bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of GenoType MTBDRsl assay for detection of second-line drugs and ethambutol resistance directly from sputum specimens of MDR-TB patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman S. M. Mazidur , Nasrin Rumana , Rahman Arfatur , Ahmed Shahriar , Khatun Razia , Uddin Mohammad Khaja Mafij , Rahman Md. Mojibur , Banu Sayera
Published: December 2021

Background

Rapid and early detection of drug susceptibility among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients could guide the timely initiation of effective treatment and reduce transmission of drug-resistant TB. In the current study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of GenoType MTBDRsl (MTBDRsl) ver1.0 assay for detection of resistance to ofloxacin (OFL), kanamycin (KAN) and ethambutol (EMB), and additionally the XDR-TB among MDR-TB patients in Bangladesh.

Methods

The MTBDRsl assay was performed directly on 218 smear-positive sputum specimens collected from MDR-TB patients and the results were compared with the phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) performed on solid Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) media. We also analyzed the mutation patterns of gyrA, rrs, and embB genes for detection of resistance to OFL, KAN and EMB, respectively.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of the MTBDRsl compared to phenotypic L-J DST were 81.8% (95% CI, 69.1–90.9) and 98.8% (95% CI, 95.6–99.8), respectively for OFL (PPV: 95.7% & NPV: 94.1%); 65.1% (95% CI, 57.5–72.2) and 86.7% (95% CI, 73.2–94.9), respectively for EMB (PPV: 94.9% & NPV: 39.4%); and 100% for KAN. The diagnostic accuracy of KAN, OFL and EMB were 100, 94.5 and 69.6%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of MtBDRsl for detection of XDR-TB was 100%. The most frequently observed mutations were at codon D94G (46.8%) of gyrA gene, A1401G (83.3%) of rrs gene, and M306V (41.5%) of the embB gene.

Conclusion

Considering the excellent performance in this study we suggest that MTBDRsl assay can be used as an initial rapid test for detection of KAN and OFL susceptibility, as well as XDR-TB directly from smear-positive sputum specimens of MDR-TB patients in Bangladesh.
Universities’ Scientific and Technological Transformation in China: Its Efficiency and Influencing Factors in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Zou Lin , Zhu Yi-Wen
Published: December 2021

Universities are important sources of knowledge and key members of the regional innovation system. The key problem in Chinese universities is the low efficiency of the scientific and technological (S&T) transformation, which limits the promotion of regional innovation and economic development. This article proposes the three-stage efficiency analytical framework, which regards it as a complex and interactive process. Avoiding the problem of considering the input and output of university S&T transformation as a “black box” and neglecting the links among different transformation stages. The super efficiency network SBM model is applied to the heterogeneous region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Empirical research proves that university S&T transformation has not been effectively improved and the scientific resources invested in universities have not been efficiently utilized in recent years. Generally, Despite the correlation between regional economy and transformation efficiency, the exclusive increase in resources is not enough. Regional openness and the quality of research talents are key factors for the application of technological innovation and technology marketization. Universities should not only pursue the number of research outputs but pay more attention to high-quality knowledge production to overcome difficulties in research achievements transformation.
Short communication: Distribution of phospholipids in parotid cancer by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Kanetake Hirofumi , Kato-Kogoe Nahoko , Terada Tetsuya , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Hamada Wataru , Nakajima Yoichiro , Hirose Yoshinobu , Ueno Takaaki , Kawata Ryo
Published: December 2021

Background

Parotid cancer is relatively rare, and malignancy varies; therefore, novel markers are needed to predict prognosis. Recent advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS), useful for visualization of lipid molecules, have revealed the relationship between cancer and lipid metabolism, indicating the potential of lipids as biomarkers. However, the distribution and importance of phospholipids in parotid cancer remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to use MALDI-IMS to comprehensively investigate the spatial distribution of phospholipids characteristically expressed in human parotid cancer tissues.

Methods

Tissue samples were surgically collected from two patients with parotid cancer (acinic cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma). Frozen sections of the samples were assessed using MALDI-IMS in both positive and negative ion modes, with anm/zrange of 600–1000. The mass spectra obtained in the tumor and non-tumor regions were compared and analyzed. Ion images corresponding to the peak characteristics of the tumor regions were visualized.

Results

Several candidate phospholipids with significantly different expression levels were detected between the tumor and non-tumor regions. The number of unique lipid peaks with significantly different intensities between the tumor and non-tumor regions was 95 and 85 for Cases 1 and 2, respectively, in positive ion mode, and 99 and 97 for Cases 1 and 2, respectively, in negative ion mode. Imaging differentiated the characteristics that phospholipids were heterogeneously distributed in the tumor regions.

Conclusion

Phospholipid candidates that are characteristically expressed in human parotid cancer tissues were found, demonstrating the localization of their expression. These findings are notable for further investigation of alterations in lipid metabolism of parotid cancer and may have potential for the development of phospholipids as biomarkers.
Strategically communicating climate crisis: How ecovillages and cohousing pursue structural change in the built environment
Authors: Macary Jared T. , Adae Eric Kwame
Published: December 2021

Climate crisis, fuelled by dominant social, political and economic structures, causes a rift in the Earth’s metabolism. In the built environment, where people live and work, social-ecological communities, such as ecovillages and cohousing, model and pursue alternative, interconnected relations with nature. This study examines five social-ecological communities in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and their use of strategic communication to pursue structural change. Long interviews identified three themes and eight sub-themes through which community members influence the mainstream that surrounds them and enrich their own membership and infrastructure. This study demonstrates that postmodern approaches to strategic communication active on the local level, while in tension with modernist approaches, provide an effective means to respond to climate crisis in the built environment.
Elements in the biographical discourse of the documentary Ole Bull
Authors: Helseth Tore
Published: December 2021

The article discusses how the biographical is represented in the documentary Ole Bull (), a film about the world-famous Norwegian composer and violin virtuoso (1810–80). It focuses on the biographical discourse – that is, by what kind of stylistic devices his life story is told and the audio-visual strategies the film employs to make the past present.
We’re Not Here to Entertain: Punk Rock, Ronald Reagan, and the Real Culture War of 1980s America, Kevin Mattson (2020)
Authors: Mego Paul
Published: December 2021

Review of: We’re Not Here to Entertain: Punk Rock, Ronald Reagan, and the Real Culture War of 1980s America, Kevin Mattson (2020)

New York: Oxford University Press, 288 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19090-823-2, h/bk, £14
Statements of Intent 1982–1987, 4 CD box set, Conflict
Authors: Dines Mike
Published: December 2021

Review of: Statements of Intent 1982–1987, 4 CD box set, Conflict

London: Cherry Red, £21.99

 

Statements of Intent 1988–1994, 5 CD box set, Conflict

London: Cherry Red, £21.99
Assessment of Water Quality of Khari River in Agra District During
Lockdown Period using Multivariant Techniques and Quality Indexes
Authors: Saraswat R.K. , Verghesep S. , Pachauri T.
Published: December 2021

Throughout the world, the lock-down period during COVID-19 (March 2020- July 2021) has reported
an improvement in the ecological scenario with controlled anthropogenic activities. This study presents
a comparative assessment of water quality of the highly polluted Khari river in Agra district (India)
during the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic period of COVID-19. The result was analyzed in terms of
water quality index (WQI), the most accessed tool used by various researchers to report the water
quality. In addition, Aggressive index (AI) and Langelier saturation index (LSI) have also been
determined. Further, multivariate analysis has been performed in terms of principal component analysis
(PCA). ANOVA has been used to study the variance of the parameters. The study revealed a positive
impact of pandemic on the water quality as the parameters improved during the post-pandemic period
as compared to the pre-pandemic period. However, as the river was highly polluted during the
pre-pandemic period, strict actions are required for further improvement in its water quality for
agricultural, industrial and industrial use.
Antioxidant and Cardioprotective Evaluation of Some N-(3-Chloro-2-oxo-4-
arylazetidin-1-yl)-2-[(4-oxo-2-aryl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide Derivatives
Authors: Padmini Durbhaka S. , Swarnalatha Dugasani , Prasad S.V.U.M.
Published: December 2021

A series of N-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-arylazetidin-1-yl)-2-[(4-oxo-2-aryl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide
derivatives [SLP VI 1(a-d)-2(a-d)] were synthesized from 7-hydroxy flavone derivatives through the
intermediate Schiff bases. The synthesized compounds were investigated for in vitro antioxidant property
by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The title compounds with good antioxidant potency were further
evaluated for possible cardioprotective effect by doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. All biochemical
changes were normalized after oral administration of the test compounds at the dose of 50 μg/kg. The
results showed the significant (p < 0.05) increase in antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide
dismutase in heart tissue homogenates. These observations enable us to conclude that the synthesized
derivatives SLP VI 1b, VI 1c, VI 2b and VI 2d have cardioprotective activity against doxorubicin
induced cardiotoxicity. Further, an attempt has been made to perform in silico studies on the synthesized
compounds to predict the interaction between test ligands and prospective cardiovascular protein targets
using molecular docking tools. The title compounds have good binding affinity with MAPkinase P38
and PKCβ cardiovascular targets.
Gastroprotective Effects of Methanolic Leaves and Stem Extracts of
Sphagneticola trilobata on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
Authors: Singhal Kartik , Majee Chandana , Pentela Bhavani , Sharma Vikas
Published: December 2021

The medicinal plant Sphagneticola trilobata native to South America is used in local folk medicine to
treat inflammation and analgesics. In present study, gastroprotective effects of methanolic extracts of
S. trilobata leaves and stem were investigated in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats at doses
of 200 mg/kg for leave extract and 350 mg/kg for stem extract. Indomethacin produced stomach
ulcers and increased neutrophil percentage and MDA levels compared to the control group (p < 0.001).
Co-administration of indomethacin and omeprazole, methanolic extracts of leaves (200 mg/kg) (p <
0.001) and methanolic extracts (350 mg/kg) (p < 0.05) of stem compared to indomethacin group to
ulcers was low (p < 0.001). Methanolic extracts (200 mg/kg) of leaves and methanolic extracts (350
mg/kg) of stem reduced MDA levels (p < 0.001). Methanolic extracts (200 mg/kg) of leaves and
methanolic extracts (350 mg/kg) of the stem significantly decreased neutrophil percentage compared
to indomethacin group (p < 0.001). The results suggest that the methanolic extracts of Sphagneticola
trilobata leaves and stem have a protective effect on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers.
Crystal Violet Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution using
Activated Chickpea Husk (Cicer arientum)
Authors: Rani Sonia , Chaudhary Sudesh
Published: December 2021

The chickpea husk (Cicer arientum) were activated by chemical modification with sulphuric acid, for
its application as biosorbent for the remediation of crystal violet dye from wastewater. Activated
chickpea husk (ACH) was characterized for its chemical structure and morphology using Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The after effects of
leading affecting parameters like dose of adsorbent, time of contact, pH and concentration were studied
by commencing experiments in batch mode. Adsorption mechanism and sorption efficiency of ACH
was examined using variety of isotherms (Langmuir & Freundlich) and kinetic models (pseudo first
order and pseudo second order). Experimental data for adsorption rate was in good harmony with the
results obtained using pseudo second order model. The adsorption capacity determined using Langmuir
isotherm and pseudo second order model was found to be 142.85 mg/g.
Study on the Effect of Dual Solvent Proportions on Composition of
Rosa x damascena Concrete Oil Obtained using Soxhlet Extraction Method
Authors: Sofiya K. , Kumar G. Bharath
Published: December 2021

Concrete oil was extracted from Rosa x damascena using different percentage ratios of solvents
(petroleum ether and ethanol) by the Soxhlet extraction method. The extraction was carried out using
petroleum ether and ethanol in five different percentage ratios of (v/v) (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75,
0:100) (petroleum ether:ethanol). The rotary vacuum evaporator was used to separate concrete oil and
the solvents. The extracted concrete oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) technique. The obtained results show that many new compounds were identified, at two
different solvents and its ratios. Phenylethyl alcohol in the percentages of (61.71%), (10.07%) and
(25.92%) was obtained as a major compound with the solvent percentages of (100:0), (50:50) and
(75:25) (PE:E), respectively. Hexacosane (37.2%) was identified as a major compound when pure
ethanol is used as a solvent. The highest number of components were identified (totally 93 components)
when an equal percentage (50:50) of petroleum ether and ethanol were mixed. The usual monoterpenes
components, e.g. geraniol, nerol, citronellol and linalool, were not found in the present extraction study.
This study concludes that the compositions of concrete oil were mainly influenced by the type of solvents
and its ratios used for the extraction
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Some New Tellurium(IV)
Complexes Derived from 2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)imino methyl]-1-naphthol Schiff Base
Authors: Dalal Mahak , Kumar Manish , Verma K.K. , Garg Sapana
Published: December 2021

This article reports the synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial screening of a tridentate
2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)imino methyl]-1-naphthol ligand (H2AP) and its organotellurium(IV) complexes.
Structural characterization of the synthesized ligand and complexes was confirmed by using FT-IR,
1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-vis, mass spectrometry, molar conductance and elemental analysis. Geometry
of all the synthesized compounds has been optimized and their DFT based chemical reactivity
descriptors were calculated. DFT and spectral data studies revealed distorted square pyramidal geometry
for the tellurium(IV) complexes. In vitro antimicrobial activities of the synthesized ligand and its
tellurium(IV)complexes were evaluated against two Gram-positive, two Gram-negative bacterial strains
and three fungal strains. The tellurium(IV) complexes exhibited promising activity as compared to the
Schiff base ligand.
Fabrication of Magnetic Nanoparticles Integrated Carbon Matrix from Chrysopogon
zizanioides Roots: Strong Dye Adsorption and Persulphate Assisted Photodegradation
Authors: Sri Archana A.P. Mary , Vasu A. Edwin
Published: December 2021

Activated carbon with magnetic nanoparticles was prepared from the roots of Chrysopogon zizanioides
by impregnating the biomass with Fe3+ followed by carbonization in a muffle furnace. To assist the
carbonization process, Zn2+ ions were also taken along with ferric ions during impregnation. The pHZPC,
density of surface functional groups, surface acidity constants and advanced characterizations like FT-IR,
N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, SEM with EDAX, DLS, XRD and VSM analysis were carried
out. The adsorption and natural sunlight induced photooxidation of two cationic dyes, namely, methylene
blue and rhodamine B in presence of potassium persulphate were studied by varying parameters like
time, dye concentration, pH of the dye solution, amount of magnetic activated carbon and concentration
of persulphate ions. The adsorption capacities of methylene blue and rhodamine B were found to be
5.97 and 0.96 mg/g, respectively. Photocatalytic oxidation of the dyes was very rapid in the presence
of persulphate with the observed rate constants being 5.3 × 10–3 min–1 for methylene blue and 13.0 ×
10–3 min–1 for rhodamine B. The magnetic activated carbon is found to be effective even after five
successive degradation experiments.
Prevalence of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Obese Pregnant Women - A Study from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: George Ann Mary , Kumar Ajay
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND Obesity has emerged as an important risk factor in modern obstetrics and poses a major threat to pregnancy by causing complications including gestational diabetes. It also increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in later life. Obesity creates major technical challenges in providing maternity services too. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in obese pregnant women in a Government Medical College over one year. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted among obese pregnant women, registered at the Outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Government Medical College, Kottayam from January 2017 to December 2017. 450 women were considered for the study after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. BMI was calculated using pre-pregnant weight. An oral glucose test was performed with 75 gm glucose at 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy after 8 hours of fasting. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group cut-offs i.e., fasting blood sugar values more than 92 mg/dl, 1hr value more than 180 mg/dl, 2 hr value more than 153 mg/dl were used as the criteria. Oral glucose tolerance was considered abnormal if any of the above values were impaired. RESULTS The prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance among the 450 pregnant women was 35.6 %. The incidence of abnormal GTT increased with increasing age and in those with a history of menstrual irregularities and infertility treatment. No relation was found between economic status, family history of diabetes, preeclampsia and abnormal GTT. CONCLUSIONS Obesity turns to be a menace in the reproductive life of women that begins by affecting the fertility, continues to cause complications in pregnancy, increases morbidity in the long-term future and reduces the quality of life. Since more than one-third of the study population was affected by gestational diabetes, active intervention to reduce the weight preconceptionally is needed. KEY WORDS Obesity, Glucose Tolerance Test, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Body Mass Index, Pregnancy
Comparison of Phenylephrine and Ephedrine in the Treatment of Hypotension and Its Effects on the Foetus after Subarachnoid Block for Caesarean Section
Authors: Muneer Khawer , Khurshid Hina , H. K. Venkatesh
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND Subarachnoid block has been widely used for caesarean sections and is found to be safe. Hypotension being the most common complication may adversely affect both the mother and foetus. Different measures used to treat this hypotension include preloading with crystalloids/colloids and treatment with vasopressors. The standard choice of vasopressor agents such as ephedrine and phenylephrine is still a controversial issue. It is therefore important to compare the efficacy of the two drugs in the prevention and treatment of maternal hypotension after subarachnoid block and particularly assess their effect on the foetus. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the foetal acid-base status and APGAR score following administration of bolus dose of ephedrine or phenylephrine that was given intravenously for maintenance of arterial blood pressure during lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) under a subarachnoid block. METHODS 100 parturients (18 to 35 years) scheduled for elective caesarean section under subarachnoid block were selected and divided into two groups of 50 each. Group P received 50 mcg i.v bolus of phenylephrine and Group E received 6 mg of ephedrine IV bolus whenever the blood pressure dropped 20 % from baseline or systolic blood pressure ˂ 90 mmHg. Haemodynamic parameters were measured in all patients. APGAR scores at 1 and 5 minutes following delivery of baby were assessed and cord blood was obtained for acid-base status analysis immediately following delivery. RESULTS Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure did not show any significant difference between the two groups, however, Group E showed higher heart rates. The difference in umbilical artery pH (P-value < 0.001) and base excess (P-value = 0.004) was statistically significant with Group E showing lower pH and higher base excess values than Group P. There was no statistically significant difference in neonatal APGAR scores between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Phenylephrine and ephedrine are equally efficient in managing hypotension during subarachnoid block for caesarean delivery. Thus, either vasopressor can be used although phenylephrine may be a better choice. KEY WORDS Caesarean Section, Phenylephrine, Ephedrine.
Care-Arbeit und Care-Berufe
Authors: Werding Martin
Published: December 2021

Care work can be provided in various forms and in differing institutional settings, ranging from private households over social networks and charitable organizations to public or private entities employing professional care persons. All these forms of care work create a value-added, but are subject to very different economic conditions. Focusing on professional care and building on German micro-data, the article shows preliminary evidence that there might be a »care wage-gap«, i.e., a systematic disadvantage of care workers compared to other professions in terms of their remuneration. It points out how this presumption could be thoroughly scrutinized and suggests possible reasons - among other things, the existence of informal care - that could be tested in subsequent steps.
Helfen, weil es glücklich macht?
Authors: Klöcker Katharina
Published: December 2021

The author turns to the question of the significance of motivation for action. She explains how, from the perspective of Christian ethics, this basic moral philosophical problem is further exacerbated by a thought of God that is aimed at practical action. Since Christian faith can motivate to social action, but not justify morality, the question of the religious motives of helping and the experiences associated with them becomes virulent in the present context. If Christianity wants to develop a motivating force for solidarity in post-secular societies, Christian ethics cannot avoid critically reflecting on Christian motives in terms of structures that promote asymmetries and dependencies. At the same time, it must extrapolate alternative religious interpretations of helping that can develop plausibility potential in society and become morally effective.
Studying the Liver Function in Male Neonates of Rats Born to Sertraline-Treated Mothers
Authors: Safaei Vida , Shariati Mehrdad
Published: December 2021

Sertraline is an antidepressant which has toxic effects on the liver. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Sertraline administration in pregnancy on liver function of male neonates of rats. Twenty-five pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 5. The control group did not receive any drug treatments, but experimental (Exp) groups 1, 2 and 3 received 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg Sertraline as gavage throughout the pregnancy, respectively. Twenty-two days after birth, male rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 based on the previous division and after weighing, by taking blood directly from the heart, serum levels of Alanine transaminase (Alt), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (Alp), Albumin (Alb), Total protein (TP), and Bilirubin (Bili) were measured and the liver tissue was also analyzed histopathologically after weighing. In Exp groups, a significant decrease in body weight, TP and Alb serum levels were observed compared to the control group (p<0.05). In Exp group 3, a significant decrease in liver weight was observed compared to the control group (p˂0.05). In Exp groups 2 and 3, a significant increase in serum levels of Alp, Alt and Bili in was observed compared to the control group (p˂0.05). A significant increase in AST serum level was observed in Exp groups compared to the control group (p˂0.05). Liver tissue destruction was observed in all 3 Exp groups. The administration of Sertraline in pregnant female rats causes liver damage and increases liver enzymes and blood biochemical parameters in their male offspring.
Datumskunst
Authors: Obermayr Brigitte
Published: December 2021

Das Datum ist ein Ready-made der Zeiterfahrung. Es ist gegenüber den kalendarisch fixierten Katastrophen unschuldig und gibt doch Anlass: zu Erinnerung und Wiederholung; zu Erzählung und Ereignis. Das Buch untersucht das Hervortreten des Datums aus dem Paratext, die Transgression seiner vermeintlichen Funktion, reine Indikation zu sein. Die Möglichkeitsform ist im Datum nicht nur mitgegeben, sondern mitaufgegeben. Das Buch stellt Phänomene aus bildender Kunst und Literatur des 20. Jahrhunderts in der Sowjetunion und Russland vor, in denen dies sichtbar, erzählbar, denkbar wird: Konstruktivistische Datumsbilder, Umdatierungen, Zeitungstage als Beispieltage, remontierende narrative Interventionen als Zeitgenoss*innenschaft, Datumsgedichte.
Chamameceros exóticos
Authors: Obregón Emanuel
Published: December 2021

Este artículo presenta un análisis sonoro–discursivo del segmento «Chamamece­ros Exóticos» correspondiente al ciclo radiofónico Los Chamameceros, producido y conducido por Antonio Tarragó Ros, transmitido por Radio Nacional Rosario entre 2007–2019. El obje­tivo del análisis es reflexionar cómo se manifiestan las representaciones sociales (Mosco­vici, 1985; Jodelet, 2002) y de qué manera configuran un paradigma estético musical (Gar­cía, 2010) del «Chamamé exótico». Se tipifica un conjunto de atributos (características técni­cas e instrumentales, organización del material musical, interpretación musical, etc.) para esta blecer un repertorio de sonoridades que permite identificar al «Chamamé exótico» en contraposición al «Chamamé canónico». La exploración conjunta del entramado sociodiscursivo y del agrupamiento selectivo de obras musicales que Tarragó Ros —en tanto representante destacado del género musical, cuyo estatus social y roles asumidos son reconocidos en un amplio campo cultural (Merriam, 1979)— realiza a través de un medio de radiodifusión de alcance nacional, nos permite describir un mecanismo de «autoexotismo» (Izquierdo–König, 2016) que revela una apertura del Chamamé hacia otros espacios simbólicos de reconocimiento y aceptación.
Nación/Canción
Authors: Reccitelli Lucas
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo propone una lectura posible acerca de los modos en los que se plantea la representación de la nación en la música de Liliana Herrero (1949–actualidad). Para ello, partimos de un análisis de las concepciones relativas a la nación presentes en el discurso verbal de la misma cantora y filósofa, examinadas a través del prisma de las perspectivas sobre la nación de Alejandro Grim­son. Luego, proyectando en clave metafórica la noción del folclore como metonimia de la nación sobre la producción de Herrero, proponemos la siguiente hipótesis: al interpelar, des­articular y «contrafusionar» la materialidad del folclore tradicional, la cantora interpela, desar­ticula y lleva al choque a la noción esencial de Nación. Así, en la producción interpretativa de Herrero, para la cual proponemos una periodización, se postulan visiones diversas sobre la nación en sucesivos momentos. A través de un análisis musical de dos versiones de la autora sobre piezas de Atahualpa Yupanqui producidas entre 1989 y 1994, mostramos cómo opera el modo de representación del primero de los momentos identificados. A modo de epílogo, sugerimos los modos hacia los cuales la autora vira en momentos subsiguientes de su carrera.
Rivalry in the Time of Pandemic: COVID-19 Impact on the Balance of Power between the United States and China
Authors: Pagán Sánchez Antonio José
Published: December 2021

In 2020, humanity witnessed with perplexity the expansion of the largest pandemic outbreak in the last century. The coronavirus crisis would have tragic effects on society and healthcare throughout the world, but its consequences go far beyond these two areas. In the field of international relations, the pandemic has impacted the balance of power between the United States and China, whose relationship was already facing rising tensions. While the former was unable to control the spread of the virus in its territory, the second managed to curb it after the initial bewilderment. In order to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the balance of power between both countries, this paper will focus on three areas: economic power, ideological power, and international maneuverability. The results indicate that China has been relatively favored, but also that the United States still has opportunities to preserve its international leadership.
REPRESENTASI IDEOLOGI POPULISME DALAM PEMBERITAAN TEMPO CO
Authors: Deha Daniel
Published: December 2021

This research discusses about the representation of populist ideology in the Tempo.co’s reporting on #2019GantiPresiden social movement. It uses a critical constructivist paradigm with a qualitative-descriptive approach. The research method used is the framing analysis method with Robert N. Entman’s framing analysis model. The results show that Tempo.co uses a language that is unique and synonymous with the concept of populism through words, sentences and images. These dictums not only show Tempo.co’s ideology, but simultaneously represent a populist ideology in its reporting. Tempo.co described the mass demonstration (social movement) as a dualism of the Indonesian political democracy system. On one side, Indonesia’s political climate is not yet familiar and passionate about populism issues, but on the other side, Tempo.co actually anticipates disruption due to the radicalism of religious-fundamentalists group. Tempo.co’s ideology represents the whole face of media politics in Indonesia which regards populism as a deviant ideology.
The Correlations between Cord Blood Leptin and Leptin Level at Six Months with Infant Growth
Authors: Rosita Ika Rara , Utari Agustini , Mexitalia Maria
Published: December 2021

Background: Leptin plays an important role in regulating body weight, metabolism, and reproductive functions. Leptin affects metabolism by reducing nutrient intake and increasing energy expenditure which eventually also plays a role in infant growth.Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between leptin levels and infant growth age 0-6 months.Methods: A prospective cohort study was done for six months on 38 infants, age 0-6 months, from breastfeeding mothers with normal pregnancies. The samples were taken twice, firstly when the infant was born using an umbilical cord blood sample, and secondly at the age of six months, using a vein blood sample. Serum leptin levels were measured using the ELISA method. Infant growth was assessed using WHO 2005’s z-scores.Results: A total of 50 babies were included in the study, 38 of them had been studied completely. Significant correlations were found between the mean of the umbilical cord and six months of age leptin levels (p <0.001), between delta leptin with WHZ and delta leptin with WAZ at six months of age (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively), and between leptin levels with WHZ (p<0.001) and leptin levels with WAZ (p = 0.004) at six months of age. Leptin levels at the age of six months are lower than umbilical cord blood leptin. Conclusion: The greater decrease of leptin level in the first six months is associated with better infant growth.
Duszpasterstwo Kościoła w Polsce wobec postępującego pluralizmu społeczno-kulturowego
Authors: Przybecki Adam
Published: December 2021

The progressive social and cultural pluralism in Poland remains a significant challenge for the pastoral work of the Church. Its origins could already be seen in the late 1970s, when Poland was still under the leadership of the Communist Party. The article discusses the ongoing process of social and cultural pluralism and the consequences that result from it, for the pastoral ministry of the Church in Poland. The author tries to describe this process and then introduces the main thoughts of the Church's teaching regarding the phenomenon in question. At the end, he formulates proposals that can become an impulse for Polish pastoral ministry.
Fenomenologiczny paradygmat psychoterapii Gestalt
Authors: JAWOR MAREK
Published: December 2021

This article examines the influence of the assumptions of the phenomenological method on the shape of Gestalt psychotherapy. Therefore, a comparative analysis of the main ideas of Edmund Husserl’s  philosophy and the basic assumptions of Gestalt psychotherapy was performer. The strenght and importance of the underlying connections are indicated by both research methods used in Gestalt therapy: the directness of experiencem „suspedding” one’s own beliefs, horizontal description, and categories related to awareness: contact intentionality and „here and now” experience.
Truth in Practical Reason: Practical and Assertoric Truth in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics
Authors: Pantoulias Michail , Vergouli Vasiliki , Thanassas Panagiotis
Published: December 2021

Truth has always been a controversial subject in Aristotelian scholarship. In most cases, including some well-known passages in the Categories, De Interpretatione and Metaphysics, Aristotle uses the predicate ‘true’ for assertions, although exceptions are many and impossible to ignore. One of the most complicated cases is the concept of practical truth in the sixth book of Nicomachean Ethics: its entanglement with action and desire raises doubts about the possibility of its inclusion to the propositional model of truth. Nevertheless, in one of the most extensive studies on the subject, C. Olfert has tried to show that this is not only possible but also necessary. In this paper, we explain why trying to fit practical truth into the propositional model comes with insurmount­able problems. In order to overcome these problems, we focus on multiple aspects of practical syllogism and correlate them with Aristo­tle’s account of desire, happiness and the good. Identifying the role of such concepts in the specific steps of practical reasoning, we reach the conclusion that practical truth is best explained as the culmination of a well-executed practical syllogism taken as a whole, which ultimately explains why this type of syllogism demands a different approach and a different kind of truth than the theoretical one.
The use of the elements of neuroandragogy in the religious education of the elderly
Authors: Gogolik Mirosław
Published: December 2021

The need to enliven the catechesis of the elderly and to take advantage of the richness and experience of this social group resounds significantly in contemporary catechetical reflection. This is mainly due to the fact that society, and thus the community of the Church, is affected by the problem of the progressive aging of its members. In the catechetical dimension, it becomes important, among other things, to take appropriate steps to adapt the catechesis of the elderly in terms of appropriate content, tools and structure. The suggested specific educational offer should stimulate and encourage to verify and deepen one’s own religious knowledge, help answer nagging questions, especially existential ones in an eschatological perspective, and find a place and role of the elderly in the community of believers. In this study, the notion of old age and aging in the social and theological aspect was first analyzed, then the basic assumptions of neuroandragogy and the most important aspects of catechesis of the elderly were presented. The next part featured practical implications for the use of selected elements of andragogy and neuroandragogy in catechesis and the broadly understood activity and religious education of the elderly.
Profetyczny wymiar Centesimus annus. Analiza z perspektywy 30. rocznicy publikacji trzeciej encykliki społecznej Jana Pawła II
Authors: Gocko Jerzy
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest profetyczny wymiar trzeciej encykliki społecznej Jana Pawła II jako przesłania na czas transformacji dla krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej po upadku komunizmu. Centesimus annus była głosem Kościoła, który, zgodnie z naturą własnej nauki społecznej i jej profetyczno-krytyczną specyfiką, ma prawo do wydawania osądu w sprawach społecznych. Publikacja pokazuje różne aspekty profetyzmu encykliki, podkreślając jej ponadczasowość i aktualność.
Expert interpretation of genes and variants in hereditary hearing loss
Authors: DiStefano Marina T. , Hughes Madeline Y. , Patel Mayher J. , Wilcox Emma H. , Oza Andrea M.
Published: December 2021

Background:
Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory deficit from birth, with at least 50 % due to an underlying genetic etiology. A genetic evaluation is a recommended component to the medical workup for HL, and a genetic diagnosis can impact medical management and provide prognostic and recurrence risk information. The accuracy of a genetic diagnosis relies on the evidence supporting the gene–disease relationship, as well as the evidence supporting individual variant classifications. As such, the ClinGen Hearing Loss Working Group was formed and tasked with curating genes associated with genetic hearing loss and developing specifications of the ACMG/AMP variant interpretation guidelines with the goal of improving the genetic diagnosis of patients with HL.

Objectives:
To describe the prioritization and expert curation of genes and variants associated with HL performed under the purview of the ClinGen Hearing Loss Gene and Variant Expert Panels (HL GCEP and VCEP).

Materials and methods:
HL genes were taken from clinical testing panels in the Genetic Testing Registry and prioritized based on a nonsyndromic presentation. Variants were taken from ClinVar and those with diverse data types and medically significant conflicts were prioritized to test the specified variant interpretation guidelines and to resolve classification discrepancies, respectively.

Conclusions:
The ClinGen HL GCEP has curated 174 gene–disease pairs. The HL VCEP has submitted 77 variants, including the previously controversial p.Met34Thr and p.Val37Ile variants in GJB2, into ClinVar, as an FDA-recognized database. Collaboration across clinics and laboratories were crucial to these curations and highlight the impact that data sharing can have on patient care.
Gene therapy as a possible option to treat hereditary hearing loss
Authors: Morgan Michael , Schott Juliane W. , Rossi Axel , Landgraf Christian , Warnecke Athanasia , Staecker Hinrich , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Büning Hildegard , Auber Bernd , Schambach Axel
Published: December 2021

The process of hearing involves a series of events. The energy of sound is captured by the outer ear and further transferred through the external auditory canal to the middle ear. In the middle ear, sound waves are converted into movements of the tympanic membrane and the ossicles, thereby amplifying the pressure so that it is sufficient to cause movement of the cochlear fluid. The traveling wave within the cochlea leads to depolarization of the inner ear hair cells that, in turn, release the neurotransmitter glutamate. Thereby, the spiral ganglion neurons are activated to transfer the signals via the auditory pathway to the primary auditory cortex. This complex combination of mechanosensory and physiological mechanisms involves many distinct types of cells, the function of which are impacted by numerous proteins, including those involved in ion channel activity, signal transduction and transcription. In the last 30 years, pathogenic variants in over 150 genes were found to be linked to hearing loss. Hearing loss affects over 460 million people world-wide, and current treatment approaches, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, serve to improve hearing capacity but do not address the underlying genetic cause of hearing loss. Therefore, therapeutic strategies designed to correct the genetic defects causative for hearing loss offer the possibility to treat these patients. In this review, we will discuss genetic causes of hearing loss, novel gene therapeutic strategies to correct hearing loss due to gene defects and some of the preclinical studies in hearing loss animal models as well as the clinical translation of gene therapy approaches to treat hearing loss patients.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and hereditary motor neuropathies – Update 2020
Authors: Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Auer-Grumbach Michaela , Senderek Jan
Published: December 2021

Inherited peripheral neuropathy is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disease with a prevalence of about 1:2,500. The most frequent form is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT, or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy [HMSN]). Other clinical entities are hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN), and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN). With the exception of HNPP, which is almost always caused by defects of the PMP22 gene, all other forms show genetic heterogeneity with altogether more than 100 genes involved. Mutation detection rates vary considerably, reaching up to 80 % in demyelinating CMT (CMT1) but are still as low as 10–30 % in axonal CMT (CMT2), dHMN, and HSAN. Based on current information, analysis of only four genes (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, MFN2) identifies 80–90 % of CMT-causing mutations that can be detected in all known disease genes. For the remaining patients, parallel analysis of multiple neuropathy genes using next-generation sequencing is now replacing phenotype-oriented multistep gene-by-gene sequencing. Such approaches tend to generate a wealth of genetic information that requires comprehensive evaluation of the pathogenic relevance of identified variants. In this review, we present current classification systems, specific phenotypic clues, and diagnostic yields in the different subgroups of hereditary CMT and motor neuropathies.
Genetic counseling and diagnostic guidelines for couples with infertility and/or recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Wyrwoll Margot J. , Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Tüttelmann Frank
Published: December 2021

Around 10–15 % of all couples are infertile, rendering infertility a widespread disease. Male and female causes contribute equally to infertility, and, depending on the definition, roughly 1 % to 5 % of all couples experience recurrent miscarriages. In German-speaking countries, recommendations for infertile couples and couples with recurrent miscarriages are published as consensus-based (S2k) Guidelines by the “Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften” (AWMF). This article summarizes the current recommendations with regard to genetic counseling and diagnostics.

Prior to genetic counseling, the infertile couple must undergo a gynecological/andrological examination, which includes anamnesis, hormonal profiling, physical examination and genital ultrasound. Women should be examined for the presence of hyperandrogenemia. Men must further undergo a semen analysis. Based on the overall results, hyper- or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be diagnosed in both sexes.

Female genetic diagnostics for infertility comprise karyotyping, analysis of the FMR1 premutation and a gene panel including genes associated with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Male genetic diagnostics for infertility comprise karyotyping, screening for AZF microdeletions, CFTR analysis and a gene panel including genes associated with CHH. Also, gene panels are increasingly being used to causally clarify specific phenotypes such as defective sperm morphology/motility or azoospermia. As infertile couples have an increased risk for chromosomal aberrations, a chromosomal analysis should also be offered to both partners prior to undergoing assisted reproductive technology. In couples with recurrent miscarriages, karyotyping is recommended to detect balanced structural chromosomal aberrations.
Technology Transformation: Promoting Sustainable Indonesia MSMEs and Cooperative by Digitalization
Authors: Andjarwati Tri , Wulan Vieqi Rakhma
Published: December 2021

This research was conducted to find out what steps the government has taken in striving for society to be 'digital literate', what obstacles are faced and what digital forms have been implemented by MSME players and cooperatives that have gone digital. The method used is an integrative review. The results of this study found that the government has tried various ways to make SMEs and cooperatives more “digitally literate”, from infrastructure, training to collaborating with related institutions and companies that have gone online first in terms of systems of operational (transaction), marketing and also payment. Obstacles to infrastructure and available facilities as well as the lack of information and human resource skills in utilizing digital are challenges faced by the government, SMEs and cooperatives. Therefore, better coordination from up to bottom is needed so that understanding and utilization of digital can be distributed evenly. For MSMEs and cooperatives that have “go digital”, found that they are still at the basic and intermediate levels, while the platforms used are still in the sharing economy, e-commerce, social media, cloud computing and other digital platforms related to applications to simplify transactions and operations.