bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L¿INTERCOMMUNALITÉ EN FRANCE COMME OBJET DE RECHERCHE. ENTRE ÉVALUATION DES DISPOSITIFS ET ANALYSES DES PROCESSUS D¿INSTITUTIONNALISATION
Authors: LE SAOUT RÉMY
Published: August 2021

En Francia, la mancomunidad, la posibilidad que se ofrece a los
municipios de agruparse en una nueva institución, sin que ello suponga su desaparición
como tales, es una posibilidad relativamente antigua. Sin embargo,
exceptuando los juristas, pocos investigadores de otras disciplinas se han interesado
por la cuestión. Es a partir de finales de los años noventa (1990), a partir de
las importantes reformas que se llevaron a cabo, cuando geógrafos, economistas
y sociólogos lo comenzaron a considerar como objeto de estudio. Pero han sido
sobre todo los politólogos quienes han aportado una nueva visión de la «mancomunidad
». Este artículo trata de mostrar, de manera sintética, las principales tendencias
de sus investigaciones en Francia; para concluir, finalmente, que aunque
relativamente activas, de momento se han quedado consignadas en su propia disciplina.

Frantzian, mankomunitatea (hau da, udalerriei, bakoitza desagertu
gabe, erakunde berria osatzen dutela biltzeko aukera ematea), aukera antzinako
samarra da. Halere, legelariak aparte utzita, bestelako diziplinatako ikerlari
gutxi jardun dira mankomunitateak aztertzen. Laurogeita hamarreko hamarkadaren
bukaeran hasi ziren, garai hartan egindako erreforma garrantzitsu haien ondoren,
hainbat arlotako ikastunak, geografo, ekonomista nahiz soziologo, mankomunitatea
ikertzeko kontzeptutzat hartzen. Baina politologoak izan dira, nagusiki,
«mankomunitatea» delakoaren ikuspegi berria zabaldu dutenak. Artikulu honek,
sintetikoki, Frantzian arlo honetan egindako ikerketek erakutsi dituzten joera nagusiak
azaldu nahi ditu, nahiz, azkenean, ikerketa horiek, aktibo samarrak izanagatik
ere, beren diziplina horretan geratu diren egonean, oraingoz behintzat.

In France, the commonwealth of municipalities, that is the
possibility for municipalities to gather in a new institution, without meaning
its extinction, is a relatively old option. Nevertheless, apart from jurists, few
researchers from other disciplines have been interested in the subject. It is from
the end of the nineties (1990), after the important amendments carried out when
geographers, economists and sociologists started to consider it as a subject of
study. But political scientists have specially been who have contributed with a
new vision of «commonwealth». This article tries to show, concisely, the main
tendencies of their researches in France; in order to conclude that although
they have been relatively active, so far they have been restricted to their own
discipline.
DESENCUENTRO EN LA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL DERECHO A LA DEFENSA ENTRE TRIBUNALES ESPAÑOLES Y TEDH (A PROPÓSITO DE LA STEDH DE 27 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2012)
Authors: OTAZUA ZABALA GOIZEDER
Published: August 2021

Durante los últimos cuatro años España ha sido objeto de desaprobación
por parte del TEDH por conculcar el derecho al proceso debido, en concreto,
por condenar en segunda instancia al inicialmente absuelto sin celebrar una
vista pública en la que poder defenderse de las acusaciones contra él propugnadas.
Mediante el análisis de la última de las condenas, junto a sus predecesoras,
precisaremos cuáles son las razones que el Tribunal de Estrasburgo esgrime en el
alegato al derecho de defensa, y de ese modo discernir qué elementos discordantes
existen entre los razonamientos del tribunal nacional y el europeo. Dicho examen
resulta relevante para sentar las bases de una futura reforma legislativa con
el fin de lograr un efectivo cumplimiento de las obligaciones contraídas en el ámbito
internacional.

Azken lau urteetan, Giza Eskubideen Europako Auzitegiak gaitzetsi
egin du Espainiaren jokabidea, behar bezalako prozesua izateko eskubidea
urratzeagatik; zehazkiago, hasieran absolbitutakoa bigarren instantzian kondenatzeagatik,
egotzitako akusazioez defendatzeko ikustaldi publikorik egin gabe. Azken
zigorretan sakonduz, Estrasburgoko Auzitegiak defentsa eskubidearen alde adierazitako
arrazoiak zehaztuko ditugu, Espainiako auzitegien eta Europakoaren arrazoibideen
arteko desberdintasunak azaltzeko. Azterketa hori egitea garrantzitsua da,
etorkizuneko lege erreformaren oinarriak ezartzeko eta nazioarteko esparruan hartutako
obligazioak modu eraginkorrean betetzeko.

For the last four years Spain has been denounced by the ECHR
for violating the right to due process, in particular, for sentencing in appeal the
initially acquitted without public hearing where he can defend himself from the
crimes advocated against him. By means of the analysis of the last ruling, together
with the previous ones, we shall specify the reasons that the Court of Strasbourg
argues in its reasoning concerning the right to defense and thus distinguish between
the discordant elements that are in the reasonings of the national and European
courts. That analysis is relevant in order to lay the foundations for a forthcoming
legislative reform with the intention of achieving an effective compliance
of the duties under international law.
LA CONSTITUCIÓN DE GRUPO PARLAMENTARIO EN EL CONGRESO DE LOS DIPUTADOS. ESPECIAL REFERENCIA AL CASO DE AMAIUR
Authors: GÓMEZ I PÉREZ ÉRIC
Published: August 2021

El trabajo lleva a cabo un estudio acerca de los requisitos formales
y materiales requeridos para la válida constitución de Grupo Parlamentario en
el Congreso de los Diputados. Se crítica la decisión de la Mesa de la Cámara de
denegar la constitución del ¿Grupo Parlamentario Amaiur¿ por entender que los
Diputados de dicha coalición reunían todos los requisitos requeridos para su válida
constitución en Grupo Parlamentario propio. Así mismo, entendemos que la
denegación puede suponer una vulneración del derecho a la participación política,
pues los Grupos Parlamentarios ejercen una función central para poder desarrollar
la función representativa con total plenitud.

Azterlan honek Diputatuen Kongresuan talde parlamentario bat
eratu ahal izateko bete beharreko irizpide formalak eta materialak ditu ardatz. Kritikatu
egiten du Ganberako Mahaiak Amaiur Talde Parlamentarioa eratzeari ezezkoa
eman izana, koalizioko diputatuek talde parlamentarioa eratzeko eskakizun guztiak
betetzen baitzituzten. Gainera, eraketa hori ezestean, agian urratu egin dute partehartze
politikorako eskubidea; izan ere, talde parlamentarioak oinarrizkoak dira ordezkatze-
funtzioa bere osotasunean bete ahal izateko.

This work is a study about the formal and substantive requirements
for the valid formation of parliamentary groups within the Congress of Deputies.
It is criticized the decision of denying the formation of the ¿Parliamentary
Group Amaiur¿ adopted by the Chamber Commission as it is understood that the
deputies of that coalition have all the required requisites for its valid formation as
a Parliamentary group itself. Likewise, we understand that the refusal can mean a
breach of the right to participate in politics because parliamentary groups exercise
a core function so as to be able to develop their representative function.
Strategic Sensitivity and Corporate Responsiveness of Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Adim Victor , Maclayton Isoboye
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between strategic sensitivity and corporate responsiveness of fast moving consumer goods companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. 

Methodology: The study adopted a cross sectional survey research design. The population of this study was nine (9) fast moving consumer goods companies in Rivers State.  Since the unit of analysis was at organizational level, only strategic managers were included. Five managers each were used for each company giving a total of 45 respondents. Census was adopted because the population was small. Primary data was collected using a 5-point Likert scaled questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. After data cleaning, only data for 38 respondents were used for data analysis.

Findings: The findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between strategic sensitivity and corporate responsiveness of fast moving consumer goods companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, strategic foresight and strategic insight were significantly and positively correlated with corporate responsiveness of fast moving consumer goods companies in Rivers State, Nigeria.

Recommendation: The study recommends that fast moving consumer goods companies should build its capabilities of strategic foresight in examining the dynamic business environment and should constantly and proactively scan for opportunities and threats, in addition to strategies for lowering or reducing cost of production compare to other competitors.
SOLOS COLAPSÍVEIS - RISCOS E SOLUÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS
Authors: Trevisoli Eliane Patricia Leal , Marco Gerson de , Florian Fabiana
Published: August 2021

Alguns solos podem apresentar variação de volume quando da mudança de umidade, podendo resultar em danos como trincas, fissuras e rupturas nas estruturas da edificação. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar os principais riscos em construir fundações em solos colapsíveis e relacionar possíveis soluções tecnológicas. A metodologia do estudo é de revisão bibliográfica, com análise de documentos recuperados em fevereiro de 2021, nas bases de dados Scielo, Scopus e Google acadêmico, e tem como natureza a pesquisa qualitativa. Os resultados comprovam sobre a necessidade de análise do solo antes do início da construção, como forma de buscar soluções que minimizem os danos futuros. Quanto as técnicas para essa correção, a literatura tem apresentado o uso de estacas; o uso de mistura de pó de ferro; a compactação utilizando sonda vibratória, levando a compressão do solo; uso de misturas de polietilenoglicol (PEG) / nanolima; uso de misturas de nanomateriais (nano-sílica, nano-argila e nano-carbonato de cálcio) ; adição de escória granulada e pozolana natural; execução de colunas de solo laterítico compactado, inseridas na camada colapsível; uso de soluções aquosas aglomerantes; e sugestão de medidas estruturais para evitar a ocorrência ou reduzir a magnitude dos processos geológicos, e não estruturais  de caráter extensivo, contemplando grandes áreas. Concluímos que a literatura tem apresentado soluções que viabilizam a utilização deste tipo de solo, podendo com a pré análise do solo, garantir a minimização de riscos estruturais às edificações.
Внедрение современных технологий в процесс обучения режиссёров-хореографов в вузах Казахстана
Authors: Николаева Людмила , Кусанова Анипа
Published: August 2021

В условиях всё более возрастающей конкуренции среди творческих вузов Казахстана за право обучать студентов по специальности «режиссура хореографии» немаловажное значение приобретает внедрение в процесс изучения комплекса хореографических дисциплин современных технологий обучения. Это позволит достичь весомых результатов в деле воспитания не только грамотного специалиста в области танцевального искусства, но и высокопрофессионального режиссёра-хореографа. Основой методологии послужили труды по общей режиссуре, режиссуре хореографии, исследования в области современных инновационных технологий, научные разработки видных казахстанских учёных, работы учебно-методического направления педагогов КазНАИ им. Т. К. Жургенова. Были выявлены и структурированы основные современные технологии, наиболее успешно применяемые в процессе обучения и воспитания будущих режиссёров-хореографов, раскрыто их содержание и обозначены основные признаки. На этой основе разработана итоговая таблица, позволяющая наглядно проследить последовательность применения тех или иных технологий, а также те признаки, которые характеризуют тот или иной вид инноваций. Дискуссионный блок представлен сравнительным анализом о положении дел в западных инновационных системах изучения хореографии и отечественными подходами к внедрению тех или иных педагогических технологий. Также проанализированы общие результаты исследования. В заключении даются общие выводы о проведённом исследовании, указана его практическая значимость. Предложены основные пути решения насущных вопросов по наилучшему использованию современных педагогических и инновационных технологий в деле обучения и воспитания будущих режиссёров-хореографов. Также намечены дальнейшие перспективы по изучению данной проблематики.
Балетный спектакль Дамира Уразымбетова «Странствия Коркыта» в контексте диалога культур
Authors: Жуйкова Людмила
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению многомерного образа Коркыта – первошамана и создателя древнего смычкового инструмента кобыза – впервые ставшего объектом хореографического воплощения в балете Дамира Уразымбетова «Странствия Коркыта». Актуальность исследования состоит в представлении образа Коркыта как знаковой величины традиционной казахской культуры в художественном синтезе прошлого с настоящим. Объединив целительную силу звучания изобретенного им кобыза с мистериально-сакральными действами камланий баксы, Коркыт возвел искусство в ранг духовных ценностей своих соплеменников-тенгрианцев. А в тенгрианском мировидении духовные ценности первостепенны – они выражают главные смыслообразы макро- и микрокосмоса кочевников. Шаман-целитель – посредник между мирами. В народных легендах Коркыт ищет бессмертия, странствуя по четырем частям света. В либретто Д. Уразымбетова герой странствует во времени и пространстве – из Средневековья в XXI в., осуществляя диалог разновременных культур. Автор статьи находит правомерным оценивать спектакль с позиции теории диалогичности М. Бахтина, разработанной в концепции диалога «данного» и «созданного» Н. Коляденко и С. Лысенко. Автор применяет в исследовании следующие методы: историко-хронологический, источниковедческий, аналитический, компаративистский, интервьюирования. «Погружение» Коркыта в иной исторический и культурный контекст дает диалог прошлого с настоящим, позволяя выявить незыблемые этические и эстетические ценности, неподвластные сменам эпох. В таком совмещении архаики и современности категория Времени предстает ключевой и автор статьи рассматривает ее с точки зрения цикличности времяизмерения в тенгрианстве, с позиции космогонического понимания неделимости прошлого и настоящего у кочевников, а также с точки зрения дифференциации понятий физического и художественного времени в искусстве. Выявляются философские смыслообразы традиционной казахской культуры, влияющие на художественную культуру Казахстана XXI в. Эти смыслы раскрываются через взаимодействие синестезийных кодов обеих культур. Итогом исследования является мысль о связи времен, ибо Коркыт – репрезентант сущностных ценностей прошлого, не утративших доныне своей востребованности.
Ключевые слова: Коркыт, Коркут, шаман, шаманизм, кобызовая музыка, переосмысление легенды, диалог культур, категория времени, смыслообразы спектакля, национальный балет, казахский балет.
Текст как выразительное средство в современном кинематографе
Authors: Божеева Айбарша , Мухтаров Алишер , Куканов Ильяс
Published: August 2021

Текст кинематографического произведения рассматривается как многофункциональное выразительное средство киноязыка. Наибольший интерес представляют два современных направления: интимистский закадровый текст от лица киноперсонажа и печатный текст в стиле «скринлайф» («screenlife» – «экранная жизнь»). Исследование этих направлений выявляет основные тенденции в авторском и коммерческом кино и обозначает пути и перспективы развития кинотекста.
Искусство кино подарило человечеству новый тип культуры – экранную культуру, текстом которой является не письменность, а экранное письмо, вбирающее в себя визуальные изображения, анимацию, письменные тексты, речь, музыку и т. д. В контексте эволюции онлайн-технологий и новых форм общения в статье проводится сравнительный анализ различных форм текста и его эволюция в кинопроизведениях на примере творчества режиссеров Терренса Малика и Тимура Бекмамбетова с использованием дескриптивного и герменевтического методов исследования.
Два современных направления в использовании текста в кинематографе выявляют разные подходы в создании массового кино, с одной стороны, и элитарного кинематографа, с другой стороны. Интимистский закадровый текст от лица персонажей в авторских кинолентах Т. Малика и печатный текст в стиле «screenlife» – «экранная жизнь» в новой форме киноповествования Т. Бекмамбетова анализируются с точки зрения смысловых, символических и эстетических особенностей языка современного кинематографа.
Основной проблемой современного кинематографа является противостояние массового кинематографа, рассчитанного на развлечение массового зрителя, основанное на чувственном восприятии, с одной стороны, и элитарного / фестивального кино, рассчитанного на шестой вид сознания – ментальный, основной задачей которого является развитие киноязыка, с другой стороны.
Если «скринлайф» Тимура Бекмамбетова несет эмоционально-информационную роль в определенной форме киноповествования, то Терренс Малик использует текст как художественный прием, создающий глубинные смысловые, символические и эстетические особенности в создании кинообраза.
Humanity and flow in Central-Asian digital art-history: the Astral Nomads model
Authors: Sorokina Yuliya
Published: August 2021

Currently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, cultural actors are faced with the urgent problem of preserving humanitarian values using digital tools. The countries of Central Asia are laggingbehind the global process, which has introduced an imbalance in the digital presentation of world artistic heritage. The aim of this study and project is to organize an online art history of post-Soviet Asia in the complex context of human destinies, stories and facts, through the creation of an interactive book and website.
During the research process, the author followed the cross-methodologies of critical analysis and digital archiving. That is, analytical constructs were founded and documented by archival materials and scientific sources through a hypertext system. In turn, the hypertext system has something in common with the philosophical concept of the "rhizome" – one of the key concepts of the philosophy of post-structuralism and post-modernism, introduced by J. Deleuze and F. Guattari.
In the course of this research, materials of contemporary art from Central Asia were collected from the studios of artists, and an archiving system was developed in accordance with international standards. In 2013, the online resource astralnomads.net was developed and launched, which took its name from the unfinished novel by the artist Sergei Maslov Astral Nomads. The novel described the adventures of Kazakhstani artists on a spaceship in the future. The study asks questions about the timeliness and necessity of digital archiving of art collections. These processes are not just technical innovations here, but an indicator of the compliance of the country's cultural policy with the new humanitarian challenges of the era.
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that, despite lagging behind global trends in archiving, the processes of digitalization of archives and art collections are gradually building up in the region. The study proposes a model of the Astral Nomads resource as a pilot project for the preservation of the heritage of art of the 20th-21st centuries.
История деколониальной чувствительности в дискурсе балетмейстерского искусства Казахстана
Authors: Шомаева Дилара , Жумасеитова Гульнара
Published: August 2021

Вопрос постколониального влияния на танцевальную культуру и сценическое искусство казахского народа поднимается в дискурсном анализе творчества современных хореографов. Исторические изменения политической и социальной жизни Казахстана постсоветского периода обратили взгляд отечественных авторов в сторону деколониальной эстетики, выражающейся в самоанализе прошлого и рефлексии на проблематику сегодняшней реальности. Актуальность такого культурного транзита не противопоставляется философии традиционализма, однако критика ее подразумевает не простой возврат в прошлое и его повторение, но поиск и развитие в будущем, основанные на связи с этнокультурной памятью и преемственностью.
В качестве методологической основы статьи используются исторический, хронологический, сравнительный методы исследования, а также основанный на междисциплинарных гуманитарных концепциях семиотический метод. Методология исследования базируется на работах отечественных авторов об истории и развитии казахского национального танца, профессионального сценического хореографического искусства и искусства Казахстана вообще.
Первые пробы переосмысления национального самоопределения в искусстве зазвучали на фоне использования зафиксированных образов и мотивов, но в осмыслении через глобальные политические процессы, а также региональные, свойственные для постсоветских постколониальных государств. Привычка говорить о национальном языком чуждой классической танцевальной лексики сменилась увлечением авторов балетных постановок авангардными тенденциями мировой хореографии и их попыткой примирить новые эстетические принципы с существующими. Дальнейшие поиски казахстанских постановщиков в период независимости страны привели к рождению термина «неоказахская хореография», впервые озвученного исследователем и хореографом Анварой Садыковой.
Перспективное направление для балетмейстеров в постколониальном художественном поиске национальной идентичности видится в отказе от подражания и повторения уже существующего и в исканиях новых образов и их смысловой наполненности.
Узбекистанский авангард: опыт типологической интерпретации
Authors: Ахмедова Нигора
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию специфики живописи узбекистанского авангарда с учетом роли историко-культурного контекста начала ХХ века. Определено влияние таких факторов, как идеологический фон, роль приезжих художников в формировании национального искусства, отсутствие традиций европейской живописи в регионе. Живопись Узбекистана 1920–1930-х годов, являясь результатом исторических, политических и культурных трансформаций, развивалась во взаимодействии локальных и инокультурных традиций. Несколько стилистических векторов и тенденций этого процесса, роль историко-культурного наследия Узбекистана придавали образам эпохи и стилевым формам самобытные черты. Научная новизна исследования заключается в актуализации вопроса о типологической специфике узбекистанского феномена в сравнении с русским авангардом и европейским модернизмом. В исследовании поставлены вопросы обновления методологических аспектов изучения советской модернизации, ее результатов в искусстве. Обращено внимание на сложный гибридный характер этих процессов и попытки исследователей адаптировать постколониальную эпистемологию к процессам центральноазиатского региона ХХ века. Рассмотрены вопросы применения терминов «авангард», «модернизм» в отношении локальных феноменов; показана актуальность терминологического уточнения, ограничения их применения и коррекции в отношении живописи Узбекистана.
В заключении статьи обосновано, что изучение искусства Узбекистана 1920–1930-х годов необходимо проводить на основе деконструкции доминирующих дискурсов в отношении историко-политического контекста эпохи, формировать новые взгляды на смену культурных парадигм в регионе.
Occupational Therapy Management of a Moderate COVID-19 Disease Process in a Skilled Nursing Facility: A Case Report
Authors: Smiley Jaime L. , Reynolds Stacey
Published: August 2021

Older adults living in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and long-term care facilities are particularly susceptible to the coronavirus disease 2019 virus and face unique challenges during their rehabilitation process. This case report highlights the disease and rehabilitation course of an older adult who received all of his medical and rehabilitative treatment while residing in a SNF. The occupational therapy evaluation and intervention processes, as well as the client’s response to intervention, are described. The client’s positive outcomes are linked directly to occupational therapy’s ability to incorporate medical, physical, and psychosocial aspects into part of the interdisciplinary model of care in a SNF.
Responsabilidade e Imunidade das Organizações Internacionais: Prática e Desafios
Authors: Fox Drummond Cançado Trindade Vinícius
Published: August 2021

As organizações internacionais têm sido decisivas para o desenvolvimento do Direito Internacional e para sua observância. Uma tendência recente, no entanto, tem sido a de questionar se as próprias organizações internacionais têm respeitado esse conjunto de normas. Assim como os Estados, as organizações internacionais estão aptas a exercer direitos e a contrair obrigações. Tornar as organizações internacionais mais responsáveis, sujeitas a sanções sempre que cometerem atos internacionalmente ilícitos, é desdobramento necessário do desenvolvimento do primado do direito (rule of law) no sistema internacional. Todavia, a limitada prática internacional revela a existência, atualmente, de situação de impunidade das organizações internacionais e de denegação do acesso à justiça. Por que as organizações internacionais, como sujeitos que detêm personalidade jurídica própria, não têm respondido elas mesmas por seus atos? Os Artigos sobre Responsabilidade das Organizações Internacionais, elaborados pela Comissão de Direito Internacional das Nações Unidas, oferecem base normativa suficiente para a responsabilização desses sujeitos. Se a prática de responsabilização das organizações internacionais tem sido limitada, o problema não decorre da falta de normas, mas de óbices de natureza institucional. O principal óbice ao desenvolvimento de prática consistente de responsabilização das organizações internacionais tem sido a ausência de mecanismos de controle de legalidade internos e externos. Outro importante óbice consiste na aplicação da imunidade jurisdicional absoluta das organizações internacionais em contexto de ausência de meios alternativos de solução de controvérsias. A superação desses desafios pode ser alcançada de distintas maneiras exploradas por este artigo.
Imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados: o caminho para relativização
Authors: Silveira Vinícius Assis da , Santana Luiz Felipe Costa , Moschen Valesca Raizer Borges
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho é fixar as premissas teóricas, legislativas e jurisprudenciais que envolvem o debate sobre a relativização da imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados, partindo da pesquisa de d’Argent e Lesaffre. A imunidade de jurisdição tem fundamento no princípio da soberania, segundo o qual entes de igual hierarquia ficam impedidos de julgarem uns aos outros. Se, por um lado, justifica-se o instituto para a proteção de direitos dos Estados soberanos (dentre eles a igualdade e a independência nacional), por outro, a concessão da imunidade de jurisdição pode ferir direitos fundamentais do indivíduo. Conduziu-se o estudo com base em levantamentos teóricos, legislação e jurisprudência, tanto nacionais quanto internacionais. Parte-se de algumas questões: é possível relativizar as hipóteses de cabimento da imunidade de jurisdição, quando há afronta a direito internacional imperativo? Como o tema vem sendo tratado na doutrina e na jurisprudência internacionais? As respostas caminham no sentido de que, sim, a afronta ao jus cogens enseja o levantamento da imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados. Embora a pesquisa tenha seguido nesse sentido, existe, ainda, forte resistência da jurisprudência em admitir essa tese. Ao final, apresentam-se os desafios que surgem com eventual abertura para a flexibilização, dentre eles, os limites necessários.
Challenging the International Law of Immunities: New Trends on Established Principles? An introduction to the special issue
Authors: Lima Lucas Carlos , Marotti Loris , Palchetti Paolo
Published: August 2021

Não se aplica.
WEB 2.0 AS AN INSTRUCTIONAL TOOL IN TEACHING LARGE CLASSES AT FUNAAB, NIGERIA
Authors: AKINTONA EMMANUEL , ODOZOR UCHE , FAPOJUWO OLUWAKEMI , AKEREDOLU-ALE BOLANLE
Published: August 2021

Digital technology has become an indispensable communication tool for students and educators in the past two decades. Currently, academic institutions view digital technologies as essential instructional content delivery media for both pedagogical and research purposes. This study assesses the extent of improvement of students’ learning through the use of Web 2.0 as an instructional tool in large classes using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It juxtaposes this with the overall performance of students after the use of traditional lecture delivery method on some selected courses at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria. These experiments were carried out at the end of the 2014/2015 academic session. Within this period, out of the selected courses, two courses (GNS 103 and GNS 204) were taught without the use of ICT technology while the others (HSM 207 and AAD 507) were taught using Web 2.0. The study revealed that there was a significant difference in the evaluation of the academic performance of the students taught with Web 2.0 technology, compared with those taught without it: 95.4% of the students taught with Web 2.0 technology in class were able to make evaluative comments and contributions to t
EFFECT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION OF YOUTHS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN OGBOMOSO SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE. NIGERIA
Authors: OKETAYO A. O. , OLALEYE Y. L.
Published: August 2021

The study examined the effect of rural-urban migration of youth on rural development in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area of Oyo State. Rural-urban migration is a phenomenon that most developing nations of the world are experiencing due to the gross neglect of the rural areas. In Nigeria, the issue of rural-urban migration is quite alarming owing to the discriminatory centralization of facilities in the urban areas as well as widening income gap between the urban and rural areas. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design while purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 300 from Ogbomoso south LGAs.  The data collected was tested by using Pearson product moment correlation and ANOVA. The study established that self-help project had significant relationship with youth out-migration (r = .351*, N= 300, P < .05), community economy  also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .277*, N= 300, P < .05), care for elderly had negative significant relationship with out-migration(r = -.182*, N= 300, P < .05) and cultural practices also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .198*, N= 300, P < .05). The study recommended  that; government should decentralize its developmental projects and programmes in order to accommodate the rural areas. Government should make agriculture attractive for rural dwellers so that they could see it as a profitable occupation and there should be economic incentives to promote adaptation of indigenous skills and technologies in the rural areas.
STYLISTIC FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ADIRE IN NIGERIAN TEXTILE PRACTICE
Authors: BRAIDE O. O.
Published: August 2021

With the whole lot of  innovation the adire textile is going through, the indigenous craft still maintained and retained its cultural values among its various users most especially the Yoruba people. The paper therefore examines the styles and forms of contemporary adire in Nigeria, its distribution and entrepreneurship. Of further interest is the wide gamut of other product which Kampala technique images have been adapted. From clothing to postcard and house hold decoration items. Examination of contemporary adire and its mellowed design, ease of production and recent acceptance as wearable fashion material and other uses, indicate the diverse direction that traditional art forms may take as it enters the international market, The paper deduced that the different innovations that have taken place in the traditional textile craft is as a result of the formal education been acquired by the very few 7.4% of new generation producers of adire and this innovations has in one way or the other improve the patronage of adire and the calibre of its users. It has also transformed adire into ceremonial attire, other than the usual knockabout. It highlights the differences in the patterning methods of the cloth and also the preference choice of users. The study discovered that adire can play a dual role of a commodity and a gift because of its new variety of uses among the customers, from dress to house hold materials and souvenir.
IMPACT OF TEAM WORK ON TERTIARY INSTITUTION PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF SELECTED COLLEGES IN FUNAAB
Authors: OYEDELE O. O. , MALIK K. A.
Published: August 2021

Successful teamwork is being recognized as a necessity for many aspects of effective administrative assignments and team-leadership has proved effective in improving team performance. Using two management-related colleges of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) as organization of study, ninety respondents were sampled through the use of questionnaire. It was concluded after analysis that the practice of team-working is and should be embraced by corporate organizations, especially tertiary institution i.e. the more collectively engaged staff members are, the better the outcomes for the organization generally. Likewise it was also concluded that working in well-structured teams with an effective team-leader is a predictors of both individual and collective performance. The recommendation among others was that other institutions (private/ public) in the education sector should emulate the FUNAAB team-working initiative in order to continually and effectively meet their corporate obligations.

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TRADE AND FINANCIAL OPENNESS, AND OUTPUT GROWTH VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Authors: AIGHEYISI O. S. , ISIKHUEMEN A. H.
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the effect of trade openness and financial openness on output growth volatility in Nigeria using annual time series data that span the period from 1970 to 2015. Output growth volatility is generated using an EGARCH (1,1) process, and this was regressed on indices or measures of trade openness, financial openness (using the Chinn-Ito index), oil price, financial development and exchange rate. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration and error correction modeling was employed for the analysis. The empirical evidence indicates that trade openness and financial openness exacerbate output growth volatility in Nigeria in the long run. Favourable crude oil price is found to play significant role in stabilizing output growth in the long run. However, the short run effect of trade openness on growth volatility is negative, implying that in the short run trade openness plays some role in reducing output growth volatility. The short run effect of financial openness on output growth volatility is also negative, but not statistically significant. Further evidence from the study is that financial development and currency depreciation also reduce growth volatility in the short run. Based on the empirical evidence, the paper recommends, as measures to reduce output growth volatility (or stabilize output growth) in Nigeria, cautious liberalization of the nation’s economy, efforts by the government to develop the nation’s financial system to expand its credit extension/provision capacity, and prevention (by the monetary authority) using appropriate policy actions, of undue appreciation of the domestic currency (the naira).
POLITICAL PARTIES AND CANDIDATES IMPOSITION IN NIGERIA: A MENACE TO DEMOCRACY AND NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: OGBE HENRY EJOTUBU
Published: August 2021

Democracy operates principle of majority which requires equal political opportunities and liberties to aspirants to contest under political parties in recent times. Therefore political party has made formation of (representative) democracy easier and possible via the instrumentality of elections. Nigerian democracy is threatened by candidates imposition by some powerful party leaders due to lack of political parties internal democracy . The study adopted liberal theory of representation as its theoretical framework. With the aid of observational and secondary methods of inquiry, the study revealed that the practice of candidate imposition within political parties and sometimes in general elections by some powerful political parties leaders is affront to democracy as it disintegrates political parties, breaches human right of  political parties members among others. The study also revealed that candidates imposition due to lack of political parties internal democracy  practice threaten Nigeria democracy as it produces incompetent leaders who could not articulate the yearnings and aspirations of Nigerians into achievable policies and programmes. Consequently, Nigerians are frustrated to the level that they are ignited easily and lure into violence which jeopardize national security. Creation of commission to regulates and monitors political parties primary elections and other activities, providing equal political opportunities to political parties members among others are recommended to strengthen political parties internal democracy in Nigeria.
DOES QUALITY OF BANK SERVICES LEAD TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN THE NIGERIAN BANKING SECTOR?
Authors: ADEYEYE O. P. , FAPETU O. , ADEFOLU I. T.
Published: August 2021

This study examined a critical question from customers’ perspective: Does quality of bank services lead to customer satisfaction in the Nigerian banking sector? The study is conducted using questionnaire survey administered in Nigeria using customers of some selected banks as sample. The paper uses primary data collected through scientifically developed questionnaires, which were administered on 174 bank customers selected on a convenient basis. The results, based on factor and regression analysis, identified four factors that impact customers’ assessment of the quality of banking services including responsiveness, reliability, tangibility and empathy respectively. The implication of the finding is to enhance the understanding of bank managers and other relevant stakeholders of customers’ perception of the quality of banking services and consequently reveal the path to developing strategies for improving their satisfaction. The study therefore, recommends that the Nigerian banks should make products and services available that best suits the peculiarity of each category of customers and improve the confidence Nigerians have in the banking sector.
ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AS A DETERMINANT OF WORKERS’ JOB COMMITMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: FEJOH J. , ONANUGA P. A. , IBRAHIM O. A.
Published: August 2021

This study examined organisational culture as a determinant of workers’ job commitment in public secondary schools in Ogun State. The  study adopted an ex-post facto design approach. The population consists of all workers (teaching and non-teaching staff) in secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted where five (5) public secondary schools (comprising of both junior and senior) were randomly selected from each of the local government area s from twenty (20) local government areas in Ogun State, making a total of ten (10) secondary schools were selected for the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting ten (10) workers (teaching and non-teaching) from each junior and secondary  schools respectively, making a total number of twenty (20) workers from each of the selected ten (10) secondary schools. A total number of 200 workers was selected  for the  study. The  instrument  used for this study is a questionnaire which is sub-divided into three sections. Section A was used to collect information on personal characteristics of the respondents while Section B contained Workers Organisational Commitment Scale which was designed to measure workers’ job commitment. Section C contained Organisational Climate Index (OCI) and was used to measure organisational culture.  Data was analyzed using regression and T-test analysis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that organisational culture has significant relationship with public secondary school workers’ job commitment and that there was no significant difference in public secondary school workers’ job commitment between senior and junior school employees. It is concluded that organisational culture determines job commitment of public secondary school employees in Ogun State. Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended  that motivation strategies should adopted to improve teachers’ salaries and promotions. Teachers should positively change their attitude s to work and view their job as more of a  call than a profession.
DOES HEALTH AID REDUCE HIV/AIDS PREVALENCE IN NIGERIA?
Authors: AKINBODE S. O. , BOLARINWA T. M. , DIPEOLU A. O.
Published: August 2021

There has been influx of official development assistance (foreign aid) into the health sector in Nigeria but little or nothing is known about the impact of such funds on specific health outcomes in Nigeria. Given the economic implication of HIV/AIDS, this study therefore assessed the effect of health aid on the prevalence of the HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. Relevant data spanning 1990 to 2017were sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) database and analyzed within the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. Model estimation results revealed that health aid had no significant effect on HIV prevalence in the country. Effective utilization of health aid was advocated in order to reduce the HIV prevalence rate thereby reducing the accompanying burden on the people and the economy.
GEOELECTRIC PARAMETERS AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS OF THE TOP SOIL OF CAMP AREA, ABEOKUTA, SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: MAKINDE V. , OKEYODE I. C , COKER J. O. , AKINBORO F. G. , AINA J. O. , ISHOLA S. A.
Published: August 2021

Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and elemental composition surveys were carried out at twenty-two (22) sites atª¤? Camp Area, Alabata Road, Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria. This was with a view to determining depth to water«¤??bearing zones and extent of soil contamination thereby saving residents not just the pain of recurrent losses incurred for investing in dry wells, but also not to invest in contaminated waters. The study area is underlain by associated rock suites which includes pegmatite and quartz veins. Field data obtained was modeled and interpreted to obtain the geophysical parameters of the area and delineate the groundwater potential zones. Soil samples were also collected at the 22 VES points, at depths of 10 cm and 100 cm; the Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) equipment was used to obtain the geographical position of each sample point. Determination of the elemental composition of soil samples collected at the 10 cm and 100 cm depths was made using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Two heavy metals (Pb, and Cr), five major elements (K, Ca, N, P and Mg) and five trace elements (Zn, Mn, Cu, Al and Fe) were detected. It was observed that the values, representing the amount of the heavy metals, the major elements, and the trace elements were far less, mostly insignificant, at the 100 cm depth representing about the interface between the first and second layers in majority of the VES stations sampled, than at the 10 cm depth, representing the topsoil of the first layer. The implication of this is that the elements are not strictly domiciled within the area studied but may be due to runoffs as the area slopes down. Moreover, going by the values at the 100 cm depth, the elements may not be capable of percolating into the underground water zones in the area of study, and thus might not have contaminated the underground water. Thus, at the current level, the underground water can be adjudged safe for human consumption.ª¤?
THE COMPARATIVE ROLE OF ASCORBATE AND CHELATORS IN REVERSING OXIDATIVE STRESS, HEPATIC AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN SUB-ACUTE LEAD POISONING
Authors: ONUNKWOR B. O. , UGBAJA R. N. , OMONIYI D. A. , DOSUMU A. O.
Published: August 2021

Lead has been implicated in the induction of reactive species production, leading to organ dysfunctions. The ameliorative roles of ascorbate and chelators in acute lead poisoning were comparatively studied in thirty-five male Wistar rats (150-200g), segregated into 5 groups (n=7/Group): group 1(administered normal saline),ª¤? groups 2-5 were orally exposed to 75mg/kg body weight lead acetate (PbAc) daily for 14 days. Pre-therapy blood samples were collected to ascertain blood lead level (BLL) and catalase activity 24hours after the last PbAc exposure. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were then treated with 30mg/kg body weight D-penicillamine; 30mg/kg body weight succimer; and 500mg/kg body weight ascorbate respectively for 10 days, followed by the assay for indices of oxidative stress, hepatic and renal dysfunctions.ª¤? Results obtained showed significantly elevated BLL in the four groups exposed to PbAc. which were significantly reversed about 2 folds in groups 3-5 after therapeutic interventions. Pre-therapy blood catalase activity of the PbAc treated groups was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 39% when compared with the control group, however ascorbate significantly (p<0.05) increased catalase activity by 2 folds above the control; decreased plasma activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine among the groups administered therapeutics. These findings indicate that ascorbate is more effectiveª¤?
INHIBITION OF Fusarium oxysporum Pathogenic Fungus USING COMPOST EXTRACT FROM Chromolaena odorata (SIAM WEED) AND COW DUNG
Authors: AKINTOKUN A K , AKINTOKUN P O , OLOYEDE A R
Published: August 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of composts extract from cow dung and Chromolae-na odorata in controlling Fusarium oxysporum. Three compost samples were prepared in this study from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and cow dung. Sample A was prepared from Cow dung and siam weed at ratio 100g: 100g, Sample B was prepared from 200g chopped siam weed and sample C contained 200g cow dung. These three samples were composted in plastic drums perforated for aera-tion and each sample were replicated three times. The content in the drums were regularly turned and monitored for 1, 10, 30 and 60 days. The microbiological analysis of the composts were determined using standard procedures. The inhibitory activities of the sterilised compost extracts on the F. ox-ysporum were determined using agar well diffusion method. The bacterial, coliform and fungal loads ranged from 1.50 â€“ 9.0 Ã— 107 cfu/ml, 0.3 â€“ 6.0Ã— 107 cfu/ml and 0.1 â€“ 2.50 Ã— 107 cfu/ml respectively. Inhibitory activities of the compost extracts on F. oxysporum at different days of composting increased with days of composting. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded by extract from compost pre-pared from C. odorata at 60 days of composting, closely followed by extract from compost prepared from mixture of cow dung and C. odorata at 60 days of composting. No antifungal activity was found in all extracts from the 24h-composts. Highest disease severity was recorded in extract of 24 h and on control. All extract at 60 days of fermentation were healthy The study therefore revealed the potentials of extracts from Chromolaena odorata and cow dung for the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum of many crops.