bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of the milking patency test when performing the arterial microanastomosis in head and neck surgery
Authors: Podeur Fabien , Peyrachon Benjamin , Nokovitch Lara , Dammacco Maria Adèle , Qassemyar Quentin , Deneuve Sophie
Published: June 2019

Background

The milking patency test (MPT) is widely used to assess the patency of microanastomosis, despite it being proven to be a traumatic test.

Methods

We performed microanastomoses with intentional two‐wall stitches and asked senior microsurgeons to evaluate the permeability of the anastomoses by looking first at the results of the MPT, then according to artery pulsation.

Results

Microsurgeons were all accurate in evaluating normal or clamped anastomoses. But in anastomoses with defects, the MPT was considered normal 94%, 85%, and 73%. MPT has a positive predictive value of 100% but with a negative predictive value of 27.5%. Observation of the artery pulsation distal to the anastomosis gave similar results.

Conclusions

Our experiment shows that the two‐wall stitches on arterial anastomoses are hardly detected by an MPT. The observed pulsation of the artery gives the same results and could be used instead, without damaging the vessels.
Factors of the evolution of fatigue dimensions in patients with breast cancer during the 2 years after surgery
Authors: Person Hélène , Guillemin Francis , Conroy Thierry , Velten Michel , Rotonda Christine
Published: June 2019

Women with breast cancer are increasingly being cured of the disease but fatigue remains the most frequently reported symptom. The aims of our study were to identify distinct trajectories in four fatigue dimensions during 2 years after breast cancer surgery and to explore the demographic, clinical and personality characteristics associated with these profiles. We included women from the prospective longitudinal multicenter FATSEIN cohort in France. They completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory for nine follow‐ups over 24 months after surgery. A group‐based trajectory model identified distinct trajectories in each fatigue dimension. Multinomial logistic regression determined the factors associated with each profile. From the 459 women followed, 3–5 fatigue trajectories were revealed in each fatigue dimension, from its absence to its severest degree. In our multivariate analysis, the risk of severe fatigue was decreased in all dimensions by a high quality of life before surgery (measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 30‐item QoL questionnaire; e.g., for general and physical fatigue: OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.91, 0.96), especially a high physical and emotional functions for general and physical fatigue, and a high cognitive function for mental fatigue. Both severe mental fatigue and severely reduced motivation worsened with low optimism before surgery (e.g., for mental fatigue: OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.89, 0.97). Severely reduced activities increased by having chemotherapy (OR = 9.41, 95% CI 2.28, 38.79). Targeting women at risk for severe fatigue can provide early preventive and curative treatment and appropriate psychological support.
Rational Design of Electronically Labile Dinuclear Fe and Co complexes with 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐5,6‐Diimine: A DFT study
Authors: Starikova Alyona A. , Chegerev Maxim G. , Starikov Andrey G. , Minkin Vladimir I.
Published: June 2019

A series of coordination compounds of redox‐active 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐diimine with CoII bis‐diketonates and FeII dihydrobis(pyrazolyl)borates has been computationally designed by means of density functional theory (DFT UB3LYP*/6‐311++G(d,p)) calculations of their electronic structure, energy characteristics, and magnetic properties. Four types of complexes differing by the nature and position of the terminal metal‐centered fragments have been considered. The performed systematic calculations have revealed the systems capable of undergoing thermally initiated spin‐state switching rearrangements, including those governed by the synchronized mechanisms of spin crossover and valence tautomerism. The predicted magnetic characteristics allow one to consider the dinuclear cobalt complexes and heterometallic Co/Fe compounds with 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐diimine as building blocks for molecular and quantum electronics devices. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free‐breathing fetal cardiac MRI with doppler ultrasound gating, compressed sensing, and motion compensation
Authors: Haris Kostas , Hedström Erik , Kording Fabian , Bidhult Sebastian , Steding‐Ehrenborg Katarina , Ruprecht Christian , Heiberg Einar , Arheden Håkan , Aletras Anthony H.
Published: June 2019

Background

Fetal cardiovascular MRI complements ultrasound to assess fetal cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Purpose

To develop a free‐breathing method for retrospective fetal cine MRI using Doppler ultrasound (DUS) cardiac gating and tiny golden angle radial sampling (tyGRASP) for accelerated acquisition capable of detecting fetal movements for motion compensation.

Study Type

Feasibility study.

Subjects

Nine volunteers (gestational week 34–40). Short‐axis and four‐chamber views were acquired during maternal free‐breathing and breath‐hold.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T cine balanced steady‐state free precession.

Assessment

A self‐gated reconstruction method was improved for clinical application by using 1) retrospective DUS gating, and 2) motion detection and rejection/correction algorithms for compensating for fetal motion. The free‐breathing reconstructions were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and DUS‐gating was compared with self‐gating in breath‐hold reconstructions. A scoring of 1–4 for overall image quality, cardiac, and extracardiac diagnostic quality was used.

Statistical Tests

Friedman's test was used to assess differences in qualitative scoring between observers. A Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test was used to assess differences between breath‐hold and free‐breathing acquisitions and between observers' quantitative measurements.

Results

In all cases, 111 free‐breathing and 145 breath‐hold acquisitions, the automatically calculated DUS‐based cardiac gating signal provided reconstructions of diagnostic quality (median score 4, range 1–4). Free‐breathing did not affect the DUS‐based cardiac gated retrospective radial reconstruction with respect to image or diagnostic quality (all P > 0.06). Motion detection with rejection/correction in k‐space produced high‐quality free‐breathing DUS‐based reconstructions [median 3, range (2–4)], whereas free‐breathing self‐gated methods failed in 80 out of 88 cases to produce a stable gating signal.

Data Conclusion

Free‐breathing fetal cine cardiac MRI based on DUS gating and tyGRASP with motion compensation yields diagnostic images. This simplifies acquisition for the pregnant woman and thus could help increase fetal cardiac MRI acceptance in the clinic.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy Stage: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:260–272.
Genetic tools to study complexity of striatal function
Authors: Ciriachi Chiara , Svane‐Petersen David , Rickhag Mattias
Published: June 2019

As the main input structure of the basal ganglia (BG), the striatum collects and integrates information from several brain areas and funnels them forward to other BG nuclei. The striatal projection neurons are medium‐sized spiny neurons classified in two main subpopulations, based on their neurochemical characterization and projection targets. These subpopulations are segregated into two distinct circuits, the direct and the indirect pathway, which originate in the striatum and interconnect the BG, ultimately reaching their output nuclei. In this review, we discuss current opinions on the striatal circuit and present different strategies to decipher this circuit complexity by utilizing cell ablation, opto‐ and chemogenetics, tetanus toxin‐induced neuronal silencing, and calcium imaging techniques. We also describe genetically encoded biosensors to monitor signaling dynamics in the striatal circuit with high spatial and temporal resolution by targeting both glutamate and dopamine transmission together with downstream signaling effectors. Recent findings revealing transcriptional, functional diversity, and regionally distinct signaling properties of spiny projection neurons argue that refined interrogation will be pertinent for a deeper understanding of this circuit. Moreover, future mapping the G‐protein–coupled receptor repertoire in SPNs will potentially enable pathway‐specific modulation of SPN activity and provide a novel framework for targeting BG diseases. Overall, these tools will be critical for designing next‐generation treatments for BG diseases.
Sexually Dimorphic Influence of Neonatal Antibiotics on Bone
Authors: Pusceddu Matteo M. , Stokes Patricia J. , Wong Alice , Gareau Melanie G. , Genetos Damian C.
Published: June 2019

The gut microbiome (GM) contributes to host development, metabolism, and disease. Perturbations in GM composition, elicited through chronic administration of oral antibiotics (Abx) or studied using germ‐free environments, alter bone mass, and microarchitecture. However, studies primarily involved chronic Abx exposure to adult mice prior to evaluating the skeletal phenotype. Children are more prone to infection with bacterial pathogens than adults and are thus treated more frequently with broad‐spectrum Abx; consequently, Abx treatment disproportionately occurs during periods of greatest skeletal plasticity to anabolic cues. Because early‐life exposures may exert long‐lasting effects on adult health, we hypothesized that acute Abx administration during a developmentally sensitive period would elicit lasting effects on the skeletal phenotype. To test this hypothesis, neonatal mice were treated with Abx (P7‐P23; oral gavage) or vehicle (water); GM composition, gut physiology, and bone structural and material properties were assessed in adulthood (8 weeks). We found sexually dimorphic effects of neonatal Abx administration on GM composition, gut barrier permeability, and the skeleton, indicating a negative role for neonatal Abx on bone mass and quality. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2122–2129, 2019
Technical Note: In silico imaging tools from the VICTRE clinical trial
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Graff Christian G. , Badal Andreu , Zeng Rongping , Sawant Purva , Sengupta Aunnasha , Dahal Eshan , Badano Aldo
Published: June 2019

Purpose

In silico imaging clinical trials are emerging alternative sources of evidence for regulatory evaluation and are typically cheaper and faster than human trials. In this Note, we describe the set of in silico imaging software tools used in the VICTRE (Virtual Clinical Trial for Regulatory Evaluation) which replicated a traditional trial using a computational pipeline.

Materials and methods

We describe a complete imaging clinical trial software package for comparing two breast imaging modalities (digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis). First, digital breast models were developed based on procedural generation techniques for normal anatomy. Second, lesions were inserted in a subset of breast models. The breasts were imaged using GPU‐accelerated Monte Carlo transport methods and read using image interpretation models for the presence of lesions. All in silico components were assembled into a computational pipeline. The VICTRE images were made available in DICOM format for ease of use and visualization.

Results

We describe an open‐source collection of in silico tools for running imaging clinical trials. All tools and source codes have been made freely available.

Conclusion

The open‐source tools distributed as part of the VICTRE project facilitate the design and execution of other in silico imaging clinical trials. The entire pipeline can be run as a complete imaging chain, modified to match needs of other trial designs, or used as independent components to build additional pipelines.
Effect of adjacent hydrophilic polymer thin films on physical aging and residual stress in thin films of poly(butylnorbornene‐ran‐hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl norbornene)
Authors: Lewis Elizabeth A. , Stafford Christopher M. , Vogt Bryan D.
Published: June 2019

The properties of thin supported polymer films can be dramatically impacted by the substrate upon which it resides. A simple way to alter the properties of the substrate (chemistry, rigidity, dynamics) is by coating it with an immiscible polymer. Here, we describe how ultrathin (ca. 2 nm) hydrophilic polymer layers of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) impact the aging behavior and the residual stress in thin films of poly(butylnorbornene‐ran‐hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl norbornene) (BuNB‐r‐HFANB). The aging rate decreases as the film thickness (h) is decreased, but the extent of this change depends on the adjacent layer. Even for the thickest films (h > 500 nm), there is a decrease in the aging rate at 100 °C when BuNB‐r‐HFANB is in contact with PSS. In an effort to understand the origins of these differences in the aging behavior, the elastic modulus and residual stress (σR) in the films were determined by wrinkling as a function of aging time. The change in the elastic modulus during aging does not appear to be directly correlated with the densification or expansion of the films, but the aging rates appear to roughly scale as hσR1/3. These results illustrate that the physical aging of thin polymer films can be altered by adjacent polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 992–1000
Detection of Defects in Diamond by Etch‐Pit Formation
Authors: Shimaoka Takehiro , Ichikawa Kimiyoshi , Koizumi Satoshi , Watanabe Kenji , Teraji Tokuyuki
Published: June 2019

Correlation between the reverse current densityJRof diamond vertical Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) and the shape of the etch pits is investigated. Etch pits form throughout the whole epitaxial layer area with a density of 6.8 × 104–3.0 × 105 cm−2. Most etch pits are isolated‐type, with flat‐bottom or point‐bottom shape. A typical pit size is 3–5 μm in width and 1–3 μm in depth. Some etch pits aggregate linearly with a size of >10 μm. The SBDs show largeJRwhen these etch pit clusters appear. The etch pit cluster density is <103 cm−2.
Interfacial Behavior and Stability Analysis of p‐Type Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Based on Hole‐Selective MoOX/Metal Contacts
Authors: Cao Shuangying , Li Jingye , Lin Yinyue , Pan Tianyu , Du Guanlin , Zhang Juan , Yang Liyou , Chen Xiaoyuan , Lu Linfeng , Min Na , Yin Min , Li Dongdong
Published: June 2019

Molybdenum trioxide (MoOX, X < 3), with a large work function, can induce upward band bending in crystalline silicon (c‐Si) when constructing a heterojunction, which makes it an attractive candidate for hole‐selective contact in c‐Si solar cells. Herein, the passivation property and hole selectivity of MoOX thin films are investigated on p‐type c‐Si wafers using MoOX/aluminum (Al) as rear contacts. To elevate the performance from the aspect of light management, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) are further used as back electrodes instead of Al. Solar cells with Ag electrodes deliver the best performance with a power conversion efficiency of 18.74%, followed by Cu (17.61%) and Al (16.36%) electrodes, attributing to the better reflectivity of Ag and Cu. It is also noted that solar cells with MoOX/Ag and MoOX/Cu contacts show significant degradation under room temperature storage. The interfacial evolutions are then carefully studied as a function of elevated temperature that accelerate the thermodynamic process. The degradation mechanism involves redox reaction and metal diffusion at the MoOX/metal interfaces. This work points out the importance of selecting the adjacent layers of MoOX and regulating the interfaces to stabilize the MoOX‐based c‐Si solar cells.
Development and evaluation of an emotional lexicon system for young children
Authors: Wei Whei-Jane
Published: June 2019

Traditionally, children’s emotion has been assessed by teachers according to observation. We should be able to detect children’s emotions using algorithmic techniques. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop and evaluate an emotional lexicon based on the standardized test entitled Emotional Competencies Scale for Young Children (ECSYC). The purpose of this study was to establish the criterion-related validity. The methodology of this study was to firstly develop 40 scenarios based on ECSYC. Secondly, we developed the five-level criteria. Thirdly, this study implemented observer training and calculated inter-rater consistency reliability. Fourthly, observers categorized 200 children’s replies into five levels. Fifthly, this study ranked the sequence of frequency of each level and completed the emotional lexicon. The findings showed that the Spearman's rho coefficient reached up to .406*. (p = .026), which is significant, indicating that Young Children Emotional Lexicon (YCEL) and ECSYC were significantly correlated. The accuracies of the emotion detection recognizer using a bimodal emotion recognition approach achieved 46.7%, 60.85% and 78.73% for facial expression recognition, speech recognition, and a bimodal emotion recognition, respectively. Findings confirmed that the YCEL is feasible for speech recognition. The bimodal emotion recognition accuracies increased 32.03% and 17.88% compared with using a single modal of facial expression recognition and speech recognition, respectively. It is feasible to automatically detect children’s emotional development and bring the norm up to date.
Applying the naïve Bayes classifier to HVAC energy prediction using hourly data
Authors: Lin Chang-Ming , Lin Sheng-Fuu , Liu Hsin-Yu , Tseng Ko-Ying
Published: June 2019

Heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) accounts for approximately 50% of the total energy consumption of buildings. Therefore, many studies have been focused on the simulation and optimal control of HVAC power consumption or the prediction of energy consumption through the construction of energy consumption models and the improvement of HVAC power consumption through energy management methods. The prediction of energy consumption by optimal energy-saving control or energy baseline is dependent on an accurate energy consumption model, however, the accuracy of the energy consumption model is influenced by the model variables. In addition, different operating periods and load conditions also lead to different changes in energy consumption, which will affect the accuracy of optimal energy consumption control or prediction of energy consumption. The present study proposes a method to enhance the accuracy and sensitivity of HVAC power consumption prediction, which involves the use of a clustering technique to locate clusters with similar information within hourly data, the construction of energy consumption models by converting the clustered hourly data into monthly data, and the application of the proposed Naïve Bayes classifier to classify hourly data under different operating conditions into the energy consumption model with the smallest prediction error. A multiple variable regression model and an artificial neural network (ANN) model were compared with the models developed in the present study, and the normalized mean bias error (NMBE) and the coefficient of variation of the root mean squared error (Cv-RMSE) were used as criteria for the predicted energy consumption values.
The Basis of Debasing Scepticism
Authors: Cunningham J. J.
Published: June 2019

This paper purports to provide a fresh cashing out of Debasing Scepticism: the type of Scepticism put on the map in a recent article by Jonathan Schaffer, with a view to demonstrating that the Debasing Sceptic’s argument is not so easily dismissed as many of Schaffer’s commentators have thought. After defending the very possibility of the Debasing Sceptic’s favoured sceptical scenario, I lay out a framework for thinking of the agent’s power to hold their beliefs in the light of reasons which I argue has initial plausibility. I then attempt to show that with this framework in tow, the Debasing Sceptic has an argument for their sceptical conclusion available to them which Schaffer’s commentators have failed to undermine, and which is independently interesting.
Using Landsat satellite data for assessing the land use and land cover change in Kashmir valley
Authors: Alam Akhtar , Bhat M. Sultan , Maheen M.
Published: June 2019

Land use and land cover (LULC) change has been one of the most immense and perceptible transformations of the earth’s surface. Evaluating LULC change at varied spatial scales is imperative in wide range of perspectives such as environmental conservation, resource management, land use planning, and sustainable development. This work aims to examine the land use and land cover changes in the Kashmir valley between the time periods from 1992–2001–2015 using a set of compatible moderate resolution Landsat satellite imageries. Supervised approach with maximum likelihood classifier was adopted for the classification and generation of LULC maps for the selected time periods. Results reveal that there have been substantial changes in the land use and cover during the chosen time periods. In general, three land use and land cover change patterns were observed in the study area: (1) consistent increase of the area under marshy, built-up, barren, plantation, and shrubs; (2) continuous decrease in agriculture and water; (3) decrease (1992–2001) and increase (2001–2015) in forest and pasture classes. In terms of the area under each LULC category, most significant changes have been observed in agriculture (−), plantation (+), built-up (+), and water (−); however, with reference to percent change within each class, the maximum variability was recorded in built-up (198.45%), plantation (87.98%), pasture (− 71%), water (− 48%) and agriculture (− 28.85%). The massive land transformation is largely driven by anthropogenic actions and has been mostly adverse in nature, giving rise to multiple environmental issues in the ecologically sensitive Kashmir valley.
MMS Multi‐Point Analysis of FTE Evolution: Physical Characteristics and Dynamics
Authors: Akhavan‐Tafti M. , Slavin J. A. , Eastwood J. P. , Cassak P. A. , Gershman D. J.
Published: June 2019

Previous studies have indicated that flux transfer events (FTEs) grow as they convect away from the reconnection site along the magnetopause. This increase in FTE diameter may occur via adiabatic expansion in response to decreasing external pressure away from the subsolar region or due to a continuous supply of magnetic flux and plasma to the FTEs' outer layers by magnetic reconnection. Here we investigate an ensemble of 55 FTEs at the subsolar magnetopause using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) multi‐point measurements. The FTEs are initially modeled as quasi‐force‐free flux ropes in order to infer their geometry and the spacecraft trajectory relative to their central axis. The MMS observations reveal a radially‐inward net force at the outer layers of FTEs which can accelerate plasmas and fields toward the FTE's core region. Inside the FTEs, near the central axis, plasma density is found to decrease as the axial net force increases. It is interpreted that the axial net force accelerates plasmas along the axis in the region of compressing field lines. Statistical analysis of the MMS observations of the 55 FTEs indicates that plasma pressure, Pth, decreases with increasing FTE diameter, λ, as Pth,obsv ∝ λ−0.24. Assuming that all 55 FTEs started out with similar diameters, this rate of plasma pressure decrease with increasing FTE diameter is at least an order of magnitude slower than the theoretical rate for adiabatic expansion (i.e., Pth,adiab. ∝ λ−3.3), suggesting the presence of efficient plasma heating mechanisms, such as magnetic reconnection, to facilitate FTE growth.
Kinetic Models for Healing of the Subduction Interface Based on Observations of Ancient Accretionary Complexes
Authors: Fisher D. M. , Smye A. J. , Marone C. , van Keken P. E. , Yamaguchi A.
Published: June 2019

Sand‐shale mélanges from the Kodiak accretionary complex and Shimanto belt of Japan record deformation during underthrusting along a paleosubduction interface in the range 150 to 350 °C. We use observations from these mélanges to construct a simple kinetic model that estimates the maximum time required to seal a single fracture as a measure of the rate of fault zone healing. Crack sealing involves diffusive redistribution of Si from mudstones with scaly fabric to undersaturated fluid‐filled cracks in sandstone blocks. Two driving forces are considered for the chemical potential gradient that drives crack sealing: (1) a transient drop in fluid pressure ∆Pf, and (2) a difference in mean stress between scaly slip surfaces in mudstones and cracks in stronger sandstone blocks. Sealing times are more sensitive to mean stress than ∆Pf, with up to four orders of magnitude faster sealing. Sealing durations are dependent on crack spacing, silica diffusion kinetics, and magnitude of the strength contrast between block and matrix, each of which is loosely constrained for conditions relevant to the seismogenic zone. We apply the model to three active subduction zones and find that sealing rates are fastest along Cascadia and several orders of magnitude slower for a given depth along Nicaragua and Tohoku slab‐top geotherms. The model provides (1) a framework for geochemical processes that influence subduction mechanics via crack sealing and shear fabric development and (2) demonstration that kinetically driven mass redistribution during the interseismic period is a plausible mechanism for creating asperities along smooth, sediment‐dominated convergent margins.
Authigenic Mineral Texture in Submarine 1979 Basalt Drill Core, Surtsey Volcano, Iceland
Authors: Jackson M. D. , Couper S. , Stan C. V. , Ivarsson M. , Czabaj M. W. , Tamura N. , Parkinson D. , Miyagi L. M. , Moore J. G.
Published: June 2019

Micrometer‐scale maps of authigenic microstructures in submarine basaltic tuff from a 1979 Surtsey volcano, Iceland, drill core acquired 15 years after eruptions terminated describe the initial alteration of oceanic basalt in a low‐temperature hydrothermal system. An integrative investigative approach uses synchrotron source X‐ray microdiffraction, microfluoresence, micro‐computed tomography, and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with Raman spectroscopy to create finely resolved spatial frameworks that record a continuum of alteration in glass and olivine. Microanalytical maps of vesicular and fractured lapilli in specimens from 157.1‐, 137.9‐, and 102.6‐m depths and borehole temperatures of 83, 93.9, and 141.3 °C measured in 1980, respectively, describe the production of nanocrystalline clay mineral, zeolites, and Al‐tobermorite in diverse microenvironments. Irregular alteration fronts at 157.1‐m depth resemble microchannels associated with biological activity in older basalts. By contrast, linear microstructures with little resemblance to previously described alteration features have nanocrystalline clay mineral (nontronite) and zeolite (amicite) texture. The crystallographic preferred orientation rotates around an axis parallel to the linear feature. Raman spectra indicating degraded and poorly ordered carbonaceous matter of possible biological origin are associated with nanocrystalline clay mineral in a crystallographically oriented linear microstructure in altered olivine at 102.6 m and with subcircular nanoscale cavities in altered glass at 137.9‐m depth. Although evidence for biotic processes is inconclusive, the integrated analyses describe the complex organization of previously unrecognized mineral texture in very young basalt. They provide a foundational mineralogical reference for longitudinal, time‐lapse characterizations of palagonitized basalt in oceanic environments.
Computation of Magnetic Anomalies Caused by Two‐Dimensional Structures of Arbitrary Shape: Derivation and Matlab Implementation
Authors: Kravchinsky Vadim A. , Hnatyshin Danny , Lysak Benjamin , Alemie Wubshet
Published: June 2019

The very first computational and most referred in the literature algorithm of Talwani and Heirtzler (1964) for calculating of the magnetic anomaly caused by two‐dimensional irregular shape subsurface structure has particular fundamental and educational significance in geophysics theory. We re‐derive this algorithm from first principles and discuss previous derivation omissions. Our resulting solution differs from the original publication. Based on our new solution we present the two‐dimensional forward magnetic modeling software and associated tutorials which are available for download from the website www.ualberta.ca/~vadim/software.htm. Additionally, we include the computation of the remnant magnetization which can be found using already published apparent polar wonder paths.
Improved Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in E3SM With a Revised Convective Triggering Function
Authors: Xie Shaocheng , Wang Yi‐Chi , Lin Wuyin , Ma Hsi‐Yen , Tang Qi , Tang Shuaiqi , Zheng Xue , Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Zhang Guang J. , Zhang Minghua
Published: June 2019

We revise the convective triggering function in Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1) by introducing a dynamic constraint on the initiation of convection that emulates the collective dynamical effects to prevent convection from being triggered too frequently and allowing air parcels to launch above the boundary layer to capture nocturnal elevated convection. The former is referred to as the dynamic Convective Available Potential Energy (dCAPE) trigger and the latter as the Unrestricted Launch Level (ULL) trigger. Compared to the original trigger in EAMv1 that initiates convection whenever CAPE is larger than a threshold, the revised trigger substantially improves the simulated diurnal cycle of precipitation over both midlatitude and tropical lands. The nocturnal peak of precipitation and the eastward propagation of convection downstream of the Rockies and over the adjacent Great Plains are much better captured than those in the default model. The overall impact on mean precipitation is minor with some notable improvements over the Indo‐Western Pacific, subtropical Pacific and Atlantic, and South America. In general, the dCAPE trigger helps to better capture late afternoon rainfall peak, while ULL is key to capturing nocturnal elevated convection and the eastward propagation of convection. The dCAPE trigger also primarily contributes to the considerable reduction of convective precipitation over subtropical regions and the frequency of light‐to‐moderate precipitation occurrence. However, no clear improvement is seen in intense convection and the amplitude of diurnal precipitation.
Crystallinity and grain boundary control of TIPS-pentacene in organic thin-film transistors for the ultra-high sensitive detection of NO2
Authors: Shao Bingyao , Liu Yiming , Zhuang Xinming , Hou Sihui , Han Shijiao , Yu Xinge , Yu Junsheng
Published: June 2019

Ultra-sensitive OTFT based NO2sensors with a limit of detection of 1.93 ppb were realized by controlling and regulating the microstructures of TIPS-pentacene semiconducting filmsviasolvent engineering.
Superwideband multi‐half‐loop antenna for measurements and communication purposes with robust power‐handling capability
Authors: Borowiec R.
Published: June 2019

This Letter presents a multi‐half‐loop wideband antenna operating over a ground plane. The proposed structure has a voltage standing wave ratio <2 in the frequency range of 0.95–12.5 GHz (171%). One important attribute of this antenna is robust power‐handling, combined with a super‐wide operating bandwidth. The structure's simplicity allows robustness and easily predictable radiation properties, beneficial for several measurement systems. The antenna can be easily optimised by 4NEC2 freeware. To manufacture the antenna, only the simple mechanical treatment of metal is necessary.
Robust consensus braking algorithm for distributed EMUs with uncertainties
Authors: He Jing , Yang Buchong , Zhang Changfan , Liu JianHua , Mao Songan , Shi Laicheng , Cheng Xiang
Published: June 2019

In this study, the velocity tracking control of electric multiple units (EMUs) with non‐linearity and uncertainty during braking is investigated. A consensus braking algorithm with distributed sliding mode observers is proposed. Firstly, a multi‐agent model with non‐linear coupling and uncertain external disturbances is established. Secondly, distributed observers are designed, in which a real‐time estimation equation for coupling force and disturbances is established based on the equivalent control principle of sliding mode variable structure. Finally, a robust consensus algorithm is proposed to achieve a consensus velocity tracking of each carriage on the target braking curve. The distances between the adjacent carriages are stabilised at stationary distances in a safe range by an artificial potential field function. Experiments show that the algorithm has high accuracy and anti‐interference ability in the braking process.
A 4–20 GHz, multi‐watt level, fully integrated push–pull distributed power amplifier with wideband even‐order harmonic suppression
Authors: Nguyen Thuy T. , Fujii Kohei , Pham Anh‐Vu
Published: June 2019

This study presents the first fully integrated, push–pull, high power distributed amplifier (DA) for wideband applications in 0.25 µm Gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor process. A triple‐stacked field‐effect transistor cell is employed for each stage of the DA along with the non‐uniform distributed power amplifier topology to maximise the output power. The experimental results show that the amplifier exhibits from 7 to 10 dB gain with vi30–32 dBm output power at 1 dB compression (P1 dB) and 32–35.4 dBm saturated output power (Psat) covering a frequency bandwidth from 4 to 20 GHz. The measured second harmonic suppression is >33 dBc from 8 to 40 GHz at the P1 dB operating condition.
PV power smoothing strategy based on HELES using energy storage system application: a simulation analysis in microgrids
Authors: Jamroen Chaowanan , Usaratniwart Ekasit , Sirisukprasert Siriroj
Published: June 2019

With the rapid increase in photovoltaic (PV) power generation in microgrids, PV power fluctuations can initiate negative impacts on microgrid operations. This study presents a simulation analysis of PV power smoothing method based on hull enhanced linear exponential smoothing (HELES) technique using an energy storage system (ESS). The proposed method is employed to mitigate PV power fluctuations in microgrid systems. The ESS is allowed to charge and discharge for smoothing the PV output power based on a smoothing power reference provided by the HELES technique. The proposed method is investigated to acquire the smoothing performance considering smoothness and smoothing accuracy. In simulation analysis, the proposed method is analysed on the microgrid under both grid‐connected and islanding modes to obtain its dynamic performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method evidently offers superior smoothing performance compared with the existing methods. Accordingly, the smoothing accuracy is successfully improved, and the ESS capacity is significantly reduced by improving smoothing accuracy. Moreover, the smoothness is effective to mitigate PV power fluctuations by using the proposed method. Eventually, the dynamic performance can be satisfactorily improved, and state of charge variation is reduced and also conserved to be available for unexpected PV power fluctuations.
Influence of temperature on interfacial charge of power transformer insulation
Authors: Dutta Saurabh , Mishra Deepak , Haque Nasirul , Pradhan Arpan Kumar , Baral Arijit , Chakravorti Sivaji
Published: June 2019

One of the popular methods for insulation diagnosis is measurement and analysis of polarisation–depolarisation current (PDC). During normal operation, charges get confined at the interface of oil–paper insulation. A part of these accumulated charges get absorbed in depolarisation current and contribute to the overall PDC data. The process through which charges are released from their confinement is known as charge de‐trapping, which is highly influenced by thermal energy content of the insulation and hence by measurement temperature. In the current work, an effort has been made to investigate the effect of measurement temperature on de‐trapped charge. Two samples are prepared and analysed in the laboratory at different temperatures for this purpose. This is followed by analysis of data collected from several real‐life power transformers. Related analysis presented here suggests that measurement temperature of the system plays an important role in determining the amount of de‐trapped interfacial charge during PDC measurement.
Large direct drive generators: the induction machine as an alternative to permanent magnet machines
Authors: Baker Nick J. , Naugher Liam A.
Published: June 2019

Design of direct drive power take off in renewable energy generators tends to focus on force density, naturally leading to the use of relatively expensive permanent magnet machines. Elsewhere in the industrial landscape, induction machines traditionally rule as they are low cost and robust. In this study, the design of a generator for use in an open centred tidal turbine is presented as a case study to directly compare induction and permanent magnet machines. Mechanical constraints in the turbine design enforce a large magnetic gap in the generator, which inherently limits the power density and power factor. A comparison between the permanent magnet design and the induction design in terms of performance and economy has been presented.
Experimental study of PV strings affected by cracks
Authors: Cheng Tian , Al‐Soeidat Mohammad , Lu Dylan Dah‐Chuan , Agelidis Vassilios G.
Published: June 2019

Crack is one critical factor that degrades the performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels. To gain a better understanding of the impacts of cracks appeared on PVs and also to mitigate it, its failure mechanism, detrimental effects, criticality, and potential risks on independent PV panels are firstly reviewed in this study. An experimental study which investigates the degree of series connected and parallel connected PV strings which are affected by cracked cells are presented. A comparison of impacts of the partially shaded PV panel string and cracked cells happened to the PV panel string is given to evaluate their criticality levels. The experimental results show that the series connected PV panel string is strongly affected once the cell is seriously cracked, as the current generation capability is clamped. Partial shading, however, shows better performance. In addition, though the overall power the parallel connected PV string is reduced, it is less affected by the cracked cells compared to the series connected one. Lastly, a bypass diode is added to a series connected PV panel string with cracked cells, and the experimental results show that it can be an effective way to minimise the negative impacts of cracks.
Design of predictive controllers for fault‐tolerant surface‐mounted PMSM drive systems
Authors: Liu Tian‐Hua , Tu Yu‐Chi
Published: June 2019

This study proposes the design of speed and current predictive controllers for fault‐tolerant surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems. Two faults that can occur in an inverter, open‐circuit and short‐circuit, are investigated. To improve dynamic responses during open‐circuit and short‐circuit conditions, predictive controllers are proposed. A systematic design for predictive controllers is presented here. By using predictive controllers, PMSM drive systems yield better responses than with proportional–integral controllers, including faster recovery time and a smaller drop in speed when the inverter is in a faulty state. A 32‐bit digital signal processor, TMS 320F2808, is used to execute the control algorithms. Several measured results demonstrate the proposed method, which can be easily applied in industry due to its simplicity and superiority.
Nature of the unusual transient AT 2018cow from HI observations of its host galaxy
Authors: Michałowski Michał J. , Kamphuis P. , Hjorth J. , Kann D. A. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , Galbany L. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Ghosh A. , Hunt L. K. , Kuncarayakti H. , Le Floc’h E. , Leśniewska A. , Misra K. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. , Palazzi E. , Rasmussen J. , Resmi L. , Rossi A. , Savaglio S. , Schady P. , Schulze S. , Thöne C. C. , Watson D. , Józsa G. I. G. , Serra P. , Smirnov O. M.
Published: June 2019

Context.Unusual stellar explosions represent an opportunity to learn about both stellar and galaxy evolution. Mapping the atomic gas in host galaxies of such transients can lead to an understanding of the conditions that trigger them.

Aims.We provide resolved atomic gas observations of the host galaxy, CGCG137-068, of the unusual and poorly understood transient AT 2018cow, which we obtained in searching for clues to understand its nature. We test whether it is consistent with a recent inflow of atomic gas from the intergalactic medium, as suggested for host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and some supernovae (SNe).

Methods.We observed the HIhyperfine structure line of the AT 2018cow host with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope.

Results.There is no unusual atomic gas concentration near the position of AT 2018cow. The gas distribution is much more regular than the distributions of GRB/SN hosts. The AT 2018cow host has an atomic gas mass lower by 0.24 dex than predicted from its star formation rate (SFR) and is at the lower edge of the galaxy main sequence. In the continuum we detected the emission of AT 2018cow and of a star-forming region in the north-eastern part of the bar (away from AT 2018cow). This region hosts a third of the galaxy’s SFR.

Conclusions.The absence of atomic gas concentration close to AT 2018cow, along with a normal SFR and regular HIvelocity field, sets CGCG137-068 apart from GRB/SN hosts studied in HI. The environment of AT 2018cow therefore suggests that its progenitor may not have been a massive star. Our findings are consistent with an origin of the transient that does not require a connection between its progenitor and gas concentration or inflow: an exploding low-mass star, a tidal disruption event, a merger of white dwarfs, or a merger between a neutron star and a giant star. We interpret the recently reported atomic gas ring in CGCG 137-068 as a result of internal processes connected with gravitational resonances caused by the bar.
Performance of older adults with hearing loss on the staggered spondaic word test – Spanish version (SSW-SV)
Authors: Cañete Oscar M. , Almasio Viviana , Torrente Mariela C. , Purdy Suzanne C.
Published: June 2019

Objective:

The aim of the current study is to assess the performance of the staggered spondaic word Spanish Version (SSW-SV) in a group of older adults with bilateral hearing loss.

Materials and methods:

A retrospective review was undertaken of medical records of adults seen at the ENT Department of the Hospital Padre Hurtado in Santiago, Chile. Ninety-six adults were included in the study (M = 65.3 years, SD 15.9). Pure tone audiometry and the SSW-SV were administered. All participants presented with a bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss. Uncorrected (RSSW) and corrected (CSSW) errors scores were obtained. Participants were allocated into four groups as a function of age; (a) younger (aged 20–59 years); and three older age groups in their (b) 60s; (c) 70s; and (d) 80s.

Results:

There were correlations between RSSW/CSSW errors scores and hearing loss, indicating that increased errors were associated with a higher degree of hearing loss (>50 dB HL). No significant differences in performance between younger and 60s group participants were observed, whereas the older groups had more variable performance (70s and 80s groups). RSSW/CSSW total errors scores become higher with age, however significant group differences (for the competing conditions) were only observed in the older groups (70s and 80s). About 50% of the sample did not show significant order nor ear effects.

Conclusions:

The SSW-SV is a useful tool to describe the dichotic listening abilities of older adults with hearing loss and can be administered to people with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
Patient Load per RN Decreases in New Jersey Over Seven-Year Period
Authors: Zolot Joan
Published: June 2019

Decrease coincides with national trends and public reporting of nurse staffing levels.
Surviving Your First Code
Authors: Anderson Amanda
Published: June 2019

This column is designed to help new nurses in their first year at the bedside—a time of insecurity, growth, and constant challenges—and to offer advice as they learn what it means to be a nurse. This article prepares new nurses for their first code, describes what happens during a code, and reviews the responsibilities of the resuscitation team.
Helping Students See the Realities of Addiction and Recovery
Authors: Szulecki Diane
Published: June 2019

Nancy Labov's nonprofit gives young adults in recovery a platform at local schools.
Total hip templating using a marker ball (vs. 21% magnification): no difference in accuracy but increase in potential harm
Authors: Manrique Jorge , Battenberg Andrew , Foltz Carol , Goswami Karan , Hozack William J.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Digital templating for total hip arthroplasty (THA) can help plan the surgical procedure. Magnification marker balls (MB), placed at the time of a digital radiograph have become an acceptable technique to assist with templating despite lack of evidence that they add accuracy. We compared templating accuracy using a standard 21% magnification technique versus a MB.

Methods:

Two blinded evaluators independently performed retrospective templating on 50 consecutive THA patients. Inter-rater reliability was assessed with interclass correlation coefficients and did not differ across techniques. Accuracy between each templating technique and final implant size was evaluated using Pearson correlations, paired t-tests, and McNemar’s tests.

Results:

Correlations between final implant size and template estimates were significant and did not differ between techniques. Absolute differences between final size and template estimates also did not differ. Both techniques had equal accuracy within one size of implant size: acetabulum: 62% versus 66%, femur: 78% versus 72%. When differences between templating estimates and actual sizes were examined more minutely, MB yielded a greater rate of 1-size and 2-size larger errors, while 21% magnification yielded a higher rate of 1-size smaller errors.

Conclusions:

Digital templating using 21% magnification or MB were equally accurate. However, when finer discriminations were made between templating estimates and the final actual size, 21% magnification had better directional accuracy and the advantage of improved clinic efficiency. Using MB, the components tended to be over-estimated, particularly femoral components, which could have a substantial negative impact, especially if the surgeon is trying to match implant with template size.