bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 pandemic among adult population in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Yoseph Amanuel , Tamiso Alemu , Ejeso Amanuel
Published: January 2021

Introduction

COVID-19 incidence is increasing and different measures have been adopted to control the spread of the pandemic in Ethiopia. Among these measures, enhancing the knowledge, positive attitudes, and proper practices of prevention measures about the disease is a basic strategy to control it. However, community compliance to control measures is largely dependent on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19.

Objective

To assess the current level of KAP towards COVID-19 pandemic and predictors among the rural dwellers in Sidama regional state, Southern Ethiopia; 2020.

Methods

This community-based prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from May 1–30, 2020 on a sample of 1,278 adult populations in Sidama regional state, Southern Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to choice the study participants. The data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. We have entered data using Epi data version 3.1 and all analyses were done using SPSS version 25. KAPs scores of study participants based on their independent variables were compared using Chi-square test, t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) as required. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with KAP. The important assumptions of the logistic regression model were checked to be satisfied. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the existence and strength of associations.

Results

From a total of 1,214 study participants, the overall attained knowledge, attitude and practice score about COVID-19 were 90%, 82.4% and 65%, respectively. Among these, 43.9%, 37.5%, and 24.4% of the study participants had demonstrated good knowledge, high attitude and proper practice, respectively. The mean knowledge scores were significantly different between sex, categories of marital status, educational levels, main occupation, and the monthly income quintiles of the study participants (p<0.05). Similarly, the mean attitude scores significantly varied across educational levels, main occupations and marital status (p<0.05). Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, main occupation of the government employees, education level of diploma and above, highest and second highest wealth rank were positively associated with COVID-19 prevention and control practice.

Conclusions

The majority of study participants had showed good knowledge and optimistic attitude toward COVID-19. But, the level of practice lower than that expected to maximize effective control measures. Further public education interventions and community sensitization campaigns are required for rural adult population in the Sidama regional state, Ethiopia.
Live visualisation of electrolytes during mouse embryonic development using electrolyte indicators
Authors: Fujishima Akiko , Takahashi Kazumasa , Goto Mayumi , Hirakawa Takeo , Iwasawa Takuya , Togashi Kazue , Maeda Eri , Shirasawa Hiromitsu , Miura Hiroshi , Sato Wataru , Kumazawa Yukiyo , Terada Yukihiro
Published: January 2021

Studies have shown that some electrolytes, including Na+ and K+, play important roles in embryonic development. However, these studies evaluated these electrolytes by using inhibitors or knockout mice, with no mention on the changes in the intracellular electrolyte concentrations during embryogenesis. In this study, we used the electrolyte indicators CoroNa Green AM and ION Potassium Green-2 AM to directly visualise intracellular concentrations of Na+ and K+, respectively, at each embryonic developmental stage in mouse embryos. We directly observed intracellular electrolyte concentrations at the morula, blastocyst, and hatching stages. Our results revealed dynamic changes in intracellular electrolyte concentrations; we found that the intracellular Na+ concentration decreased, while K+ concentration increased during blastocoel formation. The degree of change in intensity in response to ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+/K+ ATPase, was considered to correspond to the degree of Na+/K+ ATPase activity at each developmental stage. Additionally, after the blastocyst stage, trophectoderm cells in direct contact with the blastocoel showed higher K+ concentrations than in direct contact with inner cell mass, indicating that Na+/K+ ATPase activity differs depending on the location in the trophectoderm. This is the first study to use CoroNa Green AM and ION Potassium Green-2 AM in mouse embryos and visualise electrolytes during embryonic development. The changes in electrolyte concentration observed in this study were consistent with the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase reported previously, and it was possible to image more detailed electrolyte behaviour in embryo cells. This method can be used to improve the understanding of cell physiology and is useful for future embryonic development studies.
Safety of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis using propensity score matching
Authors: Cheng Ke , Liu Wei , You Jiaying , Shah Shashi , Cai Yunqiang , Wang Xin , Peng Bing
Published: January 2021

Currently, safety of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) in patients with liver cirrhosis is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore postoperative morbidity and mortality and long-term outcomes of cirrhotic patients after LPD. The study was a one-center retrospective study comprising 353 patients who underwent LPD between October 2010 and December 2019. A total of 28 patients had liver cirrhosis and were paired with 56 non-cirrhotic counterparts through propensity score matching (PSM). Baseline data, intra-operative data, postoperative data, and survival data were collected. Postoperative morbidity was considered as primary outcome whereas postoperative mortality, surgical parameters (operative durations, intraoperative blood loss), and long-term overall survival were secondary outcomes. Cirrhotic patients showed postoperative complication rates of 82% compared with rates of patients in the control group (48%) (P = 0.003). Further, Clavien-Dindo ≥III complication rates of 14% and 11% (P = 0.634), Clavien-Dindo I-II complication rates of 68% and 38% (P = 0.009), hospital mortality of 4% and 2% (P = 0.613) were observed for cirrhotic patients and non-cirrhotic patients, respectively. In addition, an overall survival rate of 32 months and 34.5 months (P = 0.991), intraoperative blood loss of 300 (200–400) ml and 150 (100–250) ml (P<0.0001), drain amount of 2572.5 (1023.8–5275) ml and 1617.5 (907.5–2700) ml (P = 0.048) were observed in the cirrhotic group and control group, respectively. In conclusion, LPD is associated with increased risk of postoperative morbidity in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, the incidence of Clavien-Dindo ≥III complications and post-operative mortality showed no significant increase. In addition, liver cirrhosis showed no correlation with poor overall survival in patients who underwent LPD. These findings imply that liver cirrhosis patients can routinely be considered for LPD at high volume centers with rigorous selection and management.
Impacts of long-term inorganic and organic fertilization on phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics in red paddies in southern China
Authors: Ahmed Waqas , Jing Huang , Kailou Liu , Ali Sehrish , Tianfu Han , Geng Sun , Jin Chen , Qaswar Muhammad , Jiangxue Du , Mahmood Sajid , Akbar Maitlo Ali , Haider Khan Zulqarnain , Zhang Huimin , Chen Di-Yun
Published: January 2021

Soil phosphorus (P) adsorption and desorption occur in an important endogenous cycle linked with soil fertility problems and relevant to the environmental risk assessment of P. In our study, the effect of long-term inorganic and organic fertilization on P adsorption and desorption characteristics in relation to changes in soil properties was evaluated by selecting three long-term experimental sites in southern China. The selected treatments at each site were CK (unfertilized), NPK (synthetic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and NPKM (synthetic NPK plus manure). The adsorption and desorption characteristics of P were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results showed that long-term application of NPK plus manure significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total P and available P at all three sites compared with the NPK and CK treatments. All three treatments fit these equations well. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of P increased with NPKM treatment, and the binding energy of P (K) and the maximum buffering capacity (MBC) showed increasing trends. NPKM showed the highest Qm (2346.13 mg kg-1) at the Jinxian site, followed by Nanchang (221.16 mg kg-1) and Ningxiang (2219.36 mg kg-1). Compared to CK and NPK, the NPKM treatment showed a higher MBC as 66.64, 46.93 and 44.39 L kg-1 at all three sites. The maximum desorption capacity (Dm) of P in soil was highest with the NPKM treatment (157.58, 166.76, 143.13 mg kg-1), showing a better ability to release P in soil. The correlation matrix showed a significant positive correlation of SOC, total and available P with Qm, Dm and MBC. In conclusion, it is suggested that manure addition is crucial to improve P utilization in red paddy soils within the recommended range to avoid the risk of environmental pollution.
Infection of porcine small intestinal enteroids with human and pig rotavirus A strains reveals contrasting roles for histo-blood group antigens and terminal sialic acids
Authors: Guo Yusheng , Candelero-Rueda Rosario Adriana , Saif Linda Jean , Vlasova Anastasia Nickolaevna
Published: January 2021

Rotaviruses (RVs) are a leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young children and livestock worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that host cellular glycans, such as histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and sialic acids (SA), are recognized by the RV surface protein VP4. However, a mechanistic understanding of these interactions and their effects on RV infection and pathogenesis is lacking. Here, we established a porcine crypt-derived 3D intestinal enteroids (PIEs) culture system which contains all intestinal epithelial cells identified in vivo and represents a unique physiologically functional model to study RV-glycan interactions in vitro. PIEs expressing different HBGAs (A+, H+, and A+/H+) were established and isolation, propagation, differentiation and RV infection conditions were optimized. Differentiated PIEs were infected with human RV (HRV) G1P[8] Wa, porcine RV (PRV) G9P[13], PRV Gottfried G4P[6] or PRV OSU G5P[7] virulent and attenuated strains and virus replication was measured by qRT-PCR. Our results indicated that virulent HRV G1P[8] Wa replicated to the highest titers in A+ PIEs, while a distinct trend was observed for PRV G9P[13] or G5P[7] with highest titers in H+ PIEs. Attenuated Wa and Gottfried strains replicated poorly in PIEs while the replication of attenuated G9P[13] and OSU strains in PIEs was relatively efficient. However, the replication of all 4 attenuate strains was less affected by the PIE HBGA phenotypes. HBGA synthesis inhibitor 2-F-Peracetyl-Fucose (2F) treatment demonstrated that HBGAs are essential for G1P[8] Wa replication; however, they may only serve as a cofactor for PRVs G9P[13] and OSU G5P[7]. Interestingly, contrasting outcomes were observed following sialidase treatment which significantly enhanced G9P[13] replication, but inhibited the growth of G5P[7]. These observations suggest that some additional receptors recognized by G9P[13] become unmasked after removal of terminal SA. Overall, our results confirm that differential HBGAs-RV and SA-RV interactions determine replication efficacy of virulent group A RVs in PIEs. Consequently, targeting individual glycans for development of therapeutics may not yield uniform results for various RV strains.
Temporally integrated single cell RNA sequencing analysis of PBMC from experimental and natural primary human DENV-1 infections
Authors: Waickman Adam T. , Friberg Heather , Gromowski Gregory D. , Rutvisuttinunt Wiriya , Li Tao , Siegfried Hayden , Victor Kaitlin , McCracken Michael K. , Fernandez Stefan , Srikiatkhachorn Anon , Ellison Damon , Jarman Richard G. , Thomas Stephen J. , Rothman Alan L. , Endy Timothy , Currier Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2021

Dengue human infection studies present an opportunity to address many longstanding questions in the field of flavivirus biology. However, limited data are available on how the immunological and transcriptional response elicited by an attenuated challenge virus compares to that associated with a wild-type DENV infection. To determine the kinetic transcriptional signature associated with experimental primary DENV-1 infection and to assess how closely this profile correlates with the transcriptional signature accompanying natural primary DENV-1 infection, we utilized scRNAseq to analyze PBMC from individuals enrolled in a DENV-1 human challenge study and from individuals experiencing a natural primary DENV-1 infection. While both experimental and natural primary DENV-1 infection resulted in overlapping patterns of inflammatory gene upregulation, natural primary DENV-1 infection was accompanied with a more pronounced suppression in gene products associated with protein translation and mitochondrial function, principally in monocytes. This suggests that the immune response elicited by experimental and natural primary DENV infection are similar, but that natural primary DENV-1 infection has a more pronounced impact on basic cellular processes to induce a multi-layered anti-viral state.
A host receptor enables type 1 pilus-mediated pathogenesis of Escherichia coli pyelonephritis
Authors: McLellan Lisa K. , McAllaster Michael R. , Kim Arthur S. , Tóthová Ľubomíra , Olson Patrick D. , Pinkner Jerome S. , Daugherty Allyssa L. , Hreha Teri N. , Janetka James W. , Fremont Daved H. , Hultgren Scott J. , Virgin Herbert W. , Hunstad David A.
Published: January 2021

Type 1 pili have long been considered the major virulence factor enabling colonization of the urinary bladder by uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC). The molecular pathogenesis of pyelonephritis is less well characterized, due to previous limitations in preclinical modeling of kidney infection. Here, we demonstrate in a recently developed mouse model that beyond bladder infection, type 1 pili also are critical for establishment of ascending pyelonephritis. Bacterial mutants lacking the type 1 pilus adhesin (FimH) were unable to establish kidney infection in male C3H/HeN mice. We developed anin vitromodel of FimH-dependent UPEC binding to renal collecting duct cells, and performed a CRISPR screen in these cells, identifying desmoglein-2 as a primary renal epithelial receptor for FimH. The mannosylated extracellular domain of human DSG2 bound directly to the lectin domain of FimHin vitro, and introduction of a mutation in the FimH mannose-binding pocket abolished binding to DSG2. In infected C3H/HeN mice, type 1-piliated UPEC and Dsg2 were co-localized within collecting ducts, and administration of mannoside FIM1033, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of FimH, significantly attenuated bacterial loads in pyelonephritis. Our results broaden the biological importance of FimH, specify the first renal FimH receptor, and indicate that FimH-targeted therapeutics will also have application in pyelonephritis.
ANALISIS KUALIFIKASI DAN KOMPETENSI PEMIMPIN PADA INSTITUSI PERPUSTAKAAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Anwar Ahmad , Asrofi Badrun , Ermawati Devi , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: January 2021

Library in Indonesia is now facing a crisis of leadership where the leader of library is dominated by people who are not librarian. This condition is not in accordance with government regulation number 24, 2014 article 39. There are two assumption arouse regarding this issue, first is on the regulation on election of Head Library and the second one is on the librarian who doesn't have competence to be chosen as Head of Library. Seeing this phenomenon, it is important to study on what qualification and competence needed to be the head of library in Indonesia. Hopefully with this study, we will have the head of library who’s having a good qualification and competence in the field. This study employ literature methodology, which studying literature on qualification and competence of Head of Library. The result is that the qualification for head of library in province and district is at least Bachelor degree of diploma with minimum 5 years of experience in the field of library. While head of national library or university library, the minimum educational background is at least master degree with 10 years of experience in library field. For the point on competence of head of library, there are no exact regulation to regulate this from The National Library Committee. From some concept, writer proposes four basic competence which the candidate should have, which are planning, decision making, communication, and giving motivation.
Library Automation System of Academic Libraries: A Multicultural Paradigm
Authors: Asid Benhur Abdulaup
Published: January 2021

This research was conceived to create a picture of the Library Automation System of Academic Libraries in Zamboanga City. The study was premised on null hypotheses which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative research design employing descriptive survey method was used. In the selection of respondents, the systematic random sampling was also employed and the five (5) point likert-type questionnaire-checklist was utilized. The findings revealed that the extent of library automation system in terms of: Administration and Staffing: Facilities, and Services of the (3) three Higher Education Institutions (HEls) involved was found that it is moderately implemented. However, HEIs from public institution showed undesirable results in some areas compared to HEIs from private institution, where the library automation system has been helpful in facilitating loaning services in a multicultural level of clientele. The significant differences among institutions do exist in the library services offered showing that the respondents have their own library services needed to satisfy their needs. It also shows that Academic Libraries are for technological advancement using different library automation systems for different reasons to facilitate library transactions. However, the posited null hypothesis is accepted where all average responses are from 3.40 to 4.19 criteria, implying that whatever ethnic profile respondents belong (multicultural clientele), their responses were similar and were rated within the satisfactory criteria. Therefore, multicultural clientele is not a factor of having poor utilization in the transformation of library services using the Library Automation System. Based on the findings, the full implementation of the library automation system, upgrading of library technology tools and e-resources, creating a functional and interactive library web page, and designing innovative library programs using social media tools to support the educational system with diverse clientele were recommended.
Typology of The Coastal Countryside in Supporting Development of North Coast Region in West Java
Authors: Raharja Apriadi Budi , Aji Supratognyo , Syarifudin Deden
Published: January 2021

The pressure from rapid development causes condition of resources and living quality to be less than ideal for future development. The economic characteristics of northern coast regions of West Java commonly deals with fish farm, ground fish catch, industrial area, ship repair, and tourist. This study aimed to reveal the typology of rural area, north coast of West Java province. The analysis used was multivariate to identify a group of objects that have the semblance of a characteristic parameter based on natural resources and human resources. Research locus on six counties that consist of 124 identified villages is a village along northern coast of West Java. Based on analysis of rural typology, four of the rural types were found, namely; typology 1 (comprised 55 villages); typology 2 (48 villages); typology 3 (10 villages); typology 4 (11 villages). Coastal villages of Pantura have a fast transition, However the transition occurred tends to shape village’s characteristic and still unable to improve service quality and quality of life of rural communities.
Identifikasi Spasial Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Permukiman Kumuh di Kota Bekasi
Authors: Wijayanti Retno , Sutandi Atang , Pravitasari Andrea Emma
Published: January 2021

Bekasi City is buffer city for Jakarta City which have high attraction for people to urbanize. It have consequences of the emergence of many urban areas issues such as slum area. The slums handling by the government has been running intensively since 2016. Objectives of the study were 1) Analyze of spatial distribution patterns in slum area in Bekasi City 2) Analyze of key factors which affects slum area in Bekasi City. Data were analyzed using spatial analysis, i.e Moran Index analysis, spatial mean center analysis, spatial standart deviation analysis, multiple linear regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The result of the analysis showed that the spatial pattern of slum areas in Bekasi City in 2016 and 2018 has changed. The Morans Index analysis in 2016 showed that the spatial pattern of the slum distributuon was clustered pattern, whereas in 2018 was random pattern. The spatial mean center and standart deviation ellips analysis showed that the slums moving towards southern of Bekasi City. The influenced factor of slum in 2016 was the number of low income people. Meanwhile in 2018, it were the number of of slums in each district, the percentage of poor children who does not attending school, the value of district development index, the number of low income people and the percentage of residential buildings that does not own building permit. The GWR results showed the five factors above have different effects on each location. Based on the result of the study showed that the slums is not only influenced by the physical factors but alson non physical factors caused the percentage of slum families increasing in Bekasi City.
Climate Sensitive Urban Design pada Kawasan Pecinan Kota Semarang
Authors: Kurniati Rina , Kurniawati Wakhidah , Dewi Diah Intan Kusumo , Islamey Talitha Zuleika
Published: January 2021

The Chinatown area is a historic area that has a high building density and has a grid-shaped pattern due to its function as trade and services. The various designations of the area function so that the high activity is carried out outside the room, especially on weekends. This study aims to provide direction for environmental management in the Chinatown area of Semarang City as an effort to mitigate climate change disasters with the concept of Climate Sensitive Urban Design. Data obtained by field observations then identified the Building Coverage Ratio (BCR) and floor area Ratio (FAR). Measurement of air temperature, wind speed and humidity is carried out in the morning, afternoon and evening. Simulated data using ArcGis 10.3 to test the thermal comfort. Based on that, the Chinatown is classified as Uncomfortable area more than 27 ° C. The microclimate of the Chinatown area is influenced by landuse, building, and the frequency of traffic. So the concept of the climate sensitive urban design is suitable for the Chinatown area with optimization of the potted plants, hanging plants on the canopy, vine vegetation on walls and use public transportation modes to the area.
Experimental Study on Embankment Failure Law and Reinforcement Technology for Highway Widening Project over Silt Soils
Authors: Lv Gao-hang , Cui Wei , Zhang Qian-qing , Wu Shi-qian , Wang Shu-jian
Published: January 2021

In the highway widening project, it is of great importance to take measures to control the differential settlement between the new and old embankment, therefore improving the stability of the new embankment. This article presents a series of model tests to analyze the failure law of the new embankment and compare the reinforcement effects of different reinforcement technologies. The test results show that the new embankment is unstable because of the slope slippage under ultimate load. In the reinforcement test of gravel pile, reaming phenomenon occurred at the top of the pile, and both of the values in pavement settlement and embankment lateral deformation are similar to those of the unreinforced embankment. In the geogrid reinforcement test, the embankment settlement can be reduced by restricting the lateral deformation of the new embankment with geogrid, where the settlement is 41 % less than that of the unreinforced scenario. In the cement fly ash gravel (CFG) reinforcement test, the pavement load is transferred to a deeper layer of the embankment by CFG piles, a soil arch effect with the surrounding soil is formed to restrict the lateral deformation and slippage, and the pavement settlement is 46 % less than that of the unreinforced scenario. According to the test results, the order of effectiveness for the reinforcement methods is CFG piles > geogrid > gravel pile.
Direct Structural Connections between Auditory and Visual Motion-Selective Regions in Humans
Authors: Gurtubay-Antolin Ane , Battal Ceren , Maffei Chiara , Rezk Mohamed , Mattioni Stefania , Jovicich Jorge , Collignon Olivier
Published: January 2021

In humans, the occipital middle-temporal region (hMT+/V5) specializes in the processing of visual motion, while the planum temporale (hPT) specializes in auditory motion processing. It has been hypothesized that these regions might communicate directly to achieve fast and optimal exchange of multisensory motion information. Here we investigated, for the first time in humans (male and female), the presence of direct white matter connections between visual and auditory motion-selective regions using a combined fMRI and diffusion MRI approach. We found evidence supporting the potential existence of direct white matter connections between individually and functionally defined hMT+/V5 and hPT. We show that projections between hMT+/V5 and hPT do not overlap with large white matter bundles, such as the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the inferior frontal occipital fasciculus. Moreover, we did not find evidence suggesting the presence of projections between the fusiform face area and hPT, supporting the functional specificity of hMT+/V5–hPT connections. Finally, the potential presence of hMT+/V5–hPT connections was corroborated in a large sample of participants (n= 114) from the human connectome project. Together, this study provides a first indication for potential direct occipitotemporal projections between hMT+/V5 and hPT, which may support the exchange of motion information between functionally specialized auditory and visual regions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPerceiving and integrating moving signal across the senses is arguably one of the most important perceptual skills for the survival of living organisms. In order to create a unified representation of movement, the brain must therefore integrate motion information from separate senses. Our study provides support for the potential existence of direct connections between motion-selective regions in the occipital/visual (hMT+/V5) and temporal/auditory (hPT) cortices in humans. This connection could represent the structural scaffolding for the rapid and optimal exchange and integration of multisensory motion information. These findings suggest the existence of computationally specific pathways that allow information flow between areas that share a similar computational goal.
Insulin Bidirectionally Alters NAc Glutamatergic Transmission: Interactions between Insulin Receptor Activation, Endogenous Opioids, and Glutamate Release
Authors: Fetterly Tracy L. , Oginsky Max F. , Nieto Allison M. , Alonso-Caraballo Yanaira , Santana-Rodriguez Zuleirys , Ferrario Carrie R.
Published: January 2021

Human fMRI studies show that insulin influences brain activity in regions that mediate reward and motivation, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Insulin receptors are expressed by NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs), and studies of cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons suggest that insulin influences excitatory transmission via presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. However, nothing is known about how insulin influences excitatory transmission in the NAc. Furthermore, insulin dysregulation accompanying obesity is linked to cognitive decline, depression, anxiety, and altered motivation that rely on NAc excitatory transmission. Using whole-cell patch-clamp and biochemical approaches, we determined how insulin affects NAc glutamatergic transmission in nonobese and obese male rats and the underlying mechanisms. We find that there are concentration-dependent, bidirectional effects of insulin on excitatory transmission, with insulin receptor activation increasing and IGF receptor activation decreasing NAc excitatory transmission. Increases in excitatory transmission were mediated by activation of postsynaptic insulin receptors located on MSNs. However, this effect was due to an increase in presynaptic glutamate release. This suggested feedback from MSNs to presynaptic terminals. In additional experiments, we found that insulin-induced increases in presynaptic glutamate release are mediated by opioid receptor-dependent disinhibition. Furthermore, obesity resulted in a loss of insulin receptor-mediated increases in excitatory transmission and a reduction in NAc insulin receptor surface expression, while preserving reductions in transmission mediated by IGF receptors. These results provide the first insights into how insulin influences excitatory transmission in the adult brain, and evidence for a previously unidentified form of opioid receptor-dependent disinhibition of NAc glutamatergic transmission.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTData here provide the first insights into how insulin influences excitatory transmission in the adult brain, and identify previously unknown interactions between insulin receptor activation, opioids, and glutamatergic transmission. These data contribute to our fundamental understanding of insulin's influence on brain motivational systems and have implications for the use of insulin as a cognitive enhancer and for targeting of insulin receptors and IGF receptors to alter motivation.
Identification of TOR‐responsive slow‐cycling neoblasts in planarians
Authors: Molinaro Alyssa M , Lindsay‐Mosher Nicole , Pearson Bret J
Published: January 2021

Epimorphic regeneration commonly relies on the activation of reserved stem cells to drive new cell production. The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is among the best regenerators in nature, thanks to its large population of adult stem cells, called neoblasts. While neoblasts have long been known to drive regeneration, whether a subset of neoblasts is reserved for this purpose is unknown. Here, we revisit the idea of reserved neoblasts by approaching neoblast heterogeneity from a regulatory perspective. By implementing a new fluorescence‐activated cell sorting strategy in planarians, we identify a population of neoblasts defined by low transcriptional activity. These RNAlow neoblasts are relatively slow‐cycling at homeostasis and undergo a morphological regeneration response characterized by cell growth at 48 h post‐amputation. At this time, RNAlow neoblasts proliferate in a TOR‐dependent manner. Additionally, knockdown of the tumour suppressor Lrig‐1, which is enriched in RNAlow neoblasts, results in RNAlow neoblast growth and hyperproliferation at homeostasis, and ultimately delays regeneration. We propose that slow‐cycling RNAlow neoblasts represent a regeneration‐reserved neoblast population.
Die Mitarbeiterbeteiligung für das 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Naumer Hans-Jörg
Published: January 2021

Nach einer Weile des Dornröschen-Schlafes scheint die Mitarbeiterbeteiligung wieder zurück zu sein auf der politischen Agenda. Motivation und Bindung von Mitarbeitern/innen, Förderung der Start-up-Kultur, Stärkung der Altersvorsorge und des Vermögensaufbaus sowie die Verringerung der Ungleichheit sind die Treiber. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in den Stand der Diskussion und einen Ausblick wie sich die Mitarbeiterbeteiligung als Grundstein in eine holistische Förderung der Vermögensbildung einfügen könnte.
Sabbaticals
Authors: Martin Thomas A. , Mühlbauer Martina
Published: January 2021

Langzeitbeurlaubungen in Form von Sabbaticals bieten sowohl für Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter als auch für Unternehmen die Möglichkeit, beiderseitig Nutzen zu stiften. Während die Beschäftigten durch eine längerfristige Freistellung ihre Work-Life-Balance verbessern, lassen sich gleichzeitig aus der Perspektive des Personalmanagements positive ökonomische Effekte generieren.
Kommunikationsmodelle für das Tagesgeschäft in der Unternehmenspraxis
Authors: Khabyuk Olexiy
Published: January 2021

Kommunikation im Unternehmensalltag wird zunehmend komplexer. Um die alten und neuen Herausforderungen, von Kommunikationsstörungen über neue Kommunikationskanäle und bis hin zu Social Media, besser zu begreifen, können Kommunikationsmodelle helfen.
Financial Leadership at Lonza
Authors: Savitzky Rodolfo J. , Möller Klaus
Published: January 2021

Lonza Group AG, based in Basel, Switzerland, manufactures active pharmaceutical ingredients, biotechnology products organic, fine chemicals and biocides. The Company offers custom chemical manufacturing and fermentation processing and manufactures its products for the life sciences, pharmaceuticals, food processing, and agricultural industries. Founded in 1897 Lonza has grown into a global chemicals and biotechnology business. The Company operates on 120 sites and offices in more than 35 countries with 15,500 full-time employees. In 2019, Lonza generated sales of CHF 5.9 bn with a CORE EBITDA of CHF 1.6 bn.
Вплив напруг σ5, σ6 і електричного поля E1 на термодинамічні характеристики сегнетоактивних матеріалів GPI
Authors: Vdovych A.S. , Zachek I.R. , Levitskii R.R.
Published: January 2021

Для дослiдження ефектiв, що виникають пiд дiєю зовнiшнiх зсувних напруг q5, q6 i електричного поля E1, використано модифiковану модель кристала GPI шляхом врахування п’єзоелектричного зв’язку структурних елементiв, якi впорядковуються, з деформацiями
Digitaria insularis control by using herbicide mixtures application in soybean pre-emergence
Authors: Bauer Felipe Eduardo , Albrecht Alfredo Junior Paiola , Albrecht Leandro Paiola , Silva André Felipe Moreira , Barroso Arthur Arrobas Martins , Danilussi Maikon Tiago Yamada
Published: January 2021

Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is one of the main weeds in the soybean crop. In order to control its growth, an increase of herbicide rates is required to simplify its management as it a plant with high vegetative capacity and seed production. It implies to select the herbicide-resistent Digitaria insularis biotypes. Nevertheless, some information is still contrasting the antagonist of synthetic auxinic herbicides, associated with glyphosate and ACCase inhibitors mixtures, for the control of weeds resistant or tolerant to herbicides. This study aimed to evaluate the D. insularis control, with a mixture of herbicides applied in soybean pre-emergence, with sequential application in soybean post-emergence, and to check possible antagonism between ACCase inhibitors herbicides with synthetic auxins and other latifolicides. The experiment was conducted in Palotina, Paraná (Brazil) and Corpus Christi, Canindeyú, (Paraguay.) The treatments consisted of associations of glyphosate, ACCase inhibitors (clethodim, haloxyfop), and latifolicides (2,4-D, triclopyr, dicamba, carfentrazone, saflufenacil, chlorimuron). A randomized block design was used. Only in Palotina, the weed control was satisfactory after sequential application in post-emergence. An antagonism for all synthetic auxins was observed with glyphosate+clethodim or haloxyfop mixtures, in both locations. As a result, in Palotina an efficacious control of perennial D. insularis was found in pre-emergence burndown for some mixtures such as glyphosate+ACCase inhibitor added to carfentrazone, saflufenacil, or chlorimuron. Antagonism was observed for all synthetic auxins, in both locations. In Corpus Christi, the herbicide associations were not effective, even with the postemergence application in soybean of glyphosate+clethodim. With ineffective control for treatments composed with synthetic auxins, the post-emergence application in soybean increased the weed control with satisfactory final controls for all treatments.
Restructuring service at a mastology outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Santos Cristina Poliana Rolim Saraiva dos , Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho , Silva Denise Montenegro da , Castro Régia Christina Moura Barbosa
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience of a health team in restructuring service at a mastology outpatient clinic. Methods: an experience report in a public university service mastology outpatient in Ceará between March and April 2020. Service in this outpatient clinic is exclusively for women and who have breast changes for surgical treatments ranging from nodulectomies to mastectomies with oncoplastic. Results: increased COVID-19 cases brought the need to restructure healthcare services. The following steps were followed: identification of scheduled patients, reading of clinical developments in electronic medical records, individual assessment to define whether or not appointment would remain, telephone contact to inform about unscheduling. Among the 555 consultations scheduled for March and April 2020, 316 (56.9%) were maintained. Final considerations: restructuring consultations at a mastology outpatient clinic optimized the waiting time for consultations and avoided crowds at service, providing patient safety.
Morphological characterization and productivity estimates of Acrocomia totai Mart. (Arecaceae) – a sustainable alternative of extractivism and cultivation
Authors: Vianna Suelen Alves , Domenech Helen Liepkan Maranhão , Silva Rosa Helena da , Colombo Carlos Augusto , Pott Arnildo
Published: January 2021

Abstract The Acrocomia totai palm can be found in areas of Cerrado and Pantanal in Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. Its fruits are used by traditional and rural communities for subsistence or income source. Given the relevance of this genetic resource, we assessed the morphological and agronomic characters and estimated the population density in two physiognomies of the Pantanal. We found variation in all analyzed characters, such as the density of spines on the stipe, coloration of leaves, epicarp and mesocarp. The average number of fruits per bunch was 392.30±134.53, fresh mass (g) of the whole fruit of 15.50±3.87 and, the mesocarp oil content (%) of 14.94±8.06. The population density varied between 48 pls.ha-1 in area of shrubby grassland to 287 pls.ha-1 in open grassland. We estimated yields per hectare of 8.65 t of fruits, 4.77 t of pulp and 270 kg of oil in areas of shrubby grassland and 1.45 t of fruits, 0.8 t of pulp and 50 kg of oil in areas of open grassland. The data demonstrate the potential of profitable exploitation of the species in extractive or cultivation. The variation found can be useful for the genus taxonomy, breeding and conservation programs.
Endogenia acadêmica: insights sobre a pesquisa brasileira
Authors: Pelegrini Tatiane , França Marco Túlio Aniceto
Published: January 2021

Resumo Este artigo analisa a endogenia acadêmica nas universidades públicas brasileiras, definida como a prática de recrutamento em que as universidades contratam os seus próprios doutorandos após a conclusão de seus estudos. Nesse sentido, foram utilizados dados dos docentes que atuam em grupos de pesquisa e o número de publicações em periódicos internacionais e nacionais, bem como o número de alunos de doutorado orientados como proxies da produtividade científica e da sobreposição das atividades de ensino e pesquisa. Por meio da aplicação de um modelo binomial negativo logit hurdle, os indivíduos que não são endógenos publicam ao menos um artigo internacional, mais artigos nacionais e possuem menos orientandos de doutorado. Contudo, não é possível afirmar categoricamente que os não endógenos são mais produtivos, uma vez que as diferentes áreas científicas possuem culturas disciplinares e de difusão distintas e o mercado de trabalho acadêmico brasileiro passa por uma fase de transição.
Crédito do BNDES, dependência de finança externa, e intensidade de P&D nos setores da indústria brasileira (1998-2014)
Authors: Souza Eduardo Correia de , Ribeiro Priscila Fernandes , Mattos Eduardo Souza
Published: January 2021

Resumo Este trabalho busca testar se o BNDES desempenha um papel compensando potenciais imperfeições no mercado de crédito no que diz respeito a investimentos em P&D. Para isso, propomos uma análise de regressão com interação inspirada em Maskus et al. (2012). Utilizamos dados de 22 setores das indústrias extrativa e de transformação no Brasil, tendo como fontes principais a PINTEC, o BNDES e a PIA, compreendendo 6 triênios a partir de 1998 até 2014. Nossos resultados oferecem algum suporte para a hipótese de um papel positivo do BNDES: o crédito do BNDES está mais positivamente correlacionado com a intensidade de P&D em setores da indústria e períodos em que é maior a dependência de capital (financeiro) externo.
Determinantes da cifra oculta do crime no Brasil: uma análise utilizando os dados da PNAD 2009
Authors: Caetano Fábio Massaúd , Ribeiro Felipe Garcia , Yeung Luciana , Ghiggi Marina Portella
Published: January 2021

Resumo Este artigo estima a cifra oculta para os crimes de furto, roubo e agressão física (lesão corporal) no Brasil com dados da PNAD de 2009. As taxas de cifra oculta são estimadas para diversos grupos demográficos, econômicos e sociais. Posteriormente, estima-se um modelo de regressão probit a fim de identificar os principais determinantes da cifra oculta para cada crime especificado. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que em média 62,55% das ocorrências de roubo, furto e agressão física não chegam aos registros polícias e pessoas com menor grau escolaridade e faixa etária contribuem de maneira geral para o aumento da cifra oculta. Estes e os demais resultados obtidos contribuem diretamente nas políticas de segurança pública, bem como para obtenção de estatísticas do crime e contribuem para a pesquisa em análise econômica do direito.
Indicador de desenvolvimento institucional municipal: impactos sobre a economia dos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Leão Lucas , Ribeiro Hilton Manoel Dias , Bastos Suzana Quinet de Andrade , Hermeto Ana Maria
Published: January 2021

Resumo Diante das disparidades socioeconômicas regionais no Brasil e das teorias que defendem o papel das instituições no desenvolvimento econômico, o presente estudo contempla dois objetivos complementares. O primeiro é avaliar a performance institucional dos municípios por meio da elaboração de um indicador de desenvolvimento institucional; o segundo é compreender o impacto desse indicador sobre o produto interno bruto per capita municipal. Para tanto, uma combinação de técnica de análise multivariada e de Mínimos Quadrados em Dois Estágios (MQ2E) para a estimação do Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) é utilizada. Os resultados sugerem que o indicador tem efeito positivo sobre o nível do PIB per capita dos municípios brasileiros.
Impacto do ENOS na Variabilidade da Coluna Total de Ozônio Sobre a Região Nordeste do Brasil - Parte 2: La Niña Canônico e Modoki
Authors: Lima Daniel Milano Costa de , Nunes Mateus Dias , Mariano Glauber Lopes
Published: January 2021

Resumo Este estudo apresenta a segunda etapa da avaliação espaço-temporal das tendências a longo prazo nos valores da Coluna Total de Ozônio (CTO) sobre o Nordeste Brasileiro (NEB) durante a atuação do modo de variabilidade atmosférica El Niño - Oscilação Sul (ENOS), com foco na fase La Niña (modalidades Canônica e Modoki). O objetivo é analisar a variação anual e os efeitos desse fenômeno na região de estudo no período entre 1997 e 2018. Os dados utilizados são provenientes de sensoriamento remoto, gerados pelos sensores Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) e Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), disponibilizados pela National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), e analisados através de médias, valores de anomalias e diagramas hovmoller. Foi constatado que eventos La Niña provocam, predominantemente, aumento na concentração de ozônio sobre o NEB. Nos períodos de atuação desse modo de variabilidade a desaceleração da Circulação Brewer-Dobson (CBD) é causada pela intensificação dos ventos alísios gerando acúmulo de ozônio na região tropical. Entre as duas modalidades, fenômenos Modoki apresentam esse efeito mais intensificado. O maior (+6,5) e menor (-3,0) valor médio mensal de anomalia obtidos ocorreram durante sua atuação, registrados na região norte do NEB em julho e setembro, respectivamente.
Religiosidade e Funcionamento Mental em Idosos Portugueses: Uma Perspetiva Sociopsicológica
Authors: Margaça Clara , Rodrigues Donizete
Published: January 2021

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a religiosidade e o funcionamento mental em idosos portugueses. Os instrumentos metodológicos utilizados foram: um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Orientação Religiosa-R e o Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). Os resultados da análise mostraram que, embora sem uma relação estatisticamente relevante entre religiosidade e funcionamento mental de uma forma geral, existem, no entanto, diferenças significativas entre a frequência de participação em celebrações religiosas e melhores níveis de funcionamento mental.
Cognitive Abilities, Debt, Roads and their Impact on Deaths in Traffic in Brazil
Authors: Mazzei Rodrigo Focosi , Batista Camila Lemos , Antonelli-Ponti Mayra , Fukusima Sérgio Sheiji , Silva José Aparecido da
Published: January 2021

Abstract Deaths in traffic represent a global and multicausal problem. We verified, through a linear regression model, that cognitive abilities (CA) and population indebtedness (PI) predict, together, 56% of the variation of death rates in the traffic (DT) of the twenty-seven states of Brazil. CA’s are related to a greater control of the attention and, possibly, to a greater compliance with norms for preventing traffic accidents, has a greater impact than PI on DT, since PI associates to only one deficit of people's attention resources. The decrease of PI and the improvement of CA can decrease DT.
Diagrammatic scales for the estimation of black node disease severity in common bean
Authors: Montero Yuranis Miranda , Rivera Linda Rincón , Gutiérrez Luz Nayibe Garzón
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to design two diagrammatic scales for the evaluation of black node disease (Stagonosporopsis hortensis and Boeremia spp.) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The developed scales corresponded to logarithmic intervals (SADL) of seven levels and equal intervals (SADE) of nine levels. These scales were compared to the scale developed by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), which corresponds to a descriptive scale (NoSAD). In the scale validation the accuracy, precision, and concordance of repeatability were determined using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, whereas inter-rater reproducibility was determined by the overall concordance correlation coefficient (OCCC). It was observed that with the use of the proposed scales, reproducibility and repeatability were significantly improved for inexperienced raters, and reproducibility was improved in the case of experienced raters. Thus, the designed standard area diagrams with equal and logarithmic intervals are a useful tool for estimating severity under field and experimental conditions as part of the study of this patho-system.