bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVIEW OF BEST PRACTICIES OF BIOFUEL MARKET OPERATION IN THE EU COUNTRIES
Authors: Geletukha G. G. , Zheliezna T. A. , Bashtovyi A. I. , Geletukha G. I.
Published: June 2018

Key figures on the development of bioenergy in Europe and in the world are presented. Best practices of biofuel market operation in the EU countries are analyzed. Conception for the creation of biomass logistic and trade centers is described.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ ПЕРЕРОБКИ ТОРФУ НА ПАЛИВО З ВИЛУЧЕННЯМ ГУМІНОВОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ
Authors: Korinchuk D.M.
Published: June 2018

Розглянуто шляхи поєднання технології отримання гумінових речовин та виробництва композиційного палива. Обґрунтовано енергоефективну схему виробництва композиційного палива. Запропоновано методи розрахунку вмісту складових палива.
ТЕПЛОМАССООБМЕННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ЦИЛИНДРИЧЕСКИХ ГОРЕЛОЧНЫХ УСТРОЙСТВАХ С НИШЕВЫМИ ПОЛОСТЯМИ
Authors: Fialko N.M. , Sherenkovskii Ju.V. , Maison N.V. , Meranova N.O. , Timoshchenko A.B.
Published: June 2018

Анализируются результаты исследований процессов тепломассопереноса в цилиндрических горелках с кольцевыми прямоугольными нишевыми полостями на наружной поверхности стабилизаторов пламени. Представлены данные компьютерного моделирования по установлению закономерностей влияния нишевой полости на характеристики течения и теплообмена в рассматриваемых горелочных устройствах. Показано, что наличие ниши может заметно влиять на интенсивность процесса горения, степень равномерности распределения температуры, полноту сгорания топлива и другие параметры.
ДИНАМІКА РОЗГІННОЇ ТЕЧІЇ В МІКРОЦИЛІНДРІ, ЩО ПОЧИНАЄ РАПТОВО ОБЕРТАТИСЯ.
Authors: Avramenko A.O. , Tyrinov A.I. , Dmitrenko N.P. , Kravchuk O.V.
Published: June 2018

В статті викладені результати теоретичного дослідження розгінної течії нестисливої рідини з раптовим початком обертання мікроціліндра. Задача вирішувалася за допомогою двох аналітичних підходів – методу Фур’є і аналізу симетрії. В ході аналітичного рішення отримано вирази для обчислення профілю швидкості, коефіцієнта тертя та крутного моменту.
МОНТЕ-КАРЛО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛООБМЕНА НАНОЖИДКОСТИ В КАНАЛЕ
Authors: Kravchuk A.V.
Published: June 2018

В статье описан алгоритм моделирования теплообмена наножидкостей, основанный на методе Монте-Карло. Рассмотрено течение стационарного потока в плоском канале. На основе алгоритма исследовано влияние различных параметров наножидкостей на относительное число Нуссельта.
ТЕМПЕРАТУРНО-ВОЛОГІСНИЙ СТАН СТІНОВОЇ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ З ШАРОМ УТЕПЛЮВАЧА В ЗИМОВИЙ ПЕРІОД РОКУ
Authors: Basok B.I. , Davydenko B.V. , Timoshchenko A.V. , Goncharuk S.M.
Published: June 2018

За результатами експериментальних досліджень визначено залежність від погодних умов температурновологісного стану стінової конструкції з шаром утеплювача в зимовий період року. Результати експерименту порівнюються з результатами розрахунків за спрощеною моделлю тепло-вологопереносу через стінову багатошарову конструкцію.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАСЧЕТА ТЕПЛООБМЕННОГО АППАРАТА ДЛЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ТЕПЛОТЫ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД
Authors: Basok B.I. , Novitska М.P. , Litvinuk Y.N.
Published: June 2018

В работе рассмотрена возможность извлечения теплового потенциала сточных канализационных вод для теплообеспечения зданий. Представлен пример конструкторского расчета рекуперативного теплообменного аппарата, который может извлекать теплоту сточных вод канализационного коллектора. Получено что с увеличением скорости сточных вод при прочих равных условиях увеличивается средний коэффициент теплопередачи.
Place of Poetry in Religion and Society
Authors: Hayden Robert , Ruhe Douglas , Hatcher John
Published: June 2018

An Interview of Robert E. Hayden with Douglas Ruhe
Human Nature and Mental Health
Authors: Penn Michael
Published: June 2018

The Bahá’í Faith is the newest of the world’s religions and has articulated a concept of the human mind that is likely to have a significant impact on the practice of psychiatry and psychotherapy in the decades and centuries ahead. This impact will result from the increasing number of researchers and practitioners whose work is influenced by Bahá’í-inspired theories of mind and identity. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief and generally accessible overview of one research-practitioner’s understanding of the nature of mind from the perspective of the Bahá’í teachings and to explore some of the implications of this view for understanding mental health and mental illness.
Seven Narratives of Religion
Authors: Schewel Benjamin
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this article is to explore how the contemporary academic discourse on religion is, on the whole, beginning to resonate with the broader vision of religion provided by the Bahá’í Writings. Toward this end, I argue that the contemporary academic discourse on religion pivots around seven narrative frameworks, which I describe respectively as the (1) subtraction, (2) renewal, (3) transsecular, (4) postnaturalist, (5) construct, (6) perennial, and (7) developmental narratives. Each of the narratives offers unique insights into the historical evolution of religion and the changing place of religion in the modern world, many of which align with the Bahá’í teachings. I endeavor to substantiate this claim in three steps. First, I discuss the theory of secularization and the nature of its recent disruption in order to elucidate the narrative problematic that lies at the heart of the contemporary academic  discourse on religion. Second, I analyze the seven narrative frameworks and show how each resonates with certain aspects of Bahá’í teachings. And third, I conclude by considering how my typology of seven narratives could be used to frame further inquiry.
Introduction
Authors: Micale Mark S. , Dwyer Philip
Published: June 2018

In the closing months of 2011, Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker published
The Better Angels of Our Nature: The Decline of Violence in History and
Its Causes.1 Weighing in at over eight hundred closely printed pages, Pinker’s
book advances a bold, revisionist thesis: despite the relentless deluge of
violent, sensationalist stories in the pervasive electronic media of our day,
Pinker proposes, violence in the human world, in nearly every form, has in
fact declined dramatically. Over the past several thousand years, and particularly
since the eighteenth century, homicides, criminal assaults, war casualties,
domestic violence, child abuse, animal abuse, capital punishment,
lynching, and rape have all been steadily diminishing in frequency.
Were There Better Angels of a Classical Greek Nature?
Authors: Trundle Matthew
Published: June 2018

This article explores Steven Pinker’s thesis with regard to fifth-century BCE Athens.
Pinker’s view that the political state became the arbiter of violence is important, but for
ancient Greeks that meant that wars became more devastating. States coordinated military
action more effectively than earlier tribal chiefs. With regard to violence within communities,
the absence of civic values, human rights, or robust legal systems meant that violence
mediated many relationships between men and women, masters and slaves, and even aristocrats
and lower-status citizens. Violence was a prominent aspect of all ancient people’s
lives. In short, Pinker’s thesis provides an excellent heuristic device to analyze Greek antiquity
if only to discuss how it may or may not apply in real terms.
Whitewashing History
Authors: Dwyer Philip
Published: June 2018

In Steven Pinker’s The Better Angels of Our Nature, there is a before and an after.
Before the Enlightenment, the world was superstitious, cruel, and violent; after the Enlightenment,
the world was rational and more peaceful. Pinker thus reduces violence to a fairly
simplistic concept: all violence can be equated with irrationality, unreason, and ignorance.
History is never as straightforward as Pinker would have his readers believe, and violence is
a much more complex notion that is often driven not by superstition or unreason, but perfectly
“rational” motives. This article argues that there is little causal connection between
Enlightenment values and the decline in violence and that changes came about as a result
of a complex series of reasons, some of them less than edifying. It raises the interesting
question of whether ideas drive history, or whether they are simply the “ideological” bedrock
on which change is grounded.
The “Moral Effect” of Legalized Lawlessness
Authors: Elkins Caroline
Published: June 2018

From 1930s Palestine to Kenya in the years following World War II, systematized
violence shaped and defined much of Britain’s twentieth-century empire. Liberal authoritarianism,
and with it the “moral effect” that coercion had upon colonial subjects, gave rise
to the systematic use of violence against colonial subjects. The ideological roots of these
tactics can be located in the twinned birth of liberalism and imperialism, together with
metropolitan responses to imperial events in the mid-nineteenth century. Despite copious
amounts of empirical evidence documenting the evolution of liberal authoritarianism, and
the creation and deployment of legalized lawlessness throughout the British Empire, Steven
Pinker either ignores this evidence, or implicitly denies its validity. In reframing Britain’s
civilizing mission, and challenging liberalism’s obfuscating abilities, this article critiques not
only the British government’s repeated denials of systematized violence in its empire, but
also Pinker’s reinforcement of the myths of British imperial benevolence.
Does Better Angels of Our Nature Hold Up as History?
Authors: Roth Randolph
Published: June 2018

Steven Pinker’s Better Angels of Our Nature defends Norbert Elias’s “civilization
thesis”: the idea that violence has declined gradually in human societies over the millennia.
As history, however, Pinker’s defense is flawed. First, the data gathered by historians do not
show long-term declines in individual or collective violence. Second, the historical forces
that Pinker believes have suppressed violence can also increase violence, depending on
historical conditions. And third, neurology, endocrinology, and primatology may contribute
more in the long run than evolutionary psychology to the understanding of the history
of human aggression.
What Pinker Leaves Out
Authors: Micale Mark S.
Published: June 2018

The Better Angels of Our Nature is severely compromised by an overly narrow
conception of human violence, a cramped statistical source base, and ideologically predetermined
interpretations. Despite its aspirations to comprehensive coverage, the work
singularly fails to incorporate violence of a colonial, or indigenous, or environmental, or
biological, or technological nature. Ultimately, Pinker’s lengthy, attention-grabbing tome is
most noteworthy for what it leaves out.
Yüzücü ve Sedanter Çocukların Vücut Kompozisyonu ve Bazı Fizyolojik Parametrelerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: GÜLLÜ Esin , ÇİÇEK Güner , GÜLLÜ Abdullah
Published: June 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı yüzücü ve sedanter çocuklarda bazı fiziksel ve
fizyolojik parametreleri karşılaştırmaktır. 16 yüzücü çocuk (ortalama yaşları:
10,75±1,34 yıl, boy: 146,56±9,16 cm, vücut ağırlığı: 42,76±14,05 kg ve spor
yaşı 26.31±10.22 ay ) ve 17 sedanter erkek çocuk (ortalama yaşları: 10,65±1,27
yıl, boy: 140,41±8,32 cm, vücut ağırlığı: 38,15±10,94 kg) olan toplam 33 sağlıklı
ve gönüllü çocuk bu çalışmaya katıldı. Bu çalışmada vücut ağırlığı, beden kütle
indeksi (BKİ), bazal metabolik hızı (BMH), vücut yağ kütlesi (VYK) ve vücut yağ
yüzdesi (VYY) bioelektrik impedans analizi (Tanita) ile belirlendi. MaxVO2
için Bruce protokolü, kan basıncı öncesi ve sonrası, el kavrama, otur- eriş ve
dikey sıçrama testleri uygulandı. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmada istatiksel
olarak önemlilik seviyesi p<0.05 kullanıldı. Yüzücü çocuk ve sedanter
çocukların test değerleri karşılaştırıldığında Bruce protokolünden sonra MaxVO2
ve dikey sıçrama, sistolik ve diyastolik kan basınçları değerlerinde anlamlı
farklılık bulundu (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, yüzücü çocukların kan basıncı, aerobik
ve anaerobik kapasiteleri sedanter çocuklardan daha iyi olduğu bulundu. Bunun
sebebi olarak yüzme sporunun düzenli olarak yapılmasının 10-13 yaş grubu erkek
çocuklarda aerobik ve anaerobik kapasiteler ile sistolik ve diastolik kan
basıncı parametreleri üzerinde olumlu bir etki sağladığı söylenebilir.
İstenmeyen Öğrenci Davranışlarına Karşı Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Tutumları İle Mesleki Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi
Authors: HANEDAR Ayşe Nur , ÖÇALAN Mehmet
Published: June 2018

Araştırmanın
amacı beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin istenmeyen öğrenci davranışlarına karşı
tutumları ile öğretmenlerin tükenmişlik düzeylerinin belirlenerek aralarındaki
ilişkinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2017-2018
eğitim-öğretim yılında Ankara ili Yenimahalle ilçesi devlet ortaokulu ve
liselerinde görev yapan 201 beden eğitimi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Veri
toplama araçları kişisel bilgi formu, İstenmeyen Davranışlara Karşı Tutum
Ölçeği ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta, öğretmenlerin
istenmeyen davranışlara karşı tutumları yaş ve bulundukları okuldaki görev yılı
değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Duygusal tükenmeyle ders
yapılan alan, kişisel başarısızlıkla yaş, mesleki kıdem, eğitim durumu, ders
yapılan alan ve sınıf mevcudu değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık olduğu
görülmüştür. İstenmeyen davranışlara karşı öğretmen tutumları ile kişisel
başarısızlık alt boyutu arasındaki ilişki -0.25 olarak düşük ve negatif düzeyde
bulunmuştur.
Factors predicting opioid dependence in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis: analysis from the MarketScan databases
Authors: Sharma Mayur , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Aljuboori Zaid , Nuño Miriam A. , Drazin Doniel , Boakye Maxwell
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

The opioid crisis is identified as a national emergency and epidemic in the United States. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with opioid dependence in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).

METHODS

The authors queried MarketScan databases to investigate the factors affecting postsurgery opioid use in patients with DS between 2000 and 2012. The outcome of interest was opioid dependence, which was defined as continued opioid use, > 10 opioid prescriptions, or diagnosis of or prescription for opioid dependence disorder in the period of 1 year before or 3–15 months after the procedure. Comparisons of outcomes were performed using nonparametric 2-group tests and generalized regression models.

RESULTS

A cohort of 10,708 patients was identified from the database. The median patient age was 61 years (interquartile range 54–69 years), and 65.1% were female (n = 6975). A majority of patients had decompression with fusion (n = 10,068; 94%) and underwent multilevel procedures (n = 8123; 75.9%). Of 10,708 patients, 14.85% (n = 1591) were identified as having opioid dependence within 12 months prior to the index surgical procedure and 9.90% (n = 1060) were identified as having opioid dependence within 3–15 months after the procedure. Of all the variables, prior opioid dependence (OR 16.29, 95% CI 14.10–18.81, p < 0.001) and younger age (1-year increase in age: OR 0.972, 95% CI 0.963–0.980, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of opioid dependence following surgery for DS. The use of fusion was not associated with opioid dependence following the procedure (p = 0.8396). Following surgery for DS, patients were more likely to become opioid independent than they were to become opioid dependent (8.54% vs 3.58%, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of patients underwent fusion for DS. Surgical decompression with fusion was not associated with increased risk of postsurgery opioid dependence in patients with DS. Overall, opioid dependence was reduced by 4.96% after surgery for DS. Prior opioid dependence is associated with increased risk and increasing age is associated with decreased risk of opioid dependence following surgery for DS.
The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy: an analysis of the senator’s injuries and neurosurgical care
Authors: Komisarow Jordan M. , Pappas Theodore , Llewellyn Megan , Lad Shivanand P.
Published: June 2018

On June 5, 1968, having won the Democratic Party presidential primary in California, Senator Robert F. Kennedy delivered a victory speech to supporters at the Ambassador Hotel in downtown Los Angeles. Just after 12:15 am (Pacific daylight savings time), a lone assassin shot Kennedy 3 times at point-blank range. One of the bullets struck Kennedy in the right posterior auricular region. Within the ensuing 26 hours, Kennedy was transported to 2 hospitals, underwent emergency surgery, and eventually died of severe brain injury. Although this story has been repeated in the press and recounted in numerous books, this is the first analysis of the senator’s injuries and subsequent surgical care to be reported in the medical literature. The authors review eyewitness reports on the mechanism of injury, the care rendered for 3 hours prior to the emergency craniotomy, the clinical course, and, ultimately, the autopsy.
Clinico-Demographic Characteristics of Cervical Spondylosis Patients Presented with Chest Pain
Authors: Hafez Fahmida , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Nessa Jebun , Moonmoon Taslima Hoq , Reza AFM Selim , Parvin Dilshad
Published: June 2018

Background:  The prevalence of non-cardiac chest pain is estimated to be more than 65.0% of all cases with chest pain.Objective: The objective of the present study was to see the clinic-demographics characteristics and investigational findings of cervical spondylosis patients presented with chest pain.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2012 to June 2013 for a period of one year. The diagnosis was made by detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations.Result: In this study, female (60%) were much more sufferer especially in much younger age group (41.67%). People from urban area (68.75%) and affluent status (41.67%) were more affected; also who were in anxiety-depressed state of mind (50%) and those who worked by neck bending posture (45.83%). All patients presented with chest pain (100%) & other associated symptoms like arm pain (41.67%), tingling sensation of left upper limb (22.91%), shoulder pain (25.0%) and scapular pain (16.67%). All (100%) patients had normal ECG finding. On the other hand, they (100.0%) had some finding in cervical spine X-ray; clinically the patient had painful neck movement (75.0%). A specific test for cervical radiculopathy “spurling maneuver” was positive in (22.91%).Conclusion: Through chest pain due to cervical disc disease widely reported but remains under recognized. So careful evaluation of patient for chest pain might have saved the patient for admission and various expensive invasive procedure.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2018;5(2):55-59
Layered Encounters: Mainstream Cinema and the Disaggregate Digital Composite
Authors: Purse Lisa
Published: June 2018

The digital surface in cinema has, throughout its relatively brief history, been subject to a familiar “iconophobic” tendency, documented by Rosalind Galt (2011) , to denigrate surface decoration as “empty spectacle” (p. 2). In early scholarship on computer generated (CG) images in cinema, the digital surface's alleged seamlessness and “new depthlessness” frequently became an overdetermined nexus of loss: of material presence, of an indexical relation to the world and lived experience, and of the continuation of older traditions of narrative cinema. Today, digital visual effects sequences in mainstream cinema continue to be framed by film reviewers in negative terms: as variously lacking imagination, realism, narrative depth, and affective power. Digital visual effects and digital media scholarship have done much to reclaim the cultural significance of mainstream digital visual effects sequences and their capacity to speak to a rapidly evolving and increasingly encompassing digital media ecology. Yet the formal heterogeneity of this evolving period of mainstream aesthetic consolidation and experimentation with digital images, surfaces and spaces has yet to be fully acknowledged. This article seeks to contribute to this broader task by focussing on the mainstream cinematic history of the digital composite, and specifically those moments where it displays a particularly self-reflexive character. If the digital composite has traditionally been characterised by its attempt to totally erase signs of its composite nature, across the period of CG images' proliferation in cinema an occasional figure emerges that seeks to do the opposite: a digital composite that formally fragments, foregrounds, and scrutinises the digital surfaces that constitute it. Drawing on scholarship on the computer image, digital media and the post-cinematic, this article will argue that these returns of the self-conscious digital composite speak meaningfully to their historical context.
Flat Film: Strategies of Depthlessness inPleasantvilleandLa Haine
Authors: Vermeulen Timotheus
Published: June 2018

In this essay I consider the device of depthlessness in film. I am interested in particular in the ways in which this device can determine, or at least raise questions about, the nature of the fictional world. Taking my cue from two films from the turn of the century – Gary Ross' 1998 film Pleasantville and Matthieu Kassovitz' 1995 La Haine – as well as, more broadly, arts historical and cultural theoretical debates, where rather more attention has been devoted to the issue of depthlessness, I focus on moments in which depth, that is, in Andre Bazin's oft-cited words, the “continuity” of the fictional realm, is flattened so as to trace the correlation between depthlessness and the ontology of the fictional world. The two strategies I look at are shallow focus and the dolly zoom. What I intend, here, is to offer some first, superficial (no pun intended), reflections that may allow us to begin thinking about this cinematic notion of the depthless as a device and concept in its own right, with its own rationales and implications, just as art historians and cultural theorists have found it an interesting concept by which to study and categorize artistic and cultural developments. There is so much discussion in film studies about depth – from Bazin's discourse about neorealism's “decisive step forward” re-introducing deep focus, to Gilles Deleuze's talk about Orson Welles' “freeing” of depth, it might be helpful to consider its supposedly backwards, “restrictive” antithesis as well.
Lights, Camera, Lumino-Politics: LightingThe Searchers, from Paraffin to LED
Authors: Duncan Pansy
Published: June 2018

Across the past decade or so, “politically committed” strains of film studies have undergone a much-vaunted aesthetic turn. It is now widely acknowledged that political struggle is as likely to converge in and around the tangible, audible and/or visible surface of the filmic image as it is to involve forces operating “within,” “beyond” or “behind” that surface. Yet while this so-called aesthetic turn has restored questions of film sound, film form and film colour to the film-political agenda, questions of film lighting are yet to feature prominently in these discussions. This essay addresses this situation through a re-reading of John Ford's The Searchers (1956), a film whose ambivalent engagement with America's troubled settler-colonial history has seen it mortgaged to depth-oriented reading methods. Countering these approaches, I argue that, even before the filmic image signifies or symptomatizes settler-colonial struggle, that struggle is played out across the surface of the filmic image in the form of efforts to control the diffusion, distribution and dissemination of light itself. In arguing this, I will show how The Searchers situates its own formal and technical efforts to regulate light's movement across the surface of the cinematic image within a history of settler-colonial efforts to regulate light's movement across varied domestic, civic and geographic surfaces. In doing so, I contend, the film both foregrounds cinema's complicity in, and delivers a searing critique of, Western efforts to control light.
Surface Contact: Film Design as an Exchange of Meaning
Authors: Fife Donaldson Lucy
Published: June 2018

Surface has become an important consideration of sensory film theory, conceived of in various forms: the screen itself as less a barrier than a permeable skin, the site of a meaningful interaction between film and audience; the image as a surface to be experienced haptically, the eye functioning as a hand that brushes across and engages with the field of vision; surfaces within the film, be they organic or fabricated, presenting a tactile appeal. Surface evokes contact and touch, the look or sound it produces (or produced on it) inviting consideration of its materiality, and perhaps even a tactile interchange. If the surface of film, across its varied associations, presents the possibility of an intersubjective contact between film and audience, this article seeks to include another body: that of the filmmaker. There are many people who contribute to the material constitution of a film and I would suggest that we might seek to appreciate its textures just as we might that of a painting. Focus on the fine detail of textures within the film becomes a way to foreground the contributions of filmmakers who have been less central to discussions of meaning, but whose work in the making of décor, costume and sound effects, has a significant impact on filmic affect. Through detailed discussion of film moments, archival design materials and interviews with film designers, this article will attend to the exchanges of meaning situated on the audio-visual surfaces of film.
Interpretation, Irony and “Surface Meanings” in Film
Authors: MacDowell James
Published: June 2018

In theories of interpretation, the artwork's “surface” is frequently cast as something to be looked past in our quest for meaning. As such, the “surface” has also understandably been the focus of several polemics against the excesses of interpretive criticism – in film scholarship and beyond. This article explores what role concepts of the “surface” and “surface meaning” might fruitfully play in the interpretation of fiction films by thinking about a particular kind of expression-by-implication available to the medium: irony. An under-theorised phenomenon, filmic irony could seem to require interpretation in order to grasp meanings that reside precisely elsewhere than the “surface”. Yet, can we even distinguish between a “surface meaning” and an “implied” meaning in a non-linguistic medium like film? This article addresses such questions by exploring the possibility of separating the explicit and implicit, as well as interpretation and comprehension, in a medium whose very capacity for ironic expression has sometimes been doubted.
Surfaces of Science Fiction: Enacting Gender and “Humanness” in Ex Machina
Authors: Constable Catherine
Published: June 2018

This article explores two different conceptions of the postmodern surface and their take up in relation to mainstream science fiction cinema. Each offers a rather different genealogy for considering the surfaces of the science fiction film. The first traces Frederic Jameson's conception of postmodern superficiality and its dual role as a mode of reading texts and an aesthetic paradigm. The second traces Judith Butler's conception of gender performativity, its application to technology, and the expansion of performativity as a key mechanism for the enactment of “humanness”. The reading of Ex Machina (Alex Garland, 2014) will explore the aesthetics of film's mise-en-scène with its plurality of textured and reflective surfaces. It will trace the performative constructions of gender and humanness that intersect across the film, before finally focussing on the ending as a way of addressing key issues at stake in the conceptualisation of surface readings.
Ethical Writing and Commemoration: Benjamin Fondane's ‘Preface in Prose’ and the Philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Dickow Alexander
Published: June 2018

The end of Benjamin Fondane's iconic poem, the ‘Préface en prose’, is inscribed at the entrance of Yad Vashem's Hall of Names. The quote is a resonant call to recognize the humanity of all victims in the poet's human countenance. This reference, among many other elements in this poem, prompts a comparison to Emmanuel Levinas's philosophy. The poem's speaker specifically resembles Levinas's ‘Other’. Contrary to Levinas, it is maintained that written discourse, and not just the face-to-face encounter, involves an ethical summons, implying a responsibility on the part of the reader: the responsibility to commemorate, in this case to commemorate the innocent humanity murdered in the Shoah.
Ethics, Universality and Vulnerability in Abderrahmane Sissako's Bamako (2006) and Timbuktu (2014)
Authors: Ince Kate
Published: June 2018

This article adds philosopher Judith Butler to the list of thinkers whose work underpins the interest in ethics and/in film that began in earnest in the 2000s. Beginning with Precarious Life: Powers of Mourning and Violence (2004), Butler has published several volumes that blend ethical thinking with moral theory and political philosophy, focusing on the concepts of precariousness and vulnerability. This article suggests that two films directed by Abderrahmane Sissako, Bamako (2006) and Timbuktu (2014), as dramas of precariousness and vulnerability respectively, can inform thinking about cinematic ethics: the staging of a trial of global institutions in Bamako dramatizes the possible universalization of an ethic of precarity, while in Timbuktu the condemnation to death of a Tuareg shepherd by Ansar Dine, the militant Islamist group that occupied parts of Mali in 2012, allows Sissako to give full rein to his talent for filming the vulnerability of both victims and oppressors.
Derrida and Frege
Authors: Hobson Marian
Published: June 2018

Derrida, for reasons which he never made clear publicly, published his mémoire for the diplôme d'études supérieures only in 1990, some thirty-five years after it had been written. Had it been published much earlier, some of the dispiritingly ill-informed remarks about his work might have been avoided. The mémoire, entitled The Problem of Genesis in Husserl's Philosophy, reveals that he is, when required, perfectly able to write a standard thesis in straightforward French. And that, in particular, he is aware of the work of the great logician Gottlob Frege in its relation to Husserl.
Pinocembrin–Lecithin Complex: Characterization, Solubilization, and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Yang Xu , Wang Xin , Chen Xiao-Yu , Ji Hai-Yu , Zhang Yan , Liu An-Jun
Published: June 2018

Pinocembrin is a natural flavonoid compound which is capable of antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. The present study aimed to enhance the solubility and antioxidant activities of pinocembrin by complex formation with lecithin. The physicochemical characteristics of pinocembrin–lecithin complex were analyzed by ultraviolet (UV), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and solubility assay, and the antioxidant activities of pinocembrin–lecithin complex were evaluated via radical scavenging capacities for 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl, and superoxide-anion. The results indicated that pinocembrin complex with lecithin could significantly improve the solubility of pinocembrin in water and n-octane, the pinocembrin–lecithin complex displayed no characteristic endothermic peak and the appearance of amorphous state, compared to the pinocembrin, and no new covalent bond was produced in the pinocembrin and lecithin compound. It was demonstrated that the antioxidant activities of pinocembrin were obviously enhanced by the complex with lecithin, and the scavenging capacities for hydroxyl radical, DPPH, superoxide-anion radical, and ABTS radical of pinocembrin–lecithin complex were 82.44 ± 2.21%, 40.07 ± 1.32%, 59.15 ± 0.86%, and 24.73 ± 1.04% at 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. It suggested that the pinocembrin–lecithin complex had a great potential application prospect in the healthcare industry and in clinical practice.
On Ontological Alternatives to Bohmian Mechanics
Authors: Filk Thomas
Published: June 2018

The article describes an interpretation of the mathematical formalism of standard quantum mechanics in terms of relations. In particular, the wave function ψ(x) is interpreted as a complex-valued relation between an entity (often called “particle”) and a second entity x (often called “spatial point”). Such complex-valued relations can also be formulated for classical physical systems. Entanglement is interpreted as a relation between two entities (particles or properties of particles). Such relations define the concept of “being next to each other”, which implies that entangled entities are close to each other, even though they might appear to be far away with respect to a classical background space. However, when space is also considered to be a network of relations (of which the classical background space is a large-scale continuum limit), such nearest neighbor configurations are possible. The measurement problem is discussed from the perspective of this interpretation. It should be emphasized that this interpretation is not meant to be a serious attempt to describe the ontology of our world, but its purpose is to make it obvious that, besides Bohmian mechanics, presumably many other ontological interpretations of quantum theory exist.
Energy-Efficient Scheduling of Periodic Applications on Safety-Critical Time-Triggered Multiprocessor Systems
Authors: Jiang Xiaowen , Huang Kai , Zhang Xiaomeng , Yan Rongjie , Wang Ke , Xiong Dongliang , Yan Xiaolang
Published: June 2018

Energy optimization for periodic applications running on safety/time-critical time-triggered multiprocessor systems has been studied recently. An interesting feature of the applications on the systems is that some tasks are strictly periodic while others are non-strictly periodic, i.e., the start time interval between any two successive instances of the same task is not fixed as long as task deadlines can be met. Energy-efficient scheduling of such applications on the systems has, however, been rarely investigated. In this paper, we focus on the problem of static scheduling multiple periodic applications consisting of both strictly and non-strictly periodic tasks on safety/time-critical time-triggered multiprocessor systems for energy minimization. The challenge of the problem is that both strictly and non-strictly periodic tasks must be intelligently addressed in scheduling to optimize energy consumption. We introduce a new practical task model to characterize the unique feature of specific tasks, and formulate the energy-efficient scheduling problem based on the model. Then, an improved Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) method is proposed to obtain the optimal scheduling solution by considering strict and non-strict periodicity of the specific tasks. To decrease the high complexity of MILP, we also develop a heuristic algorithm to efficiently find a high-quality solution in reasonable time. Extensive evaluation results demonstrate the proposed MILP and heuristic methods can on average achieve about 14.21% and 13.76% energy-savings respectively compared with existing work.
A New Flicker Detection Method for New Generation Lamps Both Robust to Fundamental Frequency Deviation and Based on the Whole Voltage Frequency Spectrum
Authors: Akkaya Sıtkı , Salor Özgül
Published: June 2018

A simplified Voltage Peak Detection (VPD)-based flickermeter based on spectral decomposition is proposed in this paper to detect flicker caused by high-frequency interharmonic components which effect the illumination of next-generation lamps, such as LEDs and compact fluorescent lamps. The proposed VPD-based flickermeter is specially designed to be robust to fundamental frequency deviations, which is a reality of all power systems. The proposed flickermeter is developed using a sinusoidal voltage model and it is analytically shown that flicker depends on the additive effect of the amplitudes of all the interharmonic components. Flicker results obtained by the proposed VPD-based flickermeter, IEC 61000-4-15 flickermeter, and another spectral analysis based IEC flickermeter are all compared with both synthetic voltage waveforms and field data collected from parts of the electricity transmission system with intermittent loads such as electric arc furnaces. It has been shown that only the proposed VPD-based flickermeter is sensitive to the high-frequency interharmonic components in the voltage spectrum and they are not detected by the other flickermeters. In the literature, there is no flickermeter that considers the flicker effect of the high-frequency interharmonic components and gives accurate results in cases of fundamental frequency deviations at the same time.
A Frequency Control Strategy Considering Large Scale Wind Power Cluster Integration Based on Distributed Model Predictive Control
Authors: Sun Bohao , Tang Yong , Ye Lin , Chen Chaoyu , Zhang Cihang , Zhong Wuzhi
Published: June 2018

With large scale wind integration and increasing wind penetration in power systems, relying solely on conventional generators for frequency control is not enough to satisfy system frequency stability requirements. It is imperative that wind power have certain capabilities to participate in frequency control by cooperating with conventional power sources. Firstly, a multi-area interconnected power system frequency response model containing wind power clusters and conventional generators is established with consideration of several nonlinear constraints. Moreover, a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) strategy considering Laguerre functions is proposed, which implements online rolling optimization by using ultra-short-term wind power forecasting data in order to realize advanced frequency control. Finally, a decomposition-coordination control algorithm considering Nash equilibrium is presented, which realizes online fast optimization of multivariable systems with constraints. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and algorithm.
A Community Study of Borrelia burgdorferi Antibodies among Individuals with Prior Lyme Disease in Endemic Areas
Authors: Strobino Barbara , Steinhagen Katja , Meyer Wolfgang , Scheper Thomas , Saschenbrecker Sandra , Schlumberger Wolfgang , Stöcker Winfried , Gaito Andrea , Fallon Brian A.
Published: June 2018

The objective was to examine the prevalence of Borrelia antibodies among symptomatic individuals with recent and past Lyme disease in endemic communities using standard assays and novel assays employing next-generation antigenic substrates. Single- and two-tiered algorithms included different anti-Borrelia ELISAs and immunoblots. Antibody prevalence was examined in sera from 32 individuals with recent erythema migrans (EM), 335 individuals with persistent symptoms following treatment for Lyme disease (PTLS), and 41 community controls without a history of Lyme disease. Among convalescent EM cases, sensitivity was highest using the C6 ELISA (93.8%) compared to other single assays; specificity was 92.7% for the C6 ELISA vs. 85.4–97.6% for other assays. The two-tiered ELISA-EUROLINE IgG immunoblot combinations enhanced case detection substantially compared to the respective ELISA-IgG Western blot combinations (75.0% vs. 34.4%) despite similar specificity (95.1% vs. 97.6%, respectively). For PTLS cohorts, two-tier ELISA-IgG-blot positivity ranged from 10.1% to 47.4%, depending upon assay combination, time from initial infection, and clinical history. For controls, the two-tier positivity rate was 0–14.6% across assays. A two-tier algorithm of two-ELISA assays yielded a high positivity rate of 87.5% among convalescent EM cases with specificity of 92.7%. For convalescent EM, combinations of the C6 ELISA with a second-tier ELISA or line blot may provide useful alternatives to WB-based testing algorithms.
Trends and Knowledge Gaps in the Study of Nature-Based Participation by Latinos in the United States
Authors: Tandon Pooja S. , Kuehne Lauren M. , Olden Julian D.
Published: June 2018

Mounting evidence supports health and well-being benefits associated with nature experiences, while also highlighting race- and class-based inequalities in access and exposure. We synthesized the literature on nature contact by Latinos in the United States to assess the state of knowledge and strategically identify research needs to improve outcomes and reduce health disparities for this rapidly growing ethnic group. Our systematic review revealed 108 articles with a notable increase in number of papers over the past 3 decades. We noted that the body of research is focused on certain demographic targets (adults in urban areas) with a relative dearth of knowledge for others (children, seniors, and rural areas). Our analysis also revealed strong compartmentalizing of studies into research “clusters” based on nonoverlapping topics and types of outcomes that are measured. Although one-third of studies explored health outcomes, these studies rarely examined other outcomes or research topics. Moreover, less than 7% of studies reported on interventions. Given the potential for nature contact to enhance health and well-being, there is substantial need for multidisciplinary research that explores interactions between social, cultural, and economic factors, and how those ultimately relate to nature contact and outcomes for Latinos in the United States.
Research on a 3D Geological Disaster Monitoring Platform Based on REST Service
Authors: Leng Xiaopeng , Liu Dunlong , Luo Junsong , Mei Zhanyong
Published: June 2018

Representational state transfer (REST) is a resource-based service architectural style. It abstracts data and services as resources and accesses them through a unique Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). Compared with traditional Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) methods, REST is more concise. It takes full advantage of HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and has better scalability and extensibility. Based on REST services, this article integrates geographic information, real-time disaster monitoring data, and warning services in a three-dimensional (3D) digital Earth infrastructure and establishes a three-dimensional geological disaster monitoring GIS platform with good service compatibility and extensibility. The platform visually displays geographical and geological information and real-time monitoring data in a three-dimensional Earth, accesses warning model services to implement disaster warnings, and realizes comprehensive information management, monitoring, and warnings of multiple types of geological disasters. This can provide decision support for disaster prevention and relief and improve the informatization of geological disaster prevention and control.
Erratum: Knoblauch, N. et al. Ceria: Recent Results on Dopant-Induced Surface Phenomena †. Inorganics 2017, 5, 76
Authors: Knoblauch Nicole , Simon Heike , Dörrer Lars , Uxa Daniel , Beschnitt Stefan , Fielitz Peter , Wendelstorf Jens , Spitzer Karl-Heinz , Schmücker Martin , Borchardt Günter
Published: June 2018

The authors would like to add Stefan Beschnitt, who performed SIMS line scans, to the authors’ list in 5th position of their paper published in Inorganics[...]
Giant Enhancement of Magnetostrictive Response in Directionally-Solidified Fe83Ga17Erx Compounds
Authors: Barua Radhika , Taheri Parisa , Chen Yajie , Koblischka-Veneva Anjela , Koblischka Michael R. , Jiang Liping , Harris Vincent G.
Published: June 2018

We report, for the first time, correlations between crystal structure, microstructure and magnetofunctional response in directionally solidified [110]-textured Fe83Ga17Erx (0 < x < 1.2) alloys. The morphology of the doped samples consists of columnar grains, mainly composed of a matrix phase and precipitates of a secondary phase deposited along the grain boundary region. An enhancement of more than ~275% from ~45 to 170 ppm is observed in the saturation magnetostriction value (λs) of Fe83Ga17Erx alloys with the introduction of small amounts of Er. Moreover, it was noted that the low field derivative of magnetostriction with respect to an applied magnetic field (i.e., dλs/dHapp for Happ up to 1000 Oe) increases by ~230% with Er doping (dλs/dHapp,FeGa= 0.045 ppm/Oe; dλs/dHapp,FeGaEr= 0.15 ppm/Oe). The enhanced magnetostrictive response of the Fe83Ga17Erx alloys is ascribed to an amalgamation of microstructural and electronic factors, namely: (i) improved grain orientation and local strain effects due to deposition of Er in the intergranular region; and (ii) strong local magnetocrystalline anisotropy, due to the highly anisotropic localized nature of the 4f electronic charge distribution of the Er atom. Overall, this work provides guidelines for further improving galfenol-based materials systems for diverse applications in the power and energy sector.
Risk factors and pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Paknys Gintaras , Kondrotas Anatolijus , Kėvelaitis Egidijus
Published: June 2018

The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and its pathogenesis and to introduce the readers to the basic concept of autoimmune thyroid disease. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are different expressions of a basically similar autoimmune process, and the clinical appearance reflects the spectrum of the immune response in a particular patient. During this response, cytotoxic autoantibodies, stimulatory autoantibodies, blocking autoantibodies, or cellmediated autoimmunity may be observed. Persons with classic Hashimoto’s thyroiditis have serum antibodies reacting with thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase. These antibodies (particularly antibodies against thyroid peroxidase) are complement-fixing immunoglobulins and may be cytotoxic. In addition, many patients have cell-mediated immunity directed against thyroid antigens. Cell mediated-immunity is also a feature of experimental thyroiditis induced in animals by injection of thyroid antigen with adjuvants. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is predominantly the clinical expression of cell-mediated immunity leading to destruction of thyroid cells, which in its severest form causes thyroid failure. The significance of genetic component and nongenetic risk factors (pregnancy, drugs, age, sex, infection, and irradiation) in the development of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is also reviewed. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the genetic component is important in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, although the pattern of inheritance is non-Mendelian and is likely to be influenced by subtle variations in the functions of multiple genes. Nongenetic risk factors (environmental factors) are also etiologically important, because the concordance rate in monozygotic twins is below 1.