bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical menopause initiates molecular changes that do not result in mechanical changes in normal and healing ligaments
Authors: Thornton G. M. , Reno C. R. , Achari Y. , Morck D. W. , Hart D. A.
Published: March 2015

Objectives

Ligaments which heal spontaneously have a healing process that is similar to skin wound healing. Menopause impairs skin wound healing and may likewise impair ligament healing. Our purpose in this study was to investigate the effect of surgical menopause on ligament healing in a rabbit medial collateral ligament model.

Methods

Surgical menopause was induced with ovariohysterectomy surgery in adult female rabbits. Ligament injury was created by making a surgical gap in the midsubstance of the medial collateral ligament. Ligaments were allowed to heal for six or 14 weeks in the presence or absence of oestrogen before being compared with uninjured ligaments. Molecular assessment examined the messenger ribonucleic acid levels for collagens, proteoglycans, proteinases, hormone receptors, growth factors and inflammatory mediators. Mechanical assessments examined ligament laxity, total creep strain and failure stress.

Results

Surgical menopause in normal medial collateral ligaments initiated molecular changes in all the categories evaluated. In early healing medial collateral ligaments, surgical menopause resulted in downregulation of specific collagens, proteinases and inflammatory mediators at 6 weeks of healing, and proteoglycans, growth factors and hormone receptors at 14 weeks of healing. Surgical menopause did not produce mechanical changes in normal or early healing medial collateral ligaments. With or without surgical menopause, healing ligaments exhibited increased total creep strain and decreased failure stress compared with uninjured ligaments.

Conclusions

Surgical menopause did not affect the mechanical properties of normal or early healing medial collateral ligaments in a rabbit model. The results in this preclinical model suggest that menopause may result in no further impairment to the ligament healing process. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:38–44
Retraction: Food and social background of nasopharyngeal cancer patients in Jakarta
Authors: Roezin Averdi
Published: March 2015

The Editorial Board wishes to apologize for publishing the following article in the Medical Journal of Indonesia, vol. 6 # 4, October-December 1997 edition.
"Food and social background of nasopharyngeal cancer patients in Jakarta" by A. Roezin.
This article is a duplication of an article written by the same author under the same title, publishedÂ in the Asean Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Journal vol.1 # 1, January-March 1997 edition.
New ‘new localism’ or the emperor's new clothes: diverging local social policies and state–voluntary sector relations in an era of localism
Authors: Rees James , Rose Nigel
Published: March 2015

This paper aims to examine what the policy, practice and academic implications are of England becoming a container of diverse social policies as a result of the implementation of policies of localism. Through a case study of Greater Manchester (GM), it addresses the implications for the local voluntary sector. GM is a key example of an ambitious local public sector assemblage that is attempting complex, large-scale policy implementation in the context of greater devolution.
Immature Publics: Democratic Revolutions and Youth Activists in the Eye of Authority
Authors: Fournier Anna
Published: March 2015

In the last decade or so, we have witnessed the spread of so-called democratic revolutions across post-Soviet states, Northern Africa, and the Middle East, and young people have often been at the forefront of these protest movements. This article tracks ruling elite discursive responses to youth-led protests, and particularly elites’ constructions of the political agency of youth in Ukraine (the Orange Revolution of 2004) and in the Russian Federation (the anti-government protests of 2011–2012). I propose that it is the slippage between different figurations of youth agency (as both pawn and threat, dangerous and defenseless) that makes tropes of youth useful for elites to think and act with. Drawing on work on millennial capitalism, I argue that ruling elites’ use of these tropes reveals their anxiety about governing post-Soviet “citizen-consumers” who appear youth-like in their susceptibility to seduction by Western goods, values, and practices. Through their depictions of protesters as pre-moral and pre-rational (mindless, senseless, easily brainwashed or “bought” by the West), elites in Ukraine and Russia equate the advance of neoliberalism on their territories with the (re)infantilization of their citizenries. On the one hand, these elite discourses provide local audiences with a critical perspective on neoliberalism, but on the other hand, they also articulate a powerful logic of civic exclusion—one that extends not only to young people but also potentially to dissenters of all ages.
Creolized Conservation: A Belizean Creole Community Encounters a Wildlife Sanctuary
Authors: Johnson Melissa
Published: March 2015

In this article, I analyze the implementation and management of Crooked Tree Wildlife Sanctuary in rural Creole (Afro-Caribbean) Belize as a process of creolization. Encounters between different villagers, Belizean and international conservationists, and government officials in creating and running the sanctuary generated both synthesis and disjuncture in the conservation policy and practice that emerged. Differently positioned actors shifted their claims depending on context, reflecting the ambivalence that characterizes rural Creole culture, to further their interests as they created conservation in Belize. I use the metaphor of creolization to capture the ambivalence of subjects as they adopt varying and, sometimes, contradictory positions in fields of uneven relations of power. The metaphor shows how temporary syntheses emerge out of the encounters between these subjects. My analysis thus reveals how “local” peoples, often imagined as pawns in global processes, can be creative agents in the generation of global forms
Ambiguities of Seduction: Photography and the “Islamic” Policy of Portuguese Colonialism
Authors: Machaqueiro Mário
Published: March 2015

In Guinea-Bissau—since the late 1950s—and in Mozambique—from the mid-1960s until the collapse of the dictatorship and end of the colonial wars—the Portuguese colonial administration developed a conciliatory approach to Muslim leadership with the purpose of co-opting them into the colonizer’s side of the war that was being waged against local nationalist movements. This manipulative strategy, based upon an idea of identity promotion, was not only documented in photographs but also used them in order to construct and expand its propaganda’s effects. Muslim chieftains and Islamic dignitaries in public ceremonies, or on their way to pilgrimages to Mecca sponsored by the Portuguese state, were pictured side by side with governors, ministers, and the President of the Republic. Such photos were tailored to stage those Muslims’ “proximity” to the core of colonial rule. Other photographs displayed them in historical sites in the metropolis, suggesting their full membership in an idealized Portuguese nation. Drawing on this sort of visual material and contrasting it with other sources, this article addresses the way photographs were strategically constructed to depict an idea of harmony between Muslims, particularly those from Guinea-Bissau and the Portuguese colonial regime. Its reading method will try to analyze the images beyond their manifest content, disclosing the embarrassment or annoyance of the authorities, the subtle suggestion of colonial hierarchies, as well as the framing and control of the colonized.
From “Country Bumpkins” to “Tough Workers”: The Pursuit of Masculinity Among Male Factory Workers in China
Authors: Kim Jaesok
Published: March 2015

This article explores the formation of a new industrial underclass in post-Mao China, focusing on a group of young male workers’ gendered interpretation of their subjection to an exploitative factory regime. I examine the experiential and performative dimensions of this subjection, which are intricately linked to China’s insertion into the global capitalist economy. The transformation of China into the “world’s factory” depended on the dramatic increase of foreign direct investment and the rapid expansion of labor-intensive, low-skilled factory jobs that favored the labor of rural migrant women. While the “feminization of production labor” generated some positive outcomes among the women workers, it turned a group of unskilled young male migrants into an industrial underclass. These men assumed menial jobs that drained their physical strength while offering virtually no chance of promotion or improvement in their future lives. Male workers reacted to the exploitative factory regime by engaging in binge drinking and extreme forms of anti-social behavior. This case study shows how class solidarity is sometimes deflected into the domain of gender conflict.
On The Bridge: Class and the Chronotope of Modern Romance in an American Love Story
Authors: Lipset David
Published: March 2015

In the anthropology of romance in North America, little research has been done on 1) the relationship between love and society, and 2) love narratives. Drawing from Bakhtin’s notion of the chronotope (1981; , ) and sociology of aesthetic taste, this article presents an exegesis of one falling-in-love narrative elicited from a young, middle-class man. As attraction develops episodically in the narrative, shared aesthetic tastes overcome perceived differences. During such moments, which I call chronotopes of modern romance, spatial and temporal boundaries break down and agency is called into question. I argue that in this case, a middleclass background not only appears to influence the tastes which lovers disclose to one another, the most conspicuous being their attraction for each other, but it also imbues the very chronotope of romance in which they do so.
What is an Indigenous Author?: Minority Authorship and the Politics of Voice in Mexico
Authors: Faudree Paja
Published: March 2015

This article examines the politics of voice in Mexican indigenous authorship for the insights it might offer anthropological theory. It takes up the multiple barriers of access indigenous authors face in participating in authorship as a general project, noting the importance of authorship as a point of entry into such universal projects as citizenship, modernity, human rights, democracy, and intellectual property rights. That resonance places the case of Mexican indigenous authors within an established line of anthropological inquiry aiming to examine universal projects ethnographically. I suggest that the particular politics of voice in Mexican indigenous authorship depends on multiple forms of “vocal constriction.” Indigenous authors try to reverse this reduction of heteroglossia by espousing assorted strategies designed to expand the vocalic field. My analysis here shows how particular indigenous authors have deployed such strategies, and indicates some of the effects of their efforts. In particular, I stress one “strategy” that most indigenous authors would neither recognize as such nor consciously adopt: the cultivation of conflict, through promoting opposing models of indigenous authorship. I claim that indigenous authors routinely instantiate and expand upon indigenous authorship through an agonistic semiotic process whereby their own models of authorship are opposed to those that other indigenous authors embody. While the participants themselves rarely see such conflicts as productive, their disputes perform crucial labor in expanding the field of possibility for indigenous authors. Thus attending to the politics of voice surrounding authorship offers a new and relatively untapped vein of inquiry for the ethnographic analysis of large-scale social projects. Furthermore, given the discipline’s disproportionate interest in authorship as a reflexive rather than ethnographic endeavor, engaging with authorship ethnographically offers a new opportunity for moving outside entrenched grooves in disciplinary discourse and practice.
Revising the Narrative of Failure: Reconsidering State Failure in Nuruddin Farah’s Knots
Authors: Lagji Amanda Ruth Waugh
Published: March 2015

This article connects recent research on failed states with Nuruddin Farah’s novel Knots to argue that literature can model alternative forms of state organization as well as point to the limitations of the conceptual term “failed state.” Farah’s novel draws attention to the problematically gendered nature of failed state theories and mobilizes storytelling as a medium to present imaginative alternatives to the traditional nation-state model that the United Nations has tried to install in Somalia. Both the recovery of Cambara’s family home and the play performed within its walls are made possible by the Women’s Network for Peace, a grassroots collective of women whose members are based primarily in Mogadiscio but also extend transnationally. I offer a reading of Knots that not only concurs with critiques of the “failed state” concept but also suggests the Women’s Network as an alternative model for governance in the absence of centralized government. Knots revises the narrative of failure by portraying a metric of “success” within the much-maligned Somalia that prevailing considerations of state failure dismiss.
“Let Us Begin with a Smaller Gesture”: An Ethos of Human Rights and the Possibilities of Form in Chris Abani’s Song for Night and Becoming Abigail
Authors: Moore Alexandra Schultheis , Goldberg Elizabeth Swanson
Published: March 2015

This essay intervenes in current debates over human rights-oriented approaches to literature through a reading of Chris Abani’s two novellas. As opposed to critics who want to either embrace or unmask human rights in literature, we argue that Abani mediates between these two poles through close attention to the ways in which literary form and aesthetic can craft a shared ethos between reader and text. In depicting the short lives of a child soldier and sex trafficked young girl, he emphasizes the limits of the law: the gap between the human subject and the legal person whose legal claims are recognizable. At the same time, his narratives are not sentimental, and they challenge readers to extend a recognition of shared humanity across facile divides of right or wrong behavior. If, as Abani posits, we cannot become fully human without the courage to unmask ourselves, then the endeavor of human rights must also submit to a similar unmasking of its foundational paradoxes, limitations, pretentions, and complicities precisely in order to live into or embrace the fuller manifestation of justice toward which it gestures. More specifically, we examine the interplay of lyric and narrative voices within the context of the novellas to show how Abani deploys temporal and aesthetic constructions in response to the limits of normative human rights (legal instruments and official discourses). Rather than calling upon the reader’s responsibility and fostering literary humanitarianism (which has been extensively critiqued as paternalistic by scholars such as Joseph Slaughter and Elizabeth Anker), Abani’s delicate balance of lyric and narrative generates a more complicated ethos of reciprocity between the reader and the subjects whom the text calls into being as characters.
Multilingual Novels as Transnational Literature: Yann Martel’s Self
Authors: Sabo Oana
Published: March 2015

Yann Martel’s experimental novel Self (1996) recounts the story of a young man’s gender transformation as he negotiates his national and linguistic identity through cosmopolitan and multilingual affiliations. To convey the tropes of mobility and flexibility, the novel juxtaposes English and several other languages in parallel columns, inviting comparisons across discrete linguistic and literary traditions. Conceptualized from the start as a multilingual novel, Self challenges monolingual ways of classifying national literature and raises questions about plurilingual texts’ placement in literary canons, their implied readers, and their translation into other languages. This article draws on recent debates about transnationalism to read Self as a novel whose formal strategies require a mode of reading predicated on comparison and translation. Readers are encouraged to simultaneously conceive of distinct languages relationally and uncover the hegemonic relationship between global and local languages in Canada and internationally. Through its formal aesthetics, which underscores both the opportunities and limits of multilingualism, Martel’s polyglot novel contributes valuable insights to current discussions of transnational literature.
Contesting Clarke: Towards A De-Racialized African-Canadian Literature
Authors: Valentine Desi
Published: March 2015

This article draws on personal narrative, literary criticism, and multicultural Canadian literature to interrogate George Elliott Clarke’s conceptualizations of a Black Canadian literature and a racialized African-Canadian literary canon in his 2002 essay collection Odysseys Home: Mapping African-Canadian Literatures . Clarke’s work is juxtaposed with my own experience as a bi-racial, multi-ethnic, Black, Negro, mulatto, half-caste, African-Canadian woman, and with those of non-Black scholars, to expose the shifting contours of ethnicity and the blurred and blurring boundaries of Canadian blackness in multi-, mixed-, and indeterminately racial Canada. Through these critical comparisons, I suggest that a racialized African-Canadian literary canon excludes the multiple Canadian cultures in which our literatures are formed, and supports racial constructs that no longer fit the shapes of our multi-ethnic, diasporic, postcolonial skins. I conclude that upon the fertile ground tended by Clarke’s Black literary activism, a de-racialized African-Canadian literature may grow.
In Defence of “the Lesser Cousin of History”: An Interview with Rohan Wilson
Authors: Dalley Hamish , Wilson Rohan
Published: March 2015

Few branches of postcolonial literature are as contested as the historical fiction of settler societies. This interview with the Australian historical novelist Rohan Wilson, author of The Roving Party (2011) and To Name Those Lost (2014), explores the intersections between truth, accuracy, and existential authenticity in his fictional accounts of nineteenth-century Tasmania. Wilson offers a nuanced yet robust defence of fiction’s role in narrating colonial history. He explains his intentions in writing two linked yet distinctive novels of the frontier—one that focuses on the “Black War” of the 1820s and 1830s, and another that explores how racial violence is refracted by capitalism in subsequent decades.
Late “Arrivants” to Creative Writing: An Interview with Lucy Dlamini
Authors: Vincent Kerry
Published: March 2015

Lucy Dlamini is a Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Swaziland. She has published drama and fiction in English and siSwati. Dlamini’s English language fiction includes the novel The Amaryllis (2001), as well as short stories that explore how local patriarchal structures exploit tradition and culture to subjugate women. She has also written a play in siSwati, Kuba Njalo Nje (1995), and edited two poetry anthologies, The Soul Selects (2008) and When Fishes Flew & Other Poems (2009). In the interview, Dlamini discusses early influences on her writing, local Anglophone and siSwati writing, censorship, and the publishing industry in Swaziland.
Resisting the Event: Aesthetics of the Non-Event in the Contemporary South Asian Novel
Authors: Anwer Megha
Published: March 2015

This essay interrogates the ways in which contemporary fiction from the subcontinent responds to the preoccupation with the spectacular event in Western philosophy, historiography, and popular media discourse. Today, this seemingly unanimous and all-pervasive fixation with colossal moments—revolutionary, politically progressive, or apocalyptic, terroristic ones—grips our collective global imaginary like never before. The collapse of the twin towers and the post-9/11 context of the war on terror have produced dominant discourses that accept, willy-nilly, the cloying power of event-centric narratives. In this context I study Vikram Chandra’s Sacred Games , Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things , and Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist to suggest that contemporary literary experimentation emerging from South Asia proactively resists the catastrophic event’s magnetic power to create an inescapable force field that keeps everything constantly aligned in relation to it.
Re-Search: The Missing Pieces in Investigating African-American Relationship Dynamics and Implications for hiv Risk
Authors: Newsome Valerie , Davis Zupenda , Dinac Jessica
Published: March 2015

Rates of hiv/aids are disproportionately high among African-Americans. Most prevention messaging has been focused at the individuals, while many of the drivers of hiv risk for African-Americans exist systemically. In order to make significant strides in hiv prevention and intervention, programs must account for the unique context of life experiences for African-Americans. In this manuscript, we make a call for conducting studies that more comprehensively examine the historical, societal, structural, and community-level factors that affect African-American heterosexual relationships, perpetuating increased risk for hiv/aids .
Cross-Racial Relationships on Family-Themed Television Shows: An Indicator for Larger Race Relations in the United States
Authors: Mowatt Earl S.
Published: March 2015

This research sought to examine portrayals of cross-racial relationships on popular family-themed television shows, focusing on three dimensions of human interactions; 1) interdependence, 2) individuation, and 3) romantic involvement. The units of analysis for this study were relationship interactions between European Americans and minority (e.g., African American and Hispanic) group members. Content analysis was used for this exploratory study to examine the extent that mainstream ideologies regarding race are embedded into the scripts of these popular shows. Findings from the study reveal that patterns of cross-racial relationships on television are very similar to some real world experiences. Analyzing scripted broadcast portrayals may provide a means for understanding larger race relations in society.
From Princess to Queen: A Black Feminist Approach to Positive Sexual Identity Development
Authors: Evans Erika , Dyson Don
Published: March 2015

Historically, research literature has focused on prevention components of sexuality with the African American community. There has been an emphasis on topics such as teenage pregnancy, unplanned births, contraceptive use, and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Using a Black Feminist Theoretical framework, this study explores how Black women construct ideas about Black womanhood and sexuality through the narratives and experiences of their network, which can include family members and community members. The purpose of this approach is to help transition the deficit based, prevention only, hypersexual messages that have permeated the Black female community into an empowering approach to sexuality and sexuality research.
Cohabitation and Repartnering among Low-Income Black Mothers
Authors: Golub Andrew , Reid Megan
Published: March 2015

Serial cohabitation has increased dramatically in the U.S., especially in the low-income Black population. The purpose of the study is to understand cohabiting and co-parenting relationships among unmarried cohabiting low-income urban Black families on their own terms, identifying the strengths, challenges, and unique needs of these families. Though cohabitation patterns varied widely, most participants had extensive periods living without a partner. This finding provides more support for the unbalanced marriage markets explanation than the serial cohabitation explanation. Indeed, most participants’ children (83%) had none or only one resident father prior to the current cohabitation. Implications for having a new resident father and child development are discussed.
The Exploration of Theater as Innovative Tool to Improve hiv Rates Among Black Men
Authors: Reed Christopher A. , Livingston Jonathan , Williams Ariel , Eaton Sherry C. , Brinson Leslie C. , Brandon Dwayne T. , Chappell Grayson
Published: March 2015

The current study assessed the impact of theater, as a health education intervention, upon knowledge of risk factors that contribute to hiv/aids and sexually transmitted infections among black males. Participants ( n = 124) were given measures to assess their hiv/aids knowledge and sexual behavior before and after the play “Lonely Words”. Paired sample t-tests were used to investigate mean differences in the responses for each of the items on both the knowledge and behavior scales. Results indicated that there was an increase in total knowledge scores for black men after viewing the play. Theater also proved to be effective in increasing the likelihood of condom use among black men and an increased likelihood of black men discussing their sexual pasts with their respective partners. Such studies may assist in the design of behavioral interventions that may help reduce the risk of hiv/aids among a high-risk population.
The Female Condom: Knowledge, Image, and Power
Authors: Boyd Kimberly , Perkins Patrice , Lawrence Kimberly , Sutherland Jennifer , Blake Kai
Published: March 2015

The present study examined the effectiveness of a brief intervention that provided knowledge about female condoms, promoted awareness, and allowed open discussions on an individual’s attitude and intent to use the female condom. The Theory of Planned Behavior was used to examine how knowledge, health awareness, and communication may affect an individual’s attitudes and influence her decision to use the female condom. Surveys were administered to 85 African American college students. A paired samples t-test was used to determine the effectiveness of the brief fc2 intervention at increasing knowledge, attitudes, and intentions to use the fc2 among the participants. Findings from the study suggest that providing information and open discussions about female contraception may influence intentions to use female condoms.
Seeing Prussia through Austrian Eyes: The Kölner Ereignis and Its Significance for Church and State in Central Europe
Authors: Berg Scott
Published: March 2015

In 1837 Prussia arrested Clemens August Droste zu Vischering, archbishop of Cologne, in a dispute over mixed marriages. This event, known as the Kölner Ereignis (The Cologne Incident), ignited protests and riots for more than a year and re-energized Catholicism in Germany. Examining the Kölner Ereignis reveals that, in contrast to Prussia, Austria was a nonconfessional state. Rooted in the Enlightenment, its church system had legitimacy and stability for its subjects. Comparing the two German powers in the Kölner Ereignis sheds light on this event and important features of these two states that tend to be overshadowed by later developments, most notably the Reichsgründung.
“Not Because They Are Catholic, But Because We Are Catholic”: The Bishops’ Engagement with the Migration Issue in Twentieth-Century America
Authors: Scribner Todd J.
Published: March 2015

From the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century American Catholic bishops were mainly guided by two priorities in their work on behalf of migrants arriving in the United States: providing for the pastoral and material needs of their flock and advocating for fellow Catholics. In the second half of the twentieth century the primary rationale behind the bishops’ migration-related activities began to shift. Although pastoral and institutional considerations remained important, a universal moral ethic—a “social mission”—became more pronounced as the guiding force behind the Church’s work with migrant populations.
The Efforts to Sign a Concordat between Chile and the Holy See in 1928
Authors: Araneda Carlos Salinas
Published: March 2015

With the enactment of the Chilean Constitution of 1925 that resulted in the separation of church and state, discussions took place regarding the signing of a concordat between Chile and the Holy See. Although references to this event have been made, the existence of actual proposals was unknown. The opening to researchers of the materials in the Vatican Secret Archives pertaining to the papacy of Pius XI has led to the discovery of three documents drafted as the parties worked to reach a final concordat. The author discusses these documents.
Doing It Rite: Specialized Catholic Action and Liturgical Renewal in Quebec, 1930s–1960s
Authors: Cuplinskas Indre
Published: March 2015

This investigation of the intersection of Specialized Catholic Action and liturgical renewal in Quebec from the 1930s to the early 1960s analyzes the theological foundations of liturgical renewal and explores the ways in which these ideas were communicated and received. What emerges is an important source for Catholic Action spirituality that complements influences such as personalist thought, yet it is too often overlooked in scholarship on Quebec. Liturgical renewal was shared with other segments of the Church in Quebec, was actively encouraged by the hierarchy, and embodied the connection between activities internal to the Church and the Church’s role in society.
The Retrospective Self
Authors: Clark Elizabeth
Published: March 2015

The author reflects on her career working in the history of early Christianity, including discussion of her undergraduate and graduate study, teaching activities, publications, and relationships with colleagues.
Patron-Client Relations and Ecclesiastical Careers: Securing a Place in a Portuguese Cathedral (1564–1640)
Authors: da Silva Hugo Ribeiro
Published: March 2015

In this study on the role of patronage in ecclesiastical careers, the central role of Rome in the distribution of benefices in Portuguese cathedrals is highlighted. Kings, bishops, and others used canonries as payment for services rendered. Although the virtues of the applicants for canonries were important, patronage ties could override personal qualifications. There also were alternative routes to obtaining an office in a cathedral that circumvented the power of the appointment holders, which allowed some to overcome possibly weaker patronage ties.
Putting Down Routes: Translocal Place in The Secret Garden
Authors: Slater Katharine
Published: March 2015

Although critics frequently classify The Secret Garden as British or Anglo-American, Frances Hodgson Burnett’s novel resists those national affiliations. Place in Garden is translocal; Yorkshire here functions as an embodied site constituted through literary and lived global networks that transcend its intimate physical borders. Reading this novel within the broader context of Burnett’s U.S. regionalist fiction, short stories that indicate her career-long commitment to hybrid localities, this essay argues that Garden shows us how we might rethink literature’s spatialization outside familiar local-national-transnational paradigms.
Dolls in Holocaust Children’s Literature: From Identification to Manipulation
Authors: Van Tuyl Jocelyn
Published: March 2015

In first-wave children’s Holocaust literature, dolls symbolize loss primarily through the toy’s identification with its owner and her peacetime childhood. Subsequent texts subject dolls to increasingly complex manipulations—both physical and conceptual—through which dolls fulfill adaptive, strategic, and subversive functions. Dolls’ uses in Shoah stories are both mimetic (characters are shown interacting with dolls) and diegetic (narrators use dolls both to teach young readers about the Holocaust and to shield them from some Shoah knowledge). Doll play thus illustrates children’s Holocaust literature’s conflicting imperatives to instruct and protect readers.
The Kind of Tale Everybody Thneeds?: Ecocriticism, Class, and the Filmic Lorax
Authors: McKee Arielle C.
Published: March 2015

The 2012 film Dr. Seuss’ The Lorax makes explicit its desire to not just adapt but to “bigger” Seuss’s eco-fable. This narrative expansion advocates community-based action and promotes a more ecocentric consciousness while simultaneously and retrogressively particularizing the source of environmental destruction presented by the book. By narratively and visually coding the environmental threat as working class and individualized, this movie channels eco-activism away from the powerful. Further, moving outward to the film’s larger cultural context, the movie’s marketing tie-ins facilitate the unraveling of the very group-based activism that the narrative endorses, re-individualizing environmental change as merely “Lorax-approved” consumption-as-usual.
Psychoanalysis, “Gothic” Children’s Literature, and the Canonization of Coraline
Authors: Buckley Chloé Germaine
Published: March 2015

Neil Gaiman’s novel Coraline (2002) has, for many critics, come to epitomize twenty-first-century gothic children’s fiction. Coraline borrows from Freud’s “The ‘Uncanny’” to create an animistic realm, populated by symbols readily interpreted as infantile cathexes and repressed material. Critical assessment of the novel likewise evaluates it in these terms. Indeed, it is something of a critical commonplace to declare that psychoanalysis, the gothic, and the uncanny are the most apt tools for understanding the “child.” This paper asks what is culturally invested in this psychoanalytic reading of childhood. Using the case of Coraline , and remaining neutral about the truth value of psychoanalysis, this paper reopens gothicized uncanny childhood space to alternative readings.
In Fraternity’s Wake: Nancy, Derrida, and Algerian Independence
Authors: Armstrong Philip
Published: March 2015

Taking its point of departure from Jean-Luc Nancy and Jacques Derrida’s exchanges around the concept of fraternity, the essay explores Nancy’s claim that Derrida was “mistaken” regarding this decisive political concept, one inherited from the revolutionary tradition. The essay follows the reinscription of Nancy’s writings on fraternity within a number of Derrida’s texts, addressing those moments in both their writings when fraternity comes to haunt any suggestion that it has finally exhausted itself as a concept, run aground in the wake of its revolutionary inheritance. The focus of the argument concerns Derrida and Nancy’s respective writings on post-Independence Algeria.
Nancy’s Worlds
Authors: Conley Verena Andermatt
Published: March 2015

Like “nature,” the term “world” has been reassessed by many but by none so much as Jean-Luc Nancy. He does so in an ongoing and transformative way in many of his writings, often in dialogue not only with philosophers and artists but also with scientists. This article shows that this rethinking of the term is accompanied by a paradigm shift from a foundational architectural metaphor to a contemporary thinking of worlds (in the plural) as ephemeral and contingent constructions with no presuppositions. Nancy’s discussion of the paradigm shift is accompanied by an insistence on bringing about new modes of existence, on transforming habits of thought and action into a habitus that will recompose a world now said to be in perpetual flux.
What Is to Be Done?
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: March 2015

This essay offers a “post-deconstructive” take on the question what is to be done? Working through the question’s first appearance in the title of Chernyshevsky’s novel, through Lenin’s political mutation of it, to Derrida’s deconstruction of the question precisely as a question, it argues that what really is at stake in the question is the advent of sense—sense that always precedes, exceeds, or else even fall short of what we determine as that which should be done. It also suggests that what is critical in the question is the preposition “to,” which opens all actions or gestures involved in “what is to be done” to a multiplicity of sense.
Philosophical Prepositions: Ecotechnics Là Où Digital Exhibition
Authors: Murray Timothy
Published: March 2015

Given digital transformations in representation, virtuality, and artistic experience, how might philosophy continue to provide a productive avenue for thinking the relations between art and technology? Following a brief summary of recent French philosophical accounts of art and new technology, this essay explores Jean-Luc Nancy’s expansive thinking on technology in the digital moment. While Nancy would be the last philosopher to deny the negative socioeconomic features of the global network, he might be the first to insist that it be inhabited philosophically through the thought of exposition in order to permit technique to figure differently. Throughout his texts, Nancy mobilizes the prepositional construct là où to figure the open touch of art and to render heterogeneous the most traditional concepts of state and world, particularly as these concepts are now enveloped with the fractal skin of digital technology. This essay further suggests that Ryoji Ikeda’s digital installation, “The Transfinite,” performs Nancy’s distinction between the hegemonic tradition of technologie and the exposition of écotechnie . Écotechnie activates the spacings of touch, proximity, and (près)positionality that constitute the potential energetic horizons of technology. The parameters of écotechnie shake and disturb predetermined assumptions about the culture, capital, and violence of technology and its relation to art and philosophy.
El Peronismo de la Ruptura: La disidencia leal, 1973–1974
Authors: Garategaray Martina
Published: March 2015

En el período que va desde el regreso de Perón a la Argentina y el emblemático 1 de mayo de 1974, una serie de hechos definieron posiciones al interior del movimiento peronista y cimentaron posteriores rupturas: “la masacre de Ezeiza”, el asesinato de Rucci, los documentos conocidos como la “Charla a los Frentes” y “La Biblia”, la no concurrencia por parte de Montoneros a la tercera entrevista con Perón y la renuncia de los Diputados de la Tendencia Revolucionaria a sus bancas. En este artículo buscamos explorar una de aquellas rupturas, la de la Lealtad, a partir de un análisis centrado en los discursos públicos que circularon en las revistas de la época.
Speculation and Multiple Dedications in Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum
Authors: Mccarthy Erin A.
Published: March 2015

This essay analyzes how the dedications in Aemilia Lanyer’s Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum (1611) not only mark the transition between the reciprocal gift economy of patronage and commercial book sales but also recommend the book to an emerging female readership. Salve Deus famously contains eleven prefatory poems and yet does not seem to have earned the author significant financial support. Lanyer’s dedications and title poem work together to market the book to a growing female readership, and publisher Richard Bonian’s decision to include these poems suggests that he thought these seemingly personal poems would increase the book’s appeal to a more general group of potential readers.
Recent Studies in the English Renaissance
Authors: Fuchs Barbara
Published: March 2015

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of the English Renaissance and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of the works received by SEL for consideration follow.
On Not Choking in Herbert’s “The Collar”
Authors: Nace Nicholas D.
Published: March 2015

This essay investigates Herbert’s process of actively avoiding his most deeply relevant conceptual terms: “host” in “Love (III)” and “choke” in “The Collar.” I argue that the residue of Herbert’s verbal erasures contributes to the attenuation of any dominant framework through which to bind together the poem’s various references to restraint, horticulture, and seafaring. This frustration is revealed through the poem’s critical history, in which a variety of governing concepts are promoted. A focus on expected images that are not fully present but are suggested by its title reveals Herbert’s own vexed relationship with satire, specifically his indebtedness to the language of satiric affect suitable to the poem’s rebellious dimension—an indebtedness that finally cannot be fully articulated, as the poem itself demonstrates, within a devotional context.
Edmund Waller’s “Easy” Style and the Heroic Couplet
Authors: Kaminski Thomas
Published: March 2015

In the 1630s, Edmund Waller introduced a new couplet prosody (the “easy” style) that sought to accommodate the natural rhythms of speech to the iambic pentameter line. He achieved this by exploiting the phrasal character of the closed couplet. Waller’s new versification closely paralleled the phrasal movement of the French alexandrine, which may have served as a model. In addition, the “sweetness” and smoothness for which he was praised also betray an attempt to achieve Continental standards of poetic elegance. Later poets such as John Dryden would turn Waller’s “easy” versification into the heroic couplet.
Suckling’s Fragmenta Aurea and the Construction of Cavalier Authorship
Authors: Zajac Paul Joseph
Published: March 2015

This essay examines representations of Sir John Suckling in polemical texts of the 1640s as a context for reinterpreting the publication of his works by Humphrey Moseley in the collection Fragmenta Aurea (1646). Parliamentarian propaganda had condemned Suckling on moral, political, and artistic grounds, transforming him into a Cavalier caricature. Through Moseley’s paratextual materials and Suckling’s own literary works, Fragmenta Aurea responds to these attacks and presents a fragmentary figure of Suckling that calls into question the caricaturizing process of the anti-Royalist polemics. In the process, the volume makes Suckling into the foundation for the very concept of Cavalier authorship.
Amber, the Heliades, and the Poetics of Trauma in Marvell’s “The Nymph Complaining”
Authors: Kelley Shannon
Published: March 2015

This essay recovers the cultural and historical significance of Baltic amber and introduces a new, untragic model of female subjectivity and trauma in Andrew Marvell’s “The Nymph Complaining for the Death of Her Fawn.” Given amber’s impact in European economic history, I argue that its Ovidian origin in the Heliades’ tears is significant, for these trees ironically create a superior, imperishable resin that exceeds that of healthy, nonweeping trees. Renaissance poets who refer to the Heliades’ amber tears expand our understanding of the period’s configurations of mourning by validating symptoms of trauma often seen as unnatural or pathological.
Rape and Republicanism in Shakespeare’s Lucrece
Authors: Kunat John
Published: March 2015

The right of citizens to consent to laws is one of the primary tenets of Elizabethan republican discourse. However, “consent” is not merely a political concept but a multivalent term that has important meanings in relation to gender and sexuality. In The Rape of Lucrece , Shakespeare rewrites Livy’s narrative about the birth of the republic in a way that explores the relationship among these different forms of consent, demonstrating that speech acts concerned with agreement, promising, and vowing—all of which involve the assent of the will—are themselves implicated in the gendered and sexualized production of political agency.
Milton’s Spenser: Eden and the Work of Poetry
Authors: Wadoski Andrew
Published: March 2015

This essay reads Milton’s Eden as a critical appropriation of Spenser’s image of the mutable world. It argues that Edenic work epitomizes Milton’s engagement with Spenser’s poetry as a site of creative origins and reveals these poets’ common vision of poetry’s virtues as inseparable from individual experiences of freely interpreting images of creation. Linking Spenserian quest’s redemptive labor with the first parents’ work in Eden, it argues that Spenser bequeaths to Milton’s poetry a broadly georgic ethos in which virtue is discovered not in our encounters with transcendent forms but rather in our movements through the postlapsarian world.
Renaissance Petrarchism and Medieval Begging in Robert Sidney’s Sonnets
Authors: Sokolov Danila
Published: March 2015

This essay explores the vernacular genealogies behind the rhetorical interlacement of disease, desire, and poverty in the sonnets of Robert Sidney, with references to Shakespeare’s sonnets; and it considers the implications of bringing the medieval languages of poetic selfhood to bear on our interpretation of Renaissance texts. I argue that Sidney’s figural alignment of bodily sickness, pecuniary lack, and unrequited desire contains traces of medieval English begging poetry—namely the works of Geoffrey Chaucer, John Lydgate, and Thomas Hoccleve. Consequently, the essay raises questions about the relationship between early modern Petrarchan poetry—a Renaissance discourse par excellence—and the discursive structures and forms of subjectivity found in English medieval poetry, problematizing traditional accounts of English literary history.
Transforming Milton’s Paradise Lost into Arabic
Authors: Issa Islam
Published: March 2015

This paper analyzes Mohamed Enani’s [Muhammad Muhammad ‘Inani] Arabic translation of Milton’s Paradise Lost . It shows how linguistic and stylistic aspects of the translation enhance, shift, or distort some of the emphases of Milton’s original text. Factors such as lexical substitution, the use of Qur’anic diction, and the translator’s annotational method are likely to affect, and often intensify, an Arab-Muslim reader’s response to the language and meaning of the poem. Through these analyses, it becomes clear that cultural and theological dimensions of the translation can significantly shape and color an Arab-Muslim reader’s understanding of the epic poem today.
Uncles’ generation: Adult male fans and alternative masculinities in South Korean popular music
Authors: Ha Jarryn
Published: March 2015

This article discusses the recent emergence of adult male fans of Korean pop (K-pop) music who openly engage themselves in fan activities typically associated with teenagers (particularly teenage girls) and the significance of their adoration of young female celebrities. The recent appearance of the ‘samchon/uncle fans’ in the K-pop culture discourse marks the first instance since the early 1990s, when teenagers became the primary target audience of South Korea’s entertainment industry, in which male adults reclaimed a significant position as a demographic group of fans. The samchon fans differ from the traditional ajossi (middle-aged, patriarchal men) listeners of adult contemporary music in the kinds of singers and musical genres to which they listen, as well as in their self-identification as fans, participation in fan activities and mass media portrayals. I investigate the implications of the men’s consumption pattern and their representation in South Korean mass media within the contexts of the history of the construction of hegemonic masculinity in South Korea and of recent developments in East Asian popular culture. I also explore possible ways to apply, complicate and question existing theoretical and conceptual frameworks to explain the phenomenon and argue for the possibility of politically potent, alternative masculinities constructed and manifested through the men’s conspicuous consumption of cultural commodities.