bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pro-inflammatory and hyperinsulinaemic dietary patterns are associated with specific gut microbiome profiles: a TwinsUK cohort study
Authors: Shi Ni , Nepal Sushma , Hoobler Rachel , Menni Cristina , Playdon Mary C. , Spakowicz Daniel , Wells Philippa M. , Steves Claire J. , Clinton Steven K. , Tabung Fred K.
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dietary patterns, including the Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinaemia (EDIH) and Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP), are known to impact multiple chronic diseases, but the role of the colonic microbiome in mediating such relationships is poorly understood. Among 1,610 adults with faecal 16S rRNA data in the TwinsUK cohort, we identified the microbiome profiles for EDIH and EDIP (from food frequency questionnaires) cross-sectionally using elastic net regression. We assessed the association of the dietary pattern-related microbiome profile scores with circulating biomarkers in multivariable-adjusted linear regression. In addition, we used PICRUSt2 to predict biological pathways associated with the enriched microbiome profiles, and further screened pathways for associations with the dietary scores in linear regression analyses. Microbiome profile scores developed with 32 (EDIH) and 15 (EDIP) genera were associated with higher insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Six genera were associated with both dietary scores: Ruminococcaceae_UCG-008, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008, Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011 Anaeroplasma, inversely and Negativibacillus, Streptococcus, positively. Further, pathways in fatty acid biosynthesis, sugar acid degradation, and mevalonate metabolism were associated with insulinaemic and inflammatory diets. Dietary patterns that exert metabolic effects on insulin and inflammation may influence chronic disease risk by modulating gut microbial composition and function.
Wave scattering by plate array metacylinders of arbitrary cross-section
Authors: Liang H. , Porter R. , Zheng S.
Published: December 2024

Metastructures composed of a closely spaced plate array have been widely used in bespoke manipulation of waves in contexts of acoustics, electromagnetics, elasticity and water waves. This paper focuses on wave scattering by discrete plate array metastructures of arbitrary cross-sections, including isolated vertical metacylinders, periodic arrays and horizontal surface-piercing metacylinders. A suitable transform-based method has been applied to each problem to reduce the influence of barriers in a two-dimensional problem to a set of points in a one-dimensional wave equation wherein the solution is constructed using a corresponding Green's function. A key difference from the existing work is the use of an exact description of the plate array rather than an effective medium approximation, enabling the exploration of wave frequencies above resonance where homogenisation models fail but where the most intriguing physical findings are unravelled. The new findings are particularly notable for graded plate array metastructures that produce a dense spectrum of resonant frequencies, leading to broadband ‘rainbow reflection’ effects. This study provides new ideas for the design of structures for the bespoke control of waves with the potential for innovative solutions to coastal protection schemes or wave energy converters.
Free-surface effects on the flow around two circular cylinders in tandem
Authors: Zhao Feng , Wang Rui , Zhu Hongbo , Cao Yong , Bao Yan , Zhou Dai , Cheng Bin , Han Zhaolong
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a numerical study on the flow around two tandem circular cylinders beneath a free surface at a Reynolds number of

$180$

. The free-surface effects on the wake dynamics and hydrodynamic forces are investigated through a parametric study, covering a parameter space of gap ratios from

$0.20$

to

$2.00$

, spacing ratios from

$1.50$

to

$4.00$

and Froude numbers from

$0.2$

to

$0.8$

. A jet-like flow accompanied by a shear layer of positive vorticity separating from the free surface is formed in the wake at small gap ratios, which significantly alters the wake pattern through its dynamic behaviours. At shallow submergence depths, the three-dimensional wake transitions from mode B to mode A as the distance between the cylinders increases. As submergence depth increases, the wavy deformation of the primary vortex cores disappears in the wake, and the flow transitions to a two-dimensional state. Higher Froude numbers can extend the effect of the free surface to deeper submergence depths. The critical spacing ratio tends to be larger at higher Froude numbers. Furthermore, the free-surface deformation is examined. The free-surface profile typically comprises a hydraulic jump immediately ahead of the upstream cylinder, trapped waves in the vicinity of the two tandem cylinders and well-defined travelling waves on the downstream side. The frequencies of the waves cluster around the vortex shedding frequency, indicating a close association between the generation of waves and the vortex shedding process.
An improved setup for radiocarbon analysis of water-soluble organic carbon in environmental matrices
Authors: Strähl Jan , Lechleitner Franziska A , Laemmel Thomas , Geissbühler Dylan , Salazar Gary A , Daellenbach Kaspar R , Szidat Sönke
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an improved setup for radiocarbon analysis of water-soluble organic carbon based on wet chemical oxidation as installed at the Laboratory for the Analysis of Radiocarbon with AMS (LARA) at the University of Bern. The implementation of a non-dispersive infrared CO2 detector allows more precise and accurate quantification of carbon amounts in samples and establishes the possibility of simple monitoring of the efficacy of flushing and sampling processes. A detailed blank assessment unveiled undesired oxidation of different materials and sample temperature as critical factors regarding the level of constant contamination. Contamination arising from oxidation of septum pieces and carbon-based glues in conventional sampling needles was minimized by developing a glass-sintered needle. This new needle was also designed to be longer, reducing the minimum amount of sample solution needed to 2 mL. The oxidation time and temperature (1 hr at 75°C) were optimized to further decrease contamination during analyses of samples with carbon amounts of up to ∼50 µg. With these improvements, we now report low constant contamination levels of 0.62 ± 0.12 µg C (with F14C of 0.19 ± 0.04), whereas the cross contamination factor was determined to be 0.25 ± 0.07%.
Effect of nutritional supplements on the physico-structural and sensory characteristics of low-fat camel milk yogurt
Authors: Dikhanbayeva Fatima , Zhaxybayeva Elmira , Smailova Zhuldyz , Kenenbay Shynar , Zhunusova Gulzat
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of various nutritional supplements on the physical, structural and sensory attributes of low-fat yogurt derived from camel milk, with the longer-term objective of enhancing its appeal and suitability for elderly consumers. Fresh camel milk was obtained from an Australian farm. Two yogurt variants were created: plain yogurt (CMY) and yogurt with added fructooligosaccharides, microbial transglutaminase (a ubiquitous food additive with potential health risks), apple pectin and linseed oil (CMYWA). The syneresis index of these yogurts was quantified through centrifugation, colour changes due to additives were assessed via colorimetric methods and both viscosity and granulometry were determined using precise instrumental techniques. After 7 d refrigerated storage, syneresis was 50% in CMY vs. 30% in CMYWA. Viscosity on day 7 was 205 mPa.s for CMYWA vs. 110 mPa.s for CMY. The CMYWA granule size increased from 2.1 μm on day 0 to 2.8 μm on day 14, while CMY granule size remained stable around 1.9 μm. Lactobacilli counts were higher in CMYWA at 2.8 × 107 CFU/g vs. 2.3 × 106 CFU/g in CMY. In a paired preference test with 37 consumers aged 18–65, CMYWA was significantly preferred over CMY. Sensory evaluations further substantiated that the yogurts with added supplements were more appealing to the palate. The results demonstrate the supplements improved camel milk yogurt properties.
Glycine rich proteins of ticks: more than a cement component
Authors: de Souza Renata Perotto , Valentina Mariana Vieira Dalla , Leal Bruna Ferreira , Oliveira Sílvia Dias , Ferreira Carlos Alexandre Sanchez
Published: December 2024

Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) are arbitrarily defined as those containing 20% or more glycine residues and constitute a superfamily divided into subfamilies based on their structure and/or function. GRPs have been identified in a diverse array of organisms and have been shown to possess a number of distinctive biological characteristics, including nucleic acid binding, adhesive glue-like properties, antimicrobial activity, involvement in the stress response and in the formation of cuticle components. In ticks, their expression has been described and studied mainly in the salivary glands, and their primary function is usually associated with cement formation and/or structure. Conversely, several GRPs are present in all tick developmental stages, and the expression of many GRP genes is modulated by physiological processes and immune challenges, such as feeding and pathogen infection. Considering that some tick GRPs appear to play essential roles in the tick life cycle, they have been evaluated as immune targets, with a focus on their potential application in vaccine development. This review highlights the roles that tick GRPs may perform beyond the formation and maintenance of the cement scaffold, including structural characterization, locations and functional relevance, hypothetical functions, and their potential use in anti-tick vaccine development.
A GROUP OF MIDDLE AND LATE MINOAN TOMBS SOUTH OF THE PALACE AT KNOSSOS
Authors: Hood Sinclair , Galanakis Yannis , Hughes-Brock Helen , Nafplioti Argyro , Preston Laura
Published: December 2024

This publication presents the results of the excavation in 1960 of a group of Minoan tombs on the lower slopes of Ailias, on the east side of the River Kairatos, in an area almost opposite the Temple Tomb at Knossos. One or two of these tombs were built in Middle Minoan times. Tomb I was used again for four burials in Late Minoan II–IIIA, the period when the other three tombs (II–IV) appear to have been exclusively used. The publication presents the excavation's ceramic and other small finds and offers a detailed study of the skeletal remains. Of special interest are the following aspects: (1) the excavation's careful documentation – particularly by the standards of the time – with considerable attention paid to stratigraphy and the production of section drawings; (2) the tombs’ architecture; (3) the use of wooden coffins; (4) the lack – to a large extent – of finds in association with the bodies buried in these tombs; and (5) the funerary sequence in one of the few locations in the Knossos valley where both Neopalatial as well as Final Palatial use is attested. The proximity to and (re)use of Neopalatial tombs during the Late Minoan II–IIIA period and the need of some members of the local society to associate themselves with pre-existing burial structures are discussed. This publication contributes to ongoing discussions on bone and object manipulation, plus the numbers of burials per tomb, while revisiting the ‘richness’ levels of the Knossian tombs. It also places emphasis on taphonomy, the transition from Late Minoan I to II, and the funeral experience. It is argued that burying the dead in a purposefully formed space (i.e., in a rock-cut tomb) may have constituted an action of particular social and/or religious importance even in burials lacking any significant quantities and/or a diverse range of objects. The most important ramifications stemming from this study are assessed at the end of the paper.
Spontaneous walking characteristics of patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Heizmann Anne-Noëlle , Morel Antoine , Boissier Christian , Le Hello Claire
Published: December 2024

Summary: Background: Walking rehabilitation is the cornerstone of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) treatment. In order to propose a personalised walking rehabilitation program to each patient, it is important to know the PAD-patients walking characteristics. Such data are lacking in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyse the spontaneous walking characteristics of PAD patients. Patients and methods: This study was conducted between May 2016 and March 2018. Walking characteristics (cadence, stride, number of daily walking episodes, duration of an episode, distance covered during an episode, daily total walking duration and distance, walking speed) were recorded by Withings Pulse O2® activity trackers for one week in patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic PAD. Walking intensity was classified as ambling pace (<2 METs), slow walking (2–3 METs) and active walking (>3 METs). Study protocol has been approved by an independent ethics committee. Results: Eighty-seven patients were included (males 87%, mean age 66 ± 9 years, intermittent claudication 86%, right ankle brachial index (ABI) = 0.80 ± 0.19 and left ABI = 0.79 ± 0.15). The mean recording duration was 8 ± 1.2 days. Most of the steps were shuffling pace (shuffling pace 55.7%, active walking 32.8%, slow walking 11.5%). There was no significant difference between weekdays and weekend days nor for cadence, stride, episode duration, distance covered during an episode, number of daily walking episodes, daily total walking duration and distance. The average duration of active walking episodes was 3 minutes. Duration of active walking was less than 3 minutes in 66% of patients with a mean duration of 1 minute and 55 seconds. Conclusion: Analysis of PAD patients spontaneous walking characteristics with an activity tracker can get the maximum active walking duration achieved by each patient and be useful to offer a personalised walking rehabilitation program.
The Mental Toughness Scales (MTS)
Authors: Greinert Annika , Schöne Claudia , Wilhelms Maike , Stiensmeier-Pelster Joachim
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Mental Toughness (MT) empowers people – bringing about positive results in diverse critical situations. Nevertheless, research lacks systematic measurement instruments based on a clearly defined construct. This paper provides a context-independent, broad, and connectable understanding of MT and offers a matching assessment instrument in the form of the Mental Toughness Scales (MTS). In line with previous definitions and instruments, we identified five basic components of MT: the active control of (1.) dysfunctional cognitions, (2.) emotions, (3.) attention, (4.) motivation, and (5.) action decisions. Study 1 ( N = 208) presents the development of the German version of the MTS. Results show that MT is best conceptualized as a hierarchical construct with five correlated factors. Tests of measurement invariance indicated no differences concerning age. Study 2 ( N = 178) replicated these results and provided initial evidence of concurrent validity by showing high negative correlations between the MTS and neuroticism. Study 3 ( N = 108) confirms the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the MTS. Results show expected correlations between MT and external criteria from the learning and performance context (e.g., stress, test anxiety). In all studies, the MTS shows adequate to excellent reliability. The discussion focuses on the applications of the MTS.
Projecting Future Chronic Coastal Hazard Impacts, Hotspots, and Uncertainty at Regional Scale
Authors: Leung Meredith , Cagigal Laura , Mendez Fernando , Ruggiero Peter
Published: December 2024

While there is high certainty that chronic coastal hazards like flooding and erosion are increasing due to climate change induced sea‐level rise, there is high uncertainty surrounding the timing, intensity, and location of future hazard impacts. Assessments that quantify these aspects of future hazards are critical for adaptation planning under a changing climate and can reveal new insights into the drivers of coastal hazards. In particular, probabilistic simulations of future hazard impacts can improve these assessments by explicitly quantifying uncertainty and by better simulating dependence structures between the complex multivariate drivers of hazards. In this study, a regional‐scale probabilistic assessment of climate change induced coastal hazards is conducted for the Cascadia region (Northern Washington to Northern California), USA during the 21st century. Three co‐produced hazard proxies for beach safety, erosion, and flooding are quantified to identify areas of high hazard impacts and determine hazard uncertainty under three sea‐level rise scenarios. A novel chronic coastal hazard hotspot indicator is introduced that identifies areas that may experience significant increases in hazard impacts compared to present day conditions. We find that beaches near the California‐Oregon border and in Northern Washington have larger hazard impacts and hazard uncertainty due to their morphologic setting. Erosional hazards, relative to beach safety and coastal flooding, will increase the most in Cascadia during the 21st century under all sea‐level rise scenarios. Finally, we find that hazard uncertainty associated with wave and water level variability exceeds the uncertainty associated with sea‐level rise for most of the 21st century.
Here’s How the Hunga Tonga Eruption Sounded
Authors: Owen Rebecca
Published: December 2024

New Zealanders’ experiences during the Hunga Volcano’s eruption match seismic monitoring data.
Altitudinal Variation of O+ Scale Height at the Equatorial Topside Ionosphere
Authors: Gao Shunzu , Xiong Chao , Zhu Ziyuan , Zhan Weijia , Pignalberi Alessio , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2024

Altitude variation of the topside ionospheric electron density or its scale height has been widely investigated in the past. However, as the oxygen ion (O+) is an important indicator for separating the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere, the altitude variation of O+, which has not been well investigated, is crucial to understand the topside ionosphere. In this study, we provided analysis on how the O+ scale height varies with altitude under different solar and geomagnetic activities, by using 12‐year measurements from the incoherent scatter radar (ISR) located at Jicamarca. Constant scale height Chapman (CSC) as well as Linearly Varying Chapman (LVC) functions are used to reconstruct the O+ profile. The corresponding scale heights of O+ based on both approaches have been compared. The O+ profile derived from LVC function shows better agreement with the ISR measurements than that from CSC function. We found that the O+ scale height increases with increasing solar/geomagnetic activity, and its height gradient varies significantly with local time, reaching a maximum of 0.05 at sunrise (around 06:00 local time) and a minimum of about −0.08 at noon (around 12:00 LT). We further investigated possible drivers causing the O+ scale height variations at topside ionosphere, based on simulations from the SAMI2 physics‐based model. The model results show that the solar extreme ultra‐violet (EUV) radiation plays a key role in the positive gradient of O+ scale height observed around sunrise, while the vertical plasma drift caused by E × B significantly contributes to the negative gradient observed around noon.
A Link Between U.S. East Coast Sea Level and North Atlantic Subtropical Ocean Heat Content
Authors: Steinberg Jacob M. , Griffies Stephen M. , Krasting John P. , Piecuch Christopher G. , Ross Andrew C.
Published: December 2024

Using a recently developed 1/12th degree regional ocean model, we establish a link between U.S. East Coast sea level variability and offshore upper ocean heat content change. This link manifests as a cross‐shore mass redistribution driven by an offshore thermosteric sea level response to subsurface warming or cooling. Approximately 50% of simulated monthly to interannual coastal sea level variance south of Cape Hatteras can be statistically accounted for by this mechanism, realized as a function of regional ocean hypsometry, gyre scale warming, and the depth dependence of density change. This response to offshore warming explains the nonstationarity of U.S. East Coast sea level covariance, a specifically observed and modeled behavior after 2010. Since approximately 2010, elevated rates of sea level rise south of Cape Hatteras can be partly explained as the result of shoreward mass redistribution due to offshore subsurface warming within the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. These results reveal a mechanism that connects local coastal sea level to a broader region and identifies the influence of regional heat content changes on coastal sea level. This analysis presents a framework for identifying new regions that may be susceptible to enhanced sea level rise due to ocean warming and helps bridge the gap between quantifying large scale change and anticipating local coastal impacts that can make flooding and storm surge more acutely damaging.
Probabilistic Identification of Debris‐Flow Pathways in Mountain Fans Within a Stochastic Framework
Authors: Schiavo M. , Gregoretti C. , Boreggio M. , Barbini M. , Bernard M.
Published: December 2024

Debris flows are solid‐liquid mixtures originating in the upper part of mountain basins and routing downstream along incised channels. When the channel incises an open fan, the debris flow leaves the active channel and propagates downstream along a new pathway. This phenomenon is called an avulsion. We retrieve the most probable avulsion pathways leveraging a Monte Carlo approach based on using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Starting from LiDAR‐based DEMs, we build an ensemble of synthetic DEMs using a local Gaussian probability density function of local elevation values and obtain an ensemble of drainage networks using a gravity‐driven routing algorithm. The ensemble of drainage networks was used to obtain the most probable pathways of avulsions. We applied our methodology to a real monitored fan in the Dolomites (Northeastern Italian Alps) subjected to debris‐flow activity with avulsions. Our approach allows us to verify the consistency between the occurrence probability of a synthetic pathway and those that historically occurred. Furthermore, our approach can be used to predict future debris‐flow avulsions, assuming relevance in debris‐flow risk assessment and planning of debris‐flow control works.
Deep Learning Insights Into Ionospheric Sporadic E Irregularities Under Different Solar Activity Conditions
Authors: Tian Penghao , Yu Bingkun , Ye Hailun , Xue Xianghui , Wu Jianfei , Chen Tingdi
Published: December 2024

Solar activity profoundly modulates many atmospheric coupling systems, particularly the morphology of the ionospheric irregularities, which is crucial for reliable radio communication. However, the understanding of its long‐term response behavior under different solar activity conditions remains limited, and the exact evolutionary mechanisms of global scale ionospheric coupling system remain poorly constrained. Here we initially show from 2007 to 2018, the weak ionospheric sporadic E scintillation in high latitude regions experienced intensification corresponding with periods of high solar activity. Subsequently, we extend a deep learning model framework called SELF‐ANN proposed by Tian to further clarify the underlying relationship between solar activity and ionospheric irregularities. Compared to SELF‐ANN, we expand the scope of analysis to include data spanning from 2007 to 2018, thus broadening the investigation into the impacts of solar variability. Using long‐term solar activity data and observations of the ionospheric E region irregularity from COSMIC RO, this model was trained to provide solar‐dependent ionospheric morphology. Based on the model, we have successfully achieved high‐precision modeling of weak ionospheric E region irregularities, which commonly occur and are challenging to detect with ionosondes, under different solar activity conditions. Quantitatively, the model achieves a mean absolute error of 0.004, coupled with a Spearman's R value of 0.589 for weak scintillation. Ionospheric reconstructions under different solar activity conditions can improve the understanding of ionospheric evolutionary mechanisms and underscore the importance of incorporating solar variations into ionosphere changes forecasting to ensure the development of future reliable communications.
Assessing endothelial cytotoxicity induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors: insights from Raman and fluorescence imaging
Authors: Orleanska Jagoda , Krol Weronika , Majzner Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

Since their approval, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been widely used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
Prediction of impurity concentrations in AlN single crystals by absorption at 230 nm using random forest regression
Authors: Klump Andrew , Hartmann Carsten , Bickermann Matthias , Straubinger Thomas
Published: December 2024

A sample matrix of C, O, and Si doping in PVT-AlN is presented, and links between concentration and absorption coefficient are demonstrated. A trained random forest model offers a promising approach for the prediction of C, O, and Si content.
Acidogenic fermentation of dairy by-products for the utilization of volatile fatty acids IN PHBV production by Haloferax mediterranei
Authors: Urbina Leire , Rovira-Cal Eric , Nafarrate Ibai , Urkiaga Ana , Berganza Josu , Aymerich Enrique , Suárez Maria José
Published: December 2024

Acidogenic fermentation of cheese whey was performed to obtain streams rich in volatile fatty acids, which were successfully used as carbon substrates to biosynthesize polyhydroxyalcanoates by the bacterial strain Haloferax mediterranei.
Electropolishing Fe-based biodegradable metals for vascular applications: impact on surface properties, corrosion and cell viability
Authors: de Andrade Letícia Marin , Paternoster Carlo , Chevallier Pascale , Gambaro Sofia , Copes Francesco , de Oliveira Sales Vinicius Fidelis , Mantovani Diego
Published: December 2024

Electropolishing was regulated mainly by two main mechanisms: a) a controlled mass transport and b) an adsorption mechanism.
Stabilization of nesquehonite for application in carbon capture utilization and storage
Authors: Kamala Ilango Nirrupama , Nguyen Hoang , Alzeer Mohammad , Winnefeld Frank , Kinnunen Paivo
Published: December 2024

We proposed a pathway to stabilize nesquehonite with the addition of phosphate which can enable the utilization of nesquehonite as a carbon-bearing material.
Thermally drawn porous sutures for controlled drug release using thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Seo Hyeonyeob , Ryu Woo Mi , Jang Jaehyun , Park Seongjun
Published: December 2024

Customizable porous sutures, fabricated via TIPS-TDP, achieve controlled drug release through tunable pore sizes and architectures, offering advanced solutions for biomedical applications in wound healing.
Sequence-controlled divergent supramolecular assembly of polyproline helices into metallo-peptide nanoparticles
Authors: Brightwell Dominic F. , Samanta Kushal , Watts Julie A. , Fay Michael W. , Palma Aniello
Published: December 2024

We report the divergent assembly of polyproline helices into two types of metallo-peptide nanoparticles. In this report we also show that the primary sequence is crucial to ensure a controlled and desired assembly.
TBD-catalyzed anionic ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane: a new route for the controlled synthesis of PDMS
Authors: Corfa Alice , Caillol Sylvain , Pinaud Julien , Ladmiral Vincent
Published: December 2024

The controlled anionic ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) was optimized for a commercial and easy-to-use organic catalyst, 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), employing various types of initiators.
Enantioselective Mannich reaction of ketone enolates with imines through cooperative B/Cu catalysis
Authors: Wu Jiangbo , Ji Mingtong , Li Zhiming , Tu Shengyi , Cen Zhihe , Huang Kai , Wang Yan , Zheng Changwu , Wu Xiaoyu
Published: December 2024

A B/Cu catalytic system has been developed for an asymmetric Mannich reaction between isatin ketimines and ortho-hydroxyacetophenones. The reaction features nucleophilic activation of ketones by borinic acid, forming an enol boronate complex.
Expression of concern: Plasmonic photothermal destruction of uropathogenic E. coli with reduced graphene oxide and core/shell nanocomposites of gold nanorods/reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Turcheniuk Kostiantyn , Hage Charles-Henri , Spadavecchia Jolanda , Serrano Aritz Yanguas , Larroulet Iban , Pesquera Amaia , Zurutuza Amaia , Pisfil Mariano Gonzalez , Héliot Laurent , Boukaert Julie , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Plasmonic photothermal destruction of uropathogenic E. coli with reduced graphene oxide and core/shell nanocomposites of gold nanorods/reduced graphene oxide’ by Kostiantyn Turcheniuk et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2015, 3, 375–386, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TB01760A.
Die Entwicklung des kindlichen Sehvermögens
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: December 2024

In dieser DHZ-Ausgabe beschäftigt sich die Rubrik „Funktionelle Anatomie“ mit der Entwicklung des Sehsinns und der Sehwahrnehmung bei Kindern.
Multimodal zur Immunkompetenz
Authors: Jahn Claus
Published: December 2024

Wenn Infekte bei Kindern ungewöhnlich häufig oder schwerwiegend auftreten, spricht man von Infektanfälligkeit, häufig assoziiert mit angeborenen oder erworbenen Immundefiziten, psychosozialen Belastungen, Umweltfaktoren oder Ernährungsdefiziten. Zu den präventiv wirksamen Maßnahmen zählen Impfungen, gute Hygienepraktiken, gesunde Ernährung, ausreichende Flüssigkeitszufuhr, gesunder Schlaf, Bewegung, Aufenthalte im Freien, eine gesunde soziale Einbindung sowie ein frühes Immuntraining durch „Spielen im Dreck“, Menschen- und Tierkontakt. Während die konventionelle Therapie insbesondere mit Antibiotika und Immunmodulatoren arbeitet, kommen in der Naturheilkunde unter anderem Phytotherapeutika (zum Beispiel Echinacea, Thymian), Ernährungstherapie, Ordnungstherapie und Komplexhomöopathie zur Anwendung.
Parapharyngeal Space: Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention
Authors: Vogl Thomas J. , Burck Iris , Stöver Timo , Helal Rania
Published: December 2024

Diagnosis of lesions of the parapharyngeal space (PPS) often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its deep location. As a result of the topographical relationship to nearby neck spaces, a very precise differential diagnosis is possible based on imaging criteria. When in doubt, imaging-guided – usually CT-guided – biopsy and even drainage remain options.

Through a precise analysis of the literature including the most recent publications, this review precisely describes the basic and most recent imaging applications for various PPS pathologies and the differential diagnostic scheme for assigning the respective lesions in addition to the possibilities of using interventional radiology.

The different pathologies of PPS from congenital malformations and inflammation to tumors are discussed according to frequency. Characteristic criteria and, more recently, the use of advanced imaging procedures and the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) allow a very precise differential diagnosis and support further diagnosis and therapy. After precise access planning, almost all pathologies of the PPS can be biopsied or, if necessary, drained using CT-assisted procedures.

Radiological procedures play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of PPS pathologies.
Einblick in die Ausbildung zum Diploma in Expedition and Wilderness Medicine
Authors: Dieterich Rolf
Published: December 2024

Erneut fand 2024 der Expeditionsmedizinkurs der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Berg- und Expeditionsmedizin (BExMed) im Trentino (Italien) statt. In 7 Tagen konnten die, bereits in vorgängigen Kursen erlernten, theoretischen und praktischen Kenntnisse weiter vertieft werden. Hiermit wurden die Voraussetzung für die Erlangung des Diploma in Expedition and Wilderness Medicine der Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme (UIAA), der International Society for Mountain Medicine (ISMM) und der International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR) geschaffen. Dieser Rückblick auf den Sommerkurs soll eine Einordnung in den Gesamtkontext und Überblick über die Ausbildung bieten.
Operative Sanierung einer penilen Elephantiasis
Authors: Zugor Vahudin , Addali Mustapha , Hager Benjamin , Kajaia David
Published: December 2024

Enorm große Genitallymphödeme, wie die penoskrotale Elephantiasis, ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild. Sie ist meistens ein Folgezustand rezidivierender, entzündlicher Prozesse, Traumata oder Malignome, wobei weltweit die Hauptursache die lymphatische Filariasis ist. Weiterhin stellt sie eine Herausforderung sowohl für den Patienten als auch für das behandelnde Team dar. Durch Verlegung der Lymphbahnen entsteht zunächst ein lokales Ödem. Im weiteren Verlauf kommt es durch Fibrosierung und damit Verschlechterung der Lymphabflusswege zu rezidivierenden Infekten mit irreversibler elephantiastischer harter Schwellung und Hautveränderungen. Je nach klinischem Stadium kommen konservative bzw. operative Therapieverfahren infrage. Wobei bislang ein evidenzbasiertes Therapieregime fehlt. Eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Ärzten, Physiotherapeuten und eine aktive Mitarbeit des Patienten sind für den Erfolg der Therapie von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Drei Monate am KCMC in Moshi, Tansania
Authors: Reinsberg Max Hendrick , Reinsberg Charlotte
Published: December 2024

Das KCMC in Moshi ist eines der größten Krankenhäuser Tansanias. Hier gibt es, neben einer Intensivstation, einer Onkologie mit Palliativmedizin, einer Neurologie und Neurochirurgie, sogar eine Dialyseeinheit. Es hat zugleich eine der größten dermatologischen Kliniken Ostafrikas. Ausschlaggebend für unsere Bewerbung in Moshi waren insbesondere das universitäre Setting sowie die Tatsache, dass die Kollegen am KCMC die Zusammenarbeit mit internationalen Gästen kennen.
In Vivo Acquisition of Human Retinal Double-Pass Images during Simulated Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Sperlich Karsten , Bohn Sebastian , Gerlach Mario , Schubert Julia , Stolz Heinrich , Guthoff Rudolf , Stachs Oliver
Published: December 2024

Background The aim of the study was to capture images that form on the human retina after the simulated implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL). White light was used rather than the commonly used near-infrared light, which is unsuitable for the examination of diffractive IOLs. For this purpose, a special optical setup was developed to investigate the influence of the IOL design on two-dimensional retinal images in vivo.

Materials and Methods A double-pass ophthalmoscopic setup with a scientific CCD camera system was developed. Imaging the retinal image of a white LED located at infinity provides access to the double-pass point spread function of the natural eye. Subsequently, a see-through device for simulated IOL implantation (VirtIOL, 10Lens S. L. U., Terrassa, Spain) was integrated to investigate the influence of the IOL design on the retinal image quality of complex scenarios.

Results Retinal images were acquired from an incoherent white point light source. Combined with simulated IOL implantation, retinal images were acquired from the point light source, letters, and a United States Airforce target on a 6-m distant monitor. As expected, the double-pass images obtained with a monofocal IOL were sharper than those obtained with a multifocal IOL.

Conclusion The method opens up access to double-pass point spread function for white light, thus solving the problem of infrared light-based methods providing incorrect results when examining diffractive IOLs. This approach may be helpful for the investigation of perception in the future.
Sterben und Tod an Bord von Schiffen
Authors: Schlaich Clara , Oldenburg Marcus
Published: December 2024

Todesfälle in der Schifffahrt sind Ausnahmesituationen: „Person über Bord“, Unfälle, Schiffbruch, Suizid. Auch bei einem Tod aus natürlicher Ursache stellen sich rechtliche, ethische und medizinische Fragen. Im Juni 2022 veröffentlichte die International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) eine Guideline: „Faith and Burial for Seafarers“ 1. Die ICS verweist darauf, dass es in den letzten Jahren – verstärkt durch die Restriktionen während der COVID-19-Pandemie – schwieriger geworden sei, die verstorbenen Seeleute nach den Wünschen der Angehörigen angemessen und zeitgerecht in die Heimat zurückzuführen. Die Reedereiorganisation wirbt dafür, den Glauben und die religiösen Praktiken der Seeleute und ihrer Familien zu respektieren und gibt praktische Hilfestellungen, wie mit Verstorbenen der Religionen Bahai, Buddhismus, Christentum, Hinduismus, Islam, Jainismus, Judentum oder Shikismus umgegangen werden sollte 1.
Integrating Stakeholder Priorities for the Optimization of Care of the Preterm Infant in a Safety-Net NICU
Authors: Sewell Elizabeth , Locsin Miguel , Bugg George , Bugg Kimarie , McGinnis Kate , Jackson Mary , Maitre Nathalie , Peagler Sierra , Robinson Dana , Serano Andrea , Roberts Jessica
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to engage clinical and community stakeholders to create a prioritization matrix of interventions to reduce neonatal brain injury and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Study Design We collaborated with our community partner to establish a Lived Experience Advisory Group (LEAG). Faculty performed a literature review to identify neonatal neuroprotective interventions; additional priorities from the LEAG were also included. Project leaders scored and presented intervention bundles for impact. Stakeholder priorities for value/feasibility were obtained via questionnaire. Mean values were incorporated into a prioritization matrix.

Results Themes from discussions with LEAG members included the role of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parent, the experience of trauma, shared decision-making, communication and trust with the health care team, and bias in medical care. Five interventions were placed in the highest priority quadrant of the prioritization matrix: thermoregulation, maternal antepartum steroids, delayed cord clamping, optimized oxygen delivery, and optimized glucose regulation.

Conclusion It is feasible to incorporate community and parent values into clinically oriented neuroprotective intervention bundles for preterm infants. This clinical–community collaboration is vital to ensure that our project objectives meet the needs and priorities of the population it is intended to serve.

Key Points
Kombinationstherapie bei pulmonaler arterieller Hypertonie – Switch von Selexipag zu intravenösem Treprostinil
Authors: Heine Alexander , Obst Anne , Opitz Christian F. , Halank Michael , Richter Manuel , Lange Tobias , Ewert Ralf
Published: December 2024

Aktuell ist ein breites Spektrum von Substanzen zur Behandlung von Patienten mit pulmonaler arterieller Hypertonie verfügbar. Die aktuellen Empfehlungen orientieren sich bei der initialen medikamentösen Therapie an dem Risiko der Patienten. Bei Patienten mit hohem Risiko wird schon initial eine Triple-Kombination verschiedener Substanzen unter Einbeziehung von Prostanoiden empfohlen.

In der prospektiven, einarmigen, unverblindeten Studie sollte geklärt werden, ob PAH-Patienten unter einer Triple-Therapie von der Umstellung von Selexipag auf intravenöses Treprostinil profitieren. Primärer Endpunkt war das Erreichen eines „Low-Risk“-Status nach 6 (12) Monaten.

Es wurden 27 PAH-Patienten (45 [37; 61] Jahre, 77,8% Frauen) eingeschlossen. Bei Studienbeginn wurden sie einem „Low-Risk“- (n=1), „Intermediate“- (n=12) oder „High-Risk“-Status (n=14) zugeordnet. Eine Verlaufsbeobachtung erfolgte im Mittel über 8 (Spanne 5–11) Monate bei 22 Patienten. Ein Patient wurde nach 4 Monaten erfolgreich transplantiert, weitere 4 Patienten verstarben (in 1 Fall septische Komplikationen unklarer Genese; in 3 Fällen progredientes Rechtsherzversagen). Der primäre Endpunkt (Erreichen des „Low-Risk“-Status) wurde von 12/21 (57,1%) Patienten erreicht (ein weiterer Patient verblieb im „Low-Risk“-Status).

Diese Daten geben (trotz der geringen Zahl von Patienten) einen Hinweis darauf, dass auch bei etablierter Triple-Therapie durch den Wechsel von Selexipag auf intravenöses Treprostinil eine klinische Verbesserung einzelner Patienten möglich ist.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children with Achondroplasia: 17 Years' Experience from a Multidisciplinary Team
Authors: Guerdile Maria Jose , Fano Virginia , Pino Mariana del , Leske Vivian
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to describe sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and treatment in children with achondroplasia (ACH). A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted at the Sleep Unit, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan. Children with ACH, aged 0 to 18 years, referred for SDB due to clinical symptoms or foramen magnum stenosis (FMS) with at least one polysomnography (PSG) between 2002 and 2019 were included in the study. The primary outcomes included SDB typification and therapeutic interventions. We included 89 patients; 79.7% had one PSG, 13.4% had two PSGs, and 5.6% had three PSGs. The first PSG confirmed SDB in 65.16% patients. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was present in 59.6% patients, central sleep apnea (CSA) in 1.72% patients, OSA + CSA in 4.49% patients, and normal PSG in 34.83% patients. OSA was mild in 32.07% patients, moderate in 18.86% patients, and severe in 49.05% patients. Clinical and airway evaluation, central imaging, evoked potentials, and PSG were considered before each therapeutic decision. After the first PSG, patients received one or more treatments as needed: watchful waiting; nasal steroids; ear, nose, and throat surgery; foramen magnum decompression; and noninvasive ventilation. A second PSG was available in 18 patients and 72.22% had SDB. A third PSG was available in 10 patients and 77.8% had SDB. We reconfirm an elevated frequency of SDB in ACH children and underline the need for a multidisciplinary and stepwise longitudinal approach.
Variability in Palliative Care and Discharge Disposition in a National Sample of Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chu Francesca M. , Palama Brett K. , Hoehn K. Sarah
Published: December 2024

This study investigates factors associated with palliative care consultation (PCC) and discharge disposition among pediatric patients who were declared death by neurological criteria (DNC). It hypothesizes PCC is associated with longer stays and chronic conditions. It aims to identify disparities in PCC rates and factors associated with the continuation of technological (somatic) support after brain death, which is costly and indicates difficulties families face in accepting brain death diagnoses. This retrospective observational study used the Pediatric Health Information System database and included patients ≤21 years old who were declared DNC between 2015 and 2022; demographics, diagnoses, discharge disposition, and PCC status were extracted. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were developed. Of 3,169 patients from 44 hospitals, 14.2% (n = 449) received PCC, and 3.1% (n = 97) were discharged as “not expired,” indicating continued technological support after brain death, with transfer to a location other than the pediatric intensive care unit. PCC rates varied from 0 to 80.0% (median 11.0%); the percentage “not expired” ranged from 0 to 33% (median 0.4%). PCC was associated with longer stay in days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.01, p < 0.001) and malignant condition (aOR = 2.69, p < 0.001), and negatively associated with trauma (aOR = 0.59, p < 0.001). Discharge as “not expired” was twice as likely in trauma than nontrauma patients (aOR = 2.00, p = 0.006), and less likely in Black than White patients (aOR = 0.34, p = 0.002). PCC rates were lower in trauma patients and higher in malignant conditions and longer stays. White patients had higher rates of discharge as “not expired,” indicating continued ventilatory support at family request. Further research is needed to integrate palliative care and mitigate disparities.
Coccygectomy: Therapeutic Results of 12 Cases of Posttraumatic Coccygodynia
Authors: Barry Louncény Fatoumata , Bah Alpha Boubacar , Bah Mohamed Lamine , Kponou Arnold Sagbo , Atakla Hugues Ghislain , Donzo Ansoumane , Souare Ibrahima Sory , Cherif Mohamed , Bah Djenaba , Diallo Aminata Rouguiatou , Keita Fode Ibrahima Kourala , Doumbouya Ibrahima Sory , Conde Alpha Youssouf , Balde Souleymane , Beavogui Luc Kézély , Souare Ibrahima Sory
Published: December 2024

Introduction Coccygodynia is pain localized in the coccygeal region. Symptoms can be relieved after conservative treatment. In refractory cases, surgical treatment gives good clinical results. We report 12 cases of posttraumatic coccygodynia refractory to conservative treatment managed surgically.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective analysis including the records of all patients operated on in the neurosurgery departments and units of the Conakry University Hospital and the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital for posttraumatic coccygodynia refractory to conservative treatment over a 4-year period from January 2019 to December 2022 with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 12 months.

Results Twelve cases were identified over a 4-year period with a mean age of 36 years and a male predominance (7 males/5 females). Coccygodynia was the main complaint and was present in all patients. The mean visual analog scale was 8.7 and the mean body mass index was 24.1. Sacrococcygeal computed tomography scans were performed in all patients. The indication for surgery was given after failure of conservative treatment. Three patients underwent partial resection of the coccyx and nine underwent total resection. All patients underwent postoperative sacrococcygeal radiography. Progress was favorable in 75% of patients. Morbidity included two cases of surgical site infection and zero mortalities.

Conclusion Although the number of cases in this study was small, our positive results in terms of symptom improvement and satisfaction rates suggest that coccygectomy is a relatively safe and effective means of treating traumatic coccygodynia when nonsurgical methods have failed.
Genotype First Approach as a Diagnostic Strategy for Precision Medicine in Moroccan Families with Nephronophthisis
Authors: Batta Ourayna , Cherkaoui Imane J. , Rahmuni Yasmina , Amllal Nada , Soulami Kenza , Sefiani Abdelaziz , Lyahyai Jaber
Published: December 2024

Nephronophthisis is a group of autosomal recessive kidney diseases characterized by chronic tubulointerstitial abnormalities leading to kidney failure. The incidence of nephronophthisis varies globally, and its genetic heterogeneity presents significant difficulties in diagnosis. Herein, we present a molecular diagnosis of four unrelated Moroccan families fulfilling the clinical criteria of nephronophthisis. As first diagnosis step, screening for a homozygous NPHP1 gene deletion, the most common mutation, was performed by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, clinical exome sequencing was carried out on patients in whom no NPHP1 deletion was identified. Three novel pathogenic variants in NPHP1, INVS, and NPHP4 genes were identified and confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proband and other family members. These variants are absent from genetic databases of patients and controls of Moroccan origin. The bioinformatics analysis classified these variants as pathogenic. Our findings expand the genotypic spectrum of nephronophthisis and highlight the importance of genetic testing in patients from low- and middle-income countries to obtain a precise diagnosis of nephronophthisis. This helps facilitate an appropriate and personalized genetic counseling and improves clinical outcomes for patients with this condition.