bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Teriparatide in Fracture Healing in Lower Limbs- An Interventional Study
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Sahni Girish , Chawla Harjit K Singh , Singh Daljinder
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Many of the trauma patients presenting to the orthopaedic departments suffer from lower limb fractures. This often leads to prolonged period of morbidity and absence from work. Fracture healing can be delayed in elderly patients, postmenopausal women and in communited fractures. Teriparatide (TPH) given subcutaneously for 6 to 9 months, in such cases, may promote clinical and radiological union of bone. Aim: To know the effect of TPH in improving clinical and radiological union and also to evaluate early weight bearing, improvement in pain and functional outcome. Materials and Methods: In this prospective interventional study, a total of 125 patients were initially enrolled for the study and then after meeting inclusion criteria total 104 patients were selected for the study. They were allocated into two groups by randomisation by 1:1 method-group A was test group of 52 cases in which subcutaneous injection TPH 20 mcg daily (for six months) was given along with standard dosage of calcium and vitamin D; while in 52 cases in group B (control group) only calcium and vitamin D were given. Injection TPH was started within 10 days of fracture and given for six months. No placebo injection was given in control group. Time to weight bearing, time to clinical and radiological union and pain by Visual Analogue Score (VAS) were noted at regular follow-up at one month, three months, six months and 12 months and were compared in both the groups. Functional outcome by Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score was noted as an additional tool, as DASH score questionnaire shows many activities of daily living that require mobility and stability of lower limb too. Adverse reactions were noted and compared within test and control groups. The collected data were analysed using International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 software and Mann-Whitney U test was used to calculate p-value. Results: Average time period for full weight bearing with or without support for test group A was 11±2.7 weeks and 16±1.8 weeks in control group B (p-0.001). Average time to clinical union in test group was 12±1.9 weeks and in control group 16±2.2 weeks (p-0.001). Average time to radiological union was 13±1.4 weeks in test group while 22±2.2 weeks in control group (p-0.001). Pain score by VAS and functional outcome by DASH were improved in test group (p-0.001). There was no difference in adverse reactions in both the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Regular intake of TPH 20 mcg subcutaneous daily for six months can reduce time to clinical and radiological fracture union, promote early weight bearing and provide better pain control. Hence, better functional outcome and prefracture ambulatory status can be achieved with no significant adverse events.
Maternal Near Miss Events in Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Ingole Sonali J , Chaudhary Shilpa N
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Over the years, continuous efforts have been made for improving reproductive health status of women. In India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) has set Maternal Near Miss (MNM) review operational guidelines. Aim: Analysis of the incidence and causes of MNM cases in tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital from January 2010 to September 2018. MNM cases were identified according to the criteria given by MoHFW, MNM review operational guidelines. Following parameters (variables) were noted viz., age, parity, obstetric haemorrhage, severe anaemia, sepsis, therapeutic interventions, etc., and analysed. Quantitative data was analysed by calculating means, ratios and proportions, using SPSS software (Version 21.0). Results: There were total 36,366 deliveries during the study period. A total of 315 Maternal Near Miss cases were noted. Hypertensive disorders n=133 (42.2%) in pregnancy was the leading cause of MNM events at the hospital. This was followed by obstetric haemorrhage n =97 (30.79 %), and severe anaemia constituting n=36 (11.42%), and Sepsis n=30 (9.52%). Mortality index was highest in the sepsis group n=5 (14.28%) followed by severe anaemia n=3 (7.69%). Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders were most common cause of near miss cases followed by obstetric haemorrhage. Sepsis was commonest cause of maternal mortality. Early identification of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, obstetric haemorrhage, severe anaemia and sepsis; and prompt treatment of these causes may help in reducing near miss and maternal mortality.
Management of Liver Abscesses at a Teaching Hospital in Rural Haryana- A Prospective Study
Authors: Arora Pratul , Tiwari Pawan , Agarwal Prem Narayan , garwal Priti A , Kainth Akhil Kumar , Yadav Dev
Published: May 2021

Introduction: With the rise of change in imaging modalities like Computed Tomography (CT) scan or Ultrasonography (USG) the treatment of liver abscess has changed leading to reduction in morbidity and mortality. Liver abscess is more common in developing countries like India. Aim: To determine the methods for aetiological diagnosis of liver abscesses and to evaluate various methods for treatment of liver abscesses and select appropriate treatment modality on the basis of clinicomicrobiological findings. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective study of 60 cases diagnosed as liver abscesses both amoebic and pyogenic which were managed in rural tertiary care centre between the period of November 2018 to April 2020 were included in the study. A preformed protocol was made for the management of all patients diagnosed with liver abscess and various parameters contributing to the illness like age, gender, associated conditions and clinical features. The prognosis was evaluated and assessed by using laboratory investigations, radiological findings to check the response to treatment by selecting appropriate treatment modality. Statistical analysis was done with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 for windows; Chicago, USA. Results: In this study amoebic liver abscess was more common as compared to pyogenic liver abscess {42 (70%) and 18 (30%)}. Liver abscess was more common in males as compared to females (4:1). History of alcohol consumption was strongly associated with the aetiology of liver abscess. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom in these patients. Conclusion: Proper clinical evaluation along with radiological imaging modalities has led to the early diagnosis of liver abscess. Microbiological investigations like blood antibody Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) for Entamoeba histolytica is not in favour of diagnosing amoebic liver abscess. Conservative management is effective for minor abscesses.
Atypical and Severe Manifestations of Scrub Typhus in Children: Hiding without the Rash
Authors: Marwah Ashish , Marwrwah Poonam Mehta Nee
Published: May 2021

Scrub typhus has rarely been reported as a cause of acute febrile illness with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) among children from northern India plains. The diagnostic dilemma is further enhanced when the children do not present with any rash or an eschar. Three such children (12 year old female girl, three year old female child and two year old male child) with severe scrub typhus presenting with AKI, ARDS and multi-organ dysfunction respectively are described in this case series. All were successfully managed with doxycycline and supportive management. This series highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with a low-cost drug like doxycycline based on high index of clinical suspicion and appropriate investigations in a case of paediatric scrub typhus.
Assessment of Participation of Women Farm Workers in Agricultural Activities in Maize-Wheat Cropping System of Udaipur District
Authors: Anusha M. , Mehta A. K.
Published: May 2021

Women play a major and crucial role within the agricultural operations. Agriculture is the major occupation in our country and more than 70% of the population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture. In India, 82% of the farmers own marginal and small land less than 2 hectares (Food and agriculture organization). Most Percentages of the women hail from rural areas where the impact of science and technology on the standard of living is limited. This study was conducted to investigate the Percentage participation of women farm workers in agriculture activities in district Udaipur during 2019-20. Five villages of Vallabh Nagar and Gogunda block/Tehsil of the Udaipur district of Rajasthan state were selected randomly for this study, representing the maize-wheat cropping area of the zone. An interview schedule was used to collect data from a random sample from 500 farmers with farm units less than or equal to 2 hectares and follows maize-wheat cropping system. Women in the study area showed active participation in agricultural activities together and alone in Gogunda and Vallabh Nagar blocks. Women of study area also showed the highest traditional participation and spends much time in agriculture activities. The average time spent by women per hectare basis in weeding operations, cob picking, stalk harvesting during maize crop are 94-161, 214, 99-118 hours/hectare/woman respectively and 110 – 138 hours/hectare/woman during harvesting in wheat crop. These activities are considered the most drudgery prone activities in Maize-Wheat cropping system. Moreover, women perform some of these identified tasks traditionally due to limited knowledge and skill in applying science and technology to daily living, which consumes most of their time and energy. These were the major causes of discontentment among women involved in agricultural activities. There is no doubt that some of the traditional implement have low risk. Still, at the same time they also have a low level of productivity whereas, improved agricultural tools and implements provides high productivity.
Application of Discriminant Analysis on the Forest Muturu Cattle in Different Locations in Southern Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Shaibu Sheidi Suleiman , Gwaza D. S. , Egahi J. O. , Elkana H.
Published: May 2021

About 238 mature Forest Muturu cattle were sampled from Southern Nigeria (Enugu, Imo, Delta, Anambra and Ebonyi) States. Discriminant analysis was performed on the effects of location using body weight and body linear parameters. Horn length was the only parameter selected for stepwise discriminant analysis to separate the populations of forest Muturu bulls. Horn length, muzzle circumference, body length, chest girt and ear length were the selected parameters by stepwise discriminant analysis to separate the forest Muturu cows populations. The strength of the canonical correlation model to explain the variations between the groups 0.615, 0.450, 0.364 and 0.335 for functions 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively among cows and 0.71, 0.59, 0.50 and 0.29 for functions 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively among bulls. Location was found to influence body parameters. There is need to carry out further study to assess performance characterization of the Forest Muturu cattle in Nigeria to identify the superior genetic grades base on economic traits which may be useful in establishing necleous breeding center.
Factors Contributing to Poor Academic Performance of Students in Kongo Senior High School in the Kongo District
Authors: Namale Matthew Kojo , Upoalkpajor Joshua-Luther Ndoye , Ayambire Cornelia Aganazure
Published: May 2021

The study investigated the factors influencing low academic performance of Kongo Senior High School Students in the Kongo District in the Upper East District. The Objectives of the study were to: identify the teacher factors that contribute to the low academic performance of students in Kongo Senior High School, identify how students’ attitude contribute to low academic achievement and indicate how school physical facilities contribute to low academic performance of students. The study also indicated the difference in perception between teachers and students with regard to ways teachers contribute to low academic achievement of students, indicate the difference in perception between teachers and students with regard to how school physical facilities contribute to low academic performance of students and indicate the perception between teachers and students about how students’ attitude contribute to low academic performance. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. A self-designed questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of .73 was used to gather data from a sample of 154 respondents. Purposive sampling method was used to select the school. Simple random sampling method was used to select student participants while convenient sampling method was used to select teachers for the study. The study revealed that teachers did not give feedback regularly to students. It was also found that students were not active in lesson. The study showed that the school did not have enough classroom furniture to to aid teaching and learning. Therefore, it was suggested that teachers should regularly give feedback on students’ work for them to know how they are doing in their subjects. It was also recommended that stakeholders of education should provide enough furniture for the school.
Using Eight-Variable Karnaugh Maps to Unravel Hidden Technicalities in Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Ali Rushdi Ali Muhammad , Badawi Raid Salih
Published: May 2021

We use a regular and modular eight-variable Karnaugh map to reveal some technical details of Boolean minimization usually employed in solving problems of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). We utilize as a large running example a prominent eight-variable political-science problem of sparse diversity (involving a partially-defined Boolean function (PDBF), that is dominantly unspecified). We recover the published solution of this problem, showing that it is merely one candidate solution among a set of many equally-likely competitive solutions. We immediately obtain one of these rival solutions, that looks better than the published solution in two aspects, namely: (a) it is based on a smaller minimal set of supporting variables, and (b) it provides a more compact Boolean formula. However, we refrain from labelling our solution as a better one, but instead we stress that it is simply un-comparable with the published solution. The comparison between any two rival solutions should be context-specific and not tool-specific. In fact, the Boolean minimization technique, borrowed from the area of digital design, cannot be used as is in QCA context. A more suitable paradigm for QCA problems is to identify all minimal sets of supporting variables (possibly via integer programming), and then obtain all irredundant disjunctive forms (IDFs) for each of these sets. Such a paradigm stresses inherent ambiguity, and does not seem appealing as the QCA one, which usually provides a decisive answer (irrespective of whether it is justified or not).The problem studied herein is shown to have at least four distinct minimal sets of supporting variables with various cardinalities. Each of the corresponding functions does not have any non-essential prime implicants, and hence each enjoys the desirable feature of having a single IDF that is both a unique minimal sum and the complete sum. Moreover, each of them is unate as it is expressible in terms of un-complemented literals only. Political scientists are invited to investigate the meanings of the (so far) abstract formulas we obtained, and to devise some context-specific tool to assess and compare them.
Development of a Crowdsourced-based Mobile Application for Measuring Quality of Internet Service Offered by Mobile Network Operators
Authors: Obe O. O. , Dahunsi F. M. , Adeniji Tolulade M.
Published: May 2021

Wireless mobile internet is migrating towards an integrated system of internet and mobile communication network to fulfill the future of mobile network requirement: ubiquitous communication, where mobile users move freely almost anywhere and have access to the internet, communicate with anyone, anytime with any application using the best service available. This demands rapid progress in mobile communication networks and their internet technologies. This research project on the analysis of the Quality of Service (QoS) provided by Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in the cellular internet networks. It aims to analyze and address the QoS of the internet network experienced by the user. QoS monitoring and analysis require the processing of large amounts of data and knowledge of which kinds of applications the traffic is generated by. To obtain satisfactory QoS based on internet network analysis, some network metrics must be measured and monitored at a regular time interval. In this research work, the network metric that will be measured for the internet service are signal strength, download speed, upload speed, and network transaction latency. This network metrics data will be collected from the consumer’s mobile device by the use of a crowdsourcing mobile application that is installed on the consumer’s mobile device. The investigation will cover mobile communication network providers in Nigeria. The data collated is then evaluated and analyzed.
Cultivation of Milky Mushroom (Calocybeindica) in Greenhouse
Authors: Indraja P. , Madhava M. , Satyam S. , Chandra P. R. , Prince S. Joy
Published: May 2021

Mushroom cultivation is one of the most important steps in diversification of agriculture. Milky mushroom (Calocybeindica) is a tropical edible mushroom, popular because of its good nutritive value and it can be cultivated commercially on large scale. Generally, by creating controlled environment in rooms mushroom cultivation is taken up, In traditional method  it is typical to manage the atmospheric temperature and humidity in desired range, which can be maintained easily in greenhouse by automatic control system.Cultivation of milky mushroom in greenhouse was taken up in controlled environment under three different conditions of controlled temperature and relative humidity (RH). The experimental conditions are 28°C and 79% RH, 24°C and 84% RH and 32°C and 72%RH. The yield obtained was found maximum at 24°C temperature and 84% relative humidity when compared with the other two greenhouse environment conditions. The yield from the mushroom cultivation under controlled environmental conditions in greenhouse was found to be high when compared with the conventional practice. It was concluded that, the mushroom cultivation yields high under controlled greenhouse conditions and also economical compared to the conventional method.
Physico-Chemical and Microbial Properties of Stored Mushroom Slices
Authors: Brahmini B. , Edukondalu L. , Bitra Venkata S. P. , Veeraprasad G.
Published: May 2021

Button mushroom (AgaricusbisporusL.) is extensively produced and consumed in the world. They are more perishable due to their high moisture content. Due to its short shelf-life, the mushroom is usually dehydrated for preservation. Hot air dried mushrooms result in losses in nutrients, colour degradation and deformation in structure. To overcome these problems, freeze-drying of mushroom slices was investigated. White button mushrooms after cleaning were vertically cut into 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm thick slices. Sliced mushrooms were frozen at −20 °C and then subjected to the freeze-drying at various heating plate temperatures of 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C. The effect of slice thickness and heating plate temperature on physicochemical properties like rehydration, porosity, firmness, water activity, colour, ascorbic acid, protein and microbial properties like total bacterial, yeast and mould were evaluated during the storage. Increase in the storage period resulted in decrease in porosity (73.25%), colour L* value (48.12), firmness (0.98 N), rehydration ratio (4.04), ascorbic acid content (14.47 mg/100 g) and protein content (19.15%), whereas the water activity (0.412) increased with the storage period. This may be due to the absorption of moisture during storage. Microbial analysis indicated by yeast count, mould count and total plate count was nil during the first three weeks of storage, whereas in the fourth week negligible growth was observed. So it is concluded that this may be due to the low water activity of stored mushroom slices.
Performance Evaluation: Four Chemiluminescent SARS-Cov-2 Immunoassays and Rapid-Card Test in Mild Disease and Seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 in Frontline Healthcare Workers
Authors: Setia Rasika , Dogra Mitu , Handoo Anil , Thangavel Gokhula Prasath , Yadav Ramesh , Barman Purabi , Kapoor Raj Kumar , Rahman Amena Ebadur
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic raised a host of challenges to modern medicine. Key amongst these were in diagnostics, as most SARS-CoV-2 assays had been rapidly developed and released under emergency-use authorization with limited validation on clinical samples and secondly, an increased risk of COVID-19 infection to healthcare workers (HCW). There are limited inter-assay comparisons to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cases with milder symptoms of COVID-19, necessary to evaluate whether assays can detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with mild infection. 

Aim: Therefore this study aimed to evaluate the performance of four chemiluminescence immunoassays and a rapid immunochromatographic assay in 100 rRT-PCR diagnosed-recovered frontline HCW with milder COVID-19 disease and secondly to evaluate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the asymptomatic frontline HCW at a multispeciality hospital in Delhi, India. Study Design: Serum and plasma samples were obtained from 100 rRT-PCR diagnosed-recovered frontline HCWs with mild disease working across the hospital, and performance of four common chemiluminescence immunoassays evaluated. Also samples of 505 asymptomatic, frontline HCWs working in hospital, who had not developed or shown any symptoms of COVID-19 infection to date was collected and the seroprevalence of infection was evaluated.

Place and Duration of the Study: A study was conducted at BLK Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi from September to October 2020.

Methods: Four chemiluminescence immunoassays [Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Nucleocapsid), Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (Nucleocapsid), Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics: VITROS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Spike) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (Spike)] and a rapid assay [Medsource Ozone Biomedicals] were evaluated in 100 rRT-PCR diagnosed-recovered frontline HCW with mild disease. Also, seroprevalence was studied in 505 asymptomatic, frontline HCW. 

Results: At manufacturers' thresholds, overall sensitivity for Abbott was 71%, Roche 96%, Ortho (both total and IgG(S) 99% and rapid card 56%. Seroprevalence in asymptomatic frontline HCW was found to be 17.6%, with positivity being higher in the HCW group not facing patients directly compared to direct patient caregivers (P = 0.0034).

Conclusion: Assay performance depends on assay design (total IgM & IgG antibodies versus IgG alone), choice of antigen, and time of sample testing from the onset of disease. In our study, Ortho Vitros total-Ab; IgG (Spike), and Roche Elecsys total-Ab (Nucleocapsid) assays were found to have optimal sensitivity. A seroprevalence study in the frontline HCWs at our institute showed that seroprevalence was higher (17.6%) in HCWs in comparison to the community.
Predisposing Factors Promoting COVID-19 Infection and Mortality
Authors: Anthonia Azike, Chidimma , Ngowari Jeremiah Owubokiri , Tamunonengiye-Ofori Orudukobipi
Published: May 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 infection has had an untold adverse impact on patients living with chronic disease, across various ethnicity/race, age and gender. Underlying hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and respiratory illness are key risk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and systematic inflammation. Patients who are immunosuppressed by virtue of their chronic disease, age or a therapy have been identified as susceptible groups. The redirection of healthcare services towards the increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients has compromised the healthcare delivery to patients with chronic illness. Movement restriction measures as approach to curb the spread of the infection have also compromised the metabolic health of many patients who need enhanced physical activity to improve their health. Media publications on COVID-19 infection and restrictions may have also contributed to the poor mental health of some individuals, especially patients with underlying mental conditions or its risk factors. The inadequate or availability of quality health care system across low income and developing regions especially, those with older age groups, has further accelerated the spread and death rate from COVID-19. Future research should be directed towards protecting vulnerable groups from possible waves of COVID-19 as a measure to reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on these individuals.
Evaluation of the Split-crest Technique with SimultaneousImplant Placement in Atrophic Edentulous Maxillary and Mandibular Bone: A 5-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Hamdan HoussamAbou , Aoun Georges , Nassar Jean , Salame Talal H.
Published: May 2021

Aim: To evaluate the behavior of the alveolar ridge split technique in a series of surgical cases.

Materials and Methods:  One hundred and fifty implants were included in this study for a total of 60 patients. The surgeries consisted of a mid-crestal incision and subsequent bone management with a piezoelectric system. The implants were placed after the alveolar bone was expanded by about 3mm and present bony defects were filled by a mixture of 50% autogenous bone and a xenograft (Bio-Oss®). Bone fracture of the buccal alveolar plate occurred in 8 cases, and those were stabilized with osteosynthesis screws. Implants were simultaneously placed in 140 cases, out of them 4 failures occurred due to membrane exposition.

Results: The osseointegration success was estimated to be 97.5%.

Conclusion: This study concluded that the bone splitting/expansion seem to be a reliable, predictable, relatively noninvasive technique with limited intraoperative complications.

Clinical significance: The study revealed that the alveolar ridge split can be used as an effective technique for atrophic edentulous maxillary and mandibular bone
Efficacy of Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema through Frequency-Doubled ND:YAG Laser (532NM) Green Laser
Authors: Gopang Zakaullah , Bhutto Shabeer Ahmed , Abbasi Safder Ali , Abbasi Fayaz Ali , Nagdev Vijay
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the efficacy of Frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) green laser in treatment of diabetic macular edema

Study Design: This is a descriptive case series study.

Setting: Study carried out at Ophthalmology Department, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, from 01-10-2019 to 31-03-2020 (06 months).

Materials and Methods: The patients with diabetic macular edema and were advised focal laser photocoagulation with help of frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) green laser. Improvement in visual acuity >2 lines after 3 months on snellen’s chart from the baseline was labeled as efficacy positive.

Results: The total of 150 patients were included to assess efficacy of frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) green laser in treating diabetic macular edema as a result improvement in visual acuity of 98 (65.33%) and no improvement or same vision in 52 (34.67%) patients was observed.

Conclusion: It is to be concluded that frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser (532 nm) green laser is an effective, useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool in treating diabetic macular edema.
Do Labour Migrants Bring Well-Being to the Households? Revisit the Pathway from Neoclassical to Pluralism
Authors: Siriwardhane Dinesha
Published: May 2021

Aim of this review is to review literature on the impact of international labour migration and remittances on household well-being and present a theoretical and a conceptual framework to facilitate empirical studies. Study found that, migration literature comprises diversified views which has been changed in different era with the changing socio-economic contexts of emigrating and immigrating countries. Present view, which is highly dominated by pluralists, provides theoretical foundation to link migration and remittances to household well-being. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks developed in this review provides a strong foundation for empirical analysis.
No strong HLA association with MOG antibody disease in the UK population
Authors: Grant‐Peters Melissa , Passos Giordani Rodrigues Dos , Yeung Hing‐Yuen , Jacob Anu , Huda Saif , Leite Maria Isabel , Dendrou Calliope A. , Palace Jacqueline
Published: May 2021

Improvements in assays for detecting serum antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) have led to the appreciation of MOG‐antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) as a novel disorder. However, much remains unknown about its etiology. We performed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) analysis in 82 MOGAD patients of European ancestry in the UK population. No HLA class II associations were observed, thus questioning the mechanism of anti‐MOG antibody generation. A weak protective association of HLA‐C*03:04 was observed (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.10‐0.71, pc = 0.013), suggesting a need for continued efforts to better understand MOGAD genetics and pathophysiology.
Conducting Polymer‐Ionic Liquid Electrode Arrays for High‐Density Surface Electromyography
Authors: Velasco‐Bosom Santiago , Karam Nuzli , Carnicer‐Lombarte Alejandro , Gurke Johannes , Casado Nerea , Tomé Liliana C. , Mecerreyes David , Malliaras George G.
Published: May 2021

Surface electromyography (EMG) is used as a medical diagnostic and to control prosthetic limbs. Electrode arrays that provide large‐area, high density recordings have the potential to yield significant improvements in both fronts, but the need remains largely unfulfilled. Here, digital fabrication techniques are used to make scalable electrode arrays that capture EMG signals with mm spatial resolution. Using electrodes made of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composites with the biocompatible ionic liquid (IL) cholinium lactate, the arrays enable high quality spatiotemporal recordings from the forearm of volunteers. These recordings allow to identify the motions of the index, little, and middle fingers, and to directly visualize the propagation of polarization/depolarization waves in the underlying muscles. This work paves the way for scalable fabrication of cutaneous electrophysiology arrays for personalized medicine and highly articulate prostheses.
Bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction enhanced nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing ammonia and sulfate
Authors: Ren Jiaqi , Wu Gaoming , Xia Zheng , Wang Mingming , Wei Jun , Yang Bin , Hou Yang , Lei Lecheng , Wu Di , Li Zhongjian
Published: May 2021

Low organic carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio and existing sulfate (SO42−) in industrial wastewater limited nitrogen removal. Coupling SO42− reduction with sulfide autotrophic denitrification provides a novel strategy. Herein, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction was coupled with heterotrophic sulfate reduction to drive sulfide autotrophic denitrification. In this coupled system, total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was increased from ~25% to ~85% by inputting −45 mA electricity. With the help of supplying electrons to denitrification through SO42− reduction, coulomb efficiency was improved to 61.5%. Also, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction could improve sulfur recovery and thus increase TN removal efficiency. Furthermore, through tuning turnover numbers of SO42−, high TN removal efficiency can be obtained at various concentrations of SO42−. Moreover, main functional bacteria in this system were identified. Finally, ~75% TN removal efficiency was achieved with real wastewater in this system. Overall, this work offered a new approach for efficient nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing SO42−.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib for relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoid blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jain Nitin , Maiti Abhishek , Ravandi Farhad , Konopleva Marina , Daver Naval , Kadia Tapan , Pemmaraju Naveen , Short Nicholas , Kebriaei Partow , Ning Jing , Cortes Jorge , Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: May 2021

Relapsed/refractory (R/R) Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) and lymphoid blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (LBP‐CML) have poor outcomes. We designed a phase 1/2 study combining inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib for this patient population. Patients with T315I mutation were excluded. Bosutinib was administered daily at three dose levels (300 mg/d, 400 mg/d, 500 mg/d) in a 3 + 3 design. Inotuzumab ozogamicin was dosed weekly during cycle one, and once every 4 weeks subsequently for a total of six cycles. The primary objective was to determine the safety and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of bosutinib in combination with inotuzumab ozogamicin. Eighteen patients were enrolled (Ph‐positive ALL, n = 16; LBP‐CML, n = 2). The median age was 62 years (range, 19–74) and the median number of prior therapies was one (range, 1–5). Dose limiting toxicities included grade 3 skin rash and bosutinib 400 mg daily was determined as the MTD. The most frequent grade 3/4 treatment‐emergent adverse events were thrombocytopenia (60%) and neutropenia (38%). A complete response (CR) / CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) was achieved in 15/18 (83%) patients; 11/18 (61%) patients achieved negative measurable residual disease by flow cytometry. Complete molecular response was noted in 10/18 (56%) patients. The 30‐day mortality was 0%. After a median follow‐up of 44 months, the median duration of response and overall survival were 7.7 months and 13.5 months, respectively. Six patients had a subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplant. No patient developed veno‐occlusive disease. Inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib was well tolerated in R/R Ph‐positive ALL and LBP‐CML.
The discipline of dysmorphology and the beauty of art
Authors: Pyle Louise C.
Published: May 2021

A physician learns to appreciate art by first learning the human form through dysmorphology, and via the art collection of physician Dr. Albert C. Barnes and the Barnes Museum (Philadelphia, PA).
TMEM106B and CPOX are genetic determinants of cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarker levels
Authors: Hong Shengjun , Dobricic Valerija , Ohlei Olena , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J. B. , Prokopenko Dmitry , Tijms Betty M. , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Vandenberghe Rik , Gabel Silvy , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni , Blin Olivier , Richardson Jill C. , Bordet Regis ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Lleó Alberto , Alcolea Daniel , Popp Julius , Clark Christopher , Peyratout Gwendoline , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Dobson Richard J. B. , Legido‐Quigley Cristina , Sleegers Kristel , Van Broeckhoven Christine , Tanzi Rudolph E. , ten Kate Mara , Wittig Michael , Franke Andre , Lill Christina M. , Barkhof Frederik , Lovestone Simon , Streffer Johannes , Zetterberg Henrik , Visser Pieter Jelle , Bertram Lars
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Neurofilament light (NfL), chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40), and neurogranin (Ng) are biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) to monitor axonal damage, astroglial activation, and synaptic degeneration, respectively.

Methods

We performed genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using DNA and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the EMIF‐AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study for discovery, and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study for validation analyses. GWAS were performed for all three CSF biomarkers using linear regression models adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results

We identify novel genome‐wide significant associations between DNA variants in TMEM106B and CSF levels of NfL, and between CPOX and YKL‐40. We confirm previous work suggesting that YKL‐40 levels are associated with DNA variants in CHI3L1.

Discussion

Our study provides important new insights into the genetic architecture underlying interindividual variation in three AD‐related CSF biomarkers. In particular, our data shed light on the sequence of events regarding the initiation and progression of neuropathological processes relevant in AD.
Stable Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Copper(II/I) Redox Mediators Bearing a Pentadentate Ligand
Authors: Rui Hailong , Shen Junyu , Yu Ze , Li Lihua , Han Hongxian , Sun Licheng
Published: May 2021

In recent years, copper redox mediators have attracted growing interest in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). However, experiments revealed that ubiquitously used Lewis‐base additives in the electrolytes coordinate to the CuII species, which restricts further enhancement of device performance and stability. We report the application of copper complexes endowed with diamine‐tripyridine pentadentate ligands, [Cu(tpe)]2+/+ (tpe=N‐benzyl‐N,N′,N′‐tris(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethylenediamine) and [Cu(tme)]2+/+ (tme=N‐benzyl‐N,N′,N′‐tris(6‐methylpyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethylenediamine), as redox mediators in DSCs. Experimental measurements demonstrate that the coordination environment of Cu(II) complexes with pentadentate ligands remains unchanged in the presence of TBP, which is in stark contrast to the state‐of‐the‐art bipyridyl counterpart. DSCs based on [Cu(tme)]2+/+ complexes exhibit an excellent long‐term stability and maintain more than 90 % of the initial efficiency after 400 h under continuous illumination, which outperform the reference devices incorporating the bipyridyl counterpart (less than 80 %) under identical conditions.
Kirkendall Effect Boosts Phosphorylated nZVI for Efficient Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Li Meiqi , Shang Huan , Li Hao , Hong Yanfeng , Ling Cancan , Wei Kai , Zhou Biao , Mao Chengliang , Ai Zhihui , Zhang Lizhi
Published: May 2021

Removal of non‐biodegradable heavy metals has been the top priority in wastewater treatment and the development of green technologies remains a significant challenge. We demonstrate that phosphorylated nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) is promising for removal of heavy metals (NiII, CuII, CrVI, HgII) via a boosted Kirkendall effect. Phosphorylation confines tensile hoop stress on the nZVI particles and “breaks” the structurally dense spherical nZVI to produce numerous radial nanocracks. Exemplified by NiII removal, the radial nanocracks favor the facile inward diffusion of NiII and the rapid outward transport of electrons and ferrous ions through the oxide shell for surface (NiII/electron) and boundary (NiII/Fe0) galvanic exchange. Accompanied by a pronounced hollowing phenomenon, phosphorylated nZVI can instantly reduce and immobilize NiII throughout the oxide shell with a high capacity (258 mg Ni g−1 Fe). For real electroplating factory wastewater treatment, this novel nZVI performs simultaneous NiII and CuII removal, producing effluent of stable quality that meets local discharge regulations.
Heteroaromatic Hyperbranched Polyelectrolytes: Multicomponent Polyannulation and Photodynamic Biopatterning
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Xiao Minghui , Xue Ke , Li Mingzhao , Liu Dongming , Wang Yong , Yang Xinzhe , Hu Yubing , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Qin Anjun , Zhu Chunlei , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2021

We reported an efficient multicomponent polyannulation for in situ generation of heteroaromatic hyperbranched polyelectrolytes by using readily accessible internal diynes and low‐cost, commercially available arylnitriles, NaSbF6, and H2O/AcOH. The polymers were obtained in excellent yields (up to 99 %) with extraordinary high molecular weights (Mw up to 1.011×106) and low polydispersity indices. The resulting polymers showed good processibility and high quantum yields with tunable emission in the solid state, making them ideal materials for highly ordered fluorescent photopatterning. These hyperbranched polyelectrolytes also possessed strong ability to generate reactive oxygen species, which allowed their applications in efficient bacterial killing and customizable photodynamic patterning of living organisms in a simple and cost‐effective way.
Katalytische Erzeugung von Carbanionen durch Carbonyl‐Umpolung
Authors: Wang Shun , König Burkhard
Published: May 2021

Carbonyl‐Umpolung ist eine leistungsstarke Strategie in der organischen Chemie, um komplexe Moleküle zu konstruieren. In den letzten Jahren wurden vielseitige katalytische Ansätze für die Erzeugung von Acylanionenäquivalenten aus Carbonylen entwickelt, aber Methoden zur katalytischen Gewinnung von Alkyl‐Carbanionen aus Carbonylen sind noch in einem frühen Stadium. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst die jüngsten Fortschritte bei der Erzeugung von Alkyl‐Carbanionen durch katalytische Carbonyl‐Umpolung zusammen. Zwei verschiedene katalytische Ansätze können genutzt werden, um Alkyl‐Carbanionen aus Carbonylverbindungen zu erzeugen: Die katalytische Wolff‐Kishner‐Reaktion und die katalytische Einelektronenreduktion von Carbonylen und Iminen. Wir diskutieren den Reaktionsumfang, mechanistische Einsichten und synthetische Anwendungen der Methoden sowie mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen.
Rational Design of Crystallization‐Induced‐Emission Probes To Detect Amorphous Protein Aggregation in Live Cells
Authors: Shen Di , Jin Wenhan , Bai Yulong , Huang Yanan , Lyu Haochen , Zeng Lianggang , Wang Mengdie , Tang Yuqi , Wan Wang , Dong Xuepeng , Gao Zhenming , Piao Hai‐Long , Liu Xiaojing , Liu Yu
Published: May 2021

Unlike amyloid aggregates, amorphous protein aggregates with no defined structures have been challenging to target and detect in a complex cellular milieu. In this study, we rationally designed sensors of amorphous protein aggregation from aggregation‐induced‐emission probes (AIEgens). Utilizing dicyanoisophorone as a model AIEgen scaffold, we first sensitized the fluorescence of AIEgens to a nonpolar and viscous environment mimicking the interior of amorphous aggregated proteins. We identified a generally applicable moiety (dimethylaminophenylene) for selective binding and fluorescence enhancement. Regulation of the electron‐withdrawing groups tuned the emission wavelength while retaining selective detection. Finally, we utilized the optimized probe to systematically image aggregated proteome upon proteostasis network regulation. Overall, we present a rational approach to develop amorphous protein aggregation sensors from AIEgens with controllable sensitivity, spectral coverage, and cellular performance.
Catalytic Generation of Carbanions through Carbonyl Umpolung
Authors: Wang Shun , König Burkhard
Published: May 2021

Carbonyl Umpolung is a powerful strategy in organic chemistry to construct complex molecules. Over the last few years, versatile catalytic approaches for the generation of acyl anion equivalents from carbonyl compounds have been developed, but methods to obtain alkyl carbanions from carbonyl compounds in a catalytic fashion are still at an early stage. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in the generation of alkyl carbanions through catalytic carbonyl Umpolung. Two different catalytic approaches can be utilized to enable the generation of alkyl carbanions from carbonyl compounds: the catalytic Wolff–Kishner reaction and the catalytic single‐electron reduction of carbonyl compounds and imines. We discuss the reaction scope, mechanistic insights, and synthetic applications of the methods as well as potential future developments.
DNA Framework‐Engineered Long‐Range Electrostatic Interactions for DNA Hybridization Reactions
Authors: Qu Zhibei , Zhang Yinan , Dai Zheze , Hao Yaya , Zhang Yichi , Shen Jianlei , Wang Fei , Li Qian , Fan Chunhai , Liu Xiaoguo
Published: May 2021

Long‐range electrostatic interactions beyond biomolecular interaction interfaces have not been extensively studied due to the limitation in engineering electric double layers in physiological fluids. Here we find that long‐range electrostatic interactions play an essential role in kinetic modulation of DNA hybridizations. Protein and gold nanoparticles with different charges are encapsulated in tetrahedral frameworks to exert diverse electrostatic effects on site‐specifically tethered single DNA strands. Using this strategy, we have successfully modulated the hybridization kinetics in both bulk solution and single molecule level. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that long‐range Coulomb interactions are the key factor for hybridization rates. This work validates the important role of long‐range electrostatic forces in nucleic acid‐biomacromolecule complexes, which may encourage new strategies of gene regulation, antisense therapy, and nucleic acid detection.
Highly efficient N‐doped carbon supported FeSx‐Fe2O3 catalyst for hydrogenation of nitroarenes via pyrolysis of sulfurized N,Fe‐containing MOFs
Authors: Li Xuewei , She Wei , Wang Jing , Li Weizuo , Li Guangming
Published: May 2021

Integrating MOFs as precursor, especially for employing N‐containing organic linkers, with sulfides is an effective method to prepare the highly efficient N‐doped carbon supported metal‐based catalysts for hydrogenation of nitroarenes. In this work, a N,Fe‐containing metal organic frameworks (MOFs; termed as MIL88‐HMTA) with spindle‐like structure was prepared via self‐assembly method, in which hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) linker was introduced as N source. Subsequently, N‐doped carbon supported FeSx‐Fe2O3 catalyst (named FeSx‐Fe2O3@CN) was fabricated upon the pyrolysis of sulfurized MIL88‐HMTA. Catalytic experiments reveal that the FeSx‐Fe2O3@CN delivered excellent performance for hydrogenation of nitroarenes in comparison with those of catalyst without sulfidation process (Fe2O3@CN) and conventional MIL88 derived catalyst (Fe2O3@C). The XRD, TEM, SEM/EDX, Raman, UV, and XPS analyses have revealed that the developed FeSx‐Fe2O3@CN catalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency was ascribed to synergistic effect between FeSx and Fe2O3 species, abundant structural defects, more Fe‐Nx species, and strengthened decomposition ability of hydrazine hydrate (N2H4⋅H2O). Furthermore, the effect of sulfidation ratio (the mass ratio between thioacetamide and MIL88‐HMTA) towards preparation of the developed FeSx‐Fe2O3@CN on the catalytic activity of hydrogenation reaction was also systematically performed. Notably, the optimized catalyst (denoted as FeSx‐Fe2O3@CN‐8) exhibited unexpected performance and recyclability for hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild condition. The pyrolysis of sulfurized N‐containing MOFs may present a facile approach for fabricating MOFs‐derived N‐doped carbon supported catalysts, which provides a potential application in heterogeneous catalytic reactions.