bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sustainable synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor nirmatrelvir, the active ingredient in Paxlovid
Authors: Kincaid Joseph R. A. , Caravez Juan C. , Iyer Karthik S. , Kavthe Rahul D. , Fleck Nico , Aue Donald H. , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: November 2022

Pfizer’s drug for the treatment of patients infected with COVID-19, Paxlovid, contains most notably nirmatrelvir, along with ritonavir. Worldwide demand is projected to be in the hundreds of metric tons per year, to be produced by several generic drug manufacturers. Here we show a 7-step, 3-pot synthesis of the antiviral nirmatrelvir, arriving at the targeted drug in 70% overall yield. Critical amide bond-forming steps utilize new green technology that completely avoids traditional peptide coupling reagents, as well as epimerization of stereocenters. Likewise, dehydration of a primary amide to the corresponding nitrile is performed and avoids use of the Burgess reagent and chlorinated solvents. DFT calculations for various conformers of nirmatrelvir predict that two rotamers about the tertiary amide would be present with an unusually high rotational barrier. Direct comparisons with the original literature procedures highlight both the anticipated decrease in cost and environmental footprint associated with this route, potentially expanding the availability of this important drug worldwide.
Light–matter interaction beyond Born–Oppenheimer approximation mediated by stimulated phonon polaritons
Authors: Lu Yao , Wu Qiang , Xiong Hao , Zhou Xu , Li Zhixuan , Qi Jiwei , Xu Xitan , Ma Ruobin , Fan Jiang , Chen Zhigang , Xu Jingjun
Published: November 2022

For decades, the light-matter interaction (LMI) based on Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation has dominated the fields of photonics, materials, and condensed-matter physics. However, in polar crystals, the BO approximation is not applicable when stimulated phonon polaritons are excited. Unlike the studies on topological physics and physical chemistry that go beyond BO approximation, here we unravel a stimulated phonon polariton-mediated LMI mechanism in polar crystals, which is radically different from the traditional LMI interpreted by BO approximation. In the regime of stimulated phonon polariton-mediated LMI, two exemplary experiments were conducted at different wavelengths: Q-factor increase of a LiNbO3 terahertz microcavity, and a five orders-of-magnitude enhancement of second-harmonic generation of infrared laser pulses in a LiNbO3 slab. Our study enhances the understanding of the LMI mechanism and shows potential for applications in the fields of optics/photonics and condensed-matter physics.
Non-inertial quantum clock frames lead to non-Hermitian dynamics
Authors: Paiva Ismael L. , Te’eni Amit , Peled Bar Y. , Cohen Eliahu , Aharonov Yakir
Published: November 2022

The operational approach to time is a cornerstone of relativistic theories, as evidenced by the notion of proper time. In standard quantum mechanics, however, time is an external parameter. Recently, many attempts have been made to extend the notion of proper time to quantum mechanics within a relational framework. Here, we use similar ideas combined with the relativistic mass-energy equivalence to study an accelerating massive quantum particle with an internal clock system. We show that the ensuing evolution from the perspective of the particle’s internal clock is non-Hermitian. This result does not rely on specific implementations of the clock. As a particular consequence, we prove that the effective Hamiltonian of two gravitationally interacting particles is non-Hermitian from the perspective of the clock of either particle.
Diversity of the Fungi Kingdom: Molecular Tools to Distinguish Mushrooms Considered Safe and Unsafe for Human Health
Authors: Lallawmsanga A. , Carrasco B. Jaime
Published: November 2022

Mushrooms are the short-life reproductive stage of complex fungal organisms that colonize different habitats by a convoluted net of hyphae that adapts to the vegetative mycelium. Since ancient times, mushrooms have been increasingly appreciated due to their low-caloric and rich nutritional profile and their significant content of bioactive compounds such as micronutrients and vitamins. In this sense, it has become essential to acknowledge and identify different species in the wild to avoid errors in identification, since closely related species of mushrooms can be delicious but also toxic and even cause death. Mushroom species can be identified both by morphological and molecular identification approaches. Thus, the present chapter reviews the available genetic tools that enable the correct identification of mushrooms at the species level and their diversity in northeast India. Also, a brief section concerning good practices for mushroom selection and morphological features that can help in the identification of wild mushrooms is presented.
Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Mushrooms
Authors: Babotă Mihai , Frumuzachi Oleg , Nicolescu Alexandru , Ielciu Irina , Păltinean Ramona , Crişan Gianina , Mocan Andrei
Published: November 2022

Phenolic compounds are a diverse group of natural biomolecules that can be found in edible or/and medicinal fungi. Many studies dealing with the exploration of phenolic compounds and their health-improving properties have recognized the fungal species as a suitable alternative for plant phenolic-enriched fractions. Considering this, in the last few years interest in this research field has increased, highlighting in an evidence-based manner the multiple benefits of phenolic secondary metabolites from mushrooms as part of the human diet. This chapter focuses on summarizing the latest findings regarding the phenolic composition of the most popular mushrooms used for medicinal and/or food purposes.
Cultivation of Mushrooms Widely Appreciated by Consumers
Authors: Zied Diego Cunha , Geösel András , Pardo-Giménez Arturo
Published: November 2022

Mushrooms are the classic example of the transformation of lignocellulolytic materials into food without methane emission. Other important information is that mushrooms can be produced in small spaces, using residues, obtaining high bioconversion, without any risk of transmitting zoonoses to humans, with a quick economic return due to the short cultivation cycle. In this chapter, we discuss the main trends and technologies that are emerging in the market to make mushroom cultivation increasingly competitive and viable from an agronomic, environmental and economic point of view. The main technologies mentioned in this chapter are applied to the A. bisporus strains, popularly known as button mushroom and Portobello, although in general they can be applied to other cultivated mushrooms.
Fully integrated on-line strategy for highly sensitive proteome profiling of 10–500 mammalian cells
Authors: Yang Yun , Sun Suhong , He Shunji , Liu Chengmin , Fu Changying , Tang Min , Liu Chao , Sun Ying , Lam Henry , Liu Zhiyong , Tian Ruijun
Published: November 2022

3-frit mixed-mode RCPR enabled highly sensitive proteome profiling of 10–500 mammalian cells and provided an alternative to nanofluidic devices.
Photo-switchable anion binding and catalysis with a visible light responsive halogen bonding receptor
Authors: Kerckhoffs Aidan , Moss Isabelle , Langton Matthew J.
Published: November 2022

We report a visible-light halogen bonding photoswitchable anion receptor and catalyst; displaying an over 50-fold enhancement in chloride binding.
Porous TiNi3-based intermetallics as active and robust monolith catalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Qiu Yue , He Zhenli , He Yuehui , Zhao Qian , Wang Zhonghe , Jiang Yao
Published: November 2022

TiNi3-based intermetallics as PMCs are prepared by the reactive synthesis of elemental powders, which can serve as active and robust catalysts for HER.
Spatial arrangement of dynamic surface species from solid-state NMR and machine learning-accelerated MD simulations
Authors: Kobayashi Takeshi , Liu Da-Jiang , Perras Frédéric A.
Published: November 2022

Arrangement of dynamic surface species is explored by experimental dipolar coupling measurements and the prediction of motionally-averaged coupling constant from machine learning-accelerated molecular dynamics simulations.
Carbon-based glyco-nanoplatforms: towards the next generation of glycan-based multivalent probes
Authors: Ramos-Soriano Javier , Ghirardello Mattia , Galan M. Carmen
Published: November 2022

This review highlights the recent achievements in the field of carbon-based multivalent glyco-nanoplatforms with biological applications.
Brownian motor inspired monodirectional continuous spinning triboelectric nanogenerators for extracting energy from irregular gentle water waves
Authors: Qiu Huijing , Wang Huamei , Xu Liang , Zheng Mingli , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: November 2022

A TENG intrinsically adaptive to chaotic agitations like the Brownian motors is designed based on dual symmetry breakings.
Fully-integrated electrochemical system that captures CO2from flue gas to produce value-added chemicals at ambient conditions
Authors: Prajapati Aditya , Sartape Rohan , Galante Miguel T. , Xie Jiahan , Leung Samuel L. , Bessa Ivan , Andrade Marcio H. S. , Somich Robert T. , Rebouças Márcio V. , Hutras Gus T. , Diniz Nathália , Singh Meenesh R.
Published: November 2022

Fully integrated electrochemical system for continuous CO2capture and conversion.
Electrocatalytic synthesis: an environmentally benign alternative for radical-mediated aryl/alkenyl C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Luo Mu-Jia , Ding Haixin , Yang Ruchun , Xiao Qiang
Published: November 2022

This review covers the recent progress in electrochemically enabled radical-mediated aryl/alkenyl C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling reactions, including synthetic strategies, plausible mechanisms and further research outlook.
Integrating machine learning and digital microfluidics for screening experimental conditions
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Simchi Mohammad , Perry James M. , Frenette Stephane , Benali Habib , Soucy Jean-Paul , Massarweh Gassan , Shih Steve C. C.
Published: November 2022

A new approach to combine digital microfluidics and machine learning algorithms to enable applications that require high throughput analysis.
Investigation of changes regularities in the valence state during the formation of supported palladium–bismuth nanoparticles using XPS
Authors: Sandu Mariya P. , Syrtanov Maxim S. , Orlov Sergey A. , Kurzina Irina A.
Published: November 2022

Herein, we have revealed the regularities in Pd–Bi nanoparticle formation supported on alumina from an acetic acid solution of organometallic precursors.
Enhanced CO2electrolysis through modulation of oxygen vacancies
Authors: Huang Lingwei , Xu Yihong , Huang Xu , Sun Hui , He Xuewei , Gan Lizhen
Published: November 2022

Conventional metal and cermet cathodes are easily oxidized during CO2electrolysis, which seriously affects the electrolysis performance of the electrolysis cell.
How reduction temperature affects the properties of carbon nanotubes growing over the Fe–MgO/Al2O3catalyst
Authors: Yan Chao , Yu Yinrui , Zhang Tianle , Lin Yan , Wang Fei , He Yan
Published: November 2022

Reduction temperature influences the form of Fe present and thus the synthesis of carbon nanotubes.
Introduction of TiO2-[bip]-NH2+ C(NO2)3− as an effective nanocatalyst for the Hantzsch reactions
Authors: Nasirmahale Leyla Nazemi , Shirini Farhad , Bayat Yadollah , Mazloumi Masoumeh
Published: November 2022

A novel reagent represented by TiO2-[bip]-NH2+ C(NO2)3− was synthesized, characterized and used as an efficient and reusable nanocatalyst in the synthesis of hexahydroquinoline and 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine derivatives.
Amorphous FeCoNiBOx nanosheets as highly active and durable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte
Authors: Wang Dan , Feng Xiangping , He Huan , Wang Zhiyuan , Zheng Runguo , Sun Hongyu , Liu Yanguo , Liu Chunli
Published: November 2022

An amorphous FeCoNiBOx catalyst is fabricated and exhibits remarkable oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic properties.
A solvent controlled three-component reaction of diazo compounds for the synthesis of hydrazone compounds under Brønsted acid catalysis
Authors: He Hangli , Yan Zhewei , Wang Junyong , Yan Qiongjiao , Wang Wei , Wang Haifeng , Chen Fener
Published: November 2022

A novel Brønsted acid catalyzed three-component reaction of diazo compounds has been achieved from α-diazo ester, N-aminophthalimide and a solvent.
Cauliflower-like NiFe alloys anchored on a flake iron nickel carbonate hydroxide heterostructure towards superior overall water and urea electrolysis
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhao Meiru , Gong Zhangquan , Fang Siyao , Hu Sheng , Pi Wei , Bao Haifeng
Published: November 2022

A NiFe/NiFeCH/CC heterostructure was synthesized as an efficient trifunctional electrocatalyst for the OER, HER and UOR.
Emerging biotransduction strategies on soft interfaces for biosensing
Authors: Tian Yuanyuan , Xu Guoliang , Cai Kaiyu , Zhao Xiao , Zhang Bo , Wang Lianhui , Wang Ting
Published: November 2022

As a lab-on-soft biochip providing accurate and timely biomarker information, wearable biosensors can satisfy the increasing demand for intelligent e-health services, active disease diagnosis/therapy, and huge bioinformation data.
Atomistic structures of 〈0001〉 tilt grain boundaries in a textured Mg thin film
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Xie Zhuocheng , Keuter Philipp , Saood Saba , Abdellaoui Lamya , Zhou Xuyang , Cautaerts Niels , Breitbach Benjamin , Aliramaji Shamsa , Korte-Kerzel Sandra , Hans Marcus , Schneider Jochen M. , Scheu Christina
Published: November 2022

In a textured Mg thin film, two types of 〈0001〉 tilt grain boundaries are identified by electron microscopy and atomistic simulation. Coincidence site lattice and dislocation models are applied to study boundaries in hexagonal close-packed crystals.
Iron carbide nanoparticles supported on an N-doped carbon porous framework as a bifunctional material for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and supercapacitors
Authors: Han Zengyu , Cai Wenfang , Zhao Shifeng , Zhao Yi , Bai Jirui , Chen Qingyun , Wang Yunhai
Published: November 2022

Fe3C/PNCF is prepared as a bifunctional material for a low half-wave potential of 0.84 V toward electrocatalytic ORR and a high specific capacitance of 385.3 F g−1 under 1 A g−1.
From plastic to elastomers: introducing reversible copper–thioether coordination in CO2-based polycarbonate
Authors: Mo Wenjie , Zhuo Chunwei , Liu Shunjie , Wang Xianhong , Wang Fosong
Published: November 2022

From plastic to functional elastomer by constructing Cu–S dynamic reversible bonds in CO2-based polycarbonate.
Sulfonylation of aryl boronic acids by sulfonyl fluorides in water under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Zhen Jingsong , Li Yihui , Yuan Han , Xu Xiaohong , Du Xian , Li Xin-Qing , Luo Yong
Published: November 2022

Sulfonyl fluoride was used as a stable and modifiable sulfonyl radical source under visible-light irradiation to react with diverse aryl boronic acids in water, affording various complex sulfones under mild and environmentally benign conditions.
Eosin Y mediated photo-catalytic C–H functionalization: C–C and C–S bond formation
Authors: Singla Dinesh , Luxami Vijay , Paul Kamaldeep
Published: November 2022

C–C and C–S bonds are valuable in organic transformation for synthesizing various bioactive heterocycles.
Catalytic site-specific and regioselective (3 + 2) transannulations between 1,2,3-thiadiazoles and allenoates
Authors: Chen Cunzhi , Fang Shuyan , Yu Mingwu , Xu Jiaxi , Yang Zhanhui
Published: November 2022

Catalytic transannulations between perpendicularly strained allenoates and 1,2,3-thiadiazoles produce tetrasubstituted thiophenes, site-specifically and regioselectively.
Backbone-controlled LUMO energy induces intramolecular C–H activation inortho-bis-9-borafluorene-substituted phenyl ando-carboranyl compounds leading to novel 9,10-diboraanthracene derivatives
Authors: Krebs Johannes , Häfner Alena , Fuchs Sonja , Guo Xueying , Rauch Florian , Eichhorn Antonius , Krummenacher Ivo , Friedrich Alexandra , Ji Lei , Finze Maik , Lin Zhenyang , Braunschweig Holger , Marder Todd B.
Published: November 2022

The backbone linker for twoortho-bis-(9-borafluorene)s influences the LUMO at the boron centers and the reactivity of the respective compounds.
Gone with the Wnt(less): a mechanistic perspective on the journey of Wnt
Authors: Mani Neha , Nygaard Rie , Mancia Filippo
Published: November 2022

Wnts are short-range signaling proteins, expressed in all metazoans from sponges to humans, critical for cell development and fate. There are 19 different Wnts in the human genome with varying expression levels and patterns, and post-translational modifications. Common to essentially all Wnts is the palmitoleation of a conserved serine by the O-acyltransferase PORCN in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All lipidated Wnts then bind a dedicated carrier Wntless (WLS), endowed with the task of transporting them from the ER to the plasma membrane, and ultimately facilitating their release to receptors on the Wnt-receiving cell to initiate signaling. Here, we will focus on the WLS-mediated transport step. There are currently two published structures, both obtained by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy of the Wnt/WLS complex: human Wnt8A-bound and human Wnt3A-bound WLS. We analyze the two Wnt/WLS structures — remarkably similar despite the sequence similarity between Wnt8A and Wnt3A being only ∼39% — to begin to understand the conserved nature of this binding mechanism, and ultimately how one carrier can accommodate a family of 19 different Wnts. By comparing how Wnt associates with WLS with how it binds to PORCN and FZD receptors, we can begin to speculate on mechanisms of Wnt transfer from PORCN to WLS, and from WLS to FZD, thus providing molecular-level insight into these essential steps of the Wnt signaling pathway.
ISG15 driven cellular responses to virus infection
Authors: Munnur Deeksha , Banducci-Karp Adrianna , Sanyal Sumana
Published: November 2022

One of the hallmarks of antiviral responses to infection is the production of interferons and subsequently of interferon stimulated genes. Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is among the earliest and most abundant proteins induced upon interferon signalling, encompassing versatile functions in host immunity. ISG15 is a ubiquitin like modifier that can be conjugated to substrates in a process analogous to ubiquitylation and referred to as ISGylation. The free unconjugated form can either exist intracellularly or be secreted to function as a cytokine. Interestingly, ISG15 has been reported to be both advantageous and detrimental to the development of immunopathology during infection. This review describes recent findings on the role of ISG15 in antiviral responses in human infection models, with a particular emphasis on autophagy, inflammatory responses and cellular metabolism combined with viral strategies of counteracting them. The field of ISGylation has steadily gained momentum; however much of the previous studies of virus infections conducted in mouse models are in sharp contrast with recent findings in human cells, underscoring the need to summarise our current understanding of its potential antiviral function in humans and identify knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future studies.
Open Science Practices in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Survey
Authors: El Amin Mariam , Borders James C. , Long Helen L. , Keller Mary Alice , Kearney Elaine
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Open science is a collection of practices that seek to improve the accessibility, transparency, and replicability of science. Although these practices have garnered interest in related fields, it remains unclear whether open science practices have been adopted in the field of communication sciences and disorders (CSD). This study aimed to survey the knowledge, implementation, and perceived benefits and barriers of open science practices in CSD.

Method:

An online survey was disseminated to researchers in the United States actively engaged in CSD research. Four-core open science practices were examined:
preregistration
,
self-archiving
,
gold open access
, and
open data.
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression models.

Results:

Two hundred twenty-two participants met the inclusion criteria. Most participants were doctoral students (38%) or assistant professors (24%) at R1 institutions (58%). Participants reported low knowledge of preregistration and gold open access. There was, however, a high level of desire to learn more for all practices. Implementation of open science practices was also low, most notably for preregistration, gold open access, and open data (< 25%). Predictors of knowledge and participation, as well as perceived barriers to implementation, are discussed.

Conclusion:

Although participation in open science appears low in the field of CSD, participants expressed a strong desire to learn more in order to engage in these practices in the future.

Supplemental Material and Open Science Form:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21569040
Clinical Case Study: Pediatric Bilateral Benign Vocal Fold Lesions
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

This study describes a clinical case of benign bilateral vocal fold lesions in a 4-year-old boy. Acoustic, aerodynamic, auditory-perceptual, and stroboscopic evaluations are described, and the outcomes of intervention are reported.

Method:

Methodology for acoustic, aerodynamic, auditory-perceptual, and stroboscopic data collection and analysis are described.

Results/Conclusions:

This patient presented to the clinic with bilateral vocal fold lesions resulting in moderate dysphonia characterized by breathiness, roughness, and vocal strain. Acoustic measures supported auditory-perceptual assessment indicating that vocal quality was moderately dysphonic, and aerodynamic measures suggested vocal hyperfunction. Stroboscopic evaluation was limited due to patient's age; however, reduced vocal fold oscillation and hourglass glottic closure were observed. Therapeutic probes indicated that the patient was a good candidate for voice therapy, and a course of six sessions was completed. Repeat evaluation indicated improvements in auditory-perceptual and acoustic voice measures.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21568947
Hierarchical optimization of current‐limiting devices with discrete parameters in multi‐terminal DC power grids
Authors: Mei Jun , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhang Bingtian , Zhang Sen , Lei Liupeng , Guo Jiawei
Published: November 2022

Optimizing current‐limiting devices (CLDs) in multi‐terminal DC grids is essential to limit the fault current while reducing the cost of devices. However, current studies mainly focus on optimizing CLDs based on continuous parameters in simple DC grids, which cannot meet the optimal efficiency demand of CLDs in complex multi‐terminal DC grids and results in each CLD needing to be customized separately, increasing the production cost of devices. Therefore, to improve the optimal efficiency under complex multi‐terminal DC grids, the principle of fault area division based on the coupled degree of converter and DC grid and the corresponding hierarchical optimal implementation schemes of CLDs are proposed first. Then, the effects of CLD parameters on the fault current are analysed, and their sensitive ranges of current‐limiting are revealed. In combination with the error range of inductance, the principle of discrete parameter design of current‐limiting inductance parameters is put forward. Next, the discrete parameters of CLDs are optimized by an intelligence algorithm. Finally, the hierarchical optimal method of CLDs based on discrete parameters is validated on a six‐terminal DC grid in PSCAD/EMTDC. The proposed method can satisfy the demand of current‐limiting, which is more in line with the standardization requirements in practice.
Fast intensive crowd counting model of Internet of Things based on multi‐scale attention mechanism
Authors: Liu Dong , Wang Zhiyong , Meng Xiangjia
Published: November 2022

Object detection based on deep learning plays an important role in the application of the Internet of Things (IoT). Traditional methods consume a lot of computing resources and cannot be well deployed in the IoT environment. A lightweight object detection method based on attention mechanism is proposed and applied to crowd counting. In view of the low accuracy and poor real‐time performance of multi‐scale crowd detection, we design a crowd counting model based on YOLO v5, and apply it to the IoT environment. It is proposed to insert the transformer into the YOLO v5 backbone network. Based on the multi‐head attention mechanism in the transformer encoder, the global dependency is modelled to make full use of the context information. The CNN is used to realize the fusion of multi‐scale feature maps, and the feature enhancement modules concerned by the attention network are further counted. Experiments show that it can not only detect multi‐scale targets, but also achieve real‐time performance in video surveillance scenes.
Implementation of optical neural network based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer array
Authors: Du Yanan , Su Kang , Yuan Xinxin , Li Tuo , Liu Kai , Man Hongtao , Zou Xiaofeng
Published: November 2022

Compared with electrons, photons have the potential to realise ultra‐high speed operations because of its unique high speed and high parallelism. In recent years, there have been many researches on neural networks using optical hardware. The Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and micro‐ring resonator (MRR) are commonly used as optical devices to realise linear operation units in optical neural networks (ONN). MZI has the advantages of simple fabrication, high sensitivity, and easy integration, which has attracted the attention of researchers. We summarise the implementation methods of ONN matrix multiplication based on MZI, the implementation methods of non‐linear activation, and the on‐chip training methods. We first summarise the researches on matrix multiplication of ONN based on MZI. Three kinds of MZI grid decomposition methods, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) grid structures, and the corresponding derivation processes are introduced, respectively. Then, several experimental implementations of ONN based on MZI are summarised, and the characteristics of optical processors fabricated in these references are analysed. Finally, the realisation methods of non‐linear activation and on‐chip training of silicon ONN are introduced, respectively.
Collision detection for N-body Kepler systems
Authors: Visser P. M.
Published: November 2022

Context. In a Keplerian system, a large number of bodies orbit a central mass. Accretion disks, protoplanetary disks, asteroid belts, and planetary rings are examples. Simulations of these systems require algorithms that are computationally efficient. The inclusion of collisions in the simulations is challenging but important.

Aims. We intend to calculate the time of collision of two astronomical bodies in intersecting Kepler orbits as a function of the orbital elements. The aim is to use the solution in an analytic propagator (N-body simulation) that jumps from one collision event to the next.

Methods. We outline an algorithm that maintains a list of possible collision pairs ordered chronologically. At each step (the soonest event on the list), only the particles created in the collision can cause new collision possibilities. We estimate the collision rate, the length of the list, and the average change in this length at an event, and study the efficiency of the method used.

Results. We find that the collision-time problem is equivalent to finding the grid point between two parallel lines that is closest to the origin. The solution is based on the continued fraction of the ratio of orbital periods.

Conclusions. Due to the large jumps in time, the algorithm can beat tree codes (octree and k-d tree codes can efficiently detect collisions) for specific systems such as the Solar System with N < 108. However, the gravitational interactions between particles can only be treated as gravitational scattering or as a secular perturbation, at the cost of reducing the time-step or at the cost of accuracy. While simulations of this size with high-fidelity propagators can already span vast timescales, the high efficiency of the collision detection allows many runs from one initial state or a large sample set, so that one can study statistics.
Study on applicability of data collection frequency for heavy-duty vehicles based on remote monitoring
Authors: Zhen Kai , Li Gang , Ji Zhe , Liu Baoxian , Yang Yanyan , Qin Kongjian , Guo Kuiyuan
Published: November 2022

The remote online system of heavy-duty vehicles is composed of vehicle terminal and monitoring platform based on the specified communication protocol, data format and data transmission frequency, which is an important embodiment of heavy-duty vehicle pollution control in the application for Internet of Vehicles. The influence of different collection frequencies and compute cycles on vehicle energy consumption and emission calculation is studied in this paper. The calculation errors of mileage, vehicle fuel consumption per 100 kilometers and emission factors of 14 collection frequencies and 7 compute cycles were calculated by continuously monitoring the emission and energy consumption data for 10 heavy-duty vehicles uploaded in 1 month. The result shows that decreasing the data collection frequency will lead to the increase of error and the decrease of correlation, while increasing the computing cycle can reduce the error. When the calculation error is 1%, 5% and 10%, the collection frequency shall be at least 0.5Hz, 0.2Hz and 0.1Hz, and the computing cycle shall be greater than 1800 seconds, 3600 seconds and 7200 seconds. The study content of this paper provides the theoretical foundation for the application and storage of remote monitoring data of heavy-duty vehicles, and provides a solution to the waste of data storage space caused by the problem of remote monitoring big data set.
Research on the impact of new OBD diagnostic items on the emission of China 6 light-duty vehicles
Authors: Liu Le , Yang Zhengjun , Zou Xionghui , Wang Yuwei , Ling Jian , Zhao Haiguang
Published: November 2022

The new diagnostic items such as fuel system, VVT and cold start emission reduction strategy are tested for several vehicles meeting the requirements of the China 6 emission standards of light-duty vehicles. The test results show that the fuel system fault will increase the emissions of NMHC, NOx, CO and other pollutants by 0.7-7.5 times, and the emissions of lean mixture, rich mixture and uneven cylinder to cylinder faults will increase to different degrees; VVT fault will increase NMHC and CO emissions by 1.2-2.9 times and NOx by 1.6-6.1 times; The failure of cold start emission reduction strategy will increase NMHC, NOx and CO emissions by 4.2-9.0 times and NOx by 2.1-2.2 times; It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of these diagnostic items and tighten the requirements in the future emission standards.
Experimental study on working capacity of carbon canister based on Euro VI
Authors: Sun Jiaxing , Yang Zhengjun , Peng Di , Zhong Chongzhi , Zhang Taiyu , Li Zhe
Published: November 2022

In order to study the gasoline working capacity and durability of the carbon canister, the gasoline working capacity test of the carbon canister was conducted under different test conditions. The results showed that the gasoline working capacity of the canister carbon decreased with the increase of fuel vapor loading rate. The fuel vapor volume ratio of the inlet has little effect on the gasoline working capacity. After 300 gasoline working capacity test cycles, the working capacity of butane decreased by about 20%. The fuel vapor adsorption amount in first cycle of each carbon canister is far greater than the desorption amount in first cycle, and also far greater than the adsorption and desorption amount in the subsequent cycles, which indicated that a large amount of fuel vapor occupied the active sites after the first use of the carbon canister and cannot desorb.
Analysis on the difference of DC energy consumption of electric vehicles under repeat cycles
Authors: Sun Long , Wang Yuwei , Zhang Dongyu , Yuan Xinmei , Bao Bo
Published: November 2022

In order to avoid the problem of too many AC energy consumption cycles and time-consuming for the standard electric vehicle driving range test, the DC energy consumption test can be used to obtain the energy consumption of the test cycle at any time period and estimate the driving range. However, the rationality of intercepting part of the circulating DC energy consumption to estimate the whole process still lacks sufficient experimental support. Therefore, in this paper, two different electric vehicle prototypes were selected, and a complete energy consumption test experiment was carried out according to the standard test process. Through the test of DC energy consumption, the difference characteristics of electric vehicle driving braking energy and energy consumption under repeated cycles were analyzed. The fluctuation range provides data support for the use of DC power to evaluate the energy consumption of electric vehicles
Accessibility analysis of battery electric vehicles: A case study of Beijing Tianjin Hebei
Authors: Peng Ziwei , Yang Yang , Wu Rui , Tan Xiaoyu , Xu Honglei
Published: November 2022

By considering the symbiosis between rest behavior with charging behavior during intercity traveling, the inconvenience of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) confined by the battery capacity can be relieved. This paper proposed a quantitative analysis method for revealing this phenomenon from an accessibility perspective. This proposed method involved a calculation model of intercity travel time for electric vehicle by considering the current configuration of electric vehicle charging facilities and energy consumption with travel speed. Based on the highway network and charging pile network in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, a case study has been analyzed to verify the feasibility of the model. The results show that the accessibility performance of BEVs and fuel vehicles is close in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, which has relatively perfect charging facilities. And by joint the charging behavior and rest behavior, there is almost no difference between BEV models with a large range and advanced charging technology and fuel vehicles in intercity travel. In addition, the charging facilities along the expressway in the region can basically satisfy the experience of intercity travel for BEVs, and further increasing the number of charging stations cannot significantly improve the accessibility of electric vehicles.
Research on NH3-SCR reductant technology progress for diesel vehicles
Authors: Liu Yue , Ni Hong , Li Gang , Zhi Dafeng
Published: November 2022

This paper describes the technical principle, research status and application status of four reducing agents (aqueous urea solution, solid ammonium salt, solid ammonia compound and liquid ammonia) which supply NH3 for SCR of diesel vehicles, introduces the replacement methods of solid ammonia, and analyzes the application feasibility of liquid ammonia. A comprehensive comparative study of the four reducing agents is carried out in terms of storage and validity requirements, low temperature performance, ammonia storage capacity, replacement mode, replacement frequency, safety, cost and future application prospect. It is found that the ammonia storage density of solid ammonia and liquid ammonia is 2.5 ~ 3.5 times of that of aqueous urea solution. And there is no significant difference in the theoretical use cost of several reducing agents, however, the actual use cost of aqueous urea solution is higher than the theoretical value on account of its actual decomposition rate less than 100%. The analysis shows that the requirements for NH3-SCR reductant technology in the future are excellent low temperature supply capacity, small space occupation, convenient use, low cost and guaranteed quality, and etc. As a traditional technology, aqueous urea solution is easy to crystallize at low temperature and can not meet the requirements of low temperature performance. Solid ammonium salt also has the problem of crystallization at low temperature. Solid ammonia compounds meet the above requirements, and the market application is gradually mature. If liquid ammonia wants to be applied in large-scale engineering, its safety problem of storage tank should be solved.
Study on the carbon peaking system and mechanism of the transportation industry—Lessons from Inner Mongolia
Authors: Li Mingjun , Yue Dan , Yang Daoyuan , Li Na , Wu Rui , Gao Yuan , Bai Yahui , Huang Quansheng , Zhang Hongwei , Xu Honglei
Published: November 2022

Transportation is one of the important fields of carbon emission. Promoting the Carbon Peak in transportation industry is a key point to accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation and promote the high-quality development of the transportation industry. The transportation sector covers a wide range of fields, and there are many coordination departments. The local transportation authorities still lack a strong grasp in carrying out the Carbon Peak work. It is urgent to further improve the Carbon Peak system and mechanism in the transportation sector. This paper refines the current situation and characteristics of carbon emission in the transportation field of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, summarizes the progress of Carbon Peak in the transportation field, analyzes the constraints of the system and mechanism of Carbon Peak in the transportation field, and puts forward suggestions to further improve the system and mechanism of carbon emission reduction in the transportation field of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Analysis on the performances of the GNSS tropospheric delay correction models
Authors: Liu Jiaxi , Chang Zhanqiang , Zheng Haoxin
Published: November 2022

Tropospheric delay is one of the important factors affecting GNSS positioning accuracy, and there are different ways to deal with the multiple measurement situations. In short baseline measurements, the difference method is commonly used to eliminate tropospheric errors. However, it cannot be used in long baseline measurements or complex weather since it still has great influences on precision measurement after difference calculation. Therefore, modelling method is usually used to reduce tropospheric delay. As it is well known, there are three types of commonly used tropospheric delay correction models, which are suitable for different situations. When any model is used to solve the tropospheric delay in a large scale, there is always an error between the model value and the actual one. In order to investigate the applicability of the three models in different atmospheric conditions, we actually used the measured meteorological data provided by IGS (International GNSS Service) stations as a reference, and then calculated the ZTD (Zenith Tropospheric Delay) with the different models, including Hopfield model, Saastamoinen model and Black model. The calculation results indicate that Saastamoinen model is the most robust and practical model.
Experimental study on combustion optimization of four-corner tangential boiler for alleviating high temperature corrosion
Authors: Wang Ke , Song Youli
Published: November 2022

In order to reduce the volume fraction of H2S in the water wall area of the four-corner tangential boiler and achieve the purpose of alleviating the high temperature corrosion of the water wall, a thorough test was carried out on the 600MW boiler. The results show that the high temperature corrosion of the water wall under high load is obviously more serious than that under low load, the high temperature corrosion of the water wall of the front wall is more serious than that of the other walls, and the high temperature corrosion of the furnace wall area downstream of the burner is generally higher than that of the other walls. Other areas. The reason for this phenomenon is that the uniformity of the pulverized coal quantity in each pulverized tube is large, the air distribution is unreasonable, the primary and secondary air are separated, and the secondary air cannot completely cover the primary air; The uniformity of pulverized coal distribution, the proper increase of the total air volume, and the proper increase of the perimeter air volume can significantly reduce the volume fraction of H2S in the water wall area and alleviate high temperature corrosion.
Informatization construction of ecological civilization evaluation based on data mining technology
Authors: Yang Yaoming
Published: November 2022

At present, the research on ecological civilization city construction in China is in the stage of blooming. The evaluation of ecological civilization, the indicator system and the implementation path are all in the preliminary stage of research, and a unified and complete understanding has not yet been formed. The purpose of this paper is to study the informatization construction of ecological civilization evaluation based on data mining technology. On the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the current research status of the development of ecological civilization, using the combination of subjective and objective screening methods, comprehensively considering the construction of ecological civilization, the evaluation index system suitable for the construction of ecological civilization is analyzed. This paper builds an ecological civilization evaluation system based on data mining technology, uses the system to evaluate the efficiency of ecological civilization construction in M province, and guides the construction of ecological civilization in China. Through the evaluation results, it enriches the understanding of ecological civilization construction, and scientifically grasps development advantages, providing the government with accurate and effective evaluation tools.
Research on the sustainability of emergency supply chain based on evolutionary game and catastrophe theory
Authors: Wen Xiao , Yang Bin
Published: November 2022

In the post-COVID-19 era, the market for emergency medical supplies has shrunk, and related production capacity is rapidly overcapacity.The supply chain is at risk of interruption. First, we analyzed the decision-making behavior of supply chain members from the perspective of evolutionary game, and used the probability density function to transform the game model into a sharp mutation model; secondly, we simulated the impact of factors such as cooperative income on catastrophe phenomena; finally, we introduced capacity reserves to advise on the sustainability of emergency supply chains. The results show that: ①There is a set of divergence points in the emergency supply chain system. When the parameter combination is located in the set sum, the system is prone to mutation phenomenon; ②Before the supply chain state changes abruptly, the cooperation income of the supply chain is increased, and the initial cooperation among members is improved. Probability is the main idea to ensure the sustainability of the supply chain; ③Capacity reserves are conducive to stabilizing cooperation among members, but factors such as reserve scale should also be avoided in the collection of divergence points.
Modeling H-bridge inverter based on PI control and its nonlinear dynamic behaviour
Authors: Ding Tian , Zhang Yanchi , Ju Pengfei , Liao Wanting , Fang Jun
Published: November 2022

In the H-bridge inverter, the control and circuit topology parameters are the key factors affecting its dynamic stability, and the changes of each parameter have different effects on the stability of the system. This paper takes the current-controlled first-order H-bridge passive inverter based on PI control as the research object. Firstly, based on the different modal of the circuit, an accurate discrete iterative mapping model of the H-bridge inverter is derived according to the stroboscopic mapping principle. Then iterate through the above iterative formula, after retaining the data of the current peak value, the dynamic bifurcation diagram on the control parameters of the system is obtained, with the bifurcation behavior and stable working area of the system being analysed when the control parameters change, and verified by the current folding diagram the correctness of the analysis. Finally, according to the same method, the influence of other parameters on the system stability is studied. The research results show that when different parameters change, there are critical maximum or minimum values to keep the system running stably.
Collaborative optimization of truck appointment system and yard cranes allocation based on ship time window
Authors: Li Xiang , Ding Yi
Published: November 2022

With the rapid growth of the global container trade volume and the trend of large-scale container ships. The collection and distribution port efficiency and capacity of container terminals in various countries are facing huge challenges. Due to the randomness of most of the trucks entering the port, container terminals often face the problem of traffic congestion caused by the centralized arrival of trucks in the port and the load operation of the yard operation equipment. Therefore, terminal operators urgently need to manage and optimize all aspects of terminal collection and distribution operations. This paper proposes a truck appointment system that simultaneously considers the time window of the ships and the allocation plan of the yard crans, so as to reasonably allocate the arrival time of each truck and the amount of appointment quota. By means of shortening the time window of each ship’s and rationally allocating the yard cranes operations in the blocks, human and material resources can be fully utilized, so as to alleviate the traffic pressure in the container terminal, shorten the waiting time of ships and trucks, and reduce the cost of terminal operators.
Establishment and analysis of urban talent attraction evaluation model
Authors: Jiang Jiaxu , Mei Zhiyuan , Tian Jiahao
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, the attraction to talents has become increasingly prodominent in determing the future development prospect of cities. How to quantify the attractiveness of cities to talents is an important issue in evaluating the comprehensive competitiveness of cities. This paper takes Xi’an and other emerging first-tier cities in China as the main research object, and classifies the indicators that affect the attractiveness of urban talents into five specific categories. A set of evaluation models are constructed by using entropy weight method, information entropy method and TOPSIS algorithm. The different indicators that measure the level of urban development are normalized and weighted to obtain the attractiveness index of urban talents to describe the attractiveness of talents in cities with similar development levels. To prove the rationality of the model, we apply this evaluation model to different cities and test its stability.
Research on drought prediction model of LSTM with elevation of water
Authors: Fu Yunxuan
Published: November 2022

The Drought is one of the most widespread and damaging natural phenomena in the world and have been increasing around the world in recent years. A drought is a persistent shortage of water caused by an imbalance in water supply and demand. The water shortage can be manifested as insufficient precipitation, lack of soil moisture or low elevation of water of rivers and lakes. So, in this paper, according to the recent drought period and the elevation of water data of Lake Mead, the drought prediction model of the elevation of water used long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network was established to predict the elevation of water of Lake Mead in 2025, 2030, and 2050 and drought prediction respectively. The results show that the drought prediction model of the elevation of water used LSTM has the high accuracy in the data set.