bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise in Pediatric COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: ASTLEY CAMILLA , DREZNER JONATHAN A. , SIECZKOWSKA SOFIA MENDES , IHARA AMANDA , FRANCO TATHIANE , GIL SAULO , DO PRADO DANILO MARCELO LEITE , LONGOBARDI IGOR , SUGUITA PRISCILA , FINK THAIS , LINDOSO LIVIA , MATSUO OLIVIA , MARTINS FERNANDA , BAIN VERA , LEAL GABRIELA NUNES , BADUE MARIA FERNANDA , MARQUES HELOISA HELENA , SILVA CLOVIS ARTUR , ROSCHEL HAMILTON , GUALANO BRUNO
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study assessed the impact of a 12-wk, home-based exercise training (HBET) program on health-related quality of life (HRQOL; primary outcome), and cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Methods

This was a single-center, randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, from October 2020 to January 2022. Thirty-two patients (mean age, 12 ± 3.3 yr) were randomly assigned to either HBET or standard of care (CONTROL) in a 2:1 ratio 4 months (range: 0.7–6.6 months) after COVID-19 discharge (n = 25 mild, n = 4 moderate, n = 3 severe illness). The HBET group underwent supervised and unsupervised sessions three times a week for 12 wk emphasizing aerobic and body weight exercises, while the CONTROL group received standard care, which included general advice for a healthy lifestyle with no prescribed exercise intervention. HRQOL (evaluated by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory), cardiopulmonary exercise test, brachial endothelial function and echocardiography assessments were conducted in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using an intention-to-treat approach for the primary analysis and complete case (per-protocol) as sensitivity analysis.The significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.10 was considered as trend.

Results

There was no difference in HRQOL between groups. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated a trend toward increased oxygen uptake (V̇O2) at anaerobic threshold following the intervention in the HBET group. In addition, a sensitivity analysis showed significant changes in peak heart rate and 1-min recovery, respiratory exchange ratio, and chronotropic response. A trend toward significance was observed in ventilation-to-maximum voluntary ventilation ratio and chronotropic response in the HBET group. No other between-group differences were detected for the cardiopulmonary exercise test, brachial flow-mediated dilation, and echocardiography variables (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

In this randomized controlled trial, a 12-wk HBET intervention did not impact HRQOL in pediatric COVID-19 patients. However, exercise was able to improve the V̇O2 at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold, heart rate peak and 1-min recovery, ventilation-to-maximum voluntary ventilation ratio, and chronotropic response, with no changes observed in other cardiovascular parameters. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of exercise interventions on the recovery of pediatric COVID-19 patients with and without preexisting chronic conditions.
Progesterone and Estradiol Levels Associated with Concussion and Clinical Outcomes and Recovery in Female Athletes and Cadets
Authors: GOECKNER BRYNA D. , HUBER DANIEL L. , VAN BORTEL KEARNIN , GILL JESSICA M. , MANNIX REBEKAH , MASTER CHRISTINA L. , BRETT BENJAMIN L. , PASQUINA PAUL F. , BROGLIO STEVEN P. , MCALLISTER THOMAS W. , HAREZLAK JAROSLAW , MCCREA MICHAEL A. , MEIER TIMOTHY B.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Female athletes are underrepresented in concussion research, and few studies have investigated associations of ovarian hormones with concussion outcomes. This study explored associations of concussion with levels and variability of progesterone, estradiol, and their ratio (P/E) and examined relationships of hormone levels with clinical measures and recovery after concussion in CARE Consortium female athletes and cadets.

Methods

Female participants enrolled (n = 749) at pre-injury baseline. Participants with concussion (mean age, 19.34 yr; n = 130, 90 athletes, 40 nonathlete cadets) completed one or more visits at nonstandardized times of day: immediately post-injury, 24 h post-injury, upon initiating the return-to-play protocol (Init RTP), and 7 d following unrestricted return-to-play (PRTP). Controls (mean age, 19.85 yr; n = 67, 61 athletes, 6 nonathlete cadets) completed similar visits. Linear mixed models and general linear models tested associations of hormone levels and/or variation with concussion status, symptoms, and recovery, controlling for self-reported birth control use at pre-injury baseline.

Results

Female participants with concussion had higher progesterone levels relative to controls on average across all visits (mean difference (MD; ln ng·mL−1) (standard error) = 0.26 (0.08), t(193) = 3.03, P = 0.003). Those with concussion had elevated estradiol at 24 h (MD = 0.27 (0.09), t(506) = 3.04, P = 0.02), Init RTP (MD = 0.38 (0.09), t(508) = 4.29, P < 0.001), and PRTP (MD = 0.30 (0.09), t(515) = 3.25, P = 0.01) relative to pre-injury baseline and compared with controls at Init RTP (MD = 0.35 (0.12), t(429) = 2.78, P = 0.006). Concussed participants had a lower range of estradiol over 7–28 d than controls (B (SE) = −0.24 (0.09), F(1,145) = 6.43, P = 0.01). Acutely after concussion, estradiol was positively associated with Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index scores (B (SE) = 0.29 (0.12), F(1,102) = 5.60, P = 0.02). No significant relationships were found between hormones and recovery.

Conclusions

These results, which warrant further research, suggest that ovarian hormones may be associated with concussion and psychological symptom severity post-concussion.
Formação em questões climáticas do oficial do exército brasileiro e seu impacto para a administração pública
Authors: Lobo Juvencio Antonio Vasconcelos , Duarte Rubens de S.
Published: November 2024

O presente texto foi elaborado em forma de um ensaio científico, de modo a introduzir um debate sobre como a agenda climática é ensinada para oficiais do Exército Brasileiro. Parte do pressuposto de que esses militares vêm ganhando protagonismo na administração pública e, diante da inevitabilidade da emergência climática e de seus impactos, incidirão na formulação e na condução das políticas públicas brasileiras. Com isso, as visões de mundo, princípios e valores que são absorvidos pelos oficiais militares via sistema educacional militar passam a emergir também em outras áreas da administração pública. Metodologicamente, este texto apresenta resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa que busca identificar e analisar o conteúdo programático das principais instituições responsáveis pelo ensino e preparo do oficial militar do Exército Brasileiro.
Assessing the students’ evaluations of educational quality (SEEQ) questionnaire in Oman higher education
Authors: Al Kalbani Muna
Published: November 2024

Background One of the most popular tools that is used to evaluate education quality is the Student Evaluation of Education Quality (SEEQ). This local data study examined the SEEQ’s psychometric properties in Omani education, specifically its validity and reliability. Methods This was quantitative research to assess educational quality from the students’ viewpoint. The study was conducted at Muscat College from January to March 2024.Simple randomization implemented at the course level helped to choose the participants. All students registered in the specified courses were asked to take part after a random sample of the courses Muscat College offers throughout the study term was chosen. Five hundred fifty students completed the survey. AMOS was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and PSS was used to evaluate the internal consistency (IBM Corp., 2024a, 2024b). Results CFA of the SEEQ indicated that the eight -factor solution best fit the data. Results also showed that the SEEQ has overall good-to-excellent reliability. The adapted scale was psychometrically sound, proving SEEQ’s applicability Conclusions This study proposes using SEEQ to measure Oman’s education quality.
Urban planning effectiveness and citizen satisfaction. A systematic literature review
Authors: Llonto Caicedo Yefferson , Morán Santamaría Rogger Orlando , Alarcón Villanueva Guido , Zavaleta Gonzáles Leticia Noemi , Llatas Díaz Willy Darwin , Pacheco Gonzales Ida Blanca , Pejerrey González Rocío Janet , Castro Mejía Percy Junior , Atalaya Urrutia Carlos William
Published: November 2024

Background The population is increasingly demanding a better quality of life in their territories, which requires better urban planning. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of urban planning implemented by local governments on citizen satisfaction. Method A systematic literature review was conducted exploring the evolution of the state-of-the-art databases in Scopus, WOS and Dimensions, involving a relevant selection of empirical studies on the effectiveness of urban planning on citizen satisfaction, using quality criteria and the application of the PRISMA diagram. Results The findings in the various empirical contributions find converging in three main blocks the contributions related to: (i) Urban planning as a catalyst for the impact of citizen satisfaction, given that using the planning tool will lead to the development of local policies based on the Neoliberalism approach for smart urban development; (ii) Theoretical contributions for urban planning that contextualises a modernist planning based on a multidimensional aspect to address quality of life for modern well-being and (iii) Smart planning for citizen satisfaction for the design and implementation of public governance reforms aimed at optimising urban planning management at the local level for smart urban city development. Conclusion There is strong theoretical and empirical support that is closely linked to sustainable development, happiness, public space, urban growth, urban areas, satisfied customers and urban residents. Future research should examine the relative weight of urban planning dimensions and effectiveness in the sustainable development of territories and citizen satisfaction.
A Novel Noise-Aware Classical Optimizer for Variational Quantum Algorithms
Authors: Larson Jeffrey , Menickelly Matt , Shi Jiahao
Published: November 2024

A key component of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) is the choice of classical optimizer employed to update the parameterization of an ansatz. It is well recognized that quantum algorithms will, for the foreseeable future, necessarily be run on noisy devices with limited fidelities. Thus, the evaluation of an objective function (e.g., the guiding function in the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) or the expectation of the electronic Hamiltonian in variational quantum eigensolver (VQE)) required by a classical optimizer is subject not only to stochastic error from estimating an expected value but also to error resulting from intermittent hardware noise. Model-based derivative-free optimization methods have emerged as popular choices of a classical optimizer in the noisy VQA setting, based on empirical studies. However, these optimization methods were not explicitly designed with the consideration of noise. In this work we adapt recent developments from the “noise-aware numerical optimization” literature to these commonly used derivative-free model-based methods. We introduce the key defining characteristics of these novel noise-aware derivative-free model-based methods that separate them from standard model-based methods. We study an implementation of such noise-aware derivative-free model-based methods and compare its performance on demonstrative VQA simulations to classical solvers packaged in scikit-quant.

History: Accepted by Giacomo Nannicini, Area Editor for Quantum Computing and Operations Research. Accepted for Special Issue.

Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers and the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Accelerated Research for Quantum Computing program under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2024.0578 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2024.0578 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Oral hygiene in patients with severe mental illness
Authors: Mitchell Aby
Published: November 2024

Oral hygiene is an essential part of nursing care, but it is often overlooked, particularly in patients with severe mental illness. In this clinical review, Aby Mitchell provides an overview of common oral health conditions in patients with mental health conditions, and the procedure for oral health assessment and care.
Modified Fresnel equations for the case of oblique incidence on an isotropic gyrotropic medium
Authors: Diukov V. A. , Grigoriev K. S. , Makarov V. A.
Published: November 2024

Modified Fresnel equations for the oblique incidence of plane elliptically polarized electromagnetic waves on a flat boundary of a non-absorbing isotropic gyrotropic medium have been obtained. We have taken into account the influence of near-surface inhomogeneity of the matter. The derived relationships allow determining the intensity, degree of ellipticity, and the angle defining the orientation of the polarization ellipse of the reflected wave, as well as the intensities of two circularly polarized waves propagating at different angles in the isotropic gyrotropic medium. It is shown that considering the optical activity of the medium and its near-surface layer leads to significant differences between the modified and classical Fresnel equations.
High-sensitivity lossy mode resonance sensor by deposition of perovskite nanofilms on the eccentric core quasi D-shaped photonic quasi-crystal fiber
Authors: Ma Leilei , He Ying , Xu Run , Yang Yanfang , Zhang Huifang , Hong Feng , Wang Wenzhen , Zhu Yan
Published: November 2024

Lossy mode resonance (LMR) sensors have garnered widespread attention in recent years. This work proposes a quasi-D-shaped eccentric core photonic quasi-crystal fiber LMR (PQF-LMR) sensor with an M-type perovskite coating surface. The sensor is based on a ten-fold Penrose PQF structure, featuring four kinds of air holes and perovskite coating deposited on the micro-groove surface. The sensing characteristics are analyzed using the finite element method. The results indicate that multiple LMRs can be excited in both Y-polarization and X-polarization. The 2
nd
and 3
rd
lossy modes exhibit outstanding performance in terms of sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM). The 2
nd
lossy mode achieves a maximum sensitivity of 84,985 nm/RIU and an average sensitivity of 46,358 nm/RIU. In the 3
rd
lossy mode, the maximum FOM reaches 904.34 RIU−1. For comparison, the quasi-D-shaped PQF-LMR sensor with a flat surface is also investigated. The PQF-LMR sensor with perovskite coating demonstrates superior sensing performance and significantly broadens the prospects for LMR sensors in various fields.
Multidimensional optimization-improved grid star map recognition algorithm
Authors: Zhao Bin , Zhang Yu , Yang Dongpeng , Ren Taiyang , Yang Songzhou , Zhang Jian , Yang Junjie , Sun Jingrui , Meng Xiangkai , Yun Zhikun , Zhang Guoyu
Published: November 2024

In high-precision celestial navigation, star map recognition algorithms are crucial. We identified limitations in the classical grid star map recognition algorithm (CGSMRA) concerning star sorting method, selection strategy, scoring criterion, and screening mechanisms. To address these, we developed a multidimensional optimization-improved grid star map recognition algorithm (MOIGSMRA). We evaluated MOIGSMRA through five experiments: template matching efficiency, companion star recognition, recognition accuracy, attitude determination accuracy, and overall performance. Compared to CGSMRA, MOIGSMRA demonstrated superior results. This study offers a method to optimize attitude determination algorithms for star sensors and provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for improving star recognition accuracy.
Inscription of Bragg reflectors in polypropylene no-core optical fibers using 248 nm laser radiation
Authors: Chapalo Ivan , Sarakatsianos Vasilios , Grantzioti Eleni , Konstantaki Maria , Tsibidis George D. , Manouras Theodore , Vamvakaki Maria , Pissadakis Stavros
Published: November 2024

Inscription and characterization of Bragg reflectors in polypropylene (PP) no-core optical fibers using 248-nm KrF excimer laser radiation are presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. A new photo-sensitization approach is adopted by means of pre-loading the PP no-core fibers using toluene in-diffusion, for increasing Bragg reflector recording yield. The Bragg reflector inscription process was monitored online, for both pristine and toluene loaded PP no-core fibers under identical exposure conditions, revealing that toluene loaded samples leaded to threefold stronger reflectors and average refractive index changes of the order of 1.1 × 10−3. The Bragg reflectors were characterized for their response to strain (1.62 pm/µɛ), and temperature (-145 pm/°C) while negligible sensitivity to water diffusion was recorded. The photosensitivity mechanism of the toluene in-diffused PP no-core optical fibers using 248-nm KrF excimer laser radiation is also discussed.
External-cavity diode laser at 2.6 µm and its frequency stabilization with a scanning Fabry-Pérot cavity
Authors: Ganesh Sandhya , Zhang Shengnan , Shivanand Tiwari Balsant , Singh Yeshpal
Published: November 2024

We report on the construction of an external cavity diode laser at 2.6 µm wavelength and its frequency stabilization with an external scanning Fabry-Pérot cavity using Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) frequency stabilization technique. We discuss the frequency noise characteristics of the laser using the PDH residual error signal analysis and the locking performance. We have achieved a 2.5 x 105 suppression factor in the frequency noise power spectral density at Fourier frequencies lower than 100 Hz when the laser is stabilized. The laser is employed to observe resonant excitation on the 5s5p3P0 →5s4d3D1 transition in cold 88Sr atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap. We have observed an enhancement in the trapped atom number by a factor of 8.3 compared to the case when a single laser at 707 nm is employed for repumping.
Chiral optical properties of metasurfaces comprised of chiral media: effects of geometric and material chirality
Authors: Ramamurthy Maya , Cote Bryan M. , Ferry Vivian E.
Published: November 2024

We deconvolute the distinct and sometimes competing effects of geometric and material chirality in metastructures created from materials that are intrinsically chiral. We find that overlapping Mie-like resonances in nanodisk arrays leads to 6-fold CD enhancement compared to a uniform film. Furthermore, making the medium chiral does not necessarily increase CD; enhancement depends on the magnitude of the Pasteur parameter and its real and imaginary components. Finally, to demonstrate how geometric and material chirality can be combined, we design a geometrically chiral meta-atom out of chiral media and observe over 9-fold enhancement in both CD and g-factor compared to a metasurface comprised of achiral material.
Standoff ultra-compact micro-Raman (SUCR) sensor for lunar surface exploration
Authors: Nurul Abedin M. , Beegle Luther W. , Edmunson Jennifer E. , Refaat Tamer F. , Bai Yingxin , Tucker Eric Z. , Misra Anupam K. , Little Alan , Bradley Arthur T. , Rickman Douglas L.
Published: November 2024

The Raman characterization results of lunar relevant simulants, including liquid water, ice, and organics using NASA Langley developed standoff ultra-compact micro-Raman (SUCR) sensor are presented. The SUCR sensor is designed as an instrument applicable for future lunar surface operations. The SUCR is equipped to be mounted on a lunar lander’s platform or on a rover’s robotic arm for close Raman inspection of mixed samples on the lunar surface, including mapping the mineralogy, determining water ice distribution, and identifying frozen volatiles. It enables a critical in-situ measurement for future sample return missions by identifying the highest-value samples for return within the vicinity of the lunar Aitken basin. The outcome of this study allows this sensor to be suitable to investigate the variety of mixed lunar samples and in the process helps understand the habitability of the lunar south pole, where there is a broader emphasis on surface chemistry, mineralogy, and geology. In this article, we report the ability of the SUCR sensor to characterize and identify samples, for example, water/ice, sulfur/naphthalene, lunar simulant sample containing pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine minerals, and in addition to Raman scan map of mixed sulfur, glutamine, and naphthalene.
Spectral phase-based valence state conversion manipulation in BaFCl: Sm3+ nanocrystals for multilevel information recording and display
Authors: Pan Zhen , Zheng Biao , Deng Lianzhong , Yao Yunhua , Qi Dalong , Shen Yuecheng , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian
Published: November 2024

Recent scholarly inquiry has increasingly focused on the valence state conversions of rare-earth ion-doped materials, given their promising applications in optical storage and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation into the manipulation of valence state conversion in BaFCl: Sm3+ nanocrystals by modulating the spectral phases of femtosecond laser pulses for excitation with a genetic algorithm-driven self-adaptive control program. An enhancement factor of ∼1.5 and a suppression factor of ∼0.03 for the valence state conversion efficiency have been achieved. Preliminary information recording experiments substantiate the efficacy of spectral phase modulation in applications that necessitate valence state conversions. Our research not only deepens the comprehension of the photoinduced valence state conversion processes but also illustrates a potent method for modulating conversion efficiency. This approach holds significant potential for applications such as multi-level data recording and advanced display technologies.
Mitigating tilt-induced artifacts in reflection ptychography via optimization of the tilt angles
Authors: Senhorst Sander , Shao Yifeng , Weerdenburg Sven , Horsten Roland , Porter Christina , Coene Wim
Published: November 2024

Ptychography in a reflection geometry shows great promise for non-destructive imaging of 3-dimensional nanostructures at the surface of a thick substrate. A major challenge to obtain high quality reflection-ptychographic images under near-grazing conditions has been to calibrate the incidence angle used to straighten the measured curved diffraction patterns in a process referred to as ‘tilted plane correction’ (TPC). In this work, we leverage the flexibility of automatic differentiation (AD)-based modeling to realize an alternative approach, where the tilted propagation is included in the forward model. Use of AD allows us to jointly optimize the tilt angles with the typical probe and object, eliminating the need for accurate calibration or random search optimization. The approach was validated using datasets generated with an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) beamline based on both a tabletop high harmonic generation (HHG) source and a visible laser. We demonstrate that the proposed approach can converge to a precision of ±0.05∘ for probe beams at 70∘ angle of incidence, possibly precise enough for use as a calibration approach. Furthermore, we demonstrate that optimizing for the tilt angles reduces artifacts and increases reconstruction fidelity. Use of AD not only streamlines the current ptychographic reconstruction process, but should also enable optimization of more complex models in other domains, which will likely be useful for future advancements in computational imaging.
Modeling analysis and experiments of dual-FOV multiple scattering Raman lidar for detecting water cloud microphysical properties
Authors: Qi Liangliang , Yang Fan , Tian Lei , Mao Jiandong , Zhao Hu , Hua Dengxin
Published: November 2024

Clouds are the primary regulators of the Earth’s climate, but the mechanisms through which they influence climate are poorly understood. Probing the microphysical properties of liquid water clouds is an urgent need for research on the Earth’s atmospheric system and atmospheric physics. In this paper, an iterative inversion of water cloud microphysical properties for a multiple scattering Raman lidar is presented, which can enable continuous, vertical measurements of the extinction coefficient of water clouds, the liquid water content (LWC), the effective radius of the cloud droplets, and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC). The technique based on a constructed dual-field-of-view (dual-FOV) device combined with a quasi-small-angle (QSA) approximation model was investigated. The determination method of the optimal field of view (FOV) for lidar detection was discussed to enhance the sensitivity of the measured signals to the observed cloud microphysical parameters. Field observations with a co-located microwave radiometer (MWR) were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the lidar system, also an error analysis of the measurement examples was performed. The dual FOV Raman lidar experimental LWC measurement has an average deviation of 0.034 g/m3 and the relative error is 27.2% relative to the MWR measurement. The system has important potential applications in aerosol-cloud interactions and provides new ideas and methods for studying water cloud microphysical properties, further studying aerosol indirect effects.
Synthesis of one-dimensional selenium nanowires for ultrafast fiber lasers in different bands
Authors: Wu Haiwen , He Junshan , Xie Zhaoru , Chen Jingxian , Huang Jie , He Pengfei , Tao Lili , Fan Bingfeng , Chen Guojie
Published: November 2024

One-dimensional (1D) semiconductor materials, frequently manifested as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanorods, exhibit exceptional electronic and optical characteristics due to the confinement of their constituent atoms within a single spatial dimension. Furthermore, they possess remarkable nonlinear optical response properties, harboring immense potential for use in ultrafast optics. Nevertheless, the exploration of their nonlinear optical properties remains inadequate and necessitates further investigation. Here, we report on a saturable absorber (SA) featuring what we believe to be novel 1D selenium (Se) nanowires (NWs) synthesized via the hydrothermal method and its nonlinear optical properties have been studied. It is found that the Se NWs SA has a low saturation intensity of 1.3 MW/cm2, suggesting a significantly reduced self-starting mode-locked threshold power. Employing the Se NWs SA, we successfully achieved an Er-doped fiber laser with a pulse width of 556 fs and a Tm-doped fiber laser with a predicted pulse width of 1.4 ps, respectively. Our results not only underscore the significant potential of 1D Se nanowires for utilization in broadband ultrafast fiber lasers but also contribute to the enhancement and diversification of research into the nonlinear optical properties of 1D semiconductor materials.
Experimental investigation of quantum correlations under restricted distrust in a semi-device-independent framework
Authors: Ma Meng-Yun , Zheng Kai-Mei , Xu Xu , Sun Chao-Jie , Su Qi-Ping , Yang Chui-Ping , Sun Yong-Nan
Published: November 2024

Semi-device-independent (SDI) methods provide a convenient way to characterize quantum systems under additional physical assumptions, and these methods have wide applications in quantum information processing, such as quantum key distribution, quantum random number generation and quantum certification. Recently, Tavakoli proposed an SDI scheme to investigate quantum correlations based on the assumption of restricted distrust. Here, we experimentally investigate quantum correlations in an SDI framework with restricted distrust, where the preparer emits states with a bounded fidelity with respect to a set of target states and the measurer operates an uncharacterized measurement device. In our work, we experimentally realize quantum state discrimination with bounded distrust and apply it to the certification of detection efficiency. Moreover, we demonstrate the advantages of quantum systems over classical counterparts even at substantial degrees of distrust. Finally, we investigate SDI random number generation with restricted distrust and show that high rates of randomness can also be generated at experimentally realistic levels of distrust. Our work opens new avenues for SDI quantum information processing.
Parallel random fiber Bragg gratings in cladding for a narrow linewidth random fiber laser
Authors: Fang Yuanyuan , Luo Pengtao , Chen Fengyi , Wang Ruohui , Qiao Xueguang
Published: November 2024

Using the fs-IR laser point-by-point inscription method, parallel-cladding random fiber Bragg gratings (Parallel-CLRFBGs) were fabricated in a single-mode fiber (SMF) as a novel, to the best of our knowledge, filtering device for random fiber lasers (RFLs). The Parallel-CLRFBGs effectively control light scattering and interference, enhancing system feedback through increased backward Rayleigh scattering. Compared to conventional axially cascaded random gratings, gratings aligned in parallel within sub-centimeter cladding improve the integration of a laser system. The results show that RFLs using Parallel-CLRFBGs in a hybrid cavity achieve a narrow linewidth output of 138 Hz, almost half that of RFLs using conventional core-random fiber Bragg gratings (Core-RFBGs).
Quantum weak measurement enhanced distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Deng Qingxin , Li Hongjing , Song Qi , Liu Zhiqiang , Huang Jingzheng , Zeng Guihua
Published: November 2024

An enhanced distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is proposed based on an extended Mach–Zehnder interferometer utilizing quantum weak measurement. The acoustic signals are encoded as the relative phase of the polarized light in several channels by fibers between optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). With appropriate preselection and postselection, the acoustic signal can be extracted by performing the Fourier transform on the contrast ratio of the detected light intensity. Theoretical analysis shows that the scheme can achieve a spatial resolution of 1 m, and the system noise can be decreased by three orders of magnitude compared to classical distributed acoustic sensing. Moreover, this scheme might have potential application in long-distance acoustic source localization.
Multifunctional metasurface for multispectral compatible camouflage of laser and infrared with thermal management
Authors: Gong Yiheng , Yu Renjie , Chen Huiying , Zhang Xingliang
Published: November 2024

Multispectral compatible camouflage has attracted widespread attention due to the rapid development of various detection technologies. This work presents a multifunctional metasurface that is compatible with laser stealth, infrared shielding, and the thermal management function. To achieve laser stealth, the metasurface is designed as a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure for high absorption of laser lights at 1.06 and 1.54 µm, with absorption rates of 97.7 and 95.9%, respectively. Also, the metasurface is designed to minimize the specular reflectance of a 10.6 µm laser light based on the phase cancellation principle. To achieve infrared stealth, the proposed metasurface has achieved an ultralow emissivity in the atmosphere window, with an average emissivity of 0.04 in the 3–5 µm range and 0.11 in the 8–14 µm range. Additionally, the thermal management function is achieved by using the high absorption property of the metasurface in the non-atmospheric window (5–8 µm), which further improves the stealth performance in the infrared band. This work provides a novel, to the best of our knowledge, strategy to realize multispectral compatible camouflage with the thermal management function by using a compact integrated metasurface, indicating that it has promising prospects in future high-performance compatible stealth applications.
Improved temporal characteristics for post-compressed pulses via application-tailored nonlinear polarization ellipse rotation
Authors: Escoto Esmerando , Pressacco Federico , Jiang Yujiao , Rajhans Supriya , Khodakovskiy Nikita , Hartl Ingmar , Seidel Marcus , Heyl Christoph M. , Tünnermann Henrik
Published: November 2024

Intense ultrashort laser pulses with high temporal quality are essential for fundamental science. Nonlinear polarization ellipse rotation (NER) is one way to ensure this high temporal quality, by suppressing weaker signals beyond the duration of the main pulse up to a few orders of magnitude. Post-compression schemes have revolutionized ultrafast lasers, enabling the generation of pulses with durations beyond the limit supported by laser gain media. However, high compression ratios lead to the formation of new pre- and post-pulses. Both NER and post-compression depend on the optical Kerr effect. This makes the combination of the two in a single setup both advantageous and straightforward. While NER cannot suppress the new pre- and post-pulses generated in post-compression, we show via simulations and experimental data that by combining the two, it is possible to shape the output spectrum and counteract temporal contrast degradation.
Enhanced photonic reservoir computing using an optically injected VCSEL with random polarized optical feedback
Authors: Gu Shuangquan , Cai Deyu , Huang Yu , Yang Yigong , Zhou Pei , Lau Kuenyao , Li Nianqiang
Published: November 2024

We propose and numerically demonstrate a photonic time-delay reservoir computing (TDRC) system exhibiting enhanced parallel task processing performance, where an optically injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under random distributed optical feedback acts as the reservoir computer. To assess its effectiveness, we perform two benchmark tasks including chaotic time-series prediction and waveform recognition task, where the TDRC is associated with two different random feedback structures, i.e., orthogonally polarized optical feedback (OPOF) and parallelly polarized optical feedback (PPOF). Benefiting from the enhanced nonlinearity offered by the random distributed optical feedback, the proposed TDRC excels at parallel task processing with the PPOF structure, whereas the performance of the OPOF structure may be deteriorated. Additionally, we reveal the effect of the injection strength, feedback strength, pump current, and number of virtual nodes on the proposed TDRC. Our work paves the way for the performance enhancement of parallel task processing based on polarization multiplexing in a VCSEL-based TDRC.
Dual-functional GaN photodiode for photodetection and neuromorphic computing with high specific detectivity
Authors: Sun Zhihang , Fang Li , Shi Fan , Shi Zheng , Wei Tongbo , Bi Wengang , Wang Yongjin , Yan Jiabin
Published: November 2024

The discrepancy in the photoresponse characteristics between photodetectors (PDs) and photosynapses is posing a challenge for integrating the two functions into a single device. In this work, a photodetector integrated with neuromorphic capabilities is demonstrated. Under the joint action of the photovoltaic effect and photoconductive effect, the proposed device can switch between the photodetector and photosynapse by simply altering the polarity of bias voltage. Under a reverse or zero bias voltage, the device operates as a photodetector with low dark current and high specific detectivity. On the other hand, when a positive bias voltage is applied, the device showcases synaptic functionalities such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, and transition from short-term memory to long-term memory. The dual-functional devices hold promise for weak light detection and neuromorphic computing in complex environments.
Environmentally robust all-polarization-maintaining random fiber laser of a cylindrical vector beam
Authors: Liu Xiangzhong , Luo Jing , Lv Jialiang , Yao Peijun , Xu Lixin
Published: November 2024

Random lasers with vector modes have garnered widespread attention due to their unique polarization and phase properties and the absence of cavity-defined longitudinal modes. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an all-polarization-maintaining (PM) random fiber laser (RFL) based on a half-open cavity that can simultaneously generate linearly polarized fundamental modes and higher-order modes. Then a cylindrical vector beam (CVB) of azimuthal polarization is generated by the mode superposition method with mode purity exceeding 93.4%. The mode conversion process is realized with a homemade long-period fiber grating and a fiber Bragg grating based on a PM few-mode (FM) fiber. The proposed compact and simple all-PM random laser is capable of generating a CVB without polarization controllers; thus, the environmental stability and self-starting ability will be greatly improved. This laser scheme will be beneficial for the design of vector mode random lasers and is expected to find diverse applications in modal division multiplexing systems, time-domain ghost imaging, and secure communication.
Single-Atomic-Ensemble Dual-Wavelength Optical Standard
Authors: Miao Jie , Chen Jingming , Yu Deshui , Yang Qiaohui , Pan Duo , Chen Jingbiao
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate a dual-wavelength optical frequency standard based on the dual-optical-transition modulation transfer spectroscopy (DOT-MTS) between different quantum transitions of the rubidium D1 (795 nm) and D2 (780 nm) lines. In a single rubidium atomic ensemble, modulation frequency sidebands from the 780 nm pump beam are simultaneously transferred to both the 780 nm and 795 nm probe lasers. The DOT-MTS enables the simultaneous stabilization of 780 nm and 795 nm lasers on a single vapor cell. Both lasers exhibit a frequency instability in the low 10$^{-14}$ range at 1 s of averaging, as estimated from the residual error signal. A theoretical model is developed based on the V-type atomic level structure to illustrate the dual-wavelength spectroscopy. This approach can be extended to develop a multi-wavelength optical frequency standard within a single atomic ensemble, broadening its applicability in fields such as precision metrology, wavelength standards, optical networks, and beyond.
A computational analysis of the oncogenic and anti-tumor immunity role of P4HA3 in human cancers
Authors: Huang Hong Yan , Zhang Fu Wei , Yu Jie , Xiao Yan Hong , Zhu Di , Yi XiaoLin , Lin XiaoHua , Jin Ming , Jin Hai Yun , Huang Yong Sheng , Ren Shu Wei
Published: November 2024

Prolyl-4-hydroxylase subunit alpha3 (P4HA3) is a triple helical procollagen synthesis protein. The role of P4HA3 in cancer development is not well known and lacks comprehensive analyses among human cancers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between P4HA3 expression and anti-tumor immunity and its prognostic value in pan-cancer. P4HA3 expression was analyzed from TIMER2.0, GTEx, GEPIA2.0 and TCGA databases. Genetic and DNA methylation alterations, survival analysis and proteins co-expression analysis of P4HA3 in cBio Cancer Genomics Portal, TCGA, GSCA and TIMER2.0. The correlation between P4HA3 expression and immune infiltration was analyzed by TIDE, XCELL, MCPCOUNTER, and EPIC. We performed EdU and transwell experiments to evaluate the influence of P4HA3 on the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of different tumors. Patients derived xenograft (PDX) and subcutaneous transplantation models were utilized to explore the correlation between P4HA3 and immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Among 33 types of cancers, P4HA3 had generally different expression between different tumors, further analysis showed that the expression of P4HA3 was correlated with the cells infiltration of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The expression of P4HA3 was positively with the cell proliferation markers and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Moreover, P4HA3 deficiency inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of tumor cells, and promoted anti-tumor immunotherapy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. This pan-cancer analysis of P4HA3 provides a comprehensive understanding of its oncogenic and prognosis role in different cancers, P4HA3 abnormal expression could be a useful biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer patients.
Assessing the effect of model specification and prior sensitivity on Bayesian tests of temporal signal
Authors: Tay John H. , Kocher Arthur , Duchene Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Our understanding of the evolution of many microbes has been revolutionised by the molecular clock, a statistical tool to infer evolutionary rates and timescales from analyses of biomolecular sequences. In all molecular clock models, evolutionary rates and times are jointly unidentifiable and ‘calibration’ information must therefore be used. For many organisms, sequences sampled at different time points can be employed for such calibration. Before attempting to do so, it is recommended to verify that the data carry sufficient information for molecular dating, a practice referred to as evaluation of temporal signal. Recently, a fully Bayesian approach, BETS (Bayesian Evaluation of Temporal Signal), was proposed to overcome known limitations of other commonly used techniques such as root-to-tip regression or date randomisation tests. BETS requires the specification of a full Bayesian phylogenetic model, posing several considerations for untangling the impact of model choice on the detection of temporal signal. Here, we aimed to (i) explore the effect of molecular clock model and tree prior specification on the results of BETS and (ii) provide guidelines for improving our confidence in molecular clock estimates. Using microbial molecular sequence data sets and simulation experiments, we assess the impact of the tree prior and its hyperparameters on the accuracy of temporal signal detection. In particular, highly informative priors that are inconsistent with the data can result in the incorrect detection of temporal signal. In consequence, we recommend: (i) using prior predictive simulations to determine whether the prior generates a reasonable expectation of parameters of interest, such as the evolutionary rate and age of the root node, (ii) conducting prior sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the posterior to the choice of prior, and (iii) selecting a molecular clock model that reasonably describes the evolutionary process.
Serious adverse events reported with benzimidazole derivatives: A disproportionality analysis from the World Health Organization’s pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Modingam Pamella , Faillie Jean-Luc , Campillo Jérémy T.
Published: November 2024

Background

Benzimidazole derivatives are widely used anthelmintic drugs, particularly in mass campaigns for intestinal parasitosis treatment. Despite their generally good safety profile, serious adverse reactions have been reported. This study aims to identify potential pharmacovigilance signals for benzimidazole derivatives using disproportionality analysis in the WHO database.

Methodology

A case/non-case study was conducted using data from the WHO VigiBase database (2000–2023). Cases were individual case safety reports (ICSRs) where at least one suspected serious adverse event of interest was reported, while non-cases were ICSRs reporting any adverse events other than the serious adverse events of interest. Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess disproportionate reporting. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounding factors and a sensitivity analysis with imputed missing data was performed.

Principal findings

Among 19,068 serious reports analyzed, significant disproportionality signals were found for benzimidazole derivatives compared to other anthelmintic drugs, notably for bone marrow failure and hypoplastic anemia (adjusted ROR 9.44 [5.01–18.9]), serious leukopenia (3.89 [2.64–5.76]), serious hepatic disorders (3.10 [2.59–3.71]), hepatitis (2.88, 95% CI 2.29–3.63) and serious urticaria (2.02, 95% CI 1.36–2.99). We have also highlighted a new signal not mentioned in the summaries of product characteristics for seizures with benzimidazole derivatives. Secondary analysis revealed these signals were primarily reported with albendazole.

Conclusions/Significance

This study identified potential pharmacovigilance signals for serious hematological and hepatic adverse events for benzimidazole derivatives, particularly albendazole. New signal for benzimidazole derivatives has been described for seizures. These findings underscore the need for vigilant monitoring during benzimidazole derivatives use and warrant further pharmacoepidemiologic studies to confirm these signals and investigate underlying mechanisms.
A multimodal understanding of the role of sound and music in gendered toy marketing
Authors: Marinelli Luca , Lucht Petra , Saitis Charalampos
Published: November 2024

Literature in music theory and psychology shows that, even in isolation, musical sounds can reliably encode gender-loaded messages. Musical material can be imbued with many ideological dimensions and gender is just one of them. Nonetheless, studies of the gendering of music within multimodal communicative events are sparse and lack an encompassing theoretical framework. The present study attempts to address this literature gap by employing a critical quantitative analysis of music in gendered toy marketing, which integrated a content analytical approach with multimodal affective and music-focused perceptual responses. Ratings were collected on a set of 606 commercials spanning a ten-year time frame and strong gender polarization was observed in nearly all of the collected variables. Gendered music styles in toy commercials exhibit synergistic design choices, as music in masculine-targeted adverts was substantially more abrasive—louder, more inharmonious, and more distorted—than in feminine-targeted ones. Thus, toy advertising music appeared deliberately and consistently in line with traditional gender norms. In addition, music perceptual scales and voice-related content analytical variables explain quite well the heavily polarized affective ratings. This study presents a empirical understanding of the gendering of music as constructed within multimodal discourse, reiterating the importance of the sociocultural underpinnings of music cognition. We provided a public repository with all code and data necessary to reproduce the results of this study on github.com/marinelliluca/music-role-gender-marketing.