bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
the needs of women returning to school
Authors: BRANDENBURG JUDITH BERMAN
Published: January 2012

Many women who have experienced an extended interruption in their formal education find that their decision to return to school is both serious and significant. This article describes the special needs of women returning to school and analyzes these needs on both psychological and practical levels. The author offers suggestions about how colleges in general and student personnel workers in particular might help meet these needs, and she highlights programs and practices developed at one college. The discussion is based primarily on the experiences of women who are regular matriculated day session students at an urban commuter college. Observations are drawn from interviews, group discussions, and a questionnaire.
toward professional commitment through risking and sharing
Authors: GERLER EDWIN R.
Published: January 2012

Because many counselors perform tasks that offer little satisfaction, their commitment to the counseling profession is minimal. In this article the author suggests that by taking the risk to implement innovative counseling techniques and by sharing ideas both within and outside the profession, counselors can derive greater satisfaction from their work and consequently experience increased professional commitment.
tomorrow's horoscope for today's counselor types
Authors: MOZÉE ELLIOTT
Published: January 2012

It is salutary for us to view ourselves with tongue in cheek occasionally. Humor carries its own modicum of truth, so the reader is enjoined to play the game according to the rules. If you become offended, says the author, you either believe in astrology or take yourself too seriously—perhaps both. If you are amused, fine; but the author hopes this article will provoke a little thought as well.
Research in Counseling
Authors: SCOTT STEPHAN H. , WARNER RICHARD W.
Published: January 2012

This column is based on the belief that research can provide meaningful data to the practicing counselor. While individual studies may not provide sufficient data on which to act, a combination of separate research efforts or a large‐scale, long‐term research project does have the possibility of providing sufficient data. This column will undertake to provide that data by either reviewing the current research in a specific area or examining the results from a long‐term project. The emphasis will be on implications for the counselor, so there will be little if any information on research design or statistical procedures. Readers desiring more detail about a particular study should write directly to the original author(s). Readers who desire to have the results of their research and/or innovative approaches considered for review in this column should send the material to Richard W. Warner, Jr., Counselor Education, 2054 Haley Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36830.
Righting the wrongs of writing: copy editors speak out
Authors: ALEXANDER JACLYN J. , WALL JUDY
Published: January 2012

The major part of APGA Press production editors' jobs is copy editing manuscripts before they are set in type. In this article, written at the invitation of the P&G editor, two APGA Press Staff members use specific examples to illustrate the grammatical and stylistic errors that cause problems for them and, if not corrected, for readers. The authors hope that contributors and potential contributors to professional journals will find this article helpful in expressing their ideas clearly when preparing material for publication.
Counseling Rejected Applicants: Feedback for Career Development
Authors: HEIKKINEN CHARLES A.
Published: January 2012

In this article the author points out the need for more adequate counseling with an often neglected segment of the population: rejected applicants to higher education. He delineates the roles, functions, and problems of the counselor in this situation, using as an example current procedures for counseling rejected applicants in the Yale Physician's Associate Program. The article contains recommendations for counselors, so that they might become more familiar with the problems and functions of admissions committees, and for admissions committees, so that they might enlist the aid of those with counseling training in both the admissions process and the counseling of rejected applicants.
The helping process as developmental existentialism
Authors: GUARDO CAROL J.
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this article is to present a new orientation toward the helping process in order to suggest additional practical strategies for helpers. The position is labeled “developmental existentialism” because it places existential principles within a developmental framework. The author examines the general features, assumptions, defining dimensions, and propositions of the position. The perspective of this new approach enables clients to be assessed in terms of their degree of health, types of anxieties, motivational levels, means of coping, and developmental strengths and weaknesses.
Student personnel services in the university without walls
Authors: WISHNOFF ROBERT
Published: January 2012

With the growth of the university without walls, or the open university, a new and expanded role can be in the making for the student personnel professional. This professional's expanded functions should center around outreach services that are necessary for the special groups the open university can serve. An active role for the student personnel professional should become a reality within the nontraditional university.
Career planning inventories: “do‐it‐yourself” won't do
Authors: BROWN STEPHEN J.
Published: January 2012

This article explores the practical difficulties encountered in using self‐administering, self‐scoring, and self‐interpreting career guidance instruments with students who have white‐collar aspirations and blue‐collar histories. After dramatizing and summarizing the problems, the author describes a model for successful use of one such inventory—as a text rather than a test—with career exploration groups.
the cooling out of two‐year college women
Authors: MOORE KATHRYN McDANIEL
Published: January 2012

The author describes the concept of “cooling out” as developed by Burton Clark and examines its applicability to the experience of women in the two‐year college. She looks at four cooling out agents: parents, uncontrollable circumstances, counselors, and the two‐year college itself. The discussion is based on interviews with 62 women in three two‐year colleges. The author concludes that cooling out as experienced by women is congruent with but not exactly like the process as described by Clark. Nevertheless, the importance of counseling to the cooling out function is reasserted.
Re:Views
Authors: Weinrach Stephen G.
Published: January 2012

WORK, WORK, WORK: Project WERC: Why Not Explore Rewarding Careers? Produced by The South Carolina Educational Television Station, Columbia, 1971, and distributed by APGA.

WORK, WORK, WORK: Career Development: Theory and Research, John J. Pietrofesa and Howard Splete.

WORK, WORK, WORK: Facilitating Career Development, Strategies for Counselors. Robert C. Reardon and Harman D. Burck, editors.

WORK, WORK, WORK: Occupational Information: Where to Get It in Career Education. Robert Hoppock.

WORK, WORK, WORK: Career Wheels, produced by Education‐Career Systems and distributed by APGA.

WORK, WORK, WORK: The World of Work: A Guide to Choosing a Career. Walter Dean Myers.

WORK, WORK, WORK: Finding Your First Job. Carl McDaniels.

WORK, WORK, WORK: How To Complete Job Application Forms. C. Todd Strohmenger.

WORK, WORK, WORK: Health at Work. Ward Gardner and Peter Taylor.

WORK, WORK, WORK: THE MANPOWER CONNECTION—Education and Work. Eli Ginzberg.

THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Personality: Theory Assessment and Research. Lawrence A. Pervin.

THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Group Techniques for Program Planning: A Guide to Nominal Group and Delphi Processes. Andre L Delbecq, Andrew H. Van de Ven, and David H. Gustafson.

THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Interpersonal Conflict Resolution. Alan C. Filley.

THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Psychoanalysis and Feminism. Juliet Mitchell.

THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: The Behavioral Treatment of Sexual Problems: Volume 2, Intensive Therapy. Jack A. Annon.

THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: When Schools Care: Creative Use of Groups in Secondary Schools. Irving H. Berkovitz, editor.

THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Personal and Interpersonal Appraisal Techniques for: Counselors, Teachers, Students. M.A. Kiley.

THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: The Healing Journey: New Approaches to Consciousness. Claudio Naranjo.

THEORIES, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES: Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication. Ray L. Birdwhistell.
Re: Views
Authors: Weinrach Stephen G.
Published: January 2012

Human Resource Development Videotape Series—Life Skills Carkhuff, Robert R., Amherst

Videotapes: Helping Model Module

Attending Skills Module

Responding Skills Module

Personalizing Skills Module

Initiating Skills Module

The Case of Jerry

The Case of Jane

The Case of Manny

Robert R. Carkhuff. The Art of Helping

Robert R. Carkhuff, and Richard M. Pierce. Trainer's Guide: The Art of Helping.

Behavioral Counseling (8 16mm color films)

Hosford, Ray E.

Films: Identifying the Problem

Observing and Recording Behavior

Counseling Techniques: Social Modeling

Counseling Techniques: Desensitization——Part I

Formulating the Counseling Goal

Counseling Techniques: Reinforcement Procedures

Counseling Techniques: Assertive Training

Counseling Techniques: Self‐as‐a Model

Ray E. Hosford, and Louis A. J. M. deVisser. Behavioral Approaches to Counseling: An Introduction

Systematic Videotraining for Beginning Helpers Allen E. Ivey and Norma B.

Basic Attending Skills (2 1/2 hours videotape)

Basic Influencing Skills (2 1/2 hours, videotape)

Microcounseling: An Introduction (1 hour videotape),

Rental includes permission to make a copy on one's own equipment.

Norman Kagan. Interpersonal Process Recall: A Method of Influencing Human Interaction.

Films: Unit 1 Elements of Facilitating Communication

Unit 2 Affect Simulation, Film 1

Film 2

Unit 3 Interviewer Recall New Client, Film A‐1

On‐going Therapy, Film A‐2

College Resident Advisor

Curriculum Director, Film A‐4

Unit 4 Inquirer Role and Function

Unit 5 Client Recall A Mother, Film B‐1

Junior High Student, Film B‐2

A Couple, Film B‐3

Unit 6 Mutual Recall

Mother and Social

Worker, Film C‐1

Physician and Patient, Film C‐2

Dating Couple, Film C‐3

Health Team, Film C‐4

Mother and Two Children, Film C‐5

Intact Family, Film C‐6

Classroom Team, Film C‐7

Unit 7 IPR Theory—Discussion

Norman Kagan, Interpersonal Process Recall: A Method of Influencing Human Interaction
Re: Views
Authors: Weinrach Stephen G.
Published: January 2012

Career Decisions Game. Tony Plaskanos and Sam Savitz. Paoli, Pa.: Instructo/McGraw‐Hill, 1976. $10.95.

People on the Job. Betty Medsger. Posters. Oakland, Calif.: Mind Openers, 1977. $12 for set of 20.

Say It with Puppets. Dayton, Ohio: Pflaum, 1975. $18.95.

Mental Retardation and Human Sexuality. Winifred Kempton, Ruth Faden, and Joseph Lascalzo. 20‐minute filmstrip and record. Philadelphia: Planned Parenthood Association of Southeastern Pennsylvania. $25.00.

Lifeline. Schools Council Moral Education Curriculum Program (United Kingdom). Kit—Flash cards and user's guide. Niles, Ill.: Argus Communications, 1975. $47.50 for kit, or parts may be purchased separately: Sensitivity Cards, $10.00; Consequence Cards, $10.00; Points of Review Cards, $10.00; Proving the Rule booklets (set of five), $7.50; What Would You Have Done? booklets (set of six), $6.50; Learning to Care: Teacher's Guide, $10.00.

A Dialogue on Education and the Control of Human Behavior: Carl R. Rogers and B. F. Skinner. Gerald A. Gladstein, Editor. Six‐cassette album. New York: Jeffrey Norton, 1976. $48.00.

Death and Dying: Closing the Circle. Robert Jay Lifton, Consultant. Film strips and cassettes or LP records. New York: Guidance Associates, 1975. Three parts, approximately 16 minutes each. (Series expanded to five parts in 1977; first three are reviewed.) $64.50.

Talking Library of Occupational Information for the Blind. Benjamin J. Pumo, Editor. Cassettes. Detroit: Greater Detroit Society for the Blind, 1976. $85.00 plus $4.00 for handling.

The Job Game. Cassettes and workbooks. New York: Employment Training Corp., 1975. $149.00.

LOOK (Learning Occupational Objectives Kit). Moravia: Chronicle Guidance, 1975. $149.00.

Business of Your Own. Three cassettes and illustrated books. Carson, Calif.: Educational Insights, 1976. $150.00.

Expo 10—Exploring Career Interest. Judith L. Anderson, Patricia Schildknecht, and John Steuber. Print and nonprint games. Chicago: Science Research Associates. 1975. $385.33 list; $289.00 school price.

The World of Work. Cassettes, student‐record booklets, and leader guides. New York: Educational Design, Educational Resources Div., 1969–75. $535.50.

A Career for Tomorrow. Audiovideo cartridges. Columbus, Ga.: American Learning Systems, 1975–76. 60 cartridges, 15 to 20 minutes each. $4,600.00 for cartridges; $325.00 to $398.00 for projector.
Re:Views
Authors: Weinrach Stephen G.
Published: January 2012

Human Development: Child development: An introduction. Robert F. Biehler.

Human Development: Concepts and Theories of Human Development. Richard M. Lerner.

Human Development: The Psychology of Adolescence. John E. Horrocks

Human Development: Emotional Problems of Adolescents. J. Roswell Gallagher and Herbert I. Harris (3rd ed.).

Human Development: CIRCUS, Form A. Reading, Mass.

Human Development: From Childhood to Adolescence. Maria Montessori.

Human Development: Child Adolescent Psychology (2nd ed.). Gene R. Medinnus and Ronald C. Johnson.

Human Development: Developmental Education and Other Emerging Alternatives In Secondary Guidance Programs. G. Dean Miller, Editor.

New Instructional Materials: Practical Counseling in the Schools. Gary S. Belkin.

New Instructional Materials: Counseling Theory and Process. James C. Hansen, Richard R. Stevic and Richard W. Warner, Jr. (2nd ed.).

New Instructional Materials: Ethical Standards Casebook. Robert Callis, Editor (2nd ed.).

New Instructional Materials: Fundamentals of Guidance. Bruce Shertzer and Shelly C. Stone (3rd ed.).

New Instructional Materials: Guidance in Today's Schools. Donald G. Mortensen and Alan M. Schmuller. (3rd ed.).

New Instructional Materials: All Kinds of Weather Friend. Dwight Webb.
Re: Views
Authors: Weinrach Stephen G.
Published: January 2012

Book reviewed in this article:

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Career Counseling: Theory and Practice

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Therapeutic Psychology: Fundamentals of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Lawrence M. Brammer and Everett L. Shostrom (3rd ed.)

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Theoretical and Experimental Bases of the Behaviour Therapies. M. P. Feldman and A. Broadhurst, Editors

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Behavioral Approaches to Therapy. Janet T. Spence, Robert C. Carson and John W. Thibaut, Editors

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Gerald Corey

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Group Counseling: Theory & Process. James C. Hansen, Richard W. Warner and Elsie M. Smith

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Theories and Methods of Group Counseling in the Schools (2nd ed.). George M. Gazda

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Group Counseling (2nd ed.). Merle M. Ohlsen

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Gestalt Approaches to Counseling and Teaching: Experiences and Exercises. William Passons

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Principles of Guidance (2nd ed.). Harold W. Bernard and Daniel W. Fullmer

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Interpersonal Living: A Skills/Contract Approach to Human‐Relations Training in Groups. Gerard Egan

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Human Relations Development: A Manual for Educators (2nd ed.). George M. Gazda, Frank R. Asbury, Fred J. Balzer, William C. Childers, Richard F. Walters

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Counseling in the Elementary and Middle Schools: A Pragmatic Approach. James J. Muro and Don C. Dinkmeyer

Theories, Tools, and Techniques Organizing and Evaluating Elementary School Guidance Services: Why, What, and How. Jeanette A. Brown
The Present and Future of the Profession: View From a Counselor‐Education Program
Authors: Ritter Kathleen Y.
Published: January 2012

In this article, the future of the counseling profession is viewed from the perspective of students who are currently enrolled in a particular training program. Descriptive characteristics (age, sex, marital status, years of teaching experience, years of counseling experience, hours employed per week, locations of employment, future career goals, and Personal Orientation Inventory scores) are reported for these students. In some cases, comparative data from other programs are provided and possible trends discussed. Speculations are made regarding social influences on training programs and possible long‐range implications for the profession. Last, and most important, colleague response is invited.
Counseling the Aging: Some Practical Considerations
Authors: O'Brien Charles R. , Johnson Josephine L. , Miller Barbara
Published: January 2012

Although counseling older individuals requires the use of basic helping skills, other complementary phases of working with this special population must be addressed. This article outlines the multiple‐loss aspect of the aging individual's environment and suggests some specific strategies for assisting these persons to realize their ongoing potential and residual personal strength.
A Peer Assertiveness‐Training Program
Authors: Sandmeyer Louise E. , Ranck Annette W. , Chiswick Nancy R.
Published: January 2012

The demand for assertiveness‐training groups and the effective use of paraprofessionals in skills training were influential factors in the authors' decision to develop a peer assertiveness‐training program. This program extends the availability of assertiveness training to students through the use of paraprofessionals as group leaders. This article describes a format for developing a peer assertiveness‐training program and is based on the authors' experience conducting this program during the 1977–78 academic year at Pennsylvania State University.
Leadership and Rehabilitation Training for Troubled Adolescents in a Tri‐ethnic Setting
Authors: Marion Robert L.
Published: January 2012

In many school systems in the country, especially in urban areas, large numbers of adolescent students feel alienated and frustrated because they are not allowed to participate in the decision‐making process and in school activities. The result of this lack of participation is illustrated by the large number of adolescents who drop out, are pushed out, or are suspended and expelled. Unless these students become involved, rehabilitated, and their leadership potential is developed, the gap will continue to widen between those who have assumed leadership through authority (administrators, teachers, and counselors) and those who are most affected by a lack of involvement (students).
Physical Attractiveness, Dating Behavior, and Implications for Women
Authors: Spreadbury Constance Lizotte , Reeves Joy Bennett
Published: January 2012

The primary objective of this study was to determine which of two sociological theories of dating preference was more powerful in predicting women's actual dating frequency. The two theories tested were Waller's theory, which emphasizes physical attractiveness, and Blood's theory, which emphasizes personality. The present study supported Waller's theory. Discussion and implications for women and counselors are presented.
Differential Educational Aspiration Levels in a Sample of Undergraduate Health Majors
Authors: Dietrich Marie C.
Published: January 2012

Motive to avoid success (M‐s) describes the inner conflict that high‐achieving females experience when they are confronted with academic success. Little research has been done on M‐s in a predominantly female occupation. Evidence of the trait was detected in a sample of 462 female students at the associate degree and bachelor's degree levels of the medical laboratory profession when they were compared with 118 male peers. An academic variable (high school rank) and two motivational variables (idealized and realistic degree aspiration) were employed. Counseling techniques and recommended areas of future M‐s research are presented.
Beyond the Total Woman: Creative Life Planning to Meet Women's Needs
Authors: Newman Betsy
Published: January 2012

What is needed in the face of the changes and challenges offered women today is a multidimensional three‐career approach to career planning: an approach that takes into account individual, relationship, and lifework needs and satisfactions. Responsible college counseling should intervene at this point and provide, rather than simple job placement or even career development, a method of creative life planning sensitive to the acknowledged stages of adult development. Through individual counseling, use of role models, seminars and workshops, group discussions and resource centers, the hard, meaningful questions of life planning can be asked and answered.
A Maslovian Counseling Model
Authors: Kirkpatrick J. Stephen
Published: January 2012

With Maslow's hierarchy as a basis, the model expands to provide a structure for setting goals in counseling cases and overall programs. Fourteen kinds of client concerns are identified, and suggestions are made for using these 14 categories. The article includes specific suggestions for using the model in diagnosis, evaluation, counselor education, and research.
The Systems Approach: A Technique for Establishing Counseling and Guidance Programs
Authors: Celotta Beverly
Published: January 2012

Schools and agencies are under increasing pressure to demonstrate program effectiveness and be accountable in terms of cost to the consumer. Systems methodology, developed for use in other fields, may have the potential for program development in counseling. This article discusses some of the ways in which systems technology may be directly employed in a counseling setting.
Counseling Women in Behavioral Self‐Direction
Authors: Krumboltz Helen Brandhorst , Shapiro Johanna
Published: January 2012

After consciousness raising, what? Women who want to alter their socialized responses may learn the necessary skills from counselors. Teaching behavioral self‐management principles in the context of women's sex role enculturation is a preventive as well as corrective approach to helping women develop increased personal effectiveness. It is also an important option for those who do not need therapy or who have found other skill training insufficient.
Adding Affect to Assertion Training
Authors: Kahn Sharon E.
Published: January 2012

Cognitive‐behavioral approaches to assertion training may be enhanced by the addition of affective techniques. Contrasted role play and Gestalt two‐chair role play are suggested for unassertive clients. Training in affective expressiveness and resolution of internal conflicts enables clients to discover feelings of personal power to support assertive behaviors.
Men Counseling Men: Redefining the Male Machine
Authors: Washington Craig S.
Published: January 2012

The opportunity for men to give and receive counsel with other men is now a reality with the men's consciousness‐raising movement. This article describes a men's CR program that encourages men to explore their ideas, feelings, and values in a noncompetitive and trusting atmosphere. Three important themes—self‐disclosure, competition, and affection are identified. Barriers to developing close relationships and methodological problems are also identified. In addition, the article provides some examples of experiential and discussion activities that may enhance the level of group participation and trust.
A Viable Alternative to Suspension From junior High School
Authors: Dilling Tracy W.
Published: January 2012

In an effort to make better use of suspension procedures to modify student behavior, increase academic success of students experiencing suspension, and bring family and school together in behalf of any child whose behavior evidences social needs, a junior high school counselor‐administrator‐teacher team developed an Alternative to Suspension program that seems to work. Viable components of the program are thought to be in‐school suspension time, no distracting activities, regular teacher academic involvement, counseling, and a high degree of parent involvement. The program is felt to be of great benefit in the solution of many negative aspects of a regular suspension procedure.
Life‐Styling Workshops: Some New Developments
Authors: Mcllroy Joan Hartzke
Published: January 2012

Practitioners are giving increased attention to the concept of life‐style change. One tool for assisting people with this process is a life‐styling workshop. Although various life‐planning workshop models have been recorded, the author has developed several unique activities to augment the existential nature of the workshops. The article describes these exercises and indicates their sequence within a total life‐styling workshop. A consciousness‐choice‐commitment paradigm is a suggested framework for designing alternate workshop models.
Medway and Smith's ‘An Examination of Contemporary Elementary School Affective Education Programs’
Authors: Gumaer Jim
Published: January 2012

Frederic J. Medway and Robert C. Smith, Jr.
Some Observations on Criminal Justice
Authors: Barry John R.
Published: January 2012

Simha Landau

Daniel LeClair

Ronald Roesch
Can We Help Belligerent Counselees?
Authors: Smaby Marlowe , Tamminen Armas W.
Published: January 2012

This article presents a framework and principles for counseling belligerent counselees. It integrates moral reasoning and behavior contracting with the counseling process and describes the limited rationales of victimization, guilt, and helplessness. Then, a moral reasoning framework is presented whereby counselors move the counselees from the punishment stage to a trade‐off and socially responsive stages through contracting. Finally, the counseling and contract principles are delineated for establishing a relationship aimed at improved behavior, facilitating recognition that behavior causes consequences, inducing positive behavior through rewards, and encouraging transfer to new situations.
Guidance and Counseling in the Elementary School: Its Theoretical Base
Authors: Berry Elizabeth
Published: January 2012

Although many proponents of elementary counseling and guidance have stressed the preventive, developmental approach, an examination of job practices shows some inconsistency between the approach as stated and its implementation. This discrepancy is traced to the failure of elementary counseling and guidance to develop a theoretical base that relates guidance and counseling processes to the process of child development in the early childhood years. This research‐based article attempts to identify the problem further, to examine its origins, and to find a solution to it. The author shows how a communication‐theory approach could bridge this gap and offers some suggestions for its implementation and use.
The Counselor and Student Discipline: Suggested Roles
Authors: Bickel Frank , O'Neill Maude
Published: January 2012

The problem of role definition for counselors relative to discipline problems has been persistent. Difficulties in defining and adopting appropriate roles in discipline have been exacerbated by conflicting expectations between and among administrators, counselors, and faculty. This article provides a short summary and analysis of the literature on the counselor's role in school discipline; possible counselor roles are grouped into six categories: mediator, ombudsman, consultant, psychological educator, special program developer, and counselor. From the variety of roles defined and discussed, counselors may find one or a combination of several roles that both satisfy the needs of their students and are appropriate to their own personalities and/or skill levels.
The Evolving “D” in “BASIC ID”
Authors: Gerler Edwin R.
Published: January 2012

The multimodal counseling model is based on the notion that a client's concerns can be dealt with most successfully when the counselor or therapist treats several aspects of a client's functioning. The multimodal model uses the acronym BASIC ID to identify the areas of client functioning that frequently need to be treated. These areas include behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relations, and drugs. The D mode, which represents drugs, is a misunderstood aspect of the BASIC ID partly because it does not seem to parallel other aspects of the model. Over the past few years the D mode has been expanded to include more than drugs, in particular, to include diet and other physiological factors. This article describes the evolution of the D mode and attempts to show the importance of a physiological dimension to the multimodal counseling approach.
Pitfalls in Counseling Alcoholic Clients
Authors: Forman Stuart I.
Published: January 2012

Counseling alcoholic clients is a difficult problem for even the most seasoned counselor. Clients' abilities to use denial and manipulation demand a parallel counselor ability to identify dynamics properly, to deal with defenses, and to provide empathetic support while remaining emotionally noninvested. The unique dynamics of alcoholism demand that the counselor develop unique and innovative strategies within the counseling relation, literally to save the life of the client.
Combining Counseling and Career Services: Conflicts and Choices
Authors: Bishop John B.
Published: January 2012

This article describes some of the administrative issues in merging counseling and career services in institutions of higher education. Discussion focuses on the major kinds of problems that can be anticipated and the eventual choices that administrators must make.
Career Counseling for Families (and Other Multi‐Age Groups)
Authors: Laramore Darryl
Published: January 2012

This article presents a model for career counseling of families. Parents need to have skills to help their children and young adults make good career decisions. Children can also help their parents clarify their goals for either reentering the labor market or making career changes. The model can also be adapted for other groups whose members' ages differ widely. The differing ages representing people in different stages of career development provide a dynamic element, which can increase effectiveness. Laramore provides a summary of counseling sessions to assist the counselor in working with groups of this type.
Teenage Fathers: A Profile
Authors: BARRET ROBERT L. , ROBINSON BRYAN E.
Published: January 2012

In this century both the literature and social programs devoted to adolescent pregnancy have focused almost exclusively on the female. This article presents a profile of teenage fathers by reviewing the scant literature that is available. The authors make specific recommendations for counselors on the basis of this review.
Career Development: An Outline of Issues for Men
Authors: SKOVHOLT THOMAS M. , MORGAN JAMES I.
Published: January 2012

Career development is central to men's lives because occupation is closely welded to male identity. Specific issues discussed in this article include: sex role stereotypes and men's careers; the male equation of occupational success and high self esteem; the balancing of work, personal attachments and recreation; traditional and nontraditional careers; male‐female employment combinations; developmental issues of mid‐life and retirement; and high consumption (the result/motivator of occupational success?). Men will continue to need clearly conceptualized and highly skilled help with career development issues.
Counseling the Uncoupling Male
Authors: MORGAN ROBERT M.
Published: January 2012

Over a million men are involved each year in the agony and turmoil of the uncoupling process. This article discusses counseling techniques that aid in counseling males leaving the marriage relationship.
Counseling Men in Groups
Authors: HEPPNER P. PAUL
Published: January 2012

This article advocates group counseling as an effective intervention strategy for problems that characteristically confront men. It is maintained that aspects of the traditional male socialization process create therapeutic obstacles for counseling men in groups; the purpose of the male's defenses is anxiety reduction, although the male's coping behaviors are usually an excellent example of his inner personal problems. Counseling men in groups also has implications for group counselors, specifically with regard to counselor sexism, countertransference issues, and special applications of group counseling techniques and skills.
Men's Liberation and the Men's Movement: Implications for Counselors
Authors: LEWIS ROBERT A.
Published: January 2012

This article briefly describes some of the changes in men that are a result of “men's liberation” and examines some of the evidence for the Men's Movement, a network of men and women across the United States and Western Europe that is a counterpart to the Women's Movement. The article also explores some of the implications of men's liberation and the Men's Movement for counselors who work with men wishing to change, especially in terms of developing partnerships as equals with women.
The Effects of Problem‐Solving Training on Adolescents' Career Exploration and Career Decision Making
Authors: JEPSEN DAVID A. , DUSTIN RICHARD , MIARS RUSSELL
Published: January 2012

Of three career guidance methods, namely guided field trips, cognitive, and behavioral problem‐solving training, the latter had more influence on 11th graders' career exploratory and career decision making behaviors.
Intimacy in Adults: A Developmental Model for Counselors and Helpers
Authors: SPOONER SUSAN E.
Published: January 2012

Intimacy is described as a developmental task of adults, and a model developed by Marvin Rytting is presented as a tool for use in working with adult clients and for self‐understanding.
Counselor Liability: Does the Risk Require Insurance Coverage?
Authors: HENDRICKSON ROBERT M.
Published: January 2012

Counselors face various types of liability risk. Knowledge of case law can help minimize those risks, but insurance is a must.
Counseling Colleagues
Authors: BOICE ROBERT
Published: January 2012

The author examines the problems and benefits in working with administrators and academic colleagues in this clinically oriented faculty development program.
NOT MERELY ORNAMENTAL
Authors: McNamara Marie
Published: January 2012

Those persons, if any, who have thought of Occupations as a magazine fit to adorn the library table but incapable of real use as a working tool will be surprised to see the part it can play in a study circle or other discussion group. We plan to publish other outlines of the sort here displayed, but we beg our readers not to wait for them. This one, we confess, is presented in part for the purpose of stimulating the sending of others. If you know of such, don't keep us in the dark. We shall learn of them in time, anyway, and you might as well gain the credit of being their transmitter.
THE ALLEGED OVERPOPULATION OF THE COLLEGE
Authors: Kelly Robert L.
Published: January 2012

In 1890 there were about 122,000 college students in the United States. Today there are 750,000, or, if you include the professional schools of the universities, 1,000,000. One student in college to every 160 persons in the country—does that mean academic overpopulation or doesn't it? In answering this question, the Executive Secretary of the Association of American Colleges is led to consider the variety among colleges and their not exactly impetuous adaptation to individual differences among students. There must be more well qualified students, Dr. Kelly concludes—and a better adjustment of college programs.
EMPLOYMENT OF RECENT GRADUATES IN JOURNALISM
Authors: Higginbotham Leslie
Published: January 2012

These are not inviting times for persons graduating from college and looking for a place in the world, but graduates of courses in journalism have apparently fared better than others. And among these graduates, those from small institutions and medium‐sized classes have been especially successful in finding employment. Such are some of the results of the first study of its kind.
II Turkey—Turning to Training
Authors: Reed Cass A. , Vrooman Lee
Published: January 2012

Although vocational guidance has not been formally introduced into the school system of Turkey, it is giving signs of its existence. All freshmen at International College, an American institution,1 are required to take an orientation course which considers vocational problems. The college is also building up a permanent file of its alumni, including their vocational records. As Turkey is giving definite attention to her vocational needs, guidance should find an increasingly friendly atmosphere within her boundaries.
ROUND THE EARTH WITH 850 WORDS
Authors: Ogden C. K.
Published: January 2012

A new profession resulting from a new‐old language—this is the novel prospect held up to us. The new‐old language is Basic English, which, consisting of 850 words, is declared to be sufficient for ordinary use. And, as the annual increase in the number of persons speaking English is more by 1,000,000 than the number of the supporters of all the so‐called “international” languages put together, there would seem to be a good case for Basic English as the long sought world tongue. The new profession to result from its triumph is that of teachers, translators, and the like who will be called upon to render everything into Basic, from the Iliad to the latest “movie” caption. In this article the author of The System of Basic English tells all about it—and does so without using any word which is not among the Basic 850.
HOW MAY I FIND MYSELF?
Authors: Buley Roy Cherry
Published: January 2012

The author of these verses is a junior in the Central High School of Muncie, Indiana, a lad of about 18. He has been writing for five years, his lines carrying the plaintive undertone characteristic of his race. The poem here printed, however, asks a question which is troubling young folk irrespective of descent.
Grappling With the Youth Problem
Authors: Keller Franklin J.
Published: January 2012

The author of the following article spent the greater part of last summer observing the British way—or ways—of dealing with the problem —or problems—of the occupational adjustment of youth. Here is a description, analysis, and general evaluation, all in one, of the facilities and methods used in this guidance effort. There is no attempt to compare the British and American “systems,” first, because they are not truly systems, and second, because they are not properly comparable. But Dr. Keller does point out many likenesses and differences of viewpoint and approach, and discusses the significant values of the British experience for the American task. Before publication the manuscript was submitted for corrections and suggestions to most of the persons mentioned in the article and to representatives of the principal agencies to which reference is made, but the author modestly claims responsibility for the remaining errors, if any, whether of fact or of interpretation.
The Personnel Approach to Social Planning
Authors: Sublette Donald J.
Published: January 2012

All previous surveys are dwarfed into insignificance by one which culminates in a national bureau containing the story of every person in the country from birth to death! But this gigantic survey will have to wait for occupational surveys, at which we have made a beginning but only a beginning. Now, argues Mr. Sublette, is the moment for communities to make such surveys—the number of positions to be covered is at a minimum and plenty of persons are available for the task at low cost. Vocational counseling, along with every other part of the educational process, will benefit from the findings, becoming better as its basis of facts becomes broader.
Rebounds from the Target
Authors: Thorndike Edward L.
Published: January 2012

Professor Thorndike needs no introduction. Neither, it would seem, does the book called The Prediction of Vocational Success, in which he and his associates recorded the findings and conclusions of their study of that subject. It has attracted widespread attention, particularly among persons concerned with problems of educational and vocational guidance. It has drawn the fire of competent critics, which speaks rather well for it. Dr. Thorndike is the kind of scientist whose works and words carry the weight of authority, but he is also the kind of authority who can take a scientific attitude toward criticism. He calls the following rejoinder to two of the marksmen “Rebounds from the Target”—but “rebounds” is perhaps a mild term for some of his return shots. We gather, too, that in his opinion, some of the shots fired by Professor Paterson and Mr. Macrae in the October issue of Occupations were more or less in the nature of duds or fell entirely outside the mark. Be that as it may, here is Professor Thorndike to speak for himself. If he needs no introduction, he also needs no defense!
Odes To Occupations
Authors: Lewis Eleanor F.
Published: January 2012

Miss Lewis here presents the poet's way of looking at occupations—or rather, the many ways of many poets. She has made a list of 250 poems dealing wholly or in large part with particular occupations or with particular aspects of the working life. Perhaps readers of this essay and of the appended list will suggest other titles, and will express their opinion on the desirability of a published anthology.
Starting a Guidance Program
Authors: Hoppock Robert
Published: January 2012

This is the first of a series of articles on how to start a guidance program. The other contributors, like Dr. Hoppock, will each describe one way to do it, since, of course, there is more than one way.
Keeping the Record
Authors: McNamara Marie
Published: January 2012

Secretaries of the branches are requested to send reports to Miss McNamara, Troup Junior High School, Edgewood Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut, promptly after each meeting or other event.
When is a Skilled Mechanic?
Authors: Fryklund Verne C.
Published: January 2012

The wide variations of usage with regard to such terms as “skilled” and “semi‐skilled,” “operatives” and “mechanics,” lead to a great deal of confusion and not a little practical difficulty. They likewise spring from confusion. At the University of Minnesota a study has been made for the purpose of formulating standard definitions of these and other terms on the basis of functional differences among the several classes of workers. By which is meant, as Dr. Fryklund says in this report, that “one needs to know what the worker does, how he does it, and the conditions under which he does it in order to pass judgment as to his status.” After considering the various and inconsistent ways in which some of the classificatory terms are now used, he proceeds to define very carefully the ways in which they should be used in order to conform with actual conditions in industry. The study marks a long step forward in a desirable direction, and it has the special merit that the proposed standard definitions are not mere preferences but have been developed by empirical methods.
Guidance Through Doing
Authors: Brockmann L. O.
Published: January 2012

This is the story of how a city of 6000 population furnishes vocational guidance to its high school students by the tryout method. The city's businesses and industries furnish the workshop and laboratory of this enterprise. Thus there is little cost to the schools, although the undertaking is a definite part of the educational and guidance program of the school system. Other communities, handicapped by lack of funds for guidance work yet desirous of doing something effective along this line, may find stimulation and suggestion in the plan that has proved so successful in Lewistown. The author of the following report tells what Lewistown has learned by doing. It has given the tryout plan a tryout and apparently has decided to keep on with it—for reasons that are here presented.
Keeping The Record
Authors: McNamara Marie
Published: January 2012

Secretaries of the branches are requested to send reports to Miss McNamara, Troup Junior High School, Edgewood Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut, promptly after each meeting or other event.
ANTIOCH'S COOPERATIVE PLAN: How It Contributes to Occupational Adjustment
Authors: Sontag Constance G.
Published: January 2012

Antioch College and its doings have been educational news for more than a decade. In large part the Antioch Plan has been identified with the Cooperative Plan. What have been the results of the Cooperative Plan in terms of the later occupational adjustment of Antioch graduates, and how, specifically, has it contributed to satisfactory adjustment? Here are the answers as found from a recent study of graduates of the department of education.
Road Map to Careers—or to Chaos: Two Views and Reviews of a New Book on the Job Outlook
Authors: Elliott Edward C.
Published: January 2012

As President Elliott points out in one of the subjoined reviews of New Careers for Youth, Professor Pitkin is always Pitkinesque. It is doubtless something to have established a reputation that permits an adjective of recognizable meaning to be made out of one's surname. There are at least two views that may be taken of any book by Professor Pitkin, according to different opinions of Pitkinesqueness. But in the particular case of a particular book, the adjective is scarcely sufficient for purposes either of praise or of condemnation. So here are two views and reviews of New Careers. The second of these, by Mr. Cohen, is reprinted from The Nation by permission of the editors.
WHY ARE VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS?
Authors: Prosser Charles A.
Published: January 2012

Sometimes the higher criticism of vocational education overreaches itself and proves too much. Two writers in this issue of the magazine rise to the defense of the vocational schools of secondary grade, and both discuss constructively the problem of what kind of training is of most worth. Professor Paine's article, entitled “Educational Defeatism,” follows Dr. Prosser's challenge of some of the statements made by Charles A. Koepke in the special number of Occupations devoted to “Analysis of Occupations” (June 1934). The vocational schools of Minnesota—and by implication, of the rest of the country—have been weighed by Professor Koepke and found wanting. In what have they been found wanting? It is alleged that, having failed to train for the performance of specific operations in factory work, the schools themselves have failed, at least to that extent. But according to Dr. Prosser, the conclusion may rightfully be regarded as a non sequitur. Let us leave the explanation to the trenchant and able pen of this acknowledged leader in the field of vocational education.
EDUCATIONAL DEFEATISM
Authors: Paine H. W.
Published: January 2012

Professor Paine raises a protest against the attitude of those educators who say of specialized training for the skilled trades, “What's the use?” Though it is true that industrial methods and processes are rapidly changing, it does not follow that such training is useless. On the contrary, the need for intelligently organized and guided vocational programs for the preparation of skilled mechanics is greater than ever before. While these programs should be flexible, the training should not be, as some educators seem to think, for versatility rather than technical efficiency, but for technical efficiency as well as versatility. Insisting on this emphasis, Professor Paine's article is a counsel against despair—and do‐nothingness.