bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Special Issue on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Education Abroad
Authors: Contreras Jr. Eduardo , López-McGee Lily , Wick David , Willis Tasha Y.
Published: May 2020

In late 2018, our editorial team set out on a multi-component project to provide a historical reference of established scholarship from Frontiers on diversity, equity, and inclusion in education abroad and to and solicit and present a set of new works in this Special Issue on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion of Frontiers.

We began by creating a special “virtual” issue of existing Frontiers articles centered on diversity, equity, and inclusion which accompanied our call for papers for this Special Issue on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. In our introduction to the virtual issue we highlighted three gaps in past scholarship on these topics. We noted (a) limited focus on equity and success, (b) a dramatically changed student demographic, and (c) a need for critical examination of education abroad practice in order to make significant strides toward equity. In our process with this virtual issue we were pleased to see many new initiatives from masters’ and doctoral students and from those we corresponded with during this process.

With this January 2020 Special Issue we endeavored to push beyond discussions of access and representation in the field, to critically examine inclusion throughout the education abroad process, and to consider equity in outcomes. We hope that the articles we are presenting as the culmination of our work in this Special Issue on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Frontiers will move theory, practice, and scholarship forward.
Understanding Inclusion and Equity in Community College Education Abroad
Authors: Whatley Melissa , Raby Rosalind Latiner
Published: May 2020

This study explores the extent to which community college study abroad is exclusive, meaning that opportunities are restricted only to certain students, or inclusive, meaning that education abroad is available to all that express interest. We administered a survey collecting both quantitative and qualitative data to leaders in community college education abroad to gain insight into inclusion in education abroad programming at their institutions. This survey was designed with an eye towards understanding how access is realized and the ways in which diversity in education abroad is supported (or not). Our results indicate that community college study abroad is neither entirely inclusive nor entirely exclusive. We conclude with a call to action for community college leaders to build a new, inclusive narrative surrounding education abroad.
First Presentation of the Complete Infection Cycle of Visceralizing Leishmania infantum/ donovani Hybrid Strain in Turkey: The Host, Reservoir and Vector
Authors: Ozbilgin Ahmet , K. Arserim Suha , Tunger Ozlem , Çavus Ibrahim , Yıldırım Ahmet , Tunalı Varol , Gunduz Cumhur
Published: May 2020

Objective: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a widespread infectious disease of the reticuloendothelial system which is mostly caused by Leishmania infantum and L.donovani. VL is a zoonotic infection and dogs act as the main reservoirs of the disease while the vectors are the female Phlebotomus, that is to say, sandflies. Although Leishmania spp. are attributed to reproduce asexually, the genetic exchange between different strains has recently been demonstrated and causes interspecific hybrids. We aimed to present the complete infection cycle of a hybrid strain of Leishmania infantum/donovani with the host, reservoir, and vector.

Materials and Methods: A patient presenting with VL proved to have a dog with canine leishmaniasis. Bone marrow aspirate from the patient and lymph node aspirates from the dog were inspected for Leishmania spp. amastigotes under light microscopy. Samples were cultured in enriched NNN medium. Serological examinations were made using IFAT for the patient serum and rK39 test for both human and dog samples. Light traps were placed to collect Phlebotomus. Leishmania molecular identification was executed by primers and probes specific to ITS-1 and cytochrome B gene region of Leishmania parasites.

Results: Leishmania spp. amastigotes were detected in the slides while promastigotes were present in the enriched NNN medium. For patient serum, IFAT IgG was 1/256 positive, and rK39 was positive for both dog and human samples. Fifty-two Phlebotomus were caught (24 male, 28 female): 35 of them were P. similis, ten were P. neglectus/syriacus, six were P .papatasi, and one was P. tobbi. Molecular analysis showed that the Leishmania spp. isolates from the patient, dog, and P.tobbi were identical. Gel image revealed two bands in all three samples, thus leading to the conclusion that the infecting strain was a hybrid of L. infantum and L. donovani.

Conclusion: We found identical isolates that are putative hybrids of L. donovani and L. infantum in human, dog reservoir and sandfly..

Keywords: Leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus, Hybrid, Epidemiology, Migration, Turkey
Do Turkish Gynecologists and Obstetricians recommend pregnant women the influenza vaccine?
Authors: Akdemir Kalkan Irem , Usturalı Mut Ayşe Nur , Cinar Gule , Keskin Fatih , Memikoglu Kemal Osman , Azap Alpay
Published: May 2020

Objective: Influenza is a systemic infectious disease. It is recommended that all pregnant women receive the influenza vaccine because the mortality of the disease is high during pregnancy. However, the rates of influenza vaccination in pregnant women are low. This study aims to estimate the rate at which Turkish gynecologists and obstetricians (GOs) recommend the influenza vaccine to their pregnant patients..

Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. The sample size was calculated to be 364 based on 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error. The data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 17 questions, which was distributed through social media. The final study group included in the research consisted of 384 GOs.

Results:The mean age of the GOs that participated in the study was 39.7 years (SD = 10.2). 43.5% of the GOs reported that they recommended the influenza vaccine to pregnant women who had consulted with them, while 62.8% reported that at least 50% of the pregnant women they had recommended the vaccine rejected it. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, three factors increased the rate of GOs’ not to recommend influenza vaccination: the GOs’ age, not receiving influenza vaccination themselves, and not knowing the social insurance reimbursement for the vaccine.

Conclusion: Vaccination of pregnant women is necessary because of the increased mortality risk of influenza during pregnancy. Even though GOs are not in charge of vaccinating their patients during their routine pregnancy follow-up, they can contribute to vaccination rates by recommending the vaccine. Physicians’ application of scientific knowledge and transferring it to their patients can contribute to increased adult immunization rates.

Conclusion: Influenza, Influenza Vaccine, Pregnancy, Vaccination, Viral Infections
Policy Analysis of Suppression and Mitigation Strategies in the Management of an Outbreak Through the Example of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kayı İlker , Sakarya Sibel
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to review the containment approaches adopted by countries to control COVID-19 pandemic. In our analysis, we have used Bacchi’s framework for interpretive policy analysis and examined the measures countries have taken and discussed the premise underlying containment strategies. We have included in our analysis United States of America, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Germany, Italy, Turkey, South Korea, Singapore, Japan and China.

There are essentially two strategies that are used in the management of an outbreak: suppression or mitigation. Suppression strategy aims to lower the basic reproduction number (Ro) below 1 and thereby reduce the number of infected people or eliminate the person-to-person transmission. Mitigation approach, on the other hand, aims to generate community (herd) immunity by allowing the controlled infection of people. In this approach, the aim is not to bring Ro under 1 but to mitigate the health effects of the outbreak. It is seen that given the epidemiological features of the disease, the scope of the virus, and the limitation of the intervention resources at hand, the suppression approach is accepted more widely by the countries in terms of Covid-19 pandemic. In contrast, the mitigation strategy is approached with suspicion. The approach aiming to achieve herd immunity seems more suitable for situations in which it is possible to protect the high-risk groups by administrating vaccine.

These evaluations should be carried out following the circumstances of the country in question. It is essential to form an evidence-based plan that is appropriate for the national context. It should be kept in mind that the solutions for the fight against the virus do not solely consist of those ready-made implementations by choosing one option over the other and that mixed models could be brought to the agenda when required.

Conclusion: epidemics, immunity, herd, health policy, infection control
Hubungan antara Frekuensi Baby Spa dengan Pola Tidur pada Bayi Usia 6-12 bulan di Klinik Almawadah 2 Day Care Kabupaten Batang
Authors: Prajayanti Hilda , Baroroh Ida , Artanti Swasti
Published: May 2020

Istirahat dan tidur yang tepat sama pentingnya dengan  nutrisi yang baik dan latihan yang adekuat. Aktivitas tidur merupakan salah satu stimulasi bagi tumbuh dan kembang bayi (Perry et al, 2006). Indonesia cukup banyak bayi yang mengalami masalah tidur, yaitu sekitar 44,2% bayi mengalami gangguan tidur seperti sering terbangun di malam hari. Namun hampir atau bahkan lebih dari 72% orang tua tidak menganggap gangguan tidur pada bayi sebagai suatu masalah.Meskipun dianggap masalah mereka hanya menganggapnya sebagai masalah kecil. Padahal, masalah tidur dapat menganggu pertumbuhan bayi, menyebabkan fungsi imun rentan, dan mengganggu regulasi system endokrin. Baby spa merupakan perawatan spa tubuh pada bayi yang dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu mandi berendam atau berenang dan pijat. Manfaat baby spa ini dapat memberikan rasa tenang, nyaman, dan segar. Hantaman air yang ditimbulkan dari air yang bergolak dapat memberi sensasi dan pijatan yang menghilangkan lelah, melancarkan peredaran darah dan menciptakan relaksasi.Klinik Almawadah 2 Day Care Batang  merupakan salah satu klinik yang memberikan pelayanan pijat bayi maupun baby spa. Penelitian ini menggunkan jenis penelitian analitik adalah penelitian yang mencoba menggali bagaimana dan mengapa fenomena kesehatan terjadi. Kemudian melakukan dinamika korelasi antara fenomena atau antara faktor resiko dengan efek. Yang dimaksud efek adalah  suatu akibat dari adanya faktor resiko, sedangkan faktor resiko adalah suatu fenomena yang mengakibatkan terjadinya efek (pengaruh) (Notoatmodjo, 2012). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional yang menekankan pada waktu pengukuran atau observasi data variable independen dan dependen hanya satu kali pada satu itu.  Dari hasil penelitian mengenai hubungan antara baby spa dengan kualitas tidur bayi usia 6-12 bulan di Almawadah 2 DayCare Denasri Kulon Kabupaten Batang sebagai berikut: Sebagian besar Pendidikan Ibu SMA yang melakukan baby spa bayinya secara rutin, Sebagian besar bayi tidur nyenyak setelah dilakukan baby spa dan Ada hubungan antara baby spa dengan kualitas tidur.
Excelencia e innovación en las tecnologías de la comunicación y de la imagen: Reconstrucción de un debate entre Wiesing, Levinson, Crowther y Seel
Authors: Ortiz de Landázuri Carlos
Published: May 2020

Los criterios de excelencia e innovación a la hora de valorar las tecnologías de la comunicación se ven afectados por un gran número de factores, pero al ﬁnal hay uno que prima sobre todos los demás: la calidad de la imágenes utilizadas, como sucede con National Geographic y Walt Disney, dos empresas de comunicación que han sido determinantes a la hora de ﬁjar los criterios estándar de excelencia e innovación. En este contexto se reconstruye el debate contemporáneo entre Wiesing, Levinson, Crowther y Seel acerca de los criterios de excelencia e innovación usados a la hora de valorar la calidad de las imágenes virtuales mediáticas por parte de las tecnologías de la comunicación, teniendo en cuenta su cuádruple dimensión genético-retroductiva, simbólica, contextual y estrictamente escénica.
A contrast-based account of word-final tensing
Authors: Storme Benjamin , Lancien Mélanie
Published: May 2020

Some languages allow tense and lax vowels to contrast before word-final consonants but not word-finally, where only tense vowels are permitted. What is the motivation for this pattern? This paper proposes that the loss of vowel-duration contrasts in word-final positions is a phonetic precursor to word-final tensing. In languages where tense and lax vowels differ both spectrally and temporally, neutralization of duration contrasts in word-final positions results in tense-lax pairs differing only spectrally. If this spectral difference is not sufficient to support a phonemic contrast, the tense-lax contrast is neutralized altogether. The preference for tense vowels in case of neutralization can be explained as a preference for more distinct vowel contrasts in the F1xF2 space. Evidence for this account comes from an acoustic study of Swiss French showing that, although tense-lax contrasts are maintained both before word-final consonants and word-finally in this variety, they are signaled by temporal cues only before word-final consonants. While Dispersion-Theoretic analyses of vowel inventories tend to focus on F1 and F2, the present analysis suggests that distinctiveness along both spectral and temporal dimensions is relevant to understand the typology of phonological patterns.
Learning a gradient grammar of French liaison
Authors: Smolensky Paul , Rosen Eric , Goldrick Matthew
Published: May 2020

In certain French words, an orthgraphically-final consonant is unpronounced except, in certain environments, when it precedes a vowel. This phenomenon, liaison, shows significant interactions with several other patterns in French (including h-aspiré, schwa deletion, and the presence of other morphemes in the liaison context). We present a learning algorithm that acquires a grammar that accounts for these patterns and their interactions. The learned grammar employs Gradient Symbolic Computation (GSC), incorporating weighted constraints and partially-activated symbolic representations. Grammatical analysis in the GSC framework includes the challenging determination of the numerical strength of symbolic constituent activations (as well as constraints). Here we present the first general algorithm for learning these quantities from empirical examples: the Error-Driven Gradient Activation Readjustment (EDGAR). Smolensky and Goldrick (2016) proposed a GSC analysis, with hand-determined numerical strengths, in which liaison derives from the coalescence of partially-activated input consonants. EDGAR allows us to extend this work to a wider range of liaison phenomena by automatically determining the more comprehensive set of numerical strengths required to generate the complex pattern of overall liaison behaviour.
Partial Height Harmony as Partial Transparency
Authors: Smith Caitlin
Published: May 2020

Harmony is defined broadly as the spread of some phonological property from a trigger segment to one or more undergoer segments. Transparency to harmony refers to a situation in which some segments do not take on a harmonizing property, but instead have apparently been skipped over. There are also cases in which some segments appear to have only partially undergone harmony, assimilating to a trigger segment with respect to a harmonizing property without taking on that property completely. Partial harmony is most commonly exemplified by cases of height harmony in which an undergoer vowel approaches the height of a trigger vowel without necessarily reaching it. In this paper, I propose an analysis of the partial height harmony of Servigliano Italian that is situated within the Gestural Harmony Model. In this model, harmony is the result of a subsegmental gesture extending to overlap the gestures of other segments in a word. Transparency arises due to overlap between a harmonizing gesture and a gesture with a conflicting articulatory target. In this model of harmony and transparency, I propose that cases in which segments seem to partially undergo harmony, as in the height harmony of Servigliano Italian, be analyzed as cases of partial transparency.
Variation, the Height Effect, and Disharmony in Hungarian Front/Back Harmony
Authors: Rebrus Péter , Szigetvári Péter , Törkenczy Miklós
Published: May 2020

The neutral vowels in Hungarian front/back harmony a gradience in neutrality (from most neutral to least neutral) known as the Height Effect. In this paper we examine the relationship between two aspects of the Height Effect: disharmony associated with invariance in suffixes and the gradience in transparency in roots (the only aspect of the Height Effect that is usually analysed in the literature). We will show that there is a parallelism between the differences in the distribution of the various neutral vowels in invariant suffixes and the Height Effect as manifested in the gradience of transparency in roots and will argue that the latter is in fact motivated by the former due to an independently motivated general constraint, Harmonic Consistency, which regulates the harmonic behaviour suffixes in morphologically complex contexts.
Bifurcation and Chaos from DTC Induction Motor Drive System
Authors: Hunaish Ahmed , Tahir Fadhil
Published: May 2020

In this paper, three phase induction motor (IM) has been modelled in stationary reference frame and controlled by using direct torque control (DTC) method with constant V/F ratio. The obtained drive system consists of nine nonlinear first order differential equations. The numerical analysis is used to investigate the system behavior due to control parameter change. The integral gain of speed loop is used as bifurcation parameter to test the system dynamics. The simulation results show that the system has period-doubling route to chaos, period-1, period-2, period-4, and then the system gets chaotic oscillation. A specific value of the parameter range shows that the system has very strong randomness and a high degree of disturbance
ANALISIS FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI LABA BERSIH PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI PT JASA RAHARJA (PERSERO)
Authors: Riftiasari Dinar , Sugiarti Sugiarti
Published: May 2020

PT Jasa Raharja (Persero) adalah BUMN yang mengelola asuransi kecelakaan lalu lintas dengan menghimpun dana bersumber dari pendapatan premi, investasi kemudian menyalurkan dengan klaim. Tujuan Penelitian menganalisis pendapatan premi, hasil investasi, beban klaim terhadap laba bersih menggunakan korelasi secara parsial, determinasi dan regresi linier berganda. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Teknik analisa regresi linier berganda menggunakan software IBM SPSS 21. Data sekunder keuangan PT Jasa Raharja (persero) 2009-2017. Hasil penelitian uji koefisien korelasi secara parsial diperoleh pendapatan premi dan hasil investasi memiliki hubungan  signifikan terhadap laba bersih sebesar 0,916 dan 0,844 hubungan sangat kuat dan searah, beban klaim terhadap laba bersih tidak terdapat hubungan secara parsial, secara simultan pendapatan premi, hasil investasi, dan beban klaim hubungan sangat kuat dan searah sebesar 0,994. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan sebesar 98,8% dan sisanya 1,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Persamaan regresi berganda yang terbentuk Y=3.409+1.603X1+ 0.257X2–1.021 X3
Future Direction of Korean Defense Policy
Authors: Lee Jongsoo
Published: May 2020

The article is organized as follows. The first clarifies research questions, the purpose of study and methodology about Ori’s national defense policy analysis. Japanese invasion of Korea happened in 1952(壬辰倭亂) & 1597(丁酉再亂). The second deals with methods of study, literature review, previous research and theoretical background of Ori’s national defense policy analysis. The third presents cases of national defense policy implementation of Ori’s national defense policy analysis. The forth shows the effect storytelling of Ori’s national defense policy analysis. The core of Ori’s national defense policy are the people & nation, and imperturbable mind. The last concluded research effect & limitations for fostering Ori’s national defense policy analysis and that there are few alternativesof national defense policy, imperturbable Mind(不動心), Ori storytelling and some suggestion & expectation effect, so forth.
Biodiversità, silvosistemica e gestione forestale
Authors: Ciancio Orazio
Published: May 2020

Forest management has evolved from a typically productive approach, which evaluates silvicultural techniques and planning methods according to wood production levels, to the current approach where sustainability becomes the aim and social and environmental variables are fundamental. Various questions related to biodiversity, preservation and active conservation of forest systems, are discussed. Active conservation of forest systems consists in systemic silviculture for natural forests, renaturalization for forests which have been heavily simplified by management in the past, and traditional silvicultural activities connected to local traditional knowledge where anthropologic, historical, cultural and landscape aspects are important. Systemic silviculture considers the forest a complex biological system where humankind can intervene within the limits of the system’s functionality, without reducing complexity and biodiversity, i.e. respecting the rights of the forest.
Yazlık, Fakültatif ve Kışlık Karakterli Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinin Bazı Agronomik Özellikler Bakımından İncelenmesi
Authors: Mehmet KARAMAN  , Beyhan AKIN
Published: May 2020

Güncel çalışma, 2014-2015 yetiştirme sezonunda Diyarbakır İlinin sulamaya dayalı koşullarında yürütülmüş-tür. Deneme, Tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 3 tekrarlamalı olarak, 22 ileri hat ve 3 standart çeşit ile yürü-tülmüştür. Deneme materyalini yazlık, fakültatif ve kışlık karakterli ekmeklik buğday genotipleri oluşturmuştur. ANOVA analizi sonucunda; incelenen tüm parametrelerde, genotipler arasında p≤0.01 düzeyinde anlamlı fark-lılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. GGE biplot modelinde, PC1 %45.18, PC2 %21.55 ve toplamda PC1+PC2 %66.73 ile incelenen özellikler için genotipler arasındaki varyasyonu açıklamıştır. Diyarbakır merkez ve merkeze yakın çevrelerde fakültatif ve yazlık karakterli genotiplerin adaptasyon yeteneğinin kışlık genotiplere göre daha yük-sek olduğu ve daha iyi tarımsal değerlere sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Tane veriminde G13, G20 ve G24, Pro-tein oranında ise G8 ile G23’ün ideal genotipler olduğu tespit edilmiştir
Carotenoid, Carotene and Anthocyanin Levels of Naturally Grown old Garden Roses (Rosa ssp.) in Van
Authors: Füsun GÜLSER  , Şevket ALP  , Ferit SÖNMEZ
Published: May 2020

Secondary metabolites especially phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids have potential antioxidants and antimicrobial activity. Carotenoids are important antioxidants and bioactive compounds supplying to the health benefits of different foods and rosehips known for high bioactive content. Anthocyanins have physiological importance because of their abilities to protect leaves from photooxidative injuries without significantly compromising photosynthesis. Numerous studies shown that roses are rich sources of bioactive compounds. The genus Rosa contains various species that are widely grown in Europe, Asia, The Middle East and North America. In this study it was aimed that determination of carotenoid, carotene and anthocyanin amounts of naturally growing old garden roses species in Van ecological conditions. In this study eleven species of rosehips (Rosa damascena, Rosa damascena var. semperflorens, Rosa laxa ssp. harputensis, Rosa alba, Rosa multiflora, Rosa pisiformis, Rosa foetida, Rosa foetida var. bicolor, Rosa hemisphaerica, Rosa hemisphaerica var. plena hort, Rosa heckellana subsp. vanheurckiona) naturally grown in Van conditions were used as plant material. The fresh leaves (100-200 mg), immediately after harvesting, were homogenized by 80% aqueous acetone and filtered by white tape filter paper. In the extracts, carotenoid, carotene and anthocyanin levels were determined by using UV spectrophotometer in 470 nm, 537 nm, 647 nm, 663 nm wavelengths respectively. As a result, the highest and lowest carotenoid levels were found as 3.18 µg/ml and 0.59 µg/ml in R. heckellana subsp. vanheurckiona and R. damascena var. semperflorens. The highest anthocyanin level was determined in R. damascena as 0.06 µg/ml.
Second language learning and cultural identity
Authors: Parker Jerry
Published: May 2020

The importance of the teaching of Louisiana Regional French language and culture as an academic subject has been debated by many scholars for decades. While some see it as a necessary dimension of a French course offered in the state of Louisiana, others see the dialect and culture as unreal, non-existent, and less prestigious than Parisian French. This article presents a rationale for offering Louisiana Regional French courses as equivalents to Parisian French in the post-secondary core curriculum in Louisiana colleges and universities.
Theoretical Constructs and Practical Strategies for Intercultural Communication
Authors: Vu Tung Ngoc
Published: May 2020

Delving into English language education in Vietnam, this theory-oriented article aims to generate a new debate on critical cultural awareness (CCA) in light of increasing literature on intercultural communication competence (ICC), thus offering practical implementations to academic agents. Once ICC is strongly considered indispensable within communication, CCA can strengthen the power of sociocultural and psychological relationships. This study specifies the role of intercultural communication, aiming to develop Vietnamese learners to reach beyond abstract linguistic features towards language awareness by engaging in cultural and societal plurality. Seemingly, they need use language that advocate the enactment of change, fostering their abilities in their civic life. Coupled with that, they are obliged for learning the power of positive attitudes in terms of intercultural engagement, such as sympathy towards and acceptance of differences. Critical cultural awareness as a contribution to intercultural communication drives two primary aspects, namely social and psychological dimensions. In addition to dragging learners out of traditionally perceived skills related to native-like competences, the framework application expands potential goals and instructional steps that cover learning based on learner voice reflected upon privilege and power. Apparently, it is relevant in response to learning environment driven by social mechanisms which focus on citizenship, expecting that they learn and possess knowledge for certain purposes relating to career goals and social needs. Comprehensively, this study will outline the short examination of language education in Vietnam as a way to understand existing hindrances to be resolved. It anchored this analysis in a theoretical paradigm: critical cultural awareness, which is then critically embedded to involve social and psychological pedagogies. This enables to shift learners’ desire and willingness that hone their learning skills which influences academic success and communicative adaptability. Pedagogical implications are also suggested.
Value Chain Analysis of Orange Commodity in the Bantama Market, Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Sayson Jiah , Jacob Sanu , Sujarwo Wawan , Imbiri Soleman , Saraswati Dewi , Nazziwa Winfred
Published: May 2020

The performance of the local sub-sector of orange in Bantama, Kumasi should be improved. This study aims to improve the performance of the local orange value chain in the Bantama market using rich picture analysis, scenario analysis, cigar box analysis, stakeholders’ analysis, and SWOT analysis. The study suggests two strategic objectives, (1) the Bantama orange traders association (BOTA) coped with lack of storage facilities, which is expected that BOTA is linked directly to at least three major orange processors in Bantama by conducting stakeholders meeting between BOTA and orange processors, and a memorandum of understanding between BOTA and orang processors; (2) the local government promoted the orange industry of Bantama, which is expected that BOTA advocated to the local government for the establishment of market storage facility by preparing advocating plan by BOTA, and consultation meetings with local government.
The Warrior Women of Islam
Authors: Kruk Remke
Published: May 2020

Colloquial Arabic storytelling is most commonly associated with The Thousand and One Nights. But few people are aware of a much larger corpus of narrative texts known as popular epic. These heroic romantic tales, originating in the Middle Ages, form vast cycles of adventure stories whose most remarkable feature is their portrayal of powerful and memorable women. Wildly appreciated by medieval audiences, and spread by professional storytellers throughout the cities of the Muslim world, these fictions were printed and reprinted over the centuries and comprise a vital part of Arab culture. Yet virtually none are available in translation, and so remain almost unknown to a non-Arab public. Remke Kruk at last makes these neglected romances available to a Western audience. She recounts the story of Princess Dhat al-Himma, brave and undefeated leader of the Muslim army in its wars against the Byzantines; of Ghamra, brought up as a boy to become a fearless leader of men; and of cool-headed Qannasa, raiding from her mountain fortress to capture and seduce her enemies before putting them pitilessly to the sword.

The Warrior Women of Islam puts a bold new complexion on gender roles and the wider perception of women in the Middle East.
The End of Empire in Uganda
Authors: Mawby Spencer
Published: May 2020

The negative legacy of the British empire is often thought of in terms of war and economic exploitation, while the positive contribution is associated with the establishment of good governance and effective, modern institutions. In this new analysis of the end of empire in Uganda, Spencer Mawby challenges these preconceptions by explaining the many difficulties which arose when the British attempted to impose western institutional models on Ugandan society.

Ranging from international institutions, including the Commonwealth, to state organisations, like the parliament and army, and to civic institutions such as trade unions, the press and the Anglican church, Mawby uncovers a wealth of new material about the way in which the British sought to consolidate their influence in the years prior to independence. The book also investigates how Ugandans responded to institutional reform and innovation both before and after independence, and in doing so sheds new light on the emergence of the notorious military dictatorship of Idi Amin. By unpicking historical orthodoxies about 20th-century imperial history, this institutional history of the end of empire and the early years of independence offers an opportunity to think afresh about the nature of the colonial impact on Africa and the development of authoritarian rule on the continent.
Hegel's Political Aesthetics
Authors: Bird-Pollan Stefan , Marchenkov Vladimir
Published: May 2020

What is the role of art in modern society? To what extent are the beautiful and the morally good intertwined? Hegel's Political Aesthetics explores Hegel’s take on these ever-relevant philosophical questions and investigates three key themes: art’s contribution to modern ethical life, the loss of art’s authority in modern ethical life and ways of thinking beyond Hegel’s analysis of art’s role in society. The aesthetic is explored through the lens of German Idealism from Kant to Hegel, ultimately placing ethics and morality at the forefront of this debate.

The authors explore Hegel’s take on Kant’s conception by historicizing what it means to be responsible to others, which for Hegel means being free within the norms of society, within what he calls ethical life. As a set of concrete social arrangements designed for finite human beings, however, ethical life falls short of actualizing freedom absolutely.

The themes in this volume are motivated by a central ambivalence in Hegel’s thinking about modernity. The question of freedom sits at the forefront of this text, alongside the relation between art and the spirit. This book will be of particular interest to philosophers of aesthetics, politics and ethics.
The Theatre of Christopher Durang
Authors: Chirico Miriam M.
Published: May 2020

The Theatre of Christopher Durang documents and analyses the major plays and productions of one of America’s significant contemporary playwrights who has contributed much to the American stage by his provocative works. It covers both his full-length and one-act plays, from his early success of Sister Mary Ignatius Explains it All For You (1974) to his most recent Tony-Award winning play, Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike (2012). Durang has given an original theatrical voice to American theatre by writing comedies that are irreverent and shocking, yet profoundly draw a connection between fear and laughter. This book, the first to provide an in-depth analysis of his plays, examines Durang’s use of specific comedic genres such as black comedy, satire, and farce as the means to explore American social malaise. Placing Durang within a tradition of Theater of the Absurd, the author incorporates comedic theory to examine how laughter in performance can dissolve hierarchies and subvert social conventions.

This volume provides the first comprehensive examination of Durang’s works and incorporates comedic theory to examine how laughter in performance subverts social conventions and hierarchies. Through a clear, detailed discussion of the plays, Miriam Chirico considers Durang’s use of black comedy, satire, and parody to explode such topics as: western literature, religion, dysfunctional families, and American social malaise. Robert Combs and Jay Malarcher provide additional critical perspectives about Durang’s works, detailing his use of alienation techniques and locating his place within the American parodic tradition. The book also includes a warm introduction by Durang’s former student, Pulitzer Prize-winner, David Lindsay-Abaire. The Theatre of Christopher Durang, in demonstrating how Durang has shaped contemporary theatrical possibilities, offers a valuable guide for students of American drama and comedy.
Dancefloor-Driven Literature
Authors: Morrison Simon A.
Published: May 2020

Almost as soon as “club culture” took hold – during the UK’s Second Summer of Love in 1988 – its socio-political impact became clear, with journalists, filmmakers, and authors all keen to use this cultural context as source material for their texts. This book uses that electronic music subculture as a route into an analysis of these cultural representations of a music scene: both why such artefacts appear and what function they serve.

The book conceives of a new literary genre to accommodate these stories born of the dancefloor – “Dancefloor-Driven Literature.” Using interviews with Irvine Welsh, author of Trainspotting (1994), alongside other Dancefloor-Driven authors Nicholas Blincoe and Jeff Noon as case studies, the book analyzes three separate ways writers draw on electronic music in their fictions, interrogating that very particular intermedial intersection between the sonic and the linguistic. It explores how such authors write about something so subterranean as the nightclub scene, and analyses what specifically literary techniques they deploy to write lucidly and fluidly about the metronomic beat of electronic music, and the chemical accelerant that further alters that relationship.
The Good City
Authors: Ilum Stine
Published: May 2020

In between 2016 and 2017, a number of terrorist attacks took place in public spaces in cities across Europe. Consequently, numerous concrete blocks were placed in the streets of Copenhagen in order to prevent similar attacks made with vehicles towards people in the public space. For the Municipality of Copenhagen, this became the first step in a long process of dealing with the question of how to secure the city’s public spaces. Literature on security points to a worldwide increase in security measures, often legitimized by way of moral discourses of protecting democratic values and saving lives. This article provides an example of a counter movement where a public institution does not perform according to this premise. The article argues that employees at the Municipality of Copenhagen mobilize moral discourses and values associated with liberal democracy and the welfare state in order to minimize the presence of security measures in the public space. To the municipal employees the concrete blocks made Copenhagen’s public spaces express negative moral values such as hostility and fear. Therefore, they initiated what I will call an ethical work of transformation by shaping the materiality of the concrete blocks into security measures more in line with the moral values they associated with the public space and the good city. By following the ethical work of transformation done on counterterrorism measures, the article shows how moral values and materiality can be intertwined. Adding this material dimension to literature on morality and ethics, sheds new light on discussions of security and morality.
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Translation of Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test and Analysis of Residents’ Learning Climate in Four Major Departments of Shiraz Medical School
Authors: Shahrokhi Movahed , Amini Mitra , Takmil Farnaz , Zare Najaf , Nabeiei Parisa , Lotfi Farhad
Published: May 2020

Background: As one of the most important components of curriculums, the educational environment provides learners with a forum in which they can learn communication skills and other abilities such as critical thinking and clinical problem-solving. To improve this environment and consequently upgrade medical education, the current environment must be evaluated. Objectives: In a quest to adapt a valid and reliable instrument for this purpose, this study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Persian translation of Dutch Residency Educational Climate test (D-RECT) to measure the quality of the educational environment in the main clinical wards of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a forward Persian translation of the D-RECT questionnaire was translated and back-translated by two bilingual expert panels, and its reliability was determined in a pilot study. Then, 100 residents working at internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and gynecology wards were selected randomly to fill out the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Results: The Persian translation of D-RECT had acceptable validity, reliability, internal consistency, and reproducibility. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach’s α of 0.95. Convergent validity was 0.61 to 0.90. Among the wards evaluated in this study, the educational environment was significantly better in the pediatric ward than in the other wards. Conclusions: The Persian translation of D-RECT validated in the studied departments seems to be an effective, valid, and reliable instrument for evaluating and comparing the quality of the current educational environment for residents in Iran. This evaluation can help improve training.
The Implementation of Wraparound Model in Israel - An Alternative to Out-of-Home Placement of Delinquent Juveniles
Authors: Elisha Ety , Braver Efi , Rappapor Varda , Samuel Tali
Published: May 2020

Wraparound model refers to community-based programs designed to rehabilitate youth; characterized by multiple risk factors, through "wrapping" them with a variety of assistance agencies, first and foremost their families. The purpose of the current paper was to describe the way of implementation of the Wraparound model in Israel, named the Ma'atefet1, which is operated by the Juvenile Probation Service (JPS), as an alternative to out-of-home placement of convicted juvenile offenders. The paper presents an overview of the program's background, objectives and goals, as well as findings of evaluation studies designed to examine the program effectiveness, and case studies of convicted minors that participated in the program in Israel. In consistent with previous studies from different countries in the world, it was found that the program in Israel achieves its main goals, reflected in improvements in the educational, familial and mental condition of the treated youth; reducing recidivism; and preventing out-of-home placement. In light of these many advantages, we recommend policy-makers to expand the program, for the benefit of young offenders, their families and the community as a whole.
COVID 19-The Foreign Virus: Media Bias, Ideology and Dominance in Chinese and American Newspaper Articles
Authors: Awad AlAfnan Mohammad
Published: May 2020

This study examined media bias, media ideologies and dominance in two newspaper articles on COVID 19 that were published by the American Washington Post newspaper and the Chinese People’s Daily newspaper. The study revealed that media bias is practiced through gatekeeping bias, coverage bias and statement bias. Ideology bias is practiced through the selection of topics to cover and the tone for reporting on these topics. Dominance is practiced through the foregrounding and backgrounding of information and ideas. This contrastive study also revealed that the topics that were foregrounded in American newspaper were backgrounded or filtered by the Chinese newspaper and the topics that were backgrounded by the American newspaper were foregrounded by the Chinese newspaper. This paper also revealed that foregrounding is not necessarily carried out explicitly; it can also be carried implicitly by foregrounding the opposite. This depends on readers’ interpretation and familiarity of events.
Relationship between Rural Finance Institution Services and Standard of Living of Rural Farming Households in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Anunobi Chizoba P. , Nwankwo Nneamaka O. T. , Obi-Nwandikom Cynthia
Published: May 2020

This study aimed at examining the relationship between Rural Finance Institution (RUFIN) services and standard of living of rural farming households in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study specifically ascertained the RUFIN credit services rendered to the rural households, compared the rural households’ standard of living before and after accessing RUFIN credit services and identified the challenges faced by the rural households in accessing the services of RUFIN. The method of judgmental sampling technique was used in selecting 367 farming household heads that benefitted from RUFIN credit services in Anambra State. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics while ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis. Results showed that majority of the RUFIN services were accessible to rural farming households, the rural households were operating at a very high extent and high extent in almost all aspects of their livelihood after benefitting from RUFIN credit delivery services. It is recommended that Rural Finance Institution services should give more attention to monitoring and supervision of credit utilization among farming households.
Bioefficacy Study of Bacillus subtilis Based Biofungicide on Leaf Spot Disease, Growth and Yield Attributes of Tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L.] CV. Arka Vikas
Authors: Tiwari Ajay Kumar , Singh B. K. , . Trivikram , Singh A. K. , Singh Pankaj Kumar
Published: May 2020

The present study entitled “Bioefficacy study of Bacillus subtilis based biofungicide on leaf spot disease, growth and yield attributes of tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L.] cv. ArkaVikas” was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during rainy season of 2016-17 in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments included foliar spray of chemical fungicide (Copper oxychlooride) and biofungicide (Taegro® and Trichoderma) either alone or in combination. Taegro® is a bacterial biofungicide containing 1×1010 CFU/g (13%w/w) of Bacillus amyloliuefaciens strain FZB24 formulated as WP. A total of 12 characters including disease, growth and yield parameters were studied. Disease parameter included leaf spot disease incidence (%) and disease severity (%) whereas growth and yield parameters included days to 50% flowering, height, number of branches per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight (g), number of seed per fruit, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (kg) were studied. The biofungicide Taegro exhibited significant potential in reducing the leaf spot in tomato and improving the growth and yield attributes of tomato as compared to control. But combined used of Taegro with standard chemical copper oxychloride gave better result than Taegro alone. As a consequence, this may be used as part of an integrated disease management approach so as to minimizes the use of standard fungicides and also protect the environment from pollution and maintenance of the human health.
Extending the Shelf Life of Tilapia Mince by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle – A Precursor of Value-Added Fishery Product
Authors: Pati K. , Chowdhury S. , Nath S. , Murmu P. , Rahman F. H.
Published: May 2020

Zinc deficiency is associated with impaired growth, poor immune function and also adverse pregnancy outcomes. The main strategies to alleviate mineral deficiencies are food diversification, food fortification or supplementation. Recently, there is a growing interest on the metal oxide nano-particles owing to its various aspects such as bactericidal agents, destruction of carcinogenic cells and drug delivery applications. Fortification of zinc can be done with Zinc oxide (ZnO), currently listed as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) material by the Food and Drug Administration. Due to the high antibacterial activity, chemical stability and solubility, nano-ZnO shows great interests in the application in fields of food additives, packing and agriculture, and biomedicine. The minced fish technology minimizes wastes, efficiently uses existing resources, helps in production of new versatile and nutritious foods and provides economic advantage to both the producer and consumer. Minced meat is used as a raw material for preparation of number of value-added products such as fish sausage, cakes, cutlets, patties, balls, pastes, texturized products, etc. Tilapia, an economically important food fish, is hardy and easy-to-grow, white-fleshed, mild-flavored and soothing palatability, thus regarded as a successful farmed fish and raw material of fish mince and subsequently surimi. During frozen or refrigerated storage, fish mince undergoes degradation; significant deterioration of sensory quality and loss of nutritional value have been detected as a result of changes in the protein and lipid fractions, formation of amines (volatile and biogenic) and hypoxanthine and changes in the physical properties of the muscle. The use of Zinc nanoparticles may be an efficient way of extending shelf life and food safety through the inhibition of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria without altering the nutritional quality of raw materials and food products due to broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of ZnO Np against pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Campylobacter jejuni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes. Thus, after reviewing a wide range of literatures, it can be projected that development of low-cost Zn Nano-particle fortified value-added fish product is the ultimate future to eradicate zinc deficiency and can be rational kick start to alleviate protein as well as zinc malnutrition.