bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitalization of the Russian Economy: Between East and West
Authors: Digilina Olga B. , Chernyaev Alexey M.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the authors consider models for building digital economy systems in foreign countries. The relevance of research is primarily due to the need to develop a clear and coherent understanding of the optimal scheme of digital construction in the economy of the Russian Federation, which at the initial stage is impossible without analyzing the experience already existing in the world. It is necessary to identify both stimulating and inhibiting factors that influence the effectiveness of the digital transformation of foreign economic systems. The purpose of the study is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the most successful global models of building a digital economy, followed by the development of an understanding of their applicability in Russia. Thus, in this paper, the authors offered their answer to the question: “Can the Russian Federation successfully apply the already proven strategy of digital transformation of the economy or is it necessary to develop unique own solutions?” To do this, the authors examined statistical data characterizing the economy of advanced states from the point of view of digital transformation, regulatory documents regulating state policy in this area, as well as the positions of researchers working in this direction. The use of the statistical analysis method made it possible to compare the factors of influence and the results of digital construction. Within the framework of a formal and logical approach based on the study of the provisions of strategic planning documents of foreign countries, the authors formulated some possible scenarios for the further development of the digital transformation of the economies of Europe, the United States and China. As a result of the conducted research, the authors concluded about the possibility of using certain digital construction tools used abroad, in Russia, and also assess the degree of effectiveness of the introduction of foreign models of digital transformation into the practice of the domestic economy.
The evolution of EU accession requirements for North Macedonia
Authors: Minovska Mila
Published: October 2023

Since Republic of North Macedonia has been a candidate country for European Union membership for almost two decades, the goal of this article is to shed a light on the conditions and requirements that were set before Macedonia and their evolution for this time period. For that purpose the article, annual reports of the European Commission on Macedonia’s progress were reviewed. Further on, analysis of the development of Macedonia’s macroeconomic indicators was carried out which was followed by a comparative analysis of the state of the economic development of the Central and Eastern European countries - member states of the European Union, at the moment of their accession. It was established that the EU enlargement process have undergone significant changes since its foundation. Over time, the changed political environment within the EU has led to a significant strengthening and tightening of the rules and criteria. The inefficiency of the latest accessions provoked the EU once again to change the accession negotiation process and introduce new accession process that is significantly more political than economic. In Macedonia’s case, it was political and not economic requirements that led to the country becoming stuck in its EU accession process. The economic results achieved by Macedonia during the researched period, even though lower than the average for the union, were still higher that the results shown by some Central and Eastern European counties at the time when they became members of the EU. Therefore, is no doubt, that Macedonia’s path to the EU was conditioned by political obstacles, the same situation continues today. But the major question that still stand unanswered is weather this kind increased politicization of the process is contradictory to the merit-based system the EU prides itself on.
IN VITRO PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY TEST OF TELANG FLOWER KOMBUCHA AS ANTIBACTERIAL Vibrio Cholerae AND Shigella dysenteriae THROUGH FERMENTATION BIOTECHNOLOGY METHOD
Authors: Rezaldi Firman , Somantri Ucu Wandi , Fadillah M Fariz , Pruschia Isti Dwi , Margarisa Dwiyarina , Maharani Maharani
Published: October 2023

Diarrhea that occurs in the digestive tract is a big problem for human intestinal health. This can be caused by the activity of pathogenic bacteria in the form of Vibrio cholera and Shigella dysinteriae. In this study, kombucha has been shown to have pharmacological activity in vitro in inhibiting the growth of Vibrio cholera and Shigella dysinteriae bacteria at all sugar concentrations. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro pharmacological activity of the butterfly pea flower kombucha in inhibiting the growth of the two test bacteria consisting of a sugar concentration of 20%, 30% and 40%. The method for testing the inhibition of both bacterial growth tests is disc diffusion. One way ANOVA and post hoc analysis are one of the quantitative test methods used in this study of the average diameter of the inhibition zone of teal flower kombucha from various sugar concentrations. The results of this study have proven based on a one-way ANOVA with each P value> 0.05 and then continued through post hoc analysis concluded that the telang flower kombucha at a concentration of 40% is the best treatment in inhibiting the growth of both test bacteria where the concentration is significantly different from sugar concentration 20% and 30%.
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF PLANTS USED FOR HAIR CARE BY GAYO WOMENS IN BENER MERIAH
Authors: Ernilasari Ernilasari , Saudah Saudah , Ahadi Rizky , Rubiah Rubiah
Published: October 2023

Gayo women in Bener Meriah Regency are one of the communities that still maintain the use of plants as cosmetics, one of which is used as hair care. Each ethnic group has its own way of using plants according to local wisdom, but it’s knowledge is only passed down orally from generation to generation without any written documentation. This research aims to find out about the species of plants used as hair care by Gayo women in Bener Meriah. This research uses an exploratory survey method. Sample determination was carried out using snaw ball sampling. The sample includes housewives and youth from the Gayo tribe, as well as people who use plants as hair care. The data was analyzed descriptively qualitatively and the data was displayed in the form of tables and figures. The results of the research show that there are 11 plant species used in Gayo women's hair care.
Políticas públicas da educação em Guiné-Bissau
Authors: Gomes Bruno , Silva Natalino Neves da
Published: October 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os desafios para a conquista do direito à educação na Guiné-Bissau, por meio das políticas públicas, durante o período pós-independência. Essa reflexão torna-se necessária no sentido de elucidar a realidade social contemporânea deste país em termos da garantia desse direito social voltada para a população guineense. Os principais procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram: i) o exame de documentos oficiais; ii) a realização da pesquisa bibliográfica e iii) a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos apontam que para a efetividade da garantia do direito à educação relacionada ao acesso e permanência de toda população guineense, conforme previsto nos marcos legais analisados, há um longo caminho de construção do processo democrático a ser percorrido.
In vivo nitrosative stress-induced expression of a photolyase primes Vibrio cholerae readies Vibrio cholerae for environmental blue light
Authors: Zhu Jun , Hrycko Andrew J. , Byun Hyuntae , Li Qiushi , Pu Qinqin , Brockett Mary R. , Banerjee Arkaprabha
Published: October 2023

Bacterial pathogens possess the remarkable ability to sense and adapt to
their constantly changing environments. For example, Vibrio
cholerae, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera,
thrives in aquatic settings and infects human hosts, employing dynamic
strategies to ensure survival between diverse environments. In this
study, we utilized RNA sequencing to investigate how V. cholerae
responds to nitric oxide (NO), a common stressor encountered during
infection. We found that cry1, encoding a photolyase, which
repairs DNA damage caused by exposure to blue light—a stressor found
in aquatic environments—was induced by NO. We observed that
cry1 was activated upon exposure to blue light and Cry1
contributed to mitigating blue light-induced reactive oxygen species
(ROS) production and stress responses. Cry1 is important for protecting
cells against blue light-induced cell death. Furthermore, we showed that
pre-induced Cry1 production, either by exposure to reactive nitrogen
species (RNS) in vitro or in mice, enhanced V. cholerae’s
resistance to blue light. Additionally, we found that V. cholerae
Cry1 and the E. coli ortholog PhrB were crucial in resisting
reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, cry1 expression was
regulated by RpoE and the anti-sigma factor ChrR, with two cysteine
residues in ChrR playing vital roles in sensing RNS and blue
light-induced ROS, thereby modulating cry1 expression.
Collectively, our findings suggest that V. cholerae encounters
host-derived NO during infection, and the subsequent induction of Cry1
primes the bacterium effectively for challenges in aquatic environments
abundant in blue light once it exits the host gut.
Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Stilbene: Exploring Pterostilbene as a Powerful Ally Against Aging and Cognitive Decline
Authors: Dutta Bhaskar , Rakshe Pratik , Maurya Niyogita , Chib Shivani , singh sanjiv
Published: October 2023

The therapeutic potential of natural stilbenes, with a particular focus
on pterostilbene (PTE), has emerged as a promising avenue of research
targeting age-associated conditions encompassing cardiovascular diseases
(CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cognitive decline. This comprehensive
investigation delves into the intricate mechanisms through which PTE, a
polyphenolic compound abundant in grapes and blueberries, exerts its
advantageous effects as an anti-aging agent. Central to its action is
the modulation of hallmark aging processes, including oxidative damage,
inflammatory responses, telomere attrition, and cellular senescence.
PTE’s notable ability to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier
amplifies its potential for safeguarding neural health, thereby
facilitating the regulation of neuronal signalling cascades, synaptic
plasticity, and mitochondrial functionality. Through engagement with
sirtuin proteins, it orchestrates cellular resilience, longevity, and
metabolic equilibrium. Encouraging findings from preclinical studies
portray PTE as a robust candidate for counteracting age-linked cognitive
decline, augmenting memory consolidation, and potentially ameliorating
neurodegenerative maladies such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The
synthesis of current scientific insights accentuates the promising
translational prospects of PTE as a potent, naturally derived
therapeutic agent against cognitive impairments associated with aging.
Consequently, these collective findings lay a solid groundwork for
forthcoming clinical inquiries and innovative therapeutic interventions
in this realm.
The Sensitivity Research on Design Parameters of Excavator Engine Cabin Louvers
Authors: yang zhaotong , Gao Yunkai , Shi Wang , Yang Fan
Published: October 2023

Aiming at the noise reduction problem of fixed platform mass production
excavators, the application method of acoustic packaging louvers is
proposed. Under the premise of economy, louvers’ application is an
important means of acoustic packaging, which can effectively reduce
noise through reasonable design and installation. Based on the
applicability of boundary element under pressure boundary conditions,
the insertion loss sensitivities are obtained by OFAT method for four
parameters of louvers’ fin, which are orientation, spacing, coincidence
rate and inclination angle. Thereby the impacts of these four parameters
on the acoustic packaging performance are quantified. The insertion loss
evaluation method based on acoustic power measurement is proposed, which
is more reliable than the traditional single-point sound pressure
measurement. Sensitivity analysis of insertion loss confirms that there
is a critical level of fin spacing, coincidence rate, and inclination
angle, and that crossing the critical value can degrade or even weaken
the marginal utility of acoustic packaging.
Young People's Pathways to a Specialist Suicide Prevention Service and the Influence of Caregiver prior Suicidality and Mental Health Treatment
Authors: Sidis Anna , Onay Zozan , Deane Frank , Robinson Laura
Published: October 2023

Aim. Timely help-seeking and pathways to care (PtC) have been
linked to positive outcomes in suicidal adolescents. While the
importance of formal contacts is recognised, caregivers also play a
significant role in these pathways. Caregiver’s familiarity with mental
health issues may influence an adolescent’s PtC. This study explores the
relationship between a caregiver’s prior suicidality and mental health
treatment on their children’s pathways to entering a specialist suicide
prevention treatment program. Method. Caregivers ( n =
118, 35 males and 83 females) of young individuals (12-25 years) who
were admitted into an outpatient suicide prevention service, completed a
self-report questionnaire describing their child’s onset of symptoms,
help-seeking, PtC and the caregiver’s prior suicidality and mental
health treatment. Results. Parents were the source most likely
to recognise the onset of suicidality, with general practitioners and
psychologists the most common first contacts. Significant delays were
identified for onset duration averaging 48.0 weeks, and it was observed
that shorter delays in treatment were related to fewer number of
contacts. Caregiver prior suicidality was associated with longer delays
in treatment but had no relationship with onset duration.
Conclusion. Caregivers and professional contacts are vital
agents in improving the PtC of suicidal adolescents. Results highlight
the significant delays in treatment and the added complexity of a
caregiver’s prior experience of suicidality to these pathways. These
complexities warrant further exploration to minimise obstacles that
hinder help-seeking and lengthen PtC, as this may improve interventions
and outcomes for suicidal adolescents and their caregivers.
Keywords. Pathways to care; delay in treatment; caregiver
familiarity; suicide; adolescent.
Healthcare Access and Perception on Traditional Medicine: Evidence from Vulnerable Sections of India
Authors: Mohanty Pratap C. , Sharma Kamal
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives The Covid19 has paved the way for
policy emphasis on the revival and preservation of herbal resources,
which could have sustainable implications and cost minimization.
Identifying relevant determinants of tribal healthcare access is
essential in the present context, not just from the societal point of
view but also for reviving the Indian System of Medicine and the
traditional values in healthcare. Tribal people are the most vulnerable
section in India. The study targets to identify the constraints in
accessing traditional medicine with an emphasis on tribal healthcare
challenges and their perception on traditional medicine. Methods
and Findings The present study employs field observations in explaining
the core determinants of healthcare practices of tribals (the vulnerable
section of India) and their constraints to accessing public health
facilities. The paper employed the Logit regression models with margin
effect to understand the relevant factors influencing access to
traditional medicine (TM). The role of cultural institutions, religious
beliefs, acceptance level, and socio-economic factors are emphasized in
addressing the constraints to the practice of TM. Conclusion
The findings of the paper answer the role of traditional medicines and
the acceptability of different types of healthcare systems from the
context of rejuvenating the traditional medicines which has implications
in terms of out-of-pocket expenditure. The empirical evidence from the
field survey reemphasizes the role of cultural factors in addressing the
massive use of traditional medicines in India. This helps in drawing
policy conclusions and also bridges the gap in literature.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of indigenous probiotic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum against skin pathogens Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96 and Propionibacterium acne MTCC 1950
Authors: Yadav Ashok
Published: October 2023

In this comprehensive study, the antimicrobial activity of selected
probiotic L. plantarum isolates against prevalent skin pathogens
Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96 and Propionibacterium acne MTCC 1950 were
evaluated. Our findings showcased a spectrum of antimicrobial efficacy
among these isolates, ranging from 10 mm ± 0.71 to 20 mm ± 0.58 against
S. aureus MTCC 96 and P. acne MTCC 1950. The study delved further into
the nature of antimicrobial agents by subdividing conditioned cell-free
supernatants (CFS) of L. plantarum isolates into three categories.
Results indicated that while 15 isolates were positive against S.
aureus, only two isolates (LpJ4 and LpJ5) maintained positivity with
conditioned CFS treatment. Similarly, although fourteen isolates
exhibited positive results against P. acne with non-conditioned CFS,
only three isolates (LpJ1, LpJ15, and LpJ19) demonstrated zone of
inhibition (>14mm) with conditioned CFS. These findings
emphasized the heightened antimicrobial activity of non-conditioned CFS
due to the presence of organic acids. Moreover, it suggested a potential
role of proteins in this antimicrobial activity, as demonstrated by the
loss of inhibitory effects following treatment with proteinase K.
Furthermore, our study explored the auto-aggregation and co-aggregation
capabilities of these probiotic isolates, indicating their potential to
adhere to gastrointestinal epithelial cells and facilitate microorganism
interactions. The understanding of these factors offers substantial
potential for the development of precise therapies aimed at addressing
skin infections attributed to these pathogens.
Formative Evaluation of Students' Abilities to procure in 2D Aimation Program
Authors: V.Wadmare Siddhantkumar , Bhokare Sandip H. , Vidyapeeth Dr.D.Y.Patil
Published: October 2023

The ability improvement program combines school understudies to acquire
information and abilities get through imaginative mastering in 2D
Animation Program. The understudies handle different projects of 2D
Animation, including: drawing, Photoshop and streak. The program is
instructed through participators strategy with more practical’s work
meeting and it is more difficulties that the understudy ought to
progressively determine. Students have experienced childhood in an
advanced climate with PC. This examination directed among school
understudies, who are going to 2D Animation program worked by
Establishment for Business venture and Vocation Advancement (IECD), Dr.
D.Y.Patil School of Design, Tiruchirappalli. A sum of 37 respondents who
are concentrating on 2D Animation, at their particular schools in Tamil
Nadu, are the example of the review. Study strategy was utilized.
Organized survey are utilized to gather the essential information from
the chose respondents. This exploration gives that the positive
discernments, among the respondents, who are going to the expertise
improvement program on 2D Movement, as far as, giving a superior
graphical information to understudies in their tutoring, educated
resources dealing with the graphical course, customary refreshing of
prospectus and dispersion of reading material on opportunity to the
understudies and the general perception of the review
Dendrogeomorphology for Post-hoc Erosion Evaluation in Southern U.S. Prairie Streams
Authors: White Joseph , Allen Peter , G Stephen Norair , T Samuel Barber , Dunbar John , Gao Jungang
Published: October 2023

Streambank erosion impacts rivers and reservoirs due to bank erosion.
However, little information of stream bank is available due to the need
for advanced planning. Dendrogeomorphology offers a post-hoc
method to calculate streambank erosion providing information about past
erosion events and processes. Bank retreat can be calculated by
dendrogeomorphology where the distance from a channel bank of an exposed
live root shows anatomical changes that are dated from the root’s growth
rings. We estimated bank erosion for three different sized southern U.S.
watersheds ranging in area from 4 to 3781 km using
dendrogeomorphology compared to modeled erosion based on critical
velocity required for sediment transport. Erosion values ranging from
3.8 to 13.5 cm/yr for the smaller drainages with no difference found
between root and modeled erosion rates. The large sub-basin had erosion
ranging from 33.6 to 196.4 cm/yr with high variance associated with two
prior 2-year flow events with significant differences found between root
and modeled values. We also found distance to bank strongly and
positively correlated with root exposure in straight sections of the
channel in contrast to roots collected in meander bends attributed to
erosion processes (i.e., scour, mass wasting) occurring at these
locations. When compared with other erosion studies across the southern
U.S. prairie, our values were similar in magnitude but with low
correlation to drainage area indicating site specificity of erosion
mechanisms. We confirm dendrogeomorphology provides reasonable estimate
of bank erosion across multiple spatial scales, important for watershed
management in areas lacking intentional and persistent monitoring.
Spatial distribution of nutrients and risk of eutrophication of Lake Tengrela in the municipality of Banfora in Burkina Faso.
Authors: Bouda Tiraogo Prince Florian , SOME Yélézouomin
Published: October 2023

The study characterises the spatial distribution of a selection of
nutrients from the literature review. A relationship is also established
between the selected nutrients and chlorophyll a, which is
characteristic of the trophic level of a water body. We used data from
water withdrawals during the high and low water seasons, linked to
specific coordinates, but also surveys of 36 producers around the shores
of the lake. Our results show different levels of nutrients in the water
body, modelled according to the lake’s right of way. The spatial
distribution of aquatic species is also disparate, as they are strongly
correlated with these nutrients, and the distribution of nutrients in
the water body depends on seasonality and parameters and the presence of
macrophytes according to the presence of nutrients. As for the farmers,
100% of them use chemical fertilisers and organic manure in their
production. These practices increase the presence of nutrients in the
water body. Our results confirm the fact that the spatial analysis of
the distribution of nutrients in the water body is, on the one hand,
strongly linked to the agricultural activities around the shores of the
lake and that they have an impact on the health of the lake. This
analysis will make it possible to understand and know the most
influential and problematic nutrient for the proper management of this
water body.
Rapid taxonomic categorization of short, abundant virus sequences for ecological analyses
Authors: Sjodin Anna , Willig Michael , Rodríguez-Durán Armando , Anthony Simon
Published: October 2023

Public health concerns about recent viral epidemics have motivated
researchers to seek novel ways to understand pathogen infection in
native, wildlife hosts. With its deep history of tools and perspectives
for understanding the abundance and distribution of organisms, ecology
can shed new light on viral infection dynamics. However, datasets
allowing deep explorations of viral communities from an ecological
perspective are lacking. We sampled 1,086 bats from two, adjacent Puerto
Rican caves and tested them for infection by herpesviruses, resulting in
3,131 short, viral sequences. Using percent identity of nucleotides and
a machine learning algorithm (affinity propagation), we categorized
herpesviruses into 43 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), to be used in
place of species in subsequent ecological analyses. Herpesvirus
metacommunities demonstrated long-tailed rank frequency distributions at
all analyzed levels of host organization (i.e., individual, population,
and community). Although 13 herpesvirus OTUs were detected in more than
one host species, OTUs generally exhibited host specificity by infecting
a single core host species at a significantly higher prevalence than in
all satellite species combined. We describes the natural history of
herpesvirus metacommunities in Puerto Rican bats and suggest that
viruses follow the general law that communities comprise few common and
many rare species. To guide future efforts in the field of viral
ecology, hypotheses are presented regarding mechanisms that contribute
to these patterns.
The role of lateral hypothalamic nucleus in mediating locomotive behaviors in pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Tian Xinmao , Wang Zizhi , Shi Yuhua , Jia Chongchong , Li Xiujuan , Li Mengke , Liu Haowei , Wang Zhenlong
Published: October 2023

The lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LHy) is located in the dorsolateral
hypothalamus of birds, and it is essential to many life processes.
However, limited information is available about the role of lateral
hypothalamic nucleus in mediating locomotive behaviors. Therefore, we
investigated the structure and function of LHy in pigeons (Columba
livia) using Nissl staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining methods
and constant current stimulation in the current work. The results shows
that LHy appears crescent in shape, and the three dimensional coordinate
value range is: A: 5.0-8.0 mm, L: 0.7-1.2 mm, D: 9.5-10.3 mm. The
dopaminergic neurons in the LHy were distributed in a small amount in a
concentrated manner, while the glutamatergic neurons were in a large
number of uniform distributions. The distribution of the two types of
neurons at each coronal level showed a significant positive correlation
(R 2 = 0.7516, P < 0.001). LHy mainly mediate forward movement
(P < 0.01) and ipsilateral lateral movement (P <
0.001), and both of them are significantly affected by the intensity of
electrical stimulation. Our results show that LHy can mediate the
generation of directional behavior in birds, which provides reliable
technical support for the research of animal robots.
Current options in the management of tree nut allergy. A systematic review and narrative synthesis.
Authors: Pasioti Maria , Xepapadaki Paraskevi , Mathioudakis Alexander G. , Lakoumentas John , Efstathiou Elvira , Papadopoulos Nikos
Published: October 2023

Background: Tree nut allergy is usually life-long and
potentially life-threatening. Standard of care consists of strict
avoidance of the culprit nut and symptomatic treatment of accidental
reactions. Objective: To evaluate the potential therapeutic
options for desensitization of patients with IgE-mediated tree nut
allergy, focusing on, but not limited to, immunotherapy.
Methods: We systematically searched three bibliographic
databases for studies published until July 2022 for active treatments of
IgE-mediated allergy to tree nuts (walnut, hazelnut, pistachio, cashew,
and almond) with allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) using oral (OIT),
sublingual (SLIT), epicutaneous (EPIT) or subcutaneous (SCIT) delivery,
or with other disease-modifying treatments. Results: We
included 17 studies (three randomized, double-blinded,
placebo-controlled, five quasi-experimental prospective cohorts, five
prospective cohorts, two retrospective cohorts, and two case reports.
Three studies investigated sublingual immunotherapy, five investigated
oral immunotherapy to a single tree nut, and six used multi-food oral
immunotherapy with (four) or without (two) omalizumab. The remaining
studies investigated the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies in
multi-food allergic patients, including patients with a tree nut
allergy. The heterogeneity of the studies prevented pooling and
meta-analysis. Conclusion: Even though strict avoidance remains
the standard of care for patients with tree nut allergy, alternative
approaches have been tested in clinical trials and real-life studies.
These new concepts require further investigation with more well-designed
studies including well-characterized nut allergic patients before
implementing them in daily clinical practice.
Exploratory Analysis of the Economically Justifiable Price of Nirsevimab for Healthy Late-Preterm and Term Infants in Colombia
Authors: Buendia Jefferson , Acuna-Cordero Ranniery , Rodriguez-Martinez Carlos
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Respiratory syncytial virus infection is the
leading cause of lower respiratory infection globally. Recently,
nirsevimab has been approved to prevent RSV infection. This study
explores the economically justifiable price of nirsevimab for preventing
RSV infection in Colombia’s children under one year of age.
Materials and methods. A static model was developed using the
decision tree microsimulation to estimate the quality-adjusted costs and
life years of two interventions: a single intramuscular dose of
nirsevimab versus not applying nirsevimab. This analysis was made during
a time horizon of 1 year and from a societal perspective.
Results The annual savings in Colombia associated with this
cost per dose ranged from U$ 2.5 to 4.1 million. Based on thresholds of
U$4828, U$ 5128, and U$19 992 per QALY evaluated in this study, we
established economically justifiable drug acquisition prices of U$
21.88, U$ 25.04, and U$ 44.02 per dose of nirsevimab.
Conclusion the economically justifiable cost for nirsevimab in
Colombia is between U$21 to U$44 per dose, depending on the WTP used
to decide its implementation. This result should encourage more studies
in the region that optimize decision-making processes when incorporating
this drug into the health plans of each country.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in pediatrics -- Viral etiologies and clinical outcomes in a Brazilian hospital, during 2021 and 2022.
Authors: Lopes Gabriela Ramos , Kanitz Flávia , Gomes Lucas Mendes , Marques Simone Ferreira da Silva
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Identifying the viral etiology of Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in pediatrics during the study period,
understanding the importance of each agent and its impact on different
age groups, comparing clinical outcomes based on identified etiology,
and educating healthcare professionals and managers for future seasonal
outbreaks. Study design: This is a descriptive, retrospective,
cross-sectional, and quantitative study. A total of 958 pediatric
patients who underwent a panel for respiratory viruses between December
2021 and June 2022 in a Brazilian secondary public hospital were
selected. The electronic medical records of those who met the criteria
for SARS were studied, and data was collected, compiled, graphically
grouped, analyzed, and compared based on the literature available on the
subject. Results: Out of the initially selected 958 patients,
532 met the criteria for SARS. The majority required respiratory
support, and the most prevalent etiology during the period was
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), which was also the main contributor
to unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions: This study reinforces the
need for prevention measures such as the use of palivizumab and the
importance of a vaccine against RSV for children. Additionally, it
allows for the improvement and better training of healthcare teams that
faced this increase in respiratory infections with unfavorable
progression during the same period.
A Review on the Representation of Substance Addiction in National Print Media
Authors: Yaman Özge , bilkay halil ibrahim
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to review the news about substance abusers in
the national print media and to determine the current state of affairs
in the print media. In the study conducted by using document analysis
method, 217 news articles that published in the first six newspapers
with high circulation in one year between 01.02.2022 - 01.02.2023 and
focused on substance addiction were reviewed. It was determined that the
descriptive characteristics of the individuals were mostly presented
explicitly in the news articles; news items with information content
were featured less than news items with punishment, suicide, death, or
more than one of them in combination; news items that resulted in
hospitalisation, treatment, and recovery were rarely featured; while the
committed crime implied the crime of the substance, the abuser became
the victim; negative discourses were used against abuser; and the news
items featuring celebrities involved innocent and encouraging discourses
about the substance. The language and content used in the news on
substance addiction should be edited. More sensitivity of media workers
toward substance addiction and the publication of news in cooperation
with psychiatric health workers will contribute to the positive impact
on the social perception of substance addiction and the recovery
processes of substance abusers.
Rural Pensions, Intra-Household Bargaining, and Elderly Medical Expenditure in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Chen Zeyuan , Park Albert
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the impact of a new social pension program in the People’s Republic of China on the health expenditures of rural elderly people. Results show that receiving pension payments increases outpatient care utilization and expenditures among ill elderly people. Pensions improve bargaining power for elderly people who live with their children or grandchildren. This enables elderly people to spend more on health care. However, pensions have no significant effect on medical expenditures of elderly people who live independently.
Physicochemical evaluation of acid whey obtained from doble crema cheese produced in Belén, Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Pineda Erika Marcela , Torres-Vargas Golda Meyer , Cepeda-Fonseca Heley Estefany
Published: October 2023

The composition of acid whey makes it less usable, and it is an environmental and technical problem. This research aims to estimate the physicochemical characteristics of the doble crema cheese acid whey, from nine factories in the municipality of Belén in Boyacá. Laboratory methods were validated using the Lactoscan analyzer determinations and comparing them with reference methods. Accuracy was expressed in terms of relative error (% Edet) and f- and p-values; then, correlation curves were elaborated. To perform the physicochemical characterization of whey, fat, Solids-Not-Fat (SNF), protein, lactose, pH, total ash, calcium, density, and acidity were determined. The statistic of the comparison between analysis methods showed low percentages of relative error, there were no significant differences, and they had correlation coefficients greater than 0,8. The results of the physicochemical characterization showed differences in the content of protein, SNF, lactose, fat, ash, calcium, acidity, and pH. Each manufacturer has a manufacturing process for cheese and whey. There were no statistical differences for SNF, density, lactose, fat, ash, and pH within each company. However, there were differences between protein and acidity, even though companies work with the same quality of raw material and processing, there are deficiencies in the coagulation, drainage, and conservation of the whey. The analyzed acid whey is a good source of protein, calcium, lactose and has low fat content, which is attractive for manufacturing food products.
EU-taksonomien for bærekraftige aktiviteter – slik treffes norske foretak
Authors: Evensen Rasmus
Published: October 2023

EU-kommisjonen har de siste årene vist at de mener alvor når det gjelder arbeidet med å nå klimamålene sine. Sentralt i klimaarbeidet er EUs Green Deal, som er en strategi for grønn vekst med mål om å styrke konkurransekraften i europeisk industri parallelt med at Europa gjøres mer bærekraftig. For å lykkes med strategien anslår EU at unionen må investere ytterligere 700 milliarder euro årlig i grønn retning. Denne investeringsbyrden faller i hovedsak på privat sektor, og EU-taksonomien er et sentralt verktøy for å incentivere de nødvendige investeringene. Sentralt i EU-taksonomien er et klassifikasjonssystem som fastsetter hvordan økonomiske aktiviteter innen et utvalg sektorer kan kvalifisere som bærekraftige, og omfattede foretak pålegges gjennom regelverket en betydelig rapporteringsplikt. Denne artikkelen redegjør for rapportering etter taksonomiforordningen for ikke-finansielle foretak.
DISCRETIONARY ALLOWANCE FOR IMPAIRMENT LOSSES PASCA IMPLEMENTASI PSAK 71 DI INDONESIA PADA KELOMPOK BANK BERDASARKAN MODAL INTI (KBMI)
Authors: Eka Putri Widya Rizki , Dermawan Elizabeth Sugiarto
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris perbedaan Discretionary Allowance for Impairment Losses sebelum dan setelah implementasi PSAK 71 pada perbankan di Indonesia serta perbedaan Discretionary Allowance for Impairment Losses perbankan pada setiap Kelompok Bank berdasarkan Modal Inti (KBMI). Kategori per-KBMI dapat menunjukkan karakteristik spesifik dalam menuju keberlanjutan operasional perbankan. Belum adanya penelitian yang mengkaji perbedaan Discretionary Allowance for Impairment Losses pada setiap kategori Bank berdasarkan KBMI sehingga belum ada hasil spesifik atas respon Bank terhadap implementasi PSAK 71. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan Discretionary Allowance for Impairment Losses sebelum dan setelah implementasi PSAK 71 pada setiap Kelompok Bank berdasarkan Modal Inti (KBMI).  Implementasi PSAK 71 mendorong pengakuan kerugian kredit secara lebih awal dan lebih tepat, dengan mempertimbangkan risiko kredit yang lebih komprehensif sehingga mengharuskan pihak manajemen Bank membentuk dana cadangan (Allowance for Impairment Losses). Dalam proses pembentukan dana cadangan ini, professional judgement dari pihak manajemen semakin tinggi sehingga peluang untuk melakukan earnings management semakin besar. Perbedaan Discretionary Allowance for Impairment Losses yang signifikan juga ditemukan antar Kelompok Bank berdasarkan Modal Inti (KBMI) setelah implementasi PSAK 71. Bank yang berada pada level menengah (KBMI 2 dan KBMI 3) dan level bawah (KBMI 1) menghadapi tekanan yang lebih besar untuk mempertahankan kredibilitasnya saat Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 12 /POJK.03/2021 diterbitkan, sedangkan nilai Discretionary Allowance for Impairment Losses pada Bank KBMI 4 menunjukkan nilai terendah dari keseluruhan KBMI.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR INSTITUSIONAL YANG BERPENGARUH PADA NILAI PERUSAHAAN DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN-PERUSAHAAN STARTUP DI NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN
Authors: Susilowati Retno Yuni Nur , Alvia Liza , Desriani Neny
Published: October 2023

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of many start-up companies developing in ASEAN countries. This research aims to examine what factors can guarantee the success of startup companies, as assessed by financial performance and firm value. This research includes the variables of investor protection and capital market development as factors that influence the financial performance and firm value of startup companies in ASEAN countries. The data used is startup companies in ASEAN, namely Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The research data is in the form of financial reports of these companies for the last 5 years (2017-2021). The dependent variables in this research are financial performance (measured by return on invested capital and return on equity) and firm value as measured by Tobin's Q. The results of hypothesis testing show that statistically H1a is supported, meaning that investor protection in a country has a positive effect on the financial performance of startup companies. , whether measured by ROIC or ROE. Next, statistically H1b is supported, meaning that investor protection at the country level has a positive effect on the value of startup companies, as measured by Tobin's Q. Hypothesis testing also shows that statistically H2a is not supported, meaning that the development of a country's capital market has no effect on the company's financial performance. startups. Finally, the test shows that statistically H2b is not supported because capital market developments affect firm value in the opposite direction.
Decision Tree Models for Predicting the Effect of Electronic Waste on Human Health
Authors: Opoku Samuel K. , Obeng Asare Y. , Ansong Mary O.
Published: October 2023

Informal processing of electronic waste has become one of the commonest sources of employment in developing countries which has contracted a great impact on human health due to the improper disposal of the heavy metals found in these waste materials. Several research works have been conducted to predict e-waste generation and management. Unfortunately, there is no study to predict the disease associated with the activities of informal e-waste products and their disposal. This study predicts the categorized disease of a person working and/or living at an electronic waste dump site based on their activities and their lifestyle using decision tree algorithms. The categorized diseases are skin, respiratory and reproductive diseases. The work compared the performance of C4.5 algorithm which used the Chi-squared test for tree pruning to handle overfitting with the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm which used tree depth control to handle overfitting. The C4.5 algorithm proved to be more effective than the CART algorithm. The study recommends that whenever two or more algorithms can be used to handle the same problem in principle, they should all be used and their results be compared.
Modeling A Renewable Energy System That Relies on Biofuel Production Using Bacteria and Stores it through Chemical Storage Systems
Authors: Hussany Firas
Published: October 2023

The need for bioenergy as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels is increasing, and the production of biofuels using bacteria is considered one of the prominent methods used in this field. This research aims to model the process of producing biofuels using bacteria and storing them using a chemical storage system. A mathematical model was used to analyse the process, where the chemical constants and optimal environmental conditions for the process were determined. The process variables were identified, including acidity level, increased production coefficient, and the effect of thermal variables on the process. The productivity and efficiency of the process of producing biofuels using bacteria were analysed, and the effect of environmental variables on this process was studied. The produced biofuels were stored in a chemical storage system, where the system was analysed, and the appropriate conditions for safely storing biofuels were determined. The data resulting from the mathematical model and the storage system were analysed and graphed. The research concluded that biofuels can be efficiently produced using bacteria and safely stored using a chemical storage system. The effect of environmental variables was analysed, and the chemical constants used in the mathematical model were optimized, resulting in a significant improvement in the efficiency of the process. The results of this research can be used to improve the process of producing biofuels and develop safer and more efficient storage systems for biofuels.
Možnosti automatickej transkripcie v platforme Transkribus na príklade správ o vybavovaní sťažností občanov v období komunistickej diktatúry
Authors: Smida Matej
Published: October 2023

This thesis discusses the basic options of work in an application Transkribus, about its benefits, pitfalls and innovations that we presented in the selected sample of archival documents with the topic of citizen complaints during the governance of the Communist party in Czechoslovakia in the 1948-1989. Gradually we have documented the process of working with historical sources in Transkribus, preparation, transcription and the results. Because we focused on typewritten documents only, we compared the results with other ways and options of transcription, we evaluated their usability, which leads to interesting conclusions and results. The thesis is also supported by statistical indicators and pictorial schedules on the basis of which we have did specific conclusions. In the thesis we also present the issue of citizen complaints as a topic of historical research.
Černobyľská havária: environmentálna komunikácia v socialistickej tlači
Authors: Molnárová Patrícia
Published: October 2023

The study deals with the reflection of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion (1986) in the ideologically determined environment of the socialist daily press. The issue is interpreted in relation to environmental communication about a historical event with a direct impact on the environment. The interdisciplinary theoretical background links environmental communication, environmental history, political-ideological and media discourse of the socialist era in the time of emerging glasnost and perestroika. The aim of the research is to present the media portrayal of an environmental event in its historical, political, and ideological context and to outline the primary communication techniques used to convey it. The research interpretations are based on a content and critical analysis of 35 texts published in the Slovak national (Pravda) and regional periodicals (Smer) within one month after the Chernobyl accident. The research sample includes reports, interviews, articles, commentaries, and statements by the highest officials of the Soviet Union. In the contemporary context, environmental issues are subordinated to the political-ideological media discourse in terms of both the formal positioning in the analysed medium and the content focus of the text. The research results reflect the characteristic manifestations of the language of the socialist period (manipulative communicative techniques, emotionally determined argumentation, information selection, schematization, stereotyping, argument from authority, etc.) applied to the conditions of environmental communication.
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMATIC BEHAVIORS AMONG LEARNERS IN CLASSROOMS BY TEACHERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Jacob Lizanne , Aloka Peter JO
Published: October 2023

The study explored the identification of problematic behaviors of learners in the classroom by teachers in Midrand in the Gauteng province of South Africa. This study was informed by Bandura’s Social Cognitive theory. The multiple case study design was chosen for this study. The participants comprised fifteen teachers (15) who teach grade four in the three public primary schools in Midrand. This study employed semi-structured interviews for data collection. Thematic analysis was adopted to analyze the qualitative data.  The results of the study indicated that teachers identified the problem behaviors by observing learners in and out of class, observing disruptive behaviors, observing uncooperative learners, observing disobedience behaviors, and assessing learning difficulties. The study recommends that Life orientation teachers should teach learners to be aware of the practical skills that are required in times of crisis, when they are experiencing emotional stress, instead of acting out by displaying problem behavior.
Foreword
Authors: Matthíasson Þórólfur G.
Published: October 2023

This issue of Tímarit um viðskipti og efnahagsmál is entirely dedicated to celebrating Professor Gudmundur Magnusson as he retires from his official duties as teacher, scholar and administrator at the University of Iceland. The contributors are either collaborators of Gudmundur or former students, or both. All the contributors presented a version of their papers at a conference given in Gudmundur’s honour in November 2007. The conference was organized by the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration in collaboration with the University of Iceland and Gudmundur’s numerous friends in and out of academia. Other sponsors of the conference include the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Business Affairs, the Federation of Icelandic Industries and the University of Iceland Lottery.