bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isabel Coixet y el momento Me Too: denuncia de la violencia sexual en El techo amarillo (2022).
Authors: Menéndez Menéndez María Isabel
Published: January 2025

Este artículo aborda el documental El techo amarillo de Isabel Coixet (2022),
premio Gaudí al mejor documental de ese año, como parte del momento Me Too,
en el sentido dado a la expresión por Karen Boyle (2019). El filme se hace eco de los
abusos sexuales que sufrieron nueve mujeres, cuando eran adolescentes, en el Aula
de Teatre de Lleida. Se parte de la hipótesis de que el uso del testimonio mediante
recursos hápticos permite denunciar el carácter estructural de la violencia de
género en sus diferentes manifestaciones, así como reforzar la credibilidad de las
víctimas. En este sentido, el documental se convierte en un discurso de resistencia
que contribuye a la actual ola de prácticas testimoniales feministas sobre violencia sexual. En línea con el momento Me Too, que ha inaugurado la Cuarta Ola del feminismo,
la obra de Coixet se caracteriza por el compromiso ético, la escucha activa, la exigencia
de reparación para las sobrevivientes y el desplazamiento de la responsabilidad hacia
los perpetradores.
Un análisis del framing de noticias electorales generadas y traducidas mediante inteligencia artificial generativa (ChatGPT-3).
Authors: Alonso Jiménez Elisa , Rosado José Antonio
Published: January 2025

El impacto de la IA (Inteligencia Artificial) en todos los campos del saber y de la
actividad humana –entre los que se encuentran el periodismo y la traducción– se
ha visto acelerado desde la puesta a disposición para la ciudadanía de distintos
sistemas conversacionales de IA generativa como ChatGPT-3 a partir de noviembre de 2022. El presente artículo desea contribuir al debate acerca de la aplicación de esta
tecnología mediante un estudio sobre la creación de noticias políticas en lengua española
y su traducción en lengua inglesa a través de ChatGPT-3. Para ello se ha empleado un
enfoque de análisis de corpus basado en la Teoría de los Marcos y una metodología
mixta (cuantitativa y cualitativa) mediante la herramienta CAQDAS (Computer-Aided
Qualitative Data Analysis Software), Atlas.ti. En enero de 2024 se pidió a ChatGPT-3
que creara noticias sobre un tema del que no contaba con información: las elecciones
generales del 23 de julio de 2023. Mediante distintos prompts se le pidió que creara
noticias sobre una posible victoria electoral de distintos partidos políticos (PP, PSOE,
VOX, SUMAR) en dichas elecciones –como si fuese una realidad– para su publicación
en distintos periódicos (El País, ABC, La Razón, La Vanguardia, El Mundo). Se generaron
en total 68 noticias que fueron traducidas mediante la misma IA a lengua inglesa,
conformando un corpus de 136 noticias. En el estudio se han identificado los marcos
que la IA prima: la victoria electoral de los partidos se narra en un contexto de emoción
positiva, casi eufórica y utópica (política-ficción), con amplias mayorías, participación
ciudadana abrumadora y lecturas positivas de los analistas políticos respecto al triunfo
electoral, independientemente del partido que se pidiera como ganador y del periódico
de publicación. La IA crea noticias en las que destacan los códigos de framing vinculados
con las acciones políticas (relacionadas sobre todo con la economía, lo social y la
sostenibilidad). ChatGPT-3 es capaz de crear noticias que se asemejan al género de las
noticias al uso, pero estas resultan más superficiales. La IA trata de emular elementos
como el uso de fuentes (voces autorizadas, cifras o datos) con el fin de dar credibilidad
a la noticia, aunque no siempre de manera acertada, debido a su falta de conocimiento
pragmático. Se ha observado además que las traducciones de noticias a lengua inglesa
son, en términos generales, versiones literales y correctas de las españolas, en las que
se ha aplicado de manera indefectible la técnica de la traducción directa.
You’ve Got Mail! The Late 19th Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance
Authors: Marinoni Astrid , Roche Maria P.
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the impact of the expansion of the U.S. Postal Service in the late 19th century on firm creation and performance. Utilizing newly digitized archival data on historic business establishments, post office locations, and road networks in California, our study identifies a positive relationship between the expansion of the Postal Service and the emergence of new firms. To address endogeneity concerns, we leverage an unexpected change in the Postal Service route network. Our findings suggest that the Postal Service played a significant role in facilitating firm entry by acting as a carrier of specialized knowledge rather than as a financial service or mass communication infrastructure. We further reveal that, although increased competition from new entrants generally exerted downward pressure on incumbent firms, those relying on specialized knowledge and public technology inputs significantly benefited from local Postal Service access. Taken together, our study underscores the critical role played by the Postal Service in knowledge diffusion and local economic development by enabling the sourcing of specialized knowledge and technologies from other geographies. Overall, our results contribute to a broader understanding of how communication and knowledge dissemination infrastructure can drive entrepreneurship and firm growth, carrying important implications for contemporary discussions on infrastructure development, its potential to stimulate entrepreneurial activity, innovation, and foster local economic communities.

This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.

Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Harvard Business School Division of Research and Faculty Development.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03369 .
Dynamic Fair Division with Partial Information
Authors: Benadè Gerdus , Halpern Daniel , Psomas Alexandros
Published: January 2025

Fair and Efficient Allocation Algorithms Do Not Require Knowing Exact Item Values

Food rescue organizations are tasked with allocating often-unpredictable donations to recipients who need it. For a large class of recipient valuation functions, this can be done in a fair and efficient manner as long as each recipient reports their value for each arriving donation. In practice, however, such valuations are rarely elicited. In “Dynamic Fair Division with Partial Information,” Benadè, Halpern, and Psomas ask whether simultaneous fairness and efficiency remain possible when the allocator receives limited information about recipient valuations, even as little as a single binary signal. For recipients with i.i.d. or correlated values, the paper provides an algorithm which is envy-free and 1-epsilon welfare-maximizing with high probability. Asymptotically tight results are also established for independent, nonidentical agents. This shows that fair and efficient online allocation algorithms do not critically rely on recipients being able to precisely report their utility functions.
Getting up from the Rocking Chair: Adlerian Interventions in Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Sauerheber Jill Duba , Bitter James Robert
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT: The basic feeling associated with anxiety disorders is fear. Fear is a survival emotion that is highly connected to evolutionary development. When fear is directly stimulated by a perceived dangerous situation, the body and brain react to seek safety. Anxiety occurs when there is no current outside stimulus but the anticipation of such produces a similar fear response. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text revision) provides diagnostic criteria for seven anxiety disorders and five obsessive–compulsive disorders. For Adlerians, each of these disorders is a form of escape or withdrawal from the tasks of life. The purpose of anxiety is to safeguard the individual from feeling defeated or from a loss of self-esteem. The antidote to a life of anxiety is a life of cooperation with others, meaningful use of one’s time, and the experience of loving and being loved. Still, it is sometimes important to interrupt or diminish the experience of anxiety to fully engage in therapy. This article delineates interventions based on holism and social interest that can be effective in addressing anxiety in clients.
The Precise Opposite Emotion: A Brief Technique to Enhance Assessment of a Client’s Movement
Authors: Armerding Calvin D.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT: Alfred Adler’s law of movement states that humans are in an unending state of movement away from a minus state (accompanied by an undesired emotion) and toward a plus state (accompanied by a desired emotion). When clients articulate a feeling during therapy, they help a therapist to see their inner experience about one of these states, either minus or plus. However, this articulation gives Adlerian therapists only half of what they need to accurately assess a client’s movement. This article describes a quick, noninvasive, simple technique that allows Adlerian therapists to better assess a client’s patterns of movement, especially in the lifestyle investigation phase of therapy. Implications for therapeutic effectiveness, including limiting therapist bias, strengthening attunement between client and therapist, and improving case conceptualization, are discussed.
Critical Years of Lifestyle Development
Authors: Evans Courtney
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT: Lifestyle affects long-term mental health, from childhood into patterns in adulthood. Infancy and early childhood are the most critical periods in terms of brain development. During infancy and early childhood, a healthy and adaptive lifestyle can be fostered through nurture, which influences mentalization, empathy, insight capacities, and overall social interest. Nurturing these capacities during infancy fosters a lifestyle characterized by social interest. Empowering and encouraging caregivers is pivotal.
Diurnal and Seasonal Patterns of Convective Weather Hazards in Tennessee and Their Potential to Cause Harm (1996–2022)
Authors: Hannel Cara , Ellis Kelsey , First Jennifer , Herrera Dimitris
Published: January 2025

Flash floods, tornadoes, and nontornadic thunderstorm winds occur across Tennessee throughout the year, some causing harm to residents of the state. This work used data from the National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996–2002) to assess the frequency of hazardous and harmful––those that resulted in one direct injury and/or fatality––events across the state and determine how their frequency varied seasonally and diurnally. Hazards were most common and most harmful in Middle Tennessee and densely populated counties. Chi-square tests identified differences in hazardous and harmful event occurrences between seasons and from day to night. These relationships were further described in a logistic regression model, which indicated that a tornado or nighttime event was significantly more likely to result in reported harm, and a nontornadic thunderstorm wind or summer event was less likely to result in such a report. There are likely some reporting biases that affect these results, for example the underreporting of overnight events that do not cause harm. Overall, these findings suggest that, in Tennessee, annual and diurnal patterns in the overall hazard climatology differ from the patterns of reportedly harmful events, and point to the danger of convective hazards occurring at night.
Evolutionary lineage-specific genomic imprinting at the ZNF791 locus
Authors: Ahn Jinsoo , Hwang In-Sul , Park Mi-Ryung , Rosa-Velazquez Milca , Cho In-Cheol , Relling Alejandro E. , Hwang Seongsoo , Lee Kichoon
Published: January 2025

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process that results in parent-of-origin effects on mammalian development and growth. Research on genomic imprinting in domesticated animals has lagged due to a primary focus on orthologs of mouse and human imprinted genes. This emphasis has limited the discovery of imprinted genes specific to livestock. To identify genomic imprinting in pigs, we generated parthenogenetic porcine embryos alongside biparental normal embryos, and then performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing on these samples. In our analyses, we discovered a maternally methylated differentially methylated region within the orthologous ZNF791 locus in pigs. Additionally, we identified both a major imprinted isoform of the ZNF791-like gene and an unannotated antisense transcript that has not been previously annotated. Importantly, our comparative analyses of the orthologous ZNF791 gene in various eutherian mammals, including humans, non-human primates, rodents, artiodactyls, and dogs, revealed that this gene is subjected to genomic imprinting exclusively in domesticated animals, thereby highlighting lineage-specific imprinting. Furthermore, we explored the potential mechanisms behind the establishment of maternal DNA methylation imprints in porcine and bovine oocytes, supporting the notion that integration of transposable elements, active transcription, and histone modification may collectively contribute to the methylation of embedded intragenic CpG island promoters. Our findings convey fundamental insights into molecular and evolutionary aspects of livestock species-specific genomic imprinting and provide critical agricultural implications.
Similarities and differences in waste composition over time and space determined by multivariate distance analyses
Authors: Tonjes David J. , Wang Yiyi , Firmansyah Firman , Manzur Sameena , Johnston Matthew , Walker Griffin , Thyberg Krista L. , Hewitt Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

The composition of solid waste affects technology choices and policy decisions regarding its management. Analyses of waste composition studies are almost always made on a parameter by parameter basis. Multivariate distance techniques can create wholisitic determinations of similarities and differences and were applied here to enhance a series of waste composition comparisons. A set of New York City residential waste composition studies conducted in 1990, 2004, 2013, and 2017 were compared to EPA data and to 88 studies conducted in other US jurisdictions from 1987–2021. The total residential waste stream and the disposed wastes in NYC were found to be similar in nature, and very different from the composition of wastes set out for recycling. Disposed wastes were more similar across the five NYC boroughs in a single year than in one borough over the 28-year time period, but recyclables were more similar across 14 years than across the boroughs in a single year. Food and plastics percentages in total and disposed waste streams increased over time, and paper percentages fell. The food disposal rate in NYC over time increased much less than EPA data show. The rate of plastics and paper disposal in NYC decreased. NYC data largely conformed to trends from the 88 other waste composition studies and did not generally agree with EPA data sets. The use of novel-to-waste studies multivariate distance analyses offers the promise of simplifying the identification of overall similarities and differences across waste studies, and so improving management and planning for solid waste.
Unveiling high solifuge diversity: Review of the genus Pseudocleobis Pocock, 1900 (Ammotrechidae) in Chile with the description of nine new species
Authors: Iuri Hernán Augusto , Ojanguren-Affilastro Andrés Alejandro , Maury Emilio A. , Alfaro Fermín M. , Camousseigt-Montolivo Bernardino , Pizarro-Araya Jaime
Published: January 2025

The Pseudocleobis from Chile are revised. Pseudocleobis morsicans (Gervais, 1849) and P. chilensis Roewer, 1934 are considered species inquerenda. Pseudocleobis andinus (Pocock, 1899) is removed from the Chilean fauna, and its previous records are considered misidentifications. Pseudocleobis alticola Pocock, 1900 is recorded from Chile for the first time. Nine new species are described, Pseudocleobis elongatus n. sp., P. atacamensis n. sp., P. puna n. sp., P. krausi n. sp., P. choros n. sp., P. lalackama n. sp., P. mumai n. sp., P. cekalovici n. sp. and P. escuadra n. sp. The species can be distinguished by the male chelicera morphology. We discuss the relationship of Chilean Pseudocleobis with other species of the genus, based on morphology. This work increases the number of known Chilean solifuge species by almost 70%, revealing the high degree of diversification of this group in Chile.
Vestibular stimulation and space-time interaction affect the perception of time during whole-body rotations
Authors: Navarro Morales Deborah Cecilia , Laplanche Alexis , Kuldavletova Olga , Cantave Bithja , Kola Adéla , Fréret Thomas , Quarck Gaëlle , Clément Gilles , Denise Pierre
Published: January 2025

Among the factors, such as emotions, that distort time perception, vestibular stimulation causes a contraction in subjective time. Unlike emotions, the intensity of vestibular stimulation can be easily and precisely modified, making it possible to study the quantitative relationship between stimulation and its effect on time perception. We hypothesized that the contraction of subjective time would increase with the vestibular stimulation magnitude. In the first experiment, participants sat on a rotatory chair and reproduced time intervals between the start and the end of whole-body passive rotations (40° or 80°; dynamic condition) or between two consecutive low-amplitude shakes (static condition). We also assessed reaction time under the same conditions to evaluate the attentional effect of the stimuli. As expected, duration reproduction in the 40° rotation was shorter than that observed in the static condition, but this effect was partly reversed for 80° rotations. In other words, vestibular stimulation shortens the perceived time interval, but this effect weakens with stronger stimulation. Attentional changes do not explain this unexpected result, as reaction time did not change between conditions. We hypothesized that the space-time interaction (i.e., spatially larger stimuli are perceived as lasting longer) could explain these findings. To assess this, in a second experiment participants were subjected to the same protocol but with three rotation amplitudes (30°, 60°, and 120°). The duration reproductions were systematically shorter for the lower amplitudes than for the higher amplitudes; so much so that for the highest amplitude (120°), the duration reproduction increased so that it did not differ from the static condition. Overall, the experiments show that whole-body rotation can contract subjective time, probably at the rather low level of the interval timing network, or dilate it, probably at a higher level via the space-time interaction.
The impact of reduced skeletal muscle mass at stroke onset on 3-month functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Kim Kyong Young , Jung Seunguk , Cho Eun Bin , Yang Tae-Won , Kim Seung Joo , Kim Hyunsung , Jung Sunhye
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Sarcopenia, characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass (RMM), is increasingly recognized as a significant factor influencing outcomes in various health conditions, including stroke. Although most studies focus on sarcopenia developing during stroke rehabilitation, the impact of sarcopenia present at the onset of acute ischemic stroke remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the effect of RMM at stroke onset on 3-month functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Materials and methods

We prospectively enrolled acute ischemic stroke patients admitted between May 2019 and December 2019. Muscle mass was accessed early during hospitalization using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and patients were categorized into RMM and normal muscle mass (NMM) groups based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Functional outcomes at 3 months were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), with unfavorable outcomes defined as mRS scores 2–5. Multivariable logistic regression and SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) analyses were used to evaluate the independent impact of RMM on 3-months functional outcomes.

Results

A total of 99 patients were analyzed. The RMM group had a significantly higher prevalence of unfavorable outcomes at 3 months compared to the NMM group (p < 0.001). Patients with RMM were older and presented with more severe strokes. Multivariable analysis confirmed RMM as an independent predictor of unfavorable outcomes (adjusted OR: 8.07, 95% CI: 1.603–40.66, p = 0.011), even after adjusting for age and initial stroke severity. SHAP analysis ranked RMM as the second most influential predictor of unfavorable outcomes, following NIHSS on admission. These findings indicate that RMM not only worsens initial stroke severity but also independently hinders post-stroke recovery.

Conclusions

Reduced muscle mass at the onset of acute ischemic stroke is a significant, independent predictor of unfavorable outcomes at 3 months. In addition to its impact on recovery, RMM is linked to older age and more severe strokes, worsening prognosis. Maintaining muscle mass is also crucial for stroke prevention, as it supports cardiovascular health and resilience. Early identification and intervention for sarcopenia can improve recovery and reduce future stroke risk.
Knowledge of and perception towards eclampsia among women and men in Unguja Island, Zanzibar: A qualitative study
Authors: Yussuf Nassra Is-hak , Stekelenburg Jelle , Mahande Michael Johnson , Manongi Rachel Nathaniel
Published: January 2025

Background

Eclampsia is among the primary causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Zanzibar. Many women and men are not aware of the signs, symptoms and causes of eclampsia and may have different explanatory models. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the community understanding of pre-eclampsia, as a key stage to improve maternal and perinatal health in Unguja Island, Zanzibar.

Methods

A qualitative study design of six focus group discussions (FDGs) was performed using a focus group interview guide; 51 male and female respondents at three selected wards of Unguja Island, Zanzibar participated. Thematic analysis was applied using Qualitative data analysis (QDA Miner Lite software version 2.0.9).

Results

Overall participants demonstrated a lack of understanding regarding eclampsia. The majority of participants perceived that there are certain things related to eclampsia: Mjusi or Mdudu (devil/satanic), superstitious issues, tension/stress from partners, food consumption, eating slaughtered meat like chicken, cow and goat during pregnancy, nice smelling lotion, soap and perfumes have been stated to be the causes of eclampsia. Spiritual and traditional remedies were mentioned as a treatment for eclampsia, including herbs, makombe (written verses of the Qur’an) and steaming (smoked dry leaves). Local names of eclampsia used by the communities, in urban and rural areas are mjusi (lizard) or mdudu (bug), which means the devil enters a woman’s body, especially during pregnancy or within 42 days post-delivery.

Conclusion

Most participants had a lack of understanding of eclampsia and perceived that there are traditional and spiritual issues related to its causes, attributed risks and clinical presentation, which makes them rely more on traditional and spiritual treatments. Therefore, health educational programs in the community setting and at the antenatal clinics, aiming at improving knowledge and dismissing myths and misperceptions regarding eclampsia, are recommended in rural and urban areas of Unguja Zanzibar.
Associations between the Global Diet Quality Score and risk of type 2 diabetes: Tehran lipid and glucose study
Authors: Daei Shahrzad , Hosseini-Esfahani Firoozeh , Ildarabadi Azam , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies reported that focusing on healthy lifestyle, especially high diet quality is necessary for preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated the association between the innovative index, the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), and the risk of Type 2 Diabetes incidence.

Methods

In this secondary analysis, we included elective adult participants (n = 5948) from the third and fourth survey of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Participants checked out until the sixth phase with an average follow-up of 6.65 years. Expert nutritionists collected dietary data using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The GDQS were calculated, including healthy and unhealthy food group scores. Biochemical and anthropometric characteristics were assessed during the first and follow-up surveys. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the progression of T2D in association with the GDQS.

Results

This study was implemented on 2,688 men and 3,260 women, respectively with the mean (SD) age of 41.5(14.1) and 39.3(13.02) years. A total of 524 subjects were found to have had T2D incidence. The healthy component of GDQS was conversely associated with T2D incidence [HR: 1, 0.91 (0.84–0.98), 0.91 (0.84–0.98), 0.84 (0.77–0.92) P trend = <0.001] in an adjusted model. The unhealthy component of GDQS was conversely associated with T2D incidence in an adjusted model [HR: 1, 0.86 (0.80–0.92), 0.93 (0.86–1.01), 0.89 (0.81–0.98) P trend = 0.009].

Conclusion

The results of this study suggested that higher adherence to the healthy component of GDQS and lower intake of the unhealthy component decreased the risk of T2D incidence.
Energy-exergy and environ-economic (4E) analysis of heat storage-based single-slope solar stills integrated with solar air heater
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Ahmad Asim , Irshad Kashif , Prakash Om , Kausher Rukaiya , Hasnain S. M. Mozammil , Paramasivam Prabhu , Ayanie Abinet Gosaye , Giri Jayant
Published: January 2025

The energy-exergy and environ-economic (4E) analysis was conducted on a solar still with and without a hybrid thermal energy storage system (TESS) and a solar air heater. The proposed solar still was modified by integrating a rectangular aluminium box filled with paraffin wax and black gravel as the TESS and coupled with a solar air heater. Paraffin wax was selected due to its widespread availability and proven effectiveness in accelerating desalination, improving process uniformity, and maintaining optimal temperature levels. Throughout the experiments, meticulous data on mass loss, air velocity, and temperature were recorded for both conditions. The daily energy efficiency varies from 40.80% to 31.72%, showing a reduction rate with increased water depth. Estimates were made on the average exergy efficiency, losses, outflow, and inflow for the solar still. These were done for both setups. The analysis revealed that CO2 mitigation and credit were more favorable with the TESS. Furthermore, the Energy Payback Time (EPBT) for the hybrid heat storage-based single-slope solar still coupled with a solar air heater is 1.87 years. On the other hand, EPBT values for the hybrid heat storage single-slope solar still and the conventional single-slope solar still were 1.65 years and 0.95 years, respectively. Integrating a thermal energy storage system and solar air heater significantly improved the performance and sustainability of the solar still for desalination, making it a more efficient and environmentally friendly option for freshwater production.
Nearby armed conflict affects girls’ education in Africa
Authors: Tai Xiao Hui
Published: January 2025

Female education is a crucial input to women’s agency and empowerment, and has wide-ranging impacts, from improved labor market outcomes to reducing child mortality. Existing gender-specific evidence on the effect of armed conflict on education is conflict-specific and mixed. We link granular data on conflict events to georeferenced survey data on educational attainment from 28 countries in Africa, and use a regression-based approach to estimate the local effect of conflict exposure on female years of schooling. We find that conflict events occurring within 25 kilometers during a female child’s primary school years reduces years of schooling by 0.4 years by adolescence. We do not find the same effect for males. Exposure to only low intensity conflict events with at most two casualties has persistent negative and significant effects. Consecutive years of conflict, however, can have positive effects in later years, which offset earlier negative effects, suggesting a habituation to violence. In the past two decades, we estimate excess child mortality in Africa associated with the indirect channel of women’s education to be similar in magnitude to the number of direct child casualties due to conflict.
Sharing images of children on social media: British motherhood influencers and the privacy paradox
Authors: Baxter Katherine , Czarnecka Barbara
Published: January 2025

This study examines the extent to which popular British motherhood influencers infringe on their children’s privacy by posting images of them online. We conducted a content analysis of 5,253 Instagram posts from ten UK-based influencers, supplemented by self-reported data from these influencers. This represents the first comprehensive analysis of actual sharing practices in the British motherhood influencer industry, linking observed behavior with self-reported perceptions. Children appeared in over 75% of the posts (3,917), though the proportion of posts containing embarrassing, intimate, or revealing content was relatively low (11.5%). Notably, sponsorships and product advertisements were present in 46.4% of posts featuring children, indicating that children’s images are frequently used for financial gain. Despite this, post popularity did not vary based on the inclusion of children, as posts featuring children did not receive more likes than those without. Influencers reported strong trust in online safety on Instagram, and reported indifference or willingness to sharenting suggesting that sharing images of their children may be a deliberate strategy rather than an accidental act. Half of the influencers did not accurately estimate their past sharenting behavior. This study extends the existing body of knowledge on sharenting behaviour and the privacy paradox by establishing a foundation of parents’ real-world posting habits and connecting them to their beliefs about publicly sharing their children’s images in the UK context. The findings do not strongly support the privacy paradox in this sample.
Summon a demon and bind it: A grounded theory of LLM red teaming
Authors: Inie Nanna , Stray Jonathan , Derczynski Leon
Published: January 2025

Engaging in the deliberate generation of abnormal outputs from Large Language Models (LLMs) by attacking them is a novel human activity. This paper presents a thorough exposition of how and why people perform such attacks, defining LLM red-teaming based on extensive and diverse evidence. Using a formal qualitative methodology, we interviewed dozens of practitioners from a broad range of backgrounds, all contributors to this novel work of attempting to cause LLMs to fail. We focused on the research questions of defining LLM red teaming, uncovering the motivations and goals for performing the activity, and characterizing the strategies people use when attacking LLMs. Based on the data, LLM red teaming is defined as a limit-seeking, non-malicious, manual activity, which depends highly on a team-effort and an alchemist mindset. It is highly intrinsically motivated by curiosity, fun, and to some degrees by concerns for various harms of deploying LLMs. We identify a taxonomy of 12 strategies and 35 different techniques of attacking LLMs. These findings are presented as a comprehensive grounded theory of how and why people attack large language models: LLM red teaming.
Problematic social media use in 3D? Relationships between traditional social media use, social virtual reality (VR) use, and mental health
Authors: Yao Shay Xuejing , Lee Joomi , Reynolds Reed M. , Ellithorpe Morgan E.
Published: January 2025

This research expanded on prior work exploring the relationship between social media use, social support, and mental health by including the usage of social virtual reality (VR). In Study 1 (undergraduate students; n = 448) we examined divergent relationships between problematic social media use (e.g., Facebook, TikTok), total use, and users’ mental health indicators (e.g., depression, anxiety, social isolation). To determine whether problematic social media use patterns extended to immersive 3-D environments, we sampled active social VR users (e.g., Rec Room) in Study 2 (n = 464). Problematic social VR use was related to decreased real-life social support (β = -.62, 95%CI [-.80, -.44]), but not to VR social support (β = -.06, 95%CI [-.25, .14]). Conversely, the amount of social VR use was only related to increased social VR (β = .06, 95%CI [.04, .15]) but not to real-life social support (β = -.02, 95%CI [-.05, .04]). Study 2 also revealed a finding that may be unique to the 3-D immersive environment: the amount of social VR use facilitated better mental health for VR users, but only through stronger perceived social support on social VR but not in real life. This result highlights the potential of immersive media to promote mental well-being by facilitating engaging and meaningful social interactions.
From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses
Authors: Balassone Giuseppina , Cappelletti Piergiulio , De Bonis Alberto , De Simone Antonio , Di Martire Diego , Graziano Sossio Fabio , Grifa Celestino , Giulierini Paolo , Izzo Francesco , Langella Alessio , Mercurio Mariano , Morra Vincenzo , Operetto Mariateresa , Piezzo Amanda , Rispoli Concetta , Verde Maria
Published: January 2025

A key challenge in the art and archaeological field is the instrumental analysis of objects and materials while preserving their integrity. In this study, the world-renowned artwork Alexander Mosaic (The Issus Battle, collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, IT), the most iconic representation of the face of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great coming from a Pompeii domus, was thoroughly analyzed with mobile and non-invasive methods, within a great project of restoration started in 2020. Representative areas of the Mosaic, overall consisting of ca. two million of tesserae, was studied by in situ videomicroscopy, infrared thermography (IRT), multispectral imaging, portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Ten tesserae colors were discriminated, and hypotheses on their geological provenances are proposed. Plasters, mineral components and other substances of old protective materials were characterized. The information obtained with this approach paved the way to knowledgeable restoration.
The value co-creation mechanism of Public Cultural Services ecosystem in China based on "public value" theory
Authors: Li Xianke , Lam Johnny Fat Iam , Lin Zhicong , Song Ke
Published: January 2025

The establishment of China’s public cultural service system has been explored for nearly two decades, but there is still a significant gap in achieving the goal of equalising and eliminating differences in public value, and it is urgent to systematically explore the public value governance issues contained in it. This paper presents a localised theoretical analysis framework based on the strategic triangle model of public value, with the objective of exploring the endogenous mechanism of China’s public cultural services ecosystem (PCSE). Furthermore, it constructs a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model from a dynamic endogenous perspective, employing the STATA 16.0 software package to conduct empirical tests. The empirical testing of the interactions between government attention (GA), cultural needs (CN) and public cultural services (PCS), as well as the regional heterogeneity, is based on data from 31 provinces and municipalities in mainland China for the period of 2008–2022. The findings are as follows: (1) The unified analysis framework reveals a significant positive mutual promotion relationship between GA and PCS. In contrast, the two-way promotion relationship between CN and PCS is weak, while the relationship between GA and PCS is unstable. (2) The results of the dynamic response analysis demonstrate significant regional disparities in the value co-creation path of public cultural services. The circular transfer of CN and PCS is more pronounced in the eastern region, while the central-western regions rely more on the circular transfer of GA and PCS. This study offers insights for central and local governments to reinforce the value co-creation foundation of a service-oriented government, explore a value co-creation pathway tailored to local conditions, and construct a contemporary public cultural services ecosystem guided by the value of common prosperity in spiritual life.
A cross-sectional network analysis of successful aging in a resilience-based framework
Authors: Brinkhof Lotte P. , Ridderinkhof K. Richard , de Wit Sanne , Krugers Harm J. , Murre Jaap M. J.
Published: January 2025

Aging inevitably gives rise to many challenges and transitions that can greatly impact our (mental) well-being and quality of life if these are not controlled adequately. Hence, the key to successful aging may not be the absence of these stressors, but the ability to demonstrate resilience against them. The current study set out to explore how resilience and successful aging may intersect by investigating how various resilience capacity-promoting (protective) and resilience capacity-reducing (risk) factors relate to mental well-being and quality of life. Through a large-scale (N = 2000, age 55+, 30 factors) network analysis, we established the interplay between risk/protective factors from various domains, including demographics, (mental) health, (environmental) stress, lifestyle, coping/personality, and ageism. We revealed some unique pathways through which each of these factors contribute to individuals’ mental well-being and/or quality of life, and interpreted these findings in terms of a resilience-based framework of successful aging. Our findings emphasize the complexity of factors that can impact quality of life and mental well-being in later life and can steer researchers and practitioners in devising efficacious, multi-pronged interventions that target risk and protective factors simultaneously, thereby maximizing their potential in boosting beneficial outcomes among older individuals.
Design and fabrication of novel microfluidic-based droplets for drug screening on a chronic myeloid leukemia cell line
Authors: Jaafari Niloofar , Kojabad Amir Asri , Shabestari Rima Manafi , Safa Majid
Published: January 2025

Background

The challenges associated with traditional drug screening, such as high costs and long screening times, have led to an increase in the use of single-cell isolation technologies. Small sample volumes are required for high-throughput, cell-based assays to reduce assay costs and enable rapid sample processing. Using microfluidic chips, single-cell analysis can be conducted more effectively, requiring fewer reagents and maintaining biocompatibility. Due to the chip’s ability to manipulate small volumes of fluid, high-throughput screening assays can be developed that are both miniaturized and automated. In the present study, we employ microfluidic chips for drug screening in chronic myeloid leukemia. This study aimed to establish a robust methodology integrating diverse assays, providing a holistic understanding of drug response.

Material and methods

Herein, we have used a chronic myeloid leukemia derived cell line (K562) for drug screening with an innovative microfluidic-based drug screening approach to investigate the efficacy of imatinib in K562 cells. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. Apoptosis was measured using Annexin/PI staining by flow cytometry.

Results

Significant increased apoptosis was seen in K562 cells treated with imatinib in the microfluidic device compared to cells treated with imatinib in 24- and 96-well plates. Moreover, in the microfluidic chip, drug screening time was reduced from 48 hours to 24 hours.

Conclusion

Compared to traditional approaches, microfluidic-based drug screening efficiently evaluates the efficacy of imatinib in K562 cells. This approach is promising for drug discovery and treatment optimization, as it increases sensitivity and streamlines the screening process.
A novel broad-spectrum bacteriophage cocktail against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Isolation, characterization, and therapeutic potential in a mastitis mouse model
Authors: Banar Maryam , Kamyab Haniyeh , Torkashvand Narges , Zahraei Salehi Taghi , Sepehrizadeh Zargham , Shahverdi Ahmad Reza , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Yazdi Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2025

Bovine mastitis is a considerable challenge within the dairy industry, causing significant financial losses and threatening public health. The increased occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has provoked difficulties in managing bovine mastitis. Bacteriophage therapy presents a novel treatment strategy to combat MRSA infections, emerging as a possible substitute for antibiotics. This study evaluated the therapeutic potency of a novel bacteriophage cocktail against MRSA mastitis. Two new bacteriophages (vB_SauR_SW21 and vB_SauR_SW25) with potent lytic activity against MRSA were isolated and characterized. The one-step growth curve displayed a rapid latent period (20–35 min) and substantial burst size (418 and 316 PFU/ cell). In silico analyses have confirmed the absence of antimicrobial resistance or virulence factor-encoding genes within their genomes. According to the results, combining these phages augmented their host range and virulence. The phage cocktail significantly reduced bacterial burden in a BALB/c mastitis model, demonstrating efficacy comparable to antibiotic treatment. Moreover, its administration led to decreased concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α compared to the negative control group. The bacteriophage cocktail (SW21-SW25) exhibits a promising profile for therapeutic applications and may represent a novel substitute to antibiotics for managing MRSA bovine mastitis.
Dynamics and triggers of misinformation on vaccines
Authors: Brugnoli Emanuele , Delmastro Marco
Published: January 2025

The Covid-19 pandemic has sparked renewed attention to the risks of online misinformation, emphasizing its impact on individuals’ quality of life through the spread of health-related myths and misconceptions. In this study, we analyze 6 years (2016–2021) of Italian vaccine debate across diverse social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube), encompassing all major news sources–both questionable and reliable. We first use the symbolic transfer entropy analysis of news production time-series to dynamically determine which category of sources, questionable or reliable, causally drives the agenda on vaccines. Then, leveraging deep learning models capable to accurately classify vaccine-related content based on the conveyed stance and discussed topic, respectively, we evaluate the focus on various topics by news sources promoting opposing views and compare the resulting user engagement. Our study uncovers misinformation not as a parasite of the news ecosystem that merely opposes the perspectives offered by mainstream media, but as an autonomous force capable of even overwhelming the production of vaccine-related content from the latter. While the pervasiveness of misinformation is evident in the significantly higher engagement of questionable sources compared to reliable ones (up to 11 times higher in median value), our findings underscore the need for consistent and thorough pro-vax coverage to counter this imbalance. This is especially important for sensitive topics, where the risk of misinformation spreading and potentially exacerbating negative attitudes toward vaccines is higher. While reliable sources have successfully promoted vaccine efficacy, reducing anti-vax impact, gaps in pro-vax coverage on vaccine safety led to the highest engagement with anti-vax content.
A novel multi-user collaborative cognitive radio spectrum sensing model: Based on a CNN-LSTM model
Authors: Wang Kai , Chen Yangyang , Bo Dan , Wang Shubin
Published: January 2025

Cognitive Radio (CR) technology enables wireless devices to learn about their surrounding spectrum environment through sensing capabilities, thereby facilitating efficient spectrum utilization without interfering with the normal operation of licensed users. This study aims to enhance spectrum sensing in multi-user cooperative cognitive radio systems by leveraging a hybrid model that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. A novel multi-user cooperative spectrum sensing model is developed, utilizing CNN’s local feature extraction capability and LSTM’s advantage in handling sequential data to optimize sensing accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, a multi-head self-attention mechanism is incorporated to improve information flow, enhancing the model’s adaptability and robustness in dynamic and complex environments. Simulation experiments were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The results demonstrate that the CNN-LSTM model achieves low sensing error rates across various numbers of secondary users (16, 24, 32, 40, 48), with a particularly low sensing error of 9.9658% under the 32-user configuration. Additionally, when comparing the sensing errors of different deep learning models, the proposed model consistently outperformed others, showing a 12% lower sensing error under low-power conditions (100 mW). This study successfully develops a CNN-LSTM-based cooperative spectrum sensing model for multi-user cognitive radio systems, significantly improving sensing accuracy and efficiency. By integrating CNN and LSTM technologies, the model not only enhances sensing performance but also improves the handling of long-term dependencies in time-series data, offering a novel technical approach and theoretical support for cognitive radio research. Moreover, the introduction of the multi-head self-attention mechanism further optimizes the model’s adaptability to complex environments, demonstrating significant potential for practical applications.
Analyzing robust dividend payout policy with dynamic panel regression: Application of speed of adjustment to half-life
Authors: Jangphanish Kittisak , Boonyanet Wachira , Tongkong Supa
Published: January 2025

This study aims to observe the effects of financial metrics, free float shareholders, GDP growth and firm age on dividend payout policy in both the short- and long-term scenarios. The study introduces the dynamic panel regression models, i.e. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) for time series data and Weighted Least Squares (WLS) to account for autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity limitation. The dataset includes all companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand during the years 2013–2023. The study finds that in the long-term, GDP growth negatively relates to dividend payout policy in all industrial sectors. Financial metrics, free float shareholders, GDP growth and firm age affect a mixed picture of industrial sectors on dividend payout policy. In the short-term, previous dividend payments significantly influence dividend payment policy. Furthermore, a higher debt-to-equity ratio, firm age, and free cashflows influence dividend payout policy in various industrial sectors. Also shown by the analysis is that factors influence short-run adjustment to half-life analysis.