bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Converting Durian-Based Traditional Dessert into Ready-To-Eat Durian Stick through Sausage Technology Application
Authors: Mohamed Razali Siti Nurumairah , Hamzah Muhammad Hazwan , Che Man Hasfalina , Mohd Nor Mohd Zuhair
Published: September 2021

Durian known as the King of Fruit is a prominent, common native Southeast Asian fruit and very popular among the local Malaysians. Nowadays, there are various types of durian-based products available in the market such as ice-cream, cakes, chips, chocolate bars, and pre-mixed powders. There are also traditional dessert products produced using fresh durian filling such as ‘dodol’, ‘lempuk’ and ‘bingka’. However, as time goes on, traditional desserts are increasingly forgotten. The aim of this study was to diversify durian-based products into Ready-To-Eat (RTE) durian stick. The stick production technique began with the process of grinding the durian paste, mixing the ingredients, stuffing the mixture into the sausage casing, steaming the mixture and chilling the RTE durian stick. Next, the firmness and moisture content of the RTE durian stick production were also analyzed. Apart from that, sensory evaluation is conducted to determine the consumer acceptance of the RTE durian stick that has been produced. Based on the results obtained, the best firmness for this RTE durian stick is 10.42 N. The value of the moisture content obtained is high, which is between 52.05% to 61.89%. The overall acceptability of RTE durian stick resulted 3.7 out of its full score which is 5. For the RTE durian stick, where the RTE durian stick was satisfactory to the panellists, the overall acceptability showed a score of 74%. In conclusion, this method can be used to increase the added value and uniqueness of the RTE durian-based stick produced, however, improvements such as product formulations and freezing methods to extend the product’s shelf life is necessary for the future to produce better RTE dessert products. The RTE durian stick has potential to be commercialized for local and international markets based on the overall acceptability in terms of the texture, appearance, smell and taste.
A Review of Mechanization and Automation in Malaysia’s Pineapple Production
Authors: Abu Bakar Badril , Baharom Siti Noor Aliah , Abdul Rani Rohazrin , Ahmad Mohd Taufik , Zubir Mohd Nizam , Ahmad Sayuti Adli Fikri , Nordin Mohd Nadzim , Mhd Bookeri Mohammad Aufa , Muslimin Jusnaini
Published: September 2021

This work reviews the current state of the art for pineapple production in Malaysia from the perspective of mechanization and automation. It examines the issues and challenges facing this industry. The review has led us to the conclusion that pineapple production still relies heavily on manual labour. The problems facing this industry is no different than other food crops in that low yield labour and high cost are the primary issues that need to be tackled. Although numerous engineering research work to overcome production issues has been done for crops such as rice and maize, engineering research for pineapples has been scarce. The lack of engineering research literature on this crop presents an opportunity for the scientific community to invest effort in this relatively untapped industry. This work further proposes areas where the use of Industry 4.0 technologies can be exploited in order to increase productivity and reduce input costs. Cyber-physical systems that could address issues in planting, crop maintenance and harvesting are put forth as a possible solution.
PENGARUH LUMPUR SAWIT TERHADAP DAYA SIMPAN DAN PALATABILITAS PAKAN PELLET KELINCI
Authors: Husaini Karim Amrullah Amir , Fehriansah Fregi , Badarina Irma
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The study aims to evaluate the use of palm decanter on storability and palatability of pellet rabbit feed. There were four treatments, P0: rabbit pellets 0% palm decanter, P1: rabbit pellets 5% palm decanter, P2: rabbit pellets 10% palm decanter, P3: rabbit pellets 15% palm decanter. Pellets are prepared based on the standard nutritional needs of rabbits. Pellets were stored in 0.5 kg plastic bags for 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. Moisture, crude fat, and organoleptic content were carried out on pellet with storage times 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. Organoleptic was carried out by 20 panelists. Palatability was carried out for a pellet with seven days of storage and given to 5 rabbits. The moisture and crude fat content of pellet in all treatments ranged from 8.63-10.17%. The higher the palm decanter content, the pellet color tends to be black with a value of 2.6-4.3. The use of 15% palm decanter can cause pellets to have a slightly rancid aroma and a characteristic solid odor. The use of 15% palm decanter did not have a significant effect on rabbit feed consumption with the consumption range 74.93-145.73 g. The study concluded that rabbit pellets containing up to 15% palm mud with a storage time of 21 days did not reduce storability. Pellets containing up to 15% palm mud with a storage time of 7 days did not reduce palatability in rabbits.
Key Words: palm decanter, pellet, rancidity, feed, palatability
Comparing Some 10 m Distance Acceleration Forms in Futsal Female Players
Authors: Ibrahim Samer Saad
Published: September 2021

The current research identified some forms of 10m acceleration and comparing three forms of launching speed for female futsal players. The researcher designed and standardized three special forms tests. The research aimed at designing and standardizing a test for acceleration in 10m to specify acceleration at 10m distance in three forms and comparing between tests results of the three forms. The researcher used the descriptive method on (70) female Iraqi national league futsal players who took the three first positions in league rankings. After applying the test the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude the importance of training players on launch speed for a short distance in game-like situations.
Pankkien asiantuntijatyö digitalisaation ja EU-sääntelyn puristuksessa
Authors: Alasoini Tuomo
Published: September 2021

Pankit ovat perinteisesti olleet työnantajia, jotka ovat tarjonneet vakaita työsuhteita sekä sisällöltään ja työympäristöltään laadukkaita tehtäviä. Digitalisaatio ja kiristynyt EU-sääntely ovat kuitenkin viime vuosina muuttaneet pankkityötä monella tavoin. Artikkelissa pyritään ymmärtämään suomalaispankkeja koskevan empiirisen laadullisen tutkimuksen avulla eurooppalaisten työolotutkimusten tuloksia, joiden mukaan työn autonomia ja työn sisältämä ongelmanratkaisu ovat lisääntyneet finanssialalla samanaikaisesti työn standardiohjautuvuuden ja toisteisuuden kanssa. Pankkityön muutosta tarkastellaan tietokoneistumisen, virtualisoinnin, autonomian ja standardoinnin ulottuvuuksilla. Empiirisen analyysin mukaan digitalisaation aiheuttama työn standardointi ei ole ristiriidassa asiantuntijatehtävissä toimivien pankkitoimihenkilöiden työn lisääntyneen autonomian ja ongelmanratkaisun kanssa. Sen sijaan EU-sääntelyn asettamat uudet vaatimukset, kuten lisääntyvä dokumentointi ja vastuiden osittaminen, näyttäisivät jo tässä vaiheessa kaventaneen merkittävästi rahoituksen ja varainhoidon asiantuntijoiden työn autonomiaa.
Konsulttityö joustavana asiantuntijatyönä jälkiteollisilla työmarkkinoilla
Authors: Haapakorpi Arja
Published: September 2021

Jälkiteolliselle yhteiskunnalle on ominaista asiantuntijapalveluiden lisäänty­minen ja työvoiman käytön joustavoittaminen. Osana tätä kehitystä konsultti­palvelut ovat kasvaneet ja laajentuneet uusille aloille. Itsellisten konsulttien työ on kontingenttia, mikä tarkoittaa ansioiden hankkimista monista lähteistä ja tarkasti rajattujen tehtävien suorittamista sovitussa aikataulussa lyhyt­aikaisina toimeksiantoina tai työsuhteina. Artikkelissa tutkitaan konsulttien työn laatua työmarkkinoilla analysoimalla heidän kokemuksiaan ja toimin­taansa lyhytaikaisista projekteista koostuvassa ansiotyössä sekä syitään kon­tingenttiin konsulttityöhön. Haastatteluaineistoon perustuvassa tutkimuksessa sovelletaan laadullista tutkimusotetta. Konsultit asemoidaan osaksi jousto­työmarkkinoita: palkkatyön ja itsensä työllistämisen joustavaan yhdistämiseen perustuvaan ansaintaan. Heidän työn laatuaan tutkitaan (työ)elämän kokonaisuudessa, jota kuvaavat sisällöllinen mielekkyys, epävarmuus ja jatkuva valmiustila (työ)ajan käsitteen uudelleen määrittäjänä. Tulosten mukaan epävarmuuden kontrollointi joustamalla ei vaadi välttämättä enempää työaikaa, mutta jatkuvassa valmiustilassa oleminen ohentaa muiden elämänalueiden tilaa konsulttien elämässä ja laventaa siten ajan käsitettä heidän kokemuksissaan. Epävarmuus koettelee taloudellisia  velvoitteita kantavia perheellisiä ankarammin kuin eläkeikää lähestyviä, joille konsulttityö on ollut ennemminkin oma valinta.
Vapautta, vastuuta, valtaa: fenomenografinen tutkimus itseohjautuvuudesta
Authors: Vuori Johanna
Published: September 2021

Termiä itseohjautuvuus käytetään tarkoittamaan montaa eri asiaa suomalaisessa työelämässä. Erilaiset tulkinnat aiheuttavat sekaannusta, jos esihenkilö ymmärtää termin eri tavalla kuin työntekijä tai -hakija. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli löytää ja esittää itseohjautuvuuskäsitysten kirjo suomalaisen asiantuntijatyön kontekstissa. Tutkimuksessa tuotettiin fenomenografisen analyysin avulla kuvauskategoriat itseohjautuvuudesta niin, että kategoriat muodostavat loogisen hierarkian eivätkä ole keskenään päällekkäisiä. Aineisto perustuu 50 haastateltavan määritelmään siitä, mitä on itseohjautuvuus. Tutkimuksen tuloksena esitetään neljä kategoriaa itseohjautuvuudesta. Kaksi niistä liittyy yksilötason itseohjautuvuuteen. Näistä toinen korostaa itseohjautuvuutta autonomiana, toinen esimieheltä siirtyneenä päätöksentekomandaattina. Kolmas kuvauskategoria koskee itseohjautuvuutta tiimityönä, ja neljäs kuvaa itseohjautuvuutta organisaation joukko-ohjautuvuutena. Kategorioiden välinen ero syntyi työntekijöiden ja johdon erilaisista kompetensseista kussakin kategoriassa. Tutkimuksessa tuotettu itseohjautuvuuskäsitysten kategorisointi auttaa rakentamaan yhteistä ymmärrystä siitä, minkälaista työskentelyä ja kompetensseja itseohjautuvuus vaatii toisaalta työntekijältä ja toisaalta organisaation johtamiselta.
Increased reliance on top-down information to compensate for reduced bottom-up use of acoustic cues in dyslexia
Authors: Derawi Hadeer , Reinisch Eva , Gabay Yafit
Published: September 2021

Speech recognition is a complex human behavior in the course of which listeners must integrate the detailed phonetic information present in the acoustic signal with their general linguistic knowledge. It is commonly assumed that this process occurs effortlessly for most people, but it is still unclear whether this also holds true in the case of developmental dyslexia (DD), a condition characterized by perceptual deficits. In the present study, we used a dual-task setting to test the assumption that speech recognition is effortful for people with DD. In particular, we tested the Ganong effect (i.e., lexical bias on phoneme identification) while participants performed a secondary task of either low or high cognitive demand. We presumed that reduced efficiency in perceptual processing in DD would manifest in greater modulation in the performance of primary task by cognitive load. Results revealed that this was indeed the case. We found a larger Ganong effect in the DD group under high than under low cognitive load, and this modulation was larger than it was for typically developed (TD) readers. Furthermore, phoneme categorization was less precise in the DD group than in the TD group. These findings suggest that individuals with DD show increased reliance on top-down lexically mediated perception processes, possibly as a compensatory mechanism for reduced efficiency in bottom-up use of acoustic cues. This indicates an imbalance between bottom-up and top-down processes in speech recognition of individuals with DD.
Halogenations of 3-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines
Authors: He Jing , Wei Yueting , Feng Yijiao , Li Chuntian , Dai Bin , Liu Ping
Published: September 2021

A direct C-H halogenation of 3-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines with NXS (X = Br, I, Cl) as cheap and safe halogenating reagents at room temperature has been developed. This transformation provides an effective metal-free protocol towards the synthesis of novel 4-halogenated pyrazole derivatives with moderate to excellent yields. The method represents simple and mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope as well as gram-scale synthesis. The utility of this procedure is established by further transformations of the 4-halogenated products. Mechanism studies show that DMSO plays a dual role of catalyst and solvent.
Cultura Organizacional en la Administración Pública
Authors: Millán-Gómez Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2021

Las instituciones públicas locales están inmersas en un ambiente competitivo, ponen a prueba su capacidad en el contexto interno y entorno externo. También deben constituir una plataforma institucional, para implementar políticas públicas en respuesta a intereses generales de las sociedades. El presente estudio se concretó con el objetivo de demostrar desafíos de intervención e investigación en las administraciones públicas para documentar estrategias, en resolver problemas estructurales, funcionales, sistémicos, en fortalecer sus capacidades a través de decisiones brinden certidumbre a sus colaboradores. Se utilizó se utilizó un enfoque de combinación del análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo interpretativo, aplicando métodos diacrónico, sistemático, sincrónico, estructural para entender el papel del pensamiento de sus protagonistas. Para ello, el conocimiento social se despliega en el arquetipo de investigación en las esferas públicas. Sus resultados demostraron que las intenciones de profesionalización fueron consideradas por los gobiernos como esfuerzos intrincados de largo aliento, sin beneficios, entrañan costos concretos de corto plazo con beneficios a largo plazo. De lo anterior, los directivos observaron en esta arista, una reducción de flexibilidad para dirigir personal bajo principios de autonomía. Por otra parte, los administradores de segunda línea expresaron incertidumbre en su permanencia en las organizaciones. El perfil profesional no garantiza una estancia laboral, este escenario debilitó los principios de consolidar un desarrollo institucional. A nivel país, el 55 por ciento de las instituciones locales no cuenta con un reglamento interno. Significa que, gestionar el conocimiento es tendencia al desarrollo de cualquier organización en generar atributos competitivos, conlleva a edificar una cultura organizacional.
Competencias Tecnológicas: Un Nuevo Modelo Pedagógico
Authors: Pérez Elibet Concepción , Reyes-Rodríguez Yasiel
Published: September 2021

En las últimas décadas del siglo pasado surgió un vertiginoso avance tecnológico en el mundo. Los sistemas educativos no quedaron alejados de estos avances, enseñar desde la virtualidad era un nuevo reto, esto provocó disímiles proyectos destinados a este fin. El desempeño docente en la práctica pedagógica requiere de un alto nivel de preparación y conocimiento por parte del profesor, es donde queda reflejado el trabajo metodológico e investigativo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo implementar un modelo pedagógico para mejorar el desempeño docente con enfoque de competencias tecnológicas. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva para cada una de las cuatro etapas bajo un enfoque mixto. De los 52 profesores pertenecientes a la Universidad de Artemisa, se trabajó con 35, seleccionando una muestra no probabilística intencional. La consulta a especialistas se realizó a 7 profesores del Instituto Superior Pedagógico Rubén Martínez Villena, de ellos 5 con más de 25 años de experiencia en el nivel superior. Los resultados alcanzados sirvieron como punto de partida para caracterizar el desempeño docente con enfoque de competencias tecnológicas y sus indicadores a medir. Posteriormente, se les facilito a los profesores la construcción de sus propios recursos de aprendizaje relacionados con sus competencias identificadas, su contexto tecnológico y asignatura, esto hizo que el proceso docente resultara significativo.
The Slave and the Lawyers: Francis Barber, James Boswell and John Hawkins
Authors: Bundock Michael
Published: September 2021

This chapter, written by Michael Bundock, describes competing portrayals of Francis Barber, the Jamaican manservant and friend of writer Samuel Johnson who worked in his household for the better part of three decades and became his heir. The incompatible depictions are found in separate biographies of Johnson written by lawyers John Hawkins and James Boswell as well as in other writings and letters. Hawkins’ biography, published first, is openly hostile to Barber. His disdain for Barber’s interracial marriage and criticism of Johnson’s indulgent financial and emotional support of Barber is tinged with racism. Bundock supposes that Boswell’s own biography of Johnson was, in part, a response and rebuke to Hawkins’—especially so in his favourable characterization of Barber, his wife and their closeness with Johnson. Comparing these rival biographies, Bundock attempts to evaluate the authors’ motivations as well as their attitudes to race.
The Making of a Liverpool Community: An Elusive Narrative
Authors: Costello Raymond
Published: September 2021

Tracing the black presence in Liverpool, the oldest black community in Europe, is the subject of this chapter by Ray Costello. He begins by recounting and dispelling the ‘Windrush myth’—a misconception that the arrival of nearly 500 Jamaican workers on the SS Empire Windrush in 1948 was the beginning of the history of black settlers in Britain. Instead, black communities had existed in Britain for at least five centuries with Liverpool having the most continuous presence including enslaved black servants, freed slaves, sailors, children of African royalty attending school, and free Black Loyalists from the Americas. Costello describes the diverse backgrounds, cultures and languages of black settlers in Liverpool following each of Britain’s wars which obscured the true age of the community and perpetuated a view of local blacks as exotic foreigners. The failure to recognize the age and Britishness of an established black Liverpudlian population, Costello fears, preserves a belief in the recency of black immigration promotes the idea that assimilation and acculturation are the keys to integration and racial equity.
Women, Citizenship, and Sexuality
Authors: Hawthorne Melanie C.
Published: September 2021

Until well into the twentieth century, the claims to citizenship of women in the US and in Europe have come through men (father, husband); women had no citizenship of their own. The case studies of three expatriate women (Renée Vivien, Romaine Brooks, and Natalie Barney) illustrate some of the consequences for women who lived independent lives. To begin with, the books traces the way that ideas about national belonging shaped gay male identity in the nineteenth century, before showing that such a discourse was not available to women and lesbians, including the three women who form the core of the book. In addition to questions of sexually non-conforming identity, women's mediated claim to citizenship limited their autonomy in practical ways (for example, they could be unilaterally expatriated). Consequently, the situation of the denizen may have been preferable to that of the citizen for women who lived between the lines. Drawing on the discourse of jurisprudence, the history of the passport, and original archival research on all three women, the books tells the story of women's evolving claims to citizenship in their own right.
Time Passes: An Interchapter
Authors: Hawthorne Melanie C.
Published: September 2021

An assessment of the practical changes in international travel as a result of global security issues and human migration during and after WWI. While not focusing on the conflict per se, this section looks at the impact of the introduction of the modern passport system as we know it that resulted from the hardening of international borders.
Music for Unknown Journeys by Cristian Aliaga
Authors: Bollig Benjamin
Published: September 2021

What is the purpose of travel in an age when millions are displaced against their will or have no home to speak of in the first place? How can we travel without being tourists, without erasing the stories of those who live where we visit? These are some of the questions addressed in Cristian Aliaga’s compelling collection of prose poems, Music for Unknown Journeys.
This collection contains Aliaga’s “travelling sketches,” in the tradition of Matsuo Bashō, John Berger, or W.G. Sebald. Each prose poem is geographically situated in his travels across Patagonia or his more recent journeys around the edge-lands of Europe.
His work is politically acute, exploring struggles over territory, resources, and culture, in the places he visits. There is an intense emotional charge as he records the stories of those who globalization and contemporary capitalism have used and left behind.
This volume brings together a generous selection of Aliaga’s prose poems, the majority previously unseen in English, as well as a substantial introduction to the author’s work and its context, both literary and political, by the editor and translator.
Cristian Aliaga (b. 1962, Tres Cuervos, Province of Buenos Aires) is one of Argentina’s foremost contemporary poets. His work has been highly praised in the TLS and elsewhere.
“No poet has been as intrepid as Aliaga in exploring that outer edge of modern consciousness at which the individual mind and the macroeconomic order meet,” Michael Kerrigan, TLS.
Representations of the Haitian Empire in the British Press, 1847–59
Authors: Webb Jack Daniel
Published: September 2021

Chapter One explores images and texts relating to the Haitian president-turn-emperor Faustin Soulouque that appeared in the British press. These representations contained meditations on the Haitian state and the newly-created Haitian Empire. Although they were produced and published in the British context, they reflect the concerns of interlocutors from across the Atlantic World, including the thoughts and words of observers based in the US, France and, of course, Haiti. Faustin Soulouque intervened explicitly in these Atlantic-wide discussions on the significance of the Haitian Empire by providing counter-representations. Such texts and images produced by the Haitian state, this chapter details, were received, read and interpreted in Britain to alter significantly ideas about Haiti. Concomitantly, the future relationship between British imperialism and people of African descent was questioned and made problematic.
Late Style as Resistance in the Works of Edward Said, Mahmoud Darwish, and Mourid Barghouti
Authors: Hamdi Tahrir
Published: September 2021

This chapter critically engages with Edward W. Said’s conceptualization of ‘Late Style’ in light of continued catastrophic occurrences in Palestine. It argues that a ‘lateness of beginnings’ represents the Palestinian intellectual’s deepest resistance against catastrophe, impending death, dispossession, and colonization. In the face of continued catastrophe, resistance in post-millennial Palestine is currently being reinvigorated by the creativity of new Palestinian generations, who have attained a metaphorical lateness by the very means of the repetition of the catastrophic. The chapter explores the reconfiguration of Late Style resistance in the works of Edward Said, Mahmoud Darwish, and Mourid Barghouti, arguing that these intellectuals’ works are important in foregrounding an oppositional criticism in the face of divisionist agendas at this most critical moment in the continuation of the Palestinian struggle.
Wingwomen
Authors: Ball Anna
Published: September 2021

The motif of flight is prominent in Palestinian creative work, yet in its contemporary connotations, it assumes increasingly multiple dimensions as it migrates creatively across generational, gendered, spatial, and formal contexts. In the work of artist Sama Alshaibi and poet Lisa Suheir Majaj, aerial and avian images reappear and the motif of flight animates each woman’s ability to explore her complex relationship not simply to the homeland and Palestinian history, but also to her own embodied positionality as a twenty-first century diasporic female subject. In exploring a selection of Alshaibi and Majaj’s poetic engagements, this chapter gestures towards flight not simply as motif but also as sociocultural movement (simultaneously spatial, gestural, and political) within the post-millennial Palestinian creative imagination. This is a movement defined by a distinctively feminocentric poetics, through which it becomes possible to envisage new forms of spatial, psychological, and creative relationships to Palestine fitting for this new century.
Inside the Zone
Authors: Hoel Jon
Published: September 2021

This is the largest chapter in the book and takes a closer look at the mysterious ineffable Zone that exists at the center of the film’s narrative. What is the Zone, and are we in it, is the central question posed by the chapter, and brings into conversation a larger framework of film theory, including analyses from thinkers like Gilles Deleuze, Søren Kierkegaard, and Slavoj Žižek among others. The film examines the speculative space of the Room, and what the prospect of its power: the ability to grant the greatest inner desire of its occupants. Is this power real? The film plays with this question, along with imagery of potential speculative radiation consequences of the nuclear age, with careful allusions to Soviet nuclear disasters of the time.
Afterword
Authors: Hoel Jon
Published: September 2021

The conclusion revisits the return of the protagonists of Stalker to the bar from the beginning of the film and utilizes this examination to conclude the analysis of the book. The conclusion briefly speculates on the deaths of the director Tarkovsky, his wife Larisa Tarkovskaya, and actor Anatoly Solonitsyn (who played the character “Writer”), from brochiral cancer and lung cancers, alleged to have been brought on by the filming of Stalker, and the conditions of a particular scene in a river in Estonia. This is a rumor that has surrounded the film’s legacy for decades and remains unsubstantiated, but is mused upon here, before the chapter’s concluded.
Cruising
Authors: Ercolani Eugenio , Stiglegger Marcus
Published: September 2021

When William Friedkin’s psycho thriller Cruising was shown at the Berlin International Film Festival and hit cinemas worldwide in 1980 it was mainly misunderstood: the upcoming gay scene dismissed it as an offence to their efforts to open up to society and a distorted image of homosexuality, prompting the distributors to add a disclaimer that preceded the picture: Genre audiences were confused about the idea of a sexualized cop thriller with procedural drama that frequently turns into a horror film with the identity of the killer changing with each murder. Seen from today’s perspective, Friedkin’s film turned out to be an enduring cult classic documenting the gay leather scene of the late 1970s as well as providing a stunning image of identity crisis and an examination of male sexuality in general. In the fading years of the New Hollywood era (1967–1976), William Friedkin—the ‘New Hollywood Wunderkind’, with an Academy Award for his cop drama, The French Connection (1971), and following the tremendous success of his horror film, The Exorcist (1973)—proves once more the strength of his unique approach in combining genre and auteur cinema to create a fascinating film that turns 40 in 2020. This book dives into the phenomenon that is Cruising: it examines its creative context and its protagonists, as well as explaining its ongoing popularity.
Transatlantic Radicalism
Authors: Jacob Frank , Keßler Mario
Published: September 2021

This chapter introduced key problems related to rather understudied ties between radicals in their European, American, and thereby transatlantic contexts. It tries to highlight the issues individuals faced with regard to the genesis and the later use of existent networks of transnational radicalism. Furthermore, the introduction highlights the structure of the book that will in the first part focus on organizational ties of radical political parties as well as press networks that connected Europe with the Americas (ch. 2-5). The second part then discusses the roles of individuals who acted as mediators between the two continents in many different ways (ch. 6-10).
An Entangled World at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Hafner Lutz
Published: September 2021

The chapter discusses how the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries terrorist tried to influence the Transatlantic Public Sphere to accept terrorist assassinations against high Tsarist officials. Breshko-Breshkovskaya, member of the SR Central Committee, spent almost six months in the US in 1904/05 spent in order to solicit funds and to attract the US public. Her impact on the genesis of a transnational socialist organization is consequently one of the main aspects taken into consideration.
Transatlantic Workers' Solidarity
Authors: Jacob Frank
Published: September 2021

The Kuzbas (short for the Kuznetsk Basin in Western Siberia) was the largest coal mining region and one of the most important industrial centers in the Soviet Union. This chapter, after a short introduction of the history of the Autonomous Industrial Colony (AIC) that had been established in Siberia with the help of American workers, will focus on the American perspectives on Kuzbas as a real chance to build a workers’ utopia and discuss what had been promised to be achievable in Siberia. The voices of those who worked and later returned from Siberia will be compared with the arguments of those who did not believe the terrible reports that were brought back from the Soviet Union, the place where a worker could eventually be freed from the harrowing chains of capitalism.
Wartime Crises
Authors: Kadish Doris
Published: September 2021

This chapter considers how Rahv’s Marxism and anti-Stalinism shaped his timid response to fascism. It presents the loosening of his ties with Marxism and move toward the American identity manifest in “Paleface and Redskin,” which divided American writers into plebian redskins (Steinbeck, Dreiser) and patrician palefaces (Eliot, James). The muted response to the Holocaust by major newspapers, the Roosevelt administration, and Jewish groups sets the stage for a discussion of how Partisan Review responded, including publishing Eliot despite his alleged anti-Semitism. A discussion of the complexities of Rahv’s marital status and military record is followed by a consideration of “Under Forty,” essays on Jewish identity by eleven young Jewish writers which Rahv published as editor of Contemporary Jewish Record in February 1944 and which reflected his evolving identity as an American Jew. The chapter closes with reactions to the Holocaust—by Rahv, New York intellectuals, and in my own life.
Conclusion
Authors: Kadish Doris
Published: September 2021

This concluding chapter summarizes the meaning of Jewishness in Rahv’s life and work. It traces his religious attitudes back to the familial conflicts of his youth as well as to his reading of Marx. It also looks at writers whose works on Jewish issues Rahv chose to publish in Partisan Review—Jean Paul Sartre, Sidney Hook, Isaac Deutscher, and Leon Trotsky. It argues that their viewpoints approximate and illuminate what his was likely to have been regarding such issues as anti-Semitism, assimilation, Zionism, and definitions of the term Jew. It compares Rahv to current-day immigrants. It closes with conclusions regarding his inner struggles, his achievements, and his relations with women—Ethel, Mary McCarthy, and myself.
Introduction
Authors: Béliard Yann
Published: September 2021

This introduction outlines how the paths of imperial and labour histories, though they originally developed in separate spheres, have come to converge. It examine how New Imperial History, Global Labour History and Post-Colonial Studies have affected the understanding of British decolonisation per se. Highlighting the achievements and also the lacunae in the relevant historiography, this introduction then sketches what makes this collection an original contribution to the collective efforts of historians so far.
Annie Besant's Fight for Home Rule in India, 1910s–1920s
Authors: Terrier Marie
Published: September 2021

Annie Besant is famous in England for her involvement in the socialist revival in the 1880s. In 1889, she adopted theosophy and decided to focus on moral and spiritual reform. She moved to India, which she considered the mother of spirituality in order to pursue her goal. In the following two decades, though she often came back to Britain, she almost completely severed the links with the British left. However, in the 1910s and 1920s, she was again at the forefront of political agitation and she had to deal with labour movements again, both in Britain and in India. This chapter acknowledges the large and controversial historiography concerning Annie Besant’s involvement in the Indian nationalist movement. Rather than focusing on specific events, it seeks to draw attention to the global logic of her fight for Home Rule in India which extended well into the 1920s. By using primary sources, some of which have remained unexplored so far, it also aims to analyse how she related her political struggle to labour movements.
Introduction
Authors: Rapoport-Albert Ada , Wodziński Marcin
Published: September 2021

This chapter describes Hasidism’s former reputation as a singular exception to the scarcity of scholarship on the religious dimension of Jewish life in eastern Europe. It cites the nineteenth-century liberal critique of the movement, which contributed to the disproportionate prominence of Hasidism in the scholarly literature about the religious life of east European Jews. It also explains liberal critique that originated in the militantly anti-Hasidic posture adopted by the early nineteenth-century maskilim, which left a deep imprint on the modern school of Jewish historiography. The chapter talks about the Jewish communities of eastern Europe that were divided into the opposing camps: Hasidic and anti-Hasidic. It analyzes the dichotomy that placed the movement at the very heart of an embattled arena and had the subsequent effect of harnessing Hasidism to a wide range of ideologically driven historiographical constructs.
The Narcissism of Small Differences?
Authors: Sagiv Gadi
Published: September 2021

This chapter highlights the problematic nature of every attempt to characterize the diverse Hasidic groups, schools of thought, and sects, which comprise the Hasidic movement. It talks about three well-known Hasidic leaders: ’the Yehudi,’ Simhah Bunem of Pshiskhe, and the Rabbi of Kotsk, who are generally considered founders of the distinctive Pshiskhe–Kotsk school but differed greatly in their respective spiritual orientations. It also explains Hasidism as a collection of distinct and often conflicting groups that comprises one charismatic leader each, who usually belongs to a dynasty of hereditary leaders. The chapter discusses the awakening of the collective consciousness of belonging to one movement among the disciples of the Magid of Mezeritsh. It describes the fragmented structure of the movement that was inherent from its earliest formative period.
To Enlist the Enthusiasm of the Young
Authors: Bacon Gershon
Published: September 2021

This chapter highlights retrospective accounts and contemporary sources that attest to and lament the phenomenon of the abandonment of tradition due to the inroads of secular ideologies. It recounts Ben-Zion Gold’s encounter with newer religious institutions and initiatives that contributed to him remaining traditional. It also looks at contemporary sources that noted the pain of parents confronted with open flouting of religious norms within the four walls of their own homes. The chapter analyzes interminable debates on the shtetl or the Jewish market town in the face of modernity encroaching upon its traditional lifestyle. It talks about the perception of the shtetl’s imminent disappearance that led one writer to compose a ’travelogue’ of a visit to a typical shtetl so that future generations might know how Jews lived once upon a time.
A Frog Under the Tongue
Authors: Tuszewicki Marek
Published: September 2021

Jews have been active participants in shaping the healing practices of the communities of eastern Europe. Their approach largely combined the ideas of traditional Ashkenazi culture with the heritage of medieval and early modern medicine. Holy rabbis and faith healers, as well as Jewish barbers, innkeepers, and pedlars, all dispensed cures, purveyed folk remedies for different ailments, and gave hope to the sick and their families based on kabbalah, numerology, prayer, and magical Hebrew formulas. Nevertheless, as new sources of knowledge penetrated the traditional world, modern medical ideas gained widespread support. Jews became court physicians to the nobility, and when the universities were opened up to them many also qualified as doctors. At every stage, medicine proved an important field for cross-cultural contacts. Jewish historians and scholars of folk medicine alike will discover here fascinating sources never previously explored — manuscripts, printed publications, and memoirs in Yiddish and Hebrew but also in Polish, English, German, Russian, and Ukrainian. The author's careful study of these documents has teased out therapeutic advice, recipes, magical incantations, kabbalistic methods, and practical techniques, together with the ethical considerations that such approaches entailed. The research fills a gap in the study of folk medicine in eastern Europe, shedding light on little-known aspects of Ashkenazi culture, and on how the need to treat sickness brought Jews and their neighbours together.
Feldshers and Healers
Authors: Tuszewicki Marek
Published: September 2021

This chapter talks about feldshers and healers. Feldshers were the group most devoted to offering medical aid, and occupied a position somewhere on the borderline between official and folk medicine. It was they to whom one went with broken bones, sprains, dislocations, and other mechanical injuries. They were also considered the experts in taking the pulse, bloodletting, applying leeches, performing dry and wet cupping, applying iodine to the throat, pulling teeth, and giving enemas. Some feldshers had completed nursing training in community institutions such as homeless shelters or public baths. Most feldshers based their treatment on traditional views of anatomy, attributing illness to 'bad blood.' By the 1900s, feldshers had begun to bring elements of biomedicine into Jewish folk medicine. In the second half of the nineteenth century, women educated in midwifery schools gained the recognition of the rabbinic authorities. They were cited in the responsa as specialists, the more so since the scope of their competencies went far beyond assisting at births and they were practically comparable in their functions to feldshers. The Jewish populace preferred the assistance offered by feldshers, wise women, and midwives from within their own community. There was a fairly large group of practitioners who worked outside the parameters of the law and the regulations of state bodies. The scope of their activities may be defined as healing, even quackery, though not all of them drew on magic and they were not all known as quacks.
The Evil Eye
Authors: Tuszewicki Marek
Published: September 2021

This chapter discusses the evil eye. The evil eye played a fundamental role in Jewish beliefs surrounding medicine. This denoted individuals who were in possession of eyes capable of casting spells, causing harm to others or damage to material objects, whether intentionally or not. An angry or jealous look spawned an evil angel and it was this angel that wreaked the damage attributed to the evil eye. In order not to cast a glance that might have magical consequences, one should turn one's gaze to heaven. Every sudden indisposition was attributed to the influence of the evil eye. Symptoms which were a sure sign that one had fallen victim to it were a high temperature, headache, yawning, stretching, and drowsiness, but the list was an open one, and could also include various types of swelling, convulsions, vomiting, or accidents such as bone fractures or sprains. The power of the evil eye came not so much from otherworldly sources as from the free will — or lack thereof — of the person inflicting it. Verbal attempts would be made to redirect the attention of the evil eye onto other objects, while guests and even people met on the street would be issued with warnings not to 'inflict the eye', to 'look at the lamp', or to 'count nine chimneys', otherwise their 'eyes would end up on the fifth house from here'. A considerable range of common apotropaics was in widespread use in traditional society.
Retaking the Universe of Lower-Division Writing and Literature Courses, including ELL Students
Authors: Johnson Rob , Casas Robert
Published: September 2021

The authors, who teach in Southwest Texas, discuss their use of Kerouac’s theory of spontaneity, Ginsberg’s concept of the long breath line, and Burroughs’s cut-up method to help students develop their writing skills. The first half of the essay outlines their pedagogical methods, and the second half reports on their quantitative study of the efficacy of these techniques, which appear to help ELL develop as writers.
Teaching Jack Kerouac’s The Dharma Bums and the Diamond Sutra
Authors: Pradittatsanee Darin
Published: September 2021

The essay discusses Jack Kerouac’s use of the Diamond Sutra, a major Buddhist text grounding his composition of The Dharma Bums. In addition to a close reading of how the sutra is incorporated in the novel, the essay also presents a brief history of Buddhism in the United States.
Humanism, Posthumanism, Transhumanism
Authors: Streip Katharine
Published: September 2021

This essay captures more contemporary philosophical perspectives on Beat literature, specifically William S. Burroughs’s Naked Lunch, through the application of humanist, posthumanist, and transhumanist philosophies. The essay also includes a detailed list of key philosophical resources for teaching this approach.
ASSESSING RELATIONS AMONG LANDSCAPE PREFERENCE, INFORMATIONAL VARIABLES, AND VISUAL ATTRIBUTES
Authors: Zhang Gaochao , Yang Jun , Jin Jing
Published: September 2021

The theory of preference matrix proposes coherence and complexity as informational variables to explain landscape preferences. To understand the relationship between the perceived coherence/complexity and the visual attributes of landscape scenes, we constructed multivariate generalized linear models based on a questionnaire study. A total of 488 respondents’ ratings of the preference, the perceived coherence and complexity, and four visual attributes, namely, the openness of visual scale (openness), the richness of composing elements (richness), the orderliness of organization (orderliness), and the depth of view (depth), of a set of digitally manipulated landscape scenes were analyzed. The results showed that landscape preference needed to be explained with coherence and complexity together. Meanwhile, rather than showing the one-one connection with a single visual attribute, the degree of perceived coherence/complexity should be explained with multiple visual attributes. Ranked by explanatory power, the coherence was positively related to orderliness, negatively related to richness, and positively related to openness. The complexity was positively influenced by the level of richness, depth, and negatively influenced by orderliness and openness. Based on the results, feasible ways to build landscape environments with both preferable coherence and complexity were proposed.
Long-term Dynamical Stability in the Outer Solar System. I. The Regular and Chaotic Evolution of the 34 Largest Trans-Neptunian Objects
Authors: Muñoz-Gutiérrez Marco A. , Peimbert Antonio , Lehner Matthew J. , Wang 王 Shiang-Yu 祥宇
Published: September 2021

We carried out an extensive analysis of the stability of the outer solar system, making use of the frequency analysis technique over short-term integrations of nearly 100,000 test particles, as well as a statistical analysis of 200 1 Gyr long numerical simulations, which consider the mutual perturbations of the giant planets and the 34 largest trans-Neptunian objects (we have called all 34 objects “dwarf planets,” DPs, even if probably only the largest of them are true DPs). From the frequency analysis, we produced statistical diffusion maps for a wide region of the a–e phase-space plane; we also present the average diffusion time for orbits as a function of perihelion. We later turned our attention to the 34 DPs, making an individualized analysis for each of them and producing a first approximation of their future stability. From the 200 distinct realizations of the orbital evolution of the 34 DPs, we classified the sample into three categories, including 17 stable, 11 unstable, and 6 resonant objects; we also found that, statistically, two objects from the sample will leave the trans-Neptunian region within the next gigayear, most likely being ejected from the solar system, but with a nonnegligible probability of going inside the orbit of Neptune, either to collide with a giant planet or even falling to the inner solar system, where our simulations are no longer able to resolve their continuous evolution.
Systematic KMTNet Planetary Anomaly Search. I. OGLE-2019-BLG-1053Lb, a Buried Terrestrial Planet
Authors: Zang Weicheng , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Udalski Andrzej , Wang Tianshu , Zhu Wei , Sumi Takahiro , Yee Jennifer C. , Gould Andrew , Mao Shude , Zhang Xiangyu ,   (Leading Authors), Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Han Cheongho , Jung Youn Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Mróz Przemek , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radoslaw , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Bond Ian A. , Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fujii Hirosane , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Li Man Cheung Alex , Matsubara Yutaka , Muraki Yasushi , Miyazaki Shota , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Shoji Hikaru , Ishitani Silva Stela , Suzuki Daisuke , Tanaka Yuzuru , Tristram Paul J. , Yamawaki Tsubasa , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Beichman Charles A. , Bryden Geoffery , Calchi Novati Sebastiano , Carey Sean , Gaudi B. Scott , Henderson Calen B. , Johnson Samson ,   (The Spitzer Team)
Published: September 2021

In order to exhume the buried signatures of “missing planetary caustics” in Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) data, we conducted a systematic anomaly search of the residuals from point-source point-lens fits, based on a modified version of the KMTNet EventFinder algorithm. This search revealed the lowest-mass-ratio planetary caustic to date in the microlensing event OGLE-2019-BLG-1053, for which the planetary signal had not been noticed before. The planetary system has a planet–host mass ratio of q = (1.25 ± 0.13) × 10−5. A Bayesian analysis yielded estimates of the mass of the host star,

M

host

=

0.61

−
0.24

+
0.29

M

⊙

, the mass of its planet,

M

planet

=

2.48

−
0.98

+
1.19

M

⊕

, the projected planet–host separation,

a

⊥

=

3.4

−
0.5

+
0.5

au, and the lens distance,

D

L

=

6.8

−
0.9

+
0.6

kpc. The discovery of this very-low-mass-ratio planet illustrates the utility of our method and opens a new window for a large and homogeneous sample to study the microlensing planet–host mass ratio function down to q ∼ 10−5.