bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUSTENTABILIDADE EM SISTEMAS AGRÍCOLAS INTEGRADOS: UMA APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO MESMIS EM COOPERATIVA DE PEQUENOS PRODUTORES RURAIS
Authors: Martins Maria de Fatima , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde , Aires Alcimara Batista
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a sustentabilidade de sistemas agrícolas comatividades integradas (hidroponia, dessalinização, microalga e aquaponia),tendo como objeto de estudo as atividades da Cooperativa Hidroçu, em São Joãodo Cariri (PB), a partir do Método MESMIS. A pesquisa é caracterizada comodescritiva, exploratória e de abordagem quali-quantitativa. Para coleta dedados, utilizou-se de pesquisa documental e de campo. Para análise dasinformações, triangulação dos dados primários e secundários, embasamentoteórico e percepção dos pesquisadores foram empregados. Os resultadosevidenciam que as atividades agrícolas da Cooperativa apresentam médiacontribuição à sustentabilidade no tocante às dimensões econômica e social,e alta contribuição em relação ao aspecto ambiental, por meio de processosintegrados, nos quais a hidroponia permite redução dos impactos da atividadeagrícola no solo e na preservação dos recursos naturais. Assim, a Cooperativaé vista pelos cooperados como alternativa promissora que gera empregoe renda em uma região caracterizada por longos períodos de estiagem,que inviabilizam a atividade agrícola convencional.
EMPREGO DE FONTES DE CONTAMINAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES GEOMETRIAS NAS ESTIMATIVAS DO RISCO À SAÚDE HUMANA DEVIDO À INGESTÃO DE ÁGUA SUBTERRÂNEA CONTAMINADA
Authors: Siqueira Tirzah Moreira
Published: April 2017

A metodologia de Avaliação de Risco à Saúde Humana é comumentedesenvolvida empregando a solução de Domenico para transporte decontaminantes em água subterrânea por meio de um plano vertical normalao fluxo subterrâneo. Essa solução não se aplica a situações em que ageometria da fonte de contaminação não é um plano vertical, tais comotrincheiras, poços de injeção, entre outras. Dessa forma, um conjunto desoluções analíticas para diferentes geometrias de fonte foi apresentado.Para comparação, escolheram-se as geometrias de plano vertical e prismapara verificar as influências na evolução da pluma de contaminação e suasimplicações na estimativa do valor do risco de efeitos carcinogênicos poringestão de água subterrânea contaminada por benzeno. Os resultadosdemonstraram não haver diferenças significativas nas estimativas daconcentração de equilíbrio ao se considerar os fluxos ao longo de um planovertical normal e através de um prisma, o que não resultou em diferençasnos riscos à saúde humana calculados a partir dessas concentrações.
ÁREAS VERDES PÚBLICAS URBANAS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A MELHORIA DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UM PARQUE ECOLÓGICO URBANO NA CIDADE DE FORTALEZA (CEARÁ, BRASIL)
Authors: Lima Sabrina Morais de , Garcez Danielle Sequeira
Published: April 2017

O presente estudo buscou identificar as funções desempenhadas pelo ParqueEcológico do Rio Cocó como área verde pública urbana de Fortaleza, Ceará, eanalisou de que forma essas funções contribuem para a melhoria da qualidadede vida daqueles que utilizam o espaço. Entrevistas realizadas por aplicaçãode formulários, com 64 usuários do parque, confirmaram a importância dadapelas pessoas às áreas verdes em razão de seu papel para uma boa qualidadede vida. A esta foram associados: “práticas esportivas e atividades físicas”;“segurança pública”; “presença de parques, praças e áreas verdes”; “contatocom a natureza”; “educação de qualidade”; “acesso à água potável”; “sucessonas relações interpessoais”; “bom convívio familiar”; “realização profissional”;e “moradia adequada”. Este estudo também revelou a insatisfação dosentrevistados quanto ao número de áreas verdes em Fortaleza, mas o ParqueEcológico do Cocó destacou-se, entre as demais áreas disponíveis, como umespaço almejado dentro da estrutura urbana da cidade.
USO DA TERRA NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL TIETÊ: PLANEJAMENTO AMBIENTAL E GESTÃO TERRITORIAL
Authors: Pinto Bruna Gabriela de Carvalho , Toppa Rogério Hartung
Published: April 2017

Este artigo teve como objetivo identificar os conflitos de uso da terra associadosàs Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) (Lei Federal no 12.651/2012), demodo a fornecer subsídios para o planejamento e a gestão territorial da Áreade Proteção Ambiental (APA) Tietê, localizada na Região Metropolitana deSorocaba. Mapeou-se o uso da terra por meio de classificação automáticasupervisionada de imagem do satélite RapidEye e determinou-se os conflitoscom o auxílio de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Concluiu-se que a APATietê possui predominância de usos agropecuários da terra, correspondendoa 78,45% da área total da Unidade de Conservação. A área encontra-se emestado crítico para conservação da biodiversidade, uma vez que 74,40% dasAPPs são compostas por usos da terra conflituosos.
FUNCIONALIDADE ECOLÓGICA DA RESTAURAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DEGRADADAS NO BIOMA MATA ATLÂNTICA, RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Altivo Felipe de Souza , Piña Rodrigues Fatima Conceição Marquéz
Published: April 2017

A funcionalidade ecológica de uma área restaurada está associada ao retornode processos como a ciclagem de nutrientes, aporte e estabelecimento denovos propágulos, os quais podem ser promovidos pela escolha adequadade espécies e pela promoção da diversidade funcional e de espécies. Em umarestauração de 50 ha situada no Rio de Janeiro, foram realizadas avaliações aos5 e aos 20 meses após o plantio, visando avaliar o estabelecimento de processosecológicos na restauração assim como identificar indicadores representativosdas alterações observadas. Para tanto, em 23 parcelas (25 x 4 m) foi empregadoum conjunto de indicadores de: (a) estrutura – área basal (AB) [ΣAB e AB/m²],altura média dos indivíduos e densidade (nº de indivíduos/ha); (b) diversidadeda comunidade – índices de diversidade de Shannon (H´) e de equitabilidade (J´)e riqueza de espécies (S=número de espécies); (c) função ecológica - presençade espécies de diferentes grupos funcionais (% de zoocóricas, pioneiras efixadoras de N2) e; (d) contexto da paisagem – cobertura de gramíneas (% decobertura do solo com gramíneas e com as projeções das copas no solo e% de regenerantes). As diferenças entre os anos para os indicadores foramavaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Para determinar quais indicadoresinfluenciaram nos resultados obtidos, foi efetuada a análise de componentesprincipais (PCA) pelo método de médias aritméticas não ponderadas(UPGMA) com 15 indicadores x idade. Do total de 88 espécies observadas nos2 períodos, 15 delas foram dominantes, com 51,1% dos indivíduos plantados.Nesse grupo, 8 tiveram taxas de mortalidade dos indivíduos superioresa 70%. Sugere-se que o plantio dessas espécies em alta densidade podecausar um processo de abertura de clareiras ao longo do tempo, facilitando orestabelecimento de gramíneas invasoras. Os indicadores mais eficientes paraavaliação das áreas foram: densidade, diversidade, equitabilidade (H´ e J) ecobertura de copa. Entre 5 e 20 meses de idade, houve redução significativada riqueza, sendo maior para famílias do que para espécies. Contudo,os indicadores de funções ecológicas não variaram entre as idades, apesar daredução na diversidade, mostrando que houve redundância funcional entrediferentes espécies.
CENÁRIO FUTURO DA DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA NA BACIA DO ALTO TIETÊ
Authors: Silva Maíra Cristina de Oliveira , Valverde María Cleofé
Published: April 2017

Este estudo objetivou analisar o comportamento futuro (near-future, de2017 a 2039) da chuva e da vazão na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Tietê (BHAT).Para isso, empregou-se o modelo climático global Meteorological ResearchInstitute-Japonese Meteorological Agency (MRI-JMA) para o cenário deemissões A2, pertencente ao Quarto Relatório do Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change (IPCC-AR4). Também foram utilizadas séries históricascom dados fluviométricos, pluviométricos e de temperatura do ar oriundos,principalmente, da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). A fim de estimar avazão futura, foi estabelecida uma relação empírica baseada na equaçãohidrológica simplificada. Os resultados das projeções indicam que a BHATpoderá ter um acréscimo na precipitação (5,9 mm) e na temperatura (0,86ºC)médias mensais em relação à climatologia. Para a vazão futura, projeta-seelevação durante a primavera (19,6%) e o verão (13,7%), e decréscimo noinverno (-9%) e no outono (-7%). Apesar das incertezas inerentes às projeçõesclimáticas, é fundamental gerenciar os recursos hídricos da bacia visando auma provável ampliação da variabilidade sazonal.
INFILTRATION STUDIES ON SOAKAWAYS RECEIVING EFFLUENTS FROM SINGLE HOUSEHOLD UASB AND SEPTIC TANK REACTORS
Authors: Oliveira Junior José Lima de , Sousa José Tavares de , Santos Andressa Muniz , Silva Saionara Alexandre da
Published: April 2017

Clogging tendency has been analyzed in sandy soil soakaways at pilot scalereceiving either septic tank effluent (SUM1) or UASB effluent (SUM2) andalso at laboratory scale (SUMB1 and SUMB2), in relation to Chemical OxygenDemand (COD) and accumulated Suspended Solids (SS) concentrations.Clogging was also estimated, by modeling the predicted time for infiltrationhydraulic failure. The laboratory results obtained with SUMB1 and SUMB2confirmed the results obtained for SUM1 and SUM2, showing thatsoakaways built in sandy soils which receive effluent from septic tankstreating predominantly domestic wastewater tended to clog 58% faster thanthose receiving UASB effluent. The good correlation observed between thedecrease in average infiltration rate and the time of operation suggests thatthe UASB reactor is a promising technological alternative to septic tanksas a pre‑treatment prior to effluent soil disposal for on‑site decentralizedwastewater treatment systems.
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) and focal cortical dysplasia: Case report of two pediatric patients with imaging features
Authors: Makola Monwabisi , Cecil Kim Maria
Published: April 2017

We describe the clinical course and imaging features from two children diagnosed with focal cortical dysplasia and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. These two children share similar pathology, however, this case report illustrates how their clinical presentation, management and imaging features differed with one treated primarily as a neoplasm, while the other as focal cortical dysplasia. These two patients illustrate the characteristics and challenges encountered with pediatric presentation of DNET and FCD. For patient 1, the clinical course, imaging and spectroscopic analyses reflected at early stage the ultimate pathological features of the lesion. In contrast, for patient 2, the early imaging features minimize what ultimately is predominately DNET.
The Relevance of English in Colombian Scientific Research Awareness
Authors: Cortes Jimy Alexander , Arellano Ivan Dario
Published: April 2017

Even though the majority of Colombian professors are also involved in research, they have limitations in their English language skills that separate them from the rest of the scientific society. Evidently, these limitations have become an obstacle in the awareness of professors’ modest, but no less important, research work. In order to carry out this study, we selected three remarkable higher education institutions of Pereira, Risaralda in Colombia. We used collected data from 2012 to 2015. A quantitative analysis of the number of articles in English in comparison to Spanish was done. Even though there has been an increasing number of articles in English, they are still limited. This research suggests an approach to evaluate the hypothesis raised by the authors that states that the low English-language proficiency of the scientists is affecting the visibility of Colombian and, overall, Latin American science. We propose to increase the visibility of Colombian science by publishing research papers in both languages, Spanish and in English. Finally, Latin American English writing skills require attention from their own governments to increase the awareness and contribution of these countries in a globalized world.
Critical Literacy Practices in EFL Reading Classroom -An Experimental Study towards Chinese University Students
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: April 2017

English as a world language is more than a way to exchange information but a means to solidify certain social hierarchy and represent certain social interests. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers should instruct critical awareness to empower students to transform social injustice and fulfill responsibilities as global citizens. This experimental study aims to investigate how Chinese EFL reading classes integrate with critical practice, whether critical literacy practice (CLP) contributes to achievements of language proficiency, how critical literacy practice shapes and is reshaped by students’ identities, and what contributions critical literacy practice can make to Chinese EFL reading classes. The experimental study throws light on EFL teaching.
Collaborative and Self-directed Learning Strategies to Promote Fluent EFL Speakers
Authors: Buitrago Angela Gamba
Published: April 2017

Speaking English with fluency is one of the most demanding challenges students and teachers face in many educational communities, and it has been claimed that fluency problems can derive from lack of practice during independent study. This research article reports on a mixed-methods study that analyzed the effects of using collaborative and self-directed learning strategies through speaking tasks aimed at developing oral fluency. This study was carried out with a group of 10 students with a pre-intermediate level (CEFR A2) in English at a Colombian university. Qualitative data from students’ reflections, compiled through a survey, and the teacher’s classroom observations was analyzed through the grounded theory approach. Quantitative analysis was aided by a protocol in which frequency counts of words and hesitations per minute for each speaking task were registered. The results suggest that fluency can be acquired collaboratively when learning from others and by making mistakes. Additionally, working collaboratively increases learners’ confidence not only because they feel they are not being judged but because they learn to see that their mistakes are not just theirs. Thus, collaboration is positively influenced by self-directed learning, in that it encourages students to make personal reflections on their weaknesses and strengths, thereby involving them in decision-making processes that identify what is not working properly and what they should do to succeed.
Hybrid Measurement Models for Technology-Enhanced Assessments Through mIRT-bayes
Authors: Scalise Kathleen
Published: April 2017

Technology-enhanced assessments (TEAs) are rapidly emerging in educational measurement. In contexts such as simulation and gaming, a common challenge is handling complex streams of information, for which new statistical innovations are needed that can provide high quality proficiency estimates for the psychometrics of complex TEAs. Often in educational assessments with formal measurement models, latent variable models such as item response theory (IRT) are used to generate proficiency estimates from evidence elicited. Such robust techniques have become a foundation of educational assessment, when models fit. Another less common approach to compile evidence is through Bayesian networks, which represent a set of random variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph. Network approaches can be much more flexibly designed for complex assessment tasks and are often preferred by task developers, for technology-enhanced settings. However, the Bayesian network-based statistical models often are difficult to validate and to gauge the stability and accuracy, since the models make assumptions regarding conditional dependencies that are difficult to test. Here a new measurement model family, mIRT-bayes, is proposed to gain advantages of both latent  variable models and network techniques combined through hybridization. Specifically, the technique described here embeds small Bayesian networks within an overarching multidimensional IRT model (mIRT), preserving the flexibility for task design while retaining the robust statistical properties of latent variable methods. Applied to simulation-based data from Harvard's Virtual Performance Assessments (VPA), the results of the new model show acceptable fit for the overarching mIRT model, along with reduction of the standard error of measurement through the embedded Bayesian networks, compared to use of mIRT alone. Overall for respondents, a finer grain-size of inference is made possible without additiona  testing time or scoring resources, showing potentially promise for this family of new hybrid models.
Characterizations Based on Cumulative Entropy of the Last-order Statistics
Authors: Kamari Osman
Published: April 2017

Cumulative Entropy (CE) as a measure of uncertainty alternative to Shannon entropy is proposed by Di Crescenzo and Longobardi (2009). In this paper, some properties of the cumulative entropy are derived and under conditions are showed the cumulative entropy of the last order statistics can determine the distribution function uniquely. Weibull family is characterized by ratio of the cumulative entropy of the last order statistics to its expectation. Also, some inequalities are presented for the cumulative entropy of reversed residual lifetime of a parallel system.
Linear Contrasts Based on an Extension of the Wilcoxon--Mann--Whitney Approach
Authors: Wilcox Rand R
Published: April 2017

A well-known approach to comparing two independent groups is to focus on the probability that a randomly sampled observation from the first group is less than a randomly sampled observation from the second group. The paper suggests a generalization that can be used with any linear contrast based on J>2 independent groups. Roughly, the proposed measure of effect size  reflects the probability that among 2K random variables, the typical average associated with first K variables is less than the typical average among the other K variables. In effect, it represents a relatively simple measure of effect size that might be used to supplement other measures of effect size when dealing with two-way and higher designs.
Corticosteroids and Hip Fracture Risk in Elderly Respiratory Patients
Authors: Tamura Tomohiro , Satoh Hiroaki
Published: April 2017

We read with interest the report by Karakatsani and associates on corticosteroids and hip fracture risk in elderly respiratory patients: EPIC-Greece cohort [...]
PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICAL RESULTS OF FARMS WITH APPLE
PRODUCTION IN POLAND AND IN GERMANY IN THE YEARS 2000-2014
Authors: Brzozowski Piotr , Zmarlicki Krzysztof
Published: April 2017

The purpose of the study was the comparison of production costs and profitability of dessert apple production between
Poland and Germany in the years 2000-2014. To accomplish this data from farms located at Niederelbe region in Germany
published yearly in one of local trade journals for growers, were used. In Poland the data were taken from, commercial apple
farms located in Grójec region, which were purposively selected from bigger set of farms investigated previously by authors. The
farms from Niederelbe region turned out to be more profitable than Polish ones. The biggest comparative advantage of lower
human labour costs on the site of Polish farms seem to be not threatened in the coming years. To strengthen their competitive
position, the Polish apple producers should seek to increase the orchard area in holdings.
THE ESTABLISHMENT, OPERATION AND LIQUIDATION OF STATE-OWNED
FARMS
Authors: Niedzielski Eugeniusz
Published: April 2017

This paper presents the indications of setting up the state-owned farms in the institutional sense, the general characteristics
of their activities and the organizational changes in more than 40 years of their existence, as well as the reasons for their
liquidation. Despite the passage of 25 years since the decision to liquidate the state-owned farms, the effects of their existence
and transformations are still an important element of the socio-economic reality, especially in regions, in which the participation
of the state sector in agriculture was high in the past. Assessing the causes and effects of the state-owned farms’ liquidation
is still the subject of different opinions, which is also highlighted in this study.
Právní úprava věci hromadné, souboru věcí a dopad jejich právní úpravy do praxe
Authors: Vážan Pavel
Published: April 2017

Příspěvek reaguje na pojem věci hromadné a souboru věcí, vymezení jejich vztahu s ohledem na současné pojetí těchto dvou pojmů a zejména pak na jejich praktické dopady ve světle zákona č. 89/2012 Sb., občanský zákoník. Cílem příspěvku není podat jednoznačnou a vyčerpávající odpověď na sporné otázky s těmito pojmy související, ale zhodnotit právní úpravu de lege lata, její dopad do právní praxe a případně vyvolat možné úvahy de lege ferenda.
Do-It-Yourself Fractal Functions
Authors: Shriver Janet , Willard Teri , McDaniel Mandy
Published: April 2017

In the set of fractal activities described in this article, students will accomplish much more than just creating a fun set of cards that simply resemble an art project.
Dynamic Displays of Data
Authors: Angotti Robin
Published: April 2017

The world today is inundated with data that communicate important mathematical ideas in a variety of representational forms. These different representations fundamentally affect how people interpret and use those ideas. However, graphical representations of data are no longer the typical static representations taught in secondary classrooms. Technological advances have given rise to nontraditional, multidimensional graphical representations that could not be displayed on a twodimensional sheet of paper.
Data Modeling Using Finite Differences
Authors: Rhoads Kathryn , Mendoza Alvarez James A.
Published: April 2017

The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) states that high school students should be able to recognize patterns of growth in linear, quadratic, and exponential functions and construct such functions from tables of data (CCSSI 2010). Accordingly, many high school curricula include a method that uses finite differences between data points to generate polynomial functions. That is, students may examine differences between successive output values (called first differences), successive differences of the first differences (second differences), or successive differences of the (n - 1)th differences (nth-order differences), and rely on the following:
Are Your Students Problem Performers or Problem Solvers
Authors: Barlow Angela T. , Duncan Matthew , Lischka Alyson E. , Hartland Kristin S. , Willingham J. Christopher
Published: April 2017

Examine these three strategies, which offer scaffolds for enhancing students' understanding and lead toward more meaningful investigations.
A closer look at intergroup threat within the dual process model framework: The mediating role of moral foundations
Authors: Hadarics Márton , Kende Anna
Published: April 2017

In our study we investigated how right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) are related to perceived intergroup threat, and also tested the potential mediating role of individualizing and binding moral foundations within this relationship pattern. According to our results, both RWA and SDO enhanced the perceived threat related to immigration. Furthermore, the effect of SDO was partly mediated by individualizing moral foundations, while the effect of RWA was partly mediated by both kinds of moral foundations. It seems that perceived intergroup threat, at least to some extent, is influenced by personal moral preferences that can be derived from individual dispositions and motivations.
Former à quelle activité socioculturelle ?
Authors: Buysse Alexandre A.J.
Published: April 2017

Nous examinons la formation à l’enseignement en tant que formation à des activités socioculturelles. Nous exposons en quoi la formation peut se décomposer comme étant la participation à trois activités distinctes : l’activité académique, l’activité d’enseignement et l’activité réflexive. Chacune des trois activités est porteuse d’une forme socioculturelle et dispose de particularités dans sa transmission. L’étudiant intériorise ainsi trois formations différentes et trois manières différentes de penser et d’élaborer du savoir. Après avoir décrit le cadre théorique qui permet de circonscrire une forme socioculturelle et son lien avec l’activité, nous décrivons les modes de transmission et les trois activités étudiées. Finalement, nous dégageons des propositions quant à la formation des enseignants.
Influences et trajectoire professionnelle : de l’enfance à l’entrée à la RTF (1928-1952)
Authors: Pierre Sylvie
Published: April 2017

Diplômé de l’IDHEC, Jean-Christophe Averty a entamé sa carrière à la Radiodiffusion-télévision française (RTF) en 1952. Ses réalisations couvrent plusieurs genres (documentaires, variétés, dramatiques), dans lesquels il se distingue par une recherche graphique et narrative sans précédent. Il est aujourd’hui connu comme celui qui est à l’origine de l’art télévisuel, c’est-à-dire de l’écriture par l’image. Apporter un éclairage sur l’influence de la période précédant son entrée à la télévision comme facteur explicatif de ses choix esthétiques constitue le sujet de cet article, qui s’appuie sur une série d’entretiens menés avec lui de 2011 à 2014. Il s’agit ici de présenter les hommes auprès desquels il a oeuvré, ainsi que les courants littéraires et artistiques qui l’ont influencé, afin de reconstituer le cheminement personnel et professionnel au cours duquel se forgeront les idées et les orientations qui marqueront sa carrière à la télévision.
Le jazz à la télévision française dans les années 1950 : du didactisme des premières représentations aux expérimentations de Jean-Christophe Averty
Authors: Mouëllic Gilles
Published: April 2017

Très présent à la radio et dans la presse françaises après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le jazz va conquérir peu à peu la télévision à partir de 1955. À la recherche du jazz, première série régulière sur le sujet, créée par Maurice Blettery et réalisée, pour l’écrasante majorité des émissions, par Jean-Christophe Averty, révèle une tension entre deux ambitions didactiques : l’une qui fait du jazz un prétexte pour aborder des « sujets de société », l’autre qui marque une volonté d’étudier la musique pour elle-même et d’affirmer le jazz comme témoignage d’un nouvel équilibre entre le « savant » et le « populaire ». Alors que les premières émissions sont construites autour d’une succession souvent maladroite d’extraits de longs métrages et de discours d’experts reconnus, Averty s’émancipe progressivement des contraintes éditoriales de la série pour mettre en images la musique et explorer les moyens propres à la télévision. À partir de la fin de la décennie, il prend en charge de nouvelles émissions, dont Modern Jazz at Studio 4, dans lesquelles il privilégie la performance des musiciens et fait du jazz un terrain d’expérimentation idéal pour inventer un univers plastique que l’on peut qualifier, bien avant les oeuvres de Nam June Paik, d’art vidéo.
Kant en México
Authors: Granja Castro Dulce María , Leyva Gustavo
Published: April 2017

Convocatoria a autores
Prevalência de aloimunização eritrocitária em pacientes portadores de anemia falciforme
Authors: Vizzoni Alexandre Gomes , Moreira Heladya Maria Matos
Published: April 2017

Embora as transfusões de concentrado de hemácias sejam importantes para o tratamento de pacientes com anemia falciforme, elas acarretam riscos imunológicos tais como a aloimunização a antígenos eritrocitários. Aproximadamente 50% dos pacientes de anemia falciforme recebem transfusões no decorrer da vida, e entre 5 e 10% desses pacientes são submetidos a um programa de transfusão crônica. A aloimunização eritrocitária é uma complicação relativamente comum, podendo até mesmo levar a reações transfusionais hemolíticas tardias, contribuindo para aumentar as comorbidades da doença. Importantes medidas para prevenção dessas complicações nesses pacientes são o uso de hemácias previamente fenotipadas, além da fenotipagem do próprio receptor de concentrado de hemácias, determinando seu correto perfil fenotípico e possibilitando a escolha de concentrado de hemácias com antígenos correspondentes ao do paciente a ser transfundido. Extensa genotipagem eritrocitária profilática para selecionar doadores para pacientes que receberão repetidas transfusões durante um longo período é uma aplicação atraente de tipagem de sangue baseado em DNA. Isso é particularmente relevante para pacientes com doença falciforme, nos quais a taxa de aloimunização é elevada.
Dynamic hyporheic and riparian flow path geometry through base flow recession in two headwater mountain stream corridors
Authors: Ward Adam S. , Schmadel Noah M. , Wondzell Steven M. , Gooseff Michael N. , Singha Kamini
Published: April 2017

The hydrologic connectivity between streams and their valley bottoms (stream corridor) is a critical determinant of their ecological function. Ecological functions are known to be spatially and temporally variable, but spatial dimensions of the problem are not easily quantified and thus they are usually overlooked. To estimate the spatial patterns of connectivity, and how connectivity varies with changes in discharge, we developed the hyporheic potential model. We used the model to interpret a series of solute tracer injections in two headwater mountain streams with contrasting valley bottom morphologies to estimate connectivity in the stream corridor. The distributions of flow path origination locations and the lengths of hyporheic flow paths appear to vary with base flow recession, even in cases where transport timescales are apparently unchanged. The modeled distribution of origination locations further allowed us to define a spatial analog to the temporal window of detection associated with solute tracer studies, and enables assessment of connectivity dynamics between streams and their corridors. Altogether, the reduced complexity hyporheic potential model provides an easy way to anticipate the spatial distribution and origination locations of hyporheic flow paths from a basic understanding of the valley bottom characteristics and solute transport timescales.
On the physics‐based processes behind production‐induced seismicity in natural gas fields
Authors: Zbinden Dominik , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Urpi Luca , Wiemer Stefan
Published: April 2017

Induced seismicity due to natural gas production is observed at different sites worldwide. Common understanding states that the pressure drop caused by gas production leads to compaction, which affects the stress field in the reservoir and the surrounding rock formations and hence reactivates preexisting faults and induces earthquakes. In this study, we show that the multiphase fluid flow involved in natural gas extraction activities should be included. We use a fully coupled fluid flow and geomechanics simulator, which accounts for stress‐dependent permeability and linear poroelasticity, to better determine the conditions leading to fault reactivation. In our model setup, gas is produced from a porous reservoir, divided into two compartments that are offset by a normal fault. Results show that fluid flow plays a major role in pore pressure and stress evolution within the fault. Fault strength is significantly reduced due to fluid flow into the fault zone from the neighboring reservoir compartment and other formations. We also analyze scenarios for minimizing seismicity after a period of production, such as (i) well shut‐in and (ii) gas reinjection. In the case of well shut‐in, a highly stressed fault zone can still be reactivated several decades after production has ceased, although on average the shut‐in results in a reduction in seismicity. In the case of gas reinjection, fault reactivation can be avoided if gas is injected directly into the compartment under depletion. However, gas reinjection into a neighboring compartment does not stop the fault from being reactivated.
Ultrasonic Spot Welding of Nickel Foam Sheet and Aluminum Solid Sheet
Authors: Xie Yan , Feng Mengnan , Cai Yangchuan , Luo Zhen
Published: April 2017

Nickel foam sheet composed of three‐dimensional (3D) triangular struts and aluminum solid sheet are welded via ultrasonic spot welding. The foam underwent acceptable thickness reduction and deformation, whereas most of the porous structures remain intact. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis shows that little interdiffusion is noticed across the welding interface, leading to the formation of only a small amount of solid solution, and intermetallic compounds. Infrared temperature measurements show that the joint‐temperature variation of the welding interface is substantially lower than the solid‐solution temperature of Al/Ni, and the welding process is in solid state. The resistance of the joints is measured, and the contact resistance is calculated. The specimen with excellent interface connection exhibits low contact resistance. As the welding energy increases, the failure mode transitions from interfacial fracture to pull‐out fracture, with the tensile load and fracture energy reaching 58 and 69%, respectively, of those corresponding to the nickel foam base metal. Fracture occurs exclusively on the nickel foam sheet, and the fracture mode is ductile fracture.
Effect of Room and High Temperature Compaction on Optical and Mechanical Properties of HIPed Transparent Spinel Ceramics
Authors: Biswas Papiya , Ramavath Pandu , Kumbhar Chandrashekhar Sadasiv , Patil Dinesh S. , Chongdar Tapas Kumar , Gokhale Nitin Madhusudan , Johnson Roy , Mohan Mantravadi Krishna
Published: April 2017

Spinel specimens are processed through Hot Pressing at 1620 °C and 20 MPa (designated as HPS) and uniaxial pressing at room temperature with 80 MPa followed by pressure‐less sintering at 1650 °C (designated as CS). HPS exhibit translucency with marginally higher density (99.8% of theoretical density (TD)) in comparison to CS with 99.5% of TD and negligible transmission value. HPS samples have shown a transmission of 40 and 76% in visible and midwave infrared (MWIR) region, respectively. Both HPS and CS samples are further subjected to Hot Isostatic Pressing (designated as HPS + HIP and CS + HIP, respectively), at identical conditions of 1800 °C and 195 MPa to achieve close to TD and transparency. HPS + HIP and CS + HIP samples enhance their transmission to 78 and 71% in visible region and 86 and 79% in MWIR region, respectively. Although most important parameter for transparent ceramics, i.e., transmission values are relatively high for HPS + HIP samples and exhibit substantially lower hardness and flexural strength values in comparison to CS + HIP samples at room and elevated temperature. Fractographic studies of samples fail under flexure at room and elevated temperature have exhibited cleavage fracture with longer facet length for HPS + HIP correlating well with microstructure. Difference in mechanical properties can be attributed to differences in grain size produced by two methodologies.
Response to Comment on “An Experimental Study on Evolution of Grain‐Scale Stress/Strain and Geometrical Necessary Dislocations in Advanced TA15 Titanium Alloy during Uniaxial Tension Deformation”
Authors: He Dong , Zaefferer Stefan , Li Qiang
Published: April 2017

Britton criticizes the accuracy of the stress value obtained from electron backscatter diffraction (HR‐EBSD) and surmises that the rotation field rather than rotation gradient field was used during geometrical necessary dislocations (GND) calculation process. It is our opinion, however, that the topic of the absolute values of the stresses based on cross correlation and the HR‐EBSD technique is not discussed at all in our paper. Our paper is focused rather on relative values (the evolution of stress/strain partitioning at different tensile strains) but not on absolute values. It should, however, be mentioned that, due to the high orientation changes within grains, the error for stress measurements may be considerable, as pointed out by Britton. The stress measurements should, therefore, be regarded with care. We have checked the GND calculation code carefully and we confirm that the correct rotation gradient field data is adopted in the GND calculation process.
Large‐Area 2D/3D MoS2–MoO2 Heterostructures with Thermally Stable Exciton and Intriguing Electrical Transport Behaviors
Authors: Li Dawei , Xiao Zhiyong , Golgir Hossein Rabiee , Jiang Lijia , Singh Vijay Raj , Keramatnejad Kamran , Smith Kevin E. , Hong Xia , Jiang Lan , Silvain Jean‐Francois , Lu Yongfeng
Published: April 2017

To date, scale‐up fabrication of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD‐) based 2D/2D or 2D/3D heterostructures with specific functionalities is still a great challenge. This study, for the first time, reports on the controllable synthesis of large‐area and continuous 2D/3D semiconductor/metal heterostructures consisting of monolayer MoS2 and bulk MoO2 with unique electrical and optical properties via one‐step, vapor‐transport‐assisted rapid thermal processing. The temperature‐dependent electrical transport measurements reveal that the 2D/3D MoS2–MoO2 heterostructure grown on SiO2/Si substrates exhibits metallic phase, while this heterostructure becomes a low‐resistance semiconductor when it is grown on fused silica, which is attributed to the different degrees of sulfurization on different substrates, as being confirmed by surface potential analyses. Photoluminescence measurements taken on the MoS2–MoO2 heterostructures reveal the simultaneous presence of both negative trions and neutral excitons, while only neutral excitons are observed in the monolayer MoS2. The trion‐binding energy is determined to be ≈27 meV, and the trion signal persists up to 330 K, indicating significant stability at room temperature. This work not only provides a new platform for understanding the intriguing physics in TMD‐based heterostructures but also enables the design of more complicated devices with potential applications in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.
Rectification‐Regulated Memristive Characteristics in Electron‐Type CuPc‐Based Element for Electrical Synapse
Authors: Wang Laiyuan , Yang Jie , Zhu Ying , Yi Mingdong , Xie Linghai , Ju Ruolin , Wang Zhiyong , Liu Lutao , Li Tengfei , Zhang Chenxi , Chen Yan , Wu Yanan , Huang Wei
Published: April 2017

As one novel electronic strategy, the integration of memristive behaviors with rectification has shown its potential application. Herein, based on the interfacial effects of a LiF buffer layer at the anode of an electron‐type CuPc memristor on reconfiguring the device energy levels and redistributing the charge accumulations, a new class of organic memristor with rectifying characteristics is proposed. Memristive behaviors characterized by smooth consecutive changes are obtained, which are illustrated in detail by the adjustable device energy levels and relevant carrier processes. For this device, aside from its appeal in solving the well‐known cross‐talk problem, based on the consecutive rectification‐regulated memristive behaviors, this study paves the way for devising a new type artificial synapse—an electrical rectifying synapse for effective comprehensive bioinspired computations. Thus these results can invite further investigations of the memristor through energy‐level reconfiguration and open original perspectives for rectification‐regulated memristors in design for novel brain‐like information processing.
High Voltage LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2/Graphite Cell Cycled at 4.6 V with a FEC/HFDEC‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: He Meinan , Su Chi‐Cheung , Feng Zhenxing , Zeng Li , Wu Tianpin , Bedzyk Michael J. , Fenter Paul , Wang Yan , Zhang Zhengcheng
Published: April 2017

A high voltage LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2/graphite cell with a fluorinated electrolyte formulation 1.0 m LiPF6 fluoroethylene carbonate/bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) carbonate is reported and its electrochemical performance is evaluated at cell voltage of 4.6 V. Comparing with its nonfluorinated electrolyte counterpart, the reported fluorinated one shows much improved Coulombic efficiency and capacity retention when a higher cut‐off voltage (4.6 V) is applied. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data clearly demonstrate the superior oxidative stability of the new electrolyte. The structural stability of the bulk cathode materials cycled with different electrolytes is extensively studied by X‐ray absorption near edge structure and X‐ray diffraction.
Vesicle Origami: Cuboid Phospholipid Vesicles Formed by Template‐Free Self‐Assembly
Authors: Neuhaus Frederik , Mueller Dennis , Tanasescu Radu , Balog Sandor , Ishikawa Takashi , Brezesinski Gerald , Zumbuehl Andreas
Published: April 2017

Phospholipid liposomes are archetypical self‐assembled structures. To minimize the surface tension, the vesicles typically are spherical. Deciphering the bilayer code, the basic physical interactions between phospholipids would allow these molecules to be utilized as building blocks for novel, non‐spherical structures. A 1,2‐diamidophospholipid is presented that self‐assembles into a cuboid structure. Owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, the bilayer membranes form an exceptionally tight subgel packing, leading to a maximization of flat structural elements and a minimization of any edges. These conditions are optimized in the geometrical structure of a cube. Surprisingly, the lateral surface pressure in the membrane is only one third of the value typically assumed for a bilayer membrane, questioning a long‐standing rule‐of‐thumb.
Highly Efficient Carbon Monoxide Capture by Carbanion‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids through C‐Site Interactions
Authors: Tao Duan‐Jian , Chen Feng‐Feng , Tian Zi‐Qi , Huang Kuan , Mahurin Shannon M. , Jiang De‐en , Dai Sheng
Published: April 2017

A novel method for the highly efficient and reversible capture of CO in carbanion‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) by a C‐site interaction is reported. Because of its supernucleophilicity, the carbanion in ILs could absorb CO efficiently. As a result, a relatively high absorption capacity for CO (up to 0.046 mol mol−1) was achieved under ambient conditions, compared with CO solubility in a commonly used IL [Bmim][Tf2N] (2×10−3 mol mol−1). The results of quantum mechanical calculations and spectroscopic investigation confirmed that the chemical interaction between the C‐site in the carbanion and CO resulted in the superior CO absorption capacities. Furthermore, the subsequent conversion of captured CO into valuable chemicals with good reactivity was also realized through the alkoxycarbonylation reaction under mild conditions. Highly efficient CO absorption by carbanion‐functionalized ILs provides a new way of separating and converting CO.
Anaerobic Respiration on Self‐Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Impact of Chemical Structure
Authors: Kirchhofer Nathan D. , McCuskey Samantha R. , Mai Cheng‐Kang , Bazan Guillermo C.
Published: April 2017

We probe anaerobic respiration of bacteria in the presence of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). Three different CPEs were used to probe how structural variations impact biocurrent generation from Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1. For the self‐doped anionic CPE only, absorption spectroscopy shows that the addition of S. oneidensis MR‐1 leads to the disappearance of the polaron (radical cation) band at >900 nm and an increase in the band at 735 nm due to the neutral species, consistent with electron transfer from microbe to polymer. Microbial three‐electrode electrochemical cells (M3Cs) show an increase in the current generated by S. oneidensis MR‐1 with addition of the self‐doped CPE relative to other CPEs and controls. These experiments combined with in situ cyclic voltammetry suggest that the doped CPE facilitates electron transport to electrodes and reveal structure–function relationships relevant to developing materials for biotic/abiotic interfaces.
Katalytische reduktive Synthese und direkte Derivatisierung ungeschützter Aminoindole, Aminopyrrole und Iminoindoline
Authors: Leijendekker Leonardus H. , Weweler Jens , Leuther Tobias M. , Streuff Jan
Published: April 2017

Es wird eine Titan(III)‐katalysierte Radikalcyclisierung zu ungeschützten 3‐Aminoindolen, 3‐Aminopyrrolen oder 3‐Iminoindolinen vorgestellt. Die Reaktion ist ungefährlich, skalierbar und ermöglicht die leichte Isolierung der freien Produkte mittels Extraktion. Die Methode zeigt eine große Substratbandbreite auf und ermöglicht die direkte Stickstoffschützung oder Synthese von Peptidbausteinen in einer einzelnen Sequenz. Anellierte Bisindole sind ebenfalls aus den Cyclisierungsprodukten zugänglich.
Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Substituted Indolines by N‐Sulfonylation using an Atropisomeric 4‐DMAP‐N‐oxide Organocatalyst
Authors: Murray James I. , Flodén Nils J. , Bauer Adriano , Fessner Nico D. , Dunklemann Daniel L. , Bob‐Egbe Opetoritse , Rzepa Henry S. , Bürgi Thomas , Richardson Jeffery , Spivey Alan C.
Published: April 2017

The first catalytic kinetic resolution by N‐sulfonylation is described. 2‐Substituted indolines are resolved (s=2.6–19) using an atropisomeric 4‐dimethylaminopyridine‐N‐oxide (4‐DMAP‐N‐oxide) organocatalyst. Use of 2‐isopropyl‐4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl chloride is critical to the stereodiscrimination and enables facile deprotection of the sulfonamide products with thioglycolic acid. A qualitative model that accounts for the stereodiscrimination is proposed.
Chlorozincate(II) acidic ionic liquid: Efficient and biodegradable silylation catalyst
Authors: Abbasi Faezeh , Azizi Najmedin , Abdoli‐Senejani Masumeh
Published: April 2017

A practical and highly efficient silylation of alcohol and phenol derivatives with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) using acidic ionic liquids under mild reaction conditions is described. A series of Brønsted as well as Brønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquids were prepared and their performance investigated for the silylation of a wide variety of alcohols and phenols with HMDS. Imidazole‐ as well as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone‐based acidic ionic liquids have a higher catalytic activity for the protection of sensitive, hindered alcohols and phenols, thus providing an environmentally begin and versatile alternative to current acid catalysts. In addition, the acidic ionic liquids are reusable, being recovered easily and reused several times without significant deterioration in catalytic activity.
Iron‐catalyzed carbon–sulfur bond formation: Atom‐economic construction of thioethers with diaryliodonium salts
Authors: Liu Li , Qiang Jian , Bai Shuhua , Li Yang , Li Jian
Published: April 2017

Diaryliodonium salts are characterized by poor atom economy with the formation of one equivalent of an iodoarene as waste. We have developed an atom‐economic iron‐catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of a variety of thioethers with diaryliodonium salts. Not only cyclic diaryliodonium salts but also linear diaryliodonium salts were found to perform well in the reactions.
Preparation and characterization of copper chloride supported on citric acid‐modified magnetite nanoparticles (Cu2+‐CA@Fe3O4) and evaluation of its catalytic activity in the reduction of nitroarene compounds
Authors: Ghonchepour Ehsan , Yazdani Elahe , Saberi Dariush , Arefi Marzban , Heydari Akbar
Published: April 2017

A new, powerful and recyclable copper catalyst were prepared by heterogenization of copper chloride using of Fe3O4 nano particles modified with citric acid as a linker. This system can catalyze reduction of nitroaren compound to aniline derivatives in the presence of Sodium borohydride as a reduction agent in moderate to good yields. In addition, easy separation and recoverable with an external permanent magnet is the dominant properties of this catalyst (Cu2+‐CA@Fe3O4).