bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Children's Disease and Death as Seen in a Children's Hospital, Colombo, Ceylon
Authors: SILVA C. DE , SOYSA PRIYANI
Published: January 2008

Summary and Conclusions

Intestinal parasitism was the chief cause of ill health in children in hospital. Ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest intestinal parasite and the Trichuris trichiura was the second. The incidence of intestinal parasitism rose with each year of life and was extremely high at 5 years and over.

Nutritional disorders were common including many cases of fatty liver and oedema as well as of Vitamin A and riboflavin deficiences. A pre‐Bitot pigmentation which was often the precursor of a Bitot and a “gutter” pigmentation of the lower part of the sclera are described. The former was a vitamin A deficiency and the latter was probably due to combined vitamin A and riboflavin deficiencies.

Among the respiratory diseases bronchopneumonia caused a high fatality rate in the age group below 5 years.

Gastro‐intestinal disorders showed a peak in incidence during the first year of life, the fatality rate was high also in following years. Salmonellosis was a common cause of diarrhoeas in infancy and early childhood.

The vast array of preventable diseases is heartrending. All possible forces and resources of the country should be marshalled and put into action in order to reduce the unnecessary suffering and sorrow caused to children by poverty, superstition, ignorance, wrong food habits and pernicious teaching by those who should know better.
Asthmatic Bronchitis in Children Prognosis for 162 cases, observed 6–11 years
Authors: BOESEN IB
Published: January 2008

One hundred and eighty five children with asthmatic bronchitis admitted to hospital during 1940–1945, were reviewed with an extensive questionaire in 1951, to see if asthma bronchiale had subsequently developed. One hundred and sixty six replies were received. The prognosis for asthmatic bronchitis as a result of an infection of the respiratory organs (e.g. pneumonia with prolonged expiration), is better than the prognosis for “pure” asthmatic bronchitis, and the prognosis is the same for both sexes. The older the child the more serious is the prognosis, especially among the allergically disposed; it is also worse among the nonallergically disposed than among children who have never had asthmatic bronchitis. It is not of any prognostic importance if the asthmatic bronchitis is associated with a temperature = 38°C on admission or not.
Further Studies of Tuberculin Hemagglutination in Tuberculous Infection, Benign and Virulent1
Authors: LAGERCRANTZ R. , PETERSON J. C. , LIND J.
Published: January 2008

Additional data on the tuberculin hemagglutination test in various types of tuberculous infection have been presented. The reproducibility of the test has been examined by running duplicates at different times. BCG vaccination in the neo‐natal period evokes a agglutinin response only after a relatively long period of time, whether or not the child has additional exposure to tuberculosis. Infants having such exposure develop higher titers, without having clinical evidence of any superinfection. Re vaccination with BCG evokes an anamnestic type of antibody response. The anamnestic response is not activated sufficiently or promptly enough by tuberculin testing to affect hemagglutinin studies within 2 weeks after the first tuberculin test. – 163
On Plasma Calcium in Cord Blood and in the Newborn A Preliminary Report
Authors: HALLMAN NIILO , SALMI IRJA
Published: January 2008

A study is made of calcium contents in arterial and venous cord blood, the plasma calcium of the newborn (aged 1 to 3 days) and of the mother in 15 cases. The blood entering the infant from the afterbirth invariably contains more (0.3–2.3 mg/100 ml) calcium than the blood brought back from the infant. The calcium contents of the blood entering the placenta and of the infant's blood after birth are approximately on the same level, and the values are frequently higher than for the calcium of the mother. The findings of earlier investigators that the elevation of the cord calcium is high as compared to calcium of the infant, is mainly due to the circumstance that no separate consideration has been given to umbilical artery and umbilical vein.
On Psychogenic Obesity in Children II1
Authors: JUEL‐NIELSEN NIELS
Published: January 2008

In the light of BRUCH'S works and theory, psychogenic aspects of childhood obesity have been estimated on the basis of a re‐examination of 61 obese children. An account is given of the material and the methods of investigation.

It has not been possible to prove a characteristic outward social, family, and psychological constellation of surroundings for obese children. Recurrent characteristics in the surroundings are frequent occurrences of obesity in the families, great eating‐habits, and a wide‐spread tolerance of these phenomena. Most cases have confirmed that obese children have an abnormally great food intake, often combined with bodily inactivity. In their attitude to the fat child and in their views on such subjects as health, illness, eating‐habits, and obesity, a great percentage of the mothers have displayed many points of resemblance and common characteristics, which are interpreted as extreme and abnormally exaggerated expressions of traits that presumably were universal and typical of the Danish population of a certain period. Nothing has been found that can justify the assumption of a recurrent ambivalent attitude with secondary overprotection on the side of the mothers. By a direct diagnostic estimation of each separate obesity case in the material 9 cases were nominated ‘positive’. 12 ‘doubtful’, 40 ‘negative’ with regard to psychogenic obesity. The criteria for this division are discussed, and a few typical case histories are presented in condensed versions.

Finally, attention is called to the desirability of procuring comparable control materials.
A Hyperacute Case of Erythroleukaemia Treated with Aminopterin
Authors: LIEN‐KENG KHO
Published: January 2008

Description of a case of erythroleukaemia (morbus Di Guglielmo) in an infant of 7 months of age, where the symptoms manifested themselves shortly after smallpox vaccination. The patient had high fever, marked hepato‐splenomegaly, anemia and thrombocytopenia as well as leucocytosis, with the occurrence of young, often atypical myeloid and erythroid elements in the blood. The erythroid elements dominated over the myeloid elements in the marrow. The treatment, consisting of aminopterin, supported by blood transfusions and antibiotics, did not influence the acute fatal development, although the young myeloid elements (myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes) soon disappeared from the blood, and the liver and spleen grew smaller. At autopsy, erythroid and myeloid proliferation were found in the marrow, liver, spleen, lymphnodes, thymus and intestines.
Herpes Simplex A Study of Complement‐Fixing Antibodies at Different Ages
Authors: HOLZEL A. , FELDMAN G. V. , TOBIN J. O'H. , HARPER J.
Published: January 2008

1. A study of antibodies to herpes simplex virus in different age groups has been made, using the complement fixation technique. Antigen derived from the chorioal‐lantois of the chick embryo is evaluated.
Aetiological Studies on Infantile Diarrhoea in Finland
Authors: RANTASALO ILARI , HALLMAN NIILO
Published: January 2008

Results have been given of the occurrence of Salmonellas, Shigellas and Escherichia coli types 0–111, 0–55, 0–44, and 0–26 in the excrements of infants belonging to a series from a Finnish hospital for children. The under‐groups of E. coli are not studied.

During the first period in the course of which 259 infants were under treatment (33 of them over one year old) only bacteria of the Salmonella and Shigella groups were studied. They were found in about 5 % of the cases. Two of them were Salmonella paratyphi B and the remainder Shigella Sonnei. These micro‐organisms were considerably more abundant in the older children. During the second period which immediately followed the first a study of 270 infants was made who were all under one year of age. Salmonella paratyphi B was demonstrated once and Salmonella typhi murium twice. Bacilli of the Shigella group were not found.

In this group of infants the Escherichia coli type 0–111 was found in 14 patients type 0–55 in 2, type 0–44 in 16, and type 0–26 in 29 patients. E. coli strains 0–111 and 0–26 were found for the most in s.c. toxic diarrhoeas. In the milder forms and particularly in cases simultaneously suffering from a respiratory infection, a positive finding was less frequent. E. coli type 0–111 was recovered from 6 of 8 patients who had fallen ill with diarrhoea at the same orphanage. This strain was more often present in patients transferred for treatment from the various child welfare institutions, although no noteworthy epidemic of diarrhoea had occurred at any of them. The remainder were individual cases scattered all over the country. The Escherichia coli types studied were most often present in infants 3 to 6 months old and least often in infants over 6 months of age. The seasons of the year did not affect the occurrence of these strains in any particular way.

The control series embracing 68 completely healthy children yielded one case of E. coli type 0–44. It was also found in 5 infants recovering from diarrhoea, at a later stage, although the stool specimens had been negative on admission.

On the basis of the results it seems probable that Escherichia coli types 0–111 and 0–26 are to some extent significant in the aetiology of infantile diarrhoea. E. coli type 0–55 was so infrequent in this series that no conclusions are justified with regard to it.
Use of Hyaluronidase in Scleroderma
Authors: CLAESSON ULLA , LINDQUIST BERTIL
Published: January 2008

One case of generalized progressive scleroderma in a 10 year old girl is described. ACTH and para‐amino‐benzoic acid had no or contrary effect, while hyaluronidase showed a good effect on the skin lesions as well as on the tissue indurations.
Tuberculin‐Sensitivity and Antibodies (Agglutinins) after BC G‐Vaccination1
Authors: LAGERCRANTZ R. , ENELL H.
Published: January 2008

1. Twohundred and fortyeight healthy school‐children, who had been BCG‐vaccinated 3 months to 5 years previously were tuberculin‐tested and blood‐samples were drawn for hemagglutination‐tests. (MIDDLEBROOK‐DUBOS.)

2. All except 6.1 % were tuberculin‐positive and there was only an insignificant fall of tuberculin‐sensitivity in the groups vaccinated 3–5 years earlier.

3. Sixtyfive % of the children had a hemagglutination‐titer of at least 1/8. The titers of the children vaccinated 3 months previously were significantly higher than the titers of the children, who had been vaccinated earlier.

4. There was no correlation between high tuberculin‐sensitivity and an elevated titer, nor between a newly increased sensitivity and a higher titer.
Further Studies on Hemagglutination‐Tests in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Tuberculosis1
Authors: LAGERCRANTZ R. , WOLFROM I.
Published: January 2008

1. Out of 63 cases of primary tuberculosis 72 % showed a titer‐value of at least 1/8, using MIDDLEBROOK‐DUBOS' technique, compared with 78 % out of 83 cases of secondary and 84 % out of 144 cases of tertiary tuberculosis.

2. There is no certain correlation between the clinical picture and the titer‐values except that all cases of severe meningitis with bad general state of health have shown no increase, and these cases had a bad prognosis.
Reticuloendotheliosis maligna
Authors: ESKELUND G. M. C.
Published: January 2008

Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die lieutige Problemstellung in der Auffassung der drei Retikulosen: Mb. Hand‐Schüller‐Christian, Mb. Letterer‐Siwe und des eosino‐philen Granuloms, berichtet man iiber einen eigenen Fall. Dieser ist als ein Übergangs‐fall, zwischen Hand‐Schüller‐Christian und Letterer‐Siwe stehend, anzusehen. Man ventiliert die Möglichkeit einer biologisclien Progression, ausgehend primür von einem eosinophilen Granulom.
Active Basal Immunity and Its Application to Epidemiology IV. Initial Pain in Diphtheria‐Tetanus‐Pertussis Vaccination
Authors: HESSELVIK LENNART , ERICSSON HANS
Published: January 2008

Summary

The addition of a quick‐acting local anaesthetic (xylocain, Astra) to aluminum‐precipitated diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and to triple vaccine (diphtheria‐tetanus‐pertussis) was tested in human subjects. A considerable reduction of the initial pain following the injection was noted. No diminution of the immunizing effect was observed in animal experiments.
Penicillin Treatment of Scarlet Fever1
Authors: STRÖM JUSTUS
Published: January 2008

Summary

From various test series during the years 1946–51 consisting of 6,500 cases of scarlatina it appears that penicillin has an excellent effect in preventing complications. Not only in comparison with normally hospitalized patients, but also with entirely isolated patients, there is a clear difference in favor of treated cases. It is also shown that the peroral therapy given was, in spite of the low dosage, very little inferior to injection from the point of view of complications. The effect in preventing complications applied particularly to the bacterial types. A difference is also apparent, however, in regard to toxic types. The only complication of this kind which proved of any significance during the years of the tests was myocarditis. According to Levander‐Lindgren's investigations of the material the frequency of myocarditis also diminished as a result of penicillin treatment. This is of particular importance in patients over 15 years, in whom myocarditis is of a more serious character.
Di Guglielmo's Disease Comments on a Case of Erythroleucemic Myelosis
Authors: HEDENSTRÖM GRETA , SÖDERSTRÖMsp> NILS
Published: January 2008

Summary

A disease is described in a girl aged 14 years, in which an acute myeloblasts leu‐cemia was combined with a probably analogous affection of the erythropoietic system. There were definitely leucemic myeloblast counts in the blood, but there, as well as in the bone marrow, the myeloblasts were outnumbered by mostly very immature erythroblasts, many of which were atypical. A hyperchromic anemia and signs of hemorrhagic diathesis were present. The clinical course of the disease was that of a very acute leucemia and the patient died after three weeks' observation. It is considered to be a case of genuine erythroleucemic myelosis (erythroleucemia).
Endocardial Fibroejastosis in Infancy
Authors: OLEMORTENSEN  , KISSMEYER‐NIELSEN F. , KØLLE‐JØRGENSEN P.
Published: January 2008

Summary

Endocardial fibroelastosis was formerly interpreted as a fetal endocarditis, but has later been described under many different names. The etiology is obscure, but the disease is now believed to be a developmental defect. There is an increase in the fibroelastic tissue of the endocardium, usually located in the left side of the heart. Considerable enlargement of the heart is most frequently present, and other concurrent cardiac malformations are not uncommon. The disease is one of infancy. As the diagnosis can be established with certainty only by autopsy, the mortality figures are unknown. In most cases reported in the literature the duration of the disease has been short. The most important clinical signs are cardiac enlargement, dyspnea, cyanosis, atypical murmurs, and dyspepsia. Three cases with typical histological changes are reported.
Creatinine Tolerance Test as a Renal Function Test
Authors: NORBYE ELI
Published: January 2008

Summary

A renal function test with creatinine tolerance determination has been employed in accordance with a method described by SUNDAL. The method seems to be a simple and reliable method, easily managed, and shows good correspondence with other renal function tests.
Iron Metabolism in Infants III. The Influence of Vitamin C on the Absorption of Iron
Authors: FEUILLEN Y. M. , LAMBRECHTS A.
Published: January 2008

Summary

Fourteen iron balances in 7 infants from 4 to 71/2 months show no influence of vitamin C on the intestinal absorption of dietary iron and of small doses of ferriccitrate.
Studies on Lipids, Proteins and Lipoproteins in Serum from Newborn Infants
Authors: RAFSTEDT STURE , SWAHN BENGT
Published: January 2008

With new micromethods it has been possible to determine in 0.6 ml serum the concentration of total and free cholesterol, phospholipids, and total lipids, and to perform electrophoretic separation of the protein fractions as well as of the various lipid fractions. Sera from blood of the umbilical cord and from capillary blood from 50 infants 1–6 days old were analysed. The cholesterol, the total lipids and the phospholipids increased 70–80 per cent during the first few days of life. The marked increase in the lipids in the serum after birth was ascribable above all to the striking increase in the β‐fraction, but also to the lipids in the fraction termed “chylomicrons”. The α1‐fraction showed a moderate but statistically significant increase. During the first few days of life the α‐ and β‐globulins showed a statistically significant increase while the γ‐globulin showed a statistically significant decrease. The albumin fraction did not change significantly.
On Tuberculosis of the Bones and Joints of BCG Vaccinated Children
Authors: BACKMAN ALF , WALLGREN ERIC IVAR
Published: January 2008

No harmful effect of BCG vaccination has been found in the present group of 17 cases of bone and joint tuberculosis occurring in adequately vaccinated subjects. In these cases the disease has taken a mild course; however, the number is too small to permit of any definite conclusions. In only 2 of the cases a strong exposure had occurred, in the others only a slight one, or exposure was not detected.
Amino‐Aciduria in Galactosaemia
Authors: DARLING SV. , RTENSEN OLE MO
Published: January 2008

A case of galactosaemia in a 5‐month‐old infant was studied by paper chromatography. The pronounced amino‐aciduria which was present, diminished when the patient was placed on a milk‐free diet. Amino‐aciduria in galactosaemia is presumed to be of renal origin.
Infants of Diabetic Mothers I. Foetal Hypoxia in Maternal Diabetes Preliminary Report
Authors: BERGLUND G. , RSTRÖM R. ZETTE
Published: January 2008

The clinical and pathological features in newborn infants of diabetic mothers are in many respects the same as those in haemolytic disease of the newborn. The abnormally high level of nucleated red cells in the blood must be the consequence of increased erythropoiesis. This is assumed to be caused by an attempt of the foetus to raise its oxygen‐carrying capacity. The finding that the oxygen content in the umbilical vein is lower than in control pregnancies seems to give support to this hypothesis.
Diaphragmatic Hernia into the Pericardium
Authors: THOMSEN GREGERS , VESTBRDAL JØRGEN , SMITH CARL C. WINKEL
Published: January 2008

An account is given of a 6 weeks old boy with a diaphragmatic hernia through the foramen of Morgagni, lying within the pericardial sac. An operation by the abdominal route was perfomed at the age of 7 weeks. After this an enormous pneumopericardium developed and the hernia recurred. A new operation by the thoraco‐abdominal route was performed at the age of 3 months with good result. A review of the previously reported 10 cases is given.
Retrolental Fibroplasia and Treatment with Oxygen
Authors: AALDE OLE , IMERSLUND OLGA
Published: January 2008

Summary and Conclusion

Among 88 out of 100 surviving prematures with a birth weight of less than 2,000 g treated in the University Pediatric Clinic, Oslo, 1950–1953, 11 cases of retrolental fibroplasia were found, a total incidence of 13 per cent. Out of these 11 cases, 5 presented slight changes which left inconsiderable or slight residua, probably with no damage of vision; 4 presented severe changes which will probably affect the vision; and 2 became blind. No case of retrolental fibroplasia was seen among the prematures who had not been treated with oxygen. In 70 oxygen‐treated prematures, including 11 cases of retrolental fibroplasia, no relationship was found between the duration of oxygen treatment and the occurrence of retrolental fibroplasia except that no case of retrolental fibroplasia was seen when the duration of oxygen treatment was less than 14 days. The results of these examinations may suggest that treatment with oxygen is not the only etiological factor responsible for retrolental fibroplasia, for most of the prematures treated with oxygen did not develop the disease.
Galactosemia
Authors: LODDING CATO
Published: January 2008

Comparative galactose tolerance tests have been carried out in one patient suffering from galactosemia and in three patients suffering from hepatic lesions of varying etiology. The findings indicate that galactosemia is an independent primary disease, in causal relation to isolated enzyme deficiency in the liver.
Ein Beitrag zur Klinik und Morphologie der Letterer‐Siweschen Erkrankung
Authors: SCHOLZ HERBERT , SCHWARTZ JOACHIM
Published: January 2008

Es wird über einen 41/2 Monate alten Säugling berichtet, der die typischen Symptome der Letterer‐Siweschen Erkrankung aufwies. Im Vordergrund des klinischen Bildes standen Hauterscheinungen (Faltenpurpura und eine Unzahl am Rumpf lokalisierter, senfkorngrosser Knötchen) sowie ein Lungenbefund, der röntgenologisch an eine Miliartuberkulose erinnerte. Das Kind kam nach kurzer Zeit ad exitum. Die histologische Untersuchung zeigte retikulär‐histiocytäre Wucherungen besonders in der Milz, den Mesenterialwurzellymphknoten und der Lunge.

Contribution to the study of the Letterer‐Siwe's Disease.

Report of a case of Letterer‐Siwe's disease in a 41/2 months old infant. The dominant symptoms were skin manifestations (purpuric spots in the flexures and abundant minute nodules localized on the trunk) and pulmonary lesions resembling miliary tuberculosis. The infant died after short time of observation. The post‐mortem examination showed reticulo‐histiocytic proliferations especially in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and the lungs.

Contribution à l'étude de la maladie de Letterer‐Siwe.

L'auteur décrit le cas d'un nourrisson âgé de quatre mois et demi, qui présentait les symptomes typiques de maladie de Letterer‐Siwe. A l'examen clinique on était surtout frappé par les lésions cutanées (purpura au niveau des plis et une très grande quantité de nodules de la grosseur d'un grain de moutarde localisés sur le tronc) ainsi que par une image radiologique des poumons ressemblant à celle de la tuberculose miliaire. L'enfant est décédé après peu de temps. L'examen histologique a montré des proliférations réticulo‐histiocytaires localisées principalement dans la rate, les ganglions lymphatiques du mésentère et les poumons.

Un caso de enfermedad de Letterer‐Siwe.

El autor describe un caso de enfermedad de Letterer‐Siwe en un lactante de 4 ½ meses de edad. Los síntomas dominantes fueron: manifestaciones cutáneas (manchas purpúricas en las regiones de flexión y numerosos pequeños nódulos localizados en el tronco) y lesiones pulmonares semejantes a la forma miliar de la tuberculosis. El lactante falleció desupués de un corto período de observación. El examen post‐morten mostró proliferaciones retículo‐histiocitarias, especialmente en el bazo, ganglios linfáticos mesentéricos y pulmones.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Associated with Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome
Authors: BIERING AXEL , IVERSEN TORBEN
Published: January 2008

The combination of osteogenesis imperfecta and the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome in the same patient does not seem to have been reported before. Kanof (15) described a patient with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, blue sclerae and osteoporosis, but without fractures. In the discussion following Johnson and Falls' paper on Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (14), Johnson said: “In osteogenesis imperfecta (fragilitas ossium) one may also find hyperextensibility of the joints. The blue scleras and history of repeated fractures should help one to differentiate this condition from the Ehlers‐Dan‐10s syndrome. These changes will be looked for in future cases of the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome.”

In the Department of Paediatrics of the Rigshospital, Copenhagen, we have seen a patient who presented both osteogenesis imperfecta and the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome.

A case of the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome associated with osteogenesis imperfecta is reported. The possibilities of a pathogenetic relationship are discussed with particular reference to accompanying anomalies in the two syndromes. Simultaneous occurrence of the two syndromes has not previously been reported.

Osteogenesis imperfecta associée à un syndrome d'Ehlers‐Danlos.

Description d'un cas de syndrôme d'Ehlers‐Danlos associéà une osteogenesis imperfecta. Les possibilités de relations pathogéniques sont discutées, avec une mention particulière d'anomalies accompagnant ces syndromes. La coexistence de ces deux syndromes n'avait pas encore été décrite.

Osteogenesis imperfecta vergesellschaftet mit Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrom.

Ein Fall von Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrom vergesellschaftet mit Osteogenesis imperfecta wird mitgeteilt. Die Möglichkeit eines pathogenetischen Zusammenhanges wird diskutiert mit besonderem Hinblick auf die begleitenden Anomalien der Syndrome. Gleichzeitiges Auftreten der beiden Syndrome ist vorher noch nicht beschrieben worden.

Osteogénesis imperfecta asociada con el sindrome de Ehlers‐Danlos.

Se refiere un caso de osteogénesis imperfecta asociada con sindrome de Ehlers Danlos. Se discuten las posibilidades de una relación patogénica con especial referenda a las anomalías que acompañan al sindrome. No se habían referido anteriormente casos de simultaneidad de los dos sindromes.
Plasma Levels of 17‐Hydroxycorticosteroids and Urinary Excretion of 17‐Ketosteroids in Normal Children
Authors: BERGSTRAND C. G. , GEMZELL CARL A.
Published: January 2008

The plasma levels of 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids were studied in 34 children without evident disease. The results obtained are in good agreement with those previously reported by others.

The limited value of a single estimation of the plasma level of 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids for evaluation of adrenal cortical activity is discussed.

A comparison between the urinary excretion of 17‐ketosteroids and the plasma level of 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids was made but no correlation could be demonstrated.
Idiopathic Hypoproteinaemia versus Hypoproteinaemia due to Pancreatic Dysfunction
Authors: BILLE BO S. V. , VAHLQUIST BO
Published: January 2008

A child aged 4 months with pancreatic dysfunction, hypoproteinaemia, and oedema showed rapid improvement in the oedema and hypoproteinaemia following the institution of specific therapy. It is proposed that at least some of the cases of “idiopatic” hypoproteinaemia may be due to pancreatic dysfunction.

Hypoprotéïnémie idiopathique et hypoprotéïnémie par dysfonctionnement pancréatique.

Un nourrisson de 4 mois présentant une hypoprotéïnémie et des ödèmes par dysfonctionnement pancréatique a été rapidement amélioré par des enzymes d'origine pancréatique (Granules de Pantéric). Il est possible que certains cas considérés comme hypoprotéïnémie idiopathique soient en réalité provoqués par un dysfonctionnement pancréatique.

Idiopathische Hypoproteinämie oder Hypoproteinämie infolge Pankreasdysfunktion.

Ein 4 Monate alter männlicher Säugling mit Pankreasdysfunktion, Hypoproteinämie und Ödemen zeigte nach Behandlung mit Pankreasenzymen (Panteric granules) eine rasche Besserung der Ödeme und der Hypoproteinämie. Es wird angenommen, dass wenigstens einige der Fälle von “idiopathischer” Hypoproteinämie die Folge einer Pankreasdysfunktion sind.

Hipoproteinemia idiopática frente a là debida a insuficiencia pancreática.

Un lactante, varón de 4 meses, afecto de disfunción pancreática, edema e hipoproteinemia, mostró rápida mejoría de estos dos últimos al administrarsele enzima pancreática (Pancreatic granules). Se sugiere que algunos casos de hipoproteinemia llamada idiopática puedan ser dedidos a disfunción pancreática.
Hereditary Cataract in Two Families
Authors: PARROW RAGNA DAHLBERG
Published: January 2008

Two cases of cataract in infants have been presented. In one case the origin is definitely hereditary, in the other it seems possible that it is a question of an interplay between hereditary and environmental factors.

Cataracte héréditaire dans deux familles.

L'auteur présente deux cas de cataracte chez des nourrissons. Dans un cas elle avait une origine nettement héréditaire, tandis qu'il semble que pour l'autre des facteurs d'hérédité et d'environnement aient pu agir simultanément.

Erblicher Katarakt in zwei Familien.

Es werden zwei Fälle von Katarakt bei Kindern beschrieben. In einem Fall ist die erbliche Genese klar, in dem anderen scheint ein Zusammenspiel zwischen erblichen und äusseren Faktoren vorzuliegen.

Catarata hereditaria en dos familias.

El autor presenta dos casos de catarata en lactantes. En un caso el origen era francamente hereditario, mientras en el otro los factores hereditarios y ambientales parecían sumarse.
Primary Vitamin‐Resistant Rickets1
Authors: GREGERSEN EILIF , Bræstrup P. W.
Published: January 2008

A typical case of an eight‐year‐old girl with primary vitamin‐resistant rickets is reported. During treatment with large doses of vitamin D the calcium‐phosphorus balance turned positive and the rickets gradually healed. Since the disease has assumed renewed interest in recent years, the problems of therapy are discussed, emphasis being placed on the value of long continued and intensive treatment under constant control.

Rachitisme primaire résistant à la vitamine D.

L'auteur rapporte un cas typique de rachitisme primaire résistant à la vitamine D chez une fillette âgée de huit ans. Durant le traitement avec de fortes doses de vitamine D la balance du calcium et des phosphates devenait positive et le rachitisme guérissait progressivement. La maladie ayant connu un grand intérêt pendant long‐temps, l'auteur discute le problème du diagnostic différentiel et du traitement et insiste sur la valeur d'un traitement intensif et de longue durée sous contrôle constant.

Primär vitamin‐resistente Rachitis.

Ein typischer Fall eines 8jährigen Mädchens mit primär vitamin‐resistenter Rachitis wird besprochen. Während der Behandlung mit grossen Dosen von Vitamin‐D wurde das Calcium‐Phosphor‐Verhältnis positiv und die Rachitis heilte allmählich aus. Angesichts der Tatsache, dass die Krankheit in den letzten Jahren erneutes Interesse gefunden hat, wurden die Probleme der Differentialdiagnose und der Therapie besprochen mit Berücksichtigung des Wertes einer lang fortgesetzten und intensiven Behandlung unter dauernder Kontrolle.

Raquitismo vitamino‐resistente primario.

Se rėfiere el caso de un raquitismo vitamino resistente primario en una niña de ocho años. Durante el tratamiento con grandes dosis de vitamina D el balance calcio y fósforo se tornó positivo y el raquitismo gradualmente curó. Siendo esta enfermedad de renovado interés durante los recentes años, se discute el problema del diagnóstico diferencial y de la terapéutica, con énfasis sobre el valor de un largo, continuado e intensivo tratamiento bajo constante control.
Sarcoidosis (Boeck) in a Child Treated with Cortisone and ACTH
Authors: ANDERSEN HENNING
Published: January 2008

An 11‐year‐old boy developed fulminant sarcoidosis (Boeck) in less than 6 months. He had severe pulmonary lesions, generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes, and subcutaneous infiltrates. ACTH and cortisone therapy, which resulted in prompt improvement, was continued for 10 months. After 15 months' follow‐up the boy does not exhibit any signs of the disease, but a lymph‐node biopsy obtained 8 months after discontinuation of the treatment still showed sarcoidosis.

SarcoKdose de Boeck chez un enfant, traitde par la Cortisone et I'ACTH.

Une sarcoïidose de Boeck s'est developpée d'une manière suraigué, en moins de six mois, chez un garçon de 11 ans. II existait des lésions pulmonaires importantes, une augmentation diffuse des ganglions lymphatiques, et des infiltrations sous‐cutanées. Un traitement par la cortisone et l'ACTH amenait une amélioration rapide. II fut poursuivi pendant 10 mois. Aprè un recul de 15 mois, l'enfant ne présentait plus aucun signe de la maladie; cependant, une biopsie ganglionnaire faite huit mois après l'arrêt du traitement révélait encore l'existence de la sarcoïdose.

Cortison‐ und ACTH‐ Behandlung bei einem Kind mit Sarkoid (Boeck).

Bei einem II Jahre alten Jungen entwickelte sich in weniger als 6 Monaten ein ausgedehntes Sarkoid (Boeck). Er hatte schwere pulmonale Veränderungen, generali‐sierte Lymphknotenschwellungen und subkutane Infiltrate. Die ACTH‐ und Cortison‐therapie, die eine schlagartige Besserung der Erscheinungen zur Folge hatte, wurde 10 Monate lang fortgesetzt. Nach 15monatiger weiterer Beobachtung weist der Junge bisher keinerlei Zeichen der Erkrankung auf, aber eine Lymphknotenuntersuchung, die 8 Monate nach Unterbrechung der Behandlung vorgenommen wurde, zeigte wei‐terhin das Bild eines Sarkoids. Un cmo de sarcoidosis de Boeck tratudo con ACTH y cortisona. Un niño de 11 anos desarrolló una sarcoidosis de Boeck severa en menos de seis meses presentando severas lesiones pulmonares, linfadenitis generalizada e infiltrados subcutheos. El tratamiento con ACTH y cortisona mostr6 rapida mejoria y fue conti‐nuado durante seis meses. Un control a 10s 15 meses no mostr6 ningun signo de en‐fermedad pero una biopsia ganglionar obtenida 8 meses despues de suspendido eltratamiento evidenci6 sarcoidosis.
Childhood Pneumonia, Including Pertussis Pneumonia, and Bronchiectasis A Follow‐up Study of 151 Patients
Authors: BIERING AXEL
Published: January 2008

By a follow‐up study of 151 patients suffering from pneumonia or pertussis‐pneumonia one case of bronchiectasis was found.

Pneumonie de l'enfance (y compris l a pneumocoqueluche) et bronchiectasie.

L'étude suivie de 151 malades ayant présenté une pneumonie, ou une coqueluche avec pneumonie, n'a permis de déceler qu'un seul cas de bronchiectasie.

Kindliche Pneumonie, einschliesslich Pertussis‐Pneumonie und Bronchiektasie.

Bei Nachuntersuchung von 15 1 Patienten, die an Pneumonie oder Pertussis‐Pneu‐monie gelitten hatten, wurde ein Fall von Bronchiektasie gefunden.

Bronquiectasias y neumonias en la infancia, incluyendo l a coqueluchosa.

151 pacientes fueron examinados despuks de haber sufrido neumonia o coqueluche‐neumonia, encontrhdose bronquiectasias en solo 1 caso.
Combined Lesions of Basal Ganglia, Medulla Oblongata, and Spinal Cord in a 10 Year Old Boy
Authors: CHRISTENSEN ERNA , MELCHIOR J. , PLUM P.
Published: January 2008

A symmetrical degeneration of the basal ganglia, medulla oblongata and spinal cord, seemingly older rostrally and more fresh caudally, was found in a 10 year old boy who died suddenly after a progressive disease of 8 years duration.

The symptoms consisted in spasticity, rigidity, dysarthria, and abnormal movement patterns resembling torsion spasm. His intelligence was normal. Encephalogrammes showed progressive dilatation of the lateral ventricles, corresponding to the atrophy of the basal ganglia.

The relationship of these clinical and pathoanatomical findings to established clinicopathological syndromes is discussed.

Un garçon de 10 ans décéda brusquement après une affection progressive qui dura 8 ans. L'autopsie montra une dógénérescence symétrique des noyaux de la base, du bulbe et de la moëlle rachidienne, qui paraissait plus ancienne du côté cranial, et plus récente dans la partie caudale. Le tableau symptomatique était celui d'une association de spasticité, de rigidité, de dysarthrie et de mouvements anormaux analogues à des spasmes de torsion. L'intelligence était parfaitement conservée. L'encéphalographie montrait une dilatation progressive des ventricules latéraux par atrophie des noyaux de la base. La relation entre l'aspect clinique et les lésions anatomopathologiques est ensuite passée en revue.
Inorganic Pyrophosphate in Human Blood?
Authors: RÄIHÄ CARL‐ERIC , ÅBERG G. , WALLGREN G. R.
Published: January 2008

The authors have investigated the inorganic phosphate in human bloodplasma using the methods of Fiske‐Subbarow and of Flynn, Jones & Lipmann. The values obtained with Fiske‐Subbarow's method seem to be dependent not only on the inorganic phosphate, but also on easily hydrolysed organic P‐compounds. Using the latter method, it is possible to detect both inorganic ortho‐ and pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate in blood decreases after muscular work. It was also observed that the content of inorganic phosphate was higher in venous blood than in arterial blood. In urine and in spinal fluid no pyrophosphate was found.

Les auteurs ont recherché la présence du phosphate inorganique du sang humain par les techniques de Fiske‐Subbarow et de Flynn, Jones et Lipmann. Les chiffres obtenus en utilisant la méthode de Fiske‐Subbarow, ne semblent pas seulement en relation avec le phosphate inorganique, mais également en rapport avec des liaisons avec du Phosphore organique facilement hydrolysées. En utilisant l'autre méthode, il semble done possible de mesurer à la fois le pyro‐ et l'ortho‐phosphate inorganique. Le pyrophosphate sanguin diminue après un travail musculaire. On a remarqué, de même, que la valeur du phosphate inorganique du sang veineux était supérieure à celle du sang artériel. On n'a pu mettre en évidence de pyrophosphate ni dans l'urine, ni dans le LCR.
Chronic Cerebral Fever in Cerebral Palsy Temperature Athetosis
Authors: YLPPÖ LEA , YLPPÖ ARVO
Published: January 2008

Children affected with cerebral palsy relatively often show chronic intermittent febrile conditions persisting for months, conditions which cannot be ascribed to chronic infections alone. The authors consider that a so‐called cerebral fever is involved, arising from a disturbed thermal regulation resulting from brain lesions.

The condition is comparable to the motor athetosis of cerebral palsy children and could be termed temperature athetosis. Neither antibiotics nor antipyretics seem to have an effect on this fever.

On peut souvent noter chez des enfants atteints de lésion cérébrale, une fièvre intermittente et chronique persistant plusieurs mois. Cette hyperpyrexie ne peut cependant être mise sur le compte d'infections chroniques. Les auteurs l'attribuent à une fièvre d'origine cérébrale, qui serait le résultat d'une dysrégulation des centres thermiques, provoquée par des lésions cérébrales. Cet état est analogue à l'athétose des enfants atteints de paralysies cérébrales, et peut être appelée « température d'athétose ». Ni les antibiotiques, ni les antithermiques n'ont d'action sur cette hyperpyrexie.
The Nature of Crystalline Material in Tissues of Lignac‐Fanconi's Disease
Authors: BAAR H. S. , BAAR STELLA
Published: January 2008

The nature of crystals in tissues of Lignac‐Fanconi's disease has been investigated with the help of pure tyrosinase, by thermoanalysis, by determination of refractive indices and by the ultraviolet spectra. It was conclusively shown that tyrosine crystals were absent in all examined sections. Our findings are consistent with the crystals consisting only of L‐cystine.

La nature des cristaux dans les tissus de la maladie de Lignac‐Fanconi a été examinée avec l'aide de la tyrosinase pure, par la thermoanalyse, par la détermination des index réfractaires et par des spectrogrammes ultraviolets. On a démontré avec certitude que des cristaux de tyrosine étaient absents dans toutes les coupes examinées. Nos resultats sont en bon agrément avec la consistence des cristaux de la L‐cystine seule.
Cat as a Possible Source of Infection in a Case of Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Authors: BORGEN POUL H. F. , ERICHSEN STIAN , STANDAL BRYNJULV
Published: January 2008

Possible toxoplasma transmission from a cat in a case of toxoplasmosis congenita is reported. It is the first confirmed case of feline toxoplasmosis in Norway. It seems reasonable that pregnant women should be warned against too close contact with sick animals (dogs, cats) even in this country.

Cas de toxoplasmose transmise par un chat dans un cas de toxoplasmose congénitale. C'est le premier cas authentique de toxoplasmose d'origine féline, décrit en Norvège. Il semble necessaire d'éviter un contact étroit entre les femmes enceintes et les animaux malades (chats et chiens).
Histological Changes of the Pyloric Myenteric Plexus in Infantile Pyloric Stenosis Studies on Surgical Biopsy Specimens1
Authors: NIELSEN O. STEINICKE
Published: January 2008

Biopsy specimens of pyloric muscles from 15 young infants operated on for congenital pyloric steaosis have been submitted to histological examination. This revealed severe irreversible degeneration of the intramuscular ganglion cells in all cases. Thsse cells were found to be highly chromatolytic or atrophic, and the ganglia presented varying degrees of glial proliferation. The stomachs of eight infants dead without clinical signs of pyloric stenosis were submitted to similar histological examination for control. Here the intramuscular ganglion cells were normal.

The significance of this ganglion cell degeneration for the aetiology and pathogenesis of congenital pyloric stenosis has been discussed together with the significance of the roentgenologically demonstrable disturbances of motility in the prepyloric area of individuals with cured congenital pyloric stenosis.

On a soumis à l'examen histologique des spécimens, obtenus par biopsie, du muscle pylorique provenant de 15 jeunes nourrissons opérés de sténose congénitale du pylore. On a trouvé ainsi dans tous les cas une dégénérescence grave irréversible des cellules ganglionnaires intramusculaires. Ces cellules montraient une forte chromatolyse ou atrophie et les ganglions présentaient des degrés variables de prolifération gliale. Les estomacs de huit nourrissons décédés sans signes cliniques de sténose du pylore ont été soumis pour contrôle à un examen histologique semblable. Les cellules ganglionnaires intramusculaires étaient normales ici. La signification de cette dégénérescence des cellules ganglionnaires pour l'étiologie et la pathogénèse de la sténose congénitale du pylore a été discutée, ainsi que la signification des troubles de la motilité de la ré gion prépylorique, trouvés à l'examen radiologique, chez des individus guéris de sténose congénitale du pylore.
Children Chronically Diseased
Authors: HERLITZ GILLIS , REDIN BJÖRN
Published: January 2008

On the basis of specified criteria we have attempted to carry out an over‐all survey of chronically diseased children in a 10‐year series of a population of 265,000 in Sweden. The incidence of chronic disease was 12.4 per 1000 children aged 2–11 years. Sixty per cent of the material were boys. The various groups of incapacitating diseases are reviewed and social, therapeutic, and educational problems discussed. The present writers urgently demand increased attention on the part of the community for the chronically sick children and advise a conjoint management of their affairs on a team‐work basis within the separate health‐service areas of the country.

Les affections chroniques chez l'enfant.

En se basant sur des critères déterminés, les auteurs se sont efforcés de dresser un bilan des affections chroniques de l'enfance en Suède, dans un groupe de 265 000 per‐sonnes, et en étudiant une période de dix années. La fréquence a pu être fixée à 12.4 pour mille enfants, âgés de 2 à 11 ans. Soixante pour cent d'entr'eux étaient des garçons. La nature des affections causales est indiquée, et les problèmes sociaux, thérapeutiques et éducatifs qu'ils posent sont passés en revue. Les auteurs sollicitent une attention accrue à l'égard de ce groupe d'enfants atteints d'affections chroniques. La solution des problèmes nécessite la collaboration en équipe des divers services sociaux du pays.

Chronisch kranke Kinder.

Auf der Basis von spezifizierten Kriterien haben die Autoren versucht, sich einen Überblick über chronisch kranke Kinder in einer 10‐Jahresgruppe einer Bevölkerung von 265 000 in Schweden zu verschaffen. Das Vorkommen von chronischen Erkran‐kungen betrug bei Kindern von 2–11 Jahren 12,4 auf 1000. 60 % des Materials waren Knaben. Die verschiedenen Gruppen der die Leistungsfähigkeit herabsetzenden Erkran‐kungen werden geprüft und soziale, therapeutische und erzieherische Probleme erörtert. Die Autoren fordern dringend eine stärkere Beachtung chronisch kranker Kinder und empfehlen eine gemeinschaftliche Handhabung ihrer Belange auf Team‐Work Basis innerhalb der einzelnen Gesundheitsdienstbezirke des Landes.

Niños con enfermedades crónicas.

Sobre las bases de un criterio específico, los autores han intentado llevar a eabo una pesquisa de niños cronicamente enfermos en una serie de 10 años de edad correspon‐diente a una población sueca de 265 000 habitantes. La incidencia de enfermedades crónicas fué de 12.4 por 1000 niños entre los 2 y los 11 años de edad. 60 por ciento del material eran varones. Se revisan los distintos grupos de enfermedades incapacitantes discutiéndose los problemas sociales, terapéuticos y educacionales. Los autores requieren urgente atención, de parte de la comunidad, hacia los niños cronicamente enfermos y aconsejan un manejo conjunto de sus problemas sobre la base de trabajo en equipo entre las areas del servicio de saludad de diferentes partes del país.
Hypertonic Expansion of the Extracellular Fluids
Authors: McCance R. A. , WIDDOWSON E. M.
Published: January 2008

1. Sodium chloride was added to the milk given to premature infants and newborn piglets which were then reared by hand.

2. The addition of salt led to (a) an abnormal increase of weight; (b) a rise in the serum sodium and chloride; (c) an expansion of the extracellular volume and ultimately massive oedema; (d) a reduction in the catabolism of tissue protein; (e) no increased excretion of potassium, if anything the reverse.

3. Similar and. even more clear cut results were obtained when the piglets were given water and salted water instead of milk and salted milk.

4. When the administration of salt was stopped the infants rapidly regained their healthy status.

Expansion hypertonique des liquides extracellulaires.

Du chlorure de sodium a été ajouté au lait destinéà des enfants nés avant terme ainsi qu' à des porcelets nouveaunés qui furent alors élevés au biberon. L'addition de chlorure de sodium au lait amena: a) une augmentation anormale du poids oorporel, b) une augmentation du taux du sodium et des ions chlorés dans le sérum, c) une augmentation du volume des liquides extracellulaires et subsidiairement un œdème massif, d) une réduction du catabolisme des protéines tissulaires, e) une diminution plutôt qu'une augmentation de l'élimination du potassium. Des résultats analogues et même plus nets encore ont été obtenus chez des porcelets nourris d'eau et d'eau salée au lieu de lait et de lait salé. Une fois que le sel eut été supprimé, les bébés redevinrent rapidement bien portants.

Hypertonische Ausdehnung der intracellulären Flüssigkeiten.

Kochsalz wurde zur Milch zugesetzt, die frühgeborenen Säuglingen und neugeborenen Schweinchen verabreicht wurde. Der Salzzusatz bewirkte: a. eine abnormale Gewichtszunahme, b. eine Steigerung im Natrium‐und Chloridgehalt im Serum, c. eine Expansion des aussercellulären Volumens und schliesslich massives Oedem, d. eine Reduzierung im Abbau der Gewebsproteine, e. keine Erhöhung, wenn nicht Herabsetzung der Kaliumausscheidung. Ähnliche und sogar eindeutigere Resultate wurden erzielt, wenn die Schweinchen Wasser und Salzwasser anstatt der Milch und der gesalzenen Milch erhielten. Wenn die Verabreichung des Kochsalzes unterbrochen wurde, kehrten die Säuglinge rasch zu ihrem gesunden Zustand zurück.

Expansión hipertónica de los liquidos extracelulares.

Se añadió cloruro de sodio a la leche suministrada a prematuros y también a lechoncillos recién nacidos criados a mano. La adición de la sal condujo a: (a) aumentación anormal de peso, (b) ascenso del sodio y cloruro séricos, (c) expansón del volumen extracelular y finalmente edematización masiva, (d) reducción catabólica protéicotisular, (e) aumento nulo de excreción potásica y más bien lo contrario. Resultados análogos y todavía inàs pronunciados obtenidos cuando se suministró a los lechoncillos agua y agua salada en lugar de leohe y leche salada. Al suspenderse la administración de sal, los niñitos recobraron rápidamente las condiciones de la salud.