bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSTRAINTS PERCEIVED BY THE AGRICULTURAL GRADUATES IN TAKING UP AGRICULTURE AS A PROFESSION
Authors:   Junagadh Agricultural University, Laveti Mohini Devi , Bariya Minaxi K. ,   Junagadh Agricultural University, Jalu Swati ,   Junagadh Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

The issue of 'farm readiness', i.e., the interest among agricultural graduates in taking up farming as an occupation after their graduation, is very prominent because most people still regard agriculture as a non-professional and less profitable career option for a young graduate and returning to farming after university would be regarded as a failure. Therefore, to know the constraints perceived by them in taking up agriculture as a profession and to corrective measures accordingly, a study was conducted by collecting data from 120 freshly graduated students belonging to all the four State Agricultural Universities of Gujarat using multistage random sampling technique. The quantification of data was done using Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) technique. The study revealed that high cost of cultivation and low returns, high cost of agricultural inputs and farm machinery fluctuations in market price, unpredictable climate changes, risk of crop failure, high cost of labour, inadequate supply of electricity, lack of proper irrigation facilities, lack of proper storage facilities, lack of proper agricultural infrastructure, lack of financial support, discouragement from the family and friends, lack of proper transportation facilities, inadequate practical knowledge and lack of incentives from the government were the major constraints faced by them.
AN OVERVIEW OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFILE OF RURAL WOMEN AND THEIR PARTICIPATION PATTERN IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Authors:   Navsari Agricultural University, Patel Maulika , Bhatt M. R. ,   Navsari Agricultural University, Tankiwala Aneri ,   Navsari Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

In agrarian country like India, women play a very important role in development of agriculture and contribute three fourth of the total labour required. To study the association between profile of rural women and participation pattern in household production system, an experiment with ex post facto research design was conducted in three talukas named Vansda, Chikhali and Khergam of Navsari district. The interview schedule was prepared and pre-tested to collect the data. Total 120 respondents were surveyed through personal interview technique from their home, farm, office or any other workplace. It was found that age and type of family had negative and significant relationship with participation in household production system. Independent variables like education, size of family, size of land holding had non-significant relationship with participation in household production system. While, Social participation, innovativeness and self-confidence had positive and significant relationship with participation in household production system. Remaining independent variables like farming experience, extension participation, source of information, risk orientation and market orientation had positive and highly significant relationship with participation in household production system.
KNOWLEDGE OF HOUSEHOLD NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES AMONG FARM WOMEN IN JAMNAGAR DISTRICT OF GUJARAT
Authors:   Junagadh Agricultural University, Baraiya A. K. , Baraiya K. P. ,   Junagadh Agricultural University, Lakhani S. H. ,   Junagadh Agricultural University
Published: November 2022

It is very truth the "knowledge/education cannot be divided, theft, not a burden, increase with sharing and usages". To perform active role in any activity, information being understood play an important role. Knowledge of any individual increases his/ her awareness, mental alertness makes him/her familiar or acquaint with facts, objects, concepts or practices. Knowledge about nutrition of a respondent was measured by some selected questions regarding different aspects of nutritional value of farm products. Selected farm women were middle age group (65.83%), all were married, and living in joint family (51%). Television (51.33%) and mobile (40%) were the most favorite source information among the nutritional requirement and supplementary food. Among the knowledge bout nutritional requirement they believed Consume more nutritive food in maximum quantity during pregnancy (rank first) (69%) followed by Papaya, mango and other yellow colour fruit & vegetable are the source of vitamin-A (63.67%); Seasonal fruits having sufficient and natural nutritional amount instead of off seasonal fruit (63.67%); Consume whole grains and sprouted pulses in daily diet (63%); Daily consumption of different millets (Bajari, sorghum, maize, oat, ragi, rice with husk) reduce the risk of diabetes, heart attack, obesity etc.(60.67%) and Amla and guava and other sour(Acidic) fruits are the rich sources of Vitamin C (60%) were chronologically decline the rank.
Equality Works: The Global Health 50/50 Report 2019
Authors:   Global Health 50/50
Published: November 2022

The Global Health 50/50 2019 report focuses on gender equality in the workplace, reviewing policies, programmes, and indicators of power and privilege across 198 organisations. The 2019 Report provides an in-depth look at gender equality within the workplace across four dimensions: commitment, evidence-informed policy content, equitable outcomes in power and pay, and gender-responsive programming. By focusing its 2019 Report on gender in the workplace, Global Health 50/50 (GH5050) seeks to equip organisations and individuals with the data and tools to review and strengthen their own policies by providing a snapshot of organisational performance and contributing to a community of best practice. Global Health 50/50 believes that more feminist, diverse and inclusive leadership is imperative for achieving policies and programmes that realise the health, rights and equality of career opportunities for everyone. By sharing these findings, we hope to contribute to a more gender-equal global health sector that works for everyone.
The Global Health 50/50 Report 2020: Power, Privilege and Priorities
Authors:   Global Health 50/50
Published: November 2022

The 2020 report provides an unprecedented birds-eye view of the global health system today. It reveals that the leadership of the 200 most prominent organisations active in global health continues to reflect power and privilege asymmetries along historical, geographic and gender lines. The report further uncovers a distinct disconnect between the organisational priorities and the gendered burdens of disease around the world. The report warns that these inequalities -- an inequality of opportunity in career pathways inside organisations and an inequality in who benefits from the global health system -- are impeding progress towards health goals.
Pemanfaatan Tanaman Eceng Gondok Menjadi Kerajinan Anyaman Sebagai Upaya Dalam Mengurangi Pencemaran Sungai Di Kecamatan Pammana
Authors: Rahmiyanti Sitti , Maru Rosmini , Mangngesak Nathaniel Lucky , Mutmainnah Alya Nurul , Handayani Rini
Published: November 2022

In Pammana Subdistrict there are very many water hyacinth plants and have the potential to damage the environment. In this study, we intend to clean the river from water hyacinth plants as well as to process these plants into something useful. For this reason, the researchers carried out this activity with the objectives of: 1.) socializing the Pammana residents about the importance of protecting the environment, especially the rivers in Pammana, 2) Conducting training to the community regarding the use of water hyacinth into wickerwork, 3) Knowing the use of water hyacinth plants as woven crafts in reducing river pollution in Pammana District. The methods used to solve this problem are descriptive analysis, observation, interviews, discussions, and training assistance in making water hyacinth woven crafts with the target group. The processing processes are: Drying water hyacinth, making patterns, weaving, sewing, and finishing. The results of the activities achieved were: 1.) Increased awareness of Pammana residents regarding the importance of protecting the environment, especially rivers in Pammana, 2.) There was an increase in community creativity, especially in managing water hyacinth into woven crafts, 3.) Utilization of water hyacinth into woven crafts was very effective in reducing growth of water hyacinth in the river Pammana District
Identifikasi Potensi Alam Berbasis Geo-Edukasi di Desa Dulangeya Provinsi Gorontalo
Authors: Akase Noviar , Kasim Muh , Nonsi Mutiara , Irmawati Irmawati , Ismail Moh. Nazer , Wowiling Irene Ester
Published: November 2022

The location of the implementation of community service is located in Dulangeya Village, Botumoito District, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. The purpose of this service activity is to increase public knowledge and awareness about the natural potential that exists in Dulangeya Village, so that the positive impact of the natural potential can be optimized and the negative impact can be minimized. The implementation of the activity goes through 3 (three) stages, namely the preparation and planning stage, the Socialization stage for the Service Work Program and the last is the Work Program Implementation stage. The model used is in the form of Geo-Education which contains Socialization and Counseling, and the manufacture of Information Boards. This service activity has been carried out well. proven to be able to increase the knowledge and understanding of rural communities in utilizing and conserving natural potential. The return of public awareness to always clean hot spring pools, then the implementation of disaster mitigation in the field of early childhood education is able to increase children's understanding of disasters around them, as well as the realization of the sustainability of a generation that is resilient to disasters
UC San Diego Undergraduates and the Ocean Discovery Institute Collaborate to Form a Pilot Program in Culturally Responsive Mentoring
Authors:   Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, Adams Lisa , Bintliff Amy , Jannke Helen , Kacev Dovi
Published: November 2022

The geoscience workforce, particularly in ocean sciences, lacks diversity. Implementing culturally responsive teaching and mentoring practices throughout the K–university pipeline is one way to help increase diversity in the field. Here, we describe initial results and lessons learned from a pilot course conducted through a partnership between the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and the Ocean Discovery Institute (ODI), a local nonprofit that provides opportunities for low-income K–12 youths to learn about oceanography. The goals of the pilot course are to educate a racially diverse group of UCSD undergraduates in culturally sensitive mentoring practices and provide opportunities for them to apply their newly acquired skills while working with K–12 students at ODI. The undergraduates prepared and implemented lessons designed to demystify the college experience for their mentees. Through classroom experience and weekly journal reflections, undergraduates developed confidence and improved their ability to mentor youth.
The Effect of Some Different Mobile Learning Applications for Developing Students' Engagement and Achievement in the E-learning Concepts Unit
Authors: Alodail Abdullah
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to focus on the use of the mobile learning strategy to increase learning engagement and achievement in e-learning concepts for students. The study used a descriptive and quasi-experimental approaches to prepare the literature framework and two measurement tools and apply experiment, including an achievement test and engagement scale . The study sample consisted of 50 learners. The researcher used a t-test to measure the differences between the first experimental group taught by a MMS (multimedia messaging service), and second experimental group taught using the WhatsApp. The content of subject consisted of videos, photos, PowerPoint presentations and the use of appropriate URLs, which was provided through mobile learning platforms. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in α≤0.05 between the mean students' scores of the first and second experimental groups in the post-tests in achievement and learning engagement. This was in favor of the second experimental group, which used WhatsApp on achievement and learning engagement, unlike the first experimental group that used multimedia service.
PEMBERDAYAAN REMAJA DALAM OPTIMALISASI PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA MELALUI PROGRAM KELOMPOK REMAJA DI DUSUN BALANGGAR PAKONG PAMEKASAN
Authors: Qurratul A’yun  , Yayuk Eliyana  , Layla Imroatu Zulaikha
Published: November 2022

Lack of knowledge, nature and risk behavior in adolescents that have an impact on adolescent reproductive health status requires the availability of adolescent care health services that can meet adolescent health needs, especially services for adolescent-friendly reproductive health. The target of this community service activity is the group of teenagers in the Hamlet of Bajuang Pakong, Pamekasan, who are teenagers. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and understanding of adolescents about reproductive health and to empower adolescents through the Youth group program as a forum for adolescents to increase knowledge about reproductive health. This group of teenagers shared with other teenagers during women's activities, then these teenagers made applications on social media as a means to provide information to make it easier to provide information to other peers. With the Youth group program, students are enthusiastic about seeking health information for adolescents and find it useful to have this youth group program.
PELATIHAN KIAT MENJADI PEMBELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS YANG LEBIH BERHASIL BAGI SISWA SMA/SMK DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Ariya Agustin  , M Bambang Purwanto
Published: November 2022

English is an international language in Indonesia. It is important for students to master English because of its very central role in every aspect of this country. SMA and SMK students in Palembang City should prepare more seriously for their English language skills to face a better future. The English they study will have a very significant effect when they continue their education to tertiary level or enter the world of work. In this activity, the Darussalam Polytechnic lecturers, especially the lecturers for the English course, provided very important information for students in Palembang City to be successful in mastering English. This activity was carried out through a Zoom meeting with 40 participants consisting of high school and vocational students in Palembang City. This activity was carried out for 1 day on September 4 2022
Numerical Modeling of the Complex Behavior of Salt Caverns
Authors: Brouard B. , Zakharov V. , Frangi A.
Published: November 2022

Rock salt is a very complex material. Simulation of the non-linear and time-dependent mechanical behavior of salt caverns requires advanced constitutive models, relevant sets of parameters and accurate numerical computations. No well-known software packages were designed initially for salt caverns; they had to be adapted by the end user due to the unusual behavior of salt compared to other rocks. Most of the time, cavern thermodynamics, salt geomechanics and hydraulics cannot be calculated simultaneously. Some software packages are limited only to rock/soil mechanics and thermal computations —they include no cavern thermodynamics. However, coupling cavern thermodynamics and rock mechanics is essential when considering problems such as fast cycling in a gas cavern, the storage of hydrogen or compressed air, or for modeling of the long-term behavior of caverns. A case-by-case study must be performed for all new projects, taking into account relevant creep and also considering sets of parameters that were calibrated accurately in the laboratory — or better, from on-site tests performed in an existing borehole or cavern. This paper introduces the main features of salt-rock mechanics and salt-cavern thermodynamics. A simple example of a cycled hydrogen cavern experiencing a blowout is presented.

Introduction

Storage of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons in salt caverns is a mature technology. More than 2000 caverns are operated worldwide. Storage of electricity as compressed air in salt caverns (CAES) is possible; two caverns have been operated for this purpose since the 1970s, and a couple of new projects are under development (Koopmans et al., 2022). There also are many ongoing projects related to hydrogen storage (Fig. 1). Salt caverns initially were designed, created and operated using very limited modeling tools. The complexity of rock-salt behavior and of cavern thermodynamics appeared gradually.
Research on Recognition Method of Fracturing Dessert of Algaeolite Reservoir in Qaidam Basin
Authors: Zheng Honglin , Ma Xinfang , Zhang Shicheng , Liu Yong , Guo Delong , Lin Hai
Published: November 2022

Fengxi structure in Qaidam basin is a low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoir mainly composed of algal limestone on the land of China. Algal limestone is thin and distributed dispersedly. There are problems such as inaccurate dessert identification and large difference in single well production during fracturing. In this paper, reservoir analysis is carried out through cutting electron microscope scanning experiment and core test experiment to obtain and correct various parameters characterizing geological and engineering desserts. A prediction model of algal limestone reservoir fracturing desserts is established by combining the advantages and disadvantages solution distance method (TOPSIS) with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and dessert point grades are classified. According to the calculation results, Fengxi Block is generally at the level of Class III and IV desserts, and the artificial fractures are mainly multi fractures near the well and single fractures. Compared with adjacent wells, this method reduces the construction pressure by 10.1% and increases the production by 49.7% after well selection and formation selection, realizing the purpose of precise stimulation of reservoir desserts, and providing a new idea for efficient development of algal limestone reservoirs in Qaidam Basin.

Optimization of Dessert Attribute Parameters

There are many influencing parameters involved in the identification of fracturing desserts, including geological attributes and engineering attributes (Huang J.L, 2012). In order to accurately screen out the attribute parameters representing dessert, the scoring method is adopted to quantify the score of each attribute one by one, and the attribute parameter with the highest score is selected as the basis for dessert recognition. Attribute scoring methods include accuracy scoring, representation range scoring, and necessity scoring (Han F.P.et al,2019). In the accuracy score, the accuracy of the parameters obtained by the direct measurement method is high, and the score is 3 points; The accuracy of parameters obtained through inversion of relevant data is medium, and the score is 2 points; The score of other data with poor accuracy is 1 point. In the score of characterization range, the parameter that can represent the continuous well section is scored as 2 points, and the parameter that can only represent the specific depth is scored as 1 point. In the necessity score, the parameter with high importance is scored as 2 points, and the parameter with low importance is scored as 1 point.
Methodology for Determination of Anisotropic In Situ Stress and Principal Orthotropic Directions from Field Testing
Authors: Loken M. C. , Johnson J. C.
Published: November 2022

The bi-axial stress test is a two-dimensional (2-D) field test in which horizontal and vertical stresses are applied to a circular “hole in the plate” problem. The diametric closures are measured at three uniformly spaced locations. Using the Kirsch solution, and assuming an isotropic elastic medium, the magnitude of the in-plane far-field principal stresses (𝜎1, 𝜎2) and their orientation (𝛼) can be uniquely determined. However, the Kirsch Solution has limitations, since the two-dimensionality is applicable only for conditions of plane strain or plane stress; and in reality, the out-of-plane stress condition is somewhat in between. The major outcome of this paper is the development of a methodology to determine the three-dimensional principal stresses (𝜎1, 𝜎2,𝜎3) and their orientations (𝛼,𝛽,𝛾) using the two-dimensional Kirsch Solution in three mutually perpendicular planes.

Introduction

The Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF, formerly known as DUSEL) is a dedicated underground scientific research facility located in Lead, South Dakota, at the former site of the Homestake gold mine. The SURF mission includes the construction of large underground cavern openings at depths of about 1500 meters to house large-scale physics experiments. A primary rock mechanics concern is the stability of these proposed large-diameter caverns (up to 165 meters) in a host rock which has been characterized to be orthotropic in the following conditions: (1) geometry, (2) in situ stress, (3) elasticity, and (4) strength. Of these four conditions of orthotropy, the second dimension (in situ stress) will be examined in this paper. The objective of this research is to present the theoretical development and implementation of the equations that define two- and three-dimensional orthotropic in situ stress. The equations are developed based on an interpretation of the biaxial stress test in two dimensions and extrapolation of multiple orthotropic field test results in three dimensions. The two-dimensional results are presented in the next section. These two-dimensional equations are used in the development of the three-dimensional equations for determination of the principal stress magnitudes and orientation, which are given in the subsequent section. The method is validated with a numerical example and will be applied to a data set of test results performed in situ to determine the orthotropic stress state (both magnitudes and orientations) in an underground mining location. The results of this mathematical development are applied to an orthotropic biaxial stress field test in Section 4, followed by a number of important conclusions in Section 5. The paper is concluded with a list of applicable references and several supporting figures and tables of results.
New Laboratory Workflow to Evaluate Shale Time-Dependent Wellbore Instabilities
Authors: Muniz E. M. , Martin J. W. , Shaver M. A. , Richard F.
Published: November 2022

Drilling through overburden shale often presents operational challenges, particularly when drilling high-angle wells. Chemical imbalance between the shale and the drilling fluid can lead to time-dependent wellbore instability resulting in stuck pipe; cavings; and, under extreme circumstances, loss of the well. This study provides a unique workflow combining a suite of laboratory measurements to evaluate rock-fluid interaction between shale and drilling fluids. The testing suite includes X-ray diffraction (XRD) for mineralogical composition; tight rock analysis (TRA) for fluid saturations and petrophysical properties; mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) for pore throat radius analysis, pore water composition and water activity (aw) that is measured at ambient and elevated pressure using a new test system (patent pending); pressure penetration and membrane efficiency tests to evaluate pressure transmission through shale when exposed to drilling fluids; and modified thick-walled cylinder (mTWC) tests for screening potential adverse effects of drilling fluid on rock strength. Test results show how water activity measurements using synthetic brines can vary significantly from measurements made directly from the rock and under in-situ stress conditions. Water activity measurements made under stress correlate well with clay content and pore throat radius. From mTWC tests, the imbalance of aw can generate shale swelling and strength reduction. The pressure transmission tests show how the drilling fluids can plug the pores and reduce the pressure transmission rate to the formation. These data are instrumental in providing mitigating measures to avoid instability problems during drilling through overburden shales.

Introduction

Drilling high-angle development wells in shale can pose many operational risks requiring optimization of casing points, knowledge of safe mud weight profiles, and selection of the drilling fluid to counter rock-fluid interaction. Often the mud weight needs to be high enough to prevent shear collapse but low enough to not induce weak-bedding-plane failure (mechanical tensile failure) in the overburden. To determine the drilling window and optimum drilling mud weight for the well design, basic well logs and drilling reports are not enough to solve the problem alone; core measurements and advanced sonic are key ingredients to the wellbore stability model and subsequent predictions. Laboratory tests address both mechanical behavior through plane of weakness testing and modeling coupled with anisotropic characterization (Xi et al., 2020; Shaver et al., 2020) and evaluation of chemical shale interaction with drilling fluids to determine the effects of drilling time-dependent instability. This paper provides a novel laboratory testing approach to characterize shale time-dependent behavior to optimize drilling fluids used for shale formations.
Experimental Investigation on the Evolution of Rock Mechanical Properties Subjected to the Joint Action of In-Situ Stress and Temperature
Authors: Liu Bin , Dong Shiming , Guan Yang
Published: November 2022

The determination of rock mechanics properties and drillability are significant for the prediction of the rate of penetration (ROP) in drilling into complex formations. Previous studies indicate that these properties can be strongly correlated with formation conditions, e. g. temperature, and in-situ stress. However, these two parameters are hard to be considered simultaneously due to the limitation of the experimental apparatus. To address such an issue, rock samples are collected from the eastern Sichuan Basin, mainly including the sandstone located in the formations of Shaximiao Bottom, Ziliujing. and Xujiahe. A series of tests are conducted to investigate the evolution of rock mechanical properties subjected to the joint action of temperature and in-situ stress based on a self-developed experimental setup. The results indicate that the rock strength under in-situ conditions is 2~3 times higher than that determined under atmospheric conditions. The plasticity and volumetric strain of rocks increases as well, which is accompanied by the transition of rock failure modes from volumetric failure to abrasive rock-breaking. Meanwhile, the variation of drillability under different formation conditions shows that rock failure characteristics change significantly. The average ROP of rocks in the Shaximiao Bottom Formation, Ziliujing Formation, and Xujiahe Formation under in-situ conditions decrease by 45.12%, 61.19%, and 43.82% respectively, leading to an increase in the drillability of rocks. Compared with in-situ stress, the increase in temperature has few effects on rock strength and drillability. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the evolution of rock properties under different formation conditions, which is of great significance for optimizing drilling parameters and improving drilling efficiency in hard-to-drill formations.
The Research of Creep Property of Deep Shale Rock and Its Influence on Casing Loading
Authors: Li Chenglong , Li Shiyuan , Cao Jiawwei , Lei Yajun , Zhai Wenbao
Published: November 2022

In recent years, shale oil and gas exploitation has attracted much attention, and the problems of borehole shrinkage and casing damage due to creep property of deep shale rock cannot be ignored. Especially, deep shale rock under the condition with containing water behaves shows stronger creep mechanical behavior. The creep mechanical behavior has direct influence on borehole shrinkage and casing load. The potential engineering risks need mechanism explanation and quantitative assessment. The creep mechanical behavior of deep shale rocks was studied by experiments, meanwhile the creep rate of shale with the condition of containing water was measured. The creep parameters were fitted according to the power-law model, and the parameter of A and n in the model can be obtained. On the basis of experiments, a three-dimensional multilayer wellbore model is established to numerically simulate the creep behavior of shale rock and the influence on the casing loading. In the experiment of our study, the shale under the condition of containing water content accelerates elastic and creep deformation about 1.5 times larger than the one under the condition without containing water. Through the numerical calculation, after one week, in deep layer the casing loading can reach about 158.9MPa when shale rock under the condition of containing water and it can reach about 146.3Pa without containing water. After one year, the casing loading can reach about 548.8MPa when shale rock under the condition of containing water and und it can reach about 517.9MPa without containing water. Creep property of shale rock will lead to the increase of casing loading and damage risk obviously, and it should be taken into consideration for the design of casing.
Thermal Impact on Sandstone’s Physical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Sahu Q. S. , Alnakhli A. R. , Kalgaonkar R. A.
Published: November 2022

Many processes in subsurface applications result in heating or cooling operation. Processes such as steam flooding, thermally induced fracturing, perforation, deep disposal of nuclear waste, and extraction of energy from geothermal reservoirs can impose a thermal field in geological reservoirs. That is, heat flux can induce stress in the rock and can have a pronounced effect on the physical and mechanical properties of rock bodies. Many researchers are exploring this method for fracturing applications. Either applying a thermal shock due to cooling the formation or imposing an instantaneous heating using plasma jet technology. In this study, data were collected from the literature for physical and mechanical properties of sandstones that were subjected to different modes of thermal treatment. The objective is to investigate the impact of different thermal fields on sandstone properties. The main properties that were considered under this study were permeability, Young's Modulus, and unconfined compressive strength. The data were normalized to obtain fair comparison and to understand the general trend at which those properties change as a function of temperature. Overall, the data shows that the permeability of sandstone increases when a cooling mode of treatment is imposed. Furthermore, sandstones subjected to thermal shock with Nitrogen shows a higher rate of increase in permeability. On the other hand, heating decreases the permeability of sandstone. Cooling reduces the unconfined compressive strength and Young's modulus, while heating resulted in inconclusive results.

Introduction

Applying a sudden thermal gradient can induce thermal stress in reservoir rock and open cracks in the formation. Rock as other material will experience a volumetric strain as a result of heating/cooling, as shown in Fig.1. Several studies were performed to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment in rock properties. An essential step before applying thermally induced fracturing or any subsurface processes that involve thermal alteration is to study the effect of heat on basic rock mechanical properties. Usually, the temperature effect is ignored in the analysis of hydraulic fracturing, but if the induced thermal gradient is large, then this effect has to be considered with respect to the mechanical and physical properties.
Fracture Assessment From Well-Centered and Reservoir Scale Coupled Geomechanical Models
Authors: Segura J. M. , Bezerra de Melo R. C. , Martínez A. , Alvarellos J. , Morón M. , Fontenla S. , Vargas E. , Rojas C. , Arregui J. I.
Published: November 2022

An integrated and multiscale analysis has been performed to ensure safe reinjection of formation water into a sandstone saline aquifer during the lifecycle of an onshore field. The study includes well centered models to evaluate the possibility of creation and propagation of hydraulic fractures, paying special attention to vertical fracture containment within the target zone. The hydraulic fracture models are fed by geomechanical models that provide estimations of stresses and rock mechanical properties, and which include lithological and stress contrasts that replicate the drilling experience of the two injection wells. A 3D reservoir scale coupled geomechanical and fluid-flow model has been generated for integrity analysis of the target and seal formations, and faults, also analyzing the effect that injection operations could have on surface uplift. The most critical assumptions are considered in the assessment, like lower than expected fracture gradient, higher than expected injection rates, and mechanical and fluid flow parameters that favor hydraulic fracture propagation. The analyzed cases show how eventual fractures would be confined in height, only propagating laterally with a tendency of stabilizing and without affecting the integrity of nearby wells. No other type of rock failure nor fault reactivation is observed anywhere in the model.

Introduction

Reinjection of formation water that has been extracted along with hydrocarbons must be performed in a secure and safe manner. Geomechanics analysis can help in predicting the effect of pore-pressure increase associated to injection operations on the deformation and failure of rock (in target formation and in surrounding formations) as well as on the reactivation of faults, being both relevant aspects in ensuring safe operations during the field lifecycle.
Cenozoic Brittle Deformation in the Central Arabian Plate: Implications for the Tectonics of the Middle East
Authors: Pall I. C. , Gordon M. B. , Angelier J. , Hancock P. L.
Published: November 2022

Jurassic to Eocene sedimentary rocks in central Arabia have been deformed by faulting and jointing. We measured these structures in the field. Paleostress directions from these data demonstrate that successive extensional events occurred.

Introduction

The effects on platforms of distal tectonic events can be used to study the deformation in front of mountain belts (Bergerat, 1987) or between more highly deformed regions (Bergerat et al., 1992). These studies may yield clues to the directions of plate motion which may be difficult to decipher within the mountain belts due to the complexity of the deformation, or they may aid in determining the deformation process. Unlike regions previously studied in this context, the Arabian Platform is not just in front of a mountain belt such as the West European Platform (Bergerat, 1987) nor trapped between deformed zones such as the Colorado Plateau (Bergerat et al., 1992), but is the foreland of the Bitlis/Zagros/Oman deformation belt and is also near the Red Sea/Gulf of Aden which have been forming as small ocean basins simultaneously with convergence in the mountain belt. Previous workers have argued that the Red Sea/Gulf of Aden could not have formed as a "passive" rift related to the formation of the Bitlis/Zagros belt because the Arabian Platform is undeformed. In this paper, we show that the central Arabian platform has indeed been deformed and we link its deformation to tectonic events occurring on the margins of the Arabian plate supporting models for a passive origin of the Red Sea/Gulf of Aden (Gordon and Hempton, 1986; Hempton, 1987; Bohannon et al., 1989).
Experimental Study on True Triaxial Hydraulic Fracturing Based on Distributed Fibre-Optical Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Qixing , Hou Bing , Chang Zhi , Wang Su , Xie Jinyang
Published: November 2022

Fracturing stimulation is an essential means of developing unconventional oil and gas fields, and borehole monitoring technology is crucial to evaluate the result of reservoir stimulation. This paper introduces a distributed fibre-optical demodulator based on optical frequency domain reflectance (OFDR) in detail. Then, combined with large-scale true triaxial fracturing physical simulation equipment, the laboratory experiments of fracture monitoring of concrete samples were carried out with bare optical fibre. The experimental results show that OFDR optical fibre sensing technology can monitor the change of strain evolution with high spatial resolution and high accuracy in fracture initiation, propagation, and closure in the whole-time domain. When the pumping displacement is increased from 15mL/min to 50mL/min, the hydraulic fracture width generated after the fracturing of the concrete sample increases by about twice. Hydraulic fracture monitoring by distributed optical fibre sensors under true triaxial fracturing can provide reference and guidance for the oilfield stimulation and fracture monitoring technology.

Introduction

Cross-well monitoring technology represented by microseism is one of the most mature evaluation methods after decades of development and practice (Hou et al., 2022a; Zhang et al., 2021). However, microseismic monitoring technology has many disadvantages, such as difficult interpretation, poor timeliness, many noise points, and high cost (Hou et al., 2019a; Hou et al., 2019b). It cannot be monitored in the same well, which cannot meet the needs of industrial reservoir stimulation and evaluation. In-well monitoring technology based on optical fibre has entered the vision of oilfield engineers.
The Impact of Enterprise Risk Management and Sustainability Reporting on Business Performance of Listed Enterprises on Vietnam Stock Market
Authors: Anh Nguyen Thuy , Hoa Tran Phuong
Published: November 2022

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is becoming a critical issue in the current dynamic environment where organizations have been exposed to more risks from different perspectives. Additionally, Sustainability Reporting also emerges as one of the burning topics in recent management literature. This paper examines whether ERM implementation and Sustainability Reporting could bring any effect on the business performance of Vietnamese listed companies. The paper constructs the index to measure the level of ERM implementation of listed firms in Vietnam and uses the generalized least square method (GLS) to analyze the impact of these two concerns on business performance.  The regression results indicate that there are significant positive relationships between ERM as well as Sustainability Reporting and the business performance of listed companies on the Vietnam stock exchange over the period 2016-2019. The result strengthens the previous studies that companies with more sustainability disclosure and more efficient ERM implementation are likely to be better in terms of financial performance and market performance.  Moreover, there is growing support for the argument that companies will improve their performance by employing the ERM concept and enhancing sustainability transparency to stakeholders.
Current Situation and Recommendations for Promoting Employee Commendation in Enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Thuy Pham Thu
Published: November 2022

Human resource development plays a key role for every business. In human resourceattraction and development policies, commendation is regarded by enterprises as an effectivemeasure for encouraging employees to dedicate themselves to work. This paper analyzes thesignificance and practices of commendation in Vietnamese enterprises, and then proposes somesolutions for the enterprises to strengthen commendation for employees.
PENYULUHAN PENCEGAHAN BAHAYA BAKTERI SALMONELLA Sp. SEBAGAI PENCETUS INFEKSI DEMAM TIFOID ATAU TIFUS
Authors: Nofri Eka Yuliandi  , Aulia Mutiara Hikmah
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Typhoid fever or typhus can be caused by the bacteria Salmonella Sp. contained in eggs. Handling eggs properly can avoid the risk of typhoid fever. People who have a weakened immune system are particularly at risk of developing typhoid fever. This service is aimed at the community, especially housewives who often consume eggs in the form of counseling and distributing online questionnaires about the dangers of Salmonella sp. which can infect humans if the handling and processing is not good. Counseling is carried out online through zoom meetings with 33.33% housewives, 57.15% working people, and 9.52% students. After the counseling was carried out, the authors evaluated the knowledge of the extension participants before the presentation of the material and after the presentation of the material. The results obtained are participants can increase their knowledge with a percentage of 80.96% having answered correctly the questions given.

Keyword: Exposure; egg; Salmonella Sp.

ABSTRAK

Demam tifoid atau tifus dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella Sp. yang terdapat pada telur. Penanganan telur yang baik dapat menghindari risiko dari demam tifoid. Orang yang memiliki sistem kekebalan tubuh yang rendah sangat berisiko terkena dampak demam tifoid. Pengabdian ini ditujukan kepada masyarakat, khususnya ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang sering mengonsumsi telur dalam bentuk penyuluhan dan pembagian kuesioner secara daring mengenai bahaya bakteri Salmonella Sp. yang bisa menginfeksi manusia jika penanganan dan pengolahannya tidak baik. Penyuluhan dilakukan secara daring melalui zoom meeting dengan peserta Ibu Rumah Tangga sebanyak 33,33 %, orang yang bekerja 57,15%, dan mahasiswa sebesar 9,52%. Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan, penulis melakukan evaluasi pengetahuan para peserta penyuluhan sebelum pemaparan materi dan sesudah pemaparan materi. Hasil yang didapat adalah peserta dapat meningkat pengetahuannya dengan persentase 80,96% sudah menjawab dengan benar pertanyaan yang diberikan.

Kata Kunci: penyuluhan; telur; Salmonella Sp.
SOSIALISASI PENGENALAN KEUANGAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH PADA SISWA MTS AL-UTSMANI KAJEN
Authors: Aini Sarifatussaniyah  , Naila Adiba  , Assa'adatul Kamilah  , Hendri Hermawan Adinugraha
Published: November 2022

Sharia banks have shown very rapid development, but there are still many people who have not understood Sharia banking, differences in sharia and conventional banks and what is sharia banking products. This service is done to help students better recognize the sharia banking finance in order to entrust them to save their money or invest their money to sharia banks or other sharia based financial institutions. They results show that is important to introduce sharia banking to increase the trust of sharia banks. This socialization is important as the form of introduction of sharia banking and entrusting the saving of funds in the sharia bank. Through this method of sosalization of students can easily understand banking sharia finances.
A leitura de fragmentos de Eduardo Galeano:
Authors: Costa-Tatsch Matheus da , Cardoso Rosane Maria
Published: November 2022

Eduardo Galeano, com seus escritos críticos, fragmentários e subalternos, é certamente um dos personagens mais conhecidos da literatura uruguaia, embora ainda seja pouco abordado na academia. O presente artigo trata de apresentar a abordagem dos seus textos no ensino escolar e a importância não só da sua escrita, como da própria figura do autor no contexto latino-americano. A obra de Galeano, carregada de potência crítica e reflexiva sobre a América Latina, transita pelos mais variados temas, tais como particularidades regionais, cotidiano, temas sociais, arte, política ou futebol, entre outros. Neste estudo, discute-se o gênero fragmento utilizado por Galeano como proposta de leitura na sala de aula. Para tanto, busca-se apoio teórico em Gustavo Bombini, pesquisador de políticas e práticas de leitura, e em Annie Rouxel e seu grupo de pesquisa que investigam a subjetividade leitora. Com base nesses conceitos, defende-se a perspectiva que os textos de Eduardo Galeano permitem ao leitor o exercício da alteridade e do reconhecimento de si como parte da identidade latino-americana.
Von Computerspielen und Doppelgängern. Die Verifizierung als Basis redaktioneller Entscheidungen im Ukraine-Krieg
Authors: Maas Julia , Ratering Jörn
Published: November 2022

The Ukraine war provides an endless number of images and videos every day - the majority of them without clearly identifiable authorship. "True or fake?" and "To broadcast or not to broadcast?" have become central guiding questions in journalism. In this context, this essay looks at current examples from the Ukraine war and formu- lates five lessons for journalism and verification.
Legitimation durch Verfassunggebung
Authors: Herbst Tobias
Published: November 2022

Trotz der Arbeiten des EU-Verfassungskonvents zweifeln viele an der Möglichkeit europäischer Verfassunggebung, weil die EU kein Staat ist und es kein einheitliches EU-Volk gibt.

Tobias Herbst untersucht, wie Hoheitsgewalt durch Verfassunggebung legitimiert werden kann. Dabei kritisiert er die simplifizierende »urheberorientierte« Vorstellung, dass legitime Verfassunggebung auf ein einheitliches, souveränes Staatsvolk zurückgehen müsse. Unter Rückgriff auf die Verfassungstheorien der Amerikanischen und der Französischen Revolution und auf die Theorie des Gesellschaftsvertrages entwirft Herbst ein Prinzipienmodell der Verfassunggebung mit drei zum Teil gegenläufigen Legitimitätsprinzipien: Freiheitssicherung, kollektive Autonomie und dauerhafte Konsensfähigkeit. Aus diesem Modell lassen sich Aussagen über die Legitimität staatlicher und supranationaler Verfassungen gewinnen. Europäische Verfassunggebung ist demnach jedenfalls möglich und setzt kein einheitliches, souveränes EU-Volk voraus.

Das Buch erhellt den staatsphilosophischen Hintergrund der gegenwärtigen Diskussion über eine Europäische Verfassung und spricht damit Juristen, Politikwissenschaftler und interessierte Laien an.
Online research on COVID-19—The role of content ranking and COVID-19 fear
Authors: Bagarić Branka , Jokić-Begić Nataša
Published: November 2022

Cyberchondria is defined as excessive online health research followed by distress. Theoretical models of cyberchondria suggest that it can be influenced by both characteristics of the internet (content, information ranking, amount and quality of information) and individual vulnerability factors (general health anxiety or COVID-19 fear). In order to simultaneously explore the role of both factors, an innovative search engine software (Foogle) was developed and used in the present study that enables manipulation of the presented content and content ranking while also recording users’ online behavior. A total of 36 participants with high and 28 participants with low COVID-19 fear searched for the long-term health effects of COVID-19 using Foogle. They were presented with search engine results that rank long-term health effects of COVID-19 from more to less severe or vice versa (randomized). Results revealed that participants who were presented with articles describing more to less severe long-term COVID-19 health effects accessed articles with a higher mean severity index. In general, participants spent more time on articles depicting more severe content. Participants with high COVID-19 fear felt more anxious post-search than those with low COVID-19 fear and expressed a greater wish to continue searching.