bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What impact did the COVID-19 pandemic have on the variability of fentanyl concentrations in the Vancouver, Canada illicit drug supply? An interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Tobias Samuel , Grant Cameron J , Laing Richard , Lysyshyn Mark , Buxton Jane A , Tupper Kenneth W , Wood Evan , Ti Lianping
Published: October 2023

Background

Increases in fatal overdoses were observed coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic across the USA and Canada. Hypothesised explanations include pandemic-attributable healthcare service disruption, social isolation and illicit drug market disruption. Using data from a community drug checking service, this study sought to evaluate how COVID-19 pandemic measures affected the variability in fentanyl concentrations within the local illicit drug market.

Methods

Using a validated quantification model for fentanyl, Fourier-transform infrared spectra from fentanyl-positive drug checking samples in Vancouver, Canada were analysed to determine fentanyl concentration. An interrupted time-series analysis using an ordinary least squares model with autoregressive adjusted SEs was conducted to measure how the variance in monthly fentanyl concentrations changed following the declaration of the COVID-19 public health emergency in March 2020.

Results

Over the study period, 4713 fentanyl-positive samples were available for analysis. Monthly variance of fentanyl concentrations ranged from 7.9% in December 2017 to 159.2% in September 2020. An interrupted time-series analysis of variance in fentanyl concentrations increased significantly following the declaration of the COVID-19 public health emergency, with an immediate level change of 26.1 (95% CI 7.2 to 45.0, p=0.011) and a slope change of 15.8 (95% CI 10.2 to 21.4, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Though community drug checking samples may not be generalisable to the wider illicit drug market, our study found that variance in fentanyl concentrations increased significantly following the declaration of the COVID-19 public health emergency. While it remains unclear whether the observed increase in the variability of fentanyl concentration in illicit opioids was a direct result of COVID-19 and related measures, the volatility of fentanyl concentrations is likely to have posed significant risk to people who used drugs in this setting.
Nuclear viscosity estimated by dynamics of neck formation in the early stage of nuclear collision
Authors: Amano Shota , Aritomo Yoshihiro , Ohta Masahisa
Published: October 2023

The very early stage of the coalescence of two nuclei is studied and used to estimate the nuclear viscosity. The time evolution of the neck region has been simulated by the unified Langevin equation method, which is used in the analysis of heavy-ion collisions from the approaching stage to the fusion-fission stage. It is found that the transition from viscous to inertial coalescence that appeared in the neck growth of macroscopic drops can also be seen in the present simulation in nucleus–nucleus collisions. The dynamics of neck growth is analyzed in terms of the hydrodynamical formula and the viscosity coefficient of nuclear matter is estimated using the analogy of macroscopic drops.
Mechanistic Study of Hydroxide Ion Consumption in Ultralean PVA Hydrogel Electrolytes for High-Energy-Density Micro Zinc-Air Batteries
Authors: Huang Yanghang , Zhang Jingwen , Yang Qi , Venkatesh Vishal , Pikul James H. , Allen Mark G. , Allen Sue Ann Bidstrup
Published: October 2023

Micro zinc-air batteries (micro-ZABs) are a promising power source for miniature devices, attracting great attention due to their high energy density, biodegradability, and safety. Operating ZABs in an ultralean, minimum volume electrolyte regime is a productive approach to maximize energy density. However, an ultralean electrolyte ZAB is more susceptible to unfavorable reactions than one containing a larger amount of electrolyte. In particular, side reactions that result in hydroxide ion (OH−) consumption significantly hinder the electrochemical performance of the micro-ZAB. The mechanisms of such side reactions are studied through titrations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results demonstrate that both carbonation and zincate accumulation contribute to the consumption of OH− in ultralean alkaline hydrogel electrolytes and can significantly impact electrochemical performance. Under the conditions studied, for an alkaline polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel electrolyte, the average consumption rate of OH− due to carbonation is measured to be 5.22

×

10−7 mol min−1 cm−2. A diffusion-reaction model is developed to understand the carbonation process. Adopting parameters from the literature on aqueous systems, the model shows good agreement with experimental results, suggesting that the carbonation process of PVA alkaline hydrogel electrolytes is similar to that of alkaline aqueous electrolytes. The electrochemical performance of the micro-ZAB is modeled based on the consumption rates of the OH− and is shown to be in good agreement with experimental data.
Electrochemical Behavior of Chromium Difluoride in Molten Lithium and Beryllium Fluoride Mixtures
Authors: Arkhipov Stepan P. , Zaikov Yury P. , Arkhipov Pavel A. , Mullabaev Albert R.
Published: October 2023

The interaction between CrF2 and a molten binary LiF-BeF2 mixture has been studied using the electrochemical methods. The polarization of the chromium electrode relative to the dynamic beryllium electrode was measured. The obtained voltammetry data elucidates that under the experimental conditions, chromium is observed exclusively in one valence form. According to the cathode polarization dependences, it is established that the reduction of chromium ions in the metal occurs by a two-electron electrode reaction. The equilibrium concentrations of chromium were experimentally measured at the temperatures of 923, 973, and 1023 K at different chromium fluoride concentrations in the melt. The oxidation degree of chromium, dissolved in the melt, was calculated according to the concentration dependences of the equilibrium potentials. A thermodynamic analysis of the chromium difluoride dissolution in a molten mixture of lithium and beryllium fluorides was performed. The formation of dilute solutions of chromium difluoride is accompanied by slight deviations of the salt system from Raoult’s laws.
Studies on Preparation of Thorium-Based Intermetallics in CaCl2 Melt by Electrochemical De-Oxidation Process
Authors: Mukherjee Anwesha , Khan Mohd. Sufiyan , Kumaresan R.
Published: October 2023

Thorium and its alloys find immense applications in nuclear technology. In the present study, the feasibility of direct electrochemical de-oxidation of mixed ThO2-NiO (7:3 molar ratio) and ThO2-Fe2O3 (7:1.5 molar ratio) to Th7Ni3 and Th7Fe3 intermetallics was investigated for the first time in CaCl2 melt at 900 °C using FFC Cambridge process. Electro-reduction mechanisms of the mixed metal oxides were elucidated by conducting constant voltage electrolysis at 3.1 V cell potential with sintered mixed metal oxides pellet cathode and HD graphite anode in molten CaCl2 for different time intervals. The electrolysed products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis techniques. Reduction of the less stable metal oxide, e.g., NiO or Fe2O3, occurred at the initial phase of electrolysis, and de-oxidation of more stable ThO2 took place in presence of newly formed metallic Ni or Fe in the later stage, leading to the formation of Th7Ni3 or Th7Fe3. Electro-reduction mechanism of ThO2 was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry technique with ThO2 filled Mo cavity electrode, and a single-step reduction of ThO2 to Th was perceived.
Graham Hoyle (1923–1985): exploring the depths of muscle diversity
Authors: Medler Scott
Published: October 2023

Graham Hoyle was an important neuroscientist, muscle biologist, and zoologist throughout much of the second half of the twentieth century. He was trained by Bernard Katz at University College London and later worked with C.A.G. Wiersma at Caltech. As a professor at the University of Oregon, Hoyle helped found the Institute of Neuroscience and trained many prominent scientists in the fields of neuromuscular biology and neuroethology.
Reactive Granulomatous Dermatitis in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Tolson Hannah C. , McCune Mariana , Yousif Miranda , DiCaudo David , Dupuy Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Reactive granulomatous dermatitis (RGD) is an umbrella term to describe a reaction pattern characterized by skin-colored to erythematous papules, plaques, and nodules although other morphologies have been described. RGD has rarely been reported in children, and in this report, we present the case of a 3-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who presented with firm, tender nodules, and ulcerated plaques on her extremities. Histopathologic examination showed foci of dense granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates composed of histiocytes, neutrophils, and multinucleate giant cells. The constellation of clinical symptoms, negative infectious workup, and histopathology support the diagnosis of RGD.
Protective Role of AMPK against PINK1B9 Flies’ Neurodegeneration with Improved Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Xiang Guoliang , Wen Xueyi , Wang Wenjing , Peng Tianchan , Wang Jiazhen , Li Qinghua , Teng Junfang , Cui Ying
Published: October 2023

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)’s effect in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) mutant Parkinson’s disease (PD) transgenic flies and the related mechanism is seldom studied. The classic MHC-Gal4/UAS PD transgenic flies was utilized to generate the disease characteristics specifically expressed in flies’ muscles, and Western blot (WB) was used to measure the expression of the activated form of AMPK to investigate whether activated AMPK alters in PINK1B9 PD flies. MHC-Gal4 was used to drive AMPK overexpression in PINK1B9 flies to demonstrate the crucial role of AMPK in PD pathogenesis. The abnormal wing posture and climbing ability of PINK1B9 PD transgenic flies were recorded. Mitochondrial morphology via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ATP and NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 (NDUFS3) protein levels were tested to evaluate the alteration of the mitochondrial function in PINK1B9 PD flies. Phosphorylated AMPKα dropped significantly in PINK1B9 flies compared to controls, and AMPK overexpression rescued PINKB9 flies’ abnormal wing posture rate. The elevated dopaminergic neuron number in PPL1 via immunofluorescent staining was observed. Mitochondrial dysfunction in PINK1B9 flies has been ameliorated with increased ATP level, restored mitochondrial morphology in muscle, and increased NDUFS3 protein expression. Conclusively, AMPK overexpression could partially rescue the PD flies via improving PINK1B9 flies’ mitochondrial function.
Clouston Syndrome: Report of a Jordanian Family with GJB6 Gene Mutation
Authors: Murshidi Rand , Al-lala Heba
Published: October 2023

Ectodermal dysplasias (ED) encompass a collection of conditions wherein the development of two or more structures derived from the ectoderm exhibits abnormal patterns. One example of such a rarity within the spectrum of ectodermal dysplasias is hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, also known as Clouston syndrome. This particular variant is distinguished by a triad of clinical characteristics, which encompass partial-to-complete alopecia, nail dystrophy, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. It stands as a scarcely encountered autosomal-dominant inherited disorder, resulting from a mutation in the GJB6 gene that encodes the gap junction protein connexin 30. We hereby document the case of a forty-five-year-old Jordanian woman who presented with alopecia affecting the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, in addition to nail dystrophy. Interestingly, she did not manifest palmoplantar keratoderma. It is worth mentioning that several members of her extended family also manifested similar clinical features. Subsequent genetic testing conclusively established the diagnosis of Clouston syndrome. In light of this diagnosis, comprehensive counseling was extended to the patient.
Evaluation of Provincial Economic Resilience in China Based on the TOPSIS-XGBoost-SHAP Model
Authors: Wu Zhan
Published: October 2023

The aim of this research is to propose a framework for measuring and analysing China’s economic resilience based on the XGBoost machine learning algorithm, using Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm, extreme gradient-boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, and TOPSIS method to measure China’s economic resilience from 2007 to 2021. The nonlinear effects of its key drivers are also analysed in conjunction with the SHAP explainable model to explore the path of China’s economic resilience enhancement. The results show that the level of China’s economic resilience is improving, but the overall level is low; R&D expenditure and the number of patents granted are important factors affecting China’s economic resilience with a significant positive relationship. The BO-XGBoost model outperforms the benchmark machine learning algorithm and can provide stable technical support and scientific decision-making basis for China’s economic resilience measurement analysis and high-quality economic development.
VCAM-1 Promotes Angiogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Trauma-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head by Regulating the Apelin/CCN2 Pathway
Authors: Shao Yiming , Sun Lei , Ma Baodong , Jin Ranran , Ban Yueyao , Li Ruibo , Wang Jianfa , Lian Hongkai , Yue Han
Published: October 2023

Trauma-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TI-ONFH) is a pathological process in which the destruction of blood vessels supplying blood to the femoral head causes the death of bone tissue cells. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) has been shown to have potent proangiogenic activity, but the role in angiogenesis of TI-ONFH is unclear. In this work, we discovered that VCAM-1 was significantly downregulated in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from patients with TI-ONFH. Subsequently, we constructed BMSCs overexpressing VCAM-1 using a lentiviral vector. VCAM-1 enhances the migration and angiogenesis of BMSCs. We further performed mRNA transcriptome sequencing to explore the mechanisms by which VCAM-1 promotes angiogenesis. Gene ontology biological process enrichment analysis demonstrated that upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to blood vessel development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs were engaged in the Apelin signaling pathway. Apelin-13 is the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor and activates this G protein-coupled receptor. Treatment with Apelin-13 activated the Apelin signaling pathway and suppressed the expression of cellular communication network factor 2 in BMSCs. Furthermore, Apelin-13 also inhibits the migration and angiogenesis of VCAM-1-BMSCs. In summary, VCAM-1 plays an important role in vascular microcirculation disorders of TI-ONFH, which provides a new direction for the molecular mechanism and treatment of TI-ONFH.
Understanding the Cross-Talk between the Ceramide Biosynthetic Pathway and Mitochondrial Function in Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders
Authors: Amarjeet  , Babu Raja , Mohapatra Abhipsa , Pancholi Bhaskaranand , Garabadu Debapriya , Sharma Anjali , Sharma Ashwani , Azad Md. A. K.
Published: October 2023

Myelin is a spiral compilation of uniformly thick membranes around the axon in an alternating fashion, and it is formed by a complicated process known as myelination. Myelin sheaths are responsible for various physiological functions such as metabolism, rapid nerve conduction, and maintaining ionic and water homeostasis in the brain. Lipid is one of the major components in the myelin, which includes cholesterol, ceramide, and their derivatives, such as galactosylceramide, sulfatide, and gangliosides. Ceramide and its derivatives are synthesised by various ceramide biosynthetic pathways such as de novo, salvage, sphingomyelinase, and recycling of exogenous ceramide. At an appropriate level, ceramide facilitates the development of the nervous system, cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis, which are responsible for normal functioning, but when the level is altered from normal, it results in mitochondrial dysfunction or cell death through autophagy and apoptosis. The ceramide level increases, especially in the mitochondria. Ceramide level increases in response to oxidative stress which is mediated by inflammatory cytokines. Due to mitochondrial dysfunction, an energy-deficient condition is created because of disruption in the electron transport chain, which results in the death of neurons and glial cells, which subsequently cause demyelination and degeneration of axon. Losing myelin while axons remain relatively intact is the characteristic feature of demyelinating diseases. The primary element of demyelinating disorder is damage, malfunction, failure, or death of mitochondria. These disturbances may occur due to direct or indirect interaction of ceramide with mitochondria. There are several risk factors for demyelination, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, trauma, obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and genetic and environmental factors. Thus, the review is mainly aimed towards the interaction between ceramide and mitochondria during demyelination.
A Case of Central Venous Catheter-Related Bacteremia Caused by Enterococcus gallinarum
Authors: Xu Ning , Zhu Lei , Xiong Liyan , Huo Jingjing , Wang Bin , Wu Xianyan , Tao Rui , Sa Qi
Published: October 2023

A chicken farmer with cirrhosis and renal failure presented with an unusual case of catheter-related bacteremia. Testing with the VITEK® 2 Compact system, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and 16S rDNA sequencing identified the pathogen as E. gallinarum. This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining a high level of contextual awareness in patients exposed to avian species to make an informed diagnosis and provide prompt treatment.
Assessment of Phenol and Antioxidant Content of Olive Varieties and Their Potential Health Benefits for Colon Health
Authors: Jarwan Baraa , Tawalbeh Jawad , Malkawi Ruba
Published: October 2023

In this study, four different olive fruit and leaf varieties collected in Jordan were assessed for quality using both chemical and biological methods. To quantify the phenol and antioxidant content in the olive fruit and leaf extracts, a validated UV method was employed. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of fruit and leaf extracts of the olive varieties were measured using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method, respectively. The researchers also conducted a biological assay against colon cells to examine the potential health benefits of the olive extracts. The results showed that the phenol content of the samples varied depending on the region they were collected from and that they contained a significant amount of antioxidants. Additionally, it was observed that the samples with higher antioxidant content had lower cell viability against colon cells. Overall, this study suggests that olive extracts may have potential health benefits for colon health and that the phenol and antioxidant content of the extracts can vary depending on the source of the olives.
Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Bloodstream Infection in a Ghanaian Patient with Unilateral Diaphragmatic Eventration and HIV Type 1 Infection
Authors: Nartey Yvonne Ayerki , Donkor Augustine Boakye , Siaw Ampem Darko Jnr , Ekor Oluwayemisi Esther , Jimah Bashiru Babatunde
Published: October 2023

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection is a critically prioritized pathogen by the World Health Organization and a cause for growing concern due to increased mortality among hospitalised patients. Phrenic nerve palsy is a rare complication of herpes zoster infection of the C3, C4, and C5 nerve roots. We present a case of bloodstream carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection in a Ghanaian patient with HIV type 1 infection and multiple risk factors, including unilateral diaphragmatic eventration with compression atelectasis likely secondary to phrenic nerve palsy due to herpes zoster infection, consequently leading to recurrent hospital and ICU admission. In this case, we emphasize the need for clinicians in LMICs to be aware of CRAB, in order to advocate for the availability of evidence-based medicines in resource-limited settings for appropriate treatment. In addition, we illustrate the importance of a high index of suspicion for infection with carbapenem-resistant organisms such as A. baumannii and highlight a rare and severe complication of herpes zoster infection in the form of phrenic nerve palsy and consequent diaphragmatic eventration.
Some Variations of
δ
-Supplemented Modules with Regard to a Hereditary Torsion Theory
Authors: Tian Jian , Ozturk Sozen Esra , Moniri Hamzekolaee Ali Reza
Published: October 2023

In present work, we describe and investigate torsion theoretic versions of

δ

-supplemented modules via a hereditary torsion theory

τ

. With this aim, first, we define

δ

τ

-small submodules. On this basis, the concepts of

δ

τ

-lifting modules,

δ

τ

-supplemented modules, and amply

δ

τ

-supplemented modules and their fundamental properties are given, respectively. Furthermore, we present

δ

τ

-semiperfect modules and give a characterization for them via (amply)

δ

τ

-supplemented modules. Even we supply binary relations between these new module classes.
Supplementary Figure 9 from Peritumoral Immune-suppressive Mechanisms Impede Intratumoral Lymphocyte Infiltration into Colorectal Cancer Liver versus Lung Metastases
Authors: Ye Jian , Guo Weihua , Wang Chongkai , Egelston Colt A. , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Shankar Geereesh , Fakih Marwan G. , Lee Peter P.
Published: October 2023

Progressive maturation of TLS in CRC primary tumor.
Supplementary Figure 8 from Peritumoral Immune-suppressive Mechanisms Impede Intratumoral Lymphocyte Infiltration into Colorectal Cancer Liver versus Lung Metastases
Authors: Ye Jian , Guo Weihua , Wang Chongkai , Egelston Colt A. , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Shankar Geereesh , Fakih Marwan G. , Lee Peter P.
Published: October 2023

Progressive maturation of TLS in CRC primary tumor.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Peritumoral Immune-suppressive Mechanisms Impede Intratumoral Lymphocyte Infiltration into Colorectal Cancer Liver versus Lung Metastases
Authors: Ye Jian , Guo Weihua , Wang Chongkai , Egelston Colt A. , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Shankar Geereesh , Fakih Marwan G. , Lee Peter P.
Published: October 2023

Distribution of myeloid cells in the cancer island, stroma and necrosis tissue within tumor core and inner invasive region.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Peritumoral Immune-suppressive Mechanisms Impede Intratumoral Lymphocyte Infiltration into Colorectal Cancer Liver versus Lung Metastases
Authors: Ye Jian , Guo Weihua , Wang Chongkai , Egelston Colt A. , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Shankar Geereesh , Fakih Marwan G. , Lee Peter P.
Published: October 2023

Characterization of immune cells in metastatic CRC TME by mIF.
Supplementary Figure 12 from Peritumoral Immune-suppressive Mechanisms Impede Intratumoral Lymphocyte Infiltration into Colorectal Cancer Liver versus Lung Metastases
Authors: Ye Jian , Guo Weihua , Wang Chongkai , Egelston Colt A. , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Shankar Geereesh , Fakih Marwan G. , Lee Peter P.
Published: October 2023

Clustered heatmap of relative expression of proteins (GeoMX DSP) per ROI from CRCmetastatic tumor specimens (5 tumors/metastatic site).
FIGURE 3 from Peritumoral Immune-suppressive Mechanisms Impede Intratumoral Lymphocyte Infiltration into Colorectal Cancer Liver versus Lung Metastases
Authors: Ye Jian , Guo Weihua , Wang Chongkai , Egelston Colt A. , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Shankar Geereesh , Fakih Marwan G. , Lee Peter P.
Published: October 2023

Distribution of myeloid cells in diverse tumor regions. A, Representative images of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer tumors stained with mIF panel 2, five images in each column were selected from the same tumor. B, Cell density (log10 cells/mm2) of myeloid cells and tumor cells in the TME in different histopathologic regions (Core, Inner, Outer, Juxta and Distal). Paired comparison of cell density between each two organs in the different histologic regions shown in bottom row. Statistical significance was determined by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Cell density (log10 cells/mm2) of PD-L1–positive cells in TME (C) and percentage of PD-L1–positive cells within indicated cell types (D) in different histopathologic regions. Paired comparison between primary and metastatic tumor sites are in Supplementary Fig. S3D and S3E.
FIGURE 2 from Peritumoral Immune-suppressive Mechanisms Impede Intratumoral Lymphocyte Infiltration into Colorectal Cancer Liver versus Lung Metastases
Authors: Ye Jian , Guo Weihua , Wang Chongkai , Egelston Colt A. , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Shankar Geereesh , Fakih Marwan G. , Lee Peter P.
Published: October 2023

Different distribution of lymphocytes in diverse tumor regions. A, Representative images of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer tumors stained with mIF panel 1, five images in each column were selected from the same tumor. B, Cell density (log10 cells/mm2) of lymphocytes in the TME in different histopathologic regions (Core, Inner, Outer, Juxta and Distal). Paired comparison of lymphocyte density between each two organs in the different histologic regions shown in bottom row. Statistical significance was determined by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Percentage of Foxp3+ Tregs within CD4 T cells (C), cell density (log10 cells/mm2) of PD-1–positive lymphocytes in TME (D), and percentage of PD-1–positive cells within indicated lymphocytes (E) in different histopathologic regions. Paired comparison between primary and metastatic tumor sites are in Supplementary Fig. S3A–S3C.
The Memory Alteration Test Is Correlated with Clinical, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Imaging Markers of Alzheimer Disease in Lima, Peru
Authors: Custodio Nilton , Malaga Marco , Montesinos Rosa , Chambergo-Michilot Diego , Baca Fiorella , Carbajal Juan Carlos , Huilca Jose Carlos , Herrera-Perez Eder , Lira David , Diaz Monica M. , Lanata Serggio
Published: October 2023

Introduction: As disease-modifying therapies become available for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), detection of AD in early stages of illness (mild cognitive impairment [MCI], early dementia) becomes increasingly important. Biomarkers for AD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are costly and not widely available; hence, it is important to identify cognitive tests that correlate well with AD biomarker status. In this study, we evaluated the memory alteration test (M@T) to detect biomarker-proven AD and quantify its correlation with neurodegeneration and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in a cohort of participants from Lima, Peru. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a cohort of 185 participants: 63 controls, 53 with amnestic MCI (aMCI), and 69 with dementia due to AD. Participants underwent testing with M@T and a gold standard neuropsychological battery. We measured total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and beta-amyloid (β-amyloid) in CSF, and evaluated neurodegeneration via medial temporal atrophy score in MRI. We used receiver-operator curves to determine the discriminative capacity of the total M@T score and its subdomains. We used the Pearson coefficient to correlate M@T score and CSF biomarkers. Results: The M@T had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.994 to discriminate between controls and cognitively impaired (aMCI or AD) patients, and an AUC of 0.98 to differentiate between aMCI and AD patients. Free-recall and cued recall had the highest AUCs of all subdomains. Total score was strongly correlated with t-tau (−0.77) and p-tau (−0.72), and moderately correlated with β-amyloid (0.66). The AUC for discrimination of neurodegeneration was 0.87. Conclusion: The M@T had excellent discrimination of aMCI and dementia due to AD. It was strongly correlated with CSF biomarkers and had good discrimination of neurodegeneration. In LMICs, the M@T may be a cost-effective screening tool for aMCI and dementia caused by AD.
From National to International Collaboration in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: Hurdles and Possibilities
Authors: Golfier Francois , Seckl Michael J.
Published: October 2023

Background: Today, most women with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) can expect to be cured, particularly if they live in middle- to high-income countries with access to GTD centres. In contrast, countries lacking organized GTD care achieve lower survival rates. Objectives: The aim of the study was to review and consider some of the successes and areas for improvement in GTD care that have been achieved through national and international collaborations. Methods: The authors searched PubMed and used their own knowledge of working nationally and internationally in GTD to write this review. Conclusions: The establishment of expert centres and national systems for managing GTD is associated with the best disease outcomes. National and in particular international collaboration is most likely to result in further optimisation of management protocols and outcomes. Outlook: It remains crucial for countries lacking GTD centres to try to establish such facilities with support from national agencies and international expert societies.
Correlation of Neuroendocrine Differentiation with a Distinctively Suppressive Immune Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zou Yi , Li Dan , Yu Xiaoyan , Zhou Chenqi , Zhu Chunpeng , Yuan Ying
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) harbored significantly suppressive tumor immune microenvironments (TIMEs). However, the immunological effects of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) on non-NENs, such as gastric cancer (GC), were unknown. Methods: Between pure gastric cancer (PGC) and GC-NED, TIME features were scored based on expression data and validated on serial whole-tissue sections of surgical samples, with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and the extra-TLS zone evaluated independently using multi-marker immunohistochemical staining. Risk analyses of TIME features on tumor behaviors were performed in GC-NED. The universal immunological effects of NED were explored preliminarily in adenocarcinomas arising in other organs. Results: Based on over 11,500 annotated TLSs and 2,700 extra-TLS zones, compared with PGC, GC-NED harbored a distinctively more suppressive TIME characterized by increased but immature TLSs, with higher naïve B-cell and follicular regulatory T-cell densities and downregulated TLS maturation-related cell ratios inside TLSs; increased naïve B-cell and regulatory T-cell densities; and a high proportion of exhausted T cells in the extra-TLS zone. The upregulated tumor PD-L1 expression and its close correlations with TLS formation and maturation were remarkable exclusively in GC-NED. TIME features, especially those regarding TLSs, were significantly correlated with tumor growth and invasion. The desynchrony between TLS formation and maturation and increased naïve or regulatory immune cell infiltration was observed in adenocarcinomas of the colorectum, pancreas, lung, and prostate. Conclusion: NED highlighted a distinct GC entity with more suppressive TIME features correlated with tumor behaviors, indicating a cohort that would benefit more from immunotherapies.
Forest Therapy as a Nature-Based Intervention: An Option for Neurological Rehabilitation?
Authors: Heckmann Josef G. , Kiem Martin , Immich Gisela
Published: October 2023

Background: Forest therapy demonstrates positive effects on mood, immune system, stress levels, and general well-being. Studies on depression, stress-related illnesses, sleep disorders, and arterial hypertension have provided evidence-based proof of this. Summary: The aim of this review was to examine the possible effects of forest therapy with regard to its evidence in the treatment of chronic neurological diseases such as stroke in the rehabilitation phase, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, and multiple sclerosis. Therefore, the electronic databases Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched for such clinical trials for the years 1970 to mid-2023 without language restriction. The literature search revealed only few studies with positive indications but too few cases to be able to make generalizable evidence-based statements. In terms of improvement in the Hamilton Depression Scale analysis of two studies in stroke patients showed slight benefits in the forest therapy group (standard mean difference −0.43; 95% CI: −0.76 to −0.10; p < 0.01). One observational study revealed a higher rate of stroke survival in patients living in marked greenness. Few nature-based interventions in dementia patients showed certain benefits in particular details. Key Messages: There are no evidence-based results on the benefit of forest therapy for chronic neurological diseases. However, there are hints that forest therapy could have a positive benefit. Therefore, a proposal for forest therapy as a component of multimodal neurological rehabilitation is presented.
SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS OF NEWLY BUILT AIRPORTS IN TURKEY: A SWOT ANALYSIS FROM THE INDUCTIVE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: MACİT Armağan , DURAN Zafer
Published: October 2023

Airports make significant contributions to the country's economy through the economic and social contributions they provide to the region in which they are located. In this context, many new airport infrastructure investments have been made in Turkey in recent years, such as the large-scale Istanbul Airport, Ordu-Giresun Airport, which was built on an embankment over the sea, and Çukurova Regional Airport. This study aims to evaluate the socioeconomic effects they have created by making a SWOT analysis of the airports that have been built and are under construction in Turkey in recent years, from an inductive perspective. In line with the findings obtained for all airports built in Turkey in recent years, the effects of new airports were discussed, and suggestions were made on how the policies for airport construction, which is one of the most important aviation infrastructure investments, should continue in the future.
Two Approaches toward Convening the Sanhedrin and Resuming Semikha in the Modern Era
Authors: Atia Ronel
Published: October 2023

Before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Rabbi Aharon Mendel HaKohen indefatigably promoted a program of reconvening the Sanhedrin and resuming semikha – the historical form of rabbinical ordination that entailed “laying of hands.” Holding a rabbinical post in Cairo, he observed a diminishing status of the community rabbi, caused, he thought, by the growing Zionist idea. To restore rabbinic power, he wished to establish an association of rabbis that would serve as a Jewish authority for the election of the Sanhedrin and the resumption of semikha. By examining Rabbi Mendel’s view, along with those of other rabbis of his age, including Rabbi Mordechai HaKohen and Rabbi Eliyahu Bechor Chazan, this article provides an important perspective on a central issue of the period of the emergence and growth of Zionist ideology.
Twelve new species of Sonerila (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Thailand
Authors: WAI JAREARNSAK SAE , HU JER-MING
Published: October 2023

Twelve new species of Sonerila from Thailand are described here: S. anisophylla, S. banthatensis, S. betongensis, S. epiphytica, S. montana, S. peninsularis, S. phuhinrongklaensis, P. phuphanensis, S. reptans, S. subumbellata, S. tenasserimensis and S. tenue. Detailed descriptions, line drawings, color photos, distribution map, ecological data, phenology, DNA barcode sequences, vernacular names and conservation assessment are also provided. Although most of them are narrowly distributed and known only from Thailand, some species might be also found in neighboring countries. Conservation assessments are suggested for all new species, from which seven are assessed as Endangered (EN), two Vulnerable (VU) and three Data Deficient (DD). With the addition of the new taxa, there are now a total of 29 species of Sonerila known from Thailand.
Re-description of the genus Heterobiantes and its type species H. geniculatus (Opiliones: Laniatores: Epedanidae) with additional genital and external morphology data
Authors: TAN DESMOND KAI TECK , FONG JONATHAN J. , ZHANG CHAO
Published: October 2023

The genus Heterobiantes Roewer, 1912 and its type species Epedanus geniculatus Pocock, 1903 are redescribed based on the type specimen currently housed within the British Museum of Natural History (BMNH), London, along with new specimens captured in Hong Kong, providing updated morphological data and male genital description. Closer inspections reveal how the species is different from other similar genera within Epedaninae and rationalizes its placement as a monotypic genus within the sub-family. Genetic data are also included.
An illustrated key and new records of the Afrotropical bark beetle genus Cryphalomimus Eggers (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: JORDAL B. H.
Published: October 2023

The Afrotropical genus Cryphalomimus Eggers, 1927 is revised. New distributional records are added, showing a broad but scattered distribution of C. striatus Eggers, 1927. Internal morphological characters for this genus are described here for the first time. An illustrated identification key for the three included species is provided.
Obstacle avoidance USV in multi-static obstacle environments based on a deep reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Jiang Dengyao , Yuan Mingzhe , Xiong Junfeng , Xiao Jinchao , Duan Yong
Published: October 2023

Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are intelligent platforms for unmanned surface navigation based on artificial intelligence, motion control, environmental awareness, and other professional technologies. Obstacle avoidance is an important part of its autonomous navigation. Although the USV works in the water environment (e.g. monitoring and tracking, search and rescue scenarios), the dynamic and complex operating environment makes the traditional methods not suitable for solving the obstacle avoidance problem of the USV. In this paper, to address the issue of poor convergence of the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in an unstructured environment and wave current interference, random walk policy is proposed to deposit the pre-exploration policy of the algorithm into the experience pool to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm and thus achieve USV obstacle avoidance, which can achieve collision-free navigation from any start point to a given end point in a dynamic and complex environment without offline trajectory and track point generation. We design a pre-exploration policy for the environment and a virtual simulation environment for training and testing the algorithm and give the reward function and training method. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm is more manageable to converge than the original algorithm and can perform better in complex environments in terms of obstacle avoidance behavior, reflecting the algorithm’s feasibility and effectiveness.
Development of hygroscopic and exothermic woven textile with enhanced moisture management characteristics
Authors: Gao Shuyi , Cui Yi , Ji Feng , Zhang Ruiyun , Cheng Longdi , Yu Jianyong
Published: October 2023

Textiles are essential for providing thermal and wet comfort for people as well as aesthetic pleasure since they act as the interface between the human body and the environment. Maintaining thermal comfort is crucial for effective human body energy management in cold weather. It is essential to develop winter fabrics that effectively integrate hygroscopic heat generation and moisture management technologies to keep skin warm and dry for the wearer. In this study, we fabricated bilayer and trilayer woven fabrics with hygroscopic exothermic properties and moisture management performance based on the optimization design of gradient wettability and functional fiber materials. The air permeability, moisture management characteristics, thermal physiological properties, and hygroscopic heat generation performances of the developed fabric were investigated from the perspective of yarn composition and structure. These fabrics were demonstrated to achieve efficient water transport and durative and evenly distributed hygroscopic exothermic properties to avoid the cold moist feeling after sweat. We anticipate that the fabric strategy used in this work can provide valuable structural superiority and performance enhancement for smart thermal and wet comfort textiles.
Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: A case series
Authors: Verma Menka , Chauhan Meenakshi , Malhotra Vani , Chaudhary Sushila , Singh Parul , Mahaych Ravi
Published: October 2023

Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is a uncommon presentation of pregnancy with incidence of nearly 1 in 2000 pregnancies. We present this case series of scar pregnancy with a objective to help obstetricians in early diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent its catastrophic complications.
Regulating the Fairness of Work Contracts in the Gig Economy
Authors: Stewart Andrew , Williams Penny
Published: October 2023

The growth of the ‘gig economy’ has prompted debate about the regulation of arrangements to obtain work and income through digital labour platforms. For platform workers who are classified as freelancers or independent contractors, rather than as employees, one possibility is to invoke general laws on the fairness of contractual terms to challenge the inclusion of harsh or one-sided provisions in the contracts of adhesion typically drafted and imposed by digital platforms. To test the potential application of one such regime, in pt 2-3 of the Australian Consumer Law (‘ACL’), we systematically analyse the terms and conditions used by various platforms intermediating work performed in Australia, within and across different industry sectors. Our analysis uncovers many examples of terms that are designated in s 25 of the ACL as potentially unfair or that have been identified as potentially problematic by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (‘ACCC’). We also examine the practical difficulties confronting a worker seeking to challenge the fairness of their contract terms, against the background of recent reforms to enhance the efficacy of this regime.
MicroRNA-22-3p alleviates atherosclerosis by mediating macrophage M2 polarization as well as inhibiting NLRP3 activation
Authors: Bian Xiaoyan , Peng Haoyang , Wang Yin , Guo Hongjiang , Shi Gaofeng
Published: October 2023

Objective

MicroRNA (miR)-22-3p is expressed in atherosclerosis (AS), but its function and regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the effects of miR-22-3p in AS were assessed in this study.

Methods

MiR-22-3p expression was assessed in AS, and miR-22-3p target genes were predicted using sequencing transcriptomics. The effect of miR-22-3p agomir on atherosclerotic lesions in an AS mouse model were determined by Oil red O, Masson’s, and sirius red staining, and by anti-smooth muscle actin and macrophage antigen-3 immunostaining. Gene expression in AS was evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence.

Results

MiR-22-3p was expressed in AS and control samples (32.5% and 33.9% levels, respectively, relative to total miRNA among six highly expressed miRNAs). In the mouse model of AS, miR-22-3p agomir significantly reduced lipid deposition, proliferation of aortic collagen fibres, and macrophage content. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α levels were significantly reduced, and levels of arginase 1 and CD206 were significantly enhanced. MiR-22-3p was found to target janus kinase 1( JAK1), and significantly inhibited the activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and JAK1 in mice.

Conclusions

MiR-22-3p appears to reduce the inflammatory response in AS, which might be achieved by inducing the M2 macrophage phenotype and suppressing NLRP3 activation via JAK1.
Analysis of the Key Factors Influencing Automation Transformation in Container Terminals Based on the Dempster–Shafer Evidence Interval Method
Authors: Wang Nanxi , Yuen Kum Fai , Chang Daofang , Gao Yinping
Published: October 2023

The steady growth of container volume and aggressive shipping alliances have intensified competition among terminals. With the rapid development and application of modern information and communication technology, automation is a great way to promote terminals’ sustainable development. The objectives of this study are to analyze the key factors influencing automation transformation and provide theoretical guidelines for implementing automation transformation. Based on the literature review, the main factors influencing the automation transformation of container terminals are characterized and analyzed. They are divided into four categories: technical feasibility, external promotion, self-constraints, and goals/demand. Thereafter, a novel multi-source data fusion method, the Dempster–Shafer evidence interval method (DSIM) based on Dempster–Shafer evidence theory and interval value, is proposed to fuse conflicting and uncertain opinions among experts. This method is effective for expert opinion elicitation. Using DSIM, the key factors’ relative importance and their relationship are examined based on the opinions of experts in China. The results show that technical feasibility is the most important factor category in the foundation of automation transformation. Finally, a generalized planning framework for constructing automation transformation schemes is established, providing references and suggestions for terminals’ decision-makers.
“It Just Felt Nice to be Able to Scream”: A Qualitative Examination of the Experiences of College Students Participating in the Black Lives Matter Movement
Authors: Smith Samantha A. , Arria Amelia M. , Fryer Craig S. , Roy Kevin , Green Kerry M. , Dyer Typhanye V.
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the role of emotions within protest experiences among college students. The study sample consisted of 18 undergraduate students aged 18 to 25 who participated in 2020 Black Lives Matter movement protests. Within the sample, the majority of the participants identified as female (61.11%, n = 11) and were Black (38.89%, n = 7). In-depth interviews were conducted and subsequent data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings distinguished four themes: (1) emotions as motivators for protest participation, (2) emotional residence during protests, and (3) identity development and the way ahead. A substantial portion of the participants experienced negative emotions following the killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery, which motivated them to participate in protests. Interestingly, the majority of participants described experiencing positive emotions, including empowerment and hope while at the protest sites. The protest elements: chanting, listening to protest speakers, and being in community with others were the source of positive emotions. Most participants described protesting as a momentary emotional release. These findings demonstrate that protesting does impact student emotional well-being and is an adaptive emotion-focused coping strategy for negative feelings garnered by the sociopolitical climate.