bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecografía neuromuscular en la diferenciación entre neuropatía porfírica desmielinizante y axonal
Authors: Acosta Gutiérrez Harold , Diaz Ruiz Jorge Arturo Ruiz
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Las porfirias son enfermedades hereditarias secundarias a mutación de genes que codifican para proteínas necesarias en el metabolismo de hemo, se presenta con una incidencia de 1:1700 y los ataques agudos sólo se presentan en 1% de estos, aún menos frecuente es la polineuropatía porfírica que clásicamente se ha descrito de características axonales, aunque se han reportado algunos casos de desmielinización primaria.
Presentación de caso. Femenina de 26 años con antecedente de porfiria intermitente aguda quien presenta paresia distal en las 4 extremidades de predominio en miembros inferiores asociado a hipoestesia en bota y guante. Las neuroconducciones mostraban latencias prolongadas y disminución en las velocidades de conducción compatibles con desmielinización, la electromiografía evidenció denervación y reinervación. En la ecografía neuromuscular se encontraron nervios con área de corte transversal (CSA) normal o disminuido.
Conclusión. El hallazgo de nervios con CSA normal o disminuido es poco probable en neuropatías desmielinizantes y compatible con degeneración axonal. La ecografía neuromuscular podría mejorar el rendimiento diagnostico de los estudios electrofisiológicos para diferencias polineuropatía primariamente axonal o desmielinizante.
An Investigation of Audit Expectation Gap in Indonesia’s Public Sector
Authors: Pramono Agus Joko , Hanief Riefqi
Published: July 2022

The audit expectation gap has been studied since the early 1970s, and several approaches have been used to resolve this problem. However, such a gap persists both in the private and public sectors. Meanwhile, there are only a few studies related to this topic in the public sector, so the need to undertake more research in this area is encouraged. This study investigates to what extent the audit expectation gap occurs in Indonesia’s public sector. It also examines the effectiveness of the additional information in the audit report as mandated by the state financial auditing standards (SPKN, 2017) in closing the gap. A questionnaire was developed and administered to auditors, government officers, and students to capture their views. ANCOVA and Kruskal-Wallis were used to analyze the data collected from the questionnaires. The study discovered that the audit expectation gap in Indonesia’s public sector is related to the auditor’s responsibility. Such a gap is also found in frauds and errors in unqualified financial statements.
Factors Determining Low Regional Financial Independence: Financial Autonomy and Degree of Decentralization
Authors: Agustina Frida , Pramono Agus Joko , Akbar Bahrullah , Alma'arif Alma'arif
Published: July 2022

This study aims to assess the Tulang Bawang Regency's fiscal independence and determine the factors that affect it. This study used the data of the 2015-2019 Statement of Budget Realization of Tulang Bawang Barat Regency and primary data from interviews. The research method applies a qualitative approach with an inductive methodology using several financial ratios such as the effectiveness of Local Own-source Revenue management, the ratio of the degree of decentralization, the ratio of regional financial dependence, and the ratio of regional financial independence. Based on the results, the ratio of regional financial independence shows an average of 1.54%, within the 0-25% interval, and classified under the shallow criteria. It may be inferred that regional financial independence in meeting its funding needs for the administration of government affairs is still very low. The regional financial dependence ratio shows an average of 85.99%, categorized as a very high dependency. The calculation of the ratio results proves that the local own-source revenue of Tulang Bawang Barat Regency is still low. Furthermore, a large number of mandatory spending from the central government and national budgeting politics causes the regional financial independence of Tulang Bawang Barat Regency to become low.
The Effect of Financial Audit Guidelines and Fraud Detection Awareness on Quality Audit Results During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nendiarie Sonly , Musyarofah Siti , Tarjo Tarjo
Published: July 2022

Many elements of society have experience disadvantages as a result of an array of problems in financial reporting. Given the preceding situation, a financial statement audit conducted by the auditor as an independent party is expected to achieve reliable audit quality. However, under the current situation of the pandemic, the auditor faced numerous challenges that have never been encountered before in carrying out audits. An Auditor must be more creative in conducting audits and comply with audit standards. The possibility of fraud risk in financial audits is also greater during the pandemic. This study aims to explain the role of financial audit guidelines and fraud detection awareness in providing quality audit results during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted upon auditors of BPK Representative of East Java province who were involved in financial audits. There were 91 respondents involved in this study. The research method applied multiple regression data analysis with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach through the help of the SmartPLS 3.0 program. The study would produce financial audit guidance variables and fraud detection awareness that will significantly positively affect quality audit results.
The Effect of Skepticism, Time Pressure, and Remote Audit During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Audit Quality: A Study of Auditors’ Perception
Authors: Saputro Kristiyanto Bayu , Mappanyukki Ratna
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to determine the impact of professional skepticism, audit time pressure, and remote audit during the COVID-19 pandemic on audit quality and the effect of remote audits on the relationship between professional skepticism and audit quality. The study was conducted through a questionnaire survey to The Audit Board of The Republic of Indonesia (BPK RI) auditors and analyzed using Smart PLS quantitative analysis methods. The results showed that professional skepticism, audit time pressure, and remote audit affected audit quality. Meanwhile, the remote audit does not moderate the relationship between professional skepticism and audit quality, classified as predictor moderation.
Analisis Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 5 Kota Bima Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Rezika Aliffianti Tara , Kurniati Nani , Humaira Salsabila Nilza , Turmuzi Muhammad
Published: July 2022

This study aims to describe mathematical communication skills in terms of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles on the material of a two-variable linear equation system. The type of research is descriptive research. The research instrument are learning style questionnaire, a mathematical communication skill test, and an interview guide. Taking the subject in this study by purposive sampling, obtained 6 students of class VIII-1 SMPN 5 Bima City where 2 students with visual learning styles, 2 students with auditory learning styles, and 2 students with kinesthetic learning styles. The six students were given questions about mathematical communication skills tests and interviews. The results are mathematical communication skills of students with visual learning style is in the sufficient category, and students with auditory and kinesthetic learning styles had mathematical communication skills which are in less category. This is indicated by students with visual learning style who are able to fulfill the indicators of writing and mathematical expression but are not able to fulfill the indicators of drawing. Students with auditory learning style and kinesthetic learning style are not able to fulfill the indicators of writing, mathematical expression, and drawing.
Hubungan Persepsi dalam Pembelajaran Online dengan Kemandirian Belajar dan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa SMP Negeri 17 Mataram
Authors: Permatasari Riani , Sripatmi Sripatmi , Wahidaturrahmi Wahidaturrahmi , Hayati Laila
Published: July 2022

This correlation study aims to describe students' perceptions in online learning, learning independence, and student achievement and to determine the relationship between student perceptions in online learning and learning independence and student achievement. The population is all eighth grade students at SMP Negeri 17 Mataram for the 2020/2021 academic year. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique and the samples obtained were students of class VIIIC. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire on student perceptions in online learning, student learning independence questionnaire, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis technique using Pearson correlation test. The results of data analysis show that: (1) students' perceptions in online learning are mostly in the sufficient category, students' learning independence is mostly in the good category and student achievement is mostly in the bad category; (2) There is a relationship between students' perceptions and learning independence and includes a positive correlation. (3) There is a correlation between students' perceptions of online learning and student achievement, including a negative correlation; (4) there is a correlation between learning independence and student achievement including a negative correlation. For this reason, apart from perceptions, learning independence and learning achievement, it is also a good idea to look at the motivation, talent and interest in student learning.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau Dari Adversity Quotient Pada Materi Fungsi Kuadrat
Authors: Hifyatin Silma Safira , Hayati Laila , Novitasari Dwi , Sarjana Ketut
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the mathematical creative thinking ability of MAN 2 Mataram students who have the adversity quotient of climber, camper, and quitter types in the quadratic function material. The type of research used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The research instrument used was an adversity quotient questionnaire, a mathematical creative thinking ability test, and an interview guide. The research sampling technique used purposive sampling, obtained by class XI IPA MAN 2 Mataram where 4 students with climber type adversity quotient, 23 students with camper type, and 5 students with quitter type. All students were given a mathematical creative thinking ability test, and from each type of adversity quotient, 2 students were taken for interview. The results of this study indicate that the creative thinking ability of students who have the climber type adversity quotient gets an average of 58.33 in the creative category. Furthermore, the mathematical creative thinking ability of students who have the adversity quotient of the camper type obtained an average of 36.59 with the category of being quite creative. And finally, the mathematical creative thinking ability of students who have an adversity quotient of the quitter type gets an average of 10.00 in the non-creative category.
Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Mataram Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Halilianti Baiq Yuspita , Sripatmi Sripatmi , Azmi Syahrul , Sridana Nyoman
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to describe the mathematical problem solving ability of eighth grade students of SMPN 6 Mataram in terms of visual, auditory and kinesthetic student learning styles. In this study, the writer used design of qualitative-descriptive with a quantitative approach. The instruments used are student learning style questionnaires, problem-solving ability test questions, and interview guidelines.   The results of filling out the questionnaire via google form, there are 191 eighth grade students who fill out a questionnaire with details of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles sequentially are 84, 70, 37. Afterwards, with purposive sampling technique, one class is selected to work on the test questions and 2 students from each learning style to be interviewed. The results of this study are students with visual learning styles have higher problem solving abilities than students with auditory and kinesthetic learning styles at each stage of problem solving. Students with visual learning styles are very good at understanding problems, good at planning, sufficient in the stage of carrying out solutions, and less in the stage of looking back. Students with an auditory learning style are good at understanding problems, sufficient at the stage of planning and implementing solutions, but very less in the stage of looking back. Meanwhile, students with a kinesthetic learning style are very good at understanding the problem, sufficient at the stage of implementing the plan, but very less at the stage of making plans and looking back.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Artikulasi terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Wijaksono Ahmad Surya , Subarinah Sri , Hikmah Nurul , Azmi Syahrul
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the articulation type cooperative learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of eighth grade junior high school students. The research design used was a quasi-experimental design with a post-test only control group design, namely the experimental subjects in the control class and the experimental class were not chosen randomly and the experimental class was given treatment using an articulation type cooperative learning model while the control class was not given any treatment. The population in this study were all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 19 Mataram in the 2018/2019 academic year. The number of students in this population is 188 students spread over 6 classes. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique and selected class VIII-A as the experimental class and VIII-B as the control class. The instruments used to obtain the data are student activity observation sheets and test questions used to obtain learning outcomes data. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the t-test at an error rate of 5%. The data obtained showed that the experimental class learning outcomes increased by 20.67% (from 54.2 to 74.87) while the control class learning outcomes increased by 16.34% (from 51.47 to 67.81). Statistical analysis of student learning outcomes obtained is 2.01 > 1.99. The results of the statistical analysis are supported by an increase in student activity at each meeting, namely in each meeting the students in the experimental class apply the articulation type cooperative learning model so that students are actively involved during the learning process.
Kesalahan-Kesalahan Siswa pada Materi Pecahan
Authors: Suardi Suparli , EL Hakim Lukman , Aziz Tian Abdul
Published: July 2022

This article aims to analyze articles about student errors in solving problems related to fractions. This article was written using a literature review. The literature used consists of journal articles and books related to the topic of discussion. There are 20 articles to analyze. The articles collected are national articles obtained from Google Scholar, Sinta, and Perpusnas. This article is published in the last 10 years. From the articles collected, the authors summarize all the errors obtained from the results of previous studies, then explain how the error was made and the cause of the error. Based on the literature review, the authors found errors made by students in the fractions theory, including; reading error, understanding error, transformation error, process skill error, error in writing answers (encoding), error in planning problem solving, errors in carrying out problem-solving plans, conceptual error, principle error, random error. The causes of the error, including; lack of student interest in learning mathematics, lack of effort made in working on the given problem, discontinuous way of learning, and lack of mastery of prerequisite theory.
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG DAUN KELOR MUDA (MORINGA OLEIFERA) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAKAN BUATAN PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN MAS (Cyprinus Carpio)
Authors: Naria Duri Kelao , Lumbessy Salnida Yuniarti , Lestari Dewi Putri
Published: July 2022

Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan konsumsi yang termasuk komoditas perikanan air tawar yang memiliki prospek yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemanfaatan tepung daun kelor muda (Moringa Oleifera) sebagai bahan baku pakan buatan pada budidaya ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, perlakuan P1 (kontrol), P2 (10% tepung daun kelor), P3 (20% tepung daun kelor), P4 (30% tepung daun kelor). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Penambahan tepung daun kelor pada pakan dengan dosis berbeda dapat mempengaruhi berat mutlak, FCR, EPP dan kelangsungan hidup Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) tetapi tidak mempengaruhi panjang mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik. Penambahan tepung daun kelor 30% pada pakan ikan mas merupakan perlakuan terbaik, karena dapat memberikan berat mutlak sebesar 5.09 g, FCR sebesar 1.86% , EPP sebesar 53.95% dan SR sebesar 86.67%  pada budidaya ikan mas
PENINGKATAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN SPESIFIK IKAN LELE (Clarias sp) DENGAN SUPLEMENTASI VITAMIN C PADA PAKAN
Authors: Abadi Agung , Romboisano Novela W , Lalaem Yati M , Ernawati  , Hismayasari Intannurfemi B , Puspitasari Asthervina W , Saidin
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi vitamin C pada pakan terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR) dan pertambahan bobot ikan (BWI). Tingginya produksi ikan lele membutuhkan peningkatan pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan vitamin C pada pakan sebesar 200 mg/L (A), 400 mg/L (B), 600 mg/L (C) dan Kontrol (K). Penambahan vitamin C pada pakan dilakukan dengan melarutkan vitamin C pada air kemudian ditambahkan pada pakan sesuai dosis. Hasil analisi anova data menggunakan SPSS 16 menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata sig>0.05 dengan nilai pada Laju pertumbuhan Spesifik (SGR) berturut B 5,41 %bw/d, C 4,90 %bw/d, A 2,41 %bw/d, dan K 1, 69 %bw/d, begitu juga  dengan nilai BWI berturut-turut B 89%, C 86%, A 62% dan K 45%. Suplementasi vitamin C pada pakan secara statistik tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap peningkatan laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan prosentase indek pertambahan berat.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma cottonii PADA PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Burhani Regina , Diniarti Nanda , Lestari Dewi Putri
Published: July 2022

Ikan nila merupakan salah satu dari jenis ikan air tawar yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Salah satu yang menjadi permasalahan dalam kegiatan budidaya adalah harga bahan baku pakan yang relatif mahal. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, penggunaan tepung rumput laut dapat menjadi salah satu bahan alternatif dalam mengurangi pengunaan tepung ikan dan tepung kedelai pada pakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa pengaruh penambahan tepung rumput laut E. cottonii pada pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila (O. niloticus). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu P1 (kontrol/ tanpa tepung rumput laut), P2 (tepung E. cottonii 4%), P3 (tepung E. cottonii 8%), P4 (tepung E. cottonii 12%). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisa sidik ragam (ANOVA) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung rumput laut E. cottonii pada pakan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan berat mutlak dan pertumbuhan panjang mutlak pada ikan nila, akan tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik, efesiensi pemanfaatan pakan, rasio konversi pakan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila.
REVIEW TEKNIK BUDIDAYA UDANG PADA TAMBAK PLASTIK (BUSMETIK)
Authors: Fatalattof. A Ammar , Yustiati Ayi , Andriani Yuli
Published: July 2022

Budidaya udang sejak dulu sudah menjadi primadona dalam dunia akuakultur Indonesia dan saat ini pun masih tetap menjadi salah satu komoditas perikanan budidaya prioritas Nasional. Kebutuhan pasar budidaya udang dalam negeri dan luar negeri dapat dipenuhi oleh nilai ekonomi udang yang tinggi. Ada banyak model desain wadah dan sistem budidaya udang yang telah dikembangkan dan digunakan oleh para pembudidaya mulai dari yang tradisional hingga modern. Pengembangan dari teknologi budidaya dengan memanfaatkan lahan marjinal dengan menggunakan plastik sebagai wadah pemeliharaan budidaya dinamakan sebagai teknologi “Busmetik”, ukuran wadah yang relatif kecil antara 600m2 – 1000m2 digunakan agar dapat mendorong wirausahawan muda atau yang baru terjun dibidang pertambakan. Budidaya udang membutuhkan dana besar baik dalam investasi maupun biaya-biaya operasional dalam kegiatannya sehingga para wirausahawan muda menjadi pesimis dalam memulai usaha budidaya udang. Pihak perbankan dapat diyakinkan oleh para wirausahawan muda dengan teknologi Busmetik ini karena dapat memberikan solusi yang saling menguntungkan antara wirausahawan dan perbankan. Ada beberapa hal yang melatarbelakangi teknologi Busmetik ini yakni udang yang saat ini tengah menjadi sorotan utama dalam usaha budidaya, memiliki pasar yang stabil, kualitas dari lingkungan yang terus menurun, sulitnya mengelola tambak dengan luas >2000m2, jenis-jenis tanah yang digunakan menjadi petakan tambak agar mendukung Dirjen Perikanan Budidaya dalam program budidaya udang.
PENGARUH UMUR PANEN TERHADAP PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN, BIOMASSA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS RUMPUT LAUT Kappapycus alavarezii DI TELUK WAWORADA
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Kautsari Neri , Mardhia Dwi , Ahdiansyah Yudi , Bachri Syamsul , Abdillah Didit
Published: July 2022

Teluk Waworada adalah perairan di Kabupaten Bima yang telah lama dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian masyarakat untuk budidaya rumput laut. Terdapat variasi usia panen pada tingkat petani yang disebabkan petani belum mengetahui usia panen yang tepat untuk rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii yang ditanam di Teluk Waworada. Selama ini belum ada penelitian terkait usia panen yang tepat di Teluk Waworada. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui usia panen yang tepat dalam budidaya K. alvarezii di perairan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Teluk Waworada, Kecamatan Langgudu, Kabupaten Bima, Nusa Tenggara Barat dari bulan November 2021 hingga Januari 2022. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini ialah usia panen 35, 45 dan 55 hari. Variabel pengamatan yaitu pertumbuhan mutlak, laju pertumbuhan, biomassa basah dan kering, produktivitas dan kualitas perairan (suhu, oksigen terlarut, salinitas, pH, kecerahan, arus). Metode penanman rumput laut meggunakan metode longline. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi diperoleh pada usia panen 55 hari (115.70±1.71 g) dan terendah pada usia panen 35 hari (55.10±6.62 g). Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada pertumbuhan mutlak antar perlakuan. Laju pertumbuhan tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan dengan kisaran nilai 1.09±0.24 hingga 3.55±1.39 %hari-1. Biomassa basah berkisar 10,022±397.22 g 12m-1 (usia panen 55 hari) hingga (6,306±149.92 g 12m-1) (usia panen 35 hari). Biomassa kering berkidsar antara 670±34.12 g 12m-1 hingga 1,016±53.78 g 12m-1. Produktivitas berkisar antara 0.04 hingga 0.07 g berat kering m−2 hari−1. Nilai kualitas air rata yaitu suhu 32.40 0C, oksigen terlarut 5.84 mg l-1,  salinitas 32 ppt, pH 7.30, kecerahan 2.50 m dan arus 14 cm detik-1.
PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN PADA SISTEM AKUAPONIK DENGAN PADAT TEBAR YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Irania Khadijah , Arthana I Wayan , Kartika Gde Raka Angga
Published: July 2022

Akuaponik adalah gabungan teknologi akuakultur dengan teknologi hidroponik dalam satu sistem untuk menciptakan suatu simbiotik antara keduanya. Komponen utama dalam sistem akuaponik adalah ikan, dimana limbah kotoran ikan dan sisa pakan sebagai pasokan nutrisi sangat bergantung untuk tanaman air. Padat tebar merupakan salah satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam budidaya ikan sistem akuaponik. Peningkatan padat tebar yang tidak sesuai dapat menyebabkan dampak buruk yang merugikan pembudidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan tingkat kepadatan terbaik ikan nila yang dipelihara dalam sistem akuaponik. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 40 hari pada April-Juni 2022 di Laboratorium Perikanan, Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Udayana, Bali. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 (tiga) perlakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 3 kali ulangan. Padat tebar yang digunakan yaitu perlakuan I dengan padat tebar 100 ekor, perlakuan II 150 ekor, perlakuan III 200 ekor. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa padat tebar ikan yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan bobot dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan III dengan rerata 87,3%, pertumbuhan bobot tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan I dengan rerata 3,29 gram, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan I sebesar 4,67%.
A Contestação de um Profeta
Authors: Lustosa Oscar de Figueiredo
Published: July 2022

Bartolomeu de Las Casas se projetou no cenário da expansão colonizadora do século XVI como uma figura controvertida em suas posições e se projeta, até hoje, na historiografia, não apenas como um escritor fecundo e polivalente, mas ainda como a encarnação de opções e comportamentos, sujeitos a interpretações contraditórias. Isto porque os problemas que ele enfrentou, as situações que viveu, as pistas de equacionamento que abriu repetem-se sob formas e feitios variados, na vivência de gerações sucessivas...
O Sagrado e a Cultura
Authors: Oliveira J. A. Netto de
Published: July 2022

O livro O Exorcista de William Peter Blatty, best-seller dos últimos meses, ocupando o primeiro lugar entre os livros mais vendidos em muitas capitais, lançou em muitos espíritos angústias e interrogações sobre a possibilidade da possessão demoníaca. Posteriormente o filme com o mesmo título vem provocando cenas de histeria nas salas de cinema, espalhando o terror em muitas consciências, enchendo os consultórios dos psiquiatras e restituindo aos sacerdotes um lugar dentro de uma sociedade secularizada: ele é o único credenciado para enfrentar o inimigo invisível...
Structural rearrangement of organs of white mice vaccinated with Yersinia pestis EV in combination with organoselenium compound 974zh
Authors: Dubrovina V. I. , Starovoytova T. P. , Yurieva O. V. , Vityazeva S. A. , Pyatidesyatnikova A. B. , Ivanova T. A. , Korytov K. M. , Mukhturgin G. B. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. An urgent direction is the search for means that increase the effectiveness of the Y. pestis EV NIIEG vaccine and reduce the side pathological manifestations caused by it. Organoselenium compounds have immunotropic properties and increase the antioxidant potential of the body, as well as have an antidystrophic effect and an antiallergic effect. Materials of the study of the immunomodulating effect of the experimental selenium-containing compound 2,6-dipyridinium-9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dibromide (974zh) on the macroorganism of laboratory animals are presented.The aim. To evaluate the effect of the organoselenium compound 974zh on the structural rearrangement of the organs of experimental animals in the dynamics of the vaccine process caused by Y. pestis EV.Methods. The study was carried out on 70 certified outbred white mice. Histological material (thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, adrenal glands, liver) was embedded in paraffin, semi-thin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, thionin, and by the Brachet method. The severity of pathological changes in the liver and adrenal glands, proliferation of plasma cells and structural changes in immunocompetent organs (thymus, lymph nodes and spleen) were assessed. Microphotography and quantitative analysis were performed using MoticImagesPlus 2.0. Statistical processing was carried out using the computer program Statistica.Results. It has been established that the combined administration of 974zh and Y. pestis EV leads to morphological and functional restructuring of immunocompetent organs, enhances the proliferation of plasma cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, and eliminates negative changes in the liver and adrenal glands. Conclusion. Thus, the 974zh preparation enhances the immunogenic effect of the Y. pestis EV vaccine strain, increasing the T- and B-dependent zones of the spleen and lymph nodes, increasing the proliferation of plasma cells, and also significantly reduces pathological changes in the liver and adrenal glands.
Assessment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction following anthracyclinebased chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Sumin A. N. , Shcheglova A. V. , Slepynina Yu. S. , Ivanova A. V. , Polikutina O. M.
Published: July 2022

Cardiotoxicity is a side effect of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Clinical and prognostic significance of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in heart failure patients is undeniable.The aim. To assess dynamic changes in the left ventricular diastolic function after anthracycline-based chemotherapy (ANT) in breast cancer patients.Material and methods. The study included 40 women aged 35 to 72 years with breast cancer (BC) undergoing ANT chemotherapy. The main group (n = 40) consisted of women with breast cancer examined at admission, after 6 months the same women (n = 37) were examined again. Women without breast cancer (n = 25) were used as the control group.Results. Dynamic changes in mitral annular velocities were revealed by Doppler tissue imaging. Lateral early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e’ lateral) was significantly lower in breast cancer patients as compared to the control group (p = 0.031). Six months after ANT chemotherapy, there was a definite increase in the lateral late diastolic mitral annular velocity (a’ lateral) (p = 0.033). Average early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic velocity (E/e’ lateral) ratio was within the normative values in all groups, but E/e’ lateral in the main group was higher compared to the control group (p = 0.003). In the main group, septal early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e’ septal) was lower compared to the control group (p = 0.0005). Moreover, an increase in the septal mitral annular velocity (a’ septal) (p = 0.01) and higher E/e’ septal ratio (p = 0.011) were revealed during dynamic observation. Multiple logistic regression disclosed that E/A, e’ lateral, e’/a’ lateral, and E/e’ lateral were affected by heart rate, psychological status, age, hypertension, and body mass index, but not anthracycline chemotherapy. The total dose of anthracycline was independently associated with e’ septal and E/e’ septal: F(4.18) = 16.466 (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.775) and F(3.16) = 7.271 (p = 0.004; R2 = 0.627).Conclusion. Left ventricular diastolic function worsens in women undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy for breast cancer (lower e’, e’/a’ lateral, and e’ septal, higher E/e’ septal ratio). However, anthracycline does not significantly affect LVEF and LV deformation indicators. E/e’ septalande’ septal are independently associated with the total dose of anthracycline.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of polyfunctional benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Zaitseva Yu. V. , Egorov D. O. , Begunov R. S. , Khlopotinin A. I.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Compounds based on fused imidazole derivatives can become the basis for the development of a new generation of clinical therapeutic agents for more effective treatment of resistant human bacterial infections. This requires research, including the design, synthesis, and screening of biologically active compounds of this group.The aim. To study the effect of polyfunctional benzimidazole derivatives on the survival of Escherichia coli AB1157 culture and its ability to form biofilms.Methods. The antibacterial activity of the studied compounds was evaluated using the serial dilution method. Modeling of the formation of biofilms was carried out in the wells of an immunological plate with subsequent staining of the biomass with crystal violet.Results. The inhibitory activity of some of the studied compounds on the formation of biofilms by the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli AB1157 was demonstrated. The most pronounced inhibitory effect on E. coli AB1157 biofilms was exerted by 5-bromo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-H-benzimidazole. The level of biofilm formation decreased by 2–4 times in the area of concentrations of 15–60 µg/ml and by 8–10 times at concentrations of 125 µg/ml and above.Conclusion. The presented work expands the knowledge about the biological activity of benzimidazoles. The obtained results show that benzimidazole derivatives are good candidates for the development of new drugs against biofilms. The data obtained are of practical interest and need further study.
Obstructive sleep apnea and amyloid-β42 in adolescents: The results of a pilot study
Authors: Berdina O. N. , Madaeva I. M. , Bolshakova S. E. , Sholokhov L. F. , Rychkova L. V.
Published: July 2022

Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep leading to intermittent hypoxia, excessive arousals and disrupt of sleep homeostasis. OSA is associated with obesity as well as pathological dynamics of cerebral beta-amyloid and dementia.The aim. Comparative assessment of the plasma beta-amyloid 42 levels in adolescents, depending on the presence or absence of OSA and obesity.Materials and methods. Seventy-four obese and non-obese male adolescents were included in the study. All participants underwent polysomnography to verify OSA and measure sleep parameters, and venipuncture for the assessment of betaamyloid 42 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. After polysomnography all adolescents have been divided into four study groups: OSA obese (group 1; n = 28); non-OSA obese (group 2; n = 20); OSA non-obese (group 3; n = 11), and non-OSA non-obese (group 4 – control; n = 15). OSA obese adolescents had significant elevations in beta-amyloid 42 plasma levels compared with participants from three other groups (р = 0.007, p = 0.047 and p = 0.0002, correspondingly). Compared to both OSA non-obese adolescents and the control group, non-OSA obese patients had similar beta-amyloid 42 blood concentrations (p = 0.167 and p = 0.155, correspondingly). However, patients from the group 3 showed significantly higher beta-amyloid 42 plasma levels than controls (p = 0.004).Conclusions. Thus, OSA, accompanied by intermittent nocturnal hypoxia, and particularly OSA and obesity comorbidity, in adolescents is associated with increased beta-amyloid 42 circulating concentrations, which has a major role in pathogenesis of dementia. Beta-amyloid 42 plasma level may be recommended for use as early biomarker of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases, but future researches are needed.
Diagnostic of small choroidal metastasis
Authors: Stoyukhina A. S. , Yusef Yu. N.
Published: July 2022

Choroidal metastasis in 23–30 % of cases have multifocal growth. In 10–20 % of patients do not have subjective complaints, due to eccentrical localization of choroidal metastases. In these cases, they are detected by chance during examination. In the literature there is no information on the possibility of early diagnosis of “small” foci of metastatic lesions of the choroid using optical coherence tomography (OCT).The aim. To identify diagnostic signs of “small” choroidal metastases.Materials and methods. The study included 4 patients in whom “small” metastases (15 foci) were not visualized by ultrasound.Results. Choroidal metastases, which were not detected by ultrasound, mainly characterized by a multifocal growth pattern, and located mainly outside the central regions of the fundus. The OCT picture in these cases was characterized by the expansion of the choroidal complex up to 1300 μm with an asymmetric shape of the slopes, irregularities of its anterior surface with a moderate hyporeflective structure. At the same time, Bruch’s membrane was preserved, but a violation of the architectonics of the choriocapillary layer is characteristic with a flat profile of the anterior surface of the sclera. Secondary changes in the proper retina are represented by thickening of the retinal pigment epithelium, edema of the photoreceptor layer and of the nuclear layers, while neuroepithelium detachment (NED) appears mainly when the focus is more than 400 μm thick. Initially, choroidal metastasis can be detected by the fundus examination in MultiColor and OCT, as changes appear in the retina – edema of the photoreceptor layer with hyperreflective inclusions and NED, changes appear in the blue-peak autofluorescence (BAF) – hyperBAF with point hypoBAF inclusions, which leads to a change fundus pictures in MultiColor mode.Conclusion. For all patients with a burdened oncological history, even in the absence of visual complaints, in addition to an examination of the fundus of both eyes, it is necessary to provide an examination of the fundus in MultiColor and short-wave autofluorescence modes, followed by OCT in the zones of changes.
Morphofunctional reorganization of plantar aponeurosis in experimental modeling of fasciopathy by synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1
Authors: Silantyev V. N. , Dzyuba G. G. , Erofeev S. A. , Markelova M. V. , Turushev M. A. , Chernigova S. V.
Published: July 2022

Foundation. Chronic plantar fasciopathic pain syndrome is a pathology that significantly affects the quality of life of patients of all age categories. Insufficient knowledge of the etiological and pathogenetic factors in the development of fasciopathies explains the multiplicity, and sometimes inconsistency, of conservative and surgical treatment regimens. The choice of the optimal variant of therapeutic or surgical intervention may be associated with experimental modeling of fasciopathies and the study of the dynamics of the pathological process.The aim. To study the morphological changes in structures identical to the human plantar aponeurosis in experimental modeling of fasciopathy in animals.Research methods. The material for the study was fragments of the tendonaponeurotic complex of the foot of laboratory animals (control group: animals with the introduction of physiological sodium chloride solution (n = 12); main group: animals with the introduction of alprostadil (n = 12)). The methods of light microscopy (staining with alcian and toluidine blue, according to Van Gieson, Weigert – Van Gieson and Picro-Mallory) and morphometry were used.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the four-fold administration of alprostadil had a significant effect on the structure of the dense fibrous connective tissue of the plantar foot of laboratory animals. The mechanisms of damage (edema, microhemorrhages, infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and leukocytes, dystrophy by the type of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, delamination and rupture of collagen fibers), adaptation and regeneration (the appearance of a large number of activated fibrocytes, fibroblasts, microvessels, neoplasm of collagen fibers) were activated. All this together led to spatial focal histotopographic changes, consisting in an increase in the cellular composition of connective tissue structures against the background of a noticeable violation of their spatial orientation.Conclusion. Modeling of fasciopathy using alprostadil was accompanied by the appearance of mosaic reversible and irreversible heteromorphic and heterochronous changes in all connective tissue aponeurotic structures. Such histotopographic changes should be considered as one of the reasons for the clinical manifestations of plantar fasciopathies, causing functional insufficiency and explaining the clinical recurrent nature of the pathological process.
Distribution of dirofilariasis in Omsk region
Authors: Ryazanova T. S. , Sverdlova A. V. , Starostina O. Yu. , Nikitin A. A. , Grigorova N. Yu. , Kochetkov Yu. V.
Published: July 2022

Background. Recently, in the Russian Federation, there has been a tendency to an increase in the number of registered cases of dirofilariasis among residents living in a temperate climate zone, including in Western Siberia. The species Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis are of clinical importance for humans. Dirofilariae are characterized by migration into the subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes, organs of vision, internal organs. In the Omsk region, there is an increase in cases of dirofilariasis, including among children.The aim. To assess endemicity of the territory of the Omsk region in relation to pathogens of dirofilariasis.Materials and methods. The maps of the epidemiological survey of persons infected with dirofilariae for the period 2013–2020 were analyzed, parasitological and molecular biological methods examined 1155 blood samples of dogs, 2488 samples female blood-sucking mosquitoes, 26 samples of dirofilaria helminths removed from residents of the Omsk region.Results. In 18 people, the infection was regarded as local, since the infected persons had not left the Omsk region for the previous three years. Local infections are reported annually. Infection of the final owners – dogs – with dirofilaria ranges from 0.6 to 4.8 % in different years. On average, the extensiveness of the invasion was 3.0 ± 0.6 %; and the intensity of microfilaremia was 1277.68 ± 395.87 specimens/ml of blood. On the territory of Omsk and the Omsk region, 11 species of mosquitoes belonging to the genus Aedes, Ochlerotatus, Culex, Anopheles, Coquillettidia were identified. The estimated individual infection of mosquitoes of different species ranged from 0.6 % (O. flavescens) to 9.8 % (An. messeae). The total infection of vectors was 3.4 %. All positive samples were found to contain DNA of D. repens.Conclusion. The territory of the Omsk region is endemic for pathogens of dirofilariasis, in particular, D. repens. Further studies are needed to study the prevalence and species diversity of pathogens of dirofilariasis in Western Siberia, to identify the most dangerous from an epidemiological point of view, species of vectors.
Global social transformations in the context of demographic change and urbanization
Authors: Smakotina N. L.
Published: July 2022

The article, from the standpoint of sociological analysis, examines fundamental changes in the structure of society, the distribution of resources that go beyond the framework of constant processes. Global social transformations reflect deeper forms of change at the level of value systems and power structures. The author of the article considers the most noticeable forms of changes at the level of social roles, institutions, status hierarchies, reflecting deep changes. The article deals with the term “transformation” from the standpoint of a deep, fundamental process of structural changes, fundamentally different from the previous one. New changes in the global social reality are taking place under the influence of the coronavirus pandemic, challenges and threats that have penetrated into all spheres of human life. An analysis is made of the “stopping” of the diverse global world, which had been changing so rapidly and it was impossible to imagine that all countries, regardless of the level of development, disagreements, struggle, would be absorbed by only one thing – obscurity, alienation, closeness. Questions are raised, world politics has changed due to the processes that fill its content, but how has it changed at the conceptual level, have modern transformations had a profound impact on the structure and geographical distribution of the population? If the growth of the role of nation-states is claimed, then how has the role of supranational institutions been transformed? What place does urbanization occupy in the processes of demographic changes associated with modern transformations? Is it fair to say that the urbanization of rural space is challenging conventional wisdom about what “rural” really means and what is still “rural” in many non-urban areas in wealthy societies?
Prosocial practices of mortality interpretation: racial-anthropological and sociocultural aspects
Authors: Levchenko I. E. , Polyushkevich O. A.
Published: July 2022

Background. The perception of mortality is consistent with pro-social practices that determine social development. Combining the tools of racial-anthropological and sociocultural approaches makes it possible to identify the universal characteristics and interpretations of mortality in modern society.Aim of the study: identification of pro-social practices and specific interpretations of mortality through the unity and opposition of the racial-anthropological and socio-cultural aspects of social reproduction.Methods. A mass survey of the population of the Russian Federation (n = 1200) aged 18 to 65 living in different regions of the Russian Federation (55 % women, 45 % men) was conducted. A content analysis of media and Internet materials was performed to fix estimates of death and mortality in the Russian Federation over the past five years (n = 1456) in publications or informational messages.Results. The impact of the anthropological and sociocultural aspects was manifested through how and what people think about death, as well as how death exists in a social context. The personal-psychological context of the perception of death and mortality, the memorialization of places of death and the socio-economic and cultural-organizational practices of death determine the personal and social forms of interpretation of mortality. Content analysis of media materials and the Internet revealed a significant increase in the volume and frequency of attention to death and mortality. This is due to the situation with the pandemic, as well as the actualization of the fears of Russians about their well-being and social conditions for accepting and assessing death and mortality.Conclusion. Prosocial practices, being a personal experience of experiencing and a tool for social inclusion in acceptable norms of behavior, influence sociocultural meanings and anthropological conditions for the perception of mortality.