bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Thyroid Hormones on Levels of Lipid Profile and Adipokine in Iraqi Women with Thyroid Disorders
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., A. Abd Kawther , Hussein J. AL-Qaisi Alaa ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Hairunisa Nany ,   Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta-Indonesia.
Published: September 2023

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are prevalent endocrine diseases.These have significant implications for lipid synthesis, mobilization, and metabolism. Retinol-binding protein 4 is a new adipokine implicated in some physiological and pathological processes, such as metabolic and endocrine disorders. Its elevation aids in the diagnosis of thyroid problems. The present study includes 60 women with thyroid diseases; 30 of them have hypothyroidism and 30 have hyperthyroidism. This study includes 20 healthy women as a control group. For each participant anthropometric, biochemical Thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, lipid profile, and retinol binding protein-4 are measured. The results show that hypothyroid women have significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol as compared to the hyperthyroid or control group. The serum of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are significantly lower in hyperthyroid women compared to the hypothyroid or control group. In addition, there are no significant differences in blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations among the three groups. Furthermore, serum retinolbinding protein-4 levels were higher in the hyperthyroid group compared to the hypothyroid or control groups. According to the findings of this study, hypothyroidism causes dyslipidemia, which raises the risk of cardiovascular disease while hyperthyroidism causes abnormalities in lipid profiles. Additionally, hyperthyroidism causes an increase in serum retinol-binding protein-4 levels in the blood.
Relation of MDA as Oxidative Stress Marker with Lipid Profile in a Diabetic Patient
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Al-Nahrain, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., M. Azeez Reem , K. AL-Hashemi Wisam ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Al-Nahrain, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., F. R. Al-Auqbi Tawfeeq ,   National Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq., Jebali Jamel ,   Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
Published: September 2023

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease accompanied by induced oxidative stress (OS) conditions. A reduction in antioxidant activity characterizes the OS conditions. Antioxidants protect cell components from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidation of the lipid components by ROS has the potential to generate malondialdehyde (MDA). The assessment of MDA (which is a byproduct of lipid peroxidation) may serve as a sign of oxidative damage. This can shed light on the impact of ROS on lipids. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between MDA oxidative stress biomarkers and lipids in individuals diagnosed with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The study comprises two case groups of 30 diabetic patients, 30 obese patients, and 30 healthy patients as the control group. The levels of MDA in the plasma specimens are measured. The serum glucose, serum lipid, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are evaluated for these groups. The results among patients with and without T2DM are analyzed with regard to age and BMI. The concentration of the MDA is [17.08 ± 1.989 (nmol/ml)] for diabetic patients, [16.08 ± 2.049 (nmol/ml)] for obese patients, and [12.12 ± 1.508 (nmol/ml)] for control patients. A statistically significant difference of p <0.0001 is observed in the elevated levels of MDA among T2DM patients. As compared to healthy control participants, there is no significant difference between T2DM and obese patients. It is concluded that the MDA can be utilized for observing the oxidative stress related to T2DM. The data indicate that utilising MDA could help predict the oxidative environment.
Assessment of Serum Apelin Level in Iraqi Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Patients
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Jwameer Raghad , Hussein J. Alqaisi Alaa ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq., Redwan Amamer ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bani Waleed University, Bani Waleed, Libya., Mohammed Salam ,   Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture. University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
Published: September 2023

The present study is investigated the relationship between Apelin concentration and various biochemical parameters in patients with type2 diabetic nephropathy. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with Diabetic Nephropathy at Al-Yarmouk and Al-Karama teaching hospitals were included in the study and compared to 40 healthy individuals forming the control group. The study was identified a significant increase in Apelin concentration among patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy, compared to the control group. Additionally, various biochemical parameters were analyzed, and a strong correlation was found between their concentrations and Apelin levels. Considerable elevation of serum nitrogen compounds like urea and creatinine, as well as fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were observed in the type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. A positive correlation between Apelin and both creatinine and glycated hemoglobin levels was observed. Conversely, a negative correlation was observed between Apelin and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), indicating potential implications for kidney function in these patients. These findings emphasize the significance of monitoring Apelin concentration along with other biochemical variables as essential indicators for the management and understanding of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Further research in type 2 diabetic nephropathy could offer valuable insights into potential interventions and treatment strategies for improving patient outcomes.
AutoKeras for Fake News Identification in Arabic: Leveraging Deep Learning with an Extensive Dataset
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, S. Matti Raed , A. Yousif Suhad ,   Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: September 2023

Social media and the World Wide Web have led to a worrying rise in spreading false information, which presents a significant worldwide issue. Identifying and preventing false information is crucial in promoting an informed and knowledgeable society. The identification of false information, specifically in the Arabic dialect, presents inherent difficulties due to its diverse characteristics and linguistic intricacies. This study implements AutoKeras, a deep learning-based machine learning framework. Using advanced optimization techniques, the neural network architecture search, hyperparameter adjustments, and model selection can all be automated in AutoKeras. Therefore, it is suitable for our fake news detection task. The methodology employs proficient deep learning algorithms and natural language processing methods to acquire distinct characteristics that enable accurate differentiation between genuine and fake news. The present study uses various sources, including news websites, social media platforms, and blogs, to construct the dataset. The AutoKeras-based approach is superior to multiple state-of-the-art approaches to detecting fabricated news in Arabic, as evidenced by the experimental results. The suggested method outperforms 93.2% accuracy in identifying fake news, demonstrating its superior efficacy. This demonstrates the great promise of the deep learning-based Auto model for detecting false information.
Point Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients among Different Specialties at MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital in Peshawar
Authors:   Endocrinology Division, Department of Medical Specialties, MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan, Malik Suleman Elahi , Haider Iqbal ,   Department of Medicine, MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan., Khattak Romesa Akhtar ,   Department of Medicine, MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan., Bibi Sidra ,   Department of Medicine, MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan., Naeem Hammad ,   Department of Medicine, MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan., Iqbal Marhaba ,   Department of Medicine, MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, KPK-Pakistan.
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE: The main goal of this research study was to analyze the profile and prevalence of type 2 diabetic patients admitted to the MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. METHODOLOGY: A hospital-based point prevalence cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out as a pilot project in November 2022 at MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria enrolled in the study, and a non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. RESULTS: A total of 850 patients were admitted during the study period; out of them, 24.7% had type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mean length of hospital stay was significantly high among T2DM patients (p <0.01). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences χ2(2) = 94.67, p <0.01, in the mode of admission among the T2DM patients, with fewer cases shifted from other units compared to ER and OPD. The antidiabetic regimen prescribed during the hospitalization included an oral antidiabetic regimen (36.9%), oral plus twice-daily insulin regimen (19.63%), and basal-bolus insulin (15.07%). CCU and ophthalmology ward had the highest proportion of admissions of T2DM patients (40% each). Patients were admitted for various indications; 11.0% were admitted due to diabetic foot ulcer, 9.5% for elective surgery, 9.55% had acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 9.0% had diabetic kidney disease. CONCLUSION: Patients admitted exhibited a high prevalence of T2DM. We highlighted some of the substantial characteristics of these patients attending various specialties. KEYWORDS: Point Prevalence, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Indications, Admission Rate, Treatment Regimen.
Uprising of ChatGPT and Ethical Problems
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Bang Jungbae , Park Gyunyeol
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study aims to examine ethical issues following the emergence of ChatGPT, evaluate ChatGPT with a focus on moral competence, and seek ethical solutions.
Methods: This study tries to use various literature and various media reports from the East and West dealing with the technology, operation method, and ethical issues of ChatGPT. In the detailed analysis of moral problems following the emergence of ChatGPT, the satisfaction of each element was evaluated based on moral competence, and alternatives were presented.
Result: As a result of the study, the ethical issues that can be raised following the emergence of ChatGPT include the possibility of plagiarism and copyright infringement, damage to the fairness of the test, use for criminal purposes, occurrence of social stereotypes and unfair discrimination, invasion of personal privacy and organization's Security exposure, reduced critical thinking, and loss of genuine human relationships. And as a result of evaluating the ethical issues of ChatGPT centering on moral competence, it is evaluated that moral identity, moral sensitivity, and moral practice are possible to implement, but moral judgment is evaluated to have many limitations. In order to solve these ethical problems, a utilitarian approach was proposed.
Conclusion: The most optimal decisions and actions related to the design, development, adoption, deployment, maintenance and evolution of ChatGPT should do the most good or the least harm to society. To do this, responsible AI toolkits and frameworks must have an ethical perspective built in, allowing for a balanced view of what is right and wrong. Along with this, a multi-stakeholder approach is needed to create a good AI society.
Human Life of Korean University Students
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Jo Sunggu
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The Korean wave phenomenon is closely related to university students in Korea, and university students are greatly influenced by the Korean Wave phenomenon and experience and develop positive changes and opportunities through it. The Korean Wave phenomenon is contributing to university students introducing and promoting Korean wave contents abroad, contributing to Korean language education and cultural exchange, and becoming Korea's representative soft power factor through cultural event planning and international leadership. Through these roles, university students can gain opportunities to promote Korean culture and values to the world and form an international network, which has created a need for research on the lives of Korean university students.
Method: In this study, 150 Korean university students were surveyed by convenience sampling method. A valid questionnaire was analyzed for 136 people, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program. Frequency analysis, t-test, and One Way ANOVA were used as analysis methods. According to the purpose of the analysis, differences in stress by gender, difference in organizational commitment by presence or absence of friends of the opposite sex, differences in empowerment by religious type, and differences in organizational commitment by friends of the opposite sex and dwelling type were explored.
Results: First, as a result of examining the difference in stress according to gender in Korean university students, males answered Q7(I feel the need to reduce part of my role in my team) and Q8(I feel my role is too much in my team). It was found that women experience higher levels of stress than women. Second, as a result of verifying differences in empowerment according to religious types of Korean university students, in Q8(I decide the goal of my training by myself), the result was that Christian believers experienced higher empowerment than other religions(non-religious). And as a result of examining the difference in organizational commitment according to the presence or absence of friends of the opposite sex among Korean university students, those who have friends of the opposite sex were Q1(I feel a strong sense of belonging to the team I am currently training for), Q2(I think the current team is worth putting my heart and soul into), and Q3(I look forward to life in the team more positively in the future).
Conclusion: First, Korean university students showed different role burdens and stress levels according to gender. Second, Christians tended to feel greater self-determination and control through religious values and belief systems. Third, those who have friends of the opposite sex tend to feel a strong sense of belonging and passion within the organization. Fourth, students living in university dormitory dormitories showed higher organizational commitment than students who commute to school. The university dormitory provides an environment that encourages the formation of relationships with classmates and communication with the outside world.
Human Rights Concerns on Fukushima Radioactive Wastewater Dumping Plan in Kishida Era
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Choi Jina
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The Kishida administration’s proposed Fukushima radioactive wastewater dumping plan is very controversial both domestically and internationally. This paper examines the risks and consequences of the plan with a special focus on human rights concerns. It argues that, as the Kishida administration commences the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, it should only consider approaches that are consistent with a human-centric policy that is supportive of human rights.
Method: This paper employs politics of responsibility theory to examine the Kishida administration’s proposed Fukushima radioactive wastewater dumping plan. In light of the current body of research on the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station by international scholars, scientists, and experts, it argues that the Kishida administration’s implementation of the proposed radioactive wastewater dumping plan represents a failure to govern with an eye to the politics of responsibility.
Results: This paper finds that application of the Fukushima radioactive wastewater dumping plan under the Kishida administration will induce immense political, economic, social, and environmental consequences for Japanese citizens as well as citizens in neighboring countries and beyond. The Kishida administration is presently failing to pursue policies that reinforce a human-centric policy that would be more supportive of human rights.
Conclusion: The Kishida administration must suspend the current plan to dump Fukushima’s radioactive wastewater into the Pacific Ocean and consider alternative methods that will not result in the radioactive pollution of the ocean. As it proceeds with the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, it should focus on principles of governance emphasizing the politics of responsibility and take steps to abide by relevant international legal standards and human rights norms.
Causes and Implications of Type I Myofiber Grouping in Parkinson's Disease: A Brief Scoping Review
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Park Miso Sophia , Yoo Horyong , Park Sangsoo
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the alterations in muscle fibers in Parkinson's disease(PD). The following were our review questions. (1)How has research on type I myofiber grouping in PD developed over time? (2)What kinds of muscles are affected in which patients? (3)What are some possible pathophysiology and mechanisms? Does type I myofiber grouping in PD differ from primary sarcopenia that occurs with aging? (4)What are the clinical implications and possible therapeutic approaches for type I myofiber grouping in PD?.
Method: To investigate the questions, we used combinations of keywords such as “Parkinson”, “skeletal muscle”, “myofiber type”, “fast twitch”, “slow twitch”, “myofiber grouping”, and “motor unit” in PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles on PD patients and normal elderlies that dealt with type I myofiber grouping and motor unit alterations were included. References in the included articles were also considered.
Results: Research over the past five decades has identified various motor abnormalities and myofiber alterations in PD patients, including the hypertrophy of slow-twitch type I myofibers and atrophy of fast-twitch type II myofibers across different muscles. One important finding is that Type I myofiber grouping, which is common in aging, is more severe in PD, which could be due to the selective activation of low-threshold motor units and could be also linked to abnormal alpha-synuclein aggregation, a factor associated with PD.
Conclusion: Research suggests that type I myofiber grouping in muscles, not just dopaminergic cell damage in the substantia nigra, could influence motor symptoms of PD, indicating that alternative treatments beyond dopaminergic drugs, such as high-intensity exercise, might be beneficial. However, given the limitations in these studies, such as small participant numbers and the complexity of PD pathophysiology, future research is needed to fully understand the phenomena in different PD subtypes and to develop more effective treatments.
Case Study on the Change of Body Composition and Physical Fitness of Female College Students through Six-Week Home Training
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Jeon Hyojoo , Shin Hongbum , Cheon Wookwang
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of home training(HT) and gym training(GT) on body composition and basic physical fitness in female college students.
Method: In this study, 39 female first-year physical education students enrolled in K University in D city were selected as the subjects of the home training group(HT, n=15), gym training group(GT, n=12), and control group(Con, n=12). The subjects were fully informed of the purpose of the study and gave their voluntary consent to participate in the study. Body composition was measured by Weight, Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat, Body Fat Mass, Lean Body Mass, and Skeletal Muscle Mass. Physical fitness was measured by grip strength, sit-ups, vertical jump, sitting trunk flexion, and standing on one leg with eyes closed. The exercise program consisted of a warm-up, main exercises(upper body, core, and lower body), and a cool-down, with the core exercises being the same for both programs. Data processing for this study was performed using the SPSS 27.0 statistical program to calculate the mean and standard deviation for each measure, and a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed to examine the effect of each item by group and time of measurement. If the interaction was significant, a paired samples t-test was performed, and a one-way analysis of variance was performed to analyze the difference in the mean of the dependent variable between groups at the same time point. Statistical significance was considered at p<.05 for all measures.
Results: The main effects of body composition period were significant(p<.05) for body weight, LBM, and skeletal muscle mass, with no significant group interaction. Post hoc tests of the main effect of time revealed a significant main effect for body weight, but no significant post hoc differences from pre to post for any group. The main effects of physical fitness period were significant(p<.01) for the vertical jump, grip strength(left), grip strength(right), sit-ups, and standing on one leg with eyes closed, but the group interaction was not significant for all items. Post hoc tests of the main effect of time showed that the HT group significantly(p<.05) increased from pre to post in the standing vertical jump, grip strength(left) was significantly(p<.05) lower in the GT group from pre to post, and sit-ups were significantly(p<.01) higher in the HT group from pre to post.
Conclusion: Gathering the results above, the home training group showed an increase in sit-ups and vertical jump in place from the pre- to post-training, it is possible to see some effectiveness of the training, but it is difficult to clear conclusions. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of home training.
Major Issues and Response Strategies of UNC’s Revitalization
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Park Sangjung , Cho Hongje
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study is to identify major issues related to the revitalization of the US-led UNC and to suggest an appropriate approach strategy for Republic of Korea(ROK).
Method: In this research, the history of the United Nations Command(UNC) was reviewed in accordance with the UN Security Council Resolution(UNSCR) enacted in response to the Korean War, which broke out due to North Korea's illegal and surprise invasion of the ROK. A literature review was conducted to identify major issues related to UNC’s revitalization, and the reliability of the study was increased by using the Delphi technique in a qualitative way through a group of experts.
Results: Major issues for UNC revitalization were derived as follows. 1. United States' commitment to revitalize UNC, 2. Sustainability of UNC, 3. Establishment of chain of command between UNC and Future Combined Forces Command, 4. Scope of UNC member countries and participation of ROK forces in UNC Staff, 5. Declaration of the end of the Korean War, 6. Future UNC mission and role innovation.
Conclusion: Republic of Korea should actively participate in the revitalization of the UNC for the national interests based on strategic clarity even though the ROK is not a founding country of the UNC. The United States is willing to innovate the future mission and role of the UNC as a multinational peacekeeper capable of supporting a peace regime on the Korean Peninsula while maintaining its influence in East Asia. In conclusion, it is important that the UNC continue to support liberal democracy in the Republic of Korea and develop into a multinational peacekeeping force in East Asia.
Literary View towards Unresolved Territorial Conflicts in Northeast Asia: Focusing on Inherent Community Memory between South Korea and Japan and Collective Perception of South Korean
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Lee Jiwon , Yun Jinwoo
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This article is to explore to understand the realistic background of the territorial conflicts, it has limitations in the understanding and resolution of the territorial conflicts at a more fundamental level regarding the humanities approach. In this respect, it is important to analyze the unresolved territorial conflicts based on the literary view from a humanistic approach based on a political and cultural perspective rather than a confrontation based on the logic of power.
Method: The humanities approach is especially literature, contains the conflict generation and resolution process at the human level. The literary works representing each country, especially novels and tales, uniquely demonstrate the origin and development of the conflicts through their own plots. Based on which, it will be possible to understand how the territorial disputes will develop by country at the cultural level.
Results: This article has not suggested a fundamental resolution for the territorial conflicts of Northeast Asia, and especially the historical issues of Dokdo between South Korea and Japan. However, it is important to take a humanistic approach focusing on the literary works as ideological, economic, cultural, and nationalist conflicts. This is because the memory of intersecting harms and damages as ideological, economic, cultural, and nationalistic confrontations are repeated with a focus on the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria are the factors that continue the conflict.
Conclusion: As the historical contexts are different, the cultural and psychological tendencies are also unique, and the territorial disputes develop through the combination of such factors. In order to analyze the collective psychology and conflict of the South Koreans who experienced the loss of sovereignty and division due to Japan’s forced annexation, and the territorial and historical issues surrounding the Island of Dokdo, which has been an obstacle to the normalization of the South Korea-Japan relations to this day, the culture of the time literature works dealing with modern and contemporary history that reflect the culture and language have been considered.
Electronic Warfare Theory and Strategy: Focusing on the Threat of North Korea’s Electronic Warfare
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Cho Hongje
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The importance of electronic warfare in modern warfare is increasing day by day. In particular, North Korea has a relative weakness of conventional weapons systems, and has focused on developing asymmetric weapons systems and electronic warfare as a way to overcome them. North Korea is currently expected to further expand its application to some aircraft and guided weapons operations under satellite navigation systems such as GPS, GLONASS, COMPASS and Beidou.
Method: This study studied the prior theory of electronic warfare at home and abroad. Prior research examined the military doctrines of the United States and trends in Europe. In particular, I studied the doctrines of the United States Joint Navigation Center (Navigation Warfare Center, JNWC) and the Education Command. Based on these prior research materials and literature reviews, I wanted to specifically review North Korea's electronic warfare cases and present our response in terms of legal and institutional aspects.
Results: The South Korean military should recognize the importance of navigation warfare (part of electronic warfare) that protects our troops' location, navigation and square information so that they can be used without interruption, prevent the enemy's use of related information, and ensure the peaceful use of such information outside the light bulb In addition, we need to build an electronic warfare simulator and continue to promote training based on various scenarios.
Conclusion: Efforts to train and support professionals are urgently needed. In parallel with these efforts, joint efforts to develop electronic technologies between the civilian and military should be preceded. To win a high-tech war in the 21st century, it is essential, among other things, to have precision weapons and original electronic warfare support capabilities. In addition, it is necessary to foster R&D and defense companies to secure domestic technology.
Future Learning Competency Extracurricular Program Operation and Performance Analysis
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Song Seohyun
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study has public value as it identifies the current status and problems of extracurricular program. It does so by analyzing the operation and performance of extracurricular program after selecting them based on the results of student needs analysis. Additionally, it verifies whether participation in extracurricular program has an effect on self-efficacy and suggests implications for future program design and activation.
Method: Data collection was conducted by surveying students in the science department of O University in the Seoul metropolitan area, and analysis methods included frequency and percentage, exploratory factor analysis, reliability testing, correlation, and regression analysis. The research questions are
1. How is the selection of extracurricular program based on students' needs analysis?
2. What are the results of the analysis of the operational performance of extracurricular program?
3. Is participation in extracurricular program effective in promoting self-efficacy?
Results: Based on research question 1, the extracurricular program selected were the Creative Convergence Competition, the Foreign Student Mentoring Program, 5L DAY, and the 3D Printing Instructor Certification Course. According to research question 2, the creative convergence competition was able to develop core competencies outside the major and needed communication channels between departments. International student mentoring needed to strengthen the criteria for international students to participate in the program, and the 3D printing instructor certification course needed online lectures for theory and in-person lectures for practice. 5L DAY had the highest level of satisfaction among the comparison programs. According to research question 3, participation in the Future Learning Capability Program was effective in improving self-efficacy.
Conclusion: The limitations of this study include that the research subjects are limited to the science departments of metropolitan universities, and the effectiveness of the “Future Learning Competency” extracurricular program is verified among the core competency-based extracurricular program of universities, and subsequent research requires subdivision by department and grade, and research on various factors such as learning effectiveness and satisfaction.
Evolution of the US’ Strategic Ambiguity in the Cross-Strait Relations
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Lee Sangsoo
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This paper analyzes how the US policy on Taiwan is gradually evolving from strategic ambiguity to strategic clarity. First, I would like to analyze China's Taiwan policy in terms of the core interests of the Communist Party of China. Second, I would like to specify why the US policy on Taiwan is evolving from strategic ambiguity to strategic clarity. Third, in the event of the Taiwan contingency, the security threat to the Korean Peninsula is identified and policy alternatives are proposed.
Method: This paper delves into the US policy on Taiwan with the Balance of Interest theory of Randall Schweller. A neoclassical realist suggests that national foreign policy is indirect and complex and must be reinterpreted through a parameter unit of domestic factors. According to Neo-Classic realists, the parameters that affect a country's foreign policy are such as domestic interest groups and the political leader’s ideology and identity.
Results: The main parameters of the US policy shift towards Taiwan from the perspectives of Neo-classical Realism are as follows. First, it is Biden’s identity of value diplomacy which prioritizes democracy and human rights. Second, Xi Jinping's military threats to annex Taiwan, and the pursuit of a gray zone strategy are driving factors for the US Policy shift from strategic ambiguity to strategic clarity. Third, the US policy shift to Taiwan was initiated by curbing China's rise through the control of the Indo-Pacific maritime control and global supply chain.
Conclusion: The contingency in the Taiwan Strait is closely linked to security on the Korean Peninsula due to the US’ strategic flexibility. Currently, tensions between the US and China are rising in the Indo-Pacific region as the US military support for Taiwan's self-defense. The ROK should be wary of being involved in the unintended Taiwan crisis. To build a free and prosperous Indo-Pacific, strategic communication between the US and China should be strengthened while respecting the “one China” principle.
A Study on the Effects of Local Police's Perception of Crime Prevention Activities on Police Trust
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Lee Haengjun
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the crime prevention activities of the autonomous police, centering on Suwon City, have an impact on police trust, and to suggest ways to secure the reliability of the autonomous police activities in the future.
Method: In this study, 320 copies of the meaningful results obtained through the survey conducted on the citizens of Suwon were analyzed. For the analysis, the crime prevention activities of the autonomous police were set as an independent variable and trust in the police was set as a dependent variable.
Results: As a result of analysis on the impact of crime prevention activities(patrol, crime prevention environment creation, order maintenance) of autonomous police on police trust, it was found that patrol and crime prevention environment creation had a significant effect, and order maintenance No significant effect was found.
Conclusion: In order to actively prevent crime, it is necessary to support visible police activities, such as strengthening intensive patrols using foot patrols, motorcycles, and patrol cars, as well as supporting technical equipment for effective arrest. CCTV has a very useful value in that it can be used as an efficient means of arresting criminals by filling the public security vacuum caused by insufficient police manpower at the present time and converting data into a database. In addition, more practical equipment support should be provided by securing the police's own budget to expand the development and expansion of a customized work system tailored to the local situation and to strengthen cooperative public order such as autonomous security guards and child guards.
The Relationship between Child Values and Happiness of Early Childhood Parents: Actor Effect and Partner Effect
Authors:   J-INSTITUTE, Bae Gutaek , Park Soonsun , Jin Youngmi
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between child value and happiness among parents of infants and toddlers in the 6th and 7th waves of the Korean Child Panel Survey.
Method: We conducted an analysis of self and other interdependence model(APIM) to test the self-effect and partner-effect of parents of infants and toddlers.
Results: The results of the self-effect and partner-effect tests of mothers' and fathers' perceived parental child value on happiness showed that mothers' and fathers' perceived child value had a significant positive effect on their own happiness. In addition, the interaction effect of mothers' and fathers' perceived child value on happiness was significant only for the negative effect of fathers' perceived child value on mothers' happiness. We also found significant differences in the self-effect and partner-effect of parental values on happiness, with mothers' happiness being influenced more by their own parental values than by their fathers' parental values.
Conclusion: The significance of this study is that it verified the effect of parents' child value on their own happiness, which has been lacking in the literature. Therefore, this study provides implications for the establishment of government childcare policies to improve the happiness of parents of infants and toddlers and for parent education in early childhood education institutions, and provides a basis for future research and programs to improve the happiness of parents of infants and toddlers.
THE DURABILITY OF RELIGION IN THE SECULAR AGE: RELIGIONIZATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: M. Djafar Alamsyah , Unaesah Rahmah
Published: September 2023

The global intensification of religionization has raised renewed questions about the validity of the secularization thesis. Research supporting the secularization thesis suggested an alternative perspective, emphasizing the correlation between security levels and religious adherence. It posits that as security levels rise, the reliance on religion diminishes, whereas in contexts of low security, the need for religion intensifies. An examination of the trajectories and dynamics of secularization in Indonesia reveals that among the Muslim middle class, secularization has alleviated feelings of insecurity arising from socio-political crises. Such observations suggest that historical trajectories of religionization are intricately linked to these socio-political dynamics. Furthermore, initiatives by the government and political organizations that endorse religion as a preferred choice expedite this transition towards religionization. This study uses process tracing by dividing the historical process into three periods and comparing them analytically to explain the causal mechanism among modernization, secularization, and religionization.
A framework for understanding climate change impacts through intra- and interspecific asymmetries in climate change responses
Authors: Coblentz Kyle , Treidel Lisa , Biagioli Francis , Fragel Christina , Johnson Allison , Thilakarathne Dinelka , Yang Liuqingqing , DeLong John
Published: September 2023

A crucial challenge in ecology is understanding and predicting
population responses to climate change. A key component of population
responses to climate change are asymmetries in which focal intra- or
interspecific rates (e.g. population growth rates) change in response to
climate change due to non-compensatory changes in underlying components
(e.g. birth and death rates) determining the focal rates. Asymmetric
climate change responses have been documented in a variety of systems
and arise at multiple levels of organization within and across species.
Yet, how these asymmetries combine to influence the demographics of
populations is often unclear, as varied asymmetries are typically not
mapped back to the fundamental demographic asymmetry – the differential
changes in a species’ birth and death rates – that underlies population
and community change. We provide a flexible framework incorporating
asymmetric changes in rates within and among species and mapping their
consequences for additional rates across scales to their eventual
effects on population growth rates. Throughout we provide specific
applications of the framework. We hope this framework helps to unify
research on asymmetric climate change responses, provides researchers
with a common language to discuss asymmetric responses, and enhances our
ability to understand how populations are responding to climate change.
Early erythroferrone levels can predict the long-term hemoglobin responses to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
Authors: Xu Peng , Wong Raymond , Yan Xiaoyu
Published: September 2023

Background and Purpose: Our previous study reported that erythroferrone
(ERFE), a newly identified hormone produced by erythroblasts, responded
to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) sensitively but its
dynamics was complicated by double peaks and circadian rhythm. This
study intends to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the double
peaks of ERFE dynamics, and further determine whether early ERFE
measurements can predict hemoglobin (HGB) responses to rHuEPO.
Experimental Approach: By expressing recombinant rat ERFE protein and
investigating its deposition in rats, the production of ERFE was
deconvoluted. To explore the role of iron in ERFE production, we
monitored short-term changes of iron status after injection of rHuEPO or
deferiprone (DFP). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling was
used to confirm the mechanisms and examine the predictive ability of
ERFE for long-term HGB responses. Key Results: The rRatERFE protein was
successfully expressed and purified. The production of ERFE was
deconvoluted and showed two independent peaks (2 h and 8 h). Transient
iron decrease was observed at 4h after rHuEPO injection and DFP induced
significant increases of ERFE. Based on this mechanism, the PK/PD model
could characterize the complex dynamics of ERFE. In addition, the model
predictions further revealed a stronger correlation between ERFE and HGB
peak values than that for observed values. Conclusions and Implications:
The complex dynamics of ERFE should be composited by an immediate
release and transient iron deficiency-mediated secondary production of
ERFE. The early peak values of ERFE, which occur within a few hours, can
predict HGB responses several weeks after ESA treatment.
Immunology across two islands: understanding the research landscape of Aotearoa
Authors: Kirman Joanna , Weinkove Robert , Borger Jessica
Published: September 2023

In the unique landscape of immunology research in New Zealand, this
article explores the collaborative networks spanning the two main
islands, through a conversation with Associate Professor Joanna Kirman
and Dr. Robert Weinkove. The discussions delve into their dynamic
collaborations with countries like Asia, Australia, and the United
States from their labs at the University of Otago and the Malaghan
Institute respectively, provides insight into the translational research
landscape of New Zealand, and the integration of Māori culture into all
aspects of scientific research and clinical practise. Kirman’s work in
understanding immunological memory in tuberculosis and Weinkove’s
research in cancer immunotherapies, particularly CAR-T cells, are
highlighted. The natural beauty and accessibility of New Zealand
supports it’s research diversity.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the Male Reproductive Tract: Insights from Semen Analysis and Cryopreservation
Authors: Giugliano Silvia , M Alessandro Mozzarelli , Navarra Annalisa , Simone Gabriele De , Rescigno Maria , E Paolo Levi Setti , Albani Elena
Published: September 2023

SARS-CoV-2, the virus behind the COVID-19 pandemic, affects multiple
organs, including the male reproductive system. The male reproductive
tract expresses ACE-2, the primary viral entry receptor, in
spermatogonia, Leydig, and Sertoli cells. While viral infections can
harm male fertility through cytokine storms, the effects of SARS-CoV-2
on fertility are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the
impact of COVID-19 on the male reproductive tract. Semen samples from 20
patients, collected 3 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, revealed the
presence of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors in both plasmatic and spermatozoa
fractions. Five patients showed viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(RdRp), indicating potential viral persistence. Elevated levels of
inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were observed in the plasmatic
fraction, suggesting a persistent inflammatory condition affecting sperm
vitality. Immune cell populations associated with viral clearance were
identified in the semen fraction, correlating with receptor expression
and inflammatory cytokines. To address SARS-CoV-2 uncertainties in
reproductive medicine, we assessed the virus’s presence in seminal fluid
before and after cryopreservation using slow freezing and vitrification.
Our study confirms the safety of both techniques in preserving male
fertility for assisted reproductive technology programs. In conclusion,
our study highlights the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive
health, emphasizing the persistence of viral entry receptors, potential
viral RNA presence, the inflammatory environment, and the involvement of
immune populations in the male reproductive tract post-infection.
Importantly, we confirm the safety of conventional freezing and
vitrification techniques for preserving male fertility in assisted
reproductive technology programs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Big data-big problems? How to circumvent problems in biodiversity mapping and ensure meaningful results
Authors: Hughes Alice , Dorey James , Bossert Silas , Qiao Huijie , Orr Michael
Published: September 2023

Our knowledge of biodiversity hinges on sufficient data, reliable
methods, and realistic models. Without an accurate assessment of species
distributions, we cannot effectively target and stem biodiversity loss.
Species range maps are the foundation of such efforts, but countless
studies have failed to account for the most basic assumptions of
reliable species mapping practices, undermining the credibility of their
results and potentially misleading and hindering conservation and
management efforts. Here, we use examples from the recent literature and
broader conservation community to highlight the substantial shortfalls
in current practices and their consequences for both analyses and
conservation management. We detail how different decisions on data
filtering impact the outcomes of analysis and provide practical
recommendations and steps for more reliable analysis, whilst
understanding the limits of what available data will reliably allow and
what methods are most appropriate. Whilst “perfect” analyses are not
possible for many taxa given limited data, and biases, ensuring we use
data within reasonable limits and understanding inherent assumptions is
crucial to ensure appropriate use. By embracing and enacting such best
practices, we can ensure both the accuracy and improved comparability of
biodiversity analyses going forward, ultimately enhancing our ability to
use data to facilitate our protection of the natural world.