bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Even More Is Required: Confronting the Teacher Pay Crisis in the United States
Authors: Baumgartner Kabria
Published: November 2024

Low and stagnant teacher pay has been a perennial issue in the United States public school system since the early decades of the nineteenth century. Women teachers, then as now, confronted the issue head-on by organizing together. For example, women primary school teachers in Boston, Massachusetts successfully petitioned for more pay in 1835, but an emerging policy to pay women less ensured that such victories would be few and far between. Nevertheless, we can draw two critical lessons from these women teachers and their petition. First, a broader understanding of historical context and gendered narratives about labor is necessary to confront the teacher pay crisis today. Second, sharing teachers’ stories from the past now can help shape policy debates on teacher pay, turning a crisis into a new vision for the teaching profession.
Serious Questions from Serious People: The Past and Future of the History of Education in Canada
Authors: Ellis Jason
Published: November 2024

This article examines two venues where historians of education have in the past addressed serious, publicly significant questions: commissions of inquiry and courtrooms where education rights and educational injustices are litigated. The article argues that these two examples demonstrate historians’ particular skills and abilities as evidence-gatherers, clear communicators, strong generalists, and experts in making sense of change over time. The article also suggests that these particular skills and abilities can be the basis for historians’ continued contributions to answering questions of public significance.
SCOTUS, Schools, and History
Authors: Laats Adam
Published: November 2024

In recent years, justices on the US Supreme Court have made explicit historical arguments about US schools in order to promote a broader role for religion in US public schools. For example, in Espinoza v. Montana (2020), Chief Justice Roberts cited the late historian Carl F. Kaestle to buttress his arguments, but did so in a way that misrepresented Kaestle’s nuanced account. This article compares the justices’ historical arguments to the best evidence from the historical record. The essay argues that historians of education—whatever their political beliefs—can and should guide policy by providing reliable, accurate historical information.
Collapse of microbubbles over an elastoplastic wall
Authors: Abbondanza Dario , Gallo Mirko , Casciola Carlo Massimo
Published: November 2024

The collapse of a vapour bubble over a material surface has been widely studied over the past few decades, but a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the cavitation dynamics and its effects on solid materials at the mesoscale (nanometre up to micrometre), which would be of particular interest in applications exploiting cavitation power, is still lacking. In this work, we adopt a diffuse interface model to describe the microbubble dynamics, and a dynamic plasticity model for the solid. The former is particularly suited to studying the rich phenomenology characterising bubble collapse at the mesoscale, which comprises transitions to supercritical conditions, emission and propagation of shock waves, generation of liquid microjets and topological transitions, whereas the latter is used to characterise the permanent plastic deformation caused by the bubble collapse, and has been augmented to consider inertial effects, to assess whether or not an interaction between elastic and plastic waves may influence the resulting deformation. Results concerning the collapse of a microbubble at different liquid overpressures and initial standoff ratios are discussed, and the elastoplastic wave propagation in the solid, together with plastic deformation, is studied for different cases, depending on elastic and plastic material parameters.
Maximal noncompactness of limiting Sobolev embeddings
Authors: Lang Jan , Mihula Zdeněk , Pick Luboš
Published: November 2024

We develop a new method suitable for establishing lower bounds on the ball measure of noncompactness of operators acting between considerably general quasinormed function spaces. This new method removes some of the restrictions oft-presented in the previous work. Most notably, the target function space need not be disjointly superadditive nor equipped with a norm. Instead, a property that is far more often at our disposal is exploited—namely the absolute continuity of the target quasinorm.

We use this new method to prove that limiting Sobolev embeddings into spaces of Brezis–Wainger type are so-called maximally noncompact, i.e. their ball measure of noncompactness is the worst possible.
Précis of The Limitations of the Open Mind and Replies to Nathan Ballantyne and Miriam Schleifer McCormick
Authors: Fantl Jeremy
Published: November 2024

In this article, I summarize the main takeaways from The Limitations of the Open Mind and reply to concerns raised by Miriam Schleifer McCormick and Nathan Ballantyne. In reply to McCormick, I emphasize potential difficulties involved in helping people change their minds while representing yourself as taking an “objective stance” toward them. In reply to Ballantyne, I clarify my reasons for thinking that open-mindedness is a matter of being willing to change your mind and that amateurs can in some ways and in some situations be more immune to misleading arguments than experts can.
Comments on Jeremy Fantl's The Limitations of the Open Mind
Authors: McCormick Miriam Schleifer
Published: November 2024

In this commentary on Jeremy Fantl's The Limitations of the Open Mind, I focus mainly on the book's second half and argue against Fantl's view that you should rarely engage closed-mindedly with those putting forth claims that you know are false and arguments that you know are misleading. I argue that this kind of engagement can be fruitfully exercised without problematic deception. If we are attuned to the social dimension of epistemology, and we see that false and potentially pernicious beliefs are spreading, we have good reason to engage with at least some of these believers with the aim of altering their epistemic attitudes, and to allow for more collective knowledge.
Beetles and Nothingness: Sartre, Wittgenstein, and First-Person Authority
Authors: Hymers Michael
Published: November 2024

This article is inspired by two of Steven Burns's many philosophical interests — self-deception and Wittgenstein — as well as by a wariness that we share of the analytic-continental divide in contemporary philosophy. I argue here that, despite obvious differences of temperament and concern, Sartre and Wittgenstein share a scepticism about the “epistemic model” of first-person authority. This shared scepticism emerges in a striking way in their challenges to the idea that psychological phenomena should be understood on the model of objects in physical space. Wittgenstein's scepticism is more thorough-going, but emphasizing the similarity allows us to see Sartre as making an important contribution to our understanding of first-person authority, even if we are wary of the voluntarism of his approach.
The Art of Being with Steven Burns: A Celebration of a Life in Philosophy
Authors: Paron Clarisse , Hymers Michael , Andrews Derek , Fenton Andrew , Meynell Letitia
Published: November 2024

The articles in this volume celebrate the work of Steven Burns. Versions of the articles were presented originally at two sessions organized in Burns's honour at the 2022 meeting of the Atlantic Regional Philosophers’ Association (ARPA), held at Dalhousie University in Halifax. This introduction presents a brief academic biography and summarizes each of the contributions. The articles, by Michael Hymers, Robbie Moser and Darren Bifford, Alice MacLachlan, Jason Holt, and Warren Heiti, address perennial themes in philosophy, such as self-knowledge, attention, friendship, interpretation, and judgement. The collection concludes with some last words by Burns himself.
One (More) Last Thing
Authors: Burns Steven
Published: November 2024

I survey my career in philosophy, which encompasses 44 years of teaching in Halifax, but begins in London, England with a thesis on self-deception. I describe a practice of using works of literature as a guide to conceptual analysis, and pause in Vienna to translate On Last Things (Weininger, 2001). A line of Wittgenstein's is the basis for reflections on the concept of a Last Judgement. I discuss in some detail a paper of mine for the Atlantic Region Philosophers’ Association in 2018, “One Last Thing,” which takes as its basis The Sense of an Ending, a novel by Julian Barnes. I conclude with some claims about Wittgenstein's relation to religion. I add an Appendix, in which I comment briefly on each of the other articles that make up this symposium.
The Effect of Education on Support for International Trade: Evidence from Compulsory-Education Reforms
Authors: Solodoch Omer
Published: November 2024

Across countries and over time, support for economic globalization is strongest among individuals with the highest levels of education. Yet despite long-lasting debates on the sources of this correlation, reliable evidence that isolates the causal effect of education from the nonrandom selection of individuals into education is lacking. To address this fundamental issue, I exploit compulsory-schooling reforms that increased the minimum school-leaving age in eighteen countries. Employing a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, I find that the reform-induced added years of education substantially and durably increased support for trade liberalization. And using new data on the content of school curricula, I find that the effect of schooling largely stems from instilling tolerance and pluralism in citizens and reducing the perceived cultural threat of globalization. In contrast, there is little evidence that the effect of schooling reflects the distributive consequences of international trade, separating globalization winners and losers.
From Travel to Imprisonment: Remembering Cold War Trade Unionism and the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) in Adam Soepardjan's Prison Notebooks
Authors: Hearman Vannessa
Published: November 2024

This article examines the role of travel in the practice of Cold War politics, focusing particularly on the experiences of Indonesian trade unionists who travelled between Indonesia, the Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe. During the Sukarno era (1949–1966), Indonesians from the country's largest trade union federation SOBSI held leading positions in the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). In 1965–1966, the army-directed purges against the Indonesian Left destroyed independent trade unionism as the country transitioned to the Suharto New Order regime. As leftist trade unionists were killed, imprisoned, or detained without trial, memories of travelling to the Communist bloc became denied, repressed, and submerged from history. The prison notebooks of Indonesian trade unionist Adam Soepardjan represent a unique set of underground writings produced after the army coup. An analysis of these notebooks reveals the ambivalences of Cold War political travel and the complex subjectivities of the traveller who appraises and reappraises the experiences of travel in a radically changed set of circumstances.
Exploring the association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular risk: a summary of findings from longitudinal studies and potential mechanisms
Authors: Guan Zhongyang , Stephan Blossom C.M. , Donini Lorenzo Maria , Prado Carla M. , Sim Marc , Siervo Mario
Published: November 2024

It is estimated that more than one-tenth of adults aged ≥60 years are now classified as having sarcopenic obesity (SO), a clinical condition characterised by the concurrent presence of sarcopenia (low muscle mass and weakness) and obesity (excessive fat mass). Independently, sarcopenia and obesity are associated with a high risk of numerous adverse health outcomes including CVD and neurological conditions (e.g. dementia), but SO may confer a greater risk, exceeding either condition alone. This imposes a substantial burden on individuals, healthcare systems and society. In recent years, an increasing number of observational studies have explored the association between SO and the risk of CVD; however, results are mixed. Moreover, the pathophysiology of SO is governed by a complex interplay of multiple mechanisms including insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal shifts and alteration of energy balance, which may also play a role in the occurrence of various CVD. Yet, the exact mechanisms underlying the pathological connection between these two complex conditions remain largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to examine the association between SO and CVD. Specifically, we seek to: (1) discuss the definition, epidemiology and diagnosis of SO; (2) reconcile previously inconsistent findings by synthesising evidence from longitudinal studies on the epidemiological link between SO and CVD and (3) discuss critical mechanisms that may elucidate the complex and potentially bidirectional relationships between SO and CVD.
Predicting involuntary admission following inpatient psychiatric treatment using machine learning trained on electronic health record data
Authors: Perfalk Erik , Damgaard Jakob Grøhn , Bernstorff Martin , Hansen Lasse , Danielsen Andreas Aalkjær , Østergaard Søren Dinesen
Published: November 2024

Background

Involuntary admissions to psychiatric hospitals are on the rise. If patients at elevated risk of involuntary admission could be identified, prevention may be possible. Our aim was to develop and validate a prediction model for involuntary admission of patients receiving care within a psychiatric service system using machine learning trained on routine clinical data from electronic health records (EHRs).

Methods

EHR data from all adult patients who had been in contact with the Psychiatric Services of the Central Denmark Region between 2013 and 2021 were retrieved. We derived 694 patient predictors (covering e.g. diagnoses, medication, and coercive measures) and 1134 predictors from free text using term frequency-inverse document frequency and sentence transformers. At every voluntary inpatient discharge (prediction time), without an involuntary admission in the 2 years prior, we predicted involuntary admission 180 days ahead. XGBoost and elastic net models were trained on 85% of the dataset. The models with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were tested on the remaining 15% of the data.

Results

The model was trained on 50 634 voluntary inpatient discharges among 17 968 patients. The cohort comprised of 1672 voluntary inpatient discharges followed by an involuntary admission. The best XGBoost and elastic net model from the training phase obtained an AUROC of 0.84 and 0.83, respectively, in the test phase.

Conclusion

A machine learning model using routine clinical EHR data can accurately predict involuntary admission. If implemented as a clinical decision support tool, this model may guide interventions aimed at reducing the risk of involuntary admission.
Systematic review of economic evaluations of triage tests for women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL)
Authors: Meirelles Isandra , Pinto Márcia , Barros Leticia , Russomano Fabio
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To synthesize the results of cost-effectiveness studies of different triage tests in comparison to repeat cytology for women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) results.

Methods

Electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, The NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Econlit, and CEA Registry) were searched for cost-effectiveness or cost-utility publications. Per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, two independent reviewers selected eligible publications based on the selection criteria and performed data extraction. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality of Health Economic Studies tool.

Results

Five cost-effectiveness analyses were included comparing HPV testing, immediate colposcopy, and liquid-based cytology with HPV testing reflex to repeat cytology. The main outcome adopted was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia level 2 or higher (CIN2+) cases detected. In pairwise comparisons, HPV testing was more frequently observed as the most cost-effective strategy. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were very sensitive to costs of test kit variation and accuracy estimates with some sensitivity analysis scenarios showing immediate colposcopy more cost-effective than HPV testing depending on the tests’ unitary costs and effectiveness.

Conclusions

This systematic review of economic evidence corroborates clinical evidence showing cytology is the least effective, although less costly, triage strategy. Cytology-based triage programs need to be updated to offer timely treatment to women diagnosed with ASC-US/LSIL and better resource allocation.
Expectations and the transmission of international uncertainty: Evidence from cross-country survey data
Authors: Beckmann Joscha , Geiger Martin
Published: November 2024

This paper evaluates (i) the transmission of global uncertainty shocks to the expectations of professionals and disagreement among them and (ii) the relevance of policy choices in open economies in the context of the impossible trinity. Relying on a large set of survey data covering a wide range of expected macroeconomic outcomes for 33 countries, we establish evidence for an expectation channel of global uncertainty shocks. Global uncertainty exerts significant and adverse effects on expectations over domestic macroeconomic outcomes across the board and also frequently spills over to disagreement over these outcomes, increasing domestic uncertainty. Finally, we identify nonlinear relationships between the policy choices in an open economy and the transmission of uncertainty shocks. Policy choices affect the expected downswing in GDP in the aftermath of uncertainty shocks, the expected response of monetary policy, and the exchange rate and disagreement over future macroeconomic outcomes.
A dual-wideband bandpass filter with closely spaced passbands using coupled lines and shunt transmission lines loaded with end-connected coupled lines
Authors: Alazemi Abdullah J.
Published: November 2024

A fourth-order bandpass filter with dual-wide passbands is proposed in this article. The novelty of the proposed work is the realization of a dual-band bandpass filter with closely spaced passbands, wide passband bandwidth, high rejection between the passbands, using a novel combination of open stub tapped series coupled lines (CLs) and shunt transmission line loaded with end connected CLs. The characteristics of the proposed dual-wideband bandpass filter are investigated by adopting even–odd mode analysis. The transmission zeros generated by the transmission line loaded with an end-connected CL and open stub are utilized to achieve a high skirt rate. A rejection better than 55 dB is achieved with a single transmission zero between the two passbands indicating high isolation and close passbands. The dual-wideband filter is designed and manufactured to operate at 1.33 and 2.32 GHz. The experimented 3-dB fractional bandwidths of the two pass frequency bands are 40.6% and 24.13%. The proposed filter’s tested frequency responses agree well with simulated results. The proposed device can be used in various applications such as telecommunications, satellite communications, radar systems, imaging, and spectroscopy.
Are Social Media Notifications Distracting?
Authors: Wiradhany Wisnu , Pócs Anna , Baumgartner Susanne E.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Visual working memory (VWM), due to its temporary nature, is highly volatile. VWM encoding may be easily disrupted by cues from our visually rich media environment, such as social media logos and notification badges. Yet, to what extent these social media-related cues adversely affect our cognitive processing is not well understood. In three experiments, participants performed a change-detection task with a memory array that contained colored stimuli. Next to the memory array, social media logos with or without notification badges might appear in conjunction with the memory array in critical blocks (Experiment 1) or in critical trials (Experiment 2 and 3). The presence of social media logos with notification badges adversely affected change detection performance in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2 or 3. Overall, the findings seem to indicate that the presence of social media logos does not interfere with visual working memory performance.
Survey of Whistler‐Mode Wave Amplitudes and Frequency Spectra in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Ma Q. , Li W. , Zhang X.‐J. , Kang N. , Bortnik J. , Qin M. , Shen X.‐C. , Meyer‐Reed C. J. , Artemyev A. V. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Menietti J. D. , Bolton S. J.
Published: November 2024

We present statistical distributions of whistler‐mode chorus and hiss waves at frequencies ranging from the local proton gyrofrequency to the equatorial electron gyrofrequency (fce,eq) in Jupiter's magnetosphere based on Juno measurements. The chorus wave power spectral densities usually follow the fce,eq variation with major wave power concentrated in the 0.05fce,eq–fce,eq frequency range. The hiss wave frequencies are less dependent on fce,eq variation than chorus with major power concentrated below 0.05fce,eq, showing a separation from chorus at M < 10. Our survey indicates that chorus waves are mainly observed at 5.5 < M < 13 from the magnetic equator to 20° latitude, consistent with local wave generation near the equator and damping effects. The hiss wave powers extend to 50° latitude, suggesting longer wave propagation paths without attenuation. Our survey also includes the whistler‐mode waves at high latitudes which may originate from the Io footprint, auroral hiss, or propagating hiss waves reflected to high M shells.
Rapid Gas Bubble Growth in Basaltic Magma as a Source of Deep Long Period Volcanic Earthquakes
Authors: Melnik Oleg , Lyakhovsky Vladimir , Shapiro Nikolai M.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we present numerical modeling aimed to explain Deep Long Period (DLP) events occurring in middle‐to‐lower crust beneath volcanoes and often observed in association with volcanic eruptions or their precursors. We consider a DLP generating mechanism caused by the rapid growth of gas bubbles in response to the slow decompression of H2O–CO2 over‐saturated basaltic magma. The nucleation and rapid growth of gas bubbles lead to rapid pressure change in the magma and elastic rebound of the host rocks, radiating seismic waves recorded as DLP events. The magma and host rocks are modeled as Maxwell bodies with different relaxation times and elastic moduli. Simulations of a single sill‐shaped intrusion with different parameters demonstrate that realistic amplitudes and frequencies of P and S seismic waves can be obtained when considering intrusions with linear sizes of the order of 100 m. We then consider a case of two closely located sills and model their interaction. We speculate on conditions that can result in consecutive triggering of the bubble growth in multiple closely located batches of magma, leading to the generation of earthquake swarms or seismic tremors.
Performance of the MOLES and TFSOM-DIM scores in classifying choroidal nevi and melanoma
Authors: Jahnke David , Grohmann Carsten , Fuisting Bettina , Skevas Christos , Spitzer Martin S. , Birtel Johannes
Published: November 2024

Choroidal nevi are common benign melanocytic lesions often incidentally found during routine ophthalmic examinations. Patients with choroidal nevi are frequently referred to ocular oncology centers to differentiate these from choroidal melanoma and to exclude a malignant transformation which rarely occurs. However, this causes a high workload for referral centers and may delay diagnosis and treatment of patients with potentially severe conditions. To overcome this, the MOLES score was previously developed which may empower non-specialists to differentiate choroidal nevi from melanoma. In this retrospective study, the performance of the MOLES score was assessed in 695 patients with choroidal nevi and 53 with choroidal melanoma. With a specificity of 96% (choroidal nevi) and a sensitivity of 100% (melanoma) the MOLES score was highly successful in differentiating choroidal nevi from melanoma and may offer great potential to optimize monitoring and referral decisions, and for teleophthalmology applications. Furthermore, the TFSOM-DIM score using risk factors for determining tumor progression was applied and showed a good correlation with MOLES. A complementary use of MOLES and TFSOM-DIM may be beneficial for clinical routine: MOLES for screening by non-experts with limited diagnostic tools and TFSOM-DIM in a referral setting to counsel also regarding potential transformation.
Cooperative role of LSD1 and CHD7 in regulating differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Malla Sandhya , Martinez-Gamero Carlos , Kumari Kanchan , Achour Cyrinne , Mermelekas Georgios , Martinez-Delgado David , Coego Alba , Guallar Diana , Roman Angel-Carlos , Aguilo Francesca
Published: November 2024

Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that plays a critical role in epigenetic regulation by removing the methyl group from mono- and di-methylated lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me1/2), acting as a repressor of gene expression. Recently, catalytically independent functions of LSD1, serving as a scaffold for assembling chromatin-regulator and transcription factor complexes, have been identified. Herein, we show for the first time that LSD1 interacts with chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). To further investigate the CHD7–LSD1 crosstalk, we engineered Chd7 and Chd7/Lsd1 knockout (KO) mouse ESCs. We show that CHD7 is dispensable for ESC self-renewal and survival, while Chd7 KO ESCs can differentiate towards embryoid bodies (EBs) with defective expression of ectodermal markers. Intriguingly, Chd7/Lsd1 double KO mouse ESCs exhibit proliferation defects similar to Lsd1 KO ESCs and have lost the capacity to differentiate properly. Furthermore, the increased co-occupancy of H3K4me1 and CHD7 on chromatin following Lsd1 deletion suggests that LSD1 is required for facilitating the proper binding of CHD7 to chromatin and regulating differentiation. Collectively, our results suggest that LSD1 and CHD7 work in concert to modulate gene expression and influence proper cell fate determination.
Reinforcement learning model for optimizing dexmedetomidine dosing to prevent delirium in critically ill patients
Authors: Lee Hong Yeul , Chung Soomin , Hyeon Dongwoo , Yang Hyun-Lim , Lee Hyung-Chul , Ryu Ho Geol , Lee Hyeonhoon
Published: November 2024

Delirium can result in undesirable outcomes including increased length of stays and mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Dexmedetomidine has emerged for delirium prevention in these patients; however, optimal dosing is challenging. A reinforcement learning-based Artificial Intelligence model for Delirium prevention (AID) is proposed to optimize dexmedetomidine dosing. The model was developed and internally validated using 2416 patients (2531 ICU admissions) and externally validated on 270 patients (274 ICU admissions). The estimated performance return of the AID policy was higher than that of the clinicians’ policy in both derivation (0.390 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.361 to 0.420 vs. −0.051 95% CI −0.077 to −0.025) and external validation (0.186 95% CI 0.139 to 0.236 vs. −0.436 95% CI −0.474 to −0.402) cohorts. Our finding indicates that AID might support clinicians’ decision-making regarding dexmedetomidine dosing to prevent delirium in ICU patients, but further off-policy evaluation is required.
Correction: Bioactivity of cerium dioxide nanoparticles as a function of size and surface features
Authors: Sarnatskaya Veronika , Shlapa Yuliia , Kolesnik Denis , Lykhova Olexandra , Klymchuk Dmytro , Solopan Serhii , Lyubchyk Svitlana , Golovynska Iuliia , Qu Junle , Stepanov Yurii , Belous Anatolii
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Bioactivity of cerium dioxide nanoparticles as a function of size and surface features’ by Veronika Sarnatskaya et al., Biomater. Sci., 2024, 12, 2689–2704, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3BM01900D.
Effects of dissolved 3d-block metal ions on PEM water electrolysis performance
Authors: Kong Shuang , Fushimi Kazuna , Li Ailong , Nakamura Ryuhei
Published: November 2024

MnO4− exhibits negligible effects on proton exchange membrane conductivity, expanding the potential of MnO2 as a catalyst for PEM water electrolysis.
Pressure-driven magnetic phase change in the CrI3/Br3Cr2I3 heterostructure
Authors: Subhan Fazle , Ali Luqman , Aman Razia , Chen Ailing , Peng Bo , Zhou Yanguang , Qin Zhenzhen , Qin Guangzhao
Published: November 2024

Using state-of-the-art first-principles calculations, we uncover the effects of the contact atoms, as well as external pressure, on the electronic and magnetic properties of the CrI3/Br3Cr2I3 heterostructure.
The structural and functional impacts of rationally designed cyclic peptides on self-assembly-mediated functionality
Authors: Kurita Taichi , Numata Keiji
Published: November 2024

Rationally designed cyclic peptides exhibit unique self-assembly properties, enabling the formation of peptide nanotubes and complex structures such as rotaxanes, with potential for diverse applications.
(Non-) periodic variation of excited-state properties for coinage metal dimers M2 (M = Cu, Ag, Au, Rg)
Authors: Lu Yanzhao , Wang Zhifan , Guo Minggang , Wang Fan
Published: November 2024

The impact of relativistic effects on the periodicity of elements has significant implications for the prediction of the properties of atoms and their compounds.
Polyhydric alcohols under high pressure: comparative ultrasonic study of elastic properties
Authors: Gromnitskaya Elena L. , Danilov Igor V. , Brazhkin Vadim V.
Published: November 2024

Elastic moduli of glassy and crystalline erythritol in the temperature range of 77–300 K.
Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) from Pangasius bone side streams and its application as a reinforcing agent in biodegradable food packaging films
Authors: Thool Oshin Kawduji , Sasidharan Abhilash , Krishna Bindu M. , Sabu Sarasan , Navaf Muhammed , Sunooj Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal
Published: November 2024

The bone side streams from catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were used to produce nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) by a calcination method.
High-precision Sm isotope analysis by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry for large meteorite samples (>1 g)
Authors: Frossard Paul , Ball James M. J. , Schönbächler Maria
Published: November 2024

New multi-static method on TIMS reveals substantial variations in the Sm isotope compositions of synthetic standards.
Exploration of the Funaria hygrometrica extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for X60-steel in HCl media
Authors: Chen Shujun , Wang Hao , Chen Siyi , Zhang Hai , Wu Yuanhui , Yan Zhishuo
Published: November 2024

Funaria hygrometrica extract (FHE) was studied as an eco-friendly inhibitor for X60 steel in HCl solutions. The FHE shows good anti-corrosion performance for X60-steel with the highest inhibition efficiency of 93.12%.
Linear poly(lactic acid) ionomers with pendant ionic groups
Authors: Joseph Seena , Menon Abhijith Hari , Lele Ashish K. , Chikkali Samir H.
Published: November 2024

Incorporation of pendant ionic groups in a high molecular weight linear PLA remarkably enhance the elastic modulus from 10 to 100 000 Pa and enables preparation of high melt strength PLA ionomers suitable for melt processing.
Regulating the thermal stability and sensitivity of DNTF via refinement and encapsulation engineering
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Ju Ronghui , Lv Yangping , Luo Yiming , Bao Lixia , Zhang Yaoyuan , Wu Qin , Shi Daxin , Chen Kangcheng , Li Hansheng
Published: November 2024

The refinement and encapsulation methods were combined to solve the issue of high sensitivity of the new energetic material DNTF, promoting its wide application in the field of energetic materials.
Aerodynamic Threshold Measures for Reflecting Glottal Closure in Voice Disorders
Authors: Chan Roger W. , Liu Sally Chien Hsin , Hsieh Li-Chun , Wu Chia-Hsin , Wu Xia , Xie Zhenyu
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Previous work suggested that phonation threshold pressure (PTP), phonation threshold flow (PTF), and phonation threshold power (PTW) could be effective aerodynamic measures for quantifying glottal incompetence. This study examined how these measures could reflect varying extent of incomplete glottal closure in individuals with voice disorders.

Method:

Thirty individuals formally diagnosed with glottal incompetence, including 10 with hypofunctional disorders (hypo group) and 20 with hyperfunctional disorders (hyper group), and 30 individuals with normal voice (control group) participated in the study. PTP was measured indirectly by intra-oral pressure during production of bilabial stop consonant–vowel syllables, PTF was measured during the sustained vowel /a/, and PTW was obtained as the product of PTP and PTF. The extent of incomplete glottal closure was quantified by normalized glottal gap (NGG) and normalized glottal gap area (NGGA) based on image analysis of videostroboscopic recordings of sustained /i/.

Results:

Significant differences in all threshold measures (
p
< .05) were found among three participant groups with medium-to-large effect sizes (η
p
2
= .128–.220), with significantly higher values for the hypo group than the control group and no significant differences between the hyper and control groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the highest diagnostic or classification accuracy contrasting between the hypo and control groups (area under the ROC curve = .717–.757), with the highest classification accuracy for PTW. There were significant, moderate-to-strong positive correlations with NGG and NGGA for the disorders group (Pearson's
r
= .4244–.6226) and the hypo group (
r
= .5689–.8949).

Conclusions:

These measures could be effective for identifying glottal incompetence, especially for hypofunctional disorders. PTW could be more sensitive than PTP and PTF in reflecting the extent of incomplete glottal closure, consistent with theoretical predictions. Their relative sensitivities for quantifying distinct incomplete glottal closures specific to different voice disorders should be evaluated in future studies.
Winning the battle with cyber risk identification tools in industrial control systems: A review
Authors: Rotibi Ayo , Saxena Neetesh , Burnap Pete
Published: November 2024

The modern Industrial Control System (ICS) environment now combines information technology (IT), operational technology, and physical processes. This digital transformation enhances operational efficiency, service quality, and physical system capabilities enabling systems to measure and control the physical world. However, it also exposes ICS to new and evolving cybersecurity threats that were once confined to the IT domain. As a result, identifying cyber risks in ICS has become more critical, leading to the development of new methods and tools to tackle these emerging threats. This study reviews some of the latest tools for cyber‐risk identification in ICS. It empirically analyses each tool based on specific attributes: focus, application domain, core risk management concepts, and how they address current cybersecurity concerns in ICS.
Altérations métaboliques dans la dystrophie myotonique de type I
Authors: Lessard Lola , Gallay Laure , Mounier Rémi
Published: November 2024

La dystrophie myotonique de type I (DM1) est une maladie génétique responsable d’une altération multi-systémique de l’épissage alternatif. En conséquence, de nombreuses voies de signalisation cellulaires sont dérégulées. Une répression de l’AMPK (adenosine monophosphate activated kinase), le principal régulateur du métabolisme cellulaire, est notamment observée. Restaurer la voie de signalisation de l’AMPK pourrait permettre d’améliorer la biogenèse et la dynamique mitochondriales, les processus mitophagiques et de régulation du stress oxydatif mitochondrial, la production énergétique et, in fine, l’homéostasie du tissu musculaire strié squelettique dans la DM1.
Intérêt du traitement par rituximab dans la myasthénie auto-immune de l’enfant
Authors: Molimard Agathe , Gitiaux Cyril , Barnerias Christine , Audic Frédérique , Isapof Arnaud , Walther-Louvier Ulrike , Cances Claude , Espil-Taris Caroline , Jean-Baptiste Davion , Quijano-Roy Susana , Grisel Coraline , Chabrol Brigitte , Desguerre Isabelle
Published: November 2024

La myasthénie auto-immune de l’enfant a des particularités qui motivent une optimisation de la prise en charge thérapeutique. D’une part, le traitement immunosuppresseur recommandé en première intention est la corticothérapie, malgré ses importants effets indésirables sur la croissance staturo-pondérale, le comportement, le développement osseux, etc. D’autre part, faute d’essais cliniques chez l’enfant, la place des nouvelles thérapeutiques immunosuppressives reste mal définie. Le rituximab est l’immunosuppresseur non stéroïdien le plus utilisé en France dans la myasthénie auto-immune juvénile. Son utilisation, sans uniformisation des pratiques ni suivi de l’efficacité et de sa sécurité, reste non consensuelle. L’objet de ce travail est de proposer une nouvelle place du traitement par rituximab dans la prise en charge de la myasthénie auto-immune de l’enfant.
Du gène à la cellule
Authors: Reynaud Dulaurier Robin , Brocard Julie , Rendu John , Debbah Nagi , Fauré Julien , Marty Isabelle
Published: November 2024

Le dépistage génétique des maladies rares permet d’identifier le(s) gène(s) responsable(s) chez environ 50 % des patients. Les cas restants se trouvent dans une impasse diagnostique, car les connaissances actuelles ne permettent pas d’identifier le bon gène ou de déterminer si le(s) variant(s) détecté(s) sur le gène est(sont) pathogène(s) ou bénin(s). On parle alors de « variants de signification inconnue » (VSI). Dans le cas des maladies neuromusculaires, le gène RYR1 est souvent mis en cause, mais la majorité de ses variants identifiés sont classés comme VSI, ce qui met à mal le diagnostic précis des patients. Notre projet vise à créer un pipeline d’analyses en combinant différentes approches (l’intelligence artificielle, les données de biologies structurales et les analyses fonctionnelles), afin d’obtenir une classification des variants de RYR1 plus efficace et d’améliorer le diagnostic génétique des maladies liées à ce gène.
La microdystrophine pour le traitement de la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne
Authors: Jaber Abbass , Palmieri Laura , Gicquel Evelyne , Richard Isabelle , Israeli David
Published: November 2024

La dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) est une maladie musculaire génétique dégénérative sévère affectant principalement les jeunes garçons, caractérisée par une altération significative ou une absence d’expression de la dystrophine. Des avancées significatives ont été réalisées dans la compréhension et le traitement de la DMD, notamment avec l’autorisation récente de la première thérapie génique utilisant un vecteur adéno-associé recombinant (AAVr) pour délivrer une forme raccourcie de la dystrophine (microdystrophine). Malgré ces progrès, des défis majeurs persistent pour améliorer les résultats thérapeutiques. L’utilisation des vecteurs AAVr est entravée par des limitations majeures, notamment les risques d’immunotoxicité et d’hépatotoxicité associés aux hautes doses injectées. De plus, la microdystrophine présente des limites fonctionnelles intrinsèques ainsi que des risques immunologiques. Cet article examine ces défis et explore les perspectives d’amélioration de la thérapie génique pour la DMD.
Parasport et maladies neuromusculaires
Authors: Lopez Orianne
Published: November 2024

Les bienfaits de l’activité physique, sur le plan organique et psychologique, sont démontrés. Chez les patients atteints d’une maladie neuromusculaire, l’activité physique adaptée et le parasport sont aussi des moyens de lutter contre la sédentarité qui s’ajoute à celle imposée par la maladie.

Quelles que soient les capacités motrices du sujet, qu’il soit marchant ou non, qu’il ait une bonne force des membres supérieurs ou seulement une minime fonction distale préservée, un parasport peut être pratiqué. En effet, certaines disciplines sont possibles pour des patients aux fonctions motrices très faibles.

Une des missions des intervenants dans le parcours de vie de la personne atteinte d’une maladie neuromusculaire est d’aborder ce sujet. Il est capital de faire prendre conscience de ce champ des possibles et de son importance au patient, dès son plus jeune âge, et à ses aidants, tout en respectant d’éventuelles contre-indications ou inaptitudes partielles. Accompagner vers une pratique parasportive, c’est devoir « sortir de l’hôpital » et interagir avec des collaborateurs de proximité pour faciliter l’orientation, organiser l’initiation et la mise en place de l’activité dans le quotidien du patient.

Le temps accordé au patient et à ses aidants pour aborder ce sujet et les guider permet d’illustrer la prise en charge globale auprès de ce patient et le souci porté à son inclusion et à sa santé physique et mentale.
Modeling compartmentalization within intracellular signaling pathway
Authors: Alamichel Claire , Calvo Juan , Hingant Erwan , Latrach Saoussen , Quiblier Nathan , Yvinec Romain
Published: November 2024

We present a novel approach to modeling receptor-activated signaling pathways that take into account the compartmentalization of receptors and their effectors, both on the cell surface and in dynamic intracellular vesicles called endosomes. The first building block of the model concerns compartment dynamics. It takes into account creation of de novo endosomes, i.e. endocytosis, and further recycling of endosomes to the cell surface or degradation, as well as fusion of endosomes via coagulation dynamics. The second building block concerns biochemical reactions on the cell surface and within intra-cellular compartments. Both building blocks are coupled by the transfer of molecules that occurs at each event that modifies the compartments.

The model is formulated as a integro-partial differential equation, with transport and coagulation operators, and source terms, coupled to an integro-differential equation. In this work, we prove sufficient conditions to obtain exponential ergodicity for the size distribution of intracellular compartments. We further design a finite volume scheme to simulate our model. Finally, we show two application cases that show qualitative agreement with recently published data, proving that our model can help capture the spatio-temporal complexity of receptor-activated signaling pathway.
Deep learning for mean field optimal transport
Authors: Baudelet Sebastian , Frénais Brieuc , Laurière Mathieu , Machtalay Amal , Zhu Yuchen
Published: November 2024

Mean field control (MFC) problems have been introduced to study social optima in very large populations of strategic agents. The main idea is to consider an infinite population and to simplify the analysis by using a mean field approximation. These problems can also be viewed as optimal control problems for McKean-Vlasov dynamics. They have found applications in a wide range of fields, from economics and finance to social sciences and engineering. Usually, the goal for the agents is to minimize a total cost which consists in the integral of a running cost plus a terminal cost. In this work, we consider MFC problems in which there is no terminal cost but, instead, the terminal distribution is prescribed as in optimal transport problem. By analogy with MFC, we call such problems mean field optimal transport problems (or MFOT for short) since they can be viewed as a generalization of classical optimal transport problems when mean field interactions occur in the dynamics or the running cost function. We propose three numerical methods based on neural networks. The first one is based on directly learning an optimal control. The second one amounts to solve a forward-backward PDE system characterizing the solution. The third one relies on a primal-dual approach. We illustrate these methods with numerical experiments conducted on two families of examples.
Highly parallel drift-kinetic semi-Lagrangian simulations in Python
Authors: Bourne Emily , Güçlü Yaman
Published: November 2024

This paper describes PyGyro, a parallel 4D drift-kinetic code which implements backward semi-Lagrangian methods combined with field-aligned interpolation and time-splitting. The purpose of PyGyro is twofold: to develop an advanced parallelisation scheme based on fast data transpositions, and to demonstrate the efficacy of a development workflow with code written in Python. Bottlenecks are accelerated with the Pyccel transpiler to achieve Fortran-like execution times. The resulting simulations are shown to correctly reproduce the expected physics and demonstrate good strong scaling, well beyond what was achieved by an existing Fortran code.
Hyperbolic reduced model for Vlasov-Poisson equation with Fokker-Planck collision
Authors: Franck Emmanuel , Labanni Ibtissem , Nasseri Youssouf , Navoret Laurent , Parasiliti Rantone Giuseppe , Steimer Guillaume
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a reduced model to simulate the one-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson equation with the non-linear Fokker-Planck operator. The model provides the space-time dynamics of a few macroscopic quantities constructed following the Reduced Order Method (ROM) in the velocity variable: the compression is thus applied to the semi-discretization of the Vlasov equation. To gain efficiency, a Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM) is applied to the compressed non-linear Fokker-Planck operator. The size of the resulting reduced model is chosen empirically according to the Knudsen number. Furthermore, we propose a correction to the reduced collision operator that ensures the reduced moments to satisfy an Euler-type system. Numerical simulations of the reduced model show that the model can capture the plasma dynamics in different collisional regimes and initial conditions at a low cost.
Inflation des problematischen Moralisierens im
Stigmatisierungsdiskurs
Authors: Uhl Alfred , Wallroth Martin
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund und Fragestellung Die Fachwelt fordert seit Langem, die
Stigmatisierung von Menschen mit Substanzmissbrauch und Suchterkrankungen zu
beenden. Dabei wird oft auch gerechtfertigte Kritik oder Selbstkritik in ein
negatives Licht gerückt und der Diskurs stark moralisierend aufgeladen. Diese
Tendenzen bringen den Entstigmatisierungsdiskurs in Widerspruch zu Ergebnissen
der Suchtforschung und zu Erfordernissen der Suchthilfe und prävention.

Methoden Der Diskurs zum Thema und auch die Messung von Stigmatisierung
wird theoretisch analysiert.

Ergebnisse Im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs werden oft inhaltlich durchaus
angemessene Sicht- und Verhaltensweisen pauschal als unzulässig abgetan, was
bestehende Widersprüche nicht löst, sondern eher verstärkt. Das ist weder für
die primär Betroffenen noch für Dritte hilfreich.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung In einer modernen demokratischen
Gesellschaft ist es von zentraler Bedeutung, Toleranz gegenüber Menschen mit
Suchtproblemen oder anderen gesundheitlichen und sozialen Problemen zu fördern
und ihnen bei der Bewältigung ihrer Herausforderungen zur Seite zu stehen. Es
ist jedoch nicht sinnvoll, die Probleme, die Betroffene für sich selbst und ihre
Umgebung verursachen, trotz anderslautender Lippenbekenntnisse de facto zu
verleugnen und jede kritische Auseinandersetzung mit entstehenden Problemen als
„unzulässige Stigmatisierung“ zu brandmarken.