bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Media Perspectives: Coverage of the Women’s Reservation Bill in Leading Indian English Newspapers
Authors: Dhasmana Sumedha , Raj Shipra
Published: August 2024

In September 2023, Indian politics witnessed two significant events: the transition from the 96-year-old parliament building to a new one in Sansad Marg Area and the passing of the Constitution 128th (Amendment) Bill, 2023—the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam. Women’s Reservation Bill, which passed with an overwhelming majority in both the Houses of the Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), culminates several previous attempts. The journey of this bill began in 1996, followed by attempts in 1998, 1999 and 2008, with a 2010 bill passing in Rajya Sabha but lapsing in Lok Sabha. At the time of its passing, around 15% of Lok Sabha members were women, a record high. This historical context is crucial to understanding the significance of the bill and its impact on Indian politics. As a powerful influencer of public opinion, the media responded to the Women’s Reservation Bill with praise and criticism, reflecting the diverse public opinion. Some hailed it as a revolutionary step, while others dismissed it as an ‘election jumla (lofty promise)’. The bill’s delayed applicability and the perceived neglect of OBC reservations sparked controversy. This study examines how the news media framed the Women’s Reservation Bill, using content analysis of six leading English newspapers in India: The Times of India, Hindustan Times, Hindu, The Indian Express, The Pioneer and The Statesman. The researchers identified various frames, including informational, political, policy and conflict that the media used to shape public perception and understanding of the bill. The newspaper coverage intensified from September 19 onwards, offering a mix of news stories, analyses and graphical representations, reflecting the complexity of the bill and the public discourse surrounding it.
Effects of high tibial osteotomy on the coronal, sagittal, and axial alignments of the ankle joint
Authors: Oh Byung Hak , Seo Kyung Deok , Yoo Hyun Jin , Jang Min Gu , Park Ji Seong , Song Jae Hwang
Published: August 2024

Background

No comprehensive study has been conducted on the effects of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) on the coronal, sagittal, and axial alignments of the ankle joint. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the multiplane changes in the ankle joint following HTO using the EOS biplanar X-ray imaging system.

Methods

The medical records of 43 patients who underwent HTO for the treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative EOS images and lower-extremity scanograms were evaluated; the correlations between the outcomes were evaluated.

Results

After HTO, the ankle joint axis point on the weight-bearing line showed significant lateralization ( p < .001). The knee lateral ankle surface angle increased significantly in the sagittal alignment ( p < .001). The distal tibia showed a significant internal rotation in the axial plane ( p = .022). Tibial rotation showed no significant relationship with the other parameters.

Conclusions

HTO induced lateralization of the ankle joint axis (coronal), increased the posterior tibial slope (sagittal), and caused the internal rotation of the distal tibia (axial). Axial changes in the distal tibia showed no significant relationship with other coronal and sagittal parameters of the ankle joint. We suggest that surgeons should consider, during HTO, that the ankle joint axis shifts laterally and distal tibia has tendency to rotate internally after HTO.
Investigating the Impact of User Interface Designs on Expectations About Large Language Models’ Capabilities
Authors: Gröner Felix , Chiou Erin K.
Published: August 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) with their novel conversational interaction format could create incorrectly calibrated expectations about their capabilities. The present study investigates human expectations toward a generic LLM’s capabilities and limitations. Participants of an online study were shown a series of prompts that cover a wide range of tasks and asked to assess the likelihood of the LLM being able to help with those tasks. The result is a catalog of people’s general expectations of LLM capabilities across various task domains. Depending on the actual capabilities of a specific system, this could inform developers of potential over- or under-reliance on this technology due to these misconceptions. To explore a potential way of correcting misconceptions we also attempted to manipulate their expectations with three different interface designs. In most of the tested task domains, such as computation and text processing, however, these seem to be insufficient to overpower people’s initial expectations.
Utilizing Motion Capture to Quantify Physical Workload in Augmented Reality Learning Environments
Authors: Pulipati Varun , Kim Jung Hyup , Wang Fang , Mostowfi Sara , Oprean Danielle , Seo Kangwon
Published: August 2024

This study examines the ergonomic impact of augmented reality (AR) technologies in educational contexts, with a focus on understanding how prolonged AR engagement affects postural dynamics and physical demands on users. By analyzing slouching scores alongside NASA Task Load Index (TLX) Physical Demand (PD) values, we assess the physical strain experienced by participants during the initial modules of an AR-based lecture series. Our findings demonstrate a notable decline in slouching scores as participants progress through the lecture modules, indicating increased postural deviations. To quantify these effects, we developed a regression model that effectively predicts the physical demands imposed by various AR modules, based on the observed slouching scores.
Innovative Services for Survivors of Sexual Violence: Mapping New Pathways Forward
Authors: Chisholm Kate , Koss Mary P.
Published: August 2024

Ensuring that support and services are meeting the needs of survivor-victims (SV) of sexual assault requires that policymakers, service providers, and advocates seek their insight directly. This article reports qualitative results on self-perceived needs from SV focus groups conducted in the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States (Phoenix, Arizona). Interviews with key informants (KIs) drawn from the service and justice sector were also obtained for system-level perspectives of SV priority needs. The major themes of the SV conversations demonstrated that they use a holistic wellness perspective. Their narratives mapped across the social-ecological model and demonstrated a wide range of wants and needs beyond justice. KI narratives identified options typically listed on a grant menu. SVs spoke of what they needed in their daily lives. Typically, KIs focused on increased funds to offer more of the same interventions currently available. The findings open opportunities to better align services with what SVs seek, and further underscore the need to engage them in planning and implementation.
International cross-sectional survey on attitudes and practices regarding use of contrast-enhanced ULTRAsound in VASCular surgery: The I-ULTRA-VASC study
Authors: Bertagna Giulia , Troisi Nicola , Zlatanovic Petar , Rocha-Neves Joao , Chisci Emiliano , Berchiolli Raffaella , Lepidi Sandro , D’Oria Mario
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to gather attitudes and practices of physicians from different countries regarding the implementation of contrast-enhanced ULTRAsound (CEUS) for vascular diseases in clinical practice as well as in academic research.

Methods

A web-based survey was developed in English, including 35 questions. Two-hundred sixty physicians were invited by email to fill in the survey anonymously on Google Forms using a dedicated link. The survey started on 25th February 2024 and was closed on 13th March 2024 (17 days). A reminder was sent after the first 10 days. In addition to descriptive statistics, sub-analyses of answers according to country of origin (Italy vs other States), years of experience (≤20 years vs > 20 years), and type of institution (Academic/University vs Non-Academic/Private) were also established a priori.

Results

A total of 121 practitioners from 20 countries completed our survey (response rate 121/260, 46%). Most responders were males (95/121, 78.5%). Most participants were vascular surgeons (118/121, 97.5%). CEUS was available in 87/121, 70.2% of the centers involved, even though a standardized protocol was present in 54/121, and 44% of surveyed institutions. Italian institutions presented greater CEUS availability (62/72, 86.1% vs 25/49, 51.0%; p = .001) and higher presence of standardized protocols (38/72, 52.8% vs 16/49, 32.6%; p = .022) than foreign institutions. The diagnostic tool was thought to be more useful for carotid artery stenosis in the postoperative phase, while for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in the preoperative phase. For diagnosis and/or preoperative management of carotid stenosis 53/121, 44% of physicians believed that CEUS should be performed only in selected cases, while for AAA 42/121, 35% of them believed that it could be useful only for scientific purposes. Similarly, 99/121, 82% of participants answered that CEUS was usually prescribed in 0%–20% of the cases during the preoperative diagnostic pathway of patients with peripheral arterial disease. No differences between country of origin, years of experience, and type of institution were found for the reported items. There was also 106/121, 88% of respondents agreed upon the need for better integration of CEUS in current guidelines and 114/121, 94% of them upon the need for further studies.

Conclusions

This ULTRA-VASC survey has demonstrated that CEUS is still rarely used in current practice for many vascular diseases despite the availability of this tool in most centers Future studies are needed, as well as enhanced guidance on the proper implementation of CEUS from guidelines.
China's New Cultural Entrepreneurs and Creative Industries, 2000–2022: Guest Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Berg Daria , Strafella Giorgio
Published: August 2024

This Special Issue aims to open new windows on cultural entrepreneurship in China's new media and creative industries from circa 2000 to 2022. It presents four studies on Chinese cultural entrepreneurship in literary production, visual arts, social media, and cinema. These studies analyse from various angles the rise of cultural entrepreneurship – straddling commerce and culture – in China's official and vernacular cultures, including the role of gender and the rise of women cultural entrepreneurs in China's new mediasphere, within an adverse socio-political environment. Analysis of voices, themes, and a network of negotiations and exchanges in literary texts, visual artworks, movies, social media, and the socio-cultural and political discourses in China's mediasphere sheds new light on self-fashioning in transmedia narratives, the new cultural dynamics of the digital age, and the tensions between China's vernacular cultures – which thrive in digital spaces and non-official communities – and the officially ordained culture of the party-state.
Causal roles of immune cells in cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization (MR) study
Authors: Vicheth Virak , Zhong Chongbin , Guan Junjie , Zhang Xuwei , Chen Deshu , Yang Pingzhen
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite being a major global cause of mortality, the exact underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain uncertain. This study aimed to elucidate the possible pathological connection between circulating activated immune cell types and the advancement of CVD.

Methods

A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed on publicly available genetic databases to examine the potential causal relationships among 731 immune phenotypes and CVD risks. The study focused on four distinct immune signatures: relative cell counts (RC), absolute cell counts (AC), morphological parameters (MP), and median fluorescence intensities (MFI). A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the findings’ consistency, robustness, and potential pleiotropic effects.

Results

Significant associations between CVD and various immunophenotypes were observed in this study. Specifically, two phenotypes exhibited protective effects against CVD. The odds ratio (OR) for activated and secretory CD4+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) was 0.757 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.628–0.913; p = 0.004], whereas that for B-cell activating factor receptor on IgD−CD38+ memory B-cells was 0.654 (95% CI: 0.468–0.915; p = 0.013). Conversely, three major immunophenotypes were linked to heightened risks of CVD: CD80 on myeloid dendritic cells (OR: 1.181; 95% CI: 1.015–1.376; p = 0.032), the proportion of CD28+ CD45RA+ CD8+ T-cells in total T-cell population (OR: 1.064; 95% CI: 1.002–1.128; p = 0.041), and the proportion of CD28−CD45RA+ CD8+ T-cells in total T-cell population (OR: 1.005; 95% CI: 1.000–1.011; p = 0.045).

Conclusion

This study underscores significant correlations between specific immune phenotypes and the risks associated with CVD onset, thus providing valuable perspectives for forthcoming clinical inquiries.
Is Consultant Cluster Checking Effective? Lessons from East Africa
Authors: Wade Martha L.
Published: August 2024

Cluster checking is the most frequently used form of consultant checking in one area of East Africa. This kind of checking is primarily exegetical checking. In this paper, the negative and positive aspects of cluster checking will be discussed, with a special focus on the checking of three translations of Exodus in October 2022. In preparation for this cluster-checking session, many notes were prepared for each team. The impact of these notes on the translations will be examined. Despite the fact that cluster checking may not be the best form of consultant checking, the interaction between the teams in such a checking session often leads to improvements in the translations that probably would not have happened in a comprehension-style checking session with one team.
Oral Bible Translation as a Means of Enhancing Bible Engagement in Oral Communities: A Survey of Rural Congregations of the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian, Nkhoma Synod, in Malawi
Authors: Chiwoko Banda Maxwell
Published: August 2024

More than one hundred years of Bible translation in Malawi with a primary focus on the production of written versions has left behind those who have an oral orientation, negatively affecting Bible engagement in most rural communities. This study reports on a survey that was done in rural congregations of the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian, Nkhoma Synod, in Malawi, on the levels of Bible engagement and the viability of oral Bible translation. Before presenting the results of the survey, the study appraises the history of Bible translation in Malawi for the purpose of highlighting the communication gap left by written Bible translations. A discussion of both scholarly and biblical materials establishes the need for oral Bible translation.
Patient Satisfaction Following Non-Operative Treatment of Geriatric Hip Fractures: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Wiseley Benjamin R. , Shin Edward D. , Kuhn Gabrielle R. , Hetzel Scott J. , Johnson Kristina P. , Goodspeed David C. , Doro Christopher J. , Whiting Paul S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

A minority of geriatric hip fracture patients pursue non-operative treatment. Compared with surgical patients, non-operative patients have higher mortality rates. However, patient satisfaction following non-operative vs operative treatment has not been investigated extensively. The purpose of this study was to compare satisfaction among non-operatively vs operatively treated hip fracture patients.

Methods

We identified patients aged 60+ years with proximal femur fractures treated over a 10-year period. Excluded were patients with isolated greater/lesser trochanteric fractures. Patients or relatives were asked to complete a 6-question survey about their treatment satisfaction.

Results

Survey responses from 56 operative and 28 non-operative patients were recorded. Overall, 91.1% of operative and 82.1% of non-operative patients were satisfied with their treatment course ( P = 0.260). However, only 71.4% of non-operative patients were satisfied with treatment option explanations vs 83.9% of operative patients ( P = 0.014). While only 64.3% of non-operative respondents were satisfied with the ultimate treatment outcome (vs 85.7% of operative patients, P = 0.025), 89.3% of patients in each cohort would choose the same treatment plan again.

Discussion

Our findings highlight the complexity of defining patient satisfaction, particularly in a geriatric hip fracture population. Unlike previous studies, we chose a direct approach to quantifying patient satisfaction by asking participants specifically about satisfaction with treatment outcome and the overall treatment course. Additional survey questions were then included to assess factors considered important in treatment satisfaction, such as health care provider treatment explanations, post-treatment mobility, and palliative care service involvement.

Conclusions

We identified significant differences between non-operatively and operatively treated geriatric hip fracture patients regarding satisfaction with the explanation of treatment options, and ultimate treatment outcomes. There was no significant difference in overall satisfaction with the treatment course or likelihood of choosing the same treatment again. Further research investigating patient satisfaction following geriatric hip fracture treatment is warranted.
Aesthetic Radiofrequency Associated with Rosmarinus officinalis Supplementation is Safe and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Women: Randomized, and Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Tremêa Greissi Tatieli Franke , Kleibert Karine Raquel Uhdich , Krause Lenara Schalanski , Fell Ana Paula Weber , Scapini Anais Regina , Marschall Keli Wilchen , Baiotto Cristiano Sartori , da Silva Martha Héllen Tremêa , da Silva José Antonio Gonzalez , Colet Christiane de Fátima
Published: August 2024

The objective were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of standardized dry extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) and the application of aesthetic radiofrequency on the oxidative stress markers catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), non-protein thiols (NP-SH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and the biochemical markers triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO/AST), pyruvic-glutamic transaminase (TGP/ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), and creatinine. This study included 32 women received the aesthetic therapy to reduce localized fat. They were divided into the control group (n = 8) receiving placebo capsules and the intervention group (n = 24) subdivided into Group A, B, and C, each with eight members receiving supplementation with 100, 500, and 1000 mg/day of standardized dry extract of RO, respectively. The Universal Trial Number (UTN) – U1111-1274-6255. Supplementation with RO (500 mg/day) demonstrated a reduction in oxidative stress (quantified with through a significant increase in NP-SH and a reduction in SOD and CAT enzymes). The radiofrequency aesthetic treatment did not promote an increase in oxidative stress; however, it caused significant changes in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and creatinine. RO is a plant with antioxidant effects and its oral consumption is safe in selected women subjects in hepatic and renal markers.
Identification of QTLs and candidate genes for water-soluble protein content in soybean seeds
Authors: Zhang Xujuan , Wang Fengmin , Chen Qiang , Zhao Qingsong , Zhao Tiantian , Hu Xuejie , Liu Luping , Qi Jin , Qiao Yake , Zhang Mengchen , Yang Chunyan , Qin Jun
Published: August 2024

Soybean represents a vital source of premium plant-based proteins for human nutrition. Importantly, the level of water-soluble protein (WSP) is crucial for determining the overall quality and nutritional value of such crops. Enhancing WSP levels in soybean plants is a high-priority goal in crop improvement. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic basis of WSP content in soybean seeds by identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and set the foundation for subsequent gene cloning and functional analysis. Using 180 F10 recombinant inbred lines generated by crossing the high-protein soybean cultivar JiDou 12 with the wild variety Ye 9, our researcher team mapped the QTLs influencing protein levels, integrating Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and gene expression profiling to identify candidate genes. During the 2020 and 2022 growing seasons, a standard bell-shaped distribution of protein content trait data was observed in these soybean lines. Eight QTLs affecting protein content were found across eight chromosomes, with LOD scores ranging from 2.59 to 7.30, explaining 4.15–11.74% of the phenotypic variance. Notably, two QTLs were newly discovered, one with a elite allele at qWSPC-15 from Ye 9. The major QTL, qWSPC-19, on chromosome 19 was stable across conditions and contained genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and signaling. Two genes from this QTL, Glyma.19G185700 and Glyma.19G186000, exhibited distinct expression patterns at maturity, highlighting the influence of these genes on protein content. This research revealed eight QTLs for WSP content in soybean seeds and proposed a gene for the key QTL qWSPC-19, laying groundwork for gene isolation and enhanced soybean breeding through the use of molecular markers. These insights are instrumental for developing protein-rich soybean cultivars.
Reliability and consistency of the Japanese version of the Primary Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale
Authors: Yanagihashi Masaru , Hirayama Takehisa , Shibukawa Mari , Nagasawa Junpei , Fujita Koji , Izumi Yuishin , Morita Mitsuya , Bokuda Kota , Takahashi Kazushi , Kanai Kazuaki , Atsuta Naoki , Iguchi Yohei , Katsuno Masahisa , Murakami Yoshitaka , Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Kano Osamu
Published: August 2024

Background

Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is an extremely rare condition; therefore, to date no clinical studies have been conducted. The Primary Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (PLSFRS) was developed in the United States of America. The PLSFRS is a crucial assessment scale for international collaborative research and future clinical trials for PLS. It is useful for evaluating medical conditions through face-to-face assessments and telephone interviews such as when a face-to-face assessment is not possible due to disasters or the burden of hospital visits. This study assessed the reliability and consistency of in-person and telephone interviews using the Japanese version of the PLSFRS.

Methods

We enrolled 19 Japanese patients who met the specific criteria for inclusion at the six collaborating institutions. The PLSFRS assessments were performed by two evaluators at defined time points and analyzed for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and consistency between the in-person and telephone interviews.

Results

The Japanese version of the PLSFRS was developed by a specialized company and translator, and modified to consider the Japanese lifestyle through a consensus among motor neuron specialists. The quadratic-weighted kappa coefficients for the intra-rater and the inter-rater agreement were substantial (intra-rater: 0.691-1.000, inter-rater: 0.634-1.000). Moreover, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the PLSFRS total score was 0.997 (95% confidence interval, 0.992–0.999).

Conclusions

This study provides results regarding the Japanese version of the PLSFRS intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and consistency between in-person and telephone interviews.
Erdafitinib in Asian patients with advanced solid tumors: an open-label, single-arm, phase IIa trial
Authors: Park Joon Oh , Feng Yin-Hsun , Su Wu-Chou , Oh Do-Youn , Keam Bhumsuk , Shen Lin , Kim Sang-We , Liu Xiufeng , Liao Huimin , Qing Min , Zhang Chong , Qian Jiaqi , Tang Xiaodan , Li Peng , Triantos Spyros , Sweiti Hussein
Published: August 2024

Background

FGFR genomic aberrations occur in approximately 5–10% of human cancers. Erdafitinib has previously demonstrated efficacy and safety in FGFR-altered advanced solid tumors, such as gliomas, thoracic, gastrointestinal, gynecological, and other rare cancers. However, its efficacy and safety in Asian patients remain largely unknown. We conducted a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase IIa study of erdafitinib to evaluate its efficacy in Asian patients with FGFR-altered advanced cholangiocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and esophageal cancer.

Methods

Patients with pathologically/cytologically confirmed, advanced, or refractory tumors who met molecular and study eligibility criteria received oral erdafitinib 8 mg once daily with an option for pharmacodynamically guided up-titration to 9 mg on a 28-day cycle, except for four NSCLC patients who received erdafitinib 10 mg (7 days on/7 days off) as they were recruited before the protocol amendment. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate per RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, duration of response, disease control rate, overall survival, safety, and pharmacokinetics.

Results

Thirty-five patients (cholangiocarcinoma: 22; NSCLC: 12; esophageal cancer: 1) were enrolled. At data cutoff (November 19, 2021), the objective response rate for patients with cholangiocarcinoma was 40.9% (95% CI, 20.7–63.6); the median progression-free survival was 5.6 months (95% CI, 3.6–12.7) and median overall survival was 40.2 months (95% CI, 12.4–not estimable). No patient with RET/FGFR-altered NSCLC achieved objective response and the disease control rate was 25.0% (95% CI, 5.5–57.2%), with three patients with stable disease. The single patient with esophageal cancer achieved partial response. All patients experienced treatment-emergent adverse events, and grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 22 (62.9%) patients. Hyperphosphatemia was the most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse event (all-grade, 85.7%).

Conclusions

Erdafitinib demonstrated efficacy in a population of Asian patients in selected advanced solid tumors, particularly in those with advanced FGFR-altered cholangiocarcinoma. Treatment was tolerable with no new safety signals.

Trial registration

This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02699606); study registration (first posted): 04/03/2016.
Causes of pre and post-donation deferrals among blood donors, at Kwale Satellite Blood Transfusion Center, Kwale County, Kenya, 2018–2022
Authors: Nyamu Gibson Waweru , Shee Matano Ali , Kiende Polly , Muthiani Benson Muithya , Nakazea Rocky Jumapili , Mwasowa Narcis Mwakidedela , Odhiambo Frendrick , King’oo Jacintah Mueni , Wigina Ronald Nyarambe
Published: August 2024

Background

Both pre-donation and post-donation deferrals pose challenges to blood safety and availability. This study delved into the deferral rates before donations and their underlying reasons, as, transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) leading to post-donation deferrals among potential blood donors at the Kwale Satellite Blood Transfusion Centre (KSBTC) in Kenya.

Methods

We performed a retrospective electronic record review of pre- and post-donation deferrals among blood donors at KSBTC, 2018–2022. The pre-donations deferral rate and reasons for deferral were analyzed. Accepted donations were analyzed to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and syphilis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and both crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Variables withp < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

A review was conducted on 12,633 blood donation records. Among these, individuals 2,729/12,633 (21.60%) were deferred from donating with the primary reason being low hemoglobin levels, constituting 51.86% of deferrals. Around 773/9,904 (7.80%) of blood units, were discarded due to at least one TTI. Among these, HBV accounted for 4.73%, HIV for 2.01%, HCV for 1.21%, and Syphilis for 0.59% of cases. The adjusted odds ratio for male donors were, (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.01–1.57), donors with none or primary education level (aOR = 1.4 95% CI 1.11–1.68), first-timer donors (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.01–1.44), and static strategy for blood collection (aOR = 1.4, 95%CI 1.12–1.63) were independently potentially associated with testing positive for at least one TTI.

Conclusion

The study indicates that TTIs continue to pose a risk to the safety of Kenya’s bloodstock, with a notable prevalence of HBV infections. Male donors, individuals with limited education, first-time donors, and utilizing a fixed strategy for blood collection were identified as potential risk factors independently associated with TTIs.
Physical activity and sleep quality among pregnant women during the first and second trimesters are associated with mental health and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Song Bin , Wang Dan , Yan Xiaoli , Yan Ping , Liu Heying , Li Hongyu , Yi Shuhua
Published: August 2024

Background

Appropriate physical activity (PA) and good sleep are beneficial to maternal and fetal health. This paper sought to explore the associations of PA and sleep quality among healthy women at the first and second trimesters of pregnancy on mental health and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

Totally 268 healthy pregnant women were retrospectively analyzed as study subjects, 134 each in the first trimester (FT) and second trimester (ST). Their baseline clinical data were obtained respectively at two stages of pregnancy. The PA/sleep quality of subjects were assessed through the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire-Chinese version (PPAQ-C)/Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. The mental health was assessed via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The correlations of PA and sleep quality with mental health were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Pregnancy outcomes of all subjects, associations of moderate intensity (MI) PA and sleep quality with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and independent influencing factors for adverse outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Pregnant women in the ST group exhibited higher levels of MI, worse sleep quality, and lower levels of anxiety and depression than those in the FT group. Anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with MI but positively linked with PSQI scores at the first and second trimesters. MI ≥ 7.5 MET-h/week and good sleep quality were associated with a reduced incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion

MI ≥ 7.5 MET-h/week and good sleep quality at the first and second trimesters of pregnancy benefit mental health and markedly reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Person-centred care in the context of higher education – a discourse analysis based on interviews with programme directors
Authors: Jonnergård A , Björkman I , Forsgren E , Feldthusen C , Lundberg M , Wallengren C
Published: August 2024

Background

As person centred care (PCC) is being implemented globally, higher educational institutions (HEI) have begun to play a crucial part in enabling this transition. In Sweden, however, the delivery of PCC is inconsistently implemented in medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy study programmes. This inconsistency is partly the result of a lack of a national strategy across HEI. Program directors are responsible for the PCC content of their programs, so their views influence how PCC is taught. Using interviews with programme directors in higher education, we aim to deepen the understanding of the preconditions needed to implement PCC by exploring discourses and identifying subject positions of how PCC is taught and learned.

Methods

We performed a discourse analysis based on interviews with program directors in the above-mentioned national study programmes. A discourse can be seen as a struggle over identity. The subject position – i.e., discourses designate positions for persons to occupy as subjects – guided our analysis and identification of the subject positions of the teacher and the student in teaching and learning PCC.

Results

This study unfolded in two main antagonistic aspects with respect to teaching and learning PCC, resulting in four subject positions for the teacher and four corresponding subject positions for the students. First, the teacher and student were given a subject position as change agents towards a more egalitarian healthcare and were assigned a subject position to cope with a practical reality they could not change. Second, the teacher and student were assigned a subject position that embodied profession-specific identities, navigating and valuing these boundaries. Simultaneously, both teachers and students assumed a subject position that required interprofessional interaction and co-creation for teaching and learning PCC.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the discursive tension surrounding the implementation of PCC in HEI, and the findings can serve as a basis for creating future relevant and high-quality learning activities. The process of negotiating diverse and co-existing perspectives as well as building interprofessional trust when incorporating PCC into higher education is essential and requires further exploration.
Mediating effect of moral sensitivity and professional identity between moral courage and compassion fatigue among nursing interns: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yi Lijuan , Cai Jian , Shuai Ting , Jiménez-Herrera Maria F. , Gu Lei , Tian Xu
Published: August 2024

Background

Compassion fatigue in nursing interns contributes to career indecision and worsens the nursing shortage. While work environment and psychological factors are well-studied, the ethical dimension remains unexplored. Understanding these mechanisms, particularly the role of moral courage, is essential for designing interventions to combat compassion fatigue and address the workforce crisis. This study investigates the influence of moral courage on compassion fatigue among Chinese nursing interns, focusing on the mediating roles of moral sensitivity and professional identity.

Methods

A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. We used the convenience sampling method to recruit 467 nursing interns from four public junior colleges in Hunan Province, China in February, 2024. Data were collected using Compassion Fatigue Short Scale, Moral Courage Scale, Revised Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, and Professional Identity Scale. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 21.0.

Results

The modified model exhibited a good fit (χ2/df = 3.437, AGFI = 0.928, IFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.976, CFI = 0.984, NFI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.072). Moral sensitivity positively influenced both moral courage and professional identity, while professional identity negatively impacted compassion fatigue. Importantly, the effect of moral courage on compassion fatigue was entirely mediated by moral sensitivity and professional identity (β = -0.114, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

This study suggests that moral courage in nursing interns mitigates compassion fatigue through the combined mediating effects of moral sensitivity and professional identity. Ethics education programs fostering moral courage, moral sensitivity, and professional values in nursing students could be crucial in alleviating compassion fatigue.
Integrating point-of-care diabetes detection with lifestyle counselling in community settings: outcomes from Western Sydney, Australia
Authors: Serrano Jaybee , Meyerowitz-Katz Gideon , Dawson Janine , Ratnayake Aruni , Ravi Sumathy , Dick Helen , Bramwell Sian , Scott Mark , Jayaballa Rajini , Maberly Glen
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Early detection and prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications are global health priorities. Optimal outcomes depend on individual awareness and proactive self-management of health risks. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a community-based diabetes detection and intervention program in a high-risk area in western Sydney, Australia.

Research design and methods

We collaborated with the Workers Lifestyle Group, Tamil Association Arts and Culture Association, and the National Aboriginal and Islanders Day Observance Committee to implement our program. Participants underwent HbA1C testing via point-of-care blood spot testing. They received personalized feedback, education on diabetes management, and were offered opportunities to enrol in lifestyle modification programs. Participants identified with pre-diabetes (HbA1C 5.7–6.4%) or diabetes (HbA1C > 6.4%) were advised to consult their General Practitioners (GPs). A follow-up questionnaire was distributed 3–8 months post-intervention to evaluate the programs usefulness and relevance and lifestyle changes implemented by the participants.

Results

Over eight months, 510 individuals participated. Of these, 19% had an HbA1C > 6.4%, and 38% had levels between 5.7 and 6.4%. Among those with diabetes, HbA1C levels ranged as follows: 56% <7%; 20% 7-7.9%; 18% 8-8.9%; and 5% >9%. Post intervention survey indicated that the program was well-received, with 62.5% of responses reporting lifestyle changes and 36.3% seeking further advice from their local healthcare providers.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates a significant prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in the community, similar to findings from larger-scale hospital and general practice studies. Point-of-care testing combined with personalized education effectively motivated participants toward healthier lifestyle choices and medical consultations. The paper discusses the scalability of this approach for broader population.
Vitamin B12 status and the risk of developing sepsis in patients with bacterial infection: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Pregernig Andreas , Held Ulrike , Schläpfer Martin , Beck-Schimmer Beatrice
Published: August 2024

Background

Data have shown that vitamin B12 has immunomodulatory effects via different pathways, which could influence the pathophysiology of sepsis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether vitamin B12 levels, assessed by the measurement of holotranscobalamin (HTC), total vitamin B12 (B12), and methylmalonic acid (MMA, which accumulates in case of B12 deficiency), are associated with the development of sepsis in patients with onset of bacterial infection.

Methods

This was a single-center, prospective observational pilot study. Adult patients who presented to the emergency department with bacterial infection confirmed by a positive microbiological culture result were included in the study and followed up for 6 days to assess whether they developed sepsis or not. The primary objective was to compare HTC concentration in patients who developed sepsis to those who did not develop sepsis. Secondary objectives were the evaluation of B12 and MMA concentrations in those two groups. Multiple logistic regression models were used, with presence of sepsis as the outcome variable, and HTC, B12, and MMA concentrations as predictor variables, separately, and adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

From 2019 to 2022, 2131 patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 100 met the inclusion criteria. One patient was excluded from the analysis due to missing data. Of the 99 patients, 29 developed sepsis. There was no evidence for an association between HTC or B12 concentration and the development of sepsis (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.31–1.29, p = 0.232, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.44–1.54, p = 0.584, respectively). There was an association between MMA concentration and the development of sepsis, with a positive effect, i.e. with increasing MMA, the odds for sepsis increased (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.21–4.87, p = 0.014). This association remained significant when adjusted for confounders (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.23–6.60, p = 0.018).

Conclusions

Our study found an association between elevated MMA concentration and the development of sepsis. We did not find an association between HTC and B12 concentrations and the development of sepsis. Further, larger studies are warranted, as it could lead to interventional trials investigating whether B12 supplementation provides a clinical benefit to patients with infection or sepsis.

Trial registration

The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT04008446 on June 17, 2019.
A standard set of outcome measures for the comprehensive assessment of oral health and occlusion in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Blokland L. , Arponen H. , Ahmad A. , Colijn S. , Gjørup H. , John R. , Li M. , Mekking D. , Parekh S. , Retrouvey J. M. , Stutz Steiger T. , Zhou L. , Andersson K.
Published: August 2024

Background

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of inherited connective tissue disorders of varying severity characterized by bone fragility. The primary objective of this international multidisciplinary collaboration initiative was to reach a consensus for a standardized set of clinician and patient-reported outcome measures, as well as associated measuring instruments for dental care of individuals with OI, based on the aspects considered important by both experts and patients. This project is a subsequent to the Key4OI project initiated by the Care4BrittleBones foundation which aims to develop a standard set of outcome measures covering a large domain of factors affecting quality of life for people with OI. An international team of experts comprising orthodontists, pediatric dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and prosthetic dentists used a modified Delphi consensus process to select clinician-reported outcome measures (CROMs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate oral health in individuals with OI. Important domains were identified through a literature review and by professional expertise (both CROMs and PROMs). In three focus groups of individuals with OI, important and relevant issues regarding dental health were identified. The input from the focus groups was used as the basis for the final set of outcome measures: the selected issues were attributed to relevant CROMs and, when appropriate, matched with validated questionnaires to establish the final PROMs which represented best the specific oral health-related concerns of individuals with OI.

Results

Consensus was reached on selected CROMs and PROMs for a standard set of outcome measures and measuring instruments of oral health in individuals with OI.

Conclusions

Our project resulted in consensus statements for standardization oral health PROMs and CROMs in individuals with OI. This outcome set can improve the standard of care by incorporating recommendations of professionals involved in dental care of individuals with OI. Further, it can facilitate research and international research co-operation. In addition, the significant contribution of the focus groups highlights the relevance of dental and oral health-related problems of individuals with OI.
Children and adolescents at risk for seclusion and restraint in inpatient psychiatric treatment: a case control study
Authors: Czernin Klara , Bründlmayer Anselm , Oster Anna , Baumgartner Josef S. , Plener Paul L.
Published: August 2024

To reduce coercion in acute inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric units, a better understanding of individuals at risk for seclusion and/or restraint (S/R) is needed. We report data on the proportion of patients secluded/restrained and factors associated with higher risk of S/R. Identifying preventative mechanisms through risk stratification upon inpatient admission can aid the training of mental health professionals, and support shaping specific workflows for at-risk populations for example by joint crisis plans or post-coercion review sessions. Methods: A case-control study included all admissions (n = 782) to a department of child and adolescent psychiatry within 36 months between 2019 and 2022. Data on age, sex, out of home care, primary and comorbid ICD-10 diagnoses, length of stay, prior/multiple admissions were compared between admissions with and without S/R using chi square tests for categorical and t-tests for continuous variables. Uni- and multivariate binary logistic regression models were computed. Results: The overall proportion of S/R was 12.8% (n = 100). Females (p = 0.001), patients in out of home care (p < 0.001), with prior admission (p < 0.001), Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; p < 0.001) and Borderline personality disorder (BPD; p < 0.001) were at a significantly higher risk of S/R. Length of stay in days (OR 1.01), out of home care (OR 3.85), PTSD (OR 6.20), BPD (OR 15.17), Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/conduct disorder (OR 4.29), and manic episode/bipolar disorder (OR 36.41) were significantly associated with S/R in multivariate regression. Conclusions: Child and adolescent psychiatric staff should consider risk factors when using coercive measures. Patients with PTSD and/or BPD are the most vulnerable subgroups. Training of professionals and clinical practice need to be adapted in order to prevent the use of S/R and its potential hazards.
The independent association between 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency, HOMA-IR, and lipid profile with APOE genotyping in obese cases with and without T2DM
Authors: Usama Nagla , El-Sayed Amr , Gamal Mohamed , Mekheimer Salma , Elhadidy Khaled , Awadein Mohamed , Farid Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and APOE genotyping are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We wanted to find out if there was a link between a lack of 25(OH) vitamin D, HOMA-IR, and lipids and APOE genotyping in obese people with and without T2DM.

Methods

We divided 300 Egyptians of both sexes into three groups in a case-control study: 100 obese cases with a body mass index of more than 30, 100 obese cases diagnosed with T2DM, and 100 controls with a body mass index of less than 30. Levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D, fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and lipid profile parameters were measured, and APOE genotypes were assessed using Applied BiosystemsTM TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays.

Results

Higher levels of FBS, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and dyslipidemia were found in obese people with and without T2DM compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Lower levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were also found. Insulin resistance and lipid profile parameters, particularly in obese cases with T2DM, inversely correlate with vitamin D deficiency. The APOE genotyping analysis revealed strong links between vitamin D levels and certain APOE genotypes. Independent of metabolic parameters, higher vitamin D levels were associated with lower odds of E3/E4 and E4/E4 genotypes among obese cases with T2DM.

Conclusion

This study highlights the independent role of vitamin D deficiency in modulating APOE genotypes in obese T2DM individuals. The findings suggest potential implications for personalized interventions targeting vitamin D status to mitigate genetic predispositions to metabolic disorders such as obesity and T2DM.