bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Expository Text Structure Interventions on Comprehension: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pyle Nicole , Vasquez Ariana C. , Lignugaris/Kraft Benjamin , Gillam Sandra L. , Reutzel D. Ray , Olszewski Abbie , Segura Hugo , Hartzheim Daphne , Laing Woodrow , Pyle Daniel
Published: March 2017

This meta‐analysis synthesizes results from expository text structure interventions designed to increase comprehension for students in kindergarten to grade 12 published between 1970 and 2013. Twenty‐one studies were identified, 19 of which met criteria for a meta‐analysis, including 48 studywise effect sizes that were meta‐analyzed to determine (a) how effective expository text structure interventions are in improving comprehension and (b) what features of expository text structure interventions (e.g., number of text structures taught, type of implementer) are associated with improved comprehension outcomes. A random‐effects analysis yielded a significant mean effect of .95 overall and a significant mean effect of 1 for researcher‐developed comprehension measures. Moderator analyses indicated significant differences in student comprehension outcomes, favoring researchers as implementers, 11–20 hours of interventions, one or two text structures taught, and students in the elementary grades. Instructional features of expository text structure interventions and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Insulin‐Responsive Glucagon Delivery for Prevention of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Yu Jicheng , Zhang Yuqi , Sun Wujin , Kahkoska Anna R. , Wang Jinqiang , Buse John B. , Gu Zhen
Published: March 2017

Hypoglycemia, the state of abnormally low blood glucose level, is an acute complication of insulin and sulfonylurea therapy in diabetes management. Frequent insulin dosing and boluses during daily diabetes care leads to an increased risk of dangerously low glucose levels, which can cause behavioral and cognitive disturbance, seizure, coma, and even death. This study reports an insulin‐responsive glucagon delivery method based on a microneedle (MN)‐array patch for the prevention of hypoglycemia. The controlled release of glucagon is achieved in response to elevated insulin concentration by taking advantage of the specific interaction between insulin aptamer and target insulin. Integrating a painless MN‐array patch, it is demonstrated that this insulin‐triggered glucagon delivery device is able to prevent hypoglycemia following a high‐dose insulin injection in a chemically induced type 1 diabetic mouse model.
Service Dogs in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Levey Janet A. , Chappy Sharon L.
Published: March 2017

Service dogs are critical for the independence of individuals with disabilities because they assist with daily living activities and help these individuals navigate society. Perioperative nurses need a working knowledge of disability laws pertaining to service dogs to provide patient‐centered care for individuals using service dogs. This article provides information on the Americans With Disabilities Act regulations regarding service dogs, makes recommendations for the care of patients with service dogs across the perioperative continuum, and offers policy directives to ensure that safe, high‐quality care is delivered to patients using service dogs.
Fine Structure and Iteration Trees
Authors: Mitchell William J. , Steel John R.
Published: March 2017

Since their inception, the Perspectives in Logic and Lecture Notes in Logic series have published seminal works by leading logicians. Many of the original books in the series have been unavailable for years, but they are now in print once again. In this volume, the third publication in the Lecture Notes in Logic series, Mitchell and Steel construct an inner model with a Woodin cardinal and develop its fine structure theory. This work builds upon the existing theory of a model of the form L[E], where E is a coherent sequence of extenders, and relies upon the fine structure theory of L[E] models with strong cardinals, and the theory of iteration trees and 'backgrounded' L[E] models with Woodin cardinals. This work is what results when fine structure meets iteration trees.
ICE PATCH HUNTING IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE AREA, ROCKY MOUNTAINS, USA: WOOD SHAFTS, CHIPPED STONE PROJECTILE POINTS, AND BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS)
Authors: Lee Craig M. , Puseman Kathryn
Published: March 2017

Ice patches and the alpine are important elements of the sociocultural landscape of the Greater Yellowstone Area, and they transcend the jurisdictional boundaries that divide the lands on which they occur. The ice patch record complements traditional sources of archaeological knowledge through the addition of well-dated organic artifacts, such as shafts from hunting tools, recovered in a readily recognizable context. This paper examines the types of wood used in the manufacture of hunting implements recovered at Greater Yellowstone Area ice patches through the analysis of nine unique wooden shafts and shaft fragments from five sites. Five shafts are birch (Betulaspp.), two are willow (Salixspp.), one is fir (Abiessp.), and one is pine (Pinussp.). The shafts included in this analysis range in age from 9230 ± 25 B.P. to 215 ± 20 B.P. Diagnostic Oxbow and Pelican Lake chipped stone projectile points recovered in association with ice patches provide additional temporal resolution regarding use of these features. One of the four sites that yielded wooden shafts contains a record of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) hunting between 3885 ± 25 B.P. and 879 ± 23 B.P.
On the integration of product and process models in engineering design
Authors: Eckert Claudia M. , Wynn David C. , Maier Jakob F. , Albers Albert , Bursac Nikola , Xin Chen Hilario L. , Clarkson P. John , Gericke Kilian , Gladysz Bartosz , Shapiro Daniel
Published: March 2017

Models of products and design processes are key to interacting with engineering designs and managing the processes by which they are developed. In practice, companies maintain networks of many interrelated models which need to be synthesised in the minds of their users when considering issues that cut across them. This article considers how information from product and design process models can be integrated with a view to help manage these complex interrelationships. A framework highlighting key issues surrounding model integration is introduced and terminology for describing these issues is developed. To illustrate the framework and terminology, selected modelling approaches that integrate product and process information are discussed and organised according to their levels and forms of integration. Opportunities for further work to advance integrated modelling in engineering design research and practice are discussed.
Epithelial, mesenchymal and hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypes and their clinical relevance in cancer metastasis
Authors: Garg Minal
Published: March 2017

Cancer metastasis occurs through local invasion of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), intravasation, transportation to distant sites, and their extravasation followed by colonisation at secondary sites. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a normal developmental phenomenon, but its aberrant activation confers tumour cells with enhanced cell motility, metastatic properties, resistant to therapies and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in epithelium-derived carcinoma.

Experimental studies from various research papers have been reviewed to determine the factors, which interlink cancer stemness and cellular plasticity with EMT. Although existence of CSCs has been linked with EMT, nevertheless, there are controversies with the involvement of type of tumour cells, including cells with E (epithelial) and M (mesenchymal) phenotype alone or hybrid E/M phenotype in different types of cancers. Studies on CTCs with hybrid E/M phenotypes during different stages of cancer metastasis reveal strong association with tumour -initiation potential, cellular plasticity and types of cancer cells. Cells with the hybrid E/M state are strictly controlled by phenotypic stability factors coupled to core EMT decision-making circuits, miR200/ZEB and miR-34/Snail.

Understanding the regulatory functions of EMT program in cancer metastasis can help us to characterise the biomarkers of prognostic and therapeutic potential. These biomarkers when targeted may act as metastatic suppressors, inhibit cellular plasticity and stemness ability of tumour cells and can block metastatic growth.
Glacier mass variation and its effect on surface runoff in the Beida River catchment during 1957–2013
Authors: WANG SHENG , YAO TANDONG , TIAN LIDE , PU JIANCHEN
Published: March 2017

Using in-situ measured data from Qiyi Glacier, in combination with meteorological and run-off data from stations, a distributed degree-day model was developed for 631 investigated glaciers in the Beida River catchment to explore glacier mass change and its effect on streamflow. The results showed that the average mass balance was −272 ± 67 mm w.e. a−1, with an ice loss of 3.99 Gt during 1957–2013. Assuming a continuous linear trend, equilibrium line altitude rose by 242 m. Compared with morpho-topographic variables, climatic control is a more important factor affecting glacier change. Mass-balance sensitivity to air temperature was −239 mm w.e.°C−1a−1, while to precipitation it was +1.1 mm w.e. mm−1a−1. That is, a 210 mm increase in precipitation would be needed to compensate for the net mass loss induced by an air temperature increase of 1°C. Average annual glacier meltwater runoff was 1.51 × 108m3from 1957 to 2013, accounting for 15.2% of surface runoff. The time series of meltwater runoff changed abruptly in 2000, and its contribution to surface runoff increased from 13.9 to 20.4%.
Men with Adult Onset Epileptic Seizures: Their Coping Strategies and Sense of Subjective Wellbeing following Elective Neurosurgery
Authors: Raffaele Martin , Mpofu Elias , Smith-Merry Jennifer , Mackey Martin
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to understand the coping strategies used by men with Adult Onset Epileptic Seizures (AOES) following elective neurosurgery, and in particular, how those adaptive skills relate to their subjective wellbeing (SWB). Open-ended qualitative interviews were conducted with five men with a history of neurosurgery for AOES (aged 34–59). The interview data was thematically analysed utilising interpretive phenomenological analysis. The findings indicated that the men experienced significant role marginalisation by family and co-workers, and also poor communication provided by health care professionals. They reported a higher sense of SWB with the use of ego-buffering strategies, such as positive reframing, threat minimisation, emotional self-acceptance and engaging in wish-fulfilling fantasies. Self-blame led to lower SWB. Findings imply that agentic behaviour is important to successful living with AOES following neurosurgery.
DP-MINIMAL VALUED FIELDS
Authors: JAHNKE FRANZISKA , SIMON PIERRE , WALSBERG ERIK
Published: March 2017

We show that dp-minimal valued fields are henselian and give classifications of dp-minimal ordered abelian groups and dp-minimal ordered fields without additional structure.
LEFT MAXIMAL AND STRONGLY RIGHT MAXIMAL IDEMPOTENTS IN
G*
Authors: ZELENYUK YEVHEN
Published: March 2017

Let G be a countably infinite discrete group, let
βG be the Stone–Čech
compactification of G, and let ${G^{\rm{*}}} = \beta G \setminus G$. An idempotent $p \in {G^{\rm{*}}}$ is left (right) maximal if for every idempotent $q \in {G^{\rm{*}}}$, pq = p
(qp = P) implies qp
= q (qp =
q). An idempotent $p \in {G^{\rm{*}}}$ is strongly right maximal if the equation xp
= p has the unique solution x
= p in G*. We show that
there is an idempotent $p \in {G^{\rm{*}}}$ which is both left maximal and strongly right maximal.
Unreliable Inferences About Unobserved Processes: A Critique of Partial Observability Models
Authors: Rainey Carlisle , Jackson Robert A.
Published: March 2017

Methodologists and econometricians advocate the partial observability model as a tool that enables researchers to estimate the distinct effects of a single explanatory variable on two partially observable outcome variables. However, we show that when the explanatory variable of interest influences both partially observable outcomes, the partial observability model estimates are extremely sensitive to misspecification. We use Monte Carlo simulations to show that, under partial observability, minor, unavoidable misspecification of the functional form can lead to substantial large-sample bias, even though the same misspecification leads to little or no bias under full observability.
Radiocarbon Dating the Ancient City of Loulan
Authors: Xu Bing , Gu Zhaoyan , Qin Xiaoguang , Wu Yong , Mu Guijin , Jiao Yingxin , Zhang Lei , Hao Qingzhen , Wang Luo , Wei Dong , Liu Jiaqi
Published: March 2017

The discovery of the ancient city of Loulan in Xinjiang, China, at the beginning of the 20th century was of great significance for understanding the evolution of culture and civilization in Inner Asia. However, due to the lack of systematic chronological studies, the history of this ancient city remains unclear, particularly the date of its construction and abandonment. Here, we present the results of the first systematic radiocarbon (14C) dating carried out on artifacts from ancient Loulan. Our results show that human activity began as early as 350 cal BC, flourished during the interval from the 1st to 4th centuries AD, and completely disappeared around 600 AD. Most of the buildings in the city were constructed during the Eastern Han Dynasty rather than in Wei/Jin Dynasty, as previously indicated by excavated documents and letters (Hedin 1898; Xiao 2006). The development and flourishing of Loulan coincided with the interval of high ice accumulation and meltwater supply from surrounding mountains. The city began to decline and was finally abandoned following an abrupt decrease in ice accumulation and meltwater supply (Yao et al. 1996; Lauterbach et al. 2014), suggesting that natural climate change was the major factor responsible for the abandonment of Loulan.
A NOTE ON THE CONNECTEDNESS OF THE BRANCH LOCUS OF RATIONAL MAPS
Authors: HIDALGO RUBEN A. , QUISPE SAÚL
Published: March 2017

Milnor proved that the moduli space Md of rational maps of degree d ≥ 2 has a complex orbifold structure of dimension 2(d − 1). Let us denote by ${\mathcal S}$d the singular locus of Md and by ${\mathcal B}$d the branch locus, that is, the equivalence classes of rational maps with non-trivial holomorphic automorphisms. Milnor observed that we may identify M2 with ℂ2 and, within that identification, that ${\mathcal B}$2 is a cubic curve; so ${\mathcal B}$2 is connected and ${\mathcal S}$2 = ∅. If d ≥ 3, then it is well known that ${\mathcal S}$d = ${\mathcal B}$d. In this paper, we use simple arguments to prove the connectivity of ${\mathcal S}$d.
Bacterial lysate for the prevention of chronic rhinosinusitis recurrence in children
Authors: Chen J , Zhou Y , Nie J , Wang Y , Zhang L , Shi Q , Tan H , Kong W
Published: March 2017

Background:

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common nasal disorder in children that is prone to recurrence. This study investigated the prevention of chronic rhinosinusitis recurrence with bacteria lysate in children.

Methods:

Bacteria lysate was administered 10 days per month for 3 months to children with chronic rhinosinusitis, who had just entered a remission phase. Visual analogue score, nasal symptoms scores, rhinitis attack frequency and antibiotic use were assessed at three months and one year.

Results:

At one year of follow up, the visual analogue score, nasal discharge and obstruction scores, number of days with rhinitis attacks per month and number of days with antibiotic use per month were significantly decreased in the prevention group versus the control group (p< 0.05).

Conclusion:

Bacterial lysate used in the remission period of rhinosinusitis in children was shown to provide long-term prophylaxis. Bacterial lysate can effectively reduce the frequency of rhinosinusitis attacks and ameliorate attack symptoms.
Pragmatism and democracy in a global world
Authors: Frega Roberto
Published: March 2017

This article discusses the advantages of a pragmatist theory of global democracy for understanding the political relevance of new phenomena such as the emergence of forms of private authority and transnational movements in tackling with global issues. The article shows in particular that the pragmatist notion of ‘publics’ offers promising insights and proves particularly promising for completing the transition from methodological nationalism to methodological cosmopolitanism that is required to understand new normative practices developing at the global level and to inquire into their conditions of validity. After having presented a basic outline of the pragmatist theory of democracy, I discuss the contribution of pragmatism to the critique of methodological nationalism and proceed then to examine and reject two alternative approaches to global politics – transnational public sphere theory and global representation theory – showing why they fail to overcome methodological nationalism. The last two sections explore private entrepreneurial authority in contexts of global governance and shows that pragmatism succeeds in explaining their political role, while the other two approaches fail.
DEBATING CHICHEN ITZA
Authors: Ringle William M.
Published: March 2017

Teams from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) have put forth a new chronology for Chichen Itza that challenges recent scholarly opinion favoring a date of roughlya.d.800/850–1000/1050 for the so-called “Toltec” or Modified Florescent occupation. The new chronology instead argues for the placement of this occupation betweena.d.950–1150, a span favored by scholars prior to the 1970s. This paper presents a critique of the ceramic, radiocarbon, and stratigraphic foundations of these arguments, arguing that, on present evidence, Chichen Itza experienced a tenth-century florescence. Although the site may very well have been occupied into the next century, at present we have no absolute dates aftera.d.1000 and no evidence for later monumental construction. Furthermore, arguments for a proposed hiatus or discontinuity at the onset of the Modified Florescent period are rejected in favor of a model of continued development of Toltec ideas from the late ninth century onward.
Effect of landscape variables on the long-term decline of Great Argus in the rainforest of Southern Thailand
Authors: DAWRUENG THANEE , NGOPRASERT DUSIT , GALE GEORGE A. , BROWNE STEPHEN , SAVINI TOMMASO
Published: March 2017

In Thailand, as for most of South-East Asia, large vertebrates are declining rapidly due to habitat degradation and increasing hunting pressure. Once relatively common in the evergreen forest of Southern Thailand, the Great ArgusArgusianus argusis currently limited to a few populations, whose status is currently unknown. In this study we investigated changes in Great Argus abundance over the past 13 years in Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary. Our aim was to estimate and compare the abundance and density of this species from an earlier two-year survey in 2001–2002 and ours in 2014, and to assess the effect of landscape change on its status of the species. We conducted surveys from March to August 2014 during the breeding season. We placed point counts that overlapped the line transects from the 2001–2002 survey. The results indicated a decline of > 35% in mean abundance from 2001 to 2014. In addition, male abundance has shifted and is now positively related to distance from the forest edge. High levels of human disturbance close to the forest edge may have resulted in the birds moving to the core of the forest, suggesting a need to increase protection and management of forest edge areas. In common with other studies of large vertebrates, our results confirm the importance of long-term studies to highlight the negative effects of human disturbance.
Legacies of Punk Rock in Socialist Hungary
Authors: BLESSING BENITA
Published: March 2017

With a slight shrug of the shoulders, a middle-aged, middle-class man describes his teenage years as a member of the Hungarian punk scene: ‘we were right-wing punks. Because this was full communism’. This sentiment is echoed throughout Lucile Chaufour's documentary stroll down communist memory lane. We were angry teenagers, her interview partners tell the camera; we were unhappy, we hated communism, we hated the Soviet Union, but we loved Hungary, and anti-government sentiment in a left-wing regime turns a hard right.
Signposting mutation in some fourteenth- and fifteenth-century music theory treatises
Authors: WHITTAKER ADAM
Published: March 2017

The foundation of the solmisation system, attributed to Guido d'Arezzo, is based upon the application of the syllables ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, to the musical notes C D E F G A. Later, this system was expanded to incorporate a series of overlapping hexachords made up of these six syllables. These overlapping hexachords could allow a singer to move seamlessly across the regular musical space (the gamut) using only the six syllables (voces) via ‘mutations’. Even though the extent to which this system underpinned diatonic conceptions of musical space is being reconsidered, it seems clear that, at least for some musicians, it played an integral part in music education.

Although many theorists discussed the process of hexachordal mutation in their treatises, the approaches towards its exemplification and demonstration were far from uniform, given its conceptual rather than notated function. Johannes Tinctoris's Expositio manus (c.1472) includes a number of musical examples showing hexachordal mutation. His examples, rather unusually, include syllabic annotations to label the points of mutation within the musical notation, a practice that is almost without precedent. This article takes Tinctoris's treatise as a point of departure and compares the approaches taken towards the exemplification of hexachordal mutation in some theoretical texts from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, tracking the influence of their approaches forward into the sixteenth century. It considers what some different approaches can tell us about the conceptual function of the hexachord in pedagogy, and what the motives might have been for adopting specific exemplification practices.
The absent first gathering of the Chantilly manuscript
Authors: BENT MARGARET
Published: March 2017

The Chantilly manuscript, probably compiled in the 1410s, is thought to have lost an original first sestern early in its history, as the folio numbers start at 13. Because the table of contents matches the order of pieces in the manuscript and starts with the present first item and at fol. 13, it has been assumed that it post-dates the sestern's loss. But the folio numbers were added to that table not by its original hand, but by a later (Italian) one, and that same hand wrote the foliation for the manuscript; table and foliation were therefore almost certainly provided in the same operation. If the table of contents waspost factum, why is its foliation in a hand different from the incipits? This article argues that the table of contents was in fact prescriptive, drawn up by a different (French) person before the contents were copied, and that the foliation was added both to the index and the body of the manuscript after copying, allowing for a new planned gathering to be added at the beginning, perhaps including the two Cordier rondeaux. This was never completed; what we have is what there was, and nothing was lost. This hypothesis raises further questions about the codicological and chronological relation of the Cordier songs to the index, to that planned gathering, and to the early history of the manuscript, questions to which provisional answers are suggested.
Core-Shell Structure of Intermediate Precipitates in a Nb-Based Z-Phase Strengthened 12% Cr Steel
Authors: Rashidi Masoud , Andrén Hans-Olof , Liu Fang
Published: March 2017

In creep resistant Z-phase strengthened 12% Cr steels, MX (M=Nb, Ta, or V, and X=C and/or N) to Z-phase (CrMN, M=Ta, Nb, or V) transformation plays an important role in achieving a fine distribution of Z-phase precipitates for creep strengthening. Atom probe tomography was employed to investigate the phase transformation in a Nb-based Z-phase strengthened trial steel. Using iso-concentration surfaces with different concentration values, and subtracting the matrix contribution enabled us to reveal the core-shell structure of the transient precipitates between MX and Z-phase. It was shown that Z-phase forms by diffusion of Cr into NbN upon ageing, and Z-phase has a composition corresponding to Cr1+xNb1−xN withx=0.08.
THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORIAN AS CRITIC: REFLECTIONS ON THE WORK OF STEFAN COLLINI
Authors: CUTTICA CESARE
Published: March 2017

This article examines the work of the intellectual historian and critic Stefan Collini (1947–). It illustrates his methodological approach to the study of history; traces the unexpected similarities between his intellectual practice and that of cultural critics as diverse as Matthew Arnold and William Empson; points to the differences in content and vision informing his manifold scholarly pursuits and those of other intellectual historians (e.g. Skinner) as well as critics (e.g. Mulhern and Eagleton); and levels some criticism at his writings. Specific attention is given to the centrality of cadence, congeniality, irony and sympathy, as well as to the function of the intellectual portrait in his narrative. The article's main claim is that Collini's history writing is better understood as the embodiment of the activity of the intellectual historian as critic. Situated within a broad range of different historical and critical practices, Collini's own practice is thoroughly analyzed both for its intrinsic value and for providing an original picture of the activity generally referred to as “intellectual history.”
Resolving the Disk-Halo Degeneracy: A look at M74
Authors: Aniyan S. , Freeman K. C. , Arnaboldi M. , Gerhard O. , Coccato L. , Kuijken K. , Merrifield M.
Published: March 2017

The decomposition of the 21 cm rotation curve of galaxies into contribution from the disk and dark halo depends on the adopted mass to light ratio (M/L) of the disk. Given the vertical velocity dispersion (σz) of stars in the disk and its scale height (h), the disk surface density and hence the M/L can be estimated. Earlier works have used this technique to conclude that galaxy disks are submaximal. Here we address an important conceptual problem: σz and h must pertain to the same population. Our analysis concludes that previous studies underestimate the disk surface mass density by ~ 2, sufficient to make a maximal disk for M74 appear like a submaximal disk.
Circumgalactic gas absorption in extremely metal-poor dwarf dalaxies
Authors: Filho M. E. , Almeida J. Sánchez , Tuñón C. Muñoz
Published: March 2017

Accretion of metal-poor gas via cold accretion flows has been recently proposed as a means to trigger/sustain star formation in extremely metal-poor dwarf galaxies (XMPs), a scenario in agreement with theoretical predictions. We report on the tentative detection of CaII absorption used to trace the conditions of the gas clouds in the halo of the XMP UGCA 20.
Resolved stellar populations in dSphs. What can they tell us about galaxy evolution?
Authors: Pino Andréz del , Łokas Ewa L. , Hidalgo Sebasian L. , Fouquet Sylvain
Published: March 2017

We present a comprehensive photometric study of the Fornax and the Andromeda II dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. It is based on the up-to-date deepest photometric data for both galaxies. We have derived their detailed star formation histories (SFHs) as a function of galactocentric radius. This allowed us to analyze in detail the spatial distribution of their different stellar populations.
Star formation history of the galaxy merger Mrk848 with SDSS-IV MaNGA
Authors: Yuan Fang-Ting , Shen Shiyin , Hao Lei , Fernandez Maria Argudo
Published: March 2017

With the 3D data of SDSS-IV MaNGA (Bundy et al. 2015) spectra and multi-wavelength SED modeling, we expect to have a better understanding of the distribution of dust, gas and star formation of galaxy mergers. For a case study of the merging galaxy Mrk848, we use both UV-to-IR broadband SED and the MaNGA integral field spectroscopy to obtain its star formation histories at the tail and core regions. From the SED fitting and full spectral fitting, we find that the star formation in the tail regions are affected by the interaction earlier than the core regions. The core regions show apparently two times of star formation and a strong burst within 500Myr, indicating the recent star formation is triggered by the interaction. The star formation histories derived from these two methods are basically consistent.
Investigating environmental trends in the outer visible edges of dwarf irregular galaxies
Authors: Dunn Jacqueline M.
Published: March 2017

The star formation histories and evolution of 28 dwarf irregular galaxies (dIs) that reside in differing local and global environments are investigated. The shallow gravitational potentials of dwarf galaxies make these objects highly susceptible to changes in morphology or dynamics by external perturbations. Additionally, the lack of more complicated structures such as spiral arms makes environmental effects more easily discernible. Therefore, dIs are ideal candidates for a study of the role of environment in galaxy evolution. The local environment is defined by the local galaxy number density, where high indicates at least one neighbor within 200 kpc and low indicates no neighbors within 1 Mpc. The global environment is classified as either the field or a galaxy group / cluster.

Absolute magnitudes, colors, central surface brightnesses, star formation rates and color profiles were compared using photometry from UBVR and Hα imaging. While some environmental trends are noted (galaxies in local high density environments have brighter central and effective surface brightnesses, while those in global high density environments have brighter absolute magnitudes, central and effective surface brightnesses, and higher star formation rates), no systematic environmental trends are seen in the shape of the color profiles or spatial distribution of recent star formation. A lack of environmental trend in star formation and galaxy color indicates that either internal processes dominate the formation and subsequent evolution of the outskirts of dIs, or there is no systematic environmental effect on such. The appearance of environmental effects should be more noticeable at the outermost edges of these systems. The lack of a trend in such implies that the exact nature of the environmental influence varies greatly depending on the exact nature of the interaction occurring.
Not even wrong: A philosophical, historical and ultimately a scientific inquiry into the Schmidt Law
Authors: Madore Barry F. , Carlson Erika K.
Published: March 2017

We introduce a novel approach to interpreting the well-known spatial correlation of gas densities with on-going star formation. Treated as a closed-loop process involving two physically distinct phases the data can be subdivided into regions that are active and those that are quiescent. The active regions can be distinguished by the presence of high-mass, short-lived, but recently-formed OB stars; the quiescent regions are marked by an absence of these stars and they are considered to be recovering from the last star-formation event and are re-collapsing. The relative (areal) frequencies of those two phases are directly proportional to the relative timescales. For four Local Group galaxies, NGC 6822, the Large & Small Magellanic Clouds, and M33, the cloud assembly/collapse timescales are all found to be monotonically decreasing power-law functions of density, with as yet to be explained differences.
What can the occult do for you?
Authors: Holwerda B. W. , Keel W. C.
Published: March 2017

Interstellar dust is still a dominant uncertainty in Astronomy, limiting precision in e.g., cosmological distance estimates and models of how light is re-processed within a galaxy. When a foreground galaxy serendipitously overlaps a more distant one, the latter backlights the dusty structures in the nearer foreground galaxy.

Such an overlapping or occulting galaxy pair can be used to measure the distribution of dust in the closest galaxy with great accuracy. The STARSMOG program uses Hubble to map the distribution of dust in foreground galaxies in fine (<100 pc) detail. Integral Field Unit (IFU) observations will map the effective extinction curve, disentangling the role of fine-scale geometry and grain composition on the path of light through a galaxy.

The overlapping galaxy technique promises to deliver a clear understanding of the dust in galaxies: geometry, a probability function of dimming as a function of galaxy mass and radius, and its dependence on wavelength.
What do galaxies look like beyond 31 mag/arcsec2?
Authors: Cebrián María , Trujillo Ignacio , Fliri Juergen
Published: March 2017

Detection of optical surface brightness structures with magnitudes fainter than 30 mag/arcsec2 has remained elusive in current photometric deep surveys. We are conducting a new imaging strategy to cross that frontier and address the study of outskirts of galaxies and theories of galaxy formation.
The halo-to-stellar mass ratio in the S4G
Authors: Díaz-García Simón , Salo Heikki , Laurikainen Eija
Published: March 2017

We use 3.6 μm photometry for 1154 disk galaxies (i < 65°) in the S4G (Sheth et al. 2010). We obtain the average stellar component of the circular velocity (Vdisk) and the mean (dark matter) halo-to-stellar mass ratio (Mhalo/M*) inside the optical radius (Ropt) in bins of total stellar mass (M*, from Muñoz-Mateos et al. 2015), providing observational constraints for galaxy formation models to be tested against. We find the Mhalo/M* − M* relation in good agreement with the best-fit model at z ≈ 0 in ΛCDM cosmological simulations (e.g. Moster 2010), assuming that the dark matter halo within Ropt comprises a constant fraction (~ 4%) of its total mass.
The SFR Efficiency of HI Gas in the Outskirts of Star Forming Galaxies
Authors: Rafelski Marc
Published: March 2017

In order to understand the origin of the decreased star formation rate (SFR) efficiency of neutral atomic hydrogen gas measured in Damped Lyα Systems (DLAs) at z ~ 3, we measure the SFR efficiency of atomic gas at z ~ 1, z ~ 2, and z ~ 3 around star-forming galaxies. We create galaxy stacks in these three redshift bins, and measure the SFR efficiency by combining DLA absorber statistics with the observed rest-frame UV emission in the galaxies’ outskirts. We find that the SFR efficiency of Hi gas is ~ 3% of that predicted by the KS relation. We find no significant evolution in the SFR efficiency with redshift, although simulations and models predict a decreasing SFR efficiency with decreasing metallicity and thus with increasing redshift. We discuss possible explanations for this decreased efficiency without an evolution with redshift.
DAGAL: Detailed Anatomy of Galaxies
Authors: Knapen Johan H.
Published: March 2017

The current IAU Symposium is closely connected to the EU-funded network DAGAL (Detailed Anatomy of Galaxies), with the final annual network meeting of DAGAL being at the core of this international symposium. In this short paper, we give an overview of DAGAL, its training activities, and some of the scientific advances that have been made under its umbrella.
Probing the Baryon Cycle in Galaxy Outskirts
Authors: Davé Romeel
Published: March 2017

Galaxies are born and grow within a cosmic ecosystem, in which they receive material from surrounding intergalactic gas via gravitationally-driven inflows and expel material via powerful galactic outflows. These processes, collectively referred to as the baryon cycle, are increasingly believed to govern galaxy growth over cosmic time. I discuss new insights on the baryon cycle using analytic models and hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy evolution, particularly emphasizing how galaxy outskirts are the prime locale within which to observe these processes in action by examining observational tracers such as rest-ultraviolet absorption lines and the neutral and molecular gas content of galaxies.
Antitruncations
Authors: Beckman John , Borlaff Alejandro , Eliche-Moral M. Carmen , Font Joan , Erwin Peter
Published: March 2017

Since 1970 surface brightness profiles of disc galaxies were classified as Type-I, single falling exponentials, or Type-II, broken exponentials with steeper decline in the outskirts. For the past decade Type-III profiles, (antitruncations), with a shallower fall-off in the outskirts, have been shown to occur in a significant fraction of galaxy discs. Here we give a brief overview, characterizing these profiles and their distribution with galaxy type, with a look at recent explanations of their causes, and how they fit into the picture of galaxy evolution.
The evolution of S0s with UV bright rings A SWIFT-UVOT study
Authors: Rampazzo R. , Mazzei P. , Marino A. , Trinchieri G. , Uslenghi M. , Wolter A.
Published: March 2017

We report about an ongoing study of the evolution of 24 S0s with UV-bright ring/arm-like structures observed with SWIFT-UVOT and interpreted via SPH simulations with chemo-photometric implementation.
Dynamical modelling of galactic disc outskirts
Authors: Athanassoula E.
Published: March 2017

I review briefly some dynamical models of structures in the outer parts of disc galaxies, including models of polar rings, tidal tails and bridges. I then discuss the density distribution in the outer parts of discs. For this, I compare observations to results of a model in which the disc galaxy is in fact the remnant of a major merger, and find good agreement. This comparison includes radial profiles of the projected surface density and of stellar age, as well as time evolution of the break radius and of the inner and outer disc scale lengths. I also compare the radial projected surface density profiles of dynamically motivated mono-age populations and find that, compared to older populations, younger ones have flatter density profiles in the inner region and steeper in the outer one. The break radius, however, does not vary with stellar age, again in good agreement with observations.
Stripping of satellites on prograde and retrograde orbits
Authors: Gajda Grzegorz , Łokas Ewa L.
Published: March 2017

We derived a revised expression for the tidal radius, which is a theoretical boundary of a satellite orbiting a host. Our expression properly takes into account possible rotation of the satellite. We verified our predictions against simulations and obtained satisfactory agreement.
The atomic gas in outer disks in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation
Authors: Fu Jian , Luo Yu
Published: March 2017

We use semi-analytic models of galaxy formation L-Galaxies based on ΛCDM cosmology to study the HI gas component in galaxy outskirts. We adopt the radially-resolved version of the models by Fu et al. (2013), which includes both atomic and molecular gas component in interstellar medium. This model has been recently updated by Luo et al. (2016) to include cold gas stripping in the outer disk regions of the satellite galaxies by ram pressure. In our models, we can perfectly reproduce the HI size-mass relation, which is discovered by Broeils & Rhee (1997) and confirmed by many subsequent observations. In our model, the reason for such tight correlation between HI size and mass is atomic-molecular phase conversion in high gas surface density regions while HI ionization in low gas surface density region, which leads to very narrow distribution of HI mean surface density. The models also reproduce the universal exponential HI radial profiles in galaxy outskirts found by Bluedisk (Wang et al. 2013), which arises from cold gas accretion onto the galaxy disks in exponentially profiles.
Gravitationally Lensed CO and Dust at High Redshift: New LMT/GTM Images and Spectra of Sub-Millimeter Galaxies
Authors: Lowenthal J. D. , Harrington K. , Berman D. , Yun M. , Cybulski R. , Wilson G. W. , Aretxaga I. , Chavez M. , De la Luz V. , Erickson N. , Ferrusca D. , Gallup A. , Hughes D. , Montaña A. , Narayanan G. , Sánchez-Argüelles D. , Schloerb F. P. , Souccar K. , Terlevich E. , Terlevich R. , Zeballos M. , Zavala J. A.
Published: March 2017

We have assembled a new sample of some of the most FIR-luminous galaxies in the Universe and have imaged them in 1.1 mm dust emission and measured their redshifts 1 < z < 4 via CO emission lines using the 32-m Large Millimeter Telescope / Gran Telescopio Milimétrico (LMT/GTM). Our sample of 31 submm galaxies (SMGs), culled from the Planck and Herschel all-sky surveys, includes 14 of the 21 most luminous galaxies known, with LFIR > 1014L⊙ and SFR > 104M⊙/yr. These extreme inferred luminosities – and multiple / extended 1.1 mm images – imply that most or all are strongly gravitationally lensed, with typical magnification μ ~ 10 × . The gravitational lensing provides two significant benefits: (1) it boosts the S/N, and (2) it allows investigation of star formation and gas processes on sub-kpc scales.
Halo K-Giant Stars from LAMOST: Kinematics and Galactic Mass Estimate
Authors: Bird Sarah A.
Published: March 2017

We analyze line-of-sight velocities of over 3000 halo K-giant stars from the second data release of the spectral survey LAMOST (Zhao et al. 2012). We find a nearly constant velocity dispersion profile, with no large dips or peaks, in a Galactocentric radial range of 10–30 kpc, in accord with earlier analyses (Battaglia et al. 2005, 2006; Xue et al. 2008, 2014) (see Fig. 1). Previous studies of halo star radial velocity dispersions in a reference frame centered on the Galactic Center have detected dips within this radial range (Sommer-Larsen et al. 1994; Kafle et al. 2012, 2014). We use the stars to make estimates of the enclosed mass out to 40 kpc from the Galactic Center using the method of Evans et al. (2011). Tens of thousands of such stars are expected to become available to this analysis by the end of the five-year survey.
Understanding biases when fitting disk truncations
Authors: Cardiel Nicolás , Marino Raffaella A. , Pascual Sergio , Ceballos M. Teresa , de Paz Armando Gil , Sánchez Sebastián F.
Published: March 2017

Truncations in the stellar population at the edges of disk galaxies are thought to be a common morphological feature (e.g., Erwin et al. 2005; and more recently Marino et al. 2016). In fact, using imaging data from the SDSS, Pohlen & Trujillo (2006) showed that only ~ 10% of face-on to intermediate inclined, nearby, late-type (Sb-Sdm) spiral galaxies have a normal/standard purely exponential disk down to the noise limit. In situations like these, the simultaneous fit of two lines, joined or not at an intermediate point (the break radius), constitutes a natural step towards the modelling of radial variation in surface brightness, metallicity, or any other relevant parameter. This work shows the results of simple simulations in which the simultaneous fit to two joined lines is compared to the simultaneous fit of two independent lines (i.e., two lines that do not necessarily coincide at an intermediate point), and also to the traditional single ordinary least squares fit. These simulations reveal some biases that should be taken into account when facing these kind of fitting procedures.
A VLT/FORS2 spectroscopic survey of individual stars in a transforming dwarf galaxy
Authors: Battaglia G. , Kacharov N. , Rejkuba M.
Published: March 2017

Understanding the properties of dwarf galaxies is important not only to put them in their proper cosmological context, but also to understand the formation and evolution of the most common type of galaxies. Dwarf galaxies are divided into two main classes, dwarf irregulars (dIrrs) and dwarf spheroidals (dSphs), which differ from each other mainly because the former are gas-rich objects currently forming stars, while the latter are gas-deficient with no on-going star formation. Transition types (dT) are thought to represent dIs in the process of losing their gas, and can therefore shed light into the possible process of dwarf irregulars (dIrrs) becoming gas-deficient, passively evolving galaxies. Here we present preliminary results from our wide-area VLT/FORS2 MXU spectroscopic survey of the Phoenix dT, from which we obtained line-of-sight velocities and metallicities from the nIR Ca II triplet lines for a large sample of individual Red Giant Branch stars.
HI in the outskirts of Nearby Spirals
Authors: Brinks Elias , Portas António
Published: March 2017

We analyse nine galaxies taken from the THINGS survey to investigate the H I extent of spiral galaxy disks. We exploit the high spatial and velocity resolution, and the sensitivity of THINGS to investigate where the atomic gas disks end and what might shape their outskirts. We find that the atomic gas surface density across most of the disk is constant at 5 to 10 M⊙ pc−2 and declines at large radius. The shape of the H I distribution can be described by a Sérsic–type function with a slope index n = 0.18 – 0.36. The H I column density at which radial profiles turn over is found to be at too high a level for it to be caused by ionisation by a meta–galactic UV field. Instead we suggest the H I extent is rather set by how galaxy disks form.
Neutral Gas Outside the Disks of Local Group Galaxies
Authors: Lockman Felix J.
Published: March 2017

Of the three kinds of neutral gas found outside the stellar disks of Local Group galaxies, only the products of interaction, like the Magellanic Stream, have a clearly understandable origin. Both the high-velocity clouds and the faint H I between M31 and M33 remain a mystery. New observations of the region between M31 and M33 with the Green Bank Telescope show that the H I there resides in clouds with a size and mass similar to that of dwarf galaxies, but without stars. These clouds might be products of an interaction, or condensations in the hot circumgalactic medium of M31, but both these models have difficulties. The prevalence of clouds like this in the Local Group remains to be determined.
Multilateral Study of the Andromeda Giant Stream: Implications for the progenitor, its MBH, and the M31 halo
Authors: Kirihara Takanobu , Miki Yohei , Mori Masao , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Rich R. Michael
Published: March 2017

In a series of papers, we have performed N-body simulations of a galaxy collision to reproduce the observed shape, kinematics, and metallicity distribution of a giant stellar stream and shell-like structures in the halo of Andromeda galaxy (M31).
z ~ 6 metal-line absorbers as a probe of galactic feedback models
Authors: Keating Laura C. , Puchwein Ewald , Haehnelt Martin G. , Bird Simeon , Bolton James S.
Published: March 2017

Observations of metal absorption lines in the spectra of QSOs out to z > 6 are providing an important probe into the enrichment and ionization state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at the tail end of reionization. Using simulations with four different feedback models, including the Illustris and Sherwood simulations, we investigate how the overall incidence rate and equivalent width distribution of metal-line absorbers varies with the galactic wind scheme. The low-ionization absorbers are reasonably insensitive to the feedback implementation, with all models reasonably close to the observed incidence rate of O i absorbers. However, all of our models struggle to reproduce the observations of C iv, which is probing overdensities close to the mean at z ~ 6, suggesting that the metals are not being transported out into the IGM efficiently enough in these simulations.