bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial potential of essential oils from medicinal plants for food preservation: a review
Authors:   Universidade Paranaense, Frederico Camila , Mendes Suelen Sorato ,   Universidade Paranaense, Franciscato Lidaiane Mariah Silva dos Santos ,   Universidade Paranaense, de Souza Stéfany Cordeiro ,   Universidade Paranaense, de Oliveira Kátia Castilho ,   Universidade Paranaense, Faria Maria Graciela Ieche ,   Universidade Paranaense, Gazim Zilda Cristiani ,   Universidade Paranaense, Ruiz Suelen Pereira ,   Universidade Paranaense
Published: August 2021

Essential oils, also called volatile or ethereal oils, are compounds naturally present in plants. Several medicinal plants are sources of these essential oils extraction, besides different secondary metabolites that are produced, such as terpenoids, alcoholic compounds, aldehydes, ketone bodies and phenols. The essential oils usage as substitutes for synthetic preservatives in food has been gaining space in research due to the interest of the populationin consuming healthier products. Moreover, the industry seeks to attend the necessities of the consumers to produce foods with less synthetic additives, but ensuring the preservation of organoleptic characteristics and shelf life. This review aims to present the antibacterial activity of essential oils from medicinal plants and its use as a food preservative.
UN Peacekeeping during Health Crises: Covid-19 and Expansion of Mission Mandates
Authors: Hajira Arif
Published: August 2021

The United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions are increasingly deployed in highly complex environments, working towards realizing global peace and security. The missions face numerous challenges ranging from socio-economic dimensions to even political hurdles. Among these challenges, the role of peacekeepers during health crises calls for in-depth exploration. With the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, the need for contextualizing peacekeeping amid health crises is receiving utmost attention. This essay looks at this challenge, notably during the outbreaks of HIV/AIDS, Cholera, Ebola, and the ongoing pandemic (i.e., Covid-19). It briefly analyzes the impacts experienced and the role played by peacekeepers during the times of these outbreaks. The essay also explores the need for „transformation‟ of peacekeeping missions to counter the challenges posed by health crises. It highlights how globalization has caused the „globalized‟ nature of diseases, and therefore thereis an urgent need for exploration and adoption of policies concerning this issue. The essay also suggests some of these potential measures that may equip the peacekeeping missions to fulfil their mandated tasks effectively. It also points towards the gaps in the literature, whose exploration may contribute towards realizing health crises within the broader roles of the peacekeeping mandates.
Security of personal data: legal standards of the European Union and modern applied problems
Authors: BRYZHKO V. , PYLYPCHUK V.
Published: August 2021

The article is a continuation of a number of scientific works on the state, trends and further ensuring security of personal data in the context of digital transformation and related problems of legal regulation of new social relations in this area. The key aspects of the EU documents approved in recent years, in particular, the GDPR Regulation, the NIS Directive and the draft legal act on e-Privacy, are considered and evaluated. The main criteria and topical issues that need to be addressed in the context of the implementation of EU law and the development of national legislation on personal data protection are highlighted.
Information violence, information мanipulation and propaganda: concepts, features and relationships
Authors: SAMCHYNSKA O. , FURASHEV V.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the concepts “information and psychological influence”, “information violence”, “information manipulation” and “propaganda”, their main features and relationships.
The methodological support of qualification activities for classification, identification and fixation of cyber crimes
Authors: LEONOV B. , SEREGIN V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of directions of improvement of methodical maintenance of expert researches of the software intended for obtaining covert access to the computer information. Within the limits of the article the topical questions of methodical support of measures on classification, identification and fixing of cybercrimes on the basis of the offered methodical approaches in the field of counteraction to cybercrime are investigated. The approach proposed in the article on the study of software involves the integrated application of various research methods, including methods of monitoring the activity of software and the implementation of appropriate types of expert tasks in computer technical expertise and area of expertise of special technical means of covert access to information. It is noted that one of the important areas of improving the methodological support for combating cybercrime is the introduction of methodological materials to ensure the conduct of expert research on special software designed for obtaining covert access to information. The article concludes that the proposed approaches can serve as a methodological basis for the development of methods, tools and identification technology, fixation of cybercrime in the field of combating cybercrime
Improving the legal framework for counterintelligence support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors: KRAVCHENKO R.
Published: August 2021

A comprehensive approach to reforming the Security Service of Ukraine necessitates the preparation of amendments to regulations. The article, based on the analysis of the institutional capabilities of the military counterintelligence of the Security Service of Ukraine, proposes changes and additions to current legislation that expand the legal basis for counterintelligence support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Proposals to improve the legal regulation of the activities of military counterintelligence of the Security Service of Ukraine regulate organizational, social, personnel, logistical and other issues of it`s functioning.
Protection of labor rights of privates and officers of the bodies of internal affairs of Ukraine, dismissed due to downsizing due to the liquidation of the militia
Authors: IRHA Y.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with some problems of protection of labor rights of privates and officers of the internal affairs bodies of Ukraine dismissed from service due to downsizing as a result of the liquidation of the militia. It is alleged that militia officers are guaranteed labor rights, which are defined in the Labor Code of Ukraine and are not regulated by special laws of Ukraine. It is proved that the released militia officers should be given lists of vacancies in organs and units of the National Police of Ukraine. While serving, privates and officers of the militia of Ukraine had legitimate expectations for the long-term realization of their right to work in law enforcement, as well as for the stability and protection of their legal and socio-economic status. It is concluded that the state fails to comply with the constitutional principle of the rule of law in reforming the internal affairs bodies of Ukraine.
Combating terrorism: the EU experience
Authors: BILAN I.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the EU experience in the field of counter-terrorism. Problems of implementation of the state policy in this sphere are explored. Measures taken by EU countries to prevent terrorism are being examined. The national legislation of some European countries on counter-terrorism is analyzed. The article concludes that the current international counter-terrorism policy is characterized by the adoption of acts that take into account the need to criminalize all socially dangerous acts of terrorism, strengthen interdepartmental cooperation between law enforcement and special services of foreign countries, establish links between regional counterterrorism structures.
State security of Ukraine in modern conditions: problems of competence of government bodies
Authors: GORDIENKO S. , DORONIN I.
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the problem of development of the term “state security” in Ukraine, legal context of implementation, adequate definitions for state authorities` competence in sphere of security. Based on traditional theoretical legal definition of state as organization of political power, security of state depends on the components of security such as politics, economy, scientific and technological policy as the foundation of innovation policy. In today's world economics is driven by knowledge. Therefore, structure of innovation economy may be described as conditional pattern “common economy = economy of science + economy of technics + economy of production (real economy)”. The economy in this context may be described as “economy of science (information => information resources => innovations => qualitatively new knowledge => intellectual resources), economy of technics and economy of production”. In this sense state security depends  on political component of economic security. Systematization of competence of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (national parliament), President of Ukraine, National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, local authorities in the sphere of security is far from perfect. The authors argue that the state security is not only within the competence of Security Service of Ukraine according to prescriptions of the law. These objectives are subjects for other state authorities. However, the problems of separation of competence for state powers and state authorities are complex and need following studies.
Features of criminal and legal protection оf state secrets under US law
Authors: РONOMARENKO O.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to determining the features of criminal law protection of state secrets under US law. The system of US regulations in the field of protection of state secrets is considered. The classification of types of state secrets is given. The grounds for criminal liability for crimes in the field of protection of state secrets have been determined. The measures of criminal and legal influence applied to the persons who have committed such crimes are revealed.
THE SPACES OF MYTH IN KAZUO ISHIGURO’S THE REMAINS OF THE DAY: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTIONS OF MEMORY AND HISTORY
Authors:   Assistant Professor, St. Xavier’s University Action Area III, B, Newtown, Kolkata West Bengal 700160., Chowdhury Medha Bhadra
Published: August 2021

Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day (1989) reconstructs the experiences of an ageing butler, Stevens, trapped within the confined space of the house he has served in for many years. The contours of memory are drawn along the spatial dimensions of the house which serve as a space of contestation between traditional values and emergent cultural beliefs in the post-war period. Physical modifications on the architecture produce continuities and alterations within the subject, who inhabits the space. This paper seeks to explore the dynamics of remembering and forgetting which are determined by the sites of memory and which trace historical changes as well as shifts in identity politics in Ishiguro’s novel. The paper critically assesses the idea of space, its functional dimension and mythic commemoration in relation to a symbolic historical past. It examines the development of subjectivity through the expansion of memory embodied in material form and the complex relationship between history and myth-making, which complicates individual identity. This paper further proposes that these spatio-temporal expressions can be understood as not only confined to the individual but may be extended to the domain of public memory and contextualized in a post-war British cultural politics of grief.
Indian Political Democracy: A Study
Authors:   Assistant Professor, DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF GOUR BANGA MOKDUMPUR, MALDA WEST BENGAL, INDIA PIN-732103, MANNA SIDDHARTHA SANKAR
Published: August 2021

Democracy means the prearrangement of governance in which people can enjoy the greatest means of life. It depends on the larger participation of people regardless of caste, gender, creed, men, and women. So far, the constitution of India shaped a democratic state and ensured the right to liberty, equal rights, the notion of justice, and fraternity for all its citizens in society. The political enterprisers who uphold the various ethnoreligious characteristics, mainly the Hindu nationalist beliefs and opinions, have shaped a lot of confusion and bewilderment about the conceptual ideas of secularism. The Liberal democracy still continues as an arrangement of human governance and structure of values that keep on unwavering for millions of people. At the lower stages, the judicial organization took a large-scale initiative in some debatable and controversial occurrences.
An Experiential Study of ‘Conditional Agency’ of Bengali Widows with Reference to the Autobiographies of Saradasundari Devi and Rassundari Devi
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Balurghat College, Shibtali, Balurghat, West Bengal 733101, Chatterjee Ananya
Published: August 2021

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Bengal emerged a new batch of educated widows who were distinguishable from the traditional Bengali Hindu widows because of their remarkable self-consciousness about their peripherality within the social order. The intention of my article is that of disputing the prevalent assumption of the homogeneity of the widowed experience in Bengal society by drawing attention to the heterogeneous individualities resulting from stratifications within these emergent widow populations, owing to different lifestyles, varying degree of access to education, diverse social standings, and various forms of suppression. Rassundari Devi’s Amar Jibon (1876) and Saradasundari Devi’s Atmakatha (1913) are accounts of the experience of widows who were marginalized by society, handed the bare minimum necessities for their existence, and deprived of the pleasures of the traditional experiences of motherhood. I propose the term ‘New Widows’ to highlight how the effects of education modified their individuality in unconventional directions, as reflected in the fictional narratives by Rabindranath Tagore and others. Close attention to the texts shows that the disparity between the aspirations of the New Widow, and her limited reach and frustration results in an acute self-awareness.
Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Loyalitas Brand Wardah di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia Maju
Authors: Lestari Firdha Alwani , Nataly Febriansyah
Published: August 2021

Loyalitas terhadap merek adalah gambaran perilaku preferensi konsumen terhadap suatu merek dengan melakukan pembelian berulang. Hal ini sangat berpengaruh bagi suatu perusahaan untuk dapat bertahan dan tetap eksis di tengah persaingan pasar, khususnya untuk produk Wardah yang telah digunakan oleh banyak konsumen tak terkecuali mahasiswi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk loyalitas brand Wardah yang digunakan mahasiswa kebidanan STIKIM. Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif dimana menjelaskan dan mengetahui bentuk loyalitas para konsumen Wardah di jurusan kebidanan STIKIM dengan cara pengumpulan data observasi, angket kuesioner, dan wawancara. Tahap teknik analisa data yang dilakukan penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kepercayaan mahasiswa terhadap merek Wardah sangat berpengaruh kepada pembentukan kepuasan serta loyalitas terhadap produk tersebut. Kesimpulannya bahwa reputasi produk memegang peran penting dalam melakukan keputusan pembelian ulang. Saran yang dapat diberikan melakukan inovasi baru terhadap produk tersebut.
Students who are both victims and perpetrators of physical violence at a private high school in rural Northern Vietnam: Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates
Authors:   Hanoi University of Public Health, Nguyen Ngoc Binh , Le Thi Kim Anh ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Truong Quang Dat ,   Binh Dinh Medical College
Published: August 2021

Backgrounds: Physical violence in schools is a fairly common problem in Vietnam. However, current studies pay little attention to violence in private schools. Objectives: The study aims to estimate the prevalence and related sociodemographic factors of school physical violence among students at Hiep Hoa 5 private high school in Bac Giang province in Northern Vietnam. Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional survey using a random sample technique with a multistage process from April to June 2019. Main findings: 412 students participated in the study, and the results indicated that 55/412 (13.3%) students were both perpetrators and victims of school violence. While 16.7% of students performed physical violence, 27.9% of students suffered physical violence by other students in the past six months. Experiencing physical violence was associated with sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, grade, exposure to physical violence in the media, time playing action games and witnessing violent events in the living place... Conclusions: More than 13% of students are perpetrators and victims of physical violence by their peers at a rural private high school. This prevalence is significantly correlated with individual factors. The results suggest that a greater focus on young people's educational activities should be provided to direct their development, including preventing physical violence. Keywords: Physical violence, high school students, perpetrators and victims.
Quality of periodic health examination service for employees and associated factors at the New Port Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh city in 2020
Authors: Pham Thi Thuy , V Khac Luong , Nguyen Duc , Dau Quoc Tran , Tran Nhu Thao
Published: August 2021

Objectives: A periodic health examination helps people to evaluate the overall health status, so it is of the utmost importance to each individual, including employees. At Saigon Newport Corporation, employees have to do strenuous, hazardous, and dangerous works, so periodic health examination is necessary. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 436 employees to measure their perception of the periodic health examination service quality via the SERVPERF scale and associated factors at the New Port Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, 2020. Results: Research results indicated that 78% of employees have a good assessment of the quality of periodic health examination, in which reliability was 79.6%, assurance was 79.8%, which were also the least. Conclusions: Gender, level of education, and sector of employment were related to the employees’ perception of the periodic health examination service. Keywords: Periodic health examination, employee, SERVPERF, New Port Medical Center, Saigon Newport Corporation.
Situation of microbiological contamination in bottled drinking water products and some influencing factors in Hau Giang province in 2020
Authors: Vo Thi Thuy Loan , Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh
Published: August 2021

Background: Bottled drinking water has become popular for consumption by customers. Bottled drinking water with pathogenic microbiological contamination is a public health concern. This study aimed to describe the current situation of microbiological contamination in bottled drinking water products, food safety conditions and some influencing factors in production facilities in Hau Giang province in 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted in 2020 using quantitative and qualitative methods. The evaluation was carried out at 54 bottled drinking water production facilities, 108 workers/owners and 54 samples collected from facilities for microbiological analysis in the province. In-depth interviews were conducted with local government officials on food safety, two owners of facilities and two workers. Results: It showed that the proportion of microbiological contamination in bottled drinking water accounted for 18.5%, of which P. aeruginosa contamination was 18.5%; and Coliform contamination was 3.7%; No drinking water samples were contaminated with E. coli. 79.6% of facilities met general food safety conditions. There were several factors affecting the proportion of microbiological contamination of bottled drinking water as follows: Bad compliance with food safety in production for the sake of profit by workers, affecting the quality of products such as trash cans without lids; No sterilization treatment before filling; Non-sterilization in filling room. Non-monitoring of UV lights for replacement; No regular cleaning of water pipes, tanks, and discharge valves; Difficulty in state management of food safety for facilities of bottled drinking water production, such as insufficient manpower, lack of equipment and funding for activities. Conclusion: The quality of bottled drinking water in Hau Giang province was not good. The important factors affecting the contaminated bottled drinking water products were identified. We recommend that: management agencies should frequently conduct sudden inspections and supervisions of facilities with no ensured food safety and strictly handle according to regulations. Owners of bottled water facilities should voluntarily comply with food safety. This study is particularly concerned with ensuring food safety conditions in the production of bottled drinking water to prevent products from microbiological contamination. Keywords: Microbiological contamination; E. coli, Coliform, P. aeruginosa; bottled drinking water; food safety conditions; Hau Giang province.
Respiratory symptoms and some related factors in waste collection workers at 2 branches in Hanoi, 2017
Authors:   Hanoi University of Public Health, Vu Thai Son , Tran Thi Thu Thuy ,   Hanoi University of Public Health, Nguyen Thuy Quynh ,   Hanoi University of Public Health
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Describe the current situation of respiratory symptoms in waste collection workers at 2 branches in Hanoi and some related factors, 2017 Methods: The cross-sectional study was implemented in the first 6 months of 2017. The study was performed on 796 waste collection workers at 2 branches of Hanoi Urban Environment Company Limited. The study used the American Thoracic Society and the Division of Lung Disease-1978 adult (ATS - DLD - 78a) questionnaire to collect and assess workers' respiratory symptoms. Results: Common respiratory symptoms in waste collection workers were: Cough (27.8%), phlegm (18.3%) and wheezing (15.2%). 10.8% of workers have at least one chronic respiratory symptom; 4.6% and 5.4% of workers had wheezing both day and night and wheezing to the point of difficulty breathing. The proportion of reporting respiratory symptoms in workers over 45 years old was 1.93 times that of workers younger than 45 years. Conclusions: Workers exposed to occupational hazards had a higher prevalence proportion of chronic respiratory symptoms than those who were not exposed. However, a significant association between exposure to occupational harmful factor and chronic respiratory symptoms has not been established.
People’s access to information and the practice of COVID-19 prevention during the first lockdown period in Hanoi in april, 2020
Authors:   Hanoi Medical University, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha , Bui Bich Huong , Pham Bich Diep
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To describe people's access to information and the practice of COVID-19 pandemic prevention during the first lockdown in the period from 7thto 30th April. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 319 subjects through a convenient sampling procedure. Online self-administered questionnaires through social networks including Facebook, Zalo, etc were used. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data using mean, frequency and percentage. Results: The most popular information channels which people in urban and rural areas regularly accessed for COVID-19 related information were television and radio (55.6% and 72.7% respectively). The sources of information that the highest percentage of people accessed was the Government's /Ministry of Health’s SMS, followed by social media. People were most interested in searching for information about "Evolution of the epidemic COVID-19" and the least interested in the information about "Prevention according to folk beliefs and methods”. Proactive prevention practices were well implemented during the first lockdown such as "Wear a mask properly" with 99.1%, followed by "Minimize going to the street except in necessary cases" (98.8%) and "Stop non-urgent activities, work from home when needed" with 98.8%. The proportion of people who practiced "Clean the surface of objects with an antiseptic solution" was the lowest at 87.5%. Conclusion: Mass media and the Government information source are regular users to access information by respondents. Therefore, the information channel and source should be taken into account for health education in general and Covid -19 prevention in particular. Keywords: COVID-19, information, prevention.
Acceptability of applying asthma action plan for asthma patients at a hospital in Hochiminh City, Vietnam: an implementation research
Authors:   Hanoi University of Public Health, Le Thi Kim Anh , Nguyen Thi My Linh ,   Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital, HoChiMinh City
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The asthma management strategy at respiratory departments in Vietnam so far does not include the implementation of an asthma action plan (AAP). This study aimed to implement an AAP in the hospital and analyze the acceptability for the implementation procedures of patients, clinicians and asthma management units. Methods: The implementation consisted of 2 phases. Phase 1 was a cross-sectional design that combined quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the asthma control and analyse potential obstacles of the hospital for AAP implementation. Phase 2 was a pre-experimental design to assess the acceptability in implementing the APP. Asthma control was assessed by GINA’s criteria. Implementation strategies included interventions at both organization (issued a procedure and a guideline of consulting the AAP for patients) and individual levels (trained doctors in counseling and monitoring of AAP for patients; provided instruction leaflets of APP for patients). Results: The proportion of asthma sufficient control was 59%, partial control was 30.8%, and insufficient control was 10.2%. Most of obstacles related to asthma management and control were of health facility, such as no concrete procedures in monitoring, insufficiency of infrastructure, overload of patients. Implementation strategies of AAP in this study got the acceptability of patients, clinicians and asthma management units. Conclusion: The study showed the importance of deployment of AAP for asthma patients in Vietnam hospitals. It is essential to provide more staffs for the asthma and COPD management units, especially trained nurses. Keywords: Asthma Action Plan; implementation research; Vietnam acceptability; asthma control.
Large Adaptive Optics Survey for Substellar Objects around Young, Nearby, Low-mass Stars with Robo-AO
Authors: Salama Maïssa , Ou James , Baranec Christoph , Liu Michael C. , Bowler Brendan P. , Barnes Paul , Bonnet Morgan , Chun Mark , Duev Dmitry A. , Goebel Sean , Hall Don , Jacobson Shane , Jensen-Clem Rebecca , Law Nicholas M. , Lockhart Charles , Riddle Reed , Situ Heather , Warmbier Eric , Zhang Zhoujian
Published: August 2021

We present results from the Large Adaptive optics Survey for Substellar Objects, where the goal is to directly image new substellar companions (<70 M
Jup) at wide orbital separations (≳50 au) around young (≲300 Myr), nearby (<100 pc), low-mass (≈0.1–0.8

M

⊙

) stars. We report on 427 young stars imaged in the visible (i′) and near-infrared (J or H ) simultaneously with Robo-AO on the Kitt Peak 2.1 m telescope and later the Maunakea University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope. To undertake the observations, we commissioned a new infrared camera for Robo-AO that uses a low-noise high-speed SAPHIRA avalanche photodiode detector. We detected 121 companion candidates around 111 stars, of which 62 companions are physically associated based on Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motions, another 45 require follow-up observations to confirm physical association, and 14 are background objects. The companion separations range from 2 to 1101 au and reach contrast ratios of 7.7 mag in the near-infrared compared to the primary. The majority of confirmed and pending candidates are stellar companions, with ∼5 being potentially substellar and requiring follow-up observations for confirmation. We also detected a 43 ± 9 M
Jup and an 81 ± 5 M
Jup companion that were previously reported. We found 34 of our targets have acceleration measurements detected using Hipparcos–Gaia proper motions. Of those,

58

−
14

+
12

% of the 12 stars with imaged companion candidates have significant accelerations (

χ

2

>
11.8

), while only

23

−
6

+
11

% of the remaining 22 stars with no detected companion have significant accelerations. The significance of the acceleration decreases with increasing companion separation. These young accelerating low-mass stars with companions will eventually yield dynamical masses with future orbit monitoring.
On the Feasibility of Informative Biosignature Measurements Using an Enceladus Plume Organic Analyzer
Authors: Mathies Richard A. , New James S. , Golozar Matin , Butterworth Anna L.
Published: August 2021

The icy moons of Saturn and Jupiter are high priority locations in which to search for biomarkers of life elsewhere in our solar system. In particular, the ice plumes that jet out through the ice surface at Enceladus provide an enticing opportunity to sample the organic components of its subsurface ocean for possible biosignatures while ameliorating challenges of planetary protection. Extensive high- and hypervelocity light gas gun experiments, the first to model the Enceladus ice plume encounter accurately, have demonstrated that organic-rich ice particles can be efficiently captured using plume transits at and below 3 km s−1 without significant organic destruction. Realistic scenarios for the amount of ice captured and for the ability of organic chemical analysis instruments, especially microfluidic capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence, to produce meaningful detection levels for biosignatures are then presented and compared with results from terrestrial models. This analysis indicates that an Enceladus plume fly-by mission carrying microfluidic instrumentation is capable of biosignature measurements with a sensitivity and analytical capability that is highly informative about the extent of extraterrestrial biological processes.
On Charon’s Far-ultraviolet Surface Reflectance
Authors: Keeney Brian A. , Parker Joel Wm. , Cunningham Nathaniel , Stern S. Alan , Verbiscer Anne J. ,   the New Horizons Team
Published: August 2021

We present the first measurements of Charon’s far-ultraviolet (FUV) surface reflectance, obtained by the Alice spectrograph on New Horizons. We find no measurable flux shortward of 1650 Å, and Charon’s geometric albedo is <0.019 (3σ) at 1600 Å. From 1650 to 1725 Å, Charon’s geometric albedo increases to 0.166 ± 0.068 and remains nearly constant until 1850 Å. As this spectral shape is characteristic of H2O ice absorption, Charon is the first Kuiper Belt object with a H2O ice surface to be detected in the FUV. Charon’s geometric albedo is ∼3.7 times lower than Enceladus’s at these wavelengths but has a very similar spectral shape. We attribute this to similarities in their surface compositions and the difference in absolute reflectivity to a high concentration or more-absorbing contaminants on Charon’s surface. Finally, we find that Charon has different solar phase behavior in the FUV than Enceladus, Mimas, Tethys, and Dione, with a stronger opposition surge than Enceladus and a shallower decline at intermediate solar phase angles than any of these Saturnian satellites.
Life beneath the ice: jellyfish and ctenophores from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, with an image-based training set for machine learning
Authors: Verhaegen Gerlien , Cimoli Emiliano , Lindsay Dhugal
Published: August 2021

Southern Ocean ecosystems are currently experiencing increased environmental changes and anthropogenic pressures, urging scientists to report on their biodiversity and biogeography. Two major taxonomically diverse and trophically important gelatinous zooplankton groups that have, however, stayed largely understudied until now are the cnidarian jellyfish and ctenophores. This data scarcity is predominantly due to many of these fragile, soft-bodied organisms being easily fragmented and/or destroyed with traditional net sampling methods. Progress in alternative survey methods including, for instance, optics-based methods is slowly starting to overcome these obstacles. As video annotation by human observers is both time-consuming and financially costly, machine-learning techniques should be developed for the analysis ofin situ/in aquaimage-based datasets. This requires taxonomically accurate training sets for correct species identification and the present paper is the first to provide such data.

In this study, we twice conducted three week-longin situoptics-based surveys of jellyfish and ctenophores found under the ice in the McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Our study constitutes the first optics-based survey of gelatinous zooplankton in the Ross Sea and the first study to usein situ / in aquaobservations to describe taxonomic and some trophic and behavioural characteristics of gelatinous zooplankton from the Southern Ocean. Despite the small geographic and temporal scales of our study, we provided new undescribed morphological traits for all observed gelatinous zooplankton species (eight cnidarian and four ctenophore species). Three ctenophores and one leptomedusa likely represent undescribed species. Furthermore, along with the photography and videography, we prepared a Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset, so that this study is the first to provide a taxonomist-ratified image training set for future machine-learning algorithm development concerning Southern Ocean gelatinous zooplankton species.
Dernières nouvelles de l’exofictif. Autour des Journaux intimes de Philippe Vasset
Authors: Demanze Laurent
Published: August 2021

À rebours de l’autofiction, Philippe Vasset forge la notion d’exofictif pour emblématiser la série ouverte des Journaux intimes . Dans chaque volume, qui emprunte autant au feuilleton qu’aux fictions en série, il explore les envers de l’économie occulte. Pour ce faire, il invente un narrateur fictif permettant de dévoiler les pans secrets de l’économie. Mais ce narrateur est nourri de références feuilletonesques, de lectures romanesques, au point de rêver sa vie comme un roman d’espionnage. Cette tension entre récit documenté et narrateur fictionnel permet de confronter économie occulte et économie fictionnelle à grande échelle.
De l’empathie biographique. Réel, fiction et imagination dans les « vies de peu »
Authors: Regard Frédéric
Published: August 2021

Tant Emmanuel Carrère, avec D’autres vies que la mienne (2009), qu’Ivan Jablonka, avec Laëtitia ou la fin des hommes (2016) s’efforcèrent de sauver de l’invisibilité et de l’inaudibilité des « vies de peu ». Dans cette perspective, leurs récits choisirent d’adopter une stratégie particulière, l’em­pathie. Les deux auteurs eurent ainsi recours aux ressources de l’art narratif pour se projeter, par l’imagination, dans la vie des autres. Cet article se penche sur les techniques similaires mises en œuvre par Carrère et Jablonka, alors même qu’ils construisaient des images éthiques différentes d’eux-mêmes. Ou plutôt, des fictions d’eux-mêmes, enchâssées dans un réel en attente de recon­figuration.
La fabrique des corps dansants au XIX e siècle : le dispositif académique
Authors: Delattre-Destemberg Emmanuelle
Published: August 2021

Si les enfants ont toujours dansé sur la scène académique au xviii e  siècle, l’établissement d’une école de danse en vue de professionnaliser des enfants marque un tournant dans l’institutionnalisation de la danse en France. À partir de 1783, l’État royal puis impérial élabore un projet culturel visant à former des danseurs professionnels selon une technique et une esthétique : Pierre Gardel, principal artisan de la mise en place de l’École de danse entre 1799 et 1817, dote l’institution académique de règles, organise des classes et recrute des élèves. Mais ce que révèlent l’étude des archives administratives et celles de la pratique, c’est la mise en place d’un dispositif de fabrique des corps. Au sens où l’entend Michel Foucault, le dispositif de fabrique des corps des enfants danseurs se définit par un ensemble hétérogène comportant à la fois des discours, une institution, des règles à la fois comportementales, administratives, morales et répond donc à un projet politique et éthique. À partir d’un corpus de sources variées, il s’agira de montrer comment au xix e  siècle l’Académie de musique cherche à fabriquer des corps à l’image de l’État et comment l’École de danse de l’Académie de musique constitue bien un outil de gouvernement politique des corps.
Auguste Vestris : la construction de l’image d’une célébrité de la danse au XIX e siècle
Authors: Jarrasse Bénédicte
Published: August 2021

Auguste Vestris est, entre la fin du xviii e  siècle et le début du xix e  siècle, une figure emblématique d’un vedettariat artistique auquel accède alors une petite élite de danseurs. L’article s’intéresse au Vestris vieillissant et à la construction de l’image posthume du danseur. Il invite à réfléchir à la manière dont une « célébrité du jour » parvient à survivre à son statut éphémère de vedette, réputée pour sa virtuosité, et à s’instituer, sur la longue durée, en gloire de la danse. Le glissement s’opère d’abord par le biais d’une construction mythographique, qui tient à la puissance du nom, ainsi qu’au processus de transmission, qui inscrivent l’histoire individuelle de l’artiste dans une histoire familiale et chorégraphique amenée à se perpétuer à travers lui. L’enjeu de la réflexion est de mettre en lumière les tensions auxquelles se heurte la consécration du danseur dans une époque qui voit émerger le ballet romantique et en délaisse les talents au profit de la figure féminine, tout en nourrissant une fascination pour un xviiie siècle galant dont Vestris pourrait apparaître comme l’une des incarnations.
Le Ballet au XIX e siècle . Réflexions sur un numéro spécial de La Revue musicale (1921)
Authors: Laplace-Claverie Hélène
Published: August 2021

Le 1 er  décembre 1921, la prestigieuse Revue musicale consacre un numéro spécial à l’art de la danse. Intitulé  Le Ballet au xix e  siècle , ce numéro revendique la nécessité d’une mise en perspective historique, à l’heure où la scène chorégraphique internationale semble dominée par le désir de modernité. Toutefois, plusieurs contributions surprennent le lecteur dans la mesure où elles tendent à éluder le sujet qui donne son titre à cette livraison de La Revue musicale . Se pose dès lors la question de savoir quelle est la véritable finalité du numéro. S’agit-il d’ériger le ballet du xix e  siècle en canon pour mieux lui rendre hommage ? Ou au contraire de critiquer les limites d’un modèle dépassé ? L’enjeu n’est-il pas plutôt, au-delà des aspects historiques et historiographiques, d’élaborer une réflexion de fond sur la nature d’une forme artistique toujours en quête de reconnaissance ?
Comparison of IOL Power Calculation Formulas for a Trifocal IOL in Eyes With High Myopia
Authors: Tan Qian , Lin Ding , Wang Li , Chen Bichao , Tang Qiongyan , Chen Xu , Chen Maosheng , Tan Jilin , Zhang Jingsong , Wu Lei , Zhu Xiaojun , Wang Yong
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE:

To analyze the results of new intraocular lens (IOL) formulas (Emmetropia Verifying Optical [EVO], Kane, Olsen, and Barrett Universal II), traditional formulas (Haigis and SRK/T), and modified Wang-Koch axial length adjustment formulas with the SRK/T and Holladay 1 (SRK/T
modified-W/K
and H1
modified-W/K
) in Chinese patients with long eyes.

METHODS:

In this retrospective case series, patients with an axial length of 26 mm or greater having uneventful femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery with one trifocal IOL model were enrolled. The actual postoperative spherical equivalent of the manifest refraction was compared with the formula-predicted refraction based on the implanted IOL power. A subgroup analysis was performed based on the axial length.

RESULTS:

A total of 113 eyes was enrolled. Using User Group for Laser Interference Biometry constants, the modified Wang-Koch formulas had the lowest percentage of eyes with hyperopic outcomes. The Barrett Universal II, Olsen, Kane, and EVO 2.0 formulas produced a statistically lower median absolute error than the SRK/T
modified-W/K
and SRK/T formulas (
P
< .05). The Barrett Universal II formula produced higher percentages of eyes within ±0.50 diopters (D) of the prediction error than the SRK/T formula (
P
< .05). In eyes with axial lengths of less than 28 mm, there were no significant differences in the prediction accuracy of the eight formulas. In eyes with axial lengths of 28 mm or greater, the new IOL formulas yielded the lowest median absolute error, followed by the H1
modified-W/K
and Haigis formulas. The SRK/T
modified-W/K
formula had the highest mean absolute error and the lowest percentages of eyes within ±0.25 and ±0.50 D of endpoint. The traditional formulas yielded the highest risk of refractive surprise.

CONCLUSIONS:

All formulas achieved good results in eyes with axial lengths of less than 28 mm with trifocal IOL implanted. The newer formulas tend to produce better outcomes for eyes with high myopia. The SRK/T
modified-W/K
formula provided improved accuracy only in eyes with axial lengths of 30 mm or greater.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(8):538–544.]
Stability of the 3D incompressible MHD equations with horizontal dissipation in periodic domain
Authors: Ji Ruihong ,   Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610059, China, Tian Ling ,   Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
Published: August 2021

The stability problem on the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations with partial or no dissipation is not well-understood. This paper focuses on the 3D incompressible MHD equations with mixed partial dissipation and magnetic diffusion. Our main result assesses the stability of perturbations near the steady solution given by a background magnetic field in periodic domain. The new stability result presented here is among few stability conclusions currently available for ideal or partially dissipated MHD equations.
Operational analysis of the national sickle cell screening programme in the Republic of Uganda
Authors: Hernandez Arielle G. , Kiyaga Charles , Howard Thad A. , Ssewanyana Isaac , Ndeezi Grace , Aceng Jane R. , Ware Russell E.
Published: August 2021

Background: Sickle cell anaemia is a common global life-threatening haematological disorder. Most affected births occur in sub-Saharan Africa where children usually go undiagnosed and die early in life. Uganda’s national sickle cell screening programme was developed in response to a 2014 sickle cell surveillance study that documented a high disease prevalence.Objective: This study describes the temporal and financial aspects of Uganda’s 2014–2019 sickle cell screening programme.Methods: National sickle cell screening data from Uganda’s Central Public Health Laboratories were used to calculate turn-around times (TATs) from sample collection to delivery, testing, and result reporting for blood samples collected from February 2014 to March 2019. The parameters affecting specific TATs were assessed. The exact programme expenditures were analysed to determine cost per test and per positive sickle cell disease case detected.Results: A total of 278 651 samples were analysed. The median TAT from sample collection to laboratory receipt was 8 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 6–12), receipt to testing was 3 days (IQR: 1–7), and testing to result reporting was 6 days (IQR: 3–12). Altogether, the sample continuum averaged 16 days (IQR: 11–24). Lower level healthcare facilities were associated with longer sample delivery TATs. Calendar months (January and December) and larger sample volumes impacted testing and result reporting TATs. The cost per test was $4.46 (United States dollars [USD]) and $483.74 USD per positive case detected.Conclusion: Uganda’s sickle cell screening programme is efficient and cost-effective. Universal newborn screening is the best strategy for detecting sickle cell anaemia in Uganda.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 for health-care providers in Arab countries
Authors: Al Shaibari Khaled Sadeq , Saghir Mohammed Ali , Al Hyfi Hyam Abdulkareem , Al Humidi Ameera Abdulwasa , Elnemr Muna Abdo
Published: August 2021

Context:

The impact of COVID-19 on the Arab world has been particularly striking. Less well known are the knowledge, feelings, and behaviors of health care providers (HCPs) regarding COVID-19 in these countries, which has significant influence on the quality, timing, and effectiveness of the health-care response.

Aims:

We evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding COVID-19 for health-care providers in five Arab countries.

Settings and Design:

Using a descriptive, cross-sectional approach, knowledge concerning COVID-19 was assessed in health-care providers in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Sudan, Egypt, and Jordan.

Materials and Methods:

Five hundred and one participants answered nine validated questions, and a cumulative knowledge score was tabulated for each participating HCP. Attitudes about COVID-19 were assessed with ten questions with categorical response choices “true,” “false,” and “no opinion” and were rated with cumulative scores on a scale of “strongly negative” to “strongly positive.” Clinical practices regarding COVID-19 were assessed with eight questions, with ratings of “weak,” “moderate,” and “strong” patterns of practice for COVID-19 screening and treatment.

Statistical Analysis Used:

SPSS software program version 26 was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square was used to study the relationship between different variables. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The vast majority of respondents knew the transmission method of COVID-19, its primary symptoms, and the recommended isolation period; however, most did not know the distance recommended by the World Health Organization for physical distancing, and over a third believed that wearing multiple masks provided additional protection against viral exposure. Country of residence was predictive of COVID-19 attitudes and practices.

Conclusions:

Health-care providers have “fair” knowledge about COVID-19, but they are still in need for further orientation, in line with international standards for protection against COVID-19. Several demographic factors can predict attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19, which may have implications for treatment outcomes.