bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Updating Mill on Free Speech
Authors: Turner Piers Norris
Published: March 2021

John Stuart Mill's defense of freedom of discussion in On Liberty remains a major influence on philosophical and public debates about free speech. By highlighting underappreciated textual evidence and key distinctions, this introduction attempts to show how the contributions of the symposium authors – Melina Constantine Bell, Rafael Cejudo, Christopher Macleod, and Dale E. Miller – point toward a more complete account of Mill's views.
Breeding dispersal movements of Dupont’s LarkChersophilus dupontiin fragmented landscape
Authors: PÉREZ-GRANADOS CRISTIAN , SÁEZ-GÓMEZ PEDRO , LÓPEZ-IBORRA GERMÁN M.
Published: March 2021

Understanding patterns of dispersal behaviour of threatened species is important in conservation biology and population ecology, especially in fragmented landscapes. Dupont’s LarkChersophilusdupontiis a threatened passerine whose European population has declined by around 40% in the last decade. To study natal and breeding dispersal of the species, we used a long-term mark-recapture dataset (2011–2019) and analysed the records of 32 males (39 dispersal movements) and five females (five dispersal movements) captured during the breeding season at Rincón de Ademuz (Valencia, eastern Spain). Adult birds had a median breeding dispersal of 154 m (Q25-Q75 = 70.0–300.3). Among these captures, two adult males dispersed to a new patch of habitat separated by more than 5,800 m. Only one out of 26 nestlings ringed was trapped as an adult bird, which occurred at a site different from the natal territory (4,500 m). Our results show a low breeding dispersal for the species and are, in essence, in agreement with previous studies carried out in the Ebro Valley metapopulation, one of the core areas for the species in Europe. Nonetheless, unlike in the Ebro Valley, we detected movements of adult birds between habitat patches. The low recovery rate of young birds suggests that they left their natal sites and moved outside the study area or that their survival rate was very low. Future studies focused on the post-fledging survival rate and natal dispersal movements are essential to determine effective conservation measures for the species. Habitat management actions in occupied and potential sites should be carried out close to the areas inhabited by the species to increase the success rate of the interventions and the effective dispersal and therefore population connectivity.
Thinking Through Monuments: Levantine Monuments as Technologies of Community-Scale Motivated Social Cognition
Authors: Hogue Timothy
Published: March 2021

This study proposes that monuments are technologies through which communities think. I draw on conceptual blending theory as articulated by Mark Turner and Gilles Fauconnier to argue that monuments are material anchors for conceptual integration networks. The network model highlights that monuments are embedded in specific spatial and socio-historical contexts while also emphasizing that they function relationally by engaging the imaginations of communities. An enactivist understanding of these networks helps to explain the generative power of monuments as well as how they can become dynamic and polysemic. By proposing a cognitive scientific model for such relational qualities, this approach also has the advantage of making them more easily quantifiable. I present a test case of monumental installations from the Iron Age Levant (the ceremonial plaza of Karkamiš) to develop this approach and demonstrate its explanatory power. I contend that the theory and methods introduced here can make future accounts of monuments more precise while also opening up new avenues of research into monuments as a technology of motivated social cognition that is enacted on a community-scale.
Atrial septal defect occlusion by a catheter during reperfusion of homograft in a case of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Baba Shiro , Hirata Takuya , Okajima Hideaki
Published: March 2021

Liver transplantation for patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary artery stenosis, causing high right atrium pressure, raises concerns about embolism in systemic vessels during reperfusion of the donor liver graft. Temporal atrial septal defect occlusion by a catheter is a simple and easy method of preventing the complication.
Bilateral coronary ostial atresia in a patient with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect
Authors: Kato Atsuko , Yoshii Kimihiko , Nishikawa Hiroshi , Sakurai Hajime
Published: March 2021

This is a case of a female infant with bilateral coronary ostial atresia associated with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect. She developed coronary ischemia at 1-month of age, when she underwent an aortopulmonary shunt and an aorta-right ventricle shunt. The double-orifice tricuspid valve was separating the right ventricle from the left ventricle. She required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support because of ventricular dysfunction and mitral regurgitation. Although she was temporarily weaned off the support after mitral valvuloplasty, she died from multiple organ failure. To the best of our knowledge, bilateral coronary ostial atresia associated with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect has not been reported previously.
Watkins on Kant’s Laws of Nature
Authors: Sethi Janum
Published: March 2021

I discuss three sets of worries concerning Watkins’ account of laws of nature in Kant on Laws. First, I argue contra Watkins that Kant’s laws of nature do not depend on acts of prescription in any literal sense. Second, I question how his generic conception of laws applies to empirical laws of nature and suggest that the worries about unknowability or contingency that he raises for contemporary alternatives may equally arise for empirical laws on Kant’s account. Finally, I discuss his claim that Kant’s a priori laws depend on the immutability of human cognitive capacities and ask how this immutability should be understood.
Risk factors for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle
Authors: Smith David R.
Published: March 2021

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of death in beef calves 3 weeks of age to weaning and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in beef feeding and finishing systems. Each outbreak of respiratory disease is the result of the completion of a sufficient cause, which might have also included components of viral and bacterial pathogens, a certain state of immunity, or other component causes of respiratory disease in cattle that we fail to understand. Disease is expressed when a sufficient cause is completed. Disease events we observe, such as the occurrence of BRD, usually have relationships with risk factors that are commonly the subject of epidemiologic research and the primary subject of this paper. However, it is important to understand that underlying systems produce those relationships and, ultimately, the occurrence of disease. The risk factors for BRD include a complex set of component causes that include bacterial and viral pathogens, level of host immunity, and environmental conditions that favor pathogen transmission and stress-induced susceptibility. During the post-weaning phase, these factors are superimposed on a system of marketing, transportation, and decisions made to support economic opportunity that further increase the risk for BRD.
UNIRATIONALITY AND GEOMETRIC UNIRATIONALITY FOR HYPERSURFACES IN POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Oguiso Keiji , Schröer Stefan
Published: March 2021

Building on work of Segre and Kollár on cubic hypersurfaces, we construct over imperfect fields of characteristic
$p\geq 3$
particular hypersurfaces of degree p, which show that geometrically rational schemes that are regular and whose rational points are Zariski dense are not necessarily unirational. A likewise behavior holds for certain cubic surfaces in characteristic
$p=2$
.
Ultra-wide stopband lowpass filters using ring resonators
Authors: Hayati Mohsen , Mustafa Sajjad Mohanad , Shama Farzin , Abbasi Hamed
Published: March 2021

A microstrip-based lowpass filter (LPF) containing modified ring structures has been presented. Ring resonators are used to form a sharp transition region. In addition, rectangular- and tapered-shaped suppressing cells are used to create an ultra-wide stopband region. By combining the designed ring resonator and suppressors, an LPF has been designed with −3 dB cut-off frequency at 1.83 GHz. A sharp transition region has been achieved from 1.83 (at −3 dB) to 2.1 GHz (at −60 dB). A stopband region has been concluded from 2 to 21 GHz (with the corresponding attenuation level of at least 20 dB). The measured insertion loss is better than 0.1 dB (equal to a return loss of 18.1 dB) in the passband region. The proposed circuit is fabricated and measured. The measured results have an appropriate adaption with the simulated results.
Seismic Strain Rate and Flexure at the Hawaiian Islands Constrain the Frictional Coefficient
Authors: Bellas A. , Zhong S. J.
Published: March 2021

Flexure occurs on intermediate geologic timescales (∼1 Myr) due to volcanic‐island building at the Island of Hawaii, and the deformational response of the lithosphere is simultaneously elastic, plastic, and ductile. At shallow depths and low temperatures, elastic deformation transitions to frictional failure on faults where stresses exceed a threshold value, and this complex rheology controls the rate of deformation manifested by earthquakes. In this study, we estimate the seismic strain rate based on earthquakes recorded between 1960 and 2019 at Hawaii, and the estimated strain rate with 10−18–10−15 s−1 in magnitude exhibits a local minimum or neutral bending plane at 15 km depth within the lithosphere. In comparison, flexure and internal deformation of the lithosphere are modeled in 3D viscoelastic loading models where deformation at shallow depths is accommodated by frictional sliding on faults and limited by the frictional coefficient (μf), and at larger depths by low‐temperature plasticity and high‐temperature creep. Observations of flexure and the seismic strain rate are best‐reproduced by models with μf = 0.3 ± 0.1 and modified laboratory‐derived low‐temperature plasticity. Results also suggest strong lateral variations in the frictional strength of faults beneath Hawaii. Our models predict a radial pattern of compressive stress axes relative to central Hawaii consistent with observations of earthquake pressure (P) axes. We demonstrate that the dip angle of this radial axis is essential to discerning a change in the curvature of flexure, and therefore has implications for constraining lateral variations in lithospheric strength.
Global Wildfire Plume‐Rise Data Set and Parameterizations for Climate Model Applications
Authors: Ke Ziming , Wang Yuhang , Zou Yufei , Song Yongjia , Liu Yongqiang
Published: March 2021

The fire plume height (smoke injection height) is an important parameter for calculating the transport and lifetime of smoke particles, which can significantly affect regional and global air quality and atmospheric radiation budget. To develop an observation‐based global fire plume‐rise data set, a modified one‐dimensional plume‐rise model was used with observation‐based fire size and Maximum Fire Radiative Power (MFRP) data, which are derived from satellite fire hotspot measurements. The resulting data set captured well the observed plume height distribution derived from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) measurements. The fraction of fire plumes penetrating above the boundary layer is relatively low at 20% at the time of MISR observation (10:30 am LT) but increases to an average of ∼55% in the late afternoon, implying that the MISR observation data sampled in late morning underestimate the average daytime fire plume heights and plume mixing into the free troposphere. Therefore, adjustments are required through dynamic modeling or parameterization of fire plume height as a function of meteorological and fire conditions when the MISR data set is applied in climate model simulations. We conducted sensitivity simulations using the Community Atmospheric Models version 5 (CAM5). Model results show that the incorporation of fire plume rise in the model tends to significantly increase fire aerosol impacted regions. We applied the offline plume‐rise data to develop an online fire plume height parameterization, allowing for simulating the feedbacks of climate/weather on fire plume rise in climate models.
The North Atlantic Glacial Eastern Boundary Current as a Key Driver for Ice‐Sheet—AMOC Interactions and Climate Instability
Authors: Toucanne Samuel , Soulet Guillaume , Vázquez Riveiros Natalia , Boswell Steven M. , Dennielou Bernard , Waelbroeck Claire , Bayon Germain , Mojtahid Meryem , Bosq Mathieu , Sabine Marjolaine , Zaragosi Sébastien , Bourillet Jean‐François , Mercier Herlé
Published: March 2021

The upper branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays a critical role in ocean circulation and climate change, yet its variability during the last glacial period is poorly documented. Here, we investigate the northward‐flowing Glacial Eastern Boundary Current (GEBC) in the North Atlantic, known today as the European Slope Current, and representing the easternmost portion of the upper branch of the AMOC. Based on flow speed and isotopic records, we show that Dansgaard‐Oeschger (D‐O) interstadials (stadials) correspond to a faster (weaker) GEBC during the ∼50–15 ka period. This, by analogy to present‐day conditions, suggests enhanced (reduced) strength of the subpolar gyre and, by extension, of northern‐sourced water production and AMOC during D‐O interstadials (stadials). Concomitant fluctuations of both the GEBC and the European Ice Sheet between ∼30 and 17 ka suggest an active role of the upper branch of AMOC in the poleward transport of heat and freshwater to the northern North Atlantic, with direct impacts on deep water formation and AMOC strength. We explore these ice‐sheet—AMOC interactions and the associated abrupt climate changes over the last glacial period and the last deglaciation.
Unprecedented Migratory Bird Die‐Off: A Citizen‐Based Analysis on the Spatiotemporal Patterns of Mass Mortality Events in the Western United States
Authors: Yang Di , Yang Anni , Yang Jue , Xu Rongting , Qiu Han
Published: March 2021

Extensive, severe wildfires, and wildfire‐induced smoke occurred across the western and central United States since August 2020. Wildfires resulting in the loss of habitats and emission of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds pose serious threatens to wildlife and human populations, especially for avian species, the respiratory system of which are sensitive to air pollutions. At the same time, the extreme weather (e.g., snowstorms) in late summer may also impact bird migration by cutting off their food supply and promoting their migration before they were physiologically ready. In this study, we investigated the environmental drivers of massive bird die‐offs by combining socioecological earth observations data sets with citizen science observations. We employed the geographically weighted regression models to quantitatively evaluate the effects of different environmental and climatic drivers, including wildfire, air quality, extreme weather, drought, and land cover types, on the spatial pattern of migratory bird mortality across the western and central US during August‐September 2020. We found that these drivers affected the death of migratory birds in different ways, among which air quality and distance to wildfire were two major drivers. Additionally, there were more bird mortality events found in urban areas and close to wildfire in early August. However, fewer bird deaths were detected closer to wildfires in California in late August and September. Our findings highlight the important impact of extreme weather and natural disasters on bird biology, survival, and migration, which can provide significant insights into bird biodiversity, conservation, and ecosystem sustainability.
Opposing functions of β-arrestin 1 and 2 in Parkinson’s disease via microglia inflammation and Nprl3
Authors: Fang Yinquan , Jiang Qingling , Li Shanshan , Zhu Hong , Xu Rong , Song Nanshan , Ding Xiao , Liu Jiaqi , Chen Miaomiao , Song Mengmeng , Ding Jianhua , Lu Ming , Wu Guangyu , Hu Gang
Published: March 2021

Although β-arrestins (ARRBs) regulate diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, their functions and regulation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain poorly defined. In this study, we show that the expression of β-arrestin 1 (ARRB1) and β-arrestin 2 (ARRB2) is reciprocally regulated in PD mouse models, particularly in microglia. ARRB1 ablation ameliorates, whereas ARRB2 knockout aggravates, the pathological features of PD, including dopaminergic neuron loss, neuroinflammation and microglia activation in vivo, and microglia-mediated neuron damage in vitro. We also demonstrate that ARRB1 and ARRB2 produce adverse effects on inflammation and activation of the inflammatory STAT1 and NF-κB pathways in primary cultures of microglia and macrophages and that two ARRBs competitively interact with the activated form of p65, a component of the NF-κB pathway. We further find that ARRB1 and ARRB2 differentially regulate the expression of nitrogen permease regulator-like 3 (Nprl3), a functionally poorly characterized protein, as revealed by RNA sequencing, and that in the gain- and loss-of-function studies, Nprl3 mediates the functions of both ARRBs in microglia inflammatory responses. Collectively, these data demonstrate that two closely related ARRBs exert opposite functions in microglia-mediated inflammation and the pathogenesis of PD which are mediated at least in part through Nprl3 and provide novel insights into the understanding of the functional divergence of ARRBs in PD.
Identification, classification, and characterization of AP2/ERF superfamily genes in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)
Authors: Zhu Peihuang , Chen Yu , Zhang Jinfeng , Wu Fan , Wang Xiaofeng , Pan Ting , Wei Qiang , Hao Yanping , Chen Xuelian , Jiang Chunwu , Ji Kongshu
Published: March 2021

Transcription factors (TFs) play crucial regulatory roles in controlling the expression of the target genes in plants. APETALA2/Ethylene-responsive factors (AP2/ERF) are part of a large superfamily of plant-specific TFs whose members are involved in the control of plant metabolism, development and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the AP2/ERF superfamily has not been identified systematically in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana), which is one of the most important conifer in southern China. Therefore, we performed systematic identification of the AP2/ERF superfamily using transcriptome sequencing data from Masson pine. In the current study, we obtained 88 members of the AP2/ERF superfamily. All PmAP2/ERF members could be classified into 3 main families, AP2 (7 members), RAV (7 members), ERF (73 members) families, and a soloist protein. Subcellular localization assays suggested that two members of PmAP2/ERF were nuclear proteins. Based on pine wood nematode (PWN) inoculated transcriptome and qPCR analysis, we found that many members of PmAP2/ERF could respond to PWN inoculation and PWN related treatment conditions in vitro. In general, members of the AP2/ERF superfamily play an important role in the response of Masson pine responds to PWN. Furthermore, the roles of the AP2/ERF superfamily in other physiological activities of Masson pine remain to be further studied.
Soluble lanthanide-transition-metal clusters Ln36Co12 as effective molecular electrocatalysts for water oxidation
Authors: Chen Rong , Chen Chao-Long , Du Ming-Hao , Wang Xing , Wang Cheng , Long La-Sheng , Kong Xiang-Jian , Zheng Lan-Sun
Published: March 2021

The stable 48-metalLn36Co12clusters show an effective water oxidation activity under weak acidic conditions because of the synergistic effect between lanthanide and transition metals in O–O bond formation.
Competing hydrogen-bonding interactions in a high-Tc organic molecular-ionic crystal with evident nonlinear optical response
Authors: Xu Wen-Tao , Liu Jun-Chao , Zeng Yu-Ling , Zhang Hua , Wang Zhong-Xia
Published: March 2021

An organic molecular-ionic crystal of (TPPO–H)2SO4 exhibits moderate NLO response which is twice that of KDP and competing hydrogen-bonding interactions triggered high-Tc phase transition.
Mixed formamidinium–methylammonium lead iodide perovskite from first-principles: hydrogen-bonding impact on the electronic properties
Authors: Senno Maximiliano , Tinte Silvia
Published: March 2021

The mixture of organic cations: methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA) stabilizes the FAxMA1−xPbI3perovskites with respect to pure compounds by inducing tilts and deformations of the PbI6octahedra, and the energy of the I-5p⊥ bonded to H is reduced.
Expanding the photoresponse of multidimensional hybrid lead bromide perovskites into the visible region by incorporation of subphthalocyanine
Authors: García-Aboal Rocío , García Hermenegildo , Remiro-Buenamañana Sonia , Atienzar Pedro
Published: March 2021

A new approach to expand the photoresponse of hybrid lead bromide perovskites by incorporation of SubPc molecules in the interlayer space of the 2D structure.
Capillary forces drive buckling, plastic deformation, and break-up of 3D printed beams
Authors: O’Bryan Christopher S. , Brady-Miné Alexandria , Tessmann Crystal J. , Spotz Amanda M. , Angelini Thomas E.
Published: March 2021

Capillary forces acting at the interfaces of soft materials lead to elastic and plastic deformations and instabilities that result in buckling, coiling, and break-up of 3D printed beams.
Scalable synthesis and purification of functionalized graphene nanosheets for water remediation
Authors: Mantovani Sebastiano , Khaliha Sara , Favaretto Laura , Bettini Cristian , Bianchi Antonio , Kovtun Alessandro , Zambianchi Massimo , Gazzano Massimo , Casentini Barbara , Palermo Vincenzo , Melucci Manuela
Published: March 2021

PEI modified graphene oxide (GOPEI) is prepared by tandem MW amination–microfiltration and used for arsenic removal from water.
A phosphonium ylide as a visible light organophotoredox catalyst
Authors: Toda Yasunori , Tanaka Katsumi , Matsuda Riki , Sakamoto Tomoyuki , Katsumi Shiho , Shimizu Masahiro , Ito Fuyuki , Suga Hiroyuki
Published: March 2021

A phosphonium ylide behaves as a visible light organophotoredox catalyst, enabling an oxidative quenching cycle.
Alkali metal salts of a tetracyanopyridine (TCPy) derivative: structure characterization and luminescence properties
Authors: Chunikhin Sergey S. , Ershov Oleg V. , Yatsenko Alexandr V. , Tafeenko Viktor A. , Dmitrieva Natalia E. , Ievlev Mikhail Yu.
Published: March 2021

Only lithium cations among the metals of the IA group caused a blue-shift of solid-state photoluminescence of alkali metal salts of a tetracyanopyridine derivative due to the special features of the crystal packing.
Studies on gold(i) and gold(iii) alcohol functionalised NHC complexes
Authors: Jónsson Helgi Freyr , Orthaber Andreas , Fiksdahl Anne
Published: March 2021

The studies cover synthesis of chiral NHC pre-ligands; generation of Au(i)/Au(iii) NHC complexes; screening of catalytic ability and XRD characterization.
Fe-Induced electronic optimization of mesoporous Co–Ni oxide nanosheets as an efficient binder-free electrode for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Ju Jingjing , Lu Jiajia , Shi Xiaoyue , Zhu Hongwei , Liang Han-Pu
Published: March 2021

An efficient binder-free OER electrode CoNiFeOx/NF with mesoporous structure was synthesized by a facile strategy of hydrothermal method and post-annealing.
Crown ether–pillararene hybrid macrocyclic systems
Authors: Liu Zhaona , Zhang Huacheng , Han Jie
Published: March 2021

In this review, we will fully discuss the synthesis/preparation and applications of crown ether–pillararene hybrid macrocyclic systems/compounds.
Self-assembly of polymer-tethered nanoparticles with uniform and Janus surfaces in nanotubes
Authors: Sato Takumi , Kobayashi Yusei , Michioka Takenobu , Arai Noriyoshi
Published: March 2021

This study demonstrated that the morphologies of self-assembled polymer-tethered nanoparticles can be controlled by the chemical nature of the grafted polymers and the effects of nanospace confinement using coarse-grained molecular simulation.
Complex fluids in animal survival strategies
Authors: Rühs Patrick A. , Bergfreund Jotam , Bertsch Pascal , Gstöhl Stefan J. , Fischer Peter
Published: March 2021

Animals exploit flow phenomena by manipulating their habitat or by secreting complex fluids as survival strategies in response to constant selective pressure.
Probing stress relaxation behavior in glassy methacrylate networks containing thio-carbamate additives
Authors: Fugolin A. P. P. , Costa A. R. , Lewis S. H. , Goulart M. , Erhardt M. C. , Pfeifer C. S.
Published: March 2021

The incorporation of thiourethane prepolymer (TU) into either the organic phase or as a surface treatment for filler particles in composites reduces polymerization stress and improves fracture toughness.
Auxetic, flexible, and strain-tunable two-dimensional th-AlN for photocatalytic visible light water splitting with anisotropic high carrier mobility
Authors: Kilic Mehmet Emin , Lee Kwang-Ryeol
Published: March 2021

Tetrahexagonal AlN: a novel two-dimensional family for photocatalytic water splitting with exceptional mechanical, electronic, and optical properties.
Interferon characterization associates with asthma and is a potential biomarker of predictive diagnosis
Authors: Shu Hairong , Li Yong , Xu Hangyu , Yin Qing , Song Jianxin , Zheng Minqiao , Li He
Published: March 2021

Interferon (IFN) plays a role in immune and inflammation responses. However, the effect of IFN in asthma is still not fully clear. The present study was conducted to better understand the role of IFN signatures in asthma. Blood samples from case–control studies (study 1: 348 asthmas and 39 normal controls and validation study 2: 411 asthmas and 87 normal controls) were enrolled. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method was used to quantify the levels of 74 IFN signatures. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway function analysis were performed for functional analysis and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC) value was used to evaluate the diagnostic ability. In our work, IFN-γ response-DN, negative regulation of IFN-γ secretion, IFNG pathway, negative regulation of response to IFN-γ, and type 1 IFN biosynthetic process showed higher levels in asthma. Functional analysis demonstrated that pathway and biological process involved in IFN signaling pathway, regulation of type 1 IFN production and response to IFN-γ. Hub IFN-related genes were identified, and their combination as biomarker exhibited a good diagnostic capacity for asthma (AUC = 0.832). These findings offered more insight into the underlying mechanism of how IFN signatures affected asthma. The use of the easy-to-apply IFN-related genes might serve as a promising blood-based biomarker for early diagnosis of asthma.
Genetic diversity and population structure ofHemibagrus guttatus(Bagridae, Siluriformes) in the larger subtropical Pearl River based on COI and Cyt bgenes analysis
Authors: Kuang Tianxu , Shuai Fangmin , Li Xinhui , Chen Weitao , Lek Sovan
Published: March 2021

Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of fish species is crucial for the sustainable use and protection of fish germplasm resources.Hemibagrusguttatus(Bagridae, Siluriformes) is widely distributed in the large subtropical Pearl River (China) and is commercially important. It's population have been declining. The genetic diversity of wildH.guttatusis not clear, despite its important ecological significance. In this paper, genes mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb) were used to analyze the genetic structure ofH. guttatuspopulation collected from six geographical populations in the main streams of the Pearl River. The results showed that the nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype diversity (Hd) of wildH.guttatuswas low (π < 0.005; Hd < 0.5). In addition,H.guttatushaplotypes did not cluster into clades according to geographical distribution, as revealed by neighbor-joining tree analysis. Analysis of molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) and F-statistics (Fst) values showed high homogeneity among wildH.guttatuspopulations. Our results suggest that there is degradation in germplasm resources ofH.guttatusthat could destabilize the sustainable use of this species and there was an urgent need for conservation of this species in South China.
Application of Case Study Method in Teaching Students Specialized in Economics
Authors: Panteleeva Tatyana , Tikhonova Elena , Boykov Alexander
Published: March 2021

The article focuses on the role of interactive methods in teaching students of economic areas of training, in particular, on the example of the analysis of the introduction of the case method into the teaching methodology. The objectives of the study were to consider the features of modern schools in Europe in the use of the case method; to analyze approaches to the use of the method in foreign countries. The advantages of the case study method over other teaching methods are listed, and the importance of the method in the formation of necessary competencies in teaching students is determined. The article analyzes the experience of implementing the case method in the teaching of economic disciplines. The study reveals the main advantages of using European methods of using the case format in a Russian university. The article determines that the case method can be a powerful tool in the development of critical thinking in future economists. At the same time, the importance of a comprehensive approach when using the method under study is emphasized.
Benchmarking of University teachers’ professional development: successful European, Chinese, and Russian practices
Authors: Tregubova Tatiana
Published: March 2021

In the context of socio-pedagogical transformations of higher education organizations, the modernization of the system of teachers’ professional development becomes an integral component of the reforms. Today university teachers have to be ready for continuous development and advanced training throughout their lives. Thus, the study of the problem of university teachers’ professional development in Russia and abroad is very relevant and timely as a response to the modern requirements of civil society for the personality of the teacher. The need for professional development among university teachers is closely related to his (her) desire for more successful indicators in teaching activities. To do this, it is necessary to fulfill several pedagogical conditions, including the teacher's own awareness of the need for professional development; the interest of the university administration and the availability of resources to organize an effective professional development system, etc. The purpose of the article is to show some successful practices of the teachers’ professional development in Russian, Chinese and European universities which the author observed while visiting those universities within the realization the project “Enhancing teaching practice in the universities of Russia and China”. The article presents the possibilities of benchmarking in higher education, in particular, the use of the benchmarking technology as a method of studying the effective practices of organizing the teachers’ professional development in a modern university.
Effectiveness of traditional and online learning: comparative analysis from the student perspective
Authors: Makarova Elena
Published: March 2021

The article discusses challenges of effective learning in classroom and online environments from the student perspective. The aim of the study is to analyse university students’ perception of advantages and disadvantages of digital education. The article presents comparative analysis of traditional classroom and online academic environments as viewed by first- and second-year Russian students majoring in management and economics. The study is a questionnaire-based research. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied to achieve study’s objectives. Special attention was paid to the analysis of students’ perception of a modern university teacher role in the classroom and online settings. The findings prove positive attitude of the respondents to digital learning and showed students’ awareness of the barriers to effective distance learning, including their laziness and inability to concentrate. The research results can help practitioners and educators better understand students’ learning needs and assist them in achieving academic success.
Programmes design for teachers’ professional development as a way of organizational development for the human’s capital of the university
Authors: Gilmeeva Rimma , Shibankova Liutsiia
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the article is caused due to the importance of teacher’s professionalism in achieving success of university’s educational activity, and quality of higher education which defines the need for teacher’s continuous professional growth in higher school according to the pedagogical career strategy. It is determined by teacher’s individual needs and abilities, as well as the inquiries of the university. The leading role in the complex of training materials for additional professional education belongs to additional programmes of teachers’ professional development. The purpose of the article is to design additional programmes for teachers’ professional development and to identify the criteria for their efficiency. Packages of modular-based programmes, stages for design of the program for teachers’ professional development, characteristics of modular-based educational programmes, groups of quality criteria for the additional program for teachers’ professional development and a matrix of an expert assessment of programmes for teachers’ professional development (online mode) within external expertise are presented in the article. The authors emphasize the special role of personnel’s potential in the system of additional professional education. The article is intended for scientists, teachers, experts of the system of additional professional education, post-graduate students and students.
Quality assurance of higher education in chemistry in Russia taking into account international trends in the context of the cognitive paradigm
Authors: Kamaleeva Alsu , Gilmanshina Suriya
Published: March 2021

In the process of organizing chemistry education, it is important to understand that in the context of the introduction of the cognitive paradigm of education under the conditions of modern generating of chemical knowledge, the system of additional education as a universal form of development leads each student to a new, better state. Within the framework of a new approach to the organization of a purposeful process of teaching and upbringing by means of providing educational services by the implementation of additional educational programs, information and educational activities outside the main educational programs in the interests of students on the basis of the Kazan Federal University, author's electronic educational resources and digitized programs of additional education were developed and tested on the example of theoretical and experimental teaching at the Small Chemical Institute of the University. A survey of chemistry teachers working in schools in the city of Kazan or the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as graduates - future chemistry teachers showed that 97% of respondents use the possibilities of the system of additional chemistry education. The structure and logic of the implementation of the proposed programs expand the ability to use logical thinking operations in teaching, such as synthesis, analysis, analogy, comparison, generalization and systematization, and are aimed at forming students' understanding of a single chemical picture of the world, its materiality and the reasons for the diversity of the natural science world.
Storage Time of Cryopreserved Embryos and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ma Yuanlin , Liu Xiaochen , Shi Gaohui , Liu Yongxiang , Zhou Shurui , Hou Wenhui , Xu Yanwen
Published: March 2021

Purpose Cryopreservation techniques have become an essential part of assisted reproduction technology. Embryos may be cryopreserved for several years before transfer, and the safety of long-term cryopreservation needs to be considered. This dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate whether there were dose-response relationships between the storage time of cryopreserved embryos and pregnancy outcomes such as survival rate, implantation rate, miscarriage rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and congenital malformation rate.

Methods After searching the databases PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CCRT and related reviews up until June 4, 2020, seven studies were included for analysis. Two reviewers extracted the relevant information and independently assessed the study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Potential linear or non-linear dose-response relationships were assessed with a random-effect dose-response meta-analysis.

Results No dose-response association was found between duration of embryo cryostorage and survival rate, implantation rate, miscarriage rate, clinical pregnancy rate or congenital malformation rate.

Conclusion The interval between the start of embryo cryopreservation and frozen/thawed embryo transfer does not influence pregnancy outcomes.
New Pyrrolobenzoxazine Sesquiterpenoid Derivatives from the Fungus Talaromyces trachyspermus
Authors: Chaiyosang Boonyanoot , Kanokmedhakul Kwanjai , Soytong Kasem , Poeaim Supattra , Soytong Mayamor , Hadsadee Sarinya , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Yahuafai Jantana , Siripong Pongpun , Kanokmedhakul Somdej
Published: March 2021

Three new pyrrolobenzoxazine sesquiterpenoids, talatrachyoxazines A – C (1 – 3), together with fourteen known compounds (4 – 17), were isolated from the fungus Talaromyces trachyspermus EU23. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic evidence and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations of 1 – 3 were determined by NOESY data and comparison of their calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against HelaS3, KB, HT-29, MCF-7, and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 7, 11, 10, 12, and 10 µM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 14 showed weak antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, while 1 – 3 and 14 showed weak antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, compound 1 showed weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
A Glimpse and Perspective of Current Organosilicon Chemistry from the View of Hydrosilylation and Synthesis of Silicon-Stereogenic Silanes
Authors: Xu Li-Wen , Ye Fei
Published: March 2021

Silicon and its related organosilicon chemistry has become a mainstay in synthetic chemistry as they can participate in numerous organic transformations. Due to space limitations, this perspective is focused on a glimpse of current organosilicon chemistry from the view of catalytic hydrosilylation and synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silanes. The progress of the two topics fully illustrates that organosilicon chemistry has become a hot research field in recent years and will play a greater role in academic research and industrial applications of silicon element in the future.

1 Introduction

2 Hydrosilylation

3 Catalytic Constructions of Silicon-Stereogenic Centers

4 Conclusion and Perspective
Sulfur-Mediated Reactions through Sulfonium Salts and Ylides
Authors: Li Pingfan
Published: March 2021

This Account discusses several new reaction methods developed in our group that utilize sulfur-mediated reactions through sulfonium salts and ylides, highlighting the interplay of rational design and serendipity. Our initial goal was to convert aliphatic C–H bonds into C–C bonds site-selectively, and without the use of transition-metal catalysts. While a proof-of-concept has been achieved, this target is far from being ideally realized. The unexpected discovery of an anti-Markovnikov rearrangement and subsequent studies on difunctionalization of alkynes were much more straightforward, and eventually led to the new possibility of asymmetric N–H insertion of sulfonium ylides through Brønsted acid catalysis.

1 Introduction

2 Allylic/Propargylic C–H Functionalization

3 Anti-Markovnikov Rearrangement

4 Difunctionalization of Alkynes

5 Asymmetric N–H Insertion of Sulfonium Ylides

6 Conclusion
Rhinoplasty as an Adjunct to Facial Rejuvenation
Authors: Hamilton Grant S.
Published: March 2021

Rhinoplasty typically is not considered a part of the repertoire facial rejuvenation surgery but the same involutional changes that affect the other structures of the face also impact the nose and midface. Comparatively little has been written about nasal rejuvenation. Rhinoplasty may be an under-recognized but a useful adjunct to the rejuvenation of the aging face. The aging nose presents unique pathology due to the involutional changes that affect the cartilage and supporting structures. A comprehensive facial rejuvenation plan should address these progressive effects.
Tunable interdot coupling in few-electron bilayer graphene double quantum dots
Authors: Banszerus L. , Rothstein A. , Icking E. , Möller S. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Stampfer C. , Volk C.
Published: March 2021

We present a highly controllable double quantum dot device based on bilayer graphene. Using a device architecture of interdigitated gate fingers, we can control the interdot tunnel coupling between 1 and 4 GHz and the mutual capacitive coupling between 0.2 and 0.6 meV, independent of the charge occupation of the quantum dots. The charging energy and, hence, the dot size remain nearly unchanged. The tuning range of the tunnel coupling covers the operating regime of typical silicon and GaAs spin qubit devices.
Thin film growth of heavy fermion chiral magnet YbNi3Al9
Authors: Shishido Hiroaki , Okumura Akira , Saimyoji Tatsuya , Nakamura Shota , Ohara Shigeo , Togawa Yoshihiko
Published: March 2021

We grew thin films of a heavy fermion chiral magnet YbNi3Al9 by using molecular beam epitaxy. They were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates under ultra-high vacuum while maintaining a deposition rate at a stoichiometric ratio among Yb, Ni, and Al. The resulting thin films contain epitaxial grains with the c axis parallel to the substrate surface: The YbNi3Al9 c axis is parallel to the sapphire b or a axis. The temperature dependence of the resistivity exhibits a typical feature of a dense Kondo system with a broad shoulder structure at ∼40 K, as well as a kink as a signature of the chiral helimagnetic ordering at 3.6 K. These features are consistent with those previously observed in bulk samples. The shift in the kink associated with the field-induced phase transition is found in the magnetoresistance curves under a magnetic field applied in the direction perpendicular to the c-axis. The magnetic phase diagram well reproduces that for the bulk crystals, implying that the chiral soliton lattice phase arises under magnetic fields, even in thin films.
Nonlinear domain wall velocity in ferroelectric Si-doped HfO2 thin film capacitors
Authors: Lim So Yeon , Park Min Sun , Kim Ahyoung , Yang Sang Mo
Published: March 2021

We investigate the nonlinear response of the domain wall velocity (v) to an external electric field (Eext) in ferroelectric Si-doped HfO2 thin film capacitors using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and switching current measurements. We verified the reliability of the PFM images of ferroelectric domain switching by comparing the switched volume fraction in the PFM images with the time-dependent normalized switched polarization from the switching current data. Using consecutive time-dependent PFM images, we measured the velocity of the pure lateral domain wall motion at various Eext. The Eext-dependent v values closely follow the nonlinear dynamic response of elastic objects in a disordered medium. The thermally activated creep and flow regimes were observed based on the magnitude of Eext. With a dynamic exponent of μ = 1, our thin film was found to have random-field defects, which is consistent with the Lorentzian distribution of characteristic switching time that was indicated in the switching current data.
High-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass: Hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics integration via numerical modeling
Authors: Gaona Adriana , Lawryshyn Yuri , Saville Bradley A.
Published: March 2021

This study presents a novel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate important aspects of the complex high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis (HSEH) process. The uniqueness of this CFD model lies in integrating the biochemical reaction taking place in the secondary phase and the corresponding mass transfer of the products from the secondary phase to the non-Newtonian primary phase, while dual axial impellers blend the multiphase system. The distribution of the reactants and products in the non-Newtonian primary phase affects the overall conversion of glucan to glucose, which, in turn, affects the commercial deployment of these systems for the production of renewable sugars. We investigated the effect of slurry viscosity on insoluble and soluble solids distribution, the impact of initial insoluble solids loading on total solids distribution, and varying the initial chemical composition of the insoluble solids on the total solids distribution. The comprehensive CFD model results show that variations in the chemical composition of the insoluble solids and the solids loading can each have a pronounced effect on the distribution of solids. This behavior would then affect the rate and extent of conversion of insoluble solids to soluble solids. Thus, the comprehensive CFD model can account for the interactions between independent variables, facilitating the design of small and large-scale reactors, while improving the conversion of insoluble solids to soluble solids. This novel CFD model thus represents the combined effects of key factors that influence HSEH in a realistic process environment.
Enabling large memory window and high reliability for FeFET memory by integrating AlON interfacial layer
Authors: Peng Hao-Kai , Chan Chi-Yu , Chen Kuen-Yi , Wu Yung-Hsien
Published: March 2021

A thin film of AlON with a nitrogen concentration of 13% was developed as the interfacial layer (IL) of HfZrOx-based ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) memory devices on a Si substrate. Compared to the conventional SiO2/SiON IL, due to a higher dielectric constant value that allows a smaller voltage drop across it and a larger valence band offset (ΔEv) with respect to Si along with prominent passivation of Si dangling bonds that effectively suppress hole trapping, memory devices with the AlON IL demonstrate a large memory window (MW) of 3.12 V by ±4 V gate voltage sweeping, robust endurance after 105 cycles with a long pulse width of 10−4 s, and a stable MW of 2.95 V up to 10 years, standing out from other HfZrOx-based FeFET memory reported in the literature. Furthermore, the AlON IL can be integrated with HfZrOx in the same atomic layer deposition step, which greatly simplifies the process. From the device performance and process integration points of view, the AlON IL unleashes the potential of FeFET memory by enabling high reliability with a large MW.