bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derechos humanos, enfoque diferencial y construcción de paz. Breves reflexiones desde una visión constitucional.
Authors: Forero-Salcedo José Rory
Published: May 2019

Se dan a conocer en éste capítulo una serie de reflexiones y planteamientos, con los que se pretende adentrar al lector en una temática oceánica, esto es el respeto y garantía con enfoque diferencial, de los derechos y deberes de las personas en Colombia con especial protección constitucional, en el marco de la construcción de paz que anhela la sociedad colombiana; cometido para el cual, a manera de conceptualización, contextualización y caracterización, se realiza en un primer apartado una aproximación a los fundamentos supra legales de la igualdad en el Estado Constitucional, Social y Democrático de Derecho colombiano; en segundo término, se analiza el respeto y garantía desde la óptica del enfoque diferencial, atendiendo a la tipología que normativa, jurisprudencial y doctrinalmente se ha venido planteando en relación con estos colectivos; para culminar en una tercera parte, con algunas recomendaciones para la inclusión desde el reconocimiento de la diferencia, en tanto presupuesto para que se garanticen y respeten los derechos de los sujetos de especial protección constitucional, en la implementación de los pos acuerdos derivados del proceso de paz.
Cambio organizacional en el sistema de salud colombiano. Una mirada desde la perspectiva institucional.
Authors: Suárez-Pineda Marlén , Urbiola-Solís Alejandra Elizabeth
Published: May 2019

Conventional organizational theory has dealt with the phenomenon of change in organizations from different approaches, putting rationalist logic before relativist visions. This work aims at approaching this concept from the institutional perspective, through a case study in a regional hospital in Colombia. The study is based on the subjective paradigm that, using an interpretative methodology, aims at understanding the reality, from the perspective of the subjects that perform the social action. Partial findings indicate that the pressures of the organizational field produce a process of institutionalization in hospital organizations, which guide their structures and plans towards compliance with the field, to ensure legitimacy and with it its permanence. This research is an empirical evidence of organizational action as a social construct, which is supported by the theorists of sociological neo-institutionalism.
Bacteriological profile and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in chronic suppurative otitis media (TTD) in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Govindaraj Sriram , Iype Jinu Vadakkanethu , V. Srinivasa , S. Jayendiran
Published: May 2019

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the common infective conditions which can cause many complications if not treated properly. Improper use of antibiotic among the common population has led to many drug resistant organisms; therefore it is necessary to study the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern before treating the patient with CSOM. Aim of the study was to identify the bacterial isolates causing CSOM in tubo tympanic disease and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

Methods: The study was carried out in ENT department in Vinayaka Mission Medical College, Karaikal from July 2018 till December 2018 for six months. 60 patients of CSOM (TTD) with ear discharge attending the ENT Out Patient Department were included in the study. Swabs were collected for culture and sensitivity. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done.  

Results: Pseudomonas species was the most predominant organism, which was seen in 19 patients (38%) followed by Escherichia coli (22%), Staphylococcus aureus (18%), Klebsiella species (10%).

Conclusions: A continuous and periodic evaluation of microbiological pattern and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern prevalent in local area, helps in prescribe proper antibiotics for successful treatment of CSOM and thus minimizing its complications and emergence of resistant strains.

 
Thermodynamic analysis of endoreversible six-stroke Otto cycle with respect to equivalence ratio, residual gas fraction and mean piston speed
Authors: ARABACI Emre
Published: May 2019

The analysis of the
six-stroke Otto cycle was performed using the finite-time thermodynamics
dependence on mean piston speed, equivalence ratio and residual gas fraction.
In the analysis, friction loss, internal irreversibilities, heat transfer
losses were taken into account by empirical correlations. Relations between
power output, thermal efficiency, and compression ratio were obtained by
detailed numerical examples. The results were presented as comparative for
four- and six-stroke Otto cycle. It was assumed that the cycles operate with
the same mixture flow per second so that both performances of cycles can be
compared. The study showed that more fuel flow can be supplied to the
six-stroke Otto cycle for the same mixture flow. However, there was a slight
increase in the maximum cycle temperature. For this reason, the results are
crucial in providing a good guideline for evaluating and improving the
performance of real six-stroke Otto engines.
L’apocalypse de la vitesse : Marinetti lecteur de Zola
Authors: Cuillé Lionel
Published: May 2019

F.T. Marinetti (1876-1944) a embrigadé Émile Zola (1840-1902) comme précurseur du futu­risme italien, parce qu’il a introduit dans le roman naturaliste la fascination pour les machines, et pour le train en particulier. Au-delà d’une analyse de la réception critique de l’auteur des Rougon-Macquart, je fais l’hypothèse que les intuitions formulées par Marinetti dans « La nouvelle religion-morale de la Vitesse » (1916) mettent en évidence chez le roman­cier natu­raliste une réflexion sur l’accélération du monde : La Bête humaine (1890) révèle non seulement une esthétique et une éthique pré-futuristes, mais effectue aussi un transfert sacral au lieu-dit « La Croix-de-Maufras ». C’est à travers cette figure polysémique que Zola pense le rapport entre la technologie et la religion, et plus précisément entre la vitesse et la Provi­dence dans le monde moderne. F.T. Marinetti (1876-1944) enlisted Emile Zola (1840-1902) as a precursor of Futurism for having introduced machines, and trains in particular, into the naturalist novel. Beyond an analysis of Zola’s literary reception in Italy, this essay argues that the insights Marinetti formulated in "The New Religion-Morality of Speed" (1916) highlight the naturalist writer’s reflections on the acceleration of the world: The Human Beast (1890) not only reveals a pre-futurist aesthetic and ethics, but also achieves a transfer of sacredness to the place called « La Croix-de-Maufras ». Via this polysemic symbol, Zola reflects upon the relationship between technology and religion, speed and Providence, in the modern world.
Migraine, dyspepsia, and Helicobacter pylori; zeroing in on the culprit
Authors: Akbari Nayereh , Hormati Ahmad , Sharifipour Ehsan , Hejazi Seyed Amir , Jafari Fatemeh , Seyed Ali Seyed Ali , EJ Golzari Samad
Published: May 2019

Background: Numerous studies have evaluated the impact of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on the number, severity, and recurrence of migraine attacks. But the association of migraine, H. pylori, and gastrointestinal (GI) presentation is challenging. The aim of the current study was to investigate the correlation between migraine, H. pylori, and peptic ulcers among patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper GI endoscopy. Methods: 305 patients with dyspepsia referring to our endoscopy ward, Shahid Beheshti Hospital affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, for upper GI endoscopy filled out the study questionnaire. If a patient was experiencing headaches and the migraine was confirmed by neurologists, he/she was asked to answer the questions related to migraine, which were prepared exactly from Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire. The relation between migraine and confirmed H. pylori contamination was investigated using statistical models. Results: Of all the 305 patients, 133 (43.6%) had confirmed episodic migraine headaches (MHs) and 177 patients (58.04%) had positive RUT for confirming H. pylori contamination, of which 123 (69.5%) had confirmed migraine. 52 (17.0%) had duodenal peptic ulcer(s), of which, 49 (94.2%) had a positive rapid urease test (RUT) (P < 0.001). 20 (6.5%) of all patients had the gastric peptic ulcer(s) which did not have a significant relation with H. pylori contamination. There was a significant relationship between the peptic ulcer site and migraine. In total, 177 patients (58.0%) had a positive RUT. History of migraine was significantly positive in those with positive H. Pylori contamination. Notably, multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant relation of H. pylori and migraine at younger ages. Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori and migraine in patients with dyspepsia seems to be high. Moreover, there is a meaningful association between migraine, duodenal peptic ulcers, and H. pylori infection, too.
Involvement of cerebellum in frontotemporal dementia; a case presentation using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (FDG-PET/MRI)
Authors: Nivins Samson , Berkins2 Samuel
Published: May 2019

The abstract not available.
Optimización de Recursos mediante la Simulación de Eventos Discretos
Authors: Orozco-Crespo Erick , Sablón-Cossio Neyfe , Saraguro-Piar Ramiro , Hermoso Dalila , Rodríguez-Sánchez Yadamys
Published: May 2019

Gran parte del éxito de una organización se concentra en la toma de decisiones en su función de operaciones. Administrar adecuadamente los recursos que intervienen en sus procesos de transformación, se convierte en un verdadero reto en aras de elevar la efectividad. Ante lo cual, aparece la optimización, basada en la simulación de eventos discretos, como herramienta de gran potencial en los sistemas productivos o de servicios, no sólo por los ahorros que implica su uso en cuanto a tiempo y costo, sino también por su potencial para minimizar errores en la toma de decisiones. En correspondencia con lo anterior, el presente trabajo se propuso demostrar (Objetivo) las fortalezas de estas herramientas como soporte a la toma de decisiones, que optimicen la asignación de hombres y máquinas en procesos productivos con cierto nivel de complejidad y que garanticen el mínimo costo total, el cumplimiento de los planes de producción y un buen desempeño del sistema. Para ello, se aplicaron los softwares FlexSim, como simulador de eventos discretos, de conjunto con sus herramientas Experfit y Experimenter; y el IBM SPSS Statistics para otros análisis estadísticos. Los resultados son presentados con la aplicación a un caso de estudio relacionado con una empresa productora de medias y perteneciente al sector textil en la provincia Imbabura, Ecuador; al lograr asignar los recursos disponibles por cada una de las subsecciones y secciones de trabajo pertenecientes al punto limitante del proceso productivo y ajustadas a las cantidades determinadas en el Plan Maestro de Producción. Lo anterior, garantizando un mínimo de costo total en el cumplimiento de dicho plan y un buen desempeño de las principales métricas en la operación.
Quo Vadis Penundaan Pencatatan Perkawinan bagi Wanita Hamil di Luar Nikah
Authors: Hikmah Maziyyatul
Published: May 2019

This article aims to describe the policy of postponing marriages because prospective pregnant brides are out of wedlock in Junrejo Subdistrict, Batu City, East Java and describe the views of legal experts on the policy. This article is based on empirical juridical research with a qualitative approach. The research data was obtained through interviews with informants and supported by books, articles, related statistical data. The results of the discussion of this article indicate that the delay in the implementation of marriage registration because prospective pregnant brides outside of marriage have the potential to cause acts of abuse and harm the community because the legislation does not require that female candidates are not pregnant when applying for marriage registration at KUA. This policy raises two different attitudes among community leaders. The support group stated that this policy reduced free sex while the group that did not agree with this policy assessed the rights of children in womb to be sacrificed in the event of a marriage delay.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kebijakan penundaan perkawinan karena calon mempelai perempuan hamil di luar nikah di Kecamatan Junrejo Kota Batu Jawa Timur dan mendeskripsikan pandangan para pakar hukum terhadap kebijakan tersebut. Artikel ini didasarkan pada penelitian yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan informan dan didukung dengan buku, artikel, data statistik terkait. Hasil pembahasan artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa penundaan pelaksanaan pencatatan perkawinan karena calon mempelai perempuan hamil di luar nikah berpotensi kuat menimbulkan tindakan kesewenang-wenangan dan merugikan masyarakat karena peraturan perundang-undangan tidak mensyaratkan bahwa calon perempuan tidak sedang hamil pada saat mengajukan pemberitahuan pencatatan nikah di KUA. Kebijakan ini menimbulkan dua sikap yang berbeda di kalangan tokoh masyarakat. Kelompok yang mendukung menyatakan bahwa kebijakan ini mengurangi perilaku seks bebas sedangkan kelompok yang tidak sepakat dengan kebijakan ini menilai hak anak yang ada dalam kandungan dikorbankan pada saat terjadi penundaan perkawinan.
Implementasi Budaya Kerja Kementerian Agama dalam Proses Pencatatan Nikah
Authors: Jamian Jemian
Published: May 2019

Public service is one of the country's obligations to the community. The state is obliged to guarantee the rights and fulfill the needs of the community, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. The services in question can be in the form of goods, services, and / or administrative services. This article aims to describe the implementation of marriage records in the Office of District Religious Affairs based on the work culture spirit of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. This research is empirical research with a qualitative approach. The research focus is the Office of Religious Affairs in the Blangkejeren District, Gayo Regency. The results of this study indicate that community satisfaction in public services in the field of marriage can be achieved if done by a professional, clean, and accountable apparatus. One effort that can be done is by utilizing the SIMKAH Online application. The use of the SIMKAH Online application in the process of marriage registration in the Office of Religious Affairs is a manifestation of the work culture of professionalism and innovation within the Ministry of Religion.Pelayanan publik merupakan salah satu kewajiban negara kepada masyarakat. Negara wajib menjamin hak dan memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, sebagaimana amanat Undang-Undang Dasar 1945.Pelayanan yang dimaksud dapat berupa penyediaan barang, penyediaan jasa, dan/atau pelayanan administratif.Artikel ini bertujuan mendeksripsikan implementasi pencatatan perkawinan di Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan berdasarkan semangat budaya kerja Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Lokus penelitian adalah Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Blangkejeren Kabupaten Gayo. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan masyarakat dalam layanan publik di bidang pernikahan bisa tercapai apabila dilakukan oleh aparatur yang profesional, bersih, dan akuntabel. Salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi SIMKAH Online.Penggunaan aplikasi SIMKAH Online dalam proses pencatatan perkawinan di Kantor Urusan Agama merupakan manifestasi dari budaya kerja profesionalitas dan inovasi di lingkungan Kementerian Agama. w:LsdException Lo
Hak Ex Officio Haki Pengadilan Agama Wamena dalam Perkara Nafkah Pasca Perceraian
Authors: Labib Ali Zia Husnul
Published: May 2019

Divorce has legal consequences, both for husband and wife and children. One of them is living for children. Child income is often not the focus of the discussion in divorce. Large potential children become victims of divorce from their parents. This article aims to describe the ex officio rights of Wamena Religious Court judges in giving ultra petita decisions to the wages of their wives and children after divorce along with the legal basis used. This research is included in empirical legal research using a case study approach. Primary data sources processed from the results of in-depth interviews with judges at the Wamena Religious Court. Decision number 21 / Pdt.G / 2015 / PA.W based on the principle of legal certainty, justice, and expediency. This punishment is expected to provide a guarantee in fulfilling a child's living after divorce. The panel of judges uses ex officio rights based on the Supreme Court Jurisprudence of the Republic of Indonesia.Perceraian membawa dampak hukum, baik terhadap suami-istri maupun anak-anak. Salah satunya adalah nafkah bagi anak. nafkah anak sering kali tidak menjadi fokus pembahasan dalam perceraian. Anak berpotensi besar menjadi korban perceraian orang tuanya. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan hak ex officio hakim Pengadilan Agama Wamena dalam memberikan putusan ultra petita terhadap nafkah istri dan anak pasca perceraian beserta dasar hukum yang digunakan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian hukum empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan case study. Sumber data primer diolah dari hasil wawancara mendalam dengan para hakim di Pengadilan Agama Wamena. Putusan nomor 21/Pdt.G/2015/PA.W didasarkan pada asas kepastian hukum, keadilan dan kemanfaatan. Penghukuman ini diharapkan dapat memberikan jaminan dalam pemenuhan nafkah anak pasca perceraian. Majelis hakim menggunakan hak ex officio didasarkan pada Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia.
Sobre los números extraordinarios en materia de Derecho del trabajo y de la Seguridad Social
Authors: Blázquez Agudo Eva María
Published: May 2019

Presentación números monográficos
Encuentros y desencuentros entre el TEDH y el TJUE en materia de igualdad de género = Agreements and disagreents between ECHR and CJEU in matters of gender equality
Authors: Lousada Arochena José Fernando
Published: May 2019

Resumen. El estudio analiza las coincidencias y las discrepancias existentes entre la jurisprudencia del TEDH y del TJUE en relación con dos cuestiones concretas en las cuales está implicada la igualdad de género: la conciliación masculina y la discriminación múltiple. La existencia de las discrepancias obedece a las diferentes características de los ordenamientos jurídicos que cada tribunal debe aplicar. El Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos es un texto sobre derechos humanos y habilita ampliamente al TEDH para su aplicación. Mientras que el Derecho de la Unión Europea, aunque tiene unos objetivos de integración más ambiciosos que el CEDH, presenta carencias en materia de derechos humanos, lo que limita en no pocas ocasiones la actuación del TJUE. La solución estaría en la deseable integración de ambos ordenamientos jurídicos a través de la adhesión de la Unión Europea al CEDH.Palabras clave: igualdad de género, TEDH, TJUE.Abstract. The study analyzes the coincidences and discrepancies between the jurisprudence of the ECHR and the CJEU in relation to two specific issues in which gender equality is involved: male conciliation and multiple discrimination. The existence of the discrepancies is due to the different characteristics of the legal systems that each court must apply. The European Convention on Human Rights is a text on human rights and enables the ECHR to apply it broadly. While the European Union Law, although it has more ambitious integration objectives than the ECHR, it has many lacks about human rights, which limits the CJEU’s decissions on many occasions. The solution would be the desirable integration of both legal systems through the accession of the European Union to the ECHR.Keywords: gender equality, ECHR, CJEU.
Editorial
Authors: Sanz Fernández Ana , Díez Bermejo Ana
Published: May 2019

Editorial
El río Manzanares en su paso por los tejidos urbanos de Madrid: el juego de posibilidades entre una biofilia hídrica cotidiana y la recuperación ecológica riparia = The Manzanares River as it passes through the urban fabric of Madrid: the balance of possibilities between a daily water biophilia and the ecological riparian recovery
Authors: Da Silva Faustino Alexandre
Published: May 2019

ResumenDentro del marco teórico-práctico de la búsqueda de una mejor sostenibilidad urbana, se hace necesario plantear nuevos escenarios que apunten hacia el equilibrio entre las demandas y los usos de los entornosfluviales para garantizar su uso actual y futuro. En un intento de encontrar posibles estados de equilibrios e identificar situaciones conflictivas sobre los ecosistemas riparios y sus entornos inmediatos, se ha analizado como están configuradas las condiciones ecológicas y las demandas de uso social del continuo fluvial urbano del río Manzanares en Madrid. Tras la aplicación de protocolos de evaluación de la calidad social y ecológica de estos espacios, se han evidenciado situaciones más conflictivas para estosparámetros cuando se concentran mega infraestructuras urbanas en los entornos riparios. A su vez, escenarios más equilibrados son posibles cuando el ecosistema del río encuentra libertad para la reanudación de procesos naturales y su entorno tiene mejores condiciones de acceso para el uso recreativo.AbstractWithin the theoretical-practical framework of the searching for better urban sustainability conditions, it is necessary to propose new scenarios focused on balancing the demands and uses of fluvial environments to ensure their current and future use. In an attempt to find possible equilibrium states and identify conflicting situations around riparian ecosystems and their immediate surroundings, we have analyzed how are configured the ecological conditions and demands for social use of the urban river continuum of the Manzanares River in Madrid. After the application of evaluation protocols of the social and ecological quality of these spaces, more conflictive situations have been evidenced for these parameters where mega urban infrastructures are concentrated over the riparian zone. In turn, more balanced scenarios are possible when the river’s ecosystem finds freedom for the resumption of natural processes and its environment has better access conditions for recreational use.
Salinas en la Provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. Caracterización e impactos por la expansión urbana = Salt Flats in Santa Elena’s province, Ecuador. Characterization and impacts of urban expansion
Authors: Henríquez Tigrero Yadira
Published: May 2019

ResumenLa extracción de la sal en la puntilla se ha venido desarrollando desde 1763, y ha sido un motor económico y medio para proveer de recursos a familias que artesanalmente se dedicaban a ella. Las salinas de la Provincia de Santa Elena conforman un ecosistema en el que convivencomunidades vegetales y especies endémicas y constituyen uno de los paisajes naturales más singulares de la provincia.En la actualidad el paisaje salinero se ha visto reducido en las últimas décadas por la expansión urbana y la carencia de políticas de estado que contemplen su conservación. El presente trabajo de investigación muestra el análisis de la situación de las salinas marinas, emplazadas en la costa de la ciudad de Salinas, centrándose en los cambios que han presentadoen los últimos años, debido a los procesos de urbanización. Desde una perspectiva histórica y etnográfica se describe el funcionamiento y  métodos de extracción de la sal; para la identificación y clasificación de las salinas tanto industriales como artesanales. El estudio comprende lavariación en la extensión de las salinas, y si son contempladas en las estrategias de protección frente al crecimiento urbano en los instrumentos normativos municipales.AbstractSalt extraction in The Salinas has been developing since 1763 and has been an economic and an engine to provide resources to families who were handcrafted engaged in it. The Salina’s municipality make up an ecosystem in which plant communities and endemic species coexist andconstitute one of the most unique provinces’s natural landscapes.Today the salt landscape has been reduced in recent decades by urban expansion and the lack of State Policies that contemplate its conservation. This research paper shows the analysis of the the salt marshes’s situation, located on the coast of the city of Salinas, focusing on the changes theyhave presented in recent years, due to urbanization processes. From a historical and ethnographic perspective, the operation and methods of salt extraction are described, for the identification and classification of both industrial and handcrafted salt flats. The study comprises the variation in the extension of the Salinas, and if they are contemplated in the strategies of protection against the urban growth in the normative instruments of the municipality.Salinas as a city its contemplating the implementation of strategies for protection of these ecosystems against the urban growth in the normative instruments of the municipality.
Synthetic Packed-Bed Generation for CFD Simulations: Blender vs. STAR-CCM+
Authors: Flaischlen Steffen , Wehinger Gregor D.
Published: May 2019

A common reactor type in the chemical and process industry is the fixed-bed reactor. Accurate modeling can be achieved with particle-resolved Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations. However, the underlying bed morphology plays a paramount role. Synthetic bed-generation methods are much more flexible and faster than image-based approaches. In this study, we look critically at the two different bed generation methods: Discrete Element Method (DEM) (in the commercial software STAR-CCM+) and the rigid-body model (in the open-source software Blender). The two approaches are compared in terms of synthetically generated beds with experimental data of overall and radial porosity, particle orientation, as well as radial velocities. Both models show accurate agreement for the porosity. However, only Blender shows similar particle orientation than the experimental results. The main drawback of the DEM is the long calculation time and the shape approximation with composite particles.  
The Possibility of Gene Flow Between Cultivated and Wild Rice in Ghana, A Review
Authors: Oppong Gavers Kwasi , Akomeah Belinda , Tawiah Isaac , Asante Maxwell Darko
Published: May 2019

Several transgenic rice lines have been developed and are currently under field trials around the world. There are future plans for the commercial release of transgenic rice into the environment. Rice is an autogamous plant and therefore not perceived to be a very high candidate for pollen mediated gene flow to wild and weedy relatives. However, in a tropical environment like Ghana, where sexually compatible wild Oryza species which belongs to the AA genome are present within the ecology of cultivated rice, the possibility of gene flow to wild species cannot be overlooked. There is little evidence on gene flow and its consequences on the wild rice species should they acquire useful genes through gene flow. This review discusses the chances of cultivated to wild rice gene flow in Ghana and the biosafety considerations that should be put in place before the commercial release of genetically modified (GM) rice.
Kultur Embrio Pisang Liar Musa acuminata ssp. sumatrana yang Langka (Embryo Culture of Endangered Wild Banana Musa acuminata ssp. sumatrana)
Authors: Roostika Ika , Sutanto Agus , Edison NFN , Dewi Nurwita
Published: May 2019

Musa acuminata ssp. sumatrana adalah pisang liar yang langka dan perlu dilestarikan. Teknik kultur in vitro dapat diterapkan untuk melestarikannya. Penerapan teknik konservasi secara in vitro memerlukan penguasaan metode regenerasi, termasuk formulasi media tumbuh. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh BA, TDZ, dan PVP terhadap daya hidup dan regenerasi embrio M. acuminata ssp. sumatrana. Rancangan percobaan disusun secara faktorial dalam lingkungan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah BA (0, 1, 3, dan 5 mg/L), faktor kedua adalah TDZ (0 dan 0,1 mg/L) dan faktor ketiga adalah PVP (100 dan 300 mg/L). Peubah yang diamati adalah persentase daya hidup, persentase daya tumbuh, persentase pembentukan akar, jumlah tunas, jumlah akar, dan jumlah daun yang terbentuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara taraf BA, TDZ, dan PVP terhadap seluruh peubah yang diamati. Kombinasi perlakuan BA 5 mg/L dengan TDZ 0,1 mg/L dan PVP 300 mg/L menghasilkan persentase hidup, persentase tumbuh, jumlah tunas, dan jumlah daun yang paling tinggi, berturut-turut 100% daya hidup, 100% daya tumbuh, lima tunas/eksplan, dan 15 daun/tunas. Media tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk perbanyakan in vitro M. acuminata ssp. sumatrana dalam penyediaan materi untuk konservasi in vitro.

Keywords

Musa acuminata ssp. sumatrana; Pisang liar langka; Regenerasi embrio

Abstract

Musa acuminata ssp. sumatrana is an endangered wild banana species that should be conserved. The in vitro culture can be applied for conserving wild banana accessions. The establishment of regeneration method, including the use of growth medium, is required in the application of in vitro conservation. The influence of BA, TDZ, and PVP to the survival and growth rate of embryos of M. acuminata ssp. sumatrana will be discussed in this study. The factorial in compeletely randomized design with four replications was used in this study. The first factor was BA (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/L), the second factor was TDZ (0 and 0.1 mg/L), and the third factor was PVP (100 and 300 mg/L). Variables observed were the percentage of survival rate, the percentage of growth rate, the percentage of root formation, number of shoot, root, and leaf. The result a significant interaction between the concentration of BA, TDZ, and PVP to all observed variables. The combined treatment between 5 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L TDZ, and 300 mg/L PVP provided the highest survival rate (100%), growth rate (100%), shoot multiplication (five shoots/explant), and number of leaf (15 leaves/shoot). This medium can be applied for micropropagation of M. acuminata ssp. sumatrana in supplying plant materials for in vitro conservation.
A Coupled Transient Wellbore/Reservoir-Temperature Analytical Model
Authors: Galvao M. S. , Carvalho M. S. , Barreto A. B.
Published: May 2019

This work presents a new coupled transient wellbore/reservoir thermal analytical model, consisting of a combined reservoir/casing/tubing system. The analytical model considers flow of a slightly compressible, single–phase fluid in a homogeneous infinite–acting reservoir system and provides temperature–transient data for drawdown and buildup tests at any gauge location along the wellbore. The model accounts for Joule–Thomson (J–T), adiabatic–fluid–expansion, conduction, and convection effects. The wellbore–fluid mass density is modeled as a function of temperature, and the analytical solution makes use of the Laplace transformation to solve the transient heat–flow differential equation, accounting for a transient wellbore–temperature gradient ∂T/∂z. The solutions presented assume moderate– to high–permeability reservoirs and do not consider skin effects in the formation. Results of the analytical model are compared with those of a commercial thermal simulator and with those of available models in the literature. Our model provides more accurate transient–temperature–flow profiles along the wellbore in comparison with previous analytical models in the literature. Furthermore, a generalization of a well–known parameter–estimation method from transient–temperature data is provided.
The Effect of Resin-Coated Proppant and Proppant Production on Convergent-Flow Skin in Horizontal Wells With Transverse Fractures
Authors: Shaoul Josef R. , Park Jason , Langford Marc
Published: May 2019

In the last decade, many gas reservoirs with permeabilities from 0.1 to 10 md have been developed with horizontal wells with transverse fractures. The potential negative effect of convergent flow in the fractures seems to have been forgotten. The widespread use of resin-coated proppant (RCP) in offshore wells appears to make this problem worse. Using both case studies and reservoir simulations, we examine why RCP could make the problem of convergent flow worse compared with uncoated proppant.

Several North Sea horizontal and deviated multifracture gas wells that used RCP and had a significant mechanical skin are presented. Pressure-buildup data confirm the presence of a near-wellbore pressure drop in the fractures. Reservoir simulation with a fine grid reproduces the observed pressure drop because of convergent flow, using realistic proppant-pack permeabilities with gel damage.

The effect of proppant production on the convergent-flow skin is shown using production data before and after discrete proppant-production events, demonstrating how proppant production has a beneficial effect on removing convergent-flow skin. We also compare the performance of a new horizontal multifracture well to the original discovery well in the same location, in which a vertical well was fracture stimulated with uncoated proppant and had comparable productivity.

If there is a large convergent-flow skin in a fracture with uncoated proppant, this usually leads to some proppant production, which could create “infinite conductivity” channels at the perforations. This removes the convergent-flow pressure drop. If RCP is used to prevent proppant flowback, such channels cannot form easily, and convergent flow acts as a downhole “choke” on production. This “choke” can produce a significant positive skin. In the worst case, a horizontal multifracture well with three or four transverse fractures can produce the same as a fully perforated vertical well with a single fracture.

On the basis of a number of real-world incidents of proppant production during post-fracture cleanup, we show strong evidence that a small amount of proppant production can result in an increase in well productivity index (PI) and a decrease in apparent fracture skin. Convergent flow is the most likely mechanism to explain this. In this paper we highlight the potential reduction in well productivity from using RCP for fracturing in gas wells (0.1 to 10 md) with limited inflow area (transverse or oblique fractures), where convergent-flow pressure loss is significant. We show the potential positive effect of small amounts of proppant production in such cases, forming infinite-conductivity channels and removing the convergent-flow skin.
Sanjin Tablets for Acute Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection (Syndrome of Dampness-Heat in the Lower Jiao): Protocol for Randomized, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel Control of Positive Drug, Multicentre Clinical Trial
Authors: Lv Jian , Xie Yan-ming , Gao Zhan , Shen Jian-wu , Deng Yue-yi , Xiang Song-tao , Gao Wen-xi , Zeng Wen-tong , Zhang Chun-he , Yi Dan-hui , Wang Lian-xin , Wang Zhi-fei
Published: May 2019

Background
Acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections. Patients usually present with dysuria, urinary urgency, urinary frequency and suprapubic pain or tenderness. Approximately 150 million people are diagnosed with UTI each year worldwide. The high recurrence rate of lower UTI is a common problem of clinical treatment. The misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of a number of resistant bacterial strains. Thus, traditional Chinese medicine is considered as an alternative option for treating acute uncomplicated lower UTI. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety and recurrence rate of Sanjin tablets (SJT) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI; explore whether SJT can reduce or substitute the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI.
Methods/Design
In this study, a randomized, double blind, double dummy, parallel control of positive drug, multicentre clinical study will be established. A total of 252 patients with acute uncomplicated lower UTI (syndrome of dampness-heat in the lower jiao) will be randomly allocated in the ratio of 1:1:1 to three groups: experimental group, control group 1 and control group 2. The experimental group receives Sanjin tablets plus levofloxacin tablets (LT) placebo; the control group 1 receives LT plus SJT placebo; and the control group 2 receives SJT plus LT on the first 5 days, SJT plus LT placebo on the last 2 days. Each group will be treated for 7 days and followed-up for 1-2 times. The primary outcome measures of effective rate and recurrence rate are symptoms. Secondary outcome measures of effective rate and recurrence rate are the urine leukocyte, bacteriology examination and safety assessment. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after treatment.
Discussion
This study protocol will provide the research data of efficacy, safety and recurrence rate of SJT for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI; explore the possibility of using SJT to reduce or substitute the use of antibiotics. The results of this study will improve the rational use of drugs, especially the rational application of antibiotics. It will also enable safety evaluation from laboratory indices and adverse events, which will provide reliable evidence for clinical treatment.
The Eagle Jugular Syndrome
Authors: Zamboni Paolo , Scerrati Alba , Menegatti Erica , Galeotti Roberto , Lapparelli Marcello , Traina Luca , Tessari Mirko , Ciorba Andrea , De Bonis Pasquale , Pelucchi Stefano
Published: May 2019

Background

The elongation of the styloid process is historically associated with two variants of the Eagle syndrome. The classic one, mainly characterized by pain and dysphagia, and the carotid variant characterized by pain and sometimes by cerebral ischemia. We observed a further variant characterized by a styloid elongation coursing adjacent to the transverse process of C1, causing significant compression of the internal jugular vein.

Methods

We revised all the cases of Eagle syndrome, including the jugular variant, admitted in our Hospital in the last six years.

We compared symptomatology, associated comorbidities and imaging. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results

Overall 23 patients were admitted to the Hospital for symptomatic elongation of the styloid process, 11 male and 12 females. The jugular variant of the Eagle syndrome is clinically delineated by significant differences, as compared to the classic variant and carotid variants. Headache was the more prominent symptom (p<.009) as well as a documented peri-mesencephalic hemorrhage was the more significant comorbidity (p<.0003). The group classic-carotid variant was characterized by ipsilateral pain respect to the jugular variant (p<.0003). CT angiography with venous phase extended to the neck veins and imaging reconstruction is highly recommended as imaging technique, complemented by color-Doppler ultrasound.

Conclusions

The elongation of the styloid process may have different paths which creates compression on the surrounding anatomical structures. There may be a possible association of jugular impingement by an elongated styloid process with symptoms.
Stroke severity predicts transportation time and time until recanalization therapy in acute strokes
Authors: Mausbach Stefan , Jünemann Martin , Braun Tobias , Misselwitz Björn , Kaps Manfred , Stein Marco
Published: May 2019

Background

Ischemic stroke has rising prevalence in aging populations. Treatment depends on quick symptom recognition, transport to a hospital with a dedicated stroke care, imaging, and initiation of treatment, if indicated. The aim of this study is to show that transport, imaging, and treatment times depend on the severeness of the stroke, with more severe strokes being favored.

Methods

Statistical analysis was performed with data from a registry for quality assurance in stroke care in Hesse, Germany. Data was analyzed regarding ICD-10, and patients with I63 were further investigated. Patients with NIHSS ≥ 4 were included and subdivided into 4 ≤ NIHSS ≤ 11 (moderate stroke) and NIHSS ≥ 12 (severe stroke). Transport to hospital, time to image, and time to treatment were analyzed.

Results

Patients with severe strokes reach the hospital faster and in higher numbers in comparison to moderate strokes. If appropriate therapy is applied, in-hospital treatment regarding imaging is similar in both groups. Thrombolysis or endovascular treatment is initiated faster for severe strokes.

Conclusion

More public awareness of strokes is needed, specifically for moderate strokes to reach faster transport times to hospital as well as modern treatment options up to 24 hours for eligible patients. Individual standards need to be applied in each stroke treating hospital to guarantee the same fast treatment times for moderate and severe strokes.
Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Norovirus in Children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012-2017
Authors: Lu Lijuan , Zhong Huaqing , Xu Menghua , Su Liyun , Cao Lingfeng , Jia Ran , Xu Jin
Published: May 2019

Background

Noroviruses are considered the important causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups especially in children under five years. We investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of norovirus in outpatient children from Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China.

Methods

A total of 1433 stool specimens were collected from children under ﬁve years with acute gastroenteritis between January 2012 and December 2017. All the samples were analyzed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II targeting both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. Norovirus Genotyping Tool v.2.0 (https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/) was used for genotyping strains, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by MEGA 6.0.

Results

During 2012 to 2017, NoVs were detected in 15.4% (220/1433) of the samples, with high detection rate in children aged 7-12 months (19.2%, 143/746) and in September (27.7%, 33/119). Based on genetic analysis of RdRp, GII.Pe (74.5%%, 137/184) was the most predominating RdRp genotype from 2013 to 2017 while GII.P4 played a dominant role in 2012 (55.6%, 21/36). The most prevalent NoVs genotype was GII.4 (73.6%, 162/220) during 2012 to 2017 among the capsid genotypes. According to genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant RdRp and capsid genotypes, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, GII.P16/GII.2. GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 was completely instead of the pandemic of GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b since 2013 and distributed across all age groups in children.

Conclusions

The present study shows high detection rates and genetic diversity of circulating NoVs genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Shanghai. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of emerging NoVs strains.
Evaluation of the Sources of Stress in Dominican Dental Students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aragoneses Juan Manuel , Algar Juan , Suarez Ana , Brugal VA , Fernández-Domínguez M , Pérez R
Published: May 2019

Background

The dentistry practice has long been considered a highly stressful health-science profession. Stress in dental students has been addressed by a number of international studies, but it has never been studied specifically in students in the Dominican Republic. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the sources of stress in Dominican dental students so as to establish a link between said stressors, and school term and sex.

Methods

For measurement purposes, a survey (our modified Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire) was conducted on 103 dental students pursuing clinical practica. We analyzed our data using a one-way ANOVA, t-test, factor analysis and VARIMAX.

Results

All dental students in their final six terms of school suffered stress, with the 12th term ranking highest. The sources of stress differed among students in varying terms. Exams, fear of failing, interaction with teaching staff, as well as responsibilities associated with patient care, obtained the most points. Women obtained greater scores in certain items when compared to the academic factor.

Conclusions

The various sources of stress act independently in dental students, with those with greater values being exams, fear of failing subjects, different assessment criteria among teaching staff, responsibilities associated with patient care, fear of failing a term and job prospects. Women demonstrated a more acute response to stress with regards to the academic factor, end of university studies and self-esteem.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell microRNA profiles in syphilitic patients with serofast status
Authors: Jia Xinmiao , Liu Xiaoke , Wang Zhongshuai , Zheng Heyi , Li Jun
Published: May 2019

Background

Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with Treponema pallidum, which can invade various system organs, leading to clinical manifestations such as neurosyphilis, ocular syphilis, and cardiovascular syphilis and seriously endangering human health. Serofast status is a common outcome after syphilis treatment that presents an important clinical problem. At present, the etiology of serofast status remains unknown.

Methods

A systematic investigation of the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with serofast status or secondary syphilis and of healthy control subjects was conducted using small RNA-seq. The expression of miRNAs was further confirmed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays.

Results

The data reveal a specific miRNA expression profile that was displayed in cells from patients with serofast status. Known and novel predicted (np)-miRNAs were also identified and verified, such as miR-338-5p, np-miR-163, np-miR-128, np-miR-244, and np-miR-5, which together may be used as indicators for treatment evaluation. The functions of genes targeted by the miRNAs differentially expressed in serofast status patients were further analyzed; these genes were found to be involved in various biological functions, such as T-cell receptor signaling pathways, metabolism, and growth. Our study presents the first systematic landscape of miRNAs in PBMCs from patients with serofast status and proposes specific miRNAs linked with serofast status that merit further investigation as potential biomarkers.

Conclusion

Our results provide further evidence that serofast status is closely related to host immune function. Additionally, the miRNA expression profile in PBMCs of patients with serofast status generated by this work offers insight into the complex immune network in humans. We hope our results can inspire the development of new treatment options for patients with serofast status.