bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS ISI BUKU DETIK-DETIK ASESMEN NASIONAL AKM LITERASI UNTUK SMP/MTs TERBITAN PT INTAN PARIWARA 2020
Authors: Al Majid Muhammad Zidane Yusi , Setiawan Budhi , Suryanto Edy
Published: October 2024

Keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penggunaan model pembelajaran yang kurang tepat karena guru cenderung menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional dalam pembelajaran menulis teks prosedur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang menggunakan model example non-example, (2) mendeskripsikan keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung, (3) menjelaskan pengaruh model example non-example terhadap keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimen murni. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu posttest only control group design. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung tergolong rendah. Kedua, keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang menggunakan model example non-example mengalami peningkatan. Ketiga, model example non-example berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang.
BENTUK TINDAK TUTUR LOKUSI, ILOKUSI, DAN PERLOKUSI DALAM KANAL YOUTUBE TONIGHTSHOWNET BERSAMA VINA MULIANA
Authors: Meisarah Fahmadia , Dewi Safira Meisa , Rohmadi Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Terkadang dalam berkomunikasi maksud yang disampaikan penutur tidak dapat dipahami oleh lawan tutur atau partisipan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan wujud tindak tutur lokusi, ilokusi, dan perlokusi dalam kanal YouTube TonightShowNet bersama Vina Muliana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Fokus penelitian ini adalah ujaran-ujaran yang dilakukan pembawa acara dengan narasumber yang mengandung tindak tutur lokusi, ilokusi, dan perlokusi. Data yang terdapat pada penelitian ini berupa transkip tuturan yang terdapat dalam tayangan tersebut. Peneliti menggunakan teknik simak dan catat dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tayangan YouTube TonightShowNet bersama Vina Muliana terdapat (1) tiga tindak tutur lokusi (deklaratif, imperatif, interogatif); (2) lima tindak tutur ilokusi (asertif, direktif, deklaratif, komisif, ekspresif); dan (3) tiga tindak tutur perlokusi (senang, sedih, emosi). Rincian datanya, yaitu kalimat berita sebanyak 40%, kalimat perintah 3%, dan kalimat tanya 30%; tindak tutur ilokusi ditemukan asertif sebanyak 2%, direktif 2%, deklaratif 2%, komisif 2%, dan ekspresif 3%; serta tindak tutur perlokusi ditemukan bahagia atau senang sebanyak 9%, sedih 5%, dan emosi 2%. Penelitian-penelitian serupa perlu ditindaklanjuti dengan mengeksplor faktor-faktor yang mendorong terjadinya masing-masing bentuk tindak tutur agar membawa manfaat dan menarik perhatian pemirsa.

 

 
KONFLIK SOSIAL DAN NILAI MORAL DALAM NASKAH DRAMA BARABAH KARYA MOTINGGO BUSYE SERTA RELEVANSINYA SEBAGAI MATERI AJAR SASTRA DI SMA
Authors: Wisudawan Tino Widya , Anindyarini Atikah , Waluyo Budi , Supriyadi Hamam
Published: October 2024

Naskah drama merupakan salah satu bentuk sastra yang mampu mencerminkan realitas sosial dan memperkuat pesan moral dalam sebuah narasi teater. Salah satu karya sastra Indonesia yang memadukan elemen-elemen tersebut adalah Barabah karya Motinggo Busye. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konflik sosial dan nilai moral yang terdapat dalam naskah drama "Barabah" serta mengevaluasi relevansinya sebagai materi ajar sastra di sekolah menengah atas (SMA). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan sosiologi sastra yang digunakan untuk mengkaji naskah drama “Barabah” yaitu konflik sosial dan nilai moral. Peneliti akan menganalisis beberapa macam konflik sosial yang terdapat dalam naskah drama Barabah karya Motinggo Busye mulai dari a) Konflik antarindividu, b) Konflik antarkelompok, c) Konflik antargenerasi, d) Konflik gender dan nilai moral yang terdapat pada penelitian ini adalah a) Nilai Empati, b) Nilai Hati Nurani, c) Nilai Kebaikan Hati, d) Nilai Rasa Hormat, e) Nilai Kontrol Diri, dan f) Nilai Keadilan, serta penelitian ini direlevansikan sebagai materi ajar sastra di SMA.

 
IMPLIKATUR PADA KUMPULAN CERPEN DI KALA PAGI KARYA RENI NURYANTI
Authors: Indianto Atha , Rohmadi Muhammad , Hastuti Sri
Published: October 2024

Adanya implikatur terkadang membuat pembaca mengartikan secara multitafsir sehingga implikatur menjadi suatu cara atau alternatif dalam penyampaian maksud dari sebuah tuturan. Kumpulan cerpen Di Kala Pagi karya Reni Nuryanti dipilih berdasarkan ragam peristiwa tutur yang ada di dalamnya, termasuk implikatur dengan berbagai bentuk dan fungsinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan mendeskripsikan implikatur yang digunakan dalam kumpulan cerpen Di Kala Pagi karya Reni Nuryanti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi pragmatik. Sumber data penelitian ini meliputi naskah kumpulan cerpen Di Kala Pagi karya Reni Nuryanti. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis isi deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian, ditemukan sebanyak 143 data atau sebesar 78% implikatur konvensional dan sebanyak 40 data atau sebesar 22% implikatur nonkonvensional. Fungsi implikatur konvensional yang ditemukan meliputi direktif, asertif, dan ekspresif. Fungsi implikatur nonkonvensional yang ditemukan meliputi direktif, interogatif, ekspresif, asertif, dan deklaratif.
MASKULINITAS TOKOH ASRI DALAM NOVEL SALAH PILIH KARYA NUR ST. ISKANDAR
Authors: Sari Dinda , Bahadur Iswadi , Samsiarni Samsiarni
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan maskulinitas tokoh Asri dalam novel Salah Pilih karya Nur st. Iskandar. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aspek maskulinitas tokoh Asri dalam novel Salah Pilih ditinjau dengan teori Janet Saltzman Chafetz bukunya Handbook of the Sociology of Gender. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif  metode deskriptif analisis. Temuan hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat aspek maskulinitas yang ada pada tokoh Asri. Pertama, aspek fungsional, kedua aspek seksual, ketiga aspek emosional,  Keempat aspek intelektual, kelima aspek karakter personal.
PENGARUH MODEL EXAMPLE NON-EXAMPLE TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS PROSEDUR SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 24 PADANG
Authors: Hafiiz Al , Tresyalina Tresyalina , Atmazaki Atmazaki
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini didasari oleh permasalahan dalam menulis teks prosedur yang dialami siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang. Pada penelitian ini pembelajaran menulis teks prosedur dilakukan dengan menerapkan model example non-example. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang dalam menulis teks prosedur setelah menggunakan model example non-example. Jenis penelitian ini, yaitu true experimental design. Terkait dengan desain tersebut, maka diterapkan posttest only control design pada penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka pada penelitian ini digunakan 2 kelas, yakni kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah 68 siswa sebagai sampel penelitian. Dilihat dari pemerolehan nilai rata-rata tes kemampuan menulis teks prosedur, siswa dari kelas eksperimen mendapatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 86,58, sedangkan siswa dari kelas kontrol mendapatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 69,30. Hasil uji-t membuktikan bahwa nilai thitung > ttabel (5,38>1,67) sehingga hipotesis alternatif (H1) diterima pada derajat kebebasan (dk)=(34+34)-2 dan taraf signifikan 95%. Maka dari itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa model example non-example berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan menulis teks prosedur siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Padang.
Ebedi Barış’ın Çağdaş Yorumları Üzerinden Kant’ı Yeniden Okumak
Authors: Sevinç Tuğba
Published: October 2024

Sınırların kalktığı kosmopolit bir dünya düzeninin ve bir dünya vatandaşlığı idealinin tesis edilebileceğine ilişkin umudun giderek zayıfladığı, buna karşın sınırları korumaya yönelik eğilimlerin ve ulus kimlik vurgusunun yükseldiği günümüzde, birçok çağdaş siyaset felsefecisi artık sınırları ve ulus devleti verili ve değişmez kabul ediyor, ve (liberal) ulus devletlerin küresel yahut devletler üstü dayanışmanın en temel kaynağı olacağını iddia ediyorlar. Küresel siyasette ve siyaset felsefesindeki bu eğilimler göz önüne alındığında iki eseri yeniden birlikte okumamız gerekiyor. Bunlardan ilki, bu konuda öncü bir eser olan, barışı tesis edebilmek için uluslararası bir devlet federasyonunun zorunluluğuna işaret eden Kant’ın Ebedi Barış Üzerine taslağı. Diğeri ise siyaset felsefesindeki yukarıda özetlediğim güncel gelişmeleri tarihsel olarak önceleyen, zamanının küresel eşitlik ve sınırların esnediği/kalktığı kozmopolit uluslararası düzen tahayyüllerinin gerisine düşmekle sert bir biçimde eleştirilmiş John Rawls’un Halkların Yasası eseri. Rawls, bu eserde Kant’ın fikir olarak önümüze koyduğu bir devletler federasyonunun uluslararası düzlemde nasıl oluşturulabileceğine ilişkin ideali (yol haritasını) resmetmeye ve halklar arasında Kantçı bir hipotetik sözleşmenin nasıl olabileceğini somutlaştırmaya çalışıyor. Bu çalışma, Rawls’un uluslararası siyaset teorisindeki Kantçı izleği sürmeye çalışarak, Halkların Yasası’nın ne ölçüde Kant’ın Ebedi Barış Üzerine eserinde ortaya koyduğu uluslararası barış fikrini geliştirdiğini ve günümüz toplumlarının şartlarına uyarladığını incelemeyi hedefliyor. Aynı zamanda, Rawls’un Kant yorumuna gelen Seyla Benhabib ve Thomas Pogge gibi kozmopolit Kantçı eleştiriler üzerinden Kant’ın siyaset teorisini yeniden okumayı ve değerlendirmeyi hedefliyor.
Parents’ Teachers’ Meeting and students’ Performance: Perceptions of Teachers’
Authors: Fahd Naveed Kausar  , Sara Abid
Published: October 2024

Children build relationships with a variety of people throughout their youth; including parents, teachers, and peers, so it's critical to understand how these interactions affect school performance, particularly with teachers. The objective of the study was to find the perceptions of teachers’ regarding parents’ teachers meeting and students’ performance. The population was comprised of all elementary school of district vehari. The instrument of the study was questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that PTM increase students’ participation in class, improve students’ grades, their attendance, and improve management in class and many other things which indicate discipline.
Challenges and Prospects of Vocational Education and Training for Specially-abled Students in Pakistan
Authors: Pirzada Muhammad Gouhar Iftikhar
Published: October 2024

Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in vocational and skilful programmes that can help students achieve a better career, particularly those with special needs. The transition of students with physical challenges like impairments has become increasingly complicated as a consequence, and both the students and their families demand better transition procedures. The organisational challenges and ensuing issues faced by students, families, and care providers are documented in the academic literature on early childhood transition, leading to further difficulties later in their careers. The specific factors influencing this intricate transition process have recently become the subject of insightful transition studies. This framework will help students with special needs and their families cope with the transition process, provide an organisational framework, and start laying the foundation for improving transitions for such students. The framework used in this research includes challenges that are categorised into four categories: environmental challenges, attitude challenges, institutional challenges, and financial challenges. The framework concludes with the actions that may be taken to address the problems impeding the vocational education and training performance of students with physical impairments.
Keywords: Specially-abled students, Challenges, Vocational Education, Prospects, Pakistan
Representation of Male and Female Characters in Woolf’s Selected Fictions: A Corpus Based Stylistic Analysis
Authors: Ali Muhammad Jawad
Published: October 2024

The present research comprises a corpus-based stylistic analysis of Woolf’s selected fiction, To the Lighthouse and Mrs Dalloway. This study aims to examine the representation of men and women in the chosen texts. For this purpose, adjectives have been chosen from both novels that have been employed with both male and female characters. The methodology utilized is mixed-method which merges the qualitative analysis with the quantitative one. The examples of tables along with concordance lines are taken from a specialized corpus of two novels with the aid of the software LancsBox (Version 6.0). The present study has revealed that the terms man and woman have occurred 184 times and 119 times respectively. The use of positive adjectives with male characters is more frequent than with female characters. Male characters portrayed by Virginia Woolf are shown as dominating, autonomous, and powerful. The adjectives employed with men are mostly related to their status and personality. Whereas, negative adjectives used with women reflect their demeaning, struggling, and inferior status. Actually, Woolf has employed adjectives to counteract gender bias in her chosen works, though she has portrayed women in a negative light and men in a positive light. This research will prove as a great contribution to the emerging field of corpus linguistics, integrating corpus studies with gender studies and it will recommend further investigation regarding gender roles in multiple contexts.
Analyzing the Impact of Teacher Training and Professional Development Programs on the Implementation of Blended Learning in Elementary Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Ahmad Wisal , Umar Khan  , Sangeen  Muhammad
Published: October 2024

This research study aims to determine the attitudes of practicing school teachers towards blended learning in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study involved 369 elementary school instructors recruited and trained in 2017 through the Teacher Induction Policy. The data analysis revealed that teachers had favorable attitudes towards integrated learning and the efficacy of blended learning in education and knowledge acquisition. However, the study also highlighted the significant challenges faced by educators when training via blended learning. The findings highlight the need for more effective and flexible teaching methods to ensure the success of blended learning in the education sector.
Effect of working memory on student’s performance at secondary level
Authors: Khan Abdul Malik , Ghazala Noreen
Published: October 2024

The ability to process and temporarily store data is known as working memory, a concept crucial in cognitive psychology with applications in academic teaching and cognitive function. This study aims to explore the association between working memory and the mathematics performance of secondary school students. The study focuses on secondary science students in Lahore schools, with a population of 180 scientific students sampled through convenience sampling. Data analysis involved the use of a questionnaire and employed both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concludes that working memory significantly impacts the performance of secondary school pupils.
Skill- Based Education in an Industrial city of Pakistan
Authors: Rizwan Sidra , Sohail Fareeha
Published: October 2024

In this study, the need for Skill- based education at secondary school level in Pakistan was analyzed with a focus on local need of the areas. The research examined the integration of skill-related subjects in secondary school curricula and investigated the skill set required in the industrial sector. To understand the current situation, government policies were reviewed and major challenges in implementing skill- based education were highlighted. It was a qualitative research with an exploratory research design. Tehsil Gujranwala was the selected study area. Elite interviews with representatives of business, Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA), and Gujranwala school heads were conducted to gather data. Three documents were analyzed i.e., textbooks of technical courses taught at secondary school level, National Education Policy 2017, and the Punjab Growth Strategy 2018. The results painted a bleak picture of the state of skill- based education in the country. All the stakeholders involved lacked ambition, communication, and teamwork. The objectives of government initiatives have not been met because of poor management of resources and misuse of finances. The respondents suggested that the media and NGOs might help to emphasize the value of skill- based education pertaining to the local needs. It was crucial to modify the curriculum to incorporate skill- based education into general education for the benefit of individuals, society, and ultimately socioeconomic development at national level.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding and Associated Factors Among Adolescent Mothers in Nyagatare District, Rwanda
Authors: Mugabo Jackson , Nishimwe Clemence , Marete Onesimus
Published: October 2024

Background: Breastmilk contains necessary nutrients that an infant needs to grow healthy and protects an infant from infectious and chronic diseases. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of ovarian and breast cancer in mothers. Breastmilk is safe, affordable, and healthy, and the WHO recommends that an infant receive exclusive breasting for the first half year of life to reduce malnutrition and child mortality and improve maternal health.
Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescent mothers toward exclusive breastfeeding among 194 adolescent mothers in the Nyagatare district of Eastern Province.
Results: The results indicated that 85.6% of adolescent mothers understood exclusive breastfeeding. A total of 78.9% of the mothers reported having a positive attitude; however, only 27.3% of the adolescent mothers reported exclusively breastfeeding. Higher levels of education had significant effects, with adolescent mothers having primary education (AOR = 1.161, 95% CI = 1.721 - 2.319, p = 0.009), secondary education (AOR = 3.056, 95% CI = 2.006 - 5.542, p = 0.013) and positive attitudes (AOR = 5.702, 95% CI = 1.633 - 19.91, p = 0.006) Having occupation (AOR = 2.041, 95% CI = 0.556 - 7.497, p = 0.282) Urban residence (AOR = 1.622, 95% CI = 1.038 - 3.089, p = 0.007) exhibiting increased odds of practicing exclusive breastfeeding compared to those with no formal education. However, having no desire for a previous pregnancy (AOR = 0.204, 95% CI = 0.051 - 0.817, p = 0.025) and having only one (AOR = 0.418, 95% CI = 0.037 - 0.792, p = 0.043) significantly decreased the odds of exclusive breastfeeding.
Conclusion: Breastfeeding offers vital benefits, yet practices remain limited. Enhancing exclusive breastfeeding requires targeted interventions and support.
Infectious disease surveillance in Dutch hospitals: what’s in it for us?
Authors: Marbus Sierk D. , Boere Tjarda M. , Veldhuijzen Irene K. , Gageldonk-Lafeber Arianne B. van
Published: October 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need for multipurpose and sustainable hospital surveillance data. We studied barriers, facilitators, and preferred requirements for an infectious disease surveillance system in Dutch hospitals to be valuable and feasible from a hospital perspective.
Methods
This study is part of a larger EU4Health Project, UNITED4Surveillance. Semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders were conducted, and were subsequently analyzed using a thematic analytic approach.
Results
Participants discussed surveillance systems regarding antimicrobial resistance, healthcare-associated infections, and severe acute respiratory infections. Perceived barriers to establishing or maintaining such systems included unclear and/or passive hospital roles, legal challenges, and insufficient resources and capacity. Perceived facilitators included clinically relevant and actionable data, mutually beneficial collaborations between stakeholders, and sufficient support at multiple decision-making levels and across legal, technical, capacity, and financial domains.
Conclusions
This qualitative research provides new insights in the experienced barriers and facilitators for infectious diseases surveillance in Dutch hospitals from the hospital perspective since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Key stakeholders outlined practical recommendations to improve robust and sustainable infectious disease surveillance in Dutch hospitals: i) ensure clinically relevant actionable data; ii) clarify roles and responsibilities; and iii) collaborate on innovative initiatives.
Development and validation of a simulation task for quantitatively assessing oral cancer resection skills
Authors: Sakamoto Kayo , Mitani Sohei , Nishio Naoki , Kitani Takashi , Sato Eriko , Tanaka Keiko , Ugumori Toru , Wakisaka Hiroyuki , Hato Naohito
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To develop and validate an oral cancer simulation task that could quantitatively assess tumor resection skills.
Methods: This prospective study employed Messick’s contemporary framework. A focus group of six board-certified head and neck surgeons facilitated articulation of experts' understanding of oral cancer resection into two primary categories: "ensuring adequate margins" and "maintaining safety." According to the results, we developed a simulation task. "Ensuring adequate margins" in oral cancer resection was assessed using extracted phantom-model specimens; "maintaining safety" during electrosurgery was assessed by the degree of tumor bed carbonization during electrosurgery. The validity evidence sources of the task were gathered from questionnaire responses and quantitative measurements obtained by performing the task.
Results: Ten expert surgeons completed the questionnaire after performing the task. The replication of oral cancer resection was rated highly (4.4 out of 5), and experts agreed with quantitative measures used to assess surgeons' skills (4.8 out of 5). Five experts and 12 students performed the task, and their skills were measured. The internal consistency of the measures was good (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.803). Margin error distances were significantly smaller for experts than for students (P<0.0001). Spectral colorimetric analysis revealed that lesser tumor bed carbonization was achieved by experts than by students (P<0.0001). Principal component analysis showed that experts’ performance was stable, whereas students’ skill was varied.
Conclusions: We developed an oral cancer simulation task to quantitatively measure surgeons’ skills. Using this simulation task may promote early acquisition of tumor resection skills and improve outcomes for oral cancer patients.
Synergistic Flame Retardant effect of Boron-Coated Expandable Graphite(BEG) and AmmoniumPolyphosphate(APP) in Rigid Polyurethane Foam(RPUF)
Authors: Bhatt Gnanu G , Soni Daxit
Published: October 2024

In this research Boron-Coated expandable graphite(BEG) and ammonium polyphosphate(APP) are used as a combination, to improve Flame retardant property of Rigid polyurethane foam. To study synergist effect of both the materials (Boron-Coated expandable graphite(BEG) and ammonium polyphosphate(APP)) on the Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), horizontal burning test along with limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests are used. Both the test methods help to evaluate improvement in flame retardancy property of RPUF.
Small intestinal γδ T17 cells promote C1q-mediated SAE by synaptic pruning in mice
Authors: Zhang Jiancheng , Wu Yuming , Zhang Yujing , Yu Yuan , Zhen Zifan , Wang Xin , Yuan Yin , Xie Bing , Han Mengqi , Wang Mengyuan , Zhang Xinyu , Sun Xueqiang , Wen Xiaoyue , Shang You , Hashimoto Kenji , Yuan Shiying
Published: October 2024

Sepsis is a severe global health issue with high mortality rates, and sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) further exacerbates this risk. While recent studies have shown the migration of gut immune cells to the lungs after sepsis, their impact on the central nervous system remains unclear. Our research demonstrates that sepsis could induce the migration of IL-7Rhigh CD8low γδ T17 cells from the small intestine to the meninges, where they secrete IL-17A, impairing mitochondrial function in microglia and activating the cGAS-STING-C1q pathway. This process is accompanied by inhibited ubiquitination of STING at the K150 site, resulting in STING accumulation and increased release of C1q-tagged hippocampal synapses, which are subsequently pruned by activated microglia. Importantly, 4-Octyl itaconate mitigates the excessive synaptic pruning by inhibiting γδ T17 cell migration and promoting STING ubiquitination, thereby alleviating SAE. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of synaptic pruning by microglia via the cGAS-STING-C1q pathway, emphasize the critical role of gut-derived γδ T17 cell migration to the meninges in SAE, and highlight the importance of STING ubiquitination in modulating C1q-mediated excessive synaptic pruning.
Cancellous bone thickness in the distal fragment affects the severity of dorsal angulated distal radius fractures
Authors: Sato Kotaro , Murakami Kenya , Takahashi Gaku , Mimata Yoshikuni , Matsuura Masanori
Published: October 2024

Introduction
A fall with an extended wrist leads to distal radius fractures (DRFs). The sharing force between the carpus and the volar cortex causes volar-sharing fractures. Therefore, a sharing force between the carpus and the dorsal cortex could be generated in dorsally angulated DRFs. In cases of trauma, a moderate force may cause a non-articular fracture, while a stronger force could result in an articular fracture. We speculate that maintaining a thick cancellous bone in the distal fragment could help dissipate the force and potentially prevent articular fractures. We hypothesized that the cancellous thickness of the subchondral bone affects the development of intra-articular fractures. This study thus investigated the radiological parameters of DRFs to verify the development of intra-articular fractures.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 199 patients with dorsally angulated DRFs for whom reconstructed computed tomography images were available. Articular fracture patterns were evaluated in the axial planes. We measured cancellous thickness under the subchondral bone in the sagittal plane. Moreover, we compared the radial inclination, volar tilt, ulnar variance, and cancellous thickness among groups with types A, C1/2, and C3 DRFs.
Results
A fracture line running from the sigmoid notch to the dorsal extensor compartment accounted for approximately 80% of DRF cases. Ulnar variance was significantly larger in the type C3 group than in the type A group. Cancerous thickness was significantly smaller in the type C than in the type A group.
Conclusions
The sharing force between the carpus and the proximal dorsal cortex is one of the main causes of intra-articular fractures in dorsally angulated DRFs. Thicker cancellous bone in distal fragments protects the articular cartilage from the load.
Soil organic carbon and its relation with the reflectance spectroscopy in soil sampling by layers and compound in the Depositional Piedmont of Villavicencio (Colombia)
Authors: Díaz Nubia Cristina , Jola Jorge , Darghan Aquiles , Rubiano Yolanda , Galindo Juan Pablo
Published: October 2024

Monitoring and quantifying soil organic carbon content in different landscapes at different sampling depths is crucial to assessing the quality of soil, water and the functionality of the ecosystems that are established there. Monitoring results can guide practices that could be adopted to improve soil organic carbon storage and thus enhance and diversify ecosystem services. Inventories of soil organic carbon stocks at local level can be used to assess compliance with international climate change conventions. In the case of the Depositional Piedmont of Villavicencio (Colombia), the results of the integrated principal component variance analysis in spectral reflectance data with subsequent spatial modelling did not show differences in importance either at different depths of soil sampling or in the landscapes themselves, but showed a clear relationship of soil organic carbon content to bulk density and weighted average reflectance of the 1506.93-1846.38 nm band mainly, followed by the 1000.00-1245.02 nm band. This proposed methodology is simple to adopt and can be used involving a larger set of factors that may be associated with reflectance in experimental or observational data structures.
Calculating the effect of intensive use of urban organic waste on soil concentrations of potentially toxic elements in a peri-urban agriculture context in Norway
Authors: Løes Anne-Kristin , Eiter Sebastian , Rittl Tatiana
Published: October 2024

Background
Recycling nutrients and organic matter available as waste in urban areas may close nutrient gaps and improve soil quality, but the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are commonly higher than in mineral fertilisers. How quickly may the limits for soil quality be exceeded, and for which elements, if such materials are applied intensively? For a rough answer to this question, we used soil data from ten case farms near Oslo and Bergen (Norway) to estimate how PTE concentrations increased when the demand for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in a theoretical carrot crop produced every year was covered by compost or digestate from source-separated food waste, or composted garden waste, compared with manure from horses and poultry which are often kept in peri-urban areas.
Results
With the intensive fertilisation assumed here, the Norwegian soil quality limits for PTEs were reached within 20-85 years, and faster for soil with more organic matter since regulatory limits set by weight discriminate soils with low bulk density. The limits were reached first for Cu and Zn, which are both essential micronutrients for crop plants. The concentrations of macronutrients in the urban waste-based fertilisers were not well balanced. Rates covering the K demand would lead to high surpluses of P and N. In peri-urban vegetable growing, high applications of compost are not unusual, but more balanced fertilisation is required.
Conclusions
The Norwegian regulations for PTEs in organic soil amendments and agricultural soil are stricter than in the EU, and do not support recycling of organic matter and nutrients from urban waste. Many materials which can only be applied with restricted amounts to Norwegian agricultural soil, may be applied according to crop demand in the EU.
Growers utilising urban waste-based fertilisers intensively should monitor the soil regularly, including PTE analyses. Soil sampling should occur on fixed sampling points to reveal changes in concentrations over time.
Norwegian authorities should consider a revision of the organic fertiliser regulation to support recycling of valuable organic materials. There is a need for more data on the PTE concentrations in agricultural soil and organic fertiliser materials.
Immune and microbial signatures in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with pneumonia
Authors: Zhan Yangqing , Zhou Jiemin , Li Shaoqiang , Hu Bingxue , Du Qiuling , Wang Haodi , Li Zhengtu , Sun Wenjun , Yang Juhua , Qiu Ye , Yang Zifeng , Chen Rongchang , Ye Feng
Published: October 2024

Background Pneumonia is a common acute respiratory infection that contributes to significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The disruption of the airway microbiome in respiratory infection has been extensively reported. However, whether the changes in respiratory tract microbial communities during pneumonia were related to disease severity remains elusive. Herein, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the changes in airway microbiome and immune response in pneumonia patients. Methods We performed metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing on immunocompetent (ICO) and immunocompromised host (ICH) with pneumonia using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, sputum, and swab samples. Results Compared to ICO patients with pneumonia, ICH patients had higher Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) score. BALF metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing showed higher microbial diversity in ICH patients, while ICH patients exhibited lower microbial diversity in sputum samples. Additionally, pneumonia patients with different PSI scores exhibited different microbial communities. Relative abundance of Human Gammaherpesvirus 4 (EBV) was positively correlated with PSI score. For ICH patients, BALF metatranscriptomic sequencing found 183 up-regulated genes and 85 down-regulated genes in EBV-detected group compared with EBV not-detected group, while there was no significant difference in ICO patients, indicating that EBV might be reactivated in ICH patients, while EBV might be latent in ICO patients. In ICH patients, we observed significant down-regulation of immune related genes and interferon stimulated genes in EBV-detected group compared to the not-detected group, including CSF1R, CXCR6, IL10, IL16, and TNFRSF25. Co-occurrence network analysis found positive correlations between EBV and Citrobacter freundii or Campylobacter concisus, indicating that synergistic effects on exacerbating the severity of pneumonia might exist between EBV and these two microbes. Conclusion EBV might be considered as a microbial signature for disease severity, which could regulate immune-related signaling pathways. Notably, we unravel that EBV presence might inhibit the immune response of hosts, reduce anti-inflammatory responses, and increase the possibilities of infections caused by other pathogens, exacerbating the pneumonia severity.
Clinical Outcomes of Posterior Hindfoot Endoscopic Surgery Using 1.9-mm Diameter Needle Arthroscopy for Posterior Ankle Impingement in Athletes
Authors: Shimozono Yoshiharu , Mori Daisuke , Mizuno Yasuyuki , Funakoshi Noboru , Kobayashi Masahiko , Matsuda Shuichi , Yamashita Fumiharu
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Posterior hindfoot endoscopy is a safe and effective treatment for posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS). However, data on the outcomes of needle arthroscopy for PAIS in athletes are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical outcomes and return to sports following hindfoot endoscopic surgery utilizing 1.9-mm diameter needle arthroscopy in the treatment of PAIS, especially in athletes, including ballet dancers.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate patients who underwent hindfoot endoscopic surgery using 1.9-mm diameter needle arthroscopy for PAIS between 2021 and 2023. Clinical outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and 12 months after surgery using the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scale and the Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q). The time to return to sports training, and complete return to sports activities were also evaluated.
Results
Thirteen patients (5 male and 8 female) with a mean age of 21.1 years were included. The mean follow-up time was 17.1 months. Sports activities included ballet (7 patients), soccer (3 patients), lacrosse (2 patients), and tennis (1 patient). The mean JSSF scale significantly improved from 79.1 preoperatively to 98.3 at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). The mean SAFE-Q scores improved significantly postoperatively in all subscales, except the shoe-related subscale. The mean time to return to sports-specific training was 3.8 weeks. All patients were able to return to full sports activities, and the mean time to return to full sports activities at the pre-injury levels was 6.3 weeks. The ballet dancers returned to full activity at the pre-injury levels at a mean time of 7.3 weeks.
Conclusions
Posterior hindfoot endoscopy employing 1.9-mm diameter needle arthroscopy demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes in the management of PAIS, with patients experiencing a relatively earlier return to sports, including ballet dancers.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series
Reducing anaphylaxis reactions and enhancing antiarthritic effects of folate-conjugated sinomenine-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles in experimental inflammation and arthritis
Authors: Liu Jianxin , Liu Mei , Jiang Shan , Li Shuang , Deng Yong , Chen Xuan , Li Jiaxuan , Wang Min , Guo Jiaying , Ouyang Fan , Xiao Jiafu , Wu Weihua , Jin An , Xiang Yinhong , hua zhou
Published: October 2024

Precision targeted delivery system based on nanomaterials is a feasible strategy to address anaphylaxis reactions of natural products. By loading sinomenine (SIN) into folate (FA) modified human serum albumin (HSA) nanomaterials, triple targeting including extravasation through leaky vasculature and subsequent Inflammatory cell-mediated sequestration (ELVIS) targeting, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) targeting and M1 macrophage targeting can be achieved, and the occurrence of anaphylaxis reactions can be reduced, so that SIN can be accurately delivered to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints. FA-SIN-HSA NPs exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic effect, and the possibility of inducing anaphylaxis reactions was extremely slight. FA-SIN-HSA NPs were also able to specifically target RA joints to prolong the circulating half-life of SIN as confirmed by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and in vivo fluorescence imaging. After collagen-II induced arthritis (CIA) mice were treated with FA-SIN-HSA NPs, the symptoms were greatly relieved, and the RA therapeutic effect was excellent. Taking this case as a reference, for anaphylaxis reactions of natural products, natural products can be loaded in nanomaterials modified with targeted modifiers to enhance the therapeutic effect and reduce anaphylaxis reactions.
Effects of Pemafibrate on Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Ischemic Heart Disease: A 24-Week Observational Study
Authors: Watanabe Yasuhiro , Nonaka Shoya , Yamaoka Shuhei , Nakamura Shoko , Horikawa Osamu , Yamaguchi Takashi , Sato Shuji , Todani Shunsuke , Sugizaki Yuta , Ito Takuro , Mikamo Hiroshi , Takahashi Mao , Nagayama Daiji , Shimizu Kazuhiro , Saiki Atsuhito
Published: October 2024

Background: Pemafibrate is a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator (SPPARMα) that improves lipid profile, but its effects on cardiovascular events remain unproven. This study examined changes in the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), a marker of arterial stiffness, in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or ischemic heart disease (IHD) treated with pemafibrate.
Methods: In this single-center, prospective, observational study, 95 patients with T2DM and/or IHD, who had hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL) and started pemafibrate (0.2 mg/day) were analyzed. The primary outcome was change in CAVI after 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in lipid profile, apolipoproteins, and liver enzymes.
Results: No significant change in CAVI was observed after 24 weeks of treatment (median [interquartile range (IQR)]; baseline vs 24 weeks: CAVI 9.4 [8.8-10.6] vs. 9.6 [8.9-10.8], p=0.715). However, pemafibrate significantly reduced triglycerides (233 mg/dL [171-329] to 143 mg/dL [111-187], p<0.001), apolipoprotein C-II (8.1 mg/dL [6.1-10.2] to 6.3 mg/dL [5.3-8.3], p<0.001), apolipoprotein C-III (15.3 mg/dL [12.2-18.3] to 11.6 mg/dL [9.3-14.2], p<0.001) and liver enzymes; and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (45 mg/dL [39-52] to 50 mg/dL [40-60], p<0.001), apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II (both p<0.05). Calculated small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol also decreased significantly (40 mg/dL [31-49] to 36 mg/dL [28-45], p=0.002).
Conclusion: Although pemafibrate improves lipid profile and liver enzymes, its direct impact on vascular stiffness, as measured by CAVI, may be limited in short-term treatment. Further studies with extended follow-up are necessary to clarify its potential cardiovascular benefits, particularly in high-risk patients with T2DM and/or IHD.
Detection of the First Icing Roads in Winter: The Case of Gümüşhane City (Türkiye)
Authors: Işık Fatih , Çağlak Savaş , Eraslan Selim , Zeybek Halil İbrahim , Kanyılmaz Rabia
Published: October 2024

This study aims to assess the risks of ice and snowfall in Gümüşhane city center during the winter months. Icing poses serious risks to vehicular and pedestrian traffic in winter, and understanding and managing this situation is critical for urban safety. The study area covers various neighborhoods and streets within Gümüşhane's city limits in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye. The materials and methods used include Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques, field studies, and analysis of meteorological data. We evaluated various parameters such as solar radiation, slope, precipitation, temperature, and elevation using GIS techniques. Field studies identified icing risks in shaded areas, sloping terrain, and congested streets, and recorded coordinate information for precise localization. The study determined that areas with narrow and high-rise buildings, known as "urban canyons," have a particularly high risk of icing. We observed icing more frequently and intensely in these areas due to the inability of sunlight to reach them. The lack of sunlight exacerbated the frequency and intensity of icing in these regions. Additionally, the formation of hidden icing as a result of melting snow and ice in sloping areas was also an important finding. In conclusion, the winter risks identified in this study are critical for traffic safety in Gümüşhane city center during the winter months. These findings may be used by the municipality and related institutions to guide their winter season plans. This approach aims to ensure safe transportation in the city during the winter season.
A Novel Roseosiphovirus Infecting Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL12T Represents a New Genus
Authors: Wei Nana , Lu Longfei , Ding Bo , Cai Lanlan , Yang Yunlan
Published: October 2024

Bacteria belonging to the Roseobacter clade are key players in marine ecosystems, contributing significantly to carbon and sulfur cycles. Marine viruses, particularly those targeting Roseobacter, play crucial roles in regulating microbial communities and biogeochemical processes. Despite their importance, phages infecting the Roseobacter clade remain poorly understood. In this study, a novel roseophage, vB_DshS-R26L (R26L), infecting Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL12T, was isolated and characterized in terms of physiological and genomic properties. R26L is a siphovirus with an elongated head and a long, non-flexible tail. The phage has a narrow host range and demonstrates a long infection cycle with a latent period of 3.5 hours and a burst size of 22 plaque-forming units (PFU cell− 1). R26L possesses a circular, double-stranded DNA genome of 79,534 bp with a G + C content of 62.59%, encoding a total of 116 open reading frames. Notably, seven auxiliary metabolic genes, including those related to phosphate metabolism and queuosine biosynthesis, were identified. Phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses revealed that R26L represents a new genus, with its highest intergenomic similarities being 54.7% to another roseophage, R5C, and 42.0% to Pan1. By elucidating the unique characteristics of R26L, this study highlights the complexity of phage infections and the genomic diversity of roseophages, offering valuable insights into the ecological significance of Roseobacter–phage interactions in marine environments.
Extracellular vesicles modulate growth and stress adaptation in Fusarium circinatum
Authors: Ratsoma Francinah , Mokoena Nthabiseng , Mpupa Sokunene , Santana Quentin , Wingfield Brenda , Steenkamp Emma , Motaung Thabiso
Published: October 2024

The molecular mechanisms influencing Fusarium circinatum, an important pine tree pathogen, remain partially understood. We recently reported a biofilm-mediated response in this fungus, which supports its adaptation to harsh conditions including heat stress. Herein, we report that biofilm extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in this adaptive response. The EVs were purified from planktonic and biofilm cells via differential ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. Their subsequent application to fungal cells revealed the capacity of biofilm-derived EVs (bEVs) to promote conidial viability and germination. When bEV-treated conidia were cultured in the presence of carbon sources (PM1), nitrogen sources (PM3B), and chemical sensitivity agents (PM21D), a delayed nutrient utilization and adaptation to antimicrobial agents such as nystatin, was observed. Furthermore, exogenous application of bEVs on mono- and polymicrobial biofilms significantly enhanced biomass and matrix production, with EVs derived from heat-stressed biofilm (45 ºC, 1 hour) showing more effectiveness at promoting biomass production and resistance to the antifungal agent, tebuconazole. This is consistent with the biofilm’s heat resistance previously reported for F. circinatumbiofilms. Taken together, our work provides novel insights into the EV-mediated molecular interactions that modulate environmental responses in F. circinatum.