bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Neuromuscular Ultrasound vs. Electrodiagnostic Studies for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Paired Accuracy Studies
Authors: Miller Larry E. , Hammert Warren C. , Rekant Mark S. , Fowler John R.
Published: September 2024

This systematic review with meta-analysis compared the diagnostic accuracy of neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS) and electrodiagnostic studies (EDX) as confirmatory tests for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) diagnosis. We used bivariate random-effects models to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity and generate hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic curves to assess diagnostic test accuracy. Nine paired accuracy studies were included, representing 1751 hands (743 clinically diagnosed CTS; 1008 without CTS) that underwent NMUS and EDX. Compared to the clinical diagnosis reference standard, the pooled sensitivity was 86.4% for NMUS and 91.6% for EDX. Pooled specificity was 79.3% for NMUS and 81.9% for EDX. The positive likelihood ratios were 4.2 and 5.1 for NMUS and EDX, respectively, and the negative likelihood ratios were 0.17 and 0.10, respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 24 for NMUS and 49 for EDX. No statistically significant differences were identified between NMUS and EDX for sensitivity, specificity, or overall diagnostic accuracy. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of NMUS is similar to that of EDX for CTS diagnosis, with high sensitivity and moderate specificity for each. The choice between these confirmatory diagnostic tests should incorporate shared decision-making between patients and providers that weighs diagnostic accuracy as well as factors such as patient preferences, test availability, cost, and tolerability.
Key stakeholder perspectives on delivery of vaccination services in Quebec community pharmacies
Authors: Chadi Alexandre , Thirion Daniel J. G. , Waite Nancy M. , David Pierre-Marie
Published: September 2024

Background:

Undervaccination is a public health issue that disproportionately affects underserved populations. Pharmacists are accessible health care professionals who have the potential to better reach communities. The aim of this study is to understand how organizational obstacles influence the pharmacist’s ability to meet underserved clients’ vaccination needs in community pharmacy.

Methods:

We conducted semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in Quebec. Results were codified according to domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results:

Fourteen interviews were carried out with representatives from pharmacy associations, pharmacy chains and banners, integrated health and social service centres, and local Quebec Public Health departments. Barriers to promoting vaccination were identified in four areas: 1) vaccine service logistics, 2) the pharmacy setting, 3) external influences and 4) pharmacist’s knowledge and beliefs.

Discussion:

Technological tools accessible to pharmacists are sufficient but not user-friendly due to the lack of integration between the pharmacy software, the vaccine registry and the provincial appointment system. Technology limits access to vaccination for certain underserved populations. Moreover, the incentives linked to vaccination do not favour the vaccination of difficult-to-reach clients and they limit pharmacists’ ability to be proactive with vaccine recommendations. Pharmacists are more inclined to participate in mass vaccination campaigns, and delegating vaccine administration to nurses and technicians allows pharmacies to financially break even. Certain services such as travel health vaccination require an extended set of knowledge, which creates resistance for some pharmacists to integrate the role.

Conclusion:

Pharmacists are well-placed to improve vaccination uptake, but several technological and organizational barriers limit their ability to provide vaccination services and reach underserved communities. A better alignment between incentives and proactive promotion should be put forward to encourage pharmacists to actively identify and reach underserved populations.
Court of Justice of the European Union Decision from June 27,2024 in the following cases
Authors: Milchior Richard
Published: September 2024

All the companies requested subsidiarily a reduction of the fine set by the Commission
Comparative effect of different types of physical exercise and intensity levels on low birth weight: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Díaz-Goñi Valentina , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Bizzozero-Peroni Bruno , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Eva , Pascual-Morena Carlos , Sequí-Domínguez Irene , Lucas-Torres Maribel Lucerón , Arenas-Arroyo Sergio Núñez de , Saz-Lara Alicia
Published: September 2024

Background:

Low birth weight (LBW) has been established as a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity. However, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of different types of physical exercise (PE) at different intensities during pregnancy to prevent LBW.

Objectives:

To compare the effectiveness of different types of PE at different levels of intensity in pregnant women to prevent LBW.

Design:

A systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols for Network Meta-Analysis extension statement.

Data Sources and Methods:

We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to November 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A random effects method was used to calculate the pooled mean difference (MD). The effect of each intervention was calculated using a network meta-analysis with a frequentist perspective.

Results:

Forty-three RCTs were included in the systematic review, and 38 RCTs were included in the network meta-analysis. In the general population, although no significant results, the MDs for light-moderate strength, moderate-vigorous strength, and moderate-vigorous Pilates exercises were favorable for preventing LBW. Furthermore, moderate-vigorous strength exercise was effective to prevent LBW, reporting significant MD compared to control groups in the healthy population (310.00, 95% confidence interval: 78.40, 541.60; I2 = 81.3%).

Conclusion:

Strength exercises at a moderate-vigorous intensity could be a potential strategy for the prevention of LBW in the healthy population. However, our findings should be interpreted with caution because the overall risk of bias was between “some concerns” and “high,” and the overall certainty of the evidence was low.

Registration:

PROSPERO CRD42023401770.
Clinically relevant findings on 24-h head CT after acute stroke therapy: The 24-h CT score
Authors: Zhang Bowei , King Andrew J , Voetsch Barbara , Silverman Scott , Schwamm Lee H , Ji Xunming , Singhal Aneesh B
Published: September 2024

Background:

Routine head computed tomography (CT) is performed 24 h post-acute stroke thrombolysis and thrombectomy, even in patients with stable or improving clinical deficits. Predicting CT results that impact management could help prioritize patients at risk and potentially reduce unnecessary imaging.

Methods:

In this institutional review board (IRB)-approved retrospective study, data from 1461 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients at our Comprehensive Stroke Center (n = 8943, 2012–2022) who received intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular therapy, exhibited stable or improving 24-h exams, and underwent 24-h follow-up head CT per standard acute stroke care guidelines. CT reports 24 h post-stroke were reviewed for edema, mass effect, herniation, and hemorrhage. The primary outcome was any clinically relevant 24-h CT finding that led to changes in antithrombotic treatment or blood pressure goals, extended intensive care unit (ICU) stays or hospitalizations, neurosurgical interventions, or administration of mannitol or hypertonic saline. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of clinically meaningful CT abnormalities. A 24-h CT score was developed and cross-validated.

Results:

The mean age was 70 years, with 47% women. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission was 12 (interquartile range (IQR): 6–18). Stroke-related abnormalities on 24-h CT were present in 325 patients (22.2%), with 183 (12.5%) showing clinically relevant findings. Age, admission NIHSS, and blood glucose levels were independent predictors of clinically relevant 24-h CT findings. The final model C statistic was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–0.76) in the derivation cohort and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.67–0.75) in bootstrapping validation. The 24-h CT score was developed using these predictors: NIHSS score 5–15 (+3); NIHSS score ⩾16 (+5); age < 75 years (+1); admission glucose ⩾ 140 mg/dL (+1). The prevalence of clinically relevant CT findings was 4.3% in the low-risk group (24-h CT score ⩽ 4), 11.3% in the medium-risk group (score 5), and 21.4% in the high-risk group (score ⩾ 6). The 24-h CT score demonstrated good calibration.

Conclusion:

In patients undergoing thrombolysis or thrombectomy who undergo routine 24-h head CT despite remaining clinically stable or improving, only one in eight prove to have 24-h head CT findings that impact management. The 24-h CT score provides risk stratification that may improve resource utilization.

Data access statement:

A.S. and B.Z. have full access to the data used in the analysis in this article. Deidentified data will be shared after ethics approval if requested by other investigators for purposes of replicating the results.
A comparison of McGrath video laryngoscope and Macintosh laryngoscope during nasotracheal intubation: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Gangishetty Alekhya , Jonnavithula Nirmala , Geetha Singam , Muthyala Harshini , Peetha Hareesh
Published: September 2024

Background:

Nasotracheal intubation is challenging for anaesthesiologists in faciomaxillary injuries due to the anticipated difficult airways. The effectiveness of a non-channelled McGrath video laryngoscope was compared with a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope during nasotracheal intubation.

Methods:

Sixty American Society of Anaesthesiologists I–II patients aged between 18 and 60 years of both sexes undergoing elective faciomaxillary surgeries from September 2019 to February 2020 were prospectively randomised into two groups (Macintosh laryngoscope Group, McGrath video laryngoscope Group) of 30. The primary outcome was ease of intubation (Modified Intubation Difficulty Scale) and Nasotracheal intubation time (T1 time: from nostril to nasopharynx, T2 time: from nasopharynx until the first ETCO2, total time: T1 + T2). The secondary outcomes were Cormac Lehane grade, additional manoeuvres requirement, intubation failure, tracheostomy incidence and associated complications.

Results:

T1, T2 and total (T1 + T2) time (mean ±  SD) were statistically prolonged in the McGrath video laryngoscope than Macintosh laryngoscope group, with p = 0.044, p = 0.000 and p = 0.000, respectively. The McGrath video laryngoscope facilitated a better laryngoscopic view (p = 0.002), favourable intubation difficulty scale scores, less lifting force (p = 0.002), reduced lip trauma (p = 0.002) and decreased Magill’s forceps use (p = 0.002) than the Macintosh laryngoscope group.

Conclusion:

Despite longer intubation time, the non-channelled McGrath video laryngoscope offered favourable intubating conditions with superior glottis view, less lifting force and reduced Magill’s forceps requirement, causing decreased airway trauma, lower intubation difficulty scale scores than Macintosh laryngoscope for nasotracheal intubation.
Bowel preparation after mid-gut tubing enhanced the efficacy and compliance of magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn’s disease: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yun , Dai Min , Zheng Minghui , Jin Yan , Wen Quan , Cui Bota , Zhang Zulun , Zhu Jianguo , Zhang Faming
Published: September 2024

Background:

Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has become a routine intestinal imaging examination for Crohn’s disease (CD). Sufficient bowel preparation is fundamental for MRE.

Objectives:

To compare the efficacy and compliance of bowel preparation between through a mid-gut tube and oral administration for MRE in CD.

Design:

This was an open-label, prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Methods:

Eligible patients were randomized at a 1:1 ratio into an oral group (bowel preparation by oral administration) and a tubing group (bowel preparation through a mid-gut tube). Bowel preparation for MRE included bowel cleaning and bowel distention. The primary outcomes were the degree of discomfort and grade of bowel distention. The secondary outcomes were diagnostic accuracy rate through MRE, mental stress, and bowel preparation method preference.

Results:

A total of 95 CD patients were included in the final analysis. Subjects in the tubing group complained of less vomiting during bowel preparation than those in the oral group ( p < 0.05). The degree of nausea and bloating during bowel cleaning for MRE was lower in the tubing group than in the oral group (all p < 0.05). The distention grade was higher in the tubing group compared to the oral group in the splenic flexure of the colon and rectosigmoid colon. The tubing group demonstrated a higher overall diagnostic sensitivity in ulcers compared to the oral group ( p = 0.048). Additionally, bowel preparation via the mid-gut tube ameliorated mental stress ( p = 0.020) and increased bowel preparation preference ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Bowel preparation through the mid-gut tube enhanced the efficacy and compliance for MRE in CD. This study highlighted the concept of physician-patient satisfaction using mid-gut tube for proper bowel preparation for MRE, enteral nutrition and microbial therapy.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03541733, registered 5 May 2018.
A comprehensive prediction model of drug-refractory epilepsy based on combined clinical-EEG microstate features
Authors: Zhang Jinying , Zhu Chaofeng , Li Juan , Wu Luyan , Zhang Yuying , Huang Huapin , Lin Wanhui
Published: September 2024

Background:

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Identifying predictors is crucial for early intervention.

Objective:

Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates effectively describe the resting state activity of the human brain using multichannel EEG. This study aims to develop a comprehensive prediction model that integrates clinical features with EEG microstates to predict drug-refractory epilepsy (DRE).

Design:

Retrospective study.

Methods:

This study encompassed 226 patients with epilepsy treated at the epilepsy center of a tertiary hospital between October 2020 and May 2023. Patients were categorized into DRE and non-DRE groups. All patients were randomly divided into training and testing sets. Lasso regression combined with Stepglm [both] algorithms was used to screen independent risk factors for DRE. These risk factors were used to construct models to predict the DRE. Three models were constructed: a clinical feature model, an EEG microstate model, and a comprehensive prediction model (combining clinical-EEG microstates). A series of evaluation methods was used to validate the accuracy and reliability of the prediction models. Finally, these models were visualized for display.

Results:

In the training and testing sets, the comprehensive prediction model achieved the highest area under the curve values, registering 0.99 and 0.969, respectively. It was significantly superior to other models in terms of the C-index, with scores of 0.990 and 0.969, respectively. Additionally, the model recorded the lowest Brier scores of 0.034 and 0.071, respectively, and the calibration curve demonstrated good consistency between the predicted probabilities and observed outcomes. Decision curve analysis revealed that the model provided significant clinical net benefit across the threshold range, underscoring its strong clinical applicability. We visualized the comprehensive prediction model by developing a nomogram and established a user-friendly website to enable easy application of this model ( https://fydxh.shinyapps.io/CE_model_of_DRE/ ).

Conclusion:

A comprehensive prediction model for DRE was developed, showing excellent discrimination and calibration in both the training and testing sets. This model provided an intuitive approach for assessing the risk of developing DRE in patients with epilepsy.
Low pre-immunotherapy forced vital capacity is associated with poor outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy regardless of prior treatment history
Authors: Lim Jeong Uk , Kang Hye Seon , Yeo Chang Dong , Kim Ju Sang , Kim Sung Kyoung , Kim Jin Woo , Kim Seung Joon , Lee Sang Haak
Published: September 2024

Background:

Many patients with lung cancer have underlying chronic lung diseases. We assume that baseline lung functions might also affect the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immunotherapy.

Objectives:

We aimed to assess the impact of pretreatment clinical parameters, including lung function measures such as forced vital capacity (FVC), on the prognosis of patients with NSCLC following immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy.

Design:

Retrospective multicenter study.

Methods:

Study subjects were consecutively selected from a multicenter cohort of patients with NSCLC who were undergoing immunotherapy. Patients were selected regardless of their initial cancer stage and prior treatment. The primary outcome was immunotherapy-related overall survival (iOS), defined as the duration from the initiation of immunotherapy to the time patients were censored. Spirometry values were acquired before bronchodilator application and were performed within the year before the first ICI treatment

Results:

We selected 289 patients for evaluation. The median iOS was 10.9 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.5–14.3). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tested by SP263, was <1% in 20.9%, 1%–49% in 44.3%, and ⩾50% in 32.6% of the patients. ICI was used most often as second-line treatment (70.2%), followed by first line (13.1%), and third line (11.4%). In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, the median iOS of the low FVC group was significantly shorter than that in the preserved FVC group (6.10 (95% CI, 4.45–7.76) months vs 14.40 (95% CI, 10.61–18.34) months, p < 0.001)). A Cox regression analysis for iOS showed that age, poor performance status, PD-L1 expression measured by SP263, stage at diagnosis, and FVC (% predicted) were independent predictive factors. When we replaced FVC (%) in the multivariable analysis with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%), diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco; %), or DLco (absolute), each of the pulmonary function factors showed a significant association with iOS.

Conclusion:

Pre-immunotherapy FVC (%) predicted immunotherapy-related outcomes in NSCLC patients, regardless of initial stage at diagnosis and prior treatment modalities.
Quercetin Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Regression Through the RAGE/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis
Authors: Yang Xin , Wang Ying , Xin Guangyu , Li Jie , Xu Lei , Zhang Guohua , Yang Haotian
Published: September 2024

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a common critical cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Quercetin, a flavonoid and a traditional Chinese medicinal ingredient commonly found in vegetables and fruits, has a favorable inhibitory effect on experimental aneurysms without side effects. This study aimed to model elastase AAA and investigate the mechanism of action of quercetin in alleviating AAA. Methods: Quercetin was administered at a dose of 60 mg/kg once daily starting on the day of AAA induction for 5 weeks. The therapeutic effect of quercetin on AAA was demonstrated using biochemical assays, observation of pathological tissue sections, Elastic Van Gieson staining, immunohistochemistry, molecular docking simulations, and Western blot protein validation. Results: Our study showed that quercetin treatment significantly alleviated abdominal aortic vessel wall dilatation, elastin degradation and adhesion to surrounding tissues caused by elastase. Additionally, quercetin significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (AKT) / mammlian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Conclusion: Quercetin can alleviate abdominal aortic injury caused by elastase via RAGE/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and provide experience in clinical use.
Regenerative Variability of Human Juvenile Chondrocyte Sheets From Different Cell Donors in an Athymic Rat Knee Chondral Defect Model
Authors: Matsukura Keisuke , Kondo Makoto , Metzler Nicolas F. , Ford Adam J. , Maak Travis G. , Hutchinson Douglas T. , Wang Angela A. , Sato Masato , Grainger David W. , Okano Teruo
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to establish a combined histological assessment system of neo-cartilage outcomes and to evaluate variations in an established rat defect model treated with human juvenile cartilage-derived chondrocyte (JCC) sheets fabricated from various donors.

Methods

JCCs were isolated from the polydactylous digits of eight patients. Passage 2 (P2) JCC sheets from all donors were transplanted into nude rat chondral defects for 4 weeks (27 nude rats in total). Defect-only group served as control. Histological samples were stained for safranin O, collagen 1 (COL1), and collagen 2 (COL2). (1) All samples were scored, and correlation coefficients for each score were calculated. (2) Donors were divided into “more effective” and “less effective” groups based on these scores. Then, differences between each group in each category of modified O’Driscoll scoring were evaluated.

Results

(1) Modified O’Driscoll scores were negatively correlated with %COL1 area, and positively correlated with %COL2 area and COL2/1 ratio. (2) Four of 8 donors exhibited significantly higher modified O’Driscoll scores and %COL2 areas. JCC donors were divided into two groups by average score values. Significant differences between the two groups were observed in modified O’Driscoll categories of “Nature of predominant tissue,” “Reconstruction of subchondral bone,” and “Safranin O staining.”

Conclusion

The combined histological evaluation method is useful for detailed in vivo efficacy assessments of cartilage defect regeneration models. Variations in histological scores among juvenile cartilage-derived chondrocyte donors were correlated to the quality of regenerated cartilage hyaline structure and subchondral bone remodeling observed in the nude rat defect model.
Successful correction of flat-chested kitten syndrome in two littermate kittens
Authors: Fusi Jasmine , Bagardi Mara , Bassi Jessica , Ferrari Francesco , Veronesi Maria Cristina
Published: September 2024

Case summary Two 18-day-old domestic shorthair kittens presented with dyspnoea, mild cyanosis, heart murmur, lung pattern, abnormal crawling and a marked dorsoventral flattening of the thorax. Deformity of the thoracic wall without pectus excavatum was diagnosed. Cardboard corsets tailored to each kitten were applied. This gave immediate respiratory relief, easing distress and pain. After 10 days, clinical and radiographic monitoring revealed normalisation of the shape of the chest wall with an improvement in general condition. At 6 months of age, clinical examination showed normal growth and development of both kittens, with a normal thoracic profile and shape also seen on radiographs.

Relevance and novel information Data about flat-chested kitten syndrome and its aetiopathogenesis, treatment and outcome are scarce, but there is significant experience among breeders that is shared through online communities. High mortality rates are reported. The use of a cardboard splint appears to be novel in the published literature; in this case report, it proved to be a rapid and easy solution. For this reason, cardboard splints could be considered as a first approach for the clinical management of flat-chested kitten syndrome.
Unveiling the Contested Digital Feminism: Advocacy, Self-Promotion, and State Oversight Among Chinese Beauty Influencers on Weibo
Authors: Sun Qingyue , Ding Runze
Published: September 2024

Through a qualitative analysis of feminist posts shared by Chinese beauty influencers, this study explores the political potential and limitations of their engagements in digital feminism on Weibo. Chinese beauty influencers show the potential to shape everyday feminist discourses and promote female solidarity on Weibo. However, beauty influencers’ feminist practices represent a form of contested activism, situated at the intersection of state governance, platform power, and entrepreneurial demands, subtly reconfiguring digital feminism in China. By converting feminist sentiments into brand assets through self-branding and promotional activities, influencers’ feminist practices feed into the platform’s profit motives and their own career advancements. Moreover, beauty influencers adopted what we call “state-aligned, soft activism,” inadvertently perpetuating the non-emancipatory gender discourses endorsed by state governance. Their engagement with digital feminism exemplifies the ambivalent feminist politics within the Chinese digital space dominated by state control and commercial logic, reflecting inherent contradictions and broader tensions in conducting meaningful feminist activism within a constrained environment.
The Prediction of Entrepreneurial Alertness Among Rural Cooperatives Based on Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Passion
Authors: Aliabadi Vahid , Ataei Pouria , Gholamrezai Saeed
Published: September 2024

In the context of rural resource constraints, how different dimensions of social capital and entrepreneurial passion affect entrepreneurial alertness is an important issue worth studying. The purpose of this study was to predict the entrepreneurial alertness of rural cooperative members based on social capital based on the mediator role of entrepreneurial passion. The research population was composed of 3,851 members of rural cooperatives in Kermanshah province, Iran. A standard questionnaire was used for data collection. Formal validity, convergent validity, and divergent validity were checked for the questionnaire, and its reliability was confirmed by a pilot test and the calculation of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (.82–.90). The SPSS22 and SmartPLS1 software suites were used to analyze the data. The survey methodology was used to achieve the results and performance. The findings showed that social capital ( p = .428) and entrepreneurial passion ( p = .383) had a positive effect on entrepreneurial alertness. Also, the mediator role of entrepreneurial passion in the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurial alertness was confirmed. This study contributes to an understanding of the entrepreneurial alertness in rural cooperatives by asking members making up social capital how they perceive the main factors that can better enable sustainable ventures to thrive and play a role in sustainable transitions.
Deep Learning-Based Analysis of Emotional and Content Relevance Between Bullet Screens and Subtitles as Movie Narrative Medium
Authors: Hanmei Wang
Published: September 2024

This study borrows elements of film text in the field of film studies to develop the potential of data analysis using AI algorithms, while aiming to explore the emotional and content relevances between the two narrative mediums in film, bullet screens and subtitles, as well as the narrative effect variations that they bring about. The film sample Forever Young was analyzed by deep learning, data analysis, and knowledge discovery algorithms and tools. The BERT model was used to quantify the intensity of emotions and conduct fine-grained emotional classification of film characters. Emotion curves are plotted based on time series data. Thematic words are extracted by the LDA algorithm, and text similarity is computed using Word2Vec. The study found differences in emotional expression between bullet screens and subtitles, and they also exhibit strong emotional and content relevances. Yet, this correlation is not only influenced by temporal deviation factors but also by specific emotional types, different stages of story development, and the collective emotions of online views. The conclusion suggests that the effective collection of plot metronomes in film narratives helps reveal crucial plot nodes and emotional trends in films that cause obvious emotional changes, and placing them appropriately is fundamental for continuously attracting and retaining viewers’ attention. The interaction between bullet comments and subtitles is not only about emotional expression but also enhances the effectiveness of the film narrative. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of database logic and technology in understanding and expressing film emotions and meanings, and providing new ideas and methods for enhancing film narrative effectiveness.
Does Accreditation Lead to School Improvement? Perceptions of Educators in K-12 Settings
Authors: Shal Tarek , Ghamrawi Norma , Ghamrawi Najah A.R.
Published: September 2024

Accreditation has witnessed a surge in popularity within K-12 settings, being perceived as a pathway to excellence and a testament to the pursuit of quality education. This study explored the perceptions of 423 educators (teachers, subject coordinators, and school leaders) from 10 Arab Sates focusing on the value of accreditation and its impact on school improvement, through their lenses. A survey with an open-ended question, was used to collect data. Quantitative data underwent statistical analysis using SPSS 25.0, while qualitative data from the open-ended question were analyzed using theme-based analysis. Findings reveal that participants expressed positive views toward accreditation, recognizing its role in ensuring compliance with standards related to safety, resource allocation, and infrastructure provisions. However, participants, particularly teachers, displayed more reserved perspectives on accreditation’s potential to enhance school improvement, expressing concerns that it may lead to cloned schools and diminish teachers’ creativity and autonomy. This study highlights the complexities and divergent perceptions surrounding accreditation’s impact on K-12 education, urging further reflection and dialogue to better align accreditation practices with the genuine pursuit of school improvement and educational excellence.
The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Storytelling in Reducing the Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Among Female Adolescents
Authors: Al-Frehat Basem Mohammed , Al- Shraifin Ahmad Abdullah , Zuraikat Malek J.
Published: September 2024

This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of therapeutic storytelling in reducing body dysmorphic disorder symptoms among a sample of female adolescents in Irbid, Jordan. The study sample comprises 28 female adolescents who are randomly distributed into two equal groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group ( N = 14) participated in the therapeutic storytelling program while the control group ( N = 14) did not participate in any intervention program. However, to achieve the objectives of the study, a scale of body dysmorphic disorder is used to collect the study data in the pre- and post-tests of the two groups while the follow-up test is applied to the experimental group only. After analyzing the collected data, the results of one-way analysis of variance and t-test showed statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups. The scores average of the post-test on the body dysmorphic disorder scale was in favor of the experimental group, which indicates the value of the therapeutic storytelling program used. The results of post- and follow-up comparisons among the experimental group members indicate the absence of statistically significant differences between the post- and follow-up averages on the body dysmorphic disorder scale, which reflects the reliability of the program’s impact.
Transforaminal Endoscopic Decompression Alone Versus Limited Decompression/Fusion in the Treatment of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Yao , Lin Wancheng , Lian Xin , Ding Lixiang , Song Jipeng
Published: September 2024

Study Design

A retrospective study.

Objectives

To investigate and compare the clinical and radiographical outcomes of endoscopic decompression alone and limited decompression/fusion surgery in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS).

Methods

Follow-up data of 53 patients with lower limb radiculopathy associated with ADS who underwent focal surgical treatment were collected (endoscope group: 31 patients treated by transforaminal endoscopic decompression alone; fusion group: 22 patients who underwent limited decompression/fusion). The following data were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two group: the demographics, Lenke-Silva level, radiographic parameters, surgical data, visual analogue scale (VAS) for back/leg pain, the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the modified MacNab criteria.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 15.68 ± 3.26 months. The most frequent Lenke-Silva level was I in the endoscope group, and III in the fusion group. Preoperative Cobb angle in the endoscope group was significantly lower than that in the fusion group (23.92 ± 9.06 vs 39.58 ± 13.12, P < 0.05). All patients exhibited improved VAS and ODI scores postoperatively ( P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the Cobb angle had progressed by 1.51° in the endoscope group, whereas radiographic parameters were significantly improved in the fusion group. The reoperation and complication rate in the endoscope group were lower than those in the fusion group. The satisfaction rate post-surgery was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions

For patients with focal ADS, both limited decompression/fusion and transforaminal endoscopic decompression are viable treatment options. Advanced transforaminal endoscopic techniques enable effective decompression of the symptomatic foramen with minimal complication risk and negligible deformity progression, even in cases of significant scoliosis. While limited fusion surgery can achieve comparable clinical outcomes, it offers inferior deformity correction.
Development of 5-fluorouracil/etoposide co-loaded electrospun nanofibrous scaffold for localized anti-melanoma therapy
Authors: Shojaei Shirin , Doostan Mahtab , Mohammadi Motlagh Hamidreza , Esnaashari Seyedeh Sara , Maleki Hassan
Published: September 2024

Nanofibrous scaffolds have emerged as promising candidates for localized drug delivery systems in the treatment of cutaneous cancers. In this study, we prepared an electrospun nanofibrous scaffold incorporating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and etoposide (ETP) for chemotherapy targeting melanoma cutaneous cancer. The scaffold was composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS), prepared via the electrospinning process and loaded with the chemotherapeutic agents. We conducted relevant physicochemical characterizations, assessed cytotoxicity, and evaluated apoptosis against melanoma A375 cells. The prepared 5-FU/ETP co-loaded PVA/CS scaffold exhibited nanofibers (NFs) with an average diameter of 321 ± 61 nm, defect-free and homogenous morphology. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed successful incorporation of chemotherapeutics into the scaffold. Additionally, the scaffold demonstrated a hydrophilic surface, proper mechanical strength, high porosity, and efficient liquid absorption capacity. Notably, sustained and controlled drug release was observed from the nanofibrous scaffold. Furthermore, the scaffold significantly increased cytotoxicity (95%) and apoptosis (74%) in A375 melanoma cells. Consequently, the prepared 5-FU/ETP co-loaded PVA/CS nanofibrous scaffold holds promise as a valuable system for localized eradication of cutaneous melanoma tumors and mitigation of adverse drug reactions associated with chemotherapy.
Leaks in the College Access Pipeline: Examining Summer Melt in a Large Urban School District
Authors: Miller Carrie E. , Phillips Meredith , Ahearn Caitlin E.
Published: September 2024

Some high school seniors who plan to attend college in the fall following graduation do not enroll. This phenomenon, known as summer melt, contributes to lower educational attainment, particularly among low-income students. We extend the literature on summer melt in two ways. First, we show that melt estimates can be sensitive to measurement decisions and local context, and in particular that estimates based on student-level National Student Clearinghouse data can overstate the extent of summer melt. Second, we show that aspects of students’ behavior and perceptions, such as their attendance rates, Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) completion, and confidence about their intended college, predict summer melt. These results suggest ways that school staff and summer melt interventions could potentially target additional support to college-intending students to facilitate their successful transition to college.
Locating the Representation of Anti-Caste Sentiments in Marathi Cinema
Authors: Balande Chandoba Narsing , Ranganathan Balaji
Published: September 2024

With the release of Nagraj Manjule’s Fandry ( Pig), 2014, and Sairat ( Wild), 2016, the anti-caste sentiments in Marathi cinema set up the new course and trend for the upcoming cinema content critical of the discriminatory caste practices. It is believed to be the milestone in Marathi cinema with a thematic departure from the mundane melodramatic cinema content in Marathi. The Marathi films with the representation of the anti-caste thematic content released prior to Fandry are scarcely acknowledged. The objective of the article is to study and analyse the representation of the anti-caste sentiments in Marathi cinema before the release of Nagraj Manjule’s Fandry. Before analysing some of the Marathi movies, the precursors to the ‘social’ outlook of Marathi cinema that bring to screen the anti-caste sentiments are explored and discussed in the article.
Impact of Sexual Cognition and Sexual Anxiety on the Mental Health of Married and Unmarried Population in India
Authors: Jaisawal Manish Kumar , Kumari Rajbala , Rai Gaurav Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background:

Negative sexual cognition and sexual anxiety create a substantial amount of distress and guilt in an individual, which in turn can lead to reduced well-being. However, the impact of sexual cognition and sexual anxiety on mental health are less researched topics, especially in the Indian context.

Aim:

To investigate the effect of sexual cognition and sexual anxiety on mental health.

Method:

124 participants of age range 18–35 years were recruited using purposive sampling method. Sexual Cognition Checklist, Sexual Anxiety Inventory, and Mental Health Inventory were used to assess sexual cognition, sexual anxiety, and mental health respectively.

Results:

Mental health was significantly negatively associated with sexual anxiety and negative sexual cognition. Also, a significant positive correlation was found between positive sexual cognition and mental health. Negative sexual cognition and sexual anxiety emerged as significant predictors, accounting for approximately 20% and 6% of the variance in mental health, respectively. Finally, an independent sample t-test suggests that males and females significantly differ in their level of sexual cognition, mental health, and sexual anxiety.

Conclusions:

Negative sexual cognition and sexual anxiety are associated with poor mental health while positive sexual cognition is associated with better mental health. Unmarried Indian women tend to experience more negative sexual cognition and sexual anxiety than married women.
What Is Music For? The Power of Community Music Programs
Authors: Weatherly Katy Ieong Cheng Ho
Published: September 2024

Drawing from Small’s notion of musicking, I invite readers to recognize the transformative power of community music programs in fostering societal cohesion and personal growth. Central to this discussion is the idea that musicking extends beyond mere musical performance to encapsulate a complex network of relationships among participants, which reflects broader societal interactions as envisaged by those involved. I propose the cyclic nature of building and rebuilding within community music programs and advocate for continuous reflection on the fundamental question: “What is music for?” This paper aims to deepen our understanding of music’s role within our communities.
History, geopolitics and climate security
Authors: Dalby Simon
Published: September 2024

Contemporary debates about climate security should take seriously the historical antecedents in discussions of the role of climate on human civilizations. The revival of geopolitical rivalries draws on some of this earlier literature, but now the crucial point about climate is that policies on fossil fuels determine the future trajectory of climate and hence the hazards and difficulties that policies of climate security must address. The complexities of both responding to climate disruptions and trying to decarbonize energy systems are immense, but both of these need to be tackled urgently in the new Anthropocene circumstances of a climate-disrupted world.
Inflammatory plasma protein levels are elevated years before sarcoidosis diagnosis: a nested case–control study in Sweden
Authors: Arkema Elizabeth V. , Sachs Michael C. , Dominicus Annica , Eklund Anders , Smed-Sörensen Anna , Grunewald Johan , Blomberg Anders
Published: September 2024

Background

Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease whose natural development is not well understood. We aimed to determine if inflammatory plasma protein levels are elevated before sarcoidosis diagnosis compared to controls. Furthermore, we investigated which proteins are increased and how long before diagnosis they are increased.

Methods

Cases with sarcoidosis and controls matched 2:1 on sex, birthdate, subcohort and sample date were identified in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study to perform a nested case–control study. Cases were validated and included if they provided one or more plasma samples at least 2 years before sarcoidosis diagnosis. Plasma protein levels were measured using the Olink Inflammation panel and expressed in normalised protein expression values. Unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, subcohort and time since sampling were used to estimate log odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for each protein overall and by time to diagnosis. p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg method.

Results

We included 152 cases and 341 controls. Mean time between sample and sarcoidosis diagnosis was 13.4 years. 44 proteins were significantly elevated prior to sarcoidosis compared to controls in multivariable-adjusted analyses. The 10 proteins with the lowest p-values were CCL-3, CCL-19, cub domain-containing protein 1, CXCL9, CXCL10, interferon-γ, interleukin-12B, monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and TNF receptor superfamily 9. Fewer proteins were associated with sarcoidosis in samples taken longer before diagnosis. Restricting to samples taken ≥10 years prior to sarcoidosis diagnosis, 27 proteins remained statistically significant.

Conclusion

Several inflammatory proteins were elevated in plasma many years before sarcoidosis onset compared to controls, revealing a pre-clinical phase characterised by inflammation.
Identification of genomic regions associated with fatty acid metabolism across blood, liver, backfat and muscle in pigs
Authors: Liu Junhui , Sebastià Cristina , Jové-Juncà Teodor , Quintanilla Raquel , González-Rodríguez Olga , Passols Magí , Castelló Anna , Sánchez Armand , Ballester Maria , Folch Josep M.
Published: September 2024

Background

The composition and distribution of fatty acids (FA) are important factors determining the quality, flavor, and nutrient value of meat. In addition, FAs synthesized in the body participate in energy metabolism and are involved in different regulatory pathways in the form of signaling molecules or by acting as agonist or antagonist ligands of different nuclear receptors. Finally, synthesis and catabolism of FAs affect adaptive immunity by regulating lymphocyte metabolism. The present study performed genome-wide association studies using FA profiles of blood, liver, backfat and muscle from 432 commercial Duroc pigs.

Results

Twenty-five genomic regions located on 15 Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC) were detected. Annotation of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions identified 49 lipid metabolism-related candidate genes. Among these QTLs, four were identified in more than one tissue. The ratio of C20:4n-6/C20:3n-6 was associated with the region on SSC2 at 7.56–14.26 Mb for backfat, liver, and muscle. Members of the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster (FADS1, FADS2, and FADS3) are the most promising candidate genes in this region. Two QTL regions on SSC14 (103.81–115.64 Mb and 100.91–128.14 Mb) were identified for FA desaturation in backfat and muscle. In addition, two separate regions on SSC9 at 0 – 14.55 Mb and on SSC12 at 0–1.91 Mb were both associated with the same multiple FA traits for backfat, with candidate genes involved in de novo FA synthesis and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism, such as DGAT2 and FASN. The ratio C20:0/C18:0 was associated with the region on SSC5 at 64.84–78.32 Mb for backfat. Furthermore, the association of the C16:0 content with the region at 118.92–123.95 Mb on SSC4 was blood specific. Finally, candidate genes involved in de novo lipogenesis regulate T cell differentiation and promote the generation of palmitoleate, an adipokine that alleviates inflammation.

Conclusions

Several SNPs and candidate genes were associated with lipid metabolism in blood, liver, backfat, and muscle. These results contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanisms implicated in the determination of the FA profile in different pig tissues and can be useful in selection programs that aim to improve health and energy metabolism in pigs.