bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) AND CLOVE (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) AGAINST INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY BY DIMETHOATE IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: Ali Adel Fadhel Hussein , Assakaf Galal Mohammed Salem
Published: April 2024

Usage of pesticides is world wide spread have harmful effect on human health via environmental or occupational exposure, that pollute water, soil and food. This experimental study aims to investigate possible antioxidant and protective activities of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) aqueous extracts against induced injury of liver hepatocytes using the organophosphate Dimethoate (DM) in rabbits. Thirty adult male rabbits from local market were divided into five groups (6 animals in each). (1) control rabbits, (2) rabbits were given DM (20 mg/kg B. w daily dose 1/20 of half the lethal dose), (3) rabbits were given ginger extract (400 mg/kg B.W) daily dose and then DM, (4) rabbits were given clove extract (100 mg/kg B.W) daily dose and then DM, (5) rabbits were given ginger with clove extracts and then DM as previous dose for 30 days. At the end of the experiment animals were anesthetized and then sacrificed. The blood sample was collected for biochemical analysis. Dimethoate resulted in significant increase in the activity of aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared with control. Significantly increased level of both total and direct bilirubin were observed. However, the total protein and albumin were decreased. The ginger and clove extracts either separately or combined in groups 3,4 and 5 showed significantly improvement and decrease activity of liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP. On the other hand, decreased in total bilirubin compared with DM group were recorded. While increased the serum levels of total protein and albumin were observed. It could be included that ginger and clove extracts were effective in protecting against induced hepatotoxicity by treating liver functions. Therefore, we recommend these two plants by moderate amounts to be added in the daily meals and drinks.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Bin-Obedaan Asma K. A. , Farea Aya T. S. , Abd-rabbo Bushra B. O. , Albayti Fadwa A. A. , Al-Hanaka Nahwand A. A. , Ba-abbad Omaima A. A. , Awadh Reem S. M. , Ali Saleh N. H. , Al-Abd Nazeeh M. , Ali Khalid S. , Al-Hawshabi Othman S. S.
Published: April 2024

The experiment was performed on the plant Tribulus terrestris L. which was collected from Khobar region in Al Dhale’ Governorate, Republic of Yemen on March. The extracts used (aqueous and methanol) were prepared in Lab of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy – Aden University. The experiment was done on two types of bacteria, one Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus). The antimicrobial part of the experiment was carried out in the Microbiology Lab - University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen. The experiment was performed in triplicates, and using three factors (Type of solvent, Time and Concentrations). The results obtained were the following: The best solvent for extracting antibacterial substances was methanol in both bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus). The concentrations that produced the highest inhibition zones in E. coli were 600 and 800 mg/ml using well method, while in S. aureus the best concentrations were 400 and 600 mg /ml. The best result was obtained after 72 h using disk method on S. aureus, and using well method on E. coli. Interaction between concentrations and type of solvent showed that the best result was obtained by methanol extract using disk method at 200 mg/ml against E. coli, while the best result against S. aureus was obtained by methanol extract using disk method at 800 mg/ml. Interaction between different times and type of solvent indicated that the best result against E. coli was observed after 72h by aqueous extract using well method, while the best result against S. aureus was observed after 72h by methanol extract using disk method. Interaction between concentrations and different times showed that the best result was obtained after 72h at concentration 800mg/ml using well method against E. coli, while the best result against S. aureus was after 72h at concentration 400mg/ml using disk method. Interaction between type of solvent, concentrations and different times indicated that the best result in E. coli was observed after 72h by methanol extract at 200mg/ml using disk method, while the best result in S. aureus was observed after 72h by aqueous extract at 600mg/ml using disk method.
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN SOME CLINICAL SPECIMENS AND THEIR ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILES, SANA’A, YEMEN
Authors: Al-Ofairi Bashir Ahmed , Edrees Wadhah Hassan , Al-Hadheq Ali Ahmed , Al-Jendy Ahmed Salem , Alrahabi Lutf Mohammed , Al-Ruwaisis Ahmed Mohamed , Obad Khadija Naji
Published: April 2024

Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have emerged globally as significant public health problems owing to their high resistance to antibiotics, particularly in developing countries such as Yemen. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of GNB isolated from clinical samples in Sana’a City, Yemen. A total of 420 clinical samples, including vaginal swabs, urine, and pus, were collected from patients who attended some hospitals in Sana’a City, Yemen, in 2018. The collected specimens were examined according to standard microbiological methods, and the isolated bacteria were tested against some antibacterial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Among 420 specimens, the prevalence of gram-negative bacteria infections was 49.76%. A high rate of GNB was reported among the age group of 41–50 years old (57.97%), female patients (52.19%), those who came from rural areas (60.0%), and those who were uneducated (86.56%). The vaginal specimens exhibited a higher prevalence of bacterial bacteria (60.42%), followed by urine (51.28%) and pus (35.0%). Escherichia coli accounted for the greatest proportion of bacteria recovered from the study's patients (36.62%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.66%), Enterobacter sp. (12.32%), Acinetobacter sp. (10.92%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.15%), Citrobacter sp. (6.34%), and Proteus mirabilis (5.99%). E. coli was highly resistant to imipenem and enrofloxacin. Similarly, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were highly resistant to imipenem and norfloxacin. About 62.86% of Enterobacter sp. isolates were resistant to imipenem. In addition, 83.33–78.97% of Acinetobacter sp. isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Citrobacter sp. had high resistance to norfloxacin. Additionally, over 50% of P. mirabilis isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefuroxime, and ceftizoxime. The conclusion is that there exists a significant proportion of GNB prevalence and antibacterial resistance among the study subjects. Therefore, multisectoral approach is needed for implementing effective strategies to reduce the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among the community.
A Study on Online Payment Applications in India with Reference to Amazon Pay
Authors: Dr. Asiya Jabeen  , Dr. Mohd Waheeduddin  , Chintala Renuka  , Dala Bhavani  , Dasari Shreni  , Davanaboina Anusha
Published: April 2024

This research aims to provide a comprehensive examination of online payment applications in India, focusing on the features, adoption, and user experiences associated with Amazon Pay. In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital transactions, online payment applications play a pivotal role in shaping the way consumers engage in financial transactions. Employing a mixed-methods research design, including surveys, interviews, and usability assessments, the study seeks to understand the factors influencing the adoption of online payment applications, with Amazon Pay as a specific case study. Key areas of investigation include user perceptions of security, ease of use, transaction speed, and the overall satisfaction of consumers utilizing Amazon Pay for their online transactions. The study also explores the impact of promotional strategies, trust-building measures, and user education initiatives on the widespread adoption and sustained usage of online payment applications in India. The findings of this research are expected to contribute valuable insights to the broader understanding of online payment trends in India and offer specific insights into the factors that influence the success of Amazon Pay in this dynamic market.
Green Consumerism Unveiled: A Study on Consumer Purchase Behavior Towards Green Products
Authors: Dr. K. Rama Priya  , Rajitha Patenge  , Vaishnavi  , Valamuri Shivani  , Vanam Gayathri  , Vangeti Ranjani
Published: April 2024

This research abstract provides a glimpse into a study focused on understanding consumer purchase behavior in the context of green products. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study combines qualitative insights and quantitative analyses to explore the factors influencing consumers' choices, preferences, and motivations when it comes to environmentally friendly or "green" products. The qualitative component of the study involves interviews, surveys, and consumer behavior analysis to capture nuanced perspectives on the drivers behind consumers' decisions to choose green products. Simultaneously, quantitative data analysis will be utilized to identify trends, correlations, and statistical patterns associated with consumer preferences for eco-friendly options. Various dimensions of consumer purchase behavior will be investigated, including the impact of environmental consciousness, perceived product attributes, marketing strategies, and external factors on the decision-making process. The study aims to provide insights into how businesses and marketers can tailor their approaches to meet the demands of environmentally conscious consumers. The findings from this research are anticipated to offer valuable insights for businesses, marketers, and policymakers interested in sustainable consumption. By understanding the intricacies of consumer purchase behavior towards green products, stakeholders can develop targeted strategies, improve product offerings, and contribute to the broader goals of environmental sustainability. This study serves as a foundation for informed decision-making and future research within the realm of green consumerism.
Paleopatología ecuatoriana. El Bocio
Authors: Hermida Bustos Enrique
Published: April 2024

Sin entrar en detalles del cuadro clínico, tampoco anatomo-patológicos, diré que el bocio, vulgarmente conocido como cotos, es el aumento anormal del volumen de la glándula tiroides, refleja el defecto de la síntesis de las hormonas tiroideas, generalmente causado por una alimentación deficitaria de yodo.El cuadro clínico definido por hipertrofia de la glándula tiroides (bocio o coto), nerviosismo, sudoración, exoftalmos (ojos saltones), se conoce también con los nombres del cirujano irlandés Robert James Graves (1796-1853) y del médico alemán Carl Adolph von Basedow (1799-1854) y se denomina enfermedad de Graves-Basedow.
Identification of potential DPP-4 inhibitors from Bryophyllum pinnatum by in-silico analysis
Authors: Kshirasagar Shivaraj , Dodamani Suneel , Bhatkal Abhijit
Published: April 2024

Background: An estimated 463 million people already live with diabetes and that figure is set to rise to over 700 million by 2045, as per the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The current form of treatment for Type-2 DM can be done with sulfonylureas, meglitinides, metformin, thiazolidinediones, incretin mimetics: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and amylin analogues (Pramlintide). Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (B. pinnatum) belongs to the plant family crassulaceae used in traditional medicine in Asia. GLP-1 and Glucose-dependant Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP), both play a similar role in stimulating insulin secretion and are inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase-4) enzymes. Aims: To identify the potential anti-diabetic active compounds of Bryophyllum pinnatum against DPP-4 enzyme using in-silico methods. Methods and Material: The phytochemicals associated with Bryophyllum pinnatum were retrieved from ChEBI and canonical SMILES retrieved, followed by searching for its molecular properties and druglikeness using MolSoft LLC, toxicity test using ADVERPred, Swiss Target Prediction for predicting the DPP-4 inhibitors, molecular docking using Schrodinger software suite. Results: The in-silico study identified two phytochemicals from fourteen that have been predicted for DPP-4 inhibition potential against Type-2 DM. In CH2CL2 and CH3OH solvent compounds 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (-5.623 kcal/mol) and 3,4-didehydro-N4-deethylbrinzolamide (-4.91 kcal/mol) displayed the highest docking scores against human DPP-4 (5Y7K). Conclusions: The above-mentioned compounds revealed no side effects. The in-silico results strongly favour the beneficial use of phytochemicals from Bryophyllum pinnatum as a probable herb that can be used for adjuvant therapy. Further in-vitro and in-vivo tests are needed for confirmation.
Cognition enhancing activity of essential oil of Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig in memory-impaired animal models
Authors: Parab Shraddha Mahadev , NS Naikwade , TS Shikalgar , Mali Rutuja Nandkumar
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological condition that causes loss of memory and cognition. Numerous variables, such as age, environment, lifestyle, and genetics, influence the occurrence of such neurodegenerative diseases. Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig is being used traditionally for various skin problems. In, this study, we evaluated the effect of the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig by in vitro as well as in vivo tests in Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced zebrafish and mouse models of memory impairment. Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig significantly retained the spatial and fear memory in zebrafish and mice. Oral administration of the essential oil of Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig has neuroprotective effects in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating lipid peroxidation and reducing oxidative stress in the brains of Aluminum chloride-treated mice and zebrafish, according to biochemical and histopathological studies. These findings suggest that Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig essential oil has anti-amnesic effects via acetylcholine esterase enzyme inhibition and modulation of oxidative stress indicators in neuronal cells. As a result, the current research also suggests that Hedychium coronarium j. Koenig may be used as a natural, complementary therapy for cognitive problems linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
The GCMS, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the Ayurveda oil, Arukaladi tailam
Authors: Sudhan Aparna , K Prabhu , Balakrishnan Deepalakkshmi , Jones Sumathi , Ramakrishna Rao Mudiganthi , M Kavimani
Published: April 2024

Ayurvedic tailams have a long history of use and efficacy. They have been used for centuries, with many individuals reporting positive results in managing and improving their health. Ayurvedic tailams typically have fewer side effects compared to synthetic medications, making them a preferred choice for individuals seeking natural remedies and  can be applied both externally (for massage) and, in some cases, internally (for specific therapies). This versatility allows for a wide range of applications and health benefits.The current study focuses on the GC MS analysis of Arukaladi tailam, an oil composition used in Ayurveda to treat jaundice when administered topically. Before being subjected to the GC MS analysis, the product was appropriately prepared after being purchased from a reputable Ayurvedic dealer in Chennai, India. The IC50 value of the DPPH assay was found to be 744.7391μl/ml and FRAP reveals that the tailam had good reducing power. Further the anti-inflammatory of the tailam exhibited 14.2% of haemolysis at 1000μl/ml and inhibited protein denaturation by 63.74% with an IC50 value of 789.4013 µl/ml. The presence of biomolecules as shown in the GC MS profile are 2-Fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 2- tetradecyl ester, Tridecanol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-, etc. These chemicals could help the medication work better to treat jaundice.
The Influence of Social Influence, Relative Advantage, User Satisfaction on Cloud-Based E-Learning with Behavioral Intention as a Mediating Variable
Authors: Muhammad Cevin Yunior  , Yvonne Augustine Sudibijo
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the influence of social influence, relative advantage, and user satisfaction on cloud-based e-learning adoption, with behavioral intention acting as a mediating variable. Drawing on existing literature, hypotheses are formulated to explore these relationships. The study integrates models such as DOI, TAM, and UTAUT to propose hypotheses, guided by empirical findings from Lebanon, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The hypotheses posit positive impacts of social influence (H1), relative advantage (H2), and user satisfaction (H3) on cloud-based e-learning adoption. Additionally, the study explores the mediating role of behavioral intention in the relationships between social influence (H4), relative advantage (H5), user satisfaction (H6), and cloud-based e-learning adoption. The operational model is presented, depicting the relationships among variables. The research adopts an explanatory approach, using questionnaires distributed to 143 university students engaging in cloud-based e-learning. Descriptive statistics and validity tests ensure data quality, and hypothesis testing involves Mediated Regression Analysis. Results indicate that relative advantage and user satisfaction positively impact cloud-based e-learning, while social influence's direct impact is inconclusive. Behavioral intention does not mediate the relationships as hypothesized, highlighting the nuanced nature of cloud-based e-learning adoption. The study provides insights into the interplay of factors influencing cloud-based e-learning adoption, contributing to the understanding of technology acceptance in educational contexts.
Whistleblowing, Morality, Good Corporate Governance, The Role of Accountant as A Moderation Variable to Fraud Intention
Authors: Joko Arifianto  , Yvonne Augustine Sudibijo
Published: April 2024

Purposes - This study aims to investigate the problem solved and resolved by accountants in the country of Indonesia with various educational backgrounds, the scope of business, and experience in their job to examine fraud intention, with the whistleblowing system as a trigger and other variables like good corporate governance, Morality, the role of the accountant as additional variable moderate provides insights on the moderating effect to fraud intention.
Design/methodology/Approach - Data was gathered using a questionnaire survey involving 291 respondents with accountant backgrounds. This study used quantitative research with smart pls 3.3 .3 and also the grand theory of agency theory and fraud triangle theory as a guide to conclude this study.
Findings - The results show that there is a positive relationship between morality, Whistleblowing system, and Good Corporate Governance, to fraud intention. The moderate variables provide partial support that the role of accountants has a positive significant impact with good corporate governance to the fraud intention. 
Research limitation/implications - The role of accountants in moderating whistleblowing against fraud in the future should be added with other dimensions such as professional skepticism, competence, and perceived behavior.
Practical implications – this study contributes to the development of ideas to reduce fraud intention through critical studies of any variables including whistleblowing, Good Corporate Governance, Morality, also the role of accountants.
Social Implications – this study argues that consistently by the major of morality personal is a must behave in a social environment, especially in the organization of a company or other society.
Originality/Value – this study uses the role of the accountant as a proxy to contribute to the analytical fraud diamond theory. There is limited implication between whistleblowing the fraud intention because whistleblowing depends on practically system good corporate governance.
Development and evaluation of a new instrument that measures motivation towards academic achievement (IMLA) in higher education
Authors: Lagos San Martín Nelly Gromiria , Roa Venegas José María , Palma Luengo Maritza Roxana , López López Carmen Verónica , Fernández Prados Carmen
Published: April 2024

Academic motivation in teaching and learning processes, both in general and in particular in higher education, has been of great interest in educational research, since it is the basis of academic success. In this work, the model "Expectations-Value of achievement motivation" has been considered, which uses a socio-cognitive perspective to design an inventory that allows measuring the motivation for academic achievement in higher education. With this objective, the Motivational Inventory of Academic Achievement (IMLA) is created, supported by a rigorous methodological process in order to make this instrument reliable and valid. The psychometric properties of the IMLA were determined from the analysis of content validity, reliability and construct in a sample of 464 higher education students from a Chilean and a Spanish university. The results indicate that the IMLA has 9 factors that explain 64.11% of the total variance and a Cronbach's alpha of .913, a rating considered high according to the requirements of a measurement instrument. In this way, this study contributes with the creation of a tool that integrates important motivational aspects focused on internal cognitive beliefs, based on expectations and the value of the task, as well as incorporating the assessment of the environment, for which reason it is estimated. that the IMLA is an instrument with a high potential for the educational and scientific field.
Unpacking the Practical Work Inquiry Practice Framework for Improving Science Practical Work and Inquiry: A Namibian Perspective
Authors: Shivolo Tomas , Mokiwa Hamza Omari
Published: April 2024

This study introduces, unpacks, and discusses a theoretically and empirically developed Practical Work Inquiry Practice Framework (PWIPF), designed to improve science practical work and inquiry-based instruction in Namibian secondary schools. Through a systematic literature review, the study identifies gaps in existing research and emphasises the pivotal role of teachers’ conceptions and external factors in lesson planning. Addressing the disparity between teachers’ beliefs and actual implementation of the science curriculum, the framework operates at the macro, meso, and micro education levels, covering areas such as: planning, professional development of teachers, curriculum design, resource provision, classroom implementation, feedback, collaboration, monitoring, evaluation, continuous support, stakeholder engagement, school culture, leadership, teacher support, learner diversity, and community involvement. These elements, categorised as strategic, tactical, and operational functions, interconnect to enhance science education practices. The developed framework offers a comprehensive, contextually relevant approach to implementing science practical work through inquiry-based instruction in Namibian secondary schools, contributing to the overall educational improvement.
Association between Self-Esteem and Dietary Changes among Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mohd Zulkarnain Nurul Iman , Vanoh Divya
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Cancer diagnosis may shift an individual’s food choices as well as self-esteem mainly due to the side effects of treatment, which will influence their nutritional status and perception about themselves. The aim of this study was to explore the association between dietary changes and self-esteem among cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 cancer patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Among the data collected were socio-demographic background, clinical characteristics, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, dietary changes questionnaire before and after cancer diagnosis, self-esteem. Spearman correlation was employed for determining the relationship between dietary changes and self-esteem. Results: Out of 113 subjects, 98 subjects (86.7%) made changes in their dietary intake after being diagnosed with cancer. A total of 58.4% and 45.1% of the subjects reported a decrease in their intake of sugar and condensed milk, while 52.2% stopped consuming red meat. The mean self-esteem score was reported to be average (29.33 ± 3.52). However, no statistically significant association was found between socio-demographic, clinical parameters, and self-esteem with dietary changes. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that cancer patients had made drastic dietary changes following cancer diagnosis especially consumption of red meat and food high in sugar. Most cancer patients had average self-esteem level. Although no association had been found between dietary changes and self-esteem level, it is suggested for more studies should be carried out to provide clear understanding of the factors affecting dietary changes among cancer patients.
Physiological Response and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic among Malaysian Citizens: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gunawardana Nalini Anukshi , Md Roduan Mohd Rohaizad , Ezani Eliani , Saidi Hasni Idayu , Muhamad Zakuan Noraina , Nurdin Armania
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Studies have shown that staying at home for prolonged periods of crisis can pose a significant challenge to individuals and affect their mental health. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the susceptible subgroups among Malaysian citizens that are prone to mental health problems during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with sociodemographic factors. Methods: The mental health status was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale -21
(DASS-21) questionnaire. The survey link was distributed online between October and December 2020. Results: Of 637 respondents, one-third experienced mild to extremely severe depression and anxiety (31.1% and 35.1%, respectively). Female respondents (odds ratio = 1.516, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.057-2.172) were 1.5 times more likely to experience mild to severe depression than male respondents. Unmarried and divorced respondents were 2.1 times more prone to experience mild to severe depression than married respondents. A significant association was also found between employment status and age with depression symptoms among the respondents. For anxiety, a significant association was observed between the age group with mild to severe anxiety symptoms. Marital status, age, and employment status were socio-demographic factors significantly impacting stress levels. Conclusion: According to our findings, females, individuals aged 18-30 years old, students, unmarried and divorced respondents were more susceptible to mental health problems, suggesting that mental health support shall also be provided for these vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 crisis.
Ergonomic Risk Factors and Job Performance of Electronic Employee in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Nizam Nur Alia Syuhada , Ramlee Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Ergonomics is the scientific study of the interactions between humans and other elements of a system to improve human well-being and overall system performance. In larger scope ergonomics examines human behavioral, psychological, and physiological capabilities and limitations. It has given a huge impact on the workers comfort which directly affects the work efficiency and productivity. In Malaysia, the electronics industry is the leading industry in the manufacturing sector and one of the largest employers. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between ergonomics factors and job performance among employees in electronics industry. Material and Method: A total of 155 employees in electronic industry were involved as respondents in this study. A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires consisting of sections on physical ergonomics, cognitive ergonomics, and organizational ergonomics and job performance. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25, and descriptive statistics, person correlation and multiple liner regressions were used to identify the factors associated with job performance. Results: The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between ergonomics factors (physical ergonomics, cognitive ergonomics, and organizational ergonomics) and employee performance with p<0.05. While the multiple linear regression analysis found that the most contributing ergonomics factors was physical ergonomics that significantly affects job performance in the electronics industry in Malaysia. Conclusion: Ergonomics factors can be used to promote improved performance and productivity from the employees in the organization such as awareness training and education.
Development, Validation, and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for Adult Population in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Marshidi Syahirah , Kaur Satvinder , Koo Hui Chin , Ulaganathan Vaidehi , Tarif Munawwarah
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The dietary intake of adults in Brunei Darussalam has not been thoroughly investigated via the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). This study aimed to establish, validate and test the reproducibility of an FFQ to determine and evaluate the adult dietary intake in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: Participants were divided into; (1) development phase (50 adults); (2) validation phase (100 adults); (3) reproducibility phase (subsample of 40 adults). 3-day dietary record (3DR) was used in development phase to gather food items consumed. 2-day dietary record(2DR) was used as a reference method in validation. Nutrients analyze were energy, macronutrients, calcium, and vitamins A and C. Validation analysis were spearman correlation, mean difference, Bland-Altman plot, cohen’s kappa and cross-classification analyses. Reliability analyses were intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach’s alpha and cross classification to compare repeat FFQ administered with 1 to 3 months interval. Results: The FFQ consisted 138 food items from 12 food groups. In validation, mean difference between FFQ and 2DR exceeded 10%, spearman correlation were significantly strong (r=0.994 to r=0.107). Cross-classification demonstrated > 50% of nutrients were correctly and adjacently classified, Bland-Altman plots were relatively consistent for the two methods. Cohen’s kappa ranged from 0.081 to 0.040, demonstrating weak agreement. In reproducibility, ICC outcomes for FFQ1(0.463) and FFQ2(0.978), Cronbach’s alpha was > 0.8, and > 95% of the nutrients were correctly or adjacently classified. Conclusion: The FFQ designed in this study was valid due to the consistency with the dietary records; hence, a reliable tool to predict the dietary intake of Brunei Darussalam adults.
Progressive Changes of Colitis Into Colorectal Cancer Associated With Changes in Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, Serum, Micrornas and Infiltrate Neutrophils
Authors: Pang Jyh Chyang , Elida Nur Farhana , Fang Chin Siok , Md Noah Rahim , Kumar Hanan
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Understand the progression of colorectal cancer from the beginning until the advance stages is difficult and challenging. However, this could be overcome with a good animal model. Methods: In this study, a modified approach had been used to develop colorectal cancer model. The model was developed and monitored from colitis formation until the late stage of colorectal cancer. The changes of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum microRNAs and infiltrate neutrophil in different stages of colorectal cancer were assessed in this study. Results: Results showed that the progression of the disease is correlated with NLR as early as the formation of colitis (r=0.121, p<0.026). Meanwhile, the size of the tumor at each stage is also associated with the NLR value (r=0.185, p<0.0012). In the serum microRNAs study, it was found microRNAs expression in blood serum change in different stages of colorectal cancer. In the early stage of colitis formation, miR223 (> 3 fold expression, p < 0.0025) were abundantly found in the blood serum. Meanwhile in others stage mild (miRNA345 > 2.5 fold, p<0.0011), moderate (miRNA347 & miR512 > 3 fold, p<0.002) and severe (miR31 & miR145 > 2 fold, p<0.0001) microRNAs were also found expressed differently. The quantities of infiltrate neutrophil were varied in different stages of the disease. Conclusion: This study provides an insight into the immunity and molecular level of colorectal cancer and it allows a progressive monitoring on the changes in the molecular, cellular and histological level.
Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Respiratory Diseases in Mosul City
Authors: Ibrahim Radhwan Hussein , Al-Nuaimy Ahmed Abdulrazzaq Malallah
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Chronic non-communicable respiratory diseases (CNCRDs) encompass a group of conditions affecting the airways and lung structures, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cystic fibrosis. CNCRDs pose a significant global health challenge, resulting in approximately four million deaths annually. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with CNCRDs and measure trends in the prevalence of these risk factors over time. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using data collected from primary health centers on both sides of Mosul City. The study period extended from January 1 to July 31, 2022, with information obtained from (40) primary health centers, consisting of (20) centers on the right side and (20) centers on the left side of Mosul. Results: In 2021, the City of Mosul recorded a total of 13,005 registered cases, with 5,598 cases being attributed to asthma (43%), and 7,347 cases being associated with COPD (57%). Bronchial asthma constituted 43% of cases, with 5598 patients, and the highest incidence occurred in the age group between 20-44 years. Conclusion: The prevalence of bronchial asthma and COPD among patients with CNCRDs in Mosul is alarmingly high. It emphasizes the importance of implementing preventive policies and strategies targeting modifiable risk factors for these respiratory conditions.
Awareness of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order among Medical Students in Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors: Lim Bao Jing , Lim Bao Man , Roslan Nurhanis Syazni , Fauzi Mohd Hashairi , Mohd Zuhdi Nur Fatihah , Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Faiziah
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order is a type of Advance Medical Directive (AMD) that documents a patient’s wishes or desire to refrain from Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), especially in the terminally ill patient. It is a sensitive issue in patient care and less is known on medical students awareness on the area. Aim: This study assessed the opinion, knowledge, awareness and familiarity toward Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order among undergraduate medical students from year 1 to 5 in Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 250 undergraduate medical students using an online questionnaire on awareness towards DNR orders. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were applied to examine the distribution and association of DNR awareness among medical students with year of study, gender, race and religion. Results: The study indicated that most participants (84.4%) were familiar with DNR orders. There was no significant association between all 4 variables (year of study, gender, race and religion) with level of awareness among undergraduate medical students in HUSM. Conclusion: Undergraduate medical students have a good awareness on DNR orders. Despite having a multiracial and multi religion community, the medical students have similar patterns in their knowledge about DNR.
Psychosocial Impact of Smartphone Addiction among University Student: A Review
Authors: Mohd Amin Nur Amisha Farhana , Tuan Ismail Tuan Nadrah Naim , Ponnuraj Kannan Thirumulu , Shahidan Wan Nazatul Shima
Published: April 2024

The prevalence of smartphone addiction among university students has raised concerns about its potential implications on their mental health, academic performance, and interpersonal relationships. This review aims to address the existing gap in the literature and shed light on the psychosocial impact of smartphone addiction in this crucial phase of young adults’ lives. A systematic approach was employed to identify and analyse relevant studies from reputable databases. The selection criteria encompassed studies published between January 2009 and December 2022, in university students. The review synthesises findings from 32 selected studies to present a comprehensive analysis of the psychosocial impacts of smartphone addiction. The results indicated significant associations between excessive smartphone use and adverse mental health outcomes, including increased levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among university students. Furthermore, smartphone addiction negatively influences academic performance, decreasing face-to-face communication and social isolation.
Risk of Bias Assessment and Risk Minimisation Strategies in COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study
Authors: Mud Shukri Muhammad Ikhwan , Zainal Nur Za’Imah , Azman Ahmad Zaid Fattah
Published: April 2024

It is paramount to assess the risk of biases in may arise from diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) study as it will affect the accuracy and validity of the tests. These biases can be found in published researches and here we look at COVID-19 DTA studies. The evaluation of bias risk in diagnostic research is mainly performed using QUADAS-2. The aim of this review was to determine potential selection and information biases in diagnostic test accuracy studies and strategies to minimize risk of biases. Literature review related to diagnostic test accuracy study is identified through an online search of databases namely PubMed, ScienceDirect, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and official government websites range. Six potential biases in four QUADAS-2 domains are identified in COVID-19 diagnostic test accuracy study which are 1) spectrum bias in patient selection; 2) interpretation bias in index test; 3) differential misclassification bias and nondifferential misclassification bias in reference standard; and 4) partial verification bias and differential verification bias in patient flow. The identified biases exert effects on accuracy of COVID-19 diagnostic tests. Six strategies are recommended to reduce these biases, hence, improving the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnostic tests. The best diagnostic test can give benefits to the population in the mass screening program during COVID-19.
Philippine COVID-19 Vaccination Through an Infodemiological Lens: A One-year Web-based Search Volume Analysis From 2020 to 2021
Authors: Alibudbud Rowalt
Published: April 2024

This infodemiological research explored the online public interest in COVID-19 vaccine registration and its association with Filipinos’ interest in its side effects, efficacy, alcohol interaction, safety, and dangerousness. It utilized Google Trends to gather search volumes in the Philippines from December 2020 to November 2021. After describing the queries and search volumes, multiple linear regression was done. The results showed that the Filipino public was more interested in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines than their danger. Interest in its efficacy, interaction, and side effects initially increased but decreased over time. Vaccine registration initially dropped but later increased in November 2021, perhaps due to a national holiday for public vaccination. Strikingly, interest in COVID-19 vaccine registration was only associated with its safety and had no relationship with interaction, efficacy, and side effects. Therefore, reliable online information on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial to improving public interest in COVID-19 vaccination.
Detection of Zika Virus Antibodies in Retrospective Serum Samples from Suspected Dengue Cases in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Alfie Nur Alfreena , Henry Sum Magdline Sia
Published: April 2024

Sarawak, a state in Malaysian Borneo, has never reported a case of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection nor conducted any seroprevalence studies on the virus. This study aimed to provide a serological insight into ZIKV in Sarawak. 212 sera samples collected from a dengue surveillance study conducted from 2007 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Samples negative for both dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus by RT-PCR were screened by immunoblots assay for ZIKV prM protein. Positive samples were further subjected to 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) for confirmation. 20 (9.4%) sera samples were positive for ZIKV prM protein but not against prM of dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus. These 20 samples were further subjected to PRNT50, and six samples (2.8%) showed possible seropositivity for ZIKV. This preliminary investigation provides serological evidence of ZIKV infection in Sarawak and highlights the importance of conducting surveillance programs for ZIKV in this dengue-endemic state.
Conducting A Physical Postgraduate Orthopaedic Exit Examination During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ismail Imma Isniza , Mohd Saaid Firdati , Liew Siew Khei , Kamisan Norazian , Harun Mohd Hezery , Khirul Ashar Nur Ayuni , Ab Halim Ashraf Hakim
Published: April 2024

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the worldwide medical education system was affected tremendously due to the suspension of clinical activities and lockdown to prevent the spread of the disease. The delivery of clinical training was modified to alternative methods including online classrooms, recorded video, use of simulated patients and hybrid teaching. Several institutions worldwide chose to postpone their scheduled examination, which requires physical attendance or opted for virtual examination. Malaysian centralised postgraduate orthopaedic exit examination was postponed in 2020 and later recommenced in 2021 with three different centres across the country: north, east and central Malaysia. This article describes the preparation and challenges faced in conducting a face-to-face clinical exit examination for postgraduate orthopaedic candidates in Universiti Putra Malaysia in May 2021, during the Conditional Movement Control Order phase. The examination was a success, and no outbreak of COVID-19 was reported from the event.
A Rare Case of Perioperative Methemoglobinemia in a Paediatric Child: A Case Report
Authors: Awang Mohamad Azlan , Hehsan Muhamad Rafiqi
Published: April 2024

Methemoglobinemia is a rare condition that caused impairment of oxygen delivery manifested as spectrum of features ranging from mild desaturations to severe cyanosis and even death. It is rarely seen in the operative theatre and its incidence is scarcely reported. Even low risk patients are susceptible despite having no significant exposure to commonly reported precipitating oxidizing agents. We described a case of perioperative methemoglobinemia in a 10-year-old child, which was planned for foreign body removal in left ear. The operation went successfully; however, the child developed desaturation postoperatively. Arterial blood gas was measured, and methemoglobin levels were noticeably high at 27.1%. The child remained hemodynamically stable, monitored conservatively, and was successfully treated with intravenous methylene blue. We postulated that the cause of methemoglobinemia was intravenous fentanyl usage, as other oxidising agents were excluded. Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of perioperative methemoglobinemia causing unanticipated desaturations and unexplained cyanosis.
Accessory Pulmonary Ligament? A Case Report of Lingula-Diaphragmatic Anatomy Variation
Authors: Krishnasamy Sivakumar , Justin Kok Shao Loong , Ismanizan Muhammad Afiq , Othman Nur Samiha , Subramaniam Shamala Devi , Abas Razif
Published: April 2024

This case report presents a groundbreaking discovery of a hitherto undocumented ligament connecting the lingula lobe of the left lung to the diaphragm. The study involved a routine dissection of an adult Asian cadaver during a respiratory module practical session. The cord-like structure, approximately 7 cm in length and 2 cm in diameter, showed ligamentous features and was firmly attached to the upper surface of the left diaphragm without any vascular connections. This finding holds potential clinical significance, particularly during anatomical resections of the lung, as the ligament may need to be freed in surgeries such as lingulectomy, left upper lobectomy, or left lower lobectomy. However, the ligament’s relevance differs from the well-known inferior pulmonary ligament, which aids in accessing crucial lymph nodes during left lower lobectomy. The absence of vascular structures suggests a lack of mediastinal lymph nodes associated with this newly identified ligament. Further research is warranted to fully understand its clinical implications.
The Prevalence, Severity and Pattern of First Permanent Molars’ Dental Caries in Children Attending A Postgraduate Dental Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Al Mansour Mariam N. , Al Halabi Manal , Hussein Iyad , Salami Anas , Khamis Amar H. , Kowash Mawlood
Published: April 2024

Introduction: First permanent molars (FPMs) erupt early and their anatomy and location leave them susceptible to dental caries. This study aimed to retrospectively determine the prevalence, severity and pattern of dental caries of FPMs and investigate their relationship if any with demographics and medical health status of the partcipants. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A sample of the digital case notes and radiographs of children aged 5 to 12 years who attended the only postgraduate dental hospital in Dubai were accessed. The recorded data included the children’s demographic variables and the carious status of each FPM as recorded in the notes on the initial assessment. Descriptive and statistical analyses were conducted (P<0.05). Results: A total of 2984 FPMs were obtained from the digital records of 774 children. Their mean age was 8.07 (±2.23) years and only those that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The prevalence of dental caries and mean Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces of FPMs, were 42% and 0.3 (±0.04), respectively. The most prevalent decayed surface was the occlusal (29.2%), followed by mesial, buccal, palatal/ lingual, distal surfaces (24.2 %; 6.6 %; 3.1 %; 2.3 %) respectively. Children with medical problems and/or special needs had a significantly higher level of caries in the buccal surfaces (12.3%) (P=0.042). Conclusion: Caries of FPMs in a sample of Dubai children studied was prevalent, especially in those with special healthcare needs, thus indicating a necessity for targeted prevention and treatment focused on these keystone teeth.