2D Phase-based RFID localization for on-site landslide monitoring
Authors: Charléty Arthur , Larose Eric , Le Breton Mathieu , Baillet Laurent , Helmstetter Agnès 
Published: March 2022

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) shows great potential for earth-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;sciences applications, notably in landslide surface monitoring at high spatio-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;temporal&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;resolution&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;with&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;meteorological&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;robustness&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;[2].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Ten&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;865MHz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;RFID&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;tags&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;were&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;deployed&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;on&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;part&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;landslide&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;continuously&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;moni-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;tored for 8 months by a station composed of 4 reader antennas.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;2D rela-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;tive localization was performed using a Phase-of-Arrival approach [3], and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;compared with optical reference measurements.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;The centimeter-scale ac-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;curacy of this technique was confirmed theoretically by developing a mea-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;surement model that includes multipath interference and system sensitiv-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;ity kernel.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Although horizontal localization shows promising results, ver-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;tical displacement monitoring presents intrinsic error sources that greatly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;decrease accuracy in this direction.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;This study confirms that 2D landslide&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;displacement tracking is feasible at relatively low station and maintenance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;cost (Charlety&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;et&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;al.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,2021, submitted).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;M. Le Breton, L. Baillet, E. Larose, E. Rey, P. Benech, D. Jongmans, F. Guy-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;oton, and M. Jaboyedoff, &amp;#8220;Passive radio-frequency identification ranging, a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;dense and weather-robust technique for landslide displacement monitoring,&amp;#8221;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;Engineering&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;geology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, vol. 250, pp. 1&amp;#8211;10, 2019.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;M.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Le&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Breton,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;L.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Baillet,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;E.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Larose,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;E.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Rey,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;P.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Benech,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;D.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Jongmans,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;F.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Guyoton,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;&amp;#8220;Outdoor&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;uhf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;rfid:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Phase&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;stabilization&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;real-world&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;appli-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;cations,&amp;#8221;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;IEEE&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Journal&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Radio&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Frequency&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Identification&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;vol.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;1,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;no.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;4,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span&gt;pp. 279&amp;#8211;290, 2017&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;