bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing parenting styles: their influence on adolescent’s internet addiction
Authors: Sarfika Rika , Zein Gina Faizah , Andreni Riska , Refnandes Randy , Saifudin I Made Moh. Yanuar
Published: December 2023

Excessive internet use in adolescents can lead to addiction, with parental parenting styles playing a pivotal role. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between parents' parenting style and adolescent internet addiction. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 290 participants using convenience sampling. Two instruments, the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and Internet Addiction Test (IAT), were employed for data collection. Statistical analysis, using the Spearman correlation test (p < 0.05), was performed. Findings revealed a significant relationship (p < 0.001, r = 0.253) between an authoritarian paternal parenting style and adolescent internet addiction. A permissive maternal parenting style also exhibited a significant link (p < 0.001, r = 0.319) with internet addiction. This study highlights a clear association between parenting styles and adolescent internet addiction. Parents should balance granting freedom for responsible internet use with setting boundaries, engage in open dialogues, and issue warnings when excessive online time is detected to effectively address this issue.
Nonhealing Axillary Abscess: Pathergy Response
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Taneja Vinus , Khosla Pooja , Dessai Rishikesh , Sondhi Manuj , Vashishtha Vasu
Published: December 2023

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting autoinflammatory systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. It affects almost all organs with its capacity to involve both arteries and veins of varying sizes, resulting in significant organ-threatening morbidity and mortality. Hereby, we report a case of a 40-year-old female, a known case of rheumatoid arthritis and hypothyroidism, who presented with right axillary abscess of size approximately 8 cm × 8 cm with multiple oral ulcers (OUs). She was hemodynamically stable. Systemic examination was normal. She had multiple aphthous ulcers in her mouth, associated with hemorrhagic crusting and superficial ulcers over cheeks as well as multiple painful genital ulcers. She also had a history of recurrent OUs in the past. A clinical diagnosis of BD was made. Human leukocyte antigen B serotype (HLA B 51) was positive. The axillary abscess was incised and drained. Antibiotics were upgraded as per sensitivity but the ulcer did not heal despite treatment. It worsened with each debridement, which could be explained by pathergy phenomenon.
A systematic review and quality analysis of cancer pain guidelines
Authors: Thota Raghu S. , Ramkiran Seshadri , Singh Sarita , Damani Anuja , Wajekar Anjana S. , Koyyalagunta Lakshmi
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:

Cancer pain guidelines remain confined due to implementation barriers, preventing them from attaining a global perspective. The guidelines must be robust in development and inculcate high-quality content to achieve practical utility. Quality indicators related to safe opioid practice empower effective guideline implementation.

Methods:

The protocol was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD42021244823). Guidelines published over the last decade providing insights into cancer pain management and incorporating safe opioid practice were evaluated. The review’s primary outcome was to evaluate the quality of cancer pain guidelines. Appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument was used to assess a guideline’s quality. The ADAPTE collaboration-guideline adaptation resource tool kit (ADAPTE) provided insights into its adaptation based on specific questions within the guideline.

Results:

Fourteen cancer pain guidelines met the eligibility criteria and were included for quality evaluation. Eight guidelines were evaluated with combined AGREE II and ADAPTE process, attaining >66.7% in the rigour of development domain score, summated scaled domain score, and specific ADAPTE tools to evaluate the quality of each guideline. The intra-class correlation coefficient was utilised for resolving inter-rater agreement. ‘Safe opioid practice’ within a guideline was assessed for quality content implementation.

Conclusion:

Combined AGREE II and ADAPTE identified four cancer pain guidelines, namely Ministry of Health Malaysia, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCEC-National Clinical Guideline, and World Health Organization, which were of the highest quality and incorporated safe opioid practice effectively.
Comparison of ultrasound-guided paravertebral block versus erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia after percutaneous nephrolithotomy – A randomised, double-blind, controlled study
Authors: Khot Prajna Pandit , Desai Sameer N. , Bale Sushmitha P. , Aradhya Bhuvanesh N.
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:

Paravertebral block (PVB) is the regional anaesthesia of choice for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is also effective for the same. This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy and ease of performing PVB or ESPB for PCNL surgery.

Methods:

This study was conducted in 60 patients undergoing PCNL, who were randomised to Group P (n = 30; received ultrasound-guided [USG] PVB) and Group E (n = 30; received USG ESPB) after general anaesthesia. Blocks were administered at T10 level on the side of the surgery using 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. The trachea was extubated at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was analgesia duration, and secondary outcomes were postoperative pain scores, analgesic consumption, ease of block performance, time taken to perform the block and complications between the two groups. Continuous variables were compared using an independent sample t-test, and categorical variables were analysed using Pearson’s Chi-square test.

Results:

Demographic variables were comparable in both groups. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) time of first rescue analgesia in Group P and Group E were 16.6 (20.4)(95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.02–20.32) h and 16.3 (21.8) (95% CI: 8.17–24.51) h, respectively (P = 0.95). The postoperative pain scores and number of doses of analgesics used were comparable between the groups (P > 0.05). The time taken to perform PVB was much longer compared to the time taken to perform ESPB (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

USG PVB and ESPB were equally effective for postoperative analgesia for PCNL surgery.
Efficiency of face mask ventilation before and after neuromuscular blockade: A randomised, double-blind controlled study
Authors: Kumar Supriya , Hussain Mumtaz , Bharti Alok K. , Kumar Arvind
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:

The traditional practice of administrating neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) after checking face mask ventilation is challenged repeatedly. This study compared the efficiency of face mask ventilation before and after administrating an NMBD in a patient with a normal airway. The secondary outcome measured was the grade of mask ventilation and tracheal intubating conditions.

Methods:

After ethical approval, patients (n = 120) in the age group of 18–65 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 received an NMBD before checking face mask ventilation. Group 2 received an NMBD after checking face mask ventilation. Lungs were ventilated for 180 s, during which expiratory tidal volume (Vte) was recorded as the primary outcome. Hans’s grading for face mask ventilation was used to grade mask ventilation. The ease of intubation was assessed based on intubating conditions (ease of laryngoscopy, vocal cord movement, and limb movement). SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

For a total of 180 seconds of mask ventilation, the mean (standard deviation) Vte measured after apnoea was significantly higher in Group 1 versus Group 2 [471.9 (63.3) vs 434.8 (77.0) mL/breath, P = 0.004]. The intubating condition was either excellent or good in all patients.

Conclusion:

The administration of NMBDs resulted in a larger mask Vte and shorter intubation time.
Strategies for successful management of moderate and severe Mooren’s ulcer at a rural center during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learnt
Authors: Peraka Raghav Preetam , Murthy Somasheila I , Rathi Varsha M
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to report the strategies that evolved in managing Mooren’s ulcer (MU) at a resource-limited center in rural India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:

This study includes a retrospective analysis of clinically diagnosed MU cases from January 2021 to August 2021 wherein strategies for management were developed. The demographic profile, ulcer clinical features, treatment algorithms (medical and surgical), complications encountered, referral to a higher center, and compliance with medication and follow-up were studied.

Results:

The mean age of presentation was 68.1 years (range, 62–73 years), and 90% were men. The median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.26 logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) (interquartile range (IQR), 0.00–5 logMAR) in the affected eye on presentation, which improved to 0.69 logMAR (IQR, 0.00–3 logMAR) at resolution (P = 0.442). The first-line management was conjunctival resection and tissue adhesive application (90%). 70% of cases were unilateral, 50% of cases had less than 2 clock hours of involvement, and 50% had less than 50% stromal involvement. Confounding factors included infectious keratitis (2) and corneal perforation (3). The mean duration of follow-up was 96 (1–240) days. The average follow-up visits per patient were 8.8 (1–22). 90% of cases could be managed successfully at the secondary center level with two cases needing a tertiary care referral.

Conclusion:

MU can be managed effectively by following a systemic strategy of early diagnosis, surgical therapy, and rapid institution of systemic immunosuppression in a remote location-based secondary center. The strategies developed can be a guide for ophthalmologists at remote centers managing patients or who are unable to travel to tertiary institutes.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated uveitis in India – A case series
Authors: Magesan Kowsigan , Nangia Purna , Manoharan Anitha , Sitaula Ranju K , Srikantiah Chandrashekara , Biswas Jyotirmay
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To report the uveitic manifestations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of all SLE cases with ocular manifestations seen by a single ophthalmologist between 2015 and December 2021.

Results:

In total, seven patients with a median age of 40 (range 18–50) years were included in the study. Female (85.7%) predominance was noted. Ocular findings were bilateral in 71% (five patients) of cases. Majority (10 eyes, 83%) of the patients had retinal vasculitis as the common finding. Antinuclear antibodies were positive in all the patients. The vision improved in two (16.6%) eyes, was stable in eight (66%) eyes, and worsened in one (8%) eye. All the patients were treated with oral steroids along with immunosuppressive agents.

Conclusion:

Though SLE is rare cause of uveitis, it can be associated with significant ocular morbidity. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment can salvage vision in many cases.
Biomechanical properties of cornea and ocular aberrations in myopic eyes
Authors: Dhiman Rebika , Singh Divya , Vanathi Murugesan , Tandon Radhika , Mahalingam Karthikeyan
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To study the correlation of corneal topography, corneal biomechanical properties, and ocular aberrations with the magnitude of refractive error in myopic eyes.

Methods:

All myopic patients attending the clinic for refractive surgery were recruited. Data recorded included visual acuity, axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), topography (Pentacam – Oculus), corneal biomechanical factors [ocular response analyzer (ORA)], and optical aberrations (iTrace). They were further categorized into group 1 (suitable for femto-LASIK) and group 2 (unsuitable for femto-LASIK).

Results:

Sixty eyes (30 myopes) of mean age 22.78 ± 2.71 years were enrolled. A negative correlation of refractive error was noted with AL (ρ = −0.9; P < 0.001), total aberrations (ρ = 0.53; P < 0.001), and lower-order aberrations (LOA) (ρ = 0.54; P < 0.001). A strongly positive correlation was noted between CCT and corneal hysteresis (CH) (ρ = 0.63; P < 0.001), CCT and CRF (ρ = 0.56; P < 0.001), CH and corneal resistance factor (CRF) (ρ = 0.83; P < 0.001), and Goldmann equivalent intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) (ρ = 0.78; P < 0.001). An increase in higher-order aberrations (HOAs) as well as lower-order aberrations (LOAs) was noted with increasing sim-K [HOA (r = 0.73, P = 0.001); LOA (r = 0.601, P = 0.014)] and increasing CRF [HOA (r = 0.5, P = 0.006); LOA (r = 0.732, P = 0.001)] in group 2. The amount of refractive error, axial length, central corneal thickness, and sim-K were significantly different in the two groups.

Conclusion:

Increasing degree of myopia is associated with an increase in axial length, total aberrations, and lower-order aberrations. Corneal biomechanical parameters have a strong correlation with each other. Lower corneal biomechanics are noted in high myopes as they have weaker and thinner corneas. Corneal biomechanics and ocular aberrations do not differ significantly between cases suitable for femto-LASIK and cases unsuitable for femto-LASIK.
Clinicodemographic profile, management, and treatment outcomes in advanced retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center in North India
Authors: Kumar Sonali Vinay , Kumar Vinay , Sati Alok , Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Khera Sanjeev , Mishra Atul , Mathur Ankit , Gopinath Manoj , Mohimen Aneesh , Malik Virender , Kumar Natasha V
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The study was undertaken to look into the clinicodemographic profile, management, and clinical outcomes of advanced retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study was conducted from Jan 2019 to Dec 2022. Forty-two patients of intraocular advanced retinoblastoma were assessed. The treatment protocol was formulated based on size, extension of tumor, and laterality. Primary outcome measure was response to the treatment in terms of regression of tumor and seeds and no evidence of recurrence after 12 month in enucleated eyes. Secondary outcome measures were complications like implant exposure, metastasis, and death associated with each treatment modality.

Results:

The mean age of the study group was 13 months. The most common presentation was leukocoria with diminished vision. Most of the patients had group E retinoblastoma (n = 40, 95%) as per the International Classification of Retinoblastoma. In 12 patients with group E retinoblastoma, primary enucleation was performed and in six patients, secondary enucleation was done, in which initially, globe salvage treatment was tried. In 30 patients, globe salvage treatment was attempted and we could manage to save 23 eyes. The most common treatment modality was intra-arterial chemotherapy using a triple-drug regimen. One patient developed intracranial spread and died due to systemic metastasis during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

The current study showed that globe salvage is possible in advanced retinoblastoma if appropriate therapy is instituted depending upon the extent of the tumor and availability of latest treatment modalities. Intra-arterial chemotherapy using triple drugs can be offered as a first-line therapy in advanced unilateral retinoblastoma as it has been found to be very effective in the present study.
Knowledge and awareness of clinical trials among trial participants in India: A multicentric questionnaire-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Pillai Gopal S , Sheeba C S , Barman Manabjyoti , Sen Alok , Sundaram Natarajan , Dickson Merin , Joyal Shamilin , Choudhury Manjisa , Joy Merlin M , Deepthi K G , Jangid Poonam , Dani Samrudhi
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The knowledge and attitude of participants toward clinical trials (CTs) are a key determinant in successful recruitment and retention. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and awareness-attitude among the recruited CT participants about CTs.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional face-to-face survey comprising CT participants involved in the past or currently a part of a CT during this study within the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial Network (IOCTN). A previously validated questionnaire was used, and data regarding demographics, knowledge, and awareness-attitude about CTs were collected. The total awareness-attitude score was used to determine the knowledge and awareness of the participants.

Results:

A total of 121 subjects had participated in the study who were part of ongoing trials, of which only five participants had prior experience of CTs. The majority (90%) had knowledge about CTs, whereas only 7% had confirmed signing consent forms. The total awareness-attitude score significantly varied across locations (27% for the southern zone, 53% for the central zone, and 52% for the western zone), and this was negatively associated with education. The most negative attitude (38.6%) was observed regarding adequate information sharing among participants, whereas non-disruption of their routine family life (60.7%) and financial stability (67.6%) were the top most positive attitudes revealed during their participation. The participants’ pre- and post-participation attitude toward CTs revealed a positive attitude.

Conclusion:

The factors influencing a participant’s knowledge and attitudes toward CTs were revealed in the study. Furthermore, the need for awareness regarding benefits of CTs to the public, participant’s rights, and their voluntary power were the major highlights.
Artificial intelligence in glaucoma detection using color fundus photographs
Authors: Sidhu Zubin , Mansoori Tarannum
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) for glaucoma detection using deep learning algorithm and evaluate its accuracy for image classification of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) from color fundus photographs.

Methods:

A total of 1375 color fundus photographs, 735 normal optic nerve head and 640 GON, were uploaded on the AI software for training, validation, and testing using deep learning model, which is based on Residual Network (Res Net) 50V2. For initial training and validation, 400 fundus images (200 normal and 200 GON) were uploaded and for the final training and testing 975 (535 normal and 440 GON) were uploaded later. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the image classification performance of the algorithm. Also, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were calculated.

Results:

The model used in the study showed an image classification accuracy of 81.3%, sensitivity of 83%, and specificity of 80% for the detection of GON. The false-negative grading was 17% and false-positive grading was 20% for the image classification of GON. Coexistence of glaucoma in patients with high myopia, early glaucoma in a small disc, and software misclassification of GON were the reasons for false-negative results. Physiological large cupping in a large disc, myopic or titled disc, and software misclassification of normal optic disc were the reasons for false-positive results.

Conclusion:

The model employed in this study achieved a good accuracy, and hence has a good potential in detection of GON using color fundus photographs.
Ocular surface changes in primary open-angle glaucoma on anti-glaucoma medications versus treatment-naïve patients
Authors: Srivastava Krati , Bhatnagar Kavita R , Shakrawal Jyoti , Tandon Manjari , Jaisingh Kirti , Pandey Latika , Roy Falguni
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To examine the ocular surface disease in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients already on treatment versus POAG patients without treatment.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study was conducted on 120 eyes of 60 POAG patients: 60 treatment-naïve eyes (group I) and 60 eyes already on topical anti-glaucoma medications (AGMs) (group II). All patients had filled out the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive glaucoma workup. Tear break-up time (TBUT) test, Schirmer’s test (type I), corneal sensitivity, anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and corneal and conjunctival staining were done at day 1, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months follow-up.

Results:

On presentation, TBUT, Schirmer’s test, tear meniscus height (TMH), and tear meniscus depth (TMD) were significantly higher in group I compared to group II. No significant difference was noted in OSDI score, corneal sensitivity, and tear meniscus area (TMA) between the groups on presentation. Both, lissamine green and rose bengal staining, had higher grades in group II compared to group I. Worsening of ocular surface disease was noted in both groups on follow-up. OSDI score, TBUT, Schirmer’s test, TMH, and TMD had better values in group I in comparison to group II on follow-up.

Conclusion:

The study has identified glaucoma patients on AGMs to be more affected by dry eye disease (DED) compared to treatment-naive glaucoma patients. We found statistically significant differences in values of TBUT, Schirmer tests, lissamine and rose bengal staining, and AS-OCT parameters at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. OSDI scores showed significant differences at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. We recommend consideration of evaluation and management of DED/ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients on topical AGMs, particularly multiple drugs and doses.
The influence of altitude on the differences between Goldmann tonometry and Pascal dynamic contour tonometry: An ecological meta-analysis
Authors: Albis-Donado Oscar , Ramirez-Neria Paulina , Rios-Acosta Nadia , Stalmans Ingeborg
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

A meta-analysis found that including atmospheric pressure as altitude in generalized linear models reveals higher differences between Goldmann tonometry and Pascal dynamic contour tonometry at higher altitudes, with the difference increasing in thinner corneas. To examine the difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by using Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) tonometry in published literature and determine the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT), age, and altitude on that difference.

Methods:

Articles that compare GAT and DCT were selected for an extensive literature review, and the location and altitude of the research centers were found online. CCT and age were analyzed as covariates, when available.

Results:

A total of 157 studies including 24,211 eyes of 20,214 patients were included in the study. The results showed that the difference between DCT and GAT was higher at higher altitudes above sea level and increased with thinner corneas. However, the results were different in eyes with corneal transplants, where altitude and CCT had less influence, and in those post-refractive surgery where age was found to influence the difference. Theoretical correction formulas using altitude, CCT, and age were derived from this meta-analysis, but their accuracy and usefulness in clinical practice need validation.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that there is a higher risk of underestimating IOP when the Goldmann tonometer is used at a higher altitude, particularly in eyes with glaucoma, thinner corneas, or corneal refractive surgery. Further research is needed to validate the accuracy of the correction formulas derived from this meta-analysis in clinical practice.
Subconjunctival dexamethasone-assisted conjunctival autograft harvesting versus normal saline during pterygium surgery – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Meena Ashok , Agrawal Ashish , Parmar Gautam , Gurnani Bharat
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival dexamethasone compared to normal saline on conjunctival autograft harvesting in patients undergoing pterygium surgery.

Methods:

Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients who underwent pterygium excision combined with autologous conjunctival graft (CAG) using releasable suture were included in this prospective interventional study. The patients were randomized into two groups of 26 patients each. Group A consisted of patients in whom CAG was harvested using subconjunctival 0.5 ml of 0.4% dexamethasone sodium phosphate and in group B patients, normal saline was used. The patients were assessed for postoperative pain, foreign body sensation, and watering as the subjective signs of inflammation and conjunctival inflammation and lid edema as the objective signs of inflammation at 12 and 24 h postsurgery.

Results:

The mean age of group A and B patients was 47.69 + 13.09 and 46.00 + 10.76 years, respectively. The male:female ratio was 1.6:1 in group A and 1.1:1 in group B. The mean surgical time in group A was 243.96 ± 52.13 s and in group B was 258.08 ± 43.99 s. Postoperative pain, foreign body sensation, and watering were significantly lower in group A patients than in group B patients at both 12 and 24 h postoperatively (group A: 4.65 ± 1.33, 4.88 ± 1.73, and 3.85 ± 1.43, respectively, at 12 h; 1.89 ± 1.03, 1.69 ± 1.09, and 1.69 ± 0.97, respectively, at 24 h and group B: 6.42 ± 0.95, 6.65 ± 0.98, and 6.27 ± 1.40, respectively, at 12 h; 3.27 ± 1.43, 3.12 ± 1.25, 2.58 ± 1.14, respectively, at 24 h) (P < 0.001). Conjunctival inflammation was significantly lower in group A at 12 h (P < 0.05) and 24 h (P < 0.05) after surgery compared to group B. Lid edema failed to show any significant (P = 0.17) difference with respect to severity in both the groups at 12 and 24 h (P = 0.699).

Conclusion:

Subconjunctival dexamethasone decreased patient discomfort following pterygium surgery. The dexamethasone group had reduced conjunctival inflammatory signs without any notable complications.
Screening for Hearing Impairment in High-Risk Neonates in a Rural Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Thomas Kiren , Datta Ginni
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Among the many congenital problems, loss of hearing is one of the most common treatable diseases. Hearing loss in early life can have deleterious effects on the child's psychosocial, scholastic, and social-emotional development.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of neonatal hearing loss in high-risk neonates admitted in a rural tertiary care center. To determine the risk factors predictive of hearing impairment in these neonates.

Materials and Methods:

About 200 high-risk neonates were included in the study. The first screening by otoacoustic emission (OAE) was conducted before the neonate's discharge from the hospital. If it failed, OAE was repeated after 4 weeks or at the first immunization visit. If it again failed, then Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) was conducted within no more than 3 months.

Statistical Analysis Used:

It was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (IBM SPSS Version 28.0. Armonk, NY). The Chi-square test was used to calculate the P value. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

In the initial screening, 49 out of 200 high-risk neonates had referred OAE. Out of 49, 20 failed in repeat OAE. Out of these 20 neonates, hearing loss was confirmed in 15 neonates (7.5%) by BERA. The risk factors most commonly associated with hearing loss in the present study were neonatal intensive care unit admission >24 h (7%), hyperbilirubinemia (3%), meningitis (3%), and ototoxic drugs (3%). In the neonates who had hearing loss (15), 93.33% were having more than one risk factor.

Conclusions:

Our study concludes that there is significant hearing impairment in high-risk neonates. Screening for hearing loss and early identification is needed to modulate the period of neural plasticity, preventing them to banish into a world of social isolation, and educational malaise. The health-care facilities in rural regions have limited settings. Hence, at least a targeted screening is recommended for early detection of hearing loss and rehabilitation.
Bhramari Pranayama in Tinnitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shetty Hemanth Narayan , Acharya Divyashree
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The present systematic review focused on exploring the published articles on the application of treatment of Bhramari Pranayama (BP) on Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI).

Methods:

A systematic search was carried out to identify the eligible studies exploring the effect of BP treatment on functional handicap caused by tinnitus in PubMed, Mesh PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Francis and Taylor, Elsevier, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and IndMED in electronic databases. Studies on applying the treatment of BP on lessening functional impairment reflected in THI were identified following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer for adjudication. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to investigate the quality appraisal of the included studies.

Results:

Two studies were shortlisted, and the research design of two studies was a randomized control trial and multiple treatment randomized groups. There was a low risk in each of the studies. There was a strong causal relationship between BP and reduced handicap from tinnitus, with the estimated effect size of 0.86 and 0.92 in each study.

Conclusion:

This review highlights the application of the BP has reduced functional handicap among persons with tinnitus having a severity of a moderate degree of handicap.
Spontaneous Reversal of Geotropic Nystagmus in Horizontal Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: Genç Hakan , Satar Bulent , Karababa Ercan
Published: December 2023

It might make diagnosis of horizontal canal (HC) benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) more challenging to see direction-changing nystagmus without positional change following spontaneous reversal of geotropic nystagmus (GEONYS) in supine roll test (SRT). We aimed to emphasize the importance of identifying of affected side in these patients to proceed with appropriate treatment modality. SRT was used to diagnose HC-BBPV and Barbecue maneuver with/without mastoid vibrator for treatment. We present two cases of spontaneous direction-changing BPPV without changing position. SRT revealed spontaneously changing nystagmus when the head was turned to the right and left in the first case. In the second case, nystagmus was observed in the SRT, which changed direction spontaneously only when the head was on the right. We think that Case 1 had canalolithiasis on one side and cupulolithiasis on the other, and Case 2 had canalolithiasis on side only.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence to Optimize the Routing of Vehicles and Reduce Traffic Congestion in Urban Areas
Authors: Dikshit Srishti , Atiq Areeba , Shahid Mohammad , Dwivedi Vinay , Thusu Aarushi
Published: December 2023

The swift urbanization of cities has given rise to an unparalleled surge in vehicular traffic, leading to substantial congestion, heightened pollution, and a diminished quality of life. This investigation explores the capacity of artificial intelligence (AI) to transform urban mobility by optimizing vehicle routing and alleviating traffic congestion. The objective is to create AI-powered solutions that augment transportation efficiency, diminish travel times, and mitigate environmental repercussions. This paper thoroughly scrutinizes existing AI algorithms, vehicle routing, and traffic management techniques. The study integrates real-time traffic data, road network characteristics, and individual travel patterns to formulate intelligent routing strategies. The proposed AI system adjusts to dynamic traffic conditions through machine learning and optimization algorithms, pinpointing optimal routes and redistributing traffic flows to minimize congestion hotspots. To assess the effectiveness of the AI-driven approach, extensive simulations and case studies are conducted in representative urban areas. Performance metrics, including travel time reduction, fuel consumption, and emissions reduction, are employed to quantify the impact of the proposed system on traffic congestion and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the study evaluates the scalability, feasibility, and economic viability of implementing AI-based traffic management solutions on a larger scale. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights into the potential advantages of AI in reshaping urban mobility. By optimizing vehicle routing and diminishing traffic congestion, the proposed AI-driven system has the potential to elevate overall transportation efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and contribute to a healthier urban environment. The findings carry substantial implications for policymakers, urban planners, and transportation authorities seeking innovative solutions to tackle the challenges of contemporary urbanization while promoting sustainable development.
Assessment of Bone Marrow Involvement in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma: Positron Emission Tomography versus Bone Marrow Biopsy, and the Significance of Minimal Involvement by EBV+ Cells (KROG 18-09)
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Kim Hyun Ju , Lee Jong Hoon , Lee Jeongshim , Kim Jin Hee , Oh Dongryul , Eom Keun-Yong
Published: December 2023

Purpose This study aims to investigate the diagnostic significance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in assessing bone marrow (BM) involvement through a comparison of PET/CT findings with BM biopsy in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.Materials and Methods The medical records of 193 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized as having early-stage (PET-ES) or advanced-stage (PET-AS) disease based on PET/CT results. The BM involvement was classified into three groups according to BM biopsy: gross BM involvement, minimal BM involvement (defined as the presence of a limited number of Epstein-Barr virus–positive cells in BM), and no involvement. Calculations of the accuracy of PET/CT in detecting BM involvement and analysis of the clinical outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) according to the BM biopsy status were performed.Results PET/CT exhibited a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 96.0% in detecting gross BM involvement. For detecting any (both gross and minimal) BM involvement, the sensitivity was 30.4%, while the specificity was 99.0%. Only one patient (0.7%) demonstrated gross BM involvement among the PET-ES group. Survival outcomes of the PET-ES group with minimal BM involvement (3-year PFS, 55.6%; OS, 77.0%) were closer to those of the PET-ES group with no BM involvement (3-year PFS, 62.2%; OS, 80.6%) than to those of the PET-AS group (3-year PFS, 20.1%; OS, 29.9%).Conclusion PET/CT exhibits high specificity, but moderate and low sensitivity in detecting gross and minimal BM involvement, respectively. The clinical significance of minimal BM involvement for patients in the PET-ES group may be limited.
Improved visibility of colorectal tumor by texture and color enhancement imaging with indigo carmine
Authors: Hiramatsu Takuma , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Kataoka Yosuke , Yoshida Shuntaro , Matsuno Tatsuya , Mizutani Hiroya , Nakagawa Hideki , Ebinuma Hirotoshi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Toyoshima Osamu
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Accurate diagnosis and early resection of colorectal polyps are important to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer. However, technical factors and morphological factors of polyps itself can lead to missed diagnoses. Image-enhanced endoscopy and chromoendoscopy (CE) have been developed to facilitate an accurate diagnosis. There have been no reports on visibility using a combination of texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) and CE for colorectal tumors.

AIM

To investigate the visibility of margins and surfaces with the combination of TXI and CE for colorectal lesions.

METHODS

This retrospective study included patients who underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic. We extracted polyps that were resected and diagnosed as adenomas or serrated polyps (hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated lesions) from our endoscopic database. An expert endoscopist performed the lower gastrointestinal endoscopies and observed the lesion using white light imaging (WLI), TXI, CE, and TXI + CE modalities. Indigo carmine dye was used for CE. Three expert endoscopists rated the visibility of the margin and surface patterns in four ranks, from 1 to 4. The primary outcomes were the average visibility scores for the margin and surface patterns based on the WLI, TXI, CE, and TXI + CE observations. Visibility scores between the four modalities were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests.

RESULTS

A total of 48 patients with 81 polyps were assessed. The histological subtypes included 50 tubular adenomas, 16 hyperplastic polyps, and 15 sessile serrated lesions. The visibility scores for the margins based on WLI, TXI, CE, and TXI + CE were 2.44 ± 0.93, 2.90 ± 0.93, 3.37 ± 0.74, and 3.75 ± 0.49, respectively. The visibility scores for the surface based on WLI, TXI, CE, and TXI + CE were 2.25 ± 0.80, 2.84 ± 0.84, 3.12 ± 0.72, and 3.51 ± 0.60, respectively. The visibility scores for the detection and surface on TXI were significantly lower than that on CE but higher than that on WLI (P < 0.001). The visibility scores for the margin and surface on TXI + CE were significantly higher than those on CE (P < 0.001). In the sub-analysis of adenomas, the visibility for the margin and surface on TXI + CE was significantly better than that on WLI, TXI, and CE (P < 0.001). In the sub-analysis of serrated polyps, the visibility for the margin and surface on TXI + CE was also significantly better than that on WLI, TXI, and CE (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

TXI + CE enhanced the visibility of the margin and surface compared to WLI, TXI, and CE for colorectal lesions.
Toxicity and in vitro antioxidant potential of Curcuma longa Linn and Zingiber officinale Rosc rhizomes in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Amagon Kennedy Iliya , Agyo David , Amagon Leritshimwa , Wanche Ernest Magani
Published: December 2023

Medicinal plants like Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale contain phytochemicals which have antioxidant properties. The study evaluated the antioxidant effect of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale on the survival of Drosophila melanogaster administered isoniazid. Drosophila melanogaster aged 3-5 days old were exposed to different concentrations (5-1000 mg/ 5 g diet) of isoniazid, and extract for 7 days to determine the lethal concentration (LC50). A 14-day survival assay was performed to evaluate the effect of isoniazid and the herbal extract on the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster. The antioxidant activity of the herbal extract on the stable 2,2- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was also evaluated. The result showed an antioxidant activity greater than that of a standard, silymarin. An increase in survival rate of the fruit flies was observed at the lowest dose of the extract, when compared to those fed diet only. In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into the antioxidant properties of the herbal extract, highlighting its potential benefits, while further research to elucidate the effects of phytochemicals especially at high doses is necessary. The results also underscore the importance of considering various factors in toxicity assessments as they affect fly survival.
“Coat and Uncoat!”: Satire and socio-political commentary in My Book of #GHCoats
Authors: Opoku-Agyemang Kwabena
Published: December 2023

Research related to creative expression has examined the form and nature of satire in both oral and print poetry in West Africa but is yet to adequately consider digital poetry. This essay examines Nana Awere Damoah’s My Book of #GHCoats, arguably the first example of African conceptual poetry. A collation of humorous fictional quotes by Ghanaian Facebook users, #GHCoats allows for analysis the context of socio-political satire. In exploring the presence and utility of satire in #GHCoats, this essay analyzes the features of conceptual poetry as used via social media to present digital poetry as a developing force of creative expression.
Online foreign language learning at the tertiary level: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lomotey Benedicta Adokarley , Csajbok-Twerefou Ildiko
Published: December 2023

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a recourse to online teaching in many parts of the world, and for several disciplines, including foreign language learning. Although quite an amount of research has been conducted on Online Foreign Language Learning (OFLL), issues relating to OFLL in philology programs have received relatively little attention. Furthermore, differences in students’ experiences according to the foreign language of study remain under-researched. The current paper addresses this gap using both quantitative and qualitative methods. A survey was conducted among one thousand, one hundred and five [1,105] (former) students of an African university. The researchers examined the new methods applied in the teaching of Arabic, Chinese, French, Kiswahili, Russian, and Spanish as foreign languages at the research setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study investigated the challenges encountered by participants, participants’ perceptions of OFLL, and its impact on their performance. The findings showed that challenges encountered by participants included issues such as inadequate physical interaction in the foreign language and problems with internet connectivity. However, the findings also suggest that OFLL has certain advantages such as the reduction of anxiety and the increase of foreign language enjoyment among learners. These findings suggest that OFLL has some benefits which foreign language institutions should make good use of even beyond times of crisis. Measures to achieve this include the usage of efficient online learning management software and the provision of digital training programs for students and teachers.
5G İÇ MEKAN UYGULAMALARI İÇİN 3D BASKI VE ALÜMİNYUM KAPLAMA ÇALIŞMASI İLE ÇİFT SIRTLI HORN ANTENİN ÜRETİMİ
Authors: KASAR Ömer , DURDAĞ Utkan Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Antenler, kablosuz haberleşme sistemlerinde en temel bileşenlerden biri olarak yer alırlar. Eklemeli imalat ile üretilen antenler günümüzde geleneksel üretim tekniklerinin sınırlarını aşarak karmaşık ve özel anten yapılarının kolayca oluşturulabilmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada eklemeli imalat ile bir çeşit Çift Sırtlı Horn Anten tasarımı ve üretim tekniği önerilmiştir. Anten mikrodalga frekanslarda tasarlandıktan sonra 3 boyutlu yazıcılar kullanarak PLA malzeme ile gerçekleştirilmiş ardından alüminyum folyo kaplanmıştır. Metal yapısı bir konnektörle bağlanarak antenin çalışması sağlanmıştır.

Önerilen Çift Sırtlı Horn Anten 2,38-2,85 GHz ile 4,80-5 GHz frekansları arasında iki ayrı rezonansta çalışmaktadır. 2,65 GHz ve 4,9 GHz’deki maksimum anten kazancı sırasıyla 1,7 ve 1,9 dB olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Bu iki rezonans için yarı güç ışıma genişliği (HPBW) 45°’dir. Önerilen horn anten ile başlıca haberleşme bantları olan 2,45 ISM bandı uygulamaları ile 5 GHz altındaki 5G iç mekan (indoor) uygulamaları yapılabilir.
Civilized Death: The Issue of Stray Animals and Sports Mega- Events in Russia
Authors: Galindabaeva Vera
Published: December 2023

The article examines how the strategy of constructing the social problem of animal cruelty in Russia has become successful in the context of preparing and holding sports mega- events. The constructionist theory of social problems by M. Spector, J. Kitsius, and J. Best is developed on the basis of N. Elias’s civilization theory, as well as on the studies of mega- events in non-western countries. The analytical scheme of hierarchically interconnected levels of industries of social problems initiating, in interaction, the very actualization of various social conditions on the threshold of mega- events is offered: these are regional, national, and international. Two cities were chosen, Kazan and Sochi, for the empirical fields of research. The research sample included materials from the media of regional and federal publications. The articles on the topic of stray animals in Sochi and Kazan in the eve of the sports mega- events were also searched on the websites of major international news agencies and newspapers. The method of discourse analysis was applied to the rhetoric of the main actors, to identify the main techniques of typification and the main discourses that are formed around the issue of the homeless animals’ treatment. Longitudinal media analysis allowed us to see how the rhetoric of actors of the national industry of social problems changes under the pressure of the international industry of social problems. We consider discursive constructions that are actively promoted at the regional level, but are modified or disappear at the federal and international levels.
“New Pearl Harbor” and US Digital Media 2001‑2002
Authors: Buranok Sergei O. , Tokmakova Polina D.
Published: December 2023

The research topic is aimed at studying the means, methods and techniques of updating the metaphor “New Pearl Harbor” in the US foreign policy discourse. Analysis of the evolution of this metaphor in the US media in the 21st century allows us to talk about the formation of a special phenomenon of the socio-political life of the United States, the reconstruction and explanation of which is not possible within the framework of the traditional methodology of historical research, but requires an interdisciplinary approach based on historical imagology. The importance and significance of this metaphor is shown by the fact that in every foreign policy crisis, in every new threat, in every aggravation of the international situation, the metaphor “Pearl Harbor” was used in the United States. The metaphor “New Pearl Harbor” and its variation “Russian Pearl Harbor” is an important element of US foreign policy discourse and contemporary research. As a result of the research, it was established that the metaphor “New Pearl Harbor” is used both for “internal consumption” (political discourse) and for the external one. Moreover, in the 21st century, this metaphor very often arises in the coverage and analysis of contemporary Russian-American relations. The article shows the evolution of the “New Pearl Harbor” metaphor in the US digital media. Digital media in the United States reacted most quickly to changes in the use of the “New Pearl Harbor” metaphor. The article is intended for political scientists, historians and journalists.
The TV Series “Severance” (2022): An Essay on the Visual Mechanisms of Oblivion and Canceling within the Contemporary Pop-Cultural Paradigm
Authors: Aliev Rastyam T.
Published: December 2023

In this essay, the TV series “Severance” (2022) serves as a lens through which we explore the role and function of memory and oblivion in molding social relations and influencing the human psyche. While the narrative of the series touches on many pertinent issues, the realm of social memory remains insufficiently plumbed by researchers, paving the way for further inquiry and interpretations. An examination of the narrative motifs in “Severance” unveils concerns related to both individual and collective memory. Furthermore, “Severance” stands as a salient example of the visual mechanisms used to depict oblivion and “cancellation” and their subsequent role in sculpting collective memory and social dynamics. Philosophers, sociologists, cultural analysts, and those passionate about the intricacies of memory and oblivion in modern social relations will likely find the conclusions of this essay enlightening.