bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capítulo 13: Competencias gerenciales en estudiantes de Administración de Negocios de una universidad pública en Perú
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Ramírez Arellano Miguel Ángel , Medrano Osorio Gabriel Pastor ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Cárdenas Tapia Renzo ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Paredes Pérez Marco Antonio José ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Carhuaricra Amaro Frank Joffre ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Castro Huallullo Jhouly Yaquelin ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Torres Javier Sharon Jennifer ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Yarasca Vega Gian Pool ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú
Published: April 2024

El futuro profesional en diversas áreas del conocimiento requiere desarrollar una serie de competencias inherentes a su formación para desempeñarse de manera más eficiente en el ámbito laboral. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel de competencias gerenciales de los estudiantes de Administración de Negocios de la UNCP Tarma. Se aplicó una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo básico, nivel descriptivo, diseño descriptivo-simple, en una muestra probabilística de 126 estudiantes. El instrumento de competencias gerenciales fue adaptado a partir de Ferrando y Callohuanca (2020) validado según criterio de expertos con coeficiente de validez de contenido de 0,924 y nivel de confiabilidad Omega de McDonald de 0,914. Los resultados permiten indicar que el 24,6 % de los estudiantes requiere mejorar sus competencias gerenciales, el 25,4 % tiene logro adecuado, el 26,2 % alcanzó un logro suficiente y el 23,8 % desarrolló plenamente las competencias gerenciales básicas. Por tanto, se concluye que el nivel de competencias gerenciales en estudiantes de Administración de Negocios de la Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas en la provincia de Tarma es adecuado.
Capítulo 3: Gestión financiera personal en socios de agentes económicos organizados de Perú
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Ramírez Arellano Miguel Ángel , Villavicencio Arias Víctor Jorge ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Ramírez Arellano Edgard Julián ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Medrano Osorio Gabriel Pastor ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Paredes Pérez Marco Antonio José ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Aguilar Tinoco Jhordana Abigail ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Lázaro Lino Keyla Ibeth ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú
Published: April 2024

La pandemia evidenció cifras que resaltan la elevada vulnerabilidad financiera de los peruanos, es decir, su capacidad para resistir desafíos económicos calculados únicamente en sus propios recursos. Las personas suelen descuidar la gestión de sus asuntos financieros hasta que se ven atrapadas en circunstancias fuera de su control, como quedarse sin trabajo, quebrar un negocio o enfrentar una crisis de salud global como la que estamos viviendo en la actualidad. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar la gestión financiera personal en una muestra de agentes económicos organizados de la región Junín en Perú. El estudio tuvo enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico, nivel descriptivo simple y diseño no experimental. Se utilizó como instrumento una adaptación del Cuestionario de gestión de finanzas personales de Mori (2018), validado por criterio de expertos con un CVC de ,840 y confiabilidad Alpha de Cronbach de ,808. Los resultados indican que las características básicas de la gestión financiera personal en la muestra de agentes económicos organizados de la región Junín en Perú reflejan que las mujeres presentar mejor nivel de educación y por tanto de gestión financiera, asimismo el grado de instrucción no es determinante para mejorar la gestión financiera, la gestión financiera adecuada tiende a aumentar con la edad, mientras que la gestión financiera inadecuada es más común entre aquellos mayores de 45 años. Finalmente, la gestión del presupuesto personal es inadecuado al igual que el nivel de inteligencia financiera.
Capítulo 5: Propiedades del concreto con partículas de neumático reciclado: Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Remington, Julio Libia L. , Figueredo Fernando A. ,   Corporación Universitaria Remington, Tuiran Polo Oscar ,   Corporación Universitaria Remington
Published: April 2024

La utilización de desechos neumáticos de llantas como opción de reemplazo parcial o total de agregados de origen natural en la elaboración de concreto se ha estudiado desde la década del 2000. Los estudios realizados se han enfocado en la evaluación del comportamiento mecánico, dinámico y los posibles usos debidos su capacidad como aislante de sonido, disipador de energía y de vibraciones. Una revisión de literatura de investigaciones publicadas en el periodo 2010-2021, nos revela que las mezclas de concreto con partículas de neumático, variando las proporciones de reemplazo, ha generado una disminución de las propiedades mecánicas de compresión y flexión, situación que se constituye en la deficiencia más relevante registrada para este material. Sin embargo, también se ha reportado que modificaciones tales como el empleo de aditivos, material de refuerzo y tratamientos previos al residuo neumático ha generado mejoras significativas en las propiedades evaluadas.
Study of Employee Satisfaction After Improving the Product Storage System in the Warehouse of Kerry Express Co., Ltd., Rama 7 Branch
Authors: Soithong Thanittha , Thubchula Krit , Rianpreecha Chompoonut , Yimcharoenpornsakul Narongrid , Lapamonpinya Pipatphon
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims: Currently, the spread of the COVID-19 virus, as a result, the e-commerce business has grown significantly. As a result, the volume of parcels that need to be delivered in the logistics system has greatly increased. When the number of products exceeds the warehouse and increases every day, the delivery of products is delayed. and not following the period It directly affects the business, causing customers to lose confidence in using the service next time. The objectives of this research were 1) to improve the storage system and increase the efficiency of picking. Dispense goods within the warehouse, 2) gain knowledge in organizing the warehouse system.
Methodology: The research is quantitative. The Population is 130 employees of Kerry Express Co., Ltd., Rama 7 branch, in the parcel warehouse and delivering parcels to customers. The researcher uses a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The statistics used to analyze the data were descriptive statistics consisting of percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation and inferential statistics including Independent Sample t-test, One Way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The results found that; 1) Improving the storage system using the FIFO (First in First Out) theory can make the work more efficient based on questionnaire responses. The overall satisfaction in using the FIFO (First in First Out) theory was at the highest level. Considering this individually, it was found that the application of the FIFO system enabled your organization to solve the problem of delayed delivery with the highest average.2) Improving the working system using the FIFO (First in First Out) theory, allowing the work to work efficiently whether it is easier to work, work faster reduces work problems, and no residual product. As a result, the efficiency of goods issued within the warehouse is more efficient.
Conclusion: By using the FIFO (First in First Out) theory, that is, the goods that come in first will be exported first. Therefore, the problem of residual products in the warehouse is reduced. and can work faster.
Evaluation of Palliative Care Needs of Advanced Stage Cancer Patients Admitting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Ayar Ezgi , Uğur Özlem
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the palliative care needs of advanced stage cancer patients who applied to the emergency department.

Material and Method: The research is descriptive and was conducted with 159 patients who met the selection criteria in the emergency departments of three public hospitals in Istanbul. The data for the study was collected using three tools: the Patient Information Questionnaire Form, the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), and the Quality of Life in Palliative Cancer Care Patients (EORTC-QLQ C15-PAL) Scale.

Results: Patients frequently applied to the emergency department for pain (31.7%), dyspnea (16.2%), and nausea- vomiting (15.8%). In general, consultation was requested from 88.7% of the patients, and the most frequently consulted clinics were 49.8% internal medicine, 25.1% anaesthesia, 6.5% surgery and 6% chest diseases. The patients' emergency service visits resulted in 38.4% clinical admission, 32.1% discharge, 23.3% intensive care unit and 6.3% exitus. 67.2% of the patients had a PPS score of 70 or less. The patients' follow-up time in the emergency department was also determined to be a minimum of half an hour, a maximum of 5 hours, and an average of 1.9±1.2 hours.

Conclusion: The study found that 93% of the patients did not receive palliative care support. Considering this basis, it can be recommended to provide the necessary guidance for cancer patients who apply to emergency departments to receive palliative care support and to structure this step within the health system. Such a structure may contribute to the diagnosis of patients who need palliative care support.
Management of incidental pulmonary nodules in CT examination
Authors: Arshad Arman , Saghir Zaigham , Borg Morten , Juul Amanda Dandanell , Harders Stefan Markus Walbom
Published: April 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in Denmark and the world. The increase in CT examinations has led to an increase in detection of pulmonary nodules divided into solid and subsolid (including ground glass and part solid). Risk factors for malignancy include age, smoking, female gender, and specific ethnicities. Nodule traits like size, spiculation, upper-lobe location, and emphysema correlate with higher malignancy risk. Managing these potentially malignant nodules relies on evidence-based guidelines and risk stratification. These risk stratification models can standardize the approach for the management of incidental pulmonary findings, as argued in this review.
Pleural disease
Authors: Fjællegaard Katrine , Petersen Jesper Koefod , Jensen Casper , Rasmussen Daniel Bech , Skaarup Søren Helbo , Laursen Christian B , Bødtger Uffe
Published: April 2024

The incidence of pleural disease is increasing and the mortality and morbidity is high. Many recent RCTs have resulted in evidence-based guidelines published in 2023, pointing towards a more individualized and specialized management. Most patients with pleural disease are admitted at the A & E but can be managed in outpatient clinics. Thus, there is a need to establish specialized, multidisciplinary pleural clinics to ensure optimal, individualized and evidence-based management of the increasing number of patients with pleural disease in Denmark, as argued in this review.
Inflection of Beating Transformation by Routing Point on Vitreous Chamber
Authors: Kim Jeong-Lae , Kang Eun-Young , Lim Yun-Sik , Park Jong-Youel , Hwang Sung-Ho , Kang Jeong-Jin
Published: April 2024

Moist skin on the wild surface is a roll alteration that transports droplets like a superconductor in a single or multi-layer multi-block module. Coruscating-individualization realization level (CIRL) within the skin used a technique of messaging with a roll realization level function in the stiff swell-repercussion status and mixing with pulse changes. In the swell-repercussion status, the roll messaging function within the skin was calculated as the roll value found as a peel-stick-wall-dot by the superstructure being observed. The roll repercussion function shown in the dermis layer consisted of an alteration signal as a realization level based on the coruscating-individualization level, and was measured using the technical concept of pulse change of the diffusion repercussion function and converted to the value of CIRL by the maximum average. The degree of pulse change was expressed as the degree of water distribution within the skin, and a value was formed according to the realization level of the repercussion function. In Ro-RG-FA-ΦMAX-MIN, the roll far alteration value due to roll peel-stick-wall-dot repercussion was shown as 19.77±4.36 units. In roll convenient alteration value, Ro-RG-CO-ΦMAX-MIN was found to be 6.68±1.33. In roll flank alteration value, Ro-RG-RO-ΦMAX-MIN was found to be 1.64±0.01 units. In roll vicinage alteration value, Ro-RG-VI-ΦMAX-MIN was found to be 0.42±0.15 units.  In the dermis layer, swell repercussion by CIRL is evaluated by the degree of peel-stick-wall-dot diffusion function shown at the roll realization level of porous matter, and the dermis layer shown at the messaging level system is expressed as a differentiated function and can be used. You can. The function of the porous in the dermis layer is a concept that suppresses differential signals in diffusion realizationl systems and could be utilized as a promising key tool to utilize the data from a nanotechnology perspective and for basic applications for analyzing surfaces.
Die Dakryozystographie (DZG) zur Diagnostik bei Epiphora
Authors: Bornstein Michael M. , Tschopp Markus , Imesch Manfred , Goldblum David
Published: April 2024

Dacryocystography is a radiological procedure for the examination and localisation of obstructions of the lacrimal ducts, the findings of which are decisive for the choice between conservative or invasive surgical measures and thus for treatment planning.
Impact of Indira Sagar Dam in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh on the Floristic Wealth
Authors: Tarakeswara Naidu M
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of Indira Sagar dam on floral resources in Eastern Ghats region of India, using a primary data base on floristic diversity. During the floristic surveys, 245 species belonging to 204 genera under 81 families were recorded. The dominant family was Euphorbiaceae with 15 species and Cassia was the largest genus. Several species may face more pressure from exploitation as they provide a number of useful products of the project area. To compensate for the loss of various goods and services provided by the forests falling in the submergence area and to decrease pressure of the affected families on the forests, a biodiversity management plan is suggested in the light of prevailing socio-economic conditions.
Effectiveness of Synchronous Online Learning Compared to Face-to-Face Learning Among Higher Education Students in Cambodia during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   CamEd Business School, Cambodia, Barnett Casey , Yem Bunthorn ,   CamEd Business School, Cambodia
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION The International Monetary Fund reported that global gross domestic product (GDP) contracted by 3.5 percent in 2020 compared to positive growth of 2.8 percent in 2019 (International Monetary Fund [IMF], 2021). This economic loss means more people will suffer the effects of poverty. The economic loss is largely due to COVID and its effects which include safety measures such as restrictions on gatherings and movement. One safety measure implemented by countries has been the prohibition of face-to-face learning in schools. However, the closure of schools may have ongoing negative economic consequences for years to come. A study by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) estimates that “due to lost productivity, one year of lost primary and secondary school learning will result in an economic loss equivalent to 202 percent of future GDP” (Hanushek & Woessmann, 2020, p. 9). Empirical studies are showing that learning loss arising from school shutdowns is proportional to the duration of the shutdown. For example, a study of national exam results for approximately 350,000 students in the Netherlands found that an 8-week shutdown resulted in a learning loss equivalent to the same period of the shutdown (Engzell et al., 2021).
Recognising clinical signs and symptoms on black, asian and minority ethnic (BAME) skin types
Authors: Ferdinand Joshua
Published: April 2024

Despite its crucial role in diagnosis, accurately recognising clinical signs and symptoms across diverse skin types remains a significant challenge in healthcare. This article addresses this critical gap in clinical practice and medical education, focusing on the challenges of identifying and understanding skin conditions on Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) skin tones.
Comparing the frequency of reported wildlife strikes by region in the United States
Authors: Ferra Gabriella , Alghamdi Hamzah , Wheeler Brooke , Li Tianhua
Published: April 2024

Wildlife strikes are a threat to the safety of flight and a financial burden to aircraft operators. Although wildlife strikes are an unavoidable hazard in aviation, they can be mitigated through various methods, including airport wildlife management plans, deterring animal inhabitance around airports, and a national reporting system to bring awareness to the issue. This ex-post-facto research determined the difference in frequency of wildlife strikes at non-military class B airports in the contiguous United States by geographical region. Regions were defined as follows: (1) the Pacific coast, (2) the western mountainous areas and Texas, (3) the Midwest, (4) the Southeast, and (5) the Northeast. A total of 27,036 reports ranging from 1/1/2015 to 12/31/2019 were collected from the publicly available Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) database. The data analysis of regions showed that Region 2 had the greatest frequency of wildlife strikes, while Region 1 had the least frequency of strikes. Moreover, a between-subjects ANOVA suggested that there was a significant difference in the frequency of strikes between regions in the contiguous US. The airports in Region 1 underwent significantly fewer wildlife strikes than those in Regions 2, 3, and 4. Region 2 also had a significantly greater frequency of strikes than Region 5.
Leadership styles and Lean Six Sigma effectiveness within the aerospace and defense manufacturing industry
Authors: Gellis Corey , Elshennawy Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The aerospace and defense (A&D) industry has shifted into a globally competitive market that is prioritizing innovative advancements in technological capabilities. Corporations are now having to further develop customer-focused strategies grounded in adding value while reducing costs. Large corporations often embrace continuous improvement methodologies, such as Lean Six Sigma (LSS), to execute these strategies. Though numerous benefits for continuous improvement programs have been realized, there are several factors that contribute to whether it will be successful or not. The type of leadership styles found within organizations heavily influence the outcomes of implementing the LSS methodology. This paper aims to provide a literature review summary of leadership styles and LSS within the A&D manufacturing industry.
Cost-effective attendance management system using cloud computing and face recognition
Authors: Huan Xiaoli , Zhou Hong
Published: April 2024

Attendance systems are essential for all institutions, including business and educational organizations. Time tracking ensures that all team members correctly report their presence of participation and time spent on work. The resulting data can be transferred and imported into payroll or grading systems. However, maintaining the attendance records is a demanding task for the administrators due to its time-consuming efforts and resources. In this paper, a cost-effective attendance management system using cloud computing and face recognition technology is introduced. The described attendance system is straightforward to implement and generates accurate recognition results and timestamps saved in CSV records without requiring any bulk program installation.
Studying the properties of polymeric composites of metal hydrides and carbon particles for hydrogen storage
Authors: Desai Fenil J. , Uddin M. Nizam , Rahman Muhammad M. , Asmatulu Ramazan
Published: April 2024

Metal hydrides are promising hydrogen storage materials widely studied and accepted by many authorities, but still, it has not reached the set goal. In this work, polymer-based carbon particles along with metal hydride materials are proposed as a storage medium for hydrogen. Metal hydride particles were integrated into a polymeric matrix with carbon particles to improve the thermal stability and hydrogen storage capacity. Some physical properties, morphological effects, and thermal conductivity values of the polymeric composite were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test results indicated that metal hydrides and carbon particles were well integrated into the polymeric structure, which could drastically affect the hydrogen storage capacity of the polymeric composites for applications in the transportation industry.
Challenges to the implementation of lean practices in higher education: Is the culture in higher education conducive to adoption of lean principles and philosophy?
Authors: Kluse Christopher , Shannon Chris J.
Published: April 2024

Lean in higher education, often abbreviated as LHE, has grown in interest over the past 20 years. The application of lean principles has been observed in higher education institutions throughout the world. Many researchers have investigated both the success and the failure of lean in higher education. Although lean originated in the automotive industry, and both the automotive industry and higher education report success and failure, there is no comparison of the factors between these groups. Culture is cited quite frequently in the literature as a barrier to success. Thus, there is a need for investigation into the cultural differences between higher education and the automotive industry as they relate to lean. This paper uses Schein's three elements of culture to evaluate the differences in culture between higher education and the automotive industry. It concludes with recommendations on how to best deploy the practices of lean in higher education given the cultural differences and challenges between the two sectors.
Computer applications: A novel architecture to improve the performance of audio visual applications
Authors: Asaduzzaman Abu , Chidella Kishore K. , Sibai Fadi N.
Published: April 2024

To attain the best audio-visual experience, the underlying computing platform should provide high performance in real time. The forthcoming computer systems consist of multicore processors to achieve a high performance-to-power ratio. The algorithms in visual computing are becoming highly complex to meet the requirements. According to the new design paradigm, a simultaneous exploration of multicore architecture and complicated algorithms is beneficial to achieve the design goals for visual systems. However, caches in multicore architecture multiply the timing unpredictability and that creates a serious challenge in running real-time audio/visual applications in multicore systems. In this work, we introduce a novel multicore architecture with miss tables inside level-1 caches to improve performance and decrease power consumption. Miss table holds block address information regarding the application being processed that causes cache misses. Miss table information is used for efficient selection of the blocks to be locked or victim blocks to be replaced. This approach improves predictability by locking important blocks inside the cache during the execution time. At the same time, this approach decreases average delay per task and total power consumption by reducing cache misses when the right cache blocks are locked and/or replaced. We simulate an 8-core architecture that has 2 levels of caches using the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)-4 decoding and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) workloads. Simulation results show that a reduction of 42% in mean delay per task and a reduction of 40% in total power consumption are achieved by locking 20% of the total level-1 instruction (I1) cache size.
Large scale analytics for workload segmentation
Authors: Hu Bing , Mason Nicholas
Published: April 2024

As the complexity and size of workload landscapes continue to evolve, traditional tools that are useful for characterizing workloads have gradually become inadequate. Approaches such as scaling studies or isolated analyses of a single workload are gradually becoming insufficient to understand the broad state of the workload universe. To address this problem, we follow a machine learning methodology to leverage large numbers of workload experiments that already exist on Intel. We advanced a workload analysis platform that stores, manages, and facilitates the analysis of workload information using two big data analysis software tools, a top-down workload decision classifier and a workload universe mapping tool, to characterize large-scale workloads. Both analysis tools present a novel way to look at workload data from a higher level and consider these new characteristics at the workload segmentation level. We seek to achieve this goal in alignment with the strategic goals of developing new benchmarks, informing market sizing, and detecting emerging workloads.
A framework to define and quantify leadership styles within Navy engineering units
Authors: Praschak Megan
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for the U.S. Navy's leadership styles by assessing self-perceived leadership styles in a sample of reserve Engineering Duty Officers (EDOs) and the Senior Enlisted Leaders (SELs) in these technical units. Transformational and transactional leadership styles were examined using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) Form (Avolio & Bass, 2004), while the servant leadership style was examined using the Servant Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SLSQ) (Sandling, 2021). The effect of rank and the triad leadership position had on leadership style was explored in this study. The survey was made available to all EDOs and SELs (n = 525). A total of 84 surveys were completed (a 16% return rate). Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in servant leadership between SELs and junior officers. When broken down into the factors of servant leadership this difference was seen in the conceptual skills and putting followers first factors. No statistical differences were seen across leadership triad positions, or between any other ranks for any other leadership style. The findings are discussed for their implications for leadership development in the U.S. Navy.
Perhitungan energi keadaan dasar ion Be2+ dan B3+ dengan menggunakan Teori Gangguan dan Metode Variasional
Authors: Tadaga Ramli , Syahputra Dirman , Al Rasyid M. Harun , Ramdani Ridwan
Published: April 2024

Penentuan sifat-sifat ion Be2+ dan B3+ khususnya yang terkait dengan energi keadaan dasar dapat dipelajari dengan menggunakan berbagai metode, di antaranya Teori Gangguan dan Metode Variasional. Dalam metode ini, energi keadaan dasar elektron dari ion Be2+ dan B3+ dihitung dengan menggunakan fungsi gelombang atom Hidrogen. Proses optimasi dilakukan secara analitik dan komputasi (menggunakan metode Nelder-Mead yang ditulis dalam Fortan). Dengan menggunakan Teori Gangguan, energi keadaan dasar yang diperoleh adalah -367,354 eV untuk ion Be2+ dan -595,249 eV untuk B3+, di mana besar deviasinya adalah 1,147% untuk Be2+ dan 0,726% untuk B3+. Selain itu, dengan menggunakan Metode Variasional, nilai energi dasar untuk ion Be2+ dan B3+ adalah -370,011 eV dan -570,695 eV, di mana nilai ini terpaut masing-masing 0,432% dan 4,821% dari energi eksperimen. Dari hasil ini terlihat bahwa nilai energi keadan dasar yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan Metode Variasional lebih dekat dengan hasil eksperimen dibandingkan dengan Teori Gangguan. Oleh karena itu, Metode Variasional sangat berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam mempelajari sifat-sifat keadaan dasar atomik. Selain itu juga metode Nelder-Mead yang digunakan memiliki kapabilitas yang bagus dalam mengoptimalisasikan persamaan untuk memperoleh nilai parameter dalam menjelaskan energi keadaan dasar dari ion Be2+ dan B3+.
Legal Dogmatic Questions about the Impact of the European Union’s Digital Legislation on Hungarian Contract Law
Authors:   University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary, Papp Tekla
Published: April 2024

The complexity and flexibility of contract law, and its ability to meet various social, economic and technical-technological needs, are indicated by a number of theories (approaches) that offer a new approach to the processing of contracts. Among the predominant theories one might include the following: overview of contracts from a constitutional and human rights approach2; deriving from this the contracts related to private and family life (intimate contracts)3; by connecting the concepts of contract law and property rights, exploring the specific characteristics of existing contracts4; filling the term "digital contract type" with content5; classification of different kinds of interconnection of contracts (complex contracts).6 The author dedicates the study to the topic of whether Hungarian contract law can meet the challenges created by digitalization, which have not yet been identified in all its details, and what are the critical points that require consideration and action as soon as possible. After the summary of the digital legislation of the European Union the author identifies the effects of digitalization in relation to the Hungarian contract law and the special contracts resulting from digitalization. Finally, the author makes de lege lata and de lege ferenda conclusions in light of this topic.
The Legal Framework for Assisting Displaced Persons from Ukraine in Meeting Their Housing Needs in Poland Introduced by the Act of March 12, 2022 on Assistance to Citizens of Ukraine in Connection with the Armed Conflict in the Territory of That State
Authors:   Department of Civil Law, Institute of Legal Sciences, Faculty of Law, Canon Law and Administration, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland, Widerski Paweł
Published: April 2024

The article presents the issue of assistance to displaced persons from Ukraine in meeting their housing needs in Poland, which is provided on the basis of a special act dated March 12, 2022 regarding assistance to citizens of Ukraine in connection with the armed conflict in the territory of that state. The aim of the article is to discuss this specific legal regulation with subsequent assessment of its effectiveness in meeting the housing needs of displaced Ukrainians who settled in Poland due to the armed conflict in their country. Logical-linguistic and comparative legal methods are used herein. The right to housing as part of the human rights system is discussed in the beginning, and then individual solutions for meeting housing needs introduced by the special aid act are reflected on. Finally, the conclusions from the analysis are formulated, on the basis of which it should be concluded that the introduced solutions should be assessed positively. The clearest proof of their effectiveness is the lack of camps for Ukrainian refugees in Poland. The efficiency of the solutions results primarily from the skillful combination of two pillars of assistance, i.e. the public and private sectors.
Standards of Disciplinary Conduct for the Corporate Directors: Perspective of the United States of America
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Mediterranean University of Albania, Aliaj Erjola , Tiri Edvana ,   Faculty of Law, “Aleksader Moisiu” University, Albania
Published: April 2024

Administration of corporate activity is the daily preoccupation of corporate directors. Delegation of decision-making to the director, who is an independent player within the company, can clearly create the risk of conflicting his interests with the interests of the shareholders. This potential conflict of interests is a consequence of the division of ownership of the company and the control powers of the company's commercial activity. The delegation of decision-making authority to the directors of the company may cause the risk of the temptation of the director to the assets of the company. In addition, directors may also be tempted by opportunities for profit that arise during the exercise of their function, instead of using these opportunities for the company. For this reason, it is necessary to foresee clear disciplinary parameters, to avoid and eliminate the conflict of interest, as well as the prohibition of competition. In the present paper, through a legal assessment, special attention has been paid to the main categories of standards: elimination of conflict of interest and prohibition of competition. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the US doctrine, legal provisions, which regulate the two standards of disciplinary conduct for the corporate directors, as well as the court practice in this regard. Also, an important objective of this paper is that it may serve as an important basis for further comparative studies in this field with other jurisdictions. Such analysis is based on the qualitative method, which contains also the research, analytical, descriptive, interpretive methods. The result of this paper will stimulate debate in the academic level and contribute to further improvements of our company legislation, as well to the legal doctrine in Albania that lacks such.
Probing a Dark Decade1
Authors: Russell Bill
Published: April 2024

At the end of the Second World War, the Indian Affairs Branch (IAB) launched a significant administrative renovation. As a result, during the first post-war decade, it introduced a number of notable changes in the manner in which records were managed both at headquarters in Ottawa and in the wide network of field offices. These achievements are documented in the archival record available today at Library and Archives Canada (LAC). What is less well understood is the records management environment out of which these changes emerged. This study describes aspects of the challenges that faced the IAB’s records staff during the later years of the Great Depression and those of the Second World War. Its centrepiece is a file that provides a chronicle, in the form of monthly reports, of recordkeeping in the headquarters central registry office of the Indian Affairs Branch during the years 1937–1947. This record shines additional light on the information management activities of the branch during a particularly difficult decade in the administration’s history.
The Cast in the context of Martin Scorsese's directorial style
Authors: Shumov Maksim Vladimirovich
Published: April 2024

Full-length and short independent feature films directed by Martin Scorsese are considered as the research material. The object of the study is the main elements of Martin Scorsese's directorial style. Throughout his creative career, the director under study, without fear, operates with numerous artistic techniques that today form the directorial style – broadcasting Christian motifs, cruelty combined with the beauty of the criminal world, eyes as an element of the hero's soul, using a mirror in the context of reflecting the other world of the character, narration through dreams and fantasies, as well as an abundance of editing solutions. The main attention is paid to the cast in the director's filmography, which correlates with the subject of this study. In this article, the author analyzed 33 films of the director that fall under the conditions of the study. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the works of domestic and foreign theorists and practitioners of cinematography, as well as film encyclopedias and film textbooks of the academic level. According to the results of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the director is committed to a permanent cast in his films. More than others, Martin Scorsese stars such actors as Robert De Niro, Catherine Scorsese, Charles Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio. The director puts himself at the top of this list. 430 actors took part in all the films studied, who appear in the director's filmography at least twice. In the films The Irishman (2019), The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), Goodfellas (1990), and Casino (1995) starred the largest number of recurring actors in the director's work. Also, in the course of our research, we found that the director in most of his films prefers to shoot not only himself, but also members of his family.
Imputation of 3D genome structure by genetic-epigenetic interaction modeling in mice
Authors: Kuffler Lauren , Skelly Daniel A. , Czechanski Anne , Fortin Haley J. , Munger Steven C. , Baker Christopher L. , Reinholdt Laura G. , Carter Gregory W.
Published: April 2024

Gene expression is known to be affected by interactions between local genetic variation and DNA accessibility, with the latter organized into three-dimensional chromatin structures.Analyses of these interactions has previously been limited, obscuring their regulatory context, and the extent to which they occur throughout the genome. Here we undertake a genome-scale analysis of these interactions in a genetically diverse population to systematically identify global genetic-epigenetic interaction, and reveal constraints imposed by chromatin structure. We establish the extent and structure of genotype-by-epigenotype interaction using embryonic stem cells derived from Diversity Outbred mice. This mouse population segregates millions of variants from eight inbred founders, enabling precision genetic mapping with extensive genotypic and phenotypic diversity. With 176 samples profiled for genotype, gene expression, and open chromatin, we used regression modeling to infer genetic-epigenetic interactions on a genome-wide scale. Our results demonstrate that statistical interactions between genetic variants and chromatin accessibility are common throughout the genome. We found that these interactions occur within the local area of the affected gene, and that this locality corresponds to topologically associated domains (TADs). The likelihood of interaction was most strongly defined by the three-dimensional (3D) domain structure rather than linear DNA sequence. We show that stable 3D genome structure is an effective tool to guide searches for regulatory elements and, conversely, that regulatory elements in genetically diverse populations provide a means to infer 3D genome structure. We confirmed this finding with CTCF ChIP-seq that revealed strain-specific binding in the inbred founder mice. In stem cells, open chromatin participating in the most significant regression models demonstrated an enrichment for developmental genes and the TAD-forming CTCF binding complex, providing an opportunity for statistical inference of shifting TAD boundaries operating during early development. These findings provide evidence that genetic and epigenetic factors operate within the context of three- dimensional chromatin structure.
Molecular mechanism of complement inhibition by the trypanosome receptor ISG65
Authors: Cook Alexander D. , Carrington Mark , Higgins Matthew K.
Published: April 2024

African trypanosomes replicate within infected mammals where they are exposed to the complement system. This system centres around complement C3, which is present in a soluble form in serum but becomes covalently deposited onto the surfaces of pathogens after proteolytic cleavage to C3b. Membrane-associated C3b triggers different complement-mediated effectors which promote pathogen clearance. To counter complement-mediated clearance, African trypanosomes have a cell surface receptor, ISG65, which binds to C3b and which decreases the rate of trypanosome clearance in an infection model. However, the mechanism by which ISG65 reduces C3b function has not been determined. We reveal through cryogenic electron microscopy that ISG65 has two distinct binding sites for C3b, only one of which is available in C3 and C3d. We show that ISG65 does not block the formation of C3b or the function of the C3 convertase which catalyses the surface deposition of C3b. However, we show that ISG65 forms a specific conjugate with C3b, perhaps acting as a decoy. ISG65 also occludes the binding sites for complement receptors 2 and 3, which may disrupt recruitment of immune cells, including B cells, phagocytes and granulocytes. This suggests that ISG65 protects trypanosomes by combining multiple approaches to dampen the complement cascade.A structure derived from cryogenic electron microscopy shows how ISG65, an African trypanosome receptor that aids virulence, binds C3b and suggests mechanisms through which ISG65 might aid complement resistance.
Elevated glycolytic metabolism of monocytes limits the generation of HIF-1α-driven migratory dendritic cells in tuberculosis
Authors: Maio Mariano , Barros Joaquina , Joly Marine , Vahlas Zoi , Marín Franco José Luis , Genoula Melanie , Monard Sarah , Vecchione María Belén , Fuentes Federico , Gonzalez Polo Virginia , Quiroga María Florencia , Vermeulen Mónica , Vu Manh Thien-Phong , Argüello Rafael J , Inwentarz Sandra , Musella Rosa , Ciallella Lorena , González Montaner Pablo , Palmero Domingo , Lugo Villarino Geanncarlo , Sasiain María del Carmen , Neyrolles Olivier , Verollet Christel , Balboa Luciana
Published: April 2024

During tuberculosis, migration of dendritic cells (DCs) from the site of infection to the draining lymph nodes is known to be impaired, hindering the rapid development of protective T-cell mediated immunity. However, the mechanisms involved in the delayed migration of DCs during TB are still poorly defined. Here, we found that infection of DCs with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
triggers HIF-1α-mediated aerobic glycolysis in a TLR2-dependent manner, and that this metabolic profile is essential for DC migration. In particular, the glycolysis inhibitor oxamate and the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 abrogated
M. tuberculosis
-induced DC migration
in vitro
to the lymphoid tissue-specific chemokine CCL21, and
in vivo
to lymph nodes in mice. Strikingly, we found that although monocytes from TB patients are inherently biased toward glycolysis metabolism, they differentiate into poorly glycolytic and poorly migratory DCs, compared with healthy subjects. Taken together, these data suggest that because of their preexisting glycolytic state, circulating monocytes from TB patients are refractory to differentiation into migratory DCs, which may explain the delayed migration of these cells during the disease and opens avenues for host-directed therapies for TB.
ImmCellTyper: an integrated computational pipeline for systematic mining of Mass Cytometry data to assist deep immune profiling
Authors: Sun Jing , Choy Desmond , Sompairac Nicolas , Jamshidi Shirin , Mishto Michele , Kordasti Shahram
Published: April 2024

Mass cytometry, also known as Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), is a cutting-edge high-dimensional technology for profiling marker expression at the single-cell level. This technology significantly advances clinical research in immune monitoring and the interrogation of immune cell populations. Nevertheless, the vast amount of data generated by CyTOF poses a daunting challenge for analysis. To address this, we describe ImmCellTyper (https://github.com/JingAnyaSun/ImmCellTyper), a novel and robust toolkit designed for CyTOF data analysis. The analytical framework incorporates an in-house developed semi-supervised clustering tool named BinaryClust, which first characterises main cell lineages, followed by in-depth interrogation for population of interest using unsupervised methods. BinaryClust was benchmarked with existing clustering tools and demonstrated superior accuracy and speed across two datasets comprising around 4 million cells, performing as good as manual gating by human experts. Furthermore, this computational pipeline provides a variety of visualization and analytical tools spanning from quality control to differential analysis, which can be tailored to user’s specific needs, aiming to provide a one-stop solution for CyTOF data analysis. The general workflow consists of five key steps: 1) Batch effect evaluation and correction, 2) Data quality control and pre-processing, 3) Main cell lineage characterisation and quantification, 4) Extraction and in-depth investigation of cell type of interest; 5) Differential analysis of cell abundance and functional marker expression (supporting multiple study groups). Overall, ImmCellTyper integrates expert’s biological knowledge in a semi-supervised fashion to accurately deconvolute well-defined main cell lineages, while also preserving the potential of unsupervised approaches to discover novel cell subsets and providing a user-friendly toolset to remove the analytical barrier for high-dimensional immune profiling.
Circadian regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium response in mouse cultured astrocytes
Authors: Ryu Ji Eun , Shim Kyu-Won , Roh Hyun Woong , Park Minsung , Lee Jae-Hyung , Kim Eun Young
Published: April 2024

The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system orchestrates 24-hour rhythms in physiology and behavior by governing rhythmic transcription within cells. Astrocyte, the most abundant glial cell type, play crucial roles in central nervous system functions. However, a detailed understanding of how the circadian clock impacts functions of astrocyte remains largely unexplored. In this study, utilizing circadian clock-synchronized mouse cultured cortical astrocytes and RNA sequencing, we identified 412 circadian rhythmic transcripts with a distinct astrocyte-specific expression pattern. A Gene Ontology analysis of these rhythmic transcripts highlighted genes implicated in Ca
2+
homeostasis as being under circadian control. Notably, Herpud1 (Herp) exhibited robust circadian rhythmicity at both mRNA and protein levels, a rhythm disrupted in astrocytes lacking the circadian transcription factor, BMAL1. HERP regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca
2+
release by modulating the degradation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITPRs). Intriguingly, ATP-stimulated ER Ca
2+
release varied with the circadian cycle, being more pronounced at subjective night, likely owing to the rhythmic expression of ITPR2. Furthermore, this rhythmic ER Ca
2+
response led to day/night variations in the phosphorylation of Cx43 (Ser368) and the gap junctional communication. Given the role of gap junction channel (GJC) in propagating Ca
2+
signals, we suggest that this circadian regulation of ER Ca
2+
responses could markedly affect astrocytic modulation of synaptic activity according to the time of day. Overall, our study enhances the understanding of how circadian clock influences astrocyte function in the CNS, shedding light on their potential role in daily variations of brain activity and health.