bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Небесният симпозиум. Коментарите към Йов 1:6 във византийската и славянската традиция
Authors: Христова-Шомова [Khristova-Shomova] Искра [Iskra]
Published: October 2016

Celestial symposium: Commentaries to the Book of Job 1:6 in the Byzantine and Slavic traditionsJob 1:6 is one of several places in the Bible where God’s sons (celestial beings) are men­tioned: “One day the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also came among them.” Numerous commentaries of the Church Fathers were included in the Greek catena to the Book of Job. Some of these were not written specially as commentaries to this passage but are extracts from works commenting the nature of the angels, their place in God’s providence and their role in human life. The author then goes on to discuss the two Slavic translations that were made of the catena. The first one comprises the majority of the texts included in the Greek catena, while the second one contains only two small passages from commentaries of Saint John Chrysostom and Olympiodoros. The article provides a comparison between Slavic texts, which were translated from Greek in the Balkans at the same time: in the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century. Several miniatures from medieval Greek manuscripts, which illustrate the Celestial symposium, are represented at the end of the article. Niebiańskie sympozjum. Komentarze do Księgi Hioba (1, 6) w bizantyńskiej i słowiańskiej tradycjiWerset 1,6 Księgi Hioba jest jednym z wielu miejsc w Biblii, w którym wspomina się synów Bożych: „Zdarzyło się pewnego dnia, gdy synowie Boży udawali się, by stanąć przed Panem, że i szatan też poszedł z nimi”. Ogromna liczba komentarzy Ojców Kościoła do Księgi Hioba została zawarta w greckiej katenie. Niektóre z nich nie zostały napisane jako bezpo­średni komentarz do tego wersetu, lecz są wypisami z prac autorów, komentującymi naturę aniołów, ich miejsce w Bożej opatrzności, a także rolę w życiu ludzkim. Ponadto istniały dwa słowiańskie przekłady kateny. Pierwszy zawierał większość tekstów pochodzących z greckiej kateny, a drugi składał się zaledwie z dwóch passusów, będących wyimkami z komentarzy św. Jana Chryzostoma i Olimpiododrosa.W artykule porównano teksty słowiańskie, które zostały przetłumaczone z języka greckiego na Bałkanach w tym samym czasie: pod koniec wieku XIV lub na początku XV. W artykule przedstawiono również kilka miniatur pochodzących ze średniowiecznych greckich rękopisów, przedstawiających niebiańskie sympozjum.
Неизвестен славянски текст на катена към Псалтира в два ръкописа от Хилендар
Authors: Карачорова [Karachorova] Ивона [Ivona]
Published: October 2016

An unknown Slavic text of a catena to the Psalter, in two manuscripts from the Hilandar monasteryThis article presents a hitherto unknown catena to the Psalter. It is divided in two parts, placed in two manuscripts: in Manuscript No. 116 (psalms 1 through 76), and in Manuscript No. 117 (the remaining psalms). The catena contains commentaries of more than 15 Byzan­tine authors. The article then goes on to compare the Psalter text accompanying the catena with texts of other editions. It becomes clear that the text of the Hilandar manuscripts is very close to the texts of the Mount Athos edition and of Cyprian’s edition, although it has its own characteristics. The newly found catena is the most voluminous catena translated into a Slavic language. The discovery of the text will lead to new researches into the history of the Slavic Psalter and the Slavic translations of the Bible. Nieznany słowiański tekst kateny do Psałterza w dwóch rękopisach z klasztoru ChilandarArtykuł prezentuje nową i nieznaną dotąd katenę do Psałterza. Podzielona na dwie części znajduje się w dwóch rękopisach: N:116 (do Psalmu 76) i N:117 (od Psalmu 77 do końca). Katena zawiera komentarze pochodzące od ponad piętnastu bizantyńskich autorów. Tekst Psałterza, będący częścią kateny, został porównany z tekstami innych komentatorów. Dzięki temu widać wyraźnie, że tekst z manuskryptów chilandarskich jest bliski tekstom komentowanym na Górze Atos, a także na Cyprze, mimo że posiada swoją własną specyfikę. Nowoodkryta katena jest najbardziej obszernym dokumentem tego typu przełożonym na język słowiański. Jej odkrycie umożliwi nowe badania nad historią słowiańskiego Psałterza i słowiańskich przekładów Biblii.
Коментарите към библейските четива от Теофилакт Охридски в ръкописните сбирки в Полша
Authors: Stradomski Jan
Published: October 2016

Bible Commentaries by Theophylact of Ohrid in the collection of manuscripts in PolandIn the Church Slavonic literary tradition, Theophylact of Ohrid is mostly associated with his exegeses to the Bible. The collections of Cyrillic manuscripts in Poland include only a single copy of his annotated Book of Gospels (BN 12431 III, beginning of the sixteenth century), which has not yet been the subject of a separate study. The book is particularly interesting and valuable, as it contains archaic linguistic features, proving that it is an extremely old copy of the first Slavonic translation of the work. This is an important example of the presence of manuscripts related to Old East Slavonic, and also indirectly – Old Church Slavonic literary tradition in the former Polish-Lithuanian state. The article gives a codicological and linguistic characteristic of this manuscript, and its primary aim is to draw attention to the manuscript from researchers of the works of Theophylact of Ohrid, the Church Slavonic literature, and the Bible. Komentarze do Ewangelii Teofilakta Ochrydzkiego w zbiorach rękopisów w PolsceW cerkiewnosłowiańskiej tradycji piśmienniczej postać Teofilakta Ochrydzkiego najczę­ściej kojarzona jest z jego egzegezami do ksiąg biblijnych. W zbiorach rękopisów cyrylickich w Polsce znajduje się tylko jeden egzemplarz Ewangeliarza komentowanego (BN 12431 III, początek XVI wieku), który dotychczas nie był przedmiotem osobnych badań. Kodeks należy do szczególnie ciekawych i cennych, bowiem zawiera archaiczne cechy językowe, świadczące o tym, że jest kopią bardzo starego tekstu pierwszego słowiańskiego przekładu dzieła. Jest to ważny przykład obecności na terenach dawnego państwa polsko-litewskiego rękopisów związanych ze staroruską, a pośrednio również starobułgarską tradycją piśmienniczą. Artykuł jest kodykologiczną i językową charakterystyką tego rękopisu i ma na celu zwrócenie na niego uwagi badaczy zajmujących się twórczością Teofilakta Ochrydzkiego oraz cerkiewnosłowiańską literaturą biblijną.
Композитите като маркери за святост в „Похвална беседа за софийските мъченици“ от XVI в.
Authors: Цибранска-Костова [TSibranska-Kostova] Марияна [Mariiana]
Published: October 2016

Composita as marks of holiness in the sixteenth‑century Eulogy for the Sofia MartyrsThe article presents preliminary observations concerning the excerpts from the Book of Jeremiah in the Archival Chronograph (fifteenth century) and Vilno Chronograph (sixteenth century). According to their content, localization and linguistic characteristics, they fall into two main groups. Some of the excerpts are identified as chapters from the Slavic Prophetologion and are connected with the translation made by Cyril and Methodius. Other chapters, which are not included in the Cyrillic and Glagolitic liturgical books, belong to the first, probably untranslated or now lost, part of the Book of Jeremiah. The excerpts that cannot be found in the Prophetologion also have archaic linguistic bases, connected to the translational techniques characteristic of the Cyrillo-Methodian translations, and differ considerably from the translation with commentaries that was made in Preslav. Whether these excerpts belong to an independent earlier translation, made by Methodius and his co-workers, or they are extracts from encyclopaedic miscellany, they provide valuable material for the study of this biblical book and of the Old Bulgarian translation of the Old Testament. Złożenia jako znaki świętości w szesnastowiecznej Eulogii męczenników SofiiArtykuł prezentuje wstępne obserwacje na temat fragmentów Księgi Jeremiasza, znajdujących się w zbiorach Archival Chronograph (XV wiek) i Vilno Chronograph (XVI wiek). Zgodnie z ich zawartością, miejscem powstania i cechami językowymi wchodzą one w skład dwóch głównych grup. Niektóre fragmenty są rozpoznane jako rozdziały słowiańskiego parimejnika i są związane z przekładem autorstwa śś. Cyryla i Metodego. Inne rozdziały, które nie weszły w skład cyrylickich i głagolickich ksiąg liturgicznych, należą do pierwszej, prawdopodobnie nieprzetłumaczonej lub zaginionej, części Księgi Jeremiasza. Fragmenty, które nie znajdują się w parimejniku także mają archaiczną podstawę językową, związaną z technikami translatorskimi, charakterystycznymi dla przekładów cyrylometodejskich i znacznie różnią się od przekładu z komentarzami, powstałego w Presławiu. Bez względu na to, czy fragmenty te są cześcią wcześniejszego, niezależnego tłumaczenia wykonanego przez Metodego i jego współpracowników, czy są fragmentami z encyklopedycznego miscellaneum, stanowią ważny punkt odniesienia do badania tej biblijnej księgi, a także starobułgarskiego przekładu Starego Testamentu.
Адам и Ева, единосъщите – модел и мит на първата библейска двойка в българския междувоенен роман
Authors: Попова [Popova] Аглика [Aglika]
Published: October 2016

Adam and Eve, consubstantial: Model and myth of the first Biblical couple in Bulgarian interwar novelThe article examines the first biblical couple as a tool for comparative analysis of the mod­ernist tendencies of Bulgarian novel in the period between the two World Wars. The research focuses on works by Chavdar Mutafov, Anna Kamenova, and Dimitar Dimov, along with examples taken from French and Romanian literary pieces as representatives of the wider, European history of ideas. In the image of Creation, but also the image of the original sin, Adam and Eve are of interest because of their unity, which eventually becomes the basis of the Christian family after they leave the Garden of Eden. The borders of the model given in the Bible are breached with the introduction of a new reading – the figures of Creation can now also be seen as figures of salvation. The knowledge gained by the existing studies of myth in European literature thus becomes the foundation for a revision of the hitherto selective interpretation of works by the Bulgarian novelists. The point of intersection between the dif­ferent approaches towards the first couple is their arduous integration into the surrounding world, and adaptation to the passage of time. Another prominent feature is the discussion about the possible development of the model; the newly introduced definition of salvation that comes after Creation and the fall of man. Adam i Ewa współistotni – model i mit pierwszej biblijnej pary w bułgarskiej powieści międzywojennejTematem artykułu jest pierwsza biblijna para ludzi, rozumiana jako wiodący motyw analizy porównawczej modernistycznych tendencji w bułgarskiej powieści okresu międzywojennego. Jako przykład posłużyły prace Czawdara Mutafowa, Anny Kamenowej i Dimityra Dimowa, a także francuskie i rumuńskie utwory literackie, służące osadzeniu wywodu w szerszym kontekście europejskiej historii idei. Zarówno w obrazie Stworzenia, jak i w obrazie grze­chu pierworodnego, postacie Adama i Ewy są interesujące ze względu na ich jedność, która ostatecznie staje się podstawą chrześcijańskiej rodziny po opuszczeniu przez nich rajskiego ogrodu. Granice modelu podanego w Biblii zostają naruszone przez wprowadzenie nowego odczytania – figury Stworzenia mogą być również odczytywane jako figury zbawienia. Wiedza zdobyta dzięki dotychczasowym studiom nad mitem w literaturze europejskiej staje się pod­stawą do rewizji selektywnej interpretacji bułgarskich powieściopisarzy. Punktem wspólnym dla różnych podejść w badaniu pierwszej pary ludzi jest ich trudna integracja z otaczającym światem i próba pogodzenia się z upływem czasu. Inną istotną cechą jest dyskusja na temat rozwoju tego modelu: nowo wprowadzona definicja zbawienia, które przychodzi po Stworzeniu i upadku człowieka.
Gry w podmiot. Szkic o (wczesnej) twórczości Mladena Stilinovicia
Authors: Bogusławska Magdalena
Published: October 2016

Games of a subject: A sketch of the (early) works of Mladen StilinovićThe article concerns the conceptualization of the subject in the works of the contemporary Croatian visual artist Mladen Stilinović. The object of analysis are most of all works (collages, texts) from the 1970s and early 1980s, when the artist formulated the basis for his creative philosophy and at the same time determined the directions of their research. His system of reference were the socialist state order and the traditionalist, academic system of artistic practice, which he criticized from the perspectives of Diogenes, philosophical Cynicism and constructive anarchism. Until this day, the attitude of resistance is the main creative principle for Stilinović’s art. He sets strong, conscious and autonomous creator’s “I” against symbolic violence of different systems (political, ideological, educational, etc.). This “I” is not so much the material and object of expression as a space of play based on concpetualism and self-irony. Gry w podmiot. Szkic o (wczesnej) twórczości Mladena StilinoviciaArtykuł dotyczy konceptualizacji podmiotu w twórczości współczesnego chorwackiego artysty wizualnego – Mladena Stilinovicia. Przedmiotem analizy są przede wszystkim prace (kolaże, teksty) z lat 70. i początku 80. XX wieku, kiedy to artysta formułował podstawy filozofii twórczej i określał kierunki swych poszukiwań. Układem odniesienia były dla niego wówczas socjalistyczny porządek państwa i tradycjonalistyczny, akademicki system praktyki artystycz­nej, które poddawał konsekwentnej krytyce z pozycji rozumnego, diogenesowskiego cynizmu i konstruktywnego anarchizmu. Do dziś postawa oporu jest dla Stilinovicia podstawową zasadą twórczą. Przemocy symbolicznej wszelkich systemów (politycznych, ideologicznych, edukacyjnych itp.) przeciwstawia mocne, świadome i niezależne „ja” twórcy. Jest tu ono nie tyle tworzywem i przedmiotem ekspresji, ile polem gry opartej na koncepcie i autoironii.
Influence of Bias Correcting Predictors on Statistical Downscaling Models
Authors: Vrac Mathieu , Vaittinada Ayar Pradeebane
Published: October 2016

Statistical downscaling models (SDMs) and bias correction (BC) methods are commonly used to provide regional or debiased climate projections. However, most SDMs are utilized in a “perfect prognosis” context, meaning that they are calibrated on reanalysis predictors before being applied to GCM simulations. If the latter are biased, SDMs might suffer from discrepancies with observations and therefore provide unrealistic projections. It is then necessary to study the influence of applying bias correcting to large-scale predictors for SDMs, since it can have impacts on the local-scale simulations: such an investigation for daily temperature and precipitation is the goal of this study. Hence, four temperature and three precipitation SDMs are calibrated over a historical period. First, the SDMs are forced by historical predictors from two GCMs, corrected or not corrected. The two types of simulations are compared with reanalysis-driven SDM outputs to characterize the quality of the simulations. Second, changes in basic statistical properties of the raw GCM projections and those of the SDM simulations—driven by bias-corrected or raw predictors from GCM future projections—are compared. Third, the stationarity of the SDM changes brought by the BC of the predictors is investigated. Changes are computed over a historical (1976–2005) and future (2071–2100) time period and compared to assess the nonstationarity. Overall, BC can have impacts on the SDM simulations, although its influence varies from one SDM to another and from one GCM to another, with different spatial structures, and depends on the considered statistical properties. Nevertheless, corrected predictors generally improve the historical projections and can impact future evolutions with potentially strong nonstationary behaviors.
Low-Tropospheric Shear in the Structure of Squall Lines: Impacts on Latent Heating under Layer-Lifting Ascent
Authors: Alfaro Diego A.
Published: October 2016

This study analyzes the dependence of the intensity of simulated midlatitude squall lines (SLs) at maturity on the strength of the environmental low-tropospheric shear, focusing on the amplitude of the latent heating produced within the deep convective region. The hypothesis motivating this investigation is that shear fundamentally affects system strength by modulating the mean convective instability of the storm-relative inflowing air, which is justified by the layer-lifting nature of convection in SLs.

The layer-lifting model of convection (LLMC) is proposed for measuring convective instability in the context of SLs, wherein latent heating is estimated by contemplating the storm-relative inflow of CAPE. This framework is used for defining LLMC indices for the precipitation rate and the updraft’s strength and verticality. Idealized SLs at maturity, simulated in a variety of kinematic and thermodynamic environments, encompass wide-ranging values of LLMC indices and degrees of cold pool–shear balance within the spectrum of cold pool–dominated storms.

LLMC indices account for much of the intercase variability in the updraft’s strength and verticality, the precipitation rate, and the convective mode apparent in radar reflectivity plots. It is found that the low-tropospheric shear fundamentally affects the intensity of SLs through its effects on latent heating, with stronger shear leading to larger inflowing convectively unstable air as a fraction of the total storm-relative inflow, favoring system intensity. This behavior could largely explain the dependence of storm intensity on the strength of shear documented in previous investigations, as cold pool–shear balance appears to be less restrictive on the intensity of mature SLs than the strength of the shear alone.
The Next Generation of Government CVE Strategies at Home
Authors: Cohen John D.
Published: October 2016

Using social media and other Internet-based communication platforms, groups such as ISIS have become effective at influencing vulnerable, disaffected young people who are in search of some sense of social connection and greater life purpose and encouraging them to commit acts of violence on behalf of their extremist cause. Traditional counterterrorism-related investigative strategies are insufficient to prevent these acts of targeted violence by lone offenders. Accordingly, we must expand the use of behavioral risk assessment methodologies as part of investigative protocols. We must empower local partnerships among law enforcement; the communities they serve; and others such as mental health professionals, educators, and faith leaders. Countering the terrorist narrative is not enough; we must adapt our efforts and prioritize holistic and collaborative ways to detect, assess, and intervene in situations where individuals may exhibit the behaviors and indicators of violent extremism in order to prevent a violent attack.
Notes on inventive methodologies and affirmative critiques of an affective edu-future
Authors: Staunæs Dorthe
Published: October 2016

What are the possible futures for educational research? The essay concerns two intertwined agendas. The first agenda is empirical and concerns how educational policy and leadership constitute, circulate, transform and modify feelings, moods and affects. Especially, motivation, engagement and the desire for learning are targets for policy and leadership technologies. This possible scenario is an affective edu-future that has connections to new modes of governance through standards and thereby present ways of leading educational organisations and the affective fabric hereof. The second agenda concerns the identification of suitable methodologies for researching and critiquing this affective edu-future and its performative effects. This brings me to the learning laboratory as an affective methodology and the possibility of affirmative critiques.
History and Organizational Change
Authors: Suddaby Roy , Foster William M.
Published: October 2016

This research commentary introduces historical consciousness to studying organizational change. Most theories of organizational change contain within them implicit assumptions about history. Made explicit, these assumptions tend to cluster into different models of change that vary by the assumed objectivity of the past and the associated malleability of the future. We explore and elaborate the implicit assumptions of history. We identify four implicit models of history in the change literature: History-as-Fact, History-as-Power, History-as-Sensemaking, and History-as-Rhetoric. We discuss the implications of theorizing organizational change from each of these views of history and outline future directions for studying change with a heightened understanding of history.
Motivations for multi-screening: An exploratory study on motivations and gratifications
Authors: Dias Patrícia
Published: October 2016

In contemporary society, the media landscape is complex and dynamic. Smartphones and tablets are proliferating, while the TV set is being passed over by other devices as the channel for TV content. These changes have implications on user behaviour, business models, technological platforms and content development. This article explores multi-screening, an emergent practice that combines watching TV and using a mobile device in articulation, by addressing the users’ motivations to engage in such practices. Our theoretical framework presents the state of the art of research on multi-screening and debates the main issues in the field using contributions from Mobile Communication Research and Uses and Gratifications Theory. Our empirical work consists of focus group discussions with multi-screeners, exploring the goals, needs, preferences and expectations associated with these practices. Our results identify uses where the activities on the TV and the mobile device are unrelated as more common, and two main gratifications are drawn out of these practices: utilitarian (associated with making a better use of time and being effective in accomplishing tasks) and affective (related to a constant and pressing need of being up-to-date with what is going on in the world and being connected to one’s network of relationships).
Transition of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein on hypothermic circulatory arrest with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Kano Hiroya , Takahashi Hiroaki , Inoue Takeshi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Okita Yutaka
Published: October 2016

Introduction:

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) is increasingly employed as a highly specific marker of intestinal necrosis. However, the value of this marker associated with cardiovascular surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest is unclear. The aim of this study was to measure serum I-FABP levels and provide the transition of I-FABP levels with hypothermic circulatory arrest to help in the management of intestinal perfusion.

Methods:

From August 2011 to September 2013, 33 consecutive patients who had aortic arch surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or heart valve surgery performed were enrolled in the study. Twenty patients had aortic surgery with hypothermic (23-29°C) circulatory arrest and 13 patients had heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (33°C).

Results:

I-FABP levels increased, both in patients undergoing aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest and heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, reaching peak levels shortly after the administration of protamine. I-FABP levels in patients with aortic surgery were significantly higher with circulatory arrest. They reached peak levels immediately after recirculation and there was a significant drop at the end of surgery (p<0.001). I-FABP levels in heart valve surgery were gradually increased, with the highest at the administration of protamine; they gradually decreased. Peak I-FABP levels were significantly higher in patients undergoing aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest than in patients with heart valve surgery. However, no postoperative reperfusion injury occurred in the intestinal tract due to the use of hypothermic organ protection.

Conclusion:

Plasma I-FABP monitoring could be a valuable method for finding an intestinal ischemia in patients with cardiovascular surgery.
The Bifocal Lens Model and Equation
Authors: Beckstead Jason W.
Published: October 2016

Background. Brunswik’s Lens Model and lens model equation (LME) have been applied extensively in medical decision making. Clinicians often face the dual challenge of formulating a judgment of patient risk for some adverse outcome and making a yes or no decision regarding a particular risk-reducing treatment option. Objective. In this article, I examine the correlation between clinical risk judgments and treatment-related decisions, referring to this linkage as “cohesion”. A novel form of the LME is developed to decompose cohesion. The approach is “bifocal” in that it focuses on 2 sets of linked responses from the same individual. Methods. Data from 2 studies were analyzed to illustrate how individual differences in cohesion could be explained by differences in the parameters of the bifocal lens model equation (BiLME). Results. Cohesion varied because of differences in cognitive control, similarities in the judgment and decision policies, and a possible reliance on a subjective threshold value applied to the judgments to make decisions. The parameters of the BiLME accounted for individual differences in cohesion; however, their relative influences differed between the two studies. Conclusion. The BiLME links the results from two regression models—one linear and one logistic—based on the same set of cases. In its current form, the equation holds promise for understanding cognitive individual differences that could underlie practice variation. With minor modifications, it becomes possible to apply the equation to traditional, dual-system judgment analysis studies, where continuous judgments are compared with an ecology composed of dichotomous outcomes, or vice versa. In this regard, the BiLME is quite flexible and adds to the set of tools available to judgment analysts.
Material recycling of post-consumer polyolefin bulk plastics: Influences on waste sorting and treatment processes in consideration of product qualities achievable
Authors: Pfeisinger Christian
Published: October 2016

Material recycling of post-consumer bulk plastics made up of polyolefins is well developed. In this article, it is examined which effects on waste sorting and treatment processes influence the qualities of polyolefin-recyclats. It is shown that the properties and their changes during the product life-cycle of a polyolefin are defined by its way of polymerisation, its nature as a thermoplast, additives, other compound and composite materials, but also by the mechanical treatments during the production, its use where contact to foreign materials is possible and the waste sorting and treatment processes. Because of the sum of the effects influencing the quality of polyolefin-recyclats, conclusions are drawn for the material recycling of polyolefins to reach high qualities of their recyclats. Also, legal requirements like the EU regulation 1907/2006 concerning the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restrictions on chemicals are considered.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of agricultural residue resources in the last 30 years in China
Authors: Yang Yanli , Zhang Peidong , Yang Xutong , Xu Xiaoning
Published: October 2016

The availability and distribution of biomass resources are important for the development of the bioenergy industry in a region. Biomass resources are abundant in China; however, the raw material is severely deficient, which makes the Chinese bioenergy industry an embarrassment and a contradiction. Unclear reserves and distribution and changing trends of biomass resources are the reason for this situation. A collection coefficient model of Chinese agricultural residue resources was established and the spatial and temporal pattern dynamics of agricultural residue resources in the last 30 years were analyzed. The results show that agricultural residue resources increased in stages from 1978 to 2011, including a rapid increase from 1978 to 1999, a significant fall from 2000 to 2004, and a slow increase from 2004 to 2011. Crops straw and livestock manure are the main ingredients of agricultural residue resources with proportions of 53–59% and 31–38%, respectively. However, the former has gradually decreased, while the latter is increasing. This mainly resulted from the strategic reorganization of the Chinese agriculture structure and the rapid development of large-scale livestock breeding and agricultural mechanization. Large regional differences existed in Chinese agricultural residue resources, and three distribution types formed, including resource-rich areas in North China, Northeast and Inner Mongolia, resource-limited areas in Central and Southwest China, and resource-poor areas along Northwest and Southeast coasts. This pattern is a reverse of the distributions of climatic conditions, water resources, economic development, human resources, and technological levels. Finally, it can be predicted that livestock manure and biomass conversion technology at low temperature will play increasingly significant roles in bioenergy industry development.
Consuming Animal Creatures: The Christian Ethics of Eating Animals
Authors: Clough David L.
Published: October 2016

This article argues that Christians have strong faith-based reasons to avoid consuming animal products derived from animals that have not been allowed to flourish as fellow creatures of God, and that Christians should avoid participating in systems that disallow such flourishing. It considers and refutes objections to addressing this as an issue of Christian ethics, before drawing on a developed theological understanding of animal life in order to argue that the flourishing of fellow animal creatures is of ethical concern for Christians. Since the vast majority of animal products currently available for purchase are derived from farmed animals reared in modern intensive modes that fail to allow for their flourishing, and this practice is harmful for humans and the environment as well as farmed animals, the article argues that Christians should avoid consuming these products.
Resemblances that matter: Lessons from the comparison between Southern Europe and East Asia
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio
Published: October 2016

Southern Europe and East Asia are two distinct groups of nations which share a number of striking family resemblances warranting a close investigation. Such resemblances form a relatively coherent set best captured through the concepts of familialism and familial welfare state. A cross-regional comparison of Italy, Japan, Spain and Korea leads to interesting results in both descriptive and explanatory terms, highlighting the role played by culture and religion as well as by the compressed modernization which characterized the four countries during the 20th century. The comparative exercise of this Special Issue offers a significant contribution to the wider field of welfare research. It reshuffles the cards of the traditional ‘world of welfare capitalism’ debate, shows the significance of region-level (as opposed to nation-level) variables and invites a specification of temporal arguments in institutional transformations.
Institutional Review Boards Evaluate Good Science: Template for Success
Authors: Suter W. Newton , Suter Paula M.
Published: October 2016

The focus of this article is scientific merit and how to embed this information in a compelling but brief way into research proposals. We begin by discussing why scientific validity is an important focus of an Institutional Review Board and describe what is scientifically meritorious (good science). We end with a simple checklist and practical template that can be used to strengthen the scientific rigor of proposed research apart from its compliance with safeguards for human subjects’ rights and welfare.
Using Donor Preferences in Evaluating Public Expenditures: A Suggested Procedure
Authors: Christainsen Gregory B.
Published: October 2016

This article provides a means of assessing the contribution of public expenditures to allocative efficiency, given the preferences of those who make charitable contributions. A test statistic is derived, which, when compared to the actual volume of government subsidies received by enterprises, indicates whether they are over- or under-subsidized. The statistic is couched in terms of parameters for which empirical estimates can be made. Employing existing estimates of these parameters, the use of such a statistic is then illustrated with reference to public expenditures for rehabilitation facilities in which disabled persons perform remunerative work—sheltered workshops.
The Size of Government, Capital Accumulation, and the Tax Base
Authors: Nellor David C. L.
Published: October 2016

A central tax policy concern is the role of particular tax bases in either stimulating or discouraging capital accumulation. While the consumption tax has been proposed as superior to the income tax in terms of its treatment of saving, the literature has shown that whether a consumption or income-based tax system is associated with greater capital accumulation is theoretically indeterminate. This article incorporates the role of public accumulation and changing government activities into its analysis of capital accumulation, which enables this ambiguity to be resolved. An examination of U.S. data for the 1929–1978 period suggests that had inflation adjustment of the income tax been adopted it would, contrary to the implication of several tax reform proposals, have resulted in greater accumulation than the implementation of a consumption tax.
Poverty, Transfers, and Economic Growth
Authors: Hirsch Barry T.
Published: October 2016

This article uses a time series of poverty estimates, corrected for several major deficiencies in the official index, in order to examine the sensitivity of poverty to changes in economic variables. It is found that changes in the “corrected” poverty deficit and poverty rate between 1959 and 1975 were significantly affected by economic growth, unemployment, and social welfare expenditures. Extension of the corrected poverty series through 1983 indicates that poverty has not decreased since 1979 and currently is about equal to its 1975 level.
Effects of Scale and Market Structure on the Costs of Residential Solid Waste Collection in Canadian Cities
Authors: Tickner Glen , Mcdavid James C.
Published: October 2016

The effects of scale of operation and market structure upon the unit costs of residential solid waste collection are simultaneously estimated for a sample of 100 Canadian cities. The findings point to substantial unit cost differences between public and private (contract) producers of solid waste collection. Private producers are 28% less expensive than their public counterparts. Scale economies were found for the producers in the sample. This finding is generally consistent with research published on American cities, but contradicts earlier research in Canada reported by Kitchen (1976). Important differences in costs attributable to service levels were also discovered. Frequency of collection was a key predictor of costs. Changing the frequency of collection from once per week to once every two weeks reduced unit costs by 34%.
A Note on Marginal Valuation of Underpriced Facilities
Authors: Hof John G. , Loomis John B.
Published: October 2016

This article points out that in a number of previous works on public investment criteria for underpriced facilities there is an implicit assumption that individuals demand either zero units or one unit of facility capacity. It is shown that if this assumption does not hold, previously identified investment criteria may at times be in error, because within-individual ordering of consumption units is not accounted for. Several different nonprice rationing schemes are discussed in which this assumption is not made, and solutions are presented that account for within-individual ordering of consumption units.
Habit strength as a moderator of the association between symptoms of poor mental health and unintentional non-adherence to oral hypoglycemic medication in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Burns Rachel J , Deschênes Sonya S , Knäuper Bärbel , Schmitz Norbert
Published: October 2016

This study tested if habit strength for taking oral hypoglycemic medication moderated the association between poor mental health symptoms (i.e. depressive symptoms, diabetes distress) and unintentional non-adherence in 790 adults with type 2 diabetes. Data were cross-sectional. A habit strength × depressive symptom interaction was observed. Depressive symptoms were negatively associated with adherence if habit was weak or of average strength; no association was observed if habit was strong. A similar interaction emerged when diabetes distress was examined. Results suggest that habit strength might operate as a buffer in the association between poor mental health symptoms and medication adherence.
Suffering and liberation in the age of therapy: Germany’s ‘grandchildren of the Second World War’
Authors: Jakob Lina
Published: October 2016

This article focuses on the ‘ Kriegsenkel’ – the German ‘grandchildren of the Second World War’. Born in the 1960s and 1970s, Kriegsenkel feel that through processes of transgenerational transmission unresolved war experiences were passed on to them by their families and are largely responsible for their emotional problems – from depression and anxiety disorders to relationship break-ups and career problems. I explore how, after decades of public taboos on the suffering of the majority population, this emergent identity is constructed and addressed entirely within the framework of Western therapeutic culture. Sociologists have long critiqued therapy culture for promoting political disengagement and attitudes of victimhood. Based on more than 80 ethnographic interviews, I argue that this view needs to be moderated to account for the ways in which individuals use therapeutic culture to exert agency and devise strategies to actively deal with emotional distress in an environment where wartime suffering is considered politically sensitive.
Combining intercultural dialogue and critical multiculturalism
Authors: Stokke Christian , Lybæk Lena
Published: October 2016

In the last two decades, the concept of multiculturalism has come under attack in political and academic discourses. Simultaneously, European governments have accommodated key aspects of multicultural policies, both nationally and internationally. In academic debates, it has been suggested that ‘multiculturalism’ can be replaced by ‘interculturalism’. This paper responds to those suggestions. We argue that, while liberal state multiculturalism risks essentializing minority groups, critical multiculturalism as a social movement refers to minority struggles to be recognized as equals in relation to the majority. Interculturalism as policy opens up a space for dialogue where minoritized people, individually and collectively, can find their own voices and negotiate their own identities and interests as well as the shared values of larger society. While multiculturalism is partly about legal rights and policies, it is also about possibilities for participation, opening up public spaces for dialogue and negotiations where the voices of minoritized groups and individuals are heard, providing an opportunity for living together in a diverse society marked by mutual understanding and adjustment. We conclude with the suggestion that intercultural dialogue should be combined with critical multiculturalism. In other words, the theory and practice of intercultural dialogue need to go beyond liberalism and take into account critical multiculturalism’s emphasis on the positionality of all perspectives. A theory and practice of genuine intercultural dialogue cannot ignore power relations, the empirical fact that some people speak ‘from above’ and others ‘from below’.
Testosterone downregulates angiotensin II type-2 receptor via androgen receptor-mediated ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway in rat aorta
Authors: Mishra Jay S , Hankins Gary D , Kumar Sathish
Published: October 2016

Introduction:

Blood pressure is lower in females than males. Angiotensin II type-2 receptor (AT2R) induces vasodilation. This study determined whether sex differences in vascular AT2R expression occur and if androgens exert control on AT2R expression in the vasculature.

Methods:

AT2Rs in the aorta of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were examined following alteration in androgen levels by gonadectomy or hormone supplementation.

Results:

AT2R mRNA and protein expression levels were lower in the aortas of males than females. In males, testosterone withdrawal by castration significantly elevated AT2R mRNA and protein levels and testosterone replacement restored them. In females, increasing androgen levels decreased AT2R mRNA and protein expression and this was attenuated by androgen receptor blocker flutamide. Ex vivo, dihydrotestosterone downregulated AT2R in endothelium-intact but not endothelium-denuded aorta. Dihydrotestosterone-induced AT2R downregulation in isolated aorta was blocked by an androgen receptor antagonist. Furthermore, blockade of ERK1/2 but not p38 MAP kinase or TGFβ signaling with specific inhibitors abolished dihydrotestosterone-induced AT2R downregulation.

Conclusion:

Androgens downregulate AT2R expression levels in aorta, in vivo and ex vivo. The androgen receptor-mediated ERK1/2 MAP kinase-signaling pathway may be a key mechanism by which testosterone downregulates AT2R expression, implicating androgens’ contributing role to gender differences in vascular AT2R expression.
Phonological Patterns in the Hebrew Bible: A Century of Studies in Sound
Authors: Keefer Arthur
Published: October 2016

This article traces the history of scholarship on sound patterns in the Hebrew Bible. Beginning in the nineteenth century, studies devoted to biblical Hebrew phonological patterns or devices entertain questions and debates that continue for over a century. Many works contribute concepts, frameworks, definitions and typologies to the phonic repertoire. Others employ such tools by identifying, organizing and explaining sounds in the biblical texts themselves. These two sides of scholarship—theory and application—characterize the field and include recurring questions of how to classify or define sound patterns, and also how to determine sound’s function. This article attends to the landmark studies and turning points from 1865 to 2015, especially underscoring the various terminologies. It is structured according to key scholars and by decades that share a common approach.
Localization algorithm for large-scale wireless sensor networks based on FCMTSR-support vector machine
Authors: Zhu Fang , Wei Junfang
Published: October 2016

Sensor node localization is one of research hotspots in the applications of wireless sensor network field. A localization algorithm is proposed in this article which is based on improved support vector machine for large-scale wireless sensor networks. For a large-scale wireless sensor network, localization algorithm based on support vector machine faces to the problem of the large-scale learning samples. The large-scale training samples will lead to high burden of the training calculation, over learning, and low classification accuracy. In order to solve these problems, this article proposed a novel scale of training sample reduction method (FCMTSR). FCMTSR takes the training sample as point set, get the potential support vectors, and remove the non-boundary outlier data immixed by analyzing relationships between points and set. To reduce the calculation load, fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is applied in the FCMTSR. By the FCMTSR, the training time is reduced and the localization accuracy is improved. Through the simulations, the performance of localization based on FCMTSR-support vector machine is evaluated. The results prove that the localization precision is improved 2%, the training time is reduce 55% than existing localization algorithm based on support vector machine without FCMTSR. FCMTSR-support vector machine localization algorithm also addresses the border problem and coverage hole problem effectively. Finally, the limitation of the proposed localization algorithm is discussed and future work is present.
Unexpected complications with head and neck hydrogel microsphere particle embolization: A case series and a technical note
Authors: Khoury Naim N , Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Kotowski Marc , Raymond Jean , Roy Daniel , Weill Alain
Published: October 2016

Endovascular particle embolization is a common procedure with a relatively safe profile. We report here four cases in which cranial nerves, skin and mucosal ischemic complications occurred with the use of hydrogel microspheres (250–500 µm in size). Given the compressibility and higher penetration potential of microsphere particles compared with polyvinyl alcohol particles of similar size, we suggest oversizing hydrogel microsphere particles for head and neck embolizations.
Numerical simulation and performance analysis of a four-stage centrifugal pump
Authors: Li Wei , Jiang Xiaoping , Pang Qinglong , Zhou Ling , Wang Wei
Published: October 2016

In this article, performance analysis of a four-stage centrifugal pump is presented and discussed by means of numerical simulation and experimental test methods. Calculation domain in simulation was created based on a four-stage real pump model and meshed with the high density of structured grids according to the grid independence analysis. The numerical simulations under multi-conditions were performed based on standard k-e turbulence and standard wall function. Pump performance curves acquired by numerical simulation and the test are basically coincident; the total head, total power, and efficiency values are similar and changing trend is consistent under the different flow conditions. Flow in first stage is dramatically different compared with other stages. The results present that the four-stage simulation could reflect the real flow more precisely than the two-stage simulation, but also have higher requirements about the computer configuration. To balance the time consuming and numerical accuracy, two-stage simulation is a better choice to predict the pump performance. The results of this study provide the basis and reference for the further improvement of multistage centrifugal pump performance.
Policy Interventions and Relative Incomes of Families with Children by Family Structure and Parental Education
Authors: Moller Stephanie , Misra Joya , Wemlinger Elizabeth , Strader Eiko
Published: October 2016

Cross-nationally, scholars conceptualize welfare states as both systems of stratification, reinforcing status distinctions between groups, and systems granting social rights to citizens. With growing inequality in the postindustrial era, it is particularly important to understand the role of the state in reinforcing or ameliorating inequality. The authors focus in this article on households with children, because there has been substantial polarization in income among these households. The authors consider how welfare state interventions affect a broad array of households that differ on crucial characteristics such as family structure and parental education. Focusing on European and North American welfare states between 1985 and 2007, the authors illustrate which households benefit in different policy contexts. Most policies do not have differential associations with income for mothers with different levels of education. However, tax policies are associated with variations that relate to partners’ education. Finally, childcare policies are associated with variations in income for both single-parent and dual-parent households.