bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of drought intensity in mountainous areas based on meteorological data from ground stations and aerosols using ML
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Tynchenko Valeria , Grecheneva Anastasia ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Ermolaeva Olga ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Stepantsevich Marina ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The article explores the possibility of modeling drought intensity classification in mountainous regions using meteorological data collected from ground stations and aero - probes. The problem of drought in these regions is critical due to climate change, making water resource management crucial. Materials and methods. The study used data from NASA POWER and USDM drought intensity indices. Machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forest and Decision Tree, were applied to meteorological data from ground stations and aero - probes. Results. The analysis revealed that ground station data, including temperature and pressure, were more relevant for predicting drought intensity. Models built on these data demonstrated higher accuracy compared to those using aero - probe data. Discussion. Key parameters such as ground - level pressure and temperature contributed the most to the prediction. Aero - probe data were useful for monitoring wind speed at high altitudes but had lower significance for drought intensity. Conclusion. For drought modeling, ground station data are preferable. Aero - probe data can be beneficial for more specialized tasks related to high - altitude wind monitoring. Resume. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate data sources for drought forecasting and confirms the relevance of ground station data in mountainous regions. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The results can be applied to develop more accurate drought forecasting models and to create hybrid models that utilize data from various sources.
Combustion of unsorted brown coals in small - sized furnace of manual boilers with new blast nozzle grate design
Authors:   Technical Institute (branch) of North - Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Kosarev Leonid
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Currently, heat supply facilities use low - quality brown coals with a high content of moisture, slag and mineral inclusions when burning. At the same time, the average efficiency level of hot water boilers for the period from 2018 to 2021 did not exceed 56%. In this regard, it is relevant to develop fundamentally new technical solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of coal combustion in boilers with manual maintenance. The author of the article has developed a new design of the blast nozzle grate which is a fundamentally new technical solution and significantly improves the combustion processes with an increase in the efficiency of the combustion process and the furnace boiler as a whole. The purpose of the research: development and implementation of new technical solutions by the design of the blast nozzle grate with manual maintenance. Research methodology. Determination of the optimal parameters of low - grade fuel combustion to achieve maximum combustion efficiency. Comparing the results with traditional solutions and evaluating the advantages of the new design. The object of the study. The work of the furnace of the KVr-1.0 brand hot water boiler with a new design of the blast nozzle of the grate is investigated. Research results and discussion. The work solves a technical problem - to implement and evaluate the work of a new design of the blast nozzle of the grate. As a result of the assessment of the components of the thermal balance of boilers with a standard organization system and the introduction of nozzles that generate a pulsation of blast air, it was found that the operation of the combustion chamber and the boiler as a whole provides a reduction in fuel consumption by 18-20%. Conclusions. 1. The work is devoted to the practical study of the combustion of unsorted coal fuel in small - sized furnaces with manual maintenance. 2. The new design of the furnace device using a grate with nozzles, which creates a pulsation of blast air, showed a significant improvement in the performance of furnaces. The temperature in the combustion zone increases, which contributes to better combustion of fuel and a decrease in the temperature of the slag burning. 3. The research results can be useful for increasing productivity and reducing fuel costs in boiler plants of low thermal capacity of heat supply enterprises.
Control of thermodynamic parameters of the air environment of subway lines with single-track deep tunnels
Authors:   Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University, Gendler Semen , Kryukova Milana ,   Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University, Galachiev Kasim ,   North Caucasus Mining and Metallurgical Institute (State Technological University), Dedegkaeva Nina ,   North Caucasus Mining and Metallurgical Institute (State Technological University)
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to study the patterns of thermodynamic parameters of the air environment for subway lines with single-track deep tunnels. This is important when controlling the thermodynamic state of the air environment at stations and distillation tunnels using the patterns of aerothermodynamic processes. Materials and methods. The work carries out a full-scale experiment to assess the thermodynamic parameters (temperature and humidity) of underground structures during periods of movement and absence of trains, the research was carried out with iButton Temperature Loggers thermographs. Results and discussion. Graphs of the distribution of air temperature, lining surface and humidity in tunnels on the stages "Primorskaya"–"Vasileostrovskaya" – Gostiny Dvor" during movement and absence of train movement are constructed. The change in air temperature along the length of the runs is variable, with revealed maximum values at stations and minimum values in the central parts of the runs, which is fully correlated with studies conducted earlier. This is due to different ventilation schemes during the day and night periods. At the same time, the air temperature has lower values than the surface temperature of the lining, due to the warming of the ground during the daytime when trains are moving. Conclusion. The peculiarities of the formation of ventilation and thermal regimes of the considered subways made it possible to formulate the principles of ensuring the normative climatic parameters of the air environment. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The developed methodological approaches can be useful in planning design solutions for the ventilation of deep–laid metro stations, as well as can be applied to evaluate existing Russian subways and improve the thermal and ventilation modes of the subway line.
Theoretical analysis of the influence of distributed heat sources on the stability of air flow in inclined mine workings
Authors:   Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Semin Mikhail , Popov Maksim ,   Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This study examines airflow in an inclined mine working containing a distributed heat source, a condition relevant for understanding ventilation dynamics under emergency scenarios. Materials and Methods: Unsteady turbulent airflow in the mine working was numerically modeled. The simulation considered thermal convection effects on airflow patterns, including partially recirculating flows near the roof of the working. Results: The transverse velocity profile of the airflow was found to be highly non-uniform along the height, exhibiting a nonlinear dependence on the vertical coordinate. Moreover, this profile remained relatively stable over the length of the working. The effective longitudinal dispersion coefficient, influenced by thermal convection, was evaluated. Discussion: Results indicate that the effective dispersion coefficient can surpass the values of turbulent diffusion and Taylor dispersion under similar unidirectional airflow conditions. This finding highlights the importance of accounting for thermal effects in mine ventilation scenarios. Conclusion: Thermal convection introduces significant complexity to airflow dynamics in mine workings, affecting both velocity profiles and dispersion behavior. Resume: Numerical modeling provides valuable insights into the interplay between thermal convection and airflow dynamics, critical for designing ventilation strategies in emergency and operational conditions. Suggestions for Practical Applications and Directions for Future Research: The findings can inform ventilation system design and optimization, particularly under scenarios involving significant heat generation. Future studies should investigate these effects under varying geometries and ventilation strategies, as well as integrate multi-component gas flow analyses.
The effect of preliminary reagent treatment of marble rubble on the screening efficiency
Authors:   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, Shavakyleva Olga , Grishin Igor ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, Sedinkina Natalia ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, Fadeeva Natalia ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The high decorative properties and durability of marble determine its wide application in many areas of construction. Natural marble with fracturing is developed for the production of crushed stone of various fractions and micro calcite. The quality of the resulting commercial crushed stone is largely determined by screening operations. One of the quality characteristics is the content of pulverized and clay particles, which reduce the ability of the material to adhere to the binder. Dry screening often fails to achieve the required quality, and the use of wet screening increases the cost of the product. Difficulties with the separation of pulverized and clay particles are caused by the phenomena of particle agglomeration and their adhesion to large particles. In the process of grinding cement, additives of surfactants successfully combat the same phenomenon. The object of research is the process of dry screening of marble rubble. The subject of research is the parameters of dry screening of marble rubble, which reduce contamination of the surface of marble rubble particles with adhering dusty and clay particles and affect the screening efficiency. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of increasing the dry screening of marble rubble (efficiency and productivity) using reagents that affect the agglomeration of small particles and their adhesion to the surface of large particles. The novelty of the research lies in the use of reagent treatment in the dry screening process and the study of the effect of reagent consumption and processing time on the granulometric composition, the state of the particle surface and the quality of the super lattice product. Based on the electrostatic components of the nature of the adhesion of small particles to large ones and the mechanism of action of the reagent, it is proposed to use the term “Athystatic” for the reagent. Result. Pretreatment of marble rubble with a solution of the DARAGRIND 240 reagent with a concentration of 0.1% at a flow rate of 5 g/t, which ensures moisture content of the material of no more than 5%, leads to an increase in the number of grains smaller than 2.5 mm from 8.3 to 19.1% due to the destruction of aggregates of small particles and preventing them from sticking to the surface of large particles, which is confirmed by the results of microscopic examination surfaces of crushed stone particles. With the established optimal parameters of reagent treatment, an increase in the efficiency of dry screening from 67.0 to 87.4% and an improvement in the chemical composition of crushed stone were achieved.
Ensuring the functional properties of light - transmitting surfaces of mining equipment elements through the use of tin oxide - based coatings
Authors:   Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Dmitriyeva Elena , Yelemessov Kassym ,   Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The article is devoted to the methods of producing transparent conductive coatings for heating glass in mining equipment and gas - sensitive coatings for mine sensors. Materials and Methods. Three film - forming systems were considered in the work: tin tetrachloride in ethanol, tin hydroxide hydrosol and their mixture in a ratio of 1 : 1 by volume. The structure of the coatings, their transmission and reflection spectra, and the sensitivity of the resulting coatings to water vapor were studied. Results. Sensitivity to water vapor was found in coatings obtained from Sn(OH)4 hydrosol at room temperature (24°C). Coatings from the film - forming system - tin tetrachloride in ethanol, demonstrate a transmittance of 80-85% in the visible region and a resistance of 9.7±0.4 kOhm. These coatings can be used for heating glass. Coatings obtained from a 1:1 mixture are sensitive to water vapor and are more resistant to abrasion than coatings obtained from a hydrosol. Discussion. The film obtained from the ethanol system is not sensitive to water vapor. The film obtained from the sol is sensitive to ethanol vapor. Its resistance, when water vapor is introduced, changes by 3.75 times in less than 1 s. The initial resistance value is restored in about 3 s. Films obtained from a mixture of film - forming systems are also sensitive to water vapor. However, the response time and the time of restoration of the initial resistance value are longer than those of films obtained from the sol. Conclusion. Coatings from the film - forming system - tin tetrachloride in ethanol, can be used to heat glass. Coatings obtained from a 1:1 mixture are sensitive to water vapor at room temperature (24°C) and can be used as sensitive elements for water vapor in devices monitoring operating conditions in mines. Resume. The technology of manufacturing thin films on glasses based on tin oxide obtained in the course of the work allows to form stable coatings. The properties of these coatings allow to carry out heating when passing electric current through them. Also, the effect of water vapor on films obtained under certain conditions causes a change in their properties. This allows to use the obtained results of the work for practical application in the manufacture of elements of mining equipment. The formed coatings can be used for the manufacture of humidity and water vapor sensors, as well as for the manufacture of heated glass.
Mapping Vulnerability Description to MITRE ATT&CK Framework by LLM
Authors: Rafiey Pasha , Namadchian Amin
Published: January 2025

As the number and complexity of cybersecurity threats continue to increase, security professionals must augment their knowledge by utilizing resources that provide insights into the attack patterns and techniques employed by attackers. This understanding allows them to better comprehend the potential impact of a vulnerability and prioritize the development of effective mitigation strategies within their organizations. The frequent emergence of CVEs and the impracticality of manually correlating them to MITRE ATT&CK techniques necessitate the use of automated methods. Dependence on automation methods like BERT can become prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. With the continuous emergence of new vulnerabilities and revisions to the ATT&CK framework, it is necessary to retrain the model to ensure precise mapping of these evolving patterns. To address this issue, our paper leverages LLMs to automate the mapping of CVE descriptions to MITRE ATT&CK techniques, offering a scalable and accurate alternative to traditional methods. By embedding detailed CVE and MITRE ATT&CK knowledge into the LLM, the model can more precisely identify and map vulnerabilities to specific attack techniques. The paper also explores innovative prompt design methods to enhance the LLM’s comprehension and output quality. This approach using general-purpose chatbots like GPT-3.5, GPT-4 o and OpenAI o1 yields similar results with lower costs and time, providing a cost-effective solution for CVE to ATT&CK mapping.
Identification of the most dynamic river estuarine system in Bangladesh over the last fifty years (1973-2023) using Landsat Images
Authors: Sultan Niger , Mahmud Abdullah al , Tusar Kamruzzaman , Habib Muhammad Enamul , Chowdhury Sovel Ahsan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the long-term trends in Bangladesh's river estuarine systems over a fifty-year period (1973–2023), with a particular focus on the dynamics of erosion and accretion across twelve significant estuaries. Using a suite of multivariate GIS techniques, including image preprocessing, mosaicking, clipping, supervised and unsupervised classification, ground truthing, and change detection, we analyzed Landsat images from 1973, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2023, sourced from the USGS Earth Explorer. The findings reveal that over the last 50 years, a total of 1,087.56 km² of land was lost due to erosion, while 3,226.52 km² was gained through accretion, leading to a net land area increase of 2,138.95 km² in the studied estuarine systems. The Meghna River estuary emerged as the most dynamic system, with a net gain of 439.04 km², driven by substantial sediment deposition (1,041.06 km²) countered by erosion (602.02 km²). The Feni River estuary followed, exhibiting a significant net accretion of 847.85 km². The Tetulia and Banskhali River estuaries ranked third and fourth, with net increases of 595.34 km² and 281.27 km², respectively. The Bishakhali estuary ranked sixth with a net gain of 31.31 km², followed by the Balaswar, Kunga, and Sela estuaries, which saw net increases of 38.37 km², 19.92 km², and 12.19 km², respectively. Notably, the Arpangasiya estuary experienced a net loss of 9.78 km². Based on these findings, the estuarine systems were classified into three categories according to their land alteration behaviors: Highly Dynamic Systems, which include the Meghna, Feni, and Tetulia estuaries; Moderately Dynamic Systems, comprising the Banskhali, Karnaphuli, Bishakhali, Balaswar, and Kunga estuaries; and Less Dynamic or Erosion-Dominated Systems, including the Sela, Sangu, Payra, and Arpangasiya estuaries. This research underscores the importance of understanding the complex interactions that shape these ecosystems, emphasizing the need for ongoing studies to support conservation and management efforts in the context of environmental change.
Conformationally Defined Planar-Chiral [n]Paracyclophanes Stabilized by Chiral Ansa Chains
Authors: Zhao Changgui , Wang Jiaming , Wen Yilu , Lv Kang , Liu Tao
Published: January 2025

Although chiral substituents have been incorporated into ansa chains to stabilize the conformations of cyclophanes and modulate the biological activities of pharmaceuticals, the asymmetric syntheses of these atropisomers relies on substrate-induced diastereoselective macrocyclization. Consequently, enantio-, atrop-, and diastereoselective macrocyclizations are yet to be reported. Herein, we describe a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) dual-catalytic process for the desymmetrization of 1,3-diols, to achieve macrocyclization and stereoselective control over two chiral elements. It was deduced that the hydrogen bonding of CPA with the 1,3-diols enhanced the diastereoselectivity of the process. As a result, various planar-chiral cyclophanes bearing chiral ansa chains were synthesized. Thermodynamic experiments revealed that the presence of an all-carbon quaternary carbon center on the ansa chain significantly increased the rotational barriers of the cyclophanes. Moreover, density functional theory calculations suggested that the chiral substituent shrinks the ansa chain by compressing the bond angle, thereby rendering the conformational rotation reaction more challenging.
SF-DaM: An Efficient Lightweight Approach for Detecting and Mitigating the TCP SYN Flooding Attacks in SDN
Authors: Rabed Ahmed , Abdulrazzaq Fuaad , Al-Mqdashi Abdulmajid , Al-Sanabani Maher
Published: January 2025

Despite of its impressive advantages over the traditional networks, SoftwareDefined Networking (SDN) still encounters many challenges, especially when it comes to network security problems. The SYN flooding attacks is considered as the most effective and widely adopted DDoS mechanism to mount saturation on SDN control plane as well as on the targeted victim end systems. Although various studies have addressed this problem area, their solutions do not solve the issue efficiently due to the complexity and impracticality of their designs or due to the significant overhead and long time required for attack detection and mitigation. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient lightweight security approach called SF-DaM for providing fast and accurate alleviation of the SYN flooding attacks in SDNs. The proposed SF-DaM employs a lightweight but effective mechanism for monitoring the incoming TCP connection requests and validating their legitimacy with low overhead which make it capable of detecting and blocking the sources of malicious requests quickly without sacrificing the benign host traffics. To demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness, the SF-DaM is fully implemented as an extension module of the SDN POX controller and is evaluated under different conditional scenarios via the Mininet emulator. The experimental results illustrate the out-performance of SF-DaM when compared to the state-of-the-art approaches as it can provide a significant improvement on the attack detection time and benign response time specially under the spoofed attacks scenarios. The results also shows that SF-DaM can significantly reduce the overhead on the controller and its control channels.
Presentation of a New Imaging Classification for Giant Dermoid Cyst. Case Report And Literature Review
Authors: Soto Gervith Reyes , Moreno Daniel Alejandro Vega , Rangel Carlos Castillo , Nikolenko Vladmir , Fulcar Mario Alejandro , Segura Neysa Sabrina Vasquez , Chérubin Tshiunza Mpoyi , Aybar Mario Antonio Furcal , Rosario Andreina Rosario , Ramirez Manuel De Jesus Encarnacion
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Intracranial dermoid cysts are rare, benign tumors, making up 0.04–0.6% of brain tumors and originating from ectodermal cells, unlike more complex teratomas from pluripotent germ cells. Dermoid cysts, containing only ectodermal derivatives, differ from epidermoid cysts by lacking dermal appendages. They commonly cause symptoms like seizures and headaches, with specific types associated with their rupture or chronic presence, impacting nearby brain structures.
Material and Method: Our systematic literature review and case series presentation on neurosurgical management of Giant Dermoid Cysts (GDCs) began by identifying 15 full-text articles that met all inclusion criteria were analyzed in detail along with specific cases from our clinical series. These studies and cases provided insights into diagnostic approaches, surgical techniques, and patient outcomes, emphasizing the complexities of complete resection and the use of advanced surgical technologies.
Results: The clinical outcomes of two patients from our case series were also included: a 32-year-old female presented with progressive headaches and occasional dizziness, undergoing subtotal resection with two subsequent surgeries due to recurrence over a 10-year period, and a 45-year-old male experiencing dizziness and seizures, who underwent successful total resection with no recurrence after 10 years.
Conclusions: This study highlights the complexities involved in managing Giant Dermoid Cysts (GDCs) neurosurgical and underscores the critical role of advanced diagnostic and surgical technologies in improving patient outcomes. Importantly, the introduction of the Reyes-Velez classification system offers a structured approach to diagnosing and managing these cysts, providing clinicians with a valuable tool to enhance surgical planning, predict potential complications, and guide therapeutic decisions. This new classification system is instrumental in advancing the standardization and effectiveness of treatment protocols for GDCs.
Accessible data collection methods in clinical trials: Do current best practices for the implementation of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) meet accessibility standards?
Authors: Mowlem Florence Daisy , O'Donohoe Paul
Published: January 2025

Background
Apps and web browsers, whether on smartphones, tablets or laptops, have become the mainstream methods of capturing clinical outcome assessment (COA) data, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in particular, in clinical trials. There has long been concern around whether implementing traditionally paper-based questionnaires on electronic systems may impact the measurement properties of these carefully validated questionnaires, with migration best practices focusing predominately on this issue. In parallel, app and web-design best practices outside of clinical research have focused on the accessibility and usability of these electronic systems for the widest range of users.
Methods
This article evaluates how existing Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.2) compare to electronic PROM (ePROM) design best practices, identifying where there is alignment or tension, where further evidence is needed to ensure both accessibility and the maintenance of the questionnaire measurement properties, and what accessibility practices can be incorporated into ePROM design best practices today.
Results
Many of the accessibility criteria can be applied to electronic clinical outcome assessment (eCOA) systems now without concern for the integrity of the measure, given their focus is on the software being programmed and built to support content being implemented in a way that enhances overall accessibility and its usability with assistive technologies. The main tensions identified between the accessibility success criteria and ePROM best practices concerned increasing content size and device orientation.
Conclusions
Many accessibility best practices can be adopted in ePROM implementations today, and we must strive to achieve a point where accessibility best practices are (e)PROM best practices to ensure electronic data capture is accessible and usable, leading to more representative trials that are lower burden for patients.
Association between the Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Low Back Pain: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study Using Data from the NHANES 1999–2004
Authors: Yu Weijie , Zhang Yihan , He Chenyu , Yue Xianlong , Jia Mengxian , Chen Minghang , Teng Honglin , Zhou Yang
Published: January 2025

Background: Evidence indicates that the correlation between obesity and low back pain (LBP) is likely multifactorial. To date, no studies have examined the correlation between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and LBP. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and demographic profiles of individuals with and without LBP and examine the potential role of WWI as a risk factor and predictor of LBP.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined a cohort of adult participants who provided comprehensive data on WWI and LBPfrom the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference by the square root of body weight. We explored the association between WWI and LBPusing binary logistic regression modeling and propensity score matching.
Results: The study included 8,041 participants aged over 20 years, of whom 3,134 had a history of LBP. A significant positive correlation was found between WWI and LBP in participants aged over 65 years, indicating that WWI is a strong predictor of LBP in old age groups. In contrast, the relationship between WWI and LBP was less consistent in participants aged 20–64 years, suggesting that other factors may have a more significant influence in other age groups.
Conclusion:
The findings of this study underscore the significance of the WWI as a potential predictor of LBP, particularly in older adults. The robust association observed between higher WWI and the increased prevalence of LBP in individuals highlights the importance of central adiposity as a clinical marker.
Effect of compatibilizer and coupling agent on Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/ Natural Rubber/ Potash Feldspar (EVA/NR/PF) Composites
Authors: Ho Shuh Huey , Chan Ming Yeng , Koay Seong Chun
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the effect of coupling agent (glycolic acid- maleic anhydride treated potash feldspar) and compatibilizer (ethylene vinyl acetate- grafted- benzyl urea) on the tensile test, morphology, FTIR, and thermal properties of EVA/NR composites had been investigated. EVA/NR/PF, EVA/NR/PFGAMA and EVA/NR/PF/EVA-g-BU composites were prepared using brabender plasticoder at temperature of 160 ºC and rotor speed of 50 rpm. EVA/NR/PF, EVA/NR/PFGAMA and EVA/NR/PF/EVA-g-BU composites showed lower tensile strength and elongation at break but higher modulus at 100% elongation (M100) at higher PF loading. However, higher tensile strength, modulus at 100% elongation, thermal stability but lower elongation at break, and crystallinity were illustrated for EVA/NR/PFGAMA and EVA/NR/PF/EVA-g-BU composites. At higher PF loading, EVA/NR/PF composites exhibited smooth surface and the presence of voids and agglomerations. However, EVA/NR/PFGAMA and EVA/NR/PF/EVA-g-BU composites displayed rougher surfaces in comparison to EVA/NR/PF composite. The presence of N-H group from the benzyl urea in EVA/NR/EVA-g-BU composites was found at the absorption of 3434.2 and 3330 cm-1.
Tracing the ‘Cultural’ Element of Small Fisher’s Definition in International Legal Frameworks and its Relevance to Small-fisher Legal Definition in Indonesia Laws
Authors: Nurbani Erlis
Published: January 2025

Varied and un-uniform terminologies and definitions refer to subsistence fishing in Indonesia’s legal framework undermine the efforts to recognize and to protect small-fisher. Variety of terminologies and definitions of small-scale fishers are found in different pieces of legislation, spanning from Job Creation, Fisheries, Regional Autonomy, and Protection and Empowerment of Fisherfolks. This is impacting on how different authorized bodies perceived small-scale fishers and granted their rights. Therefore, this paper would assess it from the perspective international laws, tracing ‘culture’ as an important element of small-fisher from arbitration awards, Law of the Sea Convention 1982 (henceforth the LOSC 1982) and its implementing agreements, FAO Fisheries Laws, and the bilateral agreements under Article 51 paragraph (1) the LOSC 1982. Using doctrinal method, this research found that cultural element of artisanal fishing has been acknowledged in international legal frameworks, could be seen in the concluded bilateral agreements on the recognition of traditional fishing rights (henceforth TFR) in archipelagic waters, the South China Sea and Eritrea/Yemen arbitration awards, as well as non-binding FAO fisheries instruments. Therefore, to be consistent, Indonesia’s legal definition on artisanal fisher shall adopt the same approach.
paradoxos do uso da água:
Authors: Pinage Barbosa Anna Luiza , Borborema Chaché Cristiane
Published: January 2025

A disputa pelo uso dos recursos hídricos é uma das modalidades de conflitos socioambientais existentes na sociedade contemporânea. Nesse contexto, um recurso finito por sua natureza e escasso para o consumo humano, torna-se ainda mais vai valioso ao ser disputado para utilização industrial petroquímicas. Desse modo, objetiva-se apresentar e analisar criticamente o caso do Complexo Petroquímico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (COMPERJ), perpassando por tópicos do Direito Socioambiental inerentes ao caso: da exploração de petróleo ao uso de águas residuais; do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental ao Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta. A metodologia empregada no estudo de caso foi a revisão bibliográfica e legislativa, além da análise de documentos públicos do caso. Por fim, o estudo pode apresentar os conflitos decorrentes do uso das águas pela instalação e operação de indústria petroquímica no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, em estreito paradoxo ao uso precário dos recursos pela sociedade diretamente afetada.
Desenvolvimento de Check-List por meio de Metodologias Ativas, para procedimentos Pré-Operatórios na Clínica Veterinária Da Universidade De Vassouras: Treinamento Técnico para o Discente, Segurança para realização dos Procedimentos e Qualidade no Atendimento
Authors: Dos Santos Filho Mário , Danon Martins Isabella , Bernardes Almeida Santos Fabiana , Butturini de Carvalho Eduardo , Cristina Rocha Roier Erica , Martinez Abreu Ana Paula
Published: January 2025

Com a crescente preocupação com o bem-estar dos animais domésticos em relação aos protocolos operacionais no meio acadêmico e prestação de serviços, o desenvolvimento de materiais que possam diminuir a margem de erro em protocolos de procedimentos, se mostram de grande valia nos serviços veterinários. A participação de alunos na elaboração e uso de materiais lúdicos em seu desenvolvimento, visa estimular pesquisa, conhecimento, e habilidades em metodologia científica. O projeto propõe a criação de um check-list, por meio de metodologias ativas, junto aos discentes, visando guiar os profissionais na compilação de dados para avaliação de riscos pré-anestésicos, proporcionando segurança em procedimentos variados. A difusão do check-list poderá promover compilação assertiva, na modalidade passo-a-passo, priorizando o bem-estar do paciente. Além disso, os vínculos institucionais indiretos com a comunidade local, poderá gerar fidelização de clientes e ampliação da reputação da Clínica Veterinária na sua inserção regional. A supervisão do professor colaborador e a compilação de dados demográficos contribuirão para relatórios e futuros dados estatísticos para a compilação de resultados em médio prazo. Os resultados alcançados demonstram um recurso valioso na promoção da saúde animal, impactando positivamente na formação técnica dos alunos, na segurança dos procedimentos e na satisfação dos clientes da Clínica Veterinária da Universidade de Vassouras.
Comunicação de Más Notícias: o Psicólogo como Mediador entre o Médico e a Família do paciente na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo (UTI)
Authors: Rocha Muniz Thaira Stefani , Novaes Vieira Vanessa , Rosa Assis de Oliveira Thiago
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo científico traz o papel do psicólogo hospitalar na mediação de más notícias entre a tríade médico-paciente-família, dando ênfase principalmente aos familiares dos pacientes internados em uma unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI). Objetivou-se identificar quais são os processos da comunicação encontrados no contexto hospitalar; conceituar os protocolos de comunicação de más notícias desenvolvidos para auxiliar os profissionais de saúde a tornar a comunicação mais efetiva e menos prejudicial ao paciente e seus familiares e apresentar o papel do psicólogo hospitalar como facilitador neste processo de comunicação de más notícias. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa em formato de pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada a partir de uma síntese entre diversos autores, dentre livros e artigos científicos, que abordam a importância da comunicação efetiva do ambiente hospitalar. Diante da pouca literatura encontrada sobre o papel do psicológo hospitalar na comunicação de más notícias em UTI fez-se necessário à realização desse artigo a fim de trazer mais considerações sobre esse tema.  Concluiu-se que o psicólogo hospitalar tem grande importância dentro do contexto de más notícias, visto que esse é o profissional capacitado para uma escuta diferenciada e uma observação minuciosa, na qual é possível a ele perceber quando a comunicação não está acontecendo de forma efetiva.
One-pot, Four-component Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic
Studies of Tetra-substituted Imidazole Derivatives as Potential Mushroom
Tyrosinase Inhibitors
Authors: Naseem Muhammad , Rafique Hummera , Roshan Sadia , Ashraf Zaman , Perveen Fouzia , Tayyab Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

An efficient and four-component one-pot facile synthesis of tetra-substituted imidazole
is achieved by cyclo-condensation reaction of benzil with subsequent successive substitution of aromatic
aldehydes, ester substituted amine and ammonium acetate via refluxing the mixture for almost two hours at
140°C.

Method:

The ending point of the understudy reaction was examined by TLC after regular intervals. Synthesized
1,2,4-tetrasubstituted imidazoles were characterized by physical data and the structural features were
analyzed using spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis.

Results:

The inhibition potential of fabricated compounds was evaluated against the mushroom based Tyrosinase
(polyphenol oxidase) enzyme. Tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives demonstrated significant potent
tyrosinase inhibition activities.

Conclusion:

Pharmacokinetic mechanism and molecular docking studies were also carried out
In Web We Trust: The Promised Cannabidiol Effects on Obesity as a
Matter of Language and Marketing on Webpages
Authors: Roberti Roberta , Comacchio Carla , Colizzi Marco , Mallio Carlo Augusto , Russo Emilio , Di Gennaro Gianfranco
Published: January 2025

Background:

Today more and more people search the web for health-related information,
risking to come across misinformation and biased content that may affect their treatment decisions.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is among the products for which beneficial effects have been claimed, often at
the expense of the risks; further keeping in mind unreliable information reported on products themselves.

Objective:

This study evaluated the quality of information retrieved by Google on the potential effects
of CBD on weight management, also comparing Italian and English contents, hypothesizing
generally low quality and language-driven differences in offered information.

Methods:

Queries regarding cannabidiol and obesity-related terms were entered into Google, ranking
the first 50 webpages from both merged Italian and English results for analysis.

Results:

Of the outputs, 37 Italian and 27 English websites addressed the topic and were not related
to medical literature. As expected, a substantial proportion of information was of low quality, with
English sites performing better (29.6%) than Italian ones (54%, p = 0.052) in terms of “JAMA
benchmarks” for trustworthiness of information. Also, while most English sites were “Health portals”
(40.7%) with neutral stance toward CBD (74.1%), Italian ones were predominantly “commercial”
(78.4%, p = 0.001) and promoting CBD use (89.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Findings suggest the need for better online information, especially in non-Englishspeaking
countries, as scarce and unequal information can lead people to make poor health choices,
with potentially harmful consequences.
Case study: teachers of German as a foreign language at Portuguese universities - drivers of digital education in times of the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Kind Anette , Maur Simone Madeleine Auf Der
Published: January 2025

The Covid-19 pandemic has given a huge boost to the digitalization of university teaching. A central challenge was the ad hoc conversion and adaptation of face-to-face teaching scenarios to digital teaching formats, while respecting the guidelines of both the ministry and the universities. During this transition, lecturers took on a high level of responsibility, as they had to make autonomous didactic decisions in the implementation of digital teaching. This paper focuses on the role of teachers as the driving force behind the digitization of teaching German as a foreign language in Portuguese universities in the context of the pandemic. The data obtained through the qualitative study presented here allowed us to analyze the experiences of teachers and students of German as a foreign language during the pandemic. We conclude that, despite the rapid availability of training courses dedicated to the use of digital tools by universities and the commitment of teachers and students, digital teaching requires not only technical prerequisites and digital skills, but above all a digital didactic specifically orientated towards the teaching of foreign languages in the university context. In the near future, filling this gap will be a central challenge in the process of defining appropriate strategies for digital language teaching.
Winter Cover Crops: Relationship between Photosynthetically Active Radiation Interception and Weed Number and Productivity
Authors: Victoria Buratovich María , Abel Acciaresi Horacio
Published: January 2025

The aim of this work was to determine the photosynthetically active radiation interception (iPAR) during the cover crop (CC) growth cycle, the number and aerial dry matter (ADM) of weeds, and productivity in the following soybean and maize rotation crop. To do this, experiments with CC were performed in 2015-2016 using Hordeum vulgare L., Lolium multiflorum L., Avena sativa L., Bromus unioloides L., Vicia villosa L., Brassica campestris L., Raphanus sativus L., and Avena sativa/Vicia villosa. The iPAR at the vegetative and reproductive stage of CC and the number and ADM of weeds were determined. In Bromus unioloides L., iPAR in tillering was lower than in the other CC grasses (45% and 65%, respectively). In Vicia villosa and Avena sativa/Vicia villosa, iPAR was close to 100%. In cruciferous CC, iPAR percentages during 2015 were 77% in Raphanus sativus and 61% in Brassica campestris, whereas they reached 35% in 2016. No significant differences were recorded in soybean grain productivity, but in maize, productivity was maximum in Avena sativa/Vicia villlosa and Vicia villosa. All CC decreased weed number and ADM regardless of iPAR, thus showing that CC use leads to no productivity losses in the following soybean and corn crops and decreased the use of herbicides.
Development of a Prediction Model and Risk Score for Self-Assessment and High-Risk Population Identification in Liver Cancer Screening: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Xue , Wang Youqing , Li Huizhang , Wang Le , Zhu Juan , Yang Chen , Du Lingbin
Published: January 2025

Background

Liver cancer continues to pose a significant burden in China. To enhance the efficiency of screening, it is crucial to implement population stratification for liver cancer surveillance.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a simple prediction model and risk score for liver cancer screening in the general population, with the goal of improving early detection and survival.

Methods

This population-based cohort study focused on residents aged 40 to 74 years. Participants were enrolled between 2014 and 2019 and were prospectively followed until June 30, 2021. Data were collected through interviews at enrollment. A Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictors and construct the prediction model. A risk score system was developed based on the weighted factors included in the prediction model.

Results

A total of 153,082 study participants (67,586 males and 85,496 females) with a mean age of 55.86 years were included. During 781,125 person-years of follow-up (length of follow-up: median 6.07, IQR 3.07‐7.09 years), 290 individuals were diagnosed with liver cancer. Key factors identified for the prediction model and risk score system included age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.04‐1.08), sex (male: HR 3.41, 95% CI 2.44‐4.78), education level (medium: HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.61‐1.15; high: HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17‐0.78), cirrhosis (HR 11.93, 95% CI 7.46‐19.09), diabetes (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.08‐2.34), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status (positive: HR 3.84, 95% CI 2.38‐6.19; unknown: HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.73‐1.49). The model exhibited excellent discrimination in both the development and validation sets, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.802, 0.812, and 0.791 for predicting liver cancer at the 1-, 3-, and 5-year periods in the development set and 0.751, 0.763, and 0.712 in the validation set, respectively. Sensitivity analyses applied to the subgroups of participants without cirrhosis and with a negative or unknown HBsAg status yielded similar performances, with AUCs ranging from 0.707 to 0.831. Calibration plots indicated an excellent agreement between the observed and predicted probabilities of developing liver cancer over the 1-, 3-, and 5-year periods. Compared to the low-risk group, participants in the high-risk and moderate-risk groups had 11.88-fold (95% CI 8.67‐16.27) and 3.51-fold (95% CI 2.58‐4.76) higher risks of liver cancer, respectively. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the risk score provided a higher net benefit compared to the current strategy. To aid in risk stratification for individual participants, a user-friendly web-based scoring system was developed.

Conclusions

A straightforward liver cancer prediction model was created by incorporating easily accessible variables. This model enables the identification of asymptomatic individuals who should be prioritized for liver cancer screening.
The Feasibility of Large Language Models in Verbal Comprehension Assessment: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Hadar-Shoval Dorit , Lvovsky Maya , Asraf Kfir , Shimoni Yoav , Elyoseph Zohar
Published: January 2025

Background

Cognitive assessment is an important component of applied psychology, but limited access and high costs make these evaluations challenging.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the feasibility of using large language models (LLMs) to create personalized artificial intelligence–based verbal comprehension tests (AI-BVCTs) for assessing verbal intelligence, in contrast with traditional assessment methods based on standardized norms.

Methods

We used a within-participants design, comparing scores obtained from AI-BVCTs with those from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) verbal comprehension index (VCI). In total, 8 Hebrew-speaking participants completed both the VCI and AI-BVCT, the latter being generated using the LLM Claude.

Results

The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) demonstrated strong agreement between AI-BVCT and VCI scores (Claude: CCC=.75, 90% CI 0.266-0.933; GPT-4: CCC=.73, 90% CI 0.170-0.935). Pearson correlations further supported these findings, showing strong associations between VCI and AI-BVCT scores (Claude: r=.84, P<.001; GPT-4: r=.77, P=.02). No statistically significant differences were found between AI-BVCT and VCI scores (P>.05).

Conclusions

These findings support the potential of LLMs to assess verbal intelligence. The study attests to the promise of AI-based cognitive tests in increasing the accessibility and affordability of assessment processes, enabling personalized testing. The research also raises ethical concerns regarding privacy and overreliance on AI in clinical work. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to establish the validity and reliability of this approach and develop more accurate scoring procedures.