bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASPHALT EXTRACTION TEST INVESTIGATION: POST AUDIT URGENCY AND THE FOLLOW UPS (CASE STUDY: ROAD SEGMENT MAINTENANCE Ir. SOEKARNO Rd–BATU)
Authors: Pramaputro Riandono
Published: September 2021

In the most common opinions, the asphalt content test cannot be carried out during the post audit. But there are complaints about the poor quality of hotmix asphalt works in public sector projects from road users. In these cases, auditors must maintain reputation of the Government to accommodate trust in the development that has been done, by carrying out the function of monitoring and evaluating, including in the evaluating of road maintenance work. From visual observations, the the most conditions of routine maintenance work (on the study object) are not good as expected. Also, the test results of the asphalt content in the mixture (extraction) have proven that the quality does not meet the required technical specifications, in where the density value and the mixed asphalt content is 15.24% lower than the allowable tolerance. Under these conditions, auditors can assume that the similarity range of asphalt concrete (AC-WC) quality is still too far from the required specifications. Complaints about the poor quality of hotmix asphalt works must be accommodated by auditors to maintain the image and reputation of the Government in the trust of Regional Development.
De la ingeniería a la idoneidad didáctica en educación matemática
Authors: Godino Juan D.
Published: September 2021

La Didáctica de la matemática tiene un componente científico (descriptivo, explicativo y predictivo) y un componente tecnológico (prescriptivo), el cual implica el diseño y experimentación de intervenciones educativas óptimas en cada contexto y circunstancias. En consecuencia, se aplican y desarrollan teorías y métodos generales de investigación educativa, así como teorías instruccionales específicas y locales. En este trabajo analizamos tres teorías ampliamente usadas en Didáctica de la matemática destacando los rasgos que incorporan relacionados con el componente tecnológico de la Didáctica, esto es, como teorías de diseño instruccional o ingeniería didáctica. Se trata de la Teoría de Situaciones, el Enfoque Antropológico y la Educación Matemática Realista. Así mismo, describimos la Teoría de la Idoneidad Didáctica, como un componente del Enfoque Ontosemiótico, que aborda el problema axiológico de identificación y estructuración de criterios de optimización de los procesos de instrucción matemática, mediante los cuales se puede salvar la brecha entre la ingeniería didáctica y la práctica de la enseñanza. Finalmente se analizan las concordancias y complementariedades entre las cuatro teorías mencionadas. La clarificación y comparación de los criterios de idoneidad didáctica de diferentes marcos teóricos y su articulación en un sistema coherente supone un programa de investigación que apenas sugerimos en este artículo.
The Effect of Top Management Support on The Effectiveness of Public Sector Internal Audit in Indonesia with Competence and Independence as Intervening Variables
Authors: Saputra Kanta Rio , Winarningsih Srihadi , Puspitasari Evita
Published: September 2021

The phenomenon of corruption cases that often occur in local governments and BPK findings related to weaknesses in the internal control system indicates that the internal audit function in local governments is not yet effective. This study aims to examine and measure how much influence the factors that affect the effectiveness of internal audit in the public sector in Indonesia. The results of this study are expected to be used as a consideration for policy making by the Government, which is currently encouraging the improvement of the effectiveness of internal audit in Indonesia. The population in this study were all internal audits of local government in Indonesia. The data collected in this study were 55 internal audits of local government throughout Indonesia.  The research was conducted with a quantitative approach using SEM PLS. The results showed that independence and competence had a significant effect on the effectiveness of internal audit and top management support indirectly had a significant effect on the effectiveness of internal audit through competence and independence. However, top management support directly does not have a significant effect on the effectiveness of internal audit. This research also revealed that with the support of top management to the competence and independence of internal audit, it will be able to encourage a more effective internal audit in carrying out its duties and functions.
Analisis Stakeholder di Wilayah Operasional Perusahaan Pertambangan Migas
Authors: Zainal Rabin Ibnu
Published: September 2021

Mining companies, such as oil and gas mining, are categorized as having a very risky impact on the environment and surrounding communities. For this reason, mining companies are encouraged to identify stakeholders in the company's operation area, and then communicate and strategize with these stakeholders to mitigate the impact that may arise from the company's operations. Stakeholder analysis approaches are often used to identify stakeholders. In addition, stakeholder analysis also provides an overview of the attributes of each stakeholder related to power, influence and legitimacy. Qualitative methods are used in research based on interviews and observations with all parties related to the operations of oil and gas companies. Through this method, stakeholders are identified in the community, local government and internal oil and gas mining companies. Each identified stakeholder was also analyzed for each attribute, and research finds that each stakeholder has different attributes. Stakeholder attributes affect the position of these stakeholders, and surely affect the relationship between these stakeholders and other stakeholders. The research concludes that a different approach strategy is required from each stakeholder based on the attributes possessed by these stakeholders.

 

Abstrak

Perusahaan pertambangan, seperti pertambangan minyak dan gas dikategorikan memiliki dampak sangat beresiko terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat sekitar.  Untuk itu perusahaan pertambangan didorong untuk mengidentifikasi para pemangku kepentingan (stakeholder) yang berada di wilayah operasi perusahaan tersebut, dan selanjutnya melakukan komunikasi dan strategi dengan stakeholder tersebut untuk memitigasi dampak yang mungkin ditimbulkan dari operasional perusahaan.  Analisis pendekatan stakeholder sering digunakan untuk megidentifikasi para pemangku kepentingan. Selain itu, analisis stakeholder juga memberikan gambaran tentang atribut dari setiap stakeholder terkait dengan kekuasaan, pengaruh, dan legitimasi.  Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian dengan berdasarkan wawancara dan observasi dengan seluruh pihak yang terkait dengan operasional perusahaan migas.  Melalui metode ini, teridentifikasi stakeholder yang terdapat di masyarakat, pemerintah daerah dan internal perusahaan pertambangan migas. Setiap stakeholder yang teridentifikasi juga dianalisis setiap atributnya, dan ditemukan bahwa setiap stakeholder memiliki atribut yang berbeda-beda. Atribut stakeholder mempengaruhi posisi stakeholder tersebut, dan tentunya mempengaruhi hubungan stakeholder tersebut dengan stakeholder lainnya.  Penelitian memberikan kesimpulan bahwa diperlukan strategi pendekatan yang berbeda dari setiap stakeholder berdasarkan atribut yang dimiliki oleh stakeholder tersebut. 

Kata kunci: Analisis Stakeholder, Perusahaan Migas, Kekuasaan, Legitimasi, Urgensi.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy
Authors: Kalantzis Christos , Pappa Kalliopi
Published: September 2021

Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy is a rare but potential life-threatening condition for the mother and the fetus. Although predictably DKP is more common in patients with type 1 diabetes, it has been reported too in those with type 2 diabetes as well as gestational diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis usually occurs in the second and third trimesters because of insulin resistance. Prompt recognition and aggressive treatment of this condition are essential in order to reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity. Despite improvement in its incidence rates and outcomes over the years, it still remains a major clinical problem that posesseveral challenges with respect to diagnosis and management.
Penggunaan Metode Goal Programming Untuk Optimasi Perancangan Proses Produksi Produk Wingko Babat
Authors: Novitasari Novitasari , Talitha Tita , Susanto Dewi Agustini
Published: September 2021

One form of actual problems in the manufacturing industry is how to maximize the value of profit with various constraints or constraints. The problem is not only experienced by big industry but also small industry like in UD. Wingko trip Mr. Moel who is trying to maximize the value of profit by estimating the amount of wingko trips that must be produced because there is a problem of the difference in the amount of production with one of the limits associated with the production capacity. The resulting production difference causes the amount of wingko trip or excess production in certain month. The method of Goal Programming is the one method of optimization with more than one objective that are interconnected with each other or conflicting to solve the problem. This research uses the Goal Programming method to optimize the production amount and maximize the profit of the product, and to forecast the number of forward demand by using the number of the past request to know how many products must be produced. Goal Programming Formulations use forecasting as decision variables for optimization of results in compliance with criteria and constraints. The results show the optimal amount of production in January - December 2017 are 29860 bag wingko original, 24000 bag wingko chocolate chocolate, 26004 bag wingko tripe jackfruit and 18084 bag wingko tripe durian with total profit in 2017 is Rp. 429.736.600.Â
MANAJAMEN RISIKO KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALUR GANDA KERETA API
Authors: Munang Aswan , RM Faisal , Mansur Agus
Published: September 2021

AbstractPT. XYZ is a contractor company that focused on railway installation. Nowadays, PT.XYZ is working on a double track railway development in Semarang-Bojonegoro section. The project requires the ability of a project manager to manage risk. Working accidents occur due to poor risk management. The purpose of risk management is to anticipate the occurrence of risks that has caused financial losses and failure. The objectives of the study are to implement risk assessment and risk control based on risk management standards. The risk management process that has been applied refers ISO 31000 standards. The standards are included the risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation. The result shows that assessing railway double rail project has identified 19 unexpected risks as a high risk and 12 unacceptable risks that are required risk mitigation to reduce the impact.Â Keyword: Project Management, Risk Management, Risk Mitigation.Â Â AbstrakPT. XYZ adalah perusahaan kontraktor dibidang pembangunan jalur kereta api. ProyekÂ  pembangunan jalur ganda kereta api memerlukan kemampuan seorang manajer proyek dalam mengelola manajemen risiko. Kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi disebabkan belum terkelolanya manajemen risiko dengan baik. Pengelolaan manajemen risiko sangatlah penting dapat mengantisipasi terjdinya risiko yang menimbulkan kerugian finansial dan kegagalan dalam mencapai tujuan proyek. Tujuan penelitian melakukan penilaian dan pengendalian risiko dengan menggunakan standar manajemen risiko. Proses manajemen risiko mengunakan standar ISO 31000 meliputi tahapan identifikasi, analisis dan evaluasi risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaÂ  pembangunan proyek jalur ganda kereta api memiliki risiko yang tinggi karena langsung bersinggungan dengan jalur kereta aktif sehingga teridentifikasi ada 19 risiko yang tidak diharapkan. Selain itu terdapat 12 risiko yang tidak dapat diterima. Risiko yang tidak dapat diterima memerlukanÂ  mitigasi risiko mengurangi dampak yang ditimbulkan.Â Keyword: Manajemen Proyek, Manajemen risiko, Mitigasi Risiko.
MEREDUKSI CACAT BOTOL PLASTIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN SIX SIGMA DAN FUZZY
Authors: Nurrakhman Fahmi Indra , Izzhati Dwi Nurul , Tjahyono Rudi
Published: September 2021

AkstrakCV Jordan Plastik  adalah perusahan plastik yang berada di Semarang. Produk yang dihasilkan  diantaranya adalah botol plastik PET. Perusahaan menargetkan  maksimal produk cacat rata-rata 2% perbulan, namun realisasinya ada kenaikan produk cacat pada periode Oktober 2018 sampai Maret 2019 menjadi 4,69%. Untuk mengendalikan permasalahan ini dan mereduksi produk cacat, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan Metode Six Sigma.Tahapan dari metode Six Sigma meliputi Define,  Measure,  Analyze,  Improve  dan  Control.  Pada  penelitian  ini  tidak  membahas  pada tahapan control hanya sampai tahap Improve. Pada tahap Define diketahui jenis cacatnya botol PET yaitu bocor, body menggumpal, drop test, garis motong, goyang, kepala cembung, kotor oli, leher  miring,  ring  penyok,  selip,  semu  gosong,  semu  putih,  stretch  miring,  dan  tebal  tipis    dan penyebab  cacat  dominan  adalah  suhu  mesin  preform  berubah-ubah.Tahap  Measure,    DPMO selama periode Oktober 2018 sampai Maret 2019 sebesar 46.912 pcs dengan nilai sigma 3,18. Tahap Analyze, analisis faktor yang menyebabkan cacat pada tiga jenis cacat tertinggi yaitu ring penyok, semu putih dan goyang. Pada tahap Improve dilakukan penstabilan suhu mesin pemanas preform dengan metode logika fuzzy pada suhu 58 Celcius. Kata Kunci : PET, Six Sigma, Pengendalian Kualitas, DMAIC, Fuzzy
ANALISA KEBOCORAN PADA BODY MILL / PULVERIZER MENGGUNAKAN METODA ROOT CAUSE FAILURE ANALYSIS (RCFA)
Authors: Sukendar Irwan , Syahkroni Akhmad , Prasetyo Bagus Tri
Published: September 2021

AbstrakAbstrak PT PJB UBJOM PLTU Tanjung Awar-awar unit 1 dengan kapasitas total daya 350 MW. Setelah dilakukan program combusition tunning di bulan februari 2017, PLTU tanjung awar-awar dapat  meningkatkan  effisiensi  peralatan  tertinggi  pada  sistem  pembangkit  jawa-bali  dan mendapatkan merrit order tertinggi oleh PLN. Permasalahan yang sering terjadi di adalah terjadi kebocoran body pulverizer. Kebocoran ini di sebabkan over velocity pulverizer akibat penggunaan variasi  batubara.  Dalam  penggunaan  batubara  low  range  coal,  operator  harus  menaikan  flow primary  air  untuk  mencapai    outlet  temperatur  yang  sesuai.  Kenaikan  tersebut  menyebabkan naiknya coal flow pada Mill/Pulverizer, coal flow maksimal pada pulverizer 38.5 t/h sedangkan actual  opeasi  43.7  t/h.    Over  velocity  yang  terjadi  pada  pulverizer  secara  tidak  langsung meningkatkan laju abrasive di dalam coal pulverizer. Dengan penerapan metode Root Cause Failure Analysis di dapat melakuakan  redesign inner linning body pulverizer. Redesign ini bertujuan menekan laju abrasive yang tinggi di dalam pulverizer  dengan  menaikan  hardness  pada  dinding  pulverizer.  Kondisi  awal  plate  S5  222  HB atau  19  RC  menjadi  625  HB  atau  60  Rc.  Dengan  melakukan  Redesign  inner  linning  body pulverizer, maka akan membantu mengoptimalkan kehandalan pengoperasian pulverizer. Kata kunci : Mill/Pulverizer, kebocoran body, RCFA (Root Cause Failure Analysis)
ANALISIS BIAYA KUALITAS MENGGUNAKAAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABC) PADA USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM)
Authors: Sukendar Irwan , Sugiyono Andre , Supardi Fauyan
Published: September 2021

Abstrak UMKM Bandeng Presto Pak Han  merupakan usaha rumahan yang bergerak pada pembuatan bandeng presto. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pemilik usaha, setiap hari dalam produksi pasti ada bandeng presto yang rusak tidak bisa dijual ke pasaran serta dinyatakan produk reject. Rata rata produk reject mencapai pada presentase 4%-7% dalam setiap produksi. Produk reject dan sisa penjualan hari itu akan diambil oleh pengepul dan akan dijual kembali setengah harga yang berakibat dengan menurunnya laba yang diterima oleh Bandeng Presto Pak Han . Penelitian bertujuan melakukan perhitungan biaya kualitas yang belum  pernah diperhitungkan sebelumnya, serta mengidentifikasi biaya-biaya apa saja yang dikeluarkan dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas produk serta meningkatkan laba penjualan. Dari pengamataan serta perhitungan dari waktu baku serta perhitungan semua aspek biaya produksi maka disimpulkan metode Activity Based Costing (ABC  Berdasarkan  pada  hasil  pengolahan  data  yang  telah  dilakukan  dengan  Activity  Based Costing (ABC) Dari hasil perhitungan biaya kualitas selama 6 bulan sebesar Rp 22.971.234,44. Pada  biaya  pencegahan  paling  rendah  pada  bulan  juli  dan  agustus  yaitu  Rp.  2.090.694,32 dengan  presentase rasio sebesar 32,26% dan biaya pencegahan paling tinggi terjadi pada bulan juni, sebesar Rp 1.304.233,96 dengan rasio  38,82% . Pada biaya penilaian paling rendah yaitu pada  bulan  juli  dan  agustus  yaitu  Rp.  1.072.245,97  dengan  presentase  15,55  %  dan  biaya penilaian  paling  tinggi  terjadi  pada  bulan  maret  sebesar  Rp.  1.040.000,00,  pada  bulan  april sebesar Rp. 1.000.000,00 dan pada bulan mei sebesar Rp. 9.20.000,00 dengan rasio 16,67%. Serta pada biaya kegagan paling rendah terdapat pada bulan Agustus sebesar Rp. 952.500,00  dengan rasio  14,70%, serta biaya kegagalan paling tinggi terdapat pada bulan mei sebesar Rp. 1.290.000,00 dengan presentase 23,37%. Kata Kunci : Activity Based Costing, Biaya Kualitas, Bandeng Presto
Prediksi Target Sistem Productivity Services menggunakan Penerapan Algoritma C4.5 pada PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja Jakarta
Authors: Rahmawati Anis , Rakhmah Syifa Nur , Prahartiwi Lusa Indah
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere are many ways that each service provider company does, especially services to win the competition, among others, by increasing service productivity targets. One service provider company that is committed to increasing service productivity targets is PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja. This study aims to predict service productivity system targets using the application of Algortima C4.5 at PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja. The attributes of working time input in this study include area, performance, efficiency, and productivity. In this study, it was found that the results obtained came from several input attributes which resulted in a causal relationship in classifying the results of service productivity targets at PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja. This research is expected to help PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja in increasing customer satisfaction to retain customers and increase profits of PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja. Based on the classification results using the C4.5 Algorithm, it shows that the accuracy reaches 95.00%, which indicates that the C4.5 algorithm is suitable for measuring the target level at PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja. Keywords: Accuracy, Validation, Decision Tree, Data mining, KDD, C4.5 Algorithm, Services Companies, Target Services Productivity Systems  Banyak cara yang dilakukan oleh masing - masing perusahaan penyedia jasa, khususnya servis untuk memenangkan persaingan, antara lain dengan meningkatkan target produktivitas servis. Salah satu perusahaan penyedia jasa servis yang berkomitmen dalam meningkatkan target produktivitas servis adalah PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperdiksi target sistem produktivitas servis menggunakan penerapan Algoritma C4.5 pada PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja. Atribut masukan waktu kerja dalam penelitian ini mencangkup daerah, kinerja, efisiensi, dan produktivitas.  Dalam penelitian ini, didapatkan bahwa hasil yang didapatkan berasal dari beberapa atribut masukan menghasilkan hubungan sebab -akibat dalam mengklasifikasikan hasil dari target produktivitas servis pada PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pihak PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja dalam meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen untuk mempertahankan pelanggan dan meningkatkan laba PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil klasifikasi menggunakan Algoritma C4.5 menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh akurasi mencapai 95,00%, yang menunjukkan bahwa algoritma C4.5 cocok digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat target pada PT. Sanggar Sarana Baja. Kata kunci: Akurasi, Validasi, Decision Tree, Data mining, KDD, Algoritma C4.5, Perusahaan Jasa, Target Sistem Productivity ServicesReferensi[1]        Yulia and N. Azwanti, “Data Mining Prediksi Besarnya Penggunaan Listrik Rumah Tangga di Kota Batam Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma C4.5,” Semin. Nas. Ilmu Sos. dan Teknol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 175–180, 2018.[2]      R. Novita, “Teknik Data Mining?: Algoritma C 4 . 5,” pp. 1–12, 2016.
Virtual assets market regulation: global and national level of implementation of AML/CFT international standards
Authors:   Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, DMYTRENKO Tetyana , LYUBICH Oleksandr ,   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”, PARKHOMENKO Yuliya ,   Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the implementation of international standards of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in the field of new technologies (Recommendation 15) and related risks of money laundering, terrorist financing (AML/CFT). The issues of risk assessment and management are considered from the perspective of the development of the virtual assets (VA) market, its infrastructure, new instruments, and from the perspective of interaction with the banking and payment systems. The article also discusses the current problems of the development and functioning of the global cryptomarket and strategic planning of international cooperation in solving these issues, as well as an action plan at the national level. In addition, virtual asset service providers (VASPs) are trying to determine a cost-effective way to comply with this rule due to the lack of any standardized protocol in the VASP for exchanging such information. The authors disclose methodological approaches to assessing AML/CFT risks (1 Recommendation), mechanisms for conducting a sectoral risk assessment, and specifics of AML procedures, such as identification and verification of customers, determination of beneficial ownership, transfer of such information when performing transactions with virtual assets. The directions of the development of interaction between the central government authorities, the law enforcement system, and participants in the virtual asset market at the national and global level, the need to implement the "Travel Rule" (16 FATF Recommendations), using the latest fintech and blockchain (DLT) technologies to increase the speed and security of transmitted information are also analyzed. In addition, the rule requires VASP beneficiaries to obtain and retain the necessary information about the initiator and beneficiary. Particular attention is paid to the measures of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine regarding the reduction of threats to the use of virtual assets in the shadow economy, the development of fraud in cyberspace, cybercrime in order to develop a transparent civilized crypto market and digital technologies in general.
Improvement of regulatory and legal support of financial monitoring in Ukraine
Authors:   SHEE “Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman”, KUZMINSKA Olga , ABESINOVA Оlena ,   SHEE “Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman”
Published: September 2021

In the publication according to the results of the analysis of the main international and national regulations of financial monitoring on the basis of the historical approach the directions of improvement of normative – legal maintenance in the field of prevention and counteraction to legalization of illegal incomes in Ukraine are outlined. The peculiarities of the main historical stages of the formation of the financial intelligence unit in Ukraine – the national center for analysis of information on suspicious transactions and other information on money laundering, terrorist financing, and financing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are discloses. The issues of implementation of the provisions of international normative acts regulating the sphere of counteraction to legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime, financing of terrorism and financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction at the international level are highlighted, in particular, the standards developed by the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) and the Directives of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU, United Nations documents, international conventions ratified by Ukraine. Considerable attention is paid to the need for further harmonization of national and international legislation in the field of financial monitoring. It is proposed to take into account the conceptual principles of behavioral economics when improving the regulatory and legal support of financial monitoring (bylaws), in particular regarding the application of risk-oriented approach when analyzing and identifying suspicious financial transactions and identifying the ultimate beneficial owner of the client. The necessity of scientific research in the researched field in the traditional professional directions: “Money, finance and credit” and “Administrative law and process; finance law; information law”, and in related scientific specialties: “Economics and management of the national economy” (in the field of “Economic security of the national economy”), and “Accounting, analysis and audit (by type of economic activity)” (in the areas of “Organization of auditing: the specifics of formation and the functioning of audit services”, and “Accounting and analytical operations, their standardization and unification”) is substantiated.
Environment education in India: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Puri Kanchan , Senthil Vel Arumugam , Manoharan Natesan , James Rathinam Arthur , Joshi Ritesh
Published: September 2021

It is now widely acknowledged that the impact of human activities on environment is significant and will have serious consequences for future generations. Environment education has a significant role in making the youth conscious about their environment, adopting green social behaviour and thus responding to the environment crises. Recognizing the importance and need of environment education, India has initiated several efforts including making the environment education compulsory at all level of education. Today when environmental conditions are changing adversely and all living beings are suffering from the negative consequences of environmental pollution and climate changes, there is a need to reorient the curriculum of environment education for making it more attractive and responsive to the local environmental issues. Moreover, related policies are also needed to be restructured for sensitizing the people, especially school and college level students about the issues related to environment management.
Masses Are Other People
Authors: Pooley Jefferson
Published: September 2021

The obvious reason to drop the word “mass” from our disciplinary name is that social reality has moved on. “Mass communication” is irredeemably linked to the broadcast era and one-to-many dispersal. The “mass” of “mass communication”—as a catch-all for the field—is plainly outdated. There is another reason to drop the label. The word “mass” comes freighted with a history of abusive associations. A “mass,” as the term came to be used in the late nineteenth century, referred to a mob—to a crowd-in-waiting, suggestible and bovine. “Mass” was a pejorative linked to a warning: popular democracy is dangerous. Raymond Williams drew out the term’s fundamentally ascriptive character: “There are in fact no masses; there are only ways of seeing people as masses.” Masses, he added, “are other people.”
Inhibition of N2 Fixation by N Fertilization of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown on Fields of Farmers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, Measured Using 15N Natural Abundance and Tissue Ureide Analysis
Authors: Habinshuti Simon J. , Maseko Sipho T. , Dakora Felix D.
Published: September 2021

Inhibition of N2 fixation in N-fertilized common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants growing on the fields of farmers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa was measured using 15N natural abundance and tissue ureide analysis. The N-fertilized bean plants revealed greater soil N uptake, higher concentrations of nitrate in organs, low tissue ureide levels, and much lower percent relative ureide-N abundance when compared with unfertilized plants. In contrast, the unfertilized plants showed greater nodule fresh weight, higher N derived from fixation (e.g., 84.6, 90.4, and 97.1% at Lujecweni fields 2, 3, and 4, respectively), increased amount of N-fixed (e.g., 163.3, 161.3, and 140.3 kg ha−1 at Lujecweni fields 2, 3, and 4, respectively), greater ureide concentration in stems and petioles, higher % relative ureide-N abundance, and low soil N uptake. We also found that the percent N derived from fixation (%Ndfa) was very high for some bean plants receiving a double dose of N fertilizer [e.g., Lujecweni field 1 (51.8%) and Tikitiki field 1 (53.3%], and quite high for others receiving a single dose of N fertilizer [e.g., Tikitiki field 2 (50.1%), Mfabantu fields 1 and 2 (45.5 and 79.9%, respectively), and St. Luthberts field 1 (58.9%)]. Though not assessed in this study, it is likely that the rhizobia that effectively nodulated the N-fertilized bean plants and fixed considerable amounts of symbiotic N had constitutive and/or inducible nitrate reductase genes for reducing nitrate in nodules and bacteroids, hence their ability to form root nodules and derived high %Ndfa in bean with added N. While single- and double-dose N fertilizer applications increased plant growth and grain yield compared to unfertilized bean plants, the single-dose N fertilizer application produced much greater grain yield than the double dose. This indicates that farmers should stop using a double dose of N fertilizers on bean production, as it decreases yields and can potentially pollute the environment. This study has however shown that government supply of free N fertilizers to resource-poor farmers in South Africa increased bean yields for food/nutritional security.
Gut Microbiota-Mediated Modulation of Cancer Progression and Therapy Efficacy
Authors: Cheng Peng , Shen Peiliang , Shan Yunlong , Yang Yu , Deng Rui , Chen Wenxing , Lu Yin , Wei Zhonghong
Published: September 2021

The role of gut microbiota in the development of various tumors has been a rising topic of public interest, and in recent years, many studies have reported a close relationship between microbial groups and tumor development. Gut microbiota play a role in host metabolism, and the positive and negative alterations of these microbiota have an effect on tumor treatment. The microbiota directly promote, eliminate, and coordinate the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and the toxicity of adjuvant drugs, and enhance the ability of patients to respond to tumors in adjuvant immunotherapy. In this review, we outline the significance of gut microbiota in tumor development, reveal its impacts on chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and discover various potential mechanisms whereby they influence tumor treatment. This review demonstrates the importance of intestinal microbiota-related research for clinical tumor treatment and provides additional strategy for clinical assistance in cancer treatment.
Biological Functions of Let-7e-5p in Promoting the Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells
Authors: Wang Chunli , Liu Songcai , Li Jiaxin , Cheng Yunyun , Wang Zhaoguo , Feng Tianqi , Lu Guanhong , Wang Siyao , Song Jie , Xia Peijun , Hao Linlin
Published: September 2021

MicroRNAs let-7c and let-7f, two members of the let-7 family, were involved in regulating osteoblast differentiation and have an important role in bone formation. Let-7e-5p, which also belonged to the let-7 family, presented in the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. However, the role of let-7e-5p in osteoblast differentiation was unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the function of let-7e-5p in osteoblast differentiation and its mechanism. Firstly, we found that the let-7e-5p mimic promoted osteoblast differentiation but not the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells by positively regulating the expression levels of osteogenic-associated genes (RUNX2, OCN, OPN, and OSX), the activity of ALP, and formation of mineralized nodules. Moreover, we ascertained that the let-7e-5p mimic downregulated the post-transcriptional expression of SOCS1 by specifically binding to the 3′ untranslated region of SOCS1 mRNA. Also, let-7e-5p-induced SOCS1 downregulation increased the protein levels of p-STAT5 and IGF-1, which were both modulated by SOCS1 molecules. Furthermore, let-7e-5p abrogated the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation mediated by SOCS1 overexpression. Therefore, these results suggested that let-7e-5p regulated the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through the JAK2/STAT5 pathway to upregulate IGF-1 gene expression by inhibiting SOCS1. These findings may provide a new insight into the regulatory role of let-7e-5p in osteogenic differentiation and imply the existence of a novel mechanism underlying let-7e-5p-mediated osteogenic differentiation.
Role of Small Molecule Targeted Compounds in Cancer: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Sun Guoqiang , Rong Dawei , Li Zhouxiao , Sun Guangshun , Wu Fan , Li Xiao , Cao Hongyong , Cheng Ye , Tang Weiwei , Sun Yangbai
Published: September 2021

Research on molecular targeted therapy of tumors is booming, and novel targeted therapy drugs are constantly emerging. Small molecule targeted compounds, novel targeted therapy drugs, can be administered orally as tablets among other methods, and do not draw upon genes, causing no immune response. It is easily structurally modified to make it more applicable to clinical needs, and convenient to promote due to low cost. It refers to a hotspot in the research of tumor molecular targeted therapy. In the present study, we review the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved use of small molecule targeted compounds in tumors, summarize the clinical drug resistance problems and mechanisms facing the use of small molecule targeted compounds, and predict the future directions of the evolving field.
The Nucleus/Mitochondria-Shuttling LncRNAs Function as New Epigenetic Regulators of Mitophagy in Cancer
Authors: Li Yan , Li Wei , Hoffman Andrew R. , Cui Jiuwei , Hu Ji-Fan
Published: September 2021

Mitophagy is a specialized autophagic pathway responsible for the selective removal of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagosome in order to maintain mitochondria quality. The role of mitophagy in tumorigenesis has been conflicting, with the process both supporting tumor cell survival and promoting cell death. Cancer cells may utilize the mitophagy pathway to augment their metabolic requirements and resistance to cell death, thereby leading to increased cell proliferation and invasiveness. This review highlights major regulatory pathways of mitophagy involved in cancer. In particular, we summarize recent progress regarding how nuclear-encoded long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) function as novel epigenetic players in the mitochondria of cancer cells, affecting the malignant behavior of tumors by regulating mitophagy. Finally, we discuss the potential application of regulating mitophagy as a new target for cancer therapy.
Integrative Analysis of Biomarkers Through Machine Learning Identifies Stemness Features in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wei Ran , Quan Jichuan , Li Shuofeng , Liu Hengchang , Guan Xu , Jiang Zheng , Wang Xishan
Published: September 2021

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are characterized by self-renewal and plasticity, are highly correlated with tumor metastasis and drug resistance. To fully understand the role of CSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC), we evaluated the stemness traits and prognostic value of stemness-related genes in CRC.

Methods: In this study, the data from 616 CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were assessed and subtyped based on the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi). The correlations of cancer stemness with the immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulators were analyzed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the crucial stemness-related genes and modules. Furthermore, a prognostic expression signature was constructed using the Lasso-penalized Cox regression analysis. The signature was validated via multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tissue samples in an independent cohort of 48 CRC patients.

Results: This study suggests that high-mRNAsi scores are associated with poor overall survival in stage IV CRC patients. Moreover, the levels of TMB and m6A RNA methylation regulators were positively correlated with mRNAsi scores, and low-mRNAsi scores were characterized by increased immune activity in CRC. The analysis identified 34 key genes as candidate prognosis biomarkers. Finally, a three-gene prognostic signature (PARPBP, KNSTRN, and KIF2C) was explored together with specific clinical features to construct a nomogram, which was successfully validated in an external cohort.

Conclusion: There is a unique correlation between CSCs and the prognosis of CRC patients, and the novel biomarkers related to cell stemness could accurately predict the clinical outcomes of these patients.
Ferroptosis and Cancer: Complex Relationship and Potential Application of Exosomes
Authors: Wu Shuang , Li Tianye , Liu Weiwei , Huang Yongye
Published: September 2021

Cell death induction has become popular as a novel cancer treatment. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of cell death, features regulated, iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. Since this word “ferroptosis” was coined, numerous studies have examined the complex relationship between ferroptosis and cancer. Here, starting from the intrinsic hallmarks of cancer and cell death, we discuss the theoretical basis of cell death induction as a cancer treatment. We review various aspects of the relationship between ferroptosis and cancer, including the genetic basis, epigenetic modification, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment, to provide information and support for further research on ferroptosis. We also note that exosomes can be applied in ferroptosis-based therapy. These extracellular vesicles can deliver different molecules to modulate cancer cells and cell death pathways. Using exosomes to control ferroptosis occurring in targeted cells is promising for cancer therapy.
A Conserved Role for LRRK2 and Roco Proteins in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Activity
Authors: Rosenbusch Katharina E. , Oun Asmaa , Sanislav Oana , Lay Sui T. , Keizer-Gunnink Ineke , Annesley Sarah J. , Fisher Paul R. , Dolga Amalia M. , Kortholt Arjan
Published: September 2021

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease world-wide. Mutations in the multidomain protein Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most frequent cause of hereditary PD. Furthermore, recent data suggest that independent of mutations, increased kinase activity of LRRK2 plays an essential role in PD pathogenesis. Isolated mitochondria of tissue samples from PD patients carrying LRRK2 mutations display a significant impairment of mitochondrial function. However, due to the complexity of the mitochondrial signaling network, the role of LRRK2 in mitochondrial metabolism is still not well understood. Previously we have shown that D. discoideum Roco4 is a suitable model to study the activation mechanism of LRRK2 in vivo. To get more insight in the LRRK2 pathways regulating mitochondrial activity we used this Roco4 model system in combination with murine RAW macrophages. Here we show that both Dictyostelium roco4 knockout and cells expressing PD-mutants show behavioral and developmental phenotypes that are characteristic for mitochondrial impairment. Mitochondrial activity measured by Seahorse technology revealed that the basal respiration of D. discoideum roco4- cells is significantly increased compared to the WT strain, while the basal and maximal respiration values of cells overexpressing Roco4 are reduced compared to the WT strain. Consistently, LRRK2 KO RAW 264.7 cells exhibit higher maximal mitochondrial respiration activity compared to the LRRK2 parental RAW264.7 cells. Measurement on isolated mitochondria from LRRK2 KO and parental RAW 264.7 cells revealed no difference in activity compared to the parental cells. Furthermore, neither D. discoideum roco4- nor LRRK2 KO RAW 264.7 showed a difference in either the number or the morphology of mitochondria compared to their respective parental strains. This suggests that the observed effects on the mitochondrial respiratory in cells are indirect and that LRRK2/Roco proteins most likely require other cytosolic cofactors to elicit mitochondrial effects.
Heterogeneous Information Network-Based Patient Similarity Search
Authors: Huang Hao-zhe , Lu Xu-dong , Guo Wei , Jiang Xin-bo , Yan Zhong-min , Wang Shi-peng
Published: September 2021

Patient similarity search is a fundamental and important task in artificial intelligence-assisted medicine service, which is beneficial to medical diagnosis, such as making accurate predictions for similar diseases and recommending personalized treatment plans. Existing patient similarity search methods retrieve medical events associated with patients from Electronic Health Record (EHR) data and map them to vectors. The similarity between patients is expressed by calculating the similarity or dissimilarity between the corresponding vectors of medical events, thereby completing the patient similarity measurement. However, the obtained vectors tend to be high dimensional and sparse, which makes it hard to calculate patient similarity accurately. In addition, most of existing methods cannot capture the time information in the EHR, which is not conducive to analyzing the influence of time factors on patient similarity search. To solve these problems, we propose a patient similarity search method based on a heterogeneous information network. On the one hand, the proposed method uses a heterogeneous information network to connect patients, diseases, and drugs, which solves the problem of vector representation of mixed information related to patients, diseases, and drugs. Meanwhile, our method measures the similarity between patients by calculating the similarity between nodes in the heterogeneous information network. In this way, the challenges caused by high-dimensional and sparse vectors can be addressed. On the other hand, the proposed method solves the problem of inaccurate patient similarity search caused by the lack of use of time information in the patient similarity measurement process by encoding time information into an annotated heterogeneous information network. Experiments show that our method is better than the compared baseline methods.
Role of Chemical Structure of Support in Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of a Single Atom Catalyst Toward NRR: A Computational Study
Authors: Senthamaraikannan Thillai Govindaraja , Kaliaperumal Selvaraj , Krishnamurty Sailaja
Published: September 2021

Using the periodic density functional theory–based methodology, we propose a potential catalytic system for dinitrogen activation, viz., single metal atoms (Mo, Fe, and V) supported on graphene-based sheets. Graphene-based sheets show an excellent potential toward the anchoring of single atoms on them (Mo, Fe, and V) with adsorption energies ranging between 1.048 and 10.893 eV. Factors such as defects and BN doping are noted to enhance the adsorption energies of single metal atoms on the support. The adsorption of a dinitrogen molecule on metal atom–anchored graphene-based supports is seen to be highly favorable, ranging between 0.620 and 2.278 eV. The adsorption is driven through a direct hybridization between the d orbitals of the metal atom (Mo, Fe, and V) on the support and the p orbital of the molecular nitrogen. Noticeably, BN-doped graphene supporting a single metal atom (Mo, Fe, and V) activates the N2 molecule with a red shift in the N–N stretching frequency (1,597 cm−1 as compared to 2,330 cm−1 in the free N2 molecule). This red shift is corroborated by an increase in the N–N bond length (1.23 Å from 1.09 Å) and charge transfer to an N2 molecule from the catalyst.
Preparation of Sepiolite Nanofibers Supported Zero Valent Iron Composite Material for Catalytic Removal of Tetracycline in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Zhang Hong , Zhang Caihong , Zhao Yan , Zhang Na , Liang Jinsheng
Published: September 2021

The heavy use of antibiotics in medicine, stock farming and agriculture production has led to their gradual accumulation in environmental media, which poses a serious threat to ecological environment and human safety. As an efficient and promising catalyst for the degradation of antibiotics, nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, sepiolite nanofiber supported zero valent iron (nZVI/SEP) composite was prepared via a facile and environmentally friendly method. The nZVI particles (with size of 20–60 nm) were dispersed evenly on the surface of sepiolite nanofibers, and the catalytic performance for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) in aqueous system was investigated. The effect of nZVI loading amount, catalyst dosage, H2O2 concentration and pH on the removal efficiency of TC-HCl were studied. It was revealed that the sepiolite supporter effectively inhibited the agglomeration of nZVI particles and increased the contact area between contaminant and the active sites, resulting in the higher catalytic performance than pure nZVI material. The TC-HCl removal efficiency of nZVI/SEP composite was up to 92.67% when TC-HCl concentration of 20 mg/L, catalyst dosage of 1.0 g/L, H2O2 concentration of 1.0 mM, pH value of 7. Therefore, the nZVI/SEP composites possess high catalytic activity for TC-HCl removal and have great application prospects in antibiotic wastewater treatment.
Regio- and Diastereoselective Vicinal Aminobromination of Electron Deficient Olefins via Phosphorus-Based GAP Protocol
Authors: Rahman Anis Ur , Zarshad Nighat , Khan Iltaf , Faiz Faisal , Li Guigen , Ali Asad
Published: September 2021

Chemical synthesis based on Group-Assisted Purification chemistry (GAP) has been prolifically used as a powerful, greener and ecofriendly tool so far. Herein, we report hypervalent iodine (III) mediated regio- and diastereoselective aminobromination of electron-deficient olefins using group-assisted purification (GAP) method. By simply mixing the GAP auxiliary-anchored substrates with TsNH2–NBS as nitrogen/bromine sources and PhI(OAc)2 as a catalyst, a series of vicinal bromoamines with multifunctionalities were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (53–94%). The vicinal bromoamines were obtained without column chromatography and/or recrystallization simply by washing the crude mixtures with cosolvents and thus avoiding wastage of silica, solvents, time, and labor. The GAP auxiliary is recyclable and reusable.