bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bücher am Bildschirm
Authors: Kosch Lukas , Stocker Günther , Schwabe Annika , Boomgaarden Hajo G.
Published: August 2023

Mit E‑Readern, Smartphones, Notebooks und Tablets sind neue Lesemedien entstanden, deren Haptik, Räumlichkeit, Visualität und Materialität sich grundlegend von denen des traditionellen Buches unterscheiden und die von einer Reihe unterschiedlicher Textdarstellungen und damit verbundenen Nutzungshandlungen gekennzeichnet sind. Die Frage nach den konkreten Praktiken des literarischen Lesens am Bildschirm und den damit verbundenen literarischen Erfahrungen wird in diesem Beitrag auf der Basis eines Laborexperiments (N=207), einer Fokusgruppenstudie (N=34) und einer quotenbasierten Online-Umfrage (N=779) beantwortet. Die synoptische Auswertung dieser drei veröffentlichten Studien zeigt, dass gerade eine praxeologische Perspektive wichtige Erkenntnisse für das Verständnis der Unterschiede zwischen dem Lesen gedruckter Bücher und E‑Books erbringen kann. Sowohl was die Menge des Gelesenen betrifft als auch die Lektüreauswahl, die Leseorte und Lesesituationen sowie die Erwerbs- und Aufbewahrungsformen, münden die unterschiedlichen Materialitätsprofile von gedruckten und digitalisierten Büchern in unterschiedlichen Praxeographien. Beide Lesemedien erfüllen unterschiedliche Funktionen, gehen mit verschiedenen Lesepraktiken einher und ergänzen sich vielmehr als sich zu ersetzen.
»Geprägte Form«: Erich Rothackers Kulturanthropologie
Authors: Fohrmann Jürgen
Published: August 2023

Das geisteswissenschaftliche Modell, das Rothacker entfaltet, ist durchgängig vernetzt durch die Vorstellung von Teilhabe (als Wahrnehmung, in Tradition, in Gemeinschaft); dieses Modell verändert sich über die Jahre nicht grundlegend. Die Rothacker’schen Schriften akzentuieren jeweils Dimensionen einer Vorstellung von »geprägter Form« (J. W. Goethe, »Urworte Orphisch«), die als Lebensstil für Individuen wie Nationen gleichermaßen bindend wirkt. Der Rothacker’sche Ansatz erlaubt es dabei strukturell, Umbesetzungen (z. B. im Andienen an den Nationalsozialismus) vorzunehmen, ohne das eigene Modell umfassend revidieren zu müssen. Mit Rothackers Interpretation »geprägter Form« sind kulturelle Wertsetzungen verbunden.
How Should Personal and Political Autonomy Feature in the ECtHR’s Margin of Appreciation?
Authors: Scherz Antoinette
Published: August 2023

Courts are often criticised as undemocratic. The backlash against international courts in the last decade is also partly driven by this concern. Human rights courts’ legitimacy is particularly challenged because they aim to protect human rights against the very states that need to comply with and implement the courts’ judgements. Therefore, several international courts have developed mechanisms of deference to states. One especially interesting tool is the European Court of Human Rights’ margin of appreciation doctrine. This paper proposes that the margin of appreciation can ensure the conditions of personal autonomy by protecting human rights while respecting the democratic decisions of states. Yet, states’ decisions should only be respected insofar as they realise political autonomy. Understanding the margin in this way allows us to critically evaluate arguments made under this label. The paper reviews developments in the ECtHR practice with regard to (a) different cases that use the margin of appreciation doctrine, (b) appeals to a European consensus, and (c) the procedural turn in its review and assesses whether and how they can be justified in the light of considerations about personal and political autonomy.
Reproducibility, verifiability, and computational historical research
Authors: Burrows Toby
Published: August 2023

Digital humanities methods have been at the heart of a recent series of high-profile historical research projects. But these approaches raise new questions about reproducibility and verifiability in a field of research where grounding one’s conclusions in a body of historical evidence is crucial. While there have been extensive debates about the nature and methods of historical research since the nineteenth century, the underlying assumption has generally been that documenting one’s sources in a series of footnotes is essential to enable other researchers to test the validity of the research. Even if this approach never amounted to “reproducibility” in the sense of scientific experimentation, it might still be seen as broadly analogous, since the evidence can be reassembled to see the basis for the explanations that were offered and to test their validity. This essay examines how new digital methods like topic modelling, network analysis, knowledge graphs, species models, and various kinds of visualizations are affecting the process of reproducing and verifying historical research. Using examples drawn from recent research projects, it identifies a need for thorough documentation and publication of the different layers of digital research: digital and digitized collections, descriptive metadata, the software used for analysis and visualizations, and the various settings and configurations.
Identifying the Common Elements of Early Childhood Interventions Supporting Cognitive Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Mamedova Kamilla , Laurenzi Christina A. , Gordon Sarah , Tomlinson Mark , Fearon Pasco
Published: August 2023

Psychosocial interventions for infants and young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have great potential, but there is a large and diverse range of techniques and procedures used within them, which poses challenges to evaluating and adapting them for scale-up. Our objective was to review psychosocial interventions conducted in LMICs to improve young children’s cognitive outcomes, and identify common techniques used across effective interventions. We systematically searched for relevant reviews using academic databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed) and subject-specific databases (EPPI Centre, WHO Global Health Library, UNICEF Publications Database) for publications dated up to March 2021. Reviews of psychosocial interventions aimed at parents and children in LMICs, measuring child cognitive outcomes, were eligible. Study selection was performed in duplicate. Review characteristics and effectiveness data were extracted, with a proportion checked by a second reviewer. AMSTAR2 was applied to assess review strength. The PracticeWise coding system was used to distil practice elements from effective interventions. We included ten systematic reviews demonstrating evidence of effectiveness. Comprehensive interventions of higher intensity and longer duration yielded better results. From these reviews, 28 effective interventions were identified; their protocols and/or linked publications were coded for common practice elements. Six elements occurred in ≥ 75% of protocols: attachment building, play/pretend, psychoeducation, responsive care, talking to baby, and toys use. Interventions and reviews were highly heterogenous, limiting generalizability. LMIC-based psychosocial interventions can be effective in improving children’s cognitive development. Identifying common practice elements of effective interventions can inform future development and implementation of ECD programs in LMICs.
Factors and mechanisms regulating heavy metal phycoremediation in polluted water
Authors: Nyika Joan , Dinka Megersa Olumana
Published: August 2023

Rapid advances to industrialization and population increases have put aquatic ecosystems at high risk of pollution from various industrial and municipal effluents. The effluents consist of heavy metals (HM), micropollutants, nutrients, microorganisms, solids, particulates and dissolved matter. To this effect, pollutant remediation in such ecosystems is inevitable and of interest in global research. In this study, phycoremediation and its potential to bioremediate HM from polluted aqueous solutions is of focus. The factors influencing the process and the mechanisms involved are explored. The study established that available functional groups in microalgae, cell surfaces characteristics, type of microalgae species used, nutrient availability, size of biosorbent and metal concentration are some environmental factors, which influence phycoremediation success. Uptake of HM from contaminated water is regulated by mechanisms such as volatilization, bio-methylation, enzyme catalyzation, compartmentalization, extracellular polymeric substances-complexation, extracellular biosorption and intracellular bioaccumulation. To ensure high pollutant removal efficacy, improved adaptability of microalgae to HM-polluted systems and high resilience to attack by foreign agents, a number of mechanisms can be adopted. These include microalgal pretreatment with chemicals, bioengineering and biotechnological advances such a gene encoding, synthesis of transgenic proteins, gene overexpression, modification of microalgal cell surfaces with nanoparticles and the use of a consortium of microbes. This study noted that optimizing the discussed factors and mechanisms will promote field-scale application of phycoremediation in water treatment to remove HM.
Adolescents’ difficulties, strengths and feelings of insecurity: a cross-sectional descriptive survey in Finland
Authors: Kokkonen Pinja , Athanasopoulou Christina , Leino-Kilpi Helena , Puukka Pauli , Sakellari Evanthia
Published: August 2023

The present study aimed to describe adolescents’ self-reported emotional and behavioural strengths and difficulties, as well as their insecurity feeling. In addition, the aim was to examine the association with background characteristics, and explore the association between strengths and difficulties and insecurity factors. The study was conducted among 114 secondary school pupils in Finland, using an online questionnaire. Adolescents’ emotional and behavioural difficulties and strengths, were mostly classified as normal. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire total score as well as internal and external score, were inversely associated with insecurity factors. Girls had significantly higher prosocial behavior compared to boys (P = 0.0007). The age of adolescents was found to be related to their internal difficulties (P = 0.02) and prosocial behavior (P = 0.01). Adolescent’s perception of their family relations as poor was associated with external difficulties (P = 0.04). The current results, can be helpful for mental health professionals who work with adolescents in order to implement appropriate and needs specific mental health promotion interventions at individual but also community level. Finally, more research is needed to validate measures for insecurity. This will support mental health professionals in their clinical practice by providing them with all the important factors needed to support adolescents.
Framing responsive architecture with soft robots—the exploratory practice of soft pneumatic robotic architectural system
Authors: Wang Si-Yuan Rylan
Published: August 2023

Inspired by intelligent skin, this research constructs a soft pneumatic robotic architectural system based on the interaction between inflatable material agents and the human body. It aims to provide flexibly changeable scene modes for dynamic inhabiting through responsive spatial performance. From the idea of the Fun Palace and the structure and performance spatial methodology to the proposal of responsive/soft architecture and relevant examples such as Furl and Robot Soft, the literature review provides the foundation and direction for the establishment of research experiments. The research methodology is based on structure and performance, oriented to explore soft material agents, link input information and output modules to realize the manifestation of human-space interaction and spatial performance and assemble the basic configuration of the system. As a result, a synergistic architectural interaction system like a media center that can provide a variety of adaptive space scenes is built, which can realize real-time perception and responsive control of the interactive process, and at the same time provide richness of scene performance beyond established architectural configurations, confirming the possibility of creating a behaviorally responsive architecture by integrating modularly morphing spaces, AI-sensing systems, and interaction technologies. This study explored responsive human settlements by expanding soft pneumatic robots in architecture. It can expand to fields such as machine cognition at the input level, further realize the real-time feedback system at the output level, and can evolve with the information interconnection of urban landscapes and residential communities in terms of spatial interaction. The work gives a convincing vision of architectural intelligence through soft robotics and is expected to continue to develop and bring more inspiring innovations with its integrated methods and connotations.
Efficient Machine Learning and Factional Calculus Based Mathematical Model for Early COVID Prediction
Authors: Chandra Saroj Kumar , Bajpai Manish Kumar
Published: August 2023

Diseases are increasing with exponential rate worldwide. Its detection is challenging task due to unavailability of the experts. Machine learning models provide automated mechanism to detect diseases once trained. It has been used to predict and detect many diseases such as cancer, heart attack, liver infections, kidney infections. The new coronavirus has become one of the deadliest diseases. Its case escalated in unexpected ways. In the literature, many machine learning models such as Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoosting), Support Vector Machine (SVM), regression, and Logistic regression have been used. It has been observed that these models can predict COVID cases early but are unable to find the peak point and deadline of the disease. Hence, mathematical models have been designed to early predict and find peak point and dead-line in disease prediction. These mathematical models use integral calculus-based Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to predict COVID cases. Governments are dependent on these models’ pre- diction for early preparation of hospitalization, medicines, and many more. Hence, higher prediction accuracy is required. It has been found in the literature that fractional calculus-based models are more accurate in disease prediction and detection. Fractional models provides to choose order of derivative with fractional value due to which information processing capability increases. In the present work, mathematical model using fractional calculus has been devised for prediction of COVID cases. In the model, quarantine, symptomatic and asymptomatic cases have been incorporated for accurate prediction. It is found that the proposed fractional model not only predicts COVID cases more accurately but also gives peak point and dead-line of the disease.
Religious Dissimulation and Early Modern Drama
Authors: Schindler Kilian
Published: August 2023

Kilian Schindler examines how playwrights such as William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and Christopher Marlowe represented religious dissimulation on stage and argues that debates about the legitimacy of dissembling one's faith were closely bound up with early modern conceptions of theatricality. Considering both Catholic and Protestant perspectives on religious dissimulation in the absence of full toleration, Schindler demonstrates its ubiquity and urgency in early modern culture. By reconstructing the ideological undercurrents that inform both religious dissimulation and theatricality as a form of dissimulation, this book makes a case for the centrality of dissimulation in the religious politics of early modern drama. Lucid and original, this study is an important contribution to the understanding of early modern religious and literary culture. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Borrowings in Informal American English
Authors: Kowalczyk Małgorzata
Published: August 2023

What do 'bimbo,' 'glitch,' 'savvy,' and 'shtick' all have in common? They are all expressions used in informal American English that have been taken from other languages. This pioneering book provides a comprehensive description of borrowings in informal American English, based on a large database of citations from thousands of contemporary sources, including the press, film, and TV. It presents the United States as a linguistic 'melting pot,' with words from a diverse range of languages now frequently appearing in the lexicon. It examines these borrowings from various perspectives, including discussions of terms, donors, types, changes, functions, and themes. It also features an alphabetical glossary of 1,200 representative expressions, defined and illustrated by 5,500 usage examples, providing an insightful and practical resource for readers. Combining scholarship with readability, this book is a fascinating storehouse of information for students and researchers in linguistics as well as anyone interested in lexical variation in contemporary English.
Sleep problems in children and adolescents in an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder service
Authors: Bond L. , McTiernan D. , Connaughton M. , Heron E. A. , Coogan A. N. , McGrath J.
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

Sleep problems are common amongst children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep problems in children and adolescents attending a specialist ADHD service.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional online survey combined with a retrospective chart review, conducted in the ADHD Assessment, Diagnosis, Management, initiation, Research and Education (ADMiRE) service, the first public specialist ADHD service for young people in Ireland. Participants were caregivers of children and adolescents with ADHD attending ADMiRE. Sleep was assessed using The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and ADHD symptoms were assessed using an abbreviated version of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Teacher and Parent Rating Scale (SNAP-IV). Details regarding patient demographics, co-morbidities and medication were collected from patient records.

Results:

Eighty-four percent of young people scored above the clinical cut-off for a sleep disorder. The most frequently reported sleep problems were related to sleep onset and sleep duration, and 64% of respondents met the criteria for two or more sleep problems. ADHD severity was associated with greater sleep problems. Co-morbid physical, neurodevelopmental, and mental health disorders as well as stimulant use were not associated with greater sleep problems.

Conclusion:

Sleep problems are very common amongst children and adolescents with ADHD. This study has demonstrated an association between more sleep problems and ADHD severity. These findings highlight the need for both effective ADHD treatment to ensure optional sleep in young people as well as effective interventions for sleep problems to prevent worsening of ADHD symptoms.
The impact of disaggregated formal institutional distance variables on entry mode decision: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Ahmed Kashif , Bebenroth Ralf
Published: August 2023

Grounded in the organizational legitimacy perspective, this study examines the influence of formal institutional distance (FID) on the entry mode choice of Japanese cross-border acquirers. By disaggregating the FID variable using the Worldwide Governance Indicators, we provide a nuanced understanding of the relationship between FID dimensions and acquisition behavior. We find that out of the six disaggregated FID measures, three dimensions significantly impact acquisition decisions. Specifically, FID related to ‘regulatory quality’ and ‘control of corruption’ negatively affects the likelihood of full acquisitions, while FID related to the ‘rule of law’ positively influences full acquisitions. Our findings challenge the use of aggregated measures and highlight the importance of considering institutional variations. Japanese acquirers demonstrate a preference for higher control in uncertain legal environments. This study contributes to the literature by offering insights into the specific FID dimensions that drive the choice between partial and full acquisitions for Japanese firms.
How and when employees’ boundary-spanning behavior improves their creative performance: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Li Ran
Published: August 2023

This article draws on status characteristics theory to explore the mechanisms of individual-level boundary-spanning behavior on employee creative performance, as well as the mediating role of informal status and the moderating role of Zhongyong thinking. The results of a two-wave questionnaire survey of 202 employees show that boundary-spanning behavior has a significant positive relationship with employees’ creative performance, informal status mediates the link between boundary-spanning behavior and creative performance of this employee, Zhongyong thinking plays a moderating role between employees’ boundary-spanning behavior and their informal status, and Zhongyong thinking also moderates the mediating role of informal status between boundary-spanning behavior and employee creative performance. In this paper, a moderated mediation model is established to enhance the understanding of the effects and mechanisms of individual boundary-spanning behavior, as well as to provide some constructive insight into how boundary-spanning behavior can be effectively employed in management practice within the Chinese context.
Bayesian parameter estimation in glacier mass-balance modelling using observations with distinct temporal resolutions and uncertainties
Authors: Sjursen Kamilla H. , Dunse Thorben , Tambue Antoine , Schuler Thomas V. , Andreassen Liss M.
Published: August 2023

Empirical glacier mass-balance models are commonly used in assessments of glacier and runoff evolution. Recent satellite-borne geodetic mass-balance observations of global coverage facilitate large-scale model calibration that previously relied on sparse in situ observations of glacier mass change. Geodetic observations constitute temporally aggregated mass-balance signals with significant uncertainty, raising questions about the role of observations with different temporal resolutions and uncertainties in constraining model parameters. We employ a Bayesian approach and demonstrate the sensitivity of parameter values to commonly used mass-balance observations of seasonal, annual and decadal resolution with uncertainties characteristic to in situ and satellite-borne observations. For glaciers along a continentality gradient in Norway, the use of annual mass balances results in around 20% lower magnitude of modelled ablation and accumulation (1960–2020), compared to employing seasonal balances. Decadal mass balance also underestimates magnitudes of ablation and accumulation, but parameter values are strongly influenced by the prior distribution. The datasets yield similar estimates of annual mass balance with different margins of uncertainty. Decadal observations are afflicted with considerable uncertainty in mass-balance sensitivity due to high parameter uncertainty. Our results highlight the importance of seasonal observations when model applications require accurate magnitudes of ablation, e.g. to estimate meltwater runoff.
Content and uptake of macroelements in green fodder of mixtures of narrowleaf lupin with spring triticale
Authors: Górski R. , Płaza A.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the results of a study conducted in 2016–2018 in the temperate conditions to evaluate the content and uptake of P, K, Ca and Mg in mixtures of narrowleaf lupin with spring triticale grown for green fodder. Two factors were analysed in the experiment: A – the proportion of components in the mixture: narrowleaf lupine 100%, narrowleaf lupine + spring triticale 75 + 25%, 50 + 50%, 25 + 75%, and spring triticale 100%; B – the harvest stage the flowering stage of narrowleaf lupine, the stage of flat green pod of narrowleaf lupine. Increasing the proportion of spring triticale in the sown mixtures in relation to narrowleaf lupine resulted in a decrease in the content of the analysed macroelements by 8.9%–28.7% on a g/kg DM basis. The greatest uptake on a kg/ha basis of macroelements was found in the mixture with an equal share of both components. Harvesting mixtures at a later stage of development increased the uptake of P, K, Ca and Mg by 98.7%–111.8% because of greater DM yield, but reduced the content of these macroelements by 12.6%–20.8% in the more mature fodder. Mixtures of narrowleaf lupine with spring triticale can provide valuable mineral nutrients for livestock.
Amulo, the Adulterata and Bodo
Authors: COOK JOHN GRANGER
Published: August 2023

Amulo, one of the earliest western witnesses for the Toledot Yeshu, uses ‘adulterata’ to describe the mother of Jesus. Some scholars have claimed that the word ‘adulterata’ implies that she was raped either by force or by deception. Forcible rape is questionable based on a linguistic argument: Latin usage of ‘adultero’, both classical and Christian, normally refers to a woman with the accusative case or the passive voice and distinguishes clearly between adultery and violent rape. It is possible that narratives such as the one about Jesus’ mother played a role in the conversion of the palace deacon Bodo to Judaism.
Energetic bounds on gyrokinetic instabilities. Part 3. Generalized free energy
Authors: Plunk G.G. , Helander P.
Published: August 2023

Free energy, widely used as a measure of turbulence intensity in weakly collisional plasmas, has been recently found to be a suitable basis to describe both linear and nonlinear growth in a wide class gyrokinetic systems. The simplicity afforded by this approach is accompanied by some drawbacks, notably the lack of any explicit treatment of wave–particle effects, which makes the theory unable to describe things like stability thresholds or dependence on the geometry of the background magnetic field. As a step toward overcoming these limitations, we propose an extension of the theory based on a generalization of the free energy. With this, it is demonstrated that resonance effects are recovered, and the bounds on growth are significantly reduced. The simplicity and efficient computation of the associated ‘optimal’ growth rates makes the theory potentially applicable to stellarator optimization.
Is the hangul Cervus hanglu hanglu in Kashmir drifting towards extinction? Evidence from 19 years of monitoring
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Mirelli Marco , Charoo Samina , Nigam Parag , Qureshi Qamar , Naqash Rashid Y. , Focardi Stefano
Published: August 2023

The Tarim red deer Cervus hanglu has been recently recognized as a separate deer species with populations in China, Central Asia and Kashmir. These populations are few, isolated and at risk of extinction. The documented range of the Kashmir population of the hangul, now recognized as Cervus hanglu hanglu, is restricted to c. 808 km2 and comprises < 200 individuals, confined mainly to the 141 km2 Dachigam National Park. A few relict herds inhabit the surrounding landscape. Here we analyse the results of almost 20 years of population monitoring (January 2001–March 2020). We found that this population is unable to increase despite full protection within Dachigam National Park. We performed a population viability analysis using both deterministic and stochastic simulations and found that further population decrease is likely. We recommend the use of improved monitoring methods to investigate the population dynamics of the hangul and the implementation of measures to reduce the risk of extinction faced by this small population. Science-based conservation policies, including ex situ conservation and reintroduction programmes, will be required to increase the hangul population size and range.
Technology-enhanced approximation to Standard English stress shift
Authors: Aiyeola Abisola
Published: August 2023

International intelligibility among World Englishes is indisputably pertinent. Second language contexts, such as Nigeria, often adopt the Received Pronunciation (RP) to achieve intelligibility and serve as the pedagogical and descriptive basis of the language (Carr & Honeybone, 2007). However, studies on spoken Nigerian English (NE) have established that RP is unattainable by Nigerians, English language teachers inclusive (Akinjobi & Aina, 2014; Aina, 2014; Adesanya, 2020a; Agboyinu, 2018; Aiyeola, 2021). Search for an ancillary model of Standard English pronunciation in Nigeria, therefore, becomes a necessity.
The Ecological Resilience Framework: The Justice Ambassadors Youth Council as a model for community-based resilience
Authors: Burrows Brooke , Daniels Jarrell , Starks UniQue C. , Amso Dima , Downey Geraldine
Published: August 2023

We present an ‘Ecological Resilience Framework’ (ERF) to demonstrate how resilience is created through the Justice Ambassadors Youth Council (JAYC) program. JAYC is a platform in which New York government representatives collaboratively learn and develop policy solutions alongside emerging adults who are criminal legal system impacted and reside in predominantly Black and Hispanic communities characterized by chronically high levels of poverty, violence, and incarceration. We focus our work on the process of developing resilience in the context of structural social inequity and injustice. We argue that resilience can best be understood in the context of the adversity to which it is a response, not as an isolated individual quality. Therefore, resilience science is at its best when it incorporates a multi-disciplinary scientific perspective, one that addresses a continuum from individual- to community- to society-level physical, cognitive, relationship, and mental health variables. To demonstrate how our ERF incorporates this approach, we outline how JAYC not only supports young adult participants in understanding their individual life trajectories and narrative identity, but also actively connects them within a diverse social network of mentors and to various opportunities that support a healthy transition to adult resilience.
Compositional Verification in Rewriting Logic
Authors: MARTÍN ÓSCAR , VERDEJO ALBERTO , MARTÍ-OLIET NARCISO
Published: August 2023

In previous work, summarized in this paper, we proposed an operation of parallel composition for rewriting-logic theories, allowing compositional specification of systems and reusability of components. The present paper focuses on compositional verification. We show how the assume/guarantee technique can be transposed to our setting, by giving appropriate definitions of satisfaction based on transition structures and path semantics. We also show that simulation and equational abstraction can be done componentwise. Appropriate concepts of fairness and deadlock for our composition operation are discussed, as they affect satisfaction of temporal formulas. We keep in parallel a distributed and a global view of composed systems. We show that these views are equivalent and interchangeable, which may help our intuition and also has practical uses as, for example, it allows global-style verification of a modularly specified system. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).
Critique of digital constitutionalism: Deconstruction and reconstruction from a societal perspective
Authors: Golia Angelo Jr
Published: August 2023

Digital constitutionalism is a strand of scholarship that focuses on the relationship between constitutional law and the socio-legal challenges posed by the digital revolution. However, such scholarship often builds uncritically on the tenets of liberal, state-centred constitutional theory, giving rise to contradictions between analytical starting points and normative aspirations. Against this background, with an approach inspired by societal constitutionalism, this article engages with digital constitutionalism as both an object and a means of critique. As an object, digital constitutionalism is assessed in the light of its contradictions. As a means, digital constitutionalism is used to assess the limits of traditional, liberal, state-centred constitutional theory. In other words, societal constitutionalism is the theoretical lens used to both deconstruct and reconstruct digital constitutionalism according to its normative aspirations. The article has three main goals: first, linking different discourses within digital constitutionalism, highlighting its critical potential; second, advancing some proposals based on such reflections; and third, bringing digital constitutionalism closer to the broader global constitutionalism discourse. After an overview of societal constitutionalism, the article focuses on digital constitutionalism’s definition and three functionally differentiated systems: politics, economy and law. For each of them, it highlights analytical and normative gains deriving from the societal constitutionalism-based approach as well as policy proposals to be developed further.
Single-cell massively-parallel multiplexed microbial sequencing (M3-seq) identifies rare bacterial populations and profiles phage infection
Authors: Wang Bruce , Lin Aaron E. , Yuan Jiayi , Novak Katherine E. , Koch Matthias D. , Wingreen Ned S. , Adamson Britt , Gitai Zemer
Published: August 2023

Bacterial populations are highly adaptive. They can respond to stress and survive in shifting environments. How the behaviours of individual bacteria vary during stress, however, is poorly understood. To identify and characterize rare bacterial subpopulations, technologies for single-cell transcriptional profiling have been developed. Existing approaches show some degree of limitation, for example, in terms of number of cells or transcripts that can be profiled. Due in part to these limitations, few conditions have been studied with these tools. Here we develop massively-parallel, multiplexed, microbial sequencing (M3-seq)—a single-cell RNA-sequencing platform for bacteria that pairs combinatorial cell indexing with post hoc rRNA depletion. We show that M3-seq can profile bacterial cells from different species under a range of conditions in single experiments. We then apply M3-seq to hundreds of thousands of cells, revealing rare populations and insights into bet-hedging associated with stress responses and characterizing phage infection.
Multielement Z-tag imaging by X-ray fluorescence microscopy for next-generation multiplex imaging
Authors: Strotton Merrick , Hosogane Tsuyoshi , di Michiel Marco , Moch Holger , Varga Zsuzsanna , Bodenmiller Bernd
Published: August 2023

Rapid, highly multiplexed, nondestructive imaging that spans the molecular to the supra-cellular scale would be a powerful tool for tissue analysis. However, the physical constraints of established imaging methods limit the simultaneous improvement of these parameters. Whole-organism to atomic-level imaging is possible with tissue-penetrant, picometer-wavelength X-rays. To enable highly multiplexed X-ray imaging, we developed multielement Z-tag X-ray fluorescence (MEZ-XRF) that can operate at kHz speeds when combined with signal amplification by exchange reaction (SABER)-amplified Z-tag reagents. We demonstrated parallel imaging of 20 Z-tag or SABER Z-tag reagents at subcellular resolution in cell lines and multiple human tissues. We benchmarked MEZ-XRF against imaging mass cytometry and demonstrated the nondestructive multiscale repeat imaging capabilities of MEZ-XRF with rapid tissue overview scans, followed by slower, more sensitive imaging of low-abundance markers such as immune checkpoint proteins. The unique multiscale, nondestructive nature of MEZ-XRF, combined with SABER Z-tags for high sensitivity or enhanced speed, enables highly multiplexed bioimaging across biological scales.
Artificial intelligence in ovarian cancer histopathology: a systematic review
Authors: Breen Jack , Allen Katie , Zucker Kieran , Adusumilli Pratik , Scarsbrook Andrew , Hall Geoff , Orsi Nicolas M. , Ravikumar Nishant
Published: August 2023

This study evaluates the quality of published research using artificial intelligence (AI) for ovarian cancer diagnosis or prognosis using histopathology data. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and WHO-ICTRP was conducted up to May 19, 2023. Inclusion criteria required that AI was used for prognostic or diagnostic inferences in human ovarian cancer histopathology images. Risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST. Information about each model was tabulated and summary statistics were reported. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022334730) and PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines were followed. Searches identified 1573 records, of which 45 were eligible for inclusion. These studies contained 80 models of interest, including 37 diagnostic models, 22 prognostic models, and 21 other diagnostically relevant models. Common tasks included treatment response prediction (11/80), malignancy status classification (10/80), stain quantification (9/80), and histological subtyping (7/80). Models were developed using 1–1375 histopathology slides from 1–776 ovarian cancer patients. A high or unclear risk of bias was found in all studies, most frequently due to limited analysis and incomplete reporting regarding participant recruitment. Limited research has been conducted on the application of AI to histopathology images for diagnostic or prognostic purposes in ovarian cancer, and none of the models have been demonstrated to be ready for real-world implementation. Key aspects to accelerate clinical translation include transparent and comprehensive reporting of data provenance and modelling approaches, and improved quantitative evaluation using cross-validation and external validations. This work was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.
Young SINEs in pig genomes impact gene regulation, genetic diversity, and complex traits
Authors: Zhao Pengju , Gu Lihong , Gao Yahui , Pan Zhangyuan , Liu Lei , Li Xingzheng , Zhou Huaijun , Yu Dongyou , Han Xinyan , Qian Lichun , Liu George E. , Fang Lingzhao , Wang Zhengguang
Published: August 2023

Transposable elements (TEs) are a major source of genetic polymorphisms and play a role in chromatin architecture, gene regulatory networks, and genomic evolution. However, their functional role in pigs and contributions to complex traits are largely unknown. We created a catalog of TEs (n = 3,087,929) in pigs and found that young SINEs were predominantly silenced by histone modifications, DNA methylation, and decreased accessibility. However, some transcripts from active young SINEs showed high tissue-specificity, as confirmed by analyzing 3570 RNA-seq samples. We also detected 211,067 dimorphic SINEs in 374 individuals, including 340 population-specific ones associated with local adaptation. Mapping these dimorphic SINEs to genome-wide associations of 97 complex traits in pigs, we found 54 candidate genes (e.g., ANK2 and VRTN) that might be mediated by TEs. Our findings highlight the important roles of young SINEs and provide a supplement for genotype-to-phenotype associations and modern breeding in pigs.
Rapid and biased evolution of canalization during adaptive divergence revealed by dominance in gene expression variability during Arctic charr early development
Authors: Horta-Lacueva Quentin Jean-Baptiste , Jónsson Zophonías Oddur , Thorholludottir Dagny A. V. , Hallgrímsson Benedikt , Kapralova Kalina Hristova
Published: August 2023

Adaptive evolution may be influenced by canalization, the buffering of developmental processes from environmental and genetic perturbations, but how this occurs is poorly understood. Here, we explore how gene expression variability evolves in diverging and hybridizing populations, by focusing on the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) of Thingvallavatn, a classic case of divergence between feeding habitats. We report distinct profiles of gene expression variance for both coding RNAs and microRNAs between the offspring of two contrasting morphs (benthic/limnetic) and their hybrids reared in common conditions and sampled at two key points of cranial development. Gene expression variance in the hybrids is substantially affected by maternal effects, and many genes show biased expression variance toward the limnetic morph. This suggests that canalization, as inferred by gene expression variance, can rapidly diverge in sympatry through multiple gene pathways, which are associated with dominance patterns possibly biasing evolutionary trajectories and mitigating the effects of hybridization on adaptive evolution.
Plasma metabolomic profiling in two rabbit lines divergently selected for intramuscular fat content
Authors: Zubiri-Gaitán Agostina , Blasco Agustín , Hernández Pilar
Published: August 2023

This study provides a thorough comparison of the plasma metabolome of two rabbit lines divergently selected for intramuscular fat content (IMF). The divergent selection led to a correlated response in the overall adiposity, turning these lines into a valuable animal material to study also the genetics of obesity. Over 900 metabolites were detected, and the adjustment of multivariate models, both discriminant and linear, allowed to identify 322 with differential abundances between lines, which also adjusted linearly to the IMF content. The most affected pathways were those of lipids and amino acids, with differences between lines ranging from 0.23 to 6.04 standard deviations, revealing a limited capacity of the low-IMF line to obtain energy from lipids, and a greater branched-chain amino acids catabolism in the high-IMF line related to its increased IMF content. Additionally, changes in metabolites derived from microbial activity supported its relevant role in the lipid deposition. Future research will focus on the analysis of the metabolomic profile of the cecum content, and on the integration of the several -omics datasets available for these lines, to help disentangle the host and microbiome biological mechanisms involved in the IMF deposition.
Using surface plasmon resonance, capillary electrophoresis and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy to study drug release kinetics
Authors: Libánská Alena , Špringer Tomáš , Peštová Lucie , Kotalík Kevin , Konefał Rafał , Šimonová Alice , Křížek Tomáš , Homola Jiří , Randárová Eva , Etrych Tomáš
Published: August 2023

Nanomedicines, including polymer nanocarriers with controlled drug release, are considered next-generation therapeutics with advanced therapeutic properties and reduced side effects. To develop safe and efficient nanomedicines, it is crucial to precisely determine the drug release kinetics. Herein, we present application of analytical methods, i.e., surface plasmon resonance biosensor technology (SPR), capillary electrophoresis, and 1H diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which were innovatively applied for drug release determination. The methods were optimised to quantify the pH-triggered release of three structurally different drugs from a polymer carrier. The suitability of these methods for drug release characterisation was evaluated and compared using several parameters including applicability for diverse samples, the biological relevance of the experimental setup, method complexity, and the analysis outcome. The SPR method was the most universal method for the evaluation of diverse drug molecule release allowing continuous observation in the flow-through setting and requiring a small amount of sample.
The integrity of dopaminergic and noradrenergic brain regions is associated with different aspects of late-life memory performance
Authors: Dahl Martin J. , Bachman Shelby L. , Dutt Shubir , Düzel Sandra , Bodammer Nils C. , Lindenberger Ulman , Kühn Simone , Werkle-Bergner Markus , Mather Mara
Published: August 2023

Changes in dopaminergic neuromodulation play a key role in adult memory decline. Recent research has also implicated noradrenaline in shaping late-life memory. However, it is unclear whether these two neuromodulators have distinct roles in age-related cognitive changes. Here, combining longitudinal MRI of the dopaminergic substantia nigra–ventral tegmental area (SN-VTA) and noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) in younger (n = 69) and older (n = 251) adults, we found that dopaminergic and noradrenergic integrity are differentially associated with memory performance. While LC integrity was related to better episodic memory across several tasks, SN-VTA integrity was linked to working memory. Longitudinally, we found that older age was associated with more negative change in SN-VTA and LC integrity. Notably, changes in LC integrity reliably predicted future episodic memory. These differential associations of dopaminergic and noradrenergic nuclei with late-life cognitive decline have potential clinical utility, given their degeneration in several age-associated diseases.
Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host cells and antibodies: experiment and simulation
Authors: Nguyen Hung , Nguyen Hoang Linh , Lan Pham Dang , Thai Nguyen Quoc , Sikora Mateusz , Li Mai Suan
Published: August 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the devastating global COVID-19 pandemic announced by WHO in March 2020.
A light-mediated covalently patterned graphene substrate for graphene-enhanced Raman scattering (GERS)
Authors: Feng Guilin , Suzuki Nozomu , Zhang Qiang , Li Jiangtao , Inose Tomoko , Taemaitree Farsai , K. M. Muhammed Shameem , Toyouchi Shuichi , Fujita Yasuhiko , Hirai Kenji , Uji-i Hiroshi
Published: August 2023

We report covalently patterned graphene with acetic acid as a new potential candidate for graphene-enhanced Raman scattering (GERS) substrate.
Highly selective α-hydrogermylation of alkynes catalyzed by an in situ generated bulky NHC–cobalt complex
Authors: Bołt Małgorzata , Mermela Aleksandra , Żak Patrycja
Published: August 2023

A new catalytic system, based on an octacarbonyl dicobalt(0) complex and bulky NHC ligand, providing a route to α-vinylgermanes is described.
A theoretical study based on coherent perfect absorption and polarization separation in one-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals
Authors: Wu Fu Pei , Zhang Jia Tao , Zhang Hai Feng
Published: August 2023

This article presents a study on tunable narrowband coherent perfect absorption (CPA), which can be altered by adjusting the initial phase to the ranges of 1.03α–1.13α (with α = 2πc/d) and 1.29α–1.43α.
Sepiolite as a novel polysulfide trapper for energy applications: an electrochemical, X-ray spectroscopic and DFT study
Authors: García-Soriano Francisco Javier , Ceppi Sergio Andrés , Cometto Fernando Pablo , Primo Emiliano Nicolás , Barraco Daniel Eugenio , Leiva Ezequiel Pedro Marcos , Luque Guillermina Leticia , Stutz Guillermo , Lener German , Bracamonte María Victoria
Published: August 2023

Sepiolite, an eco-friendly clay additive, significantly enhances capacity retention in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries by mitigating the polysulfide shuttle effect through effective sulfur species interactions.
Cellulose nanocrystal/halloysite nanotube composite aerogels for water purification
Authors: Gao Huan , Soto Miguel A. , Li Zongzhe , Andrew Lucas J. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: August 2023

New aerogel sorbents that effectively remove dyes from water are created by mixing halloysite nanotubes and cellulose nanocrystals. These environmentally friendly and cost-effective materials may be useful for the remediation of water.
Structural and electrochemical insights into novel Wadsley Roth Nb7Ti1.5Mo1.5O25 and Ta7Ti1.5Mo1.5O25 anodes for Li-ion battery application
Authors: Green A. J. , Driscoll E. H. , Lakhdar Y. , Kendrick E. , Slater P. R.
Published: August 2023

Two new niobium based Wadsley Roth anodes are reported and characterised for potential application in high-power lithium-ion batteries.
Synthesis of α-cyanato-α′-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides in water
Authors: Zhang Qingyao , Luo Cankun , Lai Ruizhi , Lin Zhiqian , Jia Pengfei , Xu Shuran , Guo Li , Wu Yong
Published: August 2023

A new catalyst-, metal- and additive-free green strategy to synthesize bis-substituted sulfoxonium ylides is reported, which has good compatibility with various substituents and generally excellent yields.