bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remodeling the tumor-immune microenvironment by anti-CTLA4 blockade enhanced subsequent anti-PD-1 efficacy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ma Yuxiang , Zhou Huaqiang , Luo Fan , Zhang Yang , Zhu Changbin , Li Weiwei , Huang Zhan , Zhao Jingbo , Xue Jinhui , Zhao Yuanyuan , Fang Wenfeng , Yang Yunpeng , Huang Yan , Zhang Li , Zhao Hongyun
Published: March 2024

Sequential immunotherapy has shown certain advantages in malignancy. Here, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of sequential anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (R/M NPC). We retrospectively analysis 2 phase I trial of ipilimumab and camrelizumab in Chinese R/M NPC patients. These patients were initially treated with ipilimumab, a CTLA4 blockade, followed by anti-PD-1 treatment. We observed a durable tumor remission in these patients (mPFS: 12.3 months; mDoR: 20.9 months). Multimodal investigations of biopsy samples disclosed remodeling of tumor-immune microenvironment triggered by ipilimumab. In responders, we found increased tumoral PD-L1/PD-L2 expression and T-cell infiltration after ipilimumab treatment, accompanied by reduced stroma and malignant cell components. In contrast, non-responders exhibited increased B-cell infiltration and increased peripheral CD19 + B cells, suggesting a defective transition from memory B cells to plasma cells. This study proposes that sequential therapy can potentially enhance treatment efficacy in chemotherapy-resistant NPC patients and provides insights into how preexisting anti-CTLA4 blockade can influence subsequent anti-PD-1 efficacy by remodeling the TME. Additionally, our results highlight the need for therapeutic strategies targeting naïve/memory B cells.
To warrant clinical adoption AI models require a multi-faceted implementation evaluation
Authors: van de Sande Davy , Chung Eline Fung Fen , Oosterhoff Jacobien , van Bommel Jasper , Gommers Diederik , van Genderen Michel E.
Published: March 2024

Despite artificial intelligence (AI) technology progresses at unprecedented rate, our ability to translate these advancements into clinical value and adoption at the bedside remains comparatively limited. This paper reviews the current use of implementation outcomes in randomized controlled trials evaluating AI-based clinical decision support and found limited adoption. To advance trust and clinical adoption of AI, there is a need to bridge the gap between traditional quantitative metrics and implementation outcomes to better grasp the reasons behind the success or failure of AI systems and improve their translation into clinical value.
Cytotoxic Tph subset with low B-cell helper functions and its involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Seki Noriyasu , Tsujimoto Hideto , Tanemura Shuhei , Kojima Shinji , Miyoshi Fumihiko , Kikuchi Jun , Saito Shuntaro , Akiyama Mitsuhiro , Sugahara Kunio , Yoshimoto Keiko , Kaneko Yuko , Chiba Kenji , Takeuchi Tsutomu
Published: March 2024

T peripheral helper (Tph) cells are thought to contribute to extra-follicular B cell activation and play a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. However, the role of Tph subsets is not fully elucidated. Here, we investigate the immunological functions of Tph subsets and their involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have defined four Tph subsets (Tph1: CXCR3+CCR6−, Tph2: CXCR3−CCR6−, Tph17: CXCR3−CCR6+, and Tph1-17: CXCR3+CCR6+) and performed RNA sequencing after cell sorting. Tph1 and Tph17 subsets express substantial levels of IL21, indicating B cell helper functions. However, Tph2 and Tph1-17 subsets express low IL21. Interestingly, we have found Tph2 subset express high levels of CX3CR1, GZMB, PRF1, GLNY, S1PR5, TBX21, EOMES, ZNF863, and RUNX3, indicating a feature of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In SLE patients, the frequency of Tph1 and Tph2 subsets are significantly increased and positively correlated with SLE disease activity indexes. Tph1 cells expansion has been observed in patients with cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations. On the other hand, Tph2 cell expansion has been found in patients with lupus nephritis in addition to the above manifestations. Our findings imply that Tph1 and Tph2 subsets exert distinct immunological functions and are contributed to the complexity of clinical manifestations in SLE.
Quantum approximate optimization via learning-based adaptive optimization
Authors: Cheng Lixue , Chen Yu-Qin , Zhang Shi-Xin , Zhang Shengyu
Published: March 2024

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous and computationally hard to solve in general. Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), one of the most representative quantum-classical hybrid algorithms, is designed to solve combinatorial optimization problems by transforming the discrete optimization problem into a classical optimization problem over continuous circuit parameters. QAOA objective landscape is notorious for pervasive local minima, and its viability significantly relies on the efficacy of the classical optimizer. In this work, we design double adaptive-region Bayesian optimization (DARBO) for QAOA. Our numerical results demonstrate that the algorithm greatly outperforms conventional optimizers in terms of speed, accuracy, and stability. We also address the issues of measurement efficiency and the suppression of quantum noise by conducting the full optimization loop on a superconducting quantum processor as a proof of concept. This work helps to unlock the full power of QAOA and paves the way toward achieving quantum advantage in practical classical tasks.
Generalizable anchor aptamer strategy for loading nucleic acid therapeutics on exosomes
Authors: Han Gang , Zhang Yao , Zhong Li , Wang Biaobiao , Qiu Shuai , Song Jun , Lin Caorui , Zou Fangdi , Wu Jingqiao , Yu Huanan , Liang Chao , Wen Ke , Seow Yiqi , Yin HaiFang
Published: March 2024

Clinical deployment of oligonucleotides requires delivery technologies that improve stability, target tissue accumulation and cellular internalization. Exosomes show potential as ideal delivery vehicles. However, an affordable generalizable system for efficient loading of oligonucleotides on exosomes remain lacking. Here, we identified an Exosomal Anchor DNA Aptamer (EAA) via SELEX against exosomes immobilized with our proprietary CP05 peptides. EAA shows high binding affinity to different exosomes and enables efficient loading of nucleic acid drugs on exosomes. Serum stability of thrombin inhibitor NU172 was prolonged by exosome-loading, resulting in increased blood flow after injury in vivo. Importantly, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy PMO can be readily loaded on exosomes via EAA (EXOEAA-PMO). EXOEAA-PMO elicited significantly greater muscle cell uptake, tissue accumulation and dystrophin expression than PMO in vitro and in vivo. Systemic administration of EXOEAA-PMO elicited therapeutic levels of dystrophin restoration and functional improvements in mdx mice. Altogether, our study demonstrates that EAA enables efficient loading of different nucleic acid drugs on exosomes, thus providing an easy and generalizable strategy for loading nucleic acid therapeutics on exosomes.
Effect of external electric fields on the ESDPT process and photophysical properties of 1,8-dihydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde
Authors: Tang Xingzhu , Zhang Yajie , Sun Chaofan
Published: March 2024

A method of regulating the ESDPT process of 1,8-dihydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde using external electric fields is proposed, thereby affecting its luminescence properties.
Utilization of lead-based saturated adsorbents for the fabrication of battery-like hybrid asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Acharya Sourav , De Shrabani , Ganguly Ayon , Mishra Brijesh K. , Nayak Ganesh Chandra
Published: March 2024

In this study S-doped graphitic CN/ZIF-8 composite was fabricated to remove Pb from water which was anchored through heat treatment. This formed a composite of carbon, Zn-NCN, PbO and PbS and was used as supercapacitor anode.
Synthesis of a fully bio-based self-catalyzed hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane as a sizing agent for enhancing the interfacial properties of CF/PA6 composites
Authors: Dai Shengtao , Yan Fei , Zhang Siyu , Guo Jiaming , Zhang Lin , Liu Yu , Liu Liu , Ao Yuhui
Published: March 2024

Reinforcement mechanism introduced by the fully bio-based HWPU sizing agent.
Design and synthesis of novel insecticidal 3-isothiazolols as potential antagonists of insect GABA receptors
Authors: Ye Zihang , Zhou Congwei , Jiang Minghong , Luo Xiaogang , Wu Fengshou , Xu Zhiqiang , Sun Qi , Liu Genyan
Published: March 2024

Novel 4-(3-pyrrolidinyl/4-piperidinyl)-3-isothiazolols as potential GABAR antagonists exhibited insecticidal activity.
Study on the rheological behavior of aqueous solutions of polyacryloylglycinamide
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Du Pan , Ma Xinyu , Lin Qiurui , Luo Die , He Xianru
Published: March 2024

Polyacryloylglycinamide exhibits an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behaviour in aqueous solutions, and unlike typical polymers, dissolution is more sensitive to temperature and solutions may exhibit an extraordinary rheological behavior.
Enhanced nonlinear optical response and ultrafast carrier dynamics in amorphous Fe-doped ZIF-67
Authors: Kong Linghao , Sun Yunkai , Chu Hongwei , Xu Shiping , Pan Zhongben , Pan Han , Zhao Shengzhi , Li Dechun
Published: March 2024

We synthesized and characterized the amorphous Fe-doped ZIF-67. The nonlinear optical properties were enhanced in Fe-doped ZIF-67, producing the diverse mode-locking pulses.
Anthracene-(aminomethyl)phenylboronic acid ester-immobilized glass substrates as fluorescent sensing materials based on photo-induced electron transfer for detection and visualization of water
Authors: Tao Kazuki , Imato Keiichi , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: March 2024

Photo-induced electron transfer (PET)-type fluorescent sensor-immobilized glass substrates have been prepared as reversible and reusable fluorescent materials possessing excellent durability for detecting and visualizing moisture and water droplets.
Graph theory and graph neural network assisted high-throughput crystal structure prediction and screening for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Ojih Joshua , Al-Fahdi Mohammed , Yao Yagang , Hu Jianjun , Hu Ming
Published: March 2024

Prediction of crystal structures with desirable material properties is a grand challenge in materials research. We deployed graph theory assisted structure searcher and combined with universal machine learning potentials to accelerate the process.
Chemometric modeling of the lowest observed effect level (LOEL) and no observed effect level (NOEL) for rat toxicity
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Ojha Probir Kumar , Roy Kunal
Published: March 2024

Humans and other living species of the ecosystem are constantly exposed to a wide range of chemicals of natural as well as synthetic origin.
Design of inexpensive, magnetically separable MnFe2O4/poly meta-amino phenol (PmAP) heterostructure: catalyst for bisphenol A & reactive blue 19 mineralisation
Authors: Mohanty Chirasmayee , Mishra Priyanka P. , Samal Alaka , Das Nigamananda , Behera Ajaya K.
Published: March 2024

A magnetic MnFe2O4/PmAP heterostructured composite was synthesized for remediation of BPA and reactive blue 19 compounds.
pH-dependent complex formation with TAR RNA and DNA: application towards logic gates
Authors: Paul Rakesh , Paul Raj , Dutta Debasish , Dash Jyotirmayee
Published: March 2024

A pH responsive multi-reset reusable logic device has been developed utilizing HIV-1 TAR hairpins in combination with a thiazole peptide TP.
Machine learning in nanozymes: from design to application
Authors: Gao Yubo , Zhu Zhicheng , Chen Zhen , Guo Meng , Zhang Yiqing , Wang Lina , Zhu Zhiling
Published: March 2024

Nanozymes, a distinctive class of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity and kinetics akin to enzyme-catalysed reactions, present several advantages over natural enzymes, including cost-effectiveness, heightened stability, and adjustable activity.
Guanosine-based hydrogel as a supramolecular scaffold for template-assisted macrocyclization
Authors: Lala Binayak , Chaudhuri Ritapa , Prasanth Thumpati , Burkhart Ines , Schwalbe Harald , Dash Jyotirmayee
Published: March 2024

A nucleoside-derived supramolecular system serves as a template for a two-component ‘double-click’ macrocyclization.
I2-catalyzed synthesis of 3-aminopyrrole with homopropargylic amines and nitrosoarenes
Authors: Qin Jiaze , Jiang Shixuan , Luo Xiaofeng , Wang Tianqiang , Liu Peihua , Yuan Bingxiang , Yan Rulong
Published: March 2024

The synthesis of 3-aminopyrrole using the amination reagent nitrosoarenes and homopropargylic amines catalyzed by I2 through cyclization and amination has been developed.
Modulation of luminescence properties of circularly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules with axial chirality by donor engineering
Authors: Liu Shulei , Liu Songsong , Gao Yang , Lin Lili , Wang Chuan-Kui , Fan Jianzhong , Song Yuzhi
Published: March 2024

The photophysical properties of circularly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP-TADF) molecules are regulated by adjusting the type of donors.
Mitigated ammonium nitrate inhibition in SCR over Cu-SSZ-13 + Ce/Mn-oxide composite catalysts: insights from temperature-programmed desorption analysis
Authors: Andana Tahrizi , Rappé Kenneth G. , Gao Feng , Wang Yong
Published: March 2024

Ce/Mn-oxide reduces the quantity and stability of NH4NO3 deposits in Cu-SSZ-13.
A tetravalent praseodymium complex with field-induced slow magnetic relaxation
Authors: Xue Tianjiao , Ding You-Song , Zheng Zhiping
Published: March 2024

A tetravalent praseodymium complex with field-induced slow magnetic relaxation is presented.
Performance assessment of photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction photocathodes with patterned electrocatalysts: a multi-physical model-based approach
Authors: Chen Yuzhu , Xiang Chengxiang , Lin Meng
Published: March 2024

A coupled multi-physical model-based framework was developed to quantitatively analyze the trade-offs of optical propagation, charge transport, mass transfer, and electrochemical reactions in a photocathode of photoelectrochemical (PEC) device for carbon dioxide reduction (CO2R).
Multiple neighboring active sites of an atomically precise copper nanocluster catalyst for efficient bond-forming reactions
Authors: Ghosh Atanu , Sagadevan Arunachalam , Murugesan Kathiravan , Nastase Stefan Adrian F. , Maity Bholanath , Bodiuzzaman Mohammad , Shkurenko Aleksander , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Yin Jun , Mohammed Omar F. , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Cavallo Luigi , Rueping Magnus , Bakr Osman M.
Published: March 2024

We present a new type of core–shell copper nanocluster, [Cu29(StBu)13Cl5(PPh3)4H10]tBuSO3, that has multiple active sites on its surface. This nanocluster serves as a versatile heterogeneous catalyst for various C-heteroatom (C–O, C–N and C–S) bond-forming reactions.
Achieving long-lasting and high-capacity LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 cathodes with a synergistic F/In dual doping strategy
Authors: Li Zepeng , Zhu Jianhui , Xu Maowen , Jiang Jian
Published: March 2024

LiFe1−xMnxPO4 with elevated energy density is becoming the next-generation olivine-type cathode.
Self-healing amino acid-bearing acrylamides/n-butyl acrylate copolymers via multiple noncovalent bonds
Authors: Kudo Ryo , Samitsu Sadaki , Mori Hideharu
Published: March 2024

Four amino acid-bearing acrylamides, N-acryloyl-l-threonine, N-acryloyl-l-glutamic acid, N-acryloyl-l-phenylalanine, and N-acryloyl-l, l-diphenylalanine, were copolymerized with n-butyl acrylate to develop amino acid-based self-healable copolymers.
A scalable continuous photo-flow protocol for anaerobic oxidative cleavage of styrenes
Authors: Prakash Gaurav , Grover Jagrit , Pathak Pramod , Mittal Ankit Kumar , Balasubramaniam Pownthurai , Maiti Debabrata
Published: March 2024

A continuous photo-flow protocol for the anaerobic oxidative cleavage of styrenes using nitroarene as the oxygen transfer reagent.
Graphdiyne/metal oxide hybrid materials for efficient energy and environmental catalysis
Authors: Zhu Yuhua , Zhang Shuhong , Qiu Xiaofeng , Hao Quanguo , Wu Yan , Luo Zhu , Guo Yanbing
Published: March 2024

This review summarizes the structure, synthesis, advanced characterization, structure–activity relationship, and mechanisms of graphdiyne/metal oxide hybrid materials in efficient energy and environmental catalysis.
Synergy of nanocrystalline carbon nitride with Cu single atom catalyst leads to selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol
Authors: LeMercier Tara M. , Thangamuthu Madasamy , Kohlrausch Emerson C. , Chen Yifan , Stoppiello Craig T. , Fay Michael W. , Rance Graham A. , Aliev Gazi N. , Theis Wolfgang , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Lanterna Anabel E. , Fernandes Jesum Alves , Khlobystov Andrei N.
Published: March 2024

Synergistic magic: copper single atom and nanocrystalline carbon nitride for selective CO2 to methanol conversion.
Enhanced thermal management in electronic devices through control-oriented structures
Authors: Cheng Shujian , Guo Xiaoxiao , Cai Weiwei , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xue-ao
Published: March 2024

Control-oriented structures obtained by various strategies for thermal management in electronic devices.
Enhanced iodine capture by the hydrogen bond reconstruction strategy
Authors: Gou Ling-Qiong , Wang Yuan-Hao , Wang Shuang-Long , Liu Jia-Ying , Xin Xin , Xu Xin-Hong , Qin Song , He Ling , Tao Guo-Hong
Published: March 2024

The strong intramolecular hydrogen-bond of curcumin was broken by ionization, and curcumin anions form a weaker intermolecular hydrogen bond which is easily disrupted, making it easy to react with iodine and form a new strong halogen bond.
An interface engineering strategy of MoS2/perovskite oxide as a bifunctional catalyst to boost overall water splitting
Authors: Zhao Ya-Nan , Sun Ning , Xu Siqi , Min Shengkang , Dong Huilong , Li Jun , Liu Changhai , Chen Zhidong
Published: March 2024

A La0.6Sr0.4CoO3/MoS2 composite electrocatalyst was prepared by a sol–gel method and subsequent dry ball milling for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline conditions.
High-flux charge transfer layer confers a solid electrolyte interphase with uniform and rich LiF for stable lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhao Haijie , Peng Yumeng , Liu Xianbin , Du Shibo , Yu Yiyao , Liu Ting , Yin Yanhong , Attia Sayed Y. , Li Yesheng , Wu Ziping
Published: March 2024

A prepared high-flux charge transfer layer (HCTL) of GrGO/CNT film, with excellent electron/ion kinetic processes, induced a thinner and more uniform LiF-rich SEI. Then Li/HCTL electrode exhibited highly reversible stripping/deposition behaviors.
Coordinated optimization of source‐grid‐load‐storage for wind power grid‐connected and mobile energy storage characteristics of electric vehicles
Authors: Li Yingliang , Dong Zhiwei
Published: March 2024

The rapid growth in the number of electric vehicles (EVs), driven by the ‘double‐carbon’ target, and the impact of uncontrolled charging and discharging behaviour and discharged battery losses severely limit electric vehicles’ low carbon characteristics. Existing research on systemic low‐carbon emissions and electric vehicle charging and discharging issues is usually determined by considering only carbon trading markets or charging and discharging management on the source side. In this regard, a coordinated and optimized operation model that considers the participation of electric vehicle clusters in deep peaking and the source network load and storage adjustable resources is proposed. The upper layer establishes a real‐time price‐based demand response mechanism for the load side with the minimum net load fluctuation as the objective function; the middle layer establishes a comprehensive operation mechanism for the source and storage side that includes an orderly charging and discharging peaking compensation mechanism for electric vehicles, and a deep peaking mechanism that takes into account clean emission, and constructs an optimal operation model with the minimum comprehensive operating cost as the objective function; the lower layer establishes a distribution network loss minimization model for the network side that takes into account the orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicle as the objective function. The optimal load model with the objective function of minimizing the distribution network loss is established at the lower level. Finally, the original problem is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem, and the model's effectiveness is verified by setting different scenarios. The model reduces the total cost by 22.22%, improves the wind power consumption rate by 19.55%, reduces the actual carbon emission by 16.66%, and reduces the distribution network loss by 13.91% compared to the basic model.
Solar wind effect on the multi-fluid plasma expansion in the Venusian upper ionosphere
Authors: Salem S. , Moslem W. M. , Fichtner H. , Lazar M.
Published: March 2024

Inspired by the observations suggesting that at altitudes of about 1000 km the interaction between solar wind streams and Venus’ ionosphere plasma leads to ions acceleration and outflow, the influence of different solar wind physical parameters, such as densities, temperatures and initial streaming velocities, has been studied. The ionosphere plasma system consists of two positive ion populations O+, H+ and electrons along with the solar wind streaming protons and electrons. We calculated the generated oxygen and hydrogen ions flow velocities and the electric fields. In addition, we calculated rough estimates for the escaping flux of ion populations (O+, H+) from Venus’ ionosphere and compared them to observations. To a large extent, we found that the estimates match. We also discuss the relevance of ionospheric ion acceleration and outflow from Venus’ upper.
Detailed chemical composition of the globular cluster Sextans A GC-1 on the outskirts of the Local Group
Authors: Gvozdenko A. , Larsen S. S. , Beasley M. A. , Cabrera-Ziri I. , Eitner P. , Battaglia G. , Leaman R.
Published: March 2024

Context. The chemical composition of globular clusters (GCs) across the Local Group provides information on chemical abundance trends. Studying GCs in isolated systems in particular provides us with important initial conditions plausibly unperturbed by mergers and tidal forces from the large Local Group spirals.

Aims. We present a detailed chemical abundance analysis of Sextans A GC-1. The host galaxy, Sextans A, is a low-surface-brightness dwarf irregular galaxy located on the edge of the Local Group. We derive the dynamical mass of the GC together with the mass-to-light ratio and the abundances of the α, Fe-peak, and heavy elements.

Methods. Abundance ratios were determined from the analysis of an optical integrated-light spectrum of Sextans A GC-1, obtained with UVES on the VLT. We apply non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) corrections to Mg, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Ni.

Results. The GC appears to be younger and more metal-poor than the majority of the GCs of the Milky Way, with an age of 8.6 ± 2.7 Gyr and [Fe/H] = −2.14 ± 0.04 dex. The calculated dynamical mass is Mdyn = (5.18 ± 1.62)×105 M⊙, which results in an atypically high value of the mass-to-light ratio, 4.35 ± 1.40 M⊙/LV⊙. Sextans A GC-1 has varying α elements – the Mg abundance is extremely low, Ca and Ti are solar-scaled or mildly enhanced, and Si is enhanced. The measured values are [Mg/Fe] = −0.79 ± 0.29, [Ca/Fe] = +0.13 ± 0.07, [Ti/Fe] = +0.27 ± 0.11, and [Si/Fe] = +0.62 ± 0.26, which makes the mean α abundance (excluding Mg) to be enhanced [⟨Si, Ca, Ti⟩/Fe]NLTE = +0.34 ± 0.15. The Fe-peak elements are consistent with scaled-solar or slightly enhanced abundances: [Cr/Fe] = +0.31 ± 0.18, [Mn/Fe] = +0.19 ± 0.32, [Sc/Fe] = +0.22 ± 0.22, and [Ni/Fe] = +0.02 ± 0.12. The heavy elements measured are Ba, Cu, Zn, and Eu. Ba and Cu have sub-solar abundance ratios ([Ba/Fe] = −0.48 ± 0.21 and [Cu/Fe] < −0.343), while Zn and Eu are consistent with their upper limits being solar-scaled and enhanced, [Zn/Fe] < +0.171 and [Eu/Fe] < +0.766.

Conclusions. The composition of Sextans A GC-1 resembles the overall pattern and behaviour of GCs in the Local Group. The anomalous values are the mass-to-light ratio and the depleted abundance of Mg. There is no definite explanation for such an extreme abundance value. Variations in the initial mass function or the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole might explain the high mass-to-light ratio value.
Spectral characterization of young LT dwarfs
Authors: Piscarreta L. , Mužić K. , Almendros-Abad V. , Scholz A.
Published: March 2024

Context. JWST and next-generation facilities are expected to uncover populations of free-floating objects below the deuterium-burning limit in a number of young clusters and star-forming regions. These young planetary-mass brown dwarfs have spectral types L and T; they are shaped by molecular absorption and modified by their low gravity, which makes them distinct from field objects.

Aims. We aim to provide a detailed characterization of near-infrared spectra for young LT brown dwarfs, including robust spectral typing, calibrating spectral indices, identifying possible binaries, and selecting suitable spectral standards.

Methods. We processed and analyzed archival spectra from VLT/X-shooter for a sample of 56 dwarfs with ages between 10 and 600 Myr and spectral types between late-M and mid-T. We redetermined their spectral types by comparing them with a set of literature templates. We assessed a large range of spectral indices, calibrated using a specifically designed literature sample.

Results. We identify 15 spectral indices that are useful for spectral typing for specific spectral ranges discussed here and provide the scaling relations with spectral types. We also identify six spectral indices that can be used to separate young L dwarfs from the field ones. The equivalent-widths of the alkali lines show a correlation with age, increasing toward objects with higher surface gravities. From our sample, we confirm three that are likely to be binaries due to their anomalous spectra that appear to be better fitted by a combination of spectral types. We identify 12 objects as preliminary near-infrared spectral standards for young LT dwarfs.

Conclusions. This study represents a significant step toward understanding the spectral sequence and properties of young L and T dwarfs. The relations and standards provided here will be useful for future spectroscopic work on young brown dwarfs and giant planets.
The metal-poor edge of the Milky Way’s “thin disc”
Authors: Fernández-Alvar Emma , Kordopatis Georges , Hill Vanessa , Battaglia Giuseppina , Gallart Carme , González Rivera de la Vernhe Isaure , Thomas Guillaume , Sestito Federico , Ardern-Arentsen Anke , Martin Nicolas , Viswanathan Akshara , Starkenburg Else
Published: March 2024

Context. The emergence of the disc in our Galaxy and the relation between thick and thin disc formation and evolution is still a matter of debate. The chemo-dynamical characterization of disc stars is key to resolving this question, particularly at parameter regimes, where both disc components overlap, such as the region around [Fe/H] ∼ −0.7 corresponding to the thin disc’s metal-poor end.

Aims. In this paper, we re-assess the recent detection of a metal-poor extension of stars moving with thin-disc-like rotational velocities between −2 < [Fe/H] < −0.7, carried out on the basis of metallicity estimates obtained from photometric data and their rotational velocity distributions.

Methods. We explored the chemo-dynamical properties of metal-poor stars from the recent Gaia third data release (DR3), which includes the first catalog of metallicity estimates from the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) experiment. We complemented them with the two largest high-resolution (λ/dλ >  20 000) spectroscopic surveys available: the GALAH DR3 and the APOGEE DR17.

Results. We confirm that there are high-angular-momentum stars moving in thin-disc-like orbits, that is, with a high angular momentum of Lz/Jtot >  0.95, and close to the Galactic plane, |Zmax|< 750 pc, reaching metallicity values down to [Fe/H] ∼ −1.5. We also find tentative evidence for stars moving on such orbits at lower metallicities, down to [Fe/H] ∼ −2.5, albeit in smaller numbers. Based on their chemical trends, thin-disc-like stars with [Fe/H] < −1 would have formed in a medium that is less chemically evolved than the bulk of the thick disc. Stars with chemical abundances typical of the thin disc appear at metallicities between −1 < [Fe/H] < −0.7.
Very long baseline interferometry observations of the high-redshift X-ray-bright blazar SRGE J170245.3+130104
Authors: Liu Yuanqi , An Tao , Guo Shaoguang , Zhang Yingkang , Wang Ailing , Xu Zhijun , Khorunzhev Georgii , Sotnikova Yulia , Mufakharov Timur , Mikhailov Alexander , Mingaliev Marat
Published: March 2024

Aims. The X-ray luminous and radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) SRGE J170245.3+130104 discovered at z ∼ 5.5 provides unique chances to probe the growth and evolution of a supermassice black hole (SMBH) with powerful jets in the early Universe.

Methods. We present 1.35 − 5.1 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) results regarding the radio continuum emission and a spectral analysis of this quasar in a low-flux-density state.

Results. This source is unresolved at three frequencies, with total flux densities of 8.35 ± 0.09 Jy beam−1, 7.47 ± 0.08 Jy beam−1, and 6.57 ± 0.02 Jy beam−1 at 1.73 GHz, 2.26 GHz, and 4.87 GHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the brightness temperature is higher than 109 K.

Conclusions. Compared with previous radio observations with arcsecond-scale resolution, nearly all the radio emission from this source is concentrated in the very central milliarcsecond (mas) scale area. We confirm this source is a bright blazar at z > 5. This young AGN provides a great opportunity to understand the mechanisms behind the generation of strong jets in the early Universe.
Development and research of an intelligent diagnostic system for equipment of electric power complexes
Authors: Bashirov Mussa , Akchurin Damir , Volkova Olga , Golovanov Daniil , Fayzullina Adelya , Sharafutdinov Ilfat
Published: March 2024

Intelligent systems represent a new direction in the electrical power industry, and training students in this area requires appropriate updating of curricula and laboratory equipment. In this regard, it is necessary to create educational and research complexes in special disciplines to train specialists in intelligent electric power systems. This article presents an educational and research laboratory complex with elements of artificial intelligence for diagnosing the technical condition of equipment in electric power complexes. A free version of the IDE was used as an integrated development environment, which provides the basic functions and tools necessary for developing and debugging Python projects. The software part of the complex has been developed, including a digital twin of the laboratory installation, an executive part and a neural network model.
Development and research of intelligent decision support systems and expert systems in the electric power industry
Authors: Bashirov Mussa , Bashirova Elmira , Usmanov Marsel , Vagapov Ilnur , Kuzmina Alexandra
Published: March 2024

Research aimed at the design and development of artificial intelligence systems is currently in great demand. These systems have gained particular popularity when integrated into complex multi-level technical complexes, which include energy industry facilities. The introduction of modern information processes for the rapid processing of technical information makes it possible to develop and implement expert systems for developing generative management decisions using an artificial intelligence system. Such modern approaches in the field of digitalization and information processing, such as the creation of digital twins of physical objects, allow for research and qualitative assessment of management decisions when implementing expert systems.
Structural method for increasing the accuracy of converting parameters of the complex resistance of traction power supply objects into a time-frequency signal
Authors: Yakubov Mirjalil , Jurayeva Kamila , Saidvaliev Saidaziz
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the principles of operation of quasi-balanced bridge converters with closely inductive couplings between the arms, having an extended range and maximum sensitivity by creating a parametric auto-resonant mode by changing the supply frequency of the measuring bridge. To reduce the errors of the conversion elements, a conversion algorithm based on a mathematical model is proposed, and a schematic diagram of a capacitive sensor parameter into code using a microcontroller is given.
Creation of a classification of power electromagnetic pulse systems taking into account the theory of a single spatial electromagnetic field
Authors: Khalikov Abdulhak , Ibragimova Ozoda , Adilova Nazdana
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of the analysis and creation of a classification of power electromagnetic pulse systems based on the theory of a single spatial electromagnetic field developed by the authors. The purpose of the work is to study the phenomena in a single spatial electromagnetic field disinfection of water with a single spatial electromagnetic field, the theory of a single spatial field involves the interaction of four fields: pulsed electromagnetic, pulsed electric, permanent magnetic and gravitational. The theory of a single spatial field is substantiated, which allows us to consider the issues of effective disinfection, desalination and purification of water, as well as to study the influence of electric, magnetic fields and electromagnetic waves on physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in liquids.
Morphogenesis of growth processes of Ligustrum L. in the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Yekaterinburg
Authors: Tishkina Elena , Semkina Lydia
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the duration of phenophases of two species - Ligustrum vulgare L. and Ligustrum ibota Siebold et Zucc. in the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Russian Academy of Sciences. The patterns of growth of annual vegetative shoots have been established. The average duration of growth and development of branching shoots ranges from 112 days in Ligustrum ibota to 126 days in Ligustrum vulgare. Features of the mechanisms of apical growth of vegetative shoots are manifested in the form of differences and similarities in growth rhythms. Apical growth has similar curves of seasonal dynamics in shape and is characterized by synchrony in Ligustrum vulgare, which may indicate the similarity of their mechanisms in different shoots. There are also specific characteristics in the growth rate of privets; of the two species, Ligustrum vulgare is characterized by a high rate of apical and radial growth.
Study of the formation of carbon dioxide hydrate in a colloidal solution of water + SDS + SiO2 at a constant SiO2 concentration of 500 ppm
Authors: Shemeleva Elizaveta , Osipov Anton
Published: March 2024

The paper presents a study of the formation of gas hydrate in a colloidal solution of water + SDS + SiO2. The effect of the kinetic promoter of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the process of hydrate formation was studied at various concentrations: 0, 100, 300, 500 ppm at a constant SiO2 concentration of 500 ppm. A description of the experimental research methodology is given, the dependences of pressure and temperature changes on time for each SDS concentration are shown, and the coefficients of conversion of water and gas into the gas hydrate state are determined. The studies were carried out using carbon dioxide as a hydrate-forming gas.
Dynamics of the ecological structure of fauna birds in lake Baikal hollow (late XYII – early XXI centuries)
Authors: Mel’nikov Yuriy
Published: March 2024

The work was performed in the hollow of Lake Baikal (1965-2023). For comparative analysis, the generalizing materials of T.N. Gagina (the end of the XYII – the first half of the XX centuries) were used. By this author, the hollow of Lake Baikal was not identified as an independent ornithogeographic unit and was part of several ornithogeographic sites. At the same time, the hollow differs from the surrounding territories in terms of a complex of physical and geographical conditions and represents a united region. It should be considered as an independent zoogeographic unit – the Baikal complex. Modern climate warming has had a strong impact on the bird fauna of the region. Their fauna increased by 106 species in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries and now amounts to 427 species of birds (previously 321 species). It should be borne in mind that a slight warming has been observed since the middle of the XVIII century. By the middle of the 20th century, 57 vagrant species had already been recorded here, which clearly expanded the area. However, most of the new species appeared towards the end of the last century and were associated with a series of large, extensive and frequently recurring droughts, followed by long periods of low water, in Central Asia. The process of eviction of birds continues, but at a very slow pace. Few species, ichthyophages and insectivorous, have reached high numbers in the new areas. The remaining species are found in limited numbers as vagrant birds. As a result, the species diversity of birds in the hollow of Lake Baikal has sharply increased, but the number of their main part has remained low.
Climatic changes in the forest and steppe zones of the Volga region and the Urals
Authors: Nesterenko Yuri , Solomatin Nikolai , Nesterenko Maxim
Published: March 2024

The article analyses the dynamics of changes in the main components of the climate. The variability and cyclicity of the climate and the weather conditions forming it by year, autumn-winter period and vegetation period of grain crops on arable lands in the forest and steppe zones of the Volga region and the Urals for the entire period of meteorological observations is studied. Differences in the rates of climate change over time and by seasons have been revealed. Annual precipitation, on average in 1887-2020, per 100 years, increased by 55 mm, mainly due to precipitation in winter. The average annual air temperature increased by 1.8 °C, the average air temperature in winter by 2.3 °C and the average air temperature in summer by 1 °C. The air temperature in the steppe zone increases 20% faster compared to the forest zone.
Some ways to wildlife research in a megalopolis (on the example of the city of Nizhny Novgorod)
Authors: Bakka Sergey , Kiseleva Nadezhda , Sobolev Nikolay , Galustyan Olga , Shestakova Anna , Krotova Elena
Published: March 2024

The paper is aimed to characterize the abundance of wildlife species listed in the Red Data Books of Russia and the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast on the territory of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, a megalopolis located in the geographical center of European Russia, to identify particular areas as habitats of rare species, to justify the need for protection of these areas. The analysis was based on the results of the authors’ surveys, published data, stock information (since the end of the XIX century), facts collected by the methods of citizen science. We have been developed the database containing 938 units of information about the registrations of 119 rare wildlife species in the city and identified 37 areas as the most important habitats of rare wildlife species, the human transformation of which should be avoided or requires special attention to the conservation of rare wildlife species and their habitats. We have proposed the matrix to estimate the degree of protection of urban habitats of rare wildlife species. Today, the habitats of a third of rare species are not protected by law. If all 37 identified natural areas are adopted as protected, more than 82% of rare urban species will be provided with territorial protection in full or at a high level.
Thermal decomposition of sulfur brown coal
Authors: Tsvetkova Yuliya , Kislov Vladimir , Zaichenko Andrey , Tsvetkov Maxim , Salgansky Eugeny , Podlesniy Dmitry
Published: March 2024

The influence of heating rate, temperature and particle size of sulfur brown coal from the Moscow region on the yield of coke residue and its elemental composition was studied. The results can be useful in choosing a rational way of using the presented coals from the energy and ecology point of view.
Analysis of enhanced oil recovery using radial drilling technology
Authors: Gilyazetdinov Ruslan , Minnivaleev Timur , Gizzatullina Alina , Minnivaleev Arthur
Published: March 2024

The study considers the radial drilling technology, which is used to increase the oil recovery factor in fields in the late stage of development. The composition and technical characteristics of the radial drilling unit are described, recommendations for radial drilling (RD) are given. The paper presents the test results of the technology in the conditions of the Perm Territory and the Republic of Uzbekistan, indicating its high efficiency.
Assessment of the level of soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons (Using the example of oil-contaminated soils in the Aral Sea region)
Authors: Narmanova Rosa , Darmaganbet Klara , Askarova Gulzat , Kuzhamberdieva Svetlana , Suleimenov Nurzhan
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of research of the hydrocarbon composition of petroleum extracted from contaminated soils of oil fields in the Aral Sea region. The work has been carried out to assess the level of contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons and determine various approaches to their remediation, taking into account the nature of their use. The gravimetric method has been used to determine the oil content in contaminated soil, which is 66866.60 mg/kg and 26296.66 mg/kg for the soil of the Kumkol and Taur oil fields, respectively.Using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer “Agilent” - 7890A/5975C, the petroleum hydrocarbon compositionin soil samples has been studied. Based on the research findings, it has been determined that oil extracted from contaminated soil of the Kumkol field contains 80.10% alkanes, 6.10% naphthenes and 5.90% arenes. Oil extracted from contaminated soil of the Taur field contains 85.39% alkanes, 6.70% naphthenes and 0.59% arenes. Also, the studied oil samples contain oxygen-, sulfur-, and halogen-containing hydrocarbon derivatives in the ratio of 7.90 and 7.32, respectively.The results of gravimetric and chromatographic analysis ofpetroleumextracted from contaminated soil show that the level of soil contamination with residual petroleum products creates a dangerous level of benz(a)pyrene formation and the substrate acquires toxicity properties. Very negative conditions for the development of zonal plants, a nonequilibrium maximum optimum for oil-oxidizing microorganismsare formed. The water and air regime of soils changes and full-scale remediationactions and activation of the microbial communityare required. It is necessary to control the migration of petroleum hydrocarbons, especially benz(a)pyrene. From the point of view of environmental protection, a certain approach to their remediation is required, taking into account the nature of use.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Fraud: A bibliometric study and systematic literature review
Authors: Tarjo Tarjo , Anggono Alexander , Said Jamaliah , Sakti Eklamsia
Published: March 2024

This research explores the application of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) fraud. This research also describes the trends and developments in ESG fraud from year to year. Apart from that, this research explains trends in research methods, research objects, the ESG fraud triangle, and ESG fraud schemes. To achieve all these objectives, the research methods used are bibliometrics and systematic literature review. The analytical tool used is MS. Excel and VOSviewer. The number of papers in the research sample was 66 papers. These articles contain controversial issues regarding the implementation of ESG, company performance and audits. The research results prove that the pandemic is vital in developing ESG fraud. When the pandemic hit, many researchers started researching ESG fraud, and at its peak, when the pandemic was over, there were still many researchers studying ESG fraud. There are two main findings in the research. First, pressure is a factor that often causes companies to practice ESG fraud. Second, non-financial reporting fraud schemes are often used to carry out ESG fraud practices.
Do village funds have an influence on poverty alleviation in the village?
Authors: Sutikno  , Hanapi Mohd Syukri , Idealis Alifah Rohmah
Published: March 2024

The Concept of Inclusive Economic Development is an economic development concept that creates broad access and opportunities for all levels of society as a whole, improves welfare, and reduces disparities between groups and regions. Based on the Inclusive Economic Development Index, regionally the districts on Madura Island are classified as low. Bangkalan Regency is ranked 38th out of 38 districts/cities in the East Java administrative region. Meanwhile, the other 3 districts, namely Sampang, Pamekesan and Sumenep, were ranked 37th, 35th and 34th respectively. Based on this data, it shows that four districts in Madura are classified as underdeveloped areas compared to 38 districts/cities in East Java Province. This study will analyze the factors that influence poverty from the No Poverty Village Index indicator. The research objects were 961 villages in four districts on Madura Island. The data used in this research is secondary data published by the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration. The variables that will be tested for their influence on the Village Index Without Poverty include: Amount of Village Funds, Healthy and Prosperous Village Index, Village Education Quality Index, Equitable Village Economic Growth Index, Village Infrastructure Index According to Innovation and Infrastructure Needs, Partnership Index for Village Development, Dynamic Village Institutional Index and Adaptive Village Culture, as well as the Peaceful and Fair Village Index. The results of the regression analysis show that the Village Education Quality Index variable and the Equitable Village Economic Growth Index variable have a significant effect on reducing poverty. Meanwhile, the other six dependent variables, namely: Amount of Village Funds, Healthy and Prosperous Village Index, Village Infrastructure and Innovation Index According to Needs, Village Development Partnership Index, Dynamic Village Institutions Index and Adaptive Village Culture, and Peaceful and Fair Villages, do not have a significant effect on reducing rural poverty on the island of Madura.
Geometric analysis of pontoon and mooring line towards hydrodynamic response
Authors: H. Daniel H. , A. Haryo D. , R. Fandy A.
Published: March 2024

Floating Photovoltaics (FPV) are renewable energy producing technological breaktroughs whic are suitable to circumtances of lakes across Indonesia. The core of this technology is the function of working transformers installed on the pontoons. An FPV with 145 Mwac capacity is designed to run on Cirata weir by utilizing pontoons with the length of 16.5 meters. The hydrodynamic response in the form of plane and rotation movements due to surrounding loads (including but not limited to wave, wind and sea depth data) calculated by using Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) concept. The wave period measured in meter from 0 to 180 ° incoming degree, the biggest translational response comes from pontoon i.e 0.986 (m/m) in sway direction, spread mooring is used to limit the pontoon’s movement. Using weighing concept, in operating condition Tension Mooring Line is obtained at the value of 1.67 for pontoon. While in extreme condition the obtained value is 2.5.