bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timing of Anticoagulation after Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Alrohimi Anas , Jickling Glen , Buck Brian , Butcher Ken S.
Published: June 2022

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke are at high risk for stroke recurrence. Early anticoagulation may reduce the risk of recurrent events but is usually avoided due to the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Current guidelines are based on empiric expert opinion. The assumed risk of HT is based on historical data from an older generation of anticoagulants. The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have demonstrated lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage compared to older anticoagulants. However, the optimal timing of DOAC initiation after AF-related ischemic stroke has remained an area of clinical equipoise, as the pivotal phase III trials did not include patients in the early period after ischemic stroke. Multiple prospective studies and a few smaller randomized controlled trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of early versus delayed DOAC initiation have been completed. These studies have reported promising results of early DOAC initiation after acute ischemic stroke. However, a standardized documentation of HT rates on follow-up imaging with objective assessment criteria is missing from most of these studies. Larger randomized trials of early versus delayed DOAC are ongoing. A literature review was performed using keywords and Medical Subject Headings in MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar databases. For each relevant paper, the bibliography was scrutinized for other relevant articles and journals. In this article, we review the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and HT in patients with AF, pathophysiology, classification, predictors, natural history, and outcomes of HT and discuss the studies of early anticoagulation after AF-related ischemic stroke.
Distributions on partitions arising from Hilbert schemes and hook lengths
Authors: Bringmann Kathrin , Craig William , Males Joshua , Ono Ken
Published: June 2022

Recent works at the interface of algebraic combinatorics, algebraic geometry, number theory and topology have provided new integer-valued invariants on integer partitions. It is natural to consider the distribution of partitions when sorted by these invariants in congruence classes. We consider the prominent situations that arise from extensions of the Nekrasov–Okounkov hook product formula and from Betti numbers of various Hilbert schemes of n points on

${\mathbb {C}}^2$

. For the Hilbert schemes, we prove that homology is equidistributed as

$n\to \infty $

. For t-hooks, we prove distributions that are often not equidistributed. The cases where

$t\in \{2, 3\}$

stand out, as there are congruence classes where such counts are zero. To obtain these distributions, we obtain analytic results of independent interest. We determine the asymptotics, near roots of unity, of the ubiquitous infinite products

$$ \begin{align*}F_1(\xi; q):=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(1-\xi q^n\right), \ \ \ F_2(\xi; q):=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(1-(\xi q)^n\right) \ \ \ {\mathrm{and}}\ \ \ F_3(\xi; q):=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(1-\xi^{-1}(\xi q)^n\right). \end{align*} $$
II. Toward a Participatory Ecclesiology: Catholic Students and the Quest for Ecclesial Adulthood
Authors: Ahern Kevin
Published: June 2022

In his 2019 post-synodal apostolic exhortation, Christus Vivit, Pope Francis identifies an important challenge for the church today. “Youth ministry,” he writes, “has to be synodal; it should involve a ‘journeying together’ … through a process of co-responsibility … Motivated by this spirit, we can move towards a participatory and co-responsible Church.”
A freely suspended robotic swimmer propelled by viscoelastic normal stresses
Authors: Kroo L.A. , Binagia Jeremy P. , Eckman Noah , Prakash Manu , Shaqfeh Eric S.G.
Published: June 2022

We present a self-propelled axisymmetric low-Reynolds-number swimmer (force- and torque-free) that, while unable to swim in a Newtonian fluid, propels itself in a non-Newtonian fluid as a result of fluid elasticity. The propulsion gait is pure ‘swirling’ and is demonstrated using a robotic swimmer, comprised of a ‘head’ sphere and a ‘tail’ sphere, whose swimming speed is shown to demonstrate good agreement with a microhydrodynamic asymptotic theory and numerical simulations. Schlieren imaging demonstrates that propulsion of the swimmer is driven by a strong viscoelastic jet at the tail, which develops due to the fore–aft asymmetry of the swimmer. Optimized cylindrical and conic tail geometries are shown to double the propulsive signal, relative to the optimal spherical tail. We show that we can use observations of this robot to infer rheological properties of the surrounding fluid. We measure the primary normal stress coefficient

$\varPsi _1$

at shear rates

${<}1\,{\rm Hz}$

, and show reasonable agreement with extrapolated bench-top measurements (

$0.8\unicode{x2013}1.2\,{\rm Pa}\,{\rm s}^2$

difference). We also derive how the head rotation may be used to measure the second normal stress coefficient,

$\varPsi _2$

. The study demonstrates the exciting potential for a ‘swimming rheometer’, examining the intersection between swimming and sensing in complex fluids.
Oxygen, a key signalling factor in the control of seed germination and dormancy
Authors: Corbineau Françoise
Published: June 2022

Oxygen is a major factor of seed germination since it allows resumption of respiration and subsequent metabolism reactivation during seed imbibition, thus leading to the production of reducing power and ATP. Most studies carried out in the 60s to 85s indicate that oxygen requirement depends on the species and is modulated by environmental factors. They have also demonstrated that the covering structures mainly inhibit germination by limiting oxygen supply to the embryo during imbibition through enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds by polyphenol oxidases (catechol oxidase and laccase) and peroxidases. Recent use of oxygen-sensitive microsensors has allowed to better characterize the oxygen diffusion in the seed and determine the oxygen content at the level of embryo below the covering structures. Here, I will also highlight the major data obtained over the last 30 years indicating the key role of oxygen in the molecular networks regulating seed germination and dormancy through (1) the hormonal balance (ethylene, ABA and GA), the hormone-signalling pathway and, in particular, the ABA sensitivity, (2) the emerging role of mitochondria in ROS production in hypoxia and (3) the involvement of the N-degron pathway in the turnover of proteins involved in seed tolerance to hypoxia.
Land capital and emissions convergence in an extended Green Solow model
Authors: Guilló María Dolores , Magalhães Manuela
Published: June 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the contribution of land capital to the growth of emissions and income per capita in the long run. We collect new satellite data from the Earth Observatory to obtain estimates of the Enhanced Vegetation Index at the country level for the period 2000–2015. We use these data and the World Bank wealth estimates of natural capital to calibrate and empirically test an extension of the Green Solow model with land degradation and land capital investment. We show that the model is consistent with the cross-country variation in growth rates of carbon emissions per capita and find that there is convergence at the global level, with the contribution of land capital investment to the growth of emissions being negative and significant in all specifications.
Impact of payments for forest environmental services on households' livelihood: a case study in the Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Pham Van Truong , Roongtawanreongsri Saowalak , Ho Thong Quoc , Tran Phuong Hanh Niekdam
Published: June 2022

Payments for environmental services have been popularly used in environmental management and an increasing number of studies assesses their contribution to local livelihoods. This study employs propensity score matching with a dataset of 404 indigenous households in the Central Highlands of Vietnam to evaluate the effect of payments for forest environmental services (PFES) on their livelihoods. Participating in PFES increased households' employment and income from activities related to natural forests. Income from PFES allowed households to enhance productive investment and promote income from cultivation activities. All of this, in turn, increased their annual income, job satisfaction, living expenditures, and reduced the amount of any loan. Additionally, PFES enhanced opportunities to participate in training courses and traditional community activities. This confirms that PFES is not only a good initiative for forest management but also a livelihood policy for communities.
What is the Idea of the Soul? Comments on Katharina Kraus, Kant on Self-Knowledge and Self-Formation
Authors: Frierson Patrick R.
Published: June 2022

These remarks focus on Kraus’s claim that for Kant the category of substance cannot apply to the soul but that instead we can and should apply a merely regulative idea of the soul. While granting Kraus’s contention that we require an idea of the soul in order to investigate inner experience, I argue that the category of substance nonetheless applies to the soul, but that the notion of the soul as entirely non-corporeal is a regulative idea. To explore this contention, I closely examine two crucial passages Kraus uses to argue against parity between inner and outer sense.
Introduction: Methods in China-India Studies
Authors: Mangalagiri Adhira , Sen Tansen
Published: June 2022

Amid growing interest in studying China and India together, this special issue, “Methods in China-India Studies,” seeks to open a conversation on the relevance, approaches, and stakes of China-India research. Why should we pair China and India together, how can we best do so, and to what ends? In this introduction to the issue, the editors first discuss the rationales commonly evoked as justification for studying China and India together. The first section articulates shared intellectual commitments as lending a coherence to China-India studies, and as providing a common ground and point of departure for scholars across disciplinary boundaries. The second section outlines a history of the China-India pairing from the first century CE to the end of the twentieth century, with a focus on how a range of historical actors paired China and India under shifting political circumstances and with differing objectives. This section also offers an assessment of the methodological approaches recent scholarship has extended to studying each of these periods. As a whole, this introduction reflects on the unique challenges and opportunities of conducting China-India research, and outlines some of the contributions the China and India conceptual pairing can make to other fields of study.
Broadband circularly polarized 2 × 2 MIMO array for midband 5G wireless applications
Authors: Gunjal Aniket , Kshirsagar Ujwala
Published: June 2022

The novel compact size orthogonally fed 2 x 2 Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) array antenna for mid-band Fifth Generation (5G) wireless application is presented. The antenna configuration consists of diamond-shaped patches employed at the top of substrate. The V-shaped common ground slot structure is employed at the bottom of substrate. A broadband circular polarization is achieved by simply combining two circular polarization modes obtained from ground V slot and top patch feed structure. Mainly, the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and gain are enhanced by protruding slots on ground and cutting edges of patches. The measured result shows that 1.70 – 8.00 GHz (6.30 GHz) of IBW, 8.8 dBic of peak gain, and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth from 1.81 – 3.87 GHz (2.06 GHz) are obtained. The proposed antenna performances are experimentally validated by fabricating and testing it for measured result analysis without using power divider.
Developmental Issues Associated with Adolescent School Refusal and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Manuals
Authors: Heyne David
Published: June 2022

Abstract. It is important to consider developmental issues when addressing school refusal (SR) in adolescence. Referral rates appear to be higher among adolescents relative to children, and treatment appears to be less effective among adolescents. This paper provides an in-depth review of developmental issues associated with adolescent SR and treatment via cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). It begins by considering the reasons for the higher referral and poorer treatment outcomes, including the higher level of absenteeism in adolescence, higher rates of concurrent social anxiety disorder and depressive disorder, and the developmental challenges inherent to adolescence. Such challenges include increased academic and social demands in the secondary-school environment, and increasing autonomy which may contribute to family conflict. These developmental issues may potentiate and exacerbate an adolescent’s difficulty attending school, make it difficult for families to cope, and complicate practitioners’ efforts to provide effective treatment for SR. Further, the review describes CBT manuals for SR and the extent to which they are developmentally sensitive. There are five CBT manuals, which vary in their sensitivity to developmental issues. Various multimodal treatments employ interventions in addition to CBT, such as medication or inpatient treatment, to address the complexity of SR in adolescence. Nevertheless, nonresponse to treatment for adolescent SR ranges from one-third to two-thirds of youths. Attention thus needs to be given to ways of improving treatment outcomes.
Interdecadal Change in the Relationship Between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and the North/South Pacific Meridional Mode
Authors: Lu Yunlong , Feng Junqiao , Jia Fan , Hu Dunxin
Published: June 2022

The North and South Pacific Meridional Modes (NPMM and SPMM) are subtropical ocean‐atmospheric coupling variabilities that are significantly related to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In this study, we show that there has been a clear interdecadal change in the lagged relationship between NPMM/SPMM and ENSO by analyzing observations and reanalysis data. There is a significant and close relation between SPMM and ENSO during 1956–1980 (PD1), with SPMM leading by 6–10 months; while the significant and close correlation between NPMM and ENSO appears during 1981–2005 (PD2), with the former leading by 8–11 months. The SPMM coupling strength shows a character that is similar to that of the SPMM‐ENSO relationship. An intensified sea surface temperature variability results in a stronger air‐sea coupling strength for SPMM before 1980 than that after 1980, in which wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback plays an important role. Consequently, the influence of the SPMM on the following ENSO is stronger in PD1 than in PD2. Mixed‐layer heat budget analysis shows that the stronger zonal advective and thermocline feedbacks associated with the NPMM contribute to ENSO onset in PD2. At the same time, subsurface ocean temperature evolution induced by the trade wind charging mechanism in the equatorial Pacific associated with NPMM in PD2 is more significant than that in PD1, which is responsible for the better relation between NPMM and ENSO in PD2. Moreover, we infer that the relationship between NPMM/SPMM and ENSO are influenced by the interdecadal change of mean thermocline depth over equatorial Pacific.
Seasonality of parasitic and saprotrophic zoosporic fungi: linking sequence data to ecological traits
Authors: Van den Wyngaert Silke , Ganzert Lars , Seto Kensuke , Rojas-Jimenez Keilor , Agha Ramsy , Berger Stella A , Woodhouse Jason , Padisak Judit , Wurzbacher Christian , Kagami Maiko , Grossart Hans-Peter
Published: June 2022

Zoosporic fungi of the phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids) regularly dominate pelagic fungal communities in freshwater and marine environments. Their lifestyles range from obligate parasites to saprophytes. Yet, linking the scarce available sequence data to specific ecological traits or their host ranges constitutes currently a major challenge. We combined 28 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with targeted isolation and sequencing approaches, along with cross-infection assays and analysis of chytrid infection prevalence to obtain new insights into chytrid diversity, ecology, and seasonal dynamics in a temperate lake. Parasitic phytoplankton-chytrid and saprotrophic pollen-chytrid interactions made up the majority of zoosporic fungal reads. We explicitly demonstrate the recurrent dominance of parasitic chytrids during frequent diatom blooms and saprotrophic chytrids during pollen rains. Distinct temporal dynamics of diatom-specific parasitic clades suggest mechanisms of coexistence based on niche differentiation and competitive strategies. The molecular and ecological information on chytrids generated in this study will aid further exploration of their spatial and temporal distribution patterns worldwide. To fully exploit the power of environmental sequencing for studies on chytrid ecology and evolution, we emphasize the need to intensify current isolation efforts of chytrids and integrate taxonomic and autecological data into long-term studies and experiments.
Liver glycogen phosphorylase is upregulated in glioblastoma and provides a metabolic vulnerability to high dose radiation
Authors: Zois Christos E. , Hendriks Anne M. , Haider Syed , Pires Elisabete , Bridges Esther , Kalamida Dimitra , Voukantsis Dimitrios , Lagerholm B. Christoffer , Fehrmann Rudolf S. N. , den Dunnen Wilfred F. A. , Tarasov Andrei I. , Baba Otto , Morris John , Buffa Francesca M. , McCullagh James S. O. , Jalving Mathilde , Harris Adrian L.
Published: June 2022

Channelling of glucose via glycogen, known as the glycogen shunt, may play an important role in the metabolism of brain tumours, especially in hypoxic conditions. We aimed to dissect the role of glycogen degradation in glioblastoma (GBM) response to ionising radiation (IR). Knockdown of the glycogen phosphorylase liver isoform (PYGL), but not the brain isoform (PYGB), decreased clonogenic growth and survival of GBM cell lines and sensitised them to IR doses of 10–12 Gy. Two to five days after IR exposure of PYGL knockdown GBM cells, mitotic catastrophy and a giant multinucleated cell morphology with senescence-like phenotype developed. The basal levels of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-acid glucosidase (GAA), essential for autolysosomal glycogen degradation, and the lipidated forms of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like (GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2) increased in shPYGL U87MG cells, suggesting a compensatory mechanism of glycogen degradation. In response to IR, dysregulation of autophagy was shown by accumulation of the p62 and the lipidated form of GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2 in shPYGL U87MG cells. IR increased the mitochondrial mass and the colocalisation of mitochondria with lysosomes in shPYGL cells, thereby indicating reduced mitophagy. These changes coincided with increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, slower ATP generation in response to glucose loading and progressive loss of oxidative phosphorylation. The resulting metabolic deficiencies affected the availability of ATP required for mitosis, resulting in the mitotic catastrophy observed in shPYGL cells following IR. PYGL mRNA and protein levels were higher in human GBM than in normal human brain tissues and high PYGL mRNA expression in GBM correlated with poor patient survival. In conclusion, we show a major new role for glycogen metabolism in GBM cancer. Inhibition of glycogen degradation sensitises GBM cells to high-dose IR indicating that PYGL is a potential novel target for the treatment of GBMs.
Can the MOLES acronym and scoring system improve the management of patients with melanocytic choroidal tumours?
Authors: Damato Bertil E.
Published: June 2022

It can be difficult for practitioners to determine the likelihood of malignancy in melanocytic choroidal tumours. This author has therefore devised the MOLES acronym to highlight the most informative clinical features, which comprise mushroom shape, orange pigment, large size, enlargement, and subretinal fluid. Each of these is scored 0 if absent, 1 if subtle or uncertain, and 2 if present. Tumours are categorised as ‘common naevus’, ‘low-risk naevus’, ‘high-risk naevus’ and ‘probable melanoma’ according to whether the sum of these five scores is 0, 1, 2 or 3 or more, respectively. Tentative recommendations, subject to future studies, include: review of ‘common naevi’ by a community optometrist whenever the patient attends for another reason, such as a two-yearly ‘check-up’ (i.e., ‘self-care’); non-urgent referral of patients with ‘low-risk naevi’ or ‘high-risk naevi’ to an ophthalmologist to plan long-term surveillance (i.e., determining the frequency of assessments and whether these should be undertaken by an ophthalmologist or a community optometrist); and urgent referral of patients with a MOLES score >2 (i.e., ‘probable melanoma’) to an ophthalmologist for immediate referral to an ocular oncologist if a suspicion of malignancy is confirmed. The MOLES system does not require assessment of internal acoustic reflectivity by ultrasonography. MOLES scores correlate well with diagnosis of choroidal naevi and melanomas by ocular oncologists; however, further evaluation of this aid in routine optometric practice and other situations is needed. MOLES should prevent unnecessary referral of patients with naevi for second opinion and non-essential monitoring of these patients at hospital eye services.
Variation in mitochondrial DNA affects locomotor activity and sleep in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Anderson Lucy , Camus M. Florencia , Monteith Katy M. , Salminen Tiina S. , Vale Pedro F.
Published: June 2022

Mitochondria are organelles that produce cellular energy in the form of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, and this primary function is conserved among many taxa. Locomotion is a trait that is highly reliant on metabolic function and expected to be greatly affected by disruptions to mitochondrial performance. To this end, we aimed to examine how activity and sleep vary between Drosophila melanogaster strains with different geographic origins, how these patterns are affected by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation, and how breaking up co-evolved mito-nuclear gene combinations affect the studied activity traits. Our results demonstrate that Drosophila strains from different locations differ in sleep and activity, and that females are generally more active than males. By comparing activity and sleep of mtDNA variants introgressed onto a common nuclear background in cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) strains, we were able to quantify the among-line variance attributable to mitochondrial DNA, and we establish that mtDNA variation affects both activity and sleep, in a sex-specific manner. Altogether our study highlights the important role that mitochondrial genome variation plays on organismal physiology and behaviour.
BIGDML—Towards accurate quantum machine learning force fields for materials
Authors: Sauceda Huziel E. , Gálvez-González Luis E. , Chmiela Stefan , Paz-Borbón Lauro Oliver , Müller Klaus-Robert , Tkatchenko Alexandre
Published: June 2022

Machine-learning force fields (MLFF) should be accurate, computationally and data efficient, and applicable to molecules, materials, and interfaces thereof. Currently, MLFFs often introduce tradeoffs that restrict their practical applicability to small subsets of chemical space or require exhaustive datasets for training. Here, we introduce the Bravais-Inspired Gradient-Domain Machine Learning (BIGDML) approach and demonstrate its ability to construct reliable force fields using a training set with just 10–200 geometries for materials including pristine and defect-containing 2D and 3D semiconductors and metals, as well as chemisorbed and physisorbed atomic and molecular adsorbates on surfaces. The BIGDML model employs the full relevant symmetry group for a given material, does not assume artificial atom types or localization of atomic interactions and exhibits high data efficiency and state-of-the-art energy accuracies (errors substantially below 1 meV per atom) for an extended set of materials. Extensive path-integral molecular dynamics carried out with BIGDML models demonstrate the counterintuitive localization of benzene–graphene dynamics induced by nuclear quantum effects and their strong contributions to the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in a Pd crystal for a wide range of temperatures.
Vertex protein PduN tunes encapsulated pathway performance by dictating bacterial metabolosome morphology
Authors: Mills Carolyn E. , Waltmann Curt , Archer Andre G. , Kennedy Nolan W. , Abrahamson Charlotte H. , Jackson Alexander D. , Roth Eric W. , Shirman Sasha , Jewett Michael C. , Mangan Niall M. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Tullman-Ercek Danielle
Published: June 2022

Engineering subcellular organization in microbes shows great promise in addressing bottlenecks in metabolic engineering efforts; however, rules guiding selection of an organization strategy or platform are lacking. Here, we study compartment morphology as a factor in mediating encapsulated pathway performance. Using the 1,2-propanediol utilization microcompartment (Pdu MCP) system from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, we find that we can shift the morphology of this protein nanoreactor from polyhedral to tubular by removing vertex protein PduN. Analysis of the metabolic function between these Pdu microtubes (MTs) shows that they provide a diffusional barrier capable of shielding the cytosol from a toxic pathway intermediate, similar to native MCPs. However, kinetic modeling suggests that the different surface area to volume ratios of MCP and MT structures alters encapsulated pathway performance. Finally, we report a microscopy-based assay that permits rapid assessment of Pdu MT formation to enable future engineering efforts on these structures.
Heat-fueled enzymatic cascade for selective oxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons
Authors: Yoon Jaeho , Jang Hanhwi , Oh Min-Wook , Hilberath Thomas , Hollmann Frank , Jung Yeon Sik , Park Chan Beum
Published: June 2022

Heat is a fundamental feedstock, where more than 80% of global energy comes from fossil-based heating process. However, it is mostly wasted due to a lack of proper techniques of utilizing the low-quality waste heat (<100 °C). Here we report thermoelectrobiocatalytic chemical conversion systems for heat-fueled, enzyme-catalyzed oxyfunctionalization reactions. Thermoelectric bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) directly converts low-temperature waste heat into chemical energy in the form of H2O2 near room temperature. The streamlined reaction scheme (e.g., water, heat, enzyme, and thermoelectric material) promotes enantio- and chemo-selective hydroxylation and epoxidation of representative substrates (e.g., ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, tetralin, cyclohexane, cis-β-methylstyrene), achieving a maximum total turnover number of rAaeUPO (TTNrAaeUPO) over 32000. Direct conversion of vehicle exhaust heat into the enantiopure enzymatic product with a rate of 231.4 μM h−1 during urban driving envisions the practical feasibility of thermoelectrobiocatalysis.
Light-intensity-dependent photoresponse time of organic photodetectors and its molecular origin
Authors: Labanti Chiara , Wu Jiaying , Shin Jisoo , Limbu Saurav , Yun Sungyoung , Fang Feifei , Park Song Yi , Heo Chul-Joon , Lim Younhee , Choi Taejin , Kim Hyeong-Ju , Hong Hyerim , Choi Byoungki , Park Kyung-Bae , Durrant James R. , Kim Ji-Seon
Published: June 2022

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) exhibit superior spectral responses but slower photoresponse times compared to inorganic counterparts. Herein, we study the light-intensity-dependent OPD photoresponse time with two small-molecule donors (planar MPTA or twisted NP-SA) co-evaporated with C60 acceptors. MPTA:C60 exhibits the fastest response time at high-light intensities (>0.5 mW/cm2), attributed to its planar structure favoring strong intermolecular interactions. However, this blend exhibits the slowest response at low-light intensities, which is correlated with biphasic photocurrent transients indicative of the presence of a low density of deep trap states. Optical, structural, and energetical analyses indicate that MPTA molecular packing is strongly disrupted by C60, resulting in a larger (370 meV) HOMO level shift. This results in greater energetic inhomogeneity including possible MPTA-C60 adduct formation, leading to deep trap states which limit the low-light photoresponse time. This work provides important insights into the small molecule design rules critical for low charge-trapping and high-speed OPD applications.
The genetic architecture of pneumonia susceptibility implicates mucin biology and a relationship with psychiatric illness
Authors: Reay William R. , Geaghan Michael P. ,   23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Alipanahi Babak , Bell Robert K. , Bryc Katarzyna , Elson Sarah L. , Fontanillas Pierre , Furlotte Nicholas A. , Hicks Barry , Hinds David A. , Huber Karen E. , Jewett Ethan M. , Jiang Yunxuan , Kleinman Aaron , Lin Keng-Han , Litterman Nadia K. , McCreight Jey C. , McIntyre Matthew H. , McManus Kimberly F. , Mountain Joanna L. , Noblin Elizabeth S. , Northover Carrie A. M. , Pitts Steven J. , Poznik G. David , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah , Shelton Janie F. , Shringarpure Suyash , Tian Chao , Tung Joyce Y. , Vacic Vladimir , Wang Xin , Wilson Catherine H. , Cairns Murray J.
Published: June 2022

Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In this study, we use genome-wide meta-analysis of lifetime pneumonia diagnosis (N = 391,044) to identify four association signals outside of the previously implicated major histocompatibility complex region. Integrative analyses and finemapping of these signals support clinically tractable targets, including the mucin MUC5AC and tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member TNFRSF1A. Moreover, we demonstrate widespread evidence of genetic overlap with pneumonia susceptibility across the human phenome, including particularly significant correlations with psychiatric phenotypes that remain significant after testing differing phenotype definitions for pneumonia or genetically conditioning on smoking behaviour. Finally, we show how polygenic risk could be utilised for precision treatment formulation or drug repurposing through pneumonia risk scores constructed using variants mapped to pathways with known drug targets. In summary, we provide insights into the genetic architecture of pneumonia susceptibility and genetics informed targets for drug development or repositioning.
TPGS-based and S-thanatin functionalized nanorods for overcoming drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Xu Xiaoling , Zhang Shaojun , Chen Na , Sun Yunfeng , Ma Kuifen , Hong Dongsheng , Li Lu , Du Yongzhong , Lu Xiaoyang , Jiang Saiping
Published: June 2022

Tigecycline is regarded as the last line of defense to combat multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, increasing utilization has led to rising drug resistance and treatment failure. Here, we design a D-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate-modified and S-thanatin peptide-functionalized nanorods based on calcium phosphate nanoparticles for tigecycline delivery and pneumonia therapy caused by tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. After incubation with bacteria, the fabricated nanorods can enhance tigecycline accumulation in bacteria via the inhibitory effect on efflux pumps exerted by D-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate and the targeting capacity of S-thanatin to bacteria. The synergistic antibacterial capacity between S-thanatin and tigecycline further enhances the antibacterial activity of nanorods, thus overcoming the tigecycline resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae. After intravenous injection, nanorods significantly reduces the counts of white blood cells and neutrophils, decreases bacterial colonies, and ameliorates neutrophil infiltration events, thereby largely increasing the survival rate of mice with pneumonia. These findings may provide a therapeutic strategy for infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
CD8+T cell responsiveness to anti-PD-1 is epigenetically regulated by Suv39h1 in melanomas
Authors: Niborski Leticia Laura , Gueguen Paul , Ye Mengliang , Thiolat Allan , Ramos Rodrigo Nalio , Caudana Pamela , Denizeau Jordan , Colombeau Ludovic , Rodriguez Raphaël , Goudot Christel , Luccarini Jean-Michel , Soudé Anne , Bournique Bruno , Broqua Pierre , Pace Luigia , Baulande Sylvain , Sedlik Christine , Quivy Jean-Pierre , Almouzni Geneviève , Cohen José L. , Zueva Elina , Waterfall Joshua J. , Amigorena Sebastian , Piaggio Eliane
Published: June 2022

Tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells progressively lose functionality and fail to reject tumors. The underlying mechanism and re-programing induced by checkpoint blockers are incompletely understood. We show here that genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of histone lysine methyltransferase Suv39h1 delays tumor growth and potentiates tumor rejection by anti-PD-1. In the absence of Suv39h1, anti-PD-1 induces alternative activation pathways allowing survival and differentiation of IFNγ and Granzyme B producing effector cells that express negative checkpoint molecules, but do not reach final exhaustion. Their transcriptional program correlates with that of melanoma patients responding to immune-checkpoint blockade and identifies the emergence of cytolytic-effector tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a biomarker of clinical response. Anti-PD-1 favors chromatin opening in loci linked to T-cell activation, memory and pluripotency, but in the absence of Suv39h1, cells acquire accessibility in cytolytic effector loci. Overall, Suv39h1 inhibition enhances anti-tumor immune responses, alone or combined with anti-PD-1, suggesting that Suv39h1 is an “epigenetic checkpoint” for tumor immunity.
Towards the future exploration of mucosal mRNA vaccines against emerging viral diseases; lessons from existing next-generation mucosal vaccine strategies
Authors: Hameed Sodiq A. , Paul Stephane , Dellosa Giann Kerwin Y. , Jaraquemada Dolores , Bello Muhammad Bashir
Published: June 2022

The mRNA vaccine platform has offered the greatest potential in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic owing to rapid development, effectiveness, and scalability to meet the global demand. There are many other mRNA vaccines currently being developed against different emerging viral diseases. As with the current COVID-19 vaccines, these mRNA-based vaccine candidates are being developed for parenteral administration via injections. However, most of the emerging viruses colonize the mucosal surfaces prior to systemic infection making it very crucial to target mucosal immunity. Although parenterally administered vaccines would induce a robust systemic immunity, they often provoke a weak mucosal immunity which may not be effective in preventing mucosal infection. In contrast, mucosal administration potentially offers the dual benefit of inducing potent mucosal and systemic immunity which would be more effective in offering protection against mucosal viral infection. There are however many challenges posed by the mucosal environment which impede successful mucosal vaccination. The development of an effective delivery system remains a major challenge to the successful exploitation of mucosal mRNA vaccination. Nonetheless, a number of delivery vehicles have been experimentally harnessed with different degrees of success in the mucosal delivery of mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines and summarise their application in the fight against emerging viral diseases with particular emphasis on COVID-19 mRNA platforms. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects and challenges of mucosal administration of mRNA-based vaccines, and we explore the existing experimental studies on mucosal mRNA vaccine delivery.
The C3d-fused foot-and-mouth disease vaccine platform overcomes maternally-derived antibody interference by inducing a potent adaptive immunity
Authors: Lee Min Ja , Kim Hyun Mi , Shin Sehee , Jo Hyundong , Park So Hui , Kim Su-Mi , Park Jong-Hyeon
Published: June 2022

Vaccination prevents and controls foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, the current FMD vaccine remains disadvantageous since it cannot overcome maternally-derived antibody (MDA) interference in weeks-old animals, which suppress active immunity via vaccination. To address this, we developed the immune-enhancing O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d FMD vaccine strains that can stimulate receptors on the surface of B cells by inserting C3d (a B cell epitope) into the VP1 region of O PA2 (FMDV type O) and A22 (FMDV type A). We purified inactivated viral antigens from these vaccine strains and evaluated their immunogenicity and host defense against FMDV infection in mice. We also verified its efficacy in inducing an adaptive immune response and overcome MDA interference in MDA-positive (MDA(+), FMD-seropositive) and -negative (MDA(−), FMD-seronegative) pigs. These results suggest a key strategy for establishing novel FMD vaccine platform to overcome MDA interference and induce a robust adaptive immune response.
Pandemic-proof recruitment and engagement in a fully decentralized trial in atrial fibrillation patients (DeTAP)
Authors: Sarraju Ashish , Seninger Clark , Parameswaran Vijaya , Petlura Christina , Bazouzi Tamara , Josan Kiranbir , Grewal Upinder , Viethen Thomas , Mundl Hardi , Luithle Joachim , Basobas Leonard , Touros Alexis , Senior Michael J. T. , De Lombaert Koen , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Turakhia Mintu P. , Dash Rajesh
Published: June 2022

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic curtailed clinical trial activity. Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) can expand trial access and reduce exposure risk but their feasibility remains uncertain. We evaluated DCT feasibility for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients on oral anticoagulation (OAC). DeTAP (Decentralized Trial in Afib Patients, NCT04471623) was a 6-month, single-arm, 100% virtual study of 100 AF patients on OAC aged >55 years, recruited traditionally and through social media. Participants enrolled and participated virtually using a mobile application and remote blood pressure (BP) and six-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors. Four engagement-based primary endpoints included changes in pre- versus end-of-study OAC adherence (OACA), and % completion of televisits, surveys, and ECG and BP measurements. Secondary endpoints included survey-based nuisance bleeding and patient feedback. 100 subjects (mean age 70 years, 44% women, 90% White) were recruited in 28 days (traditional: 6 pts; social media: 94 pts in 12 days with >300 waitlisted). Study engagement was high: 91% televisits, 85% surveys, and 99% ECG and 99% BP measurement completion. OACA was unchanged at 6 months (baseline: 97 ± 9%, 6 months: 96 ± 15%, p = 0.39). In patients with low baseline OACA (<90%), there was significant 6-month improvement (85 ± 16% to 96 ± 6%, p < 0.01). 86% of respondents (69/80) expressed willingness to continue in a longer trial. The DeTAP study demonstrated rapid recruitment, high engagement, and physiologic reporting via the integration of digital technologies and dedicated study coordination. These findings may inform DCT designs for future cardiovascular trials.
Squaraine probes for the bimodal staining of lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum imaging in live cells
Authors: Ferdinandus  , Tan Jie Ren , Lim Jin Heng , Arai Satoshi , Sou Keitaro , Lee Chi-Lik Ken
Published: June 2022

We report the synthesis of a library of asymmetric squaraines and their application as superior bimodal “on-demand” fluorescence probes for lipid drolet and endoplasmic reticulum in cancer cells.
A terpyridine based hydrogel system for reversible transmissive-to-dark electrochromism and bright-to-quenched electrofluorochromism
Authors: Halder Sayan , Roy Susmita , Dixit Mudit , Chakraborty Chanchal
Published: June 2022

A terpyridine-based hyrdogelator (TPPCA) with reducible pyridine ring is used as all-in-one hydrogel electrochrome for electrochromic displays (ECDs) for reversible transparent-to-dark electrochromism and bright-to-quenched electrofluorochromism.
The evolution of paramagnetic NMR as a tool in structural biology
Authors: Ravera Enrico , Gigli Lucia , Fiorucci Letizia , Luchinat Claudio , Parigi Giacomo
Published: June 2022

Paramagnetic NMR observables provide accurate long-range structural information and act as a loupe on the metal coordination site.
New alkaline-earth amidosulfates and their unexpected decomposition to S4N4
Authors: Gross Peter , Zhang Yue , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Winkler Björn , Höppe Henning A.
Published: June 2022

Alkaline-earth amidosulphates and their hydrates provide not only a fascinatingly rich crystal chemistry but also an unprecedented and straightforward synthetic approach to sulphur nitride, i.e. S4N4.
Low-cost solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy insecurity for 145 countries
Authors: Jacobson Mark Z. , von Krauland Anna-Katharina , Coughlin Stephen J. , Dukas Emily , Nelson Alexander J. H. , Palmer Frances C. , Rasmussen Kylie R.
Published: June 2022

Timeline to transition 145 countries to 100% wind-water-solar by 2035, with 80% by 2030.
A robust starch–polyacrylamide hydrogel with scavenging energy harvesting capacity for efficient solar thermoelectricity–freshwater cogeneration
Authors: Mu Xiaojiang , Zhou Jianhua , Wang Pengfei , Chen Huan , Yang Tingting , Chen Siyi , Miao Lei , Mori Takao
Published: June 2022

An effective thermoelectricity–freshwater cogenerator using solar energy and scavenging energy has been proposed as a promising solution to water scarcity and electricity shortage.
Eicosapentaenoic acid is associated with the attenuation of dysfunctions of mesenchymal stem cells in the abdominal aortic aneurysm wall
Authors: Kugo Hirona , Enomoto Hirofumi , Yanagimoto Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroki , Moriyama Tatsuya , Zaima Nobuhiro
Published: June 2022

The distribution of eicosapentaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine was similar to that of mesenchymal stem cells markers in the abdominal aortic aneurysm wall.
Surprisingly fast assembly of the MOF film for synergetic antibacterial phototherapeutics
Authors: Gao Jie , Hao Lingwan , Jiang Rujian , Liu Zhuo , Tian Limei , Zhao Jie , Ming Weihua , Ren Luquan
Published: June 2022

A concept of developing a MOF film-based synergetic PTT/PDT antibacterial surface, through a sustainable and surprisingly fast chelation-induced self-assembly.
Ionically conducting inorganic binders: a paradigm shift in electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Trivedi Shivam , Pamidi Venkat , Fichtner Maximilian , Anji Reddy M.
Published: June 2022

We reveal the potential of several ionically conducting inorganic binders (ICIBs). These ICIBs are not only ionically conducting, but they are also water processable, chemically compatible, eco-friendly, low-cost, thermally stable & emission-free.
Design of carbon–ceramic composite membranes with tunable molecular cut-offs from a carboxylic benzoxazine ligand chelated to silica–zirconia
Authors: Lawal Sulaiman Oladipo , Nagasawa Hiroki , Tsuru Toshinori , Kanezashi Masakoto
Published: June 2022

This study presents a concept that focuses on the structure design of preceramic resin precursors by the sol–gel method for fabricating carbon–ceramic molecular sieving membranes.
A novel multilayer thin-film membrane with high durability: preparation, characterization, performance investigation
Authors: Ahmadi B. , Seyed Dorrji M. S. , Kianfar M. , Rasoulifard M. H. , Ahmadi A.
Published: June 2022

The main aim of this research is the improvement of the performance in desalination of polyamide (PA) thin film composite nanofiltration membranes by modification of nanofibrous polyvinylidene fluoride as a support layer.
Ruthenium(ii)-catalysed direct synthesis of mono-allylation products of 1,3-diketones from cinnamyl alcohols
Authors: Jena Rajesh K. , Samanta Mahesh , Sau Mohan C. , Panda Sonali , Patra Braja N. , Bhattacharjee Manish
Published: June 2022

The complex, [Ru(p-cymene)(dppe)Cl]PF6·C7H8 is an efficient catalyst for the direct carbon–carbon bond formation reactions to form enantio- and regioselective mono-allylation products of diketones by cinnamyl alcohol with high yield.
Zr-based metal organic framework nanoparticles coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer for trace diazinon surface enhanced Raman scattering analysis
Authors: Wan Tiantian , Zhu Luna , Zhang Zulei , Wang Hailong , Yang Yiwen , Ye Hongying , Wang Hongmei , Li Lei , Li Jinchun
Published: June 2022

The MOFs–MIPs showed good accessibility and displayed good affinity and excellent rebinding capacity to diazinon.
Synthesis and application of near-infrared dyes based on sulfur-substituted dicyanomethylene-4H-chromene and diarylethene
Authors: Wang Yuesong , Yu Haoli , Chen Yan , Cui Mengyuan , Ji Min
Published: June 2022

Comparing the cellular activities of four nanomaterials, it was found that S-DCM-2O@PEG@PLL had lower biological toxicity.
Development of new lanthanide(iii) ion-based magnetic affinity materials for phosphopeptide enrichment
Authors: Gök Vahit , Topel Önder , Aksu Sevil
Published: June 2022

A new lanthanide(iii) ion-based magnetic IMAC material has promising rapid and selective enrichment potential for both monophosphorylated and multiphosphorylated peptides.
Investigating the adsorption behavior of functional biochar-based porous composite for efficiently removing Cu(ii) in aqueous solution
Authors: Li Jing , Li Keran , Yan Jikang , Zhou Taigang
Published: June 2022

Functional biochar-based porous EDTA-BIOC hydrogel was synthesized by a simple method, which could excellently adsorb Cu(ii).
Integration of on-chip perovskite nanocrystal laser and long-range surface plasmon polariton waveguide with etching-free process
Authors: Lin Hsin-Chang , Lee Yang-Chun , Lin Cheng-Chieh , Ho Ya-Lun , Xing Di , Chen Mu-Hsin , Lin Bo-Wei , Chen Li-Yin , Chen Chun-Wei , Delaunay Jean-Jacques
Published: June 2022

The coupling of on-chip perovskite nanocrystal lasers and the long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) waveguides is demonstrated with an etching-free lithographic patterning technique.
Determination of intrinsic defects of functional KDP crystals with flawed surfaces and their effect on the optical properties
Authors: Ding Wenyu , Cheng Jian , Zhao Linjie , Wang Zhenhua , Yang Hao , Liu Zhichao , Xu Qiao , Wang Jian , Geng Feng , Chen Mingjun
Published: June 2022

Intrinsic defects introduced by manufacturing-induced lateral cracks have a great influence on the laser damage of KDP crystals. VO defects reduce the laser-induced damage threshold and VH defects exacerbate the damage growth under laser irradiation.
Sperm-like nanocarriers for ultrafast delivery of antisense DNA
Authors: Tang Xiaochen , Chen Tianshu , Chen Huinan , Yu Sinuo , Cao Siyu , Liu Chenbin , Ma Yonggeng , Sun Fenyong , Pan Qiuhui , Zhu Xiaoli
Published: June 2022

The nano-sperm is developed for ultrafast delivery of antisense DNA into cancer cells. Carried by silver nanoclusters at the “head”, antisense DNA as the cargo at the “tail” can be transported into cells rapidly, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation.
Surface potential-determined performance of Ti3C2T2 (T = O, F, OH) and Zr3C2T2 (T = O, F, OH, S) MXenes as anode materials of sodium ion batteries
Authors: Zha Xian-Hu , Ma Xiufang , Luo Jing-Ting , Fu Chen
Published: June 2022

Performances of MXenes as anode materials are dependent on the size and fluctuation amplitude of the surface potential.
Porous spinel-type transition metal oxide nanostructures as emergent electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: K. Lebechi Augustus , Ipadeola Adewale K. , Eid Kamel , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Ozoemena Kenneth I.
Published: June 2022

This review emphasizes the rational synthesis of porous spinel-type transition metal oxide nanostructures for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions in various electrolytes.