bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Outcomes of Acute Temporal Bone Fractures
Authors: Stanisce Luke , Chryssofos Sophia , Modi Reshma , Raizada Shivani , Watanabe Hiroto , Hunter Krystal , Godil Saniya S. , Solomon Donald H.
Published: December 2024

Objective(s)

To compare the incidence of acute and chronic complications of temporal bone fractures, and identify predictors for post‐injury, audiometrically confirmed hearing loss.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis of patients with acute temporal bone fractures who underwent both in‐hospital and outpatient follow‐up Otolaryngology evaluation at an academic, tertiary‐care institution from January 2002 to January 2023. Otologic outcomes were compared between initial and follow‐up evaluations. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of audiometric hearing loss.

Results

577 subjects with acute injuries were reviewed; 220 met inclusion criteria. Compared with initial evaluation, the incidence of hemotympanum (57% vs. 5%, p < 0.001), external auditory canal injury (18% vs. 8%, p = 0.01), facial nerve weakness (7% vs. 4%, p = 0.016), and cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea (6% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) significantly decreased at follow‐up. There were no differences in rates of subjective hearing loss, tympanic membrane injury, or ossicular disruption. Formal audiograms were performed in 82 subjects. 47 (57%) demonstrated hearing loss, almost half of which were pure sensorineural. Multivariate regression identified age (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.03, p = 0.036), intracranial bleeding (OR: 7.49, p = 0.004), and lateral dural venous sinus thrombosis (OR: 10.5, p = 0.039) as predictors for audiometric loss.

Conclusions

Temporal bone fractures are complex injuries often associated with numerous intra‐temporal and extra‐temporal complications. Various otological sequelae persist upon hospital discharge. Yielding insight about the natural history of such injuries, these results aid in patient counseling, identifying subjects at risk for long‐term problems, and necessitating follow‐up.

Level of Evidence

IV Laryngoscope, 2024
Effects of crystallization and thermal degradation behavior on mechanical properties of fiber‐reinforced composites during post‐annealing
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Xiaodong , Wu Ting , Chen Zhanchun , Zhao Runtian , Wang Zhihui , Liang Jianguo
Published: December 2024

Post‐annealing treatment is one of the most effective methods for enhancing the mechanical properties of composite materials. This study focuses on carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6 (CF/PA6) composites via injection molding, specifically investigating the effects of high‐temperature post‐annealing duration on their mechanical properties, crystallization and thermal degradation behavior. The findings indicate that the tensile strength and modulus of CF/PA6 composites exhibit a complex trend with varying annealing times, attributed to the combined effect of crystallization and thermal degradation behavior. Notably, samples annealed for 24 h exhibited the best tensile strength and modulus, with significant improvements of 14.7% and 21.4%, respectively, compared to the original samples. This work holds significant implications for enhancing the performance of composites.

Highlights

Mechanical properties of composites change complicatedly during post‐annealing.

Combined effect of crystallization and thermal degradation behavior.

The process method enables high‐performance and controllable manufacturing.
Introduction of high‐performance yarns into super‐composites based on three‐dimensional woven structures to enhance their electromagnetic absorption properties
Authors: Pang Xianke , Zhou Xinghai , Gao Yuan , Qian Yongfang , Lyu Lihua
Published: December 2024

High‐performance electromagnetic absorption (EMA) materials were becoming increasingly in demand as radar technology advances. One significant way to increase the performance of EMA composite structures was through flexible design. In this work, three‐dimensional (3D) woven preforms with varying absorption layers and structures were woven on an ordinary loom. Subsequently, the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) molding method was used to prepare 3D woven EMA materials with good EMA capabilities. Then, experimental research examined the impact of varying fiber yarns, absorption layers, and incidence angles (θ) on the EMA characteristics of the 3D woven EMA materials. Lastly, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) electromagnetic simulation was used to simulate the optimal experimental result and Radar Cross Section (RCS). The results demonstrated that changing fiber yarn structure of 3D woven EMA materials can significantly improve the EMA capabilities of the 3D woven EMA materials. Simultaneously, the EMA capabilities of the 3D woven EMA materials was influenced considerably by the number of the absorption layers and the incidence angle of the electromagnetic wave. For example, the six‐layer 3D woven EMA materials (A(A2C)3C) with carbon fiber yarns introduced in the Z‐direction yarns achieved an effective absorption bandwidth of up to 8.34 GHz at a thickness 9 mm. At an incidence angle of 90°, the most excellent reflection loss value of −44.25 dB could be attained. At the same time, the shortcomings of the experiments were further optimized by CST, and RCS understood the suitability of the EMA materials. This study provided a vital research methodology for designing and developing high‐performance EMA materials.

Highlights

3D preforms were woven on an ordinary loom.

The VARTM was used to prepare 3D woven EMA materials.

Introduction of carbon fiber yarns to improve EMA capabilities.

The shortcomings of the experiments were further optimized by Computer Simulation Technology.

Understood the suitability of the EMA materials by Radar Cross Section.
Mechanical and ballistic performance of individual and synergistic filler reinforced glass fiber epoxy composites
Authors: Dharani Kumar S. , Nitin M. S. , Kumar Saurabh S. , Muthukumaran N. , Magarajan U.
Published: December 2024

This study examines the influence of individual (Graphene) and synergistic fillers (Graphene + Boron Carbide (B4C)) on the mechanical and ballistic performance of glass fiber epoxy‐reinforced composites (GFERCs). The different filler‐reinforced GFERCs were processed using the compression molding technique and cut as per testing standards. The results showed that the sample GF3 which had both the graphene and B4C filler together had significantly enhanced the tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact properties. The properties showed an improvement of 23.3%, 34%, 7%, and 13%, respectively when compared with the unfilled GF1 sample. The ballistic test results also revealed this synergistically filled GF3 sample had the least back‐face signature (BFS) value of 23.5 mm after impact. Fractographic studies showed that the synergistic effect of graphene and B4C also improved the bonding between the epoxy resin and glass fiber. The high toughness required for energy absorption is provided by matrix hardening, strong interfacial bonding, and fiber pullouts. Mainly the hard strike face created by the B4C particles and the energy transfer provided by the graphene particles proved pivotal in ensuring energy dissipation in the composite. Finally, it was observed that the synergistic fillers played the most important role in improving the performance of GFERCs by enhancing the energy dissipation mechanisms.

Highlights

Multiple fillers (Graphene+B4C) enhanced the mechanical and ballistic properties.

Synergistic toughening provided by the B4C and graphene particles.

Hybrid fillers exhibited strong interfacial bonding.
Transforming automotive polypropylene components into 3D printing filaments
Authors: Gonçalves Peterson A. de Souza , Barroso Caique de Sousa G. S. , de Oliveira Daniel Magalhães , Mulinari Daniella R. , Ghussn Luciana
Published: December 2024

The automotive sector plays a fundamental role in the search for solutions for the reuse, remanufacturing and recycling of materials, parts and components of vehicles produced to mitigate their environmental impacts. The automotive sector has requested to mitigate its environmental impacts through the reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling of materials, parts, and components of the vehicles produced. This work presents a proposal to reuse discarded automotive parts made of talc‐reinforced polypropylene (20 and 40% w/w) to produce filaments used for 3D printing. To produce the filament, firstly discarded parts were cleaned, washed, and dried. Afterward, they were ground and extruded through a machine, then used to print test samples using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. Filaments were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Melt flow index techniques. Results showed that adding talc did not significantly influence the filament's diameter, density, extrusion temperature, and roughness. Also, talc enhanced the compatibility, increasing the interaction between the composite components. This led to a reduction in the melt flow index, as the chain mobility was decreased. The developed composite filaments (20 and 40% w/w) were successfully 3D printed and the amount of talc reinforced in PP influenced the Shore D hardness values. Thus, the possibility of including plastic parts produced by FDM technology is an innovative option for car manufacturers, representing an opportunity to empower small‐scale producers of polymers.

Highlights

3D printing provides agile prototyping and expands design possibilities.

Reuse of automotive parts to produce filaments for 3D printing.

Filaments of talc‐reinforced polypropylene (20% and 40% w/w).

Filament characterization through SEM, TGA, DSC, and MFI techniques.

The composite filaments (20 and 40% w/w) were successfully 3D printed.
Effects of filament extrusion temperature and 3D printing parameters on the structure and mechanical properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/poly (lactic acid) blends
Authors: de Melo Eduarda Chiabai Rodrigues , Lona Liliane Maria Ferrareso , Vieira Roniérik Pioli
Published: December 2024

Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer derived from fossil‐based raw materials. Combined with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a major material used in 3D printing, PBAT provides mechanical properties that are particularly attractive for applications requiring flexible 3D‐printed objects. However, blends with high PBAT content in fused filament fabrication (FFF) are currently not well‐documented, and optimal printing parameters remain unclear for advancing this field. This study aims to address this gap by first exploring the extrusion of filaments at different temperatures, followed by analyzing the printing conditions for PBAT/PLA blends to enhance their spectrum of applications. Using a commercial blend, Ecovio® (86 mol% PBAT), this paper demonstrates the feasibility of employing high PBAT content in the additive manufacturing process. Printing parameters such as nozzle temperature and speed were assessed based on the visual quality and mechanical properties of the specimens. The results indicate that extruding at 120°C yields smoother filaments with adequate diameter for FFF applications. Regarding 3D‐printing analysis, variations in parameters did not significantly impact elongation at break. However, increasing the nozzle temperature from 180 to 210°C and the printing speed from 50 to 80 mm/s resulted in a 29% increase in tensile strength and a 77% increase in the modulus of elasticity of the 3D‐printed specimens which is attributed to better interlayer adhesion. Therefore, high PBAT content blends can improve the performance of 3D‐printed materials, and parameters must be optimized to exploit their effectiveness fully across various industrial uses.

Highlights

Extrusion temperature variations minimally affect PLA/PBAT thermal properties.

Higher nozzle temperature and speed significantly improve mechanical properties.

Optimal printing conditions for high PBAT blends enable flexible materials.

PBAT blends show potential for enhanced 3D printing performance in all sectors.
Effect of Organic Bases on Fluorescence Quenching Behaviors and Acid–Base Responsivity of Coumarin‐Based π‐Conjugated Polymers Compared With 3,7‐Dibromo‐4‐Methylcoumarin and 3,7‐Bis(Phenylethynyl)‐4‐Methylcoumarin
Authors: Kaneko Yuya , Wang Aohan
Published: December 2024

π‐Conjugated polymers containing coumarin backbone in the main chain show acid–base responsive fluorescence. The α‐pyrone ring in the coumarin unit undergoes hydrolysis by inorganic bases and triggers the change of the expanded π‐conjugated system, resulting in the reversible fluorescence on/off switching, dual‐colored halochromic fluorescence, and alkali metal ion recognition. We assume that the coumarin polymers form complexes with alkali metal ions during hydrolysis. In this study, we investigated the fluorescence quenching behaviors and acid–base responsivity of 3,7‐dibromo‐4‐methylcoumarin, 3,7‐bis(phenylethynyl)‐4‐methylcoumarin (model compound), and two types of coumarin‐based π‐conjugated polymers by the addition of organic bases for comparison. Consequently, the model compound demonstrated remarkably reversible on/off switching behaviors, highlighting the significant role of the metal‐free organic bases and HCl aqueous solution in facilitating the ring‐opening and closing properties. The coumarin‐based polymers demonstrated notable reversibility specifically in PL intensity. These results are expected to enhance our understanding of how alkali metal ions are recognized by coumarin π‐conjugated polymers.
A sample size analysis of a mathematical model of longitudinal tumor volume and progression‐free survival for Bayesian individual dynamic predictions in recurrent high‐grade glioma
Authors: Glazar Daniel J. , Sahebjam Solmaz , Yu Hsiang‐Husan M. , Chen Dung‐Tsa , Bhandari Menal , Enderling Heiko
Published: December 2024

Patients with recurrent high‐grade glioma (rHGG) have a poor prognosis with median progression‐free survival (PFS) of <7 months. Responses to treatment are heterogenous, suggesting a clinical need for prognostic models. Bayesian data analysis can exploit individual patient follow‐up imaging studies to adaptively predict the risk of progression. We propose a novel sample size analysis for Bayesian individual dynamic predictions and demonstrate proof of principle. We coupled a nonlinear mixed effects tumor growth inhibition model with a survival model. Longitudinal tumor volumes and time‐to‐progression were simulated for 2000 in silico rHGG patients. Bayesian individual dynamic predictions of PFS curves were evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Brier skill score (BSS). We investigated the effects of sample size on AUC and BSS margins of error. A power law relationship was observed between sample size and margins of error of AUC and BSS. Sample size was also found to be negatively correlated with margins of error and landmark time. We explored the use of this sample size analysis as a clinical look‐up table for prospective clinical trial design and retrospective clinical data analysis. Here, we motivate the application of Bayesian individual dynamic predictions as a clinical end point for clinical trial design. Doing so could aid in the development of study protocols with patient‐specific adaptations (escalate or de‐escalate dose or frequency of drug administration, increase or decrease the frequency of follow‐up, or change therapeutic modality) according to patient‐specific prognosis. Future developments of this approach will focus on further model development and validation.
Remote Implementation of Particular Subsets of Operations in two Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Wang Meiyu , Cao Jiashuai , Di Bing
Published: December 2024

Hyperentanglement of photon systems is a fascinating resource in long‐distance quantum information processing and communication for its improvement to the channel capacity. Remote implementation of quantum operation (RIO) using a hyperentangled state has attracted much attention for its critical role in many quantum applications. In this study, a protocol for the remote implementation of particular subsets of operations exploiting a pair of photons hyperentangled in their polarization and time‐bin degrees of freedom (DOFs) is presented. The core of this scheme is to construct polarization and time‐bin parity‐check quantum nondemolition detectors (QNDs), which mainly rely on the effective cross‐Kerr nonlinear interaction and X homodyne measurements. The efficiency of the scheme is calculated in terms of bits of transmission and consumption. Compared with the RIO using the polarization‐spatial‐mode hyperentangled state, the present scheme saves resources since there is no requirement for two paths for each photon. Further, given some applicable experimental parameters, the fidelity due to the effect of decoherence in the circuits is analyzed, and the result demonstrates a high fidelity in the presence of photon dissipation. Since the time‐bin DOF is more robust over a channel, especially from space to earth, this RIO protocol presents a promising approach for building a global quantum‐communication network.
Comprehensive Optimization of Packing Parameters for Hydraulic‐Packed Capillary Columns
Authors: Hu Chunqiu , Fu Hang , Wang Lulu , Gao Yuan , Li Ruidong , Li Zhen , Li Shuai , Xie Xiaowang , Ren Chongxi , Guo Fang , Tan Minjia , Zhai Linhui
Published: December 2024

Rationale

The performance of the capillary column directly impacts the separation efficiency of complex sample in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–based proteomics studies. The hydraulic packing system offers an effective solution by reducing packing time and expediting the preparation process of column preparation. However, its operational complexity and strict parameter regulation requirements hinder efficient application.

Methods

This study developed an innovative device for the hydraulic capillary column packing, followed by a systematic optimization and evaluation of crucial parameters such as packing pressure, magnetic stirring rate, concentration of solid‐phase material, and choice of packing solvent in the capillary column packing process.

Results

The comprehensive evaluation of the prepared capillary columns showed that the hydraulic packing method enabled rapid and large‐scale preparation, while also demonstrating exceptional stability and reproducibility.

Conclusions

The proposed hydraulic capillary column packing strategy in this study holds theoretical and practical implications for advancing the technology of column preparation, enhancing separation efficiency, and expanding the depth of analysis in proteomics research.
How media coverage elicits strategic change: The moderating role of the business model design
Authors: Klein Sascha P. , Spieth Patrick , Ricart Joan Enric , Noble Charles H.
Published: December 2024

Research Summary

Prior research indicates that negative media coverage of business activities encourages a firm to engage in strategic change, but the conditions for this strategic focus have drawn less scholarly attention. Considering a firm's business model design (BMD) with distinct sources for value creation, we argue that the effect of negative media coverage on strategic change is contingent on the BMD. An analysis of longitudinal data from 96 established firms shows that novelty‐centered BMDs reduce strategic change in response to negative media coverage. We contribute to research regarding strategic change in response to outside evaluations by explaining an important contingent factor related to strategy. We also expand on previous research indicating that managerial behaviors and attributes moderate the main effect of negative media coverage and provide a more nuanced understanding of this effect from a business model perspective.

Managerial Summary

Our study explores how negative media coverage affects strategic changes in large firms, focusing on the role of the BMD. We found that firms with a novelty‐centered BMD prioritizing innovation are less likely to alter their strategies in response to negative media coverage, suggesting that these firms are confident in their innovative approaches despite external criticism. Conversely, efficiency‐centered BMDs, which focus on operational efficiency, did not show a meaningful moderating effect. For managers, this implies that firms with innovation‐oriented business models may need less frequent strategic adjustments in the face of negative media. However, they should still communicate strategically to address potential long‐term reputational risks.
A Robust and Efficient Representation‐based DNA Storage Architecture by Deep Learning
Authors: Su Yanqing , Chu Ling , Lin Wanmin , Yao Xiangyu , Xu Peng , Liu Wenbin
Published: December 2024

As one main form of multimedia data, images play a critical role in various applications. In this paper, a representation‐based architecture is proposed which takes advantage of the outstanding representation and image‐generation abilities of deep learning (DL). This architecture includes two DL models: an autoencoder and a U‐Net network which achieve the representation, construction, and refinement of images from the noisy reads in DNA storage. Simulation experiments demonstrate that it can reconstruct images of moderate quality in scenarios where insertion‐deletion‐substitution (IDS) errors are less than 6%. Combined with the feature quantization, it also offers a flexible way to achieve a balanced trade‐off between compression ratio and image quality by selecting an approximate representation channel number. Additionally, the quality of images can be boosted by using multiple reads which are a common situation in DNA storage. A wet lab practice that successfully reconstructs an image stored in 14 plasmids further proves the feasibility of the proposed architecture. Instead of storing the original image information, the representation‐based architecture provides a competitive solution which achieves robust and efficient DNA storage for large‐scale image applications.
Photoswitchable Gold Nanoparticles for Super‐Resolution Radial Fluctuation Imaging in Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Probst Julie , Mathur Prerit , Gai Meiyu , Si Tieyan , He Qiang , Gao Changyong , Gao Hanchao , Sapelkin Andrei V , Kappl Michael , Qiu Guangyu , Wang Jing , Frueh Johannes , Stavrakis Stavros
Published: December 2024

Camera‐based super‐resolution approaches surpass the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopy by relying on the stochastic activation and precise localization of fluorescent molecules. However, traditional probes such as organic dyes and quantum dots present challenges such as photobleaching and blinking variability, which limit their application in super‐resolution imaging, particularly in non‐liquid environments. Herein, the study demonstrates the potential of gold nanoparticles as a promising alternative for localization‐based super‐resolution imaging. The study specifically investigates how different surface functionalizations and states (aggregated vs isolated) of gold nanoparticles impact their photoluminescence properties, including fluorescence intensity, lifetime, and blinking behavior. By leveraging the intrinsic photoluminescence of gold nanoparticles, their capability is demonstrated as probes to achieve super‐resolution imaging of nano‐sized structures, at a resolution down to 100 nm, without the need for conventional imaging buffers. These proof‐of‐concept applications, which include imaging of silica nanosized wrinkles and logos, reveal that gold nanoparticles exhibit superior photophysical properties compared to common organic fluorophores, offering a promising alternative for super‐resolution imaging. This work paves the way for the application of super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy in materials science where non‐liquid environments often restrict the use of traditional probes.
Interfacial Engineering of Degenerately Doped V0.25Mo0.75S2 for Improved Contacts in MoS2 Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Maity Dipak , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Levi Adi , Sharma Rahul , Ber Emanuel , Yalon Eilam , Biroju Ravi. K. , Vretenár Viliam , Narayanan Tharangattu N. , Naveh Doron
Published: December 2024

2D transition‐metal dichalcogenide semiconductors such as MoS2 are identified as a platform for next‐generation electronic circuitries. However, the progress toward industrial applications is still lagging due to imperfections of wafer‐scale deposition techniques and in‐contact parasitic impedance affecting device integration in large circuits and systems. Here, on contact engineering of large‐scale, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown monolayer MoS2 films is reported, leading to improved performance of field effect transistors. The transistor performance of monolayer pure MoS2 is initially characterized by its ION/IOFF ratio (106), carrier density (≈1012 cm−2), and mobility (≈10 cm2 Vs−1), and the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of conventional metallic Au contact of MoS2 (≈215 meV). Then, a CVD‐grown degenerately‐doped monolayer of alloy V0.25Mo0.75S2 is introduced between Au and MoS2 of a modified transistor, reducing the SBH to ≈100 meV. The reduced contact resistance (≈50%) of the device with an atomically thin contact interface complies with the theoretical model and is free from Fermi‐level pinning effects. It is resilient to the high temperatures that are characteristic of physical metallization methods and is readily scalable.
Investigation on Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101 during Elevated Temperature Compression Testing
Authors: Cao Zhu , Li Wang , Zhang Xinghai , Wang Bingyu , Li Jingyuan
Published: December 2024

The hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (LDX 2101) have been investigated using hot compression test in the ranges of 900–1200 °C and 0.01–10 s−1. After kinetic analysis, the activation energy of LDX 2101 is determined to be 421.840 kJ mol−1. The optimal parameter range for hot processing is 920–980 °C and 0.1–1 s−1. The dynamic recrystallization mechanism is closely related to the subgrains and subgrain boundaries (SBs) pre‐generated by dynamic recovery. Therein, the DRX mechanism of ferritic phase is continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), which is characterized by disassembly and rearrangement of tangled dislocations located at SBs and subgrains progressive rotation (SGPR) to complete the transformation to recrystallized grains. The main DRX mechanism of austenite is discontinuous dynamic recrystallization with strain‐induced boundary migration as the nucleation mode, which is characterized by subgrains on the pre‐existing high‐angle grain boundaries bowing into the ferrite to transform into austenite recrystallization grains by swallowing the δ phase, while CDRX characterized by SGPR occurs in the austenite phase as an auxiliary nucleation mechanism.
Gastrointestinal Perforations Associated With JAK Inhibitors: A Disproportionality Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Goldman Adam , Raschi Emanuel , Druyan Amit , Sharif Kassem , Lahat Adi , Ben‐Zvi Ilan , Ben‐Horin Shomron
Published: December 2024

Background

Gastrointestinal perforations have been reported in a small number of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in clinical trials. However, large‐scale postmarketing data repositories are needed to further investigate this potentially rare but serious adverse event.

Methods

A retrospective, pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system (July 2014 to September 2023) assessing the reporting of gastrointestinal perforations following JAK inhibitors compared to biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in RA patients. The adjusted reporting odds ratio (adj.ROR) was calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results

Of 399,983 RA patients included in the study, 76,446 were treated with JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, n = 52,365; upadacitinib, n = 21,856; baricitinib, n = 2225) and 323,537 were treated with bDMARDs (TNF inhibitors, rituximab, and abatacept). Overall, 230 cases of gastrointestinal perforation following JAK inhibitors were identified, with a median time of 9 (IQR: 4–22) months from treatment initiation. Compared with bDMARDs, JAK inhibitors were associated with a higher‐than‐expected reporting of gastrointestinal perforations (adj.ROR = 1.98[1.69−2.31]). Increased reporting of gastrointestinal perforations was observed among recipients of JAK inhibitors or bDMARDs who used steroids or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs concurrently (adj.ROR = 2.82 [2.41–3.31]). Perforations of both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract were significantly over‐reported (n = 51, adj.ROR = 1.55 [1.12–2.14], n = 143, adj.ROR = 1.78 [1.46–2.17], respectively). Furthermore, the safety signal was significant across all JAK inhibitors: tofacitinib (n = 125, adj.ROR = 1.52 [1.25–1.85]), upadacitinib (n = 84, adj.ROR = 2.73 [2.17–3.44]), and baricitinib (n = 21, adj.ROR = 5.38 [3.46–8.37]).

Conclusion

In this global pharmacovigilance study, all JAK inhibitors were associated with increased reporting of gastrointestinal perforations compared with bDMARDs in RA patients. Until more data on IBD patients emerge, careful surveillance and increased clinicians' awareness should also be advocated for this population.
Einleitung
Authors: Schlachter Sabrina
Published: December 2024

In der heutigen Informationsgesellschaft stehen Individuen in einer Paarbeziehung vor der Herausforderung, mit digitalen Transformationsprozessen umzugehen. Hierzu liegt eine Vielzahl von Studien vor, die Veränderungen durch Medien im Paaralltag untersuchen. Doch hinsichtlich medienbezogener Bildungsprozesse - bei denen eine Veränderung des Selbst- und Weltbezugs geschieht - werden Paarbeziehungen in der Forschung bislang vernachlässigt. In dieser Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern medienbezogene Bildungsprozesse in Paarbeziehungen stattfinden. Der Nutzen besteht in dem dadurch gewonnen Verständnis von medienbezogenen Bildungsprozessen in Paarbeziehungen. Dieses kann wiederum für zukünftige Forschungsvorhaben neue Perspektiven auf bereits behandelte Themen eröffnen, wie z. B. mediengestützte Paartherapie bzw. -beratung oder medienbezogene Bildungsprozessen und Mediensozialisation in der Familie.
Forschungsstand
Authors: Schlachter Sabrina
Published: December 2024

Im Kapitel Forschungsstand wird das Vorgehen zur Erstellung des selbigen in Anlehnung an die systematische Literaturanalyse beschrieben. Darauf folgt die Beschreibung der ersten Recherche zum Themenbereich medienbezogener Bildungsprozessen in Paarbeziehungen. Diese zeigt eine deutliche Forschungslücke bzgl. medienbezogener Bildungsprozessen im Zusammenhang mit Paarinteraktionen. So konnten nur zwei Quellen gefunden werden, welche sich näherungsweise mit dem Thema der Forschungsfrage befasst haben. Bei der zweiten Recherche zu dem Thema alltägliche Mediennutzung von Paaren zeigt sich, dass zwar Paare und Medien in der Forschung thematisiert werden, jedoch meistens im Hinblick auf die Kommunikationsstrukturen der Paare oder den Einfluss der Medien auf die Beziehung(-szufriedenheit) mit besonderem Fokus auf Problemfelder. Überdies wurde ersichtlich, dass nur wenige Studien vorliegen, die relativ offen die Mediennutzung von Paaren erhoben haben.
Fallportraits
Authors: Schlachter Sabrina
Published: December 2024

Im Kapitel Fallportraits findet sich eine detaillierte Vorstellung der Interviewpaare. Die Vorstellung der 16 Paare beginnt jeweils mit Daten und Fakten zum Paar, wie z. B. dem Alter, der Beziehungsdauer, der Familiensituation und der beruflichen Situation. Anschließend wird in einem exemplarischen Interviewausschnitt die Besonderheit des jeweiligen Paares gezeigt. Darauf folgt eine Beschreibung der medieninduzierten Kommunikation des Paares, ergänzt durch einen Überblick über die gemeinsame und individuelle Mediennutzung.
Kiite World: Socializing Map-Based Music Exploration Through Playlist Sharing and Synchronized Listening
Authors: Tsukuda Kosetsu , Takahashi Takumi , Ishida Keisuke , Hamasaki Masahiro , Goto Masataka
Published: December 2024

Numerous systems have been proposed for placing songs on a map to enable music exploration, but existing systems assume that users explore alone and thus lack social interactions, which has been identified as a significant issue for these systems. In this paper, we describe “Kiite World,” a web service that enables social-aware music exploration. Kiite World has over 440,000 songs placed on a map and lets users perform the following social interactions while moving their avatars: (1) Users can publish “My Kiite World,” where songs from their created playlists are displayed on the map, and they can visit each other’s “My Kiite Worlds” to explore songs on the map. (2) The activities of all users exploring songs on Kiite World are visualized in real time, enabling users to synchronize with interested users and explore songs while listening to music together. (3) Any user can easily host music events where she listens to her favorite songs together with other users while they synchronize with her. Analysis of user behavior logs over seven months revealed several reusable insights on the usefulness of incorporating social aspects into map-based music exploration (e.g., users often like songs that are farther from their original interests as a result of exploring songs in other users’ “My Kiite Worlds.”).
Psoriasis treatments in the stabilization of atherosclerosis: a systematic review
Authors: Ji Lixin , Ravi Sowmya , Wright Laura , Nguyen Vi , Wiley Jose , Vukelic Milena , Kim Sangkyu
Published: December 2024

This systematic review explores the relationship between achieving minimal disease activity in psoriasis and the progression of atherosclerosis. It investigates how biologic therapies and other treatments impact atherosclerosis markers, offering insights into therapeutic strategies. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted from January 1, 2000, to April 1, 2023, using terms such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, atherosclerosis, biologic therapy, vascular stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Eligible studies were those involving human subjects over 18, written in English, that provided quantitative atherosclerosis markers, including CIMT, CCTA, arterial pulse wave velocity (aPWV), fat attenuation index (FAI), and augmentation index (Aix). From an initial pool of 217 studies, 21 were included, grouped by treatments, including TNF-α inhibitors, IL-12/23 inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors, DMARDs, phototherapy, and fumaric acid esters. The review found that TNF-α inhibitors significantly improved atherosclerosis markers such as CIMT, aPWV, FAI, and C-reactive protein (CRP), with reductions in these markers compared to no treatment, phototherapy, and IL-12/23 inhibitors. Additionally, IL-17 inhibitors demonstrated similar reductions in FAI compared to TNF-α inhibitors but showed a greater effect in reducing non-calcified plaque burden (12% vs. 5% for TNF-α inhibitors, p < 0.001) and also decreased CRP levels. Fumaric acid improved cholesterol metabolism (p < 0.04), and TNF-α inhibitors enhanced endothelial function (p < 0.01). Mixed results were observed when compared to DMARDs, indicating that patient-specific factors should guide treatment choices. In conclusion, TNF-α inhibitors are highly effective in reducing atherosclerosis progression in psoriasis patients, consistently improving vascular health markers like CIMT, aPWV, FAI, and CRP. IL-17 inhibitors also show significant efficacy, particularly in reducing non-calcified plaque burden, making them a valuable alternative to TNF-α inhibitors. Fumaric acid’s role in cholesterol metabolism suggests its potential in combination therapies. These findings support integrating TNF-α and IL-17 inhibitors into treatment protocols for psoriasis patients with comorbid atherosclerosis, improving cardiovascular outcomes.
Par-delà les pièges des discours, les techniques artisanales aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Hilaire-Pérez Liliane , Lanoë Catherine
Published: December 2024

Depuis quelques années, en France et dans le monde anglophone, les savoirs des artisans mobilisent l’intérêt des chercheurs et des chercheuses. Récemment, la notion d’Artisanal Enlightenment a contribué à inspirer certaines études : la rencontre des cultures artisanales avec l’élite savante et éclairée aurait suscité des hybrides culturels et favorisé des transferts de savoirs. Cet article entend mettre à distance cette approche, en resserrant la focale sur les artisans au travail, en proposant une analyse au ras des pratiques, à partir de corpus inédits restituant les techniques mises en œuvre dans les ateliers. Il convient de prendre la mesure du retournement de perspective. Pendant longtemps en effet, les historiens et historiennes ont repris à leur compte des lieux communs sur les artisans, forgés par les contemporains, tels que l’enserrement dans des corps de métiers figés et rivaux entre eux. Un puissant mouvement de relecture a mis en cause ces stéréotypes. D’une part, l’histoire des sciences a souligné le rôle des praticiens dans l’émergence des sciences expérimentales. D’autre part, le mouvement de relecture de la révolution industrielle a réfuté un récit centré sur les ingénieurs, les industriels et les savants et montré les capacités inventives des artisans. Il apparaît de plus en plus que les savoirs artisanaux ont évolué indépendamment des mondes savants, ce qui incite à reconsidérer les relations entre savants et artisans et notamment l’intérêt des élites pour les techniques. Plusieurs thèmes sont ainsi mis en avant par les recherches récentes et développés dans cet article : la captation des savoirs artisanaux par les mondes savants, les relations de pouvoir qui sous-tendent la codification des pratiques artisanales, enfin les ressources de l’atelier, en plaçant au cœur de la réflexion les ressorts cognitifs du faire, du rapport à la matière, au geste et à l’outillage.
L’histoire amérindienne, ou la fin de l’anthropologie ? (note critique)
Authors: Havard Gilles
Published: December 2024

L’évaluation de deux ouvrages récents sur l’histoire des Indiens d’Amérique du Nord, Indigenous Continent: The Epic Contest for North America de Pekka Hämäläinen (2022) et The Rediscovery of America: Native Peoples and the Unmaking of U.S. History de Ned Blackhawk (2023), qui se veulent rénovateurs, offre l’occasion d’un état des lieux. Les deux auteurs soulèvent deux des grandes questions qui animent le champ, celle de la capacité d’agir des Amérindiens, reconnue et acceptée de façon consensuelle par les historiens, et celle de leur raison d’agir, pour laquelle des visions contrastées se font jour. Dans cette note critique, nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure l’importance accordée par N. Blackhawk et P. Hämäläinen à la capacité d’agir des Autochtones n’a pas précisément pour effet d’enfouir la réflexion sur leur raison d’agir. Si P. Hämäläinen, à la différence de N. Blackhawk, insiste sur l’écueil de la téléologie et s’efforce de valoriser la variété des modes d’intrusion coloniale, les deux historiens se retrouvent dans leur renoncement à une forme d’anthropologie qui, par le passé, a été soucieuse de restituer l’intégrité culturelle des Autochtones. Le lexique analytique choisi, à l’exemple du terme « empire », conduit parfois à un effacement de la différence culturelle et à une torsion de l’histoire. Cette note plaide ainsi pour une complémentarité retrouvée entre histoire et anthropologie.
L’antisémitisme et la réforme de la Bourse de Paris (1893-1898)
Authors: Hautcœur Pierre-Cyrille
Published: December 2024

Les réformes de la Bourse de Paris entre 1893 et 1898 sont l’occasion de manifestations d’antisémitisme qui peuvent ne guère surprendre dans le contexte de l’époque. Les partisans du monopole des agents de change traitent de juifs les membres du marché libre (les coulissiers) qui le remettent en cause. Au-delà de la défense conservatrice d’une corporation privilégiée et de sa contestation libérale, cet épisode permet de mieux comprendre que ce sont deux conceptions du marché financier toujours actuelles qui sont en cause. Les coulissiers privilégient la liquidité, la rapidité d’exécution, les financiers professionnels et les échanges internationaux, au prix éventuellement d’une moindre sécurité et d’une moindre égalité dans l’échange, au détriment sans doute des petits boursicoteurs et de la stabilité du marché. Les agents de change avaient des priorités inverses. Le débat s’enrichit de l’émergence d’une tierce position socialiste qui renvoie dos à dos libéraux et conservateurs pour proposer une Bourse service public privilégiant transparence et sécurité sans que ce soit au profit d’un groupe privilégié, position qui, sans prévaloir, annonce de nouvelles conceptions de l’économie de marché.
Les Juifs, la lettre de change : le peuple-caste et l’esprit du premier capitalisme
Authors: Kriegel Maurice
Published: December 2024

Cet article veut montrer, dans le sillage du livre de Francesca Trivellato, combien la légende de l’invention juive de la lettre de change a joué un rôle déterminant dans l’élaboration des conceptions qui se sont imposées au cours du xviiie comme du xixe siècle sur l’histoire des Juifs en général et sur les caractères de leur activité économique en particulier. Au xviiie siècle, Montesquieu célébra la sophistication des instruments de l’économie, capable de faire obstacle aux initiatives arbitraires des gouvernements et de garantir ainsi les libertés ; les générations suivantes des penseurs des Lumières entreprirent de déthéologiser l’histoire juive en expliquant la pérennité des Juifs dispersés au cours des siècles par leur fonction commerciale. Au xixe siècle, les inquiétudes ou les espoirs engendrés par la promotion de l’industrie et de la banque comme la sensibilité nouvelle à l’égard du Moyen Âge engagèrent à remettre sur le métier le problème des circonstances de l’apparition du « commerce » et du rôle des Juifs dans son surgissement.
Long-term flare energy variation driven by the dipole moment of solar magnetic field
Authors: Yoldaş Ezgi , Dal Hasan Ali
Published: December 2024

In this study, the results obtained using GOES satellite X-ray data and MWO and WSO measurements of the solar magnetic field between 1976 and 2022 are compared and discussed. By analysing GOES satellite X-ray data in 47 different time periods of one month long, 7 500 solar flares are obtained, the flare equivalent duration distributions against the total duration of the flare are statistically modelled, and then their variation via time is examined. The variations of the model parameters such as the Plateau, which is considered as an indicator of the stellar saturation level in an observation season, and the flare timescales via time are examined. We noticed that the variation found in the solar magnetic field and the variation determined in the flare saturation levels are very similar. As a result, it is well known that the solar magnetic dipole moment measured from the solar poles steadily decreased from 1976 to 2022. We revealed that the solar X-ray flare energies are also generally decreasing in the same trend. This decrease is also evident in flare timescales, indicating that the geometry of solar magnetic loops is getting smaller over time.
Diprotodon on the sky. The Large Galactic Supernova Remnant (SNR) G278.94+1.35
Authors: Filipović Miroslav D. , Lazarević Sanja , Araya Miguel , Hurley-Walker Natasha , Kothes Roland , Sano Hidetoshi , Rowell Gavin , Martin Pierrick , Fukui Yasuo , Alsaberi Rami Z. E. , Arbutina Bojan , Ball Brianna , Bordiu Cristobal , Brose Robert , Bufano Filomena , Burger-Scheidlin Christopher , Anne Collins Tiffany , Crawford Evan J. , Dai Shi , William Duchesne Stefan , Fuller Robert , Hopkins Andrew , Ingallinera Adriano , Inoue Haruto , Jarrett Thomas , Silvia Koribalski Bärbel , Leahy Denis , Luken Kieran , Mackey Jonathan , Macgregor Peter , Norris Ray , Payne Jeffrey , Riggi Simone , Riseley Christopher , Sasaki Manami , Smeaton Zachary , Sushch Iurii , Stupar Milorad , Umana Grazia , Urošević Dejan , Velović Velibor , Vernstrom Tessa , Vukotić Branislav , West Jennifer
Published: December 2024

We present a re-discovery of G278.94+1.35a as possibly one of the largest known Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) – that we name Diprotodon. While previously established as a Galactic SNR, Diprotodon is visible in our new Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) and GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA (GLEAM) radio continuum images at an angular size of

$3{{{{.\!^\circ}}}}33\times3{{{{.\!^\circ}}}}23$

, much larger than previously measured. At the previously suggested distance of 2.7 kpc, this implies a diameter of 157

$\times$

152 pc. This size would qualify Diprotodon as the largest known SNR and pushes our estimates of SNR sizes to the upper limits. We investigate the environment in which the SNR is located and examine various scenarios that might explain such a large and relatively bright SNR appearance. We find that Diprotodon is most likely at a much closer distance of

$\sim$

1 kpc, implying its diameter is 58

$\times$

56 pc and it is in the radiative evolutionary phase. We also present a new Fermi-LAT data analysis that confirms the angular extent of the SNR in gamma rays. The origin of the high-energy emission remains somewhat puzzling, and the scenarios we explore reveal new puzzles, given this unexpected and unique observation of a seemingly evolved SNR having a hard GeV spectrum with no breaks. We explore both leptonic and hadronic scenarios, as well as the possibility that the high-energy emission arises from the leftover particle population of a historic pulsar wind nebula.
In-kind Wages: Understanding Workers’ Strategies to Cope with Inflation and Poverty
Authors: Sarasúa Carmen
Published: December 2024

Although non-monetary benefits remain an important component of most workers’ wages in today's industrial economies, development economists and economic historians tend to view such payments as a remnant of older, obsolete labour regimes. But when in-kind wages are assumed to be exploitative, an outcome of market inefficiencies, or simply the result of limited supply of coinage, their actual economic functions can be obscured. Once we drop the constraints imposed by such assumptions and look at the historical evidence, we are forced to confront the possibility that workers actually used them to their advantage.

In this article, I analyse how in-kind wages functioned in certain historical contexts, and conclude that available explanations are far too limited. As the historical cases studied show, the different forms of in-kind payments must be examined because those forms – not just overall wage levels – helped determine labour supply, social and occupational mobility, and even capital formation.

The goods and services that made up in-kind payments also provide a fuller understanding of gender wage gaps. Non-monetary wages gave workers options that cash wages did not, and so created and reproduced fundamental inequalities among different groups.
7 Archaeology in Albania, 2014–2024
Authors: Gilkes Oliver , Melfi Milena , Muka Belisa
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a review of new research carried out within the borders of modern Albania in the last 10 years. It offers a roughly geographical outline – albeit incomplete – of recent discoveries from prehistory to the Middle Ages and attempts to place them in the wider context of current research in the field. Beyond pointing the reader to newly published surveys, archaeological excavations, and bodies of materials, it aims at giving an overall picture of the type and range of available data, current trends, choice of methodologies and approaches, and possible lines of enquiry within a key region for the archaeology of the Balkans and the Mediterranean as a whole.