bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiomeds, an mHealth App for Self-Management to Support Swiss Patients With Heart Failure: 2-Stage Mixed Methods Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Simioni Lisa , Tessitore Elena , Hagberg Hamdi , Schneider-Paccot Aurélie , Blondon Katherine , Gschwind Liliane , Meyer Philippe , Ehrler Frederic
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Mobile health apps have shown promising results in improving self-management of several chronic diseases in patients. We have developed a mobile health app (Cardiomeds) dedicated to patients with heart failure (HF). This app includes an interactive medication list; daily self-monitoring of symptoms, weight, blood pressure, and heart rate; and educational information on HF delivered through various formats.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to perform a mixed methods usability study of Cardiomeds.

METHODS

Smartphone users with HF were recruited from the HF outpatient clinic at the University Hospital of Geneva. The usability test was conducted in 2 stages, with modifications made to the app after the first stage to address major usability issues. Each stage required 10 participants to perform 14 tasks, such as entering vital signs, entering a new medication and time of intake, or finding information about HF. Each task was timed, sessions were recorded, and all data were anonymized. After completing the tasks, patients completed the System Usability Scale 10-item questionnaire and answered 5 open questions about their perceptions of Cardiomeds.

RESULTS

Twenty patients with HF, 75% (15/20) of whom were men, with a mean age of 55 years, were included in this study. The average time to complete all 14 tasks was 18 (SD 5.7) minutes. Manual medication entry was the most time-consuming task, taking an average of 154.40 (SD 68.08) seconds in the first stage, 103.10 (SD 42.76) seconds in the second stage, and 128 (SD 63) seconds overall. The mean overall success rate was 77% (SD 0.23%) for the first stage and 94% (SD 0.07%) for the second stage. A total of 30% (3/10) of participants in the first stage completed all tasks without any help compared with 50% (5/10) of participants during the second stage. The average System Usability Scale score was 80% (SD 17%), showing a slight increase from 79% (SD 16%) in the first stage to 80% (SD 28%) in the second stage, which qualifies the app as “good” in terms of usability. Between the 2 stages, part of the app interface was redesigned to address the key issues identified in the first stage. Despite these improvements, problems related to guidance were frequent and comprised 36% (8/22) of the problems in the first stage and 40% (6/15) in the second stage. In response to open questions, 85% (17/20) of the participants responded that they would like to use the app when it became available.

CONCLUSIONS

The usability test indicated that Cardiomeds is a suitable and user-friendly app for patients with HF. The app will be further tested in a randomized clinical trial (2022-00731) after acute HF hospitalization to assess its impact on patients’ knowledge about HF, self-care, and quality of life.
Impact of opioid substances on the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system in the context of maintaining human body homeostasis (Preprint)
Authors: Malkowska Maria
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

An analysis of the use of opioid substances for analgesia and the creation of an additional risk factor associated with chronic physical dependence

OBJECTIVE

Narrative review

METHODS

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RESULTS

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CONCLUSIONS

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Parent-Child Relationships, Intergenerational Transfers, and the Residential Mobility in Later Life: A Three-Generation Perspective
Authors: YOO Ji-I , JEON Jae-Sik ,   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea
Published: July 2024

For older adults, internalized commitments through kinship may play a significant role in pooling resources for services from household chores to integrated care. If aging parents are asked to receive assistance from children or offer help to older parents, their mobility decisions are likely to be affected by the proximity to these family members. Despite the evidence of the link between parent-child relationships and residential choices, a few studies to date have examined kinship and financial support across three generations as determinants of the mobility of the elderly. Relying on data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), this study estimates panel logit models to explore how both kinship and financial support shape the residential trajectories of the elderly. We find that strong kinship tends to increase the likelihood of seniors’ moving toward older parents while financial help may substitute such effect. Our findings provide important implications for senior healthcare and housing policies.
ENERGY-EFFICIENT LIGHTING FOR GROWING MICROGREENS ON VERTICAL FARMS
Authors: FILATOV D.A. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, OLONIN I.YU. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Vertical farms are a new approach to growing vegetables and berries, caused by the development of lighting technology and digitalization of technological processes. In Russia, the vertical farm market is just beginning to develop. The issue of high cost of manufactured products remains relevant. The cost of production is 1.3-1.5 times higher than the market average. This is due to the high costs of energy resources, primarily electricity. The main share of electricity is accounted for by lighting systems (80-90 percent). (Research purpose) The research purpose is creating the next generation of dynamic engineering systems, primarily lighting systems for vertical farms with intelligent control based on a differentiated day-to-day electricity tariff using digital technologies. (Materials and methods) Conducted production tests of dynamic lighting control methods at one of the sites of the ReTEK company, which made it possible to identify a more advanced and energy-efficient technology for controlling the vertical farm lighting system. The studies were carried out indoors without access to natural light, the air temperature during the production tests was 20-23 degrees Celsius with a relative humidity of 60-70 percent. (Results and discussion) It was found that the fresh weight of microgreening plants under experimental light was 18.5 percent higher than under control. It was determined that the cost of electricity consumed per 1 kilogram of micro-green under experimental light turned out to be 55.4 percent lower than under control. (Conclusions) It has been shown that the creation of the next generation of dynamic engineering systems, primarily lighting systems for vertical farms with intelligent control based on a differentiated day-to-day electricity tariff using digital technologies can significantly reduce energy costs and, as a result, reduce the cost of agricultural production.
BIOMASS PYROLYSIS KINETICS MODELLING WITH INFLUENCE OF RAW MATERIAL COMPOSITION IN TUBULAR REACTORS
Authors: UZAKOV G.N. ,   Karshi engineering and economic Institute, Karshi,Republic Uzbekistan, MAMATKULOVA S.G. , SAFAROVA S.U.K. ,   Karshi engineering and economic Institute, Karshi,Republic Uzbekistan,   Karshi engineering and economic Institute, Karshi,Republic Uzbekistan
Published: July 2024

The pyrolysis process of plant biomass can be better understood by investigating the kinetic mechanism of the decomposition process of various components. Biomass can have different structures, thermophysical properties and chemical composition, which affects the kinetics of the pyrolysis process. (Research purpose) The research purpose is simulating and studying the kinetics of the pyrolysis process of corn cob particles, which allows to determine the rate of chemical reactions occurring during the decomposition of the material, and identifying the main factors affecting the rate and efficiency of pyrolysis. (Materials and methods) The biomass of corn cobs, which has a particle size of 0.02 square meters and has thermophysical properties, was used for analysis using Comsol multiphysics software. (Results and discussion) We have obtained models that describe temperature trends, especially the temperature in the center of biomass. It was shown that the temperature on the surface of the biomass reaches a peak of 727 Kelvin after 460 seconds; the temperature in the center of the biomass reaches 794 Kelvin after 433 seconds. It was shown that the activation energy and frequency coefficient are derived from the slope of the linear regression line and the intersection. (Conclusions) It was found that the process of pyrolysis of biomass of a corn cob particle occurred in the temperature range of 190-432 degrees Celsius; at a temperature of 190 degrees Celsius, the biomass began to lose mass, and the mass loss stopped at a temperature of 432 degrees Celsius. The kinetic parameters were calculated by the Kissinger method. The least squares method and correlation analysis were used to calculate kinetically constant parameters. It was stated that the results will be useful to optimize the process of pyrolysis of biomass. It was determined that in the Kissinger method the kinetic parameters were the same for the entire pyrolysis process; the correlation coefficient between temperature and heating rate in the model is 0.79.
DETERMINATION OF THE VELOCITY AND FLOW RATE OF THE AEROSOL JET IN CIRCULAR SELF-PROPELLED SPRINKLERS
Authors: CHERNYKH A.G. ,   Irkutsk State Agrarian University named after A.A. Ezhevskiy, Molodezhnyy settlement, Irkutsk district, Irkutsk region, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Circular self-propelled sprinkler systems are highly efficient equipment for watering crops by sprinkling. Considering the diameter of irrigation, uniformity and productivity of the installation largely depend on the parameters and relative location of sprinklers on the main pipeline of the sprinkler machine, the assessment of the parameters of artificial rain for compliance with the set values for irrigation conditions requires appropriate theoretical and practical studies. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to theoretically calculate and experimentally confirm the results obtained characterizing the speed and performance of the aerosol jet at the outlet of the sprinkler in the fine sprinkling system, in relation to the main pipeline of the self-propelled sprinkler. (Materials and methods) The ballistic theory of the motion of droplets in the air in the Frene-Serre coordinate system perpendicular to the irrigation plane was used to construct a mathematical model of the motion of an aerosol jet. A set of sprinklers located on the main pipeline of a wide-scope circular sprinkler machine of the T-L Irrigation company was considered as an object of research. (Results and discussion) A mathematical model has been proposed for calculating the movement of an aerosol sprinkler jet in the air, which makes it possible to bring the volume flow rate of the sprinkler to an equivalent diameter and wetting depth in the irrigation plane. It has been shown that the data obtained make it possible to predict for a given set of sprinklers the depth of irrigation per unit of irrigated surface in the plane of the figure formed by two circles determined by the circular motion of two adjacent support trolleys of the machine. (Conclusions) It was determined that in order to bring the uniformity coefficient of circular sprinklers to a normalized value, when compiling appropriate mathematical models of the irrigation process, further adaptation of the movement of a single drop in the air to the parameters of artificial rain formed by the spray jet of the sprinkler is required.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AN ANIMAL IN A BIOMACHINE’S SYSTEM: PRACTICAL USE
Authors: MILUSHEV R.K. ,   ФГБНУ ВНИИТиН, KIPARISOV S.E. ,   ФГБНУ ВНИИТиН
Published: July 2024

Due to automated biomachine’s systems on dairy farming, in particular, robotic milking lines appearing, the problem of machinery and animals’ connections and mutual influence study has become relevant. In this case, an animal - is the biomachine system’s main link. The most important characteristic of an animal as biomachine system’s element is the dependence of its production on any factors during the technological process acting. At animals in biomachine systems using, one of the main factors determining the dairy cattle breeding profitability is balanced feed taking into account modern standards’ requirements, and modern functional balance additives in ration using. The prediction one of the feed’s options effectiveness as a new technical solution, in order to its development feasibility assessment and then implementation was carried out by animal production mathematical modeling obtained from the cows’ dry feed additives using. Its recipe the following ingredients: fullfat milk thistle’s seeds as a filler, biologically active substances - as vitamin E, probiotic and betaine using. At each other interacting, they cause a synergistic effect and were sharply needed by high production cows. This experimental additive’s recipe by weight% is: milk thistle’s crushed grain - 92,76; profort - 6,00; betaine hydrochloride (97%) is 1,20; vitamin E (50%) in loose- 0,04 is given. This preparation’s active substance amount in percentage showing. The developed additive in dry cows’ ration at 0,4 kg of dose per head per day was tested. Its use made it possible the cows’ milk production in 4,3% increasing. The animals had had feed additive, calving was easier and the body condition to normal faster had restored. The feed additive based on milk thistle grains and biologically active substances in dry cows’ feed of using had a positive effect on the technological process’s final result.
THE SEVERAL ASPECTS OF MILK PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS QUALITY IMPROVING
Authors: PIGINA S.Y. ,   Московская гос. академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии им. К.И. Скрябина, LAPTEV S.V. , KARPOVA E.A. ,   Московская гос. академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии им. К.И. Скрябина,   Московская гос. академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии им. К.И. Скрябина
Published: July 2024

A systematic analysis of the dairy market’s state and literature data reflecting the current milk production situation, as well as veterinary department’s statistics indicating low commercial quality of milk due to mastitis’ clinical and subclinical forms development had given. The Russian cows’ average age is 2,7 lactation. The decisive role in mastitis’ etiology depends on three interrelated factors - infectious agents, macroorganism’s protective properties and environmental influences. The mastitis’ incidence in dairy cows averages about 25%, but the latent mastitis’ form occurs in 50% of lactating cows. The legislative, regulatory and methodological framework for safety ensuring and milk and dairy products quality in our country is largely consistent with international requirements. At the same time some standards for Russian raw milk quality and safety assessing are significantly lower than European ones. The operating and logistics costs increasing, limited of foreign components availability and equipment have led to dairy producers’ costs increasing. High producing costs, the number of cows reducing, import prices rising and processing utilization capacities decreasing are important factors of raw milk prices’ dynamic changing. Measures of efficiency improving and competitive dairy cattle products’ producing volume and consumer’s market saturation increasing are proposed. The main directions of subindustry effective development creating, technical reequipment and dairy farms and complexes’ comprehensive modernization, that capable safe high quality milk producing are highlighted. The economical-and-biological, technical-and-technological, organizational-and-financial factors that dairy cattle breeding resourcesaving technologies development are determined. The reserves of milk production increasing and quality of milk improving, production costs in agricultural organizations’ conditions reducing are considered.
DETERMINATION OF OUTGOING AIR FLOW VELOCITY AND PRESSURE IN THE AIRPIPE OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR CATTLE’S THERMAL STRESS REDUCING
Authors: DOVLATOV I.M. ,   Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ, KOMKOV I.V. , VLADIMIROV F.E. , BAZAEV S.O. ,   Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ,   Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ,   Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ
Published: July 2024

The management of commercial dairy cattle breeding requires optimal maintenance for animals’ genetic potential obtaining. This contributes to high cattle milk production achieving. Microclimate regulation plays a key role at animal’s health and preventing diseases maintaining. The comfortable conditions for animals make it possible their longevity and high milk production creating. Currently, there is the planet’s temperature increasing that affects animals’ negatively, leading to their health and production deterioration. Microclimate control and regulation can be provided with specialized materials and modern equipment helping. Artificial ventilation including supply, exhaust and a control system, minimizes the influence of human factor on indoor microclimate parameters maintaining. Temperature, humidity and ventilation indicators are important for comfortable conditions ensuring. The automated controller contributes to more efficient operation’s system, errors’ risk reducing and regulation’s accuracy increasing. The aim of this study was outgoing airflow velocity calculate methodology developing and automated system’s pipe pressure at cattle thermal stress reducing. Computer designing and data processing programs (Compass-3D and Microsoft Office) were used. This study results allow to determine the air flow rate at the time of duct’s exit from air pipe (0,475 m/s) and pressure changing in duct’s various sections from 34,15 Pa till 17,95 Pa (up to 52,56% of initial pressure). The study is important for animals’ keeping comfortable conditions ensuring and heat stress reducing, that in turn contributes to livestock production and health improving.
TECHNOLOGIES OF SEXED GENETICS IN LIVESTOCK
Authors: PETROV E.B. ,   Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ
Published: July 2024

The analysis of modern trends in bred livestock’s development based on artificial insemination in combination with seed cryopreservation technology and sex control technologies, that livestock enterprises profit increasing and animals’ maximum genetic potential realization ensuring, is carried out. Information on two exist commercial technologies of fluorescence-activated cell sorting is provided, when spermatozoa in an electromagnetic field separating are based and spermatozoa carrying an undesirable chromosome inactivating, and these methods’ disadvantages are described. Both technologies on the difference between X- and Y-spermatozoa in DNA present amount, that allows to separate them by highspeed cytometry flow in combination with a cell sorter are based. The first technology on the separation of spermatozoa in an electromagnetic field is based. At separating spermatozoa, a special DNA had died and an analytical flow cytometric system is used, that had been supplemented with a device for cells’ directional orientation in the flow contributing to clearer differences in light emission identification. The second technology by an alternative method using and the official patented name "Seed with a biased sex ratio" was created. The aim of this development - is the sperm’s harmful effects by the fertilizing capacity at heifers’ comparable yield increasing to reduce. Despite the fact that these highspeed flow cytometry technologies, based on the the DNA content difference in X- and Y-spermatozoa, are being improved, the presence of patent restrictions forces, a lot of researchers other sperm sexing methods’ using. This systematizes information study is about existing technologies for semen separating by sex and outlines promising areas of work in this field based on the biological characteristics of spermatozoa that the X or Y chromosome are carrying.
THE RABBIT’S PLUFF PRODUCING TECHNOLOGY AT VARIOUS RABBIT KEEPING SYSTEMS
Authors: KHARLAMOV K.V. ,   Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ
Published: July 2024

The Angora rabbit, in depending on its keeping conditions gives about 1 kg of fluff per year. The fluff yield per 1 kg of body weight is in several times higher than sheep’s one. The Angora breed is fed according to almost the same standards as ordinary meat skinned rabbits: granular compound feeds, hay, juicy feeds. For rabbits, it is necessary proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, minerals in rations taking into account their digestibility normalizing. In order the fluff of rabbits to be clean, they should be fed with granular feed consisting mainly of cereals ground grains with lesser extent legumes, that are replaced with grass meal about 20% in the ration (the most expensive component), other types of feed, including 0,5% table salt and 1% of vitamin and mineral premix. The granulated feed should contain 86-90% of dry matter, 12-18% of crude protein, 12-16% of crude fiber, about 3% of fat. It is important in order to getting avoid wool wet and soiling during feeding and watering. The Angora breed includes rabbits with long fluffy hair. The data on awn and fluff ratio confirming in the other studies are presented. The wool quantity and quality obtaining from Angora rabbits is largely depending on feeding level and the nutrients’ degree that animals needs with the balanced ration’s correct ratio are met. Feed costs per unit of Angora rabbits’ pure wool fiber are in 3 times lower than sheep’s one, and in 38% lower than Angora goats: per 1 kg of Rambouillet sheep’s pure wool spend 2,520 MJ of digestible energy. The hair cover’s qualitative indicators such as shine, splendor, elasticity, balance and hair’s strength are indicated.
Redes organizacionales y redes informáticas: Componentes y fenómenos que las entrelazan
Authors: Castillo Alarcón Rony
Published: July 2024

Este ensayo realiza una revisión bibliográfica en el campo de la investigación seminal de las Redes Organizacionales, a través de una analogía conceptual e instrumental empleando un análisis de integración de MaccInnis. En su desarrollo se identificaron siete distintos componentes propios de las Redes organizacionales y fenómenos vinculatorios con las Redes computacionales. Acotando las configuraciones específicas de cada Red, es posible plantear una afinidad entre los elementos de la arquitectura informática y el campo de estudio de las Redes Organizacionales para apoyar la comprensión de estas últimas y de esta forma contribuir tanto al fortalecimiento de su investigación académica como en la evaluación de sus implicancias para el desempeño del mundo empresarial en entornos actuales de creciente complejidad y competitividad.
Цифровой проект организации строительства: понятие, современные требования, программное обеспечение
Authors: Федосов Сергей , Опарина Людмила , Федосеев Вадим
Published: July 2024

В статье обозначена актуальность и важность разработки проекта организации строительства (ПОС) в современном цифровом формате. Рассмотрено понятие «Цифровой ПОС» и современные требования к этому документу. Установлено, что при разработке ПОС в цифровом виде используются технологии информационного моделирования и методы проектного управления. Представлены программные продукты для создания цифрового ПОС и их функциональные характеристики. Разработана схема формирования цифрового ПОС на этапах жизненного цикла объекта капитального строительства. Сделан вывод, что появление технологий информационного моделирования оказывает влияние не только на форму современного ПОС, но и должно учитываться при проектировании цифрового проекта организации строительства. Для обеспечения эффективного использования цифрового ПОС должна быть отлажена современная система организации управления строительством, при которой в разработку ПОС вовлечены представители проектной организации, заказчика и подрядчиков.
Юнкерштрассе: опыт виртуальной реконструкции исторической улицы Кёнигсберга времени И. Канта. XVIII – начало XIX века
Authors: Белинцева Ирина , Баранова Елена , Верещагин Вячеслав , Маслов Виталий , Саенко Ангелина
Published: July 2024

Реконструкция старинной городской среды конца XVIII века, а именно – несуществующей ныне застройки кёнигсбергской улицы Юнкерштрассе, даёт возможность понять своеобразие жизненного окружения и специфику архитектуры зданий, связанных с повседневной жизнью и кругом общения философа Иммануила Канта. Во второй части статьи особое вни-мание уделено формированию архитектурного образа придворной аптеки известного фармацевта, профессора Кёнигсбергского университета Карла Готфрида Хагена, ближайшего друга Иммануила Канта. 3D-модель комплекса аптеки выполнена на основе письменных и изобразительных источников – гравюр и рисунков XIX века, фотографий XIX – начала XX века. Для реконструкции в виртуальном формате здание аптеки Хагена оказалось сложным объектом из-за большого количества архитектурных элементов, каждый из которых приходилось прорисовывать вручную. Здание аптеки примыкало к гостинице «Немецкий дом», расположенной на улице Театерштрассе (Кервидергассе) – одного из частых мест посещения русскими путешественниками в Восточной Пруссии. На 3D-изображении воссоздан облик этого популярного в конце XVIII – начале XIX века сооружения.
Эволюция принципов формирования архитектурных комплексов исторических промышленных предприятий Центральной России
Authors: Снитко Александр
Published: July 2024

Многие архитектурные комплексы исторических промышленных предприятий региона формировались на протяжении полутора, а то и двух веков. За это время произошла смена цивилизационно-технологических эпох, менялись социально-экономические системы, происходило культурное развитие общества. Все эти изменения не могли не сказаться на эволюции основ промышленного строительства и, в частности, на принципах формирования генеральных планов предприятий, их архитектурных комплексов. В статье выполнен анализ эволюции подходов к осуществлению застройки промышленных предприятий не только с производственно-технологической, но и пространственно-художественной точек зрения. Отмечены ещё не решённые современные проблемы исторических промышленных архитектурных комплексов.
«Досвердловский» период в творческой деятельностиархитектора-художника С.В. Домбровского
Authors: Сапрыкина Наталья
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена малоисследованному «досвердловскому» периоду проектной и преподавательской деятельности архитектора-художника С.В. Домбровского. В ней раскрываются новые факты и сведения о его биографии, становлении в профессии, большом опыте практической работы в разных сферах, под руководством и в соавторстве с выдающимися мастерами-архитекторами в разнообразных стилях, в разных городах и странах в 1910–1920-е годы. Показан формирующийся интерес архитектора-художника к теоретическим основам архитектурного формообразования, поискам своего «пути к новой архитектуре», градостроительным решениям, преподавательской деятельности в области подготовки архитектурных кадров. Одной из важных страниц его жизни стала работа в Ярославле над первым генеральным планом исторического города и создание Ярославских государственных художественных мастерских, что практически стало «увертюрой» свердловского периода деятельности. Вводится в оборот новая научная информация, оценивается роль рассматриваемого периода в творческой карьере архитектора, а также вклад С.В. Домбровского в развитие Ярославля.
Personal Health Data Anonymization in China: The Legal Framework and Its Refinements
Authors: Yao Libo ,   Journal of Law research
Published: July 2024

China has adopted a dual approach to managing the anonymization of personal health data. In the context of the increasing collection of personal health information, china's current legal standards and practices of data anonymization are inadequate for data protection and utilization. In particular, the requirements of “unidentifiable” and “irreversible” for anonymized data are too high to achieve, and cannot properly address the challenges posed by technological progress. There are also inherent conflicts between the standards of “unidentifiable” and “irreversible” with the guidelines of “de-identification”. These issues affect the effective use of health data and the protection of individual privacy in China. Through a comparative analysis of the EU's “risk management” approach and the US's “de-identification” method in data anonymization, this paper explores the possibility of optimizing the “risk management” approach and the “de-identification” operation to reduce the regulatory uncertainty while enhancing data anonymization protection.
The paper proposes suggestions for revising and improving the requirements for personal health data anonymization in China. To better adapt to technological changes and the diverse needs for information use, this paper argues for the establishment of a dynamic legal framework that protects privacy and promotes data utilization, as well as draws on international practices to provide more flexible and adaptable legal responses.
Physician's Duty to Explain to Minor Patients: Focusing on the Supreme Court's decision of May 18, 2023, dated 2020 D218925
Authors: Kwon Oh-Sang ,   Journal of Law research
Published: July 2024

Medical treatment is based on a contract between the doctor and the patient, and the doctor must obtain the patient's consent to the medical treatment. This is to protect the patient's right to self-determination, and as a prerequisite for consent, the doctor is obligated to explain the medical treatment. However, there is no explicit regulation and no case law has directly addressed the duty of explanation for minor patients, but the recent Target Judgment has for the first time suggested that doctors have a direct duty to explain to minor patients and the requirements for determining that the duty of explanation has been violated.
As a prerequisite to discussing the validity of the target judgment, we examined the general theory of a physician's duty of explanation, the legal basis for a minor patient's capacity to consent, and the difference between a minor patient's capacity to consent to medical treatment and civil law capacity. We also confirmed that the term decision-making capacity, as used in the target judgment and the statute, has virtually the same meaning as consent.
After concluding that the duty of explanation to a minor patient is generally fulfilled by indirect explanation, but only by direct explanation, the case law sets out two requirements for recognizing a breach of a doctor's duty of explanation to a minor patient. There are several problems with the logic of the target judgment, first of all, considering that the other party to the duty of explanation, the minor patient, has decision-making capacity, adopting the direct explanation method is consistent with the protection and welfare of the minor patient's right to self-determination; secondly, even according to the logic of the target judgment, the criteria for determining decision-making capacity is still ambiguous; and thirdly, the indirect explanation method may be preferable in some cases, such as when a minor patient refuses medical treatment, which is an example of a situation where the target judgment requires the direct explanation method.
Considering the problems with the subject judgment, it is recommended that the direct explanation method, in which the physician directly explains the medical procedure to the minor patient, should be the principle for the physician's duty to explain the medical procedure to the minor patient, and that specific practice guidelines should be developed to allow indirect explanations to minimize the confusion that may arise in the medical field.
Applications of Medical Big Data and Personal Information Protection
Authors: Tang Hong , Xiang Chen ,   Journal of Law research
Published: July 2024

In the current social environment, the generation and application of medical big data is closely related to the personal information security of every citizen. With the continuous development of medical technology, the application of medical big data has become increasingly widespread. On one hand, it can promote the development of medical technology, including drug development, personalized medicine, and precision treatment. On the other hand, medical big data also concerns the private information of citizens, which is a crucial part of personal information protection. However, in practice, there often exists a contradiction between medical big data and the protection of citizens' personal information rights. From the perspective of medical big data, there are overlaps and differences among citizens' personal information, privacy information, medical health information, and medical big data information. Relying solely on the “informed consent” rule for personal information cannot effectively protect personal information comprehensively or guarantee the application and development of medical big data. This article analyzes the issues surrounding Chinese medical big data in terms of personal information from a legal perspective, and proposes corresponding solutions to these issues. It is hoped that this research can contribute to advancing the legalization of medical data openness, re-examining patients' personal information in the context of medical big data, and balancing the conflicts between individual privacy interests, public interests, and economic benefits of medical data, thus better protecting individuals' personal information interests under social and private benefits.
A Paradigm Transformation and Legislative Review on the Liability of Mental Illness to Tort
Authors: Song Young-Min ,   Journal of Law research
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes amendments to Articles 754 and 755 of the Civil Code in two aspects: 「Adaptation of an aged society」, such as elderly dementia patients, and 「Relief of Victims」, which have been damaged by them. The basic legal principles of the amendment are as follows.
First, there is a legal supervisory duty. Victims may claim the corresponding amount of damage from the perspective of equity to the mentally disabled and the person liable for legal supervision. However, a person liable for legal supervision is exempted if he/she proves his/her non-fault. From the standpoint of a person liable for legal supervision, in principle, they bear responsibility, and exceptionally, they are exempted from responsibility.
Compared to the current civil law, this logic may be seen as over-emphasizing the relief of victims, but it is not excessive in light of the fact that the victim must prove the illegal activities of the mentally disabled, who is the perpetrator, and the Korean civil law particularly emphasizes the relief of victims.
Next is the case where there is no legal supervisory duty. From the perspective of equity, the victim may claim the corresponding amount of damage to the mentally disabled and the person obligated to act against the mentally disabled.
However, in order to claim against the person obligated to act, the victim needs to prove the violation of the avoidance obligation based on the specific predictability of the mentally disabled person of the duty to act. From the standpoint of the person obligated to act, in principle, responsibility is exempted and responsibility is exceptionally borne.
Legal aid in China
Authors: Liang Qi ,   Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute has
Published: July 2024

Legal aid refers to a social security system where legal support is provided by government-established legal aid agencies or law firm-affiliated lawyers to economically disadvantaged individuals or parties in special cases. However, China's legal aid system differs significantly from most countries. The Chinese government establishes legal aid centers, manages their operations, and bears the financial burden, including staff salaries, while encouraging private foundations to support legal aid activities. It also fosters the participation of private lawyers in legal aid by establishing various systems and mechanisms.
The essence of legal aid is public service. China's legal aid system is undergoing several developmental stages to rapidly establish a comprehensive national system. The state first proposed the legal aid system, then implemented the  followed by the enactment and promulgation of the , clarifying the responsibilities and obligations of the state and individuals towards legal aid.
National legal aid centers were established to employ specialized staff for legal aid work, allowing lawyers to handle legal aid cases or participate in legal aid consultations through these centers. Considering China's national policy, special legal aid systems have been established for various groups, like migrant workers and retired military personnel.
To enhance efficiency and enable more citizens to access legal aid, legal service websites have been developed to provide online legal consultations. Additionally, a national public legal service hotline offers legal aid through phone consultations. Despite these developments, China's legal aid system faces numerous challenges due to its vast territory and large population, leading to imbalances in urban development and national income. This results in issues like staff and budget shortages in some legal aid centers.
Therefore, a key future challenge is to make the national legal aid system more accessible to those in need and to develop solutions for issues related to manpower and budget.
Never Felt at Home: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Faculty From Underrepresented Groups in Family Medicine and Strategies for Empowerment
Authors: Al Achkar Morhaf , Weidner Amanda , Rogers Tyler S. , Seehusen Dean A. , South-Paul Jeannette E.
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Increasing diversity among medical educators is a vital step toward diversifying the physician workforce. This study examined how gender, race, and other attributes affect family medicine department chairs’ experiences with sponsoring, mentoring, and coaching (SMC). We identified strategies at multiple levels to enhance SMC for faculty from underrepresented groups (URGs).
Methods: Our qualitative study employed semistructured interviews with the chairs of departments of family medicine in the United States. We used inductive and deductive thematic analysis approaches to describe the experience and name usable strategies organized along the social–ecological model.
Results: We interviewed 20 family medicine department chairs between December 2020 and May 2021. Many participants continued to be alarmed that leaders and role models from URGs have been rare. Participants described incidents of aggression in White- and male-dominated atmospheres. Such experiences left some feeling not at home. Some White male leaders appeared oblivious to the experiences of URG faculty, many of whom were burdened with a minority tax. For some URGs, surviving meant moving to a more supportive institution. Building spaces for resiliency and connecting with others to combat discrimination gave meaning to some participants. Participant responses helped identify multilevel strategies for empowerment and support for URG faculty.
Conclusions: Understanding the experiences of URG faculty is paramount to improving the environment in academic medicine—paving the way to enhancing diversity in the health care sector. Institutions and individuals need to develop multilevel strategies for empowerment and support to actively make diverse faculty feel at home.
Teaching on the Fly: A Needs Assessment for an Ambulatory Resident-as-Teacher Workshop
Authors: Zhang Gregory , Crispell Rachel , Koch John J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Residents play an important role in medical education, yet often feel unprepared without formal training. Teaching in the ambulatory setting raises unique challenges such as the difficulty of educating in a limited amount of time. We designed a brief, focused intervention as an initial needs assessment for a residents-as-teachers program in an ambulatory setting to address these concerns.
Methods: A 1-day, 2.5-hour workshop was designed focusing on microskills, providing feedback, and ways to address common barriers in ambulatory teaching. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were conducted with both residents and medical students to assess the effects of the workshop on resident teaching in the clinic.
Results: Although post-intervention surveys showed increased resident confidence and self-reported teaching behaviors, medical student surveys did not clearly demonstrate an increase in teaching behaviors. Didactic teaching on feedback and microskills with follow-on role playing were seen as the most helpful parts of the intervention.
Conclusions: Self-assessment alone is an inadequate measure of effectiveness of our teaching intervention. While medical student data can help verify resident self-report, future iterations of our intervention should incorporate objective, third-party evaluation of teaching skill implementation.
The Influence Relationship between College Students’ Self-Esteem, Appearance Satisfaction, and Beauty Interest for Protection and Convergence
Authors: Minjun Jang Minjun Jang , Jungsoon Choi Jungsoon Choi , Jiyoung Seo Jiyoung Seo
Published: July 2024

Purpose: In the contemporary world, where personal values and standards of living are on the rise, appearance is not only an important means of self-expression, but also plays a central role in the formation and expression of the self. By being satisfied with one's appearance, one can fulfill the outer and inner beauty of the body, thereby increasing self-esteem and maintaining good interpersonal relationships and positive social behavior in social life. With the increasing importance of appearance in modern society, interest in beauty is also increasing. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and beauty interest among college students.
Method: Questionnaires were distributed offline to college students at four-year universities in Gyeon ggi-do for about one month from September to October 2023 and analyzed using the SPSS V.27.0 sta tistical package program to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and beauty interest. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship betwe en self-esteem, appearance satisfaction and beauty interest.
Results: First, the results of the analysis of the effect of self-esteem on appearance satisfaction sho wed that self-esteem had a significant effect on two sub-dimensions of appearance satisfaction: appea rance confidence and appearance anxiety. Second, the effect of self-esteem on beauty interest was an alyzed, and it was found that positive self-esteem and negative self-esteem had a significant effect o n the sub-factor of beauty interest, fashion interest. Third, the results of the analysis of the effect of appearance satisfaction on beauty interest showed that self-control interest and others' fashion interes t are influenced by appearance satisfaction and have a defining effect on appearance self -confidence and appearance anxiety.
Conclusion: The expansion of the beauty industry has given rise to the emergence of numerous beauty-related fields, which has resulted in a surge in various forms of consumption. It is our contention that multidisciplinary research should be conducted on various generations of consumers in the beauty industry, and we anticipate contributing to further research on beauty interest.
Emergence and Transformation of K-Smart Beauty Care
Authors: Sejin Kim Sejin Kim , Jaebum Lee Jaebum Lee
Published: July 2024

Purpose: K-smart beauty is securing an important position in the global beauty industry through innovation based on a scientific approach and the latest technology. This satisfies consumers' diverse appearance management needs and conveys the positive values of the new K-culture. In this study, we aim to examine changes in Korean beauty care behavior for the pursuit of health interventions and aesthetics that meet consumer requirements and preferences.
Method: This study investigated academic research published by the Korea Research Information Sharing Service(www.riss.kr), data from Korea's government-funded research institutes, and media articles to investigate the recent change process of K-beauty. Purpose of the study a literature review was conducted by organizing the contents that corresponded to the above.
Results: The beauty industry in Korean society is going through a process of specialization, segmentation, and cutting-edge technology, and is transforming into smart beauty through continuous innovation. Changing consumer awareness of beauty care was at work on this basis, and various factors such as technological development and distribution of beauty equipment, diversification of service provision to consumers, and globalization of K-culture were confirmed to have a complex synergistic effect.
Conclusion: In Korean society, the perception of beauty care is changing beyond simple appearance care to the concept of smart beauty, which includes health interventions. It has been confirmed that these changes enable the provision of efficient and economical services and are gradually moving towards data-based customized services for everyone while protecting the environment.
Las tecnologías digitales en la educación. Usos e implicancias en las prácticas pedagógicas. Estudios de caso en tres instituciones de educación superior de Colombia y Uruguay
Authors: Vélez Carvajal Julián David , Campos Calvetti Noelia , Seña Giraldo Katherine , Rendón Arias Luis Humberto , Milstein Goldwasser Ariel , Puglia Moyano Enzo
Published: July 2024

Este libro tiene como propósito dar cuenta de los resultados de la investigación sobre las mediaciones de pantallas presentes en las prácticas pedagógicas de docentes y estudiantes de carreras profesionales en dos instituciones educativas de Colombia y una de Uruguay, a saber: Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana de Montería, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira y el Consejo de Formación en Educación. La investigación tuvo su origen en los intercambios académicos entre el Consejo de Formación en Educación de la República Oriental del Uruguay, la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira y la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana de Colombia, en los que se propuso el desarrollo de un estudio cualitativo de carácter comparativo con el propósito de avanzar en la comprensión de temas educativos y comunicativos de interés para estás instituciones educativas.
La comunicación y la memoria histórica como reterritorialización de la vida colectiva: caso festival de la memoria de la Universidad de Córdoba
Authors: Vélez Carvajal Julián , Quintana Fernández Melissa , Ochoa Latorre Olga , Guerrero Rodríguez Freddy
Published: July 2024

El estudio de la comunicación para el cambio social y su presencia en diferentes escenarios de diálogos sociales constituyen el principal objetivo de este libro, el cual busca poner a la comunicación social en un proceso de transversalidad con la construcción de la memoria histórica y las reparaciones simbólicas en contextos de conflicto armado. Para lograr el relacionamiento de la triada mencionada anteriormente, se tomó como estudio de caso la iniciativa del Festival de la Memoria y su aporte a la reparación simbólica de la Universidad de Córdoba como sujeto de reparación colectiva, durante los años 2017 y 2018, incluyendo la recopilación documental de los Festivales de la Memoria realizados históricamente desde sus inicios en el año 2014.