bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity evaluation of ballast water discharged at The Onne Port complex using the microtox assay
Authors: Ojesanmi A.S. , Ohimain E.I. , Inyang I.R.
Published: June 2021

Ballast water from ninety-six (96) International vessels calling the Onne Port complex were analyzed for physicochemical and acute toxicity test using the bioluminescence bacteria (Vibrio fisheri) from October 2015 to September 2016. The result of the microtox assay showed that the ballast water were generally toxic in the months under review. The Tanker vessels were generally more toxic than the RoRo/Container carriers. For the RoRo/Container carriers, the EC50 values for the 5 minutes and 15 minutes microtox assay ranged from 7.99± 2.45% in November, 2015 to 44.04±1.70% in June 2016 and 8.97±1.07% in November 2015 to 44.98±11.13% in June 2016. Similarly, for the tanker vessels, the EC50 values ranged from 5.63±1.97% in June 2016 to 28.17±1.71% in January 2016. In comparison to the reference chemical (Zinc sulphate) for the 5 minutes and 15 minutes microtox assay test, the EC50 values ranged from 1.00 ± 0.24% to 3.49±0.61% and 2.03±1.15% to 5.16±2.99% respectively. The seawater which served as controls were generally not toxic as the EC50 values was 100% from October 2015 to September 2016. The discharge of these ballast water poses a major environmental threat to the water quality and Port infrastructures at the Onne Port complex as contaminants may find their way into the food chain/food web and bioaccumulate in the tissues of indigenous biota (microorganisms, crabs, mangrove oysters and fin-fishes). This research work flags off the need for the regulators of Maritime Safety and Administration in Nigeria to monitor closely International vessels calling at major ports in Nigeria and the need to begin to domesticate some of the IMO guidelines on Ballast water management and ensure strict compliance.Key words: Ballast water, Toxicity, Vibrio fischeri, International Maritime Organization
Protective effect of crude polysaccharide from Pao-TianXiong derived from monkshood, against chronic renal failure in mice
Authors: Wang Lin , Fan Runyong , Geng Funeng , Gao Yongxiang , Huang Qinwan
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of crude polysaccharide isolated from pao-tian-xiong on chronic renal failure in mice, and its monosaccharide composition.

Methods: Male Kunming mice were orally treated with adenine (211.5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, followed by either crude polysaccharides (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg), or positive drug solution (jinguishenqi pill, 2000 mg/kg) for another 7 days (each group had 15 mice). Mice in normal and negative control groups were given saline. Mental and physical states, blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr), kidney morphological changes and organ indices were determined. Histopathological examination of spleen and kidney tissues was also performed. The monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharide was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results: Compared with negative control group, serum BUN (6.71 mmol/L vs. 8.61 mmol/L) and Cr (107.74 vs. 113.39 μmol/L) were significantly decreased by the crude polysaccharide isolate (p < 0.05), whereas epididymis index (0.2556 vs. 0.2135 %) and seminal vesicle index (0.5547 vs. 0.3945 %) were increased (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed that injuries to kidney, spleen, testis and epididymis decreased significantly. The crude polysaccharides contained mainly glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, mannose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid and xylose, and their contents ranged from 0.7 to 65 %.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the crude polysaccharides of Pao-tian-xiong ameliorates CRF symptoms in mice, thereby providing experimental evidence in support of its use as an anti-CRF drug.
Celastrus orbiculatus Celastraceae Thunb extracts inhibit proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by blocking NF-κB pathway
Authors: Hou Deqiang , Bai Ning , Wei Zicheng , Li Bang , Tang Genxiong , Gao Yufeng
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of action of Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE) on oral squamous carcinoma cells.

Methods: Tca8113 cells were divided into negative control and three COE treatment groups, viz, 20, 40, and 80 μg/mL of COE. Succinate dehydrogenase activity assay (MTT assay) and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by Transwell chamber and wound healing assays while relative protein expression was determined by Western blot.

Results: As the concentration of COE increased, the number of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase increased (p < 0.05), expressions of cell-cycle-related proteins decreased (p < 0.001); the number of apoptotic cells increased (p < 0.001), and the rates of cell migration and invasion decreased (p < 0.001). Exogenous COE significantly inhibited p-IκBα accumulation in the cytoplasm and induced IκBα accumulation. Nuclear p65 recruitment was reduced in cells treated with COE compared to untreated control cells (p < 0.001), suggesting that the classical NF-κB pathway was blocked by COE.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that COE inhibits the proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells while promoting apoptosis by blocking NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that Celastrus orbiculatus extract possesses a potential therapeutic effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Anti-asthmatic effect of laurotetanine extracted from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. root on ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma rats, and elucidation of its mechanism of action
Authors: Xing Xinxin , Wang Hai
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the anti-asthmatic effect of laurotetanine on allergic asthma rat model.

Methods: Laurotetanine was extracted from the roots of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Asthma was induced in rats by ovalbumin injection. Laurotetanine (20, 40, or 60 mg/kg) was administered orally to the rats for 21 days. Inflammatory cells and cytokines released by T-cell subsets Th1 and Th2 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine, in addition to expression of mucin 5AC (MUC-5AC), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and an inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) in lung tissues were also evaluated.

Results: Laurotetanine treatment (20, 40, 60 mg/kg) significantly reduced inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in treated rats compared with control animals (p < 0.01). Inflammatory cytokines, viz, interleukin (IL) -4, IL-6, IL-13 were also significantly (p < 0.01) decreased by laurotetanine treatment (20, 40, 60 mg/kg), whereas interferon gamma (IFN-γ) was increased (p < 0.01). Serum IgE and histamine were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) by laurotetanine (20, 40, 60 mg/kg). Furthermore, MUC5AC expression in lung tissues was significantly (p < 0.01) downregulated by laurotetanine (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg, but NF-κB and IκB were significantly (p < 0.01) upregulated by laurotetanine (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg).

Conclusion: Laurotetanine exerts an anti-asthmatic effect in rats by inhibition of IgE, histamine, and inflammatory reactions via down-regulating MUC5AC and NF-κB signaling pathways. This finding justifies the need for further development of laurotetanine as a potential anti-asthmatic drug.
Analysis of degree of errors in handwritten medication prescriptions in Rafha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Raja Maria Abdul Ghafoor , Aljuraisy Manal Naif , Alotaibi Nawaf Mohamed , Amjad Muhammad Wahab
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of handwritten prescription errors in Rafha Central Hospital in Saudi Arabia, and to determine the most predominant type of prescription error.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on randomly selected samples of hand-written prescriptions in out-patient and in-patient pharmacies of Rafha Central Hospital over a five-month period (October 2016 to February 2017). A data collection sheet specially designed for this purpose was used to collect relevant information. The collected prescriptions were analyzed for the presence of prescription errors based on prescription parameters defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and current guidelines published in British National Formulary (BNF). Descriptive statistics and Microsoft Office were used for processing and analyzing the data collected.

Results: Overall, 1019 prescription errors were identified. More than half of the total errors (610; 60 %) were associated with missing patient's information. Moreover, the parameters related to drug and prescriber information were absent in 204 (20 %) and 5 (0.4 %) prescriptions, respectively. In addition, 200 (19 %) miscellaneous errors related to date, legible handwriting and directions for patients were identified.

Conclusion: This study discovered errors in hand-written prescriptions. A majority of the prescriptions did not adhere to accepted guidelines. The most common errors are absence of generic names of drugs, non-indication of duration of therapy or prescriber’s contact address, and absence of patient’s weight. Moreover, illegible handwriting was obvious in a substantial number of prescriptions.
Interaction between green tea and perindopril reduces inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity
Authors: Fauzi Norsyahida Mohd , Kumolosasi Endang , Jasamai Malina , Azmi Norazrina
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the blood pressure-lowering effect of green tea (GT) extract alone and in combination with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, perindopril, on rats.

Methods: The study consisted of four groups of five spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR): negative control (2 % tragacanth mucilage), positive control group (perindopril, 0.36 mg/kg/day) and two treatment groups (green tea, 25 mg/kg/day; and combined green tea/perindopril). The treatments were given orally for 14 days. Systolic blood pressure was measured before and after treatment using the tail cuff technique. Angiotensin converting enzyme activity in the lung homogenate of the hypertensive rats was determined spectrophotometrically.

Results: Green tea extract significantly reduced the rats’ systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) but did not inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The combination of green tea extract with perindopril also caused a significant decline in blood pressure (p < 0.001). However, the green tea extract attenuated the inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by perindopril.

Conclusion: Green tea extract produces anti-hypertensive activity in rats, but its mechanism of action is not via inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme. The interaction of GT extract with perindopril results in a reduction of ACE inhibitory activity.
Notoginsenoside R1 improves monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via modulation NF-κB signaling in rats
Authors: Feng Yinglu , Hu Na , Tang Min , Yao Shanglong
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the potentials of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) in ameliorating inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT), and to examine the mechanisms underlying such effects.

Methods: Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups: control, MCT, MCT+5mg/kg NGR1, MCT+12.5mg/kg NGR1, and MCT + 25 mg/kg NGR1. Right cardiac catheterization was used to measure pulmonary hemodynamics. Pulmonary morphology was evaluated with the aid of H & E staining. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA, while levels of inflammation-associated factors in the lung were measured using RT-PCR. NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and IκBα (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha) protein levels were determined by western blot.

Results: Pulmonary hemodynamics and pulmonary morphology worsened following MCT injection and were accompanied by NF-κB pathway activation and elevated levels of inflammation-associated factors. In contrast, MCT treatment followed by NGR1 treatment ameliorated MCT-induced PAH by improving pulmonary hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular remodeling while reducing NF-κB activation and levels of inflammation-associated factors.

Conclusion: NGR1 exerts ameliorative effects on MCT-induced PAH by inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Therefore, NGR1 may be a new potential therapy for PAH.
Anti-nociceptive effect of gabapentin in mouse models of acute and chronic pain
Authors: Vasudevan Rajalakshimi , Batool Sadia , Kandasamy Geetha , Saeed Saleh Farhan , Saleh Nouf , Mohammed Maha , Awad Arwa Gursan
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of gabapentin in acute and chronic pain models.

Methods: Four mouse models of pain were used in this study. These comprised thermal tests (hot plate and tail immersion tests), and chemical tests (formalin and acetic acid-induced writhing tests). A total of seventy-two (72) albino mice weighing 25 - 40 g (mean weight = 32.5 ± 5.1 g) were used. In each test, the mice were randomly assigned to three sets of 6 mice each: control group, celecoxib group and drug treatment group. Each test was performed at intervals of 30, 60 and 90 min.

Results: During the acute phase, there was no significant decrease in foot raising (FR) or licking and biting (L & B) episodes among the groups (p > 0.05). However, these episodes were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the second delayed phase, in the celecoxib and drug-treated groups, when compared with normal control group. Gabapentin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased pain response throughout the course of the thermal tests. The number of writhes within 30 min were significantly reduced in celecoxib and gabapentin-treated animals, compared with negative control group (p < 0.05). Gabapentin produced approximately 60 % protection of writhing, similar to that produced by celecoxib, the standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used (61 %).

Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the gabapentin is effective against chronic inflammatory pain in mice and therefore can be potentially developed as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for humans.
Cytotoxic and antiviral potentials of Euphorbia milii var. splendens leaf against Peste des petits ruminant virus
Authors: Chaman Sadia , Khan Farrakh Zia , Khokhar Rabia , Maab Husnul , Qamar Shaista , Zahid Sahar , Ahmad Mobasher , Hussain Khalid
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To determine the cytotoxic and antiviral potentials of Euphorbia milii var. splendens leaf against Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV).

Methods: The methanol extract, as well as n- hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n- butanol fractions of E. milii leaves were screened for cytotoxic and antiviral activities against PPRV using Vero cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results: Non-cytotoxic concentrations with cell survival rate (CSP) greater than 50 % were considered virucidal. Methanol extract and fractions produced significant (p < 0.05) effects at all test concentrations against PPRV. The 50 % cytotoxic concentration (CC50) calculated was ≤ 25 µg/mL for extract and fractions. In antiviral assay, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and n-butanol fractions at all test concentrations ranging from 1.56 - 800 µg/mL were non-virucidal; even at their non-cytotoxic concentrations these fractions did not show antiviral activities. However, the methanol extract and its chloroform fractions showed significant (p < 0.05) virucidal potential.

Conclusion: The results suggest that further isolation of antiviral constituents from the fractions may open new horizons for the development of new antiviral agents.
Sulfanilamide benzotriazole tetrazole inhibits neuronal apoptosis in neonatal rats by targeting JNK and p38 MAPK pathways
Authors: Hu Xiaolin , Xiong Peng
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of sulfanilamide benzotriazole tetrazole (SBT) in neonatal rats exposed to isoflurane, and also to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Rat pups (n = 60) were randomly assigned to six groups of 10 pups each: normal control group, negative control group, 5 mg/kg SBT group, 10 mg/kg SBT group, 15 mg/kg SBT group, and 20 mg/kg SBT group. With exception of normal control group, pups were exposed to isoflurane (0.75 %) for 6 h on postnatal day 7. The negative control group was not treated, while pups in the four treatment groups received 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg SBT, respectively, 1 h after exposure to anaesthesia. TUNEL assay was used to determine the extent of apoptosis in cornu ammonis area-1 (CA-1), cornu ammonis area-3 (CA-3) and dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal tissues. Expressions of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins were determined using Western blotting. Evaluation of learning and memorizing ability was done using Morris water maze test.

Results: Isoflurane significantly increased the extent of apoptosis in CA-1, CA-3 and dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal tissues (p < 0.05). However, treatment with SBT significantly and dose-dependently reduced neuronal apoptosis (p < 0.05). The expression of caspase 3 was significantly upregulated by isoflurane, but was significantly and dose-dependently down-regulated by SBT (p < 0.05). Isoflurane significantly increased Bax expression, and decreased the expression of bcl-2 (p < 0.05). The effects of isoflurane on the expression of these proteins were significantly and dose-dependently reversed by SBT (p < 0.05). The expression of bcl xL in rat hippocampal tissues was significantly down-regulated by isoflurane, but was significantly and dose-dependently upregulated by SBT (p < 0.05). The escape latency of pups was significantly higher in negative control group than in normal control group, but SBT treatment significantly and dose-dependently reversed this trend (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These results suggest that SBT prevents neuronal apoptosis, and improves the ability to learn and memorize in neonatal rats exposed to isoflurane via regulation of apoptotic, JNK and p38 MAPK protein expressions.
Clinical epidemiology of individuals with Sickle cell anemia using Hydroxyurea at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Osati Elisha , Kija Edward , Urio Florence , Lyimo Magdalena , Nkya Siana , Mmbando Bruno , Sangeda Raphael , Mariki Harvest , Msaki Evarist , Mgaya Josephine , Soka Deogratias , Tluway Furahini , Rwezaura Stella , Kindole Christina , Makongoro Musa , Makubi Abel , Makani Julie
Published: June 2021

Background: The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) is complex and involves nitric oxide depletion, increased inflammation/adhesion molecules and vaso-occlusion in addition to the chronic hemolytic anemia. This pathophysiology results in systemic clinical complications including recurrent episodes of severe pain, stroke, acute chest syndrome (ACS) and an increased susceptibility to infection. SCD severity varies among individuals and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is known as a major modulator of the disease. To date, hydroxyurea (HU) is a known intervention that acts by increasing HbF in individuals with SCD. The increase in HbF reduces the risk of ‘sickling’ events and improves clinical outcomes. This is the first study on the use of HU in individuals with SCA in Tanzania.Methods: A case-control study to determine the proportion, indications, clinical and laboratory outcomes of SCD patients with HU use was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.Results: Forty-two patients with Sickle cell anemia (SCA) on HU treatment and 32 patients with SCA not on HU treatment were enrolled. The proportion of HU use by individuals with SCA at Muhimbili National Hospital was 10 per 1000. The mean HbF % was 9.8 ± 2.4 vs 6.2 ±1.4 for controls (P <0.001). Thirty (71.4%) were enrolled for HU treatment due to central nervous system (CNS) events, frequent painful crises 11(26.2%) and recurrent anemia 1(2.4%). Thirty-two SCA patients (76.2%) reported improvements after being on HU for at least six months. Of these, 91% reported no history of severe pain that required hospitalizations since they started HU. Twenty patients (66.7%) out of those with CNS events reported not to have experienced convulsions after HU initiation.Conclusions: HbF was higher in patients who were on HU and had positive correlation with clinical outcomes. Further clinical trials are required to evaluate more effects of HU use among SCA individuals in Tanzania.

Keywords: Sickle cell anemia, HU, Fetal hemoglobin, Tanzania.
Exodus of Clinicians from Public Sector to Non-Clinical Practice in Private Sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania; Exploring the Drivers
Authors: Temu Elice , Frumence Gasto , Sirili Nathanael
Published: June 2021

Background: Globally, shortage of clinicians health workforce is among the major challenges facing the health systems of many countries including Tanzania. Migration of medical doctors from clinical practice to non-clinical practice partly contributes to this challenge. This study aimed to explore factors influencing Medical Doctors’ decision to migrate from clinical practice in the public sector to non-clinical practice in the private sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using 12 in-depth interviews with medical doctors working in the private sector but formerly worked in the public health sector. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed.Results: Three main themes emerged; health system-level drivers that has three sub-themes, namely poor work environment, heavy workload due to shortage of clinicians and underfunded public health sector; individual-level drivers, which include four sub-themes: Age, area of specialization, marital status and empathy to patients; and external environment drivers consisting of two sub-themes: peer pressure and community culture.Conclusion: Improving the work environment through increased funding will partly address the main health system drivers underlying migration from the clinical practice. Furthermore, nurturing junior doctors to be enthusiastic and adapting to cultural shocks can partly help to address the individual and external drivers.

Keywords: Shortage, Medical Doctors, Clinicians, Physicians, migration, health workforce, Tanzania Clinical Practice, Non-Clinical Practice.
Religion and the Problem of Rationality: Insights from Akan Religious Thought
Authors: Majeed H M
Published: June 2021

Arguments against the practice of religion and, in general, against belief in metaphysical entities, have been made in different cultures and at different times in human history. This article, however, does not offer a historical outline of such arguments. Rather, it reflects on some contemporary remarks made, especially in Western thought, against religion. It illustrates how a correct understanding of Traditional Akan Religion renders untrue claims that seek to dismiss religion on the grounds of irrationality. Utilising philosophical reflection, it shows how rational belief in a Traditional African Religion such as the Akan one is.Key WordsRationality, revelation, logical positivism, predestination, free will, Akan religion, African religion
Reincarnation, Predestination and Moral Responsibility: Critical Issues in Akan Philosophy
Authors: Majeed H M
Published: June 2021

African scholars such as Bolaji Idowu and John Mbiti have argued that belief in reincarnation is alien to African thought. However, this article argues that an adequate understanding of the Ghanaian Akan culture points to the presence of reincarnation in Akan, and for that matter African, philosophy. Nevertheless, unlike in Indian philosophy, for instance, where reincarnation depends on the quality of an individual’s moral life and is a means of ensuring moral responsibility, in Akan philosophy reincarnation is not dependent on moral considerations. Yet there is the idea of moral responsibility in Akan philosophy. The article interrogates how moral responsibility, an idea which is ordinarily regarded as reasonable in the presence of free will, is in the case of the Akan held alongside predestination. The article also reveals some serious philosophical difficulties which this Akan conception of moral responsibility generates in respect of the ‘reincarnated’ person. KeywordsReincarnation, predestination, moral responsibility, Akan philosophy, immortality, dualism, life and death
O uso da língua materna em aulas de francês
Authors: Lousada Eliane Gouvêa , Duarte Naiara Alves
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, visamos a apresentar uma pesquisa (DUARTE, 2017) que teve por objetivo estudar o processo de formação de professores iniciantes de francês como língua estrangeira (FLE) sob a perspectiva do ensino como trabalho, procurando analisar o papel das entrevistas em aloconfrontação (MOLLO; FALZON, 2004) nesse processo. Com base no método da aloconfrontação, procuramos identificar os questionamentos dos professores quando eles são confrontados a dilemas do trabalho de ensino vividos por outros professores e verificar como as aloconfrontações podem contribuir para a produção de novos conhecimentos sobre o trabalho. Para tanto, apoiamo-nos, em primeira instância, no Interacionismo Social (VYGOTSKI, 1997) e em quadros teóricos dele derivados: o Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 1999, 2006, 2008), a Clínica da Atividade (CLOT, 2001a, 2008) e a Ergonomia da Atividade dos Profissionais da Educação (AMIGUES, 2004, FAÏTA, 2004, SAUJAT, 2004a). Daremos destaque para o uso do português em aulas de francês, procurando compreender quais são os gestos dos professores e seu posicionamento em relação a essa questão.
The Results of Conservative Approaches for Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts.
Authors: Atoini Fouad , Ouarssani Aziz , Serraj Mounia , Ouadnouni Yassine , Smahi Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Pulmonary hydatid cysts remains a public health problem in Morocco. We present the results of the conservative methods for treating the pulmonary hydatid cysts in 56 patients including the giants forms (>10 cm) and the complicated cases. 71 cystectomies, one pericystectomy and one wegde resection realized by thoracotomy. There were 33 men and 23 women. The median age was 25 years (range 8-64 years). The lower lobes were affected in 72%. Hepatic cysts were associated in 13 patients (23%). The median duration of postoperative drainage was 6 days (range 2-48 days) and the median duration of hospitalization was 9 days (range 5-28 months). The median duration of follow-up was 15 months (range 3-46 months). Univariate analysis did not reveal significance when we compared the postoperative course according to the localizations on the lungs, the nature of the cysts, the presence of infection and the size of cysts. The conservative approaches, mainly cystectomies area safe and effective method for lung hydatid cysts, if the closure of the bronchial fistulas is well performed, that the capitonnage is adapted to the size of the residual cavity, and its location in the lung to avoid bronchial torsion and deformation. We suggest this technique for the management of lung hydatid cysts, outside the cases of significant destroyed pulmonary parenchyma mainly thus located on the middle lobe. We believe that lobectomy must be taken very carefully, mainly in infant and the older patients.

Keywords: Cystectomy, Hydatid Cyst, Morocco, Lung, Results, Surgery.
A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Brandão Terezinha de Jesus Canavarro
Published: June 2021

O debate sobre as questões da educação ambiental tem como base o conceito de educação e formação em sujeitos conscientes, que possibilita às escolas pensar e desenvolver estratégias para amenizar essas questões. Seu objetivo demonstrar a concepção da Segunda Escola Normal sobre a importância da destinação de resíduos sólidos na Escola Estadual Tempo Integral Balbina Mestrinho no Município de Novo-El. A partir das necessidades observadas, este trabalho inclui investigar as informações dos alunos sobre os resíduos sólidos urbanos no ambiente educacional, e se o tema é abordado pelo professor em sala de aula, pois esse é o foco da formação de um sujeito consciente e capaz. Desenvolver a gestão para que, conforme as atitudes mudem, possam amenizar os problemas causados ??pela destinação inadequada de resíduos sólidos, e intervir no seu meio social, bem como em toda a sociedade e em todo o meio ambiente. Este trabalho foi embasado por uma pesquisa bibliográfica com a temática educação ambiental, meio ambiente e escola e qualitativa por meio da aplicação de questionários aos professores, alunos e gestor. No entanto, os resultados apontam para um novo rumo e, a este respeito, mostra a necessidade de realizar esta disciplina na Escola Balbina Mestrinho de forma horizontal entre outras disciplinas. Uma das maiores dificuldades levantadas pelos delegados é a falta de recursos financeiros para resolver de forma mais eficaz os problemas ambientais, e os problemas ambientais são muito importantes para a construção da cidadania dos nossos alunos.
Responsabilidad social de la empresa Herdez como parte de su planeación estratégica
Authors: Jiménez Fernández Elsa
Published: June 2021

Uno de los eventos importantes en la historia de la responsabilidad social de las empresas fue la Revolución Industrial, donde la responsabilidad empresarial no incluía el término social, sin embargo, este tema no es actual ya que desde el siglo XVIII fue considerada por los economistas clásicos como Smith, Marx, Owen entre otros y ha evolucionado por la situación ambiental social global, presión por los grupos de interés y la filantropía empresarial.    En México los orígenes de la Responsabilidad Social se ubican hacia mediados del Siglo XX a insistencia de la COPARMEX y AC (USEM), además, es una nueva forma de hacer negocios que genera valor y prestigio a las empresas.

Algunos de los proyectos que desarrolla Herdez como empresa socialmente responsable son: generación de energía eólica para sus procesos, manejo de residuos, ahorro de agua, instalaciones economizadoras de combustible en calderas para evitar la generación de CO2, uso de gas natural. Otras actividades son uso de tecnologías limpias para evitar el daño al medio ambiente.

Además de lo anterior, tiene programas sociales en beneficio de las habitantes de la región donde esta instalada, como los   programas de educación nutrimental, compite, entre otros.
Bacanora: Una bebida regional con denominación de origen que impulsa el turismo de reuniones
Authors: CLARK-MENDIVIL YESENIA , Esparza García Irma , Rodríguez García Martha
Published: June 2021

México tiene 17 denominación de origen regulados por el instituto mexicano de la propiedad industrial ([IMPI]), mismos que se encuentran distribuidos a lo largo y ancho de todo el territorio mexicano: El estado de Sonora tiene una denominación de origen el “Bacanora” que es una bebida alcohólica regional que se produce a partir de la destilación del agave angustifolia haw por su nombre científico.

 

La oferta de productos y servicios en la industria del turismo del sur de Sonora es escasa, la necesidad de investigación, de formación, de mercadeo, de intercambio de ideas entre especialistas sobre el tema del turismo y considerando la oportunidad que el bacanora representa para el desarrollo de esta como la única bebida emblemática y con denominación de origen es una de las problemáticas a abordar en esta investigación.

 

La metodología empleada tiene un enfoque mixto con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo del fenómeno de la industria del Bacanora y del turismo de reuniones específicamente en eventos especializados como ferias y exposiciones de productos o servicios relacionados al tema del Bacanora que concurren en un área específica con el objetivo de promover negocios.

 Los resultados que se presentan muestran de 410 sujetos participantes como asistentes al evento de Bacanora fest, destacando en su mayoría la presencia local, ya que se busca conocer las características de la población que asiste; el hallazgo encontrado muestra evidencia que las actividades de negocio, culturales, espectáculos y académicos fueron los más valorados por los asistentes, así como el impacto económico en la derrama económica que genera el desarrollo de estos festivales.
PONDERAÇÕES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS ACERCA DO CURRÍCULO FUNCIONAL
Authors: Lopes Claudio Neves , de Oliveira Ponciano Vera Lucia , Cabanas Ana
Published: June 2021

Com as necessidades contemporâneas na Educação Especial, em que os sujeitos com deficiência intelectual não são favorecidos pelo Currículo formal, se realizam ponderações epistemológicas acerca do Currículo Funcional. Deste modo, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e refletir sobre o Currículo Funcional na Educação Especial a partir de uma ótica inclusiva. Abordam-se as principais indagações sobre a aplicabilidade, o significado e a funcionalidade do currículo na educação especial para o sujeito com deficiência intelectual, fundamentadas nas pesquisas de diversos autores como: Rita Figueiredo, Maryse Suplino e Lev Vygotsky. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico e de caráter qualitativo pela importância como passo inicial na construção de um processo de investigação. Apresenta-se um panorama da Educação Especial em um contexto geral e são abordados alguns aspectos da realidade brasileira, fundamentados em conceitos teóricos de autores renomados da área. Portanto, a efetivação do Currículo Funcional para o sujeito com deficiência intelectual (SDI) com o propósito de desenvolver as habilidades e as competências para uma vida autônoma e prática na sociedade.
CUESTIONES CRUCIALES EN TORNO A UN CURRÍCULUM COMPLEJO
Authors: Avendaño Fernando , Ceretto Josefa García de Ceretto
Published: June 2021

Comprender el curriculum en su propio estatuto complejo, en el laberinto de una educación en contextos de creciente complejidad, nos enfrenta a co-construirlo en su auto-eco organización para este cambio de época signado por la incertidumbre, por lo desconocido, por la increíble aventura de la humana condición, por las nuevas demandas de la educación y por el desafío epistemológico de la interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad. Procuramos en este artículo cartografiar un caminar que transita marcos teóricos, metodológicos, y epistemológicos para pensar desde dónde elaborar una propuesta curricular para una cultura escolar de la conciliación, la participación, el compromiso, la comprensión, la afectividad, la vida. Nos planteamos el desafío de gestar y validar un curriculum para la era planetaria.  Focalizamos el contenido de este texto en conocimientos atravesados por la humana condición, la dignidad humana, la vida ciudadana y la conciencia ética que demandan acciones facilitadoras de posibilidades y oportunidades para el cambio, la creación y la innovación.
Resource Policy in Interaction with the Strategy of the Silk Road Economic Belt
Authors:   Candidat of Economic Sciences, Dabyltayeva N. ,   Acting Associated Professor,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,   Almaty, 005040 Karasaibatyr str.95 a, Kazakhstan,   nazym62@mail.ru,   https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-5650-2785, Gyuan Mа Min ,   PhD student; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Almaty, 050040 Karasaibatyr str. 95 a, Kazakhstan; maminyuang@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 9904-2443
Published: June 2021

The issues of resource policy, which will predetermine the future growth of industrialization and urbanization, the forward movement of China's market-oriented economy, and the growing involvement in international cooperation, have been studied. Acceleration of the process of socio-economic development largely depends on the state of agricultural sector. It is noted that the country intends to follow the policy of openness based on mutually beneficial partnerships with other States and foreign organizations in order to increase the efficiency of agro-industrial production, increase the income of peasants and increase the competitiveness of Chinese products on the world market, as well as modernization of agriculture. It is shown that solving the problems of agro-industrial complex will remain a priority task. Its innovative reform is envisaged, creating a long-term mechanism for the integration of the city and countryside according to the principle “Industry supports agriculture, the city helps to the countryside”. The countries of Central Asia and the People's Republic of China face a number of tasks aimed to further development of agricultural sector, increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the industry, improve the well-being of rural residents and boost the rural economy, expand sales markets and stimulate exports, and international trade in agricultural products. In this regard, China continues to work on improving the quality and safety of agricultural products, fulfills its obligations as a member of the WTO, increases the production of environmentally friendly agricultural raw materials and food products domestically and abroad, participating in bilateral and multilateral intergovernmental cooperation in agro-industrial sphere. The authors emphasize that the PRC is one of the most important strategic partners of Kazakhstan in view of economy as a whole and specifically on the growth and development of agricultural sector.
Zoning of territory of lands of settlements of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, N. Z. Akhmetova, N. Z. ,   Nur-Sultan, 010011 Satpayev str. 2, Kazakhstan,   anz67@bk.ru,   https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-1775, Sekenova Zh. E. ,   ; S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University; Nur-Sultan, 010011 Zhenis Ave 62, Kazakhstan; sekenova_01@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-3606.
Published: June 2021

This article presents the existing methodology of determining the cadastral value of land in settlements of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The concept of State appraisal of the value of land plots is reflected on the basis of the standard land payment rate, market approaches to the cadastral registration of land use. The influence of real estate market on payment for land in the category of land of settlements is considered. The article presents the foreign experience of American and Western European systems of zoning of territories, as well as countries such as Japan and Singapore, which are perceived in unity with the settlement mechanism and as an instrument of territorial development. It is proposed to introduce a new coefficient for commercial purposes for land plots located in the RS. As an example, the cadastral value of one land plot has been calculated. It was revealed that method of zoning the lands of Kazakhstan is in many respects identical with the foreign one. Its shortcomings are shown and proposals on improvement by the type of Nur-Sultan are given. The existing number of zones is analyzed, their frequent fragmentation is noted. The expediency of combining 1 and 2, 25 and 26 zones is indicated. The conclusion: zoning of land in settlements is carried out in order to determine the boundaries of assessment zones and correction factors to the basic land plots payment rates, and is also necessary as a tool for managing land resources in built-up areas.
Labor market trends in Akmola region of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Belgibayeva A. S. ,   Kokshetau, 020000 Abay str. 76, Kazakhstan,   anargul.belgibayeva@mail.ru, Mussina A. Zh. ,   Toraighyrov University; Pavlodar, 140008 Lomova str. 64, Kazakhstan; alma1404@yandex.ru, Volokhova M. A. ,   Volga Research Institute of Economics and Organization of Agro-Industrial Complex; Saratov, 410010 Shekhurdina str. 12, Russia; nii_apk_sar@mail.ru
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine main trends and phenomena on labor market in agriculture. In the process of studying this problem, it was revealed that most of the employed population of the region lives in rural areas. It has been determined that at present the rural labor market is characterized by decrease in the number of employed in agricultural sector of economy, deterioration in the quality parameters characterizing the use of labor, discrepancy between the level of competence of specialists and the demands of expanded reproduction and efficiency of labor resources, and growing imbalance in the demand and supply of qualified workers. It has been determined that in conditions of unemployment in rural areas, the increased shortage of professional personnel in the main mass specialties in agro-industrial production has been noted among residents. The analysis of the structure of the employed in Akmola region was done, which showed significant differences between employment in urban and rural areas. A negative trend is shown which is associated with increase in proportion of the population, whose age exceeds the working age, in the total population of the village. Comparative analysis of sectoral structure of rural employment showed a decrease in the share of people who are employed in agriculture. In the course of the study, the main reasons for the rural population flow to the city have been determined. The main factors contributing to the return of skilled workers to agricultural sector are indicated. Priority areas of labor supply for rural residents have been identified, the most important of which are the development of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas, as well as self-employment in private households. A number of measures aimed to increase the effectiveness of functioning of labor market in rural areas are proposed.
Calculation of livestock products cost in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Sholpanbaeva K. Zh. ,   Professor of the Department of Finance and Accounting,   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University,   Ust-Kamenogorsk, 07002030 30th Guards Division str. 34, Kazakhstan,   kanshaim.sholpanbaeva@mail.ru,   https:// orcid.org/0000-0001-8688-887Х, Shaikhanova N. K. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences; Associate Professor of Finance and Accounting; Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University; Ust-Kamenogorsk, 07002030 30th Guards Division str. 34, Kazakhstan; nurgul.shaykhanova@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 7005-5504, Saktayeva A. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences; Associated Professor of the Department of Economics and Management; Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University; UstKamenogorsk, 07002030 30th Guards Division str. 34, Kazakhstan; almira_sak@mail.ru; https:// orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-4494
Published: June 2021

The issues of agricultural production are shown, which differs from other sectors of economy in a number of features, which affects the organization of its accounting. The specificity of agriculture, first of all, lies in the fact that living organisms - animals and plants - act as the object of labor, and the land is the main production means. Production process takes place in natural conditions, in this regard, weather conditions affect its results. It is shown that in agricultural sector, agricultural production cycle has a long character and is equal to one calendar year, during which agricultural products are accounted at the normative forecast (planned) cost, and the actual cost is determined only at the end of the year. The authors state that in order to control the level of costs in production of any product, in addition to the standard (planned) and actual cost, it is necessary to calculate the provisional (expected) cost, which, like the expected financial result, is determined as of October 1 of the current year. It was revealed that the biological characteristics of agricultural production are characterized by the receipt of several types of products from one crop or animal species at the same time. Therefore, in accounting, one should differentiate between costs and calculation of cost price of the output of various product assortments. It is justified that cost accounting in the main branches of AIC is carried out not by the objects of calculation (grain, milk, offspring), but by objects of accounting (spring wheat, sheep breeding, etc.). The costs between all types of samples of goods are mainly distributed according to the determined coefficients, in proportion to their assessment.
The impact of scientific and information support for agro-industrial production entities on the performance of livestock production sector
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance and Accounting, Altaibayeva Z. C. ,   Toraigyrov University,   Pavlodar, 140008 Lomov str. 64, Kazakhstan,   zhanat.ka@mail.ru,   https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3058-6965, Shelomentseva V. P. ,   Doctor of Social Sciences, Professor; Professor of the Department of Business and Management; Innovative University of Eurasia; Pavlodar, 140008 M. Gorky str. 102/4, Kazakhstan; valshelom@mail.ru;https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4451-0865, Aiguzhinova D. Z. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Aassociate Professor; Professor of the Department of Finance and Accounting; Toraigyrov University; Pavlodar, 140008 Lomov str. 64, Kazakhstan; dinara.aiguzhinova@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0067-9442
Published: June 2021

The state of livestock production industry in Kazakhstan is considered, the problems of its development are outlined. The importance of livestock production for ensuring the country's food security in the context of the decrease in business activity due to quarantine restrictions has been updated. The role of investment in the growth of economic indicators based on implementation of the State program "Information support of agro-industrial complex entities on gratuitous basis" is analyzed. The activities aimed at its implementation in 2020 are shown. The authors emphasize the need to provide innovative technologies and results of modern scientific research on livestock production for agricultural producers on national scale. Forecast calculations of the expected increase in the value of commercial products of livestock production sector when using innovations in feeding, improving herd structure, breeding, care and veterinary services are presented. Based on the analysis of deviations of the actual animal productivity from their standard breed indicators, the volume of shortage of marketable products was determined, first of all, which are associated with low level of organization of animal keeping, namely: diet, fertilization, prevention of morbidity, treatment, lack of modern methods of forming of livestock structure, breeding work. The authors point to one of the reasons for the imperfect management system in livestock production - lack of awareness of farmers about new technologies and approaches to solving livestock and veterinary problems. It is concluded that effective support of scientists and specialists with information on advanced production experience is the basis for making informed decisions on technological modernization of agricultural production based on the latest domestic and foreign progressive methods.