bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis de aprendizaje conceptual empleando CDFs: documentos con un formato computable
Authors: Vílchez Quesada Enrique , Ávila Herrera Juan Félix
Published: July 2021

Este artículo comparte los principales hallazgos de una investigación realizada en el contexto del curso MAT030 Matemática para Informática de la carrera Ingeniería en Sistemas de Información de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, que tuvo como objetivo general analizar el impacto de la integración pedagógica del uso de un tipo especial de documento denominado CDF por sus siglas en inglés: computable document format (documento con un formato computable). La investigación se sustentó en utilizar ciento treinta aplicaciones CDFs diseñadas por los autores, junto a un libro de texto, como recursos didácticos para apoyar la docencia y el autoaprendizaje de los contenidos de esta asignatura. Se empleó para ello una metodología cuantitativa a través de dos grupos experimentales con 27 participantes y dos grupos de control durante el I semestre del año 2020, ejecutándose cinco pruebas de hipótesis para analizar la existencia o no, de diferencias en la comprensión conceptual de los ejes temáticos: lógica proposicional, teoría de números, teoría de conjuntos, inducción y progresiones, y teoría de funciones. Además, se aplicó un cuestionario a los grupos experimentales para rescatar sus percepciones más importantes sobre la experiencia didáctica y la calidad de los materiales diseñados. Los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas de hipótesis evidencian una mejoría en la comprensión conceptual y, por ende, en los procesos de aprendizaje dentro de los grupos experimentales donde las aplicaciones CDFs jugaron un rol preponderante en el desarrollo de formas de razonamiento, procesos de análisis, autoevaluación, y visualización de conceptos, propiedades y algoritmos. También, los grupos experimentales mostraron un rendimiento académico más favorable. La investigación constata cómo el uso adecuado de la tecnología educativa constituye un instrumento que potencializa la adquisición de destrezas de aprendizaje y habilidades lógicas en la educación matemática, y por lo tanto, cómo esta puede ofrecer una alternativa viable para promover una combinación efectiva con un enfoque no tradicional.
KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN DAN SPIP TERHADAP AKUNTANBILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI DIMODERASI PARTISIPASI PENYUSUN
Authors: Mardiana Mardiana , Setiyowati Supami Wahyu
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine and explain the clarity of budget targets, and the internal control system on performance accountability in OPD Malang City in moderation of budgetary participation. This study uses quantitative research methods. Population of 34 Regional Apparatus Organizations in Malang City. The data analysis technique used multiple regression analysis. The results showed the clarity of budget targets, and the internal control system had an effect on performance accountability in OPD Malang City. A clear budget and according to organizational goals increases the accountability of the performance of government agencies. The implementation of an internal control system in each activity increases the accountability of the performance of government agencies. Participation in budgeting moderates the relationship between the clarity of budget targets and the internal control system that affects performance accountability. Participation in budgeting is very important for the preparation of a government budget in accordance with organizational goals. With participation in budgeting, the clarity of budget targets and the internal control system has increased and has an impact on increasing the accountability of government performance.
Design of a Neurofeedback Training System for Meditation Based on EEG Technology
Authors: Nieto-Vallejo Andrés Eduardo , Ramírez-Pérez Omar Fernando , Ballesteros-Arroyave Luis Eduardo , Aragón Angela
Published: July 2021

Meditation is a form of mental training that has therapeutic potential and cognitive benefits that may enhance attention, mental well-being, and neuroplasticity. However, the learning process is not easy because meditators do not receive immediate feedback that lets them know if they are correctly doing the activity. EEG Neurofeedback training is one of the techniques to train brain self-regulation and it has the potential to increase the effectiveness of meditation. However, the benefits greatly differ between subjects with a high percentage of inefficacy. In this work, an EEG Neurofeedback Training System is proposed based on user-centered design methodology to provide real-time performance feedback to meditators to increase levels of attention and relaxation through a visual, sound and smell stimuli interface. Levels of attention and relaxation of nine participants were measured with a mobile Neurosky EEG headset biosensor during meditation practice to analyze the incidence of each type of stimuli during activity. Visual stimuli feedback was able to increase attention levels of 78% of the participants by 11.8% compared to a meditation session without any stimuli. The sound stimuli feedback was able to increase the relaxation levels of 44.4% of the participants by 16% compared to a session without any stimuli. These results might bring new insights for the design of a neurofeedback system interface for meditation. Further research on neurofeedback training interfaces for meditators is suggested to validate these results with more participants.
La imputación normativa en la responsabilidad civil extracontractual.
Authors: Trejos Teheran Luis Daniel
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se abordan las diferentes teorías que se han creado sobre la causalidad aplicada en la responsabilidad civil, de allí que esta investigación tenga como objetivo desarrollar la imputación normativa como eje constitutivo de la responsabilidad civil, para lo cual se debe crear un test de aplicabilidad normativa, ya que –como se ha podido observar en la praxis judicial– el nexo de causalidad carece de algún tipo de test que le permita a los jueces aplicar de manera efectiva la causalidad. Así, mediante la construcción de matrices de análisis documental y la utilización de categorías emergentes desde la teoría fundamentada, se obtuvo que la teoría causalista posee falencias estructurales y que hacen necesario plantear un nuevo elemento estructurador que contenga un test de aplicabilidad que les otorgue a los operadores jurídicos las herramientas necesarias para endilgar la responsabilidad civil de manera eficaz. También se obtuvo la creación y desarrollo de un test normativo de carácter científico y jurídico lo suficientemente fuerte para darle la solides respectiva al nuevo elemento estructurador como lo es la imputación normativa.
Empresas transnacionales y derechos humanos : la tortuosa búsqueda de responsabilidades en una globalización injusta e insostenible.
Authors: Esteve Moltó José Elías
Published: July 2021

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objeto examinar de una manera crítica las evidentes lagunas que presenta el derecho internacional en materia de exigencia de responsabilidades a las corporaciones transnacionales por la comisión de graves violaciones a los derechos humanos. Ante el gran reto que presenta la sistemática impunidad de estas personas jurídicas, la única respuesta puede ser la regulación de sus actividades. Siendo así, por un lado, este breve análisis plantea que la exigencia de responsabilidades a las empresas debe provenir tanto del orden internacional (y no sólo a través de mecanismos propios del soft-law como los Principios Rectores de la ONU, sino mediante normas vinculantes derivadas de un tratado internacional), como del interno, a través de leyes nacionales. Y junto a esa nueva normativa que va emergiendo en algunos Estados, se requiere de un ejercicio judicial audaz tanto por parte de los tribunales nacionales, como por un Tribunal Penal Internacional cuyo Estatuto merecería ser reformado.
El sistema de frenos y contrapesos en Colombia y la sátira política.
Authors: Ospina Celis Daniel
Published: July 2021

Es común referirse al derecho a la libertad de expresión como base o sustento de la democracia; sin embargo, pocas veces se analizan las implicaciones en la teoría constitucional de esta afirmación. Este artículo sostiene que la protección constitucional de la sátira política es fundamental para el Estado y la democracia, ya que fortalece el mecanismo de frenos y contrapesos, y el equilibro de poderes, que en naciones como Colombia no se ha consolidado. En este sentido, partiendo de la formulación clásica de la doctrina de la división de poderes y su aplicación en Latinoamérica, se analizará la incidencia de la sátira política en el Estado moderno.
Líderes sociales y defensores de derechos humanos : una perspectiva político-institucional, 2019.
Authors: Rey Vargas Ángela Daniela , González Valencia Ángela Patricia , Bolívar Torres Emmanuel
Published: July 2021

El artículo buscó dar respuesta a la pregunta formulada: ¿Cómo se relacionan las estadísticas de homicidios entre 2016 y 2019, y las medidas de prevención, protección y seguridad del Estado colombiano con los líderes sociales y defensores de derechos humanos? Analizando de manera detenida las cifras de INDEPAZ y del Gobierno frente a los homicidios de líderes y defensores de derechos humanos por tipo de liderazgo y municipios, en el periodo 2016-2019 en Colombia. La investigación tiene un paradigma interpretativo, con enfoque cualitativo; fortalecido por tipologías descriptivas y hermenéuticas, capaz de vincular sujetos, objetos y fenómenos reales, que se encuentra configurado por diferentes factores como: cultivos ilícitos, rutas del narcotráfico, minería ilegal y legal, desplazamiento forzado y la implementación del Acuerdo de Paz, por municipios e incluso por tipos de liderazgo. A través de los datos e información proporcionada se pudo concluir que se presentan irregularidades en las medidas de prevención, protección y seguridad por parte del Estado.
Paradoja transgénero : alteraciones emocionales más frecuentes durante la transición.
Authors: Basante Ballesteros Marian Sofía , Ortiz Quevedo Jenny Patricia
Published: July 2021

El tema de la diversidad sexual hace un llamado a la sociedad a reflexionar, reconocer y aceptar las otras identidades de género y sus expresiones, en este sentido, la presente investigación plantea como objetivo  reconocer las alteraciones psicoemocionales más frecuentes de una persona transgénero durante su transición de género en la etapa comprendida entre los 10 a 19 años. El proceso investigativo se enmarca en el enfoque  cualitativo y se utilizó la metodología de revisión documental. Como resultados se evidenció que las alteraciones emocionales en las personas transgénero no son a causa de la disforia de género, ya que  no es una patología. En este sentido, son producto de las constantes discriminaciones y abusos a los que se enfrentan. Dentro de los trastornos emocionales más frecuentes se encuentran la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés. También se expone la importancia del contexto familiar como uno de los factores más influyentes para la conformación de un adecuado proceso de transición de género.
La planificación turística: un aspecto clave para el desarrollo sostenible y regional de Boyacá
Authors: Meneses Tannia Álvarez
Published: July 2021

El artículo presenta inicialmente una compilación de información pertinente a la política pública nacional y regional en torno al turismo, a raíz de la gran importancia que ha adquirido esta actividad en el desarrollo económico y social del país y del departamento de Boyacá. En esta búsqueda se evidencian las falencias en las que ha caído el desarrollo turístico, haciendo énfasis especial en lo relacionado con los débiles procesos de planificación y de gestión integrados, que realmente conduzcan a un desarrollo turístico sostenible  y por lo cual se hace necesario ejecutar acciones concretas, a través de proyectos y programas claramente definidos que aporten al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la comunidad local. Por ello es necesario entrar a profundizar en lo que implican estos procesos de planificación en turismo, los cuales deben estar enmarcados por principios del desarrollo sostenible. Esta reflexión conduce a evidenciar como la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, desde su misión educativa y formativa, aporta de manera significativa a la región y contribuye a la cualificación del talento humano regional y local, a partir de una propuesta académica pertinente como lo es la Especialización en Planificación del Turismo Sostenible.
El diseño organizacional como estrategia de fortalecimiento para la empresa Calcalizas de Nobsa, Boyacá
Authors: Calixto Mónica Bibiana González , Plazas Viviana Marcela Hernández , Balaguera Luz Mery Corredor
Published: July 2021

Calcalizas es una micro-empresa minera ubicada en el municipio de Nobsa, Boyacá, Colombia, constituida como persona natural hace 16 años, se dedica a la explotación y comercialización de piedra caliza y sus derivados. La empresa se ha mantenido en el mercado, pero factores como la falta de organización y de direccionamiento estratégico, provocaron que sus competidores tomaran ventaja. Por esta razón, y en busca de una organización adecuada a sus condiciones, que le permitiera un mayor nivel de competitividad, se realizó el diseño organizacional de Calcalizas. A partir del diagnóstico empresarial, se analizó información interna y externa del sector minero y de la construcción, a nivel regional y nacional, luego se diseñó la estructura organizacional por procesos y se sistematizaron los manuales de funciones, procesos y procedimientos. Para conseguir la información y socializar el trabajo, se realizaron entrevistas, talleres y reuniones con el propietario, los empleados y algunos clientes. Como consecuencia, se organizó la empresa involucrando al personal, se lograron cambios a nivel estratégico con enfoque a los clientes y se identificaron otras oportunidades de mejoramiento. También se confirma la necesidad de adaptar el diseño organizacional, según las características específicas de la empresa y su entorno, así como hacerlo coherente con la estrategia.
Conexiones etnomatemáticas entre conceptos geométricos en la elaboración de las tortillas de Chilpancingo, México
Authors: Rodríguez-Nieto Camilo Andrés
Published: July 2021

En el artículo, se analizan las conexiones etnomatemáticas entre conceptos geométricos evidenciados en la elaboración de la tortilla por un comerciante de Chilpancingo, México. La investigación se fundamentó teóricamente en la Etnomatemática y la metodología fue cualitativa-etnográfica. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, aplicada a un comerciante de tortillas de la ciudad de Chilpancingo, México. En los resultados se presentan las conexiones entre los conceptos (circunferencia-círculo-cilindro), mediciones, conteos y sucesiones, que surgen en el proceso de elaboración, forma y comercialización de la tortilla. El análisis de la práctica de elaboración de tortillas, permitió identificar conceptos geométricos que aportan herramientas a la enseñanza de las matemáticas escolares, desde situaciones o tareas basadas en la cotidianidad. Se muestra a los profesores la existencia de otras formas de abordar los conceptos geométricos asociados, usando: papel, regla, lápiz y compás, junto con el software GeoGebra que permite visualizar los objetos matemáticos, y evidencia permanentemente las conexiones establecidas por una persona en las vistas gráfica y algebraica-simbólica.
Significados de referencia del objeto Grupo
Authors: Sepúlveda-Delgado Omaida , Suárez-Aguilar Zagalo Enrique , Pino-Fan Luis Roberto
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es responder la pregunta: ¿Cuál es el significado del objeto matemático Grupo? Para esto, se tiene en cuenta como referente teórico el Enfoque Ontosemiótico del Conocimiento y la Instrucción matemática. En esta dirección, se presenta una síntesis de la reconstrucción del significado global del objeto Grupo y de los significados de referencia dados en dos libros clásicos (Herstein y Gallian) y en dos libros contemporáneos (Lezama y Caicedo), siguiendo la metodología del análisis semiótico de textos, propuesta por dicho enfoque. Como resultado, se presentan los significados del objeto Grupo tanto global como los parciales, identificados en libros, donde se evidencia que estos pretenden llegar al trabajo con el significado “Abstracto”. Además, se proponen situaciones-problemas como estrategia de enseñanza para promover la comprensión de significados parciales identificados en las configuraciones epistémicas, emergentes del estudio epistemológico e histórico. El estudio de los significados de este objeto es importante en el diseño de la instrucción, para decidir cuáles de estos se implementan en el proceso de instrucción a través de las prácticas matemáticas que motivaron su desarrollo.
Topología en la UPTC: el legado del profesor Manuel Suárez —1941-2020—
Authors: Fúneme Cristian Camilo , Rodríguez Tiare Zulaima , Serna Robinson Julián
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo es un estudio de la acción investigativa y didáctica de Manuel Suárez Martínez ―1941-2020―, profesor emérito de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia entre los años 1971 y 2004, quien alcanzó reconocimiento nacional e internacional por la calidad e importancia de sus trabajos en el área de topología conjuntista y por su legado en la formación de docentes de matemáticas. A partir de entrevistas, documentos, testimonios, videos e imágenes, organizados e interpretados con los lineamientos de la teoría fundamentada, se describen sus principales trabajos investigativos, estrategias didácticas y experiencias docentes, con el propósito de que el tiempo no borre su invaluable aporte.
Balance historiográfico del Grupo Historia de la Salud en Boyacá-UPTC alrededor del Bicentenario
Authors: Martínez Abel Fernando , Otálora Andrés Ricardo
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se hace un balance historiográfico del Grupo de Investigación Historia de la Salud en Boyacá de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia en Tunja, alrededor del tema del Bicentenario de la Independencia de Colombia entre el 2008 y el 2021. La reflexión planteada abarca las formas de articulación y la consolidación de la investigación en historia sociocultural de la medicina y la salud, que un grupo de investigación regional realiza a partir de un tema coyuntural ―el bicentenario― y de las distintas derivaciones investigativas originadas a partir de este a través del tiempo. Las publicaciones ―alrededor de veinte―, conferencias y exposiciones sobre el tema permiten ampliar las redes académicas y lograr la apropiación social del conocimiento de los productos académicos, uno de los fines del grupo a través del Museo de Historia de la Medicina y la Salud de la UPTC.
Lazer e religião no Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Adriano Gonçalves da , Fonseca Carlos Alberto , Stoppa Edmur Antonio , Isayama Hélder Ferreira
Published: July 2021

Tendo em vista as relações historicamente estabelecidas entre religião e lazer, e a partir do suporte dos dados da pesquisa “Lazer no Brasil: representações e concretizações das vivências cotidianas”, este artigo busca compreender se a religião interfere nas vivências e desejos relacionados ao lazer de residentes do sudeste brasileiro. Foi possível observar que os compromissos religiosos são encarados como obrigação principalmente nos segmentos evangélicos, sobretudo pelas mulheres. Os dados indicam que o segmento religioso influencia nas atividades realizadas no final de semana. Contudo, o imperativo do trabalho parece direcionar as atividades semanais e as férias. O imaginário das pessoas sobre o que desejam praticar em seu tempo livre ou em suas férias é habitado principalmente pelas atividades turísticas. Os dados apresentados neste estudo exploratório chamam a atenção para questões que merecem aprofundamentos sobre as relações entre a religião e o lazer.
KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK DALAM PEMBUATAN SURAT KETERANGAN TEMPAT USAHA (SKTU) SECARA ONLINE di DINAS PENANAMAN MODAL DAN PELAYANAN SATU PINTU KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Sulastri Anna , Widyakanti Widyakanti
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kualitas pelayanan publik dalam pembuatan surat keterangan tempat usaha (SKTU) secara online di Dinas Penanaman Modal Satu Pintu Kota Banjarmasin dan faktor-faktor penghambatnya dimana pelayanan yang berkualitas kepada masyarakat menjadi salah satu indikator dari keberhasilan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah  penelitian   deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Fokus penelitian kualitas pelayanan publik secara online  menggunakan empat dimensi  yaitu efficiency, fulfillment, system availability dan privacy.Hasil penelitian  kualitas pelayanan publik dalam pembuatan surat keterangan tempat usaha  sudah cukup baik dimana untuk  persyaratan pelayanan, sistem mekanisme dan prosedur, biaya/ tarif dan prosedur pelayanan  sudah berjalan baik , masyarakat merasa  mudah   untuk mengaksesnya website nya dan pelayanan sudah  sesuai dengan Standart Operasional Prosedur (SOP) namun untuk jangka waktu penyelesaian dan  pelayanan pengaduan belum baik dan belum memuaskan masyarakat karena tidak sesuai dengan SOP yaitu ketidaksesuaian akurasi janji layanan terkait jangka waktu penyelesaian standart pelayanan yang berlaku  serta pengaduan masyarakat lambat direspon oleh petugas .  Faktor-faktor penghambat  adalah kendala jaringan dan kurangnya staff pelayanan di bagian  Front Office.Kata Kunci: Kualitas Pelayanan Elektronik, Pelayanan Publik Surat Keterangan Tempat Usaha (SKTU)
ADAPTIVE LEARNING IN COLLEGEIN THE PANDEMIC TIME COVID-19
Authors: Wahyu Wahyu
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 virus has triggered chaos in various fields of life globally, including education. Holding activities to gain knowledge together is no longer recommended to be held. Many countries eliminate face-to-face learning and replace it with online learning line. This policy was implemented to reduce the spread of the Covid-19 Virus. In line with these efforts, campuses as a place to forge themselves with knowledge also need to have a strategy to help reduce the spread of Covid-19. Efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19 in the campus environment will be in line with the government's appeal, namely to organize online learning at home. Online learning creates logical consequences, for the perpetrators, both for students and teachers. One side of online learning is an alternative to minimizing the possibility of crowding, but online learning also creates challenges to present material in a manner that can accommodate scientific demands. Despite the challenges, online learning is certainly expected to foster an attitude of optimism, provide challenges and opportunities to develop student innovation, creativity, capacity, personality and needs. The solution, lecturers are required to have abilities in the field of learning technology. Another logical consequence is that higher education leaders must be active in optimizing the performance of using online facilities for all lecturers, students, and educational staff.
PERKEMBANGAN MORAL SISWA SMP TERHADAP PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN DI SEPANJANG PESISIR PANTAI TAKISUNG MELALUI PENYELESAIAN MASALAH
Authors: Rusmalina Rusmalina , Biyatmoko Danang , Putra Aminuddin Prahatama
Published: July 2021

Masalah lingkungan hidup adalah masalah moral, dan itu berkaitan dengan perilaku manusia. Berdasarkan survei lapangan di sepanjang pesisir Pantai Takisung bahwa banyak kegiatan yang dilakukan di daerah pesisir mengakibatkan daerah ini sangat rentan terhadap kerusakan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tahap perkembangan moral siswa SMP terhadap permasalahan lingkungan melalui penyelesaian masalah yang valid dan reliabel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 8 siswa SMPN 1 Takisung yang telah ditentukan melalui teori Hipotetik. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, dokumentasi, wawancara, dan triangulasi. 4 tahapan pada analisis data yaitu: data collection, data reduction, display data, dan conclution drawing and verification. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tahap perkembangan moral siswa SMP terhadap permasalahan di sepanjang pesisir Pantai Takisung melalui penyelesaian masalah diperoleh 4 tahap PMPMPP. PMPMPP 1 yaitu explore idea, PMPMPP 2 yaitu selection idea, PMPMPP 3 yaitu relational, dan PMPMPP 4 yaitu implementasi & extended abstract.
ADSORPTION OF 4-CHLORPHENOL BY BROWN COAL ACTIVATED BY POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
Authors: Tamarkina Yuliia , Kucherenko Volodymyr , Frolova Iryna
Published: July 2021

The purpose of work is to evaluate the 4-chlorophenol (CP) adsorption capacity of brown coal activated carbons (ACs) prepared at different temperature of KOH activation. ACs were obtained in three stages: 1) impregnation of coal with a KOH solution, 2) heating (4 deg/min) in argon to a given temperature t (400-800°C) and exposure for 1 h, 3) cooling, washing from KOH, drying. The samples are designated as AC(t). Based on the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, the ACs total pore volume (Vt, cm3/g) and specific surface area (S, m2/g) were determined. The ACs adsorption capacity were measured at 25°С, CP concentration ≤700 mg/L, АC dosage – 1 g/L.
The alkaline activation temperature was found to be a key factor in forming porosity of ACs and ability to adsorb CP. The CP maximum capacity (ACP(m), mg/g) increases 6.6 times up to 307 mg/g for AC(800) having S=1142 m2/g. The specific adsorption capacity (ACP(S) = ACP(m)/S, mg/m2) sharply decreases in a sample range from AC(400) to AC(550) and weakly depends on temperature at 550-800°C. The kinetics of CP adsorption is best described by a pseudo-second order model. The rate determining stage is the interaction of CP molecules with AC surface. The CP adsorption isotherms are best described by the Langmuir model.
The dependence of the ACP(m) from S can be approximated by three linear equations that probably correspond to the three regions of forming surface adsorbtion centers (AdCs). The first (S≤370 m2/g) is characterized by a small adsorption capacity increment (kS=0.103 mg/m2), but a significant (16.4 times) decrease in the specific capacity ACP(S). In the second region (S=370-770 m2/g, t=550-750°C), capacity increment is 10 times more (kS=0.985 mg/m2) and in the third region (S≥770 m2/g, t≥750°C) the increase in CP capacity is the smallest (kS=0.067 mg/m2). The thermoinitiated formation of AdCs is assumed to be not proportional to the increase in surface area, and their chemical structure and reactivity is determined by the alkaline activation temperature.
ELIMINATION OF ANTIBIOTICS BY PHOTOCATALYTIC METHODS
Authors: Kutuzova Anastasiya , Dontsova Tetiana , Davydova Maryna
Published: July 2021

Antibiotics have been found in water bodies of different origin around the world, including natural waters. The presence of antibiotics in natural waters is already an important environmental problem, as they pose a potential threat to the environment. Analysis of the literature shows that photocatalytic methods are considered to be more promising than biological methods and adsorption processes for the treatment of water bodies contaminated with antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of antibiotics removal (ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) by photocatalytic methods over TiO2 photocatalyst modified with yttrium oxide. For this purpose, a commercial sample of TiO2 P25 (Evonik) was modified, which was further characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis methods. The obtained data indicate the presence of yttrium in commercial P25 sample after modification. Studies on the removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions by photocatalytic methods were carried out in three ways: employing modified photocatalyst; combination of photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide, and the combination of photocatalyst with hydrogen peroxide and ozone. The results of research demonstrate high efficiency of photocatalytic methods in the oxidation of antibiotics in aqueous solutions, among which the greatest oxidation is achieved using the combination of heterogeneous photocatalyst, hydrogen peroxide and ozone.
Diversity in Typhoid Diagnostic Protocols And Recommendation for Composite Reference Standard
Authors: Igiri Bernard , Okoduwa Stanley Irobekhian Reuben , Munirat Shaibu Ahmed , Otu-Bassey Iquo Bassey , Bashir Abdullahi , Onyiyioza Otori Mercy , Enang Idongesit A. , Okoduwa Ugochi Judith
Published: July 2021

Typhoid fever is a major public health burden which causes substantial global morbidity and mortality due to lack of decisive diagnostic protocols. The capacity of commonly use diagnostic test to validate the absence of typhoid fever is controversial. This study explores to evaluate new techniques for typhoid diagnosis and proposed a harmonised suitable standardized composite reference to be adopted. Published peer-reviewed articles indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google scholar were reviewed for hospital-based studies. This study reveals new typhoid diagnostic techniques such as proteomics, serology, Rapid Diagnostic tests (RDTs), transcriptomics, genomics, and metabolomics. 34.4% of the studies use prospective study design. The study result establishes that, Widal test has a moderate diagnostic accuracy with average percentage sensitivity (52.9%), specificity (54%), positive predictive value (PPV) (56.8%) as well as negative predictive value (NPV) (55.6%) when compared with 29.4%, 28%, 29.5%, and 27.8% of Typhidot respectively. The findings showed a statistically significant difference on the sensitivity between Widal and Typhidot t (40) = 2.639, p = 0.012 at p<0.05 using independent sample t-test. When there is no perfect reference standard that has an optimal diagnostic accuracy, the need for a harmonised suitable standardized composite reference is essential. Hence, this study recommends that, peripheral blood culture with established sensitivity of 60% and Widal test with average sensitivity of 52.9% be adopted as a consensus composite reference standard for typhoid fever diagnosis in other to improve confidence in prevalence estimates.
Opensync: An Opensource Platform for Synchronizing Multiple Measures in Neuroscience Experiments
Authors: Razavi Ghods Moein , Janfaza Vahid , Yamauchi Takashi , Leontyev Anton , Longmire-Monford Shanle , Orr Joseph
Published: July 2021

Background: The human mind is multimodal. Yet most behavioral studies rely on century-old measures such as task accuracy and latency. To create a better understanding of human behavior and brain functionality, we should introduce other measures and analyze behavior from various aspects. However, it is technically complex and costly to design and implement the experiments that record multiple measures. To address this issue, a platform that allows synchronizing multiple measures from human behavior is needed. Method: This paper introduces an opensource platform named OpenSync, which can be used to synchronize multiple measures in neuroscience experiments. This platform helps to automatically integrate, synchronize and record physiological measures (e.g., electroencephalogram (EEG), galvanic skin response (GSR), eye-tracking, body motion, etc.), user input response (e.g., from mouse, keyboard, joystick, etc.), and task-related information (stimulus markers). In this paper, we explain the structure and details of OpenSync, provide two case studies in PsychoPy and Unity. Comparison with existing tools: Unlike proprietary systems (e.g., iMotions), OpenSync is free and it can be used inside any opensource experiment design software (e.g., PsychoPy, OpenSesame, Unity, etc., https://pypi.org/project/OpenSync/ and https://github.com/moeinrazavi/OpenSync_Unity). Results: Our experimental results show that the OpenSync platform is able to synchronize multiple measures with microsecond resolution.
Evolutionary Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Space and Time During the First Phase of the Epidemic in Italy
Authors: Lai Alessia , Bergna Annalisa , Toppo Stefano , Morganti Marina , Menzo Stefano , Ghisetti Valeria , Bruzzone Bianca , Codeluppi Mauro , Fiore Vito , Venanzi Rullo Emmanuele , Antonelli Guido , Sarmati Loredana , Brindicci Gaetano , Callegaro Annapaola , Sagnelli Caterina , Francisci Daniela , Vicenti Ilaria , Miola Arianna , Tonon Giovanni , Cirillo Daniela , Menozzi Ilaria , Caucci Sara , Cerutti Francesco , Orsi Andrea , Schiavo Roberta , Babudieri Sergio , Nunnari Giuseppe , Mastroianni Claudio M. , Andreoni Massimo , Monno Laura , Guarneri Davide , Coppola Nicola , Crisanti Andrea , Galli Massimo , Zehender Gianguglielmo
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was the reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamics in time and space in Italy and Europe between February and June 2020. The cluster analysis showed that pure Italian clusters were observed mainly after the lockdown and distancing measures were adopted. Lineage B and B.1 spread between late January and early February 2020, from China to Veneto and Lombardy, respectively. Lineage B.1.1 most probably evolved within Italy and spread from central to south Italian regions, and to European countries. The lineage B.1.1.1 entered Italy only in the second half of March and remained localized in Piedmont until June 2020. In conclusion, the reconstructed ancestral scenario suggests a central role of China and Italy in the widespread diffusion of the D614G variant in Europe in the early phase of the pandemic and more dispersed exchanges involving several European countries from the second half of March 2020.
Computational Determination of Macroscopic Mechanical and Thermal Material Properties for Different Microstructural Variants of Cast Iron
Authors: Herrmann Christoph , Schmid Stefan , Schneider Daniel , Selzer Michael , Nestler Britta
Published: July 2021

The sensitivity of macroscopic mechanical and thermal properties of grey cast iron is computationally investigated for a variety of graphite microstructures over a wide temperature range. In order to represent common graphite microstructures according to DIN EN ISO 945-1, a synthetic approach is used to algorithmically generate simulation domains. The developed mechanical and thermal model is applied in a large simulation study. The study includes statistical volume elements of the graphite microstructures classes GG-15 and IA2 to IA5, with 10 v.-%, 11 v.-% and 12 v.-% graphite, respectively, for a temperature range from 20 °C to 750 °C. Homogenized macroscopic quantities such as the Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios, yield strengths and thermal conductivities are predicted for the different microstructure classes by applying simulation and data analysis tools of the research data infrastructure Kadi4Mat.
Hybrid Active-and-Passive Relaying Model for 6G-IoT Greencom Networks with SWIPT
Authors: Gautam Sumit , Solanki Sourabh , Sharma Shree Krishna , Chatzinotas Symeon , Ottersten Björn
Published: July 2021

In order to support a massive number of resource-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and machine-type devices, it is crucial to design future beyond 5G/6G wireless networks in an energy-efficient manner while incorporating suitable network coverage expansion methodologies. To this end, this invited paper proposes a novel two-hop hybrid active-and-passive relaying scheme to facilitate simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) considering both the time-switching (TS) and power-splitting (PS) receiver architectures, while dynamically modelling the involved dual-hop time-period (TP) metric. An optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize the throughput, harvested energy, and transmit power of a SWIPT-enabled system with the proposed hybrid scheme. In this regard, we provide two distinct ways to obtain suitable solutions based on the Lagrange dual technique and Dinkelbach method assisted convex programming, respectively, where both the approaches yield an appreciable solution within polynomial computational-time. The experimental results are obtained by directly solving the primal problem using a non-linear optimizer. Our numerical results in terms of weighted utility function show the superior performance of proposed hybrid scheme over passive repeater-only and active relay-only schemes, while also depicting their individual performance benefits over the corresponding benchmark SWIPT systems with the fixed-TP.
Peptide Location Fingerprinting Reveals Tissue Region-specific Differences in Protein Structures in an Ageing Human Organ
Authors: Eckersley Alexander , Ozols Matiss , Chen Peikai , Tam Vivian , Hoyland Judith A , Trafford Andrew , Chan Danny , Sherratt Michael J
Published: July 2021

In ageing tissues, long-lived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are susceptible to the accumulation of structural damage due to diverse mechanisms including glycation, oxidation and protease cleavage. Peptide location fingerprinting (PLF) is a new mass spectrometry (MS) analysis technique capable of identifying proteins exhibiting structural differences in complex proteomes. PLF applied to published young and aged intervertebral disc (IVD) MS datasets (posterior, lateral and anterior regions of the annulus fibrosus), identified 268 proteins with age-related structural differences. For several ECM assemblies (collagens I, II and V and aggrecan), these differences were markedly conserved between degeneration-prone (posterior and lateral) and resistant (anterior) regions. Significant differences in peptide yields, observed within collagen I, II and V α-chains (COL1A2, COL2A1, COL5A1), were located within their triple helical regions and/or cleaved C-terminal propeptides, indicating potential accumulation of damage and impaired maintenance in ageing. Several proteins (COL5A1, COL2A1 and aggrecan) also exhibited tissue region (lateral)-specific differences in structure between aged and young, suggesting that some ageing mechanisms may act locally within tissues. This study not only provides evidence of age-related changes in ECM protein structures which are tissue-region specific, but also highlights the ability of PLF to identify potential protein biomarkers of localised tissue remodelling.
Pathophysiological Roles of Abnormal Axon Initial Segments in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Fujitani Masashi , Otani Yoshinori , Miyajima Hisao
Published: July 2021

The 20–60-μm axon initial segment (AIS) is proximally located at the interface between the axon and cell body. AIS has characteristic molecular and structural properties regulated by the crucial protein, ankyrin-G. The AIS contains a high density of Na+ channels relative to the cell body, which allows low thresholds for initiation of action potential (AP). Molecular and physiological studies have shown that the AIS is also a key domain for the control of neuronal excitability by homeostatic mechanisms. The AIS has high plasticity in normal developmental processes and pathological activities such as injury, neurodegeneration, and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). In the first half of this review, we provide an overview of the molecular, structural, and ion-channel characteristics of AIS, AIS regulation through axo-axonic synapses, and axo-glial interactions. In the second half, to understand the relationship between NDDs and AIS, we discuss the activity-dependent plasticity of AIS, the human mutation of AIS regulatory genes, and the pathophysiological role of the abnormal AIS in the NDD model animals and patients. We propose that AIS may provide a potentially valuable structural biomarker in response to abnormal network activity in vivo as well as a new treatment concept at the neural circuit level.
Impact of professional self-improvement on the effectiveness of teachers in distance education
Authors: Vrazhnova Marina Nikolaevna , Anastasov Mark Socratovich , Nikiporets-Takigawa Galina Yurievna
Published: July 2021

Distance education requires the teacher to conduct systematic classes with the student, methodologically competent use the developed content for distance learning, means of communication, and educational resources of the Internet, as well as implement technical support for the educational process. The purpose of the study is to develop educational and methodological support for the process of professional self-improvement of teachers in higher education institutions when working remotely. The study analyzes the role of a teacher in the distance learning system, identifies the types of teacher’s activities, as well as the requirements and conditions for their successful work. Working online expands and renews the teacher’s role, makes them a mentor-consultant who coordinates the cognitive process, constantly improving their course and increasing creativity and qualifications in accordance with innovations. Based on empirical research using the survey method, the dynamics of teachers’ readiness to work online before and after passing the interdisciplinary course “Distance Education Technologies in the Educational Process of the University” were determined. Positive results in the formation of teachers’ readiness to work online after completing the course were obtained. The study concluded that the readiness of teachers to work remotely can be increased if the appropriate educational and methodological support is developed and implemented in higher education institutions, which will lead to an increase in the effectiveness of teachers’ work.
A comparative analysis of the parameters of a rotating magnetic field inductor when using concentric and loop windings
Authors: Milykh V. I. , Tymin M. G.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Three-phase inductors of a rotating magnetic field are used in grinders, separators and stirrers for the technological processing of bulk and liquid substances. This occurs in a cylindrical working chamber under the influence of ferromagnetic elements in the form of pieces of iron wire, which move together with the field. Problem. By analogy with three-phase induction motors, for the stator of inductors a concentric winding is adopted, which is a diametric single-layer winding. When moving from such motors to an inductor, its operating conditions have changed due to the significantly increased non-magnetic space inside the inductor compared to the motor clearances. The difference in the frontal parts of the phase windings has become essential for the electromagnetic parameters and the structure of the magnetic field in the inductor working chamber. Therefore, a loop shortened stator winding, which is symmetrical, can be considered as an alternative to a concentric diametric winding. Goal. The aim of the work is to compare the dimensional and electromagnetic parameters of a rotating magnetic field inductor in two versions of its three-phase winding: concentric single-layer diametrical and loop shortened two-layer. Methodology. Comparison of the windings is carried out through a detailed analysis of the geometrical parameters of their frontal parts, as well as through numerical-field calculations of the electromagnetic parameters of the inductor as a whole and the distribution of the magnetic field in its working chamber. Results. A significant difference in the geometrical parameters of the frontal parts of the two windings under inductor conditions was revealed. The loop version of the winding makes it possible to reduce the length of the winding conductor, its active resistance, as well as the reactance of its frontal dissipation. At the same time the asymmetry of the phase windings is excluded and an increase in the homogeneity of the magnetic field in the inductor working chamber is provided. Originality. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a method of comparative analysis of the windings under the conditions of the rotating magnetic field inductor and in revealing the advantages of a loop shortened winding compared to the used concentric diametric winding. Practical value. The loop shortened stator winding recommended for the inductor will eliminate the asymmetry of its electromagnetic system. Thereby, the quality of its work in the technological processing of different substances is significantly increased due to ensuring the homogeneity of the magnetic field in the working chamber. At the same time, the copper conductor of the winding is still saved, and the efficiency of the inductor is also increased by reducing the power of electrical losses.
Ultimate effect of non-identity of capacitive elements of high-voltage arm on frequency characteristics of voltage divider (analytical research)
Authors: Brzhezitsky V. O. , Haran Y. O. , Derzhuk A. O. , Protsenko O. R. , Trotsenko Y. O. , Dixit M. M.
Published: July 2021

Purpose. Determination in the analytical form of the maximum limiting influence of the non-identity of the capacitive elements of the high-voltage arm on the amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic of the voltage divider with parallel-series connection of R-, C-elements of the high-voltage arm. Methodology. Based on the previously developed theory of broadband voltage dividers with parallel-series connection of R-, C-elements, analytical expressions for amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the voltage divider are obtained and investigated taking into account the limit case of non-identical capacitive elements of high-voltage arm. Results. The nature of the dependencies of the frequency characteristics of the broadband voltage divider on the value of the tolerance of the capacitive elements of the high-voltage arm, the division factor of the voltage divider in a wide range of frequency changes is determined. Simplified approximating expressions for the maximum values of frequency characteristics of the voltage divider are proposed and their error is determined. Originality. For the first time in the analytical form the limiting influence of non-identity of capacitive elements of a high-voltage arm of a voltage divider on its frequency characteristics is considered. A mathematical model of this influence is constructed and the limit values of frequency characteristics of the voltage divider are determined. Practical value. It is recommended to introduce into the normative documentation of broadband voltage dividers the corrected value of the division factor, which allows to significantly reduce the deviation of the actual value of the division factor of the voltage divider from the normalized value in a wide range of frequency changes.
Traction electric drive based on fuel cell batteries and on-board inertial energy storage for multi unit train
Authors: Omelyanenko V. I. , Riabov Ie. S. , Overianova L. V. , Omelianenko H. V.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the work is to study the possibility and features of the use of inertial storage devices in the traction electric drive of multi unit train with a power plant based on fuel cells. Methodology. The principle of power flow control in traction electric drives in the modes of acceleration and braking of rolling stock is proposed. The mathematical model of the traction electric drive in the form of the combination of three components: the train, the traction unit and the battery of fuel cells is developed. It was used to study the operation of a traction electric drive when solving a test traction task for rolling stock. Results. It is established that the use of inertial energy storage reduces hydrogen consumption by at least 25 %, which increases the mileage of rolling stock between equipment by more than 30 %. Originality. The traction electric drive on the basis of fuel elements and the inertial energy storage for the multi unit train is offered. The work of the proposed traction electric drive in solving the test traction problem for rolling stock is investigated. Practical significance. A mathematical model of the traction electric drive has been developed. The test traction problem for rolling stock is solved.