bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Safety and Utility of Phenobarbital Use for the Treatment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in the Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Oks Margarita , Cleven Krystal L. , Healy Lauren , Wei Mabel , Narasimhan Mangala , Mayo Paul H. , Kohn Nina , Koenig Seth
Published: June 2018

Background:

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a common reason for admission to a medical intensive care unit (MICU) and requires significant hospital resource utilization. Benzodiazepines are first-line therapy for AWS in many intensive care units. We propose the use of symptom-triggered phenobarbital for the treatment of AWS as a safe alternative to benzodiazepines.

Methods:

This was a retrospective observational study of a 4-year period, 2011 to 2015, of all patients with AWS admitted to the MICU of 1 tertiary care hospital and treated with phenobarbital. A symptom-triggered protocol was used. Resolution of AWS was assessed with the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale to goal score of 0 to −1. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was used as an index of patient illness severity. Complications associated with phenobarbital use and/or the AWS admission were analyzed.

Results:

Data of 86 AWS patient encounters were analyzed. The mean Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol–Revised score of patients admitted to the MICU with AWS was 19 ± 9. The mean phenobarbital dose administered during the MICU stay was 1977.5 ± 1531.5 mg. There were a total of 17 (20%) intubations. The most frequent cause of mechanical ventilation in patients with AWS was loss of airway clearance, followed by hemodynamic instability secondary to upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the corresponding need for endoscopy.

Conclusions:

Sole use of phenobarbital use for control of AWS may be a safe alternative to benzodiazepines. Further study is needed to correlate phenobarbital serum levels with clinical control of AWS.
Assessing Domestic Violence Shelter Workers Views and Practices Pertaining to HIV Prevention Services for Women Residing in Domestic Violence Shelters
Authors: Cavanaugh Courtenay E. , Harvey Jenna , Alexander Kamila A. , Saraczewski Samantha , Campbell Jacquelyn C.
Published: June 2018

There is a need for studies to assess domestic violence (DV) shelter workers views about brief HIV prevention interventions for shelter residents to improve these workers’ provision of HIV prevention interventions to shelter residents. This mixed methods study assessed DV shelter workers’ views about the following: (a) the need for and appropriateness of HIV prevention services within DV shelters, (b) the utility (i.e., acceptability, systems support, understanding, and feasibility) of an HIV Risk Assessment and Safety Plan (HIV RASP) for women in DV shelters, and (c) suggested changes to or concerns about using the HIV RASP. Workers from DV shelters located in the 10 states in the United States with the highest rates of HIV reviewed the HIV RASP and answered survey questions about it including the Usage Rating Profile–Intervention (URP-I) Questionnaire and two open-ended questions. Although workers felt it was appropriate to provide HIV prevention interventions within DV shelters, only 23% reported that HIV prevention interventions had ever been implemented at their shelter and only 42% had provided residents with educational brochures about HIV prevention. Workers generally agreed that the HIV RASP was acceptable, understandable, and feasible. They somewhat disagreed about their ability to implement the tool independently. Findings suggest that little progress has been made in engaging DV shelter workers in HIV prevention efforts for residents during the past decade and reveal ways to improve the HIV RASP and overcome barriers to implementing it. The study findings may be used to help reduce gaps between the science and practice of HIV prevention for abused women.
Equality on His Terms: Doing and Undoing Gender through Men’s Discussion Groups
Authors: Pierotti Rachael S. , Lake Milli , Lewis Chloé
Published: June 2018

Efforts to promote gender equality often encourage changes to interpersonal interactions as a way of undermining gender hierarchy. Such programs are premised on the idea that the gender system can be “undone” when individuals behave in ways that challenge prevailing gender norms. However, scholars know little about whether and under what conditions real changes to the gender system can result from changed behaviors. We use the context of a gender sensitization program in the Democratic Republic of Congo to examine prospects for transformative change at the interactional level of the gender system. Over nine months, we observed significant changes in men’s quotidian practices. Further, we identified a new commitment among many men to a more equal division of household labor. However, participants consistently undermined the transformative potential of these behavioral changes through their dedication to maintaining control over the objective, process, and meaning of change, resisting conceptions of equality that challenged the gender system. Because quotidian changes left gender hierarchy intact, they appear unlikely to destabilize the logics that legitimate women’s subordination.
‘A Minute’s a Life-Time in Fast-Food!’: Managerial Job Quality in the Quick Service Restaurant Sector
Authors: Butler Peter , Hammer Anita
Published: June 2018

The fast-food sector remains significantly under researched relative to its size and importance. Drawing on qualitative data this article explores the nature of managerial work in a market leading organisation. The research speaks to important contemporary debates vis-a-vis managerial job quality in routinised service sector work and the compatibility of such jobs with key quality of working life (QWL) criteria (e.g. opportunities for skills development, decision latitude, voice and meaning). The theoretical contribution of the article lies in the rigour of the analytical lens and exploration of how objective QWL criteria are coloured by subjective expectations and social processes to produce nuanced and unanticipated outcomes, for example accounts of rewarding, interesting and meaningful work notwithstanding severe structural constraints and bureaucratic rigidities.
Mapping the socio-political landscape of heat mitigation through urban greenspaces: the case of Taipei Metropolis
Authors: Mabon Leslie , Shih Wan-Yu
Published: June 2018

We assess socio-political challenges for urban heat island (UHI) mitigation in greenspace planning, focusing on Taipei Metropolis, Taiwan. Through analysis of articles from two newspapers, we suggest that attention to greenery and heat tends to reflect immediate weather or planning considerations, and that there is a persistent perception of greenspace as a barrier to economic development. Broad-based, durable rationales extending beyond climate adaptation benefits may be required to sustain support for greenspace planning in Taipei. There is also a need to raise decision makers’ awareness of the specific actions required to realize cooling benefits via greening. We argue that the Taipei case demonstrates the potential for policy messaging based on greenspace functions to attain cross-sectoral buy-in for greenspace development or preservation, but that planners and policymakers must ensure that consensus-based governance actually delivers cooling benefits to citizens. Our results also indicate that greenspace planning policy could more explicitly address community-level greening specifically targeted at cooling or other climate adaptation challenges.
Lift and drag force measurements on basic models of low-speed axial fan blade sections
Authors: Balla Esztella , Vad János
Published: June 2018

This paper presents comparative data on the aerodynamic lift and drag of basic model representations of low-speed axial fan blade sections. Three main types of blades are investigated: flat plate, cambered plate and RAF6-E profiled airfoil. Lift and drag force are measured at three different Reynolds numbers (0.6 × 105, 105 and 1.4 × 105) around the threshold value of 105. The measurement data are compared to literature data. The aerodynamic force measurements reveal that, for Reynolds numbers below 105, cambered plate blade sections can be superior to airfoil profiles in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, especially in the high-load range. The effect of leading edge bluntness is also investigated. Leaving the leading edge of cambered plates blunt, tends to be uncritical for low Reynolds numbers at angles of attack between 4° and 10° but is critical at angles between 0° and 4°.
Intraperitoneal hemorrhage after cupping therapy
Authors: Lu Meng‐Chuan , Yang Chih‐Jen , Tsai Shih‐Hung , Hung Chih‐Chieh , Chen Sy‐Jou
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Cupping therapy has been widely performed in oriental countries and considered a safety alternative to relieve pain. Here, we report a rare complication from abdominal cupping. Case presentation: A 49‐year‐old man presented with a 2‐day history of left upper quadrant abdominal pain after cupping therapy 3 days earlier. His abdomen was soft but appeared a localized rebounding tenderness. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed intraperitoneal hemorrhage originated from the left upper quadrant of the omentum.

Discussion:

Several mechanisms are proposed for the development of intraperitoneal hemorrhage after cupping therapy, including the tensile stress generated by cupping that facilitates the disruption of omentum vessels, strong negative pressure generated by cupping that suppresses blood supply to the cup‐applied sites causing adjacent tissue ischemia, and subsequent vascular extravasation. Treatment for intraperitoneal hemorrhage depends on clinical conditions. Stable patients can be managed conservatively, whereas surgery is reserved for those with continuous bleeding and hypovolemic shock.

Conclusion:

Cupping therapy complicated with omentum bleeding can present insidiously until peritoneal irritation developed by intraperitoneal hemorrhage. A comprehensive history taking and a high degree of vigilance are crucial to diagnose early patients with this rare complication.
“Meet Me Where I Am”: Removing Barriers to End-of-Life Care for Homeless Veterans and Veterans Without Stable Housing
Authors: Gruenewald David A. , Doan Daniel , Poppe Anne , Jones Jacqueline , Hutt Evelyn
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To describe the barriers and facilitators of end-of-life (EOL) care for Veterans without stable housing (VWSH) as perceived by Veterans at 1 VA medical center and EOL care staff.

Design:

Qualitative descriptive study. Secondary applied content analysis of data from interviews and focus groups in our parent study.

Setting/Participants:

VA Puget Sound Health Care System and VWSH.

Results:

The core emergent theme in the words of Veterans and health-care workers was “meet me where I am,” a statement of what many Veterans want most from their health care. Barriers and facilitators often reflected the presence or absence of important factors such as relationship and trust building, care coordination and flexibility, key individuals and services, and assistance in navigating change.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that to improve health care for VWSH, interventions must be multifaceted, including a suite of support services, flexibility and creative problem-solving, and adaptations in communication approaches. The authors offer specific recommendations for improving EOL care for VWSH based on these findings.
Damage related material constants in continuum damage mechanics for unidirectional composites with matrix cracks
Authors: Li Shuguang , Wang Mingkun , Jeanmeure Laurent , Sitnikova Elena , Yu Fei , Pan Qing , Zhou Chuwei , Talreja Ramesh
Published: June 2018

Application of a continuum damage mechanics formulation rests on the ease with which the material constants involved in the formulation can be determined. For an initially linear elastic material, the changes in elastic constants induced by damage depend on certain damage related material constants that are commonly determined by experiments in addition to those required to determine the initial properties. This additional experimental task can render the continuum damage mechanics theory less attractive. The present paper will only deal with those associated with damage representation. We propose here a procedure for analytically determining seven out of eight damage related material constants for unidirectional composites assumed initially transversely isotropic and containing a parallel array of matrix cracks along fibres. The remaining constant can be determined experimentally or by a numerical experiment proposed here for the purpose. The analytical expressions derived are in terms of initial elasticity constants of a unidirectional composite and are verified for their accuracy by numerical experiments. Since a unidirectional composite forms a building block in composite laminates, the results obtained here can be naturally used for damage in laminates.
The Strong, Silent Type(ology): Examining Intersections of Alexithymia and the Drive for Muscularity
Authors: Parent Mike C. , Bradstreet Tyler C.
Published: June 2018

This study used latent profile analysis to explore the interrelations of drive for muscularity (DM) and alexithymia among 505 men. Four unique classes of men emerged: (1) low endorsement of DM and alexithymia, (2) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and DM, (3) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and high endorsement of attitudinal and behavioral DM, and (4) high endorsement of DM attitudes and alexithymia, and low endorsement of DM behaviors. We explored relations between class membership and avoidant attachment, social pressure to be muscular, help-seeking attitudes, and body appreciation, using Class 1 as the reference group. Alexithymia and attitudinal DM, in the absence of behavioral DM, appear to be a particularly unhealthful constellation of alexithymia and DM.
Guilty of Loving You: A Multispecies Narrative
Authors: Nordstrom Susan Naomi , Nordstrom Amelie , Nordstrom Coonan
Published: June 2018

We recognized the urgency of our shared multispecies inquiry, with the recent death of one of the cats, Amelie. In the intense singularity of death, we became very aware of how we tune and tend together—everyday practices in which humans (themselves animals) and animals live and perceive together—and how these practices shape our everyday lives. These practices are acts of multispecies survival in which we learn how to live and die together. We weave our multispecies living–dying together with the theories of Haraway and Rautio. Writing together as we disrupt the categories between humans and animals, human-centered philosophical concepts, and human-centered narrative inquiry. In so doing, we offer an evocative multispecies narrative that tells a different story, a becoming with multiple species in naturecultures.
Resource Leveraging to Achieve Large-Scale Implementation of Effective Educational Practices
Authors: Horner Robert H. , Ward Caryn S. , Fixsen Dean L. , Sugai George , McIntosh Kent , Putnam Robert , Little Hannah D.
Published: June 2018

We propose in this article that a central element in the large-scale implementation of evidence-based practices is the process by which initial investment in local demonstrations is leveraged into larger implementation efforts. We offer a definition of this “resource leveraging” and propose a process for both measuring and reporting the effects of leveraging. We suggest that resource leveraging become a valid focus of future research and that the intentional measurement, planning, and management of resource leveraging be used to improve the scaling-up of effective practices.
Book review: An Nguyen (ed). News Numbers and Public Opinion in a Data-driven World
Authors: Davies Kayt
Published: June 2018

An Nguyen (ed). News Numbers and Public Opinion in a Data-driven World. London: Bloomsbury, 2018, 288 pp., US £96 (hardcover) and US £82.94 (Ebook).
Interdisciplinary Learning in Journalism: A Hong Kong Study of Data Journalism Education
Authors: Zhu Lingzi , Du Ying Roselyn
Published: June 2018

Using data collected in the assessment survey of a series of data journalism (DJ) training activities in Hong Kong, this study compares participants’ learning activities. These participants consist of students, scholars and professionals from diverse academic backgrounds. The findings show that significant differences exist between learners with journalism-related backgrounds and those with science backgrounds. Compared with journalism majors, during the activities, science majors interact with others more and get more practice; they also gain more theoretical and practical outcomes alongside higher levels of learning enjoyment. Interviews with journalism majors indicate that lack of fundamental knowledge, time and support in practice brings difficulties to their DJ learning. Suggestions for an interdisciplinary approach to journalism education were also collected through interviews, which include more information on DJ, a deeper level of interdisciplinary interaction and more interactions with the industry. Survey and in-depth interviews are both used in this research to provide references for DJ students and instructors.
Doing nothing: Anthropology sits at the same table with contemporary art in Lisbon and Tbilisi
Authors: Martínez Francisco
Published: June 2018

This article proposes an artistic performance to reflect on the labour of fieldwork. The experimental method consists in installing myself at a café in Lisbon and Tbilisi for 35 hours beyond the reach of smartphones and laptops and then doing nothing. Across this exercise, time slows, opening a clearer window into ordinary life. The intervention raises questions about the way digital technologies transform the temporality and experience of ethnographic fieldwork. The essay sets up to make a methodological contribution to a growing literature on ‘inactivity’ and about experimental methods, reminding us that observation is a tiring physical experience and that slow time is correlated with anthropological quality. Doing nothing appears as a slow time being in front of others, which enables a break of consciousness, suspends politics of relevance, and leaves space for serendipity and embodied imagination.
Performance-Enhancing Drugs Abuse Caused Cardiomyopathy and Acute Hepatic Injury in a Young Bodybuilder
Authors: Li Cheng , Adhikari Binay Kumar , Gao Lu , Zhang Shuai , Liu Quan , Wang Yonggang , Sun Jian
Published: June 2018

A number of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) are used illicitly to improve muscle strength by the bodybuilders. The misuse of these drugs is associated with serious adverse effects to different organs. A previously healthy 22-year-old male bodybuilder after taking stanozolol, clenbuterol, and triiodothyronine for 10 days presented to the hospital with symptoms of icteric sclera, progressive dyspnea, intermittent cough, and bloody sputum. He was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and acute hepatic injury. Rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and acute hepatic injury among bodybuilders in such a short period of time have not been reported. People using these drugs must monitor liver and cardiac functions regularly, and they should discontinue using PEDs after diagnosis of liver or cardiac abnormalities. Physicians should always consider the possibility of the PED abuse in the context of a young athlete suffering cardiomyopathy or hepatic injury.
More Than Talking
Authors: Phillipson Lyn , Hammond Athena
Published: June 2018

Participation in qualitative research frequently relies upon recall and verbal expression, which may be difficult for some people with dementia. While the use of arts-based and visual methods are transforming dementia care, exploratory research and evaluation methods have lagged behind with regard to the use of innovative qualitative approaches. This scoping review identified innovative qualitative methods that have been used to effectively engage and involve people with dementia in social and health research. Systematic searches of academic databases, Google Scholar, and hand searches identified 24 peer-reviewed articles published since 2010 for inclusion. Analysis focused on a description of both the motivation and methods ascribed by the researchers and how the capacities of people with dementia were engaged as part of the research process. The most frequently used innovative method was Photovoice. Action research, case study, narrative production, ethnography, participatory filmmaking and theater, co-research, and mixed methods were also used. Regardless of methodology, most studies used a participatory approach that incorporated visual methods alongside adapted semistructured or unstructured interviews. Researchers were focused on inclusion, empowerment, self-expression, flexibility, and communication when selecting methods. Providing an appropriate research environment and committing time for repeat contact, observation, and engagement were important considerations.
Long-Term Survival after Microfracture and Mosaicplasty for Knee Articular Cartilage Repair: A Comparative Study Between Two Treatments Cohorts
Authors: Solheim Eirik , Hegna Janne , Inderhaug Eivind
Published: June 2018

Objective

To investigate survival of cartilage repair in the knee by microfracture (MFX; n = 119) or mosaicplasty osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT; n = 84).

Design

For survival analyses, “failure” was defined as the event of a patient reporting a Lysholm score <65 or undergoing an ipsilateral knee replacement. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for construction of a survival functions plot for the event “failure.” Log rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used for comparison of survival distributions in the 2 groups.

Results

The long-term failure rate (62% overall) was significantly higher in the MFX group (66%) compared with the OAT group (51%, P = 0.01). Furthermore, the mean time to failure was significantly shorter ( P < 0.001) in the MFX group, 4.0 years (SD 4.1) compared with the OAT group, 8.4 years (SD 4.8). In the OAT group, the survival rate stayed higher than 80% for the first 7 years, and higher than 60% for 15 years, while the survival rate dropped to less than 80% within 12 months, and to less than 60% within 3 years in the MFX group, log rank (Mantel-Cox) 20.295 ( P < 0.001). The same pattern was found in a subgroup of patients ( n = 134) of same age (<51 years) and size of treated lesion (<500 mm2), log rank (Mantel-Cox) 10.738 ( P = 0.001). The nonfailures (48%) were followed for median 15 yeas (1-18 years).

Conclusions

MFX articular cartilage repairs failed more often and earlier than the OAT repairs, both in the whole cohort and in a subgroup of patients matched for age and size of treated lesion, indicating that the OAT repair is the more durable.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic study, Level III.
Expert opinion for use of faecal calprotectin in diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease in daily clinical practice
Authors: Reenaers Catherine , Bossuyt Peter , Hindryckx Pieter , Vanpoucke Hilde , Cremer Anneline , Baert Filip
Published: June 2018

Background

Despite many publications regarding the role of faecal calprotectin (FC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), clear recommendations for its use in clinical practice are currently lacking in the literature.

Aim

The aim of this article is to provide practical guidance for clinicians for the use of FC in the detection and management of patients with IBD.

Methods

All relevant publications were analysed and practical statements were proposed based on a Delphi consensus approach.

Results

Different commercial assays have been developed but international standardisation is lacking. FC can help in the diagnosis process of IBD. In IBD, FC can predict response to therapy, detect subclinical inflammation and help to drive treatment decisions to achieve better endoscopic and clinical outcomes. After Crohn's surgery FC can identify patients with early endoscopic recurrence.

Conclusion

Although major therapeutic changes should not be based on FC alone, FC is a valuable tool to optimise the care for IBD patients.
Risk Factors for Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolus Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bokshan Steven L. , DeFroda Steven F. , Panarello Nicholas M. , Owens Brett D.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Nearly 350,000 Americans develop a deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) annually, and nearly 100,000 Americans die from these events. To date, little research has investigated patient-specific risk factors that increase the rate of DVT/PE following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Purpose:

To determine relevant patient risk factors for the development of DVT/PE following ACLR.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All instances of ACLR from 2005 to 2014 within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) prospective database were analyzed. Both univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to determine which patient demographics and surgical factors were associated with DVT or PE following surgery.

Results:

Of the 9146 patients who underwent ACLR, 46 (0.5%) developed postoperative DVT, 8 (0.1%) developed PE, and 5 (0.05%) developed both. The following variables were associated with the development of DVT or PE on univariate analysis: increased age, a high tibial osteotomy (HTO) performed at the time of ACLR, microfracture performed, the presence of hypertension requiring medical therapy, and the presence of an active wound infection. Independent predictors of DVT or PE on multivariate analysis included HTO (odds ratio [OR], 22.7), the presence of an active wound infection (OR, 11.0), or hypertension requiring medication (OR, 2.2). Meniscal repair was not a risk factor for DVT or PE on univariate or multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:

In a review of 9146 patients undergoing ACLR, 46 (0.5%) developed DVT in the 30-day postoperative period. Increasing age over 30 years, concomitant HTO or microfracture, hypertension requiring medication, and presence of wound infection were all associated with an increased risk of DVT. The annual incidence of DVT/PE following ACLR reconstruction is low (<1%) and has not changed over time.
Toward subsurface magnetic permeability imaging with electromagnetic induction sensors: Sensitivity computation and reconstruction of measured data
Authors: Klose Tim , Guillemoteau Julien , Simon François-Xavier , Tronicke Jens
Published: June 2018

In near-surface geophysics, small portable loop-loop electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors using harmonic sources with a constant and rather small frequency are increasingly used to investigate the electrical properties of the subsurface. For such sensors, the influence of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability on the EMI response is well-understood. Typically, data analysis focuses on reconstructing an electrical conductivity model by inverting the out-of-phase response. However, in a variety of near-surface applications, magnetic permeability (or susceptibility) models derived from the in-phase (IP) response may provide important additional information. In view of developing a fast 3D inversion procedure of the IP response for a dense grid of measurement points, we first analyze the 3D sensitivity functions associated with a homogeneous permeable half-space. Then, we compare synthetic data computed using a linear forward-modeling method based on these sensitivity functions with synthetic data computed using full nonlinear forward-modeling methods. The results indicate the correctness and applicability of our linear forward-modeling approach. Furthermore, we determine the advantages of converting IP data into apparent permeability, which, for example, allows us to extend the applicability of the linear forward-modeling method to high-magnetic environments. Finally, we compute synthetic data with the linear theory for a model consisting of a controlled magnetic target and compare the results with field data collected with a four-configuration loop-loop EMI sensor. With this field-scale experiment, we determine that our linear forward-modeling approach can reproduce measured data with sufficiently small error, and, thus, it represents the basis for developing efficient inversion approaches.
Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate Type on Serum Cardiometabolic Risk Indicators and Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Meng Huicui , Matthan Nirupa R , Fried Susan K , Berciano Silvia , Walker Maura E , Galluccio Jean M , Lichtenstein Alice H
Published: June 2018

Context and Objective

Direct comparisons between types of dietary carbohydrate in terms of cardiometabolic risk indicators are limited. This study was designed to compare the effects of an isocaloric exchange of simple, refined, and unrefined carbohydrates on serum cardiometabolic risk indicators, adipose tissue inflammatory markers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fractional cholesterol efflux.

Design, Participants, and Measures

Participants [postmenopausal women and men (N = 11), 65 ± 8 years, body mass index 29.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥2.6 mmol/L] were provided with diets (60% energy from total carbohydrate, 15% from protein, 25% from fat) for 4.5 weeks in a randomized crossover design, with 2-week washout periods. The variable component was an isocaloric exchange of simple, refined, or unrefined carbohydrate–containing foods. Serum lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, and inflammatory marker concentrations were measured. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was aspirated to assess macrophage and inflammatory marker gene expression and ex vivo cytokine secretion, and PBMCs were isolated to assess ex vivo fractional cholesterol efflux.

Results

Fasting serum LDL and non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were higher after the refined compared with simple or unrefined carbohydrate–enriched diets (P < 0.01). Other serum measures, ex vivo fractional cholesterol efflux and adipose tissue gene expression and ex vivo cytokine secretion, were similar between diets.

Conclusions

Diets enriched in refined compared with simple or unrefined carbohydrate resulted in higher fasting serum LDL and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations but had little effect on other cardiometabolic risk indicators. This small study raises the intriguing possibility that refined carbohydrate may have unique adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk indicators distinct from simple and unrefined carbohydrate.
Association of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C with the ryanodine receptor channel – putative retrograde regulation?
Authors: Stanczyk Paulina J. , Seidel Monika , White Judith , Viero Cedric , George Christopher H. , Zissimopoulos Spyros , Lai F. Anthony
Published: June 2018

The cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor-Ca2+ release channel (RyR2) constitutes the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ efflux mechanism that initiates myocyte contraction, while cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C; also known as MYBPC3) mediates regulation of acto-myosin cross-bridge cycling. In this paper, we provide the first evidence for the presence of direct interaction between these two proteins, forming a RyR2–cMyBP-C complex. The C-terminus of cMyBP-C binds with the RyR2 N-terminus in mammalian cells and the interaction is not mediated by a fibronectin-like domain. Notably, we detected complex formation between both recombinant cMyBP-C and RyR2, as well as between the native proteins in cardiac tissue. Cellular Ca2+ dynamics in HEK293 cells is altered upon co-expression of cMyBP-C and RyR2, with lowered frequency of RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations, suggesting that cMyBP-C exerts a potential inhibitory effect on RyR2-dependent Ca2+ release. Discovery of a functional RyR2 association with cMyBP-C provides direct evidence for a putative mechanistic link between cytosolic soluble cMyBP-C and SR-mediated Ca2+ release, via RyR2. Importantly, this interaction may have clinical relevance to the observed cMyBP-C and RyR2 dysfunction in cardiac pathologies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
PAI1 blocks NMDA receptor-mediated effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator on cell signaling and physiology
Authors: Gonias Steven L. , Banki Michael A. , Gilder Andrew S. , Azmoon Pardis , Campana Wendy M. , Mantuano Elisabetta
Published: June 2018

The fibrinolysis proteinase tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA, also known as PLAT) triggers cell signaling and regulates cell physiology. In PC12 cells, Schwann cells and macrophages, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) mediates tPA signaling. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1, also known as SERPINE1) is a rapidly acting inhibitor of tPA enzyme activity. Although tPA-initiated cell signaling is not dependent on its enzyme active site, we show that tPA signaling is neutralized by PAI1. In PC12 cells, PAI1 blocked the ERK1/2 activation mediated by tPA as well as neurite outgrowth. In Schwann cells, PAI1 blocked tPA-mediated ERK1/2 activation and cell migration. In macrophages, PAI1 blocked the ability of tPA to inhibit IκBα phosphorylation and cytokine expression. The cell signaling activity of tPA–PAI1 complex was rescued when the complex was formed with PAI1R76E, which binds to LRP1 with decreased affinity, by pre-treating cells with the LRP1 antagonist receptor-associated protein and upon LRP1 gene silencing. The inhibitory role of LRP1 in tPA–PAI1 complex-initiated cell signaling was unanticipated given the reported role of LRP1 as an NMDA-R co-receptor in signaling responses elicited by free tPA or α2-macroglobulin. We conclude that PAI1 functions as an in­hibitor not only of the enzyme activity of tPA but also of tPA receptor-mediated activities.
The Collaborative African Genomics Network (CAfGEN): Applying Genomic technologies to probe host factors important to the progression of HIV and HIV-tuberculosis infection in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mboowa Gerald , Mwesigwa Savannah , Katagirya Eric , Retshabile Gaone , Mlotshwa Busisiwe C. , Williams Lesedi , Kekitiinwa Adeodata , Kateete David , Wampande Eddie , Wayengera Misaki , Kintu Betty Nsangi , Kisitu Grace P. , Kyobe Samuel , Brown Chester W. , Hanchard Neil A. , Mardon Graeme , Joloba Moses , Anabwani Gabriel , Pettitt Ed , Tsimako-Johnstone Masego , Kasvosve Ishmael , Maplanka Koketso , Mpoloka Sununguko W. , Hlatshwayo Makhosazana , Matshaba Mogomotsi
Published: June 2018

Background: Here, we describe how the Collaborative African Genomics Network (CAfGEN) of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) consortium is using genomics to probe host genetic factors important to the progression of HIV and HIV-tuberculosis (TB) coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa.   The H3Africa was conceived to facilitate the application of genomics technologies to improve health across Africa..         

Methods: CAfGEN is an H3Africa collaborative centre comprising expertise from the University of Botswana; Makerere University; Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Clinical Centers of Excellence (COEs) in Botswana, Uganda, and Swaziland; as well as Baylor College of Medicine, Texas. The COEs provide clinical expertise for community engagement, participant recruitment and sample collection while the three University settings facilitate processing and management of genomic samples and provide infrastructure and training opportunities to sustain genomics research.

Results: The project has focused on utilizing whole-exome sequencing to identify genetic variants contributing to extreme HIV disease progression phenotypes in children, as well as RNA sequencing and integrated genomics to identify host genetic factors associated with TB disease progression among HIV-positive children. These cohorts, developed using the COEs’ electronic medical records, are exceptionally well-phenotyped and present an unprecedented opportunity to assess genetic factors in individuals whose HIV was acquired by a different route than their adult counterparts in the context of a unique clinical course and disease pathophysiology.

Conclusions: Our approach offers the prospect of developing a critical mass of well-trained, highly-skilled, continent-based African genomic scientists. To ensure long term genomics research sustainability in Africa, CAfGEN contributes to a wide range of genomics capacity and infrastructure development on the continent, has laid a foundation for genomics graduate programs at its institutions, and continues to actively promote genomics research through innovative forms of community engagement brokered by partnerships with governments and academia to support genomics policy formulation.
A threshold model for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling specificity and cell fate determination
Authors: Zinkle Allen , Mohammadi Moosa
Published: June 2018

Upon ligand engagement, the single-pass transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) dimerize to transmit qualitatively and quantitatively different intracellular signals that alter the transcriptional landscape and thereby determine the cellular response. The molecular mechanisms underlying these fundamental events are not well understood. Considering recent insights into the structural biology of fibroblast growth factor signaling, we propose a threshold model for RTK signaling specificity in which quantitative differences in the strength/longevity of ligand-induced receptor dimers on the cell surface lead to quantitative differences in the phosphorylation of activation loop (A-loop) tyrosines as well as qualitative differences in the phosphorylation of tyrosines mediating substrate recruitment. In this model, quantitative differences on A-loop tyrosine phosphorylation result in gradations in kinase activation, leading to the generation of intracellular signals of varying amplitude/duration. In contrast, qualitative differences in the pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation on the receptor result in the recruitment/activation of distinct substrates/intracellular pathways. Commensurate with both the dynamics of the intracellular signal and the types of intracellular pathways activated, unique transcriptional signatures are established. Our model provides a framework for engineering clinically useful ligands that can tune receptor dimerization stability so as to bias the cellular transcriptome to achieve a desired cellular output.
Copycat Layout: Network layout alignment via Cytoscape Automation
Authors: Settle Brett , Otasek David , Morris John H , Demchak Barry
Published: June 2018

The copycatLayout app is a network-based visual differential analysis tool that improves upon the existing layoutSaver app and is delivered pre-installed with Cytoscape, beginning with v3.6.0. LayoutSaver cloned a network layout by mapping node locations from one network to another based on node attribute values, but failed to clone view scale and location, and provided no means of identifying which nodes were successfully mapped between networks. Copycat addresses these issues and provides additional layout options.

With the advent of Cytoscape Automation (packaged in Cytoscape v3.6.0), researchers can utilize the Copycat layout and its output in workflows written in their language of choice by using only a few simple REST calls. Copycat enables researchers to visually compare groups of homologous genes, generate network comparison images for publications, and quickly identify differences between similar networks at a glance without leaving their script. With a few extra REST calls, scripts can discover nodes present in one network but not in the other, which can feed into more complex analyses (e.g., modifying mismatched nodes based on new data, then re-running the layout to highlight additional network changes).
Empresa e direitos humanos: governança corporativo e capitalismo consciente como instrumentos de proteção | Business and Human Rights: Corporate Governance and conscious capitalism as instruments of protection
Authors: Dalcastel Marcia Bataglin , Alonso Pedro Moreira , Ferreira Yuri Da Costa Campos
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho visa abordar a questão das possíveis relações entre a adoção de boas práticas de governança corporativa e o alinhamento das companhias aos ditames do capitalismo consciente com a responsabilidade internacional das mesmas na promoção dos Direitos Humanos, tendo por base o Pacto Global e os Princípios Norteadores de Direitos Humanos e Empresas elaborado pela Organização das Nações, mais conhecidos como Princípios Ruggie.
INFLUÊNCIA DO AGREGADO MIÚDO RECICLADO NA RESISTÊNCIA À COMPRESSÃO E POROSIDADE DO CONCRETO
Authors: Di Domenico Paula , Lima Tainá Tamara , Castro Martha Nascimento , Castro Rodrigo Martinez
Published: June 2018

A crescente geração de resíduos de construção e demolição vem trazendo preocupação e aumentando sua importância quanto à economia, ao meio ambiente e a saúde da população. Como forma de minimizar esses problemas, a utilização de agregados reciclados produzidos a partir desses resíduos garante que novos concretos e argamassas sejam produzidos reduzindo os impactos ao meio ambiente e financeiros, sem perda de performance das misturas. Vários estudos já foram realizados mostrando que é possível a utilização dos resíduos de construção e demolição como agregados para produção de concreto, argamassa, blocos de pavimentação, entre outros. Com o ensaio de granulometria padronizou-se o agregado miúdo reciclado afim de que fosse produzido novo concreto tendo como análise seu comportamento quanto a resistência à compressão e permeabilidade. No programa experimental seguiu-se as normas para moldagem dos corpos-de-prova de concreto, rompimento dos corpos-de-prova e determinação da absorção de água do concreto no estado endurecido. De modo geral, os resultados de análise para a resistência apresentaram valores satisfatórios para concreto com substituição de agregado miúdo retido na peneira de 300µm e a absorção de água foi maior para todos os tratamentos que possuem agregado reciclado. Conclui-se que o uso do resíduo de construção e demolição como forma de agregado miúdo para a confecção de novos concretos é possível e garante resultados de resistência à compressão satisfatórios.
All-terrain tots
Authors: Weinstein Nicole
Published: June 2018

It's hard, physical work for babies and young infants to be outdoors all day, but they are rising to the challenge at Millie's Garden in Bristol, Nicole Weinstein discovers
Sound control
Authors: Crown Hannah
Published: June 2018

The creator of The Greenfield Method tells Hannah Crown how it is teaching children self-regulation and other life skills through the production of sound
Hit the trail
Authors: Weinstein Nicole
Published: June 2018

Two settings, one urban and one rural, explain how their Forest School provision works. By early years expert Nicole Weinstein
Síndrome de Burnout: Estudo com Professores da Rede Pública da Cidade de Farroupilha no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Moreira Danielle Lima , Brito Lucas Charão , Obregon Sandra Leonara , Tolfo Ribas Fábio Teodoro , Dias Lopes Luis Felipe
Published: June 2018

A síndrome de burnoutcostuma ser identificada em profissionais que trabalham diretamente com outras pessoas, como é o caso dos professores. Sendo assim, o estudo tem por objetivo analisar as dimensões da síndrome de burnoutem professores da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Farroupilha, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi composta por 262 professores atuantes em 28 escolas municipais de Farroupilha, sendo que metodologicamente o estudo classifica-se por ter abordagem quantitativa, de natureza descritiva, utilizando para a coleta de dados o instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) na forma Educators Survey (ES), MBI-ES, criado exclusivamente para a identificação da síndrome em professores. Os resultados evidenciam baixo nível de exaustão e despersonalização, e alto nível de realização profissional nos professores, ou seja, não foram percebidos sinais da síndrome de burnoutna amostra pesquisada.
Aposentadoria Gerencial Feminina: Um Estudo sobre a Realocação do Poder
Authors: Valadares Karen Marinho , Marra Adriana Ventola , Pinheiro Alexandre Santos
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as transformações ocorridas na identidade de mulheres gerentes após sua aposentadoria. A fase da aposentadoria envolve uma série de mudanças que mexem com a identidade dos sujeitos. Além da perda do trabalho, essas mulheres contam com a questão da perda dos dispositivos de poder que seu cargo lhes oferecia. Esta pesquisa teve caráter qualitativo e investigou mulheres aposentadas que ocupavam cargos gerenciais em organizações localizadas na Macrorregião de Pará de Minas (MG) e seus respectivos familiares. Foi utilizada a Análise de Discurso. Como resultados principais, destacam-se tentativas de evitar ou minimizar as rupturas da aposentadoria, dificuldades de adaptação, centralidade do trabalho e a busca por continuarem sentindo-se úteis.
Intersecções, Diálogos e Distanciamentos entre e Teoria da Atividade e a Psicologia Social Comunitária Latino-Americana: Contribuições à Aprendizagem Organizacional
Authors: Rodrigues Paniza Maurício Donavan , Cassandre Marcio Pascoal
Published: June 2018

A aprendizagem organizacional é um campo de pesquisa marcado por uma diversidade de possibilidades teóricas e epistemológicas. Entre elas, estão as abordagens teóricas que subsidiam a realização de pesquisas intervencionistas. O argumento central que norteia a pesquisa intervencionista é que não é suficiente que o pesquisador compreenda o mundo, é preciso agir para transformá-lo. A partir disso, este ensaio reflete sobre as possibilidades de contribuição à pesquisa em aprendizagem organizacional a partir da adoção das abordagens da Teoria da Atividade Histórico-Cultural e da Psicologia Social Comunitária Latino-americana, que podem subsidiar pesquisas intervencionistas em Estudos Organizacionais. Nessas abordagens, a aprendizagem organizacional é compreendida como o processo transformativo ocorrido pelos sujeitos da atividade, pelo pesquisador articulador do aprendizado e pela comunidade das organizações pesquisadas; portanto, todos são coautores do conhecimento produzido.
Formação Docente em Administração: Um Estudo Bibliométrico
Authors: Maranhão Carolina Machado Saraiva de Albuquerque , Maranhão Roberto Kaehler de Albuquerque , Ferreira Rafael Fernandes , Fernandes Talita Almeida , Dutra Isadora Iannini Cota
Published: June 2018

No Brasil, existe uma carência de políticas de formação dos professores do curso de Administração, por parte do governo e das organizações de ensino superior em Administração. O propósito central do trabalho é investigar o que se pesquisa no campo de formação de professores de Administração no Brasil. Segundo o Censo de Educação Superior de 2015, o curso de Administração encontra-se entre os cursos com maior número de estudantes do país. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho se justifica apresentando como se organiza e desenvolve os estudos sobre formação de professor. Um levantamento quantitativo e uma análise bibliométrica sobre formação docente foram feitos nos principais congressos e revistas de Administração nos últimos 14 anos. Através desses dados, realizou-se uma análise sobre os avanços e descobertas feitas até o momento, bem como apresentaram-se as principais conclusões obtidas sobre o tema.  Observa-se a pouca discussão e estudo sobre formação docente em Administração.