bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear vibration response of a helicopter supercritical tail rotor drive shaft equipped with a dry friction damper
Authors: Song Liyao , Chen Bai , Li Bo , Zhu Rupeng , Wang Dan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The supercritical design of tail rotor drive shaft has attracted more attention in helicopter design due to its high power–weight ratio and low maintenance cost. However, there exists excessive vibration when the shaft passes through the critical frequency. Dry friction damper is the equipment applied to the drive shaft to suppress the excessive vibration. In order to figure out the damping mechanism of the dry friction damper and improve the damping efficiency, the dynamic model of the shaft/damper system is established based on the Jeffcott rotor model.

Design/methodology/approach

The typical frequency response of the system is studied through bifurcation diagrams, amplitude-frequency characteristic curves and waterfall frequency response spectrum. The typical transient responses under frequency sweeps are also obtained.

Findings

The results show that the response of the system changes from periodic no-rub motion to quasi-periodic rub-impact motion, and then to synchronous full annular rub-impact, and finally, back to periodic no-rub motion. The slip of the rub-impact ring improves the stability of the system. Besides, the effects of the system parameters including critical dry friction force, rub-impact friction coefficient, initial clearance on the stability and the vibration damping capacity are studied. It is observed that the stability changes significantly varying the three parameters respectively. The vibration damping capacity is mainly affected by the critical dry friction force and the initial clearance.

Originality/value

Presented results provide guidance for the design of the dry friction damper.
Social innovation: relationships with social and human capitals, entrepreneurial competencies and growth of social enterprises in a developing country context
Authors: Pansuwong Wanniwat , Photchanachan Sarana , Thechatakerng Pusanisa
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine capital and competency variables – human capital, social capital and personal entrepreneurial competencies – in relation to social innovation development and growth of social enterprises in a developing country with an emerging social enterprise sector: Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

A hypothetical-deductive approach was adopted and a quantitative survey by questionnaire was applied to collect data from owners/top management of 103 social enterprises in Thailand. The data were used to test hypotheses and further analysed using partial least squares technique.

Findings

The results revealed that there were positive direct and indirect (mediating) relationships between human capital, social capital, personal entrepreneurial competencies and social innovation development and growth of Thai social enterprises. Skills and training were key determinants of human capital, whereas social interaction, trust, social identification and shared knowledge were key determinants of social capital which affected social innovation development. Goal orientation, information seeking, opportunity seeking, persuasion and self-confidence were key determinants of entrepreneurial competencies that also affected social innovation development. This study ultimately revealed the mediating effects of social innovation development on the relationships between capital and competency variables and the growth of social enterprises.

Originality/value

This study fills the research gap, from the theoretical perspective, by identifying capital and competency variables as well as their additional determinants that are divergent from previous literature, which can potentially influence the social innovation development of social enterprises, and where only limited research is evidenced. From an empirical perspective, this study attempts to investigate the associations between these variables and growth indicators in the context of social enterprises in a developing nation, where its sector is in its infancy. This study further helps to clarify the existence of the direct and indirect (mediating) effects of social innovation development in the context of the economic and social accomplishments of social enterprises.
Drivers of community assembly change during succession in wood‐decomposing beetle communities
Authors: Seibold Sebastian , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Ambarlı Didem , Gossner Martin M. , Mori Akira S. , Cadotte Marc W. , Hagge Jonas , Bässler Claus , Thorn Simon
Published: November 2022

The patterns of successional change of decomposer communities is unique in that resource availability predictably decreases as decomposition proceeds. Saproxylic (i.e. deadwood‐dependent) beetles are a highly diverse and functionally important decomposer group, and their community composition is affected by both deadwood characteristics and other environmental factors. Understanding how communities change with faunal succession through the decomposition process is important as this process influences terrestrial carbon dynamics.

Here, we evaluate how beta‐diversity of saproxylic beetle communities change with succession, as well as the effects of different major drivers of beta‐diversity, such as deadwood tree species, spatial distance between locations, climate and forest structure.

We studied spatial beta‐diversity (i.e. dissimilarity of species composition between deadwood logs in the same year) of saproxylic beetle communities over 8 years of wood decomposition. Our study included 379 experimental deadwood logs comprising 13 different tree species in 30 forest stands in Germany. We hypothesized that the effects of tree species dissimilarity, measured by phylogenetic distance, and climate on beta‐diversity decrease over time, while the effects of spatial distance between logs and forest structure increase.

Observed beta‐diversity of saproxylic beetle communities increased over time, whereas standardized effects sizes (SES; based on null models) of beta‐diversity decreased indicating higher beta‐diversity than expected during early years. Beta‐diversity increased with increasing phylogenetic distance between tree species and spatial distance among regions, and to a lesser extent with spatial distance within regions and differences in climate and forest structure. Whereas effects of space, climate and forest structure were constant over time, the effect of phylogenetic distance decreased.

Our results show that the strength of the different drivers of saproxylic beetle community beta‐diversity changes along deadwood succession. Beta‐diversity of early decay communities was strongly associated with differences among tree species. Although this effect decreased over time, beta‐diversity remained high throughout succession. Possible explanations for this pattern include differences in decomposition rates and fungal communities between logs or the priority effect of early successional communities. Our results suggest that saproxylic beetle diversity can be enhanced by promoting forests with diverse tree communities and structures.
Populist parties and the two‐dimensional policy space
Authors: HUBER ROBERT A. , JANKOWSKI MICHAEL , JUEN CHRISTINA‐MARIE
Published: November 2022

How are parties' ideological positions and levels of populism connected? Existing research either advocates for a U‐shaped relationship between parties' left‐right position and their degree of populism or uses specific dimensions of a two‐dimensional policy space to describe right‐wing populist parties. We provide an integrated perspective to describe parties' degree of populism by arguing that populism is higher when parties put strong emphasis on a collectivist host ideology. This has implications on how these ideologies relate to the two‐dimensional policy space. Combined with salience of policy dimensions, such a perspective allows for a better understanding of the occurrence of populism among right‐ and left‐wing populist parties. Using expert survey data on parties in Europe, we find strong and robust empirical support for the expected patterns.
Notation, Performance, and the Significance of Print in the Music of Ignatius Sancho (c. 1729–1780)1
Authors: Cypess Rebecca
Published: November 2022

The posthumously published correspondence of the Black British writer, butler, musician, and shopkeeper Ignatius Sancho (c. 1729–1780) has received extensive critical attention in recent decades, especially because it contributed to opening a space for Black authorship in the Atlantic world. Absent from discussions of Sancho's negotiation of orality, writing, and print have been Sancho's books of musical compositions—the volumes published during his lifetime, apparently with his involvement and oversight. Consideration of his instrumental dance music within the context of the genres in which he wrote reveals that he navigated the boundary between orality and print deliberately and meaningfully. His musical notation engages with the sentimental style, and his explicit use of French horns—extremely rare or perhaps unique among eighteenth‐century publications of dance music for small ensembles—refers to the presence of Black musicians in Britain. By engaging with and subverting conventions of musical notation and print, Sancho's music points beyond itself, guiding the reader or listener from the notated scores to the ineffable, transient sounds of the eighteenth‐century Black experience.
Operationalising sustainability? Why sustainability fails as an investment criterion for safeguarding the future
Authors: Friederich Simon , Symons Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Policy instruments promoting sustainability, such as investment taxonomies, are playing an increasing role in guiding the allocation of financial resources internationally. But can policy instruments define sustainability in ways that are both operational (i.e. assessable via replicable procedures) and which specify practices that can reliably be expected to enhance future generations' welfare? This paper analyses candidate definitions of sustainability and identifies a dilemma: while various definitions identify a ‘capital’ variable whose value can indeed be determined empirically; we have no reason to assume that preservation of any specific capital variable will maximise expected future welfare. By contrast, sustainability can be defined ‘dynamically’ in terms of activities that will, on expectation, lead to future developmental trajectories with high welfare. But, as we show through discussion of concrete examples, ‘dynamic sustainability’ cannot readily be operationalised. We conclude that what qualifies as ‘sustainable’ will remain a subject of political dispute and that authoritative comprehensive assessments of ‘sustainability’ will remain chimeric. We suggest that selecting a narrow class of specific measures, such as of life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions, might lead to more effective and less contentious approaches to resource allocation.
Clinical significance of interstitial lung abnormalities and immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced interstitial lung disease in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Murata Daiki , Azuma Koichi , Matama Goushi , Zaizen Yoshiaki , Matsuo Norikazu , Murotani Kenta , Tokito Takaaki , Hoshino Tomoaki
Published: November 2022

Background

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are known to be a risk of drug‐induced pneumonitis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between ILAs and immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related interstitial lung disease (ICI‐ILD). We retrospectively investigated the clinical significance of ILAs in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving ICIs.

Methods

We defined ILAs as nondependent abnormalities affecting more than 5% of any lung zone, including ground‐glass or diffuse centrilobular nodularities, traction bronchiectasis, honeycombing, and nonemphysematous cysts. Early‐onset ICI‐ILD was defined as developing within 3 months after the initiation of ICI administration.

Results

Of 264 patients with advanced NSCLC, 57 patients (21.6%) had ILAs (43 fibrotic and 14 nonfibrotic ILAs). The difference between the incidence of ICI‐ILD in patients with or without ILAs was not significant. Of 193 patients treated by ICI monotherapy, 18 (9.3%) developed early‐onset ICI‐ILD. Among patients receiving ICI monotherapy, the incidence of early‐onset ICI‐ILD was significantly higher in patients with than in patients without nonfibrotic ILAs.

Conclusion

The presence of nonfibrotic ILAs is a significant risk for early‐onset ICI‐ILD in patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI monotherapy. Clinicians should be aware of ILAs, especially nonfibrotic ILAs, before administering ICIs to lung cancer patients.
The environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyl 126, alters liver function in a rodent model of alcohol‐associated liver disease
Authors: Gripshover Tyler C. , Wahlang Banrida , Head Kimberly Z. , Young Jamie L. , Luo Jianzhu , Mustafa Muhammad T. , Kirpich Irina A. , Cave Matthew C.
Published: November 2022

Background

The prevalence of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD), a subtype of fatty liver disease (FLD), continues to rise. ALD is a major cause of preventable death. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 126 is an environmentally relevant, dioxin‐like pollutant whose negative metabolic effects have been well documented. In human and animal studies, PCB has been associated with the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, few studies have investigated whether exposures to environmental toxicants can worsen ALD. Thus, the objective of the current study was to develop an alcohol‐plus‐toxicant model to study how an environmental pollutant, PCB 126, impacts rodent ALD pathology.

Methods

Briefly, male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 0.2 mg/kg PCB 126 or corn oil vehicle four days prior to ethanol feeding using the chronic‐binge (10‐plus‐one) model.

Results

Concentrations of macromolecules, including hepatic lipids, carbohydrates, and protein (albumin) were impacted. Exposure to PCB 126 exacerbated hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in mice exposed to the chemical and fed an ethanol diet. Gene expression and the analysis of blood chemistry showed a potential net increase and retention of hepatic lipids and reductions in lipid oxidation and clearance capabilities. Depletion of glycogen and glucose was evident, which contributes to disease progression by generating systemic malnutrition. Granulocytic immune infiltrates were present but driven solely by ethanol feeding. Hepatic albumin gene expression and plasma levels were decreased by ~50% indicating a potential compromise of liver function. Finally, gene expression analyses indicated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and constitutive androstane receptor were activated by PCB 126 and ethanol, respectively.

Conclusions

Various environmental toxicants are known to modify or enhance FLD in high‐fat diet models. Findings from the present study suggest that they interact with other lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption to reprogram intermediary metabolism resulting in exacerbated ethanol‐associated systemic malnutrition in ALD.
Crohn's disease shared decision making intervention leads to more patients choosing combination therapy: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zisman‐Ilani Yaara , Thompson Kimberly D. , Siegel Lori S. , Mackenzie Todd , Crate Damara J. , Korzenik Joshua R. , Melmed Gil Y. , Kozuch Patricia , Sands Bruce E. , Rubin David T. , Regueiro Miguel D. , Cross Raymond , Wolf Douglas C. , Hanson John S. , Schwartz Ronald M. , Vrabie Raluca , Kreines Michael D. , Scherer Timothy , Dubinsky Marla C. , Siegel Corey A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Crohn's disease requires effective patient‐clinician communication for successful illness and medication management. Shared decision making (SDM) has been suggested to improve communication around early intensive therapy. However, effective evidence‐based SDM interventions for Crohn's disease are lacking, and the impact of SDM on Crohn's disease decision making and choice of therapy is unclear.

Aim

To test the impact of SDM on choice of therapy, quality of the decision and provider trust compared to standard Crohn's disease care.

Methods

We conducted a multi‐site cluster randomised controlled trial in 14 diverse gastroenterology practices in the US.

Results

A total of 158 adult patients with Crohn's disease within 15 years of their diagnosis, with no prior Crohn's disease complications, and who were candidates to receive immunomodulators or biologics, participated in the study. Among these, 99 received the intervention and 59 received standard care. Demographics were similar between groups, although there were more women assigned to standard care, and a slightly shorter disease duration among those in the intervention group. Participants in the intervention group more frequently chose combination therapy (25% versus 5% control, p < 0.001), had a significantly lower decisional conflict (p < 0.05) and had greater trust in their provider (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

With rapidly expanding medication choices for Crohn's disease and slow uptake of early intensive therapy, SDM can personalise treatment strategies and has the potential to move the field of Crohn's disease management forward with an ultimate goal of consistently treating this disease early and intensively in appropriate patients.

Trial Registration: Evaluating a Shared Decision Making Program for Crohn's Disease, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02084290 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02084290.
Benefits of laparoscopic trans‐hiatal approach with Heller–Dor surgery in a case of mid‐esophageal diverticulum
Authors: Ueno Shuhei , Ogawa Ryo , Saito Masaki , Ito Sunao , Hayakawa Shunsuke , Okubo Tomotaka , Sagawa Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tatsuya , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Mitsui Akira , Kimura Masahiro , Takiguchi Shuji
Published: November 2022

Compared to the more common epiphrenic diverticula, those located at the central section of the esophagus are quite rare. Minimally invasive approaches for mid‐esophageal diverticula have lacked standardization. Certain mid‐esophageal diverticula, like epiphrenic diverticula, have been attributed to esophageal motility disorders. Thus, we believe that surgery for esophageal diverticula requires preoperative evaluation of esophageal function, with additional surgery being performed in case of abnormalities. The laparoscopic trans‐hiatal approach has been a common technique for managing epiphrenic diverticula but can also be used for mid‐esophageal diverticula located far from the esophagogastric junction provided that the port location is carefully considered. Laparoscopic surgery is also preferable given that it is a minimally invasive procedure and allows for diverticulum resection and Heller myotomy and Dor surgery to prevent reflux in the same field of view. Hence, laparoscopic surgery may be a beneficial alternative to the traditional thoracic or thoracoabdominal techniques.
Bipolar I and bipolar II subtypes in older age: Results from the Global Aging and Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder (GAGE‐BD) project
Authors: Beunders Alexandra J. M. , Klaus Federica , Kok Almar A. L. , Schouws Sigfried N. T. M. , Kupka Ralph W. , Blumberg Hilary P. , Briggs Farren , Eyler Lisa T. , Forester Brent P. , Forlenza Orestes V. , Gildengers Ariel , Jimenez Esther , Mulsant Benoit H. , Patrick Regan E. , Rej Soham , Sajatovic Martha , Sarna Kaylee , Sutherland Ashley , Yala Joy , Vieta Eduard , Villa Luca M. , Korten Nicole C. M. , Dols Annemieke
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The distinction between bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) and bipolar II disorder (BD‐II) has been a topic of long‐lasting debate. This study examined differences between BD‐I and BD‐II in a large, global sample of OABD, focusing on general functioning, cognition and somatic burden as these domains are often affected in OABD.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted with data from the Global Aging and Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder (GAGE‐BD) database. The sample included 963 participants aged ≥50 years (714 BD‐I, 249 BD‐II). Sociodemographic and clinical factors were compared between BD subtypes including adjustment for study cohort. Multivariable analyses were conducted with generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and estimated associations between BD subtype and (1) general functioning (GAF), (2) cognitive performance (g‐score) and (3) somatic burden, with study cohort as random intercept.

Results

After adjustment for study cohort, BD‐II patients more often had a late onset ≥50 years (p = 0.008) and more current severe depression (p = 0.041). BD‐I patients were more likely to have a history of psychiatric hospitalization (p < 0.001) and current use of anti‐psychotics (p = 0.003). Multivariable analyses showed that BD subtype was not related to GAF, cognitive g‐score or somatic burden.

Conclusion

BD‐I and BD‐II patients did not differ in terms of general functioning, cognitive impairment or somatic burden. Some clinical differences were observed between the groups, which could be the consequence of diagnostic definitions. The distinction between BD‐I and BD‐II is not the best way to subtype OABD patients. Future research should investigate other disease specifiers in this population.
Religious preferences in healthcare: A welfarist approach
Authors: Crisp Roger
Published: November 2022

This paper offers a general approach to ethics before considering its implications for the question of how to respond to religious preferences in healthcare, especially those of patients and healthcare workers. The first section outlines the two main components of the approach: (1) demoralizing, that is, seeking to avoid moral terminology in the discussion of reasons for action; (2) welfarism, the view that our ultimate reasons are grounded solely in the well‐being of individuals. Section 2 elucidates the notion of religious preferences and describes the history and importance of their protection by human rights legislation. The following section defends the ‘Preference Principle’, according to which there is a reason to satisfy any preference (in so far as that satisfaction advances well‐being). Section 4 discusses the implications of this principle for religious preferences in healthcare, again seeking to bring out the special social and political importance of respect, and respect for such preferences in particular. The paper ends with a brief description of how to approach such problems from the perspective of a demoralized welfarism.
Clinical implementation of integrated molecular‐morphologic risk prediction for meningioma
Authors: Hielscher Thomas , Sill Martin , Sievers Philipp , Stichel Damian , Brandner Sebastian , Jones David T. W. , von Deimling Andreas , Sahm Felix , Maas Sybren L. N.
Published: November 2022

Risk prediction for meningioma tumors was until recently almost exclusively based on morphological features of the tumor. To improve risk prediction, multiple models have been established that incorporate morphological and molecular features for an integrated risk prediction score. One such model is the integrated molecular‐morphologic meningioma integrated score (IntS), which allocates points to the histological grade, epigenetic methylation family and specific copy‐number variations. After publication of the IntS, questions arose in the neuropathological community about the practical and clinical implementation of the IntS, specifically regarding the calling of CNVs, the applicability of the newly available version (v12.5) of the brain tumor classifier and the need for incorporation of TERT‐promoter and CDKN2A/B status analysis in the IntS calculation. To investigate and validate these questions additional analyses of the discovery (n = 514), retrospective validation (n = 184) and prospective validation (n = 287) cohorts used for IntS discovery and validation were performed. Our findings suggest that any loss over 5% of the chromosomal arm suffices for the calling of a CNV, that input from the v12.5 classifier is as good or better than the dedicated meningioma classifier (v2.4) and that there is most likely no need for additional testing for TERT‐promoter mutations and/or homozygous losses of CDKN2A/B when defining the IntS for an individual patient. The findings from this study help facilitate the clinical implementation of IntS‐based risk prediction for meningioma patients.
Associations between dimensions of mental health literacy and adolescent help‐seeking intentions
Authors: Goodfellow Claire , Macintyre Anna , Knifton Lee , Sosu Edward
Published: November 2022

Background

The majority of long‐term mental health problems begin during adolescence. Low mental health literacy (MHL) may impede help‐seeking for these problems. Although MHL is a multidimensional construct and adolescent help‐seeking can be through formal and informal means, little is known about how dimensions of MHL influence these help‐seeking intentions. This study examines associations between dimensions of MHL and formal and informal help‐seeking intentions among adolescents. It also investigates whether informal help‐seeking mediates the association between dimensions of MHL and formal help‐seeking, and whether these associations are moderated by gender.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey including measures of MHL, and help‐seeking intentions was distributed to participants in 10 schools (12–17 years) across Scotland (n = 734). Data were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).

Results

Confirmatory Factor Analyses identified two distinct dimensions of MHL: ability to identify a mental health problem, and knowledge of treatment efficacy. Only knowledge of treatment efficacy was associated with increased intention to seek formal and informal help. Ability to identify a mental health problem was negatively associated with both forms of help‐seeking intentions. Informal help‐seeking mediated the association between both forms of MHL and formal help‐seeking. Gender did not moderate the associations between MHL and help‐seeking.

Conclusions

Care should be taken when providing MHL interventions to ensure that adaptive forms of MHL are promoted. Future research should investigate possible mechanisms by which discrete forms of MHL influence adolescent help‐seeking as well as investigating other potential moderators of MHL and help‐seeking, such as stigma.
Hundreds of billions of silent outbreaks: A historic outbreak record of the gall midge Schizomyia castanopsisae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan, and its potential mechanism
Authors: Tokuda Makoto , Kawauchi Kota , Matsuda Hiroki , Naito Akinori , So Yoshifumi , Elsayed Ayman Khamis , Kikuchi Takeshi , Kotaka Nobuhiko
Published: November 2022

Herbivore outbreaks cause serious damage to forest trees. In recent decades, outbreaks of the gall midge Schizomyia castanopsisae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing inflorescence galls on Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae) occurred in the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan. We investigated the gall density on the islands and estimated the larval population on Miyakejima Island. We also surveyed seasonal changes in larval age structure, presence of natural enemies, larval cold tolerance, and thermal effects on the adult emergence. In addition, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses of S. castanopsisae populations among different localities. The gall density was particularly high in southern parts (from Miyakejima to Aogashima) of the Izu Islands. The gall midge seemed to have been expanding its range toward northern parts in recent years. On Miyakejima, the larval population was estimated to be approximately 158 and 36 bn in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Parasitoids were not found in the dissection of galls. A cold temperature treatment did not affect the percentage of adult emergence. Developmental zero and thermal constant during the period from larval departure to adult emergence were estimated to be 4.7°C and 588.2°C‐days in males and 7.4°C and 476.2°C‐days in females, and the adults were predicted to emerge in April. Populations in Kyushu were genetically distinct from those in Okinawajima and the Izu Islands, but a common haplotype was found between the latter two localities. These imply that S. castanopsisae on the Izu Islands may be a recent invasion, and the absence of natural enemies causes its outbreaks.
Genomic prediction of carcass traits using different haplotype block partitioning methods in beef cattle
Authors: Li Hongwei , Wang Zezhao , Xu Lei , Li Qian , Gao Han , Ma Haoran , Cai Wentao , Chen Yan , Gao Xue , Zhang Lupei , Gao Huijiang , Zhu Bo , Xu Lingyang , Li Junya
Published: November 2022

Genomic prediction (GP) based on haplotype alleles can capture quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects and increase predictive ability because the haplotypes are expected to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with QTL. In this study, we constructed haploblocks using LD‐based and the fixed number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (fixed‐SNP) methods with Illumina BovineHD chip in beef cattle. To evaluate the performance of different haplotype block partitioning methods, we constructed haploblocks based on LD thresholds (from r2 > 0.2 to r2 > 0.8) and the number of fixed‐SNPs (5, 10, 20). The performance of predictive methods for three carcass traits including liveweight (LW), dressing percentage (DP), and longissimus dorsi muscle weight (LDMW) was evaluated using three approaches (GBLUP and BayesB model based on the SNP, GHBLUP, and BayesBH models based on the haploblock, and GHBLUP+GBLUP and BayesBH+BayesB models based on the combined haploblock and the nonblocked SNPs, which were located between blocks). In this study, we found the accuracies of LD‐based and fixed‐SNP haplotype Bayesian methods outperformed the Bayesian models (up to 8.54 ± 7.44% and 5.74 ± 2.95%, respectively). GHBLUP showed a high improvement (up to 11.29 ± 9.87%) compared with GBLUP. The Bayesian models have higher accuracies than BLUP models in most scenarios. The average computing time of the BayesBH+BayesB model can reduce by 29.3% compared with the BayesB model. The prediction accuracies using the LD‐based haplotype method showed higher improvements than the fixed‐SNP haplotype method. In addition, to avoid the influence of rare haplotypes generated from haplotype construction, we compared the performance of GP by filtering four types of minor haplotype allele frequency (MHAF) (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1) under different conditions (LD levels were set at r2 > 0.3, and the fixed number of SNPs was 5). We found the optimal MHAF threshold for LW was 0.01, and the optimal MHAF threshold for DP and LDMW was 0.025.
Understanding the cultural environment of the outpatient care setting for patients with dementia receiving cancer treatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Farrington Naomi , Dantanus Katherine , Richardson Alison , Bridges Jackie
Published: November 2022

Introduction

People with dementia have poorer cancer outcomes than those without dementia, and experience inequalities in access to, and quality of, care. Outpatient environments, where radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy cancer treatments typically take place, have largely been excluded from research. This study was conducted to understand provision of treatment and support and experiences of care for people with dementia undergoing cancer treatment in the outpatient setting.

Materials and Methods

Using observation, interviews and document analysis, data were collected to scrutinize the cultural environment of ambulatory care, comprising the physical fabric of the care setting; interactions, behaviours and perceptions of those in the care setting; and the organizational, clinical and interactional processes involved in care delivery. The study was conducted in the outpatient oncology departments of two large teaching hospitals in England between January 2019 and July 2021.

Results

Data were gathered from a wide range of sources, including 15 h of observation, and interviews with patients (n = 2), caregivers (n = 7) and staff (n = 20). Evidence from this study suggests that the cultural environment of the outpatient care setting reflects and supports the standardized processing of people for cancer treatment. Dementia introduces a wider set of care requirements not catered for by this standardized treatment model and associated processes. Data showed that the needs of patients with dementia could be addressed most effectively when individualized care, as opposed to standardized care, was offered.

Conclusion

There is work to be done in outpatient cancer services to ensure responsiveness to individual patient need. This could be achieved by having an established way (or ways) of eliciting needs, preferences and expectations, a belief that a person's needs and expectations are legitimate and that effort should be made to address them, with the ability to accommodate these needs and expectations.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients and caregivers were involved in the study design and development of study materials including the interview topic guide. They also assisted with discussion and clarification of study findings.
Evaluating the role and effectiveness of co‐produced community‐based mental health interventions that aim to reduce suicide among adults: A systematic review
Authors: Hanlon Claire A. , McIlroy David , Poole Helen , Chopra Jennifer , Saini Pooja
Published: November 2022

Background

Suicide is a major public health risk requiring targeted suicide prevention interventions. The principles of co‐production are compatible with tailoring suicide prevention interventions to meet an individual's needs.

Aims

This review aimed to evaluate the role and effectiveness of co‐produced community‐based suicide prevention interventions among adults.

Methods

Four electronic databases (PsycInfo, CINAHL, MEDLINE and web of science) were systematically searched. A narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results

From 590 papers identified through searches, 14 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most included studies elicited the views and perspectives of stakeholders in a process of co‐design/co‐creation of community‐based suicide prevention interventions.

Conclusion

Stakeholder involvement in the creation of community‐based suicide prevention interventions may improve engagement and give voice to those experiencing suicidal crisis. However, there is limited evaluation extending beyond the design of these interventions. Further research is needed to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of co‐produced community‐based suicide prevention interventions.

Patient and Public Involvement

This paper is a systematic review and did not directly involve patients and/or the public. However, the findings incorporate the views and perspectives of stakeholders as reported within the studies included in this review, and the findings may inform the future involvement of stakeholders in the design, development and delivery of community‐based suicide prevention interventions for adults.
Annual Research Review: Towards a deeper understanding of nature and nurture: combining family‐based quasi‐experimental methods with genomic data
Authors: McAdams Tom A. , Cheesman Rosa , Ahmadzadeh Yasmin I.
Published: November 2022

Distinguishing between the effects of nature and nurture constitutes a major research goal for those interested in understanding human development. It is known, for example, that many parent traits predict mental health outcomes in children, but the causal processes underlying such associations are often unclear. Family‐based quasi‐experimental designs such as sibling comparison, adoption and extended family studies have been used for decades to distinguish the genetic transmission of risk from the environmental effects family members potentially have on one another. Recently, these designs have been combined with genomic data, and this combination is fuelling a range of exciting methodological advances. In this review we explore these advances – highlighting the ways in which they have been applied to date and considering what they are likely to teach us in the coming years about the aetiology and intergenerational transmission of psychopathology.
Changes in flooding in the alpine catchments of the Tarim River Basin, Central Asia
Authors: Fang Gonghuan , Li Zhi , Yang Jing , Chen Yaning , Duan Weili , Amory Charles , Wang Yunqian
Published: November 2022

Floods are one of the most affective climate‐related disasters, and climate change has altered their intensity and frequency worldwide. This study examined long‐term changes in flood characteristics (including magnitude, frequency, and timing) in 30 alpine headwaters of the large endorheic Tarim River Basin, Central Asia. The contributions of climatic factors to flood (magnitude and timing) changes were investigated using numerical experiments in combination with the random forest approach. The following results were obtained: (1) Annual maximum flood peaks increased at most stations (89% stations) during 1961–2015 with increased flood frequency. Earlier flood peaks were observed in spring with a rate of 1.38 day per decade; for other seasons, changes in the occurrence time of flood peaks showed strong spatial variability. (2) Precipitation was the dominant factor for the increased flood magnitude in most catchments of the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, and temperature played a greater role in the northern Kunlun Mountains. (3) For flood timing changes, melt level height and precipitation were the most influential factors in the alpine catchments in the Tarim River Basin. The results provide information on the spatiotemporal variations of floods and their driving factors in this alpine basin under climate change.
Race/Ethnicity Predicts School Meal Participation
Authors: Spruance Lori A. , Vo Tien
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

School meals have demonstrated positive effects on dietary habits of children and adolescents, yet opportunities to increase participation exist. Little is known about how participation differs by race/ethnicity or by acculturation levels, thus this study aims to identify acculturation and race/ethnicity on school meal participation of middle school students.

METHODS

A national convenience sample of adolescents (n = 617) was recruited to participate in a survey about acculturation and obesogenic behaviors through a Qualtrics panel. Data were analyzed in SAS version 9.4 where 2 logistic regression models were built to examine associations between school meal participation and other salient variables.

RESULTS

More than a quarter (26.2%) of participants indicated they eat school lunch daily and 17.4% eat school breakfast daily. In a multivariable model, race/ethnicity, preference for school meals, taste, convenience, cost, and parent influence were all significantly related to daily school lunch participation. Race/ethnicity, time lived outside of the United States, healthiness of school meals, preference of school meals, taste, and cost were significantly related to daily school breakfast participation.

CONCLUSIONS

This study establishes differences in participation rates by race/ethnicities and other factors. Child nutrition professionals should consider students from minoritized populations to understand their lack of participation, particularly because these students likely have poorer diets compared to whites. Additional factors should be considered for increasing participation, including cost, taste, and perceived healthiness.
Controls on determining the bulk water content of the Moon
Authors: Mallik Ananya , Schwinger Sabrina , Roy Arkadeep , Moitra Pranabendu
Published: November 2022

The Moon is much wetter than previously thought. The estimated bulk H2O concentrations based on the analyses of H2O in lunar materials show a wide range from 5 to 1650 ppm. To better constrain bulk H2O in the lunar magma ocean (LMO), we model LMO crystallization and vary DH (concentration of H2O in LMO mineral/concentration of H2O in melt), interstitial melt fraction, and initial LMO depth. We take the highest and lowest values of DH reported in the literature for the LMO minerals. We assess the bulk H2O content required in the initial magma ocean to satisfy two observational constraints: (1) H2O measured in plagioclase grains from ferroan anorthosites and (2) crustal mass from GRAIL. We find that the initial bulk LMO H2O that best explains the H2O content in crustal plagioclase is strongly dependent on DH rather than interstitial melt fractions or initial LMO depths, with a drier magma ocean (10 ppm H2O) being favored with higher DH and a wetter magma ocean (100–1000 ppm H2O) with lower DH. This underscores the importance of constraining DH specific to lunar conditions in future studies. We also demonstrate that crustal mass is not an effective hygrometer.
Nutritional content and quality of processed foods and beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain
Authors: Fernandez‐Alvarez Maria del Mar , Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo Edurne , Cachero‐Rodríguez Judit , Martin‐Payo Rubén
Published: November 2022

The advertisement of food and beverages on television and social media has been widely assessed, evidencing its powerful influence on children's dietary patterns and the development of childhood obesity. However, there is a gap in the evidence about advertisements near schools. The aim of this study was to describe and classify the nutritional quality and information of processed foods and alcoholic and non‐alcoholic beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain. A descriptive analysis was performed from September to December 2021 in the cities of Oviedo, Gijón and Avilés in the Principality of Asturias (Spain). The nutritional quality and information of processed foods or beverages advertised within a 500 m radius of schools were assessed. The Nutri‐Score system was used for the classification of the nutritional quality of products and nutritional information, calories, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates, sugars, protein and salt in 100 g or ml of each product was calculated. A total of 73.5% of the products were classified as “foods to eat less often and in small amounts,” and 22.6% and 46.3% were classified as D or E, respectively, according to the Nutri‐Score system. Finally, 57.5%, 56.4% and 78.5% of the products showed a medium to high content of fat, saturated fat and sugar, respectively. In conclusion, the food and drink advertisements surrounding schools in the assessed cities promote many products of low nutritional value, rich in fat, saturated fat and sugars, which have high obesogenic potential.
Exposing othering in nursing education praxis
Authors: Nye Caitlin M. , Canales Mary K. , Somayaji Darryl
Published: November 2022

This paper defines and analyzes the processes of “othering” as they manifest in the practice and praxis of nursing education. Othering is bound up in the establishment and reinforcement of norms, and shores up power inequities that negatively impact faculty, students, and patients. While previous analyses have addressed othering in nursing more broadly, this paper adds a consideration of the multiple processes of othering that operate within the context of nursing education spaces. Cases from recent nursing education literature are interpreted through the frameworks of exclusionary, inclusionary, and structural othering, and provide specific illustrations of the concepts described. The paper concludes by arguing for an application of norm‐critical pedagogical practice to counteract, disrupt and dismantle othering processes within nursing education.
Impact of antegrade enema initiation on healthcare utilization in pediatric patients: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Gould Michelle J. , Marcon Margaret A. , Nguyen Geoffrey C. , Benchimol Eric I. , Moineddin Rahim , Swayze Sarah , Kopp Alexander , Ratcliffe Elyanne M. , Merritt Neil , Davidson Jacob , Langer Jacob C. , Mistry Niraj , Lorenzo Armando J. , Temple Michael , Walsh Catharine M.
Published: November 2022

Background

When constipation is refractory to first‐line interventions, antegrade enema use may be considered. We aimed to assess the impact of this intervention on healthcare utilization.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based, quasi‐experimental study with pre–post comparison of the intervention group and a non‐equivalent control group using linked clinical and health administrative data from Ontario, Canada. Subjects included children (0–18 years) who underwent antegrade enema initiation from 2007 to 2020 and matched controls (4:1) from the general population. To assess the change in healthcare utilization following antegrade enema initiation, we used negative binomial generalized estimating equations with covariates selected a priori.

Key Results

One hundred thirty‐eight subjects met eligibility criteria (appendicostomy = 55 (39.9%); cecostomy tube = 83 (60.1%)) and were matched to 550 controls. There was no significant difference in the change in the rate of hospitalizations (rate ratio (RR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35–1.75), outpatient visits (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.91–1.18), or same‐day surgical procedures (RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.60–2.43) across cases in 2 years following antegrade enema initiation compared with controls. Cases had an increased rate of emergency department (ED) visits, which was not observed in controls (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11–1.79), driven in part by device‐related complications.

Conclusions and Inferences

Understanding healthcare utilization patterns following antegrade enema initiation allows for effective health system planning and aids medical decision‐making. The observed increase in ED visits for device‐related complications speaks to the need to improve preventive management to help mitigate emergency care after initiation of antegrade enemas.
Light acclimation interacts with thylakoid ion transport to govern the dynamics of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: von Bismarck Thekla , Korkmaz Kübra , Ruß Jeremy , Skurk Kira , Kaiser Elias , Correa Galvis Viviana , Cruz Jeffrey A. , Strand Deserah D. , Köhl Karin , Eirich Jürgen , Finkemeier Iris , Jahns Peter , Kramer David M. , Armbruster Ute
Published: November 2022

Understanding photosynthesis in natural, dynamic light environments requires knowledge of long‐term acclimation, short‐term responses, and their mechanistic interactions. To approach the latter, we systematically determined and characterized light‐environmental effects on thylakoid ion transport‐mediated short‐term responses during light fluctuations.

For this, Arabidopsis thaliana wild‐type and mutants of the Cl− channel VCCN1 and the K+ exchange antiporter KEA3 were grown under eight different light environments and characterized for photosynthesis‐associated parameters and factors in steady state and during light fluctuations. For a detailed characterization of selected light conditions, we monitored ion flux dynamics at unprecedented high temporal resolution by a modified spectroscopy approach.

Our analyses reveal that daily light intensity sculpts photosynthetic capacity as a main acclimatory driver with positive and negative effects on the function of KEA3 and VCCN1 during high‐light phases, respectively. Fluctuations in light intensity boost the accumulation of the photoprotective pigment zeaxanthin (Zx). We show that KEA3 suppresses Zx accumulation during the day, which together with its direct proton transport activity accelerates photosynthetic transition to lower light intensities.

In summary, both light‐environment factors, intensity and variability, modulate the function of thylakoid ion transport in dynamic photosynthesis with distinct effects on lumen pH, Zx accumulation, photoprotection, and photosynthetic efficiency.