bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ramularia carneola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia carneola
, which sometimes causes severe damage to
Scrophularia
leaves. Some information is given on its interactions and habitats, economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status, along with its geographical distribution (USA (Arizona, Utah), Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK) and hosts (
Scrophularia aestivalis, S. altaica, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. bosniaca, S. divaricata, S. heucheriaeflora, S. ilvensis, S. incisa, S. lanceolata, S. laterifolia, S. nodosa, S. parviflora, S. ruprechtii, S. scopolii, S. scorodonia, S. umbrosa, S. variegata, S. vernalis
and
Scrophularia
sp.).
Cladosporium galii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cladosporium galii
, which sometimes causes severe damage to
Galium
leaves. Some information on its interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with its geographical distribution (Poland and Ukraine) and hosts (
Galium odoratum
and
G. physsocarpum
).
Fusicladium lysimachiae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Fusicladium lysimachiae
, which sometimes causes severe damage to
Lysimachia
leaves. Some information on its interactions and habitats, economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with its geographical distribution (USA (Massachusssetts, Wisconsin) and Ukraine) and hosts (
Lysimachia terrestris
and
L. vulgaris
).
Anthracoidea humilis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Denchev C. M. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Anthracoidea humilis
, an ovariicolous smut of
Carex
species causing destruction of ovaries. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia: Russia (Far East, Kamchatka region, Okhotsk region), Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland) and hosts (
Carex humilis, C. pediformis, C. rhizina
subsp.
reventa
(
C. reventa
)).
Arcyria denudata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Krivomaz T. I. , Michaud A. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Arcyria denudata
, which is usually found on dead wood, bark, fallen leaves and other substrata. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, economic impacts, infraspecific variation, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Algeria, Angola, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Morocco, Reunion, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Canada [Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec], USA [Alaska, Arkansas, California, Hawaii, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, Washington and West Virginia], Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil [Ceara, Goias, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Sao Paulo], Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, China, Republic of Georgia, India [Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal], Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Korea Republic, Taiwan, Turkey, Sri Lanka, Australia [Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia], New Zealand, Antigua and Barbuda, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Irish Republic, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, French Polynesia, Marshall Islands, Samoa and Vanuatu).
Hemitrichia clavata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Krivomaz T. I. , Michaud A. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Hemitrichia clavata
, found on dead wood and bark. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Algeria, Congo Democratic Republic, Kenya, Morocco, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, Nicaragua, Panama, Canada [Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec], Mexico, USA [Alaska, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin], Argentina, Brazil [Goias and Santa Catarina], Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Armenia, Bangladesh, China [Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang], Republic of Georgia, India [Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal], Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Singapore, Korea Republic, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Australia, New Zealand, United States Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Vatican City and Vanuatu).
Leucostoma auerswaldii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Leucostoma auerswaldii
, found on dead twigs of northern hemisphere temperate woody plants. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, economic impacts, infraspecific variation, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA [California, Idaho, New York, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington and Wyoming], China, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine and UK).
Valsella diatrypa
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Valsella diatrypa
(syn.
Valsa ambiens
), found on branches of
Alnus
sp. and other woody plants. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, infraspecific variation, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Japan, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Sweden, Ukraine and UK).
Valsella rosae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Valsella rosae
, found on dead branches and twigs of
Rosa
spp. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Republic of Georgia, Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Germany, Spain and Ukraine).
Choanatiara lunata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Choanatiara lunata
, found on
Pinus
sp. needles. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada [Ontario and Quebec], Finland and Ukraine).
Triblidium octosporum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Triblidium octosporum
, a fungus known only from a single collection where it was growing, perhaps as a parasite, on a lichen on
Fraxinus excelsior
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (UK)).
Tympanopsis confertula
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Tympanopsis confertula
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (South Africa), North America (USA (Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee)), Asia (China Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, Pakistan, Russia (Khabarovsk kari), Europe (Belgium, France, Netherlands, Spain, UK)). This species has been reported as a saprobe on woody parts of various trees and a parasite on other fungi occurring on the same substratum, particularly on
Hypoxylon rubiginosum
.
Hymenoscyphus albidus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Hymenoscyphus albidus
, an endosymbiont presumed but not yet confirmed to be non-pathogenic; later becoming saprobic and fruiting on dead petioles of
Fraxinus
species which have fallen. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Georgia, India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand), Japan, Nepal), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
Corynespora olivacea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Corynespora olivacea
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, associated organisms (including
Tilia
sp.), and conservation status is given, along with details of its habitat and geographical distribution (Asia (Armenia and Turkey), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and UK), North America (Canada, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec), USA (Massachusetts, Mechigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia)). Conidiomata of this species are produced on dead leaves and woody parts, but there is no information about colonization or relations with the colonized tissues.
Exosporium tiliae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Exosporium tiliae
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, associated organisms (including
Tilia
sp.), and conservation status is given, along with details of its habitat and geographical distribution: Asia (Armenia and Georgia), India (Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh), Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia (Amur oblast, Khabarovsk krai and Primorsky krai), Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Leninggradskaya oblast, Republic of Karelia and Tambov oblast), Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, North America: Canada (Ontario and Quebec), USA (Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia and Wisconsin). Conidia of this species are produced on dead woody material, but there in no information about colonization or relations with the colonized tissues.
Lamproconium desmazieresii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lamproconium desmazierii
, a saprobe on woody parts of
Tilia
sp. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its habitat and geographical distribution: Asia (Georgia), Europe: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Russia (Leningradskaya oblast), UK and Ukraine. No reliable reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Ophiognomonia melanostyla
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ophiognomonia melanostyla
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, associated organisms (including
Tilia
sp.), and conservation status is given, along with details of its habitat and geographical distribution: Asia (Russia), Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, North America: Canada (Ontario), USA (New York and Pennsylvania). Ascomata of this species are produced on dead leaves, but nothing is known of how or when those leaves are colonized. No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Passalora microsora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Passalora microsora
. This species is typically found as conidiomata and, perhaps less frequently, ascomata on living and dying leaves of
Tilia
species. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its habitat and geographical distribution: Asia: China, Georgia, Iran, Japan, Russia (Altai krai, Amurskaya oblast, Kemerovo oblast, Krasnoyarsk krai, Novosibirsk oblast, Primorskyi krai and Tomsk oblast), Australasia: Australia (New South Wales), Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Orel' oblast, Perm oblast, Smolensk oblast, Tambov oblast and Tula oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, UK and Ukraine, North America: Canada (Ontario and Quebec), USA: Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, Washington DC and Wisconsin, South America: Chile.
Afroboletus luteolus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Sharp C. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Afroboletus luteolus
, which if mycorrhizal, is likely to be an important component of miombo ecosystems, sustaining woodland though enhanced uptake of minerals from nutrient-poor soils and by providing protection from desiccation. This species is eaten in Burundi and in the Central Province of Togo, but not in Malawi, where the Chewa and Yao people consider it inedible in their folk-classifications of nature based on the utility of each organism. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, associated organisms and subtrata, habitats, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe)). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Mycoamaranthus congolensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Sharp C. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Mycoamaranthus congolensis
, which as a likely mycorrhizal species, this fungus and the ecosystem services it provides are important in sustaining miombo woodland through enhanced uptake of minerals from nutrient-poor soils and by providing protection from desiccation. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Benin, Burundi, Zambia, Zimbabwe)). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Russula congoana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Sharp C. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Russula congoana
, which as a likely mycorrhizal species, this fungus and the ecosystem services it provides are important in sustaining miombo woodland through enhanced uptake of minerals from nutrient-poor soils and by providing protection from desiccation. This species was included in a key to more than 100 edible mushrooms of tropical Africa, based on macroscopic characters. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Mozambique, Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Togo, Zimbabwe) and Asia (India, Kerala, Uttarakhand)). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Strobilomyces echinatus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Sharp C. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Strobilomyces echinatus
, which as a likely mycorrhizal species, this fungus and the ecosystem services it provides are important in sustaining miombo woodland through enhanced uptake of minerals from nutrient-poor soils and by providing protection from desiccation. In Burundi, basidiomata of this species are collected from the wild for human consumption. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe)). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Cercosporella coronillae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cercosporella coronillae
, a fungus parasitic on leaves of
Securigena varia
(the only known host plant), which is a low-growing vine-like perennial plant forming dense thickets in open disturbed areas such as fields and roadsides. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Armenia and Georgia) and Europe (Austria, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Lipetsk oblast and Tambov oblast), Serbia, Sweden, Ukraine and former Yugoslavia)).
Ramularia chaerophylli
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia chaerophylli
, a hemibiotoph causing a mild leaf spot and some wilting of living leaves. Some information on its associated organisms, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Georgia, Russia (Altai krai and Novosibirsk oblast), South Korea and Uzbekistan) and Europe (Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia (Ivanovo oblast, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Leningradskaya oblast, Moscow oblast, Republic of Karelia, Stavropol krai, Vladimir oblast and Voronezh oblast), Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine and former Yugoslavia)) and hosts (including
Chaerophyllum hirsutum
).
Amoenomyces catenosporus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Amoenomyces catenosporus
, a saprobe on dead and decaying bark and branches of
Coccoloba uvifera
, a plant native to coasts in the Caribbean and surrounding areas, and introduced to other tropical and subtropical islands. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Atlantic Ocean (Spain, Islas Canarias) and Caribbean (Cuba)).
Briansuttonia alternarioides
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Briansuttonia alternarioides
. This fungus is associated with necrotic lesions of phyllodes of
Acacia
species, but nothing further is known about its relations with the associated plants. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Australasia (Australia, Victoria)).
Trichoglossum hirsutum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Trichoglossum hirsutum
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Cameroon, Congo Democratic Republic, Ghana, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Tanzania), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec)), Mexico, USA (California, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin), Central America (Costa Rica and Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Goias, Parana, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul), Chile, Ecuador and Venezuela), Asia (China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang), Georgia, India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand), Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Russia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Turkey), Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda, Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (Australia (Victoria) and New Zealand), Caribbean (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK), Indian Ocean (Mauritius), and Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia)). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Trichoglossum rasum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Trichoglossum rasum
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Central America (Panama), South America (Venezuela (Amazonas)), Asia (China (Yunnan), India (Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand), Malaysia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda), Caribbean (Cuba and Jamaica), Europe (UK), Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia and USA (Hawaii))). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Trichoglossum walteri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Trichoglossum walteri
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Ontario and Quebec), Mexico and USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Virginia)), Central America (Costa Rica), South America (Argentina and Brazil), Asia (China, Sichuan, Tibet, India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and West Bengal), Japan, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Korea Republic), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Azores)), Australasia (Australia (Victoria), New Zealand and Norfolk Island), Caribbean (Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and UK), Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia)). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Polyschema venustum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Polyschema venustum
, which is known only from the decaying leaf of an unknown plant. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Cuba) and associated organisms (Plantae).
Solicorynespora zapatensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Solicorynespora zapatensis
, which is known only from the fallen leaves of
Nectandra coriacea
. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Cuba) and associated organism (
N. coriacea
).
Arthopyrenia cerasi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Aguirre-Hudson B. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Arthopyrenia cerasi
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Morocco, Canada (British Columbia), USA (California, Iowa, Nebraska, New York and Washington), Colombia, Ecuador (Galapagos Islands), Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Russia (Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai and Novosibirsk Oblast), Vietnam, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Komi Republic), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK) and hosts (
Prunus
sp.,
Abies
sp.,
Alnus rubra, Alnus
sp.,
Corylus avellana
,
Malacothamnus fasciculatus, Populus tremula, Populus
sp.,
Prunus domestica, Quercus pubescens, Q. rubra, Quercus
sp. and
Salix
sp.).
Cyrtidula quercus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Aguirre-Hudson B. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cyrtidula quercus
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (Missouri and Washington), Japan, Australia (Western Australia), Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and Yugoslavia) and hosts (
Quercus
sp.,
Alnus glutinosa, Betula
sp.,
Corylus avellana, Corylus
sp.,
Crataegus
sp.,
Ilex aquifolium, Phellodendron amurense, Populus
sp.,
Quercus garyana, Q. petraea, Q, robur
and
Trentepohlia
sp.).
Leptorhaphis epidermidis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Aguirre-Hudson B. , Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Leptorhaphis epidermidis
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Morocco, Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Prince Edward Island and Quebec), USA (Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin, Wyoming and Vermont), India (Tamil Nadu), Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia (Altai Krai, Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Novosibirsk Oblast, Republic of Khakassia, Tomsk Oblast, Tuva Republic, Yakutia and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Oblast), former USSR, New Zealand, United States Virgin Islands, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Chuvash Republic, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Tatarstan and Tver Oblast), Slovakia, Spain, sSweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK), hosts (
Betula pubescens, Acer saccharinum, Acer
sp.,
Betula alleghaniensis, B. papyrifera, B. pendula, B. populifolia, B. pubescens
var.
glabrata, Betula
sp.,
Carya aquatica, Carya
sp.,
Fraxinus nigra, Ilex decidua, Pinus strobiformis, Platanus racemosa, Populus alba, Populus tremula, Populus
sp.,
Salix nigra, Tecoma
sp. and
Viburnum
sp.) and associated organisms (
Lecania naegelii, Lecanora hagenii, Scoliciosporum sarothamni
and
Trentepohlia
sp.).
Naetrocymbe nitescens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Aguirre-Hudson B. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Naetrocymbe nitescens
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (France, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Irish Republic, Norway, Poland, Spain and UK), hosts (
Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Ilex aquifolium, Quercus
sp. and
Sorbus
sp.) and associated organisms (
Arthonia cinnabarina, Arthonia elegans, Arthopyrenia salicis, Arthopyrenia viridescens, Arthonia ilicina, Arthothelium macounii, Graphis scripta, Lecanora chlarotera, Mycomicrothelia confusa, Pertusaria leioplaca, Pyrenula laevigata, Pyrenula neglecta, Thelotrema
sp. and
Trentepohlia
sp.).
Tomasellia gelatinosa
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Aguirre-Hudson B. , Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Tomasellia gelatinosa
, found on the bark of
Corylus avellana
and
Alnus glutinosa
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador), USA (Florida and Maine), Iran, Korea Republic, Portugal (Azores), Spain (Canary Islands), Australia (New South Wales), Puerto Rico, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden and UK), hosts (
Alnus
sp.,
Abies concolor, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana
subsp.
rugosa, Betula
sp.,
Corylus avellana, Corylus
sp.,
Ficus carica, Fraxinus ornus, Populus tremula, Populus
sp.,
Prunus padus, Quercus petraea, Sorbus aucuparia, Ulmus
sp. and
Vitex agnus-castus
) and associated organisms (
Arthonia
sp. and
Graphis scripta
).
Ramularia ajugae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia ajugae
, a plant parasite, apparently obligately associated with its host plants, causing a leafspot disease, with records on living, dying and dead leaves. This species has been recorded with its host plants from deciduous woodland, mixed plantations, bare ground in alder swamps, on rocks by stream, in parkland, on moorland, and in fens and farmlard. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Kenya, South Africa)), North America (USA (Massachusetts, Ohio)), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, China (Guangxi), Georgia, India (Himachal Pradesh), Australasia (Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Kirov oblast, Lipetsk oblast), Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)) and hosts (including
Ajuga
spp.). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Ramularia oreophila
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia oreophila
, a plant parasite, apparently obligately associated with its host plants, causing a leafspot disease, with records on living, dying and dead leaves. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Washington)), Asia (Georgia), Europe (Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine)) and hosts (including
Astrantia
spp.).
Ramularia ovata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Ramularia ovata
[
Ovularia ovata
], a plant parasite, apparently obligately associated with its host plants, causing a leafspot disease, with records on living, dying and dead leaves. This species has been recorded along with its associated plants from woodland and from formal botanical gardens. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (California)), Asia (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia (Krasnodar Krai, Kursk oblast, Lipetsk oblast, Oryol oblast, Penza oblast, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Dagestan, Ryazan oblast, Stavropol Krai, Tambov oblast, Voronezh oblast), Slovakia, former Soviet Union, Ukraine UK)) and hosts (including medicinal herbs of the Lamiaceae, such as
Salvia
spp.). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Gibbera vaccinii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Gibbera vaccinii
, apparently causing a disease on leaves and stems of
Vaccinium
species, with records from natural, semi-natural and planted conifer forests, moorland, bogs and, probably, other places where the associated plants occur. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Alaska, Washington)), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Russia (Smolensk oblast), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)) and hosts (
Vaccinium
spp.).
Protoventuria elegantula
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Protoventuria elegantula
(
Gibbera elegantula
). This species is apparently very mildly parasitic, found initially on living leaves, but not forming lesions, later on moribund, then dead fallen leaves, also on dead fruits. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (British Columbia), USA (Washington)), Europe (Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)) and hosts (
Vaccinium
spp.). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Protoventuria major
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Protoventuria major
, which is apparently parasitic, initially on living leaves, sometimes forming leaf spots, later on dead branches, leaves and bud scales. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Quebec)), Europe (Finland, Norway, Romania, Sweden, UK)) and hosts (including
Arctostaphylos
). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Protoventuria ramicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Protoventuria ramicola
(
Gibbera ramicola
), which is generally a saprobe on dead stems and twigs, but sometimes a mild parasite occasionally forming small lesions. Some information on its habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Spain, Sweden, UK)) and hosts (including
Vaccinium
spp.). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.
Lasiosphaeria ovina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lasiosphaeria ovina
. There are records of this species on living branches and leaves, dead leaves, bark, branches, twigs, periderm and wood (often decorticated and very decayed or wet). Some information on its habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa and Uganda), Central America (Costa Rica and Panama), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario and Quebec)), USA (Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin)), South America (Argentina, Brazil (Goiás and Sao Paulo) and Chile), Asia (Georgia Republic, India (Maharashtra), Japan, Kazakhstan (Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya), Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia (Kamchatka) and Turkey), Australasia (Australia (Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia) and New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK) and associated organisms and subtrata.
Lasiosphaeris hirsuta
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Lasiosphaeris hirsuta
, which is apparently saprobic on dead bark, leaves and wood (often decorticated and/or rotten). Some information on its habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Central America (Costa Rica), North America (Canada (Alberta, Ontario and Quebec), USA (Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Vermont and Wisconsin)), South America (Brazil and Chile), Asia (China (Qinghai and Zhejiang), Georgia Republic, India (Himachal Pradesh), Japan, Kazakhstan (Almati region and East Kazakhstan region), Korea Republic, Pakistan and Sri Lanka), Australasia (Australia (Victoria) and New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Pskov oblast), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine and UK)) and associated organisms and substrata.
Tubeufia parvula
.
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Tubeufia parvula
, found mainly on dead attached and fallen leaves, and dead stems and flowers of
Ammophila
, a grass of coastal sand ecosystems. Nothing is known about when it colonizes the substratum, but it is saprobic by the time ascomata are produced. Some information on its habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Sweden, UK)).
Arthrinium cuspidatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Arthrinium cuspidatum
, typically an inhabitant of dead herbaceous leaves and stems, but also encountered as an endobiont. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (South Africa), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Saskatchewan), USA (California, New Hampshire, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming)), Asia (India (Telangana), Kazakhstan (Alma Aty Oblast), Russia (Kamchatka Krai), Uzbekistan), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Russia (Leningrad Oblast, Pskov Oblast), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
Arthrinium morthieri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Arthrinium morthieri
, which is usually observed on dead, often dry, rotting leaves and leaf sheaths. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Turkey), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)).
Marthamyces emarginatus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Marthamyces emarginatus
, found on dead fallen leaves of Myrtaceae. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission, interactions and habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa, USA (California, Florida, Hawaii), Argentina, Brazil (Espirito Santo, Maranhao, Minas Gerais, Para, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo), India (Kerala), Spain (Canary Islands), Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria), New Zealand, UK and Cook Islands) and hosts (Myrtaceae).
Myriophacidium quercinum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Myriophacidium quercinum
, found on dead fallen leaves of
Quercus
sp. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Pakistan) and host (
Quercus incana
).
Pseudophacidium ledi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudophacidium ledi
, found on woody stems and leaves of Ericaceae. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec), USA (Michigan, New Hampshire, Oregon, Washington), Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Leningrad Oblast), Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and UK) and hosts (
Betula pubescens, Calluna vulgaris, Calluna
sp.,
Chamaedaphne calyculata, Juniperus communis, Ledum palustre, L. groenlandicum, Ledum
sp.,
Picea abies, Rhododendron albiflorum, R. ferrugineum, R. hirsutum, Rhododendron
sp.,
Salix caprea, Salix
sp.,
Vaccinium angustifolium, V. macrocarpon, V. myrtillus, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea
and
Vaccinium
sp.).
Terriera camelliicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Terriera camelliicola
, found on dead
Camellia
twigs. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (China (Anhui, Guangxi), India (Assam)) and hosts (
Camellia sinensis, Lindera reflexa, Rosa henryi
and
Sabia japonica
).
Desmazierella acicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A descriptions is provided for
Desmazierella acicola
, found on dead blackened leaves, predominantly and perhaps only of
Pinus
sp., lying in the litter or attached (usually to the wet underside) of trash. Some information on its morphology, habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Morocco, Canada (Alberta, Ontario), USA (California, Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New York, Oregon, Washington), Brazil, China (Heilongjiang), India, Japan, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Thailand, Spain (Canary Islands), Australia, Albania, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Leningrad Oblast, Novrogod Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Swededn, Ukraine and UK) and host (
Pinus nigra
).
Gyromitra esculenta
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Gyromitra esculenta
, usually found on conifers, mostly on pines (
Pinus
spp.). Some information on its morphology, habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Algeria, Morocco, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory), Mexico, USA (Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Costa Rica, Argentina, Chile, China (Heilongjiang), Republic of Georgia, India (Jammu and Kashmir), Japan, Kazakhstan (Akmola Oblast, Almaty Oblast, East Kazakhstan Oblast, Karaganda Oblast), Pakistan, Russia (Irkutsk Oblast, Khanti-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Oblast, Khabarovsky Krai, Krasnoyarsky Krai, Primorsky Krai, Tyumen Oblast), Turkey, Spain (Canary Islands), Australia (New South Wales), New Zealand, United States Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Kirov Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Smolensk Oblast, Voronezh Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK) and hosts (conifers, mostly
Pinus
spp.).