bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do words matter?: Using inquiry and the politics of naming to promote critical global citizenship education
Authors: Johnson Aaron Paul , Hamblin Taylor
Published: April 2022

Purpose

US president Donald J. Trump has referred to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as the “Chinese” virus. Trump's choice of terms (i.e. naming) provides an illustrative entry point concerning the politics of naming and how analysis of language used within historical and political contexts can be used to engage students with global education principles.

Design/methodology/approach

This work aims to extend Hanvey's (1976) notion of perspective consciousness to include critical elements (e.g. Andreotti, 2014) that aim to uncover power structures that ultimately shape worldviews and manifest in communicative signs/signals (e.g. language). Utilizing Dewey's invocation of language as the “tool of tools,” the authors provide a series of three classroom-ready inquiries that serve to foster critical global citizenship education.

Findings

Three classroom-ready inquiries informed by the inquiry design model are presented along with resources needed to teach them.

Originality/value

Research has suggested the concept “global” is understood by much of the world as an instrument of US hegemony that commonly normalizes Western supremacy myths (see Andreotti, 2014; Myers, 2006). Running parallel with these concerns are research findings that suggest practitioner avoidance of global citizenship education (see Cogan and Grossman, 2009; Merryfield and Kasai, 2010; Zong, 2009). With these concerns in mind, this work provides teachers with accessible tools that promote critical notions of global citizenship education in the classroom.
“Hi! How can I help you today?”: investigating the quality of chatbots–millennials relationship within the fashion industry
Authors: Murtarelli Grazia , Collina Carolina , Romenti Stefania
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Chatbots represent one of the most relevant trends within the communication settings and the management of relationships with consumers. New generations, such as millennials are favourable to interact with chatbots instead of human service assistants as they recognise the benefit linked to the technological advancements. Based on these premises, the paper intends to investigate what are the main factors affecting the quality of millennials–chatbots relationships and the new generations’ attitude and intention of using them within a specific industry such as the fashion one.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to achieve the aim, an online survey based on Likert-scale items from previous research has been implemented to test developed hypotheses. Construct reliability and discriminant validity of the hypothetical research model has been tested. Additionally, a partial least square analysis technique has been used with a bootstrapping technique for evaluating the significance level of path analysis.

Findings

A total of 191 responses have been collected. Most of millennials have familiarity with the concept of chatbot (52.4%). Perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) of chatbots positively influence the attitude towards using them by millennials. Attitude towards using chatbots positively influence the behavioural intention to use chatbots. Finally, also perceived trust and perceived risk affect the behavioural intention to use chatbots.

Research limitations/implications

This study enriches the stream of research focused on investigating the acceptance of new technologies and their use for the development of high-quality relationships with customers. This study presents some limitations: the research model has been tested by using a convenient sample; then the study has been tailored for investigating millennials' perceptions in a specific industry; finally, the study focused on relational variables as determinants of using chatbots.

Practical implications

This study provides professionals operating in the fashion industry with practical and managerial insights relating to the perceptions collected among a precise customer cluster represented by millennials.

Originality/value

The paper investigates millennials' perceptions about chatbots within a specific industry related to the fashion system. Additionally, the paper explores at what extent relational variables such as trust and risk could affect the quality of millennials–chatbots relationship.
The power of unbiased phenotypic screens – cellulose as a first receptor for the Schitoviridae phage S6 of Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Römling Ute
Published: April 2022

Bacteriophages, host‐dependent replicative non‐cellular entities which significantly shape the microbial genomes and consequently physiological and ecological properties of the microbial populations are exploited to restrict plant, animal and human pathogens. Unravelling of phage characteristics aids the understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of phage infections which can subsequently lead to the development of rationalized strategies to combat microbial pathogens. In an unbiased screen to investigate the molecular basis of infectivity of the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora by the lytic Schitoviridae phage S6, the biofilm extracellular matrix component cellulose has been identified as a cyclic di‐GMP dependent first receptor required for infection with the phage to possess beta‐1,4‐glucosidases to degrade the exopolysaccharide. This absolute receptor dependency allows maintenance of a phage‐microbe equilibrium with a low bacterial density.
URBAN WATERLINES: Socio‐natural Productions of Indifference in an Indian City
Authors: Coelho Karen
Published: April 2022

How is water engaged in, or mobilized for, the production of social difference and indifference? This article proposes the rubric of ‘urban waterlines’ to examine the political agency of various urban waters in inscribing categories of personhood and effects of discrimination. Waterlines are conceived as material (socio‐technical and historical) formations that set out to channel, contain or accelerate water, but are ultimately effected by pushbacks, overflows and outbreaks, or the subsidence and vanishing of water. They are dialectically assembled by the workings of water in two registers: first, as a variable form shaped by historically shifting valorizations of water as resource, factor of production, object of consumption, aesthetic feature, or waste; and second, as a relatively autonomous natural element that resists or exceeds these shapings. The article discusses three kinds of urban waterlines—boundaries, flows and infrastructures—using case studies from Chennai to illustrate how each is assembled through socio‐natural, technological and discursive operations and works to dispossess or disadvantage specific people and places. It brings Urban Political Ecology's analyses of water forms as historically crafted socio‐natural assemblages into conversation with anthropological scholarship on how indifference is produced through the everyday workings of the state.
Ethical issues, family systems and analytical training
Authors: Boechat Paula Pantoja
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a relationship between family problems and the issues of an analytical training group from the point of view of systems theory and analytical psychology. It also explores some ethical problems that are common to families and to training groups.
Healthy narcissism and individuation – clinical, cultural and political manifestations
Authors: West Marcus
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the healthy narcissism related to self‐expression and looks at how this is frequently pathologized and split‐off, with problematic consequences for the individual and for culture. This is explored through Yeats’ poem, ‘The Second Coming’, as are other personal, cultural and clinical manifestations, with a split evident between those who advocate self‐denial and those who are ‘full of passionate intensity’ and seen as narcissistic. The paper argues that the process of individuation requires us to embrace a multiplicity of self‐states, and thus a broadening of ego‐identifications, including states of vulnerability, self‐denial, self‐centredness, murderousness and power, in contrast to the unworkable unitary identifications of previous eras, where such states were projected onto scapegoat groups in, for example, racism. The neurobiological underpinnings of the core self are outlined which, the paper argues, help us better understand and accept the broad range of narcissistic phenomena. Embracing guilt, out of care and concern as described by Loewald (1979), and thus addressing states of both passive and active blindness to the other, allows us to put a ‘human head on the lion’s body’, described in Yeats’ poem. Some clinical manifestations and dynamics are also outlined.
Individual analysis: a failure or a shared experience of social justice
Authors: Fogarty Harry Wells
Published: April 2022

The process of Jungian analysis is reviewed and considered as inexorably intertwined with our lives in society and with aspects of our social interactions that long for interpersonal and restorative justice. Various models are reviewed, including Fanon, Gambini, Kimbles, Levine, Saban – each with an eye toward Jung’s injunction that we must move beyond ‘knowledge’ toward ‘eating and digesting’, thereby metabolizing and shifting our way of living. Dissociated aspects of the analytic couple are discussed, both as represented by and articulating transgenerational issues, phantoms, and as presented in often neglected aspects of embodiment. Jeremy Harris’s Slave Play is offered as an amplification of ubiquitous and unacknowledged transgenerational presences in our analytic interactions. Clinical examples explore countertransference aspects that illustrate Jung’s challenge, such as an unwitting prejudice toward analysis as equalling transformation and integrating resolution, or toward analysis as leaving unexamined the presumptions of class structures and privilege. A personal dream is offered to illustrate a necessary reorientation of the analyst’s ego toward an attitude in which rebirth comes only in and through interaction with the collective. It is argued that only with such interaction, which manifests movement toward social justice, is there an efficacious analysis.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitory potential of alpha‐lactalbumin extracted from milk of Gir cows: A Bos indicus species
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kumar M H Sathish , C S Rajani , Sabikhi Latha , Naik N Laxmana
Published: April 2022

An attempt has been made to assess the dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory potential of α‐lactalbumin separated from milk of Gir cow. α‐lactalbumin hydrolysates were prepared using three different enzymes at different enzyme‐to‐substrate (E:S) ratios (1:25, 1:50 and 1:100) treated for 2‐ to 12‐h durations. Pepsin‐treated hydrolysates showed maximum DPP‐IV inhibition of 87.81 ± 0.84% (IC50 = 0.78 mg/mL). The permeate of 3 kDa, which exhibited 84.47 ± 2.29% DPP‐IV inhibition, was fractionated through RP‐HPLC. All fractions were analysed for DPP‐IV inhibition activity. One novel peptide was identified through LC‐MS/MS, which showed adequate DPP‐IV inhibition (IC50 = 4.93 mM).
Trends in computed tomography aortography and acute aortic syndrome in an emergency department within Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Waqanivavalagi Steve WFR , Bhat Sameer , Schreve Franco , Milsom Paget , Bergin Colleen J , Jones Peter G
Published: April 2022

Objective

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) comprises a triad of life‐threatening aortic conditions that are difficult to diagnose because of their non‐specific clinical presentations. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography aortography (CTA) has a high sensitivity and specificity for these conditions. However, under‐ and over‐investigation of patients with suspected AAS using CTA carries significant risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic imaging practices of CTA use for patients presenting to an ED with suspected AAS.

Methods

All atraumatic thoracic CTAs performed on patients aged ≥15 years old with suspected AAS who presented to Auckland City Hospital between 2009 and 2019 were included. Outcomes of interest were the annual ED and population incidences of AAS, and the rate of CTAs performed.

Results

A total of 1646 CTAs were included. There were 135 (8.2%) cases of at least one AAS diagnosis and 220 (13.4%) cases where an alternative diagnosis was made. The population‐adjusted number of AAS diagnoses remained relatively stable over the study period, with a mean annual AAS incidence of 19.6 (95% confidence interval 9.9–33.7) per 100 000 patients, and 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.6–5.4) per 100 000 population. The number of ED presentations increased during the study period, along with the population‐adjusted rate of CTAs performed, from approximately 150 per 100 000 patients (2009) to 350 per 100 000 patients (2019).

Conclusions

Thoracic CTA use for investigating suspected AAS in our ED has recently increased. However, the annual incidence of AAS did not increase over the same period, but was higher than reported in overseas institutions.
Prevalence and predictors of poor outcome in children with febrile neutropaenia presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Long Elliot , Babl Franz E , Phillips Natalie , Craig Simon , Zhang Michael , Kochar Amit , McCaskill Mary , Borland Meredith L , Slavin Monica A , Phillips Robert , Lourenco Richard De A , Michinaud Francoise , Thursky Karin A , Haeusler Gabrielle ,   Australian PICNICC Study Group and the PREDICT Network
Published: April 2022

Objective

Children with acquired neutropaenia due to cancer chemotherapy are at high risk of severe infection. The present study aims to describe the prevalence and predictors of poor outcomes in children with febrile neutropaenia (FN).

Methods

This is a multicentre, prospective observational study in tertiary Australian EDs. Cancer patients with FN were included. Fever was defined as a single temperature ≥38°C, and neutropaenia was defined as an absolute neutrophil count <1000/mm3. The primary outcome was the ICU admission for organ support therapy (inotropic support, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal life support). Secondary outcomes were: ICU admission, ICU length of stay (LOS) ≥3 days, proven or probable bacterial infection, hospital LOS ≥7 days and 28‐day mortality. Initial vital signs, biomarkers (including lactate) and clinical sepsis scores, including Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and quick Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction‐2 were evaluated as predictors of poor outcomes.

Results

Between December 2016 and January 2018, 2124 episodes of fever in children with cancer were screened, 547 episodes in 334 children met inclusion criteria. Four episodes resulted in ICU admission for organ support therapy, nine episodes required ICU admission, ICU LOS was ≥3 days in four, hospital LOS was ≥7 days in 153 and two patients died within 28 days. Vital signs, blood tests and clinical sepsis scores, including Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and quick Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction‐2, performed poorly as predictors of these outcomes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve <0.6).

Conclusions

Very few patients with FN required ICU‐level care. Vital signs, biomarkers and clinical sepsis scores for the prediction of poor outcomes are of limited utility in children with FN.
Particulates formed in online prepared substitution fluid—Effect of acetic acid cleaning on endotoxin retentive filters
Authors: Imai Motoyuki , Yamamoto Masahito , Togo Konomi , Yamashita Akihiro C.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

There is no standard for insoluble particulate matters in dialysate. We evaluated the insoluble particulate matters in online prepared substitution fluid.

Methods

We evaluated particle diameters and constituent elements of particles in online prepared substitution fluid and the final endotoxin retentive filter (ETRF).

Results

The measurement results with particles in the online prepared substitution fluid and particles attached to the final ETRF revealed that Ca‐containing particles accounted for 11 particles and Si‐containing particles accounted for 19 particles of 30 particles detected in the online prepared substitution fluid and the final ETRF.

Conclusion

We presume that insoluble particulates in online prepared substitution fluid were Ca and Mg precipitated from dialysate and Si precipitated from dialysis water. Even if two ETRFs were connected in series, these particles were formed in the final ETRF.
Population pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin: A systematic review
Authors: Methaneethorn Janthima , Tengcharoen Kanokkan , Leelakanok Nattawut , AlEjielat Rowan
Published: April 2022

Because of the high interindividual pharmacokinetic variability, several population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models of doxorubicin (DOX) were developed to characterize factors influencing such variability. However, significant predictors for DOX pharmacokinetics identified using PopPK models varied across studies. Thus, this review aims to summarize PopPK models of DOX and its metabolites (if any) as well as significant covariates influencing DOX (and its metabolites) pharmacokinetic variability. A systematic search from PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Science Direct, and SCOPUS databases identified 503 studies. Of these, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. DOX pharmacokinetics was described with two‐ or three‐compartment models. Most studies found a significant increase in DOX clearance with an increase in body surface area from the median value of 1.8 m2. Moreover, this review identified that while a 10‐year increase in patient age resulted in a decrease in DOX clearance in adults and the elderly, younger children had lower DOX clearance compared to older children. Further, low DOX exposure was observed in pregnant women, and thus dosage adjustment is required. Concerning model applicability, predictive performance assessment of these published models should be performed before implementing such models in clinical practice.
Analysis of vitreoretinal surgery activity in metropolitan France in 2016: impact on training capacities
Authors: Chiquet Christophe , Tadjine Mehdi , Bouisse Magali , François Patrice , Dufournet Julie , Robert Pierre‐Yves , Creuzot Catherine , Boussat Bastien ,   French Council of University Ophthalmogists (COUF) group
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to describe vitreoretinal surgery activity and vitreoretinal surgeons in private or public practice in metropolitan France over the year 2016 to anticipate surgical training needs.

Methods

Patients aged ≥20 years who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery, alone or combined with cataract surgery were included using the French National Healthcare system database. For surgery performed by ophthalmologists carrying out ≥50 procedures during the year, the incidence per 100 000 of population ≥ 20 years of age, the number and mean age of surgeons and the number of surgeons aged >55 years were calculated.

Results

Overall, 57 947 posterior segment surgical procedures were included, 40% in the public sector and 49% in the private sector for private surgeons and/or public centres performing ≥50 procedures/year. The remaining 11% of procedures were from private surgeons and/or public centres performing <50 procedures/year. The analysis included 356 surgeons with a mean age of 41 ± 10 years (39% female) in the public sector and 47 ± 10 years (14% female) in the private sector. The majority of urgent surgery was for retinal detachment (n = 30 290 [52% of total surgical procedures]). Scheduled surgery involved surgery for macular holes and epiretinal membranes (n = 16 454 [28% of total surgical procedures]). Combined vitrectomy‐phacoemulsification surgery (n = 10 120) represented 17% of all vitreoretinal surgery. University regions with the fewest surgeons and regions with surgeons >55 years of age were identified, to anticipate the training need for new surgeons.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated disparities in the geographic distribution of vitreoretinal surgery in France and identified regions that need increased training capacities to ensure a sufficient number of surgeons.
Evaluation of the health status of mammary glands and compositional changes in udder‐half milk obtained from dairy goats for milk quality management
Authors: Nagahata Hajime , Fuse Mayumi , Umehara Kenji , Gondaira Satoshi , Higuchi Hidetoshi , Hisaeda Keiichi , Kumano Yasutaka
Published: April 2022

This study evaluated the health status of the mammary glands and milk composition of dairy goats. The California mastitis test (CMT) score, somatic cell counts (SCCs), somatic cell type, electrical conductivity (EC), N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity, mastitis‐causing pathogens, and milk composition in 121 udder‐half milk samples from 62 crossbreed goats (1–3 years old) at 23–45 days postpartum were compared in four categories with SCCs of <200 × 103, <300 × 103, 301–1000 × 103, and >1010 × 103 cells/ml. The SCC, CMT score, EC, and NAGase activity were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in udder‐half milk with SCCs of <200 × 103 and <300 × 103 cells/ml than those in milk with SCCs of 301–1000 × 103 and >1010 × 103 cells/ml. The protein, lactose/ash, and solids‐not‐fat (SNF) in milk with an SCC of <300 × 103 cells/ml were similar to the previously reported values. The proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in milk with SCCs of 301–1000 and >1010 × 103 cells/ml than in milk with an SCC of <300 × 103 cells/ml. Assessing mammary gland health and milk composition based on categorization of udder‐half milk by SCC may be useful for milk quality control on goat farms.
Isoflavones and their metabolites influence the milk production ability of bovine mammary epithelial cells in a type‐specific manner
Authors: Tsugami Yusaku , Wakasa Haruka , Kawahara Manabu , Nishimura Takanori , Kobayashi Ken
Published: April 2022

Dairy cows feed on isoflavones as physiologically active substances present in legumes. However, the influences of isoflavones (biochanin A, genistein, formononetin, and daidzein) and their metabolites (p‐ethylphenol and equol) on milk components production, tight junctions (TJs), and their regulatory pathways are unclear in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). In this study, we investigated the influences of isoflavones and their metabolites in BMECs using an in vitro culture model. The influences of isoflavones on milk components production, TJ proteins, and STAT5/STAT3 signaling pathways were different in a type‐specific manner. Biochanin A decreased the mRNA expression and secretion of both β‐casein and lactoferrin while a decrease in activated STAT5 and an increase in activated STAT3. In contrast, equol increased claudin‐3, which is the main components for less‐permeable TJs in lactation, while an increase in activated STAT5. In addition, a mixture of multiple isoflavones based on the intake of red clover increased secretion of lactoferrin, mRNA expression of β‐casein, and amount of claudin‐3, but a mixture based on soy did not affect the BMECs. Thus, these results indicate that isoflavones in legumes and the metabolic activity of isoflavones in dairy cows when feeding legumes may affect the milk production ability in BMECs.
Comparative efficacy and safety of prostatic urethral lift vs prostatic artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lucas‐Cava Vanesa , Sánchez‐Margallo Francisco Miguel , Insausti‐Gorbea Iñigo , Sun Fei
Published: April 2022

Objective

To assess and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of prostatic urethral lift (PUL) and prostatic artery embolization (PAE) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by means of a systematic review and network meta‐analysis.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Web of Science from inception to March 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared PUL or PAE with either transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or sham procedures as control interventions. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to pool the data on direct and indirect comparisons between interventions using STATA 14.

Results

Eight RCTs with 675 participants were included in our network meta‐analysis. Quantitative synthesis revealed that TURP was the most efficacious intervention for clinical (International Prostate Symptoms Score and quality of life) and functional outcomes (maximum urinary flow rate and post‐void residual urine volume), and was associated with a lower reintervention rate compared with PAE (risk ratio [RR] 2.08 with 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96 to 4.51) and PUL (RR 2.33 with 95% CI 0.50 to 10.86), although the difference were not statistically significant. Indirect comparison indicated that PUL and PAE resulted in similar outcomes. PAE was associated with fewer minor adverse events (AEs; RR 0.75 with 95% CI 0.48 to 1.18) and PUL with fewer major AEs (RR 0.72 with 95% CI 0.17 to 3.13) when compared with TURP. Whilst PAE had a better ranking with regard to improvement of most clinical and functional outcomes, PUL was the best ranked procedure regarding erectile function, as measured by the International Index of Erectile Function 5, but no significant difference was observed.

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests that PUL and PAE have similar clinical efficacy and safety profiles in the management of LUTS associated with BPH. However, the quality of evidence is relatively low because of the paucity of RCTs available, and results should be interpreted with caution.
Litigation in the management of urinary stone disease
Authors: Yang Bingyuan , Goldsmith Louise , Turney Ben , Reynard John
Published: April 2022

Objective

To present common technical and non‐technical issues leading to medicolegal litigation, illustrated by a series of 54 cases, with the aim of using these examples to prevent harm to patients and to prevent surgeons from having to experience the stress of litigation.

Methods

A series of 78 medicolegal litigation cases reviewed by a single expert witness over 13 years from 2008 to 2021 was analysed by two reviewers. Twenty‐nine cases were identified as having a non‐technical learning point and 25 were identified as having a technical learning point. These are discussed using illustrative examples and the steps that could have avoided these issues are considered.

Results

All major issues and themes are illustrated with cases demonstrating the errors that lead to litigation and the often‐simple steps that can be taken to avoid them. Out of 29 non‐technical issues, 13 involved consent issues (45%), eight involved delays in treatment (28%) and eight involved failure to provide adequate safeguarding advice (28%). Out of 25 technical issues, 13 cases involved intra‐operative problems (52%) including nine ureteric injuries, eight involved errors or omissions in the immediate preoperative period (32%) and four resulted from decisions around emergency decompression of the obstructed infected kidney. These emergency cases featured complications of amputation (two out of four) and death (one out of four). These decisions are complex and there are many subtleties to these cases, which are discussed in detail.

Conclusion

We hope that this case series highlights the potentially catastrophic outcomes of even small errors of judgement, and allows careful stone surgeons to learn from the experiences of those unfortunate others without having to encounter these situations themselves.
Walking the health geographers' talk: Aging and health inequalities in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Rishworth Andrea , Elliott Susan J.
Published: April 2022

Although inequalities in the production, distribution, and determinants of health are central to health geographers, the discipline of health geography suffers from a “know‐do” gap. These health inequalities are personified in aging populations; older adults in sub‐Saharan Africa experience shorter life expectancies than in high‐income countries and endure higher disability and disease rates in old age. Concomitantly, the region experiences resource shortages and competing population priorities. Evidence‐informed knowledge and practice is imperative. Informed by the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research Principles, an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) case study with knowledge holders and users in the inception, implementation, and dissemination of research in Uganda was undertaken. This paper presents the capstone iKT event that shared research results with knowledge owners and users, addressed research implications and applications, and identified future research and policy agendas. Although vast contextual inequalities impede aging health disparity solutions, findings indicate that employing an iKT approach generates possibilities that not only support older adults, but also population health across the life course. Research incorporating iKT overcomes many contextual realities deemed to impede old age health equity. Incorporating iTK into health geography can reveal where inequality exists, expose how inequality is (re)produced, and suggest solutions that generates more equitable futures.
Review: Which components of behavioral parent and teacher training work for children with ADHD? – a metaregression analysis on child behavioral outcomes
Authors: Hornstra Rianne , Groenman Annabeth P. , van der Oord Saskia , Luman Marjolein , Dekkers Tycho J. , van der Veen‐Mulders Lianne , Hoekstra Pieter J. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J.
Published: April 2022

Background

This metaregression analysis examined which behavioral techniques that are commonly used in behavioral parent and teacher training programs for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were related to program effectiveness on children's behavioral outcomes.

Methods

We included 32 randomized controlled trials (N = 2594 children) investigating behavioral parent training, teacher training, or a combination, in children with ADHD under 18 years. Outcomes were symptom counts of total ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity‐impulsivity and behavioral problems. The dosage of techniques was extracted from the intervention manuals. Metaregression was used to assess which techniques and intervention characteristics (setting, delivery method, duration, and home‐school collaboration) were associated with intervention effectiveness.

Results

Higher dosage of psycho‐education for parents was associated with smaller effects on behavioral problems and, only in case of parent training, also with smaller effects on ADHD symptoms. Higher dosage of teaching parents/teachers to use negative consequences was associated with larger effects on behavioral problems. Individual training compared with group training was associated with larger effects on ADHD and hyperactivity‐impulsivity symptoms.

Conclusions

This study provides first insights into the specific techniques that are essential in behavioral parent and teacher training programs for children with ADHD. This knowledge can eventually be used to improve and tailor interventions.
A framework and case study to systematically identify long‐term insect abundance and diversity datasets
Authors: Grames Eliza M. , Montgomery Graham A. , Boyes Douglas H. , Dicks Lynn V. , Forister Matthew L. , Matson Tanner A. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Prendergast Kit S. , Taylor Nigel G. , Tingley Morgan W. , Wagner David L. , White Thomas E. , Woodcock Paul , Elphick Chris S.
Published: April 2022

Biodiversity is in crisis, and insects are no exception. To understand insect population and community trends globally, it is necessary to identify and synthesize diverse datasets representing different taxa, regions, and habitats. The relevant literature is, however, vast and challenging to aggregate. The Entomological Global Evidence Map (EntoGEM) project is a systematic effort to search for and catalogue studies with long‐term data that can be used to understand changes in insect abundance and diversity. Here, we present the overall EntoGEM framework and results of the first completed subproject of the systematic map, which compiled sources of information about changes in dragonfly and damselfly (Odonata) occurrence, abundance, biomass, distribution, and diversity. We identified 45 multi‐year odonate datasets, including 10 studies with data that span more than 10 years. If data from each study could be gathered or extracted, these studies could contribute to analyses of long‐term population trends of this important group of indicator insects. The methods developed to support the EntoGEM project, and its framework for synthesizing a vast literature, have the potential to be applied not only to other broad topics in ecology and conservation, but also to other areas of research where data are widely distributed.
Cytology coupled with immunocytochemistry identifies Merkel cell carcinoma: A rare intruder in the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Kundu Reetu , Singh Brijdeep , Dey Pranab
Published: April 2022

Merkel cell carcinoma is an uncommon aggressive skin tumour which is well known for its recurrence and metastasis. Leptomeningeal metastasis involving the cerebrospinal fluid is extremely rare. The diagnosis may easily be missed as it simulates other much more common small round blue cell tumours. A patient history with a primary diagnosis may not always be available. Awareness and cytomorphological vigilance with judicious employment of appropriate immunomarkers on limited cerebrospinal fluid samples is indispensable for reaching the correct diagnosis. The tumour cells are usually monotonous small round cells, singly scattered or arranged in loosely cohesive clusters. Cells have round to elongated nuclei with coarsely granular chromatin, nuclear moulding in places and scanty basophilic cytoplasm. A limited immunocytochemistry panel employing CK20 and CD56, for which the tumour is positive, is confirmatory. We herein present a case of infiltration of cerebrospinal fluid by Merkel cell carcinoma.
‘Building back better’ in the context of multi‐hazards in the Caribbean
Authors: Jones Eleanor , Doughorty Kristinia , Brown Pietra
Published: April 2022

The multi‐hazard vulnerability of Small Island Developing States in the Caribbean has underpinned the repeated saga of destructive natural and anthropogenic events that have disrupted land, livelihoods, the economy, and society over the past several decades. Preparedness and response have been the focus of national governments and regional entities and the repeated battering calls into question the concept of recovery and ‘building back better’. This paper examines the concept of recovery and ‘building back better’ in the context of the Caribbean, paying particular attention to the experience of the selected countries of Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Dominica, Guyana, Jamaica, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. These nations have recently been impacted by different disasters, ranging from storms to earthquakes to volcanic eruptions. This paper also explores the similarities among the recommendations concerning recovery needs, presenting key insights into suggested approaches for an inclusive people‐centred recovery process that ‘builds back better’.
Repellent activity of trans‐anethole and tea tree oil against Aedes aegypti and their interaction with OBP1, a protein involved in olfaction
Authors: Ajmal Laiba , Hamid Amna , Raza Faiz Ahmed , Chaudhary Safee Ullah , Iman Kanzal , Ajmal Sidra , Younas Hooria , Khalid Ruqyya , Iqbal Mazhar , Tasadduq Raazia
Published: April 2022

Mosquitoes act as vectors for the transmission of various infectious pathogens. The associated diseases are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and can be prevented by effective vector control and management. Natural compounds have become a potential alternative to synthetic repellents that are unsafe and harmful to the environment. The repellent activity of trans‐anethole and tea tree [Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & E. Betche) Cheel, Myrtaceae] oils was tested against the vector Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) by performing a modified arm‐in‐cage and cloth‐patch repellent assay. Tea tree oil [EC50 = 0.002 mg ml−1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.001–0.003] was found to be a more potent repellent than trans‐anethole (EC50 = 0.003 mg ml−1, 95% CI = 0.001–0.007). Tea tree oil was determined to have a complete protection time of 60 min, which was less than N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide (DEET), which was used as a control (480 min). The binding affinity of trans‐anethole and terpinen‐4‐ol (a major component of tea tree oil) for the protein target AaegOBP1, a component of the olfactory system of Ae. aegypti, was determined using blind and targeted molecular docking. The results of molecular docking were in accordance with the findings of the repellent assay. OBP1 was found to have a better binding affinity for terpinen‐4‐ol (ΔG = −7.1 kcal per mol) than trans‐anethole (ΔG = −6.9 kcal per mol). In addition, a hydrogen bond of 0.1997 nm (1.997 Å) long was formed between PHE123 of OBP1 and terpinen‐4‐ol as established with Mcule. Further detailed analysis and experimentation of natural products as repellents is required as they may replace currently used synthetic repellents – natural repellents generally have less side effects and lower toxicity while being cost‐effective and easily available.
Combined electrophysiological and morphological phenotypes in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy and their healthy siblings
Authors: Stier Christina , Loose Markus , Kotikalapudi Raviteja , Elshahabi Adham , Li Hegner Yiwen , Marquetand Justus , Braun Christoph , Lerche Holger , Focke Niels K.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is characterized by aberrant neuronal dynamics and subtle structural alterations. We evaluated whether a combination of magnetic and electrical neuronal signals and cortical thickness would provide complementary information about network pathology in GGE. We also investigated whether these imaging phenotypes were present in healthy siblings of the patients to test for genetic influence.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we analyzed 5 min of resting state data acquired using electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in patients, their siblings, and controls, matched for age and sex. We computed source‐reconstructed power and connectivity in six frequency bands (1–40 Hz) and cortical thickness (derived from magnetic resonance imaging). Group differences were assessed using permutation analysis of linear models for each modality separately and jointly for all modalities using a nonparametric combination.

Results

Patients with GGE (n = 23) had higher power than controls (n = 35) in all frequencies, with a more posterior focus in MEG than EEG. Connectivity was also increased, particularly in frontotemporal and central regions in theta (strongest in EEG) and low beta frequencies (strongest in MEG), which was eminent in the joint EEG/MEG analysis. EEG showed weaker connectivity differences in higher frequencies, possibly related to drug effects. The inclusion of cortical thickness reinforced group differences in connectivity and power. Siblings (n = 18) had functional and structural patterns intermediate between those of patients and controls.

Significance

EEG detected increased connectivity and power in GGE similar to MEG, but with different spectral sensitivity, highlighting the importance of theta and beta oscillations. Cortical thickness reductions in GGE corresponded to functional imaging patterns. Our multimodal approach extends the understanding of the resting state in GGE and points to genetic underpinnings of the imaging markers studied, providing new insights into the causes and consequences of epilepsy.
Emerging Ideas. A ripple effect: Does I‐sharing with a stranger promote compromise in cohabiting couples?
Authors: Gehman Rachel M. , Pinel Elizabeth C. , Johnson Leslie C. , Grover Kristin W.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Drawing from work on the prosocial outcomes associated with I‐sharing, we asked whether I‐sharing with a stranger enhances couples' ability to compromise.

Background

Living together harmoniously requires compromise. Research on the psychological factors that promote compromise frequently focuses on individual differences and interpersonal environment. The current research takes a different approach by asking what role I‐sharing (i.e., the feeling that others share the same in‐the‐moment, subjective experience as oneself) plays in the success of a cohabiting couple's compromise efforts.

Method

Both members of a cohabiting couple privately reported the percentage of time they spend on household tasks (the Division of Household Labor inventory [DHL]) before undergoing a manipulation in which they either did or did not have an I‐sharing experience with a stranger. Participants then completed the DHL again, this time working together with their cohabiting partner to reach a consensus in their responses. Finally, participants had another chance to complete the DHL in private, receiving the instruction to respond with their true beliefs.

Results

When relationship partners worked together to complete the DHL at the second reporting, their responses were identical. At the third (private) DHL reporting, consistent with prediction, couples assigned to the I‐share condition showed more agreement with their partner than couples assigned to the No I‐share condition.

Conclusion

This finding suggests that the prosociality generated by I‐sharing can promote compromise in cohabiting couples.

Implications

I‐sharing holds promise as a therapeutic tool to promote compromise in treatment‐seeking families and couples.
Eliminating deprivation and breaking through dependence: A mechanism to help poor households achieve sustainable livelihoods by targeted poverty alleviation strategy
Authors: Yu Chao , Gao Junbo , Han Yong , Wang Yimin , Sun Jianwu
Published: April 2022

Deprivation and dependence are the main signs of poverty, and elimination of both constitutes a major means of poverty alleviation. The foremost goal of China's targeted poverty alleviation strategy (TPAS) and the sustainable livelihood analysis framework (SLAF) was thus the elimination of deprivation and dependence. Together, TPAS and SLAF form a poverty alleviation mechanism that provides an opportunity to conduct a systematic analysis of TPAS implementation that achieved world‐renowned results in poverty alleviation. In this study, we comprehensively compare the changes in households and villages in a poor county before and after the implementation of TPAS; furthermore, we use a multilevel model to analyze the mechanism behind the functioning of the “Household‐Village” multilevel structure in the poverty alleviation process. The TPAS implemented a comprehensive livelihood system for poor households, whereby multidimensional deprivation was eliminated by supplementing livelihood capitals. Acquisition‐oriented assistance policies were offered to different groups to build customized paths of poverty alleviation, which ultimately helped poor households break through poverty and achieve sustainable livelihoods. This study highlights the close connection between the various components of the livelihood system, provides new research ideas for the study of China's TPAS and presents a reference template for the promotion of China's poverty alleviation programs.
Advantages of external quality assessment‐EQA programs
Authors: Montalvão Silmara Aparecida de Lima , Lowe Anna , Kitchen Steve
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The first external quality assessment (EQA) in Thrombosis and Haemostasis was elaborated over 20 years ago, and since then, several national and international EQA institutions have been established.

Aim

Display the benefits of EQA programs.

Methods

The spectrum of EQA action was evaluated ranges from improving the performance of the local laboratory to highlighting inadequate diagnostic tests that need to be replaced by new technologies.

Results

The first result approach is related to a national management of quality in laboratories. In recent years, Brazil has invested in an EQA program to aid public policy in the laboratory area. During this period, a group of haemostasis laboratory specialists were invited to manage the results and help the Ministry of Health with applying these results as a strategy to improve laboratories. Thus, in collaboration with NEQAS‐BC, the University of Campinas – UNICAMP, established a Brazilian EQA program for Blood Coagulation. The second result approach is related to FVIII inhibitor assay performance evaluation, which is another type of EQA program benefit. Despite the assay being considered the gold standard to measure neutralised immunoglobulins for FVIII since 1975, over 40 years ago, the test still has a high coefficient of variation. Results from NEQAS‐BC and WFH IEQAS program demonstrate the inter‐laboratory variation across the United Kingdom over the last years and among emergent countries.

Conclusion

The EQA programs have an important educational role in helping countries manage their public policy and in the international inquiry regarding the necessity of new technologies in haemostasis.
The association between lung cancer stigma and race: A descriptive correlational study
Authors: McDonnell Karen Kane , Webb Lisa A. , Adams Swann A. , Felder Tisha M. , Davis Rachel E.
Published: April 2022

Background

Stigma is a formidable burden for survivors of lung cancer that can reduce the quality of life (QOL), resulting in physical, social and psychological challenges. This study investigates associations between stigma and depression, QOL and demographic and health‐related characteristics, including race.

Design

An adapted conceptual model derived from the Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale guided this descriptive correlation study assessing stigma in African American and Caucasian survivors of lung cancer. Self‐reported, written surveys measuring depression, QOL, lung cancer stigma and demographics were administered. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess associations between stigma and depression, stigma and QOL and stigma and race, while adjusting for demographic characteristics.

Results

Participants (N = 56) included 30 Caucasian and 26 African American survivors of lung cancer recruited from a cancer registry of an American College of Surgeons‐accredited programme, a survivors' support club and an ambulatory oncology practice in the southeastern United States. Statistical analysis yielded (1) a significant moderate positive association between depression and lung cancer stigma; (2) a significant moderate negative association between QOL and lung cancer stigma; and (3) significant relationships between race and lung cancer stigma, specifically higher degree of stigma among African Americans compared to Caucasians.

Conclusion

Stigma affects many aspects of survivors' lives. Healthcare professionals need to consider how health‐related stigma may further complicate the physical burdens, psychological distresses and social challenges that accompany the disease, especially among African American survivors. Additional enquiry and interventions are needed to assist with mitigating the negative effects of stigma on survivors and their family members and friends.

Patient or Public Contribution

Fifty‐six survivors of lung cancer participated in this descriptivecorrelation study. They completed written surveys measuring depression, QOL, and lung cancer stigma, plus an investigator‐developed demographic information form.