bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of climate change adaptation capacity of agriculture in Ho Chi Minh
Authors: Vu Linh T.
Published: August 2021

This research used sociological survey method combined with Likert scale and the factor analysis method to assess adaptability to climate change from 4 factors including awareness of climate change, experience in responding to climate change, government support and access to resources. Based on the results of social survey of 10 districts related to agricultural activities in Ho Chi Minh City, the research calculated the score for 4 criteria and zoning for climate change adaptation value for each district. The results showed that high and average - resilient districts were Cu Chi, 9 and 12. Cu Chi was rated to have the highest adaptability, with an overall adaptability value of 0.86. Indeed, Cu Chi district was noted for having support from the government and access to the highest level of support among the 10 districts. Meanwhile, Binh Chanh, Go Vap and Thu Duc districts were located in a low adaptability area
Microencapsulation of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) fruit oil in Ca-Alginate bead produced through Jetcutter
Authors: Truong Vinh
Published: August 2021

The Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) fruit oil was microencapsulated in Ca-Alginate bead by Jetcutter equipment. Experiments showed that the effects of emulsion preparation and equipment parameters were significant on particle size, microencapsulation yield, loading capacity and solids recovery efficiency of the device. At alginate concentration of 2.5%, the bead had a spherical size of 1.07 - 1.18 mm when the fluid flow was 14 mL/min and the rotation of the cutting disc was 400 - 800 rpm. Samples stored for 2 h after homogenization showed better microencapsulation yield (83 - 84%) and bead size (1.07 mm) than those stored for 24 h after homogenization (79% and 1.18 mm). When the loading capacity increased from 20% to 40%, the mole ratio (CaCl2-alginate) in the bead was reduced from 1.55 to 0.86. This mole ratio data can be considered to control and adjust CaCl2 concentration during the continuous operation of the Jetcutter.
Effect of nitrogen levels on growth and development of three Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn) cultivars pot-planted in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Pham Duong T. T.
Published: August 2021

Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn) is favored in decoration because of its long-lasting and colorful flowers. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen on the growth and development of three Lisianthus cultivars pot-planted in Ho Chi Minh City. The experiment was laid out in split - plot design (SPD) with four levels of nitrogen (3; 4; 5; 6 g/pot) being the main factor and three Lisianthus cultivars (Pink; Yellow; White/Purple) being the subordinate factor. Each pot was planted with one plantlet. The results indicated that plants applied with 4.0 g nitrogen per pot gave the best performance in plant height (18.41 cm) and number of leaves (24.08 leaves/plant) at 60 days after planted (DAP). The Pink cultivar reached the highest plant height (19.92 cm), number of leaves (43.53 leaves/plant) as well as number of flowers buds (12.31 buds/plant). The Pink cultivar, when applied with 4.0 g nitrogen/pot, gave the highest plant height (21.38 cm) at 60 DAP.
Effects of organic fertilizer levels and spray rates of organic solution on tomato yield (Lycopersicum estulentum Mill.)
Authors: Nguyen Loan T.
Published: August 2021

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate effects of organic fertilizer levels and spray rates of organic solution on tomato yield. A 4 x 3 factorial field experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design was conducted in Spring - Summer season 2018 at the experimental site of Faculty of Agronomy (Vietnam National University of Agriculture). The two factors included (1) organic fertilizer rates with four levels (0, 11, 13.5, & 16 tons/ha) and (2) sprayed concentration of HB101 organic solution with three levels (0, 0.15, & 0.3 mL/L). The amount of water used for 1 ha was 10.000 L. The experimental results showed that increased amounts of organic fertilizer and HB101 solution doses positively increased the number of flowers per inflorescence, number of inflorescences per plant, number of fruits per plant, average weight of fruit, and tomato yield. Meanwhile, combinations of 16 tons/ha of organic fertilizer and HB101 solution at the concentrations of 0.3 mL/L and 0.15 mL/L gave the highest tomato yield with 44.0 tons/ha and 42.6 tons/ha, respectively. The highest profit margin obtained with the treatment of nonapplication of organic sources was 3.8. However, the highest economic profit was obtained with the treatment of 16 tons/ha of organic fertilizer combined with 0.15 mL/L HB101.
Evaluation of the general combining ability of S4 cherrytomato selfing lines and growth performance of the S5 lines
Authors: Tran Lam V.
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to determine the suitable cherry tomato lines for using as a hybrid material production. Experiments were arranged in sequence without repeating. The results from estimating the General Combining Ability (GCA) of 25 tomato S4 selfing lines showed that ten S4 lines (D3.4; D10.4; D11.4; D12.4; D14.4; D15.4; D17.4; D19.4; D21.4 and D25.4) performed high GCA values based on the practical yield characteristic. Ten tomato S5 selfing lines were characterized by yielding 41.49 - 50.57 tons per ha, red ripened fruit, high brix values of 6.9 - 8.1% and medium resistance to Phytophthora infestans disease. In brief, those tomato lines could be a suitable material source for the production of F1 - hybrid tomatoes
Analysis of genetic diversity of 100 cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) cultivars screened in Binh Phuoc based on nut yield and ISSR markers
Authors: Pham Toan D.
Published: August 2021

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important tropical tree, belonging to Anacardiaceae family and has high economic value growing in Vietnam. The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity of cashew distributed in Binh Phuoc province for breeding development and conservation. A total of 100 cashew samples of over 10 years age distributed in Binh Phuoc province were divided into eight main groups based on nut yield. In contrast, the cluster analysis was divided 100 cashew samples into 12 groups based on 11 ISSR markers. The genetic diversity of 100 cashew samples ranged from 0.04 to 0.26, with a mean of 0.19. The results showed that cashew samples were high levels of polymorphism based on nut yield, as well as the ISSR markers. The results of this research would be one of the important information in the genetic evaluation of cashew trees and useful information for cashew breeding development in future.
Effects of ethephon treatment at pre-harvest stage on leave color, growth time, and sesame seed yield and quality (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Vo Tuyen T. X
Published: August 2021

The effect of ethephon spray on leaves at pre-harvest stage to accelerate the ripening process of capsules and sesame defoliation was studied. Sesame plant was treated with ethephon at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm when the capsules on plant began to mature, the seeds turned black. The results showed that ethephon treatment caused yellowing of leaves, accelerated defoliation and the growth time of sesame plants was shortened from 5 to 6 days compared to the control sample. In addition, the ethephon concentration of 50 and 100 ppm caused yellowing of leaves with chlorophyll index measured at 3 days after treatment was 13.5 and 12.7, respectively. At ethephone concentration of 200-500 ppm caused complete yellowing and defoliation of leaves in 3 days after treatment. The leaves of control sample were still green and had chlorophyll index of 22.2. Treatment of ethephon with concentrations of 50-300 ppm did not reduce the yield and lipid content in the seeds compared to the control sample, but from 400 ppm or more caused cracking of capsules, reducing yield and lipid content in the seeds. Ethephon treatment did not affect the number of capsules/plant, number of seeds/capsule, weight of 1000 seeds, protein content and seed color.
Phytochemical analysis of Ardisia silvestris leaf extracts and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Authors: Huynh Biet V.
Published: August 2021

The phytochemical analysis and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Ardisia silvestris extracts were carried out. The bioactive compounds of Ardisia silvestris leaves were extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water by immersion and microwave method. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of Ardisia silvestris extracts. The antibacterial properties of Ardisia silvestris tested against of Staphylococcu saureus, Samonella sp., and Escherichia coli were determined by using agar diffusion method. The agar diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial effects of both plant extracts on the test organisms. The results showed that Ardisia silvestris leaves contained compounds such as essential oils, fats, alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, anthocyanoids, carotenoids, organic acids, reducing agents, proanthocyanidins, saponins and anthraquinones. Ardisia silvestris leaves had a total polyphenol content of 0.26% dry matter, tannin of 8.8%, and a total flavonoid of 1.44 mg/g. The ethyl acetate extract and water extract of the leaves had the antioxidant activity and were 4.2 and 4.4 times lower than ascorbic acid, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Ardisia silvestris had the highest oxidative activity. The zone of inhibition of the plant extract diameters at the concentration of 100 µl/ml ranged between 9.67mm and 20.67mm for ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, respectively on E. coli. Similarly, the zones of inhibitionof ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts diameters were 14.67 and 15.33 mm, respectively on Samonella sp., however, it was not shown for Staphylococus aureus.
Genetic parameter estimates for important traits on the fifth generation in red tilapia in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Sang V.
Published: August 2021

Genetic parameters comprising heritability, genetic correlation and genotype by environment interaction (GxE) for growth survival rate and body colour at harvest were estimated on the 5th selective generation of red tilapia grown in two environments, freshwater and brackishwater ponds. A total of 116 full-half-sib families was produced as well as 4,432 and 3,811 tagged individuals were tested in freshwater and brackishwater ponds, respectively. Genetic parameters were estimated by ASReml 4.1 software. The heritability for body weight and survival rate was high while medium heritability for body colour in freshwater was observed. The heritability for those traits of red tilapia in brackishwater. Together with the figures in earlier publication on previous generations (G1 to G4) in the same selective population, the expected medium to high response acquires if selection is done for each trait. Genetic correlations among harvest body weight, survival rate and body colour are insignificantly different and ranging from -0.25 to 0.37 (P > 0.05). These results implied that selection on one trait do not influence on responses of the other traits. GxE interaction for body weight and body colour between two tested environments is mostly negligible with genetic correlations ranging from 0.63 - 0.80 while it is important for survival trait (rg = -0.17 ± 0.40).
Optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thumb leaves
Authors: Vu Anh T.
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the application of cellulase enzyme in the extraction of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thumb leaves and optimize the extraction conditions. Independent variables, including enzyme concentration (25 - 100 µg/mL), temperature (30 - 50oC), time (30 - 120 min) and ratio of raw materials to enzyme (1:15 - 1:30 g/mL), were investigated. Extraction conditions of flavonoids were designed according to Central Composite Design - Uniform Precision (CCD), a response surface methodology using a software JMP Pro version 13. The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were found to be enzyme concentration (78.0 µg/mL), temperature (41oC), time (90 min), and the ratio of material to the enzyme (1:26 g/mL). Under such conditions, the highest content of flavonoids (24.04 ± 0.05 mg/g, dry matter) was obtained and validated. It can be concluded that the flavonoids can be optimally extracted under the optimal extraction conditions with assistance of cellulase.
Alcoholic fermentation of red flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Hoang Binh Q.
Published: August 2021

The experiment was conducted to determine effects of sodium metabisulfite content, flesh and water mixing ratio, total soluble solids content, percentage of additional yeast and fermentation time on alcoholic fermentation of red flesh dragon fruit. The results showed that all factors influenced the fermentation. The most appropriate fermentation conditions were use of juice without water mixing, addition sodium metabisulfite content of 80 ppm, the total soluble solid content of 22oBrix, 5% of yeast solution and 13-d fermentation.
Evaluation of dietary supplementation of organic minerals on survivability and feed efficiency in larval rearing of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Le Hung T.
Published: August 2021

Microminerals of Zn, Se, Cu, Fe, Mn and Cr were supplemented in the feed either in inorganic minerals (sulfate salt) or organic minerals (Methionine-mineral) at various concentrations over an 8-week period. Catfish fry (15-day old) were fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish were challenged by immersion in a solution of Edwardsiella ictaluri bacteria. The mortality was monitored for 14 days. The results showed that the survival rates of fish fed the organic mineral-supplemented diets were higher than those fed the inorganic mineral-supplemented diets. Treatment 7 supplemented with organic minerals of 60.0 mg/kg Zn, 0.40 mg/kg Se and 0.40 mg/kg Cr had the highest weight gain and survival rates and the lowest FCR, there were significant differences in those parameters between treatment 7 and the control diet supplemented with inorganic minerals. The variation in fish weight and length of treatment 7 was also lowest and significantly different (P < 0.05) from that of the control treatment. After 14 days of bacteria challenge, the cumulative mortality of fish in the control treatment was highest (67.86%) and the cumulative mortality of fish in treatment 7 was lowest (34.82%), and the cumulative mortality rates of fish in these two treatments were significantly different (P < 0.05) from those of the others. The cumulative mortalities of fish in organic minerals treatments were lower than those of fish in inorganic mineral treatments. The study indicated that the dietary supplementation of organic minerals of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) would improve growth, survival rate and disease resistance to E. ictaluri bacteria in Pangasius catfish nursing (from 15 to 75 days old).
Release kinetics of lime essential oil (Citrus aurantifolia) from beads microencapsulated through ion-gel method
Authors: Truong Vinh
Published: August 2021

Ca-Alginate beads for microencapsulation of lime oil (Citrus aurantifolia) by ion-gel method was manufactured and then soaked in Chitosan solution to obtain Ca-Alginate-Chitosan beads. Increased CaCl2 concentrations reduced lime essential oil release. The alginate concentration (2 to 3%) and water temperature significantly affected the release of oil (P < 0.05). The higher temperatures, the higher the release rate. The oil release at 75oC was twice as much as at 45oC. At 45oC, the difference in the release rate among the alginate concentrations of 2%, 2.5% and 3% was clear and statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, at 60oC and 75oC, there was no significant difference in release between the alginate concentration of 2.5% and 3% (P > 0.05). In the storage of beads in 1% CaCl2 solution at normal temperature, after the first 15 days, Ca Alginate-Chitosan system released about 3% slower than Ca-Alginate system, but there was no difference between the two systems after 45 days. This shows that if prolonged for a long time, the ion-gelation of Ca-Alginate prevails over the Alginate-Chitosan cross-link.
Survey and analysis of flowers and ornamental plants at some nurseries in Ho Chi Minh City according to criteria for garden design
Authors: Duong Tien T. M.
Published: August 2021

This research was carried out from October 2017 to October 2018 at some ornamental plant stores and nurseries in district 7, Go Vap district, district 10, Tan Binh district and Binh Chanh district. These are important ornamental plant trading and producing areas in Ho Chi Minh City. This study aimed to identify and analyse the potentials of using ornamental flowers, plants and trees for garden design. The investigation was conducted through questionnaire surveying, morphological comparison, species identification. The collected data was then statistically analysed. We divided these districts by zones and routes for the invesgation. There were 542 identified ornamental plant species in Ho Chi Minh City. According to the analysis of 7 important groups of ornamental plants such as tree trunks, shape of the tree, leaves, and flower groups, the bonsai pots for interior display, with large leaves, dark green to light green colors, large flowers, height from 0.1 to 1 m and no fragrance is common. Briefly, the obtained results would contribute to the design and construction of gardens in Ho Chi Minh City
Evaluation of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from “nem chua Thu Duc”
Authors: Nguyen Phuong T.
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to select some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to produce bacteriocin isolated from two different local brand names of nem chua Thu Duc, a Vietnamese traditional fermented meat product. Eight different LAB strains were isolated from products. However, only Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from 72-h fermented “Ba Chin” products and Weissella paramesenteroides isolated from 120-h fermented “Diem” products were selectively screened for their bacteriocin production. The antimicrobial activity was detected by the agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13076, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 25924 used as target strains. Bacteriocin of Pediococcus pentosaceus strain showed a high antibacterial ability with a sterile ring diameter that produces an average of 12.20 - 16.07 mm. Bacteriocin of Weissella paramesenteroides strain only showed inhibitory activity on the growth of indicator microorganisms with an average inhibitory ring diameter of 9.75 - 15.27 mm. In conclusion, it seems like both bacteriocin-producing P. pentosaceus and W. paramesenteroides give potential applications as a starter culture, bio-preservation and bio-safety control in fermented meat as well as other kinds of fermented foods.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils on food pathogens
Authors: Tong Ngoc T. A.
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to screen the antibacterial activity of seven types of essential oils against 5 bacteria and 4 strains of E. coli using disk diffusion and MIC method. The essential oils were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria as compared to Gram-negative species. Thyme and cinnamon essential oils showed strong antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms tested. Especially, the tested essential oils inhibited the growth of multi-antibiotics resistant bacteria isolated from food processing chains, indicating the possibility of their potential use in reality. The MIC values of cinnamon and thyme essential oils against E. coli ATCC 25922, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa were 512-1024 µg/mL and 1024-4096 µg/mL, respectively. The present study provided useful information and showed the potential use of cinnamon and thyme essential oils in food storage as natural antimicrobial preservatives.
Effects of type and concentration of alginate on microencapsulation characteristics of lime essential oil (Citrus aurantifolia) produced by extrusion-dripping methods
Authors: Truong Vinh
Published: August 2021

The extrusion-dripping method to produce alginate-calcium beads for microencapsulation of lime oil (Citrus aurantifolia) was carried out in this study. The experimental range of alginate concentration was from 1 to 4%. Above 1% alginate concentration, viscosity was pseudoplastic behavior. The size (1.52 - 1.57 mm) and sphericity (above 95%) of the beads were maximum at alginate concentration of 2 - 3%. The extrusion-dripping method was not applicable when alginate concentration was over 3.5% due to the high viscosity resulting in low sphericity. The two types of alginates with a protein content of 9% (alg1) and 2% (alg2) had the same microencapsulation yield of 73 - 74%. However, the solid recovery of alg2 (98.99%) was much higher than that of alg1 (52.71%). This is because alg2 has a higher purity and if it is used in production, it is easier to control the content of active ingredients and reduce the amount of organic waste that is harmful to the environment compared to alg1.
Pengaruh Metode Inkuiri terhadap Hasil Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Siswa Kelas V di SD Negeri 3 Dompu Tahun Pembelajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Hidayat Hidayat
Published: August 2021

Metode inkuiri merupakan suatu proses mental yang lebih tinggi tingkatannya. Hasil pembelajaran adalah hasil yang dicapai setelah diberikan tes hasil belajar pada setiap akhir pembelajaran. Masalah yang dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah Apakah ada pengaruh penggunaan metode inkuiri terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam tentang Tumbuhan Hijau siswa kelas V SD Negeri 3 Dompu tahun pembelajaran 2020/2021. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas V sebanyak 54 orang siswa sehingga penelitian ini adalah penelitian populasi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu, angket dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan rumus regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data bahwa metode inkuiri tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan dengan R2= 0,011 x 100%= 1,1% terhadap hasil belajar siswa dan yang paling besar signifikan besarnya adalah sebanyak  99,9% oleh faktor lain. Dengan hasil persamaan regresinya adalah, Y = 2.615+1.167x. Maknanya jika variabel X adalah 0 maka nilai variabel Y adalah 2.615 dan jika variabel X di naikkan satu satuan maka variabel Y akan menjadi 1.167. Sehingga dengan demikian  tujuan (Ha) yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh metode inkuiri terhadap hasil belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam tentang Tumbuhan Hijau siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 3 Dompu tahun pembelajaran 2020/2021 tidak dapat diterima atau ditolak. Berarti hipotesis Nihil (Ho) diterima, artinya metode Inkuiri tidak dapat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam tentang tumbuhan hijau, karna banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.
Formulating the legislative structure of a hate crime
Authors: Schweppe Jennifer
Published: August 2021

Whilst hate crime legislation is well established in the three jurisdictions of the United Kingdom, Ireland has failed to address the issue of hate crime on a statutory basis. This article will seek to explore what legislative structure is most appropriate for such legislation in an Irish context, drawing on a comparative analysis of both the form and operation of such legislation in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Canada.
STUDI KASUS: TERAPI BLOWING BALLON UNTUK MENGURANGI SESAK NAFAS PADA PASIEN ASMA
Authors: Suwaryo Putra Agina Widyaswara , Yunita Selfa , Waladani Barkah , Safaroni Aprilia
Published: August 2021

Asma ditandai dengan adanya  inflamasi kronik saluran nafas   yang melibatkan berbagai macam mediator dan sel inflamasi yang saling keterkaitan sehingga menghasilkan perubahan fisiologis dan struktur jalan nafas. Pengobatan asma bertujuan menjadikan keadaan asma dapat dikontrol.Asma yang dapat dikontrol yaitu keadaan asma yang tanpa gejala. Relaksasi pernafasan mempunyai banyak tehnik diantaranya dengan menggunakan tehnik blowing ballon (tiup balon). Tujuan studi kasus ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas pemberian terapi blowing ballon pada pasien asma dengan diagnosa ketidakefektifan pola nafas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subyek dalam penelitian ini yaitu 3 pasien yang menderita asma dengan usia 13-50 tahun, menderita asma lebih dari 3 bulan, frekuensi kekambuhan ≤ 2 kali/minggu dan bersedia menjadi responden. Terapi dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali. Studi dilakukan selama 2 minggu pada bulan Februari 2021. Hasil studi kasus didapatkan ketiga pasien memberikan respon positif dan mengalami penurunan respirasi. Rata-rata frekuensi respirasi pasien 21-23x/menit dengan keluhan sesak berkurang. Terapi blowing ballon untuk menstabilkan frekuensi pernafasan pasien asma.
REMEMBERING XIAO SHAN IN BA JIN ESSAYS THE WOUNDS OF THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION
Authors: Alkaff Nadira , Gunawan Hin Goan
Published: August 2021

The Cultural Revolution era was a dark period in Chinese history. The resistance to the power of Chairman Mao by literati people has resulted in deep wounds, as a result of intimidation, bad stigma, exclusion, and even imprisonment which often ends in death. Ba Jin's essay Remembering Xiao Shan can be seen as a mirror reflecting the deep wounds experienced by the author who is accused of being part of a counterrevolutionary group. Not only himself, but his beloved wife also had to bear the wounds of the Cultural Revolution. This study uses a hermeneutical analysis model to explore the author's "living world" in the text Reminiscing Xiao Shan about the sorrow experienced by himself, his fellow authors who were labeled as part of right-wing resistance, and the people he loved during repressive times under the control of Mao Zedong. The Cultural Revolution was long gone, but the wounds it caused were not easy to heal, and so Ba Jin documented it in the text in the form of an essay. In the end, time has proved that the idea of ​​resistance carried out by people like Ba Jin is irresistible, as has been proven by the current capitalistic economic style in China. The close people, even Ba Jin's wife were indeed neglected by the Red Guards, but their thoughts are still alive today.
THE IDIOMATIC MEANING OF 成语 CHENGYU WHICH HAS NATURAL ELEMENTS
Authors: Veronica Desy , Chandra Yulie Neila
Published: August 2021

Mandarin is rich in vocabulary, including the form of 成语chéngyǔ, which is one of the most important parts in Mandarin. Every 成语chéngyǔ has its own background story, including history. Therefore, to understand the meaning of 成语chéngyǔ must understand the background of the story from 成语chéngyǔ. This article describes the idiomatic meaning of 成语chéngyǔ which has natural elements contained in the book of 成语故事Chéngyǔ Gùshi. Each Han character (汉字 Hànzì) that becomes an element in成语chéngyǔ does not reflect the overall meaning of the forming element, so that in general the成语chéngyǔ has idiomatic meaning. The method used in this writing is qualitative descriptive. There are 21成语chéngyǔ with natural elements in the book of 成语故事 Chéngyǔ Gùshi, however only one 成语chéngyǔ which contains partial idiom meanings, the other 20 of 成语chéngyǔ contains the full idiom meaning because of the forming elements do not reflect the idiomatic meaning. 成语chéngyǔ has a syntactic function in the sentence, as well as functions as advice, satire, and also praise to people indirectly.
NON-EQUIVALENCE TRANSLATION AT WORD LEVEL FROM MANDARIN TO INDONESIAN IN HIGHSCHOOL/MA MANDARIN TEXTBOOK
Authors: Wijayanti Gustini
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to analyze the non-equivalence translation at the word level, including translation strategy to solve the non-equivalence translation result from Mandarin to Indonesian in the Highschool/MA Mandarin textbook published Depdikbud. This research used the qualitative research method. This research proves 24 non-equivalence translation data from the source language (Mandarin) to the target language (Indonesian) at the word level. Non-equivalencies in the translation from Mandarin to Indonesian are caused by the misunderstanding word, phrases, or expressions in the source language. The translator can use the strategy to get the equivalent translation at the word level primarily by using the more familiar word and closer to the level from the source language (Mandarin) and using paraphrase.
TRADISI SEMBAHYANG CIOKO (鬼節Guǐ Jié) DI PAN KHO BIO, BOGOR CIOKO (鬼節Guǐ Jié) TRADITION IN PAN KHU BIO, BOGOR
Authors: Wahyuni Ni Putu Diah , Hartati C. Dewi
Published: August 2021

Cioko as one of the ceremonial traditions in Chinese culture has a meaning as a sense of devotion to the ancestors for the Chinese community. They believe that in this world humans do not live alone and their ancestors can still witness from a different realm. Prayers are performed to remember the ancestors and so that the ancestors are calm in their nature. This prayer also aims to ask for protection from their ancestors. Similarly, the Chinese in Bogor held the Cioko ceremony at a temple in Bogor, namely Pan Khu Bio. In addition to the Chinese community who held the Cioko celebration, the people who lived around Pan Kho Bio also helped during Cioko. Starting from preparation, helping decorate the temple to cleaning the temple after Cioko finished. Despite differences in beliefs, residents help each other at the temple and form a social bond.
The Modal Particles in the Storybook 原我这么棒 Yuánlái Wύ Zhème Bàng By Li Huizhen Partikel Modalitas dalam Buku Cerita 原来我这么棒 Yuánlái Wǒ Zhème Bàng Karya Li Huizhen
Authors: Handayani Yayan Yunita , Chandra Yulie Neila
Published: August 2021

Particles in Mandarin can be divided into three kinds, namely structural, aspectual, and modality or modal particles. The particles have their own functions, as well as having grammatical meanings. This article discusses the particles of modality in the children's storybook entitled原我这么棒(Yuánlái Wύ Zhème Bàng)  'I'm So Great' by Li Huizhen. Particles of modality are widely used in the context of the conversation in the storybook, namely 啊 a, 吧 ba, 啦la, 了le, 啰luo, 吗ma, 嘛ma, 哪na, 呢ne, 呀ya, 哟yo. Through distributional analysis methods, as well as with the technique of evaporation and transfer analysis, the modality particles can be matched with phatic particles in Indonesian, such as 'ya', 'lah', 'sih', 'lho', and 'dong' which are generally located behind sentences, and some behind clauses.  However, the meaning of the particles is uncertain and unsteady because each depends on the context of the sentence or the meaning of the sentence. The presence of modality particles in a sentence can change the meaning of a sentence, its type of sentence, or its language function.
Evaluation of slip ratio correlations in two-phase flow
Authors: Tran Thanh Tram , Park Hyun-Sik
Published: August 2021

Critical flow is one of the essential parameters in LOCA accident analysis in which pressure difference is very high. Void fraction (α), in another term, slip ratio, s, is the key parameter that could affect critical flow prediction. Henry-Fauske (HF) model is the model for critical flow calculation existing in current computer codes such as MARS, RELAP, TRACE. However, the limitation of this model is slip ratio s=1. By modified the slip ratio correlation, the paper focuses on evaluating the HF model. Among the chosen correlations for slip ratio, Smith correlation is the best option for this purpose. The results in our paper showed that while the original Smith correlation with k=0.4 is suggested for horizontal tests, the modified one with k=0.2 could be applied for vertical tests.
Cooperating Teachers' Practices in Handling Pre-service Teachers in Elementary Schools of Davao City
Authors: Cabanlit Emmie
Published: August 2021

Cooperating teachers' (CT) capability to handle preservice teachers (PST) is viewed as a critical collaborating role in teacher education program. This study investigated cooperating teachers' practices in handling pre-service teachers, their bases for these practices, and implications for professional enhancement. Qualitative thematic-deductive analysis under the consensual qualitative research (CQR) was used in the study, using semi-structured interview as instrument for drawing out constructs and narratives from the purposive samples. Practices performed by the cooperating teachers, as shown by the results, were categorized as mentoring and supervisory. Practices such as soliciting feedback from daily experiences, providing simple or modest physical resources or accommodation, and demonstrating ways in building collegial skills fall under mentoring practices. Supervisory practices consisted of assessing the readiness of the PSTs to handle classroom responsibilities, checking and approving the lesson plan, conducting class observation, honing the PSTs' skills in holding co-curricular activities, conducting conferences to elicit agreement and feedback, and monitoring progress in teaching. These said practices were anchored on experiential insights, practical applications, colleague consultation, pre-service teachers' manual, and orientations from the sending school. Based on the findings, cooperating teachers are still wanting of competencies from in-service training to augment their personalized practical practices. This study recommends that an enhancement training program be provided to enrich practices in handling future PSTs who are soon graduates of the new teacher education curriculum.
Rebuilding the Lives of Former Drug Dependents in Davao City through the Sagop Kinabuhi Program 2
Authors: Gascon Mervin , Ortiz Gladys Florangel
Published: August 2021

Drug dependency is strongly connected with poverty and gender issues. An initiative of the University of Southeastern Philippines Extension Office and the Archdiocesan Action Center of Davao City, the Sagop Kinabuhi Program 2 (SKP2) aims to provide socioeconomic opportunities to former drug users. This paper details the participatory action research that involves this marginalized sector, their families and the representatives of the various government and nongovernment agencies comprising the SKP2 platform. Using critical systemic approach to address issues related to drug dependency, poverty and vulnerability, the participants were led to regain their self-respect and self-confidence through various pathways designed to enhance their skills and capabilities. Their narratives and the findings suggest that the dominant strategies being used to address the problems confronted by the drug dependents and their families are positivist and systematic. They do not reflect the individual voice, choice and agency of the victims of drug dependency. Community drug rehabilitation therefore must be systemic and inclusive to ensure that the strategies used are reflective of the real interests of this sector and their families.
Preservice Teachers Entry Credentials, SATT Performance and Academic Achievement: A Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Labad Velma , Hiponia Juse Lyn , Gabales Bonifacio
Published: August 2021

This study ascertains the discriminant model that could  best explain preservice teachers academic achievement. Using the University of Southeastern Philippines  Admission Test (USePAT) and Standardized Admission Test for Teachers (SATT) results as predictor variables, a descriptive-discriminant research design was used involving 771 preservice teachers in a span of 3 school years. Variables entered in the discriminant model were numerical, verbal (SATT constructs), abstract, and general information (USePAT constructs). It is recommended that the University should revisit the USePAT  to  determine  other  measures as entry requirements in lieu of the ratings in the content subjects “ English, Math and Science - as these did not figure into the discriminant model.
Survey on Ethno-Veterinary Practices of Native Chicken Raisers in Davao Region, Philippines
Authors: Nadela Hyde
Published: August 2021

Nine hundred (900) native chicken raisers were surveryed to verify the extent of ethno-veterinary practices in controlling diseases and parasites in Davao Region. In this survey, the author analyzed the extent of traditional medicine usage vis-Ã -vis that of modern drugs. Twenty four herbal species, 5 ethno remedies, 7 herbal dewormers, 6 herbal insecticides and one method for eliminating fowl mites were documented. Some herbs have multiple medicinal uses and others vary in their dosage and preparation, thus, the need for standardization and validation. Results also reveal that a significant percentage of raisers neither treat (23%) nor deworm (41%) their flock, an indication that some raisers do not consider native chicken production as an economic enterprise but only as a source of food for the family.
Application of Absorbent Polymer in Improving Moisture Retention and Growth Performance of 'Lakatan' Banana (Musa sapientum L.) under Nursery Condition
Authors: Tuyogon Ruel , Amplayo Ireneo , Abenoja Ryan
Published: August 2021

Absorbent polymers allow the soil to retain a substantial amount of moisture. This property plays a vital role in producing banana plantlets to mitigate the adverse condition of the climate. This study determines the effect of absorbent polymers in improving moisture retention in the soil and on the growth response of â€˜lakatanâ€™ banana plantlets under nursery conditions. Three factors were used in determining the effect: irrigation amount, irrigation frequency, and amount of polymer. The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a 3x3x2 factorial experiment in split-split plot design arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results of the study indicated that the interaction of the three factors had a significant effect on the morphological characteristics of the banana plantlets. The irrigation frequency and the amount of polymer significantly affected the average plant height and leaf area increment of the banana plantlets. However, the girth size was only affected by the amount of irrigation and polymer. Moisture retention was observed in the soils treated with the absorbent polymer. Partial budget analysis revealed that a benefit-cost ratio of 2.33 was obtained using twice a week irrigation frequency with a 15 mm volume of application.
A Critical Ethnography of Myanmar Migrants’ Grassroots Multilingualism at a Chinese Massage Parlour
Authors: Ni Zhijuan
Published: August 2021

While China is broadening its gateway into South Asia and Southeast Asia, millions of foreign migrant workers cross the border and seek their transnational fortune in China’s border provinces. However, within the existing literature in migrant workers in China, language is rarely a research target in itself. As one of the important social actors language plays a key role shaping migrant workers’ life trajectories. Adopting Spolsky’s language policy theory and following the critical ethnography with migrant workers (Han, 2013; Mathews, 2011), this study explores the interplay of national polices of massage parlour management at a macro level, employers’ stipulations of managing Myanmar migrants at a meso level and Myanmar migrants’ language practices at micro level. Grounded upon critical sociolinguistic ethnography, data is collected from a China’s massage parlour at border town through the participant observation in and out of massage parlour, field notes, semi-structured interviews and documents. The study probes into how Chinese geopolitics of the wider process of regional development facilitates or constrains Myanmar migrants, how they mobilize social resources to expand their multilingual repertoires and how Chinese employer manages Myanmar migrants in language and life aspects. Findings reveal that there is no specific language policy at the recruitment stage. However, when Myanmar migrant workers start to work, language emerges as implicit but powerful medium streaming the likelihood of upward mobility. Other social factors, such as gender, nationality, religion and class also influence their mobility and integration into China’s local society. The study expands the understanding of language management and grassroots multilingualism in the context of globalization from below. Also the study provides implications on language policy making, migrants integration and education for migrants of multilingual backgrounds.
A Study of the Feminization of Young Men's Dress in the Upper Class in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China
Authors: Tian Zhiwei , Liu Yu
Published: August 2021

When the decree to cut pigtails and change clothing was introduced in the late Qing and early Republican periods, there were many clothing changes. The feminization of men's clothing was widely discussed at the time as a distinctive dress code trend. This article looks at the historical documents that documented this event and analyses the specific manifestations of this phenomenon by looking at the groups and regions where the feminization of men's clothing took place. The article analyses the phenomenon of men wearing women's clothing to blur their gender and explore the image of cross-dressing men in the society of the time and its meaning. Through the analysis of historical documents on the diverse, outward expressions of cross-dressing men, the fact that diversity in masculinity existed in that time is illustrated. This leads to further induction of the respective images of masculinity and a discussion of the various reasons behind this phenomenon. The article concludes with an attempt to reveal the motives that produced the feminization of men's dressing, both in terms of external social and internal causes, and to discuss whether the feminization of men's dressing in the late Qing Dynasty involved transgender identity the analysis of masculinity.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 17, No. 9
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: August 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 17, No. 9 2021.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 10 No. 4
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: August 2021

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: jfr@ccsenet.org

Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 4

 

Ammar Eltayeb Ali Hassan, University of Tromsø, Norway

Bruno Alejandro Irigaray, Facultad de Química, Uruguay

Claudia Alejandra Narvaez, University of Manitoba, Canada

Corina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Romania

Diego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain

Elke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria

Elsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária (INIA), Portugal

Emma Chiavaro, University of Parma, Italy

J. Basilio Heredia, Research Center for Food and Development, Mexico

Liana Claudia Salanta, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Romania

Mohd Nazrul Hisham Daud, Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute, Malaysia

Philippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria

Rania I. M. Almoselhy, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Vezirka Jankuloska, University "St. Kliment Ohridski"- Bitola, Republic of Macedonia

Y. Riswahyuli, Gadah Mada University, Indonesia
"Humanism" and "Humanness": Dissolution and Reconstruction of Human Subjectivity in the Horizon of Technological Alienation
Authors: Zhou Qinglong
Published: August 2021

The inquiry into the nature of modern science and technology is an in-depth discussion of the relationship between science and technology and human lifestyles, and the alienation of science and technology is a problem area that occupies an important position in this discussion. From a philosophical point of view, the humanistic and moral consideration of the alienation of science and technology, the comprehensive study and overview of the dialectical relationship between man and science and technology, are helpful to clarify the constructive relationship between the essence of science and technology and the true subjectivity of man. The essence of science and technology lies in the essence of human beings, and the root of the alienation of science and technology lies in the alienation of human nature. Therefore, from the perspective of "being human", through the liberation of modern science and technology, we can achieve the weakening of the alienation of science and technology, in order to realize the reconstruction of human subjectivity, and provide for the weakening of the shackles brought by the development of modern science and technology and the realization of free development of human beings. The theoretical perspective of philosophy.
REHABILITATION AND MODULATION AIMED AT AMELIORATING AWARENESS IN ANOSOGNOSIA FOR HEMIPLEGIA
Authors: Moro Valentina , Pacella Valentina , Luxon Deborah , Cocchini Gianna
Published: August 2021

Anosognosia for hemiplegia is a multifaceted syndrome that has a detrimental impact on the patient. Various theories based on behavioural and neuroanatomical data have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying the symptoms. These approaches have resulted in the development of a number of different proce- dures aimed at reducing symptoms or enhancing residual aware- ness. The article reviews rehabilitation attempts and their effects on individual cases and groups of patients.

A selection of material was made using indexed articles published between 1987 and 2019. The inclusion criteria were: i) the presence of a neuropsychological assessment and ii) the presence of one or more methods specifically used to reduce AHP symptoms, or to enhance residual forms of awareness.

The review indicates that intervention procedures have moved from bottom-up to more cognitive and metacognitive approaches. In fact, initially anosognosia for hemiplegia was considered to be a co-oc- current symptom of other neuropsychological conditions (e.g. spa- tial neglect) and interventions were borrowed from the rehabilitation techniques that had had success in relieving these other disorders. When anosognosia was identified as an independent syndrome and residual forms of awareness were demonstrated, procedures attempting to modulate awareness started to focus on specific components of the disease, such as visual perspective, motor monitoring and the updating of beliefs.

Although further research is needed in this field, the most recent approaches seem to give more stable, lasting results than earlier methods. A timeline for interventions relating to anosognosia is suggested, and ethical issues are also discussed.