bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Server
Authors: Krajewski Markus
Published: May 2019

Though classic servants like the butler or the governess have largely vanished, the Internet is filled with servers: web, ftp, mail, and others perform their daily drudgery, going about their business noiselessly and unnoticed. Why then are current-day digital drudges called servers? This book explores this question by going from the present back to the Baroque to study historical aspects of service through various perspectives, be it the servants' relationship to architecture or their function in literary or scientific contexts. At the intersection of media studies, cultural history, and literature, this work recounts the gradual transition of agency from human to nonhuman actors to show how the concept of the digital server stems from the classic role of the servant.
“The Place of Their Desires”
Authors: Pulsipher Jenny Hale
Published: May 2019

This chapter looks at Hassanamesit, a Nipmuc Indian town nestled in the wooded hills forty miles inland from the coastal lands of the Massachusett Indians where John Wompas's ancestors came from. Although Wompas spent little of his own life there, he claimed it as his own. However, Hassanamesit was a place others desired as well; their conflicting wishes for its lakes and streams and thousands of acres of trees and meadows would powerfully shape Wompas's life and reputation and divide him from his closest kin. Hassanamesit was also the seat of the “royal line” of Nipmuc rulers. While individual communities of Nipmucs had their own rulers, or sachems, they also recognized a chief or paramount sachem, whose seat was at Hassanamesit.
“My Proper Right & Inheritance”
Authors: Pulsipher Jenny Hale
Published: May 2019

This chapter studies John Wompas's career selling Native land. Working as a mariner gave Wompas connections to people across New England and the larger Atlantic world, and soon after leaving Harvard, he began to sell, mortgage, or grant these people Indian land. Wompas's life experience in both Native and English worlds gave him the knowledge and skills to navigate between them, borrowing the legal practices of both to lend legitimacy to his transactions. His land deals provided him with a source of income, occasionally even wealth. Moreover, his strategic use of English and Indian land ways allowed him to push back against the growing dominance of English law and authority that permitted colonists to secure vast tracts of land from Indians for a pittance.
“One Piece of Land to Cling on To”
Authors: Pulsipher Jenny Hale
Published: May 2019

This concluding chapter studies the Hassanamisco Reservation. Edward Pratt, the executor of John Wompas's will, wasted no time attempting to cash in on his acquaintance with the land-rich Indian sailor. On November 3, 1679, safely landed in New England, Pratt registered his deed for eight miles square of Nipmuc land with the Middlesex County clerk. However, Pratt and the other Englishmen who held deeds to Wompas's land and benefited from his will battled with colony authorities and Wompas's Nipmuc kin for nearly a quarter of a century, interrupted by wars and several changes of government. Despite the self-serving efforts of Pratt and his associates, Hassanamesit remained in Indian possession well into the eighteenth century. A few acres of Hassanamesit—the Hassanamisco Reservation—are still held by Nipmucs in the twenty-first century, and the legal documentation of that possession leads directly back to the will of John Wompas.
The Transcendent People
Authors: Ashwood Loka
Published: May 2019

This chapter suggests that in order to understand the full fallout of for-profit democracy, one must understand a simple truth relied on by those perpetually disinherited in the Burke County black community: God, not government, would deliver justice. Reckoning with the full fallout of majority tyranny in for-profit democracy requires rethinking the assumption that people showing up or standing up signals faith in the state they seek to reform. For some, showing up did not signal faith in the democratic state, a part of the corrupt system, but faith in God. In between absolute disenfranchisement and the promise of collectivity, the Burke County black Baptist churches can be found. There, pastors enter spaces of hopelessness to speak the word of God, knowing that their people often cannot stand behind them in a system broken by the majority's rule.
Ecologies of Witnessing
Authors: Pollin-Galay Hannah
Published: May 2019

This book reassesses contemporary Holocaust testimony, focusing on the power of language and place to shape personal narrative. Oral histories of Lithuanian Jews serve as the textual base for this exploration. Comparing the remembrances of Holocaust victims who remained in Lithuania with those who resettled in Israel and North America after World War II, the analysis reveals meaningful differences based on where they chose to live out their postwar lives and whether their language of testimony was Yiddish, English, or Hebrew. The differences between their testimonies relate to notions of love, justice, community—and how the Holocaust did violence to these aspects of the self. The argument illuminates the multiple places that the Holocaust can fill in Jewish historical memory. Beyond the particular Jewish case, the book raises fundamental questions about how people draw from their linguistic and physical environments in order to understand their own suffering. The analysis challenges the assumption of a universal vocabulary for describing and healing human pain.
The Case of France, 1758–1764
Authors: Van Kley Dale K.
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores how France, in acting against the Jesuits, displays the feature of Archetto-centered plotting and planning that was present in diverse degrees in all the suppressing states. The contrast that first leaps to view is that while everywhere else it was the Catholic kings and their ministers who led the offensive against the Jesuits, in France that offensive came from “below” by parlements that took advantage of the monarchy's fiscal distress to impose a suppression of the Society on a reluctant Louis XV. That structural difference accounts in turn for the long-drawn-out and highly contingent and eventful character of the suppression in France as opposed to the “terrible swift sword” of the expulsions elsewhere.
Conclusion
Authors: Shumsky Dmitry
Published: May 2019

This concluding chapter reviews how Zionism as a historical phenomenon is commonly described as having two fundamental characteristics: one temporal and one spatial. Temporally, Zionism is usually characterized as a revolution. The Zionist movement is described as seeking to fundamentally change the face of the Jewish people so that it would no longer resemble the Jewish collective entity that preceded it. Spatially, it is generally agreed that Zionism wished to normalize the status of the Jewish people and transform it into a national group like all other nations in the modern geopolitical space. Combining these temporal and spatial characteristics leads to one of the most widely held arguments about Zionism: that in order to turn the Jews into a nation like all other nations, modern Zionism had to radically change the contemporary Jewish existence.
Supermarket USA
Authors: Hamilton Shane
Published: May 2019

This innovative history of supermarkets describes the role of food and agriculture during and after the Cold War. American business leaders and political figures deployed American supermarkets around the world as explicitly anticommunist "weapons" in the Cold War economic contest with the Soviet Union. Modern supermarkets, built upon industrial agriculture supply chains, penetrated world political and economic spheres during the Cold War Farms Race, embodying a pervasive rhetoric of exceptional American food abundance, a counterrevolutionary ideology of capitalist economic development, and a moral claim to the justifiability of U.S. economic power on the world stage. The farmers who produced the food for supermarket supply chains were enlisted in the Farms Race in ways that shaped how agricultural development schemes proceeded in the latter half of the twentieth century. Ultimately, notions of U.S. food power were reconfigured into global systems of market power coordinated by multinational agribusiness corporations. The stage was set for our present moment, in which transnational supermarkets operate as powerful institutions of nonstate governance in the global food economy.
The Farms Race Begins
Authors: Hamilton Shane
Published: May 2019

This chapter explains the conceptual outlines and historical roots of the Cold War Farms Race. Openly violent notions of the anticommunist power of American agriculture and food distribution emerged, making it possible to conceive of American supermarkets as not only products of “free enterprise” but also as “weapons” capable of demolishing communist claims to economic superiority over capitalism. The rhetorical militancy of the Farms Race did not emerge out of thin air during the Cold War, however. The three strands of the Farms Race—a pervasive rhetoric of exceptional American food abundance, a counterrevolutionary ideology of capitalist economic development, and a moral claim to the justifiability of U.S. economic might—emerged from decades of U.S. agricultural and food policies stretching back to the era of World War I. During and immediately after World War II, ideas about development, modernization, and feeding a hungry world merged into formal Cold War policies under Presidents Truman and Eisenhower. Disagreements about the appropriate role of private enterprise versus formal government action shaped the historical trajectories of such programs as Truman’s Point Four campaign and Eisenhower’s “trade not aid” agenda, but by the mid-1950s the Farms Race was in full swing.
Socialist Supermarkets and “Peaceful Competition”
Authors: Hamilton Shane
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on Eastern Europe, highlighting the ways in which the communist contestants in the Farms Race pursued noncapitalist goals in the economic battles of the Cold War. Supermarket USA—a project jointly pursued by the U.S. Department of Commerce and a private supermarket trade group in 1957—was the first full-scale American-style supermarket to be erected in a communist country. U.S. propagandists touted the Supermarket USA exhibit at Zagreb’s 1957 trade fair as proof of the power of capitalist agriculture and efficient food distribution. Yugoslavian communist leaders, however, recognized the potential for deploying supermarkets in their campaign to convince restive rural peasants to accept socialist approaches to food production. The Yugoslavian adaptation of American supermarkets contrasts with the Soviet Union’s efforts, under the leadership of the rhetorically gifted Nikita Khrushchev, to defy American proclamations of capitalism’s superiority as a mode for spurring agricultural productivity and consumer abundance. In particular, the chapter highlights the ways in which the famous 1959 Kitchen Debate between Khrushchev and U.S. vice president Richard Nixon should be understood as a debate not just about kitchens or consumerism but about the structure of the agricultural systems that fed into both capitalist and communist kitchens.
Epilogue
Authors: Hamilton Shane
Published: May 2019

The epilogue centers on the question of how the contemporary world of global agribusiness differs, but also builds upon, the structures of the Cold War Farms Race. A brief discussion of Walmart’s entry into India opens the epilogue, offering an examination of how agricultural development as pursued by multinational corporations has been framed as an apolitical exercise. Yet as a brief discussion of Venezuela’s current food crisis demonstrates, the power exercised in food supply chains means that no such action can be apolitical. A discussion of supermarkets’ penetration into Eastern Europe after the end of the Cold War furthermore highlights the ongoing contestation over what counts as “free enterprise” in the global supermarket-driven food economy. Finally the epilogue offers a few words on the paucity of contemporary food politics discourse and the problem of assuming consumer sovereignty.
The limits of post-Marxism: the (dis)function of political theory in film and cultural studies
Authors: Bowman Paul
Published: May 2019

This article first sets out the value of the political discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe. It argues that this work was central to the development of cultural studies, in its theorisation of social and cultural practices as being part of ‘political discourse’. This confers a dignity, status, value and political importance on cultural practices of all kinds. However, the article seeks to probe the limits of this approach to cultural politics, and it does so through a necessarily unusual exploration. First, it takes an example of something ostensibly trivial from the realms of film and popular culture and explores it in terms of Laclau and Mouffe's categories, in two different ways. The ‘trivial’/pop cultural example is Bruce Lee. Could Bruce Lee be regarded as ‘politically’ significant or consequential? He was certainly an enormously influential film and popular cultural icon of the 1970s, one who arguably ignited a global ‘kung fu craze’. Moreover, Bruce Lee also had his own ‘hegemonic project’, seeking to transform and unify martial arts practices. In this paper, Bruce Lee's own ‘project’ is first examined in the terms of Laclauian categories. These are shown to be extremely useful for grasping both the project and the reasons for its failure. Then the article moves into a wider consideration of the emergence of globally popular cultural discourses of martial arts. However, Laclau and Mouffe's approach is shown to be somewhat less than satisfactory for perceiving at least some of the ‘political’ dimensions entailed in the spread martial arts culture and practices, from contexts of the global south into affluent contexts such as Hollywood film and Euro-American cultural practices. The paper argues that this is because Laclau and Mouffe's approach is logocentric, which leads it to look for and to perceive a very limited range of factors: specifically, political identities formed through political demands. However, to more fully perceive the political dimensions of culture, the paper argues that different kinds of perspective, paradigms and analysis are required. Adopting or developing some of these would enrich the field of political studies.
The limits of post-Marxism: the (dis)function of political theory in film and cultural studies: a reply to Paul Bowman
Authors: Rowcroft Andrew
Published: May 2019

This reply set sets out to briefly evaluate the limits of post-Marxism in contemporary culture before turning to Paul Bowman's innovative use of the contributions of Ernesto Laclau for considering globally popular cultural discourses on martial arts. Building upon the critical and creative openings developed by Bowman, the reply focuses on distinctions between the particular and the universal, the concrete and the abstract, in relation to martial arts practices. The focus on these concepts opens up the ability to contemplate new concrete universals.
From domination to emancipation and freedom: reading Ernesto Laclau’s post-Marxism in conjunction with Philip Pettit’s neo-republicanism: a reply to Gulshan Khan
Authors: Ottemo Andreas
Published: May 2019

In her article, Gulshan Khan highlights some particularities in Laclau's theorising of domination, emancipation and freedom, through contrasting Laclau's work with the neo-republican political theorist Philip Pettit. Pettit is largely positioned as a theorist of ‘what is’, while Laclau is acknowledged for theorising the conditions for more revolutionary change. In the reply, it is argued that this difference can be understood in terms of the distinction between ‘politics’ and ‘the political’. While Khan suggests that Pettit's work can complement Laclau's in having more to say about concrete ‘politics’, this reply suggests that this lack has also been fruitfully addressed by scholars closer to Laclau within the Essex School. A discussion of theoretical and methodological implications of engaging with this work in relation to the themes discussed by Khan concludes the response.
Spectres of post-Marxism? Reassessing key post-Marxist texts
Authors: Sim Stuart
Published: May 2019

The emergence of a movement of post-Marxist thought from the 1970s onwards brought to attention a series of texts all offering a highly critical reading of the Marxist tradition, broadly speaking from the perspective of poststructuralist and postmodernist theory. Jean- François Lyotard's Libidinal economy, Jean Baudrillard's The mirror of production, Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's Hegemony and socialist strategy, and Jacques Derrida's Spectres of Marx constituted a sustained critique of Marxism and its cultural legacy, ranging in approach from outright rejection to calls for substantial revision of its main concepts. The effect was to generate considerable controversy across the left. But what has been the legacy of each text: a dead end, or a signpost to the future of left-wing thought? This article reassesses these four key works to consider the extent to which they still resonate meaningfully today, either theoretically or politically, given the many social changes that have occurred in the interim.
Spectres of post-Marxism? Reassessing key post- Marxist texts: a reply to Stuart Sim
Authors: Howson Richard
Published: May 2019

This reply to the article ‘Spectres of post-Marxism? Reassessing key post-Marxist texts’ focuses on two key moments that emerge from Stuart Sim's argument: the identification of the complexity of the signifier ‘post-Marxism’; and post-Marxism's engagement with relativism via postmodernity and poststructuralism. In developing this argument Sim offers a close reading of what are considered to be four key post-Marxist texts by Baudrillard, Lyotard, Laclau and Mouffe, and Derrida and concludes that the conceptual thread that runs through all of them is relativism. However, in this response it will be argued that while relativism might indeed tie these texts together, it is problematic to then move to an argument that suggests post- Marxism demands a leaving behind of Marxism or anti-Marxism. The key to understanding this problematic is evident in the relationship between modernity and postmodernity through the application of concepts such as, limit and antagonism.
Protecting Children
Authors: Featherstone Brid , Gupta Anna , Morris Kate , White Sue
Published: May 2019

The state is increasingly experienced as both intrusive and neglectful, particularly by those living in poverty, leading to loss of trust and widespread feelings of alienation and disconnection. Against this tense background, this innovative book argues that child protection policies and practices have become part of the problem, rather than ensuring children's well-being and safety. Building on the ideas in the best-selling Re-imagining Child Protection and drawing together a wide range of social theorists and disciplines, the book challenges existing notions of child protection, revealing their limits. It ensures that the harms which children and families experience are explored in a way that acknowledges the social and economic contexts in which they live, and explains how the protective capacities within families and communities can be mobilised and practices of co-production adopted. The book places ethics and human rights at the centre of everyday conversations and practices.
Building better people: policy aspirations and family life
Authors: Featherstone Brid , Gupta Anna , Morris Kate , White Sue
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the residual, but strongly legitimised, role for the state in preventing damage to children, which carries high levels of criticism for those parents seen as failing to optimise their child's developmental potential. The idea that childhood experiences are important and can be formative clearly has a common-sense truth to it and obviously, traumatic experiences in childhood will have lasting impacts. However, a vocabulary has emerged in which notions of toxic parenting and the quest for optimum developmental flourishing create new mandates for the state to act. The chapter then argues that these are necessary to explain the sharp rises in national rates of child removal, particularly the permanent removal of very small children, documented over the last decade. They also contribute to service fragmentation by privileging intervention in the early years in the form of ‘evidence-based’ parenting programmes.
Breastfeeding and popular culture: reflections for policy and practice
Authors: Symes Nicki , Mayo Elizabeth , Laird Emma
Published: May 2019

This commentary is informed by personal written reflections as well as ideas from a conversation, both of which sparked our engagement with the chapters and the meaning of the seminar series to us. Quotes within the chapter are from these conversations and reflections; we decided not to identify ourselves in relation to these....
Series context: reflection on experiences of attending the seminar series
Authors: Tedstone Sally
Published: May 2019

Attending the seminar series was a unique experience in which a range of participants from the fields of academia, practice and policy were brought together with the intention of creating the opportunity for ‘collaborative knowledge creation’. I was interested to explore the extent to which the vehicle of the seminar series fulfilled this ambition and how the seminars were experienced by the range of attendees. In this short chapter I will share what I have discovered....
“I am not that type of grandmother”: (non)compliance with the grandmother archetype among contemporary Czech grandmothers
Authors: Vidovićová Lucie , Galčanová Lucie
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the ways in which a literary character from The Grandmother: A story of country life in Bohemia, written in 1855 by Božena Němcová, is translated into the contemporary conceptualization of the ‘typical’ grandmother in popular culture and an archetype in the sociological meaning of the word, and how it serves as a frame of reference for narrative expressions of identity among contemporary Czech grandmothers. The results are based on the analysis of cultural production and qualitative interviews with Czech active agers, who connect the literary character both positively and negatively to changing social role performances via everyday practices such a food preparation, care and appearance. The chapter concludes by enhancing existing typologies of grandparental roles and shows how the normativity of the ideal operates within the narrative accounts of today´s young-old persons..
The Invisible Woman: Sexism in Sociology
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This introductory chapter provides an overview of sexism in sociology. In much sociology, women as a social group are invisible or inadequately represented: they take the insubstantial form of ghosts, shadows, or stereotyped characters. This issue of sexism has a direct relevance to the main topic of this book: a survey of housewives and their attitudes to housework which was carried out in London in 1971. The conventional sociological approach to housework could be termed ‘sexist’: it has treated housework merely as an aspect of the feminine role in the family — as a part of women's role in marriage, or as a dimension of child-rearing — not as a work role. This book thus departs from sociological tradition and takes a new approach to women's domestic situation by looking at housework as a job and seeing it as work, analogous to any other kind of work in modern society.
Images of Housework
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses how housewives themselves perceive the housework situation. Two conflicting stereotypes of housework exist in popular thinking today. According to one, the housewife is an oppressed worker: she slaves away in work that is degrading, unpleasant, and essentially self-negating. According to the other, housework provides the opportunity for endless creative and leisure pursuits. Throughout the forty interviews, a clear perception of housework as work emerges. The women in the sample experience and define housework as labour, akin to that demanded by any job situation. Their observations tie in closely with many findings of the sociology of work; the aspects of housework that are cited as satisfying or dissatisfying have their parallels in the factory or office world. This equivalence is emphasized further by the women's own tendency to compare their reactions to housework with their experience of working outside the home.
Standards and Routines
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on two dimensions of the housewife's job definition: standards and routines. In describing her daily life, every woman interviewed outlined the kind of standards she thought it important to stick to in housework, and the type of routine she used to achieve this end. There was, of course, a great deal of variation between one housewife and another. Some set what could be called ‘perfectionist’ standards, while others adopted a more casual attitude to order and cleanliness in the home. For some there were rigid routines repeated in the same way from one day to the next; for others, routines were more flexible. Different criteria are used in defining standards. Cleanliness may be the basic aim, with untidiness tolerated; or there may be an attitude of ‘a place for everything and everything in its place’ while the dust under the beds and the dirt hidden in crevices pass relatively unnoticed.
Learning the Language of the Child
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores the process of a new mother coming to terms with her newborn. It shows how, within the hospital, biological motherhood is achieved, but the social role of mother is only rehearsed. The chapter considers the breadth of emotions that the mother goes through as she endures the crippling sense of isolation, the challenges of being a new mother, and even the joys of motherhood. Looking after a baby twenty-four hours a day is an experience that cannot be imagined in advance, after all. Ninety-one per cent of the sample mothers in this volume said it differed from their expectations — motherhood is more exhausting, even if it is also more rewarding, than the rosy pictures in the books. Images of how people thought it would be come more sharply into focus when viewed through the lens of reality: motherhood a full-time job, a responsibility for life.
A Bite of the Apple
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

During the pilot study for the Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome project, several shared themes emerged from the stories told by participants. These themes later took shape as systematic patterns during the main project itself. Among these themes are: the unresolved anguish of having a small, sick baby in the past, and the consequent increased anxiety in the next pregnancy; inability to get enough of the right kind of information from medical and midwifery staff; problems of insensitive care; physical and/or emotional and/or financial difficulties with partners; trouble with other relatives; and the task of becoming and being a mother in conditions of poverty. This chapter looks at the way in which these themes emerged in the pilot study, and at other ‘results’ of this stage of the research.
The National Health Service in England1
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter explains how it can argued that the larger the investment by any society in ‘individualism’, the more may ‘health consciousness’ spread. Similarly, the limits to what is personally conceived to be tolerable in feelings of bad health or inadequate function may also rise. And as society becomes more health conscious (in the sense of more individuals becoming aware of the higher standards expected of them) the more may each individual become dependent, or at least feel dependent, in an age of scientific medicine, on other individuals — and on resources external to themselves for the achievement of good health.
‘The Power of Radio’: Radio and Social Change
Authors: Bedford Charlotte
Published: May 2019

This chapter utilizes the Prison Radio Association's (PRA) core statement regarding ‘the power of radio’ as a starting point from which to explore the key ideas around radio as a socially and individually transformative medium in order to inform the understanding of how it came to be used in prison. The chapter outlines the shifting relationship between radio broadcasting and social change and argues that the evolution and establishment of radio within prisons is indicative of new opportunities for media activism, demonstrating the enduring social relevance and impact of radio. The chapter also places the development of National Prison Radio within a wider debate on the history and future of noncommercial broadcasting, based on the balance between governmental regulation and control on the one hand, and the countercultural opportunities it produces on the other.
Ten Years On: Global Themes in Prison Radio Development
Authors: Bedford Charlotte
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses how a continuing belief in the power of radio to change people's lives shapes Prison Radio Association (PRA) activity. The impact of National Prison Radio (NPR) for people in prison is demonstrated through annual audience increases and listener feedback. Yet, from the outset, the PRA has recognised the need to develop some kind of continuation service for people leaving prison. Each year, more people are locked up in prisons around the world, with increasing numbers returning to prison in a cycle of reoffending. The chapter also shows how imprisonment serves to exacerbate the complex disadvantage that leads to criminalisation, separating people even further from any preexisting support networks.
Carbon criminals
Authors: White Rob
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on corporate harm. The problem with trying to tackle corporate harm is that virtually every act of the corporate sector is deemed, in some way or another, to be ‘good for the country’. This ideology of corporate virtue, and the benefits of business for the common good, is promulgated through extensive corporate advertising campaigns, capitalist blackmail, and aggressive lobbying of government and against opponents. The prevailing view among government and business is that, with few exceptions, the ‘market’ is the best referee when it comes to preventing or stopping current and potential environmental harm. To address corporate harm, then, requires a political understanding of class power and a rejection of formally legal criteria in assessing criminality and harm. As such, it implies conflict over definitions of conduct and activity, over legitimacy of knowledge claims, and over the role and use of state instruments and citizen participation in putting limits on corporate activity.
The Harms of Work
Authors: Lloyd Anthony
Published: May 2019

This book provides a qualitative account of working conditions within the contemporary service economy. As the largest employer in the modern labour market, investigating its realities demonstrates a number of problematic issues. The quest for profitability, efficiency and customer satisfaction drive a number of practices that can be interpreted from a social harm perspective. The use of zero-hours contracts, temporary work agencies, just-in-time management, lean working, and emotional labour, underpinned by targets and performance management reflect the imperatives of capital and the requirement for profitability. In relation to the employees who work in such precarious forms of employment, a number of harms appear. The ‘Victorian’ working conditions noted at individual operators such as Sports Direct are not anomalies but instead represent the normal functioning of the sector. In considering work from a social harm perspective, the book offers a unique contribution to the sociology of work and criminological or social harm studies. The social harm consideration of systemic violence is extended by an ultra-realist perspective that accounts for the symbolic violence of ideology and the problematic subjectivities willing to inflict harm on others. In its conclusions, the book asks for a consideration of the role of ideology and political economy in debates which seek to fix the harms of work.
Introduction
Authors: Lloyd Anthony
Published: May 2019

This chapter introduces the themes and issues at the heart of the book. Starting with an account of Sports Direct and its recent publicity for treatment of employees, this chapter establishes the reality that this is not an anomaly but rather the normal functioning of the service economy. A brief account of the size and scale of the service economy confirms the necessity of closer investigation into its practices. The introduction also delineates the methodological questions that underpin this book; it outlines the origins of this study, the research location and the sample. The chapter alludes to the emergence of social harm as a unique theoretical perspective with the capacity to connect macro, meso and micro level factors such as the imperatives of capital, the configuration of labour markets and management practice, and the impact on individuals who may be subject to or inflict harm on others.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lonergan Meg D. , Prorokova Tatiana
Published: May 2019

Why Horror Seduces, Mathias Clasen (2017) New York: Oxford University Press, 190 pp., ISBN-13 978-0-19066-650-7, p/bk, $29.40 CAD

Plant Horror: Approaches to the Monstrous Vegetal in Fiction and Film, Dawn Keetley and Angela Tenga (eds) (2016) London: Palgrave Macmillan, xxiv, 278 pp., ISBN: 978-1-137-57062-8, h/bk, $119,99
The ornamental and the monstrous: Exploring feminine architecture in Dario Argento’s Suspiria (1977)
Authors: Schulze Joshua
Published: May 2019

In the cinema of Dario Argento, the architecture frequently draws attention to itself and often cross-contaminates various eras and influences within a single film. However, in critical discussions of his 1977 film Suspiria, the interior styles deployed and their thematic and political relationship to the characters themselves have not been as arduously explored. This article will seek to argue that the architecture in Suspiria embodies a rhetoric in art criticism and the horror film that posits feminine styles as ornamental and somehow dangerous and deceptive, and the female body as unknowable and treacherous – ultimately perpetuating the idea that a woman’s sexual difference in all its manifestations is an unassailable threat to man and the progress of modernity. The first section will introduce the various theories and existing literature surrounding Argento, while the second engages with how the film uses ornament and the ‘pretty’ in relation to its female characters. The third section seeks to elucidate how the architectural recreation of maternal and anatomical imagery ties in with theories of ornament and modernity, while the fourth and final part will observe the role of waste in a building that is both decorative and antiquated in a modern context, where everything is measured by utility.
The beast without: The cinematic werewolf as a (counter)cultural metaphor
Authors: Mann Craig Ian
Published: May 2019

While in-depth cultural histories have been devoted to such horror monsters as the vampire, the zombie and Frankenstein’s monster, the cinematic werewolf has long been considered little more than a Freudian allegory for the dark side of man. Accepted thinking on horror cinema would have it that countercultural ‘New Horror’ films such as Night of the Living Dead (Romero, 1968), The Last House on the Left (Craven, 1972) and The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (Hooper, 1974) marked a turning point, proving beyond doubt that the horror film could be a site for social, cultural and political debate. Yet, while a few examples have been given scholarly attention outside of psychoanalytic discourse, the werewolf film is still considered to have little cultural resonance and continues to be framed in the context of ‘the beast within’. This article argues that, while this term has been historically important in establishing the werewolf as a topic for scholarly study, its continued dominance prevents us from engaging with the werewolf as a complex and mutating cultural metaphor. By providing cultural readings of Werewolves on Wheels (Levesque, 1971), The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (Juran, 1973) and The Werewolf of Washington (Ginsberg, 1973) – three films that share their thematic preoccupations with the New Horror movement – it illustrates that the werewolf is just as versatile as our other popular monsters and should be considered not just in the context of the psychoanalytic ‘beast within’ but the cultural ‘beast without’.
Partir con ventaja. Las características de la candidatura presidencial ganadora en América Latina (1993-2017)
Authors: Rivas Otero José Manuel , Bohigues Asbel , Miranda Olivares Nicolás
Published: May 2019

Las candidaturas presidenciales son parte de la élite política, sin embargo, los principales estudios se han abordado sobre todo desde el comportamiento electoral y no desde la teoría de élites. Este artículo busca identificar, mediante análisis de regresión logística, qué características sociodemográficas son más ventajosas para ganar una elección. No se busca explicar el voto, sino definir tendencias de victoria o derrota electoral en función del perfil de las candidaturas; se trata de un estudio de élites políticas, no de comportamiento electoral. Para ello, se construye una base de datos propia con dichas características de 388 candidaturas presidenciales latinoamericanas desde 1993 hasta 2017. Luego de identificar los aspectos más relevantes que ha venido señalando la literatura, se plantea una propuesta metodológica que además de factores individuales incorpore, a modo de control, también factores estructurales, tales como los partidos y sistemas de partidos, oficialismo-oposición y el nivel de desarrollo socioeconómico. Los resultados muestran que tener familia en cargos políticos, estar vinculado a grandes empresas, u ocupar altos cargos de responsabilidad política incrementan significativamente la probabilidad de ganar las elecciones presidenciales. Finalmente, se recogen las conclusiones y la agenda a futuro.
Yield, quality and nutrient accumulation in watermelon as a function of organo-mineral fertilization
Authors: Oliveira Filho Francisco Sales , Pereira Francisco Hevilásio Freire , Brito Marcos Eric Barbosa , Medeiros Joyce Emanuele , Lacerda Francisco Hélio Dantas , Campos Júnior José Eustáquio
Published: May 2019

The study aimed to assess the yield, nutrients accumulation and fruit quality of watermelon grown under different NPK rates provided by mineral and organic fertilizers. The experiment was performed at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus Pombal-PB, during the period from June to September 2013. Treatments consisted of three nutrient concentrations N, P and K (50, 100 and 150% of NPK recommendation for watermelon) and five ratios of mineral and organic fertilizer (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25 / 75 to 0/100). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 3x5 factorial scheme with four replicates. The NPK rate corresponding to 100% was 120 kg ha-1 respectively for N, P and K. The following variables were evaluated: fruit yield, nutrient accumulation, titratable acidity, soluble solids and ratio between soluble solids and titratable acidity. The concentration of 150% of nutrients was more effective in increasing the yield for the 75/25, 25/75 and 0/100 ratios of mineral and organic fertilizers, and the concentrations of 100 and 150% were the most effective in the accumulation of soluble solids when applied in the mineral and organic fertilizer ratios of 75/25 and 50/50.
Characteristics of 137 macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) fruit accessions from Goias, Brazil
Authors: Reis Edésio Fialho dos , Pinto Jefferson Fernando Naves , Assunção Hildeu Ferreira da , Netto Antonio Paulino da Costa , Pereira da Silva Danielle Fabiola
Published: May 2019

Accessions of macaw palm fruits from the State of Goias, Brazil were characterized aiming the identification of groups with similar characteristics and indicate groups with higher agronomic potential, using multivariate tools. Fruit were harvested with completed yellow fruit bunches without whitish scores. The evaluated variables were fruit and almond length, fruit and almond diameters, fruit and dehydrated almond weight, average number of almonds, oil percentage of almond and dried fruit. The genetic diversity of populations was evaluated by Ward’s clustering method and Person´s correlation was obtained to evaluate the relative importance of each characteristic and variance analysis associated with Tukey´s test to verify the group’s effects. The studied population demonstrated great variability. The characteristics that most contributed to the variability were fruit weight and diameter and the almond´s oil percentage. Ward´s group analysis revealed six groups of similarity, being significant for all evaluated characteristics. Group VI stood out for all evaluated characteristics and group III presented the best averages for the almond´s weight and almonds and dried fruit oil percentage.
Sediment Losses in Watersheds in the Western-Center Meso-Region Rio-grandense
Authors: Krolow Ivan Renato Cardoso , Rheinheimer Danilo Dos Santos , Pellegrini André , Alvarez Jimmy Walter Rasche , Krolow Daniela Da Rocha Vitória , Mohammed Benkhelifa
Published: May 2019

The permanent monitoring of sediment losses in small-paired watersheds is still incipient, especially in what concerns the search for information that combines variables that are part of an open and dynamic system. In this sense, this work investigated sediment losses in watersheds in the Western Meso-region Rio-grandense from 07/2010 to 12/2012. The auxiliary variables were composed of rainfall, surface and base flow and kinetic energy – in comparison to the morphometry of each microbasin and its use – to the concentration of suspended sediments and total sediment loss. Statistical analysis of the data was based on descriptive statistics, taking into account the indicators of cumulative, average, standard deviation, standard error and variance, as well as regression analysis. The largest mild to smooth corrugate relief area of the smallest river basins is not sufficient to provide lower superficial runoff values. The increase in rainfall directly contributes to the increase in kinetic energy, and leads to greater sediment losses in both small hydrographic basins. The larger area occupied by natural water reservoirs contributes efficiently to the reduction of suspended sediment losses. The watershed with larger area is more susceptible to the triggering of erosive processes than to the smaller area, in 8 (2010), 6 (2011) and 4 (2012) times.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of sugarcane productivity in function of air temperature and water stress
Authors: Casaroli Derblai , Alves Júnior José , Pêgo Evangelista Adão Wagner
Published: May 2019

Climate variables can influence the both productivity and quality of the commercial product of sugarcane crop. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of thermal time, negative degree-days and water deficit on productivity and industrial quality of sugarcane for the Goiás Brazilian Savanna region. The data of productivity and industrial quality were obtained in the field (Plant Centro Álcool®) and climate data in the weather station. Thermal time and the accumulation of negative degree-days in cycles showed significant correlations with the yield. The highest (340 mm) and the lowest (158 mm) accumulated water deficit blade not reflected in lower productivity and greater, respectively. Relative evapotranspiration (rET) was equal at 1.0 in more than 50% of the studied period, in which not were found significant correlations between the rET<1 with the productivity and industrial quality. We found significant correlations between rates of degree-days and negative degree-days with productivity rates; however, there was a low correlation between the water deficit rates and productivity. The total recoverable sugars rates and total soluble solids showed maximum accumulation point only in function of degree-day rates. We conclude that the thermal time has greater influence on yield decrease of sugarcane with different harvest cycles, significantly contributing to the accumulation of sugars in the stem.
Application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in irrigated common bean crops
Authors: Oliveira Renato Augusto de , Buso Wilian Henrique Diniz , Gomes Leandro Lopes , Martins Pedro Henrique Marques , Rodovalho Renato Souza , Oliveira Henrique Fonseca Elias de
Published: May 2019

The use of adequate management practices and high nitrogen fertilizer rates have contributed to increase the common bean grain yield, however, the application of nitrogen fertilizer at sowing still requires evaluations for irrigated crops in the Brazilian Cerrado biome region. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of application of different rates of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer—dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)—at sowing and as top-dressing on agronomic performance and leaf area index of irrigated common bean crops grown in the Brazilian Cerrado biome region. A randomized block design in a 4×3 factorial arrangement with four replications was used. The treatments consisted of four nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1) and three application forms (100% at sowing, 100% as top-dressing, and 50% at sowing + 50% as top-dressing). Irrigation was managed with class A tanks and two-day intervals. The nitrogen applied at the different stages of the crop did not affect the production components of the common bean plants. The highest grain yields were found with the nitrogen rates of 180 kg ha-1 in 2015 (1,756.37 kg ha-1), and 123.98 kg ha-1 in 2016 (1,799.63 kg ha-1).
Anaerobic biodegradation of cassava wastewater under different temperatures and inoculums
Authors: Amorim Miriam Cleide Cavalcante de , Silva Paula Tereza De Souza , Barbosa Patricia Silva , Montefusco Nayara Evelyn
Published: May 2019

The production of starch generates, as a by-product, the cassava wastewater (manipueira), which can be treated by anaerobic digestion to provide biogas and minimize its polluting potential. The most commonly utilized biomass in the anaerobic digestion is the anaerobic sludge. The literature presents, as an alternative to sludge, bovine manure and ruminal fluids, being scarce the studies with the cassava wastewater. This research evaluated the influence of temperature on the microbial ability of cattle and goat rumen in anaerobically biodegrading the manipueira in substitution to the anaerobic sludge. The cattle and goat rumen specific methanogenic activities (SMA) were compared with that of the anaerobic sludge. Subsequently, by using the inoculum which had the best SMA results, cassava wastewater biodegradability tests were performed, investigating the kinetics of the organic matter removal and methane production at 32 ° C and 39 ° C. The bovine rumen presented better results in the SMA (0,315 g COD-CH4 g VSS.d-1) and methane production (1,026 mL). The temperature of 32 °C did not influence the activity of bovine ruminal inoculum as the kinetics of the biodegradation of the manipueira did not differ for the evaluated temperatures (0.1799 d-1 at 32°C and 0.1781 d-1 at 39°C). Bovine rumen achieved glucose reduction of 76% and 80% and methane yield of 77% and 79% for the tests at 32°C and 39°C, respectively. It is inferred that this type of inoculum might be used in reactors of anaerobic digestion processes for the treatment of the cassava wastewater at the ambient temperature of the semiarid region.