCC-Spain study
Authors: Cubelos-Fernández Naiara , Dávila-Batista Verónica , Fernández-Villa Tania , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Perez-Gomez Beatriz , Amiano Pilar , Ardanaz Eva , Delgado Sillero Irene , Llorca Javier , Tardón Guillermo Fernández , Alguacil Juan , Vanaclocha Espí Mercedes , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Moreno Víctor , Aragones Nuria , Dorronsoro Ane , Guevara Marcela , Reguero Celada Sofía , Pollan Marina , Kogevinas Manolis , Martín Vicente
Published: October 2024

Background

10% of postmenopausal breast cancer cases are attributed to a high body mass index (BMI). BMI underestimates body fat, particularly in older women, and therefore the cancer burden attributable to obesity may be even higher. However, this is not clear. CUN-BAE (Clínica Universidad de Navarra–Body Adiposity Estimator) is an accurate validated estimator of body fat, taking into account sex and age. The objective of this study was to compare the burden of postmenopausal breast cancer attributable to excess body fat calculated using BMI and CUN-BAE.

Methods

This case–control study included 1033 cases of breast cancer and 1143 postmenopausal population controls from the multicase–control MCC-Spain study. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs). The population attributable fraction (PAF) of excess weight related to breast cancer was estimated with both anthropometric measures. Stratified analyses were carried out for hormone receptor type.

Results

Excess body weight attributable to the risk of breast cancer was 23.0% when assessed using a BMI value ≥30 kg/m2and 38.0% when assessed using a CUN-BAE value of ≥40% body fat. Hormone receptor stratification showed that these differences in PAFs were only observed in hormone receptor positive cases, with an estimated burden of 19.9% for BMI and 41.9% for CUN-BAE.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the significance of excess body fat in postmenopausal hormone receptor positive breast cancer could be underestimated when assessed using only BMI. Accurate estimation of the cancer burden attributable to obesity is crucial for planning effective prevention initiatives.
Risk of opioid-related harms by occupation within a large cohort of formerly injured workers in Ontario, Canada: findings from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System
Authors: Carnide Nancy , Sritharan Jeavana , Song Chaojie , Kooshki Fateme , Demers Paul A
Published: October 2024

Objective

Working-age individuals have been disproportionately affected by the opioid crisis, prompting interest in the potential role of occupation as a contributor. This study aimed to estimate the risk of opioid-related poisonings and mental and behavioural disorders by occupation and industry within a cohort of 1.7 million formerly injured workers.

Methods

Workers were identified in the Occupational Disease Surveillance System, a system linking workers’ compensation data (1983–2019) to emergency department and hospitalisation records (2006–2020) in Ontario, Canada. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for hospital encounters for opioid-related poisonings and mental and behavioural disorders by occupation and industry compared with all other workers, adjusted for age, sex and birth year.

Results

In total, 13 702 opioid-related poisoning (p) events (n=10 064 workers) and 19 629 opioid-related mental and behavioural (mb) disorder events (n=11 755 workers) were observed. Elevated risks were identified among workers in forestry and logging (HRp=1.45, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.94; HRmb=1.70, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.16); processing (minerals, metals, clay, chemical) (HRp=1.27, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.42; HRmb=1.26, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.39); processing (food, wood, textile) (HRp=1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24; HRmb=1.19, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.31); machining (HRp=1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21; HRmb=1.17, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.25); construction trades (HRp=1.57, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.67; HRmb=1.59, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.68); materials handling (HRp=1.32, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.43; HRmb=1.22, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.31); mining and quarrying (HRmb=1.68, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.11); and transport equipment operating occupations (HRp=1.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.27). Elevated risks were observed among select workers in service, sales, clerical and health. Findings by industry were similar.

Conclusions

Results provide additional evidence that opioid-related harms cluster among certain occupational groups. Findings can be used to strategically target prevention and harm reduction activities in the workplace.
Effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabis plant derivative, against Candida albicans growth and biofilm formation
Authors: Bahraminia Maryam , Cui Shujun , Zhang Ze , Semlali Abdelhabib , Le Roux Étienne , Giroux Kelly-Anne , Lajoie Camille , Béland François , Rouabhia Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

Fungal resistance to available antifungal molecules has emerged as a significant and continued threat. Several plants, including cannabis, have promising antimicrobial activities, potentially including those against C andida albicans. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activities of cannabidiol (CBD) against C. albicans. Yeast cells were treated once or twice with different concentrations (from 0 to 20 µg/mL) of CBD, showing a significant ( p < 0.05) decrease of the growth of C. albicans, with cell concentrations ranging from 5.1 × 106 cells/mL in the control to 1.8 × 106 cells/mL after one exposure to 20 µg/mL CBD. This growth reduction was greater after two exposures to CBD. After two exposures to 20 µg/mL CBD, the cell concentration was only 1.1 × 106 cells/mL. Such a growth decrease in C. albicans was confirmed by a reduced number of colony forming units and a lower MTT value compared to the control. The growth inhibition was supported by a significant ( p < 0.001) decrease in the yeast-to-hyphae transition, ranging from 20 ± 0.2% in the control to 2 ± 0.5% after exposure to 20 µg/mL CBD. Biofilm formation was also significantly reduced following CBD exposure. CBD at 10 and 20 µg/mL promoted the death of C. albicans through an apoptosis/necrotic pathway. Altogether, our results suggest the possible use of CBD, a cannabis derivative, to control C. albicans infection, including oral candidiasis.

Highlights

Cannabidiol (CBD) decreases the growth of C. albicans. CBD inhibits the yeast-to-hyphae transition. CBD reduces biofilm formation by C. albicans. CBD induces C. albicans death through necrosis.
Horizon fluxes of binary black holes in eccentric orbits
Authors: Datta Sayak
Published: October 2024

We compute the rate of change of mass and angular momentum of a black hole, namely tidal heating, in an eccentric orbit. The change is caused due to the tidal field of the orbiting companion. We compute the result for both the spinning and non-spinning black holes in the leading order of the mean motion, namely $$\xi $$
ξ
. We demonstrate that the rates get enhanced significantly for nonzero eccentricity. Since eccentricity in a binary evolves with time we also express the results in terms of an initial eccentricity and azimuthal frequency $$\xi _{\phi }$$

ξ
ϕ

. In the process, we developed a prescription that can be used to compute all physical quantities in a series expansion of initial eccentricity, $$e_0$$

e
0

. These results are computed taking account of the spin of the binary components. The prescription can be used to compute very high-order corrections of initial eccentricity. We use it to find the contribution to eccentricity up to $${\mathcal {O}}(e_0^5)$$

O
(

e
0
5

)

in the spinning binary. Using the computed expression of eccentricity, we derived the rate of change of mass and angular momentum of a black hole, both rotating and non-rotating, in terms of initial eccentricity and azimuthal frequency up to $${\mathcal {O}}(e_0^6)$$

O
(

e
0
6

)

. With the computed fluxes we also compute for the first time the leading order dephasing in both cases analytically up to $${\mathcal {O}}(e_0^6)$$

O
(

e
0
6

)

and study its impact. We argue that for high signal-to-noise ratio sources, these contributions require inclusion in the waveform modeling.
Imprints of Barrow–Tsallis cosmology in primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Jizba P. , Lambiase G. , Luciano G. G. , Mastrototaro L.
Published: October 2024

Both the Barrow and Tsallis $$\delta $$
δ
entropies are one-parameter generalizations of the black-hole entropy, with the same microcanonical functional form. The ensuing deformation is quantified by a dimensionless parameter $$\Delta $$
Δ
, which in the case of Barrow entropy represents the anomalous dimension caused by quantum fluctuations over the horizon surface, while in Tsallis’ case, it describes the deviation of the holographic scaling from extensivity. Here, we utilize the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture with the Barrow–Tsallis entropy to investigate the implications of the related modified Friedmann equations on the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves. We show that, with the experimental sensitivity of the next generation of gravitational wave detectors, such as the Big Bang Observer, it will be possible to discriminate deviations from the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model up to $$\Delta \lesssim \mathcal {O}(10^{-3})$$

Δ
≲
O
(

10

-
3

)

. In this limit, Barrow–Tsallis entropy reduces to a logarithmic correction to holographic scaling, which is nearly universally predicted by both entanglement entropy calculations in the UV regime and by several candidate theories of quantum gravity. Hence, our considerations and results are expected to have general validity in the quantum gravity framework.
Generalized Fayet–Iliopoulos D-terms in supergravity and inflation driven by supersymmetry breaking
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Chatrabhuti Auttakit , Isono Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Lars Bink, a close friend of IA, one of the pioneers of supergravity and string theory and a physics promoter over the world and particularly in the developing countries.

We review recent developments on generalized Fayet–Iliopoulos D-terms in four-dimensional supergravity and discuss their applications to natural models of inflation driven by supersymmetry breaking with the superpartner of the goldstino (sgoldstino) playing the role of the inflaton.
Antiquity, dark ages and renaissance of light-front higher spin theory
Authors: Bengtsson Anders K. H.
Published: October 2024

These notes contain — apart from some physics — scattered reminiscences of everyday life at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Göteborg in the early eighties. The text has been in the making for many years. Some of it was written inspired by the Lars Brink 70-fest at The Solvay Institute in Brussels in 2014, but was never finished or published. Parts of the old text have now been replaced by a review of the quite unexpected recent renaissance for light-front higher spin theory. Lars sadly did not live to experience more than the very beginnings of this quite remarkable development.
Lars Brink and SIC-POVMs
Authors: Bengtsson Ingemar
Published: October 2024

The notion of SIC-POVMs comes from quantum theory, and they were not on the horizon when I was Lars Brink’s student in the early 1980s. In the summer of 2022, I told Lars that I know how to use number theoretical insights to construct SIC-POVMs in any Hilbert space of dimension [Formula: see text], and that the construction provides a geometric setting for some deep number theoretical conjectures. I will give a sketch of this development, of what it was like to be Lars’ student, and of what his reaction to our construction was.
Corvino–Schoen theorem and supertranslations at spatial infinity
Authors: Henneaux Marc
Published: October 2024

It is shown how the gluing theorem due to Corvino and Shoen can be naturally extended to accommodate supertranslations at spatial infinity. Logarithmic supertranslations play an interesting role in the construction.
Low-mass neutron star nucleosynthesis — stripping scenario
Authors: Ignatovskiy A. Yu. , Panov I. V. , Yudin A. V.
Published: October 2024

This paper examines nucleosynthesis in a low-mass neutron star crust that loses mass due to accretion in a close binary system and reaching a hydrodynamically unstable configuration explodes. The r-process proceeds mainly in the inner crust. Nucleosynthesis in the outer crust is an explosive process with a sharp increase in temperature caused by an outward-propagating shockwave. The number of heavy elements produced in a low-mass neutron star crust during the explosion is approximately 0.041 [Formula: see text], which exceeds the number of heavy elements ejected as jets in the neutron star merger scenario.
Neutrinos from pre-supernova: Effects of nuclear temperature on luminosities and spectra
Authors: Dzhioev Alan A. , Yudin A. V. , Dunina-Barkovskaya N. V. , Vdovin A. I.
Published: October 2024

Accurate estimates of (anti)neutrino spectra and luminosities are needed to determine the possibility of pre-supernova neutrino detection. Using the recently proposed thermal quasiparticle random-phase approximation (TQRPA) method, we have studied thermal effects on the spectra and luminosities of (anti)neutrinos emitted in nuclear weak-interaction processes under pre-supernova conditions. We show that a thermodynamically consistent consideration of Gamow–Teller transitions in hot nuclei increases the energy luminosity and results in larger average (anti)neutrino energies.
Central extensions of restricted Lie superalgebras and classification of p-nilpotent Lie superalgebras in dimension 4
Authors: Bouarroudj Sofiane , Ehret Quentin
Published: October 2024

The first main result of this paper is to build the first and second restricted cohomology groups for restricted Lie superalgebras in characteristic [Formula: see text], modifying a construction by Yuan, Chen and Cao. We will explain how these groups capture some algebraic structures, such as extensions and derivations. Further, we apply this construction to classify [Formula: see text]-nilpotent restricted Lie superalgebras up to dimension [Formula: see text] over an algebraically closed field of characteristic [Formula: see text].
Mahler-type theorem and non-collapsed limits of sub-Riemannian compact Heisenberg manifolds
Authors: Tashiro Kenshiro
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study a non-collapsed Gromov–Hausdorff limit of a sequence of compact Heisenberg manifolds with sub-Riemannian metrics. In the case of strictly sub-Riemannian case, we show that if a sequence has an upper bound of the diameter and a lower bound of Popp’s measure, then it has a convergent subsequence in the Gromov–Hausdorff topology, and the limit is isometric to a compact Heisenberg manifold of the same dimension. The same conclusion is also shown for Riemannian case with the additional assumption on Ricci curvature lower bounds.
The geometry of the centre symmetry set of a planar curve
Authors: Miller Dominika , Zwierzyński Michał
Published: October 2024

The Centre Symmetry Set of a planar curve [Formula: see text] is the envelope of affine chords of [Formula: see text], i.e. the lines joining points on [Formula: see text] with parallel tangent lines. In this paper, we study global geometrical properties of this set including the number of singularities and the number of asymptotes.
The extremal spectral radius of outerplanar graphs without Ck
Authors: Sun Yuan-Zheng-Fang , Wang Wen-Huan , Shi Huan-Lei
Published: October 2024

An outerplanar graph is a graph which can be embedded in the plane so that all vertices are on one face, say the outer face. Let [Formula: see text] be a cycle of length [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. Among the set of outerplanar graphs on [Formula: see text] vertices without [Formula: see text], we first obtain that the extremal graph having the maximum spectral radius contains a subgraph [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and then we deduce the unique extremal graph having the maximum spectral radius for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the star with [Formula: see text] vertices. Furthermore, for [Formula: see text], among the set of outerplanar graphs without [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] vertices, we get that the star [Formula: see text] is the unique extremal graph having the maximum spectral radius.
ConfusionLens: Focus+Context Visualization Interface for Performance Analysis of Multiclass Image Classifiers
Authors: Fujita Kazuyuki , Uwaseki Keito , Bu Hongyu , Takashima Kazuki , Kitamura Yoshifumi
Published: October 2024

Building higher-quality image classification models requires better performance analysis (PA) to help understand their behaviors. We propose ConfusionLens, a dynamic and interactive visualization interface that augments a conventional confusion matrix with focus+context visualization. This interface allows users to seamlessly switch table layouts among three views (overall view, class-level view, and between-class view) while observing all of the instance images in a single screen. We designed and implemented a ConfusionLens prototype that supports hundreds of instances, and then conducted a user study (N

\(=\)

14) to evaluate it compared to the conventional confusion matrix with a split view of instances. Results show that ConfusionLens achieved faster task-completion time in observing instance-level performance and higher accuracy in observing between-class confusion. Moreover, we conducted an expert interview (N

\(=\)

6) to investigate the applicability of our interface to practical PA tasks, and then implemented several extensions of ConfusionLens based on the feedback. Feedback on these extensions from users experienced in image classification (N

\(=\)

5) demonstrated their general usefulness and highlighted their beneficial use in PA tasks.
Security and Reliability of Internet of Underwater Things: Architecture, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Jiang Bin , Feng Jiacheng , Cui Xuerong , Wang Jian , Liu Yongxin , Song Houbing
Published: October 2024

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) pertains to a system that utilizes technology of Internet of Things (IoT) for data collection, communication, and control in the underwater environment. The monitoring and management of various parameters in the underwater domain are gathered through the deployment of underwater sensors, communication devices, and controllers. It is crucial in emerging ocean engineering. However, due to the instability of the underwater environment and the particularity of the underwater communication transmission medium, it is vulnerable to security threats, which may damage the system or cause data errors. In this survey, we will discuss the challenges, solutions, and future directions of IoUT from security and reliability, respectively. To ensure the normal operation of IoUT, we analyze the underwater security problems and solutions of the IoUT. Then, we discuss the reliability issue and improved strategies of IoUT system in detail. Finally, we come up with our views about the theories, challenges, and future prospects of IoUT security after the comparative analysis.
Translational Relevance and Future Integration of the Oncopig Cancer Model in Preclinical Applications
Authors: Elkhadragy Lobna , Gaba Ron C. , Niemeyer Matthew M. , Schook Lawrence B. , Schachtschneider Kyle M.
Published: October 2024

Porcine cancer models offer a valuable platform for evaluating interventions such as devices, surgeries, and locoregional therapies, which are often challenging to test in mouse models. In addition to size and anatomical similarities with humans, pigs share greater similarities in genetics, immunity, drug metabolism, and metabolic rate with humans as compared to mouse models, increasing their translational relevance. This review focuses on the Oncopig Cancer Model, a genetically engineered porcine model designed to recapitulate human cancer. Harboring a transgenic cassette that expresses oncogenic mutant KRAS and TP53 under control of a Cre-Lox system, the Oncopig allows temporal and spatial control of tumor induction. Its versatility has enabled the development of diverse cancer models including liver, pancreatic, lung, and bladder cancer. Serving as a clinically relevant model for human cancer, the Oncopig addresses unmet clinical needs and holds immense promise for advancing preclinical cancer research and therapeutic development.
Judgment by Peers: Lay Participation in Legal Decision Making
Authors: Hans Valerie P. , Diamond Shari Seidman , Kutnjak Ivković Sanja , Marder Nancy S.
Published: October 2024

Almost two-thirds of countries worldwide rely on laypersons as legal decision makers in criminal cases, and a substantial number use laypersons to resolve civil disputes. Laypersons participate as jurors, lay judges, lay magistrates, and members of lay courts. Their participation enhances fact-finding by incorporating community views and values into legal decision making. Lay participation can also increase the transparency and legitimacy of law and the courts and promote democracy. As a result, some countries have adopted lay participation in recent decades. Yet, concerns about competence and bias have led other countries to circumscribe or abolish their systems of lay participation. This review describes the different roles that laypersons play as legal decision makers and the work that they do. It also describes the competing trends to expand or limit lay participation in legal decision making. After summarizing the research evidence, this article concludes that there is much value in judgment by peers.
What Does It Mean to Be an Ethical Lawyer? The Importance of Context
Authors: Mather Lynn , Levin Leslie C.
Published: October 2024

Although the entire legal profession shares a single ethical code, lawyers’ understanding of what it means to be “ethical” shows considerable variation. This article discusses the factors that shape lawyers’ ethical conduct in practice. We review the role of legal education, bar associations, the workplace, and hard and soft regulators in the construction of lawyers’ ethical values. We then explore the important role that practice contexts play in shaping lawyers’ understanding of appropriate ethical conduct. Some of the key explanatory factors for differences among lawyers include type of client, office size, specialty and specialization, regulators, and the extent to which lawyers engage in litigation. We then anticipate new ethical challenges for lawyers created by market pressures and other factors and identify questions for future research.
The Military Turn in Comparative Constitutional Law: Constitutions and the Military in Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Crouch Melissa
Published: October 2024

Studies of constitutions in authoritarian regimes reveal a new finding hiding in plain sight: that the military is often a key constitutional actor. The question of how the military uses law and constitutions to enable and facilitate its influence in constitution making and constitutional practice is under-researched. The military demands scholarly attention because of the unprecedented opportunities for the military in governance due to the rise of populism and the decline of democracy, internal conflict, efforts at counter-terrorism and anti-trafficking, and the COVID-19 global pandemic. I review the literature across law and the social sciences on the constitution and the military in authoritarian regimes. In doing so, I demonstrate that the military is an important, yet overlooked, constitutional actor; that civilian control of the military by law is never absolute but a matter of degree and changes over time; and that histories of military rule and military use of law and constitutions matter.
TAE‐RWP: Traceable Adversarial Examples With Recoverable Warping Perturbation
Authors: Xing Fan , Zhou Xiaoyi , Peng Hongli , Fan Xuefeng , Han Wenbao , Zhang Yuqing
Published: October 2024

Reversible adversarial example (RAE) is an effective cutting‐edge technology for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of datasets. However, existing RAE schemes primarily focus on the adversarial and restoration capabilities of adversarial examples (AE), with little attention paid to traceability, which is crucial for IP protection. This oversight leads to the inability to prevent authorized users from redistributing data, thereby posing significant IP security risks. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach named TAE‐RWP, wherein adversarial perturbations in AEs are treated as tools for IP verification. To enable the traceability of AEs, we introduce varying degrees of warping to the adversarial perturbations within the AEs of authorized users, utilizing the warping degree as a traceable feature. To further strengthen traceability, we adopt a technique named “random warping” to maintain the resilience of adversarial perturbations against distortions, and employ a strategy named “noise mode” to improve the verification model’s capacity to recognize distortion features. Experimental results indicate that AEs generated by TAE‐RWP exhibit remarkable adversarial strength and restoration abilities, while the verification model demonstrates excellence in recognizing distortion features.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis and Pneumoperitoneum After Lung Transplantation: Single‐Center Experience and Systematic Review
Authors: Kagawa Hiroshi , Furukawa Masashi , Chan Ernest G. , Morrell Matthew , Sanchez Pablo G.
Published: October 2024

Background: Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and pneumoperitoneum are some of the complications after lung transplantation (LT). But only limited reports are published. The purpose of this study is to review our experience and perform a systematic review to discuss the possible causes, risk factors, and management.

Methods: We reviewed the characteristics, management, and outcome of the patients who developed PI or pneumoperitoneum after LT in our institution from 2013 to 2022. We also performed a systematic review to discuss the management and outcome.

Results: PI and pneumoperitoneum were found in 15 out of 729 patients (2.06%) in our institution. We also found 50 patients in the systematic review. Tracheostomy was performed in 40% and gastrointestinal procedures were performed in 55.6%. Laparotomy was performed in 23.4%. A total of 44.6% of patients had benign physical exams or no symptoms. Rejection was seen in 42.9%. A total of 28.6% of patients died during follow‐up periods.

Conclusions: This report has the largest number of patients so far with PI and pneumoperitoneum after LT. These conditions have a high rejection and high mortality rate. Mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, gastrointestinal procedure, CMV infection, Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection, and immunosuppression can be the risk factors, and the management includes laparotomy or conservative management. It is generally recommended to proceed with laparotomy if patients have portal venous gas, elevated white blood cell count, elevated lactic acid level, decreased bicarbonate level, elevated amylase level, metabolic acidosis, abdominal tenderness, or abdominal distension. Otherwise, most of the patients recover with conservative management with nil per os (NPO), metronidazole, ganciclovir, antibiotics, high‐flow oxygen, and holding mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).
Supplementary Table S3 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2024

Risk effects of MAGI3 variants
Supplementary Table S1 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2024

Comparison of the SJLIFE and CCSS cohorts
Supplementary Figure S6 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2024

Workflow for building custom groups
Supplementary Figure S4 from Blocking Tryptophan Catabolism Reduces Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Invasive Capacity
Authors: Kuo Li-Wei , Crump Lyndsey S. , O’Neill Kathleen , Williams Michelle M. , Christenson Jessica L. , Spoelstra Nicole S. , Roy Micaela Kalani , Argabright Amy , Reisz Julie A. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Boorgula Meher P. , Goodspeed Andrew , Bickerdike Mike , Bitler Benjamin G. , Richer Jennifer K.
Published: October 2024

Compound AT-0174 decreased secreted KYN in TDO2 overexpression (OE) cells.
Pyrolysis of biomass mixture of coconut fiber and rice husk waste with polypropylene plastic
Authors: Mardikatama Bagas Cahya , Wijayanto Danar Susilo , Saputra Taufik Wisnu
Published: October 2024

This research aims to evaluate the effect of the composition ratio of oil from coconut fiber waste biomass and rice husks as well as polypropylene (PP) plastic which is not optimally utilized and can be used as an alternative fuel processed through the pyrolysis process. This research was conducted by mixing biomass of coconut fiber and rice husk with PP plastic in the form of refuse-derived fuel (RDF)-3 with compositional variations of 100:0%, 75:25%, 50:50%, 75:25%, and 0:100% for 60 minutes. The pyrolysis product in the form of oil was then distilled to separate the compounds contained in it and produce pure oil. Next, quantity (volume of pyrolysis oil and distilled oil) and quality (yield, density, viscosity, visual, and color) tests were carried out. The results of the study showed that there is an influence of the variation in the composition ratio of the mixture of biomass of coconut fiber and rice husk and PP plastic on its quantity and quality. The highest quantity was obtained from the 100% PP ratio and the best quality was obtained from the 100% PP ratio, which leads to the specifications of solar fuel oil.
Evaluation of the time-of-use tariff responsiveness for plug-in electric vehicle home charging in Malaysia
Authors: Baharin Nurliyana , Sulaima Mohamad Fani , Dahlan Nofri Yenita , Mokhlis Hazlie
Published: October 2024

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVS) have become increasingly popular as a viable transportation option as owners can charge them at home. This will add much energy to the house if the users charge their PEVs at home. The PEV charging load will lead to extra energy demand on the distribution network, and the users will need to pay more for electricity if they use the current domestic tariff in Malaysia. This research aims to analyze the PEV charging costs using time-of-use (ToU) tariffs with different time segmentations and price elasticity. The effect of four residential load profile patterns has also been investigated in Malaysia as a case study. Four PEV charging scenarios were created, and the charging times were set according to Malaysian driving styles, with charging times starting at 6 PM, 10 PM, and 9 AM. The PEV and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) are set to be homogeneous, and the EV was assumed to have a minimum state-of-charge of 20%. The main contribution of this paper is the selection of the ToU tariff segmentation, where the structure of the smallest time segmentation gave the lowest electricity bill per month compared to the Tenaga Malaysia Berhad (TNB) domestic tariff.