bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing the structure of PFOA and PFOS: a chemical industry strategy or a solution to avoid thyroid-disrupting effects?
Authors: Coperchini F. , Greco A. , Rotondi M.
Published: March 2024

Background

The family of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) raised concern for their proven bioaccumulation and persistence in the environment and animals as well as for their hazardous health effects. As a result, new congeners of PFAS have rapidly replaced the so-called “old long-chain PFAS” (mainly PFOA and PFOS), currently out-of-law and banned by most countries. These compounds derive from the original structure of “old long-chain PFAS”, by cutting or making little conformational changes to their structure, thus obtaining new molecules with similar industrial applications. The new congeners were designed to obtain "safer" compounds. Indeed, old-long-chain PFAS were reported to exert thyroid disruptive effects in vitro, and in vivo in animals and humans. However, shreds of evidence accumulated so far indicate that the “restyling” of the old PFAS leads to the production of compounds, not only functionally similar to the previous ones but also potentially not free of adverse health effects and bioaccumulation. Studies aimed at characterizing the effects of new-PFAS congeners on thyroid function indicate that some of these new-PFAS congeners showed similar effects.

Purpose

The present review is aimed at providing an overview of recent data regarding the effects of novel PFAS alternatives on thyroid function.

Results and conclusions

An extensive review of current legislation and of the shreds of evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the effects of the exposure to novel PFOA and PFOS alternatives, as well as of PFAS mixture on thyroid function will be provided.
Slope aspect of a mountainous grassland landscape shapes the structure of an encroaching shrub (Euryops floribundus N.E. Br): insights from communal grazing sites located at varying distances from rural homesteads
Authors: Gxasheka Masibonge , Dlamini Phesheya
Published: March 2024

Mountainous grassland landscapes are severely threatened by the proliferation of shrub encroachment. So far, it remains unclear though how slope aspect coupled with land disturbances linked to the proximity of homesteads to communal grazing sites affects the distribution, density and structure of the encroaching shrubs in these grassland ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the role that slope aspect plays in determining the density and structure of an encroaching shrub species Euryops floribundus N.E. Br in three communal grazing sites located at varying distances from rural homesteads in a semi-arid mountainous grassland in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Three sites were strategically chosen in Cala communal grazing lands in an encroached mountainous grassland landscape that depicted north and south-facing slope aspects. The selected sites were Tsengiwe; a site located in close proximity to homesteads at a distance of less than 100 m, Upper Mnxe situated at an intermediate distance ranging from 200 to 800 m away from homesteads and Manzimdaka, which was located furthest from homesteads at a distance greater than 1600 m. In each site and corresponding slope aspect, the density and structure of the shrub E. floribundus were evaluated on 36 randomly distributed plots, yielding a total of 108 plots across all sites. We found that shrub density was significantly higher (50%) on the north-facing slope compared to the south-facing slope in Tsengiwe, the site located near homesteads. Shrub height was significantly higher (53 and 17%) on the north-facing slope compared to the south-facing slope at Upper Mnxe and Manzimdaka, which were located at intermediate and furthest distances from the homesteads. Notably, shrub height was significantly lower (37%) in the north-facing slope compared to the south-facing slope in Tsengiwe. Following a similar pattern to shrub height, total stem number was significantly higher (20 and 85%) in the north-facing slope compared to the south-facing slope at Upper Mnxe and Tsengiwe, respectively. Shrub crown area was higher (33 and 11%) in the north-facing slope compared to the south-facing slope at Upper Mnxe and Manzimdaka, respectively. A strong positive relationship was established between the height of shrubs and their longest crown diameter, shortest crown diameter and shrub crown area across all sites, suggesting that the investigated shrub species E. floribundus employs its structural characteristics to survive, and thrive and this was more evident in the north-facing slope. The results highlight the importance of considering the proximity of homesteads into account in ecological studies, and puts emphasis on improved understanding of the vegetation patterns shaped by shrub encroachment in mountainous grasslands, which is crucial in the development of effective land management strategies.
Operational performance and metal droplet formation in pulsed-shielded metal arc underwater welding
Authors: Moreno-Uribe Andrés M. , Vaccari Leandro , Bracarense Alexandre Q. , Maier Hans J. , Hassel Thomas
Published: March 2024

Underwater Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is highly affected by the welding depth. The arc and molten metal in contact with the surrounding environment cause operational and metallurgical challenges regarding arc stability, metal transfer, gas formation, high-cooling rates, and diffusible hydrogen uptake. The hydrostatic pressure causes losses in consumable fusion efficiency, constricts the arc, increases the number of short-circuit events, and consequently decreases the welded joint’s process quality. In the present study, the novel approach of pulsed welding current is applied to wet shielded metal arc welding and is operational characteristics are evaluated in detail. Automated welding using an arc-voltage control system was used to obtain reproducible results. For the pulse conditions, two values of pulse current combinations, taking 140 A as the mean value, were set (ΔI of 40 A and 80 A). The same pulse and base duration were chosen, giving pulsing frequencies of 2.5 Hz and 25 Hz. The voltage and current signals were acquired and the short-circuit numbers and melting rates were calculated by processing the data stability factors. As a result, it was possible to weld with lower average welding currents through pulsed-current technology. This new approach can improve the stability of the wet SMAW process and contribute to obtaining better-quality welds without any changes for the underwater welder.
Deliberative Democracy for Diabolical Times
Authors: Bächtiger André , Dryzek John S.
Published: March 2024

Democracy today faces deep and complex challenges, especially when it comes to political communication and the quality of public discourse. Dishonest and manipulative communication amplified by unscrupulous politicians and media pervades these diabolical times, enabling right-wing populism, extremism, truth denial, and authoritarianism to flourish. To tackle these issues, we need to encourage meaningful deliberative communication – creating spaces for reflective and constructive dialogue, repairing unhealthy public spheres while preserving healthier ones, and building discursive bridges across deep divides. Citizens who see through elite manipulations should be at the core of this response, especially if bad elite behavior is to be effectively constrained. Democratic activists and leaders, diverse interpersonal networks, resilient public spheres, deliberative innovations and clever communication strategies all have vital roles to play in both defending and renewing democracy. Healthy discursive infrastructures can make democracies work again.
Disarming Apartheid
Authors: Möser Robin E.
Published: March 2024

South Africa remains the only state that developed a nuclear weapons capability, but ultimately decided to dismantle existing weapons and abandon the programme. Disarming Apartheid reconstructs the South African decision-making and diplomatic negotiations over the country's nuclear weapons programme and its international status, drawing on new and extensive archival material and interviews. This deeply researched study brings to light a unique disarmament experience. It traces the country's previously neglected path towards accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Rather than relying primarily on US government archives, the book joins the burgeoning field of national nuclear histories based on unprecedented access to policymakers and documents in the country studied. Robin E. Möser, in addition to providing access to important new documents, offers original interpretations that enrich the study of nuclear politics for historians and political scientists.
A Practical Guide to Macroeconomics
Authors: Rudd Jeremy B.
Published: March 2024

There is an uncomfortably large gulf between academic research and what policy economists use to understand the economy. A Practical Guide to Macroeconomics shows how economists at policy institutions approach important real-world questions and explains why existing academic work – theoretical and empirical – has little to offer them. It argues that this disconnect between theory and practice is problematic for policymaking and the economics profession and looks at what's needed to make academic research more relevant for policy. The book also covers topics related to economic measurement and provides a compact overview of US macroeconomic statistics that will help researchers use these data in a better-informed way.
United States house dust Pb concentrations are influenced by soil, paint, and house age: insights from a national survey
Authors: Sowers Tyler D. , Nelson Clay M. , Blackmon Matthew D. , Li Kevin , Jerden Marissa L. , Kirby Alicia M. , Kovalcik Kasey , Cox David , Dewalt Gary , Friedman Warren , Pinzer Eugene A. , Ashley Peter J. , Bradham Karen D.
Published: March 2024

Background

Lead (Pb) in house dust contributes significantly to blood lead levels (BLLs) in children which may result in dire health consequences. Assessment of house dust Pb in the United States, relationships with Pb in soil and paint, and residential factors influencing Pb concentrations are essential to probing drivers of house dust Pb exposure.

Objective

Pb concentrations in vacuum-collected house dust are characterized across 346 homes participating in the American Health Homes Survey II (AHHS II), a US survey (2018–2019) evaluating residential Pb hazards. Connections between house dust Pb and soil Pb, paint Pb, and other residential factors are evaluated, and dust Pb concentration data are compared to paired loading data to understand Pb hazard standard implications.

Results

Mean and median vacuum dust Pb concentrations were 124 µg Pb g−1 and 34 µg Pb g−1, respectively. Vacuum-collected dust concentrations and dust wipe Pb loading rates were significantly correlated within homes (α < 0.001; r ≥ 0.4). At least one wipe sample exceeded current house dust Pb loading hazard standards (10 µg ft−2 or 100 µg Pb ft−2 for floors and windowsills, respectively) in 75 of 346 homes (22%). House dust Pb concentrations were correlated with soil Pb (r = 0.64) and Pb paint (r = 0.57). Soil Pb and paint Pb were also correlated (r = 0.6).

Impact

The AHHS II provides a window into the current state of Pb in and around residences. We evaluated the relationship between house dust Pb concentrations and two common residential Pb sources: soil and Pb-based paint. Here, we identify relationships between Pb concentrations from vacuum-collected dust and paired Pb wipe loading data, enabling dust Pb concentrations to be evaluated in the context of hazard standards. This relationship, along with direct ties to Pb in soil and interior/exterior paint, provides a comprehensive assessment of dust Pb for US homes, crucial for formulating effective strategies to mitigate Pb exposure risks in households.
BM-BronchoLC - A rich bronchoscopy dataset for anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesion recognition
Authors: Vu Van Giap , Hoang Anh Duc , Phan Thu Phuong , Nguyen Ngoc Du , Nguyen Thanh Thuy , Nguyen Duc Nghia , Dao Ngoc Phu , Doan Thi Phuong Lan , Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen , Trinh Thi Huong , Pham Thi Le Quyen , Le Thi Thu Trang , Thi Hanh Phan , Pham Van Tuyen , Tran Van Chuong , Vu Dang Luu , Tran Van Luong , Nguyen Thi Thu Thao , Pham Cam Phuong , Pham Gia Linh , Luong Son Ba , Pham Trung-Dung , Nguyen Duy-Phuc , Truong Thi Kieu Anh , Nguyen Quang Minh , Tran Truong-Thuy , Dang Tran Binh , Ta Viet-Cuong , Tran Quoc Long , Le Duc-Trong , Vinh Le Sy
Published: March 2024

Flexible bronchoscopy has revolutionized respiratory disease diagnosis. It offers direct visualization and detection of airway abnormalities, including lung cancer lesions. Accurate identification of airway lesions during flexible bronchoscopy plays an important role in the lung cancer diagnosis. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) aims to support physicians in recognizing anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions within bronchoscopic imagery. This work described the development of BM-BronchoLC, a rich bronchoscopy dataset encompassing 106 lung cancer and 102 non-lung cancer patients. The dataset incorporates detailed localization and categorical annotations for both anatomical landmarks and lesions, meticulously conducted by senior doctors at Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam. To assess the dataset’s quality, we evaluate two prevalent AI backbone models, namely UNet++ and ESFPNet, on the image segmentation and classification tasks with single-task and multi-task learning paradigms. We present BM-BronchoLC as a reference dataset in developing AI models to assist diagnostic accuracy for anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions in bronchoscopy data.
Using novel micropore technology combined with artificial intelligence to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Morimura Ayumi , Taniguchi Masateru , Takei Hiroyasu , Sakamoto Osamu , Naono Norihiko , Akeda Yukihiro , Onozuka Daisuke , Yoshimura Jumpei , Tomono Kazunori , Kutsuna Satoshi , Hamaguchi Shigeto
Published: March 2024

Methods for identifying bacterial pathogens are broadly categorised into conventional culture-based microbiology, nucleic acid-based tests, and mass spectrometry. The conventional method requires several days to isolate and identify bacteria. Nucleic acid-based tests and mass spectrometry are relatively rapid and reliable, but they require trained technicians. Moreover, mass spectrometry requires expensive equipment. The development of a novel, inexpensive, and simple technique for identifying bacterial pathogens is needed. Through combining micropore technology and assembly machine learning, we developed a novel classifier whose receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.94, which rapidly differentiated between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in this proof-of-concept study. Morphologically similar bacteria belonging to an identical genus can be distinguished using our method, which requires no specific training, and may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bacterial infections in remote areas and in developing countries.
Study on large deformation of soil–rock mixed slope based on GPU accelerated material point method
Authors: Liu Bingke , Wang Wen , Liu Zhigang , Ouyang Ningpeng , Mao Kejie , Zhou Fuchuan
Published: March 2024

This study assesses the effect of stone content on the stability of soil–rock mixture slopes and the dynamics of ensuing large displacement landslides using a material point strength reduction method. This method evaluates structural stability by incrementally decreasing material strength parameters. The author created four distinct soil–rock mixture slope models with varying stone contents yet consistent stone size distributions through digital image processing. The initial conditions were established by linearly ramping up the gravity in fixed proportionate steps until the full value was attained. Stability was monitored until a sudden shift in displacement marked the onset of instability. Upon destabilization, the author employed the material point method to reconstruct the landslide dynamics. Due to the substantial computational requirements, the author developed a high-performance GPU-based framework for the material point method, prioritizing the parallelization of the MPM algorithm and the optimization of data structures and memory allocation to exploit GPU parallel processing capabilities. Our results demonstrate a clear positive correlation between stone content and slope stability; increasing stone content from 10 to 20% improved the safety factor from 1.9 to 2.4, and further increments to 30% and 40% ensured comprehensive stability. This study not only sheds light on slope stability and the mechanics of landslides but also underscores the effectiveness of GPU-accelerated methods in handling complex geotechnical simulations.
A survey on fractal fractional nonlinear Kawahara equation theoretical and computational analysis
Authors: Al-Essa Laila A. , ur Rahman Mati
Published: March 2024

With the use of the Caputo, Caputo-Fabrizio (CF), and Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (ABC) fractal fractional differential operators, this study offers a theoretical and computational approach to solving the Kawahara problem by merging Laplace transform and Adomian decomposition approaches. We show the solution’s existence and uniqueness through generalized and advanced version of fixed point theorem. We present a precise and efficient method for solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), in particular the Kawahara problem. Through careful error analysis and comparison with precise solutions, the suggested method is validated, demonstrating its applicability in solving the nonlinear PDEs. Moreover, the comparative analysis is studied for the considered equation under the aforementioned operators.
Fe3O4@Chitosan@ZIF-8@RVG29, an anti-glioma nanoplatform guided by fixed and activated by alternating magnetic field
Authors: Savari Mohammad-Nabil
Published: March 2024

There is considerable interest in developing anti-glioma nanoplatforms. They make the all-in-one combination of therapies possible. Here we show how the selective Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell killing of the here-established nanoplatforms increased after each coating and how the here-established vibration-inducing Alternating magnetic field (AMF) decreased the treatment time from 72 h to 30 s. Thanks to their magnetite core, these nanoplatforms can be guided to the tumor's specific site by a Fixed magnetic field, they bypass the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) and accumulate at the tumor site thanks to the RVG29 bonding to the G-protein on the ion-gated channel receptor known as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR), which expresses on BBB cells and overexpresses on GBM cells, and thanks to the positive charge gained by both chitosan and RVG29's peptide. Both ZIF-8 and its mediate adherence, Chitosan increases the drug loading capacity that stimuli response to the tumor's acidic environment. The Zn2+ions generated from ZIF-8 sustained degradation in such an environment kill the GBM cells. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) evaluated these nanoplatform's mean size 155 nm indicating their almost optimum size for brain applications. Based on their elements' intrinsic properties, these nanoplatforms can enhance and combine other adjuvant therapies.
Evolution, types, and distribution of flight control devices on wings and elytra in bark beetles
Authors: Białkowski Jakub , Rossa Robert , Ziemiakowicz Anna , Gohli Jostein , Dymek Jakub , Goczał Jakub
Published: March 2024

Gaining the ability to fly actively was a ground-breaking moment in insect evolution, providing an unprecedented advantage over other arthropods. Nevertheless, active flight was a costly innovation, requiring the development of wings and flight muscles, the provision of sufficient energetic resources, and a complex flight control system. Although wings, flight muscles, and the energetic budget of insects have been intensively studied in the last decades, almost nothing is known regarding the flight-control devices of many crucial insect groups, especially beetles (Coleoptera). Here, we conducted a phylogenetic-informed analysis of flight-related mechanosensors in 28 species of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae), an economically and ecologically important group of insects characterized by striking differences in dispersal abilities. The results indicated that beetle flight apparatus is equipped with different functional types of mechanosensors, including strain- and flow-encoding sensilla. We found a strong effect of allometry on the number of mechanosensors, while no effect of relative wing size (a proxy of flight investment) was identified. Our study constitutes the first step to understanding the drivers and constraints of the evolution of flight-control devices in Coleoptera, including bark beetles. More research, including a quantitative neuroanatomical analysis of beetle wings, should be conducted in the future.
Development and characterization of liposomal formulations containing sesquiterpene lactones for the treatment of chronic gout
Authors: Cunha Matosinhos Rafaela , Frézard Frédéric , Mendes Silva Araújo Sabrina , Magalhães Barbosa Andressa , de Souza Isabela Fernanda , de Souza Filho José Dias , de Souza Jacqueline , Corrêa Oliveira Bahia Ana Paula , Ietta Francesca , Magnani Agnese , Saúde-Guimarães Dênia Antunes
Published: March 2024

Gout and hyperuricemia are characterized by high uric acid levels, and their treatment involves medications that have adverse effects. In this study, we evaluated oral liposomal formulations with eremantholide C and goyazensolide as a novel approach to reduce the toxicity associated with these substances while maintaining their anti-hyperuricemic activity. We characterized the formulations and evaluated them based on encapsulation efficiency and stability over 12 months and under simulated physiological environments. We determined the toxicity of the liposomal formulations in Caco-2 cells and the anti-hyperuricemic activity in rats. The formulations exhibited nanometric size, a narrow size distribution, and a negative zeta potential, indicating their stability and uniformity. The efficient encapsulation of the sesquiterpene lactones within the liposomes emphasizes their potential for sustained release and therapeutic efficacy. Stability evaluation revealed a small decrease in the eremantholide C concentration and a remarkable stability in the goyazensolide concentration. In Caco-2 cells, the liposomes did not exert toxicity, but did exhibit an antiproliferative effect. In vivo assays demonstrated that the liposomes reduced serum uric acid levels. Our study represents an advancement in gout and hyperuricemia treatment. The liposomal formulations effectively reduced the toxicity associated with the sesquiterpene lactones while maintaining their therapeutic effects.
The efficacy and safety of soluble guanylate cyclase modulation in patients with heart failure: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Arayici Mehmet Emin , Gunes Hakan , Ellidokuz Hulya , Yilmaz Mehmet Birhan
Published: March 2024

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) modulation has been scrutinized in several disease states including heart failure (HF). Recently, it was shown that an sGC modulator improved HF-related hospitalization significantly, though, there was no benefit related to mortality. Herein, a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for sGC modulation in HF patients was provided in agreement with the PRISMA statement. A total of 10 RCTs yielding 12 papers were included. There were 7526 patients with heart failure of each phenotype, 4253 in the sGC modulator group and 3273 in the placebo group. Use of sGC modulators in HF patients yielded no significant difference in the risk of all-cause mortality compared to placebo (RR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.88–1.08, p = 0.62). The use of sGC modulators was associated with a trend toward a considerable but non-significant increase in the incidence of SAEs (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.99–1.22, p = 0.07), as well as an increased incidence of hypotension and anemia. There was an overall neutral effect of sGC modulation on NT-proBNP levels, 6MWD and mortality, at a cost of slight increase in hypotension and anemia. Of note, the improvement in EQ-5D-based quality of life was significant. Hence, the benefit seems to be driven by distinctive domains of quality of life.
NNT-AS1 in CAFs-derived exosomes promotes progression and glucose metabolism through miR-889-3p/HIF-1α in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Wang Qun , Lu Weijun , Zhang Feng , Wu Dongde , Sun Junwei
Published: March 2024

It is metabolic and signaling crosstalk between stromal cells and tumors in the tumor microenvironment, which influences several aspects of tumor formation and drug resistance, including metabolic reprogramming. Despite considerable findings linking lncRNAs in HIF-1-related regulatory networks to cancer cell, little emphasis has been given to the role in communication between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cells. Previously, we observed that NNT-AS1 was substantially expressed in CAFs cells and CAFs exosomes, and subsequently investigated the influence of CAFs exosomal NNT-AS1 on glucose metabolism, proliferation, and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine exosomes secreted by PDAC patient-derived CAFs. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of NNT-AS1, miR-889-3p, and HIF-1. The role of CAFs-derived exosomal NNT-AS1 in PDAC cell progression and metabolism have been identified. Dual luciferase reporter assays examined the binding between NNT-AS1, miR-889-3p, and HIF-1. After PDAC cells co-culture exosomes secreted by CAFs, we found that they alter glucose metabolism, proliferation, and metastasis. In PDAC cells, CAF-derived exosomal lncRNA NNT-AS1 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-889-3p. Furthermore, HIF-1 could be targeted by miR-889-3p and was controlled by NNT-AS1. This study explores the mechanism by which NNT-AS1 influences the interaction of CAFs on glycolytic remodeling, proliferation, and metastasis of tumor cells through regulating miR-889-3p/HIF-1α, which also helps discover new clinical treatment targets for PDAC.
Synthesis, polymorphism, and shape complementarity-induced co-crystallization of hexanuclear Co(ii) clusters capped by a flexible heteroligand shell
Authors: Terlecki Michał , Kornowicz Arkadiusz , Sacharczuk Kornel , Justyniak Iwona , Lewiński Janusz
Published: March 2024

We emphasize the pivotal role of proper purification of Co(ii) acetate in the synthesis of two new heteroleptic acetato Co(ii)6 clusters and demonstrate their intriguing polymorphism and propensity for co-crystallization.
New type of tin(iv) complex based turn-on fluorescent chemosensor for fluoride ion recognition: elucidating the effect of molecular structure on sensing property
Authors: Wu Andrew , Hillesheim Patrick C. , Nelson Peter N. , Zeller Matthias , Carignan Gia , Li Jing , Ki Daniel W.
Published: March 2024

A new type of turn-on fluorescent chemosensor for F− based on tin(iv) complexes was investigated to understand the effect of molecular structure on sensing properties.
Phosphorus-doped In2S3 with rich sulfur vacancies toward efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production from formaldehyde solution
Authors: Sui Jing , Peng Zhengxin , Lu Nan , Qian KaiCheng , Zhang Xiaofan , Wei Tong , Li Renhong , Yan Xiaoqing
Published: March 2024

In this study, a P-doped In2S3 photocatalyst with rich S vacancies was fabricated and applied for photocatalytic hydrogen production from alkaline formaldehyde solution.
Adsorption of semiflexible wormlike polymers to a bar and their double-chain complex formation
Authors: Semenov A. N. , Nyrkova I. A.
Published: March 2024

The quantitative transfer matrix approach and scaling arguments in terms of trains, loops, tails and supertrains allowed us to characterize the main regimes of semiflexible chain adsorption on a bar and double-chain complex formation.
Enhancing Industrial Wireless Communication Security Using Deep Learning Architecture‐Based Channel Frequency Response
Authors: Alhoraibi Lamia , Alghazzawi Daniyal , Alhebshi Reemah , Nawaf Liqaa F. , Carroll Fiona
Published: March 2024

Wireless communication plays a crucial role in the automation process in the industrial environment. However, the open nature of wireless communication renders industrial wireless sensor networks susceptible to malicious attacks that impersonate authorized nodes. The heterogeneity of the wireless transmission channel, coupled with hardware and software limitations, further complicates the issue of secure authentication. This form of communication urgently requires a lightweight authentication technique characterized by low complexity and high security, as inadequately secure communication could jeopardize the evolution of industrial devices. These requirements are met through the introduction of physical layer authentication. This article proposes novel deep learning (DL) models designed to enhance physical layer authentication by autonomously learning from the frequency domain without relying on expert features. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models, showcasing a significant enhancement in authentication accuracy. Furthermore, the study explores the efficacy of various DL architecture settings and traditional machine learning approaches through a comprehensive comparative analysis.
Growth Ability of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici at Various Concentrations of Banana Stem Flour
Authors: Singapurwa Ni Made Ayu Suardani , Nursini Ni Wayan , Kusumaningsih Purwaningtyas , Candra I Putu , Semariyani A.A. Made , Wahyuni Putu Diah , Andriani Ni Wayan Yulia
Published: March 2024

Banana stems contain bioactive components in the form of carbohydrates and dietary fiber prebiotics which have the potential as a fermentation medium for the growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability to grow Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici in abanana stem flour fermentation medium. This study used a completely randomized design with the treatment of banana stem flour concentration Based on the results of the research, the characteristics of banana stem flour are as follows: moisture content of 6.59%, ash content of 16.44%, protein content of 0.12%, fat content of 3.20%, acidity degree of 7.29, total food fiber content of 61.66%, and carbohydrate content of 73.29%. Based on the prebiotic test on the growth of Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus plantarum which increased in line with the increase in the concentration of carbon source (stone banana stem flour) given. The highest or most optimal total microbes result in thegrowth of Pediococcus acidilactici at a concentration of 0.6%, namely 4.6 x 1010 CFU/mL, and for Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria at a concentration of 0.2%, namely 1.3 x 109 CFU/mL. Therefore, stone banana stem flour (Musa balbisiana Colla) can be concluded to have the ability as a source of prebiotics.
Analysis of Histamine Level in Lemuru Fish (Sardinella lemuru) in the Canning Industry
Authors: Budiadnyani I Gusti Ayu , Samanta Pinky Natalia , Dewi Resti Nurmala , Wiradiharja Peter Rama Novemberain
Published: March 2024

The presence of histamine is one of the food safety issues in the canned fish manufacturing industry. Histamine usually appears in canned fish products due the raw material employed is pelagic fish such as lemuru which is rich in histidine amino acid. Histidine can cause histamine production via decarboxylation reaction by bacterial activity during the heat canning process. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the increase in histamine levels that occurred in both canned fish raw materials and final products utilizing the Biofish 300 method. Aside from that, thermocouple and thermometer were used to analyze the fish’s central temperature and surface. SNI 2729:2013 was also utilized to assess the physical quality of raw materials regarding fresh fish. Based on the result, the histamine level increased significantly from raw material to product, accounting for 10.24 ppm and 16.92 ppm respectively (P < 0.05). However, the histamine levels in all samples remained below the company’s threshold (50 ppm) indicating canned fish was still safe to consume. To mitigate the effects of increased histamine, industry must develop a cold chain system by observing the central temperature of raw materials (≤4°C), and the processing room temperature (≤25°C) regularly. Similarly, prior to further processing, the raw material quality should not be less than 7.
Utilization of Balinese Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) to Produce Kombucha from Different Teas: Chemical and Sensory Characterisation
Authors: Andayani Safira Noor , Sitepu Gressty Sari Br , Kramas Dewa Ayu Toy Amanda Sumantara , Sukmahendri I Gusti Agung Ayu Indah , Ariningsih Ni Ketut
Published: March 2024

Kombucha, a tea-based beverage with historical roots in China, is classified as a functional beverage due to its potential health benefits and capacity to mitigate many adverse health problems. The fermentation process typically spans a minimum duration of a week, with the exact length contingent upon the desired flavour profile. This transformative process involves the utilisation of a symbiotic culture comprising acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast, which is cultivated within a medium of sweet tea. Regarding the incorporation of flavour, the utilisation of Balinese grapes in this particular product is attributed to their underutilised nature. A study was undertaken to examine the effects of including Balinese grapes in kombucha beverages prepared using white, green, and black tea varieties. The extended duration of fermentation may lead to a decrease in sugar content and pH levels, while simultaneously boosting the overall concentration of total acids in comparison to the conventional kombucha. Based on the results of sensory evaluation, it was observed that most of the panellists exhibited a preference for colour, aroma, flavour, and turbidity for Balinese grapes kombucha over the control kombucha. Hence, Balinese grapes can serve as an autochthonous flavour in the manufacturing of kombucha.
Diversification of Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) as a Jam Product on Different Ratios of Carrageenan as a Thickening Agent
Authors: Abriana Andi , Halik Abdul , Syehoputri Aylee Christine Alamsyah , Patulak Ega Febriyanti
Published: March 2024

Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) is a fruit with good nutritional content for health, despite this, its processing as a functional food product such as jam as a practical form of diversification products, is still lacking. On the other hand, carrageenan is a thickening agent that is often used in the food industry besides pectin. The aims of this study were to examine (1) the effect of Tamarillo and carrageenan ratios on the Tamarillo jam and (2) the chemical and sensory characteristics of the Tamarillo jam. Four ratios of the Tamarillo and carrageenan were tested e.g. 100%:0%; 97.5%:2.5%; 95%:5%; and 92.5%:7.5%. Method used was a Completely Randomized Design. Observed data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Least Significant Difference test. Results of the recent study show that the use of different ratios of the Tamarillo and carrageenan affected the chemical and sensory characteristics of Tamarillo jam such as total sugar content, pH, color, aroma, taste, and spread ability. The best ratio for Tamarillo jam was 97.5% Tamarillo: 2.5% carrageenan which resulted in sugar content of 19.81% and pH of 4.04%, sensory parameters for color of 4.19, aroma of 3.40, flavor of 3.52, and spread ability of 3.65.
Techno-economic analysis of biodiesel and bioethanol production from Chlorella sp. algae biomass
Authors: Aletheia Samuel Pangeran , Syauqi Ahmad , Kelvin  , Khaira Kuntum , Rafi Muhammad Miftah
Published: March 2024

Indonesia's energy consumption mostly comes from non-renewable energy sources, with 32% dedicated to the transportation sector. The Indonesian government is currently increasing the application of a 30% biodiesel blend in diesel fuel and aiming for a 20% blend of bioethanol in gasoline by 2025. Microalgae is one of the most promising sources for biodiesel production, yielding ethanol and glycerol as by-products. The main processes in this biodiesel plant are cultivation, transesterification, and washing, with glycerol as a side product. For bioethanol, the processes include hydrolysis, fermentation, and separation. The cultivation process utilizes a photobioreactor to promote microalgae growth by controlling environmental parameters. The plant's biodiesel production capacity is 87,107.82 gallons per year, with bioethanol production at 65,330.88 gallons per year and glycerol at 217,769 gallons per year. With the government's tax incentive for the sustainable energy industry applied in this economic analysis, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) value for this plant is 3%, while the Rate of Interest is 13%.
Simulating Biogas Production Process from Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Power Generation
Authors: Heriyanti  , Cahyani Amanda Lintang , Pertiwiningrum Ambar , Hidayatullah Ibnu Maulana , Gozan Misri
Published: March 2024

The rapid growth of the palm oil industry in Indonesia has made it the world's largest palm oil producer. However, this progress comes with a challenge as the industry generates Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), which poses an environmental threat if directly discharged into the environment. POME contains high concentrations of organic compounds that can be harnessed to produce energy in biogas through anaerobic treatment processes. This study aims to develop an efficient POME biogas production technique for large-scale power generation. The biogas production process with a capacity of 675.38 Kg/batch, 51,9 tonnes/year, and economic evaluation were simulated using SuperPro Designer v13.0. Biogas production from POME involves a series of stages employing anaerobic microorganisms for organic material decomposition, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. The simulation results indicate that the plant can produce biogas with a composition of 86.228% methane, 1.507% water, 0.059% hydrogen, 0.016% hydrogen sulfide, and 1.959% carbon dioxide within a batch time of 114 hours. The economic feasibility simulation resulted in a Net Present Value (NPV) of $553,000, Internal Return Rate (IRR) of 19.3%, and Payback Period (PBP) of 4.22 years. Those results confirm the viability of these projects.
Techno-economic analysis of solanesol production from tobacco leaves using ultrasound-assisted extraction
Authors: Gozan Misri , Khisan Givon , Safitra Edwin
Published: March 2024

Solanesol has high antioxidant activity and strong free radical absorption and is an intermediate raw material for coenzyme Q10. Tobacco leaves are the highest source of solanesol. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) increases the extract yield through reduced process time, low temperature, and safe solvents. The CAGR for solanesol demands in the Asia Pacific is growing 10.5% in 2021-2027, with market values of USD 575 million. Therefore, developing a solanesol plant in Indonesia is required to increase high-added value derivative products from tobacco leaves. Based on that necessity, this study provides a preliminary study and simulation of solanesol production from tobacco leaves in the UAE. The simulation uses SuperPro Designer v9.0 to get the plant’s mass, energy balance, and economic parameters. The plant will be built in Kawasan Industri Kupen, Temanggung, Central Java. Then, assuming 7920 hours annual operation time, 153 kg tobacco leaves/batch input rate, and solanesol selling price of USD 2.100/kg. The simulations showed that solanesol production in the UAE is feasible economically, with conversion rates at 2.3%. The value of profitability parameters is as follows: Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 33,90%, Net Present Value (NPV) at I = 7% = USD 39,437,000, and payback time = 2.95 years.
The Organoleptic Evaluation of Chicken Meatball Preservation by Liquid Smoke Powder from Durian Rinds (Durio ziberthinus murr.)
Authors: Kamaruzzaman Suraiya , Faisal Muhammad , Mukhlishien  , Hidayat Taufik , Illahi M. Dimas Anugrah , Desvita Hera
Published: March 2024

Durian rind contains lignocellulosic biomass, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which can be converted into liquid smoke powder. Thanks to the phenolic compounds and acetic acid in the smoke powder, it has antimicrobial effects and can be used as an alternative to food preservatives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of liquid smoke powder from durian rind as a chicken meatball preservative through organoleptic analysis (aroma, texture and colour). Spray drying was used to convert durian rind liquid smoke into smoke powder, and two types of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, were used to test the antibacterial properties of the smoke powder. Organoleptic test data were analysed using the SPSS version 16 and one-way ANOVA, followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. The results of antibacterial tests on the E. coli and Salmonella bacteria indicated that the smoke powder had an inhibition zone of 10.55 ± 1 and 8.130 ± 12 mm, respectively. The organoleptic evaluation of aroma, texture and colour suggested that the meatballs could be preserved for 64 h. Meanwhile, the pH test results indicated that the meatballs could only be stored for 60 h.
The Influence of Soaking Condition and Germination on Antioxidant Activity, and Chemical Properties of White Waxy Corn
Authors: Furianto Peter , Budiari Setyani , Muda Eleonora Valentia Sode , Mulyani Hani , Maryati Yati , Handayani Noer Abyor , Melanie Hakiki , Devi Anastasia Fitria , Artanti Nina , Susilowati Agustin , Aspiyanto Aspiyanto , Filailla Euis , Sugiwati Sri
Published: March 2024

White waxy corn enjoys global popularity because of its appealing taste and distinctive texture. Although it serves as a dietary cornerstone in numerous regions, it is characterized by relatively modest nutritional content. The objective of this research is to investigate various soaking solutions (including citrate buffer pH 3.0, citrate buffer pH 3.0 with 0,5% vitamin B6, citrate buffer pH 3.0 with 0,5% vitamin B6 and 0,5% glutamic acid) and different germination periods (ranging from 0 to 96 hours) on the level of antioxidant activity, ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), polyphenols, and protein in white waxy corn. The highest ABTS inhibition (66.8%) was achieved through the soaking process involving citrate buffer pH 3.0 combined with L-glutamic acid and vitamin B6 solution during 96-hour germination. In contrast, the highest GABA concentration (213.9 ppm) was attained using citrate buffer pH 3.0 for 96-hour germination. The highest protein content (3110.9 ppm) was observed after 72 hours of germination using a soaking solution of citrate buffer pH three combined with L-glutamic acid and vitamin B6. However, the highest polyphenol (5603.3 ppm) was obtained using citrate buffer pH three for 72 hours. Soaking and germination can improve the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of white waxy corn.
Progress on the Methods for Preparation of Fish Protein Concentrate from Underutilized Fish Residue: A Short Review
Authors: Kumoro Andri Cahyo , Kusworo Tutuk Djoko , Wardhani Dyah Hesti , Tan Chin Ping
Published: March 2024

Due to higher cost and existence of various allergens in plant, low-cost proteins derived from animal sources are becoming more attractive to consumers. Currently, there are several methods used for the preparation of fish protein concentrate from underutilized sources. This review elaborates the progress of methods used for the preparation of fish protein concentrate (FPC) from underutilized fish residue. Basically, FPC manufacturing processes involve either the dissolution and precipitation of soluble protein fractions or segregation of undesirable components, namely lipids, water and carbohydrates. The combination of physical and chemical methods has been developed with low investment and operational cost to obtain high product yield and high-quality FPC. In addition, the demand for environmentally friendly process has also encouraged the use of effective and generally regarded as safe solvents. As a conclusion, the preferred FPC preparation method should facilitate the use of green solvents, low investment, energy and operational cost, and the achievement of a high FPC yield with premium product quality.
Influence of NR/EPDM Ratios on the Performance of Pneumatic Fenders in Seawater
Authors: Wisojodharmo Lies Agustine , Indriasari  , Amry Akhmad , Taqwatomo Galih , Fidyaningsih Riastuti , Arti Dewi Kusuma , Utami Wahyu Tri , Saputra Dita Adi , Gumelar Muhammad Dikdik , Husin Saddam , Susanto Herri , Hidayat Ade Sholeh , Anggaravidya Mahendra , Idvan  , Iskandar Mohamad Sholeh
Published: March 2024

The performance of pneumatic fenders in seawater is crucial to ensure safety and serviceability. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the performance of compound formulations of two different types of carbon black N660 and N220 at various NR/EPDM (Natural Rubber/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) ratios of 100/0; 90/10; 80/20, and 70/30 in artificial seawater at 95°C for 30 days. The mechanical properties of rubber compounds were measured and compared before and after aging in seawater. Comparing two types of carbon black, no significant difference in tensile, elongation, tear strength, and compression set at the same blend ratios after aging in seawater. Nevertheless, the abrasion resistance of N220 is lower than that of N660 before and after aging in seawater due to insufficient dispersion. Adding high crystalline EPDM in the blend results in lower mechanical properties change than pure NR after aging in seawater. In addition, the blend contains EPDM imparts high abrasion resistance in seawater. Using EPDM up to 30 phr in the blend with NR indicates the possibility of utilizing this high oxidation stability of rubber as a pneumatic fender.
Effect of Temperatures on Modification of Alginate Hydrophobicity using Dodecenyl Succinic Anhydride
Authors: Wardhani Dyah H. , Ulya Hana N. , Hafizha Mutia , Razani Muhammad O. A.
Published: March 2024

Alginate is a highly hydrophilic polysaccharide as it contains several hydroxyl groups in the main backbone chain. Some applications for example as surfactants, however, require alginate to have higher hydrophobic properties. Hence, attempts are conducted to improve its hydrophobicity. Dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DSA) has a long hydrophobic chain that could substitute the hydroxyl groups of alginate and improve its hydrophobic properties. This study aimed to produce modified alginates with higher hydrophobicity using DSA as a modifier. The alginate modification was conducted at 30-70oC. The result showed that the degree of substitution (DS) increased in short time and low temperature of reaction. The highest DS value (0.1515) was obtained at 30oC for 30 min which gave the highest viscosity (14.74 cps) and the lowest surface tension (94.08 mN/m). The viscosity and surface tension values for the native alginate were 9.53 cps and 162,98 mN/m, respectively. Meanwhile, the viscosity and surface tension of the lowest DS (0.083) were 11.06 cps and 119.63 mN/m, respectively. The attachment of the dodecenyl succinic group was confirmed by the IR spectra as the presence of ester groups in the modified alginate.