bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart failure is associated with an increased incidence of cancer diagnoses
Authors: Roderburg Christoph , Loosen Sven H. , Jahn Julia K. , Gänsbacher Julia , Luedde Tom , Kostev Karel , Luedde Mark
Published: June 2021

Aims

The prognosis and quality of life of heart failure patients is determined to a significant extent by co‐morbidities. New data suggest that heart failure may be associated with an increased incidence of cancer. The present retrospective study investigates this association in a large collective of outpatients with heart failure.

Methods and results

This retrospective cohort study assessed the incidence of cancer in patients with an initial diagnosis of heart failure and a matched non‐heart failure cohort in 1274 general practices in Germany between January 2000 and December 2018. The study is based on the Disease Analyser database (IQVIA), which contains drug prescriptions, diagnoses, and basic medical and demographic data. Hazard regression models were used to study the association between heart failure and the incidences of different cancers. A total of 100 124 patients with heart failure and 100 124 patients without heart failure were included in the analysis. Patients were matched individually by sex, age, diabetes, obesity, and yearly consultation frequency. Within the 10 year observation period, 25.7% of patients with heart failure and 16.2% of patients without heart failure had been diagnosed with cancer (log‐rank P < 0.001). These proportions were 28.6% vs. 18.8% in female and 23.2% vs. 13.8% in male patients. Heart failure was significantly associated with the incidence of cancer [hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval: 1.76, 1.71–1.81; P < 0.001 in total; HR: 1.85, 1.77–1.92, P < 0.001 in women; HR: 1.69, 1.63–1.76, P < 0.001 in men]. A significant association was found between heart failure and all cancer sites assessed. The strongest association was observed for cancer of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx (HR: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.66–2.17; P < 0.001), followed by respiratory organs (HR: 1.91, 1.74–2.10; P < 0.001) and genital organs of female patients (HR: 1.86, 1.56–2.17; P < 0.001). The association for skin tumours was 1.83 (1.72–1.94; P < 0.001), for cancer of lymphoid and haematopoietic tissue 1.77 (1.63–1.91; P < 0.001), for cancer of the digestive tract 1.75 (1.64–1. 87; P < 0.001), for breast cancer 1.67 (1.52–1.84; P < 0.001), for cancer of the genitourinary tract 1.64 (1.48–1.81; P < 0.001), and for male genital organ cancer 1.52 (1.40–1.66; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our study indicates that heart failure patients experience a significantly higher incidence of cancer during the course of the disease.
Deep learning for spatio‐temporal supply and demand forecasting in natural gas transmission networks
Authors: Petkovic Milena , Koch Thorsten , Zittel Janina
Published: June 2021

Germany is the largest market for natural gas in the European Union, with an annual consumption of approx. 95 billion cubic meters. The German high‐pressure gas pipeline network's length is roughly 40 000 km, which enables highly fluctuating quantities of gas to be transported safely over long distances. Considering that similar amounts of gas are also transshipped through Germany to other EU states, it is clear that Germany's gas transport system is essential to the European energy supply. Since the average velocity of gas in a pipeline is only 25 km/h, an adequate high‐precision, high‐frequency forecasting of supply and demand is crucial for efficient control and operation of such a transmission network. We propose a deep learning model based on spatio‐temporal convolutional neural networks (DLST) to tackle the problem of gas flow forecasting in a complex high‐pressure transmission network. Experiments show that our model effectively captures comprehensive spatio‐temporal correlations through modeling gas networks and consistently outperforms state‐of‐the‐art benchmarks on real‐world data sets by at least 15%. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can deal with complex nonlinear gas network flow forecasting with high accuracy and effectiveness.
Investigations on the sinking process of large pneumatic caissons
Authors: Regtop John , Feddema Antoine
Published: June 2021

In order to keep the port of Amsterdam accessible for ocean‐going ships, a new sea lock is under construction at the town of IJmuiden. The new sea lock will replace one of the nearly 100‐year‐old locks and will be the largest sea lock in the world upon completion. In order to prevent vibrations in the vicinity of the old locks and to prevent the need for deep building pits, the gate chambers are constructed as pneumatic caissons. Due to the open U‐shape of the caissons for the gate chambers, they are particularly vulnerable to torsional deformations that can occur during the sinking process, as a result of differential settlements. This was the main reason the contractor OpenIJ (a joint venture of BAM and VolkerWessels) wanted to get a better insight into the behaviour of the soil during the sinking process in order to control the deformations of the caissons during sinking. Together with the Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) advanced Finite Element calculations were performed using the Abaqus/Explicit model to get a better understanding of the behaviour of the soil under a caisson during failure of the supporting soil berms. With the results and the lessons learned from the Abaqus analyses, additional analyses were made with Plaxis 2D and the Brinch Hansen method in order to support the sinking process. During the sinking process a real‐time monitoring system helped the operators to keep the deformations of the caissons within tolerances. The monitoring results showed that the soil behaved as predicted and both caissons were successfully sunk to their final position.
Heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of amine/alkali hydroxide solvent captured CO2 to formate: A review
Authors: Li Lichun , Chen Xiangcan , Chen Zhengfei , Gao Ruiqin , Yu Hangdi , Yuan Tian , Liu Zongjian , Maeder Marcel
Published: June 2021

Carbon capture and utilization technology is one of the medium‐term technology options to reduce CO2 emissions while producing value‐added fuels and chemical products. The integrated CO2 capture and hydrogenation process is an encouraging replacement to the conventional decoupled CO2 capture and hydrogenation process, which allows direct utilization of captured CO2 thus eliminating the energy‐intensive CO2 desorption and compression steps in the typical carbon capture and storage (CCS) process. The hydrogenation of captured CO2 in amine/alkali hydroxide solvents is the key step to attain the integrated CO2 capture and hydrogenation process. Considering the lack of timely review on the topic of hydrogenation of amine/alkali hydroxide solvent captured CO2 to formate in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, a summary of such process with different capturing solvents and heterogeneous catalyst were critically summarized and briefly reviewed in the current paper. The main goal of this review is to provide fundamental insights and guidance for the future design of heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of captured CO2 in amine/alkali metal hydroxide‐based solvents. Future research directions to advance the process of hydrogenation of captured CO2 were also recommended. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surveillance of premalignant gastric cardia lesions: A population‐based prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Gu Jianhua , Xie Shuanghua , Wang Shaoming , Xue Liyan , Zhou Jiachen , Li Minjuan , Fan Zhiyuan , Chen Ru , Middleton Daniel R. S. , Hao Changqing , Wang Jinwu , Li Bianyun , Li Xinqing , Wei Wenqiang
Published: June 2021

In our study, we aimed to assess the long‐term risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) for patients with different histological cardia lesions to inform future guidelines for GCA screening in China. We conducted a population‐based prospective study among 9740 subjects who underwent upper endoscopy screening during 2005 to 2009 and followed until December 2017. Cumulative incidence and mortality rates of GCA were calculated by the baseline histological diagnoses, and the hazard ratios (HRs), overall and by age and sex, were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models. During a median follow‐up of 10 years, we identified 123 new GCA cases (1.26%) and 31 GCA deaths (0.32%). The age‐standardized incidence and mortality rates of GCA were 128.71/100 000 and 35.69/100 000 person‐years, and cumulative incidence rate in patients with cardia high‐grade dysplasia (CHGD), cardia low‐grade dysplasia (CLGD) and atrophic carditis (AC)/cardia intestinal metaplasia (CIM) was 25%, 3.05% and 1.58%, respectively. The progression rate and cancer risk of GCA increased monotonically with each step in Correa's cascade. Individuals aged 50 to 69 years had 4.4 times higher GCA incidence than those aged 40 to 49 years. Patients with CLGD had a significantly higher 3‐year GCA incidence than the normal group, while patients with AC/CIM had a comparable GCA risk during 3‐year follow‐up but a higher risk at 5‐year intervals. Our results suggested a postponed starting age of 50 years for GCA screening, immediate treatment for patients with CHGD, a 3‐year surveillance interval for patients with CLGD, and a lengthened surveillance interval of 5 years for patients with AC/CIM.
Isolation and partial characterization of Komagataeibacter sp. SU12 and optimization of bacterial cellulose production using Mangifera indica extracts
Authors: Calderón‐Toledo Susana , Horue Manuel , Alvarez Vera A , Castro Guillermo R , Zavaleta Amparo Iris
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Recycling food wastes into high‐value‐added products not only impacts beneficially on the environment but also on local economies. Mango wastes represent more than 92 000 tons per year in Peru. Bioconversion of mango waste into bacterial cellulose (BC) can provide valuable products in biomedicine.

RESULTS

Screening of BC producers in kombucha tea allows the selection of wild‐type strains. One of the selected wild‐type strains, named SU12, was cultured in batch using Hestrin–Schramm (HS) synthetic medium under static conditions and was able to produce a membrane in the liquid–air interface. The membrane was purified and characterized by chemical (Congo red), spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric techniques as BC. The strain SU12 was tested using chemical and molecular techniques (16S rRNA) and identified phylogenetically as Komagataeibacter rhaeticus SU12 with 99.85% similarity and 96.5/1/98 values of Shimodaira–Hasegawa approximate similarity test/aBayes/bootstrap analyses. HS medium supplemented with mango extracts was optimized using Plackett–Burmann's design followed by factorial design of relevant parameters and adjusted by regression to a first‐order polynomial equation. Optimized major parameters of mango extract, yeast extract, ethanol concentration and incubation time produced 25.34 g L−1 dry cellulose in 21 days.

CONCLUSIONS

The study demonstrated the isolation of wild‐type strain identified as K. rhaeticus SU12 capable of producing BC using synthetic medium supplemented with extracts of mango wastes and high BC production comparable with other members of the same species. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Morphological study of the gastrointestinal tract around the ligament of Treitz using upper gastrointestinal radiography: Fundamental data for EUS‐guided gastrojejunostomy
Authors: Nutahara Daisuke , Nagai Kazumasa , Sofuni Atsushi , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Ishii Kentaro , Furuichi Yoshihiro , Kitamura Katsuya , Itoh Masahiro , Miyazawa Hideaki , Itoi Takao
Published: June 2021

Background/Purpose

We developed EUS‐guided double‐balloon occluded gastrojejunostomy (EPASS) for gastric drainage tract obstruction. The success of EPASS depends on the proximity of the stomach and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract near the ligament of Treitz. The aim of this study is to clarify the GI anatomy near the ligament of Treitz.

Methods

One thousand and sixteen cases imaged upper GI radiography using barium were retrospectively evaluated. Morphologically, the GI tract running near the ligament of Treitz was divided in three types: Type I: The 4th portion of the duodenum (D4) approaches the stomach; Type II: D4 does not approach the stomach; Type III: D4 forms a loop to the jejunum. The minimum distance between the stomach and the GI tract near the ligament of Treitz was measured.

Results

Based on the morphological classification, 74.6% in the study group was classified in Type I, 22.0% in Type II, and 3.3% in Type III, respectively. The median minimum distance in Type II/III group were significantly longer, compared with the Type I (P < .01).

Conclusions

The GI anatomy near the ligament of Treitz was clarified using upper GI radiography. It is divided into three patterns, and one‐fourth of cases may have difficulty in EUS‐guided gastrojejunostomy.
Topical mitomycin C application post endoscopic removal of antrochoanal polyp
Authors: El‐Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Elmalt Ashraf , Annany Ahmed , Ahmed Wael A. , Nofal Ahmed Abdel Fattah
Published: June 2021

Objective

Assessment the effect of topical application of mitomycin‐C (MMC) after endoscopic removal of antrochoanal polyp (ACP) on its recurrence rate.

Methods

This prospective study was done on patients with ACP. Endoscopic nasal surgery has been done to remove the polyp after wide middle meatal antrostomy. The patients were categorized into two groups. In MMC group, after endoscopic ACP removal, MMC on a piece of cotton was topically applied inside the maxillary antrum in the suspected site of ACP origin. A second group was used as a control group without MMC application.

Results

The study included on 40 patients; 20 patients in each group. Topical MMA application was easily performed. No granulation, crust, infection, or bleeding was reported in all cases of both groups. Recurrent polyp was not reported in MMC group, while recurrent polyp was detected in four cases (20%) in control group without MMA application with statistically significant difference (P = .035).

Conclusion

Topical MMC application inside the maxillary sinus after endoscopic removal of the ACP is safe, easy, and effective.

Level of evidence

2c.
Time‐Domain Integration of Broadband Terahertz Pulses in a Tapered Two‐Wire Waveguide
Authors: Balistreri Giacomo , Tomasino Alessandro , Dong Junliang , Yurtsever Aycan , Stivala Salvatore , Azaña José , Morandotti Roberto
Published: June 2021

In this work, the time‐domain integration of broadband terahertz (THz) pulses via a tapered two‐wire waveguide (TTWWG) is reported. Such a guiding structure consists of two metallic wires separated by a variable air gap that shrinks down to a subwavelength size as the movement takes from the waveguide input to its output. It is shown that while an input THz pulse propagates toward the subwavelength output gap, it is reshaped into its first‐order time integral waveform. In order to prove the TTWWG time integration functionality, the THz pulse is detected directly within the output gap of the waveguide, so as to prevent the outcoupling diffraction from altering the shape of the time‐integrated THz transient. Since the time‐domain integration is due to the tight geometrical confinement of the THz radiation in a subwavelength gap volume, the TTWWG operational spectral range can easily be tuned by judiciously changing both the output gap size and the tapering angle. The results lead to the physical realization of a broadband, analog THz time integrator device, which is envisioned to serve as a key building block for the implementation of complex and ultrahigh‐speed analog signal processing operations in THz communication systems.
A control‐based mathematical study on psoriasis dynamics with special emphasis on IL−21 and IFN−γ interaction network
Authors: Roy Amit Kumar , Nelson Mark , Roy Priti Kumar
Published: June 2021

Psoriasis is characterized by the excessive growth of keratinocytes (skin cells), which is initiated by chaotic signaling within the immune system and irregular release of cytokines. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines: Interleukin 21 (
) and Interferon gamma (
), released by
cell and activated natural killer cells (NK cells) respectively, play central role in the disease pathogenesis. In this work, we have constructed two sets of nonlinear differential equations. One is representing the growth of three vital immune cells (T helper cells (type I and II) and activated NK cells) along with keratinocyte and the other set is for cytokines' (
and
) dynamics. The hazardous effects of these cytokines, preconditions for disease persistence and validation of the stability criteria of endemic equilibrium have been studied analytically. We have also observed the effect of the combined biologic therapy (anti
and
inhibitor) by considering an optimal control problem. Analytical and numerical results reveal that the impact of activated NK cells on excessive formation of keratinocytes is mostly regulated by the effects of
and
.
Investigation on fiber‐based terahertz source
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Gong Yandong , Li Ke , Ren Guobin
Published: June 2021

A terahertz (THz) source based on hybrid Opt‐THz fiber, which is made of concentric central optical fiber and external Terahertz fiber, was proposed. With the enhanced second order nonlinearity in the central optical fiber, THz waves are distributed through difference frequency by high‐power optical pump laser. The external THz fiber will be designed with hollow fiber structure, and the THz waves are propagated and accumulated along the THz fiber. The simulation shows that the maximum THz power can reach ~4.8 mW after a 13.7 m optimal fiber length. The proposed THz source will be able to compete with existing THz sources in terms of power, compactness, frequency tunability and room‐temperature operation.
4‐2: Invited Paper: High Performance Top Gate Oxide TFT Technology for Large Area Flexible AMOLED Display
Authors: Cao Weiran , Hsu Yuan-Jun , Jiang Zheng , Liu Fangmei , Wu Yuan-Chun , Zhang Xin
Published: June 2021

We have fabricated PI‐based IGZO TFTs with Cu electrode which exhibit excellent electrical properties and high mechanical reliabilities to meet the demand for large area flexible display. The IGZO TFTs show +0.26 V and −0.34 V of ΔVth under positive bias temperature stress and negative bias temperature illumination stress for 10 hours, respectively, and the Vth shift after laser lift‐off and bending test of 200,000 times are less than 0.08 V and 0.03 V, respectively. Finally, we successfully realize 16.9‐inch rollable OLED display with high performance top gate IGZO TFT, which can be rolled up to a radius of 20 mm.
15‐2: Student Paper: Programmable LTPS‐TFT Gate Driver with Tunable Pulse Width for Adjusting AMOLED Brightness
Authors: An Junjun , Liao Congwei , Yang Jiwen , Qiu Hezi , Peng Zhichao , Dai Chao , Zhang Xin , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2021

This paper demonstrates a novel low‐temperature‐poly‐Si thin‐film transistors (LTPS TFTs) gate driver with tunable width for low‐grey level brightness adjustment of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display. The width of output pulses can be tuned accordingly by changing the number of input pulses, to avoid changing the frequency, duty ratio, or increasing the numbers of the external clock‐lines. The proposed circuit still works well when outputting 10 ms pulse with leakage current above 1.45 nA.
19‐3: Lifetime Enhancement Toward Commercialization of Hyperfluorescence
Authors: Adachi Junji , Otsu Sinya , Kakizoe Hayato , Oyamada Takahito
Published: June 2021

Hyperfluorescence™ (HF) combines TADF and fluorescence to provide narrow emission spectrum with four times higher emission efficiency than fluorescence without using any rare metals. TADF acts as excitons generator and transfers excitons to fluorescence by Förster resonance energy transfer. Top emission devices of HF achieved wide CIE color space and are expected to achieve BT.2020 requirement. HF also had achieved long enough lifetime for AMOLED applications not only by stable molecules but also by controlling carrier balances in Emissive Layer.
19‐4: Ultra‐Long‐Life Deep‐Blue OLED Device Achieved by Controlling the Carrier Recombination Site
Authors: Ishimoto Takuya , Hashimoto Naoaki , Nomura Shiho , Okuyama Takumu , Nowatari Hiromi , Suzuki Tsunenori , Seo Satoshi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2021

The durability of a deep‐blue OLED device has been successfully improved by controlling the shift of the carrier recombination‐site during driving. This method can effectively suppress initial degradation and achieved an ultralong‐life device with an LT95 exceeding 800 h at a current density of 50 mA/cm2.
34‐4: Proposal of A New Resolution Representation for Several Pixel Arrangements
Authors: Lee Ja-Eun , Kwon Soyoung
Published: June 2021

Pixel per inch(PPI) is by far the most widely used term to represent the resolution of a display. It is very useful in traditional pixel arrangements that are shaped rectangle and arranged in a simple but regular fashion along uniformly drawn vertical and horizontal lines. However, with the introduction of new pixel arrangements in the display starting from the pentile pixel structure displays, PPI has seen difficulties in some cases. To solve this problem, we propose a new representation, pixel per area(PPA) that conceptualize the density of pixels in a unit area (square inch). PPA is very simple to calculate and can be easily converted to PPI by taking square roots in traditional pixel arrangements.
36‐4: Invited Paper: The Development of Blackened Backplane Technology for Optical Fingerprint Display
Authors: Ye Jia-Hong , Chen Yen-Liang , Huang Ching-Liang , Huang Kuo-Yu , Chen Maw-Song , Guo Wen-Rei , Huang Wei-Ming , Wu Yang-An
Published: June 2021

The display with blackened metal backplane presents superior decorative black appearance or high optical density (OD) light shielding integrated to optical fingerprinting senor. In this paper, we have fabricated two‐layer blackened metal wiring by high resolution patterning techniques with dry etching method and optimized the reflectivity of the novel blackened material. It has been utilized to an optical in‐cell fingerprint LCD to improve the reflectivity, which achieves 64% reflectivity reducing and lower than previous one. And it also has been employed for achieving narrowed line‐width high and high optical density demand for collimated layer in optical fingerprint sensor integrated to an OLED display.
36‐5: A Novel FOD Solution with High‐PPI Flexible Sensor under OLED Panel
Authors: Lu Feng , Lian Lu , Yu Haochi , Li Kai , Zhang Bo , Yao Qijun , Zeng Yang , Wu Yaodong , Ding Yuan
Published: June 2021

A novel FOD solution is presented in this paper. TFT‐based flexible photo sensors of 725 PPI and 1016 PPI were developed and characterized. Adapted to the OLED panel with integrated pinhole imaging system, the feasibility of large area FOD function was confirmed.
37‐4: Low Off‐Axis Light Leakage LCD Using New Polarizer System
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Nakai Takako , Kawahira Yuichi , Sakai Akira , Shimada Shinji , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: June 2021

A novel polarizer system that modifies only the bottom polarizer has been developed to reduce the off‐axis light leakage of LCDs. A 13‐inch prototype using the new polarizer system has successfully reduced off‐axis light leakage to 60% that of a conventional polarizer system. The new polarizer system is useful to weaken halo artifacts of HDR backlights.
48‐3: Light Field Display Using Virtual Imaging Mode
Authors: Fukano Koichiro , Ito Motoki , Shimizu Misato , Kudo Takaaki , Yura Toshiki , Ichihashi Koji , Takaki Yasuhiro
Published: June 2021

This study proposes a light field display (LFD) using a lens array and an aperture array. The viewing zone angle is larger for the proposed LFD than the LFDs using a lens array. The image brightness is higher for the proposed LFD than the LFDs using an aperture array.
49‐1: Invited Paper: Red, Green and Blue Laser Diodes for Display Applications
Authors: Hirano Yasuaki , Tani Yoshihiko , Ishida Masaya , Miyamoto Sadamu , Ariyoshi Akira
Published: June 2021

Recently, semiconductor lasers have been used in various applications. Initially, infrared and red lasers began to be used for optical desks and optical communication applications. After that, blue‐violet laser was developed and adopted for Blu‐ray Disc. Since then, blue and green lasers have been developed, and in recent years, semiconductor lasers have begun to be used for various display applications. This paper introduces the semiconductor lasers that have been developed so far, their applications, and various display applications that are expected in the future.
50‐1: Omni‐Directional Projection VR Systems Using Ultra‐Short Throw Lenses
Authors: Nishiyama Mariko , Nishikawa Jun
Published: June 2021

We have developed a novel ultra‐short throw lens with catadioptric relay which can project a large image on curved screens with remarkably uniform brightness and pixel size distribution. This wide projection enables a compact omni‐directional projection VR system with only eight projectors as well as a cylindrical screen VR system.
51‐2: Distinguished Paper: Measuring Color Capability of Wide Color Gamut Near‐Eye Displays
Authors: Penczek John , Austin Richard L. , Hasan Monirul , Smith Euan
Published: June 2021

Near‐eye displays often use narrow spectral bandwidth light sources to create virtual images. These sources provide wider color gamuts. However, the measurement instrument's spectral bandwidth and spectral stray light need to be considered. We evaluate these aspects in characterizing the display's color capability.
54‐2: Displays with Integrated Microcamera Arrays for Image Capture and Sensing
Authors: Slobodin David E.
Published: June 2021

Arrays of miniature, lower resolution cameras can be integrated within microLED displays to provide high resolution image capture using computational imaging. Integrated camera arrays eliminate can eliminate gaze parallax in videoconferencing and eliminate the need for camera bezels while maintaining attractive thinness and flexibility. Integrated camera arrays also enable valuable new capabilities beyond video‐taking, including soft‐programmable camera perspective, light field capture, touch sensing and hover sensing.
60‐1: Invited Paper: Mass Transfer Throughput and Yield Using Elastomer Stamps
Authors: Bower Christopher A. , Bonafede Salvatore , Pearson Andrew , Raymond Brook , Prevatte Carl , Weeks Tiffany , Kneeburg David , Radauscher Erich , Vick Erik , Verreen Chris , Jain Nikhil , Meitl Matthew A.
Published: June 2021

Emissive displays using microLEDs will be bright, rugged, and efficient. Realization of microLED displays requires high‐yield mass transfer processes that rapidly assemble millions of micron‐scale devices onto non‐native display substrates. A candidate mass transfer process uses polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer stamps to retrieve and transfer large arrays of microLEDs. This paper will review the fundamentals of elastomer stamp mass transfer and will examine paths to satisfy the demanding throughput requirements for display manufacturing.
61‐4: A New Pixel Circuit Based on LTPO Backplane Technology for Micro‐LED Display Using PWM Method
Authors: Jung Eun Kyo , Hong Yong-Hoo , Hong Sara , Park KeeChan , Lee Soo-Yeon , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes the novel pixel circuit for Micro‐LED display. In order to solve screen distortion, when grayscale representation of Micro‐LED is generated, the emission time of Micro‐LED is controlled using the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method. In addition, we utilize the LTPO backplane technology to reduce leakage current from storage capacitor.
62‐7: Invited Paper: Quantum Dot Color Conversion for OLED and microLED Displays
Authors: Tangirala Ravi , Lee Ernest , Sunderland Chris , Guo Wenzhuo , Mamuye Ashenafi , Wang Kevin , Hwang Eunhee , Kim Nahyoung , Hotz Charlie
Published: June 2021

Quantum dot color conversion (QDCC) can enable OLED‐based displays with higher brightness and wider color gamut, and microLEDs with higher efficiencies and manufacturing scalability. Key to employing QDCC is the development of quantum dot (QD) materials with enhanced blue absorption, high quantum yield and narrow, tunable emission. Nanosys has developed new heavy metal‐free QDs that meet all these requirements and enable the fabrication of patternable QDCC films with high (>38%) photon conversion efficiency and gamut coverage.
65‐7: Student Paper: Cd‐Free Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diode with a Mixed Single Layer to improve the Flatness of Current Efficiency
Authors: Biswas Mohammad Mostafizur Rahman , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: June 2021

The performance of the Cd‐free quantum‐dot light emitting diode (QLED) was investigated by mixing the hole and electron transport materials with the emission layer. With an optimized mixing ratio of the hole transport and electron transport materials, the current efficiency of 4.2 cd/A and EQE of 2.2% was achieved using the ZnCuInS/ZnS‐based QLED at yellow emission. Additionally, after optimizing the mixing ratios, the carrier injection is balanced, so the current efficiency is constant for wide current densities.
66‐3: Invited Paper: Colloidal Quantum Dot Photodetectors for Large Format NIR, SWIR, and eSWIR Imaging Arrays
Authors: Gregory Christopher , Hilton Allan , Violette Katherine , Klem Ethan J.D.
Published: June 2021

In 2019 SWIR Vision Systems introduced its 2.1 MP Acuros cameras to the industrial imaging market, becoming the first company globally to commercialize high resolution, quantum‐dot based image sensors. Since this product introduction, SWIR Vision Systems has continued to advance the performance of its colloidal quantum dot detector architecture. These advances include demonstrating detectors with 940 nm QE's > 50% and extended wavelength eSWIR detectors with spectral response from 350 nm to 2100 nm. This paper will provide an overview of our approach to fabricating focal plane arrays, will describe recent results fabricating Vis‐SWIR and eSWIR CQD® detector arrays, and will show imaging demonstrations of these sensors in a variety of applications.
68‐3: Ultra‐Thin Metal‐Based Film Anti‐Reflection for Foldable/Rollable OLED Displays
Authors: Wang Hejin , Wang Bingwei , Wang Chunyang , Liu Zheng , Wang Dawei
Published: June 2021

Ultra‐thin metal based film anti‐reflection (MFAR) of nano‐scale thickness was designed to replace the circular polarizer. MFAR exhibited gray apperance and low bulk reflectivity. EL light can show no color shift after passing through MFAR due to uniform transmittance. MFAR was integrated on OLED and reached similar anti‐reflection performance as C‐Pol. MFAR is suitable for foldable/rollable AMOLED display applications.
P‐12: Activation of IGZO Devices at 150°C via Reduction Process Using Hydrogen Gas During Sputtering
Authors: Magari Yusaku , Mehadi Aman S G , Sasaki Daichi , Furuta Mamoru
Published: June 2021

In this study, we propose an activation method of IGZO films at 150 °C for future flexible electronics. By adding hydrogen gas during IGZO sputtering, near‐conduction band minimum defect states and carrier concentration in the IGZO film could effectively be decreased by annealing at 150 °C. We successfully demonstrated high‐performance IGZO thin‐film transistors (TFTs), Schottky diodes, and metal‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MES‐FETs) at a maximum processing temperature of 150 °C.
P‐13: IGZO‐TFT Pixel Circuits Compensating Threshold Voltage and Mobility Variations in AMOLED Displays
Authors: Xie Yingtao , Chen Penglong , Cai Kunlin , Jia Shuyun , Yang Chunyan , Jian Huan , Weng Jiaming
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes two novel AMOLED pixel circuits for high‐quality AMOLED panels with the features of high refresh rate and high‐resolution: the 4T1C VPPC and the 6T2C VPPC. The proposed 4T1C pixel circuit can compensate for variation in threshold voltage of TFT, and simplify the working cycle of pixel circuit. The proposed 6T2C pixel circuit maintains the advantages of the 4T1C circuit and adds the compensation function for the mobility change of TFT.
P‐90: Student Poster: High Birefringence Liquid Crystal for Fast‐Response Phase Modulators
Authors: Yang Qian , Zou Junyu , Ooishi Haruki , Yang Zhuo , Yoshidaya Kifumi , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2021

We report a high birefringence and low viscosity nematic liquid crystal for phase‐only spatial light modulators (SLMs). To achieve 2π phase change at λ = 633 nm with 5 V operation voltage, the measured response time is 2.2 ms at 50°C. Meanwhile, our mixture exhibits no sign of photodegradation for a total dosage of 20 MJ/cm2 at a blue laser wavelength λ = 465 nm Widespread applications of this material for high brightness SLMs, LIDAR, near‐eye displays, and head‐up displays are foreseeable.
Plasma procalcitonin may be an early predictor of liver injury in acetaminophen poisoning: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nuzzo Alexandre , Salem Shireen , Malissin Isabelle , Diallo Abdourahmane , Deye Nicolas , Goury Antoine , Gourlain Hervé , Péron Nicolas , Vicaut Eric , Voicu Sebastian , Mégarbane Bruno
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims

Acetaminophen is a common cause of poisoning and liver injury worldwide; however, patient stratification is suboptimal. We aimed to assess the contribution of admission plasma procalcitonin concentration (PCT) to better identify acetaminophen‐poisoned patients likely to develop liver injury.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational cohort study including all acetaminophen‐poisoned patients requiring N‐acetylcysteine admitted in a toxicological intensive care unit between 2012 and 2017. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox regression model to investigate factors associated with liver injury, defined as an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >100 IU/L.

Results

One hundred seventeen patients (age, 32 years (21–53), median [25th–75th percentiles]) were included after self‐ingesting 16 g (9–30) acetaminophen and received N‐acetylcysteine infusion administered within a median 6 h‐delay (4–12) from exposure. Co‐ingestions were reported in 77% of patients. Rumack–Matthew nomogram was non‐interpretable in 47% cases. Liver injury occurred in 38 patients (32%) with a median peak ALT of 2020 IU/L (577–4248). In liver injury patients, admission PCT was significantly increased in comparison to patients without liver injury (21.5 ng/ml (3.2–44.9) versus 0.1 ng/ml (0–0.4), respectively, p < 0.01). The increase in PCT preceded the increase in ALT by 33 h (10–74). In a multivariate analysis, PCT > 1 ng/ml was significantly associated with liver injury (hazard ratio, 7.2 [95% confidence interval, 2.3–22.6; p < 0.001]). PCT (area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curve, 0.91 [95%CI: 0.84–0.97]) predicted liver injury with sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values of 0.92, 0.84, 0.96, and 0.73, respectively.

Conclusion

PCT on admission is associated with liver injury in acetaminophen poisoning. PCT might be used as a predictive tool of liver injury to improve clinical decision‐making.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Gallium Schiff‐base Complexes in the Ring‐Opening Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Cyclic Esters
Authors: Ghosh Swarup , Glöckler Eduard , Wölper Christoph , Tjaberings Alexander , Gröschel André H. , Schulz Stephan
Published: June 2021

Tetranuclear Ga(III) complexes L1–32Ga4(t‐Bu)8 1–3 are synthesized and characterized (elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, DOSY NMR spectroscopy, XRD) and their activity in the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide (LA) and ϵ‐caprolactone (ϵ‐CL) is reported. Complex 1 is the most active homopolymerization catalyst in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH), yielding isotactic‐enriched polylactides (PLAs) with Pm (probably of mesomerism) values up to 0.72 by a first order kinetic with respect to the monomer concentration. The living character of the polymerization process was confirmed by a polymerization resumption experiment. Complexes 1–3 are also active catalysts in the copolymerization of LA and ϵ‐CL, and sequential addition of both monomers gave well‐defined block copolymers with narrow Đ values (distributions of molecular weight).
Erratum to: Generalised Scherk-Schwarz reductions from gauged supergravity
Authors: Inverso Gianluca
Published: June 2021

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2017)124
A new bound on CP violation in the τ lepton Yukawa coupling and electroweak baryogenesis
Authors: Alonso-González J. , Merlo L. , Pokorski S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe is a fundamental question of physics. Electroweak baryogenesis is a compelling scenario for explaining it but it requires beyond the Standard Model sources of the CP symmetry violation. The simplest possibility is CP violation in the third generation fermion Higgs couplings, widely investigated theoretically and searched for experimentally. It has been found that the experimental bounds on the CP violation in the quark Yukawa couplings exclude their significant role in the electroweak baryogenesis, but it can be still played by the τ lepton Yukawa coupling. It is shown in this paper that, within the context of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory and assuming an underlying flavour symmetry of the Wilson coefficients, the electron dipole moment bound on the τ lepton Yukawa coupling is two orders of magnitude stronger than previously reported. This sheds strong doubts on its role in the electroweak baryogenesis, further stimulates the interest in its experimental verification and makes electroweak baryogenesis even more difficult to explain.
Post Transplantation Cyclophosphamide Improves Outcome of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kasarełło Kaja , Snarski Emilian , Sulejczak Dorota , Ciesielski Tomasz , Wiśniewska Agnieszka , Wrzesień Robert , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has recently been recognized as the standard treatment for MS. The aim of our experiment was to investigate the effect of AHSCT with the addition of low-dose post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (Cy) on EAE in rats. Low dose post-transplantation Cy is used in haploidentical HSCT to reduce the risk of graft versus host disease. We hypothesized that it could bring additional benefit in autologous HSCT in autoimmune diseases. Rats with evoked EAE were treated with high dose (125 mg/kg) Cy, followed by AHSCT or high dose (125 mg/kg) Cy followed by AHSCT followed by low dose (20 mg/kg) Cy in two-time schedules—with the therapy applied during the pre-symptomatic or symptomatic phase of the disease. Both AHSCT and AHSCT with post-transplantation Cy in accordance with both time schedules reduce the intensity of the inflammatory response in the CNS, in comparison with non-treated EAE rats. The reduction of clinical symptoms was present in all AHSCT treatment protocols, however, it was significantly stronger when post-transplantation Cy was given during the symptomatic phase of the disease. AHSCT with the addition of post HSCT low dose Cy improved the results of AHSCT by not only reducing the intensity of inflammation in the CNS but also by significantly reducing the clinical symptoms in treated animals when compared to AHSCT alone. We provide an experimental rationale that the addition of post-transplantation Cy may improve the outcome of HSCT in MS.

Graphic Abstract
Transmitter and ion channel profiles of neurons in the primate abducens and trochlear nuclei
Authors: Mayadali Ümit Suat , Fleuriet Jérome , Mustari Michael , Straka Hans , Horn Anja Kerstin Ellen
Published: June 2021

Extraocular motoneurons initiate dynamically different eye movements, including saccades, smooth pursuit and vestibulo-ocular reflexes. These motoneurons subdivide into two main types based on the structure of the neuro-muscular interface: motoneurons of singly-innervated (SIF), and motoneurons of multiply-innervated muscle fibers (MIF). SIF motoneurons are thought to provoke strong and brief/fast muscle contractions, whereas MIF motoneurons initiate prolonged, slow contractions. While relevant for adequate functionality, transmitter and ion channel profiles associated with the morpho-physiological differences between these motoneuron types, have not been elucidated so far. This prompted us to investigate the expression of voltage-gated potassium, sodium and calcium ion channels (Kv1.1, Kv3.1b, Nav1.6, Cav3.1–3.3, KCC2), the transmitter profiles of their presynaptic terminals (vGlut1 and 2, GlyT2 and GAD) and transmitter receptors (GluR2/3, NMDAR1, GlyR1α) using immunohistochemical analyses of abducens and trochlear motoneurons and of abducens internuclear neurons (INTs) in macaque monkeys. The main findings were: (1) MIF and SIF motoneurons express unique voltage-gated ion channel profiles, respectively, likely accounting for differences in intrinsic membrane properties. (2) Presynaptic glutamatergic synapses utilize vGlut2, but not vGlut1. (3) Trochlear motoneurons receive GABAergic inputs, abducens neurons receive both GABAergic and glycinergic inputs. (4) Synaptic densities differ between MIF and SIF motoneurons, with MIF motoneurons receiving fewer terminals. (5) Glutamatergic receptor subtypes differ between MIF and SIF motoneurons. While NMDAR1 is intensely expressed in INTs, MIF motoneurons lack this receptor subtype entirely. The obtained cell-type-specific transmitter and conductance profiles illuminate the structural substrates responsible for differential contributions of neurons in the abducens and trochlear nuclei to eye movements.
Self-care and clinical management of persons with laryngectomy during COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review
Authors: Varghese Janet Jaison , Aithal Venkataraja U. , Rajashekhar Bellur
Published: June 2021

Objective

To summarize guidelines on self-care and clinical management of persons with laryngectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

Articles published in electronic databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINHAL with the compliant keywords—were scouted from December 2019 to November 2020. All original articles, letters to editors, reviews, and consensus statements were reviewed and included.

Results

In all, 20 articles that had information pertaining to self-care of persons with laryngectomy or guidelines for clinicians working with this population were identified. Four of the included studies were case reports of persons with laryngectomy who contracted the COVID-19 virus. One of the included articles was a cohort study that explored the use of telerehabilitation in persons with laryngectomy.

Conclusion

The hallmarks of preventative strategies for persons with laryngectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic are as follows: physical distancing, use of a three-ply mask or surgical mask to cover the mouth and nose, and use of Heat Moisture Exchange (HME) device over stoma in addition to covering it with a surgical mask or laryngectomy bib. Telerehabilitation, not a preference with this population prior to the pandemic, has gained popularity and acceptance during the COVID-19 situation. The reports of COVID-positive persons with laryngectomy have indicated contrary findings from the tracheal and nasal swabs, necessitating compulsory inclusion of both nasal and tracheal swabs.
On the determination of the bending fatigue strength in and above the very high cycle fatigue regime of shot-peened gears
Authors: Fuchs D. , Schurer S. , Tobie T. , Stahl K.
Published: June 2021

Demands on modern gearboxes are constantly increasing, for example to comply with lightweight design goals or new CO2 thresholds. Normally, to increase performance requires making gearboxes and powertrains more robust. However, this increases the weight of a standard gearbox. The two trends therefore seem contradictory. To satisfy both of these goals, gears in gearboxes can be shot-peened to introduce high compressive residual stresses and improve their bending fatigue strength. To determine a gear’s tooth root bending fatigue strength, experiments are conducted up to a defined number of load cycles in the high cycle fatigue range. However, investigations of shot-peened gears have revealed tooth root fracture damage initiated at non-metallic inclusions in and above the very high cycle fatigue range. This means that a further reduction in bending load carrying capacity has to be expected at higher load cycles, something which is not covered under current standard testing conditions. The question is whether there is a significant decrease in the bending load carrying capacity and, also, if pulsating tests conducted at higher load cycles—or even tests on the FZG back-to-back test rig—are necessary to determine a proper endurance fatigue limit for shot-peened gears. This paper examines these questions.
Measuring spatial price differentials at the basic heading level: a comparison of stochastic index number methods
Authors: Weinand Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Spatial price comparisons rely to a high degree on the quality of the underlying price data that are collected within or across countries. Below the basic heading level, these price data often exhibit large gaps. Therefore, stochastic index number methods like the Country–Product–Dummy (CPD) method and the Gini–Eltetö–Köves–Szulc (GEKS) method are utilised for the aggregation of the price data into higher-level indices. Although the two index number methods produce differing price level estimates when prices are missing, the present paper demonstrates that both can be derived from exactly the same stochastic model. For a specific case of missing prices, it is shown that the formula underlying these price level estimates differs between the two methods only in weighting. The impact of missing prices on the efficiency of the price level estimates is analysed in two simulation studies. It can be shown that the CPD method slightly outperforms the GEKS method. Using micro data of Germany’s Consumer Price Index, it can be observed that more narrowly defined products improve estimation efficiency.
Matchings under distance constraints I.
Authors: Madarasi Péter
Published: June 2021

This paper introduces the d-distance matching problem, in which we are given a bipartite graph $$G=(S,T;E)$$

G
=
(
S
,
T
;
E
)

with $$S=\{s_1,\dots ,s_n\}$$

S
=
{

s
1

,
⋯
,

s
n

}

, a weight function on the edges and an integer $$d\in \mathbb Z_+$$

d
∈

Z
+

. The goal is to find a maximum-weight subset $$M\subseteq E$$

M
⊆
E

of the edges satisfying the following two conditions: (i) the degree of every node of S is at most one in M, (ii) if $$s_it,s_jt\in M$$

s
i

t
,

s
j

t
∈
M

, then $$|j-i|\ge d$$

|
j
-
i
|
≥
d

. This question arises naturally, for example, in various scheduling problems. We show that the problem is NP-complete in general and admits a simple 3-approximation. We give an FPT algorithm parameterized by d and also show that the case when the size of T is constant can be solved in polynomial time. From an approximability point of view, we show that the integrality gap of the natural integer programming model is at most $$2-\frac{1}{2d-1}$$

2
-

1

2
d
-
1

, and give an LP-based approximation algorithm for the weighted case with the same guarantee. A combinatorial $$(2-\frac{1}{d})$$

(
2
-

1
d

)

-approximation algorithm is also presented. Several greedy approaches are considered, and a local search algorithm is described that achieves an approximation ratio of $$3/2+\epsilon $$

3
/
2
+
ϵ

for any constant $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

in the unweighted case. The novel approaches used in the analysis of the integrality gap and the approximation ratio of locally optimal solutions might be of independent combinatorial interest.