bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glyphosate Residues in Soil and Air: An Integrated Review
Authors: Tzanetou Evagelia , Karasali Helen
Published: July 2020

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] (GPS) is currently the most commonly applied herbicide worldwide. Given the widespread use of glyphosate, the investigation of the relationship between glyphosate and soil ecosystem is critical and has great significance for its valid application and environmental safety evaluation. However, although the occurrence of glyphosate residues in surface and groundwater is rather well documented, only few information are available for soils and even fewer for air. Due to this, the importance of developing methods that are effective and fast to determine and quantify glyphosate and its major degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), is emphasized. Based on its structure, the determination of this pesticide using a simple analytical method remains a challenge, a fact known as the “glyphosate paradox.” In this chapter a critical review of the existing literature and data comparison studies regarding the occurrence and the development of analytical methods for the determination of pesticide glyphosate in soil and air is performed.
Categorías de las normas escolares
Authors: Pérez Pérez Cruz
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn el presente artículo se propone una clasificación de las normas de comportamiento y convivencia que habitualmente se emplean en el medio escolar. Para ello se comienza analizando las principales clasificaciones de las normas existentes en la literatura sobre el tema, y se justifica la necesidad de realizar una nueva clasificación. El trabajo se inicia con la consulta, a través de un cuestionario, a un número significativo de profesores, y tras un proceso de análisis y concreción de estas aportaciones, se llega a una clasificación de las normas en seis grandes categorías y dieciséis subcategorías.ABSTRACTIn the present article, a classification of the behavior and living together norms, that are custonary used at school, is appointed. Departing of the previons classifications proposed by several authors, the need of accomplishing an own and new classification of that norms, is justified. For this, we toow advice of a significant number of school teachers and after sum up and analyse their contributions, we arribed to a classification of the scholastic norms in six large categories and seventeen sub-categories.
La formación en orientación profesional de los jóvenes europeos
Authors: Sobrado Luis
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn este artículo se plantean las finalidades y el rol de la Orientación Profesional así como sus posibilidades formativas en relación con la juventud europea. Se exponen además las funciones de los Servicios de Orientación Vocacional y las acciones formativas en el marco orientador, referidas a la integración en el currículo escolar, la elección vocacional y las actividades de transición académica y de ésta a la vida laboral del sujeto, con referencia especial a su inserción profesional. Este enfoque de la formación en Orientación Profesional se realiza desde la necesidad de articular estrechamente el mundo de la Educación y el del Trabajo, todavía bastante descoordinados en la realidad actual.ABSTRACTThis paper defines the aims and the role of Vocational Guidance as well as the possibilities open for the training of European young people. We also explain how Vocational Guidance works as well as the training methods used in the guidance framework, with reference to the school curriculum, vocational choice and to the activities of academic transition and from here to the individuals working life with special reference to professional placement. This Vocational Guidance training focus comes from the need to join the worlds of Education and work which, in todays world, are basically rather uncoordinated.
La orientación laboral a desempleados inscritos en las oficinas de empleo del INEM
Authors: Hernández Fernández Josefina , Ruiz del Cerro Juana
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn este estudio se ofrece una descripción de los desempleados que pueden acudir a un Servicio de Orientación Laboral. Aunque existen estudios que abordan el fenómeno del desempleo, del mismo modo que hay multitud de programas de Orientación Laboral, no hemos encontrado trabajos de investigación que muestren la realidad de los demandantes inscritos en las Oficina de Empleo. En este estudio se describen los perfiles más característicos, sus condicionantes, necesidades o intereses profesionales. Atendiendo a estos factores en el Servicio de Orientación de una Oficina de Empleo de Murcia se ha realizado una clasificación, en ella aparecen tres grupos bien diferenciados: universitarios, no universitarios y perceptores de rentas para la inserción laboral. La propuesta de esta investigación es que, aprovechando la realidad descrita, se elaboren estrategias de apoyo relacionadas con la orientación para el empleo con actividades acopladas a las características de los colectivos señalados, atendiendo, también, a especificaciones como la edad, el género, la formación o la experiencia profesional.ABSTRACTThe following study describes a job orientation service to a kind of unemployed people. Although there are studies to the unemployed and job guidance service there is no counselling programmes that shows the truth of the unemployed registered in the job centre. So, an analysis on the features of those groups found in an agency of Murcia is described. Combining such data as age, gender, instruction, work experience there are the characteristics of three groups demanding employment: graduate students, undergraduates and salary recipients for reemployment have been defined. These data can help to create new programs.
Intervención psicoeducativa en niños con tumores del sistema nervioso central. El caso de Santiago
Authors: Grau Claudia , Fortes Mª del Carmen , Fernández Meneses Francisco
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn este artículo se describe el programa de intervención psicoeducativa aplicado a un niño de educación infantil afectado por un tumor intracraneal: astrocitoma cerebeloso. Esta intervención se realizó durante el curso 2000-2001 tres horas semanales en el domicilio familiar, en horario extraescolar, y con la colaboración de la maestra del niño. El objetivo de este trabajo es destacar la importancia de aplicar un programa de intervención psicoeducativa adaptado a la enfermedad del niño, con la finalidad de evitar problemas que pueden afectar a su desarrollo personal y escolar.ABSTRACTIn this paper we describe a psychoeducational intervention program applied to the case of a child suffering from cerebellar astrocytoma. This intervention was carried out during the period 2000-2001 and consisted of 3 one-hour sessions per week. These sessions took place at the childs home in collaboration with the childs tutoring teacher. The aim of this work is to show the importance of adapting the intervention program to each particular case, in order to avoid the problems which might appear during the intervention and that could affect the childs emotional and intellectual development.
Fracaso universitario: ¿ilusión o realidad?
Authors: Pompa Ángel Luis , Ponz Noemí , Rama Vanessa , Ríos José Antonio
Published: July 2020

RESUMENSon numerosos los estudios que hacen referencia al fracaso escolar, pero pocos los que se centran en la etapa universitaria. Diversos factores condicionan la elección de carrera, la valoración del profesorado, la atribución (externa o interna) de los resultados o las consecuencias del suspenso. Cada uno de ellos se manifiesta en mayor o menor grado en diferentes carreras universitarias.ABSTRACTThey are enormous the studies which make reference to the school failure but few of them are adjusted to the university aged. Several key factors put into working order the choice of the career, the evaluation of the teaching staff, the attribution (external or internal) of the results of the consequences of the fail. Each of them are revealed with more or less importance in different university careers.
La psicopedagogía como disciplina: una perspectiva contextualista y de ciclo vital
Authors: Poveda David
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEste artículo plantea aproximarse a la Psicopedagogía desde dos ejes, uno compuesto por los contextos de desarrollo en los que participan los seres humanos y otro compuesto por las diferentes etapas del ciclo vital. Así, la cuestión clave es comprender cómo el desarrollo educativo a lo largo del tiempo esta íntimamente relacionado con diferentes contextos sociales. Para las personas en desarrollo esto implica enfrentarse a las continuidades y discontinuidades entre los contextos y etapas del desarrollo en las que participan. Desde el punto de vista de competencias profesionales este marco implica desarrollar dos tipos de habilidades: (a) la capacidad para establecer puentes entre contextos y profesionales y, (b) desarrollar una visión reflexiva del trabajo educativo. Finalmente, se discute cómo este marco puede servir para interpretar la intervención psicopedagógica en cuatro temas emergentes: la ampliación de la noción de escolarización, el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, la participación comunitaria y la diversidad cultural.ABSTRACTThis paper suggests approaching Psychopedagogy from two axis, one made of different developmental contexts and another one made of the different stages of the life-span. In this way, the key consideration is to understand how educational development in the life-course is intimately tied to different social contexts. For the developing person, this implies confronting the continuities and discontinuities between the contexts and life stages in which she or he participates. From the point of view of professional skills this implies developing two kinds of capacities: (a) to be able to build bridges between contexts and professionals and, (b) promoting a reflexive vision of educational work. Finally, this framework is used to interpret psychopedagogical interventions in four emergent fields: the broadening of schooling, using new technologies of communication, community participation and cultural diversity.
Aprender a construir proyectos profesionales y vitales
Authors: Romero Rodríguez Soledad
Published: July 2020

RESUMENNo cabe duda de que el entorno sociolaboral está sometido a constantes cambios. Para que la persona pueda hacerles frente es preciso que aprenda a tomar decisiones autónomas y conscientes y construir proyectos profesionales y vitales. En este artículo presentamos los contenidos que deberían contemplarse en una intervención orientadora cuya finalidad fuera precisamente fomentar dicho aprendizaje.ABSTRACTThere is no doubt than social and labour environment is always changing. In order people face these changes is necessary that they learn to make autonomous decisions and elaborate career and vital plans. In this article we present the contents which should be considered in a process of guidance which principal aim where precisely to facilitate this kind or learning.
Los modelos de orientación en España. Presente y futuro
Authors: Álvarez González Manuel
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl propósito de este trabajo es llevar a cabo un análisis de los modelos de orientación en España, concretamente en las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas. A partir de ahí, efectuar unas propuestas de mejora que han de ir acompañadas de una nueva estructura organizativa que complemente la actual. Es decir, la necesidad de consensuar una serie de medidas de tipo legal que faciliten la operativización de la propuesta organizativa de la orientación.ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this labour is to carry out an analysis of the guidance systems or models in Spain, specifically to the different Autonomous Communities. Starting from there, make some improvement proposals, wich ought to be accompanied by a new organization structure which completes the present one. It means, the need to assent a number of legal type measures which make easy the functionality of the organization proposal of the counseling.
Inteligencia emocional: resultados preliminares sobre su naturaleza y capacidad predictiva a partir de un estudio correlacional en muestras de estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Mestre Navas José Miguel , Guil Bozal Rocío , Mestre Moreno Rocio , Mestre Moreno Rocio
Published: July 2020

RESUMENUno de los campos de aplicación de la inteligencia emocional (IE) está siendo desde hace pocos años el educativo. La posible vinculación entre la IE y la adaptación del alumnado al sistema educativo pasa por resolver algunas cuestiones a priori necesarias para los estudios de validez predictiva en contextos escolares. Por un lado, se necesita datos empíricos que muestren que estamos ante un constructo novedoso y, si esto fuese así, comprobar si la IE está relacionada con algunos criterios adaptativos sobre la adaptación escolar. Este estudio, es solo el principio de una serie de trabajos de los autores encaminados a mostrar que la IE es un concepto novedoso e independiente de otros de conceptos relacionados con la inteligencia y la personalidad; y por otro lado, se muestran algunos resultados relacionados con la adaptación.ABSTRACTThe Educational System is one of the Emotional Intelligence (EI) implementation fields. From a few years back, the possible links between EI and students adaptation to the Educational System need some questions to be answered prior to the study of predictive validity in educational contexts. On one hand, some empirical data are needed to show we are faced with a novel construct and, if so, to prove whether EI is related to some adaptive criteria about educational adaptation. This research is only the beginning of a series of investigations by the authors aimed at showing that EI is a novel and autonomous construct, with independence from other constructs related to intelligence and personality. On the other hand, some outcomes related to adaptation are shown.
La adaptación al espacio europeo de Educación Superior como escenario para la reflexión sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el ámbito universitario: algunas propuestas para un cambio significativo
Authors: Caballero Hernández-Pizarro Mª Ángeles
Published: July 2020

RESUMENHemos superado el ecuador temporal de un proceso de convergencia sobre el que podemos escuchar argumentos a favor y en contra, pero que indiscutiblemente esta configurando un nuevo escenario para la docencia universitaria en Europa. Con este artículo se pretende invitar a profesores y orientadores a adoptar una actitud crítica y reflexiva ante los cambios que se están produciendo, y que implican la asunción de nuevos papeles en los que docentes y orientadores deberán trabajar juntos. Sólo desde esta actitud crítica y colaborativa se logrará un verdadero cambio significativo, que permitirá alcanzar de forma eficaz las metas del proceso de Bolonia.ABSTRACTIn the project of creating a European Higher Education Area, we have run out part of the time scheduled to achieve this objective. This process ‑letting aside arguments in favour or against‑ is undoubtedly creating a new background (scenery) for European Universities. The aim of this article is to promote, among teachers and counsellors, a reflective and critical attitude towards the changes this new context implies. Both professionals will have to assume new roles, in which cooperation will be necesary. Only then, a critical and collaborative attitude will be possible to achieve the goals of the Bolonia process.
La percepción del clima del aula después de un cambio en la evaluación en el alumnado de psicopedagogía
Authors: Alonso Martín Pilar
Published: July 2020

RESUMENSe realizó un estudio con los alumnos de 1º de psicopedagogía de la Universidad de Huelva, para analizar su percepción sobre el clima social del aula como consecuencia de una innovación docente en la metodología docente y forma de evaluación. Se ha utilizado la Escala de Clima Escolar de Moos y Ticket (1995). Esta comunicación aporta datos descriptivos sobre los resultados, los cuales reflejan que los alumnos valoran de forma positiva la claridad en las normas, la afiliación, la implicación en su propio proceso de aprendizaje y el tener una idea clara de la organización y planificación de las distintas materias que componen el curso.ABSTRACTA study was carried out with students of 1st year of Psichopedagogy of the University of Huelva, to analyze their perception of the social climate of the classroom as a consequence of an educational innovation affecting the methodology and evaluation process. The Scale of School Climate of Moos and Ticket (1995) has been used. This article provides descriptive data on the results, which reflect that the students value in a positive way the clarity of the norms, the affiliation, the implication in their own learning process and having a clear idea of the organization and planning of the different subjects.
Resultados y propuestas de un servicio de orientación universitaria
Authors: Del Rincón Igea Benito , Bayot Mestre Agustín
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn esta aportación nos proponemos justificar con algunas investigaciones realizadas en el contexto de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Campus de Cuenca) que, en el marco de nuestras estructuras universitarias, es necesario crear órganos de orientación y apoyo a los estudiantes como condición para que éstos consigan la formación que el mundo laboral y la sociedad en general les exigen. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el 98% de los participantes consideran necesaria la existencia de un servicio de estas características, el 30% del alumnado manifiesta no tener información acerca de la proyección laboral de su carrera y el 94,60% señala que la Universidad no le ha facilitado ninguna ayuda posterior a la finalización de los estudios para obtener un puesto de trabajo. Además, aportamos referentes que pueden ser de utilidad para organizar uno de estos servicios.ABSTRACTOn this contribution, we will be able to justify, having carried out recent researches in the University of Castilla La Mancha (Campus of Cuenca), the necessity of the establishment of guidance and support services for students as a condition to ensure they obtain the best possible university education available in order to enable the students to overcome the difficulties they can find when they conclude their university studies. The collected information show that 98% of the participants consider that it is necessary the establishment of such kind of services, 30% of the students declare having no information about what kind of post-graduated studies or jobs they can apply for and 94,60% assure that they have received no support from University institution when looking for a job. Furthermore, we add strategies in order to develop these kind of services.
Coaching: un reto para los orientadores
Authors: Bisquerra Alzina Rafael
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl coaching es un tipo de asesoramiento que tiene como objetivo promover el establecimiento y la aclaración de metas, el desarrollo de competencias personales y profesionales hasta el nivel óptimo, ayudar a superar bloqueos mentales y emocionales y ayudar a llegar a ser lo mejor que uno puede ser. El coaching tiene mucho que ver con el counseling y por tanto con la orientación. Si embargo las personas que se dedican al coaching en nuestro país proceden de estudios diferentes a la orientación. Este artículo se propone llamar la atención sobre una salida profesional importante para los orientadores.ABSTRACTCoaching is a type of guidance aiming to promote the establishment and explanation of goals, the development of personal and professional competencies to the optimal level, and the possibility of overcoming mental and emotional blockage and to help to achieve self-realization. Coaching is very much related with counselling. However, people engaged in coaching in our country come from studies different from guidance. This article is a call to guidance practitioners, for them to bear in mind coaching as a possible professional field.
Los valores de los adolescentes en un centro educativo pluricultural de Ceuta
Authors: Herrera Ramírez Mª Inmaculada , Herrera Clavero Francisco , Ramírez Salguero Mª Inmaculada
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl objetivo de este trabajo era conocer los valores de los adolescentes (n = 200) en un IES pluricultural de Ceuta, a través del Cuestionario de Valores ‑CVH‑, α = 0,977 (Herrera, 2007); llegando a las siguientes conclusiones: 1ª. Los valores más apreciados por los adolescentes son: igualdad, respeto y espíritu de cambio. 2ª. En función del sexo, las chicas aprecian más la mayoría de los valores analizados. 3ª. Por curso, destacan los adolescentes de 4º de ESO. 4ª. Por edad, los de 16 años. 5ª. Y, en función de sus culturas / religiones, aprecian los valores de distinta forma.ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to know the values of a group of teenagers (n = 200) in a multicultural secondary school of Ceuta, applying the Questionnaire of Values ‑QVH‑, α = 0,977 (Herrera, 2007); The following conclusions are drawn: participants most appreciated values are: equality, respect and spirit of change; girls from all grades, 16 years old students and also students from 4th grade show increased appreciation for most of the analyzed values; based on their cultures / religions, teenagers appreciate the values of different form.
Construcción y validación de un instrumento diagnóstico para la representación cognitiva de la Orientación Psicopedagógica en Galicia
Authors: Sarmiento Campos José Antonio , Ocampo Gómez Camilo Isaac , Cid Sabucedo Alfonso
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN Se presenta el proceso de validación de un instrumento de diagnóstico compuesto por dos elementos: ontología de la orientación psicopedagógica y cuestionario para indagar sobre el modelo común de orientación entre los orientadores educativos de Galicia. En el artículo se muestran las especificacio‐ nes técnicas del cuestionario, cuyo índice de consistencia interna es de un Alpha de 0,947. Mediante análisis factorial, de conglomerados y ecuaciones estructurales se identifican dos modelos, uno teórico y otro empírico. La gran afinidad entre ambos da cuenta de la validez de constructo del instrumento. Las conclusiones y la prospectiva del trabajo constituyen la parte final del artículo. ABSTRACT The aim of this work claims the validation of an instrument of diagnosis composed by two elements: ontology of the psycho-pedagogical guidance and a questionnaire to investigate the existence of a common model of psycho-pedagogical guidancee among the educational counsellors of Galicia. The ontology has been elaborated on the basis of 22 bibliographical and 5 legislative sources, whereas the questionnaire has been validated with a sample of 105 educational counsellors of public centers of primary and secondary. Along the article there are studied the technical specifications of the questionnaire. The internal reliability level (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0,947. On the other hand, by means of factor analysis and cluster analysis, several factors are established, as well as its relations, which there form two models, the theoretical and different empirical one. Using structural equations there is veri‐ fied the adjustment of both models for, finally, to establish the degree of similarity (correlation) bet‐ ween them. The above mentioned contrast concludes in the great affinity between the theoretical model and the empirical model, which realizes of its high construct validity. Finally the conclusions appear, the prospective of the work and of the instrument used.
Aprendizaje y Competencias. Una nueva mirada
Authors: Hernández Pina Fuensanta , Martínez Clares Pilar , Martínez Juárez Mirian , Monroy Hernández Fuensanta
Published: July 2020

RESUMENLos retos más importantes a los que se enfrenta la sociedad del Siglo XXI es el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y la formación basada en competencias. El aprendizaje ya no se ve como un proceso pasivo que se lleva a cabo en espacios formales, sino como algo que tiene lugar a lo largo y ancho de la vida. Ahora más que nunca es necesario un aprendizaje continuo y permanente y este cambio demanda un modelo de educación centrado en el aprendizaje y en la formación integral y basada en competencias. Entorno a toda esta corriente se desarrolla un interesante corpus de investigaciones, teorías y modelos que sitúan al aprendiz (estudiante) como “el actor social protagonista” de este proceso. Respecto a las competencias, término actualmente tan complejo como poliédrico, se aboga por una formación integral basada en las mismas con la intención, de capacitar a las personas no sólo para el presente sino para los futuros retos con los que se deberá enfrentar. En este trabajo se presenta una nueva visión de estos dos elementos, tan necesarios y emergentes en el Proceso de Bolonia, en el que estamos inmersos. Para ello hemos hecho una integración de las distintas dimensiones de la Competencia de Acción Profesional (C.A.P.) en las concepciones cualitativas y cuantitativas del aprendizaje y la enseñanza.ABSTRACTThe most important challenges faced by today’s society is lifelong learning and competence-based training. Learning is no longer seen as a passive process carried out in formal environments, but should be reconceptualised as a lifelong and life-wide development. Continuous, permanent training is more important than ever before and these changes demand an educational model based on learning and on comprehensive, competence-based training. In order to explain such a phenomenon, a number of research studies, theories and models have been carried out, which position the learner as “main social actor” of this process. With regard to competences (term coined nowadays which seems to be both complex and multifunctional), comprehensive training based on competences is fostered, which enables people to confront, not only current events but also future challenges. This paper presents a new vision of these two aspects bearing in mind the importance of learning and competences in the Bologna Process. In order to do so, we integrated the different dimensions of the Professional Action Competence (C.A.P. for short) and qualitative and quantitative conceptions of learning and conceptions of teaching.
Efeito do relaxamento muscular progressivo no estresse e bem-estar no trabalho de enfermeiros hospitalar
Authors: De Avila Silveira Eliseu , Batista Karla de Melo , Grazziano Eliane da Silva , Bringuete Maria Edla de Oliveira , Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del relajamiento muscular progresivo em los niveles de estrés y bienestar en el trabajo de enfermeros hospitalarios. Método: Estudio de intervención, de tipe antes y después, longitudinal, que ha acompañado 16 enfermeros de una instituición hospitalaria por ocho semanas consecutivas sometidos a un protocolo de relajamiento muscular progresivo. Se han recogido los datos con cuestionario, Escala de Estrés em el Trabajo; Escala de Bienestar en el Trabajo. Se han utilizado las pruebas Shapiro-Wilk, T pareado, Wilcoxon, Sperman y Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se observó reducción de los promedios de estrés (60/55 p=0,166) y aumento de los promedios de los factores de bienestar en el trabajo- afecto positivo, afecto negativo y realización (3.22/3,42 p=0,073; 2,07/2,29 p=0,094 e 3,71/3,92 p=0,060), respectivamente. Conclusiones: Hubo evidencias de que el relajamiento muscular progresivo ha reducido los promedios de estrés y ha promovido bienestar en el trabajo entre los enfermeros.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the levels of stress and workplace well-being of hospital nurses.Method: This is an intervention, of the before-after type, longitudinal, which monitored 16 nurses from a hospital institution for eight consecutive weeks submitted to a progressive muscle relaxation protocol. Data were collected by questionnaire, Work Stress Scale and Well-being at Work Scale. Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, Sperman and Mann-Whitney tests were used.Results: The mean stress level decreased (60/55 p= 0.166) and the mean workplace well-being factors: positive affect, negative affect and fulfillment increased (3.22/3.42 p=0.073; 2.07/2.29 p=0.094 and 3.71/3.92 p=0.060), respectively.Conclusion: The study revealed that the progressive muscle relaxation reduced the means of stress and promoted well-being at work among the nurses.
Eosinopenia and COVID-19
Authors: Tanni Fahmina , Akker Eleonora , Zaman Muhammad M. , Figueroa Nilka , Tharian Biju , Hupart Kenneth H.
Published: July 2020

Context

Early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and patient isolation are important for both individual patient care and disease containment. The diagnosis is confirmed by testing for the presence of nasopharyngeal viral RNA with a polymerase chain reaction assay, which has limited availability, variable turnaround time, and a high false-negative rate. The authors report that a rapid laboratory test, the eosinophil count, readily obtained from a routine complete blood cell count (CBC), may provide actionable clinical information to aid in the early recognition of COVID-19 in patients, as well as provide prognostic information.

Objective

To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of eosinopenia in COVID-19–positive patients.

Methods

The eosinophil results of routine CBC from the first 50 admitted COVID-19–positive patients were compared with the eosinophil results of 50 patients with confirmed influenza infection at the time of presentation to the emergency department at Coney Island Hospital in Brooklyn, New York. The number of patients with 0 eosinophils on the day of presentation was also compared between the 2 groups. Furthermore, the eosinophil counts in the 50 COVID-19 patients were reviewed for the first 5 days of their hospital stay and before discharge, along with the outcome (deceased vs discharged), and trends in eosinophil data were compared based on the outcome.

Results

On the day of presentation, 30 patients in the COVID-19 group (60%) and 8 patients in the influenza group (16%) had an eosinophil count of 0. An additional 14 patients in the COVID-19 group had 0 eosinophils during the following 2 days; the total number of patients in the COVID-19 group who had 0 eosinophils on admission or during the ensuing 2 days was 44 (88%). In addition, 18 of 21 (86%) deceased patients in the COVID-19 group who initially presented with eosinopenia remained eosinopenic compared with 13 of 26 (50%) survivors.

Conclusion

The absence of an eosinophil count in a CBC can aid in early diagnosis of COVID-19. It may be a useful tool in deciding whether to promptly isolate a patient and initiate specific therapies while waiting for confirmatory test results. Persistent eosinopenia after admission correlated with high disease severity and low rates of recovery.
Review of the genus Loimia Malmgren, 1866 (Annelida, Terebellidae) from China seas with recognition of two new species based on integrative taxonomy
Authors: Wang Weina , Sui Jixing , Kou Qi , Li Xin-Zheng
Published: July 2020

Specimens of the genus Loimia (Annelida, Terebellidae) deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (MBMCAS) together with materials newly collected from China seas were examined. Based on morphological comparisons and molecular analysis, some specimens collected from the coasts of Shandong province and Guangxi province were confirmed as two new Loimia species respectively (Loimia borealis sp. n. and Loimia macrobranchia sp. n.). Morphologically, L. borealis sp. n. is distinguished from previously known species of this genus by having seven equal sized ventral shields, with length five times the width; this species was retrieved as sister to the clades of Loimia arborea Moore, 1903 and Loimia bandera Hutchings, 1990 in the phylogenetic tree, which was reconstructed based on mitochondrial COI gene. Loimia macrobranchia sp. n. differs from congeners by the large size of its first pair of branchiae with a thick main stem and about 18 dendritic branches arranged in two levels. A key to identifying Loimia species found in Chinese seas is given.
Light dependent courtship behavior inDrosophila simulansandD. melanogaster
Authors: Shahandeh Michael P. , Brock Cameryn , Turner Thomas L.
Published: July 2020

Differences in courtship signals and perception are well-known amongDrosophilaspecies. One such described difference is the dependency on light, and thus presumably vision, for copulation success. Many studies have described a difference in light-dependent copulation success betweenD. melanogasterandD. simulans, identifyingD. simulansas a light-dependent species, andD. melanogasteras a light-independent one. However, many of these studies use assays of varying design and few strains to represent the entire species. Here, we attempt to better characterize this purported difference using 11 strains of each species, paired by collection location, in behavioral assays conducted at two different exposure times. We show that, while there is a species-wide difference in magnitude of light-dependent copulation success,D. melanogastercopulation success is, on average, still impaired in the dark at both exposure times we measured. Additionally, there is significant variation in strain-specific ability to copulate in the dark in both species across two different exposure times. We find that this variation correlates strongly with longitude inD. melanogaster, but not inD. simulans. We hypothesize that differences in species history and demography may explain behavioral variation. Finally, we use courtship assays to show that light-dependent copulation success in oneD. simulansstrain is driven in part by both males and females. We discuss potential differences in courtship signals and/or signal importance between these species and potential for further comparative studies for functional characterization.
Lithium Iron Aluminum Nickelate, LiNixFeyAlzO2—New Sustainable Cathodes for Next‐Generation Cobalt‐Free Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Muralidharan Nitin , Essehli Rachid , Hermann Raphael P. , Amin Ruhul , Jafta Charl , Zhang Junjie , Liu Jue , Du Zhijia , Meyer Harry M. , Self Ethan , Nanda Jagjit , Belharouak Ilias
Published: July 2020

In recent years, cobalt has become a critical constraint on the supply chain of the Li‐ion battery industry. With the ever‐increasing projections for electric vehicles, the dependency of current Li‐ion batteries on the ever‐fluctuating cobalt prices poses serious environmental and sustainability issues. To address these challenges, a new class of cobalt‐free materials with general formula of LiNixFeyAlzO2 (x + y + z = 1), termed as the lithium iron aluminum nickelate (NFA) class of cathodes, is introduced. These cobalt‐free materials are synthesized using the sol–gel process to explore their compositional landscape by varying aluminum and iron. These NFA variants are characterized using electron microscopy, neutron and X‐ray diffraction, and Mössbauer and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate their morphological, physical, and crystal‐structure properties. Operando experiments by X‐ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and galvanostatic intermittent titration have been also used to study the crystallographic transitions, electrochemical activity, and Li‐ion diffusivity upon lithium removal and uptake in the NFA cathodes. NFA compositions yield specific capacities of ≈200 mAh g−1, demonstrating reasonable rate capability and cycling stability with ≈80% capacity retention after 100 charge/discharge cycles. While this is an early stage of research, the potential that these cathodes could have as viable candidates in next‐generation cobalt‐free lithium‐ion batteries is highlighted here.
Bioelectronics on Mammalian Collagen
Authors: Moreno Salvador , Keshtkar Javad , Rodriguez‐Davila Rodolfo Antonio , Bazaid Arwa , Ibrahim Hossam , Rodriguez Brian J. , Quevedo‐Lopez Manuel Angel , Minary‐Jolandan Majid
Published: July 2020

Collagen has emerged as an attractive bioelectronics substrate candidate, given its biological origins as a structural protein found in organisms. Substrates for implantable electronics should be biocompatible and have similar mechanical properties to implant target tissues. Furthermore, the characteristic amino acid sequences in collagen promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, all of which are advantageous when compared to commonly explored cellulose and silk. However, denaturation temperature and swelling in water/vacuum have been fundamental barriers to device fabrication on collagen. It is here described how these problems can be avoided for the fabrication of semiconductor devices on collagen. Transfer printing using a sacrificial layer of germanium oxide is used to fabricate capacitors, transistors, and an integrated inverter transistor circuits on the collagen substrate. The mobility and threshold voltage of the transistors on collagen show only ≈41% and ≈22% drop compared to the ones on rigid silicon substrate. The enzymatic digestion and swelling ratio of collagen can be decreased by 80% and 175%, respectively, via glutaraldehyde cross‐linking, while mechanical stiffness increases by more than 270%. This work demonstrates how collagen can be used as a bioelectronics substrate with tunable properties, thereby expanding its application range from transient to more permanent implantable electronics.
Benefits of continuous plow tillage to fragrant rice performance
Authors: Zhao Runmao , Luo Haowen , Wang Zhimin , Hu Lian
Published: July 2020

Tillage is one of the most important management practices in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. However, reports comparing fragrant rice performance under plow tillage vs. rotary tillage are scarce. Here we conducted a five‐season field experiment with a fragrant rice cultivar, Meixiangzhan‐2, to study the effects of continuous plow tillage on fragrant rice yield, quality, and grain concentration of 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP), compared with conventional rotary tillage. The results showed that after three cropping seasons of continuous plowing, compared with conventional rotary tillage, plow tillage not only significantly increased grain yield and affected panicle number per area by 2.98–11.43% and 4.45–18.81%, respectively, but also promoted grain 2‐AP concentration and protein content by 17.27–31.46% and 3.94–7.10%, respectively. Moreover, plow tillage decreased grain amylose content by 1.83–3.52%. Compared with conventional rotary tillage, continuous plow tillage also significantly increased dry matter weight of fragrant rice at maturity as well as total N, P, and K accumulation in plant tissues. Moreover, the net income of fragrant rice under plow tillage was US$114.05–526.85 higher than rotary tillage per hectare in the last three cropping seasons. In conclusion, continuous plow tillage enhances fragrant rice performance (yield, quality, aroma) relative to rotary tillage. Our results also improve the scientific database on effects of tillage on rice production.
Major complications of aspirin desensitization and maintenance therapy in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Sweis Auddie M. , Locke Tran B. , Ig‐Izevbekhai Kevin I. , Lin Theodore C. , Gleeson Patrick K. , Civantos Alyssa M. , Kumar Ankur , Corr Andrew M. , Kohanski Michael A. , Palmer James N. , Bosso John V. , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: July 2020

Background

Treatment of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) includes endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and aspirin desensitization (AD) with aspirin therapy after desensitization (ATAD). The objective of this study was to determine the rate of major complications associated with aspirin use that resulted in the discontinuation of aspirin therapy.

Methods

This study was a retrospective chart review of patients with AERD who underwent ESS, AD, and ATAD at a single AERD tertiary center between July 2016 and February 2019. Complications associated with aspirin that resulted in the discontinuation of aspirin therapy were analyzed via analysis of variance and logistic regression.

Results

In total, 109 AERD patients underwent ESS with subsequent AD. Ten patients (9.2%) discontinued therapy after AD, before starting ATAD. Eight patients (7.3%) discontinued therapy after starting ATAD. There were 91 patients (83.5%) with no complications throughout ATAD. Reasons for discontinuation included gastritis, upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed, anaphylaxis, persistent sinonasal symptoms, recurrent epistaxis, asthma exacerbation, and a nummular rash. There was no significant correlation between complication rate and (1) aspirin doses (analysis of variance [ANOVA] F: 0.69; p = 0.51), (2) gender (odds ratio [OR] 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 1.65; p = 0.30), (3) age (OR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.09; p = 0.06), or (4) race/ethnicity (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.44; p = 0.36).

Conclusion

AD with ATAD was associated with only a 0.92% incidence of a clinically significant GI bleed, and only a 0.92% incidence of anaphylaxis. A remaining 16 patients (14.7%) discontinued aspirin therapy due to minor clinical sequelae. These findings demonstrate that the majority of AERD patients tolerate AD with ATAD without any major complications.
Ein redoxaktives, heterobimetallisches N‐heterocyclisches Carben auf Basis eines Bis(imino)pyrazin‐Liganden
Authors: Regenauer Nicolas I. , Jänner Sven , Wadepohl Hubert , Roşca Dragoş‐Adrian
Published: July 2020

Ein neuartiger Vertreter der N‐heterocyclischen Carbene (NHC) konnte ausgehend von einem N‐methylierten Pyrazindiimin‐Eisenkomplex dargestellt werden. Dieser zeichnet sich durch seine Fähigkeit als starker π‐Akzeptor/σ‐Donor aus und ermöglicht die gleichzeitige Koordination zweier Metallzentren. Die Redoxaktivität des Systems konnte durch reversible chemische Oxidation einer heterobimetallischen Fe0/RhI‐Komplexverbindung gezeigt und das dabei entstehende ligandenzentrierte Radikalkation isoliert werden. In einem ersten Beispiel konnte dieser reversible Redoxprozess in der katalytischen Hydrosilylierung von 4,4′‐Difluorobenzophenon angewandt werden. Hierbei konnte die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit durch den Oxidationszustand des Katalysatorsystems reversibel moduliert werden. Das neue NHC agiert sowohl als starkes Elektrophil als auch als Nukleophil, was durch die reversible Aktivierung von Alkoholen und Aminen gezeigt werden konnte. Die elektronische Struktur der resultierenden Komplexe wurde mittels verschiedener spektroskopischer als auch quantenchemischer Methoden untersucht.
Chiral Cyclopentadienyl Ligands: Design, Syntheses, and Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Mas‐Roselló Josep , Herraiz Ana G. , Audic Benoît , Laverny Aragorn , Cramer Nicolai
Published: July 2020

The creation of new chiral ligands capable of providing high stereocontrol in metal‐catalyzed reactions is crucial in modern organic synthesis. The production of bioactive molecules as single enantiomers is increasingly required, and asymmetric catalysis with metal complexes constitutes one of the most efficient synthetic strategies to access optically active compounds. Herein we offer a historical overview on the development of chiral derivatives of the ubiquitous cyclopentadienyl ligand (CpX), and detail their successful application in a broad range of metal‐catalyzed transformations. Those include the functionalization of challenging C−H bonds and beyond, giving access to an extensive catalogue of valuable chiral molecules. A critical comparison of the existing ligand families, their design, synthesis, and complexation to different metals is also provided. In addition, future research directions are discussed to further enhance the performance and application of CpXligands in enantioselective catalysis.
A Redox‐Active Heterobimetallic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Based on a Bis(imino)pyrazine Ligand Scaffold
Authors: Regenauer Nicolas I. , Jänner Sven , Wadepohl Hubert , Roşca Dragoş‐Adrian
Published: July 2020

A new redox‐active N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) architecture is obtained using N‐methylated pyrazinediimine iron complexes as precursors. The new species exhibit strong π‐accepting/σ‐donating properties and are able to ligate two metal centres simultaneously. The redox activity was demonstrated by the reversible chemical oxidation of a heterobimetallic Fe0/RhI example, which affords an isolable ligand‐based radical cation. The reversible redox process was then applied in the catalytic hydrosilylation of 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone, where the reaction rate could be reversibly controlled as a function of the catalyst oxidation state. The new NHC exhibits high electrophilicity and nucleophilicity, which was demonstrated in the reversible activation of alcohols and amines. The electronic structure of the resulting complexes was investigated through various spectroscopic and computational methods.
Electromagnetic Nanomedicines for Combinational Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jingchao , Luo Yu , Pu Kanyi
Published: July 2020

Immunotherapy that harnesses the power of the immune system to eliminate malignant cells has offered an effective approach for cancer treatment. However, limited patient response rates and potential immune‐related adverse events exist as two major issues for cancer immunotherapy. In parallel, a variety of electromagnetic nanomaterials that generate heat and/or reactive oxygen species triggered by electromagnetic energy have been applied for magnetic hyperthermia therapy, sonodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiotherapy, which have the ability to induce immunogenic cell death. This review summarizes the recent development of electromagnetic nanomedicines in combinational cancer immunotherapy. The mechanisms of electromagnetic nanomedicines in reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and sensitizing tumors for cancer immunotherapy are highlighted. Furthermore, potential challenges and perspectives of electromagnetic nanomedicines for combinational cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
Understanding the metabolic perturbations in Carica papaya Linn. due to different ripening practices/agents using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry based metabolomics
Authors: Ganneru Sireesha , Shaik Hussain , Peddi Kiranmayi , Mudiam Mohana Krishna Reddy
Published: July 2020

The study of fruit‐ripening mechanism is vital as it plays a key role in the maintenance of fruit quality. Use of various xenobiotics for quick ripening has been shown to impact the quality of fruit, which in turn affect human health. In the present study, we made an attempt to understand the metabolic perturbations in Carica papaya Linn. (papaya), which has been ripened either by the ripening practice (room temperature process as control) and/or ripening agents (calcium carbide and ethylene) using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) based metabolomics. The partial least squares‐discriminant analysis has revealed significant alternations in 13 metabolites mainly sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and organic acids as well as disturbances in five metabolic pathways due to different ripening practice/agents. The individual comparison of calcium carbide with control and ethylene with control has found 13 and 11 metabolites, respectively, which are common to the PLS‐DA of three ripening groups. The GC‐MS–based metabolomics has been able to predict the metabolic perturbations in papaya resulting from the ripening practice/agents. The findings from the present analysis has a wide application in food quality and will help to address safety concerns.