bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choice functions and well-orderings over the infinite binary tree
Authors: Carayol Arnaud , Löding Christof , Niwinski Damian , Walukiewicz Igor
Published: July 2010

We give a new proof showing that it is not possible to define in monadic second-order logic (MSO) a choice function on the infinite binary tree. This result was first obtained by Gurevich and Shelah using set theoretical arguments. Our proof is much simpler and only uses basic tools from automata theory. We show how the result can be used to prove the inherent ambiguity of languages of infinite trees. In a second part we strengthen the result of the non-existence of an MSO-definable well-founded order on the infinite binary tree by showing that every infinite binary tree with a well-founded order has an undecidable MSO-theory.
Effects of Various Treadmill Interventions on the Development of Joint Kinematics in Infants With Down Syndrome
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Looper Julia , Ulrich Dale A. , Angulo-Barroso Rosa M.
Published: July 2010

Background

Infants with Down syndrome (DS) have delayed walking and produce less-coordinated walking patterns.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether 2 treadmill interventions would have different influences on the development of joint kinematic patterns in infants with DS.

Design

Thirty infants with DS were randomly assigned to a lower-intensity, generalized (LG) treadmill training group (LG group) or a higher-intensity, individualized (HI) treadmill training group (HI group) and trained until walking onset. Twenty-six participants (13 in each group) completed a 1-year gait follow-up assessment.

Methods

During the gait follow-up assessment, reflective markers were placed bilaterally on the participants to measure the kinematic patterns of the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Both the timing and the magnitude of peak extension and flexion at the hip, knee, and ankle joints, as well as peak adduction and abduction at the hip joint, in the 2 groups were compared.

Results

Both the LG group and the HI group showed significantly advanced development of joint kinematics at the gait follow-up. In the HI group, peak ankle plantar flexion occurred at or before toe-off, and the duration of the forward thigh swing after toe-off increased.

Limitations

Joint kinematics in the lower extremities were evaluated in this study. It would be interesting to investigate the effect of treadmill interventions on kinematic patterns in the trunk and arm movement.

Conclusions

The timing of peak ankle plantar flexion (before toe-off) in the HI group implies further benefits from the HI intervention; that is, the HI group may use mechanical energy transfer better at the end of stance and may show decreased hip muscle forces and moments during walking. It was concluded that the HI intervention can accelerate the development of joint kinematic patterns in infants with DS within 1 year after walking onset.
Risk factors for the development of serious medical complications after resection of meningiomas
Authors: Sughrue Michael E. , Rutkowski Martin J. , Shangari Gopal , Chang H. Quinn , Parsa Andrew T. , Berger Mitchel S. , McDermott Michael W.
Published: July 2010

Object

While the surgical and neurological risks of meningioma surgery have been reported, much less effort has been devoted to studying the rates of serious medical complications following such a procedure. The authors performed a review of 834 patients who underwent craniotomy for meningioma at their institution and analyzed the rate of major cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and hepatic complications.

Methods

The authors identified all patients between 1993 and 2007 who underwent craniotomy for meningioma. Clinical information was reconstructed using patient medical records, medication records, radiological data, and pathological specimens from both the author institution and outside medical facilities. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between the dependent variable (rate of medical complications) and all covariates with a p < 0.2 on univariate testing.

Results

Fifty-seven patients (6.8%) experienced 61 serious medical complications following surgery for meningioma. Four patients died of medical complications. The most common complication was pneumonia, followed by renal dysfunction, arrhythmia, and deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolus. The development of a new or worsened neurological deficit (p < 0.00001), an age > 65 years (p < 0.03), hypertension (p < 0.02), and being on > 2 cardiac medications prior to surgery (p < 0.004) all demonstrated significantly increased rates of medical complications on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, only a new or worsened neurological deficit remained a significant risk factor for the occurrence of serious medical complications (p < 0.00001).

Conclusions

Overall, the authors found that the rate of clinically detected serious medical complications is relatively low in this population (6.8%), given the duration and complexity of the meningioma operations, and is strongly linked to the subsequent development of significant medical complications. This information may be useful to surgeons in discussing the morbidity of surgery during the informed consent process.
Perception about Pain Relief During Normal Labour Among Health Care Providers Conducting Delivery
Authors: Tasnim Saria
Published: July 2010

Pain during labour is a physiological phenomenon that varies in intensity among women and subjected to many social and cultural modifiers. The objective of the study was to explore the perception and practice of the primary level health care providers who conducts normal vaginal delivery regarding pain relief during labour. A cross sectional questionnaire survey was done at institute of child and mother health during May and June 2009 among a group of senior staff nurses and family welfare visitors. Among 97 respondents 75.3% were senior staff nurses and 24.7% were Family welfare visitors. Only 6.2% thought a women with labour pain should receive an analgesic, 7.4% gives an analgesic and 10.5% reported to receive such drug during their own childbirth. About 58.6% reported to use injection hyoscine butyl bromide and 6.9% uses injection Pethidine analgesia during labour. Forty percent reported to carry out some activity to comfort women in labour. Those were giving assurance (88.7%), explaining the mother about the process of labour (84.5%) and 77.3 % would allow companion in the labour room. About two thirds respondents thought that pain relief may delay progress of labour, 69.5% apprehend fetal distress while 60% are of the opinion that women should endure the natural pain. Key words: Analgesia; labour pain; supportive care; health care provider DOI: 10.3329/medtoday.v22i1.5600 Medicine Today Vol.22(1) 2010. 20-23
Current Molecular Concept of Oral Carcinogenesis and Invasion
Authors: Khan Mahfujul Haq , Mishu Masuma Pervin , Imam Syed Touseef
Published: July 2010

Oral cancer is the commonest cancer in the South East Asia. Approximately 20-30% suffer from oral caner in out of all cancer patients diagnosed each year in this subcontinent. In Bangladesh the chronic use of betel quid and chewing tobacco in the mouth has been strongly associated with an increased risk for oral cancer. The last two-decade has been enormous advances in our understanding of cancer at molecular level. This review will give a out line of current knowledge of oral cancer, including basic over view of genetic mechanism involving cell regulation and cancer production. It is generally accepted that neoplasm arises from series of genetic alteration that lead to cellular proliferation & differentiation. In this review article, a brief discussion of important gene responsible for oral cancer, role of oncogenic viruses and molecular aspect of oral cancer progression, invasion & metastasis has been described. Key words: Oral Cancer; invasion; molecular concept. DOI: 10.3329/medtoday.v22i1.5605 Medicine Today Vol.22(1) 2010. 38-42
Successful Treatment of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis More Than 70% Body Surface Area Involved with Immunosuppressive Therapy and Amniotic Membrane Graft in Cornea
Authors: Uddin Md Rokon , Bhuiyan Motahar Hossain , Akhtar Farjana , Baker Md Abu , Akramuzzaman AKM
Published: July 2010

A 19 years young boy presented with papulo-vesicular lesions with necrosis over face, trunk upper and lower extremities; erosions and ulcerations over mucous membrane of eyes, mouth and genetalia. Lesions involved more than 70% of body surface area. Medical history was significant that was taking carbamazepine for epilepsy. On histopathological examination lymphatic infiltration at the dermoeidermal junction (DEJ) with necrosis of keratinocytes that some areas in full thickness. Management done in Enam Medical College Hospital (EMCH) in general ward with correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Systemic steroid used in immunosuppressive dose and patient epidermal regrowth occur within 22-24 days. Main problem at that time gradual loss of vision, recurrent corneal erosion syndrome and tear film deficiency. Ophthalmology department of EMCH done amniotic membrane graft dry eye and corneal erosion. DOI: 10.3329/medtoday.v22i1.5608 Medicine Today Vol.22(1) 2010. 50-52
(8-Chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]cinnolin-1-yl) (pyridin-4-yl)methanone
Authors: Bawa Sandhya , Kumar Rajiv , Chawla Gita , Kumar Suresh , Mishra Ravinesh
Published: July 2010

(8-Chloro-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]cinnolin-1-yl) (pyridin-4-yl)methanone 2 has been synthesized through condensation of 3-acetyl-6-chloro-1H-cinnolin-4-one 1 with isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) in absolute ethanol. The structure of the title compound 2 was established on the basis of IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Poly(acrylic acid) Magnetic Microspheres
Authors: Guo Liang , Liu Guang , Hong Ruo-Yu , Li Hong-Zhong
Published: July 2010

Spherical microparticles, capable of responding to magnetic fields, were prepared by encapsulating dextran-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles into chitosan poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) microspheres template. The obtained magnetic microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (TG). The results showed that the microspheres were formed and demonstrated magnetic behavior in an applied magnetic field. In addition, magnetite particles were well encapsulated and the composite particles have high magnetite content, which was more than 40%.
Selecting Diversified Compounds to Build a Tangible Library for Biological and Biochemical Assays
Authors: Gu Qiong , Xu Jun , Gu Lianquan
Published: July 2010

The quality of diverse compound selection mainly depends on cluster algorithms, descriptors, the combinations of the descriptors, and similarity metrics. The Jarvis-Patrick algorithm, MDL search keys, and Daylight fingerprints are a well accepted algorithm and structure descriptors for compound library diversity analysis. Based upon our 288 experiments on selecting compounds from various descriptor combinations, we have found (1) hybrid Daylight and MDL structural descriptors for diversity analyses can produce worse results; (2) selections based purely on 2,048-bit Daylight fingerprints yield better results than the ones based purely on MDL 166-bit search keys; (3) when Daylight fingerprints and MDL search keys are combined, it is better to compute the similarities independently, then to take the smaller value for the outcome. This will yield better average separation of clusters; (4) regarding the consistency of different clustering approaches, the Daylight fingerprints based clustering is more consistent with the SCA approach than it does with the MDL search keys based approach; (5) The MDL search keys based selection approach tends to select a greater number of compounds from larger clusters. As the Daylight fingerprint is folded two and three times, respectively, information is lost, and this approach tends to select a greater number of compounds from larger clusters as well. These results have not been reported before to our knowledge.
Platinum-Catalyzed Hydrative Cyclization of 1,6-Diynes for the Synthesis of 3,5-Substituted Conjugated Cyclohexenones
Authors: Zhang Chen , Qi Jian-Feng , Cui Dong-Mei , Wang Qian , Wang Xiu-Li
Published: July 2010

We have developed a Pt(COD)Cl2-catalyzed hydrative cyclization of 1,6-diynes leading to the formation of functionalized cyclohexenones in good yields.
Chemical Reasoning Based on an Invariance Property: Bond and Lone Pair Pictures in Quantum Structural Formulas
Authors: Alia Joseph
Published: July 2010

Chemists use one set of orbitals when comparing to a structural formula, hybridized AOs or NBOs for example, and another for reasoning in terms of frontier orbitals, MOs usually. Chemical arguments can frequently be made in terms of energy and/or electron density without the consideration of orbitals at all. All orbital representations, orthogonal or not, within a given function space are related by linear transformation. Chemical arguments based on orbitals are really energy or electron density arguments; orbitals are linked to these observables through the use of operators. The Valency Interaction Formula, VIF, offers a system of chemical reasoning based on the invariance of observables from one orbital representation to another. VIF pictures have been defined as one-electron density and Hamiltonian operators. These pictures are classified in a chemically meaningful way by use of linear transformations applied to them in the form of two pictorial rules and the invariance of the number of doubly, singly, and unoccupied orbitals or bonding, nonbonding, and antibonding orbitals under these transformations. The compatibility of the VIF method with the bond pair – lone pair language of Lewis is demonstrated. Different electron lone pair representations are related by the pictorial rules and have stability understood in terms of Walsh’s rules. Symmetries of conjugated ring systems are related to their electronic state by simple mathematical formulas. Description of lone pairs in conjugated systems is based on the strength and sign of orbital interactions around the ring. Simple models for bonding in copper clusters are tested, and the bonding of O2 to Fe(II) in hemoglobin is described. Arguments made are supported by HF, B3LYP, and MP2 computations.
Endometriosis - Morphology, clinical presentations and molecular pathology
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Subramanian Arulselvi
Published: July 2010

Endometriosis is found predominantly in women of childbearing age. The prevalence of endometriosis is difficult to determine accurately. Laparoscopy or surgery is required for the definitive diagnosis. The most common symptoms are dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and low back pain that worsen during menses. Endometriosis occurring shortly after menarche has been frequently reported. Endometriosis has been described in a few cases at the umbilicus, even without prior history of abdominal surgery. It has been described in various atypical sites such as the fallopian tubes, bowel, liver, thorax, and even in the extremities. The most commonly affected areas in decreasing order of frequency in the gastrointestinal tract are the recto-sigmoid colon, appendix, cecum, and distal ileum. The prevalence of appendiceal endometriosis is 2.8%. Malignant transformation is a well-described, although rare (<1% of cases), complication of endometriosis. Approximately 75% of these tumors arise from endometriosis of the ovary. Other less common sites include the rectovaginal septum, rectum, and sigmoid colon. Unopposed estrogens therapy may play a role in the development of such tumors. A more recent survey of 27 malignancies associated with endometriosis found that 17 (62%) were in the ovary, 3 (11%) in the vagina, 2 (7%) each in the fallopian tube or mesosalpinx, pelvic sidewall, and colon, and 1 (4%) in the parametrium. Two cases of cerebral endometriosis and a case of endometriosis presenting as a cystic mass in the cerebellar vermis has been described. Treatment for endometriosis can be expectant, medical, or surgical depending on the severity of symptoms and the patient’s desire to maintain or restore fertility.
Delayed serum calcium biochemical response to successful parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Alabdulkarim Yousof , Nassif Edgard
Published: July 2010

Background: Parathyroidectomy is considered the standard treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism, however, though the onset of biochemical response is variable and is different from one patient to the other.

Aim: To evaluate the onset of systemic response and the biochemical normalization of serum calcium levels to a successful surgery.

Patients and Methods: In a retrospective fashion, we collected clinical data from 303 patients admitted to our hospital between 2005 and 2008, with a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism after sestamibi localization. The pathology reports, parathyroidectomy results, the preoperative and postoperative parathormone (PTH) and serum calcium levels were reviewed. Response of each patient to the surgery was studied and all the data were analyzed to determine how fast the serum calcium levels drop.

Results: The majority of patients (72.9%, 221/303) showed a decrease in their serum calcium levels to normal values within 48 h. While in 40 patients it took 72 hours and 42 patients (13.8%) had a delayed normalization for more than 72 h. The pathology in the PH group was predominantly of a single adenoma 80.9% vs.19.1 with hyperplasia with a P of 0.03. Preoperative parathyroid hormone PTH elevation was not significantly deferent between the two groups (PH and EN) with a mean of 7.9±5.36 vs. 7.41±14.5 pmol/L respectively with a P of 0.43.

Conclusion: The majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) respond to parathyroidectomy in the form of normalization of their serum calcium levels and PTH within 48 h; however, a certain group of patients will need more than 3 days.
Metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neonatal septicemia
Authors: Sharma Madhu , Yadav Sarita , Chaudhary Uma
Published: July 2010

Gram-negative bacilli are important agents causing neonatal sepsis. The organisms isolated are often resistant to multiple antimicrobials specially which are metallo-beta-lactamases (MβL) producers. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the objective to examine the incidence of MβL producing strains in multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cases of neonatal sepsis. Between January-December 2006, 1994 cases of neonatal sepsis were investigated. The isolates obtained were identified and tested for susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents. The multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were screened for the presence of MβL by imipenem-EDTA disc method. Five hundred and ninety three (29.73%) isolates were obtained from culture of neonates. Most frequent offender was P. aeruginosa (48.2%). There was an overall predominance of gram-negative organisms. MβL production was seen in 69.5% of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. MβL producing P. aeruginosa is an emerging threat in neonatal septicemia and a cause of concern for physicians treating such infections.
Disseminated Cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis
Authors: Prasad Kishan , Veena S , Permi H S , Teerthanath S , Shetty K Padma , Shetty J P
Published: July 2010

Rhinosporidiosis is a granulomatous disorder caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It frequently involves the nasopharynx and occasionally affects the skin. We hereby report a case of 46–year-old male who presented with multiple cutaneous plaque-like lesions with nasal obstruction. On examination, multiple cutaneous lesions were found to be present on malar aspect, infraorbital and supraorbital region, right shoulder and over the back near the tip of scapula. Oral cavity revealed a polypoidal lesion, in the base of the tongue. Excision biopsy confirmed the lesions as disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis. The patient was treated with excision and dapsone therapy. After 1 year of therapy, the patient has disease-free survival. We report this rare case of rhinosporidiosis with disseminated cutaneous involvement.
Myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies with Cytoplasmic Fluorescence Pattern
Authors: Chhabra Seema , Minz Ranjana Walker , Goyal Lekha , Sharma Nidhi
Published: July 2010

We report here two rare cases of myeloperoxidase–antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-positive Wegener’s granulomatosis (limited variant) which deceptively produced a cytoplasmic (C-ANCA) pattern on indirect immunofluorescence.
Advanced M5 Modeling of Stirred Media Milling
Authors: Rodič T. , Langus J.
Published: July 2010

The numerical tools that are integrated in the M5 model of stirred media milling include the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for macroscale simulations, Finite Element Method (FEM) based Fluid‐Structure Interaction (FSI) for mesoscale simulations and combined FEM and DEM for microscale simulation of grinding bead impacts. Statistical analyses of the impacts derived by DEM at a macro‐level are used for optimization of the mill design and its operational parameters. The thermo‐mechanical and hydrodynamical phenomena that occur at the mesoscopic FSI scale between the approaching grinding beads are analyzed by FEM for various impact scenarios with different combinations of impact velocity, direction and rotation as a function of macroscopic mill design. Therefore, the M5 concept takes into account global‐local coupling so that the influences of macroscopic design can be derived at nano levels by downscale coupling of influential phenomena.
Detection of Cavitation Phenomena in Reciprocating Pumps using a High‐Speed Camera
Authors: Opitz K. , Schlücker E.
Published: July 2010

Cavitation in reciprocating positive displacement pumps is still an insufficiently understood problem. For a better understanding of the effects of cavitation in reciprocating positive displacement pumps, high‐speed camera measurements were done under real operating conditions. In this work, emphasis is put on the recording of cavitation phenomena for further investigations. Exemplarily, the occurring cavitation phenomena for different valve designs are described on the basis of high‐speed sequences for selected cavitation conditions and the results are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Elastic Properties and Electronic Structures of 4d‐ and 5d‐Transition Metal Mononitrides
Authors: Chen W. , Jiang J. Z.
Published: July 2010

first principles calculations
ChemInform Abstract: Monoclinic Cu2Se3Sn.
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Daszkiewicz M. , Ostapyuk T. A. , Klymovych O. S. , Zmiy O. F.
Published: July 2010

Single crystals of a new monoclinic modification of Cu2Se3Sn are obtained from the elements at 1380 K (evacuated silica tube, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Long‐Sought Unsubstituted Aminodiboranate Na(H3B—NH2—BH3) and Its N‐Alkyl Analogues.
Authors: Daly Scott R. , Bellott Brian J. , Kim Do Young , Girolami Gregory S.
Published: July 2010

No X‐ray quality crystal of the title compound (III) could be prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Lithium Motion of Li8SeN2 and Li8TeN2.
Authors: Braeunling Daniel , Pecher Oliver , Trots Dmytro M. , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Zherebtsov Dmitry A. , Haarmann Frank , Niewa Rainer
Published: July 2010

The title compounds are prepared from mixtures of Li2E (E: Se, Te) and Li3N (Ta ampules, 1023 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Method to Synthesize Mesoporous Multimetal Oxides (ATiO3, A: Sr, Ba) with Large Specific Surface Areas and Crystalline Pore Walls.
Authors: Fan Xiaoxing , Wang Ying , Chen Xinyi , Gao Ling , Luo Wenjun , Yuan Yupeng , Li Zhaosheng , Yu Tao , Zhu Jianhua , Zou Zhigang
Published: July 2010

Mesoporous SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 are prepared based on the evaporation‐induced self‐assembly approach using in‐situ inorganic pore‐makers (carbonate).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Approximated Crystal and Electronic Structure of a Proposed New Tantalum Oxide Nitride Ta3O6N.
Authors: Nakhal Suliman , Lumey Marck‐Willem , Bredow Thomas , Dronskowski Richard , Lerch Martin
Published: July 2010

The title compound is prepared by reaction of TaS2 with water‐saturated NH3 gas at 1100 °C for 20 h and characterized by powder XRD and DFT computations.
ChemInform Abstract: Molten Salt Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Novel Salt‐Inclusion Vanadium Bronze Cs5FeV5O13Cl6.
Authors: Mahjoor Parisa , Latturner Susan E.
Published: July 2010

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared by reaction of V2O5 and Fe2O3 in the presence of V powder in a eutectic CsCl/NaCl flux (silica tube, 600 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds in Aqueous Electrolyte Catalyzed by Zinc.
Authors: Huang Jing‐Mei , Ren Hai‐Rui
Published: July 2010

A highly efficient electrochemical allylation of aldehydes and ketones (I) with 25 mol% metal consumption from zinc cathode is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Adaptative Biaryl Phosphite—Oxazole and Phosphite—Thiazole Ligands for Asymmetric Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Alkenes.
Authors: Mazuela Javier , Paptchikhine Alexander , Pamies Oscar , Andersson Pher G. , Dieguez Montserrat
Published: July 2010

A library of 17 chiral ligands is examined in the iridium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of (E)‐ and (Z)‐trisubstituted, and 1,1‐disubstituted terminal alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Isoxazolidinone: A New Achiral Template for Enantioselective Transformations.
Authors: Sibi Mukund P. , Gustafson Brandon , Coulomb Julien
Published: July 2010

The Diels—Alders reaction of 3‐isoxazolidinone acrylate (Ia) with cyclopentadiene in the presence of a chiral bisoxazoline proceeds with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Rearrangement of Epoxides Catalyzed by a Mixed‐Valent Iron Trifluoroacetate [Fe3O(O2CCF3)6 (H2O)3].
Authors: Ertuerk Erkan , Goellue Mehmet , Demir Ayhan S.
Published: July 2010

The Fe catalyst efficiently promotes regioselective rearrangement of a wide range of epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of an Ionic Liquid as a Co‐solvent for Recyclable Pd/C‐Mediated N‐Debenzylation.
Authors: Choi Jin Kyu , Jeon Byung Sun , Cho Jong Hyun , Kim B. Moon
Published: July 2010

The application of [bmim]BF4 as co‐solvent for the N‐debenzylation increases the yield compared to reaction in MeOH as the sole solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Propylsulfanylhexane Aminomethoxy Derivatives.
Authors: Mamedbeili E. G. , Dzhafarov I. A. , Kochetkov K. A. , Gasanov Kh. I. , Alieva S. T.
Published: July 2010

New derivatives of 1‐propylsulfanylhexane (VI) (5 examples) are synthesized by Mannich condensation of thioalkanol (III), secondary amines, and formaldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity in Halomethoxylation of 7‐Phenyl‐1‐phenylsulfonyltricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]heptane.
Authors: Vasin V. A. , Petrov P. S. , Kostryukov S. G. , Razin V. V.
Published: July 2010

The halomethoxylation of title phenylsulfonyl‐substituted tricycloheptane (I) proceeds with absolute regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Quinones, Vitamin K3, and Vitamin K1 from p‐Cresol. BF3·OEt2‐Catalyzed Methyl Migration of 4‐tert‐Butyldioxycyclohexadienones.
Authors: Murahashi Shun‐Ichi , Fujii Akiko , Inubushi Yasutaka , Komiya Naruyoshi
Published: July 2010

Lewis acid promoted rearrangement of cyclohexadienones (I) and (III) provides 1,4‐benzoquinone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Sieves‐Supported Palladium(I) Catalyst: Suzuki Coupling of Chloroarenes and an Easy Access to Useful Intermediates for the Synthesis of Irbesartan, Losartan and Boscalid.
Authors: Dey Raju , Sreedhar Bojja , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: July 2010

PdCl2 supported on 4A molecular sieves is found to by an efficient catalyst for the Suzuki reaction of chlorobenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Nazarov Cyclization—Halovinylation of Divinyl Ketones under Vilsmeier Conditions: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentadienes.
Authors: Wang Mang , Han Feng , Yuan Hongjuan , Liu Qun
Published: July 2010

A novel tandem Nazarov cyclization—halovinylation strategy is developed for the synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Poly‐Substituted Phenanthrenes.
Authors: Yougnia Rodrigue , Rochais Christophe , Sopkova‐de Oliveira Santos Jana , Dallemagne Patrick , Rault Sylvain
Published: July 2010

A one‐pot Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling/Dieckmann—Thorpe ring closure protocol under microwave irradiation allows the introduction of diversity on various positions of the phenanthrene ring system.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple, One‐Pot, and Facile Synthesis of Angularly Fused [6—7—5], [6—7—6], [6—7—7], and [6,7] Ring Systems Using Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Aravindu Kunche , Kumar Katta Santosh , Reddy Kanumuri Ramesh
Published: July 2010

The reaction proceeds via alkylation, generation of a vinyl chloride and intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, in vitro Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Studies of Novel Azetidinone Derivatives.
Authors: Keri Rangappa S. , Hosamani Kallappa M. , Reddy Harisha S. , Shingalapur Ramya V.
Published: July 2010

A variety of new azetidinone derivatives bearing chromene moiety is synthesized via reaction of azomethines (I) with chloroacetyl chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,5‐Naphthylpyrrolidine.
Authors: Teichert Johannes F. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: July 2010

Based on an Ir‐catalyzed double allylic amination with ammonia, the chiral title compound (VI) is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbazoles from N‐(2‐Halophenyl)‐2,6‐diisopropylanilines via C—C Cleavage.
Authors: Chianese Anthony R. , Rogers Scott L. , Al‐Gattas Hanna
Published: July 2010

The unexpected cyclization process, recently observed by the authors during the attempted amination of veratrole with 2,6‐diisopropylaminiline, is investigated in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Iodo‐3‐ethoxypyrazoles: An Entry Point to New Chemical Entities.
Authors: Guillou Sandrine , Janin Yves L.
Published: July 2010

The regiochemistry of the starting cyclocondensation of (I) is studied with hydrazine hydrochlorides (XXVIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazol‐6‐ones from α‐Aroyl Ketene‐N,S‐acetals.
Authors: Mathew Paulson , Prasidha M. , Asokan C. V.
Published: July 2010

Depending on conditions, the reaction between β‐oxothiamides (I) and phenacyl bromides (II) leads either to α‐aroyl ketene‐N,S‐acetals (III) or thiazole (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines via AgOTf‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reactions of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes, Amines, and Indoles.
Authors: Yu Xingxin , Wu Jie
Published: July 2010

The tandem reaction combines mild conditions with tolerance against substrate modification; only strong electron‐releasing groups attached to the aromatic 2‐alkynylbenzaldehyde backbone such as in (IX) prevent the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones via Tandem Intramolecular Pinner/Dimroth Rearrangement.
Authors: Tang Jian‐Hong , Shi Da‐Xin , Zhang Li‐Jun , Zhang Qi , Li Jia‐Rong
Published: July 2010

1,2‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones of type (III) are obtained by the cyclization of o‐aminonitriles with aromatic aldehydes using ZnCl2 as a promoter.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfamic Acid Catalyzed, Three‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo/Benzimidazolo Quinazolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Derikvand Fatemeh , Ranjbar Leila
Published: July 2010

Quinazolinone derivatives of type (IV) or (VI) are prepared in a three‐component one‐pot synthesis using sulfamic acid as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Three‐Component Synthesis of 4‐Aminoquinazolines.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Sadjadi Samaheh , Haj Negar Mokhtari , Oskooie Hossein A. , Bamoharram Fatemeh F.
Published: July 2010

Preyssler acid on silica nanoparticles is used as efficient catalyst in the three‐component, one‐pot synthesis of 4‐aminoquinazolines, e.g. (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and Their Use in the Preparation of Tetraheterocyclic Systems.
Authors: El‐Essawy Farag A.
Published: July 2010

With a view to obtaining pharmacologically interesting compounds, several new heterocycles are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3,6‐Di(tert‐butyl)‐1,2‐benzoquinone with Terminal Alkylacetylenes in the Presence of Phosphorus Trichloride.
Authors: Nemtarev A. V. , Mironov V. F. , Bogdanov A. V. , Cherkasov V. K. , Druzhkov N. O. , Gubaidullin A. T. , Litvinov I. A. , Musin R. Z.
Published: July 2010

Benzo[e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 2‐oxide derivatives are obtained in the reaction of alkyl‐ and haloalkylacetylenes with sterically hindered benzoquinone (I) in the presence of phosphorous trichloride.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Simple Synthesis of Bis(diorganoselenophosphoryl)selenides (R2PSe)2Se from Secondary Phosphines and Elemental Selenium.
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Gusarova Nina K. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Ushakov Igor A. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: July 2010

An unexpected reaction of secondary phosphines with excess elemental selenium affords the title compounds (II) in good yields.The expected diselenide products and diselenophosphinoic acids are not observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Diferrocenylmorpholino‐ and ‐methylsulfanyl‐cyclopropenylium Salts with β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Diethyl Malonate.
Authors: Klimova Elena I. , Mendez Stivalet J. M. , Klimova T. , Flores‐Alamo M. , Backinowsky L. V. , Ortiz‐Frade Luis , Martinez Garcia M.
Published: July 2010

The different outcome of title reactions with both cyclopropenylium salts is studied and the underlying mechanisms are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development in Composite Catalysts from Porous Materials for Various Reactions and Processes
Authors: Xie Zaiku , Liu Zhicheng , Wang Yangdong , Yang Qihua , Xu Longya , Ding Weiping
Published: July 2010

Review: 223 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Metal Nanoparticles: Size, Shape, Support, Composition, and Oxidation State Effects
Authors: Cuenya Beatriz Roldan
Published: July 2010

Review: 329 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anisotropic Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Han Wei‐Qiang
Published: July 2010

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomers in the Chemistry of Germanium Heterometallic Clusters
Authors: Melnik Milan , Garaj Jan
Published: July 2010

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Click Chemistry in the Emerging Field of Catalomics
Authors: Kalesh Karunakaran A. , Shi Haibin , Ge Jingyan , Yao Shao Q.
Published: July 2010

Review: ca. 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Characteristic of the Thermal Reactions of Vinylcyclobutane
Authors: Baldwin John E. , Kostikov Alexey P.
Published: July 2010

Review: about 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(Het)arylhydrazono‐1,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Shchegol'kov E. V. , Burgart Ya. V. , Khudina O. G. , Saloutin V. I. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: July 2010

Review: 273 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptoid Macrocycles: Making the Rounds with Peptidomimetic Oligomers
Authors: Yoo Barney , Shin Sung Bin Y. , Huang Mia Lace , Kirshenbaum Kent
Published: July 2010

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactions of Iodo Sugars.
Authors: De Castro Michael , Marzabadi Cecilia H.
Published: July 2010

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihalodiazirines and the Photochemical Generation of Dihalocarbenes: New Light on Old Problems
Authors: Moss Robert A.
Published: July 2010

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis. Recent Developments and Future Trends
Authors: Nevado Cristina
Published: July 2010

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stepwise Molecular Rearrangements
Authors: Cordero Franca M.
Published: July 2010

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computer Information Resources in Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Science
Authors: Kiselyova N. N. , Dudarev V. A. , Zemskov V. S.
Published: July 2010

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Search for Antiamyloidogenic Compounds Based on a Nucleation‐Dependent Polymerization Model
Authors: Naiki Hironobu , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Ono Kenjiro , Yamada Masahito
Published: July 2010

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On‐Chip Cellomics Technology for Drug Screening System Using Cardiomyocyte Cells from Human Stem Cell
Authors: Yasuda Kenji
Published: July 2010

Review: 10 refs.
Tropomyosin is a tetramer under physiological salt conditions
Authors: Lassing Ingrid , Hillberg Louise , Höglund Anna‐Stina , Karlsson Roger , Schutt Clarence , Lindberg Uno
Published: July 2010

Tropomyosin (TM) is a coiled‐coil dimer of α‐helical peptides, which self associates in a head‐ to‐tail fashion along actin polymers, conferring stability to the microfilaments and serving a regulatory function in acto‐myosin driven force generation. While the major amount of TM is associated with filaments also in non‐muscle cells, it was recently reported that there are isoform‐specific pools of TM multimers (not associated with F‐actin), which appear to be utilized during actin polymerization and reformed during depolymerization. To determine the size of these multimers, skeletal muscle TM was studied under different salt conditions using gel‐filtration and sucrose gradient sedimentation, and compared with purified non‐muscle TM 1 and 5, as well as with TM present in non‐muscle cell extracts and skeletal muscle TM added to such extracts. Under physiological salt conditions TM appears as a single homogenous peak with the Stokes radius 8.2 nm and the molecular weight (mw) 130,000. The corresponding values for TM 5 are 7.7 nm and 104,000, respectively. This equals four peptides, implying that native TM is a tetramer in physiological salt. It is therefore concluded that the TM multimers are tetramers. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confinement Studies in the Columbia Non‐Neutral Torus
Authors: Brenner P. W. , Pedersen T. S. , Sarasola X. , Hahn M. S.
Published: July 2010

We present results from a systematic study of confinement of pure electron plasmas in the Columbia Non‐neutral Torus (CNT) stellarator. Recent results show more than an order of magnitude improvement in con‐finement, with the new best confinement time measured to be 0.32 seconds. This large improvement is the combined result of lower neutral pressure (nearly a factor of five lower), higher magnetic field (a factor of two), and the installation of a conducting boundary designed to control electrostatic boundary conditions. New external diagnostics are being developed in preparation for electron‐positron plasma operation. Confinement times measured with an edge potential probe are in good agreement with confinement times calculated based on the steady state emission current of static discharges. Plasmas created from an emitter that is extracted in 0.02 seconds do not survive after extraction even in cases where the confinement time is initially much longer than the rod retraction time (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhancement of Residual Zonal Flows in Helical Systems with Equilibrium Radial Electric Fields
Authors: Sugama H. , Watanabe T.‐H.
Published: July 2010

The collisionless response of the zonal‐flow potential to the initial particle distribution and turbulence source is theoretically described for helical systems with equilibrium radial electric fields driving the poloidal E × B rotation of helical‐ripple‐trapped particles. Theoretically predicted enhancement of the residual zonal‐flow potential due to the E × B rotation is verified by the linear gyrokinetic Vlasov simulation using the poloidally global domain for a model magnetic geometry corresponding to the inward‐shifted LHD configuration (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First Observations of Partially Neutralized and Quasineutral Plasmas in the Columbia Non‐Neutral Torus
Authors: Sarasola X. , Pedersen T. S. , Brenner P. W. , Hahn M. S.
Published: July 2010

The Columbia Non‐neutral Torus (CNT) is a stellarator designed to study pure electron, partially neutralized and positron‐electron plasmas. CNT usually operates with electron rich plasmas (with negligible ion density) [1]. The accumulation of ions alters the equilibrium of electron plasmas in CNT and a global instability has been observed when the ion fraction exceeds 10%. A characterization of this instability is presented in [2], analyzing its parameter dependence and spatial structure (non‐resonant with rational surfaces). A segmented conducting mesh has been installed to impose the electrostatic boundary condition at the plasma edge. Results after the installation of the conducting boundary confirm the presence of an instability in electron rich plasmas with a finite ion content. A new set of experiments is currently underway studying plasmas of arbitrary degree of neutralization, ranging from pure electron to quasineutral plasmas. Basic observations show that the plasma potential decouples from the emitter bias when we increase the degree of neutralization of our plasmas. Partially neutralized plasmas are also characterized by multiple mode behavior with dominant frequencies between 20 and 200 kHz. When the plasma becomes quasineutral, it reverts to single mode behavior (2 ‐ 18 kHz). The first results on partially neutralized and quasineutral plasmas in CNT are reported on here (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection (SMBI) on Plasma Performance in Heliotron J
Authors: Mizuuchi T. , Kobayashi S. , Yamamoto Y. , Okada H. , Nagasaki K. , Minami T. , Watanabe S. , Mukai K. , Kishi S. , Lee H. Y. , Minami K. , Takabatake Y. , Nishino N. , Nakashima Y. , Nakamura Y. , Hanatani K. , Konoshima S. , Sano F.
Published: July 2010

Gas fueling by supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) is successfully applied to ECH/NBI plasmas in Heliotron J. The stored energy reached ∼4.5 kJ for a heating combination of ECH (∼0.35 MW) and NBI (∼0.6 MW), which is about 50 % higher than the maximum one achieved so far under the conventional gas‐puffing in Heliotron J. After an SMBI pulse for ECH+NBI plasma, two different kinds of perturbation in the radiation profile are caused simultaneously in the center and the peripheral regions. For ECH plasma, an SMBI pulse causes increase or decrease of electron temperature, which seems to depend on the target density (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ECCD Experiments Using the Upgraded Launching System in Heliotron J
Authors: Nagasaki K. , Sakamoto K. , Minami K. , Yoshino H. , Mizuuchi T. , Okada H. , Hanatani K. , Minami T. , Masuda K. , Kobayashi S. , Yamamoto S. , Konoshima S. , Nakamura Y. , Ohshima S. , Mukai K. , Kishi S. , Lee H. Y. , Takabatake Y. , Motojima G. , Yoshimura Y. , Fernández A. , Cappa Á. , Blackwell B. , Sano F.
Published: July 2010

Electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) experiments have been made in Heliotron J by using an upgraded EC launching system. A focused Gaussian beam is injected with the parallel refractive index, N||, ranging from ‐0.05 to 0.6. Ray tracing calculation shows that the EC power is more localized than that in the previous launching system. In the initial ECCD experiment, the EC injection angle has been successfully scanned as designed. Comparison between perpendicular and oblique launching experiments shows that for standard configuration, the EC current of 1 kA is driven at N|| ∼ 0.3 in the Fisch‐Boozer direction, and the bootstrap current flows up to 1 kA. A large increase in electron cyclotron emission (ECE) signals has been observed when the EC current was driven (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Status of a Stellarator/Heliotron H‐mode Database
Authors: Akiyama T. , Hirsch M. , Estrada T. , Hidalgo C. , Mizuuchi T.
Published: July 2010

This paper describes the purpose and the structure of the database of confinement improvement modes in helical devices under activities of the International Stellarator/Heliotron Profile Database (ISHPDB). Data are being collected from 4 devices: CHS, LHD, TJ‐II and W7‐AS. This database will include sets of profiles and global data prior to a transition and ones in the fully developed improved mode in the UFILE format, detailed edge profiles and thresholds of the power and the density for the transition (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Overview of L‐H Transition Experiments in Helical Devices
Authors: Hirsch M.
Published: July 2010

The observation of the H‐mode and ELMs in helical devices confirms the generic character of these phenomena in toroidal confinement. Particularities are the strong impact of the magnetic edge configuration on transition and ELM phenomenology and the existence of a mean E × B flow shear already predefined by the condition given from the neoclassical fluxes. The observations indicate that the classical H‐mode as a bifurcation phenomenon possibly associated with dynamic sheared flows is biased by these equilibrium mean shear flow conditions of the 3D plasma edge. Besides this classical H‐mode other Edge Transport Barriers can be realized which are related to the development a mean shear flow on a transport timescale (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Configuration Studies on the Heliotron Fusion Energy Reactor with Split‐Type Helical Coils
Authors: Yanagi N. , Nishimura K. , Goto T. , Sagara A. , Motojima O.
Published: July 2010

Configuration optimization is examined for the heliotron fusion energy reactor FFHR in order to find sufficient clearances between the ergodic region outside the nested magnetic surfaces and blankets at the inboard side of the torus. The standard configuration of FFHR, which is similar to that of LHD, has a relatively large major radius of the helical coils in order to satisfy this requirement. It has been found, as an alternative design, that equivalent clearances are obtained with a shorter major radius both by employing a lower helical pitch parameter and splitting the helical coils in the poloidal cross‐section at the outboard side. Splitting the helical coils also provides another configuration that ensures magnetic well formation in the fairly large nested magnetic surfaces with outward shifted configurations. Optimization is being carried out for these configurations by adjusting the pitch modulation parameter to improve the particle confinement (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Collective Thomson Scattering of 77 GHz High‐Power ECRH Beam in LHD
Authors: Kubo S. , Nishiura M. , Tanaka K. , Tamura N. , Shimozuma T. , Tatematsu Y. , Saito T. , Yoshimura Y. , Igami H. , Takahashi H. , Ikeda R.
Published: July 2010

The measurement of the ion velocity distribution is especially important in reactor relevant plasmas. The collective Thomson scattering (CTS) is one of the most promising methods for evaluating the ion velocity distribution function. In spite of its potential, this method had long been suffered from the absence of adequate power sources. Recent development in the higher power, and higher frequency range of the gyrotron and the transmission technique enabled to realize the measurement of not only the bulk but also high energy component of the ion velocity distribution function. One of the newly installed 77 GHz gyrotrons in LHD that can generate more than 1 MW over 5 s and is connected to one of the Gaussian mirror beam launching antenna sets is used as a probing beam for CTS. A heterodyne receiver system of a fundamental mixer with fixed frequency local oscillator was installed on the upstream of the transmission line. The probe beam is 100% power modulated at 50 Hz to separate the scattering component from background ECE. Signals that can be attributed to the CTS were obtained and the analysis method of these data are developed (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)