bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steganography Technique to Hide a Secret Message in QR Code
Authors: A. Elhawil
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a new method to hide a message in Quick Response code (QR code). This type of image steganography is quite a challenge because the secrete message should not be detected by the standard QR code reader. In addition, it has to be stored in an appropriate location that does not affect the original data of the QR code. All these requirements are studied. The analysis method is presented and discussed.
Three Phase Two-Arm Hybrid Active Filter Using Two Feedforward Loops with Self Tuning Filter for Elimination of 5th and 7th Harmonic Frequency
Authors: Mohamed Muftah Saleem
Published: September 2024

A novel topology for three-phase three-wire hybrid power filter with two-arm is proposed, this hybrid filter configured by a classical active filter consisting of two-arm bridge using two power electronic switches for each arm and two DC capacitors located in the DC side of the power converter, this topology uses less number of power electronic switches that allow to reduce the manufacturing cost. The active filter connected in series with a passive filter. The nonlinear load is a diode rectifier feeding a (R, C) parallel load. The proposed method is based on self-tuning filter placed in both feedback and feedforward loops dedicated to eliminate the 5th and 7th harmonics frequency. The feedforward loop consists in two branches, one to remove the 5th harmonic and the other one to remove 7th harmonic frequency. The use of self-tuning filter simplifies the control scheme by reducing the number of extraction filters, used in classical feedback and feedforward loops. More, in this case, no phase locked loop is necessary for the feedforward loop. The effectiveness of this new proposed scheme has been verified by computer simulation.
Dynamic Monitoring of Tall Buildings
Authors: Hattem Abu Sinena  , Ibrahim M. Abu Sinena
Published: September 2024

There has been an increasing demand on tall and high-rise buildings. In response, structural engineers have become more interested in improving the design of these newly constructed buildings as well as extending the life of the existing and aging ones. Field dynamic monitoring is the best method that engineers can rely on to measure the current performance of tall buildings in order to make critical decisions regarding the improvement of their designs or regarding the planning of their retrofitting and maintenance. Radar interferometry is a novel remote monitoring technique that has appeared to be exceptionally suitable for monitoring of tall buildings. However, the performance and capabilities of this system relative to other conventional sensors in not fully understood. This paper reviews the radar system and other commonly used sensors with a focus on their current status and application. A model for evaluating the relative performance of the different sensors for tall buildings is constructed and it demonstrates that the radar has unmatched capabilities for monitoring of high-rise buildings, The comparative case study on the Soul Tower, which is the first of its kind on such high-rise building, further confirms this conclusion.. Consequently, engineers are advised to always consider employing the interferometric radar for dynamic monitoring of tall buildings.
Analysis and Design of Engraving Machine Movement
Authors: S. M. Ben Ramadan  , A.O. Houssein  , M.EM. Abid
Published: September 2024

CNC routers play a significant role in several markets such as furniture design, circuit board manufacturing, plastic and foam fabrication. It can allow to complete projects in few hours that used to take several days CNC routers can work on sheets of woods, plastic, rubber, acrylics, and non-ferrous metal and CNC router machine moves and cuts in three directions using computer aided design software.A computer program has been established to design the power screws of any engraving machine. The power required to cut material was calculated by the program. The resisting force was analyzed and all stresses act on the power screws. The power screws were designed by using the main common theory of failures. The buckling and maximum deflection was checked in this program.An example of the output results was designed and drawn in Advanced Centre of Technology using solid works software. The nut connected to the screws was also drawn. The parts of engraving machine have been manufactured and tested in Advanced Centre Technology A.C.T in Libya.
Educational Interface of Load Flow Methods Using Matlab Graphic User’s Interface Software
Authors: Osama M. Wafa
Published: September 2024

this paper introduces a new created programapplication built based on MATLAB programing languageto solve power system networks at steady state problems,which include power flow studies with significant approach.The load flow solution uses iterative techniques that arenamely, Newton-Raphson, Gauss-Seidel and Fast Decouple.After obtaining their results, line changes like lineswitching, tap changer and bus changing such as busdeletion or any specific information at the same bus can beeasily achieved. Moreover, the users can enter their ownsystem, and save it to apply the pervious analysis. Thisfriendly interactive program designed to be simple for theusers with accurate results and it can be applied for anynetwork.
Natural Gas as an Alternative to Fuel Oil Usage in the Steel Industry
Authors: H. T. Abuluwefa
Published: September 2024

Steel industry is a major energy consumption sector requiring large quantities of fuel in order to operate its various units. There are two main types of fuel used in the steel industry, fuel oil and natural gas. Natural gas burns better than fuel oil and produces less combustion products that are harmful to the environment. The Libyan Iron and Steel Company uses fuel oil as a main source of energy in its operations. Calculations are carried out to determine equivalent amounts of natural gas to fuel oil being used in the company as well as quantities of CO2, SO2 produced from combustion of both fuels. The results showed the possibility of reducing the amounts CO2 by about 25.7% and eliminating SO2 by switching to natural gas usage in the company.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Bragg Peak Curves for Mono-Energetic Proton Beams
Authors: Saleh M. Ben Saleh
Published: September 2024

As an energetic proton beam penetrates intomatter its energy loss rate (stopping power) increases withpenetration depth reaching a maximum value in a regionknown as Bragg peak. The main objective of this study is todetermine the penetration depths of mono- energeticprotons in water using Monte Carlo simulations.. Theoutputs of the simulations were analysed using ROOTanalysis software. Validation of the Monte Carlo model wascarried out by comparing proton ranges in water obtainedwith Geant4 simulations against data obtained from theNIST database. The simulation results were in excellentagreement (within an approximately 0.5% uncertainty) withNIST data.
The Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance and Hardness of Tool Steel AISI “D2”
Authors: Mohamed. M. Salem
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper intended to study different heat treatments in conjunction with a special Cryogenic treatment process and its effect on the wear behavior, and hardness of AISI D2 tool steel. An experimental demonstration of this study was first carried out by a set of specimens left for one week in air after conventional treatment to make stabilization and the other set conditioned at 60°C for one hour before shallow and deep cryogenic treatment. This investigation has shown that an improvement of hardness and wear resistance in deep cryogenic (DCT) process compared to shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT) for different soaking time which was approved by micro-structural examination especially in the stabilized specimens. This finding is in agreement with other results found in the research using similar tool steel and other specific cryogenic processes.
Rejection and Compensation of Periodic Disturbance in Control Systems
Authors: Izziddien Alsogkier
Published: September 2024

in this paper, a brief introduction to the disturbance rejection methods is given in general and to the periodic disturbance rejection methods in particular. Therefore in the following, methods of using only feedback technique to achieve both set point tracking and periodic disturbance rejection are presented. Also, the interaction problem between the set point design demands and the periodic disturbance rejection is discussed. Then, the interaction is minimized by using a separate feed-forward controller to reject the periodic disturbances as an add-on compensator to the pre-existing set point tracking feedback controller. Furthermore, the idea of the disturbance observer is introduced in general as well as the adaptive periodic disturbance cancelation method.
Switching Overvoltage Reduction Using Surge Arrester, for 400 KV-line Connecting Khoms and Gmmra Substations
Authors: Abubkr Elshekhi
Published: September 2024

Transient overvoltage in power systems is one of the most important issues to be considered for system stability. Switching surges is an important reasons that cause transient overvoltage. This paper presents a full study of the high-voltage line connecting KHOMS and GMMRA substations. The study utilizes the Alternative Transient Program (ATP) to compute the transient overvoltage due to switching surges (line closing and re-closing); as well as presenting the usage of surge arrester to reduce the upper limit of transient overvoltage. The results present the positive effect of using surge arrester switching element to limit transient overvoltage and keep it at certain level; in addition to damping the isolation in the voltage waveform.
The Impacts of Architectural Models in Public Environment
Authors: Hatem Hadia
Published: September 2024

Models are one of the oldest mediums used for creating, communicating and representing ideas throughout the ages, whether these ideas are based on dogmatic, intellectual, ideological, or architectural thought (belief). Whatever their purpose, models, embody a value that reflects their worth to their makers/owners; but this value is not easy to quantify as it may be based on implicit considerations that are difficult to define and measure. On the other hand, it is possible to add measurable value to human endeavors by the use of models. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the impacts and importance of models in public domain; and to determine the value added to a project by model making.Data in this domain was gathered from interviews and local officials. In the public domain, the value added due to the impact of architectural models was measured by conducting a survey amongst the visitors to the Miniaturk Park in Istanbul. It was determined that model making can be used as a tool to add value to architectural projects and edifices. It was also seen that the value-added impact of architectural models in the public domains could be accurately measured. In this study, it is asserted that it not always true that the impacts of architectural models in public domain can be considered as qualitative data, but it can be most of the time be converted into quantitative data. These impacts and implications are of importance in several aspects: economic, heritage, cultural and historical.
Heart Signal Acquisition Based System Autoregressive Identification Models
Authors: Ismail M. Albatrookh
Published: September 2024

A system identification (SI) model can be constructed without any prior knowledge of the nature or physics of the relationship that has been involved. It is therefore appropriate to examine the question of (heart rate). In this paper, a simple and efficient hardware design is implemented to acquire the heart signal with the help of several linear models of SI. The relationships between different system identification models are discussed with detailed justification of the aid of these typical types. And then characterize the methods that fit the system structure to measure data input and output, as well as the most basic characteristics of the resulting models. For evaluation, compare between SI models to validate the results.
Prediction and Evaluation of Accidents within Oilfields of Arabian Gulf Company Using Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Amer A. M. Boushaala
Published: September 2024

The dynamic nature of oil and gas production is one of the major causes for various types of accidents resulting in injuries and fatalities in oil fields. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and classify accidents in Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO) through application of the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) technique. Data collected were for 8 years spanning from 2005 to 2012, from four oil fields (Sarir, Nafoora, Messla, and Byda).The LDA is used to classify an accident into one of the accident groups; “Oil and gas Leak”, “Fire”, “Accident”, and “Damage”.The developed discriminant functions revealed significant association between groups 60.1%, 22.75%, and 6.97% of between groups variability. However, the structure matrix revealed two significant predictors only of the first function, namely production area and camp with scores of 0.791 and 0.766 respectively. For the second function revealed also two significant predictions; the oil well and the transition station with scores of 0.806 and 0.740 respectively.The third function has no significant predictors. The cross-validated method showed that 65.1% of the grouped cases are correctly classified.
Design and Simulation of Torque Control for Hot Rolling Steel Mill
Authors: E. Y. Larbah
Published: September 2024

Lateral movement of a strip in the hot rolling process is an important unsolved technical problem. To minimize the strip thickness variations, the state space model formulation is usually used. It results in reducing productivity and, in the extreme case, strip tearing during tailing out at the finishing mill. This movement is caused by various asymmetric factors such as mechanical asymmetry of the mill and different temperatures along the strip width direction. Furthermore, the difference in the temperature and the thickness of steel strip resulting in deformation of the steel, which affects the bending torque of the steel strip. This study aims to understand the influences of these various factors on lateral movement. In order to reduce the lateral movement and the disturbance terms, that act on uncertain inter-connected systems, a new control approach, based on a combination of Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) technique, is proposed. Simulation results of hot rolling system with three interconnected systems are presented to validate the new controller performance.
Effects of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Laminate on the Strength of Adhesive Joints
Authors: N. A. Yahya
Published: September 2024

Carbon fiber composites are being widely considered for many classes of heavily loaded components. A common feature of such components is the need to introduce local or global loads into the composite structure. The use of adhesive bonding rather than mechanical fasteners offers the potential for reduced weight and cost. The use of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) for the repair of steel structure is also advantageous, for example to avoid welding or bolting which can weaken structure and add fire risk. This study is based on adhesive bonded double lap shear (DLS) joints where the inner adherend is steel and the outer adherend is cross plies unidirectional (UD) CFRP. Overlap lengths of 25-125 mm with CFRP thickness of 3 and 6 mm were considered and two different orientation angles [0o,90o] and [90o,0o] laminates have been considered. The overall objectives of the paper are to investigate the delamination of the CFRP laminates within the DLS joints under quasi-static loading and both experimental and numerical techniques were used. The numerical study was based on 2-D model using strength-limit method, taking into consideration the UD properties of the plies and the resin layers separating these. As a result, it was concluded that the data obtained from 2-D finite element analysis were coherent with experimental results and additional to that fiber orientation angles of the laminate markedly affected the failure load of joints, failure mode and stress distributions appeared in adhesive and composite
Evaluation of Welding Current Impact on Residual Stresses Status in Ship-Building Steel Weldments Using Barkhausen Noise
Authors: Ali R. Altaweel  , Mohamed M. Blaow
Published: September 2024

The paper intends to determine the relationship between heat input and the residual stresses distribution in shipbuilding steel weldments using the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) technique. The rate of fusion during welding was controlled by amount and time of fusion for a given weld bead width. Barkhausen noise measurements were performed parallel to the weld bead at the back of the plates welded using variable welding currents along the line that crosses the weld bead. The heat affected zones were differentiated by a variation in MBN peak height. The high welding current was characterized by high MBN amplitude compared with the medium and the low currents. The results showed that the heat affected zone was narrower with high welding current and increases with decreasing current. The results indicate that residual stresses introduced in steel by welding could be mapped nondestructively by magnetic Barkhausen noise.
اختيار المورد الأفضل في الشركات الصناعية باستخدام التحليل المتعدد المعايير
Authors: علي شتوان
Published: September 2024

الملخص إن عملية اختياار الماورد الأفضال مان باين العدياد مان البادالل تعتبار عملياة -معقدة وصعبة, ذلك بسبب تعدد المعايير التي يجب أن تؤخاذ فاي اتعتباار عناد عملياةالتقييم. تكمن مشكلة الدراسة في أن العديد من المؤسسات الصناعية فاي ليبياا تعتمادفاي عملياة اختيارهاا للماورد علاى أسااليب غياار فعالاة الأمار الاذد ياؤدد إلاى سااواختيار المورد, مما يترتب عليه زيادة في التكلفة, أو تأخير في الإنجاز, أو ينات عناهمشااكل فاي الجاودة. تهاد الورقاة إلاى دراساة اختياار الماورد الأفضال مان باين عادةباادالل متااوفرة, ماان خاابل ت بياا ال اارم متعااددة المعااايير التاليااةل عمليااة التحلياالالهرماااي, الجااادا المااارجل والمجماااور المااارجل علاااى الشاااركة الأهلياااة ل سااامنتالمساهمة. حُددت المعايير الرليسية من خبل استبانة أولى وُ زعت على مجموعة منالخبرا المختصين في عملية التوريد. شملت المعايير الرليسية على الجودة, الخبرة,الكلفة, الضمان, والتسليم. كذلك تم استخدام اساتبانة ثانياة وُ زعات علاى العااملين فايلجااان الع ااا ات بالشااركة لغاارو وضااو الأوزان المناساابة لكاال معيااار ماان المعاااييرالمحددة. اُستخدم برنام اكسل لبنا النماذج الرياضية لل رم الثبثة, ومن ثام ايجاادالمااورد الأفضاال. أظهاارت نتااال الدراسااة اتفااام ال اارم الثبثااة فااي اختيااار المااوردالأفضل, حيا اختيارت شاركة A كأفضال ماورد مان باين البادالل الساتة. فاي المقابال,كااان اختيااار الشااركة الأهليااة ل سامنت علااى الشااركة B . كااذلك أظهاارت نتااال تحلياالالحساسية تأثر معيار الجودة بدرجة حساسية أعلى مقارنة بباقي المعايير.
The Influence of Different Parameters on the Electro Refining of Copper
Authors: Musbah Kharis Maatgi
Published: September 2024

The experiments were performed using the acidic electrolyte composed of copper sulphate and sulphuric acid. The electro refining process was carried out at the temperatures of 40, 50, and 650C. On the basis of the experiments performed it was stated that the temperature of the electrolyte has significant influence on the copper consumption as well as the topography of copper deposited on the cathode. The influence of the temperature was explained by the increase in copper sulphate solubility and acceleration of the ions diffusion in the adjacent to the electrodes layer, which in consequence lead to the decrease in the resistances of Cu2+ ions deposition.It was also stated that increase in the current density beside the increase in the production rate causes the decrease in the current efficiency. The addition of gelatin to an electrolyte causes the smoothing the cathode deposit but increase in power consumption consequence of the increasing the resistances of Cu2+ ions deposition and as a result of it the increase in the cell voltage. The topography of the cathode deposit was observed using a metallurgical microscope. It was concluded that the optimum conditions for copper electro refining are: the consumption of the electrolyte- 50 kg Cu/m3, 200 kg H2SO4/m3 and gelatin-10 ppm, the temperature - 650C, current density-250A/m2.
Prediction of Water Production Rate Using Fuzzy Logic Approach
Authors: Saleh M. Amaitik  , Ramadan A. Omar
Published: September 2024

Abstract—this paper describes a fuzzy expert system approach for prediction of water production rate in a desalination plant. The goal of the study is to predict water production rate based on several inlet variables determined by steam flow, steam pressure, seawater temperature, and seawater flow. The data used were collected from plant history records of the operation department log sheets. These data were analyzed and a model was constructed using fuzzy expert system. In the proposed model, both input and output variables are parameterized and classified into several fuzzy sets. A set of fuzzy rules are constructed based on the knowledge extracted from the data collected. Once the rules are evaluated, the variables are defuzzified and converted into corresponding output variable (water production rate). The results showed that inlet variables of the plant could predict water production rate with 95% prediction accuracy.
Modeling and Forecasting Short-Term Electricity Demand for Libyan Electric Network
Authors: Mahmoud Y. Khamaira
Published: September 2024

Electrical load forecasting is a method of guessing the future of the electricity demand. Load forecast is an essential factor for power system planners and demand controllers. This is to ensure that would be an adequate amount of the electricity meeting the increasing demands. Therefore, an accurate load forecasting model can effectively lead to reduction of power system cost, better budget planning, and maintenance scheduling. The future load on a power system is predicted by extrapolating a predetermined relationship between the load and its influential variables. Determination of this relationship involves modeling and estimation the coefficient of the model through the use of an efficient parameter estimation technique. This paper presents a short term forecasting model for Libyan electric network using multi parameter regression method. The proposed method shows a result with small deviation between the actual and expected load, which means Multi parameter regression emerged as a suitable model for forecasting electricity demand in Libya.
CONTROL OF BIOMASS BOILER WATER TEMPERATUR USING SLIDING MODE CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Ali A. Lesewed
Published: September 2024

Medium scale biomass temperature control is aspecific field of control issues where one of the most important features is cost effectiveness. It means that anykind of control system improvement should be done withthe lowest possible additional costs. Generally, the basiccontrol of such kind of boiler regulates temperature ofoutlet heating water. This control can be also performed bya conventional or advanced control. Although the main problem of this study is the constructionof the model of biomass boiler for control purposes, our taskdeals with technology of boilers and principles of its innerprocesses as well. Creation of the model comes out not onlyfrom these important findings, but also from experimentaldata collected during measurements in real operation. Heatand mass balance calculations were made according to thesedata and they serve to precise dynamic properties ofexperimental unit for biomass combustion.Based on the derived mathematical model of the biomassboiler, here is possibility to enhance the control byadditional algorithms that are responsible for extendedoptimization functions. In this paper, an advanced processcontrol such as sliding mode control system (SMC) is usedto control the temperature of the boiler water. The resultsshow that SMC has strong immunity for the disturbanceand the varying of process parameters.
Development of a Clothing Sizing System for Benghazian Children Based on Anthropometric Measurements
Authors: Bilhassan, S
Published: September 2024

the current study is the second step towards the overall objective of development of a clothing sizing system for Libyan children based on anthropometric body measurements of Libyan school children. The aim of this paper is to examine anthropometric measurements for students in grades four, five and six in the basic education stage, to collect body measurements of school children in Benghazi and analyze them using simple statistical methods that would help determining the body ranges and variations present for students in the three grades and use them, in turn, to develop sizing system of these grades. The anthropometric data were analyzed using Minitab program. ANOVA and kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify differences between age groups. The results showed that there are differences between the most body measurements except the arm length and waist to hip length. These differences were taken into account when developing the sizing system. Pearson correlation coefficients analysis was carried out to determine the interrelationships between the various body measurements. From these findings it can be concluded that the weight is very strongly correlated with some dimensions. Height and weight measurements were used as a guide to determine the size of clothes. The mean values and the standard deviation were used for creating size steps for the size chart. Three kinds of sizes were identified: L (large), M (medium) and S (small).
Mathematical Model for Planning and Optimisation of Petroleum Supply Chain Under Uncertainty
Authors: Mansur Salem Zaghinin  , Elganidi H. Elsaghier
Published: September 2024

This work focuses on the planning and petroleumindustry logistic and supply chains from raw materials toproduction distribution by developing a two-stage stochasticlinear programming with recourse techniques. The paperinvestigates and creates a set of mathematical models whichconsiders different parameters such as production of crudeoil, transportation plan, production levels, operatingconditions, production distribution plans, prices of rawmaterials and products under significant source ofuncertainty which represent the market demand of refineryproducts. Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) iscomputed a maximum amount a decision maker that shouldpay for additional information gives a perfect signal as tothe state of nature.
Post Study Design of Wireless Network for the Water Dilemma in the city of Rujban
Authors: Omer A. Zergalin
Published: September 2024

Providing water for daily life usage is one of the biggest obstacles facing the growth and development of cities not only in Libya but in many countries of the world. The city of Rujban faces this crisis despite the passage of more than five decades in trying to resolve this issue. We did some deep research and study on the water system operation problem which we divided into three parts: Karthoom Automated Control System (KACS), Idref Automated Control System 1(IACS1), Idref Automated Control System 2 (IACS2) because water is pumped on 3 different stages. The IACS1 consists of two main parts: transmitter/collector tank on one side and receiver / pumps on the other side. The transmitter end consists of a microcontroller, three stage level sensor, two water flow sensors and an RF transmitter. The other end consists of two water pumping pump and an RF receiver. The system will be automated by the use of a microcontroller in which each level of the collector tank will be designed to turn on just one or both pumps of in the case there is certain amount of water, which can be determined by water level sensor, in Karthom collection tank. A crucial part of this coordination is the flow meter which will indicate if the pump is operational or not and detect whether or not there is water leakage, all of which will be demonstrated on an LCD screen. In this paper, we will design a wireless communication network for IACS1.
Stand-alone Photovoltaic System for a House in Misurata City
Authors: A. M. Ben-Naser
Published: September 2024

Direct conversion of solar irradiance into electricity can be used as electrical power source for home to meet its daily energy requirement. This paper presents the complete design of a stand-alone Photovoltaic system (SAPV) to supply electric power for a traditional house in city of Misrata-Libya according to its energy requirements. This paper outlines in detail the procedure for specifying each component of the standalone photovoltaic power system. This system can be installed on the roof and the south side of the cabin. The results show that the sizing of PV stand-alone system depends on the load data, the solar resource data and the investment cost of system components. To power these appliances, 79 strings of one with average daily energy of 13.9 kWh. In addition, 52 batteries in the battery bank with system battery capacity of 1300 Ah and voltage 48V, and one charge controller are required. Simulation results and analyses are presented to validate the proposed system configuration.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Authors: Saleh Ali Khalifa Tweib
Published: September 2024

The physicochemical parameters comprise pH, temperature (T), chemical oxygen demand (COD), alkalinity, and ammonia NH3, . The results obtained in this study were as follows: temperature (21.6 -23.7ºC), pH (7.69 - 7.51), ammonia NH3 is in range 0 to 1.8 mg/L and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is in range ( 13 – 620mg/L), and alkalinity (370-200 mg/L). . We conclude that these municipal sewage plants are important point sources of pollution in surface water with possible public health and ecological risks. The present paper comprises of the various Physico-Chemical parameters and technologies used in waste-water treatment, with emphasis on municipal waste-water.
Power Management System for a Libyan Distribution Network to Meet Future Demand
Authors: Mustafa A.Elsherif
Published: September 2024

Abstract— The continuation of increasing the power demand inLibya leads to raise the voltage regulation issues especially indistribution networks. This requires integrating more distributedgenerators (DGs) into distribution networks to meet suchdemand. However, operating several DGs into distributionnetworks raises stability, power management and voltageregulation challenges in Libyan power systems. This is due to theconfliction of operation between the new integrated DGs and theexisting equipments such as On Load Tap Changes Transformers(OLTCT). This paper introduces a potential solution to operateadditional DG with existing OLTCT using Power ManagementSystem (PMS) supervision to overcome such challenges. ThePMS controller works to supervise controllers of existing OLTCTand controllers of Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) andGovernor (GOV) for additional DG to avoid the voltageregulation issue and to meet future demand.
The Use of Bilinear Cohesive Zone Model to Study the Fracture of Mode I in Adhesive Joints
Authors: N. A. Yahya  , M. Lytwyn
Published: September 2024

Adhesively bonded joints can be numericallysimulated using the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) concepts.CZM are widely used for the strength prediction of adhesivejoints. The critical strain energy release rate and criticalinterface strength are the parameters which must be knownwhen cohesive elements in ABAQUS software are used. Theformulation of the cohesive finite elements is based on theCZM approach with the bilinear traction-separation law. Inthis work, the parameters of two industrial adhesivesHuntsman Araldite 2015 and resin LY3505/XB3405 forbonding of epoxy composites are identified. DoubleCantilever Beam (DCB) test data was used for theidentification. Finally, cohesive parameters are identifiedcomparing numerically simulated load-displacement curveswith experimental data retrieved from literature.Parametric study is performed to evaluate the variation ofinput parameters like initial stiffness, element size, peakstress and energy release rate ‘G’. From the numericalevaluation, it was noted that CZM simulation relies largelyon element size and peak cohesive strength.
Laminar burning velocities of Ethanol-air mixtures at elevated temperatures using the tube method
Authors: Fouzi M. Saad Mossa
Published: September 2024

Abstract— Experiment test for premixed laminarcombustion of ethanol-air mixtures has been conducted in a tube technique. The laminar burning velocities of premixedhomogeneous Ethanol fuel and air mixtures are determinedover a wide range of equivalence ratio at elevatedtemperatures. The experimental apparatus has beenmodified for apprehension of flame behaviors at 340 K withboth ends open to the atmosphere. For each of the flamespeeds, unburned gas velocities and flame surface areashave been measured and computed to determine burningvelocity. Repeatable and reliable experimental data areobtained in this rig, showing good agreements with previousdata. Laminar burning velocities are increased with elevatedtemperatures.
Hydrodynamic Analysis of Pipelines Transporting Capsule for Onshore Applications
Authors: Sufyan Abushaala
Published: September 2024

Abstract— Rapid depletion of energy resources hasimmensely affected the cargo transportation industry.Efforts have been made to develop newer economic andenvironmental friendly modes for this purpose. Bulk solidscan be transported for long distances effectively in pipelines.Raw materials can be stored in spherical containers(commonly known as capsules) transported through thepipeline. For economical and efficient design of anytransportation mode, both the local flow characteristics andthe global performance parameters need to be investigated.Published literature is severely limited in establishing theeffects of local flow features on system characteristics ofHydraulic Capsule Pipelines (HCPs). The present study focuses on using a well-validatedComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based solver tosimulate the unsteady turbulent flow of a sphericalcapsule as a simplified case in HCPs for onshoreapplications. A novel numerical model has beenemployed in the present study with the aid of thedynamic mesh technique for calculating the pressureand the velocity variations within such pipelines. Thenumerical model comprises a straight test section. Thenumerical model for capsule flow yields realisticresults for the global flow parameters as compared tothe experimental data from the test rig developed inthe present study. The influence of the carrying fluid(water) on the capsule has been verified by estimatingthe shear forces and the friction coefficient. Inaddition, novel models have been developed forpredicting the wet friction coefficient considering thestart-up effect in such systems.
Hydraulic Analysis and Cost Optimization of Water Network by Using the EPANET Software
Authors: Abdulhamid EL Edris Saad  , Idress S F Saad
Published: September 2024

The large water network leads to a large set ofnonlinear equations that need to be solved by either byHard Darcy or Newton Raphson methods. Those twomethods need a large code to analyze and simulate thenetwork which takes large time. EPANET software can do ahydraulic analysis of the water network. In addition, thesoftware can run with time duration which means that theresult can be obtained as function in time. However, writinga code gives the result in the steady state manner becausethe Bernoulli’s equation was derived under the assumptionof steady state. In this paper, a hydraulic analysis of waternetwork of town of about 7000 population under an area of0.6 km2and 2125 m3/day water demand is done by gettingthe nodal pressure, pipe discharge, and total head at thesignificant time hour of the day by using the EPANETsoftware. Also, an optimization is done to minimize theenergy cost of the electricity by the investigation of whatminimum level that the tank discharge water without usinga pump. Therefore, nine hours make the network operate bygravity main and 15 hours by pumping main. That can bedone only by EPANET software result table that show howmany hours that can make the pump off instead of using itthe whole day. The energy cost minimized by 38 %.
Turbulent Channel Flow Simulation Using LES Dynamic Model
Authors: Hazm Omran  , Ali EL SHRIF
Published: September 2024

Turbulent flow modelling has increasingly becomeone of the main scientific research occupations, seeking todevelop a universal modelling approach that can describeaccurately the dynamics of all turbulent flow scales. Modernattempts try to bring together two main objectives; theapplicability of the turbulent flow models to complex flowconfigurations of industrial interest as well as reducing thecomputational costs needed for their resolution. Large EddySimulation (LES) modelling approach has many promisingfeatures among all other turbulent flow modellingapproaches such as RANS or DNS. In this study, LESmodelling approach has been demonstrated and applied toturbulent channel flow at moderate Reynolds number using Fluent solver. The obtained turbulent flowstatistics were compared to their corresponding values of a detailed, well resolved DNS simulation. The obtained LESturbulent flow statistics have an acceptable trend to those ofthe reference DNS results, which reflects the validity of theLES approach to model turbulent flows accurately andencourages its use in predicting turbulent motion forindustrial and engineering applications.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Varying Operating Conditions on Performance of Compressive Cooling System
Authors: Ali E. Hegaig  , Haithem I. Elderrat  , Salem Fathi Elsheltat
Published: September 2024

Air conditioning and cooling systems could be negatively influenced by the external conditions, and it is quite possible that this harmful effect reduces the performance of these systems. This is because these unites requiring the outside temperatures to be lower than the heat being released from them. Unfortunately, this would not work in a favor of saving energy. To avoid low efficiency and to maintain high performance of the cooling system, those devices should be carefully selected based on experimental studies undergoing different local conditions.This humble article aims to experimentally investigate the effect of changing the external operating conditions on the performance of a compressive cooling system. The test facility was designed and arranged to simulate the external operating conditions. The outside conditions surrounding the condenser (such as speed of air movement, external air temperature) were varied, and accordingly the pressures and temperatures of specific points in the system were measured.This study has found that the speed of air movement and high temperature of air ambient negatively influenced the performance of the cooling system. The optimum value of the performance of the compressive cooling system obtained at the external air temperature range of (18 → 28 C°). Additionally, the research suggested that the relative humidity of the atmosphere should exceed 50% for this case of study. Therefore, selecting a suitable place for the compressive cooling system is crucial to attain a better performance with less consumption of electricity.
La influencia de la gamificación en la educación superior. Revisión de literatura
Authors: Valenzuela Osuna Saúl , Guardado Garza Katherine Galilea , Díaz Díaz Miguel Alexis
Published: September 2024

Currently, there are methods to optimize the relationship between teaching and learning in higher education, notably highlighting one methodology: gamification. Emerging as a response to technological advancements, it facilitates collaborative work between teachers and students. Through a literature review, this article explores the influence and applications of learning games in the university context. The documentary method was used to review the literature from the past eight years regarding the impact of gamification in higher education. Twenty research articles were analyzed to identify the influence of games in the classroom. In conclusion, it is inferred that gamification holds significance in certain countries that have applied the method. Considering this, the influence is positive and has great potential for continued growth.
STRATEGI MANAJEMEN SARANA DAN PRASRANA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK SISWA DI MTS NEGERI 2 KARAWANG
Authors: Aliyya Burhanudin Layna , Permana Hinggil , Syarif Husein Ceceng
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji strategi manajemen sarana dan prasarana dalam meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa di MTS Negeri 2 Karawang. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah ketidaksesuaian antara Permendikbudristek tentang prasarana yang harus dimiliki oleh MTS Negeri 2 Karawang dengan kondisi faktual di lapangan. Observasi awal menunjukkan bahwa sekolah ini diminati oleh banyak calon siswa, terbukti dari tingginya jumlah pendaftar setiap tahunnya. Namun, sekolah hanya mampu menerima maksimal 244 siswa baru setiap tahun karena keterbatasan ruang kelas. Sebagai solusi sementara, sekolah meminjam satu gedung madrasah dengan dua lantai yang berada dalam satu kompleks, dengan pembelajaran hanya berlangsung setengah hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk mengeksplorasi strategi perencanaan, pengadaan, pemeliharaan, dan pengawasan sarana dan prasarana yang diterapkan sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana yang baik dan terstruktur sangat penting dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Meskipun sekolah menghadapi kendala seperti kekurangan ruang kelas dan keterbatasan anggaran, sistem perencanaan yang kolaboratif dan terorganisir memberikan dampak positif terhadap kualitas pembelajaran. Pengadaan sarana dan prasarana dilakukan melalui prosedur yang sistematis, mulai dari identifikasi kebutuhan hingga evaluasi prioritas, meskipun belum sepenuhnya memenuhi semua kebutuhan. Pengawasan terhadap sarana dan prasarana ditekankan sebagai kunci untuk menjaga kondisi fasilitas agar tetap mendukung proses belajar mengajar yang optimal. Secara keseluruhan, strategi yang diterapkan oleh MTS Negeri 2 Karawang dapat menjadi contoh bagi sekolah lain dalam mengelola sarana dan prasarana secara efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan.
Adoption et opérationnalisation de l’intelligence artificielle dans les organisations
Authors: Lutz Michel
Published: September 2024

L’intelligence artificielle (IA) est devenue un levier stratégique pour de nombreuses entreprises cherchant à améliorer leur performance. Cependant, trouver les modalités d’usage optimales des technologies de l’IA reste un défi majeur. Nous lançons un appel à contribution pour explorer les différentes facettes de l’adoption et de l’opérationnalisation de l’IA dans les organisations. Nous acceptons une définition large de l’IA, incluant l’IA générative, l’apprentissage statistique, l’optimisation, les systèmes experts et les approches hybrides.
MAIN FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF MECHATRONICS
Authors:   Kazan State Energy University, Kazan, Russian Federation, Malev Nikolay A.
Published: September 2024

The article considers key fundamental problems of mechatronics, such as integration of multiphysical models, consideration of nonlinear effects, development of high-precision control systems, miniaturization of sensors and actuators, creation of ergonomic and safe interfaces, optimization of energy consumption, as well as increasing the reliability and durability of systems. Successful solution of these problems will require an interdisciplinary approach and close cooperation of specialists from various fields.
SECURITYAND DATA PROTECTION IN UNMANNED INFORMATION TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
Authors:   Kazan State Energy University, Kazan, Russian Federation, Sanieva Alina D.
Published: September 2024

This article discusses the issues of data security and protection in unmanned information transmission systems. The main types of unmanned systems, their vulnerabilities and key threats to data security are described. Particular attention is paid to modern technologies and methods of data protection, including cryptographic methods, authentication protocols, as well as promising approaches such as machine learning and blockchain. Practical examples of the application of protection methods, as well as the problems and challenges associated with their implementation are discussed. In conclusion, directions for further research in this area are proposed.
TYPES OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRATEGIES FOR MODERNIZING THE REGIONAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Volga Cossack Institute of Management and Food Technologies (branch) of the «Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky (First Cossack University)”, Dimitrovgrad, Russian Federation, Shigapov Ilyas I. , Kharchenko Sergey B. ,   Kazan State Energy University, Kazan, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the study of various types of regional economic growth and the development of strategies for the modernization of the regional economy. The main types of growth are considered: extensive, intensive and balanced, as well as their characteristics and impact on the sustainable development of regions. The article also analyzes various strategies for the modernization of the regional economy, including innovation, infrastructure, diversification, socially oriented and environmentally sustainable. The importance of an integrated and systematic approach to the development of regions, taking into account their specifics and interaction between the state, business and society in order to achieve sustainable and balanced economic growth is emphasized.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR COLLECTORS IN HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors:   Kazan State Energy University, Kazan, Russian Federation, Osipov Airat L.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the efficiency of solar collectors in heat supply systems. The main types of solar collectors, methods for assessing their efficiency, comparative analysis with traditional heat sources, as well as economic advantages are considered. Particular attention is paid to technical and operational challenges, development prospects and innovations in the field of solar energy. The analysis shows that solar collectors are an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for heat supply, despite the existing technical difficulties and the need for further research and development.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors:   Kazan State Energy University, Kazan, Russian Federation, Akhmetvaleeva Lyalya V.
Published: September 2024

This article examines the effectiveness of various programming languages in the educational process. The study covers the analysis of such languages as Python, Java, C++ and Scratch in terms of their accessibility for learning, popularity in the industry and ability to contribute to the development of skills in students. The main goal of the study is to determine which programming language is most effective for learning depending on the level of students’ preparation and the specifics of educational programs. The findings are based on a comparative analysis of students’ academic performance and motivation, as well as on theoretical and practical aspects of using programming languages in education.