bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeling safe, avoiding harm: Safety priorities of children and young people with disability and high support needs
Authors: Robinson Sally , Graham Anne
Published: April 2020

This study explored what helped and constrained children and young people with disability and high support needs, in feeling and being safe in institutional settings. Through adapted qualitative methods, 22 children and young people aged 7–25 years shared their conceptualizations of safety, along with facilitators and barriers to interpersonal safety in their everyday lives. Key themes were feeling safe and known in relationships, minimizing risk, having strategies and the opportunity to practice these, opportunities to learn about safety and supported transitions. The living patterns and environments of children and young people were different to their non-disabled peers, and they faced systemic barriers to activating safety strategies. Building meaningful prevention strategies for children and young people with disability requires specific skill in design and implementation. Without focused attention to their specific circumstances, measures promoting child safety may overlook the experiences of children and young people with intellectual disability.
When neither team wants to win: A flaw of recent UEFA qualification rules
Authors: Csató László
Published: April 2020

Tanking, the act of deliberately dropping points or losing a game in order to gain some other advantage, is usually seen as being against the spirit of sports. It can be even more serious if playing a draw is a (weakly) dominant strategy for both teams in a match, since this may lead to collusion. We show that such a situation occurred in a particular football match. As our generalisation reveals, the root of the problem resides in the incentive incompatibility of certain UEFA qualification rules. The governing bodies of major sports should choose strategy-proof tournament designs because of several reasons. First, they may lead to the elimination of a third, innocent team. Second, incentive incompatible rules may discourage both teams from scoring goals, and the players could be interested in improving other match statistics than the number of goals.
Group Threat, Racial/Ethnic Animus, and Punitiveness in Latin America: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Lehmann Peter S. , Chouhy Cecilia , Singer Alexa J. , Stevens Jessica N. , Gertz Marc
Published: April 2020

The group threat perspective has been tested with regard to a variety of social control outcomes, including public support for punitive crime control policies. However, little work has explored possible interactive effects between macro-level racial/ethnic contexts, individual-level racial/ethnic animus, and race/ethnicity on punitive attitudes, and none of this research has been conducted outside the United States. The current study is the first to examine these interrelationships in Latin America, which is characterized by notable racial/ethnic stratification and recent movements toward authoritarian criminal justice strategies. Analyses of data from the AmericasBarometer survey collected in 633 municipalities within 10 countries ( N = 16,782) reveal that (1) racial/ethnic animus is consistently predictive of support for harsher punishments, (2) the effect of being White on punitiveness is conditioned by Indigenous population size at the municipal level, and (3) the interactive effects of being White and holding anti-Black animus are further moderated by municipal-level percent Black/Mulatto.
Surgical results in older patients with lumbar spinal stenosis according to gait speed in relation to the diagnosis for sarcopenia
Authors: Sakai Yoshihito , Wakao Norimitsu , Matsui Hiroki , Tomita Keisuke , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Iida Hiroki
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implication of gait speed, which is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in older patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Methods:

This study was conducted in a total of 235 patients with LSS who underwent surgical treatment. The state of sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia, including gait speed, were evaluated before and after the operation.

Results:

The proportion of patients with lower than at baseline levels of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and gait speed was 27.2% and 17.9%, respectively. Significant changes were observed in gait speed, whereas SMI showed no significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative periods. Sarcopenic patients presented lower levels of activities of daily living preoperatively than pre-sarcopenic patients. However, favorable surgical results were obtained postoperatively. Significant changes were observed in gait speed, whereas grip strength and SMI showed no significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative periods. The postoperative decrease in SMI was not significant.

Conclusion:

Postoperative gait speed was significantly improved, whereas muscle mass did not increase in the patients in this study. Therefore, low gait speed in patients with LSS seems to be derived from a neurologic disorder. The surgical results in low muscle mass patients without low gait speed were similar to those with low gait speed. Sarcopenia in elderly patients with locomotor disease should be evaluated using muscle mass alone without assessing physical performance.
Adult Morquio syndrome requiring occipito-thoracic fusion
Authors: Okumura Ryosuke , Hasegawa Keiji , Tsuge Shintarou , Fukutake Katsunori , Nakamura Kazumasa , Takahashi Hiroshi , Wada Akihito
Published: April 2020

Morquio syndrome is a relatively rare entity that is often associated with atlantoaxial instability from early childhood due to odontoid dysplasia based on a mucopolysaccharoidal disorder. Here, we present the case of a 55-year-old male patient with Morquio syndrome who developed cervical myelopathy, which is an extremely rare condition in the older population. Myelopathy developed gradually with upper-limb paresthesia and clumsiness of both hands. The patient had a characteristic “gargoyle-like” coarse face with a trunk shortening-type short stature. Imaging of the cervical spine demonstrated several problems, including diminutive structures called platyspondyly with small pedicles and fragile bone quality, hypoplasia of the C1 posterior arch that migrated into the spinal canal, and os odontoideum with atlantoaxial instability. With intraoperative navigation guidance, posterior decompression of C1 followed by occipito-cervico-thoracic spinal fusion was successfully performed in this complicated case. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were both excellent and have been maintained for 2 years postoperatively.
Knowledge About Sexual and Reproductive Health in Adolescent School-Going Children of 8th, 9th, and 10th Standards
Authors: Deshmukh Deepanjali D. , Chaniana Sukhjeet S.
Published: April 2020

Context: Adolescence is a transitional period that marks the beginning of adulthood and is a stage in life in which an individual attains sexual maturity. Adolescent’s decisions and behavior related to sexual matters can have long-lasting implications, and if wrongly informed, they can suffer adverse consequences.

Aim: The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge about reproductive and sexual health, the knowledge and attitude about sex-related illnesses, and the level of knowledge about common changes of secondary sexual characters among adolescents.

Methodology: 300 adolescent students of 8th, 9th, and 10th standards were selected after taking permission from the school principal and consent from the parents/guardians of the students. Samples were collected from 2 Central Board of Secondary Education schools. 50 students of each standard were randomly selected from the school and were assessed using semistructured pro forma containing questions about sociodemographic profile and knowledge and attitude toward sexual issues. Data thus collected was tabulated and statistically analyzed under the guidance of a statistician.

Results and Conclusion: Girls were found to have less knowledge compared to boys. Higher the standard the student was in, more the level of knowledge; 10th standard students had more knowledge compared to 9th and 8th standard students. Parents need to have adequate communication with their adolescents regarding sex-related topics as parents were found to be among the least common source of information, while teachers were the most common source of information regarding the topic.
A phase 2 study of ATRA, arsenic trioxide, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in patients with high-risk APL (SWOG 0535)
Authors: Lancet Jeffrey E. , Moseley Anna B. , Coutre Steven E. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Othus Megan , Tallman Martin S. , Litzow Mark R. , Komrokji Rami S. , Erba Harry P. , Appelbaum Frederick R.
Published: April 2020

High-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remains a therapeutic challenge, with higher associated rates of early mortality and relapse than standard-risk APL. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a well-established treatment for patients with standard-risk APL, but it is not well defined for those with high-risk APL. In a prior study of patients with high-risk APL, the addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) to ATO plus ATRA suggested benefit. The SWOG Cancer Research Network conducted a phase 2 study to confirm the efficacy and safety of the combination of ATRA plus ATO plus GO in treating high-risk APL patients. The primary end points were 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and early (6-week) death rates associated with this combination. Seventy patients were treated. With a median follow-up of 3.4 years, the 3-year EFS and overall survival estimates were 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%-86%) and 86% (95% CI, 75%-92%), respectively. Overall, 86% of patients achieved complete response. The 6-week mortality rate was 11%. The most common treatment-emergent toxicities during the induction phase included febrile neutropenia, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase elevation, hyperglycemia, hypoxia, headache, and prolonged QT interval corrected for heart rate. Retinoic acid syndrome occurred in 9% of patients. Approximately 37% of patients did not complete all planned courses of postremission therapy. The combination of ATRA plus ATO plus GO in high-risk APL patients was effective and generally well tolerated, suggesting an opportunity to offer a chemotherapy-free induction platform for patients with this disease. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00551460.
Obituary for Tamara Grummt
Authors: Braunbeck Thomas , Erdinger Lothar , Frimmel Fritz H. , Hollert Henner , Knasmüller Siegfried , DeMarini David M. , Plewa Michael J. , Richardson Susan D. , Triebskorn Rita , de Aragão Umbuzeiro Gisela , White Paul A.
Published: April 2020

Tamara Grummt passed away on January 26, 2020 in Oelsnitz/Vogtland, Germany. Tamara was one of the scientific pioneers in the field of environmental toxicology, namely genotoxicity and hygiene of drinking and bathing waters. Her passing is not only a great loss to environmental research and to the global environmental toxicology community—we have lost an outstanding personality with the heart in the right place, who has become, for many of us, a wonderful friend.
Correction to: Determinants of none-exclusive breast feeding practice among HIV positive women at selected Health Institutions in Ethiopia: case control study
Authors: Ayele Aklilu Abera , Seid Kemal Ahmed , Muhammed Oumer Sada
Published: April 2020

The authorship list on the original article [1] was incorrect and should instead show as Aklilu Abera Ayele, Kemal Ahmed Seid and Oumer Sada Muhammed. The authors apologise for this error.
Awareness of mycotoxins and occurrence of aflatoxins in poultry feeds and feed ingredients in selected regions of Uganda
Authors: Nakavuma Jesca L. , Kirabo Angella , Bogere Paul , Nabulime Margaret M. , Kaaya Archileo N. , Gnonlonfin Benoit
Published: April 2020

Background

Aflatoxins are a category of mycotoxins produced by certain molds naturally occurring as food and feed contaminants with toxic effects to both animals and humans. In Uganda, previous studies on aflatoxins mainly considered human foods, but scarce information exists for animal feeds. The study aimed at establishing the current status of aflatoxins contamination of poultry feeds, level of awareness and the existing technological challenges and innovations to mycotoxin control in Uganda.

Method

Mycotoxin awareness, predisposing factors and existing strategies for managing mycotoxin contamination were investigated through focus group discussions and questionnaires with selected processors and farmers. Poultry feed and feed ingredient samples were collected and analyzed for total aflatoxins using VICAM Fluorimeter procedure for foods and animal feeds.

Results

Majority of the farmers and processors (> 50%) had limited knowledge about aflatoxins; contamination predisposing factors; dangers to animals and humans; and mitigation strategies. The study further revealed poor feed and feed ingredients handling and storage practices that predispose to mold/aflatoxin contamination. Forty feed samples from feed processing plants had aflatoxins in the range 7.5 ± 0.71 to 393.5 ± 19.09 parts per billion (ppb) with only twelve samples being within the generally acceptable limits of 20 ppb as recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organisation and the United States Federal Department of Agriculture. Additionally, all 27 feed samples obtained from the farmers had aflatoxins in the range of 19.0 ± 1.41 to 188.5 ± 2.12 ppb and were above the acceptable limit. Generally, broiler feeds were the most contaminated with aflatoxins. Of the feed ingredients tested, silver fish (Rastrineobola argentea, locally known as “mukene”) had the least concentration (8.7 ± 3.18 ppb) of aflatoxins while maize bran had the highest level of contamination, 103.3 ± 22.98 ppb.

Conclusion

Given the lack of awareness and the high prevalence of aflatoxin contaminated poultry feeds and feed ingredients in Uganda, a higher risk for carryover of the toxins into the animal products for human consumption exist. Hence, the need for comprehensive establishment of the prevention, control and surveillance strategies for reducing mycotoxins in foods.
Can contrast-enhanced mammography replace dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the assessment of sonomammographic indeterminate breast lesions?
Authors: Kamal Rasha Mohamed , Hanafy Mennatallah Mohamed , Mansour Sahar Mahmoud , Hassan Maher , Gomaa Mohamed Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Background

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast has been used for several years in the assessment of indeterminate mammographic findings. Contrast-enhanced mammography is a relatively novel imaging technique that has shown comparable sensitivity and specificity to MRI. Contrast-enhanced mammography is a relatively easy feasible study with high sensitivity and low cost. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of replacing dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI by contrast-enhanced mammography in the assessment of sonomammographic indeterminate lesions (BIRADS 3 and 4).

Results

The study included 82 patients with 171 breast lesions. They all performed contrast-enhanced mammography and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. DCE-MRI sensitivity and NPV were significantly higher than those of contrast-enhanced mammogram (CEM). The overall accuracy of MRI was better than that of CEM; however, no statistically significant difference could be detected.

Conclusion

Contrast-enhanced mammography and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI improved the characterization of breast lesions. CEM showed slightly lower sensitivity and accuracy compared to MRI; however, because of being relatively easy, available, cheap, and acceptable by women, CEM can replace DC-MRI as a problem-solving tool in the characterization of indeterminate breast lesions.
Post-truths, Common Worlds, and Critical Politics
Authors: Giraud Eva Haifa , Aghassi-Isfahani Sarah-Nicole
Published: April 2020

The emergence of so-called post-truth politics has seen popular calls to return to the “facts,” accompanied by frequent attacks on gender studies, postcolonial theory, and science and technology studies, all of which have been portrayed as somehow responsible for destabilizing truth. This article intervenes in debates arising in response to these developments, with a focus on a promising “third path” proposed by Bruno Latour. In a proposal framed as a departure from his previous work, Latour argues for the importance of centralizing climate change as a common concern that can orient knowledge production and political action. This stance has gained purchase in both academic and wider popular commentaries. The article argues, however, that Latour’s stance does not mark a break from his previous arguments but is instead a continuation of his long-standing condemnation of critique. Building on work within feminist science studies, the article elucidates how, in the contemporary context, this renewed “critique of critique” marginalizes precisely the perspectives that are most under attack in the current political moment. The article ultimately argues that although Latour’s examination of the relationship between populism and environmental politics is critically important, space needs to be maintained for divergent voices that are currently in danger of being excluded in calls to reclaim “common worlds.”
The Vanishing Native
Authors: Ben Labidi Imed
Published: April 2020

The thematic foci of the Franco-Algerian war films of decolonization have shifted in the last few decades from evoking triumphalist discourses and redemptive fictional narratives to producing powerful transnational antiwar stories. While being critical of the violent history of colonization, defying earlier French governments’ oppressive forms of censorship, and addressing the history of colonial barbarity in Algeria, many French documentarians and filmmakers have skillfully used moving images to critique and expose colonial transgressions. In their efforts to reimagine the horrors of violent encounters between the French army and Algerian guerilla fighters, their narratives cover daring eye-witness accounts of war crimes, including acts of torture at times described by the perpetrators themselves while catering to the expectations of a global audience. Florent Emilio Siri’s L’ennemi intime (2007) and David Oelhoffen’s Far from Men (2014) are among these transnational productions that accomplish both tasks. In the stories told by the two films, the plots show evidence of a fundamental thematic transformation in filmic representations that collapses the differences between colonizer and colonized, situating both as victims of colonization. The article argues that even though both films consistently reproduce the conventional portrait of the colonized as weak, passive, and deeply reliant on French guidance, Far from Men introduces the myth of the vanishing native, a theme that helps legitimize and normalize the settler’s “right” to occupy the colonized space.
CLASPs at a glance
Authors: Lawrence Elizabeth J. , Zanic Marija , Rice Luke M.
Published: April 2020

CLIP-associating proteins (CLASPs) form an evolutionarily conserved family of regulatory factors that control microtubule dynamics and the organization of microtubule networks. The importance of CLASP activity has been appreciated for some time, but until recently our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remained basic. Over the past few years, studies of, for example, migrating cells, neuronal development, and microtubule reorganization in plants, along with in vitro reconstitutions, have provided new insights into the cellular roles and molecular basis of CLASP activity. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we will summarize some of these recent advances, emphasizing how they impact our current understanding of CLASP-mediated microtubule regulation.
Effect of different biofloc starters on ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite concentrations in the cultured tilapia Oreochromis niloticus system
Authors: Putra Iskandar , Effendi Irwan , Lukistyowati Iesje , Tang Usman M. , Fauzi Muhammad , Suharman Indra , Muchlisin Zainal A.
Published: April 2020

Background: High stocking density and intensive feeding in aquaculture systems lead to the accumulation of organic waste, which results in an increase in ammonia, nitrite, and nitrite concentrations in culture media. Biofloc is a potential technology to overcome this problem. The starter is a crucial carbon source for bacteria in the formation of biofloc. The objective of the present study aimed to explore the best starter of biofloc in a red tilapia Oreochromis niloticus culture system.

Methods: A completely randomized design with four levels of treatment was used in this study. The tested starter was (A) control treatment, biofloc without starter, (B) biofloc with molasses starter, (C) biofloc with tapioca starter, and (D) biofloc with sucrose starter. The floc was cultured in 100-L tanks with a salinity of 17 ppt. The tanks were stocked with O. niloticus with a size of 3.71±0.11 cm at a stocking density of 30 fish per tank. The fish were fed on a commercial diet two times a day at satiation for 40 days. The ammonia, nitrite, and nitrite concentrations were measured for an interval of 8 days.

Results: The study showed that the NH3-N range was 0.02–0.07 mg L−1 (mean, 0.03 ± 0.02 mg L−1), NO2-N range was 0.20–0.43 mg L−1 (mean, 0.25 ± 0.12 mg L−1), and NO3-N range was 0.90–3.20 mg L−1 (mean, 1.42 ± 1.19 mg L−1).

Conclusion: Among the starters tested, molasses was found to be the best for biofloc in tilapia culture.
Turning up the heat on COVID-19: heat as a therapeutic intervention
Authors: Cohen Marc
Published: April 2020

Enveloped viruses such as SAR-CoV-2 are sensitive to temperature and are destroyed by temperatures tolerable to humans. All mammals use fever to deal with infections and heat has been used throughout human history in the form of hot springs, saunas, hammams, steam-rooms, sweat-lodges, steam inhalations, hot mud and poultices to prevent and treat respiratory infections and enhance health and wellbeing. This paper reviews the evidence for using heat to treat and prevent viral infections and discusses potential cellular, physiological and psychological mechanisms of action. In the initial phase of infection, heat applied to the upper airways can support the immune system’s first line of defence by supporting muco-ciliary clearance and inhibiting or deactivating virions in the place where they first lodge. This may be further enhanced by the inhalation of steam containing essential oils with anti-viral, mucolytic and anxiolytic properties. Heat applied to the whole body can further support the immune system’s second line of defence by mimicking fever and activating innate and acquired immune defences and building physiological resilience. Heat-based treatments also offer psychological benefits by directing focus on positive action, enhancing relaxation and sleep, inducing 'forced-mindfulness', and invoking the power of positive thinking and remembered wellness. Heat is a cheap, convenient and widely accessible therapeutic modality and while no clinical protocols exist for using heat to treat COVID-19, protocols that draw from traditional practices and consider contraindications, adverse effects and infection control measures could be developed and implemented rapidly and inexpensively on a wide scale. While there are significant challenges in implementing heat-based therapies during the current pandemic, these therapies present an opportunity to integrate natural medicine, conventional medicine and traditional wellness practices, and support the wellbeing of both patients and medical staff, while building community resilience and reducing the likelihood and impact of future pandemics.
Improving causality in microbiome research: can human genetic epidemiology help?
Authors: Wade Kaitlin H. , Hall Lindsay J.
Published: April 2020

Evidence supports associations between human gut microbiome variation and multiple health outcomes and diseases. Despite compelling results from in vivo and in vitro models, few findings have been translated into an understanding of modifiable causal relationships. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have been unconvincing in their ability to offer causal evidence due to their observational nature, where confounding by lifestyle and behavioural factors, reverse causation and bias are important limitations. Whilst randomized controlled trials have made steps towards understanding the causal role played by the gut microbiome in disease, they are expensive and time-consuming. This evidence that has not been translated between model systems impedes opportunities for harnessing the gut microbiome for improving population health. Therefore, there is a need for alternative approaches to interrogate causality in the context of gut microbiome research.

The integration of human genetics within population health sciences have proved successful in facilitating improved causal inference (e.g., with Mendelian randomization [MR] studies) and characterising inherited disease susceptibility. MR is an established method that employs human genetic variation as natural “proxies” for clinically relevant (and ideally modifiable) traits to improve causality in observational associations between those traits and health outcomes. Here, we focus and discuss the utility of MR within the context of human gut microbiome research, review studies that have used this method and consider the strengths, limitations and challenges facing this research. Specifically, we highlight the requirements for careful examination and interpretation of derived causal estimates and host (i.e., human) genetic effects themselves, triangulation across multiple study designs and inter-disciplinary collaborations. Meeting these requirements will help support or challenge causality of the role played by the gut microbiome on human health to develop new, targeted therapies to alleviate disease symptoms to ultimately improve lives and promote good health.
Operator equation and related questions of stability of differential equations
Authors: Orlik Lyubov' , Zhukova Galina
Published: April 2020

The monograph is devoted to the application of methods of functional analysis to the problems of qualitative theory of differential equations. Describes an algorithm to bring the differential boundary value problem to an operator equation. The research of solutions to operator equations of special kind in the spaces polutoratonny with a cone, where the limitations of the elements of these spaces is understood as the comparability them with a fixed scale element of exponential type. Found representations of the solutions of operator equations in the form of contour integrals, theorems of existence and uniqueness of such solutions. The spectral criteria for boundedness of solutions of operator equations and, as a consequence, sufficient spectral features boundedness of solutions of differential and differential-difference equations in Banach space. The results obtained for operator equations with operators and work of Volterra operators, allowed to extend to some systems of partial differential equations known spectral stability criteria for solutions of A. M. Lyapunov and also to generalize theorems on the exponential characteristic.
The results of the monograph may be useful in the study of linear mechanical and electrical systems, in problems of diffraction of electromagnetic waves, theory of automatic control, etc.
It is intended for researchers, graduate students functional analysis and its applications to operator and differential equations.
The coherent optics and optical information processing
Authors: Berikashvili Valeriy
Published: April 2020

Presented in the textbook materials relate to the disclosure of the common features of radio and optical telecommunication systems. In detail the device and principles of operation of gas, solid and semiconductor lasers, photodetectors, key photoelectric devices, phototransistors, of photothyristors. The studied display device. Great attention is paid to the elemental basis of fiber-optical systems of collecting and information transfer.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For students in the areas of "Photonics and Optoinformatics", "Instrumentation" and "optical engineering".
Characterization, Robustness, and Aggregation of Signed Choquet Integrals
Authors: Wang Ruodu , Wei Yunran , Willmot Gordon E.
Published: April 2020

This article contains various results on a class of nonmonotone, law-invariant risk functionals called the signed Choquet integrals. A functional characterization via comonotonic additivity is established along with some theoretical properties, including six equivalent conditions for a signed Choquet integral to be convex. We proceed to address two practical issues currently popular in risk management, namely robustness (continuity) issues and risk aggregation with dependence uncertainty, for signed Choquet integrals. Our results generalize in several directions those in the literature of risk functionals. From the results obtained in this paper, we see that many profound and elegant mathematical results in the theory of risk measures hold for the general class of signed Choquet integrals; thus, they do not rely on the assumption of monotonicity.
The Distributionally Robust Chance-Constrained Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Ghosal Shubhechyya , Wiesemann Wolfram
Published: April 2020

Vehicle Routing under Uncertainty
Transportable interrogation laser system with an instability of mod σy = 3 × 10−16
Authors: Häfner Sebastian , Herbers Sofia , Vogt Stefan , Lisdat Christian , Sterr Uwe
Published: April 2020

We present an interrogation laser system for a transportable strontium lattice clock operating at 698 nm, which is based on an ultra-low-expansion glass reference cavity. Transportability is achieved by implementing a rigid, compact, and vibration insensitive mounting of the 12 cm-long reference cavity, sustaining shocks of up to 50 g. The cavity is mounted at optimized support points that independently constrain all degrees of freedom. This mounting concept is especially beneficial for cavities with a ratio of length L over diameter D L/D > 1. Generally, large L helps to reduce thermal noise-induced laser frequency instability while small D leads to small cavity volume. The frequency instability was evaluated, reaching its thermal noise floor of mod σy ≈ 3 × 10−16 for averaging times between 0.5 s and 10 s. The laser system was successfully operated during several field studies.
Evaluating the color preference of lighting: the light booth matters
Authors: Chen Wei , Huang Zheng , Liu Qiang , Pointer Michael R. , Liu Ying , Gong Hanwen
Published: April 2020

On the topic of color preference of lighting, it is commonly believed that the neutral interior of a light booth has minimum impact on the color perception of the experimental object. Meanwhile, agreement has not been reached on which objects should be placed in the booth. In this study, based on a meta-analysis of eight groups of psychophysical data, we demonstrate that the “perceived color preference” obtained by consecutive visual judgement in a light booth is closely related to the lit neutral environment, while the use of different experimental objects does not markedly influence the results for lighting quality assessment. Such a finding might be attributed to the inherent features of the visual cognition process of light booth experiments and it should be fully recognized by future work.
Nanoscale rotational optical manipulation
Authors: Hoshina Masayuki , Yokoshi Nobuhiko , Ishihara Hajime
Published: April 2020

Light has momentum, and hence, it can move small particles. The optical tweezer,
invented by Ashkin et al. [Opt. Lett. 11, 288 (1986)] is
a representative application. It traps and manipulates microparticles
and has led to great successes in the biosciences. Currently, optical
manipulation of “nano-objects” is attracting growing
attention, and new techniques have been proposed and realized. For
flexible manipulation, push–pull switching [Phys. Rev. Lett.
109, 087402 (2012)] and super-resolution trapping by
using the electronic resonance of nano-objects have been proposed [ACS Photonics
5, 318 (2017)]. However, regarding the
“rotational operation” of nano-objects, the full
potential of optical manipulation remains unknown. This study proposes
mechanisms to realize rotation and direction switching of nano-objects
in macroscopic and nanoscopic areas. By controlling the balance
between the dissipative force and the gradient force by using optical
nonlinearity, the direction of the macroscopic rotational motion of
nano-objects is switched. Further, conversion between the spin angular
momentum and orbital angular momentum by light scattering through
localized surface plasmon resonance in metallic nano-complexes induces
optical force for rotational motion in the nanoscale area. This study
pieces out fundamental operations of the nanoscale optical
manipulation of nanoparticles.
High energy redshifted and enhanced spectral broadening by molecular alignment
Authors: Fan G. , Safaei R. , Kwon O. , Schuster V. , Légaré K. , Lassonde P. , Ehteshami A. , Arias L. , Laramée A. , Beaudoin-Bertrand J. , Limpert J. , Tao Z. , Spanner M. , Schmidt B. E. , Ibrahim H. , Baltuška A. , Légaré F.
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate an efficient approach for enhancing the spectral broadening of long laser pulses and for efficient frequency redshifting by exploiting the intrinsic temporal properties of molecular alignment inside a gas-filled hollow-core fiber (HCF). We find that laser-induced alignment with durations comparable to the characteristic rotational time scaleTRotAlignenhances the efficiency of redshifted spectral broadening compared to noble gases. The applicability of this approach to Yb lasers with (few hundred femtoseconds) long pulse duration is illustrated, for which efficient broadening based on conventional Kerr nonlinearity is challenging to achieve. Furthermore, this approach proposes a practical solution for high energy broadband long-wavelength light sources, and it is attractive for many strong field applications.
Total internal reflection enabled wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Doughty Benjamin , Premadasa Uvinduni I. , Cahill John F. , Webb Amber B. , Morrell-Falvey Jennifer L. , Khalid Muneeba , Retterer Scott T. , Ma Ying-Zhong
Published: April 2020

Wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy offers an attractive means for the rapid and simultaneous acquisition of vibrationally resolved images across a large field of view. A major challenge in the implementation lies in how to achieve sufficiently strong excitation fields necessary to drive the third-order optical responses over the large focal region. Here, we report a new wide-field CARS microscope enabled by a total internal reflection excitation scheme using a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire oscillator to generate pump and broadband near-infrared Stokes pulses. The spectrally broad Stokes pulse, in combination with its inherent chirp, offers not only access to a wide range of Raman modes spanning

∼

1000

to

∼

3500

c
m

−
1

but also a straightforward means to select vibrational transitions within this range by simply varying the time delay between the pulses. The unique capabilities of this wide-field CARS microscope were validated by acquiring high-quality CARS images from the model and complex biological samples on conventional microscope coverslips.
Hierarchy of coupled mode and envelope models for bi-directional microresonators with Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Skryabin Dmitry V.
Published: April 2020

We consider the interaction of counter-propagating waves in a bi-directionally pumped ring microresonator with Kerr nonlinearity. We introduce a hierarchy of the mode expansions and envelope functions evolving on different time scales set by the cavity linewidth and nonlinearity, dispersion, and repetition rate, and provide a detailed derivation of the corresponding hierarchy of the coupled mode and of the Lugiato-Lefever-like equations. An effect of the washout of the repetition rate frequencies from the equations governing the dynamics of the counter-propagating waves is elaborated in details.
Impacts des accords de libre échange Euro-tunisien: évaluation par un modèle d’equilibre général calculable en 1996
Authors: Salem Haykel Hadj
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to compare the effects of total free trade and industrial free trade between Tunisia and the EU on the Tunisian economy. The analysis of this problem uses a computable general equilibrium model (CGEM), and this paper has two simulation sections. The first concerns total trade liberalisation, and the second a partial liberalisation. After performing the simulations, the results show that a trade liberalisation during a reasonable period is an efficient policy for a developing country. Besides, the author suggests that this liberalisation will work better if applied only to a single product or a specific category of products. In other words, a gradual free industrial trade between Tunisia and the EU might be a good strategy for the creation of a free trade area up to 2010.
Short-term deviations from monetary policy commitment in a monetary union: the degrees of freedom of an independent central bank
Authors: Dal-Pont Muriel , Torre Dominique , Tosi Elise
Published: April 2020

The paper presents a model analyzing the degrees of freedom of an independent but committed Central Bank within a monetary union. In the model, interactions between Agents, Supranational Political Authorities and the Central Bank of the Union determine the current nominal and real outcomes. Imperfectly distributed information on shocks affecting supply, transmission channels and short-term expectations create opportunities for a Central Bank to deviate from its announced objective. This opportunity to deviate especially applies to Central Banks free from any kind of inflationary bias and committed to a strictly nominal target. Under certain conditions we show that nominal deviations from stated targets are not observable either by Agents or the Supranational Political Authority that periodically selects the membership of the Council of Monetary Policy of the Bank. Those deviations increase the variance of nominal values but dampen fluctuations of real income. Our results confirm, within a monetary union, the position defended by Cukierman and Metzler concerning the efficiency of a Central Bank’s ambiguous behaviour.
The pricing of systematic liquidity risk in stock markets
Authors: Miralles Marcelo José Luis , Miralles Quirós Maria del Mar , Miralles Quirós José Luis
Published: April 2020

The question whether liquidity affects asset returns or not remains unresolved thus far. The absence of conclusive results in previous research suggests that asset pricing and liquidity have not been properly addressed in the standard literature. We consider that systematic liquidity shocks affect the optimal behavior of agents in financial markets. Indeed, fluctuations in various measures of liquidity are significantly correlated across common stocks. Accordingly, we propose the construction of a liquidity risk factor based on the ratio of absolute stock returns on euro volume suggested by Amihud (2002) and the approximately orthogonalizing procedure of Fama and French (1993), using it as an augmenting variable in their three-factor model.
Questioning rationality: the case for risk consumption
Authors: Clímaco Maria Isabel , Ramos Luís Moura
Published: April 2020

The standard assumption of rational, forward looking behavior has been heavily questioned given the impossibility of understanding some risk consumption behaviors within such a framework. The Becker and Murphy theory of rational addiction made a start on this debate fostering new refinements within the original rational theory framework as well as promising approaches based on the latest developments of cognitive science.This paper makes an overview confronting two main approaches highlighting their different time preferences assumptions. On the one hand the debate assumes rationality even in extreme situations of risk consumption - addictive behavior. On the other, new developments in the explanation of habits and addictive behaviours take an economic-psychological approach into consideration and have substantially different policy implications.
Economias à escala e endogeneidade dos factores produtivos. Análise regional e sectorial ao nível das NuTs II portuguesas
Authors: Soukiazis Elias , Pereira Martinho Vítor João
Published: April 2020

Com este trabalho pretende-se testar a validade da Lei de Verdoorn, no caso da economia portuguesa a nível regional (NUTs II) e sectorial, no período 1995 a 1999. Por outro lado, verificar de que forma novas variáveis adicionadas (fluxos de mercadorias, acumulação de capital e concentração) influenciam o comportamento desta relação. Tenciona-se, assim, analisar a existência de economias à escala crescentes, e verificar de que forma as novas variáveis influenciam as conclusões sobre a existência destas economias e deste modo indagar sobre a complementaridade entre os modelos da polarização, associados à teoria Keynesiana, e os da aglomeração, associados à Nova Geografia Económica. Os resultados obtidos das estimações em painel mostram que a relação original de Verdoorn é mais robusta quer a nível regional quer a nível sectorial. As variáveis adicionais pouco influenciam os resultados sobre as economias à escala crescentes.
Tradeoff between marginal welfare costs
Authors: P. M. da Silva Mário Alexandre
Published: April 2020

This paper studies the implications of a tradeoff between the social costs of public funding and the social costs of monopoly in a framework of government procurement and a framework of regulation both under incomplete information. The directions of cost, effort and output distortions are determined with reference to the complete information benchmark.
Sobre a perda de ímpeto no processo de convergência da economia Portuguesa: uma abordagem dogmática
Authors: De Freitas Miguel Lebre
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo argumenta-se que a perda progressiva de ímpeto observada na trajectória de convergência da Economia Portuguesa é consistente com a interpretação neo-clássica, segundo a qual as economias crescerão tão mais devagar quanto mais próximas estiverem do seu equilíbrio de longo prazo. Com base num exercício simples de contabilidade de níveis, argumenta-se que o impulso de crescimento observado na segunda metade do século passado terá sido essencialmente induzido por um aumento da produtividade total dos factores (PTF), ocorrido nas décadas de 60 e 70. Relativamente às duas décadas seguintes, não se detectam novos movimentos de convergência em termos de PTF. Pelo contrário, os resultados da análise sugerem que a convergência do PIB por trabalhador registada nas últimas duas décadas do século XX foi essencialmente a tradução do processo de ajustamento da economia ao impulso inicial na PTF.
90 años de nueva cultura “nanban”
Authors: Ory José Antonio de
Published: April 2020

Es conocido el aprecio de los japoneses por Dalí, Picasso, Miró, Dalí, Falla, Albéniz o, sobre todo, Gaudí y el flamenco. Más allá, sin embargo, hay influencias y presencias de la cultura española no tan conocidas en algunos de los más relevantes creadores japoneses. Este breve ensayo recupera algunas, en ámbitos como las artes escénicas, el cine, la fotografía o la arquitectura.
Specific Features of Application of the FAS Order No. 220 in Respect of Determination of Commodity Boundaries of the Merchandise Market (On the Example of the Mineral Wool Market)
Authors: DOROGOV Nikolay I. , KAPITONOV Ivan A.
Published: April 2020

Authors of this research analyze specific features of application of the Order of the Federal Anti-Monopoly Service (FAS) No. 220 in respect of determination of commodity boundaries of the market and creation of necessary conditions for competition in the mineral wool market. Preliminary determination of the commodities, which was carried out on the basis of analysis of the All-Russian classifiers of products and kinds of economic activity, has shown that in the course of determination of the merchandise market it is necessary to include glass wool, slag wool, and stone wool into one and the same commodity group. Due to the complexity of performance of the comprehensive and representative expert investigation, it is possible to utilize the data of the RF FAS research, which was carried already. Authors of this article describe specific features of determination of the merchandise market through the example of such commodities as ‘the glass wool goods’: this market was subject to analysis of the RF FAS in 2017. Selection of the investigation methods is to be made on the basis of the investigation periods and accessibility of information (among other factors).
Problems of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS)
Authors: KANG Taewook
Published: April 2020

The research deals with Problems of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) focused on Investment Arbitration. The author especially focuses on the problems under BIT (Bilateral Investment Treaties) and FTA (Free Trade Agreements. Mentioned in this article, International investment disputes are generated due to host countries and foreign investors. ISDS is Dispute settlements between investors and countries. This is not suit proceedings but arbitration proceedings. That is, ‘activities of the third party to arbitrate and settle disputes by intervening between parties in dispute. ’However, Dispute Settlement through this way, is it really reasonable and fair system? If it is indeed fair and reasonable system, advanced countries like the United States and Australia would not have abandoned it. Therefore, the investment arbitration system is never a dispute settlement proceeding that has been verified and stabilized internationally.
Rapid Adaptation to Changing Mechanical Load by Ordered Recruitment of Identified Motor Neurons
Authors: Gill Jeffrey P. , Chiel Hillel J.
Published: April 2020

As they interact with their environment and encounter challenges, animals adjust their behavior on a moment-to-moment basis to maintain task fitness. This dynamic process of adaptive motor control occurs in the nervous system, but an understanding of the biomechanics of the body is essential to properly interpret the behavioral outcomes. To study how animals respond to changing task conditions, we used a model system in which the functional roles of identified neurons and the relevant biomechanics are well understood and can be studied in intact behaving animals: feeding in the marine molluscAplysia. We monitored the motor neuronal output of the feeding circuitry as intact animals fed on uniform food stimuli under unloaded and loaded conditions, and we measured the force of retraction during loaded swallows. We observed a previously undescribed pattern of force generation, which can be explained within the appropriate biomechanical context by the activity of just a few key, identified motor neurons. We show that, when encountering load, animals recruit identified retractor muscle motor neurons for longer and at higher frequency to increase retraction force duration. Our results identify a mode by which animals robustly adjust behavior to their environment, which is experimentally tractable to further mechanistic investigation.