bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maturation of the Meniscal Collagen Structure Revealed by Polarization-Resolved and Directional Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy
Authors: Pinsard Maxime , Laverty Sheila , Richard Hélène , Dubuc Julia , Schanne-Klein Marie-Claire , Légaré François
Published: December 2019

We report Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation (P-SHG) and directional SHG (forward and backward, F/B) measurements of equine foetal and adult collagen in meniscus, over large field-of-views using sample-scanning. Large differences of collagen structure and fibril orientation with maturation are revealed, validating the potential for this novel methodology to track such changes in meniscal structure. The foetal menisci had a non-organized and more random collagen fibrillar structure when compared with adult using P-SHG. For the latter, clusters of homogeneous fibril orientation (inter-fibrillar areas) were revealed, separated by thick fibers. F/B SHG showed numerous different features in adults notably, in thick fibers compared to interfibrillar areas, unlike foetal menisci that showed similar patterns for both directions. This work confirms previous studies and improves the understanding of meniscal collagen structure and its maturation, and makes F/B and P-SHG good candidates for future studies aiming at revealing structural modifications to meniscus due to pathologies.
An insulin-like growth factor-like peptide promotes ovarian development in the silkmoth Bombyx mori
Authors: Fujinaga Daiki , Shiomi Kunihiro , Yagi Yoshimasa , Kataoka Hiroshi , Mizoguchi Akira
Published: December 2019

Insulin family peptides are known to be key regulators of growth and metabolism in insects and vertebrates. Insects have two types of insulin family peptides: insulin-like peptides and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like peptides (IGFLPs). We recently demonstrated that an IGFLP in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori (BIGFLP) promotes the growth of the genital imaginal disc ex vivo. However, the role of BIGFLP in the regulation of insect growth remains unclear because no in vivo study has been performed. Therefore, we analysed the functions of BIGFLP in vivo by constructing BIGFLP knock-out (KO) B. mori using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system. The KO moths exhibited decreased body weights and size of the appendages compared wild-type (wt) moths. Interestingly, KO females also had drastically lower ovary weights and number of eggs than wt females. However, mutant ovaries that were transplanted into wt host pupae reached a similar weight to wt ovaries that were transplanted into the wt hosts, suggesting that IGFLP in the haemolymph promotes ovarian development. These findings show that BIGFLP regulates the growth and development of adult organs, particularly the ovaries, in B. mori.
New Approaches for Quantitative Reconstruction of Radiation Dose in Human Blood Cells
Authors: Ghandhi Shanaz A. , Shuryak Igor , Morton Shad R. , Amundson Sally A. , Brenner David J.
Published: December 2019

In the event of a nuclear attack or large-scale radiation event, there would be an urgent need for assessing the dose to which hundreds or thousands of individuals were exposed. Biodosimetry approaches are being developed to address this need, including transcriptomics. Studies have identified many genes with potential for biodosimetry, but, to date most have focused on classification of samples by exposure levels, rather than dose reconstruction. We report here a proof-of-principle study applying new methods to select radiation-responsive genes to generate quantitative, rather than categorical, radiation dose reconstructions based on a blood sample. We used a new normalization method to reduce effects of variability of signal intensity in unirradiated samples across studies; developed a quantitative dose-reconstruction method that is generally under-utilized compared to categorical methods; and combined these to determine a gene set as a reconstructor. Our dose-reconstruction biomarker was trained using two data sets and tested on two independent ones. It was able to reconstruct dose up to 4.5 Gy with root mean squared error (RMSE) of ± 0.35 Gy on a test dataset using the same platform, and up to 6.0 Gy with RMSE of ± 1.74 Gy on a test set using a different platform.
Author Correction: Perspectives on the prediction of catastrophic slope failures from satellite InSAR
Authors: Carlà Tommaso , Intrieri Emanuele , Raspini Federico , Bardi Federica , Farina Paolo , Ferretti Alessandro , Colombo Davide , Novali Fabrizio , Casagli Nicola
Published: December 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Oxyhemoglobin nano-recruiter preparation and its application in biomimetic red blood cells to relieve tumor hypoxia and enhance photodynamic therapy activity
Authors: Shi Xianqing , Zhan Qichen , Yan Xiaohong , Zhou Jiahong , Zhou Lin , Wei Shaohua
Published: December 2019

A highly efficient all-in-one biomimetic nanomedicine approach to overcome hypoxia and achieve tumor targeting theranostics is presented.
The feasibility of hollow echinus-like NiCo2O4 nanocrystals for hybrid capacitive deionization
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Xi Wen , Li Haibo
Published: December 2019

The hollowed echinus-like NiCo2O4 nanocrystal with excellent electrochemical behaviour has been demonstrated as high-performance cathode for hybrid capacitive deionization.
A dehydrobenzoannulene-based two-dimensional covalent organic framework as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wolfson Eric R. , Xiao Neng , Schkeryantz Luke , Haug W. Karl , Wu Yiying , McGrier Psaras L.
Published: December 2019

A redox-active dehydrobenzoannulene (DBA) monomer was used to construct an efficient porous polymer-based anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Engineering porous two-dimensional lattices via self-assembly of non-convex hexagonal platelets
Authors: Pakalidou Nikoletta , Mu Junju , Masters Andrew J. , Avendaño Carlos
Published: December 2019

In this work, a molecular-dynamics simulation study of the formation of ordered two-dimensional porous structures is presented.
The mechanism of universal green antisolvents for intermediate phase controlled high-efficiency formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Luyao , Wang Xin , Deng Lin-Long , Leng Shibing , Guo Xiaojun , Tan Ching-Hong , Choy Wallace C. H. , Chen Chun-Chao
Published: December 2019

Tuning the polarity of green antisolvents (using various ethers) allows high control over the purity of the intermediate phase of triple-cation lead halide perovskite thin films.
Poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel-based anti-freezing ionic skin for a soft robotic gripper
Authors: Liu Ziyang , Wang Yue , Ren Yongyuan , Jin Guoqing , Zhang Chengcheng , Chen Wei , Yan Feng
Published: December 2019

A zwitterionic poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel with super-stretchability, self-healing ability, and high conductivity at −20 °C was fabricated and used for ionic skin for a soft robotic gripper.
Computational screening of transition metal-doped phthalocyanine monolayers for oxygen evolution and reduction
Authors: Zhou Yanan , Gao Guoping , Chu Wei , Wang Lin-Wang
Published: December 2019

The best catalyst for the OER is Ir@Pc with anηOERof 0.41 V followed by Rh@Pc with anηOER= 0.44 V. For the ORR process, the best catalyst is Rh@Pc with anηORRof 0.44 V followed by Ir@Pc (ηORR= 0.55 V).
Self-assembly modification of polyurethane sponge for application in oil/water separation
Authors: Liang Liping , Xue Yuanyuan , Wu Qian , Dong Yanyan , Meng Xu
Published: December 2019

A polyurethane (PU) sponge with excellent oil/water separation property has been successfully prepared by modifying with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assemblies.
Room-temperature synthesis of Ni1−xFex (oxy)hydroxides: structure–activity relationship for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yan Xiaodong , Hu Qing-Tao , Zhang Wen-Da , Li Tao , Zhu Haiyan , Gu Zhi-Guo
Published: December 2019

It is found that phase structure plays an important role in determining the intrinsic activity of Ni–Fe (oxy)hydroxides and that Fe/Ni ratio affects the phase structure and the electronic structure for optimized performance.
Strain softening and stiffening responses of spider silk fibers probed using a Micro-Extension Rheometer
Authors: Dubey Sushil , Joshi Chinmay Hemant , Veer Sukh , Uma Divya , Somanathan Hema , Majumdar Sayantan , Pullarkat Pramod A.
Published: December 2019

Spider silk possesses unique mechanical properties like large extensibility, high tensile strength, super-contractility, etc.
Polynucleotide differentiation using hybrid solid-state nanopore functionalizing with α-hemolysin
Authors: Bentin Jérémy , Balme Sébastien , Picaud Fabien
Published: December 2019

We report results from full atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on the properties of biomimetic nanopores.
Potential and limits of a colloid approach to protein solutions
Authors: Stradner Anna , Schurtenberger Peter
Published: December 2019

We critically discuss the application of colloid science concepts to better understand protein solution properties in the entire concentration range.
In situ and operando investigation of the dynamic morphological and phase changes of a selenium-doped germanium electrode during (de)lithiation processes
Authors: Li Tianyi , Lim Cheolwoong , Cui Yi , Zhou Xinwei , Kang Huixiao , Yan Bo , Meyerson Melissa L. , Weeks Jason A. , Liu Qi , Guo Fangmin , Kou Ronghui , Liu Yuzi , De Andrade Vincent , De Carlo Francesco , Ren Yang , Sun Cheng-Jun , Mullins C. Buddie , Chen Lei , Fu Yongzhu , Zhu Likun
Published: December 2019

An in situ formed, super-ionically conductive, and inactive network in high capacity anode particles can improve the performance of Li-ion batteries.
Crosstalk shielding of transition metal ions for long cycling lithium–metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Xue-Qiang , Wang Xin-Meng , Li Bo-Quan , Shi Peng , Huang Jia-Qi , Chen Aibing , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2019

Crosstalk shielding of transition metal ions for long-cycling lithium–metal batteries under practical conditions.
A nanometer-sized protease inhibitor for precise cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Hu Ping , Shang Le , Chen Jincan , Chen Xuzheng , Chen Chun , Hong Wanjin , Huang Mingdong , Xu Peng , Chen Zhuo
Published: December 2019

A nanometer-sized inhibitor of a pro-cancer protease for specifically imaging tumor tissues and suppressing tumor growth and metastasis.
3D printing of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-based nano-composite hydrogel as an artificial cartilage replacement and the improvement mechanism of printing accuracy
Authors: Meng Yeqiao , Cao Jinlong , Chen Yue , Yu Yaru , Ye Lin
Published: December 2019

A PVA-based composite hydrogel with a biomimetic gradient structure as an artificial cartilage replacement was constructed by an extrusion 3D printing technique.
A self-powered ultraviolet photodetector based on TiO2/Ag/ZnS nanotubes with high stability and fast response
Authors: Li Xiang , Gao Shiyong , Wang Guangning , Xu Zhikun , Jiao Shujie , Wang Dongjun , Huang Yuewu , Sang Dandan , Wang Jinzhong , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2019

Ag nanoparticles were deposited onto TiO2 nanotubes and a ZnS layer was further fabricated on the surface of the TiO2/Ag nanotubes at room temperature to form a self-powered UV photodetector.
Pyrochlore-type oxide solid solutions: (Bi1−xGax)2−dTi2O7−3d/2
Authors: Yamane Hisanori , Yagi Ryota , Yamada Takahiro
Published: December 2019

The preparation, crystal structure and electrical properties of new pyrochlore-type solid solutions (Bi1−xGax)2−dTi2O7−3d/2with the space groupF4132 were investigated.
Late Dysphagia Following Radiotherapy After Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series
Authors: Schreiber Ann-Marie , Dawson Camilla , Skoretz Stacey A.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is radiation therapy (RT); however, long-term effects of RT frequently include significant swallowing impairments (dysphagia;
Gaziano, 2002
;
Hui, Chan, & Le, 2018
). Our objective was to describe swallowing physiology in consecutive outpatients with a history of NPC following RT using standardized methods. Understanding dysphagia characteristics in this patient population could ultimately inform rehabilitation strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Method

We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive study of consecutive outpatients undergoing videofluoroscopic swallowing (VFS) exams at our clinic, from 2009 to 2014. We included those with a diagnosis of NPC treated with RT. Those with other cancer diagnoses; previous tracheostomy; acute neurological injury; and progressive, degenerative neurological conditions were excluded. Two registered MBSImP clinicians, blinded to each other, reviewed and scored the VFS exams according to previously published methods (
Martin-Harris et al., 2008
). Following unblinding, a single reviewer collected demographic data from the electronic medical record. We reported overall impairment and MBSImP component scores descriptively.

Results

Of 158 outpatients undergoing VFS, 6 (
N
) met our inclusion criteria. The median time from completion of RT to outpatient VFS was 21.0 years. Patients reported a variety of dysphagia symptoms. All patients had high oral and pharyngeal residue scores (scores ≥ 2) and high impairment scores on components contributing to bolus transport and airway closure.

Conclusions

All patients presented with impairments in oral–pharyngeal bolus transport and airway protection. Our results identify specific swallowing impairments for this patient group highlighting possible latent RT effects on swallowing. This population would benefit from dysphagia rehabilitation and maintenance programs informed by multimodal diagnostic approaches.
An Analysis of Nonsignificant Results in Audiology Using Bayes Factors
Authors: Brydges Christopher R. , Gaeta Laura
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Null hypothesis significance testing is commonly used in audiology research to determine the presence of an effect. Knowledge of study outcomes, including nonsignificant findings, is important for evidence-based practice. Nonsignificantpvalues obtained from null hypothesis significance testing cannot differentiate between true null effects or underpowered studies. Bayes factors (BFs) are a statistical technique that can distinguish between conclusive and inconclusive nonsignificant results, and quantify the strength of evidence in favor of 1 hypothesis over another. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of BFs in nonsignificant results in audiology research and the strength of evidence in favor of the null hypothesis in these results.

Method

Nonsignificant results mentioned in abstracts of articles published in 2018 volumes of 4 prominent audiology journals were extracted (N= 108) and categorized based on whether BFs were calculated. BFs were calculated from nonsignificantttests within this sample to determine how frequently the null hypothesis was strongly supported.

Results

Nonsignificant results were not directly tested with BFs in any study. Bayesian re-analysis of 93 nonsignificantttests found that only 40.86% of findings provided moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis, and none provided strong evidence.

Conclusion

BFs are underutilized in audiology research, and a large proportion of null findings were deemed inconclusive when re-analyzed with BFs. Researchers are encouraged to use BFs to test the validity and strength of evidence of nonsignificant results and ensure that sufficient sample sizes are used so that conclusive findings (significant or not) are observed more frequently.

Supplemental Material

https://osf.io/b4kc7/
Moving Forward Four Words at a Time: Effects of a Supplemental Preschool Vocabulary Intervention
Authors: Peters-Sanders Lindsey A. , Kelley Elizabeth S. , Biel Christa Haring , Madsen Keri , Soto Xigrid , Seven Yagmur , Hull Katharine , Goldstein Howard
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This study evaluated the effects of an automated, small-group intervention designed to teach preschoolers challenging vocabulary words. Previous studies have provided evidence of efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the program after doubling the number of words taught from 2 to 4 words per book.

Method

Seventeen preschool children listened to 1 prerecorded book per week for 9 weeks. Each storybook had embedded, interactive lessons for 4 target vocabulary words. Each lesson provided repeated exposures to words and their definitions, child-friendly contexts, and multiple opportunities for children to respond verbally to instructional prompts. Participants were asked to define the weekly targeted vocabulary before and after intervention. A repeated acquisition single-case design was used to examine the effects of the books and embedded lessons on learning of target vocabulary words.

Results

Treatment effects were observed for all children across many of the books. Learning of at least 2 points (i.e., 1 word) was replicated for 74.5% of 149 books tested across the 17 participants. On average, children learned to define 47% of the target vocabulary words (17 out of 36).

Conclusions

Results support including 4 challenging words per book, as children learned substantially more words when 4 words were taught, in comparison to previous studies. Within an iterative development process, results of the current study take us 1 step closer to creating an optimal vocabulary intervention that supports the language development of at-risk children.
Resonance Effects and the Vocalization of Speech
Authors: Rakerd Brad , Hunter Eric J. , LaPine Peter
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Studies of the respiratory and laryngeal actions required for phonation are central to our understanding of both voice and voice disorders. The purpose of this tutorial is to highlight complementary insights about voice that have come from the study of vocal tract resonance effects.

Conclusion

This tutorial overviews the following areas: (a) special resonance effects that have been found to occur in the vocal productions of professional performers; (b) resonance and antiresonance effects associated with nasalization, together with clinical considerations associated with the diagnosis and/or treatment of hyponasal and hypernasal speech; and (c) studies of resonant voice and what they tell us about both normal and disordered speech production.
Low‐voltage ride‐through operation of grid interfaced solar PV system enabling harmonic compensation capabilities
Authors: Shah Priyank , Singh Bhim
Published: December 2019

This study presents a robust Kalman filter‐based multifunctional control strategy, to enable wide‐scale utilisation of the grid‐interfaced solar energy conversion system (SECS). The presented control technique offers multifunctional features such as unity power factor, harmonics mitigation, reactive power compensation along with ride through operation under balanced and unbalanced low‐voltage faults in the distribution grid. Under fault in the grid side area, the DC–DC converter is controlled in a way that it reduces the active power injection and restricts the inverter currents within its maximum current limit. Based on the depth of grid voltage sag, reactive power supply to the grid is adaptively adjusted, as recommended by IEEE 1547‐2018 standard. To minimise the inverter losses, adaptive DC link voltage is introduced, which adapts the DC link voltage in proportion to the grid voltages. Simulation results exhibit the efficacious of the presented robust control strategy in achieving multifunctional features such as harmonics mitigation, grid currents balancing feature and reactive power requirement, under unbalanced line to ground (L‐G) and double line to ground faults. Test results demonstrate the satisfactory performance for diverse operating scenarios such as imbalanced currents in the load side network, SECS to DSTATCOM mode and vice‐versa, and L‐G fault.
Incoherent fast variability of X-ray obscurers
Authors: De Marco B. , Adhikari T. P. , Ponti G. , Bianchi S. , Kriss G. A. , Arav N. , Behar E. , Branduardi-Raymont G. , Cappi M. , Costantini E. , Costanzo D. , di Gesu L. , Ebrero J. , Kaastra J. S. , Kaspi S. , Mao J. , Markowitz A. , Matt G. , Mehdipour M. , Middei R. , Paltani S. , Petrucci P. O. , Pinto C. , Różańska A. , Walton D. J.
Published: December 2019

Context. Obscuration events caused by outflowing clumps or streams of high column density and low ionised gas, shown to absorb the X-ray continuum heavily, have been witnessed across a number of Seyfert galaxies.

Aims. We report on the X-ray spectral-timing analysis of the December 2016 obscuration event in NGC 3783, which was aimed at probing variability of the X-ray obscurer on the shortest possible timescales. The main goals of this study are to obtain independent constraints on the density and, ultimately on the distance of the obscuring gas, as well as to characterise the impact of variable obscuration on the observed X-ray spectral-timing characteristics of Seyfert galaxies.

Methods. We carried out a comparative analysis of NGC 3783 during unobscured (using archival 2000–2001 XMM-Newton data) and obscured states (using XMM-Newton and NuSTAR data from the 2016 observational campaign). The analysed timescales range between ten hours and about one hour. This study was then generalised to discuss the signatures of variable obscuration in the X-ray spectral-timing characteristics of Seyfert galaxies as a function of the physical properties of the obscuring gas.

Results. The X-ray obscurer in NGC 3783 is found to vary on timescales between about one hour to ten hours. This variability is incoherent with respect to the variations of the X-ray continuum. A fast response (on timescales shorter than about 1.5 ks) of the ionisation state of the obscuring gas to the short timescale variability of the primary X-ray continuum provides a satisfactory interpretation of all the observed X-ray spectral-timing properties. This study enabled us to put independent constraints on the density and location of the obscuring gas. We found the gas to have a density of ne >  7.1 × 107 cm−3, which is consistent with a location in the broad line region.
Emergence of small-scale magnetic flux in the quiet Sun
Authors: Kontogiannis I. , Tsiropoula G. , Tziotziou K. , Gontikakis C. , Kuckein C. , Verma M. , Denker C.
Published: December 2019

Context. We study the evolution of a small-scale emerging flux region (EFR) in the quiet Sun, from its emergence in the photosphere to its appearance in the corona and its decay.

Aims. We track processes and phenomena that take place across all atmospheric layers; we explore their interrelations and compare our findings with those from recent numerical modelling studies.

Methods. We used imaging as well as spectral and spectropolarimetric observations from a suite of space-borne and ground-based instruments.

Results. The EFR appears in the quiet Sun next to the chromospheric network and shows all morphological characteristics predicted by numerical simulations. The total magnetic flux of the region exhibits distinct evolutionary phases, namely an initial subtle increase, a fast increase with a Co-temporal fast expansion of the region area, a more gradual increase, and a slow decay. During the initial stages, fine-scale G-band and Ca II H bright points coalesce, forming clusters of positive- and negative-polarity in a largely bipolar configuration. During the fast expansion, flux tubes make their way to the chromosphere, pushing aside the ambient magnetic field and producing pressure-driven absorption fronts that are visible as blueshifted chromospheric features. The connectivity of the quiet-Sun network gradually changes and part of the existing network forms new connections with the newly emerged bipole. A few minutes after the bipole has reached its maximum magnetic flux, the bipole brightens in soft X-rays forming a coronal bright point. The coronal emission exhibits episodic brightenings on top of a long smooth increase. These coronal brightenings are also associated with surge-like chromospheric features visible in Hα, which can be attributed to reconnection with adjacent small-scale magnetic fields and the ambient quiet-Sun magnetic field.

Conclusions. The emergence of magnetic flux even at the smallest scales can be the driver of a series of energetic phenomena visible at various atmospheric heights and temperature regimes. Multi-wavelength observations reveal a wealth of mechanisms which produce diverse observable effects during the different evolutionary stages of these small-scale structures.
An infection age-space-structured SIR epidemic model with Dirichlet boundary condition
Authors: Chekroun Abdennasser , Kuniya Toshikazu
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we are concerned with the global asymptotic behavior of an SIR epidemic model with infection age-space structure. Under the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, we first reformulate the model into the coupled reaction-diffusion and difference system by using the method of characteristics. We then obtain the spatially heterogeneous disease-free steady state and define the basic reproduction numberℛ0by the spectral radius of the next generation operator. We then show the existence and uniqueness of the global classical solution by constructing suitable upper and lower solutions. As a threshold result, we establish that the disease-free steady state is globally attractive ifℛ0< 1, whereas the system is uniformly weakly persistent in norm ifℛ0> 1. Finally, numerical simulations are exhibited to illustrate our theoretical results together with how to computeℛ0.
Empfehlungen zur Erfassung und Beschreibung perioperativer kognitiver Störungen in Wissenschaft und Praxis
Authors: Borchers Friedrich , Knaak Cornelia , Piper Sophie K. , Spies Claudia
Published: December 2019

Perioperative kognitive Störungen treten bei über 70-jährigen Patienten häufig auf und führen zu einer reduzierten Lebensqualität. Dieser Beitrag stellt die 2018 publizierten Nomenklaturempfehlungen der Nomenclature Consensus Working Group vor, durch die perioperative kognitive Störungen erstmals exakt erfasst und beschrieben werden können. Dies ermöglicht ein gezieltes Screening und das frühzeitige Erkennen betroffener Patienten.
Zwischen Motivieren und Bremsen
Authors: Hermann Hans-Dieter
Published: December 2019

Interview mit dem Physiotherapeuten Wolfgang Bunz (li.), u. a. leitender Sportphysiotherapeut der deutschen Fußball-Nationalmannschaft der Männer. Das Gespräch führte Hans-Dieter Hermann.
Psychische Erkrankungen im Arbeitskontext – eine Verortung im
Versorgungssystem
Authors: Braun Simone , Kessemeier Franziska , Balint Elisabeth , Schwarz Elena , Hölzer Michael , Gündel Harald , Rothermund Eva
Published: December 2019

Arbeit und psychische Gesundheit stehen in einer engen wechselseitigen Beziehung
zueinander. Psychisch bedingte Arbeitsunfähigkeitszahlen steigen seit Jahren
an, sodass die Thematik für viele Betriebe, aber auch gesamtgesellschaftlich
an Bedeutung gewonnen hat.

Dieser Artikel gibt zunächst einen Überblick über
verschiedene Arbeitsstressmodelle sowie über die Abbildung arbeitsbezogener
psychischer Störungen in den Klassifikationssystemen ICD und DSM. Der
Begriff Burnout wird erläutert, die Begriffsätiologie dargestellt
und ein sinnvoller Einsatz des Begriffs in der klinischen Praxis beschrieben.
Darüber hinaus wird die Einteilung arbeitsbezogener psychischer
Störungen der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation (engl. International
Labour Organization, ILO) vorgestellt. Anschließend wird auf
mögliche Interventionsmodelle zur Prävention und Therapie
arbeitsbezogener psychischer Erkrankungen sowie auf die wesentlichen Bestandteile
einer arbeitsbezogenen Psychotherapie eingegangen. Schließlich werden
Handlungsempfehlungen im internationalen Vergleich dargestellt.
Strategien zur Rekrutierung von Geflüchteten für Interventionsstudien: Erkenntnisse aus dem „Sanadak“-Trial
Authors: Roehr Susanne , Wittmann Felix , Jung Franziska , Hoffmann Rahel , Renner Anna , Dams Judith , Grochtdreis Thomas , Kersting Anette , König Hans-Helmut , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: December 2019

Ziel Die Rekrutierung von sogenannten seltenen Populationen, dazu zählen Geflüchtete, für Forschungsstudien gilt als schwierig. Deshalb teilen wir Erkenntnisse zu förderlichen und hinderlichen Strategien zur Rekrutierung von Geflüchteten sowie wahrgenommene Barrieren basierend auf unseren Erfahrungen im „Sanadak“-Trial, einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie zur Evaluation einer Selbsthilfe-App für syrische Geflüchtete mit posttraumatischer Belastung.

Methodik Datengrundlage war eine Interimsevaluation der Rekrutierungsstrategien. Im quantitativen Teil analysierten wir, wie Studieninteressierte von „Sanadak“ erfahren haben und über welchen Weg der Erstkontakt stattfand. Diese Ergebnisse wurden durch einen qualitativen Teil ergänzt. Dazu wurden die syrischen Studienassistenten des „Sanadak“-Trials (n=3) mittels problemzentrierter Leitfadeninterviews zu förderlichen und hinderlichen Rekrutierungsstrategien sowie wahrgenommenen Barrieren befragt.

Ergebnisse Es lagen Daten zur Rekrutierung von 140 syrischen Geflüchteten vor. Davon wurde fast die Hälfte (44%) über persönlichen Kontakt rekrutiert, rund ein weiteres Drittel (36%) wurde über verschiedene Werbemaßnahmen (z. B. Facebook-Werbung) und rund ein Fünftel (19%) über Multiplikatoren gewonnen. Typische Barrieren waren Bedenken hinsichtlich Datenschutz, Anonymität und Stigmatisierung. 

Diskussion Das Schneeballprinzip war eine effektive Rekrutierungsstrategie im „Sanadak“-Trial. Weitere Strategien waren ergänzend sinnvoll, v. a. um die Varianz der Stichprobe zu erhöhen. Die Interimsevaluation erwies sich als wertvoll, um Ressourcen auf effektive Rekrutierungsstrategien zu lenken und Barrieren zu adressieren.

Schlussfolgerung Ein multistrategischer Rekrutierungsansatz mit Fokus auf persönlichen Kontakt, vielfältigen Kontaktmöglichkeiten und interkulturell kompetenten Projektmitarbeitern hat sich im „Sanadak“-Trial bewährt.
Rehabilitation von Patienten mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Meyer-Olson Dirk , Hoeper Kirsten , Sturm Christian , Busche Thilo , Brückle Wolfgang , Roth Karin , Mattussek Sigrid , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Polnau Uwe
Published: December 2019

Die rheumatologische Rehabilitation dient der Wiederherstellung einer eingeschränkten sozialen oder beruflichen Teilhabe bei Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatologischen Erkrankungen. Trotz deutlicher Fortschritte bei der medikamentösen Versorgung von Patienten mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen, insbesondere bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis und der Spondyloarthritis, finden sich trotz Verbesserungen weiterhin noch deutliche Einschränkungen der beruflichen Teilhabe bei Patienten mit diesen Krankheitsbildern. Dieser Übersichtartikel vermittelt den aktuellen Stand der rheumatologischen Rehabilitation in Deutschland und beschreibt aktuelle Problemfelder der rehabilitationsmedizinischen Versorgung sowie mögliche Lösungsansätze.
An Ophthalmology Resident-Led Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease the Incidence of Perioperative Corneal Injury
Authors: Ely Amanda L. , Goerlitz-Jessen Mark , Scott Ingrid U. , Lehman Erik , Ali Tabassum , Kerchner Denise , Liang David
Published: December 2019

Objective This article evaluates the effectiveness of an ophthalmology resident-led quality improvement (QI) initiative to decrease the incidence of perioperative corneal injury at an academic medical center

Design Retrospective chart review.

Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all surgical cases performed 6 months prior to, and 6 months after, implementation of an ophthalmology resident-led QI initiative at an academic medical center. The QI initiative (which focused on perioperative corneal injury awareness, understanding of risk factors, and presentation of an algorithm designed to prevent perioperative corneal injury) consisted of a lecture and distribution of educational materials to anesthesia providers. Data collected through the chart review included type of surgical case, presence of diabetes mellitus or thyroid disease, patient age and gender, patient positioning (supine, prone, or lateral), level of anesthesia provider training, length of surgical case, surgical service, type of anesthesia, and type (if any) of perioperative eye injury. The rates of perioperative corneal injury pre- versus post-initiative were compared.

Results The rates of perioperative corneal injury pre- and post-initiative were 3.7 and 1.9 per 1,000, respectively (p = 0.012). Significant risk factors for perioperative corneal injury include longer duration of surgery (odds ratio [OR] 90–180 vs. < 90 minutes = 4.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–12.18; OR > 180 vs. < 90 minutes = 8.56, 95% CI 3.01–24.32; OR > 180 vs. 90–180 = 2.05, 95% CI 1.17–3.58), patient position lateral > prone > supine (OR prone vs. lateral = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.67; OR supine vs. lateral = 0.13, 95% CI 0.07–0.23), nonhead and neck surgeries (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.11–0.87), and surgery performed under the general surgery service (OR general surgery service vs. other subspecialty services = 6.50, 95% CI 2.39–24.76).

Conclusions An ophthalmology resident-led QI initiative consisting of educating anesthesia providers was associated with a significant decrease in the rate of perioperative corneal injury.
Faith Cures, Doctor Treats: Management of a Case of Pancreatic Trauma in a Jehovah’s Witness Patient
Authors: Dhaliwal Galvin , Pawar Pranay , Matthew Renji , Chaudhry Navneet Kumar
Published: December 2019

The awareness about Jehovah’s Witness in India is very poor. One of the fundamentals of their beliefs is prohibition of blood and blood product transfusions. This presents a unique challenge, especially when coupled with massive trauma. We describe a rare case of a patient presenting with massive abdominal trauma who was managed successfully.
Relationship of Scoliosis with Pain and Respiratory Dysfunction in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Sertpoyraz Filiz Meryem , Tiftikcioglu Bedile Irem , Baydan Figen , Tuncay Bakiye , Gunduz Nihan Erdinc , Dikici Aylin , Zorlu Yasar
Published: December 2019

Introduction Scoliosis is one of the major causes of respiratory dysfunction in patients with Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD). Also, progressive spinal deformity severely affects walking and sitting, and can also lead to pain and difficulty in patient care. Although the relationship between scoliosis and respiratory functions was extensively studied, its impact on pain has not been examined. Hereby, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between scoliosis and respiratory dysfunction and pain, together with the frequency of scoliosis in Turkish DMD patients.

Materials and Methods The demographical data, rate, and region of scoliosis, pain, and respiratory functions were evaluated in 69 male DMD patients. The severity of pain was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS) and the degree of scoliosis was assessed with Cobb angle. Forced vital capacity was used to grade the pulmonary functions.

Results Scoliosis was present in 52.2% of the patients, mainly in the dorsolumbar region. Pain was present in 53.6% of the patients, most commonly in the back and lumbar regions. The rate of pulmonary dysfunction was 49.3%. Of the 36 patients with scoliosis, prevalences of pain and respiratory dysfunction were 77.7 and 50.0%, respectively. Scoliosis was significantly associated with pain and respiratory dysfunction, as expected.

Conclusion The prevalence of pain and respiratory dysfunction is considerably high in DMD patients with scoliosis. These patients should be closely monitored for pain and deterioration in respiratory functions, to ease their daily care, increase their quality of life, and preserve the functionality, as long as possible.
An Interesting Case of Lineage Switch to Histiocytic Sarcoma in a Case of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Mundada Manasi C. , Ahmed Faiq , Murthy Sudha , Mallavarapu Krishna Mohan
Published: December 2019

Lineage switch involves change in the phenotypic characteristics from one type to another. It is a rare phenomenon described in mature lymphoid neoplasms which transform to histiocytic/dendritic cell tumor, more commonly described in low-grade lymphoma like follicular, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), wherein the neoplasm loses the phenotypic characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acquires the markers of histiocytic differentiation. Here, we present a case of diffuse large B cell lymphoma transforming to histiocytic sarcoma post 6 months of start of therapy. Histiocytic sarcoma being a very aggressive tumor, the patient had a very rapid deteriorating course and succumbed to disease.
New Experimental Model for Studying Breast Cancer
Authors: Kish Stacy W.
Published: December 2019

Researchers developed a realistic 3D model to mimic the interactions between endothelial and epithelial cells to understand how breast cancer cells grow and migrate during tumor development.
Liability and collaborative arrangements for nurse practitioner practice in Australia
Authors: Chiarella Mary , Currie Jane , Wand Tim
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between medical practitioners (MPs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) in general, and privately practising NPs (PPNPs) in particular, in relation to collaboration, control and supervision in Australia, as well as to explore the difficulties reported by PPNPs in establishing mandated collaborative arrangements with MPs in Australia. In order for the PPNPs to have access to the Medicare Benefit Schedule (MBS) and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia, they are required, by law, to establish a collaborative arrangement with an MP or an entity that employs MPs. This paper begins by describing the history of and requirements for collaborative arrangements, then outlines the nature of successful collaboration and the reported difficulties. It goes on to address some of the commonly held misconceptions in order to allay medical concerns and enable less restrictive access to the MBS and PBS for PPNPs. This, in turn, would improve patient access to highly specialised and expert PPNP care. What is known about the topic? NPs have been part of the Australian health workforce since 1998, but until 2009 their patients did not receive any reimbursement for care delivered by PPNPs. In 2009, the Federal government introduced limited access for PPNPs to the MBS and PBS, but only if they entered into a collaborative arrangement with either an MP or an entity that employs MPs. What does this paper add? The introduction of collaborative arrangements between PPNPs and MPs seems, in some instances, to have created confusion and misunderstanding about the way in which these collaborative arrangements are to operate. This paper provides clarification of the relationship between MPs and NPs in general, and PPNPs in particular, in relation to collaboration, control and supervision. What are the implications for practitioners? A clearer understanding of these issues will hopefully enable greater collegial generosity and improve access to patient care through innovative models of service delivery using NPs and PPNPs.
Atmospheric N2O gas detection based on an inter-band cascade laser around 3.939 µm*
Authors: Sun Chun-Yan , Cao Yuan , Chen Jia-Jin , Wang Jing-Jing , Cheng Gang , Wang Gui-Shi , Gao Xiao-Ming
Published: December 2019

N2O is a significant atmospheric greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and climate change. In this work, the high sensitivity detection of atmospheric N2O is achieved using wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with an inter-band cascade laser operating around 3.939 µm. A LabVIEW-based software signal generator and software lock-in amplifiers are designed to simplify the system. In order to eliminate the interference from water vapor, the detection was performed at a pressure of 0.1 atm (1 atm = 1.01325×105 Pa) and a drying tube was added to the system. To improve the system performance for long term detection, a novel frequency locking method and 2 f/1 f calibration-free method were employed to lock the laser frequency and calibrate the power fluctuations, respectively. The Allan deviation analysis of the results indicates a detection limit of ∼ 20 ppb (1 ppb = 1.81205 µg/m3) for a 1 s integration time, and the optimal detection limit is ∼ 5 ppb for a 40-s integration time.
Dynamically adjustable asymmetric transmission and polarization conversion for linearly polarized terahertz wave*
Authors: Li Tong , Hu Fang-Rong , Qian Yi-Xian , Xiao Jing , Zhang Long-Hui , Zhang Wen-Tao , Han Jia-Guang
Published: December 2019

The asymmetric transmission (AT) and polarization conversion of terahertz (THz) wave play a vital role in future THz communication, spectrum, and information processing. Generally, it is very difficult and complicated to actively control the AT of electromagnetic (EM) wave by using traditional devices. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a stereo-metamaterial (stereo-MM) consisting of a layer of metal structure and a layer of phase transition structure with a polyimide spacer in between. The performance of the device is simulated by using the finite-integration-technology (FIT). The results show that the AT and polarization conversion of linearly polarized wave can be dynamically controlled in a range of 1.0 THz–1.6 THz when the conductivity σ of vanadium dioxide (VO2) is changed under the external stimulation. This study provides an example of actively controlling of the AT and polarization conversion of the EM wave.
A hybrid method of solving near-zone composite eletromagnetic scattering from targets and underlying rough surface*
Authors: Li Xi-Min , Li Jing-Jing , Gao Qian , Gao Peng-Cheng
Published: December 2019

For composite electromagnetic (EM) scattering from rough surface and target above it in near-field condition, modified shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) method and integral equation method (IEM), which are analytic methods combined with two-scale model for rough surface, are proposed to solve the composite near-field scattering problems. And the modified method is verified in effectiveness and accuracy by comparing the simulation results with measured results. Finally, the composite near-fielding scattering characteristics of a slanted plane and rough water surface below are obtained by using the proposed methods, and the dynamic tendency of composite scattering characteristics versus near-fielding distance is analyzed, which may have practical contribution to engineering programs in need of radar targets near-field characteristics under extra-low-altitude conditions.
Performance analysis of continuous-variable measurementdevice-independent quantum key distribution under diverse weather conditions*
Authors: Zhang Shu-Jing , Xiao Chen , Zhou Chun , Wang Xiang , Yao Jian-Shu , Zhang Hai-Long , Bao Wan-Su
Published: December 2019

The effects of weather conditions are ubiquitous in practical wireless quantum communication links. Here in this work, the performances of atmospheric continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) under diverse weather conditions are analyzed quantitatively. According to the Mie scattering theory and atmospheric CV-MDI-QKD model, we numerically simulate the relationship between performance of CV-MDI-QKD and the rainy and foggy conditions, aiming to get close to the actual combat environment in the future. The results show that both rain and fog will degrade the performance of the CV-MDI-QKD protocol. Under the rainy condition, the larger the raindrop diameter, the more obvious the extinction effect is and the lower the secret key rate accordingly. In addition, we find that the secret key rate decreases with the increase of spot deflection distance and the fluctuation of deflection. Under the foggy condition, the results illustrate that the transmittance decreases with the increase of droplet radius or deflection distance, which eventually yields the decrease in the secret key rate. Besides, in both weather conditions, the increase of transmission distance also leads the secret key rate to deteriorate. Our work can provide a foundation for evaluating the performance evaluation and successfully implementing the atmospheric CV-MDI-QKD in the future field operation environment under different weather conditions.
Impact of neuroanatomical variations and electrode orientation on stimulus current in a device for migraine: a computational study
Authors: Salkim Enver , Shiraz Arsam , Demosthenous Andreas
Published: December 2019

Objective. Conventional treatment methods for migraine often have side effects. One treatment involves a wearable neuromodulator targeting frontal nerves. Studies based on this technique have shown limited efficacy and the existing setting can cause pain. These may be associated with neuroanatomical variations which lead to high levels of required stimulus current. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of such variations on the activation currents of the Cefaly neuromodulator. Also, using a different electrode orientation, the possibility of reducing activation current levels to avoid painful side-effects and improve efficacy, is explored. Approach. This paper investigates the effect of neuroanatomical variations and electrode orientation on the stimulus current thresholds using a computational hybrid model involving a volume conductor and an advanced nerve model. Ten human head models are developed considering statistical variations of key neuroanatomical features, to model a representative population. Main results. By simulating the required stimulus current level in the head models, it is shown that neuroanatomical variations have a significant impact on the outcome, which is not solely a function of one specific neuroanatomical feature. The stimulus current thresholds based on the conventional Cefaly system vary from 4.4 mA to 25.1 mA across all head models. By altering the electrode orientation to align with the nerve branches, the stimulus current thresholds are substantially reduced to between 0.28 mA and 15 mA, reducing current density near pain-sensitive structures which may lead to a higher level of patient acceptance, further improving the efficacy. Significance. Computational modeling based on statistically valid neuroanatomical parameters, covering a representative adult population, offers a powerful tool for quantitative comparison of the effect of the position of stimulating electrodes which is otherwise not possible in clinical studies.
Nonlinear high-amplitude excitations of the CuPt7 crystal lattice: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zakharov P V , Cherednichenko A I , Starostenkov M D , Eremin A M , Markidonov A V
Published: December 2019

This article analyzes the structure and properties of the CuPt7 crystal for the possible existence of non-linear high-amplitude oscillations of the light alloy component. The densities of the phonon states of a crystal are calculated and analyzed for its different structures. It is demonstrated that the phonon system of a crystal has a narrow forbidden zone. The dependences of the possibility of the existence of high-amplitude oscillations on the initial conditions are revealed. It is shown that such oscillations are possible with the initial deviation of the Cu atom from the equilibrium position by more than 0.95 Å for FCC CuPt7. For such oscillators, their lifetime, the amount of stored energy, and other characteristics were obtained, which make it possible to characterize nonlinear high-amplitude lattice vibrations.
Heat transfer in magnetic fluids in magnetic and electric fields
Authors: Vegera Zhanna
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the heat transfer process in magnetic fluid under the influence of electric and magnetic fields of various configurations. It is shown that a constant electric field leads to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient when a certain threshold value of tension in a thin layer of magnetic fluid is reached. The possibilities of controlling the heat transfer process using the additional effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields are found.