bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Asphyxiated Newborns Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Non Randomised Cohort Study
Authors: Prajapati Jyoti , Singh Devraj , Ramawat Pramila , Jain Nilesh
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH) is now a proven model of treatment to prevent complications in asphyxiated newborns. Perinatal asphyxia is the leading cause of mortality and disability in India and developing countries. The TH is still not the standard treatment protocol in developing India, and data regarding early neurological outcomes after TH is lacking. Aim: To evaluate the early neurological outcome at 3, 6, and 9 months of asphyxiated newborns who received TH compared to non recipients. Materials and Methods: This was a non randomised cohort study conducted at the tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 190 asphyxiated newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) within 24 hours of life, meeting the laboratory and/ or clinical criteria of perinatal asphyxia were enrolled. Eligible newborns admitted within 6 hours of birth receiving TH were labelled as recipients, and those who received standard care were labelled as non-recipients. Neonates were assessed at 3, 6, and 9 months and compared for neurodevelopment using the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) optimality score and Denver Developmental Screening Test II. Both groups were compared using t-test and chi-square test. Results: Out of the total 190 enrolled participants, 14 were excluded and 176 newborns were further divided into recipients and non recipients groups. Baseline demographic characters were similar in both groups. Seventy-five recipients were followed up till three months, 72 at six months, and 69 at nine months vs 62, 60, and 56 non recipients, respectively. Lesser number of recipients scored suboptimal scores (HINE score <67) at 3 months vs non recipients (20% vs 35.4%, mean/ SD 63 [3.43] vs 57 [4.55], [p<0.001]). At six months (HINE score<70), the incidence was 18% vs 21% (p=0.02), mean score 67 vs 61 (p<0.0001); and at 9 months (HINE score<73) the incidence was 14.4% vs 30.3% (p=0.048), mean score 72 vs 65 among recipient vs non recipients (p<0.0001). Recipients also had less incidence of severe disability (HINE score< 40) at 6 (8.3%vs 21.6% p<0.02), and 9 months (8.3% vs. 19.6%, p<0.04) as compared to non recipients. More recipients had a normal developmental screening at 3,6, and 9 months on the DDST scale. Recipients required fewer anti-epileptics at 3 and 6 months (3 vs 11) as compared to non recipients (p<0.05). Mortality was also less in recipients (7.8% vs 20.9%, p<0.05) as compared to non recipients. Conclusion: There was a significant developmental and neurological improvement with decreased mortality, less episode of seizures, reduction in the need for antiepileptic among recipients of TH compared to non recipients at 3, 6, and 9 months of age.
Foot Length as a Proxy Indicator for Detection of Birth Weight in Newborns: An Observational Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gururaju Daasara , Rangappa Manjunathswamy , Shivasharana Bheemaraya
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Birth weight is an important parameter to assess the overall wellbeing of newborn. In developing countries like India, where large number of home deliveries occurs measuring birth weight is difficult. Studies have reported a positive correlation between birth weight and foot length. Hence, foot length may be considered as an alternative in place of birth weight, the former being an easy and cheap parameter to assess. Aim: To assess the correlation between foot length and birth weight in newborns, delivered or referred within 24 hours of birth. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Karnataka, India, (tertiary care hospital), from February 2021 to October 2021. A total of 902 newborns were included in the study. Foot length was measured with transparent ruler scale with 0.1 cm precision, and birth weight was recorded using digital weighing scale with 10 grams precision. The correlation coefficient was calculated between foot length and birth weight. Results: Out of 902 newborns, 495 (54.87%) were males. The mean birth weight was 2.57±0.56 kg. The mean foot lengths were 7.27±0.58 cm in <2.5 kg category, 7.3±0.47 cm in 2.5-3.5 kg category, and 7.82±0.48 cm in >3.5 kg category. The correlation coefficient between foot length and birth weight in <2.5 kg, 2.5- 3.5 kg and >3.5 kg group were 0.96, 0.93 and 0.78, respectively. Conclusion: Foot length can be used as a proxy measure to detect low birth weight in newborns in resource-limited settings where weighing is not possible.
Significance of Ki67, BCL 2 Immunoexpression in Urothelial Carcinoma and their Association with Grading and Staging: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ray Prithwish , Sarkar Sanjayay , Mondal Seema , Chowdhury Anadi Roy
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Urinary bladder is the most common site of malignancy in the urinary tract and the most common type of cancer of urothelial origin is urothelial cell carcinoma. This subtype constitutes more than 90% of bladder cancer. Histological grade of tumour is one of the most important predictive parameter for prognosis and biological behavior of urothelial carcinoma. As some crucial discordances may arise between pathologists because of subjectivity, so immunohistochemistry can be used for accurate diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. Aim: To study the immununohistochemical expression of B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL 2) and Ki(Kiel)-67 markers and their association with tumour grade and stage in urothelial carcinomas. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care R G Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. West Bengal, India, on a total of 75 cases from January 2018 to June 2019. The study population comprised of cases of urothelial lesions as diagnosed by cystoscopy, who underwent standardized operative procedures. Relevant sections were taken from different parts of the fixed specimens. Histopathological Examination (HPE) was done to confirm the presence or absence of non-invasive and invasive carcinoma, and the depth of invasive tumour cells for pathological staging. Evaluation of the level of cytological and architectural disorder at low and medium magnification (100X and 200X) were done for grading. Cytological disorder were defined as abnormalities in nuclear size, shape, and chromatin, while architectural disorder were defined as abnormalities in the orientation of the cells in relation to each other and to the basement membrane of the papillae. Immunohistochemical analysis was done for Ki67 and BCL 2 expression in paraffin embedded sections in all the cases. In this study, chi-square test was done with International Business Management(IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), as per which, the association between two variables is statistically significant if p value is <0.05. Results: Out of total 75 cases(mean age: 67.3 years) analysed, 58 cases (77.3%) had Invasive type of bladder neoplasm, followed by low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma 10 (13.3%), and papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential 07 (9.3%). Ki67 expression in urothelial carcinoma has more significance because 59 cases (78.7%) showed high level expression (>20%) out of 75 cases, whereas only 12 (16%) cases show high level expression (4+) of BCL 2 marker. Conclusion: Ki67 overexpression is seen more commonly, than BCL 2, in high grade tumours as well as in advanced stage. So Ki67 may be used as a marker to predict aggressive behavior and to differentiate low grade and high grade tumours also.
Diagnostic Utility of Immunohistochemistry Markers Galectin-3, CK19 and CD56 in Thyroid Neoplasms: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Raman Jayasree , Philip Febby K , Govind Unnikrishnan
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The spectrum of follicular patterned thyroid lesions vary from benign to malignant, their categorisation based solely on morphology can often be equivocal. Diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry as a useful ancillary technique is researched in detail, but there is no consensus for use of a marker of diagnostic utility in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Aim: To evaluate the differential immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3, CK19 and CD56 in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care centre, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India, from January 2018 to January 2019. Immunohistochemistry staining of galectin-3, Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and Cluster Differentiation 56 (CD56) was done in 47 thyroid neoplasms. Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of galectin-3, cytoplasmic or membranous staining of CK19 and loss of membranous expression of CD56 in more than 10% neoplastic cells were taken as positive expression. The data was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0. Diagnostic test evaluation for markers done by calculating sensitivity and specificity. Results: Out of total 47 neoplasms, 26 were malignant and 21 were benign neoplasms. Of these, galectin-3 positivity was seen in 22 (84.61%) malignant neoplasms and in 2 (9.52%) benign neoplasms. Cytokeratin 19 positivity was seen in 26 (100%) malignant neoplasms and in 7 (33.33%) benign neoplasms. Loss of CD56 expression was observed in 24 (92.3%) malignant neoplasms and in 4 (19.04%) benign neoplasms. Considering histopathology as the gold standard, the sensitivity for detecting malignancy for the 3 markers, galectin-3, CK19 and CD56 was 84.62%, 100%, 92.3% and specificity was 90.48%, 66.67%, 80.95%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of galectin-3, CK19 and CD56 was 92.3%, 80.95%, 87.23%, respectively. Diagnostic Odd’s ratio for Galectin-3 was 2.3% in the present study. Conclusion: Galectin-3 was found to be a reliable marker for thyroid papillary carcinoma and for differentiating malignancy. The panel consisting of galectin-3 and CD56, is valuable and complementary when used in two marker combination. CK19 was found to be the least specific diagnostic marker of thyroid malignancy.
Virulence Spectrum among Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii Isolates from Multi-Geographical Locations of India
Authors: Kumar Parvesh , Mehra Rakesh , Kumari Poonam , Sarita . , Sharma Lochan , Yadav Pankaj
Published: January 2023

Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii (RSS) is a highly devastating soil-borne fungal pathogen inciting banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) disease in maize. In India, annually one percent of the total maize yield is reduced by BLSB. Due to continuous occurrence and wide spread of disease, the present experiment was conducted to assess the pathogenic variability among different isolates obtained from multi-geographical locations of India. Pathogenic behaviour of each isolates was predicted through the comparable study of their incubation period, average disease score and disease intensity on the three maize hybrids (Normal maize- HM 8, QPM maize- QPM 9 and sweet corn- HSC I). The incubation period of all the R. solani isolates ranged from 3 to 7 days with average disease score ranged from 2.1 to 7.1depending upon the host and isolate interaction after artificial inoculation. Disease intensity of all the RSS isolates on maize hybrids varied from 8.1 to 52.1% while isolates RSS 29 (New Delhi) and RSS 1 (Karnal) were found highly virulent, in comparison to other forty nine RSS isolates. As these isolates were highly virulent on maize hybrids with average disease score ranged from 6.2 to 7.1, whereas the isolates RS 30 (Dholi) and RS 31 (Dhaula Kuan) were recorded as least virulent, showed resistant disease reaction with average disease score ranged from 1.5 to 2.4.
A Deep Learning Approach to Classify the Potato Leaf Disease
Authors: Islam Md. Ashraful , Sikder Md. Hanif
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper aims to classify potato disease using convolutional neural network in different epochs to observe the best performance of the model. The best model will help the farmers to make different decisions to prevent the loss of potato production.

Methodology: The paper implements a deep learning approach, the convolutional neural network, to explore potato disease classification. To accomplish the research objective, we collected 10000 images of potato leaves from different sources like google and raw data from potato fields. We collected a dataset of 2152 images from Kaggle and the other 7848 images from the above sources. The dataset belongs to a few classes. The classes are Potato Early Blight, Potato Late Blight, and Potato healthy leaf. The paper includes four main steps: data acquisition, data pre-processing, data augmentation, and image classification to find the output.

Findings: This study found that the model performed better when we applied 40 epochs for the 10000 images dataset & we achieved 100% accuracy as we applied a total of 3 different epochs and achieved an accuracy of 99.97% and 99.98% for 30 and 50 epochs, respectively.

Research Limitations: The study significantly contributed to the agriculture sector and farmers by providing suggestions to classify the Potato leaf Disease with the best output.

Besides, researchers need more raw data to build the model for better output, and they also should be concerned regarding the system when working with large volumes of data as it takes longer to run the code. Originality/Value: This research paper contained high volume of the dataset, which is 10000 images of potato leaves. We collected a dataset of 2152 images from Kaggle and the rest, 7848 images from different sources like google, and raw data from potato filed. We showed different epochs to check the best performance and achieved 100% accuracy when 40 epochs were applied.
Association Between Billing Patient Portal Messages as e-Visits and Patient Messaging Volume
Authors: Holmgren A. Jay , Byron Maria E. , Grouse Carrie K. , Adler-Milstein Julia
Published: January 2023

This study evaluates the adoption of clinician billing for patient portal messages as e-visits, prompted by significant increases in patient messaging after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Should the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response Lead the National Response to a Public Health Emergency?
Authors: Adashi Eli Y. , O’Mahony Daniel P. , Cohen I. Glenn
Published: January 2023

This Viewpoint examines the future role of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Use of Cannabis and Other Pain Treatments Among Adults With Chronic Pain in US States With Medical Cannabis Programs
Authors: Bicket Mark C. , Stone Elizabeth M. , McGinty Emma E.
Published: January 2023

This cross-sectional study uses a survey to estimate use of cannabis and other pain treatments among adults with chronic pain in areas with medical cannabis programs in 36 US states and Washington, DC.
LINC00173 facilitates tumor progression by stimulating RAB1B‐mediated PA2G4 and SDF4 secretion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: He Shi‐Wei , Liang Ye‐Lin , Zhang Yuan , Liu Xu , Gong Sha , Ye Ming‐Liang , Huang Sheng‐Yan , Tan Xi‐Rong , Zhou Shi‐Qing , Zhao Yin , Liu Na , Li Ying‐Qing
Published: January 2023

An increasing number of studies have found that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) play important roles in driving the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Our microarray screening revealed that expression of the lncRNA long intergenic non‐protein coding RNA 173 (LINC00173) was upregulated in NPC. However, its role and mechanism in NPC have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that high LINC00173 expression indicated a poor prognosis in NPC patients. Knockdown of LINC00173 significantly inhibited NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, LINC00173 interacted and colocalized with Ras‐related protein Rab‐1B (RAB1B) in the cytoplasm, but the modulation of LINC00173 expression did not affect the expression of RAB1B at either the mRNA or protein levels. Instead, relying on the stimulation of RAB1B, LINC00173 could facilitate the extracellular secretion of proliferation‐associated 2G4 (PA2G4) and stromal cell‐derived factor 4 (SDF4; also known as 45‐kDa calcium‐binding protein) proteins, and knockdown of these proteins could reverse the NPC aggressive phenotype induced by LINC00173 overexpression. Moreover, in vivo LINC00173‐knockdown models exhibited a marked slowdown in tumor growth and a significant reduction in lymph node and lung metastases. In summary, LINC00173 serves as a crucial driver for NPC progression, and the LINC00173–RAB1B–PA2G4/SDF4 axis might provide a potential therapeutic target for NPC patients.
Land‐use intensity impacts habitat selection of ground‐nesting farmland birds in The Netherlands
Authors: Li Yuhong , Piersma Theunis , Hooijmeijer Jos C. E. W. , Howison Ruth A.
Published: January 2023

Agricultural intensification has modified grassland habitats, causing serious declines in farmland biodiversity including breeding birds. Until now, it has been difficult to objectively evaluate the link between agricultural land‐use intensity and range requirements of wild populations at the landscape scale.

In this study of Black‐tailed Godwits Limosa limosa, we examined habitat selection and home range size during the breeding phase in relation to land‐use intensity, at the scale of the entire Netherlands. From 2013 to 2019, 57 breeding godwits were tracked with solar‐Platform Transmitter Terminals (26–216 locations [mean: 80] per bird per breeding phase) and used to estimate their core (50%) and home ranges (90%). Of these, 37 individuals were instrumented in Iberia and therefore unbiased toward eventual breeding locations. The tracks were used to analyse habitat selection by comparing the mean, median and standard deviation of land‐use intensity of core and home ranges with matching iterated random samples of increasing radii, that is, 500 m (local), 5 km (neighbourhood), 50 km (region) and the whole of The Netherlands.

Land‐use intensities of the core and home ranges selected by godwits were similar to those at the local and neighbourhood scales but were significantly lower and less variable than those of the region and the entire country. Thus, at the landscape scale, godwits were selected for low‐intensity agricultural land.

The core range size of godwits increased with increasing land‐use intensity, indicating high agricultural land‐use intensity necessitating godwits to use larger areas.

This is consistent with the idea that habitat quality declines with increasing land‐use intensity. This study is novel as it examines nationwide habitat selection and space use of a farmland bird subspecies tracked independently of breeding locations. Dutch breeding godwits selected areas with lower land‐use intensity than what was generally available. The majority of the Dutch agricultural grassland (94%) is managed at high land‐use intensity, which heavily restricts the viability of breeding possibilities for ground‐nesting birds. The remote sensing methodology described here illustrates the potential to study entire wild populations from the local field level to their whole spatial range.
Subclinical Systemic Sclerosis Primary Heart Involvement by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Shows No Significant Interval Change
Authors: Dumitru Raluca B. , Bissell Lesley‐Anne , Erhayiem Bara , Fent Graham , Kidambi Ananth , Abignano Giuseppina , Greenwood John P. , Biglands John , Del Galdo Francesco , Plein Sven , Buch Maya H.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Subclinical systemic sclerosis (SSc) primary heart involvement is commonly described. Whether these findings progress over time is not clear. The study aimed to investigate cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) interval change of subclinical SSc primary heart involvement.

Methods

Patients with SSc with no cardiovascular disease underwent two CMR scans that included T1 mapping and quantitative stress perfusion. The CMR change (mean difference) and association between CMR measures and clinical phenotype were assessed. The study had a prospective design.

Results

Thirty‐one patients with SSc participated, with a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 33 (17‐37) months (10 [32%] in the diffuse subset, 16 [52%] with interstitial lung disease [ILD], and 11 [29%] who were Scl‐70+). Four of thirty‐one patients had focal late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) at visit 1; one of four had an increase in LGE scar mass between visits. Two patients showed new focal LGE at visit 2. No change in other CMR indices was noted. The three patients with SSc with increased or new LGE at visit 2 had diffuse cutaneous SSc with ILD, and two were Scl‐70+. A reduction in forced vital capacity and total lung capacity was associated with a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (ρ = 0.413, P = 0.021; ρ = 0.335, P = 0.07) and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) (ρ = 0.543, P = 0.007; ρ = 0.627, P = 0.002). An increase in the N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide level was associated with a reduction in MPR (ρ = −0.448, P = 0.042). Patients on disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) had an increase in native T1 (mean [SD] 1208 [65] vs. 1265 [56] milliseconds, P = 0.008). No other clinically meaningful CMR change in patients receiving DMARDs or vasodilators was noted.

Conclusion

Serial CMR detects interval subclinical SSc primary heart involvement progression; however, this study suggests abnormalities remain largely stable with follow‐up.
Selective Inhibition of the MK2 Pathway: Data From a Phase IIa Randomized Clinical Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gordon David , Kivitz Alan , Singhal Atul , Burt David , Bangs Madison C. , Huff Emma E. , Hope Heidi Rath , Monahan Joseph B.
Published: January 2023

Objective

The study objective was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of ATI‐450 with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

A parallel‐assignment, placebo‐controlled, investigator‐blinded/patient‐blinded multicenter study evaluated patients with moderate‐to‐severe RA aged 18 to 70 years. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to ATI‐450 50‐mg oral tablets twice daily or placebo with a stable weekly dose of methotrexate for 12 weeks. The primary objective was to assess ATI‐450 safety and tolerability. The secondary objectives were to assess the median percentage change from baseline high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels, the mean change from baseline in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on CRP level (DAS28‐CRP) and Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score hand‐wrist assessments of synovitis or bone erosion at week 12, and the proportion of patients with American College of Rheumatology 20/50/70 (ACR 20/50/70) and with DAS28‐CRP scores of less than 2.6. The exploratory outcomes were change from baseline in endogenous and ex vivo–stimulated cytokine levels.

Results

ATI‐450 was well tolerated with no severe adverse events reported. ATI‐450 reduced median hs‐CRP levels by 42% or more at all posttreatment timepoints. In the ATI‐450 group, a mean (median) decrease in DAS28‐CRP score of 2.0 (2.1) was observed at week 12; proportions of patients with an ACR 20/50/70 response in the per‐protocol population were 60%, 33%, and 20%, respectively, at week 12. Endogenous plasma levels of key inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, interleukin 6, interleukin 8) were reduced across the 12 treatment weeks.

Conclusion

This is the first clinical study demonstrating that selective mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)–activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway blockade leads to a sustained antiinflammatory effect. This suggests that targeting the MK2 pathway mitigates the tachyphylaxis observed with p38 MAPK inhibitors in RA and supports further exploration.
More on the funding additions for SUD treatment and prevention
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

The “omnibus” spending bill, passed by Congress and signed by President Biden last month (see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33651), has too many important additions for substance use disorder (SUD) prevention and treatment to occupy even a few issues, so we will be shedding more light on what the law contains in coming weeks. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) will be undergoing bigger changes than it has in more than two decades.
Study finds consistent increase in cannabis edible exposures in children
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

A study published in Pediatrics last week found an alarming increase in exposures to cannabis edibles by children under six years old. Using a retrospective analysis of the National Poison Data System, the researchers found there were 207 cases in 2017 and 3,054 cases in 2021. The vast majority occurred in a home. In 70% of the cases, there was central nervous system depression, a serious condition in which a person's breathing and heart can stop, and death can ensue. In 22.7% of the cases, the children were admitted to the hospital. In 8.1% of the cases, the patients were admitted to critical care units. There has been a consistent increase in pediatric edible cannabis exposures over the past five years, with the potential for significant toxicity, warned researchers from the Department of Emergency Medicine at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. They added that it is important for providers to be aware of this in their practice as it presents an important opportunity for education and prevention. Cannabis edibles look like candy or cookies or cakes, and it's easy to see how young children could find them appealing.
Revealing Intrinsic Relations Between Cu Scales and Radical/Nonradical Oxidations to Regulate Nucleophilic/Electrophilic Catalysis
Authors: Wan Zhonghao , Cao Yang , Xu Zibo , Duan Xiaoguang , Xu Shuguang , Hou Deyi , Wang Shaobin , Tsang Daniel C.W.
Published: January 2023

Copper/carbon catalysts under different electron‐transfer regimes can evolve both radical and nonradical pathways in peroxide activation. However, the underlying trigger to manipulate the transition in between is unclear. Herein, it is revealed that Cu species in a state of sub‐nanometre particles (SNPs, < 1 nm) exhibits an electrophilic nature, which is opposite to its nucleophilic nature at a larger scale (nanoclusters, > 1 nm). This switch between nucleophile/electrophile nature leads to distinct catalytic mechanisms in activating peroxymonosulfate, i.e., nonradical 1O2 surface‐bound upon Cu SNPs and unleashed radical •OH induced by Cu nanoclusters. The vacancy defects of biomass‐derived carbon can stabilize Cu SNPs via a CuVC configuration, circumventing the contemporary difficulties in coordinating/preserving MetalNC bonding. Depth profiling, chemical probes, and charge density difference modeling support the regulable electroactive nature over modulated Cu scales. This featured system is applied for tetracycline degradation, and Cu SNPs demonstrates the highest efficacy with their better peroxymonosulfate confinement in nonradical regime (88.9% removal, nucleophilic activation). Comparatively, severe Cu leaching caused by radical erosion (44.8% removal, electron‐donation) is undesirable. Overall, a regulable heterogeneous catalysis is unraveled over carbon‐supported Cu sites through scaling modulation and defect engineering. This study illuminates a promising path for customizing biomass‐derived Cu‐based catalysts to achieve versatile catalysis.
A Stable Polymer‐based Solid‐State Lithium Metal Battery and its Interfacial Characteristics Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lu Xinzhen , Cheng Yifeng , Li Menghao , Zou Yucheng , Zhen Cheng , Wu Duojie , Wei Xianbin , Li Xiangyan , Yang Xuming , Gu Meng
Published: January 2023

Solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage systems due to their intrinsic safety and high energy density. However, they still suffer from poor interfacial stability, which can incur high interfacial resistance and insufficient cycle lifespan. Herein, a novel poly(vinylidene fluoride‑hexafuoropropylene)‐based polymer electrolyte (PPE) with LiBF4 and propylene carbonate plasticizer is developed, which has a high room‐temperature ionic conductivity up to 1.15 × 10−3 S cm−1 and excellent interfacial stability. Benefitting from the stable interphase, the PPE‐based symmetric cell can operate for over 1000 h. By virtue of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo‐TEM) characterization, the high interfacial compatibility between Li metal anode and PPE is revealed. The solid electrolyte interphase is made up of an amorphous outer layer that can keep intimate contact with PPE and an inner Li2O‐dominated layer that can protect Li from continuous side reactions during battery cycling. A LiF‐rich transition layer is also discovered in the region of PPE close to Li metal anode. The feasibility of investigating interphases in polymer‐based solid‐state batteries via Cryo‐TEM techniques is demonstrated, which can be widely employed in future to rationalize the correlation between solid‐state electrolytes and battery performance from ultrafine interfacial structures.
Single‐Component Photochromic Smart Semiconductor with Photoswitchable Fast Bidirectional Electron Transfer
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Qing , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Guo Guo‐Cong
Published: January 2023

Introduction of photochromic properties into semiconductors confers semiconductors with smart behaviors, color‐related applications, and new modulation approaches. Photochromophores with electron‐transfer (redox) behavior, such as viologen and naphthalene diimide, are ideal functional motifs to design photochromic semiconductors owing to good adaptability to the solid matrix, but their reverse reactions are exclusively realized by the thermal mode, which is slow (in dozens of seconds or longer) and thus significantly hinders real applications in the fields that require high‐speed switching. This study reveals that photoexcitation in the electronic absorption band of the π‐aggregate of viologen cation radicals can successfully trigger reverse electron transfer quickly (in 1 s with a continuous‐wave 808 nm laser at a power density of 5 W cm−2; the photothermal effect is excluded), and the first single‐component all‐optically photochromic semiconductor is accordingly discovered. This discovery breaks through a traditional concept that reverse reactions of viologen compounds can not be triggered by the light, and provides a potential approach to realize all‐optical switch of single‐component photochromic smart semiconductors based on electron‐transfer photochromic functional motifs.
Hierarchical Architectural Structures Induce High Performance in n‐Type GeTe‐Based Thermoelectrics
Authors: Wang De‐Zhuang , Liu Wei‐Di , Li Meng , Zheng Kun , Hu Hanwen , Yin Liang‐Cao , Wang Yifeng , Zhu He , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Yang Xiaoning , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: January 2023

Compatible p‐ and n‐type materials are necessary for high‐performance GeTe thermoelectric modules, where the n‐type counterparts are in urgent need. Here, it is reported that the p‐type GeTe can be tuned into n‐type by decreasing the formation energy of Te vacancies via AgBiTe2 alloying. AgBiTe2 alloying induces Ag2Te precipitates and tunes the carrier concentration close to the optimal level, leading to a high‐power factor of 6.2 µW cm−1 K−2 at 423 K. Particularly, the observed hierarchical architectural structures, including phase boundaries, nano‐precipitates, and point defects, contribute an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.39 W m−1 K−1 at 423 K. Correspondingly, an increased ZT of 0.5 at 423 K is observed in n‐type (GeTe)0.45(AgBiTe2)0.55. Furthermore, a single‐leg module demonstrates a maximum η of 6.6% at the temperature range from 300 to 500 K. This study indicates that AgBiTe2 alloying can successfully turn GeTe into n‐type with simultaneously optimized thermoelectric performance.
Electrochemical Replication and Transfer for Low‐Cost, Sub‐100 nm Patterning of Materials on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Chen Zijian , Lu Xi , Wang Huixin , Chang Jian , Wang Dongrui , Wang Wenshuo , Ng Sze‐Wing , Rong Mingming , Li Peng , Huang Qiyao , Gan Zhuofei , Zhong Jianwen , Li Wen‐Di , Zheng Zijian
Published: January 2023

The fabrication of high‐resolution patterns on flexible substrates is an essential step in the development of flexible electronics. However, the patterning process on flexible substrates often requires expensive equipment and tedious lithographic processing. Here, a bottom‐up patterning technique, termed electrochemical replication and transfer (ERT) is reported, which fabricates multiscale patterns of a wide variety of materials by selective electrodeposition of target materials on a predefined template, and subsequent transfer of the electrodeposited materials to a flexible substrate, while leaving the undamaged template for reuse for over 100 times. The additive and parallel patterning attribute of ERT allows the fabrication of multiscale patterns with resolutions spanning from sub‐100 nm to many centimeters simultaneously, which overcomes the trade‐off between resolution and throughput of conventional patterning techniques. ERT is suitable for fabricating a wide variety of materials including metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, and polymers into arbitrary shapes on flexible substrates at a very low cost.
S‐Species‐Evoked High‐Valence Ni2+δ of the Evolved β‐Ni(OH)2 Electrode for Selective Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Liu Chaofan , Shi Xue‐Rong , Yue Kaihang , Wang Peijie , Zhan Ke , Wang Xianying , Xia Bao Yu , Yan Ya
Published: January 2023

An efficient NiSx‐modified β‐Ni(OH)2 electrode is reported for the selective oxidation reaction of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMFOR) with excellent electrocatalytic 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) selectivity (99.4%), conversion (97.7%), and Faradaic efficiency (98.3%). The decoration of NiSx will evoke high‐valence Ni2+δ species in the reconstructed β‐Ni(OH)2 electrode, which are the real active species for HMFOR. The generated NiSx/Ni(OH)O modulates the proton‐coupled electron‐transfer (PCET) process of HMFOR, where the electrocatalytically generated Ni(OH)O can effectively trap the protons from the CHO end in HMF to realize electron transfer. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) competes with the HMFOR when NiSx/Ni(OH)O continues to accumulate, to generate the NiSx/NiOx(OH)y intermediate. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results verify that the adsorption energy of HMF can be optimized through the increased NiSx composition for more efficient capture of protons and electrons in the HMFOR.
Carboxylic‐Free Synthesis of InP Quantum Dots for Highly Efficient and Bright Electroluminescent Device
Authors: Long Rui , Chen Xueping , Zhang Xuhui , Chen Fei , Wu Zhenghui , Shen Huaibin , Du Zuliang
Published: January 2023

In the synthesis of InP‐based quantum dots (QDs), the environmentally friendly carboxylic‐free phosphor precursor tris(dimethylamino)phosphine ((DMA)3P) has been frequently used to replace tris (trimethylsilyl)phosphine (TMS)3P, in order to prevent the InP cores from oxidation and avoid the dangerous etching with hydrofluoric acid. However, the InP‐based QDs synthesized with (DMA)3P still perform poorly in quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) due to oxidation by other carboxylic sources. In this work, based on the synthesis with (DMA)3P, ZnCl2 precursor instead of zinc carboxylate is used for shell growing, and oleylamine is used as solvent instead of oleic acid, so that there is no oxidizing agent such as carboxylic groups during the whole synthesis process. As a result, highly efficient InP/ZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs with gradient varying shells are obtained, whose full width at half‐maximum (≈41 nm) and photoluminescence quantum yield (≈96%) are narrowest and highest among the reported ones, respectively. The QLEDs based on InP QDs synthesized with (DMA)3P achieve breakthrough efficiency of 12.39%. Especially, high efficiency and high brightness are achieved at the same time. This work opens a new avenue in the synthesis of high‐quality and environmental friendly InP‐based QDs.
Neuropsychological and mental health concerns in a multicenter clinical sample of youth with turner syndrome
Authors: Kremen Jessica , Davis Shanlee M. , Nahata Leena , Kapa Hillary M. , Dattilo Taylor M. , Liu Enju , Hutaff‐Lee Christa , Tishelman Amy C. , Crerand Canice E.
Published: January 2023

Clinical practice guidelines for individuals with Turner syndrome (TS) recommend screening for neuropsychological concerns (NC) and mental health concerns (MHC). However, current provider screening and referral patterns for NC and MHC are not well characterized. Additionally, prevalence of and risk factors for NC and MHC vary across studies. This multicenter chart review study examined the prevalence, risk factors for, and management of NC and MHC in a cohort of 631 patients with TS from three pediatric academic medical centers. NC and/or MHC were documented for 48.2% of patients. Neuropsychological evaluation recommendations were documented for 33.9% of patients; 65.4% of the sample subsequently completed these evaluations. Mental health care recommendations were documented in 35.0% of records; subsequent documentation indicated that 69.7% of these patients received such services. Most notably, rates of documented MHC, NC, and related referrals differed significantly by site, suggesting the need for standardized screening and referral practices. TS diagnosis in early childhood was associated with an increased risk of NC. Spontaneous menarche was associated with increased risk of MHC. Younger age at growth hormone initiation was associated with both increased risk of isolated NC and co‐occurring NC and MHC. Mosaic karyotype was associated with decreased risk of NC and MHC.
Next generation phenotyping with quantitative narration for DEGCAGS syndrome
Authors: Freeman Rebecca , Noronha Adriana , Woods Jeremy
Published: January 2023

The diagnosis of rare Mendelian disorders usually relies upon the interpretation of prose and is complicated by a lack of objective, reproducible phenotypic data. To address this limitation, we developed a next generation phenotyping workflow to phenotypically characterize developmental delay with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and skeletal abnormalities (DEGCAGS). We identified 15 people affected with DEGCAGS, including one novel patient identified at our hospital and 14 patients previously reported in the literature. Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms were extracted from the patient chart and literature review. The HPO terms were sorted by count according to HPO hierarchy of terms. Phenotypes that cosegregate were identified utilizing a co‐occurrence matrix. A quantitative narrative illustrated by violin plots was created for our patient from phenotypic data per each day of hospital admission. A total of 252 unique HPO terms were extracted from the patient record and literature review. The highest count of systemically sorted and unsorted terms and the most commonly co‐occurring terms were described. A violin plot of phenotype occurrences demonstrated a progression of phenotypes over time. NGP offers a quantitative approach to phenotyping to generate phenotypic data in an objective and reproducible manner akin to NGS.
More on Why You Should Consider Serving as a FINRA Arbitrator
Authors: McArthur John Burritt
Published: January 2023

Last month, author John Burritt McArthur presented the first three points on a list of 10 reasons why FINRA arbitrations offer a great experience for new and veteran neutrals alike. In Part 1—Ten Reasons for Serving as a FINRA Arbitrator, 40 Alternatives 171 (December 2022) (available at bit.ly/3iFB8zs)—he dispelled myths and stereotypes in reviewing why arbitrating FINRA cases is a good thing to do, how FINRA arbitration opens a pathway into the arbitrator profession, and how it can lead to early chair experience. This month, he discusses seven other benefits of serving as a FINRA arbitrator.
Small Dense Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Balling Mie , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Varbo Anette , Langsted Anne , Kamstrup Pia R. , Afzal Shoaib
Published: January 2023

Objective

For decades, it has been suggested that small dense low‐density lipoprotein (sdLDL) may be particularly atherogenic. High levels of sdLDL are associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease; however, the association of sdLDL with ischemic stroke has not been explored in a large prospective study on the general population. We tested the hypothesis that high sdLDL cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke.

Methods

This prospective study included 38,319 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study with fresh sample measurements of sdLDL cholesterol. Median follow‐up time was 3.1 years. We observed 302 and 74 ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes from baseline in 2013 to 2017 to the end of follow‐up in 2018. For comparison, we included estimates for large buoyant LDL cholesterol and total LDL cholesterol.

Results

Higher levels of sdLDL cholesterol were log‐linearly associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. Compared with individuals with sdLDL cholesterol in the lowest tertile (≤0.60 mmol/l; ≤23 mg/dl) the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for ischemic stroke was 1.79 (95% confidence interval = 1.31–2.43) for the highest tertile (≥0.86 mmol/l; ≥33 mg/dl). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for ischemic stroke per 1 mmol/l (38.7 mg/dl) higher levels were 1.69 (1.28–2.22) for sdLDL cholesterol, 0.95 (0.78–1.16) for large buoyant LDL cholesterol, and 1.08 (0.93–1.25) for total LDL cholesterol. Hazard ratios were similar when further adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and diabetes mellitus in the biological pathway in combination with related lipids and lipoproteins.

Interpretation

Higher sdLDL cholesterol levels were robustly associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:952–964
Nickel‐doped Co3O4 electrocatalyst derived from bimetal zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for the oxygen evolution reaction of electrolysis
Authors: Li Xiaoxi , Li Jiajia , Kurbanjan Dilnur , Yu Tianhao , Du Hong
Published: January 2023

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as a multi‐step coupled anode reaction, is more sluggish in kinetics than electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In order to overcome the potential barrier in OER, it is necessary to develop high‐efficient non‐noble metal catalysts for energy utilization. In this work, several NiCo‐ZIF materials with different molar ratios of Ni and Co were prepared by doping Ni2+ in the preparation of ZIF‐67 via a simple room temperature stirring method. After that, NiCo‐ZIF was calcined at 350°C in a muffle furnace to obtain corresponding Ni‐doped Co3O4 (Ni‐Co3O4). Ni‐Co3O4 catalyst exhibits a low overpotential (η ≈ 203 mV @10 mA cm−2), a small Tafel slope (111.0 mV dec−1) and prominent stability for OER in 1 M KOH solution, which is higher than for a commercially available Ir/C electrocatalyst (η ≈ 350 mV @10 mA cm−2). The higher electrochemical performance should be largely ascribed to the introduction of oxygen vacancies resulting from the Ni doping, which leads to the improved electrochemical active surface area (122.81 mF cm−2) and the topological structure of the dodecahedron, which is in favor of the good contact area between the catalyst and the electrolyte. The design and synthesis of ZIF‐derived catalyst in this work create a significative method to prepare efficient OER electrocatalysts.
Roles of mineral matter in biomass processing to biofuels
Authors: Fitria  , Liu Jian , Yang Bin
Published: January 2023

Minerals in biomass have a significant impact on both biofuel quality and yield. This is especially true for current thermochemical biomass conversion processes. However, the roles of plant minerals in biochemical conversion have not been studied extensively, even though they are generally considered to lower the sugar yield because they reduce the feedstock proportion of carbohydrates. A successful strategic solution is thus necessary to overcome the challenges caused by the minerals in biomass, which include (1) decreased quality of biomass feedstocks; (2) reduction of process efficiency; and (3) reduction of the product quality and quantity from biomass conversion. This review summarizes the roles of plant minerals in a biorefinery, focusing on these key challenges. The discussion covers many issues related to plant minerals in biofuel production, including their sources, functions, and distribution in plant biomass, methods of characterizing them, their influence in a biorefinery, and the strategic handling required to manage their occurrence in biomass, based on reported studies. It could inspire better strategies to deal with the variance of mineral content in biomass feedstocks to increase process efficiency and reduce costs while supporting the concept of a circular bioeconomy. © 2023 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effects of foreign mand training on the emergence of foreign tact and listener responses for Chinese‐speaking children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , Lee Gabrielle T. , Pan Qichao , Gilic Lina , Zeng Songtian
Published: January 2023

In China, there is an increasing demand for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) enrolled in general education to learn English vocabulary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of foreign mand training in English on the acquisition of mand responses, and the emergence of tact and listener responses for three Chinese‐speaking preschool children (boys; 4–5 years of age) with ASD. Echoic‐to‐mand training was implemented to teach mands in English. The study employed a concurrent multiple‐probe design across behaviors. The results of the study indicated that the training was effective in the acquisition of mand responses. Moreover, untaught tacts and listener responses for the same vocabulary emerged without explicit training. Implications for small‐group mand training in foreign language acquisition were discussed.
A light in the dark: How children make sense of COVID‐19
Authors: Libenstein Jamie , Larivière‐Bastien Danaë , Dupont Dominique , Aubuchon Olivier , Herba Catherine M. , Beauchamp Miriam H.
Published: January 2023

Understanding the negative impact of the pandemic on children and adolescents is essential in order to provide proper support and intervention. Nonetheless, surmounting adversity, such as COVID‐19, may also provide positive lessons for youth to overcome the negative consequences of the pandemic and prepare society for future crises. The objective of the current qualitative study was to document the perceived positive aspects identified by children and adolescents during COVID‐19 and how they made sense of their experience. Participants (N = 67, 5–14 years old) were recruited in May and June 2020. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted via a videoconferencing platform. Based on the transcribed and coded interviews, a thematic qualitative analysis was derived utilizing NVivo. Participants' answers were grouped into four main themes and sub‐themes: (1) school changes, (2) bonding time, (3) free time, and (4) technology usage. Analysing youth perspectives on their experience of the COVID‐19 pandemic provides insight into some of the positive changes and lessons that can be gained amidst the overwhelming negative consequences of the pandemic.