bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NATURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION THROUGH FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE: A PRELIMINARY SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE INSUBRIPARKS PROJECT
Authors: Oxoli D. , Cannata M. , Terza V. , Brovelli M. A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Nowadays, sustainable development and preservation of territories poses a number of challenges requiring innovative and robust technological tools to fully accomplish them. According to this, the design of an integrated tourism management system is here discussed. The tourism management system is developed for the Insubria Region within the INSUBRIPARKS project, funded by the Interreg program of the European Union. The Insubria is a historical-geographical area stretches between Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland embedding a valuable historical and natural heritage. Nevertheless, the tourism potential of the region is not fully exploited due to a fragmented political context within the geographical area that extends across different local and national jurisdictions. The final goal of the project to increase tourism attractiveness of the Insubria Region through the provision of physical infrastructure, the development and promotion of new tourism experiences, and the deployment of a standardized Information Technology infrastructure to support cross-border land management and marketing operations. Central to this paper is the preliminary design of this infrastructure that will provide tools for supporting information generating and consuming among project partners and external stakeholders. The design phase leverages exclusively Free and Open Source Software. Alongside the preliminary architecture, both use cases and user requirements are discussed together with the expected benefits deriving from the co-creation of best tourism management practices by means of open and shared software platforms.
FOSS TECHNOLOGIES IN MODELLING SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN MALAWI
Authors: Phiri Y. D. J. , Munthali K. G.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Primary health care (PHC) is the first point of contact people have with a health system. As such access to PHC services is an important factor to ensure good health of a community. While the need to provide equal and easy access to PHC is well understood, the approaches informing the decision-making process to improve the access tend to face a number of challenges in the developing world. Use of conventional Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) comes with requisite financial costs which Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) ICT technologies have the potential to help lower among other benefits. In this study, the confluence of spatial accessibility tools provided by FOSS technologies, specifically PostgreSQL/PostGIS and QGIS, was explored to inform decision making in PHC accessibility in Zomba, Malawi. The results show that the household population (P) that is within the threshold time was 82,863, representing 59% of all households having access to health care. The mean accessibility score for the district was 0.010 and ranged from 0.00 to 0.231. While the findings provide, arguably, spatially objective PHC accessibility data to inform policy direction and also reveals accessibility to PHC in Malawi to be lower than reported, the study also reveals the usefulness of FOSS technologies, in the developing world. Use of FOSS facilitated incremental setup of the model thereby allowing to run the model with limited processing power. That notwithstanding, the study adds to the formal scientific research on the use of relational spatial analysis in the developing world.
OVERVIEW OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE FOR CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Vacca G.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In the photogrammetric process of the 3D reconstruction of an object or a building, multi-image orientation is one of the most important tasks that often include simultaneous camera calibration. The accuracy of image orientation and camera calibration significantly affects the quality and accuracy of all subsequent photogrammetric processes, such as determining the spatial coordinates of individual points or 3D modeling. In the context of artificial vision, the full-field analysis procedure is used, which leads to the so-called Strcture from Motion (SfM), which includes the simultaneous determination of the camera's internal and external orientation parameters and the 3D model. The procedures were designed and developed by means of a photogrammetric system, but the greatest development and innovation of these procedures originated from the computer vision from the late 90s, together with the SfM method. The reconstructions on this method have been useful for visualization purposes and not for photogrammetry and mapping. Thanks to advances in computer technology and computer performance, a large number of images can be automatically oriented in a coordinate system arbitrarily defined by different algorithms, often available in open source software (VisualSFM, Bundler, PMVS2, CMVS, etc.) or in the form of Web services (Microsoft Photosynth, Autodesk 123D Catch, My3DScanner, etc.). However, it is important to obtain an assessment of the accuracy and reliability of these automated procedures. This paper presents the results obtained from the dome low close range photogrammetric surveys and processed with some open source software using the Structure from Motion approach: VisualSfM, OpenDroneMap (ODM) and Regard3D. Photogrammetric surveys have also been processed with the Photoscan commercial software by Agisoft.For the photogrammetric survey we used the digital camera Canon EOS M3 (24.2 Megapixel, pixel size 3.72 mm). We also surveyed the dome with the Faro Focus 3D TLS. Only one scan was carried out, from ground level, at a resolution setting of ¼ with 3x quality, corresponding to a resolution of 7 mm / 10 m. Both TLS point cloud and Photoscan point cloud were used as a reference to validate the point clouds coming from VisualSFM, OpenDroneMap and Regards3D. The validation was done using the Cloud Compare open source software.
GEODESIC ALGORITHMS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Fisikopoulos V.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The figure of the Earth can be modelled either by a cartesian plane, a sphere or an (oblate) ellipsoid, in decreasing order with respect to the approximation quality. Based on those models, we experimentally study the accuracy-performance trade-offs of various methods for some basic geodesic problems. For our experiments we use the open source libraries Boost Geometry and GeographicLib. Our results can be used as a reference for practitioners that want to use the most efficient method with respect to some given accuracy. Geodesic computations are building blocks for many higher level algorithms such as k-nearest neighbour problems, line interpolation, area and buffer, to name a few.
OPEN DATA IN HEALTH-GEOMATICS: MAPPING AND EVALUATING PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE DEFIBRILLATORS
Authors: Gianquintieri L. , Caiani E. G. , Brambilla P. , Pagliosa A. , Villa G. F. , Brovelli M. A.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. To address the study of the deployment of publicly accessible Automated External Defibrillators (AED), Geomatics allows computing their limited area of effectiveness (i.e. ‘catchment area’, CA), traditionally set as circular surfaces with a 100m-radius. Exploiting open geospatial data related to roads network, also ‘realistic’ CAs, based on the effective walking distance, can be computed. Aim of this study (performed on the territory of Lombardy, Italy, total surface 23,863.65 km2, with open source software as QGIS, PostGIS, pgRouting) was to compare the two approaches, and to evaluate if the territory analysis could support case-by-case decision-making about the preferable mapping technique.Setting a limit of 200 m, realistic CAs were computed for 7702 known AEDs on the territory (at 28/02/2018). The mean area obtained resulted close to that of the traditional 100m-radius circular area (33,665m2 against 31,415m2), but the spatial coverage of 45043 OHCAs - Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests (Lombardy, 1/1/2015 to 31/12/2018) is very different considering realistic or circular areas (15.35% vs 9.43%). The distribution of the mapping error (realistic-CA – circular-CA) and the computation failures of realistic areas were studied and correlated with the characteristics of the surrounding territory considering attributes related to streets, buildings, and land-use, computing linear correlation coefficients and performing Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results suggest that realistic CAs are not always correctly computable and circular areas are preferable when AEDs are far from the streets in less urbanized and more uniform territories. An automatized decision-making about the best case-by-case mapping technique is therefore feasible with open data and open source software.
FINE SPATIAL SCALE MODELLING OF TRENTINO PAST FOREST LANDSCAPE (TRENTINOLAND): A CASE STUDY OF FOSS APPLICATION
Authors: Gobbi S. , Cantiani M. G. , Rocchini D. , Zatelli P. , Tattoni C. , La Porta N. , Ciolli M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Trentino is an Italian alpine region (about 6200 km2) with a forest coverage exceeding 60% of its whole surface. In the past, forest landscape has changed dramatically, especially in periods of forest over-exploitation.Previous studies in some Trentino sub-regions (Val di Fassa, Paneveggio) have identified these changes and the current trend of forest growth at the expenses of open areas, such as pastures and grasslands, due to the abandonment of rural areas. This phenomenon leads to the rapid Alpine landscape change and profoundly affects the ecological features of mountain ecosystems. To be able to monitor and to take future actions about this trend it is fundamental to know in detail the historical situation of the progressive changes on the land use that occurred over Trentino.The work aims to comprehensively reconstruct the forest cover of whole Trentino at high resolution (5 m × 5 m pixels) using a series of maps spanning a long period, consisting in historical maps, aerial images, remote sensed information and historical archives. The datasets were archived, processed and analyzed using the Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) GIS GRASS and QGIS. Historical maps include Atlas Tyrolensis (dated 1770), Theresianischer Kataster (dated 1859) and Italian Kingdom Forest Map (IKFM) of 1936. The aerial imagery dataset includes aerial images taken in 1954, which have been orthorectified during this research, and orthophotos available for years 1973, 1994, 2000, 2006, 2010 and 2016. Remote sensed information includes Landsat and recent Lidar data, while historical archives consist mostly in Forest Management Plans available since around 1950.The versatility of the wide variety of modules supplied from the FOSS GRASS and QGIS enabled to perform a diverse set of analysis and pre-processing (e.g.:orthorectification) on a heterogeneous dataset of input images. We will focus on the different strategies and methodologies implemented in the FOSS GIS used to process the various types of geographic data, challenges for the future of the research and the fundamental role of the FOSS systems in this process.Quantifying forest change in the time-span of our dataset can be used to perform further analysis on ecosystem services, such as protection from soil erosion, and on modification of biome diversity and to create future change scenarios.
GEOMETRY VIEWER FOR PGADMIN4: A PROCESS GUIDED BY THE GOOGLE SUMMER OF CODE
Authors: Gong X. , Erwee F. , Rautenbach V.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The latest version of pgAdmin4 was released in mid-2016 and moved to a web-based application that was written in Python and jQuery with Bootstrap, using the Flask framework. This new architecture of pgAdmin4 provided an excellent opportunity to integrate a geometry viewer into the application. This progress started as the geometry viewer was selected as a project for the 2018 Google Summer of Code (GSoC). The requirements for the geometry viewer was elicited through conversations with the mentors and emails to the discussion list of PostGIS and pgAdmin. Once the formal design was finalized the development started. The spatial technology stack implemented to expand pgAdmin4 with a geometry viewer was the JavaScript mapping library Leaflet JS and WKX - parser/serializer library that supports several spatial vector formats. Both these fulfilled the requirements of the coding standard of pgAdmin that all client-side code must be developed in JavaScript using jQuery and other plugins. Leaflet JS is well known for its ease of use and compatibility. WKX is lesser known but well supported and concise to the need to parse the spatial data before rendering on the Leaflet map. The decision on both of these libraries was motivated by their minimal size and possibilities for expansion for future extensions of the viewer. The first version of the geometry viewer was well-received and is currently integrated into the latest versions of pgAdmin4.
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY WITH OPEN GIS AS A TRANSFORMATIVE INTRODUCTORY HIGHER EDUCATION COURSE
Authors: Holler J.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Curricula in human geography and GIS can integrate open-source GIS with critical human geography, moving beyond a curricular divide between critical human geography and technical GIS. This integration requires significant transformation of GIS curricula, requires students to simultaneously develop fundamental knowledge of both GIS and human geography to critically address spatial problems in society, and calls for transformation of GIS technology itself. The curriculum is transformed to teach GIS fundamentals experimentally through video tutorials and handouts, teach GIS problem-solving with error detection and debugging skills, teach human geography concepts by reading and replicating research papers, and apply critical human geography concepts and open-source GIS techniques to solve novel problems. Students develop skills in assessing error and uncertainty in GIS, applying GIS to solve human geography problems, and questioning the powerful interactions between politics, economics, and geospatial technologies. GIS technology is transformed as instructors develop software features to facilitate human geography inquiry for novice GIS students and students apply their new problem-solving skills to identify bugs and consider new GIS features.
Objects in motion verb phrases
Authors: Biggs Alison
Published: August 2019

This article investigates the syntactic and semantic relationship between the unselected object and the unergative verb in examples like Mary waltzed John around the room. Current consensus holds that this sentence involves resultative secondary predication, so that it is structurally equivalent to resultatives like Mary sang her throat hoarse. Yet it is well known that the waltz vs. sing verb phrase structures do not have the same argument or event structural interpretations. Notably the object with waltz seems to be an agent, while the object with sing is a patient or theme. Previous studies propose lexical rules of composition associated with waltz to specify the “special” interpretation of its object. In this article I show that the waltz object is not formally agentive, but has (what I call) an in motion interpretation. I further show that the waltz and sing verb phrases have different syntactic structures: the waltz verb phrase is transitive, and is not resultative. I argue that the contrast in interpretation between the object of waltz and sing (and the other differences in these clauses) follows from this structural difference, and that a lexical approach overgenerates. I conclude that the interpretation of the waltz object accords with regular rules of syntax-semantics correspondence.
Hacia un diálogo intercultural desde la comunicación, educación, historia y afectividad. Editorial
Authors: García Soto Yorlenis Lilibeth
Published: August 2019

Hoy en día, se necesita de una educación intercultural que trate de democratizar los espacios de construcción del conocimiento mediante la recreación y creación de saberes y prácticas desde la colectividad. Es decir, una educación de calidad basada en condiciones comunitarias, concientizada y que desarrollo el pensamiento critico y permita la construcción de sociedades creativas, afectivas e incluyentes. La historia es el pilar para la revitalización de las sabidurías y conocimientos de los pueblos, porque ayuda a reconstruir una cultura de paz que favorece a un ambiente propicio para la resolución de problemas de la vida cotidiana.
Ansiedad hacia las matemáticas en la resolución de problemas por estudiantes de ingeniería civil
Authors: Olivar Molina Sabino Ariel , Alvarado González Flor Deliz , Flores López William Oswaldo
Published: August 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la ansiedad hacia las matemáticas en la resolución de problemas por estudiantes de ingeniería civil, tomando en consideración factores asociados a la ansiedad. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa sustentada en un diseño descriptivo con la participación de estudiantes de ingeniería civil de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense, procedentes de comunidades de la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes de ingeniería civil poseen una ansiedad positiva hacia las matemáticas (M=16,46; SD=2,71); una ansiedad positiva hacia la resolución de problemas (M=10,66; SD=2,06); una ansiedad positiva hacia las situaciones de evaluación (M=13,10; SD=2,10); el interés hacia las matemáticas es positiva y relevante en el estudiantado (M=22,41; SD=4,78); y la utilidad hacia las matemáticas es positiva e importante para el estu- diantado (M=17,82; SD=3,37). Se concluye que la ansiedad hacia las matemáticas, en general, es positiva con tendencia media alta (M=81,49; Error=1,06) y que la escala de ansiedad hacia las matemáticas tiene un modelo adecuado con una fiabilidad de 87,75%, lo que permitiría su uso en contextos diversos.
n. 28 - OS PLANOS MUNICIPAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DO PNE 2014-2024: APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA
Authors: Bastos Roberta Freire , Ferreira Eliza Bartolozzi
Published: August 2019

Este texto tem como objetivo investigar as principais lógicas de ação desenvolvidas para a implementação dos planos de educação em municípios da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória. O ponto de partida é a contextualização do cenário das políticas educativas no país nos últimos anos, sobretudo no que concerne ao desmonte do Fórum Nacional de Educação (FNE) e a constituição de um Fórum com representação popular e Conferência igualmente democrática. Sob uma perspectiva de análise cognitiva das políticas públicas, este estudo terá como objetivo apresentar e discutir dados sobre a implementação de planos municipais de educação na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória. Apresenta-se a hipótese de que, na produção das regras do jogo, as três municipalidades investigadas (Cariacica, Serra e Vitória) apresentam lógicas de ação próprias para a construção e a realização de seus planos educacionais. Os procedimentos para análise de dados consistiram na observação partipante durante a constituição dos planos, realizada nos anos de 2014 e 2015, e na análise documental e conjuntural de seus processos de implementação no ano de 2018, a partir das Conferências Municipais de Educação. Planejamento educacional; Plano Municipal de Educação; Plano Nacional de Educação; Políticas educacionais.
n. 29 - A NOVA LEI DE GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA DA REDE PÚBLICA ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA DO ACRE E A MUDANÇA NO PERFIL DE DIRETOR ESCOLAR
Authors: De Melo Karolyne Borges , Melo Lúcia De Fátima , Damaceno Ednaceli Abreu
Published: August 2019

O artigo faz uma análise da nova Lei de Gestão Democrática das unidades escolares da rede pública estadual de educação básica do Estado do Acre, Lei nº 3.141/2016, que substituiu a Lei nº 1.513/2003, dando ênfase a mudança no perfil do novo diretor escolar estadual, que passou a não exigir a formação docente para direção da escola. Para esta análise, é pertinente considerar o contexto de reforma vivida pelo Estado Brasileiro nas últimas décadas e as influências de tais reformas nas instituições e nos serviços públicos de natureza educacional, configurada na concepção de uma Nova Gestão Pública – NGP. A redução dos custos da gestão e a ampliação da produtividade na administração pública sob a lógica da iniciativa privada determinaram alterações relevantes na política educacional no Brasil, influenciando diretamente no funcionamento e na rotina das escolas e podem ser consideradas determinantes também nas reformas educacionais empreendidas no Acre.  As bases teóricas se sustentam em Oliveira (2011), Ball (2004; 2005), Souza (2006), Paro (2015), dentre outras. A pesquisa seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfica e documental. Os aspectos conclusivos apontam que a mudança no perfil do diretor se constitui como inconstitucional, portanto, ilegal, além de um retrocesso histórico por desconsiderar e desvalorizar toda a luta pela formação docente no país e no Estado do Acre.
ELT Preservice Teachers’ Conceptualization of Teaching Practice: A Metaphor Analysis of the Dynamics of Teaching Practice
Authors: Yüksel İlknur
Published: August 2019

Different from other studies on the metaphor analysis of pre-service teachers and their cognition on teaching, the present study adopted a larger perspective and investigated their conceptualization of the dynamics of the practicum, namely teaching practice, mentors, supervisor, students, lesson plan and materials. 35 pre-service teachers were asked to complete a metaphor elicitation task on six dynamics of teaching practice. Applying the conceptual metaphor analysis, 189 metaphors were determined and categorized for each concept. The overall results indicated that the pre-service teachers could conceptualize their beliefs on teaching practice dynamics referring to their experience. In line with their beliefs and attitudes, they chose the metaphors with positive or negative connotations. Some participants were positive about the practicum while some described the practicum with negative affective metaphors under the categories of pitfall and vagueness. Besides, the participants mostly used cognitive metaphors describing the authority of mentors and supervisors. In addition to the affective affirmative metaphors on the students, the participants described the students as out-of-control, referring to the classroom management problems. The contributions of lesson plan and material use were mostly appreciated with positive metaphors but the metaphors categorized under uncertainty and redundancy called for the participants’ need for supervision and support. The results of the study revealed that the pre-service teachers’ beliefs and performances were apt to be influenced with what they experience during the practicum. Through an understanding of pre-service teachers’ conceptualization regarding their experience, training and applications could be improved.
The Structural Relationship Model of Indicators of Mindful Leadership for Primary School Principals
Authors: Wongkom Sthian , Sanrattana Wirot , Chusorn Prayuth
Published: August 2019

This study is a descriptive research study aiming to: 1) test the fitness between the theoretical model of the mindful leadership indicators and empirical data and 2) investigate factor loading value of the main elements, sub-elements, and indicators with models. The population of the research is 27,718 primary school principals under the office of the Basic Education Commission. Data collection means was rating-scale questionnaire from 610 participants in the sample group selected randomly by a multi-stage sampling technique. The data was analysed using a computer program. The results of the research confirmed the hypotheses of the research which are: the theoretical model is relevant to the empirical data, and the value of Relative Chi-Square (CMIN/DF), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and  (6) Normed Fit Index (NFI) is in accordance with the criteria and 2) the value of factor loading of the main elements is between 0.84 – 1.70 which is 0.70 higher than the criteria, the value of factor loading of the sub-elements is between 0.31 – 1.95, and the value of the factor loading of the indicators is between 0.30 – 8.26 which is 0.30 higher than the criteria.
How to Supervise International PhD Students: A Narrative Inquiry Study
Authors: Hussain Mudassir , Ali Hashim
Published: August 2019

This narrative inquiry study was undertaken, recruiting 06 successful PhD students in China. The participants were invited and semi-structured interviews were taken one-by-one. The study aimed to explore information about supervisor-supervisee relationship and factors that motivate international PhD students to enhance their research outcomes in a cross-cultural environment. The qualitative data were coded, using QDA miner lite software. After the formation of initial codes, five major categories were emerged included: empowerment, usefulness, success, interest and caring.  Each category represented the respective component of MUSIC model of academic motivation (Jones, 2009). The findings illustrated that International PhD students are satisfied with work and life. The supervisors used effective strategies to motivate international PhD supervisees to enhance academic outcomes. The study uncovered students’ expectations which included: formal meetings, feedback, guidance, and team work. Based on study findings and results, the MUSIC model can be used as supervision strategy. It is a comprehensive model where all of its five components cover the supervisees’ expectations.
Bayesian Analysis of Sparse Counts Obtained From the Unrelated Question Design
Authors: Nandram Balgobin , Yu Yuan
Published: August 2019

In sample surveys with sensitive items, sampled units may not respond or they respond untruthfully. Usually a negative answer is given when it is actually positive, thereby leading to an estimate of the population proportion of positives (sensitive proportion) that is too small. In our study, we have binary data obtained from the unrelated-question design, and both the sensitive proportion and the nonsensitive proportion are of interest. A respondent answers the sensitive item with a known probability, and to avoid non-identifiable parameters, at least two (not necessarily exactly two) different random mechanisms are used, but only one for each cluster of respondents. The key point here is that the counts are sparse (very small sample sizes), and we show how to overcome some of the problems associated with the unrelated question design. A standard approach to this problem is to use the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. However, because we consider only small sample sizes (sparse counts), the EM algorithm may not converge and asymptotic theory, which can permit normality assumptions for inference, is not appropriate; so we develop a Bayesian method. To compare the EM algorithm and the Bayesian method, we have presented an example with sparse data on college cheating and a simulation study to illustrate the properties of our procedure. Finally, we discuss two extensions to accommodate finite population sampling and optional responses.
Klimatyzacja budynków użyteczności publicznej
Authors: Hurnik Marta , Glück Izabela
Published: August 2019

Standard wykonania budynków użyteczności publicznej decyduje o wartości nieruchomości i o wysokości dochodów z wynajmu powierzchni użytkowej. W takich budynkach powinny być zastosowane nowoczesne systemy ogrzewania, wentylacji i klimatyzacji wraz z kontrolą wilgotności zapewniające komfort cieplny oraz dobrą jakość powietrza wewnętrznego. Jednocześnie zużycie energii pierwotnej na cele ogrzewania i klimatyzacji powinno być jak najmniejsze. W artykule przedstawiono trzy najczęściej stosowane energooszczędne systemy klimatyzacji, tj.: całkowicie powietrzny system ze zmiennym strumieniem powietrza VAV, systemy powietrzno-wodne i systemy powietrzne z odparowaniem bezpośrednim.
Adademic Libraries and the White House Conference—Two Statements
Authors: Shields Gerald R. , Galvin Thomas J.
Published: August 2019

Adademic Libraries and the White House Conference—Two Statements
Continuing Education IV—Cooperative Style in Illinois
Authors: Breivik Patricia Senn
Published: August 2019

Continuing Education IV—Cooperative Style in Illinois
Utilizing analogical reasoning to aid children’s proportional reasoning understanding
Authors: Ham Lillian , Gunderson Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2019

Proportional reasoning is an important skill that relates to fraction learning and math achievement. Because both proportional and analogical reasoning involve comparing relations, we hypothesized that supports for analogical reasoning (multiple exemplars and labels) would help children match discrete proportions. Fourth and 5th graders (N = 119) completed a 16-item proportional equivalence choice task in a 2 (exemplars: one, two) x 3 (script type: juice mixing narrative, novel adjectives, no labels) x 2 (trial type: part-foil, whole-foil) mixed-effects design. The juice mixing script included common labels and a story paradigm, whereas the novel adjectives script only utilized common labels. The least-informative no-labels script served as a baseline. Results showed a significant three-way interaction between exemplars, script type, and trial type. Viewing two exemplars led to no significant differences across the other factors. However, when viewing one exemplar, children exhibited a part-matching bias with novel adjectives and no labels, but not the juice narrative. In sum, multiple exemplars and the juice narrative reduced children’s part-matching bias; we conclude that supports for analogical reasoning can aid proportional reasoning as well.
Expressões fenológicas de palmeiras em coleções botânicas associadas às condições pluviais na Floresta Tapajós
Authors: Pimentel Muller Silva , Martorano Lucieta Guerreiro , Martins Ana Cláudia Caldeira Tavares , Watrin Orlando dos Santos , Pontes Altem Nascimento , Barbosa Aline Michelle da Silva , Moraes José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral de , Aparecido Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: August 2019

A família Arecaceae esta incluída nas hiperdominâncias no bioma Amazônia, tendo muitas espécies de interesse às populações locais. Objetivou-se avaliar registros fenológicos herborizados de palmeiras associados à precipitação pluvial na Flona Tapajós e seu entorno. Dados nos herbários da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (IAN/EMBRAPA) e do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) foram contabilizados avaliando informações fenológicas de Arecaceae. Também, foram avaliados dados pluviais disponíveis de Belterra, Santarém e Rurópolis. Foram contabilizados os dados pluviais e avaliados com base nas datas de floração e/ou frutificação, descrita nos registros dos herbários. Também, avaliou-se o total pluvial nos dois meses anteriores, como indicativo do volume hídrico, nas áreas de ocorrência das palmeiras. Foram encontradas 34 espécies com predominância dos gêneros Bactris, Geonoma e Oenocarpus, sendo que o Oenocarpus bataua Mart. (patauá) apresentou a maior frequência, nos registros. A floração e/ou frutificação predominou no mês de novembro. No trimestre menos pluvioso (agosto a outubro) as chuvas foram inferiores a 50 mm, indicando que essa expressão fenológica no mês que inicia o período de chuvas esparsas na região apresenta-se como estratégia de perpetuação das espécies analisadas e conclui-se que em materiais botânicos herborizados é possível avaliar respostas à condições climáticas na Amazônia.
Estudo da influência do tipo de finos no comportamento resiliente de solos tropicais para uso em pavimentos
Authors: Gomes Mayara Souza , Guimarães Antônio Rodrigues , Marques Maria Esther Soares
Published: August 2019

Buscou-se com a realização deste artigo identificar a influência do tipo de finos, avaliado de acordo com a classificação MCT, no comportamento resiliente de solos tropicais, cuja porcentagem passante na peneira nº 10 situa-se entre 50 e 97%. Estes solos não podem, a rigor, ser avaliados pela metodologia MCT, a qual prevê uma porcentagem de 100% de material passante na peneira nº 10, com abertura de 2mm, porém há fortes indícios, tal como o trincamento após a execução de compactação, que indicam uma elevada influência do tipo de fino de acordo com a classificação MCT no comportamento desse tipo de material. Assim, relacionou-se o tipo de classificação fina com uma faixa específica de módulo resiliente, uma vez que o módulo resiliente representa um dos parâmetros fundamentais para subsidiar o dimensionamento mecanicista de pavimentos. Para atingir os objetivos propostos estudou-se 662 solos de diversas granulometrias e procedências, permitindo obter ao final da pesquisa uma relação qualitativa entre a classificação dos finos com o comportamento resiliente dos solos estudados.
Utilização de modelos de estimativa da radiação de onda longa atmosférica para Cerrado Campo Sujo
Authors: Silva Jonh Billy , Curado Leone Francisco Amorim , Musis Carlo Ralph , Nogueira José de Souza , Rodrigues Thiago Rangel
Published: August 2019

A radiação de onda longa atmosférica (ROL) é a variável chave para o cálculo do balanço de radiação da superfície terrestre, sendo a componente mais difícil de ser medida. Neste estudo, foi avaliado o desempenho de seis modelos que estimam ROL em dias de céu claro, parcialmente nublado e nublado, para dados obtidos na região do Cerrado Campo Sujo, na Baixada Cuiabana, em dois períodos distintos: seco (maio a agosto) e úmido (setembro a dezembro) de 2009. Dois modelos levam em consideração apenas a temperatura do ar em suas estimativas, Swinbank (1963) e de Idso et al. (1969), e os modelos de Brunt (1932), Brutsaert (1975), Idso (1981) e Bignami (1995) levam em consideração a temperatura do ar e a pressão de vapor d’água. Os seis modelos foram avaliados estatisticamente pelo coeficiente de determinação (R2) da regressão robusta e o p-valor (M-Estimador) do teste de viés dado pela regressão. Os modelos de Swinbank (1963) e de Idso et al. (1969) foram os que melhores estimaram ROL e o modelo de Idso (1981) o pior modelo estimador para o local de estudo. Sendo as equações que levam em consideração apenas a temperatura do ar em suas estimativas obtiveram melhor desempenho do que as que utilizam apenas a temperatura do ar e a pressão de vapor d’água para os dois períodos estudados, visto os valores de R2 obtidos através da regressão robusta.
Estudo cinético do desenvolvimento da microalga Chlorella Vulgaris em efluentes de tratamento anaeróbio de esgoto doméstico para fins de produção de biodiesel
Authors: Lopes Thiago Santos de Almeida , Ferreira Weruska Brasileiro , Silveira Thyago Nóbrega , Diniz Célia Regina , Santos Whelton Brito dos , Torquato Amanda Laurentino , Oliveira Líbia de Sousa Conrado
Published: August 2019

Dentre as inúmeras possibilidades que visam à diminuição do uso de combustíveis fósseis, têm se destacado as microalgas, cuja biomassa pode ser utilizada na geração de diferentes formas de energia, além de sua elevada capacidade para a depuração de águas residuárias, absorção de CO2 e eficiência superior na produção de óleo em relação às oleaginosas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as melhores condições de crescimento da microalga Chlorella vulgaris em meios de cultura suplementados com efluente de tratamento anaeróbio de esgoto doméstico do reator tipo UASB, buscando reduzir o custo dos cultivos para a produção de biodiesel, bem como promover um destino adequado a esse efluente, impróprio para lançamento em corpos hídricos. A microalga em estudo foi cultivada utilizando o meio de cultura sintético BBM adicionado a diferentes proporções do efluente de UASB (20, 30, 50, 70, 80 e 100%). De acordo com os parâmetros cinéticos de crescimento, observou-se que o efluente de UASB ofereceu condições para o ótimo desenvolvimento da microalga, resultando em acúmulo de biomassa, além de reduzir a carga poluidora do efluente. Concluiu-se que a utilização de resíduos líquidos oriundos do tratamento anaeróbio de esgoto doméstico pode aumentar a viabilidade dos cultivos visando à produção de biodiesel, uma vez que permitem redução de custos ao substituir de forma total ou parcial o meio sintético.
AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: AS PESQUISAS DO ESTADO DA ARTE EM QUESTÃO (1980-2007)
Authors: Ignacio Calderón Adolfo , Poltronieri Heloisa
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar os estudos existentes sobre o estado da arte focados na área da avaliação da aprendizagem da Educação Básica, visando a compreender as principais contribuições e preocupações teórico-metodológicas da comunidade científica brasileira na área em questão. As referências de análise foram três grandes pesquisas estruturantes da compreensão da avaliação da aprendizagem como campo de conhecimento, que focam um período de 28 anos (1980 a 2008) (BARRETO; PINTO, 2001; SOUSA, 1994; ULER, 2010), complementadas por duas pesquisas que ressaltam especificidades da área (CANDAU; OSWALD, 1995; SOUSA, 2005). Analisando a produção científica dentro de uma linha de tempo, fica evidenciada a força do paradigma tecnicista nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, bem como as tentativas de sua superação no decorrer da década de 1980 na direção de propostas formativas e emancipatórias. Na década de 1990, a preocupação dos pesquisadores deslocou-se das práticas avaliativas na escola, de cunho tecnicista, para a abordagem crítica das ideias, concepções, teorias e pressupostos da avaliação. Na primeira década do século XXI, constatou-se um direcionamento teórico que acenava para a hegemonia, no campo científico brasileiro, de um paradigma emancipatório, que tinha em seu cerne a avaliação da aprendizagem de forma processual, participativa e formativa. Contudo, as pesquisas demonstram o acentuado distanciamento entre os referenciais teóricos utilizados nas universidades (paradigma emancipatório) e a realidade das escolas públicas (paradigma tecnicista-tradicional).
Two bifunctional inositol pyrophosphate kinases/phosphatases control plant phosphate homeostasis
Authors: Zhu Jinsheng , Lau Kelvin , Puschmann Robert , Harmel Robert K , Zhang Youjun , Pries Verena , Gaugler Philipp , Broger Larissa , Dutta Amit K , Jessen Henning J , Schaaf Gabriel , Fernie Alisdair R , Hothorn Ludwig A , Fiedler Dorothea , Hothorn Michael
Published: August 2019

Many eukaryotic proteins regulating phosphate (Pi) homeostasis contain SPX domains that are receptors for inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsP), suggesting that PP-InsPs may regulate Pi homeostasis. Here we report that deletion of two diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases VIH1/2 impairs plant growth and leads to constitutive Pi starvation responses. Deletion of phosphate starvation response transcription factors partially rescues vih1 vih2 mutant phenotypes, placing diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases in plant Pi signal transduction cascades. VIH1/2 are bifunctional enzymes able to generate and break-down PP-InsPs. Mutations in the kinase active site lead to increased Pi levels and constitutive Pi starvation responses. ATP levels change significantly in different Pi growth conditions. ATP-Mg2+ concentrations shift the relative kinase and phosphatase activities of diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases in vitro. Pi inhibits the phosphatase activity of the enzyme. Thus, VIH1 and VIH2 relay changes in cellular ATP and Pi concentrations to changes in PP-InsP levels, allowing plants to maintain sufficient Pi levels.
Distinct mechanisms of microRNA sorting into cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicle subtypes
Authors: Temoche-Diaz Morayma M , Shurtleff Matthew J , Nottingham Ryan M , Yao Jun , Fadadu Raj P , Lambowitz Alan M , Schekman Randy
Published: August 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a variety of vesicles secreted into the extracellular space. EVs have been implicated in promoting tumor metastasis, but the molecular composition of tumor-derived EV sub-types and the mechanisms by which molecules are sorted into EVs remain mostly unknown. We report the separation of two small EV sub-populations from a metastatic breast cancer cell line, with biochemical features consistent with different sub-cellular origins. These EV sub-types use different mechanisms of miRNA sorting (selective and non-selective), suggesting that sorting occurs via fundamentally distinct processes, possibly dependent on EV origin. Using biochemical and genetic tools, we identified the Lupus La protein as mediating sorting of selectively packaged miRNAs. We found that two motifs embedded in miR-122 are responsible for high-affinity binding to Lupus La and sorting into vesicles formed in a cell-free reaction. Thus, tumor cells can simultaneously deploy multiple EV species using distinct sorting mechanisms that may enable diverse functions in normal and cancer biology.
Therapeutic effect of Bacillus Calmette–Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid on mast cell at the transcriptional level
Authors: Yan Siyu , Liu Runqiu , Mao Manyun , Liu Zhaoqian , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yi , Li Jie , Peng Cong , Chen Xiang
Published: August 2019

Background

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common and recurrent autoimmune-related disease with unclear pathogenesis. Dysfunction of immune cells, such as T cells, mast cells, and basophils, is involved. Bacillus Calmette–Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG–PSN), an immunomodulator partially extracted from BCG, can be used in the combined treatment of CSU with an unknown mechanism.

Methods

To study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of BCG–PSN on CSU, we initially assessed the clinical efficacy in 110 enrolled CSU patients of 4-week antihistamine monotherapy vs. antihistamine plus BCG–PSN combined therapy. Subsequently, to explore the further mechanism of BCG-PSN, the mast cell line RBL-2H3 pretreated with BCG-PSN was used to evaluate the transcriptional expression profiles via lncRNA sequencing. Real time PCR was conducted to validate the candidate gene expression.

Results

We found no significant difference in treatment efficacy between the BCG–PSN group (71.7%) and the monotherapy group (71.9%). However, the average time of complete relief in the BCG–PSN group was significantly shorter than that in the monotherapy group (36.77 ± 17.33 vs. 51.27 ± 16.80, p = 0.026). In vitro experiments showed that BCG-PSN inhibited β-hexosaminidase release rates in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells (p < 0.001). Sequencing data revealed the expression profiles of functional genes, including a significant decrease in Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4, which can be regulated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.

Discussion

CSU is a chronic, recurrent disease with complex pathogenesis. Mast cells and basophils are the primary target cells of the disease. BCG–PSN decrease the β-HEX release rates and regulated IgE-mediated mast cell activation in RBL-2H3 cells by mediating immune-related gene expression including ERBB4. These findings suggest that BCG–PSN may mediate ERBB4 expression via the NF-κB pathway and may have value in the treatment of CSU.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and the One Health concept
Authors: Hemida Maged Gomaa
Published: August 2019

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is one of the major threats to the healthcare systems in some countries, especially in the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV is considered an ideal example of the One Health concept. This is due to the animals, especially dromedary camels, play important roles in the transmission and sustainability of the virus, and the virus can be transmitted through aerosols of infected patients into the environment. However, there is some debate regarding the origin of MERS-CoV either from bats or other unknown reservoirs. The dromedary camel is the only identified animal reservoir to date. These animals play important roles in sustaining the virus in certain communities and may act as an amplifier of the virus by secreting it in their body fluids, especially in nasal and rectal discharges. MERS-CoV has been detected in the nasal and rectal secretions of infected camels, and MERS-CoV of this origin has full capacity to infect human airway epithelium in both in vitro and in vivo models. Other evidence confirms the direct transmission of MERS-CoV from camels to humans, though the role of camel meat and milk products has yet to be well studied. Human-to-human transmission is well documented through contact with an active infected patient or some silently infected persons. Furthermore, there are some significant risk factors of individuals in close contact with a positive MERS-CoV patient, including sleeping in the same patient room, removing patient waste (urine, stool, and sputum), and touching respiratory secretions from the index case. Outbreaks within family clusters have been reported, whereby some blood relative patients were infected through their wives in the same house were not infected. Some predisposing genetic factors favor MERS-CoV infection in some patients, which is worth investigating in the near future. The presence of other comorbidities may be another factor. Overall, there are many unknown/confirmed aspects of the virus/human/animal network. Here, the most recent advances in this context are discussed, and the possible reasons behind the emergence and sustainability of MERS-CoV in certain regions are presented. Identification of the exact mechanism of transmission of MERS-CoV from camels to humans and searching for new reservoir/s are of high priority. This will reduce the shedding of the virus into the environment, and thus the risk of human infection can be mitigated.
Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Keffi, Nigeria
Authors: Tama S. C. , Ngwai Y. B. , Nkene I. H. , Abimiku R. H.
Published: August 2019

Objectives: The present study reports extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from poultry droppings from selected poultry farms in Keffi, Nigeria.

Methods: Seventy-five (75) samples of poultry droppings were collected, and E. coli was isolated using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production by the isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  Molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method.

Results: All (100%) samples had E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance in the isolates were as follows: imipenem (12.0%), gentamicin (20.0%), cefoxitin (37.3%), cefotaxime (41.3%), ceftazidime (44.0%), ciprofloxacin (48.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (58.7%), streptomycin (92.0%),  sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (92.0%) and ampicillin (98.7%). Joint resistance to ampicillin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim-streptomycin was the commonest resistance phenotype at 10.6%. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.3% (73/75) of the isolates; and the most common MAR indices were 0.7 (21.9%), 0.5 (17.8%), 0.4 (16.4%), 0.8 (11.1%) and 0.3 (10.9%). Twenty three (46.9%) of the 49 cefotaxime/ceftazidime isolates were confirmed ESBL producers. Twenty-two of the 23 ESBL positive isolates (95.7%) carried the bla genes as follows: 95.5% (21/22) for blaSHV; 68.2% (15/22) for blaTEM; and 50.0% (11/22) for blaCTX-M. Eleven (50%) of the 22 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaCTX-M and blaTEM and blaSHV).

Conclusion: The E. coli isolates were less resistant to imipenem, gentamicin and cefoxitin; most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 7 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, the blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.