bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human and Nature in Physical Education and Health: A Diffractive Analysis of Policy Documents
Authors: Isaksson Karin , Backman Erik
Published: November 2024

The research field of physical education and health (PEH) holds a great potential for exploring environmental issues, but the interest has been scarce. In this paper, we aim to trouble the separation of humans and nature, which has long been reproduced in PEH research and practice. To frame the problem, we turn to environmental education (EE) research, where scholars have argued that the human/nature divide serves as a foundation for environmental degradation. Drawing on Karen Barad’s posthumanist framework of agential realism, we explore the emerging conceptualisations of humans and nature when Swedish PEH policy documents are diffractively read through previous research, the concept of agential cuts and our own historicities. The analysis is presented through three diffraction patterns emerging around movement, health and indoors/outdoors, phenomena which are central not only to PEH but also to EE. We conclude that thinking with diffraction can open spaces within PEH educational policy for reimagining existing binaries between humans and nature. In this way, PEH practice might contribute to troubling the foundations for environmental injustices and issues of unsustainability.
Virtuous Misanthropes
Authors: HALWANI RAJA
Published: November 2024

Recent discussions of misanthropy consider misanthropy to be cognitive at its core, consisting of the judgment that humanity is a failure. If this judgment is justified, then one question is whether one can be both a misanthrope and virtuous. This article argues that cognitive misanthropes can adopt a sympathetic outlook on humanity which is a necessary step for being virtuous. This is because the sympathetic outlook requires the virtue of practical wisdom, a special virtue in being either necessary or necessary and sufficient for other virtues. The article then argues that virtue is open to even some misanthropes whose misanthropy is also affective. Given that dislike is a common affective state among misanthropes, the article focuses on misanthropes who dislike humanity (as opposed to those who, say, hate it or view it with contempt) and argues that dislike is compatible with virtue. Misanthropes are thus not condemned to non-virtuous lives.
Supererogation, Suberogation, and Maximizing Expected Choiceworthiness
Authors: Sung Leora Urim
Published: November 2024

Recently, several philosophers have argued that, when faced with moral uncertainty, we ought to choose the option with the maximal expected choiceworthiness (MEC). This view has been challenged on the grounds that it is implausibly demanding. In response, those who endorse MEC have argued that we should take into account the all-things-considered choiceworthiness of our options. I argue that this gives rise to another problem: acts that we consider to be supererogatory are rendered impermissible, and acts that we consider to be suberogatory are rendered obligatory, under MEC. I suggest a way to reformulate MEC to solve this problem.
Perspective on Regional Sea-level Change and Coastal Impacts
Authors: McInnes Kathleen L. , Nicholls Robert J. , van de Wal Roderik , Behar David , Haigh Ivan D. , Hamlington Benjamin D. , Hinkel Jochen , Hirschfeld Daniella , Horton Benjamin P. , Melet Angelique , Palmer Matthew D. , Robel Alexander A. , Stammer Detlef , Sullivan Abby
Published: November 2024

We synthesize sea-level science developments, priorities and practitioner needs at the end of the 10-year World Climate Research Program Grand Challenge ’Regional Sea-Level Change and Coastal Impacts’. Sea-level science and associated climate services have progressed but are unevenly distributed. There remains deep uncertainty concerning high-end and long-term sea-level projections due to indeterminate emissions, the ice sheet response and other climate tipping points. These are priorities for sea-level science. At the same time practitioners need climate services that provide localized information including median and curated high-end sea-level projections for long-term planning, together with information to address near-term pressures, including extreme sea level-related hazards and land subsidence, which can greatly exceed current rates of climate-induced sea-level rise in some populous coastal settlements. To maximise the impact of scientific knowledge, ongoing co-production between science and practitioner communities is essential. Here we report on recent progress and ways forward for the next decade.
The Middle East as a natural laboratory to advance our understanding of global hyperarid drylands
Authors: Blanco-Sacristán Javier , García Francisca C. , Johansen Kasper , Maestre Fernando T. , Duarte Carlos M. , McCabe Matthew F.
Published: November 2024

Contrary to the common perception of hyperarid drylands as barren and lifeless, these regions are home to some of the planet’s most unique biodiversity and support over 100 million people. Despite their ecological and human significance, hyperarid drylands remain among the least studied biomes in the world. In this article, we explore how improving our understanding of hyperarid ecosystems in the Middle East can yield valuable insights applicable to other hyperarid regions. We examine how ongoing greening initiatives in the Middle East offer a unique opportunity to deepen our knowledge of dryland ecology and advocate for the establishment of a comprehensive research program in the region. This program would focus on ecosystem functionality across spatial and temporal scales, setting the stage for a global monitoring network for hyperarid drylands. Such efforts would inform conservation strategies and climate change mitigation, while also shedding light on the resilience and adaptability of hyperarid ecosystems to environmental change. Ultimately, this monitoring would guide management practices to preserve biodiversity, enhance ecosystem services and promote sustainable development in hyperarid regions worldwide.
The harmful side of absent leaders: Multifactor leadership and employees’ job-stress-related presenteeism
Authors: Mathieu Cynthia , Gilbreath Brad
Published: November 2024

This study tests the role of the full range leadership model’s leadership styles in employees’ job-stress-related presenteeism (JSRP). Further, the study tests a model that introduces mediating variables in the relationship between absent leaders and JSRP. Employees from four different types of organizations: police (N = 148), public service (N = 479, not-for-profit (N = 96), and construction (N = 214) completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire on their direct supervisor, as well as a self-report measures of JSRP, psychological distress, and work–life balance. Correlations and hierarchical linear regression models showed that laissez-faire leadership had the strongest influence on JSRP for all four organizations. The parallel mediation model results showed that both employee psychological distress and work–life balance partially mediated the relationship between laissez-faire leadership style and employees’ JSRP. These results underscore the importance of looking at absent leaders and how they affect employees negatively.
The next number in the sequence
Authors: Mahony John D.
Published: November 2024

Readers familiar with numbers and their patterns will most likely know of the game-playing exercise where one is invited to spot the next number in a sequence, only to find that after giving an answer there can be a multiplicity of possibilities, each of which is valid according to its own rule of sequence construction. This is an instance of partial sequence matching and the purpose of this note is to show how a simple method of constructing a partial sequence match can be achieved. It requires only a knowledge of polynomials and matrix algebra, which are topics within the grasp of an undergraduate, and will be instanced against the backdrop of some wellknown sequences.
Another generalisation of Stewart's Theorem
Authors: Krasopoulos Panagiotis T.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this Article is to present a natural generalisation of a well-known result from plane geometry, called Stewart's Theorem. We will present our result in the Euclidean space , but we will prove it only for n = 3. Since its proof for n > 3 is involved, our intention is to give the details in another Article. A search in the relative literature returns many articles which generalise Stewart's Theorem in different directions. We first refer the reader to [1], where a collection of generalisations of Stewart's theorem is presented. In [2], two results are given, which describe a relation between k points in the Euclidean space and their weighted average. If we apply these theorems to the plane, we straightforwardly get Stewart's Theorem. Another result is given in [3], which is also reproduced in [1]. This result considers n + 1 points in which belong to a hyperplane U of dimension n − 1 and another point A ∉ U , and presents an interesting relation that combines distances between each of these points and A, hypervolumes of simplices and powers of points with respect to hyperspheres. Another relative result which involves convex quadrilaterals on the plane is proved in [4]. Lastly, in [5], a generalisation of [4] is proved for 2k points in , and a relation is found between distances of these points and the distance of two corresponding averages (of these points). These articles support the fact that there can be many interesting generalisations of Stewart's Theorem in different directions.
Paradoxical oddities in two multiwinner elections from Scotland
Authors: Graham-Squire Adam , McCune David
Published: November 2024

If you were a candidate in an election, would you prefer more support from voters or less? Put another way: would you prefer that your campaign staff persuade more voters to vote for you, or fewer? These questions seem silly, because of course you would want more support from voters. Surprisingly, when using certain voting methods it is actually possible for more voter support to produce a worse result for a candidate; such an outcome is a type of monotonicity paradox. In [1], we searched for various types of monotonicity paradoxes in 1079 single-transferable vote (STV) elections from a database of Scottish local government elections. The purpose of this article is to present in detail two of the most interesting elections revealed by our search. These two elections are arguably the most paradox-riddled real-world political ranked choice elections ever documented, perhaps rivalled only by four single-winner examples from the United States: the 2009 mayoral election in Burlington, Vermont ([2, 3]); a 2021 city council race in Minneapolis, Minnesota [4]; the 2022 Special Election for US House in Alaska [5]; and the 2022 District 4 School Director election in Oakland, California [6]. The first election we present is the 2017 council election in the Buckie Ward of the Moray Council Area, which demonstrated the most extreme instance of a committee size monotonicity paradox ever observed in an actual election. The second election is the 2012 council election in the Steòrnabhagh a Tuath Ward of the Nah-Eileanan Siar Council Area, which demonstrated upward and downward monotonicity paradoxes, as well as a no-show paradox. To contextualise these elections, as part of our discussion we indicate how often these kinds of paradoxes occur in Scottish local government elections.
Relative validity of three diet quality scores derived from the Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire and Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire in Japanese adults
Authors: Oono Fumi , Murakami Kentaro , Shinozaki Nana , Kimoto Nana , Masayasu Shizuko , Sasaki Satoshi
Published: November 2024

No study has validated questionnaires for assessing easily calculable diet quality scores in Japan. The Brief-type self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (BDHQ) is widely used to assess dietary intake in Japan, while the Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire (MDHQ) assesses dietary intake for each meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks) and overall dietary intake. This study examined the relative validity of the BDHQ and MDHQ for assessing three diet quality scores in Japanese adults. A total of 111 women and 111 men aged 30–76 years completed the web MDHQ and BDHQ, followed by 4-non-consective-day weighed dietary records. The diet quality scores examined included the Diet Quality Score for Japanese (DQSJ), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score. The means of the three scores for overall diet from the BDHQ were not significantly different from those from the dietary records in both sexes, whereas those from the MDHQ were higher than those from the dietary records, except for the DASH and AMED in women. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between both questionnaires and dietary records were 0·57–0·63 for DQSJ, 0·49–0·57 for DASH and 0·31–0·49 for AMED across both sexes and both questionnaires. For each meal, Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the MDHQ and dietary records ranged from 0·01 (DASH for snacks in women) to 0·55 (DQSJ for breakfast in men), with a median of 0·35. This study showed that the ability of the BDHQ and MDHQ to rank individuals was good for DQSJ and DASH and acceptable for AMED.
THE PURPOSE OF THE GATEWAYS FOR SERVICE OUT OF THE JURISDICTION
Authors: Hook Maria
Published: November 2024

This article argues that the purpose of the English gateways for service out of the jurisdiction is to identify a presumptive meaningful connection; that courts have used different mechanisms to rebut the presumption of a meaningful connection established by the gateways; and that there are lessons to be learnt from a clearer, more explicit understanding of this presumptive purpose of the gateways. The article uses Brownlie (I and II) and Fong v Ascentic Ltd to support and illustrate these arguments.
Interplay of the magnetic and current density field topologies in axisymmetric devices for magnetic confinement fusion
Authors: Firpo Marie-Christine
Published: November 2024

In magnetic confinement fusion devices close to axisymmetry, such as tokamaks, a key element is the winding profile of the magnetic field lines, or its inverse, the safety profile

$q=q_{\boldsymbol {B}}$

. A corresponding profile,

$q_{\boldsymbol {J}}$

, can be defined for the current density field lines. Ampère's law relates any mode of current perturbation

$\delta \boldsymbol {J}_{m,n}$

with a mode of magnetic perturbation

$\delta \boldsymbol {B}_{m,n}$

. It is shown that the knowledge of the pair

$(q_{\boldsymbol {B}},q_{\boldsymbol {J}})$

allows us then to characterize the resonant, or non-resonant, nature of the modes for both the magnetic and current density field lines. The expression of

$q_{\boldsymbol {J}}$

in the flux coordinate is derived. Including this calculation in real-time Grad–Shafranov equilibrium reconstruction codes would yield a comprehensive view of the magnetics. The monitoring of the pair

$(q_{\boldsymbol {B}},q_{\boldsymbol {J}})$

would then allow us to investigate the role played by the resonant modes for the current density, that are current filamentary modes, in the plasma small-scale turbulence. By driving the magnetic and current density profiles apart so that the images of

$q_{\boldsymbol {B}}$

and

$q_{\boldsymbol {J}}$

are disjoint, these filamentary modes would not impact the magnetic field topology, being not associated with magnetic islands but with non-resonant magnetic modes. It remains to be explored to what extent such a configuration, where the spectrum of tiny current density filaments produces a spectrum of magnetic modes that has practically no effect on heat transport, is beneficial.
Impact of a free normal velocity boundary on the modelling of external MHD modes
Authors: Spinicci Luca , Bonfiglio Daniele , Cappello Susanna , Veranda Marco
Published: November 2024

Free normal-flow (NF) conditions at the plasma boundary are shown to be essential for three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to agree with linear stability theory. A comparative verification study is presented between two different formulations of the boundary conditions (BCs) for velocity perturbations: (i) fully consistent free NF implementation and (ii) fixed NF formulation, neglecting flow perturbations at the numerical boundary. Numerical results are compared with consolidated figures of merit from the linear theory of external kink modes. We consider two classes of initial equilibria presenting different numerical challenges: a uniform current channel surrounded by pure vacuum and a shaped Wesson-like equilibrium, with smooth (polynomial) radial dependency. Only the fully consistent free NF formulation is invariably accurate in modelling the plasma interface at the numerical boundary, without the need of enforcing a pseudovacuum region at the edge of the simulation domain, as in most analogous past studies. This study employs the cylindrical code SPECYL (Cappello & Biskamp, Nucl. Fusion, vol. 36, no. 5, 1996, p. 571) that solves a full-MHD model without pressure gradients, whose fully consistent resistive wall module with free NF BCs was recently successfully verified against the independent code PIXIE3D (Spinicci et al., AIP Adv., vol. 13, no. 9, 2023, p. 095111).
Exact boundary-value solution for an electromagnetic wave propagating in a linearly varying index of refraction
Authors: Lopez N.A.
Published: November 2024

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in a linearly varying index of refraction is a fundamental problem in wave physics, being relevant in fusion science for describing certain wave-based heating and diagnostic schemes. Here, an exact solution is obtained for a given incoming wavefield specified on the boundary transverse to the direction of inhomogeneity by performing a spectral, rather than asymptotic, matching. Two case studies are then presented: a Gaussian beam at oblique incidence and a speckled wavefield at normal incidence. For the Gaussian beam, it is shown that when the waist

$W$

is sufficiently large, oblique incidence manifests simply as rigid translation and focal shift of the corresponding diffraction pattern at normal incidence. The destruction of the hyperbolic umbilic caustic (corresponding to a critically focused beam) as

$W$

is reduced is then demonstrated. The caustic disappears once

$W \lesssim \delta _a \sqrt {L}$

(

$L$

being the medium length scale normalized by the Airy skin depth

$\delta _a$

), at which point the wave behaviour is increasingly described by Airy functions, but experiences less focusing as a result. To maximize the intensity of a launched Gaussian beam at a turning point, one should therefore minimize the imaginary part of the launched complex beam parameter while having the real part satisfy critical focusing. For the speckled wavefield, it is shown that the transverse speckle pattern only couples to the Airy longitudinal pattern when the coupling parameter

$\eta = \sqrt {L}/f_{\#}$

is large, with

$f_{\#}$

being the f-number of the launching aperture. When

$\eta \ll 1$

, a reduced description of the total wavefield can be obtained by simply multiplying the incoming speckle pattern with the Airy swelling.
THE SPECTRAL APPROACH TO LINEAR RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS MODELS
Authors: Al-Sadoon Majid M.
Published: November 2024

This paper considers linear rational expectations models in the frequency domain. The paper characterizes existence and uniqueness of solutions to particular as well as generic systems. The set of all solutions to a given system is shown to be a finite-dimensional affine space in the frequency domain. It is demonstrated that solutions can be discontinuous with respect to the parameters of the models in the context of nonuniqueness, invalidating mainstream frequentist and Bayesian methods. The ill-posedness of the problem motivates regularized solutions with theoretically guaranteed uniqueness, continuity, and even differentiability properties.
Generation of human–robot collaboration disassembly sequences for end-of-life lithium–ion batteries based on knowledge graph
Authors: Li Jie , Qu Weibin , Zheng Hangbin , Zhang Rong , Liu Shimin
Published: November 2024

The disassembly of end-of-life lithium–ion batteries (EOL-LIBs) is inherently complex, owing to their multi-state and multi-type characteristics. To mitigate these challenges, a human–robot collaboration disassembly (HRCD) model is developed. This model capitalizes on the cognitive abilities of humans combined with the advanced automation capabilities of robots, thereby substantially improving the disassembly process’s flexibility and efficiency. Consequently, this method has become the benchmark for disassembling EOL-LIBs, given its enhanced ability to manage intricate and adaptable disassembly tasks. Furthermore, effective disassembly sequence planning (DSP) for components is crucial for guiding the entire disassembly process. Therefore, this research proposes an approach for the generation of HRCD sequences for EOL-LIBs based on knowledge graph, providing assistance to individuals lacking relevant knowledge to complete disassembly tasks. Firstly, a well-defined disassembly process knowledge graph integrates structural information from CAD models and disassembly operating procedure. Based on the acquired information, DSP is conducted to generate a disassembly sequence knowledge graph (DSKG), which serves as a repository in graphical form. Subsequently, knowledge graph matching is employed to align nodes in the existing DSKG, thereby reusing node sequence knowledge and completing the sequence information for the target disassembly task. Finally, the proposed method is validated using retired power LIBs as a case study product.
Investments, credit guarantees, and government subsidies in a regime-switching framework
Authors: Liu Xiang , Yang Zhaojun
Published: November 2024

This paper examines how credit guarantees and government subsidies impact investment in a regime-switching model. We provide new explicit pricing formulas for a general standard asset. Almost all common corporate securities’ prices can be easily derived by the explicit formulas though project cash flows are driven by both a Brownian motion and a two-state Markov chain. We provide a method about how governments should specify a proper tax subsidy standard for a given tax rate to motivate a firm to invest in a project in the way they wish. If the tax subsidy is sufficiently high (low), an overinvestment (underinvestment) occurs. The higher the tax rate, the more significant the overinvestment (underinvestment). We pin down the subsidy amount required for motivating a firm to invest immediately and fix the optimal capital structure with government subsidies.
Multilevel Regime Decoupling: The Territorial Dimension of Autocratization and Contemporary Regime Change
Authors: Pérez Sandoval Javier
Published: November 2024

Regimes do not change consistently across territorial levels. There has been progress in understanding national democratic erosions and subnational regimes, but barring a few exceptions, these research strands have not engaged in a thorough dialogue. To bridge this gap, I contend that when democracy advances in one territorial level, but erodes in another, we observe multilevel regime decoupling (MRD). Using global data from the Varieties of Democracy project, I examine the 1990–2022 period, showing that the proportion of decoupled cases increased from 20% in the 1990s, to 43% in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Preliminary regression analyses and a descriptive exploration of Italy, South Africa, India, and the United States indicate the non-deterministic influence of structural factors and the potentially pivotal role of courts in facilitating decoupled change. Considering these findings, renewed data collection efforts and an actor-centred approach are needed to strengthen our understanding of the varieties of (de)coupled regime change that have become common over the last decade. Given that regimes across territorial levels increasingly move in separate directions, future assessments of autocratization and democratic change need to embed territorial considerations in their analysis to remain informative about citizens’ real-world experiences on the ground.
The #TrustedInfo2022 Dataset: States’ Trust-Building Social Media Campaigns during the 2022 Election Cycle
Authors: Merivaki Thessalia , Suttmann-Lea Mara , McCreary Mary-Catherine , Daniel Tyler
Published: November 2024

We introduce a dynamic dataset of all communications by state election officials (EOs) on social media during the 2022 election cycle and develop metrics to assess the effectiveness of trust-building strategies on voter confidence. We employ quantitative manual content analysis of 10,000 organic posts from 118 state EOs’ accounts on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter between September 10 and November 30, 2022, and code for the presence of variables that measure EOs’ efforts to combat misinformation and build trusted networks of communications. The measures we present here address two questions: (1) How much coordination was there among states in terms of incorporating the #TrustedInfo2022 campaign, promoted by the National Association of Secretaries of State, in their social media communications, and (2) How much of states’ social media communications explicitly signaled that EOs are trusted sources of information? We demonstrate the applicability of our data on research that evaluates the impact of trust-building campaigns on voter confidence in elections, which is grounded on theories of deliberative democracy and democratic listening.
Parametric Subharmonic Instability of the M2 Internal Tides in the Tokara Strait
Authors: Wang Shuya , Guo Xinyu , Cao Anzhou , Tsutsumi Eisuke , Chen Xu
Published: November 2024

The Tokara Strait is a mixing hotspot due to the coexistence of complex bottom topographies and strong composite flow including both the Kuroshio and tidal currents. Although previous studies have revealed several mechanisms from the view of Kuroshio‐Topography interaction, the role of tides in driving mixing is still not clear. Given that it is located at the M2 critical latitude (29°N), parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) is expected as an important process responsible for the mixing. Here, we study PSI of the M2 internal tides in the Tokara Strait based on a high‐resolution model. Our model results indicate that intense near‐inertial waves are generated via PSI, which exhibit a horizontally layered structure and have much larger vertical wavenumbers than the M2 internal tides. Energy is transferred from the M2 internal tides to the near‐inertial waves around the generation sites, and most of the near‐inertial energy is dissipated locally. The dissipation rates of near‐inertial waves are comparable to those of the M2 internal tides. Simulations with and without the Kuroshio Current revealed the suppression of PSI along the Kuroshio path, which could be attributed to two mechanisms. First, the Kuroshio Current modifies the local minimum internal wave frequency by its horizontal and vertical shear, making the condition for PSI not satisfied. Second, the Kuroshio Current advects the near‐inertial waves downstream in the Okinawa Trough, which inhibits the accumulation of near‐inertial energy there. However, in most of the areas outside the Kuroshio path, PSI majorly contributes to mixing in and around the Tokara Strait.
Large Reductions in Temperate Rainforest Biome Due to Unmitigated Climate Change
Authors: Silver Ben , Spracklen Dominick V. , DellaSala Dominick A. , Smith Callum
Published: November 2024

Temperate rainforests are rare ecosystems globally; restricted to cool, moist conditions that are sensitive to a changing climate. Despite their crucial conservation importance, a global assessment of how temperate rainforests will be impacted by climate change is lacking. We calculated historical (1970–2000) climate conditions for the temperate rainforest biome using ERA5 reanalysis data for three key bioclimatic variables: warmest quarter temperature, annual precipitation and proportion of rainfall during warmest quarter. We used high‐spatial resolution climate projections for these variables to identify regions likely to become unsuitable for temperate rainforests under four future shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. We predict unmitigated climate change (SSP 5–8.5) would lead to a 68.3 (95% confidence interval (95 CI): 53.4–81.3)% loss in the existing temperate rainforest biome by 2100 at a global scale with some national‐level reductions exceeding 90%. Restricting global warming to <2°C (consistent with SSP 1–2.6), limits loss of global temperate rainforest biome to 9.7 (95 CI: 7.8–13.3)% by 2100 and is crucial to ensuring temperate rainforest persistence. Deforestation has resulted in loss of up to 43% of the current temperate rainforest biome with only 37% of primary forest remaining, and some regions like Europe with virtually none. Protection and restoration of the temperate rainforest biome, along with emissions reductions, are vital to its climate future.
A sleepy cannabis constituent: cannabinol and its active metabolite influence sleep architecture in rats
Authors: Arnold Jonathon C. , Occelli Hanbury-Brown Cassandra V. , Anderson Lyndsey L. , Bedoya-Pérez Miguel A. , Udoh Michael , Sharman Laura A. , Raymond Joel S. , Doohan Peter T. , Ametovski Adam , McGregor Iain S.
Published: November 2024

Medicinal cannabis is being used worldwide and there is increasing use of novel cannabis products in the community. Cannabis contains the major cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), but also an array of minor cannabinoids that have undergone much less pharmacological characterization. Cannabinol (CBN) is a minor cannabinoid used in the community in “isolate’ products and is claimed to have pro-sleep effects comparable to conventional sleep medications. However, no study has yet examined whether it impacts sleep architecture using objective sleep measures. The effects of CBN on sleep in rats using polysomnography were therefore examined. CBN increased total sleep time, although there was evidence of biphasic effects with initial sleep suppression before a dramatic increase in sleep. CBN increased both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The magnitude of the effect of CBN on NREM was comparable to the sleep aid zolpidem, although, unlike CBN, zolpidem did not influence REM sleep. Following CBN dosing, 11-hydroxy-CBN, a primary metabolite of CBN surprisingly attained equivalently high brain concentrations to CBN. 11-hydroxy-CBN was active at cannabinoid CB1 receptors with comparable potency and efficacy to Δ9-THC, however, CBN had much lower activity. We then discovered that the metabolite 11-hydroxy-CBN also influenced sleep architecture, albeit with some subtle differences from CBN itself. This study shows CBN affects sleep using objective sleep measures and suggests an active metabolite may contribute to its hypnotic action.
Personality traits vary in their association with brain activity across situations
Authors: Hardikar Samyogita , McKeown Brontë , Turnbull Adam , Xu Ting , Valk Sofie L. , Bernhardt Boris C. , Margulies Daniel S. , Milham Michael P. , Jefferies Elizabeth , Leech Robert , Villringer Arno , Smallwood Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Human cognition supports complex behaviour across a range of situations, and traits (e.g. personality) influence how we react in these different contexts. Although viewing traits as situationally grounded is common in social sciences, often studies attempting to link brain activity to human traits examine brain-trait associations in a single task, or, under passive conditions like wakeful rest. These studies, often referred to as brain wide association studies (BWAS) have recently become the subject of controversy because results are often unreliable even with large sample sizes. Although there are important statistical reasons why BWAS yield inconsistent results, we hypothesised that the situation in which brain activity is measured will impact the power in detecting a reliable link to specific traits. We performed a state-space analysis where tasks from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) were organized into a low-dimensional space based on how they activated different large-scale neural systems. We examined how individuals’ observed brain activity across these different contexts related to their personality. We found that for multiple personality traits, stronger associations with brain activity emerge in some tasks than others. These data highlight the importance of context-bound views for understanding how brain activity links to trait variation in human behaviour.
Environment-sensitive turn-on fluorescent probe enables live cell imaging of myeloperoxidase activity during NETosis
Authors: Ramos Cáceres Enebie , Kemperman Lotte , Bonger Kimberly M.
Published: November 2024

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays an important role in the immune response of human neutrophils and has been implicated in autoimmune conditions, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegeneration. Current methods to detect MPO activity rely on the detection of HOCl using activatable probes or require challenging experimental procedures. Therefore, these tools provide limited information about the dynamics and localization of MPO in complex molecular processes such as NETosis in real time. In this study, we report a ‘’turn-on” activity-based probe that fluoresces exclusively upon binding to MPO, exhibits minimal background fluorescence in buffered aqueous media, and is blocked by MPO inhibitors. Our probe facilitates real-time imaging of direct MPO activity in human neutrophils and HL-60-derived granulocytes during NETosis under wash-free conditions. Furthermore, it allows for the discrimination between different triggers of NETosis in human neutrophils. These findings hold promise for advancing our understanding of the role of MPO in immune responses and inflammatory conditions.
Towards high-resolution water isotope analysis in ice cores using laser ablation – cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Authors: Malegiannaki Eirini , Bohleber Pascal , Zannoni Daniele , Stremtan Ciprian , Petteni Agnese , Stenni Barbara , Barbante Carlo , Vinther Bo M. , Gkinis Vasileios
Published: November 2024

A new micro-destructive technique for high-resolution water isotope analysis of ice samples using a Laser Ablation (LA) system coupled with a Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (CRDS) is presented.
Electrochemically modulated surface plasmon waves for characterization and interrogation of DNA-based sensors
Authors: Sharma Anil , Hulse Thomas , Qatamin Aymen H. , Moreno Monica , Souza Klester S. , Pereira Marcelo B. , Campos Fabricio S. , Carneiro Leandro B. , de Andrade Antonio M. H. , Roehe Paulo M. , Horowitz Flavio , Mendes Sergio B.
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on the application of electrochemically modulated surface plasmon waves for structural characterization and for assessing signal transduction performance of redox-labeled DNA-based sensing platforms.
A near-infrared frequency upconversion fluorescent probe for rapid and sensitive visual detection of sulfur dioxide
Authors: Zeng Hong , Ma Xiao , Pan Shufen , Han Yuting , Tang Yanyan , Fan Yulan , Wu Yongquan
Published: November 2024

A NIR FUCL probe NIRX-1 was proposed and applied to rapid and sensitive visualization of HSO3−in vitro and in vivo.
Nickel-catalyzed stereospecific reductive cross-coupling of vinyl chlorosilanes with axially chiral biaryl electrophiles
Authors: Yin Tiantian , Sui Shiyuan , Li Shuqi , Chang Junbiao , Bai Dachang
Published: November 2024

Nickel-catalyzed stereospecific reductive cross-coupling of vinyl chlorosilanes with chiral biaryl electrophiles for the synthesis of axially chiral organosilanes.
Polarizable AMOEBA force field predicts thin and dense hydration layer around monosaccharides
Authors: Newman Luke A. , Patton Mackenzie G. , Rodriguez Breyanna A. , Sumner Ethan W. , Vaissier Welborn Valerie
Published: November 2024

Polarizable force fields improve the modeling of carbohydrates in polar media.
Positional effects of electron-donating and withdrawing groups on the photophysical properties of single benzene fluorophores
Authors: Kim Dopil , Kim Jun Yeong , Kim Haein , Jeong Eunjin , Lee Minhyuk , Kim Dongwook , Kim JunWoo , Park Myung Hwan , Kim Min
Published: November 2024

The positional arrangement of amino and ester groups in SBBFs revealed crucial influences on their emission wavelengths.
Metal-free photocatalysts with charge-transfer excited states enable visible light-driven atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Huang Yuchen , Liu Yangxin , Yan Yingde , Gong Yanjun , Zhang Yifan , Che Yanke , Zhao Jincai
Published: November 2024

Metal-free donor–acceptor type molecular photocatalysts enable efficient O-ATRP under visible light, allowing for precise control over polymer molecular weight with low dispersity.
Base-promoted cascade 5-exo-dig annulation/carboxylation of o-(1-alkynyl)benzenesulfonamides with CO2: divergent synthesis of mono- or gem-dicarboxylic esters
Authors: Yao Yang , Bai Junxue , Cheng Peidong , Yang Han , Sun Jianwei , Sun Song
Published: November 2024

A base-promoted cascade 5-exo-dig annulation/carboxylation of o-(1-alkynyl)benzenesulfonamides with CO2 for the synthesis of mono- or gem-dicarboxylic esters.
Axial oxygen-bridged FeN4O/NC produced by ultrafast Joule heating for efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Feng , Guo Xinyu , Zhong Yan , Fu Shaqi , Li Jingsha , Zhang Chunmei , Zhang Heng , Ye Fenghui , Yuan Shuai , Hu Chuangang , Guo Chunxian
Published: November 2024

The unique axial oxygen ligands’ synergistic FeN4 sites in FeN4O/NC have lower energy barriers of ORR intermediates, thus enhancing the ORR activity.
Bio-templated synthesis of hierarchical polypyrrole-coated VS4 for supercapacitors
Authors: Ding Yao , Shi Zhong Yi , Li Kailin , Rao Jinsong , Gong Xiaobin , Liu Shupei , Yang Bo , Zhang Yu Xin
Published: November 2024

De@VS4@PPy with a cross-layered structure was synthesized, which has excellent electrochemical energy storage properties.
Cu nanosheets with exposed (111) crystal facets for highly efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction toward methanol production
Authors: Chen Yuyuan , Huang Yachang , Hu Xia , Lin Sijie , Ma De-Kun
Published: November 2024

Cu nanosheets with exposed (111) crystal facets showed a highly efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction toward methanol production.
Uniaxial tensile strain impact on 1T-NbS2 monolayers as cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Ren Shanling , Tan Xiaocong , Huang Xin , Yang Zhihong , Wang Yunhui
Published: November 2024

The 1T-NbS2 monolayer post strain exhibits enhanced adsorption energy and reduced barriers for both Li2S decomposition and lithium-ion diffusion, making it a compelling candidate for advanced energy storage applications.
B92: a complete coating icosahedral B12 core–shell structure
Authors: Chen Yi-Sha , Guo Jing-Jing , Liu Peng-Bo , Zhao Hui-Yan , Wang Jing , Liu Ying
Published: November 2024

A spherically aromatic core–shell B12@B80 structure featuring a B12 icosahedral core is the smallest complete coating icosahedral B12 core–shell Bn cluster to date.
Decoupling capacity fade and voltage decay of Li-rich Mn-rich cathodes by tailoring surface reconstruction pathways
Authors: Lim Gukhyun , Cho Min Kyung , Choi Jaewon , Zhou Ke-Jin , Shin Dongki , Jeon Seungyun , Kwon Minhyung , Jeon A-Re , Choi Jinkwan , Sohn Seok Su , Lee Minah , Hong Jihyun
Published: November 2024

Stabilizing lattice oxygen at the electrochemical interface of Li-/Mn-rich cathodes preferentially promotes layered-to-spinel phase transition and suppresses rocksalt phase formation, offering excellent capacity retention.
A review on organic nanoparticle-based optoelectronic devices: from synthesis to applications
Authors: Liu Zhe , Xie Chen , Heumueller Thomas , McCulloch Iain , Brabec Christoph J. , Huang Fei , Cao Yong , Li Ning
Published: November 2024

An overview of water/alcohol-based organic nanoparticles applied in optoelectronic devices, encompassing the entire journey from nanoparticle synthesis to practical applications.
Advancing high-temperature electrostatic energy storage via linker engineering of metal–organic frameworks in polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Xie Zongliang , Huang Zhiyuan , Li He , Xu Tianlei , Zhao Haoyu , Wang Yunfei , Pang Xi , Cao Zhiqiang , Altoé Virginia , Klivansky Liana M. , Wang Zaiyu , Shelton Steve W. , Lai Shiqi , Liu Peng , Zhu Chenhui , Connolly Michael D. , Ralston Corie Y. , Gu Xiaodan , Peng Zongren , Zhang Jian , Liu Yi
Published: November 2024

Linker engineering of the UiO-66-based metal–organic framework series reveals its untapped potential as nanofillers for boosting the heat-resistant electrostatic energy storage performance of polyetherimide at 200 °C.
Correction: Using integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to explore the effects of infant formula on the growth and development of small intestinal organoids
Authors: Wang Xianli , Jing Yuxin , Zheng Chengdong , Huang Chenxuan , Yao Haiyang , Guo Zimo , Wu Yilun , Wang Zening , Wu Zhengyang , Ge Ruihong , Cheng Wei , Yan Yuanyuan , Jiang Shilong , Sun Jianguo , Li Jingquan , Xie Qinggang , Li Xiaoguang , Wang Hui
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Using integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to explore the effects of infant formula on the growth and development of small intestinal organoids’ by Xianli Wang et al., Food Funct., 2024, 15, 9191–9209, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo01723d.
External electric field assisted laser-induced plasma and bubble dynamics for optimizing Mn2O3 nanoparticles as UV emitters
Authors: Kharphanbuh Sanchia Mae , Nath Arpita
Published: November 2024

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and beam deflection setup are used to investigate the changes at the breakdown region in the presence of the external electric field.
SPCal – an open source, easy-to-use processing platform for ICP-TOFMS-based single event data
Authors: Lockwood Thomas E. , Schlatt Lukas , Clases David
Published: November 2024

SPCal is a comprehensive data processing platform for single event ICP-MS data. It supports the analysis of both quadrupole and TOF data sets. Various tools (e.g., non-target screening, compositional and conditional analysis) are implemented.
Trace xenon detection in ambient helium by double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Garrett L. , Burger M. , Lee Y. , Kim H. , Sabharwall P. , Choi S. , Jovanovic I.
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate double-pulse LIBS enhances the Xenon signal up to 14× at a concentration of 1 μmol mol−1 in an ambient helium environment.
SERS-based pump-free microfluidic chip sensor for highly sensitive competitive immunoassay of cortisol in human sweat
Authors: Xiong Siyue , Zhu Chushu , Wang Chengxuan , Dong Peitao , Wu Xuezhong
Published: November 2024

A SERS-based pump-free microfluidic chip sensor.
Electric field and strain mediated zinc blende ZnSe: exploring its potential as a controlled stimulus responsive optical and optoelectronic material
Authors: Alam Fakhar E. , Ali Basharat , Arif Suneela
Published: November 2024

Charge density distribution upon the application of stimulus (a)–(f) electric field (g)–(l) biaxial compressive and tensile strain in the primitive zinc blende ZnSe unit cell calculated using the GGA scheme.
Promising single crystal host for bulk scintillators: luminescence and energy migration in (Gd,Y)AlO3
Authors: Kotyková Monika , Kučerková Romana , Beitlerová Alena , Babin Vladimir , Jarý Vítězslav , Touš Jan , Polák Jan , Blažek Karel , Nikl Martin
Published: November 2024

By means of the photoluminescence decay temperature dependence, the energy migration in the Gd-sublattice was investigated in a promising host material, (Gd,Y)AlO3, intended for Ce-doped bulk scintillators for gamma radiation detection.
Enhancement of smoke and toxic gas suppression during combustion and improvement of the mechanical properties of epoxy resin by incorporation of a modified MOF material containing the phosphoheterophene group
Authors: Fang Yan , Liang Jie , Song Xiaobo , Feng Lu , Zhou Hong , Zhou Chenyu
Published: November 2024

A modified MOF material simultaneously improves the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin at low addition amounts.
Sulfonylation/cyclization of alkynes with sulfonyl chlorides by copper catalysis
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Chen-Chen , Sun Yu , Yang Xiao-Lan , Yang Wen-Chao , Liu Jing-Lan
Published: November 2024

A gentle and remarkably effective copper-catalyzed method for the cascade sulfonylation of alkynes using sulfonyl chlordies as the direct sulfonylating reagents, is presented.
A fluorescent sensor array based on carbon dots for the accurate determination of pH
Authors: Guo Haobo , Lesani Pooria , Zreiqat Hala , New Elizabeth J.
Published: November 2024

The combination of machine learning techniques with a set of carbon dot (CD) based pH sensors enables the identification of two CDs that can accurately determine pH values.
Deghosting method for cross localization in distributed high frequency surface wave radar
Authors: Cui Na , Chen Xuekun , Yu Changjun
Published: November 2024

In this article, the challenging problem of multi‐target cross localization within a novel distributed high‐frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is tackled. This system consists of two transmitter‐receiver pairs, each of which can correspondingly generate a set of Range‐Doppler measurements. By associating the Range‐Doppler measurements from the same target, the individual target location can be derived using the associated measurements. However, when multiple targets are involved, it is unknown which measurements originate from the same target, leading to ambiguities in the measurement‐to‐measurement association. False associations can result in ghosts, ultimately degrading the overall system performance. To deal with the ghosts, a three‐stage deghosting method is proposed that incorporates the geometric characteristics of the system, the velocity features of the targets, and the motion features of the targets across multiple frames. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the other investigated deghosting algorithms. The proposed approach exhibits robust target detection capability while significantly reducing both the OSPA error and the cardinality error.
Nutritional value and characteristics of chitin from slipper lobster (Thenus orientalis) for functional food ingredient
Authors: Karnila Rahman , Fauzi Muhammad , Zulfarina  , Syah Putra Harifa , Desmylyla Safitry Nazywa , Darmila Ika , Al Fatah Syafiq
Published: November 2024

Slipper lobster lives on the bottom of sandy marine waters. The nutritional content and utilization of its large carapace (50%) can be converted into chitin. However, the potential of it has not been fully utilized due to the lack of biological information and nutritional value. This study aims to determine the nutritional content of Slipper lobster and determine the characteristics of its chitin. This research used a descriptive method. Parameters observed include morphology, proportion, chemical composition, and deacetylation degree. The result showed that Slipper lobster weighs about 80-240 g with a length of 15.2-24.7 cm, with a carapace percentage of 53.85% greater than the percentage of meat at 34.98%. tThe nutritional values of carapace and meat were protein 37.90%, 88.10%, fat 0.08%, 0,26%, carbohydrate 0.31%, 3.94%, fiber 6.28%, 1.38%, ash 55.43%, 6.32%, and water 41.95%, 77.19%, respectively. Furthermore, deacetylation degree of chitins was 64.10% which had a water content of 3.50%, ash 5.85%, and minerals potassium 6.75 mg/L, calcium 114.95 mg/L, sodium 15.65 mg/L, and iron 0.95 mg/L. This data showed that Slipper lobster has potential as a functional food ingredients, such as a protein isolates and hydrolysates, but the characteristics of chitin can be improved through chitosan extraction process.