bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Model of Implant‐Associated Infection in the Tibial Metaphysis of Rats
Authors: Haenle Maximilian , Zietz Carmen , Lindner Tobias , Arndt Kathleen , Vetter Anika , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Podbielski Andreas , Bader Rainer
Published: December 2013

Objective. Implant‐associated infections remain serious complications in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. A main scientific focus has thus been drawn to the development of anti‐infective implant coatings. Animal models of implant‐associated infections are considered helpful in the in vivo testing of new anti‐infective implant coatings. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a novel animal model for generation of implant‐associated infections in the tibial metaphysis of rats. Materials and Methods. A custom‐made conical implant made of Ti6Al4V was inserted bilaterally at the medial proximal tibia of 26 female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Staphylococcus aureus in amounts spanning four orders of magnitude and each suspended in 15 μl phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was inoculated into the inner cavity of the implant after the implantation into the defined position. Controls were treated accordingly with PBS alone. Animals were then followed for six weeks until sacrifice. Implant‐associated infection was evaluated by microbiological investigation using swabs and determination of viable bacteria in the bone around the implant and the biofilm on the implants after sonification. Results. Irrespective of the initial inoculum, all animals in the various groups harbored viable bacteria in the intraoperative swabs as well as the sonication fluid of the implant and the bone samples. No correlation could be established between initially inoculated CFU and population sizes on implant surfaces at sacrifice. However, a significantly higher viable count was observed from peri‐implant bone samples for animals inoculated with 106 CFU. Macroscopic signs of animal infection (pus and abscess formation) were only observed for implants inoculated with at least 105 CFU S. aureus. Discussion/Conclusion. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this novel animal model to induce an implant‐associated infection in the metaphysis of rats, even with comparatively low bacterial inocula. The specific design of the implant allows an application of bacteria in reproducible numbers at well‐defined contact sites to the animal bone.
A Point Source Identification Problem for a Time Fractional Diffusion Equation
Authors: Yang Xiao-Mei , Deng Zhi-Liang
Published: December 2013

An inverse source identification problem for a time fractional diffusion equation is discussed. The unknown heat source is supposed to be space dependent only. Based on the use of Green’s function, an effective numerical algorithm is developed to recover both the intensities and locations of unknown point sources from final measurements. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method is efficient and accurate.
Lisbon Urban Heat Island Updated: New Highlights about the Relationships between Thermal Patterns and Wind Regimes
Authors: Lopes António , Alves Elis , Alcoforado Maria João , Machete Raquel
Published: December 2013

Urban growth implies significant modifications in the urban climate. To understand the influence of the city of Lisbon on the urban boundary layer, a mesoscale meteorological network was installed in 2004. The main goals of the present study are to update the results of the research published in 2007 and to bring more precise information about the relationship between the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and the regional and local wind systems. The highest frequencies of the UHI were found in the city centre (Restauradores). In the green park of Monsanto, the highest frequency occurred between −2 and 0°C. During the summer, the effect of the breezes was observed in Belém, lowering the temperature. The “strong” UHI (intensity >4°C) occurred more often during the summer, with median values of 2°C by night and 1.8°C by day. The highest frequencies of UHI occurred for winds between 2 and 6 m/s and were not associated with atmospheric calm, as pointed out in the literature. Winds above 8 m/s inhibit the occurrence of strong UHI in Lisbon. Summer nighttime strong UHI should be further investigated, due to the heat stress consequences on the population and probable increase of energy consumption.
Field Measurement of PV Array Temperature for Tracking and Concentrating 1 k WpGenerators Installed in Malaysia
Authors: Ya’acob M. Effendy , Hizam H. , Radzi M. Amran M. , Kadir M. Z. A. A.
Published: December 2013

The effect of temperature elements for PV array with tracking and concentrating features installed in the tropical ground condition is presented. The temperature segment covers ambient temperature and surface and bottom temperature for three types of PV generator systems, namely, Fixed Flat (FF), Tracking Flat (TF), and Concentrating PV (CPV) generators. The location of measuring the cell temperature,Tcfor the PV module is still being debated by researchers with the issue of how much the cell temperature (Tc) is being affected by the surface temperature (Ts), bottom temperature (Tb), and surrounding temperature (Ta) furthermore when it is located in fluctuating weather conditions. In this study,ΔTis calculated based on the difference between surface temperature and bottom-side temperaturewhichever the highest recorded at site for different kinds of PV generator systems but using the same CEEG 95 W monocrystalline PV module. The study embraces the direct correlation of various temperature elements in tropical-based condition withΔTvalues of 2.19°C for FF module, 2.22°C for TF module, and 2.72°C for CPV module. These values which reflect the different unique configurations are further analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test forTarraymodels. This study supports the continuous research in adapting PV technology for Malaysia.
The Enigmatic Cytokine Oncostatin M and Roles in Disease
Authors: Richards Carl D.
Published: December 2013

Oncostatin M is a secreted cytokine involved in homeostasis and in diseases involving chronic inflammation. It is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines that have pleiotropic functions in differentiation, cell proliferation, and hematopoetic, immunologic, and inflammatory networks. However, Oncostatin M also has activities novel to mediators of this cytokine family and others and may have fundamental roles in mechanisms of inflammation in pathology. Studies have explored Oncostatin M functions in cancer, bone metabolism, liver regeneration, and conditions with chronic inflammation including rheumatoid arthritis, lung and skin inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. This paper will review Oncostatin M biology in a historical fashion and focus on its unique activities,in vitroandin vivo, that differentiate it from other cytokines and inspire further study or consideration in therapeutic approaches.
Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Pancreas Mimicking Submucosal Gastric Tumor: A Case Report of a Rare Tumor
Authors: Fujiogi Michimasa , Kobayashi Takashi , Yasuno Masamichi , Tanaka Michio
Published: December 2013

Anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas (ACP) is a rare neoplasm of the pancreas. ACPs are aggressive neoplasms with a poorer prognosis than poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas. The 3-year survival rate of patients with ACP is less than 3%, with a life expectancy of 10 to 20 months. We describe here a 64-year-old man with ACP mimicking a submucosal gastric tumor. The patient was found to have a giant mass mimicking a submucosal tumor. Total gastrectomy with splenectomy and partial resection of the tail of the pancreas were performed. The pathological diagnosis was ACP, with immunohistological findings showing pleomorphic-type ACP. Because the surgery was noncurative, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel but died of peritoneal dissemination and multiple liver metastases 4 months after surgery.
Experimental Study of Thermal Performance of One-Ended Evacuated Tubes for Producing Hot Air
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Kumar Sanjeev , Nagar Utkarsh , Yadav Avadhesh
Published: December 2013

The thermal performance of an evacuated tube solar air collector is experimentally investigated at different air flow rates. Air is used as a working fluid in experimental setup and tested in Indian climatic conditions. The evacuated tube solar air collector consists of fifteen evacuated tubes and manifold channel. The manifold channel consists of a hollow pipe (square pipe) in centre through which air flows. The temperature difference and efficiency are studied with different air flow rates. The reflectors are used to enhance the performance of evacuated tubes solar air collector. It is observed that in case of reflector evacuated tube solar air collector gives higher outlet temperature and temperature difference and has better thermal performance as compared to the case without reflector. The maximum outlet temperature and temperature difference of air are found to be 97.4°C and 74.4°C at a flow rate of 6.70 kg/hr.
Electroacupuncture Improves Bladder and Bowel Function in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Results from a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Liu Zhishun , Wang Weiming , Wu Jiani , Zhou Kehua , Liu Baoyan
Published: December 2013

In order to explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) for chronic bowel and bladder dysfunction after traumatic spinal cord injury, 14 patients were treated with electroacupuncture once a day, five times a week for the first four weeks, and once every other day, three times a week for the following four weeks. The patients were then followed up for six months. After treatment, four (4/14, 28.57%) patients resumed normal voiding; six (6/14, 42.86%) resumed normal voiding for no less than half of all micturition behaviors; four (4/14, 28.57%) required supplementary urination methods for higher than half of all micturition behaviors. These effects persisted during followup. Mean postvoid RUV decreased by190.29±101.87 mL (P<0.01) after treatment and by198.86±112.18 mL (P<0.01) during followup. Patients’ weekly urinary incontinence frequency decreased7.14±46.34times/week (P=0.036) after treatment and decreased49.86±44.38times/week during followup. After treatment, four (4/14, 28.57%) patients resumed normal bowel movements (P=0.025); five (5/14, 35.71%) reduced the dependence on supplementary defecation methods; five (5/14, 35.71%) had no changes. In patients with chronic bowel and bladder dysfunction after traumatic SCI, EA may provide a valuable alternative tool in improving patients’ self-controlled bowel and bladder functions with minimal side effects.
Sequential Generalized Transforms on Function Space
Authors: Choi Jae Gil , Chung Hyun Soo , Chang Seung Jun
Published: December 2013

We define two sequential transforms on a function spaceCa,b[0,T]induced by generalized Brownian motion process. We then establish the existence of the sequential transforms for functionals in a Banach algebra of functionals onCa,b[0,T]. We also establish that any one of these transforms acts like an inverse transform of the other transform. Finally, we give some remarks about certain relations between our sequential transforms and other well-known transforms onCa,b[0,T].
Burn-In Aging Behavior and Analytical Modeling of Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Semiconductor Lasers: Is the Swift Burn-In Feasible for Long-Term Reliability Assurance?
Authors: Huang Jia-Sheng
Published: December 2013

Effective and economical burn-in screening is important for technology development and manufacture of semiconductor lasers. We study the burn-in degradation behavior of wavelength-division multiplexing semiconductor lasers to determine the feasibility of short burn-in. The burn-in is characterized by the sublinear model and correlated with long-term reliability.
On the Role of Auditory Feedback in Robot-Assisted Movement Training after Stroke: Review of the Literature
Authors: Rosati Giulio , Rodà Antonio , Avanzini Federico , Masiero Stefano
Published: December 2013

The goal of this paper is to address a topic that is rarely investigated in the literature of technology-assisted motor rehabilitation, that is, the integration of auditory feedback in the rehabilitation device. After a brief introduction on rehabilitation robotics, the main concepts of auditory feedback are presented, together with relevant approaches, techniques, and technologies available in this domain. Current uses of auditory feedback in the context of technology-assisted rehabilitation are then reviewed. In particular, a comparative quantitative analysis over a large corpus of the recent literature suggests that the potential of auditory feedback in rehabilitation systems is currently and largely underexploited. Finally, several scenarios are proposed in which the use of auditory feedback may contribute to overcome some of the main limitations of current rehabilitation systems, in terms of user engagement, development of acute-phase and home rehabilitation devices, learning of more complex motor tasks, and improving activities of daily living.
Existence Results for Differential Inclusions with Nonlinear Growth Conditions in Banach Spaces
Authors: Bounkhel Messaoud
Published: December 2013

In the Banach space setting, the existence of viable solutions for differential inclusions with nonlinear growth; that is, a.e. on I, x(t) ∈ S, ∀t ∈ I, x(0) = x0 ∈ S, (*), where S is a closed subset in a Banach space 𝕏, I = [0, T], (T > 0), F : I × S → 𝕏, is an upper semicontinuous set‐valued mapping with convex values satisfying F(t, x) ⊂ c(t)(∥x∥ + ∥x∥p)𝒦, ∀(t, x) ∈ I × S, where p ∈ ℝ, with p ≠ 1, and c ∈ C([0, T], ℝ+). The existence of solutions for nonconvex sweeping processes with perturbations with nonlinear growth is also proved in separable Hilbert spaces.
Fabrication of Metal Alloy‐Deposited Flexible MWCNT Buckypaper for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Liu Jih-Hsin , Miao Hsin-Yuan , Lakshmanan Saravanan , Wang Li-Chih , Tsai Ren-Hui
Published: December 2013

We report the fabrication of a flexible network of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) known as buckypaper (BP) for thermoelectric (TE) applications. A thermal evaporation method was used to deposit TE metal alloys onto the BP. The TE properties were improved primarily by increasing the Seebeck coefficient values (50 and 75 μV/K) and the electrical conductivity by approximately 10 000 S/m. High‐temperature resistivity studies were performed to confirm the semiconductivity of buckypaper. Variations in resistivity were observed to be the result of the metal alloys coated on the BP surface. We also demonstrated that a substantial increase in the Seebeck coefficient values can be obtained by connecting 3 and 5 layers of metal‐deposited BP in series, thereby enhancing the TE efficiency of MWCNT‐based BP for application in thermoelectric devices.
Morphogenetic Mechanisms in the Cyclic Regeneration of Hair Follicles and Deer Antlers from Stem Cells
Authors: Li Chunyi , Pearson Allan , McMahon Chris
Published: December 2013

We have made comparisons between hair follicles (HFs) and antler units (AUs)—two seemingly unrelated mammalian organs. HFs are tiny and concealed within skin, whereas AUs are gigantic and grown externally for visual display. However, these two organs share some striking similarities. Both consist of permanent and cyclic/temporary components and undergo stem-cell-based organogenesis and cyclic regeneration. Stem cells of both organs reside in the permanent part and the growth centres are located in the temporary part of each respective organ. Organogenesis and regeneration of both organs depend on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Establishment of these interactions requires stem cells and reactive/niche cells (dermal papilla cells for HFs and epidermal cells for AUs) to be juxtaposed, which is achieved through destruction of the cyclic part to bring the reactive cells into close proximity to the respective stem cell niche. Developments of HFs and AUs are regulated by similar endocrine (particularly testosterone) and paracrine (particularly IGF1) factors. Interestingly, these two organs come to interplay during antlerogenesis. In conclusion, we believe that investigators from the fields of both HF and AU biology could greatly benefit from a comprehensive comparison between these two organs.
Environmental Risk Assessment System for Phosphogypsum Tailing Dams
Authors: Sun Xin , Ning Ping , Tang Xiaolong , Yi Honghong , Li Kai , Zhou Lianbi , Xu Xianmang
Published: December 2013

This paper may be of particular interest to the readers as it provides a new environmental risk assessment system for phosphogypsum tailing dams. In this paper, we studied the phosphogypsum tailing dams which include characteristics of the pollution source, environmental risk characteristics and evaluation requirements to identify the applicable environmental risk assessment methods. Two analytical methods, that is, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy logic, were used to handle the complexity of the environmental and nonquantitative data. Using our assessment method, different risk factors can be ranked according to their contributions to the environmental risk, thereby allowing the calculation of their relative priorities during decision making. Thus, environmental decision‐makers can use this approach to develop alternative management strategies for proposed, ongoing, and completed PG tailing dams.
Development of a Multitype Wireless Sensor Network for the Large-Scale Structure of the National Stadium in China
Authors: Shen Yanbin , Yang Pengcheng , Zhang Pengfei , Luo Yaozhi , Mei Yujia , Cheng Huaqiang , Jin Li , Liang Chenyu , Wang Qiaqin , Zhong Zhouneng
Published: December 2013

A multitype wireless sensor network (WSN) for structural health monitoring is developed for the National Stadium in China (generally known as “Bird's Nest”). The stadium is a super large-scale building built for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and can house more than 90,000 occupants. The structure is very rigid and weighs more than 40,000 tons in total. Considering the structural features and on-site environment, the system takes multitype sensors as measurement components including stress, displacement, acceleration, wind, and temperature. The monitoring module design consists of four functions: sensing, processing, wireless communication, and energy management. The communication between each sensor node is realized by using an adjustable and artificial-control chain-type network. A total of 290 sensors were installed on the structure, and the data collection work has been carried out for more than one year. This paper mainly focuses on the system development and project application, while the data analysis work is briefly discussed as well. It can be concluded that the customized WSN is robust and durable, which well satisfies the requirement of plenty multitype sensors working in a large-area distribution. The data analysis results reveal that the super large-scale structure is very sensitive to the temperature effect.
A Bijection for Tricellular Maps
Authors: Han Hillary S. W. , Reidys Christian M.
Published: December 2013

We give a bijective proof for a relation between unicellular, bicellular, and tricellular maps. These maps represent cell complexes of orientable surfaces having one, two, or three boundary components. The relation can formally be obtained using matrix theory (Dyson, 1949) employing the Schwinger-Dyson equation (Schwinger, 1951). In this paper we present a bijective proof of the corresponding coefficient equation. Our result is a bijection that transforms a unicellular map of genus
g into unicellular, bicellular or tricellular maps of strictly lower genera. The bijection employs edge cutting, edge contraction, and edge deletion.
What We Have Learned about Autism Spectrum Disorder from Valproic Acid
Authors: Chomiak Taylor , Turner Nathanael , Hu Bin
Published: December 2013

Two recent epidemiological investigations in children exposed to valproic acid (VPA) treatmentin uterohave reported a significant risk associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in particular. Parallel to this work, there is a growing body of animal research literature using VPA as an animal model of ASD. In this focused review we first summarize the epidemiological evidence linking VPA to ASD and then comment on two important neurobiological findings linking VPA to ASD clinicopathology, namely, accelerated or early brain overgrowth and hyperexcitable networks. Improving our understanding of how the drug VPA can alter early development of neurological systems will ultimately improve our understanding of ASD.
The Application of Fiber-Reinforced Materials in Disc Repair
Authors: Pei Bao-Qing , Li Hui , Zhu Gang , Li De-Yu , Fan Yu-Bo , Wu Shu-Qin
Published: December 2013

The intervertebral disc degeneration and injury are the most common spinal diseases with tremendous financial and social implications. Regenerative therapies for disc repair are promising treatments. Fiber-reinforced materials (FRMs) are a kind of composites by embedding the fibers into the matrix materials. FRMs can maintain the original properties of the matrix and enhance the mechanical properties. By now, there are still some problems for disc repair such as the unsatisfied static strength and dynamic properties for disc implants. The application of FRMs may resolve these problems to some extent. In this review, six parts such as background of FRMs in tissue repair, the comparison of mechanical properties between natural disc and some typical FRMs, the repair standard and FRMs applications in disc repair, and the possible research directions for FRMs' in the future are stated.
Regioselective Thiocyanation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds Using [2-(Sulfooxy)ethyl]sulfamic Acid as an Efficient, Recyclable Organocatalyst and Novel Difunctional Brønsted Acid
Authors: Sajjadifar Sami , Karimian Saaid , Noorizadeh Hadi , Veisi Hojat
Published: December 2013

A green and simple procedure for the thiocyanation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds is described. [2-(Sulfooxy)ethyl]sulfamic acid (SESA) (supported on silica) is easily produced by addition of chlorosulfonic acid to 2-aminoethanol and this catalyst is applied as an efficient, reusable, and heterogeneous catalyst for the thiocyanation of heterocycles, substituted anilines (electron-rich and electron-deficient), and N,N-disubstituted aromatic amines using hydrogen peroxide in the water : ethanol as a solvent at room temperature. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for five reaction cycles without considerable loss of activity.
Effect of Milk Fat Substitution of Rennet Milk Induced Coagulation on Physico‐Chemical Properties
Authors: Felfoul Imène , Bornaz Salwa , Belhadj Hmida Wiem , Sahli Ali , Attia Hamadi
Published: December 2013

The objective of this paper was to study the effect of milk fat substitution by (W1/O/W2) multiple emulsions based on olive oil in comparison with full and low‐fat milks on milk behavior during rennet coagulation. Therefore, based on the turbidimetric and conductivimetric methods, a follow up of enzymatic coagulation is realized. Drainage of renneted gels was followed by syneresis study and cheese yield. The comparison between the coagulation aptitude of low fat milk and milk‐olive oil emulsion showed that the hydrolysis phase extended up to 35 minutes for full fat milk and up to 38 minutes for milk‐olive oil emulsion. The transition phase solid/gel was shorter in the case of the whole milk. The reticulation phase was shorter in the case of milk‐olive oil emulsion. The milk conductivity depended on the milk richness in fat content. Milk‐olive oil emulsion showed the lowest cheese‐making yield compared to its full and low‐fat counterpart.
Winter Latitudinal Population Age-Structure of a Migratory Seagull (Larus fuscus) Differs between Its Two Major Migratory Flyways
Authors: Marques Paulo A. M. , Jorge Paulo E.
Published: December 2013

The migration is energy-demanding and is expected to greatly affect the distribution of individuals over the species range and condition the choice of migratory routes. We investigated the wintering distributions and migratory flyways use of geographically contiguous populations of Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) and difference in population winter age structure between migratory flyways. Recoveries of metal ringed pulli from Denmark, Sweden, and Finland were used. The results showed that contiguous populations can have distinct wintering distribution patterns and migratory flyways. More importantly, we found that depending on the place of origin, the population winter distribution may or may not show a latitudinal cline in the age structure. The population migrating via the eastern Atlantic flyway (western flyway) showed a winter age-related latitudinal cline, with adults staying at more northern latitudes than immatures. In contrast, no such pattern was found in the population migrating along the Mediterranean/Black sea flyway (eastern flyway). Interestingly, immatures within the eastern population showed a more dispersed pattern of migratory bearings. Overall, our results enhance the importance of the migration flyway in shaping the age structure of populations in the winter quarters and how it may influence the effect of other factors like sexual maturation.
A Healthcare Edition of Sporting Equipment for Middle-Aged and Elderly
Authors: Wang Ching-Sung , Lin Tsung-Ching , Wang Teng-Hui , Lee Da-Lin
Published: December 2013

The aging phenomenon results in body organ system debilitating, which causes the balance weakening and makes a fall, fracture rate, and further medical cost to increase. The lack of exercise has been linked to increasing the incidence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, degenerative arthritis, and diabetes. Chronic disease affects patients both in psychological and physiological functions which limit their daily activity. In the past, many researches pointed out that these patients can improve their balance sensation by exercise. Because of the above reasons, this research implementation forms a wireless platform of information connection system and medical data analysis. First of all, the target population in the society focuses on those elderly with the common chronic diseases, such as skeletal muscle diseases and degenerative arthritis. Using the hydraulic resist practicing equipment as the mainstay intervention can help examinee collecting the practice value and further analysis. The platform of information accords not only the data prior and after the exercise but also graphic data presentation and analysis from the medical staff members providing services in the society. It can also provide the medical unit to create data mold and a body health counselor when services in the society.
Approximate Preservers on Banach Algebras andC*-Algebras
Authors: Burgos M. , Márquez-García A. C. , Morales-Campoy A.
Published: December 2013

The aim of the present paper is to give approximate versions of Hua’s theorem and other related results for Banach algebras andC*-algebras. We also study linear maps approximately preserving the conorm between unitalC*-algebras.
Enhanced Intensity Dependence as a Marker of Low Serotonergic Neurotransmission in High Optimistic College Students
Authors: Zhang Jibiao , Wu Daxing , Yao Shuqiao , Xu Yunxuan , Lu Xuejing
Published: December 2013

Positive psychology focuses were on the merits of individuals, such as optimism and positive attitude, and the subsequent cultivation of these virtues. Optimism or pessimism is a significant predictor of physical health outcomes. The present study examined whether optimism or pessimism is associated with the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), a biological indicator of serotonergic neurotransmission, for the N1, P2, and N1/P2 peaks in college students. The amplitudes and amplitude-stimulus intensity function (ASF) slopes of the N1, P2, and N1/P2 peaks were determined in the 24 (10 males) high optimistic and 24 (14 males) high pessimistic individuals. Significantly higher P2 ASF slopes were found in the optimistic group relative to the pessimistic group. Concerning peaks and ASF slopes of N1 and N1/P2, no significant differences were observed. Our results suggest that the serotonergic neurotransmission of the high optimistic college students was inferior to that of the pessimistic ones. Further investigations are needed to provide sufficient support for our results.
Atmospheric Water Monitoring by Using Ground-Based GPS during Heavy Rains Produced by TPV and SWV
Authors: Li Guoping , Deng Jia
Published: December 2013

The time series of precipitable water (PW) in 30 min intervals has been determined through experimentation and operational application of a ground-based global positioning system (GPS) network in Chengdu Plain, which is used for precise and reliable meteorological research. This study is the first to apply PW to the southwest vortex (SWV) and heavy rain events by using the data from an intensive SWV experiment conducted in summer 2010. The PW derived from the local ground-based GPS network was used in the monitoring and analysis of heavy rain caused by the SWV and the Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV). Results indicate that an increase in GPS precipitable water (GPS-PW) occurs prior to the development of the TPV and SWV; rainfall occurs mainly during high levels of GPS-PW. The evolution features of GPS-PW in rainfall process caused by different weather systems over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) also differ. These results indicate the reference values for operational applications of GPS-PW data in short-term forecasting and nowcasting of high-impact weather in addition to further investigation of heavy rain caused by the TPV, SWV, and other severe weather systems over the TP.
The Role of the High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Stable Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
Authors: Hsieh Meng-Heng , Fang Yueh-Fu , Chen Guan-Yuan , Chung Fu-Tsai , Liu Yuan-Chang , Wu Cheng-Hsien , Chang Yu-Chen , Lin Horng-Chyuan
Published: December 2013

Study Objectives.The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and other clinical tools including high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with stable non-CF bronchiectasis.Design.A within-subject correlational study of a group of patients with stable non-CF bronchiectasis, who were recruited from our outpatient clinic, was done over a two-year period.Measurements.Sixty-nine stable non-CF bronchiectasis patients were evaluated in terms of hs-CRP, 6-minute walk test, pulmonary function tests, and HRCT.Results.Circulating hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with HRCT scores (n=69,r=0.473,P<0.001) and resting oxygenation saturation (r=-0.269,P=0.025). HRCT severity scores significantly increased in patients with hs-CRP level of 4.26 mg/L or higher (mean ± SD28.1±13.1) compared to those with hs-CRP level less than 4.26 mg/L (31.7±9.8,P=0.004). Oxygenation saturation at rest was lower in those with hs-CRP level of 4.26 mg/L or higher (93.5±4.4%) compared to those with hs-CRP level less than 4.26 mg/L (96.4±1.6%,P=0.001).Conclusion.There was a good correlation between serum hs-CRP and HRCT scores in the patients with stable non-CF bronchiectasis.
Marked Seizure Reduction after MCT Supplementation
Authors: Azzam Raed , Azar Nabil J.
Published: December 2013

We report the case of a 43-year-old man with history of nonsurgical partial epilepsy who previously failed multiple trials of antiepileptic drugs. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) were added to his regular diet in the form of pure oil. Subsequently, his seizure frequency was markedly reduced from multiple daily seizures to one seizure every four days. His seizures recurred after transient discontinuation of MCT over a period of ten days. His seizure improvement was achieved at a dose of four tablespoons of MCT twice daily with no reported side effects. He developed significant diarrhea and flatulence at higher doses. We conclude that MCT oil supplementation to regular diet may provide better seizure control in some patients. MCT oil supplementation may be a more tolerable alternative to the standard ketogenic diet.
Impulsive Vaccination SEIR Model with Nonlinear Incidence Rate and Time Delay
Authors: Li Dongmei , Gui Chunyu , Luo Xuefeng
Published: December 2013

This paper aims to discuss the delay epidemic model with vertical transmission, constant input, and nonlinear incidence. Some sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the existence and global attractiveness of the infection-free periodic solution and the uniform persistence of the addressed model with time delay. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Back to Basic: Do Children with Autism Spontaneously Look at Screen Displaying a Face or an Object?
Authors: Guimard-Brunault Marie , Hernandez Nadia , Roché Laetitia , Roux Sylvie , Barthélémy Catherine , Martineau Joëlle , Bonnet-Brilhault Frédérique
Published: December 2013

Eye-tracking studies on exploration of faces and objects in autism provided important knowledge but only in a constraint condition (chin rest, total time looking at screen not reported), without studying potential differences between subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and controls in spontaneous visual attention toward a screen presenting these stimuli. This study used eye tracking to compare spontaneous visual attention to a screen displaying a face or an object between children with autism and controls in a nonconstraint condition and to investigate the relationship with clinical characteristics in autism group. Time exploring screen was measured during passive viewing of static images of faces or objects. Autistic behaviors were assessed by the CARS and the BSE-R in autism group. In autism group, time exploring face screen and time exploring object screen were lower than in controls and were not correlated with degree of distractibility. There was no interaction between group and type of image on time spent exploring screen. Only time exploring face screen was correlated with autism severity and gaze impairment. Results highlight particularities of spontaneous visual attention toward a screen displaying faces or objects in autism, which should be taken into account in future eye-tracking studies on face exploration.
Raman Spectra of Nanodiamonds: New Treatment Procedure Directed for Improved Raman Signal Marker Detection
Authors: Nigmatullin Raoul R. , Baleanu Dumitru , Povarova Diana , Salah Numan , Habib Sami S. , Memic Adnan
Published: December 2013

Detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) have shown to be promising agents in several industries, ranging from electronic to biomedical applications. These NDs are characterized by small particle size ranging from 3 to 6 nm, while having a reactive surface and a stable inert core. Nanodiamonds can exhibit novel intrinsic properties such as fluorescence, high refractive index, and unique Raman signal making them very attractive imaging agents. In this work, we used several nanodiamond preparations for Raman spectroscopic studies. We exposed these nanodiamonds to increasing temperature treatments at constant heating rates (425–575°C) aiding graphite release. We wanted to correlate changes in the nanodiamond surface and properties with Raman signal which could be used as adetection marker. These observations would hold potential utility in biomedical imaging applications. First, the procedure of optimal linear smoothing was applied successfully to eliminate the high-frequency fluctuations and to extract the smoothed Raman spectra. After that we applied the secondary Fourier transform as the fitting function based on some significant set of frequencies. The remnant noise was described in terms of the beta-distribution function. We expect this data treatment to provide better results in biomolecule tracking using nanodiamond base Raman labeling.
Orexin A Affects INS-1 Rat Insulinoma Cell Proliferation via Orexin Receptor 1 and the AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Li , Zhao Yuyan , Zheng Delu , Ju Shujing , Shen Yang , Guo Lei
Published: December 2013

Our aim is to investigate the role of the AKT/PKB (protein kinase B) signaling pathway acting via orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) and the effects of orexin A (OXA) on cell proliferation in the insulin-secreting beta-cell line (INS-1 cells). Rat INS-1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of OXAin vitroand treated with OX1R antagonist (SB334867), PI3K antagonist (wortmannin), AKT antagonist (PF-04691502), or negative control. INS-1 amount of cell proliferation, viability and apoptosis, insulin secretion, OX1R protein expression, caspase-3 activity, and AKT protein levels were determined. We report that OXA (10-10to10-6 M) stimulates INS-1 cell proliferation and viability, reduces the proapoptotic activity of caspase-3 to protect against apoptotic cell death, and increases insulin secretion. Additionally, AKT phosphorylation was stimulated by OXA (10-10to10-6 M). However, the OX1R antagonist SB334867 (10-6 M), the PI3K antagonist wortmannin (10-8 M), the AKT antagonist PF-04691502 (10-6 M), or the combination of both abolished the effects of OXA to a certain extent. These results suggest that the upregulation of OXA-OX1R mediated by AKT activation may inhibit cell apoptosis and promote cell proliferation in INS-1 cells. This finding provides functional evidence of the biological actions of OXA in rat insulinoma cells.
Introducing WebSocket-Based Real-Time Monitoring System for Remote Intelligent Buildings
Authors: Ma Kun , Sun Runyuan
Published: December 2013

Today, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in electronic engineering are used in the monitoring of remote intelligent buildings, and the need for emerging Web 3.0 is becoming more and more in every aspect of electronic engineering. However, the key challenges of monitoring are the monitoring approaches and storage models of huge historical monitoring data. To address these limitations, we attempt to design a WebSocket-based real-time monitoring system for remote intelligent buildings. On one hand, we utilize the latest HTML5 WebSocket, Canvas and Chart technologies to monitor the sensor data collected in WSNs in the Web browser. The proposed monitoring system supports the latest HTML5 browsers and legacy browsers without native WebSocket capability transparently. On the other hand, we propose a storage model with lifecycle to optimize the NoSQL data warehouse. Finally, we have made the monitoring and storage experiments to illustrate the superiority of our approach. The monitoring experimental results show that the average latency time of our WebSocket monitoring is generally lower than polling, FlashSocket, and Socket solution, and the storage experimental results show that our storage model has low redundancy rate, storage space, and latency.
Ultrabroadband, Midinfrared Supercontinuum Generation in Dispersion Engineered As2Se3-Based Chalcogenide Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Cherif Rim , Zghal Mourad
Published: December 2013

Small core As2Se3-based photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are accurately characterized for compact, high power, ultrabroadband, and coherent supercontinuum generation within few millimeters fiber length. Bandwidths of~5.3 μm, 5 μm, and 3.2 μm were calculated for hole-to-hole spacingsΛ=3.5 μm, 4.5 μm, and 5.5 μm, respectively. The spectral broadening in the chalcogenide PCF is mainly caused by self-phase modulation and Raman-induced soliton self-frequency shift. The results show that small core As2Se3PCFs are a promising candidate for mid-IR SCG up to~8 μm.
Hot Topic Propagation Model and Opinion Leader Identifying Model in Microblog Network
Authors: Lin Yan , Li Huaxian , Liu Xueqiao , Fan Suohai
Published: December 2013

As the network technique is fast developing, the microblog has been a significant carrier representing the social public opinions. Therefore, it is important to investigate the propagation characteristics of the topics and to unearth the opinion leaders in Micro-blog network. The propagation status of the hot topics in the Micro-blog is influenced by the authority of the participating individuals. We build a time-varying model with the variational external field strength to simulate the topic propagation process. This model also fits for the multimodal events. The opinion leaders are important individuals who remarkably influence the topic discussions in its propagation process. They can help to guide the healthy development of public opinion. We build an AHP model based on the influence, the support, and the activity of a node, as well as a microblog-rank algorithm based on the weighted undirected network, to unearth and analyze the opinion leaders’ characteristics. The experiments in the data, collected from the Sina Micro-blog from October 2012 to November 2012 and from January 2013 to February 2013, show that our models predict the trend of hot topic efficiently and the opinion leaders we found are reasonable.
Joint Access Control and Subchannel Allocation Scheme for Femtocell-Based M2M Network Using a Truthful Mechanism
Authors: Li Chengmei , Wu Jianjun , Feng Ziqiang , Luan Xi , Xiang Haige
Published: December 2013

A joint access control and subchannel allocation (JACSA) scheme is proposed in this paper for femtocell-based machine-to-machine (M2M) network to provide better communication services. As short-range and cost-beneficial eNodeBs, femtocells can improve indoor coverage and data transmission, and can further be used for M2M communication. There are two challenges for femtocell network, access control and truth-telling. Femtocell machine-type communication devices (FMD) select femtocell access points (FAPs) according to the reported channel capacities, while the true values are private information of each femtocell. Therefore, selfish FAPs have incentive to report larger capacities to win greater opportunity to be selected. To solve the aforementioned two problems, a JACSA scheme based on the Arrow-d'Aspremont-Gerard-Varet (AGV) is proposed both in open access and hybrid access scenarios, and formula derivations are given. We prove that, compared with the optimal subchannel allocation (OSA) scheme, JACSA scheme has the feature of achieving near optimal performances with much lower computational complexity. Furthermore, we compare the allocation results for open access and hybrid access in the proposed JACSA scheme. Finally, simulations are performed, and the results verify the availability of our proposed scheme.
Sentinel Lymph Node Detection Using Laser-Assisted Indocyanine Green Dye Lymphangiography in Patients with Melanoma
Authors: Jain Vikalp , Phillips Brett T. , Conkling Nicole , Pameijer Colette
Published: December 2013

Introduction. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a vital component of staging and management of multiple cancers. The current gold standard utilizes technetium 99 (tech99) and a blue dye to detect regional nodes. While the success rate is typically over 90%, these two methods can be inconclusive or inconvenient for both patient and surgeon. We evaluated a new technique using laser-assisted ICG dye lymphangiography to identify SLN.Methods. In this retrospective analysis, we identified patients with melanoma who were candidates for SLN biopsy. In addition to tech99 and methylene blue, patients received a dermal injection of indocyanine green (ICG). The infrared signal was detected with the SPY machine (Novadaq), and nodes positive by any method were excised.Results. A total of 15 patients were evaluated, with 40 SLNs removed. Four patients were found to have nodal metastases on final pathology. 100% of these 4 nodes were identified by ICG, while only 75% (3/4) were positive for tech99 and/or methylene blue. Furthermore, none of the nodes missed by ICG (4/40) had malignant cells.Conclusion. ICG dye lymphangiography is a reasonable alternative for locating SLNs in patients with melanoma. Prospective studies are needed to better ascertain the full functionality of this technique.
The Influence of Contributory Factors on Driving Violations at Intersections: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Fu Chuanyun , Pei Yulong , Wu Yuqing , Qi Weiwei
Published: December 2013

Driving violation has been identified as one of the prominent contributing factors involved in crashes occurring at intersections. However, very little literature has studied the influence of contributory factors on driving violation. The goal of the present study was to analyze the effect of contributory factors on traffic sign and signals (TSS) violation, turning-yielding-signaling (TYS) violation, and speeding related (SR) violation at intersections, and the likelihood of each type of driving violation was predicted by using a multinomial logistic model. The findings of this study indicated that younger drivers (ages 15–24) had a propensity to commit SR violations, but older drivers (ages 65+) had the adverse situations. The likelihood of SR violations for males was higher than TYS violations, while contrary outcome was obtained during daylight. At traffic sign or signals controlled intersections, the odds of TSS violations and TYS violations were greater than SR violations, and similar outcomes were gained in four-way intersections or T-intersections. Drivers distracted cognitively were more likely to be in commission of TYS violations than SR violations, whereas it is opposite to passenger or in-vehicle related distractions. Inattention/distraction significantly affected the likelihood of each type of driving violation. Implications of the findings from current study are discussed.
Evaluation of Corneal Endothelium in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Urban Beata , Raczyńska Dorota , Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk Alina , Raczyńska Krystyna , Krętowska Małgorzata
Published: December 2013

Purpose. To evaluate the systemic and local factors that contribute to the damage of endothelial cells in diabetic patients and to compare the endothelial structure of the cornea in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.Materials and Methods. The endothelial cell density (ECD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were investigated in 123 eyes of type 1 diabetic patients and in 124 eyes of nondiabetic patients. The mean diabetic patients age was 15.34 ± 3.06 years versus 14.58 ± 2.01 years in the control group. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.02 ± 3.9 years. The corneal endothelium was imaged by the Topcon SP-2000P.Results. The mean ECD in diabetic eyes was 2435.55 ± 443.43 cells/mm2and was significantly lower than in control group (2970.75 ± 270.1 cells/mm2). The mean CCT was 0.55 ± 0.03 mm in diabetic group versus 0.53 ± 0.033 mm in control group. ECD and CCT significantly correlated only with duration of diabetes. There was no correlation between ECD and CCT and patient age, sex, HbA1C level, and plasma creatinine level.Conclusions. ECD is decreased and CCT is increased in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. Duration of diabetes is the factor that affects ECD and CCT.