bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Untersuchung der Mikroschädigung in Baustahl mit ESPI
Authors: Ritter Konrad , Unglaub Julian , Thiele Klaus
Published: July 2019

Es wird eine Studie zur stark lokalisierten Mikroschädigung während der Risseinleitung unter zyklischer Beanspruchung am Baustahl vorgestellt. Hierfür werden gekerbte Proben mit einer Beanspruchung im High‐Cycle‐Fatigue‐(HCF‐)Bereich belastet. Die Bauteiloberfläche im Bereich der Kerbe wird mit der Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) inspiziert, einem Verfahren zur hochauflösenden und flächenhaften Messung von Dehnungen. Dies geschieht in diskreten Abständen von wenigen Tausend Lastwechseln. Die Auswertung der Messungen zeigt mit zunehmender Materialermüdung eine Lokalisierung sowie Akkumulation der Dehnungen.

Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse entstanden im Rahmen eines laufenden Forschungsvorhabens des Graduiertenkollegs 2075 „Modelle für die Beschreibung der Zustandsänderung bei Alterung von Baustoffen und Tragwerken“. Dieses hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die Zustandsentwicklung von Bauwerken unter mechanischer und chemischer Beanspruchung auf unterschiedlichen zeitlichen und räumlichen Skalen zu beschreiben und zu bewerten.
Vorschlag einer Standardprüfmethode für Brettsperrholz im Brandfall
Authors: Klippel Michael , Schmid Joachim , Fahrni Reto , Kleinhenz Miriam , Frangi Andrea
Published: July 2019

Brettsperrholz (BSP oder engl. Cross‐Laminated Timber, CLT) ist in den letzten Jahren zu einem beliebten Holzprodukt für hochwertige und innovative Holzbauten geworden. Wie bei jedem Bauprodukt müssen das Brandverhalten und der Feuerwiderstand von CLT‐Elementen bei der Planung von Gebäuden sorgfältig geprüft werden. Der Klebstoff, der in den Klebfugen von CLT verwendet wird, spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Brandbemessung. Derzeit stellen die europäischen Normen jedoch keine Prüfmethode zur Verfügung, um die Klebfugeneigenschaften im Brandfall von CLT zu beurteilen. An der ETH Zürich wurden im letzten Jahr Brandprüfungen mit CLT‐Deckenelementen durchgeführt, in denen Klebstoffe mit verschiedenen Eigenschaften im Brandfall geprüft wurden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz stellt die Ergebnisse dieser Brandprüfungen dar und zeigt die Grundlagen einer möglichen europäischen Prüfmethode zur Klassifizierung von Flächenverklebungen. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass der Massenverlust von verklebten CLT‐Elementen während eines EN/ISO‐Normbrands verwendet werden kann, um die Funktionsfähigkeit der Klebstofffuge im Brandfall (Haftvermögen) zu bewerten.
Current Advances in the Utilization of Polydopamine Nanostructures in Biomedical Therapy
Authors: Tran Huy Q. , Batul Rahila , Bhave Mrinal , Yu Aimin
Published: July 2019

Since the first time mussel‐inspired polymer polydopamine (PDA) was discovered, it has gained enormous attention from numerous scientists, especially those working in the field of drug delivery and bacterial and tumor treatment, due to its distinctive properties, such as surface chemistry, biocompatibility, capability to adhere to any surface, and excellent photothermal conversion. Studies using PDA in various types of structures for therapeutic purposes have been carried out extensively in recent years. Considering the rapid development in the area, this review aims to cover and highlight the latest achievements (from 2016 to present) with respect to PDA‐based materials for therapeutic purposes. A description of the diverse structures of PDA and its formation strategy, including colloidal particles, hollow structures, and coating films, are discussed. In addition, the main focus of this review is on the therapeutic applications of these PDA nanostructures.
3D Culture Histology Cryosectioned Well Insert Technology Preserves the Structural Relationship between Cells and Biomaterials for Time‐Lapse Analysis of 3D Cultures
Authors: Charbonneau André M. , Al‐Samadi Ahmed , Salo Tuula , Tran Simon D.
Published: July 2019

When performing histology of softer biomaterials, aspiration disrupts the cellular and molecular location information. This study aims to develop a cryosectionable well insert able to preserve the biomaterial and cell's original 3D conformation from the well to histology analysis. The well insert is composed of a paraffin‐coated gelatine pill. Within the coated capsule, the human epithelial cell line (NS‐SV‐AC) is cultured in Matrigel, GrowDex, Myogel, Myogel + GrowDex, or cell culture media for 14 days. At 0 and 14 days, the samples are frozen in liquid nitrogen and cryotome is used to create sections. The slides are stained by Sirius Red and immunohistochemistry using antibodies human collagens I–V and human Ki‐67. Sirius Red shows pink shades of biomaterials and the best cellular vertical distribution throughout the sagittal section of the well is achieved with Matrigel, GrowDex, and Myogel + GrowDex; in Myogel and media, the cells sink. For collagen protein expression, only Matrigel induces a notable difference while in the other materials, collagen staining is weak or difficult to distinguish from endogenous collagens. Ki‐67 expression is maintained over time. The 3D‐cryo well insert provides a new time‐lapse histology perspective of analysis for liquid or gel cultures that maintains cells and macromolecules in their unaltered in‐well configuration.
Two activating mutations of MPL in triple‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Xie Juan , Chen Xiuhua , Gao Feng , Hou Ruixia , Tian Tingting , Zhang Yaofang , Fan Lifang , Hu Jinjun , Zhu Guiyang , Yang Wanfang , Wang Hongwei
Published: July 2019

MPLW515K or W515L mutation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) through signaling molecules of the cytokine receptor axis. Besides MPLW515K or W515L, more than 30 atypical MPL mutations have been reported in patients who are negative for JAK2V617F, MPLW515K/L, and CALR mutations. Here, we aimed to identify the disease‐causing mutations in the triple‐negative case of ET. We described two MPL mutations in patients diagnosed with ET by target sequencing the hotspot mutation region of MPL gene. The MPLA497‐L498ins4 is an insertion mutation detected recurrently in ET patients, and the MPLW515RQ516E is a novel double‐point mutation found in an ET patient. Functional studies of MPLA497‐L498ins4 and MPLW515RQ516E revealed that they are gain‐of‐function mutations. Mutants of MPLA497‐L498ins4 and MPLW515RQ516E promoted autonomous proliferation on Ba/F3 cells in the absence of IL‐3. Autonomous activation of TPO‐R without ligand TPO was observed in MPLA497‐L498ins4 and MPLW515RQ516E mutants. Lower percentage of cells in G1 phase and higher percentage of cells in S phase of two atypical MPL mutants were detected after culturing without any cytokines. These two atypical MPL mutations also presented increase in phosphorylation of signaling proteins including JAK2/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK/RAS. In summary, the MPLA497‐L498ins4 and MPLW515RQ516E are gain‐of‐function mutations which may be novel driving factors participating in the pathogenesis of triple‐negative MPN.
Towards an evidence‐base for student wellbeing and mental health: Definitions, developmental transitions and data sets
Authors: Barkham Michael , Broglia Emma , Dufour Géraldine , Fudge Mark , Knowles Louise , Percy Alan , Turner Afra , Williams Charlotte ,   the SCORE Consortium
Published: July 2019

Against a background of huge changes in the world of university and college students since the turn of the millennium, together with a multitude of reports on student mental health/wellbeing, this article argues that the field of student mental health is hampered by the imprecise use of terms, a rush to action by universities in the absence of a robust evidence‐base, and a lack of overall coordination and collaboration in the collection and use of data. In response, we argue for clearer and more consistent use of definitions of, as well as differentiations between, student wellbeing and mental health, for a longitudinal approach to the student body that captures their developmental transitions to and through university, and a strategic and systematic approach to the use of bona fide measures in the collection of data on wellbeing and on the process of outcomes in embedded university counselling services. Such a coordinated approach will provide the necessary evidence‐base upon which to develop and deliver appropriate support and interventions to underpin and enhance the quality of students’ lives and learning while at university or college.
Metal–DNA Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly: A Conceptual Methodology to Expand the Repertoire of DNA Nanobiotechnology
Authors: Liu Bei , Zhang Jingfang , Li Lele
Published: July 2019

The past several decades have witnessed a rapid revolution of DNA nanotechnology. DNA nanostructures are mainly synthesized with two approaches, by assembly of purely DNA‐based nanostructures through complementary base pairing or grafting DNA onto nanoparticles (NPs). Despite the progress made, developing simple and universal methods for the synthesis of DNA nanoarchitectures with specific morphologies and functionalities is still a challenge. This article introduces the reader to a new biomimetic methodology that leads to the controlled synthesis of DNA nanoarchitectures based on metal–DNA coordination chemistry and, furthermore, demonstrates the broad biomedical applications of these functional materials. In particular, we highlight the coordination‐driven 1) surface‐functionalization of NPs with DNA molecules and 2) direct self‐assembly of metal–DNA nanostructures. Finally, challenges and opportunities of this approach to develop nanobiotechnology are provided.
Monovalent Cation–Phenolic Crystals with pH‐Driven Reversible Crystal Transformation
Authors: Ou Ranwen , Wei Jing , Zhao Chen , Gu Qinfen , Zhu Haijin , Li Xingya , Nguyen Nhi Sa , Wan Li , Forsyth Maria , Wang Huanting
Published: July 2019

The conversion of renewable plant polyphenol to advanced materials with tailorable properties and various functions is desirable and challenging. In this work, monovalent cation‐phenolic crystals contained K+ or Na+ ions were synthesized by using plant polyphenol as an organic source in alkaline solution. The crystal structure was resolved, showing a laminar crystal structure with M+ as connecting nodes. The morphologies (e.g., rod‐like and spindle‐shaped) and chemical compositions of crystals could be tuned by changing the cations. Interestingly, these polymer crystals exhibited a pH‐driven reversible crystal transformation. They transformed into their protonated crystalline form under acidic conditions (e.g., pH 2) and went back to the cation‐bound crystalline form in alkaline solutions. Furthermore, the crystals proved excellent antioxidants and heavy metal ion adsorbents.
Azaaurones as Potent Antimycobacterial Agents Active against MDR‐ and XDR‐TB
Authors: Campaniço André , Carrasco Marta P. , Njoroge Mathew , Seldon Ronnett , Chibale Kelly , Perdigão João , Portugal Isabel , Warner Digby F. , Moreira Rui , Lopes Francisca
Published: July 2019

Herein we report the screening of a small library of aurones and their isosteric counterparts, azaaurones and N‐acetylazaaurones, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Aurones were found to be inactive at 20 μm, whereas azaaurones and N‐acetylazaaurones emerged as the most potent compounds, with nine derivatives displaying MIC99 values ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 μm. In addition, several N‐acetylazaaurones were found to be active against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. The antimycobacterial mechanism of action of these compounds remains to be determined; however, a preliminary mechanistic study confirmed that they do not inhibit the mycobacterial cytochrome bc1 complex. Additionally, microsomal metabolic stability and metabolite identification studies revealed that N‐acetylazaaurones are deacetylated to their azaaurone counterparts. Overall, these results demonstrate that azaaurones and their N‐acetyl counterparts represent a new entry in the toolbox of chemotypes capable of inhibiting M. tuberculosis growth.
Using Smart Nanochannels as a Power Switch in Salinity Gradient Batteries
Authors: Fu Lulu , Jiang Jiaqiao , Lu Bingxin , Xu Yanglei , Zhai Jin
Published: July 2019

Although biomimetic smart gating nanochannels have been explored extensively, research on practical applications of these systems is scarce. Here, we demonstrated an engineered track‐etched asymmetric porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane modified with redox‐active Cytochrome C (Cyt C), which served as a gatekeeper due to its redox‐responsive character and excellent anion selectivity. Due to the anion‐selectivity of the membrane, we further applied it in an energy conversion device to capture the electric power from a salinity gradient. In addition, its redox‐responsive property was utilized to realize the function of power switch in concentration cell, which is capable of out‐power density conversion from 0.24 W/m2 to 0.86 W/m2 reversibly. In addition, a theoretical model based on the Poisson and Nernst‐Planck equations has been employed to simulate and explain the experimental data and illustrate the mechanism of the ionic transport process. This work presents an important paradigm for the application of stimuli‐responsive nanochannels in salinity gradient energy conversion areas and opens new and promising routes in the fields of drug delivery and bioscience.
Unprecedented Halide‐Ion Binding and Catalytic Activity of Nanoscale Anionic Metal Oxide Clusters
Authors: She Shan , Li Mu , Li Qi , Huang Zehuan , Wei Yongge , Yin Panchao
Published: July 2019

One halide ion (X−) can bind on the surface of nanoscale Anderson‐type polyoxometalate (POMs) clusters [(n‐C4H9)4N]3{AlMo6O18(OH)3[(OCH2)3CCH3]}, and form stable complexes in solution with binding constant K=1.53×103. Single‐crystal structural analysis showed that this binding behavior occurs through multiple hydrogen bonding between X− and three hydroxy groups on the uncapped side of the cluster. This supramolecular interaction in the cluster systems means that their catalytic activities, evaluated from the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, can be switched upon the introduction of halide ions and water molecules. The halide ions work as inhibitors by blocking the active sites of the clusters while they can be re‐activated by the addition of water.
A Chiral Bis‐Naphthylated Tetrandrine Dibromide: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly into an Organic Framework Based On Nanosized Spherical Cages, and Inclusion Studies
Authors: Escobar‐Picos Raymundo , Vasquez‐Ríos María G. , Sotelo‐Mundo Rogerio R. , Jancik Vojtech , Martínez‐Otero Diego , Calvillo‐Páez Viviana , Höpfl Herbert , Ochoa Lara Karen
Published: July 2019

Crystalline framework materials have gained interest because of their many potential applications. A novel chiral tetrandrine salt (DNT) has been synthesized and characterized by conventional analytical techniques and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and its self‐assembly behavior studied. In the solid state, 48 molecules of the compound self‐assemble into an organic framework based on nanospherical aggregates formed exclusively through weak noncovalent interactions. Additionally, it was demonstrated by UV‐vis spectroscopy and TGA that assembled DNT can include the Nile Red dye, giving a fluorescent material. To the best of our knowledge, these spherical assemblies are the largest among the purely synthetic organic self‐assembled molecular crystals reported to date.
Fused Pyrazine‐ and Carbazole‐Containing Azaacenes: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Liao Hailiang , Xiao Chengyi , Ravva Mahesh Kumar , Yao Liping , Yu Yaping , Yang Yinghe , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Lei , Li Zhengke , McCulloch Iain , Yue Wan
Published: July 2019

A new family of azaacenes has been designed and synthesized by incorporating the electron‐withdrawing sp2‐hybridized nitrogen of pyrazine and electron‐donating nitrogen of carbazole in a molecular skeleton. Two different conjugated lengths of 8‐ring aza‐nonacene and 10‐ring aza‐undecene have been achieved by an efficient condensation reaction. The unique optoelectronic properties of these molecules were investigated using both experimental and theoretical techniques. The azaacenes show visible‐region absorption and near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence. These compounds can serve as hole‐transport semiconductors for solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Single‐crystal transistor devices of one of the aza‐nonacenes exhibit hole charge transport behavior with a hole mobility of 0.07 cm2/Vs and an on/off current ratio of 1.3x106.
Variability of slot size in orthodontic brackets
Authors: Lefebvre Clémentine , Saadaoui Hassan , Olive Jean‐Marc , Renaudin Stéphane , Jordana Fabienne
Published: July 2019

Objective

The accuracy of the information incorporated into brackets is a determining factor for the efficacy of torque applied to teeth. The aim of this study was to compare the dimensions of a bracket's slots with the nominal values announced by the manufacturer.

Materials and methods

A total of 730 maxillary right central brackets manufactured by seven companies (Dentsply Gac, American Orthodontics, Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, GC Orthodontics, 3M Unitek, and Dentaurum) were studied. The sample included 0.018 × 0.025 and 0.022 × 0.028 in., metal and ceramic, conventional and self‐ligating brackets. Images were obtained with an Olympus BX51 optical microscope. Slot dimensions were measured at the base and at the face on both mesial and distal sides using ImageJ software. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon, sign tests, two‐ and three‐way ANOVA, and Tukey's tests. Intraclass correlation coefficient was employed to assess the intraobserver and interobserver variability. The threshold for statistical significance wasp≤ .05.

Results

Statistical analysis showed that the slot dimensions of 90% to 97% of studied brackets were significantly different from nominal values. In general, slot size was oversized, with a face size larger than the base size. Comparison between mesial and distal sides showed that up to 45% of the brackets were significantly asymmetrical. The manufacturer had a significant effect for base and face widths (p= .0001) and for length (p= .003).

Conclusion

This study shows that a large proportion of measured brackets displays dimensional inaccuracies when compared with stated values. Clinically, the slot oversize and the divergence of slot walls cause an increase of wire‐slot play, inducing a loss of torque control. Practitioners cannot fully trust the precision of used appliances and should be aware that adjustments could be needed in the finishing stages of the treatment.
Casting a broader net: Using microfluidic metagenomics to capture aquatic biodiversity data from diverse taxonomic targets
Authors: Hauck Laura L. , Weitemier Kevin A. , Penaluna Brooke E. , Garcia Tiffany S. , Cronn Richard
Published: July 2019

Environmental DNA (eDNA) assays for single‐ and multi‐species detection show promise for providing standardized assessment methods for diverse taxa, but techniques for evaluating multiple taxonomically divergent assemblages are in their infancy. We evaluated whether microfluidic multiplex metabarcoding on the Fluidigm Access Array™ platform and high‐throughput sequencing could identify diverse stream and riparian assemblages from 48 taxon‐general and taxon‐specific metabarcode primers. eDNA screening was paired with electrofishing along a stream continuum to evaluate congruence between methods. A fish hatchery located midway along the stream continuum provided a dispersal barrier, and a point source for non‐native White Sturgeon (Acipencer transmontanus). Microfluidic metabarcoding had 87% accuracy with respect to electrofishing and detected all 13 species electrofishing observed. Taxon‐specific barcoding primers were more successful than taxon‐general universal metabarcoding primers at classifying sequences to species. Both types of markers detected a transition from downstream sites dominated by multiple fish species, to upstream sites dominated by a single species; however, we failed to detect a complementary transition in amphibian occupancy. White Sturgeon was only detected at the hatchery outflow, indicating eDNA transport was not detectable ~2.4 km from its source. Overall, we identified 878 predicted taxa. Most sequences (50.1%) derived from fish (Actinopteri, Petromyzontidae), oomycetes (21.3%), arthropoda (classes Insecta, Decapoda; 16.5%), and apicomplexan parasites (3.8%). Taxa accounting for ~1% or less of sequences included freshwater red algae, diatoms, amphibians, and beaver. Our work shows that microfluidic metabarcoding can survey multiple phyla per assay, providing fine discrimination required to resolve closely related species, and enable data‐driven prioritization for multiple forest health objectives.
Hyperspectral imaging of common foodborne pathogens for rapid identification and differentiation
Authors: Michael Minto , Phebus Randall K. , Amamcharla Jayendra
Published: July 2019

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) provides both spatial and spectral information of a sample by combining imaging with spectroscopy. The objective of this study was to generate hyperspectral graphs of common foodborne pathogens and to develop and validate prediction models for the classification of these pathogens. Four strains of Cronobacter sakazakii, five strains of Salmonella spp., eight strains of Escherichia coli, and one strain each of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were used in the study. Principal component analysis and kNN (k‐nearest neighbor) classifier model were used for the classification of hyperspectra of various bacterial cells, which were then validated using the cross‐validation technique. Classification accuracy of various strains within genera including C. sakazakii, Salmonella spp., and E. coli, respectively, was 100%; except within C. sakazakii, strain BAA‐894, and E. coli, strains O26, O45, and O121 had 66.67% accuracy. When all strains were studied together (irrespective of their genus) for the classification, only C. sakazakii P1, E. coli O104, O111, and O145, S. Montevideo, and L. monocytogenes had 100% classification accuracy, whereas E. coli O45 and S. Tennessee were not classified (classification accuracy of 0%). Lauric arginate treatment of C. sakazakii BAA‐894, E. coli O157, S. Senftenberg, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus significantly affected their hyperspectral signatures, and treated cells could be differentiated from the healthy, nontreated cells.
Geochemistry characteristics and dolomitization mechanism of the Upper Cambrian dolomite, eastern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Fu Siyi , Zhang Chenggong , Chen Hongde , Qing Hairuo , Chen Anqing , Zhao Junxing , Su Zhongtang , Hao Zhemin
Published: July 2019

There are widely developed carbonate formations in the lower Palaeozoic, Ordos Basin, China. However, previous studies have paid more attention to the Ordovician formations and largely ignored the Cambrian formations, which also have a larger sediment thickness. Recently, with the continuous discovery of dolomite gas fields in the Ordovician Majiagou formation, more investigations have begun to focus on the deeper dolomite in the Cambrian Sanshanzi Formation (Є3s). This study looks into the origin of the dolomite through a combination of petrology, major–trace elements, and stable isotope and rare earth element (REE) analysis of samples from five outcrops. The results show that the main dolomite types in the study area are dolarenite (Type 1), micrite‐fine crystalline dolomite (Type 2), and medium crystalline dolomite (Type 3). The δ13C values and δ18O values of each dolomite formation are close to those of seawater‐derived dolomite and have slightly higher Na2+ concentrations, suggesting that dolomite formation is closely related to the denser seawater. The REE compositions are characterized by enrichment for light REEs and depletion for heavy REEs, exhibiting an apparent negative Eu anomaly and a slight negative Ce anomaly, indicating that the dolomites of the Є3s may form in a weak‐reduction to the weak‐oxidation environment. The total REE (ΣREE) concentrations of Type 3 dolomites are lower than other types, suggesting that those dolomites may mean that the REEs are lost during the diagenesis. Type 1 dolomite has lower MgO and CaO values and a higher Mn2+ concentration than the other two types of dolomites, indicating that Type 1 dolomite suffered the action of atmospheric fresh water. Type 2 dolomite has lower Mg and Ca values than Type 3 dolomite, suggesting that Type 3 dolomite has a higher dolomitization degree. Further study into the combined palaeogeographical background confirms the dolomitization model of the study area: Type 1 and Type 2 dolomites may have been formed by penecontemporaneous or seepage–reflux dolomitization during early‐stage diagenesis. Subsequently, stratigraphic uplift lead to the Type 1 dolomite suffering the action of atmospheric fresh water, but there was no dorag dolomitization. Type 2 dolomite became the main dolomite type by seepage–reflux dolomitization in this period. Later, Type 2 dolomite was converted into Type 3 dolomite during progressive burial.
Timing of surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy for sinonasal malignancies: Effect of surgical approach
Authors: Xiao Roy , Joshi Rohan R. , Husain Qasim , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Lee Nancy , Tsai Jillian , Yu Yao , Chen Linda , Kang Jung J. , McBride Sean , Riaz Nadeem , Roman Benjamin R. , Ganly Ian , Tabar Viviane , Gray Stacey T. , Cohen Marc A.
Published: July 2019

Background

Timely postoperative radiation therapy (RT) within 50 days of surgery for head and neck cancers provides a survival advantage.

Methods

Using the National Cancer Database, we performed a propensity score‐matched analysis comparing patients undergoing open or endoscopic surgery for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses from 2010 to 2015.

Results

Among 168 pairs, patients undergoing endoscopic surgery had shorter time to surgery (24.2 vs 36.7 days, P < .001) and shorter postoperative time to RT (PTTR, 51.2 vs 58.4 days, P = .02). On multivariable linear regression, endoscopic surgery predicted shorter PTTR (β = −7.6, P = .01). Using the Kaplan‐Meier method, patients in the longest PTTR quartile had decreased overall survival (OS; Q1 vs Q4, 3‐year OS 76.5% vs 53.3%, P = .007), a durable finding when adjusted for covariates (Q1 vs Q4, HR 0.50, P = .008).

Conclusions

Patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for sinonasal SCC experience shorter PTTR. Shorter PTTR is associated with extended OS.
Diabetes, its risk factors and readiness to change lifestyle behaviours among Australian Samoans living in Sydney: Baseline data for church‐wide interventions
Authors: Ndwiga Dorothy W. , McBride Kate A. , Simmons David , MacMillan Freya
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To describe the current prevalence of type 2 diabetes (diabetes) and readiness to change diet and physical activity among Samoans associated with churches in Sydney.

Methods

Residents aged ≥18 years attending four Samoan churches in Sydney were invited to participate in a church‐wide lifestyle intervention. Participants completed questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, provided a non‐fasting blood sample for HbA1c and random blood glucose (RBG) measurement, and performed a 6‐minute walk test. Obesity was defined using a Pacific body mass index (BMI) threshold ≥32 kg/m2 and diabetes if HbA1c was ≥6.5%.

Results

In total, 131/187 (70%) of Samoans (mean age of 44.1 ± 15 years; Female 52%) participated. Diabetes was present in 33% of the population which included 20% previously diagnosed diabetes, duration 13.4 ± 6.7 years, (HbA1c 8.3 ± 2.5% and RBG 10.2 ± 4.1 mmol/L) and 13% had undiagnosed diabetes (HbA1c 8.1 ± 2.7% and RBG 10.3 ± 4.7 mmol/L). The overall baseline prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure and meeting the physical activity recommendation of ≥150 min/wk were 77%, 44% and 38% respectively. Over 90% of participants were contemplating, if not already taking action towards healthier diet choices and increasing physical activity.

Conclusions

Prevalence of diabetes and its risk factors were high among Samoans in Sydney with a high proportion with undiagnosed diabetes.

So what?

These findings highlight the need to prioritise the delivery of culturally appropriate interventions tailored to the needs of the Samoan community. The high level of healthy lifestyle contemplation suggests that the community would be receptive to such interventions.
The use of auditory feedback and edible reinforcement to decrease toe walking among children with autism
Authors: Wilder David A. , Ertel Hallie , Hodges Ansley C. , Thomas Rachel , Luong Nga
Published: July 2019

We replicated and extended previous research on the use of auditory feedback to decrease toe walking exhibited by 3 children with autism. After pretreatment screening analyses suggested that toe walking occurred independent of social consequences, we attached squeakers to the heels of each participants' shoes. The squeakers provided auditory feedback when participants walked appropriately (i.e., with a heel‐to‐toe gait). For all participants, the auditory feedback itself produced increases in appropriate walking. For 1 participant, this feedback was sufficient to reduce toe walking to clinically acceptable levels; however, for 2 other participants, delivery of edible items paired with the auditory feedback was necessary. Intervention effects maintained when the schedule for edible delivery was thinned for all participants. In addition, for 2 participants, effects maintained when the intervention was implemented in a different setting and with a different person with no edibles or a thin schedule of edibles.
Biomarkers of metal toxicity in embryos in the general population
Authors: Jie Ou , Peng Ping , Qiu Lin , Teng Lirong , Li Chunying , Han Jianhua , Liu Xinyan
Published: July 2019

Background

With the development of industrialization, public exposure to toxic metals could occur everywhere, eventually affecting individuals’ reproductive systems and even embryos and leading to early pregnancy loss. The aim of the study was to determine the profile of toxic metal levels in pregnant women in the general population and to identify biomarkers for metal toxicity in embryos.

Methods

A case‐control study with pregnant women was conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in 2016‐2018. Women who experienced spontaneous abortion within 12 weeks of gestation comprised the case group, and women with pregnancies showing fetal cardiac activity who requested an induced abortion almost simultaneously were included in the control group. Blood and urine specimen were tested for concentrations of cadmium, chromium, selenium, arsenic, and mercury.

Results

A total of 195 patients were enrolled, with 95 in the case group and 100 in the control group. Significant differences in gravidity, parity, history of miscarriage, mean blood cadmium levels, and mean urine chromium levels were present between the two groups (P1 = 0.013, P2 = 0.000, P3 = 0.000, P4 = 0.002, P5 = 0.046); the odds ratios in the spontaneous abortion with blood cadmium >0.4 µg/L, urine chromium >2 µg/L, gravity <3, parity <2, and history of miscarriage >1 compared with the induced abortion group were 1.26 (1.09, 1.85), 1.56 (1.23, 2.53), 1.39 (1.17, 1.98), 1.72 (1.21, 4.62), and 1.18 (1.06, 1.65), with P‐values of 0.003, 0.031, 0.003, 0.247, and 0.001, respectively.

Conclusion

Blood cadmium and urine chromium levels are two possible biomarkers of toxic metal embryotoxicity in the general population, which means that in the general population, blood cadmium >0.4 µg/L or urine chromium >2 µg/L might indicate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion.
MEG3 interacted with miR‐494 to repress bladder cancer progression through targeting PTEN
Authors: Shan Guang , Tang Tian , Xia Yue , Qian Hui‐Jun
Published: July 2019

The long noncoding RNA MEG3 is a significant tumor‐suppressive gene in various tumors. But its biological role in bladder cancer remains uninvestigated. Herein, the biological mechanism of MEG3 in bladder cancer pathogenesis was explored. First, the expression of MEG3 in bladder cancer cells was examined, and we found that it was significantly reduced. In addition, in bladder cancer cells, we observed htat miR‐494 was increased. Then, MEG3 was overexpressed in UMUC3 and SW780 cells and it could negatively modulate miR‐494 expression. Bladder cancer cell proliferation was repressed, cell apoptosis was triggered and meanwhile, the cell cycle was remarkably arrested by the overexpression of MEG3. Moreover, the increase of MEG3 suppressed bladder cancer cell migration and invasion capacity. MEG3 can sponge miR‐494 and the binding sites between them were confirmed by carrying out a series of functional assays. Furthermore, PTEN was speculated as a putative target of miR‐494. Meanwhile, we found that miR‐494 inhibitors induced PTEN. Finally, in vivo assays were conducted to prove that MEG3 can restrain bladder tumor growth by modulating miR‐494 and PTEN. In conclusion, it was suggested MEG3 can interact with miR‐494 to regulate PTEN in bladder cancer development.
Resveratrol and HIV‐protease inhibitors control UCP1 expression through opposite effects on p38 MAPK phosphorylation in human adipocytes
Authors: Ravaud Christophe , Paré Martin , Yao Xi , Azoulay Stéphane , Mazure Nathalie M. , Dani Christian , Ladoux Annie
Published: July 2019

Brown and brown‐like adipocytes (BBAs) control thermogenesis and are detected in adult humans. They express UCP1, which transforms energy into heat. They appear as promising cells to fight obesity. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms leading to the browning of human white adipocytes or the whitening of BBAs represents a goal to properly and safely control the pathways involved in these processes.

Here, we analyzed how drugs endowed with therapeutic potential affect the differentiation of human adipose progenitor‐cells into BBAs and/or their phenotype.

We showed that HIV‐protease inhibitors (PI) reduced UCP1 expression in BBAs modifying their metabolic profile and the mitochondria functionality. Lopinavir (LPV) was more potent than darunavir (DRV), a last PI generation. PPARγ and PGC‐1α were decreased in a PI or cell‐specific manner, thus altering UCP1's constitutive expression. In addition, LPV altered p38 MAPK phosphorylation, blunting then the β‐adrenergic responses. In contrast, low doses of resveratrol stimulated the activatable expression of UCP1 in a p38 MAPK‐dependent manner and counteracted the LPV induced loss of UCP1. This effect was independent of the resveratrol‐induced sirtuin‐1 expression.

Altogether our results uncover how drugs impact crucial components of the networks regulating the expression of the thermogenic signature. They provide important information to control the relevant pathways involved in energy expenditure.
Intraoperative bile spillage is associated with worse survival in gallbladder adenocarcinoma
Authors: Blakely Andrew M. , Wong Paul , Chu Peiguo , Warner Susanne G. , Raoof Mustafa , Singh Gagandeep , Fong Yuman , Melstrom Laleh G.
Published: July 2019

Background

Gallbladder adenocarcinoma is often incidentally identified following cholecystectomy. We hypothesized that intraoperative bile spillage would be a negative prognostic factor.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients treated at a cancer center with histologically confirmed gallbladder adenocarcinoma, 2009‐2017, was performed. Patient, disease, and treatment factors were analyzed in terms of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Sixty‐six patients were identified. Tumor stage was T1 (n = 8, 12%), T2 (n = 23, 35%), T3 (n = 35, 53%). Node stage was N0 (n = 22, 33%), N1+ (n = 26, 39%), Nx (n = 18, 27%). Operations included cholecystectomy alone (n = 27, 36%), cholecystectomy and partial hepatectomy (n = 30, 45%), or hepaticojejunostomy (n = 9, 14%). Median PFS was 7 months (interquartile range [IQR], 2‐19); median OS was 16 months (IQR, 10‐31). Subset multivariate proportional hazards regression of 41 patients who underwent initial cholecystectomy showed decreased PFS was associated with intraoperative spillage (n = 12, 29%; hazard ratio [HR], 5.5; P = .0014); decreased OS was associated with drain placement (n = 21, 51%; HR, 8.1; P = .006).

Conclusions

Intraoperative bile spillage and surgical drain placement at initial cholecystectomy are negatively associated with PFS and OS in gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Explicit documentation of spillage and drain placement rationale is critical, possibly indicating locally advanced disease and prompting stronger consideration of systemic therapy before definitive resection.
The value of P2PA to travelers: Evidence from the Hong Kong market
Authors: Lau Chloe K.H. , Chui Raymond C.F. , Lin Pearl M.C. , Chan Ray T.M.
Published: July 2019

We investigated potential peer‐to‐peer accommodation (P2PA) rental customers with an online survey with 254 Hong Kong residents. The results indicated a different user spectrum covering relatively young, unmarried people in civilian posts, with high levels of education and low levels of income. Prospects preferred to use considered unsafe P2PA in safe destinations. We examined the factors affecting the respondents' willingness to use P2PA rentals with multifactor binary logistic regression analysis. We developed a model on how P2PA, destination, and personal attributes affect decision making to provide a useful point of reference for future researchers and industry practitioners.
Rare electrosurgical complications in tonsillectomy: Analysis of national adverse event reporting
Authors: Yamasaki Alisa , Bhattacharyya Neil
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To identify U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐reported adverse events related to electrosurgical devices during tonsillectomy and characterize the most common devices and patient/provider sequelae.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of FDA database of device‐related adverse events.

Methods

Data were extracted from the OpenFDA database for all adverse events reported for electrosurgical devices used in tonsillectomies from January 2008 to December 2017. Adverse events were classified by device, event type, etiology, complication severity, and patient disposition.

Results

Six hundred fifty‐two adverse events were identified, with 195 events (30%) leading to known bodily injury to patient/provider. Device failure was the most common adverse event (202 events, 31%), followed by burns in 187 patient (98% of burns) and three provider events (2%). Burn injuries occurred most frequently with coblation devices (78 events, 42% of burns), monopolar electrocautery (48 events, 25%), and electrosurgical generators (23 events, 13%). Burn injuries most commonly occurred in the oral cavity (144 events, 76% of burn events) and were most commonly first‐degree (28 events, 15%). Complications related to burns were managed conservatively for 36% of burn events (68 events), and secondary surgery was rarely required (8 events, 4%). Postoperative bleeding (173 events, 26%; 3 deaths) and intraoperative fire (73 events, 11%) were also reported. Device failures caused significant OR delay or cancellation in 17% of occurrences (35 events).

Conclusion

Numerous complications may occur with various devices used during tonsillectomy and can result in significant patient/provider harm and sequelae. Surgeons must understand the nature of such complications to facilitate safe perioperative care and inform preoperative patient discussions.

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 130:1138–1143, 2020
Enhancement of ciliary beat amplitude by carbocisteine in ciliated human nasal epithelial cells
Authors: Inui Taka‐aki , Yasuda Makoto , Hirano Shigeru , Ikeuchi Yukiko , Kogiso Haruka , Inui Toshio , Marunaka Yoshinori , Nakahari Takashi
Published: July 2019

Objective

Carbocisteine (CCis), a mucoactive agent, is used to improve the symptoms of sinonasal diseases. However, the effect of CCis on nasal ciliary beating remains uncertain. We examined the effects of CCis on ciliary beat distance (CBD, an index of amplitude), and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in ciliated human nasal epithelial cells (cHNECs) in primary culture.

Methods

The cHNECs were prepared from the nasal tissue resected from patients required surgery for chronic sinusitis (CS) or allergic rhinitis (AR). CBD and CBF were measured using videomicroscopy equipped with a high‐speed camera.

Results

CCis increased CBD by 30%, but not CBF, and decreased intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i) in cHNECs. The CCis’ actions were mimicked by the Cl−‐free NO3− solution. In contrast, prior treatment of NPPB (20 μM) or CFTR(inh)‐172 (1 μM), which increased [Cl−]i by 20%, decreased CBF by 10% and CBD by 25% and inhibited the CCis’ actions. However, prior treatment of T16Ainh‐A01 (10 μM) did not inhibit the CCis’ actions, although it decreased [Cl‐]i by 10% and CBD by 15%. Thus, CCis stimulates Cl‐ channels including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Moreover, CCis enhanced the transport of microbeads driven by the beating cilia in cHNECs. The CCis actions were similar in cHNECs from both types of pateints.

Conclusion

CCis increased CBD by 30% in cHNECs via an [Cl−]i decrease stimulated by activation of Cl− channels, including CFTR. CCis may stimulate nasal mucociliary clearance by increasing CBD in patients contracting CS or AR.

Level of Evidence

NA.

Laryngoscope, 130:E289–E297, 2020
Influence of regulated modification of nitride layer by oxygen on the electrochemical behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy in the Ringer's solution
Authors: Pohrelyuk Iryna , Tkachuk Oleh , Proskurnyak Roman , Guspiel Jan , Beltowska‐Lehman Ewa , Morgiel Jerzy
Published: July 2019

The corrosion behavior of oxynitrided Ti–6Al–4V alloy was investigated in the Ringer's solution (simulated body fluid) at a temperature of 37°C. The oxynitriding of the alloy was carried out by leaking controlled oxygen‐containing medium into the reaction chamber at the final stage of the nitride formation. It was determined that oxynitriding improved corrosion resistance of Ti–6Al–4V alloy as it provided lower corrosion current density by 1.3–1.5 times and higher corrosion potential. In this paper, we analyzed that the resistance of the double layer had increased with the increase of the oxygen content in titanium oxynitride. Its value was higher compared with untreated alloy, indicating higher corrosion resistance of the oxynitrided one.
Highly Stretchable, Transparent, and Bio‐Friendly Strain Sensor Based on Self‐Recovery Ionic‐Covalent Hydrogels for Human Motion Monitoring
Authors: Sun Hongling , Zhou Kangkang , Yu Yunfei , Yue Xiaoyan , Dai Kun , Zheng Guoqiang , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: July 2019

Stretchable, flexible, and strain‐sensitive hydrogels have gained tremendous attention due to their potential application in health monitoring devices and artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, it is still a huge challenge to develop an integrated strain sensor with excellent mechanical properties, broad sensing range, high transparency, biocompatibility, and self‐recovery. Herein, a simple paradigm of stretchable strain sensor based on multifunctional hydrogels is prepared by constructing synergistic effects among polyacrylamide (PAM), biocompatible macromolecule sodium alginate (SA), and Ca ion in covalently and ionically crosslinked networks. Under large deformation, the dynamic SA‐Ca2+ bonds effectively dissipate energy, serving as sacrificial bonds, while the PAM chains bridge the crack and stabilize the network, endowing hydrogels with outstanding mechanical performances, for instance, high stretchability and compressibility, as well as excellent self‐recovery performance. The hydrogel is assembled to be a transparent and wearable strain sensor, which has good sensitivity and very wide sensing range (0–1700%), and can precisely detect dynamic strains, including both low and high strains (20–800% strain). It also exhibits fast response time (800 ms) and long‐time stability (200 cycles). The sensor can monitor and distinguish complicated human motions, opening up a new route for broad potential applications of eco‐friendly flexible strain‐sensing devices.
CoCrFeMnNi high‐entropy alloy powder with excellent corrosion resistance and soft magnetic property prepared by gas atomization method
Authors: Jin X. , Gu X. , Quan F. , Ran X. , Zhang K. , Mao A.
Published: July 2019

To successfully fabricate high‐entropy alloys by powder metallurgy, laser cladding, or thermal sprayed method, the high‐entropy alloy powders possessing good homogeneous microstructure are very important. However, the study on the properties of the high‐entropy alloy powder has still been lacking. In this work, an equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high‐entropy alloy powder with spherical shape was synthesized by gas atomization method. The as‐atomized CoCrFeMnNi high‐entropy alloy powder is composed of a single face‐centered cubic solid solution phase with the particle size of 34.0 μm. Furthermore, the as‐atomized powder exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in 10 % hydrochloric acid solution to 304 L stainless steel powder, and also shows an excellent soft magnetic behavior. Therefore, the gas atomization method can be used to generate other kinds of high‐entropy alloy powders for many challenging industrial applications.
On the extreme rainfall events during the southwest monsoon season in northeast regions of the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Varikoden Hamza , Revadekar J.V.
Published: July 2019

Hydrological disasters are recurrent over the northeast Indian region (NEI) due to heavy downpours within a short span of time. Therefore, the characteristics of rainfall extremes during the southwest monsoon over the NEI, their evolution and dissipation features, are discussed using rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 V7 and the Climate Prediction Center for 16 years from 2000 to 2015. Circulation features during the lead–lag of extreme events are also examined using the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis products. Thirty‐two extreme events such that rainfall of the day exceeds the 90th percentile were identified. During the extreme events, heavy rainfall is located mainly in the NEI without much spread in the aerial domain. The highest number of extreme rain events is found in July, followed by June and August. Trend analysis of the rainfall indicates a significant decrease in low rainfall events and this decreasing trend is compensated by the significant increasing trend in very heavy (>95 percentile) to extremely heavy (>99 percentile) rainfall events. The average life of the extreme rainfall events is found to be about 3 days during which the NEI receives more than 100 mm/day; however, on individual examination, this ranges from 2 to 5 days. A strengthening of the southerly component of lower level wind from the Bay of Bengal and an updraft due to convergence at 850 hPa over the region favours the rainfall peak. The sea level pressure anomaly gradient and vertical velocity show a sudden development of conditions favourable for a heavy downpour over the northeast region.