bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co‐benefits analysis of industrial symbiosis in China's key industries: Case of steel, cement, and power industries
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xiang Ting , Zhang Wei , Wang Heming , An Jing , Li Xiuping , Xue Bing
Published: August 2022

Accelerating the construction of ecological civilization in the industrial field and guiding the transformation of industry toward a green direction have become a national development strategy. Promoting the coordinated development of energy‐intensive industries such as steel, cement, and power is a key breakthrough in achieving the green transformation of various industries. This study has designed a steel–cement–power polygeneration system with the collaborative utilization of solid waste resources as the ecological link point. Four scenarios, including business‐as‐usual, optimization of product structure, low‐carbon technology application, and policy advancement (PAD), were established to assess the overall energy‐saving and emissions reduction potential of the steel–cement–power polygeneration system from 2015 to 2050. The results show that product structure adjustment and industrial symbiosis have a significant impact on energy saving and emission reduction of key industries. In 2050, the total energy consumption and carbon emissions of the polygeneration system could reach 38,697.64 PJ and 3766.73 Mt CO2. Based on the scenario analysis, the production and use of solid waste in the polygeneration system and the economic benefits are also discussed. Under the PAD scenario, by 2050, the proportion of fly ash as cement raw material will increase to 41%, while the supply of blast furnace slag may be insufficient, and the comprehensive utilization of solid waste can bring economic benefits of 238.32 billion Yuan to the system.
Biological determinants of blood‐based cytokines in the Alzheimer's disease clinical continuum
Authors: Galgani Alessandro , Vergallo Andrea , Campese Nicole , Lombardo Francesco , Pavese Nicola , Petrozzi Lucia , LoGerfo Annalisa , Franzini Maria , Cecchetti Denise , Puglisi‐Allegra Stefano , Busceti Carla L. , Siciliano Gabriele , Tognoni Gloria , Baldacci Filippo , Lista Simone , Hampel Harald , Fornai Francesco , Giorgi Filippo S.
Published: August 2022

Converging translational and clinical research strongly indicates that altered immune and inflammatory homeostasis (neuroinflammation) plays a critical pathophysiological role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), across the clinical continuum. A dualistic role of neuroinflammation may account for a complex biological phenomenon, representing a potential pharmacological target. Emerging blood‐based pathophysiological biomarkers, such as cytokines (Cyt) and interleukins (ILs), have been studied as indicators of neuroinflammation in AD. However, inconsistent results have been reported probably due to a lack of standardization of assays with methodological and analytical differences. We used machine‐learning and a cross‐validation‐based statical workflow to explore and analyze the potential impact of key biological factors, such as age, sex, and apolipoprotein‐E (APOE) genotype (the major genetic risk factor for late‐onset AD) on Cyt. A set of Cyt was selected based on previous literature, and we investigated any potential association in a pooled cohort of cognitively healthy, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD‐like dementia patients. We also performed explorative analyses to extrapolate preliminary clinical insights. We found a robust sex effect on IL12 and an APOE‐related difference in IL10, with the latter being also related to the presence of advanced cognitive decline. IL1β was the variable most significantly associated with MCI‐to‐dementia conversion over a 2.5 year‐clinical follow‐up. Although preliminary, our data support further clinical research to understand whether plasma Cyt may represent reliable and noninvasive tools serving the investigation of neuroimmune and inflammatory dynamics in AD and to foster biomarker‐guided pathway‐based therapeutic approaches, within the precision medicine development framework.

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Beyond transparency: more‐than‐human insights into the emergence of young children's language
Authors: Hackett Abigail
Published: August 2022

This paper draws on 3 years of ethnographic research with young children and their families in a northern English town, employing a more‐than‐human lens to pay attention to what, beyond humans, might be involved in the emergence of children's literacies. The paper focuses on the role of the body and place in the emergence of young children's vocalisations and talk. In particular, the paper rethinks the dominant assumption that children's language is primarily for the purpose of transparently conveying meaning. It does this by drawing on posthuman and decolonial scholarship on childhood and language, and particularly on the work of Glissant on opacity and difference, in order to interrogate the relationship between expression, understanding and power. Thus, the paper outlines how an understanding of the relationship between body, place and talk might inform pedagogy by highlighting the need for space to embrace divergent, complicated, irrational, playful and non‐functional language practices in early childhood, rather than looking for rapid, straight line development.
Predictors of faculty narrative evaluation quality in medical school clerkships
Authors: Mooney Christopher J. , Pascoe Jennifer M. , Blatt Amy E. , Lang Valerie J. , Kelly Michael S. , Braun Melanie K. , Burch Jaclyn E. , Stone Robert Thompson
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Narrative approaches to assessment provide meaningful and valid representations of trainee performance. Yet, narratives are frequently perceived as vague, nonspecific and low quality. To date, there is little research examining factors associated with narrative evaluation quality, particularly in undergraduate medical education. The purpose of this study was to examine associations of faculty‐ and student‐level characteristics with the quality of faculty member's narrative evaluations of clerkship students.

Methods

The authors reviewed faculty narrative evaluations of 50 students' clinical performance in their inpatient medicine and neurology clerkships, resulting in 165 and 87 unique evaluations in the respective clerkships. The authors evaluated narrative quality using the Narrative Evaluation Quality Instrument (NEQI). The authors used linear mixed effects modelling to predict total NEQI score. Explanatory covariates included the following: time to evaluation completion, number of weeks spent with student, faculty total weeks on service per year, total faculty years in clinical education, student gender, faculty gender, and an interaction term between student and faculty gender.

Results

Significantly higher narrative evaluation quality was associated with a shorter time to evaluation completion, with NEQI scores decreasing by approximately 0.3 points every 10 days following students' rotations (p = .004). Additionally, women faculty had statistically higher quality narrative evaluations with NEQI scores 1.92 points greater than men faculty (p = .012). All other covariates were not significant.

Conclusions

The quality of faculty members' narrative evaluations of medical students was associated with time to evaluation completion and faculty gender but not faculty experience in clinical education, faculty weeks on service, or the amount of time spent with students. Findings advance understanding on ways to improve the quality of narrative evaluations which are imperative given assessment models that will increase the volume and reliance on narratives.
Regulation of immune complex formation and signalling by FERONIA, a busy goddess in plant–microbe interactions
Authors: Duan Zhikun , Liu Wei , Li Kaiwen , Duan Wenwen , Zhu Shengwei , Xing Jingjing , Chen Tong , Luo Xiaomin
Published: August 2022

Being sessile in soil, plant cells rely on cell‐surface receptors to sense and transduce environmental stimulus signals into intracellular responses. FERONIA (FER), a Catharanthus roseus receptor‐like kinase 1‐like protein, has emerged as a versatile regulator of plant growth, development, and stress responses. In recent years, accumulating studies have witnessed rapid advances in dissecting the mechanisms underlying the interaction between FER and its partners in response to pathogen invasion, particularly regulation of immune complex formation and signalling. Moreover, hormonal signalling, rhizosphere microbiota and other constituents are also extensively involved in these processes.
Comparison of wireless and wired alarm devices for nocturnal enuresis treatment
Authors: Watanabe Tsuneki , Ikeda Hirokazu , Ono Takahiro , Oyake Chisato , Watanabe Yoshitaka , Fuyama Masaki
Published: August 2022

Background

In monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) treatment, enuretic alarm devices are the first recommended treatment option. This study aimed to compare retrospectively the effectiveness of wearable wireless and wired alarm devices for MNE treatment in children aged 6–14 years.

Methods

All children aged 6–16 with MNE who underwent alarm therapy as outpatients were included. A wired alarm device was used from 2012 to 2015, and a wireless alarm device was used from 2016 to 2019. The primary outcomes were the dropout rates during therapy and at last follow up. The full response(14 consecutive dry nights) and the partial response rate during therapy were also assessed.

Results

Of the 173 patients enrolled, 75 and 98 used a wired and a wireless alarm device, respectively. The dropout rate at the last visit was significantly lower in the wireless alarm group than that in the wired alarm group (6.1% vs. 20.0%; P = 0.006). The full response(FR) rate was significantly higher in the wireless alarm group than these in the wired alarm group at 4, 12, 24 weeks (4 weeks: 11.2% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.011; 12 weeks: 31.9% vs. 13.5%, P = 0.005; 24 weeks: 72.9% vs. 39.7%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Wireless alarm therapy for MNE had lower attrition rates and a higher rate of FR than wired alarm therapy.
Cohort profile: The PreEclampsia, Angiogenesis, Cardiac dysfunction and Hypertension (PEACH) Study
Authors: Persson Lisa Kristine Grange , Lihme Frederikke Fog , Basit Saima , Larsen Maria Oku , Scheller Nikolai Madrid , Andersen Anita Sylvest , Halse Karen Green , Thorsen‐Meyer Annette , Sørensen Karina Meden , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads , Pihl Kasper Kai Østrup , Lykke Jacob Alexander , Boyd Heather Allison
Published: August 2022

Background

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) remain a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with implications for maternal and neonatal well‐being in the short term and for long‐term maternal cardiovascular health. Although the mechanisms behind HDP remain incompletely understood, evidence suggests that preeclampsia in particular is a syndrome with more than one distinct subtype.

Objectives

The PEACH (PreEclampsia, Angiogenesis, Cardiac dysfunction, Hypertension) Study was established to identify new HDP subtyping systems reflecting aetiology and prognosis and to find markers of later cardiovascular disease risk associated with preeclampsia.

Population

The PEACH Study recruited pregnant women referred to two Copenhagen‐area hospitals with suspected preeclampsia (mean gestational age at enrolment: 36.7 weeks) and a group of frequency‐matched pregnant women planning delivery at the same hospitals and healthy when enrolled mid‐pregnancy.

Design

Prospective, longitudinal pregnancy cohort.

Methods

Participants underwent repeated third‐trimester blood sample collection, longitudinal cardiac function assessments using the USCOM‐1A during the third trimester and at 1 year postpartum and collection of placental samples immediately after delivery. Medical information was abstracted from medical records and hospital databases.

Preliminary results

During 2016–2018, we recruited 1149 pregnant women, of whom 1101 were followed to delivery. Among 691 women enrolled with suspected preeclampsia, 310 and 172 developed preeclampsia and gestational hypertension respectively. Among 410 women with healthy pregnancies when enrolled mid‐pregnancy, 37 later developed hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Of 1089 women still in the cohort 1 year postpartum, 578 (53.1%) participated in the follow‐up assessment.

Conclusions

The PEACH Study's rich data from women with and without HDP will enable us to identify new, clinically useful HDP subtypes to aid in decision‐making regarding monitoring and treatment. Continued postpartum follow‐up will help us develop algorithms to identify women at risk of persistent postpartum cardiac dysfunction and later cardiovascular disease after pregnancies complicated by HDP.
Comprehensive evaluation of high‐temperature tolerance induced by heat priming at early growth stages in winter wheat
Authors: Khanzada Anab , Feng Kai , Wang Xiao , Cai Jian , Malko Maguje Masa , Samo Allan , Hossain Md Nazmul , Jiang Dong
Published: August 2022

Priming is a potential way to enhance stress tolerance in plants. Winter wheat adaptation to harsh environmental conditions is a prominent global predicament. To enhance the productivity and its tolerance to rapidly changing world's environment, wheat plants were subjected to different heat priming events at early growth stages, which effects were studied on subsequent heat stress at booting and flowering stages. The study aimed to observe the major changes in photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzymes system, and sugar metabolism in leaves during wheat adaptation to heat stress applied at booting and flowering stages after heat priming at early growth stage. Heat stress mostly affected the plant's development with a significant reduction in yield, yield components, biomass, osmotic potential (OP), leaf relative water potential (LRWP), and plant photosystem. However, the concomitant increase of membrane injury index (MII), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzymatic activities, and sugar metabolism in primed plants enabled winter wheat plants to tolerate heat stress more after low heat priming (LP) than moderate heat priming (MP). Furthermore, MP at early growth stages reduced the biomass, OP, LRWP, and photosynthetic system while the remarkable increase in sugar metabolism and enzymatic activities increased the ROS production, yield, and yield components under heat stress applied at booting stage. Similarly, LP successfully improved plant tolerance to heat stress applied at flowering stage. In conclusion, LP at early growth stage was beneficial to sustain to heat stress during flowering stage, while MP at early growth stage helped winter wheat to better adapt to heat stress at booting stage. These results encompass a novel research direction for the adaptation of winter wheat to harsh environmental conditions to reduce yield loss.
Black adolescents’ support to the family and educational outcomes: Differences by household income
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma
Published: August 2022

Using a strengths‐based approach, this study investigated whether Black adolescents’ provision of different types of support to family (chores, childcare, emotional, financial support) was associated with their educational outcomes (school engagement, grades, suspensions), and whether these associations differed by household income levels. The study used the nationally representative National Survey of American Life Adolescent Supplement data (N = 1170, 52% Female, ages of 13–17). Supporting the family was associated with both educational success and risk, depending on the type of support and household socioeconomic resource levels. Across income groups, providing emotional support was associated with greater school engagement. Among low‐income youth only, completei chores was associated with higher school engagement and grades, whereas providing childcare was associated with lower grades.
Geometric orbital integrals and the center of the enveloping algebra
Authors: Bismut Jean-Michel , Shen Shu
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to extend the explicit geometric evaluation of semisimple orbital integrals for smooth kernels for the Casimir operator obtained by the first author to the case of kernels for arbitrary elements in the center of the enveloping algebra.
Film Cooling Performance Prediction for Air and Supercritical CO2
Authors: Ramesh Sridharan , Straub Douglas
Published: August 2022

The current study explores the possibility of cooling the vanes and blades of a direct-fired sCO2 turbine using film cooling. The operating conditions of a direct-fired sCO2 cycle and thermophysical properties of the fluid at those conditions can alter the flow field characteristics of the coolant jet and its mixing with the mainstream. Very little information is present in the literature regarding the performance of film cooling geometries employing supercritical CO2. The objective of this study is to estimate the resulting film cooling effectiveness while also capturing the effects of the crossflow-to-mainstream velocity ratio on the coolant jet. A computational fluid dynamic model is used to study the coolant jet exiting a cylindrical hole located on a flat plate, with the coolant fed by an internal channel. Steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations were solved along with the (shear-stress transport) SST k–ω model to provide the turbulence closure. The operating conditions for the direct-fired sCO2 turbine are obtained using an in-house Cooled Turbine Model. Numerical predictions revealed that the crossflow effects and jet lift-off were more pronounced in the case of sCO2 when compared to air. Spatial distribution of flow field and cooling effectiveness are presented at different operating conditions.
Experimental Investigation of Gaseous Mixtures of Ethane, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide as an Alternative to Conventional Fuel in Spark Ignition Engines
Authors: Gore Matthew , Nonavinakere Vinod Kaushik , Fang Tiegang
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the viability and performance of certain synthetic fuels in spark ignition internal combustion engine based stationary power generation wherein the fuel comprises a mixture of methane and ethane in high dilutions of carbon dioxide (CO2). The fuel of concern is a byproduct of a novel method for producing ethylene from ethane. The byproduct gas mixture has a concentration of approximately 41% CO2, 40% ethane, and 5% methane by weight along with other minor compounds. Varying mixtures of ethane and methane combined with between 42% and 46% by weight CO2 were used to evaluate the viability and efficiency of this fuel to operate in existing internal combustion engines as a means of reducing emissions and increasing industrial process efficiency. A 13 hp gasoline generator was repurposed as a test stand by incorporating a modified fuel induction system and instrumentation for data collection. A gas metering and mixing system was installed to precisely control the mass flow of gases induced into the engine. Various instrumentations were installed to monitor in-cylinder pressure, temperature at various locations, emissions, and fuel and airflow rates. Varying fuel mixtures and loads were tested and compared to gasoline. It was found that under a high load, the mixed gas was able to generate comparable thermal efficiency and power to gasoline. But under no load or a part load condition the indicated thermal efficiency was found to be about 21% lower than that of gasoline. Further, the mixed gas also resulted in up to 50% reduction in CO and NOx emissions when compared to gasoline.
Integrated Optimization of Hybrid Steam-Solvent Processes in a Post-CHOPS Reservoir with Consideration of Wormhole Networks
Authors: Zhao Min , Yang Daoyong
Published: August 2022

In this paper, an integrated technique has been developed to evaluate and optimize performance of hybrid steam-solvent processes in a post-cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) reservoir with consideration of wormhole networks. A reservoir geological model is developed and calibrated by history matching reservoir pressure with oil, gas, and water production rates as the input constraints, while its wormhole network is characterized with a newly developed pressure-gradient-based (PGB) sand failure criterion conditioned to sand production. Once calibrated, the reservoir geological model incorporated with the wormhole network is then employed to evaluate and optimize performance of hybrid steam-solvent processes under various conditions, during which the net present value (NPV) is maximized with an integrated optimization algorithm by taking injection time, soaking time, production time, and injected fluid composition as controlling variables. It is found that a huff-n-puff process imposes a positive impact on enhancing oil recovery when wormhole network is fully generated and propagated. Addition of alkane solvents into CO2 stream leads to a higher oil recovery compared with that of the CO2 only method, while all hybrid steam-solvent injection achieve high oil recovery by taking advantage of both thermal energy and solvent dissolution. It is found that the NPV reaches its maximum value when the steam temperature is 200 °C for the optimized hybrid steam-solvent scenario.
Effect of Hematite Dosage on Water-Based Drilling Fluid and Filter Cake Properties
Authors: Bageri Badr , Jaberi Jaber Al , Elkatatny Salaheldin
Published: August 2022

Drilling deep wells became common in the oil and gas sector as a result of the high demand for energy in the world. This type of wells is not trivial to drill as a result several challenges that they encounter, such as harsh conditions represented by high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT), and the high hydrostatic column required to prevent the kick. Therefore, advanced materials are desired and accordingly higher concentration of weighting material is required to drill such resources. In this work, a systematic investigation of the hematite concentration effect on the water-based drilling fluid properties is performed. Three doses were overloaded to a constant drill fluid recipe. Then, the drilling fluid properties including density, viscosities, filtration, and filter cake properties were evaluated. The viscosities were assessed at the temperature of 120 °F, before and after aging in a hot rolling oven for 16 h at 250 °F and 500 psi. The American Petroleum Institute filtration test was performed at ambient temperature and 100 psi. The results showed that the hematite concentration has proportional relation to the apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and yield point before and after the hot rolling. The YP/PV ratio was decreased as the hematite dose increased in the drilling fluid. Similarly, the gel strengths at 10 s and 10 min were increased as the concentration of hematite increased. The filter cake thinness, filtration volume, and filter cake permeability were also amplified as the hematite concentration increased, where the filter cake porosity was almost kept constant. In addition, several correlations were drawn as a function of the hematite dosage for the examined drilling properties.
Evolutionary loss of complexity in human vocal anatomy as an adaptation for speech
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Tokuda Isao T. , Miyachi Shigehiro , Dunn Jacob C. , Herbst Christian T. , Ishimura Kazuyoshi , Kaneko Akihisa , Kinoshita Yuki , Koda Hiroki , Saers Jaap P. P. , Imai Hirohiko , Matsuda Tetsuya , Larsen Ole Næsbye , Jürgens Uwe , Hirabayashi Hideki , Kojima Shozo , Fitch W. Tecumseh
Published: August 2022

Human speech production obeys the same acoustic principles as vocal production in other animals but has distinctive features: A stable vocal source is filtered by rapidly changing formant frequencies. To understand speech evolution, we examined a wide range of primates, combining observations of phonation with mathematical modeling. We found that source stability relies upon simplifications in laryngeal anatomy, specifically the loss of air sacs and vocal membranes. We conclude that the evolutionary loss of vocal membranes allows human speech to mostly avoid the spontaneous nonlinear phenomena and acoustic chaos common in other primate vocalizations. This loss allows our larynx to produce stable, harmonic-rich phonation, ideally highlighting formant changes that convey most phonetic information. Paradoxically, the increased complexity of human spoken language thus followed simplification of our laryngeal anatomy.
A soft active matter that can climb walls
Authors: Palacci Jérémie
Published: August 2022

Mechanical activity of an active fluid can be used to control its dynamics at the boundaries
Prime mover
Authors: Scoles Sarah
Published: August 2022

Starship will be the biggest rocket ever. Are space scientists ready to take advantage of it?
Star’s midlife crisis illuminates our Sun’s history—and future
Authors: Savitsky Zack
Published: August 2022

Long magnetic lull mimics Maunder Minimum, when sunspots largely disappeared 400 years ago
Gastrointestinal Biogeography of Luminal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)
Authors: Hu Xiaolong , Wei Yuting , Zhang Tianxiang , Wang Xiaoguo , Xu Yongtao , Zhang Weiwei , Zheng Yunlin
Published: August 2022

Feces or specific segments of the gastrointestinal tract (in particular, the rumen) were sampled to explore the gut microbiome. The gastrointestinal biogeography of the luminal microbiota in ruminants, which is critical to guide accurate sampling for different purposes, is poorly understood at present.
Complete Genome Sequence from an Uncultivated Freshwater
Elusimicrobiota
Lineage
Authors: Cremer Franziska , Serra Moncadas Lucas , Andrei Adrian-Stefan
Published: August 2022

Here, we report the first complete genome of an uncultivated freshwater
Elusimicrobiota
organism recovered from a nonaxenic
Amoebozoa
sp. culture. The chromosome was obtained from a metagenomic long-read sequencing run and was assembled as a circular element at a 47× coverage, a length of 3.8 Mbp, and a G+C content of 68.6%.
Genome Sequences of 16 Enterovirus Isolates from Environmental Sewage in Guatemala, 2019 to 2021
Authors: Harrington Chelsea , Sayyad Leanna , Castro Christina , Hill Jamaica , Jeffries-Miles Stacey , Belgasmi Hanen , Rey-Benito Gloria , Mendoza Prillwitz María Linda , Castillo Signor Leticia , Gerloff Nancy
Published: August 2022

Enteroviruses can cause human infectious disease. We report 16 near-complete genome sequences of enteroviruses that were isolated through environmental surveillance of wastewater in Guatemala.
A Computational Toolbox to Investigate the Metabolic Potential and Resource Allocation in Fission Yeast
Authors: Grigaitis Pranas , Grundel Douwe A. J. , van Pelt-KleinJan Eunice , Isaku Mirushe , Xie Guixiang , Mendoza Farias Sebastian , Teusink Bas , van Heerden Johan H.
Published: August 2022

Our understanding of microbial metabolism relies mostly on the knowledge we have obtained from a limited number of model organisms, and the diversity of metabolism beyond the handful of model species thus remains largely unexplored in mechanistic terms. Computational modeling of metabolic networks offers an attractive platform to bridge the knowledge gap and gain new insights into physiology of lesser-studied organisms.
Antibiotic Maintenance and Redevelopment of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Pulmonary Disease after Treatment of Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Zo Sungmin , Kim Hojoong , Kwon O. Jung , Jhun Byung Woo
Published: August 2022

Limited data are available regarding the impact of the antibiotic maintenance period on the redevelopment of
Mycobacterium avium
complex-pulmonary (MAC-PD) disease after microbiological cure. To improve treatment outcomes and reduce the recurrence rate, current guidelines recommend maintenance of antibiotics for a minimum of 12 months after achievement of negative culture conversion.
Boosting Cosmeceutical Peptides: Coupling Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids to Pentapeptide-4 Originates New Leads with Antimicrobial and Collagenesis-Inducing Activities
Authors: Gomes Ana , Bessa Lucinda J. , Fernandes Iva , Aguiar Luísa , Ferraz Ricardo , Monteiro Cláudia , Martins M. Cristina L. , Mateus Nuno , Gameiro Paula , Teixeira Cátia , Gomes Paula
Published: August 2022

As life expectancy increases, diseases causing chronic wound infections become more prevalent. Diabetes, peripheral vascular diseases, and bedridden patients are often associated with non-healing wounds that become infected, resulting in high morbidity and mortality.
Short Signature
rpoB
Gene Sequence to Differentiate Species in Mycobacterium abscessus Group
Authors: Bao Jian R. , Shier Kileen L. , Master Ronald N. , Jones Robert S. , Clark Richard B.
Published: August 2022

Mycobacterium abscessus
group (MAG) are rapidly growing acid-fast bacteria that include three species:
M. abscessus
, M. massiliense
, and
M. bolletii
. These species are among the leading causes of nontuberculosis mycobacteria infections in humans but difficult to differentiate using commonly used methods.
Supplemental Material: Onset of long-lived silicic and alkaline magmatism in eastern North America preceded Central Atlantic Magmatic Province emplacement
Authors: Kinney Sean , al. et
Published: August 2022

Figures S1–S49 (zircon images, Concordia and weighted mean plots and the results of MCMC modeling); Tables S1 and S2 (detailed sample information and detailed methods for LA-ICP-MS analyses); and Datasets S1–S3 (whole rock chemistry and measured isotopic data for all samples). 
Volcano-pluton connections at the Lake City magmatic center (Colorado, USA)
Authors: Pamukçu Ayla S. , Schoene Blair , Deering Chad D. , Keller C. Brenhin , Eddy Michael P.
Published: August 2022

Exposed at the Lake City caldera (Colorado, USA) is the ca. 23 Ma reversely stratified (rhyolite to trachyte) Sunshine Peak Tuff and post-collapse syenite and monzonite resurgent intrusions. Existing models for this system suggest that the rhyolites are related to the trachyte and resurgent syenite through fractional crystallization, separation, and remobilization (crystal mush model), and that multiple magma batches were involved in the system (Hon, 1987; Kennedy et al., 2016; Lubbers et al., 2020). We use U-Pb zircon CA-ID-TIMS-TEA and zircon trace-element modeling to further probe age and geochemical relationships between the extrusive and intrusive units. Zircon ages and compositions from the erupted units and the syenite overlap, suggesting these magmas were related and may have mixed prior to eruption. Results from the monzonite suggest it was a contemporaneous but distinct magma batch that mixed with parts of the larger system. Trends in zircon geochemistry are decoupled from time, reflecting a complex history of accessory mineral saturation and mixing of magma batches, and a distinct high-Hf population of zircon grains hints at the existence of an additional, independent batch of rhyolitic magma in the system. The new ages we present shorten the lifetime of the Lake City magmatic system from 80 to 300 k.y. (Bove et al., 2001) to 60 to 220 k.y. and suggest the high-silica rhyolite magma crystallized over a minimum of ~160 k.y. This latter timescale likely reflects a protracted history that includes differentiation of a parent melt prior to extraction of eruptible high-silica rhyolite magma.
Development of the Whitehorse trough as a strike-slip basin during Early to Middle Jurassic arc-continent collision in the Canadian Cordillera
Authors: van Drecht Leigh H. , Beranek Luke P. , Colpron Maurice , Wiest Adam C.
Published: August 2022

The Whitehorse trough is a synorogenic basin in the northern Cordillera that resulted from arc-collision processes along the northwestern margin of North America, but its filling history and tectonic significance remain uncertain. New detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope analyses of 12 rock samples, including six basal sandstones that sit unconformably on Triassic rocks of Stikinia, were combined with published detrital zircon and fossil data to establish the depositional ages of synorogenic Laberge Group strata in Yukon and test proposed links between Intermontane terrane exhumation and basin-filling events. Laberge Group strata yielded 205–170 Ma and 390–252 Ma detrital zircon populations that indicate derivation from local Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic arc and syncollisional plutons and metamorphosed Paleozoic basement rocks of the Stikinia and Yukon-Tanana terranes. Basal sandstone units have Early Jurassic depositional ages that show the Whitehorse trough filled during early Sinemurian, late Sinemurian to Pliensbachian, and Toarcian subsidence events. Late Triassic to Early Jurassic detrital zircon grains confirm that syncollisional plutons near the northern trough were exhumed at 0.5–7.5 mm/yr and replicate their excursion to subchondritic Hf isotope compositions as a result of increasing crustal contributions from Rhaetian to Sinemurian time. The new detrital zircon data, combined with recent constraints for Triassic–Jurassic metamorphism and magmatism in Yukon, require modification of published forearc to syncollisional basin models for the Whitehorse trough. We reinterpret Jurassic subsidence patterns and architecture of the Whitehorse trough to reflect sinistral transtension within a transform fault system that resulted from the reorganization of subduction after end-on arc collision.
Single-stage inferior vena caval intravenous leiomyomatosis excision
Authors: Aimanan Karthigesu , Koay Kean Leong , Hayati Firdaus , Tajri Hafizan Mohd
Published: August 2022

Intravascular tumour extension can occur in many different types of cancer. Those with the highest tendency include renal cell carcinoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inferior vena cava (IVC) tumour thrombus in gynaecological malignancy is rarely reported. We present a report on a female patient with extensive IVC tumour thrombus (intravenous leiomyomatosis) with concurrent intrauterine leiomyomatosis. She underwent a single-stage procedure, involving laparotomy and a sternotomy to remove her pelvic tumour, as well as the intracaval and intracardiac thrombus. The clinical presentation and management of this rare tumour will be detailed in this case report.
Realist evaluation of the impact, viability and transferability of an alcohol harm reduction support programme based on mental health recovery: the Vitae study protocol
Authors: Martin-Fernandez Judith , Stevens Nolwenn , Moriceau Sarah , Serre Fuschia , Blanc Hélène , Latourte Emmanuelle , Auriacombe Marc , Cambon Linda
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Addiction is considered a chronic disease associated with a high rate of relapse as a consequence of the addictive condition. Most of the current therapeutic work focuses on the notion of relapse prevention or avoidance and the control of its determinants. Since only a small portion of patients can access alcohol addiction treatment, it is crucial to find a way to offer new support towards safe consumptions, reductions or cessations. The harm reduction (HR) approach and mental health recovery perspective offers another way to support the patient with alcohol addiction. Vitae is a realist evaluation of the impact, viability and transferability of the IACA! programme, an HR programme based on the principle of psychosocial recovery for people with alcohol use disorders.

Methods and analysis

The Vitae study adheres to the theory-driven evaluation framework where the realist evaluation method and contribution analysis are used to explore the effects, mechanisms and influence of context on the outcomes and to develop and adjust an intervention theory. This study is a 12-month, multi-case, longitudinal descriptive pilot study using mixed methods. It is multi-centred, and carried out in 10 addiction treatment or prevention centres. In this study, outcomes are related to the evolution of alcohol use and the beneficiaries trajectory in terms of psychosocial recovery during these 12 months after the start of IACA!. The target number of participants are 100 beneficiaries and 23 professionals.

Ethics and dissemination

This research was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Persons Ouest V n°: 21/008-3HPS and was reported to the French National Agency for the Safety of Health Products. All participants will provide consent prior to participation. The results will be reported in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific and public conferences.

Trial registration numbers

NCT04927455; ID-RCB2020-A03371-38.
Younger age at multiple sclerosis onset is associated with worse outcomes at age 50
Authors: Bose Gauruv , Healy Brian C , Barro Christian , Glanz Bonnie I , Lokhande Hrishikesh A , Polgar-Turcsanyi Mariann , Guttmann Charles RG , Bakshi Rohit , Weiner Howard L. , Chitnis Tanuja
Published: August 2022

Objective

Older age at multiple sclerosis (MS) onset has been associated with worse 10-year outcomes. However, disease duration often exceeds 10 years and age-related comorbidities may also contribute to disability. We investigated patients with>10 years disease duration to determine how age at MS onset is associated with clinical, MRI and occupational outcomes at age 50.

Methods

We included patients enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital with disease duration>10 years. Outcomes at age 50 included the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), development of secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), brain T2-lesion volume (T2LV) and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), and occupational status. We assessed how onset age was independently associated with each outcome when adjusting for the date of visit closest to age 50, sex, time to first treatment, number of treatments by age 50 and exposure to high-efficacy treatments by age 50.

Results

We included 661 patients with median onset at 31.4 years. The outcomes at age 50 were worse the younger first symptoms developed: for every 5 years earlier, the EDSS was 0.22 points worse (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.40; p=0.015), odds of SPMS 1.33 times higher (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.64; p=0.008), T2LV 1.86 mL higher (95% CI: 1.02 to 2.70; p<0.001), BPF 0.97% worse (95% CI: 0.52 to 1.42; p<0.001) and odds of unemployment from MS 1.24 times higher (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.53; p=0.037).

Conclusions

All outcomes at age 50 were worse in patients with younger age at onset. Decisions to provide high-efficacy treatments should consider younger age at onset, equating to a longer expected disease duration, as a poor prognostic factor.
Chaotic electron dynamics in a FEL with realizable quadrupole wiggler and Gaussian electron beam
Authors: Taghavi Amin , Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi
Published: August 2022

Chaotic motion of electrons causes a considerable decrease in gain and efficiency of free-electron lasers (FELs). In this paper, we study chaotic dynamics of electrons moving with relativistic velocity in a realizable (three-dimensional) quadrupole wiggler when the radial dependency of wiggler magnetic field is fully taken into account using time series, Poincaré surface-of-section maps, and Liapunov exponents. The electron beam is also considered to be realizable with Gaussian density profile and an ion channel is considered as a guiding device for the electron beam. We show that the chaotic behavior of electron motion is due to the nonlinearity of quadrupole wiggler magnetic field and the chaotic electron motion occurs at almost large radial distances in which the wiggler magnetic field is large. Also, we find that one can control the electron chaotic motion by using electron beam with Gaussian density rather than the electron beam with uniform density. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of ion channel and find that when the electrostatic force of ion channel overcomes the nonlinearity effect of quadrupole wiggler magnetic field and self-repulsive force arises from electron beam, the electron motion becomes non-chaotic. We also investigate the electron motion under Budker condition and show that the Budker condition cannot guarantee the electron motion becoming completely non-chaotic.
Noise-induced synchronization stochastic resonance in Hodgkin–Huxley neurons
Authors: Shi Peiming , Wang Yuchang , Zhang Wenyue , Li Mengdi , Song Tao
Published: August 2022

In this paper, based on the Hodgkin–Huxley (H-H) neuron model, three distinct types of noises are introduced into the input of the neuron. The noises are Gaussian white noise (GWN), Lévy noise and Colored noise, separately. The phenomenon of stochastic resonance under and above threshold in one-dimensional H-H neuron is discussed. First, the responses of H-H neuron to different input signal frequency, amplitude and constant offset stimulation are researched. The neuron membrane potential diagram and spectrum diagram are given. Then, the mutual information rate (MIR) is taken as the evaluation index. The results show that adding a noise of certain intensity can increase the response of neuron to the orignal signal and the MIR between the output and input of neuron has unimodal property, which proves the existence of stochastic resonance under and above the threshold. We also find that neurons have frequency selectivity and different transmission performance for different amplitude of input signals. In addition, the constant offset stimulus should not be too large. Finally, it is discovered that the adaptability of subthreshold stochastic resonance and suprathreshold stochastic resonance (SSR) characteristics characteristics of one-dimensional H-H neurons induced by three distinct types of noises is different. What is more important is that the results of this paper will be instrumental in the future researching on the affect of these three noises in the stochastic resonance of neuron networks.
An Analysis of Female Academic Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Ramjanul , Cullen Ufuk Alpsahin
Published: August 2022

This study critically analyses the micro, meso and macro level factors that influence the female academics to engage in academic entrepreneurship (AE). The extant literature, which seeks to understand the female academics engagement in AE, mostly revolves around a gender comparative lens, where women entrepreneurs are understood only in comparison with men. This study examines the association between female AE and the level of asymmetry between the micro, meso and macro level factors (5M framework).
Biomotor is not a Heat Engine
Authors: Shu Yao-Gen , Ou-Yang Zhong-Can
Published: August 2022

ATP synthase (FoF1-ATPase) is the model rotary molecular motor with three sites of ATP syntheses/hydrolyses in the “stator” of F1. The coupling between chemical progress and mechanical one is tight, and both progresses are reversible. Thus, the mechanochemical reversibility of FoF1-ATPase may resemble that of a heat engine. Single-molecule experiment has demonstrated that the efficiency of rotary motor is nearly 100%. However, it is impossible for a heat engine to achieve such high efficiency. On the other hand, kinesin is the model linear biomotor with only two sites of ATP hydrolyses located in the two heads, respectively, while its efficiency is just [Formula: see text]. Myosin V is another processive linear motor with nearly [Formula: see text] efficiency as well. However, the chemical progress of processive linear motors with two heads is irreversible. That is, if they walk backward in hand over hand along with a track by an external force, the energy molecule ATP is not synthesized, but consumed yet. This chemical irreversibility excludes the possibility that kinesin/myosin V can be treated energetically as a heat engine. The most intriguing fact is why the efficiency of a processive linear motor with two sites is just [Formula: see text] of that of a processive rotary motor with three sites.
High Performance Fully Inkjet-Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT) Biosensor
Authors: AlChamaa Walid , Khraiche Massoud
Published: August 2022

High throughput, high sensitivity, and scalability point-of-care biosensors have the potential to significantly improve diagnosis and disease monitoring. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are a powerful platform for point-of-care biosensing given their sensitivity and performance. Unfortunately, this is seldom achieved with novel and cost-effective fabrication methods. In this work, we built high-performance OECTs using state-of-the-art inkjet printing technology a, scalable, highly reproducible, and low-cost fabrication process. The design utilizes unique high conductivity PEDOT: PSS formulations driving higher ion-to-electron conversion, and volumetric capacitance reaching a value of 18.524 F cm−3. The design included a high ratio of channel cross-sectional area to length reaching a maximum corresponding transconductance (gm) value of 15.2 mS, an order of magnitude improvement on published work. The design was also tested with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein and showed a limit of detection on the order of 1 pM of BSA. This work shows the potential of inkjet printing for fabricating low-cost, high-performance OECT-based point-of-care biosensors.
Clinical Practice Pattern of Korean Medicine Doctors in Idiopathic Short Stature Treatment: A Survey Study
Authors: Jang Soobin , Lee Boram
Published: August 2022

Background. Korean medicine (KM) interventions are attractive for children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). We investigated the real-world clinical practice patterns of KM doctors in ISS treatment. Methods. The survey targeted KM doctors who have treated patients with ISS in KM clinical settings for >3 years. We included questions on the diagnosis and treatment patterns, effects, cost, and opinions of doctors on KM treatment for ISS. A frequency analysis was performed. Results. There were 58 respondents, and “heights of parents” (n = 57, 98.3%), “height, weight, and growth rate of child” (n = 55, 94.8%), and “amount of meals, digestive function” (n = 52, 89.7%) were frequently used as indicators for diagnosis and treatment. The most frequently used KM interventions were “herbal medicine” (n = 58, 100%), “acupuncture” (n = 49, 84.5%), “moxibustion” (n = 38, 65.5%), “dry cupping” (n = 26, 44.8%), and “physiotherapy” (n = 22, 37.9%). Herbal medicines were generally prescribed to tonify the spleen or kidney, and the most frequently used individual herbs were Acanthopanacis cortex, Astragali Radix, and Cervi parvum cornu. The most common acupuncture points were ST36, GB34, SP6, EX-LE5, and LI4. Conclusions. This study showed the use of KM for ISS in real-world clinical settings. In the future, well-designed clinical studies to verify the effect of KM treatment on ISS based on real-world clinical practice patterns should be actively performed.