bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Performance Test of Double-Row Reinforced Ceramsite Concrete Composite Wall Panels with Cores
Authors: Ma Shaochun , Li Lianghui , Bao Peng
Published: March 2021

The research objective of this study was the seismic performance of double-row reinforced ceramsite concrete sandwich wall panels. The feasibility of upgrading a new wall panel from a non-load-bearing partition wall to a load-bearing seismic wall was examined by conducting cyclic load tests on five wall panel specimens. The test piece was a sandwich thermal insulation structure that could achieve a good protection distance between the thermal insulation material and the fire source so that the fire prevention problem could be solved. At the same time, the problem of easy fall-off of the insulation system was also solved. The specimens were divided into three groups, including three double-row reinforced ceramsite concrete sandwich wall panels with different dosages of alkali-resistant glass fiber, a double-row reinforced ordinary concrete sandwich wall panel, and a solid concrete ceramic wallboard. The effects of different dosages of alkali-resistant glass fiber, construction forms, and bearing side plate materials on the seismic performance of the sandwich wall panels were investigated separately for the specimens. From the analysis of the specimen results (damage characteristics, hysteresis curves, energy dissipation capacity, bearing capacity, ductility, longitudinal reinforcement strain, and stiffness degradation), it could be seen that among the five types of wallboard, the double-row reinforced ceramsite concrete sandwich wall panel with 0.3% fiber content had the best ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Adding fiber could solve or improve the problem of the low ultimate bearing capacity of ceramsite concrete as the wallboard’s bearing material. Compared with the same size solid ordinary concrete wallboard, the bearing capacity of the double-row reinforced ceramic concrete sandwich panel was slightly reduced. However, the additional seismic performance indexes were relatively superior. Through the analysis of the test results, it was shown that, when considering the thermal performance and seismic capacity, the new wall panel had good prospects for engineering applications.
Performance Analysis of Daily Global Solar Radiation Models in Peru by Regression Analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Babak , Moazenzadeh Roozbeh
Published: March 2021

Solar radiation (Rs) is one of the main parameters controlling the energy balance at the Earth’s surface and plays a major role in evapotranspiration and plant growth, snow melting, and environmental studies. This work aimed at evaluating the performance of seven empirical models in estimating daily solar radiation over 1990–2004 (calibration) and 2004–2010 (validation) at 13 Peruvian meteorological stations. With the same variables used in empirical models (temperature) as well as two other parameters, namely precipitation and relative humidity, new models were developed by multiple linear regression analysis (proposed models). In calibration of empirical models with the same variables, the lowest estimation errors were 227.1 and 236.3 J·cm−2·day−1 at Tacna and Puno stations, and the highest errors were 3958.4 and 3005.7 at San Ramon and Junin stations, respectively. The poorest-performing empirical models greatly overestimated Rs at most stations. The best performance of a proposed model (in terms of percentage of error reduction) was 73% compared to the average of all empirical models and 93% relative to the poorest result of empirical models, both at San Ramon station. According to root mean square errors (RMSEs) of proposed models, the worst and the best results are achieved at San Martin station (RMSE = 508.8 J·cm−2·day−1) and Tacna station (RMSE = 223.2 J·cm−2·day−1), respectively.
Asymmetric Effect of El Niño—Southern Oscillation on the Spring Precipitation over South China
Authors: Xu Bei , Li Gen , Gao Chujie , Yan Hong , Wang Ziqian , Li Yang , Zhu Siguang
Published: March 2021

South China is one of the most densely populated and agriculture-based regions in China. Local spring precipitation is crucial to the people’s livelihood and social economic development. Using the observed and reanalysis datasets for the period 1958–2019, this study revealed an asymmetric effect of El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the following spring precipitation over South China. During the years with positive ENSO phases, a strong positive correlation between spring precipitation and the preceding winter ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies existed over Guangdong province. For the years with negative ENSO phases, such a strong positive correlation shifts westwards to Guangxi province. To be specific, the El Niño events usually result in a precipitation surplus in the decaying spring over Guangdong province, while the La Niña events usually lead to a precipitation deficit in the decaying spring over Guangxi province. This is attributed to the nonlinear effects of ENSO on the atmospheric circulation. Compared with El Niño, the abnormal center of La Niña evidently extends westwards, inducing a westward movement of the anomalous low-level atmospheric circulation, which eventually results in a westward-shifted effect on the following spring precipitation over South China. Our findings emphasize the nonlinear responses of spring precipitation over South China to ENSO. This has important implications for the seasonal climate predictions over South China.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Chinese Wheat Mosaic Virus Infection of Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Zheng Weiran , Hu Haichao , Lu Qisen , Jin Peng , Cai Linna , Hu Cailin , Yang Jian , Dai Liangying , Chen Jianping
Published: March 2021

Recent studies have shown that a large number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate various biological processes in animals and plants. Although lncRNAs have been identified in many plants, they have not been reported in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Particularly, the role of lncRNAs in plant virus infection remains unknown. In this study, we identified lncRNAs in N. benthamiana response to Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection by RNA sequencing. A total of 1175 lncRNAs, including 65 differentially expressed lncRNAs, were identified during CWMV infection. We then analyzed the functions of some of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Interestingly, one differentially expressed lncRNA, XLOC_006393, was found to participate in CWMV infection as a precursor to microRNAs in N. benthamiana. These results suggest that lncRNAs play an important role in the regulatory network of N. benthamiana in response to CWMV infection.
Plant Prebiotics and Their Role in the Amelioration of Diseases
Authors: Kaur Amrit Pal , Bhardwaj Sonali , Dhanjal Daljeet Singh , Nepovimova Eugenie , Cruz-Martins Natália , Kuča Kamil , Chopra Chirag , Singh Reena , Kumar Harsh , Șen Fatih , Kumar Vinod , Verma Rachna , Kumar Dinesh
Published: March 2021

Prebiotics are either natural or synthetic non-digestible (non-)carbohydrate substances that boost the proliferation of gut microbes. Undigested fructooligosaccharides in the large intestine are utilised by the beneficial microorganisms for the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids for their own growth. Although various food products are now recognized as having prebiotic properties, several others, such as almonds, artichoke, barley, chia seeds, chicory, dandelion greens, flaxseeds, garlic, and oats, are being explored and used as functional foods. Considering the benefits of these prebiotics in mineral absorption, metabolite production, gut microbiota modulation, and in various diseases such as diabetes, allergy, metabolic disorders, and necrotising enterocolitis, increasing attention has been focused on their applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries, although some of these food products are actually used as food supplements. This review aims to highlight the potential and need of these prebiotics in the diet and also discusses data related to the distinct types, sources, modes of action, and health benefits.
The Ablation of VEGFR-1 Signaling Promotes Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Sudden Death
Authors: Tirronen Annakaisa , Downes Nicholas L. , Huusko Jenni , Laakkonen Johanna P. , Tuomainen Tomi , Tavi Pasi , Hedman Marja , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo
Published: March 2021

Molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac remodelling are not fully understood. To study the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) signaling in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure, we used a mouse model lacking the intracellular VEGFR-1 tyrosine kinase domain (VEGFR-1 TK−/−) and induced pressure overload with angiotensin II infusion. Using echocardiography (ECG) and immunohistochemistry, we evaluated pathological changes in the heart during pressure overload and measured the corresponding alterations in expression level and phosphorylation of interesting targets by deep RNA sequencing and Western blot, respectively. By day 6 of pressure overload, control mice developed significant LVH whereas VEGFR-1 TK−/− mice displayed a complete absence of LVH, which correlated with significantly increased mortality. At a later time point, the cardiac dysfunction led to increased ANP and BNP levels, atrial dilatation and prolongation of the QRSp duration as well as increased cardiomyocyte area. Immunohistochemical analyses showed no alterations in fibrosis or angiogenesis in VEGFR-1 TK−/− mice. Mechanistically, the ablation of VEGFR-1 signaling led to significantly upregulated mTOR and downregulated PKCα phosphorylation in the myocardium. Our results show that VEGFR-1 signaling regulates the early cardiac remodelling during the compensatory phase of pressure overload and increases the risk of sudden death.
Immobilization-Free Electrochemical Sensor Coupled with a Graphene-Oxide-Based Aptasensor for Glycated Albumin Detection
Authors: Waiwinya Wassa , Putnin Thitirat , Pimalai Dechnarong , Chawjiraphan Wireeya , Sathirapongsasuti Nuankanya , Japrung Deanpen
Published: March 2021

An immobilization-free electrochemical sensor coupled with a graphene oxide (GO)-based aptasensor was developed for glycated human serum albumin (GHSA) detection. The concentration of GHSA was monitored by measuring the electrochemical response of free GO and aptamer-bound GO in the presence of glycated albumin; their currents served as the analytical signals. The electrochemical aptasensor exhibited good performance with a base-10 logarithmic scale. The calibration curve was achieved in the range of 0.01–50 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 8.70 ng/mL. The developed method was considered a one-drop measurement process because a fabrication step and the probe-immobilization process were not required. This simple sensor offers a cost-effective, rapid, and sensitive detection method, and could be an alternative approach for determination of GHSA levels.
Variation of Autonomic Nervous System Function by Age and Gender in Thai Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Chuangchai Warawoot , Pothisiri Wiraporn , Chanbenjapipu Phumdecha
Published: March 2021

Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of disability and mortality. Its effects on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) through nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse transit time (PTT) have not been well explored among Thai patients. Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the association between ANS and ischemic stroke through nonlinear HRV and PTT. Methods: In total, 111 patients were enrolled in the study and their short-term HRV and PTT data were collected. Results: Parasympathetic tone was higher in elderly patients (≥60 years). The elderly patients had a higher SD1 but lower SD2 and SD2/SD1 than the younger patients, and a similar pattern was found in the female patients compared to the male patients. These findings were supported by the results of the Poincaré plots. Older and female patients had circular plots and approximately round plots, respectively. Moreover, the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) response was moderate and positively associated with SD1 (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and PTT (r = 0.29, p = 0.002), and negatively associated with SD2 and SD2/SD1 (r = −0.47, p < 0.001), after controlling for age and sex. Conclusions: The PNS response was predominant in older and female patients whereas the sympathetic response was lower than in the younger and male patients, which reflected certain characteristics of ANS response to ischemic stroke. Moreover, nonlinear parameters of SD1, SD2, SD2/SD1, and Poincaré plots including PTT are useful and recommended in investigating ANS, particularly in PNS, among ischemic stroke patients.
Birds of a Feather Flock Together: Disadvantageous Decision Making in Augmented Restless Legs Syndrome Patients with and without Impulse Control Disorders
Authors: Heim Beatrice , Ellmerer Philipp , Stefani Ambra , Heidbreder Anna , Brandauer Elisabeth , Högl Birgit , Seppi Klaus , Djamshidian Atbin
Published: March 2021

Background: Augmentation (AUG) in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) can be associated with impulse control disorder (ICD) symptoms, such as compulsive sexual behavior, gambling disorder or compulsive shopping. In this study, we wanted to assess whether RLS patients with AUG differ in decision making from those patients who have augmentation and in addition ICD symptoms (AUG + ICD) in a post hoc analysis of a patient cohort assessed in a previous study. Methods: In total, 40 RLS patients with augmentation (19 AUG + ICD, 21 AUG without ICDs) were included. RLS diagnosis, severity, and diagnosis of augmentation were made by sleep disorder specialists. ICD symptoms were assessed using semi-structured interviews. All patients performed the beads task, which is an information sampling task where participants must decide from which of the two cups colored beads were drawn. Results were compared to 21 healthy controls (HC). Results: There was no difference in information sampling or irrational decision making between AUG and AUG + ICD patients (p = 0.67 and p = 1.00, respectively). Both patient groups drew less beads and made more irrational decisions than HC (all p-values < 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that augmentation itself is associated with poorer decision making even in the absence of ICD symptoms. Further studies are necessary to explore whether rapid and hasty decision making are a harbinger of augmentation in RLS.
Cognitive Development and Cannabis Use in Adolescents
Authors: Frolli Alessandro , Ricci Maria Carla , Cavallaro Antonella , Lombardi Agnese , Bosco Antonia , Di Carmine Francesca , Operto Francesca Felicia , Franzese Luisa
Published: March 2021

Heavy exposure to cannabis during adolescence can cause significant neurocognitive changes. It can alter emotional responsiveness and social behavior, and cause impairments in sustained attention, learning, working memory (WM), cognitive flexibility, and the speed of information processing. It also has a significant impact on executive functions. In this study we investigated how global cognitive functions can be affected by the frequency of cannabinoid consumption in different categories of consumers (chronic, occasional, and non-users), through the evaluation of executive functions. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in performance in working memory tasks and processing speed by subjects using cannabis chronically (group 1) as compared to non-consumers (group 3), and occasional consumers (group 2). Future studies could verify the extent of neurocognitive alterations through re-evaluations with controlled follow-up and the addition of neuro-functional data.
Ovarian Cancer-Associated Mesothelial Cells: Transdifferentiation to Minions of Cancer and Orchestrate Developing Peritoneal Dissemination
Authors: Mogi Kazumasa , Yoshihara Masato , Iyoshi Shohei , Kitami Kazuhisa , Uno Kaname , Tano Sho , Koya Yoshihiro , Sugiyama Mai , Yamakita Yoshihiko , Nawa Akihiro , Tomita Hiroyuki , Kajiyama Hiroaki
Published: March 2021

Ovarian cancer has one of the poorest prognoses among carcinomas. Advanced ovarian cancer often develops ascites and peritoneal dissemination, which is one of the poor prognostic factors. From the perspective of the “seed and soil” hypothesis, the intra-abdominal environment is like the soil for the growth of ovarian cancer (OvCa) and mesothelial cells (MCs) line the top layer of this soil. In recent years, various functions of MCs have been reported, including supporting cancer in the OvCa microenvironment. We refer to OvCa-associated MCs (OCAMs) as MCs that are stimulated by OvCa and contribute to its progression. OCAMs promote OvCa cell adhesion to the peritoneum, invasion, and metastasis. Elucidation of these functions may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that can delay OvCa progression, which is difficult to cure.
Immune System Alterations in Multiple Myeloma: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Reverse Immunosuppression
Authors: Díaz-Tejedor Andrea , Lorenzo-Mohamed Mauro , Puig Noemí , García-Sanz Ramón , Mateos María-Victoria , Garayoa Mercedes , Paíno Teresa
Published: March 2021

Immunosuppression is a common feature of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and has been associated with disease evolution from its precursor stages. MM cells promote immunosuppressive effects due to both the secretion of soluble factors, which inhibit the function of immune effector cells, and the recruitment of immunosuppressive populations. Alterations in the expression of surface molecules are also responsible for immunosuppression. In this scenario, immunotherapy, as is the case of immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), aims to boost the immune system against tumor cells. In fact, mAbs exert part of their cytotoxic effects through different cellular and soluble immune components and, therefore, patients’ immunosuppressive status could reduce their efficacy. Here, we will expose the alterations observed in symptomatic MM, as compared to its precursor stages and healthy subjects, in the main immune populations, especially the inhibition of effector cells and the activation of immunosuppressive populations. Additionally, we will revise the mechanisms responsible for all these alterations, including the interplay between MM cells and immune cells and the interactions among immune cells themselves. We will also summarize the main mechanisms of action of the four mAbs approved so far for the treatment of MM. Finally, we will discuss the potential immune-stimulating effects of non-immunotherapeutic drugs, which could enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments.
A Potential Renewed Use of Very Heavy Ions for Therapy: Neon Minibeam Radiation Therapy
Authors: Prezado Yolanda , Hirayama Ryochi , Matsufuji Naruhiro , Inaniwa Taku , Martínez-Rovira Immaculada , Seksek Olivier , Bertho Annaïg , Koike Sachiko , Labiod Dalila , Pouzoulet Frederic , Polledo Laura , Warfving Nils , Liens Aléthéa , Bergs Judith , Shimokawa Takashi
Published: March 2021

(1) Background: among all types of radiation, very heavy ions, such as Neon (Ne) or Argon (Ar), are the optimum candidates for hypoxic tumor treatments due to their reduced oxygen enhancement effect. However, their pioneering clinical use in the 1970s was halted due to severe side effects. The aim of this work was to provide a first proof that the combination of very heavy ions with minibeam radiation therapy leads to a minimization of toxicities and, thus, opening the door for a renewed use of heavy ions for therapy; (2) Methods: mouse legs were irradiated with either Ne MBRT or Ne broad beams at the same average dose. Skin toxicity was scored for a period of four weeks. Histopathology evaluations were carried out at the end of the study; (3) Results: a significant difference in toxicity was observed between the two irradiated groups. While severe da-mage, including necrosis, was observed in the broad beam group, only light to mild erythema was present in the MBRT group; (4) Conclusion: Ne MBRT is significantly better tolerated than conventional broad beam irradiations.
FGF/FGFR Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Carcinogenesis to Recent Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Wang Yijun , Liu Danfei , Zhang Tongyue , Xia Limin
Published: March 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, ranking third in cancer deaths worldwide. Over the last decade, several studies have emphasized the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to target the aberrant pathways in HCC. However, the outcomes are far from satisfactory due to the increasing resistance and adverse effects. The family of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptors (FGFR) are involved in various biological processes, including embryogenesis, morphogenesis, wound repair, and cell growth. The aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling is also observed in multiple cancers, including HCC. Anti-FGF/FGFR provides delightful benefits for cancer patients, especially those with FGF signaling alteration. More and more multi-kinase inhibitors targeting FGF signaling, pan-FGFR inhibitors, and selective FGFR inhibitors are now under preclinical and clinical investigation. This review summarizes the aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling in HCC initiating, development and treatment status, and provide new insights into the treatment of HCC.
Combining Nanopore and Illumina Sequencing Permits Detailed Analysis of Insertion Mutations and Structural Variations Produced by PEG-Mediated Transformation in Ostreococcus tauri
Authors: Thomy Julie , Sanchez Frederic , Gut Marta , Cruz Fernando , Alioto Tyler , Piganeau Gwenael , Grimsley Nigel , Yau Sheree
Published: March 2021

Ostreococcus tauri is a simple unicellular green alga representing an ecologically important group of phytoplankton in oceans worldwide. Modern molecular techniques must be developed in order to understand the mechanisms that permit adaptation of microalgae to their environment. We present for the first time in O. tauri a detailed characterization of individual genomic integration events of foreign DNA of plasmid origin after PEG-mediated transformation. Vector integration occurred randomly at a single locus in the genome and mainly as a single copy. Thus, we confirmed the utility of this technique for insertional mutagenesis. While the mechanism of double-stranded DNA repair in the O. tauri model remains to be elucidated, we clearly demonstrate by genome resequencing that the integration of the vector leads to frequent structural variations (deletions/insertions and duplications) and some chromosomal rearrangements in the genome at the insertion loci. Furthermore, we often observed variations in the vector sequence itself. From these observations, we speculate that a nonhomologous end-joining-like mechanism is employed during random insertion events, as described in plants and other freshwater algal models. PEG-mediated transformation is therefore a promising molecular biology tool, not only for functional genomic studies, but also for biotechnological research in this ecologically important marine alga.
Regulation of Endothelium-Reticulum-Stress-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death by a Polymethoxylated Flavone, Nobiletin, Through the Inhibition of Nuclear Translocation of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Retinal Müller Cells
Authors: Miyata Yoshiki , Matsumoto Kazuya , Kusano Shuichi , Kusakabe Yoshio , Katsura Yoshiya , Oshitari Tetsuta , Kosano Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), subtle biochemical and functional alterations occur in Müller cells, which are one of the components of the blood–retinal barrier (BRB). Müller cells are the principal glia of the retina and have shown a strong involvement in the maintenance of homeostasis and the development of retinal tissue. Their functional abnormalities and eventual loss have been correlated with a decrease in the tight junctions between endothelial cells and a consequent breakdown of the BRB, leading to the development of DR. We demonstrated that the endothelium reticulum (ER) triggers Müller cell death and that nuclear accumulation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is closely associated with ER-induced Müller cell death. In addition, induction of ER stress in Müller cells increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression but decreased pigment-epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression in Müller cells. We found that nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavone from citrus explants, exerts protective action against ER-stress-induced Müller cell death. In addition, nobiletin was found to augment PEDF expression in Müller cells, which may lead to the protection of BRB integrity. These results suggest that nobiletin can be an attractive candidate for the protection of the BRB from breakdown in DR.
A Mouse Model for Studying the Development of Apical Periodontitis with Age
Authors: Goldman Elisheva , Reich Eli , Roshihotzki Bar , Saketkhou Maya , Wald Sharon , Goldstein Ayana , Klein Yehuda , Abramovitz Itzhak , Klutstein Michael
Published: March 2021

Older age is associated with reduced immune function. Our aim was to study how age affects the development of apical periodontitis (AP). AP was induced in two age groups of mice (young vs. adult). Histological samples were stained by Hematoxylin Eosin, Brown and Brenn, and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase. In addition, the samples were scanned by Micro-Computerized-Tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate apical constriction and periapical lesion size. Cell density in the periapical region was computationally assessed. Moreover, lesion immune cell populations were characterized by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The young group presented more canals with necrotic radicular pulp compared to the adults. There was no difference in bacteria location in the canals between the groups. Apical constriction size was larger in the young mice compared to the adults. The periapical cell density was higher in the young group, while the dominant immune cells in the lesions were neutrophils, which also exhibited the highest young/adult ratio. Immunofluorescence demonstrated neutrophils in the lesion. More osteoclasts were present in the lesions of the young mice, in correlation to the higher volume of bone resorption in this group. Overall, we conclude that the immune reaction to AP stimuli was attenuated in the adult mice compared to the young.
Effects of Different Amounts of Nb Doping on Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties in Sputtered TiO2−x Films
Authors: Dorow-Gerspach Daniel , Mergel Dieter , Wuttig Matthias
Published: March 2021

Highly conductive TiO2 films with different Nb doping levels (up to 5 at%) were prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering under precise control of the oxygen partial pressure. They were deposited on unheated substrates, covered with a protective Si3N4 layer, and subsequently annealed at 300 °C. The doping efficiency of Nb is greater than 90%. Conductivity is a maximum for a partly oxidized target in the transition range. The best films exhibit a resistivity of 630 µΩ cm and a mobility of 7.6 cm2/Vs combined with a high transparency above 70%. Comparing the behavior of undoped and Nb-containing films, intrinsic limits of the conductivity in the TiO2−x:Nb system could be observed, and a consistent model explaining these findings is presented. The conductivity is limited—by decreasing electron density due to Nb oxidation—by increasing incorporation formation of Nb2O5 clusters as scattering centers with increasing oxygen partial pressure and Nb concentration, by a transition from the crystalline to the amorphous state of the films below a critical oxygen partial pressure.
Polaron Trapping and Migration in Iron-Doped Lithium Niobate
Authors: Vittadello Laura , Guilbert Laurent , Fedorenko Stanislav , Bazzan Marco
Published: March 2021

Photoinduced charge transport in lithium niobate for standard illumination, composition and temperature conditions occurs by means of small polaron hopping either on regular or defective lattice sites. Starting from Marcus-Holstein’s theory for polaron hopping frequency we draw a quantitative picture illustrating two underlying microscopic mechanisms besides experimental observations, namely direct trapping and migration-accelerated polaron trapping transport. Our observations will be referred to the typical outcomes of transient light induced absorption measurements, where the kinetics of a polaron population generated by a laser pulse then decaying towards deep trap sites is measured. Our results help to rationalize the observations beyond simple phenomenological models and may serve as a guide to design the material according to the desired specifications.
Clinical Observation of Allergic Conjunctival Diseases with Portable and Recordable Slit-Lamp Device
Authors: Yazu Hiroyuki , Shimizu Eisuke , Sato Shinri , Aketa Naohiko , Katayama Taiichiro , Yokoiwa Ryota , Sato Yasunori , Fukagawa Kazumi , Ogawa Yoko , Tsubota Kazuo , Fujishima Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

Background: The incidence of allergic conjunctival diseases (ACDs) is gradually increasing worldwide. Both ophthalmologists and non-ophthalmologists prescribe eye drops to treat ACDs; however, there are many cases which are treated without sufficient examination and diagnosis of the eyes. We have invented a portable, recordable, and smartphone-attachable slit-lamp device—Smart Eye Camera (SEC). The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic abilities of ACDs between the SEC and the conventional, non-portable slit-lamp microscope. Methods: This prospective observational study included 32 eyes of 17 Japanese patients (mean age: 21.5 ± 14.8 years; range: 11–51 years; female: 5). The severity of 10 objective signs in the palpebral conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva, limbus, and cornea were scored on a grading scale of 0 to 4 (0 = normal; 1+ = mild; 2+ = moderate; 3+ = severe), respectively. First, the conventional slit-lamp microscope was used to examine the grade of the ACDs. Second, another ophthalmologist filmed the eyes using the SEC and two other ophthalmologists evaluated the grades on another day. The correlation and inter-rater reproducibility in total scores among the two devices were determined. Results: Total scores of clinical signs, evaluated by the two approaches, correlated significantly (both eyes: r = 0.918 (95% CI: 0.839 to 0.959; p < 0.001)), with substantial inter-rater agreement (weighted κ value = 0.631 (95% CI: 0.601 to 0.661; p < 0.001)). Conclusions: The SEC is as reliable as the conventional non-portable slit-lamp microscope for assessing ACDs.
The Use of UAVs for the Characterization and Analysis of Rocky Coasts
Authors: Gómez-Pazo Alejandro , Pérez-Alberti Augusto
Published: March 2021

Rocky coasts represent three quarters of all coastlines worldwide. These areas are part of ecosystems of great ecological value, but their steep configuration and their elevation make field surveys difficult. This fact, together with their lower variation rates, explains the lower numbers of publications about cliffs and rocky coasts in general compared with those about beach-dune systems. The introduction of UAVs in research, has enormously expanded the possibilities for the study of rocky coasts. Their relative low costs allow for the generation of information with a high level of detail. This information, combined with GIS tools, enables coastal analysis based on Digital Models and high spatial resolution images. This investigation summarizes the main results obtained with the help of UAVs between 2012 and the present day in rocky coastline sections in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. These investigations have particularly focused on monitoring the dynamics of boulder beaches, cliffs, and shore platforms, as well as the structure and function of ecosystems. This work demonstrates the importance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for coastal studies and their usefulness for improving coastal management. The Galician case was used to explain their importance and the advances in the UAVs’ techniques.
Order-Stability in Complex Biological, Social, and AI-Systems from Quantum Information Theory
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei , Watanabe Noboru
Published: March 2021

This paper is our attempt, on the basis of physical theory, to bring more clarification on the question “What is life?” formulated in the well-known book of Schrödinger in 1944. According to Schrödinger, the main distinguishing feature of a biosystem’s functioning is the ability to preserve its order structure or, in mathematical terms, to prevent increasing of entropy. However, Schrödinger’s analysis shows that the classical theory is not able to adequately describe the order-stability in a biosystem. Schrödinger also appealed to the ambiguous notion of negative entropy. We apply quantum theory. As is well-known, behaviour of the quantum von Neumann entropy crucially differs from behaviour of classical entropy. We consider a complex biosystem S composed of many subsystems, say proteins, cells, or neural networks in the brain, that is, S=(Si). We study the following problem: whether the compound system S can maintain “global order” in the situation of an increase of local disorder and if S can preserve the low entropy while other Si increase their entropies (may be essentially). We show that the entropy of a system as a whole can be constant, while the entropies of its parts rising. For classical systems, this is impossible, because the entropy of S cannot be less than the entropy of its subsystem Si. And if a subsystems’s entropy increases, then a system’s entropy should also increase, by at least the same amount. However, within the quantum information theory, the answer is positive. The significant role is played by the entanglement of a subsystems’ states. In the absence of entanglement, the increasing of local disorder implies an increasing disorder in the compound system S (as in the classical regime). In this note, we proceed within a quantum-like approach to mathematical modeling of information processing by biosystems—respecting the quantum laws need not be based on genuine quantum physical processes in biosystems. Recently, such modeling found numerous applications in molecular biology, genetics, evolution theory, cognition, psychology and decision making. The quantum-like model of order stability can be applied not only in biology, but also in social science and artificial intelligence.
Results on Varextropy Measure of Random Variables
Authors: Vaselabadi Nastaran Marzban , Tahmasebi Saeid , Kazemi Mohammad Reza , Buono Francesco
Published: March 2021

In 2015, Lad, Sanfilippo and Agrò proposed an alternative measure of uncertainty dual to the entropy known as extropy. This paper provides some results on a dispersion measure of extropy of random variables which is called varextropy and studies several properties of this concept. Especially, the varextropy measure of residual and past lifetimes, order statistics, record values and proportional hazard rate models are discussed. Moreover, the conditional varextropy is considered and some properties of this measure are studied. Finally, a new stochastic comparison method, named varextropy ordering, is introduced and some of its properties are presented.
Critical Comparison of MaxCal and Other Stochastic Modeling Approaches in Analysis of Gene Networks
Authors: Firman Taylor , Huihui Jonathan , Clark Austin R. , Ghosh Kingshuk
Published: March 2021

Learning the underlying details of a gene network with feedback is critical in designing new synthetic circuits. Yet, quantitative characterization of these circuits remains limited. This is due to the fact that experiments can only measure partial information from which the details of the circuit must be inferred. One potentially useful avenue is to harness hidden information from single-cell stochastic gene expression time trajectories measured for long periods of time—recorded at frequent intervals—over multiple cells. This raises the feasibility vs. accuracy dilemma while deciding between different models of mining these stochastic trajectories. We demonstrate that inference based on the Maximum Caliber (MaxCal) principle is the method of choice by critically evaluating its computational efficiency and accuracy against two other typical modeling approaches: (i) a detailed model (DM) with explicit consideration of multiple molecules including protein-promoter interaction, and (ii) a coarse-grain model (CGM) using Hill type functions to model feedback. MaxCal provides a reasonably accurate model while being significantly more computationally efficient than DM and CGM. Furthermore, MaxCal requires minimal assumptions since it is a top-down approach and allows systematic model improvement by including constraints of higher order, in contrast to traditional bottom-up approaches that require more parameters or ad hoc assumptions. Thus, based on efficiency, accuracy, and ability to build minimal models, we propose MaxCal as a superior alternative to traditional approaches (DM, CGM) when inferring underlying details of gene circuits with feedback from limited data.
Higher Dimensional Rotating Black Hole Solutions in Quadratic f(R) Gravitational Theory and the Conserved Quantities
Authors: Nashed Gamal G. L. , Bamba Kazuharu
Published: March 2021

We explore the quadratic form of the f(R)=R+bR2 gravitational theory to derive rotating N-dimensions black hole solutions with ai,i≥1 rotation parameters. Here, R is the Ricci scalar and b is the dimensional parameter. We assumed that the N-dimensional spacetime is static and it has flat horizons with a zero curvature boundary. We investigated the physics of black holes by calculating the relations of physical quantities such as the horizon radius and mass. We also demonstrate that, in the four-dimensional case, the higher-order curvature does not contribute to the black hole, i.e., black hole does not depend on the dimensional parameter b, whereas, in the case of N>4, it depends on parameter b, owing to the contribution of the correction R2 term. We analyze the conserved quantities, energy, and angular-momentum, of black hole solutions by applying the relocalization method. Additionally, we calculate the thermodynamic quantities, such as temperature and entropy, and examine the stability of black hole solutions locally and show that they have thermodynamic stability. Moreover, the calculations of entropy put a constraint on the parameter b to be b<116Λ to obtain a positive entropy.
Idiosyncrasies of Money: 21st Century Evolution of Money
Authors: Ogachi Daniel , Mugambi Paul , Bares Lydia , Zeman Zoltan
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the question of what kind of money will govern the 21st century by examining the developments which characterise this landscape. On the basis of a review of the available literature and evidence, it is clear that certain technological innovations, such as the movement towards electronic money, will undoubtedly change how we operate. However, the conclusion in this paper is less sanguine regarding the prospects of a global currency, regional monetary unions, or states’ exit from or central banks’ control of money. This paper also sees poor prospects for cryptocurrencies at the moment, given their focus on the decentralisation and politicisation of money, because money requires a backstopping force, making it inherently political. Finally, this paper considers how regulators may seek to ensure that money in its digital form is not taken advantage of and applied in malevolent activities. The study used correlation to establish the level of association among variables. A multiple regression analysis was used to draw an econometric model explaining the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The following variables were used as independent variables: monetary aggregate (M1), harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP), Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR), US dollar/euro, and the USD value of Bitcoin. Multiple regression predicted that when inflation rises, the money supply will decrease. M1 includes cash in circulation, current deposits, and other than demand deposits. The study concludes that price increases encourage people to keep their money in longer-term deposits, including in cryptocurrency. Additionally, an increase in EURIBOR and US dollar/euro reduces the supply of money. Otherwise, an increase in the price of bitcoin in the economy would increase the overall money supply.
A Serious Game for Mediated Education on Traffic Behavior and Safety Awareness
Authors: Gounaridou Apostolia , Siamtanidou Eleni , Dimoulas Charalampos
Published: March 2021

Computer games are considered a useful tool for educational purposes. Alternative media applications such as serious games combine edification with challenge and entertainment. Thus, learning becomes enjoyable, more comfortable, and more efficient. The paper presents the implementation of an educational computer game regarding traffic behavior awareness through the main stages of analysis, design, development, and evaluation, aiming at investigating the contribution of gamification in traffic safety. The game was developed as an advanced media education approach in Unreal Engine, encompassing various adventures. The game hero’s tasks are to move into the virtual city to complete a mission, follow road safety rules, and experience the adventures either as a pedestrian or as a vehicle driver. Research hypotheses/questions are tested concerning the gaming impact and the audience engagement through first-person storytelling to communicate and perceive traffic regulations. The results reveal that a properly developed educational game could become more engaging, amusing, and efficient. It could also enhance traffic awareness through experiential and mediated learning, also fostering social responsibility.
New Advances in Second Language Acquisition Methodology in Higher Education
Authors: Klimova Blanka , Pikhart Marcel
Published: March 2021

This article summarizes new advances, as described by current research, in the methodology of teaching Business English as a lingua franca (BELF) in the era of mobile learning and provides the reader with hands-on strategies that are useful for BELF classes and applicable in distance learning. The primary objectives of this literature review are to explore the fundamental approaches which should help practitioners in their course preparation, development, and teaching. The paper provides the reader with the most up-to-date strategies for teaching BELF and brings ideas on how to utilize these principles in a mobile learning (m-learning) environment. The methods include a literature review of available articles exploring the research topic, i.e., BELF and its pedagogy, which was performed by finding relevant studies in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The results indicate that there are three fundamental approaches recommended by the current research on the teaching of BELF, namely task-based activities/case studies, exploitation of authentic materials, and blended learning implementation. In summary, the paper provides the readers with an update on current approaches for teaching BELF in higher education when utilizing modern tools for foreign language learning, such as m-learning, blended learning, and hybrid learning.
Discharge Behavior and Morphological Characteristics of Suspended Water-Drop on Shed Edge during Rain Flashover of Polluted Large-Diameter Post Insulator
Authors: Liao Yifan , Wang Qiao , Yang Lin , Kuang Zhiqiang , Hao Yanpeng , Zhang Chuyan
Published: March 2021

Rain is one of the dominant meteorological factors threatening the outdoor insulation performance of ultra-high voltage (UHV) power stations. Discharge occurring on the polluted surface of post insulators in rain has always been a major concern of power stations. Previous studies have shown that suspended water droplets on the shed edge play an important role in the rain flashover process. In this work, artificial contamination rain flashover tests were carried out in a laboratory on a UHV DC (Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current) large-diameter composite post insulator, which had a rod diameter of 625 mm and alternating sheds (105 mm and 75 mm for larger and smaller shed overhang, respectively). The discharge mechanism was analyzed base on the observation of discharge phenomenon of suspended water-drops on the shed edge. Moreover, simulation models by COMSOL Multiphysics were established to investigate the electric field around sheds and suspended water-drops, as well as the shape change of water droplets on the insulation surface, especially at the edge of the shed. Results show that the shape parameters of water-droplets changed continuously under the combined action of gravity, surface tension, and capillary tension. Suspended water-droplets on the shed edge showed a great influence on the electric field distribution, and the resulting discharge lead to the bridging between sheds. This work paves a new way to revealing the contamination rain flashover mechanism on post insulators and provides critical knowledge for power stations on preventing flashover accidents.
State of Charge (SOC) Estimation Based on Extended Exponential Weighted Moving Average H∞ Filtering
Authors: Zhang Shuaishuai , Wan Youhong , Ding Jie , Da Yangyang
Published: March 2021

When the classical H∞ algorithm (HIF) is applied to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of a lithium battery, the influence of historical data is usually ignored, resulting in an increase in the estimation error. In order to improve the accuracy of SOC estimation, this paper proposes an extended exponential weighted moving average H∞ algorithm (EE-HIF) in view of the influence of historical data. By designing the Gaussian function, the weighted distribution of the data at different times can effectively reduce the estimation error caused by the inaccuracy of the lithium battery model. In addition, when the system contains Gaussian white noise and alternating current input, the proposed method can achieve a faster convergence speed and better robustness. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed algorithm, as compared to an HIF filtering algorithm and an exponentially weighted moving average H∞ algorithm (EWMA).