bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características morfológicas y producción de aloína de plantas poliploides de Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F. (Asphodelaceae)
Authors: Molero Paredes Tamara , Viloria Maribel
Published: December 2020

Viloria2RESUMENAloe vera es una especie medicinal que ha alcanzado gran demanda por las propiedades de sus metabolitos secundarios, como la aloína. Sin embargo, la lenta tasa de crecimientode la plantay la baja cantidad de este metabolitoen su biomasa ha hecho necesariala búsqueda de estrategias que mejoren la calidad de la planta. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las características morfológicas y el contenido de aloína invitrode plantaspoliploidizadas de A. vera provenientes de siete poblaciones de Venezuela. Los valores de longitud y ancho foliar, así como elnúmero de hojas, peso seco, concentración y producción de aloína fueron mayores en las plantas poliploides de todas las poblaciones en comparación a los controles diploides. De igual manera,se encontraron diferencias altamente significativas entre las poblaciones poliploides. Las plantas de la localidad deCarazao manifestaron los mayores valores promedio de concentración (7,69 %) y producción de aloína (0,169 gpor 100 gde peso seco) como respuesta ala duplicación cromosómica artificial.La explotación de estos nuevos genotipos podría mejorar el cultivo de la sábila a nivel comercial e industrial, a la vez que los nuevos conocimientos destacan el potencial de la poliploidía inducida como un medio rápido para mejorar características morfológicas y la producción de metabolitos secundarios en cultivos.
Evaluación del nivel de degradación del suelo en dos sistemas productivos en la depresión de Quíbor. I. Análisis multivariado
Authors: Acevedo Ingrid , Sánchez Aymara , Mendoza Betty
Published: December 2020

En la zona hortícola de Quíbor, estado Lara, Venezuela, se ha aplicado como sistema de manejo convencional el cultivo de cebolla con riego por surcos, aunque actualmente se están implementando cambios en la producción hortícola como es el paso hacia el sistema convencional del cultivo de maíz súper dulceque pueden repercutir enel suelo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el nivel de degradación que pudiera existir en el suelo delos dos sistemas productivos utilizando análisis multivariado.Se aplicó un experimento de parcelas grandes mediante muestreos en cuadrícula 10 x10 en lossuelosbajo el sistema convencional-maíz súper dulcey convencional-cebolla. En cada punto de muestreo se tomaron nuestras de suelo en tres estratos (0-5, 5-18 y 18-50 cm de profundidad) y se determinaron los siguientes atributos:químicos(pH, CE, contenido de macronutrientes, CIC y nitrógeno total; físicos (textura, distribución de tamaño de partícula, densidad aparente, porosidad total, macro y microporosidad, conductividad hidráulica saturada y estabilidad de los agregados);y biológicos (respiración basal, biomasa microbiana, coeficiente metabólico y la relación carbono microbiano-carbono orgánico). Elanálisis de componentes principales permitió definir los atributos químicos, físicos, químicos y biológicos que mejor reflejaronlascondiciones de degradación en cada suelo. Se encontraron condiciones importantes de degradación en ambos sueloslas cuales están relacionadas con lascaracterísticas intrínsecas y de manejoen cada sistema productivo.
Karakterisasi dan Identifikasi Orthetrum sabina (Odonata: Lebullidae) di Lapangan Rusunawa Jerakah Purwoyoso Semarang
Authors: Atourrohman Muhammad , Ulfah Malia , Septiani Melin , Silmi Fina Idamatus , Utami Ria Tri , Malimah Siti Faza , Rahmawati Sinta Dewi , Ananto Afrizal Dwi , Dewi Bita Afriyati , Setyawati Siti Mukhlisoh
Published: December 2020

Dragonfly or odonata is one of the biodiversity in Indonesia. Dragonfly act as bioindicator of aquatic ecosystem and predator for mosquitoes. Dragonfly habitat is usually in a watery place such as a river. This study purpose to identify and characteristic dragonflies in the Rusunawa field. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research, which aims to determine the morphology of dragonflies with Orthetrum sabina type and to know the environmental factors that affect dragonfly breeding. The method used in this study is roaming, by searching for dragonflies in the Rusunawa field Jerakah. The dragonfly population found in the Jerakah field is mostly one of which is Orthetrum sabina which has a dark green thoracic characteristic with black lines on the lateral side and black legs. The abdomen is slim in black and white, the embellant is white and has transparent wings. The number of dragonflies is influenced by several factors, namely temperature, climate, air humidity, water ph and insecticide use.
Gatekeepers in Agricultural Extension Research: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Masambuka-Kanchewa Fallys , Lamm Kevan , Lamm Alexa
Published: December 2020

Social science research plays an important role in transforming agriculture as it provides an invaluable source of information for policy formulation and implementation. Social scientists collecting data in rural communities, where the majority of agricultural production occurs, around the globe frequently pass through a layer of gatekeepers to access research communities and subjects. Gatekeepers serve a critical role in access to subjects but their influence on the research process in many countries and contexts has not been examined thoroughly. The findings of this phenomenology study, conducted in four Sub-Saharan Africa countries, indicated gatekeepers provide invaluable access to individuals and perspectives that may otherwise be inaccessible. However, the findings indicated gatekeepers may also have a vested interests in the research being conducted. Among others, gatekeepers may introduce selection bias to the research process. Therefore, it is important for social scientists working in countries where gatekeepers are involved in the research process to understand the limitations gatekeepers introduce when conducting social science research. Having such knowledge is necessary when interpreting research results and will help researchers be cognizant of the power dynamics that may exist between gatekeepers and those they represent as well as implications on the research process.

Keywords: Gatekeepers, social science research, objectivity, power structures, extension, access, research subjects
Measurement report: Molecular composition and volatility of
gaseous organic compounds in a boreal forest: from volatile
organic compounds to highly oxygenated organic molecules
Authors: Huang Wei , Li Haiyan , Sarnela Nina , Heikkinen Liine , Tham Yee Jun , Mikkilä Jyri , Thomas Steven J. , Donahue Neil M. , Kulmala Markku , Bianchi Federico
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The molecular composition and volatility of gaseous organic compounds were investigated during April–July 2019 at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem – Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) II situated in a boreal forest in Hyytiälä, southern Finland. A Vocus proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Vocus PTR-ToF; hereafter Vocus) was deployed to measure volatile organic compounds (VOC) and less oxygenated VOC (i.e., OVOC). In addition, a multi-scheme chemical ionization inlet coupled to an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MION APi-ToF) was used to detect less oxygenated VOC (using Br− as the reagent ion; hereafter MION-Br) and more oxygenated VOC (including highly oxygenated organic molecules, HOM; using NO3− as the reagent ion; hereafter MION-NO3). The comparison among different measurement techniques revealed that the highest elemental oxygen-to-carbon ratios (O : C) of organic compounds were observed by the MION-NO3 (0.9 ± 0.1, average ± 1 standard deviation), followed by the MION-Br (0.8 ± 0.1); and lowest by Vocus (0.2 ± 0.1). Diurnal patterns of the measured organic compounds were found to vary among different measurement techniques, even for compounds with the same molecular formula, suggesting contributions of different isomers detected by the different techniques and/or fragmentation from different parent compounds inside the instruments. Based on the complementary molecular information obtained from Vocus, MION-Br, and MION-NO3, a more complete picture of the bulk volatility of all measured organic compounds in this boreal forest was obtained. As expected, the VOC class was the most abundant (about 49.4 %), followed by intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOC, about 48.9 %). Although condensable organic compounds (low-volatility organic compounds, LVOC; extremely low-volatility organic compounds, ELVOC; and ultralow-volatility organic compounds, ULVOC) only comprised about 0.3 % of the total gaseous organic compounds, they play an important role in new particle formation as shown in previous studies in this boreal forest. Our study shows the full characterization of the gaseous organic compounds in the boreal forest and the advantages of combining Vocus and MION APi-ToF for measuring ambient organic compounds with different oxidation extent (from VOC to HOM). The results therefore provide a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular composition and volatility of atmospheric organic compounds as well as new insights in interpreting ambient measurements or testing/improving parameterizations in transport and climate models.
SPIN modification for low-temperature experiments
Authors: Welti André , Korhonen Kimmo , Miettinen Pasi , Piedehierro Ana A. , Viisanen Yrjö , Virtanen Annele , Laaksonen Ari
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) has been modified to access ice nucleation at low temperatures. The modification consists of a reconfiguration of components from SPIN's cooling system to provide refrigerant with a low boiling point to the chamber. We describe the setup modification and determine the temperature and humidity range accessible to experiments. The modification extends the measurement range of SPIN to 208 K, which enables measurements in the temperature regime relevant for ice formation in cirrus clouds. This addition of low-temperature capability allows for far more comprehensive measurements of the temperature- and humidity-dependent ice nucleation of test substances, to investigate fundamentals of ice nucleation mechanisms. We present exemplary data of heterogeneous ice nucleation on silver iodide and homogeneous ice nucleation in solution droplets to demonstrate the usefulness of the modified SPIN setup for precision measurements to detect discrepancies between experiments and widely used theories.
Can machine learning correct microwave humidity radiances for the
influence of clouds?
Authors: Kaur Inderpreet , Eriksson Patrick , Pfreundschuh Simon , Duncan David Ian
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A methodology based on quantile regression neural networks (QRNN) is presented that identifies and corrects the cloud impact on microwave humidity sounder radiances at 183 GHz. This approach estimates the posterior distributions of noise free clear-sky (NFCS) radiances, providing nearly bias-free estimates of clear-sky radiances with a full posterior error distribution. It is first demonstrated by application to a present sensor, the MicroWave Humidity Sounder-2 (MWHS-2), then the applicability to sub-millimeter (sub-mm) sensors is also analysed. The QRNN results improve upon what operational cloud filtering techniques like a scattering index can achieve, but are ultimately imperfect due to limited information content on cirrus impact from traditional microwave channels – the negative departures associated with high cloud impact are successfully corrected, but thin cirrus clouds cannot be fully corrected. In contrast, when sub-mm observations are used, QRNN successfully corrects most cases with cloud impact, with only 2–6 % of the cases left partially corrected. The methodology works well even if only one sub-mm channel (325 GHz) is available. When using sub-mm observations, cloud correction usually results in error distributions with standard deviation less than typical channel noise values. Furthermore, QRNN outputs predicted quantiles for case-specific uncertainty estimates, successfully representing the uncertainty of cloud correction for each observation individually. In comparison to deterministic correction or filtering approaches, the corrected radiances and attendant uncertainty estimates have great potential to be used efficiently in assimilation systems due to being largely unbiased and adding little further uncertainty to the measurements.
The suspended small-particle layer in the oxygen-poor Black Sea: a proxy for delineating the effective N2-yielding section
Authors: Rasse Rafael , Claustre Hervé , Poteau Antoine
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The shallower oxygen-poor water masses of the ocean confine a majority of the microbial communities that can produce up to 90 % of
oceanic N2. This effective N2-yielding section encloses a
suspended small-particle layer, inferred from particle backscattering
(bbp) measurements. It is thus hypothesized that this layer (hereafter,
the bbp-layer) is linked to microbial communities involved in
N2 yielding such as nitrate-reducing SAR11 as well as sulfur-oxidizing, anammox, and denitrifying bacteria – a hypothesis yet to be evaluated. Here, data collected by three BGC-Argo floats deployed in the Black Sea are used to investigate the origin of this bbp-layer. To this end,
we evaluate how the key drivers of N2-yielding bacteria dynamics impact
the vertical distribution of bbp and the thickness of the bbp-layer. In conjunction with published data on N2 excess, our results
suggest that the bbp-layer is at least partially composed of the bacteria
driving N2 yielding for three main reasons: (1) strong correlations are
recorded between bbp and nitrate; (2) the top location of the
bbp-layer is driven by the ventilation of oxygen-rich subsurface waters, while
its thickness is modulated by the amount of nitrate available to produce
N2; and (3) the maxima of both bbp and N2 excess coincide at the same isopycnals where bacteria involved in N2 yielding coexist. We thus
advance that bbp and O2 can be exploited as a combined proxy to
delineate the N2-yielding section of the Black Sea. This proxy can
potentially contribute to refining delineation of the effective
N2-yielding section of oxygen-deficient zones via data from the growing
BGC-Argo float network.
Holocene vegetation dynamics in response to climate change and hydrological processes in the Bohai region
Authors: Jinxia Chen , Xuefa Shi , Yanguang Liu , Shuqing Qiao , Shixiong Yang , Shijuan Yan , Huahua Lv , Jianyong Li , Xiaoyan Li , Chaoxin Li
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Coastal vegetation both mitigates the damage inflicted by marine disasters
on coastal areas and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle
(i.e., blue carbon). Nevertheless, detailed records of changes in coastal
vegetation composition and diversity in the Holocene, coupled with climate
change and river evolution, remain unclear. To explore vegetation dynamics
and their influencing factors on the coastal area of the Bohai Sea (BS)
during the Holocene, we present high-resolution pollen and sediment grain
size data obtained from a sediment core of the BS. The results reveal that
two rapid and abrupt changes in salt marsh vegetation are linked with the
river system changes. Within each event, a recurring pattern – starting with a decline in Cyperaceae, followed by an increase in Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae – suggests a successional process that is determined by the close relationship between Yellow River (YR) channel shifts and the wetland community dynamics. The phreatophyte Cyperaceae at the base of each sequence indicate lower saline conditions. Unchannelized river flow characterized the onset of the YR channel shift, caused a huge river-derived sediment accumulation in the floodplain and destroyed the sedges in the coastal depression. Along with the formation of a new channel, lateral migration of the lower channel stopped, and a new intertidal mudflat was formed. Pioneer species (Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia) were the first to colonize the bare zones of the
lower and middle marsh areas. In addition, the pollen results revealed that
the vegetation of the BS land area was dominated by broadleaved forests
during the Early Holocene (8500–6500 BP) and by conifer and broadleaved
forests in the Middle Holocene (6500–3500 BP), which was followed by an
expansion of broadleaved trees (after 3500 BP). The pollen record
indicated that a warmer Early and Late Holocene and colder Middle Holocene
were consistent with previously reported temperature records for East Asia.
The main driving factors of temperature variation in this region are
insolation, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and greenhouse gases
forcing.
Meteorological observations in tall masts for the mapping of atmospheric flow in Norwegian fjords
Authors: Furevik Birgitte Rugaard , Ágústsson Hálfdán , Borg Anette Lauen , Midjiyawa Zakari , Nyhammer Finn , Gausen Magne
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Since 2014, 11 tall meteorological masts have been erected in
coastal areas of mid-Norway in order to provide observational data for a
detailed description of the wind conditions at several potential fjord
crossing sites. The planned fjord crossings are part of the Norwegian Public
Roads Administration (NPRA) Coastal Highway E39 project. The meteorological
masts are 50–100 m high and located in complex terrain near the shoreline
in Halsafjorden, Julsundet and Storfjorden in the Møre og Romsdal county
of Norway. Observations of the three-dimensional wind vector are made at 2–4
levels of each mast with a temporal frequency of 10 Hz. The dataset is
corroborated with observed profiles of temperature at two masts, as well as
observations of precipitation, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and
dew point at one site. The first masts were erected in 2014, and the
measurement campaign will continue until at least 2024. The current paper
describes the observational setup, and observations of key atmospheric
parameters are presented and put in context with observations and
climatological data from a nearby reference weather station. The 10 min
and 10 Hz wind data, as well as other meteorological parameters, are publicly
available through the Arctic Data Centre (https://doi.org/10.21343/z9n1-qw63; Furevik et
al., 2019).
Creative practice as a tool to build resilience to natural hazards in the Global South
Authors: Van Loon Anne F. , Lester-Moseley Imogen , Rohse Melanie , Jones Phil , Day Rosie
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Global South communities are increasingly exposed and vulnerable to natural hazards such as floods and droughts. Preparing for future hazards requires developing an idea of an uncertain future, thinking out of the box for possible solutions, enhancing communication between diverse groups, and instigating organisational and behavioural change. In this study, we explore whether art and creativity could support this process by presenting the results of a literature-mapping exercise and a case study. Our search for journal articles, focusing on Global South communities and topics like environmental issues, hazards, and health, yielded 267 papers published between 2000 and 2018. These used a diversity of art forms, including photography and other forms of visual art, music and song, and drama and storytelling. We found that papers on the topic of climate change generally had lower co-creation (62 % medium to high) than those on health (90 % medium to high).
A subset of seven papers focusing on drought and flooding fell into the following two categories: those aiming to raise the general public's awareness of these hazards and those aiming to instigate adaptation action by the participants. In our case study, we explored the middle ground between these categories. In a pilot project in South Africa, we designed storytelling workshops in which community members explored scientific data on future droughts, exchanged ideas between groups, and developed narratives about the impacts of and preparedness for future drought. These narratives were filmed and edited and shared both with the community and with governance actors. We found that this approach allowed participants to imagine future droughts, opened up conversations about potential adaptation measures, encouraged intergenerational exchange, and increased awareness of local issues for policy makers. Both in the wider literature and in our case study, the long-term effects of creative interventions are rarely evaluated. Feedback from participants, however, indicates a number of short-term benefits, which shows the potential of combining creative practice approaches and more conventional approaches into a more holistic preparation for future natural hazards.
Celebrating 25 years of seismology at schools in France
Authors: Berenguer Jean-Luc , Balestra Julien , Jouffray Fabrice , Mourau Fabrice , Courboulex Françoise , Virieux Jean
Published: December 2020

Abstract. An educational program focusing on seismological activities for school and
university students that trains in observational sciences and raises
citizen awareness of natural hazards has been active in France since 1995.
Over this quarter century, different generations of students have learned
various lessons concerning instrument installation, data recording, and
analysis. These actions have led them into the field of scientific
interrogation and interpretation, making them better prepared for our modern technological societies. We describe these student commitments that have been motivated by the installation of the first educational broadband seismometer in southern France. Analysis of regional earthquakes has generated a greater awareness of the seismic hazards where students live, while records of strong earthquakes all around the world have led to interaction between students, especially after the deployment of additional seismometers in schools. The natural extension of such an educational seismic network, first at the national level in France in 2006 and later in many countries through various collaborations, has enriched the pedagogical practices of teachers, increasing their skills in seismology and natural sciences among various other disciplines and complementing standard educational resources. We describe the necessary and sustainable relations between teachers and researchers over time. Combining students' motivation, teachers' experience and researchers' expertise has led to different hosting structures over the years. We conclude by presenting the feedback from a survey carried out in 2019 among all the teachers involved, highlighting the strong and weak points of such a long-term adventure. Recent integration into the official syllabus of the new Geosciences high school curricula in France illustrates the impact of such an exceptional experience.
Assessing the value of seasonal hydrological forecasts for improving water resource management: insights from a pilot application in the UK
Authors: Peñuela Andres , Hutton Christopher , Pianosi Francesca
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Improved skill of long-range weather forecasts has
motivated an increasing effort towards developing seasonal hydrological
forecasting systems across Europe. Among other purposes, such forecasting
systems are expected to support better water management decisions. In this
paper we evaluate the potential use of a real-time optimization system
(RTOS) informed by seasonal forecasts in a water supply system in the UK.
For this purpose, we simulate the performances of the RTOS fed by ECMWF
seasonal forecasting systems (SEAS5) over the past 10 years, and we compare
them to a benchmark operation that mimics the common practices for reservoir
operation in the UK. We also attempt to link the improvement of system
performances, i.e. the forecast value, to the forecast skill (measured by
the mean error and the continuous ranked probability skill score) as well as
to the bias correction of the meteorological forcing, the decision maker
priorities, the hydrological conditions and the forecast ensemble size. We find
that in particular the decision maker priorities and the hydrological
conditions exert a strong influence on the forecast skill–value
relationship. For the (realistic) scenario where the decision maker
prioritizes the water resource availability over energy cost reductions, we
identify clear operational benefits from using seasonal forecasts, provided
that forecast uncertainty is explicitly considered by optimizing against an
ensemble of 25 equiprobable forecasts. These operational benefits are also
observed when the ensemble size is reduced up to a certain limit. However,
when comparing the use of ECMWF-SEAS5 products to ensemble streamflow
prediction (ESP), which is more easily derived from historical weather
data, we find that ESP remains a hard-to-beat reference, not only in terms of
skill but also in terms of value.
Key challenges facing the application of the conductivity mass balance method: a case study of the Mississippi River basin
Authors: Lyu Hang , Xia Chenxi , Zhang Jinghan , Li Bo
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The conductivity mass balance (CMB) method has a long history of application to baseflow separation studies. The CMB method uses site-specific and widely available discharge and specific conductance data.
However, certain aspects of the method remain unstandardized, including the
determination of the applicability of this method for a specific area,
minimum data requirements for baseflow separation and the most accurate
parameter calculation method. This study collected and analyzed stream
discharge and water conductivity data for over 200 stream sites at large
spatial (2.77 to 2 915 834 km2 watersheds) and temporal (up to 56 years) scales in the Mississippi River basin. The suitability criteria and key factors influencing the applicability of the CMB method were identified based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of the inverse correlation coefficient between stream discharge and conductivity and the rationality of baseflow separation results. Sensitivity analysis, uncertainty assessment and T test were used to identify the parameter the method was most sensitive to, and the uncertainties of baseflow separation results obtained from different parameter determination methods and various sampling durations were compared. The results indicated that the inverse correlation coefficient between discharge and conductivity can be used to quantitatively determine the applicability of the CMB method, while the CMB method is more applicable in tributaries, headwater reaches, high altitudes and regions with little influence from anthropogenic activities. A minimum of 6-month discharge and conductivity data was found to provide reliable parameters for the CMB method with acceptable errors, and it is recommended that the parameters SCRO and SCBF be determined by the 1st percentile and dynamic 99th percentile methods, respectively. The results of this study can provide an important basis for the standardized treatment of key problems in the application of the CMB.
Remote monitoring of seismic swarms and the August 2016 seismic crisis of Brava, Cabo Verde, using array methods
Authors: Leva Carola , Rümpker Georg , Wölbern Ingo
Published: December 2020

Abstract. During the first two days of August 2016 a seismic crisis occurred
on Brava, Cabo Verde, which – according to observations based on a local
seismic network – was characterized by more than a thousand volcano-seismic
signals. Brava is considered an active volcanic island, although it has not
experienced any historic eruptions. Seismicity significantly exceeded the
usual level during the crisis. We report on results based on data from a
temporary seismic-array deployment on the neighbouring island of Fogo at a
distance of about 35 km. The array was in operation from October 2015 to
December 2016 and recorded a total of 1343 earthquakes in the region of Fogo
and Brava; 355 thereof were localized. On 1 and 2 August we observed 54
earthquakes, 25 of which could be located beneath Brava. We further evaluate
the observations with regards to possible precursors to the crisis and its
continuation. Our analysis shows a significant variation in seismicity
around Brava, but no distinct precursory pattern. However, the observations
suggest that similar earthquake swarms commonly occur close to Brava. The
results further confirm the advantages of seismic arrays as tools for the
remote monitoring of regions with limited station coverage or access.
Scoring Antarctic surface mass balance in climate models to refine future projections
Authors: Gorte Tessa , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Medley Brooke
Published: December 2020

Abstract. An increase in Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) surface mass balance (SMB) has the potential to mitigate future sea level rise that is driven by enhanced solid ice discharge from the ice sheet. For climate models, AIS SMB provides a difficult challenge, as it is highly susceptible to spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability. Here we use a reconstructed data set of AIS snow accumulation as “true” observational data, to evaluate the ability of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 suites of models in capturing the mean, trends, temporal variability, and spatial variability in SMB over the historical period (1850–2000). This gives insight into which models are most reliable for predicting SMB into the future. We found that the best scoring models included the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) GISS model and the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Meteorology's model for CMIP5, as well as one of the Community Earth System Model v2 (CESM2) models and one MPI model for CMIP6. Using a scoring system based on SMB mean value, trend, and temporal variability across the AIS, as well as spatial SMB variability, we selected a subset of the top 10th percentile of models to refine 21st century (2000–2100) AIS-integrated SMB projections to 2274 ± 282 Gt yr−1, 2358 ± 286 Gt yr−1, and 2495 ± 291 Gt yr−1 for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. We also reduced the spread in AIS-integrated mean SMB by 79 %, 79 %, and 74 % in RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. Notably, we find that there is no improvement from CMIP5 to CMIP6 in overall score. In fact, CMIP6 performed slightly worse on average compared to CMIP5 at capturing the aforementioned SMB criteria. Our results also indicate that model performance scoring is affected by internal climate variability (particularly the spatial variability), which is illustrated by the fact that the range in overall score between ensemble members within the CESM1 Large Ensemble is comparable to the range in overall score between CESM1 model simulations within the CMIP5 model suite. We also find that a higher horizontal resolution does not yield to a conclusive improvement in score.
Investigating the impact of electronic health record on healthcare professionals
Authors: Mohammed Amira , Mehrez Ahmed , Aladel Lamia
Published: December 2020

Although there is a significant influence of implementing the electronic health records (EHR) system in Qatar, there are very limited studies reviewed and analyzed the influence of implementing the EHR system on healthcare professionals in Qatar. This research aims to assess, summarize, and analyze the influence of the EHR system in healthcare settings in Qatar. The outcome of assessing the implementation of the EHR system may have advantages and disadvantages, which can impact healthcare professionals in healthcare settings in Qatar. The main objective is to evaluate EHR on healthcare professionals in healthcare. A total number of 210 participants were selected randomly from three private hospitals in Qatar. A validated survey distributed to physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and dietitians who work in these healthcare hospitals in Qatar. The purpose is to identify whether the outcome of using the EHR system improved healthcare professionals’ work after it has shifted from using files and hand-writing paperwork to the EHR system. By applying online survey, results indicate that most healthcare professionals positively perceive the use of the EHR system as a valuable system.
Friendship in Philemon
Authors: Wallace David
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes Paul’s letter to Philemon through the lens of friendship rhetoric—based on Aristotle’s prescriptions in books 8 and 9 of Nicomachean Ethics—while paying close attention to the letter’s literary structure in order to sift through possible interpretive applications that inform the meaning of the letter. Paul invokes brotherly κοινωνία and expresses mutual beneficence in a manner that acknowledges God’s redemptive work and gives Philemon an opportunity to act willingly out of goodwill. What Paul receives from Philemon—joy, encouragement, and refreshment—as a result of Philemon’s “heart” for believers, Paul reciprocates with his “heart.” Paul does not write based on need or for personal gain but with an attitude of humility with the purpose of unifying brothers who are coworkers in the gospel.
Fondo Metropolitano: distribución y aplicación en México
Authors: Rosiles Javier
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo da cuenta de la manera en que se distribuye el Fondo Metropolitano, el instrumento de política pública más importante en México en materia metropolitana. Se recopilaron datos abiertos, de los cuales se hace un análisis descriptivo para determinar su distribución territorial y una clasificación para identificar el tipo de proyectos en los que se gastan los recursos. Se estudian tres ejercicios fiscales: 2014-2016, el periodo en el que más dinero se le ha destinado a este Fondo. Entre los resultados destaca una gran concentración territorial de los recursos y el gasto mayoritario en obras viales.
Temperature-Controlled Ore Evolution in Orogenic Gold Systems Related to Synchronous Granitic Magmatism: An Example from the Iron Quadrangle Province, Brazil
Authors: Fabricio-Silva Wendell , Frimmel Hartwig E. , Emília Shutesky Maria , Rosière Carlos A. , Massucatto Armando J.
Published: December 2020

Against the background of an ongoing debate on the genetic relationship between orogenic gold and granitic magmatism, we studied the evolution of a gold-mineralizing system in shear zone-hosted veins that are spatially associated with a syn- to late tectonic 2.69 Ga granite at the Satinoco deposit in the Archean Pitangui greenstone belt (Iron Quadrangle, Brazil). Detailed underground mine mapping, petrography, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and elemental mapping of sulfide grains revealed a complex polyphase history, with at least three gold-bearing stages: (1) A syntectonic arsenopyrite (Apy1)-löllingite-pyrrhotite assemblage I that formed during prograde metamorphism from ca. 475° to 650°C at 3 to 4 kbars; (2) further fluid circulation during syn- to late tectonic retrograde metamorphism from ca. 510° to 445°C, which led to a pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite (Apy2) ± löllingite ± galena assemblage II; and (3) a pyrite-pyrrhotite-galena ± chalcopyrite ± sphalerite ± ullmannite assemblage III formed during a later post-tectonic brittle deformation event from ca. 350° to 300°C at 1 to 2 kbars. Ascending granitic magma acted as a heat engine for peak metamorphic temperatures locally, that is at the immediate contact, reaching as much as 730°C and, together with the dehydration of mafic and ultramafic host rocks, generated the sulfide assemblage I. Crosscutting field relationships, together with existing S isotope data, indicate a metamorphic origin for all the sulfide stages with a contribution from granite-derived magmatogenic fluids to the mineralizing system at stage II. New X-ray element maps together with LA-ICP-MS spot analyses document oscillatory zoning of As, Fe, and Ni in Apy1 and enrichment in Ni, Mn, Zn, and V. The large amount of pyrrhotite in assemblage II is explained by granite-related Fe metasomatism. This stage led to an enrichment in Co, Sb, and Pb and the redistribution of Au. Assemblage III involved the formation of pyrite veins and precipitation of free gold and Pb-Sb-Cu-Zn sulfides in microfractures of this pyrite. This stage was likely responsible for the remobilization of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Bi-Te minerals. Based on existing geochronological data, at least most of the gold formed between ~2.72 and 2.68 Ga. This study revealed that gold mineralization took place over a wide range of temperatures—a finding that might be not only specific to the Satinoco deposit but possibly to other orogenic-type gold deposits elsewhere as well.
Assessment of Patient Safety Culture among Healthcare Providers
Authors: Alrahbi Hilal H. , Al-Toqi Shamsa K. , Sony Sajini , Al-Abri Nuha
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE: Patient safety is an important element in ensuring quality of patient care and accreditation. This study aimed to assess the perception of patient safety culture among the healthcare providers; assess the areas of strength and improvement related to patient safety culture; and assess the relationship between patient safety culture and demographic variables of the sample.

METHOD: Descriptive correlational design was employed in this study. Data was collected using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC). A stratified random sample of 158 healthcare providers from the Diwan of Royal Court Health Complex in Muscat participated in this study.

RESULTS: The findings of this study indicated that most of the participants responded positively to the HSPSC items. The average percentage of positive responses was 56.4%. The major areas of strength were “teamwork within department,” “feedback and communication about errors,” and “organizational learning-continuous improvement” (83%, 77%, & 75%; respectively). The major areas of improvement were “frequency of events reported,” “teamwork across departments,” “non-punitive response to errors” and “overall perception of PS” (34%, 42%, 45% & 47%; respectively). Significant differences found were across “patient contact” characteristic [t (156) = 2.142, p = .034]; across “work specializations” [F (3, 154) = 2.84, p = .04]; and across “years of experience at the institution” [F (4, 153) = 4.86, p = .004].

CONCLUSION: A culture that is safe for healthcare providers to work is paramount to minimize adverse events and save patients’ lives. The findings of this study provide a foundation for further interventions to improve patient safety culture. 
Effects of Integrating Literary Texts in Enhancing the Quality of Academic Writing of University Students in Bahrain
Authors: Fakhroo Fatima Talal , Bulaila Abdulaziz Mohammad
Published: December 2020

The research explored the effects of integrating literary texts on the writing performance of selected university students. It also documented the attitudes of the university students on the integration of literary texts in their regular writing course and their perceptions on the difficulties they encounter in the writing process. These research objectives were rationalized by the need to address the writing difficulties by applying theoretical assumptions and addressing the empirical gaps of previous studies on the effectiveness of literature as a rich resource in developing language competence. The research participants were composed of first year business students who were enrolled in an ESP course in one of the universities in Bahrain. Each group was composed of 35 students with an equal distribution of male and female participants. A mixed method approach was used to address the core research questions with the primary application of an experimental design. The results revealed that literary text integration is effective in improving the academic writing performance of the university student-participants as indicated by the statistical test, wherein the experimental group (m = 3.35) had a higher level of improvement than the control group (m = 2.93) in terms of their overall writing performance after the intervention. The student-respondents had a positive attitude towards the integration of literary text in their regular writing course. Writing difficulties included the process of writing the introduction, body, conclusions of their academic writing tasks, use of relevant vocabulary communicative achievement, organization, and language use. It was recommended that language teachers should incorporate literary texts that are related to the writing lessons. Educational administrators and leaders may revisit the curriculum and use the empirical results in developing a more relevant language curriculum especially in the area of writing instruction where literary texts could be integrated.
Literatura de no-ficción, animales y pandemia. El caso del libro “La vida de una vaca”
Authors: Meneses Juan Pablo
Published: December 2020

En el contexto de la actual pandemia del Covid-19, los medios de comunicación suelen bombardear con cifras de personas afectados por el virus, y esos números los acompañan con la identidad y las historias íntimas de algunos enfermos o fallecidos. Sin embargo, al analizar a los animales no humanos en torno a la pandemia, se sigue haciendo únicamente un enfoque general (a veces, sin siquiera distinguir especies). Si bien la literatura de no ficción se caracteriza por ponerle identidad y rostro a algunos fenómenos generales, prácticamente nunca le da identidad a los animales. El libro “La vida de una vaca” (primera edición en 2008 / última edición en 2020) es una de las pocas excepciones en que esto sí ocurre. El lector se enfrenta a un autor que compra una vaca en Argentina, le pone nombre, cuenta su vida en medios de comunicación de distintos países, y la sigue por varios años. La idea es usar este ejemplo para hablar de las nuevas formas narrativas de la no-ficción y de la cobertura mediática a los animales durante la pandemia.
Pandemia y huida de las aglomeraciones. La nueva demanda de alojamientos en entornos menos densos y en contacto con la vegetación y la fauna
Authors: Amenós Álamo Joan
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se examina el encaje jurídico de la demanda de aumento de zonas verdes y de contacto con la naturaleza tras la pandemia de COVID-19. En concreto, se examina esta cuestión tanto en las zonas urbanas ya consolidadas como en las de nuevo crecimiento y en las zonas rurales o bajo protección especial. Estamos ante un evidente rechazo de la idea de aglomeración y ante un incremento de la presión favorable a la construcción de viviendas en zonas rurales y boscosas. Por otra parte, la legislación deberá favorecer el aumento de los espacios verdes en los ámbitos urbanos. Esto podría implicar un reajuste en las relaciones del ser humano con otras especies vegetales y animales adaptadas a un entorno antrópico.
El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega y la “Guerra de los Encomenderos”: un conflicto de lealtades
Authors: Reyna Ivan R.
Published: December 2020

Este articulo trata de acercarse a los diferentes conflictos que están presentes en los Comentario Reales a través del concepto de la lealtad. Para dicho efecto, el ensayo busca analizar uno de los eventos más conflictivos narrados en los Comentarios Reales, la guerra de los encomenderos, ocurrida en el Perú entre 1544-1548, evento que claramente pone sobre el tapete, no solo las lealtades de los personajes históricos incluidos en dicho relato, sino las propias lealtades del Inca Garcilaso de la Vega.
Reseña de Fernando Cervantes, "Conquistadores". A new history
Authors: Hernández Bernat
Published: December 2020

Reseña de Fernando Cervantes, "Conquistadores". A new history.
Educação em direitos humanos em tempos de crise
Authors: Silva Linda Carter Souza da , Filho Luiz Gomes Da Silva
Published: December 2020

O estudo tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões acerca da Educação em Direitos Humanos considerando um contexto de crise permanente do Estado. A metodologia se assenta em uma abordagem qualitativa sendo uma pesquisa exploratória que tem por método o levantamento e análise de fontes bibliográficas. Os resultados alcançados evidenciam que tal crise dificulta o processo de tomada de decisões estendendo as dificuldades a setores como assistência social, moradia, saúde e educação. É nesse cenário, que se considera de fundamental importância educar para os direitos humanos. Essa proposta de educação, afirma a escola enquanto lugar de acesso, garantia e conhecimento sobre os direitos humanos, perspectivando assim, a luta por justiça social e dignidade humana.
Vida e circunstâncias, estágio supervisionado na Licenciatura em Matemática e isolamento social: constituindo alternativas
Authors: Costa Wanderleya Nara Gonçalves
Published: December 2020

A investigação, metodologicamente referenciada na pesquisa-ação, está vinculada ao conjunto de pesquisas voltadas para a formação inicial docente. Problematizando os processos que ocorrem nos estágios, o estudo questiona como as adaptações efetuadas durante o isolamento social podem contribuir para reconfigurar as práticas a serem constituídas na Licenciatura em Matemática. Inicialmente, o texto traça o panorama de exclusão digital sofrida por acadêmicos que moram em áreas rurais. Salienta que vários cursos de licenciatura têm apresentado dificuldades na adoção de estratégias para que a Educação Ambiental se realize e para que a Educação no Campo seja discutida. Finalmente, descreve e analisa um trabalho de extensão universitária realizado num assentamento rural do MST, no centro-oeste brasileiro. Então, conclui que atividades extensionistas que ocorram no estágio ou no cumprimento da Lei nº. 13.005/2014 podem constituir-se como estratégias para se garantir a necessária atenção à temas rotineiramente excluídos dos currículos das licenciaturas.
Reflexões sobre os efeitos da pandemia na aprendizagem digital
Authors: Nobre Ana , Mouraz Ana
Published: December 2020

No início da terceira década do século XXI,  mudanças significativas estão  a ocorrer nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Se a  necessidade de oferecer educação superior a mais   estudantes, e mais diversificados, vinha constituindo um desafio, imposto pela globalização e pela economia do conhecimento, a pandemia obrigou as IES a reequacionar a sua oferta digital. Embora o Ensino Superior use extensivamente o e-learning, o ensino on-line, o ensino a distância, ou alguma outra forma de educação tecnológica, importa refletir sobre os efeitos que tal uso trará à reconfiguração da aprendizagem digital, mesmo num período pós pandemia. É esse propósito que estrutura este texto. Parte-se da literatura recente sobre a aprendizagem digital e seus contornos para refletir sobre as possibilidades e dificuldades que a pandemia lhe trouxe.
Imaginário religioso e persistência: estudo dos ritos mortuários judeus à luz da Inquisição portuguesa nas minas setecentistas
Authors: Silva Rudney Avelino de Castro
Published: December 2020

Entre os séculos XVI e XVIII, a Inquisição portuguesa promoveu intensa perseguição àqueles que fossem descobertos cometendo desvios contra os costumes da Igreja, punições que eram aplicadas tanto aos que residiam no reino como os que se encontravam nas colônias. Porém, a maior parte dos processos do período da Inquisição é encontrada em arquivos da primeira metade do século XVIII; não coincidência, no auge da exploração aurífera das Minas Gerais. Este trabalho tem por intuito apresentar alguns resultados da análise documental (inventários, testamentos e processos inquisitoriais) de processados pelo Tribunal de Inquisição, com destaque para os acusados de judaísmo e que eram moradores da cidade de Sabará-MG. Os processos analisados mostraram a solicitação, por parte dos réus, de ritos mortuários que foram considerados práticas judaizantes e, por isso mesmo, veementemente reprimidas e combatidas. A principal solicitação dos réus, e que foi reincidente nos testamentos, foi o uso de mortalha. Ainda que o uso da mortalha tenha sido uma prática condenada pelos inquisidores, uma vez que comprovaria a ligação ao judaísmo, é no mínimo curioso quando percebemos que também pertenceu às tradições cristãs. Fazemos aqui uma reflexão do imaginário religioso revelado nessas tradições e buscamos compreender suas nuances, analisar as descontinuidades e permanências e explicar as transformações de sentido ao longo do tempo e responder o porquê de terem sido criminalizadas e perseguidas.