bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two morphologically distinct groups of the Calypogeia fissa complex were found in Europe
Authors: Buczkowska Katarzyna , Sawicki Jakub , Szczecińska Monika , Rosadziński Stanisław , Rabska Mariola , Bączkiewicz Alina
Published: February 2012

Two morphologically distinct groups of the Calypogeia fissa complex were found in Europe

Two genetically distinct groups (PS and PB) detected previously within the C. fissa complex in Europe were studied with respect to 47 morphometric characters. The two examined groups differed statistically significantly with respect to 34 morphological traits. The forward stepwise method of discriminant analysis showed that the set of diagnostic characters could be limited to nine. The best diagnostic features were morphological characters describing the shape of leaf: length and width of leaf, height of dorsal part and distance from the apex to the ventral base of the leaf, length of the 3rd coordinate of the leaf, and underleaf width as well as characters of the stem: length of internodes and size of internode cells. Plants of the PS group were smaller (shoot width range from 922-1780 μm) than plants of the PB group (1600-3900 μm). Based on genetically identified samples, classification functions for each group were computed and the derived functions were used for the classification of samples from the herbarium collections. The principal component analysis and dendrogram constructed on the basis of Euclidean distance, using the set of diagnostic characters, divided the examined samples into two groups that correlated with groups detected by isozyme markers. Results of multivariable analysis showed that it is possible to satisfactorily characterise morphologically both genetically distinct groups of the C. fissa complex.
Oenothera oehlkersii Kappus ex Rostański - a new evening-primrose species in Polish flora
Authors: Wolanin Mateusz , Woźniak Monika
Published: February 2012

Oenothera oehlkersii Kappus ex Rostański - a new evening-primrose species in Polish flora

Oenothera oehlkersii Kappus ex Rostański - a new species of Polish flora - was found on the Przemyśl Foothills. The species is a hybrid between Oe. glazioviana Micheli in Mart. and Oe. suaveolens Desf. ex Pers. In this paper, authors present some features useful in recognizing the parental species and the hybrid one.
Long-term changes and maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman population in the Wodąca Valley (the Cracow-Częstochowa Upland)
Authors: Wika Stanisław , Barć Alicja
Published: February 2012

Long-term changes and maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman population in the Wodąca Valley (the Cracow-Częstochowa Upland)

The Cracow-Częstochowa Upland is an important mesoregion for the maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman and its habitat with the Phyllitido-Aceretum Moor 1952 association. Studies in the Wodąca Valley focused on: the determination of the actual numerical force and quantitative changes in hart's-tongue resources between 1999 and 2009, a comparison of these results with literature, as well as on the indication of appropriate solutions for conservation purposes and for tourist exploitation of the Jurassic outcrops. Results of these studies provide scientific arguments for the maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium in the Wodąca Valley, on the edge of its European range.
Xerothermic grasslands of Pilica surroundings - diversity, threats and directions of changes
Authors: Babczyńska-Sendek Beata , Kloczkowska Agata , Błońska Agnieszka
Published: February 2012

Xerothermic grasslands of Pilica surroundings - diversity, threats and directions of changes

Xerothermic grasslands from three stands in the surroundings of the town of Pilica in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland were investigated. It was ascertained that they represent two phytosociological units: Adonido-Brachypodietum (with two variants) and Silene otites-Thymus austriacus community. Moreover, phytocoenoses with a high contribution of xerothermic plants (Thymus-Anthyllis vulneraria community) were found in some places on the abandoned fields. On the basis of the comparison of new data and old phytosociological relevés, only slight changes over 30 years were observed. The differences concerned mostly the coverage of particular species. However, some plants disappeared and other were new (e.g. seedlings of trees and shrubs). Generally, these species were not too frequent and had inconsiderable cover. The changes which occurred manifested themselves also in the differences of mean values of some ecological indicators and in the increase of competitors, as well as clonal species.
Modelling the Choice of Optimal Structural Business Process Model in a Telecommunications Company
Authors: Korzachenko Olga , Getman Vadim
Published: February 2012

Modelling the Choice of Optimal Structural Business Process Model in a Telecommunications Company

This paper considers the problem of optimal structural business process model choice in a telecommunications company using mathematical methods and mathematical model construction. For modelling this problem a hierarchical structure is proposed due to a number of advantages. The paper offers a modified Analytic Hierarchy Process method to solve the given problem that leads to gaining adequate results. The paper discusses the results of modelling and gives recommendations how to increase the efficiency of telecommunications company activity. The recommendations are based on the model calculations obtained.
Matrix Neuro-Fuzzy Self-Organizing Clustering Network
Authors: Bodyanskiy Yevgeniy , Volkova Valentyna , Skuratov Mark
Published: February 2012

Matrix Neuro-Fuzzy Self-Organizing Clustering Network

In this article the problem of clustering massive data sets, which are represented in the matrix form, is considered. The article represents the 2-D self-organizing Kohonen map and its self-learning algorithms based on the winner-take-all (WTA) and winner-take-more (WTM) rules with Gaussian and Epanechnikov functions as the fuzzy membership functions, and without the winner. The fuzzy inference for processing data with overlapping classes in a neural network is introduced. It allows one to estimate membership levels for every sample to every class. This network is the generalization of a vector neuro- and neuro-fuzzy Kohonen network and allows for data processing as they are fed in the on-line mode.
Impact of Antibody Panel Size on Classification Accuracy
Authors: Polaka Inese , Borisov Arkady
Published: February 2012

Impact of Antibody Panel Size on Classification Accuracy

This paper experimentally studies the influence of antibody panel size reduction on classification results. The presented study includes four classification methods and five feature evaluators that are applied to five different biomedical data sets with large dimensionality (1200 features). The behaviour of the classifiers in these data sets is examined to reveal overall trends of dimensionality reduction impact on classification accuracy.
Construction of Equity Portfolio on the Basis of Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Authors: Arshinova Tatyana
Published: February 2012

Construction of Equity Portfolio on the Basis of Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

The research focus of the scientific paper is on the problem of equity portfolio construction. The author recommends applying frontier analysis technique such as Data Envelopment Analysis to the performance measurement of emitters. Using modern computer technologies, the author has calculated efficiency score of twenty Baltic companies which are quoted at NASDAQ OMX Riga and NASDAQ OMX Tallinn stock exchanges on the basis of DEA CCR approach and elaborated proposals for effective asset allocation.
A numerical method for solving the horizontal resection problem in Surveying
Authors: Dekov D.
Published: February 2012

A numerical method for solving the horizontal resection problem in Surveying

The three-point resection problem, i.e., the problem of obtaining the position of an unknown point from relative angular measurements to three known stations is a basic operation in surveying engineering. In the last centuries, a number of approaches to solve this problem have been developed. In this note, a new numerical approach to solve this problem is presented. The method uses only basic formulae from coordinate geometry. We present also numerical simulations that show the good performance and accuracy of this approach.
Foliar epidermis morphology in Quercus (subgenus Quercus, section Quercus) in Iran
Authors: Panahi Parisa , Jamzad Ziba , Pourmajidian Mohammad , Fallah Asghar , Pourhashemi Mehdi
Published: February 2012

Foliar epidermis morphology inQuercus(subgenusQuercus, sectionQuercus) in Iran

The foliar morphology of trichomes, epicuticular waxes and stomata inQuercus cedrorum, Q. infectoriasubsp.boissieri, Q. komarovii, Q. longipes, Q. macranthera, Q. petraeasubsp.ibericaandQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflorawere studied by scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes are mainly present on abaxial leaf surface in most species, but rarely they appear on adaxial surface. Five trichome types are identified as simple uniseriate, bulbous, solitary, fasciculate and stellate. The stomata of all studied species are of the anomocytic type, raised on the epidermis. The stomata rim may or may not be covered with epicuticular. The epicuticular waxes are mostly of the crystalloid type but smooth layer wax is observed inQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflora.Statistical analysis revealed foliar micromorphological features as been diagnostic characters inQuercus.
Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro
Authors: Kasom Gordana , Karadelev Mitko
Published: February 2012

The paper shows that there are 84 known species of the family Russulaceae in Montenegro, 39 of them belonging to the genus Lactarius and 45 to the genus Russula.
Southeastern-Alpine endemic Leontodon hispidus subsp. brumatii (Cichoriaceae) in the Sava valley (central Slovenia)
Authors: Dakskobler Igor , Seliškar Andrej , Vreš Branko
Published: February 2012

Southeastern-Alpine endemicLeontodon hispidussubsp.brumatii(Cichoriaceae) in the Sava valley (central Slovenia)

In the spring and summer of 2010 a number of new localities of the southeastern-Alpine endemicLeontodon hispidussubsp.brumatiiwere found on temporarily flooded riparian rocks in the gorge of the Sava River between the village of Sava and Zidani Most (central Slovenia). The species has so far been known only in northeastern Italy and western Slovenia (the Soča valley). In order to obtain more specific information its sites were studied phytosociologically and the communities in which it grows in the Sava and the Soča valleys compared. Two new associations were described on the basis of these comparisons:Triseto argentei-Leontodontetum brumatiiass. nov. andLeontodonti brumatii-Seslerietum calcariaeass. nov. As this endemic taxon and its endemic communities are a characteristic of riparian flora and vegetation of some Slovenian mountain rivers and as its localities in the Sava valley are explicitly disjunct and the southeastern-most in the entire known distribution area, they deserve to be studied and protected.
Protein glycosylation in sugar beet cell line can be influenced by DNA hyper- and hypomethylating agents
Authors: Pavoković Dubravko , Krsnik-Rasol Marijana
Published: February 2012

Protein glycosylation in sugar beet cell line can be influenced by DNA hyper- and hypomethylating agents

Protein glycosylation is a co- and post-translational modification that influences protein function, stability and localization. Changes in glycoprotein pattern during differentiation/dedifferentiation events exist in animal cells and DNA methylation status is closely related to the changes. However, in plant cells this relationship is not yet established. In order to verify whether such a relation exists, hypermethylating drugs 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and hydroxyurea, or hypomethylating drug 5-azacytozine were applied to sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) cells during 14 days of in vitro subculture, and the glycoprotein patterns of the cells were compared. The applied drugs were not toxic, as observed from cell phenotype and by measuring growth of the control and treated cells. Hyper and hypomethylating treatments influenced the activity of enzymes related to differentiation state of the cells: peroxidases and esterases, and their isoform patterns. Electrophoretic patterns of soluble and membrane proteins were similar between control and treatments, but the treatments modified N- and O-linked glycoprotein patterns as visible from GNA and PNA lectin blots. This suggested that hypermethylation and hypomethylation of genomic DNA in sugar beet cells affect protein glycosylation patterns and cellular metabolism, possibly in a mechanism similar to that existing in animal cells.
Fungal associations in gametophytes and young sporophytic roots of the fern Nephrolepis exaltata
Authors: Muthukumar Thangavelu , Prabha Kandasamy
Published: February 2012

Fungal associations in gametophytes and young sporophytic roots of the fernNephrolepis exaltata

Information is limited on the presence of endophytic fungal associations in green gametophytes and young sporophytes of extant ferns. Nothing is known about their presence in Polypodiales, the largest order among extant ferns. We screened chlorophyllous gametophytes and young sporophytes ofNephrolepis exaltata(L.) Schott., (Lomariopsidaceae, Polypodiales) growing naturally on soil, brick and coir for the presence of fungal endophytes. Gametophytes and young sporophytes growing on different substrates were invariably colonized by septate endophytic fungi. Hyaline or brown, regularly septate, inter- or intracellular hyphae with moniliform cells or microsclerotia characterized septate endophytic fungi. However, only the roots of young sporophytes growing on soil and bricks harboured arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The AM morphology conformed to the intermediate type with intracellular hyphal coils, arbusculate coils and intercellular hyphae. No AM fungal spores could be retrieved from the soil on which gametophytes and young sporophytes were growing. The observations in this study support the idea that the septate fungal endophytes could confer an ecological advantage on colonized individuals, especially on nutrient deficient substrates.
Effect of supplemental Ca2+ on NaCl-stressed castor plants (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Joshi Seema , Patel Neha , Pandey Indu , Pandey Amar
Published: February 2012

Effect of supplemental Ca2+on NaCl-stressed castor plants (Ricinus communisL.)

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effects of supplemental Ca2+in salinised soil on germination and plant growth response of castor plant (Ricinus communisL. Var. Avani-31, Euphorbiaceae). NaCl amounting to 390 g was thoroughly mixed with soil of seven lots, of 100 kg each, to give electrical conductivity of 4.1 dS m-1. Further, Ca(NO3)2x 4H20 to the quantity of 97.5, 195, 292.5, 390, 487.5, and 585 g was separately mixed with soil of six lots to give 1:0.25, 1:0.50, 1:0.75, 1:1, 1:1.25, and 1:1.50 Na+/Ca2+ratios, respectively. The soil of the seventh lot contained only NaCl and its Na+/Ca2+ratio was 1:0. Soil without addition of NaCl and Ca (NO3)2x 4H20 served as control, with a 0:0 Na+/Ca2+ratio. Salinity significantly retarded seed germination and plant growth, but the deleterious effects of NaCl on seed germination were ameliorated and plant growth was restored with Ca2+supply at the critical level (1:0.25 Na+/Ca2+ratio) to salinised soil. Supply of Ca2+above the critical level further retarded seed germination and plant growth due to the increased soil salinity. Salt stress reduced N, P, K+and Ca2+content in plant tissues, but these nutrients were restored by addition of Ca2+at the critical level to saline soil. In contrast, Na+content in plant tissues significantly increased in response to salinity, but significantly decreased with increasing Ca2+supply to saline soil. The results are discussed in terms of the beneficial effects of Ca2+supply on the plant growth ofRicinus communisgrown under saline conditions.
Optimizing Motion Planning for Hyper Dynamic Manipulator
Authors: Aboura Souhila , Omari Abdelhafid , Meguenni Kadda
Published: February 2012

Optimizing Motion Planning for Hyper Dynamic Manipulator

This paper investigates the optimal motion planning for an hyper dynamic manipulator. As case study, we consider a golf swing robot which is consisting with two actuated joint and a mechanical stoppers. Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique is proposed to solve the optimal golf swing motion which is generated by Fourier series approximation. The objective function for GA approach is to minimizing the intermediate and final state, minimizing the robot's energy consummation and maximizing the robot's speed. Obtained simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Effects of a Proximal or Distal Tibiofibular Joint Manipulation on Ankle Range of Motion and Functional Outcomes in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Beazell James R. , Grindstaff Terry L. , Sauer Lindsay D. , Magrum Eric M. , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Hertel Jay
Published: February 2012

Study Design

Randomized clinical trial.

Objectives

To determine whether manipulation of the proximal or distal tibiofibular joint would change ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and functional outcomes over a 3-week period in individuals with chronic ankle instability.

Background

Altered joint arthrokinematics may play a role in chronic ankle instability dysfunction. Joint mobilization or manipulation may offer the ability to restore normal joint arthrokinematics and improve function.

Methods

Forty-three participants (mean ± SD age, 25.6 ± 7.6 years; height, 174.3 ± 10.2 cm; mass, 74.6 ± 16.7 kg) with chronic ankle instability were randomized to proximal tibiofibular joint manipulation, distal tibiofibular joint manipulation, or a control group. Outcome measures included ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, the single-limb stance on foam component of the Balance Error Scoring System, the step-down test, and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure sports subscale. Measurements were obtained prior to the intervention (before day 1) and following the intervention (on days 1, 7, 14, and 21).

Results

There was no significant change in dorsiflexion between groups across time. When groups were pooled, there was a significant increase (P<.001) in dorsiflexion at each postintervention time interval. No differences were found among the Balance Error Scoring System foam, step-down test, and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure sports subscale scores.

Conclusions

The use of a proximal or distal tibiofibular joint manipulation in isolation did not enhance outcome effects beyond those of the control group. Collectively, all groups demonstrated increases in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion over the 3-week intervention period. These increases might have been due to practice effects associated with repeated testing.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 2b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):125–134. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3729
Knowledge of and attitudes to Occupational Health & Safety among tutors of a Vocational Training Institute (IIEK) in Greece: A pilot study.
Authors: Bibila Stavroula
Published: February 2012

This study aimed to develop two instruments, one for measuring knowledge of Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) and one for measuring attitudes to OHS, to examine differences in knowledge and attitudes among tutors teaching at a private vocational training institute in Greece (IIEK) and to identify significant predictors of OHS knowledge.For the 9-item knowledge scale developed, a K–R 20 of 0.60 was generated while for the 9-item attitude scale a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.71 was generated. A cross-sectional, comparative research design was followed and the population (N=71) was stratified into “vocational area of expertise” groups. A proportional stratified random sampling strategy was used.  It was found that, for the sampled tutors (n=31), “hours of OHS training” was the sole significant predictor of OHS knowledge contributing for 76% of the explained variance.  No significant contributions to OHS knowledge were made by “vocational area of expertise”, “years of teaching experience” and “attitudes to OHS”. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5341 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012) 15-25
YouTube as a Source of Information on Confined Space Safety
Authors: Brad Muise A , Freeman Brad , Blair Earl
Published: February 2012

Safety professionals looking for information on confined space safety often use the Internet as a resource. YouTube is a popular website that may be used to supplement safety training or as a source of information pertaining to Confined Spaces (CS).  YouTube was examined as a source of information on CS safety. YouTube was queried using key phrases “confined space,” “confined space entry,” and “confined space rescue.” Two safety experts reviewed each video and assigned scores for accuracy and view-ability. Of the 220 videos screened, 48 were found to have relevant information about CS safety and were selected for inclusion in the study. Approximately 70.8% of the videos were rated as inaccurate and 87.5% were rated as offering little value. Results of our study suggest that YouTube may currently be an inadequate source of information on CS safety. Safety professionals should verify YouTube video content against trusted agencies such as OSHA before using them as a resource for CS information.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5626International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012) 39-42
Editorial
Authors: Gangopadhyay Somnath
Published: February 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5916 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012) 1
Bias During the Evaluation of Animal Studies?
Authors: Knight Andrew
Published: February 2012

My recent book entitled The Costs and Benefits of Animal Experiments seeks to answer a key question within animal ethics, namely: is animal experimentation ethically justifiable? Or, more precisely, is it justifiable within the utilitarian cost:benefit framework that fundamentally underpins most regulations governing animal experimentation? To answer this question I reviewed more than 500 scientific publications describing animal studies, animal welfare impacts, and alternative research, toxicity testing and educational methodologies. To minimise bias I focused primarily on large-scale systematic reviews that had examined the human clinical and toxicological utility of animal studies. Despite this, Dr. Susanne Prankel recently reviewed my book in this journal, essentially accusing me of bias. However, she failed to provide any substantive evidence to refute my conclusions, let alone evidence of similar weight to that on which they are based. Those conclusions are, in fact, firmly based on utilitarian ethical reasoning, informed by scientific evidence of considerable strength, and I believe they are robust.
Prevalence of Smoking and Related Risk Factors among Physical Education and Sports School Students at Istanbul University
Authors: Ulus Tümer , Yurtseven Eray , Donuk Bilge
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate smoking prevalence and factors associated with smoking among students at the Physical Education and Sports School of Istanbul University. A cross-sectional study was performed on total of 373 students who have been continuing their education at the school from February to March 2011. A total of 166 responders were male (44.5%) and 207 responders were female (55.5%) out of 373 participants. Of the 373 students, 94 (25.2%) were current smokers and the average age for beginning smoking was 18.03 ± 2.6 (min: 12–max: 30). In this study, we found that the smoking prevalence associated with some variables such as age place of residence, mother’s education, father’s education, cigarette or tobacco use in the living place, knowledge status of students about their teacher’s smoking habits and alcohol consumption (p ≤ 0.05). These findings suggest that the students, who will train the sportspeople of the future, and should be considered a role model of healthy behavior in society. Consequently, we believe that sports school students should take an active role in providing health education programs to increase their awareness about the detrimental effects of smoking and to extensively quit smoking in public.
Development of an Integrated Chip for Automatic Tracking and Positioning Manipulation for Single Cell Lysis
Authors: Young Chao-Wang , Hsieh Jia-Ling , Ay Chyung
Published: February 2012

This study adopted a microelectromechanical fabrication process to design a chip integrated with electroosmotic flow and dielectrophoresis force for single cell lysis. Human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells were driven rapidly by electroosmotic flow and precisely moved to a specific area for cell lysis. By varying the frequency of AC power, 15 V AC at 1 MHz of frequency configuration achieved 100% cell lysing at the specific area. The integrated chip could successfully manipulate single cells to a specific position and lysis. The overall successful rate of cell tracking, positioning, and cell lysis is 80%. The average speed of cell driving was 17.74 μm/s. This technique will be developed for DNA extraction in biomolecular detection. It can simplify pre-treatment procedures for biotechnological analysis of samples.
Electrochemical L-Lactic Acid Sensor Based on Immobilized ZnO Nanorods with Lactate Oxidase
Authors: Ibupoto Zafar Hussain , Shah Syed Muhammad Usman Ali , Khun Kimleang , Willander Magnus
Published: February 2012

In this work, fabrication of gold coated glass substrate, growth of ZnO nanorods and potentiometric response of lactic acid are explained. The biosensor was developed by immobilizing the lactate oxidase on the ZnO nanorods in combination with glutaraldehyde as a cross linker for lactate oxidase enzyme. The potentiometric technique was applied for the measuring the output (EMF) response of L-lactic acid biosensor. We noticed that the present biosensor has wide linear detection range of concentration from 1 × 10−4–1 × 100 mM with acceptable sensitivity about 41.33 ± 1.58 mV/decade. In addition, the proposed biosensor showed fast response time less than 10 s, a good selectivity towards L-lactic acid in presence of common interfering substances such as ascorbic acid, urea, glucose, galactose, magnesium ions and calcium ions. The present biosensor based on immobilized ZnO nanorods with lactate oxidase sustained its stability for more than three weeks.
Localization of Non-Linearly Modeled Autonomous Mobile Robots Using Out-of-Sequence Measurements
Authors: Besada-Portas Eva , Lopez-Orozco Jose A. , Lanillos Pablo , De la Cruz Jesus M.
Published: February 2012

This paper presents a state of the art of the estimation algorithms dealing with Out-of-Sequence (OOS) measurements for non-linearly modeled systems. The state of the art includes a critical analysis of the algorithm properties that takes into account the applicability of these techniques to autonomous mobile robot navigation based on the fusion of the measurements provided, delayed and OOS, by multiple sensors. Besides, it shows a representative example of the use of one of the most computationally efficient approaches in the localization module of the control software of a real robot (which has non-linear dynamics, and linear and non-linear sensors) and compares its performance against other approaches. The simulated results obtained with the selected OOS algorithm shows the computational requirements that each sensor of the robot imposes to it. The real experiments show how the inclusion of the selected OOS algorithm in the control software lets the robot successfully navigate in spite of receiving many OOS measurements. Finally, the comparison highlights that not only is the selected OOS algorithm among the best performing ones of the comparison, but it also has the lowest computational and memory cost.
Differential pollinator effectiveness and importance in a milkweed (Asclepias, Apocynaceae) hybrid zone
Authors: Stoepler Teresa M. , Edge Andrea , Steel Anna , O'Quinn Robin L. , Fishbein Mark
Published: February 2012

•Premise of the study:Exceptions to the ideal of complete reproductive isolation between species are commonly encountered in diverse plant, animal, and fungal groups, but often the causative ecological processes are poorly understood. In flowering plants, the outcome of hybridization depends in part on the effectiveness of pollinators in interspecific pollen transport. In theAsclepias exaltataandA. syriaca(Apocynaceae) hybrid zone in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, extensive introgression has been documented. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the extent of pollinator overlap amongA. exaltata,A. syriaca, and their hybrids and (2) identify the insect taxa responsible for hybridization and introgression.

•Methods:We observed focal plants of parental species and hybrids to measure visitation rate, visit duration, and per‐visit pollinia removal and deposition, and we calculated pollinator effectiveness and importance.

•Key results:Visitation rates varied significantly between the 2 yr of the study. Overall,Apis mellifera,Bombussp., andEpargyreus claruswere the most important pollinators. However,Bombussp. was the only visitor that was observed to both remove and insert pollinia for both parent species as well as hybrids.

•Conclusions:We conclude thatBombusmay be a key agent of hybridization and introgression in these sympatric milkweed populations, and hybrids are neither preferred nor selected against by pollinators. Thus, we have identified a potential mechanism for how hybrids act as bridges to gene flow betweenA. exaltataandA. syriaca. These results provide insights into the breakdown of prezygotic isolating mechanisms.
Microsatellite markers for the relictual dove tree, Davidia involucrata (Cornaceae)
Authors: Tao Chengcheng , Yang Zhenyan , Lu Ranran , Liu Tao , Chen Shaotian , Ji Yunheng
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for the dove tree, Davidia involucrata (Cornaceae), a Tertiary relict currently endemic to China, to investigate its population genetics and phylogeography.

• Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol, nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and screened in 44 individuals from three wild populations of D. involucrata. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to three, while the observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.0000 to 0.6000 and from 0.0000 to 0.6323, respectively.

• Conclusions: These new microsatellite loci will facilitate further studies of the population genetics and phylogeography of D. involucrata, as well as of the evolutionary history of the plant and other Tertiary relicts endemic to East Asia.
Microsatellite loci for Gossypium davidsonii (Malvaceae) and other D‐genome, Sonoran Desert endemic cotton species
Authors: Kuester Adam P. , Nason John D.
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers previously developed for domesticated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum; tetraploid) were screened for their utility in investigating genetic structure and gene flow within G. davidsonii and five other wild, Mexican, D‐genome cotton species (all diploid).

• Methods and Results: We screened 50 microsatellite primer pairs from the Cotton Marker Database, identifying 10 loci as polymorphic within G. davidsonii. In genotyping approximately 200 individuals from four populations, we found that the number of alleles per locus ranged from seven to 17, and mean observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.145 to 0.492 and from 0.436 to 0.734, respectively. We genotyped six to 20 individuals from each of the remaining species, finding these 10 loci to cross‐amplify in all cases and in most cases to be polymorphic.

• Conclusions: These markers may be useful for further investigation of population genetics of G. davidsonii and other wild D‐genome cotton species.
Development of microsatellite markers in Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Croft Genevieve K. , Schaal Barbara A.
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: We developed and characterized microsatellite markers for Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae), a widely distributed neotropical fruit tree.

• Methods and Results: Eight polymorphic and two monomorphic microsatellite loci were identified and screened in 60 samples from four geographically disparate populations (Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, and Panama). Each locus exhibited between two and 11 alleles. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.839. All loci amplify in the congeners B. variabilis and B. basiloba, four amplify in B. bucidaefolia, and seven amplify in B. variabilis, although levels of polymorphism have not been assessed.

• Conclusions: These loci will provide novel tools for comparing genetic diversity present in cultivated and noncultivated populations of B. crassifolia throughout its range, and may prove valuable in related species.
Pill Burden in HIV Infection: 20 Years of Experience
Authors: Krentz Hartmut B , Cosman Ian , Lee Kathy , Ming Jinell Mah , Gill M John
Published: February 2012

Background

New antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and improved formulations and coformulations of existing ARVs are actively promoted to diminish a patient's pill burden and to minimise the opportunity for mismatched dosing, although the effect of these advances is poorly understood. We determine how these changes affect the total daily pill burden (TDPB) for ARV and other drug use over a 20-year period.

Methods

Using our in-house pharmacy database, we calculated the daily number and associated pill burden of oral ARV and non-ARV (prescription and over-the-counter) medications taken by every patient within the Southern Alberta Cohort (SAC) between 1990 and 2010. We compared the mean TDPB with the patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Results

Mean TDPB for ARV-experienced patients increased from 4.9 in 1990 to 12.1 in 1998 but decreased to 6.7 in 2010. By 2010, new ARVs and newer formulations had decreased ARV pill burden by 50% over five years. In 1990, however, 95% of the TDPB consisted of ARVs but by 2010 it fell to 51% as non-ARV daily drugs increased from 0.2 in 1990 to 2.6 in 2010. Variation in TDPB was attributable to four main factors: patient's age, risk factor, nadir CD4+ T-cell count and duration of known HIV infection.

Conclusions

While new ARV formulations and coformulations have simplified regimens, this reduction in ARV pill burden has been counterbalanced by increases in non-ARV drugs required for managing comorbidities. Discussions on merits of coformulations in decreasing ARV pill burden need to include the non-ARV pill burden.
La morale de l'urgence sociale. Une enquête au Samu social de Paris
Authors: Gardella Edouard , Cefaï Daniel
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’assistance aux personnes dites « sans domicile fixe » s’est institutionnalisée depuis les années 1980 sous le mot d’ordre de l’« urgence sociale ». Cette politique publique, inspirée de l’action humanitaire, est souvent critiquée pour avoir mis en place une « politique de la pitié ». Une enquête ethnographique auprès des maraudes du Samu social de Paris montre la complexité des sentiments moraux qui animent ce type d’assistance à la rue : la compassion y prend un sens de sollicitude et de reconnaissance, dans l’horizon de l’accès aux droits.
Cette année encore, l'hiver reviendra au mois de décembre...
Authors: Tuleu Fabien
Published: February 2012

Résumé Dans cet article, l’auteur analyse plus de vingt ans de pratiques professionnelles dans le champ de l’urgence sociale héritière d’un « transfert analogique » du secteur médical. Les questions abordées portent sur les fondements politiques de l’urgence, ses limites du point de vue clinique et la mise en perspective de deux scénarios pour les pratiques professionnelles. L’auteur avance l’hypothèse que l’urgence sociale traitée annuellement par des plans successifs voile les symptômes d’une crise plus profonde de la solidarité et du logement social.
État d'urgence pour l'urgence sociale
Authors: Garcia Bruno
Published: February 2012

Résumé Le secteur de l’urgence sociale traverse actuellement une crise profonde, qui se traduit par une forte diminution des possibilités d’accueil et d’hébergement des personnes en détresse et sans abri. Les causes en sont multiples : augmentation des besoins et des demandes d’hébergement d’urgence, places d’hébergement qui restent occupées plus longtemps et mise en œuvre de la politique du « Logement d’abord » au détriment du secteur de l’urgence.
Des enfants dans l'urgence
Authors: Pinquier Anne , Vignes Michel
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’augmentation récente et continue de la fréquentation des services d’urgence, que ces urgences soient psychiatriques ou non, est un phénomène médical autant que sociétal. Néanmoins, les pratiques diffèrent quelque peu selon qu’il s’agit d’adultes ou d’enfants. Elles sont largement influencées par les caractéristiques sociodémographiques de la population et par les dispositifs de soins ou de prévention existants. À l’Hôpital des enfants de Toulouse, l’équipe mobile de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent qui est en charge des urgences psychiatriques depuis 1999 a tenté de limiter l’augmentation du nombre des passages et s’efforce de transformer ce qui pourrait apparaître comme un recours ultime dans une situation de crise dépassée en un temps de rencontre, d’écoute, de reprise des liens psychiques. Tout cela dans un environnement propice à la régression, grâce à la médiation corporelle, mais soumis lui-même à des tensions et menacé, comme ses jeunes patients, de débordement périodique.
Le temps d'un placement...
Authors: Moore Elena Garrido , Personnaz Anne
Published: February 2012

Résumé Le placement en urgence d’un mineur vient rompre des continuités et questionne le temps individuel. Le cdef propose, pour ces jeunes et leur famille, à la fois dans l’urgence et dans un temps décalé, un espace transitionnel permettant l’évaluation et la possibilité de la rencontre.
La fabrique de l'intravail
Authors: Castejon Christine
Published: February 2012

Résumé On ne trouvera pas de dirigeant pour dire qu’il a fait de l’urgence permanente son mode de management. Or l’urgence est bel et bien un mode de management comme l’état d’urgence est un mode de gouvernement. Elle suspend tout ce qui n’est pas la stricte mobilisation autour d’un objectif ou d’une cible. Mais elle nous dépossède de l’arbitrage dans nos priorités, qui est à la fois un droit élémentaire et une condition de notre efficacité. Il n’y a pas de baguette magique pour sortir de la spirale : à chacun de faire barrage.
Le tonneau des Danaïdes... l'urgence nécessaire et sans fin
Authors: Roche Jean-François
Published: February 2012

Résumé Les situations d’urgence comportementale sont au carrefour des impuissances des systèmes éducatifs, de protection de l’enfance et de soins ; ces situations sont des agents de destruction tant des psychismes individuels que des structures de prise en charge ; les réponses possibles ne sont pas dans l’urgence mais dans la durée, la continuité et l’authentique multidisciplinarité.
L'adaptation socio-affective des enfants de 2 à 6 ans en situation de précarité : le rôle de l'engagement paternel
Authors: Kettani Myriam , Troupel Olivia , Pinel-Jacquemin Stéphanie
Published: February 2012

Résumé Cette recherche examine l’adaptation socio-affective des enfants de 2 à 6 ans en situation de précarité en accordant une place particulière à l’engagement, au stress et au sentiment de compétence paternels. 200 pères ont renseigné un questionnaire de données sociodémographiques, le Child Behavior CheckList 1,5-5 ans, le Questionnaire d’engagement paternel, le Parenting Stress Index et le Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Les principaux résultats issus de cette étude sont analysés.
L'enfant dans les séparations conflictuelles : le rôle de la justice
Authors: Mulon Élodie
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’enfant, lors de la séparation des parents, est au cœur d’un conflit dont il n’est pas responsable et qui n’est pas le sien. Pour autant, il en devient à la fois l’enjeu, l’instrument, l’acteur, la victime et le bourreau. Il est essentiel que le processus de séparation, judiciaire et extrajudiciaire, lui permette de rester à sa place d’enfant, étranger au conflit de ses parents, et ce quel que soit son âge. Cette nécessité commence par une prise de conscience impérative de la part des parents : la justice n’a ni l’envie ni les moyens de se substituer à eux.
Clinique de la délégation numérique
Authors: Virole Benoît
Published: February 2012

Résumé Nous présentons cinq cas cliniques d’adolescents dans lesquels les technologies numériques sont impliquées. La délégation de fonctions parentales aux systèmes numériques s’accompagne d’un sentiment abandonnique. Inversement, les systèmes numériques sont utilisés par les jeunes comme des vecteurs de restauration de soi.
L'obésité morbide chez l'adolescent : les réponses d'un réseau multidisciplinaire
Authors: Malka Jean , Duverger Philippe , Weil Dominique
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’obésité morbide est ici abordée en tant que symptôme physique d’une souffrance psychique sous-jacente. Cette souffrance psychique génère parfois certaines demandes d’aide, notamment chirurgicale, qui paradoxalement révèlent bien souvent un très fort déni de la réalité de cette souffrance, engageant alors autant le jeune que les soignants dans une lutte active contre l’obésité plutôt qu’une lutte contre la souffrance psychique qui en est à l’origine. Cet article s’intéresse à la demande de chirurgie bariatrique de la part du jeune et de son environnement, demande souvent confondue avec la notion de « motivation », l’insistance de cette motivation n’ayant d’égal que l’ambivalence de la demande. Cette confusion de registre entre motivation affichée et demande ambivalente s’avère fréquemment à la source d’un malentendu qui met à l’épreuve autant l’offre que le cadre du soin. C’est à la lumière de ce constat qu’une approche multidisciplinaire intégrant les dimensions psychique et somatique impliquées dans l’obésité morbide est proposée au chu d’Angers.
L'école évolue-t-elle face aux nouvelles demandes ?
Authors: Faure-Fillastre Odile
Published: February 2012

Résumé De l’élitisme à la massification, les objectifs fixés à l’école ont changé. Le développement des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication, le droit à la scolarisation pour les élèves handicapés, la réussite scolaire pour tous et la personnalisation des parcours constituent des défis à relever. La place des enseignants, des parents et des partenaires de santé dans le système scolaire s’en trouve modifiée, et les modalités de coopération revisitées.
L'éternel retour des figures du juge ?
Authors: Bellon Laurence
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’enfant est au cœur de plusieurs logiques judicaires et la société évolue dans ses attentes en matière de justice. Après avoir inventé une justice qui croyait le changement possible dans la famille, pour l’enfant en danger comme pour celui qui commettait des actes de délinquance, notre société a privilégié une justice pénale qui transmet ses valeurs par la sanction et a cantonné la justice civile à une fonction d’arbitrage. Les difficultés du procès d’Outreau ont permis de relativiser les vertus de la justice pénale appliquée aux enfants gravement maltraités. On découvre aussi les effets pervers de la politique de tolérance zéro à l’égard des jeunes délinquants et les dérives liées à la confusion entre la contenance et l’enfermement d’un adolescent. Ces évolutions récentes peuvent contribuer à valoriser une justice qui transmet les valeurs de la société par l’éducation, au sens de l’accompagnement du sujet.
Interaction entre racines unitaires et ruptures structurelles
Authors: Bassil Charbel
Published: February 2012

Résumé Dans cet article, nous passons en revue certaines méthodes économétriques récentes liées aux tests de racines unitaires. L’idée centrale est l’interaction entre ruptures structurelles et racines unitaires. Nous nous intéressons au test standard Dickey-Fuller et à ces modifications qui permettent sous l’alternative une ou plusieurs ruptures. Les dates de ruptures sont endogènes et le nombre de ruptures peut être inconnu. Nous investiguons la taille et la puissance de ces tests. Nous considérons ainsi le problème d’estimation du nombre de ruptures structurelles et le problème d’estimation des dates de ruptures structurelles. Une deuxième catégorie de test est examinée, les tests lm de racine unitaire permettant, sous les deux hypothèses, une ou deux ruptures inconnues. Nous survolons aussi les tests de ruptures structurelles construits pour un univers stationnaire. Nous distinguons deux catégories de tests : les tests pour une seule rupture et les tests pour plusieurs ruptures.
L'effet dynamique des chocs d'offre et de demande agrégés
Authors: Legrand Romain
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’Allemagne occupe en Europe une place singulière du fait d’avoir connu, sur la période post-1970, deux changements structurels majeurs : tout d’abord la réunification de la rfa et de la rda en 1990, puis l’entrée en vigueur de l’euro en janvier 1999. Cet article propose de dater de manière endogène la présence d’une ou plusieurs ruptures dans le processus dynamique joint du produit et du taux de chômage, et de tester formellement leur significativité. En suivant la méthodologie développée par Blanchard et Quah [1989], il identifie les contributions respectives des chocs d’offre et de demande agrégés, avant et après la rupture estimée. Cette étude empirique, menée sur des données postérieures à 1979, révèle : une rupture fortement significative située à la fin de l’année 1997, l’année de l’entrée en vigueur du Pacte de stabilité et de croissance ; une prédominance de la composante offre dans les fluctuations du produit pour la période précédant immédiatement la mise en place de l’euro ; cette prédominance reste vérifiée pour les deux variables après la rupture, à court terme pour le chômage et à moyen terme pour le produit.
Les revues d'excellence en économie et en gestion
Authors: Chatelain Jean-Bernard , Ralf Kirsten
Published: February 2012

Résumé En 2008, l’Agence d’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur ( aeres ) a attribué sa meilleure note (A+) à 90 revues en économie et gestion parmi 684 revues. Cet article montre que 109 revues parmi les 594 (18 %) revues classées A, B ou C par l’ aeres ont des facteurs d’impact par leurs citations en 2008 issus du Social Science Citation Index supérieurs au facteur d’impact de la revue d’excellence classée A+ à plus faible facteur d’impact dans le même domaine. Environ un quart des revues classées A+ de l’ aeres pourraient être remplacées par d’autres revues classées A, B ou C si on prend en compte les facteurs d’impact. Ces discordances sont concentrées sur neuf des vingt domaines en économie et gestion définis par la liste de revues de la section 37 du cnrs .