bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of the Effect of High Gravity in Material Extrusion System and Polymer Characteristics during Filament Fabrication
Authors: Jiang Xin , Koike Ryo
Published: June 2023

The popularity and growth of additive manufacturing(AM) in recent years are due to its ability to provide innovative solutions to complex manufacturing challenges and its potential to transform the way products are designed, developed, and produced. In this work, the numerical simulation geometry of the model extruder from nozzle is established along with the material extrusion process. The high gravity material extrusion system (HG-MEX) properties and characteristics during filament fabrication are evaluated. This work investigates the effects of gravity on the material extrusion process from nozzle extrusion. This work is unique in the incorporation of fluid surface characteristics to represent the performance and contact with the material extrusion in additive manufacturing. The use of simulation in high gravity material extrusion in additive manufacturing is a meaningful and valuable approach to improving the quality and efficiency of the process.
Detection and Classification of Partial Discharge by Hybrid Neural Network Algorithms in Air-insulated MV Switchgear
Authors: Kluge Paweł , Łasica Andrzej , Starzyński Jacek
Published: June 2023

The correct classification of defects originating from partial discharges (PD) in medium-voltage (MV) switchgears with air insulation (AIS) remains a challenging research topic for scientists worldwide. In this article, the authors simulated four possible defects occurring in the power industry, including one that is a simultaneous combination of two commonly ones. In addition, the correctness of the algorithm was checked by adding a classification class without any fault. The measurement signals were recorded with TEV sensors. The effectiveness of various hy-brid-connected neural networks was tested and discussed: GoogleNet and SqueezeNet based on spectrograms, SAE with FNN, 2D-CNN with LSTM, and hybrid AE combined with CNN and LSTM. The highest effectiveness – approximately 97% – was demonstrated by the GoogleNet and SqueezeNet networks. The research results are expected to form the basis for the development of a universal and wireless capacitive sensor for monitoring the level of PD in switchgears.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Hodgkin Lymphoma with Isolated Bone Marrow Involvement in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient
Authors: Lopez-Garcia Alberto , Solan Laura , Alvarez Beatriz , Caballero Juan Carlos , Cornago Javier , Pardo Laura , Diaz de la Pinta Francisco Javier , Cordoba Raul , Rodriguez-Pinilla Maria
Published: June 2023

HIV infection is well-known to be associated with the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with extranodal involvement being exclusive bone marrow involvement is less common. Co-infection by other viruses such as the esptein Baar virus (EBV) increases the incidence of a frequent complication denominated hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH). We present the case of a 50-year-old patient with the above clinical spectrum who develops several serious complications during treatment.
Effect of Different Standard Geometry Shapes on the Tensile Properties of 3D-Printed Polymer
Authors: Faidallah Rawabe Fatima , Hanon Muammel M. , Vashist Varun , Habib Ahmad , Szakál Zoltán , Oldal István
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis between rectangular-shaped ASTM D3039 specimens with different angles (0°, 15°, and 90°) and various tensile test specimens based on ASTM and ISO standards, all 3D-printed using polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) material through FDM. The study aimed to assesses the weak spot commonly found at the neck of the specimens. Two different printing orientations, namely flat and on-edge, were investigated, and a comprehensive examination and comparison were made regarding the variations in tensile strength, E-modulus, strain, and elongation at break among the tested samples. Additionally, the broken areas was evaluated, and a numerical study utilizing the finite element method (FEM) was conducted to identify stress risers' locations in each specimen type. The experimental results demonstrated that the ASTM D3039-0° specimen exhibited the best tensile properties when printed in the on-edge orientation, while the flat orientation yielded the best results in terms of the broken area. On the other hand, the ISO 527-2 specimens displayed the lowest tensile properties, regardless of the printing orientation. The study highlighted the enhanced tensile properties achieved with the rectangular shape. Specifically, the tensile strength of ASTM D3039-0° was 17.87% and 21% higher than that of the ISO 527 geometry shape for the flat and on-edge orientations, respectively. The numerical analysis indicated that the ISO 527-2 specimen had either no or minimal stress raisers, and the higher stresses observed in the narrow section were isolated from the gripping location.
Signaling Pathways Leading to mTOR Activation Downstream Cytokine Receptors in Lymphocytes in Health and Disease
Authors: Fallone Lucie , Walzer Thierry , Marçais Antoine
Published: June 2023

CD8 T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes important in the response to intracellular pathogens and cancer. Their activity depends on the integration of a large set of intracellular and environmental cues, including antigenic signal, cytokine stimulation and nutrients availability. This integration is achieved by signaling hubs such as the mechanistic target of Rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR is a conserved protein kinase, controlling cellular growth and metabolism in eukaryotic cells and therefore is essential for lymphocyte development and maturation. However, our current understanding of mTOR signaling comes mostly from studies performed in transformed cell lines, which constitute a poor model to comprehend metabolic pathway regulation. Therefore, it is only quite recently that the regulation of mTOR in primary cells has been assessed. Here we review the signaling pathways leading to mTOR activation in CD8 T and NK cells, focusing on activation by cytokines. We also discussed how this knowledge can contribute to immunotherapy development for intracellular pathogen and cancer treatment.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in “Special” NSCLC Populations: A Viable Approach?
Authors: Bronte Giuseppe , Cosi Donato Michele , Magri Chiara , Frassoldati Antonio , Crinò Lucio , Calabrò Luana
Published: June 2023

Over the last decade, the therapeutic scenario for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has undergone a major paradigm shift. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown a meaningful clinical and survival improvement in different settings of the disease. However, the real benefit of this therapeutic approach remains controversial in selected NSCLC subsets, such as those of the elderly with active brain metastases or oncogene-addicted mutations. This is mainly due to the exclusion or underrepresentation of these patient subpopulations in most of the pivotal phase III studies; this precludes the generalization of the ICI efficacy in this context. Moreover, no predictive biomarkers of ICI response exist that can help with patient selection for this therapeutic approach. Here, we critically summarize the current state of ICI efficacy in the most common “special” NSCLC subpopulations.
Assessment of Energy Demand for PHEVs in Year-Round Operating Conditions
Authors: Graba Mariusz , Mamala Jarosław , Bieniek Andrzej , Augustynowicz Andrzej , Czernek Krystian , Krupińska Andżelika , Włodarczak Sylwia , Ochowiak Marek
Published: June 2023

In this paper, particular attention is paid to an advanced variant of the plug-in hybrid engine, known as PHEV, which combines two functionalities: the vehicle's internal combustion engine (ICEV) and the electric engine (BEV). The paper also presents the assumptions of the DEVS model, which allows for the estimation of vehicle’s energy consumption. The study described herein also presents the influence of factors such as ambient temperature and constant speed on the PHEV’s energy consumption. It has been shown that the vehicle’s range estimated based on its electronic control module (ECU) is about 20% shorter per annum on average for its year-round operation in every-day driving conditions. When analyzing the energy consumption based on the vehicle’s unit energy consumption model, attention was paid to values that are strongly correlated with the traffic volume and weather conditions affecting the moving vehicle. In addition, the authors emphasized that the estimated total energy consumption of an electric (BEV) or hybrid (PHEV) vehicle, relative to the normative values arising from the type approval test cycle, deviate from the actual values arising from real driving conditions and often vary substantially. In extreme cases, the actual range of a hybrid vehicle is 75% shorter.
Clinical Experience with Autofluorescence Guided Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surgery
Authors: Pošta Petr , Kolk Andreas , Pivovarčíková Kristýna , Liška Jan , Genčur Jiří , Moztarzadeh Omid , Micopulos Christos , Pěnkava Adam , Mária Frolo , Hauer Lukáš
Published: June 2023

The influence of preoperative examination of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) mucosal surrounding by VELscope (Visually Enhanced Lesion Scope) on the radicality of surgical treatment of OSCC was the goal of this study.It is the first analysis of its kind with a total number of 122 patients suffering from OSCC with homogenous distribution of different tumor stages randomized into a study and a control group and enrolled in our study after meeting the inclusion criteria. The preoperative checkup by VELscope accompanied by the marking of the range of a loss of fluorescence in the study group was performed before the surgery. We have developed a unique mucosal tattoo marking technique for this purpose. The pathohistological results after surgical treatment, i.e. the margin status, were then compared. We achieved the pathological free margin (pFM) in 55 patients, the pathological close margin (pCM) in 6 cases and we encountered no case of the pathological positive margin (pPM) in the mucosal layer in the study group. In comparison, the control group results revealed pPM in 7 cases, pCM in 14 cases and pFM in 40 of all cases in the mucosal layer. This study proved that the preoperative autofluorescence evaluation of a tumor mucosal surrounding can enhance the ability to reach the pFM resection.
Evaluation of Color, Hardness, and Tannin Content of Soft Cheese with Biduri Leaf Extract Level
Authors: Natsir Sulmiyati , Malelak Gemini Ermiani M.
Published: June 2023

Soft cheese Suspesi is a soft cheese to which biduri leaf extract is added as a coagulant. There is no research on the color, hardness, and content of tannins contained in soft cheese suspesi. The purpose of this research was to analyze and evaluate the hardness, color *L, *a, *b, and tannin content with the addition of biduri leaf extract at levels of 3% and 5% in soft cheese suspesi. This research used a completely randomized design with two treatments with six replications. A1= Biduri leaf extract level 3% (v/v), A2= Biduri leaf extract level 5% (v/v). Data on hardness, color, and tannin content were analyzed by Independent T-Test. The results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the hardness, color *L, and tannin content. Color *a and color *b did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). In conclusion, the levels of added biduri leaf extract gave different levels of hardness, color *L, *a, *b, and tannin content in the soft cheese suspesi. The characteristics of the soft cheese suspesi increased in terms of hardness, color *L, *a, *b, and tannin content in line with the level of added biduri leaf extract.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE SLIPPAGE PREVENTION SYSTEM BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK CONTROLLER
Authors: Vorobiov Bohdan , Senchenko Serhii , Pshenychnykov Dmytro , Likhno Yaroslav , Khan Liu
Published: June 2023

А functional diagram of the skidding prevention system was built, a mathematical model of an asynchronous electric drive of an electric vehicle was built, and a neuro-regulator was synthesized. The asynchronous motor is selected according to the equivalent power method, and the standard urban WLT cycle is taken as the basic cycle cycle. The mathematical model of the mechanical part is built taking into account the possibility of simulating the slippage of each of the driving wheels separately with different coupling coefficients. The model consists of a power converter, a battery, a speed regulator, a torque regulator, an asynchronous motor, a braking resistor, a unit for generating set signals, a mechanics unit and measuring units. The internal control system is built on the basis of DTC vector control using Matlab blocks. This work uses the NARMA-L2 control block, which is included in the Neural Network ToolboxTM. A simplified model (object model) was built, neural network parameters such as the number of hidden layers, discretization, number of samples, and number of epochs were selected for neural network training. The neural network was trained taking into account the linearized model of the object, which reflects the qualitative type of real processes in the system. Regardless of the linearization of the system, the output signal with a minimal error (about 1%) corresponds to the input. An analysis of the obtained results of network training was carried out. Simulation of system operation without skidding and skidding of one of the wheels was carried out. The simulation results are compared with the error obtained during neural network training, namely the discrepancy between the output and input signals. The model does not take into account side drift, so only the discrepancy in wheel speeds and the linear change in the speed of the electric vehicle can be observed. The possibility of using the traction electric drive using the method of intelligent neural networks in the safety system of the electric vehicle is shown. A conclusion was made about the operability and efficiency of the system using a neurocontroller to prevent one of the possible slippage modes.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDENT'S ELECTRONIC CABINET FOR USE ON DIFFERENT OPERATING SYSTEMS
Authors: Mietielov Volodymyr , Marusenko Oleksii , Vlasov Mykyta
Published: June 2023

In the work designed, developed and implemented a cross-platform application for using the student's office anywhere and being able to receive information about changes in the schedule or a message from the teacher instantly. This allows each student to adjust their schedule more quickly and more conveniently in accordance with the class schedule. All users get access to the application according to their authorization data, which allows you to protect user data from theft and unauthorized access. The cross-platform application provides an information base that is displayed in the form of windows with news, schedule, messages, scorebook. The integration of information, which involves the synchronization of data in various software applications and its consolidation for further processing by a person or automated systems, has been carried out. As a rule, corporate information is presented in structured and unstructured form, and the second exceeds the first by 3-4 times, and the task of its consolidation is often extremely important. Data integration in an unstructured form is carried out by corporate content management systems and knowledge management systems. For the full functioning of the application, the API part of the application is placed on a dedicated server, and the application is distributed through application stores (PlayStore, AppStore). The application can be used on different operating systems, since the React Native framework is cross-platform. The application was developed using the Windows 10 operating system, the JavaScript programming language and its frameworks: React Native and NodeJS. As a result of the work, a system was created that performs the described functionality and ensures data security for all users. This application allows the student to view the current schedule, check personal data, choose the discipline of study he needs or see the current grades for the semester. All this makes the application necessary for daily use in order to always be in the flow of events happening in the educational institution. The speed of displaying information when using a cross-platform application is much higher than viewing this data through the user's browser.
Excel-oriented calculator for calculating results of entropy analysis of data distributed by categories
Authors: Gadetska Svitlana , Dubnitskiy Valeriy , Khodyrev Alexander , Kushneruk Yuri
Published: June 2023

The goal of the work. Development of EXCEL-oriented calculator for calculating the results of entropy analysis of data, which are distributed by categories. The subject of research is histograms of arbitrary distribution laws and conjugation tables 2×2. Research methods: Entropy and information analysis of histograms of arbitrary distribution laws and conjugation tables. The obtained results. It is proposed to use methods of entropy analysis for the analysis of data distributed by categories; information on the structure of the EXCEL-oriented calculator designed for this purpose is given. The calculator makes it possible to calculate entropy characteristics of histograms, namely: histogram entropy, histogram dispersion, histogram confidence intervals, diversity information index. The calculator performs a pairwise comparison of entropies of histograms using the Hutcheson method, determines Hellinger and Kullback-Leibler distances between histograms of arbitrary distribution laws and thus complements the chi-square criterion, determines the informational correlation coefficient. The correspondence between the Pearson correlation coefficient and the information correlation coefficient is established by the method of statistical modeling. For 2×2 conjugation tables, the calculator makes it possible to estimate the significance of the interaction between the row factor and the column factor. The calculator determines the values of conditional entropies for 2×2 conjugation tables. The proposed calculator fills the gaps in existing software products and can be used to process data distributed by categories using entropy analysis methods. It is shown that entropy methods of analysis are appropriate to use in cases where histograms determine arbitrary distribution laws.
Optimalization of Multiple Intelligence Through Qur’an Therapy in Pondok Pesantren Nurul Qur’an (PPNQ)
Authors: Farida Farida
Published: June 2023

The era of globalization demands a human being has diverse intelligence that assisted with education, a fact that provides an environment that enables people to develop their talents, interests, and a range of intelligence optimally. Multiple intelligences/MI (Multiple Intelligences) popularized Howard Gardner that intelligence there are some special intelligence who each independently. Being human learners in human institutions and interfere the Qur'an in PPNQ need intelligence in various things. The opportunity to explore the intelligence power-power by using therapy to the Qur'an. "Well, you are the people who read and studied the Qur'an and teach it" (HR. Bukhari). So the understanding of the universe and its contents are sourced in the Qur'an. This paper aims to identify the root of the problems of the most fundamental of the occurrence of events that destroys the joints of human life psychologically in Indonesia, the way human intellectual effort and overcoming learning difficulties, and the way to do therapy and countermeasures with the Qur’an. 
Religious Coping Strategies of HIV/AIDS Women and Its Relevance with The Implementation of Sufistic Conseling in Health Services
Authors: Hidayanti Ema , Syukur Amin
Published: June 2023

This qualitative research attempts to describe the Religious Coping Strategies (RCS) of HIV / AIDS women in the Dr. Kariadi State Government Hospital, Semarang. Data collection through in-depth interviews with 6 informants. The result shows that 4 housewives informants developed Positive RCS, can be seen from three aspects, namely 1). They improve worship and forgive partners; 2). They are able to take lessons from the pain and use the hijab; 3). They are optimistic, it is shown in the spirit of work and adherence to treatment. The other 2 informants, WPS (Female Sex Workers) and PK (Karaoke Guides) tend to choose Negative RCS. This is seen from spiritual dissatisfaction (assuming fate and not wanting to change themselves for the better), thinking that the illness is a punishment indicated by despair and suicide attempts, and judging negatively on his religion (still running his profession without heeding the sins and effects that have been experienced). Furthermore, the roots of the relevance of RCS for HIV / AIDS women with the application of sufistic counseling in health services can be traced to the existence of Islamic counseling practiced by counselors at this clinic. This is where the opportunity to apply Islamic counseling is more specific to the planting of Sufistic values. Sufistic counseling emphasizes behaviors such as gratitude, patience, qana'ah, and sincerity, in fact RCS can be invested in Muslim HIV / AIDS patients. These attitudes and behaviors play an important role in suppressing the progression of the disease.
Is it Still Urgent for the Sufistic-Prophetic Guidance and Counseling in Digital Era?
Authors: Anwar Moh Khoerul , Casmini Casmini
Published: June 2023

Sufistic-Prophetic guidance and counseling in the digital era to be a questions. Is it still important and applicable? This is discussed in this article that changes the era and will the era change the view of prophetic example? Therefore it is necessary to study and explore the sufistic-prophetic guidance and counseling in the digital era. The purpose of this study is to explore the urgency of sufistic-prophetic guidance and counseling strategies as an effort to achieve the psychological well-being of adolescents in the digital era. In addition, this study also tries to re-examine the extent to which sufistic-prophetic guidance and counseling is important and can be applied in the digital era. This study combines literature and empirical methods by conducting interviews with guidance and counselling teacher, and student in islamic high school. The results of this study indicate that sufistic-prophetic is important for adolescents in the digital era with some evidence of the focus of the findings namely; a) the existence of several prophetic counseling and counseling strategies, b) the prophetic approach is able to foster awareness of the importance of the psychological well-being of adolescents c) prophetic counseling and guidance can help to control adolescents in facing the digital era and d) sufistic- prophetic guidance and counseling are still important and can be applied despite the changing era into the digital era.
The effectiveness of Immersive Educational Technologies compared to Non-Immersive ones on Clinical Skills among Nursing & Midwifery Students during COVID-19: A Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: zarifsanaiey Nahid , Karimian Zahra , Barahmand Nilofar , Mehrabi Manoosh , Safarpour Ali Reza
Published: June 2023

Background
Learning clinical skills is one of the most important responsibilities of medical students, especially midwives and nurses. The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has created a challenge in teaching clinical skills and at the same time movement towards online training such as using immersive educational technologies (IET). The primary objective of this study is to determine whether IET compared to non-IET are effective in clinical skills among nursing and midwifery students during COVID-19.
Methods
Health professions including nursing & midwifery students are populations of this study. We will include randomized clinical trials or controlled trials that investigate the effectiveness of immersive educational technologies on clinical skills among nursing and midwifery students during COVID-19. Traditional clinical education learning methods, face to face (didactic) learning, classroom learning, in-person clinical instruction, in-person clinical attachments, multimedia, games, e-books and so on are comparators. The primary outcome of this study is measuring clinical skill performance among Nursing & midwifery students and comparing the efficacy of immersive educational technologies (IET) and non-immersive ones during covid-19. Clinical skills should have been measured objectively with clinical examination, or a reliable and valid checklist for measuring clinical skills or clinical competence. Randomized clinical trials or controlled trials will be eligible to include in the review.
Discussion
Given the increasing growth of immersive educational technologies, the information gathered from this study can be used by health decision makers to pay attention to educational methods based on their effectiveness and efficiency, especially in the time of crisis.
Systematic Review Registration:
PROSPERO Registration Number is, CRD42022369713 in 01.11.2022
The autoPET challenge: Towards fully automated lesion segmentation in oncologic PET/CT imaging
Authors: Gatidis Sergios , Früh Marcel , Fabritius Matthias , Gu Sijing , Nikolaou Konstantin , Fougère Christian La , Ye Jin , He Junjun , Peng Yige , Bi Lei , Ma Jun , Wang Bo , Zhang Jia , Huang Yukun , Heiliger Lars , Marinov Zdravko , Stiefelhagen Rainer , Egger Jan , Kleesiek Jens , Sibille Ludovic , Xiang Lei , Bendazolli Simone , Astaraki Mehdi , Schölkopf Bernhard , Ingrisch Michael , Cyran Clemens , Küstner Thomas
Published: June 2023

We describe the results of the autoPET challenge, a biomedical image analysis challenge aimed to motivate and focus research in the field of automated whole-body PET/CT image analysis. The challenge task was the automated segmentation of metabolically active tumor lesions on whole-body FDG-PET/CT. Challenge participants had access to one of the largest publicly available annotated PET/CT data sets for algorithm training. Over 350 teams from all continents registered for the autoPET challenge; the seven best-performing contributions were awarded at the MICCAI annual meeting 2022. Based on the challenge results we conclude that automated tumor lesion segmentation in PET/CT is feasible with high accuracy using state-of-the-art deep learning methods. We observed that algorithm performance in this task may primarily rely on the quality and quantity of input data and less on technical details of the underlying deep learning architecture. Future iterations of the autoPET challenge will focus on clinical translation.
Acquired resistance to bispecific antibodies by genetic or epigenetic inactivation of the target in multiple myeloma
Authors: Derrien Jennifer , Gastineau Sarah , Frigout Antoine , Giordano Nils , Cherkaoui Mia , Gaborit Victor , Douillard Elise , Devic Magali , Magrangeas Florence , Moreau Philippe , Minvielle Stephane , Touzeau Cyrille , Boinon Rémi , Letouzé Eric
Published: June 2023

Bispecific antibodies targeting CD3 on T cells and GPRC5D on plasma cells (talquetamab) demonstrated promising efficacy in multiple myeloma, but acquired resistance usually occurs within a few months. Using a single-nucleus multi-omic strategy in 3 patients with acquired talquetamab resistance, we identified two mechanisms of GPRC5D inactivation, by bi-allelic genetic inactivation, or by long-range epigenetic silencing of its promoter and enhancer regions. Investigating the molecular profiles of target genes may help guiding the choice of immunotherapy and early detection of resistance in multiple myeloma.
Effect of fluoride varnishes on oral bacteria of preschool children with cavitated and non-cavitated carious lesions: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Manchanda Sheetal , Sardana Divesh , Peng Simin , Lo Edward , Yiu Cynthia
Published: June 2023

We compare the effect of calcium and phosphate-containing sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes to conventional NaF varnish on S. mutans and L. fermentum counts. 3-4 years old children were grouped according to their caries status (n=45 each): caries-free, with non-cavitated and with cavitated lesions. Each group was randomly subdivided (n=15 each) into: Group 1- 5% NaF, Group 2- 5% NaF with tricalcium phosphate, Group 3- 5% NaF with casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate. Biofilm and saliva were collected to quantify microorganisms at baseline (T1) and 24-months (T2). Differences between groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Bonferroni post-test, at 0.05 a-level. Significant difference was found for percentage of children with detectable biofilm L. fermentum (p=0.013) at T1 and salivary S. mutans (p=0.011) at T2. Percentage of children increased from T1 to T2 in Group 2 with salivary S. mutans (p=0.007), salivary L. fermentum (p=0.035), and biofilm L. fermentum (p=0.019) and in Group 3 with salivary L. fermentum (p=0.035). Bacterial change was not significant in both samples of intervention groups, except increase in salivary S. mutans (p=0.038) in Group 3. Both calcium- and phosphate-containing NaF varnishes demonstrated similar antibacterial effect on S. mutans and L. fermentum compared to conventional NaF varnish.
Climate Assessment of US Endangered Species Improves, Actions Still Lag
Authors: Delach Aimee , Weber Theodore , Niederman Talia E.
Published: June 2023

We updated previous research on inclusion of climate change in listing and conservation planning for animals listed as endangered under the US Endangered Species Act, to include documents published through 2022. Inclusion of climate change as a threat has improved from 64% to 85% and action planning more than doubled, from 18% to 38%. Despite improvement, the majority of our most imperiled species still lack climate adaptation actions.
Effect of cleft lip and palate on mandibular condylar volume and dimensions using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Acsil Rana Mahjoobi , Tallaeipoor Ahmad Reza , Mehralizadeh Sandra , Etesami Mohammad Javad , kiaee Bita , Jamilian Abdolreza , Amiri Faezeh
Published: June 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of cleft lip and palate (CLP) on mandibular condylar volume and dimensions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on the head and neck, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) CBCT scans of 18 patients with unilateral CLP (UCLP) and 18 non-cleft controls with class I occlusion. The mediolateral and anteroposterior dimensions and height and volume of the right and left condyles were measured by the ITK-SNAP software. Comparisons were made by one-way ANOVA and paired sample t-test (alpha = 0.05).Results The mediolateral dimension of the condyle of the affected side in UCLP patients was significantly smaller than the right and left condyles in healthy controls (mean difference of 2.33 mm, P = 0.002). This value at the unaffected side of UCLP patients was also significantly smaller than the right and left condyles in healthy controls (mean difference of 2.05, P = 0.005). Anteroposterior dimension, and condylar height and volume at the affected and unaffected sides of UCLP patients were not significantly different within group, or when compared with healthy controls (P > 0.05).Conclusions Only the mediolateral width of the condyle at both sides in UCLP patients was significantly smaller than the values in the right and left condyles of non-cleft controls.
SOX2 Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry by Accelerating Glycolysis via the LncRNA AC005392.2-GLUT1 Axis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Shimiao , Wang Xuan , Zhu Yin , Wang Yadong , Chen Jiaxuan , Zheng Haoxuan
Published: June 2023

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a new model of angiogenesis, fulfills the metabolic demands of solid tumors and contributes to tumor aggressiveness. Our previous study demonstrated the effect of SOX2 in promoting VM in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind this effect. The influence of SOX2 on glycolysis was examined via assessment of glucose consumption, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Candidate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) was analyzed using lncRNA microarray. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, RNA pulldown, and mass spectrometry analyses were performed to demonstrate the detailed molecular mechanism of the SOX2-lncRNA AC005392.2-GLUT1 signaling axis. Here, we report that SOX2 overexpression enhanced glycolysis and sustained VM formation via the transcriptional activation of AC005392.2. Suppression of either AC005392.2 expression or glycolysis signaling curbed SOX2-driven VM formation in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, SOX2 combined with the promoter of AC005392.2, which decreased H3K27me3 enrichment and thus increased its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, overexpression of AC005392.2 increased the stability of GLUT1 protein by enhancing its SUMOylation, leading to a decrease in the ubiquitination and degradation of GLUT1. Additionally, overexpression of GLUT1 contributed to SOX2-mediated glycolysis and VM. Clinical analyses showed that increased levels of AC005392.2, GLUT1, and EPHA2 expression were positively correlated with SOX2 and were also associated with poor prognoses in patients with CRC. Our study conclusively demonstrates that the SOX2-lncRNA AC005392.2-GLUT1 signaling axis regulates VM formation in CRC, offering a foundation for the development of new antiangiogenic drugs or new drug combination regimens.
Effects on cardiovascular risk factors of a low- vs high-Glycemic Index Mediterranean Diet in high cardiometabolic risk individuals: The MEDGI-Carb Study
Authors: Bergia Robert E , Vitale Marilena , Hjorth Therese , Campbell Wayne , Landberg Rikard , Riccardi Gabriele , Giacco Rosalba , Costabile Giuseppina
Published: June 2023

Background
The role of dietary Glycemic Index (GI), independently of fiber intake, in modulating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among non-diabetic individuals has not been fully elucidated.
Objective
To evaluate the effects of a low- versus a high-GI diet, based on a Mediterranean dietary pattern, on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals at high CVD risk, participating in the MEDGI-Carb intervention study.
Subjects and methods
: 160 individuals, aged 30–69 years, BMI 25–37 kg/m2, with a waist circumference > 102 cm (males) or > 88 cm (females) and one feature of the metabolic syndrome, participated in a multi-national (Italy, Sweden, USA) randomized controlled parallel group trial. Participants were assigned to a low GI (< 55) or high-GI MedDiet (> 70) for 12 weeks. The diets were isoenergetic and similar for available carbohydrate (270g/d) and fiber (35g/d) content. Fasting metabolic parameters were evaluated in the whole cohort, while an 8-hour postprandial triglyceride profile was evaluated only in the Italian cohort.
Results
Blood pressure and most fasting metabolic parameters improved at the end of MedDiet intervention (time effect, p < 0.05 for all); however, no differences were observed between the low- and the high-GI MedDiet groups (time x group effect; p > 0.05 for all). Conversely, the low-GI diet, compared with high-GI diet, significantly reduced postprandial triglycerides (iAUC) after lunch (-80%; p = 0.013).
Conclusions
Consuming a low-GI in comparison with a high-GI MedDiet does not differentially affect any of the cardiometabolic risk factors at fasting in individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk. Conversely, the low-GI diet reduces the postprandial plasma triglyceride profile.
Clinical Trial Registry Number: NCT03410719, (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
A fractional-order creep constitutive model considering the viscoelastic - viscoplastic coexistence mechanism
Authors: Zhao Jia , Zhao Weigang , Xie Kaize , Yang Yong
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the accuracy and universality of the nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic mechanical behavior characterization method of asphalt mixture, a new criterion for the division of creep process of materials is established based on the strain yield characteristics, and the coexistence mechanism of viscoelastic-viscoplastic strain is proposed in the subsequent yield stage; Then, a novel viscoelastic element in the form of parallel connection of two fractional viscoelastic elements is established based on the theory of fractional calculus, and its mathematical equation is derived; With the novel viscoelastic element, a constitutive model characterizing the whole process of creep of asphalt mixture is established, and its analytical expression is derived. The laboratory short-term creep test of Cement and Asphalt Mortar (CA mortar) and the simulation test data of asphalt mixture from the references were used to verify the constitutive model. The results show that the constitutive model has good adaptability to the creep characteristics of different types of asphalt mixture under different stress levels.So, the model can used to provide a theoretical reference for the study of the mechanical behavior characterization of asphalt materials.
Hypertonic saline induces inflammation in human macrophages through the NLRP1 inflammasome
Authors: Sposito Francesca , Northey Sarah , Charras Amandine , McNamara Paul , Hedrich Christian
Published: June 2023

Nebulized hypertonic saline (3–7%) is commonly used to increase mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic airway disease and/or virus infections. However, altered salt concentrations may contribute to inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 500mM NaCl (3%) triggers inflammation in human macrophages and identify the molecular mechanisms involved. NaCl induced pyroptosis, IL-1β, IL-18 and ASC speck release was measured in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Treatment with the recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra or the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 did not affect NaCl-mediated inflammasome assembly. Knock-down of NLRP1 expression, but not of NLRP3 and NLRC4, reduced NaCl induced pyroptosis, proinflammatory cytokine and ASC speck release from human THP-1-derived macrophages. Data from this study suggest that 3% NaCl induced inflammatory responses in human macrophages depend on NLRP1 and inflammasome assembly. Targeting inflammation in addition to inhalation with hypertonic saline may benefit patients with inflammatory airway disease.
Scale-selective identification and assessment of global eddies from satellite data
Authors: Yang Yikai , Zeng Lili , Wang Qiang
Published: June 2023

Automatic ocean eddy identification algorithms are crucial for global eddy research. In this study, a scale-selective eddy identification algorithm (SEIA) that features improvements in the detection and tracking processes is presented for the global ocean based on closed sea level anomalies. First, the previous strategy of using thresholds to define eddy boundaries is replaced with a scale-selective scheme, which restricts the numbers of upper and lower grid points based on the data resolution and eddy spatial scale. Under such conditions, eddy boundaries that are overestimated will be flexibly removed. Furthermore, an effective overlap scheme is used to track eddies by calculating the intersection ratio of time-step-successive eddies. The SEIA generates approximately 1.6 million anticyclonic eddies and 1.5 million cyclonic eddies by the satellite altimetry product from the French Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic Data (AVISO) over a 29-year period (1993-2021; https://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.o00035.00004). Assessments of the global distribution of eddies, eddy propagation speed, eddy path and evolution characteristics, and observation-based eddy hydrological conditions verify the validity of the SEIA.
COVID-19 and flu, exploring the infection of virus, the safety and attitudes of vaccination in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Yi Cuili , Zheng Xiaohuang , Lin Kezhao , Xiao Jihong
Published: June 2023

Background
Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased burden of infections. Immunization is recognized as being one of the most efficient means to prevent infections. However, many patients refuse or hesitate to be vaccinated mainly due to safety concerns. We performed this study to explore the infection of COVID-19 and influenza, the safety and attitudes regarding inactivated COVID-19 vaccination and influenza vaccination in pediatric rheumatic patients.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective survey using a questionnaire from November 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022. Pediatric rheumatic patients with inactive disease received inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at the age of 3–18 years old were recruited. Demographic data and vaccination adverse events (AEs) were collected. All parents of patients were telephone-interviewed in May 2023 regarding COVID-19 infection, influenza infection and influenza vaccination of their children in the past one year. Self-reported disease flares that occurred after infection and vaccination, as well as reasons for non-vaccination were recorded.
Results
A total of 192 patients were recruited. Local AEs occurred in 11.5% and 10.1% of patients after the first and the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination; the percentages were 8.9% and 6.3% for systemic AEs. Three (1.6%) patients experienced original disease flare. In total, 177 parents responded the telephone questionnaire, among which, 101 (57.1%) of their children had COVID-19 infection. All had mild symptoms and 8 patients experienced disease flares. Thirty-two (18.1%) patients had influenza infection. All experienced mild symptoms except one patient was hospitalization. One patient experienced a disease flare. Seventeen (9.6%) patients were vaccinated against influenza, none of them experienced serious AEs or disease flare. The main reasons for non-vaccination of influenza were the fear of AEs and disease flare (n = 60, 37.5%) and not receiving enough information about influenza vaccination from their doctors (n = 84, 52.5%). Ninety-six (60%) parents whose children were non-vaccination responded that would vaccinate their children if advised to by a rheumatologist.
Conclusions
These findings confirm on the safety of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination and inactivated influenza vaccination in pediatric rheumatic patients. Rheumatologists should take more responsibility in vaccination education of pediatric rheumatic patients.
Protein-mediated folding of the genome is essential for site-specific integration of foreign DNA into CRISPR loci
Authors: Santiago-Frangos Andrew , Henriques William , Wiegand Tanner , Gauvin Colin , Buyukyoruk Murat , Neselu Kasahun , Eng Edward , Lander Gabriel , Wilkinson Royce , Graham Ava , Wiedenheft Blake
Published: June 2023

Bacteria and archaea acquire resistance to viruses and plasmids by integrating fragments of foreign DNA into the first repeat of a CRISPR array. However, the mechanism of site-specific integration remains poorly understood. Here, we determine a 560 kDa integration complex structure that explains how Cas (Cas1-2/3) and non-Cas proteins (IHF) fold 150 base-pairs of host DNA into a U-shaped bend and a loop that protrude from Cas1-2/3 at right angles. The U-shaped bend traps foreign DNA on one face of the Cas1-2/3 integrase, while the loop places the first CRISPR repeat in the Cas1 active site. Both Cas3s rotate 100-degrees to expose DNA binding sites on either side of the Cas2 homodimer, that each bind an inverted repeat motif in the leader. Leader sequence motifs direct Cas1-2/3-mediated integration to diverse repeat sequences that have a 5’-GT.
Implementation of different relationship estimate methodologies in Breeding Value prediction in kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta)
Authors: Mertten Daniel , Baldwin Samantha , Cheng Canhong H. , McCallum John , Thomson Susan , Ashton David T. , McKenzie Catherine , Lenhard Michael , Datson Paul M.
Published: June 2023

In dioecious crops such as Actinidia arguta(kiwiberries), some of the main challenges when breeding for fruit characteristics is the selection of potential male parents and the long juvenile period. Currently, breeding values of male parents are estimated through progeny tests, which makes the breeding of new kiwiberry cultivars time-consuming and costly. The application of Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), which does not rely exclusively on information of relatives, would allow direct estimation of sex-related traits and speed up kiwiberry breeding. Owing to the high cost of genome sequencing, it is important to understand the effects of different sources of relationship matrices on estimating breeding values across a breeding population. In this study, we used a linear mixed model approach to estimate narrow sense heritability for one vine-related trait and five fruit-related traits for two incomplete factorial crossing designs. We obtained BLUPs for all genotypes, taking into consideration whether the relationship was pedigree-based or marker-based. Because of the increasing implementation of genomic selection in crop breeding, we compared the effects of incorporating different sources of information in building relationship matrices and ploidy levels on the accuracy of BLUPs, heritability and predictive ability. As kiwiberries are autotetraploids, multivalent chromosome formation and occasionally double reduction can occur during meiosis, and this can affect the accuracy of prediction. We demonstrate that the accuracy of BLUPs of male siblings, without phenotypic observations, strongly improved when a tetraploid marker-based relationship matrix was used rather than parental BLUPs and female siblings with phenotypic observations.
Lysozyme-Derived Peptides as a Novel Nutra-Preservative to Control Some Food Poisoning and Food Spoilage Microorganisms
Authors: Abdou Adham M. , Awad Dina A. B.
Published: June 2023

Food-borne illnesses and microbial food contamination are crucial concerns and still issues of major worldwide concern. Lysozyme (Lz) is an active protein against Gram-positive bacteria through its muramidase lytic activity, however, several authors could identify some antimicrobial peptides derived from native Lz that have an exaggerated and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Therefore, a lysozyme peptides preparation (LzP) is developed in order to broaden the Lz spectrum. In this work, we investigated the potential efficacy of LzP as a novel Nutra-preservative (food origin) agent against some pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Our results showed that LzP demonstrated only 11% of the lysozyme lytic activity. However, LzP exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Pseudomonas species, while Salmonella typhi and Aeromonas hydrophila exhibited slight resistance. Despite the lowest LzP concentration (0.1%) employed, it performs stronger antibacterial activity than weak organic acids (0.3%). Interestingly, the synergistic multi-component formulation (LzP, glycine, and citric acid) could inhibit 6 log10 cfu/ml of E. coli survival growth. The effect of heat treatment on LzP showed a decrease in its antibacterial activity at 5 and 67% by boiling at 100ºC/30 min, and autoclaving at 121 ºC/15 min; respectively. On the other hand, LzP acquired stable antibacterial activity at different pH values (4–7). In conclusion, LzP would be an innovative, natural, and food-origin preservative to control the growth of food poisoning and spoilage bacteria in food.