bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ασύμμετρες διαπραγματεύσεις στην κρίση της Ευρωζώνης
Authors: Κατσιγιάννη Μαρία
Published: January 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή επιδιώκει να ρίξει φως στις ασύμμετρες διαπραγματεύσεις που έλαβαν χώρα στην κρίση της Ευρωζώνης και προσβλέπει να αποτελέσει ένα εργαλείο για να μπορέσει κανείς να κατανοήσει πώς σε μια ασύμμετρη διαπραγμάτευση κρίσης ο αδύναμος παίκτης αποκτά διαπραγματευτική ισχύ σε ένα θεσμοθετημένο περιβάλλον, όπως η ΕΕ. Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να διερευνηθούν εμπειρικά οι παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν τη διαπραγματευτική δύναμη και τα αποτελέσματα των διαπραγματεύσεων στην ΕΕ, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στο Eurogroup, διενεργώντας περιπτωσιολογική έρευνα για τη διαπραγμάτευση του ελληνικού χρέους που έλαβε χώρα το πρώτο εξάμηνο του 2015, μεταξύ της ελληνικής κυβέρνησης και των πιστωτών της χώρας. Η παρούσα διατριβή φιλοδοξεί να συμβάλει στη βιβλιογραφία που αφορά στη λήψη αποφάσεων στην ΕΕ σε περιόδους κρίσεων και ειδικότερα, προσπαθεί να δώσει εξηγήσεις για το πώς κρίθηκε το αποτέλεσμα στις διαπραγματεύσεις για την κρίση στην Ευρωζώνη, βάσει θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων των διαπραγματεύσεων, με σκοπό να εξαχθούν χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα για τις διακυβερνητικές διαπραγματεύσεις που λαμβάνουν χώρα στην ΕΕ σε περιόδους κρίσεων. Παρότι υπάρχουν πολλοί παράγοντες που μπορεί να επηρεάσουν το αποτέλεσμα των διαπραγματεύσεων στην ΕΕ, στην παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζονται, ceteris paribus, τρεις παράγοντες που φαίνεται πως επηρέασαν το αποτέλεσμα των διαπραγματεύσεων για την κρίση στην Ευρωζώνη: η φύση των διαπραγματεύσεων, οι εναλλακτικές επιλογές των κύριων δρώντων στις διαπραγματεύσεις, με έμφαση στα αδύναμα κράτη και οι τακτικές που επιλέγουν να ακολουθήσουν. Τα ευρήματα της έρευνας υποδεικνύουν ότι το καλύτερο που μπορούν να κάνουν τα αδύναμα κράτη είναι να ακολουθήσουν μια συνεργατική στρατηγική και να προσπαθήσουν να μεγιστοποιήσουν τα οφέλη που μπορούν να αποκομίσουν από ένα ήδη προεξοφλημένο αποτέλεσμα που επιβάλουν οι ασύμμετρες σχέσεις ισχύος που αναπτύσσονται μεταξύ των κρατών μελών της ΕΕ. Μεθοδολογικά, πρόκειται για μια ποιοτική έρευνα, στην οποία εφαρμόστηκε η μέθοδος της πυκνής περιγραφής, καταγράφοντας στοιχεία και δεδομένα που εντοπίστηκαν τόσο σε πρωτογενείς όσο και σε δευτερογενείς πηγές, μέσω βιβλιογραφικής ανασκόπησης και συνεντεύξεων.
Short protein evolution stories
Authors: Καραμιχάλη Ιωάννα
Published: January 2024

Η βιοπληροφορική ανάλυση που βασίζεται σε αλληλουχίες είναι εδώ και πολύ καιρό η κινητήρια δύναμη των εξελικτικών μελετών, ενώ οι πειραματικές προσεγγίσεις προσφέρουν νέες ιδέες μέσω της μεταλλαξιογένεσης, της in vivo και της in vitro εξέλιξης. Εδώ, χρησιμοποιούμε και τις δύο προσεγγίσεις για να φωτίσουμε πτυχές της εξέλιξης δύο διαφορετικών οικογενειών πρωτεϊνών, της οικογένειας πρωτεϊνών mempromCC και της οικογένειας πρωτεϊνών κινάσης της ιστιδίνης. Η οικογένεια mempromCC περιλαμβάνει πρωτεΐνες με δομή περιελιγμένου πηνίου-συνδεδεμένου με μεμβράνη, οι οποίες βρίσκονται κυρίως στα μιτοχόνδρια. Η βιοπληροφορική μας ανάλυση, για πρώτη φορά, επιτρέπει τη συλλογική δομική και λειτουργική τους ανάλυση των πρωτεϊνών της οικογένειας mempromCC. Παράλληλα, ενώ ο μηχανισμός της λειτουργίας παραμένει αδιευκρίνιστος, αυτές οι πρωτεΐνες έχει αποδειχθεί ότι δρουν ως παράγοντες συναρμολόγησης διαφορετικών πρωτεϊνών όπως ο μιτοχονδριακός Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), το κυτόχρωμα c και το Photosystem I, που είναιζωτικής σημασίας για την επιβίωση των κυττάρων. Οι πρωτεΐνες κινάσης της ιστιδίνης λειτουργούν τυπικά ως πρωτεΐνες πολλαπλών domain, που περιλαμβάνουν έναν διαμεμβρανικό αισθητήρα και έναν κυτταροπλασματικό τελεστή. Στην οσμορρυθμιστική κινάση ιστιδίνης EnvZ, τα σήματα μεταδίδονται μέσω της DHp (διμερισμός και φωσφομεταφορά ιστιδίνης) και των damain CA (κατάλυση και δέσμευση ATP): Η CA φέρει ATP και φωσφορυλιώνει μια ιστιδίνη στην DHp, η οποίαστη συνέχεια μεταφέρει τη φωσφορική ομάδα σε πρωτεΐνες τελεστές, με αποτέλεσμα τηντροποποιημένη μεταγραφή γονιδίων που ελέγχονται από τον προαγωγέα ompC. Βασισμένοι στα εξελικτικά χαρακτηριστικά που παρατηρήθηκαν τόσο για τη DHp όσο και για τη CA, ένα εξελικτικό σενάριο προέκυψε, σύμφωνα με το οποίο τα δύο domain συγχωνεύτηκαν νωρίς κατά την εξέλιξη της κινάσης της ιστιδίνης. Για να μελετήσουμε αυτήν την πιθανότητα, δημιουργήσαμε μια χίμαιρα, στην οποία η CA αντικαταστάθηκε με τη DX, μια τεχνητή πρωτεΐνη που δημιουργήθηκε μέσω in-vivo εξέλιξης με επιλογή της ιδιότητας δέσμευσης του ΑΤΡ. Πράγματι, μια πρωτεΐνη σύντηξης DHp-DX (DHp-DX1) έδειξε ισχυρή δραστηριότητα ΑΤΡάσης in vitro, αυτό δεν παρατηρήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας μόνο για τη DX. In vivo, η DHp-DX1 αύξησε τημεταγραφή των ελεγχόμενων με ompC γονιδίων σε σύγκριση με μια μεταλλαγμένη και ανεπαρκή φωσφοτρανσφεράσηDHp-DX1(H15Q). Συλλογικά, αυτά τα ευρήματα υποστηρίζουν την σταδιακή εξέλιξη του διμερούς DHp-CA και προσφέρει μια απόδειξη της θεωρίας για την εξέλιξη ενός αρχέγονου ενζύμου.
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment among Rural Women in Turkey
Authors: Ardahan Melek , Topçu Sevcan
Published: January 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in women both Turkey and worldwide. In order to construct screening programs correctly, to identify breast cancer at the early stage and to reduce the burden of disease after diagnosis; first, women’s risk levels should be determined.
Aim: The aim of this study is to identify women’s breast cancer risk levels, the frequency of BSE, and affecting factors in rural women in Turkey.
Method and Material: This cross-sectional study was included 280 adult women.  As data collection tools were used “The Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire” and “Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool”.
Results: Women’s mean breast cancer risk level was found as 137.69±67.56. 91.1 % of women were found to be in a low-risk group. When women’s mean scores related to Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool and sociodemographic variables were compared and a statistically significant difference was detected between vocational status, education level and smoking status.  The vast majority of women take place in the low-risk group in terms of breast cancer.
Conclusions: The effects of community-based and opportunistic national breast cancer screenings on mortality rates and their cost-effectiveness must be assessed. Primarily, individual breast cancer risk evaluations must be done instead of community-based screenings, useful tools must be selected for risk evaluation, screening programs must be performed according to the risk and women should be invited to health organizations for screenings.
Co-Design of a website for women with pelvic organ prolapse: A study protocol
Authors: Carroll Maria-Louise , Doody Catherine , O' Sullivan Cliona , Perrotta Carla , Fullen Brona M
Published: January 2024

Background Despite high reported prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), women report difficulties accessing evidence-based and reliable information about the condition. Many rely on social media and other popular and highly visible internet platforms which have been found to contain poor quality information that is difficult for the average patient to understand. The aim of the study is to co-design an information website for premenopausal women with POP. The website design will be based on the Website Developmental Model for the Healthcare Consumer (WDMHC) framework. Methods A four phase process will be utilised as per the WDMHC framework: 1) User, task and environmental analysis; 2) Functional and representational analysis; 3) Cognitive walkthrough, keystroke level model, heuristic testing; 4) Content based testing, expert testing and user-based testing. Ethics approval has been obtained (LS-23-19-Carroll-Ful). Two groups of stakeholders will be recruited (i) patient group (ii) healthcare professional (HCP) group. Patient participants will be recruited from an online pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) support group (n=950 members). A website designer and HCP stakeholders involved in the multidisciplinary team caring for women with POP will be invited to participate. Both groups will participate in separate co-design online workshops. Focus group workshops will be video-recorded, transcribed and imported into NVivo. Themes and subthemes will be developed. The website will be designed and disseminated to all participants for feedback. Cognitive walkthrough and heuristic testing will be undertaken. Following this, necessary modifications will be made to the website. Participants will then complete a modified System Usability Scale (SUS) and the eHealth Impact Questionnaire, while five HCPs will complete the DISCERN instrument. Conclusion This study will inform the design and testing of an information website for women with POP. The website design and content will be informed by patient and HCP stakeholder voices and the health literacy literature.
Comparison of radiant intensity in aqueous media using experimental and numerical simulation techniques
Authors: Uppinakudru Adithya Pai , Casado Cintia , Reynolds Ken , Stanley Simon , Pablos Cristina , Marugán Javier
Published: January 2024

Background Measurement of light intensity reaching a point of interest in complex systems is a challenge faced by academia and industry. This study analyzes an optical ray tracing method to predict the radiant intensity reaching a point of interest in a germicidal system. Methods Implementation was performed by analyzing how the method compares with the discrete ordinate method, radiometry, and actinometry. This study further quantified the effect of the photoreactor quartz tube on the measured intensity for multiple wavelengths. Results Light intensity losses were estimated to be 10 ± 0.5% for the FX-1 265 source. In contrast, the simulation in a water medium showed an increase of up to 64% in the light intensity delivered to the central part of the tube owing to internal reflections and scattering. Model predictions from ray tracing were successfully compared with the discrete ordinate method (DOM) and experimental data (within ± 6%), ensuring the accurate design of complex systems for water disinfection. Conclusions The data from simulations address the challenges faced in complex radiation modeling and demonstrate that the method can be utilized as a useful tool for optimization and prediction.
Formation of National Priorities of Russian School Geographical Education in the XX Century
Authors: Hlebosolova O.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the description of the stages of formation of the domestic school geographical education in the XX century, their connection with historical events, educational reforms, the development of geographical science, the activities of the scientific and pedagogical community. The features of the formation of strategic national priorities in geography teaching at three historical stages are revealed: the beginning of the 20th century (1900–1917), the Soviet era (1918–1991), the end of the 20th century (1992–1999).
Vocational Guidance and Career Counseling as an Integral Part of the Educational Process at School
Authors: Arhipova O.
Published: January 2024

This article considers the issue of vocational guidance work in schools as a factor in increasing the level of self-determination of students. Professional self-determination of young people is one of the most important state goals of the educational system. The author presents the stages and tools of vocational guidance work within the framework of public projects. As the main directions of career guidance work in school can be defined: professional education, professional diagnostics, professional counseling. The author considers the directions that make career guidance work more productive.
Educational and Methodological Support of the Circle Activities of Children of Preparatory Groups of Preschool Educational Institutions and Primary Schools of the Cluster of Continuous Cossack Education
Authors: Kotovchihina N. , Rabadanova Raziyat
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of the educational and methodological support of the circle activities of children of preparatory groups of preschool educational institutions and primary schools of the cluster of continuous Cossack education in the framework of additional education. The additional education expands the possibilities for a child's personal development, awakens creativity and the ability to work on a specific topic in collaboration with a team of peers, with parents and with teachers. The authors emphasize the prospects of additional education at an early age, in kindergarten and in elementary school, which is important for the formation of a child's worldview. Additional education forms a variety of programs, orients children to different types of activities and different directions of search (practical, project, research), as well as various forms of associations, among which we have chosen one of the forms of additional education – a circle of interests related to the study of the history and culture of the Cossacks. The circle activity unites children, contributes to the solution of intellectual and educational as well as subject-practical tasks aimed at the formation of new knowledge and skills on a specific topic - the history and culture of the Cossacks, studied in educational organizations with an ethno-cultural Cossack component. For the successful implementation of educational and pedagogical processes in schools and pre-school children's educational institutions with an ethno-cultural Cossack component, at the request of parents and children, we have developed a Textbook for the alphabet for Little Cossacks and a Teaching manual for teachers on working with the Textbook. In the article we substantiate the possibility of effective use of the proposed methodology for conducting group work with children of preparatory groups of preschool educational institutions and primary school classes with an ethno-cultural Cossack component to form children's interest in the history and culture of the Cossacks, which will contribute to fostering a sense of patriotism, citizenship, respect for the heroes of our motherland as well as for the country's historical and cultural heritage. The authors of the study offer various forms of training within the framework of the circle activities: practical classes in the form of conversations, virtual and real excursions, contests, games.
El derecho de residencia de los trabajadores comunitarios en paro involuntario y el riesgo de indigencia*.
Authors: Guerrero Padrón Thais
Published: January 2024

Los ciudadanos comunitarios que ejercieron la libre circulación por razones laborales y en menos de un año han quedado en paro involuntario, sea por finalizar un contrato laboral a término o por una extinción contractual inesperada, quedan en una situación muy precaria si en los seis meses siguientes a la extinción no encuentran otra ocupación o empleo. Estos demandantes de empleo experimentan una degradación de su derecho de residencia que puede derivar, incluso, en la indigencia. En tales circunstancias, las acciones dirigidas a la reinserción laboral y un soporte económico como las prestaciones no contributivas de renta mínima, pueden ser la vía para favorecer la empleabilidad de estas personas en el Estado miembro de acogida. Sin embargo, la excepción al principio de igualdad de trato que permite al Estado rechazar su solicitud de asistencia social, debilita su derecho de residencia, hasta el punto que puede frustrar la libertad de circulación.
The enterprising worker: O trabalhador empreendedor: luzes e sombras da promessa de proteção social.
Authors: Christina Nahas Thereza
Published: January 2024

Los ciudadanos comunitarios que ejercieron la libre circulación por razones laborales y en menos de un año han quedado en paro involuntario, sea por finalizar un contrato laboral a término o por una extinción contractual inesperada, quedan en una situación muy precaria si en los seis meses siguientes a la extinción no encuentran otra ocupación o empleo. Estos demandantes de empleo experimentan una degradación de su derecho de residencia que puede derivar, incluso, en la indigencia. En tales circunstancias, las acciones dirigidas a la reinserción laboral y un soporte económico como las prestaciones no contributivas de renta mínima, pueden ser la vía para favorecer la empleabilidad de estas personas en el Estado miembro de acogida. Sin embargo, la excepción al principio de igualdad de trato que permite al Estado rechazar su solicitud de asistencia social, debilita su derecho de residencia, hasta el punto que puede frustrar la libertad de circulación.
Protección social para las trabajadoras domésticas desde la perspectiva española.
Authors: Ordóñez Casado María Iluminada
Published: January 2024

El hecho de que las empleadas de hogar se puedan considerar dentro de los colectivos de trabajadores atípicos viene determinado por la propia relación laboral que se establece en este tipo de actividad ya que, generalmente, no son contratadas por una empresa que las destina a los diferentes hogares, sino que son los propios particulares los que las “contratan” para que acudan al domicilio familiar. Este hecho hace que la mayoría de las veces no exista un contrato real y se vean excluidas de la cobertura de la Seguridad Social, concretamente de la prestación por desempleo y el subsidio por incapacidad temporal. En este trabajo vamos a analizar cuál es la situación de este colectivo tras la publicación del Real Decreto-ley 16/2022, de 6 de septiembre, para la mejora de las condiciones de trabajo y de Seguridad Social de las personas trabajadoras al servicio del hogar.
La inteligencia artificial. Custodia de la seguridad y salud de las personas trabajadoras.
Authors: Macías García María del Carmen
Published: January 2024

La inteligencia artificial, como realidad que se ha asentado en nuestras vidas, se configura como una oportunidad que trae consigo grandes beneficios pero que, a su vez, contempla riesgos y peligros. Ha sido abordada desde diversos enfoques; filosóficos, jurídicos, médicos, éticos, económicos y laborales, pese a todo, no existe un planteamiento desde la óptica y la perspectiva de la gestión de la seguridad y salud de las personas trabajadoras. Se analizará el nacimiento de esta, la carencia de una definición regulada y aceptada, así como su funcionamiento. Procederemos también a realizar una incursión en aquellos dispositivos y programas que en la actualidad están utilizando la inteligencia artificial en la prevención y gestión de la seguridad y salud de las personas trabajadoras, para concluir con una concisa reflexión sobre el impacto, no solo jurídico, de la inteligencia artificial.
La difícil –acaso imposible– concreción del trabajo sexual excluido de la subordinación laboral.
Authors: Vigo Serralvo Francisco
Published: January 2024

Nos proponemos advertir la dificultad que entraña la delimitación del trabajo sexual que quedaría excluido de la laboralidad según la doctrina del orden social de la Jurisdicción que inadmite el ejercicio de la prostitución por cuenta ajena. Para ello, comprobaremos cómo distintos pronunciamientos judiciales han tolerado el ejercicio subordinado de otras actividades económicas con un alto contenido sexual anejas a la prostitución o bastante afines a esta. De este modo, no es el contenido sexual o erótico del servicio lo que enervaría su laboralidad. Descartada esta hipótesis, lo que nos preguntamos en este estudio es cuál sería entonces el criterio delimitador que determina la admisibilidad o no del trabajo sexual en régimen de subordinación. Intuitivamente pudiéramos pensar que es el contacto físico o la cópula, pero de ser así nos veríamos obligados a rechazar la laboralidad de algunas actividades cuyo encuadre en un contrato de trabajo ha sido admitida de forma explícita o implícita por los tribunales. Nos referimos, enunciativamente, a los servicios de masaje erótico, de creación pornográfica o a la atención sexual a las personas con discapacidad. Más allá de estos casos concretos, nuestro principal cometido es el denunciar la inseguridad jurídica que arroja la actual doctrina judicial en esta materia. Inseguridad que afecta a una cuestión nuclear de nuestra disciplina tal y como es el objeto posible del contrato de trabajo.
Consideraciones acerca de la aplicación de la IA en la cooperación judicial penal internacional.
Authors: Fontestad Portalés Leticia
Published: January 2024

El estudio acerca del impacto de los sistemas de inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la Administración de Justicia no es, en absoluto, una cuestión novedosa. Como tampoco lo es hablar hoy en día de la digitalización de la cooperación judicial penal internacional. Es por ello por lo que, partiendo de la consolidación del uso de las nuevas tecnologías para el intercambio de información entre las autoridades judiciales y policiales en relación con investigaciones penales transfronterizas, nos adentramos en la incidencia de las nuevas soluciones de inteligencia artificial en este ámbito de la cooperación entre Estados.
El preocupante clausulado de la Ley Modelo de Neuroderechos del Parlatino.
Authors: Borbón Diego , Borbón Luisa , Mora-Gómez Ximena , Villamil-Mayoral Sandra
Published: January 2024

Recientemente, el Parlamento Latinoamericano y Caribeño (Parlatino) promulgó una Ley Modelo sobre Neuroderechos con el propósito de crear las bases para que los países miembros legislen en esa materia. Sin embargo, los documentos presentados por el Parlatino podrían adolecer de serios vicios de fundamentación teórica, conceptual y científica, así como de contener, y desconocer, importantes debates neuroéticos. En este artículo buscamos poner de presente los principales reparos frente al documento presentado para servir como Ley Modelo, así como del Anexo “Marco teórico conceptual general”. En ese sentido, hacemos un especial llamado al debate académico, científico y político, sin incurrir en proposiciones normativas apresuradas e inadecuadas. Por tales consideraciones, sugerimos no incorporar la Ley Modelo propuesta. Por el contrario, proponemos que, en lugar de crear normas ambiguas, abstractas y generales, se legislen y se lleguen a acuerdos internacionales en materias concretas con base en los riesgos reales de la neurotecnología, de tal manera que las regulaciones verdaderamente protejan. Hasta entonces, los comentarios críticos que desde la academia se han planteado, son una necesaria crítica que disputa el papel de los neuroderechos en el entorno político global.
Noisebnb: An Empirical Analysis of Home-Sharing Platforms and Residential Noise Complaints
Authors: Ozer Gorkem Turgut , Greenwood Brad N. , Gopal Anandasivam
Published: January 2024

Practice and Policy-Based Abstract

Externalities stemming from digital platforms have had a profound impact on the daily lives of people across the globe. In this work, we examine one such externality that contributes to urban quality of life, the noise stemming from home-sharing platforms, which has been subject to aggressive scrutiny by policymakers and the popular press but has received limited rigorous empirical attention. Against a backdrop of significant investment by municipalities to curb extant levels of urban noise, our findings suggest that these platforms are instead correlated with a decrease in noise complaints in New York City (notably when occupancy rates are lower or the residence is located near tourist attractions). These findings suggest that investments in abating the noise stemming from such short-term rentals are less necessary than indicated by anecdotal evidence and are better directed at other forms of urban noise sources, chiefly because such rental units are frequently unoccupied and therefore remain quieter than residential units. However, these findings also underscore the extent to which home-sharing networks may be further straining the already stressed housing market in large metropolitan areas like New York City.
Optimizing postharvest management of bananas in Uganda: a resilience and engineering-based approach
Authors: Ssekyanzi Geoffrey , Park Tusan
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the intricacies of postharvest management in banana production in Uganda, aiming to uncover insights that can enhance resilience and capitalize on opportunities for the sustained growth of banana cultivation. The examination spans the entire postharvest process, encompassing harvesting, handling, transportation, and storage up to the market stage. By identifying the primary causes of postharvest losses and understanding the associated challenges, this research outlines best practices to pave the way for a more robust banana production system, benefiting farmers and contributing to broader agricultural sustainability goals. The investigation explores the core issues affecting millions of lives and endeavors to catalyze transformative change by adapting to challenges and leveraging innovative engineering opportunities. The overarching objective is to ensure food security and elevate the economic well-being of smallholder farmers in Uganda. Recommendations emanating from this research are directed at stakeholders, urging them to scrutinize and reevaluate policies and regulations of banana postharvest management. The intention is to foster an enabling environment conducive to innovation, sustainability, and equitable development in the banana production sector.
The analysis of the development of artistic music in Kosovo from the historical and educational perspective
Authors: Luzha Besa , Kryeziu Breznica Rreze
Published: January 2024

The development of artistic music is connected to the society’s overall development and at the same time depends on the artistic educational philosophy and institutional capacities in society. This is the first time that the development of artistic music in Kosovo is analyzed from both perspectives -historical and educational and will fill the gap about artistic music and music education research in Kosovo context. The purpose of this study is to explore in what ways the historical and societal factors have influenced the development of artistic music in Kosovo, since 1945 to recently. The study uses mainly content analysis of the documents reviewed, content analysis of the transcribed interviews and music analysis of the music works of specific periods. Interviews with persons, artists, composers, who have experienced those developments in various periods of time will shed more light and illustrate certain developments. The study finds that political regimes ruling in the early period 1945-1960 have shown no interest in the development of artistic music in Kosovo, mainly for the purposes of acculturating the Albanian population living in Kosovo, depriving them from cultural emancipation and development. At different political circumstances in other periods from 1970-1980 the focus on education as a tool for national and cultural emancipation, there were opportunities for greater development thus first artistic institutions were created. The political developments in the period 1980-1990 brought back the assault against cultural empowerment of the Albanian nation living in Kosovo, thus after 1990-1999 the artistic music life in Kosovo ceased to exist completely and hardly survived, including the artistic and educational institutions. This study looks at the one-way trajectory, in which artistic music life and artistic music education interrelate and collaborate, but there are different aspects remaining to be further researched, especially in relation to the status of previous artistic institutions that cease to exist further, the artists that left Kosovo and other interesting aspects in historical research about the music of one country. The results of the study can both serve for further research paths and also to be used by the appropriate institutions that manage the creation or maintenance of the artistic institutions that create, cultivate and promote artistic music in Kosovo. Finally, the cultural life in general, but especially the artistic music life and appropriate institutions rebuilt from scratch and new ones are created in a long, difficult yet dynamic and interesting development journey.
The ‘Korean’ Resolution of the Doctorless Village Crisis and the Entanglement with the Conscription System in South Korea in the 1950s-70s
Authors: SHIN Changhoon
Published: January 2024

This article reviews how the crisis of doctorless villages in South Korea in the 1950s-70s was closely linked to the conscription system. In the second half of the twentieth century, South Korea’s public health system faced a dual challenge: the colonial legacy of medical shortage and urban concentration, and the massive conscription of military doctors after the Korean War. The term ‘doctorless village’ was a signifier that reflected these historical contexts, symbolizing the chronic medical crisis in rural areas. Behind the crisis, there as a growing idea of reversing the constraints from conscription and using it as a solution for the doctorless village problem. Initially, the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs planned two alternatives to fill the gaps in the public health network. One was to station military doctors in doctorless villages, and the other was to dispatch civilian doctors in doctorless villages and exempt them from military service. After a series of doctor mobilizations since the May 16 coup, the medical community generally agreed with this plan and publicized it. They developed arguments for alternative services through public health work and strengthened its logic. By the 1970s, the plan culminated in the establishment of the current Public Health Doctor system. In terms of condition and momentum, the introduction of alternative service in other sectors, as well as the extension of the consensus among the government and medical community, accelerated this trend. As a result, the doctorless village crisis in South Korea, which had been a critical issue for a quarter of a century, entered a phase of resolution by utilizing the conscription system as its institutional foundation. It represented an aspect of the ‘Korean’ public health system characterized by the entanglement with conscription. However, another aspect to consider is that it has imposed additional limitation on medical care in rural areas by institutionalizing the public health system relying on mobilization and minimum budget.
The United Nation’s Civil Assistance Command in Korea’s (UNCACK) Public Health Measures on Koje Island during the Korean War
Authors: Kim Youngsoo
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on the health and sanitation projects carried out on Koje Island by the United Nations Civil Assistance Command in Korea (UNCACK). Koje Island was unique as it served as a destination for dispersed refugees and as an area for housing prisoners of war. Unlike in other regions, UNCACK was actively involved in the implementation of health and sanitation projects on Koje Island. Their infectious disease control projects on Koje Island serve as a valuable example for studying infectious disease prevention initiatives and local medical projects in modern and contemporary Korea. In this study, I examine the documents produced by UNCACK to assess the status of infectious disease control and vaccination plans. Additionally, I analyze the disease prevention initiatives implemented among the residents of Koje Island, including isolation, treatment, and improvement of living conditions. Finally, I explore the characteristics of the Koje Island preventive measures and assess the efforts and limitations of both UNCACK and the Korean government in addressing health issues during the Korean War. Despite the presence of refugees and POWs, Koje Island managed to implement systematic public health initiatives in a controlled environment, widely regarded as highly successful. The public health initiatives on Koje Island, led by UNCACK, provided an opportunity to utilize limited resources, manpower, and Korean health professionals, cultivating the skills necessary to manage infectious diseases effectively. Moreover, these initiatives on Koje Island, although modest, continued into the postwar period, influencing medical missionary activities, the demand for health services among residents, the establishment of independent medical institutions, and the implementation of local health projects.
Academic Instruction Librarians' Conceptions of Teacher Agency and Affective Orientations toward the Concept
Authors: Baer Andrea
Published: January 2024

abstract: This article reports on findings of an online survey on academic instruction librarians' conceptions and experiences of teacher agency in the context of their instruction work and, more specifically, on their affective orientations (positive, ambivalent, or negative emotions and feelings) toward teacher agency. Two key dimensions of participants' conceptions of teacher agency are evident throughout this analysis: 1) views of teacher agency as an individual experience of autonomy (individual agency) and/or views of it as more relational and interactive (and thus potentially collective), and 2) beliefs about the feasibility of librarians' teacher agency, given librarians' roles and positions as educators. Participants generally expressed positive affect when they felt they were independently in control of their teaching (individual agency), or when they described reciprocal and collaborative relationships with faculty (potentially collective agency). Participants expressed negative affect about experiences of lacking teacher agency. Almost all participants expressed 1) a desire to experience meaning and purpose in teaching and 2) a sensitivity to the highly relational nature of librarians' instructional work. Finally, the author discusses potential implications for academic instruction librarians' teaching practices, professional development, and work environments.
Heisenberg-limited spin squeezing in a hybrid system with silicon-vacancy centers
Authors: Ren Zhen-Qiang , Lu Xian-Liang , Xiang Ze-Liang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we investigate the spin squeezing in a hybrid quantum system consisting of a Silicon-Vacancy (SiV) center ensemble coupled to a diamond acoustic waveguide via the strain interaction. Two sets of non-overlapping driving fields, each contains two time-dependent microwave fields, are applied to this hybrid system. By modulating these fields, the one-axis twist (OAT) interaction and two-axis two-spin (TATS) interaction can be independently realized. In the latter case the squeezing parameter scales to spin number as ξ
R
2∼1.61N−0.64 with the consideration of dissipation, which is very close to the Heisenberg limit. Furthermore, this hybrid system allows for the study of spin squeezing generated by the simultaneous presence of OAT and TATS interactions, which reveals sensitivity to the parity of the number of spins N
tot
, whether it is even or odd. Our scheme enriches the approach for generating Heisenberg-limited spin squeezing in spin-phonon hybrid systems and offers the possibility for future applications in quantum information processing.
Photon blockade induced by two-photon absorption in cavity quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Feng Ling-Juan , Ni Jia , Gong Shang-Qing
Published: January 2024

Photon blockade (PB) is an important quantum phenomenon in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). Here, we investigate the PB effect in the simplest cavity QED systems (one cavity containing first a single atom and then two atoms), where only the atoms are weakly driven. Via the analytical calculation and numerical simulation, we show that the strong PB can be generated even with the weak-coupling regime at the total resonance. This blockade is ascribed to the two-photon absorption, which is fundamentally different from the conventional and unconventional blockade mechanisms. Therefore, our study provides an alternative approach to produce the PB in the atom-driven cavity QED system.
Integrated self-injection-locked narrow linewidth laser based on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Han Mengjie , Li Jinye , Yu Haiyang , Li Dechen , Li Run , Liu Jianguo
Published: January 2024

Narrow linewidth lasers have a wide range of applications in the fields of coherent optical communications, atomic clocks, and measurement. Lithium niobate material possesses excellent electro-optic and thermo-optic properties, making it an ideal photonic integration platform for a new generation. The light source is a crucial element in large-scale photonic integration. Therefore, it is essential to develop integrated narrow linewidth lasers based on low-loss LNOI. This study is based on the multimode race-track type add-drop microring resonator with multimode interferometric coupler (MMRA-MRR) of the DFB laser self-injection-locked, to achieve the narrowing of linewidth to the laser. The microring external cavity was used to narrow the linewidth of the laser to 2.5 kHz. The output power of the laser is 3.18 mW, and the side-mode suppression ratio is 60 dB. This paper presents an integrated low-noise, narrow-linewidth laser based on thin-film lithium niobate material for the communication band. This is significant for achieving all-optical device on-chip integration of lithium niobate material in the future. It has great potential for use in high-speed coherent optical communication.
LEIFR-Net: light estimation for implicit face relight network
Authors: Li Zhiru , Rong Chenchu , Wang Yuanqing
Published: January 2024

Relighting facial images based on estimated lighting distribution and intensity from image backgrounds and environments can lead to more natural and convincing effects across diverse settings. In this paper, we introduce the Light Estimation for Implicit Face Relight Network (LEIFR-Net), which we believe to be a novel approach that significantly improves upon current methodologies. Initially, we present a method to estimate global illumination from a single image. We then detail our approach for structurally disentangled relighting of faces using pixel-aligned implicit functions. Furthermore, we elaborate on constructing a paired synthetic dataset, which includes environments, maps of lighting distribution, albedo and relighted faces, utilizing a process we refer to as stable diffusion. Our experimental results, evaluated against specific benchmarks, demonstrate the effectiveness of LEIFR-Net in achieving more harmonious alignment of highlights and shadows with environmental lighting, surpassing the performance of other contemporary methods in this domain.
Periodically tunable multimode soliton pulsation in a spatiotemporal mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: He Wen-Yao , Liu Guang-Xin , Zhang Guang-Xin , Li Wen-Jun , Cui Hu , Luo Zhi-Chao , Xu Wen-Cheng , Luo Ai-Ping
Published: January 2024

Multimode fiber lasers have become a new platform for investigating nonlinear phenomena since the report on spatiotemporal mode-locking. In this work, the multimode soliton pulsation with a tunable period is achieved in a spatiotemporal mode-locked fiber laser. It demonstrates that the pulsation period drops while increasing the pump power. Moreover, it is found that different transverse modes have the same pulsation period, asynchronous pulsation evolution and different dynamical characteristics through the spatial sampling technique and the dispersive Fourier transform technique. To further verify the experimental results, we numerically investigate the influences of the gain and the loss on the pulsation properties. It is found that within a certain parameter range, the pulsation period drops and rises linearly with the increase of the gain and the loss, respectively. The obtained results contribute to understanding the formation and regulating of soliton pulsations in fiber lasers.
Multi-objective and multi-solution source mask optimization using NSGA-II for more direct process window enhancement
Authors: Zhang Qingyan , Junbo Liu , Sun Haifeng , Zhou Ji , Jin Chuan , Wang Jian , Li Yanli , Hu Song
Published: January 2024

Source and mask optimization (SMO) technology is increasingly relied upon for resolution enhancement of photolithography as critical dimension (CD) shrinks. In advanced CD technology nodes, little process variation can impose a huge impact on the fidelity of lithography. However, traditional source and mask optimization (SMO) methods only evaluate the imaging quality in the focal plane, neglecting the process window (PW) that reflects the robustness of the lithography process. PW includes depth of focus (DOF) and exposure latitude (EL), which are computationally intensive and unfriendly to gradient-based SMO algorithms. In this study, we propose what we believe to be a novel process window enhancement SMO method based on the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), which is a multi-objective optimization algorithm that can provide multiple solutions. By employing the variational lithography model (VLIM), a fast focus-variation aerial image model, our method, NSGA-SMO, can directly optimize the PW performance and improve the robustness of SMO results while maintaining the in-focus image quality. Referring to the simulations of two typical patterns, NSGA-SMO showcases an improvement of more than 20% in terms of DOF and EL compared to conventional multi-objective SMO, and even four times superior to single-objective SMO for complicated patterns.
Thermo-optic characterization of SU-8 at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Chakraborty Trisha , Jimenez Gordillo Oscar A. , Barrow Michael , Kramer Alan R. , Lipson Michal , Murphy Thomas E. , Grutter Karen E.
Published: January 2024

We measured the optical transmission through an SU-8 microring resonator inside a cryostat and analyzed the shift of the resonant wavelengths to determine the thermo-optic behavior around a wavelength of 1600 nm. As the temperature was decreased from room temperature (RT) to 3K, the refractive index of crosslinked SU-8 was measured to increase from 1.571 to 1.584, while the thermo-optic coefficient decreased by two orders of magnitude.
Multi-band terahertz metamaterial absorber composed of concentric square patch and ring resonator array
Authors: Asgari Somayyeh , Fabritius Tapio
Published: January 2024

An equivalent circuit model (ECM) to analyze a single-layered graphene multi-band metamaterial absorber was developed. This absorber consists of concentric square patch and ring resonator arrays and operates in the terahertz (THz) region. To validate our analysis based on the ECM, we also conducted numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM) within CST software. Additionally, we have explained the absorption behavior of the metamaterial using the coupled mode theory (CMT). This absorber design, with its single-layer structure, tunability, and triple absorption bands, offers promise for applications in THz devices and systems. Notably, it achieves an average absorption of 99% for three bands and the absorption reaches 100% in the frequency range of 4 to 6.5 THz. The correlation of ECM and CMT analyses with the FEM simulations validate the accuracy and the effectiveness of these simplified approaches in comprehending the resonant characteristics of the metamaterial absorber.
Plasmonic interference lithography based on the second-order diffracted wave of grating and hyperbolic multilayer graphene
Authors: Long Yu , Zhong Hui , Chen Xin , Tian Ye , Li Ruxin
Published: January 2024

Surface plasmon interference lithography (SPIL), which can break the diffraction limit to achieve a large area deep subwavelength resolution, has great application potential in the field of micro-nano manufacturing. However, considering the characteristics of the intensity of each order diffraction wave and the rapid attenuation of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) intensity, most of the current work uses the first order diffraction wave of grating to stimulate SPP. According to the matching conditions, the half-pitch resolution of the interference pattern is 1/4 of the grating period, which makes the method still have high requirements for the mask period. In addition, the intimate contact relationship between each layer limits the reuse of the mask, which ultimately limits the development of SPIL. To address these issues, plasmonic interference lithography based on the second-order diffracted wave of grating and hyperbolic multilayer graphene is proposed. Simulation results show that structures with air gaps can obtain interference patterns with a half-pitch resolution of 1/8 of the grating period and 1/6.7 of incident wavelength, as well as maintaining the characteristic of the insensitive to photoresist (PR) thickness.
Shift of Brewster’s angle with two-dimensional materials and structures
Authors: Yermakov Oleh
Published: January 2024

The Brewster effect has a number of applications in antireflection coatings, spectroscopy and polarization optics, but its tunability is still of high demand. In this Letter, we discover the way of the Brewster angle control with two-dimensional conducting layers. Namely, we analyze the angular shift of Brewster's angle depending on the surface conductivity of two-dimensional layer. First, we derive the analytical model with exact conductivity-dependent solution. Then, we investigate the Brewster angle shift in the cases of monolayer graphene and plasmonic metasurface. Finally, we support our analytical results by the full-wave numerical simulations. The results obtained may find a plethora of application in flat optical and planar photonic devices.