bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NF-κB–independent down-regulation of XIAP by bortezomib sensitizes HL B cells against cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Kashkar Hamid , Deggerich Anke , Seeger Jens-Michael , Yazdanpanah Benjamin , Wiegmann Katja , Haubert Dirk , Pongratz Carola , Krönke Martin
Published: December 2006

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been shown to possess promising antitumor activity and significant efficacy against a variety of malignancies. Different studies demonstrated that bortezomib breaks the chemoresistance in different tumor cells basically by altering nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) activity. NF-κB has been shown to be constitutively active in most primary Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells in lymph node sections and in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cell lines and was suggested to be a central molecular switch in apoptosis resistance in HL. Here we report a bimodal effect of bortezomib in HL cells. Whereas high-dose bortezomib induced direct cytotoxicity that correlated with decreased NF-κB activity, low-dose bortezomib sensitized HL cells against a variety of cytotoxic drugs without altering NF-κB action. Strikingly, bortezomib induced marked XIAP down-regulation at the posttranslational level that was independent of the NF-κB status. Similarly, RNA interference (RNAi)–mediated XIAP down-regulation generated susceptibility to cytostatic agents. The results identify XIAP as an NF-κB–independent target of bortezomib action that controls the chemoresistant phenotype of HL cells.
High magnetic field induced changes of gene expression in arabidopsis
Authors: Paul Anna-Lisa , Ferl Robert J , Meisel Mark W
Published: December 2006

Background

High magnetic fields are becoming increasingly prevalent components of non-invasive, biomedical imaging tools (such as MRI), thus, an understanding of the molecular impacts associated with these field strengths in biological systems is of central importance. The biological impact of magnetic field strengths up to 30 Tesla were investigated in this study through the use of transgenic Arabidopsis plants engineered with a stress response gene consisting of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene promoter driving the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene reporter.

Methods

Magnetic field induced Adh/GUS activity was evaluated with histochemical staining to assess tissue specific expression and distribution, and with quantitative, spectrofluometric assays to measure degree of activation. The evaluation of global changes in the Arabidopsis genome in response to exposure to high magnetic fields was facilitated with Affymetrix Gene Chip microarrays. Quantitative analyses of gene expression were performed with quantitative real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results

Field strengths in excess of about 15 Tesla induce expression of the Adh/GUS transgene in the roots and leaves. From the microarray analyses that surveyed 8000 genes, 114 genes were differentially expressed to a degree greater than 2.5 fold over the control. These results were quantitatively corroborated by qRT-PCR examination of 4 of the 114 genes.

Conclusion

The data suggest that magnetic fields in excess of 15 Tesla have far-reaching effect on the genome. The wide-spread induction of stress-related genes and transcription factors, and a depression of genes associated with cell wall metabolism, are prominent examples. The roles of magnetic field orientation of macromolecules and magnetophoretic effects are discussed as possible factors that contribute to the mounting of this response.
Adolescent Girls Speak about Violence in Their Community
Authors: FLORES ROSEANNE L.
Published: December 2006

Abstract:  Adolescent girls growing up in urban environments have been placed at increased risk for being exposed to violence in their communities. Yet few studies have examined their perceptions of the risk factors, violence, and the pressures they face on a daily basis. The present research describes two adolescent girls' perspectives concerning the challenges, fears, hopes, risks, and pressures they have experienced growing up in their community. The results have implications for violence intervention and prevention programs with adolescent girls living in urban environments.
Management of Outpatients With Diabetes at High Risk of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Thomas Celeste C. , Chopra Karishma , Davis Andrew M.
Published: March 2024

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the Endocrine Society’s 2023 recommendations on management of outpatients with diabetes and high risk of hypoglycemia.
Distinctive cell‐free DNA methylation characterizes presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Giannini Lucia A. A. , Boers Ruben G. , van der Ende Emma L. , Poos Jackie M. , Jiskoot Lize C. , Boers Joachim B. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Dopper Elise G. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Seelaar Harro , Meeter Lieke H. , van Rooij Jeroen G. J. , Scheper Wiep , Gribnau Joost , van Swieten John C.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Methylation of plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) has potential as a marker of brain damage in neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we study methylation of cfDNA in presymptomatic and symptomatic carriers of genetic FTD pathogenic variants, next to healthy controls.

Methods

cfDNA was isolated from cross‐sectional plasma of 10 presymptomatic carriers (4 C9orf72, 4 GRN, and 2 MAPT), 10 symptomatic carriers (4 C9orf72, 4 GRN, and 2 MAPT), and 9 healthy controls. Genome‐wide methylation of cfDNA was determined using a high‐resolution sequencing technique (MeD‐seq). Cumulative scores based on the identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were estimated for presymptomatic carriers (vs. controls and symptomatic carriers), and reevaluated in a validation cohort (8 presymptomatic: 3 C9orf72, 3 GRN, and 2 MAPT; 26 symptomatic: 7 C9orf72, 6 GRN, 12 MAPT, and 1 TARDBP; 13 noncarriers from genetic FTD families).

Results

Presymptomatic carriers showed a distinctive methylation profile compared to healthy controls and symptomatic carriers. Cumulative DMR scores in presymptomatic carriers enabled to significantly differentiate presymptomatic carriers from healthy controls (p < 0.001) and symptomatic carriers (p < 0.001). In the validation cohort, these scores differentiated presymptomatic carriers from symptomatic carriers (p ≤ 0.007) only. Transcription‐start‐site methylation in presymptomatic carriers, generally associated with gene downregulation, was enriched for genes involved in ubiquitin‐dependent processes, while gene body methylation, generally associated with gene upregulation, was enriched for genes involved in neuronal cell processes.

Interpretation

A distinctive methylation profile of cfDNA characterizes the presymptomatic stage of genetic FTD, and could reflect neuronal death in this stage.
Nicolau syndrome following glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis: Case and review of reports
Authors: Udawatta Methma , Mateen Farrah J.
Published: March 2024

Nicolau syndrome is a rare, iatrogenic skin reaction after parental drug administration, characterized by severe pain at an injection site, followed by hemorrhage, ulceration, and often necrosis. We present a case of a patient on glatiramer acetate for many years (initially Copaxone then Glatopa) who developed Nicolau syndrome, the second reported case after generic glatiramer acetate. All reported cases of Nicolau syndrome after glatiramer acetate are reviewed. The case highlights the importance of prompt recognition of this skin reaction by neurologists and raises awareness of the risks of skin reactions even in low‐risk injectable DMTs.
A Self‐Gelling Powder Directly Co‐Assembled by Natural Small Molecules for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Yang Shutong , Luo Weikang , Song Xianwen , Chen Quan , Liu Jingjing , Gan Pingping , Liu Chuntai , Li Teng , Xu Gang , Zhang Yi , Zheng Jun , Wang Yang
Published: March 2024

The prognosis for traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends largely on prompt hemostasis and effective pharmacologic interventions. Natural all‐small‐molecule self‐gelling powder, integrating the advantages of self‐assembled small‐molecule hydrogels and powders, is expected to provide timely and effective prehospital management of TBI. However, the synthesis and application of natural all‐small‐molecule self‐gelling powder is still uncharted territory. In this study, an all‐small‐molecule co‐assembled MGF‐H3BO3‐RUT (MBR) self‐gelling powder is fabricated through the co‐assembly of mangiferin (MGF) and rutin (RUT) in H3BO3/NaOH aqueous solution. Both compounds can bind with boric acid, leading to co‐assembling into hydrogels through hydrogen‐bonding interactions and π–π stacking. MBR self‐gelling powder is then obtained by drying the as‐prepared hydrogels, thus integrating hemostasis and pharmacodynamics into one. Remarkably, it displays robust regeneration capabilities, while retaining excellent self‐healing properties and injectability after drying‐hydration cycles. Moreover, MBR self‐gelling powder not only achieves rapid effective hemostasis but also attenuates conspicuously cerebral edema and inflammatory response after TBI by in situ spraying, exhibiting notable neuroprotective effects without discernible toxic side effects. This study provides a novel assembly strategy and application form for self‐assembled gel materials originating from natural small molecules, offering promising avenues for the treatment of TBI in the acute phase.
Rapid and Up‐Scalable Flash Fabrication of Graphitic Carbon Nanocages for Robust Potassium Storage
Authors: Wang Lina , Zhu Sheng , Huang Zhihao , Li Mengxiu , Zhao Yun , Han Gaoyi , Li Yan , Ni Jiangfeng
Published: March 2024

Graphitic carbon nanocages (CNCs) have garnered attention as viable candidates for potassium storage, primarily due to their notable crystallinity, large surface area, and rich porosity. Yet, the development of a rapid, scalable, and economically feasible synthesis approach for CNCs persists as a formidable challenge. This study presents a rapid (millisecond‐scale) and scalable (gram‐scale) method for fabricating mesoporous CNCs characterized by high purity and orderly graphitic structures, utilizing the flash Joule heating technique. Employed for potassium storage, the CNC electrode developed herein exhibits exceptional performance metrics, including initial capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability, surpassing numerous carbonaceous materials previously documented. Impressively, it delivers a high initial capacity of 312.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, maintains 175.1 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 2.0 A g−1, and retains 219.6 mAh g−1 over 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Molecular dynamics simulations and in situ characterizations are employed to elucidate this robust behavior. This work underscores the significant advantages of the flash Joule heating technique in synthesizing carbonaceous materials for potassium storage applications.
On‐Demand Bioactivation of Inert Materials With Plasma‐Polymerized Nanoparticles
Authors: Santos Miguel , Michael Praveesuda L. , Mitchell Timothy C. , Lam Yuen Ting , Robinson Thomas M. , Moore Mathew J. , Tan Richard P. , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Lim Khoon S. , Wise Steven G.
Published: March 2024

Conventional gas plasma treatments are crucial for functionalizing materials in biomedical applications, but have limitations hindering their broader use. These methods require exposure to reactive media under vacuum conditions, rendering them unsuitable for substrates that demand aqueous environments, such as proteins and hydrogels. In addition, complex geometries are difficult to treat, necessitating extensive customization for each material and shape. To address these constraints, an innovative approach employing plasma polymer nanoparticles (PPN) as a versatile functionalization tool is proposed. PPN share similarities with traditional plasma polymer coatings (PPC) but offer unique advantages: compatibility with aqueous systems, the ability to modify complex geometries, and availability as off‐the‐shelf products. Robust immobilization of PPN on various substrates, including synthetic polymers, proteins, and complex hydrogel structures is demonstrated in this study. This results in substantial improvements in surface hydrophilicity. Materials functionalization with arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD)‐loaded PPN significantly enhances cell attachment, spreading, and substrate coverage on inert scaffolds compared to passive RGD coatings. Improved adhesion to complex geometries and subsequent differentiation following growth factor exposure is also demonstrated. This research introduces a novel substrate functionalization approach that mimics the outcomes of plasma coating technology but vastly expands its applicability, promising advancements in biomedical materials and devices.
From Charge to Spin: An In‐Depth Exploration of Electron Transfer in Energy Electrocatalysis
Authors: Sun Shubin , Zhang Yudi , Shi Xin , Sun Wen , Felser Claudia , Li Wei , Li Guowei
Published: March 2024

Catalytic materials play crucial roles in various energy‐related processes, ranging from large‐scale chemical production to advancements in renewable energy technologies. Despite a century of dedicated research, major enduring challenges associated with enhancing catalyst efficiency and durability, particularly in green energy‐related electrochemical reactions, remain. Focusing only on either the crystal structure or electronic structure of a catalyst is deemed insufficient to break the linear scaling relationship (LSR), which is the golden rule for the design of advanced catalysts. The discourse in this review intricately outlines the essence of heterogeneous catalysis reactions by highlighting the vital roles played by electron properties. The physical and electrochemical properties of electron charge and spin that govern catalysis efficiencies are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the pronounced influence of external fields in perturbing the LSR, underscoring the vital role that electron spin plays in advancing high‐performance catalyst design. The review culminates by proffering insights into the potential applications of spin catalysis, concluding with a discussion of extant challenges and inherent limitations.
Comment on “High‐Efficient Blue Emission and Bandgap Engineering from Jahn‒Teller Distorted Halide Double Perovskites”
Authors: Xiao Zewen
Published: March 2024

In a recent publication, Liu et al. investigated the doping strategy of pentavalent antimony (Sb5+) in the benchmark material Cs2NaInCl6, achieving a bright blue emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of ≈90% at low doping concentrations and bandgaps as low as 1.24 eV at high doping concentrations (Adv. Opt. Mater. 2024, 12, 2301576). In this comment, by reanalyzing Liu et al.' data and conducting hybrid density functional theory calculations, the study provides evidence supporting the incorporation of Sb3+ ions rather than “Sb5+ ions”, as the cause of the efficient blue emission observed in the lightly‐doped Cs2NaInCl6 samples. Furthermore, it is proposed that the narrowing of the bandgap in the “heavily‐doped Cs2NaInCl6” samples is a result of the formation of a new phase related to a mixed‐valence salt, Cs4SbIIISbVCl12.
Pixel Geometry Effect on PbS Quantum Dot/Graphene Nanohybrid Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Shultz Andrew , Liu Bo , Gong Maogang , Hernandez Francisco C. Robles , Wu Judy
Published: March 2024

Photodetectors based on colloidal quantum dots (QD)/graphene nanohybrids are quantum sensors due to strong quantum confinement in both QD and graphene. The optoelectronic properties of QD/graphene nanohybrids are affected by the quantum physics that predicts a high photoconductive gain and hence photoresponsivity (R*) depending on the pixel length (L) as R*∝L−2. Experimental confirmation of the effect of the pixel geometric parameters on the optoelectronic properties of the QD/graphene photodetector is therefore important to elucidate the underlying quantum physics. Motivated by this, an array of PbS QDs/graphene nanohybrid photodetectors are designed with variable QD/graphene pixel length L and width (W) in the range of 10–150 µm for a study of R*, noise, and specific detectivity (D*) in a broad spectrum of 400–1500 nm. Intriguingly, R* exhibits a monotonic decreasing trend of 1/L2 while being independent of W, confirming experimentally the theoretical prediction. Interestingly, this geometric effect on the photoresponsivity seems to be partially compensated by that in noise, leading to D* independent of L and W at wavelengths in the ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared range. This result sheds light on the quantum physics underlying the optoelectronic process in QD/graphene nanohybrids, which is important to the design of high‐quality QD/graphene photodetectors and imaging systems.
Naphthoic Acid Derivatives@Boric Acid Based Fast Photo‐Activated Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Materials with Dynamic Changed Emission Color
Authors: Cheng Yi , Fan Wenwen , He Runying , Meng Xian , Zhou Qian , Ma Xiurong , Liu Yanxiong , Shi Yonggang , Zheng Liyan , Cao Qiue
Published: March 2024

Photoactivated dynamic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescent (PAD‐URTP) materials with changing emission colors are attractive and meaningful but are rarely reported. Herein, a one‐pot heat treatment strategy for embedding 1‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (1H2NA) and 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthoic acid (2H1NA) into boric acid (BA) matrix (named 1H2NA@BA and 2H1NA@BA) to construct PAD‐URTP materials is developed, which exhibits rapid and reversible photoactivated phosphorescence, as well as photo‐stimulated dynamic change of luminescence color. The luminescent color of 1H2NA@BA could continuously change from blue‐purple to bright cyan‐white upon prolonged 365 nm UV light irradiation, which is attributed to the combined effect of static blue fluorescence and dynamic photoactivated green phosphorescence. Significantly, it could emit over 10 s green afterglow after switching off the UV irradiation. The combination of experiment and theoretical calculation results reveal that their PAD‐URTP behavior is attributed to the energy accumulation of triplet states under UV light irradiation. Finally, a series of information encryption and a complete story of “a mouse and cake” are successfully fabricated by using 1H2NA@BA with other luminescence materials. Thus, this study demonstrates fast PAD‐URTP materials with dynamic color‐changing luminescence and opens up new possibilities as the photo‐responsive luminescent material for further mechanistic understanding and future application.
scmFormer Integrates Large‐Scale Single‐Cell Proteomics and Transcriptomics Data by Multi‐Task Transformer
Authors: Xu Jing , Huang De‐Shuang , Zhang Xiujun
Published: March 2024

Transformer‐based models have revolutionized single cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) data analysis. However, their applicability is challenged by the complexity and scale of single‐cell multi‐omics data. Here a novel single‐cell multi‐modal/multi‐task transformer (scmFormer) is proposed to fill up the existing blank of integrating single‐cell proteomics with other omics data. Through systematic benchmarking, it is demonstrated that scmFormer excels in integrating large‐scale single‐cell multimodal data and heterogeneous multi‐batch paired multi‐omics data, while preserving shared information across batchs and distinct biological information. scmFormer achieves 54.5% higher average F1 score compared to the second method in transferring cell‐type labels from single‐cell transcriptomics to proteomics data. Using COVID‐19 datasets, it is presented that scmFormer successfully integrates over 1.48 million cells on a personal computer. Moreover, it is also proved that scmFormer performs better than existing methods on generating the unmeasured modality and is well‐suited for spatial multi‐omic data. Thus, scmFormer is a powerful and comprehensive tool for analyzing single‐cell multi‐omics data.
Undulatory Propulsion at Milliscale on Water Surface
Authors: Ren Ziyu , Ucak Kagan , Yan Yingbo , Sitti Metin
Published: March 2024

The oscillatory pitch motion at the leading edge of a millimeter‐scale flexible sheet on the water surface can generate undulatory locomotion for swimming, similar to a honeybee vibrating its wings for propulsion. The influence of various parameters on such swimming strategy remains unexplored. This study uses magnetic milliswimmers to probe the propulsion mechanics and impact of different parameters. It is found that this undulatory propulsion is driven by capillary forces and added mass effects related to undulatory waves of the milliswimmers, along with radiation stress stemming from capillary waves at the interface. Modifying the parameters such as actuation frequency, pitch amplitude, bending stiffness, and hydrofoil length alters the body waveform, thus, affecting the propulsion speed and energy efficiency. Although undulatory motion is not a prerequisite for water surface propulsion, optimizing body stiffness to achieve a proper undulatory waveform is crucial for efficient swimming, balancing energy consumption, and speed. The study also reveals that the induced water flow is confined near the water surface, and the flow structures evolve with varying factors. These discoveries advance the understanding of undulatory water surface propulsion and have implications for the optimal design of small‐scale swimming soft robots in the future.
Three‐dimensional modeling in anatomy—Tool or terror?
Authors: Alexander Seth M. , Pogson‐Morowitz Kaylyn B. , Johnson Corey S.
Published: March 2024

Three‐dimensional (3D) modeling is a recent, innovative approach to teaching anatomy. There is little literature, however, to suggest how 3D modeling is best used to teach students and whether or not students can gain the same level of understanding as they might use more traditional, hands‐on, teaching methods. This study evaluated the use of a 3D modeling software in both a flipped classroom curriculum and as an active learning tool in comparison to traditional, physical model‐based teaching. Pre‐ and post‐course content‐based assessments were used to evaluate students' learning. Our findings indicated no significant difference between standard and flipped classroom learning; however, the students who used 3D modeling software as an active learning tool significantly underperformed students in the standard group (F(2,1060) = 112.43, p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that these technologies may not yet be useful as a primary means of instruction. Possible explanations may include cognitive overload in navigating the system, intrinsic limitations of the software, or other factors. Further development and research of these technologies is necessary prior to their adoption into teaching practices in anatomy.
A novel chromone Schiff base as Zn2+ turn‐on fluorescent chemosensor in a mixed solution
Authors: Yang Wensheng , Yang Wan , Ma Yajun , Yan Long , Ma Xiangrong
Published: March 2024

In this study, a novel fluorescent chemosensor 1 based on chromone‐3‐carboxaldehyde Schiff base was synthesized and featured through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectra. Spectroscopic investigation indicated that the fluorescent sensor showed high selectivity toward Zn2+ over other metal ions and that the detection limit of 1 could reach 10−7 M. These indicated that 1 acted as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence chemosensor for Zn2+.
Asymptomatic left ventricular pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Hanamura Taisuke , Fukamachi Daisuke , Tanaka Masashi , Okumura Yasuo
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Some cases of left ventricular pseudoaneurysms (LVPAs) are asymptomatic. While cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is important, a chest x‐ray can easily be performed and is also crucial for the detection of LVPA during the first outpatient visit.
Reaction Mechanisms of Fe‐Dependent Fatty Acid Decarboxylases
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Shi‐Lu
Published: March 2024

The escalating demand for fossil fuels has raised environmental concerns, urging the exploration of biosynthetic pathways for renewable hydrocarbon fuels. Terminal alkenes (α‐alkenes) emerge as “drop‐in” compatible fuels and chemicals, holding the potential to replace traditional fossil fuels. Fatty acid decarboxylases present a promising route for converting fatty acids into α‐alkenes, underscoring the imperative need for comprehending the catalytic mechanisms governing these enzymes in the quest for renewable biofuel production. The reported fatty acid decarboxylases entail the involvement of heme and non‐heme iron cofactors in the redox process. In this review, we summarize the reaction mechanisms of four iron‐dependent fatty acid decarboxylases (OleTJE, OleTPRN, UndA, and UndB), providing a critical analysis of the factors influencing chemical selectivity and catalytic performance.
Taguchi method and neural network for efficientβ‐ketoenaminesynthesis in deionized water
Authors: Ghabi Wissal , Landolsi Kamel , Echouchene Fraj , Bajahzar Abdullah , Msaddek Moncef , Belmabrouk Hafedh
Published: March 2024

The optimization of performance parameters, in particular the yield of the synthesis reaction of β‐enaminones in demineralized water, is crucial to improve their efficiency and accuracy. In this report, we investigate the optimization of the synthesis of β‐ketoenamines in deionized water by controlling several parameters such as reaction time, temperature, amine equivalent, acid percentage, and stirring rate. An orthogonal L16(45) network was created using Taguchi's approach, allowing for the best possible parameters. To forecast the contribution of each parameter, analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques are also used. Multiple linear and nonlinear regression (MLR, MNLR) and multilayer perception artificial neural network (MLP‐ANN) predictive models were developed. Analysis of the results led to optimized design parameters, with time = 6 h, temperature = 25°C, amine equivalent = 1.5, acid percentage = 20%, and stirring rate = 1000 rpm, leading to a maximum yield of 63%. ANOVA analysis revealed that temperature, stirring rate, acid percentage, and time are the parameters with the greatest influence. The least sensitive parameter is the amine equivalent. The two main interactions are temperature * acid % and amine equivalent * rpm. The MLP‐ANN predictions are in good agreement with the experimental values, resulting in a higherR2compared to the quadratic regression model and the MLR model. By using molecular docking studies, the produced compounds' biological activity was investigated. Some of the synthesized compounds appear to be interesting and could be used for therapeutic applications. The results of this study give us insight into the gentle, cost‐effective, and biologically active synthesis of β‐enaminones in deionized water.
The study of NH3‐SCR mechanism on γFe2O3 supported LaMnO3 catalyst based on DFT
Authors: Lin Kangshuai , Zhong Wanzhen , Zhang Lijun , Zhu Xinshenghui , Liu Kaijie , Ren Dongdong
Published: March 2024

Fe2O3 supported LaMnO3 is an effective selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification catalyst, but its reaction mechanism has not been reported yet. This article is based on the density functional theory (DFT) method to study the denitrification reaction mechanism of LaMnO3/Fe2O3 catalyst, in order to guide the development and application of denitrification catalysts. The conclusion is as follows: NH3, NO, and O2 molecules can form stable adsorption on the surface of La MnO3/γFe2O3 catalysts, and NH3 molecules are more likely to be adsorbed on Mn ions. Under the oxidation of lattice oxygen, NH3 will gradually dehydrogenate to form NH2, and then will react with NO in the air to form the transitional intermediate NH2NO, to produce N2 and H2O. The mechanisms are same on Mn and Fe sites. The dehydrogenate of NH3 to form NH2 is rate determining step. Compared with pure γFe2O3, the energy barrier decreases to promote the SCR process.
Synthesis of Self‐assembled Star/Linear Block Copolymer Blends via Aqueous RAFT Dispersion Polymerization
Authors: Wang Ruiming , Zhu Wenyu , Zhang Li , Sheng Xinxin , Tan Jianbo
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)‐mediated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) of star block copolymer and linear block copolymer using a binary mixture of a star‐like macro‐RAFT agent and a linear macro‐RAFT agent is reported. With this formulation, star block copolymer and diblock copolymer were formed simultaneously to generate colloidally stable star/linear block copolymer assemblies. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis confirmed the presence of two types of polymers in the final samples. The molar ratio of the star‐like macro‐RAFT agent and the linear macro‐RAFT agent has a significant impact on the morphology of polymer assemblies. It was found that increasing the amount of star‐like macro‐RAFT agent facilitated the formation of higher‐order morphologies. Additionally, effects of other reaction parameters including the length/number of the arm of the star‐like macro‐RAFT agent, degree of polymer (DP), monomer concentration on the morphology of star/linear block copolymer assemblies were also investigated. We expect that this work will offer new possibilities for the scalable preparation of polymer assemblies with unique structures and functions.
A bibliometric analysis of the quantitative schema therapy literature
Authors: Pilkington Pamela D. , Karantzas Gery C.
Published: March 2024

Background

The evidence base for schema therapy has evolved significantly since it was first developed by Jeffrey Young in the 1990s. The aim of this bibliometric analysis was to summarize the trends and characteristics of the quantitative literature on schema therapy.

Method

PsycINFO, PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases were last searched on 1 June 2023 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020 statement to identify peer‐reviewed journal articles written in English that reported on original quantitative research on schema therapy or schema therapy constructs. NVivo was used to complete a descriptive analysis of the bibliographic, sample and study characteristics, and a coding framework was applied to capture the aspect of the schema therapy model that was the focus of each study, as well as the study context (e.g., the population or outcomes under investigation). SciVal was used to complete citations and authorship analyses. VOSviewer was used to examine co‐authorship networks.

Results

A total of 704 quantitative studies on schema therapy were published by 483 unique first authors between 1994 and mid‐2023. Studies predominantly used correlational designs with small samples (Mdn N = 153) of mostly females aged 18 years or older. The articles tended to focus on early maladaptive schemas, rather than schema domains or schema modes. Schema therapy and its concepts were most frequently studied in the context of depression and personality disorders. SciVal analyses indicated that, on average, articles were cited 27 times, with a Field Weighted Citation Impact of 1.02.

Conclusions

Schema therapy research output appears to have slowed in recent years and several critical research gaps were evident. Areas of high priority for future research include schema modes and coping responses, and the use of developmental and longitudinal designs to evaluate several key causal assumptions in the theory underpinning schema therapy.
Use of Lentivirus‐Based Method for Establishing TK6 Human Cell Lines Expressing Cytochrome P450 and its Applications in Genotoxicity Testing
Authors: Li Xilin , Chen Si , He Xiaobo , Wu Qiangen , Guo Lei , Mei Nan
Published: March 2024

The human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6 stands out as the most widely employed human cell line in genotoxicity testing, as recommended by various testing guidelines for in vitro assessments. Nevertheless, like many testing cell lines, TK6 lacks functional phase I drug‐metabolizing enzymes crucial for chemical genotoxicity evaluations. This protocol introduces a lentivirus‐based methodology for establishing a panel of TK6‐derived cell lines, each expressing one of 14 cytochrome P450s (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7). The utilization of a lentiviral expression system ensures stable transduction, offering notable advantages such as sustained transgene expression, high transduction efficiency, positive selection feasibility, and user‐friendly application. Additionally, we present a detailed procedure for validating the enhanced expression of each CYP in the established cell lines through real‐time PCR, western blotting, and mass spectrometry analysis. Lastly, we exemplify the application of these CYP‐expressing TK6 cell lines in genotoxicity testing, employing a flow‐cytometry‐based in vitro micronucleus test. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Basic Protocol 1: Lentivirus production and transduction for TK6 cells

Support Protocol: Selecting a single clone of CYP‐expressing TK6 cells

Basic Protocol 2: Validation of CYP expression in TK6 cell lines

Basic Protocol 3: Application of transduced cell lines in flow‐cytometry‐based micronucleus assay
Synthesis of a Hydrophobic Phenanthrene‐Containing Universal Support for Solid‐Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis
Authors: Fuchi Yasufumi , Shiota Kuria , Hari Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2024

Universal solid supports are widely used in solid‐phase oligonucleotide (ON) synthesis based on phosphoramidite chemistry. Herein, we describe the synthesis of hydrophobic universal linkers, namely phenanthrene ring‐fused 7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2,3‐diol derivatives (PT linkers), their coupling to solid supports [e.g., controlled pore glass (CPG) and polystyrene (PS)], and the use of the resulting PT‐linker‐modified solid supports in ON synthesis. PT linkers were synthesized in four steps from commercial materials and subsequently attached to CPG and PS resins through succinyl and diethylene glycol‐containing spacers, respectively. Cleavage of the desired ON from the resins was accomplished under standard basic conditions, indicating that the reactivity of the PT linkers was comparable to that of conventional universal linkers. Furthermore, owing to their high hydrophobicity, the desired ON could be readily separated from impurities originating from the PT linker by reversed phase HPLC. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of phenanthrene ring‐fused 7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2,3‐diol (PT linker) derivatives

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of PT‐linker‐modified CPG and PS resins

Basic Protocol 3: Solid‐phase ON synthesis using PT‐linker‐modified solid supports and cleavage of ONs from resins
Sustainable Production of Propionic acid and Derivatives on Industrial Scale
Authors: Teles Joaquim Henrique
Published: March 2024

Propionic acid is, after acetic, formic and 2‐ethylhexanoic acids, the fourth largest industrially produced carboxylic acid in terms of capacity. In the last decades the technology to produce propionic acid has evolved and more efficient, i. e. more sustainable processes, based on the hydroformylation of ethylene to propionaldehyde and subsequent oxidation with O2 to propionic acid are capturing the growing capacity for this product. For this reason, a perspective is given on developments in sustainable production of propionic acid and derivatives on industrial scale, which is based on a recently published chapter on the same topic in the Ullmann′ Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.
Ultrafine Ni−MoOx Nanoparticles Anchored on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets: A Highly Efficient Noble‐Metal‐Free Catalyst for Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis
Authors: Liu Weihong , Yao Longhua , Sun Xiongfei , Wang Wei , Feng Gang , Yao Qilu , Zhang Lei , Lu Zhang‐Hui
Published: March 2024

The development of low‐cost and high‐efficiency catalysts for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) is still a challenging technology. Herein, ultrafine MoOx‐doped Ni nanoparticles (~3.0 nm) were anchored on g‐C3N4@glucose‐derived nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets via a phosphate‐mediated method. The strong adsorption of phosphate‐mediated nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets (PNCS) for metal ions is a key factor for the preparation of ultrasmall Ni nanoparticles (NPs). Notably, the alkaline environment formed by the reduction of metal ions removes the phosphate from the PNCS surface to generate P‐free (P)NCS so that the phosphate does not participate in the subsequent catalytic reaction. The synthesized Ni−MoOx/(P)NCS catalysts exhibited outstanding catalytic properties for the hydrolysis of AB, with a high turnover frequency (TOF) value of up to 85.7 min−1, comparable to the most efficient noble‐metal‐free catalysts and commercial Pt/C catalyst ever reported for catalytic hydrogen production from AB hydrolysis. The superior performance of Ni−MoOx/(P)NCS can be ascribed to its well‐dispersed ultrafine metal NPs, abundant surface basic sites, and electron‐rich nickel species induced by strong electronic interactions between Ni−MoOx and (P)NCS. The strategy of combining multiple modification measures adopted in this study provides new insights into the development of economical and high‐efficiency noble‐metal‐free catalysts for energy catalysis applications.
Surface functional group regulation of Ti3C2Tx based on atmospheric pressure cold plasma
Authors: Cui Weisheng , Chen Shuxiao , Duan Jialu , Zhang Ruobing
Published: March 2024

The modulation of surface properties of Ti3C2Tx plays a crucial role in its diverse applications across various fields. However, a straightforward and reliable technique for controlling its surface functional groups remains elusive. In this study, we achieved controlled modification of Ti3C2Tx surface functional groups using atmospheric‐pressure cold plasma. We evaluated the plasma generation characteristics and found that the gas parameters could influence the discharge power and lead to different gas temperatures with the same voltage. Spectral analysis confirmed the presence of numerous reactive species in the plasma, facilitating the breaking and recombination of chemical bonds of functional groups on the Ti3C2Tx surface. The interaction between the plasma jet and Ti3C2Tx film revealed that the semiconductor properties of the Ti3C2Tx film limit the plasma diffusion area, while N2 doping and increased gas flow rates respectively reduce and enlarge the coverage area of cold plasma. A brief one‐minute cold plasma treatment induced a slight etching effect on the Ti3C2Tx film surface, effectively altering the ‐O and ‐F functional groups. However, it is noteworthy that excessive cold plasma treatment in the air may result in partial oxidation of Ti3C2Tx, necessitating the use of custom gas environments in further applications. This research provides valuable insights into surface modification techniques for Ti3C2Tx with potential implications in a wide range of applications.
Risk factors and cognitive correlates of white matter hyperintensities in ethnically diverse populations without dementia: The COSMIC consortium
Authors: Lin Keshuo , Wen Wei , Lipnicki Darren M. , Mewton Louise , Chen Rory , Du Jing , Wang Dadong , Skoog Ingmar , Sterner Therese Rydberg , Najar Jenna , Kim Ki Woong , Han Ji Won , Kim Jun Sung , Ng Tze Pin , Ho Roger , Chua Denise Qian Ling , Anstey Kaarin J. , Cherbuin Nicolas , Mortby Moyra E. , Brodaty Henry , Kochan Nicole , Sachdev Perminder S. , Jiang Jiyang ,   for the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are an important imaging marker for cerebral small vessel diseases, but their risk factors and cognitive associations have not been well documented in populations of different ethnicities and/or from different geographical regions.

METHODS

We investigated how WMHs were associated with vascular risk factors and cognition in both Whites and Asians, using data from five population‐based cohorts of non‐demented older individuals from Australia, Singapore, South Korea, and Sweden (N = 1946). WMH volumes (whole brain, periventricular, and deep) were quantified with UBO Detector and harmonized using the ComBat model. We also harmonized various vascular risk factors and scores for global cognition and individual cognitive domains.

RESULTS

Factors associated with larger whole brain WMH volumes included diabetes, hypertension, stroke, current smoking, body mass index, higher alcohol intake, and insufficient physical activity. Hypertension and stroke had stronger associations with WMH volumes in Whites than in Asians. No associations between WMH volumes and cognitive performance were found after correction for multiple testing.

CONCLUSION

The current study highlights ethnic differences in the contributions of vascular risk factors to WMHs.
Seeing parents as valuable partners can promote student success
Authors: Couture Rene
Published: March 2024

Parents don’t have to be scary. I’ll admit, when I knew that I had both a student and parent(s) waiting in the lobby for an advising appointment, a touch of anxiety kicked in and my advising approach became much more formal. I dreaded working with parents. I thought to myself, “Why are they coddling their kids so much? These students are adults, after all.” But then I became a parent, and everything changed. I began to imagine my small children as college students in the future and how I would want advisors and others to treat them.
Termination
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: March 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Illness duration and treatment outcome of intensive cognitive‐behavioral therapy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Calugi Simona , Dalle Grave Anna , Chimini Mirko , Lorusso Anna , Dalle Grave Riccardo
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an intensive treatment based on enhanced cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT‐E) in patients aged between 12 and 18 years with anorexia nervosa with a duration of illness <3 versus ≥3 years.

Methods

One hundred and fifty‐nine consecutively treated patients (n = 122 with illness duration <3 years and n = 37 ≥ 3 years) were enrolled in a 20‐week intensive CBT‐E program. All patients underwent assessment at admission, end of treatment (EOT), and 20‐week follow‐up. The following measures were used: body mass index (BMI)‐for‐age percentile and percentage of expected body weight (EBW), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Clinical Impairment Assessment.

Results

Approximately 81% of eligible patients began the program, with over 80% successfully completing it. Patients with a longer or shorter duration of illness did not show significantly different treatment outcomes. In detail, BMI‐for‐age percentile and percentage of EBW outcomes were significantly improved from baseline to EOT, remaining stable until 20‐week follow‐up in both groups. Similarly, in both groups, scores for eating disorder psychopathology, general psychopathology, and clinical impairment decreased significantly at EOT and remained stable from EOT to follow‐up. Furthermore, a substantial percentage of adolescents in both groups achieved a good BMI outcome at EOT and 20‐week follow‐up, with approximately 60% maintaining a full response at the latter time point.

Discussion

These findings suggest that intensive CBT‐E appears to be an effective treatment for severely ill adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa, regardless of whether the duration of illness is shorter or longer than 3 years.

Public Significance

Existing treatment outcome studies in adolescents, whether randomized controlled trials or longitudinal investigations, typically involve patients with less than 3 years of illness, while data on the treatment outcomes for adolescents with anorexia nervosa with an illness duration of 3 years or over is very limited. Our findings suggest that adolescents with anorexia nervosa, irrespective of the duration of their illness, can derive similar benefits from intensively CBT‐E.
Assessing the analytical reliability of traditional and novel sampling methods for the study of flower rewards quality
Authors: Pioltelli E. , Guzzetti L. , Copetta A. , Labra M. , Galimberti A. , Guidi Nissim W. , Biella P.
Published: March 2024

Pollinator insects are declining worldwide also due to the alteration of their diet which plays a pivotal role in influencing their health status. Despite interspecific and intraspecific diversity in the diet, pollinators completely or partly rely on pollen and nectar as food sources. A precise characterization of the chemical composition of these flower resources represents a key step in the definition of pollinators' nutritional ecology. However, pollen and nectar represent challenging sources to collect and analyze, especially due to their small amounts per flower, and the application of suitable sampling and analysis tools is a pivotal step to perform dedicated studies and comparisons. Here, we compared a recently proposed tool based on a portable vacuum cleaner for floral pollen collection (E‐PoSa, i.e., Electronic Pollen Sampler) with traditional pollen sampling methods (i.e., anther collection and anther sieving) together with the evaluation of different nectar sampling techniques (i.e., centrifugation, microcapillaries, washing, and microrinsing) by looking at the differences in their quantitative recovery as well as their chemical profiling. Pollen and nectar were collected from three model flower species each. Our results demonstrated that different collection methods introduce biases in the nutritional profiling of floral rewards and specifically: (1) underestimation of the pollen protein and lipid content in the anther collection method; (2) reduction in the volume of recovered nectar by centrifugation; (3) overestimation of the glucose content in the nectar collected by flower washing and underestimation of the glucose content by microrinsing; and (4) relevant biases in the phytochemical profiles of pollen and nectar by analyzing the whole anthers and the nectar collected by washing the entire flower. Differences in methods were not directly related to the different productivity of pollen and nectar across species. The final goal of the study is to propose standardized, comparable, and easily accessible strategies for the study of flower resources that ultimately impact on pollinators' nutritional ecology. Acknowledging the potential influences of the sampling techniques and moving toward shared field protocols will advance the comprehension of species interactions, foraging patterns, and pollinators' nutritional needs.