bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QSAR tool for optimization of nitrobenzamide pharmacophore for antitubercular activity
Authors:   AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Asgaonkar K.D. , Patil S.M. ,   AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Chitre T.S. ,   AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Wani S.D. ,   AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Singh M.T. ,   AISSMS College of Pharmacy
Published: April 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), especially due to the development of resistant strains and its co-infections in HIV. Quantitative-structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies aid rapid drug discovery. In this work, 2D and 3D QSAR studies were carried out on a series of nitrobenzamide derivatives to design newer analogues for antitubercular activity. 2D QSAR was performed using MLR on a data set showing antitubercular activity. The 3D-QSAR studies were performed by kNN–MFA using simulated annealing variable selection method. Alignment of given set of molecules was carried out by the template-based alignment method and then was used to build the 3D-QSAR model. Robustness and predictive ability of the models were evaluated by using various traditional validating parameters. Different physiochemical, alignment-based, topological, electrostatic, and steric descriptors were generated, which indicated the key structural requirements for optimizing the pharmacophore for better antitubercular activity. For 2D QSAR, the best statistical model was generated using SA-MLR method (r2 = 0.892, q2 = 0.819) while 3D QSAR model was derived using the SA KNN method (q2 = 0.722). The positively contributing descriptors can be incorporated to design new chemical entities for future study.
Isolation and in silico SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibition potential of chrysoeriol from Chondrilla brevirostris Fisch. & C.A. Mey.
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Jalmakhanbetova R.I. ,   Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Suleimen Ye.M. ,   Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Abe N. ,   Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Oyama M. ,   Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Metwaly A.M. ,   Al-Azhar University, Eissa I.H. ,   Al-Azhar University, Ishmuratova M.Yu. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov,, Ibatayev Zh.A. ,   Republican Collection of Microorganisms,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agricultural Technical University
Published: April 2022

The genus Chondrilla L. comprises 22 species on the CIS territory. 16 species of them grow in Kazakhstan. All species of the genus Chondrilla L. are rubber-bearing herbaceous plants that belong to the Asteraceae family. We picked Chondrilla brevirostris Fisch. & C.A. Mey. for the chemical study. It is a perennial herb that grows in desert steppes and forest meadows. The aboveground parts of Ch. brevirostris were extracted with ethanol at room temperature. Several fractions were obtained by separating ethanol extract on column chromatography. Rechromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography were used to further study the obtained fractions and the isolation of flavonoids. As a result of preparative thin-layer chromatography, the flavonoid 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone (compound 1) was isolated. The chemical structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic data. Compound 1 was isolated for the first time from the species of Chondrilla. Compound 1 was subjected to a molecular docking study against COVID–19 main protease (Mpro) to investigate its expected activity against SARS-CoV-2. In this case, the substance showed a good binding mode with a free energy of –6.22 kcal/mol, while the binding energy of the co-crystallized ligand was –7.83 kcal/mol
Study of thermal stability and determination of effective activation energy values during degradation of unsaturated polyester copolymers in the air atmosphere
Authors:   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Sarsenbekova A.Zh. , Bolatbay A.N. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Morgun V.V. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Havlicek D. ,   Charles University, Davrenbekov S.Zh. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Nasikhatuly E. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov
Published: April 2022

The study of the kinetic parameters of copolymers based on polyethylene glycol fumarates, as well as the external and internal effects on them, is essential for production processes at various levels. This will solve a whole range of issues in the field of the shelf life of materials and storage conditions. All these point to the relevance of this research. The authors of the research attempt to test the most common thermogravimetric data processing methods and to improve them in terms of the quality of the predictive capabilities of the resulting regression equation. Both of them are important for the production of initial components and the manufacture of the final product from the studied materials. Therefore, the study and further use of the numerical data of the TG/DTA curves applies to both theoretical and practical branches of science. Thus, summarizing the experimental data on the thermal stability studies, we assume that p-EGF: AA copolymers with compositions of 21.03:78.97 and 68.96:31.04 wt.% have a relatively high degree of resistance to heating. It was found that the calculation by the FR method agreed well with the results of the KAS method. It should be noted that for the p-EGF: AA copolymer (21.03:78.97 wt.%) at heating rates of 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 °С∙min–1, the average activation energy data obtained for two methods increase in the following series:KAS E = 187.34 kJ /mol <FR E = 200.17 kJ/mol.
Assessing polyacrylamide solution chemical stability during a polymer flood in the Kalamkas field, Western Kazakhstan
Authors:   Satbayev University, Sagyndikov M.S. ,   KMG Engineering LLP, Salimgarayev I.I. ,   KMG Engineering LLP, Ogay E.K. ,   KMG Engineering LLP, Seright R.S. ,   New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Kudaibergenov S.E. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology
Published: April 2022

During a polymer flood, the field operator must be convinced that significant chemical investment is not compromised at the early stages of polymer injection. Further, dissolved oxygen in the viscous polymer solution must be controlled at a safe level, where viscosity loss will be insignificant. Under anaerobic conditions,the hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution is stable even if iron ions are present in the process water. Thus, in the field operation, introduced oxygen and existing iron ions will cause an enormous viscosity decline. The geochemical calculation reveals that dissolved oxygen can rapidly deplete after entering Kalamkas formation. This paper confirms this prediction through a combination of laboratory measurements and field observations. This study is based on rheology measurements of polymer solutions and produced fluid from the offset production well associated with the Kalamkas oilfield in Western Kazakhstan. Comprehensive analysis confirms no viscosity loss at the surface facilities during polymer preparation and injection at a Pol- ymer Slicing Unit and significant viscosity loss at an Eductor-type unit caused by oxygen introduced during polymer solution preparation. However, even introduced high dissolved oxygen levels that degrade polymer at the surface can be rapidly depleted during contact with the formation, thereby promoting polymer chemical stability in the reservoir.
Evaluation of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic potentials of microalgae
Authors: Kahraman Ilıkkan Özge , Bağdat Elif Şeyma , Yalçın Dilek
Published: April 2022

Microalgae can be considered an alternative food ingredient thanks to their nutritional composition and bioactive molecules. Microalgae are considered a rich source of sulfated and non-sulfated polysaccharides, and certain types of polysaccharides vary depending on their taxonomic groups. It is thought that valuable bioactive compounds possessed by algae biomass can increase the vitality of probiotic bacteria by stimulating their growth and being a good source for lactic acid production. Probiotics are defined as living, microbial dietary supplements that beneficially affect the human organism with their effects on the intestinal tract when they are consumed adequately. Prebiotics are indigestible or poorly digested food ingredients that stimulate the growth or activity of probiotic bacteria. Synbiotic is a term that expresses the union of probiotics and prebiotics to exert health benefits on humans. Spirulina and Chlorella are good sources of protein and polysaccharides or oligosaccharides that have been suggested as potential prebiotic candidates. These microalgae are thought to have a stimulating effect on the growth of probiotic bacteria. In this study, synbiotic efficacy and prebiotic activity of microalgae on probiotic microorganisms will be discussed and their potential in this area will be revealed.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL MARKETING ABOUT COVID-19 PREVENTIVE MEASURES- AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Das Priyo
Published: April 2022

Social Marketing plays an important role in bringing change in society for good if perform well and the cases of COVID-19 is still being reported in India more specifically in West Bengal. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to find out the important variables that will help companies to increase the efficiency of social marketing campaigns. For achieving this objective this study adopted empirical research and it is concerned with providing practical implication without any variable manipulation it used descriptive cross-sectional research design. For the purpose data collection convenience sampling technique was utilized and data collected using an interval scale. For analysis of collected data, first a reliability analysis of the data collection instrument was conducted with 54 respondents, and it gave the value of 0.92 which is good. After that for reaching out to conclusion Structural Equation Modeling was utilized first measurement model conducted for checking the model fit and after determining the model fit based on several fit indices such as CMIN/df, GFI, CFI, and RMSEA 2.08, 9.1, 9.3, 0.62 respectively and lastly structural model was checked to see the direction of the study and to check the proposed hypotheses. The results and recommendations based on recommendation was completely based on statistics and shows very interesting practical implications.
WOMEN TRAVEL WRITINGS: A JOURNEY OF SYMBOLISM
Authors: Kalwani Shilpi
Published: April 2022

In the past few decades, travel has become a means of exploration, knowledge, and lifestyle. With such an increase in interest towards tourism, why are women travel writings not being acknowledged? This study is one of the earliest attempts to conceptually explore the multidimensional domain of women travel writings. The purpose of this study is to conceptually understand the journey of women travel writers from around the world over time, and the reasons for their limited presence in this genre. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to explore various facets of women travel writers. The findings suggest a strong influence of gender stereotypes, government policies, cultural barriers, imagery, and symbolism as substantial factors affecting women travel writings. The study is one of a kind to investigate the multifaceted genre of women travel writings chronologically and geographically.
SPHENOID BONE DYSPLASIA-A CASE OF UNRESOLVED HEADACHE IN PRIMARY CARE
Authors: Said Abdul Hadi , Syarizan Tg Putri
Published: April 2022

Headache is a very common presenting symptom in patients seeking treatment in primary care. Although most of it is primary headache, physicians may easily miss the diagnosis of secondary headache. Therefore, we need to equip ourselves with adequate knowledge together with a good and thorough physical examination to avoid missing a diagnosis of secondary headache. In addition to that, for a patient presenting with chronic headache, it is very important for us to always review our diagnosis and our management. We reported a case of sphenoid bone fibrous dysplasia who presented with severe recurrent headache despite being given treatment, analgesics and even propranolol for migraine. Fibrous dysplasia accounts for approximately 5 to 7 percent of benign bone tumours. He presented to the primary care clinic multiple times before the imaging was ordered. Subsequent MRI showed fibrous dysplasia of the right lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. After the surgery, the headache improved as well as his quality of life.
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS FOR THE COVID-19 VACCINATION AT THE WORK AREA OF BATANG KUIS PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, INDONESIA
Authors: Pratama Muchti Yuda , Yustina Ida , Sudaryati Etti , Nurmaini
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In Indonesia, the prevalence of COVID-19 is getting higher, North Sumatera Province ranks the 12th most COVID-19 cases in Indonesia with a total of 33.762 cases. WHO encourages countries to develop COVID-19 vaccine. However, currently many people have not been engaged in implementing the COVID-19 vaccination. Based on data, the achievement of vaccination in Indonesia is only 13,5%. Of the preliminary survey found that only 38,5% of people aged 18 years old and more had COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: The research method was a quantitative study with a cross sectional research design. The sample was 114 respondents that were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected through interview by using a questionnaire and data was analyzed using by logistic regression approach. Result: The percentage of COVID-19 vaccination was still low. Factors that related to community engagement for COVID-19 vaccination were age, knowledge, education level, occupation, and marital status. From the results of the logistic regression test, it was found that knowledge and education level were contributed to community engagement for the COVID-19 vaccination (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The percentage of COVID-19 vaccination in the community was still low and this was related to education and knowledge. Therefore, health promotion regarding COVID-19 prevention and the vaccination is necessary, and should be intensified to improve knowledge and practice of community.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 TO THE MENTAL HEALTH OF HOUSEWIVES AND THE ADAPTATION PROCESS FROM A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ping Maria Floriana , Natalia Elfina , Hurai Rufina
Published: April 2022

Background: The existence of lockdown regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the psychological pressure of housewives. Their role becomes more extensive as they have to be a teacher for their children and also have to get over the economic problems. Housewives are required to adapt by using appropriate coping strategies so that they do not undergo stress problem and remain mentally healthy. This study aims to describe the mental health and coping strategies of housewives in Sungai Bawang Culture village and analyze the adaptation process from the cultural perspective of the Dayak Kenyah tribe. Methods: This study was a descriptive study using standard instruments such as the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire to measure stress levels and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire to describe the coping strategies used. Structured interviews were conducted by researchers to find cultural perspectives that affect the adaptation process. Results: The results showed that the majority of housewives in Sungai Bawang culture village used problem focus coping strategies and the majority did not experience stress. Researchers also obtained data on the existence of cultural links that support the use of these coping strategies. Conclusion: Although the strategy used was focused on the problems. Further studies are necessary to find solutions to overcome these problems or find solutions to reduce the impact of the problems.
Combined petrosal approach for a huge retroclival meningioma preserving the cranial nerves
Authors: Shin Dong-Won , Hong Chang-Ki
Published: April 2022

Surgery for petroclival meningioma is challenging because cranial nerve preservation during tumor removal can be very complex. For small- to medium-sized tumors, the anatomical relationship between tumor and neurovascular structures can be assessed before surgery. However, in large tumors, cranial nerves usually cannot be seen in preoperative images. The authors present a case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with gait disturbance and hearing loss and was diagnosed with huge retroclival meningioma involving the cavernous sinus, Meckel’s cave, and internal acoustic meatus. In this video, they explain the radiographical, anatomical, and surgical considerations and demonstrate the surgical technique.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.1.FOCVID21221
L5–S1 nonunion occurrence even after anterior column support combined with iliac screw fixation in long fusion for adult spinal deformity: CT-based analysis at 2-year follow-up
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Lee Chong-Suh , Park Jin-Sung , Yum Tae-Hoon , Shin Tae Soo , Chang Ji-Woo , Lee Keun-Ho
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

Iliac screw fixation and anterior column support are highly recommended to prevent lumbosacral pseudarthrosis after long-level adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Despite modern instrumentation techniques, a considerable number of patients still experience nonunion at the lumbosacral junction. However, most previous studies evaluating nonunion relied only on plain radiographs and only assessed when the implant failures occurred. Therefore, using CT, it is important to know the prevalence after iliac fixation and to evaluate risk factors for nonunion at L5–S1.

METHODS

Seventy-seven patients who underwent ≥ 4-level fusion to the sacrum using iliac screws for ASD and completed a 2-year postoperative CT scan were included in the present study. All L5–S1 segments were treated by interbody fusion. Lumbosacral fusion status was evaluated on 2-year postoperative CT scans using Brantigan, Steffee, and Fraser criteria. Risk factors for nonunion were analyzed using patient, surgical, and radiographic factors. The metal failure and its association with fusion status at L5–S1 were evaluated.

RESULTS

Of the 77 patients, 12 (15.6%) showed nonunion at the lumbosacral junction on the 2-year CT scans. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression revealed that only higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade was a risk factor for nonunion (OR 25.6, 95% CI 3.196–205.048, p = 0.002). There were no radiographic parameters associated with fusion status at L5–S1. Lumbosacral junction rod fracture occurred more frequently in patients with nonunion than in patients with fusion (33.3% vs 6.2%, p = 0.038).

CONCLUSIONS

Although iliac screw fixation and anterior column support have been performed to prevent lumbosacral nonunion during ASD surgery, 15.6% of patients still showed nonunion on 2-year postoperative CT scans. High ASA grade was a significant risk factor for nonunion. Rod fracture between L5 and S1 occurred more frequently in the nonunion group.
Ambiguous Cerebral Amyloidosis
Authors: Dennison J.V. , Philip J.T. , Leyva A. , Cibulas A.T. , Schroff S.M. , Dodson S.C. , Beegle R.D.
Published: April 2022

Cerebral amyloid, also known as amyloid-related diseases of the CNS, is a heterogenous group of chronic, progressive disorders in which abnormal amyloid protein accumulates in the brain. Subtypes of cerebral amyloid include Alzheimer disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, inflammatory
cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and amyloidoma. Abnormal amyloid accumulation often leads to adverse events within the CNS. Cerebral amyloid can present with multiple distinct imaging appearances that often overlap with several other CNS pathologies, which ultimately makes an accurate diagnosis
a challenge. In this article, we discuss the various imaging patterns seen in cerebral amyloid. In addition, we review the differential diagnoses and highlight the radiologic features that aid in distinction.Learning Objective: Become familiar with the multiple subtypes of cerebral amyloidosis,
also known as amyloid-related diseases of the CNS, and their imaging manifestations, and be able to differentiate these subtypes from common mimickers.
More Than Meets the Eye: Additional Insights on Trajectory Analysis in Penetrating Spine Trauma
Authors: Ortiz A.O. , Patel R.R. , Riascos R.F. , Castillo M. , Hochsztein J. , Sacchi R. , Khanpara S.
Published: April 2022

Penetrating spine trauma presents a major challenge to clinical management. By using standard and cross-sectional imaging modalities, radiologists should be able to perform a trajectory analysis of the penetrating object and identify the path of injury as well as those structures that
were injured along that path. Toward this end, we conducted a multi-institutional retrospective review of 23 patients who had penetrating spine trauma due to either a gunshot or stab wound and who, subsequently, underwent cross-sectional imaging with CT and/or MR imaging. Two patterns of imaging
findings were associated with the penetrating spine trauma. Assault-related gunshot wounds accounted for most of penetrating spine trauma (83%) and were frequently associated with spinal cord injuries, and tended to be associated with other visceral and/or vascular injuries. Stabbing injuries,
although less common (17%), were associated with focal spinal cord injuries and with fewer extraspinal injuries. These imaging finding patterns may assist in the evaluation of the imaging examinations, with implications for the extent of injury and prognosis for neurologic recovery, and, when
necessary, can contribute to forensic analysis.Learning Objective: To identify the imaging findings and understand the value of trajectory analysis and its implications in projectile- and nonprojectile-penetrating spine trauma.
Pictorial Review of Calcified Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuroaxis and Other Calcified Intracranial Lesions
Authors: Zelaya R. , Atkinson C.J.
Published: April 2022

Neuroimaging is an essential tool in characterizing calcified intracranial lesions. This article outlines a pictorial review of different calcified lesions of the neuroaxis with discussion of distinguishing radiologic features and clinical and histologic characteristics. There will
be an emphasis on the uncommon histologic entity known as calcified pseudoneoplasm of the neuroaxis (CAPNON), a non-neoplastic lesion that is sometimes mistaken for the more common neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. It is essential for radiologists to identify key distinguishing imaging
features of various calcified intracranial lesions to narrow diagnostic considerations and collaborate with management decisions.Learning Objective: To offer a review of the uncommon histologic entity called calcified pseudoneoplasm of the neuroaxis (CAPNON) and to provide a differential
diagnosis and several sample cases of other calcified lesions of the neuroaxis to help the reader differentiate and distinguish CAPNON from more common neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions
Complex Chiari Malformation: What the Neurosurgeon Needs to Know
Authors: Papachristou M.D. , Ward R.E. , Agarwal V. , Branstetter B.F.
Published: April 2022

Chiari malformation type 1 is a frequently encountered but incompletely understood morphologic variant that may present with headache and lower cranial nerve symptoms. The main surgical treatment for Chiari malformation type 1 is suboccipital decompression. Further research has identified
a subset of patients with Chiari malformation type 1 with radiographic findings that predispose to suboptimal outcomes from suboccipital decompression alone. This disease process has come to be referred to as complex Chiari malformation. Here, we discuss imaging findings of complex Chiari
malformation, identify craniovertebral metrics used to stratify patients, and propose a reporting structure to assist our neurosurgical colleagues in the selection of appropriate treatment.Learning Objective: To understand imaging findings and radiographic metrics associated with Complex
Chiari malformation and their implication on surgical management
O oblubieńczym i rodzicielskim sensie ludzkiego ciała
Authors: Kupczak Jarosław
Published: April 2022

Charakterystyczny dla współczesnej kultury dualizm antropologiczny, który rozdziela człowieka na dwie różne sfery: materialną i duchową, uniemożliwia rozmowę na fundamentalne dla współczesności tematy, dotyczące ciała, płci, seksualności. W swojej filozoficznej i teologicznej antropologii Jan Paweł II zmierzył się z tym błędem, tworząc pojęcie sensu ciała, oblubieńczego i rodzicielskiego. Artykuł jest próbą zastosowania tego pojęcia, kluczowego dla tzw. „teologii ciała” Jana Pawła II, do krytycznej refleksji na temat rozszerzonego rozumienia ojcostwa i macierzyństwa, zrywającego więź pomiędzy biologicznym pochodzeniem dziecka i emocjonalną, realną więzią z rodzicami.
L’accompagnement pastoral des couples et des familles. La perspective du ministère paroissial
Authors: Amherdt François-Xavier
Published: April 2022

À l’heure où le nombre de mariage sacramentels diminue drastiquement, il convient d’offrir à nouveaux frais la Bonne Nouvelle de l’amour pour toujours. La contribution détaille la perspective de ce ministère auprès des conjoints selon les cinq étapes de toute pastorale sacramentelle : proposer abondamment, accueillir sans réserve, favoriser une progression, célébrer dans la beauté et accompagner le suivi mystagogique.
Phytosomes: System for Delivering Bioactive Plant Extracts and Phytoconstituents
Authors: Singla Chhavi , Vishal
Published: April 2022

Due to low lipid solubility and molecular size, herbal remedies with a high concentration of active components exhibit excellent bioactivity in vitro but modest bioactivity in vivo. As a consequence, the herbal extract’s active ingredients are poorly absorbed and accessible. Phytosomes are phyto-phospholipid complex vesicles that may improve the bioavailability of herbal extracts and phytoconstituents in pharmaceuticals. Phytosomes are sophisticated herbal formulations that comprise the bioactive phytoconstituents of herbal extracts and may alter the cell membrane from a hydrophilic to a lipophilic state, resulting in a more effective pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile than typical herbal extracts. Suspensions, tablets, lotions, and gels are just a few of the options. The goal of this article is to provide complete research on phytosomes as a prospective drug delivery mechanism by discussing current breakthroughs in phytosomes as well as their utilization in various standardized herbal extracts.
Understanding the Anti-Hypertensive Potentials of Natural Resources
Authors: Shende Vaibhav
Published: April 2022

Hypertension is a major health problem that may progress to additional heart and circulatory problems. The two most frequent types of hypertension are primary or essential hypertension and secondary hypertension. Hypertension is a prevalent component of coronary heart disease, stroke, and renal vascular disease. Herbal remedies have been used for millions of years to treat and cure hypertension with fewer adverse effects. The overall purpose of this study is to collect data on the anti-hypertensive advantages of natural herbs in animal research and human involvement, as well as to recreate the underlying mechanisms, beginning with cell culture and ex vivo tissue data. According to the World Health Organization, natural herbs/shrubs are increasingly being used to treat almost all human ailments (WHO). Plants are used as immune boosters to increase the body’s natural capacity to tackle numerous health concerns, as well as herbal drugs and diet. Natural plant treatments are used by 80 percent of the world’s population (about 5.6 billion people) for significant health conditions. The historic use, phytochemical components, and pharmacological qualities of medicinal plants used to regulate hypertension are the topic of this research.
Herbal Anti-Tuberculosis Medicaments: Highlighting New Advances in Therapeutics
Authors: Das Saptarshi
Published: April 2022

The bacterial illness tuberculosis (TB) is very hazardous. The condition is very contagious, and it is often transmitted from person to person by inhalation of bacteria-carrying air droplets. TB is a disease that mostly affects the lungs, but it may affect other organs as well. It has resulted in an increase in the number of orphans due to parental deaths, which is now estimated to be 10 million, with maternal mortality accounting for 6% -15% of the total, or 15% -34 percent if only indirect effects are included. A clinical technique is used to test for tuberculosis, which checks for present cough, sputum intake, fever, weight loss, and night sweats. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to find new, critically needed anti-TB medications from natural sources. In such a complex condition, using allopathic pharmaceuticals leads to more significant consequences like cross-resistance, while natural treatments have been shown to be more beneficial in this case. The research of novel medicines for the successful weakening of the unstable sickness connected with tuberculosis is the most important requirement.
Aquasomes Nanocarriers for Delivery of Small Molecules
Authors: Kallingal Anoop , Suresh Akshay Maniyeri
Published: April 2022

Aquasomes are nanobiopharmaceutical carrier devices having a polyhydroxyl oligomeric layer surrounding them and a nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond particle core. Aquasomes are spherical spheres with a diameter of 60-300 nanometers that are used to deliver medications and antigens. Because of qualities such as protection and preservation of delicate biological molecules, conformational integrity, and surface exposure, it was an excellent carrier mechanism delivering bioactive molecules such as peptides, proteins, hormones, antigens, and genes to specific sites. The most common core materials used to manufacture aquasomes are tin oxide, nanocrystalline carbon ceramics (diamonds), and brushite (calcium phosphate dihydrate). Calcium phosphate is the focus of attention due to its natural function in the body. Brushite is an acidic mineral that converts into hydroxyapatite after being stored for a long time. As a consequence, hydroxyapatite seems to be a more powerful centre for aquasome preparation. It’s often used in the design of drug-delivery implants. A putative artificial oxygen-carrying mechanism has been found as hemoglobin-loaded aquasomes with a hydroxyapatite core. Because of their structural integrity, aquasomes have been employed as red blood cell substitutes, vaccines for delivering viral antigen (Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus) to elicit appropriate antibodies, and a targeted technique for intracellular gene therapy. Due to their enzyme activity and responsiveness to molecular conformation, aquasomes were created as a new carrier for enzymes such as DNAses and pigment/dyes. The challenges of retaining the conformational integrity and biochemical functioning of immobilised surface pairs, as well as the integration of these principles into a single functional composition, are described in this article.
TESTING OF MAIZE HYBRIDS OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Bukovinian State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS, Zaplitnyi Ya. D. , Kozak H. V. ,   Bukovinian State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS, Mikuliak I. S. ,   Bukovinian State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS, Linskaia M. I. ,   Bukovinian State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS, Karp T. Ya. ,   Bukovinian State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS, Bodenko N. A. ,   State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS
Published: April 2022

The research results of maize hybrids of different maturity groups (FAO 199–399) during 2018–2020 in the conditions of the South-Western part of the Forest- Steppe of Ukraine are presented. 54 domestic registered and perspective hybrids of selection of various research institutions of Ukraine (SE Institute of Grain Crops NAAS, Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS, Selection and Genetics Institu-te – National Center for Seed Production and Variety Studying, National Research Center Institute of Agriculture of NAAS, Bukovynian State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS) were studied. The planting density of early ripening hybrids was 70, mid-early ripening – 60, mid-ripening – 50 thousand plants/ha. Plants were evaluated for uniformity, resistance to stem breakage below the productive ear, the damage degree by boil smut, resistance to root lodging and general condition were determined. All maize hybrids were characterized by high rating (8–9 points) on these traits. Over the years of research, the mid-early hybrids were more productive in the conditions of Bukovyna (9.06 t/ha), the mid-ripening hybrids - the least adapted to these conditions – (8.62 t/ha). The best samples with high grain yield and low grain moisture content at harvest were identified. On average for three years, DB Lada (9.64 t/ha) and DN Synevyr (9.43 t/ha) had the highest grain yield among the early-ripening hybrids, and DB Varta (10.81 t/ha), DB Khotyn (9.96 t/ha), and Kitsmanskyi 215 SV (9.61 t/ha) – among the middle-early one. It was found that DN Synevyr and DB Lada early-ripening hybrids and Kitsmanskyi 215 SV, DB Kho-tyn, DB Varta mid-early hybrids significantly exceeded the standards each year. In view of this, the hybrids of these maturity groups merit attention in the conditions of the South-Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Key words: hybrids, maize, selection, yield, harvesting moisture content, maturity group, lodging resistance.
Methodical features of sugar content determination in sweet maize selection
Authors:   State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, Satarova T. M. , Denisyuk K. V. ,   State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, Klimova O. E. ,   State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS
Published: April 2022

A currently important task for the evaluation of breeding samples at all stages of the sweet maize selection is to control the sugar content in the sweet maize grain of technical maturity. The methodical features of the sugar content determination in the sweet maize grain using the example of the inbred line CE401 and hybrid F2(CE401 × Chornosteblova) were investigated. We compared the content of total sugar, monosaccharides and disaccharides in the grain on the twenty-first day after self-pollination (21 DAP), on the day of sampling and after storage of the same ears at subzero temperature. It was found that after storage of ears for 4.5 months at a temperature of –12 0C, total sugar content in grain of CE401 increased by 97.7 % and reached 46.84 % by mass of absolutely dry matter (ADM), and for F2(CE401 × Chornosteblova) – by 61.7 % and reached 15.93 %. Accordingly, the contents of mono- and disaccharides as components of total sugar content increased, although this increase in F2 (CE401× Chornosteblova) was very uneven for individual ears. Intact grains of the CE401 line contained 2.55 times more monosaccharides and 2.27 times more disaccharides compared to the F2 hybrid (CE401 × Chornosteblova). After keeping the ears at –12 ºC for 4.5 months, the share of total sugar content in ADM of the CE401B line grain exceeded the similar value of the F2 hybrid (CE401 × Chornosteblova) by 2.94 times, monosaccharides by 3.54 times, and disaccharides by 2.54 times. The degree of such increase depends on the genotype of the initial breeding material. For the sweet maize selection, it is recommended to determine the total sugar content and its fractions on the day of sampling, and to refuse the common practice to store of grain samples at subzero temperature before analysis. Key words: Zea mays L., grain in technical maturity, total sugar content, mono- and disaccharide contents, determination procedure, grain storage under subzero temperature
Educating in values with teaching innovation tools
Authors: Parra Rodriguez Carmen , Cruz López Yolanda
Published: April 2022

Audiovisual media provide a didactic resource in the teaching of literature and report valuable results by quickly and effectively capturing the attention of students. However, neither in the academic world nor in everyday life, the manifest and deep attraction that the public feels for audiovisual media, as well as the interest that teachers may have when using them, are directly proportional to the existence of adequate audiovisual teaching material, nor to its quality. The main objective of this work is to know the possibilities of the audiovisual applied to the formation and teaching of values, being this the main transmitter of information, knowledge and ideology in the Information Society in whose bosom we relate and develop.
COVID-19 and Homelessness: Response of South African Municipalities during First Wave of the Pandemic
Authors: Precious Nzimande Ntombifuthi
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus is a quintessentially urban pandemic that wreaked havoc in all social settings, from villages to cities. Homelessness can create an ideal environment for the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 within this vulnerable group. The current pandemic has exposed the inaccessibility of healthcare services by those experiencing homelessness. As such, this paper uses an event methodology to examine how (1) local municipalities have responded to homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) the extent of the involvement of civil society groups across Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg. It also compares each city's policy frameworks and strategies to identify the challenges and successes experienced. Findings suggest that although a cookie-cutter technique does not exist for addressing homelessness during the current pandemic, there are valuable lessons to be learnt such as the use of public-private partnerships with shared responsibility. It is hoped that through the findings of this research, future local, provincial and national homelessness housing policy could avoid the barriers that will arise in addressing homelessness.
“Land Expropriation without Compensation:” Populist Political Charade and Electioneering Slogan in South Africa’s 2019 National Elections
Authors: Piet Sebola Mokoko
Published: April 2022

Land expropriation without compensation in South Africa has dominated the political landscape for the 2019 national elections. The African National Congress (ANC), as the ruling party, jumped onto the radical land policy bandwagon devoid of pragmatism, whilst being aware of the complexities attended to the implementation of such a policy framework. Whereas the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) was radical and populist in its approach, the ANC merely exploited “land expropriation without compensation” in order to arrest electoral underperformance. This paper argues that the ANC’s adoption of this electioneering stance was an absurd charade that sought to create a respectable appearance as a former liberation movement that reserved ownership of the Freedom Charter and the National Democratic Revolution (NDR). Inevitably, there was controversy surrounding political electioneering plagiarism between the ANC and the EFF, which was not surprising because the latter’s leadership was schooled within the former’s ideology. The EFF could afford to be reckless in its land policy whilst the ANC had to be moderate and sensible in order to preserve food security and the economy. This paper demonstrates that the radical land policy appears to have increased the EFF’s share of national votes in May 2019 whilst the ANC continued to experience a downward spiral of its electoral performance, with its national votes count dropping below 58%. The paper argues that the ANC took notice of this historical trend of electoral underperformance and usurped the EFF’s radical land policy for 2019 campaign, only to revert back to its moderate approach when confronted with the requirement for constitutional amendments. Using a literary analysis approach, the paper demonstrates that the ANC’s 2019 electioneering platform was a political charade that papered over the years of the governing party’s failure to achieve respectable land reform. The paper concludes that the ANC’s drop to below 47% in the national vote count during the November 01, 2021 local government elections is the clearest evidence that its fiddling with the EFF political agenda will not arrest its trend of electoral underperformance.
Contribution of Heifer International Programme to Smallholder Households’ Livelihoods in Mberengwa District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chidembo Ranganai , Kilonzo Beata , Zuwarimwe Jethro , Kativhu Simbarashe
Published: April 2022

Food security, poverty and hunger are some of the 21st century global challenges. An estimated 1.2 billion people live in poverty, and most are in sub-Saharan Africa. Several efforts to reduce the devastating effects of hunger, poverty and hunger worldwide are implemented. One of the prominent intervention strategies is the Heifer International programme. In Zimbabwe, Heifer International (HI) is donating cattle to poverty-stricken and food-insecure households to eliminate food insecurity, hunger and poverty. However, much is not known about the contribution of the HI programme. Notably, HI has been implementing this programme for over a decade now. To unpack and determine the contribution of this programme to the people’s livelihoods, a cross-sectional survey design was adopted to collect data. The data were quantitatively analysed, using IBM SPSS version 26. Results revealed that the programme contributed mainly to the socio-economic well-being of the participating households. Participation in the HI was associated with increased income; training and education programmes; improved yields and land under cultivation; income-generating opportunities; enhanced asset position; and food and nutritional benefits. Consequently, the paper recommended the use of cattle ownership among the poor rural households to eliminate the devastating effects of poverty, food insecurity and poverty because it is a way of empowering poor households with the potential of dismantling perpetual dependence on external support. It also recommended a strategic partnership between the government and other private players for investment in animal feeds since the programme seemed to overlook this aspect.
Improving Research Outputs for a University Nursing Department using Mutingati: An Ubuntu Perspective
Authors: Mulaudzi FM , Sepeng NV , Moeta ME , Ramavhoya TI , Rikhotso S
Published: April 2022

Institutions of higher learning employ various strategies to increase their outputs. However, the increase in research output remains a challenging task in nursing academia and can be attributed to poor working approaches such as lack of teamwork and collectivism. Therefore, creative and collaborative initiatives to improve research outputs are needed. Amongst them, mutingati was seen as a groundbreaking initiative to promote teamwork and collaboration to achieve a common purpose of increasing research output in the nursing academia. This paper aims to report the impact of adopting community of practice strategy using an indigenous knowledge practice of mutingati to improve the research output of nursing department at a selected university in South Africa. A narrative case study research design was used to report the impact of adopting community of practice strategy using an indigenous knowledge practice of mutingati to improve the research output for a nursing department at a selected university nursing department. Data was collected from the yearly reports which highlighted the achievements and substantial increment in the number of publications and students who completed their research studies in record time. The adoption of mutingati improved proposal development by students and academic staff reviews, resulting in collaborative group writing and an increase in the number of articles published in accredited peer-reviewed journals, multi-stakeholder collaborations, community engagement, and dialogue facilitation. The community of practice strategy in mutingati was confirmed by academic staff to be an effective approach to improve research outputs, provided it is designed to promote teamwork and is based on the principles of Ubuntu. This paper recommends that mutingati should be considered by institutions intending to empower novice academics, scholars, and researchers to improve productivity and increase research outputs in various research fields.
The Malady of Perpetual Municipal-finance Mismanagement: Designing a Leadership Framework as a Panacea
Authors: Zweni A , Yan B , Juta LB
Published: April 2022

The post-1994 new democratic government had an obligation to address the social injustices that the apartheid government enacted. These injustices were to be addressed by municipalities in combination with the national and provincial government. Municipalities in South Africa are to provide critical services to the citizens. Apart from political turmoil and instability in South African municipalities, research suggests that administrators lack knowledge of financial management. This has negatively affected how financial resources are managed, thus affecting service delivery. It has resulted in some municipalities being placed under administration by the provincial governments. Thus, this study aimed to develop a conceptual framework for effectively managing ever-eroding municipal finances in South Africa. This study adopted a qualitative research approach by looking into the key factors affecting leadership and financial management in municipalities to develop a leadership framework. This study contributed to a solid understanding of the need for change in the municipality's existing financial management activities and long-term viability. Furthermore, once the conceptual structure is implemented appropriately, it can assist South African municipalities and African countries in managing their finances effectively and ultimately improve their service delivery.