bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pseudo-Static Tests on Top Joints of Hybrid Precast Utility Tunnel
Authors: Xue Weichen , Chen Shengyang , Bai Haoyang
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces a new type of hybrid precast MUT, consisting of precast composite top slab and double-skin sidewalls with reserved rebar. The seismic behavior of the top joints was examined through pseudo-static tests. Four full-scale specimens, including both exterior and interior precast joints, in addition to two corresponding cast-in-place (CIP) joints, were fabricated and subjected to reversed cyclic loading. The results showed that both the precast and CIP joints exhibited flexure failure, characterized by the formation of a plastic hinge at the end of the sidewall. The hysteresis curves of both precast and CIP joints exhibited comparable shapes and quantities of hysteresis loops. The load-carrying capacities for exterior precast joints and corresponding CIP joints were 141.25 kN and 143.5 kN, exhibiting a difference of less than 1.6%. The load-carrying capacities for interior precast and corresponding CIP joints were 60.5 kN and 62.75 kN, displaying a variance of less than 3.6%. The precast specimens demonstrated comparable levels of ductility, energy dissipation, and structural integrity as the CIP specimens. These findings provide validation for designing and analyzing the hybrid precast utility tunnel using identical principles and models as applied CIP structures.
Oncological Efficacy of Robotic Nephroureterectomy vs. Open and Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Suspected Non-Metastatic UTUC—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rajan Karthik , Khalifa Ahmad , Geraghty Robert , Parmar Kalpesh , KandaSwamy Gokul , Gómez Rivas Juan , Somani Bhaskar , Rai Bhavan Prasad
Published: October 2023

Introduction and Aims: The optimal approach for nephroureterectomy in patients with suspected UTUC remains a point of debate. In this review, we compare the oncological outcomes of robotic nephroureterectomy (RNU) with open (ONU) or laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU). Methods: All randomized trials and observational studies comparing RNU with ONU and/or LNU for suspected non-metastatic UTUC are included in this review. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the Cochrane Guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The primary outcome measures were overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and intravesical recurrence-free survival (IV-RFS). The secondary outcome measures were the lymph node dissection (LND) rates, positive margin rates, and the proportion of patients receiving bladder intravesical chemotherapy. Results: We identified 8172 references through our electronic searches and 8 studies through manual searching. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients in the review was 18,964. RNU had superior OS compared to LNU (HR: 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.93), p-0.002 (very low certainty)). RNU and ONU had similar OS (HR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.52, 1.34), p-0.44 (very low certainty)). One study reported an independent association of RNU as a worse predictor of IV-RFS when compared to ONU (HR-1.73 (95% CI: 1.22, 2.45)). The LND rates were higher in the RNU cohort when compared to the LNU cohort (RR 1.24 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.51), p-0.03 (low certainty)). The positive margin rate was lower in the RNU cohort when compared to the ONU cohort (RR 0.29 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.86), p-0.03 (low certainty)). Conclusion: RNU offers comparable oncological efficacy to ONU, except for intravesical recurrence-free survival (IV-RFS). RNU has fewer positive surgical margin rates compared to ONU in well-balanced studies. RNU appears to outperform LNU for certain oncological parameters, such as OS and the proportion of patients who receive lymph node dissections. The quality of evidence comparing surgical techniques for UTUC has remained poor in the last decade.
Colorectal Cancer Is Borrowing Blueprints from Intestinal Ontogenesis
Authors: Billingsley Jacob L. , Yevdokimova Veronika , Ayoub Kristina , Benoit Yannick D.
Published: October 2023

Colorectal tumors are heterogenous cellular systems harboring small populations of self-renewing and highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs). Understanding the mechanisms fundamental to the emergence of CSCs and colorectal tumor initiation is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Two recent studies have highlighted the importance of developmental gene expression programs as potential therapeutic targets to suppress pro-oncogenic stem cell populations in the colonic epithelium. Specifically, a subset of aberrant stem cells was identified in preneoplastic intestinal lesions sharing significant transcriptional similarities with fetal gut development. In such aberrant stem cells, Sox9 was shown as a cornerstone for altered cell plasticity, the maintenance of premalignant stemness, and subsequent colorectal tumor initiation. Independently, chemical genomics was used to identify FDA-approved drugs capable of suppressing neoplastic self-renewal based on the ontogenetic root of a target tumor and transcriptional programs embedded in pluripotency. Here, we discuss the joint conclusions from these two approaches, underscoring the importance of developmental networks in CSCs as a novel paradigm for identifying therapeutics targeting colorectal cancer stemness.
Cost–Utility and Budget Impact Analyses of Oral Chemotherapy for Stage III Colorectal Cancer: Real-World Evidence after Policy Implementation in Thailand
Authors: Phisalprapa Pochamana , Kositamongkol Chayanis , Korphaisarn Krittiya , Akewanlop Charuwan , Srimuninnimit Vichien , Supakankunti Siripen , Apiraksattayakul Natnasak , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn
Published: October 2023

This study conducted a cost–utility analysis and a budget impact analysis (BIA) of outpatient oral chemotherapy versus inpatient intravenous chemotherapy for stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) in Thailand. A Markov model was constructed to estimate the lifetime cost and health outcomes based on a societal perspective. Eight chemotherapy strategies were compared. Clinical and cost data on adjuvant chemotherapy were collected from the medical records of 1747 patients at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. The cost-effectiveness results were interpreted against a Thai willingness-to-pay threshold of USD 5003/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. A 5-year BIA was performed. Of the eight strategies, CAPOX then FOLFIRI yielded the highest life-year and QALY gains. Its total lifetime cost was also the highest. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of CAPOX then FOLFIRI compared to 5FU/LV then FOLFOX, a commonly used regimen USD was 4258 per QALY gained.The BIA showed that when generic drug prices were applied, 5-FU/LV then FOLFOX had the smallest budgetary impact (USD 9.1 million). CAPOX then FOLFIRI required an approximately three times higher budgetary level (USD 25.1 million). CAPOX then FOLFIRI is the best option. It is cost-effective compared with 5-FU/LV then FOLFOX. However, policymakers should consider the relatively high budgetary burden of the CAPOX then FOLFIRI regimen.
Effect of Vitamin B12 Replacement Intervals on Clinical Symptoms and Laboratory Findings in Gastric Cancer Patients after Total Gastrectomy
Authors: Park Sin Hye , Eom Sang Soo , Lee Hyewon , Eom Bang Wool , Yoon Hong Man , Kim Young-Woo , Ryu Keun Won
Published: October 2023

The management of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency after total gastrectomy (TG) remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin B12 replacement intervals on the clinical characteristics in these patients. The data from patients who received vitamin B12 supplementation after TG between 2007 and 2018 at the National Cancer Center, Korea, were retrospectively evaluated. Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as a serum vitamin B12 level of <200 pg/mL or urine methylmalonic acid level > 3.8 mg/gCr. The patients were divided into a regular replacement group (patients received an intramuscular injection or oral medication regularly), and a lab-based replacement group (patients received vitamin B12 intermittently after checking the level). The symptoms and biochemical parameters were compared between these groups. The regular and lab-based replacement groups included 190 and 216 patients, respectively. The median vitamin B12 replacement intervals were 1 and 9 months, respectively (p < 0.001). After replacement, the regular replacement group had higher vitamin B12 levels than the lab-based replacement group (p < 0.001). However, the serum hemoglobin level showed no significant changes. After replacement, there was no significant difference in the proportion of the symptomatic patients between the groups. Replacing vitamin B12 with a lab-based protocol may be sufficient for TG patients.
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Neutropenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moinard-Butot Fabien , Nannini Simon , Fischbach Cathie , Abdallahoui Safa , Demarchi Martin , Petit Thierry , Bender Laura , Schott Roland
Published: October 2023

Lung cancers with ALK rearrangement represent less than 5% of all lung cancers. ALK inhibitors are currently used to treat first-line metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangement. Compared to chemotherapy, ALK inhibitors have improved progression-free survival, overall survival, and quality of life for patients. The results of several phase 3 studies with a follow-up of over 6 years suggest that the life expectancy of these patients treated with targeted therapies is significantly higher than 5 years and could approach 10 years. Nevertheless, these treatments induce haematological toxicities, including neutropenia. Few data are available on neutropenia induced by ALK inhibitors and on the pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic adaptations necessary to continue the treatment. Given the high efficacy of these treatments, managing side effects to avoid treatment interruptions is essential. Here, we have reviewed the data from published clinical studies and case reports to provide an overview of neutropenia induced by ALK inhibitors.
Selective Internal Radiotherapy (SIRT) and Chemosaturation Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion (CS-PHP) for Metastasized Uveal Melanoma: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Kolb Manuel , Forschner Andrea , Artzner Christoph , Grözinger Gerd , Said Ines , Dittmann Helmut , Seith Ferdinand
Published: October 2023

Even with liver-targeted therapies, uveal melanoma with hepatic metastasis remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of patients treated with either SIRT or CS-PHP. We included 62 patients with hepatic metastasized uveal melanoma (n = 34 with SIRT, receiving 41 cycles; n = 28 with CS-PHP, receiving 56 cycles) that received their treatments between 12/2013 and 02/2020 at a single center. We evaluated their response according to the RECIST 1.1, as well as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), after the initiation of the first cycle of the liver-directed treatment using Cox regression, adjusted via propensity score analysis for confounders, including the amount of hepatic involvement. The disease control rate was 18% for SIRT and 30% for CS-PHP. The median (range) of PFS was 127.5 (19–1912) days for SIRT and 408.5 (3–1809) days for CS-PHP; adjusted Cox regression showed no significant difference (p = 0.090). The median (range) of OS was 300.5 (19–1912) days for SIRT and 516 (5–1836) days for CS-PHP; adjusted Cox regression showed a significant difference (p = 0.006). In our patient cohort, patients treated with CS-PHP showed a significantly longer OS than patients treated with SIRT. CS-PHP might therefore be preferable for patients with liver-dominant metastatic uveal melanoma.
In Vivo Application of Carboranes for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT): Structure, Formulation and Analytical Methods for Detection
Authors: Marforio Tainah Dorina , Carboni Andrea , Calvaresi Matteo
Published: October 2023

Carboranes have emerged as one of the most promising boron agents in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this context, in vivo studies are particularly relevant, since they provide qualitative and quantitative information about the biodistribution of these molecules, which is of the utmost importance to determine the efficacy of BNCT, defining their localization and (bio)accumulation, as well as their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. First, we gathered a detailed list of the carboranes used for in vivo studies, considering the synthesis of carborane derivatives or the use of delivery system such as liposomes, micelles and nanoparticles. Then, the formulation employed and the cancer model used in each of these studies were identified. Finally, we examined the analytical aspects concerning carborane detection, identifying the main methodologies applied in the literature for ex vivo and in vivo analysis. The present work aims to identify the current strengths and weakness of the use of carboranes in BNCT, establishing the bottlenecks and the best strategies for future applications.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma: From Pathogenesis to Diagnostic and Surveillance Strategies
Authors: Catanzaro Elisa , Gringeri Enrico , Burra Patrizia , Gambato Martina
Published: October 2023

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common malignancy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), accounting for 2–8% of cases and being the leading cause of death in these patients. The majority of PSC-associated CCAs (PSC-CCA) develop within the first few years after PSC diagnosis. Older age and male sex, as well as concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or high-grade biliary stenosis, are some of the most relevant risk factors. A complex combination of molecular mechanisms involving inflammatory pathways, direct cytopathic damage, and epigenetic and genetic alterations are involved in cholangiocytes carcinogenesis. The insidious clinical presentation makes early detection difficult, and the integration of biochemical, radiological, and histological features does not always lead to a definitive diagnosis of PSC-CCA. Surveillance is mandatory, but current guideline strategies failed to improve early detection and consequently a higher patient survival rate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), gene methylation, proteomic and metabolomic profile, and extracellular vesicle components are some of the novel biomarkers recently applied in PSC-CCA detection with promising results. The integration of these new molecular approaches in PSC diagnosis and monitoring could contribute to new diagnostic and surveillance strategies.
Enzymatic Glycosylation Strategies in the Production of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Andreu Alicia , Ćorović Marija , Garcia-Sanz Carla , Santos A. Sofia , Milivojević Ana , Ortega-Nieto Clara , Mateo Cesar , Bezbradica Dejan , Palomo Jose M.
Published: October 2023

Enzymatic glycosylation is a versatile and sustainable biotechnological approach that plays a pivotal role in the production of bioactive compounds. This process involves the enzymatic transfer of sugar moieties onto various acceptor molecules, such as small molecules, peptides, or proteins, resulting in the synthesis of glycosides. These glycosides often exhibit enhanced bioactivity, improved solubility, and enhanced stability, making them valuable in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and the food industry. This review explores the diverse enzymatic glycosylation strategies employed in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. It highlights the enzymatic catalysts involved, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, glycophosphorylases, and glycosynthases. It considers the advantages and disadvantages of these biocatalysts in the stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of different types of glycosylated molecules, phenolic and aliphatic alcohols, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoderivatives, glycopeptides, and glycoproteins with a clear focus on food and pharmaceutical chemistry. Furthermore, the review outlines various sources of sugar donors, activated glycosides, and sugar nucleotides, as well as the utilization of engineered enzymes and microorganisms for glycosylation reactions. The advantages of enzymatic glycosylation, including its high regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, and sustainability, are emphasized. Therefore, these approaches combining the use of different catalytic systems, the improvement of tools such as immobilization technology or chemical or genetic modification to improve the glycosylation process, could be useful tools in continuous biotechnological advancements.
Agomir-331 Suppresses Reactive Gliosis and Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Jin-Xing , Xiao Xiao , He Xuan-Cheng , He Bao-Dong , Liu Chang-Mei , Teng Zhao-Qian
Published: October 2023

Traumatic brain injury usually triggers glial scar formation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological features are largely unknown. Using a mouse model of hippocampal stab injury (HSI), we observed that miR-331, a brain-enriched microRNA, was significantly downregulated in the early stage (0–7 days) of HSI. Intranasal administration of agomir-331, an upgraded product of miR-331 mimics, suppressed reactive gliosis and neuronal apoptosis and improved cognitive function in HSI mice. Finally, we identified IL-1β as a direct downstream target of miR-331, and agomir-331 treatment significantly reduced IL-1β levels in the hippocampus after acute injury. Our findings highlight, for the first time, agomir-331 as a pivotal neuroprotective agent for early rehabilitation of HSI.
Lung Organotypic Slices Enable Rapid Quantification of Acute Radiotherapy Induced Toxicity
Authors: Dubail Maxime , Heinrich Sophie , Portier Lucie , Bastian Jessica , Giuliano Lucia , Aggar Lilia , Berthault Nathalie , Londoño-Vallejo José-Arturo , Vilalta Marta , Boivin Gael , Sharma Ricky A. , Dutreix Marie , Fouillade Charles
Published: October 2023

To rapidly assess healthy tissue toxicities induced by new anti-cancer therapies (i.e., radiation alone or in combination with drugs), there is a critical need for relevant and easy-to-use models. Consistent with the ethical desire to reduce the use of animals in medical research, we propose to monitor lung toxicity using an ex vivo model. Briefly, freshly prepared organotypic lung slices from mice were irradiated, with or without being previously exposed to chemotherapy, and treatment toxicity was evaluated by analysis of cell division and viability of the slices. When exposed to different doses of radiation, this ex vivo model showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell division and viability. Interestingly, monitoring cell division was sensitive enough to detect a sparing effect induced by FLASH radiotherapy as well as the effect of combined treatment. Altogether, the organotypic lung slices can be used as a screening platform to rapidly determine in a quantitative manner the level of lung toxicity induced by different treatments alone or in combination with chemotherapy while drastically reducing the number of animals. Translated to human lung samples, this ex vivo assay could serve as an innovative method to investigate patients’ sensitivity to radiation and drugs.
Enhanced Transcriptional Signature and Expression of Histone-Modifying Enzymes in Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Manou Maria , Loupis Theodoros , Vrachnos Dimitrios M. , Katsoulas Nikolaos , Theocharis Stamatios , Kanakoglou Dimitrios S. , Basdra Efthimia K. , Piperi Christina , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: October 2023

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are rare and complex neoplasms characterized by heterogenous histology and clinical behavior as well as resistance to systemic therapy. Tumor etiology is currently under elucidation and an interplay of genetic and epigenetic changes has been proposed to contribute to tumor development. In this work, we investigated epigenetic regulators and histone-modifying factors that may alter gene expression and participate in the pathogenesis of SGT neoplasms. We performed a detailed bioinformatic analysis on a publicly available RNA-seq dataset of 94 ACC tissues supplemented with clinical data and respective controls and generated a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of chromatin and histone modification factors. A significant upregulation of TP53 and histone-modifying enzymes SUV39H1, EZH2, PRMT1, HDAC8, and KDM5B, along with the upregulation of DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A and ubiquitin ligase UHRF1 mRNA levels, as well as a downregulation of lysine acetyltransferase KAT2B levels, were detected in ACC tissues. The protein expression of p53, SUV39H1, EZH2, and HDAC8 was further validated in SGT tissues along with their functional deposition of the repressive histone marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, respectively. Overall, this study is the first to detect a network of interacting proteins affecting chromatin structure and histone modifications in salivary gland tumor cells, further providing mechanistic insights in the molecular profile of SGTs that confer to altered gene expression programs.
Simulation Evaluation of a Novel Ice-Melting Sprinkling Technique for Blade
Authors: Lei Gang , Li Guohao , Feng Fang
Published: October 2023

The blades of some airborne equipment are prone to icing under supercooled cloud conditions. In this paper, we propose an anti-deicing spray method to prevent blades from icing at low temperatures. Using computational fluid dynamics modeling and orthogonal experimental methods, we investigated the effects of the blade angle of attack, inlet wind speed, and nozzle mass flow rate on the thickness and coverage of the liquid layer of spray material and examined the use of deflectors in this study. We found the magnitude and change rule of the influence of the previously mentioned parameters on the liquid film thickness and coverage of sprayed material to be the nozzle mass flow rate is greater than the blade angle of attack and greater than the inlet wind speed. Under the optimal combination of conditions of α = 30°, u0 = 6 m/s, and Q = 0.003 kg/s, the liquid film thickness was maximized, and the liquid film thickness was 0.037 mm; under the optimal combination of conditions of α = 60°, u0 = 6 m/s, and Q = 0.003 kg/s, the liquid film coverage was maximized, and the liquid film coverage was 99.81%. The anti-deicer spraying method proposed herein for use on blades is effective when considered from a number of perspectives. It provides an innovative and feasible solution to the wind turbine blade freezing problem. However, the method must be explored and modified to maximize its chances of general application, and other factors must also be considered to fully optimize the sprinkler de-icing technique to improve the performance and reliability of blades.
Temperature Effect on the Deformation Behavior in Nanocrystalline Magnesium under Compression: An Atomistic Study
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Xu Chun , Li Yu , Wang Binjun , Guo Yanhui
Published: October 2023

The classic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach has been used to investigate the microstructure change in polycrystalline magnesium (Mg) during compressive deformation at various temperatures. At low temperatures, there exists a competition between the sliding of Shockley partial dislocation (SPD) and perfect  dislocation. Abundant dislocation behaviors such as dislocation bundle and double cross slipping are observed. With a temperature increase, the dislocation sliding is hindered by the newly formed grain boundaries (GBs). The grain reorientation should be the compensatory mechanism for plastic deformation at high temperatures. Furthermore, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is found at the highest temperature investigated. For all the temperature cases studied, twinning is unsensitive against applied compressive stress. The results of this work may help to understand the temperature effect on the mechanism in polycrystalline Mg under compressive deformation.
Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte
Authors: de Proença João Paulo , Ribeiro Rafael Parra , Rangel Elidiane Cipriano , da Cruz Nilson Cristino , Pinto Bruna de Oliveira , Grandini Carlos Roberto , Correa Diego Rafael Nespeque
Published: October 2023

Due to their lower cost and good mechanical and corrosion properties, ferrous materials such as stainless steel (SS) are commonly used as bio-materials, mainly as surgical instruments and implants. Surface treatments such as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) can be a valuable tool to increase corrosion resistance and enhance the bio-compatibility of metallic materials. In this scenario, the current study evaluated the effect of electrolyte composition on the surface of SS304 submitted to PEO treatment. The variation in the amount of KOH and Ta(OH)5 promoted significant changes in the surface characteristics, forming Fe-rich oxide plates, Ta-rich agglomerate particles, and an exposed substrate. The PEO-treated substrates were depleted of some alloying elements (Cr, Ni, and Mn), which, allied to the Ta-enrichment, affected the roughness, wettability, phase stability, micro-hardness, and corrosion resistance. All the PEO treatments presented a phase composition of single γ-Fe instead of a dual α + γ phase from the untreated substrate, which was understood in terms of the Nieq-Creq diagram. The corrosion tests indicated that the PEO treatment significantly affected the corrosion parameters, having the presence of a non-uniform oxide layer. The findings show that it is possible to control the chemical and phase composition of SS304 material employing PEO treatment.
Regularities of Manganese Charge State Formation and Luminescent Properties of Mn-Doped Al2O3, YAlO3, and Y3Al5O12 Single Crystalline Films
Authors: Majewski-Napierkowski Artur , Gorbenko Vitaliy , Zorenko Tatiana , Witkiewicz-Łukaszek Sandra , Zorenko Yuriy
Published: October 2023

In this work, three sets of single crystalline films (SCF) of Al2O3:Mn sapphire, YAlO3:Mn perovskite (YAP:Mn), and Y3Al5O12:Mn garnet (YAG:Mn), with a nominal Mn content of 0.1%, 1%, and 10 atomic percent (at.%) in the melt-solutions, were crystallized by the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method onto sapphire, YAP and YAG substrates, respectively. We have also calculated the average segregation coefficient of Mn ions for Al2O3:Mn, YAP:Mn and YAG:Mn SCFs with Mn content in the melt-solution in the 0.1–10% concentration range, which was equal to 0.1, 0.14 and 0.2, respectively. The main goal of the conducted research was the spectroscopic determination of the preferable valence states of manganese ions which were realized in the SCFs of sapphire, perovskite and garnet depending on the Mn content. For this purpose, the absorption, cathodoluminescence (CL), photoluminescence (PL) emission/excitation spectra and PL decay kinetics of Al2O3:Mn, YAP:Mn and YAG:Mn SCFs with different Mn concentrations were studied. Based on the CL and PL spectra, we showed that Mn ions, depending on the Mn content in the melt-solution, are incorporated in Al2O3:Mn, YAP:Mn and YAG:Mn SCFs in the different charged states and are located in the different crystallographic positions of the mentioned oxide lattices. We have observed the presence of the luminescence of Mn4+, Mn3+ and Mn2+ valence states of manganese ions in CL spectra in all SCFs under study with 0.1 and 1% Mn concentrations. Namely, the Mn4+ ion valence state with the main sharp emission bands peaked at 642 and 672 nm, related to the 2E → 4A2 transitions, was found in the luminescence spectra of the all studied Al2O3:Mn SCFs. The luminescence of the Mn2+ valence state was found only in YAP:Mn and YAG:Mn SCFs, grown from melt solution with 1% Mn content, in the emission bands peaked at 525 and 560 nm, respectively, related to the 4T1 → 6A1 transitions. The PL and CL spectra of YAP:Mn and YAG:Mn SCFs with the Mn content in the 0.1–1% range show that the main valence state of manganese ions in these films is Mn3+ with the main emission bands peaking at 655 and 608 nm, respectively, related to the 1T2 → 5E transitions. Meanwhile, higher than 1% Mn content in the melt solution causes a strong concentration quenching of luminescence of all Mn centers in Al2O3:Mn, YAP:Mn and YAG:Mn SCFs.
Capecitabine-Induced Ileitis during Neoadjuvant Pelvic Radio-Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Brignoli Andrea , Ferrara Eleonora , Zannetti Micol , Loi Gianfranco , Forti Laura , Socci Carlo , Carriero Alessandro , Gennari Alessandra , Krengli Marco , Franco Pierfrancesco
Published: October 2023

We report on a clinical case of capecitabine-induced acute ileitis in a patient treated with pre-operative concurrent chemoradiation with capecitabine for locally advanced rectal cancer and provide a comprehensive literature review. This a rare, but life-threatening, clinical situation, that clinicians should be aware of. Severe persistent diarrhea is the most frequent clinical feature and computed tomography is a valid tool for diagnosis. Conservative management includes capecitabine withdrawal, antidiarrheal therapy and endovenous hydration, together with dietary modifications and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Pelvic irradiation represents an adjunctive risk factor, which may increase the likelihood of occurrence of terminal ileitis. Early recognition and prompt intervention are crucial for successful clinical management.
Population Structure of an African Cycad: Fire May Stimulate the Coning Phenology of Encephalartos lanatus (Zamiaceae) and Also Predispose Its Cones to Damage
Authors: Sigasa Memory N. , Yessoufou Kowiyou , Magadlela Anathi , Otang-Mbeng Wilfred , Suinyuy Terence N.
Published: October 2023

Cycads are the most threatened group in the plant kingdom. Fire is identified as one of the major factors heightening cycad extinction risk. However, compared to South American cycads, we know little about how fire negatively affects the demography of African cycads. Here, we collected a snapshot of demographic data on the largest known population of South Africa’s cycad species, Encephalartos lanatus, in unburnt and regularly burnt habitats. We fitted several statistical models to investigate the effects of fire on the population structure of E. lanatus. First, we found that the population follows a ‘J’ structure with more adults than any other life stage. Contrary to popular belief, this ‘J’ structure may not necessarily imply the future of the population is at risk, given that E. lanatus is a long-lived species. Second, we found that the abundance of adults explains 25% of the abundance of seedlings but does not predict the abundance of suckers, perhaps suggesting the adults ensure preferential seedling rather than clonal recruitment. Third, irrespective of life stages, the subpopulation in fire-prone habitats is, in term of size, proportionately lower than the subpopulation in unburnt areas, suggesting that fire may negatively affect the dynamic of the population. However, fire is not linked to differences in sex ratio across the population; not only do fire-prone subpopulations have more cones, but they also tend to have more damaged cones than unburnt populations. Overall, although we raised some limitations of the present study, we also inferred that fire may shape the observed ‘J’ structure of the population of E. lanatus, but, contrary to traditional belief, the ‘J’ structure is not enough to raise concern about the future of the population. A population dynamics study is required to determine if the future of the population is at risk.
Tham Chiang Dao: A Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Northern Thailand
Authors: Deharveng Louis , Ellis Martin , Bedos Anne , Jantarit Sopark
Published: October 2023

The Doi Chiang Dao massif, which became a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2021, is the highest karst mountain in Thailand. Tham Chiang Dao cave is located at the foot of this massif and is among the best-known caves in Thailand, having been visited since prehistoric times, and being a sacred place for the local Shan and Thai people. The cave consists of five main interconnected passages with a total length of 5342 m which ranks it as the 11th longest cave in Thailand. Tham Chiang Dao is the best studied cave in Thailand with a long series of explorations, investigations and zoological collecting. Here, we summarize the 110 years of biological exploration and investigation devoted to this cave. A total of 149 taxa have been recognized in Tham Chiang Dao, of which 61 have been identified to species level. The cave is the type locality for 14 species. The obligate subterranean fauna includes 37 species, of which 33 are troglobionts and 4 are stygobionts. Conservation issues are addressed in the discussion. This work is intended to provide a reference for the knowledge of cave fauna of the Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary and a tool for its management by the local cave management committee, the National Cave Management Policy Committee, and the Department of Mineral Resources. It also documents the biological importance of Tham Chiang Dao in the Doi Chiang Dao UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Fostering Fuzzy Logic in Enhancing Pedestrian Safety: Harnessing Smart Pole Interaction Unit for Autonomous Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication and Decision Optimization
Authors: Chauhan Vishal , Chang Chia-Ming , Javanmardi Ehsan , Nakazato Jin , Lin Pengfei , Igarashi Takeo , Tsukada Manabu
Published: October 2023

In autonomous vehicles (AVs), ensuring pedestrian safety within intricate and dynamic settings, particularly at crosswalks, has gained substantial attention. While AVs perform admirably in standard road conditions, their integration into unique environments like shared spaces devoid of traditional traffic infrastructure control presents complex challenges. These challenges involve issues of right-of-way negotiation and accessibility, particularly in “naked streets”. This research delves into an innovative smart pole interaction unit (SPIU) with an external human–machine interface (eHMI). Utilizing virtual reality (VR) technology to evaluate the SPIU efficacy, this study investigates its capacity to enhance interactions between vehicles and pedestrians at crosswalks. The SPIU is designed to communicate the vehicles’ real-time intentions well before arriving at the crosswalk. The study findings demonstrate that the SPIU significantly improves secure decision making for pedestrian passing and stops in shared spaces. Integrating an SPIU with an eHMI in vehicles leads to a substantial 21% reduction in response time, greatly enhancing the efficiency of pedestrian stops. Notable enhancements are observed in unidirectional (one-way) and bidirectional (two-way) scenarios, highlighting the positive impact of the SPIU on interaction dynamics. This work contributes to AV–pedestrian interaction and underscores the potential of fuzzy-logic-driven solutions in addressing complex and ambiguous pedestrian behaviors.
General Methodology for the Design of Bell-Shaped Analog-Hardware Classifiers
Authors: Alimisis Vassilis , Eleftheriou Nikolaos P. , Kamperi Argyro , Gennis Georgios , Dimas Christos , Sotiriadis Paul P.
Published: October 2023

This study introduces a general methodology for the design of analog integrated bell-shaped classifiers. Each high-level architecture is composed of several Gaussian function circuits in conjunction with a Winner-Take-All circuit. Notably, each implementation is designed with modularity and scalability in mind, effectively accommodating variations in classification parameters. The operating principles of each classifier are illustrated in detail and are used in low-power, low-voltage, and fully tunable implementations targeting biomedical applications. The realization of this design methodology occurred within a 90 nm CMOS process, leveraging the Cadence IC suite for both electrical and layout design aspects. In the verification phase, post-layout simulation outcomes were meticulously compared against software-based implementations of each classifier. Through the simulation results and comparison study, the design methodology is confirmed in terms of accuracy and sensitivity.
Data-Driven Modeling of HVAC Systems for Operation of Virtual Power Plants Using a Digital Twin
Authors: Park Hyang-A , Byeon Gilsung , Son Wanbin , Kim Jongyul , Kim Sungshin
Published: October 2023

Confronted with the climate crisis, the world is making tremendous efforts in energy transition, such as expanding renewable energy that does not emit carbon. The importance of virtual power plant (VPP) operation technology has emerged to secure grid flexibility in response to the expanding renewable energy implemented due to these efforts. Accordingly, VPPs, which include photovoltaics, wind turbines, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), load, and EV, have been constructed. HVAC, one of the component resources, is a system that controls and regulates temperature, humidity, and airflow. Since it responds sensitively to the building’s heat capacity and changes in the external environment, it requires continuous and stable control. In this paper, we used data-based modeling to implement the HVAC required for the optimal operation of VPP. Since accurately creating an equation-based HVAC model was difficult considering building information modeling and external environment variables, we used historical HVAC operation data to perform data-based modeling. The model was implemented using nonlinear regression and machine learning, such as a support vector machine and artificial neural network. Then, the data-based HVAC and the actual HVAC operation results were comparatively analyzed based on a case study, and the model’s goodness-of-fit was evaluated based on performance metrics. Model performance indicators confirmed that the ANN-based HVAC model was most similar to the actual HVAC system.
Sustainability and Renewable Energy in the UAE: A Case Study of Sharjah
Authors: Alnaqbi Shaima A. , Alami Abdul Hai
Published: October 2023

In 2023, the UAE adapted its National Energy Strategy to accommodate several new goals, including doubling renewable energy (RE) capacity to 14 GW by 2030. This development further highlights the significance of transitioning towards RE sources. This study focuses on examining and assessing the utilization of RE technologies in Sharjah, an emirate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It offers an overview of Sharjah’s current energy scenario and investigates the factors influencing the adoption of RE technologies in the area. Furthermore, it provides an evaluation of RE installations, energy production capacity, and future prospects for RE in Sharjah. These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the transition towards RE and its potential in Sharjah. The analysis uncovers a growing inclination towards adopting RE in Sharjah. Solar energy installations are experiencing an upswing, driven by advancements in technology, cost reductions, and supportive policies. However, wind energy installations remain limited due to lower wind potential in the region. The adoption of RE technologies in Sharjah yields several advantages, including a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy sources, and the potential for economic expansion. Nevertheless, challenges like intermittency, grid integration, and initial investment costs require attention to further expedite adoption. The outlook for RE in Sharjah appears promising. Sustained government backing and ongoing research and development efforts, in addition to collaborations between public and private sectors, can facilitate the wider implementation of RE technologies. Implementing policies that encourage the uptake of RE, such as feed-in tariffs and net metering, should be considered. Additionally, partnerships with international organizations and the exchange of best practices can enhance knowledge transfer and capacity building.
Fundamental Study for Applying a Propane Gas Injection System in a Small-Ship Engine
Authors: Kim Youngkun , Park Bum Youl , Woo Seungchul , Jeong Jun Woo , Park Sihyun , Lee Kihyung
Published: October 2023

As a response to stricter exhaust emission regulations, an increasing number of diesel-powered ships are switching to liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel or installing post-processing devices to reduce exhaust gas. However, these methods are not feasible for small ships operating primarily along the coast. This is because the cost of the exhaust gas post-processing devices is high, while a large-volume fuel system is required in the case of LNG. Thus, this study used a propane gas fuel system based on a 5.0 L gasoline engine for easy application to existing small ships without major modifications. To optimize the control according to changes in the fuel system, a 1D simulation was performed on the engine to be developed, and ignition timing optimization was investigated. In addition, fuel consumption was compared with that of a gasoline-based engine. The propane engine achieved over 95% power in comparison to a gasoline-based engine. During cold-start tests, starting performance at −15 °C was ensured. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines to assist the development of LPG or propane engines based on gasoline engines through these processes.
Modeling of Biomass Gasification: From Thermodynamics to Process Simulations
Authors: Marcantonio Vera , Di Paola Luisa , De Falco Marcello , Capocelli Mauro
Published: October 2023

Biomass gasification has obtained great interest over the last few decades as an effective and trustable technology to produce energy and fuels with net-zero carbon emissions. Moreover, using biomass waste as feedstock enables the recycling of organic wastes and contributing to circular economy goals, thus reducing the environmental impacts of waste management. Even though many studies have already been carried out, this kind of process must still be investigated and optimized, with the final aim of developing industrial plants for different applications, from hydrogen production to net-negative emission strategies. Modeling and development of process simulations became an important tool to investigate the chemical and physical behavior of plants, allowing raw optimization of the process and defining heat and material balances of plants, as well as defining optimal geometrical parameters with cost- and time-effective approaches. The present review paper focuses on the main literature models developed until now to describe the biomass gasification process, and in particular on kinetic models, thermodynamic models, and computational fluid dynamic models. The aim of this study is to point out the strengths and the weakness of those models, comparing them and indicating in which situation it is better to use one approach instead of another. Moreover, theoretical shortcut models and software simulations not explicitly addressed by prior reviews are taken into account. For researchers and designers, this review provides a detailed methodology characterization as a guide to develop innovative studies or projects.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Downy and Silver Birch Wood Quality and Stem Features from a Progeny Trial in Southern Sweden
Authors: Jones Grace , Liziniewicz Mateusz , Lindeberg Johan , Adamopoulos Stergios
Published: October 2023

This study investigated whether improved downy birch could perform as well as improved silver birch, and whether there was sufficient genetic variation and control for non-destructive testing (NDT) values to include them as selection traits in breeding programs. NDT tools were applied to a 15-year-old downy birch family trial intermixed with improved silver birch. Average diameters, fissured bark height, and grain angle were higher for silver than downy birch. The genetic analysis for downy birch provided estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h2) for acoustic velocity and Pilodyn penetration depth that were above 0.3 but had low genetic variation. Grain angle had relatively high genetic variability (18%) and an h2 of 0.20. A subsample of 49 trees had 4 mm cores x-rayed for wood density estimates, and 34 stems had 12 mm cores macerated for cell measurements. t-tests revealed that average wood density and cell measurements were not significantly different between species. For silver and downy birch, fiber length and vessel length increased between inner and outer measurement positions, and fiber length was reasonably correlated with acoustic velocity. Silver birch tended to have denser and stiffer wood, while downy birch had less rough bark and straighter grain, and these results are in agreement with existing knowledge. The h2 values were similar to those observed in other birch species and indicate there is potential to breed for improved wood density and grain angle in downy birch.
Impact of Nitrogen and Elemental Sulfur on Formation of Volatile Sulfur Compounds during Fermentation of Pinot Noir Grapes
Authors: Kraft Daniel , Zhou Qin , Qian Michael , Osborne James
Published: October 2023

The influence of yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) and elemental sulfur (S0) on the formation of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) during fermentation was investigated. Pinot noir fermentations were performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain UCD522 or P1Y2 with an addition of 0, 5, or 15 µg/g elemental sulfur. H2S production during fermentation was measured using lead acetate tubes and additional VSCs measured by GC-PFPD. The addition of S0 resulted in H2S formation during alcoholic fermentation regardless of which yeast strain was used. H2S production was greater in fermentations performed by UCD522 with increasing amounts of S0 resulting in increased production of H2S. Higher S0 resulted in wines containing higher concentrations of methyl thioacetate and glutathione disulfide. Additional experiments examined the impact of nitrogen composition and S0. The addition of diammonium phosphate (DAP) resulted in an increase in H2S formation during fermentation whereas the addition of amino acids did not, whether S0 was added or not. Fermentations where DAP and S0 were both added produced a higher concentration of H2S compared to fermentations where S0 or DAP additions were made individually. VSCs in the wine were also impacted by the addition of nitrogen and/or S0 with the addition of S0 and nitrogen (DAP or amino acids) resulting in elevated concentrations of methyl thioacetate in the wines.
Growth Performance and Histomorphology of Intestine, Skin, Gills and Liver of Juvenile Colossoma macropomum Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of the Essential Oil of Nectandra grandiflora
Authors: Santos Fabio A. C. , Batista Felipe S. , Souza André S. , Julio Gustavo S. C. , Favero Gisele C. , Junior José F. V. , Costa Sílvio T. , Zeppenfeld Carla C. , Bianchini Nadia H. , Heinzmann Berta M. , Baldisserotto Bernardo , Luz Ronald K.
Published: October 2023

The present study evaluated different levels of the essential oil of Nectandra grandiflora (EONG) in the diet of juvenile Colossoma macropomum. The juveniles (0.75 ± 0.05 g) were fed four experimental diets with differing levels of EONG (0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.50 mL/kg). After 20 days, the weight, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, and daily feed consumption per fish were highest for the fish fed 0.5 mL EONG/kg, while after 30 days, only the weight and daily feed consumption per fish for that diet remained highest. The viscerosomatic index was highest for the fish fed 0.5 mL EONG/kg while the hepatosomatic index was higher for the groups that received dietary EONG for 30 days. The juveniles fed 1.5 mL EONG/kg showed a proliferative response of the mucous cells in the gills, but the proliferation of these lysozyme- and immunoglobulin-secreting mucosal cells was higher for the skin of the fish of all EONG levels, compared to that of the control fish. The fish fed 0.5 mL EONG/kg had the greatest height and width of intestinal villi. The two highest levels of dietary EONG supplementation (0.75 and 1.50 mL/kg) reduced the hepatocyte dimensions but did not modify the centrolobular vein area. Dietary supplementation with 0.5 mL EONG/kg improved the growth, gut health, and immune response of juvenile C. macropomum.