bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macromolecular Mobility Changes Induced by Thermal Aging of Epoxy‐amine Polymer Networks
Authors: Delannoy Romain , Richaud Emmanuel , Tognetti Vincent , Quélennec Blandine , Delbreilh Laurent , Delpouve Nicolas
Published: October 2022

Changes in macromolecular mobility during the thermal oxidation of epoxy‐amine thermoset networks are addressed in this study. Three epoxy‐amine systems, cured with DGEBA and three similar aliphatic hardeners – ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and triethylenetetramine (TETA) – aged at 160°C are characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Results show a split of the single initial α relaxation peak with aging, which may imply that chain scissions are preferred at certain oxidizable sites in the network. A β relaxation can be identified around ‐60°C and does not seem to evolve much with aging, while another sub‐glass transition around 30°C decreases with it. Implications of this work both with mechanical fracture properties and with segmental mobility of radical chemical functions involved in bimolecular oxidation reactions have yet to be confirmed.
Physical Aging of an Epoxy Resin for Civil Engineering Applications from Fast Scanning Calorimetry Investigations
Authors: Quelennec Blandine , Delpouve Nicolas , Delbreilh Laurent , Delannoy Romain , Richaud Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

This works deals with the structural relaxation of an epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether polymer (DGEBA) and 4,7,10‐Trioxa‐1, 13‐tridecanediamine (TTDA) hardener. The physical aging experiments are performed in situ using fast scanning calorimetry (FSC). The profile of the relaxation enthalpy with temperature is obtained close to the glass transition by annealing the resin during 10 min at various aging temperatures. From this profile, the structural relaxation is probed at various distances from the glass transition temperature, with aging times ranging from 0 to 1000 min. The Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan (TNM) model is employed to analyze the relaxation data.
Migration of Electroconductive Carbon Nanoparticles in Polymer Composites Melts
Authors: Lebedev Oleg V. , Goncharuk Galina P. , Yablokov Mikhail Yu. , Kurkin Tikhon S. , Piskarev Mikhail S. , Golubev Evgeny K. , Ozerin Alexander N.
Published: October 2022

Process of nanoscale carbon filler migration in polymer composite melts is studied. Monotonous decrease of electrical resistance is observed for composite materials during their stay in a melted state. This is especially pronounced for composites with concentration of filler much lower than percolation threshold determined for a specific matrix/filler/mixing method combination. This phenomenon can be observed for composites based on different polymer matrices. Also, it is demonstrated that the type and geometry of the electrically conductive filler does not affect presence of the phenomena. A setup for measurement of conductance for volume and surface layer components is used. The results of electrical conductance measurements of the polymer composite melt using this setup allows to attribute the increase of composite material conductance to formation of filler enriched surface layer. To obtain information on the processes occurring at the microscopic level, molecular dynamics simulations are conducted. Variation of several simulation parameters with comparison of the results to experimental data allows to understand the macroscopic composite material conductance behavior.
Effect of Cooling Air in the Film Blowing Process on the Properties of PLA/PBAT Films
Authors: Pietrosanto Arianna , Scarfato Paola , Maio Luciano Di , Incarnato Loredana
Published: October 2022

Poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(butylene‐adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blends are among the most promising biodegradable materials for flexible packaging applications and the film blowing is one of the most common techniques to make plastic films. In this work, a study on the effect of the cooling air during the production process of blown films made by compatibilized PLA/PBAT blend has been performed. The application of cooling air has led to a significant reduction of the thermal shrinkage of the films in the transverse direction, respect to the machine direction, and has been beneficial in order to improve their mechanical and optical properties.
Polymer Insulator Processing‐Organic Transistor Performance Relationship Investigated through Admittance Spectroscopy
Authors: Liguori Rosalba , Licciardo Gian Domenico , Benedetto Luigi Di
Published: October 2022

Admittance spectroscopy is employed to explain the property differences observe between organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) fabricated with various gate insulator layers based on poly(4‐vinylphenol) (PVP) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The objective is achieved through the development of an equivalent circuit and a compact analytical model of the device core structure, namely, the metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitor. The model fitting with experimental data allows to extract a wide range of parameters and, in particular, demonstrates the critical role played by the interface between insulator and semiconductor layers.
Active Coated Films to Decrease Browning of Minimally Processed Banana Fruit
Authors: Apicella Annalisa , Carlucci Elisa , Leneveu‐Jenvrin Charlène , Remize Fabienne , Scarfato Paola
Published: October 2022

Minimally processed fruit presents a short shelf‐life because of cellular endogenous metabolism or microbial development. Fruit browning mostly results from phenolic compound oxidation. Banana (Musa acuminata Cavendish) cuts are particularly prone to enzymatic browning, resulting in unattractive color and modifications of aroma. In this study, the effect of two different eco‐sustainable packaging films on minimally processed banana is investigated. The films differ by the substrate, either polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or a fully biodegradable mix of polylactic acid (PLA) and polybuthylene adipate terephtalate (PBAT). They are coated with an amorphous PLA layer containing as antioxidant an active agent deriving from olive processing wastes. Minimally processed banana slices are prepared, packed, and stored at 4°C. Microbiological quality, color, pH, firmness, and polyphenol oxidase activity are evaluated during storage. The PET films show a better efficacy to limit browning, mainly due to the higher oxygen barrier properties compare to the PLA/PBAT. Best results are obtained with PET films with 5% of active phase.
Investigation of an Upcycling Strategy for Mixed Plastic Wastes from Urban Collection
Authors: Ferraioli Raffaella , Incarnato Loredana , Maio Luciano Di , Scarfato Paola
Published: October 2022

In this work, an upcycling strategy, aimed to upgrade the performances of recyclates deriving from sorting and mechanical recycling of mixed plastic waste recovered from the urban collection (UPW), is explored. To this aim, UPW samples are firstly analyzed to get information on their polymer constituents (type and relative amount), and then they are upcycled with the addition of different amounts of a polymer compatibilizer, a CaCO3‐based moisture absorber, and/or odor removers. All used additives give interesting benefits on processability and quality of the recycled UPW. In particular, the stiffness is increased up to ca. 22%, with the addition of 5 wt% of compatibilizer, and up to ca. 36%, with the addition of 5 wt% of moisture absorber, which also give better processability thanks to its moisture removal action. The odor absorber significantly reduces the smell of the recyclates, as found in preliminary odor recognition test sensory evaluation.
Floating Microdisks Rotated by Molecular Motors
Authors: Nyrkova Irina A. , Semenov Alexander N.
Published: October 2022

A possibility of utilization of molecular motors for creation of unidirectional rotation of tiny disks floating on a surface is considered theoretically. The bottom side of the disk is covered with grafted motors combined with flat blades submerges into a viscous liquid for torque generation. When exposes to UV‐light, the motors start to rotate all in the same direction, and they transfer their rotation to the blades creating a mechanical torque that turns the disk. The disk angular velocity scales as ω ∼ Ω L/R where Ω is motor angular velocity, L is the length of the oars, R is the micro‐disk size. A competition between directional ballistic‐type rotation and rotative diffusion is considered. The setup can be used for evaluation of the primary motor parameters: the motor rotation speed Ω = 2πf, and the maximum motor torque load Mmax.
Electrothermal Actuation and Release of Adhesiveness of Conductive Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites by Joule Heating
Authors: Slobodian Petr , Riha Pavel , Olejnik Robert , Matyas Jiri
Published: October 2022

The effect of an embedded electro‐conductive multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanopaper in an epoxy matrix on the release of the frozen actuation force and the actuation torque in the carbon nanotube nanopaper/epoxy composite after heating above its glass transition temperature is assessed. The presence of the nanopaper augments the recovery of the actuation stress by the factor of two in comparison with the pure epoxy strip. The strengthening of the composite is attributed to the interlocking of the carbon nanotubes with the epoxy. Moreover, the internally heated electro‐conductive carbon nanotube nanopaper/epoxy composite not only substantially shortens curing time while retaining comparable strength of the adhesive bonding of the steel surfaces but also enables a release of such bonds by repeated application of DC current.
Rheology for Modeling of Extrusion of Wood Plastic Composites
Authors: Wilczyński Krzysztof , Buziak Kamila , Nastaj Andrzej , Lewandowski Adrian , Wilczynski Krzysztof J.
Published: October 2022

Extensive rheological studies on the wood plastic composites (WPC) of various wood flour content based on the polypropylene (PP) matrix are presented. Viscous flow properties as well as the slip and yield stress phenomena are discussed. Rheological models of Klein and Ostwald de Waele are used for flow modeling, Navier model is applied for slip description and Bingham model is used for yield stress. Process simulations are performed, using recently developed the global computer model of WPC extrusion, to predict the process parameters (flow rate, pressure, and temperature development, melting rate, etc.), and to study the influence of the WPC material characteristics on the process flow. Simulations are validated experimentally, and are discussed with respect to both rheological and modeling aspects. It is concluded that the location of the extrusion operating point which defines the thermo‐mechanical process conditions is fundamentally dependent on the rheological material characteristics, including yield stress and wall slipping.
Algorithms for Flaw Detection by SHM with Static Sensors Approach
Authors: Iannone Michele
Published: October 2022

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a technology aimed to monitor the soundness of the structures. Applications for aircraft structure are largely investigated. The goal is to utilize the information acquired during the monitoring to save maintenance costs, improve flight safety, and design lighter structures. There are different issues investigated by SHM research, like load monitoring and impact detection. The most primarily investigated issue is damage detection, that is, developing a system that utilizes sensors to detect the damages in the structure. The damage detection can be performed with two different types of sensors: dynamic and static sensors. Dynamic sensors work by the transmission of waves through the structures. Defects are identified by deviation and reflection of the waves by damages. The SHM approach described in this work uses static sensors, like strain gages or fiber optics. The strain fields under load in pristine and damaged conditions are compared; damages are identified by evaluating the change in the strain field. Developed and patented in Leonardo Aircraft, two different algorithms for damage detection are described in this work. The algorithms are based on reverse finite element model (F.E.M.) and neural networks.
Optimization of Pyro‐gasification of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs)
Authors: Montorsi Francesco , Brancolini Gianluca , Mazzocchetti Laura , Benelli Tiziana , Giorgini Loris
Published: October 2022

This work focuses on the optimization of pyro‐gasification process of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) with the aim of recovering carbon fibers (CFs) with properties suitable for the production of new more sustainable composites with high performances. In particular, the pyro‐gasification process is carried out on cured CFRPs panels based on both epoxy (EC) and vinyl ester (VC) matrices, which are the two most used resins for CFRPs. The matrix degradation is evaluated via sample's weight loss measurement and the recovered CFs obtained after different time of treatment are analyzed to identify convenient pyro‐gasification conditions to avoid damaging of the recovered CFs. The obtained results highlight the importance of the thickness of the composites to be treated for the identification of the more suitable pyro‐gasification conditions.
A MATLAB‐Based Software for Estimating Measurement Uncertainties in Capillary Viscometry
Authors: Malagutti Lorenzo , Mazzanti Valentina , Mollica Francesco
Published: October 2022

The Mooney wall slip correction procedure is sometimes mandatory in the rheological characterization via capillary viscometry of certain complex fluids that have the tendency of slipping at solid walls. Besides making the measurement more complex, the Mooney procedure may give rise to measurement error amplification due to an imprecise knowledge of the capillary radius, even if the uncertainty is of the order of 0.01 mm. This error amplification may be so large that the result becomes grossly inaccurate, and in the worst case the procedure may even not produce a physically acceptable result. In this work a MATLAB‐based software that can help researchers determine the maximum allowable inaccuracy on the capillary diameter that can yield feasible data for fluids characterization is devised. For best results, though, the user should know in advance the constitutive characteristics of the unknown fluid in an approximate sense.
Trauma‐focused project builds on role of faith communities in healing
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2022

The realization that faith communities have been an underutilized resource in healing individual and community trauma has fueled a fast‐growing initiative co‐led by the National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD).
Advances in analytical microfluidic workflows for differential cancer diagnosis
Authors: Hasanzadeh Kafshgari Morteza , Hayden Oliver
Published: October 2022

Early detection and functional analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in liquid biopsy rather than counting them offer great promise as physicians can improve differential diagnosis for second‐ or third‐line treatment beyond today's genotype information from next‐generation sequencing and the limited statistical power of histopathology analysis. Microfluidics holds a great potential for an accurate and reliable isolation and analytical examination of cancer liquid biopsy. This review describes fundamentals and technological breakthroughs of immunolabeled and label‐free analytical microfluidic chips (µ‐chips), developed to screen and examine CTCs. The impacts of highly‐selective biomarkers and their features on the assembly and renovation of high‐tech immunolabeled and label‐free µ‐chips are discussed. Owing to significant impacts of multifunctional nanostructures on the performance of analytical µ‐chips based on engineering‐driven workflows, this review also focuses on their critical roles for screening CTCs benefited from the nanoscale physicochemical features. The advantages of integrated analytical µ‐chips are then identified and examined regarding their dominated sorting technologies. Furthermore, this review explores innovative technologies incorporating downstream cellular‐/molecular analysis into integrative analytical µ‐chips to pave the way for non‐invasive point‐of‐care diagnostics.
Arterial spin labeling signal in the CSF: Implications for partial volume correction and blood–CSF barrier characterization
Authors: Petitclerc Léonie , Hirschler Lydiane , Örzsik Balázs , Asllani Iris , van Osch Matthias J. P.
Published: October 2022

For better quantification of perfusion with arterial spin labeling (ASL), partial volume correction (PVC) is used to disentangle the signals from gray matter (GM) and white matter within any voxel. Based on physiological considerations, PVC algorithms typically assume zero signal in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent measurements, however, have shown that CSF‐ASL signal can exceed 10% of GM signal, even when using recommended ASL labeling parameters. CSF signal is expected to particularly affect PVC results in the choroid plexus. This study aims to measure the impact of CSF signal on PVC perfusion measurements, and to investigate the potential use of PVC to retrieve pure CSF‐ASL signal for blood–CSF barrier characterization. In vivo imaging included six pCASL sequences with variable label duration and post‐labeling delay (PLD), and an eight‐echo 3D‐GRASE readout. A dataset was simulated to estimate the effect of CSF‐PVC with known ground‐truth parameters. Differences between the results of CSF‐PVC and non‐CSF‐PVC were estimated for regions of interest (ROIs) based on GM probability, and a separate ROI isolating the choroid plexus. In vivo, the suitability of PVC‐CSF signal as an estimate of pure CSF was investigated by comparing its time course with the long‐TE CSF signal. Results from both simulation and in vivo data indicated that including the CSF signal in PVC improves quantification of GM CBF by approximately 10%. In simulated data, this improvement was greater for multi‐PLD (model fitting) quantification than for single PLD (~1–5% difference). In the choroid plexus, the difference between CSF‐PVC and non‐CSF‐PVC was much larger, averaging around 30%. Long‐TE (pure) CSF signal could not be estimated from PVC CSF signal as it followed a different time course, indicating the presence of residual macrovascular signal in the PVC. The inclusion of CSF adds value to PVC for more accurate measurements of GM perfusion, and especially for quantification of perfusion in the choroid plexus and study of the glymphatic system.
Obesity and patient‐reported sexual health outcomes in gynecologic cancer survivors: A systematic review
Authors: Lee Haerim , Reilly Megan , Bruner Deborah W. , Bai Jinbing , Hu Yi‐Juan , Yeager Katherine A.
Published: October 2022

As obesity prevalence among gynecologic cancer (GC) survivors is expected to increase, the role of obesity in sexual health needs to be understood. This systematic review examined the impact of obesity on patient‐reported sexual health outcomes (SHOs) in this population. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for original studies published between 2015 and 2020 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses guideline. We performed a narrative synthesis of findings via cancer type, cancer treatment, sexual health measures, and countries. Eleven observational studies were included. Most were conducted in European countries (n = 7), reported on endometrial cancer survivors (n = 7), and defined obesity as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (n = 10). Studies about cervical cancer survivors reported negative effects of obesity on sexual activity and body image while studies about endometrial cancer survivors reported positive effects of obesity on vaginal/sexual symptoms. Findings suggested interaction effects of radiotherapy and obesity on SHOs. Sexual functioning measured by the Female Sexual Function Index was less likely to be associated with obesity than other SHOs. A positive effect of obesity on SHOs was only found in studies conducted in European countries. Current evidence on the association between obesity and sexual health in GC survivors lacks in both quantity and quality. To better understand the effect of obesity on SHOs in the population, more studies are needed with critical evaluations of obesity and sexual health measures, careful considerations of cancer type and treatment, and a focus on the cultural context of obesity.
Generalized quantitative electroluminescence method for the performance evaluation of defective and unevenly degraded crystalline silicon photovoltaic module
Authors: Puranik Vishal E. , Kumar Ravi , Gupta Rajesh
Published: October 2022

Photovoltaic (PV) module experiences multiple cell defects and degradation in a field operation, which significantly reduces module output. Hence, quantitative assessment of a PV module is essential to ensure module operation within a desirable limit. This article proposes the generalized quantitative electroluminescence (g‐QUEL) method to evaluate the performance of a defective and unevenly degraded PV module from the EL images. Four module classes are considered from the view of field applications, such as new, PID‐s affected, field aged shunted, and nonshunted modules. The effects of defects and degradation on fundamental cell electroluminescence (EL) characteristics and constants are analyzed for each class. Based on this analysis, the g‐QUEL method is developed, which utilizes module multiple EL images, datasheet information, and terminal voltage measurements for quantification. First, a test module is qualitatively assessed to identify the present defects and classified into one of four classes. In the second part, the g‐QUEL algorithm is applied to a test module in a customized manner to extract five or seven parameters of a PV cell. Subsequently, a single or two diode model simulation is carried out at a module, submodule, or cell level to estimate module output by generating I‐V curve. Experimental verification of the proposed method was conducted on five test modules of each class. Results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the g‐QUEL method as it evaluates the output power of new to field‐aged modules with a relative error ≤±3%.
Introduction to the special issue: How COVID‐19 has affected students' health, achievement, and mental health
Authors: McIntosh Constance E. , Stone Glenn E.
Published: October 2022

The worldwide pandemic caused by COVID‐19 was an event that has left an indelible mark upon the people who lived through this period. This special issue of Psychology in the Schools is devoted to exploring the wide range of issues that children, families, and schools dealt with during the pandemic. The following topics are discussed: (1) an overview of how children were affected in both physical and psychological terms, (2) the range of problems that professionals working with youth during the pandemic had to address, (3) the special issues that impacted college‐age students during the pandemic, and finally (4) the various factors that influenced the level of impact that COVID‐19 had on children and their families.
Positive predictive value of a sepsis‐screening protocol for patients with tetraplegia
Authors: Goldish Daniel B. , Bechtel Erica L. , Jones Margaret W. , Carlbom David J. , Burns Stephen P. , Crane Deborah A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of a sepsis‐screening protocol in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design/Method

Retrospective review of all patients with cervical SCI who screened positive for two or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria while hospitalized in acute care or inpatient rehabilitation units over a 3.5‐year period. Sepsis was defined by the occurrence of (1) any culture order followed by an intravenous (IV) antibiotic within 72 hours or (2) an IV antimicrobial followed by a culture order within 24 hours.

Results

A total of 134 patients screened positive for two or more SIRS criteria. Of these, 36 patients (26.9%) were diagnosed with sepsis. Factors associated with a true‐positive SIRS screen on multivariable analysis included American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade A‐C (vs. D; p < .001). The PPV of the screen was 38% in patients with AIS A‐C and 9% in patients with AIS D. Altered mental status (AMS) was strongly associated with a diagnosis of sepsis; 16 of 18 (88.9%) of those with AMS had sepsis (p < .001). Age, sex, and neurologic level of injury were not associated with true‐positive screening. For patients with new SCI, the first true‐positive screen occurred a median of 31 days post‐injury. The most common SIRS criteria combinations in patients with true‐positive screens were elevated heart rate and either abnormal white blood cell count (43% of true positives) or abnormal temperature (26% of true positives). Abnormally low body temperature (<36°C) contributed to false‐positive screening for 10 of 38 (26%) AIS D patients who screened positive.

Conclusion

Sepsis screening using SIRS criteria in hospitalized patients with tetraplegia has a PPV of 26.9%; it is significantly higher in patients with AIS A‐C versus D injuries. AMS, when combined with a positive SIRS screening, is strongly associated with sepsis.
Emerging roles of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter inhibitors
Authors: Barton Anna Kate
Published: October 2022

Originally introduced as antidiabetic agents, the use of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter protein (SGLT) inhibitors has now expanded to a wider range of indications, including heart failure and chronic kidney disease, following positive clinical trial outcomes. This article summarises the properties of SGLT inhibitors and the increasing evidence base for their use in many cardiovascular and renal conditions.
Autoimmune diseases: the immunological tightrope
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: October 2022

Discriminating ‘self’ from ‘non‐self’ and avoiding autoimmune disease is a fine balancing act for the immune system. Recent research has increased our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that throw immunity off balance, raising the prospect of improved management and earlier diagnosis of autoimmune conditions.
Cenobamate for focal‐onset seizures in resistant epilepsy
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: October 2022

Cenobamate (Ontozry) is a new antiseizure medicine for the adjunctive treatment of focal‐onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. This article summarises its properties and place in therapy.
Ponesimod for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: October 2022

Ponesimod (Ponvory) is a new sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulator for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). This article discusses its mode of action, efficacy and adverse effects.
Upping our game when documenting adverse reactions
Authors: Thompson Angus
Published: October 2022

Healthcare professionals’ documentation of adverse drug reactions is sometimes suboptimal, but it is important to take time to detail the nature of these reactions and their timing and severity to ensure patients’ safety and trust in the healthcare system.
A Longitudinal Investigation of Directional Relations Between Domain Knowledge and Reading in the Elementary Years
Authors: Hwang HyeJin , McMaster Kristen L. , Kendeou Panayiota
Published: October 2022

The present study tested the postulation that “knowledge begets reading, which begets knowledge.” Using Random Intercepts Cross‐Lagged Panel Models (RI‐CLPM), we analyzed a U.S. nationally representative data set to examine the directionality and magnitude of the longitudinal relation between domain knowledge (operationalized as science domain knowledge) and reading throughout the elementary years (from kindergarten to fifth grade), while accounting for important covariates, such as working memory, cognitive flexibility, English language proficiency, basic literacy skills, and demographic information. Moreover, we conducted multi‐group RI‐CLPM analyses to examine whether language status (being bilingual or monolingual) moderates the longitudinal relation between domain knowledge and reading. The results showed that the relation between domain knowledge and reading is bidirectional and positive throughout the elementary years, providing empirical evidence that domain knowledge and reading may mutually enhance with each other. In addition, language status did not moderate the relation between domain knowledge and reading, suggesting that the directionality and magnitude of the relation were similar between bilingual and monolingual students. Taken together, the results have important implications for integrating content knowledge and English language arts core instruction in elementary grades.
Do employees' views matter in corporate governance? The relationship between employee approval and CEO dismissal
Authors: Wang Danni , Zhu Qi , Avolio Bruce J. , Shen Wei , Waldman David
Published: October 2022

Research Summary

As important stakeholders of a firm, employees are critical to firm success because they are directly engaged in strategy implementation. Accordingly, we theorize that employees' views can impact assessment of the CEO by the board of directors beyond firm financial performance and security analysts' recommendations. Specifically, we hypothesize that employee approval of a CEO's leadership is predictive of the board's CEO dismissal decision, particularly when there is relatively higher firm financial performance, more positive security analyst recommendations, and lower CEO power. Using longitudinal data from 338 firms and 1,252 firm‐year observations between 2010 and 2018, we found empirical support for the above predictions. Our theory and supportive findings have important implications for research and practice regarding employee engagement, strategic leadership, and corporate governance.

Managerial Summary

Because employees are important stakeholders of a firm and critical to its success, we argue that their views about the CEO can impact how the board of directors evaluates the CEO beyond firm financial performance and security analysts' recommendations. Our results show that higher employee approval of CEO leadership (measured by data collected from Glassdoor.com over multiple years) negatively predicts CEO dismissal, particularly when the firm performs better financially, gets more positive recommendations from security analysts, and the CEO has less power relative to the board. These findings suggest that employees' views do matter in the retention or dismissal of the CEO, and that CEOs should be mindful of how their employees view their leadership and the strategies they are promoting at their firms.
3D Porous Structure in MXene/PANI Foam for a High‐Performance Flexible Pressure Sensor
Authors: Yin Tingting , Cheng Yongfa , Hou Yixin , Sun Li , Ma Yanan , Su Jun , Zhang Zhi , Liu Nishuang , Li Luying , Gao Yihua
Published: October 2022

The fields of electronic skin, man–machine interaction, and health monitoring require flexible pressure sensors with great sensitivity. However, most microstructure designs utilized to fabricate high‐performance pressure sensors require complex preparation processes. Here, MXene/polyaniline (PANI) foam with 3D porous structure is achieved by using a steam‐induced foaming method. Based on the structure, a flexible piezoresistive sensor is fabricated. It exhibits high sensitivity (690.91 kPa−1), rapid response, and recovery times (106/95 ms) and outstanding fatigue resistance properties (10 000 cycles). The MXene/PANI foam‐based pressure sensor can swiftly detect minor pressure and be further used for human activity and health monitoring.
Hydrogel‐Based, Dynamically Tunable Plasmonic Metasurfaces with Nanoscale Resolution
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Qiang , Dai Chenjie , Cheng Mingliang , Hu Xin , Kim Hyun‐Sik , Yang Heesun , Preston Daniel J. , Li Zhongyang , Zhang Xuefeng , Lee Won‐Kyu
Published: October 2022

Flat metasurfaces with subwavelength meta‐atoms can be designed to manipulate the electromagnetic parameters of incident light and enable unusual light–matter interactions. Although hydrogel‐based metasurfaces have the potential to control optical properties dynamically in response to environmental conditions, the pattern resolution of these surfaces has been limited to microscale features or larger, limiting capabilities at the nanoscale, and precluding effective use in metamaterials. This paper reports a general approach to developing tunable plasmonic metasurfaces with hydrogel meta‐atoms at the subwavelength scale. Periodic arrays of hydrogel nanodots with continuously tunable diameters are fabricated on silver substrates, resulting in humidity‐responsive surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the nanostructure–metal interfaces. The peaks of the SPPs are controlled reversibly by absorbing or releasing water within the hydrogel matrix, the matrix‐generated plasmonic color rendering in the visible spectrum. This work demonstrates that metasurfaces designed with these spatially patterned nanodots of varying sizes benefit applications in anti‐counterfeiting and generate multicolored displays with single‐nanodot resolution. Furthermore, this work shows system versatility exhibited by broadband beam‐steering on a phase modulator consisting of hydrogel supercell units in which the size variations of constituent hydrogel nanostructures engineer the wavefront of reflected light from the metasurface.
An Efficient Network Immunization Strategy with Network Embedding
Authors: Mao Tiezheng , Yoshie Osamu , Fu Jialing
Published: October 2022

A local immunization strategy, which is effective in huge no‐scale network, is proposed in the paper. When there is an outbreak of virus in network, vaccinating limit nodes can reduce the damage of virus by preventing the propagation. Immunization strategy, which has been a hot topic for years, manages to choose the proper nodes to vaccinate. However, with the modern network growing large rapidly, the classic immunization strategies, such as degree‐based strategies and betweenness‐based strategies, will face the efficiency problem and accuracy problem. To solve the problem, we have pro‐posed a local immunization strategy, which performs effectively in huge no‐scale network. Firstly, we train an unsupervised graph neural network to get the embedding of nodes. Then with the help of node's embedding, we find the nodes exposed to virus spreader most severely and choose them as the vaccinated target. The calculation of node's exposure is local and fast, and it can depict the node's suspicious exposure to the virus from the global view of the network, which makes our immunization strategy approximate the global optimal solution. In addition, the vaccinating targets are calculated timely according to real‐time distribution of virus spreaders, by this way, our strategy is adaptive to the fast changes in the propagation of virus. At last, we refine the time complexity to make our strategy practical in huge network. Compared with current method, our network immunization strategy shows privilege in the simulation experiment. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Der „Professional Ear User“ – Implikationen für die Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie von Ohrerkrankungen
Authors: Bächinger David , Jecker Raphael , Hannig Jean-Christoph , Werner Andreas , Hildebrandt Horst , Eidenbenz Michael , Kompis Martin , Kleinjung Tobias , Veraguth Dorothe
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund

Ein vollständig intaktes Hörvermögen ist zentral für die Ausübung verschiedener Berufe wie Instrumentenbaumeister, Musiker, Tonmeister sowie für weitere Berufsgruppen ohne Bezug zu Musik wie beispielsweise Sonar-Techniker. Für Personen all dieser Berufsgruppen schlagen wir in Analogie zum „Professional Voice User“ den Begriff „Professional Ear User“ (PEU) vor. PEU haben spezielle Anforderungen an ihre Ohrgesundheit, da sie über eine überdurchschnittliche auditive Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit verfügen, von der sie beruflich abhängig sind.

Fragestellung

Die vorliegende narrative Übersichtsarbeit hat zum Ziel, die sich daraus ergebenden speziellen Aspekte der Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie von Ohrerkrankungen bei PEU zusammenzufassen.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Die Prävention von Hörstörungen und weiteren Ohrerkrankungen umfasst den Schutz vor zu hohen Schallpegeln, die Vermeidung von Ototoxinen oder Nikotin sowie die korrekte Durchführung einer Gehörgangsreinigung. Die Abklärung von Hörstörungen kann sich bei PEU herausfordernd gestalten, da subklinische, jedoch einschränkende Veränderungen des Hörvermögens mit konventionellen audiometrischen Methoden nicht zuverlässig objektiviert werden können. Schließlich kann das Vorliegen einer Ohrerkrankung bei einem PEU Therapieentscheidungen beeinflussen. Weiter muss bei PEU auch eine hohe Wachsamkeit bezüglich nichtorganischer Ohrerkrankungen bestehen. Abschließend werden Möglichkeiten diskutiert, um bei PEU eine umfassende Ohrgesundheit im Rahmen eines edukativen Programms zu fördern und mittels einer spezialisierten ohrenärztlichen Sprechstunde zu erhalten. Im Gegensatz zu bestehenden Konzepten ist der Fokus dabei auf die Gesamtheit der Berufsgruppen gerichtet, welche in professionellem Rahmen speziell von der Ohrgesundheit abhängig sind. Außerdem soll der Schwerpunkt hierbei nicht nur auf Hörstörungen und deren Prävention, sondern auch auf der Erhaltung einer ganzheitlichen Ohrgesundheit liegen.
MicroRNA biomarkers of type 2 diabetes: evidence synthesis from meta-analyses and pathway modelling
Authors: Zhu Hongmei , Leung Siu-wai
Published: October 2022

Aims/hypothesis

MicroRNAs are being sought as biomarkers for the early identification of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to synthesise the evidence from microRNA–type 2 diabetes association studies and microRNA-regulated type 2 diabetes pathway delineation studies that met stringent quality criteria to identify and validate microRNAs of both statistical and biological significance as type 2 diabetes biomarkers.

Methods

Eligible controlled studies on microRNA expression profiling of type 2 diabetes were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science. MicroRNA-regulated type 2 diabetes pathway delineation studies were conducted by integrating and cross-verifying the data from miRTarBase, TransmiR, miRecords, TargetScanHuman, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Retraction Watch database. Before meta-analysis, quality assessment was performed according to the corresponding reporting guidelines for evidence-based medicine. To select the most statistically significant microRNAs, we conducted extensive meta-analyses according to the latest methodology. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out to further examine the microRNA candidates for their tissue specificity and blood fraction specificity and the robustness of the evidence. Signalling pathway impact analysis of dysregulated microRNAs identified from meta-analyses was performed to select biologically significant microRNAs that were enriched in our newly built microRNA-regulated pathways.

Results

Of the 404 differentially expressed microRNAs identified in the 156 controlled profiling studies with a combined sample size of >15,000, only 60 were both consistently and significantly dysregulated in human type 2 diabetes. No microRNAs were both consistently and significantly dysregulated in multiple tissues according to subgroup analyses. In total, 58 microRNAs were found to be robust in sensitivity analyses. A total of 1966 pathway delineation studies were identified, including 3290 microRNA–target interactions, which were further combined with KEGG pathways, producing 225 microRNA-regulated pathways. Impact analysis found that 16 dysregulated microRNAs identified from extensive meta-analyses were statistically significantly enriched in the augmented KEGG type 2 diabetes pathway.

Conclusions/interpretation

Sixteen microRNAs met the criteria for biomarker selection. In terms of both significance and relevance, the order of priority for verification of these microRNAs is as follows: miR-29a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-101-3p, mIR-103a-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-19a-3p and miR-311-3p.

Registration

PROSPERO registration number CRD42017081659.

Graphical abstract
Assessment of aortic diameter in Marfan patients: intraindividual comparison of 3D-Dixon and 2D-SSFP magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wright Felicia , Warncke Malte , Sinn Martin , Ristow Inka , Lenz Alexander , Riedel Christoph , Schoennagel Bjoern P. , Zhang Shuo , Kaul Michael G. , Adam Gerhard , von Kodolitsch Yskert , Sehner Susanne , Bannas Peter
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To compare the accuracy and precision of 3D-Dixon and 2D-SSFP MR-imaging for assessment of aortic diameter in Marfan patients.

Methods

This prospective single-center study investigated respiratory-gated 3D-Dixon and breath-hold 2D-SSFP non-contrast MR-imaging at 3 T in 47 Marfan patients (36.0 ± 13.2 years, 28♀,19♂). Two radiologists performed individual diameter measurements at five levels of the thoracic aorta and evaluated image quality on a four-grade scale (1 = poor, 4 = excellent) and artifacts (1 = severe, 4 = none). Aortic root diameters acquired by echocardiography served as a reference standard. Intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman analyses, F-test, t-test, and regression analyses were used to assess agreement between observers and methods.

Results

Greatest aortic diameters were observed at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva (SOV) for 3D-Dixon (38.2 ± 6.8 mm) and 2D-SSFP (38.3 ± 7.1 mm) (p = 0.53). Intra- and interobserver correlation of diameter measurements was excellent at all aortic levels for both 3D-Dixon (r = 0.94–0.99 and r = 0.94–0.98) and 2D-SSFP (r = 0.96–1.00 and r = 0.95–0.99). 3D-Dixon-derived and 2D-SSFP-derived diameter measurements at the level of the SOV revealed a strong correlation with echocardiographic measurements (r = 0.92, p < 0.001 and r = 0.93, p < 0.001, respectively). The estimated mean image quality at the level of SOV was higher for 2D-SSFP compared to that for 3D-Dixon (3.3 (95%-CI: 3.1–3.5) vs. 2.9 (95%-CI: 2.7–3.1)) (p < 0.001). Imaging artifacts were less at all aortic levels for 3D-Dixon compared to 2D-SSFP (3.4–3.8 vs. 2.8–3.1) (all p < 0.002).

Conclusion

Respiratory-gated 3D-Dixon and breath-hold 2D-SSFP MR-imaging provide accurate and precise aortic diameter measurements. We recommend 3D-Dixon imaging for monitoring of aortic diameter in Marfan patients due to fewer imaging artifacts and the possibility of orthogonal multiplanar reformations of the aortic root.

Key Points

• Respiratory-gated 3D-Dixon and breath-hold 2D-SSFP imaging provide accurate and precise aortic diameter measurements in patients suffering from Marfan syndrome.

• Imaging artifacts are stronger in 2D-SFFP imaging than in 3D-Dixon imaging.

• We recommend 3D-Dixon imaging for monitoring of aortic diameter in Marfan patients due to fewer imaging artifacts and the possibility of orthogonal multiplanar reformations.
Augmented reality during parotid surgery: real-life evaluation of voice control of a head mounted display
Authors: Scherl Claudia , Männle David , Rotter Nicole , Hesser Jürgen , Stallkamp Jan , Balkenhol Tobias , Huber Lena , Kramer Benedikt , Lammert Anne , Affolter Annette
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Augmented Reality can improve surgical planning and performance in parotid surgery. For easier application we implemented a voice control manual for our augmented reality system. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of the voice control in real-life situations.

Methods

We used the HoloLens 1® (Microsoft Corporation) with a special speech recognition software for parotid surgery. The evaluation took place in a audiometry cubicle and during real surgical procedures. Voice commands were used to display various 3D structures of the patient with the HoloLens 1®. Commands had different variations (male/female, 65 dB SPL)/louder, various structures).

Results

In silence, 100% of commands were recognized. If the volume of the operation room (OR) background noise exceeds 42 dB, the recognition rate decreases significantly, and it drops below 40% at > 60 dB SPL. With constant speech volume at 65 dB SPL male speakers had a significant better recognition rate than female speakers (p = 0.046). Higher speech volumes can compensate this effect. The recognition rate depends on the type of background noise. Mixed OR noise (52 dB(A)) reduced the detection rate significantly compared to single suction noise at 52 dB(A) (p ≤ 0.00001). The recognition rate was significantly better in the OR than in the audio cubicle (p = 0.00013 both genders, 0.0086 female, and 0.0036 male).

Conclusions

The recognition rate of voice commands can be enhanced by increasing the speech volume and by singularizing ambient noises. The detection rate depends on the loudness of the OR noise. Male voices are understood significantly better than female voices.
How many Fourier coefficients are needed?
Authors: Diederichs Benedikt , Kolountzakis Mihail N. , Papageorgiou Effie
Published: October 2022

We are looking at families of functions or measures on the torus which are specified by a finite number of parameters N. The task, for a given family, is to look at a small number of Fourier coefficients of the object, at a set of locations that is predetermined and may depend only on N, and determine the object. We look at (a) the indicator functions of at most N intervals of the torus and (b) at sums of at most N complex point masses on the multidimensional torus. In the first case we reprove a theorem of Courtney which says that the Fourier coefficients at the locations $$0, 1, \ldots , N$$

0
,
1
,
…
,
N

are sufficient to determine the function (the intervals). In the second case we produce a set of locations of size $$O(N \log ^{d-1} N)$$

O
(
N

log

d
-
1

N
)

which suffices to determine the measure.
Viewpoint: a multidisciplinary approach to the assessment of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chatterjee Soumya , Perelas Apostolos , Yadav Ruchi , Kirby Donald F. , Singh Amandeep
Published: October 2022

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and heterogeneous disease affecting the skin and internal organs. SSc-associated ILD (SSc-ILD) is a common and often early manifestation of SSc. This article discusses the rationale for a multidisciplinary approach (MDA) to the early identification and assessment of patients with SSc-ILD. Diagnosis of SSc-ILD is often challenging as patients with early disease can be asymptomatic, and SSc-ILD symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea and cough, are non-specific. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs is the gold standard for diagnosis of SSc-ILD since pulmonary function tests lack sensitivity and specificity, especially in early disease. On HRCT, most patients with SSc-ILD have a non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern. In addition, findings of pulmonary hypertension and esophageal dysmotility may be present. The multi-organ involvement of SSc and the diverse spectrum of symptoms support an MDA for the diagnosis and assessment of patients with SSc-ILD, with input from rheumatologists, pulmonologists, gastroenterologists, radiologists, and other specialists.

Key Points• Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc).• Early diagnosis is key to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with SSc-ILD and other manifestations of SSc.• The multi-organ involvement of SSc supports a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and assessment of patients with SSc-ILD, with input from rheumatologists, pulmonologists, gastroenterologists, radiologists, and other specialists.