bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil obstétrico de gestantes atendidas em pré-natal em Centro de Saúde da Família.
Authors: Silva Leonardo Sales Ribeiro , Cavalcante Ana Neiline , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora Silva
Published: September 2020

Objetivou-se traçar o perfil obstétrico de gestantes assistidas em um Centro de Saúde da Família no município de Sobral/CE. Trata-se de uma pesquisa retrospectiva, quantitativa e descritiva, tendo como fonte de dados os prontuários de gestantes atendidas nos anos de 2016 e 2017. Foi analisado um total de 64 prontuários sendo coletada a faixa etária materna, o tipo de parto, o número de consultas pré-natal realizadas pela gestante, duração da gestação (em semanas), nível de escolaridade e estado civil. Os resultados revelam que a menor idade registrada foi de 12 anos, tendo o maior percentual na faixa dos 20 aos 30 anos. No nível de escolaridade das gestantes, o valor predominante do grau de instrução foi no nível médio (71,87%). Percebe-se no resultado referente ao estado civil das gestantes que os maiores percentuais estiveram entre o estado civil casada (42,18%) e união estável (35,93%). Em relação ao tipo de parto pode-se constatar que o parto Cesário esteve bem presente com 62,5%. Sobre o número de consultas pré-natal a maioria realizou 07 ou mais consultas (84,3%). Para a duração da gestação a maioria (71,9%) esteve entre 37 a 41 semanas, sendo considerada a termo. O perfil das gestantes atendidas no Centro de Saúde da Família do bairro Dom Expedito Lopes é de mulheres jovens, com baixa escolaridade, casadas e submetidas a parto cesáreo. Essas informações mostram a importância de campanhas educativas de orientação e convencimento, quanto as vantagens do parto normal.
Eletroestimulação para bexiga neurogênica em pacientes com lesão medular: revisão sistemática
Authors: Schmoeller Mônica , Tavares Karina De Souza , Carneiro Nunes Erica Feio , Latorre Gustavo Fernando Sutter
Published: September 2020

Introdução: A lesão medular produz sequelas sobre a função urinária, e para estas existem poucas opções terapêuticas, dentre as quais a eletroestimulação vem emergindo como técnica promissora. Objetivo: investigar as possibilidades de tratamento das sequelas sobre a função urinária de pacientes com lesão medular por eletroestimulação. Método: Revisão eletrônica das bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs e PEDro, buscando ensaios clínicos no período de 1980 a fevereiro de 2019, que trataram a bexiga neurogênica em indivíduos com lesão medular utilizando estimulação elétrica transcutânea ou intravesical. Resultados: Apenas cinco estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os parâmetros de eletroestimulação variaram enormemente, a boa parte dos estudos não alcançou significância estatística, mas de um modo geral apontaram uma tendência de que o tratamento melhorou os parâmetros urodinâmicos dos lesados medulares. Conclusões: são necessários mais estudos clínicos para o conhecimento dos parâmetros de eletroestimulação e dos efeitos da eletroestimulação sobre as estruturas do sistema urinário de lesados medulares.
Nigeria at the Cross-Roads - Can the “Giant of Africa” Overcome Her Social, Political and Economic Challenges?
Authors: Neszmélyi György
Published: September 2020

The paper, beyond a comprehensive geographical, social and economic introduction of the most populous country of Africa, attempts to provide an insight to those challenges and problems which Nigeria faces nowadays. Beyond the rapid growth of the population, another main factor is the exploitation and export of crude oil which has been providing Nigeria with “easy cash” for the recent few decades. Another point is that agricultural holdings are small and scattered, and farming is carried out with simple tools and techniques. Modern and large-scale farms are not common as well as the manufacturing industry is also lagging. The political leadership and the economic decision makers of the country have already recognized the necessity of re-structuring the economy, the development of the food and agricultural sector and the manufacturing industry. All these are of key importance in order to stop frictions and tensions among the various ethnic and religious groups of the Nigerians and further develop their peaceful and long-run co-existence in the country. The study also talks about the desired ways and those measures which the former or incumbent Nigerian leadership has already made in order to find appropriate answers to the challenges. A brief overview from theEuropean point of view makes the analysis, which was prepared on the basis of mainly secondary and partially primary research, complete.
Prospects for Social and Economic Development of Krasnodar Krai in the Context of National Transport Infrastructural Projects
Authors: Patrakeeva Olga
Published: September 2020

The discrepancy between the pace of economic growth rates, needs of enterprises and population for transportation, quality of the road network is a significant infrastructural limitation for growth. The paper is devoted to the analysis of large scale investment projects aimed at the removal of infrastructural restrictions, i.e. the national project “Secure and High-Quality Roads” and “Comprehensive Plan for the Modernization and Expansion of Main Infrastructure”. It is noted that the project “Secure and High-Quality Roads” for Krasnodar Krai will become a prerequisite for the effectiveness of transport infrastructure. “Comprehensive Plan for the Modernization and Expansion of the Main Infrastructure” including such federal projects as “Europe – Western China”, “Sea Ports of Russia”, “Northern Sea Route”, “Railway Transport and Transit”, “Transport and Logistics Centers”, “Communications Between the Centers of Economic Growth”, “Development of Regional Airports and Routes”, “High-Speed Rail Links”, “Inland Waterways” will increase the investment activity in the transport sector of the region. The paper presents the results of statistical analysis aimed at the identification of significant economic effect from capital investments in the road infrastructure of Krasnodar Krai. It is revealed that investments into transport and communications stimulate the economic growth and also reduce the accident rate on highways in the long run. In addition, the increase in the density of paved public roads stimulates the passenger turnover in the short run and is also a significant factor in the reduction of the accident rate. The downward trend of paved roads in the total length of roads indicates the necessity to invest in the improvement of the quality of existing roads. The author emphasizes that in order to achieve the goals mentioned in the infrastructural projects under analysis, it is necessary to improve the monitoring system of content and development of the infrastructural frame of the territory, evaluate the effectiveness of administrative decisions for the accomplishment of the goals indicated in the infrastructural projects under analysis.
Development of Agricultural Insurance of Crop Production in Regions of Southern Russia
Authors: Shkarupa Ekaterina , Anikina Irina
Published: September 2020

State-supported agricultural insurance is a financial policy imperative in agricultural development. The purpose of the article is to study the current state of the development of agricultural insurance of crop production carried out with the state support of the regions of Southern Russia in order to determine the possibilities of expansion of its scope and increase of its accessibility. It was concluded that there had been significant changes in the market during the period under review. The article presents the analysis of agricultural insurance on the example of crop production carried out with the state support of Southern Russian regions. After 2014 there was a decrease in the activity in agricultural insurance both by insurers and insured. The dominant reason for a considerable drop in insurance in crop production has been the transformation of forms of state support for agricultural producers since 2017. It is the transfer to a “single subsidy”, which included all types of industry support costs that lead to the inability to pay crop insurance premiums in many regions, in particular South Russia. It should be noted that since 2016 there has been a decrease in the number of insurance copmpanies that have carried out insurance with state support. This was a result of the tightening of control over insurers by the Bank of Russia and the emergence of a mandatory requirement of membership in the National Union of Agricultural Insurers to those insurance companies that insured producers with government support. Thus, the changes of the terms of insurance subsidies became a threat to this form of support. Recently, there has been some modification of this form of support for the industry, and the task of the state is to consolidate this trend. The study concluded that the attraction of more insurance companies to regional markets, involvement of representatives of medium and small businesses in the agricultural risk insurance system, increased flexibility of insurance conditions with state support and improved quality of insurance payment procedures, possibility to independently determine the increasing factor for arable lands, compensatory subsidies written into agricultural crop insurance contracts will facilitate the access to this measure and expansion of this form of support.
COVID-19 and medical education in a Brazilian medical school: how to deal with the current complex problems happening in the world? “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade”
Authors: Cury Patricia , Pacca Felipe Colombelli , Miranda Sandrine da Silva , Ishii Andreia Etsuko , Marques Norma Barbosa Novaes , Anbar Neto Toufic
Published: September 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The COVID global pandemia affected all the medical educational system. In Brazil, less than one month after the first case detected, the government confirmed the existence of sustained community transmission of the virus in the country and social distance was imposed, closing all Universities. Virtual learning, through technological advancements and its multiple resources, has been considered as an alternative to mitigate such impact, but it is also possible to develop other skills and medical competencies such as empathy, finitude, ethics and other questions related to the moment in the future doctor. Finally, is important to take care of mental health of those who work in the medical profession, reinforcing the care and the need to teach academics coping strategies to face stressful situations.
The Physiology of Teaching: Getting the Balance right
Authors: Brand Gabrielle
Published: September 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Using three human body systems as a metaphor, this paper will discuss how the art of teaching, including the conditions in which students thrive can remedy longstanding curriculum diseases. Based on the concept of a living curriculum, the importance of curiosity, exposing vulnerability, social and collaborative learning, communication and reflective learning processes in transforming teaching and inspiring learning will be explored.
Clave de identificación por ecolocación de 20 especies de murciélagos del suroeste de Perú
Authors: Ugarte-Núñez Joaquín
Published: September 2020

Se presenta una clave de identificación por ecolocación y la descripción de los parámetros acústicos de 20 especies de murciélagos que ocupan hábitats similares de las regiones desérticas de la costa del Pacífico y vertientes occidentales de los Andes del sur del Perú (departamentos de Arequipa, Moquegua y Tacna).
La clave incluye la distribución de las especies en los principales hábitats y en los tres departamentos. Los parámetros de los llamados y la clave, incluyen aspectos relacionados a su caracterización que permiten una fácil identificación en campo, como en gabinete. Se incluye un esquema a escala de los espectrogramas de los llamados de búsqueda. Se agrupa a las especies sobre la base de sus características taxonómicas, bioacústicas y de uso del hábitat de forrajeo.
Esta clave será de ayuda para desarrollar acciones de monitoreo de la actividad, distribución y ecología para las 20 especies, o enfocar esfuerzos hacia las especies de distribución restringida (Lasiurus arequipae y Eumops chiribaya), los nuevos registros para esta región (Artibeus fraterculus y Eumops perotis), y aquellas amenazadas o raras (Tomopeas ravus, Myotis atacamensis, Amorphochilus schnablii, Mormopterus kalinowskii y Platalina genovensium).
Diferença: objetificação e aceleração.
Authors: Machado I. J. R.
Published: September 2020

Nesse texto apresento uma discussão sobre como certos conceitos utilizados para pensar a diferença, como Cultura, Etnicidade e Identidade, produzem o que chamo de “objetificação”, ou seja, a tendência a transformar o conceito em coisa. Proponho também uma alternativa para evitar a objetificação, que chamo de “aceleração”.
Evaluation of epoxy modification in asphalt mastic
Authors: Apostolidis Panos , Liu Xueyan , Marocho Paul , van de Ven Martin , Erkens Sandra , Skarpas Tom
Published: September 2020

In-depth understanding of the synergetic effect between the various incorporating constituents in asphalt binders (e.g., polymers, fillers) is needed to design durable paving materials with desired properties. In this research, the focus was first on the effect of the reactivity of fillers on the evolution of adhesive strength between stone aggregates and epoxy modified asphalt mastics during the epoxy polymerization. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed on different combinations of fillers and binders with and without the epoxy-based polymer, and at different modification levels. Based on the results of the tensile tests, the increase of the adhesive strength of mastic with aggregates was generally lower when reactive filler particles (i.e., hydrated lime) were added than of epoxy binders with non-reactive filler. In other words, the non-reactive fillers did not influence the adhesion process and were thus selected for the next step studies on aging. The chemo-mechanical changes of epoxy modified asphalt mastics were analysed after pressure aging vessel and oven-conditioning after various aging times by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic shear rheometer. Less sulfoxides formed and higher modulus levels were measured with increasing the epoxy polymer in mastics over oven- and PAV-aging conditions. Due to the pressure difference, the rate of modulus increases and phase angle decrease was higher when the materials were conditioned in PAV than in oven.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Academic and Athletic Identities of Student-Athletes
Authors: Steele Andrea , Van Rens Fleur , Ashley Rebecca
Published: September 2020

Academic and athletic identities are related to performance and wellbeing indicators in both the educational and sport domains, respectively. This paper presents a systematic literature review examining empirical research into the academic and athletic identities of student-athletes in dual (education and sport) careers. The 42 records identified in this review suggest that research on the academic and athletic identities of student-athletes has focused on the themes of: identity development, role conflict, career development and motivation, and student-athlete stereotypes. Future research directions are considered, including the need for mixed-methods and longitudinal assessments of academic and athletic identities to assess to dynamic nature of identity development, and to ascertain how these relate to future performance and wellbeing outcomes.
Postoperative respiratory depression after hysterectomy
Authors: L. Laporta Mariana , O. Kinney Michelle , R. Schroeder Darrell , Sprung Juraj , Weingarten Toby N.
Published: September 2020

To investigate if sex-specific physiologic characteristics could impact postoperative respiratory depression risks in women, we studied incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory depression in a gynecologic surgical cohort. Only hysterectomies performed under general anesthesia from 2012 to 2017 were included to minimize interprocedural variability. Respiratory depression was defined as episodes of apnea, hypopnea, hypoxemia, pain-sedation mismatch, unplanned positive airway pressure device application, or naloxone administration in the post-anesthesia care unit. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association with clinical characteristics. From 1,974 hysterectomies, 253 had postoperative respiratory depression, yielding an incidence of 128 (95% confidence interval, 114–144) per 1,000 surgeries. Risk factors associated with respiratory depression were older age (odds ratio 1.22 [95% confidence interval 1.02–1.46] per decade increase, p = 0.03), lower body weight (0.77 [0.62–0.94] per 10 kg/m2, p = 0.01), and higher intraoperative opioid dose (1.05 [1.01–1.09] per 10 mg oral morphine equivalents, p = 0.01); while sugammadex use was associated with a reduced risk (0.48 [0.30–0.75], p = 0.002). Respiratory depression was not associated with increased hospital stay, postoperative complications, or mortality. Postoperative respiratory depression risk in women increased with age, lower weight, and higher intraoperative opioids and decreased with sugammadex use; however, it was not associated with postoperative pulmonary complications.
Burdur kenti açık-yeşil alan potansiyelinin belirlenmesi
Authors: ULU AKŞİT Altunay , YÜCEDAĞ Cengiz , KAYA Latif Gürkan , AŞIKKUTLU Hüseyin Samet
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Burdur kenti açık-yeşil alanlarının mevcut durumunu incelemek, yeterlilikleri ve işlevsel niteliklerini tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla, açık-yeşil alanlardan meydanlar, parklar, çocuk oyun alanları, spor alanları, okul bahçeleri, resmi kuruluşlar, mezarlıklar, pazaryerleri ile yollar, yaya yolları, refüj ve bulvarlar incelenmiştir. Burdur kentinde kişi başına 8,4 m2 açık-yeşil alan düştüğü ve bu alanın yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları bütün olarak düşünüldüğünde, Burdur kenti mevcut açık-yeşil alanlarının gelişigüzel bir dağılıma sahip oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, kentte yer alan açık-yeşil alanların bitkilerinin estetik ve işlevsel özellikleri açısından kent insanının ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak nitelikte olmadığı, bitkisel tasarımın yetersiz olduğu ve kullanılan bitki türlerinin mekanın kalitesini artırmada yeterli olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Burdur kentini modern, yaşanabilir ve kaliteli bir mekan haline getirmek için, açık-yeşil alanları nitelik ve nicelik yönünden konunun uzmanları tarafından planlanması ve tasarlanması uygun olacaktır.
Nuclei prep for single cell RNA/ATAC seq from intestinal surgical samples v1
Authors: RZ Zhou Ran , Basu Oni
Published: September 2020

Isolating high-quality nuclei from intestinal surgical tissues is critical for single cell RNA/ATAC-seq. This protocol provides details on nuclei preparation for such application, with an overall working time of less than an hour, if FACS sorting is not incorporated.
FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF INITIAL ABBREVIATIONS IN PHYSICAL TERMINOLOGY (ON THE FRENCH LANGUAGE MATERIAL)
Authors:   Eastern European University named after Lesya Ukrainka, Lutsk, Ukraine, Halyan Oksana
Published: September 2020

In the French language, the number of new terminology units has increased significantly, enriching the vocabulary and increasing the intensity of information exchange between communicators in the scope subsystems. In linguistics, the principle of linguistic economy is used to order the flow of information conveyed with the minimum number of linguistic characters. A large number of abbreviated word forms, which is a feature of modern language systems, is appearing. In terminology, the largest number of shortened form of a word is in initial abbreviations. Physical Terminology (PhT) uses the abbreviation for unitary, complex words, and combinations of terms. Structurally heterogeneous lexems are usually denoted by two linguistic characters that represent prefixes or root morphemes. The largest number of initial abbreviations are in two- and three-component terms. An important characteristic of all initial abbreviations is that they do not reveal the semantics of physical terms and that there are no "recognizable" segments from the original lexical units. The internal structure in newly formed physical shortened words appears when an initial abbreviation is combined with another way of forming term elements. The process of combining a truncation with an initial abbreviation is considered, as a result of which structurally complex word forms are formed. The classification of initial abbreviations is carried out according to a formal attribute - the number of characters that correspond to the number of components of the correlative combination. In the aspect of functioning, the abbreviation in physical texts is divided into generally accepted (standard), which for many decades has been used in special literature and occasional (introduced by the author, often used within the publication). An analysis of abbreviations of the physical terms indicates that the initial abbreviation appears at the phonetic, graphic and grammatical levels.
Verbalization of the concept PEOPLE in Oleksii Dovhiy’s poetry
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Strokal Olexandr
Published: September 2020

The topical question in modern linguistics is the study of the peculiarities of particular writer’s linguistic worldview. Research on these questions allows us to determine the nature of the interaction between the subjects of the author-reader dialogue and to highlight the role of linguistic means as suggestive in this dialogue. The basic operating unit used in exploring writer’s worldview is the concept. In the article, the concept is interpreted as the operational content unit of memory, the mental lexicon, the conceptual system of the brain, the whole worldview, as reflected by the human psyche. The analysis of the features of verbalization of the concept becomes especially important in the study of poetic texts, because it is in them that the richness of words is manifested. In Oleksii Dovhiy’s poetic language one of the most pronounced is the concept PEOPLE. In the lyric hero’s linguistic worldview this concept is expressed by tokens that are involved in the creation of such concepts-images of the people as people-laborer, people-hero, in the other – people-victims and people-destroyers. Each of these images in a poetic context actualizes the corresponding feature. We can speak of the explication of the signs “hard working”, “peaceful”, “heroic”, “kind and sincere”, “tragic”. In some poetic contexts, the verbalization of the positive and negative attributes of the analyzed image helps the poet to artfully portray the social layers of the people.
Linguoculturemes in the rhetorical scheme of Ukrainian defensive speeches in Galicia in the beginning of 20th century
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Zabolotna Alina
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of functional mechanisms of persuasive speech formulas, namely, linguoculturemes (ethnic, cultural stereotypes, mythologemes, and precedent phenomena) in the defensive speeches of Ukrainian lawyers in Galicia in the beginning of 20th century. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the interaction between historical, political and sociocultural factors and strategies of linguoculturemes’ usage. The phenomenon of the rhetorical scheme is analyzed from the standpoint of extralinguistic context. The rhetorical scheme is considered as a set of rhetorical communicative instruments by which the speaker relays his own rhetorical picture of the world in order to influence the common socio-cultural communicative space. Linguoculturemes are described as essential media of historical, political, and cultural discourse in persuasive speeches. The main strategies of communicative formulas in defensive speeches of Ukrainian barristers of Galicia are analyzed. The strategy of selection of linguoculturemes was in keeping with the traditions of the Austro-Hungarian judiciary but also the desire to establish Ukrainian national identity. All precedent phenomena were used due to the imperial model of the world and achievements of the Polish people. However, at the beginning of the twentieth century, under the imperial regime, attempts to form a rhetorical scheme of defensive speeches focused on Ukrainian values and statehood can be noticed. The article considers the essence of defensive speech as an example of the official communication linked to social context in two ways: the extralinguistic conditions affect the speech structure, and the speaker, in turn, selects certain communicative formulas (linguoculturemes) to establish the linguocultural identity. The future tendencies of Ukrainian judicial rhetoric are the improvement of the communicative skills of the lawyers-rhetoricians, the rejection of Russian legal stamps, and the reactivation of traditional Ukrainian linguoculturemes.
“Uninterpretable” cretan alphabetical inscriptions: “eteocretan” as phrygian?
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Mosenkis Iurii
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to an old problem of several “Eteocretan” (i.e. “true Cretan”) inscriptions in Greek alphabet, found in Classical Crete (dated to c. 6–4 c. BC), but not interpreted in Greek until the present time. Despite several hypotheses, the problem remains unsolved. However, this enigma is very important to reconstruct the ethno-linguistic map of ancient Crete as the craddle of Minoan civilization and the oldest interpretable scripts in Europe (Cretan hieroglyphs and Linear A). According to a commonly accepted view, the “Eteocretan” inscriptions can be a rest of “Pre-Greek” languages of the island – despite the “Eteocretan” and the Linear A inscriptions demonstrate no common linguistic features. The present author proposes an interpretation of the “Eteocretan” language as Phrygian. The latter was a close relative to Ancient Greek, splitted from it c. 4000 BC. This hypothesis correlates with another idea of the same author – of the presence of some Phrygian phonetic features in the language of Cretan hieroglyphs. Some “satem” elements of Phrygian, Cretan hieroglyphs, and Eteocretan (the name of Praisos as possible homonym of the “satem” Indo-European name of pig) make a system. Summarizing, Eteocretan looks like Phrygian, more or less Graecianized. In some inscriptions, loaned lexical elements are Greek whereas basic lexical and grammatical elements are Phrygian. In such way, a conundrum of “Greek vs non-Greek” Eteocretan inscriptions can be solved.
Communicative and formal-grammatical structure of sentences-utterances with quantity predicates
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Aribzhanova Iryna
Published: September 2020

The article characterizes the communicative and formal-grammatical structure of sentences with quantity predicates of the type ЇХ БУЛО СІМ. Ukrainian linguists divide such sentences into genitive subject and numeral predicate, taking into account the semantic and positional criteria (left-handed subject, quantitative predicate). The author of the study differentiates aspects of sentence organization by criteria: intonation-positional means (communicative aspect), syntactic connections (formal-grammatical aspect). Communicative analysis shows that such sentences are one of the options of sentence implementation in speech. In the communicative paradigm of a sentence they relate to an articulated and contextually dependent type of utterance (complex theme – genitive noun and verb – denote given, rheme – numeral – denotes new). Numerous examples of sentences with the same morphological set of words (independent numeral, dependent noun, verb) show the relations between members of the communicative paradigm of the sentence; the question of specificity of semantics of noun and verb components is considered. Formal-grammatical analysis reflects the structure of a two-member sentence that combines a complex subject (an integral connection of the main nominative-numeral and the dependent genitive-noun) and a simple verb predicate (conditional-grammatical agreement with the subject). The communicative structure of the sentence is derived, because it was formed as a result of rupture of the complex subject and transfer of the genitive noun to the initial position of the sentence-utterance. Conclusions about the asymmetric nature of relations between different levels of articulation of this type of sentence-utterance were made.
Functional potential of discourse marker “МІЖ ІНШИМ” in artistic speech
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Grabova Anna
Published: September 2020

Different approaches to clarify the definition of the term “discourse marker” are analyzed in the article. The author determines the status of discourse marker in the system of language units. The most famous classifications of discourse words in the linguistic tradition are observed. The investigation of discourse markers has recently become an actively developing direction in linguistic research. Due to different perspectives in modern linguistics, there has always been disagreement in the terminology to discourse markers. There are various labels to describe this phenomenon including discourse words, discourse units, discourse connectives, discourse operators. In traditional linguistics these units belong to different parts of speech, although they may be combined into one word class according to their mutual properties and functions. D. Schiffrin represents the so-called coherence-based approach and maintains that discourse markers contribute to the coherence of the text by establishing coherence relationships between units of talk. D. Schiffrin gives a detailed analysis of twelve discourse markers in English: and, but, or, so, well, then, now, because, y’know and I mean. B. Fraser describes discourse markers as a type of pragmatic markers that signal a message specifying how the basic message is related to the foregoing discourse. Discourse markers are defined as linguistic units, important components of discourse that create linguistic identity and help to identify the real intentions of the author and the mechanisms of influence on the listener. The author analyses different semantic and functional classifications of discourse units in the linguistic tradition. The article covers the main features of discourse marker “між іншим”, different aspects of its using in the literary texts of the 19th–21st century. The research is based on the Corpus of Ukrainian Language. The author makes an attempt to create the own classification of the main types of meaning of discourse marker “між іншим”. The semantics of the unit “між іншим” includes four components: providing additional information to the given message, brief remark, emphasizing the importance of information, evaluative comment to the basic information. It demonstrates different ways of using the discourse marker in the corpus of literary texts of the 19th–21st century.
ULUSLARARASI SİSTEMDE ÜLKELERİN ELLE TUTULAMAYAN RAKİP İLE MÜCADELESİ: ULUSLARARASI GÜVENLİK AÇISINDAN KÜRESEL ISINMA PROBLEMİ
Authors: Ertekin Bulend Aydin
Published: September 2020

21.yüzyılın en önemli problemlerinden biri olan küresel ısınma probleminin, dünya üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri her alanda görülmekte ve insanın yaşam kalitesi her geçen gün azalmaktadır. Küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak, ekilebilir tarım arazilerinin çölleşmesi, içme ve kullanım sularının kıtlaşması, sanayileşmeye bağlı kirli havanın solunması, yetişmesi kimi türler için çok uzun yıllar alan ve kirli havanın temizliğinde doğal akciğer olan orman alanlarının işlevlerini kaybederek yerini peyzaj ve görselliğe bırakması, tabiattaki canlı nesillerinin tüm bu olumsuzluklardan etkilenerek popülasyon kaybına uğraması genel olarak yaşam kalitesini azaltan nedenler arasında sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada, küresel ısınmaya bağlı tüm olumsuzlukların, uluslararası boyutta insan yaşamı güvenliğini tehdit etmesi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Küresel ısınma insanın, ülkelerin ve dolayısıyla ulus-devletlerin çevre kapsamında ele alınan bir güvenlik sorununu teşkil etmektedir. Ancak çevre kavramı kapsamında “masum” gözüken bu tehdit aynı zamanda, bölgesel ve uluslararası krizlerin de arka plandaki tetikleyicisi olabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma, küresel ısınmanın yaratacağı, sosyo-ekonomik durgunluk, kriz ve göç hareketlerinin siyasi sonuçlarının önemsenmesine vurgu yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada, küresel ısınmaya ilişkin literatür taraması yapılmakta, dünyadaki belli bölgelerdeki ısı anormalliğini gösteren değerler grafik, tablo ve haritalar ile gösterilmektedir. Çalışmanın sınırlılıkları kapsamında, bazı bölgeler inceleme kapsamından çıkarılmaktadır. Isı anormalliği göstergelerinde yakın dönem olarak 2005-2020 yılları temel alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, ısı anormalliğinin devam ettiği ve bunun da çevre faktörlerini bozarak yakın gelecekte uluslararası bir güvenlik problemi yarattığı görülmektedir. Bu durumda, dünyayı ve insanoğlunu tehdit eden küresel ısınma problemi karşısında, ülkelerin bulundukları konumun jeopolitik açıdan önemsenmesi yerine dünyanın uzaydaki konumunun jeopolitik açıdan önemsenmesi gerekmektedir.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Organization of Students Learning Activity
Authors: Margolis A.A.
Published: September 2020

The paper focuses on the specifics of children’s learning activity organization aimed at creating the Zone of Proximal Development. From this perspective, we analyze the potential of the theory of learning activity and the practice of developmental learning (D.B. Elkonin, V.V. Davydov), outline the achievements of this approach and reveal the issues of concern regarding the correlation between students preconceptions and scientific concepts. The paper thoroughly reconstructs the scientific discourse between the academic standpoints of the “Developmental Learning” and the “School of the Dialogue of Cultures” supporters, showing the relevance of this discourse in the light of modern challenges in education. Finally, we discuss the approaches to the task of developing theoretical thinking in students and engaging them in quasi-investigations presented in the works of M. Hedegaard and E. Etkina.
Vasily Vasilyevich Davydov in Nizhnevartovsk: Expanding the Educational Space of Developmental Learning
Authors: Maximov L.K. , Maximova L.V.
Published: September 2020

Using one of the Russian regions as an example, the article describes the activities of an outstanding Russian psychologist and scientist V.V. Davydov during the period of active introduction of the technology of learning activity into the mass educational practice in Russian schools. We outline the problems V.V. Davydov was interested in, the ones connected with the practical implementation of the theoretical approach of his scientific school to the development of a new content, forms and methods of education. The applied researches of V.V. Davydov’s scientific school which were defined as the system of developmental learning by D.B. Elkonin—V.V. Davydov are still in demand. We describe the attitude of V.V. Davydov to the regional specifics of training teachers for the Elkonin— Davydov developmental learning system and to teaching primary school children with special educational needs within the learning activity framework. The article is based on our recollections, audio and video recordings of V.V. Davydov at a scientific and practical seminar, meetings with teachers and students of Nizhnevartovsk and Megion.
From the Midwife Institute. The case of cutting the long-junction.
Authors: Viridarsky S. T.
Published: September 2020

On November 26, 1893, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, she entered the Midwife Institute for delivery, a petty bourgeois woman of St. Petersburg province Elena Koperskaya, Orthodox. 25 years old, unmarried, primiparous. The woman in labor is deaf and dumb. From the information collected regarding the previous state of her health, the following became clear: a patient was born in St. Petersburg, where she spent her childhood.
Further data on the pathogenesis of eclampsia
Authors: Massen V. N.
Published: September 2020

At the beginning of November 1892, in a lecture read before the conference of the Imperial Military Medical Academy, I had the opportunity to state my view on the essence of the origin of the disease, which is still incomprehensible to us, which is called eclampsia.
V Congress of the Society of Russian Physicians in memory of N.I. Pirogov. Meeting on December 28, 1893
Authors: Lebedev A. I.
Published: September 2020

The meeting was opened by the head of the section prof. A. I. Lebedev. After the greetings of the comrades, it was pointed out to them that the emergence of the congresses was a matter of relatively recent times. The separation from natural scientists occurred, on the one hand, as a result of the broad development of medicine, on the other, as a result of the difficulty of organization.
A case of cure of malignant development of the urethra complicated by urinary incontinence
Authors: Dranitsyn A. A.
Published: September 2020

1893 28 / XI, a 9-year-old girl was admitted to the Clinical Institute, 3. I. T., to cure total urinary incontinence, which she suffers, according to relatives, since birth. She had no other illnesses. In appearance, the patient is correctly developed and has an age-appropriate height. When examining the urogenital organs, the following deviation from the norm appears (see the attached figure): large lips are of normal size, but do not have a connection in their upper part.
G. Narkevich. Gossypii herbacei action. (Zemsky Doctor, 1894., No. 5)
Authors: Rachinskiy N.
Published: September 2020

The author prefers a fresh infusion of 15.0 to 180.0 to a liquid extract of gossypii herbacei, after 1 / 2-1 hour a tablespoon; indications - uterine bleeding, atonic state of the uterus after childbirth. The author did not have to observe any side effects from this remedy.
Referenced by Centralbl. f. Gynaek., 1894
Authors: Kakushkin N. M.
Published: September 2020

Morisam (Naples) gave a talk "On symphysiotomy". Symphysiotomy is undertaken to extract a live, full-term fetus, with narrow pelvis with a true conjugate in 6.7 - 8.8 cm, with the onset of labor in the period of opening the throat.
On the question of eclampsia treatment
Authors: Bykhovskiy S. B.
Published: September 2020

The reason for my real lock was the fact that we still have a safe and secure means of fighting eclampsia.
20-Year Comparative Survival and Mortality of Cancer of the Esophagus by Age, Sex, Race, Stage, Grade, Cohort Entry Time-Period, Disease Duration & Selected ICD-O-3 Oncologic Phenotypes: A Systematic Review of 83,658 Cases for Diagnosis Years 1973-2014: (SEER*Stat 8.3.4)
Authors: Milano Anthony F.
Published: September 2020

Objective.— To update trends in incidence, prevalence, short- and long-term survival and mortality of esophageal cancer using the statistical database of SEER*Stat 8.3.4 for diagnosis years 1973-2014 employing multiple case selection variables.

Methods.— A retrospective, population-based study using nationally representative data from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to evaluate 83,658 cases of esophageal cancer for diagnosis years 1973-2014 comparing multiple variables of age, sex, race, stage, grade, cohort entry time-period, disease duration, and, two histologic oncotypes. Relative survival statistics were analyzed in two cohorts: 1973-1994 and 1995-2014. Survival statistics were derived from: SEER*Stat Database: Incidence – SEER 9 Regs Research Data, November 2016 Submission (1973-2014)  Released April 2017 (Ref. 9). Case frequency and incidence data, derived from the SEER program, were used to design the table format and number of pages for this report.

Results.— In a total of 83,658 cases of esophageal cancer in the United States for diagnosis years 1973-2014, multiple variables of age, sex, race, stage, grade, cohort entry time-period, disease duration, and, two histologic oncotypes were compared. Mean age in males was 66.5 years, females 70.1 years, both male and female 67.2 years. Greater than 85% of incidence cases occurred between ages 55-85+ years with the zenith in males at 65-69 years (59.4%) and 70-74 years (60.5%) in females. The overall annual US death rate from 1975-2014 has slightly increased from 3.69 to 3.99 per 100,000 per year, and excess mortality remains exceedingly high. Of the 83,658 invasive cases, 82.6% were clinically staged and 79.4% were histologically graded.

Conclusions.— Relative frequency, incidence and time-trends, and the clinical, demographic and secular variables of age, sex, race, stage, grade, cohort-entry time-periods, and predominant clinical oncotypes were comparatively analyzed to provide a comprehensive medical-actuarial assessment of esophageal cancer survival and mortality in the 1973-2014 time-frame.
Unification of Different Approaches to Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
Authors: Alamilla Jorge L. , Rodriguez José A. , Vai Rossana
Published: September 2020

Cornell’s, Esteva’s, and classical formulations for seismic hazard analysis are theoretically described and mathematically unified by a suitable treatment of the random ground-motion variable. Differences and connections among the schemes are discussed, allowing for a better understanding of the underpinning principles of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. The classical formulation is equivalent to that by Esteva, and they correspond to a general scheme. Although they are mathematically equivalent, the two formulations each has its own particular approach to express the hazard rate, so results may differ. Cornell’s original scheme is a particular case of classical and Esteva’s formulation. It is also shown that intensity exceedance rates for any index of structural performance or at a particular site can be recursively transformed into exceedance rates of other intensity indexes. Formulations are invariant under such a transformation.
Very-Long-Period (VLP) Seismic Artifacts during the 2018 Caldera Collapse at Kīlauea, Hawai‘i
Authors: Flinders Ashton F. , Johanson Ingrid A. , Dawson Phillip B. , Anderson Kyle R. , Haney Matthew M. , Shiro Brian R.
Published: September 2020

Throughout the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano (Hawai‘i), episodic collapses of a portion of the volcano’s summit caldera produced repeated Mw 4.9–5.3 earthquakes. Each of these 62 events was characterized by a very-long-period (VLP) seismic signal (>40  s). Although collapses in the later stage of the eruption produced earthquakes with significant amplitude clipping on near-summit broadband seismometers, the first 12 were accurately recorded. For these initial collapse events, we compare average VLP seismograms at six near-summit locations to synthetic seismograms derived from displacements at collocated Global Positioning System stations. We show that the VLP seismic signal was generated by a radially outward and upward ramp function in displacement. We propose that at local distances the period of the VLP seismic signal is solely dependent on the duration of this ramp function and the instrument transfer function, that is, the seismic VLP is an artifact of the bandlimited instrument response and not representative of real ground motion. The displacement ramp function imposes a sinc-function velocity amplitude spectrum that cannot be fully recovered through standard seismic instrument deconvolution. Any near-summit VLP signals in instrument-response-corrected velocity or displacement seismograms from these collapse events are subject to severe band limitation. Similarly, the seismic amplitude response is not flat through the low-frequency corner, for example, instrument-response-uncorrected seismograms scaled by instrument sensitivity are equally prone to band limitation. This observation is crucial when attempting to clarify the different contributions to the VLP source signature. Not accounting for this effect could lead to misunderstanding of the magmatic processes involved.
RT-EQcorrscan: Near-Real-Time Matched-Filtering for Rapid Development of Dense Earthquake Catalogs
Authors: Chamberlain Calum John , Townend John , Gerstenberger Matthew C.
Published: September 2020

Matched-filtering (template-matching) is an effective method for detecting clustered seismicity such as aftershocks, low-frequency earthquakes, repeating earthquakes, and tectonic and volcanic swarms. Several groups have developed efficient codes implementing matched-filter methods and demonstrated that earthquake catalogs can be substantially expanded using these methods. Here, we present a near-real-time implementation of the matched-filter method, designed to be used in response to ongoing seismicity. Its near-real-time capabilities enable dense catalogs of seismicity to be constructed rapidly, providing input into real-time seismic hazard and forecasting and thus informing the earthquake response and scientific understanding. Such rapid development of detailed earthquake catalogs has similar application in volcano monitoring, monitoring of induced seismicity, and for online construction of slow-earthquake catalogs. Our software package, RT-EQcorrscan, is an open-source extension of the EQcorrscan Python package. The package can either be deployed to apply near-real-time matched-filters to a specific geographic region or sequence on a continuous basis, or configured to respond to large earthquakes or high-rate sequences by automatically starting a matched-filter run in response to these events. The system relies on, and maintains, a constantly updated template database of waveforms and event metadata, which is then queried for the specific target region. This template database can be updated while the matched-filter is running to enable the set of templates to expand in response to previous results. Multiple region-specific matched-filters can be run in parallel, allowing the system to respond to distinct trigger events.
Assessment on a Dime: Low Cost User Data Collection for Assessment
Authors: Dillalogue Eric , Koehn Michael
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective – This article describes the construction and use of a low cost tool for capturing user demographics in a physical library.
Methods – At the Health Sciences Library of Columbia University Irving Medical Center, we created the Tap In/Tap Out tool to learn about the demographic details of our library visitors, such as their status, school affiliation, and department. The Tap In/Tap Out tool was implemented twice for two weeks in 2013 and 2017, with users voluntarily tapping their campus ID when entering and leaving the library. We checked campus ID numbers against university databases to fill in demographic details of the library users.
Results – We constructed the Tap In/Tap Out tool using a Raspberry Pi and RFID card readers mounted on a foam board poster and placed near the library entrance. Participation in the Tap In/Tap Out tool ranged from 5-7% of the library gate count numbers during the survey periods. Though low, this participation provided a useful indication of user demographics that helped to strengthen library discussions with university administration. The 2013 survey results, which showed that the library space was actively used by students from all the constituent Medical Center schools, were used to support funding justifications. The 2017 survey results, which showed continued library usage, were used to illustrate the value of the library to the Medical Center community.
Conclusion – The Tap In/Tap Out tool was inexpensive to implement and provided more information about library visitors than gate counts alone. Findings from the Tap In/Tap Out results were used to demonstrate library usage and justify funding. We describe how other libraries might create and implement the tool to capture greater levels of detail about the users visiting their spaces.