bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying a BRCA2 c.5722_5723del mutation in a Han-Chinese family with breast cancer
Authors: Guo Yi , Wang Peng , Li Xiaorong , Zhu Shaihong , Xu Hongbo , Li Shizhou , Deng Hao , Yuan Lamei
Published: April 2019

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female cancer found worldwide. It is responsible for 25% of all cancer patients in females. Hereditary BC accounts for about 5–10% of all BC cases. The breast cancer 1 gene (BRCA1) and the breast cancer 2 gene (BRCA2) are the two most-studied BC susceptibility genes. Genetic testing for disease-causing mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and other BC susceptibility genes is strongly recommended for members of families having a BC family history. The present study found a heterozygous c.5722_5723del mutation in the BRCA2 exon 11 of a large Han-Chinese BC family using whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. It may cause DNA double-strand breaks repair dysfunction by disturbing homologous recombination, further resulting in BC. The study findings may help supplement and further improve genetic testing strategies and BC risk estimation methodologies in China.
Anti-depressant effects of oil from fructus gardeniae via PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling
Authors: Ruan Jie , Liu Li , Shan Xin , Xia Baomei , Fu Qiang
Published: April 2019

The dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was usually applied as an herb medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It was suggested that the Gardenia jasminoides oil extract (oil from Fructus Gardeniae [OFG]) might serve as a potential treatment for depression, whereas its pathogenesis still remained not fully understood. The present research was conducted to evaluate the anti-depressive effect of OFG in mice and explore its potential mechanism. The OFG and ketamine (KET) were intragastrically and intraperitoneally treated, respectively. Thereafter, the animals were subjected to the behavior tests. The expressions of protein kinase A (PKA), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in hippocampus were detected by Western blot. The selective PKA inhibitor H-89 was also applied to confirm the mechanism. As a result, OFG and KET treatment improved the behavior performance. Furthermore, the administrations of OFG effectively enhanced the expressions of PKA, p-CREB, and BDNF. With the application of selective PKA inhibitor H-89, the ameliorated effects caused by OFG were blocked, but not by KET. In conclusion, the presented work indicated that OFG-exerted protective effect on depression through PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling.
Research on power‐angle characteristics of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor
Authors: Gao Caixia , Lv Ke , Si Jikai , Cheng Zhiping , Gan Chun
Published: April 2019

Owing to its many benefits, including a high power density, high accuracy, and smooth feeding, the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is widely used in many industrial applications. However, the power‐angle curve of the PMLSM has an obvious left deviation phenomenon, which affects the performance of the PMLSM. Hence, in this study, the basic reasons and critical conditions for the deviation are investigated. First, the cause of the deviation is analysed, and a finite‐element model is established to verify the analytical results. Then, using an analytical method, the critical condition of the power‐angle deviation for a PMLSM is determined. Finally, a prototype of a PMLSM is manufactured, and the simulated and experimental results are compared to verify the conclusion. The good comparison results validate the conclusion of this study. This research on the power‐angle characteristics of the PMLSM will provide a significant reference for the design research and precise control of PMLSMs.
Rotationally driven VHE emission from the Vela pulsar
Authors: Osmanov Z. , Rieger F. M.
Published: April 2019

Context. The recent detection of pulsedγ-ray emission from the Vela pulsar in the ∼10 to 100 GeV range by H.E.S.S. promises important potential to probe into the very high energy (VHE) radiation mechanisms of pulsars.

Aims. A combined analysis of H.E.S.S. andFermi-LAT data suggests that the leading wing of the P2 peak shows a new, hard gamma-ray component (with photon index as hard as Γ ∼ 3.5), setting in above 50 GeV and extending beyond 100 GeV. We study these findings in the context of rotationally driven (centrifugal) particle acceleration.

Methods. We analyze achievable particle energies in the magnetosphere of the Vela pulsar and calculate the resultant emission properties.

Results. Inverse Compton up-scattering of thermal photons from the surface of the star is shown to lead a pulsed VHE contribution reaching into the TeV regime with spectral characteristics compatible with current findings. If confirmed by further observations this could be the second case where rotationally driven processes turn out to be important to understand the VHE emission in young pulsars.
Catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas over perovskite catalysts
Authors: Siang Tan Ji , Jalil Aishah Abdul , Hambali Hambali Umar , Hussain Ijaz , Mohammad Saifulddin bin Mohd Azami
Published: April 2019

Partial oxidation of methane (POM) significantly offers benefits to the industrial production of syngas in comparison with other conventional processes in terms of hydrogen (H2)/carbon monoxide (CO) ratio and degree of catalyst deactivation induced by carbonaceous species. Thus, the increasing concern on commercialisation of POM technology has driven the catalyst system to enter another stage of developing a novel catalyst, namely perovskite. POM is comprehensively reviewed and compared with various perovskite catalysts. Apart from studying process chemistry to understand POM reaction, the role of metal types for perovskite structure on catalytic performance and coke selectivity are also scrutinised and summarised. Additionally, the comprehension of POM pathways and the corresponding pictorial depiction are discussed and provided in this paper.
Purification of biohydrogen from fermentation gas mixture using two-stage chemical absorption
Authors: Nor Azira Abdul Mum , Umi Aisah Asli
Published: April 2019

Research on biohydrogen production via fermentation process has shown a tremendous progress for the past few years. As biohydrogen production is being established, the purification of biohydrogen should consider the process flow for future application. This paper presents an experimental study of biohydrogen purification using two-stage chemical absorption. The research work focuses on carbon dioxide (CO2) removal, which is a major unwanted fermentation gas product via activated methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and caustic (NaOH) in two-stage chemical absorption. The experiment was conducted at low pressure of 1 bar and normal room temperature of 29 °C using a ratio of 1:1 of CO2:H2 standard gas mixture as the feed. In the first stage, 40 wt. % MDEA was activated by using piperazine (PZ) with the concentration between 2 and 10 wt. %, whereas 20 wt. % NaOH was used in the second stage. It was found that 6 wt. % of PZ was required to fully activate 40 wt. % MDEA, which resulted in 79% CO2 removal. To improve CO2 removal, a gas distributor and wire mesh packed were used to create gas bubbles at higher geometrical surface. The experimental study successfully removed 99.59% of the total CO2, producing >99 mol% hydrogen gas purity from the second stage that used 20 wt. % NaOH.
Ni-based catalysts for steam reforming of tar model derived from biomass gasification
Authors: Tan Ru Shien , Alir Afizah , Mohamad Saiful Azam , Md Isa Khairuddin , Tuan Abdullah Tuan Amran
Published: April 2019

Tar formation during biomass gasification is a major barrier to utilise the produced syngas, which clogs processing equipment. In the present study, steam reforming of gasification-derived tar (phenol, toluene, naphthalene, and pyrene) was catalysed by Ni/dolomite, Ni/dolomite/Al2O3, Ni/dolomite/La2O3, Ni/dolomite/CeO2, and Ni/dolomite/ZrO2 for hydrogen production. The steam reforming experiment was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at 700 °C and the steam-to-carbon molar ratio of 1 under atmospheric pressure. After the catalytic test, the spent catalysts were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis and variable-pressure scanning electron microscope. The aim of this study is to investigate the catalytic activity of Ni-based catalysts in terms of tar conversion and their deactivation characteristic. The current results revealed that all the catalysts showed almost full conversion of tar (98.8%-99.9%) and considerably low amount of coke deposited in the form of amorphous and filamentous carbon (15.9-178.5 mg gcat-1). Among the catalysts studied, Ni/dolomite/La2O3 gave the highest catalytic activity for steam reforming of gasified biomass tar and lowest coke formation.
Unknown input observer design for fault detection and diagnosis in a continuous stirred-tank reactor
Authors: Al-Shatri Ali H. , Arshad Ahmad , Olagoke Oladokun , Nyakuma Bemgba B.
Published: April 2019

Early and accurate fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) minimises downtime, increases the safety and reliability of plant operation, and reduces manufacturing costs. This paper presents a robust FDD strategy for a nonlinear system using a bank of unknown input observers (UIO). The approach is based on structure residual generation that provides not only decoupling of faults from model uncertainties and unknown input disturbance but also decoupling the effect of a fault from the effects of other faults. The generated residual was evaluated through the statistical threshold to avoid fault missing or false alarm. The performance of the robust FDD scheme was assessed by some sensor fault scenarios created in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). The simulation result showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Modelling ultrasound waves bubble formation in ethanol/ethyl acetate azeotrope mixture
Authors: Oladokun Olagoke , Ahmad Arshad , Ripin Adnan , Abdullah Tuan A. T. , Nyakuma Bemgba B. , Hadi Nur Amira , Al-Shatri Ali H. , Ahmed Murtala , Alkali Habib , Bello Aliyu A.
Published: April 2019

The separation of an azeotropic mixture such as ethanol/ethyl acetate in distillation process can be enhanced by ultrasound wave. The application of ultrasound wave creates bubble cavitation in the mixture and shifts the vapour-liquid equilibrium favouring the separation of the azeotropic mixture. This study investigates the formation of bubbles in the mixture through modelling and simulation. The results obtained show that bubble formation at low ultrasound frequency is favoured by the increase in intensity, which has a direct relation to sonic pressure. The optimal sonic pressure for bubble formation at equilibrium is 5 atm and conforms to the model for small bubble formation with radius of 0.14 /<m. Furthermore, the maximum possible number of bubbles at equilibrium in the ethanol/ethyl acetate azeotropic mixture of 1 L is 91 × 1015. The developed model can be used to determine the optimal sonic pressure, sound intensity, size of bubble, and possible number of bubbles formed at equilibrium.
CFD study on the effects of different temperatures and feed velocities for CO2, CH4, and C2H4 adsorption using 5A molecular sieve
Authors: Norani Amirah A. , Ahmad Arshad , Oladokun Olagoke , Adrian L. L. Ilod , Kavetha Arumugam
Published: April 2019

The removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas is a practical measure in dealing with problems such as CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and reducing the cost of gas processing operations. Adsorption is a promising technology currently used, specifically pressure swing adsorption (PSA) method. In this paper, the adsorption column packed with 5A molecular sieve was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software for the separation of CO2 from natural gas components, which are methane (CH4) and ethylene (C2FLi). The effects of different temperatures on adsorption time were investigated and the optimum adsorption time was determined by the purity of CH4 and C2H4 at the column outlet. This study will be beneficial for optimising the design and process configuration of PSA.
Determination of the optimal working fluid for the turbine recovering combustion engine exhaust gases heat
Authors: Matveev Yury , Cherkasova Marina , Rassokhin Viktor , Lapshin Kirill , Kortikov Nikolay , Ivanovski Rostislav , Yurevich Evgenii , Vokhmyanin Sergey , Popov Viktor , Akhmetova Irina
Published: April 2019

Microsteam turbine implementation for combustion engine exhaust gases heat recovery and subsequent acquisition of additional power is being investigated in many developed countries of the world. The results of such studies have already found application in some trucks. But this type of turbines is very weak in the Russian market. Turbine installation behind the combustion engine works under conditions of low volumetric flow of work fluid. This leads to a decrease in the height of the blade and vane wheels flow passage and an increase of the relative values of the gaps in the seals which are the reasons for the growth of the working fluid leakages. High degree of pressure reduction when selecting single-stage turbine leads to a supersonic velocity in the flow passage and an increase of the losses due to powerful shock waves. The efficiency of the turbine installation under these operating conditions is low and requires additional investigations. In this work, the working fluids which can give the greatest efficiency of the turbine installation were investigated. It was shown that not only thermodynamic but also hazardous and economic parameters must be taken into consideration. Working fluid with the high thermodynamic efficiency was compared with the one that profitable from economic point of view. The most appropriate substance was chosen and implemented in the microsteam turbine. The turbine stage which allows increasing economy and ecological compatibility of the combustion engine was developed and optimized by analytical methods.
Dynamic methods of identification of electromagnetic parameters of power transformers in non-stationary mode
Authors: Popov M.G. , Bocharov Yu.N. , Gurevich E.I. , Halilov F.H. , Popov V.V.
Published: April 2019

The report reflects the promising solutions for the creation of adaptive protection means and emergency automatics in the implementation of methods of identification of dynamic systems. Presented original research assigned at directly addressing the causes of the sensitivity lack of the transformer equipment protection - compensation for the magnetizing current of the power transformers by linearizing their transfer characteristics.
Ultraviolet inspection for diagnostics of coronary discharge on suspension insulators and lines of 35-110 kV
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Dudkin Sergey , Salova Tamara , Mertens Karl , Cherkesov Gennadiy , Yurevich Evgenii , Ivanovski Rostislav , Fokin Georgy , Vokhmyanin Sergey
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the question of the correctness and sufficiency of using a UV camera for the diagnosis of insulators and 35-110 kV power lines is considered. As a result of the literary analysis, controversial moments and minuses are identified in the existing method. In addition, for its refinement and correction, an experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the TVN SPbPU. The analysis of the experiment showed features and nuances in the work of the camera, which must be taken into account in the UV survey.
Impact of magnetic field on electrochemistry of heavy metals removal processes by duckweed (lemna)
Authors: Politaeva Natalia , Rusinov Rostislav , Karyakin Yurii , Fokin Boris , Grigoryev Konstantin
Published: April 2019

The influence of various factors (initial concentration of the solution, contact time of the biosorbent with the solution, and the action of a constant parallel magnetic field of intensity 4 kA/m (50 Oe)) on the processes of extraction of heavy metal ions (Zn, Cd, Cu) from wastewater with the help of bioelectrochemical reactor - duckweed is in the focus of this study.
Modeling of a new type of reinforcing insulation of 110 kV cable joints
Authors: Seleznev D. , Greshnyakov G. , Kosmach Valery , Loshchakov Igor , Vasil’kov Dmitrii , Kirillov Nikolai , Savin Sergej , Timofeev Andrey , Pankratov Yuriy
Published: April 2019

This article is devoted to the creation of a new reinforcing insulation of high-voltage cable joints at 110 kV. According to statistics for 2016, about 65% of accidents on the cable line occur at the junction of the two cable segments. The problem of leveling the electric field in the cutting is one of the important in the cable industry. To date, it has become possible to create new composite materials with special properties. With this help, a new type of 110 kV amplifying insulation will work on a new combined method of leveling the electric field. Using the finite element method, the model of amplifying insulation (tube-regulator) was modeled. It consists of several components that are responsible for a different principle of leveling the field.
Simulation of control and measurement systems for dc-ac inverter
Authors: Kabalyk Iurii , Gutsol Alina
Published: April 2019

Computer simulation can reduce the cost of creating new technical devicesand modernization of existing ones.This article includes the model control system and measurement system for DC-AC inverter. Control systems for two-, three- and four-level inverters are considered.The models are made by means of computer simulation in the program OrCAD Capture. Each model is built with the help of universal blocks, which are found in other computer simulation programs.The results of research on the considered models are given.These results show the dependence of the inverter output voltage parameters on the change of the control signals mode.
Production of facing ceramic material using cullet
Authors: Kolosova Anastasiya , Sokolskaya Maria , Pikalov Evgeniy , Selivanov Oleg
Published: April 2019

The research presents experimental results concerning the charge composition development for ceramics, used for cladding facades and basements of buildings and structures. The given composition is suggested to be based on the low plasticity clay as a basic component, which cannot be used to produce crackless, durable and frost resistant ceramics without introducing functional additives. The following functional additives were applied in the conducted experiments: boric acid, used as a fuse for the reduction of liquid phase sintering temperature and the increase of vitreous phase amount; various empties cullet, used as a fluxing and strengthening additive, which is the source of vitreous phase, forming the rigid frame of interconnected ceramic particles through a layer of vitreous phase. The research experiments stated that the highest compressive strength and frost resistance and the least water absorption can be achieved when 30 wt. % of colorless empties cullet and 2,5 wt.% of boric acid are introduced into the charge. Besides the research demonstrates the results of determining the dependence of bending strength, density, thermal conductivity, open and total porosity. The developed charge composition on the one hand stipulates the solution environmental and technical-economic problems of natural resources rational use and waste management, and on the other hand allows producing high quality facing ceramic products at a reduced cost and using low demand resources.
Heat transfer from the collective finning of pipes in heat exchangers under asymmetric boundary conditions
Authors: Aksenov Andrey
Published: April 2019

The solution of the problem of the heat flux from the surface of collective finning at various temperatures of its ends is given. The obtained analytical formulas allow giving a quantitative estimate of the influence of the asymmetry of the boundary conditions on the heat transfer through the finned heat exchange surface. Calculated dependencies can be used in the design of high-efficiency heat exchangers for air conditioning, ventilation, and heating systems. The presented results can be especially useful under real operating conditions of heat exchange surfaces. This, in turn, ensures the safe and reliable operation of the building’s engineering systems as a whole.
Improving the properties of composite materials for civil engineering
Authors: Soloviova Valentina , Stepanova Irina , Ershikov Nicholas , Soloviov Dmitry
Published: April 2019

It is shown that a highly-efficient chemical activation of the cement-containing composite mixture with the help of a new generation nanostructural additive makes it possible to develop high-strength finegrained and heavy-weight concretes with the improved strength and deformation characteristics. The recommended nanostructural additive has an increased triple effect: reactive, catalytic, and plasticizing. The use of the proposed additive many times increases the hydration activity of the hardening system, exerting a double energy effect on it, chemical and thermal, thus making it possible to develop the composite building material of a new level of physical and mechanical properties.
Optimization of plastic foam composition for insulation systems
Authors: Pilipenko Anton , Bobrova Ekaterina , Zhukov Alexey
Published: April 2019

Construction insulation systems should provide solutions to the problems of creation of suitable conditions of load-bearing construction elements and whole construction, reduction of heat loss through thermal insulation layer, and creation of living comfort in buildings. The article presents the results of experimental studies, the purpose of which is to optimize the composition of extruded polystyrene foam, the formation of methods for selecting its composition and the development of systems for the use of products based on extruded polystyrene foam. Main provisions of the method of analytical optimization, which allows significantly reducing the material and time costs for processing the experimental results, are also provided. Aspects of the implementation of building systems using extruded polystyrene foam both from the point of view of minimizing heat loss through contact areas and the degree of influence of vapor permeability of building structures on the temperature and humidity conditions of premises are studied. Mandatory criteria for construction with the use of building systems are safety conditions, including both structural safety (including maintenance-free cycle) and fire safety.
Ensuring the rational temperature conditions for concrete hardening
Authors: Dzhusoev German , Orlov Michael , Vasileva Olga , Slavin Alexey
Published: April 2019

One of the important aspects of the production technology of monolithic reinforced concrete is to ensure the rational temperature hardening of concrete that can provide high-quality concrete with a minimum duration of heat treatment and minimize energy costs. The article contains ways to solve the problem of ensuring a rational temperature setting of hardening. The task requires the development of a general method for calculating the temperature field of concrete in a hardening reinforced concrete structure. The proposed method of calculating considers a mathematical model of the temperature field in a hardening concrete structure of any shape with different conditions on the heat exchange surfaces and can be applied in various ways of heat treatment of concrete. For solving the equations of thermal conductivity and kinetics of heat release of concrete, the initial and boundary conditions must be specified. Moreover, the influence of reinforcing and simulation of heat distribution in the frozen basis is studied.
Technical and economic comparison of soundproof wall panels
Authors: Kulakov Kirill , Romanovich Marina , Vasileva Irina , Pertceva Anastasia
Published: April 2019

The world of sounds accompanies a person from the day of his birth and throughout his life. With the achievement of a high level of civilization, the level of acoustic pollution in the world has also grown. Noise is a set of undesirable sounds that are not important and do not carry information. Noise pollution affects human health and manifests itself in hearing impairment, leads to chronic diseases, and also leads to fatigue. In connection with the increased demand for acoustic comfort in the construction market, many soundproof structures and materials have appeared. The paper compares the main soundproof wall panels and chooses the most optimal variant. The main properties and characteristics of the panels are presented in tabular form.
Natural lighting in the premises of public institutions situated at the ground floors of buildings
Authors: Stetsky Sergey , Larionova Kira
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the typical problems of natural lighting in the public premises of different types situated at the ground floors of buildings, in which shops, social institutions, banks and post offices, etc. can be located. The problems of natural lighting of such premises are associated with the use of windows as a screen for various types of information - from advertising billboards to the display of goods, etc. In this case, the efficient area of windows is reduced dramatically. This leads to a decrease in the values of the coefficient of daylight and, consequently, to an increase in the cost of electricity aimed at constant additional interior lighting. The authors suggest an optimum method of balancing the informative and lighting performance of window openings in the premises in question. The results of field studies and decisions about the internal illumination are given to confirm the minimum acceptable window size required to maintain both satisfactory interior lighting and minimum power consumption.
The effect of humidity on the operation of wooden beams of a composite section on compliant couplings without the use of glue
Authors: Linkov Vladimir
Published: April 2019

In wooden structures, the change in humidity affects the deformability and load-carrying capacity of joints and structures according to the criteria of the first and second groups of limiting states. In wooden beams of the composite cross-section on mechanical connections, with an increase in the moisture content of the timber, the structural strength of the structures is affected both by the increment in the deformations of the joints and by the change in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the wood, primarily the modulus of elasticity of the material.
Rotary-screw systems for rotary kilns
Authors: Sekisov Aleksandr , Serga Georgy
Published: April 2019

The proposed paper examines rotary-screw systems for rotary kilns in the production of expanded clay. To reduce the size, reduce weight, increase productivity, simplify operation, reduce energy consumption in the production of expanded clay, the shell is made screw-shaped and mounted horizontally. Technical solutions protected by six patents of the Russian Federation are proposed, the structures of the shells of rotary kilns are shown, which, in comparison with the known structures of similar purpose, are made screw-shaped with internal spiral grooves. The dependence is proposed for determining the speed of movement of expanded clay pellets in a screw-shaped shell of a rotary kiln. A classification of rotary-screw systems for the production of expanded clay was developed.
Energy efficiency of external walls of buildings with aggressive production environments
Authors: Sokolova Irina
Published: April 2019

Much attention is paid now to the energy efficiency of external enclosing structures. The study of this issue is especially important for external walls, operating in an aggressive environment. The author proposed the light polymer-silicate shungizit concrete (LPSC) for exterior walls of buildings with acidic, wet-gas environments. Shungizite as a lightweight aggregate was chosen because of its high acid resistance. The experience of using shungizit concrete on cement binder for structures of residential, public and industrial buildings was olso taken into account. Previously, the author conducted studies on the physic-mechanical properties of LPSC with a density of 1000 -1200 kg/m3. Studies have shown that this material can be applied to the exterior walls of buildings with acidic, wet-gas environments. This article presents the results of studies on the energy efficiency of walls made of LPSC.
Mechanical and physical properties of fine-grained concrete for concrete additive manufacturing
Authors: Udodov Sergey , Galkin Yuriy , Belov Philip
Published: April 2019

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) is becoming more and more common in the field of modern construction. However, for wider implementation of this technology, it is necessary to solve a number of material-oriented scientific problems related to development of concrete composition with targeted rheological, stress-strain, physical and mechanical properties. It has been established that time periods between successful applications of layers play the crucial role in ensuring monolithic features of the “printed” structures. Application of mathematics planning of the experiment allowed establishing the main principles of formation of basic physical and mechanical properties of fine-grained concrete depending on material composition.
The use of finely ground slag in portland cement with mineral additives
Authors: Bazhenov Yuri , Kozlova Irina , Nechaev Kirill , Kryuchkova Alisa
Published: April 2019

The method of introducing of finely ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in the composition of the cement as a result of dry mixing of the material with the additive is considered. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the addition of finely ground slag on the construction, technical, physical, mechanical, and structural characteristics of cement with mineral additives. The setting time was studied, the normal density of the cement paste with the addition of finely ground slag was determined. The dependences of the strength and porosity of the cement stone on the time of hydration of samples are built. The strength of the cement was determined by the national standard GOST 30744-2001. The porosity of the cement stone was determined by saturating the samples with an inert liquid. It has been established that the introduction of 3–5% of slag 1 and 1–3% of slag 2 provides an increase in the strength of cement stone during the first days of hardening on average by 37–44%; at the grade age - by 26–30%, decrease in porosity — by 17–28%. It is shown that the introduction of finely ground slag additives compacts and strengthens the structure of the cement stone. It has been established that grinding GBFS to a size of 1 μm (slag 1) is impractical because the obtained research results are comparable with the results when slag 2 is introduced into the cement composition.
Method single burning item (SBI) for fire hazard of wood constructions
Authors: Gravit Marina , Simonenko Yana , Larionov Arkady
Published: April 2019

This research covers fire risk classification for construction materials in the countries of the European Union and a full methodological approach to the assessment of the fire hazard, providing requirements, characteristics, and test methods depending on the field of their usage and functional purpose. Application of fireproof coating and constructive fireproofing are considered to be one of the most widespread ways to increase fire safetyof wood constructions. The need to improve approaches tothe development and application of fireproofing ofwood materials, methodological assessment of their efficiency providing fire safety are also specified. The evaluation of the fire behavior of the fireproofed wood samples has been carried out. Two methods were used to get the results: Russian National StandardR 53292-2009 “Fireproof compositions and substances for the wood and materialsbased on it. General requirements. Test methods” and EN 13823:2003 (SBI) method.The purpose of test using a single source of flame (SBI) also involves an application of the larger selection model than the standard test methods in order to get the results, which are much closer to the full-scale reference phase of the fire propagation.Several conclusions have been made:whether it is possible to introduce European standards for the assessment of the construction materials fire risk to the national practice and incorporation of the requirements stipulated in the similar European regulations to the Russian standards.
Development of the mechanisms for improving the efficiency and quality of services in the energy sector
Authors: Betilgeriev Maula , Holodkova Victoria , Merzlikin Igor
Published: April 2019

This article is devoted to the problems of improving the efficiency of the energy sector enterprises. The article is devoted to the examples of implementation of the policy of efficiency in the enterprise, as well as the legislative support of these activities. In addition, the article discusses an effective tool for managing the reduction of energy costs – energy service contract. Its main advantages and disadvantages in the framework of the implementation of such contracts for the energy industry are described.
The structural and technical solution for precipitation moisture reducing
Authors: Dzhumagulova Nazira , Smetanin Vladimir , Dinh Dap Nguyen
Published: April 2019

One of the main problems in Russia is an acute shortage of free land for the disposal of solid domestic waste and sewage sludge. The treatment and removal of precipitation is a major problem in wastewater treatment. Urban sewage treatment plants were built on model projects in the 1970s, in which natural dehydration on silt areas was provided. Sludge dehydration on silt areas of sewage treatment plants of medium and high capacity is impossible due to the lack of free land areas. The major drawback of this method is the rejection of significant land areas, contamination of the geo-environment, the release of pollutants into the air, as well as the loss of land resources. In sludge processing and utilization, it is necessary to achieve minimum damage to the environment and to increase the possibility of using it on behalf of the national economy. The adoption of new technology and processing of sediments allowed to reduce the initial amount of precipitation by 4 times and to reduce the humidity from 97% to 83%, the amount of sludge formed at the treatment facilities will decrease by 6 times (from 300 m3/day to 50 m3/day) as a result of dehydration of the filter presses, the will be a reduction in the surface concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere from 5,4 tons per year to 2,9 tons per year.
Modelling of municipal solid waste utilisation market of a resort city
Authors: Kopyrin Andrey
Published: April 2019

The issue is devoted to the method of multi-approach simulation model construction and verification. The model presents the collection, removal and disposal of municipal solid waste of a resort city (on the example of Sochi-city). It allows analysing complex urban system, taking into account a large number of factors and elements of uncertainty, predict the future state of the system, and identify relationships and anomalies. The city management and private companies can use the resulting tool in the preparation of administrative decisions in this socially significant market. The article contains the relevance of the research topic, the definition of the research goal. The choice of multi-approach simulation as a method is substantiated; a cognitive model and flow diagram of the interaction system between the population and the formation of garbage flows are presented. The discrete-event state-chart of the agent-based garbage collection model is also considered, and the model verification procedures performed are demonstrated.
Technology of drinking water preparation using the reactor - clarifier
Authors: Skolubovich Yuriy , Skolubovich Aleksander , Voitov Evgeniy , Makarikhina Inna
Published: April 2019

Siberian surface water and groundwater are characterized by low temperatures for a long year period. Many groundwater sources’ organic composition are formed of soil and peat humus, marsh feeding of rivers, decomposition of plankton, higher water, and soil grass in reservoirs and lakes. Organic colloids in natural waters and in humic substances give the color of water. It’s yellowish coloration of varying intensity. Thus, the Om River’s water color in the city of Kuibyshev in the Novosibirsk Region is 500 degrees with feculence of less than 3 mg/l. A number of underground water sources also have an increased content of organic contaminants caused by peat bogs at great depths and high water colority with low turbidity. For example, the water color is up to 1500 degrees in the Namtsy village of the SAHA-Yakutia Republic. In addition, underground water and, to a greater extent, surface water are often characterized by a high content of iron (up to 20 mg/l), manganese (up to 4 mg/l), and other impurities of natural and anthropogenic origin. Iron and manganese are in natural waters in the form of mineral or organic complex compounds of humic or some fatty acids. In the second case, these waters are with increased oxidizability and rather aggressive nature. In particular, the iron content is 3 mg/l, manganese is 1 mg/l, the permanganate oxidizability is 50 mg/l in the water of the Om River.
Polymer waste as a combustible additive for wall ceramics production
Authors: Perovskaya Kseniya , Petrina Daria , Pikalov Evgeniy , Selivanov Oleg
Published: April 2019

The research presents the experimental results devoted to the charge composition development for the production of wall ceramic products, based on low plasticity clay using additives. One of the additives is polymer waste in the amount of 15 wt. %, in particular it is unplasticized polyvinyl chloride used as a combustible additive for increasing ceramics porosity thus decreasing its density and consequently the load on the basement when the walls are constructed. Besides it decreases thermal conductivity and improves energy efficiency of developed wall ceramics application. Boric acid is a second additive used as a fuse thus reducing the temperature of ceramics liquid-phase sintering and forming a vitreous phase, which increases the strength characteristics and reduces water absorption, and therefore increases the product frost resistance. However the vitreous phase amount is insignificant and the products still are characterized by porosity sufficient for density and thermal conductivity reduction up to the level of conditionally effective thermal performance. Thus the application of the developed wall ceramics facilitate the production of energy effective products, which can be used for multi-layers walls construction providing modern thermal engineering standards and rational consumption of building materials. Herewith the developed materials properties correspond to the requirements of solid ceramic bricks used in Russian climatic conditions and help to combine the functions of bearing, heat-insulating and partly facing layers to a certain extend thus expanding their application.
Greened pedestrian linkage for Yangon central business district with its open spaces
Authors: Aung Myo Thu , Belkin Alexander
Published: April 2019

Yangon has passed a phase of rapid constructional development. This development has resulted in the growth of Yangon over its previous administrative boundaries and in tremendous changes of land use. Changes in land use have led to a growing number of environmental problems and a lack of infrastructure. The negative effects of spontaneous land use pattern, such as insufficient land use and damage of the natural resources along with the urban environmental problems of the mega-size urban area, can hardly be overcome after arising. They have to be minimized in advance by a foresight concept of efficient framework for land utilization pattern of future urban expansion in the Yangon City. This city has higher population density due to more accessible and positive economic situations than other areas. In this paper, the greened pedestrian linkage for Yangon Central Business District (C.B.D.), in which the largest number of colonial period buildings in Southeast Asia is located, is suggested. The essential requirements for the improvement and landscaping links are indicated, and this linkage may be an effective part of the green areas for the city’s ecological framework.
Sochi region city planning for the post-Olympic period
Authors: Dreizis Yuriy , Anisimova Nina , Darakchyan Guram , Karamova Aida
Published: April 2019

Conceptual approaches to development of the region during the post-Olympic period are presented in the article. Conclusions that after the end of the Olympic Games, the region of their carrying out faces the recessive period are drawn. At the same time, tasks of finding new growth points and development of strategy of further development of the region based on improvement under the new conditions of the General plan come out on top in such conditions. The main directions of further social and economic development of the Sochi resort agglomeration are considered. It is shown that further development of economy and infrastructure of Sochi and creation of conditions for its accelerated development during the post-Olympic period are possible only on the basis of the strategized General plan of the city.
Classification of historical buildings façade’s details on the basis of order theory
Authors: Vozniak Ekaterina , Butyrin Andrey
Published: April 2019

On the basis of theoretical works devoted to the classical theory of architecture, classification of details of facades of historical buildings built on the basis of order theory is presented. The main classification features are the location of elements on the facade and the complexity of the form making. The proposed classification allows covering the variety of types of historical elements of facades in a short course, which is important in the training of architects-restorers, as well as architects using order details. The principles of the proposed classification can be used to study the details of buildings of any stylistic architectural period based on classical order architecture.
The monitoring of technical condition of cultural heritage objects
Authors: Akristiniy Vera A.
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the conservation of cultural heritage objects due to their potential widespread deterioration. The suggestion to solve this problem is to create an integrated system for complex monitoring of cultural heritage objects technical condition. The stages of creating a realtime monitoring system with the choice of non-destructive testing methods, the necessary instruments, and tools, the result of which is the formation of a decision-making mechanism for a particular object, are proposed. Conducting monitoring by means of modeling allows predicting the behavior of structures and the building as a whole, taking into account the implementation of restoration measures.
Modeling of transportation logistics processes for the urban environment
Authors: Romanov Petr , Romanova Irina
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the approach to modeling the road transport movement in large cities (with a population of over 100 thousand people) for the delivery of goods from a large warehouse to stores belonging to a trading network company, with the task of optimizing these movements. The main purposes of this optimization task are: to reduce the transportation time; to conduct a rational distribution of vehicles; to reduce the number of required vehicles involved in these transportations; to reduce operating costs for the maintenance of vehicles. The problem statement and its solution on the basis of heuristic algorithms of the Traveling Salesman Problem are given. The article presents a comparative analysis of the most popular methods for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (Greedy Approach, Modified Greedy Approach, Minimum Spanning Tree, Monte Carlo Simplification Model, Ant Colony Optimization, Algorithm of Little) on the basis of experimental research and simulation. As a result of the analysis, it is proposed to use the Algorithm of Little for optimizing of road transport movement in the delivery of goods. The article provides an example of solving a specific problem using the developed calculation procedure and a computer program “Traveling Salesman Problem” (developed in Pascal in the software environment Delphi 7).
Research methods of bioclimatic comfort at the residential area
Authors: Gribach Julia , Poddaeva Olga , Churin Pavel
Published: April 2019

One of the aspects that affect the level of environmental quality in residential development is the wind regime of the territory. To achieve the goal of ensuring bioclimatic comfort, it is necessary to carefully study the distribution of air flow at the design stage. The article presents a description and comparison of the main methods of experimental visualization of wind exposure in building conditions. The work describes in more detail the method of tracer visualization, which is used in NRU MGSU. The article presents a description of the equipment used, the basic requirements for conducting a pilot study and a description of the results obtained. The article also presents approbation of this method on the example of a projected residential complex in the city of Moscow. The paper reflects the main results obtained in this particular study, and the developed recommendations are given as an example. According to the results of the work, conclusions are presented.
Modeling of non-standard geometry of energy-efficient building facades
Authors: Knyazeva Natalia , Larin Vladislav
Published: April 2019

This article describes the approach of parametric modeling using modern software. This decision should help to change the already established rules for building BIM models. This approach became the basis of the idea of using parametric modeling for two main groups in the modern modeling of construction projects: modeling of the architectural appearance of the building and structures. This method can significantly reduce labor costs, and it also can be used to implement non-standard solutions in the design energy-efficient building facades.
Achievements and challenges of contemporary energy-efficient architecture in Russia
Authors: Perov Fedor , Eremeeva Aleksandra , Shabiev Salavat
Published: April 2019

The growth in demand for the clean habitation environment and the need for the sustainable energy technologies lead to the development of eco-friendly architecture in the world. Eco-friendly design is beginning to play an important role in the design and construction of civil buildings. The article focuses on topical issues of energy-efficient architecture and environmental design in Russia. Statistics show that the energy-efficient construction sector in Russia is developing at a relatively slow rate, and “green architecture” buildings are not wide spread, eco-friendly architecture in Russia is only on the initial stage of the growth. However, the demand for ecological buildings has a positive trend. The article indicates the main reasons impeding the growth of “green architecture” in Russia: state policy and legislation; consumer attitude; or those linked to specific environmental economic prerequisites. The lack of eco-friendly education among the population and, accordingly, the lack of knowledge of Green architecture benefits are also perceived as a problem by the authors. The authors make recommendations to stimulate the development of “green” architecture in Russia and improve the positions of the country on this issue in the global ranking.