bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern approaches to the treatment of scapholunate interosseous ligament injuries (literature review)
Authors:   Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, Shershneva O.G. , Kirpichev I.V. ,   Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Introduction The scapholunate interosseous ligament binds the scaphoid and lunate together, and is the primary stabilising ligament between these two bones. Scapholunate injuries lead to chronic instability and degenerative arthritis of the wrist. Scapholunate injuries are graded based on the acuity and the severity of the injury. Purpose The paper is a review of various techniques used to repair or reconstruct the scapholunate ligament according to the clinical manifestations, anatomic and pathologic findings. Methods A review of the literature covering this topic is presented. Results Conservative treatment is primarily indicated in stable and partial ligament tears. Arthroscopic treatment is used when immobilization is unsuccessful. Arthroscopically assisted scapholunate reduction and K-wire fixation is commonly used for acute injuries. Primary repair of scapholunate injuries are performed in all tear types using an open approach. Surgical indications depend on the severity of the instability, time after trauma and the presence of degenerative changes. Acute repair of scapholunate ligament injuries remains the gold standard as an earlier intervention provides better results. Acute injuries to the scapholunate ligament require two-four weeks before surgery. Within this period the ligament is often still repairable itself both with or without supplementary capsulodesis procedures; ligament reconstruction is generally preferable in patients with chronic injures. There are many arthroscopic techniques to treat chronic scapholunate injures such as scapholunate ligament primary repair using various types of capsulodesis, tendon graft reconstruction, bone-ligament-bone procedure, various intercarpal fusions and proximal row carpectomy, total wrist fusion and arthroplasty. Conclusion Early diagnosis and management of scapholunate ligament tears are necessary to preserve wrist functions.
Integrating ICT in Teaching and Learning at Sultan Qaboos University: Current Status and Future Recommendations
Authors:   the Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, Ahmed Abdelrahman Mohamed
Published: December 2020

The present study investigated the current status of integrating ICT into teaching and learning at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU). A sample of 220 faculty members from six different colleges and four administrators from the Center of Educational Technology (CET) and the Center for Information Systems (CIS) at SQU in Oman were chosen, and quantitative qualitative design using a semi-structured questionnaire, interviews and checklists was employed. The findings show that SQU had a high availability of ICT infrastructure in terms of hardware, software and support services, as well as adequate computer labs for educational purposes. However, the results also indicated that, although SQU provided a series of professional development workshops related to using ICT in teaching, few faculty members were interested. Furthermore, the finding indicated that, the degree of ICT integration into teaching at SQU was at a medium level. Given the importance of ICT integration in teaching and learning, it is recommended that SQU should recognise and acknowledge the faculty members’ role in ICT integration. Therefore, it should provide ways to support faculty members in developing their ICT skills and knowledge and increasing capability in performing their role.
Establishing an Islamic Learning Habituation Through the Prophets’ Parenting Styles in the New Normal Era
Authors: Rouzi Kana Safrina , Afifah Nikmah , Hendrianto Ciptro , Desmita Desmita
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has plagued since the beginning of this year, has shifted life habits, including study habits. They have changed from using hard file-based media (books, paper, pens, and pencils) to soft file media (network-based media) because students must learn from home. The purpose of this paper is to describe the concept of learning habits integrated with Islamic Learning Habituation through the implementation of the Al-Qur'an verses, containing the Prophet's parenting style by presenting a sense of muraqabah (the supervision of Allah SWT). This research method used text study. The research's nature was descriptive analysis research with idealistic patterns in reducing the Al-Qur'an verses and other literature to find solutions to research problems. The literature search results found that muraqabah's feelings in children would result in Islamic learning habits, namely learning practices that prioritized honesty, trust, and responsibility when studying online without parents' company.
L’accertamento dei tributi doganali: nuovi criteri di selezione dei controlli, confronti e tendenze evolutive
Authors: Saponaro Fabio
Published: December 2020

Aprovado e publicado em 11 de novembro de 2020. L’Autore esamina il funzionamento del sistema doganale europeo nei suoi profili sia di diritto sostanziale sia di diritto formale, ponendo particolare attenzione all’attività di revisione ed accertamento dei tributi doganali, che continua ad essere disciplinata dai singoli Stati membri dell’Unione europea. L’esigenza di reprimere sul territorio dell’Unione europea le frodi in materia doganale - in considerazione del fatto che i dazi costituiscono risorse proprie dell’Unione - ha visto incrementare gli interventi legislativi sovranazionali, anche in questa materia, al fine di introdurre nuovi strumenti e regole comuni per agevolare e migliorare le attività di verifica e controllo: scambio di informazioni fiscali e banche date informatiche per la condivisione delle informazioni tributarie disponibili presso ciascuno Stato. La ricerca di più efficaci criteri di selezione del rischio di elusione ed evasione fiscale sembra sempre più essere il risultato di una sterile e discutibile elaborazione informatica, scaturita dell’esame incrociato di una sempre maggiore mole di informazioni fiscali scambiate e/o condivise, quasi mai preceduta da un’adeguata analisi qualitativa e preventiva in grado di tenere conto e di garantire le esigenze di tutela del contribuente. Il modello europeo viene posto a confronto con quello brasiliano, che con l’adozione del “SISAM”, particolarmente evoluto sul piano tecnico-informatico, giunge perfino all’utilizzo di forme di “intelligenza artificiale” per garantire una efficiente selezione dei controlli e delle operazioni a rischio. Sullo sfondo emerge la contrapposizione tra il prevalente interesse fiscale rispetto al diritto di tutela del contribuente, spesso pregiudicato o impossibilitato nell’esercizio del suo diritto di difesa.
Research on the Role of Business Administration in Enterprise Transformation
Authors: Shang Yuncheng
Published: December 2020

Business administration plays an important role in the development of enterprises in transition. It can provide correct development direction for enterprises, give corresponding scientific guidance, and improve the core competitiveness of enterprises, which is conducive to the stable development of China’s market economy and improve China’s comprehensive strength. This article puts forward the research on the role of business administration in enterprise transformation. By analyzing the content and characteristics of business administration, it points out the role of business administration in enterprise transformation and market economy development, so that enterprises can face up to the role of business administration and actively cooperate to provide a strong guarantee for their own development.
Non-Dutch Petitions in the Seventeenth-Century Dutch Atlantic
Authors: Van den Tol Joris
Published: December 2020

This article argues for the centrality of petitions for colonial administration in the Dutch Atlantic. Moreover, through a study of non-Dutch petitioners, it demonstrates the diversity of individuals that exercised influence on colonial decision-making. This adds an important understanding of political exchanges to the well-established understanding of the Atlantic world as based on inter-imperial, cross-cultural, and multi-ethnic economic exchanges. The colonial inhabitants did not stand idly by as decisions in and from the European metropole or West India Company (WIC) administrators invaded their lives, but instead actively attempted to influence the rules and regulations that governed them. The space that allowed for this on-the-spot negotiation between the colonial government and those individuals it governed was open to virtually everybody and the topics covered were equally as varied, ranging from local decentralized authority to regulations for colonial commodities and issues of religion.
Differential Changes in Arteriolar Cerebral Blood Volume between Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Normal and Impaired Cognition and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Patients without Movement Disorder—An Exploratory Study
Authors: Paez Adrian G. , Gu Chunming , Rajan Suraj , Miao Xinyuan , Cao Di , Kamath Vidyulata , Bakker Arnold , Unschuld Paul G. , Pantelyat Alexander Y. , Rosenthal Liana S. , Hua Jun
Published: December 2020

Cognitive impairment amongst Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is highly prevalent and associated with an increased risk of dementia. There is growing evidence that altered cerebrovascular functions contribute to cognitive impairment. Few studies have compared cerebrovascular changes in PD patients with normal and impaired cognition and those with mild-cognitive-impairment (MCI) without movement disorder. Here, we investigated arteriolar-cerebral-blood-volume (CBVa), an index reflecting the homeostasis of the most actively regulated segment in the microvasculature, using advanced MRI in various brain regions in PD and MCI patients and matched controls. Our goal is to find brain regions with altered CBVa that are specific to PD with normal and impaired cognition, and MCI-without-movement-disorder, respectively. In PD patients with normal cognition (n = 10), CBVa was significantly decreased in the substantia nigra, caudate and putamen when compared to controls. In PD patients with impaired cognition (n = 6), CBVa showed a decreasing trend in the substantia nigra, caudate and putamen, but was significantly increased in the presupplementary motor area and intracalcarine gyrus compared to controls. In MCI-patients-without-movement-disorder (n = 18), CBVa was significantly increased in the caudate, putamen, hippocampus and lingual gyrus compared to controls. These findings provide important information for efforts towards developing biomarkers for the evaluation of potential risk of PD dementia (PDD) in PD patients. The current study is limited in sample size and therefore is exploratory in nature. The data from this pilot study will serve as the basis for power analysis for subsequent studies to further investigate and validate the current findings.
Super-Resolution Hyperpolarized 13C Imaging of Human Brain Using Patch-Based Algorithm
Authors: Ma Junjie , Park Jae Mo
Published: December 2020

Spatial resolution of metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 13C-labeled substrates is limited owing to the multidimensional nature of spectroscopic imaging and the transient characteristics of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. In this study, a patch-based algorithm (PA) is proposed to enhance spatial resolution of hyperpolarized 13C human brain images by exploiting compartmental information from the corresponding high-resolution 1H images. PA was validated in simulation and phantom studies. Effects of signal-to-noise ratio, upsampling factor, segmentation, and slice thickness on reconstructing 13C images were evaluated in simulation. PA was further applied to low-resolution human brain metabolite maps of hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate and [1-13C] lactate with 3 compartment segmentations (gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid). The performance of PA was compared with other conventional interpolation methods (sinc, nearest-neighbor, bilinear, and spline interpolations). The simulation and the phantom tests showed that PA improved spatial resolution by up to 8 times and enhanced the image contrast without compromising quantification accuracy or losing the intracompartment signal inhomogeneity, even in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio or inaccurate segmentation. PA also improved spatial resolution and image contrast of human 13C brain images. Dynamic analysis showed consistent performance of the proposed method even with the signal decay along time. In conclusion, PA can enhance low-resolution hyperpolarized 13C images in terms of spatial resolution and contrast by using a priori knowledge from high-resolution 1H magnetic resonance imaging while preserving quantification accuracy and intracompartment signal inhomogeneity.
Book Review: Serkov P.P. Legal Relationship (Morality of the Modern Legal Regulation). Moscow, Norm, 2020. 688 s.
Authors:   Head of the Department of Commercial Law of the Saint Petersburg State University, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Popondopulo Vladimir F.
Published: December 2020

In a review of P.P. Serkov's book “The Legality (Morality of Modern Legal Regulation)” notes that this study belongs to the few works of Russian jurists, which are put and to some extent solved fundamental problems of law. Along with the overall positive assessment of the work, many of its provisions are critically assessed. Contrasting morality (as a criterion for assessing the legality of human behavior) to subjective interest, the author of the peerreviewed monograph is not far away from legal positivism, although he seeks to disassociate himself from it. Calling for a “face-to-face” approach, the author, like representatives of legal positivists, considers the person and his behavior as the object of evaluation (regulation) at least from the moral beginning.
Covid-19 and the Spanish Flu. From Suffering to Resilience
Authors:   Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania, Luca Liliana , Baroiu Liliana ,   Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania, Ciubara Alexandru Bogdan ,   Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania, Anghel Razvan ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Bulgaru-Iliescu Andra Irina ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Anghel Lucretia ,   Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania, Ciubara Anamaria ,   Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania
Published: December 2020

This paper is an overview of how the pandemic affected society during the Spanish flu period and its impact on the psychiatric hospitals and asylums of that period. The continuous changes of situations in the context of the current pandemic and the attempt of individuals to adapt led to comparisons between COVID-19 and the Spanish flu of 1918-1919. The progress of medicine and intervention measures are still struggling with the strength of influenza viruses and their ability to spread around the world has grown exponentially. The study analyzes how this new pathology can influence the attitude of individuals towards the disease, their thoughts, emotions and behaviors so as to prevent the onset of symptoms in the field of mental health and contribute to the well-being of the population.
Homicidal Act Commited by an Elderly Person With Sexual Dysfunction. Case Report
Authors:   Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, 56 Nicolae Balcescu Street, Brasov-500019, Romania, Toma Sebastian Ionut , Barna Barabas ,   Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, 56 Nicolae Balcescu Street, Brasov-500019, Romania, Tabian Daniel ,   Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, 56 Nicolae Balcescu Street, Brasov-500019, Romania, Scripcaru Calin ,   ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, Iasi-700115, Romania, Moga Marius Alexandru ,   Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, 56 Nicolae Balcescu Street, Brasov-500019, Romania, Bulgaru-Iliescu Diana ,   ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, Iasi-700115, Romania
Published: December 2020

Sexual dysfunctions (SDs) are highly prevalent with aging. Studies reported an interactive correlation between psychiatric morbidity and SD. Also, SDs have significant influence on patients` self-esteem, body image, interpersonal relationships, and physical health in general. The aim of the present research is to present an intimate partner homicide case and to discuss a possible correlation between SDs of elderly patients and their inclination towards aggressive behavior from intimate partner violence (IPV). A forensic psychiatric assessment was performed on a married male patient, aged 61. He was diagnosed and treated for BPH and he could no longer have sexual intercourse. Using a knife, he provoked over 20 stab wounds to his wife, who died following the attack. He admitted that he was jealous, due to his wife having an affair. The psychiatric forensic expertise found that the killing was committed with discernment. Psychological states found in IPV perpetrators are partly like those met in SDs patients. The relation between SDs in older adults and aggressive behavior, especially IPV, requires further research. In the case discussed, a complex of negative emotions and aggressiveness could be determined equally by infidelity of the spouse or by the perpetrator’s SD, but we can assume that SD played a relevant role in the causal chain.
The Role of Formative Intervention in Diabetes in Primary and Secondary School Teachers
Authors:   PhD student, George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Tirgu- Mures UMFST, Romania, Lica Maria-Melania , Porkolab Annamaria ,   PhD Student George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Tirgu- Mures UMFST, Romania, Muntean Irina ,   Primary Physician Diabetes And Metabolic Diseases, ASCOTID Association of Children and Youth with Diabetes, Tirgu-Mures, Romania, Mihai Adriana ,   Associate Professor PhD, Department of Psychiatry, IPPD Institute of Psychotherapy and Personal Development, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
Published: December 2020

The children with diabetes mellitus have often difficulties regarding school adaptation and integration, generated largely by the special conditions of the disease. On the other hand, how the child succeds in this adaptation, interferes with the management of chronic disease and the quality of his life. An important role for the child with diabetes in school is played by the head teachers.The informations about this disease and the attitude towards the children affected by this disease are important variables in this direction. The objective of our study is improving the teachers knowledge and attitude toward diabetes in children by providing quality information and practical intervention techniques. 86 head teachers from elementary and secondary schools were interviewed regarding their knowledge about diabetes in children, and participated to a formative course about this disease. After their participation in a theoretical and practical training course, their knowledge and their attitude have been improved considerably and the follow-up evaluation (after 3 months) indicated a stability of informations and practical techniques for granting first aid, over time. The conclusion is that formative intervention of teachers is an important step in helping children with diabetes to better school adaptation and, also in improving the quality of their life.
Coercive Measures and Stigmatization in the Psychiatric Medical Care
Authors:   “Socola” Institute of Psychiatry Iași, Nechita Petronela , Luca Liliana ,   “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galați (ROMANIA), Voinea Alina-Ioana ,   Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, St. Albans, Moraru Codrina ,   “Socola” Institute of Psychiatry Iași, Dobri Mirona-Letiţia ,   “Socola” Institute of Psychiatry Iași
Published: December 2020

The involuntary commitment of psychiatric patients has been done for almost a decade under the Law 487/2002, the law of mental health and protection for people with psychiatric disorders. Frequent involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations have led to stigma attitudes and discriminatory acts towards patients with mental disorders. The coercive medical measures are applied in the psychiatric institutions of the mental health protection agencies. Coercion gives rise to serious ethical debates in the psychiatric assistance. The individual who was hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital anticipates social rejection becoming defensive, withdraws socially, experiences a complex internal conflict. The goal for this study is to illustrate aspects linked to coercive measures, mechanical restraint at involuntary admission of patients with mental illnesses in the psychiatric medical assistance. Material and method: This study is a retrospective one, and the data was taken from the charts with involuntary admissions during the period of October 2002 to July 2012. The studied lot was comprised of 202 patients admitted involuntarily in a psychiatric hospital according to the Law 487/2002, the law of mental health and protection for people with psychiatric disorders. Results: Of the 25.7% patients admitted involuntarily, that required coercive measures during admission, 58% were contained for symptoms like self-harm. The mechanical contention measures were especially necessary in the acute cases with symptoms as self-harm and/or harm of others, but also in situations with hallucinatory-delirium symptoms. The ratio of male sex subjects was significantly higher in the subject lot that needed coercive measures during hospitalization, of those admitted involuntarily (86.5% vs. 72%) (p = 0.036). Conclusions: Involuntary admission and mandatory treatment remains in psychiatry a medical, legal and ethical problem. The required measures can lead mainly to clinical benefits, implying a paternal attitude from the psychiatry specialists by defying the patients’ autonomy. Treatment compliance is directly proportional to the overall level of functioning and inversely proportional to the level of self-stigmatization.
Evaluating the Impact of Dissociation in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors:   Psychiatrist, Hospital of Psychiatry “Elisabeta Doamna”, Galati, Rădulescu Ionuț Dragoș , Ciubara Alexandru Bogdan ,   Associate Professor, Department of Clinic surgical, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Moraru Codrina ,   Resident psychiatrist, Socola Institute of Psychiatry, Iasi, Burlea Stefan Lucian ,   Lecturer University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr. T. Popa Iasi, Ciubară Anamaria ,   Psychiatrist, Hospital of Psychiatry “Elisabeta Doamna”, Galati & Professor, Department of Psychiatry, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Dissociative symptoms are present in a various number of psychiatric disorders and are viewed as a major risk factor for suicidal and self-destructive behavior. Dissociation is defined in DSM-5 as a “disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior”. Assessing dissociation within different categories of mental disorders can be used to predict symptom severity and nonresponse to psychotherapeutic treatments. The most important tool in this process is the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). The purpose of the current study is to extend the understanding of dissociation in Psychiatric Disorders. Material and methods: The current study used PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify relevant articles that refer to the subject of dissociation in Psychiatric Disorders. Results and Discussions: Dissociation and dissociative disorders have been at the root of continuous controversy in psychiatric and psychology communities. The general confusion comes from the reduced conceptual distinction between dissociation as a symptom, process, deficit and psychological defense. At the high end of the DES score we find dissociative disorders, but closely followed by posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder and conversion disorder with eating disorders, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders at midrange and the lowest scoring DES psychiatric disorder is found in bipolar disorders. Early intervention, based on these scores, show major improvement in maladaptive functionality, suicidal and self-destructive behavior, coupled with a reduction in total treatment cost. Conclusions: There is a significant benefit in careful assessment of dissociative symptoms for the entire spectrum of mental disorders. There is a major need to raise awareness in all mental health facilities, of the value that this has in the current clinical setting.
Popoulu: A Promising Plantain Banana Could Strengthen the Banana Chips Industry in India
Authors: Kumara K.T. Naveena , Kavitha C. , Jeyakumar P. , Balakrishnan S. , Soorianathasundaram K.
Published: December 2020

Background: Nendran is the commercial variety of banana grown exclusively for preparation of chips but its yield potential is very low (10 to 12 kg/plant). Hence an attempt was made to identify suitable banana varieties for processing along with high yield.Methods: Six banana genotypes, viz., Popoulu and Nendran (Plantain type) and NRCB-8, Monthan, Bhoodibale and Kovvur Bontha (Cooking type) were evaluated for the parameters viz., bunch weight, finger weight, finger length, finger girth, pulp recovery and crop duration apart from processing utility.Result: ‘Popoulu’ was found to be superior for maximum pulp recovery (76.61%) along with higher chips recovery (40.45%). With respect to overall acceptability, chips processed from ‘Popoulu’ recorded higher scores (8.07) followed by Nendran (7.56). Popoulu was also found superior for finger weight, finger girth and attained maturity with lesser duration.
Seasonal Fluctuations and Management of Sucking Insect Pests on Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Mawtham M.M. , Justin C. Gailce Leo , Roseleen S. Sheeba Joyce
Published: December 2020

Background: Bitter gourd, an important tropical and sub-tropical vegetable which occupies a predominant position in Indian vegetables. The aphids and leafhoppers are more serious agricultural insect pests and aphids indirectly transmit plant virus diseases like, Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) in cucurbit crops. Our study aimed to noticed seasonal fluctuations and bio-inputs using management of sucking pests in bitter gourd. Methods: Field experiments were conducted during 2017-19 in a farmer’s field at Ellamanam village, Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu in insect pest population was monitored at weekly intervals from ten randomly selected plants in three plots. In field efficacy studies conducted Randomised Block Design with eight treatments and three replications. Result: Our results showed in the maximum aphid and leafhopper populations were recorded in September 2018 during 39th SMW (Standard Meteorological Week). In Rabi, the aphids and leaf hopper population were maximum in 9th and 10th SMW in February and March. The population of aphids and leafhopper were positively correlated with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wind speed and wind direction. Rainfall and relative humidity were negatively associated to aphids and leafhopper infestation. In Kharif and Rabi, high reduction of aphid and leafhopper pest population were noticed in chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC and spinosad 45 SC compared to control. Among the bio-inputs agniastram recorded higher reduction of pest population followed by karpurakaraisal, NSKE, fish acid and ten leaf extract.
Effects of Ratemyprofessors.com and University Student Evaluations of Teaching on Students’ Course Decision-Making and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Boswell Stefanie S.
Published: December 2020

This study investigated effects of Ratemyprofessors.com and university student evaluations of teaching on students’ course decision making and self-efficacy in an ethnically diverse undergraduate sample. It also investigated if these effects were impacted by evaluation positivity. Additionally, the study explored if attitudes toward Ratemyprofessors.com was related to student gender, college class, and age. Participants were 73 undergraduates who were exposed to positive and negative evaluations about fictitious professors; participants were informed that the evaluations originated from RMP or university student evaluations of teaching. Evaluation positivity but not type influenced students’ intention to enroll in the professor’s course, but not how seriously they would consider the feedback. Evaluation positivity also influenced self-efficacy. Beliefs about and use of Ratemyprofessors.com were not related to student gender, college class, or age. Implications for student course decision making and self-efficacy for university students, faculty, and administrators are discussed.
Editorial
Authors: García Rafael
Published: December 2020

Editorial
Operationalization of an Expanded Anteroom in a COVID-19 Dedicated Hospital, South Korea
Authors: Shon Soonyoung , Cho Hwasook , Sung Minseo , Kang Jinyoung , Choi Younsuk , Lee Sanghun , Moon Kyoung Ja
Published: December 2020

Infection control among patients is critical for diseases like COVID-19. The concentration of patients in a few facilities burdens healthcare providers and the healthcare system. This study examined the operations of an extended anteroom in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital. It presents issues to consider in the deployment and operation of an extended anteroom through discussions by expert working groups. The subjects covered included efficient space, staffing, equipment management, and education. The process involved wearing personal protective equipment (PPE; in this case, Level D), and if necessary, wearing additional powered air purification respirators (PAPR), after moving from the preparation room to the dressing room, and when entering the hospital through the entrance passage. When leaving the hospital, personnel used a mandatory exit-only passage; in the dressing room, they undressed, and then went outside, in this order. The efficient spatial composition of the anteroom facilitated entry and exit and the separation of contaminated areas and non-contaminated areas using colors and lines. It is necessary to develop operational guidelines for hospitals that treat infectious diseases and conduct research to improve care. The study indicated the need to develop educational programs and use educational simulations to address regionally spread infectious diseases
Technological innovations in the cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae: review
Authors: Muniz Souza Rossi Lelis , Ramalho Viana Winston Kleine , Martins Moreira Michele Santana , Soares Filho Aldeney Andrade , Lisboa Viviana , Bezerra Vidigal Rochelle Cruz de Araujo , Catter Karla Maria , Freire Eloy Halana Rodrigues , Nogueira Matias João Felipe
Published: December 2020

The cultivation of microalgae presents a great biotechnological potential, mainly to produce natural bioactive substances, which can be used in the pharmaceutical industry and especially in the development of functional foods, thanks to its nutritional properties. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is considered the main source of natural astaxanthin, a carotenoid of high antioxidant action and with wide applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food and aquaculture industries. This review aimed to cover the most important aspects of biology, biochemical composition, biosynthesis and astaxanthin accumulation in the cells of H. pluvialis, in addition to its broad application to humans and animals. The methodology used in this work was a systematic review of the literature, presenting the gaps and opportunities for research. This work provided a broader view of the technologies and methodologies used to produce H. pluvialis, providing a direction for future work to be undertaken. During the bibliographic survey, it was observed that information regarding the cultivation of H. pluvialis, aiming at the production of astaxanthin, is still very incipient in Brazil, with results observed only on a laboratory scale, making it difficult to really understand the implementation costs for a possible commercial production. This work has started a larger research and will serve as a basis for future activities, mainly to solve possible doubts.
Factors leading to increased operational costs in a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Souza Janaína , Pereira Adriano , Silva Eliezer
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To quantify the operational costs of a municipal public hospital in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) and to identify factors that led to cost increases during the year of 2016 using the absorption method. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between January and December of 2016 at Vila Santa Catarina Municipal Hospital, a public tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Results: We identified and analyzed a total of 8702 inpatient data. Average day cost per patient was US$ 949, with a median of US$ 1,825, and a total operating cost of US$ 48,743,847. Transplant patients showed the highest median costs, while pregnant women had the lowest median costs, 69.9% of the 8,702 hospitalized patients was above the mean cost of US$ 3,068 registered for 2016. Age was associated with a 6.6% increase in cost for each one-year increase in age, while the cost associated with female patients was 1.1 times that of men. Patients who died in the hospital were 8 times more likely to cost more than patients who were discharged from the hospital. Oncology, transplant, and clinical-surgical patients had 18.8 times the cost of patients in the maternity unit, respectively. Conclusion: We identify the operating costs of the Vila Santa Catarina Municipal Hospital, where the average cost for the operation of the unit was US$ 133.179. The cost per patient was US$ 1,825.91. We also concluded as to the second objective that the cost increase factors were age and death.
LOGICO SEMANTIC RELATION ANALYSIS OF CLAUSE COMPLEX IN CNN NEWS
Authors: Noviandari Niken Sri , Yuwono Dolar
Published: December 2020

This study deals with Logico Semantic Relation in CNN News text. The objectives of this study is to discover the types of Logico Semantic Relation of Clause Complex Used in CNN News and to know the dominant type  of logical semantic systems interpreted in CNN News.  The researcher applied qualitative approach and used content analysis design.  The technique of collecting data was documentation. The data of the research was Logico Semantic Relation meanwhile the news text of CNN was as the data source of the research.  The data were analyzed by data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings showed that (1) The types of Logico Semantic Relation used in the five news texts of CNN were Expansion (Elaboration, Enhancement, and Extension) and Projection (Locution). The total number of Logico Semantic Relation was 201 or 100% which consisted of 153 items or 76,10% of expansion and 48 items or 23,90% of projection.  (2)  Expansion (Elaboration) was the most dominant type among all kinds of Logico Semantic Relation which appeared in 92 times or 45,80%. The second rank was projection (locution) that was 48 times or 23,90%. The third position was expansion (Enhancement) which occurred 33 times or 16,40%. Meanwhile, Expansion (Extension) appeared 28 times or 13,90%, and the last one was projection (idea), which had no percentage (0 times or 0.00%). The researcher concludes that there are two types of Logico Semantic Relation used in the CNN news text, those are Expansion (Elaboration, Enhancement, and Extension) and Projection (Locution). The most dominant type of Logico Semantic Relation that appears in the text is Expansion (Elaboration).
Reduction of Shale Permeability by Temperature-Induced Creep
Authors: Zhang Qian , Fink Reinhard , Krooss Bernhard , Jalali Mohammadreza , Littke Ralf
Published: December 2020

The effects of temperature on the permeability coefficients of carbonaceous shales and the underlying mechanisms have been investigated experimentally. Pressure-pulse-decay gas-permeability tests were performed on seven shale plugs with different lithological compositions, organic-matter contents ranging from 0.8 to 11.7% total organic carbon (TOC) and thermal maturity between 0.53 and 1.45% random vitrinite reflectance (VRr). During the tests, the measuring temperatures were changed stepwise from 30 to 120°C and back to 30°C while axial load and confining pressure were kept constant. Sister plugs were used for mechanical tests to investigate the creep response upon thermal loading under the same temperature conditions. The samples showed varying degrees of permeability reduction by up to 71% with increasing temperature. This reduced permeability persisted during the cooling phase. The observed permeability changes reflect the elastoplastic deformation upon the thermal compaction of the rocks. Permeability reduction and creep response with increasing temperature are evidently controlled by organic matter, although clay minerals also played an important role. Organic-matter- and clay-rich shales exhibit the strongest response to temperature, while temperature effects were slightly smaller for overmature samples. Rock mechanical analysis showed that permeability reduction correlates with temperature-related creep/deformation of the shales. Given the strong temperature dependence of the mechanical stiffness of solid organic matter and of the viscosity of bituminous solids/liquids, more attention should be paid to temperature effects in the assessment of shale permeability. Our experimental results document that thermal stimulation has negative effects on shale-transport properties and that measurements conducted at laboratory temperatures can lead to substantial overestimation of in-situ shale permeability.
The Impact of Kerogen Tortuosity on Shale Permeability
Authors: Aljaberi Jaber , Alafnan Saad , Glatz Guenther , Sultan Abdullah S. , Afagwu Clement
Published: December 2020

Shale-matrix-associated transport phenomena exhibit multiple mechanisms including advective-, diffusive-, and adsorptive-driven transport modes, depending on the pore type. Diffusive processes are governed by the shale organic constituents known as kerogens. Kerogens, composed of fine-scale organic microstructures, vary with respect to their petrophysical properties, depending on their origin and maturity level. The extent to which kerogens contribute to the overall transport is governed by their ability to diffuse hydrocarbons contained within. The diffusion coefficient is a crucial parameter used to quantify diffusivity based on the interactions between the host material and the diffusing molecules. Kerogen as a hosting medium allows for diffusion of natural gas at various rates based on several factors. One of these factors, kerogen porosity, is conjectured to significantly influence diffusive transport phenomena. In this paper, taking advantage of the predictive power of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we investigate the impact of kerogen porosity on the diffusivity coefficient of natural gas. Starting from a single type II kerogen macromolecule, several kerogen structures for a realistic range of porosity values were created and, subsequently, used for diffusivity calculations of methane molecules. Simulation results suggest a direct link between diffusion and kerogen porosity, allowing for delineation of the diffusion tortuosity factor. Furthermore, the microscale tortuosity–diffusivity relationship in kerogens was investigated at the reservoir scale by means of a shale permeability model. The results substantiate the critical impact of the diffusion process on the shale permeability.
Alternative Architecture of the E. Coli Chemosensory Array
Authors: Burt Alister , Cassidy C , Stansfeld Phillip , Gutsche Irina
Published: December 2020

Chemotactic responses in motile bacteria are the result of sophisticated signal transduction by large, highly organized arrays of sensory proteins. Despite tremendous progress in the understanding of chemosensory array structure and function, a structural basis for the heightened sensitivity of networked chemoreceptors is not yet complete. Here we present cryo-electron tomography visualisations of native-state chemosensory arrays in E. coli minicells. Strikingly, these arrays exhibit a p2-symmetric array architecture that differs markedly from the p6-symmetric architecture previously described in E. coli. Based on this data, we propose molecular models of this alternative architecture and the canonical p6-symmetric assembly. We evaluate our observations and each model in the context of previously published data, assessing the functional implications of an alternative architecture and effects for future studies.
Perineural dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block prolongs analgesia duration and reduces postoperative opioid consumption after thoracotomy: a prospective, randomized study
Authors: Wang Qiang , Liu Ruoshan , Wei Shijing , Zhang Guohua , Ni Cheng , Sun Li , Zheng Hui
Published: December 2020

Background: Single-injection erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been reported to be successfully used for analgesia after open thoracotomy. However, the duration of analgesia is not long enough. Adding dexmedetomidine to local anesthetics is frequently used to prolong the duration of single-injection regional nerve block. This randomized study was designed to assess whether adding dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine for ESPB could effectively prolong the duration of analgesia and reduce opioid consumption after open thoracotomy.Methods: Sixty patients with esophageal cancer were randomized to receive ESPB using 28 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine, with 2 mL of normal saline (group R) or 0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine in 2 mL (group RD) administered perineurally. ESPB was performed at the 5th thoracic level under ultrasound guidance. The primary outcome was the duration of analgesia. The secondary outcomes were total postoperative sufentanil consumption, numerical rating scale pain scores, Ramsay sedation scale scores and adverse effects.Results: The duration of analgesia in group RD (505.1±113.9) was longer than that in group R (323.2±75.4) (p<0.001). The total postoperative sufentanil consumption was lower in group RD (23.3±10.0) than in group R (33.8±13.8) (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects between the two groups.Conclusion: Adding perineural dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine for ESPB seems to be an attractive method for prolonging analgesia with almost no adverse effects in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing curative-intent thoracotomy. Trial registration: ChiCTR1800016583. Registered 10 June 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Global hotspots of recent and ancestral turnover in birds
Authors: McFadden Ian R. , Coelho Marco Túlio P. , Wüest Rafael O. , Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc , Rangel Thiago F. , Graham Catherine H.
Published: December 2020

A primary goal of biodiversity research is to uncover the processes acting in space and time to create the global distribution of species richness. However, we currently lack an understanding of how recent versus ancient biodiversity dynamics shape patterns of diversity for most groups. Here, we introduce a method to partition lineage turnover into recent and ancestral components, and use it to identify hotspots of turnover at the global scale for 8,296 bird species. Counter to the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis, we find extra-tropical regions such as Greenland and the Sahara are hotspots of ancestral turnover, while areas with high climatic variation such as (sub)tropical mountains and biome transitions are recent turnover hotspots. We can now quantify the relative contribution of contemporary and ancient lineage dynamics to assemblage structure, which enables future research to explore the processes generating earth’s diversity in a more temporally-explicit framework.
Relationship between crack length, wedge-shaped cutter geometry, and salt rocks viscosity in a cross-cutting scheme
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Kharlamova Nelli , Konovalova1 Mariia ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Existing publications lack studies on the relationship between salt rocks physical properties, cutters geometry, cutting force, and intergranular fracture of rock under the cutter. By analyzing the system of cracks formed by the cutters between the cutting lines, it is possible to estimate the effi ciency of fracture and design the nature and conditions of cutting. Research aim is to obtain an analytical dependence that links cracks size, cutter geometry, and salt rocks crack resistance; calculate the cutting force; experimentally determine sylvine, halite and carnallite fracture toughness coeffi cients necessary for the calculation. And fi nally, based on the obtained data, the research aimed to build 3D graphs of crack length dependence on cutter geometry for a cross-cutting scheme. Methodology. Sylvine, halite and carnallite crack resistance coeffi cients were obtained by indentation. The coeffi cient values were used in the formula for calculating the size of cracks between the cutting lines in these rocks. The formula was corrected after D6.22 cutter indentation test in salt rocks. Light microscopy technique was used to study fl uid inclusions in salt rocks. Results. Analytical dependence, values of crack resistance coeffi cients were obtained. 3D graphs for halite, sylvine and carnallite were constructed for the cross-cutting scheme. The type, size and concentration of fl uid inclusions along the grain boundaries are given that accelerate intergranular fracture under the cutter. Conclusions. The resulting formula relates cutter geometry (cutting rim width and cutting angle) to the cutting force and viscosity of rocks. The formula was used to build the 3D graphs for sylvine, halite and carnallite for the cross-cutting scheme. The size of cracks under the cutter is connected with the presence of fl uid inclusions. The obtained analytical dependence allows to model the spatial distribution and size of microfractures in salt rocks under the action of the cutting tool. Excessive branching of cracks, energy intensity, and the number of small fractions decrease, when the trajectory of the cutter partially passes through the “technogenic” cracks of the previous bed. This is implemented in the cross-cutting scheme, where this group of cracks plays the role of “starting” ones. Their length in actual practice is important for justifying the optimal cutting parameters and estimating the cutter’s effi ciency.