bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The contribution of indocyanine green angiography in a case of unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis
Authors: Cervera-Taulet Enrique , Montero-Hernández Javier , Monferrer Adsuara Clara , Pulido Jose S.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To further enhance understanding of the expanded clinical spectrum of unilateral retinal pigment epithelium dysgenesis (URPED) via numerous imaging modalities including novel markers of highly detailed indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) features.

Methods

Retrospective, observational, case report.

Results

URPED in this patient is expressed as a solitary, flat and pigmented lesion in the posterior pole with RPE hyperplasia and atrophic changes. An epiretinal membrane (ERM) causing fine, tortuous retinal vessels and retinal folds was observed. Green and blue excitation light fundus autofluorescence showed a biphasic appearance with hypoautofluorescent rounded lesions and a reticular configuration of normal RPE. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed diffuse hypofluorescence and hyperfluorescent wisps of leakage in late-phases. Early-phase of ICGA evidenced diffuse hypocianescence and a delineated hypercianescent scalloped margin appeared in the late-phase, together with focal hypocianescent spots. SD-OCT demonstrated irregularity of the RPE with fibrosis and hyperplastic changes combined with atrophic areas. Flat RPE detachments intermingled with healthy-appearing RPE were also observed together with thinning of the outer retina. ERM with thickening and disorganization involving the whole retina was present. Optical coherence tomography angiography (14 × 14 mm) revealed an oval shape foveal avascular zone and vascular anomalies such as tortuosity and looping.

Conclusion

URPED is an extremely rare clinical entity with only a few cases reported. In this case the almost pathognomonic differential features of URPED were best appreciated with ICGA imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of URPED with these abnormal findings on ICGA meaning it could be part of the spectrum of the disease.
Fundus autofluorescence of retinal atrophy progression between fundus flavimaculatus and extensive macular atrophy with pseudo-drusen
Authors: Rabinovich Mark , Mehanna Carl-Joe , Lopez Juan Manuel , Souied Eric H
Published: August 2023

Objective

To analyze the progression of macular atrophy in Fundus Flavimaculatus (FFM) versus Extensive Macular Atrophy with Pseudo-drusen (EMAP), using Spectralis® RegionFinder™ tool.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients diagnosed with FFM and EMAP. Ophthalmic imaging features were reviewed by retina specialists for each patient in both eyes. The atrophic zones were measured on fundus autofluorescence acquisitions using the RegionFinder™ tool.

Results

FFM group included 16 eyes of 8 patients, whose mean age was 61.42 ± 10.76 years, with a mean 4.54 ± 2.73 years of follow-up. EMAP group contained 16 eyes of 8 patients, whose mean age was 67.81 ± 3.03 years ( p = 0.12), with a mean 3.62 ± 2.49 years of follow-up ( P = 0.63). The atrophy progression rates were 3.73 ± 6.75 and 0.70 ± 0.98 mm2/year, for EMAP and FFM respectively. The yearly rate of progression of the atrophic areas in EMAP was 5.3 times higher than in FFM (mm2/year) ( p = 0.03).

Conclusion

The progression of the atrophy in eyes with Extensive Macular Atrophy with Pseudo-drusen (EMAP) is significantly more rapid than in eyes with Fundus Flavimaculatus (FFM).
Use of a novel tapered, scoring balloon to treat juxta-anastomotic stenosis in AV fistula
Authors: Li Xiangjie , Wang Zhe , Zhao Xia , Sun Hao , Fu Qining
Published: August 2023

Background:

Juxta-anastomotic stenosis, the most common lesion in arteriovenous fistula, creates a dilemma for optimal balloon size choosing during PTA.

Objectives:

To descript the effect of a novel tapered scoring balloon catheter (DK Medtech, Suzhou, China) which has a conical shape with an increasing diameter from the front part of the balloon to the end, and three non-slip elements attached on the surface of the balloon.

Research design:

Case series of 10 patients used this balloon catheter was retrospectively analyzed.

Subjects:

Patients with juxta-anastomotic stenosis.

Measures:

A retrospective review of 10 cases using the novel tapered, scoring balloon catheter in our center was performed.

Results:

All cases were clinical technique success. The average total procedure time was 16.7 min with 2:14 of fluoroscopy time. No complications such as vascular rupture or dissection occurred. The primary patency rates at 6 and 12 month were 80% and 50% separately.

Conclusions:

This tapered scoring balloon provides an economical, safe, and efficient management for juxta-anastomotic stenosis.
The contribution of a complex systems-based approach to progressive social resilience
Authors: Haynes Philip , Hart Angie , Eryigit-Madzwamuse Suna , Wood Matthew , Maitland Josie , Cameron Josh
Published: August 2023

The use of resilience in social practice has evolved from a theoretical framework at the intersection between individuals and their social ecology. Critics argue this theory still results in policies and practices that are too individualised, with the potential for negative social consequences. This paper further critiques contemporary understanding of resilience theory and its application. It juxtaposes complex systems theory with a social inequalities oriented resilience practice. This provides a paradoxical approach. It is acknowledged that state and public policy decisions and actions can be anti-resilient, undermining community and social resilience that already exists in the form of social relationships, self-organisation and co-production. Nevertheless, collective social resilience also illustrates the potential of local and service user organisations to contribute to an overall transformational change process.
The digital turn from a newsroom perspective – How German journalists from different generations reflect on the digitalization of journalism
Authors: Birkner Thomas , Keute Annika , Davydova Anna
Published: August 2023

In times of crisis, journalism’s own history needs to be reflected upon, both from within and from outside the newsroom. This paper attempts both. From a scientific perspective, we examined the process of the digitalization of journalism and then asked journalists from different generations to reflect on this process. Based on data gathered from these semi-structured interviews with German journalists, our paper presents their evaluation on the evolution from analog to digital journalism—from retired male reporters who wrote most of their articles on typewriters to young female data journalists. The interviews with journalists—including local newspaper reporters, public broadcasting services and news magazines’ editors, freelancers and former German Democratic Republic (GDR) journalists—are part of a larger funded research project on German journalism. Their analysis reveals a common problematization of the growing pace of news production and the hybridization of media formats. The qualitative data confirm data from quantitative surveys on journalism and can help international journalism research to get an in-depth understanding on how journalists perceive the changes over the last decades in their trade.
Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp secondary to Erlotinib: A rare occurrence with trichoscopic perspective
Authors: Gupta Sharang , Chopra Dimple , Preeyati
Published: August 2023

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are anti-tumour agents that are frequently used for the treatment of neoplastic disorders. In addition to their cutaneous adverse effects, these drugs can rarely lead to erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp. We report a case of a 67-year-old female who developed erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp after being started on erlotinib from a trichoscopic perspective, which has been described in literature only once till now.
The evolution of ScotRIGHT: The first pan-Scotland physician trainee research network
Authors: Moffat Victoria EL , Brennan Paul N , Gaya Daniel R , Hayes Peter C , Din Shahida ,   On Behalf of ScotRIGHT
Published: August 2023

Scotland has a distinguished track record in foundational clinical research. From the completion of the first clinical trial undertaken in scurvy to cloning the world’s first whole mammal, Scottish basic and clinical research is world leading. More recently, challenges in access to research skills, funding and programmes by clinical trainees led to the development of alternatives to these typical avenues of accessing research opportunities. Trainee networks evolved to meet the needs of trainees looking to access projects and collaboratives beyond audit and quality improvement commonly performed during structured training. These networks have enjoyed enormous success and have succeeded in progressing projects which have impactful outputs for patients, and improving clinical services. Here, we describe the foundation of the first pan-Scotland physician trainee research network; Scottish Trainees Research In Gastroterology and Hepatology (ScotRIGHT). We outline the foundational efforts, requisites and foundations required to develop a research network.
Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault: A Systematic Review
Authors: Recalde-Esnoz Irantzu , Prego-Meleiro Pablo , Montalvo Gemma , del Castillo Héctor
Published: August 2023

Since the last two decades, the scientific community has made an effort to analyze drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA). However, a lack of understanding remains about the DFSA problem, particularly concerning the opportunistic variant. Facing this situation, a systematic review of the term DFSA is carried out from its first appearance in the scientific databases consulted (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) to the current day. The search resulted in 773 publications, reduced to a final study sample composed of 19 articles. Eligible studies for this review had to meet certain inclusion criteria, in addition to providing information on DFSA prevalence, DFSA victim profile, DFSA offender profile, involved drugs, or contextual information about the assault. The results demonstrated that the assailants are men, who mostly know victims before the assault. The victims are young women under 30 years old. Alcohol is the drug involved in most DFSA cases, prevailing a voluntary use. Most assaults occur in private spaces, particularly the aggressors’ own homes. Furthermore, there is a detected need for a standard definition of DFSA to allow the different actors involved in dealing with sexual violence to work effectively together, and, at the same time, it is detected that the available studies overrepresent proactive DFSA and underestimate opportunism, the most common modus operandi involved in DFSA cases.
Effectiveness of Violence Prevention Interventions: Umbrella Review of Research in the General Population
Authors: Fazel Seena , Burghart Matthias , Wolf Achim , Whiting Daniel , Yu Rongqin
Published: August 2023

To address the societal harms of violence, many violence prevention interventions have been developed, tested, and implemented in the general population. These have been reported in systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which have typically focused on one type of intervention or outcome. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of different psychosocial interventions in reducing all forms of violence toward others. We have conducted an umbrella review of previous meta-analyses using standard approaches and converted findings on effectiveness into odds ratios. We tested for the underlying quality of the meta-analytic evidence by examining heterogeneity, excess statistical significance, prediction intervals, and small study effects. We identified 16 meta-analyses, including nine investigating psychosocial interventions, and five legislative and policy changes. Most meta-analyses reported positive effects of tested interventions. The strongest effects were found for sports-based initiatives, and the weakest for general population programs aimed at early childhood, youth development, and reducing sexual assault perpetration by men. Legislative changes had varying effectiveness. We conclude that simple, scalable, and cost-efficient programs, such as sport-based initiatives, have the clearest empirical support as population-based approaches to violence prevention.
Parental Production of Child Sexual Abuse Material: A Critical Review
Authors: Salter Michael , Wong Tim
Published: August 2023

The aim of this review is to summarize the available empirical research on parental production and to explore the discursive positioning of parental perpetrators within scholarship on child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Academic databases were searched using a combination of relevant terms, and the review was expanded as new terms were identified. The review identified 66 scholarly articles, papers, or books that referred to parental production of CSAM published since 1970. To explore how parental offenders have been positioned within this literature over time, the review is presented according to a chronological summary, drawing out key themes and empirical insights. The review showed that parental CSAM production is common, more likely to involve pre-pubescent victims, more severe abuse, female as well as male perpetrators, and produces high-demand illegal content with serious long-term sequelae. However, the review found that the focus of child trafficking and sexual exploitation scholarship on “commercial” and profit-driven abuse has marginalized and obscured parental CSAM production as a serious policy challenge. These findings warrant a reorientation of research, policy, and practice approaches to technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation, as well as a reflection on the resistance of researchers and policymakers to acknowledging the problem of family-based sexual exploitation.
Local Health Department Values and Organizational Authorities Guiding Cross-Sector Work During COVID-19
Authors: Johnson Karl , Biddell Caitlin B. , Gora Combs Katherine , Wiesman John , Valdes Lupi Monica , Hassmiller Lich Kristen
Published: August 2023

Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the role that local health departments (LHDs) have in cross sector can address alone, including the work of value alignment and the strategic use of organizational authorities. The practices by which LHDs used their authorities to conduct cross-sector work during the pandemic need exploration.

Method

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 public health leaders from metropolitan LHDs across the United States. Our interview guide assessed the values that LHD leadership prioritized in their cross-sector work as well as the range of organizational authorities they leveraged to influence external decision-making in other sectors.

Results

We found that LHDs approached cross-sector work by leaning on diverse values and authorities, each with unique implications for their work. The LHDs emphasized their approach to value alignment on a sector-by-sector basis, strategically using diverse organizational authorities—economic, political, moral, scientific, and logistical. While each authority and value we assessed was present across all interviewees, how each shaped action varied. Internally, LHDs emphasized certain authorities more than others to the degree that they more closely aligned with prioritized core values.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the ongoing need for LHD leadership to improve their ability to effectively communicate public health values and the unique authorities by which health-supporting work can be facilitated, including how this message must be adapted, depending on the specific sectors with which the LHD needs to partner and the governance arrangement in which the LHD is situated.
Predictive Models for Colon Adenocarcinoma Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Immune Microenvironment Based on 2 Hypoxia-Related Genes: KDM3A and ENO3
Authors: Kong Chunli , Zheng Liyun , Fang Shiji , Chen Minjiang , Lin Guihan , Qiu Rongfang , Zhao Zhongwei , Chen Weiqian , Song Jingjing , Yang Yang , Ji Jiansong
Published: August 2023

Background: Hypoxia is known to play a critical role in tumor occurrence, progression, prognosis, and therapy resistance. However, few studies have investigated hypoxia markers for diagnosing and predicting prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). This study aims to identify a hypoxia genes-based biomarker for predicting COAD patients’ prognosis and response to immunotherapy on an individual basis. Methods: Hypoxia-related genes were extracted from the Molecular Signatures Database. Gene expression, clinical data, and mutation data of COAD were collected retrospectively from the Cancer Genome Atlas, the Gene Expression Omnibus, and the International Cancer Genome Consortium databases. Univariate and multivariate cox regression, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method were used to select the genes most associated with the prognosis of COAD patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analyses were performed to validate the efficacy of the signature in predicting the prognosis of COAD patients. EdU incorporation assays, cell survival assays, western blot assays, and trans-well invasion assays were performed to further confirm the function of the screened genes in tumorigenesis. Results: ENO3 and KDM3A were identified as key genes for constructing prognostic and diagnostic signatures, which were found to be independent risk factors for predicting the prognosis and diagnosis of COAD patients. Using these signatures, COAD patients could be stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups, with the latter exhibiting better overall survival outcomes. Moreover, the high-risk group displayed elevated levels of immune checkpoint genes and tumor mutation burden, indicating that these patients may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Conclusion: The signature developed in this study demonstrates excellent efficacy in prognosticating the outcomes of COAD patients. Moreover, it can serve as a valuable tool for clinicians to identify COAD patients who are suitable for ICI therapy.
Longitudinal changes in objective sleep parameters during pregnancy
Authors: Guo Yuqing , Xu Qi , Dutt Nikil , Kehoe Priscilla , Qu Annie
Published: August 2023

Background:

Sleep disturbances are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Thus, it is necessary to understand the continuous patterns of sleep during pregnancy and how moderators such as maternal age and pre-pregnancy body mass index impact sleep.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the continuous changes in sleep parameters objectively (i.e. sleep stages, total sleep time, and awake time) in pregnant women and to describe the impact of maternal age and/or pre-pregnancy body mass index as moderators of these objective sleep parameters.

Design:

This was a longitudinal observational design.

Methods:

Seventeen women with a singleton pregnancy participated in this study. Mixed model repeated measures were used to describe weekly patterns, while aggregated changes describe these three pregnancy periods (10–19, 20–29, and 30–39 gestational weeks).

Results:

For the weekly patterns, we found significantly decreased deep (1.26 ± 0.18 min/week, p < 0.001), light (0.72 ± 0.37 min/week, p = 0.05), and total sleep time (1.56 ± 0.47 min/week, p < 0.001) as well as increased awake time (1.32 ± 0.34 min/week, p < 0.001). For the aggregated changes, we found similar patterns to weekly changes. Women (⩾30 years) had an even greater decrease in deep sleep (1.50 ± 0.22 min/week, p < 0.001) than those younger (0.84 ± 0.29 min/week, p = 0.04). Women who were both overweight/obese and ⩾30 years experienced an increase in rapid eye movement sleep (0.84 ± 0.31 min/week, p = 0.008), but those of normal weight (<30 years) did not.

Conclusion:

This study appears to be the first to describe continuous changes in sleep parameters during pregnancy at home. Our study provides preliminary evidence that sleep parameters could be potential non-invasive physiological markers predicting perinatal outcomes.
Examining the roles of visual imagery and working memory in the retrieval of autobiographical memories using a dual-task paradigm
Authors: Anthony Kristine , Wong Hoo Keat , Lim Alfred , Sow Farrah , Janssen Steve MJ
Published: August 2023

The retrieval of autobiographical memories involves the construction of mental representations of past personal events. Many researchers examining the processes underlying memory retrieval argue that visual imagery plays a fundamental role. Other researchers, however, have argued that working memory is an integral component involved in memory retrieval. The goal of this study was to resolve these conflicting arguments by comparing the relative contributions of visual imagery and working memory during the retrieval of autobiographical memories in a dual-task paradigm. While following a moving dot, viewing a dynamic visual noise (DVN), or viewing a blank screen, 95 participants recalled their memories and subsequently rated them on different memory characteristics. The results suggest that inhibiting visual imagery by having participants view DVN merely delayed memory retrieval but did not affect the phenomenological quality of the memories retrieved. Taxations to the working memory by having participants follow a moving dot, on the contrary, resulted in only longer retrieval latencies and no reductions in the specificity, vividness, or the emotional intensity of the memories retrieved. Whereas the role of visual imagery during retrieval is clear, future studies could further examine the role of working memory during retrieval by administering a task that is less difficult or by recruiting a larger sample than this study. The results of this study seem to suggest that both visual imagery and working memory play a role during the retrieval of autobiographical memory, but more research needs to be conducted to determine their exact roles.
Perioperative management of adults with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Okeke Chinazo , Zhang Jenny , Bashford Tom , Seah Matthew
Published: August 2023

Despite advances in management strategy, traumatic brain injury remains strongly associated with neurological impairment and mortality. Management of traumatic brain injury requires careful and targeted management of the physiological consequences which extend beyond the scope of the primary impact to the cranium. Here, we present a review of the principles of its acute management in adults. We outline the procedure which patients are assessed and the critical physiological variables which must be monitored to prevent further neurological damage. We describe current interventional strategies from the context of the underlying physiological mechanisms and recent clinical data and identify persisting challenges in traumatic brain injury management and potential avenues of future progress.
How do digital range of motion measurement devices ‘measure-up’ to traditional goniometry in assessing shoulder range of motion? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shepherd J , Hansjee S , Divall P , Raval P , Singh HP
Published: August 2023

Background

Shoulder range of motion (ROM) is traditionally measured using universal goniometry. However, novel devices to measure shoulder ROM digitally are becoming increasingly available. We aimed to synthesise the current evidence to answer: 1) what technologies are currently in use? 2) Are they reliable? 3) How do they compare to goniometry?

Methods

Systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Emcare and Cochrane databases were searched to identify studies comparing a digital device measuring shoulder ROM to goniometry in participants > = 18years. Quality of studies was assessed using COSMIN risk of bias tool. End points included device validity compared to goniometry and intra-rater reliability.

Results

15 articles were included, representing 372 participants and 608 shoulders, and reporting data for five device categories; infrared/RGB-D, 3D-motion-analysis, combined 3D/infra-red, 2D-video-analysis and virtual-reality. Nine studies reported mean bias and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) compared to goniometry. Pooled mean bias was −0.25 degrees (−1.25, 0.75 95% LOA, random effects model) overall. This did not differ by device type (p = 0.83), sensor or non-sensor-based devices (p = 0.62) or plane of movement (p = 0.91).

Conclusions

These devices compare well to goniometry and represent a possible means of increasing efficiency and facilitating telemedicine.
Novel systemic therapies in the management of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-pretreated patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Yang-Si , Jie Guang-Ling , Wu Yi-Long
Published: August 2023

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the standard first-line option for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring active EGFR mutations. The overall survival of patients with advanced NSCLC has improved dramatically with the development of comprehensive genetic profiles and targeted therapies. However, resistance inevitably occurs, leading to disease progression after approximately 10–18 months of EGFR-TKI treatment. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for patients who have experienced disease progression while undergoing EGFR-TKI treatment, but its efficacy is limited. The management of extensively pretreated patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC is becoming increasingly concerning. New agents have shown encouraging efficacy in clinical trials for this patient population, including fourth-generation EGFR-TKIs, EGFR-TKIs combined with counterpart targeted drugs, and novel agents such as antibody–drug conjugates. We review current efforts to manage extensively pretreated patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
The prognostic value of TMB in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wankhede Durgesh , Grover Sandeep , Hofman Paul
Published: August 2023

Background:

Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been validated as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response and survival in numerous cancer types. Limited data is available on the inherent prognostic role of TMB in early-stage tumors.

Objective:

To evaluate the prognostic role of TMB in early-stage, resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of pertinent prospective and retrospective studies.

Data sources and methods:

Publication search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Based on the level of heterogeneity, a random- or fixed-effects model was used to calculate pooled effects of hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The source of heterogeneity was investigated using sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias assessment.

Results:

Ten studies comprising 2520 patients were included in this analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in OS (HR, 1.18, 95% CI, 0.70, 1.33; p 0.53, I2 = 80%; phet < 0.0001) and DFS (HR, 1.18, 95% CI, 0.91, 1.52; p = 0.53, I2 = 75%; phet = 0.0001) between the high-TMB and low-TMB group. Subgroup analyses indicated that East Asian ethnicity, and TMB detected using whole exome sequencing, and studies with <100 patients had poor DFS in the high-TMB group.

Conclusion:

The inherent prognostic role of TMB is limited in early-stage NSCLC. Ethnic differences in mutation burden must be considered while designing future trials on neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Further research in the harmonization and standardization of panel-based TMB is essential for its widespread clinical utility. Registration: CRD42023392846.
High-normal free thyroxine level is related with decreased bone mineral density in nonobese male patients with type 2 diabetes over 50 years old
Authors: Zhao Hanxin , Shi Dike , Wang Guoxing , Ruan Yu , Feng Xiaocheng , Jia ChengFang , Wang Qingqing , Dong Xuehong
Published: August 2023

Background:

The prevalence of ‘low bone mineral density (BMD)’ in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), especially stratified by body mass index, is seldom reported. The relation of the euthyroid range and low BMD in T2DM remains to be further elucidated.

Objectives:

We aim to investigate the thyroid hormones’ impact on BMD among euthyroid patients with T2DM.

Design and methods:

A total of 1452 hospitalized T2DM patients with normal thyroid function (43.6% males aged over 50 and 56.4% postmenopausal females) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. BMD was measured at lumbar spine by GE lunar dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry system, and ‘low BMD’ was defined as T-score <−1.0 SD. The prevalence of ‘low BMD’ was compared between obese and nonobese (body mass index < 25 kg/m2) groups for both sexes, and the relation of low BMD and free T4 quartiles was explored by multiple logistic regression.

Results:

The general prevalence of ‘low BMD’ was 12.3% for male patients aged over 50 (15.5% in the nonobese group and 8.0% in the obese group) and 49.8% for postmenopausal females (56.7% in the nonobese group and 48.9% in the obese group). After adjustment in multiple linear regression, free T4 level remained significantly related to decreased BMD in nonobese male subgroup. Multiple logistic regression revealed that BMD of the highest free T4 quartile (1.12–1.48 ng/dL) decreased significantly than other three quartiles after adjusting for confounding factors including age, body mass index, serum calcium and creatinine level, fasting glucose, alkaline phosphatase, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and smoking history (OR = 2.724, 95% CI = 1.085–6.840, p = 0.033). No significant relation was found in obese male or postmenopausal female groups.

Conclusion:

High-normal free T4 is a potential independent risk factor for ‘low BMD’ in nonobese male T2DM patients aged over 50. Close attention should be paid to thyroid function profile, even within normal range, in nonobese men with underlying higher fracture risks on diabetes status.
Preparation, characterization and swelling studies of bio-waste-derived absorbent hydrogels
Authors: Chapi Sharanappa
Published: August 2023

A class of polymeric materials known as “hydrogel products” have a hydrophobic structure that enables them to hold significant volumes of water in their three-dimensional networks. It is thought that it is of utmost importance that they can be used extensively in a variety of industrial, biomedical and environmental applications. In this view, I have synthesized a uniuqe hydrogel made from cellulose extracted from banana pseudostem (BPC). This hydrogel exhibits superabsorbent properties. The synthesis was achieved by free-radical graft copolymerization of poly 2-(acryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride copolymer N,N-dimethylacrylamide (AETAC- co-DMA) onto a BPC backbone using ammonium persulfate as the initiator and methylene bisacrylamide as the cross-linking agent. The graft copolymer was studied using FT-IR spectroscopy to confirm its structure. It was further characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine its morphological and thermal properties, respectively. The Effect of various parameters of free-radical graft copolymerization on the swelling behavior of the hydrogel was studied and the optimized copolymer was used to conduct pH and salt sensitivity tests on the hydrogel. The maximum water uptake of the hydrogel was found to be 427  g/g under optimum conditions of initiator, monomer and cross-linker concentrations of 0.0657 mol/L, 1.6 mol and 0.0972 mol/L correspondingly. The hydrogel was found to be pH and salt-sensitive and the salt uptake followed the order KCl>NaCl>CaCl>FeCl3. The excellent water absorbency, pH and salt responsiveness of the prepared hydrogel suggest its applicability not only in agriculture and wastewater treatment, but also in biomedicine for the controlled release of drugs.
“I am not human without my phone”: How the socio-cultural realities of Liberia shape Liberian mobile youth culture
Authors: Togar Euriahs , Antheunis Marjolijn L. , De Leyn Tom , Abeele Mariek M. P. Vanden
Published: August 2023

Mobile youth culture (MYC) is a concept that refers to the distinctive ways in which young people adopt and use mobile phones. However, most studies on MYC are situated in the Global North, where the lived realities of teenagers are different from teenagers in the Global South. Through an investigation of how MYC manifests in Liberia, this article adds to the growing literature on mobile communication in the Global South. By doing so, the study responds to scholarly criticisms of the assumption that young people everywhere experience the use of mobile phones in similar ways. Based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 38 Liberian teenagers, our findings challenge the western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD)-centric suggestion of a worldwide “monoculture,” because our results show that although mobile connectivity gives Liberian teenagers opportunities similar to those afforded to their peers in most WEIRD (and non-WEIRD) societies, it is simultaneously experienced markedly different by them. We therefore argue for a more “inclusive” conceptualization of the MYC concept.
Inclusive design in electrical stimulation technologies and neurorehabilitation for clinician and patient end users
Authors: Street Tamsyn
Published: August 2023

Dr. Tamsyn Street is an interdisciplinary researcher working for the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK with a background in motor neurorehabilitation. In the last couple of decades there has been a rapid advancement in assistive technology solutions using electrical stimulation for neurorehabilitation. This editorial examines whether these advancements have translated into good inclusive design performance for clinician and patient end users. Suggestions for overcoming some of the existing challenges are proposed.
The Obama creed in retrospect: Communicative frames and representations from an Afrocentric perspective
Authors: Sikanku Godwin Etse
Published: August 2023

This article takes a reflective turn by investigating Afrocentric representations in selected speeches of former US President Barack Obama through the framing analytic lens. While past research has yielded knowledge on the role of race in American politics and Obama’s identity construction, there is limited work on such representations within an Afrocentric perspective. It focuses on how Obama used his ethnic African heritage to frame his identity and politics. To be specific the study examined the presence of Afrocentric frames and predominant narratives present in selected Obama speeches. Most of Barack Obama’s communication can be viewed as a project of identity construction and dissemination. Four Afrocentric frames were unearthed. These include: (a) exceptionalism and African origins, (b) heritage and memories of a father, (c) communalism and (d) Africa and democracy. The current study contributes to research applications of the framing theory, identity construction and political image-making within the Afrocentric paradigm.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Sustainability Education in Tourism Universities
Authors: León-Gómez Ana , Mora Forero Jorge Alexander , Santos-Jaén Jose Manuel
Published: August 2023

There is growing interested in the analysis of academic training in the sustainable field of tourism. However, no explicit body of knowledge has focused on evaluating the performance of a scientific activity in this field. Accordingly, this study systematically reviews academic research on the sustainability of the educational background in tourism universities through a bibliometric analysis. For this purpose, bibliometric tools related to research activity impact indicators and analysis of co-authorship networks and keywords have been used. The results show that the topic analysed is recent and that the number of publications continues to grow. They also show that only some academics have addressed this topic, which implies that more research is needed. Therefore, in this framework, thematic specialization could be a strategic option. Researchers can use these results to approach future studies about suggested research avenues better.
Getting More Women on Boards: Cultural and Institutional Antecedents That Matter
Authors: Warner-Søderholm Gillian , Gabaldon Quinones Patricia , Seierstad Cathrine , Åberg Carl
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the multiple cultural and institutional antecedents which can positively (or negatively) impact the incorporation of more women on corporate boards (WoCB). Many contemporary discourses about quotas versus voluntary actions by corporations as drivers of greater gender diversity on boards are largely based on cross-country mimicking. These discourses often fail to integrate country-level configurations and conditions, as drivers or barriers to change. We advance this research by seeking to understand the complexity of such multiple antecedents to getting WoCB. Results show multiple macro factors involved in getting WoCB in Europe. We test the complex inter-relations of factors such as legislation, cultural, societal, economic, political, and institutional variables, and their effects. Findings highlight important drivers of more women on boards such as gender equality in political empowerment and institutional settings; government-regulated maternity and paternity leave; specific legislative or soft quota policies; and societal cultural variables, such as (low) power distance and (high) assertiveness, as drivers of getting WoCB. These results prove the need to consider and complement legislative policies to specific cultural and institutional conditions in each country. To help policymakers, we provide insights into which multiple macro factors act as drivers or barriers in their organizations or societies for getting more WoCB. This will help decision makers in organizations or policymaking bodies to match gender diversity goals to the multiple country-level conditions they need to navigate, hence making a better world together.
The Effects of Spherical Video-Based Virtual Reality and Conventional Video on Students’ Descriptive Writing Achievement and Motivation: A Comparative Study
Authors: Li Feng , Cheng Liang , Wang Xi , He Xiaona , Wang Yiyu
Published: August 2023

This study compares the effects of Spherical Video-Based Virtual Reality (SVVR) and Conventional Video (CV) on students’ writing achievement and motivation. A quasi-experimental method was used in a primary school’s Chinese Descriptive Article Writing courses. Twenty-eight fourth-grade students were randomly divided into two groups. In the SVVR group, students observed the writing scenes using SVVR devices. In the CV group, students watched the writing scenes through conventional video. SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis of the data. The results show that: (1) there is no significant difference ( U = 714, p = .061) in the overall writing achievement between SVVR and CV groups. However, students in the SVVR group performed significantly better in Organization ( U = 693, p = .029) and Content ( U = 609, p = .003) than those in the CV group. (2) Overall writing motivation improved in both SVVR and CV groups. The improvement of writing expectations in the CV group was significantly higher than that of the SVVR group ( t = −2.119, p = .044). Therefore, we suggest that schools: (1) design the integration method of SVVR and writing learning to solve the problem of the gap between students’ immersive situational experience and completing their writing goals. (2) use the immersive and interactive features of SVVR technology to create virtual experience scenes to improve students’ observation and description abilities. (3) add activity clues to guide students to experience SVVR scenes purposefully and plan and transform situational interest into learning ability. (4) further optimize SVVR devices to improve their usability during learning.
Factors Influencing the Spatial Spillovers of the Interprovincial Tourism Economy Based on Three-dimensional Distance: Evidence From China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Sun Yuqin , Jiang Jiecao
Published: August 2023

This study applies a spatial econometric model to examine the impact of three-dimensional distance on interprovincial tourism economic spillover effects using panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019. The impacts of technological innovation, ecological environment, informatization level, industrial structure, infrastructure facilities, and location, on the indirect effect of the tourism economy are comparatively analyzed. It explores the regional characteristics and developmental changes of tourism economic spillover. The results show that, first, based on the three spatial matrices, the direct and total effect values of technological innovation are the largest when close to each other, and technological innovation among provinces with higher economic volumes significantly promotes positive interprovincial tourism economic spillover. Second, ecological environment is the main promoting factor of positive tourism economic spillover among neighboring provinces in China’s western region. Third, industrial structure optimization shows a significant positive spatial spillover effect. Fourth, with gradual infrastructure improvement, the influence of infrastructure facilities on the spillover effect of interprovincial tourism economy weakens gradually. Fifth, improved information technology levels can effectively promote positive spatial spillover of the tourism economy. Sixth, the influence of location on the positive spatial spillover of the interprovincial tourism economy shows a gradually increasing trend.
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Synergistically Induced by Amiodarone and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Assad Ahmad , Alkhaldi Mohammad , Abrahamian Andrew , Yonel Brandon , Assaly Ragheb , Altorok Nazem
Published: August 2023

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) syndrome is characterized by bleeding into the alveolar spaces of the lungs and occurs when there is an injury to the alveolar microcirculation that leads to hemorrhage from the alveolar capillaries. We report a case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with acute respiratory distress. The patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and was on amiodarone for atrial fibrillation therapy. Initial diagnostic workup, including bronchoscopy and imaging studies, revealed diffuse opacities and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid consistent with DAH. The patient required aggressive management with supportive care and corticosteroids. Laboratory work showed a synergistic effect between amiodarone and RA in inducing DAH. This makes the report unique as no reports in the literature described a synergic effect of amiodarone and RA in inducing DAH. The primary objective of this report is to guide physicians and remind them to keep DAH at the top of their differential diagnosis in the setting of an RA patient taking amiodarone.
Gene Therapy in Hemophilia: A Transformational Patient Experience
Authors: Rasul Enayet , Hallock Ryan , Hellmann Magnus , Konduros Jay , Pembroke Luke , LeCleir Gregory , Malacan Jean , von Mackensen Sylvia
Published: August 2023

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by a single absent/defective gene and characterized by a lack of functional clotting factors. People with hemophilia may experience joint damage, pain, and psychological impairments, all of which could contribute to reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The current standard of care is clotting factor replacement, which is associated with regular infusions; therefore, alternative treatments such as gene therapy (GT) are in development. GT involves the delivery of a functional copy of the clotting factor 8/9 gene by a single infusion into the patient's cells, enabling them to produce their own clotting factor VIII/IX. The impact of treatment on patients’ HRQoL can be assessed using hemophilia-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures. Since these measures were designed before the advent of GT, there is a need for updated individualized PRO measures. Patient groups and regulatory authorities emphasize the need for increased patient engagement when considering clinical trial design. Here, we provide patients’ perspective on undergoing GT and discuss how to capture the patient voice when measuring the therapy's transformative impact.
Structure and thermal behaviour of different concentration PEG loaded PVA nanofibers
Authors: Nigrawal Archana , Chand Navin , Sharma Arun Kumar , Haque Fozia Z
Published: August 2023

Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) has established its credibility in the fields of filtration, biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. In this paper different concentration of poly (ethylene) glycol were added to PVA to prepare gel and its nano fibres. PEG is water soluble similar to PVA can give a uniform gel and a strong intermolecular bonding can be achieved by the addition of PEG in PVA. Fibres were prepared by having high wt.% of PEG loaded PVA nano fibres. Nano fibre mat having 0, 0.2,0.4 and 0.6 g PEG having low molecular weight was added in the 8.6 wt.% PVA solution and then fibres were prepared by using electro spinning technique. Nano fibres so prepared were characterised by SEM, XRD and DSC. SEM results reveal that increase of PEG concentration separated the nano fibres and increased the gap of the mesh size. SEM micro graphs depicts that produced nano fibres are homogenous in nature and there were no apparent gap between the PVA and PEG nano fibre. It may be explained that due to the high electric potential developed during the electro spinning process which helped the nano fibres to get stretched XRD patterns exhibited the crystal size increased on adding PEG in the PVA gel. Effect of PEG addition on Tm of PVA nano fibres has been determined by running their DSC scans. An additional peak of 158.13°C is observed for the sample having 0.4 g PEG. Melting temperature shifted from 215° C to 219°C due to increase in crystal size of PEG added PVA nano fibres.
Serum Adiponectin Levels as an Independent Marker of Severity of Psoriasis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Kaushik Aarushi , Chopra Dimple , Kaur Karamjot , Gupta Sharang , Chopra Preeyati
Published: August 2023

Background

Adiponectin is an adipokine, having anti-inflammatory properties, the levels of which are reduced in metabolic syndrome. In psoriasis, it plays a preventive role by inhibiting the differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes and decreasing the levels of the signature cytokine, IL-17.

Aims and objectives

To find a correlation between serum adiponectin levels and the severity of psoriasis and to compare these levels amongst patients with parameters of metabolic syndrome vs those without it.

Materials and methods

This was a cross-sectional observational study consisting of 60 cases of chronic plaque type psoriasis and 20 controls. Mild, moderate and severe disease was defined based on Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). Serum samples were analyzed for fasting serum adiponectin levels.

Results

The mean serum adiponectin level among cases (16.07 ± 8.55 μg/ml) was significantly lower than controls (21.65 ± 8.07 μg/ml, P = .012). It was not only lower among cases with MetS (14.28 ± 7.95 μg/ml), but also in patients without MetS (17.35 ± 8.83 μg/ml). Serum adiponectin levels were negatively correlated to age, Body Mass Index (BMI), PASI, disease duration and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate(ESR). However, only the negative correlation with PASI ( P = .000), duration ( P = .005) and ESR ( P = .010), was statistically significant.

Conclusion

Serum adiponectin is decreased in psoriasis, independent of metabolic syndrome and is negatively correlated with disease severity and duration.

Limitations

Analysis on a larger sample size and response to treatment could not be assessed.