bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of cultural settings on sustainability narratives: an explorative study with the Indian diaspora
Authors: Speidel Claudia
Published: August 2024

Achieving sustainable futures is complicated by the diverse understandings and prioritisations of sustainability issues and practices. A reason for the lack of common ground is the fact that sustainability is a global project which is primarily driven by the North, rather than one that consistently integrates local and cultural diversity. Research has shown that sustainability expectancies of Southern civic society are lacking in the considerations of crucial sustainability frameworks. This investigation focuses on the expectancies of a community with Southern cultural origins and identities—the Indian diaspora in Australia. The unique bicultural positioning of diasporas and their growing influence on the cultural scaffolds of societies, make their assessment of sustainability distinctly relevant and insightful. The objective of this qualitative inquiry was to explore the Australian Indian diaspora’s understanding of sustainability, their prioritisation of diverse sustainability concerns, and the cultural underpinnings of these perceptions and preferences. Seven focus groups including components of the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique and personal storytelling, were conducted in Sydney, Australia from September to October 2022. This study demonstrates that two distinct sustainability narratives direct the meaning of sustainability—one has a global application and environmental focus, the other a localised Southern application and social focus. Cultural context is critical in directing the adoption of either narrative by mobilising relevant cultural social identities and promoting their resonance. Education emerges as a strategy to reframe the sustainability narrative and create a more balanced sustainability discourse.
Altered expression and localization of nuclear envelope proteins in a prostate cancer cell system
Authors: Sandoval Ariana , Garrido Efrain , Camacho Javier , Magaña Jonathan Javier , Cisneros Bulmaro
Published: August 2024

Background

The nuclear envelope (NE), which is composed of the outer and inner nuclear membranes, the nuclear pore complex and the nuclear lamina, regulates a plethora of cellular processes, including those that restrict cancer development (genomic stability, cell cycle regulation, and cell migration). Thus, impaired NE is functionally related to tumorigenesis, and monitoring of NE alterations is used to diagnose cancer. However, the chronology of NE changes occurring during cancer evolution and the connection between them remained to be precisely defined, due to the lack of appropriate cell models.

Methods

The expression and subcellular localization of NE proteins (lamins A/C and B1 and the inner nuclear membrane proteins emerin and β-dystroglycan [β-DG]) during prostate cancer progression were analyzed, using confocal microscopy and western blot assays, and a prostate cancer cell system comprising RWPE-1 epithelial prostate cells and several prostate cancer cell lines with different invasiveness.

Results

Deformed nuclei and the mislocalization and low expression of lamin A/C, lamin B1, and emerin became more prominent as the invasiveness of the prostate cancer lines increased. Suppression of lamin A/C expression was an early event during prostate cancer evolution, while a more extensive deregulation of NE proteins, including β-DG, occurred in metastatic prostate cells.

Conclusions

The RWPE-1 cell line-based system was found to be suitable for the correlation of NE impairment with prostate cancer invasiveness and determination of the chronology of NE alterations during prostate carcinogenesis. Further study of this cell system would help to identify biomarkers for prostate cancer prognosis and diagnosis.
Factors Associated with the Joint Physical Custody of European Children
Authors: Salin Milla , Meyer Daniel R. , Hakovirta Mia , Lindroos Eija
Published: August 2024

Understanding patterns of children’s living arrangements (physical custody) in separated families and the factors related to joint physical custody are crucial as custody patterns have significant implications for the well-being of children and parents. In this study we use the 2021 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Survey (EU-SILC) to provide new evidence of children’s post-separation living arrangements in Europe. Our sample (n = 7,461) is restricted to children of separated or divorced parents residing in their mother’s household and having another parent residing outside of the household. We analyze both the individual-level socioeconomic, family-and child-related characteristics, and country-level variables to explain variation in children’s joint physical custody arrangements. We find that joint physical custody is higher among boys and children in the age groups 6–10 and 11–15. We also find that children with more socioeconomically advantaged mothers (higher education, employed, higher income, homeowners) are more likely to have joint physical custody. Importantly, controlling for individual-level characteristics, both the legal and the gender equality context shape the prevalence of joint physical custody, suggesting that country-level policies and norms may be important.
Place Generator and Place Interpreter: a new methodology to collect data on regular mobility patterns
Authors: Gramsch-Calvo Benjamin , Axhausen Kay W.
Published: August 2024

When observing the temporal trajectory of an individual, there is a high probability of them visiting an already-known place due to habit and routine in human mobility behavior. To collect data and understand these routine activities, we propose the Place Generator and the Place Interpreter, a survey adapted from the Name Generator and Name Interpreter methodology of social network studies for travel behavior. In the survey, we asked the participants to name the venues they regularly visit for leisure by category. This methodology captures the characteristics of the venues and the reasons to be chosen. We tested this method in the Zurich Metropolitan Area in Switzerland, focusing on leisure activities and the social environment of the venues. Hence, we ask the individuals to describe the reasons for choosing that specific location and the sociodemographic characteristics of the other visitors. This methodology worked well when compared with earlier long-duration GPS tracking surveys. Respondents report, on average, 9.85 locations for nine types of venues, mainly supermarkets and restaurants or cafes, and respondents can describe their similarities with other visitors to that location. The survey is complemented with a survey of sociodemographic characteristics and the respondent’s ego-centric social network to get information on social connections and their impact on leisure activity.
Characterization of the Surfaces and Near-Surface Atmospheres of Ganymede, Europa and Callisto by JUICE
Authors: Tosi Federico , Roatsch Thomas , Galli André , Hauber Ernst , Lucchetti Alice , Molyneux Philippa , Stephan Katrin , Achilleos Nicholas , Bovolo Francesca , Carter John , Cavalié Thibault , Cimò Giuseppe , D’Aversa Emiliano , Gwinner Klaus , Hartogh Paul , Huybrighs Hans , Langevin Yves , Lellouch Emmanuel , Migliorini Alessandra , Palumbo Pasquale , Piccioni Giuseppe , Plaut Jeffrey J. , Postberg Frank , Poulet François , Retherford Kurt , Rezac Ladislav , Roth Lorenz , Solomonidou Anezina , Tobie Gabriel , Tortora Paolo , Tubiana Cecilia , Wagner Roland , Wirström Eva , Wurz Peter , Zambon Francesca , Zannoni Marco , Barabash Stas , Bruzzone Lorenzo , Dougherty Michele , Gladstone Randy , Gurvits Leonid I. , Hussmann Hauke , Iess Luciano , Wahlund Jan-Erik , Witasse Olivier , Vallat Claire , Lorente Rosario
Published: August 2024

We present the state of the art on the study of surfaces and tenuous atmospheres of the icy Galilean satellites Ganymede, Europa and Callisto, from past and ongoing space exploration conducted with several spacecraft to recent telescopic observations, and we show how the ESA JUICE mission plans to explore these surfaces and atmospheres in detail with its scientific payload. The surface geology of the moons is the main evidence of their evolution and reflects the internal heating provided by tidal interactions. Surface composition is the result of endogenous and exogenous processes, with the former providing valuable information about the potential composition of shallow subsurface liquid pockets, possibly connected to deeper oceans. Finally, the icy Galilean moons have tenuous atmospheres that arise from charged particle sputtering affecting their surfaces. In the case of Europa, plumes of water vapour have also been reported, whose phenomenology at present is poorly understood and requires future close exploration. In the three main sections of the article, we discuss these topics, highlighting the key scientific objectives and investigations to be achieved by JUICE. Based on a recent predicted trajectory, we also show potential coverage maps and other examples of reference measurements. The scientific discussion and observation planning presented here are the outcome of the JUICE Working Group 2 (WG2): “Surfaces and Near-surface Exospheres of the Satellites, dust and rings”.
Assessment of metal(loid) and natural radionuclide pollution in surface sediments of an estuary affected by mining and phosphogypsum releases
Authors: Guerrero José Luis , Barba-Lobo Alejandro , Romero-Forte Carmen , Bolívar Juan Pedro
Published: August 2024

The prolonged impact over the Tinto River estuary by both the significant pollution by acid mine drainage (AMD) affecting this river and the polluted releases from phosphogypsum (PG) piles has led to the severe environmental degradation of this ecosystem. The aim of this work was to assess the current environmental quality of the Tinto River estuary through the study of the spatial distribution of metal(loid)s and natural radionuclides in the surface sediments from the channel edge. The sediments contain mean concentrations 5–20 times higher than the background values for pollutants such as Zn, As, Cu, Pb, or U, and up to two orders of magnitude higher for P. The studied sediments are heavily polluted by toxic heavy metals and metalloids (Pb, Zn, Cu, and As) according to the US EPA guidelines. Most of the analyzed sediment samples are also strongly polluted by long-lived natural radionuclides, mainly U-isotopes and 210Pb with concentrations up to one order of magnitude higher than unpolluted sediments, mostly due to the contribution by the PG leachates. The enrichment factors (EF) were extremely high (EF > 50) for As and very severe enrichment (25 ≤ EF < 50) for P, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb.
Impact of urban land use as public bath and park lawn compared to rural meadows on soil pH, compaction, and organic carbon and nitrogen content and stock, C/N ratio
Authors: Burghardt Wolfgang
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aim was to show the extent to which urban soils differ from rural ones. The main focus was the effect of lawn use compared to meadow on soil properties.

Material and methods

Study sites were a public bath lawn, near a children’s pool and football goal, differently frequented public park areas, and meadows inclusive of Colluvium. Undisturbed soils were sampled. The pH, bulk density, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) content were determined, the SOC density and SOC and N stocks, and C/N ratio were calculated.

Results and discussion

The pH of urban soils was variable and increased with depth. The meadow soil had very low pH values. The bulk density of urban soils showed the low compaction effect of older soil deposition techniques. Differences in soil bulk density occurred due to site use intensity. The top soil of the meadows had a very low bulk density due to its high soil organic matter content. In the subsoil it increased to low to moderate values. The SOC content and density differed between the types of lawn use and were not uniform. The meadow soils were more uniform. The N content varied not only on lawn sites but also in part between meadows.

Conclusion

Soil properties between urban lawn and rural meadow soils and within the groups of these soils differ due to the mode of deposition of soil substrates and the age of soils. Similar effects on soil properties exist, depending on soil use.
Silymarin ameliorates diazinon-induced subacute nephrotoxicity in rats via the Keap1–Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Fath Eman Mohamed , Bakery Hatem H. , EL-Shawarby Ragab M. , Abosalem Mohamed E. S. , Ibrahim Samar S. , Ebrahim Nesrine , Hegazy Ahmed Medhat
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The goal of the current study was to clarify the potential molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects of silymarin (SIL) administration against diazinon-induced subacute nephrotoxicity, with a special emphasis on the role of the Kelch-like-associated protein-1 (Keap1)–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)–heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in minimizing the oxidative stress induced by diazinon (DZN).

Methods

Five equal groups of thirty adult male Wistar rats were created at random. Group 1 (G1) was maintained under typical control conditions and administered saline intragastrically (I/G) once daily for 4 weeks; G2 was administered olive oil I/G for 4 weeks; G3 was I/G administered silymarin daily for 4 weeks; G4 was I/G administered diazinon daily for 4 weeks. G5 was I/G administered silymarin daily 1 h before the I/G administration of the diazinon for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for the determination of complete blood cell count, and kidney function tests. Kidney specimens were collected for the evaluation of the oxidative markers, mRNA gene expression, protein markers, and histopathological examination.

Results

SIL reduced the renal dysfunction caused by DZN by restoring urea and creatinine levels, as well as oxidative indicators. Although the expression of Keap-1 was also elevated, overexpression of Nrf2 also enhanced the expression of HO-1, a crucial target enzyme of Nrf2.

Conclusions

SIL is hypothesized to potentially aid in the prevention and management of nephrotoxicity caused by DZN.
Effects of Elevated Temperature on Agronomic, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Potato Genotypes: 1. Agronomic and Morphological traits
Authors: Naawe Eric Kuopuobe , Köken Ibrahim , Aytekin Ramazan Ilhan , Gleku Olivet Delasi , Çalişkan Sevgi , Çalişkan Mehmet Emin
Published: August 2024

Global elevated temperatures create uncertainties in crop yield production and sustainability, threatening potatoes’ food security and sustainability roles. This has been among the primary research concerns necessitating the need to evaluate potato genotypes’ response to elevated temperature under field conditions. This study assessed potato genotypes’ agronomic and morphological responses to elevated temperatures. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in the 2022 and 2023 cropping seasons in a split-plot design. Two heat treatments were applied; a control treatment in which the plants received the field temperature of the experimental station, and a heat treatment in which the plants received a temperature of + 6.0–10.0 °C depending on the date and time of day. The agronomic and morphological traits evaluated included tuber yield, mean tuber weight, days to emergence, plant height, number of stems per plant, days to physiological maturity, and tuber size distribution. The results showed significant (P < 0.01) variations in the potato genotypes in response to elevated temperature in all traits except days to emergence. Elevated temperature promoted plant height by 36.94%, and days to physiological maturity by 2.55%, while reducing the number of stems per plant by 11.77% and days to emergence by 2.31%. Furthermore, elevated temperature increased total tuber yield by 25.38%, the number of tubers per plant by 18.75%, mean tuber weight by 8.89%, third-class tuber size distribution by 25.95% and malformed tuber ratio by 1.98%, while decreasing first-class tuber size distribution by 10.11%, second-class size distribution by 1.70% and marketable tuber yield by 4.22%. The results of this study demonstrated the impact of heat stress on potato tuber yield and size distribution. The study showed that temperatures around 27.0 °C to 33.0 °C effectively promoted total tuber yield, number of tubers per plant and mean tuber weight; thus, an increase in temperature within the effective range of potato plants promoted yield and yield-related components. This study demonstrates that open-sided field chambers can be a screening tool for heat tolerance of potato genotypes under field conditions. Potato genotypes with less variation in the traits between the heat and control treatment demonstrate heat tolerance and could be used as selection markers for heat-tolerant genotypes.
Urban-rural differences in the desired number of children in Austria 1986–2021
Authors: Riederer Bernhard , Setz Ingrid , Buber-Ennser Isabella
Published: August 2024

This paper focuses on the development of urban-rural differences in the desired number of children in Austria over a 35-year period. Guided by the theory of the Second Demographic Transition, we analyse representative data from a special module added to the Austrian Microcensus/Labour Force Survey approximately every five years between 1986 and 2021. Our empirical analysis confirms urban-rural differences in the desired number of children. In addition, we find evidence of convergence, primarily driven by a decline in the desired number of children in rural regions. Our results further suggest that postponement of parenthood may have led to adaptive processes decisive for this decline. We show that changes in living arrangements, female education and employment have contributed to both developments of the desired number of children and urban-rural differences. Thus, our paper not only contributes to the understanding of how social change affects demographic behaviours, but also adds to the growing body of research demonstrating the continuing relevance of urban-rural differences for current debates about family change.
The Role of Preoperative Abdominal Ultrasound in the Preparation of Patients Undergoing Primary Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Machine Learning Algorithm on 4418 Patients’ Records
Authors: Hany Mohamed , Shafei Mohamed El , Ibrahim Mohamed , Agayby Ann Samy Shafiq , Abouelnasr Anwar Ashraf , Aboelsoud Moustafa R. , Elmongui Ehab , Torensma Bart
Published: August 2024

Background

The utility of preoperative abdominal ultrasonography (US) in evaluating patients with obesity before metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) remains ambiguously defined.

Method

Retrospective analysis whereby patients were classified into four groups based on ultrasound results. Group 1 had normal findings. Group 2 had non-significant findings that did not affect the planned procedure. Group 3 required additional or follow-up surgeries without changing the surgical plan. Group 4, impacting the procedure, needed further investigations and was subdivided into 4A, delaying surgery for more assessments, and 4B, altering or canceling the procedure due to critical findings. Machine learning techniques were utilized to identify variables.

Results

Four thousand four hundred eighteen patients’ records were analyzed. Group 1 was 45.7%. Group 2, 35.7%; Group 3, 17.0%; Group 4, 1.5%, Group 4A, 0.8%; and Group 4B, 0.7%, where surgeries were either canceled (0.3%) or postponed (0.4%). The hyperparameter tuning process identified a Decision Tree classifier with a maximum tree depth of 7 as the most effective model. The model demonstrated high effectiveness in identifying patients who would benefit from preoperative ultrasound before MBS, with training and testing accuracies of 0.983 and 0.985. It also showed high precision (0.954), recall (0.962), F1 score (0.958), and an AUC of 0.976.

Conclusion

Our study found that preoperative ultrasound demonstrated clinical utility for a subset of patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery. Specifically, 15.9% of the cohort benefited from the identification of chronic calculous cholecystitis, leading to concomitant cholecystectomy. Additionally, surgery was postponed in 1.4% of the cases due to other findings. While these findings indicate a potential benefit in certain cases, further research, including a cost–benefit analysis, is necessary to fully evaluate routine preoperative ultrasound’s overall utility and economic impact in this patient population.

Graphical Abstract
(Un)intended spillovers of green government policies: The case of plastic regulations
Authors: van Doorn Jenny , Risselada Hans , Rizio Stephanie M. , Ye Mengfei
Published: August 2024

Governments enact various regulations to decrease the use of plastic. This raises the question of whether the effectiveness of such measures is restricted to the realm of the plastic products being regulated, or whether and how it ‘spills over’ on to the use of other plastic products. Leveraging scanner and survey data across 22 countries, the authors show that a ban or a charge on plastic bags strengthens descriptive social norms to avoid plastic, which in turn curbs the purchasing and use of plastic bottles, as well as of other plastics. Yet there is also a dark side to charging consumers for plastic bags, as a negative cueing effect can lower concerns about plastic pollution and make consumers less vigilant about their use of other plastic products. Taken together, this research shows that government regulation aimed at changing small common behaviors potentially has a much larger impact via spillover effects.
Complexity of 2-Rainbow Total Domination Problem
Authors: Šumenjak Tadeja Kraner , Tepeh Aleksandra
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we extend the findings of recent studies on k-rainbow total domination by placing our focus on its computational complexity aspects. We show that the problem of determining whether a graph has a 2-rainbow total dominating function of a given weight is NP-complete. This complexity result holds even when restricted to planar graphs. Along the way tight bounds for the k-rainbow total domination number of rooted product graphs are established. In addition, we obtain the closed formula for the k-rainbow total domination number of the corona product $$G*H$$

G

∗
H

, provided that H has enough vertices.
Photoelastic measurements and evaluation methods for edge stress in architectural tempered glass
Authors: Efferz Lena , Schuler Christian , Siebert Geralt
Published: August 2024

The mechanical and safety-relevant properties of tempered architectural glass are tested using destructive bending strength and fracture pattern tests. The edge stress provides essential information on the quality of the tempering process and can, therefore, be used to ensure quality characteristics. The paper shows that the current valid evaluation method for edge stress, according to ASTM C 1279-09, is unsuitable for architectural glass. The chamfer which is required for tempered glass by the European standards for tempered glass prevents the direct measurement of retardation and edge stress. Therefore, an extrapolation of the retardation curve towards the edge is necessary. The paper compares fitting functions of different polynomial degrees to determine and assess the edge stress. The objective is to develop a proper evaluation method of edge stress for quality control in the latest inline measurement systems which can be applied to replace operator-dependent measuring devices. The study presents appropriate methods and evaluates them through experimental investigations using the phase shift technique and multiple wavelength photoelasticity.
Logarithmic refinements of a power weighted Hardy–Rellich-type inequality
Authors: Gesztesy Fritz , Pang Michael M. H. , Stanfill Jonathan
Published: August 2024

The principal purpose of this note is to prove a logarithmic refinement of the power weighted Hardy–Rellich inequality on n-dimensional balls, valid for the largest variety of underlying parameters and for all dimensions $$n \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

n
∈
N

, $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

.
A review on dynamic pharmacological potency and multifaceted biological activities of propolis
Authors: Bhatti Neelam , Hajam Younis Ahmad , Mushtaq Saresh , Kaur Lovepreet , Kumar Rajesh , Rai Seema
Published: August 2024

This review explores the therapeutic potential of propolis, a natural resin produced by bees, by analyzing recent literature spanning from 2005 to 2023. Various databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, and WoS were searched to uncover recent findings. Propolis exhibits a diverse array of pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing effects. It shows promise in treating respiratory infections, oral diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin conditions. Additionally, recent research suggests its potential as an anticancer agent. The review also investigates efficacy of propolis in addressing antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic disorders (diabetes), reproductive disorder (PCOS), cardiovascular diseases, hepatotoxicity, and wound healing properties of propolis. Hence, propolis could emerge as a natural remedy with significant potential for enhancing healthcare outcomes.
The ethico-politics of design toolkits: responsible AI tools, from big tech guidelines to feminist ideation cards
Authors: Hollanek Tomasz
Published: August 2024

This paper interrogates the belief in toolkitting as a method for translating AI ethics theory into practice and assesses the toolkit paradigm’s effect on the understanding of ethics in AI research and AI-related policy. Drawing on a meta-review of existing ‘toolkit-scoping’ work, I demonstrate that most toolkits embody a reductionist conception of ethics and that, because of this, their capacity for facilitating change is limited. Then, I analyze the features of several ‘alternative’ toolkits–informed by feminist theory, posthumanism, and critical design–whose creators recognize that ethics cannot become a box-ticking exercise for engineers, while the ethical should not be dissociated from the political. This analysis then serves to provide suggestions for future toolkit creators and users on how to meaningfully adopt the toolkit format in AI ethics work without overselling its transformative potential: how different stakeholders can draw on the myriad of tools to achieve socially desirable results but reject the oversimplification of ethical practice that many toolkits embody.
Designing 3D-printed concrete structures with scaled fabrication models
Authors: Zhi Yefan , Teng Teng , Akbarzadeh Masoud
Published: August 2024

This article proposes using scaled fabrication models to assist the design research of 3D-printed discrete concrete structures where full-scale fabrication tests are costly and time-consuming. A scaled fabrication model (SFM) is a scaled model 3D-printed the same way as in actual construction to reflect its fabrication details and acquire alike layer line textures. The components of a 1:10 SFM can be easily produced by consumer-level desktop 3D printers with minimal modification. SFMs assist the design communication and make possible quick tests of distinct fabrication designs that are hard to assess in digital modeling during the conceptual design phase. A case study of a discrete compression-dominant funicular floor derived from graphic statics is presented to illustrate the contribution of SFM to the design research of force-informed toolpathing where the printing direction of a component is aligned to the principal stress line. The design iterations encompass a sequence of component, partial, and full model SFM printing tests to explore and optimize the fabrication schemes where parallel, non-parallel, and creased slicing methods to create toolpaths are compared and chosen to adapt different discrete components.
Clinical data on treatment regimen and use of medication among patients with hemophilia B in Korea
Authors: Park Young Shil , Park Ji Kyoung , Park Jeong A , Baek Hee Jo , Lee Jae Hee , You Chur Woo , Lyu Chuhl Joo , Choi Eun Jin
Published: August 2024

Background

To investigate the clinical treatment status, such as treatment regimen, bleeding events, and drug dose, in patients with hemophilia B in South Korea.

Methods

In this retrospective chart review, data of patients with hemophilia B from eight university hospitals were collected. Demographic and clinical data, treatment data, such as regimen and number of injections, dose of factor IX concentrate, and bleeding data were reviewed. Descriptive analyses were performed with annual data for 2019, 2020, and 2021, as well as the three years consecutively.

Results

The medical records of 150 patients with hemophilia B between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021, were collected. Among these, 72 (48.0%) were severe, 47 (31.3%) were moderate, and 28 (18.7%) were mild. The results showed approximately two times more patients receiving prophylaxis as those receiving on-demand therapy, with 66.1% of patients receiving prophylaxis in 2019, 64.9% in 2020, and 72.1% in 2021. Annualized bleeding rates were 2.2% (± 3.1) in 2019, 1.8% (± 3.0) in 2020, and 1.8% (± 2.9) in 2021 among patients receiving prophylaxis. For the doses of factor IX concentrate, patients receiving prophylaxis received an average of 41.6 (± 11.9) IU/Kg/Injection in 2019, 45.7 (± 12.9) IU/Kg/Injection in 2020, and 60.1 (± 24.0) IU/Kg/Injection in 2021.

Conclusions

Clinically, prophylaxis is more prevalent than reported. Based on insights gained from current clinical evidence, it is expected that the unmet medical needs of patients can be identified, and physicians can evaluate the status of patients and actively manage hemophilia B using more effective treatment strategies.
Pilot Study of a Positive Psychology Intervention to Reduce Work-Related Stress Among Service Providers in a Drug Abuse Treatment Clinic
Authors: Ferolino Austin J. P. , Abrea Segundo A.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Service providers in community-based drug abuse treatment and recovery clinics are more likely to experience work-related stress, which has negative repercussions for their mental health, their employing organizations, and their clients. A randomized pretest–posttest research design was utilized to assess the preliminary efficacy of a positive psychology intervention aimed at enhancing psychological capital (PsyCap) to reduce work-related stress experienced by these service providers. Fifty-three service providers were randomly assigned to the immediate group or the delayed intervention group. Results indicated significant postintervention enhancement in PsyCap and reduction in work-related stress. At 1-month follow-up, intervention effects were sustained for PsyCap and work-related stress. Although the intervention appears to be a promising stress management strategy for community-based substance abuse treatment providers, additional research is needed to improve its efficacy, generalizability, and sustainability.
Contrasting Discrepancy in the Sea Level Budget Between the North and South Atlantic Ocean Since 2016
Authors: Mu Dapeng , Church John A. , King Matt , Ludwigsen Carsten Bjerre , Xu Tianhe
Published: August 2024

The discrepancy in the observed global mean sea level budget increased significantly since 2016, but the budget discrepancy over basin‐scales is unclear. In this contribution, we investigate the sea level budget discrepancies in major basins with observations from satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, and Argo floats. During 2016–2020, we find substantial discrepancy of 5.72 ± 0.98 mm/yr over the North Atlantic Ocean, and the basin scale discrepancies are smaller elsewhere. Our analysis suggests that three factors, including the wet tropospheric correction (WTC) effect, deep ocean warming signal, and the contemporary ocean bottom deformation (OBD), together reduce the discrepancy by only 1 mm/yr for the North Atlantic Ocean. We decompose sea level observations into the spherical harmonic domain and observe increased discrepancy in low‐degree variations of C10 and C21 since 2016. These two coefficients result in a contrasting signal between the North and South Atlantic Ocean and contribute to the large discrepancy over the North Atlantic Ocean. We further demonstrate that the C10 and C21 discrepancies are independent of the three factors. However, we find regional salinity biases in the Argo data that reduce the discrepancy for the North Atlantic Ocean. Our findings add to the debate about recent sea level budget and imply that further analysis of the Argo North Atlantic data set may be useful.
Substantial Overestimation of Terrestrial Water Storage Loss in Headwater Basins on Earth's Third Pole
Authors: Qiao Baojin , Li Na , Cui Jiangpeng , Li Dongfeng , Li Mengyao , Xiang Longwei , Borrelli Pasquale , Famiglietti Jay
Published: August 2024

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is suffering from a substantial decline in terrestrial water storage (TWS) in exorheic basins, threatening water resources that are critical for ∼2 billion people downstream. TWS changes are commonly estimated using gravity satellites through observations of the total terrestrial mass storage (TMS) change, with an implicit assumption of a negligible contribution from sediment transport. Through long‐term (2002–2017) sediment flux observations in seven headwater basins on the TP, we reveal that the gravity satellite‐derived TMS has decreased at a rate of 3.85 ± 0.23 Gt yr−1 in the seven basins, of which 0.35 ± 0.04 Gt yr−1 is contributed by sediment transport. Neglecting this contribution leads to an overestimation of the TWS loss by 10.1 ± 1.3%, equivalent to the annual water demand of an additional 0.62 million people in the surrounding nations. Regionally, the overestimation is surprisingly high in the Indus River and Yarkant River basins, reaching up to 50.8%–77.6%.
Comparison of the Occurrence Morphology of Phase Scintillation of GPS and Beidou Signals at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica
Authors: Wang Li‐Yan , Zhang Qing‐He , Wang Fei‐Fei , Wang Yong , Xing Zan‐Yang , Ma Yu‐Zhang , Liu Jian‐Jun , Hu Ze‐Jun , Chen Xiang‐Cai , Hu Hong‐Qiao , Lu Sheng , Xiu Zhi‐Feng , Jayachandran P.T.
Published: August 2024

The characteristics of phase scintillation (represented by the phase scintillation indices, σφ) from GPS and Beidou are statistically analyzed using a ground‐based receiver at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica, from 2020 to 2022 for the first time. The phase scintillation of the GPS and Beidou signals present a similar pattern of occurrence. The statistical results on the occurrence morphology of phase scintillation show that the phase scintillation predominately occurs in the magnetic pre‐noon and pre‐midnight sectors. Moreover, phase scintillation performs a dependence on solar and geomagnetic activities. Furthermore, the phase scintillation also gives a seasonal variation with the maximum occurrence happened at the autumn and the minimum occurrence during the summer. Consequently, these results improve understanding of the morphological characteristics of the phase fluctuations in the less studied Antarctic region. The study also demonstrates the use of the combined data set to improve the coverage in the Antarctic region.
The Influence of Coral Reef Spur and Groove Morphology on Wave Energy Dissipation in Contrasting Reef Environments
Authors: Perris Lachlan , Salles Tristan , Fellowes Thomas E. , Duce Stephanie , Webster Jody , Vila‐Concejo Ana
Published: August 2024

Coral reefs protect coastlines from inundation and flooding and serve over 200 million people globally. Wave transformation has previously been studied on coral reef flats with limited focus on forereef zones where wave transformation is greatest during high‐energy conditions. This study investigates the role of forereef spur and groove (SaG) morphology in wave energy dissipation and transmission at the reef crest. Using XBeach on LiDAR‐derived bathymetry from One Tree Island in the southern Great Barrier Reef, we reproduced dissipation rates comparable to SaG field studies. We examined how wave energy dissipation differs between realistic bathymetry and those with SaG features removed, demonstrating an up to 40% decrease in dissipation when SaG features are absent. We then investigated changes to wave energy dissipation and wave transmission at the reef crest based on IPCC AR5 emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) and a total disaster scenario (TD) for the year 2100. For RCP2.6, an increase in wave heights of 0.8 m and an increase in water level of 0.3 m resulted in a two‐fold increase in dissipation rates. For RCP8.5 and TD, with no increase in incident wave height, dissipation rates were 29% and 395% lower than RCP2.6. This resulted in increased wave transmission at the reef crest by 1.8 and 2.7 m for the RCP8.5‐ and TD based models, respectively, when compared to the RCP2.6‐based model. The results from our novel modeling approach of using long‐shore varying accurate bathymetry on forereefs show increased wave energy dissipation rates with implications for reducing coastal flooding and island inundation on reef‐lined coasts.
Impacts of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO, ∼53‐49 Ma) on Planktic Foraminiferal Resilience
Authors: Filippi Giulia , Barrett Ruby , Schmidt Daniela N. , D'Onofrio Roberta , Westerhold Thomas , Brombin Valentina , Luciani Valeria
Published: August 2024

Plain Language Summary

The Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) is an interval of prolonged warmth that occurred ∼53 to 49 million years ago. Planktic foraminifera are important (alongside coccolithophores) for understanding the carbon cycle and determining export production in the ocean. To understand how foraminifera can be impacted by extreme heat, we analyzed samples from the Pacific Ocean through measuring changes in (a) the relative abundance, that is, the count of different taxa in a sample, and (b) body (shell) size of planktic foraminifera. At the start of the EECO, the abundance of the genera Morozovella and Chiloguembelina decreased. Despite this decline, the number of foraminifera being buried and the size of the largest shells in a sample does not change. We attribute this to the increased abundance of the genus Acarinina. In general, the accumulation of foraminifera remains stable while the relative abundance of foraminifera to coccolithophores decreases. Together, this implies that coccolithophores are increasing in abundance, and/or mass. During the EECO, one group of foraminifera was able to counterbalance the decrease in abundance of other genera. This highlights the resilience of open‐ocean carbonate production and the base of the marine food web.
The Moderating Influence of Spring Climate on the Rio Grande Headwaters: A Paleo Perspective
Authors: Woodhouse C. A. , Tintor W. L.
Published: August 2024

While snowpack is the main influence on Rio Grande water year streamflow, spring hydroclimate can play a role in moderating this influence in a subset of years. Through an investigation of the relationship between winter snowpack and spring hydroclimate conditions and Rio Grande streamflow, we find low snowpack years with relatively cool, wet springs coincide with slightly above median streamflow in 18% of the years in the instrumental record (1936–2018), while the opposite conditions occur during 24% of years. Over this period, an increase in years with low snowpack/cool wet springs is evident, likely due to a significant decreasing trend in snowpack. We analyze two 15‐century tree‐ring reconstructions to provide long‐term context for the variable relationship between snowpack and spring hydroclimate. Results suggests irregular but quasi‐multidecadal periods when spring conditions may have moderated the effect of a relatively dry winter or reduced the effect of a relatively wet winter. The reconstructions also provide context for the observed trend in the increasing importance of spring conditions over the instrumental period, which appears to be related to both natural climate variability and climate change. In the Rio Grande basin, as mountain snowpack declines due to warming temperatures, spring conditions may be playing an increasingly important role for water resources, at least in the near term.
Pivotal Role of Mixed‐Layer Depth in Tropical Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Senapati Balaji , O’Reilly Christopher H. , Robson Jon
Published: August 2024

The tropical arm of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) influences climate worldwide, yet the mechanisms generating it remain unclear. Here, we examine experiments with sea surface temperature (SST)‐restoring in the extratropical North Atlantic in multiple models and use mixed‐layer heat budgets to elucidate the important mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that the tropical AMV is driven by wind‐mixed‐layer‐SST feedback. The evolution has two phases with tropical AMV SST anomalies growing from April to October and decaying from November to March. The amplitude of the growth phase surpasses that of the decay phase, resulting in overall tropical Atlantic warming during positive AMV phases. During summer, positive SST anomalies in the extratropics weaken the trade winds, resulting in a shallower mixed‐layer with reduced heat capacity. Subsequent absorption of climatological shortwave radiation in this shallower mixed‐layer then causes SSTs to warm, generating the tropical AMV. Importantly, anomalous surface heat‐fluxes make modest contributions to tropical AMV in these experiments.
Lightning‐Induced Energetic Electron Precipitation Observed in Long‐Term DEMETER Spacecraft Measurements
Authors: Linzmayer V. , Němec F. , Santolík O. , Kolmašová I.
Published: August 2024

We analyze low‐altitude DEMETER spacecraft measurements obtained between 2006 and 2010, complemented by WWLLN lightning location data, to investigate the importance of lightning‐generated whistlers for the energetic electron precipitation from the Van Allen radiation belts. We focus, in particular, on the United States region, where a significant seasonal variation in the occurrence of lightning has been observed. We show that both the precipitating electron fluxes and very low frequency wave intensities correlate well with the total lightning occurrence in the region. We further demonstrate that lightning‐induced electron precipitation is more significant during periods of low geomagnetic activity compared to periods of high geomagnetic activity and during the nighttime than during the daytime. The energies of precipitating energetic electrons extend up to about 700 keV, roughly in agreement with the cyclotron resonance theory.
GNAS knockout potentiates HDAC3 inhibition through viral mimicry-related interferon responses in lymphoma
Authors: He Michael Y. , Tong Kit I. , Liu Ting , Whittaker Hawkins Ryder , Shelton Victoria , Zeng Yong , Bakhtiari Mehran , Xiao Yufeng , Zheng Guangrong , Sakhdari Ali , Yang Lin , Xu Wenxi , Brooks David G. , Laister Rob C. , He Housheng Hansen , Kridel Robert
Published: August 2024

Despite selective HDAC3 inhibition showing promise in a subset of lymphomas with CREBBP mutations, wild-type tumors generally exhibit resistance. Here, using unbiased genome-wide CRISPR screening, we identify GNAS knockout (KO) as a sensitizer of resistant lymphoma cells to HDAC3 inhibition. Mechanistically, GNAS KO-induced sensitization is independent of the canonical G-protein activities but unexpectedly mediated by viral mimicry-related interferon (IFN) responses, characterized by TBK1 and IRF3 activation, double-stranded RNA formation, and transposable element (TE) expression. GNAS KO additionally synergizes with HDAC3 inhibition to enhance CD8+ T cell-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, we observe in human lymphoma patients that low GNAS expression is associated with high baseline TE expression and upregulated IFN signaling and shares common disrupted biological activities with GNAS KO in histone modification, mRNA processing, and transcriptional regulation. Collectively, our findings establish an unprecedented link between HDAC3 inhibition and viral mimicry in lymphoma. We suggest low GNAS expression as a potential biomarker that reflects viral mimicry priming for enhanced response to HDAC3 inhibition in the clinical treatment of lymphoma, especially the CREBBP wild-type cases.
Ribosomal modification protein rimK-like family member A activates betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 to ameliorate hepatic steatosis
Authors: Yan Han , Liu Wenjun , Xiang Rui , Li Xin , Hou Song , Xu Luzheng , Wang Lin , Zhao Dong , Liu Xingkai , Wang Guoqing , Chi Yujing , Yang Jichun
Published: August 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious threat to public health, but its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In screening important genes using Gene Importance Calculator (GIC) we developed previously, ribosomal modification protein rimK-like family member A (RIMKLA) was predicted as one essential gene but its functions remained largely unknown. The current study determined the roles of RIMKLA in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. RIMKLA expression was reduced in livers of human and mouse with NAFLD. Hepatic RIMKLA overexpression ameliorated steatosis and hyperglycemia in obese mice. Hepatocyte-specific RIMKLA knockout aggravated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dysregulated glucose/lipid metabolism in mice. Mechanistically, RIMKLA is a new protein kinase that phosphorylates betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 (BHMT1) at threonine 45 (Thr45) site. Upon phosphorylation at Thr45 and activation, BHMT1 eliminated homocysteine (Hcy) to inhibit the activity of transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) and its induction on fatty acid synthase (FASn) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) gene transcriptions, concurrently repressing lipid synthesis and uptake in hepatocytes. Thr45 to alanine (T45A) mutation inactivated BHMT1 to abolish RIMKLA’s repression on Hcy level, AP1 activity, FASn/CD36 expressions, and lipid deposition. BHMT1 overexpression rescued the dysregulated lipid metabolism in RIMKLA-deficient hepatocytes. In summary, RIMKLA is a novel protein kinase that phosphorylates BHMT1 at Thr45 to repress lipid synthesis and uptake. Under obese condition, inhibition of RIMKLA impairs BHMT1 activity to promote hepatic lipid deposition.
Divalent vinyl ketones derived from fluorene: a facile synthesis of bifunctional acrylic monomers with high reactivity in thia-/aza-Michael addition and Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions
Authors: Ohyama Masatoshi , Yasuda Rie , Miyauchi Shinsuke , Kohsaka Yasuhiro
Published: August 2024

Although vinyl ketones (VKs) exhibit excellent reactivity toward radicals and nucleophiles, their application in polymer chemistry has been limited compared with that of acrylates. One of the reasons is the difficulty of the synthesis, particularly that of multivalent VKs. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of divalent VKs via Friedel‒Crafts acylation of fluorene and subsequent elimination reactions. For example, via this approach, 2,7-diacryloyl-9,9-dimethylfluorene was obtained at high yields (78%). Because the monomer was obtained at high purity through recrystallization and washing, the procedure is suitable for industrial applications. The addition of dithiols and diamines via thia- and aza-Michael addition afforded the corresponding polythioesters and polyamines, respectively. In addition, the divalent VKs exhibited high reactivity in the Morita‒Baylis‒Hillman reaction with formaldehyde, affording a diol monomer. The polycondensation of the diol monomer and isophthaloyl dichloride yielded a poly(conjugated-ketone ester). Consequently, the divalent VKs described herein are attractive monomers and monomer precursors with ready accessibility and sufficient electrophilicity.