bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Large Language Model to Identify Confidential Content in Adolescent Encounter Notes
Authors: Rabbani Naveed , Brown Conner , Bedgood Michael , Goldstein Rachel L. , Carlson Jennifer L. , Pageler Natalie M. , Morse Keith E.
Published: January 2024

This cross-sectional study assesses the ability of a language learning model to classify whether a progress note contains confidential information and to identify the specific confidential content in the note.
In‐Plane Impact Characteristics of Auxetic Rotating Triangular Honeycomb Inspired by a Rotating Rigid Structure
Authors: Chen Yuwen , Huang Huilan , Deng Xiaolin
Published: January 2024

Inspired by rotating rigid structures, an auxiliary rotating triangular honeycomb structure (ARTH) is designed in this article. The structure has dual platform stress, which can reduce the initial peak stress generated during collisions, reducing injuries to pedestrians and vehicle occupants. The accuracy of the finite element numerical model is verified by experiments, and a series of researches are carried out. The mechanical properties of the structure at different velocities are studied and the classification diagram of deformation modes is obtained. Under low‐speed impact load, ARTH has two deformation stages and two stress plateau regions, in which the stress of the second plateau is more than twice that of the first plateau. Then, a theoretical model based on plastic dissipation theory predicts the stress platform at different deformation stages under quasi‐static conditions. Parametric analysis shows that increasing wall thickness t can significantly improve the stress platform and energy absorption, but the negative Poisson's ratio effect is weakened. The influence of angle θ on the first stage deformation of ARTH is significant. These studies can provide some references for the design of double‐platform stress and the reduction of initial peak stress of rotating auxiliary structures.
Rapid Volumetric Bioprinting of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioinks
Authors: Lian Liming , Xie Maobin , Luo Zeyu , Zhang Zhenrui , Maharjan Sushila , Mu Xuan , Garciamendez‐Mijares Carlos Ezio , Kuang Xiao , Sahoo Jugal Kishore , Tang Guosheng , Li Gang , Wang Di , Guo Jie , González Federico Zertuche , Abril Manjarrez Rivera Victoria , Cai Ling , Mei Xuan , Kaplan David L. , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: January 2024

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)‐based hydrogels are widely applied to additive biomanufacturing strategies for relevant applications. The extracellular matrix components and growth factors of dECM play crucial roles in cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation. However, the generally poor mechanical properties and printability have remained as major limitations for dECM‐based materials. In this study, heart‐derived dECM (h‐dECM) and meniscus‐derived dECM (Ms‐dECM) bioinks in their pristine, unmodified state supplemented with the photoinitiator system of tris(2,2‐bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate and sodium persulfate, demonstrate cytocompatibility with volumetric bioprinting processes. This recently developed bioprinting modality illuminates a dynamically evolving light pattern into a rotating volume of the bioink, and thus decouples the requirement of mechanical strengths of bioprinted hydrogel constructs with printability, allowing for the fabrication of sophisticated shapes and architectures with low‐concentration dECM materials that set within tens of seconds. As exemplary applications, cardiac tissues are volumetrically bioprinted using the cardiomyocyte‐laden h‐dECM bioink showing favorable cell proliferation, expansion, spreading, biomarker expressions, and synchronized contractions; whereas the volumetrically bioprinted Ms‐dECM meniscus structures embedded with human mesenchymal stem cells present appropriate chondrogenic differentiation outcomes. This study supplies expanded bioink libraries for volumetric bioprinting and broadens utilities of dECM toward tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Multicolor Tunable Upconversion Luminescence via Near‐Infrared Manipulation of Population Pathways of Er3+ Ions Excited‐State Levels for Volumetric Color Displays
Authors: Jia Heng , Li Nan , He Huiyu , Zhang Xucheng , Teng Yingyue , Qin Weiping
Published: January 2024

Precise control over multicolor luminescence of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is of significant importance for their applications in widespread fields of research. However, realizing the tunable emissions in single UCNPs with a single lanthanide element remains a great challenge. Herein, without multiple lanthanide elements, a new strategy for the regulation of the excited‐state level population pathways of the same lanthanide activator Er3+ ion to obtain multicolor‐tunable upconversion luminescence is proposed through utilizing 980 nm coupled 1973 nm synergistic excitation. Unlike typical single wavelength excitation, the synergistic excitation may affect population pathways of the excited‐state level of Er3+ ion by adjusting excitation wavelength and power density, resulting in a dynamically adjustable change in luminescence color output. Notably, multicolor luminescence involving green, chartreuse, yellow, orange, and red can be tuned dynamically in the NaYF4:Er3+ single UCNPs by using the tunable 980/1973 nm synergistic excitation. This dynamic luminescence color variation from these UCNPs has demonstrated promising potential applications in volumetric color display. The results provide a new approach to achieve multicolor‐tunable upconversion luminescence at single nanoparticles level and open up the possibility of developing true three‐dimensional volumetric color display technologies with resolution at the nanometer range.
A Nucleic Acid‐Based LYTAC Plus Platform to Simultaneously Mediate Disease‐Driven Protein Downregulation
Authors: Huang Yangyang , Zhou Xujiao , Zhang Yirou , Xie Miao , Wang Fujun , Qin Jingcan , Ye Han , Zhang Hong , Zhang Chuan , Hong Jiaxu
Published: January 2024

Protein degradation techniques, such as proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and lysosome‐targeting chimeras (LYTACs), have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseases. However, the efficacy of current protein degradation methods still needs to be improved to address the complex mechanisms underlying diseases. Herein, a LYTAC Plus hydrogel engineered is proposed by nucleic acid self‐assembly, which integrates a gene silencing motif into a LYTAC construct to enhance its therapeutic potential. As a proof‐of‐concept study, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)‐binding peptides and mannose‐6 phosphate (M6P) moieties into a self‐assembled nucleic acid hydrogel are introduced, enabling its LYTAC capability. Small interference RNAs (siRNAs) is then employed that target the angiopoietin‐2 (ANG‐2) gene as cross‐linkers for hydrogel formation, giving the final LYTAC Plus hydrogel gene silencing ability. With dual functionalities, the LYTAC Plus hydrogel demonstrated effectiveness in simultaneously reducing the levels of VEGFR‐2 and ANG‐2 both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in improving therapeutic outcomes in treating neovascular age‐related macular degeneration in a mouse model. As a general material platform, the LYTAC Plus hydrogel may possess great potential for the treatment of various diseases and warrant further investigation.
On the thermodynamics of aggregation toward phosphorescent metallomesogens: From electronic tuning to supramolecular design
Authors: Gutierrez Suburu Matias E. , Blanke Meik , Geerkens Leon , Hepp Alexander , Maisuls Iván , Kösters Jutta , Neumann Thorben , Voskuhl Jens , Giese Michael , Strassert Cristian A.
Published: January 2024

Two series with three Pt(II) complexes each (PtLPh‐n, PtLFpy‐n) bearing asymmetric tetradentate ligands as dianionic luminophores with variable alkyl chain lengths were synthesized. Hence, each ligand series is distinguished by one of its cyclometallating rings (phenyl vs. 2,6‐difluoropyrid‐3‐yl). Steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopic studies in diluted solutions at room temperature and in glassy matrices at 77 K show that the emissive state is mainly centered on the invariantly electron‐rich cyclometalated side while the second ring regulates the admixture of ligand‐centered and metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer character. Hence, the radiative rates can be controlled, as indicated by quantum‐mechanical calculations, which also explain the temperature‐dependent trend in the phosphorescence rate constants. Studies in condensed phases (single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry, polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence micro(spectro)scopy) showed the development of a smectic A mesophase for the fluorinated species bearing the two longest alkyl chains. Nuclear magnetic resonance‐based studies on the thermodynamics of aggregation in solution confirm the marked enthalpic stabilization of aggregates mediated by the polar 2,6‐difluoropyrid‐3‐yl moiety (and to a lesser extent by dispersive forces between the alkyl chains). On the other hand, the negative entropy of aggregation is dominated by the restriction of degrees of freedom involving the peripheral alkyl moieties upon stacking, which becomes increasingly relevant for longer chains. All these factors control Pt···Pt coupling, a crucial interaction for the design of photofunctional mesogens based on Pt(II) complexes.
Hydroxyurea is associated with later onset of acute splenic sequestration crisis in sickle cell disease: Lessons from the European Sickle Cell Disease Cohort—Hydroxyurea (ESCORT‐HU) study
Authors: Allali Slimane , Galactéros Frédéric , Oevermann Lena , Cannas Giovanna , Joseph Laure , Loko Gylna , Elenga Narcisse , Benkerrou Malika , Etienne‐Julan Maryse , Castex Marie‐Pierre , Brousse Valentine , de Montalembert Mariane
Published: January 2024

Acute splenic sequestration crisis (ASSC) is a potentially life‐threatening complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), typically occurring in young patients under 5 years of age, with a median age at first episode of less than 2 years. Because a beneficial effect of hydroxyurea (HU) on spleen perfusion and splenic function has been suspected, we hypothesized that HU treatment might be associated with later onset of ASSC in patients with SCD. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed data from the ESCORT‐HU study on a large cohort of patients with SCD receiving HU, enrolled between January 2009 and June 2017 with a follow‐up of 7309 patient‐years of observation. The median age at ASSC of the 14 patients who experienced a first episode of ASSC during the study period was 8.0 [IQR: 5.0–24.1] years. The median age at HU initiation was significantly lower in these 14 patients (4.8 [IQR: 3.3–18.7] years) compared to the 1664 patients without ASSC (19.9 [8.8–33.4] years, p = .0008). These findings suggest that ASSC may occur at an unusually late age in patients receiving HU, possibly reflecting longer preservation of spleen perfusion and function secondary to early initiation of HU. Further studies are needed to better characterize the effects of HU on spleen perfusion/function and on the occurrence of ASSC in patients with SCD (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02516579; European registry ENCEPP/SDPP/10565).
Metal‐organic Frameworks in Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Parashar Ranjeev Kumar , Jash Priyajit , Zharnikov Michael , Mondal Prakash Chandra
Published: January 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a specific class of hybrid, crystalline, nano‐porous materials made of metal‐ion‐based ‘nodes’ and organic linkers. Most of the studies on MOFs largely focused on porosity, chemical and structural diversity, gas sorption, sensing, drug delivery, catalysis, and separation applications. In contrast, much less reports paid attention to understanding and tuning the electrical properties of MOFs. Poor electrical conductivity of MOFs (~10−7–10−10 S cm−1), reported in earlier studies, impeded their applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and renewable energy storage. To overcome this drawback, the MOF community has adopted several intriguing strategies for electronic applications. The present review focuses on creatively designed bulk MOFs and surface‐anchored MOFs (SURMOFs) with different metal nodes (from transition metals to lanthanides), ligand functionalities, and doping entities, allowing tuning and enhancement of electrical conductivity. Diverse platforms for MOFs‐based electronic device fabrications, conductivity measurements, and underlying charge transport mechanisms are also addressed. Overall, the review highlights the pros and cons of MOFs‐based electronics (MOFtronics), followed by an analysis of the future directions of research, including optimization of the MOF compositions, heterostructures, electrical contacts, device stacking, and further relevant options which can be of interest for MOF researchers and result in improved devices performance.
A Triply Linked Porphyrin‐Norcorrole Hybrid with Singlet Diradical Character
Authors: Wang Kaisheng , Ito Satoru , Ren Shuang , Shimizu Daiki , Fukui Norihito , Kishi Ryohei , Liu Qiang , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: January 2024

Norcorrole Ni(II) complexes have recently received considerable attention because they are readily accessible antiaromatic molecules. Their high stability under ambient conditions and ease of synthesis have enabled the exploration of the intrinsic properties of antiaromatic molecules. Here, we report the synthesis and properties of meso–meso singly linked porphyrin‐norcorrole hybrids and a triply linked porphyrin‐norcorrole hybrid. The singly linked and triply linked porphyrin‐norcorrole hybrids were fully characterized, including an X‐ray structural analysis. Due to their orthogonal conformation, the singly linked hybrids maintain the individual electronic properties of their porphyrin and norcorrole subunits, while the triply linked hybrid shows a significantly smaller electrochemical HOMO–LUMO gap (0.45 eV) than that of Ni(II) dimesitylnorcorrole (1.08 eV). Furthermore, the triply linked hybrid exhibits singlet diradical characteristics, as confirmed by VT NMR, ESR, and SQUID experiments.
Chemically Transformed Ag2Te Nanowires on Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane For Flexible Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Kashyap Ankit , Rawat Divya , Sarkar Debattam , Singh Niraj Kumar , Biswas Kanishka , Soni Ajay
Published: January 2024

Flexible thermoelectric devices of nanomaterials have shown a great potential for applications in wearable to remotely located electronics with desired shapes and geometries. Continuous powering up the low power flexible electronics is a major challenge. We are reporting a flexible thermoelectric module prepared from silver telluride (Ag2Te) nanowires (NWs), which are chemically transformed from uniquely synthesized and scalable tellurium (Te) NWs. Conducting Ag2Te NWs composites have shown an ultralow total thermal conductivity ~0.22 W/mK surpassing the bulk melt‐grown Ag2Te ~1.23 W/mK at ~300 K, which is attributed to the nanostructuring of the material. Flexible thermoelectric device consisting of 4 legs (n‐type) of Ag2Te NWs on polyvinylidene fluoride membrane displays a significant output voltage (Voc) ~2.3 mV upon human touch and Voc ~18 mV at temperature gradient, ΔT ~50 K, which shows the importance of NWs based flexible thermoelectric devices to power up the low power wearable electronics.
Global Reactivity Profiling of the Catalytic Lysine in Human Kinome for Covalent Inhibitor Development
Authors: Tang Guanghui , Wang Wei , Zhu Chengjun , Huang Huisi , Chen Peng , Wang Xuan , Xu Manyi , Sun Jie , Zhang Chong‐Jing , Xiao Qicai , Gao Liqian , Zhang Zhi‐Min , Yao Shao Q.
Published: January 2024

Advances in targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) have been made by using lysine‐reactive chemistries. Few aminophiles possessing balanced reactivity/stability for the development of cell‐active TCIs are however available. We report herein lysine‐reactive activity‐based probes (ABPs; 2–14) based on the chemistry of aryl fluorosulfates (ArOSO2F) capable of global reactivity profiling of the catalytic lysine in human kinome from mammalian cells. We concurrently developed reversible covalent ABPs (15/16) by installing salicylaldehydes (SA) onto a promiscuous kinase‐binding scaffold. The stability and amine reactivity of these probes exhibited a broad range of tunability. X‐ray crystallography and mass spectrometry (MS) confirmed the successful covalent engagement between ArOSO2F on 9 and the catalytic lysine of SRC kinase. Chemoproteomic studies enabled the profiling of >300 endogenous kinases, thus providing a global landscape of ligandable catalytic lysines of the kinome. By further introducing these aminophiles into VX‐680 (a noncovalent inhibitor of AURKA kinase), we generated novel lysine‐reactive TCIs that exhibited excellent in vitro potency and reasonable cellular activities with prolonged residence time. Our work serves as a general guide for the development of lysine‐reactive ArOSO2F‐based TCIs.
Efficient separation and recovery of Co and Ni from ammonium sulfate roasting‐water leaching solutions of oceanic cobalt‐rich crusts by sulfide precipitation and P507–Cyanex 272 synergistic extraction
Authors: Ju Jinrong , Feng Yali , Li Haoran , Xue Zhonghua , Yang Jun , Du Xingquan
Published: January 2024

Oceanic cobalt‐rich crusts contain many valuable metals including Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn, of which Co and Ni are scarce metal resources on terrestrial land. Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn in cobalt‐rich crusts can be efficiently extracted by the ammonium sulfate roasting‐water leaching (ARWL) process, but separating and recovering Co and Ni from the leaching solution containing high concentrations of Mn is a challenging problem. In this study, a combination of sulfide precipitation and P507–Cyanex 272 synergistic extraction is proposed for the separation and recovery of Co and Ni from the ARWL solutions of oceanic cobalt‐rich crusts. Under the optimum sulfide precipitation conditions, Co and Ni were precipitated with 99.85% and 99.63% efficiency, respectively, while Mn was coprecipitated with only .79% efficiency. The Co–Ni mixed sulfides were dissolved by dilute sulfuric acid under oxidative conditions to obtain a solution containing 12.584 g/L Co, 11.012 g/L Ni, and a small amount of Mn. Subsequently, Co and Mn were extracted from this solution using P507–Cyanex 272 synergistic extraction, the single‐stage extraction efficiencies of Co and Mn were 95.76% and 99.73%, respectively, and the coextraction efficiency of Ni was 3.02%, under the conditions of a feed solution pH of 3.0, an extractant saponification degree of 70%, a total extractant concentration of 20% (P507 to Cyanex 272 ratio of 3:7), and an O/A ratio of 1.1:1. The results of the thermodynamic study showed that the reaction of Co extraction by this mixed extraction system was exothermic. Ni in the organic phase was washed with an H2SO4 concentration of .12 mol/L, followed by stripping of Co and Mn with an H2SO4 concentration of .6 mol/L. Mn in the stripping solution was removed by oxidative precipitation with (NH4)2S2O8, after which the Co3O4 product was obtained by precipitation with (NH4)2C2O4 and calcination. Similarly, NiC2O4·2H2O can be obtained from the raffinate by (NH4)2C2O4 precipitation. Finally, a flowsheet was developed for the separation and recovery of Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn from the ARWL solutions of oceanic cobalt‐rich crusts. The study provides a promising scheme for the recovery of various valuable metals from deep‐sea cobalt‐rich crusts or manganese nodules.
Poly‐γ‐glutamic acid overproduction of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a by developing a novel optimum culture medium and glutamate pulse feeding using different experimental design approaches
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Kouchesfahani Mehrdad , Bahrami Ali , Babaeipour Valiollah
Published: January 2024

The commercial production of multifunctional, biocompatible, and biodegradable biopolymers such as poly‐γ‐glutamic acid via microbial fermentation requires the development of simple and cheap methods for mass production. This study optimized the poly‐γ‐glutamic acid production of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a in several steps. At first, the most critical components of the culture medium, including l‐glutamic acid, citric acid, and glycerol, were selected by screening nine factors through the Plackett–Burman experimental design and then were optimized using the response surface method and the central composite design algorithm. Under optimal conditions, the production of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid increased by more than 4.2 times from 11.2 to 47.2 g/L. This is one of the highest production rates of this strain in submerged batch fermentation reported so far using the optimized medium compared to the conventional base medium. A novel and efficient sudden pulse feeding strategy (achieved by a novel one‐factorial statistical technique) of l‐glutamic acid to the optimized medium increased biopolymer production from 47.2 to 66.1 g/L, the highest value reported in published literature with this strain. This simple, reproducible, and cheap fermentation process can considerably enhance the commercial applications of the poly‐γ‐glutamic acid synthesized by B. licheniformis ATCC 9945a.
Synthesis, photophysical properties, anticancer evaluation, and molecular docking studies of new pyrimidine linked 4‐arylidene‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones as potent anticancer agents
Authors: Jame Rasha
Published: January 2024

The reaction of 4‐(chloroacetamido)pyrimidine (1) with ammonium thiocyanate gave 2‐(pyrimidin‐4‐ylimino)thiazolidin‐4‐one (2), which, when condensed with four substituted benzaldehyde analogues, gave the consequent 5‐arylidine‐2‐(pyrimidin‐4‐ylimino)thiazolidin‐4‐ones 3a–d. In addition, the absorbance and fluorescence behaviours of pyrimidinylimino‐thiazolidin‐4‐one hybrids 3a–d in various organic solvents were investigated. The emphasis was on studying UV absorption capacities and the effect of various structural components on photophysical qualities such as the 5‐arylidene‐2‐(pyrimidin‐4‐ylimino)thiazolidin‐4‐ones and N,N‐dimethylamino tail. The cytotoxic effect of four pyrimidinylimino‐thiazolidin‐4‐one hybrids 3a–d on tumour cell lines (HepG2, HCT‐116, PC3, MCF‐7) and a normal cell line (WI38) is investigated in this work. The cytotoxicity was measured by comparing the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) to the reference medication, 5‐fluorouracil. The findings indicate that these hybrid compounds had varying cytotoxic effects on the cell lines examined; hybrids 3b and 3c demonstrated significant anticancer activity against MCF‐7 with IC50 values of 7.53 ± 0.43 and 9.17 ± 0.31 μM, respectively. The inhibitory efficacy of various synthesized hybrids on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase was investigated. EGFR is a crucial target in cancer treatment because inhibiting it may reduce tumour development and proliferation. The IC50 value was used to calculate the inhibitory activity, which is the concentration of inhibitor necessary to induce half‐maximal inhibition of EGFR kinase activity. In addition, the predicted ADME results show that pyrimidinylimino‐thiazolidin‐4‐one hybrids have good pharmacokinetic properties; hybrid 3d is more lipophilic than the other compounds. It has a medium molecular weight, a small number of hydrogen bond acceptors and donors, and a large number of aromatic heavy atoms. Moreover, molecular docking simulations revealed precise information on the interactions of pyrimidinylimino‐thiazolidin‐4‐one hybrids 3a–d and 5‐Fu with their respective protein targets. These interactions point to possible pathways for their biological activities and call for more testing to establish their effectiveness as bioactive molecules or therapeutic candidates.
Synthesis and evaluation of larvicidal efficacy against C. pipiens of some new heterocyclic compounds emanated from 2‐cyano‐N′‐(2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetyl)acetohydrazide
Authors: Ismail Mahmoud F. , El‐Sayed Amira A. , Hosni Eslam M. , Hassaballah Aya I.
Published: January 2024

Several infectious diseases are transmitted and spread by mosquitoes, and millions of people die annually from them. The mosquito, Culex pipiens is a responsible for the emergence of various Virus in Egypt. So, we devote our work to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy against C. pipiens of some new heterocyclic compounds containing chlorine motifs. The implementation was emanated from using 2‐cyano‐N′‐(2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetyl)acetohydrazide (3) as scaffold to synthesize some new heterocyclic compounds. The structures of the synthesized compounds were interpreted scrupulously by spectroscopic and elemental analyses. Thereafter, the larvicidal activity against C. pipiens of thirteen synthesized compounds was estimated. Noteworthy, cyanoacetohydrazide derivative 3 and 3‐iminobenzochromene derivative 12 showed a fabulous potent efficacy with LC50 equal to 3.2 and 3.5 ppm against C. pipiens, respectively, and are worth being further evaluated in the field of pest control.
Denitrification Technology and The Catalysts: A Review and Recent Advances
Authors: Liu Yueli , Zhang Wenyuan , Chen Wen
Published: January 2024

With the acceleration of industrialization and the increasing prominence of environmental pollution problems, the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the atmosphere has become a global concern. These emissions are not only hazardous to human health, but also one of the main factors leading to acid rain, photochemical smog and global climate change. Therefore, the development and implementation of efficient denitrification technologies are an important issue for environmental protection. The present review focuses on the research progress of the denitrification technology in the recent years, including the traditional denitrification methods and common technologies. At the same time, the advantages, limitations and application prospects of each method are analyzed. The mechanisms, influencing factors, advantages and disadvantages of the denitrification catalysts are also discussed. In addition, the future research trends and potential challenges of denitrification technology are discussed. It is expected that this review will provide useful references for promoting the development and application of denitrification technology, which may help researchers to choose high‐performance and cost‐effective methods.
Unraveling the Impact of Curvature on Electrocatalytic Performance of Carbon Materials: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: Wen Hui , Zhao Zhiyong , Luo Zhiming , Wang Congwei
Published: January 2024

Curvature of carbon materials has gained significant attention as catalysts due to their distinctive properties and potential applications. This review comprehensively summarizes how the bending of carbon materials can improve electrocatalytic performance, with special attention to the applications of various bent carbon materials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene) in electrocatalysts and a large number of related density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations. Extensive mechanism research has provided a wealth of evidence indicating that the curvature of carbon materials has a profound impact on catalytic activity. This improvement in catalytic performance by curved carbon materials is attributed to factors like a larger active surface area, modulation of electronic structure, and better dispersal of catalytic active sites. A comprehensive understanding and utilization of these effects enable the design of highly efficient carbon‐based catalysts for applications in energy conversion, environmental remediation, and chemical synthesis.
Mechanism and kinetics study on waste acid leaching from copper smelting dust
Authors: Cai Weisong , Yu Xiaohua , Lin Yan , Shen Qingfeng , Zhu Yiming , Dai Hongkun
Published: January 2024

Copper smelters generate large amounts of copper smelting dust (CSD) that has a high recycling value because it contains about 20% copper. Waste acid can be used to leach CSD. Here, the effects of different temperatures, times and liquid–solid ratios on copper, iron and arsenic leaching rates were investigated. The optimal conditions were determined to be a temperature of 95°C, leaching time of 3 h, and liquid–solid ratio of 7:1. Under these condition, the leaching rate of copper reached 96.37%, and the copper ion concentration was 32.71 g/L. The leaching kinetics date revealed that the leaching of copper and iron was controlled by two different reaction models. The leaching of copper conformed to the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) model and was diffusion controlled, and the reaction was rapid in the first 60 min. In contrast, leaching of iron was controlled by a chemical reaction. Copper and iron activation energies were 2.579 and 62.791 kJ/mol, respectively. These results show that CSD waste acid is can be used to dispose of arsenic‐containing hazardous waste in a green, sustainable, and ecologically method.
Aeromonas hydrophila orbital cellulitis as post cesarean sepsis—An unthinkable eye opener
Authors: Singh Anuradha , Aggarwal Kiran , Lal Prabha , Kumar Mansi , G. S. Triveni
Published: January 2024

Synopsis

Peripartum orbital cellulitis and pan ophthalmitis are rare complications. Here we report one such case and the need for aggressive management of postpartum infections especially post cesarean.
Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational Lyme disease
Authors: Courville Julien M. , Czuzoj‐Shulman Nicholas , Spence Andrea R. , Abenhaim Haim A.
Published: January 2024

Objective

The incidence of Lyme disease (LD) infections has risen in recent decades. Gestational LD has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, the results have been contradictory. The study objective was to examine the effects of gestational LD on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Methods

Using the Healthcare Cost & Utilization Project National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample from the United States, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients admitted to the hospital between 2016 and 2019. The exposed group consisted of pregnant patients with gestational LD infection (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD‐10] code A692x), while the comparison group consisted of pregnant patients without gestational LD. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for baseline maternal characteristics, were used to determine the associations between gestational LD and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Results

The cohort included 2 943 575 women, 226 of whom were diagnosed with LD during pregnancy. The incidence of LD was 7.67 per 100 000 pregnancy admissions. The incidence of gestational LD was stable over the study period. Pregnant patients with LD were more likely white, older, to have private health insurance, and to belong to a higher income quartile. Gestational LD was associated with an increased risk of placental abruption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.45 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.53–7.80]) and preterm birth (aOR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.03–2.42]).

Conclusion

Gestational LD is associated with a higher risk of placental abruption and preterm birth. Pregnancies complicated by LD, while associated with a higher risk of certain adverse outcomes, can be followed in most healthcare settings.
Clinical application of 99mTc‐labeled peptides for tumor imaging: Current status and future directions
Authors: Shi Jiyun , Liu Shuang
Published: January 2024

Targeting receptors overexpressed on cancer cells with radiolabeled peptides has become a crucial aspect of molecular imaging in oncology. Small peptides offer favorable characteristics for tumor targeting with minimal side effects and toxicity owing to their small size and simple radiolabeling protocols. Among them, somatostatin analogs have received regulatory approval for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Cyclic RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp) peptides, bombesin analogs, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogs are currently under development and/or undergoing clinical trials. The most used radionuclides for tumor imaging include 99mTc and 111In for single‐photon emission computed tomography, 68Ga and 18F for positron emission tomography. This review highlights the clinical potential and future prospects of 99mTc‐labeled peptides for tumor imaging.
Improving network data security interaction methods under wireless communication
Authors: Geng Jiali
Published: January 2024

With the development of information technology, network data security issues have received widespread attention. Under traditional wired communication networks, it not only has high installation and maintenance costs, requires a lot of manpower and resources, but also has low security performance, which is not significant in improving network data security. How to improve network data security, prevent data from being maliciously leaked, stolen, and effectively transmitted in the network, is a major challenge facing today's society. Wireless communication technology has brought new ideas to improve network data security. This article analyzed the role of wireless communication technology in improving network data security and selected 30 enterprises as the research objects. This article studied the role of traditional wired communication technology and wireless communication technology in network data security protection and compared several indicators based on virus detection rate, defense rate, data transmission speed, and customer satisfaction. The experimental results showed that the average detection rate of Trojan viruses based on wireless communication technology was 80.8%, and the average defense rate against viruses using antivirus software was 58%. In the case of virus attacks, the average transmission speed was 2.4 s, and the average satisfaction of users with wireless communication technology in virus defense was 6.9. It indicates that wireless communication technology has significantly improved virus detection rate, defense rate, data transmission speed, and customer satisfaction in the mode of improving network data security. This technology has significant significance and value for users.
MRASin coronary artery disease—Unchartered territory
Authors: Shah Pashmina Wiqar , Reinberger Tobias , Hashmi Satwat , Aherrahrou Zouhair , Erdmann Jeanette
Published: January 2024

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility locus on chromosome 3q22.3. This locus contains a cluster of several genes that includes muscle rat sarcoma virus (MRAS). CommonMRASvariants are also associated with CAD causing risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and type II diabetes. TheMRASgene is an oncogene that encodes a membrane‐bound small GTPase. It is involved in a variety of signaling pathways, regulating cell differentiation and cell survival (mitogen‐activated protein kinase [MAPK]/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase) as well as acute phase response signaling (tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and interleukin 6 [IL6] signaling). In this review, we will summarize the role of geneticMRASvariants in the etiology of CAD and its comorbidities with the focus on tissue distribution ofMRASisoforms, cell type/tissue specificity, and mode of action of single nucleotide variants inMRASassociated complex traits. Finally, we postulate that CAD risk variants in theMRASlocus are specific to smooth muscle cells and lead to higher levels ofMRAS, particularly in arterial and cardiac tissue, resulting in MAPK‐dependent tissue hypertrophy or hyperplasia.
Study of ischemic progression in different intestinal tissue layers during acute intestinal ischemia using swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhang Mingshuo , Man Hongbo , Wu Chunnan , Wang Yimin , Kong Linghui , Liu Jian
Published: January 2024

In acute intestinal ischemia, the progression of ischemia varies across different layers of intestinal tissue. We established a mouse model and used swept‐source optical coherence tomography (OCT) to observe the intestinal ischemic process longitudinally in different tissue layers. Employing a method that combines asymmetric gradient filtering with adaptive weighting, we eliminated the vessel trailing phenomenon in OCT angiograms, reducing the confounding effects of superficial vessels on the imaging of deeper vasculature. We quantitatively assessed changes in vascular perfusion density (VPD), vessel length, and vessel average diameter across various intestinal layers. Our results showed a significant reduction in VPD in all layers during ischemia. The mucosa layer experienced the most significant impact, primarily due to disrupted capillary blood flow, followed by the submucosa layer, where vascular constriction or decreased velocity was the primary factor.
Advancements in 3D‐printed artificial tendon
Authors: Alhaskawi Ahmad , Zhou Haiying , Dong Yanzhao , Zou Xiaodi , Ezzi Sohaib Hasan Abdullah , Kota Vishnu Goutham , Abdulla Mohamed Hasan Abdulla , Tu Tian , Alenikova Olga , Abdalbary Sahar , Lu Hui
Published: January 2024

Millions of people have been reported with tendon injuries each year. Unfortunately, Tendon injuries are increasing rapidly due to heavy exercise and a highly aging population. In addition, the introduction of 3D‐printing technology in the area of tendon repair and replacement has resolved numerous issues and significantly improved the quality of artificial tendons. This advancement has also enabled us to explore and identify the most effective combinations of biomaterials that can be utilized in this field. This review discusses the recent development of the 3D‐printed artificial tendon; where recently, some research investigated the most suitable pore sizes, diameter, and strength for scaffolds to have high tendon cells ingrowth and proliferation, giving a better understanding of the effects of densities and structure patterns on tendon's mechanical properties. In addition, it presents the divergence between 3D‐printed tendons and other tissue and how the different 3D‐printing techniques and models participated in this development.
Rethinking social assistance amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: Guaranteeing the right to income security in Ecuador
Authors: Jara H. Xavier , Palacio Ludeña María Gabriela
Published: January 2024

In the face of increased uncertainty and a slow economic recovery, it is crucial to protect populations from the effects of systemic crises beyond the narrow goal of poverty reduction. In Ecuador, social assistance programs had little effect in reducing earnings losses caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, leading to a renewed discussion on the implementation of a universal basic income (UBI). This study evaluates the potential impact of social assistance reforms using tax‐benefit microsimulation techniques. Four simulated counterfactual reforms are assessed, ranging from an extension of current social assistance programs to the implementation of UBI, which would replace existing programs and be partially funded through progressive personal income tax and social security contributions. Our findings demonstrate that poverty and inequality would decrease significantly under the more generous UBI scenarios. This research contributes to the ongoing debate on the potential benefits of UBI in reducing poverty and inequality and emphasizes the importance of considering alternative social assistance reforms in the face of growing systemic challenges.
Using Porter's Five Forces analysis to drive strategy
Authors: Pangarkar Nitin , Prabhudesai Rohit
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to provide practical pointers to scholars, students, and practitioners about applying Porter's Five Forces analysis, a longstanding, comprehensive, and practical framework in strategic analysis. The paper combines two methodologies: a review of prior studies and the inductive methodology. The latter involved drawing on examples from different industries and contexts, specifically the Indian passenger car industry. The elaboration of the subtleties and contextual factors and identification of specific pointers in this paper will help managers understand the critical aspects of their environments and formulate an appropriate strategy for their context.
Spectroscopic assessment of biomolecular changes inHelicobacter pyloriand Epstein–Barr virus co‐infected gastric epithelial cells
Authors: Kashyap Dharmendra , Tanwar Manushree , Rani Chanchal , Bagde Pranit Hemant , Singh Siddharth , Varshney Nidhi , Saini Vaishali , Mishra Amit , Kumar Rajesh , Jha Hem Chandra
Published: January 2024

Helicobacter pyloriand Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) are Group 1 carcinogens that can enhance gastric cancer progression. Bioactive substances extracted from plants can be effective therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. For example,Withania somniferaextract‐WSE reduces the Gankyrin oncoprotein, which is upregulated in the presence ofH. pyloriand EBV. The various biochemical and metabolic changes upon 24 hrs post‐infection followed byW. somniferaextract (WSE) treatment on gastric epithelial cells (AGS) can be studied using spectroscopic techniques. In the biomedical sciences, Raman and NMR spectroscopy have been extensively employed to interpret cellular alterations contributing to the onset of infection and the severity of gastric cancer. More specifically, alterations in cellular biochemical homeostasis are linked to the moieties of cholesterol, collagen, choline, carbohydrate, lipids, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Further, we have found significantly elevated FWHM for carbohydrates, tumor associated protein, collagen, cholesterol, and cholesterol ester in the co‐infection model. We also looked into the potential correlation between these molecules using molecular network analysis and found several related factors that can be modulated through biomolecular levels. These molecules are crucial in several physiological functions, including cell division, cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, cell migration, and lipid transport. Our study paves the pathway to studyH. pyloriand EBV co‐infection in human gastric epithelial cells and the therapeutic interventions of WSE in this scenario and highlights specific biomolecular alterations, which can be focused for further mechanistic investigations.
Third‐generation sequencing identified two rare α‐chain variants leading to hemoglobin variants in Chinese population
Authors: Zhuang Jianlong , Jiang Yuying , Chen Yu'e , Mao Aiping , Chen Junwei , Chen Chunnuan
Published: January 2024

Background

Rare and novel variants of HBA1/2 and HBB genes resulting in thalassemia and hemoglobin (Hb) variants have been increasingly identified. Our goal was to identify two rare Hb variants in Chinese population using third‐generation sequencing (TGS) technology.

Methods

Enrolled in this study were two Chinese families from Fujian Province. Hematological screening was conducted using routine blood analysis and Hb capillary electrophoresis analysis. Routine thalassemia gene testing was carried out to detect the common mutations of α‐ and β‐thalassemia in Chinese population. Rare or novel α‐ and β‐globin gene variants were further investigated by TGS.

Results

The proband of family 1 was a female aged 32, with decreased levels of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Hb A2, and abnormal Hb bands in zone 5 and zone 12. No common thalassemia mutations were detected by routine thalassemia analysis, while a rare α‐globin gene variant Hb Jilin [α139(HC1)Lys>Gln (AAA>CAA); HBA2:c.418A>C] was identified by TGS. Subsequent pedigree analysis showed that the proband's son also harbored the Hb Jilin variant with slightly low levels of MCH, Hb A2, and abnormal Hb bands. The proband of family 2 was a male at 41 years of age, exhibiting normal MCV and MCH, but a low level of Hb A2 and an abnormal Hb band in zone 12 without any common α‐ and β‐thalassemia mutations. The subsequent TGS detection demonstrated a rare Hb Beijing [α16(A14)Lys>Asn (AAG>AAT); HBA2:c.51G>T] variant in HBA2 gene.

Conclusion

In this study, for the first time, we present two rare Hb variants of Hb Jilin and Hb Beijing in Fujian Province, Southeast China, using TGS technology.
Nonlocal τ(m)‐Laplacian‐like problem with logarithmic nonlinearity and without Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition on compact Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Bouaam Hind , El Ouaarabi Mohamed , Allalou Chakir , Melliani Said
Published: January 2024

By means of variational methods, we study the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial weak solutions for a nonlocal
‐Laplacian‐like problem, arising from a capillarity phenomenon, with logarithmic nonlinearity and without the Ambrosetti–Rabinwitz condition, in the setting of variable exponents of Sobolev spaces in compact Riemannian manifolds.
Element‐free Galerkin method for a fractional‐order boundary value problem
Authors: Rajan Akshay , Desai Shubham , Sidhardh Sai
Published: January 2024

In this article, we develop a meshfree numerical solver for fractional‐order governing differential equations. More specifically, we develop a mesh‐free interpolation‐based element‐free Galerkin numerical model for the fractional‐order governing differential equations. The proposed fractional element‐free Garlekin (f‐EFG) numerical model is a lighter and more accurate alternative to existing mesh‐based finite element solvers for the fractional‐order governing differential equations. We demonstrate here that the f‐EFG with moving least squares (MLS) interpolants are naturally suitable for the approximation of fractional‐order derivatives in terms of the corresponding nodal values, thereby alleviating several issues with FE solvers for such integro‐differential governing equations. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed numerical model for numerical solutions with benchmark problems on the linear and nonlinear elastic response of nonlocal elastic solid modeled via fractional‐order governing differential equations. However, it must be noted that the proposed f‐EFG algorithm can be extended to fractional‐order governing differential equations in diverse applications, including multiscale and multiphysics studies.
Coverage and determinants of infant postnatal care in Nigeria: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Egbewale Bolaji Emmanuel , Oyedeji Olusola , Bump Jesse , Sudfeld Christopher Robert
Published: January 2024

Importance

In 2019, Nigeria had the largest number of under‐5 child deaths globally and many of these deaths occurred within the first week of life. The World Health Organization recommends infant postnatal care (PNC) attendance to support newborn survival; however, utilization of PNC is known to be low in many contexts.

Objective

This study examined coverage and individual‐level determinants of infant PNC attendance in Nigeria.

Methods

Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2018 data were used to evaluate infant PNC coverage and determinants. Infant PNC was defined as receipt of care within 2 days of birth. Children delivered up to 2 years before the 2018 NDHS were included. We examined predictors of infant PNC with modified Poisson regression models to estimate relative risks (RRs).

Results

The national coverage of infant PNC was 37.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.8%–38.7%). Significant heterogeneity in PNC attendance existed at state and regional levels. Facility delivery was strongly associated with the uptake of PNC (RR: 6.07; 95% CI: 5.60–6.58). Greater maternal education, maternal employment, urban residence, female head of household, and greater wealth were also associated with an increased likelihood of PNC visits.

Interpretation

The uptake of infant PNC is low and interventions are urgently needed to promote equity in access and increase demand for PNC in Nigeria.