ЦИФРОВЫЕ ПЛАТФОРМЫ И ЦИФРОВЫЕ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ: ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СУЩНОСТЬ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ С ИННОВАЦИОННЫМИ КЛАСТЕРАМИ
Authors: Напольских Д.Л. 
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрен процесс внедрения термина «экосистема» в экономическую науку, выделены основные признаки экономических экосистем. Обобщены теоретические подходы к сущностному содержанию двух наиболее распространённых в рамках цифровой экономики экосистем кластерного типа: цифровых платформ и цифровых экосистем. Систематизированы основные научные подходы к определению цифровых платформ, их ключевым функциям и составу участников. Представлены уточнённые критерии классификации и виды цифровых платформ в современных экономических условиях. В рамках исследования предлагается уточнённое определение цифровой экосистемы, выделены основные признаки цифровых экосистем. Интеграция кластеров, цифровых платформ и экосистем предлагается в качестве перспективного направления синхронизации процессов инновационного развития российских регионов.

To date, balanced development of national digital platforms and ecosystems is a key factor in ensuring economic sustainability in the context of digital transformation. The two main trends fuelling the formation and further development of Russian ecosystems on the basis of digital platforms are the development/acquisition of platforms and services satisfying the groups of customer needs previously unmet by the company and the growing economic effects of closer integration and interconnection of digital platforms and services already existing within an ecosystem. The current global trends in the development of the platform economy give added importance to the theoretical and methodological work on the development of mechanisms for integrating digital platforms and ecosystems with industrial enterprises united into innovation clusters at the territorial level. The relevance of considering the economic essence of digital platforms and ecosystems as cluster-type economic systems along with studying their similarities with innovation clusters have determined the aim and objectives of the study. The aim of the study is to determine the economic essence of digital platforms and ecosystems, as well as the prospects of their integration with innovation clusters. The theoretical basis of the study is made up of scientific concepts and approaches within the theories of cluster development and digital transformation of the economy, in particular, the model of development of territorial innovation clusters, as well as contemporary research into the development processes of digital platforms and ecosystems. Conclusion. The formation and development of Russian digital platforms and ecosystems, as well as their integration with innovation clusters, are driven by the intensified global competition in digital markets, increasingly complex nature of innovation activity, and the need for enhanced alignment and synchronization in the development of regional innovation systems. We also consider the integration of innovation clusters, digital platforms and ecosystems as one of the promising areas of regional economic development within the new context. As a form of this integration, we propose the previously described model of the innovative hypercluster, a type of innovative multiclusters that develops on the basis of digital environments and platforms and is characterized by multi-industry specialization, transregional nature of economic activity, and multi-core structure of participants’ network interactions.