bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Common Carotid Ostial Disease with Tandem Intracranial Occlusions Treated with Thrombectomy and Staged Retrograde Stenting
Authors: Amuluru Krishna , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Romero Charles E.
Published: July 2018

Background: Acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusive lesions of the anterior circulation involves an intracranial large vessel occlusion as well as a concurrent occlusion or high-grade stenosis of the proximal carotid system. The vast majority of proximal lesions in tandem occlusive cases involve the extracranial internal carotid artery, although the lesion can theoretically exist anywhere along the carotid artery pathway, including the common carotid ostium. Summary: To the best of our knowledge, only 1 report describes common carotid artery ostial lesions in the setting of acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusions, in which the authors describe an anterograde treatment paradigm. We present the first 2 cases of acute ischemic stroke secondary to common carotid ostial disease with tandem intracranial occlusion, treated with intracranial thrombectomy followed by subsequent staged balloon-mounted stenting of the common carotid ostium. We review the pathophysiology of tandem occlusions, the controversy surrounding treatment techniques, and various approaches used in the treatment of ostial occlusive lesions. Key Message: In certain situations where acute carotid stenting is not safe or technically possible, immediate intracranial thrombectomy with a subsequent staged balloon-mounted stenting of the ostial lesion may be a reasonable and safe option.
Produção e consumo digital e o Museu de Favela: ampliando as vozes da periferia
Authors: Oliveira Arize Souza Fernandes de
Published: July 2018

O livro Antropologia Digital e Experiências Virtuais do Museu de Favela relata a experiência da ampliação da comunicação digital do Museu de Favela, que tem como patrimônio as memórias coletivas das comunidades do Cantagalo, Pavão e Pavãozinho, localizadas na zona sul do Rio de Janeiro. A autora analisa os hábitos de consumo das mídias sociais pelos moradores e destaca como elas expressam sentidos culturais locais: a solidariedade, a espiritualidade, a reivindicação política e o humor são identificados tanto no mundo off-line como no ambiente digital.
Publicidade, institucionalidade e formação publicitária
Authors: Correa Rodrigo Stéfani , Petermann Juliana , Hansen Fábio
Published: July 2018

As reflexões apontadas neste artigo compreendem a primeira fase da pesquisa interinstitucional com a temática do ensino de criação publicitária e repercutem os trabalhos exercidos na Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing (RS), na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (PE) e na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS). O objetivo principal nesta etapa foi explorar as práticas de ensino consideradas institucionalizadas, fundamentais para compreensão de determinadas características pedagógicas favoráveis ao senso de “inovação” nas dinâmicas do ensino ligado às matérias de criatividade. Em especial, consideram-se as proposições teóricas de Piaget, Edgar Morin e Vygotsky quanto aos processos de orientação, em que se coloca em perspectiva três dimensões específicas: interação, técnicas e condições de ambiência, igualmente tencionadas pelas projeções de Berger e Luckmann e outros textos dos pesquisadores colaboradores, que farão um estudo longitudinal abarcando todas as regiões do Brasil, com exceção da região Norte.
Procedimentos essenciais do processo de colonização das práticas cotidianas de consumo pelo lugar de poder da produção
Authors: Batista Isaac Matheus Santos , Martins Marcelo Machado , Fernandes Raquel De Aragão Uchôa
Published: July 2018

Este artigo visa compreender os procedimentos inerentes ao processo de colonização das práticas de consumo cotidianas pelo lugar de poder da produção. Através de um estudo de caso sobre a maneira como a maison de alta-costura Dior, que ocupava lugar de poder dentro do sistema de moda, colonizou as práticas de consumo de vestuário dos jovens e da classe trabalhadora dos anos 1960, inspirando-se nos trajes surgidos entre eles para a concepção de novos produtos de luxo, percebemos que existem quatro procedimentos inerentes ao referido processo, são eles: reconfiguração, refuncionalização, ressignificação e eticalização.
O princípio do prazer: o hiperconsumo como escape em tempos de modernidade líquida
Authors: Amorim Eliã Siméia Martins dos Santos , Silva Elis Rejane Santana da , Rosa Jéssica , Perez Clotilde
Published: July 2018

Este artigo discute o panorama contemporâneo, em que as tradições enraizadas diluem-se tanto do ponto de vista tecnológico quanto nas relações inter e intrapessoais e de consumo, a partir das obras de Bauman Modernidade líquida e Vidas para o consumo, analisando-as e relacionando-as à teoria do hiperconsumo de Gilles Lipovetsky. Para este estudo, utilizaram-se pesquisa bibliográfica e análise das obras contemporâneas japonesas da arte Muji, que vem quebrar o princípio do consumo líquido, acelerado e individualista, próprio dos tempos atuais.
Douglas Kellner: a retomada da teoria crítica frankfurtiana sob o impacto da leitura de Marcuse
Authors: Daros Otávio
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da teoria crítica, checando as contribuições e as limitações da obra dos teóricos da primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt, a partir da literatura fornecida pelo pesquisador norte-americano Douglas Kellner. O autor é compreendido como um teorizador do capitalismo avançado, que se apoia na tradição crítica – em especial na obra de Herbert Marcuse –, e por esta via começa a ver a relevância da cultura e dos meios de comunicação no contexto contemporâneo.
Reference Ranges for the Size of the Fetal Cardiac Outflow Tracts From 13 to 36 Weeks Gestation
Authors: Vigneswaran Trisha V. , Akolekar Ranjit , Syngelaki Argyro , Charakida Marietta , Allan Lindsey D. , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Zidere Vita , Simpson John M.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Assessment of the outflow tract views is an integral part of routine fetal cardiac scanning. For some congenital heart defects, notably coarctation of the aorta, pulmonary valve stenosis, and aortic valve stenosis, the size of vessels is important both for diagnosis and prognosis. Existing reference ranges of fetal outflow tracts are derived from a small number of cases.

Methods and Results:

The study population comprised 7945 fetuses at 13 to 36 weeks’ gestation with no detectable abnormalities from pregnancies resulting in normal live births. Prospective measurements were taken of (1) the aortic and pulmonary valves in diastole at the largest diameter with the valve closed, (2) the distal transverse aortic arch on the 3 vessel and trachea view beyond the trachea at the distal point at its widest systolic diameter, and (3) the arterial duct on the 3 vessel and trachea view at its widest systolic diameter. Regression analysis, with polynomial terms to assess for linear and nonlinear contributors, was used to establish the relationship between each measurement and gestational age. The measurement for each cardiac diameter was expressed as a z score (difference between observed and expected value divided by the fitted SD corrected for gestational age) and percentile. Analysis included calculation of gestation-specific SDs. Regression equations are provided for the cardiac outflow tracts and for the distal transverse aortic arch:arterial duct ratio.

Conclusions:

The study established reference ranges for fetal outflow tract measurements at 13 to 36 weeks’ gestation that are useful in clinical practice.
Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Death After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Brener Sorin J. , Tarantini Giuseppe , Leon Martin B. , Serruys Patrick W. , Smits Pieter C. , von Birgelen Clemens , Crowley Aaron , Ben-Yehuda Ori , Stone Gregg W.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Despite advances in technology and technique, a substantial proportion of patients still die within several years after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The relative rates of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death after PCI remain uncertain.

Methods and Results:

We pooled individual patient-level data from 21 randomized clinical trials of PCI performed in 32 882 patients. All studies had independent adjudication of clinical events. We calculated the relative ratio of cardiovascular to noncardiovascular death in each trial up to 5 years and identified predictors of all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular death. At the end of the follow-up period, 1980 patients had died (Kaplan-Meier estimated mortality rate, 9.19%). The rates of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality at 5 years were 4.23% (945) and 5.17% (1035), respectively. The rate of cardiovascular death was higher than noncardiovascular death in the first 30 days after PCI (relative ratio, 6.99; 95% confidence interval, 3.16–15.42;
P
<0.001), similar between 30 days and 1 year, and lower between 1 and 5 years (relative ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.84;
P
=0.0005). Any adverse cardiac event (definite stent thrombosis, spontaneous myocardial infarction, or repeat revascularization) preceded cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality in 292 (30.9%) and 151 (14.6%) patients, respectively. In a multivariable model with adverse events entered as time-adjusted covariates, myocardial infarction and definite ST were associated with early and late all-cause and cardiovascular mortality but not noncardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions:

In this large-scale study of patients undergoing PCI, the 5-year rates of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality were similar, but their relative timing was different.
Impact of Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Global Absolute Coronary Flow and Flow Reserve Evaluated by Phase-Contrast Cine-Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Relation to Regional Invasive Physiological Indices
Authors: Kanaji Yoshihisa , Yonetsu Taishi , Hamaya Rikuta , Murai Tadashi , Usui Eisuke , Hoshino Masahiro , Yamaguchi Masao , Hada Masahiro , Kanno Yoshinori , Fukuda Tadashi , Ohya Hiroaki , Sumino Youhei , Sugano Akinori , Lee Tetsumin , Hirao Kenzo , Kakuta Tsunekazu
Published: July 2018

Background:

Few studies have documented changes in global absolute coronary blood flow and global coronary flow reserve after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in relation to regional physiological measures. Phase-contrast cine-magnetic resonance of the coronary sinus is a promising approach to quantify global absolute coronary blood flow. We aimed to assess the impact of elective PCI on global absolute coronary blood flow and global coronary flow reserve by quantifying coronary sinus flow (CSF) using phase-contrast cine-magnetic resonance in relation to regional physiological indices.

Methods and Results:

We prospectively studied 54 patients with stable angina undergoing elective PCI for a single proximal lesion. Phase-contrast cine-magnetic resonance was used to assess CSF and CSF reserve at rest and during maximum hyperemia, before and after PCI. Regional physiological indices were obtained during PCI. A complete data set was obtained in 50 patients. Hyperemic CSF increased significantly after PCI (pre-PCI, 230.2 [167.4–282.8] mL/min; post-PCI, 267.4 [224.1–346.2] mL/min;
P
<0.01), although 12 patients (24.0%) showed a decrease, despite successful PCI and improved fractional flow reserve. CSF reserve numerically, albeit not statistically significant (
P
=0.19), increased from 2.65 (1.95–3.96) to 2.98 (2.13–4.32). Patients with decreased CSF after PCI were associated with significantly greater pre-PCI hyperemic CSF, lower global coronary vascular resistance, lower regional microcirculatory resistance, and higher fractional flow reserve (all
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:

Fractional flow reserve–guided PCI in patients with single de novo lesions was associated with increased absolute hyperemic CSF, although 24% of patients showed decreased hyperemic CSF, despite successful and uncomplicated PCI. The present approach combining regional and global physiological assessments may provide a novel insight into the dynamic behavior of the coronary hemodynamics and microvascular function after PCI.
A Model for U.S. Tornado Casualties Involving Interaction between Damage Path Estimates of Population Density and Energy Dissipation
Authors: Elsner James B. , Fricker Tyler , Berry William D.
Published: July 2018

A recent study showed the importance of tornado energy as a factor in a model for tornado deaths and injuries (casualties). The model was additive under the assumption of uniform threat. Here, we test two explicit hypotheses designed to examine this additive assumption. The first hypothesis concerns energy dissipation’s effect conditional on population density and the second concerns population’s effect conditional on energy. Both hypotheses are tested using a regression model that contains the product of population density and energy dissipation. Results show that the elasticity of casualties with respect to energy dissipation increases with population density. That is, the percentage increase in casualties with increasing energy dissipation increases with population density. Similarly, the elasticity of casualties with respect to population density increases with energy dissipation. That is, the percentage increase in casualties with increasing population density increases with energy dissipation. Allowing energy and population elasticities to be conditional rather than constant provides a more complete description of how tornado casualties are influenced by these two important factors.
An Adaptive Approach for the Calculation of Ensemble Gridpoint Probabilities
Authors: Blake Benjamin T. , Carley Jacob R. , Alcott Trevor I. , Jankov Isidora , Pyle Matthew E. , Perfater Sarah E. , Albright Benjamin
Published: July 2018

Traditional ensemble probabilities are computed based on the number of members that exceed a threshold at a given point divided by the total number of members. This approach has been employed for many years in coarse-resolution models. However, convection-permitting ensembles of less than ~20 members are generally underdispersive, and spatial displacement at the gridpoint scale is often large. These issues have motivated the development of spatial filtering and neighborhood postprocessing methods, such as fractional coverage and neighborhood maximum value, which address this spatial uncertainty. Two different fractional coverage approaches for the generation of gridpoint probabilities were evaluated. The first method expands the traditional point probability calculation to cover a 100-km radius around a given point. The second method applies the idea that a uniform radius is not appropriate when there is strong agreement between members. In such cases, the traditional fractional coverage approach can reduce the probabilities for these potentially well-handled events. Therefore, a variable radius approach has been developed based upon ensemble agreement scale similarity criteria. In this method, the radius size ranges from 10 km for member forecasts that are in good agreement (e.g., lake-effect snow, orographic precipitation, very short-term forecasts, etc.) to 100 km when the members are more dissimilar. Results from the application of this adaptive technique for the calculation of point probabilities for precipitation forecasts are presented based upon several months of objective verification and subjective feedback from the 2017 Flash Flood and Intense Rainfall Experiment.
Flexural characterization of 3D prepreg/stitched carbon/epoxy/multiwalled carbon nanotube preforms and composites
Authors: Bilisik Kadir , Karaduman Nesrin S , Sapanci Erdal
Published: July 2018

The effect of through-the-thickness stitching and incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the flexural properties of three-dimensional (3D) carbon/epoxy composites was studied. The flexural strength of the carbon twill fabric composites was improved by stitching due largely to delamination suppression, whereas stitching negatively influenced the flexural strength of the carbon satin fabric composites due to stitch-induced irregularities and fiber breakages. The failure mode of the unstitched base (without MWCNTs) and unstitched nano-added structures involved fiber breakage, matrix cracking, and delamination, while the stitched base and stitched nano-added samples exhibited lateral matrix cracking, multiple warp, and stitch yarn breakages with less delamination compared with unstitched structures. The results showed that both stitching and the incorporation of MWCNTs improved the out-of-plane failure properties due largely to restricted delamination. Therefore, stitching and MWCNTs can effectively be used to increase the damage tolerance of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates.
Active Learning for an Online Composition Classroom: Blogging As an Enhancement of Online Curriculum
Authors: Pilkington Olga A.
Published: July 2018

Active learning and online education have become important aspects of knowledge delivery. Nevertheless, little research exists on how active learning techniques can be implemented in an online environment. Deliberate equivalence of methods and materials for onsite and online delivery mechanisms is often seen as a strong point in favor of a particular program. Online environment, however, demands adjustments. Blogging is one way to implement active learning techniques in a virtual classroom. The case study that involved 25 college composition students demonstrates that blogging overcomes the asynchronous nature of online classes and results in improved attitudes toward writing as it shows real-world application of the skills acquired in a classroom and makes students see writing as presentation of self.
Efficacy of single dose albendazole and praziquantel drugs among helminth-infected school children at Rural Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Tadesse , Abera Bayeh , Mulu Wondemagegn , Alemu Megbaru , Yizengaw Endalew , Genanew Ashenafi
Published: July 2018

The resistance of anthelminthic drugs makes helminth control difficult. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of single dose albendazole and praziquantel drugs among helminth-infected children. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June, 2017. Stool examination was done by the Formol-Ether concentration technique. Students infected with geohelminths and s chistosoma mansoni were treated with a single dose of albendazole and praziquantel, respectively. Post-treatment stool examination was performed after two weeks. The magnitude of parasite infection, percentage of egg count reduction and cure rate following treatment were calculated using descriptive statistics.

A total of 409 Sebatamet primary school students were included. The total prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 58%. The cure rate of albendazole against hookworm was only 76.8%. Praziquantel had a 91.4% cure rate against Schistosoma mansoni. Therefore, periodic evaluation of the efficacy of anthelminthic drugs is required.
Motivational Interviewing Case Management (MICM) for Persons on Probation or Parole Entering Sober Living Houses
Authors: Polcin Douglas L. , Korcha Rachael , Witbrodt Jane , Mericle Amy A. , Mahoney Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

The failure of incarceration as a response to drug offenses has resulted in new policies supporting community-based alternatives. One challenge has been finding appropriate housing for persons on probation and parole. Sober living houses (SLHs) are alcohol- and drug-free living environments that are increasingly being used as housing options for these individuals. The current study examined 6- and 12-month outcomes for 330 persons on probation or parole who entered 49 SLHs. Residents in 22 houses ( n = 149 individuals) were randomly assigned to receive a “Motivational Interviewing Case Management” (MICM) intervention and residents in the other 27 houses ( n = 181 individuals) received SLH residency as usual. At 6- and 12-month follow-up, both study conditions showed significant improvement relative to baseline on substance abuse, criminal justice, HIV risk, and employment outcomes. For persons who attended at least one MICM session, there were better criminal justice outcomes compared with the SLH as usual group.
Measurement and simulation study on effective drainage radius of borehole along coal seam
Authors: Qin Wei , Xu Jialin , Hu Guozhong , Gao Jie , Xu Guang
Published: July 2018

A measurement study was conducted for the effective drainage radius of borehole along coal seam #9 of the Kaiyuan Coal Mine using the gas pressure method and gas flow method. The measurement results show that the effective drainage radius of borehole along coal seam #9 was 0.75 m, 27 days after drainage, and 1.5 m, 92 days after drainage. Experimental schemes were designed for the entire evolution of the stress in the coal mass around the borehole, and an experimental study on methane seepage in the coal mass around borehole was conducted. Fitting functions for the permeability of the coal sample and its vertical stress were obtained by fitting the experimental data. Based on the vertical stress–permeability functional relationship of coal masses around borehole, a numerical calculation model for methane seepage from coal masses around borehole was established, and the influences of drainage time, initial gas pressure, borehole diameter, and drainage negative pressure on the effective drainage radius of borehole were investigated. The numerical simulation results show that with the increase in initial gas pressure and borehole diameter, the effective drainage radius of borehole increases continuously but its increase amplitude decreases constantly. With the increase in drainage negative pressure, the effective drainage radius of borehole increases linearly but the increase amplitude is relatively small. The layout parameters of borehole along coal seam #9 of the Kaiyuan Coal Mine were optimized based on the numerical calculation results, and the reasonable drainage time, reasonable borehole diameter, and reasonable drainage negative pressure are 180 days, 120 mm, and 15 kPa, respectively, for the borehole along coal seam #9.
Is specialized palliative cancer care associated with use of antineoplastic treatment at the end of life? A population-based cohort study
Authors: Skov Benthien Kirstine , Adsersen Mathilde , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Soelberg Vadstrup Eva , Sjøgren Per , Groenvold Mogens
Published: July 2018

Background:

The use of chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life should be as low as possible.

Aim:

To study the factors related to the use of chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life and the factors related to concurrent antineoplastic treatment and specialized palliative care.

Design:

This was a population-based cohort study. The data were collected from the Danish Register of Causes of Death, the Danish National Patient Register, and the Danish Palliative Care Database. Analyses were descriptive and multivariate logistic regression.

Setting/participants:

Cancer decedents between 2010 and 2013 in the Capital Region of Denmark.

Results:

During the study period, 17,246 individuals died of cancer and 33% received specialized palliative care. In the last 14 days of life, 4.2% received chemotherapy. Younger patients and patients with hematological cancers were more likely to receive chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life. Receiving specialized palliative care was associated with a lower risk of receiving chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life—odds ratio 0.15 for hospices and 0.53 for palliative hospital units. A total of 8% of the population received concurrent antineoplastic treatment and specialized palliative care. Female gender, younger age, and breast and prostate cancer were significantly associated with this concurrent model.

Conclusion:

Overall, the incidence of antineoplastic treatment in the last 14 days of life was low compared to other studies. Patients in specialized palliative care had a reduced risk of receiving chemotherapy at the end of life.
Learning to Build Resilience into Transportation Systems
Authors: Kim Karl , Francis Oceana , Yamashita Eric
Published: July 2018

There is increased recognition of the value of resilience thinking yet few studies have examined key experiences and lessons for the transportation industry. This paper presents eight case studies on natural and man-made disasters focusing on transportation impacts, lessons learned, and efforts to increase resilience. The cases are the Atlanta snowstorm, I-35W bridge collapse, Boston Marathon bombing, Puna lava highway closing, superstorm Sandy, Hampton Roads sea level rise study, Fukushima disaster, and the Oregon Resilience Plan. The cases are used to inform transportation agencies to better respond to and recover from disasters, as well as improve the resilience of transportation systems. In addition to integrating resilience into the management of transportation assets, new technologies and tools relevant to transportation resilience are described.
The Global Potential for CO2 Emissions Reduction from Jet Engine Passenger Aircraft
Authors: Dray Lynnette M. , Schäfer Andreas W. , Al Zayat Kinan
Published: July 2018

We analyze the costs of CO2 emissions mitigation measures available to aviation using a global aviation systems model. In that context, we discuss the relationship between mitigation potential and scenario characteristics, and how these interact with policy measures that increase the effective price of fuel, for example, ICAO’s CORSIA emissions offset scheme. We find that global fuel lifecycle CO2 emissions per revenue passenger km could be reduced by 1.9% to 3.0% per year on average by the use of a combination of cost-effective measures, for oil prices which reach $75 to $185 per barrel by 2050. Smaller additional emissions reductions, of the order of 0.1% per year, are possible if carbon prices of $50 to $150/tCO2 are assumed by 2050. These outcomes strongly depend on assumptions about biofuels, which account for about half of the reduction potential by 2050. Absolute reductions in emissions are limited by the relative lack of mitigation options for long-haul flights, coupled with strong demand growth.
Performance of Virginia’s Early Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Diefenderfer Stacey D.
Published: July 2018

The Virginia Department of Transportation began allowing the use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) in 2008. Although several WMA technologies were investigated prior to implementation, foamed WMA was not. This study evaluated the properties and performance of foamed WMA placed during the initial implementation of the technology to determine whether the technology had performed as expected. Six mixtures produced using plant foaming technologies and placed between 2008 and 2010 were identified and subjected to field coring and laboratory testing. Coring was performed in 2014, resulting in pavement ages from 4 to 6 years. Three comparable hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were cored at 5 years for comparison. Cores were evaluated for air-void contents and permeability and were subjected to dynamic modulus, repeated load permanent deformation, and overlay testing. In addition, binder was extracted and recovered for performance grading. Similar properties were found for the WMA and HMA mixtures. One WMA mixture had high dynamic modulus and binder stiffness, but overlay testing did not indicate any tendency for premature cracking. All binders had aged between two and three performance grades above that specified at construction. WMA binders and one HMA binder aged two grades higher, and the remaining two HMA binders aged three grades higher, indicating a likely influence on aging of the reduced temperatures at which the early foamed mixtures were typically produced. Overall results indicated that foamed WMA and HMA mixtures should be expected to perform similarly.
Effect of developmental lead exposure on neurogenesis and cortical neuronal morphology in Wistar rats
Authors: Mousa Alyaa M A , Elshahat Mona A , Renno Waleed M
Published: July 2018

Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxic heavy metal that largely affects the developing nervous system. The present study examined the temporal effect of perinatal Pb exposure on neurogenesis and cortical neuronal morphology. Wistar pregnant rats were exposed to 0.5% lead acetate throughout pregnancy and to postnatal day (PD) 28. Offspring were grouped as gestational day (GD) 18 and 21 and PD 7, 14, 21, and 28 in both control and experimental groups. Brain sections were processed for immunohistological staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Brains from 14, 21, and 28 PDs pups were processed for Golgi–Cox stain. Pb exposure significantly increased PCNA-positive nuclei in the ventricular and subventricular zones of the lateral ventricle at 18 and 21 GDs. Postnatally, the Pb-treated groups showed a significant decrease in PCNA-positivity and neuron density compared to control. This reduction was associated with an increase in damaged or apoptotic cell profiles in the experimental groups. At PD 21, there was a significant increase in GFAP immunoreactivity in Pb-exposed groups compared with control. Furthermore, the total apical and basal dendritic length of pyramidal neurons in layer 2–3 of the Golgi–Cox stained sensorimotor cortex was comparable in both control and Pb-exposed groups. Spine density per 10 µm was significantly increased at PD 14 and 21 on the apical dendrites but not basal dendrites of Pb-treated groups. In conclusion, developmental Pb exposure in rats induces a toxic effect on neurogenesis and on cortical neurons, which may be related to cognitive disabilities observed in children exposed to lead.
Étudier les blogueurs politiques en France
Authors: Neihouser Marie
Published: July 2018

Qui sont les blogueurs et blogueuses politiques français·es ? L’objectif de cet article est de construire un corpus rassemblant l’ ensemble des blogs politiques en France afin de pouvoir sociologiser leurs auteurs. Cette quête d’exhaustivité est ici abordée comme un problème de méthode en tant que tel. Je montre que les méthodes propres à la sociologie classique, et plus particulièrement l’identification des positions sociales des individus, sont non seulement adaptables, mais dans certains cas nécessaires au terrain numérique. En effet, en choisissant d’étudier la position sociale des blogueurs/gueuses, je suis non seulement en mesure de rapporter leurs activités en ligne à leur existence hors-ligne, mais je prouve surtout que l’espace des blogs politiques reste en France très imbriqué dans les champs politique et médiatique traditionnels.
Re-Understanding Religion and Support for Gender Equality in Arab Countries
Authors: Glas Saskia , Spierings Niels , Scheepers Peer
Published: July 2018

Much is said about Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) publics opposing gender equality, often referring to patriarchal Islam. However, nuanced large-scale studies addressing which specific aspects of religiosity affect support for gender equality across the MENA are conspicuously absent. This study develops and tests a gendered agentic socialization framework that proposes that MENA citizens are not only passively socialized by religion but also have agency (within their religiosity). This disaggregates the influence of religiosity, highlights its multifacetedness, and theorizes the moderating roles that gender and sociocognitive empowerment play via gendered processes of agentic dissociations. Using 15 World Values Surveys and multilevel models, our analyses show that most dimensions of religiosity fuel opposition to gender equality. However, the salience of religion in daily life is found to increase women’s support for gender equality and cushion the negative impact of religious service attendance. Also, gender and education moderate the impacts of several religiosity dimensions; for instance, women’s (initially greater) support for gender equality more sharply declines with increased service attendance than men’s. Altogether, this study finds that religious socialization is multifaceted and gendered, and that certain men and women are inclined and equipped to deviate from dominant patriarchal religious interpretations.
Analysis and optimization of the surface waviness in the single-point incremental sheet metal forming
Authors: Shojaeefard Mohammad H , Khalkhali Abolfazl , Shahbaz Shahaboddin
Published: July 2018

Presence of waviness in the incremental sheet forming has a detrimental effect on the surface quality of parts, especially on the appearance of those covered with paint. In this paper, the effects of tool diameter, feed rate, spindle speed, and vertical step have been studied on the surface waviness using an innovative method. The proposed method is based on the root mean square deviation of the height of the points located on the wavy surface. In this way, some points are selected on the formed wall and their coordinates are measured using a coordinate measuring machine. Taguchi design of experiments and the analysis of variance are used for studying and optimizing the effects of the four process parameters and their combinations to minimize the waviness of the formed wall. The results show that by reducing the vertical step and increasing the tool diameter, the waviness is decreased. It is also found that the feed rate and the spindle speed have little effect on the waviness. Additionally, from a confirmation test, the results illustrate that the Taguchi method and the analysis of variance provide an efficient and effective method for determination of the optimum level of each process parameter to have the minimum surface waviness.
Influence of humic acid on the long-term performance of direct contact membrane distillation
Authors: Cho Dong-Wan , Kwon Gihoon , Han Jeongmin , Song Hocheol
Published: July 2018

In this study, the influence of humic acid on the treatment of coalbed methane water by direct contact membrane distillation was examined with bench-scale test unit. During short-term distillation (1000 min), high level of humic acid above 50 ppm resulted in significant decrease in permeate flux, while low level of humic acid (∼2 ppm) had little influence on the flux. For the long-term distillation (5000 min), the flux decline began at 3400 min in the presence of 5 ppm humic acid and 5 mM Ca2+, and decreased to ∼40% of initial flux at 5000 min. The spectroscopic analysis of the membrane used revealed that the surface was covered by hydrophilic layers mainly composed of calcite. The membrane fouling effect of humic acid became more significant in the presence of Ca2+ due to more facile calcite formation on the membrane surface. It was demonstrated that humic acid enhanced CaCO3 deposition on the membrane surfaces, thereby expediting the scaling phenomenon.
Sustainable recycling model for municipal solid waste in Patna
Authors: Singh Anupama , Raj Papia
Published: July 2018

Sustainable development is a major concern for developing nations as they strive to preserve their ecological balance along with economic growth. It has been noticed that economic growth results in environmental degradation as it influences lifestyle practices and leads to increased consumption of goods thus generating the large volume of municipal solid waste. Patna, the capital city of Bihar, is an ideal example of this condition. Here, central and local government and pollution committees fail to effectively tackle the large and increasing volume of municipal solid waste. Such scenario of municipal solid waste management in the city can cause serious health hazards, environmental degradation, and ecological destruction. Recycling the inorganic fraction of municipal solid waste can reduce the threat. In the present study, based on an extensive literature review propose a theoretical sustainable recycling model for Patna. This model is based on the similitudes in the recommendations required to attain ‘sustainable development’ and ‘sustainable recycling’. Sustainable recycling model has six gears drive by various variables. Each gear has been tested for its existence in Patna. As a result, ‘social aspect gear drive by three variables in sustainable recycling model is public health; public awareness; health of workers involves in recycling’ shows complete non-existence behaviour. Hence, a survey ( n = 127) has been performed to evaluate the success factors for social aspect gear existence in sustainable recycling model. Multivariate statistical analysis has been executed the comparison of respondents’ perception on success factors and success factor groups affecting sustainable recycling of municipal solid waste in Patna. The study contends that if the proposed model has been successfully applied, then the problem of municipal solid waste can be effectively addressed.
Neuroprotective effect of agmatine (decarboxylated l-arginine) against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: El-Sayed EK , Ahmed AAE , Morsy EM El , Nofal S
Published: July 2018

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by motor and nonmotor symptoms. The neuropathological hallmarks of PD are well reported, but the etiology of the disease is still undefined; several studies assume that oxidative stress, mitochondrial defects, and neuroinflammation play vital roles in the progress of the disease. The current study was established to investigate the neuroprotective effect of agmatine on a rotenone (ROT)-induced experimental model of PD. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with ROT at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for 35 days. Agmatine was injected intraperitoneally at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, 1 h prior to ROT administration. ROT-treated rats that received agmatine showed better performance on beam walking and an elevated number of rears within the cylinder test. In addition, agmatine reduced midbrain malondialdehyde as an indication of lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Moreover, agmatine was responsible for preventing loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. In conclusion, our study showed that agmatine possesses a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings need further clinical investigations of agmatine as a promising neuroprotective agent for the future treatment of PD.
Anion gap and base deficit are predictors of mortality in acute pesticide poisoning
Authors: Lee SB , Kim DH , Kim T , Lee SH , Jeong JH , Kim SC , Park YJ , Lim D , Kang C
Published: July 2018

Background:

Acute pesticide poisoning has long been a serious problem as a method of suicide worldwide. This poisoning is a highly fatal condition that requires a rapid and precise diagnosis for adequate treatment. However, various studies on mortality predictor factors have been insufficient for whole pesticide treatments. We hypothesized that the initial plasma anion gap (AG) and base deficit (BD) are reliable prognostic factors.

Methods:

A retrospective study analyzed 561 patients with a diagnosis of acute pesticide poisoning between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017. The initial AG and BD values were divided into quartiles according to the number of patients. Survival at 30 days from admission was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn, and the areas under the curve for AG and BD for mortality were calculated.

Results:

Fifty-eight (10.3%) of 561 patients died within 30 days. The highest AG quartile (>22 mEq/L) was associated with an increased risk of 30-day hospital mortality. Compared to patients with an AG less than 14.7 mEq/L, these patients had a 4.18-fold higher risk of 30-day hospital mortality and the highest BD quartile (>7.9 mEq/L) was associated with an increased risk of 30-day hospital mortality. Compared to patients with a BD less than 1.4 mEq/L, these patients had 2.23-fold higher risk of 30-day hospital mortality. The areas under the ROC for AG and BD curve were 0.699 and 0.744, respectively.

Conclusions:

Initial high AG and BD values could predict mortality and require precise intensive care.
Interplay of Autophagy Inducer Rapamycin and Proteasome Inhibitor MG132 in Reduction of Foam Cell Formation and Inflammatory Cytokine Expression
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Wan , Chen Wenli , Zhou Quan
Published: July 2018

MG132 is a pivotal inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and rapamycin (RAPA) is an important inducer of autophagy. MG132 and RAPA have been shown to be effective agents that can cure multiple autoimmune diseases by reducing inflammation. Although individual MG132 and RAPA showed protective effects for atherosclerosis (AS), the combined effect of these two drugs and its molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this article we investigate the regulation of oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stress and foam cell formation in the presence of both proteasome inhibitor MG132 and the autophagy inducer RAPA to uncover the molecular mechanism underlying this process. We established the foam cells model by ox-LDL and an animal model. Then, we tested six experimental groups of MG132, RAPA, and 3MA drugs. As a result, RAPA-induced autophagy reduces accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and apoptosis of foam cells. The combination of MG132 with RAPA not only suppressed expression of the inflammatory cytokines and formation of macrophage foam cells, but also significantly affected the NF-κB signaling pathway and the polarization of RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that the combination of proteasome inhibitor and autophagy inducer ameliorates the inflammatory response and reduces the formation of macrophage foam cells during development of AS. Our research provides a new way to suppress vascular inflammation and stabilize plaques of late atherosclerosis.
Climate Change: What Psychology Can Offer in Terms of Insights and Solutions
Authors: Van Lange Paul A. M. , Joireman Jeff , Milinski Manfred
Published: July 2018

Can psychological science offer evidence-based solutions to climate change? Using insights and principles derived from the literature on social dilemmas and human cooperation, we discuss evidence in support of three solutions: crossing the borders of thought, time, and space. First, borders of thought could be crossed by using persuasion that is concrete and tailored to local circumstances and by highlighting information about people’s efforts as evidence against the myth of self-interest. Second, borders of time could be crossed by using kinship cues, which can help make the future less distant, and relatively uninvolved advisors, who may help make the future salient. And third, borders of space could be crossed by showing group representatives how they might benefit from a frame of altruistic competition—focusing on the benefits of being seen as moral and global in orientation. Our overall conclusion is that psychological science can offer evidence-based solutions to climate change.
From the accidental to articulated smart city: The creation and work of ‘Smart Dublin’
Authors: Coletta Claudio , Heaphy Liam , Kitchin Rob
Published: July 2018

While there is a relatively extensive literature concerning the nature of smart cities in general, the roles of corporate actors in their production and the development and deployment of specific smart city technologies, to date there have been relatively few studies that have examined the situated practices by which the smart city unfolds in specific places. In this paper, we draw on three sets of interviews ( n = 114) and ethnographic fieldwork to chart the smart city ecosystem in Dublin, Ireland. We examine how the four city authorities have actively collaborated to frame a disparate and uncoordinated set of information and communication technology-led initiatives, what Dourish terms the ‘accidental smart city’, into an articulated vision of Dublin as a smart city. In particular, we focus on the work of ‘Smart Dublin’, a shared unit established to coordinate, manage and promote Dublin’s smart city initiatives and to drive new economic development opportunities centred on corporate interventions into urban management and living. Our analysis highlights the value of undertaking a holistic mapping of a smart city in formation, and the role of political and administrative geographies and specialist smart city units in shaping that formation.
Performance of CEmONC Centres in Public Hospitals of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Rajasulochana S. , Dash Umakant
Published: July 2018

This case study examines the performance of public hospitals in Tamil Nadu in delivering emergency obstetric care services over a period of 8 years as well as to investigate from provider’s perspective the issues and constraints that affect performance. A mixed method approach has been adopted, integrating the descriptive analysis of administrative data on performance reports (2006–2007 to 2013–2014) of emergency obstetric and newborn care services in 46 public hospitals, along with primary study comprising of semi-structured interviews of 27 health personnel across selected public hospitals. Examination of trends in selected performance indicators shows that utilization of public hospitals for emergency obstetric and newborn care services has improved; a number of complicated and critical cases revived in the comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) centres of public hospitals have gone up. The capability to treat complicated maternal and neonatal cases, however, is limited by inadequacy of specialist doctors, equipment maintenance issue and lack of hospital management. This case study is of interest to both public hospital administrators and health care policymakers who want to improve and develop strategies for better management in public hospitals. Specifically, there is an urgent need to (a) readdress human resource policy for health care personnel, (b) devise appropriate mechanisms for periodic inspection and preventive maintenance of hospital equipment and (c) develop management capabilities and leadership skills within public health system.
Pilot Trial of an Acceptance-Based Behavioral Intervention to Promote Physical Activity Among Adolescents
Authors: Remmert Jocelyn E. , Woodworth Amanda , Chau Larissa , Schumacher Leah M. , Butryn Meghan L. , Schneider Margaret
Published: July 2018

Prior interventions have shown limited efficacy in increasing the number of adolescents engaging in adequate physical activity (PA). Preliminary evidence suggests acceptance-based behavioral treatments (ABTs) may increase PA; however, this approach has not been tested in adolescents. This was a nonrandomized experimental pilot study that examined feasibility, acceptability, and treatment outcomes of a school-based, acceptance-based behavioral intervention for PA. Adolescents ( n = 20) with low activity received a PA tracking device and were allocated to device use only or device use plus 10-weeks of ABT. PA, cardiovascular fitness, and physiological outcomes were measured pre- and postintervention. The intervention was found to be feasible and acceptable. PA, cardiovascular fitness, and physiological outcomes improved over time in the intervention group, but not in the comparison condition. This study demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary treatment efficacy based on effect sizes for an acceptance-based behavioral intervention to increase PA in adolescents.