bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Seed Flipping Test Pattern to Detect Faults in LBIST
Authors: T.V.Ramani  , LeelaKumari.B  , Leela Rani V
Published: December 2024

Design and manufacturing challenges posed by the increasing transistor count and shrinking feature size in modern chips have significantly heightened the occurrence of defects. As a result, rigorous testing has become indispensable in the VLSI design process. Unfortunately, amidst the lengthy design cycles, test procedures often take a back seat, overshadowed by the primary focus on design development. To ensure high quality and reliability, it is imperative that any VLSI design be entirely fault-free before deployment. Design for Testability (DFT) techniques play a crucial role in facilitating error detection and ensuring robustness during testing phases. Among these techniques, Logic Built in Self-Test (LBIST) stands out for its effectiveness in achieving comprehensive fault coverage. Here it is implemented LBIST with a focus on enhancing fault coverage for a 16-bit test pattern using SFRG (Seed Flipping Ring Generator). This approach not only maximizes fault detection capabilities but also optimizes area and power efficiency compared to alternative pattern generators. By leveraging this test pattern, we aim to address the growing complexity and reliability demands of modern integrated circuits effectively. The code is written in HDL language with Verilog code, and it is implemented using Xilinx Vivado software tool.
Integration of ChatGPT in the Translation and Post-Editing of Specialized Texts: A Study on its Application
Authors: Andrade Preciado Jahiro Samar , Sánchez Ramírez Héctor Javier , Gallego Real Cristian Gabriela
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on specialized translation, using ChatGPT as the primary tool. Employing an empirical-exploratory and mixed-methods approach, it analyzes the strategies and translation skills of 15 advanced students from the Translation Bachelor’s Program at UABC while translating specialized texts from legal, medical, and scientific fields. It also describes the post-editing process and techniques used to enhance terminological accuracy and cultural appropriateness. Participants translated and post-edited three specialized texts, complementing the process with the creation of terminological glossaries. A specialized rubric was used to evaluate translation quality, while Translog-II software measured efficiency and time spent on each task. The objectives were to analyze the translation process and strategies employed with ChatGPT in translating specialized texts, and to describe the post-editing techniques used by students in their final academic stage. Preliminary results show a significant improvement in the efficiency and quality of translations due to the use of AI tools, highlighting the positive impact of ChatGPT on the development of specific translation competencies. Students expressed a favorable perception of the experience, emphasizing the usefulness of these tools in facilitating and optimizing the translation process
YOSHLAR MAVZUSIGA OID TELEKO‘RSATUVLARNING ZAMONAVIY JAMIYATDAGI ROLI VA AHAMIYATI
Authors: Zohidova Yulduz , Hikmatillayev Maruf
Published: December 2024

Bugungi globallashuv jarayonida yoshlar uchun mo‘ljallangan teleko‘rsatuvlar ularning dunyoqarashiga katta ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Bunday ko‘rsatuvlar nafaqat yosh avlodni intellektual, ijodiy, jismoniy rivojlantirish, balki ularning ilmiy salohiyatini oshirishda ham muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Shu bilan birga milliy qadriyatlar va maqsadlarni ilgari surish orqali yoshlarning jamiyatdagi faolligi ortib borayapti. Xususan, televideniye yoshlarga dolzarb mavzular, zamonaviy texnologiyalar, ilm-fan yangiliklari va turli madaniyatlar haqida ma’lumot berib, ularning dunyoqarashini shakllantiradigan, salohiyatini oshiradigan kontent bilan ta’minlashga harakat qilmoqda. Bunga “Yoshlar” telekanalidagi turkum ko‘rsatuvlarni misol qilib keltirish mumkin. Telekanalda efirga uzatilayotgan dasturlarning turli janr va mavzularni qamrab olishi yoshlarning aql-tafakkurini o‘stirishga yordam beradi. Shu sababli bunday ko‘rsatuvlarning mazmuni va ta’siri haqida tahliliy o‘rganishlar olib borish o‘ta dolzarbdir. Maqolada teleko‘rsatuvlarning ijtimoiy, madaniy va psixologik ta’sirlari, ularning yoshlar orasida qanchalik ommalashgani va yosh avlod hayotida qanday ijobiy o‘zgarishlar yasayotgani haqida so‘z yuritilgan.
TEOGODONIMLAR VA ULARNING TADQIQI
Authors: Sattarova Nargiza
Published: December 2024

Maqolada Andijon viloyati shahar va tumanlari tarkibidagi mahalla va ko‘cha nomlariga asos bo‘lgan (teogodonim) diniy geografik nomlar, umuman turkiy tillarda din bilan bog‘liq nomlar, ota, avliyo, bobo, islom, momo, nur, ziyo, shayx kabi qo‘shimchalar haqida fikr va mulohazalar keltirilgan.
ЛЕКЦИЯ № 2. ОТ СПИНОЗЫ ДО ШЕЛЛИНГА: ЧЕЛОВЕК И СВОБОДА
Authors: ДЗЯЛОШИНСКИЙ Иосиф
Published: December 2024

В данной лекции сделана попытка, опираясь на работы классиков и современных авторов, изложить представления о свободе таких мыслителей эпохи Просвещения, как Спиноза, Гоббс, Локк, Лейбниц, Юм, Монтескье, Руссо, Гельвеций, Вольтер, Беккариа, Марат, Кант, Фихте, Шеллинг. Показано, что именно эти философы заложили основы борьбы против невежества, суеверий и религиозных догм и сыграли ключевую роль в борьбе против феодальной системы и диктатуры церкви. Показано, что именно в эту эпоху закладывалось понимание свободы как высшей ценности европейской культуры. Свобода начинает восприниматься не просто как благо, а как условие проявления добродетели или порока, справедливости или несправедливости, соблюдения долга или пренебрежения им. В той или иной форме эти философы утверждали, что свобода представляет собой естественное состояние человека. Свобода стала пониматься как право человека распоряжаться собой, своей личностью и имуществом, самостоятельно выбирать собственную судьбу, не испрашивая у кого-либо разрешения, не зависеть от чьей-либо воли.
MicroRNA-143 as a Biomarker of Atherogenic Acute Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors:   Imannuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia, Tynterova A.M. , Mikhailova L.V. ,   Imannuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia, Tsapkova A.A. ,   Imannuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia, Vulf M.A. ,   Imannuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia, Litvinova L.S. ,   Imannuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
Published: December 2024

AIM. To evaluate the expression level of microRNA-143 in patients with atherogenic acute cardiovascular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A total of 133 patients with acute cardiovascular diseases of atherogenic etiology were examined. Group 1 included 81 patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and Group 2 included 52 patients diagnosed with atherothrombotic subtype of ischemic stroke in the carotid basin. The control group included 27 patients without a history of acute cardiovascular diseases. Upon hospitalization, all patients underwent examinations according to the standard of medical care for patients with stroke and acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation. The degree of stenosis of coronary and internal carotid artery was determined by coronary angiography/duplex scanning. The laboratory diagnostics included an assessment of lipidogram parameters at the time of patent admission. The level of microRNA-143 (miR-143) in blood plasma was determined by real-time PCR. For statistical data processing, standard software packages SPSS Statistics, as well as Pandas and SciPy libraries, were used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. A higher level of LDL (p <0.0001) and a prevalence of occlusive atherosclerosis (p < 0.001, p < 0001) were revealed in patients of 1st group compared to the 2nd and control groups; severe stenosis was found in patients of both main groups (p <0.0001, p = 0.0007) compared to the control group with a predominance in patients of 1st group 1 (p = 0.001). Assessment of circulating miR-143 levels demonstrated a higher level of miR-143 (p <0.0001, p = 0.011) in patients of the main groups compared to the control group with a prevalence (p <0.0001) in patients of 1st group. The most significant correlation with the level of miR-143 was observed for LDL (r = 0.484) and the number of patients with severe atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries (r = 0.454) in patients of 1st group, total cholesterol (r = 0.445), presence of diabetes mellitus (r = 0.418) and borderline atherosclerotic stenosis (r = 0.415) of the internal carotid artery - in patients of 2nd group. CONCLUSION. The results of the study allow us to consider the level of miR-143 as one of the important regulators of the process of atherogenesis. The obtained results indicate the necessity to conduct multicenter studies with a larger sample size to determine the potential value of miR-143 as a biomarker of severity and course of acute cardiovascular diseases associated with stenosis of major arteries.
Study of the Influence of Etiopathologic Factors on Cognitive Function in Chronic Cerebral Ischemia
Authors:   Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Khakimova S.Z.
Published: December 2024

AIM. To study the influence of etiopathologic factors on cognitive functions in chronic cerebral ischemia, to identify the key causes of cognitive impairment and to develop recommendations for their prevention and correction MATERIAL AND METHODS. A study of 150 persons divided into three groups was carried out. The main group of patients is n=56 with chronic cerebral ischemia, suffering from arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cytomegalovirus infection. The Comparative Group consisted of n=54 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The third - control group - n=40 relatively healthy individuals (selected from among the employees of the city medical association, neurology department). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The study of the neurological status, as well as laboratory tests, neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods, allows us to assess the influence of etiopathologic factors on cognitive functions in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSION. In patients with chronic cerebral ischemia against the background of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and detected cytomegalovirus infection, early cognitive changes are determined.
Aspects of Differential Diagnosis of Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy with Acute Onset Associated with COVID-19
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus, Vist E.V. , Selitsky M.M. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus, Ponomarev V.V. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION. According to international data, among the most common neurological complications of COVID-19, there are lesions of the PNS with a frequency of occurrence of more than 33.7%. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is of the greatest interest among the complications of PNS, as a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal disease. Differential diagnosis of GBS and acute-onset CIDP is of great clinical importance, since the algorithms of pathogenetic treatment and further patient management tactics differ. AIM. To identify possible differential diagnostic markers of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with acute - onset (A-CIDP) in patients with COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS. From 2020 to 2023, we examined 57 patients (women - 26, men - 31, average age 55.6±9.2 years). The main group included 34 patients (women - 16, men - 18, average age was 54.5±9.3 years), in whom GBS was associated with COVID-19. Of these, 7 patients subsequently had a recurrence of the clinical picture with a chronic course of the disease. In these patients, the initial diagnosis of GBS was changed to CIDP. The comparison group consisted of 23 patients (women - 10, men - 13, average age 57.2±8.6 years) with GBS of a different etiology. Neurological status was assessed using standardized scales to assess sensory and motor disorders in the study groups. To assess the nature of damage to the peripheral nervous system, the method of stimulation electroneuromyography was used. Among the laboratory biomarkers, the S100b protein was selected, which has proven itself well as a marker of damage not only to the central but also to the peripheral nervous systems. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. GBS (a form of AIDP) and A-CIDP cannot be clinically differentiated in the acute period. The analysis of the ENMG (amplitude of the M-response and ICV) in dynamics makes it possible to differentiate GBS (the form of AIDP) and CIDP in the early stages. The diagnostic threshold level of S100b protein in blood serum (>7.48 pg/ml) was reliably established at week 8 of the disease in patients with GBS (form of AIDP) and CIDP. CONCLUSION. Based on the results obtained, a method for the differential diagnosis of GBS and A-CIDP has been developed, which makes it possible to reasonably prescribe the necessary pathogenetic therapy.
Cerebral Venous Blood Flow in Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries: an Observational Case-Control Study
Authors:   Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Dzhurabekova A.T. , Eshimova Sh.K. ,   Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Akhmadeeva L.R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION. Ultrasound duplex and magnetic resonance study of arterial and venous sections of the vascular channel of the head and neck was performed in 88 patients, and it was shown that in degenerative diseases of the cervical spine along with changes in the arterial blood flow, changes in the regulation of venous circulation are indicative. AIM. To study the cerebral venous blood flow in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study of 88 patients with degenerative changes in the cervical spine were treated in the neurological department of the clinic of Samarkand Medical University from 2022 to 2024. Complex diagnostics using modern methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, rheoencephalography, Dopplerography of cerebral and cervical vessels was performed for each patient. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. A moderate noise in the head was detected in 63 (71.6%) patients, and accompanied by headaches. These additional symptoms not only complicated the clinical picture, but also required a more thorough diagnosis and individual approach to treatment. CONCLUSION. Thus, various disorders in the cervical spine cause changes in arterial blood flow and venous outflow regulation. Internal jugular vein dilation and decreased blood flow intensity are often associated with degenerative changes in the cervical spine.
История развития учения о коморбидности и коморбидной неврологии: от С.П. Боткина до наших дней
Authors:   National Association of Experts in Comorbid Neurology, Moscow, Russia, Usova I.A.
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the history of the development of the doctrine of comorbidity and comorbid neurology from S.P. Botkin to the present day. Special attention is paid to the development of a new research branch - comorbid neurology, which is based on the study of patients with concomitant neurological diseases and the development of comprehensive approaches to their treatment. Modern technologies such as artificial intelligence and neurolysis techniques are opening new horizons in diagnosis and treatment, allowing specialists to develop individualized therapeutic strategies. With the global increase in the incidence of neurological disorders, comorbid neurology provides valuable tools to improve patients' quality of life.
LITERATURA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: ressignificando experiências. Meu mundo, minha casa.
Authors: Sant'Ana da Costa Adriana Aparecida , Oliveira Daiane Cristina Maria de
Published: December 2024

Este texto tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de trabalho com a literatura realizada com turmas da Educação Infantil em uma escola da rede municipal de Juiz de Fora. A atividade fazia parte da proposta de trabalho final do curso Leitura e Escrita na Educação Infantil (LEEI). Durante a formação, ficou claro que o papel da Educação Infantil é abrir caminhos e gerar possibilidades de aprendizagem por meio de vivências significativas. O LEEI trouxe para nós a possibilidade de repensar e ressignificar nossas práticas no ambiente escolar, permitiu uma compreensão sobre a formação de leitores, que deve acontecer desde o trabalho com bebês nas creches. Esse olhar para o desenvolvimento infantil e para a formação leitora de bebês e crianças pequenas contribuiu para a compreensão do papel da escola, que vai além da elaboração e execução do planejamento, ao possibilitar a participação e protagonismo das crianças. E, nesse sentido, a literatura pode ser fundamental.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Da Silva Hilda
Published: December 2024

No ano de 2023, o curso Leitura e Escrita na Educação Infantil (LEEI) foi assumido como uma política de formação da rede municipal de Juiz de Fora, que financiou sua oferta a um público de mais de 500 profissionais: técnicas da secretaria de educação, coordenadoras pedagógicas, gestoras e professoras que atuavam em creches parceiras, escolas de educação infantil e turmas de educação infantil em escolas de ensino fundamental.
RECURSOS METODOLÓGICOS EM CIÊNCIAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura
Authors: Santos de Freitas Pedro Henrique , De Paula Paiva Samara Moreira
Published: December 2024

No processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Ciências no Ensino Fundamental, um dos principais itens a serem considerados são os recursos metodológicos, entendidos como os procedimentos utilizados para trabalhar os conteúdos em sala de aula, para que os estudantes possam construir os seus conhecimentos ao longo da trajetória escolar. Esse entendimento levou ao seguinte problema norteador desta pesquisa: “O que a revisão bibliográfica da literatura apresenta sobre os recursos metodológicos que têm sido utilizados no Ensino Fundamental para o trabalho na disciplina de Ciências?”. Assim, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa com o objetivo de se caracterizar os recursos metodológicos utilizados, dando ênfase nas vantagens de cada metodologia. Optou-se por uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura, elaborada por meio da pesquisa de artigos científicos. A revisão foi composta por três artigos, publicados entre 2017 e 2021, em escolas públicas e particulares de diferentes localidades do país. Constatou-se a utilização da Metodologia de Ensino de Construção de Vivências e a gamificação de sequências didáticas, em contraposição a métodos de ensino tradicionais, como o uso apenas do livro didático. Conclui-se que os resultados apresentados podem contribuir para a identificação de lacunas na prática docente em Ciências no Ensino Fundamental, além de suscitar novas pesquisas relacionadas ao tema.
EXPERIÊNCIA DE LEITURA LITERÁRIA: Léo e a Baleia
Authors: Narciso Dias Ana Cláudia
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho pretende compartilhar uma experiência vivenciada por 23 crianças entre três e quatro anos de idade de uma creche parceira do município de Juiz de Fora no ano de  2023. Trata-se de uma experiência de leitura literária com a obra Léo e a Baleia, texto e ilustração de Benji Davies, tradução de Marília Garcia, editora Paz & Terra. O livro foi escolhido considerando a qualidade textual, imagética e a temática discutida na obra.  A relevância deste trabalho, que foi realizado no âmbito do curso Leitura e Escrita na Educação Infantil-LEEI, está no fato de contribuir para a formação humana das crianças, auxiliar no desenvolvimento do gosto pela leitura e por histórias, ampliar o vocabulário, estimular o  lúdico e o faz de conta.
SARAUS COMO RECURSOS PEDAGÓGICOS NA EJA
Authors: Maciel Celia Rita
Published: December 2024

O trabalho com saraus, na EJA da Escola  Municipal  Antônio  Carlos  Fagundes,  tem  sido uma experiência  significativa para os alunos e, diante disso,  venho relatar alguns momentos  do projeto,  para que  possa servir de motivação para aqueles  que  buscam alternativas  possíveis para o ensino-aprendizagem de forma prazerosa.
PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS INCLUSIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: possibilidades, vivências e experiências
Authors: Xamutalala Renata
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho propõe apresentar um relato de experiência realizado em uma escola da rede municipal de Juiz de Fora sobre Práticas Pedagógicas Inclusivas na Educação Física: possibilidades, vivências e experiências, como o objetivo de pensar a inclusão nas aulas de Educação Física a fim de contribuir com a reflexão e realização de práticas pedagógicas inclusivas nesta área. Utilizamos como base a lei nº 9.394/96, que legaliza a Educação Física como componente curricular, a lei 13146 que institui a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência, os Parâmetros Nacionais Curriculares que trazem princípios da Educação Física. Utilizaremos também como referencial, a abordagem do Coletivo de Autores, e referencias de autores como Darido (1999 e 2012) que abordam as consequências de uma visão tradicional de Educação Física e as possibilidades de avançar para uma Educação Física mais abrangente que direcione a práticas inclusivas nesta área. Para a realização da ação educativa inclusiva, foi utilizada como estratégia as Metodologias Ativas, que tem como foco de ensino-aprendizagem o estudante e a interdisciplinaridade.  Para finalizar apresentamos apresentamos através de fotos as atividades realizadas e, ressaltando a importância de ações inclusivas na Educação.
COMO A JUVENTUDE CONCEBE OS SEUS PROCESSOS DE ESCOLARIZAÇÃO NA EJA DE JUIZ DE FORA?
Authors: Da Costa Netto Luciana
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo trazer um recorte das discussões apresentadas por esta pesquisadora na dissertação de Mestrado concluída em 2022, que versa sobre os processos de escolarização dos jovens na faixa etária de 15 a 29 anos que frequentam as turmas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) no município de Juiz de Fora, em Minas Gerais. A pesquisa se desenvolveu a partir da seguinte questão: Quais as perspectivas e os desafios dos processos de escolarização da juventude na EJA em Juiz de Fora? E trouxe como objetivos: identificar os processos de escolarização da juventude no referido município, considerando a inserção brasileira nas atuais condições do capitalismo, e analisar os desafios e as possibilidades destes processos de escolarização com vistas a sinalizar alguns pontos que possam subsidiar um futuro projeto de educação e de sociedade voltado para os interesses, trajetórias e expectativas da juventude trabalhadora, diferente do atual. A referida investigação partiu de uma abordagem materialista histórico-dialética e realizou, no percurso metodológico, uma pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e empírica de cunho crítico-analítico de publicações de livros, artigos e documentos, assim como uma análise sócio-histórica qualitativo-interpretativa, com entrevistas semiestruturadas com os educandos que frequentaram as turmas da referida modalidade da Educação Básica em escolas da rede pública municipal, estadual e federal. Buscou, nesse sentido, refletir e analisar a apropriação da juventude acerca de seus processos de escolarização levando em conta as suas condições materiais de existência, trajetórias e expectativas.
Superiority of Pathologic Lymph Node Ratio over Positive Lymph Node Count in Operated Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Urakçı Zuhat , Kaplan Muhammet Ali , Oruç Zeynep , Gümüş Mahmut , Uncu Doğan , Ebinç Senar , Özkan Metin , Geredeli Çağlayan , Elkıran Emin Tamer , Girgin Sadullah
Published: December 2024

AIM: In early-stage breast cancer, the axillary lymph nodes play a crucial role in determining the prognosis of the disease. The rate of lymph node involvement might be a more valuable prognostic factor than the number of positive lymph nodes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether the lymph node ratio (LNR) is a superior prognostic indicator compared to the pathologic lymph node count in early-stage disease.   
METHODS: We included 3053 non-metastatic, lymph node-positive breast cancer patients who were treated and followed at 6 medical oncology centers in Türkiye between 2004–2018. Based on LNR, patients were classified into three risk groups: high (>0.65), intermediate (0.21–0.65), and low (≤0.20).   
RESULTS: Classification of patients according to the TNM8 system based on the number of positive lymph nodes revealed that pathologic lymph node count (pN)1 accounted for 49.0% (n = 1495), pN2 for 30.0% (n = 917), and pN3 for 21.0% (n = 641). Based on the LNR risk group, the low-risk group accounted for 45.4% (n = 1385), intermediate for 36.2% (n = 1105), and high for 18.4% (n = 563) of the total patients. For the entire patient cohort, the 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) were 93% and 67%, respectively, while overall survival (OS) rates were 95% and 75%, respectively. The median DFS for patients with N1, N2, and N3 disease was 149 months (94.2–203.7), 120.1 months (108.2–132.0), and 81.8 months (68.4–131.1), respectively (p < 0.001). The median DFS for the three LNR risk groups (low, intermediate, and high risk) was 148.9 months (95.3–202.6), 118.7 months (99.9–137.7), and 81.8 months (68.2–95.3) respectively. Increasing LNR rate was an independent prognostic factor for DFS, according to multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the median DFS was 133 months for pathologic N1 patients in the LNR intermediate-high risk group, while the median DFS was not reached in patients with LNR and the pN2 low risk group (p = 0.034).   
CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the significance of LNR as a prognostic factor for DFS. The results show that in certain specific subgroups, LNR provides more information than pathologic lymph node counts.
The Effect of Early Scapular Training on Shoulder Joint Function after Surgery for Rotator Cuff Injuries: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yu Mingkun , Tang Zhifeng
Published: December 2024

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the impact of early scapular rehabilitation training in patients after rotator cuff injury. Furthermore, it sought to analyze the application of this approach in promoting surgical site healing and enhancing shoulder joint function recovery. 
METHODS: This retrospective study obtained the clinical data from 74 patients who underwent rotator cuff repair between July 2022 and June 2024. Patients were divided into two experimental groups: the control group (n = 35), including those who underwent routine rehabilitation exercises after rotator cuff repair, and the exposed group (n = 39), who received scapular training exercises. The patients were followed up and examined at 8 weeks and 16 weeks after surgery. The range of motion (adduction and abduction), shoulder muscle strength (adduction and abduction), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scales were compared between the two groups before rotator cuff repair. 
RESULTS: We observed that after 8 weeks of treatment-post-surgery, both the groups showed significant improvement in the range of motion (adduction and abduction) and the muscle strength (adduction and abduction) within the shoulder joint compared with those observed before treatment (p < 0.05). After 16 weeks of treatment, the range of motion (adduction and abduction) and shoulder muscle strength (adduction and abduction) further improved compared to those observed after 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05). After 8 weeks and 16 weeks of treatment, the  University of California shoulder joint scores in both groups were significantly better compared to those before treatment (p < 0.05), and the VAS score significantly decreased (p < 0.05), with the effects after 16 weeks of treatment being better than those observed after 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in the overall incidence of complications between the two groups (p > 0.05). 
CONCLUSIONS: Early scapular training, following rotator cuff injury, is beneficial in functional recovery of shoulder joint function, which improves rehabilitation outcomes and ultimately promotes patient prognosis.
Intraoperative Electroencephalogram Frontal Low Alpha Power for Predicting Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients after Orthopedic Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dai Yuchen , Shen Changli , Shi Kaikai , Liu Qingren , Qiu Xiaodong , Sun Jie
Published: December 2024

AIM: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication with significant adverse effects in elderly patients. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a promising approach for predicting the risk of POD. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between intraoperative EEG spectrum and the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. 
METHODS: A single-center prospective observational cohort study was conducted at Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, from September 2022 to March 2023, registered on Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (ChiCTR2300069548). Among the 172 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery, 125 completed the study with available data. Preoperative baseline cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). An intraoperative 4-channel EEG was recorded. Total power spectra and power spectral density for beta, alpha, theta, and delta bands were calculated. Spectral edge frequency, burst suppression ratio, and patient state index were directly extracted from the EEG monitor. The primary outcome was POD, assessed using a 3-minute Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)-Defined Delirium scale or the CAM for the Intensive Care Unit. Patients were divided into POD and non-postoperative delirium (non-POD) groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the independent predictive effect of intraoperative spectral distribution and other quantitative EEG data for POD. 
RESULTS: The incidence of delirium within 72 hours after surgery was 8.8%. Compared to the non-POD group, the POD group showed significantly lower absolute power in the beta [0.06 (0.03, 0.09) dB vs 0.14 (0.08, 0.26) dB, p < 0.001], alpha [0.41 (0.25, 0.71) dB vs 1.24 (0.55, 2.57) dB, p = 0.008], and theta [0.77 (0.44, 1.01) dB vs 1.19 (0.72, 2.02) dB, p = 0.035] bands. Logistic regression analysis identified several independent risk factors for POD, including lower intraoperative alpha power [odds ratio (OR) 10.210, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.233–84.568, p = 0.031], advanced age (OR 7.713, 95% CI 1.022–58.204, p = 0.048), preoperative anemia (OR 6.636, 95% CI 1.091–40.358, p = 0.040), and preoperative depression (OR 10.089, 95% CI 1.029–98.909, p = 0.047). In contrast, higher preoperative MMSE scores appeared to be a protective factor for POD (OR 0.130, 95% CI 0.021–0.820, p = 0.030). 
CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative EEG frontal low alpha power demonstrated a significant independent association with POD in elderly patients after orthopedic surgery. This parameter may serve as an intraoperative neurophysiological marker of cerebral vulnerability to POD. Additionally, advanced age, lower preoperative MMSE scores, preoperative anemia, and preoperative depression were independent risk factors for POD. 
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300069548).
Efficacy Analysis of Modified Single-Incision Surgery for Repair of Pediatric Chest Wall Defects: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Jinlong , Liu Xiaoying , Wu Yong , Zhang Rufang , Tao Qilin , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2024

AIM: This study aims to compare the efficacy of modified single-incision surgery with that of traditional modified Ravitch surgery for the repair of pectus excavatum in pediatric patients.   
METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included patients who underwent surgical correction for sternal depression from January 2015 to December 2020 across four major medical centers. Patients were categorized into two specific groups on the basis of the surgical technique employed: the modified single-incision surgery group, which comprised patients treated using the novel single-incision approach, and the traditional modified Ravitch surgery group, which included patients who received the conventional Ravitch surgery with multiple incisions. This study only included patients in the age range of 10 to 18 years, diagnosed with moderate to severe pectus excavatum, and lacked remarkable comorbid conditions that could influence surgical outcomes. Comprehensive data on preoperative characteristics, intraoperative variables, and postoperative results were collected for analysis.   
RESULTS: The modified single-incision surgery group showed significantly lower mean blood loss, mean operating time, mean hospital stay, postoperative drainage rate, postoperative mean Haller index and mean Haller index after bar removal compared to the traditional modified Ravitch surgery group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the surgical outcomes were significantly better in the modified single-incision surgery group (p = 0.010) than in the traditional modified Ravitch surgery group. The modified single-incision surgery group also had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative complications, including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pulmonary infection, bar rejection, and bar flipping and displacement (p < 0.05), than the traditional modified Ravitch surgery group. The modified single-incision surgery group showed significantly greater improvement in sternal depression depth compared to the traditional modified Ravitch surgery group (p = 0.031). Corrected symmetry was significantly better in the modified single-incision surgery group (p = 0.037). The overall satisfaction of patients in the modified single-incision surgery group was significantly higher than that in the traditional modified Ravitch surgery group (p = 0.011).   
CONCLUSIONS: The modified single-incision procedure for the treatment of pectus excavatum offers considerable advantages over the traditional modified Ravitch surgery. The findings of this study suggest that the modified single-incision procedure is a safe and effective alternative for the correction of pectus excavatum.
Enhancing Post-Surgical Wound Care in Anorectal Diseases: A Comparative Study of Advanced Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Architectures for Image Classification and Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qiaolan , Chen Zhaobo , Hu Shunfang , Bao Xinkun
Published: December 2024

AIM: Anorectal diseases, often requiring surgical intervention and careful post-operative wound management, pose substantial challenges in healthcare. This study presents a novel application of artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, aimed at improving the classification and analysis of post-surgical wound images. By doing so, it seeks to enhance patient outcomes through personalized and optimized wound care strategies. 
METHODS: This research utilizes convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and employs three advanced architectures—MobileNet, ResNet50, and Inception-v4—to detect and classify key characteristics of post-surgical wounds, including size, location, severity, and tissue type involved. Additionally, the study integrates Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) technology to provide interpretative insights into the decision-making processes of these algorithms, offering a deeper understanding of model predictions. 
RESULTS: The effectiveness of the employed CNN architectures was assessed based on accuracy, precision, and recall metrics. The findings demonstrate that Inception-v4, in particular, exhibits superior performance across all evaluated metrics, underscoring its potential in clinical applications. Grad-CAM visualizations further clarified the rationale behind the model's decisions, enhancing the interpretability of the results. 
CONCLUSIONS: The integration of machine learning technologies in the classification and analysis of wound images represents a significant advancement in medical image analysis and AI-driven healthcare solutions. This research not only enhances the technical capabilities of AI applications in healthcare but also improves the precision of post-operative care in anorectal surgery, ultimately contributing to better treatment outcomes.
Proliferative Myositis of the Breast in a Patient with Contralateral Phyllodes Tumor: A Unique Pseudomalignant Lesion
Authors: Kuş Silav Zuhal
Published: December 2024

AIM: We report a case of proliferative myositis (PM) of the breast, which is the second reported in the English literature. 
CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old woman underwent surgery due to a fibroadenoma in the right and phyllodes tumor in the left breast. One month after these surgeries, a right breast mass rapidly grew at the surgical site, and biopsy did not provide a diagnosis. The lesion's rapid growth and high cellularity led to a suspicion of malignancy, and the mass was surgically removed. The immunohistochemical markers used were estrogen receptor (ER), S100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, pan-cytokeratin, Myoblast Determination Protein 1 (MyoD1), myogenin, caldesmon, calretinin, CD34, Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK), P53, P63, and Ki67. A low Ki67 index and mitosis, lack of staining with rhabdomyosarcoma markers, and a typical checkerboard pattern ruled out malignancy. The diagnosis was PM. 
CONCLUSIONS: This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing pseudomalignant breast masses to avoid catastrophic overtreatment.
Nars Ako: An Autoethnography Before and During the COVID–19 Pandemic
Authors:   St. Paul University Iloilo, Pio Emerick John
Published: December 2024

This study is an autoethnographic investigation reflecting the personal narrative of being a nurse before and during the COVID–19 pandemic. Everyday life experiences as a nurse comprised the data generated. The self- narrative story was analyzed using Leininger’s phases of “Ethnonursing” data analysis for qualitative data. The experiences and stories of a nurse, entailing challenges, ways of coping and the impact of personal biographies, included behavioral, emotional, social, and spiritual factors. Four main themes were revealed: personal, professional, social and cultural, with subthemes in each. For personal, there were six (6) subthemes, professional, four (4), social, five (5), and spiritual, three (3). The life-journey of a nurse impacts personality development including love of God, neighbor, and oneself. The autoethnographic journey shows windows to understand the complex world of health, suffering, and dying. Revealing the self through personal experiences, exploring culture by careful use of deep self-reflection, and story craft of narration with analysis and cultural interpretation helped one to better understand oneself and one’s culture. The cultural insights help us to understand the deep sense of connectedness to each other in society and to our history. It is hard to find a silver lining to this pandemic. But, with the Filipino’s “Bahala Na” (God-willing) outlook in life, together with their deep reliance on Divine providence, they find God’s hands amid chaos and find something to smile about. And what we will discover is that, we still have each other with our stories to share. This autoethnographic study is fundamental to the community.
ҚОҒАМ ҚАЙРАТКЕРІ М.А. ИСЕНОВТІҢ ӨМІРІ МЕН ҚЫЗМЕТІ (1909-1992 ЖЖ.)
Authors: Ахметова Улжан , Айса Инабат
Published: December 2024

In the article, the activities of the state and public figure Mukhambet Aituovich Isenov, who worked in the western region of Kazakhstan for the formation of the country's economy in the period from 1937 to 1970, in the socio-political and social sphere, are taken into the territory of scientific research. The contribution of the person through his activities in the development of oil regions of Kazakhstan, the improvement of infrastructure and the role in improving the social situation of the region has become one of the most important factors affecting the formation of the Regional Economic Development Policy at the moment. Therefore, the study is one of the most relevant topics in the reconstruction of specific historical events in determining the ways of historical development of the country. The article aims to study the activities and life path of a public figure, which became the basis for the organization of the economy in the oil industry of Kazakhstan and the socio-economic development of the region. The socio-political activities of M. A. Isenov were evaluated from the point of view of a historical perspective. The research value of the work helps to restore the authenticity of our past by studying the history of historical figures who have contributed to the development of the economy of Kazakhstan. Studies related to the history of heavy industry and national economy in Kazakhstan and related to the history of the region can be used depending on the topics.
ШЕТ ЕЛДЕРДЕГІ ҚАЗАҚ ДИАСПОРАСЫНЫҢ ҚАЛЫПТАСУ КЕЗЕҢДЕРІ
Authors: Бижанова Алия
Published: December 2024

The proposed article is devoted to the problem of immigration in connection with some historical events of representatives of Kazakh nationalities to other countries. XIX-XX centuries, a large number of Kazakhs were forced to move outside their homeland. Basically, Kazakhs were forced to move to the east to China and Tibet, to the south to Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan, Turkmenistan, then to Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran and Turkey. After World War II, the Kazakh diaspora was formed in Western Europe and North America. According to some sources, at the moment the total number of Kazakhs in the world is 18 million people, meanwhile, more than 4 million Kazakhs live outside the territory of Kazakhstan, according to some data, about 2 million Kazakhs live in 14 states of the former USSR and 25 countries of the world. Of these, only more than 500 thousand represent a typical diaspora, the remaining 3.5 million people are Kazakh irredentists, that is, they live on the lands bordering Kazakhstan. . The irredent includes Kazakhs living in the regions of Russia bordering Kazakhstan, the Bayan-Ulgiy aimag and on the territory of the Mongolian Altai and the Khangai Mountains in Mongolia, the Kazakh autonomous counties of China, in Karakalpakstan and other cities of Uzbekistan. At the moment, it is necessary to study the historical and modern issues of the Kazakh diaspora and its heritage, because they are an integral part of the entire Kazakh people, have common historical and cultural roots, and their fate is closely connected with the fate of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
НАЦИОНАЛЬНО-ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОЕ РАЗМЕЖЕВАНИЕ СРЕДНЕЙ АЗИИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАРАКАЛПАКСКОЙ АВТОНОМНОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Джумашев Аскар
Published: December 2024

In the context of the complex ethno-cultural mosaic of Central Asia, it is highly relevant to examine the historical and political prerequisites of the national-territorial delimitation that took place in the region during the 20th century. The purpose of this article is to analyze this complex process during the early years of Soviet power when the foundations of state institutions and the administrative-territorial structure of the USSR were being established.
In this regard, the article focuses on revealing this process through the example of the formation of the Karakalpak Autonomous Region as a result of Soviet attempts to create stable administrative units based on the ethnic and cultural diversity of the region. Taking into account the ethno-territorial features of Karakalpakstan, determining its place and status within the future Soviet Central Asian region had its own specific characteristics and challenges. Examining and characterizing these aspects is also one of the objectives of this article.
Analyzing the significance of Karakalpakstan in the context of interethnic relations, the article emphasizes the need for further study of national-territorial delimitation in Central Asia to better understand contemporary regional policies and ethnic dynamics. Exploring the historical experience of this process using the principles of historicism, as well as systemic and comparative methods, provides an opportunity to identify the causes and prerequisites of subsequent events related to the issues of national-territorial construction in the former Soviet Central Asian republics.
СОХРАНЕНИЕ И АДАПТАЦИЯ ТРАДИЦИИ КАЗАХОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Ерназаров Жаскайрат , Атаканова Зульфия
Published: December 2024

This scientific-theoretical article provides a comprehensive analysis of the preservation and adaptation of Kazakh traditions in the context of globalization. The focus is on Kazakhstan's historical and cultural heritage, its importance in contemporary society, and the challenges posed by accelerating globalization processes. The article examines both the positive and negative impacts of globalization, such as the risk of cultural identity erosion, the simplification and commercialization of traditional practices, and the opportunities for utilizing digital technologies to preserve cultural heritage and foster intercultural dialogue. Strategies for adapting traditions are proposed, emphasizing the role of state policies, educational initiatives, mass media, and active involvement of civil society and local communities. Particular attention is paid to specific examples of successful adaptation, such as integrating Kazakh patterns into modern design, incorporating folk music elements into contemporary compositions, and reimagining national cuisine in innovative ways. The conclusion highlights the necessity of a comprehensive approach that unites the efforts of the government, educational institutions, civil society, and other stakeholders to preserve Kazakhstan’s unique culture as an essential part of its national identity and cultural heritage. The article underscores that only through collaborative efforts can traditions be effectively adapted and passed on to future generations.
1930 ЖЫЛДАРДЫҢ БАСЫНДАҒЫ АҚТӨБЕ ӨҢІРІНДЕГІ БОСҚЫНШЫЛЫҚТЫҢ ТАРИХЫ
Authors: Мәден Асылбек , Төкешов Нұрлан
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the study of the history of population migrations in the Aktobe region in the early 1930s. The forced migration of the Kazakh people during the early 1930s is one of the pressing issues in national history. The mass exodus of the Kazakh population was a direct consequence of the political and economic campaigns conducted by the Soviet government, followed by a devastating famine. The aim of the article is to examine the process of population migrations in this region and provide a historical assessment of the place and significance of these tragic years in the region's history. The study identifies the causes, progress, scale, and specific characteristics of the migration periods in the Aktobe region, the number of refugees, migration routes, the attitude of government bodies towards the famine and migrations, as well as the measures taken and their outcomes.
The article is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, adopting a national perspective. In the process of studying the causes, progression, and periodic features of the Kazakh migrations, the problem-chronological method was employed. Additionally, methods such as generalization, analysis, comparative-historical, historical-genetic, retrospective, and statistical approaches were used in the research. These methods helped to identify the causes of the migrations, their onset, peak, and conclusion, the scale of the migrations, the number of refugees, and the stance and policies of the government bodies. The conclusions drawn from this study are significant and can be applied to teaching the regional history.