bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entropy Based River Discharge Estimation Using One‐Point Velocity Measurement at 0.6D
Authors: Vyas Jitendra Kr , Perumal Muthiah , Moramarco Tommaso
Published: July 2021

Entropy theory applied to hydrometric measurements enables establishing a relationship between the maximum and the mean velocities of flow passing a river section. In many developing countries, river discharge is still estimated by the velocity‐area method following the procedure established based on the point‐velocities measured at 0.6D depth from the water surface of many verticals of flow section. This study explores the establishment of a relationship between the maximum point‐velocity estimated at 0.6D depth of the vertical located at or nearer to the deepest flow depth, and the maximum point‐velocity occurring somewhere along the same vertical which in turn can be linked to the sectional mean flow velocity based on the established entropy theory. The appropriateness of the proposed two‐steps based approach of discharge estimation is first verified on the Tiber River and the Po River of Italy. The study finds that the values of the maximum point‐velocity estimated using the proposed approach closely matches with the recorded maximum flow velocity values along the same flow‐depths. After this verification, the proposed method was applied for discharge estimation at two Indian river gauging stations, where only the point‐velocity measurements at 0.6D depth locations of the verticals are recorded. The study finds that the discharges estimated by both the proposed approach and the velocity‐area method closely match with each other with the estimated Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values greater than 0.99. Thus the proposed two‐steps approach involving the entropy concept based relationship for discharge estimation enables to replace the tedious and time‐consuming velocity‐area approach.
Hydrogeological Models of Water Flow and Pollutant Transport in Karstic and Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Masciopinto Costantino , Passarella Giuseppe , Caputo Maria C. , Masciale Rita , De Carlo Lorenzo
Published: July 2021

In a literature review of the recent advancements in mathematical hydrologic models applied in fractured karstic formations, we highlight the necessary improvements in the fluid dynamic equations that are commonly applied to the flow in a discrete fracture network (DFN) via channel network models. Fluid flow and pollutant transport modeling in karst aquifers should consider the simultaneous occurrence of laminar, nonlaminar, and turbulent fluxes in the fractures rather than the laminar flow by the cubic law that has been widely applied in the scientific literature. Some simulations show overestimations up to 75% of the groundwater velocity when non‐laminar flows are neglected. Moreover, further model development is needed to address the issues of tortuosity of preferential saturated fluid flow in fractures suggesting adjustments of the size of the mean aperture in DFN models. During the past decade, DFN mathematical models have been significantly developed aimed at relating the three‐dimensional structure of interconnected fractures within rocky systems to the specific fracture properties measurable on the rock outcrops with the use of reliefs, tracer/pumping tests, and geotechnical field surveys. The capabilities and limitations of previous reported hydrological models together with specific research advancements and findings in modeling equations are described herein. New software is needed for creating three‐dimensional contour maps in fractured aquifers corresponding to the outputs of particle tracking simulations. Existing software based on the equivalent continuum or multiple‐interacting continua cannot delineate the spread of pollutant migrations affected by the tortuous preferential flow pathways that occur in DFNs.
Trophoblast glycoprotein is a marker for efficient sorting of ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic precursors derived from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yoo Jeong-Eun , Lee Dongjin R. , Park Sanghyun , Shin Hye-Rim , Lee Kun Gu , Kim Dae-Sung , Jo Mi-Young , Eom Jang-Hyeon , Cho Myung Soo , Hwang Dong-Youn , Kim Dong-Wook
Published: July 2021

Successful cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) requires large numbers of homogeneous ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic (vmDA) precursors. Enrichment of vmDA precursors via cell sorting is required to ensure high safety and efficacy of the cell therapy. Here, using LMX1A-eGFP knock-in reporter human embryonic stem cells, we discovered a novel surface antigen, trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), which was preferentially expressed in vmDA precursors. TPBG-targeted cell sorting enriched FOXA2+LMX1A+ vmDA precursors and helped attain efficient behavioral recovery of rodent PD models with increased numbers of TH+, NURR1+, and PITX3+ vmDA neurons in the grafts. Additionally, fewer proliferating cells were detected in TPBG+ cell-derived grafts than in TPBG− cell-derived grafts. Our approach is an efficient way to obtain enriched bona fide vmDA precursors, which could open a new avenue for effective PD treatment.
3D cyclorama for digital unrolling and visualisation of deformed tubes
Authors: Rossides Charalambos , Pender Sylvia L. F. , Schneider Philipp
Published: July 2021

Colonic crypts are tubular glands that multiply through a symmetric branching process called crypt fission. During the early stages of colorectal cancer, the normal fission process is disturbed, leading to asymmetrical branching or budding. The challenging shapes of the budding crypts make it difficult to prepare paraffin sections for conventional histology, resulting in colonic cross sections with crypts that are only partially visible. To study crypt budding in situ and in three dimensions (3D), we employ X-ray micro-computed tomography to image intact colons, and a new method we developed (3D cyclorama) to digitally unroll them. Here, we present, verify and validate our ‘3D cyclorama’ method that digitally unrolls deformed tubes of non-uniform thickness. It employs principles from electrostatics to reform the tube into a series of onion-like surfaces, which are mapped onto planar panoramic views. This enables the study of features extending over several layers of the tube’s depth, demonstrated here by two case studies: (i) microvilli in the human placenta and (ii) 3D-printed adhesive films for drug delivery. Our 3D cyclorama method can provide novel insights into a wide spectrum of applications where digital unrolling or flattening is necessary, including long bones, teeth roots and ancient scrolls.
Efficient-CapsNet: capsule network with self-attention routing
Authors: Mazzia Vittorio , Salvetti Francesco , Chiaberge Marcello
Published: July 2021

Deep convolutional neural networks, assisted by architectural design strategies, make extensive use of data augmentation techniques and layers with a high number of feature maps to embed object transformations. That is highly inefficient and for large datasets implies a massive redundancy of features detectors. Even though capsules networks are still in their infancy, they constitute a promising solution to extend current convolutional networks and endow artificial visual perception with a process to encode more efficiently all feature affine transformations. Indeed, a properly working capsule network should theoretically achieve higher results with a considerably lower number of parameters count due to intrinsic capability to generalize to novel viewpoints. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to this relevant aspect. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of capsule networks and, pushing their capacity to the limits with an extreme architecture with barely 160 K parameters, we prove that the proposed architecture is still able to achieve state-of-the-art results on three different datasets with only 2% of the original CapsNet parameters. Moreover, we replace dynamic routing with a novel non-iterative, highly parallelizable routing algorithm that can easily cope with a reduced number of capsules. Extensive experimentation with other capsule implementations has proved the effectiveness of our methodology and the capability of capsule networks to efficiently embed visual representations more prone to generalization.
Comparison of an oblique single cut rotation osteotomy with a novel 3D computer-assisted oblique double cut alignment approach
Authors: Dobbe Johannes G. G. , Kloen Peter , Strackee Simon D. , Streekstra Geert J.
Published: July 2021

An oblique double-cut rotation osteotomy (ODCRO) enables correcting a complex bone deformation by aligning, in 3D, the distal, middle and proximal bone segments with a target bone, without intersegmental gaps. We propose virtual preoperative planning of an ODCRO. To minimize a residual translation error, we use an optimization algorithm and optimize towards bone length, alignment in the transverse direction, or a balanced reconstruction. We compare the residual alignment error with an oblique single-cut rotation osteotomy using 15 complex bone deformations. The single-cut approach was not feasible in 5 cases, whereas the ODCRO procedure was feasible in all cases. The residual alignment error was smaller for the ODCRO than for the single-cut approach except for one case. In a subset for length reconstruction, the length error of 7.3–21.3 mm was restored to 0.0 mm in 4 of 5 cases, although at the cost of an increased transverse translation. The proposed method renders planning an ODCRO feasible and helps restoring bone alignment and lengthening better than an oblique single-cut rotation osteotomy. Awareness of the challenges and possibilities in preoperative planning of an ODCRO will be of value for future alignment surgery and for patients.
Fluoxetine increases brain MeCP2 immuno-positive cells in a female Mecp2 heterozygous mouse model of Rett syndrome through endogenous serotonin
Authors: Villani Claudia , Carli Mirjana , Castaldo Anna Maria , Sacchetti Giuseppina , Invernizzi Roberto William
Published: July 2021

Motor skill deficit is a common and invalidating symptom of Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare disease almost exclusively affecting girls during the first/second year of life. Loss-of-function mutations of the methyl-CpG-binding protein2 (MECP2; Mecp2 in rodents) gene is the cause in most patients. We recently found that fluoxetine, a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor and antidepressant drug, fully rescued motor coordination deficits in Mecp2 heterozygous (Mecp2 HET) mice acting through brain 5-HT. Here, we asked whether fluoxetine could increase MeCP2 expression in the brain of Mecp2 HET mice, under the same schedule of treatment improving motor coordination. Fluoxetine increased the number of MeCP2 immuno-positive (MeCP2+) cells in the prefrontal cortex, M1 and M2 motor cortices, and in dorsal, ventral and lateral striatum. Fluoxetine had no effect in the CA3 region of the hippocampus or in any of the brain regions of WT mice. Inhibition of 5-HT synthesis abolished the fluoxetine-induced rise of MeCP2+ cells. These findings suggest that boosting 5-HT transmission is sufficient to enhance the expression of MeCP2 in several brain regions of Mecp2 HET mice. Fluoxetine-induced rise of MeCP2 could potentially rescue motor coordination and other deficits of RTT.
Association between heavy metals, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein and 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among adult Korean population
Authors: Nguyen Hai Duc , Oh Hojin , Hoang Ngoc Hong Minh , Kim Min-Sun
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Korea tends to be increasing. It has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing evidence shows heavy metals are associated with increased CVD risk. We aimed to determine the association between the serum heavy metal levels and 10-year risk of CVDs and to predict risks of CVDs based on marginal effects. Heavy metals were measured by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct mercury analyzer. The results show a significant relationship between the increase in cadmium, lead, mercury, hs-CRP levels and the 10-year risk of CVD after adjustment for serum cotinine, age group, sex, body mass index, a family history of CVDs, diabetes or hyperlipidemia, high-risk drinking, physical activity, and diabetes. A doubling of serum cadmium, lead, mercury, and hs-CRP was associated with the increase in the 10-year risk of CVD by 0.14%, 0.10%, 0.11% and 0.22%, respectively. Therefore, a special concern should be given to the harmful impacts of heavy metals on the 10-year risk of CVD. It is important to develop a prevention strategy targeting the high-risk population to slow down this progression to risk factors related to heavy metals and reduce prevalence. Remarkedly, hs-CRP is the most validated and widely used inflammatory marker, and could be a potential clinical value in predicting and monitoring CVDs.
Low pan-immune-inflammation-value predicts better chemotherapy response and survival in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Şahin Ahmet Bilgehan , Cubukcu Erdem , Ocak Birol , Deligonul Adem , Oyucu Orhan Sibel , Tolunay Sahsine , Gokgoz Mustafa Sehsuvar , Cetintas Sibel , Yarbas Gorkem , Senol Kazım , Goktug Mehmet Refik , Yanasma Zeki Burak , Hasanzade Ulviyya , Evrensel Turkkan
Published: July 2021

Blood-based biomarkers reflect systemic inflammation status and have prognostic and predictive value in solid malignancies. As a recently defined biomarker, Pan-Immune-Inflammation-Value (PIV) integrates different peripheral blood cell subpopulations. This retrospective study of collected data aimed to assess whether PIV may predict the pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in Turkish women with breast cancer. The study consisted of 743 patients with breast cancer who were scheduled to undergo NAC before attempting cytoreductive surgery. A pre-treatment complete blood count was obtained in the two weeks preceding NAC, and blood-based biomarkers were calculated from absolute counts of relevant cell populations. The pCR was defined as the absence of tumor cells in both the mastectomy specimen and lymph nodes. Secondary outcome measures included disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). One hundred seven patients (14.4%) had pCR. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, optimal cut-off values for the neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), PIV, and Ki-67 index were determined as ≥ 2.34, ≥ 0.22, ≥ 131.8, ≥ 306.4, and  ≥ 27, respectively. The clinical tumor (T) stage, NLR, MLR, PLR, PIV, estrogen receptor (ER) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status, and Ki-67 index were significantly associated with NAC response in univariate analyses. However, multivariate analysis revealed that the clinical T stage, PIV, ER status, HER-2 status, and Ki-67 index were independent predictors for pCR. Moreover, the low PIV group patients had significantly better DFS and OS than those in the high PIV group (p = 0.034, p = 0.028, respectively). Based on our results, pre-treatment PIV seems as a predictor for pCR and survival, outperforming NLR, MLR, PLR in predicting pCR in Turkish women with breast cancer who received NAC. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Enhanced sunlight photocatalytic activity and biosafety of marine-driven synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Safat Somayeh , Buazar Foad , Albukhaty Salim , Matroodi Soheila
Published: July 2021

This contribution presents the biosynthesis, physiochemical properties, toxicity and photocatalytic activity of biogenic CeO2NPs using, for the first time, marine oyster extract as an effective and rich source of bioreducing and capping/stabilizing agents in a one-pot recipe. CeO2NPs formation was initially confirmed through the color change from light green to pale yellow and subsequently, their corresponding absorption peak was spectroscopically determined at 310 nm with an optical band-gap of 4.67 eV using the DR-UV technique. Further, XRD and Raman analyses indicated that nanoceria possessed face-centered cubic arrangements without any impurities, having an average crystallite size of 10 nm. TEM and SEM results revealed that biogenic CeO2NPs was approximately spherical in shape with a median particle size of 15 ± 1 nm. The presence of various bioorganic substances on the surface of nanoparticles was deduced by FTIR and TGA results. It is found that marine-based nanoceria shows no cytotoxic effect on the normal cell, thus indicating their enhanced biocompatibility and biosafety to living organisms. Environmentally, due to energy band gap, visible light-activated CeO2 nanocatalyst revealed superior photocatalytic performance on degradation of methylene blue pollutant with removal rate of 99%. Owing to the simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly nature, this novel marine biosynthetic route paves the way for prospective applications of nanoparticles in various areas.
PERK mediates resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma with impaired PTEN
Authors: Qin Yifei , Zuo Qiang , Huang Lei , Huang Liping , Merlino Glenn , Yu Yanlin
Published: July 2021

Targeting mutant BRAF in patients with melanomas harboring this oncogene has been highly successful as a first-line treatment, but other mutations may affect its efficacy and alter the route of acquired resistance resulting in recurrence and poor prognosis. As an evolving strategy, melanoma treatment needs to be expanded to include targets based on newly discovered emerging molecules and pathways. We here show that PERK plays a critical role in BRAF inhibitor-acquired resistance in melanoma with impaired PTEN. Inhibition of PERK by either shRNA or a pharmacological inhibitor blocked the growth of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma with impaired PTEN in vitro and in vivo, suggesting an effective approach against melanomas with mutant BRAF and PTEN deficiency. Our current findings, along with our previous discovery that the AXL/AKT axis mediates resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma with wild-type PTEN, provide new insights toward a strategy for combating BRAF inhibition-acquired resistance in BRAF mutant melanoma with different PTEN statuses.
Rapid construction of fluorescence quenching-based immunosensor Q-bodies using α-helical coiled-coil peptides
Authors: Yasuda Takanobu , Inoue Akihito , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Ueda Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Here, we report a rapid and efficient method to fabricate Quenchbodies (Q-bodies) that can detect targets with antigen-dependent fluorescence augmentation using a stable coiled-coil peptide pair, E4 and K4 (coiled Q-body, CQ-body).
Unexpectedly rigid short peptide foldamers in which NH–π and CH–π interactions are preserved in solution
Authors: Zhai Luhan , Nara Masayuki , Otani Yuko , Ohwada Tomohiko
Published: July 2021

We found that a group of short peptides with only three amino acids containing a phenylalanine formed highly stable folded structures in solution, wherein CH–π and NH–π main chain–side chain interactions can be clearly observed by NMR and ATR-IR.
Cu(OTf)2 catalyzed Ugi-type reaction of N,O-acetals with isocyanides for the synthesis of pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl 2-carboxamides
Authors: Mao Zhuo-Ya , Nie Xiao-Di , Feng Yi-Man , Si Chang-Mei , Wei Bang-Guo , Lin Guo-Qiang
Published: July 2021

The Cu(OTf)2 catalyzed Ugi-type reactions of N,O-acetals with isocyanides have been described for the synthesis of pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl 2-carboxamides.
Reducing crystal structure overprediction of ibuprofen with large scale molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Francia Nicholas F. , Price Louise S. , Salvalaglio Matteo
Published: July 2021

Reduction of a large dataset of computationally predicted structures of ibuprofen by employing molecular dynamics and biased simulations at finite temperature and pressure.
Enhanced up-conversion emission in Er3+-doped barium–natrium–yttrium–fluoride phosphors by alkali ion introduction under 1550 nm excitation
Authors: Hu Feng , Wan Qian , Lu Liping , Sun Haiying , Zhang Xiyan , Bai Zhaohui , Mi Xiaoyun
Published: July 2021

This figure shows the emission spectra of nanocrystals with different Li+ion introducing concentrations at 1550 nm. Compared with the untreated samples, when the Li+ion introducing concentration is 0.2 mol%, the luminescence intensity of the sample is improved obviously.
An evaluation of solvent effects and ethanol oxidation
Authors: Mei Yuhan , Deskins N. Aaron
Published: July 2021

Understanding liquid–metal interfaces in catalysis is important, as the liquid can speed up surface reactions, increase the selectivity of products, and open up new favorable reaction pathways.
A combined spectroscopic and computational investigation on dispersion-controlled docking of Ar atoms on 2-(2′-pyridyl)benzimidazole
Authors: Khodia Saurabh , Maity Surajit
Published: July 2021

Dispersion-controlled docking preference of inert Ar atom on the face of polycyclic 2-(2′-pyridyl)-benzimidazole (PBI).
Recent advances in the direct construction of enantioenriched stereocenters through addition of radicals to internal alkenes
Authors: Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian
Published: July 2021

This review highlights the recent significant progress in the realm of rapidly and conveniently building enantioenriched stereocenters via addition of radicals to internal alkenes.
Metal-free nanostructured catalysts: sustainable driving forces for organic transformations
Authors: Gholipour Behnam , Shojaei Salman , Rostamnia Sadegh , Naimi-Jamal Mohammad Reza , Kim Dokyoon , Kavetskyy Taras , Nouruzi Nasrin , Jang Ho Won , Varma Rajender S. , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza
Published: July 2021

Research on metal-free heterogeneous catalysts in organic transformations during the past few decades, is summarized.
A nitrogen-doped carbon modified nickel catalyst for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid under mild conditions
Authors: Jiang Liang , Xu Guangyue , Fu Yao
Published: July 2021

A nitrogen-doped carbon modified nickel catalyst was used for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone under ambient hydrogen pressure. The catalyst showed excellent activity in various solvents and could be recycled for at least six runs.
Understanding ion-induced assembly of cellulose nanofibrillar gels through shear-free mixing andin situscanning-SAXS
Authors: Rosén Tomas , Wang Ruifu , He HongRui , Zhan Chengbo , Chodankar Shirish , Hsiao Benjamin S.
Published: July 2021

Usingin situX-ray scattering in a shear-free mixing experiment, the time-resolved ion-induced gel transition of cellulose nanofibrils is studied.
Femtosecond laser-induced spin dynamics in single-layer graphene/CoFeB thin films
Authors: Panda Surya Narayan , Majumder Sudip , Choudhury Samiran , Bhattacharya Arpan , Sinha Sumona , Barman Anjan
Published: July 2021

We present magnetization dynamics in SLG/CoFeB by employing a femtosecond laser-based time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique and establish an inverse relationship between ultrafast demagnetization time and the Gilbert damping parameter.
Electronic modulation and proton transfer by iron and borate co-doping for synergistically triggering the oxygen evolution reaction on a hollow NiO bipyramidal prism
Authors: Yin Xueli , Dai Xiaoping , Nie Fei , Ren Ziteng , Yang Zhaohui , Gan Yonghao , Wu Baoqiang , Cao Yihua , Zhang Xin
Published: July 2021

The porous hollow Fe/Bi-NiO prism shows excellent OER performance due to the borate doping for accelerating the reaction as M–OHads → M–Oads + H, abundant oxygen vacancies and the electronic modulation by Fe doping.
Backbone vs. side-chain: two light-degradable polyurethanes based on 6-nitropiperonal
Authors: Jung Dimitri , Rust Tarik , Völlmecke Katharina , Schoppa Timo , Langer Klaus , Kuckling Dirk
Published: July 2021

Two novel polyurethanes, which are based on 6-nitropiperonal and differ in the implementation of the light-cleavable unit, were synthesized to develop a drug delivery system that only releases cargo upon application of a certain trigger.
Examining students’ quality and perceptions of argumentative and summary writing within a knowledge generation approach to learning in an analytical chemistry course
Authors: Yaman Fatma
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the perceptions and quality of argumentative and summary writing of the Pre-service Science Teachers (PSTs) who participated in a knowledge generation approach to learning, which is known as the SWH approach, and who had had experience with it across different time periods. A total of 41 PSTs were divided into three groups based on their experience with the SWH approach in the courses entitled General Chemistry Laboratory I and II. An embedded single-case study design was employed for this study. The data sources included the PSTs’ argumentative writings, summary writings and semi-structured interviews. The results were analyzed using both statistical and content analysis. The findings showed that the argumentative and summary writing activities were positively correlated with each other and the PSTs in the three groups benefited from these writing activities when implemented in analytical chemistry. However, the quality of the PSTs’ argumentative and summary writings was affected by time. The PSTs who had a shorter time between writing experiences in their chemistry lab and analytical chemistry courses were more successful in both argumentative and summary writing activities in analytical chemistry than the other PSTs. The PSTs in the groups realized that writing tasks were epistemological and reasoning tools that enabled them to understand the topic better and indicated that the writing process was a learning process through which they were able to construct new knowledge. They were aware of the cognitive demands involved in the writing, and realized how this would enhance their future teaching careers and their overall conceptual understanding of analytical chemistry. This study suggests that PSTs should be engaged in argumentative and summary writing activities in knowledge generation environments for both their own learning and future teaching career.
An Error Analysis of Nonword Repetition Performance in Toddlers and Young Children: Theoretical Implications and Clinical Utility
Authors: Harwood Vanessa , Arthur Dana
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Nonword repetition has been cited as a measure of phonological working memory and continues to gain status as a clinical tool used to identify language impairment in school-age children. Less is known about nonword repetition skills in the toddler population.

Method

The current study presents a detailed analysis of errors by segmenting nonwords into word, syllable, and phoneme levels. Errors were also analyzed for type (e.g., addition, substitution, deletion). The Test of Early Nonword Repetition was used to measure performance in a sample of 36 typically developing children, aged 24–48 months. Clinical assessments including parent report, language sampling procedures, and standardized assessments were also administered.

Results

As a group, participants produced significantly more syllable errors compared to word-level errors; however, most errors were made at the phoneme level. Errors of addition were the least common error type, and no differences between substitutions or deletions were present for the entire sample. Toddlers (aged 2 years) produced more syllable-level errors compared to older children (aged 3 years). Substitution errors were positively correlated with performance on clinical measures of language, whereas deletion errors were negatively correlated with performance.

Conclusion

Nonword repetition performance patterns in young children may be associated with language delay or language impairment and have both clinical and theoretical relevance.
Advances in space quantum communications
Authors: Sidhu Jasminder S. , Joshi Siddarth K. , Gündoğan Mustafa , Brougham Thomas , Lowndes David , Mazzarella Luca , Krutzik Markus , Mohapatra Sonali , Dequal Daniele , Vallone Giuseppe , Villoresi Paolo , Ling Alexander , Jennewein Thomas , Mohageg Makan , Rarity John G. , Fuentes Ivette , Pirandola Stefano , Oi Daniel K. L.
Published: July 2021

Concerted efforts are underway to establish an infrastructure for a global quantum Internet to realise a spectrum of quantum technologies. This will enable more precise sensors, secure communications, and faster data processing. Quantum communications are a front‐runner with quantum networks already implemented in several metropolitan areas. A number of recent proposals have modelled the use of space segments to overcome range limitations of purely terrestrial networks. Rapid progress in the design of quantum devices have enabled their deployment in space for in‐orbit demonstrations. We review developments in this emerging area of space‐based quantum technologies and provide a roadmap of key milestones towards a complete, global quantum networked landscape. Small satellites hold increasing promise to provide a cost effective coverage required to realise the quantum Internet. The state of art in small satellite missions is reviewed and the most current in‐field demonstrations of quantum cryptography are collated. The important challenges in space quantum technologies that must be overcome and recent efforts to mitigate their effects are summarised. A perspective on future developments that would improve the performance of space quantum communications is included. The authors conclude with a discussion on fundamental physics experiments that could take advantage of a global, space‐based quantum network.
Model for the long and orbital brightness variability of the β Lyrae type binary OGLE-BLG-ECL-157529
Authors: Mennickent R. E. , Djurašević G.
Published: July 2021

Context. Some close binaries of the β Lyrae type show photometric cycles longer than the orbital one, which are possibly related to changes in their accretion disks.

Aims. We aim to understand the short- and long-scale morphologic changes observed in the light curve of the eclipsing system OGLE-BLG-ECL-157529. In particular, we want to shed light on the contribution of the disk variability to these changes, especially those related to the long cycle, occurring on timescales of hundreds of days.

Methods. We studied I-band Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) photometric times series spanning 18.5 years, constructing disk models by analyzing the orbital light curve at 52 different consecutive epochs. An optimized simplex algorithm was used to solve the inverse problem by adjusting the light curve with the best stellar-orbital-disk parameters for the system. We applied an analysis of principal components to the parameters to evaluate their dependence and variability. We constructed a description of the mass transfer rate in terms of disk parameters.

Results. We find that the overall light variability can be understood in terms of a variable mass transfer rate and variable accretion disk. The system brightness at orbital phase 0.25 follows the long cycle and is correlated with the mass transfer rate and the disk thickness. The long-cycle brightness variations can be understood in terms of differential occultation of the hotter star by a disk of variable thickness. Our model fits the overall light curve during 18.5 years well, including epochs of reversal of main and secondary eclipse depths. The disk radius cyclically change around the tidal radius, decoupled from changes in the mass transfer rate or system brightness, suggesting that viscous delay might explain the non-immediate response. Although the disk is large and fills a large fraction of the hot star Roche lobe, Lindblad resonance regions are far beyond the disk, excluding viscous dissipation as a major source of photometric variability.
A new methodological approach to achieving adaptive coordination in the transport and logistics system of a smart city
Authors: Katochkov Victor , Savin Gleb , Grishina Valeria
Published: July 2021

The paper considers the necessity of developing a new approach to achieving coordinated interactions between economic agents in the framework of the transport and logistics system (TLS) of a smart city; the following reasons being stressed: first, in the context of digitalization in logistics, the current approaches do not fully meet the present and future needs of evolutionary development; secondly, the current theoretical foundations of coordination do not allow to radically change its key indicators and ensure higher rates of economic growth, as well as an improvement in the quality of human life; thirdly, the current trend in the formation of TLS does not allow us to propose a more balanced vector of its development to provide adaptive coordination with the norms and rules of interaction of economic agents now. In spite of a great variety of research approaches, there is a need to propose a new approach to achieve adaptive coordination of flow processes within the framework of evolutionary-institutional economic theory leading to a higher level of interaction and economic growth
Stimulation of lignin synthesis via the PAL-associated metabolic pathway in wheat plants (Tríticum aestívum L.)
Authors: Feduraev Pavel , Pungin Artem , Riabova Anastasiia , Tokupova Elina , Skrypnik Liubov
Published: July 2021

The paper demonstrates an approach to increasing the accumulation of lignin in plants of soft wheat (Tríticum aestívum L.) at the early stages of ontogenesis, by means of substrate stimulation of the key enzyme of the synthesis of phenylpropanoids – phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase. It was shown that plants grown on nutrient media containing phenialanine or tyrosine at a concentration of 500 μM significantly increased the lignin content of cell walls compared to controls.
Sustainable forest management as a basis for economic security
Authors: Butko Galina
Published: July 2021

The paper discusses the prospects for the future of the economy and the possibility of its development within national projects. We focus our attention on the relevance of sustainable territory development and environmental protection. The trend of today is green economy and therefore, green energy and green technologies. Ensuring economic security is considered from the perspective of sustainability. The conclusions made are related to the increase of competitiveness by means of innovative development. Sustainable management of forest ecosystems suggests long-term forest preservation through direct and indirect financing of innovative activities. The directions of stable and sustainable economic development are highlighted, the implementation of the scientific research results and applied developments in the economic turnover being among the most promising ones. A method for constructing an integral index of sustainable forest management by using a group of indicators is proposed. 6 macro-indicators with corresponding micro-indicators reflecting the process of sustainable forest management were taken into account. Individual indicators are interpreted as concurrent ecological and economic, ecological and socio-economic, socio-ecological. It is important to form and evaluate the construction of an aggregated indicator. Attention is focused on the use of innovations that are competitive in the domestic and world markets of forestry products. The methods of innovation management are based on the creation of territorial-industrial forest clusters with the rational use of natural resource potential being taken into account.
Natural resource potential and sustainable development of the regional system
Authors: Sulimin Vladimir , Shvedov Vladislav , Lvova Maya
Published: July 2021

One of the key characteristics of the level of development of a region is the effectiveness of involving the totality of all types of natural resources located on the territory of a subject of the state in the economic turnover and other types of activities of society. The article examines the importance of the totality of natural resources involved in the economic turnover for the stable and progressive development of the territorial unit of the state. The role of research of environmental components used in the course of production to create social material and spiritual benefits in the process of increasing the well-being of the population of the region through the renewal and improvement of the economic sector of the economy is shown.
Methodological approaches to assessing the level of vulnerability of settlements in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kireyeva Anel A. , Nurlanova Nailya K. , Moldabekova Aisulu , Urdabayev Marat , Mussayeva Dinara
Published: July 2021

The aim of the research is to study the factors of development and depression of the territory, the development of a methodological approach to assessing cities and rural settlements of Kazakhstan. The main indicators of selection of localities include population density, industrial production per capita, gross output of agricultural products (services rendered) per capita, retail turnover per capita, nominal income per capita, migration balance, distance up to 50 km from the state border of Kazakhstan. The sample will be formed based on the selected criteria from 88 cities and 6322 rural settlements of Kazakhstan. The developed approach can be applied in further data analysis based on secondary statistical data and conducting an empirical study to collect primary data.
The influence of digitalization on Chinese banks: new financial technologies in a plan economy
Authors: Guliev Igbal A. , Khubaeva Alisa O. , Chernysheva Elena A. , Kolesova Irina V.
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, digitalization has become one of the most significant global development trends. The Chinese banking system, which has only recently been subjected to liberal reforms, is poorly researched in the viewpoint of the digitalization and financial technology impact on it. In this context, it is interesting to identify the main digitalization features in the PRC banking system and to identify this system’s elements which are most susceptible to digitalization influence. The authors set the task to identify how digitalization changes the PRC banking system, in particular, how it affects shadow banking. The major challenges of the article are the high share of the closed data on the Chinese financial sector, the unclarity of the shadow banking activities in the country and their overall negative influence on the economy of PRC and Asian economies and the highly theoretical nature of the digitalization research of banking in the scientific community. The main article’s results consist in that the main differences between digitalization and fintech are determined; it was also proved the Chinese banking system is more adaptable to changing conditions, and the authors suggested the main measures to reduce the shadow banking’ share in China. The main contribution of the article is the revelation of the possible solutions to the problems of shadow banking in China through the use of the new financial instruments of the digital era.
Digitalization and use of artificial intelligence technologies in technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Golubev Ivan Grigorievich
Published: July 2021

The article presents the prospects of digitalization and use of artificial intelligence technologies in the technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). In order to improve the efficiency of agricultural industry, including the productivity and quality of products in such sectors as crop production, livestock, processing of agricultural products, a transition to innovative technologies is required. Their use in agricultural production makes it possible to significantly competitiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Russian Federation. To do this, the technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex, which provides for the renewal of its base with domestic agricultural machinery is required. In modern machines, a large number of electronic systems with various sensors are involved. They allow to control the operation of various units, including the internal combustion engine, transmission, work tools and other mechanisms. The use of such systems makes it possible to reduce the cost of maintenance and use of equipment, to monitor the modes of operation and technical condition of equipment around the clock, to conduct repair and maintenance activities as required. The current global trend is the use of remote machine diagnostics systems. They allow service centers and emergency support to diagnose a vehicle at a distance, reducing downtime. In recent years, there has been a trend towards digital solutions in machine maintenance. 3D technologies are promising for repair of agricultural machinery, including restoration and hardening of parts. They can be used to measure the geometric dimensions and determine the physical and mechanical properties of part faces of agricultural machines during the incoming inspection of spare parts and fault detection of parts, by scanning them. The introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in the repair practice will reduce the duration of repair and maintenance actions during the technical service of agricultural machinery and significantly reduce the cost of their implementation.
The use of case methods in environmental law classes to increase the interest of law students in environmental protection and environmental management
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Nianko Viktoriia , Maksymenko Anatolii , Boryn Galyna , Fedoniuk Tatiana
Published: July 2021

A person is in close contact with the natural environment throughout his life. In the interaction of nature and man, an important role is played by the preservation of ecological balance in the conditions of continuously growing needs of society. Environmental culture has a beneficial effect on the degree of development of the level of legal and environmental awareness in the society, as well as compliance by the members of the society with the requirements of environmental protection legislation. In the conditions of the rule of law, there is a great need for professional lawyers who are able to assist in the environmental and legal education of a person throughout his life. In order to raise the level of environmental and legal culture of the society, in our opinion, a special role should be assigned to professional lawyers, for whom this should be part of their professional activities. Within the framework of this research, we have proposed and implemented a case methodology on the subject of environmental law for law students.
Analysis of the Russian Federation constituent regions’ sustainable development goals achievement
Authors: Smirnov Valeriy , Semenov Vladislav , Zakharova Anna , Zimin Sergei , Bondarenko Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the Russian Federation constituent regions’ sustainable development goals (SDGs) achievement. Identified are the determinant Russian regions, the driving force and the reason for their coherence in achieving sustainable development goals. The study is based on a systematic approach using the method of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis. Results. The study has revealed a contradiction expressed in priority of “SDG 7. Fixed capital investments by areas of investment in terms of “Production of electricity from renewable energy sources, including generated by solar, wind, geothermal power plants, as well as activities to ensure their performance”” line of business and underperformance in terms of “SDG 16. Russia’s position in the rating of the World Bank’s Doing Business project in terms of the “Getting credit” indicator. The work shows priority in relation to “SDG 3. Life expectancy at birth”, which is implemented through national projects. Analysis of the large Russian clusters regional importance identified the Moscow region by “SDG 1. Proportion of the population living below the national poverty line” and “SDG 3. Life expectancy at birth”. The analysis of interregional ties revealed determinant regions, the existence of which is supported by the dynamics of the developing Russian market, which is far behind countries with developing economies.
Online education: creating conditions for students to succeed
Authors: Kovbasyuk Olga , Dolgaya Angelina
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on a key success factor in higher education, which is its management, related to creating conditions for successful education. The notion “successful education” is complicated and it has not been analyzed conceptionally. We argue that successful education is the one which provides students with experience to succeed in life. The models of successful online education should aim at supporting students’ experience rather than at providing admission to the technology itself. Management in higher education, in this case will be built on organization students’ experience which leads to successful education. X culture model has proved to serve this purpose.
Individual Educational Trajectories in Higher Education Institution - Global Challenges for Regions
Authors: Parnikova Galina , Antsupova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The need to introduce individualization of education in the universities of Yakutia is dictated by the need to find optimum solutions for preserving human capital in the northern territories, attracting applicants to regional universities and the labor market’s need for competitive specialists from the local population. The purpose of the study is to develop innovative approaches to the educational process in regional universities in the context of global challenges. Research methods: analysis and processing of data from an array of theoretical sources and educational practice; modeling. Scientific novelty of the research: a personality-oriented model of education at the university has been built, taking into account the regional specifics and factors affecting the formation of individual educational trajectories of students.
Multiple factor model for the assessment of external factors impact on the quality of life of able-bodied people in retirement age
Authors: Khaperskaya Alena , Barysheva Galina , Nedospasova Olga , Pavlova Irina
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the external factors that have an impact on the quality of life of able-bodied people in retirement age. Perspectives of the analysis of the factors and assessment of the effects of socio-economic institutions on labor activity of economically active people in retirement age are proven. As an example, a socio-demographic factor is used as well as physical factors of the environment. The multifactor evaluation model of the impact of socio-demographic factors on the quality of life of able-bodied people in retirement age was developed based on the summary data on subjective assessments of older people’s satisfaction with various aspects of their labor activity.
Russian writers’ aphorisms as a reflection of Russian linguoculture and the basis for the formation of a harmoniously developed personality
Authors: Korolkova Anzhelika , Novikova Tatyana , Razumnaya Anastasia
Published: July 2021

The article deals with aphoristics as a translator of the basic concepts of Russian linguoculture. The history of Russian aphorism reflects the history of the ethnic group, as well as all the changes in the public consciousness, while simultaneously fixing and preserving the same basic values. The researchers conducted a semantic analysis of the corpus of aphorisms recorded in the Dictionary of Aphorisms of Russian Writers.