bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic assessment of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐7 and early identification of acute heart failure
Authors: Kalayci Arzu , Peacock W. Frank , Nagurney John T. , Hollander Judd E. , Levy Phillip D. , Singer Adam J. , Shapiro Nathan I. , Cheng Richard K. , Cannon Chad M. , Blomkalns Andra L. , Walters Elizabeth L. , Christenson Robert H. , Chen‐Tournoux Annabel , Nowak Richard M. , Lurie Mark D. , Pang Peter S. , Kastner Peter , Masson Serge , Gibson C. Michael , Gaggin Hanna K. , Januzzi Jr James L.
Published: May 2020

Aims

Concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐7 (IGFBP7) have been linked to abnormal cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), but cardiovascular correlates of the biomarker in patients with more acute presentations are lacking.

We aimed to determine the relationship between IGFBP7 concentrations and cardiac structure and to evaluate the impact of IGFBP7 on the diagnosis of acute HF among patients with acute dyspnoea.

Methods and results

In this pre‐specified subgroup analysis of the International Collaborative of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type Natriuretic Peptide Re‐evaluation of Acute Diagnostic Cut‐Offs in the Emergency Department (ICON‐RELOADED) study, we included 271 patients with and without acute HF. All patients presented to an emergency department with acute dyspnoea, had blood samples for IGFBP7 measurement, and detailed echocardiographic evaluation.

Higher IGFBP7 concentrations were associated with numerous cardiac abnormalities, including increased left atrial volume index (LAVi; r = 0.49, P < 0.001), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (r = −0.27, P < 0.001), lower right ventricular fractional area change (r = −0.31, P < 0.001), and higher tissue Doppler E/e′ ratio (r = 0.44, P < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression analyses, increased LAVi (P = 0.01), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.008), higher body mass index (P = 0.001), diabetes (P = 0.009), and higher concentrations of amino‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP, P = 0.02) were independently associated with higher IGFBP7 concentrations regardless of other variables. Furthermore, IGFBP7 (odds ratio = 12.08, 95% confidence interval 2.42–60.15, P = 0.02) was found to be independently associated with the diagnosis of acute HF in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions

Among acute dyspnoeic patients with and without acute HF, increased IGFBP7 concentrations are associated with a range of cardiac structure and function abnormalities. Independent association with increased LAVi suggests elevated left ventricular filling pressure is an important trigger for IGFBP7 expression and release. IGFBP7 may enhance the diagnosis of acute HF.
Small Molecules Organic Co‐Assemblies as Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Sasselli Ivan R. , Syrgiannis Zois
Published: May 2020

Supramolecular co‐assemblies are an emerging class of materials that have evolved over the last 30 years. These materials demonstrate compelling structures and properties, so they became increasingly promising for different applications. Their dynamic character, the reversibility of the interactions, and the possibility of using a wide variety of building blocks attract the interest of the scientists. In this minireview, we highlight the different types of co‐assemblies between low molecular weight organic molecules, mentioning the progress in materials preparation and control, as well as some of the characterization techniques that are used for such materials. Our goal is to unify the classification of peptide and non‐peptide‐based co‐assemblies and to give some guidelines for their control in terms of stability and properties.
Monitoring events with application to syndromic surveillance using social media data
Authors: Sparks Ross , Joshi Aditya , Paris Cecile , Karimi Sarvnaz , MacIntyre C. Raina
Published: May 2020

Availability of time series data in different domains has resulted in approaches for outbreak detection. A popular alternative to detect outbreaks is to use daily counts of events. However, time between events (TBE) has proven to be a useful alternative, especially in the case of sudden, unexpected events. Past work that uses TBE for monitoring events assumes that the in‐control number of events is up to 10 per day. In this article, we derive robust monitoring plans that are scalable when the in‐control counts are higher than 10 per day but less than 100 per counting period (eg, day). TBE values are generally nonhomogeneous across days and within days. This makes the volume of data to train the technology a challenge, and this challenge increases the volume of data needed to design the charts. This article discusses these challenges and suggests solutions for data that are known to be Weibull‐distributed. We present our results in two parts. The first is a simulated dataset that controls parameters of the plan such as the daily counts of events. We then show how the monitoring plans can be applied to the detection of syndromes (ie, disease outbreaks) using social media
data.
Experimental study of the permeability of fractured sandstone under complex stress paths
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Lu , Li Hao , Zhang Yan , Fu Guangming
Published: May 2020

Oil and gas are main storage resources in the pores and fractures of rocks. Under a complex stress environment, the permeability evolution of the reservoir rock fracture directly affects the flow of oil and gas, which is important in oil and gas exploration and development. The permeability test of a single sample in complex stress paths was performed on intact sandstone, single‐fractured sandstone, and double‐fractured sandstone using high‐precision hydro‐mechanics‐coupled triaxial experimental equipment to study the permeability evolution of fractured sandstone. The experimental schemes of the permeability tests are as follows: (a) under increasing confining pressure; (b) under increasing liquid pressure; (c) under cyclic loading and unloading deviatoric stress; and (d) under increasing confining pressure and deviatoric stress synchronously. Results show that liquid flow on fractured sandstone can be regarded as laminar flow with low velocity. The permeability and stress sensitivity levels of the fractured sandstone are higher than those of the intact sandstone. The permeability decreases in a negative exponential manner when the confining pressure increases but increases in a positively exponential manner when the liquid pressure increases. The increase in the deviatoric stress decreases the permeability, whereas unloading increases the permeability. The entire evolution of permeability is irreversibly reduced. As the confining pressure and deviatoric stress increase synchronously, the permeability decreases, and the decrease rate tends to be stable. These results can provide an important basis for prediction of the permeability evolution of fractured sandstone and for efficient oil and gas exploitation.
POCIS Calibration for Organic Compound Sampling in Small Headwater Streams
Authors: Booij Kees , Chen Sunmao , Trask Jennifer R.
Published: May 2020

Field-based atrazine sampling rates (Rs) obtained by the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) method were measured in 9 headwater streams over 3 yr covering 5 to 6 exposure periods of 2 to 3 wk/site/yr. Rates were best in line with the model Rs = 148 mL/d, with a standard deviation of 0.17 log units (factor 1.5). The POCIS canisters reduced mass transfer coefficients of the water boundary layer by a factor of 2 as measured by alabaster dissolution rates. A mechanistic model that accounts for flow and temperature effects yielded a fair estimate of the effective exchange surface area (12.5 ± 0.8 cm2). This model could only be tested for higher flow velocities because of uncertainties associated with the measurement of flow velocities <1 cm/s. Pictures of sorbent distributions in POCIS devices showed that the effective exchange surface area varied with time during the exposures. Error analysis indicated that sorbent distributions and chemical analysis were minor error sources. Our main conclusion is that an atrazine sampling rate of 148 mL/d yielded consistent results for all 3 yr across 9 headwater streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1334–1342. © 2020 SETAC

Abstract

Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS)-based atrazine aqueous concentrations (Cw) were consistent with concentrations from daily composite water sampling in 9 headwater streams over 3 yr.
Effects of different thawing methods on flavor compounds and sensory characteristics of raspberry
Authors: Liu Lu , Lv Chunmao , Meng Xianjun , Xin Guang , Li Bin
Published: May 2020

In order to identify more suitable thawing method to preserve aroma, taste, and other sensory quality of raspberry, five thawing methods were used to treat frozen raspberry, namely water bath thawing, microwave thawing, ultrasonic thawing, room temperature thawing, and refrigeration thawing. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was employed to study the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the volatile compounds, and the characteristic flavor components of raspberry were compared by relative odor activity value (ROAV). Electronic tongue technique and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation were used to ensure the changes in sensory qualities of raspberry. The results showed that the time of microwave thawing was 0.57 minutes, and drip loss was 4.40%. Both of them were the lowest among the five thawing methods. The volatile components of raspberry included aldehydes, esters, ketones, alcohols, fatty acids, terpenes, and other compounds. Among them, there were 19 kinds of volatile components in quick‐frozen raspberries, 18 volatile components in raspberries after treated by microwave thawing and refrigeration thawing, 16 volatile components after room temperature thawing, 12 volatile components after ultrasonic thawing, and 10 volatile components after water bath thawing. The characteristic flavor compounds of raspberry were identified as acetaldehyde, alpha‐ionone, beta‐ionone, raspberry ketone, alpha‐terpene, and alpha‐pinene. Microwave thawing was the most suitable way to preserve the characteristic flavor components of raspberry, but water bath thawing could destroy the most of compounds. After microwave thawing, raspberry tasted best and was most acceptable to consumers. Therefore, microwave thawing was the most appropriate method to preserve raspberry flavor and sensory quality among the five thawing methods.
Significant association between host transcriptome‐derived HPV oncogene E6* influence score and carcinogenic pathways, tumor size, and survival in head and neck cancer
Authors: Qin Tingting , Koneva Lada A. , Liu Yidan , Zhang Yanxiao , Arthur Anna E. , Zarins Katie R. , Carey Thomas E , Chepeha Douglas , Wolf Gregory T. , Rozek Laura S. , Sartor Maureen A.
Published: May 2020

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes E6, E7, and shorter isoforms of E6 (E6*) are known carcinogenic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Little is known regarding E6* functions.

Methods

We analyzed RNA‐seq data from 68 HNSCC HPV type 16‐positive tumors to determine host genes and pathways associated with E6+E7 expression (E6E7) or the percent of full‐length E6 (E6%FL). Influence scores of E6E7 and E6%FL were used to test for associations with clinical variables.

Results

For E6E7, we recapitulated all major known affected pathways and revealed additional pathways. E6%FL was found to affect mitochondrial processes, and E6%FL influence score was significantly associated with overall survival and tumor size.

Conclusions

HPV E6E7 and E6* result in extensive, dose‐dependent compensatory effects and dysregulation of key cancer pathways. The switch from E6 to E6* promotes oxidative phosphorylation, larger tumor size, and worse prognosis, potentially serving as a prognostic factor for HPV‐positive HNSCC.
Parents’ concerns about Leavers celebrations: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lombardi Karen , Gregory Sonia , Johnston Robyn , Gilligan Conor , Beatty Shelley , Thomas Laura , Shaw Therese
Published: May 2020

Issue Addressed

“Schoolies’ or “Leavers’ is a mass celebration of the end of compulsory schooling where excessive drinking is considered integral to the experience. Leavers are at risk of alcohol‐related harms. This paper reports the concerns of parents for their Year 12 students (age 17 years) when attending Leavers celebrations.

Methods

Parents of Year 12 students (n = 87) were asked to complete a survey in relation to their eldest school‐aged child. Six items relating to parents’ level of “concern’ about Leavers celebrations were measured on a 5‐point scale.

Results

Parents were concerned about their child experiencing peer pressure to consume alcohol (60%), 30% were neutral or unconcerned about peer pressure. Almost two thirds of parents were concerned about their child being injured as a result of their own alcohol use (66.7%). Parental concern relating to their child being injured because of others’ alcohol use rated most highly (88.5%).

Conclusions

Findings suggested that parents were more concerned with harm caused to their child by others than the use of alcohol by their own child. Parents were somewhat less concerned with peer pressure to drink, though given peer influence is a major factor in young people's decisions regarding alcohol, parents' apparent confidence in their children's capacity to resist peer pressure may be inflated.

So What?

Future interventions reinforcing the important role that parents play in the decisions that young people make while at Leavers have the potential to reduce their alcohol intake and subsequent alcohol‐related harm.
Decision making for promising quinoline‐based anticancer agents through combined methodology
Authors: Özcan Evrencan , Ökten Salih , Eren Tamer
Published: May 2020

During the development of effective drugs for the treatment of cancer, one of the most important tasks is to identify effective drug candidates having maximum antiproliferation and minimum side effects. This paper considers the problem of selecting the most promising anticancer agents, showing inhibition at low IC50 concentration and low releasing lactate dehydrogenase percentage (cytotoxicity). Recently, we prepared quinoline analogs bearing different functional groups and determined their anticancer potential against the HeLa, C6, and HT29 cancer cell lines using different anticancer assays. Experimentally, seven quinoline derivatives consisting of different substituents were determined as promising anticancer agents. We propose a multicriteria recommendation method to identify the most promising anticancer agents against all tested cell lines with an accurate prediction algorithm according to the available input data. A multicriteria decision‐making methodology (MCDM) was used for the solution of the relevant problem in this study. Both the experimental results and MCDM method indicated that 5,7‐dibromo‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (2) and 6,8‐dibromo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (6) are the most promising anticancer agents against the HeLa, HT29, and C6 cell lines.
The association between anger experiences and expression and veteran suicidal thoughts in intimate couple relationships
Authors: Wilks Chelsey R. , Khalifian Chandra E. , Glynn Shirley M. , Morland Leslie A.
Published: May 2020

Objective

Anger has been identified as a risk factor for suicide in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), theoretically because it erodes social support networks. In romantic relationships, the transactional properties of anger on suicidal ideation (SI) have not been explored.

Methods

Veterans (n = 138) and their significant others (S‐Os; total N = 276) completed assessments on anger and SI as part of a baseline assessment in a treatment outcome study for veterans with PTSD and their S‐Os. Actor Partner Interdependence Moderation Model (APIMoM) with Multilevel Modeling (MLM) was conducted.

Results

Veteran and S‐Os verbal and anger expression were associated with veteran's SI, while S‐Os' physical anger expression was associated with veteran's SI. S‐Os' feeling angry was associated with veteran's SI. Veteran angry temperament was associated with veteran SI.

Discussion

Anger should be considered an assessment and treatment target in veterans with PTSD with SI and their S‐Os.
GYG1: A distal myopathy with polyglucosan bodies
Authors: Nicolau Stefan , Tracy Jennifer A. , Pisapia David J. , Tanji Kurenai , Milone Margherita
Published: May 2020

Mutations in glycogenin‐1 (GYG1) cause an adult‐onset polyglucosan body myopathy. We report here a patient presenting with late‐onset distal myopathy. We wish to highlight this rare clinical phenotype of GYG1‐related myopathy and the histological clues leading to its diagnosis.
Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID‐19 independent of age and co‐morbidity
Authors: Huang Jiaofeng , Cheng Aiguo , Kumar Rahul , Fang Yingying , Chen Gongping , Zhu Yueyong , Lin Su
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has evolved into a pandemic rapidly. Most of the literature show that the elevated liver enzymes in COVID‐19 are of little clinical significance. Lower albumin level is seen in severe COVID‐19 and is not parallel to the changes in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. We aimed to explore the impact of hypoalbuminemia in COVID‐19. This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with confirmed COVID‐19. The relationship between hypoalbuminemia and death was studied using binary logistic analysis. A total of 299 adult patients were included, 160 (53.5%) were males and the average age was 53.4 ± 16.7 years. The median time from the onset of illness to admission was 3 days (interquartile ranges, 2‐5). Approximately one‐third of the patients had comorbidities. Hypoalbuminemia (<35 g/L) was found in 106 (35.5%) patients. The difference in albumin was considerable between survivors and non‐survivors (37.6 ± 6.2 vs 30.5 ± 4.0, P < .001). Serum albumin level was inversely correlated to white blood cell (r = –.149, P = .01) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (r = −.298, P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed the presence of comorbidities (OR, 6.816; 95% CI, 1.361‐34.133), lymphopenia (OR, 13.130; 95% CI, 1.632‐105.658) and hypoalbuminemia (OR, 6.394; 95% CI, 1.315‐31.092) were independent predictive factors for mortality. In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia is associated with the outcome of COVID‐19. The potential therapeutic value of albumin infusion in COVID‐19 should be further explored at the earliest.
Varicella‐zoster virus infection in the pediatric population with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Poland
Authors: Zawitkowska Joanna , Lejman Monika , Szmydki‐Baran Anna , Zaucha‐Prażmo Agnieszka , Czyżewski Krzysztof , Dziedzic Magdalena , Zalas‐Więcek Patrycja , Gryniewicz–Kwiatkowska Olga , Czajńska‐Deptuła Aneta , Gietka Agnieszka , Semczuk Katarzyna , Hutnik Łukasz , Chełmecka‐Wiktorczyk Liliana , Żak Iwona , Frączkiewicz Jowita , Salamonowicz Małgorzata , Tomaszewska Renata , Zając‐Spychała Olga , Irga‐Jaworska Ninela , Bień Ewa , Płonowski Marcin , Bartnik Magdalena , Ociepa Tomasz , Pierlejewski Filip , Machnik Katarzyna , Gamrot‐Pyka Zuzanna , Badowska Wanda , Brzeski Tomasz , Urbanek‐Dądela Agnieszka , Stolpa Weronika , Mizia‐Malarz Agnieszka , Skowron‐Kandzia Katarzyna , Musiał Jakub , Styczyński Jan
Published: May 2020

Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infection in pediatric hemato‐oncology patients can be a therapeutic problem when children are exposed to immunosuppression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of VZV infection, antiviral therapy and outcome in children with ALL treated in polish hemato‐oncological centers between 2012 and 2019 years. This study included medical records of 1874 patients, aged 1 to 18 years, with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. During chemotherapy, 406 children out of 1874 (21.6%) experienced viral infections. The incidence of VZV infection in the whole group children with ALL was 1.8%. Among them, 34 (8.4%) patients were diagnosed with VZV infection. Thirty‐five episodes of viral infections were identified. The median time of VCV therapy was 12 days. Herpes zoster infection occurred in 24 (70.6%) children, and varicella in 10 (29.4%) ones. The average time from the start of chemotherapy to the appearance of herpes zoster was 7.26 ± 4.05 months. VZV infection occurred mainly during the maintenance therapy, the reinduction and induction phases. There was no correlation between steroid dosage or type and subsequent zoster. The total lymphocyte count of these patients on the first day of zoster was reduced. No serious complications were observed due to this infection. All patients survived. In conclusion, a low incidence of VZV infection was observed among pediatric patients with ALL in Poland. This analysis indicates that currently used therapeutic methods are effective in children with cancer and VZV infection. The main focus should be on the prevention of delayed chemotherapy.
Characterization of snowfall events in the northern Iberian Peninsula and the synoptic classification of heavy episodes (1988–2018)
Authors: de Pablo Dávila Fernando , Rivas Soriano Luís J. , Mora García Manuel , González‐Zamora Ángel
Published: May 2020

Historic snowfall events in the northern Iberian Peninsula recorded between 1988 and 2018 are presented and analysed. This study makes use of data collected over a course of 31 years from 105 observation stations. These weather reports describe the temporal and spatial characteristics of five Spanish provinces facing the Cantabrian Sea. The average number of snow events observed per year (as recorded by all 105 stations) was 133, where a maximum of 421 snow events was recorded in 2010 and a minimum of 24 events were recorded in 2002. In addition, the monthly distribution of snow events per day had a maximum of 630 events, (February), with a mean monthly value of 170 snow events. Other features like the distribution of snow events depending on the altitude of each province studied and the corresponding spatial patterns are also shown. Furthermore, the circulation patterns responsible for heavy snowfall in the region were also examined. To carry out this study, we considered the daily patterns at 1,200 UTC of the geopotential height at 500 and 850 hPa pressure levels and sea‐level pressure and temperature at 500 and 850 hPa, respectively. The synoptic situations were classified based on a principal component analysis coupled with a K‐means clustering, and four groups associated with heavy snowfall events were subsequently identified. The analysis of the daily synoptic patterns showed that a trough was present over the Iberian Peninsula, or close by, and a low appeared over the Mediterranean Sea or Central Europe. The low‐level flow was from the north (N) or northeast (NE) in ~85% of the cases and the temperature at 850 hPa pressure level was lower than −3°C in ~70% of the cases.
Moment arm function dictates patella sagittal height anatomy: Rabbit epiphysiodesis model alters limb length ratios and subsequent patellofemoral anatomical development
Authors: Dan Michael J. , Parr William C. H. , Crowley James D. , Oliver Rema A. , Kai Lun Kimberley , Lovric Vedran , Cross Mervyn , Broe David , Walsh William R.
Published: May 2020

Patellofemoral anatomical dysplasia is associated with patellofemoral instability and pain. The closure of the knee physis occurs at the same age as the peak incidence of patellofemoral dislocation. This study determined the effect on the patellofemoral anatomical development in a rabbit epiphysiodesis model. Twenty‐four skeletally immature New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups (a) distal femur epiphysiodesis (FE) (b) proximal tibia epiphysiodesis (TE) (c) control; no epiphysiodesis (C) performed at 6 weeks of age. The primary endpoint was shape analysis using three‐dimensional reconstructions of micro‐computed tomographys (CTs) performed at 30 weeks of age. The limb length ratios (femur:tibia) were significantly different for both FE (mean 0.72, SD 0.0381, P < .001) and TE (mean 0.91, SD 0.0383, P < .001) treatment groups compared to control (mean 0.81, SD 0.0073). Patella height, as measured from the most distal point of the patella to the tibial joint surface (modified Caton‐Deschamps measurement), was lower (baja) in the FE and higher (alta) for the TE, compared with the control group. Our findings suggest femoral and tibial shortening can influence the development of the patellofemoral joint, which may be dictated by moment arm function and is potentially responsible for the etiology of patella alta. Future studies are warranted to explore this association further with the view for the development of treatment options for patella alta in human patients.
Higher ROS scavenging ability and plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activity are associated with potassium retention in drought tolerant tea plants
Authors: Zhang Xianchen , Wu Honghong , Chen Jingguang , Chen Linmu , Chang Na , Ge Gaofei , Wan Xiaochun
Published: May 2020

Drought is one of the main limiting factors resulting in the reduction of yield and quality of tea production. Our previous studies indicated that K+ retention was a key factor associated with alleviating drought‐induced damage in tea plants. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, drought tolerant tea plant (variety Zhongcha108) exhibited higher plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase activity and lower negative membrane potential compared with the drought sensitive tea plant (variety Ruanzhiwulong). In addition to superior mesophyll K+ retention ability and higher PM H+‐ATPase activity, the drought tolerant tea plant exhibited lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the sensitive one. Moreover, exogenous supply of Na3VO4 (plasma membrane H+‐ATPase inhibitor) and H2O2 (mimicking apoplastic ROS) resulted in a significantly higher K+ efflux in the mesophyll of the drought sensitive tea plant than the non‐treated one. Taken together, the higher ROS scavenging ability and plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activity were major factors contributing to the higher K+ retention in drought tolerant tea plants.
Safety assays and nutritional values of mycoprotein produced by Fusarium venenatum IR372C from date waste as substrate
Authors: Hashempour‐Baltork Fataneh , Hosseini Seyede Marzieh , Assarehzadegan Mohammad‐Ali , Khosravi‐Darani Kianoush , Hosseini Hedayat
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Nutritional and environmental benefits of mycoprotein verify its beneficial role on the health of humankind in the next decades. Agro‐industrial wastes can be used as cheap substrates to decrease the total cost of product. However, fungi may produce toxins or lead to allergic reactions in consumers. Therefore, the study of the safety and nutritional aspects of this product are very important.

RESULTS

Fusarium venenatum IR372C was cultured on date wastes and ammonium salts in submerge fermentation. The safety and nutritional issues of produced mycoprotein were investigated including allergy tests and analyses of toxins, as well as existence of toxin genes, and content of heavy metals, metals, amino acids and fatty acids. The results showed that fumonisin genes in F. venenatum IR372C remain without any gene expression during 1 week fermentation. Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol cannot be detected in the fermentation medium after 3 weeks. Prick tests on 30 volunteers demonstrated no sensitivities to mycoprotein. The content of lead was 658 μg kg−1 as the highest heavy metal followed by arsenic, cadmium and mercury at 161, 30.57 and 0 μg kg−1, respectively. Produced mycoprotein includes essential amino acids at appropriate contents and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid was nearly 2:1. Also, calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc were found in mycoprotein, which could have health beneficial impacts on consumers.

CONCLUSION

This study has provided information on safety aspects of mycoprotein production by F. venentaum IR372C from date wastes. However, further studies with focus on long‐term clinical benefits of diets containing mycoprotein are necessary. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of caramel and molasses addition on acrylamide and 5‐hydroxylmethylfurfural formation and sensory characteristics of non‐centrifugal cane sugar during manufacturing
Authors: Sung Wen‐Chieh , Chi Ming‐Hsuan , Chiou Tai‐Ying , Lin Shyh‐Hsiang , Lee Wei‐Ju
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The aims of this study are to (i) evaluate the effects of color enhancers, caramel (C) and molasses (M), on acrylamide and 5‐hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF) formation in non‐centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) and to (ii) perform nine‐point hedonic scale and evaluation of sensory attributes, encompassing the appearance, flavor, texture and aftertaste, by 71 consumers on NCS, NCS_C, and NCS products made with a blend of molasses and sugar (NCS_MS) and steam processing (NCS_S).

RESULTS

With the addition of molasses and caramel at the maximum allowable level of 5 g kg−1 in sugarcane juice, significantly greater acrylamide or HMF did not accumulate in NCS_C and NCS_M during the thermal manufacturing process, while color values of NCS_C significantly changed (P < 0.05). The increases in acrylamide and HMF contents were influenced by pH because they were produced by the Maillard reaction. Hedonic responses showed that NCS_MS was rated with the highest score for overall acceptance, whereas NCS_S, with the lowest content of acrylamide, exhibited the lowest score for every attribute. In addition, the appearance acceptance score of NCS_C was significantly higher than that of NCS (P < 0.05). Significant differences were also found between NCS and NCS_C in the frequency of 9 of 16 items with which consumers selected to characterize the appearance in a check‐all‐that‐apply questionnaire (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The association between hedonic evaluations and sensory profiles in visual attributes of NCS_C indicated that caramel could be a promising addition in Maillard reaction‐mitigated NCS products to improve consumer preferences through color strengthening without safety concerns. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
BV‐packing integral in Rn
Authors: Kuncová Kristýna
Published: May 2020

We introduce new integrals (called packing and integrals) which combine advantages of integrals developed by Pfeffer [17], Malý [12], Kuncová and Malý [10] and Malý and Pfeffer [13]. We prove Gauss–Green theorem in generality of the new integrals and provide comparison with the integrals mentioned above and some others (like by Ball and Preiss [2]).
Privileged Scaffold Analysis of Natural Products with Deep Learning‐based Indication Prediction Model
Authors: Lai Junyong , Hu Jianxing , Wang Yanxing , Zhou Xin , Li Yibo , Zhang Liangren , Liu Zhenming
Published: May 2020

Natural products play a vital role in the drug discovery and development process as an important source of reliable and novel lead structures. But the existing criteria for drug leads were usually developed for synthetic compounds and cannot be directly applied to identify lead scaffolds from natural products. To solve this problem, we propose a method to predict indications and identify privileged scaffolds of natural products for drug design. A deep learning model was built to predict indications for natural products. Entropy‐based information metrics were used to identify the privileged scaffolds for each indication and a Privileged Scaffold Dataset (PSD) of natural products was constructed. The PSD could serve as a novel source of lead compounds and circumvent existing drug patents. This method could be generalized by replacing the training set, the prediction algorithm, and the compound set, to obtain more personalized‐PSDs.
A loaded technique for modeling oblique wire in finite‐difference time‐domain method
Authors: Sun Dongyang , Mao Congguang , Du Chuanbao , Bao Weimin , Li Xiaoping
Published: May 2020

When the thin wire whose orientation cannot be parallel to Cartesian axis is modeled by the finite‐difference time‐domain method, the staircasing introduce numerical errors and nonphysical phenomenon. In order to reduce the influence on the induced current, a loaded technique is proposed. The lumped elements are matched at the grid corner based on the contour‐path model. All the electromagnetic difference equations nearby the wire are modified. The accuracy of the proposed technique is demonstrated by the comparison with the method of moment.
L‐glutamine as a T2 exchange contrast agent
Authors: Joo Chan Gyu , Yang Seung‐Hyun , Choi Yuna , Son Hye‐Young , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Huh Yong‐Min
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The potential of L‐glutamine as a T2 exchange contrast agent in MRI was investigated.

Methods

The T2 relaxation rate of L‐glutamine solutions prepared in various concentrations was measured at 9.4 T. A series of T2‐weighted images in a mouse cancer model was acquired with an L‐glutamine solution infusion.

Results

The T2 relaxivity caused by the exchange (R2ex) at 37°C was 0.069 s−1 mM−1 and 0.102 s−1 mM−1 for glutamine and glutamate solutions at pH = 7.2, respectively. The R2ex of glutamine at pH = 6.1–6.7 was in the 0.097–0.1 s−1 mM−1 range. No significant dependence of T1 on the concentration of glutamine was observed. The dynamic measurement of T2‐weighted images in vivo showed that the glutamine uptake was primarily observed at the localized part of the tumor

Conclusion

L‐glutamine can be used as a T2 exchange contrast agent and images of glutamine uptake in vivo can be acquired.
Estimating the Number of Motor Neurons: First Go to the Roots Before Cropping the Fruits
Authors: Neuwirth Christoph , Weber Markus
Published: May 2020

See article on pages 192–200 in this issue.
Prevalence of Infection in Hatchery-Origin Chinook Salmon Correlates with Abundance of Ceratonova shasta Spores: Implications for Management and Disease Risk
Authors: Robinson H. Eve , Alexander Julie D. , Hallett Sascha L. , Som Nicholas A.
Published: May 2020

Ceratonova shasta is an endemic myxozoan parasite that impacts salmonid populations in the Klamath River (USA). High densities of C. shasta actinospores negatively affect the survival of migrating juvenile salmonids. Each year, approximately five million fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha smolts are released from a hatchery that is located below Iron Gate Dam, and they travel through an infectious zone where the densities of C. shasta spores are elevated and when disease risk is often highest. We examined several documented hypotheses regarding potential factors that contribute to the effects of C. shasta on salmonids in the Klamath River. Our results suggest that hatchery-origin smolts may exacerbate the effects of the disease, as evidenced by an associative relationship between the prevalence of infection in out-migrating hatchery fish with the densities of waterborne C. shasta spores in subsequent seasons (the following fall and spring). We found no evidence that the number of natural spawners, another potential contributor of spores, predicted peak spore density the following spring. Our findings warrant consideration in discussions of hatchery releases and management of flow regimes, and they identify avenues for future research to advance our understanding of how to reduce the adverse effects of C. shasta on salmonids in the Klamath River.
Personality Development from Age 12 to 25 and its Links with Life Transitions
Authors: Van Dijk Marloes P.A. , Hale William W. , Hawk Skyler T. , Meeus Wim , Branje Susan
Published: May 2020

During adolescence and young adulthood, individuals show personality changes and experience various life transitions. Whereas personality might affect the timing of life transitions, life transitions might also induce personality maturation. We examined Big Five personality maturation from age 12 to 25 using a 9–year longitudinal study of Dutch youths from two cohorts ( n 1 = 683, MageT1 = 12.70; n 2 = 268, Mage T1 = 16.87). We linked personality maturation to the incidence and timing of four transitions: first romantic relationship, leaving the parental home, first job, and first cohabitation or marriage. Results indicated increases in mean levels, rank–order stabilities and profile stability of personality between age 12 and 25, which were largely replicated across the cohorts. Very few associations between personality and life transitions existed. However, higher mean–level Extraversion predicted leaving the parental home and starting the first romantic relationship, an earlier age when starting the first job, and an earlier average timing of transitions. Regarding social investment effects, we only found that those who never experienced a romantic relationship at age 25 decreased, while those who did increased in profile stability over time. These results suggest that personality consistently matures during adolescence and young adulthood and that higher Extraversion predict greater readiness for new steps towards adulthood.
A novel immunocompetent model of metastatic prostate cancer‐induced bone pain
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Murphy Stephen F. , Huang Jian , Zhao Lan , Hall Christel C. , Schaeffer Anthony J. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Thumbikat Praveen
Published: May 2020

Background

Over 70% to 85% of men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) develop bone metastases characterized by severe bone pain and increased likelihood of bone fracture. These clinical features result in decreased quality of life and act as a predictor of higher mortality. Mechanistically, the skeletal pathologies such as osteolytic lesions and abnormal osteoblastic activity drive these symptoms. The role of immune cells in bone cancer pain remains understudied, here we sought to recapitulate this symptomology in a murine model.

Methods

The prostate cancer bone metastasis‐induced pain model (CIBP) was established by transplanting a mouse prostate cancer cell line into the femur of immunocompetent mice. Pain development, gait dynamics, and the changes in emotional activities like depression and anxiety were evaluated. Animal tissues including femurs, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and spinal cord were collected at killing and microcomputed tomography (μCT), histology/immunohistochemistry, and quantitative immunofluorescent analysis were performed.

Results

Mice receiving prostate cancer cells showed a significantly lower threshold for paw withdrawal responses induced by mechanical stimulation compared with their control counterparts. Zero maze and DigiGait analyses indicated reduced and aberrant movement associated emotional activity compared with sham control at 8‐weeks postinjection. The μCT analysis showed osteolytic and osteoblastic changes and a 50% reduction of the trabecular volumes within the prostate cancer group. Neurologically we demonstrated, increased calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and neuronal p75NTR immune‐reactivities in both the projected terminals of the superficial dorsal horn and partial afferent neurons in DRG at L2 to L4 level in tumor‐bearing mice. Furthermore, our data show elevated nerve growth factor (NGF) and TrkA immunoreactivities in the same segment of the superficial dorsal horn that were, however, not colocalized with CGRP and p75NTR.

Conclusions

This study describes a novel immunocompetent model of CIBP and demonstrates the contribution of NGF and p75NTR to chronic pain in bone metastasis.
Dielectric Properties in Transition Metal and Rare‐Earth‐Doped Multiferroic BaTiO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Apostolov Angel T. , Apostolova Iliana N. , Wesselinowa Julia M.
Published: May 2020

The temperature, doping concentration, size, and magnetic field dependences of the real part of the dielectric function ϵ′ for Fe and Er ion‐doped BaTiO3bulk and nanoparticles—are calculated using microscopic models and the Green's function technique. The Fe ions substitute the Ti ions and cause a tensile strain. The maximum value of ϵ′ and the ferroelectric phase transition temperature TC decrease with increasing the Fe doping concentration. Moreover, ϵ′ decreases with decreasing particle size and increases with increasing an external magnetic field. The latter is an evidence for a strong magnetodielectric effect. By substituting the Ba with Er ions, there appears a strong compressive strain. It causes an increase in the maximum of ϵ′ and TC with increasing the Er ion concentration.
Effects of Sn Doping and A‐Site Deficiency on the Phases and Electrical Conductivities of the High‐Temperature Proton Conductor LaNbO4
Authors: Lv Yun , Geng Shipeng , Wei Tianjie , Liu Junwei , Xu Xiangyu , Yi Huaibo , Xu Jungu
Published: May 2020

Herein, the phases, defect formation energies, and electrical properties of nominal Sn‐doped LaNb1–xSnxO4–0.5x and A‐site deficient La1–xNbO4–1.5x materials are reported. LaNb1–xSnxO4–0.5x shows a solid‐solution limit close to x = 0.03 with the defect formation energy of ≈4.13 eV. Higher conductivities are observed under wet than dry conditions, suggesting a considerable protonic contribution in the Sn‐doped materials. The calculated defect formation energy of ≈9.18 eV for creating La vacancies in La sublattice in LaNbO4 agrees well with the fact that there are mixed dominating parent LaNbO4 and minor orthorhombic La0.33NbO3 phases in nominal La1–xNbO4–1.5x samples. The electrical property studies reveal no proton conduction but strong n‐type electronic conduction in La1–xNbO4–1.5x from the minor La0.33NbO3 phase.
Thermal Properties of the Very Low Thermal Conductivity Ternary Chalcogenide Cu4Bi4M9 (M = S, Se)
Authors: Hobbis Dean , Wang Hsin , Martin Joshua , Nolas George S.
Published: May 2020

Temperature‐dependent thermal properties of phase‐pure polycrystalline ternary chalcogenides Cu4Bi4S9 and Cu4Bi4Se9 are reported. The structure and bonding in these materials result in very low thermal conductivity values (<0.8 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature) for both materials. The lattice contribution, Debye temperatures, and Sommerfeld coefficient are obtained from low‐temperature heat capacity data that also indicate very small electronic contributions to the heat capacity for these materials. This study aids in the identification of new nontoxic, earth‐abundant resistive ternary chalcogenide materials with low thermal conductivity for potential thermal barrier coating and rewriteable storage applications.
Pleural cryobiopsy is useful for comprehensive cancer genetic panel testing
Authors: Ishii Satoru , Watanabe Hiromu , Izumi Shinyu , Hojo Masayuki , Sugiyama Haruhito
Published: May 2020

An 83‐year‐old woman presented with dyspnoea. Her chest X‐ray showed a right‐sided pleural effusion. Flex‐rigid pleuroscopy was performed and showed a mass in the anterior portion. The mass was biopsied with conventional biopsy forceps, but the mass was solid, and sufficient tissues could not be obtained. Therefore, the mass was biopsied with a cryoprobe. The tip of the probe was attached to the mass, and it was cooled with carbon dioxide once for 5 sec and then for 7 sec in the same place. The tissue size obtained was 2 mm by conventional biopsy forceps, and 5 mm at 5 sec and 12 mm at 7 sec by cryobiopsy. Histological analysis of the conventional biopsy forceps specimen showed cancer cells in the glandular cavity, but it was not sufficient tissue for comprehensive cancer genetic panel (CGP) testing. The cryobiopsy specimens showed cancer cells and sufficient tissue for comprehensive CGP testing.
Prospective association between burnout and road traffic accidents in teachers
Authors: Salvagioni Denise Albieri Jodas , Mesas Arthur Eumann , Melanda Francine Nesello , dos Santos Hellen Geremias , González Alberto Durán , Girotto Edmarlon , de Andrade Selma Maffei
Published: May 2020

We investigated whether burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced professional efficacy) is a risk factor for traffic accidents. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 509 school teachers. The teachers were interviewed in 2012–2013, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory was applied. After 2 years, the teachers were interviewed again to determine the occurrence of traffic accidents. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to adjust the analyses. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated to assess changes in c‐units in the scores of each Burnout dimension, with c equal to 1, 5 and 10 units. The incidence rate of road traffic accidents at follow‐up was 10.8%. After adjustments for sex, age, high workload/exposure to the traffic environment, daily consumption of alcoholic beverages and the other dimensions of burnout, depersonalization was a risk factor for traffic accidents. For each 1‐ and 10‐point increase in the depersonalization score, the risk increased by 8 and 119%, respectively. Emotional exhaustion was not associated with these accidents. Increases in the professional efficacy score increased the risk of traffic accidents. The association of depersonalization with future road traffic accidents reinforces the need for measures to improve teachers' work conditions to reduce burnout.
Engineering of Yolk/Core–Shell Structured Nanoreactors for Thermal Hydrogenations
Authors: Ye Run‐Ping , Wang Xinyao , Price Cameron‐Alexander Hurd , Liu Xiaoyan , Yang Qihua , Jaroniec Mietek , Liu Jian
Published: May 2020

Heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions are of great importance for chemical upgrading and synthesis, but still face the challenges of controlling selectivity and long‐term stability. To improve the catalytic performance, many hydrogenation reactions utilize special yolk/core–shell nanoreactors (YCSNs) with unique architectures and advantageous properties. This work presents the developmental and technological challenges in the preparation of YCSNs that are potentially useful for hydrogenation reactions, and provides a summary of the properties of these materials. The work also addresses the scientific challenges in applications of these YCSNs in various gas and liquid‐phase hydrogenation reactions. The catalyst structures, catalytic performance, structure–performance relationships, reaction mechanisms, and unsolved problems are discussed too. Also, a brief outlook and opportunities for future research in this field are presented. This work on the advancements in YCSNs might inspire the creation of new materials with desired structures for achieving maximal hydrogenation performances.
Safety Considerations of Cancer Nanomedicine—A Key Step toward Translation
Authors: Liu Xiangsheng , Tang Ivanna , Wainberg Zev A. , Meng Huan
Published: May 2020

The rate of translational effort of nanomedicine requires strategic planning of nanosafety research in order to enable clinical trials and safe use of nanomedicine in patients. Herein, the experiences that have emerged based on the safety data of classic liposomal formulations in the space of oncology are discussed, along with a description of the new challenges that need to be addressed according to the rapid expansion of nanomedicine platform beyond liposomes. It is valuable to consider the combined use of predictive toxicological assessment supported by deliberate investigation on aspects such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and toxicokinetic profiles, the risk that may be introduced during nanomanufacture, unique nanomaterials properties, and nonobvious nanosafety endpoints, for example. These efforts will allow the generation of investigational new drug‐enabling safety data that can be incorporated into a rational infrastructure for regulatory decision‐making. Since the safety assessment relates to nanomaterials, the investigation should cover the important physicochemical properties of the material that may lead to hazards when the nanomedicine product is utilized in humans.