bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the gaps: A scoping review of burn injury research in skin of colour
Authors: Nguyen Antoinette , Duckworth Emily , Abu‐Romman Anmar , Melnick Bradley , Coles Brigid , Galiano Robert D.
Published: January 2025

Burn injury management and outcomes reveal observed disparities in individuals with darker skin tones, likely influenced by limited representation in medical literature and clinical research. These gaps may contribute to variations in care quality and outcomes for these populations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, initially yielding 74 articles. Due to limited relevant studies directly addressing the research question, the approach shifted from a systematic review to a scoping review to allow for a broader exploration of potential disparities in burn injury outcomes. Following these criteria, 31 relevant articles were identified and analysed. The analysis suggests an underrepresentation of diverse skin tones in medical textbooks and clinical research, limitations in current burn assessment tools for darker skin, and a lack of tailored treatment protocols. Studies indicate that patients with darker skin tones may face higher risks of complications and varied outcomes, potentially influenced by systemic healthcare challenges and limited guidelines addressing diverse skin types. This scoping review highlights the importance of more inclusive research and clinical practices that consider the specific needs of individuals with darker skin tones. Addressing these observed gaps can support improvements in burn injury management, ultimately contributing to more equitable healthcare for all skin types.
Experimental Validation of a Predictive Control Co-Design Algorithm
Authors: Nash Austin L.
Published: January 2025

Control co-design (CCD) represents a promising solution for coordinating the physical design and control of dynamic engineering systems as technological demands become more stringent. Predictive control co-design (pCCD), recently introduced to the CCD literature, optimizes combinations of feedforward and feedback static gain sets at the system design stage to combine the robustness and preview control afforded using state-of-the-art control methods, like model predictive control (MPC), in CCD with the computational efficiency of open-loop CCD methods that solve CCD problems with a single optimization level. This work contributes the first experimental validation of pCCD to the literature. First, pCCD is performed offline on a spring-mass-damper system. The co-designed system’s optimal response is then experimentally validated online. Results are compared to an analogous system co-designed with an open-loop CCD method. The experimental system co-designed using pCCD yielded a sum squared error with respect to a desired reference signal 40 times smaller than the system co-designed using open-loop CCD. The results indicate that pCCD yields co-designed systems with superior online robustness in comparison to open-loop CCD methods. Moreover, systems co-designed using pCCD are more robust to both modeling error and unexpected disturbance inputs or changes in desired reference signals encountered online.
Precision Quaternion Estimation With Partially Norm-Constrained Unscented Kalman Filtering
Authors: Mozaffari Hamed , Dabiri Arman
Published: January 2025

Accurate orientation estimation is a key challenge in dynamics and control, particularly for rigid body motion. Quaternions are commonly used to represent rotations due to their computational efficiency, but they must always maintain a unit norm to function correctly. If this constraint is not enforced properly, it can lead to significant errors in orientation estimation. This article proposes an unscented Kalman filter that ensures the quaternion parameters, a subvector within the state vector, adhere to the unit norm constraint. The proposed method provides a closed-form solution without dividing the state vector into constrained and unconstrained vectors. In simulation studies under high-noise conditions, the filter demonstrates significantly improved performance compared to standard unscented and pseudo-unscented Kalman filters, enhancing accuracy during both transient and steady-state phases. These results highlight the importance of enforcing quaternion constraints to reduce mean square error and improve convergence.
Hydro Power Generation in India – Status and Challenges
Authors: Thareja Dharam Vir , Bawa Jaideep Singh
Published: January 2025

Power generation in India has come a long way from just about 1. 3 GW at the time of independence in 1947 to more than 416 GW as on the end of financial year 2022-23 (April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023), reflecting an increase of more than 300 times. As a part of this generation, the hydro-power during this period of more than 75 years has increased almost 100 times from less than 0.5 GW to about 52 GW.

The annual electricity generation in India has increased from just about 805 BU during the year 2009-10 to more than 1624 MU during the year 2022-23 (Figure 3.1) and it has been estimated to touch about 2280 BU by the year 2029-30, as per the projections of 20th Electric Power Survey (EPS) of India conducted by Central Electricity Authority (CEA). The peak power demand of India is also growing which touched around 216 GW during the year 2022-23 and is projected to increase to about 334 GW by the year 2029-30.
Hydropower: Developed Nations
Authors: Rao K. R.
Published: January 2025

Normally the items addressed sequentially are (a) Climate & Population; (b) Hydraulic Electricity & Power Resources - Rivers & Dams; (c) Hydraulic Engineering and Electricity - Problems and Prospects; (d) Hydraulic Power Quality and Delivery System; (e) Hydraulic Electricity Distribution; (f) Hydraulic Power Modernization and Development; and finally (g) Sustainable Hydropower Projections. Since several of these items have been covered in previous chapters, only pertinent topics are dealt with in accordance to their importance.
New species and records of feather mites (Acariformes: Analgoidea) from endemic passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in the Seychelles
Authors: Mironov Sergey V. , Heleno Ruben H.
Published: January 2025

Eight feather mite species were collected from five endemic passerine species in Fregate Island, Seychelles. Of them, two species are recorded in the Seychelles for the first time, and five species are described as new for science: Bicentralges zosteropis sp. n. (Trouessartiidae) from the Seychelles white-eye Zosterops modestus (type host) (Zosteropidae) and the Seychelles fody Foudia sechellarum (Ploceidae); Hadrophyllodes seychellensis sp. n. (Proctophyllodidae) from the Seychelles sunbird Cinnyris dussumieri (Nectariniidae); Montesauria sechellarum sp. n. (Proctophyllodidae) from the Seychelles magpie-robin Copsychus sechellarum; M. foudiae sp. n. (Proctophyllodidae) from F. sechellarum; and Mouchetia sechellarum sp. n. (Pteronyssidae) from F. sechellarum. Brief taxonomic comments are provided on corresponding feather mite genera and host-associations of recorded mite species.
Outdoor Overground Gait Biomechanics and Energetics in Individuals With Transtibial Amputation Walking With a Prescribed Passive Prosthesis and a Bionic Myoelectric Prosthesis
Authors: Stafford Nicole , Gonzalez Eddie B. , Ferris Daniel
Published: January 2025

The metabolic cost of walking for individuals with transtibial amputation is generally greater compared with able-bodied individuals. One aim of powered prostheses is to reduce metabolic deficits by replicating biological ankle function. Individuals with transtibial amputation can activate their residual limb muscles to volitionally control bionic ankle prostheses for walking; however, it is unknown how myoelectric control performs outside the laboratory. We recruited 6 individuals with transtibial amputation to walk an outdoor course with the Open Source Leg prosthesis under continuous proportional myoelectric control and compared it with their passive device. There were no significant differences (P = .142) in cost of transport between prostheses. Participants significantly increased residual limb vastus lateralis (P = .042) and rectus femoris (P = .029) muscle activity during early and midstance phase of walking with the powered prosthesis compared with their passive device. All but one participant preferred walking with myoelectric control compared with their passive prosthesis. The additional mass of the powered ankle prosthesis coupled with increased residual quadriceps activity could explain why the energy cost of walking was not lower compared with a passive prosthesis. This study demonstrates participants can volitionally control a bionic ankle prosthesis to navigate real-world environments.
Global Matrix 4.0 on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents: Project Evolution, Process Evaluation, and Future Recommendations
Authors: Demchenko Iryna , Aubert Salomé , Tremblay Mark S.
Published: January 2025

Background: The Global Matrix initiative provides unique insights into child and adolescent physical activity (PA) worldwide, yet requires substantial human efforts and financial support. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the process and outcomes of the latest edition of the initiative, the Global Matrix 4.0, reflect on its evolution from earlier editions, and provide recommendations for future Global Matrices. Methods: The evaluation followed a predetermined plan, which included collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data from 3 online surveys to participants and online user activity metrics from MailChimp reports and Google Analytics. Results: Global Matrix 4.0 participants (57 teams, 682 experts) assessed the PA status in their country/jurisdiction on at least 10 PA indicators and submitted 570 grades for global comparisons. Surveys were completed by 97% to 100% of targeted respondents and demonstrated predominantly high satisfaction rates (>80%) with participation, outputs, and project management. Lack of funding and inadequate national PA data availability were the commonly reported concerns. Suggestions for improvement included amending indicators’ benchmarks and expanding the scope of the initiative to early years, underrepresented populations, and additional indicators. Conclusions: This evaluation process revealed the positive experience of Global Matrix 4.0 participants and the successful delivery of expected outcomes. Reviewing the core set of indicators and benchmarks, expanding the initiative’s scope, and fundraising efforts are recommended to further optimize the use of resources and maximize impact.
Faculty perceptions of a professional development program for developing CUREs and promoting inclusive and equitable teaching
Authors: Gough Laura , Miranda Rommel , Hemm Matthew , Norman Leann , Jara Brian
Published: January 2025

The Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) model can be used to explore how faculty prioritize learning about and adopting new pedagogical approaches. Here, we use the DOI framework to contextualize biology faculty perceptions of a professional development (PD) program designed to help them create a full semester course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) class at a large, public comprehensive university. PD sessions included exploring self-reflexive identity while fostering inclusive classroom spaces through understanding and interrupting implicit bias and microaggressions. This qualitative study sought to determine 11 biology faculty members’ beliefs about the influence of their year-long PD on their CURE development and teaching practices. Findings suggest that faculty were motivated to teach CUREs for a variety of reasons. A common incentive was integrating research into a CURE to bring their passion into their classroom and to engage more students in research. This may be particularly important at institutions where faculty have a heavy teaching load. Faculty also reported modifying their teaching in their CUREs and other courses to be more inclusive and equitable. The importance of peer interactions in the PD was emphasized repeatedly as faculty learned from experts, the literature, and faculty who had already developed a CURE. Our results illustrate that a community of practice structure can enhance the learning aspect of the community, helping faculty consider their implementation of inclusive, equitable, and high-impact practices as an ongoing educational process for themselves and emphasizing the importance of reflection and iteration in a DOI framework.
Microtubule acetylation is not required for HIV-1 infection or TRIM69-mediated restriction of HIV-1 infection
Authors: Lichon Drew M. , LoMascolo Natalie J. , Mounce Bryan C. , Campbell Edward M.
Published: January 2025

Microtubule acetylation, a post-translational modification catalyzing the addition of acetyl groups to lysine residues on alpha tubulin, confers mechanical resilience to microtubules and influences intracellular cargo transport. Despite its known cellular functions, its role in viral infections remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to determine the role of microtubule acetylation in both HIV-1 infection and TRIM69-mediated restriction. To this end, we generated CRIPSR/Cas9 vectors to disrupt alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase (αTAT1), the main enzyme responsible for microtubule acetylation. We assessed the role of acetylation in HIV-1 infectivity and the degree to which TRIM69 relies on microtubule acetylation for its ability to restrict HIV-1. We determined that microtubule acetylation is not required for HIV-1 infection and that preventing microtubule acetylation actually leads to a modest increase in HIV-1 infection. We also determined that TRIM69 can restrict a diverse range of viruses and that its restriction of HIV-1 does not rely on microtubule acetylation.

IMPORTANCE

Although microtubule acetylation is a well-studied post-translational modification in the context of cellular processes, its role during viral infections remains underexplored. Existing studies often rely on various protein and drug perturbations to indirectly examine microtubule acetylation. In this study, we directly target the enzyme responsible for microtubule acetylation to delineate its role in both HIV-1 infection and TRIM69-mediated restriction.
CD93 blockade promotes effector T-cell infiltration and facilitates adoptive cell therapy in solid tumors
Authors: Sun Yi , Yee Elliott , Fujiwara Yuki , Dickinson Kaitlyn , Guo Yujie , Sun Zhiwei , Hu Junyi , Davila Eduardo , Schulick Richard D , Zhu Yuwen
Published: January 2025

Background

Adaptive cellular therapy (ACT), particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, has been successful in the treatment of hemopoietic malignancies. However, poor trafficking of administered effector T cells to the tumor poses a great hurdle for this otherwise powerful therapeutic approach in solid cancers. Our previous study revealed that targeting CD93 normalizes tumor vascular functions to improve immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether CD93 blockade improves ACT in solid cancers.

Methods

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD93 or IGFBP7 were administered in implanted mouse melanoma models to assess the effect of CD93 blockade on ACT. Different sources of effector T cells were used, including pre-activated CD8+OT-1, pmel-1 transgenic T cells, and CAR-T cells. Rip-OVA and Rip-TAG-OVA transgenic mice were used to evaluate the selective impact of CD93 blockade on effector T-cell infiltration in tumors. For mechanistic studies, vascular maturation was determined by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry was performed to examine tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Neutralizing mAbs against adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1 were infused to assess their involvement.

Results

Blockade of the CD93 pathway increases the expression of adhesion molecules on tumor vasculature to improve effector T-cell infiltration and function. T-cell transfer and CD93 blockade synergistically improve tumor vascular maturation, as well as inhibit tumor progression. Anti-CD93 selectively promotes effector T-cell infiltration in a tumorous setting where the CD93 pathway is upregulated. In a solid mouse tumor model, blockade of the CD93 pathway improves CAR-T therapy.

Conclusions

CD93 blockade normalizes tumor vasculature leading to improved effector T-cell infiltration and function in solid cancers. Our study advocates the application of CD93 blockade for ACT in solid cancers.
Self-organizing map modelling and prospectivity mapping of surface geochemical data in Au and multi-metal mineral exploration: example from northern Finland
Authors: Raatikainen Markus , Sarala Pertti , Ranta Jukka-Pekka
Published: January 2025

Regional till and weathered bedrock geochemical datasets provide a basis for data analysis and modelling in glaciated terrains. These large-scale surface geochemical datasets have great potential in mineral exploration, especially when machine learning and clustering methods are used to reduce the dimensionality of multivariate datasets. Here, self-organizing maps (SOMs) followed by k-means clustering were used to create SOMs of the target areas for initial modelling and prospectivity mapping of gold (Au) prospecting in central Lapland, northern Finland. Because the till and weathered bedrock datasets are legacy data, an effort was made to level the data between the map sheets. The targeting till geochemical dataset did not contain the typical indicator elements for Au. Instead, elements associated with the Au deposits, within the study area, were used. Indicator associations in this study were Ni–Co with possible Cu. Resulting elemental clusters from the SOMs were assigned as interesting clusters according to their distribution of elements. For the till, two potential clusters were identified: Ni–Co–Cr and Cu–V–Co. For the weathered bedrock, three clusters were specified: Ni–Co–Cr, V–Cu and Cu–Co. This study shows the potential of using legacy datasets for early targeting stages of mineral exploration, potentially reducing the footprint of mineral exploration.
The Svanbergfjellet Formation: eukaryotic life in a Tonian Sea
Authors: Mughal Sanaa , Millikin Alexie E. G. , Zhang Tianran , Gibson Timothy M. , Rooney Alan D. , Tosca Nicholas J. , Bergmann Kristin D. , Strauss Justin V. , Anderson Ross P.
Published: January 2025

Exceptionally preserved organic-walled microfossils of the Svanbergfjellet Formation, Svalbard document the diversity of eukaryotes in a Tonian (1000–720 myr ago) shallow sea. We review this fossil Lagerstätte and re-sample it at the highest stratigraphic resolution to date. We place the Lagerstätte in an updated age model and evaluate fossil taphonomy. The Svanbergfjellet Formation is one of the most biodiverse units in the Tonian,
c
. 50% more diverse than the average fossiliferous Tonian unit. It notably preserves the green alga
Proterocladus
and the possible green alga
Palaeastrum
. These multicellular fossils, when combined with others elsewhere, suggest that green algae were well established in Tonian marine ecosystems, but substantially predate organic biomarkers that record a dominant green algal contribution to marine primary productivity only by the Ediacaran. Svanbergfjellet also includes several problematic taxa with complex multicellular morphologies (e.g.
Jacutinema
and
Valkyria
) that require further investigation into their phylogenetic placement, but that could substantially add to the known diversity of crown eukaryotes in the Proterozoic.
Ethereum Proof-of-Stake and the Probabilistic Bouncing Attack
Authors: Pavloff Ulysse , Amoussou-Guenou Yackolley , Tucci-Piergiovanni Sara
Published: January 2025

Ethereum has undergone a recent change called
the Merge
, which made Ethereum a Proof-of-Stake blockchain shifting closer to BFT consensus. Ethereum, which wishes to keep the best of the two protocol designs (BFT and Nakomoto-style), now has a convoluted consensus protocol as its core. The result is a blockchain possibly being produced in a tree-like form while participants try to finalize blocks. We categorize different attacks jeopardizing the liveness of the protocol. The Ethereum community has responded by creating patches against some of them. We discovered a new attack on the patched protocol. To support our analysis, we propose a new high-level formalization of the properties of liveness and availability of the Ethereum blockchain, and we provide pseudo-code. We believe this formalization to be useful for other analyses as well. Our results yield that the Ethereum Proof-of-Stake has safety but only probabilistic liveness. The probability of the liveness is influenced by the parameter describing the time frame allowed for validators to change their mind about the current main chain.
Unsupervised Framing Analysis for Social Media Discourse in Polarizing Events
Authors: Sarmiento Hernan , Córdova Ricardo , Ortiz Jorge , Bravo-Marquez Felipe , Santos Marcelo , Valenzuela Sebastián
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the concept of
frames
in the realm of online polarization, with a focus on social media platforms. The research extends the understanding of how frames—emerging, complex, and often subtle concepts—become prominent in online conversations that are polarized. The study proposes a comprehensive methodology for identifying and characterizing these frames, integrating machine learning techniques, network analysis algorithms, and natural language processing tools. This method aims for generalizability across multiple platforms and types of user engagement. Two novel metrics,
homogeneity
and
relevancy
are introduced for the rigorous evaluation of identified frame candidates.

Grounded in several foundational presumptions, including the role of topics and multi-word expressions in framing, the study sheds light on how frames emerge and gain significance within digital communities. The research questions explored include the methods for identifying frames, the variability and significance of these frames, and the effectiveness of different computational techniques in this context.

To validate the approach, we present a case study of the 2021 Chilean presidential election, using data from both Twitter and WhatsApp platforms. This real-world application allows for the examination of how frames fluctuate in response to events and the specific mechanisms of platforms. Overall, the study makes several key contributions to the field, offering new insights and methodologies for analyzing the complexities of online polarization. It serves as groundwork for future research on the dynamics of online communities, especially those associated with distinctly polarized events.
DriveDiTFit: Fine-tuning Diffusion Transformers for Autonomous Driving Data Generation
Authors: Tu Jiahang , Ji Wei , Zhao Hanbin , Zhang Chao , Zimmermann Roger , Qian Hui
Published: January 2025

In autonomous driving, deep models have shown remarkable performance across various visual perception tasks with the demand of high-quality and huge-diversity training datasets. Such datasets are expected to cover various driving scenarios with adverse weather, lighting conditions, and diverse moving objects. However, manually collecting these data presents huge challenges and is expensive. With the rapid development of large generative models, we propose DriveDiTFit, a novel method for efficiently generating autonomous
Driv
ing data by
Fi
ne-
t
uning pre-trained
Di
ffusion
T
ransformers (DiTs). Specifically, DriveDiTFit utilizes a gap-driven modulation technique to carefully select and efficiently fine-tune a few parameters in DiTs according to the discrepancy between the pre-trained source data and the target driving data. Additionally, DriveDiTFit develops an effective weather and lighting condition embedding module to ensure diversity in the generated data, which is initialized by a nearest-semantic-similarity initialization approach. Through progressive tuning scheme to refine the process of detail generation in early diffusion process and enlarging the weights corresponding to small objects in training loss, DriveDiTFit ensures high-quality generation of small moving objects in the generated data. Extensive experiments conducted on driving datasets confirm that our method could efficiently produce diverse real driving data.
You Don’t Have to Say Where to Edit! jLED – Joint Learning to Localize and Edit Source Code
Authors: Pian Weiguo , Li Yinghua , Tian Haoye , Sun Tiezhu , Song Yewei , Tang Xunzhu , Habib Andrew , Klein Jacques , Bissyandé Tegawendé F.
Published: January 2025

Learning to edit code automatically is becoming more and more feasible. Thanks to recent advances in Neural Machine Translation (NMT), various case studies are being investigated where patches are automatically produced and assessed either automatically (using test suites) or by developers themselves. An appealing setting remains when the developer must provide a natural language input of the requirement for the code change. A recent proof of concept in the literature showed that it is indeed feasible to translate these natural language requirements into code changes. A recent advancement, MODIT [8], has shown promising results in code editing by leveraging natural language, code context, and location information as input. However, it struggles when location information is unavailable. While several studies [29, 81] have demonstrated the ability to edit source code without explicitly specifying the edit location, they still tend to generate edits with less accuracy at the line level. In this work, we address the challenge of generating code edits without precise location information, a scenario we consider crucial for the practical adoption of NMT in code development. To that end, we develop a novel joint training approach for both localization and source code editions. Building a benchmark based on over 70k commits (patches and messages), we demonstrate that our jLED (
j
oint
L
ocalize and
ED
it) approach is effective. An ablation study further demonstrates the importance of our design choice in joint training.
Neurons as Immunomodulators: From Rapid Neural Activity to Prolonged Regulation of Cytokines and Microglia
Authors: Wood Levi B. , Singer Annabelle C.
Published: January 2025

Regulation of the brain's neuroimmune system is central to development, normal function, and disease. Neuronal communication to microglia, the primary immune cells of the brain, is well known to involve purinergic signaling mediated via ATP secretion and the cytokine fractalkine. Recent evidence shows that neurons release multiple cytokines beyond fractalkine, yet these are less studied and poorly understood. In contrast to ATP, cytokines are a class of signaling molecule that are much larger, with longer signaling and farther diffusion. We posit that neuron-expressed cytokines are an essential mechanism of neuron–microglia communication that arises as part of both normal learning and memory and in response to tissue pathology. Thus, neurons are underappreciated immunomodulatory cells that express diverse immunomodulatory signals. While neuronally sourced cytokines have been understudied, new technical advances make this a timely topic. The goal of this review is to define what is known about the cytokines expressed from neurons, how they are regulated, and the effects of these cytokines on microglia. We delineate key knowledge gaps and needs for new tools to define and analyze neuronal roles in immunomodulation. Given that cytokines are central regulators of microglial function, a broad new body of work is required to illuminate functional links between these neuronally expressed cytokines and sustained and transient microglial function.
Lacto-Fermented Fruits and Vegetables: Bioactive Components and Effects on Human Health
Authors: Wei Lei , Van Beeck Wannes , Hanlon Melanie , DiCaprio Erin , Marco Maria L.
Published: January 2025

Lacto-fermented fruits and vegetables (FVs) such as kimchi, sauerkraut, and fermented olives and nonalcoholic juices have a long history as dietary staples. Herein, the production steps and microbial ecology of lacto-fermented FVs are discussed alongside findings from human and laboratory studies investigating the health benefits of these foods. Lacto-fermented FVs are enriched in bioactive compounds, including lactic and acetic acids, phenolic compounds, amino acid derivatives such as indole-3-lactic acid, phenyl-lactic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, and bacteriocins, and beneficial live microbes. At least 11 human studies have been performed on kimchi, whereas others have been investigated in only one or two trials. Besides exploring the health benefits, it is imperative to ensure that these foods made either commercially or at home have minimal risk for foodborne illness and exposure to undesired compounds like biogenic amines. Development of starter-culture strains and production protocols can lead to lacto-fermented FVs designed for specific health benefits.
Optical Fiber Mediated Biosensors for Multiplex and Onsite Food Safety Analysis: A Review
Authors: Hameed Sara , Naz Iram , Badea Mihaela , Bano Nargis , Andreescu Silvana , hayat akhtar , Jubeen Farhat
Published: January 2025

The presence of unsafe levels of chemical compounds, toxins, and pathogens in food poses a serious threat to public health, especially in economically disadvantaged countries. Current detection methods are costly, require centralized labs, skilled personnel, and specialized equipment, hindering large-scale testing. Here we provide a comprehensive review of optical fiber (OF)-based biosensors for multiplex detection of analytes in food. It covers fiber modification strategies to enhance multiplexing capacity by incorporating multiple independent detection regions. The review classifies OF multiplexing detection principles into label and label-free approaches for antibody and aptamer-based biosensing, comparing their characteristics and applications in food matrices. Despite challenges like multiplexing capacity and complex instrumentation, the review outlines promising prospects for achieving portable, rapid, accurate, and intelligent multiplexing for food safety.
Illness Perceptions, knowledge, and Quality of Life in Lichen Planopilaris patients
Authors: Tahvildari Azin , Borran Sarina , Razzaghi Zahra , Dadkhahfar Sahar
Published: January 2025

Introduction Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is an inflammatory disease, leading to permanent hair loss, which significantly affects the psychosocial and self-image of patients with this condition; however, the impact of this condition on patients’ quality of life (QoL), their perception of disease, and their knowledge have rarely been studied. This study aimed to investigate patients' knowledge and perspective on their disease and its association with their QoL and the extent of skin involvement. Methods Patients with confirmed LPP from 2022 to 2023 completed a questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, the Illness Perception Questionnaire, disease and therapy knowledge, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Additionally, a dermatologist examined the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index (LPPAI). Results This study enrolled 42 LPP patients, with 81% being female and 73.8% under 60 years old. The LPPAI did not correlate with knowledge (r =0.04, p = 0.783), illness perception (r = 0.097, p = 0.543), or QoL scores (r = 0.119, p = 0.452). However, QoL was positively linked to knowledge (r = 0.382, p = 0.013) and illness perception scores (r = 0.398, p = 0.009). Patients with a longer disease duration had higher knowledge scores (r = 0.400, p = 0.009). Conclusion Dermatologists should educate patients about their condition and understand their perceptions to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.
Subungual eccrine poroma: an unusual location
Authors: Gupta Pratibha , Kavitha Athota , Grover Chander
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Eccrine poroma is a rare benign adnexal tumor that originates from the acrosyringium of eccrine sweat ducts, typically found on palms and soles. Its occurrence in subungual location is rare, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. We present the details of subungual eccrine poroma, emphasizing its unusual presentation, dermoscopic features and management.
Case Presentation: A 36-year-old female presented with a slowly-growing, asymptomatic, reddish subungual mass under the left index finger nail for past 5 years. Onychoscopy showed a reddish-pink homogenous area with keratotic borders, reddish globules and dotted vessels. An excisional biopsy was done and a final diagnosis of eccrine poroma was made on histopathology, with no recurrence over 6 months of follow-up.
Conclusion: Given the rarity of subungual involvement, our case highlights the importance of considering eccrine poroma in the differential diagnosis of subungual tumors. Onychoscopy can aid in diagnosis and differentiation from other subungual masses; though a definitive diagnosis requires histopathology.
Pensamento social e político brasileiro pós-1964: atores coletivos, instituições e mudança social
Authors: Englander Alexander Couto , Ricupero Bernardo , Helayel Karim , Belinelli Leonardo
Published: January 2025

This dossier aims to investigate the impacts of the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985) on Brazilian social and political thought. Through plural themes and perspectives, we encompass both the possibility of a dense and renewed discussion about our modernization's conservative style, as well as debates on collective actions and cultural transformations that contest its effects.
Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva Krauss (in Lampert, 1885) (Holothuroidea: Holothuriida: Holothuriidae), new addition to the holothuroid fauna of Pakistan
Authors: AHMED QURATULAN , ALI QADEER MOHAMMAD , SHAIKH IQRA , THANDAR AHMED
Published: January 2025

This paper provides the first record of Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva Krauss (in Lamper, 1885) from the intertidal zone in Balochistan, Pakistan, on the northern shores of the Arabian Sea. We present a comprehensive description of this known species, illustrating its gross morphological characters and recording its habitat and expanding its known distribution now covering the western coastline of Pakistan its known distribution now covering also the western coastline of Pakistan. Identified specimens are deposited in the Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi (Cat. no. MRC&RC-UOK-Holo 27).
Submarine cave sponges of the genus Rhabderemia (Demospongiae, Biemnida, Rhabderemiidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan: rediscovery of R. forcipula and description of a new species
Authors: ISE YUJI , TAJIRI RIE , MIZUYAMA MASARU , FUJITA YOSHIHISA
Published: January 2025

Two species of Rhabderemia, R. ginamaensis sp. nov. and R. forcipula (Lévi & Lévi, 1989), are reported from submarine anchialine caves of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Rhabderemia ginamaensis sp. nov., collected from the submarine cave of Ginama, Okinawa Island, differs from other congeners by its thinly encrusting morphology and the presence of microxea. Rhabderemia forcipula (Lévi & Lévi, 1989), once collected from the mesophotic zone of the Philippine Sea, was rediscovered for the first time since its original description in the dark nearshore submarine cave of Shimoji Island, Miyako Island Group. The species is characterized by a plumo-reticulate skeleton and spiculation: rhabdostyles, rugose microstyles, and sigmoid microscleres in two size classes, the larger ones being spirosigma and thraustosigma. A redescription of the type specimen and a detailed description of the newly collected specimens are provided to understand the morphological variation of the spicules, and to confirm the conspecificity of the type specimen and the submarine cave specimens. The two species, R. ginamaensis sp. nov. and R. forcipula are a new record of Rhabderemia and the family Rhabderemiidae from Japan, and the first report of Rhabderemia from submarine anchialine caves in the Indo-West Pacific. In addition, R. forcipula is the first species of the genus to be found from both a submarine cave and a mesophotic zone in the Indo-West Pacific.
Description of a new subspecies of Pseudostrangalia cruentata (Haldeman, 1847) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lepturinae) from the United States of America
Authors: HEFFERN DANIEL , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: January 2025

A new subspecies of Pseudostrangalia cruentata (Haldeman, 1847) is described from the state of Texas, United States of America. Some biological information about the new subspecies is provided.
Storylines of Unprecedented Extremes in the Southeast United States
Authors: Masukwedza Gibbon Innocent Tirivanhu , Clark Jenna , Jaffe Amy , Jeffries Ivy , Tietjen Bethany , de Perez Erin Coughlan
Published: January 2025

Disaster planning based on historical events is like driving forward while only looking in the rear-view mirror. To expand our field of view, we use a large ensemble of weather simulations to characterise the current risk of extreme weather events in case study locations in the Southeastern United States. We find that extreme temperature events have become more frequent between 1981 and 2021, and heavy precipitation events are also more frequent in the wettest months. Combining a historical analysis of people’s recent experience with the rate of change of extreme events, we define four quadrants that apply to groups of case studies: Sitting Ducks”, “Recent Rarity”, “Living Memory”, and “Fading Memory”. A critical storyline is that of the “Sitting ducks”: locations where we find a high rate of increase in extreme events and where the most extreme event in recent memory (1981-2021) has a low return period in today’s climate. We find that these locations have a high potential for surprise. For example, in Montgomery County, Alabama, the most extreme temperature event since 1981 has a return period of 13 years in the climate of 2021. In these places, we offer unprecedented synthetic events from the large ensemble for use in disaster preparedness simulations to help people imagine the unprecedented. Our results not only document substantial changes in the risk of extremes in the Southeastern United States but also propose a generalizable framework for using large ensembles in disaster preparedness simulations in a changing climate.
The Long Lives of Subducted Spice and Vorticity Anomalies in the Subtropical Oceans
Authors: Hersh Cora , Wijffels Susan , Gebbie Geoffrey , Forget Gaël
Published: January 2025

Subtropical cells, which exist in nearly all ocean basins, connect subducting subtropical waters to upwelling sites along the equator. This tight link between the subtropics and the tropics, on a scale of 5–15 years, is well established in a time-averaged sense by modeling and observations. Recently, evidence has emerged of spice and potential vorticity anomaly persistence along mean flow pathways on isopycnals. We provide the first global view of subtropical water mass anomaly propagation, using both an observational dataset and the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) state estimate version 4 release 4. In this global synthesis that complements the existing body of largely regional studies, we find long-lived interannual water mass anomalies that translate along mean advective pathways in all ventilated subtropical gyres. They are detectable over multiple years and several thousand kilometers. Some anomalies are persistent enough to reach both the western boundary and equatorial current systems before being entirely eroded and thus could form ocean “tunnels” equivalent to the well-studied atmospheric bridge to impact the remote climate variability. The analysis of ocean tunnel propagation of a passive tracer (spice) and an active tracer (potential vorticity) confirms earlier model results that the active tracer decays more quickly than the passive tracer. Similarities and differences between timing and frequency of the two tracers could provide clues to anomaly formation mechanisms in various subduction regions. The success of ECCO in capturing these phenomena is encouragement to further explore their upstream sources and downstream impacts within this framework.

Significance Statement

Surface waters in the subtropical oceans flow below the surface layer and travel for long distances westward and equatorward until they reemerge at the surface. It is known that average water properties can persist for thousands of kilometers along this “ocean tunnel,” but how much the year-to-year variability can survive without being mixed away is less understood. We use observational data and global model output to estimate the frequency and survival of interannual anomalies of water properties along ocean tunnels. We find that such anomalies are common in all subtropical basins, that they have the potential to persist until they reach the tropics, and that the global model captures the variability seen in observations.
SFY—A Lightweight, High-Frequency, and Phase-Resolving Wave Buoy for Coastal Waters
Authors: Hope Gaute , Seldal Torunn Irene , Rabault Jean , Bryhni Helge Thomas , Bohlinger Patrik , Björkqvist Jan-Victor , Nordam Tor , Kleven Atle , Mostaani Arsalan , Furevik Birgitte Rugaard , Hole Lars Robert , Storvik Roger , Breivik Øyvind
Published: January 2025

Small lightweight wave buoys, designed to operate near the coast, have been developed. The buoys are designed to record and transmit the full-time series of surface acceleration at 52 Hz. The buoy uses the cellular network to transfer data and position (up to 80 km from the base station). This reduces costs and increases bandwidth. The low cost and low weight permit the buoys to be deployed easily and in arrays in areas where satellite and wave models struggle to resolve wave and current interaction. The buoys are tested in a wave flume, the open water, and the breaking waves of the surf. The conditions range from calm to significant wave heights exceeding 7 m and crashing breakers with accelerations exceeding 10g. The high sample rate captures the impulse of breaking waves and allows them to be studied in detail. Breaking waves are measured and quantified in the open water. We measure breaking waves in the surf and recover the trajectory of waves breaking in the field to a higher degree than previously done. The time series of surface elevation, and accurate positioning, permits the signal of adjacent buoys to be correlated in a coherent phase-resolved way. Finally, we offer an explanation and solution for the ubiquitous low-frequency noise in inertial measurement unit (IMU)–based buoys and discuss the necessary sampling and design to measure the areas of breaking waves.
Mapping Success: A Retrospective Study of Talent Development Trajectories in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Desmet Ophélie Allyssa , Mutukuri Tarun Tejasvi
Published: January 2025

This study explores talent-development trajectories of early-career chemical engineers to identify key components for success in the field using the talent development megamodel as a theoretical framework. Interviews with 12 recent PhD graduates reveal a trajectory across four developmental stages: (a) math ability and science ability, (b) chemical engineering competence and specialization competence, and (c) expertise/creative productivity. Teachable components include cognitive skills (e.g., strong math/science foundation, problem-solving), metacognitive skills (e.g., experimental design, project management), motivational skills (e.g., perseverance, learning from failures), and psychosocial skills (e.g., communication, collaboration) at different stages. The study highlights the importance of early experiences, mentorship, and continuous learning in fostering success in chemical engineering. Understanding field-specific talent development can inform targeted initiatives to address workforce gaps and promote STEM talent.
EXPRESS: Diversity Matters: How Film Critic Ratings Vary with Critic and Movie Cast Racial Profiles
Authors: Hu Ye
Published: January 2025

The author explores how racial alignment between film critics and movie casts affects critic ratings and their market implications. Testing the hypothesis of cultural affinity, this research finds that critics’ ratings tend to decrease as the proportion of Black cast members increases, but this effect is mitigated when the critic is Black. A text analysis of critics’ review excerpts suggests the presence of two tenets of cultural affinity: cultural literacy and cultural identity. An online survey further demonstrates that, in the absence of self-selection, Black respondents perceive greater affinity toward movies featuring predominantly Black casts and assign higher ratings to trailers featuring racially similar casts. Two additional analyses show that critic ratings have market consequences: as the proportion of Black cast members rises, critic ratings diverge more from audience choices (box office revenue) and audience ratings, though this effect is mitigated when the critics are Black. These findings underscore the importance of racial diversity in promoting culturally representative content in the marketplace.
EXPRESS: Lower Artificial Intelligence Literacy Predicts Greater AI Receptivity
Authors: Tully Stephanie , Longoni Chiara , Appel Gil
Published: January 2025

As artificial intelligence (AI) transforms society, understanding factors that influence AI receptivity is increasingly important. The current research investigates which types of consumers have greater AI receptivity. Contrary to expectations revealed in four surveys, cross country data and six additional studies find that people with lower AI literacy are typically more receptive to AI. This lower literacy-greater receptivity link is not explained by differences in perceptions of AI’s capability, ethicality, or feared impact on humanity. Instead, this link occurs because people with lower AI literacy are more likely to perceive AI as magical and experience feelings of awe in the face of AI’s execution of tasks that seem to require uniquely human attributes. In line with this theorizing, the lower literacy-higher receptivity link is mediated by perceptions of AI as magical and is moderated among tasks not assumed to require distinctly human attributes. These findings suggest that companies may benefit from shifting their marketing efforts and product development towards consumers with lower AI literacy. Additionally, efforts to demystify AI may inadvertently reduce its appeal, indicating that maintaining an aura of magic around AI could be beneficial for adoption.
EXPRESS: Customer-Centric Contract Changes
Authors: Wiseman Phillip , Alavi Sascha , Habel Johannes , Ehlig Pia Anna
Published: January 2025

Customers would frequently benefit from changes to an existing purchase contract with a supplier (e.g., due to a wrong order). Salespeople can voluntarily make such a change, which we label a “customer-centric contract change.” Formally, we define a customer-centric contract change as an act of a salesperson of amending the purchase contract in the customer’s favor without a legal obligation to do so. Since literature has neglected this prevalent and important phenomenon, we draw on social exchange theory to study the impact of such contract changes on relationship performance. Toward this end, we leverage panel data on over 57,000 customers, four experiments, and a survey study. Results suggest customer-centric contract changes increase relationship performance because customers are grateful for a salesperson’s relinquishing of power. Interestingly, this effect is less pronounced in close exchange relationships where a norm of solidarity between customers and salespeople exists. These findings add to emergent work that finds that business partners in close exchange relationships expect each other and are willing to forgo power advantages to alleviate each other’s hardships; we integrate these findings into what we coin “power-solidarity theory.” For practitioners, the findings offer guidance on whether and how to approve contract change requests.