bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of an Energy-Efficient Sensory Data Collection with Mobile Sinks Consuming Cluster Constructed Rendezvous Node
Authors: Ravichandran S. , Umamaheswari M.
Published: June 2023

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications include an arrangement of separated urban zones secured by sensor hubs (SNs) checking ecological parameters. Single-bounce exchange of information from SNs that exist in the MS’s range or overwhelming contribution of system outskirts hubs in information recovery, preparing, buffering and conveying errands. These hubs risk fast itality fatigue bringing about the loss of system availability and diminished system lifetime. Proposed framework goes for limiting the general system overhead and vitality use related with the multihop information recovery handle while additionally guaranteeing adjusted vitality utilization among SNs and delayed system lifetime. This is accomplished through building bunch structures comprised of part hubs that course their deliberate information to their doled out group head (CH). CHs perform information separating upon crude information misusing potential spatial-transient information access and forward the sifted data to fitting end hubs with adequate lingering vitality, situated in nearness to the MS’s direction. This approach fabricates a bunching structure on top of the sensor arrange. That way, high information collection proportions are conceivable since information from the hubs of a similar bunch, for the most part, are firmly connected and along these lines accumulation at each group head impressively diminishes the information sent to RNs. This thusly prompts much lower vitality utilization in the WSN and furthermore a great deal less information is cradled at RNs, diminishing so the likelihood of support floods at an RN.
EE-MAC: An Energy-Efficient MAC Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Sivanesan P. , Thangavel S.
Published: June 2023

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a network where mobile nodes communicate with each other via wireless medium directly or indirectly with the help of other nodes control. Nodes in a MANET are free to move and organize themselves in an arbitrary fashion. Energy-efficient design in MANETs is a significant challenge due to its characteristics such as distributed control, constantly changing network topology, and mobility with limited power supply. The IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol includes a power saving mechanism, but it has many limitations. A new energy-efficient MAC protocol (EE-MAC) is proposed in this paper. It is shown that EE-MAC performs better than IEEE 802.11 power saving mode and exceeds IEEE 802.11 with respect to balancing network throughput and energy savings.
Performance Analysis of Seven Level Multilevel Inverter Using Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Kiruba Samuel C. S. , Ramani K.
Published: June 2023

With the increasing concerns on energy issues, the development of renewable energy sources is becoming more and more attractive. A new kind of wind-PV hybrid generated system that comprises of wind and photovoltaic generation subsystems as input to a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter is developed in this paper. In conventional methods the inverter with solar and wind energy sources are used. In this method a seven level multilevel inverter with wind–PV hybrid generation system as input are proposed for application to remote and isolated areas. The wind and the solar light are captured in greatest degree, as well as the multilevel inverter using pulse width modulation technique is adopted. The objectives of this hybrid system are, to satisfy the load power demand and, presence of high number of output levels in inverter to maintain the dc output voltage level of the inverter to produce a nearly sinusoidal output. This reduces harmonics in inverter output voltage. This paper discusses about the control of seven-level H-bridge cascaded multilevel inverter with Fast Fourier Transform analysis in inverter output voltage through simulation. The simulated wind-PV system consists of an AC-to-DC boost converter, aDC-to-AC nverter, a photovoltaic module, and wind module. Its shown by the simulations that a multilevel inverter utilizing renewable resource has lower Total Harmonics Distortion in output voltage. In this paper comparison of conventional inverter and proposed seven level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using solar and wind energy sources are presented.
Optimised Adaptive Controller for an Interacting System
Authors: Preethi S. , Sanjeevi Gandhi A.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a method for controlling multivariable process is presented. The system under investigation is a two tank interacting process. A decoupler is designed in order to minimize the interaction effects. Then, the Model Reference Adaptive Controller is designed for the process with decoupler block. The tuning parameter is optimised using Genetic Algorithm. Optimised Model Reference Adaptive Controller was then compared with conventional controllers. The performance comparisons have been made in terms of rise time, settling time and performance criteria.
Steganographic Secure Data Communication – A Hardware Approach
Authors: Naik A. N.
Published: June 2023

Steganography is a science dealing with writing hidden messages in a particular way that only the sender & the intended recipient are able to decipher so as to provide security in open environment like internet. Steganography attempts to hide the very existence of the message and make communication undetectable. Important domains, besides classic computing, where steganography can be applied are domains using mobile and embedded devices. This paper focuses on the implementation of a steganographic algorithm on embedded devices – microcontrollers. Furthermore, this article presents experimental results obtained from testing a steganographic algorithm on embedded devices. The main purpose of implementing such an algorithm on a microcontroller is to provide security on low and medium cost mobile and other dedicated devices [1].
Conditional Power Monitoring of Domestic Loads through Human Machine Interface
Authors: John Wiselin M. C. , Aravind C. V. , Kumar Rajparthiban
Published: June 2023

A real time data acquisition system for load monitoring using human machine interface is presented. The design proposes a real time data acquisition whose parametric values are monitored and recorded for analysis purposes in a typical power system set-up. The parametric measurements includes the load voltage, load current, active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor and line current. A perfect interface design is developed using graphical system design software. The recorded data is highly helpful in power monitoring and analysis for performance evaluation. The design gets complete with a manual supervisory control based on the data acquired through the interface module.
Voltage Stability Enhancement in Power System using STATCOM based on Specific Coefficient Algorithm (SCA)
Authors: Vijayan Asha , Karthikeyan R.
Published: June 2023

The countries like India with increasing demand of electric power day by day it is difficult to expand the existing transmission system due to difficulties in right of way and cost problem in transmission network expansion. So, we need power flow controllers to increasing transmission capacity and controlling power flows Increased demands on transmission, absence of long-term planning, and the need to provide open access to generating companies and customers, all together have created tendencies toward less security and reduced quality of supply. Due to increase in demand, the transmission system becomes more stressed, which in turn, makes the system more vulnerable to voltage instability. Voltage stability plays an important role in the operation of the power system and there are major concerns about it for better utilizations of the system. Improvement in power system performance can be obtained using flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). FACTS devices are capable of the simultaneous control of the bus voltage and real and reactive power flow in transmission systems independently; but because of excessive cost, the number and the location of these devices should be indicated optimally. This paper proposes a method of optimization of STATCOM allocation based on specific coefficients algorithm (SCA) to specify the number, location and input values by minimizing the voltage indices of system buses. The proposed SCA noticeably improves the accuracy and performance of traditionally used optimization processes especially in large scale networks. This method is applied to the 14-bus IEEE standard system. The results of ordinary and new optimization algorithm have shown the great improvement in optimization process using SCA.
An Efficient Method for Color-Based Image Retrieval System
Authors: Selvam S. , Thabasukannan S.
Published: June 2023

Content-based image retrieval systems retrieve images from a database that are determined to be similar to a query image based only on features extracted from the images. This paper focuses on color-based image retrieval. We define methods to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of color-based retrieval. We have tested our system using a collection of color images and query images. Color histograms are used to extract and store the color content of the images. Our empirical results are very encouraging. The main aim of this paper is to reduce substantially the total color space without degrading retrieval performance. In addition, we are able to improve performance by conducting object retrieval based solely on color.
Dynamic System to Discover a Pattern
Authors: Thabasu Kannan S.
Published: June 2023

It is indeed an art to match maximum number of preferences by utilizing limited number of resources. During the current academic year 75% of the admissions to Engineering Colleges have gone down, as only 30% to 40% of intake has been filled. Without reaching the breakeven point, the management of the institution becomes a complicated issue. In this situation providing quality education to the students is the question mark. The main aim of this paper is to discover a pattern to identify the choice of preferences of the candidates to seek admissions in any academic institutions. The candidate finds admission in an institution only when his/her own preference matches exactly, otherwise the candidate continues to go by the next alternate in the list of preference. If the institution analyzes the preferences of the candidates and tries to satisfy them, surely the institution can reach even above their intake. Generally satisfaction of individual candidate is practically not possible. Hence the institution should try to satisfy maximum number of candidates by utilizing our existing infrastructure and viable number of preferences. Here the viability is the main constraint. For the purpose of matching optimum number of candidates to suit our existing system, we have designed our algorithmic approach. Here our new system is used to extract frequent item sets from various preferences. By thresholds, it can fix the preferences either decrease or increase the level of frequent. The new algorithm is based on association rule classification which is one of data mining techniques. Data mining is the process of extracting knowledge hidden from large volumes of raw data
Implementation of a Novel DC-AC Single Phase Resonant Inverter Using Soft Switching Boost Converter
Authors: Rajeshwari M. , Mageswari E.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a novel DC-AC single phase inverter is proposed .when the switches are turned on and off, a conventional inverter generates switching loss because of the hard switching .thus the inverter losses increased. proposed system contains auxiliary circuit. the converter stage switches perform soft-switching because of the auxiliary circuit. Also inverter stage switches perform ZVS when the DC like voltage is zero. Therefore all the switching when the switches is turned on and off. Thus the proposed system reducing switching loss and voltage stress.
Intelligent Sensorless and Rotor Flux Linkage Control Design of PMSM Servo Drive
Authors: Radhika S. , Beno Marsalin , Jaikumar R. A.
Published: June 2023

The permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in industrial servo applications due to its high power density. However, there exists a risk of potential irreversible demagnetization in the rotor magnets due to high temperature rise or large demagnetizing current. Since the rotor permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage decreases as the PM temperature increases, it is desirable to estimate the rotor flux linkage value since the decrease in rotor flux linkage in turn reduces the performance of the drive. Sensor less control method is also involved to improve the performance of machine. The proposed method consists of a thermocoupleand an adaline estimator which estimates the temperature of the machine and distortion in the voltage respectively. The thermocouple is placed on either sides of the stator. By continuously monitoring or tracking the rotor flux linkage and compensating the VSI nonlinearity the performance of the PMSM can be improved. Hence the machine can possess high efficiency.
Analysis of Energy Efficiency for Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Sathya K. , AnuPreethi B. K. , Vijayaraghavan V.
Published: June 2023

CR-based technology aims to combat scarcity in the radio spectrum using dynamic spectrum access (DSA).It improves the performance of spectrum efficiency by allowing secondary users to share the spectrum owned by primary users. In this paper, different techniques have been analyzed to improve the energy efficiency of a CRNs.Gradient based iteration algorithm is used to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium solution. Water filling factors aided search method deals with the Energy Efficient optimization problem with multiple interference power constraint. Efficient barrier method is used to provide optimal solution with reasonable complexity. Extreme-value theory characterize the impact of the multi-user diversity gain of both kinds of users.
Analysis of Elastic Flexural Waves in Non-Uniform Beams Based on Measurement of Strains and Accelerations
Authors: Amin Rashidifar Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Elastic flexural waves in an unloaded and unsupported segment of a non-uniform beam were considered. A method based on Timoshenko’s model was established for evaluation of shear force, transverse velocity, bending moment and angular velocity at an arbitrary section from four independent measurements of such quantities at one to four sections. From the evaluated quantities, shear stress, power transmission, etc. can be obtained. Experimental tests were carried out with an aluminium beam which had an abrupt change in height from 15 to 20 mm and was equipped with strain gauges and accelerometers at four uniformly distributed measurement sections and at three evaluation sections. The distance between the two outermost measurement sections was 600 mm, corresponding to 1.12 wave lengths at the upper end of the frequency interval 2500 Hz considered. Bending moments and transverse velocities evaluated from four measurements of any one of these quantities agreed well with those measured at evaluation sections located (i) centrally among the measurement sections and (ii) at a distance of 100 mm, or 0.17 wave lengths, outside. When it was located (iii) at a distance of 500 mm, or 0.83 wave lengths, outside, there was relatively large disagreement as expected from error analysis.
Implementation of RFID in Bus Boarding System for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Revathi G. , Nandhini T.
Published: June 2023

As an engineer we have a social responsibility towards the improvement in our society. So for that reason we design a mechanism to help the blind people for travelling without any assistance by using our devices. Journey in a bus is a safe and comfort factor but navigation in outdoor environment is highly difficult for those who have congenital blindness or blind people. Several solutions have been proposed like walking stick or white cane, guide dogs and GPS guidelines to deal with this difficulty. Although some of them have shown to be useful in real scenarios, they involve an important deployment effort or use artifacts that are not natural for blind users.Therefore, this paper aims to develop a bus detection prototype using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for blind. RFID has the potential to be a useful aid with further standardization of RFID tags and improvement of current RFID readers. Here the system contains the RFID communication technology to communicate blind person with the bus. The two major parts are there. 1. RFID Tag (from bus). 2. RFID Reader (from blind people). Using the two things the blind person freely uses the transport system without any assistance.
GSM Module in Remote Electrical Loads Control
Authors: Blessed Olalekan Oyebola
Published: June 2023

Electrical appliances power consumption tends to grow in proportion to the increase in the number of large-sized electric home appliances.These Projects describes the technology associated with the Remote Control of Electrical Loads Using GGSM Module. Using GSM networks, a control system has been projected that will act as an embedded system which can control appliances and other devices locally using built-in input and output peripherals. Also the system allow the user to effectively control house or office appliances and equipment via the mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages and receiving the appliances status. The main conception behind this project is receiving a coded SMS to trigger or switch home electrical appliances through communication between GSM module and a microcontroller switching circuit.
Temporal Irrigation Performance Assessment in Western Maharashtra, India: Takari Lift Irrigation Scheme Case Study
Authors: Zende Abhijit M. , Nagrajan R. , Atal Kamlkishor. R.
Published: June 2023

During the recent decades, there has been an increasing effort to transfer the management of irrigation schemes from government organizations to nongovernmental organizations as decentralization gained momentum and as states started to devolve some of their functions to different groups in the society. Irrigation management in India was also affected by these developments. Since 2005, in India approximately 50% and in Maharashtra approximately 30% of the public irrigation schemes were turned over to the locally managed farmer organizations. This study was conducted in the Takari Lift Irrigation Scheme, to assess the temporal variations of agricultural, water use, environmental and financial performance indicators for the pre-transfer (1984–2000) and the post-transfer (2001–2010) periods. Results showed, after 10 years of transfer, a continued improvement in irrigation performance. The most important finding of the study was a considerable increase in output per unit of land and per unit of water after turnover. Irrigation management transfer (IMT) provided a dramatic achievement in water fee collection efficiencies and more financially selfsustaining organizations. Therefore, it can be safely concluded that the transfer process created more sustainable management for irrigation.
Torsional Behavior and Constancy of Curved Box Girder Superstructures
Authors: Sarode Ashish B. , Vesmawala G. R.
Published: June 2023

The horizontally curved alignments for the urban interchanges or highway bridges are becoming more common and it is necessary to construct the structures curved in plan. Due to the requirements of more stringent route and high torsional stiffness as well as a desire for a greater sense of aesthetics, curved box girder bridges have become increasingly popular and have been an interesting subject of research. In this paper, the numerous models for curved box girders are analysed using LUSAS FEA software for different parameters such as span lengths, radii and loadings. The resultant bending moments, shear and the torsional moments of the various curved box girders are compared. Also the feasibility and stability of the curved box girder of various span length and radius considering support reactions are discussed.
Analysis and Design of R.C. Deep Beams by Finite Strip Method and Comparison of Theoretical Results with Experimental Results
Authors: Patil S. S. , Niranjan B. R.
Published: June 2023

This paper describes analysis and design of deep beams subjected to two point loads with different L/D ratios using Program in FORTRAN 77 by finite strip method and standard codes (I.S. 456-2000, B.S.8112, ACI 318 and Appendix A of ACI 318). Variation of flexural stress, strain and shear stress in deep beam were plotted. The parameter, Shear span of beam was varied during the analysis. Several beams were cast and tested in laboratory as per codal provisions.
Elastic Constants of Polymer Modified Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Kalwane Uttam B. , Ghugal Yuwaraj M. , Dahake Ajay G.
Published: June 2023

The results of an experimental investigation to study the effects of hooked steel fibers with varying dosage and polymer latex with fixed dosage in concrete are studied. In this experimental study, varying volume fraction of hooked steel fibers from 0% to 7% by weight of cement at the interval of 1% of fiber and SBR latex polymer of fixed volume of 15% by weight of cement were used. All specimens of only fiber content were water cured and specimens of polymer with fiber content were air cured. At the end of 28 days of curing period, destructive tests were carried out on concrete specimens to determine the elastic constants of fiber reinforced concrete and polymer modified steel fiber reinforced concrete. For the analysis of structures, the elastic constants are very important. The elastic constants are static modulus of elasticity (Es), dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed), Poisson’s ratio (μ) and modulus of rigidity (G), etc.
Study of Municipal Solid Waste Management at Thanjavur City: Present Practice and Challenges
Authors: Sowmeyan R. , Thaiyalnayaki D.
Published: June 2023

Thanjavur is one of the oldest and fast developing cities in Tamilnadu with population of 2.16 lakhs in 2012, registering a growth of 5.3% over the last decade. Due to rapid growth of population in Thanjavur municipal corporation area and changing life styles has esulted in increased waste generation. This city generates about 105 tons of municipal solid waste per day. The present method of practicing for solid waste does not follow any scientific processing techniques and disposal of solid waste. The solid waste collected is being transported to the Srinivasapuram (5km away from the city) disposal site where is being disposed off indiscriminately. This causes health hazards and urban environmental degradation. The present study critically characterizes the composition of solid waste and also provides the measures to deal with this waste in healthy environment so that it must prove a waste is wealth, refuse is resource and trash is cash.
Experimental Analysis of Axially Loaded Aerated Mortar Filled Tubes
Authors: Kamble Vijay Dnyandev , Elavenil S.
Published: June 2023

This study present, an experimental work on axially loaded aerated mortar filled steel tube in axial compression. The main objective is that to determine maximum load carrying capacity of aerated mortar filled steel tubes and detailed study on the behavior of steel tubes. From the experimental investigation, it was concluded that an empty tube shows concertina mode of failure where as in normalmortar Euler buckling mode failure was observed. It is concluded that Energy absorbing capacity of steel tubes is increased by filling the tubes with aerated/normal mortar and the order of increase is about 64% when filled with aerated mortar and as high as 176% when filled with normal mortar.
Assessment of Impact of Leachate on Groundwater, in the Vicinity of the First Engineered Landfill Site in Delhi, India
Authors: Gupta Bhavik , Arora Shakti Kumar
Published: June 2023

The dumping of solid waste in sanitary landfills can cause significant impacts on the environment and human health. The main concern is focussed on the pollution potential due to movement of the leachate generated from these landfills into the groundwater, surface water or the sea. Hence, to decide whether the leachate is to be collected and treated, or may be allowed to discharge into the adjoining soil or public sewer or surface water body, it is essential to have the assessment of its composition, strength and its variation with time and space. In this paper, the experimental work carried out at the first engineered landfill site in New Delhi, India, to ascertain the composition of leachate, and its effect on the groundwater under the existing scenario, is presented. For asserting the contamination potential of the landfill site, a tool called Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) has been used. LPI is an increasing scale index, where a higher value indicates poor environmental condition, developed based on the Rand Corporation’s Delphi Technique; which is an opinion based research technique to extract information from a group of panellists. LPI includes 18 parameters, out of which the leachate samples were analyzed for 16 parameters viz. pH, TDS, BOD5, COD, TKN, Ammonia nitrogen, Total Iron, Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Lead, Total chromium, Mercury, Arsenic, Chlorides and Cyanide. The groundwater samples collected from the vicinity of the landfill were analyzed for 12 parameters viz. pH, TDS, Chlorides, Total iron, Arsenic, Cyanide, Lead, Zinc, Copper, Total chromium, Mercury and Nickel. In order to determine the factors which had higher detection rate and larger impact, the Pearson correlation matrix has been developed among the parameters tested of groundwater samples. Results clearly indicated that the likely contamination of groundwater due to leachate released from the landfill. Results are further compared with Bureau of Indian Standards and standards laid down by World Health Organisation (WHO), for drinking water. Presence of contaminants in groundwater particularly near the landfill sites warns its quality and thus renders the associated aquifer unreliable for domestic water supply and other uses.
Rainfall Run Off Modeling Using Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Vivek S. , Priya V.
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a new approach to predict the flow characteristic of the ungauged watershed. The selected study area has only one rain gauge station located near the Kundha bridge giving birth to considerable uncertainties in predicting the catchment flow. Application of fuzzy logic in prediction can minimize these uncertainties of the ungauged watershed. Fuzzy logic model helps to simulate the unknown relationship between the hydrological data and the catchment attributes. The research paper weighs soil type, land use, slope with fuzzy numbers. Finally, to obtain the runoff the comprehensive weight is multiplied with the rainfall data. The runoff thus obtained is used to create runoff map of the watershed. Natural break classification system is utilized to classify the runoff of the entire watershed. The model is validated with the water level records of the Kundha reservoir. This runoff map is valuable in landslide susceptibility analysis. This model not only serves for prediction but also prove to be an effective tool for further research.
Contributions of Different Standards and Codes for the Design of Silo: A Review
Authors: Chithra S. , Indupriya G.
Published: June 2023

Determination of loads play significant role in the design of silo. The silo is a structure used for storage of bulk materials, in which the loads due to stored materials has to be taken into account in addition to wind load and seismic load. The various codes and standards stipulate guidelines for the silo design. The four codes studied and compared in this paper viz., a) Indian Standard IS 4995 – 1974 b) American Concrete Institute ACI 313 – 97 c) German Standard DIN 1055 – 6: 2005 –03 and d) British Standard BS EN 1991-4: 2006. Though, theanalysis and design of silo cannot be performed using single code, the lack of compatibility among various codes makes the designers difficult in designing the silo. The consideration of minor modifications in the analysis and design of silo makes it possible to construct and operate safe and economical silo. The aim of this paper is to compare and briefly describe about the superiority and limitations of four codes.
The Wind and Seismic Analysis on Different Heights of Building by Using ETABS
Authors: Ajitha B. , Naveen Naik M.
Published: June 2023

High rise buildings become common in the modern growing cities as the height of the building increase for the given width, the building frame becomes more flexible particularly in the case of frames with heights above 15 stories slenderness becomes more and fundamental frequency of the frames becomes less. The wind pressures are fluctuating the nature and this is illustrated by the wind spectrum. In the present project a building with different heights is analyzed for wind as well as for earthquake loads for different load combinations. Considering a building with height of 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, 60m in worst condition i.e,, in ZONE-II,III,IV and SOIL-3 and analyzed for load combinations 1.2(DL+LL+LATERAL LOAD) in X direction with lateral load resisting systems. Results of displacement, storey shear, moment are compared for load combinations in both static & dynamic analysis. Results are tabulated and a optimum solution is concluded.
Corrosion Resistance of Steel Rebar in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution in Presence of Trisodium Phosphate and Zn2+
Authors: Devi Meenakshi S. , Rajendran Susai , Divya G. , Anusuya S.
Published: June 2023

The inhibitive performance of Trisodium Phosphate (TSP) in controlling corrosion of rebar steel immersed in simulated concrete pore solution prepared in well water in the absence and presence of Zn2+ has been evaluated by the weight loss method. The formulation consisting of 250 ppm of TSP and 50 ppm of Zn2+ offers 95 % inhibition efficiency to rebar steel. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance studies confirmed that a TSP -Zn2+ system function as an anodic inhibitor and the formulation controls the anodic reaction predominantly. Surface analysis by CV, SEM and AFM confirmed the formation of protective layer on the rebar steel surface.
Comparison of Flexible (Dense Graded) and Porous (Open Graded) Asphalt Surface Course with Stone Dust as a Filler in Marshal Mix Design
Authors: Shreyas K. , Lavanya J.
Published: June 2023

Bituminous concrete is the surface layer which will be laid to ply the vehicles above it & to transfer the vehicular wheel loads effectively without undergoing any major deformations. The grading of aggregates for bituminous concrete used for the analysis is as per MORTH & gap/open graded for porous asphalt as per NAPA specifications, the analysis done for dense graded asphalt is grade 2 where the nominal size of the aggregates is 13mm as per MORTH specifications. The present study has been taken to evaluate the Marshal property of both Bituminous concrete (Dense graded) & Porous (open/gap graded) asphalt, the tests revealed that there is a significant variation of Optimum binder content for dense graded mix when compared to porous (gap/graded) asphalt surface course. Preliminary tests have been carried out for bitumen & aggregates of specified sizes as per IS standards and results are tabulated. There is a considerable variation of OBC in both open & dense graded mixes where optimum bitumen content is more in dense graded mix when compared to open graded mixes whereas the flow values for open graded mix is more when compared to close graded mixes.
Adsorption Kinetic and Isotherm Studies of Azure-A on Various Activated Carbons Derived from Low Cost Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Muthuraman Pandi , Rajamani Mayathevar , Xavier Arulanantham
Published: June 2023

The present study narrates the eminent role of agricultural wastes as adsorbents viz., Sorghum Vulgare Carbon (SVC), Zea Mays Carbon (ZMC), Sorghum Vulgare Varity Carbon (SVVC), Ceiba Peutandra Carbon (CPC), Projobis Juliflora Carbon (PJC) for the removal of Azure-A (AA) dye from waste water. Experimental parameters such an effect of initialconcentration, contact time, dose, pH and particle size have been analyzed. The experimental results are there analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Redlich–Peterson and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. Multiple kinetic equations (first order, pseudo first order and pseudo second order) were applied to the adsorption kinetics of AA on various activated carbons. Surface morphology of the adsorbents before and after adsorption is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-Edax). FT-IR analyses revealed the presence of functional groups of dye on the adsorbents. It is inferred from the experimental result that the activated carbons (SVC, ZMC, SVVC, CPC and PJC) from agricultural wastes can be applied as an adsorbent in the removal of AA dye from waste water.
An Experimental Research on the Effects of Concrete by Replacing Cement with GGBS and Rice Husk Ash with the Addition of Steel Fibers
Authors: Maneesh P. K. , Niranjan V.
Published: June 2023

There has been a tremendous increase in the use of mineral admixture by industries during the late 20th century and the rate is expected to increase. Concrete is an artificial material, which is made up of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water. The increasing demand for cement and concrete is met by the partial cement replacement by addition of supplementary cementing materials which leads to several improvements in the concrete composites and to the overall economy. Mineral admixtures are used in concrete because they improve the properties of concrete. The lower cement content leads to a reduction for CO2 generated by the production of Portland cement. An attempt is made to replace the cement with GGBS with 20%,30% 40% and RHA and steel fiber by constant proportion(10% and 1%) for minimum grade concrete i.e., M30 and is tested for fresh and hardened properties at 7,14 and 28 days to identify the optimum percentage of GGBS in concrete. Replacement of cement by GGBS in M30 grade concrete in compressive strength split tensile test and flexural strength improvement up to the replacement of 30% in all ages.
Production tests disinfectant AKVADEZ-NUK 5
Authors: Pugach O. P. , Lunegov A. M.
Published: June 2023

Disinfection plays a significant role in the overall complex of antiepizootic measures. In order to provide manufacturers with a high-quality and cost-effective disinfectant in production conditions and in order to determine the optimal disinfection regime, we conducted production tests of the AKVAdez- NUK 5 disinfectant at the veterinary supervision facility for the stable maintenance of cattle in the Kalacheyevsky district of the Voronezh region. During the production tests, the following concentrations of working solutions were studied: 0.1%; 0.25%; 0,5%. The solution was sprayed with a TORNADOSCO/52 foam generator. The consumption rate was determined as 0.35 l/ m2 with an exposure of 30 min. When using 0.1% concentration of the AQUAdez-NUK 5 working solution with an exposure of 30 minutes, growth was recorded in 16 out of 20 samples during the study for E. coli growth. 4 samples taken from concrete surfaces were disinfected. In samples taken from concrete surfaces to determine the growth of S. aureus, the growth of colonies of microorganisms was observed in all flushes. When using 0.25% AQUAdez-NUC 5 solution in the test, in 16 of the 20 flushes selected to determine the growth of E. coli and 14 out of 20 samples on S. aureus, we did not observe the growth of microorganisms. When treating objects of veterinary supervision with 0.5% AQUAdez-NUC 5 solution after 30 minutes of exposure, there was no growth of microorganisms in 100% of the studied samples on both E. coli and S. aureus during crops from flushes from concrete and wooden surfaces. According to the results of disinfection of the surfaces of the livestock premises with respect to E. coli and S. Aureus, the working solution AQUAdez- NUK 5 showed bactericidal activity in 0.5% concentration with a 30-minute exposure at a consumption of 0.35 l/m2
Evaluation of the good quality and parasitic purity of fish from lake Ladoga
Authors: Orlova D. A. , Kalyuzhnaya T. V. , Karpenko L. Yu. , Ivanova K. P.
Published: June 2023

Freshwater fish is one of the most valuable resources of inland waters. Raw fish is a perishable product, therefore, the assessment of product freshness is the most important indicator of its safety. In addition, in relation to freshwater fish, the indicator of parasitic purity is of particular importance, since fish is an intermediate host of pathogens of parasitic diseases transmitted to humans.The studies were carried out in the summerautumn period. The objects of research were samples of chilled freshly caught fish from the southern part of Lake Ladoga. Veterinary and sanitary examination of fish was carried out in accordance with the Veterinary Rules for the appointment and conduct of veterinary and sanitary examination of fish, aquatic invertebrates and fish products from them intended for processing and sale by organoleptic, physicochemical and microscopic methods. Parasitological examination included external examination, parasitological dissection of the fish, examination of muscle tissue by the method of parallel cuts and compressor. As a result, the studied samples were recognized as fresh in terms of organoleptic, physicochemical and microscopic parameters. An external examination of the eyes revealed damage to the lens of the eye by metacercariae of trematodes Diplostomum sp., gill filaments of roach were affected by monogenetic flukes Dactylogyrus sp. Pigmented areas of localization of Posthodiplostomum cuticola metacercariae, the so-called «black-spotted disease», were noted on the surface of the body of fish of the cyprinid family.During parasitological autopsy and examination of the abdominal cavity, the surface of the internal organs of the bream, the larva of Ligula intestinalis was found, and the plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium latum were found in the caviar of two individuals of the pike. As a result of a compressor study of the muscle tissue of pike, crucian carp, roach, rudd, perch, and bream, Paracoenogonimus ovatus metacercariae were identified. Of the parasites found in the samples of the studied fish, D. latum is of epidemiological significance, the rest of the pathogens are not dangerous to humans, the sanitary assessment of the fish should be given on the basis of the presentation of the product.
Monitoring of the content of heavy metals and selenium in com-pound feeds for productive animals and poultry
Authors: Kalyuzhnaya T. V. , Orlova D. A. , Karpenko L. Yu. , Bakhta A. A. , Dmitrieva M. N.
Published: June 2023

Currently, the issue of regulating the safety indicators of feed for productive animals and poultry in terms of technical regulation is in a regulatory vacuum, since the Technical Regulation "On the safety of feed and feed additives" has not been approved. This situation also applies to indicators of the content of toxic elements, which include selenium and heavy metals such as zinc, copper, iron, capable of accumulation in the body and migration through food chains. In connection with the above, the purpose of the research was to monitor and analyze the content of heavy metals and selenium in compound feeds for productive animals and poultry sold on the territory of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region as an indicator of toxicological safety.As part of the work, 40 samples of mixed feeds of domestic production were examined. The share of the studied compound feeds for pigs and piglets accounted for 50.0%, for broilers and cattle - 25.0% each. At the first stage, sample preparation and mineralization of samples were carried out in a muffle furnace. At the second stage, using the atomic absorption spectrometer Thermo Scientific Solaar S4, the amount of copper, zinc, iron, selenium in the mineralized sample was determined in accordance with the current regulatory documents. At the third stage, the results were analyzed in comparison with the temporary maximum permissible level according to MDU No. 123-4/281- 8-87 "Temporary maximum permissible level (MDU) of the content of certain chemical elements and gossypol in animal feed and feed additives".The detected concentrations of copper, iron and selenium in the studied samples met the requirements of the current regulatory documentation and did not exceed the established MDU. When determining zinc, it was revealed that 38 samples out of 40 met the requirements of regulatory documentation, in the remaining 2 samples, an excess of MDU was found to be 1.1 and almost 1.5 times, respectively. The obtained results of the monitoring studies allow us to draw a conclusion about the safety of compound feeds in terms of the content of heavy metals and selenium sold on the territory of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region
Assessment of the state of the ecosystem of the Lipetsk region
Authors: Nikulin I. A. , Popova O. S.
Published: June 2023

The characteristics of the state of the ecosystem of the Lipetsk Region are presented on the basis of official statistical reporting by the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Lipetsk Region, the Lipetsk Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring - a branch of the Central Chernozem UGMS, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Lipetsk Region. Environmental problems of the Lipetsk region are associated with pollution of atmospheric air,drinking water, soil, and food products by toxic substances. Sources of environmental pollution are ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, motor vehicles, agricultural production, including livestock. Anthropogenic anomalies of the habitat are becoming one of the main causes of veterinary problems in modern animal husbandry. The purpose of the study: to assess the state of the ecosystem of the territory of the Lipetsk region, including monitoring of surface watercourses in the area of the city of Lipetsk: the rivers Matyra, Voronezh, Lipovka and the Matyr reservoir. For the analysis of water sources for heavy metal contamination with an atomic absorption spectrometer with electrothermal authorization "MGA-1000". Sampling of natural water was carried out according to GOST 17.1.5.05-85. The volume of the sample taken was 250 ml, the filtrate was preserved with nitric acid. Statistical processing of analytical data was carried out by conventional methods.Up to 90% of emissions of harmful substances from stationary and mobile sources of pollution are accumulated by soil, from where toxins migrate into water and plants. The content of zinc slightly exceeded the maximum permissible level in 35% of the selected samples, %, manganese - in 32% and aluminum - in 34% of the selected samples. So the highest content of iron and lead was recorded in the river. Voronezh and in the region of Lipetsk, exceeding the MPC by 1.5 times. To a lesser extent, increases in MPC r. Matyr and Matyr-sky reservoir.
Electrocardiography of functional changes in the myocardium of young cattle with maternal myocardiodystrophy
Authors: Kochueva N. A. , Sabetova K. D.
Published: June 2023

Analysis of the functional capacity of the heart of cattle in terms of modern veterinary development makes it possible to predict myocardial abnormalities both in adult animals and in the young cattle obtained from them. The aim of the research was to study functional changes in the myocardium of young cattle with myocardiodystrophy of mother cows. The study was carried out under the conditions of Kostroma region. Two groups of young cattle of the Kostroma breed aged 14-21 days were formed: the 1st experimental group consisted of heifers from clinically healthy mother-cows (without myocardiodystrophy symptoms) (n=15), the 2nd experimental group consisted of heifers from mother-cows with myocardiodystrophy symptoms (n=5). ECG was recorded on a free-standing animal according to the method of modified leads using veterinary electrocardiograph "Poly-Spectr-8/V" (Russia). ECG was recorded in three standard leads - I, II, III, as well as in three enhanced leads from the limbs aVR, aVL, aVF. ECG was used to determine: duration (ms) of intervals P-Q, R-R, Q-T, QRS complex, increase in the duration of the P wave, position of ST segment relative to isoelectric line, orientation and amplitude/voltage of P, Q, R, S, T waves (mV), position of EOS. It was found that heifers obtained from mother-cows with symptoms of myocardiodystrophy had longer P wave, shorter P-Q, R-R intervals, more significant deviations in SP indices, voltages of P, Q, R, S, T waves in comparison with young cows from clinically healthy mothercows. Electrocardiodiagnostics of myocardial state of young animals obtained from mother-cows with symptoms of myocardiodystrophy reveals in heifers the signs of changes in the main myocardial functions - excitability, conductivity, contractility, manifested as reduced wave volts and prolongation of cardiogram intervals, characteristic for ischemic processes in the myocardium
Coronary type of blood supply to the calf's heart
Authors: Khvatov V. A. , Shchipakin M. V. , Bylinskaya D. S.
Published: June 2023

The high variability of branching of the heart vessels in animals is a proven and irrefutable fact in veterinary morphology. In individuals of the same species and breed, quite high discrepancies can sometimes occur in the topography of the coronary arteries of the heart. When studying the coronary bed of the heart of animals, we recorded a case of the presence of a right-handed type of blood supply in a two-month-old Blackand- White calf in the absence of a left coronary artery. In this regard, we set ourselves the goal of studying the features of the vascularization of the right half of the heart in a two-month-old Black-and-White calf with a right-sided type of blood supply.To achieve this goal, the heart of the corpse of a two-month-old Black-and-White calf, obtained from a private farm in the Leningrad Region, was studied. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy, St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. To study the vascularization of the heart of the studied animal, classical and modern anatomical techniques were carried out, such as fine anatomical preparation, photography, and the manufacture of corrosion preparations using latex.According to the results of the study, it was found that in the absence of the left coronary artery in the studied two-month-old calf of the Black-and-White breed, the right coronary artery completely and completely compensates for its absence. The presence of the right interventricular artery was established, which has such branches as the artery of the right septomarginal trabecula and atrioventricular branches that supply blood to the tricuspid valve area and the right septomarginal trabeculae of the heart. It was determined that the vessels that vascularize the structures of the right atrium and right ventricle in their topography in the studied individual are inferior in the number of S-shaped bends and sharp corners in comparison with the arteries of the left half of the heart, which can reduce the risk of developing coronary pathologies in the right half of the heart. It was established that the subsinus artery differs from the generally accepted classical topography and plunges into the thickness of the myocardium of the right ventricle and interventricular septum, and practically does not pass as part of the subsinus sulcus.