bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF IRRADIATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE POINTS WITH MAGNETIC INFRARED RADIATION ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL STATUS OF DOGS WITH HYPOPLASTIC ALIMENTARY ANEMIA
Authors:   National Research Mordovian State University name after N.P. Ogarev, Kalyazina Natalia Yurievna , Rodina Elvira Vladimirovna ,   National Research Mordovian State University name after N.P. Ogarev, Rodin Valery Nikolaevich ,   National Research Mordovian State University name after N.P. Ogarev
Published: November 2024

Currently, regenerative alimentary anemia associated with inadequate animal feeding is common in dogs, and the introduction of non-traditional methods of influencing the body into veterinary practice is becoming relevant. To activate hematological and hematopoietic parameters in animals, it is recommended to influence the BAT meridian of the kidneys. The research was conducted on the basis of the veterinary clinic "Happy Elephant" in Saransk and the scientific laboratory of the Department of Morphology, Physiology and Veterinary Pathology of the Agrarian Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "N.P. Moscow State University. Ogareva" in the period from October to December 2023. For experiments based on the principle of analogues, mongrel dogs with a diagnosis of hypoplastic regenerative alimentary anemia from the state shelter for homeless animals (Saransk) were selected, from which animal groups were formed (control and experimental 1, 2). Iron-containing drugs were used for the treatment of anemia for dogs of the 1st experimental group. The dogs of the 2nd experimental group were treated with the same iron-containing drugs in the same doses and additionally underwent magnetic infrared laser therapy sessions. Thus, the conducted studies convincingly show that the use of iron-containing drugs and optical radiation in the area of BAT and their combinations causes a pronounced hematological reaction in animals, their synergistic effect is pronounced and indicates the activation of hematological metabolism, which significantly increases the therapeutic effectiveness of the use of medicines.
CORRECTION OF METABOLIC DISORDERS IN STRUVITE TYPE CYSTOLYTIASIS IN CATS
Authors:   Don state agrarian university, Ushakova Tatyana Mikhailovna , Chichilenko Vitaly Sergeevich ,   Don state agrarian university, Derezina Tatyana Nikolaevna ,   Don state agrarian university
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the presented publication was to develop and test a multimodal algorithm for correcting metabolic disorders in struvite-type cystolytiasis in cats, based on data on the dynamics of circulating blood biomarkers and the nature of the manifestation of clinical signs. Methods. The object of research was: in the experimental group – mongrel cats with signs of tripelphosphate cystolithiasis at the age of 8-10 years, in the control group – mongrel cats with signs of tripelphosphate cystolithiasis at the age of 8-10 years. In the course of the research, clinical studies of sick animals, the method of biochemical analysis of blood serum and statistical methods were used. Results. In experimental animals, during the initial examination, metabolic disorders were characterized by the development of signs of urodynamic disorders, intoxication, dehydration, hyperazotemia, hyperproteinemia and hyperfermentemia. This type of changes was due to the involvement of the liver-kidney axis in the pathological process. After the experiment, only in the experimental group there was a significant decrease in the activity of the main blood transaminases and normalization of protein metabolism. Conclusions and discussion. The results of our study of the blood serum of sick animals indicated the development of metabolic disorders in struvite-type cystolytiasis. The use of the proposed algorithm for correcting oxidative stress in cystolytiasis in cats contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes in experimental subjects by reducing the level of circulating renal biomarkers (UREA, CREA, URICACID, T-Pro, ALB, GLB, A/G) and the activity of major liver transaminases (AST, ALT, AAR). After the experiment, the complete disappearance of the manifestation of the disease was noted in cats from the experimental group, and the weakening of most clinical signs was recorded on the 15th day of correction. The data obtained expand the list of available protocols for the treatment of struvite urolithiasis with intravesical localization of sand in cats.
FEATURES OF THE MANIFESTATION OF INFECTIOUS NECROSIS OF HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE IN FISH
Authors:   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Sibgatullova Adylya Kamilevna , Padilo Larisa Pavlovna ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Lyashenko Pavel Mikhailovich ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Lyashenko Elena Anatolyevna ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Romanova Elena Mikhailovna ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Lyubomirova Vaseline Nikolaevna ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Shadyeva Lyudmila Alekseevna ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin
Published: November 2024

The article presents generalized data on infectious necrosis of hematopoietic tissue of fish, as well as laboratory research methods and prevention of this disease. Infectious necrosis of hematopoietic tissue of fish (INHT) is a viral disease with a high infectious potential. Most often it is recorded in rainbow trout, steelhead and Atlantic salmon, chinook salmon, coho salmon, sockeye salmon, chum salmon, pink salmon, etc. This disease occurs in both freshwater and marine mariculture. Carriers of INHT are infected fish and asymptomatic carriers. Materials and methods: When writing the article, a detailed analysis of 52 current literature sources was carried out, including 10 scientific articles in Russian and 42 in English, indexed in the international databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, presented on the platform elibrary.ru and covering the period from 1960 to 2024. Results of the research: The disease in fish is accompanied by lethargy, abnormal movements in the water, sporadic circling, spiral swimming and splashing. The following symptoms are also noted in infected fish: darkening of the skin, exophthalmos, pale gills and mucous secretions, abdominal distension, opaque feces and petechial hemorrhages. In fingerlings with natural infection, the incubation period at a water temperature of 10-15 ° C is about 7 - 12 days. The "gold standard" for detecting INH is the isolation of the virus in cell culture followed by its immunological and molecular identification. Other research methods can be used to confirm the diagnosis of INH in fish. Serological diagnostics often requires the use of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to the pathogen. The classic virus neutralization test is time-consuming, as it takes 2-8 weeks to complete. However, this type of testing is still used to detect INH without harming the fish. Staphylococcal agglutination, virus neutralization, indirect fluorescent antibody testing, ELISA, PCR, and DNA probing methods can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Viral neutralization is the gold standard.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PCR TEST SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS SPP.
Authors:   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Suldina Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Merchina Svetlana Vasilyevna ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Molofeeva Nadezhda Ivanovna ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Kaldyrkaev Andrey Ivanovich ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Nafeev Alexander Anatolyevich ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin, Savina Elena Vladimirovna ,   Ulyanovsk state agrarian university named after P.A. Stolypin
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of research on the development of a primer system and a probe for the identification of bacteria of the genus Streptococcus spp by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time. During the work, 68 samples of sanitary supervision facilities were selected from private subsidiary and peasant farms of the Ulyanovsk region and nearby regions. Using bacteriological methods, 4 strains of Streptococcus spp. bacteria, which are pathogens of bacteriosis in birds, were isolated and identified, which became the basis for further experiments. The optimal parameters of DNA isolation of Streptococcus spp. bacteria were determined and the effectiveness of its purification was evaluated. As part of the research, the Streptococcus pyogenes genome was analyzed, and a DNA region was identified, which, according to in-silico data, is common to representatives of Streptococcus spp and responsible for the catalysis of aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the ribosome. The reference strain of Streptococcus pyogenes strain NCTC12064: 1,424,599 belongs to the selected unique region. 1,425,795 bp. specific oligonucleotides were selected (direct primer (f) 5’-3’ TCTACGGCGATTGGGTGGAT; reverse primer (r) 3’-5’ GAAGGTGGGCGTCACACTCC) and probe (GCTGGAAGTTCGATTGAACCTG, fluorescent dye FAM, extinguisher BHQ-1). The optimal concentration of primers (5 pmol) and samples (0.4 pmol) was determined. In the experiments conducted, the primer system demonstrated 100% specificity when tested on heterologous bacterial strains and sensitivity equal to 100 cells/ml. The results obtained during testing confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for the rapid and accurate identification of Streptococcus spp bacteria, which is important for microbiological diagnosis and infection control.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX TREATMENT REGIMENS FOR DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN CATS
Authors:   Don state agrarian university, Alekseeva Tatyana Viktorovna , Alekseeva Maria Andreevna ,   Don state agrarian university
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of research on the comparative effectiveness of complex treatment regimens for dermatophytosis in cats. Dermatophytoses are a widespread group of infectious diseases known since ancient times, but still a problem even for modern clinical veterinary medicine. Despite the fact that vaccination against fungal infections for cats is a fairly common procedure in Russia, these diseases do not cease to be registered in our country. At the moment, veterinarians have increasingly begun to use systemic antifungal drugs in the treatment of animals, which show high effectiveness in combating dermatophytosis. They have a convenient application scheme, the drugs have a cumulative effect in tissues, while they do not have a toxic effect on the liver. This indicates the need to develop this topic, to develop new tools for animal immunization. It is also necessary to choose the most effective treatment regimen for this disease in order to minimize its spread among cats living in shelters, specialized kennels, and to prevent infection of people in contact with them. The development of effective methods for the treatment of dermatophytosis in cats is one of the promising areas of veterinary science and practice. since they are zooanthroponotic diseases. On the basis of the veterinary clinic of Amigo Vet LLC (Moscow Rostov-on-Don) conducted a study of the therapeutic and economic effectiveness of the inclusion of the drug "Fungivet" (JSC "AGROBIOPROM", Russia) in a comprehensive therapeutic regimen for the treatment of dermatophytosis in cats. Based on the obtained research results, it was found that the scheme using the drug "Fungivet" was therapeutically more effective than the scheme used at the enterprise, and allowed to reduce the recovery time of animals. The developed scheme of complex therapy contributed to an increase in the resistance of the animals of the experimental group, accelerated the process of restoring the skin barrier and reduced alopecia on the coat, which is directly proportional to the decrease in the amount of the pathogen on the skin, although treatment according to this scheme was less cost-effective.
STUDY OF NITROGEN BALANCE IN THE BODY OF EXPERIMENTAL BULLS OBTAINED AS A RESULT OF INTERBREEDING
Authors:   Don state agrarian university, Levkovskaya Elena Vladimirovna , Kurbatova Ekaterina Ivanovna ,   Don state agrarian university
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of studies of nitrogen balance indicators in the body of experimental bulls obtained as a result of crossing bulls of the Russian brown breed with cows of Kalmyk, red-mottled and red-steppe breeds. The study of nitrogen balance and utilization in animals plays an important role. Based on the nitrogen balance, it is possible to assess the level of protein absorption from feed, as well as an increase or decrease in protein content in the animal's body. The problem of providing animals with protein remains important, since the lack of protein in the diet leads to incomplete realization of livestock productivity and a decrease in the efficiency of feed use. One of the ways to reduce protein deficiency in feed is the rational rationing of protein nutrition, which minimizes the loss of nitrogen in the feed during digestion and assimilation by animals. The formation of a balanced diet should be based on the principles of metabolism and energy processes in the body. However, in practice, experts still do not apply the features of nitrogen use by productive livestock. It is known that ruminants receive the necessary protein due to microbial protein and feed protein that have not disintegrated in the rumen. Microbial protein is formed in the pre-pancreas using nitrogen obtained from decomposed feed protein. Nitrogen balance analysis plays a key role in the prediction and control of metabolism in ruminants, since the high digestibility of the substance does not guarantee its effective use in the body. This makes it possible to increase the productivity of these animals based on the conducted research and the results obtained.
Utilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacteria in Weed Control and Phosphate Supply in Oil Palm (Elais Guineensis Jacq.) Plantations
Authors: Revitaningrum Aliyah , Lay Audrey Josephine , Iskandar Kania Ramadhani , Razhin Muhammad Nabil
Published: November 2024

With growing environmental concerns, sustainable management practices in oil palm plantations are becoming increasingly essential. This review examines the potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens as a biological agent for both weed control and phosphate solubilization in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cultivation. A systematic literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases, focusing on studies published between 2007 and 2023. Studies that investigated the role of Pseudomonas fluorescens in enhancing plant growth through weed suppression or improving phosphate uptake were selected. The findings reveal that Pseudomonas fluorescens can significantly benefit plant health by minimizing weed competition and enhancing the availability of phosphorus in the soil. However, challenges such as the variability in environmental conditions, strain specificity, and scalability of application persist. The review highlights the importance of further field trials and experimental research to refine the practical use of Pseudomonas fluorescens in achieving more sustainable oil palm production.
Internalization of Environmental Externalities: Processing Palm Waste into Renewable Energy
Authors: Rifdah Utami Hasna Nadhifah  , Prof. Dr. Ir. Eka Intan Kumala Putri M.Si
Published: November 2024

In 2021, the European Union issued a lawsuit at the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding the halt in palm oil exports. The European Union Parliament considers the palm oil industry in Indonesia to be one of the triggers of deforestation, degradation and other environmental problems. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2019, the area of ??oil palm plantations in Indonesia reached 14.3 million hectares and the area of ??oil palm plantations in the Province was 2.7 million hectares (Yanti and Lestari 2020). This is based on the high demand for oil from palm oil and its derivative products which has an impact on negative externalities due to the extraction process carried out. The Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) production process produces many products such as Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). Crude palm oil (CPO) production plays an important role in both the local-global environment and socio-economics. In this case, Internalization of Externalities is needed to minimize dirty oil (palm oil waste) which is detrimental to third parties from the management process carried out. Based on the case study of Panyabungan Village, the externality value for liquid palm oil waste is IDR 146,194,433,- after internalizing the externalities, we get a Total Economic Value (TEV) of IDR 627,602,359,- with the liquid waste and solid waste aspects of palm oil in three locations namely; Jambi, Bengkulu and Kalimantan. As a preventive form of assessing externalities, economic and environmental studies also include a SWOT analysis to develop strategies for the sustainability of Palm Oil in Indonesia.
Komunikasi Anak Perempuan dan Single Father: Tantangan, Hambatan, dan Peran Media Sosial
Authors: Permatasari Yulia Putri Kartika , Puspitasari Annisaa Aprilia , Pratiwi Meisyi Naishilla Defti
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pola komunikasi antara anak perempuan dengan ayah yang berstatus sebagai orang tua tunggal (single father) di wilayah Jabodetabek, khususnya dalam konteks peran ibu yang telah meninggal dunia. Melalui pendekatan konstruktivis dan studi naratif, penelitian ini menggali dinamika sosial dan personal dalam komunikasi keluarga, dengan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara mendalam sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa komunikasi antara anak perempuan dan single father cenderung langsung dan to the point, yang sering kali mengurangi kedalaman emosional dalam hubungan mereka. Hambatan utama dalam komunikasi ini mencakup kesulitan menemukan waktu bersama, ketidakhadiran peran ibu, serta perbedaan respon ayah terhadap kebutuhan emosional anak perempuan. Penggunaan media sosial, seperti WhatsApp, terbukti menjadi alat yang efektif dalam menjembatani celah komunikasi, dengan memberikan fleksibilitas dan kenyamanan dalam interaksi. Meski komunikasi digital memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal isyarat non-verbal, media ini mampu menciptakan ruang bagi keterbukaan emosional yang lebih besar. Melalui teori Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) dan Social Information Processing, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan yang kuat dan bermakna dapat terbentuk melalui komunikasi digital, meskipun terbatas pada pesan berbasis teks. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya keseimbangan antara komunikasi langsung dan pemanfaatan teknologi dalam membangun hubungan yang sehat antara anak perempuan dan ayah sebagai single father, terutama dalam kondisi ketidakhadiran ibu.

 

Kata Kunci : Komunikasi keluarga, single father, anak perempuan, Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), keterbukaan emosional.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Event Pemasaran, Promosi Media Sosial Instagram dan Pemasaran Hubungan Terhadap Keputusan Pasien Berobat Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Rayhan Subang
Authors: Budiyanto Didik , Pradiani Theresia , Fathorrahman Fathorrahman
Published: November 2024

Rumah Sakit Rayhan Subang merupakan salah satu rumah sakit swasta tipe C di Kabupaten Subang, meskipun baru berdiri namun sudah diterima oleh masyarakat hal ini dengan meningkatnya angka penggunaan tempat tidur yang luar biasa dalam dua tahun terahkir ini. Hal ini menjadi menarik untuk diteliti dimana sebagai rumah sakit swasta tentunya kinerja BOR (Bed Occupancy Ratio) menjadi sangat penting karena berbanding dengan penerimaan pendapatan rumah sakit itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisa Keputusan Pasien Berobat Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Rayhan Subang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan cara pengisian kuesioner dengan metoda teknik purposive sampling. Pada penelitian ini ditentukan populasi pasien dengan pembayaran umum pada bulan Januari – Februari 2024 di RS Rayhan sebanyak 115 pasien, melalui rumus Slovin maka diperoleh sample sebanyak 89 pasien sebagai responden. Data penelitian selanjutnya diolah secara metoda kuantitatif dengan Analisa Regresi Linear Berganda menggunakan SPSS 27. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setiap variabel yang diteliti yakni Kegiatan Even Pemasaran, Promosi Media Sosial Melalui Instagram dan Pemasaran Hubungan atau Relasional masing masing memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan Pasien untuk berobat rawat inap di RS Rayhan Subang.
Tokoh Liberal Indonesia H. Munawir Sjadzali & Pendekatan Hermeneutik dalam Tafsir
Authors: Saidi Ali Akbar Bin Sutan , Hussin Haziyah , Fakhrurrazi Ahmad , Nazri Mohd
Published: November 2024

Islam Liberal adalah satu bentuk pemikiran baru yang dianuti sebahagian besar cendekiawan muslim khususnya yang berlatar belakang pendidikan barat. Penyebaran fahaman Islam liberal ini telah tersebar luas di kalangan cendekiawan muslim Indonesia. Bagi golongan ini agama hendaklah ditundukkan kepada waqi' (realiti) semasa. Penyebar fahaman liberal ini di Indonesia adalah satu jaringan organisasi yang disebut dengan "Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL). Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) berdiri rasmi pada tanggal 8 Mac 2001. Tujuan JIL adalah melawan segala bentuk fundamentalisme dan radikalisme agama. Golongan ini menggunakan metod pentafsiran Al-Quran yang berbeza dengan metod pentafsiran ulama-ulama tafsir sebelumnya dengan menggunakan kaedah Hermeneutika. Hermeneutika adalah merupakan alat yang diguna pakai terhadap teks dalam menganalisis dan memahami maksud teks serta menampakkan nilai yang terkandung di dalamnya. Penelitian kajian ini akhirnya mendapati kaedah Hermeneutika boleh mendekonstruksi (merubah) syariat agama Islam misalnya dengan mengatakan Al-Quran adalah produk budaya, finalitas kenabian Muhammad Saw perlu ditinjau kembali dan lain lain yang sangat menyimpang jauh dari keyakinan Ahli Sunnah wal Jamaah. Peranan Hermeneutika adalah untuk menyingkirkan ilmu alat yang selama ini dipakai dan disepakati ulama tafsir dalam mentafsirkan al-Quran seperti Usul al- Tafsir dan Ulum al-Quran dan beberapa ilmu lain yang telah lama dipakai dalam tradisi Islam. Salah satu tokoh cendekiawan Indonesia yang menggunakan kaedah Hermeneutika dalam pentafsiran ayat al Quran adalah H. Munawir Sjadzali.
Canção popular e política: Ary Barroso e a assinatura sonora da nação
Authors: Lima Ricardo Alexandre de Freitas
Published: November 2024

Empreende-se uma análise histórico-musical da possibilidade de se usar a canção como instrumento de convencimento político. Por meio da observação de parâmetros que conformam a canção, almeja-se a compreensão de elementos corresponsáveis pelo engajamento do signo musical. Tal tratamento político da produção artística é observado a partir da investigação realizada num importante período da história republicana do Brasil: o Estado Novo. A escolha do recorte se dá pela efetivação de uma ditadura e pelo tensionamento de forças que lançaram mão de artifícios para a efetivação de uma cartilha ideológica. Ponto nevrálgico deste processo é a produção de representações e imagens (acústicas) capazes de acessar o imaginário de um idealizado “povo brasileiro”. Os sambas-exaltação de Ary Barroso – destacadamente Aquarela do Brasil - são nossas fontes . Suas canções foram tomadas como meio de conformação de uma fala discursivo-musical que desenha e constrói o que se convencionou chamar de “povo brasileiro”.
Effect of Feed Restriction and Manganese Supplementation on the Immunological and Physiological Traits and Glycogen Level of Broiler Ross 308
Authors: Ajafar Majeed , Al-Jebory Hashim Hadi , Al-Saeedi Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

The addition of manganese to the feed was applied to support the immune system of chickens and improve physiological characteristics and energy levels during and after the period of feed restriction of broiler (Ross 308). Using 180 chicks, divided into five groups with 45 chicks in each group and distributed into three replicates, each replicate contains 15 chicks. The groups were 0 manganese (Mn) + (ad libitum diets), 0 Mn + Feed restriction 8 h/day, 75, 100, and 125 mg Mn/ kg feed+ feed restriction 8 h/day for groups  G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 respectively, and were subjected to feed restriction (8 hours/day) for 8-14 days of the experiment. The results were:  significantly (P≤0.05) superior to group G4 in the relative weight of the Bursa of Fabricius at the age of 21 days and for the groups G3 and G5 in the antibodies of Newcastle and IBD at the age of 21 and 35 days and group G3 in the relative weight of the thymus gland at the age of 35 days. In liver glycogen superiority of groups  G1, G4, and G5 group increase in the muscle glycogen and red blood cells, the groups  G1, G4 and G5 were significantly superior at the age of 21 days, and the group of G4 was superior at the age of 35 days compared with the rest of the groups , also significant increase in the ratio of H/L, triglycerides, uric acid, AST and ALT enzymes of G2 group at 21 and 35 days of age, while the cholesterol concentration of G2 and G4 groups  increased at 21 days of age compared to the rest of the groups.
A study of the Hydraulic properties of the Shatt al-Arab by the Influence of tidal Movement and Feeding of the Tigris River
Authors: Oleiwi Abdalrda Jassim , Dheyab Ali Hamdhi , Fares Mohammad Naser
Published: November 2024

This study was conducted to diagnose the effect of variables in the movement of tides and the amount of water released from the Tigris River on some hydraulic properties in the course of the Shatt al-Arab, four stations were selected for the study, namely Al-Sada Al-Noor station, the paper factory, Al-Ashar, and Sehan, and included a measurement, which are the cross-sectional area, discharge volume, net discharge, and water levels. According to the tidal movement located within the lunar calendar for the months of Jumadi Al-Akhir, Rajab, Shaaban, and Shawwal for the year 1443 AH, corresponding to the months from January to June 2022, and for a full tidal cycle (13 hours).  The results showed that there is a variation in the cross sections between the studied stations in terms of the shape of the section and depths, and there is a spatial variation in the levels of the studied stations and the variation of the daily and monthly tide range spatially and temporally and according to the studied stations and measurement periods in terms of being the period of flood tide or neap tide, as we note the height of this range in the southern part of the river. The water discharges of the tides varied spatially and temporally according to the stations and these discharges increase as we head towards the mouth of the river, and increase in periods of flood tide for periods of the tide, as for the net daily and monthly discharge, it decreased in the paper factory station from the station of Al-Sada Al-Nour by approximately 10 m 3 sec-1 to represent the water consumption of the area between the two stations.
The effect of some disinfectants in inducing the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Rauf Azheen Kawa , Al-Nashi Taghreed A. Wahwah
Published: November 2024

Cells that are physiologically viable but cannot be cultivated on traditional culture media are referred to as viable and non-culturable cells (VBNC), because it cannot grow or divided. Those bacteria enter the (VBNC) state under stressed conditions, as a survival strategy. Although the bacteria that fail to grow on conventional culture media, but are actually alive and can be resuscitated from the VBNC state under suitable conditions. The VBNC state may pose a great threat to food safety and public health. The bacteria such as Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 was entered the VBNC state when exposed to harsh conditions like the addition of preservatives, disinfectants, and food processing steps. In this paper, some bacteria (Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are all pathogens) were induced to enter the VBNC state by using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide at different contact times. Culturable methods, which include (enrichment and resuscitation methods and the ATPase method, were used for detecting the bacteria used in this study. The result showed that Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 was lost culturability and were not detected when treated with 0.01% sodium hypochlorite and 5% hydrogen peroxide for 50 minutes when detected by the enrichment method , whereas were detected by the ATPase method. However, the H2O2 and NaClO -treated bacteria recovered from a non-culturable to a culturable state in M9 minimal medium with the presence of 30 mM sodium pyruvate, Thus, the results suggested that conventional methods of detection the pathogenic bacteria, like enrichment methods, can not be used and could be caused big problems for health. While, the best method for detecting VBNC bacteria was the ATPase method in terms of speed, accuracy, and ease.
Phytochemical analysis and SCoT molecular Marker used to Determine genetic Diversity of many fig Accessions distributed in Various locations of Sulaymaniyah province
Authors: Ahmad Faraydwn Karim , Noori Ibrahim Maaroof
Published: November 2024

Sulaymaniyah province, Kurdistan region, Iraq, is home to a large collection of wild and domesticated fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasms. But a lot of these valuable genetic resources have yet to be recognized or categorized by molecular markers. In this study, the identification and classification of 66-fig germplasms were done using phytochemical traits and SCoT (Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism) molecular marker. Total soluble solids (TSS), soluble sugar contents (SSC), total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity by DPPH all showed a large significant variation. There were 232 bands altogether, ranging from 13 bands for the SCoT03, SCoT12, SCoT14, SCoT15, and SCoT33, to 19 bands for the SCoT20. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.737 (SCoT3) to 0.983 in (SCoT21). The major allele frequency values ranged from 0.030 (SCoT21) to 0.500 (SCoT3). The number of alleles varied from 32 in SCoT3 to 63 alleles in SCoT21.  The Marker index (MI) values ranged between 9.58 in SCoT3 and 18.67 in SCoT21.   As well as, 15 SCoT primers were used to determine genetic diversity. The principal component analysis indicated that the fig accessions divided into 7.0 association groups. The dendrogram created by ward method classified the fig accessions into 5.0 clusters. Phytochemicals and SCoT marker data showed a wide range of diversity, with significant genetic variation across accessions originating from different populations. The conclusions of this study could aid in the conservation and further use of fig germplasms.
Efficiency of some Chemical factors in Stimulating systemic Resistance of Barley plant against Fusarium wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Farhan Theyab Abd Al-wahed , Theer Rashid Mushrif , Abed Jasim Mahmood
Published: November 2024

The results of sample collection that the fungus Fusarium oxysporum was accompanying all tested samples. The results of the test of the inhibitory ability of the second inducing factors (Melatonin at a concentration of 200 mg L-1 and Beta Amino butyric Acid( BABA) at a concentration of 2000 mg L-1 and SA at a concentration of 200 mg L-1) showed that all factors significantly reduced the national growth rate of fungus (4.33, 4.66 characteristics, 5.66) compared to With the treatment of the witness (9.00) cm. The treatment using BABA was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments in reducing the dry weight of the live mass, which amounted to 0.16 mg, followed by the treatment of SA and Melatonin, which amounted to (0.15, 0.13) mg. The same induction factors also significantly decreased some of the studied growth parameters (germination percentage, plant height, number of stems, and grain weight). The results showed an increase in the activity of peroxidase enzyme and the rate of accumulation of phenols as a result of using the above induction factors.
Analysis of combining Abilities and Gene effects for grain Yield and related traits in Durum wheat, (Triticum durum Desf.)
Authors: Sulaiman Fahmi Salih , Aziz Jasim Muhammad , Ismail Namam Bahram
Published: November 2024

This study included implementation of a half diallel crosses among ten genotypes of durum wheat in 2020-2021. The next growing season 2021-2022, first generation and the parents have been planted at the Agricultural Research Station of Koya/ Erbil by using Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The grain yield trait and its components were studied. General combining ability (G.C.A.) and specific combining ability (S.C.A.) and gene effects were estimated. The results revealed that parent (9) had desirable and high G.C.A. effects for all traits except of plant-height, while the cross (8×10) showed desirable S.C.A. effects for all traits. The additive variance (σ2A) was higher than dominant (σ2D) for the plant-height and number of grains/ spike. And the dominant variance was higher for the rest traits. High values of heritability in both broad sense (H2b.s.) and narrow sense (H2n.s.) were recorded for plant-height and number of grains/ spike. Average degree of dominance was greater than one for flag-leaf area, number of spikes/plant, 1000 grain weight and grain yield/plant. Whereas, moderate expected genetic advance was found for number of grains/spike and grain yield/plant.
Determinants of Value addition to Plantain among small-scale Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Falola Abraham , Musa Mobololaji Omolabake , Mukaila Ridwan , Olanrewaju Adetunji , Subair Taiye Hassanah
Published: November 2024

Value addition has been reported as a panacea for poverty among small-scale farmers. However, the factors that determine its use among plantain farmers are unclear. Therefore, this study focuses on the variables that affect plantain value addition among small-scale farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Using a three-stage sample procedure, a structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 120 plantain farmers—44 value adders and 76 non-value adders. Descriptive statistics and the Heckman two-stage model were used to analyze the data. The majority of the plantain value adders (70.5%) were female, whereas the majority of non-value adders (81.6%) were male. About 56.8% of the value adders processed plantain into plantain flour, while 29.6% were engaged in the production of both roasted plantain and plantain chips. The Heckman two-stage model's outcome showed that the decision to add value to plantain is influenced by the availability of processing equipment, gender, farm size, access to training, and proximity to market while the amount of value added to plantains was positively influenced by processing equipment, farm size, education level, access to training, and plantain output. The study further revealed that poor processing facilities, inadequate finance, and a low level of awareness (mean = 3.6) were the most identified constraints faced by the farmers. The study therefore recommends that farmers should endeavor to process plantain flour, as it is seen to be more profitable and economical.
Histological and chemical Susceptibility of some Potato cultivars Infected with new Strains of Pectobacterium carotovorum
Authors: Al-Fallooji Saba A.K. , Mohammed Akeel E. , Al-Gburi Bashar K.H.
Published: November 2024

The potential losses of potato yield due to soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum constitute a major threat to this crop, as the pathogen adapts to environmental and nutritional changes resulting in genetic patterns that are more virulent in infection of plant tissue. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the tissue and chemical sensitivity of some potato varieties infected with this bacteria. Results confirmed that the bacterial isolates belong to P. carotovorum according to diagnostic keys, microscopic and morphological examinations that indicated the bacteria is Gram-negative grew on the differential medium Yeast extract-dextrose-CaCO3 (YDC) as a yellow to cream colonies, convex, shiny, and circular. While on the D-3 agar medium, the colonies were white to cream, and on the Nutrient Agar medium (NA) was cream to shiny white. The outcomes of the biochemical tests indicated that P. carotovorum isolates gave positive results for some tests including Catalase and Hydrolysis of Gelatin. Other tests such as Oxidase, Starch hydrolysis, voges-proskauer, phynelalanen, and methyl red were negative. The isolates were molecularly diagnosed based on the 16 S rRNA gene, as new strains were obtained for the first time in the Iraq, which were deposited in GenBank (NCBI) under the accession numbers PP824981, PP824982, and PP824983. The highest percentage of infection and severity with the disease were recorded in Elmundo variety, which reached 42.10 and 22.14%, respectively. The results of the sensitivity test of some potato varieties to P. carotovorum showed that the highest rotted tissue was in Elmundo variety, which reached 4.98cm, compared to the control which reached 0.00cm. Based on the percentage of carbohydrates, protein and fats, Burren variety outperformed other studied varieties significantly reaching 8.44%, 1.17 mg/g and 0.15 mg/g, respectively, compared to the control treatment which reached 16.81%, 3.92 mg/g and 1.81 mg/g, respectively. While for phenols, flavonoids, nitrates and organic acids, Volare variety outperformed the other varieties, reaching 6.67 mg/g, 1.61 mg/g, 0.21% and 0.10%, respectively, compared to the control which reached 18.31 mg/g, 3.24 mg/g, 0.27% and 0.22%, respectively.
EEG-based Classifications of Alzheimer’s Disease by Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: C. R Nagarathna
Published: November 2024

The study has shown how classifiers behave when identifying and categorizing Alzheimer's disease stages. The main characteristics of various frequency bands were fed into the classifier as input. The accuracy of recognition is evaluated using machine learning classifiers. The effort aims to create a novel model that combines "preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification" to identify different stages of disease. The study starts with bands filtering, moves on to feature extraction, which derives several bands from the EEG signals, and then employs KNN, SVM, and MLP algorithms to measure classification performance. "AD detection and classification using machine learning classifiers KNN, SVM, and MLP" is the main focus of this research. Five wavelet band characteristics are used by the built classifiers to categorize different illness phases. These characteristics are computed using DWT, PCA, and ICA, which aid in obtaining wavelet-related knowledge for learning. The proposed machine learning model achieves a classification accuracy of 95% overall.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Disaster Prediction, Mitigation, and Response in the Philippines: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Baltazar Rommel , Florencio Bacabac , Vicente Aguda , Belizario Phillip
Published: November 2024

One of the most disaster-prone countries globally, experiences frequent natural calamities, including typhoons, earthquakes, and floods is the Philippines. This study explores the role of AI in enhancing disaster prediction, risk management, and mitigation in the Philippines. Using a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted between June 2023 and March 2024 with key stakeholders, including disaster management officials, meteorologists, and researchers. The findings highlight how AI technologies, particularly machine learning and neural networks, have significantly improved disaster forecasts by processing extensive datasets from meteorological, seismic, and geographical sources. AI-driven models are enhancing the accuracy of predictions for typhoons, earthquakes, and flood risks, contributing to more effective early warning systems and timely evacuation protocols. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including limitations in infrastructure, budget constraints, and data quality, which hinder the full adoption of AI in disaster risk management (DRM). Nevertheless, the study identifies substantial opportunities for further development, emphasizing international collaboration and policy support to promote AI integration in DRM. The findings suggest that AI holds immense potential to revolutionize disaster response strategies in the Philippines, and further research is needed to address technical barriers and enhance AI’s role in building resilient communities.
Analysis of Tourism Organization and Institution Responses to The Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Damasdino Fian
Published: November 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an extraordinary impact on the tourism sector. This paper examines tourism organizations and institutions in responding by studying data and actions that have been taken in the DIY area during the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. What tourism organizations and institutions have done in DIY can later be learned and can be adopted and applied in various regions in Indonesia. The research location focuses on the Special Region of Yogyakarta as one of the main tourism destinations in Indonesia. This study uses data collection methods in the form of primary data from field observations and interviews conducted directly by the authors, as well as using various secondary data from reports in local media in the DIY area. The author uses a qualitative descriptive data analysis method and content analysis (content analysis) on mass media coverage regarding organizational policies and tourism institutions in DIY. The results of the study show that tourism is one of the sectors that was greatly affected during the Covid-19 virus pandemic. Tourism organizations and institutions in DIY have prepared various programs so that tourism in this area can recover soon as before.
ONLINE MEASUREMENT OF FLOUR PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION USING PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR
Authors: Çankaya Nihat
Published: November 2024

Obtaining the ideal particle size is a vital factor in dust processes, from turning wheat into flour to cement and calcite production. However, the technology to measure particle size instantaneously during the production phase is still an area under development. These measurements made with electro-optical methods have limited use in industry due to their difficulties and excessive costs. Studies conducted with innovative acoustic emission sensors offer new hopes in particle size detection. These sensors can successfully measure the dimensions of a wide range of materials, from coal dust to metal powders to grass particles. Our study shows that these sensors can also measure the size of light flour particles instantaneously. Using developed method, the dimensions of five types of flour mixtures in the size ranges of 0-80 µm, 80-118 µm, 118-150 µm, 150-180 µm and 180-212 µm could be measured and classified with 100% success. Considering its potential to increase the efficiency of the milling process, this technology could revolutionize the milling industry.
INVESTIGATION OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE OF CYLINDER CORRUGATED SANDWICH STRUCTURES WITH DIFFERENT GEOMETRIC CONFIGURATIONS
Authors: Bozkurt İlyas
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is to numerically investigate and compare the impact performance of CFRP composite cylinder sandwich structures with five different geometric configurations. The impact performances and damage types of composite cylinder structures for different core configurations were determined. The impact analyses were performed in LS DYNA finite element program using MAT-54 material model with Progressive damage analysis based on the combination of Hashin damage criterion, Cohesive zone model and Bilinear traction-separation law. Among the five different specimens in the study, the highest peak force (PF) value of 1.88 kN was obtained at impact point P2 of the Trapeozidal sandwich structure. The lowest value was obtained at P1 impact point in Triangular sandwich structure with 0.62 kN. The highest and lowest energy absorption efficiency occurred in the Triangular structure, 78% and 38% respectively. The PF value at P2 point is higher than P1. The effect of core support on PF is very important. Since point P1 is not supported by the core, it is determined that the deformation is larger than P2.
ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF URBAN GROWTH ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS USING SLEUTH MODEL AND GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE
Authors: Karasaka Lütfiye , Güneş Murat
Published: November 2024

In this study, it is aimed to determine the urban growth in the Selçuklu district of Konya, which is the study area with the SLEUTH model based on cellular automata, which is widely used in the modeling of urban growth and land use, and to examine the effect of urbanization on agricultural areas in the near future. In addition to the simulations carried out for the years 2030 and 2050 starting from 2015, which was determined as the last control year in the model, the simulation results of the year 2022 were compared with the terrain classes obtained from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) controlled classification of the 2022 Landsat satellite image. As a result of the creation of simulation models for the years 2030 and 2050, it was concluded that 10428.75-23747.49 hectares of agricultural land will be destroyed, respectively. The SLEUTH model has modeled a total of 56468.26 hectares of agricultural land for 2022. This corresponds to 95% of the classification result for 2022, which is an important factor in examining the accuracy of the model. This study, which aims to guide decision makers and planners, shows that the use of the SLEUTH model has strong implications for the planned examination of future land use.
UPPER-RIM NITRO AND LOWER-RIM METHOXY FUNCTIONALIZED CALIX[4]ARENE BASED COLORIMETRIC SENSOR FOR DETECTION OF 2,4,6-TRINITROPHENOL
Authors: Ng'andu Clever , Tabakcı Begüm , Tabakcı Mustafa
Published: November 2024

The development of effective sensors capable of detecting 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), or picric acid, at extremely low levels is a very interesting field of study for prevention of environmental contamination and terrorist threats. Therefore, in this study, a colorimetric sensor (MNC4) based on calix[4]arene containing a chromophore group was prepared for the detection of TNP. The photophysical interaction of MNC4 with target nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) was evaluated using UV-Vis. spectroscopy. The initial MNC4 solution was colorless, but a distinct color change was observed in the case of TNP, indicating a stronger binding affinity with MNC4. Spectral investigations also confirmed the relatively strong complexation between MNC4 and TNP. The limit of detection (LOD) value for TNP was found to be 520 nM, indicating that MNC4 can detect TNP down to the nanomolar level, which is significantly lower than the permissible level (2.2 µM). The stoichiometric ratio of the complex formed between MNC4 and TNP was determined to be 1:2. The developed sensor enables the colorimetric detection of TNP with the naked eye without the need for any instrumentation, highlighting its potential for real-world applications.