bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Danish Flexicurity: Rights and Duties
Authors: Kreiner Claus Thustrup , Svarer Michael
Published: November 2022

Denmark is one of the richest countries in the world and achieves this in combination with low inequality, low unemployment, and high-income security. This performance is often attributed to the Danish labor market model characterized by what has become known as flexicurity. This essay describes and evaluates Danish flexicurity. The Danish experience shows that flexicurity in itself, that is, flexible hiring and firing rules for firms combined with high income security for workers, is insufficient for successful outcomes. The flexicurity policy also needs to include comprehensive active labor market programs (ALMPs) with compulsory participation for recipients of unemployment compensation. Denmark spends more on active labor market programs than any other OECD country. We review theory showing how ALMPs can mitigate adverse selection and moral hazard problems associated with high income security and review empirical evidence on the effectiveness of ALMPs from the ongoing Danish policy evaluation, which includes a systematic use of randomized experiments. We also discuss the aptness of flexicurity to meet challenges from globalization, automation, and immigration and the trade-offs that the United States (or other countries) would face in adopting a flexicurity policy.
Κυτταρογενετικές μεταβολές κατά τη πορεία του Πολλαπλού Μυελώματος, ΧΛΛ/SLL την εποχή των σύγχρονων θεραπευτικών προσεγγίσεων
Authors: Μπάρτζη Βασιλική
Published: November 2022

Το Πολλαπλό Μυέλωμα (ΠΜ) και η Χρόνια Λεμφοκυτταρική Λευχαιμία (ΧΛΛ), αποτελούν λεμφοϋπερπλαστικές διαταραχές που χαρακτηρίζονται από σημαντική κλινική ετερογένεια. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης, η οποία άρχισε να εκπονείται το 2010, ήταν να αξιολογήσει την επίπτωση των κυτταρογενετικών ανωμαλιών στην πορεία του κάθε νοσήματος και στην πρόγνωσή τους. Εκείνη την εποχή, η δυσμενής σημασία ειδικών ανωμαλιών, όπως ο παθολογικός καρυότυπος ή η ανίχνευση των αντιμεταθέσεων t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20) και η έλλειψη 17p με τη μέθοδο της FISH στο συμπτωματικό ΠΜ στη διάγνωση, μόλις είχαν προβληθεί και δεν συμπεριλαμβάνονταν στη διαγνωστική πρακτική, ενώ η ανίχνευση της έλλειψης του 13q χρησιμοποιόταν ευρέως. Στη Χρόνια Λεμφοκυτταρική Λευχαιμία μελέτη του καρυοτύπου δεν πραγματοποιούταν ευρέως, ενώ πραγματοποιούνταν οι μεταλλάξεις VH και οι ελλείψεις 17p και 11q ως προγνωστικοί παράγοντες. Περισσότεροι από 600 ασθενείς με διάγνωση ΧΛΛ και ΠΜ μελετήθηκαν με τη μέθοδο της FISH για τις ελλείψεις 17p και 11q στους ασθενείς με διάγνωση ΧΛΛ και σε αυτούς με ΠΜ η έλλειψη του 13q και της αντιμετάθεσης t(4;14). Για εξωτερικούς λόγους, η μελέτη έμεινε σε αναμονή για κάποιο χρονικό διάστημα και όταν επανήλθαμε, η κλινική πρακτική σχετικά με την κυτταρογενετική αξιολόγηση και στα δύο νοσήματα είχε εξελιχθεί. Η προγνωστική αξία του καρυοτύπου είχε ήδη αποδειχθεί, οι αντιμεταθέσεις t(4;14), t(14;16) και η έλλειψη του 17p με τη μέθοδο της FISH είναι πλέον υποχρεωτικές για την σταδιοποίηση της νόσου στη διάγνωση λόγω του R-ISS, ενώ στη ΧΛΛ η ανίχνευση της 17p έλλειψης καθορίζει τις θεραπευτικές επιλογές. Δεδομένου ότι το αρχικό πρωτόκολλο της μελέτης είχε καταστεί παρωχημένο, εστιάσαμε σε 204 ασθενείς με ΠΜ και 120 ασθενείς με ΧΛΛ/SLL με υποτροπή νόσου ή ανθεκτικούς και αξιολογήσαμε την προγνωστική σημασία κυτταρογενετικών διαταραχών στην υποτροπή, προ θεραπείας στους ασθενείς με ΠΜ που ελάμβαναν Λεναλιδομίδη – Δεξαμεθαζόνη και στους ασθενείς με ΧΛΛ/SLL υπό θεραπεία με Ibrutinib. Δείξαμε ότι ο υπερδιπλοειδής καρυότυπος αποτελούσε δυσμενή παράγοντα για τους ασθενείς με ΠΜ σε υποτροπή με Rd, είτε παρουσίαζαν επιπρόσθετες κυτταρογενετικές διαταραχές είτε όχι. Η παρουσία της έλλειψης του 17p σε μεγάλο ποσοστό επιδείνωνε την πρόγνωση, ενώ η τιμή της αλβουμίνης ορού, της β2 μικροσφαιρίνης και της LDH δεν είχαν ιδιαίτερη κλινική προγνωστική αξία στην παρούσα μελέτη. Στη ΧΛΛ/SLL η ανταπόκριση πράγματι σχετίστηκε με τη διάρκεια της θεραπείας και την επιβίωση. Ιδιαίτερου ενδιαφέροντος ήταν το εύρημα ότι οι ασθενείς με τουλάχιστον δύο διαταραχές στον καρυότυπο είχαν στατιστικά σημαντική χειρότερη έκβαση από αυτούς με καμία, όταν βρίσκονταν σε θεραπεία με Ibrutinib. Στην παρούσα μελέτη οι μεταλλάξεις της VH και η έλλειψη 17p δεν είχαν επίπτωση.Περαιτέρω μελέτες χρειάζονται προκειμένου να επιβεβαιωθούν τα ευρήματά μας, παρόλο που ήδη, λίγο μετά από εμάς αποδείχθηκε η προγνωστική σημασία του καρυοτύπου στη διάγνωση σε ασθενείς με ΧΛΛ που έλαβαν Ibrutinib στην πρώτη γραμμή.
Οι κανονικές σχέσεις Εκκλησίας Κύπρου και Οικουμενικού Πατριαρχείου (Δ' αιώνας -1910)
Authors: Φιλίππου Φίλιππος
Published: November 2022

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση και η απαρίθμηση των κανονικών σχέσεων της Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου και του Οικουμενικού Πατριαρχείου σε μία περίοδο περίπου δεκαέξι αιώνων. Στην πραγματικότητα, οι αφετηριακές κανονικές σχέσεις των δύο Εκκλησιών έχουν ως χρονικό ορόσημο τη δύση του 7ου αιώνα και συγκεκριμένα την Πενθέκτη Οικουμενική Σύνοδο. Στην εργασία αυτή καταβλήθηκε προσπάθεια να εντοπιστούν και να διερευνηθούν όλα τα νομοκανονικά θέματα που απασχόλησαν τις δύο Εκκλησίες από τον 4ο αιώνα μέχρι την περίοδο της Αγγλοκρατίας στην Κύπρο, χωρίς, όμως, η ερεύνα που αφορά την περίοδο της Αγγλοκρατίας να εξαντλείται μέχρι το τέλος της περιόδου, αφού η αμέσως μετέπειτα περίοδος, δηλαδή μετά το 1910 απαιτεί περαιτέρω σχολαστική έρευνα. Η εργασία χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη, με το πρώτο να ασχολείται με τη «Συμμετοχή της Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου στις οικουμενικές συνόδους» δικαιολογώντας τον τίτλο της εργασίας μας, αφού η περίοδος που εξετάζουμε αρχίζει από τον Δ΄ αιώνα. Παράλληλα, το πρώτο μέρος είναι αναγκαίο για την ομαλότερη εμφάνιση του δεύτερου μέρους της εργασίας, το οποίο δομήθηκε με βάση τις ιστορικές περιόδους της Κύπρου, κατά τις οποίες εμφανίζονται οι κανονικές σχέσεις των δύο Εκκλησιών από τον Ε΄ αιώνα μέχρι το 1910. Τα κανονικά ζητήματα ανάμεσα στην Εκκλησία της Κύπρου και το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο για την περίοδο που διερευνήθηκε απαντώνται σε πλήθος επιστημονικών κειμένων στην ελληνική και ξένη βιβλιογραφία, όμως, δεν είναι συγκεντρωμένες και απαριθμημένες, ούτε σχολιάζονται κανονικά σε μια και μόνο εργασία, όπως στην παρούσα εργασία. Η περίοδος που εξετάστηκε είναι εξαιρετικά μεγάλη και φιλοδοξείται να αποτελέσει βιβλιογραφικό αρωγό στο πεδίο της ιστορικοκανονικής έρευνας, αφού εκτός από την ίδια την εργασία παρατίθεται και πλήθος παραπομπών. Ερευνήθηκαν και αξιολογήθηκαν επιχειρήματα για τις σχέσεις των δύο Εκκλησιών από την υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία, τα οποία συγκεντρώθηκαν, σχολιάστηκαν και τεκμηριώθηκαν με στόχο την ανασκόπηση διαφόρων απόψεων.
Βιοφυσική μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ μορίων-φαρμάκων και κυτταρικής μεμβράνης
Authors: Ρώσσος Γεώργιος
Published: November 2022

Τα παράγωγα των βενζιμιδαζολών έχουν κεντρίσει το ενδιαφέρον τα τελευταία χρόνια λόγω της ευρείας φαρμακολογικής τους δράσης και δρουν ως αντιφλεγμονώδεις, υποτασικές, αναλγητικές και αντισυσσωματικές ενώσεις. Είναι επίσης κοινοί προσδέτες (ligands) στη χημεία ενώσεων συναρμογής μετάλλων μεταπτώσεως. Σχηματίζουν σύμπλοκες ενώσεις με βελτιωμένες βιολογικές ιδιότητες ειδικά στη στοχευμένη θεραπεία κατά του καρκίνου. Ένα βασικό ερώτημα για την κατανόηση των επιδράσεων κατά των καρκινικών όγκων είναι η διαπερατότητα του φαρμάκου διαμέσου των κυτταρικών μεμβρανών, καθώς πιθανή χαμηλή διαπερατότητα μπορεί να αποτρέψει περαιτέρω μάταιη ανάπτυξη φαρμάκων. Σε αυτήν την εργασία, πραγματοποιήσαμε προσομοιώσεις μοριακής δυναμικής (MD) σε ατομιστικό επίπεδο και προσομοιώσεις biased MD για να διερευνήσουμε τις αλληλεπιδράσεις της 2-benzimidazolyl-urea (BZIMU) με δύο διαφορετικές διπλoστιβάδες φωσφολιπιδίων. Η πρώτη αποτελείται από 128 λιπίδια DPPC (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine) και η δεύτερη αποτελείται από 128 λιπίδια DPPG (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol), μαζί με μια πρόσφατα συντεθειμένη ένωση συμπλόκου BZIMU με χαλκό. Ο στόχος ήταν να μελετηθεί η διαπερατότητα αυτών των ενώσεων αξιολογώντας το προφίλ ελεύθερης ενέργειάς τους κατά μήκος του άξονα της διπλοστιβάδας. Οι προσομοιώσεις έδειξαν ότι τόσο ο προσδέτης (2-benzimidazolyl-urea) όσο και το σύμπλοκο έχουν παρόμοια συμπεριφορά παρουσιάζοντας, και για τα δύο συστήματα διπλοστιβάδων, σύνορα υψηλής ενέργειας κατά τη διαδικασία διείσδυσης. Ωστόσο, με την αυξανόμενη συγκέντρωση του BZIMU, τα μόρια τείνουν να συσσωματώνονται, προκαλώντας τον σχηματισμό πόρων. Η συσσωμάτωση των μορίων και ο σχηματισμός πόρων, μπορεί πιθανώς να εξηγήσει την προηγουμένως παρατηρηθείσα κυτταροτοξικότητα του μορίου BZIMU μέσω διάρρηξης της μεμβράνης. Η σύγκριση των δύο λιπιδικών διπλοστιβάδων, έδειξε υψηλότερη αλληλεπίδραση των δύο μορίων με τα λιπίδια, και επομένως μεγαλύτερη παραμονή τους, στο εσωτερικό της μεμβράνης DPPG παρά στη διπλοστιβάδα λιπιδίων DPPC, ενώ με την αυξανόμενη συγκέντρωση του BZIMU, η διάχυση αυξήθηκε για τη μεμβράνη DPPG σε σύγκριση με την διπλοστιβάδα DPPC.
Η «βιοκοσμική συνείδηση» του «Ποιητή»
Authors: Ζαμπάκη Νικολέτα
Published: November 2022

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή στηρίζεται μεθοδολογικά σε τρεις βασικούς θεωρητικούς άξονες, αυτούς της οικοκριτικής θεωρίας (ecocriticism), της οικοψυχολογίας (ecopsychology) και της Φαινομενολογίας του Maurice Merleau-Ponty, και τους αξιοποιεί συνδυαστικά στη συγκριτολογική ερμηνευτική προσέγγιση ποιητικών έργων του Walt Whitman και του Άγγελου Σικελιανού. Το ενδιαφέρον μας στρέφεται ειδικότερα στις συνθέσεις Song of Myself της συλλογής Leaves of Grass του πρώτου, στον Αλαφροΐσκιωτο, στις Ραψωδίες του Ιονίου όπως και σε όλη την πρώτη σειρά των Λυρικών ‒στον πρώτο και δεύτερο τόμο του Λυρικού Βίου, των ποιητικών δηλαδή Απάντων‒ του δεύτερου, και έχει στόχο να αναδείξει και να ερμηνεύσει την οικοφαινομενολογική πτυχή της βιοκοσμικής συνείδησης των δύο ποιητών· πτυχή που αποδίδει την καλλιτεχνική αντίληψη του Whitman και του Σικελιανού, φιλοσοφικά και αισθητικά εδραιωμένη στην άρση της αντίθεσης ανάμεσα στο αισθητό και στο διανοητικό.
Machine-to-machine communications in cellular networks
Authors: Πλιάτσιος Δημήτριος
Published: November 2022

Τα φορητά δίκτυα ή δίκτυα κινητών επικοινωνιών έχουν αλλάξει σημαντικά τον τρόπο που οι άνθρωποι επικοινωνούν τόσο μεταξύ τους όσο με μηχανές. Τα φορητά δίκτυα έχουν εξελιχθεί σημαντικά από την πρώτη (first-generation - 1G) μέχρι την πέμπτη (fifth-generation - 5G) γενιά. Συγκεκριμένα, η 5η γενιά έχει εισάγει σημαντικές αλλαγές στη δομή και τη λειτουργία των φορητών δικτύων, ενσωματώνοντας μια ευέλικτη αρχιτεκτονική προκειμένου να ικανοποιήσει τις απαιτήσεις των νέων εφαρμογών. Τα δίκτυα μετά-5ης γενιάς (beyond-5G – B5G) αναμένονται να παρέχουν πληθώρα νέων εφαρμογών, όπως εφαρμογές επαυξημένης και εικονικής πραγματικότητας, αυτόνομα οχήματα, εφαρμογές Βιομηχανίας 5.0, και Ψηφιακά Δίδυμα (digital twins). Επομένως, τα δίκτυα B5G θα πρέπει να είναι σε θέση να καλύψουν την εκθετική αύξηση σε πλήθος συνδεδεμένων συσκευών, καθώς και σε δικτυακή κίνηση. Ως αποτέλεσμα, η βελτίωση της χωρητικότητας, της φασματικής απόδοσης, και της ενεργειακής απόδοσης του δικτύου είναι υψίστης σημασίας για την ικανοποίηση των απαιτήσεων των νέων εφαρμογών. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή στοχεύει στο σχεδιασμό και ανάπτυξη μεθόδων και λύσεων για την αντιμετώπιση των προκλήσεων που σχετίζονται με την βελτίωση της απόδοσης ενός δικτύου, αξιοποιώντας τις τελευταίες εξελίξεις στους τομείς των ασύρματων επικοινωνιών και των τεχνολογιών υπολογιστικής. Η διδακτορική διατριβή εστιάζει σε τρεις βασικούς πυλώνες και συγκεκριμένα, στην επέκταση της δικτυακής κάλυψης, στη διαχείριση των ασύρματων πόρων για την αύξηση της χωρητικότητας του δικτύου, και στη βέλτιστη εκφόρτωση υπολογιστικών εργασιών σε περιβάλλοντα υπολογιστικής παρυφής.
Design of cladding to mitigate blast effects on the supporting structure
Authors: Ιωάννου Ορέστης
Published: November 2022

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής αποτελεί η διερεύνηση της δυνατότητας των στοιχείων επικάλυψης των κατασκευών να μειώνουν τις συνέπειες εκρήξεων στον υποκείμενο φορέα. Αυτή η δυνατότητα της επικάλυψης μπορεί να πραγματοποιείται μέσω δύο ξεχωριστών μηχανισμών, οι οποίοι, εφόσον αξιοποιηθούν κατάλληλα, μπορούν να οδηγήσουν σε κοινό αποτέλεσμα. Πρόκειται για τον μηχανισμό αδρανειακής αντίστασης και τον μηχανισμό πλαστικής απορρόφησης ενέργειας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η χρονοϊστορία της ασκούμενης πίεσης επί της επικάλυψης μετατρέπεται από υψηλής τιμής και σύντομης διάρκειας σε μια χαμηλότερης τιμής και μεγαλύτερης διάρκειας χρονοϊστορία των αντιδράσεων στήριξης της επικάλυψης, οι οποίες αποτελούν φορτία επί του υποκείμενου φορέα. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, μειώνεται η απαίτηση στον υποκείμενο φορέα και, άρα, μειώνονται οι παραμορφώσεις του, και αυξάνονται οι πιθανότητες διατήρησης της ακεραιότητάς του, διασφάλισης της προστασίας της ανθρώπινης ζωής, και περιορισμού των βλαβών. Ο μηχανισμός αδρανειακής αντίστασης ενεργοποιείται μέσω αυξημένης μάζας και μειωμένης δυσκαμψίας της επικάλυψης, ενώ ο μηχανισμός πλαστικής απορρόφησης ενέργειας ενεργοποιείται μέσω πλαστικών παραμορφώσεων της επικάλυψης. Για τον σκοπό αυτό, πραγματοποιείται συνδυασμός αριθμητικής, αναλυτικής και πειραματικής διερεύνησης αυτών των δυνατοτήτων των στοιχείων επικάλυψης. Η διερεύνηση γίνεται σε τέσσερις διακριτούς άξονες. Στον πρώτο άξονα αναζητείται θεωρητικά ο τρόπος επιρροής της επικάλυψης μέσω των δύο μηχανισμών και των ζωνών ενεργοποίησής τους, καθώς και της συμβολής της μάζας, της δυσκαμψίας, της αντίστασης και της ολκιμότητας. Στη συνέχεια αναζητείται θεωρητικά ο τρόπος επιρροής της μεμβρανικής λειτουργίας της επικάλυψης στη συμπεριφορά του υποκείμενου φορέα. Στον τρίτο άξονα επιβεβαιώνονται τα θεωρητικά συμπεράσματα μέσω πειραματικής διερεύνησης σε δύο τύπους επικάλυψης από δομικό χάλυβα και πιστοποιούνται τα αποτελέσματα των αριθμητικών προσομοιωμάτων. Τελικά, προτείνεται μεθοδολογία μέσω της οποίας μπορεί να υπολογιστεί η δυνατότητα μιας επικάλυψης να οδηγεί σε μείωση των συνεπειών έκρηξης στον υποκείμενο φορέα.Επομένως, η πρωτοτυπία της διατριβής και η συμβολή της στην επαγγελματική πρακτική είναι πολυεπίπεδη. Προκύπτουν πρωτότυπα επιστημονικά συμπεράσματα που μετουσιώνονται σε τεχνικές οδηγίες προς τους μηχανικούς, όσον αφορά στις ιδιότητες που πρέπει να έχει η επικάλυψη για την επίτευξη του στόχου μείωσης των συνεπειών εκρήξεων. Τα παραπάνω επιβεβαιώνονται αρχικά μέσω της πειραματικής διερεύνησης δύο συστημάτων επικάλυψης–υποκείμενου φορέα. Με βάση τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα, πιστοποιούνται αντίστοιχα αριθμητικά προσομοιώματα και διατυπώνονται οδηγίες σύνταξης αριθμητικών προσομοιωμάτων έναντι έκρηξης. Τέλος, διατυπώνεται μεθοδολογία για τη συγκριτική ανάλυση διαφόρων ειδών επικάλυψης έναντι έκρηξης, προκειμένου να διαπιστωθεί η ικανότητά τους για μείωση των συνεπειών στον υποκείμενο φορέα.
Estimating the sample size of sham-controlled randomized controlled trials using existing evidence
Authors: Siontis George C.M. , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Sweda Romy , Mavridis Dimitris , Salanti Georgia
Published: November 2022

Background: In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the power is often ‘reverse engineered’ based on the number of participants that can realistically be achieved. An attractive alternative is planning a new trial conditional on the available evidence; a design of particular interest in RCTs that use a sham control arm (sham-RCTs).

Methods: We explore the design of sham-RCTs, the role of sequential meta-analysis and  conditional planning in a systematic review of renal sympathetic denervation for patients with arterial hypertension. The main efficacy endpoint was mean change in 24-hour systolic blood pressure. We performed sequential meta-analysis to identify the time point where the null hypothesis would be rejected in a prospective scenario. Evidence-based conditional sample size calculations were performed based on fixed-effect meta-analysis.

Results: In total, six sham-RCTs (981 participants) were identified. The first RCT was considerably larger (535 participants) than those subsequently published (median sample size of 80). All trial sample sizes were calculated assuming an unrealistically large intervention effect which resulted in low power when each study is considered as a stand-alone experiment. Sequential meta-analysis provided firm evidence against the null hypothesis with the synthesis of the first four trials (755 patients, cumulative mean difference -2.75 (95%CI -4.93 to -0.58) favoring the active intervention)). Conditional planning resulted in much larger sample sizes compared to those in the original trials, due to overoptimistic expected effects made by the investigators in individual trials, and potentially a time-effect association.

Conclusions: Sequential meta-analysis of sham-RCTs can reach conclusive findings earlier and hence avoid exposing patients to sham-related risks. Conditional planning of new sham-RCTs poses important challenges as many surgical/minimally invasive procedures improve over time, the intervention effect is expected to increase in new studies and this violates the underlying assumptions. Unless this is accounted for, conditional planning will not improve the design of sham-RCTs.
Changes in mammography screening in Ontario and Alberta following national guideline dissemination: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Fahim Christine , Wiebe Natasha , Nisenbaum Rosane , Hamid Jemila S. , Ewusie Joycelyne E. , Tonelli Marcello , Brauer Paula , Shaw Elizabeth , Bell Neil , Stacey Dawn , Holmes Nathalie M. , Straus Sharon E.
Published: November 2022

Background: In November 2011, the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care released guidelines for screening women at average breast cancer risk. Weak recommendations (framed using GRADE methodology) were made for screening women aged 50 to 74 years every two to three years, and for not screening women aged 40 to 49 years.

Methods: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using administrative data to examine bilateral mammography use before and after a release of a national breast screening guideline. Women aged 40 to 74 years living in Ontario or Alberta from 30th November 2008 to 30th November 2014 were included. Strata included age, region of residence, neighbourhood income quintile, immigration status, and education level.

Results: In both provinces, mammography use rates were lower in the post-intervention period (527 vs. 556 and 428 vs. 465/1000 women in Ontario and Alberta, respectively). In Ontario, mammography trends decreased following guideline release to align with recommendations for women aged 40 to 74 (decrease of 2.21/1000 women, SE 0.26/1000, p<0.0001). In Alberta, mammography trends decreased for women aged 40 to 49 years (3/1000 women, SE 0.32, p<0.001) and 50 to 69 (2.9/1000 women, SE 0.79, p<0.001), but did not change for women aged 70 to 74 (0.7/1000 women, SE 1.23, p=0.553). In both provinces, trends in mammography use rates were sustained for up to three years after guideline release.

Conclusions: We observed a decrease in screening for women aged 40-49. Additional research to explore whether shared decision making was used to optimize guideline-concordant screening for women aged 50-74 is needed.
EFFECT OF SPARK TREATMENTFOR DISINFECTION OF ATMOSPHERIC WASTE WATER
Authors: Belov Aleksandr
Published: November 2022

There is an urgent need for a reliable, economical and environmentally friendly water disinfection and activation method to eliminate micro-organisms in the water and enrich it with nutrients, which can work effectively on a small scale within the scope of watering plants. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of spark discharge treatment on the disinfection of atmospheric wastewater. Experimental studies were carried out in 2022 in the laboratory of electrophysical impact on agricultural objects and materials of the FNAC VIM (Moscow). The bacterial concentration measurement equipment used is the EnSURE Touch Luminometer. The object of research was the atmospheric wastewater of the Zhulebinsky collector and the Kuryanovsky Canal in Moscow, formed as a result of precipitation in the spring season. The experimental setup contains a TVI-50 step-up transformer with a built-in bridge rectifier; a battery of two parallel-connected capacitors K75-25 of 0.025 uF each; forming and working gaps, on which a channel of spark discharges is formed, followed at a frequency of 1 Hz at a discharge voltage of 20 kV; working body with electrodes. As a result of the studies, a decrease in the concentration of bacteria in the atmospheric wastewater of the Zhulebinsky collector to 105 CFU/ml and the Kuryanovsky canal to 104 CFU/ml was revealed with an increase in the duration of treatment with spark discharges in the experimental setup to 5 minutes. To achieve the norm of 106 CFU/ml, the water of the Zhulebinsky collector must be treated for 2 minutes. The water of the Kuryanovsky Canal requires a duration of 1.5 minutes. for disinfection up to the established norm. For disinfection of 1 log, an average of 0.3 min is required for all selected water samples.
Facilitation pedagogy in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: from pedagogical practice to scientific concept
Authors: Kupavtsev Timofey
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The article is based on the results of the study of the phenomenon of pedagogical assistance in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Pedagogical assistance is considered as a professional and personal position of a pedagogical subject in relation to another person and as the basis of his project activities for the organization of educational environments. Pedagogical assistance acts in a dual capacity – on the one hand, as a way of organizing humanistically directed pedagogical activity, on the other hand, as a system–forming core of the scientific concept of managing the personal self-development of an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the educational process and professional activity. The concept of pedagogical assistance presented in the format of the article complements the methodological foundations of modeling pedagogical activity in line with the situational-environmental approach of N.V. It provides the possibility of fixing the dynamics of personality development as increments of personal experience within the boundaries of the stages of the situational cycle in the appropriate environments: goal-setting, sense-seeking and free creativity. The developed scientific concept of pedagogical assistance expands the possibilities of managing the environment of personal development in the system of continuing education.
Anniversaries of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the pedagogical process of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Boeva Ol'ga
Published: November 2022

The article examines the elements of the corporate culture of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation: professional values, traditions, rituals, professional holidays and memorable dates; professional symbols, as well as pedagogical possibilities of socio-cultural activities aimed at organizing the celebration of the most important events in history, anniversaries and memorable dates of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The author offers a toolkit for entering facts and events into a holistic pedagogical process, traces the influence exerted on the training, upbringing and development of the personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies, reveals the main content of this activity, and considers the prospects for its development. The scheme of implementation of elements of corporate culture in the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is presented through: a holistic pedagogical process, moral and psychological support of activities, mentoring, activities of public organizations and formations, historical and museum work. The results of the sociological survey "Anniversaries and memorable dates of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia of the past, present and future" are presented. Special attention is paid to the positive experience of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in organizing scientific, educational and socio-cultural activities related to the preparation and celebration of anniversaries and memorable dates in the history of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Pedagogical functions of team management
Authors: Sklyarenko Inna , Blagoveshchenskaya Maria
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the pedagogical functions of the head of the internal affairs body, carried out in the process of managing the service team. The authors give a detailed pedagogical description of the legal, diagnostic, analytical and evaluative, stimulating and research functions. Special attention is paid to pedagogical stimulation, presented as a purposeful process of applying external stimuli that interact with the motives and internal attitudes of the individual. The authors analyze the results of a study conducted in the form of a questionnaire of employees of internal affairs bodies to identify the features of applying types of incentives and incentive methods. Among the types of incentives, the heads of the body, organization, division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia most often use approval, praise and gratitude, awarding prizes, diplomas, medals, gifts. The most common incentive measures include the provision of an additional day of rest, public recognition of merit, transfer to a more prestigious unit. In conclusion, a reasonable conclusion is made about the importance and necessity of the implementation of pedagogical functions by the head of the body, organization, department of internal affairs.
Dynamics of expression of symptoms of posttraumatic stress in police officers after performing operational and service tasks in special conditions
Authors: Strelnikova Yuliya , Vozzhenikova Ol'ga , Dushkin Anton , Bashirova Sadagat
Published: November 2022

The article features of dynamics of post-traumatic symptoms and displays of personal desadaptation of the police officers who have carried out operational and service tasks in special conditions are considered. The empirical study involved 195 police officers aged from 26 to 32 years. Techniques: the standardized multifactorial method of research of the personality (L.N. Sobchik), the questionnaire of traumatic stress I.O. Kotenev. As a result of research it is established, that over time, changes of personal features, posttraumatic symptoms often proceed latently in the form of progredient (towards increase or decrease) or "wave-like" orientation (with alternation of periods of improvement and deterioration of a condition). Symptoms of "intrusion", "avoidance" and physiological hyperexcitability increase from the moment of performance of operational and service tasks in special conditions, and stabilize after three years. Neurotic control, pessimism and social introversion increase linearly. Optimism, distress and flashbacks of psychotraumatic events decrease progrediently. In the post-traumatic period from 1.5 to 3 years, the number of persons with signs of emotional lability, rigidity, non-productive tension and chronic fatigue grows. After 4 years, impulsiveness and aggravation increase, and the ability to withstand emotional stresses decreases. Practical recommendations for psychological rehabilitation of the specified negative manifestations are offered.
Psychological patterns of formation of professional thinking of the head of the Department of Internal Affairs
Authors: Mihaylova Tat'yana
Published: November 2022

The article notes that an important indicator of a manager's professional competence is an individual style of professional activity (behavior model) and a corresponding style of thinking that combines developed systemic thinking with a sufficient level of its analytical aspects. An important feature of a manager's professional thinking is selectivity, selectivity of perception and understanding of information, the ability to highlight the main thing in it and filter out the secondary. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the study of psychological patterns of the formation of professional thinking will help managers to identify its strengths and weaknesses, make their intelligence more powerful and effective; learn to find a common language with different people, understand and evaluate their words and actions, in order to influence them more effectively. The object of the study is the professional thinking of the head of the Department of Internal Affairs. The subject of the study is the psychological patterns of the formation of professional thinking of the head of the Department of Internal Affairs. Research methods: analysis and systematization of scientific and psychological literature on the subject of research; general scientific methods of cognition (theoretical analysis, generalization, synthesis); observation; testing of heads of departments of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation; statistical methods of processing the data obtained. The respondents were the heads of the Department of Internal Affairs in the number of 67 people. The scientific novelty of the research consists in expanding and supplementing scientific views on the process of forming professional thinking and developing an individual style of thinking under the influence of practical activities and vocational training. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used by psychologists of moral and psychological support units, teachers of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in order to further develop and improve the system of psychological support for the heads of the Department of Internal Affairs.
Psychological technologies and algorithms for providing psychological assistance in the work of a psychologist of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation
Authors: Maltseva Tatyana
Published: November 2022

Modern challenges and conditions of service in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia impose increased requirements on the personality of a bearer of the profession. The psychological work carried out with the personnel of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is quite extensive and multifaceted. It covers all periods of service by an employee, which requires a departmental psychologist to master the psychotechnology of psychological assistance and develop certain work algorithms. The author analyzes the content of psychological assistance and understanding of the construct "psychological technologies" at the present stage. Based on the analysis of numerous scientific papers devoted to the analysis of the features of the construction of psychological support for the professional and service activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, psychological technologies and algorithms for psychological work are proposed. The purpose of this article is to increase the effectiveness and expediency of psychological influences in the framework of psychological assistance to employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. One of the vectors for solving this problem can be the development and expansion of the repertoire of psychological technologies by departmental psychologists used in psychocorrectional and psychotherapeutic work, which is directly related to the strengthening and development of their professional competencies.
Ideological foundations of education: a review of the Russian experience
Authors: Anisina Svetlana , Anisin Andrey
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of ideological justification of the educational process. The implementation of the social function of transferring knowledge and cultural experience from generation to generation is impossible without relying on the reproduction of the connection of human life and society with absolute values. In this sense, the image of a "priest standing behind the teacher" is introduced and used. The Russian cultural tradition demonstrates several historically determined ways of ideological substantiation of pedagogy. European education develops as a continuation of the ancient tradition, and in Russia, thanks to Church Slavonic writing, the biblical tradition has become the paradigm of culture. Despite the external succession from Byzantium, Russia remained outside the influence of the ancient spirit. This internal factor, combined with the Mongol invasion and the subsequent two-hundred-year period of cultural decline, led to the fact that the emerging domestic tradition of education borrowed its forms from Europe. This resulted in various crisis phenomena in Russian history up to the revolution of the early 20th century and the collapse of the Soviet system at the end of it. Today, we can state the need for a conscious rejection of the Western worldview paradigm in favor of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, which presuppose the priority of the spiritual over the material. The absolute and universal nature of the fundamental values of culture is of fundamental importance for the education system.
The importance of the mutual learning system in the history of Russian education
Authors: Sklyarenko Inna
Published: November 2022

Educational systems based solely on the information paradigm do not meet the requirements of modern society. The resolution of this contradiction in education lies in changing the educational paradigm: new pedagogical systems modeled on the basis of historical experience and rethinking the values of education become in demand. The article discusses the problem of the influence of social processes in the field of education on the formation of a value-oriented sphere of the younger generation using the example of the Lancaster system of mutual learning in Russia. The methodology of mutual learning through the prism of an axiological approach is substantiated. The features of the mutual learning methodology are revealed, which are considered by the author as a historical continuity in educational practice. The author characterizes the considered historical methodology of primary education, arguing the presence of its components such as the goals and objectives of training, content, tools and learning outcomes. The article emphasizes the importance of the mutual learning system for the development of the political and economic situation in the state.
Honor meus: Kardynała Puzyny wizja Kościoła, państwa i narodu
Authors: Marchel Sławomir
Published: November 2022

Cardinal Jan Duklan Maurycy Paweł Puzyna is one of those figures in the Polish history whose activities still arouse doubts, controversy and even emotions. His unpopular decisions were the main reason for him to become the symbol of the passing world of conservative ideas. Ideas marginalized at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries by the development of modern political and ideological movements. Until today in the structures of the Church cardinal Puzyna is associated mainly with the last official attempt of secular authorities to directly interfere in the process of electing the pope, which took place during the memorable conclave of 1903. This study is the first attempt to look at Jan Puzyna in the widest possible context. To make it possible it was necessary to ask some additional and probing questions, as a supplementation to the known issues. The author looked for social and cultural factors which influenced the ideological formation of Jan Puzyna. Furthermore, in the study one can also find the analysis of some other aspects, such as Puzyna’s activity in Przemyśl and Lwów, as well as the reactions to his personality, decisions and views. Last but not least, the most interesting reasons for cardinal Puzyna to be remembered are predominantly negative comments. In author’s opinion, acknowledging of this phenomenon could help to understand the relations existing between different patterns of attitudes visible in Polish public life to this day.
An audit of renal ultrasounds for new referrals to the nephrology outpatients service
Authors: Shahzad Varisha , Redahan Lynn , McDonald Katherine
Published: November 2022

Background:

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2021) guidelines for the assessment and management of chronic kidney disease set out indications for ordering renal ultrasounds.

Aim:

The aim of this audit was to identify the number of renal ultrasounds ordered for new referrals to a nephrology outpatient service, whether the reason for these ultrasounds met the NICE guidelines, how many ultrasounds were ordered for each indication and whether the outcome of the scan was normal or abnormal.

Findings:

There were 287 referrals to the nephrology outpatient service, which were reviewed as to whether the ultrasound request met the guidelines. From the 278 new referrals, 139 had a renal ultrasound ordered. Of these, 57 met the criteria for having an ultrasound, while 82 requests did not meet the guidelines.

Conclusion:

This audit highlights the frequency with which inappropriate ordering occurs, as well as the ongoing need for education amongst clinicians on appropriate indications and the potential cost deficits involved.
Numerical simulation of phase-optimized light beams in two-dimensional scattering media
Authors: Ott Felix , Fritzsche Niklas , Kienle Alwin
Published: November 2022

Manipulating the incident wavefront in biomedical applications to enhance the penetration depth and energy delivery in scattering media such as biological tissue has gained a lot of attention in recent years. However, focusing inside scattering media and examining the electromagnetic field inside the medium still is an elaborate task. This is where electromagnetic field simulations that model the wavefront shaping process can help us understand how the focal near field evolves at different depths. Here we use a two-step beam synthesis method to simulate the scattering of complex incident wavefronts by well-characterized media. The approach uses plane wave electromagnetic near-field solutions in combination with an angular spectrum approach to model different light beams. We apply this approach to various two-dimensional scattering media and investigate the focus intensity over depth while scanning with and without phase optimization. We find that the scanned non-optimized beams have two regions characterized by exponential decays. The absolute progression of the focus intensity over depth for phase-optimized beams using all channels can be described by solutions of the radiative transfer theory. Furthermore, the average enhancement factor over depth of the phase-optimized focus intensity compared to that without optimization is investigated for different numerical apertures and scattering media. Our results show that, albeit the incident beam is diffusively scattered, the theoretical enhancement for a large number of optimization channels cannot be reached due to correlations between the channels. An increase in focus depth and an increase in the numerical aperture reduces the difference between the expected theoretical and simulated enhancement factors.
2π ambiguity-free digital holography method for stepped phase imaging
Authors: Zhang Duo , Li Tuo , Lei Wenxiu , Zhang Qian , Wang Shuai , Dong Jun
Published: November 2022

It is known that phase ambiguity is always an inherent problem in digital holography. In this paper, a 2π ambiguity-free digital holography method is proposed. The method naturally avoids phase ambiguity by a quasianalytic method. This quasianalytic method accurately calculates the true phase by constructing an equation and solving the solution of the equation. Thus, the inherent wrapping problem in digital holography is eliminated. For example, our experimental result shows that the true phase of the stepped specimen with the phase distributed in [0, 16π] can be obtained unambiguously. Since the proposed method naturally avoids the phase ambiguity problem, it may be beneficial to enlarge the application potential of the digital holography. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by both numerical simulations and experimental results.
Ultrabroadband second-harmonic generation based on a dispersion-engineered lithium niobate on insulator waveguide
Authors: Zhang Chi , Tian Xiaohui , Liu Huaying , Duan Jiachen , Jia Kunpeng , Xie Zhenda , Zhu Shining
Published: November 2022

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is widely used for wavelength conversions in various applications including multi-wavelength lasers, imaging, and ultrafast optics. However, it remains a long-standing challenge to achieve both a broad SHG bandwidth and high efficiency due to the medium dispersion. Here, we propose an ultrabroadband efficient SHG on a lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform by dispersion engineering. The waveguide cross section with two V-shaped grooves is carefully designed to minimize first- and second-order dispersion, which is feasible for current fabrication techniques. Due to the flattened dispersion, a record-high, to our knowledge, bandwidth-length product (

Δ
λ
⋅

L

) of

2444

µ

m

2

is achieved in a periodically poled 1.64-cm-long LNOI waveguide, which is four times the previously reported result. Such a scheme can also be generalized to SHG waveguides on other material platforms. Our results provide a new strategy of dispersion engineering for integrated photonics, and may be helpful for applications including frequency doubling, supercontinuum generation, and optical frequency combs.
253 J at 0.2 Hz, LD pumped cryogenic helium gas cooled Yb:YAG ceramics laser
Authors: Sekine Takashi , Kurita Takashi , Hatano Yuma , Muramatsu Yuki , Kurata Masateru , Morita Takaaki , Watari Takeshi , Iguchi Takuto , Yoshimura Ryo , Tamaoki Yoshinori , Takeuchi Yasuki , Kawai Kazuki , Zheng Yujin , Kato Yoshinori , Kurita Norio , Kawashima Toshiyuki , Tokita Shigeki , Kawanaka Junji , Kodama Ryosuke
Published: November 2022

A 253 J with 26 ns at 0.2 Hz laser performance was demonstrated using a LD pumped cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG ceramics laser amplifier. A high energy storage of 344 J was achieved with a stored energy density of 0.58 J/cm3 using a 1 kJ output multidirectional-pumping system. High energy-extraction efficiency of 56.5% was achieved with high energy fluence of 4.63 J /cm2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output energy obtained with a repetitive nanosecond pulse by LD pumped solid-state laser. This paper presented a design of 1 kJ amplifier based on experimentally proven numerical data.
Shaping polarization within an ultrafast laser pulse using dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Chen L. , Huo P. , Song J. , Wang Z. , Xu T. , Zhu W. , Agrawal A.
Published: November 2022

Coherent light–matter
interactions on the
femtosecond time scale form the backbone of ultrafast science and
technology, where the instantaneous state of light is used to control
and detect the interaction of light with matter. Here, the
polarization state of light has proven pivotal in unveiling intrinsic
chiral or anisotropic optical response in various
material systems, and it is critical for applications
requiring complex polarization encoding including in spectroscopy,
telecommunications, and coherent control. While wave plates in various
forms play a crucial role in shaping the landscape of polarization
management, engineering the instantaneous state of polarization within
an ultrafast pulse for an arbitrary input-polarization remains
challenging. Here, by leveraging the nanoscale multidimensional
control of light offered by metasurfaces, we engineer the temporal
evolution of the instantaneous polarization state of a femtosecond
pulse through parallel manipulation of its constituent spectral
components across an ultrawide bandwidth. We expect such
control over the synthesis of complex vectorially shaped pulses to
further elucidate ultrafast chiral light–matter
interactions.
Gene prioritization based on random walks with restarts and absorbing states, to define gene sets regulating drug pharmacodynamics from single-cell analyses
Authors: Sales de Queiroz Augusto , Sales Santa Cruz Guilherme , Jean-Marie Alain , Mazauric Dorian , Roux Jérémie , Cazals Frédéric
Published: November 2022

Prioritizing genes for their role in drug sensitivity, is an important step in understanding drugs mechanisms of action and discovering new molecular targets for co-treatment. To formalize this problem, we consider two sets of genes X and P respectively composing the gene signature of cell sensitivity at the drug IC50 and the genes involved in its mechanism of action, as well as a protein interaction network (PPIN) containing the products of X and P as nodes. We introduce Genetrank, a method to prioritize the genes in X for their likelihood to regulate the genes in P. Genetrank uses asymmetric random walks with restarts, absorbing states, and a suitable renormalization scheme. Using novel so-called saturation indices, we show that the conjunction of absorbing states and renormalization yields an exploration of the PPIN which is much more progressive than that afforded by random walks with restarts only. Using MINT as underlying network, we apply Genetrank to a predictive gene signature of cancer cells sensitivity to tumor-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), performed in single-cells. Our ranking provides biological insights on drug sensitivity and a gene set considerably enriched in genes regulating TRAIL pharmacodynamics when compared to the most significant differentially expressed genes obtained from a statistical analysis framework alone. We also introduce gene expression radars, a visualization tool embedded in MA plots to assess all pairwise interactions at a glance on graphical representations of transcriptomics data. Genetrank is made available in the Structural Bioinformatics Library (https://sbl.inria.fr/doc/Genetrank-user-manual.html). It should prove useful for mining gene sets in conjunction with a signaling pathway, whenever other approaches yield relatively large sets of genes.
Vehicular traffic effects on elk and white-tailed deer behavior near wildlife underpasses
Authors: Nojoumi Mehdi , Clevenger Anthony P. , Blumstein Daniel T. , Abelson Eric S.
Published: November 2022

Roads fragment animal populations, vehicles kill and injure animals, and traffic may affect animal behavior. Mitigation efforts (e.g., wildlife underpasses) are constructed to prevent fragmentation and reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions. However, little is known about traffic’s proximal effects on wildlife behavior and use of mitigation measures. We quantified the time that elk (Cervus elaphus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) allocated to foraging, vigilance, and flight behavior before and after vehicle passage. Both species increased vigilance and flight behaviors and reduced time spent foraging in response to vehicles. Both species were more likely to move through the underpass if they exhibited foraging behavior; we also found a marginally significant trend that animals were less likely to use the underpass after vigilance behavior. Knowledge that vehicle movement influences wildlife behavior underscores the importance of consideration given to road and crossing structure design. Additionally, findings of species-specific response to vehicle passage are important in understanding potential fitness consequences of anthropogenic disturbance.