bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A general method to construct invariant PDEs on homogeneous manifolds
Authors: Alekseevsky Dmitri V. , Gutt Jan , Manno Gianni , Moreno Giovanni
Published: November 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text]-dimensional homogeneous manifold and [Formula: see text] be the manifold of [Formula: see text]-jets of hypersurfaces of [Formula: see text]. The Lie group [Formula: see text] acts naturally on each [Formula: see text]. A [Formula: see text]-invariant partial differential equation of order [Formula: see text] for hypersurfaces of [Formula: see text] (i.e., with [Formula: see text] independent variables and [Formula: see text] dependent one) is defined as a [Formula: see text]-invariant hypersurface [Formula: see text]. We describe a general method for constructing such invariant partial differential equations for [Formula: see text]. The problem reduces to the description of hypersurfaces, in a certain vector space, which are invariant with respect to the linear action of the stability subgroup [Formula: see text] of the [Formula: see text]-prolonged action of [Formula: see text]. We apply this approach to describe invariant partial differential equations for hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space [Formula: see text] and in the conformal space [Formula: see text]. Our method works under some mild assumptions on the action of [Formula: see text], namely: A1) the group [Formula: see text] must have an open orbit in [Formula: see text], and A2) the stabilizer [Formula: see text] of the fiber [Formula: see text] must factorize via the group of translations of the fiber itself.
Skew cyclic codes over 𝔽4R
Authors: Benbelkacem Nasreddine , Ezerman Martianus Frederic , Abualrub Taher , Aydin Nuh , Batoul Aicha
Published: November 2020

This paper considers a new alphabet set, which is a ring that we call [Formula: see text], to construct linear error-control codes. Skew cyclic codes over this ring are then investigated in details. We define a nondegenerate inner product and provide a criteria to test for self-orthogonality. Results on the algebraic structures lead us to characterize [Formula: see text]-skew cyclic codes. Interesting connections between the image of such codes under the Gray map to linear cyclic and skew-cyclic codes over [Formula: see text] are shown. These allow us to learn about the relative dimension and distance profile of the resulting codes. Our setup provides a natural connection to DNA codes where additional biomolecular constraints must be incorporated into the design. We present a characterization of [Formula: see text]-skew cyclic codes which are reversible complement.
L16 Orthogonal Array-Based Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling for Cutting Force and Chip Formation Analysis During Dry Machining of Ti–6Al–4V
Authors: Shetty Raviraj , Kumar Sanjeev , Mallagi Ravindra , Keni Laxmikanth
Published: November 2020

The outstanding characteristics of titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) have made this material applicable in aerospace and medical components. However, due to its poor machinability characteristics, researchers are forced to understand the machinability behavior of Ti–6Al–4V. In this paper, [Formula: see text] orthogonal array-based three-dimensional finite element modeling for the cutting force and chip formation analysis during the machining of Ti–6Al–4V using cubic boron nitride tool in dry turning environment has been investigated. The finite element simulation was performed using ANSYS Workbench, version 19.0. Cutting force and chip formation were investigated using the results obtained from [Formula: see text] orthogonal array-based three-dimensional finite element modeling. This research would help to identify the optimum cutting conditions and minimize the cutting force followed by analyzing the types of chips formed during machining under the selected set of cutting conditions.
A Mathematical Model for the Sustainable Design of a Cellular Manufacturing System in the Tactical Planning of a Closed-Loop Supply Chain Featuring Alternative Routings and Outsourcing Option
Authors: Telegraphi Amirreza Hooshyar , Bulgak Akif Asil
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a new mathematical model is presented for a cellular manufacturing system into tactical planning of a closed-loop supply chain to build a sustainable manufacturing enterprise. On the manufacturing side of the model, a comprehensive cellular manufacturing system is designed considering dynamic cell configuration, alternative process routings, lot splitting, sequence of operations, multiple units of identical machines, machine capacity, machine adjacency requirements, and cell size limits. On the closed-loop supply chain side of the model, different activities are considered including acquiring returned products, setting up the system for the implementation of disassembly operations, inventory holding of the returned products, remanufacturing the parts having high quality, and disposing of the returned products that cannot be economically recovered. The mathematical model in this paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first model reducing the total costs of the cellular manufacturing system while considering the alternative process routings and subcontracting of the part demands. A detailed economic analysis is done on the large-sized example problem of the mathematical model to investigate the impacts of adopting different production policies such as internal production, inventory holding, and subcontracting as well as different manufacturing attributes such as dynamic reconfiguration and alternative process routings. The mathematical model is also solved for different instances to investigate the effects of incorporating subcontracting, alternative process routings, and dynamic reconfigurations in the model. Sensitivity analyses are also conducted to investigate the effects of the recovery rate of returned products on the objective function value and the number of returned products to be acquired. The effect of taking alternative process routings into consideration on the objective function value is also investigated.
Experimental Study on the Bending of a Polyamide Tube Using High-Power Ultrasound
Authors: Montes D. , Janer M. , Caminati R. , Plantà X.
Published: November 2020

Ultrasonic tube forming is an innovative and promising technology that could replace the conventional thermoforming process for plastic automotive tubes. This process allows for the forming of extruded tubes four times faster, with a substantial increase in energy efficiency. This research focuses on the experimental study of this innovative process and its comparison to the conventional thermoforming in a hot air table. A prototype has been designed and assembled to study the main process variables that are significant to the forming result. A complete design of experiments (DOE) has been applied to quantify the effect of each process parameter, thereby obtaining a mathematical model that allows for the prediction of the curvature angle for a specific parameter combination. It has been concluded that the application of ultrasonic cycles, with short cooling cycles in between, is the best option, in comparison to a continuous application. The amplitude of vibration, ultrasonic time for the cycle, and number of cycles have proven to be the most significant variables of the process. Furthermore, the cooling time between cycles and the position of the squares for the initial bending angle are also important parameters that can be set up to refine the result. Quality control tests related to material degradation and geometry have been passed successfully, showing a high stability of the results. Consequently, this new process has a promising place in the future of plastic tube forming.
Buried (drift-filled) hollows in London – a review of their location and key characteristics
Authors: Flynn A.L. , Collins P.E.F. , Skipper J. A. , Pickard T. , Koor N. , Reading P. , Davis J. A.
Published: November 2020

This paper compiles new and existing information relating to features frequently referred to as drift-filled hollows located within London. The key aim of this paper is to update the article written by
Berry (1979, ‘Late Quaternary scour-hollows and related features in central London’,
QJEG
,
12
, 9–29,
https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1979.012.01.03
), producing a resource for both engineering projects and academic research. Fifty-four additional drift-filled hollows have been identified and their physical characteristics are tabulated where available information allows. A case study of the Nine Elms area is presented. The drift-filled hollows have been identified through examination and critical, quality assessment of historical borehole records, site investigation records, construction records and published articles. This enlarged dataset illustrates the high level of variability between features and, as a result, it is proposed that these features did not form due to a single process, but to differing processes.
Water well acidization revisited: includes oil and geothermal well perspectives
Authors: Charalambous Andreas N.
Published: November 2020

Borehole acidization has two objectives: to remove drilling damage at the well face and to enhance formation permeability. Acid applications have been mainly on carbonates, granitic and metamorphic rocks in geothermal wells and on sandstones in oil and gas wells. In geothermal wells, acidizations have been especially useful in removing accumulated scale deposits. Hydrochloric acid is the most commonly used as it has a high dissolving power, a lower cost and is relatively easy to handle. It reacts easily with carbonates but not with silicates in sandstones for which a mixture of hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid is used. There are no known water well acidizations with hydrofluoric acid. Acidization of limestone water wells with hydrochloric acid has been generally successful in naturally fractured rock with productivity improvements of two or more times the original yield. Second and third acidizations can enhance yields further and are usually economically justifiable. Water well acidizations may benefit from higher injection rates than is currently practised. Acid fracturing is widely used in the oil and gas industry. In water wells it may prove useful in hard crystalline limestones, but not in soft low strength carbonates, such as UK Chalk.
An Efficient Electrochemical Tanks-in-Series Model for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Parke Caitlin D. , Subramaniam Akshay , Kolluri Suryanarayana , Schwartz Daniel T. , Subramanian Venkat R.
Published: November 2020

This article applies and efficiently implements the Tanks-in-Series methodology (J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 013534 (2020)) to generate a computationally efficient electrochemical model for Lithium-Sulfur batteries. The original Tank model approach for Lithium-ion batteries is modified to account for porosity changes with time. In addition, an exponential scaling method is introduced that enables efficient simulation of the model equations to address the wide range of time constants present for different reactions in the Lithium-Sulfur system. The Tank Model achieves acceptable voltage error even for transport-limited discharged conditions. Predictions of internal electrochemical variables are examined, and electrochemical implications of the approximations discussed. This suggests significant potential for real-time applications such as optimal charging, cell-balancing, and estimation, and represents a step forward in efforts to incorporate detailed electrochemical models in advanced Battery Management Systems for Lithium-Sulfur batteries.
Local Inhibition by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole of Early Stage Intergranular Corrosion of Copper
Authors: Sharma Sagar B. , Maurice Vincent , Klein Lorena H. , Marcus Philippe
Published: November 2020

Corrosion inhibition by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) at the surface termination of various types of grain boundaries (GBs) was studied at the nanometer scale on microcrystalline copper in HCl acid solution using in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM). Macroscopic electrochemical analysis by cyclic voltammetry showed highly effective inhibition of Cu(I) active dissolution blocked by MBT pre-adsorption in a potential range of 0.15–0.2 V. ECSTM analysis of the initial stages of intergranular corrosion confirmed the mitigation of net intergranular dissolution by the pre-adsorbed MBT surface layer but also revealed the local accumulation of reaction products in the GB regions. For Coincidence Site Lattice boundaries other than coherent twins, intergranular dissolution, mitigated by the pre-adsorbed MBT layer, and protection by intergranular formation of a film of reaction products were observed. For random GBs, protection by reaction products was dominant, in agreement with their more reactive intrinsic character, generating more Cu(I) ions under anodic polarization and thus promoting the formation of a protective film of reaction products. Coherent twins did not show preferential intergranular reactivity compared to adjacent grains, indicating equally strong efficiency than on grains. These results bring new insight on how inhibition operates locally at various types of GBs.
Sarcolipin haploinsufficiency prevents dystrophic cardiomyopathy in mdx mice
Authors: Mareedu Satvik , Pachon Ronald , Thilagavathi Jayapalraj , Fefelova Nadezhda , Balakrishnan Rekha , Niranjan Nandita , Xie Lai-Hua , Babu Gopal J.
Published: November 2020

First, reducing sarcopolin (SLN) expression improves sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and intracellular Ca2+ handling and prevents cardiomyopathy in mdx mice. Second, reducing SLN expression prevents diastolic dysfunction and improves cardiac contractility in mdx mice Third, reducing SLN expression activates apelin-mediated cardioprotective signaling pathways in mdx heart.
Finite Element Analysis of Shock Absorption of Porous Soles Established by Grasshopper and UG Secondary Development
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Yue Yong , Wu Xuyang , Hao Yanhua , Lu Yong
Published: November 2020

On the basis of computer aided modeling technology, this paper proposes a porous structure modeling method based on Grasshopper visual programming language and Unigraphics NX (UG) secondary development platform. The finite element model of the foot was established, and then models of shoe soles with four basic porous structures of cross, diamond, star, and x were established. Each structure was set with a cylindrical radius of 1, 2, and 3 mm, and a total of 12 porous structure sole models were established. The shock absorption effect of the sole on the foot was evaluated by the deformation of the sole, the peak plantar pressure, and the peak stress of metatarsal bones. It is found that the maximum value of the sole deformation of the diamond porous sole is 4.725 mm, the peak plantar pressure is 105.1 Pa, and the first and second metatarsal peak pressures are 2.230 MPa and 3.407 MPa, which have the best shock absorption effect. It shows that the porous structure plays an important role in the cushioning of the sole. The biomechanical effects of porous soles on feet are studied by computer-aided technology and finite element analysis. This study provides a new research method for the cushioning design of shoe soles and has important reference value for the design of footwear.
Ellagic Acid Protects Dopamine Neurons via Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Microglia
Authors: He Xue-mei , Zhou Yan-zhen , Sheng Shuo , Li Jing-jie , Wang Guo-qing , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2020

Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathological process of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was highly located in microglia and involved in the process of neuroinflammation. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been confirmed to contribute to the progression of PD. Thus, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation could be an important breakthrough point on PD therapy. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol that has been widely found in soft fruits, nuts, and other plant tissues with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, the mechanisms underlying EA-mediated anti-inflammation and neuroprotection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced rat dopamine (DA) neuronal damage model was performed to determine the effects of EA on the protection of DA neurons. In addition, the DA neuronal MN9D cell line and microglial BV-2 cell line were employed to explore whether EA-mediated neuroprotection was through an NLRP3-dependent mechanism. Results indicated that EA ameliorated LPS-induced DA neuronal loss in the rat substantia nigra. Further, inhibition of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation was involved in EA-generated neuroprotection, as evidenced by the following observations. First, EA reduced NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation in microglia and subsequent proinflammatory cytokines’ excretion. Second, EA-mediated antineuroinflammation and further DA neuroprotection from LPS-induced neurotoxicity were not shown upon microglial NLRP3 siRNA treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that EA has a profound effect on protecting DA neurons against LPS-induced neurotoxicity via the suppression of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Acute Iatrogenic Agranulocytosis: A Rare and Dire Case of an Adverse Drug Reaction to Be Aware
Authors: André Diogo , Caldeira Mónica , Gouveia Fabiana , Nascimento Rafael , Chaves António , Brazão Maria
Published: November 2020

Background. Iatrogenic agranulocytosis (IA), by nonchemotherapeutic drugs, is a rare adverse event, resulting in a neutrophil count under 0.5 × 109 cells/L with fever or other suggestive signs of infection. Methods. This paper discusses the possible mechanisms responsible for agranulocytosis induced by nonchemotherapeutic drugs. It also describes three cases as well as potential ways to handle such iatrogenic situations. Conclusion. Neutropenia under 0.1 × 109 cells/L predispose patients to potentially fatal infections. Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic and hematopoietic growth factors may be helpful in shortening hospitalization and prevent further infectious complications. Not all drugs associated with IA require frequent hematological monitoring, except medications such as clozapine, ticlopidine, and antithyroids.
The Influence of Solvent, Host, and Phenological Stage on the Yield, Chemical Composition, and Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) S. Balle
Authors: Feudjio Césaire , Yameen Muhammad Arfat , Singor Njateng Guy Sedar , Khan Muhammed Ahsan , Lacmata Tamekou Stephen , Simo Mpetga James Deke , Kuiate Jules-Roger
Published: November 2020

Phragmanthera capitata was reported to possess many biological properties making it a good candidate for the formulation of a phytomedicine with multiple effects. In this work, we studied some factors likely to modify these therapeutic properties with the aim to contribute to its standardization as an improved traditional medicine. P. capitata parasitizing Persea americana, Psidium guajava, and Podocarpus mannii were harvested at three phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages). The extracts were prepared by maceration in n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and distilled water. The total phenolic, flavonoid, flavonol, and tannin contents were measured using appropriate methods. The antioxidant potential of extracts was investigated using TAC, DPPH scavenging, and FRAP methods. The α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities of extracts were determined using enzymatic methods. The ethyl acetate extracts with the best phenolic content were subjected to HPLC analysis. The extraction yields were higher with methanol. The ethyl acetate extract of P. capitata harvested from P. guajava showed a stable HPLC profile during the development of the plant, while extracts from the plant collected from P. americana and P. mannii showed both qualitative and quantitative variations according to phonological stages of the plant. The inhibition of α‐amylase was more pronounced for P. capitata harvested from P. guajava, decreasing during flowering and fruiting, while inhibition of α‐glucosidase was not influenced by the phenological stage and the host of the plant. The α‐amylase inhibitors were better extracted by ethyl acetate and those of α‐glucosidase by ethanol or methanol. The phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of the extracts were influenced by the phenological stage of P. capitata and its hosts. These results suggest that it is preferable to harvest P. capitata during flowering or during fruiting stages on any host. None of the used solvents permitted an optimal extraction of active principles form P. capitata, suggesting that the mixture of solvents must be considered in further studies.
Toxicological Investigations of Aristolochia longa Root Extracts
Authors: El Omari Nasreddine , El Blidi Omar , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Sayah Karima , Bakrim Saad , Fettach Saad , Tahri Rajae , Taghzouti Khalid , Chokairi Omar , Barkiyou Malika
Published: November 2020

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is an herbaceous plant recognized in alternative medicine for its many therapeutic virtues. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacotoxicological effects of this plant in order to ensure safe clinical use. The oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of A. longa roots was performed in vivo on Wistar rats at doses of 0.8, 1.25, 2, 2.5, and 5 g/kg/day for 21 days. Clinical signs were observed throughout the experimental period, followed by measurement of body weight change, while selected biochemical parameters, as well as relative organ weights and the histology of liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues, were evaluated after 6, 11, and 16 days and then at the end of 21 days of daily administration. At repeated doses for 21 days, the extract contributed to significant weight gain, in both control and treated rats. The global analysis of hepatic and renal biomarkers showed a significant increase between control and different doses of the extract, from the first to the third week of treatment, indicating the likely toxic effect of the extract on liver and kidney function. Organ toxicity was confirmed by histopathological examination, which revealed greater renal and hepatic parenchymal changes in animals treated with a high dose beyond the 16th day. At the end of the treatment, relatively small size of intestinal villi was also observed. It was concluded that ALAE has a low toxicity potential in nonprolonged oral administrations. However, at high chronic oral doses, A. longa appears to have significant toxicity on the organs tested.
The Classification of the Persistent Infection Risk for Human Papillomavirus among HIV‐Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men: Trajectory Model Analysis
Authors: Huang Bingxue , Wang Duolao , Papamichael Christiana , Tian Tian , Tuo Xiaoqing , Ainiwaer Abidan , Sang Guoyao , Mahan Yeledan , Zhang Zhanlin , Gong Zheng , Zhang Fadong , Dai Jianghong
Published: November 2020

Objective. To classify the infection risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) among human immunodeficiency virus‐ (HIV‐) negative men who have sex with men (MSM) using group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM). Methods. This study collected data on demographic and sexual behavior characteristics by questionnaires at semiannual visits from March 1st, 2016 to December 31th, 2017. Researchers collected anal exfoliated cells to finish HPV testing and blood samples to finish HIV testing at baseline and follow‐up visits. Accumulative infection numbers of different types of HPV as the primary outcome and the follow‐up visits as the independent predicator to build a GBTM model. Results. There were 500 potentially eligible HIV‐negative participants at baseline, 361 (72.2%) of whom were included in this study after screening. Three trajectory groups were identified as the best‐fitted GBTM model. Trajectory 1, defined as decreased group (DG) accounted for 44.6% (161/361) of the sample, showed a declining pattern with visits. Trajectory 2, defined as flat group (FG) accounted for 49.6% (179/361) of the sample, showed a flat pattern with visits. Trajectory 3, regarded as the increased group (IG) accounted for 5.8% (21/361) of the sample, showed an uptrend. Compared to the DG, risk factors for the FG included receptive anal intercourse (AOR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.36‐3.71), occasional condom use in anal sex during the past six months (AOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.16‐3.14), experience of transactional sex with males in the past year (AOR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.12‐11.54), and substance use (AOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.08‐3.04). Risk factors for the IG included receptive anal intercourse (AOR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.04‐7.70), occasional condom use in anal sex during the past six months (AOR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.40‐11.01), and history of other STIs (AOR, 5.72; 95% CI, 1.40‐23.46). Conclusion. The MSM data in this study showed three distinct developmental trajectories (DG, FG, and IG) of HPV infection among HIV‐negative MSM, with receptive anal intercourse and occasional condom use in anal sex during the past six months being the risk factors associated with FG and IG.
Visual Experience-Based Question Answering with Complex Multimodal Environments
Authors: Kim Incheol
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes a novel visual experience-based question answering problem (VEQA) and the corresponding dataset for embodied intelligence research that requires an agent to do actions, understand 3D scenes from successive partial input images, and answer natural language questions about its visual experiences in real time. Unlike the conventional visual question answering (VQA), the VEQA problem assumes both partial observability and dynamics of a complex multimodal environment. To address this VEQA problem, we propose a hybrid visual question answering system, VQAS, integrating a deep neural network-based scene graph generation model and a rule-based knowledge reasoning system. The proposed system can generate more accurate scene graphs for dynamic environments with some uncertainty. Moreover, it can answer complex questions through knowledge reasoning with rich background knowledge. Results of experiments using a photo-realistic 3D simulated environment, AI2-THOR, and the VEQA benchmark dataset prove the high performance of the proposed system.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Zn(II) and Cd(II) Schiff Base Complexes as Antimicrobial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Aljahdali Mutlaq S. , El-Sherif Ahmed A.
Published: November 2020

(E)-N,N-Dimethyl-2-((E-1-(2-(p-tolyl)hydrazono)propan-2-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (DMPTHP) and their Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Different tools of analysis such as elemental analyses, IR, mass spectra, and 1H-NMR measurements were used to elucidate the structure of the synthesized compounds. According to these spectral results, the DMPTHP ligand behaved as a mononegatively charged tridentate anion. Modeling and docking studies were investigated and discussed. Novel Schiff base (DMPTHP) ligand protonation constants and their formation constants with Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions were measured in 50% DMSO solution at 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C at I = 0.1 mol·dm−3 NaNO3. The solution speciation of different species was measured in accordance with pH. Calculation and discussion of the thermodynamic parameters were achieved. Both log K1 and –ΔH1, for M(II)-thiosemicarbazone complexes were found to be somewhat larger than log K2 and –ΔH2, demonstrating a shift in the dentate character of DMPTHP from tridentate in 1 : 1 chelates to bidentate in 1 : 2; M : L chelates and steric hindrance were generated by addition of the 2nd molecule. The compounds prepared have significant activity as antioxidants, similar to ascorbic acid. It is hoped that the results will be beneficial to antimicrobial agent chemistry. The formed compounds acted as a potent antibacterial agent. Molecular docking studies were investigated and have proved that DMPTHP as antibacterial agents act on highly resistant strains of E. coli and also as an anticancer agent.
Determination of Contact Stiffness and Damping of a Tie-Bolt Rotor with Interference Fits Using Model Updating with Thin-Layer Elements
Authors: Li Pu , Yuan Qi
Published: November 2020

Tie-bolt rotors are commonly applied in aeroengines and gas turbines, and interference fits ensure accurate positioning for disk assembling. This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the stiffness and damping properties of a tie-bolt rotor with interference fits under different preloads. An FE model incorporating thin-layer elements is used to carry out model updating to predict the contact stiffness and damping characteristics. A two-step model updating approach of the tie-bolt rotor using the response surface optimization is implemented. Finally, a quasistatic FE simulation concerning the interference fits and sensitivity analysis is performed to validate the experimental results. Press fit induces a bilinear contact stiffness. Also, modal damping demonstrates a more sensitive and nonmonotonic behavior versus preload.
Dentin-Derived Inorganic Minerals Promote the Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Applications for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Lei Gang , Wang Yanqiu , Yu Yan , Li Zehan , Lu Jiamin , Ge Xingyun , Li Na , Manduca Ana Gloria Cuba , Yu Jinhua
Published: November 2020

Background. Oral and maxillofacial bone loss is highly prevalent among populations, and nowadays, increased attention has been focused on dentin derivatives serving as desirable graft materials for bone regeneration. In this study, dentin-derived inorganic mineral (DIM) was fabricated with a high-temperature calcination technique and the effects of DIM on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and the bone formation were elucidated. Methods. The effects of DIM on BMMSC proliferation and apoptosis capacity were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and EdU assays. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and osteogenic marker expression analysis were performed to investigate the influence of DIM on the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs, as well as the relevant signal mechanisms. The model of critical-sized defects in the calvarium of rats was constructed for exploring the in vivo efficiency of DIM on bone regeneration. Results. Cell viability assays indicated that DIM had no cytotoxicity. BMMSCs cultured with DIM presented a higher level of osteogenic differentiation ability than those in the control group. The activation in ERK and p38 signals was detected in DIM-treated BMMSCs, and both pathways and osteogenic process were suppressed while using ERK inhibitor U0126 and p38 inhibitor SB203580, respectively. Furthermore, the animal experiments revealed that DIM could dramatically enhance new bone formation compared to the control group. Conclusion. DIM could promote BMMSC osteogenic differentiation via triggering the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and might be a novel predictable material for facilitating bone formation.
On Multitracking of First-Order MASs with Adaptive Coupling Strength
Authors: Huang Da , Fan Xiaolin , Yu Zhiyong , Jiang Haijun
Published: November 2020

The problem of cluster consensus with multiple leaders is called multitracking. In this article, a sort of multitracking of first-order multiagent systems with adaptive coupling strength is studied by the application of adaptive strategy, and the delayed relation between various leaders and clusters is considered. To reach the clustered multitracking goal, a novel pinning-like control protocol with adaptive approach is designed according to the properties of network topology. In addition, the structure of the networked system is a weakly connected digraph. Some conditions are derived to ensure that the nodes in the same cluster reach the consensus via tracking their leader, while leaders will keep a delayed relation with the settled leader node as time goes on to form the required delay consensus.
The Effect of Different Freezing Rates and Long-Term Storage Temperatures on the Stability of Sliced Peaches
Authors: Dawson Paul , Al-Jeddawi Wesam , Rieck James
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine if freezing rates and holding temperatures influence peach quality during short- and long-term frozen storage. Fresh peaches (Prunus persica) were purchased locally, sliced, dipped in 2% ascorbic acid then drained, and packaged. The study was divided into two experiments, one to determine the effect of the freezing rate on peach quality and the second to determine the effect of frozen holding temperatures on peach quality. For the freezing rate experiment, freshly packaged peaches were placed in freezers at different temperatures (-7°C, -12°C, -18°C, -29°C, and -77°C) then removed for testing when the core temperature of the peaches reached the temperature of all freezer temperatures. The second experiment determined the long-term holding effect on quality using both fresh and prefrozen peaches held at -7°C, -12°C, -18°C, -29°C, and -77°C through 360 days. Quality measurements included freeze thaw and weight loss, lightness, firmness, moisture content, ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AAEAC), hexanal detection using gas chromatography (GC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and sensory evaluation. During the freezing phase (experiment 1), peach weight loss and surface ice crystal pore size significantly decreased with increased freezing rates. Peaches held at -77°C and -29°C maintained overall quality to a greater degree than the higher holding temperatures. However, all samples enzymatically browned when thawed; therefore, frozen peaches may best if used in the frozen state or in applications where appearance is a critical factor. In general, fresh and prefrozen peaches were not acceptable by the sensory panelists after 270 days of frozen storage.
Expression of T-Cell Exhaustion Molecules and Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Predictive Biomarkers for Response to Nivolumab in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ficial Miriam , Jegede Opeyemi A. , Sant'Angelo Miriam , Hou Yue , Flaifel Abdallah , Pignon Jean-Christophe , Braun David A. , Wind-Rotolo Megan , Sticco-Ivins Maura A. , Catalano Paul J. , Freeman Gordon J. , Sharpe Arlene H. , Hodi F. Stephen , Motzer Robert J. , Wu Catherine J. , Atkins Michael B. , McDermott David F. , Shukla Sachet A. , Choueiri Toni K. , Signoretti Sabina
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

We sought to validate levels of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating cells (TIC) expressing PD-1 but not TIM-3 and LAG-3 (IF biomarker; Pignon and colleagues, 2019) and to investigate human endogenous retroviruses (hERV) as predictors of response to anti–PD-1 in a randomized trial of nivolumab (nivo) versus everolimus (evero) in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC; CheckMate-025).

Experimental Design:

Tumor tissues (nivo: n = 116, evero: n = 107) were analyzed by multiparametric immunofluorescence (IF) and qRT-PCR. Genomic/transcriptomic analyses were performed in a subset of samples. Clinical endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and durable response rate (DRR, defined as complete response or partial response with a PFS ≥ 12 months).

Results:

In the nivo (but not evero) arm, patients with high-IF biomarker density (24/116, 20.7%) had higher ORR (45.8% vs. 19.6%, P = 0.01) and DRR (33.3% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.03) and longer median PFS (9.6 vs. 3.7 months, P = 0.03) than patients with low-IF biomarker. By RNA sequencing, several inflammatory pathways (q < 0.1) and immune-related gene signature scores (q < 0.05) were enriched in the high-IF biomarker group. When combined with the IF biomarker, tumor cell (TC) PD-L1 expression (≥1%) further separated clinical outcomes in the nivo arm. ERVE-4 expression was associated with increased DRR and longer PFS in nivo-treated patients.

Conclusions:

High levels of CD8+ TIC expressing PD-1 but not TIM-3 and LAG-3 and ERVE-4 expression predicted response to nivo (but not to evero) in patients with mccRCC. Combination of the IF biomarker with TC PD-L1 improved its predictive value, confirming our previous findings.
A Phase I Trial of Talimogene Laherparepvec in Combination with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Nonmetastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Soliman Hatem , Hogue Deanna , Han Hyo , Mooney Blaise , Costa Ricardo , Lee Marie C. , Niell Bethany , Williams Angela , Chau Alec , Falcon Shannon , Khakpour Nazanin , Weinfurtner Robert J. , Hoover Susan , Kiluk John , Rosa Marilin , Khong Hung , Czerniecki Brian
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

Talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) is an oncolytic herpes simplex 1 virus approved for treatment of melanoma. We hypothesized intratumoral TVEC may enhance response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This article reports the results of a trial combining NAC with TVEC for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Patients and Methods:

Patients with stage II–III TNBC enrolled in a 3+3 phase I trial (NCT02779855) of two TVEC dose levels [DL; DL 1 = 106 plaque-forming units (PFU) × 5 doses; DL 2 = 106 PFUs first dose, then 108 PFUs × 4 doses] on weeks 1, 4, 6, 8, and 10 plus weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) for 12 weeks, followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (60/600 mg/m2) every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Postoperative response assessment using residual cancer burden (RCB) was performed. Primary endpoints were safety and MTD. Secondary endpoints were RCB0 rate and immune correlates. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) rule was grade 3–5 adverse events due to TVEC during first 5 weeks.

Results:

Nine patients [DL 1 (n = 3); DL 2 (n = 6)] were enrolled. Six had stage II disease, and 3 had stage III (6 clinically N+). No DLTs occurred, and MTD was DL 2. Most common toxicities with TVEC were fever (n = 8), chills (n = 3), hematomas (n = 3), and injection site pain (n = 3). Thromboembolic events (n = 2) and bradycardia (n = 1) occurred during or after NAC. Five patients (55%) achieved RCB0, 2 had RCB1 (22%), and 2 had RCB2 (22%).

Conclusions:

The addition of TVEC to NAC was feasible at the approved dose, with manageable toxicity. The complete response rate was 55%.
Oxidative Stress in Graves Disease and Graves Orbitopathy
Authors: Lanzolla Giulia , Marcocci Claudio , Marinò Michele
Published: November 2020

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Graves hyperthyroidism (GH) and Graves orbitopathy (GO) and an antioxidant approach has been proposed for both. In GH, a disbalance of the cell redox state is associated with thyroid hyperfunction and antithyroid medications may reduce oxidative stress. Tissue hypoxia participates in the pathogenesis of GO, and oxygen free radicals are involved in the typical changes of orbital tissues as reported by in vitro and clinical studies. Antioxidant agents, especially selenium, have been proposed as a therapeutic option for GH and GO. A clinical study regarding the use of selenium in mild GO has provided evidence for a beneficial effect in the short term, even though its beneficial effects in the long term are still to be investigated. In addition to selenium, a protective role of other antioxidant agents, i.e., quercetin, enalapril, vitamin C, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and melatonin has been suggested by in vitro studies, although clinical studies are lacking. Here, we review the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant agents in GH and GO.
Prospective Evaluation of the Time Course of White Matter Edema Associated with Implanted Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes
Authors: Nolt Mark J. , Polasani Rajeev S. , Masnyk Taras W. , Rezak Michael , Rosenow Joshua M.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is commonly used in the treatment of medically refractory movement disorders. There have been several reports in the literature of edema developing around the implanted electrode. Most of these studies have been retrospective, suggesting that the time course and incidence of this edema are underestimated. An understanding of the incidence and time course of edema related to DBS leads is important to allow clinicians to better assess the correct course of action when edema following DBS implantation is observed. Methods: We examined both the time course and prevalence of edema following DBS implantation by obtaining a series of postoperative MRI scans from patients who underwent DBS surgery. Edema volume was quantified by a single neuroradiologist, measuring the peri-electrode T2 signal change. Results: We examined postoperative MRIs in thirteen patients with fifteen DBS electrode implants. Eleven patients exhibited white matter edema on at least 1 postoperative MRI, with none being symptomatic. Edema was completely resolved in 4 of the electrode implants through postoperative day 70, with the remaining cases still exhibiting edema at the last imaged time point. Discussion/Conclusion: In this study, we obtained a regimented series of postoperative MRIs in an effort to determine the time course and incidence of edema. Our results show that edema following DBS implant is not rare, is often asymptomatic, and may resolve over many weeks.
A Kidney Transplant Recipient with Recurrent Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis Successfully Treated with Steroid Pulse Therapy and Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy
Authors: Fujimoto Mika , Katayama Kan , Nishikawa Kouhei , Mizoguchi Shoko , Oda Keiko , Hirabayashi Yosuke , Suzuki Yasuo , Haruki Ayumi , Ito Takayasu , Murata Tomohiro , Ishikawa Eiji , Sugimura Yoshiki , Ito Masaaki
Published: November 2020

There is no specific treatment for recurrent Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in a transplanted kidney. We herein report a case of a kidney transplant recipient with recurrent HSPN that was successfully treated with steroid pulse therapy and epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT). A 39-year-old Japanese man developed HSPN 4 years ago and had to start hemodialysis after 2 months despite receiving steroid pulse therapy followed by oral prednisolone, plasma exchange therapy, and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. He had undergone tonsillectomy 3 years earlier in the hopes of achieving a better outcome of a planned kidney transplantation and received a living-donor kidney transplantation from his mother 1 year earlier. Although there were no abnormalities in the renal function or urinalysis 2 months after transplantation, a routine kidney allograft biopsy revealed evidence of mesangial proliferation and cellular crescent formation. Mesangial deposition for IgA and C3 was noted, and he was diagnosed with recurrent HSPN histologically. Since the renal function and urinalysis findings deteriorated 5 months after transplantation, 2 courses of steroid pulse therapy were performed but were ineffective. EAT using 0.5% zinc chloride solution once per day was combined with the third course of steroid pulse therapy, as there were signs of chronic epipharyngitis. His renal function recovered 3 months after daily EAT and has been stable for 1.5 years since transplantation. Daily EAT continued for >3 months might be a suitable strategy for treating recurrent HSPN in cases of kidney transplantation.
Analysis of YAG Laser-Induced Damage in Intraocular Lenses: Characterization of Optical and Surface Properties of YAG Shots
Authors: Borkenstein Andreas F. , Borkenstein Eva-Maria
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To assess differences in neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG)-induced defects in hydrophilic and hydrophobic intraocular lenses (IOLs) and describe optical and surface properties of YAG shots/pitting. Describing and measuring the iatrogenic produced defects should achieve higher awareness on this topic and change the mindset of such a trivial procedure to be proceeded with more caution and calmness in the future. Materials: Twelve IOLs from different manufacturers made of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials were evaluated before and after treatment with the Nd:YAG laser. Microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopic (ESEM) images were used to visually analyze the defects. Additionally, wavefront measurements were taken for power mapping and Raman spectroscopy was performed. Vertical and horizontal dimensions of the defects were analyzed and compared, and Raman line scans assessed the changes in the chemical structure in the defect area of the IOL. Results: Microscopically, pitting of the surface could be observed in both lens types. Defects in hydrophobic lenses appeared bigger and were visible with less magnification than in hydrophilic lenses. Similar results were obtained with ESEM images where the defects in hydrophobic IOLs seemed to be frayed while defects in hydrophilic IOLs were of circular shape. Raman spectroscopy revealed deeper defects in hydrophobic lenses. Vertical dimensions of the defects were statistically significant (p = 0.036) and greater in hydrophobic materials while horizontal dimensions did not reach significance (p = 0.056). The area of chemical changes was greater than the visible defect area and smaller in hydrophilic than that in hydrophobic materials. Conclusion: Nd:YAG seems to have greater impact on hydrophobic IOL materials as that damage was greater and more frayed than that in hydrophilic materials. Moreover, there seems to be larger, distinctive damage area in IOLs (with chemical changes in the material) than that is visually recognizable. Therefore, a very cautious approach is recommended when performing capsulotomy, as defects in the surface structure can occur. This might come along with problems in quality of vision in monofocal and primarily premium IOLs (multifocal, enhanced depth of focus, and toric IOLs), dependent on the size, dimension, and position in the IOL. YAG capsulotomy should not be considered trivial but should be carried out with precision and without time pressure, just like surgery itself.