bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What You Do Know Can Hurt You: An Instructional Case Requiring Application of Professional Standards to an Ethical Dilemma Facing an Auditor and Tax Preparer
Authors: Hess David J. , Haney Mark H. , MacPhail Carol S.
Published: January 2017

This instructional case, based on a real-life experience, introduces students/professionals to an ethical dilemma faced by a CPA who serves as both an auditor and a tax preparer for related parties. The CPA becomes aware of a large amount of gambling activity undertaken by an individual income tax client who is employed as the executive director of the local branch of a national charitable organization. The local branch also happens to be an audit client of the CPA. Through the case, students/professionals gain an understanding of and appreciation for a realistic ethical dilemma faced by a CPA who also prepares personal income tax returns for related parties. To help the CPA resolve the issues in this case, students/professionals must understand and apply relevant professional standards, including the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, AU-C Section 240 “Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit,” and IRS Circular 230 “Regulations Governing Practice Before the Internal Revenue Service.” A survey questionnaire administered to students who completed the case during an upper-level accounting course suggests that students found the case to be an enjoyable and valuable learning experience that helped them to recognize personal and professional ethical issues facing auditors and tax professionals, as well as to access and apply professional standards to such ethical issues.
Surface structuring by laser remelting of metals
Authors: Temmler A. , Küpper M. , Walochnik M. A. , Lanfermann A. , Schmickler T. , Bach A. , Greifenberg T. , Oreshkin O. , Willenborg E. , Wissenbach K. , Poprawe R.
Published: January 2017

Surface structuring by remelting with laser radiation is a new approach to shape metallic surfaces (“WaveShape”). In this structuring process, surface material is reallocated in its molten state instead of being removed, because the process is based on the new active principle of remelting. The surface structure and the microroughness result from a laser-controlled melt pool due to surface tension. Basic research has been conducted with promising results, especially for the hot work steel 1.2343. Since remelting is a thermally driven process, significant differences between metallic materials were expected due to their thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, absorption coefficient, viscosity, heat capacity, etc. Therefore, the presented research soughed to expand the spectrum of processable materials. Within the framework of our investigation, we compared the achieved structure height as well as melt pool dimensions for six different materials. Furthermore, we successfully tested new structuring strategies such as not linearly shaped scanning vectors to create innovative surface structures on all materials investigated. The biggest structures were achieved on the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and the nickel based super alloy IN718. Finally, an approach of reverse structuring was investigated in order to erase existing structures and achieve a smoothed rewriteable metallic surface. The results show that surface structuring by laser remelting is well suited to process a wide range of different metals and to achieve a broad variety of different structures as well as to effectively erase existing surface structures such as milling marks.
Livelihood Strategies as Responses to Water Availability in Pusur Subwatershed, Bengawan Solo
Authors: Wijayanti Rathna , Baiquni Muhammad , Harini Rika
Published: January 2017

Water availability has a significant role on human life, particularly for the rural, agrarian communities. This study aimed to investigate the diverse conditions of water availability in Pusur sub-watershed, Bengawan Solo watershed, and the livelihood strategies of the local community in responding to the water availability. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis, and the data was collected through questionnaire, in-depth interview, and observation. On the water availability, the study used the following variables: (1) quality, (2) quantity, (3) spatial and temporal distribution, (4) access, (5) social-economy, and (5) institutional aspect. On the livelihood strategies, it uses: (1) reaction and (2) anticipation for water deficit. In term of sampling methods, the study used area and purposive sampling, by splitting the study site into the upper, middle, and lower area. The analysis of this study indicates that the level of water availability in the upper area is considered low. The community living in the upper area depends upon rainwater for its agricultural sector, and upon the water supply distributed by pipelines and tanker trucks for its household. The study also indicates that the middle area has abundant water supply, but the quality has been declined due to pollution, poor sanitation system, and potential conflict among the community members. Meanwhile, in the lower area, particularly in the dry season, irrigation water has been inadequate. Responding to the diverse water availability, the community has applied the following livelihood strategies: (1) leaving the agricultural land uncultivated in the upper area, and (2) pumping wells and rivers in the middle and lower areas. In addition, as part of its precautions actions, the community has applied: (1) agroforestry system at the upper area, (2) improved the irrigation system of the middle area, and (3) creating wells and using water pumps in the lower area.
Acknowledgement for Reviewers Volume 30 2016
Authors: Forum Geografi Editors
Published: January 2017

The editors of Forum Geografi would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in Volume 30 2016. Prof. Dr. Junun Sartohadi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaProf. Dr. Ir. Hidayat Pawitan, Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Bogor Agricultural University, IndonesiaDr Muhammad Kamal, UGM, IndonesiaSupari, BMKG Indonesia, Indonesia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Bangi, MalaysiaMuhammad Haikal Karana Sitepu, University of Leeds, United KingdomDr. Yanto, Civil, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia R Muhammad Amin Sunarhadi, Universitas Muhammadiyah SurakartaDr. Sukamdi, IndonesiaDr. Peter Oberle, Institute for Water and River Basin Management (IWG)Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany, GermanyProf. Dr. Muhammad Aris Marfai, Universitas Gadjah MadaDr. Pramaditya Wicaksono, Cartography and Remote Sensing Dept. of Geographic Information Science Faculty of Geography Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaDr. Sushil K. Joshi, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (India), IndiaDr. Djati Mardiatno, UGM, IndonesiaDr. Purnama Budi Santosa, Gadjah Mada University, IndonesiaDr. Donaldi S. Permana, Center for Research and Development Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG); Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center and School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, IndonesiaA Cipta, Geological Agency of Indonesia, Jalan Diponegoro No. 57, Bandung 40122, Indonesia Australian National University, Research School of Earth Sciences, Building 142, Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, AustraliaDr Takanori Horii, Research and Development Center for Global Change (RCGC), Strategic Research and Development Area, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan, JapanHari Agung Adrianto, Institute Pertanian Bogor, IndonesiaDr. Adriana García-Rama, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Italy, ItalyDr. Kuswaji Dwi Priyono, Fak Geografi UMS, IndonesiaDr. Rini Rachmawati, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gajah Mada, IndonesiaDr. Dyah R Hisbaron ,Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gajah MadaDr. Saut Sagala, Intitut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewer, which is crucial to the journal’s editorial decision-making process and to the quality of the work that we publish.
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of gravel deposits between Aaptar and Malekhu, Central Nepal for aggregates
Authors: Dawadi Sunu
Published: January 2017

The Malekhu Khola is rich in sediments which are widely exposed along its banks. In recent years, river mining sites have been established and mining has been carried on to produce aggregates to meet a small portion of the market demand. Because the riverbank deposits are of heterogeneous composition, quality of the aggregate from such deposits is of main issue. This study therefore, aims to evaluate quality of river sediment to know its suitability for aggregate as raw material for various uses, and the volume of the deposit. Field observation and intensive laboratory works were carried out to evaluate aggregates. The samples of aggregates were analyzed for texture, composition, durability and physical and mechanical properties. Majority of the aggregate particles were found metamorphic rocks of the Lesser Himalaya like quartzite, schist, marble, metasandstone, amphibolites, gneiss and granite, etc. Most of the deposits were matrix-supported and the matrix was basically sandy. The majority of clasts showed bladed to disc, and were generally rounded to sub rounded. The sediment size ranged from granule to upto boulder but the modal size was of cobble grade. While tested for gradation, the coarse aggregates ranged from uniform to gap graded categories. In terms of shape, workability of aggregate was found satisfactory. Aggregate samples possessed low Water Absorption Value (0.53–1.08%) and thus low effective porosity. Aggregate Impact Value (13.40–15.70%) and Aggregate Crushing Value (17.50–19.67%) showed good soundness. Los Angeles Abrasion Value (37.00–48.40%) showed the consistent hardness of each of the samples. The low range of Sodium Sulphate Soundness Value (1.37–2.16%) indicated good resistance of aggregates against chemical weathering and frosting. The aggregates were also resistant to slaking as indicated by very high range of Slake Durability Strength Index (98.67–99.72%). Comparing with the existing Nepal Standard (NS), British Standard (BS) and American Standard of Testing Material (ASTM), the studied samples were suitable for concrete structures and unbound pavements. Six different localities were considered in the study area to estimate for resource of aggregates. The total volume of the deposits was estimated to be 392273 cubic meter.Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 18, 2015, pp. 49-58
The Contribution of Public Health Investments to the Economic Growth of Cameroon
Authors: Amadu Ismaila , Eseokwea Ngoe Fritz , Ngambi Marcel
Published: January 2017

The goal of this paper is to determine the contribution of public health investments to the economic growth of Cameroon. The study used the human capital model of Lucas (1988) within the framework of endogenous growth theories. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was employed in the estimations procedure using the World Development Indicators (WDI, 2013) data from the World Bank over the period spanning from 1988 to 2013.The findings show that government health expenditures contribute to economic growth only in the long run. From our results, we recommend that: first, the government should increase health spending to 10 or 15 percent of its GDP as initially suggested by the African Union and the World Health Organization respectively; second, government should enhance the provision of health care services by the private sector by putting in place incitation measures; third, competitive awards should be granted to those health units that render quality health care services.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 12-21
Integrating Classical Language to Modern Media Platforms: A Multimodal Approach towards Mainstreaming Sanskrit
Authors: Hussain S.M. Alfarid , Chanda Neelatphal
Published: January 2017

This ancient language, considered to be the mother language of a majority of Indian languages, today appears to be fighting a losing battle with only about 14,000 people in India claiming Sanskrit as their mother tongue in a country of over 1.2 billion people, as the 2011 census data reveal. In an era increasingly engulfed by the forces of globalization amidst the debates surrounding linguistic homogenization and cultural neo-imperialism, mass media as well as various digital media platforms, including social media can contribute towards restoring the rich literary tradition of the Sanskrit language that defines the very essence of what we understand as ‘Indian culture.’ This paper argues that state-run public service broadcasters like Doordarshan and All India Radio, are obligated to create and transmit content that generate awareness about Sanskrit and its significance to modern Indian knowledge like Ayurveda, yoga, music, grammar, philosophy, Vedic mathematics etc. Yet, this paper argues that the public broadcasters should be careful not to create an arcane and pedantic programming structure meant exclusively for a select oligarchy of Sanskrit specialists, but should rather embark on creative programming formats that would actually attract the young people towards learning the language and understanding its relevance. The social media ecosystem reflects the continued dominance of English as a mode of communication, which implies the complex hegemonic processes that are at work. Yet, there is a growing population of people engaging in social media in their own respective languages. This paper argues that the egalitarian nature of social media coupled with the horizontal type of user-generated content flow architecture provides the perfect spawning ground for the preservation and promotion of Sanskrit in the 21st century society.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 5-8
Reproductive and Maternal Health Challenges of Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: An Anthropological Appraisal
Authors: Pati R. N.
Published: January 2017

A very Poor attention is given to reproductive health issues of pregnant women in rural regions of African countries. Ethiopia is one of the countries in horn of Africa representing highest maternal mortality rate in the continent. The Government of Ethiopia has reformed health policy and program to promote community involvement in maternal health, promotion of emergency obstetric health care, health seeking behavior for optimal utilization of maternal health services by women during pregnancies. The women living in pastoralist and small land holders’ communities are exposed to high risks of reproductive health hazards. Material delays comprising of delay in making the decision for referral, delay in arriving at hospital and delay in receiving appropriate maternal health services are major contributing factors for growing maternal deaths in Ethiopia. The illiteracy of woman, exposure to frequent pregnancies at adolescent age, poor decision making power of women in patriarchal society, poor employment status of women are main predicators of low utilization of maternal services and high ,maternal death in rural regions of the country. This article is based on synthesis of research projects completed by different authors on multiple dimensions of maternal mortality in Ethiopia. The promotion of referral support service and bridging up the referral gaps would address issues of maternal mortality and growing unsafe abortions among young mothers in rural regions of the country. This paper examines critically different socio – cultural barriers that prevent women living in rural area for accessing appropriate utilization of maternal and health services and infrastructure available. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 32-37
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Hepatitis-B Prevention among People of Lahore Community, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Asaf , Ali Muhammad , Rafiullah .
Published: January 2017

Hepatitis-B is a communicable disease and globally a public health problem with a complicated pathology of liver, which disturbs the normal function of the liver caused by Hepatitis-B virus known as HBV.  This study aims to determine knowledge and attitude regarding Hepatitis-B prevention among people of Lahore community, Pakistan. Cross-sectional survey technique was used in current study. The self-administered questionnaire distributed to the 200 participants through convenient random sampling. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data using SPSS (statistical package for social science studies) version 21.The findings of the current study showed, poor knowledge and negative attitude of the participants toward prevention and treatment of Hepatitis-B in the community of Lahore, Pakistan. Moreover they were preferred home remedies, complementary therapies and spiritual healers as compared to medical treatment.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 68-76
Effect of disturbance on litter dynamics in moist tropical forest of eastern Nepal
Authors: Gautam Tilak Prasad , Mandal Tej Narayan
Published: January 2017

Litterfall is an important vector of nutrient and carbon recycling in forest ecosystems. Present study was conducted in moist tropical forest of eastern Nepal to understand the effect of disturbance on litter dynamics. Litterfall was estimated at monthly intervals from one litter trap (1 m × 1 m) at each of the 70 sampling plots while litter mass accumulated at each sampling plot was collected once every season from one 1 m × 1 m plot. The total annual litterfall in undisturbed forest (UF) was 11.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1 which decreased by 54.2% in disturbed forest (DF). Leaves accounted for 69% (UF) to 76% (DF) of total litterfall while non-leaf litter formed the rest. Seasonal pattern exhibited a concentrated litterfall in summer season during March to June when more than 70% litterfall occurred in both stands. Forest floor litter mass also decreased due to forest disturbance. The total input of nutrients to the soil through litterfall in UF was more than double as compared to DF. The nutrient stocks in litter mass were in the order: N > K > P in both stands. Key disturbance activities like lopping, litter removal, tree felling, grazing, fire etc. in the peripheral part of the forest should be strictly prohibited by imposing rules and regulations so that status of biodiversity would be restored. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Distribution pattern and species richness of Liliaceae in the Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Rana Hum Kala , Rana Santosh Kumar , Ghimire Suresh Kumar
Published: January 2017

The most important aspect of plant conservation is to predict the potential distribution and its richness in response to climate change. Contributing to the management program, this study aimed to predict the distribution and richness pattern of Liliaceae in Nepal. The BIOCLIM in DIVA GIS 7.5 model based on distribution records of 19 species belonging to three subfamilies of Liliaceae (Lilioideae, Streptopoideae and Calochortoideae) and 19 climatic variables (derived from Worldclim), revealed that Lilioideae and Streptopoideae are potentially distributed in most of the hilly and mountainous regions of Nepal; whereas Calochortoideae mostly in Eastern and very scanty in Central Nepal. Lilioideae is projected to have high species richness in Central and Western Nepal as compared to other subfamilies. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Perceptions of climate change and variability, impacts and adaptation strategies by rice farmers in south east Nigeria
Authors: Oselebe Happiness Ogba , Nnamani Catherine Veronica , Efisue Andrew , Onu Donatus , Eze Simeon Okpoto , Ogunji Johnny O.
Published: January 2017

This study was designed to identify level of awareness/knowledge of rice farmers in South-eastern Nigeria about climate-change; identify adverse effects of climate-variability and change on rice production and determine adaptation strategies used by small holder rice farmers within study area. Multistage purposive and stratified sampling technique was used for the sample selection. Information from 360 respondents was got using Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and actual survey with questionnaires. Results showed that the rice farmers were aware of weather changes with grave effects on their rice farms. They reported changes in rainfall regime, intense sunshine, high temperature etc. Of special interest among the adaptation strategies by farmers are the use of inorganic fertilizers, improved rice varieties, cultivation of early maturing varieties, and proper preservation of rice seeds. This study recommends urgent measures to improve resilience of smallholder farmers in rural communities to enable them better adapt to climate-change. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants from Ilam District, East Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Krishna Ram , Khadka Madan Kumar
Published: January 2017

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out on the utilization of medicinal plants by Brahman and Chhetri of Nayabazar VDC of Ilam District, East Nepal by interviewing traditional herbalists and various elderly men and women in April and May 2014. All together 102 plant species were recorded for their uses to cure at least 56 human ailments. These species, belonging to 64 families, are listed in alphabetical order, each with local name, parts used, methods of preparation and dose, route of administration, and local status of the plant. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Conflict due to Assamese Macaques (Macaca assamensis McClelland 1840) and crop protection strategies in Kali-gandaki River Basin, Western Nepal
Authors: Paudel Pavan Kumar
Published: January 2017

This study was conducted on conflict due to Assamese Macaques (Macaca assamensis McClelland 1840) and crop protection strategies in Kaligandaki river basin, Baglung and Parbat Districts, Western Nepal. Field survey was conducted from 25 October to 22 December, 2015. Questionnaire survey was carried out to estimate the crop protection strategies and crop damaged by the macaque with the local inhabitants in the Kaligandaki River Basin VDCs. Stratified random sampling method was used to select respondent for the questionnaire survey. Out of 654 river basin households, 92 respondents were selected as sample size from the study area. Maize was the highest raided crop 46.95% followed by 15.91% paddy, 15.11% potato, 10.84% millet, 6.88% wheat, 2.05% pulses, 1.59% fruits and 0.66% vegetables. The most commenly used crop protection strategy in guarding  their field were by constant vigilance 50%, 25% of field owners use “Scarecrows” 20% used dogs, 5% farmers used tin-box and catapult to chase the macaques from the crop fields.  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Biomass composition of phytoplanktons in Mahakali River, Nepal
Authors: Mahaseth Vinod Kumar
Published: January 2017

Phytoplankton biomass composition of Mahakali River has been studied. Samples were collected twice a month at an interval of 15 days for two years from September, 2003 to August, 2005. It was observed that the average annual biomass of phytoplankton community was 10.494 mg/m3 during the first year and 8.057 mg/m3 in the second year of the study. The peak of biomass was obtained in the month of May (15.276mg/m3) and March (11.183mg/m3) during the first and second year, respectively. The lowest values of biomass were recorded in the month of September (0.989mg/m3) and August (0.842mg/m3) during the respective years. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Fish diversity of Triyuga River, Udayapur District, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Jay Narayan
Published: January 2017

The present paper deals with a synopsis of 48 fish species under 35 genera belonging to 17 families and 6 orders from Triyuga River. Some interesting fish species reported from this river are Barilus shacra, Garra annandalei, Psilorhynchoides pseudecheneis, Badis badis, Olyra longicoudata, Tor putitora, Labeo dero and Anguilla bengalensis. Fish diversity of Triyuga river is rich, thus further extensive study is essential for their conservation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Costa Rica and the Cold War, 1948–1990
Authors: Mount Graeme S.
Published: January 2017

The Cold War affected countries throughout the Americas, including Costa Rica, which was important because of its strategic location between the Panama Canal and Nicaragua. This article examines the major Cold War events that affected Costa Rica from 1948, the year when Costa Rica’s Second Republic was born, until 1990, when Nicaragua’s Sandinista government lost a presidential election and its East German ally disappeared. It argues, first, that both the United States and the Soviet Union actively involved Costa Rica in their Cold War pursuits; second, that relations with neighbouring Nicaragua were the single most important determinant of Costa Rica’s Cold War policies; and third, that despite US pressure, Costa Rica managed to maintain considerable autonomy.
Studies on the Synthesis of Substituted 2-amino-4H-benzo[h]chromene and 3-amino-1H-benzo[f]chromene Derivatives Using Base Supported Ionic Liquid Like-phase (SILLP) as an Efficient Green Catalyst
Authors: Kheirkhah Leila , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Mahmoodi Nosrat Ollah , Yahyazadeh Asieh , Ziabari Seyedeh Saeedeh Mirnezami
Published: January 2017

The synthesis of several substituted 2-amino-4 H-benzo[ h]chromene and 3-amino-1 H-benzo[ f]chromene derivatives was carried out using a one-pot three-component reaction of an arylaldehyde, malononitrile and a naphthol in H2O and in the presence of recyclable base supported ionic liquid like-phase as an efficient green catalyst.
A survey based study of public perception towards cell phone use and its association with health complications in an urban setting of Dhaka City
Authors: Sharmin Tarana , Ahmed Tasnim , Reza Abid Al , Mahmud Rizwan
Published: January 2017

With the advancement of science and technology, the worldwide market of cell phone is growing rapidly and the average lifespan of these equipment is shortening. These electronic equipment, containing toxic elements, imposes high risks leading to health complications. This survey based study is an endeavor to observe public awareness towards cell phone use and its correlation to health complications such as hearing impairment, back pain, problems in eye, headache etc. Remarkably this pilot study implies that adverse health effects for using cell phones are greater in male than in female which can be a great concern for our public health.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 518-522
Effect of anti-prolactin drug and peppermint on broodiness, laying performance and egg quality in indigenous hens
Authors: Banu Mst Nasrin , Rashid Md Bazlar , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Aziz Fahima Binte , Islam Md Rakibul , Haque Md Anowarul
Published: January 2017

The study was conducted to determine the effect of antiprolactin drug (Bromergon®) and Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) on broodiness, laying performance and egg quality in indigenous hens. The effect of modulation of prolactin concentration on egg production, sequence length and inter sequence pauses were studied by analyzing the oviposition records. Total sixty indigenous laying hens (30-40 weeks of age), were assigned for treatment with peppermint solution and Bromergon®. Sixty laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) and each group remained 15 hens. Group A was kept for control, Group B was treated with bromocriptine (Bromergon® SANDOZ) orally @ 640 ?g per bird per day, Group C with 50% peppermint solution @ 10 g per bird orally and Group D was with peppermint and Bromergon® combined at previous dose. Over the course of trial, incremental dietary peppermint (Group C) significantly (p?0.05) increased egg production, body weight of treated indigenous hens than other groups. Egg shell percentage, thickness and haugh unit of hens fed diets supplemented with peppermint were greater than that of hens fed the control diet. However, peppermint supplementation did not influence other egg quality characteristics like albumen and yolk percentages and albumen height. The treated birds had comparatively longer sequences and fewer pauses. It is concluded that the physiological pauses occur during ovulatory sequences can be disrupted effectively using Bromergon® and peppermint. Prolactin levels modulated which may interfere with follicular recruitment and subsequent oviposition thereby improves egg laying potential of the indigenous hens.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 547-554
Assessment of job satisfaction among the senior staff nurses working at Sadar Hospital, Naogaon, Bangladesh
Authors: Morsheda Hamima Umme , Zaman Md Nahid Uz , Afroze Nahid
Published: January 2017

This study aimed to examine nurses? job satisfaction at Sadar Hospital, Naogaon, Bangladesh. It also examines the relationships between nurses? assessment, satisfaction, attitude, and practice with respect to job satisfaction. The descriptive cross sectional study design was used to explore the job satisfaction among the staff nurses. Total number of nurses working in this hospital was 121. A total number of fifty nurses were recruited into this study in order to overcome non-response subjects. The age group 30-39 years were 40%, 40-49 years were 46% and 50+ above were 14% nurses. Male nurses were only 6% and the female were 94%. Marital status single 12%, married 80%, widow 8%. Muslim nurses were 58%, Hindu 38% and Christian 4%. Academic qualification of them was SSC 66% and H.S.C 34%. Professional qualification was Diploma in Nursing /Diploma in Midwifery 92%, B.Sc. in public Health Nursing 6% and MPH 2%. Length of service 1 to 10 years 22%, 11 to 20 years 50%, 21 to 25 years 24%, 31+ years 4%. Regarding maintaining therapeutic relationship; facing problem in duty; keeping records; receiving complicated patient; attend in duty time; maintaining aseptic techniques; maintaining work; carryout admission and discharge the results for all above questions were 100% yes. But regarding satisfy to give care 30% respondent were not satisfied; whole for job salary 68% nurses were not feel enough and remaining 32% were satisfied. Again in case of promotion to the next post most of the respondent 16% were satisfied and 84% were not satisfied.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 611-615
Productive and reproductive performances and expected response to selection of second generation of quail varieties conserved at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
Authors: Faruque Shakila , Ali Md Yousuf , Bhuyian AKH Fazlul Haque , Joy Ziaul Faruque , Rabbani Md Ataul Goni
Published: January 2017

Individual selection is particularly indispensable in selection experiments for body weight in quail. Body weight is highly heritable trait. The study was conducted with the objective to assess the productive and reproductive performance and expected response to selection of second generation (G2) of four quail varieties conserved at Bangladesh livestock Research Institute. At 5th week of age, quails of first generation (G1) were selected on the basis of breeding value according to their 5th week body weight. A total of 1953-day-old chicks were hatched in two batches for producing second generation (G2). Diet containing 24% crude protein and 3000 kcal ME/kg were provided to the birds. The data were analyzed in a CRD factorial arrangement by General Linear Model (GLM) Univariate Procedure in SPSS Computer Program. The highest fertility was observed in White (98.31%) variety and hatchability was in Japanese (97.75%) variety. Differences in chick weight at hatch between White and Brown, Brown and Japanese, Japanese and Black, Black and White were approximately 6.90%, 2.74%, 6.20% and 10.51% respectively. The effect of variety and batch on 5th week body weight was significant (p<0.001) but interaction effect of variety and batch was not significant (p>0.05). Black quail had significantly (?2 = 25.00; p<0.01) higher (17.62%) chick mortality than that of other three varieties. As a result of selection, body weight at 5th weeks of age was expected to improve by 4.34g vs. 6.51g; 1.21g vs. 4.33g, 1.68g vs. 3.77g and 1.02g vs. 2.40g respectively for Japanese, White, Brown and Black males and females quail genotypes. It is therefore can be concluded that the White variety is superior in terms of higher body weight and higher fertility and medium chick mortality among the four quail varieties. In each generation, slight response was obtained for selection.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 631-634
Efficacy of simethicone for treatment of bloat in ruminants
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Moshiur , Bhuiyan Mohammad Musharraf Uddin , Islam Md Taohidul , Shamsuddin Mohammed
Published: January 2017

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of simethicone against bloat in ruminants. The investigation was conducted in Potiya Upazila under the Chittagong district where routine veterinary services were in operation by the Community-based Dairy Veterinary Foundation (CDVF), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The diagnosis of bloat in animals was done based on clinical history, clinical signs and examination of animals. A total of 90 ruminants (60 cattle, 10 sheep and 20 goats) affected with bloat were treated with simethicone containing two commercial products marketed in Bangladesh (One product such as Bloat Stop®, marketed by ACME Laboratories, Bangladesh and another imported product by other pharmaceutical company). For treatment, 1 gm simethicone in 100 ml solution in cattle and 200 mg simethicone in 20 ml solution in sheep and goats were administered once at a time. The efficacy of simethicone from two commercial products was evaluated on the basis of recovery rate of affected animals. The overall recovery rates in ruminants after treatment with Bloat Stop® and other commercial product were 80% and 76%, respectively. In cattle recovery rate was numerically higher (83%) when treated with commercial product than that of other product (80%). In sheep, recovery rate was numerically higher (80%) when treated with Bloat Stop® than that of imported product (60%). In goats, the recovery rate was 70% after treatment of bloat with both products. However, the recovery rates in ruminant did not differ statistically between two drugs used for treatment of bloat (p>0.05). In conclusion simethicome is an effective drug for clinical treatment of bloat in ruminants.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 635-638
Manufacture of different value added seaweed products and their acceptance to consumers
Authors: Sarkar Md Shirajul Islam , Kamal Md , Hasan Muhammad Mehedi , Hossain Md Ismail , Shikha Fatema Hoque , Rasul Md Golam
Published: January 2017

Naturally available seaweeds has not been utilized significantly in Bangladesh. In order to make a way for effective utilization of seaweeds, this study was focused on manufacture of different value added seaweed products and their acceptance to consumers. Four value added seaweed food products; namely, seaweed jelly, soup, icecream, curd; two functional food products, namely, seaweed singara, samucha/samosa, and two cosmetic products, namely, seaweed face pack, shampoo were prepared at Fish Processing Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Hypnea sp. seaweed powder was used in manufacture of all the products. For seaweed jelly, soup, ice-cream and curd consumer acceptance was 66.67%, 50%, 41.67% and 83.34%, respectively. For seaweed singara and samucha/samosa, 100% acceptance was found. Seaweed face pack and shampoo got 100% and 66.67% consumers acceptance, respectively. Thus, all these products have potential to be produced commercially.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 639-645
Effect of split and foliar application of nitrogen on leaf nitrogen concentration, SPAD index and photosynthesis in Bt. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Giri MD , Dhonde MB , Tumbare AD
Published: January 2017

A field experiment was carried out at Rahuri (Maharashtra) India in consecutive years of 2011 to 2012 to study the response of split and foliar application of nitrogen on leaf nitrogen concentration, SPAD index and photosynthesis in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). Ten treatments comprising nitrogenmanagement practices (application of recommended dose of nitrogen in 3, 4, 5, 6 splits; foliar application of 20 g KNO3 litre-1 water, 20 g urea litre-1 water, combination of split application of nitrogen and foliar spray of 20 g KNO3 litre-1 water, 20 g urea litre-1 water and control) were tested on inceptisol. Results indicated that application of nitrogen in six splits (20% at sowing as basal and remaining in 5 equal splits at 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS) registered significantly higher leaf nitrogen content, SPAD index and rate of photosynthesis except 60 DAS where 4 nitrogen split showed higher leaf nitrogen content and SPAD index. Similarly the same treatment registered significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of bolls plant-1 and lint yield.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 1-11 (2016)
Assessment of performance and livelihood generated through community based goat production in Bangladesh
Authors: Faruque MO , Choudhury MP , Ritchil CH , Tabassum F , Hashem MA , Bhuiyan AKFH
Published: January 2017

The study was undertaken to investigate the performance of Black Bengal goats and livelihood generated through goat rearing at 3 different villages namely Kaichapur, Salia and Shimulia at Phulpur Upazila (GPS: 24.9500°N and 90.3500°E) of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. The average birth weight, body weight at 6 and 12 months of Black Bengal goat (BBG) were 1.03 ± 0.01 kg, 7.75 ± 0.09 and 12.77 ± 0.16 kg, respectively and daily body weight gain at 0-6 and 6-12 months of age were 34.38±0.54 and 24.62±0.57 g respectively. The average litter size of does was 1.51±0.05 and kid mortality rate was 12.58%. The study revealed that, most of the goat owners were housewives. The educational status and goat rearing system of the farmers were also observed. Most of the farmers were either Primary (55%) or illiterate (38.3%). About 3.33% were below Secondary School certificate and 1.67% Higher Secondary School certificate level. Few farmers have completed their graduation (1.67%). The average net profit from one goat in a year was Tk.754. The expenditure on food purchase, health care, education, clothing, housing condition and social status of the farmers were increased, respectively at a scale of 22.79%, 6.56%, 14.47%, 4.34%, 14.22% and 19.35% due to increase of their income from goat rearing.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 12-19 (2016)
The spatial integration of potato wholesale markets of Uttarakhand in India
Authors: Kumar A , Mishra R
Published: January 2017

This paper analyzes the spatial integration of potato markets in Uttarakhand using monthly wholesale price for ten years. The maximum likelihood method of cointegration developed by Johansen (1988) was used in the study. The dynamics of short-run price responses were examined using vector error correction model (VECM). The results indicated that five potato markets reacted on the long-run cointegrating equations while the speed of price adjustment in the short-run was almost absent. Moreover, it was found that the longer the distance between the markets, the weaker the integration was. To increase the efficiency of potato markets in Uttarakhand, there is need to focus on building an improved market information system. This system should be able to disseminate timely market information about price, demand and supply of produce to enable producers, traders and consumers to make proper production and marketing decisions.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 20-30 (2016)
Water use efficiency and yield of cowpea and nutrient loss in lysimeter experiment under varying water table depth, irrigation schedules and irrigation method
Authors: Dasila Binny , Singh Veer , Kushwaha HS , Srivastava Ajaya , Ram Shri
Published: January 2017

Lysimeter experiment was conducted at Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar during summer season 2013 to study the effect of irrigation schedules and methods on yield, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency of cowpea as well as nutrient loss from silty clay loam soil under fluctuating water table conditions. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design having three irrigation schedules at IW/CPE ratio of 0.3. 0.2 and 0.15 with two irrigation methods (flood and sprinkler) and at 30±1.5, 60±1.5 and 90±1.5 cm water tables replicated thrice. Maximum root length (129.4 cm) and root length density (0.395 cm/cm3) were obtained when irrigation was scheduled at IW: CPE 0.3 associated with 30±1.5 cm water table depth using sprinkler method. Increase in water table depth and IW: CPE ratio decreased water use efficiency where IW: CPE 0.3 produced highest grain yield (1411.6 kg ha-1) with the WUE of 1.15 kg ha mm-1. Significant nutrients uptake response was observed owing to variation in water table depth, irrigation schedules and methods. Analysis of lysimeter leached water showed that with deep drainage and more IW:CPE, leaching losses of N,P and K were more however water applied through sprinkler saved 20.1, 53.7 and 24.4% N, P and K, respectively, over flooded method. Irrigation given at IW: CPE 0.3 through sprinkler form at 60±1.5 cm water table depth favours the higher grain yield and nutrient uptake by crop whereas flooded irrigation with deep water table condition accelerated nutrient leaching.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 46-55 (2016)
Farmers livelihood through one house one farm approach in selected areas of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin MT , Jannat A
Published: January 2017

The study was attempted to analyze the impact of one house one farm approach on farmers livelihood status in some selected areas of Mymensingh district. As the study was based on comparing the farmers livelihood, a total of 90 farmers where 45 farmers were selected randomly who were under this project and the rest of 45 farmers were selected who were not under this project from Bhabkhali, Char Nilakshmia and Char Ishwardia union under sadar upazila. The primary data were collected through direct interview method from the selected farmers using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with a combination of descriptive statistics and econometric analyses like logistic regression and propensity score matching methods to attain the objectives. Sex distribution, family size, training exposure and farm income have positive and significant impact on the adoption of this project. Based on Kernel and Radius matching methods, the average farm household income of the project farmer was increased by the amount of Tk. 28,561.4 to Tk. 16,445.6 per year compared to non-project farmers which is statistically significant at 1% level. Overall employment opportunities were increased by the duration of 22 to 36 man-days for the project farmers compared to non-project farmers. Daily per capita calorie intake from different food items was higher for project farmers than the non-project farmers. The access on human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and financial capital for project farmers were increased by 29.5%, 25.7%, 9.0%, 18.3% and 22.3%, respectively due to the adoption of one house one farm approach. The study also identified some problems faced by the farmers for adopting the project and probable solutions related to those problems. If these problems could be solved within a reasonable time, farmers would be more enthusiastic to adopt the project idea for earning more income which helps them to change their livelihood status ultimately.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 90-106 (2016)
Determinants of household food security in the eastern region of Nepal
Authors: Joshi GR , Joshi NB
Published: January 2017

Using the agricultural census data of 2011/12, this paper has attempted to identify the determinants of household level food security in the eastern region of Nepal. Being the censored type sample population, tobit model has been used. On an average, the households experienced no food shortages for 8.5 months, the cultivated land per household was 0.85 hectare and around 34 percent of the cultivated land was irrigated. The results showed that the size of the land holding, nearness to the market, male headed household, households members with agriculture and allied occupation and the educational level of household head were positive and significant variables while household size was negative and significant variable to food security. It was also revealed that the hills and the mountains were more food insecure than Terai region. Hence, investment in human capital, creation of off-farm employment opportunities, increasing physical access through markets and roads development and access to land and augmenting their quality are needed to further improve the food security situation. Similarly, special programs should be implemented targeting female headed households as they are more food insecure than male headed households.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 174-188 (2016)
Climate change impacts on plant diseases
Authors: Das Tanmoy , Majumdar M. Hajong D , Devi RK Tombisana , Rajesh T
Published: January 2017

The change in Global climate is due to increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. The earths observed climatic changes over the past 50 years are primarily caused by various human activities. The increasing global temperature over the past century by about 0.8°C and expected to rise between 0.9 and 3.5°C by 2100. Such changes will not only have a great effect on the growth and cultivation of different crops but also affect the reproduction, spread and severity of many plant pathogens. Various plant disease models have been developed to incorporate more sophisticated climate predictions at various levels. At the level, the adaptive potential of plant and pathogen populations may prove to be one of the most important predictors of the magnitude of climate change effects. This review highlights various influences of climate change on plant diseases and their effects with suitable examples.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 200-209 (2016)
Promoting Scotland, Diplomacy and Influence through Sport
Authors: Jarvie Grant , Murray Stuart , Macdonald Stuart
Published: January 2017

Sport is being used by a number of countries to raise profile, and create influence. Sports diplomacy has an increasing presence in terms of theory, practice and evidence within international relations. Sports diplomacy may occur both within sport and through sport. The channels through which this is facilitated are complex. Scotland has much to learn from places such as Australia that have put in place a dedicated four-year sports diplomacy strategy. The article sets out to answer key questions and doing so suggests that Scottish sport is capable of making the art of the possible, possible, but that Scotland has yet to grasp the opportunities provided by sport's global currency. The article concludes by making six recommendations.