bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Employees Motivation and Its Impact on Job Performance in the IT Sector
Authors:   School of Management Galgotias University, Tripathi Anshika
Published: May 2024

This project is done on “An Analysis of Employee’s Motivation and Its Impact on Job Performance in the IT Sector” in the area of Human Resource Management. The motivation of professionals is not based solely on good monetary remuneration. Nowadays, every experienced IT professional is interested first and foremost in a healthy work environment in a company and then on the pay level. The employer's assessment takes into account the level of stress, work-life balance, career development prerequisites, as well as the offered social benefits. Anything that helps the creative workflow because IT professionals, are creators in the field who work and need special conditions to grow their potential and deliver good results. The key aim of the project is to analyse about various factors such as salary, increments, promotion, recognition etc. leading to motivation of employees and to assess their relationship between the motivation and performance. The descriptive research has been conducted with a convenient sampling of 50 respondents.
Transforming Operations: A Comprehensive Analysis of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Operations Management
Authors:   SCHOOL OF BUSINESS GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY, KUMAR PRASHANT
Published: May 2024

In the introductory part of this paper, we provide a brief overview of the research subject matter, research topic, research problem, thesis topic, research questions, and disposition of this paper. Background Industry 4.0 brings about a major transformation in automotive manufacturing. It is characterized by the use of advanced information analytics, networked machines, and digitalization within organizations. In addition, it is characterized by the integration of internet technologies with forward-looking technologies in the domain of "smart" objects. However, there is no single definition of the term "industry 4.0" in the literature, which restricts theory building and the comparability of research. However, Lasi (2014) argues that industry 4-0 is a "new paradigm shift" in industrial production because of the advanced digitalisation within factories. A paradigm shift is a significant change that occurs when the normal way of thinking or doing something changes to something new and different. In industry 4-0, emerging technologies integrate with each other to bring about a change in manufacturing processes.
AN ANALYSIS OF EXIM STEEL TRADE IN INDIA
Authors:   SCHOOL OF BUSINESS   GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY, ABHAS KUMAR
Published: May 2024

Metals have long been a driving force behind industrialisation. Steel has always held a leading position among metals. Steel production and consumption are commonly viewed as markers of economic success as a raw material and intermediate product. As a result, it is not an exaggeration to claim that the steel sector has always been at the forefront of industrial progress and is the foundation of any economy. The steel industry is the pulse of an economy, indicating the general direction of the economy. The industry primarily assesses a country's or regions economic success. This is due to its widespread application in a variety of end-user industries, notably infrastructure, which is a major steel consumer.
CRYPTOCURRENCY “THE PERFECT ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION TO HIGH-RISK/HIGH-RETURN INVESTMENTS”
Authors: Kaur Balpreet
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the number of financial institutions incorporating cryptocurrencies into their investment portfolios. Cryptocurrencies represent a groundbreaking addition to asset managers' repertoire, being the first purely digital assets to be embraced in this manner. While they share some similarities with traditional assets, cryptocurrencies possess unique characteristics that set them apart, making their behavior as an asset class a subject of ongoing exploration. Given the evolving nature of cryptocurrency trading, it is crucial to consolidate existing research findings on the subject. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cryptocurrency trading research by synthesizing insights from 146 research papers. Topics covered include cryptocurrency trading systems, market bubbles, volatility and return predictions, portfolio construction, technical trading strategies, and more. Through an analysis of datasets, research trends, and distribution among research topics and technologies, this paper sheds light on the current landscape of cryptocurrency trading research. It also identifies promising opportunities for further exploration in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field.
Study on Supply chain and Logistics in India’s E-Commerce Retail
Authors:   SCHOOL OF BUSINESS GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY, KUMAR ABHIJEET
Published: May 2024

India is witnessing a seismic shift in its approach towards e-commerce retail logistics, marked by a burgeoning interest and curiosity. The realm of e-commerce retail is burgeoning at an unprecedented rate, fueled by a myriad of supply and demand catalysts. Factors such as the ubiquitous presence of the internet and smartphones, the swelling number of urban households, seamless payment options, and tantalizing promotional offers synergize with the convenience, accessibility, and assortment afforded by online shopping, propelling market growth. In this dynamic landscape, e-commerce retailers are incessantly innovating, leveraging novel business paradigms and cutting-edge technology to stay ahead. Embracing customer-centric policies, expeditious deliveries, and hassle-free return mechanisms, these companies entice customers towards online platforms. Novel concepts like exclusive app-only sales, invite-only discounts, and cash-back schemes, coupled with special online events, further galvanize the online shopping experience. The symbiotic relationship between retail e-commerce and the logistics sector is reshaping the industrial panorama, fostering significant investments and value creation. This metamorphosis has birthed a new breed of logistics operators, attuned to the evolving needs of the e-commerce realm. Recognizing logistics as a linchpin for customer satisfaction and market reach, e-commerce giants are investing heavily in fortifying their logistical infrastructure and capabilities. The logistical landscape is evolving at breakneck speed, with an emphasis on elevated service standards, deeper penetration into tier-II and tier-III cities, robust Cash on Delivery services, expansive geographic coverage, and fortified supply chain security measures. This paradigm shift underscores the imperative for adaptability and agility in catering to the ever-changing exigencies of the e-commerce ecosystem.
How H R Practices can be optimized for effective management of remote and virtual team in IT industry
Authors:   Department of School of business         Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India, VASHISTH SONIKA
Published: May 2024

exploring ways to enhance HR practices for the efficient administration of IT sector remote and virtual teams Analysing methods for efficient virtual team management, HR optimised the rise of remote work. Topics covered include technology developments, globalisation, shifting labour demographics, pandemics, and corporate cost savings as drivers of remote work's ascent. Issues with communication, trust-building, time zone differences, accountability, and productivity are some of the difficulties discussed in the article as they pertain to virtual team management and remote work. Future trends in remote work, including hybrid work models, the gig economy, and artificial intelligence, are also covered in the article. It also discusses methods for managing virtual teams effectively, ways to collaborate, and case studies of successful remote work implementation. In light of the fact that remote work is constantly changing the way organisations function, manage teams, and collaborate, the conclusion stresses the need of constant adaptation and learning. Key Words Remote IT team management: HR practices, challenges, strategies, future trends
ANALYZING TRENDS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INDIAN STOCK MARKET”
Authors:   Galgotias University
Published: May 2024

The Indian stock market is a dynamic and complex system influenced by various factors including economic indicators, geopolitical events, government policies, investor sentiment, and global market trends. This thesis aims to analyze the trends and factors that significantly impact the Indian stock market. Through a comprehensive review of literature, statistical analysis, and case studies, this research will provide valuable insights into understanding the dynamics of the Indian stock market and its drivers. The findings of this study will contribute to enhancing the understanding of investors, policymakers, and financial analysts in navigating the Indian stock market. This thesis delves into the dynamic landscape of the Indian stock market, aiming to provide a comprehensive analysis of its trends and the factors that influence its behavior. Through a blend of quantitative analysis and qualitative research, the study investigates various economic, political, and global factors impacting the Indian stock market's performance. Additionally, it examines the role of technological advancements and regulatory frameworks in shaping market dynamics. By analyzing historical data and employing statistical models, this research aims to offer insights into market volatility, investor sentiment, and long-term trends, contributing to a deeper understanding of the Indian stock market's intricacies. This thesis focuses on studying the ever-changing nature of the Indian stock market with the goal of offering a thorough examination of its patterns and the elements that drive its movements. It employs both quantitative methods, such as statistical analysis, and qualitative research techniques to explore a range of economic, political, and global factors that influence how the Indian stock market behaves. The research also investigates how technological advancements and regulatory policies play a part in shaping the dynamics of the market. By analyzing historical data and employing statistical models, the study seeks to provide insights into aspects like market volatility, investor sentiment, and long-term trends. Overall, the aim of this research is to enhance understanding of the Indian stock market by shedding light on its complexities, which can be valuable for investors, policymakers, and anyone interested in the dynamics of financial markets.
The Impact of User-Generated Content on Brand Perception: A Case Study of Social Media Platforms
Authors:   GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY, Kumar Basant
Published: May 2024

In the digital era dominated by social media, understanding the impact of User-Generated Content (UGC) on brand perception is indispensable for businesses. This study explores the nuanced dynamics of UGC, focusing on its positive impacts such as authenticity, increased brand awareness, and improved brand image. It also addresses challenges, including negative UGC and the need for quality control. The research methodology employs a case study approach, examining a specific brand's engagement with UGC on social media platforms through content analysis and social listening. The case study reveals that UGC enhances memory, trust, and social influence, leading to increased engagement and conversion. The authenticity of UGC fosters stronger brand connections, aligning with shifting consumer preferences towards more genuine content. The findings underscore the significance of UGC in shaping consumer behavior and influencing purchasing decisions, urging businesses to embrace UGC strategies for building trust, connecting authentically, and driving sales. The findings underscore the significance of UGC in shaping consumer behavior and influencing purchasing decisions. The study highlights the importance for businesses to embrace UGC strategies for building trust, connecting authentically with their audience, and ultimately driving sales in today's digital landscape. By leveraging the power of UGC, businesses can enhance their brand perception, engage with their audience more effectively, and achieve their marketing objectives in an increasingly competitive marketplace. Keywords: User-generated content (UGC), Brand Perception, Social Media Engagement, Consumer Behavior, Trust, Authenticity, Brand Loyalty, Marketing Strategy, Social Influence, Customer Engagement, Content Analysis, Social Listening, Brand Awareness, Conversion Rate, Community Building, Reputation Management, Influencer Marketing, Content Moderation, Brand Identity, Consumer Sentiment.
Optimizing Supply Chain Resilience in the Era of Global Disruptions: A Comprehensive Framework for Effective Risk Management
Authors:   Galgotias University, Yadav Piyush
Published: May 2024

In the contemporary global business environment, characterized by increasing interconnectivity and frequent disruptions, supply chain resilience has become paramount for organizational success. This thesis introduces a comprehensive framework aimed at optimizing supply chain resilience amidst such challenges. Drawing from extensive literature, theoretical models, and empirical research, the framework emphasizes proactive risk identification, robust mitigation strategies, and agile response mechanisms. It stresses collaboration, information sharing, and alignment among supply chain partners, leveraging technology for enhanced visibility and adaptability. Additionally, the framework underscores the significance of organizational culture, leadership, and employee empowerment in fostering resilience. Through empirical validation and case studies, practical insights are provided, addressing challenges like resource allocation and sustainability integration. Moreover, the thesis explores emerging trends such as climate change impacts and technological advancements, guiding organizations towards future-proofing their supply chains.
Stress Detection in IT Employees using Machine Learning
Authors:   Computer Science and Engineering, Raghu Engineering College., Kalyan Naralasetti Prudhvi
Published: May 2024

In today's fast-paced technology landscape, stress management is becoming increasingly important, especially among IT professionals. The work environment in the IT industry is often characterized by long hours, tight deadlines, and high expectations, which can lead to elevated stress levels. Unchecked stress not only impacts the health and well-being of professionals but also affects productivity and job satisfaction. This study aims to predict the stress levels of IT professionals using machine learning techniques, thereby aiding in proactive stress management. We utilize a range of features indicative of work stress, including Heart Rate, Skin Conductivity, Hours Worked, Number of Emails Sent, and Meetings Attended. These features provide a comprehensive view of both the physiological and work-related factors that contribute to stress. The application of machine learning in this context serves as an innovative approach to an increasingly pertinent issue. By leveraging the power of data analytics, this model aims to provide actionable insights for both individuals and organizations. Individuals can use these predictions for self-monitoring and early intervention, while organizations can utilize them to identify high-stress environments or roles, thereby allocating resources or interventions more effectively. Our preliminary results indicate a strong correlation between the chosen features and stress levels, demonstrating the viability of using machine learning for stress prediction in IT professionals. This study stands as a crucial step towards a more data-driven approach to mental health and well-being in the workplace Key Words: Random Forest , AdaBoost Classifier, Extra Tree Classifier, Decision Tree, Stacking etc.
Social Media Marketing Tricks and Measuring Impact
Authors:   GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY, RAJA AMIR
Published: May 2024

Increasing media clutter and changing media habits makes it important to continuously study the advertising effectiveness of each medium. The objective of this study is to analyse and compare the impact of various media ie Television (TV), Radio, Print and Internet on Advertising Effectiveness in terms of its objectives like cognition, affection and conation and also to understand if media context (editorial environment or program context) has any impact on advertising effectiveness. The use of the Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI), is now widespread, and usually considered while evaluating media impact on Advertising Effectiveness. Two types of responses are gathered for this study, namely responses from general respondents and those from the corporate respondents. The corporate responses are mainly gathered from respondents working as senior managers in companies of FMCG products, Durable products and financial services. A simple random sampling technique was used in this study. Sample size was 1000 respondents. Also 50 Senior Managers were surveyed from various companies Standard deviation for every variable is calculated in pilot study data of 115 respondents. Percentages are used for comparison. Further Arithmetic mean is used to consolidate the numeric information in to a single number. Mean scores of variables are obtained using responses given to sub questions of corresponding variables. Standard deviation is used to understand variation in responses given by respondents. Friedman Test is used for non-parametric data as well. Paired t-tests is applied to compare same variable Under two groups. The study revealed that significant difference in effectiveness according to media types whilst there is no significant difference in Media context. Also, there is difference in effectiveness media type and also in Cognitive, Affective and Conative responses according product category (FMCG, Durable, and Financial services). For purchase decision, social media found to be effective. Impact of advertising on revenue of company and significant difference in revenue according to media type was confirmed.
คุณลักษณะของกรรมการบริษัทและความเสี่ยงในการบริหารองค์กร: หลักฐานจากประเทศไทย
Authors: รัตนพันธุ์ วริษฐ์ , กาวีวงศ์ นิยตา , Diskulnetivitya Pitima
Published: May 2024

การศึกษาครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลกระทบของคุณลักษณะของกรรมการบริษัทซึ่งประกอบด้วยเพศ อายุ ระดับการศึกษา ระยะเวลาในการดำรงตำแหน่ง และจำนวนคณะกรรมการ ต่อความเสี่ยงในการบริหารองค์กร กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ บริษัทจดทะเบียนในตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย (SET) จำนวน 596 บริษัท โดยเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลคุณลักษณะของคณะกรรมการของบริษัทปี 2564 การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลแบบการประมาณค่าพารามิเตอร์ด้วยวิธีกำลังสองน้อยที่สุด (Ordinary Least Squares) พบว่า ตัวแปรอิสระ ได้แก่ การมีกรรมการบริหารเพศผู้หญิงอยู่ในคณะกรรมการ และจำนวนคณะกรรมการบริหาร มีความสัมพันธ์เชิงลบกับความเสี่ยงในการบริหารอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05  ในขณะที่ระดับการศึกษาของกรรมการที่ต่ำกว่าปริญญาตรีมีความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกกับความเสี่ยงในการบริหารองค์กร แสดงให้เห็นว่าบริษัทที่มีคณะกรรมการที่มีเพศหญิง และมีจำนวนคณะกรรมการบริหารมากจะเลือกใช้นโยบายที่มีความเสี่ยงต่ำในการบริหารงาน แต่การมีกรรมการบริหารที่มีระดับการศึกษาต่ำกว่าปริญญาตรี มีแนวโน้มทำให้ความเสี่ยงของกิจการสูงขึ้น ส่วนตัวแปรควบคุม ได้แก่ มูลค่าตามบัญชีของสินทรัพย์รวม และอัตราผลตอบแทนต่อสินทรัพย์รวมในปีก่อน มีความสัมพันธ์เชิงลบกับความเสี่ยงในการบริหารองค์กร ส่วนอัตราส่วนหนี้สินรวมต่อสินทรัพย์รวมมีความสัมพันธ์ในทิศทางเดียวกันกับความเสี่ยงในการบริหารองค์กรอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.01
ความสัมพันธ์เชิงสาเหตุของการพัฒนาทรัพยากรมนุษย์ ความได้เปรียบทาง การแข่งขัน และความสำเร็จของธุรกิจขนาดกลางและขนาดย่อม (SMEs) ในประเทศไทย
Authors: คำไล้ อภิรดี , เอกพันธ์ มงคล
Published: May 2024

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาผลกระทบของการพัฒนาทรัพยากรมนุษย์และความได้เปรียบทางการแข่งขันที่มีต่อความสำเร็จของธุรกิจขนาดกลางและขนาดย่อมในประเทศไทย 2) ศึกษาความได้เปรียบทางการแข่งขันในฐานะตัวแปรคั่นกลางความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการพัฒนาทรัพยากรมนุษย์และความสำเร็จของธุรกิจขนาดกลางและขนาดย่อมในประเทศไทย 3) ตรวจสอบ  ความสอดคล้องกลมกลืนของโมเดลกับข้อมูลเชิงประจักษ์ กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ ธุรกิจขนาดกลางและขนาดย่อมในประเทศไทย จำนวน 165 ราย โดยวิธีการสุ่มแบบแบ่งชั้นภูมิ เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัยคือ แบบสอบถาม สถิติที่ใช้การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลได้แก่ ค่าความถี่ ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่าความเบ้ ค่าความโด่ง ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์ และการวิเคราะห์เส้นทางอิทธิพลเพื่อหาความสัมพันธ์เชิงสาเหตุด้วยตัวแบบโมเดลสมการโครงสร้าง
ผลการวิจัย พบว่า แบบจำลองที่พัฒนาขึ้นมีความสอดคล้องกับข้อมูลเชิงประจักษ์ โดยมีค่าสถิติ x2/df=1.258, p-value=0.104, GFI=0.944, CFI=0.987, NFI=0.942, IFI=0.988, AGFI=0.912,  RMSEA=0.04 นอกจากนี้ พบว่า การพัฒนาทรัพยากรมนุษย์และความได้เปรียบทางการแข่งขันส่งผลทางบวกต่อความสำเร็จของธุรกิจ และการพัฒนาทรัพยากรมนุษย์ส่งผลทางบวกต่อความได้เปรียบในการแข่งขัน และพบว่าความได้เปรียบทางการแข่งขันเป็นตัวแปรคั่นกลางในความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการพัฒนาทรัพยากรมนุษย์และความสำเร็จของธุรกิจขนาดกลางและขนาดย่อมในประเทศไทย
ปัจจัยแห่งความสำเร็จเพื่อส่งเสริมการเติบโตของรายได้ของธุรกิจการท่องเที่ยวฝั่งอันดามันของประเทศไทยท่ามกลางสถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของโควิด-19
Authors: เถาธรรมพิทักษ์ วิภาดา , วงศ์สุวัฒน์ สิปปวิชญ์
Published: May 2024

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาปัจจัยแห่งความสำเร็จในการดำเนินธุรกิจที่ส่งผลต่อการเติบโตของรายได้ของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจการท่องเที่ยวฝั่งอันดามันของประเทศไทย และ 2) ตรวจสอบอิทธิพลของปัจจัยแห่งความสำเร็จในการดำเนินธุรกิจที่ส่งผลการเติบโตของรายได้ของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจการท่องเที่ยว ใช้การวิจัยเชิงปริมาณโดยเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลจากกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่เป็นผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจการท่องเที่ยวในเขตพื้นที่ฝั่งอันดามัน จำนวน 419 คน ด้วยแบบสอบถาม วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยการวิเคราะห์สถิติเชิงพรรณนา ได้แก่ ความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยกำลังสองน้อยที่สุด ผลการวิจัย พบว่า ผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจการท่องเที่ยวมีการนำปัจจัยแห่งความสำเร็จในด้านคู่ค้าทางธุรกิจ คุณภาพการบริการ และมาตรฐานสุขอนามัย ไปใช้ในการดำเนินธุรกิจอยู่ในระดับมาก นอกจากนี้ ผลการวิจัยจากการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยกำลังสองน้อยที่สุดแสดงถึงปัจจัยแห่งความสำเร็จบางด้านมีอิทธิพลต่อการเติบโตของรายได้ของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจการท่องเที่ยวอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติทั้งในภาพรวมและจำแนกตามเขตพื้นที่เมืองหลักและเมืองรอง โดยในส่วนของข้อเสนอแนะ ควรให้ความสำคัญกับการนำปัจจัยแห่งความสำเร็จไปใช้ในการดำเนินธุรกิจอย่างเหมาะสม เนื่องจากผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจการท่องเที่ยวจะมีวิธีการและรูปแบบในการรับมือกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงและภัยพิบัติที่อาจจะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคตและยังส่งผลต่อการเติบโตของรายได้สำหรับธุรกิจการท่องเที่ยวอีกด้วย
The Influence Of Motivation And Work Skills On Work Productivity Of Yakes Telkom Makassar Employees
Authors: Nurfasila Nurfasila , Muh Nur R  , Andi Risfan Rizaldi
Published: May 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of motivation and work skills on the work productivity of Yakes Telkom Makassar employees. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach and data collection techniques through questionnaires. This research uses a non-probability sample, namely a saturated sample, where the entire population is sampled, namely 32 respondents at Yakes Telkom Makassar. The analysis technique used in this research is an interactive model with respondents, where the interpreted data is then regulated using data analysis techniques with SPSS version 25. The results of this research show that the Motivation variable (X1) has a significant influence on employee work productivity (Y). work skills (X2) do not have a significant influence on employee work productivity (Y).
Exploring the Impact of Anosmia on Daily Living: An Examination of Residents in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Elfallah Balgeis Ali
Published: May 2024

The main objective of this study was to investigate how patients with anosmia cope with their daily lives in the second-largest city in Libya, Benghazi. Three dimensions are used to examine: (1) quality of life (QOL); (2) personal safety; and (3) social life. The data of the 34 patients was collected by distributing a questionnaire in two medical centres in Benghazi, Libya. After conducting the One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and the Kruskal-Wallis test, the results demonstrate that the anosmia has no statistically significant effect on the QOL or personal safety. The results of social life, on the other hand, found that anosmia has no serious negative impact on patients’ social lives. Furthermore, the results reveal that there are no statistically significant differences in questionnaire replies between patients with different ages, durations of anosmia, and genders, except that it found a statistically significant difference between patients with different anosmia durations and the QOL.
Doeltreffendheid van de wezenuitkering
Authors: Engelen Mirjam
Published: May 2024

Doeltreffendheid van de wezenuitkering

In de rubriek Beleidsonderzoek Benut besteden we dit keer aandacht aan het onderzoek naar de doeltreffendheid en doelmatigheid van de wezenuitkering.
The Defendant as the Reluctant Player in the Adversarial Setting of Medical Dispute Committees
Authors: Dijkstra Rachel I. , Elbers Nieke A. , Pemberton Antony , Friele Roland D.
Published: May 2024

The Defendant as the Reluctant Player in the Adversarial Setting of Medical Disputes Committees

Medical dispute committees in the Netherlands were formalised in 2017. They offer hybrid procedures, combining complaints handling with the processing of a potential claim in cases where a complaint could not be resolved at the health care organisation. Recent scholarship has shown the experiences of complainants (patients and families) with dispute committees, but research regarding the roles and experiences of the defendants (usually representatives of health care organisations) is lacking. This research aims to understand how defendants understand and fulfil their professional roles and how this could impact the dispute committee proceedings. This research features an inductive, thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with defendants at medical dispute committees. Researchers conducted interviews with eighteen defendants at dispute committees. Defendants were generally managers and legal counsel at health care organisations. The main results include defendants who preferred problem-solving and who wanted to avoid conflict. Defendants did not have a strong adversarial mindset, but they did highlight their commitment to defend the health care professional and institution. Some respondents felt forced into a defensive position, which they reluctantly fulfilled. Our main conclusion is that dispute committee proceedings can demand defendants to take on an adversarial role, despite the best intentions of the legislator to create a less legal procedure and a problem-solving mindset among the defendants. The expectations of defendants and patients might connect better to a problem-solving, healing role of defendants and a less formal set-up.
Short-term Transformative Impacts of a Service-learning Study Abroad
Program
Authors: Cully Garbers Caroline , Pracht Dale W. , Roberts T. Grady
Published: May 2024

Universities are increasingly working to better prepare
students for success in the workforce and increasingly advocating high-impact learning
experiences. This case study explores the short-term impacts on students who
participated in a short-term service-learning study abroad program in Ireland through a
lens of Transformative Learning Theory. Data collection consisted of (a) a
pre-participation interview, (b) a follow-up interview, and (c) participant observation.
We found evidence of all four tenets of Mezirow’s Transformative Learning Theory: (a)
refining meaning schema, (b) learning new schema, (c) transforming schemes, and (d)
transforming perspectives. Emergent subthemes related to service-learning or personal
growth were discovered within each of these tenets. We concluded that while this program
was not intentionally designed with Transformative Learning Theory as a means to deliver
an educational curriculum, there are transformational learning aspects inherent to study
abroad as well as service-learning. Based on this study, we offer recommendations for
best practices for facilitating service-learning study abroad programs and for future
research.
Digital Games in Language Learning: Case Studies and Applications (Book review)
Authors:   China University of Geosciences, Li Fei
Published: May 2024

Language teachers have long used games to provide opportunities to practice using language and receive immediate feedback in an engaging, interactive setting. With more and more learners having access to computers, mobile devices, and the internet, teachers may also leverage digital games to expand learners’ opportunities for virtual exchanges beyond the classroom (Clark et al., 2016). However, existing research on using digital games for foreign language learning is somewhat limited, which highlights the necessity for a more comprehensive and detailed investigation in this field. To address such limitations in scope, Digital Games in Language Learning: Case Studies and Applications, edited by Mark Peterson and Nasser Jabbari, provides an extensive overview of the use of digital games for second language development. This book takes a fresh approach to digital game-based language learning by moving beyond the traditional concentration on pedagogy (e.g., Becker, 2017) to illustrate how digital games can significantly boost learning outcomes. It presents a collection of engaging case studies that explore critical issues in the field, such as the need for a learning theory specifically for game design and the challenge of measuring language development beyond vocabulary. [First paragraph of review]
Levels of Cytokines In SARS-Cov-2 Infected Patients
Authors: Shafique Almina , Roman Muhammad , Shahzad Faheem , Tahir Romeeza , Javaid Khursheed , Bilal Sarwar Muhammad , Asif Naveed Muhammad , Zahid Maria , Aftab Seema , Jahan Shah
Published: May 2024

Cytokine dysregulation is the proposed mechanism for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, IL-1β, interferons (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The study was conducted in 120 adult patients with COVID‐19 and compared with 40 age and gender-matched healthy subjects as controls. The age range in both groups was 18–70 years. The patients were classified into the mild/moderate group (60 patients) and the severe group (60 patients). Serum samples were collected from all participants and tested for cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Serum cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 patients, which indicate the host's immune responses against the coronavirus inflammation, seem different from what has been observed with other viral pathogens. The difference in the serum levels of IL-2, TNF-α, INF-α, INF-β, and IL-10 between the two groups was insignificant. However, higher levels of IL-2, TNF-α, and INF-β are reported in mild COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals and severe COVID-19 patients. Varying levels of cytokines were detected in the COVID-19 group than in the control group, suggesting distinct immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Welcome to Precision Medicine Communications!
Authors: Ahmed Sagheer
Published: May 2024

Welcome to the inaugural issue of Precision Medicine Communications -a biannual, open access, and peer-reviewed journal aiming to publish high-quality research articles in the field of precision medicine. Precision Medicine Communications accept studies that conduct basic and translational research to investigate the role of genetics and gene-environment interactions that influence human health disorders. The Journal publishes research in all areas of precision medicine. Precision Medicine Communications especially invites studies that are innovative in genomic medicine and add scientific insights that can be translated into improved patient care.
It especially considers studies investigating the effects of genetic variability on drug toxicity and efficacy, identification and functional characterization of polymorphisms relevant to the pharmacological action and adverse effects of a drug, integration of new developments in the genome project and proteomics into clinical medicine, pharmacology, and therapeutics, clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics, identification of novel genomic targets for drug development, the economics of genome-guided interventions, clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenomics in developing countries, companion diagnostics and drug development.
The journal provides an integrated forum for all players involved - academic and clinical researchers, pharmaceutical companies, regulatory authorities, healthcare management organizations, patient organizations, and others in the healthcare community. Precision Medicine Communications assists these parties to shape the future of medicine by providing a platform for expert commentary and analysis. 
In the last two decades, rapid advances in technology have enabled researchers to investigate arcane biological phenomena and ask deeper questions at the cellular, molecular and atomic levels. Several cellular processes involved in health and disease are being unraveled at a rapid pace, high resolution, and with unprecedented details. Authors carrying out investigations leveraging these technologies such as next genome sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9, digital medicine, 3-D printing, bioinformatics, and stem cell technologies, are encouraged to submit their findings to Precision Medicine Communications.
An important objective of this journal is to provide a platform to the scientific fraternity, especially to the regional and national academics, where they could get their studies published after a rapid, transparent, and high-quality peer review. All the articles published in Precision Medicine Communications will be freely available to readers immediately after their publication. The open-access policy of our journal is likely to increase the readership of articles and will enhance their visibility and citation potential. Therefore, I invite you to submit your work to Precision Medicine Communications.
Hepatic Adverse Effects and Genetic Polymorphisms of NAT2 and CYP2C9
Authors: Editorial Staff
Published: May 2024

Cotrimoxazole also known as sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) is a well-established antibiotic combination in clinical medicine. Post metabolism by N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), SMX is bio-transformed into non-toxic and/or toxic intermediates. The pharmacogenetic associations between the variants of these genes and liver injury caused by SMX-TMP are still a mystery. Huang and colleagues studied the Han Chinese diabetes patients living in Taiwan and investigated their susceptibility to SMX-TMP induced Liver injury (SILI) and polymorphisms in the genes of both NAT and CYP2C9 enzymes. There were 145 controls and 158 SILI patients recruited for this investigation. CYP2C9 rs1799853, rs1057910, and rs4918758, NAT2 rs1495741, rs1041983, rs1801280, and other major genetic variants of these enzymes were assayed. NAT2 rs1495741 variant AA genotype and rs1041983 variant TT were present at a higher frequency in the SILI group as compared to the control group. Slow acetylators were greater in the SILI as compared to the control (43.7 vs. 25.5%; P = 0.001). CYP2C9 variants, interestingly, did not show any significant difference between the control and SILI cohorts. Individuals that were NAT2 slow acetylators were at a greater risk of SILI, post adjustment of confounding factors, particularly those that had mixed type and hepatocellular SILI. Their study concluded that CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms are not associated with SILI susceptibility whereas NAT2 slow acetylators are at an increased risk of SILI in the Han Chinese population. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2021 Dec 1;31(9):200-206.
Pharmacogenetics of Fluoxetine; A Review of the Genetic Effects on Its Efficacy and Adverse Effects During Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Khan Inzemam , Salman Saad , Ashhad Halimi Sayyed Muhammad , Khan Imran , Ud Din Kamran
Published: May 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading psychiatric disorders which emerge as an important public issue. It drastically affects one's quality of life and causes a substantial decline in social and occupational functioning. Factors like environmental, social, and genetics are thought to be involved in the etiology of MDD. Different treatment options are available for the treatment of MDD. Treatment options include both pharmacological and psychological. Among different pharmacological options, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are most commonly prescribed. Fluoxetine was the first SSRI to be approved in the USA for MDD, and since then it has created a good impact in treating MDD.  Fluoxetine is considered effective without producing many of the adverse effects caused by other antidepressants. Despite the fact that fluoxetine is still associated with many side effects many clinicians still prescribe it with the hope of additional antidepressant efficacy compare to other antidepressants. This review focuses on the epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, neurobiology, and treatment options of MDD with special emphasis on the role of fluoxetine. Genetic variants linked with the clinical efficacy and side effects of fluoxetine are reviewed and those with the potential to act as a clinical predictor of therapeutic response and/or side effects are discussed. Recommendations are made for use of some of these genetic variants in clinical medicine.
Treprostinil Dose in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and the Role of Two Polymorphic Genetic Loci
Authors: Editorial Staff
Published: May 2024

Although with different dosing requirements and varied clinical responses, prostacyclin as an infusion, still is an effective treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Thomeas-McEwing and colleagues described novel biological markers that can aid in predicting the heterogenicity in response to prostacyclin treatment. They recruited 98 patients from two academic medical centers with hemodynamically defined PAH. Their findings suggest the involvement of two main loci, rs11078738 in phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (PFAS) gene and rs10023113 SNPs in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta (CAMK2D) gene.  Cyclic AMP production, which serves as the primary mediator of vasodilation stimulated by prostacyclin was inhibited by the missense variant rs11078738 (p.L621P) in cell lines. A higher treprostinil dose along with enhanced ventricular transcription of CAMK2D demonstrated an association with of rs10023113 variant. Increased right mean atrial and ventricular diastolic pressures showed an association with the same allele as mentioned above during the initial diagnostic catheterization in a separate cohort of patients. The authors argue in their manuscript that these two gene loci exhibit an association with pharmacodynamic response and right ventricular function in PAH to the treprostinil dose. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2022 Jun 1;32(4):144-151
Prediction of PEGylated INF-α Treatment Response in Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: May 2024

Genetic polymorphisms can influence the response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The variability in treatment response is multifactorial, and genetic factors play a role in how individuals metabolize and respond to antiviral medications. Wang and colleagues investigated the genetic association of the IL-6 rs1800796 polymorphism with PEGylated IFN-α (PegIFN-α) treatment response in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive CHB patients. After sequencing the patients’ samples, they found that more patients with the combined response (n = 95) carried IL-6 rs1800796 GC genotypes, while CC genotype carriers possessed reduced HBeAg seroconversion rate and high values of hepatitis B virus DNA. They also found that PegIFN-α treatment response was also associated with the baseline HBsAg and HBeAg and IL-6 rs1800796 CC genotype. The authors concluded that PegIFN-α response may be predicted by detecting IL-6 rs1800796 genotype in CHB patients.  Per Med. 2023 Nov;20(6):503-510.  doi: 10.2217/pme-2023-0089.
Qihuzha Granule Attenuate Acute Spleen Injury in Mice
Authors: Editorial Staff
Published: May 2024

For children that suffer from indigestion and anorexia due to stomach and spleen deficiencies, a cocktail of 11 edible medicinal plants called Qihuzha granule (QHZG) is a patented Chinese medicine. Moreover, QHZG boasts therapeutic activity in children suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections. However, the mechanism of action at the molecular level remains elusive. Zhong and colleagues investigated the further potential therapeutic effects and elucidated the possible mechanism of action of QHZG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced spleen injury. Cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) IL-1β were drastically reduced as a result of the pretreatment with QHZG. Histological evaluation and immunofluorescence revealed protection to the spleen by QHZG in mice models with LPS-induced acute spleen injury. Src phosphorylation was also significantly inhibited by OHZG pretreatment. Phosphorylation of downstream signaling (P38JNK, ERK, STAT3) was also mitigated pointing toward the Src/MAPK/STAT3-dependent inhibitory effects of QHZG on spleen injury in mice. The authors argue that QHZG can serve as a potential new drug for treating LPS-induced acute spleen injury via inhibition of Src/MAPK, Stat3 signaling mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Dec 5;281:114458.
Search for Potential Calcium Channel Blockers From Medicinal Plants
Authors: Ullah Aman , Irfan Hafiz Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Hypertension is a global disease and its prevalence is estimated to be about one billion which is projected to increase to 1.54-1.58 billion by 2025. It is estimated that hypertensive patients account for about 31.1 % of the global adult population in 2010. Current treatment options include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) such as Captopril, and Enalapril which is first-line drugs for hypertensive patients that are under 55 years old, angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARA) such as candesartan and telmisartan that are used in patients who are intolerant to ACEIs,  β-blockers (metoprolol, esmolol, and atenolol) are not prescribed as first-line antihypertensives unless there are additional reasons, such as after a heart attack or atrial fibrillation, calcium channel blockers, like verapamil is the first-line therapy for primary hypertension in adults over 55 and black people of African or Caribbean ancestry, and aliskiren which is the only direct renin inhibitor prescribed to patients who are intolerant to other antihypertensives. However, despite a multitude of treatment options available, many patients are still unable to control hypertension. Adverse effects also preclude the use of existing antihypertensives in a significant fraction of the patient population. In the last few decades, there has been a revival in the interest in using medicinal plants as a treatment for hypertension. In this manuscript, we explored medicinal plants possessing promising calcium channel blocking activities. Several medicinal plants and phytocompounds are identified in this review that could be a good starting point for an effective and safe calcium channel blocker that may ultimately land in clinics.
Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Properties of Solanum Melongena
Authors: Jahanabadi Samane , Ahmad Bashir , Nikoui Vahid , Khan GulKhubaz , Khan Muhammad Imran
Published: May 2024

Solanum melongena (SM) or eggplant is a species of the nightshade family. In the traditional medicine system of the subcontinent, SM possesses excellent therapeutic effects on warts, burns, and many inflammatory diseases, such as stomatitis, arthritis, and gastritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of SM fruit. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied using carrageenan-induced edema in the hind paw of the rat while analgesic activity was studied by thermal and chemical induction of pain. Crude methanolic extract of the plant showed a potent analgesic effect. When used at doses of 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg, SM caused significant inhibition (P < 0.001) of the nociception induced by acetic acid. In the formalin test, the plant extract of SM (10, 20, and 50 mg/kg i.p.) significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) inhibited both phases of formalin-induced licking response in mice. In the hot plate assay SM (50 mg/kg i.p.) showed significant analgesic activity (P < 0.01, P < 0.001), similar to morphine. Furthermore, methanolic extract of SM (10–50 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the paw edema in the third hour after carrageenan administration, with maximum inhibition being 75% at 50 mg/kg. We concluded that the crude methanolic extract of SM possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties which rationalize its traditional use in treating inflammatory conditions.
Exploring Nature's Invigorating Power: Phytotherapy for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bashir Fawad , Komal Areej , Ibrahim Ahsan , Ain Qura Tul , Rehman Bisma , Zaheer Tahreem
Published: May 2024

Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that spreads by person-to-person contact. The virus is thought to have a zoonotic origin. It mainly affects the respiratory system, resulting in fever, cough, shortness of breath, headaches, diarrhea, throat infections, and myalgia. It takes over the host's cell via the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors (ACE2). Despite the development of multiple vaccinations via diverse techniques, there is no scientifically significant therapy to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, research into current therapeutic strategies' potential safety and effectiveness is in progress.  This review briefly discusses the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, its pathophysiology, and the challenges of current treatment for SARS-CoV-2. The significance the medicinal plants and their extracts are discussed at length. Available literature suggests that aloe vera, senna, black cumin, and fenugreek have the potential to be effective antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Many of these plants also have immunomodulatory, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, anti-tussive, and antiviral effects. Bioactive compounds such as quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, baicalin, andrographis, glycyrrhizin, and resveratrol have also been shown to relieve Covid-19 symptoms. We suggest that these medicinal plants may serve as a source of phytocompounds with safer and more potent antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and should be investigated further in detail.