bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond consensus and conflict in housing governance: Returning to the local state
Authors: Ormerod Emma , MacLeod Gordon
Published: August 2018

This article contends that the de-politicizing tendencies in urban planning that are often interpreted through a post-political frame of analysis might alternatively be investigated via the analytical lens of a transforming local state. Examining the formation of entrepreneurial municipal housing strategies in Gateshead, northeast England, the article reveals a recent history of community consensus being manipulated, a technocratic steering of participatory planning and a de-amplifying of dissenting voices. Amid protracted conditions of austerity, the more recent strategy sees Gateshead municipal authority assuming an increasingly ‘promotional’ role, essentially as a housing developer. Placing critical decisions over housing futures within Gateshead Regeneration Partnership, a potentially rough road towards attaining democratic legitimacy is actively being smoothed. These are all trends that are emblematic of a post-political repertoire. However, a more forensic examination reveals how these anti-democratic processes might be more appropriately understood as political accomplishments on the part of those who have been newly incorporated into a local state in transition. The article thereby offers a conceptual antidote to the post-political narrative.
An mHealth intervention to improve nurses’ atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation knowledge and practice: the EVICOAG study
Authors: Ferguson Caleb , Hickman Louise D , Phillips Jane , Newton Phillip J , Inglis Sally C , Lam Lawrence , Bajorek Beata V
Published: August 2018

Background:

There is a need to improve cardiovascular nurses’ knowledge and practices related to stroke prevention, atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation therapy.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of EVICOAG – a novel mHealth, smartphone-based, spaced-learning intervention on nurses’ knowledge of atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation.

Methods:

Nurses employed in four clinical specialties (neuroscience, stroke, rehabilitation, cardiology) across three hospitals were invited to participate. In this quasi-experimental study, 12 case-based atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation learning scenarios (hosted by an mHealth platform) were delivered to participants’ smartphones over a 6-week period (July–December 2016) using a spaced timing algorithm. Electronic surveys to assess awareness and knowledge were administered pre (T1) and post (T2) intervention.

Results:

From 74 participants recruited to T1, 40 completed T2. There was a 54% mean improvement in knowledge levels post-intervention. The largest improvement was achieved in domains related to medication interaction and stroke and bleeding risk assessment. Post-intervention, those who completed T2 were significantly more likely to use CHA2DS2-VASc (2.5% vs. 37.5%) and HAS-BLED (2.5% vs. 35%) tools to assess stroke and bleeding risk, respectively ( P<0.01).

Conclusion:

The EVICOAG intervention improved nurses’ knowledge of atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation, and influenced their uptake and use of stroke and bleeding risk assessment tools in clinical practice. Future research should focus on whether a similar intervention might improve patient-centred outcomes such as patients’ knowledge of their condition and therapies, medication adherence, time in the therapeutic range and quality of life.
Perceptions of Health Coaching for Behavior Change Among Medicaid and Commercially Insured Adults
Authors: McQueen Amy , Kreuter Matthew , Loughran Molly , Thompson Tess , Poor Tim
Published: August 2018

Use of health coaching to help individuals make and sustain changes in health behavior and disease management is increasing, and early evidence about its effects is promising. However, few studies assess participants’ preferences and expectations about health coaches, the use of the term health coach, and the coaching relationship. To help inform the design of future health coaching programs, we conducted qualitative interviews with 50 U.S. adults (25 with Medicaid, 25 commercially insured) to assess their (1) sources of health information; (2) familiarity with, preferences for, and associations with 32 terms that could describe “someone who uses experience and one-on-one communication to help others change behaviors to improve their health;” and (3) perceptions of how well different terms apply across different health behaviors and for nonhealth concerns (e.g., financial, career). Results showed wide variability in preferences for different coaching terms and mental models of coaching that differed by insurance type. Commercially insured participants made a distinction between experts and supporters as different categories of coaches. Medicaid participants associated coach with sports and viewed the term as less professional. All participants preferred terms such as advisor and specialist, and all wanted content experts who could also appreciate the broader context of their life.
From the Editors
Authors: Ray Rashawn , Rojas Fabio
Published: August 2018

Rashawn Ray and Fabio Rojas urge broader definitions of “resistance,” from everyday choices to mobilizing and marching.
The Struggle to Save Abortion Care
Authors: Joffe Carole
Published: August 2018

Resisting both physical attacks and widespread policy proscriptions, mission-driven abortion care providers continue working to help their patients.
Students and University Growing Up Together
Authors: Beattie Irenee R. , Wyan Roger J.
Published: August 2018

A new campus and its first class of students, both in transition.
Seeing Change in Environments and Behavior
Authors: Hipp J. Aaron
Published: August 2018

J. Aaron Hipp on measuring activity in public spaces.
Prison Tourism in the Age of Mass Incarceration
Authors: McCorkel Jill , DalCortivo Anna
Published: August 2018

Jill McCorkel and Anna DalCortivo on penal pilgrimage.
The Sociological Imagination is Well Suited to Political Office
Authors: Munro Patricia
Published: August 2018

Patricia Munro on her sociological journey onto the fall ballot.
Perioperative Narcotic Use and Carpal Tunnel Release: Trends, Risk Factors, and Complications
Authors: Gause Trent M. , Nunnery John J. , Chhabra Abhinav B. , Werner Brian C.
Published: August 2018

Background: The goals of the study were to: (1) evaluate trends in preoperative and prolonged postoperative narcotic use in carpal tunnel release (CTR); (2) characterize risks for prolonged narcotic use; and (3) evaluate narcotic use as an independent risk factor for complications following CTR. Methods: A query of a large insurance database from 2007-2016 was conducted. Patients undergoing open or endoscopic CTR were included. Revision surgeries or patients undergoing median nerve repair at the forearm, upper extremity fasciotomies, or with distal radius fractures were excluded. Preoperative use was defined as narcotic use between 1 to 4 months prior to CTR. A narcotic prescription between 1 and 4 months after surgery was considered prolonged postoperative use. Demographics, comorbidities, and other risk factors for prolonged postoperative use were assessed using a regression analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the number of preoperative narcotic prescriptions. Narcotic use as a risk factor for complications, including chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and revision CTR, was assessed. Results: In total, 66 077 patients were included. A decrease in prescribing of perioperative narcotics was noted. Risk factors for prolonged narcotic use included preoperative narcotic use, drug and substance use, lumbago, and depression. Preoperative narcotics were associated with increased emergency room visits, readmissions, CRPS, and infection. Prolonged postoperative narcotic use was linked to CRPS and revision surgery. Conclusions: Preoperative narcotic use is strongly associated with prolonged postoperative use. Both preoperative and prolonged postoperative prescriptions narcotic use correlated with increased risk of complications. Preoperative narcotic use is associated with a higher risk of postoperative CRPS.
‘Things were good during Tito’s times, my parents say’: How young Croatian generations negotiated the socially mediated frames of the recent Yugoslav past
Authors: Vuckovic Juros Tanja
Published: August 2018

How do new generations in a society negotiate different perspectives of a controversial past available from various sources? How do they use the past to make sense of their lives? Using in-depth interviews with 72 young members of the first two Croatian post-Yugoslav generations, this study analysed how these young people acquired elements of their repertoires on the recent Yugoslav past from family members, school and the media, how they assessed these elements in terms of plausibility and legitimacy, and how they appropriated or questioned them. The study’s findings suggest that the credibility of the socially mediated perspectives of the past was increased by the emotional bond with the sources who adopted the role of witnesses, and by the fit with the personal concerns of the meaning-making audience. As a result, the most successful were the frames transmitted by the communicative sources through social interaction, rather than by the institutionalized sources.
Life in the nuclear age: Classical realism, critical theory and the technopolitics of the nuclear condition
Authors: Peoples Columba
Published: August 2018

Classical realist thought provides a diagnosis of the significance nuclear weapons that calls into question the very possibility of politics in the nuclear age. While sharing similarities with this outlook, critical theoretic reflections suggest a more expansive consideration of the nuclear condition as underpinned by combinations of dystopian fears of nuclear destruction and utopian visions of nuclear futures. Most prominently Herbert Marcuse’s critical theory intimates an understanding of the nuclear condition as one that is rendered tolerable so long as nuclear technologies are associated with and related to innovation, progress and modernity. The study of the technopolitics of the nuclear condition might thus look not only to classical realists’ concern with ‘Death in the Nuclear Age’ but also incorporate corresponding critical awareness of claims to the life-sustaining applications of nuclear technologies in areas such as energy production, industry and medicine. Applying an ‘aporetic’ form of immanent critique, and to exemplify how the international politics of the nuclear age has often been predicated on efforts to distinguish and relate different kinds of nuclear technologies, the article revisits the United States–led post-war vision of ‘Atoms for Peace’ and compares it to the International Atomic Energy Agency’s contemporary ‘How the Atom Benefits Life’ campaign.
The Case for Foresight Education
Authors: Bishop Peter
Published: August 2018

This editorial briefly lays out the case for including foresight in all schools. It also introduces the authors and their articles in this special issue.
Implementation of an empirical tool for fast prediction of bomb airblast loading
Authors: Costa Emiliano
Published: August 2018

As terrorist attacks continue all over the world and, therefore, the alarming rate of countries governments as well as the awareness of people about danger is significantly increasing, in recent years high explosive airblast effects assessment and protection have become a fundamental concern for structural designers. In this article, the implementation of an original predictive tool based on the literature empirical data to develop analyses of blast loading consequent to a bomb explosion is described. The in-house developed model enables the fast calculation of the distribution of the main blast wave parameters around and over three-dimensional complex geometries virtually reproducing potential attractive targets for terrorists. Considering these capabilities, the use of the proposed novel methodology is desirable in the preparatory and retrofit design in view of evaluating blast-induced adverse consequences and, accordingly, to identify and effectively set up the most appropriate protective strategies and countermeasures.
What constitutes the ‘Minimal Care’ interventions of the nurse, physiotherapist, dietician and psychologist in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation and secondary prevention: A position paper from the Italian Association for Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Epidemiology
Authors: Fattirolli Francesco , Bettinardi Ornella , Angelino Elisabetta , da Vico Letizia , Ferrari Marina , Pierobon Antonia , Temporelli Daniele , Agostini Susanna , Ambrosetti Marco , Biffi Barbara , Borghi Silvana , Brazzo Silvia , Faggiano Pompilio , Iannucci Manuela , Maffezzoni Barbara , Masini Maria Luisa , Mazza Antonio , Pedretti Roberto , Sommaruga Marinella , Barro Sabrina , Griffo Raffaele , Piepoli Massimo
Published: August 2018

Background

In cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation, care activities are carried out by different professionals in coordination, each with their own specific competence. This GICR–IACPR position paper has analysed the interventions performed by the nurse, physiotherapist, dietician and psychologist in order to identify what constitutes minimal care, and it lists the activities that are fundamental and indispensable for each team member to perform in clinical practice.

Results

In analysing each type of intervention, the following dimensions were considered: the level of clinical care complexity, determined both by the disease and by environmental factors; the ‘area’ complexity, i.e. the specific level of competence required of the professional in each professional section; organisational factors, i.e. whether the care is performed in an inpatient or outpatient setting; duration of the rehabilitation intervention. The specific contents of minimal care have been identified for each professional area together with the specific goals, the assessment tools and the main essential interventions. For the assessments, only a few validated tools have been indicated, leaving the choice of which instrument to use to the individual professional based on experience and usual practice.

Conclusion

For the interventions, attention has been focused on conditions of major complexity requiring special care, taking into account the different care settings, the clinical conditions secondary to the disease event, and the distinct tasks of each area according to the operator's specific role. The final report performed by each professional has also been included.
Protective effect of physical activity on mortality in older adults with advanced chronic heart failure: A prospective observational study
Authors: Cacciatore Francesco , Amarelli Cristiano , Ferrara Nicola , Della Valle Elisabetta , Curcio Francesco , Liguori Ilaria , Bosco Quirino , Maiello Ciro , Napoli Claudio , Bonaduce Domenico , Abete Pasquale
Published: August 2018

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on mortality of self-reported physical activity evaluated by the physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) in elderly patients with advanced heart failure enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation unit after heart failure decompensation (NYHA class IIIB).

Methods

The study prospectively enrolled 314 elderly patients (≥65 years) with heart failure in NYHA class IIIB (symptomatic with a recent history of dyspnoea at rest) consecutively admitted to cardiac rehabilitation between January 2010 and July 2011. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed. Physical activity was evaluated by PASE and stratified in tertiles (0–15, 16–75 and >75). Mortality was collected from September to October 2015 in 300 patients.

Results

The mean age was 74.5 ± 6.1 (range 65–89); 74.7% were men, 132 patients (44.0%) died during the follow-up (44.1 ± 20.7 months). Univariate analysis shows that physical activity level conducted before heart failure decompensation was inversely related to mortality (from 76.0% to 8.2%, P = 0.000). Multivariate analysis confirms that the PASE score predicts mortality independently of several demographic and clinical variables (hazard rate 0.987, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.980–0.994, P = 0.000). Notably, when considering PASE 0–15 versus 16–75 score and PASE 0–15 versus > 75 score, the hazard rate is 4.06 (95% CI 1.67–9.84, P < 0.001) and 7.25 (95% CI 2.7–19.5, P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Physical activity level evaluated by the PASE score is inversely related to mortality in elderly patients with advanced heart failure confirming the reduction of mortality exerted by moderate physical activity in such patients.
Coagulation Laboratory Testing Is Predictive of Wound Complications Following Microdiscectomy
Authors: Goz Vadim , Lakomkin Nikita , Jalali Ali , Brodke Darrel S. , Spiker William R.
Published: August 2018

Study Design:

Retrospective review.

Objective:

To determine whether abnormal preoperative testing is associated with postoperative complications in patients undergoing a microdiscectomy.

Methods:

Patients undergoing a microdiscectomy between 2006 and 2013 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database based on appropriate current procedural terminology coding. Thirty-day postoperative complications were analyzed in addition to patient demographics, comorbidities, and abnormal preoperative laboratory values. A series of over 650 univariate analyses to determine which independent variables to include for each complication were completed. Based on those analyses, 12 logistic regression models were built, one for each specific complication. Each model adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, as well as operative time.

Results:

A total of 5947 patients undergoing a microdiscectomy were included in the study. Abnormal preoperative international normalized ratio (odds ratio [OR] = 5.85, P < .05) was associated with any wound infection, superficial or deep, and abnormal partial thromboplastin time was significantly associated with wound dehiscence (OR = 6.80, P < .05). Postoperative urinary tract infections were associated with abnormal preoperative hematocrit (OR = 8.00, P < .05). None of the identified preoperative labs were independently associated with pulmonary embolism, organ space surgical site infections, or intubation.

Conclusions:

Abnormal preoperative coagulation labs were significantly associated with postoperative wound complications. However, the majority of tests were not associated with adverse events following microdiscectomy. Further study is necessary to conclude whether these tests provide information that can modify perioperative management and whether widespread testing is cost-effective.
A Controlled Comparison of Microfracture, Debridement, and No Treatment of Concomitant Full-Thickness Cartilage Lesions in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Knees: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study From Norway and Sweden of 368 Patients With 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ulstein Svend , Årøen Asbjørn , Engebretsen Lars , Forssblad Magnus , Lygre Stein Håkon Låstad , Røtterud Jan Harald
Published: August 2018

Background:

The effect of microfracture (MF) or surgical debridement of concomitant full-thickness cartilage lesions in anterior cruciate ligament–reconstructed knees on patient-reported outcomes remains to be determined.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of debridement or MF compared with no surgical treatment of concomitant full-thickness cartilage lesions on patient-reported outcomes 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Included in this study were 644 patients who were registered in the Norwegian and the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registries from 2005 to 2008 as having undergone unilateral primary ACLR and having a concomitant full-thickness cartilage lesion (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] grades 3-4). Of these patients, 129 were treated with debridement, 164 were treated with MF, and 351 received no surgical treatment simultaneously with ACLR. At 5-year follow-up, 368 (57%) patients completed results on the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the effect of surgical debridement or MF of concomitant full-thickness cartilage lesions on patient-reported outcomes 5 years after ACLR.

Results:

Compared with no surgical treatment, there were no unadjusted or adjusted effects of debridement or MF of concomitant full-thickness cartilage lesions on KOOS scores at 5-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Compared with leaving concomitant full-thickness cartilage lesions untreated at the time of ACLR, debridement and MF showed no effect on patient-reported outcomes 5 years after surgery.
An open-label phase 1b study of obinutuzumab plus lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory follicular B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Morschhauser Franck , Salles Gilles , Le Gouill Steven , Tilly Herve , Thieblemont Catherine , Bouabdallah Krimo , Fabiani Bettina , Ménard Cédric , Tarte Karin , Cartron Guillaume , Houot Roch
Published: August 2018

Key Points

Oral lenalidomide plus obinutuzumab is well tolerated and effective in patients with R/R FL. The recommended dose of lenalidomide in combination with obinutuzumab 1000 mg was established as 20 mg.
Signaling in the stem cell niche: regulating cell fate, function and plasticity
Authors: Chacón-Martínez Carlos Andrés , Koester Janis , Wickström Sara A.
Published: August 2018

Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate along multiple lineages, driving tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Paradigms of unidirectional, hierarchical differentiation trajectories observed in embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells have traditionally been applied to tissue-resident stem cells. However, accumulating evidence implicates stemness as a bidirectional, dynamic state that is largely governed by the niche, which facilitates plasticity and adaptability to changing conditions. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms of cell fate regulation through niche-derived cues, with a particular focus on epithelial stem cells of the mammalian skin, intestine and lung. We discuss a spectrum of niche-derived biochemical, mechanical and architectural inputs that define stem cell states during morphogenesis, homeostasis and regeneration, and highlight how these diverse inputs influence stem cell plasticity.
Strategically Designed Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Controlling the Degree of Graphitization
Authors: Han Sang A , Lee Jaewoo , Shim Kyubin , Lin Jianjian , Shahabuddin Mohammed , Lee Jong-Won , Kim Sang-Woo , Park Min-Sik , Kim Jung Ho
Published: August 2018

The zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 are well-known as belonging to the series of metal-organic frameworks. Using different types of metal ions in them, such as Zn2+ and Co2+ simultaneously, brings both advantages and disadvantages with respect to the carbonization process. For tailoring their properties, we suggest that the best approach involves control of the bimetallic ZIF-derived carbon nanoarchitecture, which is hybridized through the synergistic effects of each metal ion. In this study, the bimetallic ZIFs were designed by controlling the molar ratio of zinc (Zn2+) and cobalt (Co2+) ions, and the carbon nanoarchitecture was subsequently formed by a facile heat treatment and acid leaching. We demonstrate this approach to achieve tailored ZIF derived carbon nanoarchitectures with different pore sizes, surface areas, and degree of graphitization. These pave the way to finding the optimal carbon nanoarchitecture for specific applications such as Li-O2 air cell.
Exercise Timing in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: TEO SHAUN Y. M. , KANALEY JILL A. , GUELFI KYM J. , COOK SUMMER B. , HEBERT JEFFREY J. , FORREST MITCHELL R. L. , FAIRCHILD TIMOTHY J.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The timing of exercise relative to meal consumption has recently been identified as potentially moderating the effectiveness of exercise on glycemic responses in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature related to exercise timing, relative to meal consumption, and glycemic control in individuals with T2DM.

Methods

Systematic searches in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov Registry databases were performed to identify articles published in English from inception to October 2017. Two authors independently extracted data and evaluated the quality of studies using the Cochrane Collaboration Data Collection Form and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, respectively. A qualitative synthesis was performed on the included studies, and results summarized in tables.

Results

Nineteen randomized controlled trials with a total of 346 participants were included. Improvements in glycemia (glucose concentrations and glucose area under the curve) and insulin area under the curve appeared more consistent when exercise was performed during the postmeal period as compared with the premeal period; however, this observation was largely based on indirect comparisons between studies.

Conclusions

There is some evidence from randomized controlled trials that exercise performed 30 min after meal consumption may convey greater improvements in glycemic control for individuals with T2DM. However, there are only two studies that have directly assessed the role of exercise timing on glycemic management, and adopted methodologies are heterogeneous. Future low-risk trials in this field are warranted.
Neuromuscular Fatigue and Recovery after Heavy Resistance, Jump, and Sprint Training
Authors: THOMAS KEVIN , BROWNSTEIN CALLUM GEORGE , DENT JACK , PARKER PAUL , GOODALL STUART , HOWATSON GLYN
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Training methods that require maximal intensity efforts against light and heavy resistance are commonly used for athletic development. Typically, these sessions are separated by at least 48 h recovery on the assumption that such efforts elicit marked fatigue of the central nervous system (CNS), but this posit has not been well studied. The aim of the study was to assess the etiology and recovery of fatigue after heavy-resistance (strength), jump, and sprint training methods.

Methods

Ten male athletes completed three training sessions requiring maximal efforts that varied in their loading characteristics: (i) heavy-resistance exercise (10 × 5 back squats at 80% one-repetition maximum [1RM]) (STR), (ii) jumping exercise (10 × 5 jump squats) (JUMP), and (iii) maximal sprinting (15 × 30 m) (SPR). Preparticipants, postparticipants, and 24-, 48-, and 72-h postparticipants completed a battery of tests to measure neuromuscular function using electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve, and single- and paired-pulse magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex, with evoked responses recorded from the knee extensors. Fatigue was self-reported at each time point using a visual analog scale.

Results

Each intervention elicited fatigue that resolved by 48 (JUMP) and 72 h (STR and SPR). Decrements in muscle function (reductions in the potentiated quadriceps twitch force) persisted for 48 h after all exercise. Reductions in voluntary activation were present for 24 h after JUMP and SPRINT, and 48 h after STR. No other differences in CNS function were observed as a consequence of training.

Conclusion

Strength, jump, and sprint training requiring repeated maximum efforts elicits fatigue that requires up to 72 h to fully resolve, but this fatigue is not primarily underpinned by decrements in CNS function.
On DSGE Models
Authors: Christiano Lawrence J. , Eichenbaum Martin S. , Trabandt Mathias
Published: August 2018

The outcome of any important macroeconomic policy change is the net effect of forces operating on different parts of the economy. A central challenge facing policymakers is how to assess the relative strength of those forces. Economists have a range of tools that can be used to make such assessments. Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models are the leading tool for making such assessments in an open and transparent manner. We review the state of mainstream DSGE models before the financial crisis and the Great Recession. We then describe how DSGE models are estimated and evaluated. We address the question of why DSGE modelers—like most other economists and policymakers—failed to predict the financial crisis and the Great Recession, and how DSGE modelers responded to the financial crisis and its aftermath. We discuss how current DSGE models are actually used by policymakers. We then provide a brief response to some criticisms of DSGE models, with special emphasis on criticism by Joseph Stiglitz, and offer some concluding remarks.
Evolution of Modern Business Cycle Models: Accounting for the Great Recession
Authors: Kehoe Patrick J. , Midrigan Virgiliu , Pastorino Elena
Published: August 2018

Modern business cycle theory focuses on the study of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models that generate aggregate fluctuations similar to those experienced by actual economies. We discuss how these modern business cycle models have evolved across three generations, from their roots in the early real business cycle models of the late 1970s through the turmoil of the Great Recession four decades later. The first generation models were real (that is, without a monetary sector) business cycle models that primarily explored whether a small number of shocks, often one or two, could generate fluctuations similar to those observed in aggregate variables such as output, consumption, investment, and hours. These basic models disciplined their key parameters with micro evidence and were remarkably successful in matching these aggregate variables. A second generation of these models incorporated frictions such as sticky prices and wages; these models were primarily developed to be used in central banks for short-term forecasting purposes and for performing counterfactual policy experiments. A third generation of business cycle models incorporate the rich heterogeneity of patterns from the micro data. A defining characteristic of these models is not the heterogeneity among model agents they accommodate nor the micro-level evidence they rely on (although both are common), but rather the insistence that any new parameters or feature included be explicitly disciplined by direct evidence. We show how two versions of this latest generation of modern business cycle models, which are real business cycle models with frictions in labor and financial markets, can account, respectively, for the aggregate and the cross-regional fluctuations observed in the United States during the Great Recession.
Microeconomic Heterogeneity and Macroeconomic Shocks
Authors: Kaplan Greg , Violante Giovanni L.
Published: August 2018

In this essay, we discuss the emerging literature in macroeconomics that combines heterogeneous agent models, nominal rigidities, and aggregate shocks. This literature opens the door to the analysis of distributional issues, economic fluctuations, and stabilization policies—all within the same framework. In response to the limitations of the representative agent approach to economic fluctuations, a new framework has emerged that combines key features of heterogeneous agents (HA) and New Keynesian (NK) economies. These HANK models offer a much more accurate representation of household consumption behavior and can generate realistic distributions of income, wealth, and, albeit to a lesser degree, household balance sheets. At the same time, they can accommodate many sources of macroeconomic fluctuations, including those driven by aggregate demand. In sum, they provide a rich theoretical framework for quantitative analysis of the interaction between cross-sectional distributions and aggregate dynamics. In this article, we outline a state-of-the-art version of HANK together with its representative agent counterpart, and convey two broad messages about the role of household heterogeneity for the response of the macroeconomy to aggregate shocks: 1) the similarity between the Representative Agent New Keynesian (RANK) and HANK frameworks depends crucially on the shock being analyzed; and 2) certain important macroeconomic questions concerning economic fluctuations can only be addressed within heterogeneous agent models.
The Changing (Dis-)Utility of Work
Authors: Kaplan Greg , Schulhofer-Wohl Sam
Published: August 2018

We study how changes in the distribution of occupations have affected the aggregate non-pecuniary costs and benefits of working. The physical toll of work is less now than in 1950, with workers shifting away from occupations in which people report experiencing tiredness and pain. The emotional consequences of the changing occupation distribution vary substantially across demographic groups. Work has become happier and more meaningful for women, but more stressful and less meaningful for men. These changes appear to be concentrated at lower education levels.
Social Connectedness: Measurement, Determinants, and Effects
Authors: Bailey Michael , Cao Rachel , Kuchler Theresa , Stroebel Johannes , Wong Arlene
Published: August 2018

Social networks can shape many aspects of social and economic activity: migration and trade, job-seeking, innovation, consumer preferences and sentiment, public health, social mobility, and more. In turn, social networks themselves are associated with geographic proximity, historical ties, political boundaries, and other factors. Traditionally, the unavailability of large-scale and representative data on social connectedness between individuals or geographic regions has posed a challenge for empirical research on social networks. More recently, a body of such research has begun to emerge using data on social connectedness from online social networking services such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. To date, most of these research projects have been built on anonymized administrative microdata from Facebook, typically by working with coauthor teams that include Facebook employees. However, there is an inherent limit to the number of researchers that will be able to work with social network data through such collaborations. In this paper, we therefore introduce a new measure of social connectedness at the US county level. Our Social Connectedness Index is based on friendship links on Facebook, the global online social networking service. Specifically, the Social Connectedness Index corresponds to the relative frequency of Facebook friendship links between every county-pair in the United States, and between every US county and every foreign country. Given Facebook’s scale as well as the relative representativeness of Facebook’s user body, these data provide the first comprehensive measure of friendship networks at a national level.
What Happened: Financial Factors in the Great Recession
Authors: Gertler Mark , Gilchrist Simon
Published: August 2018

At the onset of the recent global financial crisis, the workhorse macroeconomic models assumed frictionless financial markets. These frameworks were thus not able to anticipate the crisis, nor to analyze how the disruption of credit markets changed what initially appeared like a mild downturn into the Great Recession. Since that time, an explosion of both theoretical and empirical research has investigated how the financial crisis emerged and how it was transmitted to the real sector. The goal of this paper is to describe what we have learned from this new research and how it can be used to understand what happened during the Great Recession. In the process, we also present some new empirical work. We argue that a complete description of the Great Recession must take account of the financial distress facing both households and banks and, as the crisis unfolded, nonfinancial firms as well. Exploiting both panel data and time series methods, we analyze the contribution of the house price decline, versus the banking distress indicator, to the overall decline in employment during the Great Recession. We confirm a common finding in the literature that the household balance sheet channel is important for regional variation in employment. However, we also find that the disruption in banking was central to the overall employment contraction.
Finance and Business Cycles: The Credit-Driven Household Demand Channel
Authors: Mian Atif , Sufi Amir
Published: August 2018

What is the role of the financial sector in explaining business cycles? This question is as old as the field of macroeconomics, and an extensive body of research conducted since the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 has offered new answers. The specific idea put forward in this article is that expansions in credit supply, operating primarily through household demand, have been an important driver of business cycles. We call this the credit-driven household demand channel. While this channel helps explain the recent global recession, it also describes economic cycles in many countries over the past 40 years.
Identification in Macroeconomics
Authors: Nakamura Emi , Steinsson Jón
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses empirical approaches macroeconomists use to answer questions like: What does monetary policy do? How large are the effects of fiscal stimulus? What caused the Great Recession? Why do some countries grow faster than others? Identification of causal effects plays two roles in this process. In certain cases, progress can be made using the direct approach of identifying plausibly exogenous variation in a policy and using this variation to assess the effect of the policy. However, external validity concerns limit what can be learned in this way. Carefully identified causal effects estimates can also be used as moments in a structural moment matching exercise. We use the term “identified moments” as a short-hand for “estimates of responses to identified structural shocks,” or what applied microeconomists would call “causal effects.” We argue that such identified moments are often powerful diagnostic tools for distinguishing between important classes of models (and thereby learning about the effects of policy). To illustrate these notions we discuss the growing use of cross-sectional evidence in macroeconomics and consider what the best existing evidence is on the effects of monetary policy.
The State of New Keynesian Economics: A Partial Assessment
Authors: Galí Jordi
Published: August 2018

In August 2007, when the first signs emerged of what would come to be the most damaging global financial crisis since the Great Depression, the New Keynesian paradigm was dominant in macroeconomics. Ten years later, tons of ammunition has been fired against modern macroeconomics in general, and against dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models that build on the New Keynesian framework in particular. Those criticisms notwithstanding, the New Keynesian model arguably remains the dominant framework in the classroom, in academic research, and in policy modeling. In fact, one can argue that over the past ten years the scope of New Keynesian economics has kept widening, by encompassing a growing number of phenomena that are analyzed using its basic framework, as well as by addressing some of the criticisms raised against it. The present paper takes stock of the state of New Keynesian economics by reviewing some of its main insights and by providing an overview of some recent developments. In particular, I discuss some recent work on two very active research programs: the implications of the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates and the interaction of monetary policy and household heterogeneity. Finally, I discuss what I view as some of the main shortcomings of the New Keynesian model and possible areas for future research.
Concessão de serviços públicos
Authors: Oliveira Antonio Gonçalves de
Published: August 2018

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Isenção de impostos - Empresas concessionárias de serviços
públicos
Authors: Costa Ribeiro Da
Published: August 2018

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Prescrição das dívidas fiscais - Aplicabilidade do art. 178, § 7.°,
n.°II, do Código Civil
Authors: Barreto Admar
Published: August 2018

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Pedido de exoneração e afastamento do exercício
Authors: Barbosa Henrique
Published: August 2018

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Desapropriação - Indenização fixada no imposto predial
Authors: Silva Carlos Medeiros
Published: August 2018

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Corporações quase judiciais - Câmara de reajustamento
Authors: Nonato Orozimbo
Published: August 2018

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Montepio e meio-sôldo
Authors: Filho A. Alvim
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.° 7.518, de 3 de maio de 1945
Authors: Leite Cleantho de Paiva
Published: August 2018

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Imposto de renda sobre juros de apólices
Authors: Cruz Elmano Martins da Costa
Published: August 2018

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Ato administrativo. Nulidade.
Authors: Linhares José
Published: August 2018

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Imposto predial. Insenção tributária
Authors: Luz Eduardo
Published: August 2018

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Salário-família.
Authors: Lopes Luiz Simões
Published: August 2018

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Imposto sobre renda. "Acumuladas" de corridas de cavalos
Authors: Fazenda Ministério Da
Published: August 2018

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Selo proporcional. Proposta de fornecimento
Authors: Mazzilli Paschoal Ranieri
Published: August 2018

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Administração dos territórios.Competência legislativa
Authors: Magalhães Agamemnon
Published: August 2018

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Marca. Conceito de notoriedade
Authors: Coelho Francisco Antônio
Published: August 2018

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Desapropriação. Limitação do preço dos imóveis sujeito ao imposto
predial
Authors: Lacerda Romão Cortes de
Published: August 2018

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Imunidade tributária das autarquias
Authors: Leite Luiz J. da Costa
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.622 de 11 de junho de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°7.056 de 20 de novembro de 1944
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Decreto-lei n.°18.800 de 2 de julho de 1945
Authors: Vargas Getulio
Published: August 2018

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Karst and geotops of karst origin in Albania
Authors: SERJANI A. , HALLACl H. , NEZIRAJ A. , HALLACl A.
Published: August 2018

Albania is one of the most karst-developed countries in Europe. Karst phenomena are related to soluted carbonate formations which cover of about 7300 km2 of Albanian territory and with sulfate evaporates rocks, which outcrop of about 500 km2. Typically alpine relief of average altitude 708 m above the sea level and high horizontal splitting are favorable for karst development. Karst and geological sites of karst origin are widespread mainly in Albanian Alps and in Ionian zone. In Albanides there are determined surfaces and underground karst forms which belong to the Neo-Pliocene-Quaternary age and deep karst forms belonging to the paleokarst in old formations. The most widespread karst forms in carbonate rocks there are valleys, caves, cones etc., while into salt rocks there are formed many karstic lakes and depressions. Up to now there are determined about 80 karstic caves, nice karst fields, valleys, plains, which represent geological sites of karst origin.
Waste Collection in Urban Areas: A Case Study
Authors: Fadda Edoardo , Gobbato Luca , Perboli Guido , Rosano Mariangela , Tadei Roberto
Published: August 2018

The Optimization for Networked Data in Environmental Urban Waste Collection (ONDE-UWC) project is, to the best of our knowledge, the first attempt to apply the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm to the field of waste collection. Sensors installed in dumpsters and garbage trucks share data, such as weight measurements and the number of user accesses. In this study, we schedule the weekly waste-collection activities for multiple types of waste without imposing periodic routes. An important characteristic of this project is that we consider heterogeneous stakeholders with different backgrounds and knowledge. In this context, we apply the GUEST OR methodology, highlighting how it can support the decision-making process to reduce the effects of these differences. As a result, we reduced the time required to implement the solution, increased operational efficiency, and achieved cost savings.
A Two-Phase Branch-and-Price-and-Cut for a Dial-a-Ride Problem in Patient Transportation
Authors: Luo Zhixing , Liu Mengyang , Lim Andrew
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we investigate an extension of the R-DARP recently proposed by [Liu M, Luo Z, Lim A (2015) A branch-and-cut algorithm for a realistic dial-a-ride problem. Transporation Res. Part B: Methodological 81(1):267–288.]. The R-DARP, as a variant of the classic dial-a-ride problem (DARP), consists of determining a set of minimum-distance trips for vehicles to transport a set of clients from their origins to their destinations, subject to side constraints, such as capacity constraints, time window constraints, maximum riding time constraints, and manpower planning constraints. Our problem extends the R-DARP by (1) changing its objective to first maximizing the number of requests satisfied and then minimizing the total travel distance of the vehicles, and (2) generalizing the lunch break constraints of staff members. To solve this problem, we propose a two-phase branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm based on a strong trip-based model. The trip-based model is built on a set of nondominated trips, which are enumerated by an ad hoc label-setting algorithm in the first phase. Then we decompose the trip-based model by Benders decomposition and propose a branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm to solve the decomposed model in the second phase. Our two-phase exact algorithm is tested on the R-DARP benchmark instances and a set of new instances generated according to the same real-world data set as the R-DARP instances. Our algorithm quickly solves all of the R-DARP instances to optimality and outperforms the branch-and-cut proposed by Liu, Luo, and Lim. On the 42 new test instances, our algorithm solves 27 instances to optimality in four hours with the largest instance consisting of 36 requests.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0772 .
The potential ethnomedicine plant of Impatiens balsamina leaves from Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia for wound healing
Authors: IH HARIYANTO , FAJRIATY INARAH , WIJAYA TANTO , HAFIZH MUHAMMAD
Published: August 2018

Hariyanto IH, Fajriaty I, Wijaya T, Hafizh M. 2018. The potential ethnomedicine plant of Impatiens balsamina leaves from Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia for wound healing. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 58-64. Pacar air or garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) is a herb plant that grows wildly in high humidity areas. The leaves of I. balsamina are used by the people in Bengkulu, Indonesia, as herbal medicine to treat wounds. I. balsamina grows abundantly in West Borneo due to the proper conditions. This study aimed to determine the wound healing activity of I. balsamina as an ethnomedicine plant and standardize its extract. The leaves of I. balsamina was macerated with 96% ethanol. The extraction yield was 20.3%, the solubility of the extract in water and ethanol was 15.77% and 41.41%, respectively, the drying rate was 23.02%, and the extracted density was 0.8136 g/mL. The extract of I. balsamina contained polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, steroids, and terpenoids based on the phytochemical screening. Anatomical and histological pathology tests showed that the leaves extract had the potential to heal the external wound.