bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrograde Versus Antegrade Approach for the Endovascular Treatment of Symptomatic Femoropopliteal Disease: Results of the 2-Year Follow Up
Authors: Khalil Emced , Ozcan Sedat
Published: May 2020

Objective: To compare the antegrade and retrograde approaches, in terms of access site complications and long-term patency in subjects undergoing EVT for symptomatic SFA or popliteal artery stenosis or occlusions.
Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent retrograde recanalization for partial stenosis or chronic total occlusion of the SFA or PA at 2 centers were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, according to the approach selected for EVT as antegrade approach group or retrograde approach group. The rate of primary patency, which was defined as the lack of restenosis at the target lesion, was the primary outcome measure, during the follow-up evaluations. The rate of procedural complications, including hematoma, bleeding, and distal embolism, were secondary outcome measures.
Results: A significant improvement occurred in ABI, following the intervention in both the antegrade approach group [0.7 (0.3 - 1.1) versus 0.85 (0.4 - 1.3), P < 0.001] and retrograde approach group [0.5 (0.3 - 1.1) versus 0.8 (0.3 - 1.3), P < .001]. The primary patency rate at the 1st, 6th, 12th and 24th months of the intervention in the antegrade approach group were 94.85%, 83.82%, 74.26%, and 66.91%, respectively. The primary patency rate at the 1st, 6th, 12th, and 24th months of the intervention in the retrograde approach group were 93.33%, 86.67%, 84.44%, and 71.11%, respectively. The groups were similar with respect to the primary patency rates. The rate of complications, including hematoma, bleeding, and distal embolization was similar in the 2 groups.
Conclusion: Antegrade approach and retrograde approach provide a similar safety profile in the EVT of SFA and popliteal artery stenosis and occlusion. The primary patency rates at the 1st, 6th, 12th, and 24th months of follow up also were similar in the 2 groups. However, the significant difference in the lesion characteristics of the subjects undergoing retrograde or antegrade approach complicates the ability to reach a clear conclusion, regarding the superiority of one technique over the other.
MNase Profiling of Promoter Chromatin in Salmonella typhimurium-Stimulated GM12878 Cells Reveals Dynamic and Response-Specific Nucleosome Architecture
Authors: Cole Lauren , Dennis Jonathan
Published: May 2020

The nucleosome is the primary unit of chromatin structure and commonly imputed as a regulator of nuclear events, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have shown that certain nucleosomes can have different sensitivities to micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion, resulting in the release of populations of nucleosomes dependent on the concentration of MNase. Mapping MNase sensitivity of nucleosomes at transcription start sites genome-wide reveals an important functional nucleosome organization that correlates with gene expression levels and transcription factor binding. In order to understand nucleosome distribution and sensitivity dynamics during a robust genome response, we mapped nucleosome position and sensitivity using multiple concentrations of MNase. We used the innate immune response as a model system to understand chromatin-mediated regulation. Herein we demonstrate that stimulation of a human lymphoblastoid cell line (GM12878) with heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST) results in changes in nucleosome sensitivity to MNase. We show that the HKST response alters the sensitivity of -1 nucleosomes at highly expressed promoters. Finally, we correlate the increased sensitivity with response-specific transcription factor binding. These results indicate that nucleosome sensitivity dynamics reflect the cellular response to HKST and pave the way for further studies that will deepen our understanding of the specificity of genome response.
Education, historical memory and civil identity: vectors of influence (on the example of students of Republic of Mordovia)
Authors: Dadaeva Tatyana M.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article presents for the first time the results of the study of the influence of education, historical memory on the formation of civil identity of modern students of the Republic of Mordovia. Clarification and identification of the vectors of historical memory influence in the formation of civic identity through the prism of the education level of young people not only allows to set the existing problems and contradictions, but also to determine the dominant factors and mechanisms (tools) the formation of youth historical memory to effectively use them to reinforce patriotic education, active involvement of the younger generation to meaningful social events of the Russian history through various social institutions such as education, science, art, cinema, media. Materials and Methods. In the course of the study was used a sociological survey of students of universities and colleges of the Republic of Mordovia. Quota sampling by sex, age and level of education was applied. The sample amounted to 586 h. data processing was carried out by using the statistical software package SPSS Base 21.0. Processing techniques made identification of correlation between individual parameters, the Pearson’s Chi-squared. Results. It is based on the identified vectors of mutual influence of education, the historical memory of the civilian identity of student youth set a certain ambivalence and inconsistency in the perception of the historical events of the past among young people, on the one hand is a high assessment of the achievements of the Soviet period, when the collective positive memory of the Soviet past prevails, forming positive attitude to the event the youth is the foundation for sustainable nationwide identity, on the other hand, the events of the modern history of Russia are not significant in the historical consciousness of young people. The author established the importance of the level of education of young people when choosing the main events – “nodes” of memory, events-regret (oblivion), sources of formation. Discussion and Conclusion The question of the influence of individual memory (family memories) on the construction of students’ identity and its comparison with the influence of collective memory remains open, which requires further research. The obtained results expand and supplement knowledge in the field of sociology of youth and memory studies, and can also be used as scientific and methodological recommendations in the development of curricula for teaching historical knowledge in the system of school, secondary vocational and higher education and in priorities determining in the system of youth patriotic education.
Financial aspects of the formation of the Provisional government police on the example of the Temnikovsky district of the Tambov province
Authors: Kistanov Sergey V.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article is devoted to the financial problems of creating a provisional government militia in the spring and autumn of 1917. The territory of the Temnikovsky district of the Tambov province was used as a platform. Materials and Methods. The materials of the Central state archive of the Republic of Mordovia were used to study the problem. When analyzing the materials, the author used the historical-genetic method and the micro-historical approach. Results. The main task of the study is to determine the financial problems created at the regional level during the creation of the police. By attracting new sources, it was possible to trace the amount of funding allocated by the Temnikovsky district and town authorities for the creation and operation of this important tool of public peace. It is noted that local authorities have not been able to positively resolve the issue of financing employees, even their top managers, because of the disorganization of the country’s financial system after the February revolution. It is also noted that the authorities are trying to remove some of their financial obligations and try to transfer them to the Central authorities. Discussion and Conclusions. The financial activities of the city and County authorities led from the very beginning to a shortage of personnel of the Temnikovsky militia. The further policy of the local leadership led to a gradual reduction in the number of town police officers by more than 2 times. By the autumn of 1917, it became clear that the reduced funding of police officers was not able to maintain their standard of living at an acceptable level, which led to the actual inability of the local police to protect the interests of the authorities in late 1917 and early 1918.
Productividad de vacas lecheras suplementadas con ensilaje de haba alpargata o remolacha forrajera
Authors: Nieto Sierra David Felipe , Lagos Burbano Elizabeth , Avellaneda Avellaneda Yesid , Castro Rincón Edwin
Published: May 2020

Introducción. Los sistemas de producción de leche son afectados por el cambio climático, presentan estacionalidad en la producción forrajera, y sumado a esto, predominan razas con altas exigencias nutricionales, lo que conlleva a que los productores acudan permanentemente al uso de concentrados que incrementan los costos de producción. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la producción y calidad de la leche en vacas suplementadas con ensilaje de haba alpargata (Vicia faba L.) y remolacha forrajera (Beta vulgaris L.). Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre julio y agosto del 2018 en el Centro de Investigación Obonuco de AGROSAVIA, municipio de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Se emplearon doce vacas de la raza F1 (Kiwi Cross X Holstein), de primer parto (93 días de lactancia), con un peso vivo promedio de 460 kg. Fueron mantenidas en potreros con gramíneas, leguminosas y agua ad libitum. Durante tres periodos de quince días cada uno, se evaluaron tres niveles de inclusión de ensilaje (0, 4 y 8 kg día-1) de haba y remolacha, mediante un diseño experimental cuadrado latino 3x3 para cada especie. Se registró la producción diaria por animal y se determinó la calidad composicional de la leche (grasa, proteína, sólidos totales y nitrógeno ureico en leche MUN). Resultados. Con el mayor nivel de inclusión (8 kg vaca-1 día-1), el ensilaje de haba alpargata tuvo efecto (p<0,05) en el porcentaje de proteína, mientras que, el ensilaje de remolacha forrajera influyó (p<0,05) en el porcentaje de grasa. Ambas especies no influyeron en la producción, sólidos totales y MUN. Conclusión. El suministro de ensilajes de haba y remolacha tuvieron efecto en la calidad composicional de la leche, siendo alternativas alimenticias en los sistemas de producción de leche del trópico alto de Nariño, que disminuyen la estacionalidad y el reemplazo de fuentes comunes.
Evaluación técnica-económica de la frecuencia de suplementación de novillos en pastoreo en Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Mestra Vargas Lorena In´´és , Barragán Hernández Wilson Andrés , Medina Herrera Diego Andrés , Flórez Díaz Hernando
Published: May 2020

Introducción. La producción de carne bovina se ve afectada por la estacionalidad forrajera y el costo de alimentación. La evaluación de diferentes frecuencias de alimentación en función de la pastura, podría sugerir una práctica apropiada para mejorar la rentabilidad. Objetivo. Evaluar técnica y económicamente la frecuencia de suplementación de novillos de ceba Brahman en pastoreo. Materiales y métodos. En el valle medio del Río Sinú, Colombia, se utilizaron 108 novillos distribuidos en un diseño de parcelas divididas en tres pasturas (Cynodon nlemfuensis, Megathyrsus maximus y Brachiaria hybrida, parcela principal) y tres esquemas de suplementación (subparcela): todos los días (STD), cada dos días (SDpM) y sin suplementación (SS). En el animal se evaluó la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) y características morfométricas. En la canal: peso, rendimiento, longitud, perímetro de pierna, espesor de grasa e índice de compacidad. Los resultados biofísicos alimentaron la evaluación financiera de la tecnología implementada. Resultados. Hubo interacción entre la pastura y la frecuencia de suplementación (p<0,05) sobre la GDP. La mayor GDP se observó en animales de los tratamientos STD y en la gramínea C. nlemfuensis (680 g día-1), mientras que con la pastura de B. hybrida cv Mulato II en SDpM se encontró la menor GDP (500 g día-1). Hubo efecto (p<0,05) de la dieta en la longitud corporal (150 vs 152 cm para novillos no suplementados y suplementados, respectivamente). No hubo diferencias (p<0,05) entre tratamientos, sobre las características de la canal. Conclusiones. La respuesta biológica en GDP no compensó el costo operativo diferencial en animales suplementados. Es necesario evaluar nuevas dietas con materias primas y niveles de inclusión que contribuyan al aumento de la producción animal, para generar una respuesta diferencial del beneficio técnico y económico de la tecnología.
E-Learning in Dental Schools in the Times of COVID-19: A Review and Analysis of an Educational Resource in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chavarría-Bolaños Daniel , Gómez-Fernández Adrián , Dittel-Jiménez Carmen , Montero-Aguilar Mauricio
Published: May 2020

While countries are facing different stages in their COVID-19 infection rates, worldwide there are millions of students affected by universities’ facilities closures due to the pandemic. Some institutions have enforced strategies to transfer some courses to a virtual modality, but many Dental Schools have been challenged to deal with a situation which requires emergency measures to continue the academic course in the middle of lock-downs and social distancing measures. Despite the fact that the number of online academic programs available, especially graduate programs, has increased in diverse modalities, this pandemic forced e-learning processes to develop abruptly. The likelihood of using e-learning strategies in dentistry was substantiated in the scientific literature and an overview of these opportunities is presented. Additionally, the experience of the University of Costa Rica Faculty of Dentistry is presented, as it was evident that some of the key elements in a e-learning environment needed a quick enhancement and initiation of some processes was required. First, it was necessary to categorize the academic courses depending on their virtualization's possibility (curricula analysis and classification), to better understand the extent of the impact and the work needed to contain, as far as the possibilities allowed, negative consequences on students learning process. Second, teachers needed further training in the application of virtual strategies which they hadn’t used before. do Third, an evaluation of the students’ conditions and needs was conducted in a form of a survey. Finally, teachers and students activated the available virtual platforms. For many Dental Schools, this virtualization process is an ongoing progress although it was abruptly imposed, but this moment indeed represents an enormous opportunity to move forward and get immerse in the virtualization environment as a teaching/learning experience.
Blood metabolic profile tests at dairy cattle farms as useful tools for animal health management
Authors: MADRESEH-GHAHFAROKHI S. , DEHGHANI-SAMANI A. , DEHGHANI-SAMANI A.
Published: May 2020

Blood metabolic profile tests are simple cost-effective biochemical tests which are mostly used to identi-fy nutritional and/or management challenges in dairy cattle herds, but they also can be simply used to find animals which are clinically healthy, but really have some hidden problems like low production performance, reproductive diseases and/or long calving intervals and other sub-clinical diseases. Rou-tine metabolic profile tests commonly consist of blood glucose, urea, albumin, cholesterol, beta-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acids values, as well as sodium, potassium, chloride, calci-um, magnesium and inorganic phosphate levels. Briefly, the current review discusses blood metabolic profile tests, their importance, introduces an easy method for it, emphasises on the relation between blood metabolic profile parameters and many important sub-clinical diseases including ketosis, milk fever, mastitis, cystic ovaries, displaced abomasum and etc., and indicates that because of its simplicity, low cost and easy for analysis results, it can be considered as a good method for diagnosis of important diseases at dairy cattle farms.
Pesan Dakwah Dalam Buku GAPLEH
Authors: Saepulloh Agus , Fachruddin Tjetjep , Yuliani Yuliani
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis  isi pesan dakwah pada buku Gapleh “Gaul Tapi Soleh”. Secara rinci tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pesan dakwah dari segi akidah, akhlak, dan syariah yang terkandung dalam buku Gapleh karya Ustad Evie Effendie. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, didasarkan pada asumsi teori analisis isi yang dikembangkan oleh Harold D. Lasswell, untuk memperoleh keterangan dari komunikasi yang disampaikan dalam buku, dan teknik pengumpulan data mengguanakan studi dokumentasi, wawancara  dan pengamatan pada buku Gapleh karya Ustad Evie Effendie. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pesan dakwah pada buku Gapleh karya Ustad Evie Effendie, terdapat kategori pesan dakwah seperti yang telah dipilah yaitu menjadi tiga bagian pesan, diantaranya (a) akidah meliputi nilai-nilai keimanan seseorang muslim. (b) syariah meliputi ibadah yang harus dilaksanakan oleh seorang muslim, dan (c) akhlak meliputi nilai-nilai mengenai pembahasan tentang cara perilaku seseorang terhadap Allah, manusia dan lingkungannya.

This study tried to study and analyze the contents of the da'wah message in the book "Gapul But Soleh". In detail the purpose of this study is to find out the message of preaching in terms of aqeedah, morals, and sharia contained in the book Gapleh by Ustadh Evie Effendie. The research method used is a qualitative method, based on the assumption of content analysis theory developed by Harold D. Lasswell, to obtain information from the communication conveyed in the book, and data collection techniques using documentation studies, interviews and briefings on the book Gapleh by Ustad Evie Effendie. The results of this study show da'wah messages on Gapleh's book by Ustadh Evie Effendie, including the category of da'wah messages as they have been divided into three parts of the message, so that (a) the aqid Share the values ​​of one's Muslim faith. (b) shari'a about worship that must be carried out by a Muslim, and (c) adding values ​​about the discussion of how to make one's relationship with God, humans and their environment.
Determinant Factors And Health Implications Of Early Marriage On The Girl Child In Otuan Community Bayelsa State Of Nigeria
Authors: Beredugo Letticia Ikiomoye , Adeyanju Awoniyi Babafemi , Nkamare Maureen Bunadoumene , Amabebe Binaebi
Published: May 2020

The practice of early marriage for women remains rampant in developing nations around the world today, and it is a major problem contributing to maternal ill health and death in Nigeria. It has consequence on both social and health of not only the girl child but the children born to these young mothers. The aim of the study is to identify the determinant factors and health implications of early marriage on the girl-child in Otuan Community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A descriptive study was done using a descriptive cross-sectional survey type of design, One hundred and thirteen (113) respondents were recruited for the study. A self-developed pilot tested questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The instrument was face validated by three experts in the field of Nursing and research; reliability was established using the test retested method and a retest coefficient of 0.82 was arrived at; and data generated were analysed. The study found that; majority of the respondents identified poverty/economic hardship, tradition and culture of the people, area of settlement, peer group and parental neglect as determinant factors that influences early girl-child marriage. The respondents also identified maternal and infant death, sexually transmitted diseases, child disability, prolonged sickness after birth and psychosocial problems as health implication of early girl-child marriage. The study further revealed that the girls had experienced excessive bleeding, anaemia, and prolonged/obstructed labour as complications during pregnancy. The study found that increased educational attainment among girls, risks, change of cultural norms that support early child marriage, and provision of economic opportunities for girls and their families as ways of preventing early girl-child marriage. it is recommended that proper education of girls and parents on the associated risk of early girl-child marriage and formulation of laws and policies to protect adolescent is advocated.
Nomophobia: An emerging fear
Authors: Bala Madhu , Chaudhary Neetu
Published: May 2020

In the current time, the use of technologies has become propensity more than necessity. Nobody has gotten away from them nor left youth or old. It's totally relying upon us How to utilize it? One such live innovation is a Smartphone. At only one touch we approach any data about the entire world. It is very easy to carry in our pocket so everyone can use it anytime whenever. Smartphone has some constructive as well as some cynical aspects too. Nomophobia is a negative face of the smartphone. Nomophobia is the irrational dread of being without cell phones or being not able to utilize phones (situational phobia) for some reason such as some signal or battery issues. Theprimary point of the current research is to find out the proportion of Nomophobia among understudies with regardof gender and age in Agra city. For this purpose, a total number of 300 students were selected by randomization (150 males and 150 females) from the age scope of 15-20 years. The data was taken by using a self-administered questionnaire NMP-Q developed by Yilidirim and Correia. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mean and Chi-square. Results revealed that there is a significant difference between male and female score on nomophobia. The other result indicates that early adolescents positively related to Nomophobia as compare to late adolescents. In India, one person can use multiple cell phones. There is no minimum age to use mobile phones. It is adding fuel to the pre-existing problem of Nomophobia. Telecom Administrative Authority of India (TRAI) should assume a functioning job by making an arrangement/law that "setting based methodology" on cell phone limitations among individuals ought to be followed. A demonstration will be detailed, under this demonstration. There ought to choose the least age for portable use. It will assist a great deal with curbing the circumstance.
A Case Study of Psychopathology and Personality Processes in Twins of Indian Origin
Authors: Banerjee Saranya , Ray Deepshikha
Published: May 2020

Twin studies have mostly focused on the pattern of maladaptive behaviour manifested by the twins and their biological basis but the findings have remained controversial till date. The present case study explores the psychopathology in 14 year old twins of Indian origin. They were referred for psychometric assessment and psychotherapy for their conduct problems. The tools administered on them during psychometric assessment are Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC-IV), Rorschach Inkblot Test (RIBT) and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Findings are discussed in terms of the personality processes and relationship quality of the twins.
Differences in Identity Development of Adolescents with their Ordinal Position
Authors: Bhatt Maneesha , Khadi Pushpa
Published: May 2020

Present study assessed and compared the identity development of adolescents across their ordinal position and class. It was conducted among urban and rural PUC students of Dharwad and Tanakpur in the age group of 16-18 years who were randomly selected from four science coaching institutes of Dharwad (Karnataka) and three science coaching institutes of Tanakpur (Uttarakhand). Samples included 10 to 15 per cent students from each class (PUC-I and PUC-II) of coaching institutes that constituted an overall 592 students. General information schedule and Dimensions of Identity Development Scale were used to gather basic information about respondents and to assess their identity development. The results of the present study revealed that, PUC-II students scored better in identity development than PUC-I students in both the places. With respect to ordinal position, first born PUC students of Dharwad had higher identity development than later born. However, no significant association and difference was observed between ordinal position and identity development of Tanakpur PUC students. Thus, differential effect of ordinal position and class were observed on identity development of PUC students.
A OPÇÃO PELOS CURSOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO
Authors: Andrade Paula Danyelle Santana de , Melo Sônia Pinto de Albuquerque
Published: May 2020

Os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia têm ocupado um papel importante na oferta do Ensino Médio Integrado (EMI). Segundo Ciavatta (2014), Ramos (2010) e Moura (2010), o EMI trata-se de uma possibilidade de superação da dualidade educacional historicamente constituída no Brasil. Destarte, buscou-se compreender sobre a importância da escolha consciente dos estudantes acerca dos cursos técnicos integrados. Assim, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o histórico da trajetória desses institutos, tratando da relação entre a educação básica e a profissional. Trouxe-se a concepção de EMI, demonstrando o papel que esse formato de ensino tem para a sociedade. Posteriormente, tratou-se sobre a importância de uma escolha consciente pelos estudantes ao optarem por um curso do EMI. Com isso, verificamos que muitos os alunos optam por ingressar nos técnicos integrados ao ensino médio por influências externas, muitas vezes, distanciando-se de seus projetos de futuro.
VIVE NUM ABACAXI DEBAIXO DO MAR: a subjetividade e o trabalho
Authors: Oliveira Felipe , Silva Alana , Santos Débora , Farias Geazi
Published: May 2020

A filmografia é a arte que facilita a construção de uma ligação entre os assuntos teóricos e realidade prática de uma determinada situação, com a utilização de filmes, desenhos animados e até séries. No desenho infantil Bob Esponja Calça Quadrada, percebemos um ambiente empresarial muito detalhado e rico para estudos, assim, questiona-se, de que forma é retratada a ideia de subjetividade e trabalho em Bob Esponja? Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de verificar como é retratada a ideia de subjetividade e trabalho em um desenho infantil, muito conhecido por pessoas de várias faixas-etária. Para auxiliar esse objetivo, este estudo adota as seguintes etapas: levantamento bibliográfico sobre os assuntos; mapeamento de episódios específico e análise das características dos personagens do desenho. Esta pesquisa é aplicada, qualitativa, abdutiva, dedutiva, explicativa, exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica, telematizada e Ex Post Facto. Com isso, chegando a seguinte conclusão, os personagens da película representam características humanas, sendo o desenho uma crítica para a sociedade, tornando-se assim, uma alegoria.
Molecular Subtyping of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers by Immunohistochemistry: Molecular Basis and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Zhao Shen , Ma Ding , Xiao Yi , Li Xiao-Mei , Ma Jian-Li , Zhang Han , Xu Xiao-Li , Lv Hong , Jiang Wen-Hua , Yang Wen-Tao , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Zhang Qing-Yuan , Shao Zhi-Ming
Published: May 2020

Background

Molecular subtyping of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) via gene expression profiling is essential for understanding the molecular essence of this heterogeneous disease and for guiding individualized treatment. We aim to devise a clinically practical method based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the molecular subtyping of TNBCs.

Materials and Methods

By analyzing the RNA sequencing data on TNBCs from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) (n = 360) and The Cancer Genome Atlas data set (n = 158), we determined markers that can identify specific molecular subtypes. We performed immunohistochemical staining on tumor sections of 210 TNBCs from FUSCC, established an IHC-based classifier, and applied it to another two cohorts (n = 183 and 214).

Results

We selected androgen receptor (AR), CD8, FOXC1, and DCLK1 as immunohistochemical markers and classified TNBCs into five subtypes based on the staining results: (a) IHC-based luminal androgen receptor (IHC-LAR; AR-positive [+]), (b) IHC-based immunomodulatory (IHC-IM; AR-negative [−], CD8+), (c) IHC-based basal-like immune-suppressed (IHC-BLIS; AR−, CD8−, FOXC1+), (d) IHC-based mesenchymal (IHC-MES; AR−, CD8−, FOXC1−, DCLK1+), and (e) IHC-based unclassifiable (AR−, CD8−, FOXC1−, DCLK1−). The κ statistic indicated substantial agreement between the IHC-based classification and mRNA-based classification. Multivariate survival analysis suggested that our IHC-based classification was an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival. Transcriptomic data and pathological observations implied potential treatment strategies for different subtypes. The IHC-LAR subtype showed relative activation of HER2 pathway. The IHC-IM subtype tended to exhibit an immune-inflamed phenotype characterized by the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumor parenchyma. The IHC-BLIS subtype showed high expression of a VEGF signature. The IHC-MES subtype displayed activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Conclusion

We developed an IHC-based approach to classify TNBCs into molecular subtypes. This IHC-based classification can provide additional information for prognostic evaluation. It allows for subgrouping of TNBC patients in clinical trials and evaluating the efficacy of targeted therapies within certain subtypes.
Gama ışınıyla (Kobalt 60) elde edilmiş mutant elma popülasyonunda sonbahar yaprak renk değişimi
Authors: ATAY Ayşe Nilgün , ATAY Ersin , KUNTER Burak
Published: May 2020

Elmanın da yer aldığı ılıman iklim meyve türlerinde, sonbaharda yapraklara yeşil rengi veren klorofil parçalanmaya başlamakta ve yaprak dökümü öncesi renk değişimleri meydana gelmektedir. Sonbaharda görülen bu farklı yaprak renklerinin, basitçe yaprak yaşlanmasının tesadüfi bir sonucu olmadığı kabul edilmekte ve bu konuda foto-koruma ve hayvan-bitki etkileşimlerine dayanan farklı hipotezler öne sürülmektedir. Özellikle antosiyanin kaynaklı kırmızı gibi koyu pigmentli yaprakların koruyucu veya savunma gibi bir işaret taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sonbaharda yapraklarda görülen renk değişimleri hakkındaki mevcut bilgi birikimini arttırmak ve konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasına yardımcı olabilmek amacıyla ‘Amasya’ elmasında gama ışını uygulaması ile elde edilmiş mutant popülasyonda (n=375) sonbahar yaprak rengi değişimleri incelenmiştir. Renk kodlamaları, rengin yaprakların %80'inden fazla veya az olma durumuna göre tanımlanmış ve her çeşit veya mutant birey için ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda popülasyonun %82’sinin sonbaharda sarı yaprak rengine sahip olduğu ve orijinal ‘Amasya’ elması ile aynı yaprak rengi grubunda yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Crissp Pink’ ve ‘Braeburn’ gibi ticari çeşitlerin sonbaharda yaprak renklerinin ‘Amasya’ elmasına kıyasla oldukça yeşil kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Popülasyonda yaprak rengi tamamen kırmızı olan birey bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak oldukça koyu pigmentlere sahip sarı-kırmızı grupta toplam popülasyonun %15’ini oluşturan 58 birey yer almıştır. Bu gruptaki bireylerde L* ve ho değerlerindeki azalış, daha yüksek antosiyanin pigmentine sahip olduğunun bir göstergesidir. Daha net bir polimorfizme sahip oldukları için yaprak rengi farklı mutantlar ile yapılacak sonraki çalışmalar sonbahardaki bu renk değişimlerinin anlaşılmasında önemli katkılar sağlayabilecektir.
Tanrı İmgesi Bağlamında Tanzimat Şiirinin Tarihselliği
Authors: Doğru Rabia
Published: May 2020

Tanzimat döneminde Batılılaşmanın etkisiyle çeşitli alanlarda belirmeye başlayan karmaşa, zamanla toplumda dinî geleneğe dayalı bilginin sorgulanmasına yol açmıştır. Dinî inanç alanındaki kavramların merkezinde bulunan “Tanrı” kavramı da, söz konusu sorgulamalardan kaçınılmaz olarak etkilenmiş ve bu etkiyle, edebî metinlerdeki Tanrı imgeleri de dönüşmeye başlamıştır. Sözü edilen bu dönüşüm sürerken, hem bu dönüşümü anlamamıza yol açacak hem de bu dönüşüme istikamet verip yön gösterecek kavramların neler olacağı, bir soru olarak karşımızda belirmektedir. Dil, benimsediği kendi geçmiş varlık tasavvurundan birdenbire kopamayacağı ve ne olursa olsun kendi içinde aynı zamanda süreklilik arz edeceği için, biz her ne kadar Tanzimat dönemi için bir dönüşümden bahsetsek de, bu dönüşümün hâlâ kendisine yaslanmak zorunda kaldığı bir geçmişin etkisi söz konusudur. Ayrıca inanç geleneğinin şekillendirdiği Tanrı imgesini, Tanzimat şiirinin tarihselliği üzerinden açığa çıkarma gayreti, Tanzimat şiirinin konumlandığı yeri daha iyi fark etmemizi sağlayacaktır. Buradan hareketle biz bu makalemizde, Tanzimat şiirinin gelenekle ilgisine ve tarihle paralel olarak gelenekten farklılaşan yanlarına, yani tarih/gelenek içerisinde nasıl konumlandığı meselesine işaret etmeye çalışacağız.
Approaching new piano literature: composition and interpretation of four piano etudes
Authors: Alunno Marco , Gomez-Bravo Andres
Published: May 2020

In the literature for solo instrument, etudes typically present different kinds of technical and expressive challenges. In fact, they often focus on unique and problematic aspects of performance on a specific instrument. The short group of piano etudes presented here has the same purpose, although, in some cases, it recalls writing techniques and melodic-rhythmical modules usually associated with composers and styles of both the past and present times. In this article in particular, four etudes (Scales, Expressive Fingering, Parallel Thirds and Broken Octaves) are briefly described and analyzed from both a compositional and an interpretive approach, given the case that both the composer and the interpreter were in contact during the creative and learning process of the pieces. The result of this kind of collaboration is twofold: a composition whose playability and effectiveness are warranted by the practice of the interpreter, and a performance with a better understanding of the direct wishes of the composer.
A method for isolating RNA from canine bone v2
Authors: Nance Rebecca , Agarwal Payal , Sandey Maninder , Starenki Dmytro , Koehler Jey , Mohin Sajib Abdul , F Smith Bruce
Published: May 2020

Extracting sufficient quantity and quality RNA from bone is essential for downstream application, such as transcriptomic sequencing, to evaluate gene expression. Isolation of RNA from bone presents a unique challenge owing to the hypocellular, brittle and mineralized matrix, which makes homogenizing the tissue difficult and provides little RNA to work with. Removal of contaminating tissue, such as bone marrow and connective tissue, is essential for isolating RNA that is unique to osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes. This protocol establishes a method to effectively isolate RNA from normal canine bone cells using the second phalanx, withoutcontamination from other tissue types, for downstream transcriptomic analysis. This method combines physical manipulation to remove exterior tissue, washing and centrifugation to remove cells and fat within the diaphysis, homogenization using a mortar and pestle on dry ice prior to bead dissociation, followed by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction and column purification to yield sufficiant quantity and quality RNA from canine phalanges. The second phalanx was chosen due to its size small enough to fit into a 1.7 mL microfuge tube, but large enough to provide enough RNA. Mean RNA obtained using this protocol was 14.7 ug of RNA per gram of frozen bone.
Digital Literacy Key Performance Indicators for Sustainable Development
Authors: Radovanović Danica , Holst Christine , Belur Sarbani Banerjee , Srivastava Ritu , Houngbonon Georges Vivien , Le Quentrec Erwan , Miliza Josephine , Winkler Andrea S. , Noll Josef
Published: May 2020

The concept of digital literacy has been defined in numerous ways over the last two decades to incorporate rapid technological changes, its versatility, and to bridge the global digital divide. Most approaches have been technology-centric with an inherent assumption of cultural and political neutrality of new media technologies. There are multiple hurdles in every stage of digital literacy implementation. The lack of solutions such as local language digital interfaces, locally relevant content, digital literacy training, the use of icons and audio excludes a large fraction of illiterate people. In this article, we analyse case studies targeted at under-connected people in sub-Saharan Africa and India that use digital literacy programmes to build knowledge and health literacy, solve societal problems and foster development. In India, we focus on notable initiatives undertaken in the domain of digital literacy for rural populations. In Sub-Saharan Africa, we draw from an original project in Kenya aiming at developing digital literacy for youth from low-income backgrounds. We further focus on Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and Tanzania, where field studies have been conducted on the use of digital technologies by low-literacy people and on how audio and icon-based interfaces and Internet lite standard could help them overcome their limitations. The main objective of this article is to identify key performance indicators (KPIs) in the context of digital literacy skills as one of the pillars for digital inclusion. We will learn how digital literacy programmes can be used to build digital literacy and how KPIs for sustainable development can be established. In the final discussion, we offer lessons learned from the case studies and further recommendation for stakeholders and decision-makers in the field of digital health literacy.
Do Mobile Phones Help Expand Social Capital? An Empirical Case Study
Authors: Shema Alain , Garcia-Murillo Martha
Published: May 2020

The rapid adoption of mobile phones, particularly in developing countries, has led a number of researchers to investigate their impact on socioeconomic activity in the developing world. However, until the recent advent of smart communication devices, mobile phones were primarily a relations management technology that enabled people to stay connected with each other. In this article, we focus on this basic function and analyze how people use this technology as a tool to expand their social capital. We use a dataset containing more than three billion call detail records from Rwanda’s largest telecommunication operator, covering the whole country during the period from 1 July 2014 to 31 March 2015, and combine these records with data from the fourth Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda in 2015. We found that people’s calling patterns significantly correlated with the income level of their region, which also dictated the destinations of their calls, with middle-income regions acting as a link between the richest and the poorest regions. From these results, we propose a framework for understanding the role of mobile phones in the development of social capital.
Configuring the Older Non-User: Between Research, Policy and Practice of Digital Exclusion
Authors: Gallistl Vera , Rohner Rebekka , Seifert Alexander , Wanka Anna
Published: May 2020

Older adults face significant barriers when accessing the Internet. What can be done to address these barriers? This article analyses existing strategies to tackle the age-related digital divide on three different levels: research, policy and practice. It analyses (1) scientific conceptualisations that are used when studying Internet use and non-use in later life, (2) policies that address older adults’ Internet (non-)use in Austria and (3) characteristics of older Austrian non-users of the Internet based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, wave 6). Analysis shows that Austrian policy tends to emphasise the individual responsibility to learn digital technologies, while placing a lower priority on structural issues, such as investments in infrastructure. However, SHARE data shows that only a small percentage of older non-users of the Internet is in fact reached with such interventions. Thus, this article suggests that policy needs to base its strategies on more refined understandings of Internet use and non-use in later life as well as a more nuanced image of the older non-user. A perspective of critical-cultural gerontology, as laid out in this article, highlights that technology adoption is a domestication process that takes place in the everyday lives of older adults, and it is these processes that interventions that tackle the age-related digital divide should take as a starting point.
The Relationship of Basic Psychological Needs, Academic Motivation and Alienation from Study of Students in Higher Education
Authors: Pulyaeva V.N. , Nevryuev A.N.
Published: May 2020

Academic motivation is one of the most important aspects related to the learning process at the university, as it largely determines the future prospects of self-development and self-realization of young specialists. This issue is also important for educational organizations, because, knowing the specifics of the educational motivation of their students, they will be able to adjust the educational process. The article examines three main components that are associated with the success of studding: basic psychological needs, academic motivation and alienation from study. In the study (N = 1326) there are also differences associated with these components among students who study at the university’s bachelor and master programs. At the first stage of data processing, a comparison was made of these components among undergraduate and graduate students. As a result, it was found that the level of satisfaction of basic psychological needs and the type of academic motivation is associated with a different level of alienation from study. Based on the data obtained, a cluster analysis was carried out, which allowed us to distinguish three main groups of students studying at the university. It was found that these groups differ in the level of expression of basic psychological needs, the type of academic motivation and the degree of feeling of alienation from study.
Influence of malignant growth and chronic neurogenic pain on neurosteroid levels in rat brain
Authors: Frantsiyants E.M. , Bandovkina V.A. , Kaplieva I.V. , Cheryarina N.D. , Surikova E.I. , Neskubina I.V. , Kotieva I.M. , Shalashnaya E.V. , Trepitaki L.K.
Published: May 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the level of sex steroid hormones in white matter of the brain of rats with tumors combined with chronic neurogenic pain (CNP), which was modeled by bilateral sciatic nerve ligation. The study included albino male rats (n=74). In the main group, M1 sarcoma was transplanted subcutaneously (n=11) or into the subclavian vein (n=11) 45 days after CNP modeling. Two comparison groups (n=13 each) included sham operated animals (without CNP) with M1 sarcoma transplanted subcutaneously and intravenously. Control groups included animals with CNP and sham operated animals. Rats were euthanized on day 21 of the carcinogenesis. Levels of total and free testosterone (T), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and progesterone (P4) in the brain white matter were measured using ELISA kits (“Cusabio”, China). CNP caused a decrease in the total and free T by 1.5 times (p
Unmasking Biometrics’ Biases
Authors: Wevers Rosa
Published: May 2020

The article investigates the role of identity and the body in biometric technologies, contesting the conception that biometrics are neutral. It discusses biometrics’ exclusionary effects with regards to gender, race, class and ability, among others, by unveiling its historical links to nineteenth-century pseudoscientific practices. It does so through an analysis of Zach Blas’ Facial Weaponization Suite, an artistic critique of this dominant conception that draws attention to biometrics’ contested history and its current implications for marginalised identities.
Fuzzy cognitive mapping of Baltic Archipelago Sea food webs reveals no cliqued views of the system structure between stakeholder groups
Authors: Uusitalo Laura , Jernberg Susanna , Korn Patrik , Puntila-Dodd Riikka , Skyttä Annaliina , Vikström Suvi
Published: May 2020

Incorporating stakeholder views is a key element in successful environmental management, particularly if the managed system delivers cultural and provisioning ecosystem services directly to the stakeholders, or if there are conflicting views about the ecosystem functioning or its optimal management. One such system is the Archipelago Sea in the Southwestern coast of Finland. It is an area with high biodiversity, offering a range of ecosystem services, from regulating services to provisioning and cultural services. Furthermore, it is subjected to a variety of human activities ranging from eutrophication and marine transport to fishing. The management of the area is also a topic of debate, including discussions of minimum landing size of fish, seal hunting quotas, and the role of cormorants in the ecosystem. Fuzzy cognitive mapping  offers a method to evaluate and quantitatively compare different actors’ views on ecosystem structure. The models can be compared quantitatively and simulated to illustrate how they respond to various pressure scenarios. This may reveal differences in the perceptions about what are the important interactions in the ecosystem, and how the system would respond to management measures, potentially explaining differing opinions about the best management strategy. In this work, 30 stakeholders, including policy makers, scientists, eNGOs, fisheries, and recreational users created fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) of the Archipelago Sea food web. We found that despite the debate about the management of the area, the stakeholders’ views about the food web structure were not clustered based on the stakeholder group, i.e. the different stakeholder groups did not have distinct ideas about the ecosystem structure. The FCM complexity did not show a pattern based on the stakeholder group either. While the general pattern of the FCMs indicated a shared view of the food web structure across most respondents, there was one map from the recreational group that stood out. The exact setup of the models varied. Across all maps, cod, perch, fishing, zooplankton, and herring were the variables having most links with the other variables.  The simulated ecosystem responses indicated that fishing was seen as a key factor affecting food web components, while increases of salinity and oxygen levels have a positive impact on multiple ecosystem components. The value of the approach is to enable a two-way discussion about the food webs and how management of pressures may impact the components.