bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle–Based Acoustic Atmospheric Tomography by Varying the Engine Firing Rate of the Aircraft
Authors: Finn Anthony , Rogers Kevin
Published: January 2016

If the acoustic signature of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is observed as it overflies an array of ground microphones, then the projected and observed Doppler shifts in frequency of the narrowband tones generated by its engine may be compared and converted into effective sound speed values. This allows 2D and 3D spatially varying atmospheric temperature and wind velocity fields to be estimated using tomography. Errors in estimating sound speed values are inversely proportional to the rate of change in the narrowband tones received on the ground. As this rate of change typically approaches zero at least twice per microphone during the UAV’s overflight, errors in the time of flight estimates are typically too large to deliver useful precision to the tomographically derived temperature and wind fields. However, these errors may be reduced by one or two orders of magnitude by continuously varying the engine throttle rate, thereby making the tomographic technique potentially feasible. This is demonstrated through reconstruction of realistic simulated conditions for a weakly sheared daytime convective atmospheric boundary layer.
A Revised Prognostic Cloud Fraction Scheme in a Global Forecasting System
Authors: Park Rae-Seol , Chae Jung-Hyo , Hong Song-You
Published: January 2016

In this study, a revised prognostic cloud fraction scheme for atmospheric models is proposed and its performance is evaluated with a diagnostic cloud fraction scheme. A revision is proposed through a direct linkage between hydrometeors in the cumulus parameterization scheme and the amount of predicted cloud fractions. Cloud fractions that are determined via the prognostic cloud fraction scheme appear to be more realistic than those determined via a diagnostic cloud fraction scheme when both are compared with satellite data. In a medium-range forecast test bed, the biases of large-scale features such as temperature, geopotential height, and mean sea level pressure are moderately reduced when the prognostic cloud fraction scheme is used.
Maximum Wind Gusts Associated with Human-Reported Nonconvective Wind Events and a Comparison to Current Warning Issuance Criteria
Authors: Miller Paul W. , Black Alan W. , Williams Castle A. , Knox John A.
Published: January 2016

Nonconvective high winds are a deceptively hazardous meteorological phenomenon. Though the National Weather Service (NWS) possesses an array of products designed to alert the public to nonconvective wind potential, documentation justifying the choice of issuance thresholds is scarce. Measured wind speeds from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN)-Daily dataset associated with human-reported nonconvective wind events from Storm Data are examined in order to assess the suitability of the current gust criteria for the NWS wind advisory and high wind warning. Nearly 92% (45%) of the nonconvective wind events considered from Storm Data were accompanied by peak gusts beneath the high wind warning (wind advisory) threshold of 58 mi h−1 (25.9 m s−1) [46 mi h−1 (20.6 m s−1)], and greater than 74% (28%) of all fatal and injury-causing events were associated with peak gusts below these same product gust criteria. NWS wind products were disproportionately issued in areas of complex terrain where wind climatologies include a greater frequency of high wind warning threshold-level gusts, irrespective of observed impacts. For many areas of the eastern United States, a 58 mi h−1 (25.9 m s−1) gust of convective, tropical, or nonconvective origin falls within the top 0.5% of all observed daily maximum wind gusts, nearly eliminating the possibility of a nonconvective gust meeting the issuance criterion.
Cardiac Trauma
Authors: Gosavi Sucheta , Tyroch Alan H. , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: January 2016

Cardiac trauma is a leading cause of death in the United States and occurs mostly due to motor vehicle accidents. Blunt cardiac trauma and penetrating chest injuries are most common, and both can lead to aortic injuries. Timely diagnosis and early management are the key to improve mortality. Cardiac computed tomography and cardiac ultrasound are the 2 most important diagnostic modalities. Mortality related to cardiac trauma remains high despite improvement in diagnosis and management.
“Seeing” Hate Crime in the Community: Do Resident Perceptions of Hate Crime Align With Self-Reported Victimization?
Authors: Wickes Rebecca , Sydes Michelle , Benier Kathryn , Higginson Angela
Published: January 2016

Hate crimes undermine tolerance and social inclusion by conveying an “outsider” status of the victim and other group members to the broader community. Yet, limited research considers whether non-victims recognize hate crime incidents when they occur. Using census and survey data for 4,000 residents living in 145 communities, we ask whether local residents “see” hate crime when it happens in their neighborhood and whether the neighborhood context influences the association between residents’ perceptions of hate crime and self-reported hate victimization. We find that residents’ perceptions are positively related to victim self-reports; however, this relationship weakens in ethnically diverse and disadvantaged areas. This suggests that residents’ perceptions of hate crime may be more dependent upon the community context than non-hate crimes.
Participants’ employment status and experiences in the year after the Experienced Involvement training
Authors: Hegedüs Anna , Seidel Elena , Steinauer Regine
Published: January 2016

Background:

Peer support workers (PSWs) are an emerging workforce within the Swiss mental health system. The ‘Experienced Involvement’ (EX-IN) training programmes prepare and certify individuals who have experienced mental health problems to work as PSWs.

Aims:

This study examined the influence of EX-IN training on participants’ employment status and their experiences in the year after training.

Method:

We employed quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were collected at baseline, immediately after completion and at 1 year post-training. Additionally, individual narrative interviews were conducted with 10 participants at 1 year post-training.

Results:

At 1 year of completion, the majority of participants were in paid employment. Difficulties included unclear PSW roles. The qualitative analyses revealed the following categories: ‘Evolving from the patient role despite experiencing effects or consequences of mental illness’, ‘Feeling welcome and being confronted with conflicting expectations’, ‘Helping others while being needy at the same time’ and ‘Doing something worthwhile and the fear of failure’.

Conclusion:

Clear role descriptions, well-defined expectations, team preparation, acknowledgement of vulnerabilities and institution-level support PSWs are important to safeguard both PSWs and service users by minimising the destabilisation risk. Future EX-IN training graduates can benefit from the establishment of remunerated PSW roles in psychiatric services.
Violence and Civilian Loyalties
Authors: Schutte Sebastian
Published: January 2016

Insurgency and counterinsurgency are widely described as “population-centric warfare”: a competition between military actors over civilian loyalties. Drawing on a high-resolution conflict event data set and a new approach for analyzing reactive behavior in space and time, this article answers the question of how civilian cooperation and defection are systematically driven by incumbent and insurgent violence. Theoretically, the study contributes to resolving a dispute between proponents of deterrence- and alienation-based approaches to population-centric warfare. Empirically, this analysis improves upon the mixed results from previous microstudies in favor of an integrated picture: indiscriminate violence has almost no effect on collaboration with the adversary in its immediate spatiotemporal vicinity. At larger levels of aggregation, however, a clear reactive pattern of collaboration with the adversary becomes visible which is in line with alienation-based reasoning.
Shaping urban consolidation debates: Social representations in Brisbane newspaper media
Authors: Raynor Katrina , Matthews Tony , Mayere Severine
Published: January 2016

Recent international trends towards urban consolidation, intended to reduce outward urban sprawl by concentrating growth within existing neighbourhoods, can cause contention in cities. Understanding how the mass media represents urban consolidation can lead to more informed and democratic planning practices. This paper employs Social Representations Theory to identify and understand representations of urban consolidation in newspaper media. The theory recognises that the media is a key purveyor of public discourse and can reflect, shape or suppress ideas circulating in society. This novel approach has not previously been applied to understanding social representations of urban consolidation strategies in the mass media. The rapidly growing and changing city of Brisbane, Australia, is utilised as a case study. Brisbane is situated in South East Queensland, the fastest growing region in Australia, and is governed by regional and local planning policies that strongly support increased densities in existing urban areas. Findings from a quantitative textual analysis of 449 articles published in Brisbane newspapers between 2007 and 2014 reveal key clusters and classes of co-occurring words that represent dominant social representations apparent in the newspaper corpus. The paper provides two key conclusions. The first is that social representations occurring in mass media represent an important source of information about ‘common sense’ understandings and evaluations of urban consolidation debates. The second is that urban consolidation is represented as a multifaceted issue, including interrelated themes of housing, sustainable population growth, investment strategies and the interplay between politics and planning.
Density effect and optimum density of the urban population in China
Authors: Su Hongjian , Wei Houkai , Zhao Jian
Published: January 2016

This article examines the density effect and the optimum density of the urban population using panel data from China’s 284 cities from 2006 to 2010. Considering the endogeneity problem from the employment density in the density effect, we employ the density of the public transport passenger volume instead, and we control the size effect and the structure effect to obtain more reasonable results. Our results indicate that, using the dependent variables of product per labour and wage, the density effect shows an inverted U shape. Further study shows that the optimum urban population density gauged by the total urban population divided by the built-up area is approximately 13,000 people per km2 for the prefecture-level cities in China. The results are robust. Based on the concept and value of the optimum urban population density, China has a huge potential urban land use capacity of approximately 28% of total built-up area. China’s expansion of the city built-up area and the process of population urbanisation should be coordinated by the optimum urban population density.
Shadowing: Warrants for Intersituational Variation in Ethnography
Authors: Trouille David , Tavory Iddo
Published: January 2016

This article makes the case for shadowing as ethnographic methodology: focusing attention on what occurs as interlocutors move among settings and situations. Whereas ethnographers often zoom in on one principal set of situations or site, we argue that intersituational variation broadens and deepens the researcher’s ethnographic account as well as affording important correctives to some common inferential pitfalls. We provide four warrants for shadowing: (a) buttressing intersituational claims, (b) deepening ethnographers’ ability to trace meaning making by showing how meanings shift as they travel and how such shifts may affect interlocutors’ understandings, (c) gaining leverage on the structure of subjects’ social worlds, and (d) helping the ethnographer make larger causal arguments. We show the use value of these considerations through an analysis of violence and informal networks in an ethnography of immigrant Latinos who met to socialize and play soccer in a Los Angeles park.
Why Do We Still Have an Impoverished Understanding of the Item Wording Effect? An Empirical Examination
Authors: Kam Chester Chun Seng
Published: January 2016

The item wording (or keying) effect is respondents’ differential response style to positively and negatively worded items. Despite decades of research, the nature of the effect is still unclear. This article proposes a potential reason; namely, that the item wording effect is scale-specific, and thus findings are applicable only to a particular measure involved in an investigation. Using multiple scales and several methods, the present study provides strong and converging support for this hypothesis. In light of the results, we reinterpret major findings of the item wording effect and propose possible future directions for research.
Origins of the French Bastides
Authors: Barrett Catherine Jean
Published: January 2016

The bastides of Languedoc form a significant sector of medieval urban history, yet their descriptions are often clouded by conflicting opinions and anachronistic views. This article aims to clarify some of the confusion about the word “bastide” through an etymological study and examination of charters in which the word was first used to designate new towns. The economic and political contexts preceding the bastide foundations are equally important. The bastides did not appear in southwestern France as an ex novo phenomenon ; rather, they followed on the heels of experiments in residential development and in a monetary economy that had been ongoing for two centuries by the counts of Toulouse.
Preventing Disruptive Behavior via Classroom Management
Authors: Watson Tiffany L. , Skinner Christopher H. , Skinner Amy L. , Cazzell Samantha , Aspiranti Kathleen B. , Moore Tara , Coleman MariBeth
Published: January 2016

Evidence suggests that installing a classroom management system known as the Color Wheel reduced inappropriate behaviors and increased on-task behavior in second- and fourth-grade classrooms; however, no systematic studies of the Color Wheel had been disseminated targeting pre-school or kindergarten participants. To enhance our understanding of the Color Wheel System (CWS) as a prevention system, a multiple-baseline design was used to evaluate the effects of the Color Wheel on inappropriate vocalizations (IVs) in three general education kindergarten classrooms. Partial-interval time-sampling was used to record classwide IVs, which were operationally defined as any comment or vocal noise that was not solicited by the teacher. Time series graphs and effect size calculations suggest that the CWS caused immediate, large, and sustained decreases in IVs across the three classrooms. Teacher acceptability and interview data also supported the CWS. Implications related to prevention are discussed and directions for future research are provided.
Low road or high road? The post-crisis trajectory of Irish activation
Authors: Murphy Mary P.
Published: January 2016

Comparatively slow in adopting any clear activation strategy, post-crisis Ireland crossed the Rubicon and rapidly took steps to implement a work-first labour activation strategy. The article maps and examines the interaction of three variables – ideational influences, political interests and institutional processes – to assess the nature of post-crisis Irish activation policy. Troika imposition of aid conditionality, the ideational role of the OECD and domestic elites worked to shift the focus of Irish activation policy and its implementation. Post-crisis Irish activation is less influenced by social democratic versions of high-road activation than neo-liberal managerial stock management and conservative behavioural controls. These converge into a low-road model of activation. There is some demand for, but little articulation of, an alternative policy that could be centred around less conditionality and more focus on demand-side issues including low pay, quality work, distribution of employment and removal of barriers to employment.
Streetscape skeleton measurement and classification
Authors: Harvey Chester , Aultman-Hall Lisa , Troy Austin , Hurley Stephanie E
Published: January 2016

The scale and proportions of “streetscape skeletons,” the three-dimensional spaces of streets defined by the massing and arrangement of surrounding buildings, are theoretically relevant to the way human users perceive and behave. Nonetheless, the dominant ways of measuring and identifying streets emphasize vehicular service and functionality. Moreover, existing built environment-based classifications have focused on recommended forms rather than characterizing the full range of existing conditions that must be accounted for in policy and understanding of human–environment interactions. To work toward a better streetscape measurement and classification scheme, this study investigated how large numbers of streetscapes could be efficiently measured to evaluate design patterns across and between multiple cities. Using a novel GIS-based method, 12 streetscape skeleton variables were measured on more than 120,000 block-length streetscapes in three northeastern U.S. cities: Boston, MA, New York, NY, and Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression models based on these variables were unsuccessful at distinguishing between cities, confirming that the variables were similarly applicable to each city and that the cities had comparable streetscape skeleton identities. Cluster analyses were then used to identify four streetscape skeleton classes that were also consistent between cities: upright, compact, porous, and open. These classes were distinct from the widely used highway functional class system, reinforcing the distinction between streetscape design and roadway functionality and thus the importance of accounting for them separately. The streetscape skeleton classes provide a digestible yet objective system for identifying prevalent streetscape designs that are appropriate for urban policy design, advocacy, and urban systems research.
Assimilation of military group decision support systems in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyun-Ku , Zo Hangjung
Published: January 2016

The successful assimilation of group decision support systems (GDSS) in the Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I) systems of military organizations is critical for making fast and accurate modern military operations decisions. This study empirically examines factors affecting military group decision support systems’ (MGDSS) assimilation and the mediating effect of structural appropriation in the Korean Army in a technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. Two hundred and forty-eight users or former users of the Army Tactical Command Information System (ATCIS) participated in the survey and a partial least squares (PLS) analysis was used to analyze the data. The results found that institutional pressure (IP) has the strongest effect on structural appropriation, followed by IT infrastructure (ITI) and top management support (TMS). Structural appropriation plays a significant mediating part between the TOE factors and MGDSS assimilation. The results provide implications and contribute valuable insights for military organizations’ successful assimilation of MGDSS.
Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the differential diagnosis of vascular anomalies from other lesions in the head and neck region
Authors: He Jie , Zhu Hanguang , Zhang Chunye , Wang Yanan , Zheng Jiawei , Qiu Weiliu
Published: January 2016

Objective

To summarise the role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the differential diagnosis of vascular anomalies from other lesions in the head and neck region by presenting five interesting cases reported from our hospital data.

Method

Five patients ranging in age from 3 months to 25 years old were diagnosed with vascular anomalies based on their histories, clinical examinations, imaging examinations and ultrasonic testing. The previous diagnosis of these patients were corrected by fine needle aspiration cytology in our hospital and the proper treatment was administered.

Result

Two cases were wrongly treated in a local hospital. All five of the patients underwent operations after excluding vascular anomalies by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Conclusion

Fine needle aspiration cytology should be used in the following situations to prevent misdiagnoses and the mistreatment as vascular anomalies: when imaging examination and ultrasonic testing lead to a diagnosis of vascular malformation, but the history or clinical examination does not confirm this diagnosis; when lesions are treated as “vascular malformations” by sclerotherapy, and the hydatid fluid is not like blood or lymph fluid; and when propranolol is used to treat the proliferation stage of “haemangiomas” with without any effect.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment on an acute medical unit: a qualitative study of older people’s and informal carer’s perspectives of the care and treatment received
Authors: Darby Janet , Williamson Tracey , Logan Pip , Gladman John
Published: January 2016

Objective:

This qualitative study was imbedded in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the addition of geriatricians to usual care to enable the comprehensive geriatric assessment process with older patients on acute medical units. The qualitative study explored the perspectives of intervention participants on their care and treatment.

Design:

A constructivist study incorporating semi-structured interviews that were conducted in patients’ homes within six weeks of discharge from the acute medical unit. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting:

An acute medical unit in the United Kingdom.

Participants:

Older patients ( n = 18) and their informal carers ( n = 6) discharged directly home from an acute medical unit, who had been in the intervention group of the randomized controlled trial.

Results:

Three core themes were constructed: (1) perceived lack of treatment on the acute medical unit; (2) nebulous grasp of the role of the geriatrician; and (3) on-going health and activities of daily living needs postdischarge. These needs impacted upon the informal carers, who either took over, or helped the patients to complete their activities of daily living. Despite the help received with activities of daily living, a lot of the patients voiced a desire to complete these activities themselves.

Conclusions:

The participants perceived they were just monitored and observed on the acute medical unit, rather than receiving active treatment, and spoke of on-going unresolved health and activity of daily living needs following discharge, despite receiving the additional intervention of a geriatrician.
Teacher Perceptions of Two Multi-Component Interventions
Authors: Dorsey Emily A. , Mouzourou Chryso , Park Hyejin , Ostrosky Michaelene M. , Favazza Paddy C.
Published: January 2016

This study investigated teachers’ perspectives about two interventions designed to promote kindergarteners’ attitudes toward peers with disabilities. Interviews with teachers were conducted following the 6-week interventions. Teachers shared views on the best and most difficult aspects of the interventions, perceived benefits for teachers and children, and suggestions for improving the interventions. Teachers’ responses were analyzed using content analysis. One salient teacher-reported benefit was notable improvement in social skills made by all students. Moreover, students in the experimental condition displayed increased acceptance of peers with disabilities, whereas teachers reported becoming more confident discussing the topic of disability with students. Teachers also reported that although it was difficult to step back and observe children in cooperative learning groups, it was beneficial to see that when children were given opportunities to handle social situations on their own, many were capable of doing so. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.
A review of job tenure under the Job in Jeopardy programme in first episode psychosis
Authors: Williams Philip Lee , Lloyd Chris
Published: January 2016

Introduction

This paper explores what happens to young people with psychosis who have competitive employment when they first engage in treatment.

Method

11 of 39 (28%) of programme participants of an individual placement and support programme who received vocational assistance under the Job in Jeopardy funding were identified. A prospective observational design was used to evaluate programme outcomes over a minimum of 6 months.

Results

It is of interest that the majority of young people who were at risk of losing their job and were receiving assistance did not manage to sustain employment. At the completion of data collection only two people continued to be engaged in competitive employment.

Conclusion

Although the sample is very small, there appears to be a clear trend demonstrating that being engaged in competitive employment at the point of experiencing a first episode of psychosis does not protect an individual against losing that job. It is evident that staff involved with this group of clients need to assist those with employment to maintain it. There is the potential for occupational therapists to play a key role in assisting these young people to secure and maintain meaningful occupation.
The Effect of an Orthopaedic Surgical Procedure in the National Basketball Association
Authors: Minhas Shobhit V. , Kester Benjamin S. , Larkin Kevin E. , Hsu Wellington K.
Published: January 2016

Background:

Professional basketball players have a high incidence of injuries requiring surgical intervention. However, no studies in the current literature have compared postoperative performance outcomes among common injuries to determine high- and low-risk procedures to these athletes’ careers.

Purpose:

To compare return-to-play (RTP) rates and performance-based outcomes after different orthopaedic procedures in National Basketball Association (NBA) players and to determine which surgeries are associated with the worst postoperative change in performance.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Athletes in the NBA undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Achilles tendon repair, lumbar discectomy, microfracture, meniscus surgery, hand/wrist or foot fracture fixation, and shoulder stabilization were identified through team injury reports and archives on public record. The RTP rate, games played per season, and player efficiency rating (PER) were determined before and after surgery. Statistical analysis was used to compare the change between pre- and postsurgical performance among the different injuries.

Results:

A total of 348 players were included. The RTP rates were highest in patients with hand/wrist fractures (98.1%; mean age, 27.0 years) and lowest for those with Achilles tears (70.8%; mean age, 28.4 years) ( P = .005). Age ≥30 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.85; 95% CI, 1.24-11.91) and body mass index ≥27 kg/m2 (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.05-11.40) were predictors of not returning to play. Players undergoing Achilles tendon repair and arthroscopic knee surgery had a significantly greater decline in postoperative performance outcomes at the 1- and 3-year time points and had shorter career lengths compared with the other procedures.

Conclusion:

NBA players undergoing Achilles tendon rupture repair or arthroscopic knee surgery had significantly worse performance postoperatively compared with other orthopaedic procedures.
The Degree of Knee Extension Does Not Affect Postoperative Stability or Subsequent Graft Tear Rate After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Patellar Tendon Autograft
Authors: Benner Rodney W. , Shelbourne K. Donald , Gray Tinker
Published: January 2016

Background:

There is concern that high degrees of hyperextension may lead to an increase in graft laxity or graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Hypothesis:

Patients with a high degree of hyperextension will have a higher rate of graft tear/failure and lower subjective scores after surgery compared with patients with less knee extension.

Study Design:

Cohort study, Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Of 2329 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft between 1998 and 2008, there were 625 patients who met the inclusion criteria of having primary ACL surgery, no bilateral ACL injuries, no existing osteoarthritis, and having either ≥6° of knee hyperextension before and after surgery (group A: n = 318; mean hyperextension, 8° ± 2° [range, 6°-15°]) or ≤3° of knee hyperextension before and after surgery (group B: n = 307; mean hyperextension, 0° ± 3° [range, 3° hyperextension to −4° short of 0° neutral]). KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum difference between knees, range of motion measurements, and subjective follow-up with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Cincinnati Knee Ratings Scale (CKRS) surveys were used to evaluate results. Subsequent graft tear related to specific injury within 5 years of surgery was recorded. Graft failure was defined as a KT-1000 manual maximum difference of >5 mm.

Results:

Follow-up was obtained from 278 (87%) in group A and 275 (90%) in group B at a mean of 4.1 ± 1.1 years after surgery. The KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum difference between knees was 2.0 ± 1.4 in group A and 2.1 ± 1.6 in group B ( P = .701). Subsequent ACL graft tear/failure occurred in 22 patients (6.9%) in group A and 30 patients (9.8%) in group B ( P = .246). Further subanalysis showed that the graft tear/failure rate was 6 of 81 (7.4%) for patients with ≥10° of hyperextension versus 16 of 237 (6.8%) for patients with 6° to 9° of hyperextension. There was no difference in IKDC or CKRS scores between groups after surgery ( P = .933 and .155, respectively).

Conclusion:

Obtaining full hyperextension that is anatomically normal for most patients does not affect objective stability, ACL graft tear/failure rates, or subjective scores after ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft.
The Matrix of the Group as Transformative Container in Marital Therapy with Bereaved Parents
Authors: Ezra Judith , Yedidia Tova
Published: January 2016

This article presents an analysis and conceptualization of the use of group processes and group settings for the treatment and rehabilitation of marital relations in the aftermath of parental bereavement. In this article, we describe the extreme trauma of parental bereavement and the resultant turmoil that ensues in the marital relationship. The article conceptualizes the stages of the development in the matrix as transitional functions of the container for the participant couples, and describes the stages that enable the process, and are reflected in the transformative container of the couple’s relationship.
Evaluation of the CAARS Infrequency Index for the Detection of Noncredible ADHD Symptom Report in Adulthood
Authors: Fuermaier Anselm B. M. , Tucha Lara , Koerts Janneke , Weisbrod Matthias , Grabemann Marco , Zimmermann Marco , Mette Christian , Aschenbrenner Steffen , Tucha Oliver
Published: January 2016

The reliance on self-reports in detecting noncredible symptom report of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adulthood (aADHD) has been questioned due to findings showing that symptoms can easily be feigned on self-report scales. In response, Suhr and colleagues developed an infrequency index for the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CII) and provided initial validation for its utility in detecting noncredible symptom report. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the CII in detecting noncredible aADHD symptom report by using a simulation design. Data did not support the validity of the CII for the detection of noncredible aADHD symptoms, as it failed to differentiate instructed malingerers from genuine patients with sufficient accuracy. It is concluded that there is a need for infrequency scales composed of items that were specifically developed to be endorsed infrequently and embedded within valid self-report scales.
Validity and Utility of the Parent–Teacher Relationship Scale–II
Authors: Dawson Anne E. , Wymbs Brian T.
Published: January 2016

Preliminary findings indicate that positive relations between parents and teachers are associated with successful school outcomes for children. However, measures available to assess parent–teacher relations are scant. The current study examined validity evidence for the Parent–Teacher Relationship Scale–II (PTRS). Specifically, the internal structure of the PTRS and the test–criterion relationships between the PTRS and several important child-level variables were examined. Primary school teachers ( n = 120) completed the PTRS referencing two different parents of children in their classroom, as well as outcome measures about both of these parent’s children (i.e., academic competence, student–teacher relationship, and behavior). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the two-factor solution originally proposed by the PTRS authors. Associations between the PTRS and child outcome variables provided further evidence in support of test–criterion relationships. School mental health professionals and researchers seeking to assess the contributions of parent–teacher relations to academic and behavioral outcomes of children should consider administering the PTRS.
Technical Adequacy of the Positive Experiences at School Scale With Adolescents
Authors: Renshaw Tyler L.
Published: January 2016

The present study reports on an investigation of the generalizability of the technical adequacy of the Positive Experience at School Scale (PEASS) with a sample of students ( N = 1,002) who differed substantially in age/grade level (i.e., adolescents in middle school as opposed to children in elementary school) and ethnic identity (i.e., majority Black/African American as opposed to majority Latino/a) in comparison with the measure’s primary development sample. Findings from confirmatory factor analyses indicated the original latent structure of the PEASS was tenable in the current sample and that the measure was invariant across gender and grade level, with some small demographic differences identified via latent means testing. Additional psychometric findings regarding the technical adequacy of the PEASS with this sample, including its observed scale characteristics and simulated classification utility with criterion measures of academic self-efficacy and school connectedness, are also presented. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Fisher v. University of Texas and the Status of Affirmative Action
Authors: Riccucci Norma M.
Published: January 2016

In June of 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling in Fisher v. University of Texas that threatened the continued use of affirmative action to promote diversity in university admissions. It vacated the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, which upheld its use, and remanded the case back to the appellate court. This legal brief examines the implications of the Fifth Circuit’s decision on remand. It examines the appellate court’s response to the High Court on remand, where it once again upheld the affirmative action program at the University of Texas.
Globalization and contentious politics: A comparative analysis of nonviolent and violent campaigns
Authors: Karakaya Süveyda
Published: January 2016

Scholarly interest in the topic of nonviolent resistance has recently increased as a result of the worldwide spread of nonviolent campaigns such as the Arab Spring. Yet causal factors that facilitate the emergence of nonviolent resistance campaigns remain underexplored. This paper comparatively analyzes the causal factors of nonviolent and violent resistance campaigns in the world for the period 1976–2006 by utilizing NAVCO 2 data. This paper argues that increasing levels of globalization lead to a preference for nonviolent campaigns over violent ones. The findings confirm that increasing levels of globalization are positively associated with the emergence of nonviolent campaigns, while negatively influencing the probability of violent campaigns. Integration into the world increases the popularity of peaceful alternatives to achieve political goals.
Rare Primary Central Nervous System Tumors Encountered in Pediatrics
Authors: Kramer Kim
Published: January 2016

As part of the special issue on Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, this article will focus on 4 of the rarer tumors in this spectrum, including atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors, embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes, choroid plexus tumors, and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Incidence and current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors are discussed, and avenues of therapy both current and prospective are explored.
Antigen-free bovine cancellous bone loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for the repair of tibial bone defects in goat model
Authors: Li Donghai , Deng Liqing , Yang Zhouyuan , Xie Xiaowei , Kang Pengde , Tan Zhen
Published: January 2016

Antigen-free bovine cancellous bone has good performances of porous network structures and mechanics with antigen extracted. To develop a bioactive scaffold for enhancing bone repair and evaluate its biological property, rhBMP-2 loaded with antigen-free bovine cancellous bone was used to treat tibial bone defect. Twenty-four healthy adult goats were chosen to establish goat defects model and randomly divided into four groups. The goats were treated with rhBMP-2/antigen-free bovine cancellous bone scaffolds (group A), autogenous cancellous bone graft (group B), porous tricalciumphosphate scaffolds (group C) and nothing (group D). Animals were evaluated with radiological and histological methods at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. The gray value of radiographs was used to evaluate the healing of the defects, which revealed that the group A had a better outcome of defect healing compared with group C at 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively (p < 0.05), while the difference between groups A and B was without significance at each time (p > 0.05). The newly formed bone area was calculated from histological sections, and the results indicated that the amount of new bone in group A increased significantly compared with that in group C (p < 0.05) but was similar to that in group B (p > 0.05) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. In addition, the expression of collagen I and vascular endothelial growth factor by real-time polymerase chain reaction at 12 weeks in group A was significantly higher than that in group C (p = 0.034, p = 0.032, respectively), but no significant differences were found when compared with that in group B (p = 0.36, p = 0.54, respectively). At the same time, group C presented better results than group D on bone defects healing. Therefore, the composites of antigen-free bovine cancellous bone loaded with rhBMP-2 have a good osteoinductive activity and capacity to promote the repair of bone defects.
Preparation of a small intestinal submucosa modified polypropylene hybrid mesh via a mussel-inspired polydopamine coating for pelvic reconstruction
Authors: Ge Liangpeng , Liu Lubin , Wei Haoche , Du Lei , Chen Shixuan , Huang Yong , Huang Renshu
Published: January 2016

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a serious health issue that affects many adult women. Surgical treatments for POP patients comprise a common strategy in which scaffold materials are used to reconstruct the prolapsed pelvic. However, the existing materials for pelvic reconstruction cannot meet clinical requirements in terms of biocompatibility, mechanics and immunological rejection. To address these concerns, polypropylene (PP) mesh was selected because of its strong mechanical properties. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was used to modify the PP mesh via a mussel-inspired polydopamine coating to enhance its biocompatibility. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results demonstrated that SIS was successfully conjugated on the surface of the PP mesh. Moreover, the cytotoxicity results indicated that the PP mesh and SIS-modified PP mesh were safe to use. Furthermore, in vivo tests demonstrated that the fibroplasia around the implanted site in the SIS-modified PP mesh group was significantly less than the fibroplasia around the PP mesh group. In addition, the immunohistochemistry staining results indicated that the expression of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) was substantially lower and that the expression of pro-healing macrophages (M2) was higher in the SIS-modified PP mesh group. Furthermore, ELISA detection indicated that the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the SIS-modified PP mesh group was reduced compared with the PP mesh group. These findings suggest that a SIS-modified polypropylene hybrid mesh via a mussel-inspired polydopamine coating is a promising approach in pelvic reconstruction.
The influence of metal-based biomaterials functionalized with sphingosine-1-phosphate on the cellular response and osteogenic differentaion potenial of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Marycz Krzysztof , Krzak Justyna , Marędziak Monika , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A , Szczurek Anna , Moszak Karolina
Published: January 2016

In this study, stable, homogenous and thin titania dioxide coatings (TiO2) on stainless steel substrate doped with two dosages of bioactive sphingolipids S1P were fabricated using the sol-gel method. S1P belongs to a family of sphingolipids acting as important extracellular signaling molecules and chemoattractants. This study investigated the effect of TiO2, doped with S1P in two different dosages on cellular response as well as osteogenic differentiation potential of human adipose derived multipotent stromal stem cells (hASC). The authors have shown that S1P mediates hASCs morphology, proliferation activity and population doubling time in a dose-dependent manner. They have also demonstrated that functionalization of TiO2 coating with a higher dosage of S1P, i.e. 80 ng/ml [(TiO2/S1P(CII)] activated both S1PR type 1 and type 2 on mRNA level. The results indicated an increase in secretion of BMP-2, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin by osteoblasts progenitor when cultured on [TiO2/S1P(CIIm)]. In addition, the authors observed the highest extracellular matrix mineralization as well as osteonodules formation by the osteoblasts precursors when cultured onto [TiO2/S1P(CIIm)].
Rejection Sensitivity, Jealousy, and the Relationship to Interpersonal Aggression
Authors: Murphy Anna M. , Russell Gemma
Published: January 2016

The development and maintenance of interpersonal relationships lead individuals to risk rejection in the pursuit of acceptance. Some individuals are predisposed to experience a hypersensitivity to rejection that is hypothesized to be related to jealous and aggressive reactions within interpersonal relationships. The current study used convenience sampling to recruit 247 young adults to evaluate the relationship between rejection sensitivity, jealousy, and aggression. A mediation model was used to test three hypotheses: Higher scores of rejection sensitivity would be positively correlated to higher scores of aggression (Hypothesis 1); higher scores of rejection sensitivity would be positively correlated to higher scores of jealousy (Hypothesis 2); jealousy would mediate the relationship between rejection sensitivity and aggression (Hypothesis 3). Study results suggest a tendency for individuals with high rejection sensitivity to experience higher levels of jealousy, and subsequently have a greater propensity for aggression, than individuals with low rejection sensitivity. Future research that substantiates a link between hypersensitivity to rejection, jealousy, and aggression may provide an avenue for prevention, education, or intervention in reducing aggression within interpersonal relationships.
Factors Associated With Women’s Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence in Spain
Authors: Sanz-Barbero Belén , Otero-García Laura , Vives-Cases Carmen
Published: January 2016

In Spain, in 2013, the 20% of women who were murdered by their partner had reported him previously. We analyze the 2011 Spanish-Macrosurvey on Gender Violence to identify and analyze the prevalence of and the principal factors associated with reporting a situation of intimate partner violence (IPV) and the main reasons women cite for not filing such reports, or for subsequently deciding to withdraw their complaint. Overall, 72.8% of women exposed to IPV did not report their aggressor. The most frequent reasons for not reporting were not giving importance to the situation (33.9%), and fear and lack of trust in the reporting process (21.3%). The main reasons for withdrawing the complaint were cessation of the violence (20.0%), and fear and threats (18.2%). The probability of reporting increased among women with young children who were abused, prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]): 2.14 [1.54, 2.98], and those whose mother was abused, prevalence ratio (95% CI): 2.25 [1.42, 3.57]. Always focusing on the need to protect women who report abuse, it is necessary to promote the availability of and access to legal resources especially among women who use them less: women who do not have children and women who do not have previous family exposure to violence.
The Association Between Military Sexual Trauma and Use of VA and Non-VA Health Care Services Among Female Veterans With Military Service in Iraq or Afghanistan
Authors: Calhoun Patrick S. , Schry Amie R. , Dennis Paul A. , Wagner H. Ryan , Kimbrel Nathan A. , Bastian Lori A. , Beckham Jean C. , Kudler Harold , Straits-Tröster Kristy
Published: January 2016

Military sexual trauma (MST) has been linked with increased rates of mental health disorders among veterans. Few studies have addressed how MST is related to use of VA and non-VA health care. The purpose of the current study was to (a) examine the association between MST, combat experiences, and mental health outcomes (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and depression) and (b) examine the association of MST and use of VA and non-VA health care services among female veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Female respondents to a survey assessing Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans’ needs and health ( N = 185) completed measures of demographic variables, military history, combat exposure, MST, PTSD, and depression symptoms, and use of VA and non-VA health care. Overall, 70% of the sample experienced one or more combat-related experiences and 15.7% endorsed MST during deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. MST and combat exposure were both positively associated with PTSD and depression symptoms even after controlling for the effects of demographic and military history variables. MST was associated with increased use of VA mental health services in bivariate results but was not independently related to VA service utilization after accounting for PTSD and depression symptoms. Approximately half of the women who reported MST had not used VA health care. Continued outreach and education initiatives may be needed to ensure veterans understand the resources available to address MST-related mental and physical health problems through the VA.