bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Under pressure: turbulent plumes in a uniform crossflow
Authors: Jordan Owen H. , Rooney Gabriel G. , Devenish Benjamin J. , van Reeuwijk Maarten
Published: December 2021

Direct numerical simulation is used to investigate the integral behaviour of buoyant plumes subjected to a uniform crossflow that are infinitely lazy at the source. Neither a plume trajectory defined by the centre of mass of the plume

$z_c$

nor a trajectory defined by the central streamline

$z_{U}$

is aligned with the average streamlines inside the plume. Both

$z_c$

and

$z_{U}$

are shown to correlate with field lines of the total buoyancy flux, which implies that a model for the vertical turbulent buoyancy flux is required to faithfully predict the plume angle. A study of the volume conservation equation shows that entrainment due to incorporation of ambient fluid with non-zero velocity due to the increase in the surface area (the Leibniz term) is the dominant entrainment mechanism in strong crossflows. The data indicate that pressure differences between the top and bottom of the plume play a leading role in the evolution of the horizontal and vertical momentum balances and are crucial for appropriately modelling plume rise. By direct parameterisation of the vertical buoyancy flux, the entrainment and the pressure, an integral plume model is developed which is in good agreement with the simulations for sufficiently strong crossflow. A perturbation expansion shows that the current model is an intermediate-range model valid for downstream distances up to

$100\ell _b$

–

$1000 \ell _b$

, where

$\ell _b$

is the buoyancy length scale based on the flow speed and plume buoyancy flux.
Dripping instability of a two-dimensional liquid film under an inclined plate
Authors: Zhou Guangzhao , Prosperetti Andrea
Published: December 2021

It is known that the dripping of a liquid film on the underside of a plate can be suppressed by tilting the plate so as to cause a sufficiently strong flow. This paper uses two-dimensional numerical simulations in a closed-flow framework to study several aspects of this phenomenon. It is shown that, in quasi-equilibrium conditions, the onset of dripping is closely associated with the curvature of the wave crests approaching a well-defined maximum value. When dynamic effects become significant, this connection between curvature and dripping weakens, although the critical curvature remains a useful reference point as it is intimately related to the short length scales promoted by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. In the absence of flow, when the film is on the underside of a horizontal plate, the concept of a limit curvature is relevant only for small liquid volumes close to a critical value. Otherwise, the drops that form have a smaller curvature and a large volume. The paper also illustrates the peculiarly strong dependence of the dripping transition on the initial conditions of the simulations. This feature prevents the development of phase maps dependent only on the governing parameters (Reynolds number, Bond number, etc.) similar to those available for film flow on the upper side of an inclined plate.
A new small soft-bodied non-trilobite artiopod from the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota
Authors: Jiao De-Guang , Du Kun-Sheng , Zhang Xi-Guang , Yang Jie , Eggink Daniel
Published: December 2021

We describe an extraordinarily preserved non-trilobite artiopodBailongia longicaudatagen. et sp. nov. from the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota in Yiliang, Kunming of the Yunnan Province in China. Its exoskeleton consists of a large semi-elliptical cephalon with paired lateral posterior eyes, nine tapering homonomous tergites and a long slender tailspine. Appendages include paired small antennae, at least three pairs of post-antennal cephalic limbs, and trunk biramous limbs consisting of an endopod and an exopod with lamellae.B.longicaudatadoes not conform to any taxon within Artiopoda, although the eyes invite comparisons withXandarella spectaculum,Sinoburius lunarisandPhytophilaspis. Parsimony analyses indicateBailongiais a member of Artiopoda and cannot be readily accommodated within any of the major artiopod clades.
Surnames in south-eastern France: structure of the rural population during the 19th century through isonymy
Authors: Kamel Célia , Saliba-Serre Bérengère , Lizee Marie-Hélène , Signoli Michel , Costedoat Caroline
Published: December 2021

An analysis of the distribution of surnames through time and space allows us to understand the structure of human groups, their exchanges or even their possible isolation. The French population has already been studied through surnames and it has been shown that the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region differed from the rest of France in both the 20th and 21st centuries (Mourrieras et al., 1995; Scapoli et al., 2005). The objective of this study was to understand the population evolution and particularities of the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region through an analysis of the distribution of surnames over an earlier period: the 19th century. For this work, 806,069 birth records from 521 communes between 1810 and 1890 were recorded and a total of 23,340 surnames were collected. The estimation of various isonymic parameters has allowed a description of this corpus never exploited before. In order to appreciate the population evolution, the data set was divided into three periods of 25 years. The canton was the geographical unit of this study, and similarities and differences between each of them were evaluated using Lasker distances, which allow the construction of dendrograms. A positive and significant correlation (p<0.0001) was found between Lasker distances and geographical distances using the Mantel test. The lowest inbreeding estimates were found in the Durance Valley. Migration, estimated from the v-index of Karlin and McGregor (1967), showed higher values in the south-western quarter of the region. The decrease in Rst values across the three periods is consistent with a homogenization of the patronymic between the cantons. This three-period approach showed a population evolution influenced by linguistic, cultural, historical and migratory phenomena since the Middle Ages, disrupted by the socioeconomic changes of the 19th century.
How many and why? A question for Graham Oppy that classical theism can answer
Authors: Gel Enric F.
Published: December 2021

I argue that classical theism has a significant advantage as a theory of the First Cause over Graham Oppy's naturalistic account. This is because classical theism not only gives us a clear answer to the question of how many first causes there are but also because it explainswhythere is that number and not another. In comparison, Oppy's ‘initial physical state’ account seemingly leaves these questions hopelessly open, and so does his ‘metaphysical simples’ proposal for a foundational layer of reality. I end by exploring two arguments from omnipotence and perfection that could be of use also to non-classical theists.
Contents of the approximate number system
Authors: Lyons Jack C.
Published: December 2021

Clarke and Beck argue that the approximate number system (ANS) represents rational numbers, like 1/3 or 3.5. I think this claim is not supported by the evidence. Rather, I argue, ANS should be interpreted as representing natural numbers and ratios among them; and we should view the contents of these representations are genuinely approximate.
Perceived number is not abstract
Authors: Aulet Lauren S. , Lourenco Stella F.
Published: December 2021

To support the claim that the approximate number system (ANS) represents rational numbers, Clarke and Beck (C&B) argue that number perception is abstract and characterized by a second-order character. However, converging evidence from visual illusions and psychophysics suggests that perceived number is not abstract, but rather, is perceptually interdependent with other magnitudes. Moreover, number, as a concept, is second-order, but number, as a percept, is not.
Numerical cognition needs more and better distinctions, not fewer
Authors: Barth Hilary , Shusterman Anna
Published: December 2021

We agree that the approximate number system (ANS) truly represents number. We endorse the authors' conclusions on the arguments from confounds, congruency, and imprecision, although we disagree with many claims along the way. Here, we discuss some complications with the meanings that undergird theories in numerical cognition, and with the language we use to communicate those theories.
Non-symbolic and symbolic number and the approximate number system
Authors: Gómez David Maximiliano
Published: December 2021

The distinction between non-symbolic and symbolic number is poorly addressed by the authors despite being relevant in numerical cognition, and even more important in light of the proposal that the approximate number system (ANS) represents rational numbers. Although evidence on non-symbolic number and ratios fits with ANS representations, the case for symbolic number and rational numbers is still open.
Tuning as convex optimisation: a polynomial tuner for multi-parametric combinatorial samplers
Authors: Bendkowski Maciej , Bodini Olivier , Dovgal Sergey
Published: December 2021

Combinatorial samplers are algorithmic schemes devised for the approximate- and exact-size generation of large random combinatorial structures, such as context-free words, various tree-like data structures, maps, tilings, RNA molecules. They can be adapted to combinatorial specifications with additional parameters, allowing for a more flexible control over the output profile of parametrised combinatorial patterns. One can control, for instance, the number of leaves, profile of node degrees in trees or the number of certain sub-patterns in generated strings. However, such a flexible control requires an additional and nontrivial tuning procedure. Using techniques of convex optimisation, we present an efficient tuning algorithm for multi-parametric combinatorial specifications. Our algorithm works in polynomial time in the system description length, the number of tuning parameters, the number of combinatorial classes in the specification, and the logarithm of the total target size. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a series of practical examples, including rational, algebraic, and so-called Pólya specifications. We show how our method can be adapted to a broad range of less typical combinatorial constructions, including symmetric polynomials, labelled sets and cycles with cardinality lower bounds, simple increasing trees or substitutions. Finally, we discuss some practical aspects of our prototype tuner implementation and provide its benchmark results.
The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Competence Scale (CCS): initial development and validation
Authors: Rodriguez-Quintana Natalie , Choi Seo Youn , Bilek Emily , Koschmann Elizabeth , Albrecht Jeffrey , Prisbe Michael , Smith Shawna
Published: December 2021

Background:

Nearly one-third of youth are affected by a mental health disorder, and the majority do not receive adequate care. To improve clinical outcomes among youth, efforts have been made to train providers in evidence-based mental health practices, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Such efforts call for valid assessment measures that can inform and evaluate training activities.

Aims:

This study presents the development and validation of the CBT Competence Scale (CCS), a brief self-report measure to assess provider competence for CBT delivery.

Method:

Participants were 387 school mental health professionals (SMHPs) working with students in Michigan, USA. Initial items (n=59) were developed to evaluate competence in delivering common elements of CBT, with competence conceptualized as covering domains of knowledge, perception, and use of CBT techniques. CCS validation proceeded in three steps: using item response theory to select the most important items for assessing knowledge, evaluating the factor structure using exploratory and then confirmatory factor analyses, and examining reliability and validity of the resultant measure.

Results:

The validated CCS measure consists of four dimensions of CBT competence across 33 items: Non-behavioral skills, Behavioral skills, Perceptions, and Knowledge. The CCS demonstrated excellent internal consistency and good construct-based validity.

Conclusions:

The CCS holds promise as a valid, informative measure of CBT competence appropriate for the school setting, with potential for application in other environments such as mental health clinics.

Key learning aims

(1)

To provide an overview of the importance of measuring CBT competency.

(2)

To recognize the challenges entailed in measuring CBT competency in under-resourced settings.

(3)

To understand the development and validation of the CCS measure.
Of Promises and Discontents: Mapping India's Response to Guaranteeing the Right to Mental Health during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: SANGHI Sanskriti , JASWAL Raushan Tara
Published: December 2021

As of 2020, close to 1 billion people are living with mental disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and intensified the shortcomings in guaranteeing the right to mental health, particularly of the marginalized. The article discusses the international human rights framework with the endeavour of highlighting the non-derogability of the right and the obligations imposed on States in pursuance of it. By discussing the Indian experience the article exemplifies that, despite greater normative clarity, practice has not been brought into conformity in most States, resulting in pre-existing lacunae being amplified during the pandemic. The article proceeds to outline recommendations for States to consider by treating India as a global reference. The overarching conclusion is that while the pandemic has made it even more apparent that the implementation of the rights-framework is deficient, it has also provided an opportunity to advance which can only be availed by operationalizing this framework.
In welchen Branchen und für welche beruflichen Tätigkeiten werden Psychologinnen und Psychologen gesucht und was sollten sie können?
Authors: Richter Tobias , Hertel Silke , Kubik Veit , Marksteiner Tamara , Souvignier Elmar , Sparfeldt und Jörn R.
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung. Über die Struktur des Arbeitsmarkts für Psychologinnen und Psychologen, insbesondere über die quantitative Verteilung von Stellen auf verschiedene Beschäftigungsbereiche, berufliche Tätigkeiten, geforderte Kompetenzen und Abschlüsse, liegen keine zuverlässigen und aktuellen Informationen vor. Wir berichten die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Inhaltsanalyse von 2025 Stellenanzeigen, die im Zeitraum von jeweils einem Monat in den Jahren 2018 und 2020 in gängigen deutschen Online-Stellenbörsen veröffentlicht wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Arbeitsmarkt für Psychologinnen und Psychologen äußerst vielfältig ist und eine große Bandbreite beruflicher Tätigkeiten im Gesundheits-‍, Bildungs- und Sozialwesen, der Wirtschaft, der Wissenschaft sowie bei Polizei, Justiz und Verwaltung umfasst. Die Psychotherapie war mit 35 % das größte Berufsfeld, während sich die Mehrzahl der Stellen auf berufliche Tätigkeiten verteilte, die sich in der Regel keinem einzelnen Fachgebiet der Psychologie zuordnen ließen. Für 27 % der ausgeschriebenen Stellen war eine Approbation erforderlich, und 28 % der Stellen waren befristet. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Informationen für die Konzeption und professionsorientierte Gestaltung von psychologischen Studiengängen.
Tectonic Control on Drainage Evolution in Broken Forelands: Examples From NW Argentina
Authors: Seagren Erin G. , McMillan Mitchell , Schoenbohm Lindsay M.
Published: December 2021

Planform drainage patterns in orogens reflect the initial control of local structures, resulting in strike‐parallel longitudinal drainage, and the subsequent influence of regional slopes that result from crustal thickening and reorganizing rivers into strike‐perpendicular transverse drainage. However, in broken forelands, out‐of‐sequence range uplift along steep faults results in significant basin‐range relief, suggesting that such regions may not follow the transition from strike‐parallel to strike‐perpendicular drainage and require a distinct model of drainage evolution. Using the broken foreland of NW Argentina as an example, we describe modern and paleo‐topography, planform drainage patterns, and drainage evolution using geomorphic observations and a synthesis of existing thermochronologic, structural, and sedimentologic data. We find three distinct drainage patterns in NW Argentina: (a) major long‐lived, strike‐parallel longitudinal rivers, (b) outlets localized between along‐strike faults, and (c) sharp changes in flow direction that developed as rivers passively deflected around growing structures and top‐down drainage reorganization (e.g., divide overtopping). These drainage patterns formed during Oligocene‐Miocene basin fragmentation and reflect a strong tectonic control. Rivers, unable to incise into rapidly uplifting bedrock, instead deflected and formed major longitudinal rivers that flow along ranges and through structural gaps, and frequently reorganized through top‐down processes. Sustained high relief between basins and ranges suggest that longitudinal drainages are entrenched and unlikely to reorganize into transverse rivers. These drainage patterns and their evolution are distinct from the expected longitudinal‐transverse progression in thin‐skinned and thick‐skinned tectonic wedges. We therefore suggest the fluvial evolution of broken forelands may be more comparable to extensional landscapes.
Hostile Workplaces Drive Minorities from the Geosciences
Authors: Donovan Robin
Published: December 2021

A pipeline of minoritized groups doesn’t ensure retention, a survey finds.
Empirical Low‐Frequency Earthquakes Synthesized From Tectonic Tremor Records
Authors: Ide Satoshi
Published: December 2021

Tectonic tremor and low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are two different representations of the high‐frequency (>1 Hz) components of broadband slow earthquakes, which have been discovered in various tectonic regions. Although LFEs are considered building blocks of tremor, it is difficult to find constituent LFEs for some long‐duration tremor sequences. Here we introduce a new scheme to synthesize an impulsive response from a tremor source, or empirical LFE (eLFE), from complex tremor sequences. The eLFE is constructed by maximizing the absolute amplitude (L∞ norm) of the normalized and stacked waveforms of many tremor sequences at many stations. This problem includes a highly multimodal objective function, which is maximized via a combined optimization method that incorporates a genetic algorithm and iterative improvements. We first apply this method to several validation tests using synthetic tremor waveforms and real LFEs, and then tremor activities where few nearby LFEs have been detected. One example is the Okayama tremor, which has been known to be extraordinarily sensitive to tidal stress. The eLFE is helpful in determining the accurate hypocentral location and recovering the long‐term comprehensive tremor activity via a matched‐filter analysis. The well‐constrained depth of the Okayama tremor sources is less than 30 km, which suggests that the subducting Philippine Sea Plate is very shallow at this distant location from the trench axis. This eLFE scheme highlights the fact that tremor sequences may be composed of random fluctuations that are not necessarily impulsive and emphasizes the importance of characterizing such randomness to better understand slow earthquake behavior.
Landfast Ice Controls on Turbulence in Antarctic Coastal Seas
Authors: Inall Mark E. , Brearley J. Alexander , Henley Sian F. , Fraser Alexander D. , Reed Sarah
Published: December 2021

Knowledge of the ocean surface layer beneath Antarctic landfast ice is sparse. In this article surface layer turbulent and fine structure are quantified with and without landfast ice at the same West Antarctic Peninsula location. Landfast ice reduced turbulence levels locally to an order of magnitude less than ice‐free values, and near‐inertial energy and sub‐inertial tidal energy levels to less than half their ice‐free values. Vertical turbulent heat and nutrient fluxes were, respectively, 6 and 10 times greater than previously estimated. Under‐ice tidal energy dissipation over the entire Antarctic continental shelf due to seasonal landfast ice cover is estimated to be between 788 MW to ∼6 GW. The total rate of wind‐generated turbulence in the surface ocean is greatly reduced by the presence of seasonal landfast ice to an average of 14% of the ice‐free value, but with large sectoral variations. Counter‐intuitively, however, tides and wind contribute approximately equally to the turbulent kinetic energy budget of the upper ocean between the Antarctic coastline and the maximal landfast ice extent, with large sectoral variations, attributed to geographic variations in the strength of the barotropic tide.
Evaluation of Temperature‐Dependent Complex Refractive Indices of Supercooled Liquid Water Using Downwelling Radiance and In‐Situ Cloud Measurements at South Pole
Authors: Rowe Penny M. , Walden Von P. , Brandt Richard E. , Town Michael S. , Hudson Stephen R. , Neshyba Steven
Published: December 2021

Clouds have a large effect on the radiation budget and represent a major source of uncertainty in climate models. Supercooled liquid clouds can exist at temperatures as low as 235 K, and the radiative effect of these clouds depends on the complex refractive index (CRI) of liquid water. Laboratory measurements have demonstrated that the liquid‐water CRI is temperature‐dependent, but corroboration with field measurements is difficult. Here we present measurements of the downwelling infrared radiance and in‐situ measurements of supercooled liquid water in a cloud at temperatures as low as 240 K, made at South Pole Station in 2001. These results demonstrate that including the temperature dependence of the liquid‐water CRI is essential for accurate calculations of radiative transfer through supercooled liquid clouds. Furthermore, we show that when cloud properties are retrieved from infrared radiances (using the spectral range 500–1,200 cm−1) spurious ice may be retrieved if the 300 K CRI is used for cold liquid clouds (∼240 K). These results have implications for radiative transfer in climate models as well as for retrievals of cloud properties from infrared radiance spectra.
Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylase associates with clinical variables in a longitudinal cohort study of Parkinsons disease
Authors: van Kessel Sebastiaan P. , Auvinen Petri , Scheperjans Filip , El Aidy Sahar
Published: December 2021

Gut microbiota influences the clinical response of a wide variety of orally administered drugs. However, the underlying mechanisms through which drug–microbiota interactions occur are still obscure. Previously, we reported that tyrosine decarboxylating (TDC) bacteria may restrict the levels of levodopa reaching circulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We observed a significant positive association between disease duration and the abundance of the bacterial tdc-gene. The question arises whether increased exposure to anti-PD medication could affect the abundance of bacterial TDC, to ultimately impact drug efficacy. To this end, we investigated the potential association between anti-PD drug exposure and bacterial tdc-gene abundance over a period of 2 years in a longitudinal cohort of PD patients and healthy controls. Our data reveal significant associations between tdc-gene abundance, several anti-PD medications, including entacapone, rasagiline, pramipexole, and ropinirole but not levodopa, and gastrointestinal symptoms, warranting further research on the effect of anti-PD medication on microbial changes and gastrointestinal function.
Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles enriched serum associated with future ischemic stroke
Authors: Mitaki Shingo , Wada Yasuko , Sheikh Abdullah Md. , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Nagai Atsushi
Published: December 2021

Identifying new biomarkers beyond the established risk factors that make it possible to predict and prevent ischemic stroke has great significance. Extracellular vesicles are powerful cell‒cell messengers, containing disease-specific biomolecules, which makes them powerful diagnostic candidates. Therefore, this study aimed to identify proteins derived from extracellular vesicles enriched serum related to future ischemic stroke events, using a proteomic method. Of Japanese subjects who voluntarily participated in health checkups at our institute a number of times, 10 subjects (6 males and 4 females, age: 64.2 ± 3.9 years) who developed symptomatic ischemic stroke (7.3 ± 4.4 years’ follow-up) and 10 age‒sex matched controls without brain lesions (6.7 ± 2.8 years’ follow-up) were investigated. Extracellular vesicles enriched fractions were derived from serum collected at the baseline visit. Differentially expressed proteins were evaluated using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute protein quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis. Of the 29 proteins identified, alpha-2-macroglobulin, complement C1q subcomponent subunit B, complement C1r subcomponent, and histidine-rich glycoprotein were significantly upregulated (2.21-, 2.15-, 2.24-, and 2.16-fold, respectively) in subjects with future ischemic stroke, as compared with controls. Our study supports the concept of serum-derived extracellular vesicles enriched fractions as biomarkers for new-onset stroke. These proteins may be useful for prediction or for targeted therapy.
MicroSEC filters sequence errors for formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples
Authors: Ikegami Masachika , Kohsaka Shinji , Hirose Takeshi , Ueno Toshihide , Inoue Satoshi , Kanomata Naoki , Yamauchi Hideko , Mori Taisuke , Sekine Shigeki , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Yatabe Yasushi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Tanaka Sakae , Mano Hiroyuki
Published: December 2021

The clinical sequencing of tumors is usually performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and results in many sequencing errors. We identified that most of these errors are detected in chimeric reads caused by single-strand DNA molecules with microhomology. During the end-repair step of library preparation, mutations are introduced by the mis-annealing of two single-strand DNA molecules comprising homologous sequences. The mutated bases are distributed unevenly near the ends in the individual reads. Our filtering pipeline, MicroSEC, focuses on the uneven distribution of mutations in each read and removes the sequencing errors in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples without over-eliminating the mutations detected also in fresh frozen samples. Amplicon-based sequencing using 97 mutations confirmed that the sensitivity and specificity of MicroSEC were 97% (95% confidence interval: 82–100%) and 96% (95% confidence interval: 88–99%), respectively. Our pipeline will increase the reliability of the clinical sequencing and advance the cancer research using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples.
Scaling advantage of chaotic amplitude control for high-performance combinatorial optimization
Authors: Leleu Timothée , Khoyratee Farad , Levi Timothée , Hamerly Ryan , Kohno Takashi , Aihara Kazuyuki
Published: December 2021

The development of physical simulators, called Ising machines, that sample from low energy states of the Ising Hamiltonian has the potential to transform our ability to understand and control complex systems. However, most of the physical implementations of such machines have been based on a similar concept that is closely related to relaxational dynamics such as in simulated, mean-field, chaotic, and quantum annealing. Here we show that dynamics that includes a nonrelaxational component and is associated with a finite positive Gibbs entropy production rate can accelerate the sampling of low energy states compared to that of conventional methods. By implementing such dynamics on field programmable gate array, we show that the addition of nonrelaxational dynamics that we propose, called chaotic amplitude control, exhibits exponents of the scaling with problem size of the time to find optimal solutions and its variance that are smaller than those of relaxational schemes recently implemented on Ising machines.
Advancing COVID-19 diagnosis with privacy-preserving collaboration in artificial intelligence
Authors: Bai Xiang , Wang Hanchen , Ma Liya , Xu Yongchao , Gan Jiefeng , Fan Ziwei , Yang Fan , Ma Ke , Yang Jiehua , Bai Song , Shu Chang , Zou Xinyu , Huang Renhao , Zhang Changzheng , Liu Xiaowu , Tu Dandan , Xu Chuou , Zhang Wenqing , Wang Xi , Chen Anguo , Zeng Yu , Yang Dehua , Wang Ming-Wei , Holalkere Nagaraj , Halin Neil J. , Kamel Ihab R. , Wu Jia , Peng Xuehua , Wang Xiang , Shao Jianbo , Mongkolwat Pattanasak , Zhang Jianjun , Liu Weiyang , Roberts Michael , Teng Zhongzhao , Beer Lucian , Sanchez Lorena E. , Sala Evis , Rubin Daniel L. , Weller Adrian , Lasenby Joan , Zheng Chuansheng , Wang Jianming , Li Zhen , Schönlieb Carola , Xia Tian
Published: December 2021

Artificial intelligence provides a promising solution for streamlining COVID-19 diagnoses; however, concerns surrounding security and trustworthiness impede the collection of large-scale representative medical data, posing a considerable challenge for training a well-generalized model in clinical practices. To address this, we launch the Unified CT-COVID AI Diagnostic Initiative (UCADI), where the artificial intelligence (AI) model can be distributedly trained and independently executed at each host institution under a federated learning framework without data sharing. Here we show that our federated learning framework model considerably outperformed all of the local models (with a test sensitivity/specificity of 0.973/0.951 in China and 0.730/0.942 in the United Kingdom), achieving comparable performance with a panel of professional radiologists. We further evaluated the model on the hold-out (collected from another two hospitals without the federated learning framework) and heterogeneous (acquired with contrast materials) data, provided visual explanations for decisions made by the model, and analysed the trade-offs between the model performance and the communication costs in the federated training process. Our study is based on 9,573 chest computed tomography scans from 3,336 patients collected from 23 hospitals located in China and the United Kingdom. Collectively, our work advanced the prospects of utilizing federated learning for privacy-preserving AI in digital health.
Terpyridine copper(ii) complexes as potential anticancer agents by inhibiting cell proliferation, blocking the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells
Authors: Gu Yun-Qiong , Zhong Yu-Jun , Hu Mei-Qi , Li Huan-Qing , Yang Kun , Dong Qi , Liang Hong , Chen Zhen-Feng
Published: December 2021

Four terpyridine copper(ii) complexes were prepared and they showed excellent cytotoxic activity, which induced mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Complex 1 suppressed cell proliferation in vivo.
Semi-paracrystallinity in semi-conducting polymers
Authors: Marina Sara , Gutierrez-Fernandez Edgar , Gutierrez Junkal , Gobbi Marco , Ramos Nicolás , Solano Eduardo , Rech Jeromy , You Wei , Hueso Luis , Tercjak Agnieszka , Ade Harald , Martin Jaime
Published: December 2021

We introduce a new structural model for polymer materials: the semi-paracrystallinity. The assessment of structural order in semi-paracrystalline materials requires to consider the quality of ordering of the paracrystalline lattice and the degree of paracrystallinity.
COS-triggered oxygen/sulfur exchange of isatins: chemoselective synthesis of functionalized isoindigos and spirothiopyrans via self-condensation and the thio-Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhou Hui , Ren Bai-Hao , Ren Wei-Min , Lu Xiao-Bing
Published: December 2021

An efficient organocatalyzed oxygen/sulfur exchange of isatins in the presence of COS has been achieved. Notably, in situ generated 3-thioisatins could be chemoselectively transformed into functionalized isoindigos and spirothiopyrans.
Multiscale porous single-atom Co catalysts for epoxidation with O2
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zou Yong , Zhang Mingkai , Gou Wangyan , Zhang Sai , Qu Yongquan
Published: December 2021

The single-atom Co anchored on N-doped carbon supports with a multiscale porous structure has been successfully constructed for the epoxidation of cyclooctene with 95% yield of 1,2-epoxycycloheptane at 140 °C and 0.5 MPa O2.
A 2D/2D/2D Ti3C2Tx@TiO2@MoS2 heterostructure as an ultrafast and high-sensitivity NO2 gas sensor at room-temperature
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Lv He , Xie Ying , Wang Jue , Fan Jiahui , Sun Baihe , Jiang Lin , Zhang Yang , Wang Ruihong , Shi Keying
Published: December 2021

A 2D/2D/2D Ti3C2Tx@TiO2@MoS2 heterostructure was achieved via a facile one-step hydrothermal strategy; it showed an excellent gas sensing performance to NO2, which is mainly attributed to numerous active sites and unique three-phase heterointerfaces.
Wide-bandgap organic solar cells with a novel perylene-based non-fullerene acceptor enabling open-circuit voltages beyond 1.4 V
Authors: Hofinger Jakob , Weber Stefan , Mayr Felix , Jodlbauer Anna , Reinfelds Matiss , Rath Thomas , Trimmel Gregor , Scharber Markus C.
Published: December 2021

A novel wide-bandgap perylene-based acceptor (PMI-FF-PMI) allows the fabrication of efficient organic solar cells with an extraordinary high open-circuit voltage beyond 1.4 V.
Reactive phosphine combinatorial co-sputtering of cation disordered ZnGeP2 films
Authors: Schnepf Rekha R. , Crovetto Andrea , Gorai Prashun , Park Anna , Holtz Megan , Heinselman Karen N. , Bauers Sage R. , Brooks Tellekamp M. , Zakutayev Andriy , Greenaway Ann L. , Toberer Eric S. , Tamboli Adele C.
Published: December 2021

High-throughput synthesis and characterization methods were used to investigate ZnGeP2 thin films.
The spatial evolution of young massive clusters
Authors: Buckner Anne S. M. , Khorrami Zeinab , González Marta , Lumsden Stuart L. , Clark Paul , Moraux Estelle
Published: December 2021

Context. With the third release of the high-precision optical-wavelength Gaia survey, we are in a better position than ever before to study young clusters. However, Gaia is limited in the optical down to G ∼ 21 mag, and therefore it is essential to understand the biases introduced by a magnitude-limited sample on spatial distribution studies.

Aims. We ascertain how sample incompleteness in Gaia observations of young clusters affects the local spatial analysis tool INDICATE and subsequently the perceived spatial properties of these clusters.

Methods. We created a mock Gaia cluster catalogue from a synthetic dataset using the observation generating tool MYOSOTIS. The effect of cluster distance, uniform and variable extinction, binary fraction, population masking by the point spread function wings of high-mass members, and contrast sensitivity limits on the trends identified by INDICATE are explored. A comparison of the typical index values derived by INDICATE for members of the synthetic dataset and their corresponding mock Gaia catalogue observations is made to identify any significant changes.

Results. We typically find only small variations in the pre- and post-observation index values of cluster populations, which can increase as a function of incompleteness percentage and binarity. No significant strengthening or false signatures of stellar concentrations are found, but real signatures may be diluted. Conclusions drawn about the spatial behaviour of Gaia-observed cluster populations that are, and are not, associated with their natal nebulosity are reliable for most clusters, but the perceived behaviours of individual members can change, so INDICATE should be used as a measure of spatial behaviours between members as a function of their intrinsic properties (e.g., mass, age, object type), rather than to draw conclusions about any specific observed member.

Conclusions. INDICATE is a robust spatial analysis tool to reliably study Gaia-observed young cluster populations within 1 kpc, up to a sample incompleteness of 83.3% and binarity of 50%.
A solar coronal loop in a box: Energy generation and heating
Authors: Breu C. , Peter H. , Cameron R. , Solanki S. K. , Przybylski D. , Rempel M. , Chitta L. P.
Published: December 2021

Context. Coronal loops are the basic building block of the upper solar atmosphere as seen in the extreme UV and X-rays. Comprehending how these are energized, structured, and evolve is key to understanding stellar coronae.

Aims. Here we investigate how the energy to heat the loop is generated by photospheric magneto-convection, transported into the upper atmosphere, and how the internal structure of a coronal magnetic loop forms.

Methods. In a 3D magnetohydrodynamics model, we study an isolated coronal loop rooted with both footpoints in a shallow layer within the convection zone using the MURaM code. To resolve its internal structure, we limited the computational domain to a rectangular box containing a single coronal loop as a straightened magnetic flux tube. Field-aligned heat conduction, gray radiative transfer in the photosphere and chromosphere, and optically thin radiative losses in the corona were taken into account. The footpoints were allowed to interact self-consistently with the granulation surrounding them.

Results. The loop is heated by a Poynting flux that is self-consistently generated through small-scale motions within individual magnetic concentrations in the photosphere. Turbulence develops in the upper layers of the atmosphere as a response to the footpoint motions. We see little sign of heating by large-scale braiding of magnetic flux tubes from different photospheric concentrations at a given footpoint. The synthesized emission, as it would be observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly or the X-Ray Telescope, reveals transient bright strands that form in response to the heating events. Overall, our model roughly reproduces the properties and evolution of the plasma as observed within (the substructures of) coronal loops.

Conclusions. With this model we can build a coherent picture of how the energy flux to heat the upper atmosphere is generated near the solar surface and how this process drives and governs the heating and dynamics of a coronal loop.
The supernova of the MAGIC gamma-ray burst GRB 190114C
Authors: Melandri A. , Izzo L. , Pian E. , Malesani D. B. , Della Valle M. , Rossi A. , D’Avanzo P. , Guetta D. , Mazzali P. A. , Benetti S. , Masetti N. , Palazzi E. , Savaglio S. , Amati L. , Antonelli L. A. , Ashall C. , Bernardini M. G. , Campana S. , Carini R. , Covino S. , D’Elia V. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , De Pasquale M. , Filippenko A. V. , Fruchter A. S. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Giunta A. , Hartmann D. H. , Jakobsson P. , Japelj J. , Jonker P. G. , Kann D. A. , Lamb G. P. , Levan A. J. , Martin-Carrillo A. , Møller P. , Piranomonte S. , Pugliese G. , Salvaterra R. , Schulze S. , Starling R. L. C. , Stella L. , Tagliaferri G. , Tanvir N. , Watson D.
Published: December 2021

We observed GRB 190114C (redshiftz = 0.4245), the first gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected at TeV energies, at optical and near-infrared wavelengths with several ground-based telescopes and theHubbleSpace Telescope, with the primary goal of studying its underlying supernova, SN 2019jrj. The monitoring spanned the time interval between 1.3 and 370 days after the burst, in the observer frame. We find that the afterglow emission can be modelled with a forward shock propagating in a uniform medium modified by time-variable extinction along the line of sight. A jet break could be present after 7 rest-frame days, and accordingly the maximum luminosity of the underlying supernova (SN) ranges between that of stripped-envelope core-collapse SNe of intermediate luminosity and that of the luminous GRB-associated SN 2013dx. The observed spectral absorption lines of SN 2019jrj are not as broad as in classical GRB SNe and are instead more similar to those of less-luminous core-collapse SNe. Taking the broad-lined stripped-envelope core-collapse SN 2004aw as an analogue, we tentatively derive the basic physical properties of SN 2019jrj. We discuss the possibility that a fraction of the TeV emission of this source might have had a hadronic origin and estimate the expected high-energy neutrino detection level with IceCube.
Gyrochronological dating of the stellar moving group Group X
Authors: Messina S. , Nardiello D. , Desidera S. , Baratella M. , Benatti S. , Biazzo K. , D’Orazi V.
Published: December 2021

Context. Gyrochronology is one of the methods currently used to estimate the age of stellar open clusters. Hundreds of new clusters, associations, and moving groups unveiled by Gaia and complemented by accurate rotation period measurements provided by recent space missions such as Kepler and TESS are allowing us to significantly improve the reliability of this method.

Aims. We use gyrochronology, that is, the calibrated age-mass-rotation relation valid for low-mass stars, to measure the age of the recently discovered moving group Group X.

Methods. We extracted the light curves of all candidate members from the TESS full frame images and measured their rotation periods using different period search methods.

Results. We measured the rotation period of 168 of a total of 218 stars and compared their period-colour distribution with those of two age-benchmark clusters, the Pleiades (125 Myr) and Praesepe (625 Myr), as well as with the recently characterised open cluster NGC 3532 (300 Myr).

Conclusions. As result of our analysis, we derived a gyro age of 300 ± 60 Myr. We also applied as independent methods the fitting of the entire isochrone and of the three brightest candidate members individually with the most precise stellar parameters, deriving comparable values of 250 Myr and 290 Myr, respectively. Our dating of Group X allows us to definitively rule out the previously proposed connection with the nearby but much older Coma Berenices cluster.
New insights into Viticulture, Enology and Vitivinicultural Economy: Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 2021
Authors: Cunha Jorge , Caldeira Ilda , Canas Sara
Published: December 2021

New insights into Viticulture, Enology and Vitivinicultural Economy arise from the fourteen articles published by the Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola in 2021. Research carried out by several international teams covered a wide range of topics that seek to respond to current main challenges: chemical, morphological and anatomical features of the grapevine cultivars explored to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses; seaweed foliar application to grapevines as an innovative and integrated vineyard management technique; nutritional management of grapevine cultivars under cold climate conditions and under water constraint scenarios; viability and cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic solar energy for wineries; viticultural technologies and the food safety of wine; characterization of grapes and methods for juice production; chemical composition of grape seeds; development of analytical and sensory methodologies; portrait of the wine spirits sector in Portugal and its recent evolution.
Isomer yields in nuclear fission
Authors: Al-Adili A. , Gao Z. , Lantz M. , Solders A. , Österlund M. , Pomp S.
Published: December 2021

The generation of angular momentum in the fission process is still an open question. To shed light on this topic, we started a series of measurements at the IGISOL-JYFLTRAP facility in Finland. Highprecision measurements of isomeric yield ratios (IYR) are performed with a Penning trap, partly with the aim to extract average root-mean-square (rms) quantities of fragment spin distributions. The newly installed Phase-Imaging Ion-Cyclotron Resonance (PI-ICR) technique allows the separation of masses down to tens of keV, which is suffcient to disentangle many isomers. In this paper, we first summarize the previous measurements on the neutron and proton-induced fission of uranium and thorium, e.g. the odd cadmium and indium isotopes (119 ≤ A ≤ 127). The measurements revealed systematic trends as function of mass number, which stimulated further exploration. A recent measurement was performed at IGISIOL and several new IYR data will soon be published, for the first time. Secondly, we employ the TALYS nuclear-reaction code to model one of the newly measured isomer yields. Detailed GEF and TALYS calculations are discussed for the fragment angular momentum distribution in 134I.
Comparative assessment of the regional strategies commitment to sustainable development goals
Authors: Leuhova Marija , Korchagina Irina , Rogova Ksenia
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development of the region is possible only if there is a development strategy focused on the goals and principles of sustainability. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the adherence of regional strategies to the principles of sustainable development and to test it. The methodology includes an analysis of the occurrence of keywords (descriptors) related to the essence and goals of sustainable development, comparative analysis, the use of the Wilcoxon T–test to assess the statistical significance of differences. The materials for the study are three options for the development strategy of the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass for 2008, 2018, 2020. The results of the study showed that the commitment to sustainable development is growing. The occurrence of the corresponding descriptors increased by 40–50% during the development of a new version of the strategy. The 2018 version put more emphasis on good health and well–being, quality education, clean water, and responsible consumption and production compared to the previous version. In the 2020 version, the frequency of occurrence of descriptors related to water, responsible consumption and production, and the fight against climate change increased. Changes in the overall occurrence of sustainable development descriptors and the relationship between individual goals are explained by two reasons. The first reason is changes in the objective socio–economic situation in the region, such as an aging population or increased dependence on one industry (coal industry). The second factor is the change in the methodology used for developing the strategy. The use of strategy theory and strategy methodology allows you to balance the relationship between different goals of sustainable development.
Influence of digitalization on the development of social entrepreneurship in the regions of Russian Federation
Authors: Veretennikova Anna , Kozinskaya Kseniya
Published: December 2021

The development of social entrepreneurship as a relatively new form of solving social problems depends on many factors, particularly on the institutional environment and its digitalization. Information processing systems and various activities associated with digital technologies affect almost all aspects of economic activity. This study aims to analyze and substantiate the impact of digital transformation processes on social enterprises in the regions of the Russian Federation. Regression and correlation analysis was used as a research method. In the course of testing the hypothesis about the influence of the digital component on the development of social entrepreneurship, the importance of investment in informatization and communications and the share of the population using the Internet in a particular region are shown.