bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of lab-scale production of microalgal carbohydrates for biofuel production
Authors: Jerez-Mogollón Silvia-Juliana , Rueda-Quiñonez Laura-Viviana , Alfonso-Velazco Laura-Yulexi , Barajas-Solano Andrés-Fernando , Barajas-Ferreira Crisóstomo , Kafarov Viatcheslav
Published: January 2020

This work studied the improvement of biomass and carbohydrate (glucose and xylose) lab–scale productivity in Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803 through the use of the carbon/nitrogen ratio. In order to do so, mixotrophic cultures were made by the modification of initial concentration of CH3COONa (5, 10 and 20 mM) and NaNO3 (0.97, 1.94 and 2.94 mM). All treatments were maintained at 23 ± 1ºC, with light/dark cycles of 12h : 12h for 5 days.It was found that in addition to the carbon/nitrogen ratio, time also influences the concentration of biomass and carbohydrates. The treatment containing 10 mM acetate: 1.94 mM nitrate, reached a concentration of 0.79 g/L of biomass, 76.9 μg/mL of xylose and 73.7 μg/mL of glucose in the fifth day. However, the treatmentcontaining 20 mM acetate: 0.97 mM nitrate produced 1.04 g/L of biomass, 78.9 μg/mL of xylose and 77.2 μg/mL of glucose in the third day, while in the same day the treatment containing 0 mM acetate: 2.94 mM nitrate, produced 0.55 g/L of biomass, 40.2 μg/mL of xylose and 31.3 μg/mL of glucose.The use of carbon/nitrogen ratios improved biomass productivity (from 0.55 to 1.04 g/L) as well as xylose (from 40.2 to 78.9 μg/mL) and glucose (from 31.3 to 77.2 μg/mL) concentration, representing an improvement of up to two times the production of both biomass and carbohydrates in only 3 days of culture.
Particle matter from a diesel engine fueled with Jatropha curcas oil biodiesel and ultra-low sulphur diesel
Authors: Acevedo-Gamboa Helmer-Rodolfo , Flórez-Serrano Elkin-Greforio
Published: January 2020

Biodiesels are promoted as alternative fuels due to their potential to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and carbon emissions. Research in this field has focused on the study of the emissions of light duty vehicles. However, particle matter and gaseous emissions emitted from heavy-duty diesel engines fueled by Jatropha Oil Biodiesel (JOB) and Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD) has not been studied. The objective of this study is to explore the performance and emission levels of a Cummins 4-stroke, 4.8 liter, 4-cylinder diesel engine with common rail fuel injection, equipped with a cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). There was a substantial reduction by the use of JOB in unburned hydrocarbons (- 45%), carbon monoxide (- 75%), and particulate matter (- 25%) compared to emission from diesel fuel. At mid and high loads, NOx emissions were higher for JOB compared to ULSD. Most of the particles (64%) for ULSD were in a range of between 40 and 560 nm. On the other hand, most of the particles (94%) for JCB mode were between 6 and 40 nm.

In the range between 6 and 40 nm, mass mean diameters in ULSD were 34.4, 34.7 and 33.3 nm while for JOB they were 21.3, 18.2 and 20.1 nm for 100, 50 for a 10% load, respectively.
Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus sp. from biodiesel derived raw glycerol
Authors: Prada-Palomo Yessica , Romero-Vanegas Marly , Díaz-Ruíz Pedro , Molina-Velasco Daniel , Guzmán-Luna Carolina
Published: January 2020

Lactic Acid (LA) is a versatile compound with extensive industrial usage. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are renowned for their capacity to ferment carbohydrates to LA. In the biodiesel industry, bioconversion of residual glycerol to monomers of biopolymers, such as LA, is an alternative for usage of this waste as raw material to produce a high value added biotechnological compound. This research evaluates LA production through fermentation processes using a Lactobacillus sp. native strain and raw glycerol from the biodiesel industry. Native strain was isolated from the processing of dairy, fruit, and vegetable products and through cultures in Man, Rogosa & Sharpe agar (MRS). After an adaptation phase, the fermentative capability of the strain was evaluated through chemical quantification of metabolites using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR); fermentative potential was compared with a Lactobacillus sp. reference strain (ATCC 7469). The native strain Lactobacillus sp. CYP4 showed a higher bioconversion potential (LA concentration: 39.41 mM, conversion percentage: 39.27%, at 24 h, volumetric productivity: 1.28 g.L-1.h-1, yield: 0.71 g·g-1) from raw glycerol, when compared to the reference strain.
Transient pressure analysis for vertical wells with spherical power-law flow
Authors: Humberto Escobar Freddy , Martínez Javier-Andrés , Bonilla Luis-Fernando
Published: January 2020

Heavy oil is considered nowadays as one of the unconventional reservoirs of main interest in the oil industry. Some of them display non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior which mathematical modeling differs from the conventional case and, therefore, the flow regimes display some particular behaviors.Fracturing fluids, foams, some fluids for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and drilling muds can also fall into this category. The spherical/hemispherical flow mainly caused by partial completion/penetration deserves a particular treatment for pseudoplastic flow. A single research for this case was found in the literature to introduce only its mathematical model.

The pressure and pressure derivative behavior of spherical/hemispherical flow behavior of a slightly compressible, non-Newtonian power-law fluid (pseudoplastic) is studied in this work and conventional and Tiab’s Direct Synthesis (TDS) methodologies are extended for well test interpretation purposes. For pseudoplastic spherical/ hemispherical flow, the slope of the pressure derivative is no longer -½, besides it changes with the value of flow behavior index n, which indicates that the interpretation of pressure data for the dealt systems through the use of traditional methods should not be accurate. New Equations are introduced to estimate spherical/ hemispherical permeability and spherical/hemispherical skin factor for the systems under consideration. The Equations were successfully verified by its application to synthetic cases.
Pressure and pressure derivative analysis for non-newtonian pseudoplastic fluids in double-porosity formations
Authors: Escobar Freddy-Humberto , Zambrano Angela-Patricia , Giraldo Diana-Vanessa , Cantillo José-Humberto
Published: January 2020

Non-Newtonian fluids are often used during various drilling, workover and enhanced oil recovery processes. Most of the fracturing fluids injected into reservoir-bearing formations possess non-Newtonian nature and these fluids are often approximated by Newtonian fluid flow models. In the field of well testing, several analytical and numerical models taking into account Bingham, pseudoplastic and dilatant non-Newtonian behavior have been introduced in the literature to study their transient nature in porous media for a better reservoir characterization. Most of them deal with fracture wells and homogeneous formations and well test interpretation is conducted via the straight-line conventional analysis or type-curve matching. Only a few studies consider the pressure derivative analysis. However, there exists a need of a more practical and accurate way of characterizing such systems. So far, it does not exist any methodology to characterize heterogeneous formation bearing non-Newtonian fluids through of well test analysis.  In this study, an interpretation methodology using the pressure and pressure derivative log-log plot is presented for non-Newtonian fluids in naturally fractured formations, so the dimensionless fracture storativity ratio, ω, and interporosity flow parameter, λ, are obtained from characteristics points found on such plot. The developed equations and correlations are successfully verified by their application only to synthetic well test data since no actual field data are available. A good match is found between the results provided by the proposed technique and the values used to generate the simulated data.
Kebahagiaan Dosen UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Authors: Fithri Rizma
Published: January 2020

Abstract           : The purpose of this research to understand the picture of the happiness lecturer of civil servants and non-civil servants are there surroundings Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya country. The sample used as many as 75 of the subject lecturer of civil servants and non-civil servants, with random sampling techniques in 9 faculties. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results of this study brings out the score's happiness of any professors of civil servants or non civil servants of 9 faculties, score range from number 1-6. Score 1-2 illustrates the level of happiness "was not happy"; score 2-3 illustrates the level of happiness "rather unhappy"; score 3-4 illustrates levels of happiness "very unhappy"; 4 describe the level of happiness "somewhat happy" score 4-5 illustrates the level of happiness "pretty happy"; score 5-6 illustrates the level of happiness "was very happy"; and 6 describe the level of happiness "too happy", as well as the analysis of the answers to open questions that have been answered by the subject. On the subject of civil servants, there are 8 subjects who have levels of happiness "very unhappy"; 6 subjects who have levels of happiness "somewhat happy"; 39 subjects who have levels of happiness "pretty happy"; and 1 subjects who have levels of happiness "very happy". While in a non civil servants, lecturers there are three subjects who have levels of happiness "very unhappy"; 3 subjects who have levels of happiness "somewhat happy"; and 15 subjects who have levels of happiness "quite happy".

 

Keyword          : Happiness, Lecturer at the Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya country
Post Traumatic Growth pada Wanita yang Bercerai
Authors: Asiyah Siti nur , Amalia Risna
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan post traumatic growth menuju perubahan yang positif pada wanita pasca perceraian. Selanjutnya, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi post traumatic growth menuju perubahan hidup yang positif pada individu setelah perceraian. Partisipan pada penelitian ini terdapat 3 subjek yakni dengan karakteristik jenis kelamin perempuan, telah bercerai, usia dewasa awal (20-30 tahun) dan telah mengalami post traumatic growth. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif yang berlandaskan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa hal yang menunjang gambaran post traumatic growth dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi post traumatic growth yang meliputi pengolahan emosi yang baik serta menumbuhkan motivasi dalam diri akan kemungkinan-kemungkinan baru. Kemudian terdapat dua faktor utama yang mempengaruhi aspek post traumatic growth pada wanita yang bercerai. Faktor eksternal adalah dorongan dan motivasi kedua orang tua serta dukungan dari teman-teman terdekat sehingga memicu penguatan faktor internal yang meliputi, faktor peningkatan spiritualitas, kekuatan dalam diri dan relasi sosial semakin baik.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan post traumatic growth menuju perubahan yang positif pada wanita pasca perceraian. Selanjutnya, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi post traumatic growth menuju perubahan hidup yang positif pada individu setelah perceraian. Partisipan pada penelitian ini terdapat 3 subjek yakni dengan karakteristik jenis kelamin perempuan, telah bercerai, usia dewasa awal (20-30 tahun) dan telah mengalami post traumatic growth. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif yang berlandaskan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa hal yang menunjang gambaran post traumatic growth dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi post traumatic growth yang meliputi pengolahan emosi yang baik serta menumbuhkan motivasi dalam diri akan kemungkinan-kemungkinan baru. Kemudian terdapat dua faktor utama yang mempengaruhi aspek post traumatic growth pada wanita yang bercerai. Faktor eksternal adalah dorongan dan motivasi kedua orang tua serta dukungan dari teman-teman terdekat sehingga memicu penguatan faktor internal yang meliputi, faktor peningkatan spiritualitas, kekuatan dalam diri dan relasi sosial semakin baik.
Efikasi Diri dan Dukungan Sosial Guru dengan Kematangan Karir Siswa
Authors: Fransisca Erlina , Suryanto Suryanto , Matulessy Andik
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara efikasi diri dan dukungan sosial guru dengan kematangan karir siswa SMK “X” Pare, Kediri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas X SMK “X” Pare, Kediri, Sampel penelitian sebanyak 89 siswa, yang diperoleh melalui sampling sistematis. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah skala Kematangan Karir, skala Efikasi Diri, dan skala Dukungan Sosial Guru. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan positif yang signifikan antara efikasi diri dan dukungan sosial guru dengan kematangan karir siswa, ada hubungan positif yang signifikan antara efikasi diri dengan kematangan karir siswa  dan tidak ada hubungan positif yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial guru dengan kematangan karir siswa. Kematangan karir siswa dapat diprediksi dengan efikasi diri, oleh karena itu disarankan siswa perlu mengembangkan efikasi dirinya sehingga memiliki kematangan karir yang baik. Walaupun dukungan sosial guru tidak secara langsung signifikan, tetapi masih perlu diperhatikan, sebab bagaimanapun peran lingkungan diperlukan untuk peningkatan kematangan karir.
Modal Sosial dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Desa Wisata Tamansari di Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Puspitaningrum Eka , Lubis Djuara P
Published: January 2020

Development can not be defined just only in terms of increasing access to resources or improving welfare, but also concerning how the benefits of the development are perceived by society as the main of development subject, especially in the tourism village development. In the implementation, the tourism village development requires social capital and active participation from the community. This research aims to identify the correlation of social capital and community participation in the tourism village development in Tamansari Village, Banyuwangi District. The results of research through the statistical tests showed that there is a strong correlation between the level of community participation with the level of tourism village development, and there is a sufficient correlation between the level of social capital with the level of community participation. This is due to the high driving factors of participation and social capital owned by the community so that the community has a good involvement in the implementation of the tourism village development in Tamansari Village.Keyword :driving participation factors, ocsial capital, participation, tourism village development ABSTRAKPembangunan tidak dapat didefinisikan hanya dalam arti peningkatan akses terhadap suatu sumber daya ataupun peningkatan kesejahteraan, tetapi juga menyangkut pada bagaimana manfaat itu dirasakan oleh masyarakat sebagai subjek pembangunan terutama dalam pembangunan desa wisata. Dalam pelaksanaannya, pembangunan desa wisata membutuhkan modal sosial dan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan modal sosial dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa wisata di Desa Tamansari Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh melalui uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan kuat antara tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dengan tingkat pembangunan desa wisata dan terdapat hubungan yang cukup antara tingkat modal sosial dengan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat. Hal ini dikarenakan tingginya faktor pendorong partisipasi serta modal sosial yang dimiliki masyarakat, sehingga masyarakat memiliki keterlibatan yang baik dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan desa wisata di Desa Tamansari.Kata kunci: faktor pendorong partisipasi, modal sosial, partisipasi, pembangunan desa wisata
Hubungan Partisipasi Masyarakat dengan Keberlanjutan Ekologi, Sosial-Budaya dan Ekonomi dalam Ekowisata Religi
Authors: Rachman Mohammad Irfan , Mardiana Rina
Published: January 2020

Community-based ecotourism is a rural development through a tourism sector that not only sell natural resources but also contributes to environmental conservation and the active participation of communities as managers. The religious ecotourism of Kampung Batusuhunan is tourism that prioritizes the conservation of the environment by combining religious culture and the community's participation. The objective of this reseach is to analyze the relationship of community participation with the sustainability of ecology, socio-cultural and economic used quantitative research methods supported by qualitative data. The results of the research showed there is a strong and significant relationship between community participation with socio-cultural sustainability, while community participation with ecology and economic sustainability shows a moderate and significant correlation. Keywords : community’s empowerment, co-management, ecotourism, sustainability ABSTRAKEkowisata berbasis masyarakat merupakan pengembangan pedesaan melalui sektor pariwisata yang tidak hanya menjual sumberdaya wisata yang masih alami, namun juga berkontribusi terhadap upaya konservasi lingkungan serta peningkatan partisipasi aktif masyarakat sebagai pengelola. Ekowisata religi Kampung Batusuhunan merupakan pariwisata yang mengedepankan konservasi lingkungan dengan memadukan kebudayaan agama serta partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan partisipasi masyarakat dengan keberlanjutan ekologi, sosial-budaya dan ekonomi masyarakat dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan signifikan antara partisipasi masyarakat dengan keberlanjutan sosial-budaya, sedangkan partisipasi masyarakat dengan keberlanjutan ekologi dan keberlanjutan ekonomi menunjukkan hubungan yang cukup dan signifikan.Kata Kunci : ekowisata, keberlanjutan, pengelolaan, pemberdayaan masyarakat
Partisipasi dan Efektivitas Pengembangan Ekonomi Mikro Pinjaman Bergulir BUMDES di Desa Cilebut Barat Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Satia Siti Ramlah , Sadono Dwi
Published: January 2020

Village Owned Enterprise is an economic institution established in rural Indonesia and aims to develop the economy of rural communities. Rural economic development through BUMDes is inseparable from community participation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of internal and external factors with the participation of service business unit of revolving BUMDes program; and the relationship of participation with the level of effectiveness of micro economic development of BUMDes in West Cilebut Village. This research uses a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. The number of respondents in this study were 45 respondents. The results showed that community participation in the revolving business unit of BUMDes program had low participation rate. Internal factors that have a relationship with participation is the level of income. External factors with the level of participation have a strong relationship that is the level of availability of facilities and infrastructure. This study also found that the effectiveness of the program is low. The level of participation with the effectiveness of the program that has a relationship is the goal of the program.Keywords: BUMDes, Participation Level, Program Effectiveness,  Revolving Loans ABSTRAKBadan Usaha Milik Desa adalah  sebuah lembaga ekonomi yang dibentuk di pedesaan Indonesia dan bertujuan  mengembangkan ekonomi masyarakat desa. Pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat melalui BUMDes tidak terlepas dari partisipasi masyarakat. Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor internal dan eksternal dengan partisipasi penerima layanan unit usaha pinjaman bergulir program BUMDes; serta hubungan partisipasi dengan tingkat efektivitas pengembangan ekonomi kelompok kecil BUMDes di Desa Cilebut Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 45 orang responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat dalam unit usaha pinjaman bergulir program BUMDes memiliki tingkat partisipasi rendah. Faktor internal yang  memiliki hubungan dengan partisipasi adalah tingkat pendapatan. Faktor eksternal dengan tingkat partisipasi memiliki  hubungan yang kuat yaitu tingkat ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana. Penelitian ini pun menemukan bahwa tingkat efektivitas program tergolong rendah. Tingkat partisipasi dengan tingkat efektivitas program yang memiliki hubungan adalah tujuan program.Kata Kunci: BUMDes, Pinjaman Bergulir, Tingkat Partisipasi, Efektivitas  Program
Anthropology, Museums and the Body: Lessons from an Experimental Teaching Environment
Authors: Isaac Gwyneira , Clark Kate , Adams Kelsey , Ashe Heather , Benz Katie , Cummings Delaney , Margolis Francine , Gassett David , Quink Amanda , Somberg Emily
Published: January 2020

With increased interests in solving complex problems through interdisciplinary research—how best can museums engage with and benefit from such an approach? At the same time, how can we address critical questions, methods, and ethics surrounding the study of humans within museums? In order to engage with these questions, an interdisciplinary group of curators, artists and students worked together at the Smithsonian Institution to create an experimental teaching environment to rethink the disciplinary boundaries around the study of the human body. Our aim was to use a range of anthropological, art and science collections and readings to tackle issues such as race, gender, genetics, and disability, and the historic inequities resulting from colonialism. We discuss here this endeavor, including the public program we developed—the Face Cast Lab—as well as lessons learned about who affects change through this type of museum-based teaching.
kemampuan biodegradasi bakteri selulolitik pada ekosistem mangrove
Authors: Harjuni Fiki , . Nursyirwani , Effendi Irwan
Published: January 2020

Bakteri selulolitik merupakan bakteri yang memiliki kemampuan menghidrolisis kompleks selulosa menjadi oligosakarida yang lebih kecil dan akhirnya menjadi glukosa dimana bakteri selulolitik telah banyak dikaji potensinya dalam memproduksi enzim selulase yang telah dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang, seperti pada bidang pertanian, perikanan, industri dan kedokteran . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan miroba selulolitik, mengetahui waktu optimum produksi enzim selulolitik dan bagaimana kemampuan degradasi bakteri selulolitik terpilih terhadap serasah mangrove. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2019 di Laboratorium Mirobiologi Laut Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Riau. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode survei dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis di laboratorium.  Data diperoleh melalui pengamatan dan pengukuran parameter lingkungan di lapangan, dan analisis sampel di laboratorium.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolasi, seleksi (Identifikasi mikroba pada sedimen hutan mangrove Stasiun Kelautan Dumai), diperoleh 24 isolat yang memiliki kemampuan tumbuh dalam media yang mengandung CMC dengan aktifitas seluloliti tertinggi terdapat pada isolat BS.ST2.8. Hasil karakteristik isolat bakteri selulolitik secara fenotip dan genotip diketahui bahwa ketiga isolat tersebut adalah B. toyonensis. Enzim selulase terbanyak dihasilkan oleh isolat bakteri BS.ST2.8 terjadi pada jam ke -78 setelah inkubasi. Dari hasil uji lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan beberapa dosis enzim selulase isolat BS.ST2.8 terhadap substrat serasah mangrove diketahui bahwa secara umum dapat mendegradasi serat kasar pada serasah mangrove pada dosis 50%  penurunan fraksi serat NDF, ADF, selulosa dan hemiselulosa.
PENINGKATAN POTENSI REPRODUKSI IKAN CUPANG (BETTA SPLENDENS) JANTAN MELALUI INDUKSI HORMONAL
Authors: Lestari Tuti Puji , Farida . . , Fahrurrazi Abi , Kur'ani Nur
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan dapat meningkatan waktu maturasi dan nilai maturasi induk ikan cupang jantan yang diinduksi melalui oral. Metode yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan da 3 ulangan. Dosis hormone terdiri atas 5 taraf yaitu: 0,00 mL.kg-1 induk; 0,50 mL.kg-1 induk; 1,0 mL.kg-1 induk; 1,50 mL.kg-1 induk; dan 2,0 mL.kg-1 induk. Ikan uji yang digunakan sebanyak 135 ekor ikan jantan dengan bobot 1,00-3,15 g dan sudah mencapai tingkat kematangan gonad II. Ikan diberi pakan dua kali sehari (pagi dan sore) secara at satiation selama 7 minggu. Selama masa pemeliharaan parameter yang diamati meliputi: waktu maturasi, maturase, morfologi gonad dan kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi hormone oodev melalui oral dapat meningkatkan kinerja reproduksi lebih baik (240%) dibandingkan induksi tanpa hormon. induksi hormone dalam pakan dapat menghasilkan induk matang 100%. Dengan demikian, induksi hormon 1,16 mL.kg-1 induk dapat menginduksi 2,4 kali lebih cepat.Kata kunci:Betta splendens, maturasi, Oodev, oral
Functional Connectivity of the Striatum as a Neural Correlate of Symptom Severity in Patient with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Park Junha , Kim Taekwan , Kim Minah , Lee Tae Young , Kwon Jun Soo
Published: January 2020

Objective It is well established that the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit is implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD). However, reports on corticostriatal functional connectivity (FC) in OCD have been inconsistent due to the structural and functional heterogeneity of the striatum. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated corticostriatal FC using a fine 12-seed striatal parcellation to overcome this heterogeneity and discover the neural correlates of symptoms in OCD patients.Methods We recruited 23 OCD patients and 23 healthy controls (HCs). Whole-brain FC based on striatal seeds was examined using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and compared across OCD patients and HCs. We conducted correlation analysis between FCs of striatal subregions with significant group differences and symptom severity scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A).Results Compared to HCs, patients demonstrated increased FC of the dorsal caudal putamen and ventral rostral putamen (VRP) with several cortical regions, such as the intracalcarine cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal/angular gyrus (SMG/AG), and postcentral gyrus (PCG). Furthermore, FC between the VRP and SMG/AG and between the VRP and PCG was negatively correlated with scores on the Y-BOCS compulsive subscale and the HAM-A, respectively.Conclusion These findings suggest that striatal subregions have strengthened FC with extensive cortical regions, which may reflect neural correlates of compulsive and anxious symptoms in OCD patients. These results contribute to an improved understanding of OCD pathophysiology by complementing the current evidence regarding striatal FC.
Continuous Rate Infusion of Ketamine Hydrochloride and Dexmedetomidine for Maintenance of Anesthesia during Laryngotracheal Surgery in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Sayce Lea J , Powell Maria E , Kimball Emily E , Chen Patty , Gartling Gary J , Rousseau Bernard
Published: January 2020

New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are an established in vivo model for the study of structural and functional consequences of vocal-fold vibration. Research design requires invasive laryngotracheal procedures, and the presence of laryngospasms or pain responses
(or both) hinder phonation-related data collection. Published anesthesia regimens report respiratory depression and muscle tone changes and have been unsuccessful in mitigating autonomic laryngeal responses in our protocol. Infusion of ketamine hydrochloride and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride
in pediatric medicine provides effective analgesia and sedation for laryngotracheal procedures including intubation and bronchoscopy; however, data evaluating the use of ketamine–dexmedetomidine infusion in rabbits are unavailable. This study reports a new infusion regimen, which was
used in 58 male New Zealand white rabbits that underwent a nonsurvival laryngotracheal procedure to induce phonotraumatic vocal-fold injury. Animals were sedated by using ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg IM) and dexmedetomidine (0.125 mg/kg IM). Maintenance anesthesia was provided by using
continuous rate intravenous infusion of ketamine hydrochloride (343 μg/kg/min) and dexmedetomidine (1.60 μg/kg/min). A stable plane of anesthesia with no autonomic laryngeal response (laryngospasm) was achieved in 32 of the 58 rabbits (55%). Laryngospasms occurred in 25 of 58 animals
(43%) and were controlled in 20 cases (80%) by providing 0.33 mL 2% topical lidocaine, incremental increase in infusion rate, or both. Continuous rate infusion of ketamine hydrochloride–dexmedetomidine with prophylactic topical lidocaine provides a predictable and adjustable surgical
plane of anesthesia, with minimal confounding respiratory and autonomic laryngeal responses, during extended-duration laryngotracheal surgery in rabbits. This regimen should be considered as an alternative to injection maintenance for prolonged, invasive procedures.
Credit Rating Strategies: A Study of GCC Banks
Authors: Murthy Y. Sree Rama , Al-Muharrami Saeed
Published: January 2020

Purpose

It is difficult to predict when the next
financial crisis will happen. Identifying financial strategies, which help a
bank to survive a crisis, is the main purpose of the paper. This paper examines the financial strategies of those banks, which managed
to retain good credit ratings both before and after the global financial
crisis, so as to throw light on the characteristics of banks which managed to
remain steady and stable.

Design

This
paper analyses Fitch credit ratings of 51 banks Islamic and commercial banks
operating in GCC, divided into pre global financial crisis (2002 to 2007) and
post global financial crisis (2008 to 2013) periods. Trend and behavior of
average ratios of top rated banks in both the periods is first attempted before
moving to “Ordered Choice Logit” regression method to further analyze the data.

Findings

Size
and cost management are very important factors in ratings, both before and
after the financial crisis. As long as
asset quality is under control, liquidity is the focal point in achieving good
ratings. Top rated Islamic banks seem to be following a strategy of allowing
capital ratios to trend down during a crisis as long as capital is well above
the regulatory requirements.

Originality and
Value

The
paper is the first of its kind which examines credit rating strategies of
Islamic banks as well as commercial banks. The findings
of the paper are extremely important for banks as they throw light on appropriate
strategies to be adopted by banks during crises.
Reconciling a positive ecological balance with human development: a quantitative assessment
Authors: Tamburino Lucia , Bravo Giangiacomo
Published: January 2020

To keep humanity's environmental impact within planetary boundaries, clear indicators and evaluation criteria are essential. We introduce a new criterion based on two constraints, accounting for both ecological and human sustainability. The ecological constraint is defined through a novel indicator, the eco-balance, grounded on the well known concept of ecological footprint and the new concept of population biodensity. The human sustainability constraint is based on the minimum per capita consumption of biocapacity needed to achieve an acceptable level of human well-being. The application of our criterion to world countries shows where technological improvements and changes in consumption patterns are sufficient to reach sustainability, and where actions on population and restoring ecological capital are also needed. This highlights complex patterns going beyond simplistic schemes, such as overconsumption vs. overpopulation or developed vs. developing countries.
Housing Search in the Age of Big Data: Smarter Cities or the Same Old Blind Spots?
Authors: Boeing Geoff , Besbris Max , Schachter Ariela , Kuk John
Published: January 2020

Housing scholars stress the importance of the information environment in shaping housing search behavior and outcomes. Rental listings have increasingly moved online over the past two decades and, in turn, online platforms like Craigslist are now central to the search process. Do these technology platforms serve as information equalizers or do they reflect traditional information inequalities that correlate with neighborhood sociodemographics? We synthesize and extend analyses of millions of US Craigslist rental listings and find they supply significantly different volumes, quality, and types of information in different communities. Technology platforms have the potential to broaden, diversify, and equalize housing search information, but they rely on landlord behavior and, in turn, likely will not reach this potential without a significant redesign or policy intervention. Smart cities advocates hoping to build better cities through technology must critically interrogate technology platforms and big data for systematic biases.
Impact of Government Expenditure in Economic Growth of Nepal: ARDL Approach
Authors: Kunwar Keshar Bahadur
Published: January 2020

Public expenditure refers to the expenditure made by public authority, i.e., central government and other local bodies to carter the demand of the people. It is for protecting the citizens and for promoting their economic and social welfare. Public expenditure is one of the instruments through which government influence economic events. The specific objective of this paper is to analyze the long run and short run relationship between public expenditure and economic growth in Nepal and to examine the Causal relationship between the public expenditure and economic growth in Nepal. The study employed quantitative techniques and econometrics methods to analyze the data. This study used time series data. Data analysis begins with the testing of the unit root of the series to confirm whether the data are stationary or not. Augmented Dicky Fuller unit root test, co-integration test is employed to check the relationship of the variables under study. One period lagged LNGE has significant and positive impact on RGDP. If 1 percent increase in GE leads to increase by 34.99 percent in RGDP at 5 percent level of significance. The coefficient of error correction term (-0.782018) is significant at one percent level. Highly significant negative sign of the error correction term strengthens the presence of long-run relationship among the variables. However, the speed of adjustment from previous year’s disequilibrium in RGDP added to current year’s equilibrium is only 78.20 percent. The P-value of Breusch-Godfrey serial Correlation LM Test, Heteroscedasticity test: Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey and normality test is greater than 5 percent which is desirable. So, this model is free from auto correlation and heteroscedasticity. The residual is normally distributed.
Effet thérapeutique de l’extrait aqueux de Pimpinella anisum L. chez les rats Wistar exposés de manière subchronique à l’imidaclopride. Étude neurocomportementale
Authors: Taibi N. , Kahloula K. , Adli D. E. H. , Arabi W. , Brahimi M. , Slimani M.
Published: January 2020

La présente étude a été réalisée afin d’évaluer le pouvoir thérapeutique de l’extrait aqueux de la Pimpinella anisum L. suite à une exposition à l’imidaclopride (IMD) durant 28 jours chez les rats Wistar. Les résultats relatifs au test d’open field représentent une réduction significative (p < 0,001) du nombre de carreaux traversés chez le lot intoxiqué comparé à celui du lot témoin, ce qui traduit une réduction de l’activité locomotrice. En outre, le test de la nage forcée présente une augmentation significative (p < 0,001) du temps d’immobilité chez les rats exposés à l’IMD comparativement aux rats témoins et exposés traités. L’analyse statistique des données concernant l’épreuve de test de Barnes a montré que les rats exposés à ce pesticide ont un nombre d’erreurs et un temps de latence pour rejoindre le trou cible significativement (p < 0,001) plus élevés que ceux des rats témoins et intoxiqués traités. Ce qui reflète une atteinte des performances d’apprentissage et de la mémoire spatiale. En conclusion, l’extrait de Pimpinella anisum L. présente un effet bénéfique sur le système nerveux des rats adultes intoxiqués à l’IMD.
Intracranial pressure–based barbiturate coma treatment in children with refractory intracranial hypertension due to traumatic brain injury
Authors: Velle Fartein , Lewén Anders , Howells Timothy , Enblad Per , Nilsson Pelle
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Refractory intracranial pressure (ICP) hypertension following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe condition that requires potentially harmful treatment strategies such as barbiturate coma. However, the use of barbiturates may be restricted due to concerns about inducing multiorgan system complications related to the therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome and occurrence of treatment-related complications to barbiturate coma treatment in children with refractory intracranial hypertension (RICH) due to TBI in a modern multimodality neurointensive care unit (NICU).

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of 21 children ≤ 16 years old who were treated in their NICU between 2005 and 2015 with barbiturate coma for RICH following TBI. Demographic and clinical data were acquired from patient records and physiological data from digital monitoring system files.

RESULTS

The median age of these 21 children was 14 years (range 2–16 years) and at admission the median Glasgow Coma Scale score was 7 (range 4–8). Barbiturate coma treatment was added due to RICH at a median of 46 hours from trauma and had a median duration of 107 hours. The onset of barbiturate coma resulted in lower ICP values, lower pulse amplitudes on the ICP curve, and decreased amount of A-waves. No major disturbances in blood gases, liver and kidney function, or secondary insults were observed during this period. Outcome 1 year later revealed a median Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 5 (good recovery), however on the King’s Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury, the median was 4a (moderate disability).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study indicate that barbiturate coma, when used in a modern NICU, is an effective means of lowering ICP without causing concomitant severe side effects in children with RICH and was compatible with good long-term outcome.
Radiosurgery to the spinal dorsal root ganglion induces fibrosis and inhibits satellite glial cell activation while preserving axonal neurotransmission
Authors: Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Fellows-Mayle Wendy , Wolfe Rachel , Niranjan Ajay , Flickinger John C. , Lunsford L. Dade , Gerszten Peter C.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been used to treat trigeminal neuralgia by targeting the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve, which in turn triggers changes in the gasserian ganglion. In the lumbar spine, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is responsible for transmitting pain sensitivity and is involved in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathic pain. Therefore, radiosurgery to the DRG might improve chronic peripheral pain. This study evaluated the clinical and histological effects of high-dose radiosurgery to the DRG in a rodent model.

METHODS

Eight Sprague-Dawley rats received either 40- or 80-Gy SRS to the fifth and sixth lumbar DRGs using the Leksell Gamma Knife Icon. Animals were euthanized 3 months after treatment, and the lumbar spine was dissected and taken for analysis. Simple histology was used to assess collagen deposition and inflammatory response. GFAP, Neu-N, substance P, and internexin were used as a measure of peripheral glial activation, neurogenesis, pain-specific neurotransmission, and neurotransmission in general, respectively. The integrity of the spinothalamic tract was assessed by means of the von Frey test.

RESULTS

The animals did not exhibit any signs of motor or sensory deficits during the experimentation period. Edema, fibrosis, and vascular sclerotic changes were present on the treated, but not the control, side. SRS reduced the expression of GFAP without affecting the expression of Neu-N, substance P, or internexin. The von Frey sensory perception elicited equivalent results for the control side and both radiosurgical doses.

CONCLUSIONS

SRS did not alter sensory or motor function but reduced the activation of satellite glial cells, a pathway for DRG-mediated pain perpetuation. Radiosurgery provoked changes equivalent to the effects of focal radiation on the trigeminal ganglion after SRS for trigeminal neuralgia, suggesting that radiosurgery could be successful in relieving radiculopathic pain.
Survival and failure trends of cerebrospinal fluid shunts with distal slit valves: comparative study and literature review
Authors: Wetzel Jeremy S. , Waldman Alex D. , Texakalidis Pavlos , Buster Bryan , Eshraghi Sheila R. , Wheelus Jennifer , Reisner Andrew , Chern Joshua J.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

The malfunction rates of and trends in various cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt designs have been widely studied, but one area that has received little attention is the comparison of the peritoneal distal slit valve (DSV) shunt to other conventional valve (CV) type shunts. The literature that does exist comes from older case series that provide only indirect comparisons, and the conclusions are mixed. Here, the authors provide a direct comparison of the overall survival and failure trends of DSV shunts to those of other valve type shunts.

METHODS

Three hundred seventy-two new CSF shunts were placed in pediatric patients at the authors’ institution between January 2011 and December 2015. Only ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts were eligible for study inclusion. Ventriculoatrial, lumboperitoneal, cystoperitoneal, subdural-peritoneal, and spinal shunts were all excluded. Rates and patterns of shunt malfunction were compared, and survival curves were generated. Patterns of failure were categorized as proximal failure, distal failure, simultaneous proximal and distal (proximal+distal) failure, removal for infection, externalization for abdominal pseudocyst, and addition of a ventricular catheter for loculated hydrocephalus.

RESULTS

A total of 232 VP shunts were included in the final analysis, 115 DSV shunts and 117 CV shunts. There was no difference in the overall failure rate or time to failure between the two groups, and the follow-up period was statistically similar between the groups. The DSV group had a failure rate of 54% and a mean time to failure of 17.8 months. The CV group had a failure rate of 50% (p = 0.50) and a mean time to failure of 18.5 months (p = 0.56). The overall shunt survival curves for these two groups were similar; however, the location of failure was significantly different between the two groups. Shunts with DSVs had proportionately more distal failures than the CV group (34% vs 14%, respectively, p = 0.009). DSV shunts were also found to have proximal+distal catheter occlusions more frequently than CV shunts (23% vs 5%, respectively, p = 0.005). CV shunts were found to have significantly more proximal failures than the DSV shunts (53% vs 27%, p = 0.028). However, the only failure type that carried a statistically significant adjusted hazard ratio in a multivariate analysis was proximal+distal catheter obstruction (CV vs DSV shunt: HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.81).

CONCLUSIONS

There appears to be a difference in the location of catheter obstruction leading to the malfunction of shunts with DSVs compared to shunts with CVs; however, overall shunt survival is similar between the two. These failure types are also affected by other factors such etiology of hydrocephalus and endoscope use. The implications of these findings are unclear, and this topic warrants further investigation.
Should ondansetron use be a reason to admit children with isolated, nondisplaced, linear skull fractures?
Authors: Dallas Jonathan , Mercer Evan , Reynolds Rebecca A. , Wellons John C. , Shannon Chevis N. , Bonfield Christopher M.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Isolated, nondisplaced skull fractures (ISFs) are a common result of pediatric head trauma. They rarely require surgical intervention; however, many patients with these injuries are still admitted to the hospital for observation. This retrospective study investigates predictors of vomiting and ondansetron use following pediatric ISFs and the role that these factors play in the need for admission and emergency department (ED) revisits.

METHODS

The authors identified pediatric patients (< 18 years old) with a linear ISF who had presented to the ED of a single tertiary care center between 2008 and 2018. Patients with intracranial hemorrhage, significant fracture displacement, or other traumatic injuries were excluded. Outcomes included vomiting, ondansetron use, admission, and revisit following ED discharge. Both univariable and multivariable analyses were used to determine significant predictors of each outcome (p < 0.05).

RESULTS

Overall, 518 patients were included in this study. The median patient age was 9.98 months, and a majority of the patients (59%) were male. The most common fracture locations were parietal (n = 293 [57%]) and occipital (n = 144 [28%]). Among the entire patient cohort, 124 patients (24%) had documented vomiting, and 64 of these patients (52%) received ondansetron. In a multivariable analysis, one of the most significant predictors of vomiting was occipital fracture location (OR 4.05, p < 0.001). In turn, and as expected, both vomiting (OR 14.42, p < 0.001) and occipital fracture location (OR 2.66, p = 0.017) were associated with increased rates of ondansetron use. A total of 229 patients (44%) were admitted to the hospital, with vomiting as the most common indication for admission (n = 59 [26%]). Moreover, 4.1% of the patients had ED revisits following initial discharge, and the most common reason was vomiting (11/21 [52%]). However, in the multivariable analysis, ondansetron use at initial presentation (and not vomiting) was the sole predictor of revisit following initial ED discharge (OR 5.05, p = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, older patients and those with occipital fractures were more likely to present with vomiting and to be treated with ondansetron. Additionally, ondansetron use at initial presentation was found to be a significant predictor of revisits following ED discharge. Ondansetron could be masking recurrent vomiting in ED patients, and this should be considered when deciding which patients to observe further or discharge.