bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the proportion of non-typhoidal Salmonella cases that develop chronic sequelae
Authors: KEITHLIN J. , SARGEANT J. M. , THOMAS M. K. , FAZIL A.
Published: October 2014

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the proportion of cases of non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) that develop chronic sequelae, and to investigate factors associated with heterogeneity. Articles published in English prior to July 2011 were identified by searching PubMed, Agricola, CabDirect, and Food Safety and Technology Abstracts. Observational studies reporting the number of NTS cases that developed reactive arthritis (ReA), Reiter's syndrome (RS), haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), Miller–Fisher syndrome (MFS) were included. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value. Meta-regression was used to explore the influence of study-level variables on heterogeneity. A total of 32 studies were identified; 25 reported on ReA, five reported on RS, seven reported on IBS, two reported on IBD, two reported on GBS, one reported on MFS, and two reported on HUS. There was insufficient data in the literature to calculate a pooled estimate for RS, HUS, IBD, GBS, or MFS. The pooled estimate of the proportion of cases of NTS that developed ReA and IBS had substantive heterogeneity, limiting the applicability of a single estimate. Thus, these estimates should be interpreted with caution and reasons for the high heterogeneity should be further explored.
Parotid metastasis from carcinoma urinary bladder treated with CyberKnife-based stereotactic body radiotherapy: case report and review of literature
Authors: Kataria Tejinder , Bisht Shyam S , Gupta Deepak , Abhishek Ashu , Hb Govardhan , Goyal Shikha , Basu Trinanjan , Kumar Vikash
Published: October 2014

Metastases to the parotid region are relatively infrequent and originate primarily from head and neck cancer. Metastases of an infraclavicular origin are uncommon. Moreover, metastasis from the carcinoma of urinary bladder (CUB) to any part of the head and neck, including parotid gland, is rare. Surgery and chemotherapy are usually offered. We report a case of solitary parotid metastasis from CUB, who was successfully treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using CyberKnife. SBRT is a safe alternative in cases unwilling/unfit for surgery.
High-efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells enabled by a difluorobenzothiadiazole-based donor polymer combined with a properly matched small molecule acceptor
Authors: Zhao Jingbo , Li Yunke , Lin Haoran , Liu Yuhang , Jiang Kui , Mu Cheng , Ma Tingxuan , Lin Lai Joshua Yuk , Hu Huawei , Yu Demei , Yan He
Published: October 2014

Non-fullerene organic solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of up to 6.3% are reported using properly matched donor and acceptor.
Spatial temperature mapping within polymer nanocomposites undergoing ultrafast photothermal heating via gold nanorods
Authors: Maity Somsubhra , Wu Wei-Chen , Xu Chao , Tracy Joseph B. , Gundogdu Kenan , Bochinski Jason R. , Clarke Laura I.
Published: October 2014

Polarized fluorescence temperature measurements combined with direct detection of nanorod rotation within the polymer melt regions reveal the steady-state temperature gradient on the nanoscale.
Poly(acrylic acid) interpolymer complexation: use of a fluorescence time resolved anisotropy as a poly(acrylamide) probe
Authors: Swift Thomas , Swanson Linda , Rimmer Stephen
Published: October 2014

A poly(acrylamide) sensor has been developed which uses the segmental mobility of another polymer poly(acrylic acid) with an attached fluorescent marker. The system uses interpolymer complexation, which leads to reduced segmental mobility.
Synthesis and analysis of in vitro anti-arthritic activity of dendrimers with methyl, ethyl and isopropyl salicylates as surface groups
Authors: Jayanthi Mani , Rajakumar Perumal
Published: October 2014

Dendrimers containing methyl, ethyl and isopropyl salicylates on the surface were synthesized using the divergent approach starting from a simple core unit benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid.
Nitric oxide decomposition using atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge reactor with different adsorbents
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Gao Fengyu , Wang Jiangen , Yi Honghong , Zhao Shunzheng
Published: October 2014

An NO removal rate of 99% and energy efficiency of 99.4 g NO per kW h were obtained on NaY zeolite using the adsorption–desorption and decomposition process in a self-made coaxial cylinder-type dielectric barrier discharge reactor.
Insights into the adsorption of simple benzene derivatives on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Liu Yonglan , Zhang Jin , Chen Xiaohua , Zheng Jie , Wang Guixue , Liang Guizhao
Published: October 2014

This work characterizes the adsorption characteristics of simple benzene derivatives on carbon nanotubes.
Direct reductive amination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with primary/secondary amines via Ru-complex catalyzed hydrogenation
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Yan Peifang , Xu Wenjuan , Jia Songyan , Xia Zhi , Chung Benjamin , Zhang Z. Conrad
Published: October 2014

A general direct reductive amination of bio-based 5-HMF with amines is catalyzed by a Ru-complex in ethanol solution under H2 pressure.
Precise aggregation-induced emission enhancement via H+ sensing and its use in ratiometric detection of intracellular pH values
Authors: Rananaware Anushri , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Patil Hemlata , Al Kobaisi Mohammad , Abraham Amanda , Shukla Ravi , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: October 2014

A pyridyl functionalised tetraphenylethylene (Py-TPE) for ratiometric fluorescent detection of intracellular pH values is reported; the Py-TPE fluorescent probe can be used for H+ sensing in organic solvents (CHCl3, DMF and MeOH).
β-Sitosterol-d-glucopyranoside isolated from Desmostachya bipinnata mediates photoinduced rapid green synthesis of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ayaz Ahmed Khan Behlol , Subramaniam Shankar , Veerappan Ganapathy , Hari Natarajan , Sivasubramanian Aravind , Veerappan Anbazhagan
Published: October 2014

A sunlight-induced synthesis of silver nanoparticles using β-sitosterol-d-glucopyranoside, a bio-surfactant isolated from the Indian sacred grass Desmostachya bipinnata.
Reusable cucurbit[6]uril-loaded poly(urethane) sponges for oily waters treatment
Authors: Sousa e Silva Felipe César , de Lima Silvânia Marilene , Demets Grégoire Jean-François
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the preparation and the absorption characteristics of cucurbit[6]uril/poly(urethane) sponges towards petroleum, diesel and soy bean oils over fresh and seawater.
Preparation of hierarchically structured Y zeolite with low Si/Al ratio and its applications in acetalization reactions
Authors: Jiao Wen Qian , Fu Wen Hua , Liang Xiao Min , Wang Yi Meng , He Ming-Yuan
Published: October 2014

Hierarchically structured Y zeolites were prepared by a post-synthetic strategy, where the as-made NaY zeolite was sequentially treated by a lactic acid solution and an alkaline solution containing cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB).
Synthesis and characterization of a new family of energetic salts based on guanidinium cation containing furoxanyl functionality
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Zhixin , Yang Hongwei , Lin Qiuhan , Ju Xuehai , Lu Chunxu , Cheng Guangbin
Published: October 2014

A new family of energetic salts based on a guanidinium cation containing furoxanyl functionality was synthesized and well characterized.
Chelation-induced diradical formation as an approach to modulation of the amyloid-β aggregation pathway
Authors: Porter Meghan R. , Kochi Akiko , Karty Jonathan A. , Lim Mi Hee , Zaleski Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2014

We demonstrate that ligand–metal–Aβ interaction with subsequent radical generation is a relatively rapid mechanism for influencing Aβ structural integrity and thus, the aggregation pathway.
Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy reveals the FeS cluster composition and active site vibrational properties of an O2-tolerant NAD+-reducing [NiFe] hydrogenase
Authors: Lauterbach Lars , Wang Hongxin , Horch Marius , Gee Leland B. , Yoda Yoshitaka , Tanaka Yoshihito , Zebger Ingo , Lenz Oliver , Cramer Stephen P.
Published: October 2014

Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy is used to characterize all Fe-containing cofactors in a complex multicofactor enzyme.
Enhanced thermo-electrochemical power using carbon nanotube additives in ionic liquid redox electrolytes
Authors: Salazar Pablo F. , Stephens Sai T. , Kazim Ali H. , Pringle Jennifer M. , Cola Baratunde A.
Published: October 2014

Waste heat recovery with thermo-electrochemical cells is limited by their low power and conversion efficiencies.
Coaxial MnO/N-doped carbon nanorods for advanced lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Gu Xin , Yue Jie , Chen Liang , Liu Shuo , Xu Huayun , Yang Jian , Qian Yitai , Zhao Xuebo
Published: October 2014

N-carbon-encapsulated MnO coaxial nanorods are prepared using polypyrrole-coated MnOOH coaxial nanorods as a template and precursor. The excellent performance of coaxial nanorods is attributed to the synergistic effect of one-dimensional structure and the N-doped carbon coating.
Dual‐polarised cavity‐backed annular slot antenna of compact structure
Authors: Li Weiwen , Chen X.J. , Zhang B. , Zhou J.H. , You B.Q.
Published: October 2014

A unidirectional dual‐polarised antenna is presented, by applying a cavity‐backed annular slot and two mutually perpendicular microstrip feed lines. To improve the isolation between two ports of the designed antenna, a pair of conductor strips is introduced at the opposite side of the feed lines and a metal cylinder into the cavity centre. Aimed at 2.4 GHz wireless local area network systems, a prototype antenna has been fabricated based on the FR4 substrate. The measured results show that an isolation value of over 33 dB can be attained and the co‐polarised level is 30 dB larger than the cross‐polarised in the main radiation direction. In addition to compact structure, the operating band with about 5 dBi antenna gain indicates the proposed antenna is suitable for indoor multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) base station systems.
Symmetry breaking and vortex precession in low-swirling annular jets
Authors: Vanierschot M. , Van Dyck K. , Sas P. , Van den Bulck E.
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the flow dynamics in the wake of a turbulent annular jet is studied using Time-Resolved Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). In this wake, a central recirculation zone is present which, under certain conditions, shows a low-frequency precessing motion. POD analysis of the measured velocity data shows that at zero swirl, an asymmetry is present in the wake, which motion is random in time. This asymmetry originates from a bifurcation of the flow once a threshold Reynolds number is exceeded. For low-swirl numbers, ranging from 0 < S < 0.12, the asymmetry is still present and its motion becomes structured into a well defined precession. For S > 0.12, the precession is gone and the motion of the asymmetric wake is again random in time, similar like the non-swirling jet. In this paper, a model is developed to describe the influence of swirl on the wake dynamics. The model assumes that perturbations in the inner shear layer near the bluff body wall are convected towards the stagnation point. These perturbations cause a shift in the stagnation points position. This shift is convected back to the inner shear layer through convection in the recirculating flow. The dynamics of this feedback mechanism can be modeled by the nonlinear delayed saturation model. In this paper, the model is adapted for swirling flow and simulations show that good agreement is found with the experiments.
Protease-based synthetic sensing and signal amplification
Authors: Stein Viktor , Alexandrov Kirill
Published: October 2014

Significance

Synthetic biology envisages the creation of custom-based signaling by means of modular plug-and-play. This concept has primarily been realized in the construction of synthetic gene circuits. However, all real-time events in biology are processed by protein-based sensing and signal transducing systems; yet, the systematic bottom-up design of protein-based signaling systems remains elusive to date. Here we report a strategy for construction of modular protein switches based on artificially autoinhibited proteases whose activity can be modulated by specific proteolysis, ligand binding, or protein–protein interactions. We demonstrate that such protease-based ligand receptors or signal transducers can be assembled into different types of integrated signal sensing and amplification circuits that, in principle, can be connected to any biological process.
RHGF-1/PDZ-RhoGEF and retrograde DLK-1 signaling drive neuronal remodeling on microtubule disassembly
Authors: Chen Chun-Hao , Lee Albert , Liao Chien-Po , Liu Ya-Wen , Pan Chun-Liang
Published: October 2014

Significance

Structural remodeling of neurons after insults to the nervous system includes retraction of the dysfunctional synaptic branches and growth of the primary neurites or new collateral branches. We find that genetic disruption of neuronal microtubules in
Caenorhabditis elegans
triggered structural remodeling through RHGF-1/RhoGEF, which is normally associated with and inhibited by microtubules. A conserved dual leucine zipper kinase, DLK-1, was activated by RHGF-1-dependent signaling, and activated DLK-1 was transported from distal neurite to the neuronal cell body, where it potentially altered genetic programs that enabled the destruction of injured synaptic branches and stimulated compensatory growth of the primary neurite. As microtubule, RhoGEF and DLK are conserved, the remodeling mechanisms described in this work could be a shared feature of both invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems.
Building carbon–carbon bonds using a biocatalytic methanol condensation cycle
Authors: Bogorad Igor W. , Chen Chang-Ting , Theisen Matthew K. , Wu Tung-Yun , Schlenz Alicia R. , Lam Albert T. , Liao James C.
Published: October 2014

Significance

With the recent discoveries of large reserves of natural gas, the efficient utilization of one-carbon compounds for chemical synthesis would reduce the raw material cost for the petroleum-based chemical industry. Methanol is produced industrially from methane and is a feedstock chemical for the synthesis of higher carbon compounds. However, current chemical synthesis of higher carbon compounds from methanol requires high temperature and pressure. Natural biological pathways for methanol utilization are carbon and ATP inefficient. Here we constructed a synthetic biocatalytic pathway that allows the efficient conversion of methanol to higher-chain alcohols or other higher carbon compounds without carbon loss or ATP expenditure. The high carbon efficiency and favorable operating conditions are attractive for industrial applications.
Documentation of Unusual, Fall Spawning by Coastal Cutthroat Trout in the Elwha River System, Washington
Authors: McMillan John R. , R. Pess George , McHenry Michael L. , Moses Raymond , Quinn Thomas P.
Published: October 2014

The timing of breeding is a key trait, reflecting selective forces acting on the adults and offspring in the population, contributing to reproductive isolation, and affecting the population's success during rapid environmental change. Salmon and trout populations vary greatly in the peak and range of breeding dates, and timing is a defining trait for salmonid populations. This study reports the occurrence and details of spawning by Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii in Indian Creek in the Elwha River, Washington, in October and November. This is unusually early in the season for this characteristically spring‐spawning species and is much earlier than conspecifics elsewhere in the river system and the region. We hypothesize that the stream's low gradient and lake‐dampened hydrologic regime reduced the depth of gravel scouring in the fall, and thus permitted the evolution of such an early breeding date by these small‐bodied (ca. 20–35 cm) fish. The exclusion of otherwise sympatric, fall‐spawning Coho Salmon O. kisutch for the past century from the habitat by Elwha Dam may also have contributed to this adaptation, and the recolonization by the larger and later‐spawning Coho Salmon may have affected the Coastal Cutthroat Trout through redd disturbance.

Received April 24, 2014; accepted August 27, 2014
An Examination of Criminogenic Needs, Mental Health Concerns, and Recidivism in a Sample of Violent Young Offenders: Implications for Risk, Need, and Responsivity
Authors: Guebert Andrea F. , Olver Mark E.
Published: October 2014

Young offender populations typically display high rates of substance use pathology and mental health concerns, however, little is known regarding how these factors relate to dynamic risk factors for reoffending (criminogenic needs) among young offenders. The present study investigated a Canadian sample of 186 youth charged with serious/violent offenses on measures of psychopathology, substance abuse, risk, and recidivism. Significant relationships were found between measures of substance abuse with most indices of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), a validated risk assessment tool designed to assess criminogenic risk and need. Furthermore, measures of substance abuse predicted general, violent, and nonviolent recidivism for both youth and adult outcomes to varying degrees. Youth with disruptive behavior disorders, comorbid substance use concerns with another disorder (dual diagnosis), or with two or more disorders evidenced more serious criminogenic need profiles, whereas mood, anxiety, and cognitive disorders were unrelated to criminogenic risk. With the exception of conduct disorder and substance use pathology, mental health concerns tended not to be related to recidivism. The implications of these findings in terms of assessing risk and providing treatment services for young offenders is discussed in relation to the risk-need responsivity (RNR) model of effective correctional intervention.
Relational Risk Factors for Reoffending in Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kreis Mette K. F. , Schwannauer Matthias , Gillings Kirsty
Published: October 2014

Dysfunctional interpersonal relationships are highlighted as an important dynamic risk factor for reoffending in women. However, quantitative research in this area is scarce and findings inconsistent, with key meta-analytical reviews limited in relation to adult women offenders. This has important implications for appropriate risk assessment of women. A systematic review was conducted of the literature guided by, among others, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination methodology on evaluating observational studies. The review evaluated the quantitative empirical evidence for an association between interpersonal relationships, especially with family and intimate partners, and recidivism in women, and the underlying psychological processes involved. The search resulted in eight included studies. Most were of fair methodological quality, but with several limitations. Findings were inconsistent but suggested that relational factors may be relevant to reoffending in women in interaction with other complex factors. This may help inform more effective risk assessment, risk management and intervention with women offenders. The findings highlighted the need for research exploring the interaction and mediating effects of various factors, including relationships, on women's reoffending, and the psychological processes involved.
The Road Through College
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2014

This chapter examines a variety of aspects of emerging adults’ college experiences. The first part of the chapter describes the rise in participation in “tertiary education” over the past century and the economic basis for it. Next comes a look at how emerging adults chart their course through college, including choosing a major from among many options. This section also contains a look at emerging adults who succeed in college and those who flounder, and some reasons for the differences. Then there is a critical look at the American system of allowing such widespread access to higher education, and a comparison to the European system, looking at the pros and cons of each. The second half of the chapter turns to what undergraduates have to say about their college experiences, for better and worse. The chapter closes with a critical look at two possible future trends, MOOCs, and gap years.
Digital Natives
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2014

Given the abundance of time they devote to their digital diversions, no account of the lives of emerging adults would be complete without attention to their media uses. This chapter begins with an elucidation of their rates of media use and how those rates compare to other age groups, in areas including listening to music, using social media, watching television, texting, and playing electronic games. Then follows an examination of the role that media play in emerging adults’ lives and in their development, particularly their identity development. At the end of the chapter is an exploration of the contentious question of whether all this media use is a positive or negative force in their development. It is concluded that today’s emerging adults integrate their media use into their lives in ways that promote more than undermine their social connectedness and their enjoyment of life.
Automatic prediction of polysaccharide utilization loci in Bacteroidetes species
Authors: Terrapon Nicolas , Lombard Vincent , Gilbert Harry J. , Henrissat Bernard
Published: October 2014

Motivation: A bacterial polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) is a set of physically linked genes that orchestrate the breakdown of a specific glycan. PULs are prevalent in the Bacteroidetes phylum and are key to the digestion of complex carbohydrates, notably by the human gut microbiota. A given Bacteroidetes genome can encode dozens of different PULs whose boundaries and precise gene content are difficult to predict.

Results: Here, we present a fully automated approach for PUL prediction using genomic context and domain annotation alone. By combining the detection of a pair of marker genes with operon prediction using intergenic distances, and queries to the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (www.cazy.org), our predictor achieved above 86% accuracy in two Bacteroides species with extensive experimental PUL characterization.

Availability and implementation: PUL predictions in 67 Bacteroidetes genomes from the human gut microbiota and two additional species, from the canine oral sphere and from the environment, are presented in our database accessible at www.cazy.org/PULDB/index.php.

Contact:  bernard.henrissat@afmb.univ-mrs.fr

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
In-situcryocrystallization of 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene and 2,4-dimethyl-1-nitrobenzene
Authors: Sparkes Hazel A. , Sage Henry J. , Yufit Dmitry S.
Published: October 2014

The crystal structures of 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene, C8H9NO2, and 2,4-dimethyl-1-nitrobenzene, C8H9NO2, which are liquids at room temperature, have been obtained throughin-situcryocrystallization. Weak C—H...O and also π–π interactions are present in both crystal structures.
HalogenatedC,N-diarylacetamides: molecular conformations and supramolecular assembly
Authors: Nayak Prakash S. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Golen James A. , Narayana Badiadka , Kaur Manpreet , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Glidewell Christopher
Published: October 2014

The structures of four halogenatedN,2-diarylacetamides are reported and compared with a range of analogues.N-(4-Chloro-3-methylphenyl)-2-phenylacetamide, C15H14ClNO, (I), andN-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-2-phenylacetamide, C15H14BrNO, (II), are isostructural in the space groupP\overline{1}. The molecules of (I) and (II) are linked into chains of rings by a combination of N—H...O and C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds. The molecules ofN-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acetamide, C15H12Cl3NO, (III), andN-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)acetamide, C15H13BrClNO, (IV), are linked into simpleC(4) chains by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, but significant C—H...π(arene) interactions are absent. TheN-aryl groups in compounds (III) and (IV) adopt a different orientation, byca180°, from that of the corresponding groups in compounds (I) and (II), but otherwise the conformations of (I)–(IV) are very similar. Comparisons are drawn between compounds (I) and (IV) and a range of analogues of the typeR1CH2CONHR2, whereR2represents a halogenated aryl ring andR1represents either another halogenated aryl ring or a naphthalen-1-yl unit.
Eight salt forms of sulfadiazine
Authors: Buist Amanda R. , Dennany Lynn , Kennedy Alan R. , Manzie Craig , McPhie Katherine , Walker Brandon
Published: October 2014

Proton transfer to the sulfa drug sulfadiazine [systematic name: 4-amino-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide] gave eight salt forms. These are the monohydrate and methanol hemisolvate forms of the chloride (2-{[(4-azaniumylphenyl)sulfonyl]azanidyl}pyrimidin-1-ium chloride monohydrate, C10H11N4O2S+·Cl−·H2O, (I), and 2-{[(4-azaniumylphenyl)sulfonyl]azanidyl}pyrimidin-1-ium chloride methanol hemisolvate, C10H11N4O2S+·Cl−·0.5CH3OH, (II)); a bromide monohydrate (2-{[(4-azaniumylphenyl)sulfonyl]azanidyl}pyrimidin-1-ium bromide monohydrate, C10H11N4O2S+·Br−·H2O, (III)), which has a disordered water channel; a species containing the unusual tetraiodide dianion [bis(2-{[(4-azaniumylphenyl)sulfonyl]azanidyl}pyrimidin-1-ium) tetraiodide, 2C10H11N4O2S+·I42−, (IV)], where the [I4]2−ion is located at a crystallographic inversion centre; a tetrafluoroborate monohydrate (2-{[(4-azaniumylphenyl)sulfonyl]azanidyl}pyrimidin-1-ium tetrafluoroborate monohydrate, C10H11N4O2S+·BF4−·H2O, (V)); a nitrate (2-{[(4-azaniumylphenyl)sulfonyl]azanidyl}pyrimidin-1-ium nitrate, C10H11N4O2S+·NO3−, (VI)); an ethanesulfonate {4-[(pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl]anilinium ethanesulfonate, C10H11N4O2S+·C2H5SO3−, (VII)}; and a dihydrate of the 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate {4-[(pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl]anilinium 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate dihydrate, C10H11N4O2S+·HOC6H4SO3−·2H2O, (VIII)}. All these structures feature alternate layers of cations and of anions where any solvent is associated with the anion layers. The two sulfonate salts are protonated at the aniline N atom and the amide N atom of sulfadiazine, a tautomeric form of the sulfadiazine cation that has not been crystallographically described before. All the other salt forms are instead protonated at the aniline group and on one N atom of the pyrimidine ring. Whilst all eight species are based upon hydrogen-bonded centrosymetric dimers with graph setR22(8), the two sulfonate structures also differ in that these dimers do not link into one-dimensional chains of cations through NH3-to-SO2hydrogen-bonding interactions, whilst the other six species do. The chloride methanol hemisolvate and the tetraiodide are isostructural and a packing analysis of the cation positions shows that the chloride monohydrate structure is also closely related to these.
Optimization of crystallization conditions for biological macromolecules
Authors: McPherson Alexander , Cudney Bob
Published: October 2014

For the successful X-ray structure determination of macromolecules, it is first necessary to identify, usually by matrix screening, conditions that yield some sort of crystals. Initial crystals are frequently microcrystals or clusters, and often have unfavorable morphologies or yield poor diffraction intensities. It is therefore generally necessary to improve upon these initial conditions in order to obtain better crystals of sufficient quality for X-ray data collection. Even when the initial samples are suitable, often marginally, refinement of conditions is recommended in order to obtain the highest quality crystals that can be grown. The quality of an X-ray structure determination is directly correlated with the size and the perfection of the crystalline samples; thus, refinement of conditions should always be a primary component of crystal growth. The improvement process is referred to as optimization, and it entails sequential, incremental changes in the chemical parameters that influence crystallization, such as pH, ionic strength and precipitant concentration, as well as physical parameters such as temperature, sample volume and overall methodology. It also includes the application of some unique procedures and approaches, and the addition of novel components such as detergents, ligands or other small molecules that may enhance nucleation or crystal development. Here, an attempt is made to provide guidance on how optimization might best be applied to crystal-growth problems, and what parameters and factors might most profitably be explored to accelerate and achieve success.
Ovine β-lactoglobulin at atomic resolution
Authors: Kontopidis George , Nordle Gilliver Anna , Sawyer Lindsay
Published: October 2014

The crystal structure of the triclinic form of the milk protein β-lactoglobulin from sheep (Ovis aries) at 1.1 Å resolution is described together with a comparison of the triclinic structures of the low-pH bovine and high-pH ovine proteins. All three structures are remarkably similar, despite the well known pH-dependent conformational transition described for the bovine and porcine proteins that occurs in solution. The high resolution of the present structure determination has allowed a more accurate description of the protein than has hitherto been possible, but it is still not clear whether flexibility changes in the external loops can compensate for the presence of a significant void in the unliganded interior of the structure.
Sustainable HRM
Authors: Mariappanadar Sugumar , Kramar Robin
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine sustainable human resource management (HRM) based on the synthesis and simultaneous effects of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on organisational performance and employee harm in five Asia Pacific countries.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data collected using the CRANET survey instrument was analysed using two canonical correlation analyses.

Findings

– This study found flexible high-performance work arrangements (FHPWA), such as tele-working and compressed working week could have a negative effect on organisational performance. However, it also found that employee benefits and trade union influence have a moderating effect on the impact of FHPWA resulting in improved organisational profitability and reduction of employee harm.

Research limitations/implications

– Limitations include the aggregation of the data from the five countries and consequently the neglect of national institutional factors on the impact of HPWS on outcomes. A limited number of factors were used as indicators of HPWS, organisational performance and employee wellbeing/employee harm.

Practical implications

– This study indicates particular HRM policies considered as part of a HPWS have different impacts on organisational profitability and employee wellbeing. There is a need for further research to determine the impact of particular policies and to also examine the interaction and moderating effects of high-performance work practices and trade unions.

Originality/value

– This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable HRM by examining the impact of HPWS on organisational performance and employee wellbeing. It is the first time this has been examined in Asian pacific countries.
Computation of the inductance matrix of axisymmetric windings for very fast transients studies in transformers
Authors: Eslamian Morteza , Vahidi Behrooz
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– To study very fast transients in transformers, it is required to compute the inductance matrix of windings at very high frequencies (MHz). The core acts as a flux barrier at very high frequencies, affecting the values of the self and mutual inductances of windings. In the previous work by the authors, analytical methods for computation of the inductance matrix at very high frequencies, using a 2-D planar approximation of the transformer geometry, were presented. The purpose of this paper is to present analytical methods for the same problem in cylindrical coordinates which do not suffer from the previous approximations in geometry.

Design/methodology/approach

– A method based on the Fourier integral transform is described for the calculation of inductance outside the core window. For the region inside the core window, inductance formulas are extracted using the Fourier series analysis.

Findings

– The final expressions are accurate and fast convergent. Comparisons with FEM simulations and previous 2-D planar formula prove the excellent accuracy of the proposed inductance formulas.

Originality/value

– The value of the presented formulas accounts for considering the effect of iron core on inductances in transformer very fast transient analysis.
Optimal design of single phase permanent magnet brushless DC motor using particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Cvetkovski Goga , Petkovska Lidija , Lefley Paul
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to perform an optimal design of single phase permanent magnet brushless DC motor (SPBLDCM) using efficiency of the motor as objective function. In the design procedure performed on SPBLDCM, particle swarm optimisation (PSO) as an optimisation tool is used.

Design/methodology/approach

– The created computer programme for optimal design of electrical machines is based on the PSO. According to the design characteristics of SPBLDCM, some of the motor parameters are chosen to be constant and others variable. A comparative analysis of both motor models based on the value of the objective function, as well as the values of the optimisation parameters, is performed.

Findings

– From the comparative data analysis of both motor models, it can be concluded that the main objective of the optimisation is realised, and it is achieved by an improvement of the efficiency of the motor.

Originality/value

– An optimisation technique based on PSO has been developed and applied to the design of SPBLDCM. According to the results it can be concluded that the PSO is a very suitable tool for design optimisation of SPBLDCM and electromagnetic devices in general. The quality of the PSO model has been proved through the data analysis of the prototype and optimised solution. At the end, the quality of the PSO solution has been again proved by comparative analysis of the two motor models using FEM as a performance analysis tool.
Promoting mental health of immigrant seniors in community
Authors: D. Koehn Sharon , Jarvis Pavlina , K. Sandhra Sharanjit , K. Bains Satwinder , Addison Madeleine
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore if and how community organizations providing services to late-in-life Punjabi immigrants in British Columbia, Canada, offer services with the potential to promote their mental health or well-being. The authors also wanted to know how Punjabi seniors perceived available services and if they supported their mental well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

– To guide the research, the authors used the VicHealth Framework, which identifies three overarching social and economic determinants of mental health: social inclusion (SI), freedom from violence and discrimination, and access to economic resources and participation. This mixed methods study combines descriptive survey and qualitative focus group data with input from Punjabi seniors and community service providers.

Findings

– All three mental health determinants were identified as important by service providers and seniors, with SI as the most important. Family dynamics (shaped by migration and sponsorship status) influence all three determinants and can promote or diminish mental well-being.

Research limitations/implications

– The pilot study is limited in sample size and scope and further inquiry with different groups of immigrant older adults is warranted.

Practical implications

– Service providers assert that more outreach and sustainable funding are needed to reach the majority of potential beneficiaries unable to participate in community programmes. Information on mental well-being of seniors should be targeted at both seniors and their families.

Originality/value

– The VicHealth Framework provided a unique lens through which to explore the contributions of community organizations to mental health promotion for immigrant older adults.
A year in the mentor's classroom
Authors: Garza Rubén , L. Duchaine Ellen , Reynosa Raymond
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine preservice teachers’ perceptions of their learning and teaching experiences in a mentor's classroom during a year-long field-based placement in a high-need urban school. In addition, the authors sought to examine how the experiences contributed to their professional growth and development as future teachers.

Design/methodology/approach

– This qualitative study used constant comparative analysis (Strauss and Corbin, 1998) to examine preservice teachers’ responses to an open-ended questionnaire, program survey, and also in focus groups about their mentoring experiences.

Findings

– The findings provide insight into participants’ mentors’ influence during a year-long placement and into characteristics of effective mentoring that contributed to their growth. Major findings of preservice teachers’ mentoring experiences in a high-need urban setting reflected two dominant themes: experiencing a pedagogical fulcrum and navigating the tributaries of professionalism.

Research limitations/implications

– The study is limited by the small number of participants from one large public university and included only secondary preservice teachers enrolled in one residency program designed to prepare mathematics, science, and special education teachers. Caution should be taken against generalizing the findings, regarding preservice teachers’ learning and teaching experiences in a mentor's classroom, to resident teachers in other areas due to the small sample size and interpretation of the findings.

Originality/value

– The findings provide a different perspective about the mentoring process to that provided by previous studies because preservice teachers learned and taught in the mentor's classroom during one academic school year without being evaluated by the mentor. The findings illuminate preservice teachers’ professional growth fostered by their experiences and highlight characteristics of the mentor's influence that contributed to their development.
Sleep habits, daytime sleepiness and working conditions in short-distance bus drivers
Authors: José Diez Joaquin , Eduardo Vigo Daniel , Pedro Cardinali Daniel , Pérez-Chada Daniel
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– Driving needs high levels of alertness. Increased somnolence is the most important negative influence to maintain proper watchfulness and vigilance. Drowsiness, working conditions and their affective impact must be taken into account to determine driving safety. The purpose of this paper is to assess excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep habits, quality of sleep, stress-related symptoms, and working conditions in a large sample of short-distance bus drivers in the city of Buenos Aires.

Design/methodology/approach

– This was a cross-sectional study performed to evaluate sleep habits and obstructive apnea risk in short-distance bus drivers of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Questionnaires regarding anthropometric data, sleep habits, snoring, daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index, PQSI), working conditions and fatigue and anxiety related to work were administered to professional short-distance bus drivers (n=1023).

Findings

– A prevalence of 34.6 percent of obesity and 80 percent of snoring was observed. Mean sleep time during workdays was 6.5±0.1 h and bad sleep quality was reported by 54.6 percent of the subjects. Excessive daytime sleepiness had a prevalence of 48.8 percent and was independently associated with reduced sleep time, increased sleep debt, long time to wake up, snoring, and short resting time along the working day (p<0.05).

Originality/value

– Short-distance drivers in Buenos Aires, the largest urban area of Argentina, are a partially sleep-deprived, overweighted population, showing a high daytime somnolence, poor work-rest conditions and high levels of anxiety and fatigue. This association can be very harmful in view of the demanding working conditions considered.
Understanding the health behaviors of India’s information technology and business process outsourcing employees
Authors: Ram Anita , Kurpad Anura , Swaminathan Sumathi
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behaviors of India’s information technology (IT) and business process outsourcing (BPO) employees in relation to diet, exercise, sleep, stress, and social habits.

Design/methodology/approach

– This was a qualitative research study, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Descriptive data were collected from a two-stage purposive sample of 28 IT-BPO employees from three IT companies and two BPOs in Bangalore, India.

Findings

– The majority of interviewees reported having an unhealthy diet and/or sedentary lifestyle. Lack of time due to demanding work schedules was the largest barrier to diet and exercise. Call-centers were described as a social environment with a young workforce.

Research limitations/implications

– Given the qualitative study design and limited sampling frame, results may not be generalizable. However, the qualitative data suggests that India’s young IT-BPO employees may be at greater risk of lifestyle-related diseases than the general population. The data also suggests that interventions incorporating social influence may be a promising solution, particularly at international call centers.

Originality/value

– There is a lack of literature on the lifestyle of IT-BPO employees in India. The results from this study provide qualitative insight on the motives for health behaviors of IT-BPO employees, as well as the barriers and facilitators for leading a healthy lifestyle in this industry. The findings provide the framework for future workplace wellness interventions.
A Multi‐level Dialectical–Paradox Lens for Top Management Team Strategic Decision‐Making in a Corporate Venture
Authors: Costanzo Laura A. , Di Domenico MariaLaura
Published: October 2014

This paper aims to critique the process of corporate‐owned, high‐tech start‐up strategizing through an inductive, longitudinal, case study of ‘UK‐Research‐Tech’. Insights are given through the combined ‘dialectical–paradox’ concept, thereby focusing on where ‘dialectic’ and ‘paradox’ theorizing overlap. This linked iterative, ‘dialogical–dialectic’ research approach also reflects chief executive officer/top management team (CEO/TMT) start‐up dynamics over time. These foci fill important gaps that impede better understanding of dialectical, dialogical and paradoxical forces within strategic decision‐making. As an interpretative tool, they illuminate CEO/TMT strategizing and changing interrelationships affected by broader, volatile, techno‐economic contexts and parent‐company influences on ventures. In this case study, it was found that the CEO's relatively autocratic, parent‐framed approach combined with TMT members' contradictory reactions to create ‘dialectical–paradox’ oppositional forces, eventually only resolved through ‘eleventh hour’ business strategy changes to rescue the venture. This research contributes to more nuanced understandings of corporate‐constrained ventures during early business development from start‐up strategic decisions at parent‐company level to subsequent conditions of more independent dynamic equilibrium. The ‘dialectical–paradox’ conceptual lens contributes an innovative critique of processes affecting strategic decision‐making dynamics. Another important contribution is the empirically inspired conceptual model, developed for use both to guide subsequent case‐study research analyses and as a reflective tool for CEO/TMT strategic decision‐making, especially within corporate‐inspired start‐ups.
Resection of subsequent pulmonary metastases from treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Young E.R. , Diakos E. , Khalid‐Raja M. , Mehanna H.
Published: October 2014

Background

Pulmonary metastasectomy involves the surgical removal of pulmonary nodules. It is a recognised therapeutic modality for the treatment of metastatic disease. There is no consensus as to the role of pulmonary metastasectomy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The objective of this study was to determine whether, in selected patients, resection of subsequent pulmonary metastases prolongs survival in patients already treated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to identify independent risk factors that influence 5‐year survival of patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy.

Methods

A systematic review of English and non‐English articles using MEDLINE (1950‐present), EMBASE (1980‐present), NHS evidence and Cochrane databases. Search terms included but were not limited to: squamous cell carcinoma, pulmonary metastasectomy or resection, head and neck cancer, malignancy or tumour. Studies examining outcomes for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for metachronous pulmonary metastases were included. Independent data extraction of articles by two trained researchers using predefined data fields was performed.

Results

Thirteen of 47 studies (all retrospective) fulfilled eligibility criteria, with a total of 403 patients. In total, 11 papers reported 5‐year survival rates (Kaplan–Meier) in 387 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma following pulmonary metastasectomy. Meta‐analysis of survival data showed an overall absolute 5‐year survival rate of 29.1% for patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy for metachronous metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Two papers reported significantly worse 5‐year survival rates in patients with oral head and neck squamous cell carcinoma compared with other sites (9.2% versus 32.4%, P < 0.001 and 15.4% versus 45.2%, P = 0.01). Two papers reported that the presence of cervical lymph node metastases at diagnosis of the primary tumour significantly worsened 5‐year survival rates following pulmonary metastasectomy (13.8% (N+) versus 32% (N0) P = 0.01 and 24% (N+) versus 60% (N0) P = 0.025). Other significant poor prognostic factors included incomplete pulmonary resection and the presence of multiple pulmonary nodules.

Conclusions

This systematic review provides level 2a evidence of the effectiveness of pulmonary metastasectomy for metachronous pulmonary metastases from head and neck squamous carcinoma, which may offer prolonged survival for selected patients. Poor prognostic factors for pulmonary metastasectomy in this cohort of patients include the presence of lymph node metastasis at the diagnosis of the original tumour, squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, incomplete pulmonary resection and the presence of multiple pulmonary nodules.