bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Troubling complaint: Addressing hepatitis C‐related stigma and discrimination through complaint mechanisms
Authors: Lenton Emily , Kagan Dion , Seear Kate , Mulcahy Sean , Farrugia Adrian , valentine kylie , Edwards Michael , Jeffcote Danny
Published: April 2024

The need to grapple with hepatitis C‐related stigma and discrimination in Australian health‐care settings has been recognised in public policy, and work is underway to address it. But how likely are people to raise a complaint when they experience stigma or discrimination? And how effective and accessible are complaints mechanisms? Given complaint procedures are considered important parts of the delivery of safe and ethical health care, these are important questions that have yet to be substantially explored. Drawing on interviews with people with lived experience of hepatitis C (n = 30), this article considers how affected people feel about complaints processes and the act of complaining. Alongside these perspectives, we discuss complaint mechanisms, and the views of stakeholders who work with hepatitis C‐affected communities in policy, health, legal and advocacy roles (n = 30) on the institutional and cultural dynamics of complaint. We draw on Sara Ahmed’s Complaint! and Fraser et al.’s work on drug‐related stigma to analyse these concerns that have yet to be researched, and argue that the (unlikely) prospect of successful complaint is a key part of the network of forces that perpetuate stigma, discrimination and disadvantage among people who have (lived with) hepatitis C. Although people with lived experience are often powerful advocates and acutely aware of the deficiencies in the quality of their treatment, our interviews suggest that the obstacles they face to accessing health care are seen as commonplace, intractable and insurmountable; and, that mechanisms for addressing them—where they exist at all—treat complaints in narrowly individualising terms and expose complainants to dismissal. Following Ahmed, we call for a ‘troubling’ of complaints—responding to them not as individual problems but rather as collective, structural concerns, necessitating new approaches.
The role of executive functions in 9‐ to 12‐year‐old children's sentence processing: An eye‐movement study
Authors: Cui Nannan , Wang Yang , Luo Jiefei , Wu Yan
Published: April 2024

Background

Executive function (EF) plays a crucial role in children's reading. However, previous studies were based on offline products of reading comprehension. Online research is needed to reveal the core mechanisms underlying children's reading processing. By measuring children's working memory (WM) and cognitive flexibility (CF), we investigated whether individual differences in EF could modulate sentence processing and, if so, how they exert their roles.

Methods

The present study manipulated semantic congruency and the association between crucial words in a sentence. We recruited 89 Chinese children aged 9–12 years and monitored their eye movement.

Results

The study revealed distinct associations between reader‐ and text‐related characteristics, as evidenced by eye‐movement patterns during reading. A significant incongruency effect was observed in reading, underscoring the children's capacity to discern incongruent information. Children's WM and CF were found to modulate this process. Specifically, high‐WM children showed more effective integration of incongruent information when the textual context was closely related during the later‐stage processing. In contrast, low‐WM children faced more challenges with incongruent words. Additionally, CF was influential during the early processing period. High‐CF children exhibited longer early‐stage reading times for incongruent words in associated contexts.

Conclusions

Individual differences in EF can modulate children's online sentence processing. However, different EF components may play different roles.
First record of Zaprionus tuberculatus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in mainland France
Authors: Georges Romain , Yassin Amir , Colinet Hervé
Published: April 2024

As most drosophilid species are not considered as primary pest, studies of their communities in natura, with standardized surveys, are relatively sparse. However, Drosophila suzukii and its rapid expansion through the world led to the implementation of many monitoring programs. As part of a research project on D. suzukii, we set up in 2022 an annual fly monitoring in 16 fruits plantations in France to understand population's dynamics of D. suzukii and to broadly survey drosophilid communities. The captures led to the first observation of Zaprionus tuberculatus in mainland France. Over the whole monitoring, we trapped a total of 111 specimens in a fig orchard located in southern France (Salses‐le‐Château), both in fig trees and nearby hedgerow. The first detection of Zaprionus tuberculatus occurred in July 2022 in the hedgerow, and captures continued until January 2023 with an interruption in November and December. In addition, in this orchard we collected overripe figs in September 2023 from which over 20 Z. tuberculatus have emerged in the following 2 weeks, confirming the establishment of a permanent population. The pest status of Z. tuberculatus and its potential risk for agriculture is not yet clear, but the pest behavior of the close‐relative species Zaprionus indianus, especially on figs, should be a warning point for the entry of Z. tuberculatus into the EU and France, as they may have similar polyphagous habit. The pest status and range expansion of Z. tuberculatus should be assessed to estimate risk to fruit's production.
Monitoring fast‐moving animals—Building a customized camera system and evaluation toolset
Authors: Wittmann Katharina , Gamal Ibrahim Mohamed , Straw Andrew David , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Staab Michael
Published: April 2024

Automated cameras (including camera traps) are an established observation tool, allowing, for example the identification of behaviours and monitoring without harming organisms. However, limitations including imperfect detection, insufficient data storage and power supply restrict the use of camera traps, making inexpensive and customizable solutions desirable. We describe a camera system and evaluation toolset based on Raspberry Pi computers and YOLOv5 that can overcome those shortcomings with its modular properties. We facilitate the set‐up and modification for researchers via detailed step‐by‐step guides.

A customized camera system prototype was constructed to monitor fast‐moving organisms on a continuous schedule. For testing and benchmarking, we recorded mason bees (Osmia cornuta) approaching nesting aids on 20 sites. To efficiently process the extensive video material, we developed an evaluation toolset utilizing the convolutional neural network YOLOv5 to detect bees in the videos.

In the field test, the camera system performed reliably for more than a week (2 h per day) under varying weather conditions. YOLOv5 detected and classified bees with only 775 original training images. Overall detection reliability varied depending on camera perspective, site and weather conditions, but a high average detection precision (78%) was achieved, which was confirmed by a human observer (80% of algorithm‐based detections confirmed).

The customized camera system mitigates several disadvantages of commercial camera traps by using interchangeable components and incorporates all major requirements a researcher has for working in the field including moderate costs, easy assembly and an external energy source. We provide detailed user guides to bridge the gap between ecology, computer science and engineering.
More than just joy: A qualitative analysis of participant experiences during nitrous oxide sedation
Authors: Valtonen Petra , Markkanen Saara , Järventausta Kaija , Tenhunen Mirja , Kalliomäki Maija‐Liisa
Published: April 2024

Background

Nitrous oxide use is shifting from general anesthesia to sedation and pain control. Interest in novel uses of nitrous oxide in psychiatry is also growing. Thus, understanding the consequences of using nitrous oxide remains relevant. Previous quantitative research might not have fully captured the whole spectrum of nitrous oxide, whereas qualitative analysis can provide a more comprehensive description. This qualitative study aims to describe the subjective experiences of nitrous oxide use in healthy volunteers who have no prior history of recreational substance misuse.

Methods

Twenty healthy male volunteers inhaled 50% nitrous oxide for 20 min. Females were excluded due to higher incidence of nausea with nitrous oxide. Afterwards, all participants answered an open‐ended question about their experiences during sedation. The answers were then analyzed with inductive qualitative content analysis to identify emergent subcategories, categories, and overarching themes.

Results

We identified two themes: nitrous oxide is mind‐altering and produces sensory overload. The mind‐altering properties were represented by dreamlike states and heightened emotions. Dreamlike states comprised changes in consciousness and scary, bizarre, or transcendental dreams. Pleasant dreams were not reported. Heightened emotions included euphoria, anxiety, and fear of losing control. Sensory overload consists of distorted perception, bodily sensations, and a heightened sense of surroundings.

Conclusions

Experiences under nitrous oxide sedation are extremely variable and not always pleasant. These findings can improve our understanding of the likes/dislikes of patients undergoing nitrous oxide sedation. Further qualitative studies should focus on the experiences of other groups, such as children or women in labor.
Validation of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score during pregnancy: A nested case–control study
Authors: Moltubak Elin , Landerholm Kalle , Blomberg Marie , Andersson Roland E.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Appendicitis poses diagnostic challenges. A correct diagnosis is important during pregnancy to avoid unnecessary surgery on the one hand and delayed surgery on the other hand, as both may negatively affect pregnancy outcomes. Clinical scores for risk‐stratified management of suspected appendicitis are well established in adults but have not been validated during pregnancy. This nested case–control study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score and imaging during pregnancy.

Methods

By cross‐linking national Swedish health registries from a defined geographical area, we identified a cohort of 154 women who underwent appendectomy for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy and a matched cohort of 232 pregnant women admitted for acute abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis but with a discharge diagnosis of nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP). All variables were extracted from medical records. The diagnostic value of AIR score and imaging was estimated for patients with a final diagnosis of appendicitis compared with patients with negative appendectomy and NSAP patients.

Results

The final diagnoses for the operated patients were uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis in 49.4% and 26.6%, respectively, and negative appendectomy in 24.0%. Nearly half of all the patients underwent diagnostic imaging (41%), mainly by ultrasonography. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic imaging were 44.9% (95% CI 32.9%–57.4%) and 42.2% (95% CI 31.9%–53.1%), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of AIR score was 0.88 (95% CI 0.84–0.92) for all appendicitis and 0.90 (95% CI 0.84–0.95) for complicated appendicitis. The sensitivity for complicated appendicitis was 100% at a score of ≥4. The specificity for all appendicitis was 97% at a score of ≥9.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the AIR score may be a suitable diagnostic tool for risk stratification of pregnant women with abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis but further validation among pregnant women is needed.
CEO compensation convexity and meeting‐or‐just‐beat earnings forecast
Authors: Bartov Eli , Chan Wilson Wai Ho , Cheng Hua , Hu Gang , Zhao Jingran
Published: April 2024

A line of research documents that corporate executives' compensation convexity relates to earnings management, the issuance of management earnings forecasts and firms' investing and financing decisions. Another stream of research demonstrates that executives manage earnings expectations downward to beatable levels. We bridge these lines of research by investigating how CEO compensation convexity affects expectation management, an important earnings reporting strategy. We hypothesise and find that compensation convexity plays an important role in inducing CEOs to adopt a meet‐or‐just‐beat earnings reporting strategy, which is implemented by downward expectation management.
Effect of the timing of primary endodontic treatment and dosage of radiation therapy on the filling material removal
Authors: Fischer Bruna Venzke , Dias‐Junior Luiz Carlos de Lima , Minamisako Mariana Comparotto , Almeida Cristiane Maria , da Silva Luciano Roberto , Bortoluzzi Eduardo Antunes , Teixeira Cleonice da Silveira , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the effect of the timing of primary endodontic treatment and dosage of radiotherapy on the remaining filling material (RFM) during endodontic reintervention. 60 single‐rooted human mandibular premolars were distributed into five groups (n = 12), according to the timing and dosage of radiation (55Gy or 70Gy): NegativeCG‐non‐irradiated teeth; Endo‐pre‐RT55/70‐obturation before irradiation (55Gy or 70Gy); Endo‐post‐RT55/70‐obturation and reintervention after irradiation (55Gy or 70Gy). Roots were cleaved and analysed under stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope to quantify (%) the RFM. Experimental groups had a significantly greater amount (p < 0.05) of RFM in the middle and apical thirds than the control group, except for Endo‐pre‐RT55 in the middle third (p < 0.0001). The apical third had greater amount of RFM (p < 0.05). Radiation therapy, before and after primary endodontic treatment, increased the amount of RFM, regardless of the dose delivered. When necessary, reintervention preferably must be performed before radiation therapy.
Supervised machine learning for the prediction of post‐operative clinical outcomes of hip and knee replacements: a review
Authors: Ghadirinejad Khashayar , Milimonfared Roohollah , Taylor Mark , Solomon Lucian B. , Graves Stephen , Pratt Nicole , de Steiger Richard , Hashemi Reza
Published: April 2024

Prediction models are being increasingly used in the medical field to identify risk factors and possible outcomes. Some of these are presently being used to develop guidelines for improving clinical practice. The application of machine learning (ML), comprising a powerful set of computational tools for analysing data, has been clearly expanding in the role of predictive modelling. This paper reviews the latest developments of supervised ML techniques that have been used to analyse data related to post‐operative total hip and knee replacements. The aim was to review the most recent findings of relevant published studies by outlining the methodologies employed (most‐widely used supervised ML techniques), data sources, domains, limitations of predictive analytics and the quality of predictions.
MedGermDB: A seed germination database for characteristic species of Mediterranean habitats
Authors: Cruz‐Tejada Diana María , Fernández‐Pascual Eduardo , Mo Alessio , Mattana Efisio , Carta Angelino
Published: April 2024

Seed germination is a crucial phase of plant responses in early life to current and future environmental conditions. However, germination data are still scarce or disaggregated for many plant lineages and regions, including global biodiversity hotspots such as the Mediterranean Basin. We present MedGermDB, the first germination database for characteristic species of Mediterranean habitats, as defined by the EUNIS classification. We also present a systematic approach to build germination databases using automatic and semi‐automatic data extraction from the literature. MedGermDB contains germination data for 4680 laboratory tests performed with 236 angiosperm species from 43 families, extracted from 125 literature sources (2837 sources screened). Each test is associated to a seed lot (i.e., a seed collection of a plant species obtained from a specific location at a specific time) and its metadata, recording geographical information and experimental conditions (storage, dormancy‐breaking treatments, incubation temperature, and photoperiod). MedGermDB is available as a csv file, and through a web app: https://dianamariacruztejada.shinyapps.io/medgermdb/. MedGermDB can be used to explore eco‐evolutionary questions and provides a backbone data set for informing effective seed‐based conservation and ecological restoration activities targeting EUNIS habitats. Our methodological approach to data extraction can be extended to other study systems, contributing to global efforts to mobilize germination data.
Cytosolic DNA sensor AIM2 promotes KRAS‐driven lung cancer independent of inflammasomes
Authors: Alanazi Mohammad , Weng Teresa , McLeod Louise , Gearing Linden J. , Smith Julian A. , Kumar Beena , Saad Mohamed I. , Jenkins Brendan J.
Published: April 2024

Constitutively active KRAS mutations are among the major drivers of lung cancer, yet the identity of molecular co‐operators of oncogenic KRAS in the lung remains ill‐defined. The innate immune cytosolic DNA sensor and pattern recognition receptor (PRR) Absent‐in‐melanoma 2 (AIM2) is best known for its assembly of multiprotein inflammasome complexes and promoting an inflammatory response. Here, we define a role for AIM2, independent of inflammasomes, in KRAS‐addicted lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). In genetically defined and experimentally induced (nicotine‐derived nitrosamine ketone; NNK) LAC mouse models harboring the KrasG12D driver mutation, AIM2 was highly upregulated compared with other cytosolic DNA sensors and inflammasome‐associated PRRs. Genetic ablation of AIM2 in KrasG12D and NNK‐induced LAC mouse models significantly reduced tumor growth, coincident with reduced cellular proliferation in the lung. Bone marrow chimeras suggest a requirement for AIM2 in KrasG12D‐driven LAC in both hematopoietic (immune) and non‐hematopoietic (epithelial) cellular compartments, which is supported by upregulated AIM2 expression in immune and epithelial cells of mutant KRAS lung tissues. Notably, protection against LAC in AIM2‐deficient mice is associated with unaltered protein levels of mature Caspase‐1 and IL‐1β inflammasome effectors. Moreover, genetic ablation of the key inflammasome adapter, ASC, did not suppress KrasG12D‐driven LAC. In support of these in vivo findings, AIM2, but not mature Caspase‐1, was upregulated in human LAC patient tumor biopsies. Collectively, our findings reveal that endogenous AIM2 plays a tumor‐promoting role, independent of inflammasomes, in mutant KRAS‐addicted LAC, and suggest innate immune DNA sensing may provide an avenue to explore new therapeutic strategies in lung cancer.
Demystifying diabetes health coaching: A scoping review unveiling the ‘who’ and ‘where’ of health coaching for adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Su Rita , Whitmore Carly , Alliston Paige , Tanzini Elise , Kouzoukas Erika , Marttila Jennifer , Dragonetti Rosa , Selby Peter , Sherifali Diana
Published: April 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic condition that requires ongoing self‐management. Diabetes health coaching interventions provide personalized healthcare programming to address physical and psychosocial aspects of diabetes self‐management.

Aims

This scoping review aims to explore the contexts and settings of diabetes health coaching interventions for adults with T2D, using the RE‐AIM framework.

Methods

A search was completed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Emcare, Embase and Cochrane. Included citations described adults with exclusively T2D who had received a health coaching intervention. Citations were excluded if they focused on any other types of diabetes or diabetes prevention.

Results

A total of 3418 records were identified through database and manual searches, with 29 citations selected for data extraction. Most health coaching interventions were delivered by health professionals, many employed lay health workers and a few included peer coaches. While many health coaching interventions were delivered remotely, in‐person intervention settings were distributed among primary care, community health settings and non‐healthcare sites.

Conclusion

The findings of this review suggest that diabetes health coaching may be implemented by a variety of providers in different settings. Further research is required to standardize training and implementation of health coaching and evaluate its long‐term effectiveness.
Effect of anaemia and iron deficiency in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Schupp Tobias , Weidner Kathrin , Reinhardt Marielen , Abel Noah , Schmitt Alexander , Lau Felix , Kittel Maximilian , Bertsch Thomas , Weiß Christel , Behnes Michael , Akin Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

Objective

The present study aims to clarify the prevalence and prognostic impact of anaemia and iron deficiency in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF).

Background

The prognostic impact of anaemia and iron deficiency in HFmrEF has not yet been clarified.

Methods

Consecutive patients with HFmrEF were retrospectively included at one institution from 2016 to 2022. Patients with anaemia (i.e. haemoglobin <13 g/dL in males and < 12 g/dL in females) were compared to patients without, respectively patients with or without iron deficiency. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality at 30 months (median follow‐up), secondary endpoints comprised HF‐related rehospitalisation.

Results

Two thousand one hundred and fifty four patients with HFmrEF with a median haemoglobin level of 12.2 g/dL were included. Anaemia was present in 52% of patients with HFmrEF and associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality (44% vs. 18%; HR = 3.021; 95% CI 2.552–3.576; p =.001) and HF‐related rehospitalisation (18% vs. 8%; HR = 2.351; 95% CI 1.819–3.040; p =.001) at 30 months, which was confirmed after multivariable adjustment. Although iron status was infrequently assessed in anaemics with HFmrEF (27%), the presence of iron deficiency was associated with higher risk of rehospitalisation for worsening HF (25% vs. 15%; HR = 1.746; 95% CI 1.024–2.976; p =.038), but not all‐cause mortality (p =.279) at 30 months.

Conclusion

Anaemia and iron deficiency are very common in atleast half of patients with HFmrEF and independently associated with adverse long‐term prognosis.
What are we worried about? Midlife married couples' financial concerns about their retirement
Authors: Yorgason Jeremy B. , Segel‐Karpas Dikla , Ermer Ashley , Weller Hailey , Owens Shenan , Wheeler Brandan E.
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study explored how marital financial collaboration and approval along with financial constructs predicted midlife couples' reports of retirement financial concerns.

Background

Retirement is an expected time of life that many couples plan for in advance. Despite knowing that years of life without regular income are anticipated, many people experience financial strain in retirement, which can impact their marital happiness.

Method

Data for this study came from a sample of 324 midlife (Mage = 44 years) couples that participated in the Flourishing Families study. We examined predictors of financial worries for retirement using dyadic probit regression models.

Results

Results suggested that both husbands and wives worried about having insufficient income and heavy debt in retirement, and that husbands had particular concerns about excess spending. Findings from predictive models suggested that husbands and wives both reported that better financial collaboration, husbands' approval of partners' financial behaviors, better physical health, and to some degree higher income, higher education, and having retirement savings, were protective against financial worries for retirement. In contrast, wives' reports of having retirement benefits and working more hours per week were risk factors.

Conclusion

Marital financial collaboration and approval of partner financial responsibility by both members of dyads may have lifelong benefits, including as couples prepare for retirement.

Implications

Efforts to provide greater access to retirement savings plans may also support couples from various social and economic backgrounds. Findings suggest that marital happiness in retirement could be increased as spouses work together in financial aspects of their lives.
World languages for Black Linguistic Reparations
Authors: Austin Tasha , Anya Uju
Published: April 2024

This conceptual work highlights the history of Black erasure throughout the existence of world languages (WLs) as a field of study in the United States. It outlines the unique challenges faced by African descended learners who have and continue to pursue WL study in US classrooms. These include but are not limited to reduced local funding and programmatic expectations due to the remnants of anti‐Black educational policies, monolingual and imperial language ideologies prevalent in texts and pedagogical approaches, and generations of segregation in and outside of schools. Finally, this work proposes WLs serve as a site of Black Linguistic Reparations through, (1) the redistribution of resources in the field, (2) the repair of enacted WL teaching to meet the calls of ACTFL's standards for preparing students for communication in a pluralistic society, and (3) a recreation of the “world” as narrated through a global, rather than a white Western lens.
Intrinsic capacity assessment using World Health Organization Integrated Care for Older People Step 1, and the association with frailty in community dwelling older adults
Authors: Zhou Ke , Ng Yee Sien , Tay Ee Ling , Mah Shi Min , Tay Laura
Published: April 2024

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the association between intrinsic capacity (IC) and frailty in community‐dwelling older adults. Specifically, we examined the utility of the World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People Step 1 screen for identifying frail older persons in the community.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional analysis of a community frailty screening initiative. IC loss was ascertained using the World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People Step 1 questions. The Clinical Frailty Scale was used to categorize participants as robust (Clinical Frailty Scale S1‐3) or frail (Clinical Frailty Scale ≥4). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of individual and cumulative IC losses with frailty, adjusting for confounders. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of using cumulative IC losses to identify frailty was assessed.

Results

This study included 1164 participants (28.2% frail). Loss in locomotion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.47, 95% CI 1.07–2.02), vitality (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04–2.39), sensory (AOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.51–2.64) and psychological capacities (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.45–2.56) were significantly associated with frailty. Loss in more than three IC domains was associated with frailty. Using loss in at least three ICs identifies frailty, with sensitivity of 38.6%, specificity of 83.5% and positive predictive value of 47.4%. Using loss in at least four ICs improved specificity to 96.9%, and is associated with the highest positive predictive value of 57.6% and highest positive likelihood ratio of 3.55 for frailty among all cut‐off values. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.64 (95% CI 0.61–0.68).

Conclusions

IC loss as identified through World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People Step 1 is associated with frailty community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 457–463.
Give me the newest! Effect of social exclusion on new products adoption
Authors: Liang Shichang , Lan Bin , Li Rulan , Zhang Min , Chu Yuxuan , Li Li
Published: April 2024

Scholars have explored the factors influencing new product adoption from various perspectives, such as product characteristics, personality traits, and marketing communication strategies. However, these studies lack the consideration of consumer social relationships. Thus, this study examined how social exclusion influences new product adoption. Three experiments involving 1372 participants indicated that social exclusion leads to a higher really new products adoption compared to social inclusion. The mediating factor in this relationship is the need for uniqueness. In contrast, no significant difference in incrementally new product adoption was found between socially excluded and included individuals. The above effects only exist in individuals with low self‐control. Individuals with high self‐control exhibit no significant difference in RNP adoption intention, whether they experience social exclusion or inclusion. These findings not only significantly increase the body of knowledge on social exclusion and new products, but also advise marketers on how to promote new products.
The effectiveness of maternal regulatory attempts in the development of infant emotion regulation
Authors: Segal Shira C. , Moulson Margaret C.
Published: April 2024

Caregivers are instrumental in the development of infant emotion regulation; however, few studies have focused on delineating the real‐time effectiveness of strategies that caregivers use to reduce infant distress. It is also unclear whether certain caregiver traits facilitate engagement in more successful regulation strategies. This study addressed these gaps by: (1) examining the differential effectiveness of maternal regulatory attempts (MRAs; behavioral strategies initiated by mothers to assist infants with regulating emotional states) in reducing 12‐ to 24‐month‐old infants' frustration during a toy removal task; and (2) assessing whether maternal mind‐mindedness (mothers' attunement to their infant's mental state) predicted mothers' selection of MRAs. Multilevel modeling revealed that distraction and control were the most effective MRAs in reducing infant negative affect across 5‐s intervals (N = 82 dyads; M infant age = 18 months; 45 females). Greater use of non‐attuned mind‐related speech predicted less engagement in effective MRAs, supporting a link between caregivers' socio‐cognitive skills and provision of in‐the‐moment regulation support. These findings highlight the value of considering caregiver regulatory behaviors as a target for elucidating how maternal socialization of emotion regulation occurs in real‐time. They also underscore mothers' important role as socializing agents in the development of this foundational developmental ability.
What discourses shape and reshape men's experiences of accessing mental health support?
Authors: Ferris‐Day Philip , Harvey Clare , Minton Claire , Donaldson Andrea
Published: April 2024

The research employs a single embodied case study design with the aim to examine the discourse of men accessing and receiving mental health support alongside those who are the providers of the support. Three groups of adults were interviewed: men who had experienced mental health problems and had attempted to access mental health support; lay people who supported them, such as partners and non‐mental health professionals and professionals, such as mental health nurses, social workers, clinical psychologists and general practitioners. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is used to identify discourses around three emergent themes: well‐being, power and dominance and social capital. Participants seeking mental health support often referred to mental health services as not listening or that what was offered was not useful. A lack of belonging and community disconnectedness was apparent throughout all participant interviews. The study is reported according to the COREQ guidelines.
The Future of the Philosophy of Work
Authors: Furendal Markus , Brouwer Huub , van der Deijl Willem
Published: April 2024

Work has always been a significant source of ethical questions, philosophical reflection, and political struggle. Although the future of work in a sense is always at stake, the issue is particularly relevant right now, in light of the advent of advanced AI systems and the collective experience of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This has reinvigorated philosophical discussion and interest in the study of the future of work. The purpose of this survey article is to provide an overview of the emerging philosophical field that engages with the future of work, with a special focus on equality and justice, and to outline a research agenda that can help the field to develop further. Section 2 provides some historical context for the current surge in interest in the topic. Then, we discuss what work is and whether there is a philosophy of work (Section 3). The four main sub‐debates we then turn to concern the value of work (Section 4), distributive justice and work (Section 5), productive justice (Section 6), and institutional reforms prompted by changes in how work is organized (Section 7). The final section discusses the importance of the distinction between ideal and non‐ideal theory in philosophical investigations into the future of work.
Engeletin alleviates depressive‐like behaviours by modulating microglial polarization via the LCN2/CXCL10 signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Jie , Song Zheng , Huo Yanchao , Li Guangqiang , Lu Liming , Wei Chuanmei , Zhang Shuping , Gao Xinfu , Jiang Xingyue , Xu Yangyang
Published: April 2024

Microglial polarization and associated inflammatory activity are the key mediators of depression pathogenesis. The natural Smilax glabra rhizomilax derivative engeletin has been reported to exhibit robust anti‐inflammatory activity, but no studies to date have examined the mechanisms through which it can treat depressive symptoms. We showed that treatment for 21 days with engeletin significantly alleviated depressive‐like behaviours in chronic stress social defeat stress (CSDS) model mice. T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) imaging revealed no significant differences between groups, but the bilateral prefrontal cortex of CSDS mice exhibited significant increases in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values relative to normal control mice, with a corresponding reduction in fractional anisotropy, while engeletin reversed all of these changes. CSDS resulted in higher levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐a production, enhanced microglial activation, and greater M1 polarization with a concomitant decrease in M2 polarization in the mPFC, whereas engeletin treatment effectively abrogated these CSDS‐related pathological changes. Engeletin was further found to suppress the LCN2/C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) signalling axis such that adeno‐associated virus‐induced LCN2 overexpression ablated the antidepressant effects of engeletin and reversed its beneficial effects on the M1/M2 polarization of microglia. In conclusion, engeletin can alleviate CSDS‐induced depressive‐like behaviours by regulating the LCN2/CXCL10 pathway and thereby altering the polarization of microglia. These data suggest that the antidepressant effects of engeletin are correlated with the polarization of microglia, highlighting a potential avenue for future design of antidepressant strategies that specifically target the microglia.
Irradiated riboflavin over nonradiated one: Potent antimigratory, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on glioblastoma cells
Authors: Kacar Sedat , Hacioglu Ceyhan , Kar Fatih
Published: April 2024

Riboflavin is a water‐soluble yellowish vitamin and is controversial regarding its effect on tumour cells. Riboflavin is a powerful photosensitizer that upon exposure to radiation, undergoes an intersystem conversion with molecular oxygen, leading to the production of ROS. In the current study, we sought to ascertain the impact of irradiated riboflavin on C6 glioblastoma cells regarding proliferation, cell death, oxidative stress and migration. First, we compared the proliferative behaviour of cells following nonradiated and radiated riboflavin. Next, we performed apoptotic assays including Annexin V and caspase 3, 7 and 9 assays. Then we checked on oxidative stress and status by flow cytometry and ELISA kits. Finally, we examined inflammatory change and levels of MMP2 and SIRT1 proteins. We caught a clear antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of irradiated riboflavin compared to nonradiated one. Therefore, we proceeded with our experiments using radiated riboflavin. In all apoptotic assays, we observed a dose‐dependent increase. Additionally, the levels of oxidants were found to increase, while antioxidant levels decreased following riboflavin treatment. In the inflammation analysis, we observed elevated levels of both pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, after treatment, we observed reduced levels of MMP2 and SIRT. In conclusion, radiated riboflavin clearly demonstrates superior antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on C6 cells at lower doses compared to nonradiated riboflavin.
Temperature‐related increase in growth rate in four freshwater lake fish species
Authors: Tien Nicola S. H. , de Leeuw Joep J. , van Rijssel Jacco C. , van der Hammen Tessa , Volwater Joey J. J.
Published: April 2024

Growth is one of the most direct and common ways fish respond to climate change, as fish growth is intimately linked to the temperature of the environment. Observational studies on the effect of shifts in temperature on fish growth are scarce for freshwater fish, and particularly lacking for lake populations. Here, changes in growth rate of bream (Abramis brama), perch (Perca fluviatilis), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), and roach (Rutilus rutilus) over three decades were studied and compared with changes in temperature in the two largest lakes of western Europe: Lake IJsselmeer and Lake Markermeer in the Netherlands. In the autumnal survey catches of bream, perch, and roach, the mean length of YOY increased significantly between 1992 and 2021 in both lakes, but for YOY pikeperch, no temporal changes were found. In a length‐stratified dataset of age groups of bream, roach, and perch, the relationship between length and age differed significantly between time periods. In the more recent time periods, indications for higher growth rates across multiple ages were found. Temperature during the growth season increased in the same decades and showed significant correlations with the YOY mean length, for bream, perch, and roach in both lakes, and for pikeperch in Lake Markermeer. These results point toward consistent temperature‐induced increases in growth over the age groups for bream, roach, and perch. These increases were found despite the simultaneous process of de‐eutrophication in this water system and its potential negative effect on food production. For pikeperch, it is hypothesized that the absence of temporal increase in YOY growth rate is related to its necessary switch to piscivory and subsequent food limitation; the lower thermal range of its main prey smelt, Osmerus eperlanus, is hypothesized to have inhibited food availability for YOY pikeperch and its opportunity to achieve higher growth rates.
From bedside‐to‐model: Designing clinical prediction rules for implementation
Authors: Haimovich Adrian D. , Deardorff W. James
Published: April 2024

This editorial comments on the article by Herasevich et al.
Sertoli–Leydig tumor and DICER1 gene mutation: A case series and literature review
Authors: Durden Andrew A , Cass Gemma K. , Newton Claire
Published: April 2024

Objective

Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are rare neoplasms occurring in young women with 60% associated with DICER1 mutations. This is only the second published case series of patients with SLCTs with associated DICER1 gene alterations. DICER1 syndrome is a rare inherited tumor‐susceptibility syndrome affecting organs such as the ovaries. We use this case series to inform readers on this increasingly important condition in gynecology.

Methods and Results

We present three young females presenting with secondary amenorrhoea, hirsutism, acne and in one case tonic–clonic seizures. All cases had high testosterone levels and an adnexal mass on ultrasound. Following surgical removal, pathology confirmed SLCTs and genetic testing followed. All three patients had DICER1 syndrome with two patients subsequently found to be related.

Discussion

The prevalence of DICER1 syndrome in the population is estimated to be 1 in 10 000 with a spectrum of sex cord stromal tumors affecting young women. The associated pathological classifications and management. This paper describes the DICER1 gene and the associated tumor predisposition syndrome alongside a surveillance protocol for use in clinical practice. It promotes discussion over the importance of early clinical genetics involvement in sex‐cord stromal tumors and the associated difficulties in counseling in a young patient population. Genetic testing and early detection are imperative for targeted surveillance of at‐risk organs to be performed but despite this there is no international guidance. The cases highlight the psychological impact of tumors in young patients and provokes an ethical discussion over DICER1 gene's inclusion in preimplantation genetics.

Conclusions

DICER1 syndrome is a rare but increasingly important condition in pediatric and adolescent gynecology with a paucity of published data and case reports. This makes international consensus on management and surveillance difficult.
A case study in developmental discontinuity: PROSPER Interventions and adolescent substance use trajectories shape young adult substance use and mental health problems
Authors: Fosco Gregory M. , Fang Shichen , Chen Lan , Feinberg Mark E. , Spoth Richard
Published: April 2024

The loss of John Schulenberg reverberates across the developmental and prevention sciences. In honor of his many contributions, this paper applies his ideas of developmental continuity and discontinuity to understand the process by which PROSPER delivered universal prevention programs (delivered in Grades 6 and 7) affect young adult outcomes. Guided by these developmental models, we deconstructed adolescent substance use initiation trajectories into two discrete phases–early and late adolescence, demarcated by substance use initiation levels at the end of 9th grade. We evaluated the effects of PROSPER interventions on these phases, and in turn, the effects of adolescent substance use initiation on young adult antisocial behavior, alcohol and drug use consequences, and depression symptoms. This sample included 1,984 young adults who participated in the PROSPER intervention trial in Grade 6 (two cohorts, 2002 and 2003), followed over 8 adolescent measurement occasions (Fall and Spring of Grade 6; Spring of Grades 7–12). Young adult outcomes were averaged across three waves (collected at ages 20, 23, and 25). PROSPER interventions were associated with reduced substance use initiation in early adolescence, but not escalation during late adolescence. In turn, substance use in both early and late adolescence was uniquely associated with young adult antisocial behavior, depression symptoms, and substance use consequences. PROSPER interventions were associated with young adult antisocial behavior and problematic substance use via reduced risk for early initiation status. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental continuity and discontinuity.
Maryland School Health partners' Perspectives on the Impact of COVID‐19 on School Health Services for Grades K‐12
Authors: Ambrosino Christina , Beharry Kelly , Kallem Medha , Johnson Sara B. , Connor Katherine A. , Collins Megan E.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted routine school operations, including school health programs. This study aims to describe the pandemic's impact on school health service delivery from the perspective of Maryland school health partners.

METHODS

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with health service representatives from public schools (K‐12) between July and December 2021. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded through an iterative process to develop analytic themes.

RESULTS

Twenty school health partners from 15 Maryland school districts participated. Participants identified key impacts of COVID‐19 on school health: (1) COVID‐19 disrupted delivery of services such as dental, mental health, and preventative care, (2) COVID‐19 necessitated changes in service delivery platforms, (3) COVID‐19 affected school health staff through increased responsibilities and staffing shortages, and (4) COVID‐19 prompted schools to become hubs for community outreach and health education.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

Consideration of school health service disruptions and the increased demands on service providers may inform future priorities for school administrators, health departments, and policymakers.

CONCLUSIONS

COVID‐19 impacted the timing and method of service delivery as well as the roles of school health staff and schools themselves in public health and education.
Comparison of culture‐dependent and ‐independent bacterial detection results on nasal swabs in dogs with nasal discharge
Authors: Vangrinsven E. , Duprez J. N. , Meex C. , Taminiau B. , Daube G. , Billen F. , Mainil J. , Clercx C.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The role of bacterial communities in the pathophysiology of canine nasal disease is still unclear. How and when to treat dogs with suspected secondary bacterial rhinitis and on which test to rely before making a decision to treat with antimicrobials has not been established. The objective is to compare the results of bacterial identification using agar‐plate cultures and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in dogs with nasal discharge suspected to be of bacterial origin.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐nine client‐owned dogs presented for investigation of nasal disease were included in the study. Paired swabs were collected from the same affected nasal cavity. One swab was streaked on 4 agar media (Columbia Blood Agar, MacConkey, Chapman and Edward's). The other swab was stored in a sterile cryotube at −80°. Extracted DNA underwent a polymerase chain reaction targeting the V1‐V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results

At least one of the species detected by amplicon sequencing with a relative abundance of >10% was also identified by culture in 14 cases (48.3%), in association with marked predominance of one taxon (>80% relative abundance) in six of 14 cases. In 12 dogs (41.4%), the cultured isolates were rare or undetected components of the corresponding sequence libraries. A negative culture in the face of bacterial predominance (>50% relative abundance) of a potentially pathogenic bacteria detected by sequencing occurred in 17% (n=5) of cases; however, the use of other agar media may have decreased this percentage.

Clinical Significance

Standard culture does not reliably predict the bacterial profile detected by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.