bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomical characterization of Gαi2-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Chaudhary Parul , Wainford Richard D.
Published: November 2020

Hypertension is a global health burden. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an essential component of the neuronal network that regulates sodium homeostasis and blood pressure (BP). Previously, we have shown PVN-specific G protein-coupled receptor-coupled Gαi2 subunit proteins are essential to counter the development of salt-sensitive hypertension by mediating the sympathoinhibitory and natriuretic responses to increased dietary sodium intake to maintain sodium homeostasis and normotension. However, the cellular localization and identity of PVN Gαi2-expressing neurons are currently unknown. In this study using in situ hybridization, we determined the neuroanatomical characterization of Gαi2-expressing PVN neurons in 3-mo-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. We observed that Gαi2-expressing neurons containing Gnai2 mRNA are highly localized in the parvocellular region of the hypothalamic PVN. At level 2 of the hypothalamic PVN, Gnai2 mRNA colocalized with ∼ 85% of GABA-expressing neurons and ∼28% of glutamatergic neurons. Additionally, within level 2 Gnai2 mRNA colocalized with ∼75% of corticotrophin-releasing hormone PVN neurons. Gnai2 neurons had lower colocalization with tyrosine hydroxylase (∼33%)-, oxytocin (∼6%)-, and arginine vasopressin (∼10%)-expressing parvocellular neurons in level 2 PVN. Colocalization was similar among male and female rats. The high colocalization of Gnai2 mRNA with GABAergic neurons, in conjunction with our previous findings that PVN Gαi2 proteins mediate sympathoinhibition, suggests that Gαi2 proteins potentially modulate GABAergic signaling to impact sympathetic outflow and BP.
On the Boundary Value Condition of an Isotropic Parabolic Equation
Authors: Ou Qitong , Zhan Huashui
Published: November 2020

The well-posedness problem of anisotropic parabolic equation with variable exponents is studied in this paper. The weak solutions and the strong solutions are introduced, respectively. By a generalized Gronwall inequality, the stability of strong solutions to this equation is established, and the uniqueness of weak solutions is proved. Compared with the related works, a new boundary value condition,

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=
1

N

a

i

x
,
t

=
0
,

x
,
t

∈
∂
Ω
×

0
,
T

, is introduced the first time and has been proved that it can take place of the Dirichlet boundary value condition in some way.
Study of the Influencing Factors on Development of Ports in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao from the Perspective of Spatial Economics
Authors: Liu Lianhua , Ping Hai
Published: November 2020

Under the background of “one belt, one road initiative” and the “Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,” Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao port group development is facing new opportunities. The port group has a large throughput, covering the hinterland with dense population and high economic density, excellent transportation infrastructure, and broad consumption market. However, the port group internal competition is fierce, and the development level is different in space. Based on this, this paper uses the HHI index and spatial economics as research method and aims to study the spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao port group. Firstly, the HHI index is used to describe the aggregation status. Secondly, the development level index according to port throughput and container throughput is constructed. The spatial development and evolution process of the port group of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao is analyzed by combining with spatial econometrics and economic geography. In summary, the influencing factor “diamond model” is constructed and took empirical research to verify its rationality and scientificity. The empirical results show a strong spatial correlation between the development of the Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao port group. The government intervention and the development of port industry have a negative correlation, and this impact will be weakened over time. There is a negative relationship between the level of marketization and the development of the port industry. There is a multiple and complex relationship between the port auxiliary industry and the development of the port industry, and it shows the short-term influence is smaller than the long-term impact. The level of port transportation infrastructure, the port industry competition, and the economic openness have significant and positive effects on the development of the port group.
Long Noncoding RNA SOX2‐OT: Regulations, Functions, and Roles on Mental Illnesses, Cancers, and Diabetic Complications
Authors: Li Pu-Yu , Wang Ping , Gao She-Gan , Dong Dao-Yin
Published: November 2020

SRY‐box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) overlapping transcript (SOX2‐OT) is an evolutionarily conserved long noncoding RNA. Its intronic region contains the SOX2 gene, the major regulator of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. The human SOX2‐OT gene comprises multiple exons and has multiple transcription start sites and generates hundreds of transcripts. Transcription factors (IRF4, AR, and SOX3), transcriptional inhibitors (NSPc1, MTA3, and YY1), and miRNAs (miR‐211 and miR‐375) have been demonstrated to control certain SOX2‐OT transcript level at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels. Accumulated evidence indicates its crucial roles in the regulation of the SOX2 gene, miRNAs, and transcriptional process. Restricted expression of SOX2‐OT transcripts in the brain results in the association between SOX2‐OT single nucleotide polymorphisms and mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. SOX2‐OT is notably elevated in tumor tissues, and a high level of SOX2‐OT is well correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients, leading to the establishment of its role as an oncogene and a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker for cancers. The emerging evidence supports that SOX2‐OT mediates diabetic complications. In summary, SOX2‐OT has diversified functions and could be a therapeutic target for various diseases.
Dual-Band 2 × 2 MIMO Antenna with Compact Size and High Isolation Based on Half-Mode SIW
Authors: Elobied Abubaker Ahmed , Yang Xue-Xia , Xie Ningjie , Gao Steven
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a close-spaced dual-band 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW). The dual-band operation of the antenna element is achieved by loading a rectangular patch outside the radiating aperture of an HMSIW cavity. The HMSIW cavity is excited by a coaxial probe, whereas the rectangular patch is energized through proximity coupling by the radiating aperture of HMSIW. The antenna elements can be closely placed using the rotation and orthogonal arrangement for a 2 × 2 array. Small neutralization lines at the center of the MIMO antenna can increase the isolation among its elements by around 10 dB in the lower band and 5 dB in the higher band. A prototype of the MIMO antenna is fabricated and its performance is measured. The measured results show that the resonant frequencies are centered at 4.43 and 5.39 GHz with bandwidths of 110 and 80 MHz and peak gains of 6 and 6.4 dBi, respectively. The minimum isolation in both bands is greater than 35 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient is lower than 0.005 within two operating bands.
A Novel Missense Variant of TP63 Heterozygously Present in Split‐Hand/Foot Malformation
Authors: Geng Hao , Tang Dongdong , Xu Chuan , He Xiaojin , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: November 2020

Background. Split‐hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a severe congenital disability mainly characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of the central ray of the hand/foot. To date, several candidate genes associated with SHFM have been identified, including TP63, DLX5, DLX6, FGFR1, and WNT10B. Herein, we report a novel variant of TP63 heterozygously present in affected members of a family with SHFM. Methods. This study investigated a Chinese family, in which the proband and his son suffered from SHFM. The peripheral blood sample of the proband was used to perform whole‐exome sequencing (WES) to explore the possible genetic causes of this disease. Postsequencing bioinformatic analyses and Sanger sequencing were conducted to verify the identified variants and parental origins on all family members in the pedigree. Results. By postsequencing bioinformatic analyses and Sanger sequencing, we identified a novel missense variant (NM_003722.4:c.948G>A; p.Met316Ile) of TP63 in this family that results in a substitution of methionine with isoleucine, which is probably associated with the occurrence of SHFM. Conclusion. A novel missense variant (NM_003722.4:c.948G>A; p.Met316Ile) of TP63 in SHFM was thus identified, which may enlarge the spectrum of known TP63 variants and also provide new approaches for genetic counselling of families with SHFM.
Hypomania, Depression, Euthymia: New Evidence in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Canesi Margherita , Lavolpe Sara , Cereda Viviana , Ranghetti Alessandra , Maestri Roberto , Pezzoli Gianni , Rusconi Maria Luisa
Published: November 2020

The field related to mood disorders in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is fragmented. The aim of this cohort observational study was to evaluate whether the episodes of mood alteration could appear in different disease stages and to verify how nonmotor symptoms were led off into different stages. We enrolled 93 PD outpatients (three groups: drug naive—DN; not exhibiting motor fluctuations—n-MF; and exhibiting motor fluctuations—MF) and 50 healthy controls. Mood state was assessed through the Internal State Scale (ISS) while depressive symptoms were evaluated through the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), nonmotor symptoms by means of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), and the presence of impulse control disorders (ICDs) with the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease (QUIP). Clinical and pharmacological data have also been recorded. No significant differences in mood state distribution between groups were observed. Nevertheless, as regards the mood state distribution within groups, in n-MF (47.6%) and MF patients (50%), (hypo)mania presence was significantly higher than other symptoms. In DN patients, hypomania showed a prevalence of 38.1% although it was not significant. At least one ICD was reported in 29.3% of n-MF and 50% of MF patients. In the MF group, a moderate positive correlation between ISS ACTivation subscale scores and the presence of ICDs and compulsive medication use emerged. Finally, MF patients reported higher BDI-II total scores than DN. Our results show that mood alterations in PD, considering both depressive symptoms and mood elevation, are related to the advanced stages of the disease as well as the presence of ICDs, and dopaminergic therapy would not always be able to restore a normal mood condition.
Current and Potential Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Imaging
Authors: Yang Cai-Wei , Liu Xi-Jiao , Liu Si-Yun , Wan Shang , Ye Zheng , Song Bin
Published: November 2020

The most common mesenchymal tumors are gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which have malignant potential and can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal system. Imaging methods are important and indispensable of GISTs in diagnosis, risk staging, therapy, and follow-up. The recommended imaging method for staging and follow-up is computed tomography (CT) according to current guidelines. Artificial intelligence (AI) applies and elaborates theses, procedures, modes, and utilization systems for simulating, enlarging, and stretching the intellectual capacity of humans. Recently, researchers have done a few studies to explore AI applications in GIST imaging. This article reviews the present AI studies in GISTs imaging, including preoperative diagnosis, risk stratification and prediction of prognosis, gene mutation, and targeted therapy response.
Data-Driven Analytics for China’s Overseas Construction Projects in the Contexts of the Maritime Silk Road and Global Maritime Network
Authors: Hu Zhi-Hua
Published: November 2020

The Belt and Road (BR) Initiative (BRI) is usually examined in geopolitics perspectives, while the studies ignored the consistency of the BRI with the world economy and China’s historical international business. This study developed a maritime big data system to analyze global interactions upon the global maritime network generated from the system. The BR is coupled with Chinese overseas construction projects (COCPs) in the context of the global maritime network by data-driven analytics methods. A network is developed by extracting the spatial interactions among maritime ports, and time and spatial analyzing methods are used for vessel flows among maritime ports. Then, nine analytical experiments are conducted to examine the relations between COCP and BRI. The figure of the BR emerges from COCP and the maritime network. The BR region and especially the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) had emerged as a definite shape ten years ago. The BRI creates additional opportunities in developing the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the connectivity between BR and the world. The policy implications considering China, regions, and global communities are further be studied. The BR is investigated by using the big data coupled with the COCP other than just depicting from geographical and economic views.
Increasing Utilization of Redundant Virtual Array for DOA Estimation Based on Coprime Array
Authors: Zhan Chenghong , Hu Guoping , Zhang Zixin , Feng Ziang
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we initiated a method to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of far-field, narrowband, and incoherent targets using coprime array. First, we proposed a coprime array structure and analysed the distribution of difference coarray (DCA). The degrees of freedom (DOF) of the proposed coprime array became clearer by referring to the DCA conception. However, previous algorithm only uses the continuous virtual array, which causes the virtual array elements in the repeated position being abandoned. Therefore, the paper analyses the distribution of virtual array based on DCA conception and averages the receiving signal on these redundant virtual array elements to increase the utilization of receiving data. As a result, the algorithm has high precision in parameter estimation. Simulation results have shown the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
The Role of Oxymatrine in Amelioration of Acute Lung Injury Subjected to Myocardial I/R by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Huang Yongpan , Long Xian , Li Xinliang , Li Saihua , He Jianbin
Published: November 2020

Background. Oxymatrine (OMT) is the primary pharmacological component of Sophora flavescens Aiton., which has been shown to possess potent antifibrotic, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities. The aim of the present study was to clarify the protective mechanism of OMT on acute lung injury (ALI) subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods. A myocardial I/R‐induced ALI model was achieved in diabetic rats by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 1 h, followed by reperfusion for 1 h. The levels of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐ (IL‐) 6, and IL‐17) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed using commercially available kits. The index of myocardial injury, including the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB), was also determined using commercially available kits. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling were used to identify histological changes. The expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (GRP78), DNA damage‐inducible transcript 3 protein (CHOP), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2‐alpha kinase 3 (PERK), inositol dependent enzyme 1α (IRE1α), ATF6, caspase‐3, ‐9, and‐12, Bcl‐2, and Bax were determined by Western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP were detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR. Results. Myocardial I/R increased the levels of cTnI, cTnT, LDH, and CK‐MB in diabetic rats. Damaged and irregularly arranged myocardial cells were also observed, as well as more serious ALI with higher lung injury scores and WET/DRY ratios and lower PaO2. Moreover, the expression of key proteins of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was increased by I/R injury, including phosphorylated‐ (p‐) PERK, p‐IRE1ɑ, and ATF6, as well as decreased levels of apoptosis. These effects were all significantly reversed by OMT treatment. Conclusions. OMT protects against ALI subjected to myocardial I/R by inhibiting ERS in diabetic rats.
Role of PPARs in Progression of Anxiety: Literature Analysis and Signaling Pathways Reconstruction
Authors: Rudko Olga I. , Tretiakov Artemii V. , Naumova Elena A. , Klimov Eugene A.
Published: November 2020

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) group includes three isoforms encoded by PPARG, PPARA, and PPARD genes. High concentrations of PPARs are found in parts of the brain linked to anxiety development, including hippocampus and amygdala. Among three PPAR isoforms, PPARG demonstrates the highest expression in CNS, where it can be found in neurons, astrocytes, and glial cells. Herein, the highest PPARG expression occurs in amygdala. However, little is known considering possible connections between PPARs and anxiety behavior. We reviewed possible connections between PPARs and anxiety. We used the Pathway Studio software (Elsevier). Signal pathways were created according to previously developed algorithms. SNEA was performed in Pathway Studio. Current study revealed 14 PPAR-regulated proteins linked to anxiety. Possible mechanism of PPAR involvement in neuroinflammation protection is proposed. Signal pathway reconstruction and reviewing aimed to reveal possible connection between PPARG and CCK-ergic system was conducted. Said analysis revealed that PPARG-dependent regulation of MME and ACE peptidase expression may affect levels of nonhydrolysed, i.e., active CCK-4. Impairments in PPARG regulation and following MME and ACE peptidase expression impairments in amygdala may be the possible mechanism leading to pathological anxiety development, with brain CCK-4 accumulation being a key link. Literature data analysis and signal pathway reconstruction and reviewing revealed two possible mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors involvement in pathological anxiety: (1) cytokine expression and neuroinflammation mechanism and (2) regulation of peptidases targeted to anxiety-associated neuropeptides, primarily CCK-4, mechanism.
A Validated Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Methamphetamine and 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine in Blood-Based Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Le Dinh-Vu , Nguyen Trong-Tuan , Nguyen Van-Trong
Published: November 2020

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method has been validated for the simultaneous determination of methamphetamine (MA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA) in the blood sample. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the concentration of MA can be determined in the range from 1 µg/L to 5000 µg/L with the method detection limit (MDL) of 0.31 µg/L. The range from 0.5 to 500 µg/L is observed for the determination of MDMA with the MDL down to 0.25 µg/L. The practical applicability of the method is performed with the recovery ranging from 85.3% to 94% for MA and from 86.9% to 95.5% for MDMA. At the different concentrations of drugs, the relative standard deviations (RSD) for both MA and MDMA are lower than 5.7%. The method was applied to analyse 1995 blood samples that had been collected from the Forensic Medicine Centre of Ho Chi Minh City. The results showed 1.75% positive with MA and 0.25% positive with MDMA. These two drugs take 10% of the total drugs positive samples. By using deuterium-labelled methamphetamine-d5 and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine-d5 as the internal standards in the determination and the use of MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode signal readout, the method exhibits robustness specificity and can be applied in simultaneous determination of MA and MDMA in blood with high selectivity and sensitivity.
Gallstone Ileus Decades after Cholecystectomy and Pylorus-Preserving Whipples
Authors: Mugino Miho , Yabe Takako Eva , Ashford Bruce
Published: November 2020

We report a case of small bowel obstruction due to gallstone ileus found in a patient with previous pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). Investigation by computed tomography of the abdomen showed a transition point in the midjejunum due to a radioopaque intraluminal mass. Following resuscitation, the patient underwent laparotomy to remove the offending mass from the midjejunum. Subsequent stone analysis confirmed a cholesterol-rich gallstone. This is thus the first description of gallstone ileus following Whipple procedure. The rarity of this presentation and a literature review is presented.
Application to Coupled Fixed-Point Theorems on Complex Partial b-Metric Space
Authors: Mani Gunaseelan , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan , Mishra Vishnu Narayan , Baloch Imran Abbas , De La Sen Manuel
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we prove coupled fixed-point theorems in complex partial b-metric space. The proved results generalize and extend some of the well-known results in the literature. We also give some applications of our main results.
A New Pipeline to Predict and Confirm Tumor Neoantigens Predict Better Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Lazdun Yelena , Si Han , Creasy Todd , Ranade Koustubh , Higgs Brandon W. , Streicher Katie , Durham Nicholas M.
Published: November 2020

Mutations that drive oncogenesis in cancer can generate neoantigens that may be recognized by the immune system. Identification of these neoantigens remains challenging due to the complexity of the MHC antigen and T-cell receptor interaction. Here, we describe the development of a systematic approach to efficiently identify and validate immunogenic neoantigens. Whole-exome sequencing of tissue from a patient with melanoma was used to identify nonsynonymous mutations, followed by MHC binding prediction and identification of tumor clonal architecture. The top 18 putative class I neoantigens were selected for immunogenicity testing via a novel in vitro pipeline in HLA-A201 healthy donor blood. Naïve CD8 T cells from donors were stimulated with allogeneic dendritic cells pulsed with peptide pools and then with individual peptides. The presence of antigen-specific T cells was determined via functional assays. We identified one putative neoantigen that expanded T cells specific to the mutant form of the peptide and validated this pipeline in a subset of patients with bladder tumors treated with durvalumab (n = 5). Within this cohort, the top predicted neoantigens from all patients were immunogenic in vitro. Finally, we looked at overall survival in the whole durvalumab-treated bladder cohort (N = 37) by stratifying patients by tertile measure of tumor mutation burden (TMB) or neoantigen load. Patients with higher neoantigen and TMB load tended to show better overall survival.

Implications:

This pipeline can enable accurate and rapid identification of personalized neoantigens that may help to identify patients who will survive longer on durvalumab.
Computerized Tomography-Guided Core-Needle Biopsy of Orbital Space-Occupying Lesions: A Case Series
Authors: Bata Bashar M. , Martin Andrew , Connolly Daniel , Mudhar Hardeep Singh , Hersey Naomi , Salvi Sachin M.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To describe our experience in performing biopsy of post-septal orbital masses with core needle under computerized tomography guidance (CT-CNB). Methods: The medical records of all patients who underwent this procedure were reviewed. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia on a day case basis under a peribulbar block. A planning non-contrast computerized tomography (CT) scan of the orbits was performed to localise the mass. A 6-cm 18-G Temno Evolution® semi-automated biopsy needle was inserted through the skin into the orbit. Prior to further advancement of the needle, a low-dose CT limited to the previously determined plane was performed to confirm its position. The needle was then advanced, and the cutting needle was deployed to obtain the biopsy. Results: Five patients who underwent CT-CNB were identified. The CNB was successful in 4 patients and revealed a metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a metastatic neuroendocrine tumour, and orbital inflammatory disease. The biopsy failed in the fifth patient when the needle failed to penetrate the tumour despite good localisation on CT. He was eventually diagnosed with fibrous meningioma of the greater wing of sphenoid on open biopsy. None of the patients had any complications other than peri-ocular bruising which was present in all of them. Conclusion: CT-CNB of mass lesions located in the lateral aspect of the orbit can be an alternative to open biopsy in selected cases. It avoids major surgery and allows the use of radiotherapy, if required, without any delay.
Superior Hypophyseal Artery Ruptured Aneurysm in a 5-Month-Old Child Presenting as an Acute Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report
Authors: Komuński Piotr , Nowosławska Emilia , Zakrzewski Krzysztof , Polis Bartosz , Świątnicki Wojciech
Published: November 2020

Introduction: We present a very rare case of ruptured superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) aneurysm that presented as an acute subdural hematoma (SDH) discussing its initial presentation, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. To our knowledge it is one of very few if any cases of a ruptured aneurysm in infants regarding that specific vascular location. Case Report: A 5-month-old boy was referred to our department due to acute SDH over the right cerebral hemisphere without significant mass effect nor hydrocephalus. Further evaluation revealed a right internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm arising from the SHA segment. Microsurgical clip ligation using a fenestrated, angled clip was performed with simultaneous subdural clot removal and proximal control of the ICA dissected in the neck. Our patient made an excellent recovery without any complicating features. Conclusion: Surgical management seems to be a better option in this subgroup of patients given the long life expectancy and durability of microsurgical clip ligation. We believe that our brief case report would add some insight into the management of this rare subgroup of patients, leading to better decision-making and outcome.
Electrostatic Filters to Reduce COVID-19 Spread in Bubble CPAP: An in vitro Study of Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Davis Jonathan W. , Pillow J. Jane , Cooper Matthew N. , Dahl Mar Janna
Published: November 2020

Background: Bubble CPAP may be used in infants with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Electrostatic filters may reduce cross infection. This study aims to determine if including a filter in the bubble CPAP circuit impacts stability of pressure delivery. Methods: A new electrostatic filter was placed before (pre) or after (post) the bubble CPAP generator, or with no filter (control) in an in vitro study. Pressure was recorded at the nasal interface for 18 h (6 L/min; 7 cm H2O) on 3 occasions for each configuration. Filter failure was defined as pressure >9 cm H2O for 60 continuous minutes. The filter was weighed before and after each experiment. Results: Mean (SD) time to reach the fail point was 257 (116) min and 525 (566) min for filter placement pre- and post-CPAP generator, respectively. Mean pressure was higher throughout in the pre-generator position compared to control. The filter weight was heavier at end study in the pre- compared to the post-generator position. Conclusions: Placement of the filter at the pre-generator position in a bubble CPAP circuit should be avoided due to unstable mean pressure. Filters are likely to become saturated with water over time. The post-generator position may accommodate a filter, but regular pressure monitoring and early replacement are required.
Ein ungewöhnlicher Fall von gastrointestinaler Blutung bei metastasiertem Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Peters Niamh , Lightner Clara , McCaffrey John
Published: November 2020

Jährlich wird in Irland bei etwa 340 Patienten ein Nierenzellkarzinom (renal cell cancer, RCC) diagnostiziert. Häufig kommt es zu einer Metastasierung in die Lunge, Lymphknoten und Knochen. Eine Metastasierung in den Gastrointestinaltrakt, einschließlich Dünndarm, ist selten. Die Fortschritte in der Therapie haben zu einem verbesserten Gesamtüberleben bei RCC geführt, was zur Folge hat, dass Metastasen häufiger an ungewöhnlichen Lokalisationen auftreten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit stellen wir den Fall eines 68-jährigen Patienten vor, der mit einer oberen gastrointestinalen Blutung aufgrund von Duodenalmetastasen eines Nierenzellkarzinoms ins Krankenhaus kam.
Metastasiertes Nierenzellkarzinom: Ist das Alter therapierelevant?
Authors: Ahrens Marit
Published: November 2020

Background: Cabozantinib improved progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) compared with everolimus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after prior antiangiogenic therapy in the phase III METEOR trial (NCT01865747). Limited data are available on the use of targeted therapies in older patients with advanced RCC. Methods: Efficacy and safety in METEOR were retrospectively analysed for three age subgroups: <65 (n = 394), 65–74 (n = 201) and ≥75 years (n = 63). Results: PFS, OS and ORR were improved with cabozantinib compared with everolimus in all age subgroups. The PFS hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–0.68), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.37–0.77) and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18–0.79) for <65, 65–74 and ≥75 years, respectively, and the OS HRs were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.54–0.95), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.44–0.99) and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.28–1.14). The ORR for cabozantinib versus everolimus was 15% vs 5%, 21% vs 2% and 19% vs 0%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in PFS or OS with age as a categorical or continuous variable. Grade III/IV adverse events (AEs) were generally consistent across subgroups, although fatigue, hypertension and hyponatraemia occurred more frequently in older patients treated with cabozantinib. Dose reductions to manage AEs were more frequent in patients receiving cabozantinib than in those receiving everolimus. Dose reductions and treatment discontinuation due to AEs were more frequent in older patients in both treatment groups. Conclusions: Cabozantinib improved PFS, OS and ORR compared with everolimus in previously treated patients with advanced RCC, irrespective of age group, supporting use in all age categories. Proactive dose modification and supportive care may help to mitigate AEs in older patients while maintaining efficacy.
Notes on the bionomy of two spider wasp species in an urban forest fragment in Brazil
Authors: Marinho Diego , Vivallo Felipe
Published: November 2020

There are few studies dedicated to the natural history of Neotropical spider wasps (Pompilidae). When it comes to urban areas, the knowledge on these wasps is even scarcer. This study sheds light on the natural history of Auplopus cf. rufipes and A. cf. brasiliensis (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Ageniellini) from an urban Atlantic Forest fragment in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. Auplopus cf. rufipes displays a multivoltine pattern and frequently nests in bamboo canes scattered in the open areas, whereas A. cf. brasiliensis is a rare sight, with only a single nest collected from a hose trap-nest. Females of the former species show aggressive behaviour, which suggests a solitary lifestyle. Their nests were partly enveloped in a complex structure, similar to other species that build free-standing, unconcealed nests and display some degree of sociality. Such behaviour could not be observed for A. cf. brasiliensis. Despite that, nests of both species were built using mud pellets, though the brood cells differed regarding arrangement and position in the trap. Two parasites were found attacking the cells: Caenochrysis crotonis (Chrysididae) in a cell of A. cf. rufipes, and Chaenotetrastichus neotropicalis (Eulophidae) in two cells of A. cf. brasiliensis, both recorded for the first time. Auplopus cf. rufipes was found to prey on Frigga cf. quintensis (Salticidae), the first record of this genus as a host of Auplopus.
Yet another record of Scylla serrata Forsskål, 1775 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae) from the western Atlantic
Authors: Metri Cassiana Baptista , Guilherme Pablo Damian Borges , Tavares Marcos Domingos Siqueira
Published: November 2020

The Indo-Pacific edible swimming crab Scylla serrata is reported here for the fifth time from the western Atlantic including a failed attempt of introduction to Florida for aquaculture purposes in the years 1960’s. The species had been recorded from Brazil in the early 1980’s and in 2011 and from the Caribbean coast of Colombia in 2013. The capture of a third specimen in southeastern Brazil on 24 August 2020 is discussed here. On all occasions individuals found in Brazil were adults captured alive near port areas. The occurrence of S. serrata in disparate time periods in the western Atlantic (1983, 2011, 2013 and 2020) is regarded as an indication of low inoculation pressure.
A new species of the genus Parioninella (Epicaridea, Bopyridae, Pseudioninae) from Australia
Authors: An Jianmei , Xi Qianqian , Paulay Gustav
Published: November 2020

Two new records of the rare parasitic isopod genus Parioninella are described. Parioninella liuruiyui n. sp. represents the first record of the genus from Australia and the first bopyrid described from the porcelain crab Pachycheles pisoides (Heller, 1865). The female of the new species differs from other described species in lacking eyes, produced into pair of anterolateral flaps, the brood pouch completely covered by oostegites, while the male lacks pigmentation. Parioninella astridae Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1930 is recorded from Mindoro, Philippines, in Pachycheles sculptus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). An identification key to the three Parioninella species is provided.
The freshwater crab genus Lacunipotamon Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae), with descriptions of two new species from southwestern China
Authors: Huang Chao , Shih Hsi-Te , Ahyong Shane T.
Published: November 2020

The poorly known genus Lacunipotamon Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975, is studied and reviewed. Two new species, Lacunipotamon yuanshi sp. nov. and Lacunipotamon cymatile sp. nov. from Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, respectively, are described based on morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. Both superficially resemble Lacunipotamon albusorbitum Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975, the type and previously only known species in the genus, but can be distinguished by the combination of live colour, size, maxilliped III, male thoracic sternum, male pleon, male gonopod, and female gonopore characters. Phylogenetic analysis of the molecular data corroborates the novelty of the two species.
Slaves and Slavery in the Late Antique and Early Medieval Penitentials
Authors: Winnebeck Julia
Published: November 2020

The paper examines the evidence for slavery in the late antique and early medieval penitentials. This body of sources has only recently been rediscovered for the study of slavery. Most of the earliest extant penitentials contain canons that deal in one way or another with slaves (servus or ancilla) or slavery (servitium). These canons can roughly be grouped into three categories according to the aspect under which slavery is considered in them: In the first category of canons, slaves are merely mentioned in the description of a sin in which they are either involved in or the victim of. The second category of canons considers slavery as a penitential punishment. The third category, finally, offers more general rules or laws on slavery. Samples for these three categories and their analysis form the main part of the paper. The presented evidence is then evaluated with regard to the questions what kind of insights the penitentials offer for the study of slavery in general, and the involvement of the Church in slavery in particular.
The Government of the Body: A Reconstruction of the Physiological Chapters in Nemesius of Emesa’s De natura hominis
Authors: Dusenbury David Lloyd
Published: November 2020

This contribution argues that the physiological and psychological chapters of
Nemesius of Emesa’s highly influential conspectus of late-antique
anthropology, De natura hominis, are not random memoranda on
the human organism or disjecta membra extracted from a range of
late-antique sources. On the contrary, it is claimed here that De natura
hominis 6-28, in which the medical anthropology of the
Platonic–Galenic tradition comes to the fore, mark a decisive phase in
the argument of Nemesius’ text. The human is defined by Nemesius as the
only living being which is at once ruler and ruled. In De natura
hominis 6-28, this image of humankind is given an anatomical
proof.
Museums in the Long Now: History in the Geological Age of Humans
Authors: Robin Libby
Published: November 2020

History in times of crisis is practical: future action depends on historical framing. Moving beyond “human scales” to include the evolutionary and the geological, and beyond humans to include other species, demands different approaches and new “archives” like ice-cores. This paper considers history in the Long Now, and particularly how museums and big public arts institutions develop new sorts of history through practical story-telling, taking seriously the notion that “the central role of museums [is] both an expression of cultural identity and … a powerful force for human development and education.” The museum has a particular value as “slow media”, deepening news stories in times of rapid change. The new epoch of Earth, the Anthropocene, where humans have become a geological force, poses challenges for exhibitions, but also reshapes museums themselves. Crucial to managing stories, collections and objects in Anthropocene times is the capacity to change course, to remain open to new developments, using performances, events and “pop-up” exhibitions alongside traditional museum offerings. New Museology regards stories as the fundamental unit of museums. Thus, the curation of stories is central work. No longer are museums defined solely by objects: the artistic and the ephemeral are all part of story-telling.
The Power of the Illegitimate
Authors: Tsuji Teruyuki
Published: November 2020

Based on archival research and supplemented by ethnographic observations, this article critically revisits the history of La Divina Pastora, the Madonna of Spanish origin, in colonial Trinidad, focusing on how the spirituality and materiality of two statues of this Marian image intersected, competed, and reinforced each other: a fair-complexioned La Divina Pastora in northern Trinidad, created and patronized by the Catholic central authorities; and a dark-skinned, miracle-working La Divin/Sipari Mai in Siparia, formerly a peripheral Spanish mission in southern Trinidad. Tracing the trajectory of their lives and relations reveals the complexities of the ecclesiastical history of Trinidad, unearthing the contradictions and tensions between the patriarchal making and remaking of religious orthodoxy and the popular praxis of faith for day-to-day substantive issues needing medico-spiritual solutions. Unlike extant studies, addressing the two distinct statues representing the same Marian image, this article utilizes a holistic approach in order to appreciate why and how the Madonna at Siparia emerged, survived, and thrived as a shared empowering object, despite the colonial obsession with racial-cultural purity and regimes of the boundaries of belonging. The conflicts among the Christian communities were intertwined and thwarted the Catholic central authority’s attempts to exploit La Divin/Sipari Mai’s transgressive power to attract Hindus to the Church. The tangled conflicts also created conditions in which Hindu supplications for miraculous cures persisted and thrived, despite discrimination and repression by the Catholic authorities. The incessant interactions between Catholics and Hindu devotees in Siparia led to the combination of their originally divergent practices and worldviews and the transformation of the dark-colored Madonna from La Divina Pastora to La Divin/Sipari Mai, an alternative spiritual construction that represented various maternal/female bodies, each conforming to distinct religious traditions.
Development of a sulphurous acid thiolysis-high performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of procyanidins in pine bark products
Authors: Shi Lei , Liang Chunqi , Qi Yongzhi
Published: November 2020

A sulphurous acid thiolysis-HPLC method for the determination of procyanidins in pine bark products was established. The concentration of sulphurous acid is 1.2%, the concentration of benzyl mercaptan is 2%, the reaction temperature is 90 °C, and the reaction time is 60 minutes.
Under these conditions, the preservative rates of catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate and their benzyl sulfide derivatives were 89.7%, 86.2%, 95.4%, 63.1%, 64.6% and 73.5%, respectively. According to this study, the calculation method for the procyanidin content determination by the
thiolysis-HPLC method was corrected.
Study on the effect of peritoneal dialysis tube materials on chronic failure analysis related infection
Authors: Chen Xiangwen , Gong Yanhui , Liao Xiangping , Li Shumei , Liu Zhichao , Xie Xianda , Tang Dairong
Published: November 2020

The material membrane dialysis catheter is required for the reproduction of dermatobacteria and fruit. 20 cases of peritoneal dialysis were treated with antibacterial materials and distilled catheter. Compared with that of the control group, the skin level of the 16 expansion group
was lower. At the second generation, it was a variety of Sphingomonas under the order of S. The difference of species abundance between groups is mainly the rare species in the control group. The results showed that the use of long-term materials in prevention and treatment of peritoneal dialysis
infection has a beneficial long-term effect.
Cytotoxicity to cervical cancer cells of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles coated with cholic acid
Authors: Liu Yurong , Hou Xiaoyan , Lu Lianwei , Wang Ruixiang
Published: November 2020

This study examined the effect of nanosized ferric oxide (Fe3O4) particles coated with different materials on the toxicity to HeLa cervical cancer cells. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared using a solventless thermal decomposition
method and coated with either PLGA or CA-PLGA star copolymers. The uptake of nanoparticles by HeLa cells was observed by laser confocal microscopy. The toxicity to HeLa cells of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with these two materials was determined by the thiazole blue (MTT)
method. The particle size of the single Fe3O4 nanoparticles was about 7 nm, and the PLGA and CA-PLGA nanoparticles loaded with Fe3O4 were spherical, with a particle size of about 200 mm and a theoretical drug loading of 10%. When the mass concentration
of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is the same (25 pg/mL), the toxicity of Fe3O4-loaded CA-PLGA nanoparticles to HeLa cells is less than that of the corresponding PLGA nanoparticles. Thus, the CA-PLGA star copolymer can reduce the cytotoxicity of magnetic Fe3O4
nanoparticles and offers potential for broad application in vivo.
Adopted Adolescents at School: Social Support and Adjustment
Authors: Paniagua Carmen , García-Moya Irene , Moreno Carmen
Published: November 2020

There is a need of additional research into the social aspects of adoptees’ school experiences. For that purpose, the present study used a sample of adopted ( n = 541) and non-adopted ( n = 582) adolescents from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Spain. Specifically, we analyzed social support at school (from classmates and teachers), explored adjustment differences between domestic adoptees, intercountry adoptees, and non-adopted adolescents, and examined whether adoption status and adjustment problems explain potential differences in support from teachers and from classmates. Results showed more difficulties in domestic adoptees than in the other two groups. Furthermore, differences were found in the role of adoption status and adjustment problems in classmate and teacher support: once conduct problems were taken into account, the association between adoption status and classmate support became non-significant. In contrast, both conduct problems and adoption status were significant factors associated with lower teacher support.
Violence and Political Participation in Northeastern Guatemala
Authors: Simon Saskia
Published: November 2020

Since colonial times, Northeastern Guatemala has been at the crossroads of legal and illegal trade routes used by local elites and foreign investors. Organized crime has always prospered there with the complicity and participation of the local authorities, while the United Fruit Company started its first banana plantations there in 1904. Both rested their capital accumulation on governmentalities mixing disciplinary and sovereign power mechanisms as analyzed by Foucault. In response to the impact of these governmentalities, centered on control and violence, the population has developed a tactical subjectivity that presents obstacles to its political participation and collective mobilization.

Desde la época colonial, el noreste de Guatemala ha estado en la encrucijada de las rutas comerciales legales e ilegales utilizadas por las élites locales y los inversionistas extranjeros. Allí, el crimen organizado siempre ha prosperado con la complicidad y la participación de las autoridades locales, y la United Fruit Company sembró sus primeros platanares en el territorio en 1904. Ambos bandos sustentaron su acumulación de capital en gubernamentalidades que mezclan mecanismos de poder disciplinario y soberano, tal y como los define Foucault. En respuesta al impacto de estas organizaciones gubernamentales, centradas en el control y la violencia, la población ha desarrollado una subjetividad táctica que presenta obstáculos a su participación política y movilización colectiva.