bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association between Travel Time and Prenatal Care Attendance
Authors: Maldonado Lauren Y. , Fryer Kimberly E. , Tucker Christine M. , Stuebe Alison M.
Published: June 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between a patient's travel time to clinic and her prenatal care attendance.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women (≥18 years) who received prenatal care and delivered at North Carolina Women's Hospital between July 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016 (n = 2,808 women, 24,021 appointments). We queried demographic data from the electronic medical record and calculated travel time with ArcGIS. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the association between travel time and attendance, adjusted for sociodemographic covariates.

Results For every 10 minutes of additional travel time, women were 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.08, p < 0.001) times as likely to arrive late and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04, p < 0.001) times as likely to cancel appointments than arrive on time. Travel time did not significantly affect a patient's likelihood of not showing for appointments. Non-Hispanic black patients were 71% more likely to arrive late and 51% more likely to not show for appointments than non-Hispanic white patients (p < 0.05). Publicly insured women were 28% more likely to arrive late to appointments and 82% more likely to not show for appointments than privately insured women (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Changes to transportation availability alone may only modestly affect outcomes compared with strategically improving access for sociodemographically marginalized women.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: June 2019

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse ausgewählter Kliniken
Digitalisierung und Automatisierung: Robotik im Krankenhaus
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: June 2019

Der Fachkräftemangel entpuppt sich zunehmend als treibende Kraft einer zunehmenden Digitalisierung im Krankenhauswesen. Gleichzeitig werden Robotik und Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) als zukunftsträchtige Lösungsansätze gesehen. Die Krankenhauslogistik bietet sich dabei als ideales Anwendungsfeld an.
Auswirkung der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeitswelt: Mitarbeiter unzureichend beteiligt
Authors: Bräutigam Christoph
Published: June 2019

Der digitale Wandel ist mehr als die Einführung neuer Technik. Die systematische Beteiligung der Beschäftigten stellt einen Schlüsselfaktor für die erfolgversprechende Gestaltung der Digitalisierung dar. So kann Digitalisierung bedarfsgerecht und anwenderorientiert gelingen. Leider steht es um die Beteiligung in Krankenhäusern bisher nicht gut.
40 Jahre WGKT: Vernetzung heute so wichtig wie damals
Authors: Brüning Cord , Fouckhardt-Bradt Birgit , Thalmayr Maria
Published: June 2019

Vor rund 40 Jahren begann eine bis heute ungebrochen rasante Technisierung des Gesundheitswesens. Um die zunehmend komplexen Anlagen sicher zu betreiben, ersetzten nach und nach Ingenieure die früheren Hausmeister. Ihr Informationsbedürfnis zu stillen und Leitlinien für ein professionelles Technikmanagement im Krankenhaus zu erarbeiten, machte sich die WGKT zur Aufgabe.
A parallel algorithm to produce long polymer chains in molecular dynamics
Authors: Lemarchand C. A. , Bousquet D. , Schnell B. , Pineau N.
Published: June 2019

Generating initial configurations of polymer melts above the entanglement molecular weight is a challenge in molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. In this work, we adapt an algorithm mimicking a chemical polymerization to all-atom force fields. The principle of this algorithm is to start from a bath of monomers between which bonds are created and relaxed sequentially. Our implementation is parallel and efficient. The parallelization is that of a classical molecular dynamics code and enables the user to generate large systems, up to 7 × 106 atoms. The efficiency of the algorithm comes from the linear scaling between the simulation time and the chain length in the limit of very long chains. The implementation is able to produce long polymer chains, up to ∼2000 carbon atoms, with thermodynamic and local structural properties in good agreement with their experimental and numerical counterparts. Moreover, the chain conformations are close to being equilibrated right after the end of the polymerization process, corresponding to only a few hundred of picoseconds of simulation, despite a systematical drift from Gaussian-like behavior when the density of reactively available monomers decreases. Finally, the algorithm proposed in this work is versatile in nature because the bond creation can be easily modified to create copolymers, block copolymers, and mixtures of polymer melts with other material.
Fabrication of tungsten tip probes within 3 s by using flame etching
Authors: Yamaguchi Takayuki , Inami Eiichi , Goto Yuto , Sakai Yuta , Sasaki Satoru , Ohno Teruaki , Yamada Toyo Kazu
Published: June 2019

A tungsten (W) tip has been used as a standard tip probe because of its robustness at the highest boiling temperature; the use cases include a field emission (FE) electron source for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a scanning probe microscopy tip. The W tip probe has generally been fabricated through a chemical etching process with aqueous solutions. In this study, we propose a new method—flame etching. Without using aqueous solutions, a W tip probe was successfully fabricated within 3 s in air, which is very fast and convenient, and beneficial for mass production (additionally, no expensive setup is necessary). A W tip probe was obtained simply by putting a W wire into an oxygen-liquefied petroleum (O2+LP) gas flame (giving the highest temperature of ∼2300 K) through a microtorch for a few seconds. The obtained W tip provided atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopic images. Also, since FE electrons were detected by applying ∼106 V/m, the tip can be used as an FE-SEM source. Generation and vaporization of WO3 on the W surface are important processes to form a tip shape.
Evolution of protein interfaces in multimers and fibrils
Authors: Zabel W. Jeffrey , Hagner Kyle P. , Livesey Benjamin J. , Marsh Joseph A. , Setayeshgar Sima , Lynch Michael , Higgs Paul G.
Published: June 2019

A majority of cellular proteins function as part of multimeric complexes of two or more subunits. Multimer formation requires interactions between protein surfaces that lead to closed structures, such as dimers and tetramers. If proteins interact in an open-ended way, uncontrolled growth of fibrils can occur, which is likely to be detrimental in most cases. We present a statistical physics model that allows aggregation of proteins as either closed dimers or open fibrils of all lengths. We use pairwise amino-acid contact energies to calculate the energies of interacting protein surfaces. The probabilities of all possible aggregate configurations can be calculated for any given sequence of surface amino acids. We link the statistical physics model to a population genetics model that describes the evolution of the surface residues. When proteins evolve neutrally, without selection for or against multimer formation, we find that a majority of proteins remain as monomers at moderate concentrations, but strong dimer-forming or fibril-forming sequences are also possible. If selection is applied in favor of dimers or in favor of fibrils, then it is easy to select either dimer-forming or fibril-forming sequences. It is also possible to select for oriented fibrils with protein subunits all aligned in the same direction. We measure the propensities of amino acids to occur at interfaces relative to noninteracting surfaces and show that the propensities in our model are strongly correlated with those that have been measured in real protein structures. We also show that there are significant differences between amino acid frequencies at isologous and heterologous interfaces in our model, and we observe that similar effects occur in real protein structures.
Variational approach to rare event simulation using least-squares regression
Authors: Hartmann Carsten , Kebiri Omar , Neureither Lara , Richter Lorenz
Published: June 2019

We propose an adaptive importance sampling scheme for the simulation of rare events when the underlying dynamics is given by diffusion. The scheme is based on a Gibbs variational principle that is used to determine the optimal (i.e., zero-variance) change of measure and exploits the fact that the latter can be rephrased as a stochastic optimal control problem. The control problem can be solved by a stochastic approximation algorithm, using the Feynman–Kac representation of the associated dynamic programming equations, and we discuss numerical aspects for high-dimensional problems along with simple toy examples.
Modulation instability and soliton formation in the interaction of X-ray laser beam with relativistic quantum plasma
Authors: Roozehdar Mogaddam R. , Sepehri Javan N. , Javidan K. , Mohammadzadeh H.
Published: June 2019

In this theoretical study, based on a nonlinear wave equation describing the interaction of fields of an X-ray laser beam with relativistic quantum plasma, modulation instability and formation of solitary waves are investigated. Analytical expressions are derived for the growth rate of modulation instability and electromagnetic envelope solitons. The frequency interval of instability and the dependence of the growth rate on some physical parameters such as the initial laser beam amplitude and frequency are considered. Additionally, the effect of the laser amplitude on the solitary waves is studied. It is shown that quantum effects lead to the reduction of nonlinearity of plasma.
Guided proposals for efficient weighted stochastic simulation
Authors: Gillespie Colin S. , Golightly Andrew
Published: June 2019

Rare event probabilities play an important role in the understanding of the behavior of biochemical systems. Due to the intractability of the most natural Markov jump process representation of a system of interest, rare event probabilities are typically estimated using importance sampling. While the resulting algorithm is reasonably well developed, the problem of choosing a suitable importance density is far from straightforward. We therefore leverage recent developments on simulation of conditioned jump processes to propose an importance density that is simple to implement and requires no tuning. Our results demonstrate superior performance over some existing approaches.
Vectorial observation of the spin Seebeck effect in epitaxial NiFe2O4 thin films with various magnetic anisotropy contributions
Authors: Li Zhong , Krieft Jan , Singh Amit Vikram , Regmi Sudhir , Rastogi Ankur , Srivastava Abhishek , Galazka Zbigniew , Mewes Tim , Gupta Arunava , Kuschel Timo
Published: June 2019

We have developed a vectorial type of measurement for the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in epitaxial NiFe2O4 thin films which have been grown by pulsed laser deposition on MgGa2O4 with (001) and (011) orientations as well as CoGa2O4 (011), thus varying the lattice mismatch and crystal orientation. We confirm that a large lattice mismatch leads to strain anisotropy in addition to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the thin films using vibrating sample magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Moreover, we show that the existence of a magnetic strain anisotropy in NiFe2O4 thin films significantly impacts the shape and magnitude of the magnetic-field-dependent SSE voltage loops. We further demonstrate that bidirectional field-dependent SSE voltage curves can be utilized to reveal the complete magnetization reversal process, which establishes a vectorial magnetometry technique based on a spin caloric effect.
Atomic picture of structural relaxation in silicate glasses
Authors: Song Weiying , Li Xin , Wang Bu , Anoop Krishnan N. M. , Goyal Sushmit , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Mauro John C. , Hoover Christian G. , Bauchy Mathieu
Published: June 2019

As nonequilibrium materials, glasses continually relax toward the supercooled liquid state. However, the atomic-scale origin and mechanism of glass relaxation remain unclear. Here, based on molecular dynamics simulations of sodium silicate glasses quenched with varying cooling rates, we show that structural relaxation occurs through the transformation of small silicate rings into larger ones. We demonstrate that this mechanism is driven by the fact that small rings (<6-membered) are topologically overconstrained and experience some internal stress. At the atomic level, such stress manifests itself by a competition between radial and angular constraints, wherein the weaker bond-bending constraints yield to the stronger bond-stretching ones. These results strongly echo von Neumann's N − 6 rule in grain growth theory and suggest that the stability of both atomic rings and two-dimensional crystal grains is fully topological in nature.
Adhesion and electronic structures of Cu/Zn2SnO4 interfaces: A first-principles study
Authors: Li Wei-Jian , Shao Wen-Zhu , Chen Qing , Sui Xiao-Han , Han Yu , Chen Bao-An , Wang Qiang , Zhen Liang
Published: June 2019

Detailed insights into metal/ternary ceramic interfaces at the atomic and electronic scales are highly desirable for the development of a fundamental understanding of interfacial interactions. As a typical ternary ceramic, Zn2SnO4 exhibits excellent compatibility with metals; however, the unclear adhesive mechanism significantly limits the rational design and optimization of Zn2SnO4/metal composites with stable interfaces for specific applications. In this paper, we investigate Cu/Zn2SnO4 adhesive and interfacial characteristics via first-principles calculations. The universal binding energy and relaxation methods are applied sequentially to determine the adhesion strengths of various Cu/Zn2SnO4 interfacial structures. The work of separation (Wsep) indicates that O-rich Cu(111)/Zn2SnO4(111) (denoted as interface I) provides the preferred orientation relationship and atomic structure. We compare the interfacial adhesion strengths and stabilities of Cu/Zn2SnO4 interface I and other Cu/binary ceramics using their relaxed Wsep values. We find that the multication ceramic Zn2SnO4 exhibits a strong affinity for the Cu metal. Analysis of Cu–O bond lengths and coordination structures reveals that strong adhesion between Cu and Zn2SnO4 depends heavily on tetrahedral coordination structures constructed of short strong Cu–O bonds. The electronic structures within the Cu/Zn2SnO4 interface are further analyzed to elucidate relevant atomic interactions and bonding characteristics. Charge transfer and redistribution generate Cu–O bonds with a polar-covalent character, which contribute to enhanced interfacial adhesion strength and maintain interfacial stability. Our work discloses the atomic and electronic structures of Cu/Zn2SnO4 and extends the rational and effective designs of metal/ternary ceramic materials for various applications.
Meandering growth of in-plane silicon nanowire springs
Authors: Sun Ying , Dong Taige , Wang Junzhuan , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere , Yu Linwei
Published: June 2019

Despite the fundamental difference in material systems and temporal evolution, self-oscillating growth of silicon nanowires (SiNWs), led by metal droplets, resembles very much natural river meanders in terms of their sinuosity, fractal dimensions, and scaling law. Both of them are driven by the release of higher potential energy stored in the disorder hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) matrix or at highlands, tailored by a streamwise flow mechanism and subject to an erodible boundary constraint imposed by the a-Si:H thin film or the soil banks, respectively. Under specific conditions, the cross-droplet/stream velocity difference can be magnified, during the in-plane growth of SiNWs, to stimulate regular swaggering dynamics that produce continuous and smooth SiNW meanders. This interesting phenomenon indicates a rather simple and highly efficient strategy to shape complex elastic channels with only a few control parameters. A kinetic model has been established to explain the underlying mechanism of the self-oscillating meandering growth, which has unique potential to transform rigid SiNW channels into elastic forms for flexible or stretchable electronic applications.
High-temperature (350 °C) oxidized iridium Schottky contacts on
β
-Ga2O3
Authors: Hou Caixia , Makin Robert A. , York Krystal R. , Durbin Steven M. , Scott Jonty I. , Gazoni Rodrigo M. , Reeves Roger J. , Allen Martin W.
Published: June 2019

Oxidized iridium (IrOx) Schottky contacts (SCs) with excellent high temperature stability were fabricated on 2¯01 β-Ga2O3 single crystal substrates. These IrOx:β-Ga2O3 SCs were operated at temperatures from 24 to 350 °C with only a very small increase in reverse leakage current, while maintaining extremely high rectification ratios (at ±3 V) of more than 10 orders of magnitude at all temperatures, including 350 °C. This remarkable high temperature performance was due to their very high and thermally stable rectifying barriers that, after an initial heat-related improvement, were characterized by zero-bias effective barrier heights of 2.05 ± 0.02 eV and ideality factors of 1.05–1.10, which were almost unchanged by further repeated operation at 350 °C. The reverse leakage current density at 350 °C was only ∼2.3 × 10−9 A cm−2 (∼3.0 pA) at −3 V and ∼7.5 × 10−8 A cm−2 (∼100 pA) at −100 V. These IrOx:β-Ga2O3 SCs represent a significant improvement in high-temperature β-Ga2O3 SC performance, with considerable potential for the fabrication of high temperature β-Ga2O3 rectifying diodes, deep UV photodetectors, and metal-semiconductor field effect transistors.
Open system dynamics using Gaussian-based multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree wavefunctions: Application to environment-modulated tunneling
Authors: Picconi David , Burghardt Irene
Published: June 2019

A variational approach for the quantum dynamics of statistical mixtures is developed, which is based upon the representation of the natural states of the mixture in terms of hybrid Gaussian-based Multiconfiguration Time-Dependent Hartree (G-MCTDH) wavefunctions. The method, termed ρG-MCTDH, is combined with a treatment of dissipation and decoherence based on the nonstochastic open-system Schrödinger equations. The performance and the convergence properties of the approach are illustrated for a two-dimensional tunneling system, where the primary tunneling coordinate, represented by flexible single-particle functions, is resonantly coupled to a second harmonic mode, represented by Gaussian wave packets. The harmonic coordinate is coupled to the environment and two different processes are studied: (i) vibrational relaxation at zero temperature described by a master equation in the Lindblad form and (ii) thermalization induced by the Caldeira-Leggett master equation. In the second case, the evolution from a quantum tunneling regime to a quasistationary classical-limit distribution, driven by the heat bath, is visualized using a flux analysis.
Correlated protein conformational states and membrane dynamics during attack by pore-forming toxins
Authors: Ponmalar Ilanila I. , Cheerla Ramesh , Ayappa K. Ganapathy , Basu Jaydeep K.
Published: June 2019

Significance

Listeriolysin O (LLO), a pore-forming toxin expressed by
Listeria monocytogenes
, plays a critical role in assisting bacteria escape the phagocytic vacuole. To evolve a suitable defense mechanism against LLO-mediated infections, a microscopic understanding of the process of vacuole disruption and consequent immune evasion is needed. Using a combination of imaging and dye-leakage kinetics on giant unilamellar vesicles along with atomistic simulations, we illustrate the intimate coupling between membrane-bound LLO conformations, pore formation, and phospholipid reorganization implicated in the leakage kinetics. This study has direct bearing on our understanding of membrane disruption by pore-forming toxins and lipid-reorganization events known to play an important role in signal transduction in cells.
Sensorimotor brain dynamics reflect architectural affordances
Authors: Djebbara Zakaria , Fich Lars Brorson , Petrini Laura , Gramann Klaus
Published: June 2019

Anticipating meaningful actions in the environment is an essential function of the brain. Such predictive mechanisms originate from the motor system and allow for inferring actions from environmental affordances, and the potential to act within a specific environment. Using architecture, we provide a unique perspective on the ongoing debate in cognitive neuroscience and philosophy on whether cognition depends on movement or is decoupled from our physical structure. To investigate cognitive processes associated with architectural affordances, we used a mobile brain/body imaging approach recording brain activity synchronized to head-mounted displays. Participants perceived and acted on virtual transitions ranging from nonpassable to easily passable. We found that early sensory brain activity, on revealing the environment and before actual movement, differed as a function of affordances. In addition, movement through transitions was preceded by a motor-related negative component that also depended on affordances. Our results suggest that potential actions afforded by an environment influence perception.
Quantitative imaging of anion exchange kinetics in halide perovskites
Authors: Zhang Ye , Lu Dylan , Gao Mengyu , Lai Minliang , Lin Jia , Lei Teng , Lin Zhenni , Quan Li Na , Yang Peidong
Published: June 2019

Significance

Fundamental understanding of chemical transformation mechanism in solid-state semiconductors can offer guidelines for engineering these materials with various functionalities. Microscopically resolving such transformation process on the single-particle level can provide a direct picture of the dynamics, but has always been challenging due to the deficiencies of characterization techniques and material dimensions. This work presents a unique design on realizing the quantitative imaging of anion exchange reaction kinetics in halide perovskites by taking advantage of their high and tunable photoluminescence and characteristic lattice dynamics, coupled with controllable chemical treatments and optical microscopic techniques. Our study on kinetically visualizing ion exchange behavior in solid-state materials could also inspire mechanistic insights into other phenomena in a broad context of physical science.
Morality, moral order, and language conflict and aggression
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , Parvaresh Vahid , Ning Puyu
Published: June 2019

In this position paper, we provide an overview of what we regard as the most important features of the relationship between the moral order and morality in the context of language conflict and aggression. While in previous pragmatic research the concepts of morality and moral order have been rarely brought together, we illustrate that they are inseparable, in particular in the context of conflict and aggression. We propose an analytic model – with replicability in mind – which captures the dynamic relationship between these phenomena: the model is centred on the idea that perceived (a) violations of the moral order, (b) breaches of moral norms, principles and ideologies, (c) conflict and (d) aggression constitute a cluster. The explanatory power of this dynamics resides in the fact that it can account for a variety of seemingly unrelated scenarios, such as conflicts triggered by the violation of interactional norms vs. rites of moral aggression. Along with detailing the model, we explore the relationship between various methodologies through which one can examine morality and the moral order in the context of language conflict and aggression.
Everyday incivility and the urban interaction order
Authors: Horgan Mervyn
Published: June 2019

Treating uncivil encounters as breaches of the ritual contract of civil inattention (Goffman 1963), this article connects ritualized interaction between strangers in everyday life and the production and maintenance of moral order more generally. The ongoing enactment of the ritual of civil inattention maintains and characterizes the particular kind of moral order that strangers collectively produce in urban public spaces.

Drawing on select empirical materials – from unsolicited commentary to queue-jumping – gathered under the auspices of the Researching Incivility in Everyday Life (RIEL) Project this article builds upon the ‘everyday incivilities’ approach pioneered bySmith, Phillips and King (2010)to examine moral dimensions of everyday encounters between strangers. Preliminary analysis of the RIEL data indicates that ritual dimensions of interaction between strangers in public space provide interactants withmoral affordances, that is, opportunities to align themselves with an idealized moral order through projective moral action.
Lexical change often begins and ends in semantic
peripheries
Authors: Vejdemo Susanne
Published: June 2019

The article discusses semantic change and lexical replacement
processes in the color domain, based on color naming studies in seven Germanic
languages (where diachronic intra-linguistic development is inferred from
cross-linguistic synchronic studies) and from different generations of speakers
in a single language (Swedish). Change in the color domain often begins and ends
in conceptual peripheries, and I argue that this perspective is suitable for
other semantic domains as well.
Using data-mining to identify and study patterns in lexical
innovation on the web
Authors: Kerremans Daphné , Prokić Jelena , Würschinger Quirin , Schmid Hans-Jörg
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the NeoCrawler – a tailor-made webcrawler,
which identifies and retrieves neologisms from the Internet and systematically
monitors the use of detected neologisms on the web by means of weekly searches.
It enables researchers to use the web as a corpus in order to investigate the
dynamics of lexical innovation on a large-scale and systematic basis. The
NeoCrawler represents an innovative web-mining tool which opens up new
opportunities for linguists to tackle a number of unresolved and
under-researched issues in the field of lexical innovation. This paper presents
the design as well as the most important characteristics of two modules, the
Discoverer and the Observer, with regard to the usage-based study of lexical
innovation and diffusion.
Cognitive constraints in English lexical blending
Authors: Kjellander Daniel
Published: June 2019

The complex characteristics of lexical blending have long troubled mainstream word formation research to the extent that it has typically been considered a peripheral issue in linguistics. In recent years this has begun to change, and there is currently a growing body of evidence uncovering the intriguing nature of this word formation process. In the present study, underlying principles and usage-based aspects of lexical blends were examined. Analyses of derivatives of three matrix words,republican, liberal, andvegetarian, revealed the impact of three cognitive constraints on the use of lexical blends: schema transfer effects, neighborhood effects, and effects of the influence from morphological lexicalization. The first constraint fueled blend formation, while the other two displayed a hampering effect on the use of lexical blending. Furthermore, a study of the word class distribution in the datasets showed that there were significant differences in the grammar of lexical blending and compounding, respectively.
Oxygen and potassium vacancies in KTP calculated from first principles
Authors: Bocchini A , Neufeld S , Gerstmann U , Schmidt W G
Published: June 2019

The atomic geometry and energetics of oxygen and potassium vacancies in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) as well as their electronic and optical properties are studied within density-functional theory in dependence of their charge state. Oxygen vacancies formed between Ti and P are characterized by a negative-U behavior. Their neutral charge state is favored for Fermi levels near the conduction band and gives rise to a defect level in the band gap, which leads to an additional optical absorption peak. In contrast, the two-fold positive charge state, stable for low and intermediate values of the Fermi level, modifies the KTP optical response only slightly. Oxygen vacancies formed between two Ti atoms are two-fold positively charged, while potassium vacancies are negatively charged irrespective of the Fermi level position. In both these cases, the KTP optical response is essentially not affected.
High-resolution mapping of aboveground biomass for forest carbon monitoring system in the Tri-State region of Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware, USA
Authors: Huang Wenli , Dolan Katelyn , Swatantran Anu , Johnson Kristofer , Tang Hao , O’Neil-Dunne Jarlath , Dubayah Ralph , Hurtt George
Published: June 2019

Accurate estimation of forest aboveground biomass at high-resolution continues to remain a challenge and long-term goal for carbon monitoring and accounting systems. Here, we present an exhaustive evaluation and validation of a robust, replicable and scalable framework that maps forest aboveground biomass over large areas at fine-resolution by linking airborne lidar and field data with machine learning algorithms. We developed this framework over multiple phases of bottom-up monitoring efforts within NASA’s Carbon Monitoring Program. Lidar data were collected by different local and federal agencies and provided a wall-to-wall coverage of three states in the USA (Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware with a total area of 157 865 km2). We generated a set of standardized forestry metrics from lidar-derived imagery (i.e. canopy height model, CHM) to minimize inconsistency of data quality. We then estimated plot-scale biomass from field data that had the closet acquisition time to lidar data, and linked to lidar metrics using Random Forest models at four USDA Forest Service ecological regions. Additionally, we examined pixel-scale errors using independent field plot measurements across these ecoregions. Collectively, we estimate a total of ∼680 Tg C in aboveground biomass over the Tri-State region (13 DE, 103 MD, 564 PA) circa 2011. A comparison with existing products at pixel-, county-, and state-scale highlighted the contribution of trees over ‘non-forested’ areas, including urban trees and small patches of trees, an important biomass component largely omitted by previous studies due to insufficient spatial resolution. Our results indicated that integrating field data and low point density (∼1 pt m−2) airborne lidar can generate large-scale aboveground biomass products at an accuracy close to mainstream lidar forestry applications (R2 = 0.46–0.54, RMSE = 51.4–54.7 Mg ha−1; andR2 = 0.33–0.61, RMSE = 65.3–100.9 Mg ha−1; independent validation). Local, high-resolution lidar-derived biomass maps such as products from this study, provide a valuable bottom-up reference to improve the analysis and interpretation of large-scale mapping efforts and future development of a national carbon monitoring system.
Characterising the relationship between forest dependent peoples and state forest management institutions in the Global South
Authors: Vasan Sudha , Mehta Varsha , Tribhuvan Prasenjeet
Published: June 2019

Relationships are the elementary forms of social life that animate structures and processes between and among individuals, groups and institutions, and are in turn transformed by them. Relationships between forest dependent peoples (FP) and state forest management institutions (FD) are central to forestry practice yet seldom the focus of research studies. Whereas decentralization and participatory institutions have received much attention in research and practice, relationships that underpin them have remained largely unaddressed. This paper utilizes an adaptation of the systematic review method to synthesize findings on the nature of this relationship in the Global South. We reviewed 135 articles published between 1997 and 2017, selected following a systematic article search and selection protocol on JSTOR and Google Scholar. History, as expected, is a living referent in shaping contemporary relations, accounting for tremendous diversity across the Global South. We identified key concepts from literature across this diversity, and synthesized them using five overlapping thematic codes: (a) asymmetries of power; (b) access to and control over productive resources; (c) knowledge, perceptions and attitudes; (d) stratification and heterogeneity; and (e) external influences. Numerical analysis of article meta-data revealed that research is attentive to the FP–FD relationship primarily in the context of decentralization or community participatory policies and projects. Well-designed policies, projects, institutions and effective individuals create opportunities for partial, temporary and symbolic transformation in the FP–FD relationship. However, structural power asymmetry between FD and FP, historically established, and reproduced through social inequalities and hierarchies, sustains. The content of social relationships overflow sector specific transformations. Reflecting on the scope of systematic review as method in synthesis of qualitative research, we found that although loss of context specificity is a disadvantage, systematic review can be productively adapted to explore neglected issues as we do in our study with relationships, through analysis of empirical data in studies with other objectives.
A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach for Determining the Criteria Success Factors of MRT Parts’ e-Procurement: the Case of Jakarta MRT Project
Authors: Hartanto T , Ginting M , Sunardi O
Published: June 2019

The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) project is conducted by the central government in cooperation with the provincial government of DKI Jakarta and supported by the Japanese government through Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The government goal is to create good e-Governance for the MRT project, and together initiate the use of e-Supply Chain Management (e-SCM), especially the e-Procurement, for the entire project. Technological innovation which is collaborated within the e-SCM becomes a very important aspect to support the e-Governance. This paper aims to determine the criteria and sub-criteria of success of the implementation of MRT parts’ e-Procurement, and to determine the priorities of the MRT parts’ e-Procurement process for the provincial government of DKI Jakarta. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process was employed to explore and simulate the level of importance of criteria and sub-criteria, in relations with the successful implementation of e-Procurement in MRT project. Top management commitment was found to be the most influential criteria by 0.334, followed by government policy and regulation (0.305), technology infrastructure (0.176), value acquisition (0.103), and suppliers’ relations (0.082).
The Survey on the Perception of Safety and Security Culture for Nuclear Workers
Authors: Prabaswari Atyanti Dyah , Dharmastiti Rini
Published: June 2019

A survey was developed to evaluate employee perceptions of the safety culture and culture of nuclear security. The survey was made up of 52 questions divided into 13 factors: leadership, involvement of employee, work environment, employee competence, management commitment, procedures, leader attitude, training and qualifications, employee attitude, implementation and operation, integrated safety, self-assessment, belief. The survey was conducted on 125 employees working in nuclear area. A survey were conducted between February and May 2016. A numerical value was given to each question, so that the results of the survey were represented as a score. The data reveal that age group 60-69 years dominate by having the best perception on 6 factors. The overall value of factors, the company is included in rank B. The relationship between the long term period of working and to the value of rank does not show the relationship trend. MANOVA analysis showed that if multivariate test was done together, the thirteen factors did not show any differences on the group lenght of working. However, if analyzed individually, it turns out the Training and Qualification factors have different effects on the group of long term period of working.
Design of Mechanical Roasting Machine using Ergonomic Approach to Increase Productivity of Small Medium Enterprise: A Research at Opak Craftsmen in Sumedang
Authors: Tripiawan W , Amani Husni , El Hadi R M , Sagita B H , Martini S
Published: June 2019

The object of this research is small and medium micro enterprises that make sticky “Opak” with a manual process. The process of ripening food by roasting, where food is placed on a ram wire that is placed on top of the fire stove. The quality of the opaque produced is very dependent on the skills of the employees and the accuracy of flipping through the opaque to obtain good results. In fact, the opaque quality of roasting results varies. Besides, limited production results, causing high demand from customers often cannot be fulfilled by the “Opak” craftsmen. To overcome this problem, the research team designed ripening of glutinous “Opak” with roller method. This sticky rice opaque machine with roller method uses electric power with a low-speed level, so the craftsmen can easily control the maturity level of food ingredients. With the making of the “Opak” sticking machine in the roller method, it is expected that the ripening process can be done with a machine and the maturity level can be uniform; so that the production process is not limited by employee skills; and customer requests can be met.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (Fuzzy FMEA) Implementation for Forklift Risk Management in Manufacturing Company PT.XYZ
Authors: Suryoputro Muhammad Ragil , Khairizzahra  , Sari Amarria Dila , Widiatmaka Nawang Wahyu
Published: June 2019

Company improvements and evaluations must always be carried out by companies to improve company performances. One of the factors that influence the performance was the smooth production on machine performance. Good risk management was one of the keys to maintaining a smooth production process. This research was conducted at a manufacturing company, PT. XYZ, to carry out risk management on machines that had low performance. From the results of the quarterly report to the four parts of maintenance, the forklift was a machine and facility with the lowest NPM (Quality Performance Score-QPS). The method used in this research was Fuzzy FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), in order to obtain priority in repair and maintenance of forklifts. The result of this study was that the failure mode of the hydraulic hose rupture got the highest FRPN (Fuzzy RPN) value of 631 so that the hydraulic part with the failure mode of the broken hydraulic hose was recommended to be the main focus in the repair and maintenance of the forklift. The result of using Fuzzy FMEA was more proposed as a reference focus to get more objective risk management compared to conventional FMEA results in machine repair and maintenance.
Designing Self-Assessment Tool for Library Performance Measurement Adopting Malcolm Baldrige Framework (Case Study: Central Library of Andalas University)
Authors: Putri N T , Jumeno D , Henmaidi  , Wirdianto E , Fithri P , Zulkhaira F
Published: June 2019

Currently, competitions between universities at the national and international levels become tighter. Every university gives the best effort. They develop every aspect of the university’s pillars quality to get more attention. These aspects include curriculum so that each student can learn more in an organized way. The same also applied for its facilities so that each student never lack of supporting tools and a delightful environment to learn. Even the lecturers are the best in their field so as to educate quality students. This happens not only in the national but also at the international level. In accordance with the proverbs often heard, ‘library is the heart of the university’. Naturally the library becomes an important part of the university. Library of Andalas University has been awarded ‘excellent’ on a national scale by BAN-PT, according to SNI 7330.2009 and SNP 010: 2011. This achievement also requires library to maintain their quality. In line with Andalas University goal to obtain international recognition, library also need acquire ISO certification as in ISO 11620. The framework corresponding to the library’s performance appraisal tool is MBNQA (Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award), because MBNQA is the best management guide for organizations in order to achieve high quality and world-class certification. Thus, to obtain certification of international standards and maintain it, designing a new library performance appraisal tool is necessary. This new assessment tool will adopt MBNQA framework using national scale by BAN-PT and ISO 11620 indicator. The process to make new assessment tool will be assist by AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method.
Schedule Risk Analysis by Different Phases of Construction Project Using CPM-PERT and Monte-Carlo Simulation
Authors: Hendradewa Andrie Pasca
Published: June 2019

Construction project is an important activity along with the increasing need of infrastructure and residential building. Construction projects with different investment value and complexity level affect the completion duration of construction work. The higher the value or the more complex the building, the longer time required to accomplish the construction project. During the construction process, it is possible to find risks both from internal and external management which potentially cause project overdue that will lead to cost overruns. This study focused on assessing and managing schedule risk in three main phases of construction project, such as: feasibility study, design, and construction. A certain sample of residential building project was choosen as study case. In this study, mathematical approaches are used by performing CPM-PERT and Monte-Carlo simulation method. The results of this study can be used to help project managers to minimize potential risks by projecting simulation results and to assess if a project can be completed in timely manner according to given schedule.
Integer Linear Programming Model and Algorithm to Integrate Heuristics Scheduling EDD, Inventory Control and Distribution Problems in a Modular Production System
Authors: Moengin P , Harahap E F , Adisuwiryo S , Fransiska W A
Published: June 2019

In this paper, a two-stage algorithm developed for the cutting sequencing problem in a modular manufacturing system. This system has a level of flexibility depends on the cutting stage of raw material. This paper focuses primarily on the work station. In the first stage of the algorithm, an integer linear programming model is used to determine the number of hardboards that will be cut. The model was tested with two different objective function is to minimize waste and to minimize the number of hardboards used. In the second stage, a heuristic developed a scheduling pattern of cutting, where the due date and the number of requests demand a consideration. This algorithm is further implemented in a furniture manufacturer that operates using the make-to-order basis.
Genetic Algorithm for Waste Transportation Route in Eastern Bandung (Case Study: PD. Kebersihan Kota Bandung)
Authors: Yogaswara Y , Saputra L S M D
Published: June 2019

VRP highly close related with distance and cost minimization. PD. Kebersihan Kota Bandung has been facing one of the problem related with vehicle routing since this company has not have a fixed route for waste transportation because of their limited vehicle used and it will cost them a lot more if they have to add more vehicle to handle this. Therefore, research on VRP for this case has been done especially in West Bandung Region to find a better solution to reduce total distances and cost in which the company have to pay out. Method used to solve this problem is Genetic Algorithm with Clarke and Wright Saving used first to find initial solution. Genetic Algorithm is problem independent, it means that it can solve a lot of problems in a different field and still have probability to keep continuing to find the best solution including global search. Based on researh that has been done, there are three route with three trucks created with total volume for each vehicle on those route which are 7,053 m3, 6,753 m3, and 6,903 m3 with total distance 65,33 km.
Domino algorithm: a novel constructive heuristics for traveling salesman problem
Authors: Ismail Asrul Harun
Published: June 2019

Developing algorithms for solving complex optimisation problems has become a challenging topic recently. This study has applied a novel constructive heuristics algorithm named Domino Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) case which is aimed to efficiently reduce the calculation complexity and to find the optimal results of TSP best solution of tour lengths. As the study is a basic version of Domino Algorithm, it is decided to use the small TSP data sets consisting of 100 cities or less, such as Eil51, Berlin52, St70, Eil76, Pr76, and Rat99. This study also applied Nearest Neighbor approach to compare its result with that of Domino Algorithm. The results have shown that better tour lengths were achieved by Domino Algorithm (using 1 or 2 player (s)) for Eil51, Eil76, St70, Rat 99; and were resulted by Nearest Neighbor for Berlin52, and Pr76. For further research, the algorithm should be intensively combined with applying the improvement heuristic and should also be hybridized with meta-heuristics algorithm focusing on finding the optimal results by which the application will be moreover quite simple and easy.
The Effect of The Processing Time’s Variance to The Performance of Sequencing Rule
Authors: Sari Arum , Yulia Y C
Published: June 2019

SPT was the most studied rule in sequencing. Most of the research concluded that SPT was the best rule but other research concluded that SPT did not achieve the best performance. Studies shown that performance varies due to a great different environments because there were so many factors affected the performance. One of the factors that lead to differences in the conclusions was varying of processing time. The objective of the paper was to evaluate the effect of processing time’s variance to the performance of sequencing rules. Only processing time variance was being investigated while number of machine was treated as nuisance factor. To achieve this objective, an experiment was designed and the experiment result was analyzed using anova. Performance measure used in the experiment was lateness. Only five sequencing rules were used. The rules were First In First Out (FIFO), EDD, SPT and Slack Time. The experiment found that for a small number of job, the effect of processing time’s variance was not significant to the performance of sequencing rule. For large number of jobs, processing time’s variance had a significant effect on the performance of sequencing rule. For further research, more sequencing rule to be consider while some assumptions is relaxed.
Line Balancing with Reduced Number of Operator: A Productivity Improvement
Authors: Hasta A , Harwati
Published: June 2019

The Objective of this research was to improve the productivity and efficiency in a line process of a case study. The observation showed that current efficiency was about 87% and operator productivity was about 13.3 pcs/hour/man power. Productivity improvement can be reached by three step. First, identification and reduction of non-added value activity. There are 13 non value added activities which are prioritized to be eliminated based on Pareto principles. Second, the reduction number of operators while doing the third step: reallocate the work of each operator after reduction. Operator reduction is done from 3 to 2 operators only. Then the job that is already efficient from the stepped operator is moved to two other operators. After repairing and balancing tasks for each operator, the efficiency value becomes 96% and productivity increases to 20.5 pcs/hour/man power and man power savings to two men power.