bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method to Find the Differential Equations from the Bond Graph Containing Inertial Elements in Derivative Causality
Authors: Ibănescu Radu , Ibănescu Mihaela
Published: February 2022

The bond-graph method is used for finding the equations which describe the systems dynamics, by analysing the way of power transmission from the source to the working elements. When the energy storage elements I and C are in integral causality, the number of state equations equals the number of these elements. If there are also energy storage elements in derivative causality, the system contains a number of differential equations equal to the number of energy storage elements in integral causality and a number of algebraic equations equal to the number of energy storage elements in derivative causality. The work presents a new method for finding the system of differential equations for mechanical systems with one degree of freedom, starting from the original system which contains both algebraic and differential equations.
An Empirical Estimation of Cutting Force for Face Milling Using a Stationary Dynamometer
Authors: Croitoru Cristian
Published: February 2022

Being known the lack of information about constants that appear in the Kienzle relationship, this work proposes a solution to reduce the effort required to customize their values.

Applied to face milling, the proposed procedure makes it possible to identify the coefficients in the case of turning, using experiments under certain conditions of similarity, which are then used to calculate the principal cutting force in the case of milling.

The proposed procedure uses a stationary dynamometer both to measure the cutting force in the case of turning and to calculate the tangential force in the case of face milling.

The experiments carried out have tried to simulate a real processing case for industry, the worpiece material being used as supplied by the supplier.
Models for the Influence of Transmission Errors and Hobbing Forces Upon a Complex Gear Drive
Authors: Merticaru Eugen , Merticaru Vasile
Published: February 2022

The paper describes a theoretical research approach that performs a dynamic study upon a complex gear transmission. The transmission errors of the gears from the considered complex gear drive are considered when kinematics is analyzed and presented. The cutting forces from a gear hobbing process, possibly driven by such a complex gear transmission, are considered when parameters of the dynamic model are mathematically evaluated and presented. The proposed model development includes the obtaining of the differential equation for kinetic energy. Some discussions are also made regarding the studied complex mechanism. Practically, mathematical models for the influence of transmission errors and hobbing forces upon the considered complex gear drive are proposed as deliverable results of the study. Final conclusions are also included in the paper. The aspects discussed in the paper are presenting utility for the design of such mechanisms or for calculating the parameters of some gear hobbing processes.
Enclosure for Testing the Electromechanical Devices When Changing the External Conditions
Authors: Oroian Bogdan , Slătineanu Laurenţiu , Condrea Ionuţ , Botezatu Carmen , Hriţuc Adelina
Published: February 2022

The use of electromechanical devices in many areas has led to the need to solve problems related to their proper functioning and the possibility that some external factors may affect their operation. The purpose of the developed research was to design and materialize a solution to test the operation of the computer hard disk as an electromechanical device. The systemic analysis method was used to highlight the factors capable of influencing the operation of a computer’s hard disk. The components of a hard disk performance testing equipment were identified to evaluate the operation of the hard disk at the variation of some input factors. An enclosure solution was subsequently established and implemented using the idea diagram method to evaluate the functioning of the hard disk when changing the values of some input factors capable of affecting the intensity of the process of losing the functional qualities of the hard disk.
Equilibrium stacks for a three-person game on a product of staircase-function continuous and finite strategy spaces
Authors: Romanuke Vadim
Published: February 2022

A method of solving a three-person game defined on a product of staircase-function strategy spaces is presented. The spaces can be finite and continuous. The method is based on stacking equilibria of “short” three-person games, each defined on an interval where the pure strategy value is constant. In the case of finite three-person games, which factually are trimatrix games, the equilibria are considered in general terms, so they can be in mixed strategies as well. The stack is any interval-wise combination (succession) of the respective equilibria of the “short” trimatrix games. Apart from the stack, there are no other equilibria in this “long” trimatrix game. An example is presented to show how the stacking is fulfilled for a case of when every “short” trimatrix game has a pure-strategy equilibrium. The presented method, further “breaking” the initial “long” game defined on a product of staircase-function finite spaces, is far more tractable than a straightforward approach to solving directly the “long” trimatrix game would be.
Machine Learning and Traditional Econometric Models: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Pérez-Pons María E. , Parra-Dominguez Javier , Omatu Sigeru , Herrera-Viedma Enrique , Corchado Juan Manuel
Published: February 2022

Context: Machine Learning (ML) is a disruptive concept that has given rise to and generated interest in different applications in many fields of study. The purpose of Machine Learning is to solve real-life problems by automatically learning and improving from experience without being explicitly programmed for a specific problem, but for a generic type of problem. This article approaches the different applications of ML in a series of econometric methods.

Objective: The objective of this research is to identify the latest applications and do a comparative study of the performance of econometric and ML models. The study aimed to find empirical evidence for the performance of ML algorithms being superior to traditional econometric models. The Methodology of systematic mapping of literature has been followed to carry out this research, according to the guidelines established by [39], and [58] that facilitate the identification of studies published about this subject.

Results: The results show, that in most cases ML outperforms econometric models, while in other cases the best performance has been achieved by combining traditional methods and ML applications.

Conclusion: inclusion and exclusions criteria have been applied and 52 articles closely related articles have been reviewed. The conclusion drawn from this research is that it is a field that is growing, which is something that is well known nowadays and that there is no certainty as to the performance of ML being always superior to that of econometric models.
Handling Realistic Noise in Multi-Agent Systems with Self-Supervised Learning and Curiosity
Authors: Szemenyei Márton , Reizinger Patrik
Published: February 2022

1Most reinforcement learning benchmarks – especially in multi-agent tasks – do not go beyond observations with simple noise; nonetheless, real scenarios induce more elaborate vision pipeline failures: false sightings, misclassifications or occlusion. In this work, we propose a lightweight, 2D environment for robot soccer and autonomous driving that can emulate the above discrepancies. Besides establishing a benchmark for accessible multi-agent reinforcement learning research, our work addresses the challenges the simulator imposes. For handling realistic noise, we use self-supervised learning to enhance scene reconstruction and extend curiosity-driven learning to model longer horizons. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed methods achieve state-of-the-art performance, compared against actor-critic methods, ICM, and PPO.
Clinical impact of post-progression survival in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer after chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Imai Hisao , Kobayashi Daijiro , Kaira Kyoichi , Kawashima Sayaka , Masubuchi Ken , Murata Masumi , Ebara Takeshi , Kitamoto Yoshizumi , Minato Koichi
Published: February 2022

Background

The efficacy of first-line chemoradiotherapy for overall survival (OS) might be confounded by the subsequent treatments in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we assessed the associations of progression-free survival (PFS) and post-progression survival (PPS) with OS after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC using patient-level data.

Patients and methods

Between January 2011 and December 2018, 45 patients with locally advanced NSCLC who had received first-line chemoradiotherapy and in whom recurrence occurred were analysed. The associations of PFS and PPS with OS were analysed at the individual level.

Results

Linear regression and Spearman rank correlation analyses revealed that PPS was strongly correlated with OS (r = 0.72, p < 0.05, R2 = 0.54), whereas PFS was moderately correlated with OS (r = 0.58, p < 0.05, R
2 = 0.34). The Glasgow prognostic score and liver metastases at recurrence were significantly associated with PPS (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The current analysis of individual-level data of patients treated with first-line chemoradiotherapy implied that PPS had a higher impact on OS than PFS in patients with locally advanced NSCLC. Additionally, current perceptions indicate that treatment beyond progression after first-line chemoradiotherapy might strongly affect OS.
Familial Terminology and the Progressive Nature of Church Membership in Cyril of Jerusalem
Authors: Huovinen Harri
Published: February 2022

There is too little study of Cyril of Jerusalem’s notion of the ecclesiological identity of baptismal candidates. I found that his use of familial terminology was not simply limited to that of the Biblical and Patristic models, i.e., fully initiated members of the church. He applied it to unbaptized candidates as well. They shared in a primal yet real membership of the ecclesial family. They were progressively brought into church membership through the individual rites of initiation, each contributing to a growing transformation in the candidates. They could be identified as family even prior to their ultimate, baptismal adoption as members. This article fills a significant gap in research on the late fourth century theology of initiation. It provides present-day catechists with a deeper understanding of their baptismal candidates’ ecclesiological status. It opens a Patristic and ecumenical vista into the relationship of non-Orthodox Christians with the Orthodox church.
Intersecting Inequalities: The Representation of Religious, Gender, and Sexual Identities in the Life of Pelagia
Authors: Bodnaruk Mariana
Published: February 2022

Repentant harlots who became trans saints presented Byzantine hagiographers with a challenge. Thought to exhibit a lack of self-control and the excessive sexuality, associated with women, and sex workers in particular, – a subject of great concern for monastic authors – how could members of this stigmatized group achieve the standards of Christian piety, let alone saintly behavior? In portraying its fictional protagonist as an exemplum of masculine virtues in the context of nascent Palestinian monasticism, the anonymous Life of Pelagia highlights the non-binariness of social identities in early Byzantium, unsettling fixed gender categorization. Conceiving of a trans figure of an ascetic subverting conventional binaries, the Life creates a model for incorporating non-conforming masculinities of Byzantine society within the normative hagiographic genre.
From Paganism to Christianity and the Administrative-Ecclesiastical Integration of the Parishes on the Middle Valley of Târnava Mare in the Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries
Authors: Şvrea Adrian Nicolae
Published: February 2022

This paper aims at describing the process through which religious rites and rituals have changed within settlements located along the middle valley of the Târnava Mare River, evolving from pagan manifestations to the emergence of Catholic ecclesiastic institutions, contributing thus to a new regional religious identity. The archaeological findings of the Mediaş group indicates the practice of the cremation rite in this particular area, which was a common custom up until the mid-ninth century. In the following ninth to eleventh century period, however, there is a gap in archaeological evidence relevant to the funeral rite; no burial grounds or cemeteries have been identified, and only one settlement in Albeşti (Mureş County) was found. The Târnava Mare basin was shortly encompassed within the Hungarian Kingdom. Thus, starting with the twelfth century, a series of indagines were built and defended by the Szeklers’ communities. The cemetery on the so-called Dealul Viilor in Sighişoara is attributed to the Szeklers. A new burial ritual was observed, namely an anthropomorphic practice, after German populations settled down along the Târnava Mare valley and after the arrival of Dominican monks in Sighişoara, where they erected a Dominican convent. From an institutional point of view, these settlements were placed under the jurisdiction of the Transylvanian bishopric and of the chapters/ diaconates of Mediaş, Laslea/Criş, Târnava Mare, Târnava Mica, Saschiz, Tileagd.
Ad Subsidium Terrae Sanctae: Military Religious Orders and the Cismarine Expansion of the Borders of Christianitas
Authors: Todika Raul-Alexandru
Published: February 2022

This article aims to discuss the presence of the military religious orders at the frontiers of Christianitas during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, a period when the hierocratic auctoritas ecclesiae materialized itself through vigorous expansionism. The military religious orders acted in consensus with the Holy See and at the request of the political European entities (also subjected to the authority of the Pope) in regions where they could not withstand the threats which endangered parts of their kingdoms or possessions. Ultimately this article integrates the presence of the Teutonic Knights in Transylvania during the first half of the thirteenth century in this broad mission of expansionism and highlights how the Roman Pontiş established relationships with the kingdoms positioned at the edge of Christianitas.
Preliminary Approach Regarding Eastern and Western Christian Churches in Medieval Maramureș County
Authors: Pop Ioana
Published: February 2022

The present research investigates the presence and coexistence of two denominations, the Western and Eastern Christian faith, in medieval Maramurefi county. For this, a close analysis of medieval published documents was performed. Along with these primary sources, the historiography of the subject was also consulted. The survey shows that both denominations were well-represented both institutionally and through active members, even if measures were taken by the bishops of Rome and kings of Hungary against the Eastern Christian faith in the realm. We hope that future archival and archaeological research will lead to new findings that will contribute to a better understanding regarding the historic coexistence of the two denominations in Maramureş County.
The Impact of Digitalisation on Slovenian Primary School Students in Eighth Grade
Authors: Macur Mirna
Published: February 2022

Society is rapidly moving towards a digitalised future, encouraged by national and European guidelines and strategies. Use of computers, tablets and smartphones is not reserved only for adults: adolescents use them extensively for schoolwork and leisure activities. Although Internet use has many advantages, some students use it extensively in a way that harms them. The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire used in a nationally representative sample of Slovenian primary school students in the eighth grade showed that one-quarter of them were problematic Internet users. Comparison of problematic and nonproblematic Internet users in the eighth grade showed different patterns of spending their free time: screen time prevailed in the first group. Problematic Internet users showed statistically significant lower levels of self-control in comparison with nonproblematic Internet users; they also reported a less favorable relationship with their parents. Evidence from abroad show that problematic Internet users among students are less successful at school. Career prospects of problematic Internet users are smaller, where discipline and self-control is expected. Adolescents need help in recognizing harmful effects of modern digital technologies and in learning to control their time spent on the Internet.
Assessing the Impact of the Digital Divide on Indian Society: A Study of Social Exclusion
Authors: Singh Swapnil , Singh Guru Ashish
Published: February 2022

The digital divide is an important issue in developing nations, especially during Covid-19 times. The notion of the digital divide gained prominence in the 1990s. The characterization of the idea of the digital divide has evolved with time and is currently recognized as “lack of knowledge, access or infrastructure.” It can be comprehended as a barrier for the general masses, particularly in developing countries. Information and communication technology (ICT) now occupies a significant role in our lives (especially in Covid-19 times). India is known for its social diversity. However, some groups and categories of people have historically been excluded and continue to be excluded today. This study focuses on the assessment of the impact of the digital divide on Indian society, specifically on the phenomenon of social exclusion because of the digitalization of almost all aspects of our lives. The research gap observed is that the digital divide can have serious concerns for future growth since it impedes social mobility, creates impediments, and exacerbates social inaccessibility for disadvantaged groups. To obtain an adequate sample size, respondents are chosen using simple random sampling technique of probability sampling. Statistical techniques such as validity and reliability analysis, T-test, ANOVA, and correlation-regression are used to present quantitative data. The study's expected outcome will be to provide a vigilant roadmap for policymakers and public institutions to strengthen nationhood among the masses while promoting social inclusion. Modern Indian society should strive for inclusion, and there should be no discrimination in terms of digital accessibility, which could paralyze the developing nation.
Potential of carbon storage and sequestration in the Heroes Park City Forest, Purworejo Regency, Central Java
Authors: ASTUTI VIVI , UTAMI INGGITA , WAHYUNINGSIH SRI
Published: February 2022

Heroes Park City Forest has  a high vegetation density in Purworejo Regency, Central Java province, absorbing and storing carbon from the atmosphere. This study analyzes the value of carbon stock, sequestration, and tree composition in the Heroes Park City Forest. Data collection was carried out in February 2021, using three randomly distributed 20 x 100 m plots. Analysis of carbon stock data, important value index, and diversity index was carried out quantitatively descriptively. The results showed that the carbon stock value of trees was 116.84 tons ha-1, which according to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation or REDD+, was included in the high carbon stock category. The value of carbon sequestration in Heroes Park urban forest is 428.80 tons ha-1, which is higher than some city forests in Indonesia. The sampling location is covered with 157 tree species, dominated by Acacia auriculiformis, and has a moderate level of tree diversity. Vegetation dominated by Acacia auriculiformis from Fabaceae contributed 43 percent of the total carbon stock in Heroes Park. Abiotics such as rainfall, air temperature, and humidity in Purworejo City support the growth of plants from the Fabaceae. Therefore, Heroes Park City Forest in Purworejo Regency has high carbon storage or carbon stock and sequestration values and needs to be monitored annually to maintain this potential.
Virulence of conidia Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) as a bioinsecticide against Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on broccoli plants
Authors: SAYUTHI MUHAMMAD , RUSYDI ALFIAN , HASNAH HASNAH , AZAHRA NAILA EVI
Published: February 2022

Crocidolomia pavonana is an important pest of broccoli plants. Pest control is currently still using chemical pesticides that negatively impact the environment. It is hoped that Beauveria bassiana will become one of the environmentally friendly bioinsecticides. The research aimed to study the virulence level of conidia density of B. bassiana as a bioinsecticide against C. pavonana pests on broccoli plants. This experiment used a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and four replications so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The Basic Plant Protection Laboratory and Plant Pest Science Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University as the research location, which was carried out from January to September 2021. The parameters observed were larval mortality, pupae formed, imago appeared, an incubation period of B. bassiana conidia, and average time of C. pavonana. The results showed that B. bassiana with conidia density of 108/mL distilled water was effective as a bioinsecticide against C. pavonana. The highest percentage of C. pavonana mortality observed at 6 Days After Application (DAA) occurred at a density of 108 conidia/mL of water (97.50%), and the lowest was at a density of 102 conidia/mL of distilled water (62.50%). The percentage of pupae formed was observed. At 7, DAA was 15% using a density of 102 conidia /mL aquadest. Produce 5%, a density of 104 conidia/mL of distilled water was used. The percentage of imago that appeared with a conidia density of 102/mL of distilled water killed at 14 DAA yielded 15%, and 5% resulted from a density of 104 conidia/mL of distilled water. The fastest incubation occurred at a density of 108 conidia/mL of distilled water with a time of 3.50 days. Death of C. pavonana at 3.03 days required conidia density of B. bassiana 102/mL of distilled water.
Application of PLS SEM in Evaluations of Mathematics Statistics II Course Online Learning
Authors: RAHMI IZZATI , SYAFWAN MAHDHIVAN , YOZZA HAZMIRA , HAMONANGAN IQBAL , WULANDARI FRILIANDA
Published: February 2022

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector includes the learning system that cannot be conducted directly (offline). With the change in the learning system, it is necessary to evaluate whether the implemented online learning system can run well and provide results as expected. The level of student satisfaction is one of the factors that can be used to evaluate online learning. This study analyzed the student satisfaction level with online learning for the Mathematics Statistics II course at the Mathematics Department of Andalas University, related to service quality by lecture and the level of student understanding. Data analysis was conducted using causal modeling, namely Partial Least Square Structural Equations Modeling (PLS-SEM). By using The PLS-SEM, it is known that there is a significant and positive effect of service quality on student satisfaction in the Mathematics Statistics II course. In addition, the service quality also affects the understanding level significantly and positively. However, the level of student understanding has no significant effect on the level of student satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R2) from the structural model of student satisfaction toward the Mathematics Statistics II course online learning is 0.774. This value indicates that the resulting model is good because it has relatively high accuracy.
Optimizing the gonadal performance of broodstock Helostoma temminckii with addition of enrichment ingredients in feed
Authors: FITRILIYANI INDIRA , SISWANTO SISWANTO , LUCHAS LUCHAS
Published: February 2022

The problem in the development of Kissing gourami fish culture was quality seeds that cannot be available continuously. Purpose of this research was to examine the need for additional enrichment materials in feed that can optimize the process of gonad maturation of Kissing gourami fish. Treatment A=Commercial feed added with Vegetable Oil, Glutathione, and Egg White; B=Commercial feed added with Vegetable Oil, Vitamin E 300 mg/Kg, Glutathione, and Egg White; C=Commercial feed added with Vegetable Oil, Vitamin E 500 mg/Kg, Glutathione, and Egg White. and D=Commercial feed added with Vegetable Oil, Vitamin E 700 mg/Kg, Glutathione, and Egg White. The results showed that all treatments with the addition of glutathione and vitamin E fortifications with levels of 300 mg-700 mg gave the effect of increasing IGS, IHS, higher fecundity and larger egg diameter than treatment A. The amount of initial IGS increase in treatment A was 33.49%, treatment B was 172.52%, treatment C was 208.60% and treatment D was 691.20%. While the IHS value at the end of the study decreased in treatment A by 35.30% and treatment C which also experienced a decrease in IHS by 26.23%. While in treatments B and D there was a not too large increase, in the range of 42.56% (B) and 5.66% (D).
Identifikasi Bilangan Gelombang Daun Sirih (Piper sp.) Menggunakan Metode Spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Damayanti Ayu Anisa , Trisnawati Ni Luh Putu , Suyanto Hery
Published: February 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai identifikasi bilangan gelombang daun sirih (Piper sp.) menggunakan metode spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Jenis daun sirih yang digunakan adalah sirih merah (Piper Crocatum), sirih hijau (Piper Betle L.), dan sirih hitam (Piper Betle V.). Pengujian dilakukan pada serbuk daun sirih dengan perbandingan massa daun sirih dengan KBr 4:1, masing-masing 0,011528 g dan 0,002882 g. Hasil karakerisasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi C-H, C=O, C=N, C=C, C-N, C-O, dan C-Cl pada daun sirih merah, hijau, dan hitam. Hasil analisis PCA memberikan nilai bilangan gelombang yang merupakan identitas daun sirih yaitu pada rentang 1670-1679 cm-1 dan diperkuat dengan hasil analisis K-Nearest Neightbourhood (KNN).
Comparison and Analysis of Rainfall Spatial Patterns IMERG (Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM) Data and Observation Data on Bali Province
Authors: Samosir Desy Yunita , Yuliara I Made , Prasetia Rakhmat
Published: February 2022

Limitations of observational data such as insufficient data length, incomplete, and uneven station distribution make it difficult to analyze and predict rain, so it requires supporting instruments such as satellites to provide a better and broader picture of rainfall distribution. However, it is necessary to test the accuracy of satellite data because the resolution and conditions of each region are different. This research aims to validate IMERG rain data against observation data in the 2015 El Nino period using observation rainfall data from BMKG Negara and IMERG data from GPM satellite at 12 rain points in Bali Province. The analytical method used is quantitative statistics, the calculation of errors and correlations and the comparison of the spatial pattern of the two data. The results of the analysis of the spatial pattern of the IMERG data show that, there was a decrease in rainfall from May to July, but the rainfall increased into August, and again experienced a decline entering the months of September to December where the same pattern was also shown from the results of the spatial pattern analysis on the Observation data. The decrease in rainfall in the May-December 2015 period was a strong El Nino effect as evidenced by the results of the correlation analysis of the SOI index on rainfall which showed a fairly strong correlation value, namely 0.55.The validation of IMERG data on monthly observation data showed that the average correlation was sufficient strong is 0.42 and analysis per rain post shows a weak correlation namely  0.31, which means that data IMERG is not yet accurate as an alternative to the observation rainfall data in Bali Province.
Analisis Analisis Pengaruh Slice Thickness Terhadap Kualitas Citra Pesawat CT Scan Di RSUD Bali Mandara
Authors: Hutami Ida Ayu Putu Aristia , Sutapa Gusti Ngurah , Paramarta Ida Bagus Alit
Published: February 2022

Telah diteliti pengaruh slice thickness (ketebalan irisan) terhadap kualitas citra dengan metode parameter Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) menggunakan phantom Toshiba (TOS). Variasi slice thickness yang digunakan yaitu 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, dan 8 mm. Tegangan tabung dan arus waktu sinar-X yang digunakan adalah 80 kV dan 100 mAs, sesuai dengan protokol pemeriksaan kepala pasien. Analisis pengaruh variasi slice thickness terhadap CNR ditentukan dengan uji regresi sederhana menggunakan kurva eksponensial. Hasil uji tersebut menunjukkan variasi slice thickness mempengaruhi nilai CNR, dimana semakin besar slice thickness maka nilai CNR semakin besar dan kualitas citra yang semakin baik.
Characterization of Human Nails Samples Using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) Through Chemometric Methods PCA and Clustering
Authors: Juwita Shinta Shaleha , Trisnawati Ni Luh Putu , Suyanto Hery
Published: February 2022

Research has been carried out on the characterization of human nail samples by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) using Chemometric PCA and Clustering methods. The sample used was left middle fingernail (TTK) from three people from one family (SKR) and two people who were not family (BKR). The test was carried out on TTK nail samples with a mass ratio of TTK nails with KBr 3:1. The results characterization by FTIR showed the presence of functional group O-H, C-H, C=O, N-H, C-N, P=O, C-O-C, nitrate, and nitrite in the TTK nail samples. The results of the analysis using the Chemometric PCA and Clustering methods showed that the TTK nail samples showed similarity in one family. This is based on the similarity of the types of molecules and their absorbance values. In addition, based on the results of PCA loading analysis, the wavenumber identity of the TTK nail samples were found in the range 1597-1479 cm-1.
Determination of Fault Type of Lombok Earthquakes from July 1 to December 31, 2018, using Focal Mechanism Method
Authors: Wardani Ni Nyoman Susi Kesuma , Suarbawa Komang Ngurah , Kusnandar Ridwan
Published: February 2022

Research has been conducted on determining the type of fault in Lombok earthquake on July 1 to December 31 2018 using the focal mechanism method. The focal mechanism is a method of reviewing fault parameters that include strike, dip and rake based on the initial movement direction of P wave recorded by the station, which then projected into a focal ball. There are 246 stations are used in several countries. There were 139 earthquakes with M?4.0 on July 1 to December 31 2018, at coordinates 7.0? S-9.0? S and 115.5? E-117.5? E. The result of fault field parameters is at nodal 1 strike=52?-149?, dip=6?-75?, rake=39?-143? and at nodal 2, strike=233?-313?, dip=18?-84?, rake=58?-119?, then projected into focus ball. Based on these results shows that earthquakes occur as a result of thrust fault movement.
Identifikasi Hubungan Aktivitas Petir Tipe Cloud to Ground Dengan Curah Hujan Di Seputaran BMKG Sanglah Tahun 2018
Authors: Reswari Lintang Ardhana , Sukarasa I Ketut , Pratama I Putu Dedy
Published: February 2022

Sambaran petir yang berdampak langsung ke manusia adalah jenis petir CG (Cloud to Ground). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah sambaran petir dan curah hujan (CH) yang terjadi di Seputaran BMKG Sanglah Tahun 2018. Data yang digunakan adalah data curah hujan yang diperoleh dari penakar hujan otomatis  atau Automatic Rain Gauge (ARG) dan data petir CG dari lightning detector yang terpasang di BMKG Sanglah Denpasar. Data petir CG (positif dan negatif) dibatasi dalam radius 5 km dari sensor. Data petir dan curah hujan yang diperoleh kemudian dilihat korelasinya menggunakan uji korelasi spearman untuk mengetahui hubungan antara curah hujan dan petir tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan hubungan antara curah hujan dan petir CG harian dan bulanan dengan korelasi Spearman sebesar 0,372 dan 0,834 yang artinya hubungan kedua variabel tersebut memiliki korelasi searah dimana semakin besar curah hujan semakin besar pula sambaran petir yang terjadi.
Analysis Distribution of the Volcanic Ash Eruption of Mount Agung 2018 and Its Influence on the Surface Temperature of the Land Area of Bali by Using the Split Windows Method
Authors: Jonathan Septian , Sukarasa I Ketut , Wirata I Wayan
Published: February 2022

Sebaran awan debu vulkanik erupsi Gunung Agung 2018 dapat diketahui dengan pengolahan data komposisi RGB menggunakan metode split windows pada aplikasi SATAID, yang dapat membedakan awan debu vulkanik atau awan meteorologi (awan air/es), dan juga dapat mengetahui arah angin yang terjadi pada saat kejadian. Data komposisi RGB diperoleh dari satelit cuaca Himawari-8 melalui kanal IR (10,4 µm), kanal I2 (12,4 µm) dan kanal I4 (3,9 µm) yang  mampu mengidentifikasi keberadaan awan debu vulkanik.

Kata kunci: Gunung Agung, Himawari-8, Erupsi, Split Windows, RGB.
Rancangan Alat Ukur Suhu dan Kelembaban Udara Menggunakan Mikrokontroler ATmega 328P
Authors: Apriandi Hadi , I Made Satriya Wibawa , I Gde Antha Kasmawan
Published: February 2022

It has been successfully made design of a digital temperature and humidity measuring instrument using ATmega 328P microcontroller. The results of temperature and humidity data are measured using the DHT22 sensor which receives data signals in the form of temperature and humidity. Design of the instrument is placed in the same place as the reference instrument, namely in the instrument shop, then the results of the design of the reference instrument and instrument are processed into graphical form and proven using linear regression equations. The measurement results are displayed on the LCD keypad shield. The results of the instrument design calibration carried out on the reference instrument have a fairly good level of accuracy, namely for air temperature of 99.99% and humidity of 98.34%. From the results of the calibration carried out, it shows that the design of the instrument made has good validity (accuracy and precision).
Smoke Distribution Patterns Analysis on Meteorological Conditions on Kalimantan Island Related to Forest and Land Fires: A Case Study Forest Fires In September 2019
Authors: Pandapotan Ivan Bachtiar , Komang Ngurah Suarbawa , Widagda I Gusti Agung
Published: February 2022

A research has been carried out regarding forest and land fires that occurred in the Kalimantan area in September 2019. Meteorological factors such as rainfall, humidity, air temperature, speed and wind direction are parameters that can affect the process of fire occurrence and smoke distribution. In this study, meteorological data and smoke images from BMKG Tuban, Bali were used which were processed and analyzed so that they could be used to interpret meteorological conditions and smoke patterns on the island of Kalimantan. The smoke image that has been collected is processed using HYDRA software on channels 1, 2, and 7 and SATAID software on channels 3, 4, and 6 so that the color of the smoke and the distribution of smoke from forest fires will be visible in the form of images. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the meteorological factors that cause forest fires are rainfall which quite low/minimal, temperature with an average of >30?, air humidity of 70%-80%, and the pattern of smoke spread is caused by winds moving from east to westward at a speed of 10 km/h to 37.04 km/h.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Arus Tabung Sinar-X dan Waktu Eksposi Terhadap Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) dengan menggunakan Computed Radiography
Authors: Utami Ni Wayan Mega Savira , Ni Nyoman Ratini , I Putu Eka Juliantara
Published: February 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi arus tabung sinar-X dan waktu eksposi terhadap Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) dengan menggunakan Computed Radiography (CR). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kombinasi arus tabung sinar-X dan waktu eksposi terhadap kualitas citra sinar-X dengan menggunakan CR dan nilai optimal CNR-nya. Alat bantu yang digunakan berupa step wedge dengan penambahan ketebalan 1,5 mm pada setiap step, tegangan tabung konstan sebesar 56 kV, arus tabung sinar-X dan waktu eksposi sebesar 5 mAs. Variasi nilai 5 mAs ke dalam arus tabung sinar-X dan waktu eksposi sebagai berikut: variasi 1 sebesar 100 mA dan 0,050 s, variasi 2 sebesar 125 mA dan 0,040 s, variasi 3 sebesar 160 mA dan 0,032 s, variasi 4 sebesar 200 mA dan 0,025 s, dan variasi 5 sebesar 250 mA dan 0,020 s. Pembacaan nilai Is, Ib, dan ?b menggunakan software program RadiAnt DICOM VIEWER 2020.1 (64 bit) dan analisis pengaruh kombinasi arus tabung sinar-X dan waktu eksposi terhadap nilai CNR menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistic 26 dengan Uji One Way-ANOVA. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi arus tabung sinar-X dan waktu eksposi tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai CNR. Nilai optimal CNR adalah 42,37 diperoleh pada variasi 3 yaitu besar arus tabung sinar-X adalah 160 mA dan waktu eksposi sebesar 0,032 s.
Pengenalan Pola Reflektansi Spektral Mangrove Di Teluk Benoa Sebagai Indikator Perubahan Kerapatan Berbasis Citra Landsat 8
Authors: Kurniawati Wiwik , Yuliara I Made , Ratini Ni Nyoman , Windarjoto Windarjoto
Published: February 2022

Telah dilakukan studi mengenai pengenalan pola reflektansi spektral sebagai indikator perubahan distribusi kerapatan mangrove menggunakan data time series citra Landsat 8, di daerah kawasan Teluk Benoa, Bali.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi kerapatan dan luas areal mangrove dari pola reflektansi spektralnya. Metode dan analisis menggunakan reflektansi spektral dan indeks vegetasi Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Hasil penentuan nilai reflektansi spectral menunjukkan bahwa, perubahan pola reflektansi spektral mangrove di Teluk Benoa dari tahun 2017-2020 mengalami penurunan dan kenaikan untuk setiap band-nya. Pola reflektansi band 5 dapat digunakan sebagai acuan terhadap pengurangan luasan areal mangrove, dimana semakin kecil nilai reflektansi pada band 5 dari tahun 2017-2020 menunjukkan pengurangan atau perubahan kerapatan mangrove di tahun tersebut semakin besar. Berdasarkan data sebaran citra indeks vegetasi NDVI pada tahun 2017-2020 diperoleh tutupan luas per kategori dimana terdapat pengurangan luas areal mangrove dari tahun 2017 hingga 2018 sebesar 36,72 ha, akan tetapi pada tahun 2019 luasan areal mangrove mengalami peningkatan yang cukup besar dari tahun 2018 yaitu sebesar 60,82 ha. Pada tahun 2020 luasan areal mangrove kembali mengalami pengurangan yang cukup drastis yaitu sebesar 181,51 ha. Luasan areal yang tercatat masih ditumbuhi mangrove pada tahun 2020 yaitu hanya sebesar 852,39 ha.
Analysis of Electrical Energy Consumption Control System in A-205 JTE PNB Lecture Building Based on Bidirectional Visitor Counter
Authors: Sumerta Yasa I Made , Teresna I Wayan , Raka Ardana I Wayan
Published: February 2022

Electrical energy is needed in the A-205 JTE PNB lecture building during the teaching and learning process (PBM). The use of electrical energy includes lighting, Air Conditioning (AC), computers, laptops and LCD projectors. The dominant use of electrical energy is about 8 hours a day. The regulation of electrical energy requires high skilled human resources in making effective use of electrical energy, activating energy-saving behaviors or cultures such as turning off air conditioning and lighting after use. Other efforts are to increase the efficiency of the use of electrical energy, improve the power factor, and replace equipment such as more efficient lighting, more efficient air conditioners. In addition, it can also be done with a tool in the form of a bidirectional visitor counter-based electrical energy control system by installing the control system in each classroom. This control system functions on the use of electrical energy, namely when the classroom is used (there are students/people) the control system works to connect the electric current to the load. On the other hand, when the classroom is not used (there are no students/persons) the control system does not work (does not connect) the electric current to the load. It was found that the use of the control system in the A-205 JTE PNB classroom can save electrical energy by 0.6935 kWh, which is a percentage saving of 23%. This means that the control system based on the bidirectional visitor counter used in the A-205 classroom is more effective in regulating the use of electrical energy so that it can save electrical energy.
Pemodelan 3D Struktur Bawah Permukaan Gunung Anak Ranakah dan Sekitarnya Menggunakan Metode Gravitasi
Authors: Jarut Desiderius , Sukarasa I Ketut , Alit Paramarta Ida Bagus
Published: February 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian pemodelan 3D struktur bawah permukaan Gunung Anak Ranakah dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat peta serta menentukan nilai anomali bouguer lengkap, anomali regional, anomali residual, nilai densitas bawah permukaan serta membuat model 3D struktur bawah permukaan. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yaitu data anomali gravitasi satelit yang diperoleh dari website Topex. Pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode gravitasi. Pada metode ini akan dilakukan koreksi gravitasi, membuat peta anomali bouguer lengkap, melakukan analisis spektrum, melakukan pemisahan anomali regional dan residual menggunakan filter butterworth serta melakukan inverse modelling dengan menggunakan software ZondGM3D untuk membuat model 3D struktur bawah permukaan. Hasil peta anomali bouguer lengkap menunjukkan nilai anomali  daerah penelitian antara 134,6-209,3 mGal, anomali regional 147,4-205,9 mGal dan anomali residual antara (-12,8)-11,0 mGal. Hasil inverse modelling menunjukkan bahwa struktur geologi bawah permukaan Gunung Anak Ranakah dan sekitarnya memiliki rentang densitas antara 1,2-3,0 g/cm3, sehingga dari rentang nilai densitas batuan dapat diperkirakan struktur geologi bawah permukaan Anak Gunung Ranakah dan sekitarnya terdiri dari batuan soil (1,2-2,3 g/cm3 , andesit 2,40-2,80 g/cm3) dan basalt (2,70-3,0 g/cm3).
Analysis Regional Vulnerability of Earthquakes Based on Parameters Fragility Rock Value (B-Value) and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) In Bali Province
Authors: Lestari Amalia Dwi , Suarbawa Komang Ngurah , Supardi I Wayan , Pratama I Putu Dedy
Published: February 2022

Abstract - Bali is an area that is prone to earthquake hazards. This is because Bali is flanked by two causes of earthquakes, namely a subduction zone in the south and a back arc fault in the north. One of the efforts to minimize damage or loss caused by earthquakes is to analyze the vulnerability of an area to earthquakes. In this study, the earthquake parameters used as hazard indicators were the level of rock fragility (b-value) and maximum ground acceleration (PGA). Based on the results of the b-value calculation using the Maximum Likelihood method, the rock fragility level for the Bali region is obtained from 0.370 to 1.419. While the results of the PGA calculation using two empirical methods, namely the empirical M.V. Mickey and Lin Wu's empirical method is known that the empirical method of M.V. Mickey is more suitable for use in the Bali area than Lin Wu's empirical method, with PGA values ??ranging from 517.32-828.58 gal. So based on the results of the analysis of the two earthquake parameters, it is found that the area of ??Bali that is vulnerable to earthquakes is the western part of Buleleng Regency and most of Jembrana Regency.

Keywords: b-value, PGA, Maximum Likelihood, M.V. Mickey, Lin Wu, Bali
Effect of Variation Substitution of Nd and Eu on the Crystal Structure of Y-124 Superconductor (Y1-x-yNdxEuyBa2Cu4O8??)
Authors: Jalut Laura Laudensia Senly , Suharta Wayan Gede , Windaryoto Windaryoto
Published: February 2022

In this study, the substitution of elements Nd and Eu on the superconductor Y1-x-yNdxEuyBa2Cu4O8?? (Y-124) has been carried out using compounds Y2O3, BaCO3, CuO, Nd2O3 and Eu2O3 with molar variations of Nd (x) and Eu (y), respectively. 0, 0,05, 0,1, 0,15 and 0,2 respectively to determine the effect of Nd and Eu substitution on the volume fraction and crystal structure of the superconducting Y-124. Samples were synthesized using wet mixing method with HNO3 as solvent, followed by calcination process at 600 oC for 3 hours and sintering process at 900 oC for 10 hours. Analysis of the structure of the superconducting Y-124 was carried out by characterizing X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of XRD characterization showed a fine and sharp spectrum which indicated that crystallization had occurred completely. The resulting spectrum was dominated by the Y-124 phase and a small percentage of the impurities were detected. Substitution of Nd and Eu elements resulted in volume fractions of 82,7 %, 83,6 %, 84,4 %, 87,0 % and 85,9 %, respectively. The volume fraction value increased with the addition of Nd and Eu from 0 to 0,15, then decreased at 0,2. This indicates that the optimization of the addition of Nd and Eu is at a value of 0,15 in the molar ratio of compounds. The substitution of Nd and Eu elements also causes changes in the lattice parameters towards the a-axis with values between 3,7549 and 3,8323 , towards the b-axis with values between 3,8094 and 3,8425 , and towards the c-axis with values between 26,7390 and 26,8970. The FTIR results show the presence of an absorption band in the YBCO region, but the sample still contains impurities which are indicated to come from BaCO3 and HNO3.
Perancangan Alat Kontrol Ketinggian Air Menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonik Berbasis SMS
Authors: Harrischandra I Putu Eddy Aditya , Satriya Wibawa I Made , Wendri Nyoman
Published: February 2022

Telah berhasil di rancang alat kontrol ketingian air menggunakan sensor ultrasonik berbasis Short Message Service (SMS). Alat yang dirancang menggunakan Arduino UNO ATmega328 sebagai mikrokontroler, sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 sebagai pengukur ketinggian air yang akan dikontrol modul SMS SIM 800L sebagai penerima dan pengirim pesan dari alat rancangan menuju ponsel, LCD 16 x 2 sebagai tampilan serta modul Relay yang digunakan sebagai saklar otomatis yang akan mengaktifkan dan mematikan pompa air. Sebelum menguji alat rancangan dilakukan kalibrasi pada sensor ultrasonik. Kalibrasi dilakukan untuk menyesuaikan nilai keluaran sensor dengan alat ukur referensi yang digunakan yaitu mistar dengan ketelitian 1 mm. Hasil dari alat yang dirancang memiliki nilai presisi sebesar 99,99% dan menunjukan bahwa alat rancangan telah bekerja dengan baik.