bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homeschooling mothers: Precarious by choice?
Authors: Machovcová Kateřina , Beláňová Andrea , Kostelecká Yvona , Mccabe Marta
Published: January 2021

This article presents the findings of a study on homeschooling in Czechia. It focuses on the gender aspects of this uncommon educational decision. Based on forty-three individual interviews with homeschooling parents, the article’s unifying thread is interest in understanding how mothers are involved in the decision to homeschool, and how the practice is embedded in gendered relationships within the society. We explore the results from two perspectives. First, we consider how the choice to homeschool lies simultaneously in embracing and opposing cultural imperatives of good mothering. Second, we explore the precarious status of homeschooling mothers in relation to economic independence. By shedding light on individual choice within social structures, we situate the practice of homeschooling within the gender inequalities of today’s society.
Mexican Supreme Court at Crossroads: Three Acts of Constitutional Politics
Authors: Olaiz-González Jaime
Published: January 2021

Since 2018, Mexico’s Supreme Court is facing a critical juncture. The new distribution of political power and the distinctive platform of the governing coalition endowed with massive popular support has forced the Court to redefine its role as a constitutional tribunal within unprecedented dynamics of constitutional politics. Such juncture can be summarized as being at crossroads, between desirable affirmation, strategic accommodation and concerning subordination.
Intelligent Questionnaires Using Approximate Dynamic Programming
Authors: Logé Frédéric , Le Pennec Erwan , Amadou-Boubacar Habiboulaye
Published: January 2021

Inefficient interaction such as long and/or repetitive questionnaires can be detrimental to user experience, which leads us to investigate the computation of an intelligent questionnaire for a prediction task. Given time and budget constraints (maximum q questions asked), this questionnaire will select adaptively the question sequence based on answers already given. Several use-cases with increased user and customer experience are given.

The problem is framed as a Markov Decision Process and solved numerically with approximate dynamic programming, exploiting the hierarchical and episodic structure of the problem. The approach, evaluated on toy models and classic supervised learning datasets, outperforms two baselines: a decision tree with budget constraint and a model with q best features systematically asked. The online problem, quite critical for deployment seems to pose no particular issue, under the right exploration strategy.

This setting is quite flexible and can incorporate easily initial available data and grouped questions.
Power formulas for mixed effects models with random slope and intercept comparing rate of change across groups
Authors: Zhao Yu , Edland Steven D.
Published: January 2021

We have previously derived power calculation formulas for cohort studies and clinical trials using the longitudinal mixed effects model with random slopes and intercepts to compare rate of change across groups [Ard & Edland, Power calculations for clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheim Dis 2011;21:369–77]. We here generalize these power formulas to accommodate 1) missing data due to study subject attrition common to longitudinal studies, 2) unequal sample size across groups, and 3) unequal variance parameters across groups. We demonstrate how these formulas can be used to power a future study even when the design of available pilot study data (i.e., number and interval between longitudinal observations) does not match the design of the planned future study. We demonstrate how differences in variance parameters across groups, typically overlooked in power calculations, can have a dramatic effect on statistical power. This is especially relevant to clinical trials, where changes over time in the treatment arm reflect background variability in progression observed in the placebo control arm plus variability in response to treatment, meaning that power calculations based only on the placebo arm covariance structure may be anticonservative. These more general power formulas are a useful resource for understanding the relative influence of these multiple factors on the efficiency of cohort studies and clinical trials, and for designing future trials under the random slopes and intercepts model.
Gradient boosting for linear mixed models
Authors: Griesbach Colin , Säfken Benjamin , Waldmann Elisabeth
Published: January 2021

Gradient boosting from the field of statistical learning is widely known as a powerful framework for estimation and selection of predictor effects in various regression models by adapting concepts from classification theory. Current boosting approaches also offer methods accounting for random effects and thus enable prediction of mixed models for longitudinal and clustered data. However, these approaches include several flaws resulting in unbalanced effect selection with falsely induced shrinkage and a low convergence rate on the one hand and biased estimates of the random effects on the other hand. We therefore propose a new boosting algorithm which explicitly accounts for the random structure by excluding it from the selection procedure, properly correcting the random effects estimates and in addition providing likelihood-based estimation of the random effects variance structure. The new algorithm offers an organic and unbiased fitting approach, which is shown via simulations and data examples.
Common ground and positioning in teacher-student interactions: Second language socialization in EFL classrooms
Authors: Ortaçtepe Hart Deniz , Okkalı Seçil
Published: January 2021

This study aims to present how intercultural and intracultural communication unfolds in EFL classrooms with NNESTs and NESTs who constantly negotiate common ground and positionings with their students. Three NEST and three NNEST teaching partners were observed and audio recorded during the first and fifth weeks of a new course they taught in turns. Data were transcribed and analyzed through conversation analysis using Kecskes and Zhang’s socio-cognitive approach to common ground (Kecskes, István & Fenghui Zhang. 2009. Activating, seeking, and creating common ground. A socio-cognitive approach.Pragmatics and Cognition17(2). 331–355) and Davies and Harré’s positioning theory (Davies, Bronwyn and Rom Harré. 1990. Positioning: The discursive production of selves.Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour20(1). 43–63). The findings revealed several differences in the ways NESTs and NNESTs established common ground and positioned themselves in their social interactions. NESTs’ lack of shared background with their students positioned them as outsiders in a foreign country and enabled them to establish more core common ground (i.e., building new common knowledge between themselves and their students). NNESTs maintained the already existing core common ground with their students (i.e., activating the common knowledge they shared with their students) while positioning themselves as insiders. NESTs’ difference-driven, cultural mediator approach to common ground helped them create meaningful contexts for language socialization through which students not only learned the target language but also the culture. On the other hand, NNESTs adopted a commonality-driven, insider approach that was transmission-of-knowledge oriented, focusing on accomplishing a pedagogical goal rather than language socialization.
1996–2017 GPS position time series, velocities and quality measures for the CORS Network
Authors: Saleh Jarir , Yoon Sungpil , Choi Kevin , Sun Lijuan , Snay Richard , McFarland Phillip , Williams Simon , Haw Don , Coloma Francine
Published: January 2021

The CORS network is a volunteer-based network of Global Positioning System reference stations located mainly in the US and its territories. We discuss the most recent comprehensive reprocessing of all GPS data collected via this network since 1996. Daily data for GPS weeks 834 through 1933 were reprocessed leading to epoch 2010.0 coordinates and velocities of 3049 stations aligned to IGS14. The updated realization of the US National Spatial Reference System derived in this work has been in use since late 2019. As a validation of the results, the derived velocity field is compared to several other solutions and to three regional geophysical and geodetic velocity models. These comparisons uncovered unstable stations which move differently than the regional kinematics around them. Once these are ignored, we estimate the horizontal and vertical stability of this updated realization to be better than ∼0.3 and ∼0.6 mm/year, respectively. We use the position residuals and estimated uncertainties from this reprocessing to derive long-term stability measures for all active stations serving longer than 3 years. These measures exposed ∼60 CORS with the poorest long-term stability, which have been consequently excluded from serving as mapping control.
Working from Home, Wages, and Regional Inequality in the Light of COVID-19
Authors: Irlacher Michael , Koch Michael
Published: January 2021

We use the most recent wave of the German Qualifications and Career Survey to reveal a substantial wage premium in a Mincer regression for workers performing their job from home. The premium accounts for more than 10% and persists within narrowly defined jobs as well as after controlling for workplace characteristics. In a next step, we provide evidence on substantial regional variation in the share of jobs that can be done from home in Germany. Our analysis reveals a strong, positive relation between the share of jobs with working from home opportunities and the mean worker income in a district. Assuming that jobs with the opportunity of remote work are more crisis proof, our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic might affect poorer regions to a greater extent. Hence, examining regional disparities is central for policy-makers in choosing economic policies to mitigate the consequences of this crisis.
Permutation groups with small orbit growth
Authors: Bodirsky Manuel , Bodor Bertalan
Published: January 2021

Let𝒦exp+{\mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}}}be the class of all structures𝔄{\mathfrak{A}}such that the automorphism group of𝔄{\mathfrak{A}}has at mostc⁢nd⁢n{cn^{dn}}orbits in its componentwise action on the set ofn-tuples with pairwise distinct entries, for some constantsc,d{c,d}withd<1{d<1}. We show that𝒦exp+{\mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}}}is precisely the class of finite covers of first-order reducts of unary structures, and also that𝒦exp+{\mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}}}is precisely the class of first-order reducts of finite covers of unary structures. It follows that the class of first-order reducts of finite covers of unary structures is closed under taking model companions and model-complete cores, which is an important property when studying the constraint satisfaction problem for structures from𝒦exp+{\mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}}}. We also show that Thomas’ conjecture holds for𝒦exp+{\mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}}}: all structures in𝒦exp+{\mathcal{K}_{{\operatorname{exp}}{+}}}have finitely many first-order reducts up to first-order interdefinability.
Possibilities for separation of scalar and vector characteristics of acoustic scatterer in tomographic polychromatic regime
Authors: Rumyantseva Olga D. , Shurup Andrey S. , Zotov Dmitriy I.
Published: January 2021

The inverse wave problem of tomographic type is considered. It consists in reconstruction of several scatterer’s characteristics in the form of spatial distributions for sound speed, medium density, absorption coefficient and power index of its frequency dependence, as well as vector of flow velocity. In the form of a survey material (based on several publications), a sequence of steps is discussed that leads to reconstruction of each individual spatial distribution in the presence of different combinations of the mentioned characteristics. The minimum number of frequencies required for reconstruction is discussed when the complete set of scattering data is available at each of the frequencies. For the first time, two possible approaches to reconstruct the scatterer characteristics in the presence of inhomogeneous spatial distributions of the density and the flow velocity vector are compared, and attention is drawn to the perspectives of reconstruction by functional algorithms in this case. The possibility of separating the sought spatial distributions during the inverse problem solution is illustrated by numerical modeling.
Fortgeschrittenenklausur zum Pauschalreiserecht
Authors: Bauermeister Tabea , Zimmermann Marco
Published: January 2021

Die Neufassung eines Rechtsgebietes, welches zum Examensstoff zählt, bietet genau den richtigen Anlass, um es von dem Staub zu befreien, von dem es für Studenten umhüllt zu sein scheint. Das Pauschalreiserecht mag verwinkelt wirken, doch stellt es eine dankbare Materie dar: Sobald man die Struktur und Hintergedanken verinnerlicht hat, reicht allein das Gesetz zum erfolgreichen Beherrschen. Zwar sind Klausuren verbunden mit einer AGB-Prüfung oder anderen Gebieten besonders für das Examen denkbar, die vorliegende Klausur soll sich aber auf das »reine« Pauschalreiserecht beschränken, um einzelne wichtige und teilweise auch inhaltlich neue Regelungen in den Fokus zu rücken.
Application of the TML method to big data analytics and reference interval harmonization
Authors: Bohn Mary Kathryn , Adeli Khosrow
Published: January 2021

Significant variation in reported reference intervals across healthcare centers and networks for many well-standardized laboratory tests continues to exist, negatively impacting patient outcomes by increasing the risk of inappropriate and inconsistent test result interpretation. Reference interval harmonization has been limited by challenges associated with direct reference interval establishment as well as hesitancies to apply currently available indirect methodologies. The Truncated Maximum Likelihood (TML) method for indirect reference interval establishment developed by the German Society of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) presents unique clinical and statistical advantages compared to traditional indirect methods (Hoffmann and Bhattacharya), increasing the feasibility of developing indirect reference intervals that are comparable to those determined using a direct a priori approach based on healthy reference populations. Here, we review the application of indirect methods, particularly the TML method, to reference interval harmonization and discuss their associated advantages and disadvantages. We also describe the CSCC Reference Interval Harmonization Working Group’s experience with the application of the TML method in harmonization of adult reference intervals in Canada.
Non-canonical word order and temporal reference in Vietnamese
Authors: Tran Thuan
Published: January 2021

The paper revisits Duffield’s (2007) (Duffield, Nigel. 2007. Aspects of Vietnamese clausal structure: Separating tense from assertion.Linguistics45(4). 765–814) analysis of the correlation between the position of a ‘when’-phrase and the temporal reference of a bare sentence in Vietnamese. Bare sentences in Vietnamese, based on (Smith, Carlota S. & Mary S. Erbaugh. 2005. Temporal interpretation in Mandarin Chinese.Linguistics43(4). 713–756), are argued to obtain their temporal interpretation from their aspectual composition, and the default temporal reference: bounded events are located in the past, unbounded events at present. It is shown that the correlation so observed in when-questions is superficial, and is tied to the syntax and semantics of temporal modification and the requirement that temporal adverbials denoting future time is base generated in sentence-initial position, and past time adverbials in sentence-final position. A ‘when’-phrase, being temporally underspecified, obtains its temporal value from its base position. However, the correlation between word order and temporal reference in argument wh-questions and declaratives is factual, depending on whether the predicate-argument configuration allows for a telic interpretation or not. To be specific, it is dependent on whether the application of Generic Modification (Snyder, William. 2012. Parameter theory and motion predicates. In Violeta Demonte & Louise McNally (eds.),Telicity, change, and state. Acrosscategorial view of event structure, 279–299. Oxford: Oxford University Press) or accomplishment composition is realized. Canonical declaratives, and argument wh-questions, with telicity inducing material, license GM or accomplishment composition, yielding bounded events, hence past; by contrast, their non-canonical counterparts block GM or accomplishment composition, giving rise to unbounded event descriptions, hence non-past.
Constructions are not predictable but are motivated: evidence from the Spanish completive reflexive
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech
Published: January 2021

Many researchers seem to think that Construction Grammar posits the existence of only wholly idiosyncratic constructions. However, this misconception betrays a deep misunderstanding of the approach because it glosses over the fact that constructions rarely if ever emergesui generis. Rather, Construction Grammar aims to balance the fact that some linguistic uses cannot be fully predicted from other well-established uses with the fact that extensions of a construction, while not predictable, are motivated by other senses in the constructional network. This paper illustrates this idea by providing an analysis of the Spanish completive reflexive markerse.
Hypertension, BMI, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Qiao Wenjing , Zhang Xinyi , Kan Bo , Vuong Ann M. , Xue Shanshan , Zhang Yuzheng , Li Binbin , Zhao Qianqian , Guo Dingjie , Shen Xue , Yang Shuman
Published: January 2021

Hypertension is associated with body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs). Whether hypertension modifies the relationship between BMI and CCDs is still unclear. We examined the association between BMI and CCDs and tested whether effect measure modification was present by hypertension. We identified a population-based sample of 3,942 participants in Shuncheng, Fushun, Liaoning, China. Hypertension was defined as any past use of antihypertensive medication or having a measured systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg. BMI was calculated from measured body weight and body height. Data on diagnosed CCDs were self-reported and validated in the medical records. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between BMI and CCDs. Higher BMI was associated with increased odds of having CCDs (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07–1.31). This association was significantly modified by hypertension (P for interaction <0.001), with positive associations observed among hypertensive individuals (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14–1.42). Age, sex, and diabetic status did not modify the relationship between BMI and CCDs (all P for interaction >0.10). Although higher BMI was associated with increased odds of CCDs, the relationship was mainly limited to hypertensive patients.
Coexistence of bilateral macular edema and pale optic disc in the patient with Cohen syndrome
Authors: Rakusiewicz Klaudia , Kanigowska Krystyna , Hautz Wojciech , Wicher Dorota , Młynek Marlena , Wyszyńska Marta , Rogowska Anna , Jędrzejczak-Młodziejewska Joanna , Danowska Małgorzata , Czeszyk Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Background

Cohen syndrome (Q87.8;ORPHA:193; OMIM#216550) is an autosomal recessive inherited genetic disorder caused by mutation in the VPS13B/COH1 gene. It is characterized by variable clinical symptoms such as deformity of the head, face, hands and feet, eye abnormalities, abdominal obesity, neutropenia and nonprogressive intellectual disability. The typical lesions in the eyeball in Cohen syndrome include high myopia, retinal dystrophy, strabismus, maculopathy and lens subluxation. The present study describes the coexistence of bilateral macular edema with pale optic disc in a patient with a homozygous deletion in the VPS13B/COH1 gene.

Material and methods

A 6-year-old Caucasian girl with facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, prominent upper incisors, narrow hands with slender fingers, congenital heart defect and ophthalmic symptoms was subjected to genetic testing. The genetic evaluation revealed a homozygous deletion on the long arm of chromosome 8 encompassing 20–25 exons of the VPS13 gene, as confirmed by Cohen syndrome. She underwent a full ophthalmological examination with the assessment of slit lamp examination of anterior segment and fundoscopy, refraction error, biometry, central corneal thickness and additionally electroretinography, optical coherence tomography and fundus photography.

Results

In the ophthalmologic examination, the girl had bilateral astigmatism accompanied by myopia and a marked reduction in central corneal thickness. Fundus examination showed pale optic nerve discs and “salt and pepper” retinopathy. Bilateral cystic macular edema was revealed in handheld optical coherence tomography. Electroretinography showed a reduced response amplitude of cones and rods.

Conclusion

In a patient with high myopia, macular edema, pale optic disc and facial dysmorphism, Cohen syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The severity of individual clinical features in patients with Cohen syndrome varies. It can be assumed that the type of mutation affects the occurrence and severity of individual symptoms.
Crystal structure of {tris((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)methyl)amine-κ
4
N,N′,N′′,N′′′}-(succinato-κ
2
O,O′)nickel(II) – methanol (1/4), C32H41N7NiO8
Authors: Qiao Tian-Xu , Chen Yu-Xiao , An Jing-Yi , Nie Feng-Mei
Published: January 2021

C32H41N7NiO8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.0076(5) Å, b = 18.6561(10) Å, c = 19.0893(18) Å, β = 108.532(6)°, V = 3378.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0607, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1340, T = 111.9(1) K.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(pyridin-1-ium) bis(1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato-k2
S:S)zinc(II), C26H18N6ZnS4
Authors: Yan Wei-Hong , Liu Xue-Guo , Shen Ming-Le , Pan Hui-Yan
Published: January 2021

C26H18N6ZnS4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.4677(13) Å, b = 12.0147(17) Å, c = 13.571(3) Å, α = 102.907(3)°, β = 102.302(3)°, γ = 110.419(2)°, V = 1336.7(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0441, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1202, T = 296(2) K.
Rivalry Type and Cyber Operations: “Hot” Rivalries, “Cold” Rivalries, and Cyber Incidents, 1990–2009
Authors: Mauslein Jacob A. , Pickering Jeffrey
Published: January 2021

Cyber operations targeting government computers and network infrastructure are becoming increasingly common and have the potential to be extremely damaging. Interstate rivalry has been shown to shape a wide range of global patterns. This paper examines the intersection between these two important phenomena. It builds upon previous scholarship by developing a broader and more nuanced theory of the rivalry-cyber operation relationship and testing it empirically with newly developed data on cyber operations from 1990 to 2009. Our results go beyond existing studies to demonstrate that certain types of “cold” rivalries experience elevated numbers of cyber operations, while other “hot” rivalries experience fewer incidents. This finding sheds new light on our general understanding of the volume and location of cyber operations in the international system. It also underscores important distinctions among rivalries that help to explain significant cyber activities and may help to improve our grasp of other emerging threats.
Rejecting consumer complaints in customer encounters on Twitter - the case of English and Polish brand communication
Authors: Tereszkiewicz Anna
Published: January 2021

The following study focuses on strategies of denial and evasion of company responsibility used in responding to complaints, negative and critical comments posted by consumers on English and Polish brand profiles on Twitter. The analysis shows that despite the face-threat these acts may pose to the consumer and, consequently, to the company’s image, the companies do not refrain from using strategies denying the complainable and disagreeing with the customer. The study shows that companies resort to a range of sub-strategies of evasion and denial of blame, such as referral to external circumstances and regulations, thanks, blaming a third party, statements of unawareness of the complainable, simple denial of the complainable, expression of personal opinion or criticism of the consumer, among others. The study indicated differences between the English and Polish profiles as to the range and frequency of use of the strategies of rejecting consumers’ complaints. The Polish corpus offers a greater occurrence and a wider range of evasion and denial strategies used in reaction to consumers’ negative or critical opinions and complaints.
Existential threats to the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games? a review of emerging environmental health risks
Authors: Annear Michael , Kidokoro Tetsuhiro , Shimizu Yasuo
Published: January 2021

This review highlights two intersecting environmental phenomena that have significantly impacted the Tokyo Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games: infectious disease outbreaks and anthropogenic climate change. Following systematic searches of five databases and the gray literature, 15 studies were identified that addressed infectious disease and climate-related health risks associated with the Summer Games and similar sports mega-events. Over two decades, infectious disease surveillance at the Summer Games has identified low-level threats from vaccine-preventable illnesses and respiratory conditions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and expansion of vector-borne diseases represent emerging and existential challenges for cities that host mass gathering sports competitions due to the absence of effective vaccines. Ongoing threats from heat injury among athletes and spectators have also been identified at international sports events from Asia to North America due to a confluence of rising Summer temperatures, urban heat island effects and venue crowding. Projections for the Tokyo Games and beyond suggest that heat injury risks are reaching a dangerous tipping point, which will necessitate relocation or mitigation with long-format and endurance events. Without systematic change to its format or staging location, the Summer Games have the potential to drive deleterious health outcomes for athletes, spectators and host communities.
Enhancement of Schiff base biological efficacy by metal coordination and introduction of metallic compounds as anticovid candidates: a simple overview
Authors: Mir Jan Mohammad , Majid Sheikh Abdul , Shalla Aabid Hussain
Published: January 2021

In the prevailing apocalyptic times of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the whole scientific community is busy in designing anticovid drug or vaccine. Under such a fascination, Schiff bases or azomethine compounds are continuously interrogated for antimicrobial properties. These compounds represent interesting molecular scaffolds of huge medicinal and industrial relevance. In order to update the current literature support of such facts this article introduces the synthetic chemistry, mechanism of formation of a Schiff base, followed by biological efficacy and finally a suitable discussion on the mechanism of respective bioactivity. In most of the studies revealing the biological evaluation of azomethine functionalized frameworks, fascinated results have been recorded in case of azomethine-metal complexes as compared with the free ligands. Also, the CH=N or C=N form of organic ligands have indicated marvellous results. Therefore, in connection with the biological relevance and microbicidal implications of such metallic compounds, this works reviews the current update of microorganism fighting efficacy of azomethine metal complexes along with the introduction of some metallodrugs as excellent candidates having COVID-19 defending potentiality.
Random transformations and invariance of semimartingales on Lie groups
Authors: Albeverio Sergio , De Vecchi Francesco C. , Morando Paola , Ugolini Stefania
Published: January 2021

Invariance properties of semimartingales on Lie groups under a family of random transformations are defined and investigated, generalizing the random rotations of the Brownian motion. A necessary and sufficient explicit condition characterizing semimartingales with this kind of invariance is given in terms of their stochastic characteristics. Non-trivial examples of symmetric semimartingales are provided and applications of this concept to stochastic analysis are discussed.
Investigation of TAGAP gene polymorphism (rs1738074) in Turkish pediatric celiac patients
Authors: Pehlivan Melek , Ayna Tülay K. , Baran Maşallah , Soyöz Mustafa , Koçyiğit Aslı Ö. , Çerçi Burcu , Pirim İbrahim
Published: January 2021

Objectives

There are several hypotheses on the effects of the rs1738074 T/C single nucleotide polymorphism in the TAGAP gene; however, there has been no study on Turkish pediatric patients. We aimed to investigate the association of celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) comorbidity with the polymorphism in the TAGAP gene of Turkish pediatric patients.

Methods

Totally, 127 pediatric CD patients and 100 healthy children were included. We determined the polymorphism by the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. We used IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 and Arlequin 3.5.2 for the statistical analyses. The authors have no conflict of interest.

Results

It was determined that 72% (n=154) of only CD patients had C allele, whereas 28% (n=60) had T allele. Of the patients with celiac and T1DM, 42.5% (n=17) and 57.5% (n=23) had T and C alleles, respectively. Of the individuals in control group, 67% (n=134) had C allele, whereas 33% (n=66) had T allele.

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies between the patient and control groups (p>0.05). There was no significant association between the disease risk and the polymorphism in our study group.
The influence of aspect on the countability of Polish deverbal nominalizations: Evidence from an acceptability rating study
Authors: Gulgowski Piotr , Błaszczak Joanna , Puhacheuskaya Veranika
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of a study investigating a possible influence of the viewpoint (perfective vs. imperfective) and lexical (telic vs. atelic) aspect of Polish verbs on the countability of eventive nominalizations (substantiva verbalia) derived from these verbs. Polishsubstantiva verbaliapreserve many properties of the base verbs, including the eventive meaning and aspectual morphology. Native speakers of Polish rated the acceptability of nominalizations in count and mass contexts. An effect of both viewpoint and lexical aspect was found in mass contexts, where aspectually delimited (perfective, accomplishment) nominalizations were less acceptable than non-delimited (imperfective, state) nominalizations. In count contexts, only an effect of the lexical aspect was clearly present, with accomplishment nominalizations being more acceptable than state nominalizations. The nominalizations were overall rated as more natural in mass than count constructions, regardless of the aspect. The results indicate that aspect plays a role in establishing the countability of a word, but it does not fully determine it.
Indeterminacies and mismatches in grammatical systems
Authors: Struckmeier Volker , Pankau Andreas
Published: January 2021

This introduction proposes to investigate mismatches and indeterminacies in languages much more than has hitherto been done. Such seemingly unruly aspects of language(s), it is argued, are interesting since they may help shed light on the internal make-up of grammatical systems. The question of the internal make-up of grammar(s), it is argued, cannot be addressed by the normal modus operandi of linguistic research, which is to find matches (rather than mismatches) between the observable (sound and meaning) interface systems, and to find how the interface representations map unto each other deterministically: It is only in the “lo-fi” aspects of mappings that the internal mechanisms of the overall grammatical architecture may reveal themselves.

The introduction also points out that our concern is independent of the various theoretical orientations linguists may choose for their work, since the problem presents itself in all approaches to language research currently available, it seems – if in slightly different ways.

We propose, in sum, that mismatches and indeterminacies are an extremely worthwhile field for future linguistic research, and one that should be on the agenda (or minimally, within the field of view) for linguists of all theoretical convictions.
On “free” grammatical variation in a mixed lect: Clitic placement in Cypriot Greek
Authors: Grohmann Kleanthes K. , Kambanaros Maria , Leivada Evelina , Pavlou Natalia
Published: January 2021

Variation involving a switch between pre- and post-verbal placement of pronominal object clitics in a single syntactic environment within a language is unexpected. The rationale why this would not be expected is clear: Languages pattern as either proclitic or enclitic with respect to object clitic placement, possibly allowing one or the other option across different syntactic environments. We provide an overview of our research from data collected in Cyprus, related to the development and use of pronominal object clitics for child populations and adult speakers that are bilectal in Cypriot and Standard Modern Greek. While it has been shown that the tested bilectal populations receive exposure to more than one distinct grammar, including mixed grammars with optional choices for clitic placement, an important question remains unaddressed: Is variation really “free” across all speakers or are there universally reliable predictors (such as gender, age, or level of education) that mediate a consistent use of either the standard or the dialect? Combining insights from targeted elicitation tasks administered to different groups, a corpus of spontaneous speech, and an extensive literature review, we show the weakness of such purported predictors and support a claim of free variation.
Photophysical property change of N-(5-bromo-salicylidene)-3-aminoethylpyridine monohydrated crystals via dehydration phase transition
Authors: Sugiyama Haruki
Published: January 2021

The crystals of N-salicylideneaniline (SA) and SA derivatives are classic functional materials that exhibit reversible colour changes (photochromism) and/or excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorescence emission under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. In this study, a novel SA derivative was synthesised with an extended alkyl chain, N-(5-bromo-salicylidene)-3-aminoethylpyridine (5Br-SAEP). The photophysical properties of 5Br-SAEP were characterised in the crystalline state. The monohydrated crystal (1H) of 5Br-SAEP was dehydrated to form the anhydrous crystal (1A) at a relative humidity of less than 76%. The photochromic activity was switched by the dehydration phase transition from the non-photochromic 1H to the photochromic 1A. The quantum yield of fluorescence decreased significantly from 8% in 1H to 3% in 1A. The in situ change of photophysical properties occurred due to the change in the crystal structure. This indicated the potential of the solvated crystals of the SAEP derivatives for applications in novel switching or smart materials.
A highly efficient and green protocol for the synthesis of 3,3′-(arylmethylene)-bis(2-hydroxynaphthoquinone) derivatives catalyzed by a dicationic molten salt
Authors: Zare Abdolkarim , Ghobadpoor Aysoda
Published: January 2021

A highly efficient and green protocol for the synthesis of 3,3′-(arylmethylene)-bis(2-hydroxynaphthoquinone) {3,3′-(arylmethylene)-bis(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione)} derivatives has been developed. The reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthoquinone (2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione) (2 eq.) and arylaldehydes (1 eq.) in the presence of the dicationic molten salt N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediaminium bis-hydrogensulfate ([TMEDAH2][HSO4]2) under solvent-free conditions afforded the mentioned compounds in high yields and relatively short reaction times.
The effect of temperature on the structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrites synthesized via hydrothermal method
Authors: Majid Farzana , Shahin Ammarah , Ata Sadia , Bibi Ismat , Malik Abdul , Ali Adnan , Laref Amel , Iqbal Munawar , Nazir Arif
Published: January 2021

A series of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were prepared using hydrothermal process by varying the reaction temperature. The structural, magnetic and dielectric properties have been studied with the help of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and impedance analyzer respectively. XRD spectra of all samples confirmed the formation of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs). The lattice constant ‘a’ for temperature series samples is averaged around 8.4023 Å. Crystallite size of temperature series is calculated by Debye–Scherer formula that lies in the range of 15.04–20.49 nm. Its values increase because the chance of coalescence increases by increasing temperature. The maximum packing factor is obtained for the sample with highest reaction temperature. From VSM data, we get the M–H hysteresis curves for complete temperature series which confirms the magnetic nature. The maximum saturation magnetization 150.67 emu/g is obtained for the sample prepared at highest temperature. Different magnetic parameter such as saturation magnetization, coercivity, retentivity, squareness ratio, anisotropy constant and magneton number has been calculated from VSM data. AC response of all prepared ferrites was studied with impedance analyzer of frequency range 20 Hz to 20 MHz. Ferrites are the insulating materials, so, eddy current does not induce in transformer cores made of ferrite materials. In the medical field cobalt ferrite is used for drug delivery, as a biosensor and in MRI.
Influence of Retrogression and Reaging Treatment on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance and Exfoliation Corrosion Resistance in AA7010 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Krishnanunni S. , Ranganatha R. , Anil Kumar V. , Gupta R. K. , Ajithkumar G.
Published: January 2021

The aluminum alloys with zinc as the primary alloying element (AA7XXX series) exhibit high strength and are widely used as aircraft structural materials. These categories of aluminum alloys in their peak aging condition (T6) are known to be highly susceptible to general as well as stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Retrogression and reaging (RRA) treatment of this category of alloys leads to improvement in the corrosion resistance without significant compromise in strength. SCC was found to be improving in general in these alloys, but the intergranular corrosion (IGC) and exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) need to be evaluated. The effect of RRA heat treatment on the IGC and exfoliation of AA7010 aluminum alloy has been investigated and compared with T6 and T73 temper conditions of the alloy. The results indicate that the corrosion susceptibility of AA7010 aluminum alloy decreased by subjecting the alloy to multistage (RRA) heat treatment. It is attributed to the grain boundary precipitate coarsening and is also the major factor responsible for reducing the susceptibility to IGC and EXCO.
Preliminary Inquiry on Elementary School Mathematics Wisdom Class Evaluation System
Authors: Lu Haizhou
Published: January 2021

Smart classrooms attach great importance to autonomy, investigation, thoughts, and diversity. Therefore, smart mathematics teaching is influenced by smart education claims that the teaching activities are carried out aided by information technology and advocates students solve problems through innovative cooperation learning. As a result, creating a student-oriented and teacher-directed teaching model highlights the student’s dominant position. The mathematics smart classroom evaluation in elementary school is an in-depth analysis of the pupil’s cognitive characteristics and wisdom class essence. This article actively explores the standards for teaching design and implementation through the evaluation of smart mathematics classrooms. It preliminarily draws up an evaluation scale to make the first-step explorations for future elementary school math smart classroom design.
Using Mind Maps to Construct Knowledge Systems
Authors: Zhou Xinyi
Published: January 2021

Knowledge system structuring stands for the mutually supportive unified structure through the correlation and interaction of relevant things within the knowledge category, which is the unity of connotation and extension of the knowledge category’s related matters through the mutual connection and mutual restriction relationship. It is the arrangement of the logical relationship between the knowledge that has been constructed by itself and makes it an internal order. The construction of a knowledge system is of great significance for learners to improve learning efficiency, easily acquire knowledge, form independent thinking ability, cultivate the problem-solving ability, and realize intelligent learning. Subject mind mapping is a way to help learners construct a subject knowledge system. This article will explore how smart teachers design teaching, guide students to use subject mind maps to construct knowledge systems, and provide ideas and methods for frontline teachers to guide students to construct knowledge systems in teaching design and teaching implementation.
Juventudes e Educação: estado da arte de publicações em revistas A1 de universidades federais brasileiras (2010 – 2019)
Authors: Oliveira Victor Hugo Nedel
Published: January 2021

As relações entre juventudes contemporâneas e educação vão muito além do que sua simples presença nos espaços escolares. O principal objetivo do texto foi construir o estado da arte das publicações sobre o tema, em revistas de Universidades Federais brasileiras, de classificação A1. Para tanto, realizou-se investigação bibliográfica que selecionou as revistas dispostas nos critérios estabelecidos e os textos para análise, a partir dos descritores “juventudes” e “jovens” e do recorte temporal de 2010 até 2019. Os resultados apontaram para a presença de 10 textos, em periódicos da região sul do Brasil e com regularidade na publicação, ainda que em baixo volume. Os textos foram categorizados em temas: culturas juvenis; ensino médio; entrevistas e outros. As tendências metodológicas apontam para investigações em maioria de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizam entrevistas como técnica de coleta de dados, que utilizam da análise de conteúdo para análise dos dados, que investigaram jovens e em espaços escolares. É possível considerar que o reconhecimento das pesquisas em juventudes e educação reforça a ideia de manutenção do campo de amplia as possibilidades para novas investigações.
The clausal organization of Tuparí, an indigenous Brazilian language
Authors: Singerman Adam Roth
Published: January 2021

This paper provides a detailed description and analysis of the clausal organization of Tuparí, a Tupían language that is spoken by approximately 350 people in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. The paper focuses on several interrelated issues that have broader comparative and typological importance, including (a) the distribution of head-initial and head-final phrase structure, (b) the diverse surface realizations of the Tense Phrase, and (c) the distinction between true pronouns and pronoun-like agreement enclitics. Data are drawn from an in-progress corpus of native language texts, everyday conversations and elicited utterances. Differences between Tuparí and the other languages belonging to the Tupían family's Tuparían branch are highlighted at various points for comparative purposes.
Factors associated with the knowledge and attitude of adolescents regarding male condom use
Authors: Rodrigues Vitória Caroline da Cunha , Lopes Gabriella Farias , Silveira Giovanna Evelyn Luna , Sousa Isabelle Barros , Sena Marcela Matias , Lopes Thays Silva de Souza , Aquino Priscila de Souza
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify factors associated with the knowledge and attitude regarding male condom use in school adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice survey, conducted with 114 adolescents from a public state high school from August to October 2017, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Results: The assumption of having sufficient knowledge regarding safe sex, not having a casual/dating partner, and having had three or more sexual partners in the last three months affected adequate knowledge. Higher education of the mother and not talking to the mother about sex were factors that influenced the inappropriate attitude of the participants. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of adolescents are influenced both by their previous sexual relations and by their relationship with their mother and the level of her schooling. Thus, it is essential that health institutions promote actions aimed at sex education, with support from schools and health professionals in general.
La urgencia bajo la lupa: una revisión de la producción científica sobre servicios de emergencia en hospitales desde la etnografía
Authors: Sy Anahi , Moglia Brenda , Aragunde Gisele , Derossi Paula
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de la literatura científica de estudios etnográficos sobre los servicios de emergencias en hospitales, con el objetivo de sistematizar las investigaciones y los principales hallazgos de los trabajos, que se refieren al proceso de salud-enfermedad-atención-cuidado en servicios de emergencia o guardia hospitalaria, desde una perspectiva etnográfica. En este sentido, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora de textos publicados en revistas indexadas nacionales e internacionales y en las siguientes bases electrónicas: PubMed, BVS, Scopus, Redalyc y SciELO. El corpus de análisis quedó conformado por un total de 69 artículos, a los cuales se aplicó análisis de contenido, habiendo identificado las siguientes dimensiones de análisis: calidad de atención, comunicación y vínculos, subjetividad, aplicación de tecnologías informáticas, reflexión metodológica, experiencias y prácticas de los usuarios, toma de decisiones y violencias. Los resultados permitieron identificar un proceso que se aleja de lo normativo y protocolizado, donde aspectos subjetivos del trabajador, la comunicación y las relacionales interpersonales, así como las condiciones de trabajo, modelan, orientan y condicionan la atención y cuidado que se provee en el espacio del hospital. De este modo, se destaca el abordaje de los aspectos subjetivos en las investigaciones en salud, no sólo para comprender las perspectivas y experiencias de los trabajadores, sino para entender los obstáculos que persisten en el momento de proveer una mejor calidad de atención, complejizando un problema ignorado en la mayor parte de los análisis.