Evaluasi Ukuran Biji Beras, Kadar Kafein, dan Mutu Cita Rasa Lima Kultivar Kopi Arabika
Authors: Randriani Enny , Dani Dani , Wardiana Edi 
Published: September 2016

<p>Perbaikan mutu fisik, biokimia, dan cita rasa berbasis kultivar penting dilakukan saat ini untuk meningkatkan daya saing kopi Indonesia di pasar global. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman ukuran biji, kadar kafein, dan mutu cita rasa lima kultivar kopi Arabika, yaitu ABP-1, ABP-2, ABP-3, AGK-1, dan S-795. Kelima kultivar tersebut ditanam pada tahun 2008 oleh petani di Desa Marga Mulya, Kecamatan Cikandang, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat pada ketinggian 1.300 m di atas permukaan laut. Biji dari masing-masing kultivar dipanen pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2013 melalui prosedur pengolahan basah. Sampel sebanyak 100 biji beras dari masing-masing kultivar diambil secara acak untuk pengukuran panjang, lebar, tebal, dan bobot 100 biji beras. Pengukuran tersebut diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Analisis varian satu arah dan analisis gerombol dilakukan terhadap data hasil pengukuran. Selain itu, sampel sebanyak 500 gram biji beras dari masing-masing kultivar digunakan untuk pengujian mutu fisik, kimia, dan cita rasa. Ukuran biji beras diklasifikasikan berdasarkan standar SNI 01-2907-2008, sedangkan kandungan kafein diuji berdasarkan prosedur Official Method of Analysis AOAC. Penilaian mutu seduhan mengacu kepada protokol Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa biji beras kultivar ABP-1, ABP-2, AGK-1, dan S-795 termasuk dalam kategori besar, meskipun berdasarkan analisis gerombol terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok. Hanya kultivar ABP-3 yang memiliki ukuran biji beras tergolong kecil dan mengelompok sendiri. Kandungan kafein biji kultivar ABP-1, ABP-2, dan S-795 di bawah 1%, sedangkan ABP-3 dan AGK-1 lebih besar dari 1%. Meskipun demikian, semua kultivar yang diuji termasuk dalam kategori spesialti karena nilai akhirnya mencapai &gt; 80,00.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Kopi Arabika, spesialti, seleksi, spesifik lokasi</p><p>Cultivar-based quality improvement of Arabica coffee is very important in order to increase competitiveness of Indonesian coffee product in global market. The objectives of this study were to identify the diversity of green bean size, levels of caffeine, and quality among five Arabica coffee cultivars that cultivated by farmers in West Java, ABP-1, ABP-2, ABP-3, AGK-1, and S-795. The research was conducted at 1.300 m above sea level in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Ripe cherries samples of each cultivars grown in the same area was taken in July-August 2013. Seeds were separated from the rind using wet processing procedure. Sample of 100 green beans were randomly taken for measurement of length, width, thickness, and weight of 100 green beans. Measurements were repeated three times and collected data were analyzed with analysis of variance and analysis of clusters methods. In addition, samples of 500 grams of green beans were taken from each cultivars and subsequently used for testing the quality of the physical, chemical and cupping. Green bean size was determined according to SNI 01-2907-2008, while caffeine content was analysed using AOAC Official Method of Analysis. Cupping test protocol was refer to the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) method. The results showed that green bean size of ABP-1, ABP-2, AGK-, and S-795 cultivars were classified as large, even though they were clustered into two distinct groups. On the other hand, ABP-3 cultivar produced a small green bean size and solely separated into third group. Caffeine content of ABP-1, ABP-2, and S-795 cultivars were of &lt; 1%, meanwhile ABP-3 and AGK-1 cultivars were of &gt;1%. However, the quality and taste of all cultivars have very good cup quality (score&gt; 80) and meets the criteria for specialty coffee.</p>