bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial emergencies in neurosurgical oncology: pathophysiology and clinical management
Authors: Faraj Christina Abi , Snyder Rita I. , McCutcheon Ian E.
Published: December 2022

Intracranial tumors pose a challenge in neurosurgery, especially when patients present emergently or require emergency surgery. Tackling an acute change in the patient’s mental status is the primary reason for seeking an emergency surgery in the setting of an intracranial tumor. In addressing tumor-related complications, the aim of surgery is to relieve elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), confirm a diagnosis, improve or stabilize function, and extend the patient’s life by preventing herniation.

Tumors and peritumoral edema form a space-occupying lesion that causes mass effect on nearby structures and elevates ICP. Surgical management involves (1) external ventricular drain (EVD) placement to monitor ICP, lower the volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and temporarily treat intracranial hypertension, (2) resection of the space-occupying mass responsible for the rise in ICP, and (3) in some patients, decompressive craniectomy (DC). Patients with brain tumors may also present with hydrocephalus due to the tumor’s obstructing CSF flow or disrupting CSF absorption. Tumors also cause tumor-associated epilepsy (TAE) and status epilepticus (TASE). TASE is a life-threatening condition characterized by an abnormally prolonged generalized seizure (or a chain of multiple seizures) without recovery of consciousness to baseline. Time is of the essence when managing TAE and TASE, and surgical resection of the tumor-associated epileptogenic focus can be curative. Brain tumors and their treatment can also provoke ischemic stroke, intratumoral hemorrhage, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis depending on their location. Hemorrhagic infarction of pituitary adenomas leading to rapid expansion of the sellar region and acute pituitary gland dysfunction is known as pituitary apoplexy. Here, optimizing the patient’s hemodynamic status and treating adrenal insufficiency are crucial upon presentation. Emergency surgical resection plays an important role in saving nearby neurovascular entities when conservative treatment proves inadequate. Finally, infections of the central nervous system (CNS) occur as a result of immunologic compromise caused by the tumor itself or by its treatment.

In conclusion, in severe and rapidly progressing cases in which the patient presents with altered mental status and neurologic deficits, an emergency neurosurgical procedure is indicated for removal of the cause(s) of the excess ICP, protection of brain function, and monitoring of ICP.
Improving multiwell petrophysical interpretation from well logs via machine learning and statistical models
Authors: Pan Wen , Torres-Verdín Carlos , Duncan Ian J. , Pyrcz Michael J.
Published: December 2022

Well-log interpretation estimates in situ rock properties along well trajectory, such as porosity, water saturation, and permeability, to support reserve-volume estimation, production forecasts, and decision making in reservoir development. However, due to measurement errors, variability of well logs caused by multiple measurement vendors, different borehole tools, and nonuniform drilling/borehole conditions, estimations of rock properties with original well logs without proper preprocessing may not be accurate, especially in the context of multiwell estimation. Well-log normalization techniques such as two-point scaling and mean-variance normalization are commonly used to improve the robustness of multiwell rock-property estimation. However, these techniques do not consider the correlation between well logs and require subjective knowledge for their effective implementation. To reduce uncertainties and processing time associated with multiwell rock-property estimation from well logs, we develop discriminative adversarial (DA) and linear constraint models for well-log normalization and rock-property estimation. The DA neural network model developed for well-log normalization and interpretation can perform linear and nonlinear well-log normalization while considering the joint distribution of each well log and rock properties. However, the linear constraint model uses an ensemble of predictions from linear models to constrain well-log normalization and rock-property estimation. We also develop a divergence-based type well identification method to select type (training) wells for a test well based on the statistical similarity of associated well-log distributions instead of the interwell distance. We apply the DA model to perform well-log normalization and prediction of permeability for the Seminole San Andres Unit carbonate reservoir. Compared with the permeability predicted with the classical machine learning model without well-log normalization and models with two-point scaling normalization, the DA model yields the most accurate permeability prediction by decreasing the mean-squared error of permeability prediction by 20%–50%.
Use of Instrumental Variable Analyses for Evaluating Comparative Effectiveness in Empirical Applications of Oncology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lu Brandon , Thomson Sasha , Blommaert Scott , Tadrous Mina , Earle Craig C. , Chan Kelvin K.W.
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE

This systematic review aims to characterize the use and trends of instrumental variables (IVs) in oncology research, assess the quality and completeness of IV reporting, and evaluate the agreement and interpretation of IV results in comparison with other techniques used for determining comparative effectiveness in observational research.

METHODS

We performed a systematic search of observational empirical oncology papers evaluating the comparative effectiveness of cancer treatments using IV methods. EMBASE and MEDLINE (through June 2021) were used for a keyword search; Scopus and Web of Science were used for a citation search. Publication details and characteristics of IV analysis and reporting were extracted from each study to examine the uptake and quality of IV applications.

RESULTS

Sixty-five empirical papers were identified from February 2001 through June 2021. Geographic variation (50.8%) was the most common type of IV used, and the majority of IV applications constructed binary instruments (53.8%). Concurrent analyses using another non-IV method to adjust for confounding were conducted in 56 (86.2%) studies, 17 (30.4%) of which produced results divergent from IV approaches. We observed a modest uptake of IV methods between 2011 and 2021 together with its dissemination, which remained fairly limited to the United States (76.9%). The quality and completeness of IV reporting varied greatly. The underlying assumptions required for a valid IV analysis were only accounted for in full by 20 (30.8%) studies.

CONCLUSION

There are limited use and variable quality of IV analyses in oncology. Future research should look to establish standards to better facilitate the quality, transparency, and completeness of IV reporting in this setting.
Follow-Up of Patients After Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Cell Autotransplantation at Off-Site Islet Isolation Facility
Authors: Lad Saloni U , Ali Khawla F , Johnston Philip C , San Martin Vicente T , Bottino Rita , Lin Yu Kuei , Walsh R Matthew , Stevens Tyler , Tu Chao , Hatipoglu Betul
Published: December 2022

Context

Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is a definitive management for intractable pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Islet autotransplantation (IAT) allows for the preservation of beta cells to prevent complications of long-term diabetes.

Objective

Our study follows TPIAT recipients for up to 12 years to determine the efficacy of the procedure completed with an off-site islet isolation facility.

Methods

Patient demographics, mixed meal tolerance test measures, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin requirements, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values were collected prior to surgery and at the most recent follow-up assessment.

Results

Forty-four patients (median age, 46.0 years; range, 20-78 years) underwent TPIAT for CP. At an overall median follow-up time of 845.5 days (range, 195-4470 days) 8 patients were insulin independent and 36 patients were insulin dependent. At the most recent follow-up time point, islet yield per kilogram was the strongest indicator of insulin independence. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values were comparable between insulin independent and dependent cohorts.

Conclusions

Our long-term follow-up data suggest that IAT can effectively reduce insulin requirements and improve postoperative glycemic control.
Effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels on Renal Function: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Adi Manel , Ghanbari Faegheh , Downie Mallory L , Hung Adriana , Robinson-Cohen Cassiane , Manousaki Despoina
Published: December 2022

Context

Observational studies investigating the role of vitamin D in renal function have yielded inconsistent results.

Objective

We tested whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) serum levels are associated with renal function, and inversely, whether altered renal function causes changes in 25(OH)D, using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

In this two-sample MR study, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with 25(OH)D in 443 734 Europeans and evaluated their effects on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk and progression in genome-wide association studies totaling over 1 million Europeans. To control for pleiotropy, we also used SNPs solely in DHCR7, CYP2R1, and GC, all genes with known roles in vitamin D metabolism. We performed a reverse MR, using SNPs for the above indices of renal function to study causal effects on 25(OH)D levels.

Results

We did not find robust evidence supporting effects of 25(OH)D on eGFR, BUN, and CKD or its progression. Our inverse variance weighted MR demonstrated a 0.56 decrease in standardized log-transformed 25(OH)D (95% CI −0.73, −0.41; P = 2.89 × 10−12) per unit increase in log-transformed eGFR. Increased BUN was associated with increased 25(OH)D (β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.15, 0.36; P = 4.12 × 10−6 per unit increase in log-transformed BUN). Finally, genetically predicted CKD conferred a 0.05 increase in standardized log-transformed 25(OH)D level (95% CI 0.04, 0.06; P = 1.06 × 10−13). Other MR methods confirmed the findings of the main analyses.

Conclusion

Genetically predicted CKD, increased BUN, and decreased eGFR are associated with increased 25(OH)D levels, but we found no causal effect of 25(OH)D on renal function in Europeans.
Fiber-Optic Intracranial Pressure Monitoring System Using Wi-Fi—An In Vivo Study
Authors: da Silva Junior Erasmo Barros , Hamasaki Eder Eidi , Smaili Hamzah Youssef , Wozniak Arthur , Tristão Enézio Satoru Yoshida , Loureiro Marcelo de Paula , Milano Jerônimo Buzetti , de Meneses Murilo Sousa , de Oliveira Rafael Martinelli , Ramina Ricardo
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Continuous invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is essential in neurocritical care for surveillance and management of raised ICP. Fluid-based systems and strain gauge microsensors remain the current standard. In the past few decades, several studies with wireless monitoring were developed aiming to reduce invasiveness and complications.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe a novel Wi-Fi fiber-optic device for continuous ICP monitoring using smartphone in a swine model.

METHODS:

Two ICP sensors (wireless prototype and wire-based reference) were implanted in the cerebral parenchyma of a swine model for a total of 120 minutes of continuous monitoring. Every 5 minutes, jugular veins compression was performed to evaluate ICP changes. The experimentation was divided in 3 phases for comparison and analysis.

RESULTS:

Phase 1 showed agreement in ICP changes for both sensors during jugular compression and releasing, with a positive and strong Spearman correlation (r = 0.829, P < .001). Phase 2 started after inversion of the sensors in the burr holes; there was a positive and moderately weak Spearman correlation (r = 0.262, P < .001). For phase 3, the sensors were returned to the first burr holes; the prototype behaved similarly to the reference sensor, presenting a positive and moderately strong Spearman correlation (r = 0.669, P < .001).

CONCLUSION:

A Wi-Fi ICP monitoring system was demonstrated in a comprehensive and feasible way. It was possible to observe, using smartphone, an adequate correlation regarding ICP variations. Further adaptations are already being developed.
Incidence and Outcome of Peri-interventional Vasospasm During Endovascular or Microsurgical Treatment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Grüter Basil E. , Wanderer Stefan , Andereggen Lukas , Tortora Angelo , Gruber Philipp , Anon Javier , Diepers Michael , Schubert Gerrit , Remonda Luca , Marbacher Serge
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Peri-interventional vasospasm (PIVS) is associated with high risk of delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), delayed cerebral ischemia, and poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the incidence rate associated with treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

To define the incidence and clinical significance of PIVS in UIA repair based on intraoperative/peri-interventional digital subtraction angiography.

METHODS:

A consecutive series of 205 patients who underwent UIA treatment by means of microsurgical clipping (n = 109) or endovascular coil embolization (n = 96) was assessed for the occurrence of PIVS. In all cases, PIVS was detected, measured, and classified using intraoperative/peri-interventional digital subtraction angiography. Severity of PIVS, association of PIVS with the development of DCVS, and neurological outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Intraoperative PIVS was present in n = 14/109 (13%) patients with microsurgical clipping. Of these, caliber irregularities were mild (n = 10), moderate (n = 3), and severe (n = 1). In endovascularly treated patients, 6/96 (6%) developed PIVS, which were either mild (n = 3) or moderate (n = 3). Management in all cases included immediate intensive blood pressure management and application of topical papaverine or intra-arterial nimodipine immediately on detection of PIVS. No patient developed DCVS or lasting neurological deficits attributable to PIVS.

CONCLUSION:

This series revealed a relatively high overall incidence of PIVS (10%). However, no association of PIVS with the development of DCVS or poor outcome was found. In contrast to ruptured intracranial aneurysms, PIVS in unruptured intracranial aneurysms—if immediately and adequately addressed—seems to be benign and without sequelae for patient's functional outcome.
Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Angiography as an Alternative Tool to Digital Subtraction Angiography in the Follow-up of Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization Outcomes
Authors: Umemura Takeru , Hatano Taketo , Ogura Takenori , Miyata Takeshi , Agawa Yuji , Nakajima Hiroaki , Sakamoto Hiroki , Nakazawa Yusuke , Shiomi Koji , Koga Noriyuki , Nagahori Takashi , Shiraishi Wataru , Nagata Izumi
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Follow-up of aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coil embolization has been performed using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) because in time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, metal artifacts from the stent often affect visualization.

OBJECTIVE:

To confirm whether ultrashort echo time (TE) MRA may be an alternative for DSA during follow-up.

METHODS:

Patients with unruptured aneurysms initially treated with stent-assisted coil embolization between April 2019 and March 2021 were enrolled. After 3 months of treatment, follow-up DSA and ultrashort TE MRA were performed. All images were independently reviewed by neurosurgeons to evaluate in-stent flow and rated from 1 (not visible) to 4 (excellent). Aneurysmal embolization status was assessed as complete obliteration, residual neck, or residual aneurysm. Ultrashort TE MRA findings were classified as evaluative or nonevaluative state based on the presence of metal artifacts. We investigated the types of aneurysms that were evaluative and the agreement between ultrashort TE and DSA.

RESULTS:

Overall, 89 aneurysms were examined, of which 74% (n = 66) were classified as evaluative on ultrashort TE. Significant differences were observed in size and stent type. Evaluative cases had an aneurysm size of <7 mm (P = .0007) and a higher rate of Neuroform Atlas (P = .0006). The rate of agreement between ultrashort TE with evaluative state and DSA was 95%.

CONCLUSION:

Ultrashort TE MRA could evaluate an embolization status treated with stenting, and the findings are in excellent agreement with those of DSA. Aneurysms measuring <7 mm and treated with Neuroform Atlas are evaluative on ultrashort TE, and DSA might not be necessary.
In vivo PIWI slicing in mouse testes deviates from rules established in vitro
Authors: Dowling Mark , Homolka David , Raad Nicole , Gos Pascal , Pandey Radha Raman , Pillai Ramesh S.
Published: December 2022

Argonautes are small RNA-binding proteins, with some having small RNA-guided endonuclease (slicer) activity that cleaves target nucleic acids. One cardinal rule that is structurally defined is the inability of slicers to cleave target RNAs when nucleotide mismatches exist between the paired small RNA and the target at the cleavage site. Animal-specific PIWI clade Argonautes associate with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) to silence transposable elements in the gonads, and this is essential for fertility. We previously demonstrated that purified endogenous mouse MIWI fails to cleave mismatched targets in vitro. Surprisingly, here we find using knock-in mouse models that target sites with cleavage-site mismatches at the 10th and 11th piRNA nucleotides are precisely sliced in vivo. This is identical to the slicing outcome in knock-in mice where targets are base-paired perfectly with the piRNA. Additionally, we find that pachytene piRNA-guided slicing in both these situations failed to initiate phased piRNA production from the specific target mRNA we studied. Instead, the two slicer cleavage fragments were retained in PIWI proteins as pre-piRNA and 17–19 nt by-product fragments. Our results indicate that PIWI slicing rules established in vitro are not respected in vivo, and that all targets of PIWI slicing are not substrates for piRNA biogenesis.
Development of algorithms and programs for the analysis of electrical characteristics BIS
Authors: Yagodkin A. , Zolnikov V. , Skvortsova Tatyana , Achkasov A. , Kuznecov Sergey , Makarenko F.
Published: December 2022

Modern mathematical models for automatic analysis of electrical characteristics of integrated circuits are considered. The requirements for the analysis programs are formulated. A comparative analysis of machine methods for calculating integrated circuits is carried out in terms of their accuracy, RAM volumes and calculation time. The features of the development of modern automation tools for designing integrated circuits are considered. One of the main tasks of designing an integrated circuit is a schematic analysis, which must be carried out both at the preliminary stage and after the development of the integrated circuit topology. However, it is possible to identify the main re-quirements that a modern analysis program must meet: reliability - stable calculation of a wide class of electronic circuits, obtaining solutions even for poorly conditioned tasks; high performance - this requirement is especially important when calculating BIS, in tasks of multivariate analysis, such as statistical analysis, and optimization; low costs of machine memory and expansion of the maximum permissible complexity of the analyzed circuits; flexibility, the possibility of making changes to the program, in particular, the replacement of mathematical models of circuit components, the introduction of new models, the improvement of the computational algorithm, the inclusion of the pro-gram in more complex programs, etc.; the availability of convenient input and output of initial information.
The process of surveying the technical condition of the building of the elevator of the silo building
Authors: Nikolenko S. , Sazonova Svetlana , In'yakova Yuliya
Published: December 2022

This article is devoted to the analysis of the technical condition of the building and structures of the silo elevator on the basis of the survey. The state of the foundations, walls, ceiling of the silo and columns installed at the corners of the silo to the height of the silo is shown. The purpose of the study was a visual inspection of the reinforced concrete load-bearing structures of the silo elevator. Some results of the performed instrumental studies of structures and materials at the facility are given. Defects and damage to the main load-bearing building reinforced concrete structures and the general condition of the hull were identified visually. An analysis of the main load-bearing building structures of the building showed: the columns and walls have a “limited operational technical condition” - there are signs of a violation of the working capacity and the bearing capacity of the structures; farms have a "limited working technical condition" - there are signs of a violation of working capacity, and the bearing capacity of structures; the coating has a "limited working technical condition" - there are signs of a violation of the working capacity, and the bearing capacity of the structures. The technical condition of the building as a whole is assessed as “workable technical condition”. The phase of the period of operation of the building was determined. Recommendations have been developed to ensure the safe operation of the building under study.
Features of the design of microcircuits made using deep-submicron technologies
Authors: Achkasov A. , Solodilov Maksim , Litvinov Nikolay , Chubunov Pavel , Zolnikov V. , Shehovcov Dmitriy , Bordyuzha Oleg
Published: December 2022

Noise and signal integrity are important factors influencing the design process of microcircuits made using submicron technology. Currently, there is some difference in what design engineers can design and what can be manufactured with the right level of quality and reliability. Therefore, it is necessary to create a fundamentally new methodology for verifying VLSI projects with deep submicron design standards. In order to calculate the percentage of good chips manufactured, it is required to identify vulnerable effects and phenomena from the point of view of submicron technology. In this paper, the effect of noise on various types of microcircuits is studied and recommendations are given for limiting noise. One of the options for achieving the optimal balance between noise, noise immunity and microcircuit parameters is to add margins when calculating the VLSI parameters. The paper shows that VLSI projects with nanometer topological norms must undergo an additional process of verifying the parameters and functioning in general before issuing information for the production of photomasks. Verification requires the use of an integrated set of software tools that are certified in real production conditions.
Development of health tourism in Ukraine
Authors: Yavorska Victoria , Nikolaeva Maya , Grigoriev Oleksandr
Published: December 2022

The article examines the problems and prospects of the development of medical tourism. An analysis of the development and assessment of the current state of the health care complex in Ukraine was given. The article emphasizes that resort recreation should become a priority area for the future development of tourism in the state, as it can already provide significant foreign exchange earnings, contribute to the strengthening of the national monetary system and create additional jobs in this area. Centers of health tourism are sanatoriums and resorts of various medical profiles. The peculiarity of the tourist product in health tourism is its seasonal nature, the predominance of intra-regional trips and the specific age composition of consumers.
Ethical issues in medical treatment of homeless patients in Poland. A preliminary study
Authors: Skowron Adam , Jankowska Alicja , Sytnik-Czetwertyński Janusz
Published: December 2022

The article presents some of the most important ethical aspects in the medical care of a homeless patient. Hygiene, access to medicines and information, the problem of social discrimination are analysed. The article concludes with a short reflection on the expected ethical attitude of a doctor towards a homeless patient.
Innovación docente y responsabilidad social en la colección universitaria de fotoetnografía Medianautas
Authors: López San Segundo Carmen , Frutos Esteban Francisco Javier
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre el desarrollo de Medianautas, una acción que fomenta la coeducación y el pensamiento crítico en materia de conocimiento histórico a partir del álbum fotográfico doméstico del alumnado de enseñanza superior. Medianautas se integra en la experiencia de investigación e innovación responsable FotoC3: ciudadanía, creatividad y cuidado, una iniciativa que promueve la coeducación en el contexto de la enseñanza superior mediante el uso sistemático de la fotografía colaborativa, la innovación docente, la indagación autoetnográfica, la creación cultural y la educación patrimonial. A partir de una metodología expositiva, el texto describe cómo Medianautas se renueva cada curso académico en el contexto socioeducativo de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), apoyándose en tres prácticas de investigación-acción participativa –Fotovoz, el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos y el Aprendizaje-Servicio– y adoptando la norma ISO 9001:2015 para la mejora continua de sus procesos de gestión. El trabajo enumera los resultados obtenidos por Medianautas en tres dimensiones específicas: la puesta en marcha de buenas prácticas en innovación docente y responsabilidad social; la creación de contenidos visuales de carácter colectivo para su difusión mediante Di(ver)sium, y el desarrollo de la Colección Medianautas como una colección universitaria de etnofotografía implementada en un repositorio web de carácter institucional y de acceso público integrado en la Red de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Salamanca. Finalmente, el ensayo pone énfasis en cómo la experiencia formativa que impulsa Medianautas –y que explora la construcción de la identidad visual y de la diversidad afectivo-sexual desde una perspectiva mediática e histórica–, fortalece las prácticas coeducativas en la enseñanza superior.
Buy-One-Get-One Promotions in a Two-Echelon Supply Chain
Authors: Li Yuefeng , Khouja Moutaz J. , Pan Jingming , Zhou Jing
Published: December 2022

Buy-one-get-one (BOGO) promotions have become popular. With BOGO, the first unit is sold for the regular price, and the second unit is discounted. We analyze BOGO in manufacturer–retailer supply chains. We identify conditions under which BOGO outperforms price reduction (PR) and everyday low price (EDLP) policies. We find that, for some products, whether consumers stockpile or not, if BOGO and PR have the same market size, BOGO has a larger retailer profit and the same or larger manufacturer profit because BOGO induces more consumers to buy and consume two units. When consumers stockpile, the retailer sets prices to prevent such behavior, and the retailer’s share of supply chain profits is largest under BOGO, whereas consumer surplus with BOGO is smaller than PR. We also find that BOGO reduces double marginalization. When PR expands market size more than BOGO, BOGO’s effectiveness diminishes. When consumers stockpile without increasing consumption and/or production cost is high, EDLP is best. Our results are robust to multiperiod with single-promotion-period settings. A large number of regular-price periods following a promotion period increases stockpiling, which erodes the retailer’s profit and favors EDLP. If promotions are offered for consecutive periods, a larger number of promotion periods increases PR’s efficacy relative to BOGO. Time-inconsistent consumers increase stockpiling and make PR outperform BOGO. Heterogeneous consumers’ holding cost and marginal utility prevent retailers from perfectly discriminating among consumers who make profit-reducing choices. Compared with retailers’ BOGO, manufacturers’ BOGO increases double marginalization and decreases retailers’ and manufacturers’ profits and consumer surplus.

This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.

Funding: This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation of China [Grants 71972026, 72101102]. Y. Li’s work was supported by the China Scholarship Council [Grant 201806070094].

Supplemental Material: The online companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4638 .
O “Povo Brasileiro” nos tuítes de Lula e Bolsonaro Aproximações e antagonismos nas eleições presidenciais de 2022
Authors: PAIERO Denise , BUENO Vinicius Prates da Fonseca
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como as candidaturas à Presidência da República de Jair Messias Bolsonaro (PL) e Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) produziram sentidos sobre o “povo brasileiro”. Para isso, estudamos postagens nos perfis oficiais de ambos na rede de comunicação digital Twitter, largamente utilizada durante a campanha de 2022 Usamos como referencial os conceitos de populismo de Ernesto Laclau; os estudos de comunicação política nas redes sociotécnicas de Paiero e Prates. Nessa pesquisa concluímos que o discurso populista de Lula constrói o povo brasileiro com dois eixos divisórios, econômico e ideológico, sendo este um povo pobre, mas diverso e alegre; Bolsonaro utiliza-se de apenas um eixo, ideológico, com a construção de um povo ordeiro, religioso, patriota e conservador, mas sobretudo unido, cujas representações de diversidade devem ser anuladas.
Novo banco de desenvolvimento do BRICS: alternativa ao poder financeiro ocidental? | Brics’ New development bank: an alternative to the western financial power?
Authors: Pennaforte Charles , Karkow Bones Nairana , De Camargo Filho Homero
Published: December 2022

O Banco Mundial e o FMI são instituições financeiras tradicionais e centrais da história recente. Entretanto, algumas pautas como a falta de gestão democrática, o descaso ao meio ambiente e, as políticas desproporcionais de poder, fizeram com que países em desenvolvimento buscassem outros instrumentos para se inserirem neste campo. Uma das alternativas, foi a formação de bancos de desenvolvimento, como é o caso do Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento (NBD), criado pelo BRICS em 2014. O NBD é o foco deste trabalho, o qual analisa sua possível viabilidade como uma alternativa à influência ocidental no mercado financeiro. Para tanto, são utilizadas as contribuições de autores como Immanuel Wallerstein e Giovanni Arrighi, na perspectiva de entendimento das transformações do atual capitalismo e da geopolítica econômica. Pode-se averiguar ao longo do trabalho, que o NBD, em poucos anos, aprovou e executou diversos projetos, voltados para as áreas de energia, transporte, infraestrutura social e urbana, proteção do meio ambiente e saúde pública. O aumento de sua importância pode viabilizar um novo cenário frente aos centros financeiros tradicionais, a despeito das inúmeras assimetrias sistêmicas existentes.Palavras-chave: BRICS. Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento. geopolítica financeira.ABSTRACTThe World Bank and the IMF are traditional and central financial institutions of recent history. However, some guidelines such as the lack of democratic management, disregard for the environment and, as disproportionate policies of power, made it possible for developing countries to seek other instruments to insert in this field. One of the alternatives was the creation of development banks, as is the case of the New Development Bank (NBD), created by the BRICS in 2014. The NBD is the focus of this work, which analyzes its feasibility as an alternative to western influence in the financial market. To this end, they are published as contributions from authors such as Immanuel Wallerstein and Giovanni Arrighi, in the perspective of understanding the transformations of current capitalism and economic geopolitics. Throughout the work it is seen that the NBD has approved and executed several projects related to energy, transport, social and urban infrastructure, environment protection, and public health. Its increased importance may enable a new scenario in view of the traditional finance centers, although the numerous existing systemic asymmetries.Keywords: BRICS. New Development Bank. Financial geopolitics. Recebido em: 24 nov. 2021 | Aceito em: 23 nov. 2022.
Impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na internacionalização das Instituições de Ensino Superior Privadas no Brasil | Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the internationalization of Private Higher Education Institutions in Brazil
Authors: Gabriel Borges Junqueira Cairo , Baldrighi Rafael De Moraes , Tartaro Julia Gubert , Ribeiro Marcos Eduardo Da Silva
Published: December 2022

Além de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, pilares tradicionais do Ensino Superior, o setor de internacionalização também passou por mudanças substanciais em virtude da eclosão da pandemia de COVID-19 a partir do início de 2020. O artigo busca averiguar e mensurar quais foram os impactos dessa pandemia na internacionalização das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) privadas no Brasil através de cinco principais indicadores: governança, corpo discente, pessoal administrativo/corpo docente, currículo e pesquisa. Os resultados se baseiam em inferência e estatística descritivas e conformam informações provindas de aplicação de questionários a IES. Em uma amostra de vinte e uma instituições, conclui-se que a pandemia apresentou impactos profundos, mas distintos nas variáveis selecionadas, indicando maiores transformações nas mobilidades acadêmicas e surgimento de novas formas de “internacionalização online”.Palavras-chave: Internacionalização; Ensino Superior; Pandemia.ABSTRACTBesides teaching, research and extension, traditional pillars of Higher Education, the internationalization sector has also undergone substantial changes due to the COVID-19 outbreak from the beginning of 2020. The article aims to ascertain and measure the impacts of the pandemic on the internationalization of private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Brazil through five main indicators: governance, student body, administrative staff/faculty, curriculum, and research. The results are based on descriptive inference and statistics and comply information derived from questionnaires applied to HEIs. In a sample of twenty-one institutions, it is concluded that the pandemic presented profound but distinct impacts on the selected variables, indicating greater transformations in academic mobility and the emergence of new "online internationalization" tools.Keywords: Internationalization; Higher Education; Pandemic. Recebido em: 22 mar. 2022 | Aceito em:  nov. 2022.
Contaminação química de alimentos vegetais e a saúde: Agricultura convencional x orgânica
Authors: Muniz Andressa Da Silva , Aragão Larissa De Oliveira , De Souza Simone Lorena Quitério
Published: December 2022

Frente à crise climática e ao crescimento populacional, o sistema de produção alimentar tem sido amplamente debatido e, até mesmo, repensado nas últimas décadas. A procura por formas mais sustentáveis de produzir alimentos e a preocupação com a saúde levou a uma crescente demanda pelo consumo de alimentos cultivados de forma orgânica em relação aos alimentos produzidos através da agricultura convencional, que utiliza livremente pesticidas e fertilizantes sintéticos. O método de cultivo utilizado impacta diretamente na saúde dos trabalhadores rurais e dos consumidores finais. A ingestão de alimentos contaminados por fontes agroquímicas pode levar ao desenvolvimento de câncer e danos aos sistemas endócrino, nervoso e respiratório, dentre outros. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir a contaminação química de alimentos em dois modelos distintos de produção: convencional e orgânico, através do levantamento de dados bibliográficos de pesquisas conduzidas no Brasil. Como resultados, foram encontrados      contaminantes químicos mesmo em sistemas que são vistos como mais seguros, assim como a presença de agrotóxicos que são proibidos para determinadas culturas, evidenciando a importância da conscientização quanto aos riscos à saúde pela exposição a esses compostos, além da identificação de sintomas associados à intoxicação, principalmente por parte dos trabalhadores rurais. Mediante o exposto, é fundamental que haja um trabalho de Educação Ambiental destinado aos que lidam diretamente com a produção alimentar, em que as minorias são de alta importância no processo, cabendo especial atenção aos indivíduos com baixa ou nenhuma escolaridade, tangendo instruções/meios adequados para um manejo correto de compostos como agrotóxicos.
Investigação do estilo de vida de doentes renais crônicos em hemodiálise
Authors: Dias Ernandes Gonçalves , Machado Adriana Dos Santos Pereira , Barbosa Lucília Aparecida Antunes , Araújo Rondinele Antunes de , Caldeira Maiza Barbosa
Published: December 2022

Introdução: a doença renal crônica é caracterizada por uma desordem da atividade renal, na qual os rins perdem progressiva e irreversivelmente a função e a capacidade. Em função da doença e do tratamento o estilo de vida do doente renal é alterado e deve ser verificado. Objetivo: investigar o estilo de vida de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise em uma cidade do norte de Minas Gerais.  Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo com dados coletados entre fevereiro e março de 2021 por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, analisadas mediante Análise Temática com sustentação na Teoria das necessidades humanas básicas. Resultados: participaram do estudo 10 doentes renais crônicos com idade entre 39 e 87 anos, com diagnóstico da doença há mais de cinco anos. Manifestaram que sentiram medo de lidar com a doença e descontentamento com o diagnóstico. Esses sentimentos influenciaram na aceitação da doença e adesão ao tratamento, nas relações sociais, no trabalho e no lazer. Foram relatadas, ainda, alterações relacionadas ao sono/repouso, aos hábitos alimentares e na ingestão de líquidos devido às limitações impostas pelo tratamento. Conclusão: espera-se provocar reflexões sobre a necessidade da adoção de um novo estilo de vida para manutenção de um bom estado de saúde e da qualidade de vida pelo doente renal crônico. Ainda, que os profissionais de saúde se sensibilizem da importância do trabalho educativo e preventivo em longo prazo como estratégia de promoção da saúde e da necessidade de apoiar os usuários na adoção de um estilo de vida saudável.
Trans/feminist collaborative autoethnographic storying of gender-based violence, during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Murray Lesley , Moriarty Jessica , Holt Amanda , Lewis Sian , Parks Mel
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 crisis has spotlighted particular insidious social problems, including gender-based violence (GBV), and their relationship with movement and confinement. As well as changing configurations of GBV, the experience of the global pandemic and the immobilities of national lockdowns have created space to imagine GBV – to connect with past experiences in the context of our rethinking of current experiences across multiple spaces. In this article we explicate a transdisciplinary feminist collaborative autoethnographic storying of GBV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the ‘trans/feminist methodology’ of Pryse (2000), we seek to contribute knowledge of GBV through the lens of COVID-19 using our own experiential life storying. In this article we show the potential of this method in understanding lived experiences over time that are situated in a specific context. Our experiences of GBV, as viewed through the pandemic, are presented as fragments, which then make up a collective narrative that illustrates our shared experiences of GBV in all its forms, across multiple spaces and throughout our life histories. In this common story, GBV is considered to im/mobilise – to stagnate our range of mobilities to varying degrees across these spaces and times.
Randomized experimental testing of new survey approaches to improve abortion reporting in theUnitedStates
Authors: Lindberg Laura D. , Maddow‐Zimet Isaac , Mueller Jennifer , VandeVusse Alicia
Published: December 2022

Context

Abortions are substantially underreported in surveys due to social stigma, compromising the study of abortion, pregnancy, fertility, and related demographic and health outcomes.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated six methodological approaches identified through formative mixed‐methods research to improve the measurement of abortion in surveys. These approaches included altering the placement of abortion items in the survey, the order of pregnancy outcome questions, the level of detail, the introduction to the abortion question, and the context of the abortion question, and using graduated sensitivity. We embedded a preregistered randomized experiment in a newly designed online survey about sexual and reproductive health behaviors (N = 6536). We randomized respondents to experimental arms in a fully crossed factorial design; we estimated an average treatment effect using standardized estimators from logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic covariates associated with reporting.

Results

None of the experimental arms significantly improved abortion reporting compared to the control condition.

Conclusion

More work is needed to improve reporting of abortion in future surveys, particularly as abortion access becomes increasingly restricted in the United States. Despite this study's null results, it provides a promising path for future efforts to improve abortion measurement. It is proof of concept for testing new approaches in a less expensive, faster, and more flexible format than embedding changes in existing national fertility surveys.
Underwater 3D reconstruction using a photometric stereo with illuminance estimation
Authors: Huang Sanao , Shi Yingjie , Li Ming , Qian Jingwei , Xu Ke
Published: December 2022

Underwater image sensing is directly affected by the change in
illuminance towards a camera caused by the refraction of light in
different media. In this study, the convergence of a near-field point
light source in water is analyzed using a light propagation model. The
photometric stereo (PS) formula is determined based on an accurate
estimation of the illuminance entering the camera. An underwater PS
system is designed to verify the proposed method’s feasibility. The
experimental results demonstrate improved accuracy in normal
calculation. This helps achieve accurate underwater 3D reconstruction
of objects that is suitable for underwater surface
microdefect detection.
Tomographic imaging of perfectly conducting objects
Authors: Samelsohn Gregory
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a new algorithm for tomographic imaging of perfectly conducting scatterers, with boundary conditions of the Dirichlet or Neumann type, is proposed. The boundary value problem is converted into a volume integral equation with a singular double-layer potential. Then, the resulting far-field pattern is expressed in the form of an impact parameter model, i.e., as a true Fourier transform of the profile function. No approximations are made in the construction of the forward model and derivation of the inversion algorithm. Instead, some elementary facts of the microlocal analysis, in particular the pseudo-locality of the corresponding operator, are used to recover the support of the scattering potential and, therefore, the shape of the obstacle. Mathematically, the problem is reduced to the Radon inversion of a classical computed tomography. It is shown that the algorithm is also capable of classifying the type (Dirichlet or Neumann) of the boundary condition imposed. A relation of the proposed algorithm to a previously known solution based on the physical optics approximation is discussed.
Detecting correlated errors in twin-field quantum key distribution
Authors: Panchumarthi B. , Stephens A. , Beck M.
Published: December 2022

We experimentally demonstrate that we can detect correlated errors in a twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD) system by using a technique that is related to self-consistent tomography. We implement a TFQKD system based on a fiber-Sagnac loop, in which Alice and Bob encode information in the phase of weak coherent states that propagate in opposite directions around the loop. These states interfere as they exit the loop and are detected by a third party, Charlie, who reports the results of their measurements to Alice and Bob. We find that it is possible for Alice and Bob to detect correlated state-preparation and measurement errors while trusting only their own individual states, and without trusting Charlie’s measurements.
Optical frequency domain reflectometry shape sensing using an extruded optical fiber triplet for intra-arterial guidance
Authors: Francoeur Jacynthe , Roberge Anthony , Lorre Pierre , Monet Frédéric , Wright Cory , Kadoury Samuel , Kashyap Raman
Published: December 2022

Intra-arterial catheter guidance is instrumental to the success of minimally invasive procedures, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. However, traditional device tracking methods, such as electromagnetic or infrared sensors, exhibits drawbacks such as magnetic interference or line of sight requirements. In this work, shape sensing of bends of different curvatures and lengths is demonstrated both asynchronously and in real-time using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) with a polymer extruded optical fiber triplet with enhanced backscattering properties. Simulations on digital phantoms showed that reconstruction accuracy is of the order of the interrogator’s spatial resolution (millimeters) with sensing lengths of less than 1 m and a high SNR.
Investigation of stable pulse mode-locking regimes in a NALM figure-9 Er-doped fiber laser
Authors: Xiong Shiping , Luo Daping , Liu Yang , Wang Wenchao , Deng Zejiang , Tang Zhenqiang , Xie Gehui , Zhou Lian , Zuo Zhong , Gu Chenglin , Li Wenxue
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate three typical mode-locking processes of a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) fiber laser via a general nonlinear Schrödinger equation-based (GNLSE) simulation model. First, the pulse evolutions in the NALM cavity were separately simulated under asymmetric and weakly asymmetric conditions. We found that the splitting ratio and positions of the gain fiber can result in a suitable phase bias between clockwise and counter-clockwise beams, enabling the realization of a self-starting low-threshold operating condition. To assess the roles of the splitting ratio and gain in the mode-locking process, we simulated three pulse formation processes: in the soliton, stretched-pulse, and dissipative soliton mode-locking regimes. The simulation results show that the splitting ratio, gain, and dispersion directly influence the mode-locking condition and pulse characteristics, thereby providing effective quantified guidance for high-quality pulse generation. Finally, an experimental NALM oscillation operating under stretched pulse conditions was established to investigate the impact of the splitting ratio and pump power on the pulse characteristics. The experimental results prove that the splitting ratio, gain, and dispersion can be used to manipulate the mode-locking threshold, self-starting threshold, nonlinear effects, and pulse characteristics.