bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative characteristics of physicochemical properties and safety indicators of fermented sunflower press cake and sunflower meal
Authors: Mironova Olga , Karmazin Anton , Mironova Anna , Mironova Alla
Published: June 2024

To compare the effect of biofermentation method on sunflower press cake and sunflower meal, we studied their physicochemical properties and biological and chemical safety indicators under the influence of Lesnov’s ferment. We determined that fermentation was more effective for sunflower meal compared to sunflower press cake - the mass fraction of crude protein, soluble carbohydrates, and the amount of starch increased. This allows us to recommend biofermentation as a suitable way to prepare sunflower meal for animal feed. The number of microbial cells of mold and the number of yeast cells (CFU/g), pesticides, nitrates and nitrites, toxic elements in sunflower press cake and sunflower meal both before and after fermentation were within the normative MAC. Keywords. Sunflower press cake and meal, Lesnov’s ferment, biofermentation, quality, safety.
Experience and prospects of the use of precision livestock farming in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kostomakhin Nikolay , Tseiko Leisan , Kostomakhin Mikhail
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of precision livestock farming technologies in the Russian Federation. A number of highly promising directions in the development of agriculture in general and animal husbandry in particular in the agro-industrial complex of the Russia Federation was described in the article. The main attention was paid to the development of precision livestock farming technologies as the most important component in the digital transformation of agricultural production with its most developed livestock segment and especially dairy cattle breeding. An overview of some important software products being developed, implemented and already widely used, information systems, and other digital solutions are extremely necessary for the effective functioning of the livestock industry of Russia. Some landmark developments, examples of the introduction of precision livestock farming elements, automation systems, information and analytical systems in agriculture, which are actively engaged in a number of organizations of the Russian Academy of Sciences and especially scientific and practical centers, scientific and research institutes as well as other domestic organizations of various departmental affiliation and form of ownership, have been considered. The new opportunities and advantages received by the state and farmers from the use of various digital solutions in the field of animal husbandry have been discussed.
Veterinary and sanitary examination of milk from subsidiary farms of the republic of Mari El
Authors: Smolentsev Sergey , Ivanov Ivan , Maksimova Elena , Isupova Nadezhda , Milaev Vyacheslav , Chirkova Anastasiya , Trudolyubova Olga , Gugkaeva Marina , Ktsoeva Irina , Agaeva Tatyana , Urtaeva Aza
Published: June 2024

At present, in order to avoid buying adulterated milk, some consumers buy the whole milk from private farms. However, when purchasing this product, there is a risk of harm to health. This is due to the fact that some cattle owners may improperly exercise health care and comply with conditions for keeping the animals. Purpose: To conduct a veterinary and sanitary assessment of raw milk samples from subsidiary farms of the Republic of Mari El. The material for this assessment was three raw milk samples from different subsidiary farms. In the selected samples, we determined the organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological properties. Standardized methods were used to determine these parameters. All test samples were a homogeneous white liquid free of sediment and flakes with a clean pleasant taste and smell, which met the requirements of GOST 31449-2013. The values of all samples for physicochemical properties were also within the limits specified in the standard, which indicates the milk naturality. However, when determining the QMA&OAMO (quantity of mesophyll aerobic and optional-anaerobic microorganisms), the obtained results greatly exceeded the established limits. The study of the sample cultures for coliform bacteria showed that, unlike samples 1 and 3, sample 2 has no bacteria of this group. The results of the microbiological quality demonstrated that either animals from which milk was obtained were kept in improper sanitary and hygienic conditions, or the milk obtained was contaminated with microorganisms at the consumer packaging stage. This study showed that all samples meet the requirements of GOST 31449-2013 for organoleptic and physico-chemical properties.
Effect of probiotics on height and weight parameters of young cattle
Authors: Smolentsev Sergey , Holodova Lyudmila , Bikchantaev Irek , Krupin Evgeny , Chevtaeva Natalia , Antonov Mark , Zaberezhny Alexey , Gryn Svetlana , Eremets Vladimir , Fayzrakhmanov Ramil
Published: June 2024

The main direction of agriculture is the search for effective methods of production to provide the population with the provision and to ensure the food independence of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feed yeast produced in Russia and abroad on the growth of calves up to six months of age. The scientific and production experiment was carried out on the dairy farm of "Gigant" Agricultural Production Cooperative Collective Farm of the Stavropol Territory. Four groups of ten heads of black-and-white calves were formed according to the principle of analogues. The animals were ten days old. Together with the main diet the calves of the 1st experimental group received I-SAK1026 drug in the amount of 11 g per animal per day, the animals of the second experimental group were fed with "Levisil SC+" drug in the amount of 5 g per animal per day, and the calves of the third experimental group received "Optisaf" drug in the amount of 15 g per animal per day. Changes of linear measurements of growth rate with age were different. The animals of the third experimental group had an advantage in most of the measurements. Compared to the control, they showed more significant results. Based on the results of the study, the following was established. Calves of the third experimental group that received "Optisaf" probiotic were characterized by more significant activity of metabolic processes. The calves of this group were ahead of the control calves in terms of development and growth.
The effectiveness of the use of psyllium in the production of functional products
Authors: Krotova Olga , Orobinskaya Valeria , Vertiy Natalia , Sklyarenko Elena , Konieva Oksana , Kaitmazov Elnur
Published: June 2024

Wheat flour bread plays an important role in the human diet. Currently, great attention is being paid to the creation of functional products with increased biological value and having a preventive or wellness effect. One of the ways to enrich the functional ones is to add various additives. In this paper, the possibility of enriching classic wheat flour bread with psyllium is considered. One of these products is psilium, a powder obtained from the husks of plantain plant seeds. Psyllium is known for its effects on the human body, especially on the gastrointestinal system. The supplement is a natural vegetable fiber, most of which is fiber, which is necessary for humans, it promotes the growth of beneficial intestinal microflora and ensures the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, and subsequently the entire body. The aim of the research was to obtain wheat bread with high nutritional and biological advantages, to give the product preventive and health-improving properties, as well as to add psyllium as an additive. The nutritional and energy value of the developed product has been determined. It was found that the developed bread surpasses the control sample in terms of the composition of food and biologically active substances, since it contains more dietary fiber and is more dietary, taking into account the energy value per 100 grams.
GPR snow cover investigation to determine its spatial and temporal variability
Authors: Frolov D.M. , Seliverstov Yu.G. , Koshurnikov A.V. , Gagarin V.E. , Nikolaeva E.S.
Published: June 2024

The paper presents data on the meteorological features of the 2023/24 winter season in Moscow and the results of observations of snow cover at the MSU meteorological observatory site, as well as a comparison of these meteorological conditions and the characteristics of snow accumulation in the winter of this year with previous years. The paper also presents the methodology and data of ground penetrating radar sounding of snow cover at the site of the Moscow State University meteorological observatory, their analysis and comparison with the given direct measurement data, which allows us to draw conclusions about the structure of the snow layer and its spatio-temporal variability based only on geophysical methods.
Assessment of soil fertility indicators based on remote sensing data
Authors: Matyunin Georgy , Ogorodnikova Svetlana , Murmantseva Ekaterina , Rozanov Vladislav , Palyga Ruslan
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the possibility of using artificial intelligence and machine learning methods to predict soil fertility based on remote sensing data. The research object was 70 soil samples taken in the village of Vshchizh, Bryansk region. Multispectral imaging of the earth's surface from the Sentinel-2 satellite was also used to assess the soil condition. The study in this article is based on the indicators of humus (%), P2O5 (mg/kg), and K2O (mg/kg). The prediction is done using a neural network model based on the Rosenblatt perceptron. Data analysis is conducted using the statistical software environment RStudio. The results of the model show the values of the total mean square error (MSE): MSE=0.178 for humus prediction, MSE=0.138 for P2O5 prediction, MSE=0.171 for K2O prediction. Additionally, the program calculated the correlation values between the predicted and calculated soil fertility. K(humus)=0.548, K(P2O5)=0.287, K(K2O)=0.244. Thus, the neural network most accurately predicted soil fertility based on the humus content.
Stochastic model for product supplier selection
Authors: Dokukin Alexander , Lomakin Mikhail , Niyazova Julia , Syromyatnikov Alexander
Published: June 2024

The aim of the article is to develop a model of rational choice of technology and equipment supplier under conditions of external environment uncertainty. The technical and economic requirements of the customer are considered as operational, i.e. each requirement can be evaluated by expert judgement or measured using one or another means of measurement. This problem belongs to the multi-criteria ones with diverse indicators, for which traditional methods of linear convolution of criteria do not function correctly. We present a stochastic model of product supplier selection based on the concept of suitability and stochastic dominance, as well as the principle of guaranteed result in the conditions of incomplete data represented by finite limited samples of supplier characteristics. Both univariate and multivariate cases of supplier selection are addressed within the model. Ultimately, the formulated models are converted into linear Boolean programming models, which can be effectively solved using conventional linear optimization software packages.
Role of maintaining real estate cadaster in environmental sustainability formation in the Russian Federation
Authors: Polikarpov A.M. , Polikarpova Yu.E. , Mater O.M. , Svoykin F.V. , Leonova O.N. , Kaigorodova V.A. , Kovtun M.A.
Published: June 2024

Modern sustainable formation of land management of territories in the Russian Federation among other things has a significant environmental aspect, the role of which increases every year in the early 2020s. Formation of a qualitative sustainable ecological state of the state requires the maintenance of qualitative and qualitative accounting, actual monitoring of the state of land in the Russian Federation. The article considers and analyzes the current order of the real estate cadaster in the Russian Federation from the point of view of the formation of a sustainable ecological state of the land of the state and its direct relationship in the current system of accounting and environmental monitoring of land according to the current regulations. The analysis of the role of improving the environmental component of land management and real estate cadaster in the context of monitoring and evaluation of systematic analysis of incoming information in terms of the practical component of the implementation of such information. The role of environmental studies for the formation of criteria and quality level of works on land management and real estate cadaster is assessed. Key words: state cadastral registration of real estate, unified state register of real estate, inventory of real estate objects, environmental monitoring of lands, cadastre, real estate, register, environmental legislation, accounting, law.
Requirements for a chainsaw operator’s exoskeleton
Authors: Vasilev Aleksey , Sukhanov Yuriy
Published: June 2024

Despite the mechanisation of the forest industry, the profession of a tree feller is still in demand. A tree feller with chainsaw works under great physical strain on all muscle groups. A distinctive feature of the job is the need to constantly change working postures and the need to hold a fairly heavy petrol-powered chainsaw in your outstretched arms. Facilitating the working conditions of the tree feller by reducing his or her physical fatigue is an urgent task. In order to achieve the purpose of this work, it was necessary to investigate the working conditions at a tree feller's workplace, to study the exoskeleton designs used in different branches of industry, and to formulate the requirements for a chainsaw operator’s exoskeleton design. To achieve the goal and solve the designated tasks, the use of patent information search methods, among scientific and technical literature, comparison, functional-structural-technological analysis, allowed one to establish the currently achieved technical level of exoskeletons and trends in their development. Thanks to the use of the brainstorming method in addition to the aforementioned methods, it was possible to achieve the final result of the work, which consists in the formulation of requirements for an exoskeleton for a chainsaw operator.
Dynamics of strength capabilities of the organism in conditions of ecological and biological well-being
Authors: Glamazdin Igor , Kropova Yulia , Medvedev Ilya , Tkacheva Elena
Published: June 2024

Regular physical activity is of great importance in relation to the formation of all human physical qualities. Differences in the level of strength development within individual sports are recognized. Taking into account this fact, it seems important to study the level of development of strength quality as athletes-athletes grow older. The aim of the study: to evaluate the dynamics of age-related changes in strength abilities in different categories of unicycling athletes. Eighty-one male athletes in adolescence or young adulthood, who regularly trained in judo, hand-tohand combat or Greco-Roman wrestling sections, were studied. A group of adolescents (14 individuals) who had not practiced sports during their lives and a group of non-sports-connected young men (13 individuals) were examined. Hand muscle strength was recorded by hand dynamometry with calculation of Student's t-criterion. During the evaluation of the level of strength in unicycling athletes, it was found that its greatest development was in wrestlers in adolescence and adolescence. In judoists and hand-tohand athletes it was a little less pronounced and comparable. The lowest level of it took place in non-sport-related examinees. As growing up, for all categories under consideration, an increase in strength capabilities in adolescence compared to the level in adolescence was noted.
Innovations in medical tourism
Authors: Ryndach Marina , Sergeeva Elena , Churilina Irina , Chernenok Maria , Khismatullina Elena , Shostak Marina
Published: June 2024

Medical tourism in the modern world is becoming a new, actively developing market segment. This market segment is expanding due to the active introduction of highly professional medical services. Instruments such as innovation certificates (vouchers) for small and medium-sized high-tech companies to pay for medical R&D services. This is an investment by the government to support innovation in medicine and population wellness. The results of the global ranking for 2022 made it possible to highlight the key advantages and disadvantages of the innovation system of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the main purpose of innovation implementation in medical tourism is to improve its efficiency, the question of measuring the impact of innovation on the quality of medical services provided to tourists inevitably arises. In this regard, we have reviewed some of the innovations that can be used in medicine such as: artificial intelligence, DNA sequencing for deciphering the genetic code, CRISPR-Cas9 system for genetic "scissors", virtual and augmented reality technology for treating neurological and psychosomatic disorders, VR technology, patient-specific devices (PSD) for customized implants, Cast21 for prosthetic limbs, bioprinting, smart insulin port, Kardiaelectrocardiograph. They can be used in the development of proposals for medical tours. With the application of innovations in medicine and the introduction of an international certification system in the medical sector, the attractiveness of medical tourism will increase significantly and attract new clients.
Agricultural industry students ecological worldview formation
Authors: Eroshenko Tatyana , Olenich Tamara , Finko Margarita , Melnik Anastasia
Published: June 2024

The authors focus on the socio-cultural aspect of "Russian cosmism", according to which this trend laid the foundations of the ecological worldview and a new culture of human civilization sustainability. The article is developed for the students specialized in agriculture. The purpose of the article is to* identify and show the value foundations of this new culture of sustainable development. The methodological basis is the analysis of the texts of representatives of Russian cosmism and their interpretation in modern literature. It resulted in a fundamentally new understanding of the laws of the "nature-society" system in the anthropological dimension. In the modern world, wars remain a powerful factor in the geopolitical regulation of planetary processes. They accompany humanity from the moment of its origin. It must be admitted that so far our history, the history of wars, our culture, in many of its bases, are generated by military activity and regulated by it, which is confirmed by a public opinion and attitude to nuclear weapons in the modern world. An ecological worldview and the ideas of sustainable development determine the worldview of agricultural students. Their personality is formed in conditions of conquering instability and global contradictions, gaining the experience in overcoming the planetary and universal inconsistencies.
The role of Islamic banks in financing renewable energy projects
Authors: Radwan Alnsour Ibrahim
Published: June 2024

The main goal of the study is aimed at determining the role of Islamic banks in financing renewable energy projects. The relevance of the study is due to the need for sustainable economic development of the energy sector of the world economy. Increasing interest in the world in renewable energy sources and networks, which will reduce the energy dependence of countries and reduce consumer tensions, confirm the need for research. Trends in the development of the energy sector in the world are considered. The basic directions in the development of renewable energy projects are conceptualized. The specifics of financing and investment attractiveness of renewable energy projects are highlighted. The investment trends of Islamic banks in renewable energy investment projects are structured. The role of Islamic banks is structured and financial instruments are highlighted with an emphasis on investment direction in the field of renewable energy. The results of the study contain trends in the development of the global energy sector and a statement of the key role of Islamic banks in financing investment projects for the development of renewable energy sources, which can be applied in practice when studying finance and planning investments in the field of energy.
Digitization and globalization: Navigating the impact on social capital, natural resources, and environmental sustainability
Authors: Polishchuk Oleksandr , Samchuk Zoreslav , Dudchenko Volodymyr , Shtanagei Dmytro , Storozhuk Iryna , Zhabenko Oleksandr , Chervona Lesya
Published: June 2024

The impact of digitization in the context of globalization on the formation and preservation of social capital, natural resources, and the environment has been considered. In examining state strategies towards digitization and its influence on social capital, principles such as specificity, integrity, historicism, and rationality were employed, along with methods of comparison and constructive criticism, as well as categories of essence, necessity, and measure. Historical, anthropological, ontological, political, axiological, and dialectical methods played a significant role in reflecting the characteristics of the information age, defining strategies, and priorities for the development of states and social capital. Countries that vigorously integrate digitization into human existence tend to develop faster, reap economic benefits, thereby contributing to the preservation of social capital. Additionally, the processes of digitization become essential for creating a digital space for the formation of digital social capital and the digital individual, each possessing unique characteristics. The digitization of social capital processes entails the introduction of digital technologies into the ontological environment of individuals, where they become part of human reality. Both positive and negative aspects of digitization have been identified, with the impact of digitization on social capital formation being complex and multifaceted, depending on the state’s development strategy in this direction. Digital technologies facilitate communication, increase access to information and resources, promoting the development of social connections and cooperation, ultimately enabling quick responses to environmental challenges for the preservation of the environment. Digitization is one of the characteristics of a society of sustainable development. Within the concept of this society, it allows accumulating social capital, developing the economy, taking into account environmental requirements. From a practical point of view, digitalization is a condition for structural changes in organizations, as a result of which the processes of internal and external communication and management change. The development of a digitalized society, in which the accumulation of social capital takes place, has a positive effect on the implementation of the principles of sustainable development: the combination of nature conservation and social development; satisfaction of basic human needs; achieving equality and social justice; ensuring social self-determination and cultural diversity; maintaining the integrity of ecosystems.
Direkte Hochdruckinjektionsverletzung mit einer Capsaicin gefüllten Gaspistole in die Hohlhand
Authors: Sönmez Güner , Janzen Jan , Spies Christian Karl
Published: June 2024

Hochdruckinjektionsverletzungen der Hand zählen zweifelsohne zu den gefährlichsten Verletzungen an der Hand mit weitreichenden Folgen. Diese Läsionen werden oft unterschätzt, sodass sekundäre Schäden sich entfalten können. Nicht nur die physikalische Wirkung, sondern auch das Agens definieren die Therapie.
Pregnancy-Related and Neonatal Outcomes during Omicron Variant-Dominant COVID-19 Pandemic among the Black-Dominant Population
Authors: Min Daniel D. , Min Jae H.
Published: June 2024

Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of the Omicron variant on pregnancy-related and neonatal outcomes among the Black-dominant population.

Study Design We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study during the prepandemic period from December 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020, and the Omicron surging period from December 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. A total of 518 pregnant women were admitted for delivery during the study period. Multiple gestations (n = 21) and deliveries at less than 20 weeks of gestation (n = 5) were excluded. We analyzed and compared the sociodemographic and clinical data from mothers and their neonates between the two cohorts as well as between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive and negative mothers during the Omicron surge. Subgroup analyses were also conducted specifically among the Black-only population.

Results The cohorts were predominantly Black (88.6%), with smaller proportions of Hispanic (8.9%), Asian (0.8%), White (0.8%), and other ethnicities (0.8%). Of 492 singleton deliveries, 275 live births, 8 (2.8%) stillbirths, and 31 (11.3%) preterm births (PTBs) occurred during the prepandemic period, and 207 live births, 2 (1%) stillbirths, and 33 (15.9%) PTBs occurred during the Omicron wave. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of PTBs, stillbirths, medically indicated PTBs, and cesarean delivery between the two cohorts. SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers were not at an increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate significantly increased among neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers compared with negative mothers (32.3 vs. 16.5%, p = 0.038). In subgroup analyses among Black individuals, this difference was not observed.

Conclusion There was no significant difference in pregnancy-related or neonatal outcomes in the Black-dominant population between the two cohorts. SARS-CoV-2 infection did not alter these findings except for an increased NICU admission rate among neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers.

Key Points
Factors Affecting Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Alcohol Dependence in the Absence of Intoxication: A Study from Goa
Authors: Jadhav Ganesh M , Parab Amey S. , Sundaram Ponraj K.
Published: June 2024

Background Alcohol dependence is common in certain parts of the world and it contributes to increased incidence of head injury. The effect of alcohol dependence on head injury outcome separate from intoxication has not received much attention.

Aims We evaluate the factors affecting outcome in head injury patients with a history of alcohol dependence.

Materials and Methods A prospective study of alcohol-dependent patients with head injury was conducted. The patients were treated using standard head injury protocols and information regarding duration of alcohol use was assessed with investigations relating to alcoholic liver disease. The outcome was measured up to 1 month and analyzed with respect to the factors measured.

Results The Extended Glasgow Outcome Score at 1 month was lower in patients with increasing duration of alcohol use. Increased duration of alcohol use also led to increased incidence of liver disease and coagulopathy, which independently affected the outcome negatively. Higher duration of alcohol use also resulted in increased risk of seizures and infection.

Conclusion Alcohol dependence negatively affects head injury outcome at 1 month. In addition, increased duration of alcohol use shows a linear trend with poor outcome. Although the exact mechanisms for this are not clear, detection and management of complications like coagulopathy may improve outcome.
Chiral Sulfones via Single-Electron Oxidation-Initiated Photoenzymatic Catalysis
Authors: Ye Juntao , Sakthivel Pandaram , Shi Qinglong
Published: June 2024

We recently achieved an oxidation-initiated photoenzymatic enantioselective hydrosulfonylation of olefins through the utilization of a new Gluconobacter ene-reductase mutant (GluER-W100F-W342F). Our method simplifies the reaction system by eliminating the need for a cofactor regeneration mixture and, in contrast with previous photoenzymatic systems, does not depend on the formation of an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex between the substrates and enzyme cofactor. Moreover, the GluER variant exhibits good substrate compatibility and excellent enantioselectivity. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a tyrosine-mediated HAT process is involved and support the proposed oxidation-initiated mechanism. In this Synpacts article, we discuss the conceptual framework that led to the discovery of this reaction and reflect on the key aspects of its development.

1 Introduction

2 Conceptual Background

2.1 Intramolecular Photoenzymatic Reactions via Single-Electron Reduction

2.2 Intermolecular Photoenzymatic Reactions via Single-Electron Reduction

3 The Development of the Process

4 Conclusion
Characterization of an Estrogen Receptor α-Selective 18F-Estradiol PET Tracer
Authors: Sluka Pavel , Ackermann Uwe , Rigopoulos Angela , Wardan Hady , Pezaro Carmel , Burvenich Ingrid J.G. , Scott Andrew M. , Davis Ian D.
Published: June 2024

Objective Conventional imaging of cancer with modalities such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging provides little information about the underlying biology of the cancer and consequently little guidance for systemic treatment choices. Accurate identification of aggressive cancers or those that are likely to respond to specific treatment regimens would allow more precisely tailored treatments to be used. The expression of the estrogen receptor α subunit is associated with a more aggressive phenotype, with a greater propensity to metastasize. We aimed to characterize the binding properties of an 18F-estradiol positron emission tomography (PET) tracer in its ability to bind to the α and β forms of estrogen receptors in vitro and confirmed its binding to estrogen receptor α in vivo.

Methods The 18F-estradiol PET tracer was synthesized and its quality confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Binding of the tracer was assessed in vitro by saturation and competitive binding studies to HEK293T cells transfected with estrogen receptor α (ESR1) and/or estrogen receptor β (ESR2). Binding of the tracer to estrogen receptor α in vivo was assessed by imaging of uptake of the tracer into MCF7 xenografts in BALB/c nu/nu mice.

Results The 18F-estradiol PET tracer bound with high affinity (94 nM) to estrogen receptor α, with negligible binding to estrogen receptor β. Uptake of the tracer was observed in MCF7 xenografts, which almost exclusively express estrogen receptor α.

Conclusion 18F-estradiol PET tracer binds in vitro with high specificity to the estrogen receptor α isoform, with minimal binding to estrogen receptor β. This may help distinguish human cancers with biological dependence on estrogen receptor subtypes.
Multimodality Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Poonia Nemi Chand , Jain Surendra , Poonia Hardika
Published: June 2024

Object Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) consists of excruciating paroxysmal pain, which lasts for seconds to minutes, in the distribution of fifth cranial nerve. TN is not life-threatening, but life became miserable because of high intensity of pain. This study aimed to assess the overall success rates of different treatments, considering pain relief, recurrence rates, and potential side effects.

Material and Methods A total of 203 patients of TN treated in the period of last 10 years, that is, 2013 to 2022, were included. Medial management was in 103, radiofrequency ablation in 17, neurectomy in 9, tumor excision in 6, and microvascular decompression (MVD) was done in 68 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging brain with fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition was the basic investigation to decide the etiology of disease.

Results Preliminary findings from our institutional experience indicate that a multidisciplinary approach, combining medical, surgical, and noninvasive treatments, yielded the most favorable results in managing TN. The majority of patients achieved significant pain reduction and improved quality of life with these selected therapies. However, certain subgroups of patients exhibited a higher propensity for treatment resistance, necessitating further investigation into personalized treatment strategies.

Conclusion Our study concludes that there is no definitive treatment modality (either medical or surgical) available for patients with TN. As the etiology of TN is varied, management of TN also varied, that is, multidisciplinary approach. Every type of treatment has pros and cons but when the cause of TN is vascular compression and patient's general condition permits for surgery, in such cases MVD should be preferred over the ablative procedures.
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Location: A Pilot Study on the Validation of Subdural Site with the Intraventricular Site
Authors: Bharadwaj Suparna , Sundaram Mouleeswaran , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Muthuchellappan Radhakrishnan
Published: June 2024

Introduction Knowledge of preoperative and intraoperative intracranial pressure (ICP) enables the neuroanesthesiologist to optimize cerebral perfusion pressure. However, ICP is rarely monitored during the intraoperative period. In this report, subdural site ICP measurement is validated with intraventricular ICP measurement, and the feasibility of subdural ICP monitoring during the intraoperative period is discussed.

Materials and Methods In this prospective pilot study, ICP measurement at the subdural site was achieved with an intravenous cannula and the ventricular site with a ventricular cannula. Both were transduced using a fluid-filled pressure transducer and connected to the monitor for display of the number and the waveforms. Monitoring of intraoperative ICP using both the techniques was done in all patients recruited into the study. The correlation between the two modalities of measurement was studied by the Spearman correlation test and their limits of agreement were studied using the Bland–Altman plot. A case series describing the perioperative management based on the subdural ICP values are also described.

Results Subdural ICP showed a strong correlation with intraventricular ICP (r
s = 0.93, p = 0.01). Agreement analysis using the Bland–Altman plot showed that the mean difference of ICP between the modalities was 1.44 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −0.6 to 3.49, p = 0.122).

Discussion This study validates the ICP values measured at the subdural site with the intraventricular site. Subdural site ICP monitoring can be achieved rapidly with readily available systems and helps in making intraoperative clinical decisions.

Conclusion Cannula-based subdural ICP is a satisfactory alternative to intraventricular ICP monitoring in the intraoperative period.
A Comparative Evaluation of Removable Partial Denture Prostheses and Dental Caries Status among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients
Authors: U. Kumaraswamy Ambikathanaya , K. Nagarajagowda Raghavendra Swamy , Gujjari Anil Kumar , Chittiappa Ponnappa K. , Lakshminarayan Sunil Tejaswi K. , Shetty Suneeth
Published: June 2024

Introduction Oral health is an integral part of general health. Systemic diseases such as diabetic condition and local factors have an impact on oral health of individuals. Dental caries is one of the most common oral health conditions affecting 60 to 90% of the population. Acrylic removable partial denture (RPD) is one of the most widely accepted means of tooth replacement. Its insertion in the mouth leads to altering the oral environment and increases plaque formation, particularly on tooth surface of those in contact with the acrylic partial denture facilitating the initiation of caries.

Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of acrylic RPDs on caries prevalence in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

Methodology This comparative study was performed on 400 patients of age between 20 and 64 years visiting JSS Dental College and Hospital in Mysuru. Patients participating in this study were explained regarding the survey analysis and informed consent was taken. It was a questionnaire-based clinical study. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered for the selection of the study sample and categorize the patients into one of the following groups, with prostheses (Group A) and without prostheses (Group B) and subgroups diabetic patients with prostheses (Group A1) and nondiabetic patients with prostheses (Group A2). Diabetic patients without prostheses (Group B1) and nondiabetic patients without prostheses (Group B2). Sociodemographic information of each patient was recorded, and clinical examination was performed for decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) using DMFT index.

Results A statistically significant high prevalence of dental caries was observed among nondiabetic patients with acrylic RPD (Group A2).

Conclusion Acrylic RPD and diabetes had least role in caries prevalence.
Asymmetrical Lateral Crus Steal in Geometric Tip Reshaping
Authors: Jadczak Marcin , Krzywdzińska Sandra , Jurkiewicz Dariusz
Published: June 2024

A key component of a well-performed rhinoplasty is to obtain the proper, aesthetic shape of the nasal tip. Various surgical techniques have been developed to achieve this effect. In this work, the author wanted to focus not only on the satisfactory shape of the nose, but above all on its main role—functionality. In this article, the asymmetrical lateral crus steal (ALCS) technique is proposed, which in its assumption will enable narrowing, better defining and rotating of the nasal tip, and at the same time enhancing nasal patency. We present a retrospective analysis within the group of 267 patients who underwent primary open-approach rhinoplasty that included the ALCS technique. The mean follow-up time was 12 months. A total of 232 patients achieved very good postoperative results without observation of any serious complications related to breathing difficulties or asymmetry of the nasal tip shape. ALCS is a relatively simple surgical technique to perform. The use of the ALCS suture creates the possibility of proper profiling of the nasal tip while improving the respiratory functions of the nose.
Optimization of intelligent guided vehicle vision navigation based on improved YOLOv2
Authors: Hua Lei , Wu Xing , Gu Jinwang
Published: June 2024

Addressing the challenge of limited accuracy and real-time performance in intelligent guided vehicle (IGV) image recognition and detection, typically reliant on traditional feature extraction approaches. This study delves into a visual navigation detection method using an improved You Only Look Once (YOLO) model–simplified YOLOv2 (SYOLOv2) to satisfy the complex operating conditions of the port and the limitations of IGV hardware computing. The convolutional neural network structure of YOLOv2 is refined to ensure adaptability to varying weather conditions using a single image. Preprocessing of images involves Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), while an adaptive image resolution detection model, contingent upon vehicle speed, is proposed to enhance the detection performance. The comparative experiments conducted on image datasets reflective of actual road conditions and weather conditions demonstrate notable enhancements in accuracy and frames transmitted per second compared to conventional methods. These improvements signify the efficacy of the proposed approach in meeting the stringent requirements for real-time detection on IGV platforms.
The impact of S vacancies on the modulation of the work function and Schottky barrier at the Au/MoS2 interface
Authors: Xie Duxing , Yang Fengzhen , Qiu Xu , Hu Yuhao , Sun Yi , He Shuang , Wang Xiufeng
Published: June 2024

The S vacancy at metal/MoS2 interface plays a much important role than the semiconductor itself. In this work, the influence of different configurations of S vacancy concentrations on the effective work function and band structure of the Au/MoS2 interface has been investigated systematically using first-principles calculations. The study specifically explores the effective work function of the Au/MoS2 interface, the deviation of interface effects from the vacuum work function, and the dipole moment caused by interface charge transfer. The results reveal that the electronic work function of Au/MoS2 increases with the increase in S vacancy concentration, but the rate of increase tends to slow down with higher S concentrations. The variation in the effective work function of the Au/MoS2 interface may be attributed to the presence of S vacancies and the exposure of Mo atoms. S vacancies lead to a reduction in the Schottky barrier, resulting in increased leakage current. The Fermi pinning caused by S vacancy concentration and location is also observed. The results obtained in this study can serve as a theoretical foundation for applications in electronic devices that rely on metal/MoS2 contact.
A general framework for the design of efficient passive pitch systems
Authors: Ōtomo Shūji , Gambuzza Stefano , Liu Yabin , Young Anna M. , Broglia Riccardo , McCarthy Edward D. , Viola Ignazio Maria
Published: June 2024

Mitigating the impact of variable inflow conditions is critical for a wide range of engineering systems such as drones or wind and tidal turbines. Passive control systems are of increasing interest for their inherent reliability, but a mathematical framework to aid the design of such systems is currently lacking. To this end, in this paper a two-dimensional rigid foil that passively pitches in response to changes in the flow velocity is considered. Both an analytical quasi-steady model and a dynamic low-order model are developed to investigate the pivot point position that maximizes unsteady load mitigation. The paper focuses on streamwise gusts, but the proposed methodology would apply equally to any change in the inflow velocity (speed and/or direction). The quasi-steady model shows that the force component in any arbitrary direction can be kept constant if the pivot lies on a particular line, and that the line coordinates depend on the gust and the foil characteristics. The dynamic model reveals that the optimum distance of the pivot location from the foil increases with decreasing inertia. For a foil at small angles of incidence, the optimum pivot point is along the extended chord line. This knowledge provides a methodology to design optimum passively pitching systems for a plethora of applications, including flying and swimming robotic vehicles, and provides new insights into the underlying physics of gust mitigation.
Femtotesla all-optical dual-axis spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Han Bangcheng , Liu Ziao , Wang Zhongyu , Sheng Jianwei , Xiang Min , Lu Jixi
Published: June 2024

The sensitivity of existing all-optical atomic magnetometers is significantly compromised due to the simultaneous influence of optical parameters on both optical pumping and optical modulation of atoms. The tight interlinkage of these processes poses challenges for their individual optimization, thereby restricting the achievable sensitivity. To address this issue, we developed a comprehensive optical modulation analytical model that fully considers the effects of dynamic optical pumping. Building upon this model, we introduced a multi-objective optimization method for optical parameters, leading to minimal non-sensitive axis crosstalk and optimal sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrated a femtotesla all-optical spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer with sensitivities of 2 fT/Hz1/2 along the y-axis and 4 fT/Hz1/2 along the x-axis, respectively. This advancement surpasses the sensitivity of existing optically modulated magnetometers and bears profound implications for the advancement and application of arrayed magnetometers.
A niche-derived nonribosomal peptide triggers planarian sexual development
Authors: Issigonis Melanie , Browder Katherine L. , Chen Rui , Collins James J. , Newmark Phillip A.
Published: June 2024

Germ cells are regulated by local microenvironments (niches), which secrete instructive cues. Conserved developmental signaling molecules act as niche-derived regulatory factors, yet other types of niche signals remain to be identified. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of sexual planarians revealed niche cells expressing a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (
nrps
). Inhibiting
nrps
led to loss of female reproductive organs and testis hyperplasia. Mass spectrometry detected the dipeptide β-alanyl-tryptamine (BATT), which is associated with reproductive system development and requires
nrps
and a monoamine-transmitter-synthetic enzyme Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) for its production. Exogenous BATT rescued the reproductive defects after
nrps
or
aadc
inhibition, restoring fertility. Thus, a nonribosomal, monoamine-derived peptide provided by niche cells acts as a critical signal to trigger planarian reproductive development. These findings reveal an unexpected function for monoamines in niche-germ cell signaling. Furthermore, given the recently reported role for BATT as a male-derived factor required for reproductive maturation of female schistosomes, these results have important implications for the evolution of parasitic flatworms and suggest a potential role for nonribosomal peptides as signaling molecules in other organisms.
The structure and function of antagonistic ties in village social networks
Authors: Ghasemian Amir , Christakis Nicholas A.
Published: June 2024

Negative or antagonistic relationships are common in human social networks, but they are less often studied than positive or friendly relationships. The existence of a capacity to have and to track antagonistic ties raises the possibility that they may serve a useful function in human groups. Here, we analyze empirical data gathered from 24,770 and 22,513 individuals in 176 rural villages in Honduras in two survey waves 2.5 y apart in order to evaluate the possible relevance of antagonistic relationships for broader network phenomena. We find that the small-world effect is more significant in a positive world with negative ties compared to an otherwise similar hypothetical positive world without them. Additionally, we observe that nodes with more negative ties tend to be located near network bridges, with lower clustering coefficients, higher betweenness centralities, and shorter average distances to other nodes in the network. Positive connections tend to have a more localized distribution, while negative connections are more globally dispersed within the networks. Analysis of the possible impact of such negative ties on dynamic processes reveals that, remarkably, negative connections can facilitate the dissemination of information (including novel information experimentally introduced into these villages) to the same degree as positive connections, and that they can also play a role in mitigating idea polarization within village networks. Antagonistic ties hold considerable importance in shaping the structure and function of social networks.
RUSHing back: Kinetic analysis of adaptor protein complex-1 (AP-1)–mediated retrograde traffic
Authors: Duncan Mara C.
Published: June 2024

Numerous biomedically important cargoes depend on adaptor protein complex-1 (AP-1) for their localization. However, controversy surrounds whether AP-1 mediates traffic from or to the Golgi. Robinson et al. (https://www.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202310071) present compelling evidence that AP-1 mediates recycling to the Golgi.