bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Activity and Apoptosis Induction of Gold(III) Complexes Containing 2,2′-Bipyridine-3,3′-dicarboxylic Acid and Dithiocarbamates
Authors: Alhoshani Ali , Sulaiman Adam A. A. , Sobeai Homood M. As , Qamar Wajhul , Alotaibi Moureq , Alhazzani Khalid , Monim-ul-Mehboob Muhammad , Ahmad Saeed , Isab Anvarhusein A.
Published: June 2021

Three novel gold(III) complexes (1–3) of general composition [Au(Bipydc)(S2CNR2)]Cl2 (Bipydc = 2,2′-bipyridine-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid and R = methyl for dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC), ethyl for diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC), and benzyl for dibenzyldithiocarbamate (DBDTC)) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The spectral results confirmed the presence of both the Bipydc and dithiocarbamate ligands in the complexes. The in vitro cytotoxic studies demonstrated that compounds 1–3 were highly cytotoxic to A549, HeLa, MDA-231, and MCF-7 cancer cells with activities much higher (about 25-fold) than cisplatin. In order to know the possible mode of cell death complex 2, [Au(Bipydc)(DEDTC)]Cl2 was further tested for induction of apoptosis towards the MCF-7 cells. The results indicated that complex 2 induces cell death through apoptosis.
Chemical Modulation of the 1-(Piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-one Scaffold as a Novel NLRP3 Inhibitor
Authors: Gastaldi Simone , Boscaro Valentina , Gianquinto Eleonora , Sandall Christina F. , Giorgis Marta , Marini Elisabetta , Blua Federica , Gallicchio Margherita , Spyrakis Francesca , MacDonald Justin A. , Bertinaria Massimo
Published: June 2021

In the search for new chemical scaffolds able to afford NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, we used a pharmacophore-hybridization strategy by combining the structure of the acrylic acid derivative INF39 with the 1-(piperidin-4-yl)1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-one substructure present in HS203873, a recently identified NLRP3 binder. A series of differently modulated benzo[d]imidazole-2-one derivatives were designed and synthesised. The obtained compounds were screened in vitro to test their ability to inhibit NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis and IL-1β release in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells stimulated with LPS/ATP. The selected compounds were evaluated for their ability to reduce the ATPase activity of human recombinant NLRP3 using a newly developed assay. From this screening, compounds 9, 13 and 18, able to concentration-dependently inhibit IL-1β release in LPS/ATP-stimulated human macrophages, emerged as the most promising NLRP3 inhibitors of the series. Computational simulations were applied for building the first complete model of the NLRP3 inactive state and for identifying possible binding sites available to the tested compounds. The analyses led us to suggest a mechanism of protein–ligand binding that might explain the activity of the compounds.
Ochraceopyronide, a Rare α-Pyrone-C-lyxofuranoside from a Soil-Derived Fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis
Authors: Asmaey Mostafa A. , Abatis Dennis , Abdel-Razek Ahmed S. , Lambrinidis George , Chinou Ioanna , Fokialakis Nikolas , Tsafantakis Nikolaos , Shaaban Mohamed , Aligiannis Nektarios
Published: June 2021

The fungal strain was isolated from a soil sample collected in Giza province, Egypt, and was identified as Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis based on phenotypic and genotypic data. The ethyl acetate extract of the fungal strain exhibited promising activity levels against several pathogenic test organisms and through a series of 1H NMR guided chromatographic separations, a new α-pyrone-C-lyxofuranoside (1) along with four known compounds (2–5) were isolated. The planar structure of the new metabolite was elucidated by detailed analysis of its 1D/2D NMR and HRMS/IR/UV spectroscopic data, while the relative configuration of the sugar moiety was determined by a combined study of NOESY and coupling constants data, with the aid of theoretical calculations. The structures of the known compounds—isolated for the first time from A. ochraceopetaliformis—were established by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those in the literature. All isolated fungal metabolites were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as against three human pathogenic fungi.
Effect of Using Different Chemical Dispersing Agents in Grain Size Analyses of Fluvial Sediments via Laser Diffraction Spectrometry
Authors: Abdulkarim Mubarak , Grema Haruna M. , Adamu Ibrahim H. , Mueller Daniela , Schulz Melanie , Ulbrich Marius , Miocic Johannes M. , Preusser Frank
Published: June 2021

Laser diffraction spectrometry allows for efficiently obtaining high-resolution grain size data. However, pretreatment and dispersion of aggregates in sediment samples are essential pre-requisites for acquiring accurate results using this method. This study evaluates the effectiveness of five dispersing agents in deflocculating the investigated fluvial sediments and the resulting grain size distribution obtained by laser diffraction spectrometry. We also examine the ability of the different dispersing agents to deflocculate sediment samples treated by thermal combustion. Distilled water presented a low efficiency in deflocculating the samples and yielded a near-zero clay content for samples with an expected clay content. The other chemical dispersants were effective in dispersing aggregates and yielding clay, albeit with different efficiencies. Calgon had the highest dispersing ability, followed closely by sodium tripolyphosphate. The performance of chemical treatment with sodium oxalate approaches that of sodium tripolyphosphate. However, it leads to the formation of precipitates in the samples, obscuring the actual grain size data. Sodium pyrophosphate derived the least amount of deflocculation among the four chemical dispersants. Furthermore, all the chemical dispersants were found to be ineffective in dispersing aggregates in samples treated by thermal combustion.
Modeling, Control, and Optimization of Multi-Generation and Hybrid Energy Systems
Authors: Powell Kody M. , Mohammadi Kasra
Published: June 2021

As renewable energy technologies decrease in cost and become more prevalent, there is an increasing trend towards electrification of many energy systems [...]
Benzo[1,2,3]dithiazole Compounds: A History of Synthesis and Their Renewed Applicability in Materials and Synthetic Chemistry, Originating from the Herz Reaction
Authors: Nicholls Alexander J. , Baxendale Ian R.
Published: June 2021

The benzo[1,2,3]dithiazole is a unique heteroaromatic functionality whose conjugated profile instils some fascinating electronic properties. This has been historically recognized in the design and manufacture of organic dyes early last century. Although, with the benefit of increased diagnostic techniques and improved understanding, these structures are attracting greater attention in additional research settings, including applications as organic radicals and semiconductors. In addition, the benzodithiazole functionality has been shown to be a valuable synthetic intermediate in the preparation of a variety of other privileged aromatic and heteroaromatic targets, many of which are important APIs. In this review, the authors aim to critically analyse the potential applicability of these compounds to the fields of not only small-scale laboratory synthetic and medicinal chemistry but also commercial-scale processes and increasingly materials chemistry.
Strengthening the pharmacological potential of drug therapy in treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis by using therapeutic physical factors
Authors: Mallaeva R. M. , Makhinko A. N. , Uzdenov M. B.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to improve rehabilitation treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) at inpatient stage by strengthening pharmacological potential of drug therapy due to inclusion of therapeutic physical factors (TPF) in therapeutic programs. Materials and methods. 159 patients with acute CP were observed. By simple randomization, 4 groups were formed: the control group (MG, 39 people) received standard drug therapy; 1st comparison group (GC1; 38 people) additionally received TPF; GC2 (40 people) in addition to treatment in GC1 had drinking mineral water «Slavyanovskaya»; in main group (42 people) in addition to the treatment in GC2 got preformed peloidotherapy on the cervical-collar zone. All the patients underwent the evaluation of clinical score and quality of life before and after medical rehabilitation. Results. In MG, clinical symptomatology leveling was by 78,2% (p<0,01), in GC1 — by 71,5% (p<0,01), GC2 — by 62,3% (p<0,01), CG — by 57,2% (p<0,01) on average immediately after the treatment, which was in a clear correlation with indicators of quality of life. In the long term (in 6 and 12 months), the advantage of combination therapy was noted with the same validity, the preservation of the achieved positive result was mostly noted in the MG: after 6 months the improvement in physical health compared to the initial values was noted by 34,4% (p<0,01), after 12 months — by 24,0% (p<0,05); mental — by 32,3% (p<0,01) and 22,5% (p<0,05), respectively. In both comparison groups, positive dynamics was 10–12% lower, and in the control group, after 6 months, there was only a tendency to improve quality of life indicators. Conclusion. The inclusion of TPF in the programs of the inpatient stage of medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic pancreatitis by strengthening the pharmacological potential of drug therapy contributes to the leveling of clinical manifestations (abdominal pain, dyspepsia and diarrhea), the result of which is an improvement in the quality of life of this category of patients.
Children’s dermatology life quality index and family dermatology life quality index as criteria for the efficiency of physiorehabilitation of children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Koroleva T. V. , Ivanova I. I. , Filatova E. V.
Published: June 2021

Social maladjustment of children with atopic dermatitis, an increase in the number of cases of disability in pediatric practice, violation of intra-familial relations, rise in the level of anxiety of parents, in particular, of mothers, are closely associated with the formation of protracted recurrent forms. Educational programs for parents, traditional conservative treatment and hydrotherapy in combination with polychromatic polarized light and low-intensity laser blood irradiation significantly improve the quality of life of patients and their families, according to the corresponding indices.
Effect of selective intestinal decontamination on the incidence of postoperative wound complications and anastomosis insufficiency in colorectal surgery (literature review)
Authors: I. V. Mikhin I. V. Mikhin , Vorontsov O. F. , C. Graeb C. Graeb , Tolochyk V. V. , Natroshvili I. G. , Kosivtcov O. A. , Ryaskov L. A. , Kitaeva A. V.
Published: June 2021

The article provides a literary review of the fundamentals, role in clinical practice, and possibilities of selective perioperative intestinal decontamination. Aspects of prevention of postoperative wound complications and anastomosis insufficiency in colorectal surgery are analyzed. The key point is to reduce the number of certain bacterial strains that contribute to the development of exponential inflammation in the anastomosis zone. Modern schemes for the use of oral decontamination and their combination with intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis for the failure of anastomoses of the left half of the colon and rectum are considered.
Modern imagine methods in diagnostics of acute pancreatitis in clinical practice
Authors: Ahunova G. R. , Ahunova R. R.
Published: June 2021

Acute pancreatitis is one of the most frequent and formidable diseases, and rates as one of the most common disease in the structure of acute surgical pathology of the abdominal organs. In the last decade, there has been an increase in the proportion of necrotic forms of the disease with damage to various departments of the retroperitoneal space and a stably high mortality rate. The diagnostics problem of acute pancreatitis is still relevant due to difficulties that persist despite the possibility of a comprehensive examination of patients upon admission to the hospital and during treatment. This article presents a review of the literature, reflecting the state of the problem and aspects of diagnostic radiology of acute pancreatitis.
Pulmonary artery thrombosis as one of the crucial pathonorphological signs of COVID-19: results of 7 autopsies and literature review
Authors: Porembskaya О. Ya. , Pashovkina О. V. , Tsaplin S. N. , Schastlivtsev I. V. , Zhuravlev S. V. , Laberko L. A. , Rodoman G. V. , Kravchuk V. N. , Skvortsov A. E. , Sayganov S. A. , Lobastov K. V.
Published: June 2021

Pulmonary artery thrombosis is one of the crucial mechanisms of severe COVID-19 development. Histological examination reveals widespread microvascular thrombosis in 87 % and large branches pulmonary artery thrombosis in 13 % of deceased patients. Caused by viral and immune cytotoxic effect thrombotic lung vasculopathy appears to be the main trigger of pulmonary artery thrombosis. In this study we examined 7 lungs obtained from patients who died from COVID-19. Thrombotic lung vasculopathy was typical sign of all 7 lungs. Endothelial cell destruction, media fibrinoid necrosis, neutrophil and lymphocytic infiltrates of the arterial wall and perivascular tissues were the basic histological changes in the lung arteries of different diameters. All this fatal changes developed independently of the therapeutic and prophylactic anticoagulation.
Case of successful treatment of chronic post-sternotomy sternomediastinitis, sternum osteomyelitis
Authors: Kniazev E. A. , Deynega I. V. , Kravchuk V. N. , Kuznecov K. V. , Belikov A. V. , Skvortzov A. E. , Zemlyanoy V. P.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the case of successful treatment of chronic post-sternotomy sternomediastinitis with thoracomyoplasty with the right rectus abdominis muscle in a patient who underwent repeated interventions at the previous stages of treatment. The applied technique, the sequence of stages of treatment, and the result are described in detail.
Beef productivity of steers when feeding protein-vitamin-mineral additive and protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate
Authors: Uskov G. E. , Kostomakhin N. M. , Kulmakova N. I.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the work was to study the influence of protein-vitamin-mineral additive and protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate on the growth, development and meat productivity of steers. Studies have been carried out on the rearing of steers when using the protein-vitamin-mineral additive based on extruded soybean with bentonite in the preweaning period and the protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate (with urea concentrate) when fattening steers. During the first research and production experiment in the calves of the 1st experimental group 30 % and in the bovine calves of the 2nd experimental group 40 % milk replacer have been replaced with a protein-mineral-vitamin additive. At the beginning of the experiment the calves of all groups had almost the same live weight. Starting from the age of 1,5 months the growth of the animals of the experimental groups began to prevail over the control group. Thus, the bull calves of the 1st experimental group at 2 months of age were larger than the control ones by 5,1 %, by the end of the experiment their superiority was 7,6 % (P < 0,01). The total gain in live weight of the bull calves of the 2nd experimental group was 9,4 % higher (P < 0,001) than in the control group. During the second research and production experiment on the use of protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate the difference in feeding was that the steers of the experimental group consumed complete feed, which included protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate (with urea concentrate) and bentonite. The gain in live weight of calves for 5 months of experiment in the control group was 136,7 kg, and in the experimental group it was 11,4 % more. The expenditures of feed per 1 kg of gain in EFU were by 10,1 % lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. The level of profitability of beef production in the control group was 16,1 %, and in the experimental group it was 26,5 %, which was more by 10,4 abs.%.
An unit for fixation of small ruminants during veterinary treatments and the use of biophysical methods of exposure
Authors: Afanasyev М. , Shlykov S. , Kovalenko D. , Mastepanenko M.
Published: June 2021

Sheep breeding is a rapidly developing branch of animal husbandry, both in Russia and in other countries. Due to the growth of the number of small ruminants in Russia since the beginning of the XXI century, the number has increased by more than 7,5 million heads. The development and implementation of apparatuses and units that facilitate the work of agricultural workers is still relevant. When conducting veterinary treatments in animal husbandry a large amount of time is spent on catching and especially on fixation due to the fact that the animal is scared and is in a state of stress. In this state, the animal is able to injure itself and the employee, but when using the unit, which has been developed by us for fixation, these undesirable consequences can be avoided. Some technological manipulations for the treatment and care of farm animals, the employee is not able to carry out independently due to the peculiarities of the procedure. All this increases the cost of maintaining small ruminants. The proposed unit relates to the agricultural direction, in particular to machines for fixation small ruminants, and can be used to fix the trunk and head of young animals during veterinary treatments and the use of biophysical methods to stimulate the productivity of animals. The technical result that can be achieved with the help of the proposed device is reduced to high reliability, convenience of fixation the animal, reducing labour costs and improving the quality of veterinary treatments.
Improvement of integrated technology for pre-project territory assessment
Authors: Kharitonov A.A. , Chernykh M.A.
Published: June 2021

The authors propose a system of indicators for pre-project assessment of territories making it possible to choose territory organization taking into account the regularities of the functioning of individual ecological systems in socio-economic, natural-ecological and production-technological aspects.
The UN Security Council as an eff ective instrument for ensuring peace and security stability in Africa
Authors: Sidorova G.
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the activities of the UN in the African area: promoting the economic development of the UN states; combating international terrorism and organized crime; ensuring international security; preventing armed confl icts; strengthening cooperation of Member States in the fi ght against infectious and other dangerous diseases. The close attention of the UN Security Council to the political processes taking place on the African continent yields tangible results. Peacekeeping missions are being sent to hot spots in Africa. The military contingents of these missions, together with the army units of states, participate in the fi ght against militants of illegal armed formations, reduce the intensity of confl icts, help the civilian population to survive in a diffi cult military-political situation, as well as assist in the post-confl ict reconstruction of countries. Given the weakness and imperfection of the local armies, UN member states help to train the peacekeeping forces of African states. Russia, along with other states, is preparing Africans for peacekeeping activities through the Ministry of Internal Aff airs and the Ministry of Defense.
Modern color revolutions: from Belarus to Venezuela
Authors: Evstafiev D. , Manoilo A.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the evolution of modern technologies of color revolutions and the peculiarities of their hybridization (on the example of Venezuela and Belarus). The authors note that modern color revolutions are a combined (hybrid) technology that combines the classic Maidan, worked out during the fi rst and second color revolutions in Ukraine (in 2004–05 and 2013–14); the latest technologies of confl ict mobilization (for an initially non-political agenda), developed during several “electromayans” in Armenia; technologies of communication and coordination of the activity of protest groups, taken from the organizers of mass protests in Hong Kong (2019–20); and technologies of organizing a coup d'état that almost put an end to the existence of the Chavist regime in Venezuela in 2019.
Economic diplomacy of Central American states towards key extraregional partners
Authors: Torshin M. , Gerasimova Y.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the economic diplomacy of Central American states towards key extraregional partners, namely the USA, the EU and the PRC. The features of these relations and existing problems and challenges are revealed. The positive dynamics of the economic cooperation and adverse impact on the social and economic development of the Central American countries are traced.
POLYMORPHISM OF BETA-CASEIN GENE IN THE KHOLMOGOR CATTLE BREED
Authors: КАЛАШНИКОВА Л.А. , ПРОЖЕРИН В.П. , ХАБИБРАХМАНОВА Я.А. , ПАВЛОВА И.Ю. , ГАНЧЕНКОВА Т.Б. , ЯЛУГА В.Л.
Published: June 2021

Исследован полиморфизм гена β-казеина (CSN2) у холмогорской породы крупного рогатого скота (169 коров, 101 бык) из хозяйств Архангельской области и Республики Коми. Анализ ДНК проводили методом ПЦР с искусственно созданным сайтом рестрикции (ACRS). В стадах холмогорского скота Республики Коми частота аллеля А2 варьировала от 0,412 до 0,599, в целом преобладал аллель А2 гена β-казеина с частотой 0,557. Половина животных (49%) имела гетерозиготный генотип, 20% — обладали гомозиготным генотипом А1А1 и 31% — являлись гомозиготными по аллелю А2 β-казеина. В стадах холмогорского скота Архангельской области частота аллеля А2 была в целом ниже, чем в Республике Коми (0,466). Чаще встречался аллель А1 β-казеина (0,534). Большинство особей (45%) имели гетерозиготный генотип, 31% животных имели гомозиготный генотип А1А1 и 24% — А2А2. Показатель частоты встречаемости аллеля А2 в различных стадах Архангельской области отличался высокой степенью вариабельности от 0,238 до 0,692. Анализ полученных данных свидетельствует о том, что частота встречаемости аллелей и генотипов β-казеина в значительной степени зависит от особенностей ведения селекционно-племенной работы в хозяйстве.

The polymorphism of the beta-casein (CSN2) gene was studied in the Kholmogor breed of cattle (169 cows, 101 bulls) from the farms of the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic. DNA analysis was performed by PCR with an artificially created restriction site (ACRS). In the herds of Kholmogor cattle of the Komi Republic, the frequency of the A2 allele varied from 0.412 to 0.599, in general, the A2 allele of the β-casein gene prevailed with a frequency of 0.557. Half of the animals (49%) had a heterozygous genotype, 20% had a homozygous A1A1 genotype, and 31% were homozygous for the A2 β-casein allele. In the herds of Kholmogor cattle of the Arkhangelsk region, the frequency of the A2 allele was generally lower than in the Komi Republic (0.466). The A1 allele of β-casein was more common (0.534). The majority of individuals (45%) had a heterozygous genotype, 31% of animals had a homozygous genotype A1A1 and 24% — A2A2. The frequency of occurrence of the A2 allele in various herds of the Arkhangelsk region was characterized by a high degree of variability from 0.238 to 0.692. The analysis of the obtained data shows that the frequency of occurrence of alleles and genotypes of β-casein largely depends on the peculiarities of conducting breeding work on the farm.
Sobre o sonho (1901)
Authors: Freud Sigmund , Carone André
Published: June 2021

Sigmund Freud, Sobre o sonho (1901).
Tradução, apresentação e notas de André Medina Carone.
Reşit Asım Baran’ın "Söylemeli mi"? Adapte Eseri Üzerine Odaklanan Tartışmalar
Authors: KEFLİOĞLU Engin , ARDALI BÜYÜKARMAN Didem
Published: June 2021

Türk tiyatro tarihinde ödenekli ilk tiyatro olarak kurulan Dârülbedâyinin, İstanbul Şehir Tiyatrosuna dönüşmesiyle kurumsallaşma çabaları hızla gelişme göstermiştir. Cumhuriyetin ilanı ile birlikte özellikle batılı anlamda bir tiyatro ve modern anlamda bir tiyatro topluluğu olma çalışmaları, kurumsal kimlik oluşturma çabaları ile beraber gelişmiştir. 1927 yılında Muhsin Ertuğrul’un Dârülbedâyinin başına getirilmesiyle başlayan birtakım gelişmeler tiyatronun ilerlemesi adına heyecan verici olmuştur. Bu çalışmalar kanun ve yönetmeliklerle dönemin hükümeti tarafından desteklenmiştir. Modern bir tiyatronun ihtiyacı olan dekor, ışık, sahne ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ve batının klasik eserlerinin sahnelenme gayretleri memnuniyetle izlenmiştir. Önemli bir diğer değişiklik de edebi heyetin Dârülbedâyi’den 1928-1929 sezonunda kaldırılması olmuştur. Bu kurumsallaşma ve modernleşme çabaları içinde 1931 yılında Dârülbedâyi ismi alınan bir kararla Şehir tiyatrosuna dönüştürülmüştür. Şehir tiyatrosunun bu seyr-u sülûkunda, birtakım istenmeyen tartışma mecraları da oluşmuştur. Bu durum gelişme aşaması içinde olan tiyatroyu gereksiz şekilde yormuştur. Tartışmalar; edebi heyetin kaldırılması, kurumun oyun seçimi, tercüme eserler ve adapte eserler ile ilgili tutumdan hareketle başlayıp, şahsileşip, sonrasında da hakaret ve tehdit içeren dava konularına kadar gitmiştir. Tartışmaların kamuoyu önünde olması da kurumu, kendini müdafaa etme mecburiyetinde bırakmıştır. Kamuoyu önünde yapılan bu tartışmalar, mahkeme aşamasına gelip tarafların ceza almalarına sebebiyet verdiği gibi mahkeme aşamasına gelmeden basın önünde yapılıp kendi mecrasında sona erenleri de olmuştur. Bu tartışmalardan biri de Reşit Asım Baran (bir nevi şehir tiyatrosunun resmi görüşü) ile Halit Fahri Ozansoy’un taraf olduğu grubun yapmış olduğu tartışmadır. Türk tiyatrosuna önemli katkıları olan Reşit Asım Baran’ın yaşam öyküsü çerçevesinde, tiyatro ile ilgili çalışmalarına değinilerek, aynı zamanda mezun olduğu Galatasaray Lisesinden hocası Halit Fahri Ozansoy ile Söylemeli mi? adlı (kendi adaptasyonu olan) oyunun etrafında 1945 senesinde gelişen tartışmaların kökeni ve nihayetlenmesi üzerinde durulacaktır.
HİRA MAĞARASI'NI AYDINLATAN NUR
Authors: ARSLAN İhsan
Published: June 2021

Yeryüzünde insanların yaşamaya başlamasıyla birlikte Yüce Allah, insanları karanlıktan aydınlığa çıkarmak, onlar arasında adaleti gerçekleştirmek, onları müjdeleyip uyarmak ve kendilerine rehberlik yapmak amacıyla peygamberler göndermiştir. Peygamberlik halkasının sonuncusu olan Hz. Muhammed zaman içerisinde şirkin merkezi haline gelen Mekke’de dünyaya gelmiştir. O, Arap Câhiliye toplumunda yetişmesine rağmen erdem, fazilet ve ahlak gibi üstün insanî vasıflarıyla ön plana çıkmıştır. Beklemediği bir esnada Ramazan ayında ilk vahiy tecrübesini yaşayan Hz. Peygamber şaşkınlık içerisinde evine gelmiş ve başından geçenleri eşine anlatmıştır. Bu olağanüstü durum karşısında olanları anlamlandıramayan Resûlullah, Hz. Hatice tarafından teskin edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Cebrâil ile karşılaşan Hz. Peygamber’in ilk vahyi nerede ve nasıl aldığı, ilk gelen âyetlerin Alak sûresinde mi, Müddesir sûresinde mi olduğu tartışılmıştır. Temel kaynaklar ışığında yapılan incelemede Allah Resûlü’nün Nur Dağı Hira mağarasında melekle karşılaştığı, insanî bir refleks olarak korkup endişeye kapılınca mağaradan hemen uzaklaşarak evine doğru Cennetü’l-me’vâ denilen yerden geçerken son ağacın yanına yani Sidre-i Müntehâ’ya gelince Alak sûresinin ilk beş âyetine muhatap olarak vahye mazhar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Stravinsky's Music Library in the Context of His Biography and Work (Based on Archival Materials From PauL Sacher Foundation)
Authors: Баранова-Монигетти Татьяна
Published: June 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследования нотной коллекции из личной библиотеки И. Ф. Стравинского, хранящейся в Фонде Пауля Захера (Базель). Собрание это представляет особый интерес как творческая лаборатория Стравинского - композитора, пианиста, дирижера. Многие экземпляры содержат дарственные надписи и пометки на полях. Издания произведений самого Стравинского с корректурами и примечаниями автора дают ценную информацию об особенностях его композиционного процесса. Нотные источники рассмотрены в статье в контексте биографии и творчества композитора, с привлечением сведений из мемуаров, корреспонденции, музыковедческой литературы. Разделы статьи отражают структуру собрания.

This article presents the results of a study of the music score collection from Stravinsky's personal library, which is kept at the Paul Sacher Foundation in Basel. This collection is of particular interest as the creative laboratory of Stravinsky-a composer, pianist, conductor. Many copies have dedications, inscriptions and marginalia. The scores of Stravinsky's own works, with corrections and notes by the author, provide important information about his compositional process. Music scores from Stravinsky's library are considered in the context of his biography and work, using information from correspondence, memoirs and secondary literature. The sections of the article reflect the specifics of Stravinsky's collection.
FEN BİLGİSİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ BİYOETİK EĞİTİMİYLE İLGİLİ UYGULAMA VE GÖRÜŞLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: BAKAR Elif
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının, derslerde biyoetik konularının öğretiminin gerekli olup olmadığına, biyoetik konularının ele alındığı derslerde karşılaşılabilecek sorunlara ve bu sorunların çözümüne yönelik uygulama ve görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada tek grup öntest-sontest araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Bunun için üçüncü sınıflardan toplam 80 öğretmen adayı ile uygulama yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sırasında biyoetik öğretimi konusunda öğretmen adaylarının aktif katılımını gerektiren öğrenci merkezli öğretim etkinlikleri düzenlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Biyoetik Görüşme Formları” ve “Biyoetik Eğitimi Değerlendirme Anketi” kullanılmış, ayrıca öğretmen adaylarından bazıları ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler için nitel ve nicel analiz birlikte yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlardan bazıları; öğretmen adaylarının etiğin öğretilebilir olduğunu düşündüğü ve biyoetik eğitiminin gerekli olduğuna inandıkları, biyoetik konularına farklı açılardan bakmanın önemini kavradıkları ve biyoetik konularının derslerde ele alınması sırasında karşılaşılabilecek sorunlar konusunda bilinçlenip bu konuda çeşitli öneriler yaptıkları şeklindedir.
İNGİLİZCE ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN COVID-19 KÜRESEL SALGINI SÜRECİNDE GERÇEKLEŞTİRDİKLERİ UZAKTAN EĞİTİM DENEYİMLERİYLE İLGİLİ GÖRÜŞLERİNİN METAFORLAR YOLUYLA BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: CANTÜRK Gökhan , CANTÜRK Aslıhan
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 küresel salgını tüm alanlarda etkili olduğu gibi eğitimde de okulların kapatılmasına ve öğretim süreçlerinde uzaktan eğitimin tüm kademelerde kullanılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çerçevede gerçekleştirilen araştırmayla İngilizce öğretmenlerinin Covid-19 küresel salgını sürecinde gerçekleştirdikleri uzaktan eğitim deneyimlerinin metaforlar yoluyla belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgu bilim çalışması niteliğindedir. Araştırmaya ilkokul, ortaokul, Anadolu lisesi, meslek lisesi ve halk eğitim merkezinde görevli elli üç İngilizce öğretmeni çevrim içi form doldurarak katılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarıyla gerçekleştirdikleri ders anlatımıyla ilgili yaptıkları metaforlarda etkileşim sorunu en fazla ifade edilen konu olmuştur. Öğretmenlerin uzaktan öğrenme ortamlarını salgın döneminde bir gereksinim olarak tanımlaması araştırmaya dair önemli başka bir konu olmuştur. Öğretmenlerin bir kısmı (%30,19) uzaktan eğitimde sınıf yönetimini kolay bulurken bir diğer kısmı (%24.53) zor bulmuştur. Öğretmenler, uzaktan eğitimin öğrenciler için erişim ve disiplin sorunu getirdiğini belirtmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre İngilizce öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim derslerinde Zoom yazılımını ve MEB’in EBA Canlı Ders uygulamasını daha fazla kullandığı görülmüştür.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG DAUN BELIMBING MANIS (Averrhoa carambola L.) SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI PAKAN KELINCI TERHADAP PERFORMA KELINCI HYLA HYCOLE
Authors: Rinanto Aldo Ulva , Opi Ari Kustanti Nita , Widigdyo Anang
Published: June 2021

Research data collection was carried out from 12 June to 24 July 2019 at Ridho Rabbitry farm, Nglegok sub-district, Blitar district, East Java. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of sweet starfruit leaf flour (Averrhoa carambola L.) as a substitute for peanut skin on body weight gain and feed conversion of rabbit hyla hycole. The research material used 24 hyla hycole rabbits aged 12 weeks were used in this study with rabbit body weights 1900-2550 g/head, which were divided into four treatments and three replications. Experimental design with Randomized Block Design (RBD). The results showed that the average treatment, namely P0, P1, P2 and P3, respectively for feed consumption 127.33; 128.67; 124.67 and 128.33 (grams/head/day), weight gain 69.17; 80.00; 69.17 and 118.33 (grams/head/week), feed conversion 13.47; 11.30; 12.01 and 7.60.The results of this studies shows that the use of sweet starfruit leaf flour (Averrhoa carambola L.) as a substitution of peanut shells to a level of 15% has no significant effect (P> 0.05), but can affect the performance of hyla hycole rabbits including consumption feed, weight gain and feed conversion and do not have a negative impact on rabbits so that sweet starfruit leaf flour (Averrhoa carambola L) can be used as a substitute for peanut shells.
ANALISA EFISIENSI BIAYA PEMBERIAN TEPUNG BAWANG PUTIH TERHADAP PERFORMA BURUNG PUYUH PADA FASE LAYER
Authors: Nur Wahyudi Ahmad Husaifi , Ghozali Ahmad Rofiq , Moes Edya Moelya
Published: June 2021

This aims of the study is to analysed the effects of addition garlic powder in diet of quail. Data experiment were held on 1 th August – 15 th September 2017 at Ghozali Farm, Nglegok subdistric, Blitar regency. Two hunbred fourty quail age 6 to 7 months were used in this study. A randomized completely design was applied with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consists of P0: controls, P1:  0,2% addition garlic powder, P2: 0,4% addition garlic powder and P3: 0,6% addition garlic powder.The variance observed IOFC. The conclusion based on the result were : the treatment significant on IOFC and Return Cost Ratio. Its suggested to use 0,2% addition of garlic powder on quail ration.
ANALISIS REPRODUKSI KELINCI PERSILANGAN NEW ZEALAND WHITE DI KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Rahayu Putri , Widyasworo Agustina , Ari kustanti Nita opi
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the reproduction of rabbit crosses in Blitar. The method used analysis quantitative descriptive the purpose is to describe the file. The research describe,deviation standart, highest and lowelst values. This research material uses rabbit crosses with the same maintenance and feeding systems that have at least given birth to litter size, service per conception, and birth interval.

The results obtained from this study to show an average  litter size of 6 owned, service per conception of 2 times marriage and birth interval 2 months.
ANALISIS REPRODUKSI KELINCI PERSILANGAN NEW ZEALAND WHITE DI KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Nianto Zida Trisna , Moeis Edya Moelia , Widyasworo Agustina
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted at UD. Sultoni partner farms in Blitar district. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that could support mastitis in UD. Sultoni partners. This research is expected to be an input for farmers to overcome mastitis. The research material uses UD. Sultoni partner dairy cows with a total of 64 eco-lactation dairy cows from partner farmes UD. Sultoni.  The method used in this study is a survey through gathering interview information and observations from a sample. The results of this study indicate that there is a influence on the variables of milk production, age of cattle, floor cleanliness, and dipping on mastitis. Whereas the lactation month shows a positive influence of mastitis.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG AMPAS TAHU TERHADAP UJI ORGANOLEPTIK NUGGET AYAM
Authors: Nuredy Andrian , Ari kustanti Nita opi , Lestari Dhenok Wahyu
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted in the laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry at Balitar Islamic University.The purpose of this study is to know the result of the addition of pulp flour tofu to organoleptic test (smell, texture, color and flavor).The benefits of this research is the author hopes can be an input for the reader about chicken nuggets with the addition of pulp flour tofu as a good food, there are animal proteins and vegetable proteins. Increase the value of pulp know as a product of nugget. The material used is a nugget with the addition of pulp flour tofu 0%, 7.5%, 12.5%, and 17.5%. The method used is experimentation, with this study there are variable control and variable experiments as a reference between the initial state and the status of the treatment.The results of this study indicate a very real effect on the smell and taste of chicken nuggets by adding tofu pulp. the preferred odor of nuggets is the P0 treatment (0% tofu waste flour), while the color of the nugget favored by the panelists is the P1 treatment (7.5% tofu waste flour). Significantly different in texture with P0 and P3 (0% and 17.5% tofu pulp) and not significantly different in the color of chicken nuggets with the addition of tofu pulp with the most preferred treatment was P1 (7.5% tofu pulp)
PERBEDAAN JENIS PAKAN TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT BADAN DAN MORTALITAS KELINCI DI KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Nanda Vito Setia , Ari kustanti Nita opi , Widyasworo Agustina
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted to determine the weight gain and mortality of rabibits with different types of feed. The method used is proposive sampling by participating in direct observation and being actively involved in this farming activity, especially those releted to the analysis of meat rabbit production located in Blitar Regency. From the results of research conducted on 30 rabbits, the difference in body weight gain between the first treatment using concentrate and the second treatment using forage had a significant difference. By using concentrate feed, three was a mortality of 0.15 during maintenance. Whereas in the treatment using forage, there was a mortality of 0.36. Body weight gain in rabbits treated with concentrate feed experienced a significant rate of increase. From the results of the research conducted, different types of feed have an effect on weight gain and mortality of rabbits
Pengaruh Medium Tumbuh Pada Pertumbuhan Biomassa Wolffia schleidenii Miq dan Kandungan Nutrisi Sebagai Bahan Pakan ternak
Authors: Wahyu Utama Adiguna Sasama , Widigdyo Anang
Published: June 2021

This research aims to study the best medium for growing W. schleidenii and their nutrient contents. Different media were used to optimize the growth of W. schleidenii. Those used media were consisted of cow manure fertilizer with concentration of 5 g/l, 2.5 g/l, 1 g/l, goat manure fertilizer of 5 g/l, 2.5 g/l, 1 g/l, synthetic fertilizer of 100%, 75%, 50%, liquid ammonia wastes of 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 25 ppm and the water from poluted river. Spring water is used as a control medium. The parameters were biomass growth and the containt of nutrients. The results showed that the best growth of W. schleidenii occurred in the media of cow manure fertilizer of 2.5 gr/l. The plant could not grow well in the synthetic fertilizer and liquid ammonia wastes. It was found the nutrient contents of W. schleidenii were 74,26% of protein, 12,36% of carbohydrates, 1,54% of lipid, and 11,84% of crude fiber. Thus it is possible to consider this plant as resource of protein for feeding.
PERBEDAAN PEMBERIAN ONGGOK TERFERMENTASI Trichoderma viride TERHADAP PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER (Gallus domesticus sp)
Authors: Ajibah Binti Nur , Winurdana Alfan Setya , Sudani Eddy Trijana
Published: June 2021

This research was aimed to determine different use tapioca by product fermentated with Trichoderma viride of Super Native Chicken production which includes Feed Covertion Ratio and Indeks Performance. In this research, used 120 super-native chickens aged 28 days. The method is an experimental with observation techniques. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatment used in this study P0 (treatment without the addition of tapioca by product fermentated), P1 (treatment with addition of 25% of tapioca by product fermentated), P2 (treatment with addition of 50% of tapioca by product fermentated), P3 (treatment with addition of 75% of tapioca by product fermentated. The results of the research data show that the use of tapioca by product fermentated in Super Native Chicken rations did not have a significant effect (P >0.05) on the Feed Convertion Ratio and Indeks Performance. On the Feed Convertation Ratio with the lowest value in the treatment P0 of 4.17 gr/bird and on the Indeks Performance with the highest value in the treatment P1 of 60.85. The conclusion of this study is the use of tapioca by product fermentated can be given up to 25%  in the feed as a substitute
Ensayos de reformulación del proyecto comunista en la obra tardía de Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez
Authors: Blanco Gonzalia Sergio
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación propone una reflexión acerca de la reformulación del proyecto comunista que el filósofo hispano-mexicano Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez ensayó en su obra tardía. Para ello se apela a las consideraciones de Gerald Cohen en torno a las tendencias que tradicionalmente el marxismo consideró obraban a favor de la igualdad: el desarrollo irrefrenable de las fuerzas productivas y el ascenso indetenible de la clase trabajadora. El modo en que Sánchez Vázquez consideró estos problemas ofrece pistas de los desafíos normativos que enfrenta el marxismo.
Un día con más de 24 horas. Temporalidades histórico-literarias en una jornada de marzo de 1976
Authors: Fonsalido María Elena
Published: June 2021

El trabajo propone, a partir del concepto de distanciamento de Ricardo Piglia para las narraciones del siglo XXI, y de las nociones benjaminianas de tiempo-ahora, constelación saturada de tensiones y pasaje de cepillo a contrapelo de la historia,  indagar en los relatos que rememoran el 24 de marzo de 1976. Para ello se basa en tres textos publicados en Golpes. Relatos y memorias de la dictadura, libro editado por Miguel Dalmaroni y Victoria Torres  a 40 años del golpe de estado argentino,  que evocan “el trauma colectivo que nunca  más dejará de interpelarnos” desde la perspectiva de escritores argentinos nacidos entre 1957 y 1973.
Phenomenology of Employee Income Tax Policies during the Covid-19
in Indonesia
Authors: Prawira Ida Farida Adi , Zulhaimi Hanifa
Published: June 2021

Objective - Covid-19 is a disaster that impacts various sectors of life, one of which has an impact on a country's tax revenue. Tax incentives are one of the policy steps that the Indonesian government has taken to face the economic strike due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the implementation of employee income tax policies during the Covid-19.

Methodology/Technique - This is a qualitative research using an interpretive paradigm with phenomenological methods. The data of this study are the results of observations and interviews with Corporate Taxpayers, Tax Experts, and Tax Officers. Based on the results of the interview, there are several factors that affect taxpayers' willingness to take advantage of this policy, including the ease of submitting incentives, certainty not to be audited, and not adding to the company's burden.

Findings - Employers take advantage of this incentive, namely the company has an interest in maintaining the internal stability of the company. The provision of this incentive will increase (at least maintain) the purchasing power of workers and create a conducive business atmosphere. So, it is true that entrepreneurs will flock to take advantage of this facility.

Novelty - This policy is expected to reduce the burden on business activities and help improve the condition of the company's cash flow, particularly during and after the epidemic. Thus, the company is expected not to terminate employment. If this condition occurs, there is potential for the national economy to keep moving, both in terms of production and consumption.

Type of Paper - Empirical.

Keywords: Employee Income Tax; Tax Policy; Tax Incentive; Covid-19

JEL Classification: H24, H29.

URI: http://gatrenterprise.com/GATRJournals/AFR/vol6.1_3.html

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2021.6.1(3)

Pages 69 – 77
REST and GraphQL comparative analysis
Authors: Margański Piotr , Pańczyk Beata
Published: June 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the two most commonly used API web design standards - REST and GraphQL. The time and size of HTTP responses returned by applications were tested. Two applications with the same functionalities, performing CRUD operations, on data stored in the non-relational MongoDB database were used for the research. Both applications were based on NodeJS technology. The JMeter tool was used to collect and analyze the data. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that there were no significant differences in reading the data with a small number of queries and when removing resources. With the increase in the number of queries, a clear advantage of the REST standard was observed. The advantage of GraphQL, both in response time and size, was demonstrated when retrieving specific data.
Comparative analysis of performance of ASP.NET Core MVC and Symfony 4 programming frameworks
Authors: Górski Marcin , Piwowarski Wojciech Andrzej , Dzieńkowski Mariusz
Published: June 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of popular ASP.NET Core MVC and Symfony 4 frameworks. Two web applications, containing the same functionalities and acting as a simple system for managing articles, were implemented in these technologies. The applications underwent time performance tests during typical operations performed by means of a simple form such as entering, editing, viewing and deleting data. These actions were performed automatically using commands from the Puppeteer library. The listed operations were repeated 10, 100 and 1,000 times in order to obtain precise mean times. On the basis of the obtained results, it was difficult to clearly state which of the compared programming tools is better. The ASP.NET Core MVC framework coped much better with two time-consuming operations, i.e. entering and editing data. Its results in this regard (the average from 1,000 repetitions) were respectively approximately 28% and 25% better compared to the Symphony 4 framework. However, for the two less time-consuming operations, i.e. displaying and deleting articles, the Symphony 4 framework proved to be considerably better. Its results with regard to displaying and deleting articles (the average for 1,000 measurements) were respectively 15% and 36% lower compared to the other of the tested frameworks.
Performance analysis of Svelte and Angular applications
Authors: Białecki Gabriel , Pańczyk Beata
Published: June 2021

The aim of this article is to check if the Svelte-based client part of a web application is more effective than the standard Angular approach. The article presents a comparison of page components rendering times on the basis of two test applications prepared in both frameworks. For the performance tests, scenarios were prepared in which the times of adding and removing a different number of page components were examined. Application tests were performed using the Selenium Webdriver package. The research results clearly showed that the new approach used for DOM manipulation (Svelte v.3.0) is more efficient than the standard solution used in Angular applications (v.10.2).