bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic fatigue testing of AISI 304 and 316 stainless steels under environmental and immersion conditions
Authors: Torres Duarte Luis M. , Domínguez Almaraz Gonzalo Mariano , Venegas Montaño Hipólito M.
Published: February 2024

Ultrasonic fatigue tests were carried out on stainless steel AISI 316 and 304, under two modalities: at room temperature and in immersion (water for 316 and antifreeze for 304 steels); all tests were carried out with a loading ratio R=-1. The results obtained in the tests at room temperature (without immersion), for both materials exhibited a significant increase in temperature, leaving heat marks on the narrow section of the specimens. This phenomenon occurred due to the low coefficient of thermal conductivity of these stainless steels (16.2 W/ (m °K)), and the recorded temperatures were around 200 °C, generating instantaneous failure of material. Analyzes of fracture surfaces on specimens tested at room temperature reveal that crack initiation was related to the high temperature, causing alteration at the granular scale of the material, followed by a typical behavior crack propagation and failure. For specimens tested under immersion conditions, it was possible to reduce the temperature below 100 °C, which solved the problem of failure due to thermal effect. The results for 316 stainless steel immersed in water showed a fatigue life of 1.188×1010 cycles at188 MPa of stress loading in the specimen; while specimens subjected to 263 MPa stress showed a fatigue life of around 7×106 cycles, representing a significant reduction with an approximate factor of 1700. On the other hand, specimens of 304 stainless steel immersed in antifreeze with the lowest loading values of 169 MPa, showing an infinite ultrasonic fatigue life; while tests subjected to 263 MPa loading stress attains 3.62×106 cycles of ultrasonic fatigue life. The scanning electron microscopy visualizations for both cases of immersion tests showed that the initiation and propagation of the crack occurred on the surface of the specimens, exhibiting the typical mechanical fracture behavior without any apparent thermal influence.
Research on Monocular Vision Target Detection and Localization Under Non-Orthographic Conditions
Authors: Wu Yahua , Chen Yuqing , Yu Wei
Published: February 2024

Aiming at the target localization problem in monocular vision, this paper proposes a nonlinear target localization method under non-orthoptic conditions. First, an image is captured using a monocular camera and a network framework based on YOLOv7 is constructed to detect the target in the image. Then, based on the principle of aperture imaging, the imaging models of orthophoto and non-orthophoto are established, and the nonlinear relationship between pixel coordinates and world coordinates in the image is deduced, so as to calculate the relative position coordinates of the target. In order to verify the validity of this nonlinear imaging model, we choose different shapes and numbers of ship targets for verification. The experimental results show that the target localization accuracy of monocular vision can reach more than 90% under non-orthoptic conditions.
Driving Behavior Correlation Analysis Method Based on Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Sun Tianjun , Hu Hongyu , Wu Junjie , Yang Zhengcai
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interactions between driver manipulation behaviors. Firstly, representative samples from driving behavior dataset were screened. Secondly, four characteristic indicators were constructed. Thirdly, the Apriori algorithm was established for correlation analysis on these four driving behaviors in order to obtain the influence relationship between different driving behaviors. Therefore, the correlation between different undesirable driving behaviors and reveals the intrinsic law of driver manipulation behavior were illustrated, which provided great significance for improving the warning effect and intervention efficiency of automotive active safety systems.
Drug Use Disorder and Coping Mechanisms Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Measures: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Al Awaidy Salah , Al Abri Mahmood Z. , Langrial Sitwat Usman , Al Adawi Samir , Al Hasani Iman , Wesonga Ronald
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented substance abuse disorder patients with numerous obstacles. There is a scarcity of data on drug use disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Arab nations. This study aimed to identify behavioural changes and factors associated with the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic measures among people with substance use disorders in Oman. METHODS: Survey data on demographic and behavioural factors from a sample of 61 persons with substance use disorder who were admitted to a specialised hospital were studied. Changes in behaviour related to substance use due to the COVID-19 pandemic measures were investigated using potential demographic and modifiable factors. For the specific study evaluation, the variables studied included age, family size, marital status, employment status, suicidal thoughts, and ways of substance abuse, family responsibilities, hospitalisation tendency, and change of behaviour. RESULTS: On average, the participants were 31.5 (SD= 6.82, Range: 16-48) years old. The study findings show that the consumption of morphine as the main drug compared to others (OR = 0.03, p=0.003) resulted in a reduction in the odds of feeling increased effects of COVID-19 among individuals with substance use disorder. Furthermore, the increase in effects was significant among the participants who opted to be hospitalised to reduce drug use (OR=9.97, _p_=0.017) and those who took overdoses (OR=8.17, _p_=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that due to the measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with drug use disorders switched to different types of drugs, such as morphine, to reduce the effects of the measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, people with drug use disorders who took overdoses and those hospitalised were more associated with increased effects of COVID-19. The implication of the study findings is that outreach and community-based services should be made more accessible for people with drug use disorders, since this could relieve effects due to a pandemic, as was the case with COVID-19.
A Cointegrated Multi-Factor Semi-Log Regression Approach to Quarantine the Impact of Microfinance on Poverty Regionally
Authors: Hassan Munawar
Published: February 2024

This study aims to examine and segregate the impact of COVID-19, microfinance, and multiple macroeconomic variables on various poverty indicators in a single country at the macro level. Using a 35-year time series (1988-2022), the study applies unit root cointegration tests to address non-stationarity in the data. The semi-log regression method is employed to estimate poverty measures and disentangle the relative importance of different factors. The main research questions are: (1) What is the impact of COVID-19 on poverty indicators? (2) How does growth in microfinance borrowers, service availability and gross loan portfolio affect poverty levels? (3) What is the role of macroeconomic factors in poverty reduction? The findings reveal that the COVID-19 fixed effect is statistically significant across various poverty measures, while an increase in microfinance borrowers and service availability is associated with a reduction in poverty. The total loan portfolio has a significant effect on poverty levels despite its small size. Other macroeconomic variables have mixed effects on poverty indicators. The study concludes that governments should invest in expanding social policies such as education and training, support for entrepreneurs, and universal healthcare in addition to expanding microfinance services to reduce poverty effectively.
Trace Anomaly Redefined in a Convention Leading to the Pontryagin Resolution
Authors: Maalouf Hani W.
Published: February 2024

It is sought a fundamental reason for the then contradictory or randomly correct outcomes, as due to the dilemma borne out from the multiple methods for the Pontryagin Chiral Fermions density anomalies resolutions and their either zero or imaginary results.

Such is based on extracting the unitarity from a unity-scale diffeomorphic transformation, which resulted in the being of a\(\ \gamma^{0}\) regularization.
The Psychological Impact of Leisure and Rehabilitation Activities in Children and Adolescents With Autism: A Delphi Approach
Authors: Grossi Enzo
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND. The leisure-rehabilitation programs offered to children and adolescents with autism convey feelings like emotional, social, cognitive, and physical engagement, fun, adventure, and sense of novelty. Each activity however has an intrinsic power to influence the emotional pattern in different ways.

AIM. To define how each type of rehabilitation program can be expected to influence the psychological response di children and adolescent affected by autism.

METHODS. We applied the Delphi procedure during a workshop with 18 expert therapists (12 females- 6 males), with the aim of achieving consensus regarding the appropriateness of 11 types of leisure-rehabilitation activities in inducing seven types of psychological responses.

RESULTS. The activities with the highest potential for each psychological response were: for emotional and cognitive engagement dramatherapy, for social engagement and for fun team sports, for physical engagement and for sense of adventure indoor climbing, for sense of novelty outdoor visits to museums. The top five activities with the highest overall impact (mean overall score > 7) were in decreasing order: indoor climbing, team sports, outdoor visits to common life environments, outdoor visits to parks and gardens, and dramatherapy.

CONCLUSIONS. We hope that this Delphi exercise will help the carers of individuals with autism to choose and adapt possible leisure activities according to the specific needs of the subject, maximizing the potential benefit of rehabilitation.
Re-Examination of Penrose’s and Kerr’s Singularities and the Origin of Protons in Astrophysical Jets
Authors: Šorli Amrit , Gorjup Rado , Gorjup Niko , Makovec Tomaž , Saroj Akash , Ranjan Akash , Singh Piyush
Published: February 2024

Penrose’s model predicted that in the center of the black hole space-time curvature is infinite and consequently gravity force there is infinite. Kerr’s model predicted ring gravitational singularity inside a black hole. In 2014 NASA measured universal space has Euclidean shape. This means that stellar objects cannot curve universal space and that the space-time singularity model has no physical existence. In the center of black holes energy density of superfluid space is so low that the electromagnetic properties of space are changed. This causes electromagnetic forces between the nucleus and orbiting electrons to become unstable. In the center of a black hole, atoms are falling apart into elementary particles. Black holes are rejuvenating systems of the universe, they transform old matter into fresh energy in the form of elementary particles. Astrophysical jets are the outcome of this process.
On Einstein-Bohr Debate and Bell’s Theorem
Authors: Li Guang-Liang
Published: February 2024

According to quantum mechanics in its current form, quantum randomness is an intrinsic property of the physical world. The legitimacy of such interpretation is the essence of the Einstein-Bohr debate. Bell’s theorem implies that local realism should be responsible for the experimental invalidation of Bell inequalities. In this paper, it is shown that quantum randomness is due to the unattainability of precise space and time coordinates, and the failure of Bell inequalities is irrelevant to local realism. Furthermore, by reconsidering Bell’s theorem in the context of the mathematical setting for quantum physics, namely, Hilbert space, it is shown that, whether a measurement is performed on a system or not, the logical relation between orthogonal vectors corresponding to mutually exclusive properties of the system must be disjunction (“or”) rather than conjunction (“and”). Moreover, if the unattainability of precise space and time coordinates is taken into account, and if disjunction is used to serve as the logical relation between the orthogonal vectors, then it is possible to render quantum mechanics complete in the sense considered by Einstein while not essentially modifying the mathematical setting for quantum physics.
Liberal Kozmopolitanizm ve Avrupa Birliği : Ukrayna Ve Moldova’nın Adaylık Statüsü Üzerine Bir Eleştiri
Authors: ATATORUN Mustafa , VEZİROĞLU Sinan
Published: February 2024

Bu çalışma Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) Kantçı veya liberal kozmopolitan köklerini ve özelliklerini ele alıp, bunların dış politikadaki yansımalarını Ukrayna ve Moldova’nın adaylığı bağlamında tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Demokrasi, serbest ticaret ve uluslararası hukuk normlarını kapsayan liberal kozmopolitanizm, AB’nin temeli sayılan Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu’nun (AET) oluşmasıyla pratik ve kurumsal bir şekle kavuşmuştur. AB genişleme süreçlerinde aday ülkelerin liberal kozmopolitanizmin bu ilkelerini benimsemesini ve uygulamasını temel şart olarak görmüştür. Genişleme süreçlerinde ince eleyip sık dokuyan ve adaylık statüsünün verilmesinde bile birçok tartışma yaşayan Birlik, Ukrayna ve Moldova için ezber bozmuştur. Hızlı bir şekilde Ukrayna ve Moldova’ya adaylık statüsü tanıyan AB, bunun nedenini komisyonun resmi ifadesine göre Ukrayna ve Rusya arasında 2022 yılı mart ayında başlayan savaş olarak göstermiştir. Bu makale Rusya’nın işgalci tutumuna karşılık AB’nin genişlemeyi bir koz/silah olarak kullanıp söz konusu ülkeleri genişleme sürecine dahil etmesinin kuruluş felsefesi olan liberal kozmopolitanizm ile bağdaşmadığı iddia etmektedir.
Features of PR-technologies in the formation of the image of world political leaders
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Boribaeva C.B. , Alimzhanova A.B. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Khasanova B.K. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the importance of mastery of the use of PR technologies by world-class leaders in the formation of a political image on the example of former US presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump, as well as the current Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The topic of the role of mass media, social media, Internet resources in creating the image of political leaders and personal prestige in front of the population of the country is widely disclosed. The purpose of the research article is to show the features of the use of PR technologies by image makers and political technologists in the formation of the image of political leaders, to highlight their influence, to determine the effectiveness of PR technologies in accordance with modern realities, to explain meaning of PR technologies to future image formation specialists. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of PR technologies in the formation of the image of politicians on the political stage is an effective business, which is implemented through the creation of a special plan. PR specialists immerse themselves in the subtleties of forming the image of a leader and in the future achieve effective results with the skillful use of PR technologies. In addition, the article emphasizes that the creation of the image of a leader among the population plays an important role in obtaining more votes in elections, giving an example of how these politicians, especially during electoral campaigns, successfully used PR technologies
Анализ путей уменьшения выбросов СО2 транспортными средствами
Authors: Майборода О.В. , Каленов Г.К. , Мустаяп М.Б.
Published: February 2024

Рассмотрены возможные способы уменьшения выбросов СО2. Выбросы СО2 снижаются пропорционально уменьшению эксплуатационного расхода топлива. Применение электромобилей не обнуляет выбросы СО2, а только уменьшает их. Электроэнергию в основном генерируют тепловые электростанции. Уменьшая расход электроэнергии электромобилем, мы уменьшим выбросы СО2 тепловыми электростанциями. В статье рассмотрены следующие способы уменьшения эксплуатационного расхода топлива автомобилями и электроэнергии электромобилями: ограничение избыточной мощности двигателей автомобилей и электромобилей; применение гибридных силовых установок; применение экономичных алгоритмов регулирования скорости автомобилей с двигателем внутреннего сгорания и электромобилей. Обращено внимание на необходимость разработки экономичного алгоритма регулирования скорости для электромобилей. Показано, что существующие конструкции автоматических трансмиссий и конструкции большинства электромобилей не позволяют использовать движение накатом для уменьшения эксплуатационного расхода топлива (электроэнергии). Показана необходимость сохранения разрешенной скорости легковых автомобилей на автомагистралях на уровне 110 км/ч. Рассмотрено влияние скользкости дорожного покрытия и интенсивности дорожного движения на среднюю и максимальную скорости транспортного потока. Гибкое регулирование максимальной скорости и ограничение возможности обгона увеличат время движения автомобиля с постоянной скоростью, что снизит расход топлива.
Экспериментальное исследование твердости наплавленной поверхности при различных способах термофрикционного фрезерования
Authors: Иманбаев Е.Б. , Шеров К.Т. , Мардонов Б.Т. , Махмудов Л.Н. , Усербаев М.Т. , Куанов И.С.
Published: February 2024

В данной статье приводятся результаты исследования, направленного для решения проблемы обеспечения твердости наплавленных поверхностей после механической обработки. В качестве механической обработки предложены два способа термофрикционного фрезерования - традиционное термофрикционное фрезерование и термофрикционное фрезерование с импульсным охлаждением. Для проведения экспериментальных исследований выполнено планирование эксперимента и определено необходимое количество проводимых опытов. Для обработки были подготовлены специальные образцы с наплавленным слоем из наплавочного материала, который используется на производстве ТОО «Электровоз құрастыру зауыты» (г. Нур-Султан, Казахстан). Результаты экспериментальных исследований показали, что оба способа термофрикционного фрезерования обеспечивает повышение твердости наплавленной поверхности. Также изучено влияние режимов фрезерования на твердость обработанной поверхности. Установлены оптимальные значения режимов фрезерования, которые обеспечивают повышение исходной твердости обработанной поверхности.
«Ақылды қалаларындағы» мультиагентті жүйелерді талдау
Authors: Ахаева Ж.Б. , Закирова А.Б. , Толегенова Г.Б.
Published: February 2024

Қалалар тұрғындар санының өсіп келе жатуына байланысты жаңа мәселелерге тап болды; тарихта алғаш рет халықтың көп бөлігі қазір мегаполисте тұрады. Қалыптасқан жағдайды ескере отырып, қала жаңа шешімдерді жүзеге асыруы керек, яғни өз азаматтарына қауіпсіздік, денсаулық сақтау, ресурстар, үкімет, білім беру және басқа да қалалық жүйелермен байланысты талаптарға жауап беретін жүйелерді ұсынуы арқылы Ақылды қала болуы керек. Осы мақаланың мақсаты - Ақылды қаланы іске асыру үшін қайта жаңғыртылатын және экспортталатын модельді анықтайтын базалық инфрақұрылым ретінде қала интеллекттісін қамтамасыз ететін мультиагенттік жүйелерді қолдана отырып, Ақылды қала моделін зерттеу. Бұл мақалада мультиагенттік жүйелерді қолдана отырып, ақылды шетелдік қалаларға талдау жасалады, сонымен қатар мультиагенттердің өздері де жұмыс істегені.
Computer modeling and verification of mechanical properties of metal-polymer composite materials used in the technological process of layer-by-layer growing of parts used in the technological process of layer-by-layer growing
Authors: Isametova М. , Absadykov B. , Bazarbay B. , Smailova G. , Kalmaganbetov S. , Deshevsky N.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of computer modeling of the microstructure of a composite material consisting of a polyamide matrix and metal inclusions. The researched composition is one of the advanced trends in the production of materials for advanced MIM technologies. This paper describes the design of a new pressing device to produce composite rods. Computer modeling of mechanical properties of composite metal-polymer material was performed in the high-level CAD system DIGIMAT module MF. Micro-level modeling of the composite made it possible to establish the relationship between the percentage of inclusions and the upper yield strength of the material and the influence of the shape of the inclusions on the tensile strength of the designed material. The computational experiment results were verified with the results of the field experiment for the samples produced by the injection molding technology and the 3D printing technology.
Роль покрытий в снижении интенсивности эрозии
Authors: Сейтказенова К.К. , Печерский В.Н. , Жумалиев Б.Б. , Аким Е.Г.
Published: February 2024

Предложен способ повышения эрозионной стойкости деталей путемнанесения на их рабочие поверхности покрытий, которые позволят значительноувеличить их срок службы в процессе эксплуатации.Показана роль гальванического хромирования для изделий, испытывающихэрозионный износ в процессе работы. Установлено влияние плотности тока настепень износа, на микротвердость гальванического покрытия. Выявлено, чтоплотность тока, равную 60 а/дм2, следует считать оптимальной, так как этомурежиму соответствует минимальный износ.Приведена технология защиты цилиндровых втулок двигателей плазменно-напыленным (пористым) покрытием. Показано, что последующая пропитка лаком(бакелитизация) снижает пористость плазменного покрытия. Выявлена толщинаплазменно-напыленного покрытия, обеспечивающая оптимальнуюизносостойкость, и установлена оптимальная шероховатость поверхностей 0,16 мкм. Проверена эффективность защиты водоохлаждаемыхповерхностей втулок покрытием в натурных условиях. Приведены результатыиспользования защитного неметаллического покрытия для втулок,обеспечивающих устойчивую работу систем охлаждения двигателей при всехнагрузках.
Көлденең ығысу деформациясын ескергендегі серпімді пластинаны есептеу әдісі
Authors: Ахажанов С.Б. , Нургозиева А.Ж.
Published: February 2024

Мақалада көлденең ығысу деформациясын ескергендегі пластинаның жетілдірілген ақырлы элементі ұсынылған. Көлденең ығысу деформациясы ақырлы элементтің түйіндеріндегі жылжулар арқылы параметр түрінде ескерілген. Ақырлы элементтер әдісі бойынша көлденең ығысу деформациясын ескергендегі пластинаның ақырлы элементінің негізгі тәуелділігі мен қатаңдық матрицасы табылған. Төрт бұрышты ақырлы элементтің көлденең ығысу деформациясын ескергендегі координаттық функциялары анықталған. Ақырлы элементтер әдісі арқылы пластинаның есептеуі толығымен автоматтандырылған. Мысал ретінде көлденең ығысу деформациясын ескергендегі серпімді пластинаның иілуі көрсетілген. Үш жағдайдағы серпімді пластинаның түйіндік тік жылжулары, бұрылу бұрыштары, иілу моменттері, бұралу моменті және көлденең күштерінің сандық нәтижелері алынған. Үш жағдайдағы серпімді пластинаның алынған шешімдері бір-бірімен салыстырылған. Есептеу нәтижелері кестелер мен эпюралар арқылы көрсетілген.
Ертерек ескертуге арналған сымсыз GSM жер сілкінісінің дабыл жүйесін жетілдіру
Authors: Ахметова А.М. , Шаяхметова А.С. , Закирова А.Б. , Бақытжанова А.
Published: February 2024

Бүгінгі күні GSM абоненттерінің саны миллион адамнан асты. GSM стандартының атауының өзі мобильді байланыстың жаһандық жүйесі (ұялы байланыстың жалпы жүйесі) жаңа мағынаға ие болды. GSM стандартына байланыс жүйелерінің эволюциясындағы негізгі рөлдердің бірі тағайындалды. Ол барлық заманауи цифрлық желі стандарттарымен, ең алдымен ISDN (Integrated Digital Network Communications) және IN (Интеллектуалды желі) тығыз байланысты. GSM негізгі функционалдық элементтері қазіргі уақытта әзірленіп жатқан UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) мобильді байланыстың үшінші буынының жаһандық жүйесінің халықаралық стандартына енгізілген. Жұмыста ұялы байланыс болмаған жерлерге сенсорлары орнатылған көп функционалды мұнараларды қолданып келе жатқан қауіп туралы ескерту үшін негізгі GSM станциясы арқылы ұялы телефонға дыбыстық хабарлама жіберу моделі ұсынылады.
Экспериментальное исследование и численное моделирование стадии развития разрушений низкоуглеродистой стали
Authors: Доненбаев Б.С. , Магавин С.Ш. , Шеров К.Т. , Ракишев А.К. , Мусаев М.М.
Published: February 2024

В данной работе представлены экспериментальное и численное исследование низкоуглеродистой стали при одноосном растяжении до разрушения. Испытание на растяжение с полным разрушением проводилось на разрывной машине МИ40. Данная машина позволяет испытывать образцы на растяжение и отображает кривую зависимости усилия от удлинения. Цилиндрические образцы низкоуглеродистой стали подготовлены согласно ISO 6892–1:2019 и соответствуют типу II. Для оценки испытания полученные усредненные кривые зависимости сила и удлинения были преобразованы в инженерные кривые зависисимости напряжения от деформации. Инженерные (технические) кривые зависисимости напряжения от деформации приведены к истинной. В истинной диаграмме третий этап - развитие шейки принят линейной. Численные исследования проведены по истинным диаграммам растяжения. В численном исследовании смоделированы все три этапа растяжения. Первый этап – линейный и задан модулем Юнга и коэффициентом Пуассона. Из полной истинной деформации извлечена пластичная и она применена во втором этапе деформации. Третий этап смоделирован такими параметрами, как: зависимость степени разрушения от смещения, деформация разрушения, трехосность напряжений и скорость деформации. Получены сравнительные графики зависимости напряжения от деформации экспериментального и численного исследования.
Ахмет Байтұрсынұлының еңбектері бойынша дыбыс жүйесін онтологиялық модельдеу
Authors: Ергеш Б.Ж. , Бекманова Г.Т. , Сыздыкова Г.О. , Жумагулова А.А.
Published: February 2024

Қазіргі кезде цифрлық форматтағы этносаралық қарым-қатынас тілі ретінде  қазақ  тілінің қолданыс аясын арттыру және  қызметін кеңейту бойынша ғылыми-лингвистикалық негіздер мен IТ-ресурстарды әзірлеу өзекті мәселе болып табылады. Сол мәселені шешу үшін орындалып жатқан №BR11765535 грант аясында Ахмет Байтұрсынұлының ғылыми мұрасы және оның еңбектері бойынша барлық құрылымдық қабаттары бар жаңа білім жүйесінен құралған цифрланған материалдарды қосатын «Ахметтану» интеллектуалдық жүйесі әзірленіп жатыр. Мақалада аталған интеллектуалдық жүйеге негіз болатын Ахмет Байтұрсынұлының еңбектері бойынша тілдің құрылымдық деңгейлерінің білімдер базасы негізінде, оның ішінде дыбыс жүйесі мысалында әзірленген онтологиялық моделдеу сипатталған. Ахмет Байтұрсынұлының еңбектері бойынша тілдің дыбыстық жүйесін қолданбалы онтологиялық моделдеу үшін Protégé редакторы қолданылды. Зерттеу нысанына алынған еңбектердегі дыбыс жүйесінің онтологиялық моделі класстардан (түсініктер), олардың қасиеттері мен жеке үлгі даналардан (индивид) тұрады. Табиғи тілді өңдейтін әр түрлі интеллектуалды ақпараттық жүйелер үшін қазақ тілінің ғылыми-лингвистикалық негіздері бөлігінде жаңа нәтижелер Қазақстанда ақпараттық-коммуникациялық технологиялар және қазақ тілінің цифрлану саласының дамуына тікелей әсер етеді.
Генезис автоматизации архитектурно-строительного проектирования
Authors: Яскевич В.В.
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена развитию автоматизации в архитектурно-строительном проектировании в контексте технологического прогресса XX-XXI веков. В рамках исследования изучены отечественные и зарубежные публикации по выбранной теме. Из многочисленных научных и технологических открытий в области технических средств и программного обеспечения, оказавших влияние на автоматизацию современных процессов проектирования, выбраны и рассмотрены самые значительные. В результате анализа выделено 4 этапа развития проектирования с точки зрения автоматизации (традиционное (ручное), CAD, BIM, ИИ(AI)), предпринята попытка оценить степень автоматизации на каждом из этапов. Для этого использованы сложившиеся методики оценки автоматизации в интерпретации, учитывающей особенности архитектурной деятельности. Учитываются последние достижения в использовании для проектирования технологий 4-й промышленной революции, таких, как искусственный интеллект, виртуальная реальность, 3D печать и т.д. В заключении рассматриваются возможные перспективы архитектуры в связи с применением существующих и появлением новых технологий.
Исследование влияния качества ремонтно-восстановительных работ на эффективность работы городского пассажирского транспорта
Authors: Конкыбаева А.Н. , Шеров К.Т. , Иманбаев Е.Б. , Тусупова С.О. , Окимбаева А.Е. , Карсакова Н.Ж.
Published: February 2024

В данной статье приводятся результаты исследования работы городского пассажирского транспорта (ГПТ) в условиях густонаселенных городов Республики Казахстан, в частности г. Астана и г. Караганда. А также состояние ремонтно-восстановительного производства автобусных парков (АП) и её влияние на качество организации и эффективности ГПТ. В результате исследования было выявлено, то что одной из неисправностей, которая носит циклический характер является износ бугелей ступицы заднего моста ходовой части автобусов, в частности автобусов марки IVECO, которые составляют большую долю подвижного состава. Установлено, что неисправность узла ходовой части отрицательно влияет на уровень технической готовности и коэффициента выхода на линию подвижного состава, а также на уровень безопасности движения на дорогах.
Была исследована технология ремонта и восстановления изношенных деталей бугеля ступицы заднего моста ходовой части автобусов марки IVECO в условиях АП. Выявлено, что, существующая в АП технология ремонта ступиц восстановлением бугелей несовершенна, в связи с чем межремонтный пробег недостаточно велик.
Для решения данной проблемы необходима разработка новой технологии ремонта и восстановления изношенных бугелей ступицы, обеспечивающая высокую твердость и износостойкость восстановленных поверхностей.
Своеобразие развития композиции мавзолея-ханака Ходжи Ахмеда Яссави в Туркестане
Authors: Куспангалиев Б.У. , Самойлов К.И. , Приемец О.Н.
Published: February 2024

Проблема сохранения и оптимальной демонстрации местным жителям и туристам памятников архитектуры представляет постоянный научный и общественный интерес. В диалектическом взаимодействии сосуществуют две концепции: консервация для сохранения памятника в том виде, в каком он дошёл до наших времён, и реставрация памятника с восстановлением утраченных деталей. В каждом конкретном случае принимается то или иное решение, которое находит как сторонников, так и противников. Одним из аспектов этой проблемы является отношение к зданиям, которые имеют длительные перерывы в своей истории в проведении строительных работ. Интересным примером такого памятника является мавзолей-ханака Ахмеда Яссави в Туркестане, который остался недостроенным. Учитывая его важность для самоопределения культуры современного Казахстана, представляется целесообразным рассмотреть вопрос о плане проекта, который остался нереализованным, а также о стадийности возведения самого здания. Особенно это интересно в связи акцентированием некоторых аспектов, часть из которых хотя и была включена в общедоступный научный обиход в 1930-1950-е годы, однако осталась без внимания и не откорректировала современную общераспространённую версию истории строительства мавзолея-ханака. Это касается в основном этапов строительства конца XIV в. и конца XVI в. Кроме этого, композиционный анализ выявил ранее неакцентированный факт о том, что не достроен не только главный портал здания, но и главный купол, который, судя по результатам анализа, предполагался двойным. Эти, некотором образом инновационные результаты, позволяют значительно расширить перспективы дальнейших исследований выдающегося произведения.
Investigation of the influence of technological parameters on the copper deposition process
Authors: Doshibekova A. , Jurinskaya I. , Tashpulatov S
Published: February 2024

The possibility of electroplating copper coatings on chemically and chemical-galvanically nickel-plated acrylic fibers has been studied. The effect of electrolyte pH, its composition, current strength at the 1st and 2nd cathodes, as well as the metallization time on the electrophysical, physical and mechanical properties of copper-containing fibers have been studied.

Electrically conductive fibers with different copper contents have been obtained. Regularities have been established for the change in the electrical properties of fibers depending on the content of copper. The studies have shown that with an increase in the copper content, the electrical conductivity, the uniformity of the coating and the uniformity of the electrophysical properties (for chemical-galvanically nickel-plated fiber) increase. In the case of copper plating of chemically nickel-plated fiber, the coefficient of variation in electrical resistance increases with increasing plating time, despite the fact that the copper content increases, and the coefficient of variation in copper content and electrical resistance decreases.
Risk Factor Analysis of the Incidence of Placenta Previa at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2020–2021
Authors: Lestari Dian Widia , Basir Firmansyah , Maritska Ziske , Hartati Hartati , Inggarsih Rara
Published: February 2024

Placenta previa is a placenta that lies at the bottom of the uterus, above or very close to the internal cervical ostium. The exact cause of placenta previa is still unknown, but several factors have been associated with an increased risk of placenta previa. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal age, parity, distance between pregnancies, history of placenta previa, history of cesarean delivery, history of curettage, assisted reproductive technology, multiple pregnancies, and fetal gender on the incidence of placenta previa at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2020-2021. This study is an observational analytic study with a case control design. This study used secondary data from medical records of obstetric patients at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2020-2021 that met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The study sample amounted to 100 people consisting of 50 cases and 50 controls. The results of bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and the fisher exact alternative test showed that maternal age (p=0.010), parity (p=0.038), history of cesarean delivery (p=0.000), and history of curettage (p=0.001) had a significant relationship with the incidence of placenta previa. Distance between pregnancies (p=0.204), history of placenta previa (p=0.242), and fetal sex (p=0.162) did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of placenta previa. The results of multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression test showed that the most influential risk factors for the incidence of placenta previa were history of cesarean delivery (OR=54.751) and history of curettage (OR=20.204). It can be concluded that a history of cesarean delivery and a history of curettage are the most influential risk factors for the incidence of placenta previa.
Oral Administration of Moringa Leaf Ethanol Extract (Moringa Oleifera) for 14 Days Protects The Liver of Male White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) from Acute Damage Caused by High Doses of Paracetamol
Authors: Mustofa Syazili , Ananta Gusti Agung Putu Yogy Veda
Published: February 2024

Paracetamol is a widely utilized medication globally and is the primary cause of poisoning incidents in high-income countries. Paracetamol induces hepatotoxicity that is depending on the dosage when taken in excessive amounts. The Moringa oleifera (MO), belonging to the Moringaceae family, is one of the medicinal plants investigated for its potential in treating hepatotoxicity. The MO tree extracts have been documented to possess inhibitory effects, primarily against hepatitis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, owing to their bioactive components. An experimental laboratory enrolled using 36 samples of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), which were divided into six groups: standard control group (K), positive control group (K1) given paracetamol 3000mg/kg BW on 15th days; antioxidant control group (K2) given vitamin c 500mg/kg BW for 14 days; treatment group 1 (P1), treatment group 2 (P2) and treatment group 3 (P3) each given moringa oleifera leaves extract 200mg/kg BW, 400mg/kg BW and 800mg/kg BW for 14 days. Each group, except the standard control group, was given paracetamol 3000mg/Kg BW on the 15th day. On the 16th day, the mice were euthanized, and then their livers were made into histological preparations and examined using a microscope at 40 times magnification. The level of liver cellular damage was categorized into scoring based on the level of damage. Score 1 if no damage, score 2 if parenchymatous degeneration was found, score 3 if hydropic degeneration was found, and score 4 if necrosis was found. The average scoring per group was calculated as K: 1.1; K1: 3.17; K2: 1.57; P1: 1.5; P2: 1.73; P3: 1.9. K1 appeared necrotic. Inflammation and hydropic degeneration were found in K2, P1, P2, and P3. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test, obtained p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Moringa leaf ethanol extract affected hepatic induction by paracetamol because significant differences were found between groups P1, P2, and P3 with K1 (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups K2 and P1 (p > 0.05), showing that the effect of giving 500mg/kg BW vitamin C was equivalent to providing 200mg/kg BW Moringa leaves. It was concluded that giving ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves protected the acute histopathological damage of the liver of male white rats of the Sprague Dawley strain induced by paracetamol.
Directions for the development of the criminal procedure science
Authors: Shatrava S. O. , Dzhafarova О. V. , Denyschuk D. Ye. , Pohorilets О. V.
Published: February 2024

The article proves that prohibition, as well as the decriminalisation of pornography, is a resonant social issue. In addition to playing the role of a moral and ethical component of public life, it acts as a lever in the international political arena, and also touches upon some matters of financial income and tax revenue. EU legislation generally regards pornography as a phenomenon that does not pose a social or moral and ethical danger. It is noted that with the expiry of the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Public Morality”, the legal justification for a complete ban on pornography in Ukraine has also been lost. The logical continuation of the above legal changes is the revision of criminal legislation on pornography with due regard to the main trends of progressive legal development.

The analysis of the information materials to the BRDO’s initiative draft law stipulates that the absence of a regulatory definition of “debauchery” and “place of debauchery” creates conditions under which criminal liability may be imposed on party organisers, hotel and nightclub owners or creators of pornographic materials. Based on this, the BRDO proposes to exclude Article 302 from the Criminal Code of Ukraine as a whole. The BRDO’s argument is indeed convincing. However, it does not take into account the risks of such crimes and offences as: pimping or involvement of a person in prostitution (Article 303 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); prostitution (Article 181-1 of the Code of Administrative Offences of Ukraine). In addition, if Article 302 is removed from the Criminal Code of Ukraine, its parts 3 and 4 will also be lost, which may reduce the protection of minors and young persons.

In view of the above, we believe that it would be appropriate to amend the content of part 1 of Article 302 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as follows:

“Article 302. Organisation of activities for places to provide paid sexual services and engage in prostitution

Organisation and receipt of remuneration from the activities of places for the face-to-face provision of paid sexual services and prostitution – …”.
Tactical features of the scene inspection in the investigation of the taking of a government official or law enforcement officer as a hostage
Authors: Prokopenko O. Yu.
Published: February 2024

The criminal offence of taking a government official or a law enforcement officer hostage under Article 349 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is becoming increasingly relevant in today’s realities. However, in the course of the study of scientific findings, the absence of methodological recommendations for investigating this crime has been established, which negatively affects the state of combating crime. In particular, the investigation methodology includes recommendations on the specifics of certain investigative (detective) actions, the primary of which is the inspection of the scene. Thus, there is a need to conduct research on the above issue.

The purpose of the study is to determine the tactical features of conducting an inspection of the scene of a hostage-taking of a government official or law enforcement officer. To achieve this research goal, the analysis of scientific literature, investigative and judicial practice has been carried out.

The article outlines some peculiarities of the tactics of examining the scene of an incident, and identifies the necessary material and technical and forensic support for such an investigative (detective) action. The article also provides examples of possible evidence to be considered at the scene of an event.

Based on the results of the study, some tactical techniques for inspecting the scene of a seizure of a government official or a law enforcement officer have been identified, and the inspection has been classified depending on the location: 1) the place of seizure; 2) the place of movement of the seized person; 3) the place of detention of the hostage; 4) the place of detention of the perpetrator. For each place of inspection, the peculiarities and the relevant algorithm of actions by the pre-trial investigation authorities have been identified.

It has been established that the purpose of conducting a crime scene investigation of the criminal offences under study is to: establish the location and release of a hostage; establish the location and detention of suspects; identify and seize tools, means of committing a crime and other things relevant to criminal proceedings.
Scientific support for the use of psychiatric knowledge in the investigation of crimes against human life and health
Authors: Khoroshun D. V.
Published: February 2024

The category of criminal offences against life and health is quite significant. A large number of crimes included in this category are characterised by a high level of social danger, as they encroach on the greatest social value which is life and health of a person. In the investigation of such crimes, it is typical to use specialised knowledge in the fields of forensic psychiatry and psychology in procedural and non-procedural forms. Given that the process of cognition and assimilation of scientific knowledge begins with clarification of the peculiarities of its historical development, the purpose of the article is to clarify the state of scientific development of the issues related to the use of special psychiatric and psychological knowledge in the investigation of crimes against life and health of a person.

It has been determined that the current state of scientific significance of the use of special psychiatric and psychological knowledge in the investigation of crimes against human life and health is influenced by the peculiarities of development of criminal procedure legislation. In addition, based on the analysis of legal literature, the assessment of the developments made by Ukrainian scholars has been provided. It is established that careful attention has been paid to the study of certain aspects of the appointment of forensic psychiatric and forensic psychological examinations in the investigation of various types of murders, bodily injuries, and domestic violence. At the same time, based on the results of the generalisation of scientific works authored by Ukrainian scholars, it has been determined that the national legal literature does not address the peculiarities of involving specialists in investigative (search) actions in the course of investigation of crimes against life and health of a person, as well as the prospects for implementing non-procedural forms of using specialised knowledge. The article emphasizes that this issue, as well as the prospects for using specialised knowledge of psychology and psychiatry in non-procedural forms, require a thorough analysis and coverage in the legal literature in order to improve the practical activities of the prosecution in criminal proceedings.
Problematic issues related to forensic examination of written language and handwriting in pre-trial investigation
Authors: Yukhno O. O. , Smirnov H. V.
Published: February 2024

The article retrospectively examines the genesis of theoretical and law enforcement issues, legislative and other regulatory frameworks relating to forensic examination of written language and handwriting with a view to improving them and further prospects for their use in forensic science and forensic examination. The genesis of the emergence and introduction of the first state, international, religious, economic and other types of documents, methods and types of their execution and registration, and the improvement of the historical documentary system in our country and the persons who could execute them in various fields of use in the country and in ensuring the vital activity of the population, as well as the mechanism of the first identification actions with this category of writing and handwriting are investigated. The role, essence and significance of written language, handwriting and documentary studies in their historical aspect in terms of formation, improvement and use in establishing and identifying the person who executed a certain document or written text are determined. Separate objectives have been identified to improve knowledge, including subculture and skills, on the detection, establishment and preparation for forensic examination of written language and handwriting by detectives, investigators, forensic specialists, experts, prosecutors, investigating judges and court personnel, taking into account the requirements of the time regarding the use by criminals of documents made both by conventional means and with the help of computer equipment, the Internet, mobile communications, as well as other modern telecommunications achievements and digitalisation of the pre-trial process. The article investigates the peculiarities of forensic methods of examination of written language and handwriting objects to be taken into account by officials who, in particular, conduct pre-trial investigation of criminal offences committed with the use of ordinary or forged written documents, handwriting forgery, and other criminal methods of their use with a view to qualitative preparation and conduct of relevant handwriting and authenticity examinations. Based on the results of the study, the author's scientific positions and ways of solving the existing problematic issues have been developed.