bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Vasama Mari , Kumar Himanshu , Salminen Seppo , Haskard Carolyn
Published: July 2014

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are non-protein neurotoxins produced by saltwater dinoflagellates and freshwater cyanobacteria. The ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG and LC-705 (in viable and non-viable forms) to remove PSTs (saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxins 2 and 3 (GTX2/3), C-toxins 1 and 2 (C1/2)) from neutral and acidic solution (pH 7.3 and 2) was examined using HPLC. Binding decreased in the order of STX ~ neoSTX > C2 > GTX3 > GTX2 > C1. Removal of STX and neoSTX (77%–97.2%) was significantly greater than removal of GTX3 and C2 (33.3%–49.7%). There were no significant differences in toxin removal capacity between viable and non-viable forms of lactobacilli, which suggested that binding rather than metabolism is the mechanism of the removal of toxins. In general, binding was not affected by the presence of other organic molecules in solution. Importantly, this is the first study to demonstrate the ability of specific probiotic lactic bacteria to remove PSTs, particularly the most toxic PST-STX, from solution. Further, these results warrant thorough screening and assessment of safe and beneficial microbes for their usefulness in the seafood and water industries and their effectiveness in vivo.
Economic Assessment of Opportunities for Managed Aquifer Recharge Techniques in Spain Using an Advanced Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Escalante Enrique , Gil Rodrigo , San Miguel Fraile María , Serrano Fernando
Published: July 2014

This paper investigates the economic aspects of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) techniques considered in the DINA-MAR (Depth Investigation of New Areas for Managed Aquifer Recharge in Spain) project. This project firstly identified the areas with potential for MAR for the whole of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands of Spain using characteristics derived from 23 GIS layers of physiographic features, spanning geology, topography, land use, water sources and including existing MAR sites. The work involved evaluations for 24 different types (techniques) of MAR projects, over this whole area accounting for the physiographic features that favor each technique. The scores for each feature for each type of technique were set based on practical considerations and scores were accumulated for each location. A weighting was assigned to each feature by “training” the integrated score for each technique across all the features with the existing MAR sites overlay, so that opportunities for each technique could be more reliably predicted. It was found that there were opportunities for MAR for 16% of the area evaluated and that the additional storage capacity of aquifers in these areas was more than 2.5 times the total storage capacity of all existing surface water dams in Spain. The second part of this work, which is considered internationally unique, was to use this GIS methodology to evaluate the economics of the various MAR techniques across the region. This involved determining an economic index related to key physiographic features and applying this as an additional GIS overlay. Again this was trained by use of economic information for each of the existing MAR sites for which economic data and supply or storage volume were available. Two simpler methods were also used for comparison. Finally, the mean costs of MAR facilities and construction projects were determined based on the origin of the water. Maps of potential sites for Managed Aquifer Recharge (or “MAR zones”) in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands of Spain and the results of the previous economic studies developed at the beginning of the project were used as the foundation for the economic analysis. Based on these data, a new specific mapping of the total expected costs for all “MAR zones” (€/m3) was proposed based on the techniques that were considered most appropriate for each Spanish study case. Capital costs ranged from Euro 0.08–0.58 per m3/year. Overall, this study investigates the opportunity and economic feasibility of implementing new MAR projects and provides support to decision makers in Spain. The novel mapping provides valuable guidance for the future development of Managed Aquifer Recharge projects for water managers and practitioners.
Triazol-substituted titanocenes by strain-driven 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions
Authors: Gansäuer Andreas , Okkel Andreas , Schwach Lukas , Wagner Laura , Selig Anja , Prokop Aram
Published: July 2014

An operationally simple, convenient, and mild strategy for the synthesis of triazole-substituted titanocenes via strain-driven 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions between azide-functionalized titanocenes and cyclooctyne has been developed. It features the first synthesis of titanocenes containing azide groups. These compounds constitute ‘second-generation’ functionalized titanocene building blocks for further synthetic elaboration. Our synthesis is modular and large numbers of the complexes can in principle be prepared in short periods of time. Some of the triazole-substituted titanocenes display high cyctotoxic activity against BJAB cells. Comparison of the most active complexes allows the identification of structural features essential for biological activity.
Sobre la localización geográfica de la qarya andalusí de Sobuerva (Šuburbal) y otras cuestiones
Authors: Pérez-Aguilar Luis-Gethsemaní , Ruiz Prieto Enrique , Gómez Peña Álvaro , Rodríguez Mellado Jesús , Carvajal Mateos Gabriel
Published: July 2014

En este artículo se examina toda la documentación conocida para el estudio de la qarya de Sobuerva, citada en varias fuentes de época medieval y moderna. Diversos autores que nos antecedieron plantearon varias hipótesis sobre la ubicación de este lugar: Bormujos, Tomares y Guillena. En nuestro artículo intentamos desmontar tales propuestas para ofrecer una nueva tras haberse revisado una amalgama documental más rica y completa. Básicamente, nuestros argumentos pivotan sobre la lectura de importantes fuentes documentales, junto al uso de un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG). Este último responde a la necesidad de ir comprendiendo mejor la evolución territorial y fronteriza de una serie de actuales municipios del Aljarafe sevillano desde la Edad Media hasta la actualidad, siempre al calor de los datos históricos y arqueológicos disponibles. El resultado final nos lleva a plantear la ubicación del núcleo de la qarya de Sobuerva en el actual municipio de Mairena del Aljarafe.
Las Cortes de Cádiz: de la “felicidad pública” al “interés particular”. La crisis de la utopía ilustrada
Authors: Ocampo Suárez-Valdés Joaquín
Published: July 2014

La quiebra económica del Antiguo Régimen, la invasión francesa y el vacío de poder subsiguiente a las abdicaciones de Bayona, —junto a las revoluciones norteamericana y francesa, la difusión de la obra de A. Smith, o la crisis colonial—, definen la singular coyuntura y “oportunidad” histórica que preside la acción legislativa de las Cortes de Cádiz. En estas páginas, a partir de la propia documentación emanada de las Cortes y de los textos económicos coetáneos, se pretende valorar tanto el alcance del cambio institucional promovido, como el de las respuestas ofrecidas a los problemas económicos. En las Cortes de Cádiz el sujeto colectivo, encarnado en la soberanía nacional, tomará el relevo del “rey filósofo” como promotor de las reformas. La “utopía liberal” llegará a hacer creer a los parlamentarios gaditanos que el cambio institucional sería condición necesaria y suficiente para restaurar la economía. La legislación liberal, al marginar el mundo rural y los intereses industriales, nació sin los apoyos sociales capaces de garantizar la viabilidad de las reformas emprendidas.
Financiación y gestión de la repatriación de inmigrantes españoles entre 1907 y 1936
Authors: Gil Lázaro Alicia
Published: July 2014

En 1907 se aprobó la primera Ley de Emigración Española, cuyo artículo 46 establecía la obligatoriedad por parte de las compañías navieras
de repatriar, con pasajes a mitad de precio, a un máximo del veinte por ciento de los emigrantes que hubieran trasladado durante el trimestre anterior. El presente estudio explica el modo en que se efectuaron dichas repatriaciones, los supuestos legales y económicos que las hicieron posibles y los actores institucionales que intervinieron en el proceso. Para ello se ha consultado la correspondencia del Ministerio de Estado con la red de consulados y embajadas emplazada en países receptores de inmigración, así como con la naviera española más importante y con algunas instituciones privadas que asistían a los inmigrantes. El análisis de los cambios legales y organizativos habidos en el período comprendido entre 1907 y 1936 —lapso cronológico contemplado— se presenta en tres fases: 1907-1924, 1924-1931 y 1931-1936. Las repatriaciones se concentraron en momentos de crisis económicas, cuando el desempleo y la falta de recursos afectaron fuertemente a los mercados de trabajo de las comunidades migratorias. La vaguedad con que fue redactado del texto legal y el déficit crónico de recursos hicieron de la repatriación un recurso poco eficiente y escaso.
Crisis, Crisophilia, and Crisophilic
Authors: Beyazyüz Murat , Erçetin Şefika Şule , Albayrak Yakup
Published: July 2014

Today it is not possible to talk about the concept of a crisis as comfortably as we speak of the word crisis because the word carries with it a serious semiologic problem. Alongside this, almost all situations described as a crisis carry a number of common features and the results arising from these features, though trivial, are still possible to discuss. In this chapter, after a brief review of the term crisis' academic language status, common psychological characteristics carried by the social systems in crisis situations arising from situations of weakness are addressed. In crisis situations, the available individuals', communities' or societies' self-defense and protection mechanisms indicate inability of the available methods to solve problems. Furthermore, Crisophilia can be found in all cases related to social systems and in all stages of crisis in your living area. In order to create living space, crisophilia applies actions aimed at creating the crisis itself. Crisophyilic individuals or groups wait patiently for the system to fall into a state of crisis and the intervention made during the crisis in the system is viewed as saving the system, due to this a crisophyilic individual or group can also sometimes be seen as a hero. Because of the desperation in the system a crisophyilic individual or group is adopted in the system. Here in this case, the system itself opens its doors to crisophyilia.
Key Issues for Training the Leaders, Managers, and Planners who Join the Peacekeeping Operations and Working in Chaos Environment
Authors: Ateş Haydar
Published: July 2014

The importance of peacekeeping operations has been increasing for the last 65-70 years, especially after World War II (WWII). The main point for peacekeepers is to be ready to provent and/or solve the conflict in any part of the world. The UN, UN type peacekeeping organizations, and NGO's should be ready for these kinds of missions. The leaders, managers, and planners who join the peacemaking and peacekeeping operations must be educated and trained to be ready to work in chaos environment, ready for the mission and prepared to gain the confidence and support of the host nation. The first step is to analyze the region/country which has conflict. This chapter clarifies the important issues that must be taken care of in training peacekeeping leaders, managers, and planners. Peacekeeping leaders should have “peace-intelligence” to be effective while planning and conducting operation. This kind of leader may approach in proper way and can provide confidence of host nation and disputing parties to take the best result from the operation. One of the important parts of this issue is the lesson learned from other peacemaking and peacekeeping operations.
An Example of Chaos in the Desired Change of a Society in Literature
Authors: Arslan Mahmut Abdullah , Özbaş Mehmet
Published: July 2014

The Tanzimat Reform Movement aimed to give a new energy to a society which lost its confidence in life due to chaos. The expectation of the Ottoman society was to recover from this chaos. Influenced by Galip of Nicosia, Namik Kemal initially wrote classical poems of which form and content were old. After his acquaintance with Sinasi, he produced Western style works which were old in form but new in content. In his later works, both of these components were new. The subject matter of Intibah is simple and comes from social life. Intibah is regarded as the first literary novel of the Turkish literature written in Western novel technique including realistic depictions, places and psychological analyses. This chapter discusses the way the destruction of love, slavery, the women problem and imperfect aspects of family life in Ottoman society were handled by Namik Kemal. Both Namik Kemal and other modernists mentioned the problems but they could not offer deep solutions.
Molecular Dynamics of the Properties of Fluid Film Induced by Fluid-Solid Interaction Potential Strength in Wedge Nanochannel
Authors: Jia Yan , Qu Ping Ge
Published: July 2014

Molecular dynamics method is applied to study the influence of fluid-solid interaction potential on the properties of fluid film in wedge nanochannel. The pressure and density are studied for a variety of potential interaction strength between the liquid and the solid. The impact of potential interaction strength between the liquid and the solid on the pressure is limitation. The density alongydirection is affected by the potential interaction strength. As the potential interaction strength is weak, the density of liquids can be affected easily.
Three-Dimensional CFD Simulation for Water-Lubricated Guide Bearing of Large Tubular Pump
Authors: Xin Hua Rong , Zhang Ming Yue
Published: July 2014

A numerical simulation for flow field in water-lubricated guide bearing of large tubular pump is conducted by software Fluent, which shows the pressure distribution of water film with different rotating speeds and the rule of the influence of relevant parameters on the amount of lubricating water, dynamic and static characteristics of guide bearing.The result shows that the pressure distributions of water film at low and high speeds are very different, and with the obvious dynamic pressure effect, the bearing inner can be in a state of reflux and the water-lubricated amount and clearance are reduced. The load capacity and stiffness of guide bearing are increased along with the speed and water pressure increase meanwhile the amount of water is increased along with the speed lowering and the water pressure and clearance increase.
Topology Optimization Design of Pure Electric Unitized Body
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zhang Ying Chao , Jin Jing Mei , Guo Bo , Chi Ming , Zhang Xiao Long
Published: July 2014

According to the model devised by the design team of PACE Future Bus and the layout size of pure electric coaches in the market, we used CATIA to make a 3D model and made Topology optimization design by using HyperWorks. After that, we imposed loading according to specific conditions and made structural topology optimization and sized optimization design. Then we checked the coach skeleton beam element model and the strength of shell element model. Finally, the future bus frame was built completely.
Design and Performance Analysis of Compressor in Solid Propellant Air Turbo Rocket (SPATR)
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Jiang , He Guo Qiang , Li Shao Bin
Published: July 2014

The design and characteristic analysis of the single-stage centrifugal compressor were performed to meet the requirements of the integral performance of a certain solid propellant air turbo rocket (SPATR). Based on the limitation of the geometry and aerodynamic demands, the impeller and diffuser were designed and optimized by considering the disc friction loss and the flow quality. A theoretical approach was applied to evaluate feasibility and primary aerodynamic performance of the compressor. Focused on the operation performance of the compressor, the detailed flow structure in the compressor was investigated by using numerical simulation. The results show that the total pressure ratio and isentropic efficiency of the compressor in design point are 3.5 and 0.78 respectively, which meets the design demands. The compressor has excellent aerodynamic characteristics during the starting procedure or under the partial loading condition. The position of flow separation and the reason of flow loss are analyzed to conduct further optimization.
Numerical Prediction of Jet Noise from Nozzle Using Seventh-Order Dissipative Compact Scheme Satisfying Geometric Conservation Law
Authors: Jiang Yi , Mao Mei Liang , Deng Xiao Gang , Liu Hua Yong , Yan Zhen Guo
Published: July 2014

Jet noise from nozzle is predicted by seventh-order hybrid cell-edge and cell-node dissipative compact scheme (HDCS-E8T7). Turbulent flow, which has the main responsibility for the noise radiation, is simulated by a new high-order implicit large eddy simulation (HILES) based on the HDCS-E8T7. The conception of HILES is similar to that of monotone integrated LES (MILES), i.e., truncation error of the discretization scheme itself is employed to model the effects of unresolved scales. The Mach number in this case is 0.75 and the jet Reynolds number is . Sound pressure levels (SPL) in far-field observer locations are evaluated by Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) integral method. Predicted near-field flow statistics and far-field SPL are both in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data.
A Model for Predicting the Wear Degree of Electrode Tip
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Peng Xian , Xu Xiang Jian
Published: July 2014

A new method is put forward to predicting the degree of electrode tip wear based on a laser measurement and digital image of the surface joint indentation. First, in order to monitoring the degree of electrode tip wear, the decline altitudes of sphere ΔH that can indicate variation of electrode tip shape are measured by means of the laser measurement system. Second, through the correlation analysis between the parameters S0, S1, S, K1 reflecting digital image characteristic of joint indentation and the decline altitudes of sphere ΔH, S0, S, K1 are extracted as characteristic parameters of monitoring electrode tip wear. At last, a model of support vector machine (SVM) for predicting the degree of electrode tip wear is established between the parameters S0, S, K1 as the input vector and ΔH as the target vector. Test result shows, the correlation coefficient between model prediction and actual measured values are 0.9907. The prediction model can realize estimating the degree of electrode tip wear.
Mechanical Performance Prediction of Cold Rolled Ribbed Steel Bars Based on RBF Network with Dividing Variable Space According to Distance between Technological Variables
Authors: Xing Bang Sheng , Xu Le
Published: July 2014

This paper proposes a method of mechanical performance prediction of cold rolled steel based on RBF network with dividing variable space according to distance between technological variables. It builds a sample variable space partitioning model according to the distance between technological variable vectors. It also studies the performance prediction of cold rolled ribbed steel bars based on the 5-in & 1-out RBF network and the performance prediction of cold rolled ribbed steel bars based on the 5-in & 2-out RBF network. The results show that this method can reliably predict the mechanical performance of cold rolled ribbed steel bars, and the predictive effect of the 5-in & 1-out RBF network model based on dividing variable space according to distance between technological variables is superior to the 5-in & 2-out RBF network model.
Fault Diagnosis of Coal Electrical Shearer Based on Quantum Neural
Authors: Ma Xian Min , Xu Mei Hui
Published: July 2014

An improved quantum neural network model and its learning algorithm are proposed for fault diagnosis of the coal electrical haulage shearer in order to on line monitor working states of the large mining rotating machines. Based on traditional BP neural network, the three-layer quantum neural network is constructed to combine quantum calculation and neural network for the error correction learning algorithm. According to the information processing mode of the biology neuron and the quantum computing theory, the improved quantum neural network model has the ability of identifying uncertainty in fault data classifications and approximating the nonlinear function for different fault types to monitor the electrical motor voltage, current, temperature, shearer location, boom inclination, haulage speed and direction in the coal electrical cutting machines. The theory analysis and simulation experiment results show that the control performances and the safety reliability of the coal shearer are obviously improved, while the quantum neural network model is applied to the nonlinear feature fault diagnosis of the coal electrical haulage shearer.
The Singularity of Stress near the Tip of a Crack Perpendicular to an Elastically Mismatched Bimaterial Interface
Authors: Song Ming , Li Hao Yong , Li You Tang , Zheng Min
Published: July 2014

This Based on the elastic theory of a crack perpendicular to and terminating at bimaterial interface, a generalized expression of the stress intensity factor is provided for a crack in single material and a crack perpendicular to bimaterial interface, finite element methods are used to calculate the stress intensity factors. The influences of the material combination and crack length on the the stress intensity factors were investigated. Results show that when the crack terminates at bimaterial interface, singular order ofKIis different from that of single material, and the values ofKIincrease with increasingE1/E2andμ1/μ2.
Research and Design of Servo Electric Control System for Injection Mould Machine
Authors: Jiang Chong Ran , Xu Bin Shan , Zhai Hong Bo , Huo Yan Zhong
Published: July 2014

An automatic injection mould machine for servo electric control system was introduced to deal with the existing problem of the control system of hydraulic injection mould machine. With the industrial control computer, the embedded industrial control computer is used as Main Processing Unit, other four units which are ejection, measurement, mode-locked and ejector were controlled by servo motor computer, with the combination of the control structure of cascade system. With the transformation instruction of AC servo, the control was accurate, the quality of products were improved, the energy was saved and consumption was slowed down..
The Application of the Precision Electron Transmission Chain in the Rotary Screen Printing Machine
Authors: Shang Xin Juan , Lu Hong Rong
Published: July 2014

This paper introduces a high-precision, closed-loop and automatic checking marks synchronization control system based on STM32.It enhances the multi-axis motion accuracy as the goal synchronization control. The position synchronization arithmetic of cylinders and error compensation arithmetic for guide belt speed is to improve motion control accuracy of the synchronization between cylinders nodes, and realize absolute position synchronization control between cylinders. In the practical application, the system which will improve the grade of textile has simple structure ,low cost, highly accuracy and quickly dynamic response, and it has received satisfactory control effect. it is has the very high value of market popularization.
Effect of Axial Grooves on Eddy Current Loss within Giant Magnetostrictive Material (GMM) Rod
Authors: Si Chao Run , Zhang Xian Jie , Wang Jun Biao
Published: July 2014

The non-linear relationship between the magnetic field intensity and magnetostrictive strain which is caused by the thermal expansion produced by the eddy current loss in the GMM rod, will affect the precision and stability of GMM actuator. This paper tries to reduce the eddy current loss in the GMM rod to improve the performance of magnetostrictive actuator by machining radial grooves in the surface of the rod. The numerical results show that the axial grooves can be effective in reducing thermal power loss. The groove size and number are both optimized by numerical method. The results show that the groove depth and number has great impact on the unit volume eddy current loss while the groove width has little or no impact. The test of the magnetostrictive strain shows that the linearity of the GMM rod with grooves is significantly improved. The radial grooves in the GMM surface can reduce the eddy current loss and improve the performance of GMM actuator.
A Method of Rendezvous and Docking Based on the 6-DOF Parallel Mechanism in Subsea Environment
Authors: Hou Shu Ping , Wang Xiao Yan , Zhang Jian Nan
Published: July 2014

According to the condition of the docking of the oceanic space with low visibility,strong sea current and large declining attitude, the rendezvous and docking device based on the 6-DOF parallel mechanism is proposed. A method of the rendezvous and docking operation is discussed between subsea vehicle and deep-sea space station. The mathematic model of the docking device is established after analyzing the structural characteristics and operational principle of subsea vehicle docking device, the momentum of the docking device. In order to satisfy the need of the subsea docking, a moving path is brought forward for the docking device. The impacting analysis of the docking device is conducted under its docking trait, which shows that the docking device could achieve the rendezvous and docking in case of the serious condition in subsea environment.
Stress Analysis of an Annular Sector Semicircular Cross Section Vessel
Authors: Liu Qing Gang , Wang Jun , Yu Xin Qi , Guo Yan Shu , Peng Pei Ying
Published: July 2014

By using finite element software ANSYS, stress analysis was conducted to the annular sector semicircular cross section vessel which was made up of an annular sector plate, two semicircular plates and a semi-cylindrical with thicknesses of 20mm. The analysis results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the annular sector plate appears in the middle of the plate, and the maximum equivalent stress of the semicircular plate and the semi-cylindrical appear in the inner surface of the connections. The equivalent stress distribution trend of the annular sector plate, semicircular plates and the semi-cylindrical was obtained. Through these researches, the distribution trend of equivalent stress provided a reference for the design of the annular sector semicircular cross section vessel.
Multiscale Jensen-Shannon Divergence Based Analysis of Beta Wave Attention EEG
Authors: Zhang Zheng Xia , Xu Si Qiu , Zhou Er Ning , Huang Xiao Lin , Wang Jun
Published: July 2014

The article adopted the multiscale Jensen - Shannon Divergence analysis method for EEG complexity analysis, then the study found that this method can distinguish between three different status (Eyes closed, count, in a daze) acquisition of Beta EEG time series, shows three different states of Beta EEG time series have significant differences. In each state of the three different states (Eyes closed, count, in a daze),we are aimed at comparing and analyzing the statistical complexity of EEG time series itself and the statistical complexity of EEG time series shuffled data, finding that there are large amounts of nonlinear time series in the Beta EEG signals. This method is also fully proved that the multi-scale JSD algorithm can be used to analyze EEG signals, attention statistical complexity can be used as a measure of brain function parameter, which can be applied to the auxiliary clinical brain function evaluation in the future.
Position Regularized Core Vector Machines
Authors: Lu Shu Xia , Jiao Cai Hong , Tong Le , Zhou Yang Fan
Published: July 2014

Core Vector Machine (CVM) can be used to deal with large data sets by find minimum enclosing ball (MEB), but one drawback is that CVM is very sensitive to the outliers. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel Position Regularized Core Vector Machine (PCVM).In the proposed PCVM, the data points are regularized by assigning a position-based weighting. Experimental results on several benchmark data sets show that the performance of PCVM is much better than CVM.
Development of after Sales Service Strategies for the Manufacturing Firm
Authors: Malarkannan B. , Murali S. , Muralidharan C. , Pugazhendhi S.
Published: July 2014

The last few decades have seen a growing trend toward aggressive global competition, increased marketplace demands, and accelerated technological changes. These developments are forcing organizations to take a closer look at their marketing channel strategy including addressing the issue of how to distribute their products and offer associated after-sales service support. A SWOT analysis, standing for analyzing company strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, helps small businesses optimize their after sales service performance. To ensure the successful implementation of the best strategy, here raises a critical issue of how firms can better evaluate and select a best strategy before implementation. In this study, a framework is proposed to address the inner dependence relations of SWOT factors and sub factors with the aid of analytical network process (ANP). Finally the recommendations are presented to improve the performance of after sales service operations of the home appliances business firm.
VED & ABC Analysis of Inventories for a Wind Turbine Company
Authors: Kumar P. , John Rajan A. , Balan K.N.
Published: July 2014

The life in our body is as long the blood is flowing, the moment the circulation of blood is stopped (stagnant) the body becomes dead. The message is anything stagnant become dead or useless. The same mantra of the business organization also. In an organization the larger portion of the current assets is inventories. As long as the inventories are converted to finished goods and the cash realization is happening without any delay with the prescribed time frame the organization is moving forward. The movement the inventories are stagnated for a long period the inventory cost will kill the organization. There are many different inventories controlling techniques are used by different company depending upon their situation. Mainly automotive, FMCG, Pharmaceuticals companies adopted many different techniques. I have not come across any such research paper for wind turbine companies. The objective of this paper is to study the entire raw material inventory of a wind turbine company and give the solution for the optimization of inventory.The organization where I did the study is an assembly of Nacelle, Hub, and manufacturing of Blade. All other components are outsourced. The entire inventory system to be studied, and establish the ABC & VED analysis and merge both VED& ABC matrix analysis, Establish critical inventories to be focused by the top management for optimization of inventories. Such study will give a major focus by the management and control the inventories based on sales order and project installation. This will give major benefit to the organization.
Response of Composite Leaf Springs to Low Velocity Impact Loading
Authors: Rajesh S. , Bhaskar G.B.
Published: July 2014

Leaf springs are the traditional suspension elements, occupying a vital position in the automobile industry. This paper deals us the replacement of existing steel leaf spring by composite leaf spring. The dimensions of existing middle steel leaf spring of commercial vehicle (Tata ace mini truck) were taken and fabricated using a specially designed die. Single leaf of the suspension springs, each made up composite with bidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), bidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and hybrid glass-carbon fiber reinforced plastic (G-CFRP), was fabricated by hand layup process. It is to be mentioned here that the cross sectional area of the composite spring same as the metallic spring. A low velocity impact test rig was fabricated in the laboratory with loading set up. The composite leaf springs were tested with the low velocity impact test rig. By using the low velocity impact test rig, the deflection due to various drop height were measured.
Reinforcing Effect of Montmorillonite Nanoclay on Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites
Authors: Venkatesan N. , Bhaskar G.B. , Pazhanivel Kaliyaperumal , Poyyathappan K.
Published: July 2014

In recent years, many researches focused on the polymer materials to study the characteristics and to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites in order to understand the factors which lead to the desired dispersion of nanoclay in the polymer matrix. The samples used in this work were prepared through melt compounding, using high-density polyethylene and organo-modified clay of montmorillonite (MMT). During manufacturing of MMT/HDPE nanocomposites, a silane modifier and polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (compatibilizer) were added to get good surface finish and to act as bonding agent respectively. In addition, the compatibilizer will help in attaining better intercalation. Using a Plastograph-Mixer through twin-screw extruder, the high density polyethylene and different weight percentages (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 wt. %) of MMT are mixed and subsequently the composite is produced in the form of solid material. ASTM standard specimens for various tests are produced using injection molding machine with respective dies. The prepared experimental specimens for various tests like tensile, flexural, impact and shore-hardness are tested for its respective strengths. From this investigation, it is concluded that the addition of MMT nanoclay in HDPE has significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the composites.
Comparative Investigations on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic and Blended Graphene-Oxide Hybrid Thermoplastic Nanocomposites
Authors: Geetha R. , Jawahar Paulraj
Published: July 2014

Glass filled nylon composites (GFN) and hybrid graphene oxide reinforced glass filled Nylon nanocomposites (GO-GFN) are prepared by blending the required base materials in injection molding machine at processing temperature of 275°C. The specimens prepared are subjected to various mechanical property tests to reveal their hardness, tensile strength and flexural strength. The wear discs of GFN and GO-GFN composites as per ASTM standard are injection molded to analyze the tribological properties using pin on disc tribometer. The pin used is EN 8 Tool steel. The Coefficient of friction for the GFN composites for the wear load of 10 N is 0.28. Addition of 0.003 wt% GO to the GFN system has decreased the coefficient of friction significantly to the value of 0.12. The decrease in C.O.F was correlated with the adhesion film formation in the pin surface. This work confirms the improvement in wear resistance of GO-GFN system which is attributed by the presence of graphene oxide only.
Comparison of Materials for Universal Tractor Connecting Rod Using Ansys Software
Authors: Patel Ritesh Kumar , Angra Surjit , Mittal Vinod Kumar
Published: July 2014

Connecting rod is one of the most important components of an internal combustion engine and transfers motion from the piston to the crankshaft and function as a lever arm. Existing connecting rod is manufactured by using C-70 alloy steel. In the current study, connecting rod is replaced by E-glass/Epoxy composite material for universal tractor. The static strength of connecting rod is analyzed in detail and the maximum stress is found. Some improvement methods are also provided for the material selection of connecting rod. Connecting rod is modeled in CATIA V5 software and it is imported in ANSYS 14 workbench for analysis. The main objective of this study is to perform the static analysis of universal tractor connecting rod to find out its static strength using ANSYS 14 workbench. Finite element analysis is done by considering composite materials. The best combination of parameters like Von mises stress, deformation and weight reduction for connecting rod is carried out.
Controller Design for Convoluted Air Spring System Controlled Suspension
Authors: Sathishkumar Palanisamy , Jancirani Jeyaraj , Dennie John , Arun B.
Published: July 2014

This paper focuses on the analysis and controlling automotive vibration using semi-active air spring suspension system by implementing fuzzy and Proportional-Integral derivative (PID) controllers for light vehicles. Due to low transmissibility coefficients and their ability to varying the force generated depends on load capacities the air spring is modelled as an actuator. The dynamic behavior of semi active actuator controlled is contrasted with passive suspension under single bump, double bump and random road profile. The performance of air spring controlled suspension has been investigated. Results show that the fuzzy controller gives optimized results.
Design, Modeling and Analysis of a Gear Pump for Dispensing Application
Authors: Hemanth R.
Published: July 2014

Gear pumps are the most efficient positive displacement pumps that are being used in very high precision metering application and also with the cost of production of these pumps almost cut by a 25% to the conventional pumps, the external gear pumps have been a clear choice for the dispensing application in various industries. The design and modelling the concepts have been formulated using SOLIDWORKS modelling software and pump is aimed at delivering 20 bar of high fructose sugar syrup which will yield the required volume flow rate. Available technology was utilized in the design and fabrication of the external gear pump.[1] The design considerations and the relevant theories will affect the performance of the pump. The major factor in the pump being the nozzles that are being changed and what are the critical areas have validated using ABAQUS software.
Effective Design Analysis of Fixture Development for Stitching a Sandwich Panels in an Aerospace Application
Authors: Santhanakrishnan R. , Stanley Darius , Sanjeeviraja Thangavel , Stanley A. Joseph
Published: July 2014

In recent years, sandwich structures have been considered as viable engineering constructions. The use of composite structures in aerospace and civil structural applications have been increasing especially due to their extremely low weight that leads to reduction in the total weight , high flexural and corrosion resistance in addition to higher transverse shear stiffness. Various combinations of core and face sheet thickness have been evaluated by many researchers worldwide. This study evaluates the aspects of putting the face sheets and core together through stitching and studies the effects and effectiveness of stitching. This paper mainly deals with design of fixture used to stitching sandwich panels, which helps to stitch different file orientations such as 900, 450, 900/450/900 and 900/450. Keywords: Sandwich Panels, Composite Materials, Design of Fixture, Stitching panels, and Stitched Foam Structure
Fabrication and Testing of FRP Open Coil Springs
Authors: Arularasan R. , Sabapathy Y.K.
Published: July 2014

Increasing competition and innovation in automobile sector tends to modify the existing products or replace old products by new and advanced material products. A suspension system of vehicle is also an area where these innovations are carried out regularly. Now days the automobile Industry has shown much interest in using Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) components replacing conventional steel components due to its “high strength to low weight” ratio. Therefore replacement the steel open coil suspension springs (in heavy automobiles) with Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) open coil springs with the main aim to reduce its weight and thereby reduce the fuel consumption to some extent. A semi mechanized pultrusion process (E –Glass and Epoxy Resin) and braiding process is selected for fabricating the GFRP open coil springs. It is then tested in lab to study some of the variable parameters. Keywords: Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) , Coil spring , Pultrusion
Failure Analysis of Diesel Engine Exhaust Valve by Using Ansys Software
Authors: Yadav Manoj Kumar , Mittal Vinod Kumar , Angra Surjit
Published: July 2014

The failure of valve affects the engine performance and as a result importance is given to the failure analysis of internal combustion engine valves. The valve may fail by valve face recession, wear failure, fatigue failure, thermal fatigue, erosion / corrosion of valves, overheating of valves and carbon deposits on valves. Mostly valves fail due to high pressure and temperature. This paper presents a failure analysis of diesel engine exhaust valve used in a passenger car. The analyzed exhaust valve failed after a very short period of usage of the car. To determine the cause of failure stress analysis is carried out by finite element method which shows the highly stressed region on the valve. A proper CAD model is developed by using CATIA software and saved in 'iges' format. It is then imported into ANSYS 14 software which gives the von mises stress, strain and deformation. The stress analysis shows that maximum stress is developed near the head of valve when piston crashed to the valve and material analysis shows that the strength of valve decreases due to decarburization of material and as a result the valve was bent.
Improving the Convergence Rate of a Timoshenko Beam Element under Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Narayanan Nikhil , Thyla P.R.
Published: July 2014

The deflection and natural frequency of a 3 – Dimensional Timoshenko Beam (TB) is analyzed using Finite Element (FE) method. Significant improvement in computational time can be obtained when new shape functions are used. The results obtained from existing software packages and the new FE model are compared and good improvement is observed.
Kinematic Analysis of Rectangular Path Generating Adjustable Four-Bar Linkage
Authors: Ganesan G. , Sekar M.
Published: July 2014

This paper focuses on the kinematic analysis of rectangular path generating adjustable four-bar crank rocker linkage. One of the ground pivots of rocker side of the adjustable mechanism is subjected to continuous adjustment while the crank arm is given uniform angular velocity. Variations of coupler and rocker position, velocity and acceleration are computed for continuously changing phases of the adjustable four bar linkage. These kinematic parameters are compared with non-adjustable four-bar mechanism. Effect of the continuous adjustment on transmission angle and torque ratio are presented. The above procedures are implemented successfully in MATLAB environment and graphical results are presented.
Numerical Analysis of Wells Turbine
Authors: Premkumar T. Micha , Ashish M.A. , Banu Prakash T. , Thulasiram D.
Published: July 2014

In this paper numerical simulation is carried out using commercially available tool Fluent® to predict the performance of a Wells turbine in an oscillating water column wave energy convertor. A wells turbine is the turbo machinery that rotates in same direction as the air flow through the turbine in either axial direction. The main aim of this investigation is to predict complex flow mechanism like separation and recirculation around the turbine blades and subsequently reduction in torque coefficient at higher flow rate. Numerical simulations have been executed by solving the RANS equations together with k-w SST turbulence model. Then a detailed description of flow and overall performance analysis at different flow rate is presented in this paper.
Numerical and Experimental Crashworthiness Determination of Aluminum Tube Sections
Authors: Kumar S. Suresh , Murugappan S. , Manikanda Balaji V.
Published: July 2014

Generally, vehicle safety is a vital issue in the field of automobile industry. Ensuring the safety of passengers is one of the prime challenges for vehicle design engineers. Automobile safety can be determined from the ability of vehicle structure and its internal support systems to protect the occupants from injuries during an accident. In the present work an attempt has been made to determine the dynamic crash characteristics of hollow aluminum tubes for various impact velocities using numerical technique. Aluminum tubes with diagonal ribs were modeled with and without considering the presence of cracks. Surface cut outs were introduced to verify their influence on energy absorption. One of the important crash parameter peak force experienced by the tubes with rib is compared with tubes without rib. Reduced peak force was observed for the tubes with ribs compared to the ones without ribs, which indicates higher energy absorbing capacity of the tube with the presence of ribs. Significant increase in initial peak force (RF) was noticed with increase of impact velocity. Higher impact energy absorption was noted for a structure with the presence of slit. Experiments were conducted on ribbed hollow tubes and specimens with through hole at the center of the specimen. Results indicate that, ribbed specimens provide significant reduction of peak force compared to bare specimen.
Numerical Simulation of a Three Bladed Marine Propeller in Steady and Unsteady State
Authors: Prakash N. , Muthuvel A. , Roychowdhury D.G.
Published: July 2014

In this paper the numerical analysis for an unstructured polyhedral 3bladed un-skewed propeller in steady and transient analysis is discussed and the results are compared with the experimental data. A moving reference frame method is adopted by creating an interface between the propeller and the domain for the rotation of the propeller. The hydrodynamic coefficients such as Thrust coefficient (Kt), Torque coefficient (Kq), circumferentially averaged axial, radial and tangential velocity are compared with the experimental data. The computational time for each simulation is compared and concluded that marine propellers consume less computational time in the steady analysis when compared with the unsteady analysis.
Parametric Study of Satellite Reflectors Used for Space Craft Applications
Authors: Donthi Srijith S. , Raja Rajan A. , Mayuri B.
Published: July 2014

Parametric study of satellite reflectors mainly involves selection, creation of geometry of antenna dish and stiffeners, material selection for antenna dish and stiffeners and analysis. Creation of geometry is done by standard modeling software, conversion of solid model into a Finite Element (FE) model and analysis of the same by using a standard Finite Element Method (FEM) tool.
Pivot Steering Based Omnidirectional Mobile Platform
Authors: Achuthan P. , Balu E. , Ravishankar A. , Venugopal S.
Published: July 2014

Synchro drive uses chain sprocket mechanism to drive three wheels at vertex of triangular chaises and has limited load bearing capacities due to asymmetry. The driving and steering motors fixed near to the vertex of the triangular chassis and wear in chains over a period of time results in increased dead reckoning. The concept of simple pivot based mobile platform using two drives overcasts a conventional synchro drive omnidirectional mobile platform in many aspects .This mobile platform has symmetric chassis with six wheels that makes platform stable irrespective of any configuration. Gear trains to steer the four corner wheels in tandem with pivot wheel adds omnidirectional feature along with increased load bearing capacities and reduced dead reckoning. This paper highlights the concept of pivot steer based omnidirectional mobile platform.