bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asuhan Keperawatan Gerontik dengan Kasus Stroke di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Madago Tentena
Authors: Mapu Nurfaizah N.S , Agusrianto Agusrianto
Published: March 2024

Latar belakang Lansia dengan umur 60 tahun keatas beresiko untuk mengalami berbagai macam penyakit degenerative termasuk salah satunya stroke. Lansia dengan stroke akan mengalami kondisi fisik seperti kelumpuhan, dan kesulitan dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari. Asuhan keperawatan diberikan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dialami lansia stroke dan meningkatkan kenyamanan. Metode Penelitian: Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus (case study). subyek study 1 orang lansia yang menderita stroke, dengan kesadaran komposmentis, berusia lebih dari 60 tahun, dan bersedia menjadi responden penelitian. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode wawancara, metode observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian :Hasil pengkajian didapatkan data kelemahan ekstremitas sebelah kiri, susah memulai tidur, sering terbangun malam hari, riwayat jatuh, penglihatan kabur. Diagnosa yang ditegakan yaitu (1) gangguan mobilitas fisik berhubungan dengan penurunan kekuatan otot, (2) gangguan pola tidur berhubungan dengan kurang kontrol tidur, dan (3) risiko jatuh. Intervensi keperawatan yaitu teknik latihan penguatan sendi, terapi aktifitas, dukungan tidur, terapi musik, terapi pemijatan, dan pencegahan jatuh. Implementasi dilakukan selama 7 hari. Setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan masalah keperawatan teratasi dengan hasil kekuatan otot meningkat, kelemahan fisik menurun, sulit tidur menurun. dan risiko jatuh tidak terjadi. Kesimpulan: Penerapan asuhan keperawatan komprehensif pada pasien stroke dapat mengatasi masalah keperawatan yang dialami oleh pasien dan direkomendasikan kepada perawat atau petugas panti untuk memberikan  ROM dan terapi aktifitas pada lansia yang mengalami stroke di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Madago Tentena.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE FINANCIAMENTO À CULTURA: O modelo da lei de incentivos à cultura de curitiba no audiovisual de curitiba
Authors: Estorillo Rodrigo dos Santos , Sirino Salete Paulina Machado
Published: March 2024

Os mecanismos de incentivos fiscais à cultura no Brasil se tornaram nos últimos vinte anos os principais elementos alavancadores dos recursos canalizados para o desenvolvimento da chamada indústria audiovisual brasileira, oriundos de polí­ticas públicas de investimento. O objeto de pesquisa deste artigo é o estudo da produção audiovisual curitibana nesse perí­odo no contexto da Lei de Incentivos Fiscais à Cultura do Municí­pio de Curitiba, implementada pelo Fundo Municipal de Cultura, através de recursos orçamentários, e pelo Mecenato Subsidiado, através de recursos provenientes de incentivos fiscais.
O PLANEJAMENTO DO DESIGN DE SOM NOS DOCUMENTÁRIOS MUSICAIS
Authors: Juschaks Elisa Clara Vieira
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo busca compreender a importância do planejamento sonoro nos documentários musicais, tendo como base os filmes Sound City e Música Subterrânea, analisando o design de som de suas produções e o impacto na qualidade final do produto audiovisual.
O INVASOR: UM OLHAR SOBRE A ADAPTAÇÃO DA OBRA LITERÁRIA PARA O CINEMA
Authors: Rodrigues Talita Jordina
Published: March 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir questões ligadas à adaptação fí­lmica de obras literáriasa partir de uma análise minuciosa de "O Invasor" , livro de Marçal Aquino e filme de BetoBrant. As relações de encontro e desencontro entre essas duas obras, que pertencem a meios de comunicação diferentes, devem nortear o exercí­cio de análise da adaptação.Também devem fazer parte da análise a observação da temporalidade e de recursos queo cinema teve de utilizar para conseguir transpor a obra inicial para seu meio. Algumasoutras singularidades das duas narrativas também serão tratadas. Tudo isso a partir de teorias de pensadores e estudiosos da área do cinema, da literatura, da linguí­stica e dacomunicação. Para este trabalho, serão utilizados principalmente estudos de BRITO (1995,2006) e MARTIN (2005), entre outros teóricos importantes para compreender todos essesmeios e seus diálogos entre si.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Adaptação. Cinema. Literatura. Comunicação
O TEATRO COMO RESISTÊNCIA NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR: PARA ALÉM DA MEDICALIZAÇÃO DA VIDA
Authors: Carneiro Daiane Cristina , Nogueira Juslaine de Fátima Abreu
Published: March 2024

Este artigo, no primeiro momento, analisa criticamente o cenário escolar contemporâneo no que diz respeito ao processo de medicalização da vida e da educação, uma vez que osestudantes vêm sendo classificados em categorias psiquiátricas designadoras de transtornosmentais. Em face disto, num segundo momento, analisa uma experiência de prática teatralno espaço escolar, advinda de uma vivência no Estágio Curricular no Curso de Licenciaturaem Teatro da UNESPAR em 2014, fundamentada em Augusto Boal, objetivando pensar umaescola que se constitua a partir de relações educativas que respeitem as singularidades e,assim, construam formas de resistências possí­veis às intervenções medicalizantes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Teatro; Escola; Resistência; Medicalização; Singularidade.
Quantitative evaluation of motion compensation in post-stroke rehabilitation training based on muscle synergy
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Li Yaowei , Zhang Zan , Huo Benyan , Dong Anqin
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and a primary factor contributing to disability. Unilateral limb motor impairment caused by stroke is the most common scenario. The bilateral movement pattern plays a crucial role in assisting stroke survivors on the affected side to relearn lost skills. However, motion compensation often lead to decreased coordination between the limbs on both sides. Furthermore, muscle fatigue resulting from imbalanced force exertion on both sides of the limbs can also impact the rehabilitation outcomes.

Method: In this study, an assessment method based on muscle synergy indicators was proposed to objectively quantify the impact of motion compensation issues on rehabilitation outcomes. Muscle synergy describes the body’s neuromuscular control mechanism, representing the coordinated activation of multiple muscles during movement. 8 post-stroke hemiplegia patients and 8 healthy subjects participated in this study. During hand-cycling tasks with different resistance levels, surface electromyography signals were synchronously collected from these participants before and after fatigue. Additionally, a simulated compensation experiment was set up for healthy participants to mimic various hemiparetic states observed in patients.

Results and discussion: Synergy symmetry and synergy fusion were chosen as potential indicators for assessing motion compensation. The experimental results indicate significant differences in synergy symmetry and fusion levels between the healthy control group and the patient group (p ≤ 0.05), as well as between the healthy control group and the compensation group. Moreover, the analysis across different resistance levels showed no significant variations in the assessed indicators (p > 0.05), suggesting the utility of synergy symmetry and fusion indicators for the quantitative evaluation of compensation behaviors. Although muscle fatigue did not significantly alter the symmetry and fusion levels of bilateral synergies (p > 0.05), it did reduce the synergy repeatability across adjacent movement cycles, compromising movement stability and hindering patient recovery. Based on synergy symmetry and fusion indicators, the degree of bilateral motion compensation in patients can be quantitatively assessed, providing personalized recommendations for rehabilitation training and enhancing its effectiveness.
Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients in non-metropolitan areas of Brandenburg, Germany
Authors: Hillmeister Philipp , Li Kangbo , Dai Mengjun , Sacirovic Mesud , Pagonas Nikolaos , Ritter Oliver , Bramlage Peter , Bondke Persson Anja , Buschmann Ivo , Zemmrich Claudia
Published: March 2024

Background and aims

In the non-metropolitan region of Brandenburg (Germany), which is characterized by high rates of cardiovascular diseases and underserved medical care, there is a lack of awareness regarding lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a risk factor. In addition, data from patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in diverse regional backgrounds, including the understudied Brandenburg cohort, and various healthcare statuses remain insufficient.

Methods

In this WalkByLab study, Lp(a) levels were monitored in a non-metropolitan cohort (n = 850) in Brandenburg, Germany, comprising 533 patients at high cardiovascular risk and 317 healthy controls. Patients underwent a comprehensive angiological screening, which included blood serum analysis, assessment of medical and family history, cardiovascular risk, and disease status, and evaluation of lifestyle and quality of life. All parameters were evaluated with regard to two groups based on Lp(a) levels: low (<50 mg/dl) and high (≥50 mg/dl).

Results

Brandenburg patients with cardiovascular diseases showed higher Lp(a) levels than healthy controls (24.2% vs. 14.8%, p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis with different characteristics revealed that Lp(a) was an independent risk factor significantly associated with ASCVD (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.32–3.95, p = 0.003). The high-Lp(a) group showed a higher proportion of patients with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, or cerebrovascular disease compared to the low-Lp(a) group (50% vs. 36.8%; 57.7% vs. 45.8%; 17.6% vs. 9.2%; p = 0.004); also, a higher percentage of patients in the high-Lp(a) group had heart failure (72.8% vs. 53.2%, p = 0.014) and myocardial infarction (24.7% vs. 13.9%, p = 0.001). The high-Lp(a) group exhibited higher rates of statins (63.1% vs. 50.4%, p = 0.003), ezetimibe (14.8% vs. 5.5.%, p = 0.001), and beta-blockers (55.7% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.001) use. Lp(a) levels were found to be independent of physical activity or smoking behavior and did not change over time (12 months).

Conclusions

Our study highlights the significance of elevated Lp(a) levels in Brandenburg cardiovascular patients and identifies them as an independent risk factor for ASCVD, which has implications for addressing cardiovascular health of non-metropolitan populations.
The heart-mind relationship in women cardiovascular primary prevention: the role of depression, anxiety, distress and Type-D personality in the 10-years cardiovascular risk evaluation
Authors: Giuliani Mattia , Santagostino Baldi Giulia , Capra Nicolò , Bonomi Alice , Marzorati Chiara , Sebri Valeria , Guiddi Paolo , Montorsi Piero , Pravettoni Gabriella , Trabattoni Daniela
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among women. Prevention programmes underscore the need to address women-specific risk factors. Additionally, mental well-being is a significant aspect to consider when grappling with cardiovascular disease in women, particularly depression, anxiety, distress, and personality traits. This study aimed to create “at-risk” psychological profiles for women without prior cardiovascular disease history and to evaluate the association between anxiety, depression, distress, and Type-D personality traits with increased cardiovascular risk over 10 years.

Methods

219 women voluntarily participated in the “Monzino Women's Heart Centre” project for primary prevention and early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Psychological profiles were developed utilising cluster analysis.

Results

The primary finding indicating that belonging to the “at-risk” psychological cluster was associated with a surge in the 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction score, despite the number of comorbid risk factors (Psychological “at-risk” cluster: β = .0674; p = .006; Risk factors: β = .0199; p = .242).

Conclusions

This finding suggests that psychological well-being of women should be assessed from the very beginning of cardiovascular prevention programmes.
The molecular mechanism of thrombospondin family members in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Pan Heng , Lu Xiyi , Ye Di , Feng Yongqi , Wan Jun , Ye Jing
Published: March 2024

Cardiovascular diseases have been identified as vital factors in global morbidity and mortality in recent years. The available evidence suggests that various cytokines and pathological proteins participate in these complicated and changeable diseases. The thrombospondin (TSP) family is a series of conserved, multidomain calcium-binding glycoproteins that cause cell-matrix and cell-cell effects via interactions with other extracellular matrix components and cell surface receptors. The TSP family has five members that can be divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) based on their different structures. TSP-1, TSP-2, and TSP-4 are the most studied proteins. Among recent studies and findings, we investigated the functions of several family members, especially TSP-5. We review the basic concepts of TSPs and summarize the relevant molecular mechanisms and cell interactions in the cardiovascular system. Targeting TSPs in CVD and other diseases has a remarkable therapeutic benefit.
Investigation on shakedown response-behavior of thawed subgrade soils under long-term traffic loading
Authors: Wang Shujian , Li Xiangyang , Ti Yanzheng , Zhang Xiaoning , Yin Tao , Wang Ruibing , Jiang Xiufeng , Su Zhikai , Hao Jianwen
Published: March 2024

The shakedown state of the subgrade is crucial for the sustainable design and long-term stability evaluation of pavement structures. In order to characterize the plastic deformation and shakedown behavior of subgrade soil in seasonal frozen regions, cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on the thawed subgrade soil after seven cycles of freeze-thaw. The influences of the numbers of cycle loading, the amplitude of cyclic deviator stress, and the confining stress were considered variables. The evolution features of accumulative plastic strain, accumulative plastic strain rate, and critical dynamic stress were experimentally analyzed. Based on the shakedown theory, the ensuing discoveries were that the accumulative plastic strain response-behavior of thawed subgrade soil was typically divided into plastic shakedown, plastic creep, and incremental collapse under the long-term cyclic loading. Furthermore, the shakedown standard for thawed subgrade soil was also proposed based on the evolution of the accumulative plastic strain rate. The critical dynamic stresses can be obtained by the proposal formula to determine the different plastic deformation ranges.
Central hyperthyroidism due to an ectopic TSH-secreting pituitary tumor: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhu Chonggui , Liu Tong , Yu Haonan , Chang Lina , Zhang Xiaona , Yao Jia , Zhang Geng , Chen Qiusong , He Qing , Liu Ming
Published: March 2024

Ectopic thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting tumors are extremely rare, with only 15 reported cases in the literature. Herein, we described a 60-year-old female patient with thyrotoxicosis and elevated or unsuppressed levels of TSH. Family history and laboratory and genetic tests did not support a diagnosis of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH). Given the unsuppressed TSH, TSH-secreting tumor was suspected, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland was performed. Surprisingly, the MRI scans revealed a nodule in the nasopharynx rather than a pituitary tumor in the sella region. Further evaluation using Gallium-68 DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT) demonstrated increased DOTATATE uptake in the nasopharyngeal nodule. Additionally, an octreotide suppression test (OST) revealed an obvious reduction in TSH levels, further supporting the suspicion of the nasopharyngeal mass as the cause of inappropriate TSH secretion. To prepare for surgery, the patient received preoperative administration of octreotide, resulting in the normalization of TSH and thyroid hormone levels. The patient subsequently underwent successful surgical removal of the nasopharyngeal mass. Following the procedure, the patient experienced complete resolution of hyperthyroidism symptoms, with TSH declined and thyroid hormone levels returned to normal. Histochemistry analysis of the tumor revealed positive staining for TSH, growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2). We discussed differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to inappropriate TSH secretion, with a particular emphasis on the importance of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in combination with OST for identifying ectopic pituitary tumors.
A light-blocking greenhouse film differentially impacts climate control energy use and capsicum production
Authors: Lin Terry , Maier Chelsea R. , Liang Weiguang , Klause Norbert , He Jing , Tissue David T. , Lan Yi-Chen , Sethuvenkatraman Subbu , Goldsworthy Mark , Chen Zhong-Hua
Published: March 2024

High-tech protected cropping holds great potential to improve global food security, but high cooling energy costs in warm climates pose difficulties in propagating the industry. Emerging technologies, such as diffuse glasses fitted with photoselective thin films, have interactions with crops and other cooling technologies which are not well-characterized for warm-climate glasshouses. A light-blocking film (LBF) was chosen as a high-tech, climate-controlled greenhouse cover permitting transmission of 85% of photosynthetically-active light and blocking heat-generating radiation. Two consecutive 7-month trials of two capsicum crops were grown under warm climate conditions partially impacted by bushfire smoke, with 2 cultivars (Gina and O06614) in the first trial, and 2 cultivars (Gina and Kathia) in the second trial. Capsicum fruit yield decreased by 3% in Gina and increased by 3% in O06614 for the first trial, and decreased by 13% in Gina, 26% in Kathia for the second trial. Cooling energy use increased by 11% and 12% for both capsicum crops in AE and SE respectively, with small but insignificant decreases in fertigation demand (2%–5%). Cooling potential was significantly different from material specifications, with indications that convection from LBF interfaces was responsible for higher heat loads. LBF and similar absorptive glasses may still be beneficial for reducing nutrient, water, and energy use in warm climate glasshouses. However, yield is cultivar-dependent and may decrease with below-optimal crop lighting, whereas energy savings are more dependent on LBF orientation and building geometry than outside climate.
Numerical study of hydraulic fractures propagation in deep fracture-cavity reservoir based on continuous damage theory
Authors: Luan Hengjie , Liu Mingkang , Shan Qinglin , Jiang Yujing , Li Bo , Wang Changsheng , Cheng Xianzhen
Published: March 2024

Natural fractures and cavities are the primary spaces for oil and gas accumulation in fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs. Establishing the connection between these spaces and the wellbore through hydraulic fracturing treatment is important for oil and gas extraction from such reservoirs. Due to the discontinuity and heterogeneity of the existing natural fracture-cavity system, anticipating the viability of hydraulic fracturing treatment is troublesome. A new method to simulate the hydraulic fracturing propagation in fracture-cavity reservoirs is proposed based on the continuous damage theory. The method considers the random spatial distribution of fractures and cavities and can simulate the arbitrary expansion of hydraulic fractures in the three-dimensional direction. Based on this method, the influence of different geological and engineering factors on the propagation patterns of hydraulic fractures in the fracture-cavity reservoirs is investigated. It is found that the increase of reservoir burial depth significantly limits the propagation ranges of hydraulic fractures. The propagation modes of hydraulic fractures encountering natural fractures change with increasing burial depth, undergoing a transition from “penetrate and deflect” to ”defect” and then to ”penetrate”. The reduction of horizontal stress difference increases the complexity of hydraulic fractures, but it is not conducive for hydraulic fractures to connect more natural fractures and cavities. The increase in fracturing pump rate is significantly beneficial for hydraulic fractures to connect more natural fractures and cavities. The viscosity of fracturing fluid has a significant impact on the morphology of hydraulic fracture propagation, which undergoes a transition from simple to complex, and then to simple with the change of the fracturing fluid viscosity from low to high. either too high or too low viscosity of the fracturing fluid is not conducive to the connection of more natural fractures and cavities by hydraulic fractures. The obtained conclusions can provide a reference for the design of hydraulic fracturing treatment for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs.
Detection and classification of Brandt’s vole burrow clusters utilizing GF-2 satellite imagery and faster R-CNN model
Authors: Sun Changqing , Bao Yulong , Bao Yuhai , Vandansambuu Battsengel , Bayarsaikhan Sainbuyan , Gantumur Byambakhuu , Chantsal Narantsetseg , Hai Quansheng , Bai Xiangguo , Tang Gesi , He Bu , Wu Kai
Published: March 2024

Most small rodent populations worldwide exhibit fascinating population dynamics, capturing the attention of numerous scholars due to their multiyear cyclic fluctuations in population size and the astonishing amplitude of these fluctuations. Hulunbuir steppe stands as a crucial global hub for livestock production, yet in recent decades, the area has faced recurring challenges from steppes rodent invasions, with Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii, BV) being particularly rampant among them. They not only exhibit seasonal reproduction but also strong social behavior, and are generally considered pests, especially during population outbreak years. Prior studies suggest that BV population outbreaks tend to occur across a wider geographic area, and a strong indicator for identifying rodent outbreaks is recognizing their burrow clusters (burrow systems). Hence, this paper conducts target object detection of BV burrow clusters in the typical steppes of Hulunbuir using two GF-2 satellite images from 2021 (the year of the BV outbreak). This task is accomplished by incorporating the Faster R-CNN model in combination with three detection approaches: object-based image classification (OBIC), based on vegetation index classification (BVIC), and based on texture classification (BTC). The results indicate that OBIC demonstrated the highest robustness in BV burrow cluster detection, achieving an average AP of 63.80% and an F1 score of 0.722 across the two images. BTC exhibited the second-highest level of accuracy, achieving an average AP of 55.95% and an F1 score of 0.6660. Moreover, this approach displayed a strong performance in BV burrow clusters localization. In contrast, BVIC achieved the lowest level of accuracy among the three methods, with an average AP of only 29.45% and an F1 score of 0.4370. Overall, this study demonstrates the crucial role of utilizing high-resolution satellite imagery combined with DL-based object detection techniques in effectively monitoring and managing the potential outbreaks of steppe rodent pests across larger spatial extents.
Adopting a reductionist approach to advance acoustic deterrents in fish conservation
Authors: Holgate Amelia , White Paul R. , Leighton Timothy G. , Kemp Paul
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Deterrents that use acoustics to guide fish away from dangerous areas (e.g., water intakes) depend on the elicitation of avoidance in the target species. Background noise is often neglected when testing acoustic deterrents, but it is important to account for its effects as freshwater environments present a wide variety of ambient soundscapes.

Methods

Using the widely studied goldfish (Carassius auratus) as a suitable experimental model, this study adopted a reductionist approach to investigate the relationship between the startle response to a pure tone signal and background noise. Under laboratory conditions, the startle responses of individual goldfish exposed to 120 ms tones at 250 Hz and four Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs: 115, 125, 135, 145 dB re 1 μPa) were quantified in the presence (treatment) and absence (ambient - control) of band-limited random noise (105 dB re 1 μPa).

Results and discussion

When observing the dose-response relationship, the proportion of fish that startled to the signal increased with SPL in both the treatment and control, although there was no difference between them, suggesting that the signal-to-noise ratio was not influential under the conditions tested. However, further analysis using Signal Detection Theory indicated that the was higher in the noisy treatment than the control when responding to both false alarms (startle during a pre-signal period) and hits (startle to an external stimulus during the pre-signal period). Furthermore, fish were better able to discriminate (d?) external stimuli over time (during the pre-signal period) in the treatment than control. There is a need to consider the role of background noise when designing acoustic fish deterrents that depend on the exhibition of avoidance behaviors.
Crosstalk between ubiquitin ligases and ncRNAs drives cardiovascular disease progression
Authors: You Jia-Rui , Wen Zeng-Jin , Tian Jia-Wei , Lv Xiao-Bing , Li Rong , Li Shu-Ping , Xin Hui , Li Pei-Feng , Zhang Yin-Feng , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are multifactorial chronic diseases and have the highest rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in posttranslational modification and quality control of proteins, maintaining intracellular homeostasis via degradation of misfolded, short-lived, or nonfunctional regulatory proteins. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs, such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs and small interfering RNAs) serve as epigenetic factors and directly or indirectly participate in various physiological and pathological processes. NcRNAs that regulate ubiquitination or are regulated by the UPS are involved in the execution of target protein stability. The cross-linked relationship between the UPS, ncRNAs and CVDs has drawn researchers’ attention. Herein, we provide an update on recent developments and perspectives on how the crosstalk of the UPS and ncRNAs affects the pathological mechanisms of CVDs, particularly myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and ischemic stroke. In addition, we further envision that RNA interference or ncRNA mimics or inhibitors targeting the UPS can potentially be used as therapeutic tools and strategies.
Decidual leukocytes respond to African lineage Zika virus infection with mild anti-inflammatory changes during acute infection in rhesus macaques
Authors: Koenig Michelle R. , Vazquez Jessica , Leyva Jaimes Fernanda B. , Mitzey Ann M. , Stanic Aleksandar K. , Golos Thaddeus G.
Published: March 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV) can be vertically transmitted during pregnancy resulting in a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The decidua is commonly found to be infected by ZIKV, yet the acute immune response to infection remains understudied in vivo. We hypothesized that in vivo African-lineage ZIKV infection induces a pro-inflammatory response in the decidua. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the decidua in pregnant rhesus macaques within the first two weeks following infection with an African-lineage ZIKV and compared our findings to gestationally aged-matched controls. Decidual leukocytes were phenotypically evaluated using spectral flow cytometry, and cytokines and chemokines were measured in tissue homogenates from the decidua, placenta, and fetal membranes. The results of this study did not support our hypothesis. Although ZIKV RNA was detected in the decidual tissue samples from all ZIKV infected dams, phenotypic changes in decidual leukocytes and differences in cytokine profiles suggest that the decidua undergoes mild anti-inflammatory changes in response to that infection. Our findings emphasize the immunological state of the gravid uterus as a relatively immune privileged site that prioritizes tolerance of the fetus over mounting a pro-inflammatory response to clear infection.
cGAS: action in the nucleus
Authors: Lu Yikai , Zhao Mengmeng , Chen Li , Wang Yan , Liu Tianhao , Liu Haipeng
Published: March 2024

As a canonical cytoplasmic DNA sensor, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays a key role in innate immunity. In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that cGAS can also be located in the nucleus and plays new functions such as regulating DNA damage repair, nuclear membrane repair, chromosome fusion, DNA replication, angiogenesis and other non-canonical functions. Meanwhile, the mechanisms underlying the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and the regulation of cGAS activation have been revealed in recent years. Based on the current understanding of the structure, subcellular localization and canonical functions of cGAS, this review focuses on summarizing the mechanisms underlying nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, activity regulation and non-canonical functions of cGAS in the nucleus. We aim to provide insights into exploring the new functions of cGAS in the nucleus and advance its clinical translation.
A negative trend in abundance and an exceeded mortality limit call for conservation action for the Vulnerable Belt Sea harbour porpoise population
Authors: Owen Kylie , Gilles Anita , Authier Matthieu , Carlström Julia , Genu Mathieu , Kyhn Line Anker , Nachtsheim Dominik A. , Ramírez-Martínez Nadya C. , Siebert Ursula , Sköld Martin , Teilmann Jonas , Unger Bianca , Sveegaard Signe
Published: March 2024

The management and conservation of biodiversity relies on information on both the abundance of species and the potential impact of threats. Globally, one of the largest threats towards marine biodiversity is bycatch in fisheries. Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), EU Member States are required to assess the status of species, such as the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), in relation to their abundance and mortality due to bycatch every six years. The Vulnerable (HELCOM) Belt Sea population of harbour porpoise has been surveyed to determine its abundance six times using dedicated aerial or ship-based line-transect distance sampling surveys. Here, we estimated the first trend in population abundance over an 18 year period (2005-2022). Using the most recent abundance estimate, we computed a mortality limit applying the modified Potential Biological Removal (mPBR) method based on the regionally agreed conservation objective to restore or maintain 80% of carrying capacity over 100 years with an 80% probability. Over the past 18 years there has been a strong negative trend (-2.7% p.a.; 95% CI: -4.1%; + 1.3%) in abundance, with a 90.5% probability. The mortality limit was estimated to be 24 animals, which the current bycatch estimates (~900 porpoises/year from the commercial Danish and Swedish set net fishery fleets, with no data from Germany and other fishery types) exceed by far. The frequency and quality of data available on abundance for this population are higher than those available for the majority of marine species. Given the observed population decline and likely unsustainable levels of bycatch, the results presented here provide a strong basis to make informed, evidence-based management decisions for action for this population. Such action is needed urgently, before the dire situation of other porpoise species and populations around the globe is repeated.
Gene-expression patterns during regeneration of the multi-organ complex after evisceration in the sea cucumber Eupentacta quinquesemita
Authors: Okada Akari , Udagawa Sumio , Kohtsuka Hisanori , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Miura Toru
Published: March 2024

Many species of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) perform evisceration, i.e., ejection of internal organs including digestive tracts when responding to environmental stresses. After evisceration, they also show a high regenerative capacity, in which all the eviscerated organs regenerate. Especially in anterior evisceration species, the oral complex structure consisting of multiple organs, including the digestive tract and central nervous system, are reconstructed. The detailed developmental mechanisms underlying the process remains unclear, and therefore, in this study, focusing on Eupentacta quinquesemita, gene expression analyses in the regenerating tissues were carried out. For the formation of the gut tube, genes involved in mesenchymal-epithelial transition were upregulated consistently with the histological changes. Upregulation of Hox and Parahox genes along the anterior-posterior axis was observed, implying the involvement of these genes in the spatial differentiation of the digestive tract. In addition, the expression of otx, six and pax, i.e., transcription factors patterning anterior nervous tissues, was upregulated during the regeneration of the central nervous system. Taken together, these results suggest that conserved genes are co-opted to the internal organ regeneration after evisceration in sea cucumbers.
The collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic on homeless people in the Netherlands; a qualitative study on the impact of health and care
Authors: van Loenen Tessa , Sow Jeyna , van den Muijsenbergh Maria
Published: March 2024

Introduction

People experiencing homelessness, also in the Netherlands, experience poorer physical and mental health compared to the general population and suffer from unmet health needs that are strongly related to their unfavorable social situation. This makes them especially vulnerable to negative consequences of a public health emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study aims to provide insight into the experiences of people experiencing homelessness with the impact of the pandemic on their health and lives.

Methods

We performed semistructured interviews at 3 different times in the first 2 years of the pandemic including, respectively, 67, 55, and 53 persons. Interviews focused on their experienced mental and physical health, their experiences with the public health measures taken, and the care they received during the pandemic.

Results

In each round of interviews, the self-reported mental health was lower than before. In the last round approximately half felt mentally unhealthy. Mental health was negatively impacted due to livelihood insecurity, loss of social contact and poor accessibility to social and medical care. Twenty-four hour shelter locations with smaller dormitories had a positive impact on mental health.

Conclusion and recommendations

Most preventive measures taken during the pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of people experiencing homelessness but some improved their health. We recommend special attention to the effects on mental health when planning measures for pandemic control and we recommend to implement 24-h shelter and smaller dormitories.
Enhancing accessibility for improved diagnosis with modified EfficientNetV2-S and cyclic learning rate strategy in women with disabilities and breast cancer
Authors: Al Moteri Moteeb , Mahesh T. R. , Thakur Arastu , Vinoth Kumar V. , Khan Surbhi Bhatia , Alojail Mohammed
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer, a prevalent cancer among women worldwide, necessitates precise and prompt detection for successful treatment. While conventional histopathological examination is the benchmark, it is a lengthy process and prone to variations among different observers. Employing machine learning to automate the diagnosis of breast cancer presents a viable option, striving to improve both precision and speed. Previous studies have primarily focused on applying various machine learning and deep learning models for the classification of breast cancer images. These methodologies leverage convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and other advanced algorithms to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors from histopathological images. Current models, despite their potential, encounter obstacles related to generalizability, computational performance, and managing datasets with imbalances. Additionally, a significant number of these models do not possess the requisite transparency and interpretability, which are vital for medical diagnostic purposes. To address these limitations, our study introduces an advanced machine learning model based on EfficientNetV2. This model incorporates state-of-the-art techniques in image processing and neural network architecture, aiming to improve accuracy, efficiency, and robustness in classification. We employed the EfficientNetV2 model, fine-tuned for the specific task of breast cancer image classification. Our model underwent rigorous training and validation using the BreakHis dataset, which includes diverse histopathological images. Advanced data preprocessing, augmentation techniques, and a cyclical learning rate strategy were implemented to enhance model performance. The introduced model exhibited remarkable efficacy, attaining an accuracy rate of 99.68%, balanced precision and recall as indicated by a significant F1 score, and a considerable Cohen’s Kappa value. These indicators highlight the model’s proficiency in correctly categorizing histopathological images, surpassing current techniques in reliability and effectiveness. The research emphasizes improved accessibility, catering to individuals with disabilities and the elderly. By enhancing visual representation and interpretability, the proposed approach aims to make strides in inclusive medical image interpretation, ensuring equitable access to diagnostic information.
Anion exchange HPLC monitoring of mRNA in vitro transcription reactions to support mRNA manufacturing process development
Authors: Welbourne Emma N. , Loveday Kate A. , Nair Adithya , Nourafkan Ehsan , Qu Jixin , Cook Ken , Kis Zoltán , Dickman Mark J.
Published: March 2024

mRNA technology has recently demonstrated the ability to significantly change the timeline for developing and delivering a new vaccine from years to months. The potential of mRNA technology for rapid vaccine development has recently been highlighted by the successful development and approval of two mRNA vaccines for COVID-19. Importantly, this RNA-based approach holds promise for treatments beyond vaccines and infectious diseases, e.g., treatments for cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and autoimmune diseases. There is currently significant demand for the development of improved manufacturing processes for the production of mRNA therapeutics in an effort to increase their yield and quality. The development of suitable analytical methods for the analysis of mRNA therapeutics is critical to underpin manufacturing development and the characterisation of the drug product and drug substance. In this study we have developed a high-throughput, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) workflow for the rapid analysis of mRNA generated using in vitro transcription (IVT). We have optimised anion exchange (AEX) HPLC for the analysis of mRNA directly from IVT. Chromatography was performed in under 6 min enabling separation of all of the key components in the IVT, including nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs), Cap analogue, plasmid DNA and mRNA product. Moreover, baseline separation of the NTPs was achieved, which facilitates accurate quantification of each NTP such that their consumption may be determined during IVT reactions. Furthermore, the HPLC method was used to rapidly assess the purification of the mRNA product, including removal of NTPs/Cap analogue and other contaminants after downstream purification, including solid phase extraction (SPE), oligo deoxythymidine (oligo-dT) affinity chromatography and tangential flow filtration (TFF). Using the developed method excellent precision was obtained with calibration curves for an external mRNA standard and NTPs giving correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 1.0 respectively. Intra- and inter-day studies on retention time stability of NTPs, showed a relative standard deviation ≤ 0.3% and ≤1.5% respectively. The mRNA retention time variability was ≤0.13%. This method was then utilised to monitor the progress of an IVT reaction for the production of Covid spike protein (C-Spike) mRNA to measure the increasing yield of mRNA alongside the consumption of NTPs during the reaction.
The effects of football juggling learning on executive function and brain functional connectivity
Authors: Dong Xiaoxiao , Gui Xiang , Klich Sebastian , Zhu Lina , Chen Dandan , Sun Zhiyuan , Shi Yifan , Chen Aiguo
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to explore the relationship between motor skill learning and executive function (EF), with an emphasis on the potential effects of football juggling learning. A randomized controlled trial involving 111 participants aged 17–19 years was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to either the football juggling learning (FJL) group or a control group. The FJL group underwent 70 sessions of football juggling learning, while the control group engaged in their normal daily activities without any exercise intervention during the same time frame. Both groups were assessed for EF performance and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans before and after the experiment. The executive function test included three tasks, namely, inhibition, working memory, and shifting. The results showed significant improvement in inhibition and shifting in both groups, and the FJL group showed greater improvement in these aspects of EF compared to the control group. Additionally, in comparison to the control group, the FJL group exhibited increased functional connectivity within the frontal, temporal, and cerebellar regions from the pre-test to the post-test. Notably, enhanced functional connectivity between the right superior temporal gyrus (posterior division) and left cerebellum 6 was identified in the FJL group and was associated with improved EF performance induced by football juggling learning. These findings shed light on the potential causal relationship between motor skill learning, EF, and brain plasticity. Importantly, our study provides preliminary evidence supporting the use of motor skill learning, such as football juggling, as a potential avenue for cognitive enhancement.
Coherent activity within and between hemispheres: cortico-cortical connectivity revealed by rTMS of the right posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Mazzi Chiara , Mele Sonia , Bagattini Chiara , Sanchez-Lopez Javier , Savazzi Silvia
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Low frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) applied over right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC) has been shown to reduce cortical excitability both of the stimulated area and of the interconnected contralateral homologous areas. In the present study, we investigated the whole pattern of intra- and inter-hemispheric cortico-cortical connectivity changes induced by rTMS over rPPC.

Methods

To do so, 14 healthy participants underwent resting state EEG recording before and after 30 min of rTMS at 1 Hz or sham stimulation over the rPPC (electrode position P6). Real stimulation was applied at 90% of motor threshold. Coherence values were computed on the electrodes nearby the stimulated site (i.e., P4, P8, and CP6) considering all possible inter- and intra-hemispheric combinations for the following frequency bands: delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12Hz), low beta (12–20 Hz), high beta (20–30 Hz), and gamma (30–50 Hz).

Results and discussion

Results revealed a significant increase in coherence in delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands between rPPC and the contralateral homologous sites. Moreover, an increase in coherence in theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands was found between rPPC and right frontal sites, reflecting the activation of the fronto-parietal network within the right hemisphere. Summarizing, subthreshold rTMS over rPPC revealed cortico-cortical inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity as measured by the increase in coherence among these areas. Moreover, the present results further confirm previous evidence indicating that the increase of coherence values is related to intra- and inter-hemispheric inhibitory effects of rTMS. These results can have implications for devising evidence-based rehabilitation protocols after stroke.
Bactericidal efficacy of plasma-activated water against Vibrio parahaemolyticus on Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Zhang Huanlan , Wei Jie , Xv Hongjie , Khan Imran , Sun Qinxiu , Zhao Xihong , Gao Jialong , Liu Shucheng , Wei Shuai
Published: March 2024

In this study, the antimicrobial mechanism of plasma-activated water (PAW) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the effectiveness of PAW in artificially contaminated Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. The results demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in viable counts of V. parahaemolyticus with increasing plasma discharge time (5, 10, 20, and 30 min) and PAW immersion time (3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 s). Specifically, the count of V. parahaemolyticus decreased by 2.1, 2.7, 3.3, and 4.4 log CFU/mL after exposed to PAW 5, PAW 10, PAW 20, and PAW 30 for 30 s, respectively. Significant cell surface wrinkling, accompanied by notable nucleic acid and protein leakage were observed after treatment with PAW. The permeability of the inner and outer cell membranes was significantly increased (p < 0.05), along with an increase in electrical conductivity (p < 0.05). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) within V. parahaemolyticus cells were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the relative expression of the ompW, emrD, and luxS genes were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). A reduction number of 1.3, 1.8, 2.1, and 2.2 log CFU/g of V. parahaemolyticus in artificially contaminated L. vannamei was obtained with PAW for 5 min. The study elucidated that PAW could destroy cell membranes, leading to cell death. The findings would strengthen strategies for V. parahaemolyticus control and provide a potential application of PAW for preserving aquatic products.