bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified Vlasov equation and dispersion relations for a relativistic radiating electron plasma
Authors: García-Camacho Juan F. , Ares de Parga Gonzalo , Tun Dionisio
Published: June 2019

A modified Vlasov equation is obtained by developing a covariant statistical mechanics for a system of electrons without considering the effects of the ions and including the Landau–Lifshitz equation of motion. General dispersion relations for the transverse and longitudinal modes for any temperature are expressed. The results are similar to those found by Hakim & Mangeney (Phys. Fluids, vol. 14, 1971, pp. 2751–2781) for both the modified Vlasov equation and the dispersion relations. However, for the longitudinal mode, unlike the development of Hakim and Mangeney, correct expansions are done in order to give a numerical approach to obtain the longitudinal relativistic dispersion relations for any value of the wavenumber. Accordingly, new loop solutions, with turning points, crossing the super-luminous region and the super-thermal region are found. Although the expressions for the Landau damping and the damping due to the radiation reaction force coincide with the Hakim and Mangeney results for some particular cases, in general they are different. A Landau anti-damping appears in the second branch of the loop in a small region between the cutoff point and the intersection with the super-thermal line. The analysis of this effect leads us to a kind of wave pulse. We will call them bipolar waves. The treatment contains the relativistic interactions between all the electrons in the system with retarded effects. This explain the differences with Zhang’s recent work (Phys. Plasmas, vol. 20, 2013, 092112–092132). It is shown that for low densities, the cutoff of the wave is due to the dispersion relations and not due to the radiation reaction force damping. While for both high densities and temperatures, the damping due to the radiation reaction force is important.
Zeros as a result in diet studies, is this really bad? Rhinoptera steindachneri as a case study
Authors: Ehemann N. R. , Abitia-Cardenas L. A. , Navia A. F. , Mejía-Falla P. A. , Cruz-Escalona V. H.
Published: June 2019

Rhinoptera steindachneri is a commercially important, medium-sized, pelagic migratory batoid fish with benthic feeding habits. It has been considered a specialized predator that feeds on molluscs as well as benthic ophiurids and arthropods off the Mexican Pacific coast. Most biological aspects of this species in La Paz Bay are unknown, despite its being a commercially important species of conservation interest. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the feeding habits of R. steindachneri based on specimens caught in artisanal fisheries. The stomach contents of 310 specimens (146 females and 164 males) were analysed, all captured from 2013 to 2015. The vacuity index was 97.1%, and the most important prey species were Mysidium spp. and Cylichna spp. Because of the high frequency of empty stomachs recorded, it was not possible to describe with precision the general diet of the species. Three hypotheses were developed to try to explain why this characteristic occurred in this species, ranging from eating habits to physiology and prey digestion and geographic location of the study. However, considering the mechanical process of prey handling of R. steindachneri, several hypotheses were formulated, with the hour of capture, chemical processes and physiology and prey digestion being the most probable to explain this high vacuity index reported in this study.
Cognitive dualism, ontological dualism, and the question of God
Authors: Ellis Fiona
Published: June 2019

Cognitive dualism offers a defensible conception of theism, and Scruton is right to endorse it. However, he retains a commitment to the ontological dualism it is his purpose to reject, and this leads to a deep tension in his position which leaves him unable to make sense of there being a route to the Divine. I argue that this tension stems from a residual commitment to a Kantian framework, and that this framework is not mandatory. I propose an alternative model which is compatible with much of what Scruton says, but which offers a more consistent and satisfactory theistic picture.
The problem of evil: unseen animal suffering
Authors: MOLTO DANIEL
Published: June 2019

On my view, every bone, every fossil, and every putrid whiff of carrion that one smells on a hike in the country is just as good evidence for a divine intervention as it is for the suffering of an animal.
A comparative study of the Initial Neolithic chipped-stone assemblages of Ulucak and Uğurlu
Authors: Guilbeau Denis , Kayacan Nurcan , Altınbilek-Algül Çiler , Erdoğu Burçin , Çevik Özlem
Published: June 2019

This article focuses on the Initial Neolithic (ca 6850–6500 cal. BC) lithic assemblages of Ulucak and Uğurlu in the Aegean region of Turkey. Ulucak and Uğurlu are among the earliest Aegean Neolithic sites, and their lithic industries were managed with specific traditions and skills, quite different from what we know of the industry for other regions such as central Anatolia, Cyprus and the Levant, and even some other areas of the Aegean. This article presents the results of the study of the chipped-stone assemblages of Ulucak and Uğurlu, and aims to demonstrate how they contribute to wider theories about the Neolithisation of the Aegean.
Reassessing western and central Anatolian Early Bronze Age sealing practices: a case from Boz Höyük (Afyon)
Authors: Massa Michele , Tuna Yusuf
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a detailed investigation of an Early Bronze Age clay sealing from Boz Höyük, a settlement mound located along the Büyük Menderes valley (inland western Anatolia). The artefact, clearly local in manufacture, was employed as a stopper to seal a bottle/flask and impressed with two different stamp seals. These elements are compared to all other published contemporary sealings in western and central Anatolia, in order to understand the degree of complexity of sealing practices in the region. In turn, evidence of Early Bronze Age Anatolian sealing practices is discussed in relation to the available evidence regarding the degree of social complexity in local communities. It is suggested that, during the Early Bronze Age, sealings were employed for product branding rather than control over storage and redistribution of commodities, and only at the beginning of the second millennium BC did the region witness the introduction of complex administrative practices.
The collapse of empire at Gordion in the transition from the Achaemenid to the Hellenistic world
Authors: Dusinberre Elspeth R.M.
Published: June 2019

Gordion, ancient capital of Phrygia, was a large and thriving city of secondary importance during the period of the Achaemenid Persian Empire (ca 550–333 BC). Recent work makes possible a reconsideration of the site: evaluating its architecture, finds and use of landscape within and after the socio-economic and administrative context of the Achaemenid imperial system enables the following new overview. During the Achaemenid period, Gordion’s populace participated in the broad cultural exchanges enabled by the imperial system and may have emphasised animal husbandry. When Alexander’s conquest led to the collapse of the Achaemenid administrative infrastructure, the impact on Gordion’s economy and cultural circumstance was profound. Its population plummeted, the architectural and spatial organisation of the site changed dramatically and new directions and means of trade and cultural interaction developed. Gordion’s archaeological remains reflect and emphasise the tremendous historical and political changes attending the end of the Empire and the beginning of the Hellenistic period.
The development of the Church of St Mary at Ephesos from late antiquity to the Dark Ages
Authors: Karydis Nikolaos
Published: June 2019

The Church of St Mary is one of the most significant monuments of Ephesos, but also one of the most enigmatic. Its repeated modifications prior to its destruction created an amalgam of different phases that have proven difficult to decipher within the present remains. Written records and inscriptions suggest that this church was the venue of the riotous Ecumenical Council of AD 431, but the identification of the phase of the building that corresponds to this event is controversial. And, although the remains make it clear that at some point the church was transformed into a domed basilica, the latter’s form and date have not been established with certainty. The present article tries to fill these lacunae through a new survey of the remains of the church and a re-examination of the evidence from the archaeological excavations of the 20th century. This new investigation of wall structures and design patterns within the remains leads to new interpretations of the evidence, and sheds further light on the history of the Church of St Mary from its late antique origins to the Dark Ages.
Landscape, Monumentality and Expression of Group Identities in Iron Age and Roman East Kent
Authors: Wallace Lacey , Mullen Alex
Published: June 2019

The Canterbury Hinterland Project (CHP) has combined aerial photographic and LiDAR analysis, synthesis of HER and other data across east Kent with targeted survey south and east of Canterbury. We present possible hillforts, temples, large enclosures, a major trackway, linking paths, burials and high-status Roman-period complexes and argue that people organised the landscape to communicate meaning in two main ways: a ‘public’ face oriented towards the Dover–Canterbury road and expressions of ritual and remembrance for local groups. The character of this rural population has traditionally been understood in terms of its relationship to thecivitascapital and villas; we look beyond this to examine a more detailed vision of possible social interactions.
The conspicuous absence of the social, emotional and political aspects of frailty: the example of theWhite Book on Frailty
Authors: Grenier Amanda M.
Published: June 2019

Over the last 15 years, frailty has become a dominant discourse on late life. Taken-for-granted knowledge and practice can be seen in initiatives such as the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics’White Book on Frailty. This paper begins with an overview of key themes on frailty from the biomedical literature, followed by critical literature in the social sciences and humanities. It discusses the tensions within the biomedical field, frailty as a social construction and ‘social imaginary’, practices of frailty as historically linked to political systems of care, and frailty as an emotional and relational experience. It then draws on a critical discourse analysis to assess the 2016White Book on Frailty. Drawing on the idea of ‘significant absences’, the paper highlights the gaps that exist where the social and emotional understandings and political readings of frailty are concerned. The paper concludes by outlining the need to recognise the ‘politics of frailty’ including the power relations that are deeply embedded in the knowledge and practices surrounding frailty, and to incorporate older people's experience and ideas of vulnerability into research, policy and care practice.
Left arm structure and function late after subclavian flap repair of aortic coarctation in childhood
Authors: Dennis Mark R. , Cusick Anne , Borilovic Jacinta , Nicholson Calum , Derwin Tanya , Puranik Rajesh , Celermajer David S.
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

Concerns exist over the long-term consequences of subclavian artery ligation in subclavian flap repair for coarctation of the aorta. We sought to analyse upper limb structural and functional performance in adults who have had surgery in childhood for coarctation of the aorta, using either subclavian flap repair or end to end aortic anastomosis.

Methods:

Two-group observational design using anatomical and upper limb functional performance measures. Purposive sampling from our specialist adult congenital heart disease database of patients who received subclavian flap repair or end to end anastomosis for coarctation of the aorta as children. Upper limb measurements were completed using MRI and blood flow velocity with ultrasound imaging. Bilateral standardised upper limb functional testing of assessment of strength, dexterity and a standardised self-report of upper limb disability was completed.

Results:

Eighteen right-handed patients, 9 with subclavian repair, (38 ± 12 years, 78% males) were studied. Age at repair was 4.7 ± 5.9 years; mean time from initial repair 32 ± 9 years. The subclavian group had a larger difference between right and left when compared the end to end anastomosis group in: lower arm muscle mass (94.5 ± 42.3 mls versus 37.8 ± 94.5 mls, p = 0.008), lower arm maximal cross-sectional area, (5.9 ± 2.8 cm2 versus 2.9 ± 2.6 cm2, p = 0.038) and grip strength (14.7 ± 8.3 lbs versus 5.9 ± 5.3 lbs, p = 0.016) There were no significant functional differences between groups.

Conclusions:

In adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta, those with subclavian flap repair had a greater right to left arm muscle mass and grip strength differential when compared to those with end to end anastomosis repair.
The grammatical class effect is separable from the concreteness effect in language learning
Authors: Martin Katherine I. , Tokowicz Natasha
Published: June 2019

Typically concrete words are learned better than abstract words (Kaushanskaya & Rechtzigel, 2012), and nouns are learned better than verbs (Kauschke & Stenneken, 2008). However, most studies on concreteness have not manipulated grammatical class (and vice versa), leaving the relationship between the two unclear. Therefore, in two experiments we examined the effects of grammatical class and concreteness simultaneously in foreign language vocabulary learning. In Experiment 1, English speakers learned ‘foreign language’ words (English pseudowords) mapped to concrete and abstract nouns and verbs. In Experiment 2, English speakers learned German words with the same procedure. Overall, the typical advantages for concrete words and nouns were observed. Hierarchical regression analyses provided evidence that the grammatical class effect is separable from the concreteness effect. This result challenges a strict concreteness-based source of noun/verb differences. The results also suggest that the influences of concreteness and grammatical class may vary across language measures and tasks.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods decreases the quality of the overall diet of middle-aged Japanese adults
Authors: Koiwai Kaori , Takemi Yukari , Hayashi Fumi , Ogata Hiromitsu , Matsumoto Saika , Ozawa Keiko , Machado Priscila Pereira , Monteiro Carlos Augusto
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To estimate the consumption of ultra-processed foods and determine its association with dietary quality among middle-aged Japanese adults.

Design:

Cross-sectional study using data from the Saitama Prefecture Health and Nutrition Survey 2011. Dietary intake was assessed using one- or two-day dietary records. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were obtained via self-administered questionnaire. Food items were classified according to the NOVA system into four groups: unprocessed or minimally processed foods; processed culinary ingredients; processed foods; and ultra-processed foods. The dietary share of each NOVA food group and their subgroups was calculated in relation to total energy intake, and the average dietary content of key nutrients was determined across tertiles of the dietary energy share of ultra-processed foods (low, middle and high intake).

Setting:

Saitama Prefecture in Japan.

Participants:

Community-dwelling adults aged 30–59 years (256 men, 361 women).

Results:

Consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods and ultra-processed foods contributed 44·9 (se0·8) %, 5·5 (se0·2) %, 11·3 (se0·4) % and 38·2 (se0·9) % of total daily energy intake, respectively. A positive and statistically significant linear trend was found between the dietary share of ultra-processed foods (tertiles) and the dietary content of total and saturated fat, while an inverse relationship was observed for protein, vitamin K, vitamin B6, dietary fibre, magnesium, phosphorus and iron.

Conclusions:

Our findings show that higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with decreased dietary quality among Japanese adults.
Utilising virtual bolus in superficial planning target volume dose optimisation (TomoTherapy): a phantom study
Authors: Ooi Gim Chee , Bin Mustafa Iskandar Shahrim
Published: June 2019

Aim:

This is a phantom study to evaluate the dosimetry effects of using virtual bolus (VB) in TomoTherapy Treatment Planning System (TPS) optimisation for superficial planning target volume (PTV) that extends to the body surface. Without VB, the inverse-planning TPS will continuously boost the photon fluence at the surface of the superficial PTV due to lack of build-up region. VB is used during TPS optimisation only and will not be present in actual treatment delivery.

Materials and methods:

In this study, a dummy planning target was contoured on a cylindrical phantom which extends to the phantom surface, and VB of various combinations of thickness and density was used in treatment planning optimisation with TomoTherapy TPS. The plans were then delivered with the treatment modality TomoTherapy. Radiochromic films (Gafchromic EBT3) were calibrated and used for dose profiles measurements. TomoTherapy Planned-Adaptive software was used to analyse the delivered Dose-Volume Histograms (DVHs).

Results:

The use of 2 mm VB was not providing adequate build-up area and was unable to reduce the hot spots during treatment planning and actual delivery. The use of 4 mm VB was able to negate the photon fluence boosting effect by the TPS, and the actual delivery showed relatively small deviations from the treatment plan. The use of 6 mm VB caused significant dose overestimation by the TPS in the superficial regions resulting in insufficient dose coverage delivered.

Findings:

VB with the combination of 4 mm thickness and 1·0 g/cc density provides the most robust solution for the TomoTherapy TPS optimisation of superficial PTV.
An Ensemble Data Set of Sea Surface Temperature Change From 1850: The Met Office Hadley Centre HadSST.4.0.0.0 Data Set
Authors: Kennedy J. J. , Rayner N. A. , Atkinson C. P. , Killick R. E.
Published: June 2019

One of the largest sources of uncertainty in estimates of global temperature change is that associated with the correction of systematic errors in sea surface temperature (SST) measurements. Despite recent work to quantify and reduce these errors throughout the historical record, differences between analyses remain larger than can be explained by the estimated uncertainties. We revisited the method used to estimate systematic errors and their uncertainties in version 3 of the Met Office Hadley Centre SST data set, HadSST. Using comparisons with oceanographic temperature profiles, we make estimates of biases associated with engine room measurements and insulated buckets and constrain the ranges of two of the more uncertain parameters in the bias estimation: the timing of the transition from uninsulated to insulated buckets in the middle twentieth century and the estimated fractions of different measurement methods used. Here, we present HadSST.4.0.0.0, based on release 3.0.0 and 3.0.1 of the International Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set supplemented by drifting buoy measurements from the Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service. HadSST.4.0.0.0 comprises a 200‐member “ensemble” in which uncertain parameters in the SST bias scheme are varied to generate a range of adjustments. The evolution of global average SST in the new data set is similar to that in other SST data sets, and the difference between data sets is reduced during the middle twentieth century. However, the changes also highlight a discrepancy in the global‐average difference between adjusted SST and marine air temperature in the early 1990s and hence between HadSST.4.0.0.0 and, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration SST data set, ERSSTv5.
Natural Variability in Projections of Climate Change Impacts on Fine Particulate Matter Pollution
Authors: Pienkosz Bret D. , Saari Rebecca K. , Monier Erwan , Garcia‐Menendez Fernando
Published: June 2019

Variations in meteorology associated with climate change can impact fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution by affecting natural emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and pollutant transport. However, substantial discrepancies exist among model‐based projections of PM2.5 impacts driven by anthropogenic climate change. Natural variability can significantly contribute to the uncertainty in these estimates. Using a large ensemble of climate and atmospheric chemistry simulations, we evaluate the influence of natural variability on projections of climate change impacts on PM2.5 pollution in the United States. We find that natural variability in simulated PM2.5 can be comparable or larger than reported estimates of anthropogenic‐induced climate impacts. Relative to mean concentrations, the variability in projected PM2.5 climate impacts can also exceed that of ozone impacts. Based on our projections, we recommend that analyses aiming to isolate the effect climate change on PM2.5 use 10 years or more of modeling to capture the internal variability in air quality and increase confidence that the anthropogenic‐forced effect is differentiated from the noise introduced by natural variability. Projections at a regional scale or under greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios can require additional modeling to attribute impacts to climate change. Adequately considering natural variability can be an important step toward explaining the inconsistencies in estimates of climate‐induced impacts on PM2.5. Improved treatment of natural variability through extended modeling lengths or initial condition ensembles can reduce uncertainty in air quality projections and improve assessments of climate policy risks and benefits.
The Tides They Are a-Changing
Authors: den Hond Bas
Published: June 2019

The twice-daily ebb and flow of the sea have the power to change the planet. Weak tides could have allowed Earth to freeze over, and strong tides may have given vertebrates a leg up on land.
Banned CFC Emissions Tracked to Eastern China
Authors: Morton Mary
Published: June 2019

A new study indicates that better atmospheric monitoring networks are needed to enforce the Montreal Protocol.
Evaluating a Moist Isentropic Framework for Poleward Moisture Transport: Implications for Water Isotopes Over Antarctica
Authors: Bailey Adriana , Singh Hansi K. A. , Nusbaumer Jesse
Published: June 2019

The ability to identify moisture source regions and sinks and to model the transport pathways that link them in simple yet physical ways is critical for understanding climate today and in the past. Using water tagging and isotopic tracer experiments in the Community Earth System Model, this work shows that poleward moisture transport largely follows surfaces of constant moist entropy. The analysis not only provides insight into why distinct zonal bands supply moisture to high‐ and low‐elevation polar sites but also explains why changes in these source regions are inherently linked to changes in temperature and rainout. Moreover, because the geometry, and specifically length, of the moist isentropic surfaces describes how much integrated rainout occurs, the analysis provides a physical framework for interpreting the isotopic composition of water in poleward‐moving air, thus indicating how variations in moisture transport might influence Antarctic ice cores.
Automatically Finding Ship Tracks to Enable Large‐Scale Analysis of Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions
Authors: Yuan Tianle , Wang Chenxi , Song Hua , Platnick Steven , Meyer Kerry , Oreopoulos Lazaros
Published: June 2019

Ship tracks appear as long winding linear features in satellite images and are produced by aerosols from ship exhausts changing low cloud properties. They are one of the best examples of aerosol‐cloud interaction experiments. However, manually finding ship tracks from satellite data on a large scale is prohibitively costly while a large number of samples are required to improve our understanding. Here we train a deep neural network to automate finding ship tracks. The neural network model generalizes well as it not only finds ship tracks labeled by human experts but also detects those that are occasionally missed by humans. It finds more ship tracks than all previous studies combined and produces a map of ship track distributions off the California coast that matches well with known shipping traffic. Our technique will enable studying aerosol effects on low clouds using ship tracks on a large scale, which will potentially narrow the uncertainty of the aerosol‐cloud interactions.
Manufacturing of 3D multifunctional microelectronic devices: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Guo Xiaogang , Xue Zhaoguo , Zhang Yihui
Published: June 2019

Sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) forms are expected to be one of the significant development trends in next-generation microelectronics because of their capabilities of rendering substantially enhanced performances, a high degree of integration, and novel functionalities. To date, a diversity of manufacturing methods has been developed for 3D microelectronic devices with different structural and functional features. Most of these methods fall into two categories, i.e., micromanufacturing technologies and mechanically guided 3D assembly approaches. From this perspective, we review the different manufacturing methods and their specific features as well as their limitations. At present, there is still no universal method that can deterministically form 3D microelectronic devices with very high geometric complexity and nanoscale precision. We offer an outlook on future developments in the manufacturing of 3D multifunctional microelectronics devices and provide some perspectives on the remaining challenges as well as possible solutions. Mechanically guided 3D assembly based on compressive buckling is proposed as a versatile platform that can be merged with micromanufacturing technologies and/or other assembly methods to provide access to microelectronic devices with more types of integrated functions and highly increased densities of functional components.
A novel ABCC6 variant causative of pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Authors: Contrò Gianluca , Tallerico Rossana , Dattilo Vincenzo , Fabiani Fernanda , Enzo Maria Vittoria , Hladnik Uros , Dastoli Stefano , Nisticò Steven Paul , Colao Emma , Perrotti Nicola , Iuliano Rodolfo
Published: June 2019

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is an autosomal recessive heritable disorder caused by mutations in ABCC6. We describe two siblings showing typical skin lesions and a clinical diagnosis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Genetic analysis of ABCC6 revealed a novel homozygous c.4041G > A variant located in the last position of exon 28 that compromises the splicing donor site, resulting in a shorter messenger RNA. The deletion impairs the nucleotide-binding fold region, which is crucial for ABCC6 function.
Programmable terahertz chip-scale sensing interface with direct digital reconfiguration at sub-wavelength scales
Authors: Wu Xue , Lu Huaixi , Sengupta Kaushik
Published: June 2019

The ability to sense terahertz waves in a chip-scale technology operable at room temperature has potential for transformative applications in chemical sensing, biomedical imaging, spectroscopy and security. However, terahertz sensors are typically limited in their responsivity to a narrow slice of the incident field properties including frequency, angle of incidence and polarization. Sensor fusions across these field properties can revolutionize THz sensing allowing robustness, versatility and real-time imaging. Here, we present an approach that incorporates frequency, pattern and polarization programmability into a miniaturized chip-scale THz sensor. Through direct programming of a continuous electromagnetic interface at deep subwavelength scales, we demonstrate the ability to program the sensor across the spectrum (0.1–1.0 THz), angle of incidence and polarization simultaneously in a single chip implemented in an industry standard 65-nm CMOS process. The methodology is compatible with other technology substrates that can allow extension of such programmability into other spectral regions.
Targeting enhancer switching overcomes non-genetic drug resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Bell Charles C. , Fennell Katie A. , Chan Yih-Chih , Rambow Florian , Yeung Miriam M. , Vassiliadis Dane , Lara Luis , Yeh Paul , Martelotto Luciano G. , Rogiers Aljosja , Kremer Brandon E. , Barbash Olena , Mohammad Helai P. , Johanson Timothy M. , Burr Marian L. , Dhar Arindam , Karpinich Natalie , Tian Luyi , Tyler Dean S. , MacPherson Laura , Shi Junwei , Pinnawala Nathan , Yew Fong Chun , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Grimmond Sean M. , Dawson Sarah-Jane , Allan Rhys S. , Kruger Ryan G. , Vakoc Christopher R. , Goode David L. , Naik Shalin H. , Gilan Omer , Lam Enid Y. N. , Marine Jean-Christophe , Prinjha Rab K. , Dawson Mark A.
Published: June 2019

Non-genetic drug resistance is increasingly recognised in various cancers. Molecular insights into this process are lacking and it is unknown whether stable non-genetic resistance can be overcome. Using single cell RNA-sequencing of paired drug naïve and resistant AML patient samples and cellular barcoding in a unique mouse model of non-genetic resistance, here we demonstrate that transcriptional plasticity drives stable epigenetic resistance. With a CRISPR-Cas9 screen we identify regulators of enhancer function as important modulators of the resistant cell state. We show that inhibition of Lsd1 (Kdm1a) is able to overcome stable epigenetic resistance by facilitating the binding of the pioneer factor, Pu.1 and cofactor, Irf8, to nucleate new enhancers that regulate the expression of key survival genes. This enhancer switching results in the re-distribution of transcriptional co-activators, including Brd4, and provides the opportunity to disable their activity and overcome epigenetic resistance. Together these findings highlight key principles to help counteract non-genetic drug resistance.
Synergetic iridium and amine catalysis enables asymmetric [4+2] cycloadditions of vinyl aminoalcohols with carbonyls
Authors: Zhang Mao-Mao , Wang Ya-Ni , Wang Bao-Cheng , Chen Xiao-Wang , Lu Liang-Qiu , Xiao Wen-Jing
Published: June 2019

Catalytic asymmetric cycloadditions via transition-metal-containing dipolar intermediates are a powerful tool for synthesizing chiral heterocycles. However, within the field of palladium catalysis, compared with the well-developed normal electron-demand cycloadditions with electrophilic dipolarophiles, a general strategy for inverse electron-demand ones with nucleophilic dipolarophiles remains elusive, due to the inherent linear selectivity in the key palladium-catalyzed intermolecular allylations. Herein, based on the switched regioselectivity of iridium-catalyzed allylations, we achieved two asymmetric [4+2] cycloadditions of vinyl aminoalcohols with aldehydes and β,γ-unsaturated ketones through synergetic iridium and amine catalysis. The activation of vinyl aminoalcohols by iridium catalysts and carbonyls by amine catalysts provide a foundation for the subsequent asymmetric [4+2] cycloadditions of the resulting iridium-containing 1,4-dipoles and (di)enamine dipolarophiles. The former provides a straightforward route to a diverse set of enantio-enriched hydroquinolines bearing chiral quaternary stereocenters, and the later represent an enantio- and diastereodivergent synthesis of chiral hydroquinolines.
Atomic-scale perturbation of oxygen octahedra via surface ion exchange in perovskite nickelates boosts water oxidation
Authors: Bak Jumi , Bin Bae Hyung , Chung Sung-Yoon
Published: June 2019

A substantial amount of interest has been focused on ABO3-type perovskite oxides over the past decade as oxygen electrocatalysts. Despite many studies on various compositions, the correlation between the structure of the oxygen octahedra and electrocatalytic property has been overlooked, and there accordingly have been a very limited number of attempts regarding control of atomistic structure. Utilizing epitaxial LnNiO3 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) thin films, here we demonstrate that simple electrochemical exchange of Fe in the surface region with several-unit-cell thickness is notably effective to boost the catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction by different orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we directly establish that strong distortion of oxygen octahedra at the angstrom scale is readily induced during the Fe exchange, and that this structural perturbation permits easier charge transfer. The findings suggest that structural alteration can be an efficient approach to achieve exceptional electrocatalysis in crystalline oxides.
Whole genome resequencing data for three rockfish species of Sebastes
Authors: Xu Shengyong , Zhao Linlin , Xiao Shijun , Gao Tianxiang
Published: June 2019

Here we report Illumina-based whole genome sequencing of three rockfish species ofSebastesin northwest Pacific. The whole genomic DNA was used to prepare 350-bp pair-end libraries and the high-throughput sequencing yielded 128.5, 137.5, and 124.8 million mapped reads corresponding to 38.54, 41.26, and 37.43 Gb sequence data forS. schlegelii,S. koreanus, andS. nudus, respectively. The k-mer analyses revealed genome sizes were 846.4, 832.5, and 813.1 Mb and the sequencing coverages were 45×, 49×, and 46× for three rockfish, respectively. Comparative genomic analyses identified 46,624 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed closer relationships of the three species, compared to other six rockfish species. Demographic analysis identified contrasting changes betweenS. schlegeliiand other two species, suggesting drastically different response to climate changes. The reported genome data in this study are valuable for further studies on comparative genomics and evolutionary biology of rockfish species.
Manganese oxide synthesized from spent Zn-C battery for supercapacitor electrode application
Authors: Farzana Rifat , Hassan Kamrul , Sahajwalla Veena
Published: June 2019

Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanomaterials have promising potential to be used as supercapacitor electrode materials due to its high energy storage performance and environmental compatibility. Besides, every year huge volume of waste batteries including Zn-C battery ends up in landfill, which aggravates the burden of waste disposal in landfill and creates environmental and health threat. Thus, transformation of waste battery back into energy application, is of great significance for sustainable strategies. Compared with complex chemical routes which mostly apply toxic acids to recover materials from Zn-C battery, this study establishes the recovery of Mn3O4 particles via thermal route within 900 °C under controlled atmosphere. Synthesized Mn3O4 were confirmed by XRD, EDS, FTIR, XPS and Raman analysis and FESEM micrographs confirmed the coexistence of spherical and cubic Mn3O4 particles. Mn3O4 electrode derived from waste Zn-C battery demonstrate compatible electrochemical performance with standard materials and conventional synthesis techniques. Mn3O4 electrode exhibited highest capacitance value of 125 Fg−1 at 5 mVs−1 scan rate. The stability of the electrode showed good retention in discharge and charge capacity by about 80% after 2100 cycles. This study demonstrates that waste Zn-C battery can be further utilized for energy storage application, providing sustainable and economic benefits.
Turing Patterns of Non-linear S-I Model on Random and Real-Structure Networks with Diarrhea Data
Authors: Putra Prama Setia , Susanto Hadi , Nuraini Nuning
Published: June 2019

Most developed models for solving problems in epidemiology use deterministic approach. To cover the lack of spatial sense in the method, one uses statistical modeling, reaction-diffusion in continuous medium, or multi-patch model to depict epidemic activities in several connected locations. Here, we show that an epidemic model that is set as an organized system on networks can yield Turing patterns and other interesting behaviors that are sensitive to the initial conditions. The formed patterns can be used to determine the epidemic arrival time, its first peak occurrence and the peak duration. These epidemic quantities are beneficial to identify contribution of a disease source node to the others. Using a real structure network, the system also exhibits a comparable disease spread pattern of Diarrhea in Jakarta.
Intelligently chosen interventions have potential to outperform the diode bridge in power conditioning
Authors: Liu Feiyang , Zhang Yulong , Dahlsten Oscar , Wang Fei
Published: June 2019

We probe the potential for intelligent intervention to enhance the power output of energy harvesters. We investigate general principles and a case study: a bi-resonant piezo electric harvester. We consider intelligent interventions via pre-programmed reversible energy-conserving operations. These include voltage bias flips and voltage phase shifts. These can be used to rectify voltages and to remove destructive interference. We choose the intervention type based on past data, using machine learning techniques. We find that in important parameter regimes the resulting interventions can outperform diode-based intervention, which in contrast has a fundamental minimum power dissipation bound.
Preparation of a magnetic graphene/polydopamine nanocomposite for magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction of benzoylurea insecticides in environmental water samples
Authors: Huang Xiaodong , Qiao Kexin , Li Lingyun , Liu Guangyang , Xu Xiaomin , Lu Runhua , Gao Haixiang , Xu Donghui
Published: June 2019

A magnetic graphene/polydopamine (MG/PDA) nanocomposite has been prepared and used as sorbent for magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) of four benzoylurea insecticides in environmental water samples. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, powder X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface area and porosity analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. To investigate the adsorption performance of MG/PDA for target analytes, various parameters affecting the MG/PDA-based MDSPE procedure were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the established method exhibits good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9988) in the concentration range 2.5–500 µg L−1. A low limit of detection (0.75 µg L−1, signal/noise = 3:1), a low limit of quantification (2.50 µg L−1, signal/noise = 10:1), and good precision (intraday relative standard deviation ≤3.6%, interday relative standard deviation ≤4.5%) are also achieved. Finally, the simple, fast, and sensitive sample preparation technique was successfully used to determine benzoylurea insecticides in environmental water samples.
Lossy mode resonance sensors based on lateral light incidence in nanocoated planar waveguides
Authors: Fuentes Omar , Del Villar Ignacio , Corres Jesus M. , Matias Ignacio R.
Published: June 2019

The deposition of an indium oxide (In2O3) thin film on conventional planar waveguides (a coverslip and a glass slide) allows generating lossy mode resonances (LMR) by lateral incidence of light on the waveguide and by registering the optical spectrum in a spectrometer. This novel sensing system becomes an alternative to optical fibre, the substrate where LMR-based sensors have been developed so far, since it is easier to handle and more robust. An additional advantage is that cost effective waveguides, such as slides or coverslips, can be used in a platform that resembles surface plasmon resonance-based sensors in the Kretschmann configuration but without the need for a coupling prism and with the advantage of being able to generate TE and TM LMR resonances with metallic oxide or polymer thin films. The results are corroborated with simulations, which provide in-depth understanding of the phenomena involved in the sensing system. As a proof-of-concept for the optical platform, two refractometers were developed, one with low sensitivity and for a wide range of refractive indices, and the other with higher sensitivity but for a narrower refractive index range. The sensors presented here open up the path for the development of LMR-based chemical sensors, environmental sensors, biosensors, or even the generation of other optical phenomena with the deposition of multilayer structures, gratings or nanostructures, which is much easier in a planar waveguide than in an optical fibre.
Frequency of the CYP2C19*17 polymorphism in a Chilean population and its effect on voriconazole plasma concentration in immunocompromised children
Authors: Espinoza N. , Galdames J. , Navea D. , Farfán M. J. , Salas C.
Published: June 2019

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. Voriconazole is the first-line antifungal choice in the treatment of IFIs like aspergillosis. Voriconazole pharmacokinetics vary widely among patients and voriconazole is metabolized mainly in the liver by the CYP2C19 enzyme, which is highly polymorphic. The CYP2C19*17 allele is characterized by the presence of four single nucleotide polymorphisms expressing an ultra-rapid enzyme phenotype with an accelerated voriconazole metabolism, is associated with low (sub-therapeutic) plasma levels in patients treated with the standard dose. Considering that in our center a high percentage of children have sub-therapeutic levels of voriconazole when treated with standard doses, we sought to determine the frequency of the CYP2C19*17 polymorphism (rs12248560) in a Chilean population and determine the association between voriconazole concentrations and the rs12248560 variant in immunocompromised children. First, we evaluated the frequency of the rs12248560 variant in a group of 232 healthy Chilean children, and we found that 180 children (77.6%) were non-carriers of the rs12248560 variant, 49 children (21.1%) were heterozygous carriers for rs12248560 variant and only 3 children (1.3%) were homozygous carriers for rs12248560 variant, obtaining an allelic frequency of 12% for variant in a Chilean population. To determine the association between voriconazole concentrations and the rs12248560 variant, we analyzed voriconazole plasma concentrations in a second group of 33 children treated with voriconazole. In these patients, carriers of the rs12248560 variant presented significantly lower voriconazole plasma concentrations than non-carriers (p = 0,011). In this study, we show the presence of the rs12248560 variant in a Chilean population and its accelerating effect on the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in pediatric patients. From these data, it would be advisable to consider the variant of the patient prior to calculating the dosage of voriconazole.
Xylella fastidiosa: climate suitability of European continent
Authors: Godefroid Martin , Cruaud Astrid , Streito Jean-Claude , Rasplus Jean-Yves , Rossi Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2019

The bacteriumXylella fastidiosa (Xf)is a plant endophyte native to the Americas that causes diseases in many crops of economic importance (grapevine,Citrus, Olive trees etc).Xfhas been recently detected in several regions outside of its native range including Europe where little is known about its potential geographical expansion. We collected data documenting the native and invaded ranges of theXfsubspeciesfastidiosa,paucaand multiplex and fitted bioclimatic species distribution models (SDMs) to assess the potential climate suitability of European continent for those pathogens. According to model predictions, the currently reported distribution ofXfin Europe is small compared to the large extent of climatically suitable areas. The regions at high risk encompass the Mediterranean coastal areas of Spain, Greece, Italy and France, the Atlantic coastal areas of France, Portugal and Spain as well as the southwestern regions of Spain and lowlands in southern Italy. The extent of predicted climatically suitable conditions for the different subspecies are contrasted. The subspeciesmultiplex, and to a certain extent the subspeciesfastidiosa, represent a threat to most of Europe while the climatically suitable areas for the subspeciespaucaare mostly limited to the Mediterranean basin. These results provide crucial information for the design of a spatially informed European-scale integrated management strategy, including early detection surveys in plants and insect vectors and quarantine measures.
Effect of heritable symbionts on maternally-derived embryo transcripts
Authors: Mateos Mariana , Silva Nadisha O. , Ramirez Paulino , Higareda-Alvear Victor M. , Aramayo Rodolfo , Erickson James W.
Published: June 2019

Maternally-transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria are ubiquitous in insects. Among other influential phenotypes, many heritable symbionts of arthropods are notorious for manipulating host reproduction through one of four reproductive syndromes, which are generally exerted during early developmental stages of the host: male feminization; parthenogenesis induction; male killing; and cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Major advances have been achieved in understanding mechanisms and identifying symbiont factors involved in reproductive manipulation, particularly male killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility. Nonetheless, whether cytoplasmically-transmitted bacteria influence the maternally-loaded components of the egg or early embryo has not been examined. In the present study, we investigated whether heritable endosymbionts that cause different reproductive phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster influence the mRNA transcriptome of early embryos. We used mRNA-seq to evaluate differential expression in Drosophila embryos lacking endosymbionts (control) to those harbouring the male-killing Spiroplasma poulsonii strain MSRO-Br, the CI-inducing Wolbachia strain wMel, or Spiroplasma poulsonii strain Hyd1; a strain that lacks a reproductive phenotype and is naturally associated with Drosophila hydei. We found no consistent evidence of influence of symbiont on mRNA composition of early embryos, suggesting that the reproductive manipulation mechanism does not involve alteration of maternally-loaded transcripts. In addition, we capitalized on several available mRNA-seq datasets derived from Spiroplasma-infected Drosophila melanogaster embryos, to search for signals of depurination of rRNA, consistent with the activity of Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) encoded by Spiroplasma poulsonii. We found small but statistically significant signals of depurination of Drosophila rRNA in the Spiroplasma treatments (both strains), but not in the symbiont-free control or Wolbachia treatment, consistent with the action of RIPs. The depurination signal was slightly stronger in the treatment with the male-killing strain. This result supports a recent report that RIP-induced damage contributes to male embryo death.