bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ressonância magnética para avaliação de tumores malignos da cavidade oral: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Choi Isabela Goulart Gil , Park Moses , Laurino Fernando Antonio Reis , Cortes Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez , Arita Emiko Saito
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o desempenho das imagens de ressonância magnética (RM) para avaliação de tumores malignos da cavidade bucal. Métodos: Os bancos de dados MEDLINE (via PubMed) e EMBASE foram utilizados para pesquisar artigos publicados até 2017, restritos a publicações em inglês e em português. As listas de referências de quaisquer artigos em potencial e o banco de dados OpenGrey também foram avaliados para encontrar estudos ou documentos não publicados ou que não foram identificados pela pesquisa eletrônica. O critério de inclusão foi: as pesquisas serem artigos originais, revisões sistemáticas e/ou relatos de casos que discutissem sobre o uso de imagens de RM na avaliação de tumores malignos da cavidade oral. A revisão da literatura foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA. Resultados: Um total de 25 estudos foram identificados como elegíveis para inclusão nesta revisão e agrupados para discussão. Os tumores malignos abordados nestes estudos foram: carcinoma de células es­camosas, tumores das glândulas salivares, sarcomas orais e maxilofaciais, e melanomas. Conclusão: A RM mostrou-se uma técnica pré-operatória muito precisa para a avaliação de tumores malignos da cavidade bucal.
Avaliação do aumento da estabilidade primária na instalação de implantes dentários com variação da instrumentação por meio do torque de inserção e análise de frequência de ressonância
Authors: Koga Mauricio Makoto , Salvoni Alexander D , Wassall Thomaz
Published: December 2018

Introdução: A descoberta da osseointegração determinou um marco para a terapia reabilitadora na odontologia, possibi­litando tratamentos previsíveis. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar uma técnica alternativa de instalação de im­plantes que proporcionasse melhor estabilidade primária. Materiais e métodos: Foram selecionadas seis costelas suínas frescas para a instalação de 60 implantes cilíndricos usinados divididos em três grupos. Anteriormente à instalação dos implantes, foi realizada a medição da densidade óssea em unidade de Hounsfield com tomografia computadorizada con­vencional. Os valores de densidade óssea foram medidos na posição dos implantes e correlacionados ao torque de inserção e à análise de frequência de ressonância. No grupo-controle usou-se a técnica de instalação onde a última broca utilizada foi a de 3,0 mm preconizada pelo fabricante, enquanto nos grupos 2 e 3 foi utilizada uma técnica alternativa de subinstrumentação e superinstrumentação, onde as últimas brocas utilizadas no preparo do leito cirúrgico foram as de 2,8 mm e 3,15 mm, respectivamente. Foram registrados os valores de torque de inserção máxima no momento da instalação dos implantes, e os valores da frequência de ressonância foram medidos a partir do quociente de estabilidade implantar (ISQ). Resultados: Foi registrado aumento do torque de inserção de 63,1219% quando se utilizou a broca de 2,8 mm como broca final, e se obteve um torque negativo de inserção na marca de -4,071% quando se utilizou a broca 3,15 mm como broca final, na comparação com o grupocontrole. Foi verificada uma correlação entre a estabilidade primária, obtida através da média do torque de inserção do implante, e o diâmetro de preparo do leito receptor do implante com a utilização do implante cilíndrico. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que utilizando essa técnica de preparo alternativo de subinstrumentação o cirurgião pode atingir valores de torque de inserção mais elevados mesmo em osso de baixa densidade, possi­bilitando uma melhor estabilidade primária, adequada para a técnica de carga imediata.

DESCRITORES | Carga Imediata; Torque; Osseointegração; Implante Dentário.
2018 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary
Authors: Soar Jasmeet , Donnino Michael W. , Maconochie Ian , Aickin Richard , Atkins Dianne L. , Andersen Lars W. , Berg Katherine M. , Bingham Robert , Böttiger Bernd W. , Callaway Clifton W. , Couper Keith , Couto Thomaz Bittencourt , de Caen Allan R. , Deakin Charles D. , Drennan Ian R. , Guerguerian Anne-Marie , Lavonas Eric J. , Meaney Peter A. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Neumar Robert W. , Ng Kee-Chong , Nicholson Tonia C. , Nuthall Gabrielle A. , Ohshimo Shinichiro , O’Neil Brian J. , Ong Gene Yong-Kwang , Paiva Edison F. , Parr Michael J. , Reis Amelia G. , Reynolds Joshua C. , Ristagno Giuseppe , Sandroni Claudio , Schexnayder Stephen M. , Scholefield Barnaby R. , Shimizu Naoki , Tijssen Janice A. , Van de Voorde Patrick , Wang Tzong-Luen , Welsford Michelle , Hazinski Mary Fran , Nolan Jerry P. , Morley Peter T. ,   On behalf of the ILCOR Collaborators
Published: December 2018

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the second annual summary of International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations that includes the most recent cardiopulmonary resuscitation science reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. This summary addresses the role of antiarrhythmic drugs in adults and children and includes the Advanced Life Support Task Force and Pediatric Task Force consensus statements, which summarize the most recent published evidence and an assessment of the quality of the evidence based on Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. The statements include consensus treatment recommendations approved by members of the relevant task forces. Insights into the deliberations of each task force are provided in the Values and Preferences and Task Force Insights sections. Finally, the task force members have listed the top knowledge gaps for further research.
Ankyrin-B Q1283H Variant Linked to Arrhythmias Via Loss of Local Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity Causes Ryanodine Receptor Hyperphosphorylation
Authors: Zhu Wengen , Wang Cen , Hu Jinzhu , Wan Rong , Yu Jianhua , Xie Jinyan , Ma Jianyong , Guo Linjuan , Ge Jin , Qiu Yumin , Chen Leifeng , Liu Hualong , Yan Xia , Liu Xiuxia , Ye Jin , He Wenfeng , Shen Yang , Wang Chao , Mohler Peter J. , Hong Kui
Published: December 2018

Background:

Human loss-of-function variants of
ANK2
(ankyrin-B) are linked to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, their in vivo effects and specific arrhythmogenic pathways have not been fully elucidated.

Methods:

We identified new
ANK2
variants in 25 unrelated Han Chinese probands with ventricular tachycardia by whole-exome sequencing. The potential pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. We performed functional and mechanistic experiments in ankyrin-B knockin (KI) mouse models and in single myocytes isolated from KI hearts.

Results:

We detected a rare, heterozygous
ANK2
variant (p.Q1283H) in a proband with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. This variant was localized to the ZU5
C
region of
ANK2
, where no variants have been previously reported. KI mice harboring the p.Q1283H variant exhibited an increased predisposition to ventricular arrhythmias after catecholaminergic stress in the absence of cardiac structural abnormalities. Functional studies illustrated an increased frequency of delayed afterdepolarizations and Ca
2+
waves and sparks accompanied by decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
content in KI cardiomyocytes on isoproterenol stimulation. The immunoblotting results showed increased levels of phosphorylated ryanodine receptor Ser2814 in the KI hearts, which was further amplified on isoproterenol stimulation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated dissociation of protein phosphatase 2A from ryanodine receptor in the KI hearts, which was accompanied by a decreased binding of ankyrin-B to protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B56α. Finally, the administration of metoprolol or flecainide decreased the incidence of stress-induced ventricular arrhythmias in the KI mice.

Conclusions:

ANK2
p.Q1283H is a disease-associated variant that confers susceptibility to stress-induced arrhythmias, which may be prevented by the administration of metoprolol or flecainide. This variant is associated with the loss of protein phosphatase 2A activity, increased phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor, exaggerated delayed afterdepolarization-mediated trigger activity, and arrhythmogenesis.
Morphological characterization of Trichotylenchus gorganiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) and photomicrographs of several other species of the subfamily Telotylenchinae Siddiqi, 1960
Authors: GHADERI REZA , KAREGAR AKBAR , MIRAEIZ ESMAEIL
Published: December 2018

Trichotylenchus gorganiensis n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological and morphometric data. The new species is characterized by its 760–1073 µm long body, conoid-rounded lip region continuous with the body contour and bearing 5–7 fine striae, 22.0–24.5 µm long stylet, basal pharyngeal bulb offset or slightly overlapping intestine, post-anal sac extending 50–73 % of the tail region, and cylindrical or subclavate tail with a striated terminus. Differences of the new species from the closely related species T. astriatus, T. astriatoides, T. changlingensis and T. papyrus are discussed. Photomicrographs and several taxonomic notes on 13 other species of Telotylenchinae, collected from Iran, are provided.
Recent thecideide brachiopods (Thecideida, Thecideoidea) from northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) with discovery of a new Thecidellina species (Thecidellinidae)
Authors: SIMON ERIC , LÜTER CARSTEN , LOGAN ALAN , MOTTEQUIN BERNARD
Published: December 2018

The scope of this paper concerns the species diversity of thecideide brachiopods living in the western Pacific equatorial region of Indonesia and the possibilities for circulation and dispersion of thecideide species along the coasts of Sulawesi and the Sea of Bali. The discovery of a new Thecidellina species, Thecidellina mawaliana sp. nov., adds a new genus to the Indonesian fauna. This species has a peculiar biogeography, different from those of Minutella cf. minuta (Cooper, 1981) and Ospreyella mutiara Simon & Hoffman, 2013, other thecideides living together with the new species. Unfortunately, attempts to collect molecular sequence information from the specimens failed due to insufficient DNA preservation. Probable speciation mechanisms in this genus are discussed.
A new species of the genus Eudorylaimus Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda: (Dorylaimida: Qudsianematidae) associated with Picea crassifolia in China
Authors: WU WEN-JIA , XU CHUN-LING , WANG DONG-WEI , XIE HUI
Published: December 2018

A new species, Eudorylaimus piceae n. sp., extracted from rhizosphere soil of Picea crassifolia from Inner Mongolia, China was identified. The new species is characterized by these combined characters: body length of 1.03–1.27 mm; lip region distinctly offset; odontostyle 20–22 μm and 1.1–1.4 times the lip region diameter in length; odontophore 1.1–1.2 times the odontostyle length; basal expansion of pharynx occupying 42%–50.5% of the total neck length; genital system didelphic-amphidelphic; vulva transverse; vagina extending inwards 32%–43%; V value averaging more than 60; pars refringens vaginae with two trapezoidal sclerotizations and pars distalis vaginae weakly sclerotized; prerectum 72–107 μm long, 2.3–3.3 times the anal body diameter, and rectum 1–1.6 times the anal body diameter in length; tail conoid and bent ventrally, c’ value 1.5–1.8 and males unknown. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of 18S small subunit rDNA and the D2-D3 expansion region of 28S rDNA are presented.
The spider family Oecobiidae in Madagascar, including four new species and a new record
Authors: MAGALHÃES MAYARA D.F. , SANTOS ADALBERTO J.
Published: December 2018

Four new species of Oecobiidae Blackwall, 1862 are described based on specimens collected in the Madagascan provinces of Toliara, Mahajanga and Antsiranana. Oecobius kowalskii sp. nov. and Paroecobius skipper sp. nov. are described based on male and female specimens. Paroecobius rico sp. nov. and Paroecobius private sp. nov. are described based only on females. A new diagnosis is proposed for the genus Paroecobius Lamoral, 1981 and a new record for the synanthropic Oecobius marathaus Tikader, 1962 is provided for Madagascar.
Where is the enigmatic Telmatobius halli Noble 1938? Rediscovery and clarification of a frog species not seen for 80 years
Authors: FIBLA PABLO , SALINAS HUGO , LOBOS GABRIEL , POZO TALÍA DEL , FABRES ALEJANDRA , MÉNDEZ MARCO A.
Published: December 2018

Telmatobius halli was the first endemic Telmatobius species described in Chile, reported by Noble in 1938 near the locality of Ollagüe, in the high Andean zone of the Antofagasta region. To this date, there are no specimens assignable to this species other than the type series; although many expeditions have tried to search for T. halli, they have been unsuccessful, but they have found and described new species around this area. In order to clarify the origin of the enigmatic T. halli, we reviewed the itinerary of the expedition carried out by F. G. Hall in the Chilean Altiplano, to place a putative type locality. We contrast the morphology of the holotype, with that of recently collected specimens from the new putative type locality, to confirm the population’s identity; and finally, we perform phylogenetic analyses in order to clarify the systematic position of this taxon. The historical review of the expedition that collected these frogs shows that it is likely that Telmatobius halli had been collected near Collahuasi, about 50 km northwest of Ollagüe, site that we have assigned as a putative type locality for T. halli. The morphological analyses support this hypothesis, while phylogenetic results show that the specimens assigned to this species form a monophyletic group, and is a sister clade of T. chusmisensis. Thus, we propose that the type locality of T. halli be changed from “around Ollagüe” to the area of the Copaquire ravine, so its distribution would be restricted to this system and Choja-Chijlla ravine, both in the high Andean zone of the Región de Tarapacá, Chile.
Taxonomy of the genus Thyonella (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida), with mention of the first record of T. sabanillaensis from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: MARTINS LUCIANA
Published: December 2018

The genus Thyonella currently comprises four species which occur in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Thyonella mexicana is the only species known to occur in the Pacific Ocean. The main morphological characters used to distinguish Thyonella species are their dermal ossicles. Since the differences among these characters are subtle, this contribution provides a detailed description and comparison of the ossicle assemblage of the concerned taxa. In addition, description of the internal morphology of three of the concerned species is also provided. Further, this study reports on the first record of Thyonella sabanillaensis for the Southwestern Atlantic. A worldwide revision of the distributional records of Thyonella species is presented and their taxonomy is discussed, concluding that some traditional taxonomic characters should be used cautiously. A brief discussion about the importance of SEM analysis is also provided.
A new species and additional records of the microphthalmous Lathrobium species of Turkey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)
Authors: ANLAŞ SİNAN
Published: December 2018

A new species of microphthalmous Lathrobium Gravenhorst from Yozgat province in central northern Anatolia is described and its diagnostic characters are illustrated: Lathrobium newtoni sp. n. Additional records of four microphthalmous Lathrobium species are reported. A key to the microphthalmous Lathrobium species of Turkey is presented. Distributions of microphthalmous Lathrobium species in Anatolia are mapped.
Vorticity Balance off the South Shore of Oahu, Hawaii, Derived by High-Frequency Radio Doppler Current Observations
Authors: Castillo-Trujillo Alma Carolina , Partridge Dale , Powell Brian , Flament Pierre
Published: December 2018

High-frequency radio Doppler surface current observations off the south shore of Oahu, Hawaii, are used to calculate the vorticity equation at a ~2-km spatial resolution in terms of a time-dependent and time-mean surface balance. First-order terms are mean advection of mean vorticity, vortex stretching, and a residual, which is treated as unquantified terms such as wind stress curl, bottom pressure torque, and noise. The most striking feature in the 2-yr time-mean vorticity balance is the anticorrelation between advection of vorticity and vortex stretching implying that potential vorticity (PV) advection is the most dominant mechanism in the area. Several terms in the depth-integrated vorticity balance were also estimated. The bottom pressure torque acts as a first-order term only in areas of shallow topography. A PV analysis resulted in the 50-m Penguin Bank steering the westward Hawaiian Lee Current.
Jet Instability over Smooth, Corrugated, and Realistic Bathymetry
Authors: LaCasce J. H. , Escartin J. , Chassignet Eric. P. , Xu Xiaobiao
Published: December 2018

The stability of a horizontally and vertically sheared surface jet is examined, with a focus on the vertical structure of the resultant eddies. Over a flat bottom, the instability is mixed baroclinic/barotropic, producing strong eddies at depth that are characteristically shifted downstream relative to the surface eddies. Baroclinic instability is suppressed over a large slope for retrograde jets (with a flow antiparallel to topographic wave propagation) and to a lesser extent for prograde jets (with flow parallel to topographic wave propagation), as seen previously. In such cases, barotropic (lateral) instability dominates if the jet is sufficiently narrow. This yields surface eddies whose size is independent of the slope but proportional to the jet width. Deep eddies still form, forced by interfacial motion associated with the surface eddies, but they are weaker than under baroclinic instability and are vertically aligned with the surface eddies. A sinusoidal ridge acts similarly, suppressing baroclinic instability and favoring lateral instability in the upper layer. A ridge with a 1-km wavelength and an amplitude of roughly 10 m is sufficient to suppress baroclinic instability. Surveys of bottom roughness from bathymetry acquired with shipboard multibeam echo sounding reveal that such heights are common beneath the Kuroshio, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and, to a lesser extent, the Gulf Stream. Consistent with this, vorticity and velocity cross sections from a 1/50° HYCOM simulation suggest that Gulf Stream eddies are vertically aligned, as in the linear stability calculations with strong topography. Thus, lateral instability may be more common than previously thought, owing to topography hindering vertical energy transfer.
Hybrid managers, career narratives and identity work: A contextual analysis of UK healthcare organizations
Authors: Bresnen Mike , Hodgson Damian , Bailey Simon , Hassard John , Hyde Paula
Published: December 2018

While hybrid managers are increasingly important in contemporary organizations (especially in the public sector), we know little about why or how they become hybrid managers, or how this is shaped by the interplay of professional experience and organizational circumstances. In pursuit of a more variegated, contextualized and dynamic understanding of hybrid management, this article focuses on how individuals transition into managerial hybrids, emphasizing the dynamic and emergent nature of hybrid management identity. Studying managers in English healthcare, we employ the concept of identity work as expressed through career narratives to examine the influence of career trajectories and organizational experiences on emerging hybrid manager identity. The study identifies three broad managerial career narratives – aspirational, ambivalent and agnostic – and relates them to experiences of doctor and nurse hybrid managers in three healthcare settings. An interpretive analysis of these narratives reveals a more variegated, situated and dynamic interpretation of hybrid managerial identities than previously considered and underscores the importance of personal and organizational experiences in shaping emergent hybrid professional/managerial identity.
Backlash on the Border: Conservatism and the Rise of the New Economy in the San Diego–Tijuana Corridor
Authors: Elkin Daniel
Published: December 2018

The cities of San Diego and Tijuana have long been economically interdependent. Today, each represents the bifurcated character of the new economy wherein low wage labor in Mexico is used to underwrite the quality of life for the middle class in the United States. This article traces the political origin of this economic structure. Instead of a top-down orchestration of neoliberal governance, the contours of the New Economy were formed through a process of contestation: a battle between international capital and its demands for profit and San Diego’s white middle class homeowners dedicated to maintaining their quality of life by resisting border integration.
Artificial intelligence-enabled healthcare delivery
Authors: Reddy Sandeep , Fox John , Purohit Maulik P
Published: December 2018

Summary

In recent years, there has been massive progress in artificial intelligence (AI) with the development of deep neural networks, natural language processing, computer vision and robotics. These techniques are now actively being applied in healthcare with many of the health service activities currently being delivered by clinicians and administrators predicted to be taken over by AI in the coming years. However, there has also been exceptional hype about the abilities of AI with a mistaken notion that AI will replace human clinicians altogether. These perspectives are inaccurate, and if a balanced perspective of the limitations and promise of AI is taken, one can gauge which parts of the health system AI can be integrated to make a meaningful impact. The four main areas where AI would have the most influence would be: patient administration, clinical decision support, patient monitoring and healthcare interventions. This health system where AI plays a central role could be termed an AI-enabled or AI-augmented health system. In this article, we discuss how this system can be developed based on a realistic assessment of current AI technologies and predicted developments.
Determinants and Consequences of Nonprofit Transparency
Authors: Harris Erica E. , Neely Daniel
Published: December 2018

Using a sample of over 14,000 industry-diverse nonprofit organizations, this study documents the key characteristics and consequences of organizations providing better and more information to stakeholders, that is, more transparent charities. In particular, we find evidence consistent with organizations that have stronger governance, better performance, and more professional staff being associated with greater transparency. In addition, we find that organizations that are more reliant on contributions, and those located in states that require public disclosure of their audited financial statements are also more transparent. After controlling for the likelihood of being transparent, we then test whether funders respond to more transparency by increasing their funding to organizations that provide more information. Here, we hypothesize and find that the level of transparency is associated with greater future contributions. Moreover, we find that organizations with better performance to report accrue incrementally more future contributions. Overall, our results support the assertion that transparency in the nonprofit sector is value added to key stakeholders.
A survey to investigate advanced musicians’ flow disposition in individual music practice
Authors: Araújo Marcos V. , Hein Christopher F.
Published: December 2018

This study explored advanced musicians’ dispositions to flow in musical practice. A total of 168 classically trained musicians answered a questionnaire assessing their proneness for flow experience during musical practice and associations between flow and demographic factors, practice routines and musical instruments. Dispositions to flow in musical practice did not vary across musical instrument groups, age or gender. Positive associations were found between daily practice time and flow, suggesting that flow may contribute to engagement with daily practice. Negative associations between music practice experience and loss of self-consciousness and challenge–skill balance were found, suggesting that even among experts the level of task complexity during practice may affect perceptions of competence. While six individual flow indicators were frequently experienced, three indicators were much less experienced, pointing to the existence of another similar relevant experience in the practice of expert performers, named as optimal practice experience. The article finishes with implications regarding the benefits of flow for teaching and learning practices.
An approach to quality improvement of Nigerian university library services: A framework for effective quality management implementation
Authors: Egberongbe Halima S
Published: December 2018

The paper explores the different strategies in managing operations and delivering services and compares them to current trends in academic libraries in Southwestern (SW) Nigeria. The author objectively and comparatively examined the different models of quality management (QM) and strategies, from which a framework of quality improvement for Nigerian university libraries was developed. The article employed a pragmatic approach to unearth the complexities of investigating the phenomenon in academic library environments. This paper discussed the findings of three studies (online survey, interview and focus groups) in this research and how they relate to the existing literature. A comprehensive analysis highlights challenges of university library operations in SW Nigeria while a pragmatic approach was used to achieve the objectives of the paper. The paper concluded that improvement in quality of service delivery and operations is certain if the proposed framework for QM implementation is embraced in Nigerian academic libraries. Recommendations were made on the way forward toward improving academic library services nationwide.
A Historical Review of Local Intermediaries in Impoverished Contexts
Authors: Beninger Stefanie , Shapiro Stanley J.
Published: December 2018

The role of local intermediaries in impoverished contexts has been a focus of attention within the marketing and development literature since shortly after WWII. A systematic review of this work reveals that while much of this literature identifies market intermediaries as exploitative and unspecialized entities, other work views them more positively. These conflicting accounts, rarely supported empirically, have resulted in diverging policy recommendations. Many scholars call for the wholesale removal of such intermediaries, while a lesser number argue that they can and should be supported. The dominant view as regards local intermediaries reflects three prevailing biases in the marketing and development literature: an emphasis on transformation; a rejection of the local; and a favouring of consumers and producers over intermediaries. This paper describes these biases and proposes shaping constructs, potential future research questions, theoretical lenses, and methods of analysis that should ideally guide future scholarship on the role of local intermediaries within impoverished contexts.
Value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes and N-stage of gastric cancer
Authors: Jiang Min , Wang Xiaoxiao , Shan Xiuhong , Pan Donggang , Jia Yingjun , Ni Enzhen , Hu Yuan , Huang Hao
Published: December 2018

Objective

To establish new diagnostic criteria for improvement of the accuracy of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in diagnosing the N-stage and lymph node (LN) metastasis of gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

MSCT was performed with plain and triphasic dynamic contrast enhancement. Different regions of LN metastasis and N-staging were determined according to the herein-proposed combined diagnostic criteria and were then correlated with the pathological analysis. The Kappa consistency test was used to study the accuracy of MSCT.

Results

The accuracy of MSCT in diagnosing the N-stage as a whole was 86.3%, and that in diagnosing LN metastasis was 79.1% to 98.9%. The Kappa values for stages N0, N1, and N3 ranged from 0.449 to 0.662, indicating good consistency in diagnosing these three stages between MSCT and the postsurgical pathological results. The Ktotal value was 0.567 between MSCT and the postsurgical pathological results in diagnosing LN metastasis. The risk of LN metastasis increased with the progression of lesion infiltrates.

Conclusions

Application of the combined diagnostic criteria increased the diagnostic performance of MSCT in not only judging the N-stage but also diagnosing LN metastasis. This study will provide valuable reference data for surgical planning for patients with GC in the clinical setting.
Teaching Sociology: The Precariousness of Academic Freedom
Authors: Orr Amy J.
Published: December 2018

Threats to academic freedom are not new. Scholars who wrote about academic freedom decades ago were hinting at some of the same issues that we face today. However, as time passes, the threats seem to grow stronger (largely as a consequence of the increasing corporatization of higher education). While some threats are overt, and tend to flare up at particular points in time, others are of a more covert nature that slowly erode the foundations of academic freedom. This address focuses on a number of these threats (neoliberalism, contingency, political intolerance, etc.) and their relationship to sociology.
A Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Study of Violence and Disorder Impacts of Urban CCTV Camera Clusters
Authors: Ratcliffe Jerry H. , Groff Elizabeth R.
Published: December 2018

Methodological challenges have hampered a number of previous studies into the crime reduction effectiveness of closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems. These have included the use of arbitrary fixed distances to represent estimated camera deterrence areas and a lack of control for camera sites with overlapping surveillance areas. The current article overcomes the first of these challenges by using camera view areas individually constructed by researchers viewing and manipulating cameras to determine precise camera viewsheds. The second challenge is addressed by grouping cameras into clusters of combined viewshed areas. The longitudinal crime and disorder reduction effectiveness of these clusters of overlapping CCTV cameras is tested in Philadelphia, PA. Multilevel mixed-effects models with time-varying covariates and measures from a noncomparable control area are applied to 10 years of crime data (2003–2012) within the viewsheds of 86 CCTV cameras grouped into 13 clusters. Models applied across violent street felonies and disorder incidents find no significant impact associated with the introduction of CCTV surveillance. Potential reasons for this are discussed.
Adaptation, Rationality, and Manipulation: Insight Into Kidnappers’ Modus Operandi in the South Eastern States of Nigeria
Authors: Otu Smart Egwu , Nnam Macpherson Uchenna , Uduka Uchenna Kalu
Published: December 2018

Kidnappers’ modus operandi (MO) is defined as consisting of a summary of strategies used by kidnappers both to get close to the victims and then do the crime. Utilizing a naturalistic methodological approach, we interviewed 86 kidnappers in two prisons. Insight into the MO of systematic kidnapping is gained, discussed, and is briefly compared with earlier work on the systematic MO of armed robbers, both similar but somehow distinct high-profile and common crimes in contemporary Nigeria. Common types of kidnappers’ MO are presented, showing their point of convergence with that of armed robbery. These are “trick-mild,” “surprise-violence,” “blitz-terror,” “bold-con-confidence,” or a combination of any two of these MOs, and they are predicated on rational choice, convenience, and social learning theories. It is suggested that a number of considerations, adaptations, and manipulation-intrigues intertwines at some point in time and place to influence decision-making process regarding the choice of an MO. Understanding the MOs of kidnappers will assist both potential victims and law enforcement officers, relationship with the offenders, and increase public safety.
Can Attention and Working Memory Impairments of Intimate Partner Perpetrators Explain Their Risky Decision Making?
Authors: Romero-Martínez Á. , Lila M. , Vitoria-Estruch S. , Moya-Albiol L.
Published: November 2018

Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators commonly exhibit deficits in a wide range of cognitive domains, such as attention, memory, and executive functions. Executive dysfunctions tend to be related to a preference for disadvantageous decisions, which could be explained by a pattern of focusing on positive outcomes (gains) while disregarding negative ones. Nonetheless, it is less clear whether risk-taking and decision-making problems should be attributed to motivational and/or emotional causes or to cognitive deficits in attention and/or working memory. The main goal of the present study was to examine whether IPV perpetrators can be distinguished from non-violent controls based on their performance on attention, working memory, and decision-making tests from a computerized battery of tests. In addition, this study investigated the potential relationship between attention and working memory impairments in the decision-making abilities of IPV perpetrators. Our data indicated that IPV perpetrators perform worse than controls on measures of attention and sustained attention, processing speed, working memory, spatial span, and decision making. Moreover, IPV perpetrators’ preference for disadvantageous and risky decisions could be partially explained by attention and working memory impairments. Our study has enabled us to explore the cognitive deficits underlying IPV perpetration as key factors in reducing IPV risky decisions. Moreover, it reinforces the need to develop specific neuropsychological training in the attention-switching ability in general and working memory, which could lead to improvements in decision-making processes or other executive functions.
Multidimensional Social Support and Health Services Utilization Among Noninstitutionalized Older Persons in Ghana
Authors: Gyasi Razak M. , Phillips David R. , Amoah Padmore Adusei
Published: December 2018

Objectives: This study examines multidimensional social supports as predictors of health services utilization among community-dwelling older Ghanaians. Method: Using data from a 2016/2017 Aging, Health, Psychological Wellbeing and Health-Seeking Behavior Study ( N = 1,200), Poisson regression models estimated the associations of aspects of informal social support and health facility utilization among older people. Results: Findings suggest that regular contacts with family/close friends (odds ratio [OR] = 1.299; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.111, 1.519]), social participation (OR = 1.021; 95% CI = [1.140, 1.910]), and remittances from adult children (OR = 1.091; 95%CI = [1.086, 1.207]) were associated with increased health services utilization with some gender variations. Having caregivers increased health care use generally (OR = 1.108; 95% CI = [1.016, 1.209]) and among men (OR = 1.181; 95% CI = [1.015, 1.373]). However, we found decrease in health care use among those who received pecuniary assistance (OR = 0.893; 95% CI = [0.805, 0.990]). Discussion: Perceived structural and functional social support domains appear influential in health care utilization among older adults in Ghana. The findings underscore the need for intervention programs and social policies targeted at both micro-factors and wider social factors, including the novel area of remittances to older adults.
Midterm Outcomes of a Synthetic Cartilage Implant for the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Advanced Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Glazebrook Mark , Blundell Chris M. , O’Dowd Dominic , Singh Dishan , de Vries Gwyneth , Le Ian L. D. , Nielsen Dominic , Pedersen M. Elizabeth , Sakellariou Anthony , Solan Matthew , Wansbrough Guy , Younger Alastair S. E. , Baumhauer Judith F. , Daniels Timothy R.
Published: December 2018

Background:

A prospective, randomized, noninferiority clinical trial of synthetic cartilage implant hemiarthroplasty for hallux rigidus demonstrated functional outcomes and safety equivalent to first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis at 24 months. We prospectively assessed safety and efficacy outcomes for synthetic cartilage implant hemiarthroplasty at a minimum of 5 years.

Methods:

Of 135 eligible patients from the original trial, 112 (83.0%) were enrolled (mean age, 58.2 ± 8.8 years; 87 females). Pain visual analog scale (VAS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and FAAM Sports subscales were completed preoperatively and 2 and 5 years postoperatively. Great toe active dorsiflexion, weightbearing radiographs, secondary procedures, and safety parameters were also evaluated.

Results:

At 24 months, 14/152 (9.2%) patients had undergone implant removal and conversion to arthrodesis. In years 2 to 5, 9/119 (7.6%) patients underwent implant removal and conversion to arthrodesis. At mean 5.8 ± 0.7 (range, 4.4-8.0) years’ follow-up, pain VAS, FAAM ADL, and FAAM Sports scores improved by 57.9 ± 18.6 points, 33.0 ± 17.6 points, and 47.9 ± 27.1 points, respectively, from baseline. Clinically significant changes in VAS pain, FAAM ADL, and FAAM Sports were reported by 103/106 (97.2%), 95/105 (90.5%), and 97/104 (93.3%) patients, respectively. Patient-reported outcomes at 24 months were maintained at 5.8 years in patients who were not revised. Active MTP joint peak dorsiflexion was maintained. Ninety-nine of 106 (93.4%) patients would have the procedure again.

Conclusion:

Clinical and safety outcomes for synthetic cartilage implant hemiarthroplasty observed at 2 years were maintained at 5.8 years. The implant remains a viable treatment option to decrease pain, improve function, and maintain motion for advanced hallux rigidus.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Endovascular treatment of cephalic arch stenosis in brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: D’cruz Reuban Toby , Leong Sze Wai , Syn Nicholas , Tiwari Alok , Sannasi Vikram Vijayan , Singh Sidhu Harvinder Raj , Tang Tjun Yip
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to appraise the current literature on the endovascular management options and their outcomes of cephalic arch stenosis in the setting of a failing brachiocephalic fistula for hemodialysis.

Methods:

A systematic search of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to December 2017 in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the outcomes of endovascular management of cephalic arch stenosis. Data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies, published in the English language, were extracted to determine pooled proportion of primary and secondary patency, using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses of stent grafts, bare metal stents, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty outcomes were performed.

Results:

Of the 125 total studies, 11 were included for analysis by consensus. Overall, 457 patients were reviewed and analyzed for primary and secondary patency rates at 6 and 12 months post-treatment. There was significantly higher primary patency at both 6 and 12 months in the stent graft group compared to those who received bare metal stents or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (relative risk = 0.30–0.31, relative risk = 0.34–0.59, respectively; p < 0.01). Higher secondary patency rates were noted in the bare metal stents cohort compared to the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty cohort at 12 months (relative risk = 0.17, 95% confidence interval = 0.07–0.26; p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated a significant benefit in using stent grafts in cephalic arch stenosis compared to bare metal stents or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with higher primary and secondary patency rates.
The Hippocampal Engram as a Memory Index
Authors: Tanaka Kazumasa Z , McHugh Thomas J
Published: December 2018

The hippocampus encodes memories for past events, but the nature of the hippocampal code subserving this function remains unclear. A prevailing idea, strongly supported by hippocampal physiology, is the Cognitive Map Theory. In this view, episodic memories are anchored to spatial domains, or allocentric frameworks, of experiences, with the hippocampus providing a stable representation of external space. On the other hand, recent studies using Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) as a proxy of neuronal activation support the Memory Index Theory. This idea posits that the hippocampal memory trace serves as an index for a cortical representation of memory (a map for internal representation) and hypothesizes the primary hippocampal function is to reinstate the pattern of cortical activity present during encoding. Our recent findings provide a unitary view on these two fundamentally different theories. In the hippocampal CA1 region the activity of c-Fos expressing pyramidal neurons reliably reflects the identity of the context the animal is experiencing in an index-like fashion, while spikes from other active pyramidal cells provide spatial information that is stable over a long period of time. These two distinct ensembles of hippocampal neurons suggest heterogeneous roles for subsets of hippocampus neurons in memory.
Incidence and risk factors for dental pathology in patients planned for elective total hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Vuorinen M. , Mäkinen T. , Rantasalo M. , Leskinen J. , Välimaa H. , Huotari K.
Published: December 2018

Background and Aims:

To prevent severe prosthetic joint infections, a dental examination is usually recommended prior to arthroplasty, even sometimes regarded resource- and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to determine whether a risk factor-based algorithm could be created to send only selected patients for dental clearance.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study of 952 patients scheduled for elective arthroplasty was performed. Patients filled out a questionnaire regarding potential risk factors for dental infections, and dentists documented patients’ oral health and interventions performed (data available for 731 patients).

Results:

Of the patients, 215 (29.4%) failed dental clearance; a total of 432 teeth were extracted, 32 patients (4.4%) required root canal treatment, and 37 patients (5.1%) had severe periodontitis. Independent risk factors for failure were history of root canal treatment (odds ratio: 2.282, 95% confidence interval: 1.346–3.869, p = 0.020), use of tobacco products (odds ratio: 1.704, 95% confidence interval: 1.033–2.810, p = 0.037), dental visit indicated by oral symptoms within 3 months (odds ratio: 1.828, 95% confidence interval: 1.183–2.827, p = 0.007), or visit to a dentist within 6 months (odds ratio: 1.538, 95% confidence interval: 1.063–2.224, p = 0.022). Regular dental examination was a preventive factor (odds ratio: 0.519, 95% confidence interval: 0.349–0.773, p = 0.001). However, based on the examined risk factors, no sufficiently large group of patients at lesser risk for dental infections could be identified.

Conclusion:

Because of the high need for dental care revealed by our unselected patient population, the inspection and treatment of dental pathology of all patients are important interventions prior to elective arthroplasty.
Large-eddy simulation analysis of knock in a direct injection spark ignition engine
Authors: Robert Anthony , Truffin Karine , Iafrate Nicolas , Jay Stephane , Colin Olivier , Angelberger Christian
Published: December 2018

Downsized spark ignition engines running under high loads have become more and more attractive for car manufacturers because of their increased thermal efficiency and lower CO2 emissions. However, the occurrence of abnormal combustions promoted by the thermodynamic conditions encountered in such engines limits their practical operating range, especially in high efficiency and low fuel consumption regions. One of the main abnormal combustion is knock, which corresponds to an auto-ignition of end gases during the flame propagation initiated by the spark plug. Knock generates pressure waves which can have long-term damages on the engine, that is why the aim for car manufacturers is to better understand and predict knock appearance. However, an experimental study of such recurrent but non-cyclic phenomena is very complex, and these difficulties motivate the use of computational fluid dynamics for better understanding them. In the present article, large-eddy simulation (LES) is used as it is able to represent the instantaneous engine behavior and thus to quantitatively capture cyclic variability and knock. The proposed study focuses on the large-eddy simulation analysis of knock for a direct injection spark ignition engine. A spark timing sweep available in the experimental database is simulated, and 15 LES cycles were performed for each spark timing. Wall temperatures, which are a first-order parameter for knock prediction, are obtained using a conjugate heat transfer study. Present work points out that LES is able to describe the in-cylinder pressure envelope whatever the spark timing, even if the sample of LES cycles is limited compared to the 500 cycles recorded in the engine test bench. The influence of direct injection and equivalence ratio stratifications on combustion is also (MAPO) analyzed. Finally, focusing on knock, a Maximum Amplitude Pressure Oscillation analysis (MAPO) is conducted for both experimental and numerical pressure traces pointing out that LES well reproduces experimental knock tendencies.
The Socialization of STEM Professionals Into STEM Careers: A Study of Newly Hired Engineers
Authors: Korte Russell , Brunhaver Samantha , Zehr Sarah M.
Published: December 2018

The Problem

Recently there has been a growing interest to increase the number of people entering science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. One of the major problems with this “supply-side” model is that it sees STEM workforce development narrowly as one of inputs (recruitment) and ignores the practice of STEM work, which affects the retention of professionals in STEM careers.

The Solution

Informed by recent research and theory on career development, we studied the work experiences of newly hired engineers in one organization. A key finding is that a major part of their experiences involved organizational work and social dynamics outside of what many considered to be “real” engineering work. We propose that these experiences provide important insights for the education and retention of STEM workers.

The Stakeholders

Faculty in higher education that prepare STEM workers, managers in organizations that hire new STEM workers, and aspiring STEM workers.