bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Usefulness of Spectral Bands for the Next Generation of Sentinel-2 Satellites by Reconstruction of Missing Bands
Authors: Inglada Jordi , Michel Julien , Hagolle Olivier
Published: May 2022

The Sentinel-2 constellation has been providing high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution optical imagery of the continental surfaces since 2015. The spatial and temporal resolution improvements that Sentinel-2 brings with respect to previous systems have been demonstrated in both the literature and operational applications. On the other hand, the spectral capabilities of Sentinel-2 appear to have been exploited to a limited extent only. At the moment of definition of the new generation of Sentinel-2 satellites, an assessment of the usefulness of the current available spectral bands seems appropriate. In this work, we investigate the unique information contained by each 20 m resolution Sentinel-2 band. A statistical quantitative approach is adopted in order to yield conclusions that are application agnostic: multivariate regression is used to reconstruct some bands, using the others as predictors. We conclude that, for most observed surfaces, it is possible to reconstruct the reflectances of most red edge or NIR bands from the rest of the observed bands with an accuracy within the radiometric requirements of Sentinel-2. Removing two of those bands could be possible at the cost of slightly higher reconstruction errors. We also identify mission scenarios for which several of the current Sentinel-2 bands could be removed for the next generation of sensors.
Digital Mapping of Soil Organic Carbon with Machine Learning in Dryland of Northeast and North Plain China
Authors: Zhang Xianglin , Xue Jie , Chen Songchao , Wang Nan , Shi Zhou , Huang Yuanfang , Zhuo Zhiqing
Published: May 2022

Due to the importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) in supporting ecosystem services, accurate SOC assessment is vital for scientific research and decision making. However, most previous studies focused on single soil depth, leading to a poor understanding of SOC in multiple depths. To better understand the spatial distribution pattern of SOC in Northeast and North China Plain, we compared three machine learning algorithms (i.e., Cubist, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF)) within the digital soil mapping framework. A total of 386 sampling sites (1584 samples) following specific criteria covering all dryland districts and counties and soil types in four depths (i.e., 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm) were collected in 2017. After feature selection from 249 environmental covariates by the Genetic Algorithm, 29 variables were used to fit models. The results showed SOC increased from southern to northern regions in the spatial scale and decreased with soil depths. From the result of independent verification (validation dataset: 80 sampling sites), RF (R2: 0.58, 0.71, 0.73, 0.74 and RMSE: 3.49, 3.49, 2.95, 2.80 g kg−1 in four depths) performed better than Cubist (R2: 0.46, 0.63, 0.67, 0.71 and RMSE: 3.83, 3.60, 3.03, 2.72 g kg−1) and XGBoost (R2: 0.53, 0.67, 0.70, 0.71 and RMSE: 3.60, 3.60, 3.00, 2.83 g kg−1) in terms of prediction accuracy and robustness. Soil, parent material and organism were the most important covariates in SOC prediction. This study provides the up-to-date spatial distribution of dryland SOC in Northeast and North China Plain, which is of great value for evaluating dynamics of soil quality after long-term cultivation.
Drone-Sensed and Sap Flux-Derived Leaf Phenology in a Cool Temperate Deciduous Forest: A Tree-Level Comparison of 17 Species
Authors: Budianti Noviana , Naramoto Masaaki , Iio Atsuhiro
Published: May 2022

Understanding the relationship between leaf phenology and physiological properties has important implications for improving ecosystem models of biogeochemical cycling. However, previous studies have investigated such relationships only at the ecosystem level, limiting the biological interpretation and application of the observed relationships due to the complex vegetation structure of forest ecosystems. Additionally, studies focusing on transpiration are generally limited compared to those on photosynthesis. Thus, we investigated the relationship between stem sap flux density (SFD) and crown leaf phenology at the individual tree level using the heat dissipation method, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based observation, and ground-based visual observation across 17 species in a cool temperate forest in Japan, and assessed the potential of UAV-derived phenological metrics to track individual tree-level sap flow phenology. We computed five leaf phenological metrics (four from UAV imagery and one from ground observations) and evaluated the consistency of seasonality between the phenological metrics and SFD using Bayesian modelling. Although seasonal trajectories of the leaf phenological metrics differed markedly among the species, the daytime total SFD (SFDday) estimated by the phenological metrics was significantly correlated with the measured ones across the species, irrespective of the type of metric. Crown leaf cover derived from ground observations (CLCground) showed the highest ability to predict SFDday, suggesting that the seasonality of leaf amount rather than leaf color plays a predominant role in sap flow phenology in this ecosystem. Among the UAV metrics, Hue had a superior ability to predict SFDday compared with the other metrics because it showed seasonality similar to CLCground. However, all leaf phenological metrics showed earlier spring increases than did sap flow in more than half of the individuals. Our study revealed that UAV metrics could be used as predictors of sap flow phenology for deciduous species in cool, temperate forests. However, for a more accurate prediction, phenological metrics representing the spring development of sap flow must be explored.
Comprehensive Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval and Application Platform Based on Various Water Vapor Detection Techniques
Authors: Zhao Qingzhi , Zhang Xiaoya , Wu Kan , Liu Yang , Li Zufeng , Shi Yun
Published: May 2022

Atmospheric water vapor is one of the important parameters for weather and climate studies. Generally, atmospheric water vapor can be monitored by some techniques, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), radiosonde (RS), remote sensing and numerical weather forecast (NWF). However, the comprehensive retrieval and application of precipitable water vapor (PWV) using multi techniques has been hardly performed before, which becomes the focus of this study. A comprehensive PWV retrieval and application platform (CPRAP) is first established by combing the ground-based (GNSS), space-based (Fengyun-3A, Sentinel-3A) and reanalysis-based (the fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, ERA5) techniques. Additionally, its applications are then extended to drought and rainfall monitoring using the CPRAP-derived PWV. The statistical result shows that PWV derived from ground-based GNSS has high accuracy in China, with the root mean square (RMS), Bias and mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.15, 0.05 and 1.65 mm, respectively, when the RS-derived PWV is regarded as the reference. In addition, the accuracy of PWV derived from the space-based (FY-3A and Sentinel-3A) techniques technique is also validated and the RMS, Bias and MAE of a Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) onboard Fengyun-3A (FY-3A) and an Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A are 4.46/0.56/3.61 mm and 2.95/0.01/1.37 mm, respectively. Then, the performance of ERA5-derived PWV is evaluated based on GNSS-derived and RS-derived PWV. The result also shows good accuracy of ERA5-provided PWV with the averaged RMS, Bias and MAE of 1.86/0.11/1.48 mm and 0.90/−0.05/1.51 mm, respectively. Finally, the PWV data derived from the established CPRAP are further used for drought and rainfall monitoring. The applied results reveal that the calculated the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) using the CPRAP-derived PWV can monitor the drought and the correlation coefficient ranges from 0.83 to 0.9 when compared with the SPEI. Furthermore, in this paper correlation analysis between PWV derived from the CPRAP and rainfall, and its potential for rainfall monitoring was also validated. Such results verify the significance of the established CPRAP for weather and climate studies.
A Registration Method for Dual-Frequency, High-Spatial-Resolution SAR Images
Authors: Huang Junnan , An Daoxiang , Luo Yuxiao , Chen Jingwei , Zhou Zhimin , Chen Leping , Feng Dong
Published: May 2022

With the continuous development of synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) technology, SAR-image data are becoming increasingly abundant. For the same scene, dual-frequency (high-frequency and low-frequency) SAR images can present different details and feature information. Image fusion of the two frequencies can combine the advantages of both, thus describing targets more comprehensively. Image registration is the key step of image fusion and determines the quality of fusion. Due to the complex geometric distortion and gray variance between dual-frequency SAR images with high resolution, it is difficult to realize accurate registration between the two. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a method to achieve accurate registration by combining edge features and gray information. Firstly, this paper applies the edge features of images and a registration algorithm based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) to realize rapid coarse registration. Then, combining a registration algorithm based on the enhanced correlation coefficient (ECC) with the concept of segmentation, the coarse-registration result is registered to achieve accurate registration. Finally, by processing the airborne L-band and Ku-band SAR data, the correctness, effectiveness, and practicability of the proposed method are verified, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 2.
Flexible Pressure Sensor Array with Multi-Channel Wireless Readout Chip
Authors: Wangxu Haohan , Lyu Liangjian , Bi Hengchang , Wu Xing
Published: May 2022

Flexible sensor arrays are widely used for wearable physiological signal recording applications. A high density sensor array requires the signal readout to be compatible with multiple channels. This paper presents a highly-integrated remote health monitoring system integrating a flexible pressure sensor array with a multi-channel wireless readout chip. The custom-designed chip features 64 voltage readout channels, a power management unit, and a wireless transceiver. The whole chip fabricated in a 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process occupies 3.7 × 3.7 mm2, and the core blocks consume 2.3 mW from a 1 V supply in the wireless recording mode. The proposed multi-channel system is validated by measuring the ballistocardiogram (BCG) and pulse wave, which paves the way for future portable remote human physiological signals monitoring devices.
3D Object Detection Based on Attention and Multi-Scale Feature Fusion
Authors: Liu Minghui , Ma Jinming , Zheng Qiuping , Liu Yuchen , Shi Gang
Published: May 2022

Three-dimensional object detection in the point cloud can provide more accurate object data for autonomous driving. In this paper, we propose a method named MA-MFFC that uses an attention mechanism and a multi-scale feature fusion network with ConvNeXt module to improve the accuracy of object detection. The multi-attention (MA) module contains point-channel attention and voxel attention, which are used in voxelization and 3D backbone. By considering the point-wise and channel-wise, the attention mechanism enhances the information of key points in voxels, suppresses background point clouds in voxelization, and improves the robustness of the network. The voxel attention module is used in the 3D backbone to obtain more robust and discriminative voxel features. The MFFC module contains the multi-scale feature fusion network and the ConvNeXt module; the multi-scale feature fusion network can extract rich feature information and improve the detection accuracy, and the convolutional layer is replaced with the ConvNeXt module to enhance the feature extraction capability of the network. The experimental results show that the average accuracy is 64.60% for pedestrians and 80.92% for cyclists on the KITTI dataset, which is 1.33% and 2.1% higher, respectively, compared with the baseline network, enabling more accurate detection and localization of more difficult objects.
The role of mass vaccination of the population in the prevention of COVID-19
Authors:   Autonomous Institution of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, Khanty-Mansiysk, Krivosheev Vladimir Vasil'evich , Stolyarov Artem Igorevich ,   Autonomous Institution of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, Khanty-Mansiysk, Nikitina Lidiya Ur'evna ,   Clinical and Diagnostic Center «MEDSI na Belorusskoj», Moscow
Published: May 2022

In Russia, the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic began, much more dangerous than all the previous ones, so the problem of vaccination of the population, as the main way to prevent incidence, is extremely urgent. The work statistically studied the dependence оf the population incidence of thirty countries in Europe, America and Asia on the level of vaccination of the population. The research results showed that on the territory of Western Europe for the once vaccinated population, the minimum required coverage of the population, providing a significant decrease in the incidence rate, is 70 %. For a double-vaccinated population, the minimum required vaccination coverage is on average 61 %. The most prominent, inevitable decrease in the incidence rate occurs when the entire population is covered by double vaccination in the range from 70 to 90 %. The vaccination threshold of 60 % (of the total Russia population) announced in the Russian Federation, according to the authors, will not be able to solve the problem of preventing the COVID-19 pandemic in our country totally.
Assessment of the impact of invasive interventions on the risk of urinary tract infections as a form of HAI in patients of different age groups on the example of large multidisciplinary hospitals in the Altai Region
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Altai State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sursyakova Kseniya Ivanovna , Safyanova Tatyana Viktorovna ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Altai State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dronov Sergey Vadimovich ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Altai State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kozlov Denis Yurievich ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Altai State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2022

In order to evaluate invasive interventions for the prognosis of development with urinary tract infections (UTIs), as a form of infections associated with the provision of medical care (ISMP)), 1200 patient case histories were selected among patients of different age groups for the period from 2007–2019. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1–700 patients (patients older than 65 years), group 2–500 patients (patients aged 18–64 years). Using the method of discriminant analysis (using the statistical computer package IBM SPSS 23), a prognostic function was constructed for patients of both age groups, when calculating which the indicators of surgical intervention in the kidney and bladder area and catheterization of the bladder were analyzed, as well as the combination of these indicators with the most common somatic diseases that were isolated among patients from both groups.
Distance learning opportunities in History teaching: ideas, technologies, methods and tools
Authors:   OBPOU «KTS», Kursk, Domasheva Tatyana Vasilievna
Published: May 2022

The modern information society requires from both the teacher and the student the ability to adapt to changing conditions, not just freely navigate the information field, but freely work on any platforms, work in an online format. Distance learning forced us to reconsider the format of material presentation and the format of the survey, required a quick transition from tradition to innovation, the ability to motivate the student who is on the other side of the screen. But at the same time, it was very important not to devastate yourself at online work, not to burn out the teacher himself. This article examines the methods and techniques brought about by the need to introduce distance learning. The possibility of using products developed by senior students — programmers, the formation of general competencies and universal educational actions when working remotely is shown.
Fight against cybercrime
Authors:   Institute of Politics and Law of the Russian-Armenian University Yerevan, Republic of Armenia, Martirosyan Lilit Grachovna
Published: May 2022

Cybercrime problems are gaining relevance every year. The spread of home computer equipment in Russia began in the 90s. XX century At that time, only a small part of the population had personal computers, electronic payment systems had just appeared, and the word «hacker» was more familiar from science fiction literature than from real collisions with the consequences of the activities of such persons. Currently, the situation has changed dramatically. «Combating cybercrime» is an interdisciplinary discipline that includes certain elements of such sciences as criminal law, criminology, forensics, public and private international law, criminal procedure, administrative law, and civil law. The multicomponent content of the discipline is due to the complexity and multidimensionality of the studied object. This article examines the concept of cybercrime, the reasons for its occurrence, as well as the types of cybercrime using information technology.
Some problematic issues related to voluntary dismissal in the conditions of electronic personnel document management
Authors:   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Lomakina L.A.
Published: May 2022

The article deals with problematic issues of the procedure and conditions for termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employee. The purpose of the study is both the law enforcement practice of courts and the analysis of legal norms regulating the termination of an employment contract in the conditions of personnel electronic document management and its relationship with the general procedure for termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employee.
Time frame for bringing public servants to disciplinary action for corruption offences
Authors:   O.E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Dobrobaba M.B.
Published: May 2022

The imposition of any type of legal liability is usually connected with the establishment of a period from the moment of the commission and/or detection of the committed offense. Such deadlines are also established in relation to the disciplinary liability of public officials for committing corruption offenses. According to the authors of the article, the introduction of the concept of a continuing corruption offense into the theory and practice of official law with the establishment of the peculiarities of calculating the time limits for its commission would help to increase the effectiveness of the institution of disciplinary liability of employees.
How parents and children evaluate emollients for childhood eczema: a qualitative study
Authors: Sutton Eileen , Shaw Alison RG , Ridd Matthew J , Santer Miriam , Roberts Amanda , Baxter Helen , Williams Hywel C , Banks Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Background

Eczema affects one in five children in the UK. Regular application of emollients is routinely recommended for children with eczema. There are four main emollient types, but no clear evidence of which is best. The current ‘trial and error’ approach to find suitable emollients can be frustrating for parents, children, and clinicians.

Aim

To identify how parents and children experience and evaluate emollients.

Design and setting

Qualitative interview study, nested within a primary care trial of emollients (Best Emollients for Eczema [BEE] trial).

Method

Semi-structured interviews with children with eczema and their parents were conducted. Participants were purposively sampled on emollient type (lotion, cream, gel, or ointment), age, and eczema severity.

Results

Forty-four parents were interviewed, with children participating in 24 of those interviews. There was no clear preference for any one emollient type. The strongest theme was the variation of experience in each of the four types. Participants focused on thickness and absorbency, both positively and negatively, to frame their evaluations. Effectiveness and acceptability were both considered when evaluating an emollient but effectiveness was the primary driver for continued use. For some, participating in the trial had changed their knowledge and behaviour of emollients, resulting in use that was more regular and for a longer duration.

Conclusion

There is no one emollient that is suitable for everyone, and parents/children prioritise different aspects of emollients. Future research could evaluate decision aids and/or tester pots of different types, which could enable clinicians and parents/children to work collaboratively to identify the best emollient for them.
El uso de marketing digital en los emprendimientos del cantón Chone
Authors: Zambrano Alcívar Katty Gisella , Párraga Zambrano Lenin Andrés , Mendoza Ponce Henry Xavier , Mendoza Ponce María Gabriela
Published: May 2022

El constante crecimiento de internet y una pandemia ha provocado que los diferentes sectores empresariales tengan cambios significativos, considerando los espacios digitales como una herramienta primordial en las actividades comerciales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el uso del marketing digital en los emprendimientos del cantón Chone. El método que se aplicó fue el descriptivo, considerando que se detalla la información encontrada y los resultados más relevantes. Las conclusiones en comparación a las tendencias actuales es que se utiliza muy poco el marketing digital, los emprendedores están conscientes de su importancia, sin embargo, no utilizan las herramientas digitales para promocionar sus productos o servicios.
Healthy life expectancy of people over age 65: results of the Russian epidemiological study EVCALIPT
Authors: Папанова Е.К. , Воробьева Н.М. , Котовская Ю.В. , Ткачева О.Н. , Овчарова Л.Н. , Селезнева Е.В.
Published: May 2022

Состояние здоровья населения является важным показателем не только общего благополучия населения, но имеет и практическую значимость, так как определяет расходы на обеспечение ухода за пожилыми людьми, социальную и медицинскую помощь. В исследовании представлена оценка ожидаемой продолжительности жизни лиц старше 65 лет и сопоставление полученных результатов с данными выборочных обследований населения в России и странах Европы. Также приводится оценка ожидаемой продолжительности жизни без ограничений базовой и инструментальной активности.

Population health is an important indicator of the general well-being of the population, and it has it’s practical significance, as it determines the costs of providing care, social and medical assistance for the elderly. The study presents an assessment of healthy life expectancy indicators of people over age 65 based on the results of the Russian epidemiological study EVCALIPT and a comparison of this results with data from other surveys in Russia and European countries.
Influence of age of patients with bronchopulmonary pathology on low-molecular DNA concentration in blood plasma
Authors: Васильева И.Н. , Иванов С.Д.
Published: May 2022

Цель работы - определение концентрации низкомолекулярной ДНК (нмДНК) плазмы крови (нмДНК) у пациентов с ХОБЛ и хроническим необструктивным бронхитом (ХНБ) двух возрастных групп - 34-59 и 60-80 лет. Уровень нмДНК у здоровых доноров, больных ХНБ и здоровых родственников больных ХОБЛ в этих возрастных группах достоверно не различался. По сравнению с донорами, концентрации нмДНК у больных ХОБЛ были значительно ниже. Вместе с тем, у больных 34- 59 лет c ХОБЛ уровень нмДНК был снижен более чем в 5 раз по сравнению с величиной биохимического показателя у одновозрастных здоровых родственников, но к 60-80 годам у больных значения биохимического параметра повышались и достоверно не различались в обследованных возрастных группах. Редукция нмДНК при ХОБЛ отражала сниженную системную апоптозную активность в организме больных. Значимые различия концентрации нмДНК у пациентов 34-59 лет с ХОБЛ и ХНБ в состоянии ремиссии могут быть использованы для дифференциальной диагностики развития этих патологических процессов. До 60-80 лет доживают больные ХОБЛ, у кого уровень нмДНК достигает такового у здоровых одновозрастных родственников, что может свидетельствовать об участии эпигенетических механизмов в процессе старения.

The aim of the work was to determine the concentration of low-molecular-weight plasma DNA (lmDNA) in patients with COPD and chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (CnonB) of two age groups - 34-59 and 60-80 years. The levels of lmDNA in healthy donors, patients with CnonB, healthy relatives of patients with COPD did not differ, while the concentration of lmDNA in patients with COPD was significantly lower. In COPD patients aged 34-59 years, the level of lmDNA was reduced by more than 7 times, and in COPD patients who survived to 60-80 years, it was 3 times lower compared to the value of this biochemical indicator in healthy donors of the same age. The reduction of lmDNA reflected a reduced systemic apoptotic activity in the body of patients with COPD. A significant difference in the concentration of lmDNA in patients with COPD and CnonB in remission can be used for differential diagnosis of the development of these pathological processes. An increase in the low level of lmDNA in COPD patients during aging may indicate the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in life extension.
Motivational interviewing of older patients to participate in self-management programs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Куколь Л.В. , Обрезан А.Г. , Пупышев А.В.
Published: May 2022

Цель работы - создание методики отбора пожилых пациентов с высокой степенью мотивации к управлению своим заболеванием при ХОБЛ. Разработан алгоритм оценки мотивации пациента, состоящий из двух шагов - мотивационного интервью и расчета мотивационного потенциала (МП). Интервью проводили с использованием анкеты, состоящей из четырех блоков. МП рассчитывают как сумму вкладов влияния блоков с выбранными весовыми коэффициентами. Результаты оценки МП позволяют стратифицировать пациентов для участия в программах самоуправления на три психотипа: мотивированные (МП≥0,5), немотивированные (МП≤0,25) и неопределившиеся (0,25<МП<0,5). Для определения МП были проинтервьюированы 144 пациента с ХОБЛ: 111 мужчин (средний возраст - 68,5±4,6 года) и 33 женщины (средний возраст - 71,2±3,4 года), min - 60 лет, max - 75 лет; средняя продолжительность заболевания - 5,48±1,2 года. У 117 пациентов была III стадия ХОБЛ, у 27 - II. Получено, что значение МП, равное 0,5 и более, имеют 49 (34 %) пациентов, МП 0,25-0,5 - 76 (52,8 %), а 19 (13,2 %) отнесены к немотивированным пациентам (МП≤0,25). Предложенный алгоритм оценки МП отличается простотой отбора пожилых пациентов для реализации программ самоуправления при ХОБЛ.

The aim of this work is to create a methodology for the selection of older patients with a high degree of motivation to manage their disease in COPD. An algorithm for assessing the patient’s motivation has been developed, consisting of 2 steps: a motivational interview and a calculation of motivational potential (MP). The interview is conducted using a questionnaire consisting of 4 blocks. Motivational potential is calculated as the sum of the influence contributions of blocks with selected weighting coefficients. The results of the MP potential assessment allow stratifying patients for participation in self-management programs into 3 psychotypes: motivated (MP≥0,5), unmotivated (MP≤0,25) and undecided (0,25≤MP≤0,5). To determine MP, 144 patients with COPD were interviewed: 111 men, mean age 68,5±4,6; women - 33, mean age 71,2±3,4 (minimum - 60 years, maximum - 75 years). The average duration of the disease was 5,48±1,2 years. 117 patients had stage 3 COPD, 27 patients had stage 2. It was found that 49/34 % of patients have MT of 0.5 or more, 76/52,8 % have 0,25 to 0,5, and 19/13,2 % are unmotivated patients (MT<0,25). The proposed algorithm for assessing the motivational potential is distinguished by the simplicity of selecting elderly patients for the implementation of self-management programs in COPD.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОНЯТИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕМ
Authors: Кудайбердиева Г.
Published: May 2022

Управление образованием относится к важнейшим проблемам педагогики и нацелена на развитие системы образования. В условиях непрерывного возрастания роли образования в современном мире, совершенствование управления образованием рассматривается как важнейшее средство повышения его эффективности. В статье рассмотрены вопросы о сущности управления образовательной системой. Отмечается, что целью управления является обеспечение требуемого поведения или изменение характеристик образовательной системы. В статье проанализированы работы, посвященные определению сути понятий «управление», «управление образованием». Охарактеризованы свойства, характеристики и уровни управления образованием. Автором предложены этапы управления образованием, охарактеризованы общие и специфические функции управления образовательной системой. Статья адресована исследователям, изучающим проблемы качества школьного образования, вопросы по формированию понятий об управлении образованием.
Билим берүүнү башкаруу педагогиканын маанилүү проблемаларынан болуп эсептелет жана билим берүү системасын өнүктүрүүгө максатталган. Заманбап дүйнөдөгү билим берүүнүн ролунун үзгүлтүксүз жогорулашынын шартында, билим берүүнү башкарууну өркүндөтүү анын эффективдүүлүгүн жогорулатуунун каражаты катары каралат. Макалада билим берүүнү башкаруу системасынын маӊызы тууралуу маселе каралган. Башкаруунун максаты деп билим берүү системасынын талап кылынган жүрүм турумун камсыз кылуу жана анын мүнөзүн өзгөртүү белгиленген. Макалада «башкаруу», «билим берүүнү башкаруу» түшүнүктөрүнүн маӊызына багытталган адабияттарга талдоо жүргүзүлгөн. Билим берүүнү башкаруунун касиеттери, мүнөздөмөлөрү жана деӊгээлдери мүнөздөлгөн. Автор тарабынан билим берүүнү башкаруунун этаптары, билим берүүнү башкаруу системасынын жалпы жана спецификалык функциялары мүнөздөлгөн. Макала мектептик билим берүүнүн сапатын камсыз кылуу, билим берүүнү башкаруу тууралуу түшүнүктөрдү калыптандыруу проблемасы боюнча иликтенген изилдөөчүлөргө арналат.
Education management is one of the most important problems of pedagogy and is aimed at the development of the education system. In the context of the continuous growth of the role of education in the modern world, the improvement of education management is considered as the most important means of increasing its effectiveness. The article deals with the questions about the essence of management of the educational system. It is noted that the goal of management is to ensure the required behavior or change the characteristics of the educational system. The article analyzes the works devoted to the definition of the essence of the concepts of «management», «education management». The properties, characteristics and levels of education management are characterized. The author proposes the stages of education management, characterizes the general and specific functions of management of the educational system. The article is addressed to researchers studying the problems of the quality of school education, questions on the formation of concepts about education management.
МЕДИК СТУДЕНТТЕРДИН АНГЛИС ТИЛИНДЕ КЕСИПТИК БАЙЛАНЫШ КЕБИН КАЛЫПТАНДЫРУУНУН КӨЙГӨЙЛӨРҮ ЖАНА АНЫ ЧЕЧҮҮНҮН ЫК-УСУЛДАРЫ
Authors: Ниязова Ж.
Published: May 2022

Макалада медик студенттердин англис тилинде кесиптик байланыш кебин калыптандырууга тоскоол болгон көйгөйлөр жана аны медициналык багыттагы кесиптик билим берүүдө чечүү жолдору талдоого алынат. Азыркы коомго мүнөздүү рыноктук мамиледе конкуренцияга туруштук берүү талаптарын сапаттуу аткаруу үчүн медициналык кесиптик билим берүүнү инсанга багыттап окутуунун зарылдыгы, сабактын мазмунунда адистин турмушунда керек болгон көндүмдөрдү үйрөтүү менен окутуу формаларын тандоо жолдору чечмеленет. Кыргызстандын медициналык кесиптик билим берүүсү өзүн илимий жактан ала электиги, адистиктин ички сырларын толук өздөштүрүү үчүн жарандын муктаждыгын чечүүдө кандай шарттарды эске алууну талапка ылайык аткара албай жатканы макалада мисалдар менен көрсөтүлөт. Жарандык коомдо түзүлгөн инсандын кесипке болгон социалдык керектөөсү англис тилин үйрөнүү үчүн маанилүү экени да макалада кеп болот.
В статье анализируются проблемы, препятствующие формированию профессиональных
коммуникативных навыков студентов-медиков на английском языке, и пути их решения в профессиональном образовании в сфере медицины. Для того, чтобы качественно удовлетворить требования конкурентоспособности в современной рыночной экономике, потребность в личностно-ориентированном медицинском образовании, содержание курса объясняет выбор форм обучения, обычая навыкам, необходимым для жизни специалиста. Статья иллюстрирует тот факт, что медицинское профессиональное образование в Кыргызстане ещё не получило учёную степень, и не отвечает требования по учету потребностей граждан для полного овладения секретами профессии. В статье также обсуждается важность социальных потребностей человека в профессии для изучения английского языка.
The article analyzes the problems that hinder the formation of professional communication skills of medical students in English, and the ways of their solution in professional education in the field of medicine. In order to qualitatively meet the requirements of competitiveness in a modern market economy, the need for personality-oriented medical education, the content of the course explains the choice of forms of education, teaching the skills necessary for the life of a specialist. The article illustrates the fact that medical professional education in Kyrgyzstan has not yet received in academic degree, and does not meet the requirements for taking into account the needs of citizens to fully master the secrets of the profession. The article also discusses the importance of a person’s social needs in the profession for learning English.
Ч. АЙТМАТОВДУН «ЖАМИЙЛА» ПОВЕСТИНИН БАШ КААРМАНЫ ЖАМИЙЛАНЫН ОБРАЗЫНА ПСИХОЛОГИЯЛЫК АНАЛИЗ
Authors: Дүйшөбаева А.
Published: May 2022

Макалада Чынгыз Айтматовдун «Жамийла» повестинин башкы каарманынын тагдырына психологиялык анализ берилген. Чыгарма өткөн кылымдагы 1941-1945-жылдардагы согуш учурундагы окуяларды чагылдырат. Макалада аталган повесттин башкы каарманы Жамийланын ала качуу аркылуу турмуш курууга аргысыз болгондугу, жана бул «ала качуу» сыяктуу кээ бир эски адаттардын бүгүнкү күндө дагы уланып жатышына өзгөчө көӊүл бурулган. Ала качуунун Жамийланын психологиясына тийгизген кесепеттерине да изилдөө жасалган. Макаланы жазууда эмпирикалык изилдөө жүргүзүп учурдагы коомчулуктун Жамийланын абалына жана ала качуу боюнча көз карашын билүү үчүн он-лайн анкеталык сурамжылоо жүргүзүлдү. Макаланын ичинде сурамжылоодо алынган маалыматтардын жыйынтыктарына да кеӊири орун берилди. Ошону менен бирге алынган маалыматтардын баарына психологиялык, теориялык көз караштар менен анализ жүргүзүлгөн.
В статье проводится психологический анализ судьбы главной героини повести Чынгыза Айтматова
«Джамиля». Произведение освещает события войны 1941-1945 годов прошлого века. Особое внимание уделяется на те моменты, в которой Джамиля вышла замуж по принуждению. Описывается такой старый обычай кыргызов, как «похищение невест», которые встречается и наши дни. Изучены также психологические последствия «похищения невесты». На момент написания статьи были проведены эмпирические исследования и онлайн-опрос, для того чтобы выяснить, как в настоящее время люди воспринимают состояние Джамили и похищение невесты с целью вступления в брак. Результаты опроса также подробно освещены в статье. При этом все данные были проанализированы с психологической и теоретической точек зрения.
The article provides a psychological analysis of the personal character of Chyngyz Aitmatov’s story “Jamilya”. The work covers events during the war of 1941-1945 of the last century. The article pays special attention to those moments in which Jamilya was forcibly married by abduction and to those old customs like «bride kidnapping». As of this writing, there has been done empirical research in order to finding out how people currently perceive Jamila’s condition and bride kidnapping. The survey results included in the article and all the data were analyzed from a psychological and theoretical points of view.
ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ ДРАМАТУРГИИ Л.Н. АНДРЕЕВА
Authors: Асаналиева А.
Published: May 2022

Драматургия Леонида Николаевича Андреева, одного из самых интересных и выразительных художников своей эпохи – глубоко своеобразное, внутренне неоднородное явление, отражающее различные художественные тенденции, соотносимое с разными эстетическими системами. С первых шагов объявляя себя реформатором драмы, Андреев создал образцы произведений, впоследствии причисленных исследователями и к реалистическому, и к модернистским направлениям. Андреев вернул в драму давно забытые античные композиционные элементы: пролог, эпилог, развернутые монологи, хоровое многоголосье. В изучении драматургии писателя на современном этапе актуальным стал философский аспект осмысления пьес. Исследователи рассуждают о направленности его произведений на решение вечных общечеловеческих вопросов. В данной статье дается некоторый анализ трилогии Л.Андреева “Жизнь человека”, “Царь голод” и “Анатэма”.
Эң кызыктуу жана экспрессивдүү жазуучулардын бири Леонид Николаевич Андреевдин драматургиясы ар кандай эстетикалык тутумдар менен байланышкан, ар кандай көркөм тенденцияларды чагылдырган, терең, кайталангыс көрүнүш. Андреев өзүн драманын реформатору деп жарыялаган алгачкы кадамдарынан тартып, изилдөөчүлөр тарабынан реалисттик жана модернисттик тенденциялар катары бааланган чыгармалардын үлгүлөрүн жараткан. Андреев драмага көптөн бери унутулуп келе жаткан байыркы композициялык элементтерге кайтып келди: пролог, эпилог, кеңейтилген монологдор, хор полифониясы. Азыркы этаптагы жазуучунун драматургиясын изилдөөдө пьесаларды түшүнүүнүн философиялык аспектиси актуалдуу болуп калды. Изилдөөчүлөр анын эмгектеринин түбөлүк жалпы адамзаттык маселелерди чечүүгө багытталгандыгы жөнүндө талашып-тартышышат. Бул макалада Л. Андреевдин «Адам жашоосу», «Ачкачылыктын падышасы» жана «Анатема» үчилтигине айрым анализдер берилген.
The dramaturgy of Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev, one of the most interesting and expressive artists of his era, is a deeply peculiar, internally heterogeneous phenomenon, reflecting various artistic tendencies, correlated with different aesthetic systems. From the first steps, proclaiming himself a reformer of drama, Andreev created samples of works that were subsequently ranked by researchers as both realistic and modernist trends. In the study of the writer’s drama at the present stage, the philosophical aspect of comprehending the plays has become relevant. This article provides some analysis of L. Andreev’s trilogy «Human Life», «King of Hunger» and «Anatema».
ЛИЧНОСТНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ
Authors: Рыбина Рыбина Е.
Published: May 2022

В статье рассматривается проблема активизации самостоятельной исследовательской деятельности учащихся, развития их творческих способностей, интереса к учебе. Определяются особенности личностно-ориентированного обучения, для которого характерна ориентация на личность ученика, его жизненный и духовный опыт. Взаимоотношения учителя и ученика рассматриваются, как сотрудничество двух активных участников учебного процесса. В характеристике главных установок личностно-ориентированного обучения выделяются следующие положения: 1) учебный материал должен отвечать требованиям актуальности, проблемности, открытости; 2) основным способом освоения учетного материала является диалог; 3) эффективной формой реализации личностных функций является игра. Подчеркивается особая роль критерия интереса в процессе обучения. Примеры приемов, реализующих установки личностно-ориентированного обучения в преподавании литературы, приводятся из практики автора статьи.
Макалада студенттердин өз алдынча изилдөө иш-аракеттерин өркүндөтүү, алардын чыгармачыл жөн-
дөмдөрүн, окууга болгон кызыгуусун өркүндөтүү маселелери каралган. Окуучунун инсандыгына, анын жашоосуна жана руханий тажрыйбасына багыт алуу менен мүнөздөлгөн инсандык багыттагы окутуунун өзгөчөлүктөрү аныкталат. Мугалим менен окуучунун ортосундагы мамиле билим берүү процессинин эки активдүү катышуучусунун кызматташтыгы катары каралат. Окуучуларга багытталган окутуунун негизги мамилелерин мүнөздөөдө төмөнкү жоболор айырмаланат: 1) окуу материалы актуалдуулуктун, көйгөйлүүлүктүн, ачыктыктын талаптарына жооп бериши керек; 2) бухгалтердик материалды өздөштүрүүнүн негизги жолу - диалог; 3) оюн - бул жеке функцияларды ишке ашыруунун натыйжалуу формасы. Окуу процессиндеги кызыгуу критерийинин өзгөчө ролу баса белгиленди. Адабиятты окутууда студенттерге багытталган окутуунун мамилесин жүзөгө ашыруучу ыкмалардын мисалдары макаланын авторунун практикасынан келтирилген.
The article discusses the problem of enhancing the independent research activities of students, the development of their creative abilities, interest in learning. The special role of the criterion of interest in the learning process is emphasized. In the characterization of the main attitudes of student-centered learning, the following provisions are distinguished: 1) the educational material must meet the requirements of relevance, problematicity, openness; 2) the main way of mastering the accounting material is dialogue; 3) play is an effective form of realization of personal functions. Examples of techniques that implement the attitudes of student-centered learning in teaching literature are given from the practice of the author of the article.
Joyería barroca andina: el pasado como desafío del presente
Authors: Szmukler Alicia
Published: May 2022

Las joyas en tanto objeto forman parte de un patrimonio cultural que se resignifica según el contexto de producción y uso. El artículo aborda la joyería barroca que usan las mujeres cholas de la ciudad de La Paz en las fiestas patronales y en otras particulares como elemento de distinción y prestigio, pero también de aspiraciones. Esa joyería barroca, si bien tiene origen en un pasado colonial, hoy adquiere nuevos significados que tienden a posicionar a la mujer indígena y mestiza de La Paz en un lugar de mayor reconocimiento. En tal sentido, el objeto “joya barroca” nos permite reflexionar sobre imaginarios en torno a la mujer chola, a las discriminaciones étnicas y de género, a los consumos culturales diversos y a los mercados que homogenizan y diferencian. La idea de patrimonio cultural que recorre el artículo se fundamenta en un punto de vista dinámico, que nos permite continuar reflexionando sobre los distintos sentidos de un acto cultural o de un objeto.
Los pobres y la pobreza en las agendas municipales: acciones y discusiones en el centro y sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires entre 1913 y 1920
Authors: De Paz Trueba Yolanda , Bracamonte Lucía
Published: May 2022

En el marco de los dilemas que la pobreza y los diversos problemas sociales vinculados a ella plantearon a quienes debieron gestionar medidas al respecto entre 1913 y 1920 en el nivel municipal, este trabajo busca observar los sutiles desplazamientos que se dieron en la idea de responsabilidad del Estado sobre las cuestiones sociales. Buscamos examinar de qué manera la percepción de las desigualdades marcó las agendas municipales de la región estudiada, afectando la manera de resolver las necesidades pero sobre todo la concepción de la función política en ello.

Sostenemos que muchas de esas soluciones superaron la coyuntura al poner en agenda lo social como problema público y político, si bien no mermó el protagonismo de las instituciones filantrópicas que tradicionalmente habían atendido a estas cuestiones. 

Centramos la pesquisa en la manera en que aquellos que debieron ofrecer resultados, pensaron la pobreza en el marco de una agenda de problemas ampliada y procuramos ir más allá de las concreciones para analizar las discusiones generadas alrededor de la búsqueda de paliativos y observar de qué manera la crisis instaló en el debate la cuestión de las responsabilidades sociales y públicas por la pobreza en un momento de transición política.
Inmigración, empresa y comunidad: dos pioneros de la industria nacional en Valentín Alsina, a lo largo del siglo XX
Authors: Ganza Denise
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo pretenderá contribuir al conocimiento del proceso de integración de los inmigrantes europeos en un ámbito particular de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Valentín Alsina, por medio del estudio de los rasgos principales de su aporte como pioneros de la industria nacional. En este sentido, analizaremos el derrotero de la industria Campomar, fundada por un inmigrante de origen español a fines del siglo XIX, a través de un archivo familiar preservado en la Fundación Ortega y Gasset Argentina (FOGA). Además, optaremos por el seguimiento de la trayectoria personal del industrial italiano Ugolino Giardino que, junto con su hermano Juan, instaló una hilandería a principios de la década de 1920. Este análisis, a diferencia del anterior, se basará en fuentes de carácter más variado: bibliografía, prensa periódica, testimonios personales, etc. Finalmente, en los dos casos, pondremos el foco en las relaciones establecidas por estos empresarios con la comunidad.
Elementos estructurales para comprender la descomposición de la dictadura franquista
Authors: Cañón Voirin Julio Lisandro
Published: May 2022

En este este trabajo, proponemos un análisis reflexivo sobre los factores que determinaron el derrumbe del régimen capitalista de excepción habido en España (1939-1975). Nuestro objetivo es analizar el proceso que desembocó en la descomposición de la dictadura franquista. A través de este estudio, pretendemos sumar una contribución delimitada claramente al universo de los estudios referidos a los procesos de cambios de régimen. Es decir, al tratamiento del problema de la transición de un régimen y un Estado capitalista de excepción a un régimen parlamentario-burgués y a un Estado democrático de derecho. En este caso específico, analizamos la situación histórico concreta del proceso de internacionalización del capital y las modificaciones en el bloque histórico de poder en España. Por último, realizamos una interpretación de la crisis de hegemonía que resulto del proceso anterior.