bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbedaan Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Number Head Together (NHT) dan Team Games Tournament (TGT) Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Ditinjau dari Jenis Kelamin
Authors: Kustiasih Christiana Sri Wahyuni , Sunardi Sunardi , Haryati Sri
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out (1) the difference of effect between the NHT, TGT, and Directive learning (DL) models on the mathematics learning achievement. (2) the difference of learning achievement on mathematics between boys and. (3) the interaction of effect between learning model and gender on  mathematics learning achievement. This kind of research is a quantitative one which uses an experimental factorial design. The population of this research are all the 7th grade - 1st semester students of SMP 1 Sidoharjo, Sragen on the Academic Year Of 2015/2016. The sample is determined by taking 3 clsasses at random. The sampling technique uses the Cluster Random Sampling. The experimental group was treated by the NHT and TGT learning models. While the control group was subjected to the directive learning. For the teaching material is used the Algebraic design. The hypothesis testing uses the factorial design 3x2 with Two-Ways Analysis of Variance (Two Ways Anava) technique with different cells. Before, the trial test was conducted. Forth, for the balance testing was used the t-testing. For the reliability testing of the research instrument with internal consistency was used the Kuder Richardson (KR-20) formula, normality test used the lilliefors method, and the homogenity test used the Bartlet method. The result of the data analysis with significance level of 0.05 obtained: (1) FA = 3.641 and Ftable = 3.07, it mean FA > Ftable. The conclusion of HOA test was rejected and H1A was accepted, which means that there is a significant difference between the learning models to the mathematics achievement. (2) FB = 15.197 and Ftable = 3.92, it obtained FB > Ftable. HOB test was rejected and H1B was accepted. It means that there is a significant difference between boys and girls to the mathematics achievement. (3) FAB = 4.353, Ftable = 3.07, obtained FAB > Ftable. HOAB was rejected and H1AB was accepted, it means that there is a significant interaction of effect between gender and learning models to the mathematics achievement at the subject of Algebraic design.
Perbedaaan Pengaruh Pembelajaran Mata Pelajaran Kimia Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Dan Cooperative Learning Tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Ditinjau dari Aktivitas Belajar Siswa SMA Negeri di Grobogan
Authors: Rahmawati Ria , Sutimin Leo Agung , Suryani Nunuk
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to: (1) To determine the effect of differences in chemistry learning PBL models and models of SMT for high school student achievement in Grobogan. (2) To find out which is better student achievement with learning activity is high or low high school learning activities in Grobogan. (3) To understand the interaction model of learning by students' learning activities to the achievement of high school students studying chemistry in Grobogan. The research was conducted at several high schools in Grobogan including; SMA N 1Gabus, SMA N 1 Kradenan, SMA N 1 Wirosari. The model used in this research is experiment with 2X2 factorial design. The study design using experimental. The results showed that. (1) Differences Influence Model Model PBL with TPS on Learning Achievement in Chemistry. Results of Two-Way ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in learning achievement chemical groups using PBL and group learning model TPS, with a value of F = 5.432, p <0.05 where student achievement in the subjects of Chemistry with PBL models better than the student who uses a model TPS. (2) Differences in Effects of High learning activities with learning activities Low toward achievement of learning chemistry. Results of Two-Way ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in learning achievement Chemistry group of students with high learning activities and groups of students with low learning activity, with the value of F = 8.218, p <0.05 where learning achievement in the subjects of Chemistry students who have high learning activity is better than the students who have low learning activities . (3) Interaction Effect Model of learning and learning activities in relation to the achievement of learning chemistry. The result of the calculation of the Two-Way ANOVA analysis finds that there are interactions between the learning model with learning activities to learning achievement Chemistry with a value of F = 4.020, p <0.05 where the average value of learning achievement chemical group PBL models with high learning activity has the highest value of the interpretation of study with a mean of 84.41 while PBL model group with low learning activity have the lowest average value for 74.13.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VII Menggunakan E-Book Berbasis Pendekatan RME
Authors: Putria Aditin , Akhyar Muhammad , Sutimin Leo Agung
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan menguji keefektifan e-book berbasis RME dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII pada pokok bahasan aritmetika sosial. E-book sebelum digunakan dalam eksperimen, telah dinyatakan valid dan praktis berdasarkan validasi ahli dan revisi formatif. Uji keefektifan e-book berbasis RME menghasilkan temuan bahwa nilai rata-rata tes hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan e-book (kelas eksperimen) lebih tinggi dari nilai rata-rata tes hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan buku cetak (kelas kontrol). Dengan demikian, e-book berbasis RME dapat dijadikan langkah konkret solusi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa di kelas VII, pemilihan pendekatan RME sendiri adalah bentuk upaya khusus menjadikan siswa tidak hanya memiliki nilai matematika yang baik, melainkan kebermaknaan matematika dan merasakan manfaat matematika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. E-book dan RME merupakan kombinasi yang baik dalam menghadapi era persaingan di mana kebanyakan lapangan kerja menuntut kemampuan menganalisis daripada sekedar melakukan keterampilan prosedural dan mekanistik
Penggunaan Model Inkuiri Terbimbing untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Fisika Siswa SMA
Authors: Respatiningrum Nirmala , Sunardi Sunardi , Akhyar Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Salah satu tujuan pendidikan sains di Indonesia adalah menghasilkan peserta didik yang berkualitas, yaitu manusia yang mampu berpikir kritis, kreatif, logis dan berinisiatif, dalam menanggapi isu yang berkembang dalam masyarakat. Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui model pembelajaran yang digunakan, sehingga pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model inkuiri terbimbing dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini siswa SMA. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan tes. Validitas data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model inkuiri terbimbing pada mata pelajaran fisika dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA
Pengembangan Aplikasi Multimedia Pembelajaran CD Tutorial Pada Mata Kuliah Berbasis Praktik
Authors: Abdillah Rizqi , Sunardi Sunardi , Ardianto Deny Tri
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to describe the needs of students to the application of CD tutotial as learning media at the course based on practice, its developing and the students’ responds towards the media used in the instructional process.  The program of Educational Technology is famous of its students who have a high capability in multimedia field of study as some of the courses relate to technology-based learning. Unfortunatelly, there are some obstacles coming up as the practice-based course has less optimum on its real class. It makes the researcher trying to develop an application of learning media in term of CD Tutorial to be applied at the class by the practice-based course. This research uses ADDIE developing model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The result of this research and development will be in term of media product which is later on will be done some evaluation tests from the expert teams, and at last filed test to know its effectiveness of its media on the instructional process.
Pembentukan Karakter Bagi Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah Atas Dalam Pembelajaran Seni Tari Melalui Model Discovery Learning
Authors: Riyaningsih Etik , Maryono Maryono , Harini Harini
Published: October 2019

Education as a conscious and planned effort in actualizing the study and learning atmosphere in developing the potential. Actualize education in the educational order to produce qualified human resources. Every human being has a character inherent in his daily behavior that is understood as ambitus. A person has a good character when their daily life has good habits. To grow character values and behaviors is not an easy task, it is necessary to apply the characters so that values are embedded and manifested in their daily behavioral actions. High School is one of the educational unit that implements the learning of art and culture that can shape the character of learners through the learning of dance. The research aims to describe the shaping of characters for high school students in the learning of dance through the Discovery Learning model. The research using a qualitative approach. Data sources such as informants, documents, places and events. Data collection techniques using observation, interview, documentation and recording. Data validity techniques using triangulation source and triangulation method. Data analysis techniques using interactive analysis model. The results showed that the learning of dance through the Discovery Learning model can form the character of the students. Can be shown at the stage in the model as follows: Stage of stimulus built an attitude of  responsibility; The stage of problem identifying formed the attitude of cooperation and responsibility; The stage of collecting data emerging honest and responsible; Stage data processing with the value of cooperation; Stage of verifying and concluding with an attitude of responsible
Occupational Diseases Workers’ Protection as a Important Aspect on OSH Program
Authors: Sudi Astono , Akbar Ma'ruf , Asmawi Moch.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The Aim of this study are to answer the question: "Why is the attention to protection of workers against the occupational disease (OD) is less than to protection against the occupational accident/injury (OA/OI)?" The method used in this study consisted of two processes, namely collecting documents and information, and conduct a analysis of documents and information related to the aspects of the OD in the Occupational and Safety (OSH) program. Information was also obtained through the interviews, discussions, and attending OSH program activities or meetings which carried out by the MOM and also by keys stakeholders.The results of the study that have been conducted show that the number of OD cases that handled and received of work compensation is less than the OI cases.
Human Resource Architecture Transformation Case Study in Construction Company
Authors: Wikumurti  , Luddin Muchlis R. , Suyatno Thomas
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on the transformation of the architecture of human resource construction services companies into toll road development companies, to get the right model in the implementation of the Human Resources system towards employee engagement and satisfaction which is reflected in the improvement of company performance. The study used a qualitative approach through case studies in construction service companies with data collection methods using observation, interviews, document observation and surveys of company employees by questionnaire. Research informants are the management of the Human Resources construction services company. The results of the case study show that the implementation of a human resource system in a company that is transformed from a construction services company to a toll road development company includes establishing the company's vision and mission from a construction company to a toll road developer, changing company organizations from a construction services business organization to a road development organization toll road, employee recruitment system, employee development and training, career management, reward system and termination / retirement system have been well applied in the process of transformation from construction service companies to toll road development companies. This has an effect on increasing the value of employee engagement and satisfaction and is reflected in the improvement of the company's performance over the past 4 years from 2015 to 2018.
The Effect of Organizational Culture on Performance of Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) in The National Indonesian Navy
Authors: Harijono Soetjahjo Niti Tisno , Tunas Billy , Hamidah
Published: October 2019

Every Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus aims to improve performance through organizational Culture. The purpose of this study is analyzing the influence of organizational culture on the performance of government internal supervisors in the National Indonesian Navy. This research use quantitative study by using the Path Analysis method with a sample of 96 Government Internal Supervisors. The results of the study show that there is a direct influence of organizational culture on performance. Thus, the national Indonesian navy should put more attention regarding the Organizational Culture including discipline, efficiency, ethics, scope of work, work orientation and work implementation instructions.
A assim chamada Nova Matriz Econômica
Authors: Pimenta Alexandre Marinho
Published: October 2019

CARVALHO, Laura. Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econômico. São Paulo: Todavia, 2018.
Como gerenciar as migrações na América Latina? O caso espanhol como modelo a seguir
Authors: Juan Laura García , Torrent Berta Güell
Published: October 2019

This research paper focuses on the key challenge that poses the sudden and massive reception of immigrants to build inclusive societies that guarantee peaceful coexistence between natives and newcomers. Some Latin American countries are experiencing unexpected changes in population models, resulting in receiving states of international migration flows. Yet, both the underdevelopment of legislation on immigration and the absence of public integration policies show the need to pursue successful management models as an example. This paper presents an analysis of the Spanish case study between 1998 and 2008, highlighting the driving factors that enabled the integration of newcomers in that decade. Considering the cultural proximity to Latin America and other matching contextual aspects, the article concludes with some recommendations for adopting similar migration and integration policies inspired by the Spanish case.
Protesto Indígena e Mídia: análise da Minga de resistência social e comunitária
Authors: Ruano Ibarra Elizabeth Del Socorro
Published: October 2019

El análisis de los discursos indígenas, gubernamentales y mediáticos permitió explorar la densidad política del repertorio de protesta indígena en Colombia. El análisis documental y de entrevistas con líderes indígenas constituyeron los instrumentos de investigación empírica. El artículo propone comprender las modalidades de protesta en su contexto sociopolítico y revelar los colectivos sociales que las operacionalizan. Se concluye la transformación del término minga como una categoría discursiva que legitimó las protestas contemporáneas y sugiere desafiadores procesos de organización social en curso.
A Migração Venezuelana no Brasil: crise humanitária, desinformação e os aspectos normativos
Authors: De Oliveira Antônio Tadeu Ribeiro
Published: October 2019

As crises política, social e econômica que vêm afetando a Venezuela, e intensificadas na segunda metade da atual década, colocou emigração internacional como alternativa de sobrevivência para aproximadamente dois milhões de venezuelanos, sendo o Brasil um entre os muitos dos destinos desses migrantes. Os graves fatores geradores desses deslocamentos populacionais acabaram por se traduzir numa verdadeira crise humanitária. A partir desse olhar, a proposta deste artigo, que entende esses movimentos como migração laboral forçada, ante à escassez de referências bibliográficas, foi recorrer às matérias jornalísticas, a alguns resultados de levantamentos estatísticos levados a campo e aos registros administrativos para buscar traçar um panorama sobre a trajetória e inserção desses imigrantes na sociedade de destino, pontuando como (des)informações disseminadas pelas autoridades locais, via de regra, superestimavam os volumes dos fluxos migratórios, serviram para criar uma imagem negativa dos imigrantes, gerando alguns episódios de agressões. Tudo isso num cenário de falta de coordenação entre os entes federados na condução de políticas migratórias adequadas.
Instituições do Estado desenvolvimentista na América Latina no contexto pósneoliberal: os casos do Brasil e Argentina em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Balestro Moisés Villamil
Published: October 2019

O artigo analisa características do Estado desenvolvimentista no período pós-neoliberal no Brasil e na Argentina. A emergência de uma fase pós-neoliberal na América Latina está associada, ainda que sob diferentes matizes ideológicas, à ideia de expansão de políticas sociais e à retomada do papel do Estado na formulação e incentivo a estratégias de desenvolvimento econômico. Um aspecto fundamental para a eficácia das estratégias de desenvolvimento são as instituições e organizações envolvidas politica e economicamente. Como mostra a literatura, o desafio de construir um Estado desenvolvimentista requer a combinação de um Estado facilitador com uma estratégia de upgrading industrial acompanhada de aumento da inclusão social. Uma diferença relevante no caso brasileiro em relação ao caso argentino foi a permanência de instituições que foram construídas durante o período desenvolvimentista, com especial destaque para o BNDES. Ao verificar a relação entre Estado e desenvolvimento nos dois países, foi possível identificar quatro diferenças fundamentais do Brasil em relação à Argentina; uma forte instituição financeira de desenvolvimento e instituições financeiras públicas, uma maior capacidade estatal com uma burocracia estável e meritocrática no caso brasileiro, políticas sociais de longo prazo e uma relação mais cooperativa entre Estado e empresariado.
Relações entre Subdesenvolvimiento e Desenvolvimiento
Authors: Frank André Gunder
Published: October 2019

Agradecemos o esforço do prof. Juan Cristóbal Cárdenas Castro em recuperar o documento e cedê-lo para publicação na revista, sem tal trabalho inestimável não seria possível sua divulgação. A proposta de curso é caracterizada pela mistura de termos em castelhano e em português, com vários erros de digitação em máquina de escrever e alguns termos ilegíveis, procuramos manter a maior fidelidade possível ao documento original não realizando qualquer correção/falsificação do mesmo.

Autor:

André Gunder Frank
Uma Abordagem Cognitiva sobre o Haiti: o papel do ambiente psicológico na construção de imagens no contexto da MINUSTAH (2004-2016)
Authors: De Queiroz Fábio Albergaria , De Barros Thais De Castro
Published: October 2019

O artigo realiza um estudo sobre o ambiente psicológico do Haiti a partir da interação entre duas variáveis cognitivas: prisma atitudinal e imagem. Nesse sentido, com base na literatura sobre modelo de análise em processo decisório, assumimos a premissa de que elementos cognitivos (como ideias e percepções construídas ao longo da história) são tão importantes na definição de planos de ação quanto as tradicionais variáveis objetivas tais como aporte financeiro. Para tanto, testamos as proposições desse modelo no caso da Missão das Nações Unidas para Estabilização do Haiti (MINUSTAH), de 2004, ano de seu início, até 2016. A partir da análise amostral de discursos presidenciais e, também, de resoluções do mandato da ONU, testou-se a hipótese de que quanto maior for a convergência das imagens entre os tomadores de decisão externos e internos, maiores serão as chances de uma missão de paz, neste caso a MINUSTAH, alcançar seus objetivos.
Brasil, a Antessala do Golpe: reformismo fraco, crise orgânica e geopolítica mundial
Authors: Da Silva Marcos Aurélio
Published: October 2019

Utilizando as categorias de análise de Antonio Gramsci em sua intrínseca espacialidade, bem como explorando as fortes conexões geográficas ligadas ao desenvolvimento desigual que toca ao processo histórico da formação social brasileira, e em especial as ligações com a geopolítica mundial e a divisão internacional do trabalho a este desenvolvimento inerentes, o artigo discute as condições que forjaram o golpe de Estado contra Dilma Rousseff no ano de 2016. A abordagem proposta volta-se para a crítica seja da explicação economicista, seja daquela que despreza as relações sociais que se enraízam na produção capitalista. Busca-se com isto uma interpretação em termos de totalidade social, que é o sentido da crise orgânica em Gramsci, pondo em evidência as relações entre estrutura, espaço e superestrutura. Do ponto de vista do processo histórico da formação social brasileira, o artigo parte de um diálogo com interpretações clássicas e atuais que fornecem elementos à definição do problema do desenvolvimento desigual em suas relações internas e internacionais. A conclusão indica que o golpe brasileiro de 2016 resultou de uma complexa imbricação entre as contradições internas da formação social nacional, elas mesmas de aberta expressão espacial, e os mais recentes interesses geopolíticos dos Estados Unidos.
К вопросу о видовой принадлежности Spio (Annelida, Spionidae) из Азово-Черноморского бассейна
Authors: Болтачева Н. А. , Лисицкая Е. В.
Published: October 2019

Для Чёрного моря указано три вида полихет рода Spio Fabricius, 1785 ― Spio decorata Bobretzky, 1870; Spio filicornis (Müller, 1776); Spio multioculata (Rioja, 1918); для Азовского ― один [Spio filicornis (Müller, 1776)]. S. multioculata известен лишь для Прибосфорского района и берегов Румынии. Вид S. decorata описан в 1870 г. Н. В. Бобрецким из материалов, собранных в районе Севастополя. S. filicornis впервые отмечен у берегов Крыма в районе Карадага К. А. Виноградовым в 1931 г. В дальнейшем полихет рода Spio, найденных в северо-западной части Чёрного моря, у берегов Крыма и Кавказа, у берегов Болгарии, а также в Азовском море, определяли как Spio filicornis. Вид S. decorata был забыт, несмотря на то, что его регистрировали и в Средиземном море, и у побережья Европы. Для уточнения видовой принадлежности Spio использованы полихеты из сборов макрозообентоса в Чёрном и Азовском морях в рейсах НИС «Профессор Водяницкий», а также из б. Севастопольская, являющейся типовым местонахождением Spio decorata. Отбор донных осадков осуществляли с помощью дночерпателя «Океан-25» (S = 0,25 м²). Грунт промывали через сита с наименьшим диаметром 1 мм. В б. Севастопольская сбор макрозообентоса проводили ручным водолазным дночерпателем (S = 0,1 м²). Личинок полихет отбирали ежемесячно в б. Севастопольская сетью Джеди. Обработку живого материала проводили под микроскопом МБС-9; личинок Spio отсаживали и подращивали до появления характерных видовых признаков. В работе дано морфологическое описание собранных Spio, приведены фотографии и рисунки их характерных признаков. Установлено, что морфологические характеристики рассмотренных полихет рода Spio как из Чёрного, так и из Азовского морей соответствуют описанному в 1870 г. виду Spio decorata Bobretzky, 1870. Отмечено, что S. decorata широко распространён в северо-западной части Чёрного моря, где зарегистрирован на глубине до 38 м. Вид встречается на различных грунтах, но предпочитает слегка заиленный ракушечник с песком. Наибольшая встречаемость S. decorata (38 %) отмечена на глубине 20–30 м, а плотность ― на глубине менее 20 м. Максимальная плотность S. decorata (556 экз.·м−2) зарегистрирована в 2010 г. в северо-западной части Чёрного моря на глубине 19 м. Личинки S. decorata в планктоне встречались с марта по октябрь при температуре воды от +8 до +26 °C. То, что размножение данного вида в Чёрном море происходит в весенне-летний сезон, а также его экологические особенности свидетельствуют о его теплолюбивости, что отличает S. decorata от S. filicornis, обитающего в арктических водах. Можно предположить, что предыдущие указания о нахождении полихеты S. filicornis в Азово-Черноморском бассейне на самом деле относятся к виду S. decorata.
Comparative metabolomic analysis reveals the variations in taxoids and flavonoids among three Taxus species
Authors: Zhou Ting , Luo Xiujun , Zhang Chengchao , Xu Xinyun , Yu Chunna , Jiang Zhifang , Zhang Lei , Yuan Huwei , Zheng Bingsong , Pi Erxu , Shen Chenjia
Published: October 2019

Background

Trees of the genus Taxus are highly valuable medicinal plants with multiple pharmacological effects on various cancer treatments. Paclitaxel from Taxus trees is an efficient and widely used anticancer drug, however, the accumulation of taxoids and other active ingredients can vary greatly among Taxus species. In our study, the metabolomes of three Taxus species have been investigated.Results

A total of 2,246 metabolites assigned to various primary and secondary metabolic pathways were identified using an untargeted approach. Analysis of differentially accumulated metabolites identified 358 T. media -, 220 T. cuspidata -, and 169 T. mairei -specific accumulated metabolites, respectively. By searching the metabolite pool, 7 MEP pathway precursors, 11 intermediates, side chain products and derivatives of paclitaxel, and paclitaxel itself were detected. Most precursors, initiated intermediates were highly accumulated in T. mairei , and most intermediate products approaching the end point of taxol biosynthesis pathway were primarily accumulated in T. cuspidata and T. media . Our data suggested that there were higher-efficiency pathways to paclitaxel in T. cuspidata and T. media compared with in T. mairei . As an important class of active ingredients in Taxus trees, a majority of flavonoids were predominantly accumulated in T. mairei rather than T. media and T. cuspidata . The variations in several selected taxoids and flavonoids were confirmed using a targeted approach.Conclusions

Systematic correlativity analysis identifies a number of metabolites associated with paclitaxel biosynthesis, suggesting a potential negative correlation between flavonoid metabolism and taxoid accumulation. Investigation of the variations in taxoids and other active ingredients will provide us with a deeper understanding of the interspecific differential accumulation of taxoids and an opportunity to accelerate the highest-yielding species breeding and resource utilization.
Genome-wide identification, molecular evolution, and expression analysis provide new insights into the APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily in Dimocarpus longan Lour.
Authors: Zhang Shuting , Zhu Chen , Lyu Yumeng , Chen Yan , Zhang Zihao , Lai Zhongxiong , Lin Yuling
Published: October 2019

Background: The APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily members are transcription factors that regulate diverse developmental processes and stress responses in plants. They have been identified in many plants. However, little is known about the AP2/ERF superfamily in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.), which is an important tropical/subtropical evergreen fruit tree that produces a variety of bioactive compounds with rich nutritional and medicinal value. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of the AP2/ERF superfamily and its roles in somatic embryogenesis (SE) and developmental processes in longan.
Results: A genome-wide survey of the AP2/ERF superfamily was carried out to discover its evolution and function in longan. We identified 125 longan AP2/ERF genes and classified them into the ERF (101 members), AP2 (19 members), RAV (four members), and Soloist (one member) families. The AP2 and soloist genes contained one to ten introns, whereas 87 genes in the ERF and RAV families had no introns. Hormone signaling molecules such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin, auxin, and salicylic acid (SA), and stress response cis-acting element low-temperature (55) and defense (49) boxes also were identified. We detected diverse single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the 'Hong He Zi' (HHZ) and 'SI JI MI' (SJM) cultivars. The number of insertions and deletions (InDels) was far fewer than SNPs. The AP2 family members exhibited more alternative splicing (AS) events in different developmental processes of longan than members of the other families. Expression pattern analysis revealed that some AP2/ERF members regulated early SE and developmental processes in longan seed, root, and flower, and responded to exogenous hormones such as MeJA, SA, and ABA, and 2,4-D, a synthetic auxin. Protein interaction predictions indicated that the Baby Boom (BBM) transcription factor, which was up-regulated at the transcriptional level in early SE, may interact with the LALF/AGL15 network.
Conclusions: The comprehensive analysis of molecular evolution and expression patterns suggested that the AP2/ERF superfamily may play an important role in longan, especially in early SE, and in seed, root, flower, and young fruit. This systematic analysis provides a foundation for further functional characterization of the AP2/ERF superfamily with the aim of longan improvement.
Nutrition education and cooking workshops for families of children with cancer: a feasibility study
Authors: Beaulieu-Gagnon Sabrina , Bélanger Véronique , Meloche Caroline , Curnier Daniel , Sultan Serge , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Marcil Valérie
Published: October 2019

Background: Perturbations of food intake are common in children with cancer and are often caused by nausea and changes in the sense of taste. The VIE (Valorization, Implication, Education) study proposes family-based nutrition and cooking education workshops during childhood cancer treatments. Process evaluation during implementation allows to assess if the intervention was delivered as planned and to determine its barriers and facilitators. The study objective was to describe the implementation process of a nutrition education and cooking workshop program for families of children actively treated for cancer in a non-randomized non-controlled feasibility study.
Methods: Six open-to-all in-hospital workshops were offered on a weekly basis during a one-year implementation phase. We collected qualitative and quantitative using field notes and activity reports completed by the registered dietician facilitator; surveys and questionnaires fulfilled by the workshop participants and by the families enrolled in the VIE study. Field notes were used to collect only qualitative data. Survey respondents (n=26) were mostly mothers (n=19, 73%). Children’s mean age was 7.80 (± 4.99) years and the mean time since diagnosis was 7.98 (± 0.81) months. Qualitative data were codified using hybrid content analysis. The first deductive analysis was based on the Steckler & Linnan concepts. Subthemes were then identified inductively. Quantitative data were presented with descriptive statistics.
Results: Workshop attendance was low (17 participants over 1 year) and 71% of the planned workshops were cancelled due to lack of participants. The principal barriers to participation referred the child’s medical condition, parental presence at the child’s bedside and challenges related to logistics and time management. The level of interest in the topics addressed was found high or very high for 92% of the participants. The themes that were perceived as the most useful by parents were related to the child’ specific medical condition.
Conclusions: Despite high interest, workshops delivered in a face-to-face format were poorly feasible in our sample population. This supports the needs to develop and adapt educational programs in pediatric oncology using strategies and delivery formats that address the major barriers for participation encountered by families.
Assessment of Drug Related Problems among Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Follow up at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abdulmalik Haymen , Tadiwos Yohannes , Legesse Nanati
Published: October 2019

Objectives: To assess drug related problem among patients with type 2 diabetes at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital
Results: In this study, a total of 148 patient medication records were included. More than half, 83(57.4%) were males and the rest 65(42.6%) were females. The mean age of the study participant’s was 51.26 ± 7.08. Around one third (74.3%) of the participants had urban residency. A total of 127 drug related problems were identified, of which dosage too low was the most common type of DRP encountered, 47(37%), followed by unnecessary drug therapy, 25(19.7%) and ineffective drug therapy, 25(19.7%). 95(64.2%) of the patients had at least one drug related problem. Among patients with DRP, more than half of them, 59 (62.1%) had a single DRP. Out of the total participants, 85(57.4%) of them were taking one anti-diabetic medication and 63(42.6%) of them dual anti-diabetic medications. Only half of the patients have attained the desired FBG level. There was no patient who had experienced more than two types of drug related problems at a time. Less than 10% of patients were taking five or more drugs at a time.

Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, Drug therapy problem, Hiwot fana specialized university hospital.
Effect of maternal birth positions on duration of second stage of labor: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Badi Marta Berta , Lindgren Helena , Christensson Kyllike , Mekonnen Sollomon , Adefris Mulat
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: it is believed that giving birth in an upright position is beneficial for both mother and the infant for several physiologic reasons. An upright positioning helps the uterus to contract more strongly and efficiently, the baby gets in a better position and thus can pass through the pelvis faster. Upright and lateral positions enables flexibility in the pelvis and facilitates the extension of the outlet. Before implementing a change in birthing positions in our clinics we need to review evidences available and context valid related to duration of second stage of labor and birthing positions.
Objective: The aim of this review was to examine the effect of maternal flexible sacrum birth position on duration of second stage of labor.
Method: The research searched articles using bibliographical Databases: Medline/PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google scholar and Google. All study designs were considered while investigating the impact of maternal flexible sacrum birthing positioning in relation duration of second stage of labor. Studies including laboring mothers with normal labor and delivery. A total of 1,985 women were included in the reviewed studies. We included both qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Results: We identified 1,680 potential citations, of which 8 articles assessed the effect of maternal upright birth positioning on the reduction during the duration of second stage of labor. Two studies were excluded because of incomplete reports for meta analysis. The result suggested a reduction in duration of second stage of labor among women in a flexible sacrum birthing position, with a mean duration from 3.2-34.8. The pooled weighted mean difference with random effect model was 21.118(CI: 11.839-30.396) minutes, with the same significant heterogeneity between the studies (I 2 =96.8%, p<000).
Conclusion: The second stage duration was reduced in cases of a flexible sacrum birthing position. Even though the reduction in duration varies across studies with considerable heterogeneity, laboring women should be encouraged to choose her comfortable birth position. Researchers who aim to compare different birthing positions should consider study designs which enable women to choose birthing position.
Prospero registration number [CRD42019120618]
Keywords: maternal position, flexible sacrum position, second stage duration
Joint analysis of spectrum and amplitude (JASA) of electromyograms applied for the indication of muscular fatigue in carpet weaving
Authors: Mortazavi Narges , Allahyari Teimour , Khalkhali Hamid Reza , Sanjari Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2019

Background Hand carpet weaving requires prolonged static and repetitive tasks in a stationary and constrained postures, thus there is a high prevalence of muscle pain and fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders among carpet weavers.Methods This study aimed to determining the muscle fatigue in carpet weaving tasks by Joint Analysis of Spectral and amplitude (JASA (method. Two typical carpet weaving workstations were simulated in laboratory, and 12 female carpet weavers participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded during work in bilateral upper trapezius and bilateral middle deltoid. The root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) values were extracted from the raw EMG signal and used to estimate muscle load and fatigue. Joint analysis of spectral and amplitude (JASA (was performed for estimating the muscle fatigue.Results Result showed that in three out of four tested muscles, muscle fatigue and force decrease in workstation B were higher than those in workstation A.Conclusion In comparison to the simultaneous analysis of amplitude and spectral parameters in JASA method, it seems that the results are more reliable than the separate analysis of spectral and amplitude parameters. However further studies on other involved muscles in carpet weaving tasks were recommended.
Handling missing data in a composite outcome with partially observed components: Application in clustered paediatric routine data.
Authors: Gachau Susan , Njagi Edmund Njeru , Owuor Nelson , Mwaniki Paul , Quartagno Matteo , English Mike , Ayieko Philip
Published: October 2019

Background: In health care settings, composite measures are used to combine information from multiple quality of care measures into a single summary score. Composite scores provide global insights and trends about complex and multidimensional quality of care processes. However, missing data in subcomponents may hinder the overall reliability of the composite measures in subsequent analysis and inferences. In this study we demonstrate strategies for handling missing data in Paediatric Admission Quality of Care (PAQC) score, a composite outcome which summarizes quality of inpatient paediatric care in low income settings.Methods: We analysed routine data collected in a cluster randomized trial in 12 Kenyan hospitals. Multilevel multiple imputation (MI) within joint model framework was used to fill-in missing values in selected PAQC score subcomponents and partially observed covariates across two levels of hierarchy. We used proportional odds random intercepts and generalized estimating equations (GEE) models to analyse PAQC score before and after multiple imputation. Using a set of simulations scenario, that is, varied proportions of missingness in PAQC score subcomponents of interest under missing at random and missing completely at random mechanisms respectively, we compared the magnitude of bias in parameter estimates obtained under MI and the conventional method in addressing missing data in PAQC score components. Under the conventional method we scored all missing PAQC score components with value 0.Results: Results from observed data showed that multiple imputation of both PAQC score components and covariates yielded more accurate and precise estimates compared to complete case analysis. From the simulation study, the conventional missing data method led to significantly larger biases in estimated proportional log odds of the outcome compared to MI methods. The amount of bias increased with increase in rate of missingness with substantial variation between the missing data mechanisms under the conventional method. Conclusion: In comparison with conventional method, MI produce minimally biased estimates regardless of amount of missing data rate and underlying mechanism. We therefore recommend avoiding the conventional method in favour of multiple imputation; more research is needed to compare different ways of performing multiple imputation at the component and composite outcome level.TRIAL REGISTRATION: US National Institutes of Health-ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number) NCT02817971 . Registered September 28, 2016-retrospectively registered.
Mechanism of LIN28B in trophoblastic villous cells of unexplained recurrent abortion
Authors: Huang QiaoYao , Niu YanRu , Song LiJun , Huang JinZhi , Wang Chenxi , ma tianzhong
Published: October 2019

LIN28B plays an important role in early embryonic development, but its role in villous trophoblast implantation and differentiation remains unknown. Purpose: To verify the role of LIN28B in trophoblastic villous tissue and cells from women with URSA(unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion)and artificial termination of pregnancy (negative control, NC). Methods: The LIN28B gene and its protein expression level were detected with real-time quantitative PCR, Western immunoblotting analysis, and immunocytochemistry. The gene was also overexpressed in chorionic villous cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo) to examine its effect on trophoblast function. Results: The expression of LIN28B mRNA and protein of URSA villi was lower than that in the NC group. At the cellular level, overexpression of LIN28B enhanced cellular migration, and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis. LIN28B may inhibit apoptosis by promoting Akt phosphorylation and by inhibiting Bad phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression. In addition, LIN28B inhibited cell fusion and reduced cellular syncytia. Conclusions: The expression of LIN28B is decreased with URSA, inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and promoting apoptosis and fusion. Dystrophic dysfunction, then, may be one of the causes of miscarriage.
Genome-wide transcriptional patterns of candidate genes linked to distinctive pathogenesis in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Chen Shengbo , Li Zhijun , Li Chen , Liu Yi , Zhi Fachao , Zhao Xinmei
Published: October 2019

Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel (IBD) disease with variable and complex pathophysiology. The objective of the present study was to identify genome-wide gene expression profiles underlying the progression of CD.
Methods: Surgery biopsies (n=48) were analyzed by Illumina cDNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension, and a ligation microarray process specifically designed for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded clinical samples. Tissue samples were collected from consecutive actively-involved and uninvolved sites from the same CD patient. The CD-involved and CD-uninvolved samples were compared with non-inflammatory bowel disease healthy controls.
Results: CD patients’ uninvolved sites demonstrated an average gene expression between CD-involved patients and healthy controls suggesting the CD uninvolved site was unable to restore the full healthy control phenotype. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling-associated genes were involved in both CD involved and uninvolved sites, showing a stepwise decrease in the gene and protein expression of PPAR and downregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2, as confirmed by gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry.
Conclusions: The results of the present study provide evidence for clear differentiation of the two states, and in some cases repeated flares appeared chronically at the previous uninvolved locus.
Bioinformatics analysis of immune infiltration patterns in breast cancer for identification of prognostic markers
Authors: Yao Yan , Zhang Tingting , Qi Lingyu , Liu Ruijuan , Liu Gongxi , Wang Jia , Song Qi , Li Jie , Sun Changgang
Published: October 2019

Background/purpose Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the clinical treatment of several tumors. Immune infiltration has been found to be closely related to clinical prognosis, but it shows limited activity in breast cancer (BC). Therefore, this study aimed to explore the infiltration pattern of immune cells in BC, and to find potential prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets.Patients and methods We downloaded the immune genome data of BC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and analyzed the tumor- infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in BC for the first time using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The aim of this study was to assess the proportions of 22 immune cell subsets in BC and examine the correlation between each TIIC and overall survival (OS) as well as clinical characteristics.Results The results indicated that: (1) there was a significant difference between the immune infiltration spectrum of cancerous and adjacent tissues, with M2 macrophages, M0 macrophages, and CD4 + T cells being highly expressed in BC; (2) CD8 + T cells were positively correlated with activated CD4 + memory T cells and negatively correlated with M0 macrophages, and M2 macrophages was inversely correlated with M1 macrophages, T cells regulatory, T cells CD8; (3) T cells, macrophages and BC TNM stage, age, clinical stage were correlated (P < 0.05); and (4) high expression of M2 macrophage markers could be an independent biomarker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for BC.Conclusion This study provides a new research method for the systematic study of immune cells in the BC tumor microenvironment, and provides theoretical guidance for further experiments to verify M2 macrophages and T cell subsets as a potential target for immunotherapy and prognosis.