bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Recent Review On: Effect of Nutrients On Brain Function and Development
Authors: Sundas Liaqat  , Farida Bibi  , Zahin Anjum  , Jauhar Azeem  , Sadaf Ambreen  , Ayesha Bibi
Published: January 2025

Recent studies have demonstrated the important role that nutrition plays in maintaining cognitive health by highlighting the substantial effects of different nutrients on brain growth and function. Research articles from Google scholar, scihub, PUBMED was searched for food and nutrients for brain development and function. Important nutrients that are connected to neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, and general cognitive function include omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, antioxidants, and vital minerals. The structure and function of the brain depend on omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, and neurotransmitter production and cognitive resilience are supported by B vitamins. Vitamins E and C are examples of antioxidants that reduce oxidative stress and support the health of neurons. Cognitive deficits are linked to mineral shortages, especially those involving iron and zinc. This review summarizes research on the relationship between long-term cognitive problems and nutritional deficiencies, particularly during important developmental stages. Additionally, diets high in particular nutrients are linked to better mental health outcomes and lowers risks of various illnesses caused by neurodegeneration. Overall, this review highlights how crucial a balanced diet is for promoting brain health throughout life.
Association of Hyperprolactinemia in Females with Infertility
Authors: Nasim Saba  , Sobia Rashid  , Hina Ayub  , Rakhshinda Inam Khan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most frequent endocrinological disorders in women that affects the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis, resulting in infertility. It plays a crucial role in reproductive disorder outcomes aligned with hormonal irregularity, PCOS, and thyroid disorders. Objectives: Consequently, to explore the correlation between hyperprolactinemia and female infertility with a focus on hormonal and metabolic changes, as well as on comorbidities like PCOS and hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study carried out Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, District Headquarter Teaching Hospital/ Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan in the duration from January, 2024 to June, 2024. One hundred fifty infertile women aged 18–40 across the general outpatient clinic were recruited, and 78 had hyperprolactinemia. Clinical and hormonal data samples were taken and processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Hyperprolactinemia was meaningfully correlated with menstrual abnormalities, PCOS, and hypothyroid problems. Infertile women in their study had significantly increased prolactin levels, which resulted in lower levels of LH, FSH, and estradiol and higher levels of BMI, as well as insulin resistance. Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia causes hormonal and metabolic alteration and affects female fertility. Hearing and treatment at an early stage of fertility problems and comprehensive therapeutic intervention may enhance fertility.
Quantitative Determination of Lidocaine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using HPLC-UV Detection
Authors: Nadeem Ul Hassan Khan  , Asad Hamad  , Quratulain  , Naveed Suleman  , Sana Rashid  , Abdul Sami  , Muhammad Aamir Nawaz
Published: January 2025

Objective: To develop and validate a robust and sensitive High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with ultraviolet (UV) detection for the quantification of Lidocaine-HCl in pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: An Ion Pac Ercus C18 reversed-phase column (250 mm × 4.5 mm, 5 µm) was used at 25°C with a mobile phase of water and acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) containing 5% acetic acid (pH 3.4). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min, and detection was performed at 254 nm. Calibration standards (0.1–0.5 µg/mL) were prepared, and validation parameters including linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy were assessed. Recovery studies were performed using spiked commercial samples. Results: The method showed excellent linearity (R² = 0.9987). LLOD and LLOQ were 0.00521 µg/mL and 0.01645 µg/mL, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision had RSD values ≤0.57%. Recovery ranged from 96% to 100%. Retention time was consistent at 12.5 minutes. Conclusion: This validated HPLC-UV method is precise, sensitive, and reliable for routine quantification of Lidocaine-HCl, ensuring pharmaceutical quality control.
Educación Física Inclusiva y Adaptada: Nuevas herramientas para la inclusión
Authors: Prias Villena Anibal Alexis
Published: January 2025

Este libro explora enfoques y estrategias innovadoras para garantizar que la educación física sea accesible e inclusiva para todos los estudiantes, independientemente de sus capacidades físicas, cognitivas o sensoriales. Se centra en proporcionar herramientas prácticas y adaptaciones pedagógicas que fomenten la participación activa y significativa de personas con diversidad funcional en actividades físicas y deportivas. A través de ejemplos, estudios de caso y metodologías específicas, se busca promover un entorno educativo que celebre la diversidad y potencie las habilidades de cada individuo. La obra está dirigida a docentes, entrenadores y profesionales de la educación que deseen implementar prácticas inclusivas en sus programas, contribuyendo así a la construcción de comunidades más equitativas y participativas.
Evaluating the impact of higher education policies on academic performance and institutional growth in Pakistan
Authors: Noor Aqeela , Tahir Muhammad Safdar , Zahra Muqadasa
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes how higher education policies influence academic landscape, and stimulate institutional development, particularly in developing countries, like Pakistan. This paper focuses on the impact of these policies on academic performance and institutional growth, in the area of resource distribution, faculty enhancement, curriculum changes, and governance methods. Data was collected quantitatively through a five point Likert scale questionnaire, distributed among 600 participants including students, faculty and administrators at 15 higher education institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan. Analysis revealed significant linkages between successful policy execution and the achievement of better academic results as a result of fair resource allocation and professional growth programs. However, challenges such as best governance practice, resource disparity, and compatibility to the industry needs still persist particularly in rural and poor areas. The analysis provides practical guidance and suggestions for decision makers to address these problems and enhance the effectiveness of higher education policies. To enhance comprehension and usability, detailed tables in which thorough data and results are organized, are provided. It contributes to the ongoing debate of higher education policies effectiveness and importance for the sustainable development and academic excellence.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA: ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Naveed Ahmed Shaikh  , Muhammad Hasnain Khalid  , Idrees Afzal  , Abdul Rahman
Published: January 2025

This paper’s core objective is to examine China's and India's economic development considering their inclusion into the world economy specifically in terms of trade. We start out by going over some basic facts about their recent economic growth, the biggest institutional changes that have been made, especially regarding trade relations and how those changes have affected their economic development. We analyzed the comparison & characteristics with the patterns for said both nations to provide a brief analysis of the growth of economies, economic startups, and value of trade. We have additionally computed several econometric associations between trade openness and economic growth, incorporating as the variables under consideration such gross fixed capital formation. To analyze the causal relationships, we focused upon the fixed effects model by 2SLS. Even when we treat Openness and FDI as endogenous variables, our results are nevertheless supported since their effects on economic growth are positive and statistically significant across all parameters. The results indicate that how opening and integrating into the global market has benefited both countries' economies. Observe how the recent global crisis was initially mitigated by the strong growth of these two "giants," which is currently supporting the revival of the global economy.
AN ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING OF GRICE'S MAXIMS IN SHAZAF FATIMA NOVEL HOW IT HAPPENED: A PRAGMATIC STUDY
Authors: Amna Ilyas  , Zaryab Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted to investigate the condition of the change of Grice maxims in novel “How it Happened” by Shazaf Fatima. The reason why the researcher chose this study is because in social discourse it shows the frustration that occurs when each person does not use the intentions in order to persuade his or her audience to find the hidden meaning behind what is being said, that is, the speakers use recording. The main purpose of this study was to find out how flouting travel creates humor and what flouted frequencies are and the reasons behind it. It’s a good lesson that focuses on maximum beat. Details of this study are conversational patterns by different characters to create flouting by using unique contemporary language reflecting humor. Based on the analysis, the results have two points; Preliminary data analysis shows that all types of maxims are shown by all characters. Second, characters use ambiguous and hidden information in the novel from which it shows that the obscure and ridiculous situation is found in the content.
Evaluating the Environmental Benefits of Public Transportation Development on Urban Air Quality in China: Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Analysis
Authors: Mak Chuiying
Published: January 2025

China's swift urbanization and motorization have profoundly affected urban air quality, with transportation accounting for a substantial portion of urban air pollution. This study examines the effect of enhancements in public transportation on air quality in Chinese cities, with a particular emphasis on PM2.5 concentrations as a critical metric. Employing a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) methodology, we examine data from cities that executed substantial public transport enhancements between 2000 and 2020, contrasting them with cities that did not implement analogous measures. Findings demonstrate that enhancements in public transportation correlate with substantial decreases in PM2.5 concentrations, especially in urban areas with elevated baseline pollution levels. The results underscore the significance of sustainable transportation strategies in alleviating air pollution and enhancing public health. This study enhances the literature by delivering a thorough empirical examination of the environmental effects of public transport investments in China and has practical implications for urban authorities.
Servicios sociales, dependencia y derechos de ciudadania
Authors: Cerrillo Martínez Agustí , de Palma del Teso Ángeles , Tarrés Vives Marc
Published: January 2025

Este libro tiene como objetivo clave analizar el impacto en el marco jurídico catalán y, específicamente, en el sistema de servicios sociales del estado del bienestar, de una serie de factores relevantes: la progresiva configuración y universalización de unos nuevos derechos de ciudadanía, el envejecimiento gradual de la población, la movilidad de personas dentro de la Unión Europea (UE) y el crecimiento del número de personas en situación de dependencia.

Estos factores comportan la aparición de nuevas obligaciones que se tienen que afrontar desde diversos niveles de administraciones públicas y la necesidad de articular de forma coherente una organización y un sistema de prestación de servicios públicos en el ámbito social. A través del examen de estos factores se pretende reflexionar sobre el papel de las administraciones públicas a propósito de estas nuevas demandas sociales y sobre las grandes categorías jurídicas: ciudadanía, derechos prestacionales, universalización de derechos, servicios sociales, servicios educativos. Se da una relevancia especial a la nueva configuración del sistema de servicios sociales, que tiene como referentes la Ley estatal 39/2006, de 14 de diciembre, de promoción de la autonomía personal y atención a las personas en situación de dependencia, el nuevo marco estatutario en Cataluña aprobado en 2006 y la Ley catalana 12/2007, de 11 de octubre, de servicios sociales.

Especial énfasis se da al estudio de caso del impacto de la libre circulación de ciudadanos procedentes de otros Estados de la Unión Europea, que vienen a residir a nuestro país, en la utilización de los servicios sociales y educativos. Ello se realiza a través de un estudio socio-jurídico que, además de describir y analizar el marco jurídico, incorpora el impacto de experiencias vitales concretas a través de encuestas cualitativas. Se pretende, en definitiva considerar cómo el marco jurídico enlaza con el día a día de los ciudadanos europeos.
The Effect Of Loneliness At Work Intention To Leave With Resilience As A Moderating Variable Study At Bank X In Jakarta
Authors: Andreas Sidol  , Martinus Parnawa Putranta
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the effect of loneliness at work on intention to leave with resilience as a moderating variable. The study was conducted on back office employees at Bank X, Jakarta, using a quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires from 120 respondents and analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that loneliness at work has a positive influence on intention to leave. Resilience is proven to moderate the relationship between loneliness at work and intention to leave, where individuals with high levels of resilience tend to be better able to deal with the negative impact of loneliness at work. This research is expected to provide theoretical contributions to the organizational psychology literature as well as practical implications for managing human resources, especially in reducing turnover rates.
Terpyridine-based Coordination Polymers: A Ligand-centered Perspective on Metal Diversity and Multifunctional Applications
Authors:   Chemical Refining Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Egypt, M. El-Sayed El-Sayed
Published: January 2025

Due to their structural variety and versatility, coordination polymers (CPs) based on terpyridine ligands have been especially versatile in materials science. The article describes the synthesis, structural variation, and use of CPs synthesized with 4'-(4-carboxyphenyl)- 3,2':6',3''-terpyridine (Hcptpy) as a ligand in an in-depth manner. Particular emphasis is given to the contribution of different metals, such as Cd, Zn, Mn, Co, and Cu, to these polymers. The applications of the prepared CPs include luminescence sensing, photonic devices, DNA amplification, cancer treatment, and magnetic material. Besides, structure-function relationships and research directions are covered.
Współpraca Prezesa Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego z organami Unii Europejskiej oraz państw członkowskich w świetle regulacji ustawy z 16 listopada 2016 r. o zmianie ustawy o transporcie kolejowym oraz niektórych innych ustaw
Authors:   Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Gołąb Łukasz
Published: January 2025

21 listopada 2012 r. Parlament Europejski i Rada przyjęły dyrektywę 2012/34/UE w sprawie utworzenia jednolitego europejskiego obszaru kolejowego. Chociaż termin transpozycji postanowień dyrektywy minął już 16 czerwca 2015 r., Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej dopiero 16 listopada 2016 r. uchwalił ustawę o zmianie ustawy o transporcie kolejowym oraz niektórych innych ustaw stanowiącą jedną z najistotniejszych zmian ustawy o transporcie kolejowym w ostatnich latach, a podyktowaną w założeniu projektodawców właśnie koniecznością implementacji postanowień dyrektywy 2012/34/UE. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie zmian w zakresie współpracy Prezesa UTK z Komisją, Agencją Kolejową UE oraz organami regulacyjnymi pozostałych państw członkowskich UE na gruncie regulacji ustawy z 16 listopada 2016 r. o zmianie ustawy o transporcie kolejowym oraz niektórych innych ustaw.
Otwarty dostęp w świetle decyzji Prezesa Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Kraśniewski Marcin
Published: January 2025

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena mechanizmu otwartego dostępu obowiązującego po nowelizacji ustawy o transporcie kolejowym z dnia 16 listopada 2016 roku. Oceny tego mechanizmu dokonano w oparciu o wybrane decyzje wydane przez Prezesa Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego w zakresie otwartego dostępu. Autor dokonuje analizy i porównania przepisów prawnych w zakresie otwartego dostępu obowiązujących przed i po nowelizacji ustawy o transporcie kolejowym z dnia 16 listopada 2016 roku, a także wskazuje na praktykę stosowania prawa w tym zakresie. W końcowej części artykułu autor próbuje udzielić odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy nowe rozwiązania prawne, tj. obowiązujące przepisy w zakresie otwartego dostępu, stanowią remedium na występujące w obrocie prawnym problemy?
Finansowanie rekompensaty z funduszy europejskich – wybrane aspekty cywilnoprawne
Authors: Gąszczyk Roman
Published: January 2025

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę opisania relacji pomiędzy stronami umowy o świadczenie usług publicznych a instytucją funduszową mających na celu częściowe sfinansowanie rekompensaty ze środków europejskich przy wykorzystaniu pojęć wypracowanych przez doktrynę prawa cywilnego. Autor dokonuje analizy ww. stosunków prawnych, która prowadzi do stwierdzenia możliwości uznania ich za tzw. związek umów. Jego identyfikacja stanowi potwierdzenie tezy o tym, że częściowe sfinansowanie rekompensaty ze środków europejskich (w zakresie, w jakim przeznaczona jest ona na wsparcie realizacji projektu taborowego lub infrastrukturalnego) nie wyłącza zgodności tej operacji z prawem. Tym samym formułuje rekomendację pod adresem uczestników obrotu prawnego co do możliwego ukształtowania struktury instytucjonalnej projektu i sposobu wykazywania jego zgodności z przepisami o pomocy publicznej na potrzeby ubiegania się o wsparcie realizacji inwestycji z ww. środków.
Movimientos sociales que irrumpen. Egosintonías y socializaciones aceleradas en jóvenes chilenos
Authors: Henriquez Karla
Published: January 2025

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio cualitativo que profundiza sobre la manera en que los movimientos sociales transforman a los individuos y a las sociedades, para eso se elaboran dos argumentos aplicados al caso chileno. El primero es que los movimientos irrumpen en la vida cotidiana de las juventudes cambiando el curso de la socialización política institucional y la relación que tienen los activistas con la política. Y el segundo argumento es que los movimientos permiten las condiciones para que los activistas vivan experiencias ego-sintónicas en donde, por un momento, desaparece la tensión entre la manera en que los activistas se autoperciben, sus deseos y anhelos, y las limitaciones que las sociedades capitalistas imponen por medio de distintas formas de dominación. Por último, se concluye que el estudio de experiencias ego-sintónicas y de socialización aceleradas permiten comprender y proyectar cambios culturales en la ciudadanía.
Ready to strike a blow – Women and Violence in Petitions from Egypt and Early Christian Discourse
Authors: El Mansy Aliyah
Published: January 2025

The judge in Luke 18:5 is afraid that a widow is going to give him a black eye. Is this rooted in every day experience? The article looks for evidence for every day physical violence used by women. Every now and then we have petitions from Egypt accusing women of violent behavior. An analysis of this material generates some patterns regarding violence used by women. Against the background of this results, early Christian literature can be understood more nuanced compared to their environment. The article shows that petitions from Egypt support a literal translation of Luke 18:5 and that there are different attitudes and contradictory gender stereotypes to be found in Early Christian Literature regarding violence used by women.
Pharmacologic Activation of Integrated Stress Response Kinases Inhibits Pathologic Mitochondrial Fragmentation
Authors: Baron Kelsey R , Oviedo Samantha , Krasny Sophia , Zaman Mashiat , Aldakhlallah Rama , Bora Prerona , Mathur Prakhyat , Pfeffer Gerald , Bollong Michael J , Shutt Timothy E , Grotjahn Danielle A , Wiseman R Luke
Published: January 2025

Excessive mitochondrial fragmentation is associated with the pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in the pathogenesis of etiologically-diverse diseases, including many neurodegenerative disorders. The integrated stress response (ISR) – comprising the four eIF2α kinases PERK, GCN2, PKR, and HRI – is a prominent stress-responsive signaling pathway that regulates mitochondrial morphology and function in response to diverse types of pathologic insult. This suggests that pharmacologic activation of the ISR represents a potential strategy to mitigate pathologic mitochondrial fragmentation associated with human disease. Here, we show that pharmacologic activation of the ISR kinases HRI or GCN2 promotes adaptive mitochondrial elongation and prevents mitochondrial fragmentation induced by the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Further, we show that pharmacologic activation of the ISR reduces mitochondrial fragmentation and restores basal mitochondrial morphology in patient fibroblasts expressing the pathogenic D414V variant of the pro-fusion mitochondrial GTPase MFN2 associated with neurological dysfunctions including ataxia, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss. These results identify pharmacologic activation of ISR kinases as a potential strategy to prevent pathologic mitochondrial fragmentation induced by disease-relevant chemical and genetic insults, further motivating the pursuit of highly selective ISR kinase-activating compounds as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in diverse human diseases.
Mechanical forces pattern endocardial Notch activation via mTORC2-PKC pathway
Authors: Mu Yunfei , Hu Shijia , Liu Xiangyang , Tang Xin , Lin Jiayi , Shi Hongjun
Published: January 2025

Notch signaling has been identified as a key regulatory pathway in patterning the endocardium through activation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the atrioventricular canal (AVC) and proximal outflow tract (OFT) region. However, the precise mechanism underlying Notch activation remains elusive. By transiently blocking the heartbeat of E9.5 mouse embryos, we found that Notch activation in the arterial endothelium was dependent on its ligand Dll4, whereas the reduced expression of Dll4 in the endocardium led to a ligand-depleted field, enabling Notch to be specifically activated in AVC and OFT by regional increased shear stress. The strong shear stress altered the membrane lipid microdomain structure of endocardial cells, which activated mTORC2 and PKC and promoted Notch1 cleavage even in the absence of strong ligand stimulation. These findings highlight the role of mechanical forces as a primary cue for endocardial patterning and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying congenital heart diseases of endocardial origin.
Precision-based causal inference modulates audiovisual temporal recalibration
Authors: Li Luhe , Hong Fangfang , Badde Stephanie , Landy Michael S
Published: January 2025

Cross-modal temporal recalibration guarantees stable temporal perception across ever-changing environments. Yet, the mechanisms of cross-modal temporal recalibration remain unknown. Here, we conducted an experiment to measure how participants’ temporal perception was affected by exposure to audiovisual stimuli with consistent temporal delays. Consistent with previous findings, recalibration effects plateaued with increasing audiovisual asynchrony and varied by which modality led during the exposure phase. We compared six observer models that differed in how they update the audiovisual temporal bias during the exposure phase and whether they assume modality-specific or modality-independent precision of arrival latency. The causal-inference observer shifts the audiovisual temporal bias to compensate for perceived asynchrony, which is inferred by considering two causal scenarios: when the audiovisual stimuli have a common cause or separate causes. The asynchrony-contingent observer updates the bias to achieve simultaneity of auditory and visual measurements, modulating the update rate by the likelihood of the audiovisual stimuli originating from a simultaneous event. In the asynchrony-correction model, the observer first assesses whether the sensory measurement is asynchronous; if so, she adjusts the bias proportionally to the magnitude of the measured asynchrony. Each model was paired with either modality-specific or modality-independent precision of arrival latency. A Bayesian model comparison revealed that both the causal-inference process and modality-specific precision in arrival latency are required to capture the nonlinearity and asymmetry observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration. Our findings support the hypothesis that audiovisual temporal recalibration relies on the same causal-inference processes that govern cross-modal perception.
Navigating the Risk Landscape in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Postpercutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gaur Utkarsh , Gadkari Charuta , Pundkar Aditya
Published: January 2025

The ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) remains one of the major contributors to death and disability worldwide. The primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (pPCI) has gained wide adoption as the preferred reperfusion strategy over time. The present narrative discussion highlights a wide range of factors that can confer mortality in patients with STEMI treated with PCI, focusing strongly on demographic variables and clinical presentation issues that present inherent challenges to treatment strategies. Age stands out as a predictor of poor outcomes, with the worst prognoses found in those older than 80 years. In this population, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and reduced cardiac function all dramatically increase the risk of poor outcomes. The presence of cardiogenic shock is another prime determinant of mortality and often multiplies these risks when combined with multivessel Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and delayed initiation of treatment. Other notable risks post-PCI include repeated myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and in-stent thrombosis, each of which further complicates clinical management. All these factors together create a complex, high-risk profile of patients who will need individualised and directed management strategies for optimum reduction in mortality. Delays in door-to-balloon times continue to be a major challenge to achieving better outcomes in regions with limited resources. Additionally, a significant long-term challenge is the management of multivessel disease and personalised therapy for high-risk patients, particularly during the acute phase. While PCI has resulted in a substantial reduction in mortality among patients with STEMI, gaps in outcomes still exist, predominantly among older patients and those with a greater complexity of co-morbidities. Treatment protocols must be continuously refined to address these gaps. The paper underscores the need for continuous innovation and research at both pre-hospital and post-PCI management levels to reduce mortality rates and improve the long-term outcomes of high-risk STEMI patients.
Impact of Insurgency on Universities in North East Nigeria
Authors: Babayi Murtala Umar , Jajua Mohammed A.
Published: January 2025

The study was on the impact of Insurgency on Universities in North East Nigeria. Three objectives which were translated to three research questions were answered by the study. The research design for the study was descriptive survey. The total population of the study was 15,502 teaching and non-teaching staff in the 15 universities in the region. The sample for the study was purposively selected with 1,501 respondents having 1011 academic staff and 490 non-academic staff. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire with a rating scale of 4-point. The validation of the instrument was done by three experts. In order to check for the reliability of the instrument, the instrument was pilot tested on fifty-two staff of Federal polytechnic, Mubi using test-retest method. The reliability test was carried out on the instrument using Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient and a reliability index of 0.69 was obtained. The data obtained from the study was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Results from the study revealed that brain drain impacted negatively on the universities in the region due to insurgency and also, there was drop in the enrolment              rate of students due to insurgency. Recommendations made include: the government at both federal and state levels should make effort in recruiting more staff in the universities in the north east Nigeria.
Performance of Safflower Varieties under Different Dates of Sowing and Crop-weather Relationships
Authors: A. H. Kumar Naik , T. N Usha, , A Saif Ali Khan. , G Amith
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at the Zonal Agriculture and Horticulture Research Station, Hiriyur, Chitradurga. The experiment site is situated at 130 57' 32" North latitude and 700 37' 38" East longitude with an altitude of 606.1 m above the mean sea level. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and consist of four sowing windows - 7th October, 21st October, 4th November and 18th November and three varieties of safflower - PBNS-86, Annigeri-1 and A-300 replicated thrice.  The results revealed that crops sown on 21st October recorded significantly higher seed yield of 1298 kg ha-1 with a variety of PBNS-86 producing significantly higher seed yield of 1233 kg ha-1 and it was statistically on par with crop sown on 7th October (1223 kg ha-1). Among the varieties, PBNS-86 produced significantly higher seed yield (1233 kg ha-1). However, it was statistically on par with Annigeri-1 (1197 kg ha-1). The interaction effect was found non-significant. Seed yield had significant positive correlation with weather parameters such as maximum relative humidity (r = 0.485**), minimum relative humidity (r = 0.554**), cumulative bright sunshine hours (r = 0.355*), from flowering to capitulum and seed development stage. The linear regression values show the variation in grain yield was primarily affected by average minimum temperature at 56% followed by average maximum relative humidity at 54% and diurnal temperature range at 50%. During sowing to physiological maturity and lower variations was observed in cumulative pan evaporation at 23% during flowering to physiological maturity. From the study it can be inferred that sowing safflower on 21st October with PBNS-86 variety can be a better option to get higher productivity in central dry zone of Karnataka.
Effects of Different Pre-sowing Seed Priming Agents on Chickpea Vigor and Germination
Authors: Patra Lipsa Rani , Divyansukumar Prajapati , Masih Sam A. , Maxton Ann
Published: January 2025

The effect of organic priming on the germination behavior and vigor of chickpeas, Cicer arielinum (L.), was examined in an experiment conducted during the Zaid season of 2023 at the Post Graduate Laboratory, Seed Science and Technology, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini Agricultural Institute, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. Ten genotypes and three treatments-T0 (Control), Hormonal priming T1-Salicylic Acid [SA (200pm)], Osmo priming T2-(Mannitol 5%), and Botanical priming T3-Aloe vera leaf extract (5%), respectively-were used to complete the statistical analysis used in the design. The seeds were steeped for 24 hours at 25°C in diluted water that was used to make all of the priming media. Significant variations in treatments were also noted. T3 Aloe vera exhibited the highest germination rate (81%) and the longest root length in control (T0), shoot length (T3), seedling length (T3), and seedling vigour index (T3). T2 Mannitol had the highest seedling weight in both fresh and dry conditions, followed by T2 Mannitol, which displayed the highest germination rate (80%), root length, shoot length with salicylic acid, and seedling length (T2) in mannitol.
Cubane and Cyclooctatetraene Pirfenidones – Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Liu Yizhou , Wen Liang Benjamin Jian , Modhiran Naphak , Savage G. Paul , Watterson Daniel , Williams Craig M.
Published: July 2023

Pirfenidone, an oral anti‐fibrotic and anti‐inflammatory medication used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), has been proposed to treat post‐COVID pneumonia pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, pirfenidone displays side effects which include hepatotoxicity and anorexia. Cubane and cyclooctatetraene (COT) derivatives of pirfenidone were prepared as bioisostere/biomotif replacements of the phenyl ring to explore potential changes in activity. The key intermediate, aminocubane, enabled the synthesis of both the cubane and cyclooctatetraene (COT) derived pirfenidone analogues in 6 steps. The COT derivative was observed to display similar activity and cytotoxicity with pirfenidone in an anti‐virus and ACE2 inhibition assay, although limited effect was observed from pirfenidone and the analogues described herein.
Conductive vial electromembrane extraction – Principles and practical operation
Authors: Schüller Maria , Hansen Frederik André , Skaalvik Tonje Gottenberg , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig
Published: July 2023

Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a microextraction technique where charged analytes are extracted from an aqueous sample solution, through a liquid membrane, and into an aqueous acceptor, under the influence of an external electric field. The liquid membrane is a few microliters of organic solvent immobilized in a polymeric support membrane. EME is a green technique and provides high selectivity. The selectivity is controlled by the direction and magnitude of the electric field, the chemical composition of the liquid membrane and the pH. Recently, commercial prototype equipment for EME was launched based on the use of conductive vials, and interest in EME is expected to increase. The current article is a tutorial and discusses the principle and practical work with EME. The practical information is related to the commercial prototype equipment but is valid also for other technical configurations of EME. The tutorial is intended to give readers a fundamental understanding of EME, which is required for method development and operation, and for avoiding common pitfalls.
Scaled consensus for MASs with compound noises over Markovian switched topologies
Authors: Du Yingxue , Liang Xiao , Liu Zhi , Zhang Ancai , Song Huajian , Qiu Jianlong
Published: July 2023

This article aims to address the stochastic scaled consensus issue in almost surely and mean square sense of stochastic multiagent systems (SMASs) with compound noises in a Markovian switching setting. At first, based on stochastic approximation technique and nearest‐neighbor interaction rules, the stochastic scaled consensus controller is built for SMASs in presence of multiplicative and additive noise by designing a time‐varying gain. Meanwhile, some consensus criterions of SMASs are addressed if the union of the graph and time‐varying gain fulfill some mild requirements. Furthermore, the scaled consensus means that the agents' state variables tend to a prescribed proportion rather than the common value, so this behavior can be seen as non‐convergent behavior. The difference with most of excellent literatures is that the coexistence of noncooperative behavior and multiplicative noise generates that it is not easy to transform the multiplicative noise term into the form of an error equation, which means that the Lyapunov methods cannot be directly utilized in our article. To cope with this, we first demonstrate the boundedness for each agent's state, and hence the convergence can be achieved. Finally, in order to reveal the efficiency of our proposed protocol, the corresponding example is given in the simulation part.
Applications of Diffusion‐Weighted MRI to the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Raya José G. , Duarte Alejandra , Wang Nian , Mazzoli Valentina , Jaramillo Diego , Blamire Andrew M. , Dietrich Olaf
Published: July 2023

Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is an established MRI technique that can investigate tissue microstructure at the scale of a few micrometers. Musculoskeletal tissues typically have a highly ordered structure to fulfill their functions and therefore represent an optimal application of DWI. Even more since disruption of tissue organization affects its biomechanical properties and may indicate irreversible damage. The application of DWI to the musculoskeletal system faces application‐specific challenges on data acquisition including susceptibility effects, the low T2 relaxation time of most musculoskeletal tissues (2–70 msec) and the need for sub‐millimetric resolution. Thus, musculoskeletal applications have been an area of development of new DWI methods. In this review, we provide an overview of the technical aspects of DWI acquisition including diffusion‐weighting, MRI pulse sequences and different diffusion regimes to study tissue microstructure. For each tissue type (growth plate, articular cartilage, muscle, bone marrow, intervertebral discs, ligaments, tendons, menisci, and synovium), the rationale for the use of DWI and clinical studies in support of its use as a biomarker are presented. The review describes studies showing that DTI of the growth plate has predictive value for child growth and that DTI of articular cartilage has potential to predict the radiographic progression of joint damage in early stages of osteoarthritis. DTI has been used extensively in skeletal muscle where it has shown potential to detect microstructural and functional changes in a wide range of muscle pathologies. DWI of bone marrow showed to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of benign and malignant acute vertebral fractures and bone metastases. DTI and diffusion kurtosis have been investigated as markers of early intervertebral disc degeneration and lower back pain. Finally, promising new applications of DTI to anterior cruciate ligament grafts and synovium are presented. The review ends with an overview of the use of DWI in clinical routine.

Evidence Level

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Generalized integral type Hilbert operator acting between weighted Bloch spaces
Authors: Tang Pengcheng , Zhang Xuejun
Published: July 2023

Let
be a finite Borel measure on
. In this paper, we consider the generalized integral type Hilbert operator

The operator
has been extensively studied recently. The aim of this paper is to study the boundedness (resp. compactness) of
acting from the normal weight Bloch space into another of the same kind. As consequences of our study, we get completely results for the boundedness of
acting between Bloch type spaces, and between logarithmic Bloch spaces.
Flexible Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Liquid‐Crystalline Organic Semiconductor, Ph‐BTBT‐10
Authors: Suzuki Issei , Koizumi Shohei , Kito Yoshiaki , Hanna Jun-ichi , Iino Hiroaki
Published: July 2023

Flexible organic thin‐film transistors with liquid‐crystalline organic semiconductor, 2‐decyl‐7‐phenyl‐benzothienobenzothiophene (Ph‐BTBT‐10), which is suitable for flexible transistor material because the polycrystalline thin films can be easily fabricated at about 100 °C or lower by solution process, are fabricated. 25 μm‐thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and photosensitive resin poly(vinyl cinnamate) (PVCi) are used as flexible substrate and gate insulator, respectively. The PVCi gate insulator layer is crosslinked by UV light and the crosslinking reaction increases solvent resistance of PVCi gate insulator. Uniform Ph‐BTBT‐10 polycrystalline thin films are fabricated on the PVCi gate insulator and the crystallinity and electrical characteristics of Ph‐BTBT‐10 are not damaged by PVCi gate insulator. The entire process is performed below 130 °C considering the heat resistance temperature of the PET film. The fabricated transistors show the mobility of and threshold voltage of 0.57 ± 0.38 V.
Piezoresistive Performance of a Compliant Scalable Sensor Made of Low‐Cost Exfoliated Graphite Polymer Composites
Authors: Chen Ying , Wang Peng , Xie Ruishan , Jin Leizhi , Liu Haibin
Published: July 2023

Compliant sensors have drawn considerable interests in human–robot interactions. However, it is still challenging to obtain reliable and reproducible performance at reduced costs, especially for scaled‐up sensing applications. This work investigates the piezoresistive performance of a low‐cost, scalable sensor, which is made by spray coating exfoliated graphite natural rubber latex composites (EG/latex) over an elastomeric substrate. The EG/latex sensor provides a uniform distribution in the sheet resistance (variation below 4%) over a large 10 cm × 10 cm area. The stabilized piezoresistive response under cyclic tests is found highly related to both the filler concentration and the strain region. The 8 wt% and the 10 wt% sensors show nonlinear piezoresistive response, while the 25 wt% sensor exhibits the best linearity with a high gauge factor (7.6) and the lowest hysteresis (0.043) under a maximum strain of 60%. The distinct piezoresistive behavior is found attributed to the different levels of microbreakage under the applied strain. Scalable sensing performance is demonstrated on a hand‐size glove spray‐coated with 25 wt% EG/latex. Effective localization of contacts over the continuous sensing glove is achieved via the technique of electrical impedance tomography, validating the potential of the cost‐competitive EG/latex sensor for scalable sensing applications.
Nano Silicon Anode without Electrolyte Adding for Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Xiao , Sun Qing , Li Yuanyuan , Ji Fengjun , Cheng Jun , Zhang Hongqiang , Zeng Zhen , Rao Yiwei , Liu Hongbin , Li Deping , Ci Lijie
Published: July 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLBs) employing silicon (Si) anode and sulfide electrolyte attract much attention, since they can achieve both high energy density and safety. For large‐scale application, sheet‐type Si anode matching sulfide based ASSLBs is preferred. Here, a LiAlO2 layer coated Si (Si@LiAlO2) is reported for sheet‐type electrode. This electrode employs conventional slurry coating methods without adding any sulfide electrolyte. The effect of LiAlO2 coating on the electrochemical performance and morphology evolution of Si electrode is investigated. Since the high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of LiAlO2 layer can sufficiently relieve the huge expansion of Si and promote the Li+ diffusion, the electrochemical performance is significantly enhanced. The Si@LiAlO2 electrodes deliver high coulombic efficiency exceeding 80% and hold considerable specific capacity of 1205 mAh g−1 (150 cycles, 0.33 C). The Si@LiAlO2| LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 full‐cells exhibit a high reversible capacity of 147 mAh g−1 (0.28 mA cm−2) and a considerable capacity retention of 80.2% (62 cycles, 2.8 mA cm−2). This work demonstrates promising practicability and provides a new route for the scalable preparation of Si electrode sheets for ASSLBs with extended lifespan.
Evaluation of the endocrine activity of surface water samples using aquatic eleuthero‐embryos—A comparison with in vitro assays
Authors: Tindall Andrew J. , Du Pasquier David , Lemkine Gregory F.
Published: July 2023

Over the previous decade, numerous new approach methodologies (NAMs) have been developed and validated for the detection of endocrine activity of individual chemicals or environmental samples. These NAMs can be largely separated into three categories, in silico tools, in vitro assays, and in vivo assays using organisms or life stages not considered as laboratory animals, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. While in vitro assays provide more mechanistic information, the use of whole organisms such as fish or amphibian embryos provides a more holistic view of the net effects of an environmental sample on hormonal activity. A panel of bioassays was used to test the endocrine activity of several samples from the Danube River at Novi Sad, Serbia. The results of the in vitro assays have been published previously. Here, we present the results of the in vivo assays that were performed at the same time on the same samples. These whole organism assays are based on the use of transgenic fish and amphibian eleuthero‐embryos and included the Xenopus Eleuthero‐embryo Thyroid Assay (XETA), the Rapid Estrogen ACTivity In Vivo assay (REACTIV), and the Rapid Androgen Disruption Activity Reporter (RADAR) assay. Discrepancies between the different in vitro assays have previously been reported. The results of the in vivo studies also indicate discrepancies between the in vivo and in vitro data with an underestimation of the endocrine activity by the in vitro tests. Therefore, a battery of tests is advised with the initial diagnostic performed with in vivo tests to cover a wider range of modes of action and to allow the appropriate in vitro assay(s) to be selected to confirm the mode of action.

Practitioner Points

Endocrine activity was quantified in surface water using in vitro and in vivo models.

The in vivo results fit with previously reported in vitro results.

Higher activity was observed in water samples with in vivo models, which cover a wider range of modes of action.

Endocrine activity of surface water samples may be underestimated when measured with in vitro models.
Evaluation of vibratory shear‐enhanced processing module‐integrated three‐dimensional printed spacers for enhanced wastewater ultrafiltration
Authors: Kertész Szabolcs
Published: July 2023

The article evaluates the effectiveness of two new designed module‐integrated three‐dimensional (3D) printed spacers in enhancing wastewater ultrafiltration efficiencies using vibratory shear‐enhanced processing (VSEP). The study investigates the star‐shaped spacer filled module channel (star spacer) and the column‐shaped herringbone spacer filled module channel with the same position as the flow direction (column spacer) and with the opposite position as the flow direction (rev column spacer). It compares the VSEP module‐integrated spacers with membrane module vibration (module vibration) and empty membrane module channel (control) configurations. The results show that the module integration of the 3D printed spacers can greatly improve the specific, average, and constant permeate fluxes and can contribute to reducing the total, reversible and irreversible resistance values, and specific energy consumption of the ultrafiltration membrane separation experiments. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into improving the performance of wastewater ultrafiltration systems and fouling mitigation through the module integration of 3D printed spacers and membrane module vibration.

Practitioner Points

Vibratory shear‐enhanced processing (VSEP) ultrafiltration module‐integrated 3D printed spacers were successfully fabricated and evaluated for improved wastewater treatment.

Two spacer designs, a star‐shaped and a column‐shaped herringbone, were compared with an empty membrane module channel with and without vibration.

Two configurations of the column‐shaped spacer, in the same and reversed flow direction, were tested.

Specific energy consumption was calculated and compared for all configurations.

Significant improvements in ultrafiltration performance were observed with the use of spacers compared with an empty module channel, including enhanced permeate fluxes and reductions in both total and reversible, as well as irreversible, resistance.