bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motion noise reduction in drone magnetometry using a dead-zone-free total-field magnetometer system
Authors: Zhang Rui , Hanselmann Frederick , Fochs Ryan , Lawrence Matthew , Hurley Kevin , Prouty Mark
Published: July 2022

In recent years, drone magnetometry has gained popularity in geophysics mainly due to its time efficiency and low cost in acquiring magnetic data over large areas. In drone magnetometry, a total-field magnetometer is usually suspended from a drone to avoid magnetic interference from the drone. Therefore, the magnetometer can experience uncontrolled yaw-pitch-roll rotations during flight. As a result, both the dead zone and the heading effects of total-field magnetometers pose significant challenges in drone magnetometry. The former causes the magnetic field readings to drop out, while the latter leads to significant motion-induced magnetic noise. We study a commercially available magnetometer system for drone magnetometry. This system eliminates the dead-zone effect by having two orthogonally oriented sensors operating simultaneously. The combined single-output magnetometer is intrinsically dead zone free, but it still has the heading effect. We investigate a compensation method to mitigate the heading effect. Heading-effect calibration data are first collected and then applied to magnetic survey data. Our study shows that the heading-induced motion noise can be suppressed by an order of magnitude through this method. Peak-to-peak noise of 0.2 nT is demonstrated for survey data at a 20 Hz sample rate. This advance overcomes a fundamental challenge in drone magnetometry and could make drone magnetometry the technique of choice for future magnetic surveys.
Pre-existing Reactivity to an IgG4 Fc-Epitope: Characterization and Mitigation of Interference in a Bridging Anti-drug Antibody Assay
Authors: Partridge Michael A. , Chen Jihua , Karayusuf Elif Kabuloglu , Sirimanne Thanoja , Stefan Colin , Lai Ching Ha , Gathani Meghna , DeStefano Lisa , Rozanski Michal , McAfee Sean , Rajadhyaksha Manoj , Andisik Matthew D. , Torri Albert , Sumner Giane
Published: July 2022

Twenty percent of baseline patient samples exhibited a pre-existing response in a bridging anti-drug antibody (ADA) assay for a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutic. In some cases, assay signals were more than 100-fold higher than background, potentially confounding detection of true treatment-emergent ADA responses. The pre-existing reactivity was mapped by competitive inhibition experiments using recombinant proteins or chimeric human mAbs with IgG4 heavy chain regions swapped for IgG1 sequences. These experiments demonstrated that the majority of the samples had reactivity to an epitope containing leucine 445 in the CH3 domain of human IgG4. The pre-existing reactivity in baseline patient samples was mitigated by replacing the ADA assay capture reagent with a version of the drug containing a wild type IgG1 proline substitution at residue 445 without impacting detection of drug-specific, treatment-emergent ADA. Finally, purification on Protein G or anti-human IgG (H + L) columns indicated the pre-existing response was likely due to immunoglobulins in patient samples.

Graphical abstract
The LRRK2 signaling network converges on a centriolar phospho-Rab10/RILPL1 complex to cause deficits in centrosome cohesion and cell polarization
Authors: Lara Ordóñez Antonio Jesús , Fasiczka Rachel , Fernández Belén , Naaldijk Yahaira , Fdez Elena , Blanca Ramírez Marian , Phan Sébastien , Boassa Daniela , Hilfiker Sabine
Published: July 2022

The Parkinson's-disease-associated LRRK2 kinase phosphorylates multiple Rab GTPases including Rab8 and Rab10, which enhances their binding to RILPL1 and RILPL2. The nascent interaction between phospho-Rab10 and RILPL1 blocks ciliogenesis in vitro and in the intact brain, and interferes with the cohesion of duplicated centrosomes in dividing cells. We show here that regulators of the LRRK2 signaling pathway including vps35 and PPM1H converge upon causing centrosomal deficits. The cohesion alterations do not require the presence of other LRRK2 kinase substrates including Rab12, Rab35 and Rab43 or the presence of RILPL2. Rather, they depend on the RILPL1-mediated centrosomal accumulation of phosphorylated Rab10. RILPL1 localizes to the subdistal appendage of the mother centriole, followed by recruitment of the LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab proteins to cause the centrosomal defects. The centrosomal alterations impair cell polarization as monitored by scratch wound assays which is reverted by LRRK2 kinase inhibition. These data reveal a common molecular pathway by which enhanced LRRK2 kinase activity impacts upon centrosome-related events to alter the normal biology of a cell.
Why do ants differ in acclimatory ability? Biophysical mechanisms behind cuticular hydrocarbon acclimation across species
Authors: Baumgart Lucas , Wittke Marti , Morsbach Svenja , Abou Bérengère , Menzel Florian
Published: July 2022

Maintaining water balance is vital for terrestrial organisms. Insects protect themselves against desiccation via cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). CHC layers are complex mixtures of solid and liquid hydrocarbons, with a surprisingly diverse composition across species. This variation may translate into differential phase behaviour, and hence varying waterproofing capacity. This is especially relevant when temperatures change, which requires acclimatory CHC changes to maintain waterproofing. Nevertheless, the physical consequences of CHC variation are still little understood. We studied acclimatory responses and their consequences for CHC composition, phase behaviour and drought survival in three congeneric ant species. Colony sub-groups were kept under cool, warm and fluctuating temperature regimes. Lasius niger and Lasius platythorax, both of which are rich in methyl-branched alkanes, showed largely predictable acclimatory changes of the CHC profile. In both species, warm acclimation increased drought resistance. Warm acclimation increased the proportion of solid compounds in L. niger but not in L. platythorax. In both species, the CHC layer formed a liquid matrix of constantly low viscosity, which contained highly viscous and solid parts. This phase heterogeneity may be adaptive, increasing robustness to temperature fluctuations. In Lasius brunneus, which is rich in unsaturated hydrocarbons, acclimatory CHC changes were less predictable, and warm acclimation did not enhance drought survival. The CHC layer was more homogeneous, but matrix viscosity changed with acclimation. We showed that ant species use different physical mechanisms to enhance waterproofing during acclimation. Hence, the ability to acclimate, and thus climatic niche breadth, may strongly depend on species-specific CHC profile.
High-dose chemotherapy followed by whole lung irradiation in pulmonary relapse Ewing’s sarcomas: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Duverge Loig , Demoor-Goldschmidt Charlotte , Laprie Anne , Cervellera Mathilde , Castex Marie Pierre , Corradini Nadège , Marec-Berard Perrine , Claude Line
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Regarding the efficiency of Bu-Mel-based high-dose-chemotherapy (Bu-Mel-HDCT) and whole lung irradiation (WLI), the objective was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of this salvage sequence in Ewing sarcoma (ES) lung relapses.

Methods:

All eligible pediatric ES patients (1991–2020) identified in SFCE departments were retrospectively reviewed. Seven patients were (1) diagnosed with a pulmonary relapse, isolated or not, (2) naïve from both HCDT and WLI (3) treated by the salvage sequence of conventional chemotherapy, Bu-Mel-HDCT and WLI. The main endpoint was OS evaluation. WLI toxicities were scored using CTC-V5.

Results:

With a 13 years median follow-up (FU), 5/7 patients are alive and in complete remission. 10y-EFS is 71.4%. Three patients experienced transitory radio-induced pneumopathy (RIP). A patient developed RIP (gr.3) and finally progressive lung fibrosis leading to death.

Conclusion:

This study reports seven ES patients treated for lung metastatic relapses, using an aggressive strategy, with favorable survival long-term results which should be balanced with the risk of lung toxicity.

Advances in knowledge:

The approach of surgery, Bu-Mel HDCT followed by WLI can be discussed in selected ES patients with lung relapse, naive from HDCT or WLI, providing an optimal chemosensitivity. A special vigilance is necessary regarding the incidence rate of lung toxicity which can be mitigated by limiting the radiotherapy dose, and observing optimal timing of radiotherapy after HDCT.
A hospital-based prospective cohort study to assess the factors associated with transmission dynamics of SARS CoV-2 among healthcare workers in Delhi
Authors: Dudeja Mridu , Sharma Pragya , Islam Farzana , Shaikh Aqsa , Singh Farishta Hannah D. , Alvi Yasir , Kashyap Varun , Mariam Warisha , Das Ayan Kumar , Haque Safa Fazal , Singh Vishal Kumar , Ahmad Mohammad , Rahman Anisur
Published: July 2022

Background: Healthcare personnel providing COVID-19 care are at increased risk of acquiring infection. Understanding the factors associated with the transmission of infection amongst healthcare workers provides input for the development of prevention strategies. The objectives of this study were to study the adherence to Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures followed between different categories of healthcare workers, to estimate seroconversion rate based on the type of exposure with COVID-19 patients and to study the association between seroconversion and IPC practices.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021 among the healthcare workers in two tertiary healthcare institutes selected by purposive sampling. All Healthcare workers (HCW) participating in the clinical management or having any exposure to a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case were included. A total of 817 subjects were enrolled in the study. At baseline, details on IPC training and adherence along with details of the type of exposure with the COVID-19 patient were collected. The end-line visit was scheduled at 22-31 (preferably 28 days) days from the first visit for the collection of the symptom diary and end-line form. 

Results: Hand hygiene practices were found to be best among paramedics (98.0%), followed by doctors (84.5%) and nurses (90.1%). Maximum HCWs (99.5%; 99.8%; 97.1%) reported using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) appropriately and regular availability of PPE in the hospital setting. Among the various categories of HCWs, nurses had the highest proportion (28.7%) of untrained personnel.

Conclusion: The HCWs who had contact with the surroundings of an infected patient showed higher odds of seroconversion although not statistically significant. Further, analyzing the types of PPE used, we found that the use of masks and gloves were protective in preventing infection. Strengthening IPC training through refresher training and demonstrating the correct use of PPE can enhance adherence to IPC measures.
Resilience and entrepreneurial intentions of people with disabilities: in search of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Pérez-Macías Noemí , Fernández-Fernández José L. , Rúa Vieites Antonio
Published: July 2022

Background: There is a significant gap in employment between people with and without disabilities, despite the importance of work in achieving their independence, autonomy, and integration into society. There are several reasons that cause this gap to exist, such as: people with disabilities feel less prepared, there is a stigma or discrimination to hire people with disabilities and the incompatibility of schedules due to medical issues, among others. That is why entrepreneurship emerges as a good option for the integration of people with disabilities in our society, improves their confidence and promotes some of the Sustainable Development Goals set out in the 2030 Agenda. According to existing literature, people with disabilities have certain virtues such as resilience and motivation that favor entrepreneurship. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide new insights into the variables that determine the entrepreneurial intention of people with disabilities.

Methods: In order to respond to this objective, an online questionnaire was given to people with disabilities between the ages of 16 and 65 years, residing in diverse regions of Spain. To analyze the results, this study uses Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in a sample of 235 people with disabilities in Spain using as a framework Krueger´s improved model, adding resilience as a new variable.

Results: The results reflect the importance of resilience, the subjective norm, and perceived collective efficacy in the entrepreneurial processes of people with disabilities.

Conclusions: This study contributes to the underdeveloped literature on entrepreneurship in people with disabilities; it provides insights that can have a practical effect on the reduction of the inequality gap between people with and without disabilities making recommendations to clinicians, vocational psychologists, and policymakers; also, this study would advance the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 10.
Diagnostic accuracy for a plasma SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein method
Authors: Kristiansen Søren , Schmidt Laura Emilie , Hillig Ann-Britt Nygaard , Nielsen Thyge Lynghøj , Pedersen Thomas Ingemann , Kirkby Nikolai Søren , Schiøler Thomas , Hillig Thore
Published: July 2022

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) releases nucleocapsid proteins (NP) into the blood circulation in infected patients. We investigated whether plasma NP analysis could be used for diagnosing an infection and used for nosocomial screening.

Methods: We collected blood samples from patients admitted to the hospital during a period with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based-screening of patients for SARS-CoV-2. Retrospectively the SARS-CoV-2 NP plasma concentrations were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and used for an initial time course study to find the optimal time-point for sampling blood. Next, we estimated the diagnostic accuracy i.e. the clinical sensitivity and specificity at different plasma NP cut-off concentrations.

Results: The time course study revealed profiles with rapid or more slow declines in NP titers after the RT-PCR result. Nevertheless, in the time interval 0 – 7 days after the RT-PCR result, the NP concentration was always above the level of detection at 1.66 pg/ml suggesting that the diagnosis could be established in the time interval of 0 - 7 days. The median time gap between the plasma NP and RT-PCR results was 0.0 days (n = 1957, interval: -26 to + 21 days). Reducing the time gap to seven days, the clinical sensitivity was 90.0% (n= 60, 95% CI, 82.4% to 97.6%) at a specificity of 95.9% (n=1876, 95% CI, 95.0% to 96.8%). Curve analysis by receiver operation characteristics identified a cut-off concentration of 1.87 pg/mL NP as optimal resulting in a positive predictive value of 41.2%, a negative predictive value of 99.7% and a prevalence of 3.1%.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the NP method is acceptable for making the laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, and an intended use of plasma NP as a prospective nosocomial screening method is considered feasible.
Ser Mulher Negra: Existência e Resistência nos Contos de Conceição Evaristo
Authors: Costa Sheryl Andreatta da , Hillesheim Betina
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo pretende discutir, a partir do livro Insubmissas Lágrimas de Mulheres, de Conceição Evaristo (2016), os modos de existência e as brechas de resistência que se mostram possíveis na vida das personagens protagonistas dos contos: Isaltina Campo Belo, Shirley Paixão, Lia Gabriel e Maria do Rosário Imaculada dos Santos. A escolha desses contos pautou-se na identificação das encenações em que as vozes narrativas das mulheres protagonistas relatam as experiências e os enfrentamentos de diversas formas de violências em contextos de vulnerabilidade. Percorrendo os exercícios de escrevivência realizados por Evaristo, que nos permitem acesso a experiências reais ficcionalizadas das mulheres pobres, negras e periféricas silenciadas no cotidiano brasileiro, discute-se os modos de ser dessas mulheres diante das condições de vulnerabilidade e exposição à violência. Além disso, compreende-se que tais modos de subjetivação não se referem somente à sujeição e ao silenciamento, mas também dizem respeito a práticas de liberdade e movimentos de resistência. Sendo assim, as narrativas, ao mesmo tempo em que denunciam a vulnerabilidade dessas mulheres, também as distanciam da estigmatização dessas existências, afirmando a singularidade da vida e os enfrentamentos diante das situações de violência.
Compreensões Fenomenológicas da Reexposição ao Trauma Sexual com Base nos Relatos de Mulheres
Authors: Nicoletta Bruna Sterza , Mello Marcelo Feijó , Coelho Myrna
Published: July 2022

Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do projeto temático "Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e neuroprogressão: trauma e estresse no aumento da carga alostática e aceleração do processo de envelhecimento", realizado com mulheres vítimas de violência sexual e que desenvolveram estresse pós-traumático no estado de São Paulo. Neste estudo, são apresentados relatos de violência sexual na infância e na adolescência e sua reexposição na vida adulta e, com isso, tem como objetivo trazer à luz compreensões acerca dessa vivência a fim de abrir possibilidades de intervenções adequadas. Foram realizadas entrevistas reflexivas com quatro colaboradoras que, na triagem do Projeto Temático, responderam positivamente a um questionário de abuso e negligência durante a infância e na adolescência. Na análise fenomenológica, seus discursos foram separados em oito categorias de sentido (Afeto, Culpa, Mundo familiar, Não dito, Racismo, Profissionais, Hoje e Reexposição à violência sexual). Concluiu-se que a violência sexual diz respeito a uma responsabilidade política, uma vez que as colaboradoras culpam-se por acreditarem que a vulnerabilidade delas reside em algum comportamento provocado por elas mesmas e não por mais um dispositivo de violência contra a mulher.
Estilos de Habitação na Permacultura e as Interações Pessoa-Ambiente
Authors: Pinheiro Luana Bezerra , Diniz Raquel Farias
Published: July 2022

A crise ecológica tem suscitado movimentos alternativos ao padrão hegemônico das relações humano-natureza no capitalismo. A permacultura surge com a proposta de atrelar a necessidade humana de habitação às necessidades de renovação dos sistemas ecológicos, visando a um conjunto de ações efetivas, deliberadas e antecipadas que objetivam a redução de impactos e o cuidado ambiental. O estilo de vida permacultural envolve, assim, uma experiência de habitação de caráter pró-ecológico e voltado para a sustentabilidade. Neste estudo investigamos experiências de interações pessoa-ambiente a partir da visão de pessoas que aderem a este estilo de vida. Com uso da Teoria Fundamentada, a construção do corpus se deu via entrevistas semiestruturadas com 10 participantes, selecionados/as via indicação por pares. Nas análises, três categorias emergiram: a socioespacialidade em ambientes permaculturais; a rotina permacultural; os espaços permaculturais. Os resultados mostraram uma compreensão ampliada sobre habitação, cuja dimensão socioespacial considera os ecossistemas coabitantes. Identificou-se, também, as especificidades da rotina de manejos dos sistemas da permacultura. Destaca-se ainda desafios, estranhamentos e resistências quanto às formas de bioconstrução e estruturação de espaços permaculturais. Por fim, as pessoas participantes se veem como vitrine, proporcionando experiências tocantes e inspiradoras para despertar o cuidado ambiental.
Fatores de Risco Associados ao Suicídio em Universitários: Uma Revisão de Escopo
Authors: Sunde Rosário Martinho , Oliveira Nicolas Cardoso de , Jaeger Filho Caio Cesar , Esteves Larissa Fenalte , Paz Bernard Martins , Machado Wagner De Lara
Published: July 2022

Este artigo consiste em uma revisão de escopo que objetivou investigar os fatores de risco acadêmicos associados a ideação e tentativas de suicídio em estudantes universitários. Foram recuperados inicialmente 1901 estudos em setembro de 2020 em seis bases de dados (Pubmed, BVS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Science Direct e Scopus). Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 10 estudos para análise. Os principais resultados sugerem a existência de três fatores de risco acadêmicos associados a ideação e tentativas de suicídio: 1) relacionamento social com pares; 2) relacionamento social com professores ou orientador; e 3) adaptação ao ambiente acadêmico. Observou-se que em ambientes universitários os estudantes são vulneráveis a experiências de estresse e frustração relacionadas com a falta de adaptação à nova rotina acadêmica. Além disso, a dinâmica de interação com os pares, professores ou orientadores pode gerar situações de sofrimento ou desconforto emocional, contribuindo para o surgimento de ideação e tentativas de suicídio. Conclui-se que as universidades devem proporcionar espaços de adaptação aos novos estudantes (e.g. centros de acolhimento e orientação psicológica, encontros de convivência social e cultural) e incentivar os professores e orientadores à postura acolhedora.
Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos em Adultos com Histórico de Eventos Estressores Precoces
Authors: Pessoa Giselle Do Nascimento , Costa Ismael Ferreira da , Galdino Melyssa Kellyane Cavalcanti
Published: July 2022

Esse estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar a relação entre os subtipos de Eventos Estressores Precoces e os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos em adultos. Foram utilizados o Questionário sobre Traumas na Infância (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) e o Questionário de Esquemas de Young - forma reduzida (Young Schema Questionnaire - short form) em uma amostra, não-clínica de 200 pessoas, na qual metade (n=100) apontou a presença de Eventos Estressores Precoces. Os dados foram processados no software IBM SPSS Statistics - versão 22, por meio de estatística descritiva, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, e comparação de médias através do Teste t de Amostras Independentes. As análises de correlação revelaram que cada subtipo de abuso e negligência se relacionou de diferentes formas com os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos, sugerindo que a influência diferencial de cada tipo deve ser estudada. Dentre todos os subtipos de Eventos Estressores Precoces, o abuso emocional se destacou, apresentando maior prevalência e correlações com mais esquemas.
Evidências de Validade de Conteúdo da Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, Versão Brasileira (BCIS-BR)
Authors: Alvarenga Marco Antônio Silva , Hastenreiter Flávio , Salgado João Vinícius , Rego Maria Fernanda Gusmão , Pereira Karolina Isabela Ribeiro , Guilhermino Carollina Souza , Azevedo Tiago Geraldo de , Portela Daniele Do Nascimento
Published: July 2022

O insight cognitivo ou clínico refere-se à capacidade de atribuição de sentido aos sintomas presentes em transtornos psicóticos, especialmente naqueles relacionados ao espectro da esquizofrenia. A Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) foi desenvolvida com a finalidade de auxiliar o tratamento de pessoas com o insight comprometido. No entanto, este instrumento ainda não foi devidamente adaptado ao contexto brasileiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer a adaptação transcultural da BCIS para o português do Brasil por meio da evidência de validade de conteúdo. Seis juízes avaliaram os itens desta escala quanto à clareza da linguagem, pertinência prática, relevância teórica e relação item-dimensão. A BCIS apresentou concordância satisfatória nos índices de validade de conteúdo e homogeneidade das respostas referente à análise da clareza da linguagem, pertinência prática e relevância teórica e concordância entre item-dimensão teórica, com reformulação de alguns itens. A retrotradução da escala recebeu aval positiva de uma das autoras originais. No entanto, ainda é necessária a verificação das propriedades psicométricas desta versão da BCIS.
Sobre a Força de "Mães do Crack": A Produção de uma Anormalidade
Authors: Malito Diana Marisa Dias Freire
Published: July 2022

Esta resenha crítica apresenta o livro "Mães do Crack": A produção de uma anormalidade sublinhando suas contribuições para psicólogos e outros trabalhadores das subjetividades que se debruçam sobre os processos de exclusão social. Os corpos das jovens gestantes em situação de rua, na sua maioria negras, interpelam os referenciais normalizadores que historicamente sustentam os lugares de saber-poder dos especialistas que lhes ofertam cuidado, incluindo aqueles afeitos a perspectiva dos "direitos humanos". O livro é efeito da tese de doutorado defendida por Zelia Caldeira, em 2019, no Programa de Pós-graduação em Políticas Públicas e Formação Humana da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PPFH/ Uerj). A autora atua no campo de atenção ao uso prejudicial de álcool e outras drogas desde 1986, e suas experiências embasam tanto análises sobre as práticas cotidianas dirigidas as gestantes usuárias de drogas quanto uma problematização sobre as políticas de drogas no cenário macropolítico. "Mães do Crack" nos convoca a reflexões ativas sobre o cuidado que ofertamos a uma população historicamente marginalizada. Nesse sentido, esta resenha é construída na costura entre a apresentação da obra e análises sobre o lugar de trabalhadora social ocupado pela presente leitora.
Editorial
Authors: Souza Alice De Marchi Pereira de , Mattos Amana , Mendonça Anderson Pereira , Mendes Deise Maria Leal Fernandes , Ponciano Edna Lúcia Tinoco , Degani-Carneiro Filipe , Hernández Jimena De Garay , Quadros Laura Cristina de Toledo , Tura Luiz Fernando , Brunhari Marcos Vinicius , Quitério Patrícia Lorena , Rapizo Rosana Lazaro , Savegnago Sabrina Dal Ongaro , Gomes Vitor Castro
Published: July 2022

Alice De Marchi Pereira de Souza, Amana Mattos, Anderson Pereira Mendonça, Deise Maria Leal Fernandes Mendes, Edna Lúcia Tinoco Ponciano, Filipe Degani-Carneiro, Jimena de Garay Hernández, Laura Cristina de Toledo Quadros, Luiz Fernando Tura, Marcos Vinicius Brunhari, Patrícia Lorena Quitério, Rosana Lazaro Rapizo, Sabrina Dal Ongaro Savegnago, Vitor Castro Gomes
Acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: treatment and management
Authors: Mc Lernon Siobhan , Nash Philip S , Werring David
Published: July 2022

Acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage is a devastating form of stroke, with high rates of mortality and disability in survivors. Despite the burden of intracerebral haemorrhage, there remain few effective treatments that improve the patient outcome when compared to ischaemic stroke. Nonetheless, patients still benefit from specialist stroke unit care, including early interventions to prevent complications. Therapeutic nihilism should be avoided during the acute phase, as well as early care limitations. A proactive multi-targeted approach based on therapeutic strategies to prevent early haematoma expansion and attenuation of secondary brain injury are likely to be important in improving patient outcomes.
A study of university students spending time with young people with autism
Authors: Sari Hatice Yildirim , Dereli Feyza , Akgul Esra Ardahan
Published: July 2022

Aims:

This study aimed to clarify the experiences of university students following their participation in a project where they spent time with young people with autism.

Methods:

Students at İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Turkey, volunteered to take part in a project where they met and socialised with young people with autism. At the end of the project, focus group interviews were held with the students.

Findings:

In the descriptive analysis, themes such as prejudice, anxiety and fear, benefit, lack of knowledge, friendship, normality and experience were determined. The students stated that the participants with autism and their parents, as well as themselves, benefited from the project.

Conclusion:

After completing the project, the university students stated that they were able to get acquainted with and effectively socialise with children with autism and that this experience was beneficial to them.
Stroke care: effectiveness of quality improvement collaboratives
Authors: Hamer Oliver , Lowther Hayley , Harrison Helen , Hill James
Published: July 2022

Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. To tackle the negative impacts of stroke, a high standard of clinical practice and a commitment to continuous quality improvement is needed across the stroke care pathway. One approach to quality improvement is the formation and implementation of quality improvement collaboratives. However, there are several barriers to the implementation of a quality improvement collaborative for stroke care which may impact on its success. This article critically appraises a systematic review that assessed the effectiveness of quality improvement collaboratives for driving improvements in stroke care and explored the barriers to implementing a quality improvement collaborative to improve care.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Palmer Sarah
Published: July 2022

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a severely disabling condition that is often misdiagnosed, with patients experiencing delays for diagnostic procedures and treatment. Sarah Palmer investigates this and provides further insight.
Impact of capsular preservation on patient-reported outcomes and complication rates in total hip arthroplasty using the direct anterior approach
Authors: Stadelmann Vincent A. , Rüdiger Hannes A. , Nauer Selina , Leunig Michael
Published: July 2022

Aims

It is not known whether preservation of the capsule of the hip positively affects patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in total hip arthroplasty using the direct anterior approach (DAA-THA). A recent randomized controlled trial found no clinically significant difference at one year postoperatively. This study aimed to determine whether preservation of the anterolateral capsule and anatomical closure improve the outcome and revision rate, when compared with resection of the anterolateral capsule, at two years postoperatively.

Methods

Two consecutive groups of patients whose operations were performed by the senior author were compared. The anterolateral capsule was resected in the first group of 430 patients between January 2012 and December 2014, and preserved and anatomically closed in the second group of 450 patients between July 2015 and December 2017. There were no other technical changes between the two groups. Patient characteristics, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and surgical data were collected from our database. PROM questionnaires, consisting of the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI-Hip), were collected two years postoperatively. Data were analyzed with generalized multiple regression analysis.

Results

The characteristics, CCI, operating time, and length of stay were similar in both groups. There was significantly less blood loss in the capsular preservation group (p = 0.037). The revision rate (n = 3, (0.6%) in the resected group, and 1 (0.2%) in the preserved group) did not differ significantly (p = 0.295). Once adjusted for demographic and surgical factors, the preserved group had significantly worse PROMs: + 0.24 COMI-Hip (p < 0.001) and -1.6 OHS points (p = 0.017). However, the effect sizes were much smaller than the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of 0.95 and 5, respectively). The date of surgery (influencing, for instance, the surgeon’s age) was not a significant factor.

Conclusion

Based on the MCID, the lower PROMs in the capsular preservation group do not seem to have clinical relevance. They do not, however, confirm the expected benefit of capsular preservation reported for the posterolateral approach. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):826–832.
The incidence of adverse local tissue reaction due to head taper corrosion after total hip arthroplasty using V40 taper and 36 mm CoCr head
Authors: Grothe Tim , Günther Klaus-Peter , Hartmann Albrecht , Blum Sophia , Haselhoff Richard , Goronzy Jens
Published: July 2022

Aims

Head-taper corrosion is a cause of failure in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Recent reports have described an increasing number of V40 taper failures with adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR). However, the real incidence of V40 taper damage and its cause remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term incidence of ALTR in a consecutive series of THAs using a V40 taper and identify potentially related factors.

Methods

Between January 2006 and June 2007, a total of 121 patients underwent THA using either an uncemented (Accolade I, made of Ti12Mo6Zr2Fe; Stryker, USA) or a cemented (ABG II, made of cobalt-chrome-molybdenum (CoCrMo); Stryker) femoral component, both with a V40 taper (Stryker). Uncemented acetabular components (Trident; Stryker) with crosslinked polyethylene liners and CoCr femoral heads of 36 mm diameter were used in all patients. At a mean folllow-up of 10.8 years (SD 1.1), 94 patients (79%) were eligible for follow-up (six patients had already undergone a revision, 15 had died, and six were lost to follow-up). A total of 85 THAs in 80 patients (mean age 61 years (24 to 75); 47 (56%) were female) underwent clinical and radiological evaluation, including the measurement of whole blood levels of cobalt and chrome. Metal artifact reduction sequence MRI scans of the hip were performed in 71 patients.

Results

A total of 20 ALTRs were identified on MRI, with an incidence of 26%. Patients with ALTR had significantly higher median Co levels compared with those without ALTR (2.96 μg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 1.35 to 4.98) vs 1.44 μg/l (IQR 0.79 to 2.5); p = 0.019). Radiological evidence of osteolysis was also significantly associated with ALTR (p = 0.014). Median Cr levels were not significantly higher in those with ALTR compared with those without one (0.97 μg/l (IQR 0.72 to 1.9) v 0.67 μg/l (IQR 0.5 to 1.19; p = 0.080). BMI, sex, age, type of femoral component, head length, the inclination of the acetabular component, and heterotopic ossification formation showed no significant relationship with ALTR.

Conclusion

Due to the high incidence of local ALTR in our cohort after more than ten years postoperatively, we recommend regular follow-up investigation even in asymptomatic patients with V40 taper and metal heads. As cobalt levels correlate with ALTR occurrence, routine metal ion screening and consecutive MRI investigation upon elevation could be discussed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):852–858.
Modified acetabular component liner designs are not superior to standard liners at reducing the risk of revision
Authors: Krull Paula , Steinbrück Arnd , Grimberg Alexander W. , Melsheimer Oliver , Morlock Michael , Perka Carsten
Published: July 2022

Aims

Registry studies on modified acetabular polyethylene (PE) liner designs are limited. We investigated the influence of standard and modified PE acetabular liner designs on the revision rate for mechanical complications in primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

We analyzed 151,096 primary cementless THAs from the German Arthroplasty Registry (EPRD) between November 2012 and November 2020. Cumulative incidence of revision for mechanical complications for standard and four modified PE liners (lipped, offset, angulated/offset, and angulated) was determined using competing risk analysis at one and seven years. Confounders were investigated with a Cox proportional-hazards model.

Results

Median follow-up was 868 days (interquartile range 418 to 1,364). The offset liner design reduced the risk of revision (hazard ratio (HR) 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50 to 0.92)), while the angulated/offset liner increased the risk of revision for mechanical failure (HR 1.81 (95% CI 1.38 to 2.36)). The cumulative incidence of revision was lowest for the offset liner at one and seven years (1.0% (95% CI 0.7 to 1.3) and 1.8% (95% CI 1.0 to 3.0)). No difference was found between standard, lipped, and angulated liner designs. Higher age at index primary THA and an Elixhauser Comorbidity Index greater than 0 increased the revision risk in the first year after surgery. Implantation of a higher proportion of a single design of liner in a hospital reduced revision risk slightly but significantly (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The use of standard acetabular component liners remains a good choice in primary uncemented THA, as most modified liner designs were not associated with a reduced risk of revision for mechanical failure. Offset liner designs were found to be beneficial and angulated/offset liner designs were associated with higher risks of revision. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):801–810.
Camponotus renggeri (Formicidae) predated Agelaia vicina (Vespidae) nest and occupied Parachartergus pseudapicalis (Vespidae) nest
Authors: Magalhães de Souza Marcos , Augusta Junqueira Lidiane , Jacques Gabriel Castro , Teófilo-Guedes Gabriel Silva , Cola Zanuncio José
Published: July 2022

Ants prey on social wasps affecting the evolution of nest architecture, defense behaviors, and selection of nesting sites of these insects. The importance of social wasps in natural and agricultural ecosystems, especially in biological control, justifies studies on predation of these insects by ants. The objective of this work is to report the colony predation of the social wasp Agelaia vicina (de Saussure, 1854) and the nest occupation of Parachartergus pseudapicalis Willinck, 1959 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) by the ant Camponotus renggeri Emery, 1894 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Atlantic Forest biome. The records occurred in 2015 and 2018 in southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This is the first record of C. renggeri preying on and occupying social wasp nests. This relationship between social wasps and ants constitutes an adaptation for the survival of these latter insects, and the limited number of records increases the need for research on the relevance of this phenomenon to the ecology of Atlantic Forest Hymenoptera.
Simultaneous Bilateral Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Avulsion Injury in an Adolescent Cross-Country Runner
Authors: Brock James , Punjabi Salim
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Pelvic apophyseal injuries are common in young athletes where muscle strength exceeds the tensile strength of the physis. Sequential bilateral injuries are exceedingly rare, and little is known of their mechanism. Case Presentation: A 15-year-old male cross-country runner presented with bilateral hip pain after sprint training. The patient describes going “flat out” and “overstriding” before collapsing with immediate pain. MRI imaging confirmed an acute bilateral Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Injury (AIIS). Conservative management included protected weight-bearing, a hip strengthening program and graded return to play. At 6 months, the patient returned to full sporting activities with no symptoms. Conclusion: We present a unique case of bilateral AIIS avulsion that offers insight into the potential mechanisms and adds to the evidence that these injuries may be managed successfully with conservative treatment. Keywords:Pelvic avulsion injury, anterior inferior iliac spine.
Knowing where the shoe pinches: three Labour ministers reflect on their experiences in social work and politics
Authors: Scourfield Jonathan , Warner Jo
Published: July 2022

Three Labour politicians with experience in government and backgrounds in social work spoke on a conference panel about politics and social work. All had moved into electoral politics with the view that there were limits to the radical change that social work could achieve. They discussed how social work has influenced their political work and how constituency casework illuminates the impact of policies on individuals. This article examines the themes of the discussion.
Caring for our caregivers in a pandemic: challenges, gaps and suggestions for change
Authors: Hajjar Julia , Idriss-Wheeler Dina , Oostlander Samantha A.
Published: July 2022

Unpaid caregivers provide valuable care that saves the Canadian healthcare system billions of dollars every year. Caregiving is highly taxing, often resulting in psychosocial impacts that are associated with negative health outcomes and decreased quality of life for caregivers. These impacts are exacerbated when public health disasters occur, such as pandemics. This article employs a socioecological approach to explore how existing risk factors at the micro, meso and macro levels negatively impacted caregivers in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use these findings to suggest policy recommendations and advocate for better support for caregivers in the event of future pandemics or other disasters.
Policing a pandemic: changes in police response to intimate partner violence (IPV) during the first lockdown in England
Authors: Trafford Lucy
Published: July 2022

This article investigates the police response to intimate partner violence (IPV) during the first lockdown in England (23 March–30 June 2020), a time when more people were confined to their homes and rates of IPV increased globally (Williamson et al, 2020). Having gained access to data for domestic abuse-flagged incidents from a south-eastern police force, this research compares quantitative data for 6808 incidents during the first lockdown in England with 6408 incidents during the equivalent 2019 timeframe. Quantitative analysis was conducted by comparing descriptive statistics and chi-squared testing.

This study finds that age distribution changed for victims and suspects, with IPV decreasing among younger age groups and increasing within older age categories. Shifts occurred in the categorisation of IPV crimes with an increase in crimes that can be committed remotely, most notably stalking and malicious communications. Additionally, the risk level differed for IPV incidents, with a reduction in incidents recorded as medium- and high-risk. Whereas, standard-risk incidents rose substantially, causing a change in the distribution of risk levels across reported incidents. This shift was reflected in fewer arrests, except among higher-risk incidents which maintained higher arrest rates. Official outcomes similarly decreased, with fewer court disposals and more simple cautions.
The digital storytelling of feminist foreign policy: Sweden’s state feminism in digital diplomacy
Authors: Rosamond Annika Bergman , Hedling Elsa
Published: July 2022

This article interrogates the digital storytelling of Sweden’s feminist foreign policy. Drawing on scholarship on state feminism and digital diplomacy, it shows how digital platforms offer opportunities to reproduce narratives of state feminism through storytelling. We propose that digital diplomacy is used to advance feminist foreign policy through emotional sense-making that requires the telling of personal stories. The article provides a narrative analysis of the stories of women and girls that symbolise and embody feminist foreign policy, and the way in which they are communicated by the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The article concludes by noting that the digital storytelling of feminist foreign policy allows the Ministry for Foreign Affairs to communicate to a wider digital audience. These stories, however, run the risk of obscuring the feminist ambitions of feminist foreign policy by insufficiently considering the gendered injustices that undergird the global gender order and by bringing together seemingly incompatible stories of feminist exceptionalism and success.
Tension between autonomy and dependency: insights into platform work of professional (video)bloggers
Authors: Hoose Fabian , Rosenbohm Sophie
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to extend knowledge and understanding of work in the platform economy by focusing on the phenomenon of (video)blogging on and around social media platforms. The growth of the platform economy has attracted considerable attention in recent years. As yet, however, research has focused almost exclusively on labour platforms that operate to match the supply of and demand for paid work in fields such as food delivery, ride hailing, cleaning or data entry activities. Surprisingly little is known about work and its manifestations on other platforms, despite the fact that the platform economy embraces a huge variety of arrangements for income generation. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 18 German (video)bloggers we show that (video)blogging constitutes a specific form of ‘digital self-employment’ that combines features of traditional self-employment with digitally mediated dependencies. While (video)bloggers enjoy both a great deal of independence from managerial control and a high degree of autonomy, they are also subject to the rules and algorithms set by large tech companies. The example of (video)blogging, together with the experiences of (video)bloggers, highlights the extent to which the platform economy has created new types of work that need to be taken into consideration to enable a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics of the platform economy and how these are transforming the nature of work.
Fighting the beast of the apocalypse: three fundamental reasons for a Critical Political Economy approach to Global Political Economy
Authors: Jäger Johannes
Published: July 2022

Critical Political Economy (CPE) has a long-standing pre-disciplinary tradition that can also be understood as a post-disciplinary or a trans-disciplinary approach. The central argument of this article is that CPE represents a proper basis for Global Political Economy (GPE). This is for three fundamental reasons: first, CPE’s purpose and perspective but also its ethical foundations, and its siding with the exploited and the oppressed make it extremely useful for the study of the GPE. While CPE is based on the tradition of Marx, it also allows for integrating insights from other approaches, disciplines and fields. Second, the dialectical methodology of CPE that starts with the analysis of concrete reality that provides the basis to systematically integrate different perspectives without falling into the trap of tracing causality to simplified and reified abstract concepts in GPE. Third, building the analysis on a materialist ground is essential for GPE. The merits of a materialist foundation become particularly obvious in view of the global ecological crisis and highlight important contradictions of the capitalist mode of production. It is concluded that rooting GPE in a tradition of CPE understood along these lines is crucial for a proper understanding and for systematically reflecting the challenges of today and tomorrow and emancipatory progressive strategies and struggles.
Global Political Economy, additional blind spots and the ‘US or Europe’ problem: lessons from East Asia
Authors: Shibata Saori
Published: July 2022

Attempts to broaden the fields of Global Political Economy (GPE) and Comparative Political Economy have proliferated over recent decades. This is reflected in the focus on ‘blind spots’, whereby we see a highlighting of understudied and underappreciated areas in International Political Economy (IPE)/GPE. While these areas undoubtedly require further study, it remains apparent that the examples and contexts through which ‘GPE’ and its ‘blind spots’ are studied remain overwhelmingly European and North American. Yet, general trends in the GPE, which are more commonly viewed as empirical manifestations in Europe and North America, nevertheless display divergences and differences that can only be fully appreciated when considered in different regional contexts. This article is, therefore, a call to extend the empirical contexts through which we understand the particular instantiations of general trends within the GPE, and in doing so to shift our attention towards the historically and spatially specific regional dynamics of the GPE as these have developed specifically in the case of East Asia.