bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plastic Micro Features Produced by Microwelding Machine
Authors: Liu Hang , Xu Yan , Yung Kei Leung , Kang C.L. , Tian W.
Published: September 2011

The method of using microwelding machine to fabricate micro features on a stainless steel micro mould has been studied. The micro features obtained from molding using an ultrasonic microwelding machine have shown distinctive characteristics. The microflow behavior of polymer melt during the microwelding process is also studied. The micro molds of 0.2mm thick and through holes of 0.05mm and 0.2mm in diameters were used. Results show micro features can be produced using the microwelding machine with molding speed comparable to that of micro injection molding.
Bond Interface Evaluation by Ultrasonic Testing and SEM for Radial Friction Welding Joints of Copper and Steel
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhu Ling Yun , Wu Guang Feng
Published: September 2011

The bonds of T2 copper/50steel were studied by inertial radial friction welding techniques at different conditions. Ultrasonic C-scan testing was employed to evaluate the bonding situation. In order to verify the reliability of ultrasonic C-scan testing results, the optical microscope, SEM and shear test were used to analyse the microstructure and mechanical properties. It was found that ultrasonic C-scan testing was useful to evaluate the inertial radial friction welding joint situations by analyzing the ratio of good bonded area in the bond area of ultrasonic C-scan images. And the correctness of ultrasonic C-scan testing was testified by microstructure examination. Furthermore, it was concluded that enough metalline plastic deformation occurred, oxide film of joint was destroyed and constituent elements were mutually diffused sufficiently, when two stage pressure was employed and friction pressure 78 MPa, friction speed 3200r/min were used.
Study on Properties and Mechanism of Si-Reinforced Zn-Al Alloys
Authors: Song Xiu An
Published: September 2011

Wear resistance of Zn-Al alloys declines sharply at high-speed overload, or poor lubrication, friction interface adhering. It is necessary to further improve the properties of Zn-Al alloys. Silicon were added into Zn-Al alloys as reinforcement (Si from 3%, 5% to 7%) and modified with mixed salt (sodiums, CaF2 and KCl ) and mixed rare earth(La and Ce oxides).Research determined the hardness, tensile toughness, wear quantities (at room and high temperature), observed the microstructure of alloys, analyzed the modification mechanism of modifier on silicon ,and selected a better sample for testing of high temperature wear resistance and high speed friction- rotating. The results show that silicon phases are significantly modified from sheet to spheroid, the properties are further improved because of silicon as hard phase in alloys, especially, the high temperature properties increases greatly, adhering temperature increases from below 170°C to above 250°C.
Wind Power Micro-Generator Using Dielectric Electric Active Polymer
Authors: Lin Gui Juan , Zhang Xin Bo , Song De Chao
Published: September 2011

Wind power is emerging as a particularly attractive form of renewable energy. Dielectric Electric Active Polymers (DEAP) has shown great potential as actuator materials. Their predomination has been shown to operate in transforming mechani­cal to electrical energy in a generator mode. This work investigates the principle of wind power dielectric electro active polymer generator, simulation and experimental verification of the phenomenon. Dielectric Electro Active Polymer have proved to provide electrical energy with density as high as 1.5J.g-1.This value is very important compared to the density available with piezoelectric polymer (0.3J.g-1). The prototype has been set up on the DEAP wind power generator in the article. It is a membrane with an area of 1.5 m2 and 30μm in thickness, which is fabricated by Danfoss PolyPower A/S using smart compliant electrode technology in conjunction with a silicone elastomer. In the last part of this article, experimental results are detailed with our prototype for wind application.
Optimization of Experimental Parameters to the Formation of Bi2212 Phase via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Yang Hua Zhe , He Ye Song , Ji Yang , Li Zi Mu , Zhu Hao
Published: September 2011

Bi-2212 superconducting phase was synthesized via sol-gel method, and the experimental parameters such as the concentration of precursor solution and heat treatment temperature were adjusted to find the optimal conditions. Metal nitrates were adopted as the starting materials and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) as chelating agent. Precursor solutions and gel with different concentration were obtained through the addition of different content of distilled water as solvent followed by heating at certain temperature to form grey powders. Afterwards, the powders were sintered at different temperature for 10 hours, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was adopted to investigate the phase purity and crystallinity of the sample derived. Results reveal that the optimized precursor solution concentration is 27% and the optimized sintering temperature is 850°C.
Study on Infrared Transparent Radar Double Band-Pass Filter
Authors: Jia Hong Yan , Feng Xiao Guo
Published: September 2011

To realize the functions of infrared transparent as well as radar double– pass Band, A Y loop and Y slot compound element Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) structure is proposed, which takes an infrared transparent inductive mesh as a substrate. The proposed structure is analyzed based on Galerkin spectral method. The transitivity of infrared (3um-5um) as well as the radar double passed band with two resonance frequencies (31GHz and 54GHz) is discussed. The result reveals that this structure has function of infrared transparent as well as stable radar double–band filter with effective shielding effect on S-band and C-band radar electromagnetic waves. The design with multiple passband is suitable for radar/IR composite guidance and it also offers a kind of new thinking way of design for multi-mode compound guidance systems.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Property of FeVO4 Photocatalyst by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Li Fang , Luan Hai Yan
Published: September 2011

FeVO4 photocatalysts were synthesized by complexing Sol-Gel method using citric acid as chelate and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microsoope(SEM, specific surface area (BET). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution under visible light. It was found that the sample prepared with the molar ratio of citric acid to metal inons be 2:1, pH=7 and calcinated under 750°C for 4 hours was pure triclinic FeVO4 phase. In the experimental conditions used, the FeVO4 calcined at 750°C had highest photocatalytic activity with the photodegradation rate was about 85% or so in 150min under 250W halogen lamp.
Diffusion Behavior of Aluminum Atoms in Hot Dip RE-Aluminizing
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Ai Ping , Jin Wen Zhong
Published: September 2011

The pure aluminized layer and RE-aluminized layer on industrial pure iron were prepared by hot dip aluminizing method, and the thickness and composition of the layer were investigated by means of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The results showed that the RE was permeated into the alloy layer after hot dip RE-aluminizing and the thickness of the alloy layer increases by about 30% as against hot dip pure aluminizing. The binding energy between the vacancy and aluminum atom was calculated. According to the energy condition of the solute-vacancy complex diffusion, it points out that the solute-vacancy complex diffusion is the main mechanism of aluminum atoms diffusion in hot dip RE-aluminizing and the main reason why the thickness of alloy layer increases after hot dip RE-aluminizing.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (ε-caprolactone)/ TiO2 Nanocomposites Obtained by In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Wang Guang Shuo , Wei Zhi Yong , Liu Lian , Wang Pei , Qi Min
Published: September 2011

The novel biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone)/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of modified-TiO2 nanoparticles as initiator. The molecular weight of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix was dependent on the amount of the TiO2 fillers. The incorporation of TiO2 did not significantly affect the crystalline structure of PCL. An astounding nucleating effect of TiO2 on PCL crystallization was observed. The enhanced thermal stability of PCL nanocomposites was observed. The novel biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone)/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of modified-TiO2 nanoparticles as initiator. The molecular weight of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix was dependent on the amount of the TiO2 fillers. The incorporation of TiO2 did not significantly affect the crystalline structure of PCL. An astounding nucleating effect of TiO2 on PCL crystallization was observed. The enhanced thermal stability of PCL nanocomposites was observed.
MMT and Short Time Soaking in Hexane to Suppress DOP Migrating from Flexible PVC
Authors: Li Li Xiu , Xiao Yao , Wang Biao , Li Xi Hong , Xue Ting
Published: September 2011

This study explored an approach to suppress plasticizer DOP migrating from flexible PVC. MMT/PVC composite materials were prepared using MMT modified by CH3(CH2)17NH3+, and tortuous paths for DOP were created by MMT dispersion in PVC matrix. Short time soaking in hexane treatment on PVC specimen formed two membranes that did not contain DOP on the PVC surface, which came into being barrier for DOP molecules. DOP migration tests showed that hexane-treated PVC’s migration curve presented time lag compared to that of none-treated neat PVC, and migration rate of hexane-treated MMT/PVC was much lower than the reference. Hexane-treated MMT-2/PVC sample exhibited the best performance on the prevention of DOP migration.
Effect of Artificial Aging (T6) on Microstructure of Al-AC8H/Al2O3 MMC Produced by Stir Casting Route
Authors: Zulfia Anne , Ajiriyanto Maman Kartaman
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this research is to systematically study the influence of artificial aging (T6) on evaluation of microstructure changed and hardness of Al-Al2O3 composite produced by stir casting route. The Al2O3 particle reinforced previously was coated by electroless coating method to improve wetting system between Al-AC8H and Al2O3 when aluminium composites fabricated by stir casting route. The volume fraction of Al2O3 which added into Al melts was various from 2% to 22.5%. The stirring process was carried out at 500-700 rpm to achieve vortex in alumnium melt using graphite impeller for 15 minutes. The prepared aluminium composites then heat treated by T6 treatment with different aging time. Microstructure and hardness after T6 treatment were investigated. It was observed that microstructure changed after T6 while hardness increase after T6 due to the Mg2Si precipitation hardening was present in Al matrix as well as Si eutectic accumulated on the surface of Al2O3. It was found that the optimum hardness occurred after aging for 3 hours.
Influence of Small-Strain and Large-Strain Methods on Mechanical Behaviors in Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Wu Yun Zhang , Zhu Yu Ping , Dui Guan Suo
Published: September 2011

Based on thermodynamic theory, a phenomenological model of shape memory alloy is provided. Simulations under different loading illustrate the influence of large-strain deformation and small-strain deformation on the characteristics of the model. The results indicate that the difference between the two methods is small under uniaxial tension case, while the influence is very large under shear deformation case.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of Zinc Tungstate Nano/Microstructures
Authors: Wang Qiang , Sun Ming Ming , Li Chun Hong
Published: September 2011

Different Zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) nanostructures were controllably synthesized via facile hydrothermal method in the presence of surfactant polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG-20000). During the synthesis, cheap and simple inorganic salts were used as precursors. The shape and size of ZnWO4 nano/microstructures can be well controlled by the dosage of surfactant, the pH value of reaction system and other hydrothermal parameters. Apart from structural and morphological characterizations of the ZnWO4 nano/microstructures, the composition and the photoluminescent (PL) properties of typical samples have also been investigated by powder X-ray diffraction pattern and fluorescence spectrophotometer, respectively. The results indicated that all the products of ZnWO4 with different morphologies exhibited the only blue peak at 506 nm with an excitation wavelength at 253 nm.
The Effect of WC Doping on the Electrochemical Behavior of Nanosilicon/CMC/AB Composite Electrode
Authors: Wen Zhong Sheng , Lu Dong , Sun Jun Cai , Ji Shi Jun
Published: September 2011

Silicon is the most attractive anode material of all known host materials for lithium ion batteries because of its high theoretical lithium-insertion capacity up to 4200 mAh g-1, but it is difficult to be applied for its poor cyclability caused by the mechanical invalidation for the insertion of lithium ions. Nanosilicon/CMC/AB composite electrodes doped with WC were prepared by ball milling. The effect of the structure transformation of the doped electrode on the electrochemical behavior was systematically analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of doped silicon electrode play an important role on its long-term electrochemical stability. The capacity retention could be maintained about 90% after 40 cycles. It was demonstrated that the cycling stability of the nanosilicon composite electrode could get a great promotion by WC doping. The intensification of the mechanical properties is critical to enhance the performance of the composite electrode.
Constitutive Modeling for the Prediction of Peak Stress in Hot Deformation Processing of Al Alloy Based Nanocomposite
Authors: Senthilkumar V. , Abhishek A. Balaji , Ahamed Hafeez
Published: September 2011

Hot deformation tests were carried out on Al5083 – 2 %(vol) TiC nanocomposite in a temperature range of 250 – 450°C at varying strain rate of 0.01 – 1.0 sec-1. Constitutive models were developed for the prediction of peak flow stress relating strain rate, true stress, temperature and activation energy. The percentage error between measured flow stress and constitutive model values were calculated to analyse the efficacy of the model in the prediction of peak stress. Finally, a window of working of the selected nanocomposite is established for finding out the safer region of working.
Microstructure and Properties of Surface Nanostructured Copper
Authors: Lin Wan Ming , Wei Yin Hui , Hou Li Feng
Published: September 2011

Surface nanocrystallization (SNC) is a novel method for improving materials properties. Nanostructured surface layers of about 20 μm thickness were produced in copper plate samples by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The behaviors of the SMAT samples were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Vickers hardness testing and potentiodynamic anodic polarization tests. The experimental results showed that the longer the peening time was performed on the copper pate samples, the thicker the deformation layers formed. The microhardness results for the top surface layer of the copper plate sample are 1.723 GPa and 1.752 GPa for 45 and 60 min, respectively, which are about two times higher than that of the matrix. The primary passivate potential of nanocrystalline copper was more negative than that of coarse-grain copper.
Digital Test Instrument of Radial Direction Displacement Precise for Round Shape Part Based on Labview
Authors: Tanli Meng Qing , Zhang Qian , Yang Xu Jing , Jiang Yan , Peng Ru Shu
Published: September 2011

In the past, the instrument in the test station is usually using analogy technology, the testing and inspecting with the device executed with discrete and isolated way, in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness, the digital instrument of radial direction preciseness for round shape part is designed and composed based on Labview in this research. The mechanic section of this instrument is an inspection device, the acquisition section use the acquisition module of NI, the software of the instrument is developed with Labview. The instrument is fitted to apply in the shop floor of factory.
Preparation and Applications of Compatibilizer in HPVC/EPDM
Authors: Liang Bing , Ji Jie Mei , Hong Xiao Dong , Cao Jun
Published: September 2011

The graft copolymer EPDM-g-MMA was synthesized and its compatibilization property for HPVC/EPDM blending materials was studied in this paper. The synthesis conditions were investigated, results showed that the optimum solvent was the mixture of toluene and n-heptane with volume ratio of 1:1; the optimum conditions were reaction temperature of 80°C, time of 7 hours, initiator BPO was 0.12% and monomer MMA was 12%. The synthesis product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and showed that EPDM-g-MMA grafting copolymer was obtained. The mechanical property of HPVC/EPDM blending materials increased greatly with an increase of compatibilizer content, compared with HPVC/EPDM material with no compatibilizer, when the dosage of EPDM-g-MMA was 9%, the tensile strength of the system increased from 6.8 MPa to 13.65 Mpa, and elongation at break increased from 175.23% to 347.31%.
Studies on Mechanical Properties and Wear Behaviour of In Situ Al-TiC Composites
Authors: Jerome S. , Kumar Ashish , Kumaresh Babu S.P. , Ravisankar Balasubramanian
Published: September 2011

In the present work, Al–TiC composites were synthesized by Flux Assisted Synthesis (FAS) route. In this in situ method the TiC particles are generated from the reaction between the mixture of K2TiF6 salt and graphite in the molten aluminium. The XRD peaks have confirmed the presence of the TiC and no other undesirable intermetallics have formed after reaction. After casting the composites were extruded and then aged. All the cast, extruded and aged composites samples have exhibited significant improvement in mechanical properties in comparison with the monolithic alloy. The erosion corrosion test have been performed and found that wear resistance of the composites have significantly improved by the presence of TiC particles. Optical and Scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural analysis and XRD was used for phase analysis. Mechanical testes were performed as per the ASTM standards.
Research on the Development of Large Application Specific Integrated Circuit Based on SOPC
Authors: Kong Qing Chen , Zhang Guang Can , Li Yong Xin
Published: September 2011

This paper introduces a design of ASIC with the advantages of high performance, low power, low cost and short development cycle, which is especially suitable for the middle and small scale production of complicated large programmable ASIC. Through introducing the performance and latest development of HardCopy series devices and Stratix FPGA series devices, and based on the development platform of Quartus II and Nios II system, this paper analyzes the complete development process of Stratix FPGA and HardCopy ASIC based on SOPC. This paper concludes the seamless transplant from Stratix FPGA to HardCopy ASIC based on the SOPC with IP multiplexing, which is the most promising development direction of producing large programmable ASIC with high performance and low cost in the future.
Research on B2C Electronic Commerce System Based on X3D/VRML
Authors: Ou Yan Qun , Zhou Li , Fang Yu Ping
Published: September 2011

Firstly, the thesis analyzes the basic concepts and features of X3D virtual reality modeling language (VRML), X3D is 3D graphic criterion that is follow on, extensible. Secondly, the thesis presents the application frame of VRML in B2C Electronic Commerce systems. By using the technology of VRML, such as the 3D modeling technology, interactive technology and database access technology combined with ASP, the E-commerce system can connect business and customer. The B2C E-commerce platform based on X3D/VRML technology has the trait of instant, 3d, interactive and verisimilitude, provide enhanced receptivity and interactivity for E-commerce. With the organic integration of E-commerce system and VRML technology, the competitiveness of E-commerce will be improved. Virtual 3D B2C E-commerce system will be the platform for enterprise informatization.
Two Friction’s Laws for Lagrange’s Equations of Multibody System with Dry Friction
Authors: Wang Jian Feng , Liu Ying Jiu , Gao Shun Chuan , Li Song , Feng Feng
Published: September 2011

With the first kind of Lagrange’s equations, this paper presents the dynamical equations of multibody system with friction constraints. The generalized forces of friction forces are described in the form of matrix. Considering numerical method is widespread to analyze the characteristics of multibody system dynamics, this paper compares the two friction laws for solving the multibody system problem with dry friction constraints. Using Baumgarte’s and augmentation method, the differential-algebraic equations are given in the form of differential equations matrix to raise calculating efficiency. The friction force for Coulomb’s friction law and the continuous friction law is denoted, which converts subsection smooth systems to continuous smooth systems. An example is given to evaluate the validity of continuous law of friction. The numerical simulation shows that continuous law of friction is an effective method to process multibody system friction problem. The work in this paper also provides a new direction to research the non-smooth multibody system dynamics equation.
Tire Pressure Monitoring Inflatable Restraint System
Authors: Li Tan , Chen Xi , Yin Qi Xin , Hou Yong Ping
Published: September 2011

Tire blowout is a very serious security incident, particularly on the highway. As the existing anti-blowout device and measures also failed to meet the requirements to ensure traffic safety, research and development of prevention and treatment system is particularly important. In light of this, the Tire Pressure Monitoring Inflatable Restraint System is put forward. Sensor can send signals to the controller, and then the controller directs the gas generator to generate a lot of gas instantly, and through a special airway tire is inflated, so that the instability of the vehicle is eased. The concept of "vacuum tube tire" is first proposed, it can adapt to the inflation process better. Tire blowout, drunk driving and speeding is called together "three big killers on road" in China, so we can see that there are many incidents like these. Meanwhile, tire blowout is not like the other two which can be prevented by human’s means, it is sometimes not within our control. According to statistics, 70% of national highway traffic accidents are due to tire blowout, and a speed of more than 160km/h makes mortality possibility up to nearly 100%. In the check of the tires, more than 40% of them have security risks. [1] Statistics show that: The main reason why traffic accidents of high-speed driving keep increasing is leaked or inflated tires. In China, there is statistical data show that 46% traffic accidents on the highway were due to tire problem, in which tire blowout accounts for more than 70% of the total accidents, and the most crucial reasons of this is because the owners’ improper tire maintenance method. Beyond the boring concept, we can see a bunch of rather alarming figures, accounting for 49.81% highway accidents deaths, 63.94% injuries, 43.38% direct property loss were caused by high-speed tire blowout. High-speed tire blowout is considered to be the super-killer of traffic safety. And all the tire blowout incidents warn people to pay attention to tire safety.
Surface- Based Computing Model of Maximum Independent Set Problem
Authors: Yang Yan , Yin Zhi Xiang
Published: September 2011

About thirty years ago, the concept of the complexity of the problem was proposed. The most important complex class is P and NP class. Fruitful results of this concept are the existence of the so-called complex class complete problem. If the other issues of this class once solved in polynomial time, then the problem must exist polynomial time algorithms. Therefore, the complete problem is most difficult to solve, but because of their presence, we can choose any of them improved algorithm for a problem, so this kind of problem to get a good solution. DNA computing is a novel method that solving a class of intractable computational problems, in which the computing speeds up exponentially with the problem size. Up to now, many accomplishments have been made to improve its performance and increase its reliability. Maximum Independent Set problem (MIS) is a well-known NP-complete problem. Maximum Clique and Minimum Vertex Covering problem is equivalent to Maximum Independent Set problem. In this paper, we explore solving Maximum Independent Set problem by transforming it into equivalent 0-1 programming problem, and utilizing the surface computing model of that. The proposed method demonstrates universal nature of NP-complete problem.
Coupled Flexural-Longitudinal Vibration in a Curved Periodic Pipe Conveying Fluid
Authors: Shen Hui Jie , Wen Ji Hong , Yu Dian Long , Huang Li Juan , Xiao Yong , Wen Xi Sen
Published: September 2011

A longitudinal vibration coupling with a flexural vibration in a curved fluid-filled periodic pipe is studied. The pipe is fabricated by a periodic composite material structure based on the Bragg scattering mechanism of Phononic Crystals. Using the transfer matrix method, the band structure of an infinite periodic straight pipe is calculated, and the elastic wave propagation characteristics of the periodic pipe are discussed. Furthermore, the vibrational frequency response functions of a finite curved pipe are performed and the coupled vibration is studied. Finally, the transmission properties of longitudinal vibration, flexural vibration and their coupling vibration in the curved periodic fluid-filled pipe are investigated.
Self-Adaptive Scaling Factor Fuzzy Controller and NC Feeding Servo System
Authors: Zuo Yu Hu
Published: September 2011

The principle and structure of self-adaptive scaling factor fuzzy controller is introduced, which is composed of host fuzzy controller and auxiliary fuzzy controller. Auxiliary fuzzy controller produces a quantity to update real-time scaling factor according to control process error, variation of error and the relationship of error, to obtain better system control performance. According to characteristics of NC feeding servo system, the fuzzy controller is applied to control the NC feeding servo system. In order to check the dynamic performance and stable error of system, the controller is simulated with fuzzy toolbox and Simulink environment in Matlab. The results show that the self-adaptive scaling factor fuzzy controller is good for NC feeding servo system.
Multiple Vortex Body Vortex Numerical Simulation
Authors: Liu Han Xiao , Liu Zhong , Li Huai Liang , Feng Xin Xin , Xing Zhen Zhong
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the continuity equation, momentum equation and the k-ε turbulence equation were introduced to simulate the flow field of the multiple vortex bodies in different spacing cases. Found that each vortex body had good effect in producing vortex, and the greater flow field spacing, the smaller the highest velocity; the turbulence intensity is increasing gradually from the former vortex body to the next one, and there may be a best spacing between the vortex bodies which makes the best turbulent intensity. All of these theories provide a train of thought for the turbulent coalescence mechanism.
Failure Analysis of Welding Joints of CQ Steel
Authors: Xin Li Jun , Huang Tao , Wang Zhi Yong
Published: September 2011

In order to implement continuous roll of steel plates, steel plates need to be jointed simply and reliably. CQ steel plates have advantages such as low impurity, composition uniformity, excellent surface quality and good mechanical properties. However, there always has fracture failure of the online welded joint for continuous cool-roll CQ plates. For solving this question, theoretical calculation of weldability, fracture morphology and metallurgical structure were analyzed. The results show that CQ steel plates have good weldability according to the chemical composition, and the microstructure of welding seam are mainly ferrite and a small amount of lath martensite.While grain growth in HAZ is serious, with average grain size 15μm. A lot of impurities and gas cavities in welding seam are the main source of cracks. In addition, stress concentration caused by coarse grain zone in HAZ is one of the reasons for causing cracks. The microhardness was test and the results show that the hardness decrease from weld center to the base metal and there is a minimal value where is softened zone.
Characteristics of Human Operator in Manual Tracking Control System
Authors: Fu Xiu Hui , Wang Jing , Ouyang Shu Li , Song Wei Bo
Published: September 2011

Identification of operator handling characteristics has got the great attention of many people, especially for the intelligence of the machine. This article designs a manual tracking control experiment to analyze the human operator control characteristics. The whole experiment system is composed by a computer and a joystick. The computer simulate the target ball’s movement, human operator can control the reference ball by the joystick to track the target ball. By changing the target ball’s speed to identify the human operator control effect .According to record and analyze the deviation of the experiment data, achieved some tracking control characteristics of the operator: first, every operator has a time delay between he discovers the target and operates the machine to track it, this time is about 0.4s, second, the operator’s tracking performance is related to his operating skill, in addition, tracking effect depends on the target’s speed, the more difficult of the experiment task is, the poorer of the tracking effect is.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Simulations of Transverse Vibration of Axially Moving Electrode Wire in WEDM
Authors: Fan Sheng Yao , Zhang Qiu Ju , Chen Hai Wei
Published: September 2011

Many factors influence WEDM (Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining) processing precision, and the influence of various factors on the processing precision are expressed by wire electrode dynamic form ultimately. In this paper, the transverse vibration theoretical model of the axially moving electrode wire coupled with thermal stresses is established by the principle of Hamilton. The influence of various processing parameters on wire vibration are analyzed and simulated. This study provides a relevant theoretical basis for optimizing processing parameters, reducing the wire vibration and improving machining precision.
Modeling of Networked Control Systems in Electric Multiple Unit with Packet Dropout and Network-Induced Delay
Authors: Li Xin , Dong Hai Ying
Published: September 2011

In this paper, a modeling method is presented for networked control systems (NCSs) of electric multiple units (EMUs) with packet dropout and network-induced delay. It is assumed that the induced delay is less than the sampling period T, and the event rates (scilicet, the data packets transfer successfully rates) are fixed. The NCSs in EMUs can be described as an asynchronous dynamical systems which are driven by "events" that occur asynchronously. Using the dynamic output feedback control method, the systems exponential stability is discussed when the system state is not acquirable.
Fatigue Reliability and Optimal Design Research of TBM Cutter
Authors: Wang Zhao Qian , Yu Tian Biao , Zou Ye , Wang Chang Xin , Zhao Hai Feng , Wang Wan Shan
Published: September 2011

Tools of tunnel boring machine CAD models have been built by CAD software, it is analyzed static characteristics and fatigue characteristics by finite element analysis and obtaining the displacement in the poor stiffness conditions. Improving its structure to strengthen stiffness and fatigue life by the calculate result. The final result shows that the structure can satisfy its rigid command and can fit the soil conditions above 5%-10%. Damage frequency of tools is greatly deduced. It provides a theoretical basis for the actual design and product manufacturing.
Automatic Positioning Control System of Train
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Hui , Li Rong Hua
Published: September 2011

A type of automatic positioning control system of train has been introduced. The key element of system is based on induction radio communication technology. System is composed of four parts: ground control unit, communication unit, train control unit and external control part. The carrier of position produced by generator is amplified and sent to the coded flat cable. Then the signal is induced by antenna of train. Through control unit of train, the location of train will be gained. The location signal is sent out to PLC control part which will control some external equipment. It is especially for real-time address detecting online of subway or light rail trains during running. Several functions of automatic stop, positioning, opening, closing and others have been achieved in this control system.
A Temperature Detecting System Based on DS18B20
Authors: Wu Yan Xiang , Liu Dan , Kuang Xing Hong
Published: September 2011

To overcome the defects of traditional temperature detecting devices, this paper introduces a temperature detecting system based on 1-wire digital thermometer DS18B20. It consists of programmable resolution 1-wire digital thermometer DS18B20, single chip microcomputer (SCM) AT89C51, and the peripheral circuits. The temperature data can be displayed on a liquid crystal display and simultaneously transmitted to a personal computer (PC) via serial interface for remote monitoring after it is detected by sensors. The operating process of DS18B20 and the connection between AT89C51 and PC are introduced in detail. We also provide the main program flowchart and the flowchart of accessing DS18B20 in this paper. The simulation of the whole process is successfully implemented with software PROTEUS. This system can be widely applied in environment monitoring and process control.
An Outline of Methods in Machining Curved Hole
Authors: Qian Ying Ping , He Yin , Huang Ju Hua , Zhou Xi Zhi
Published: September 2011

Cooling stage is a key stage of injection molding. It affects both the quality and efficiency of injection molding of products. Conformal cooling channel, due to its advantages in uniform cooling and rapid cooling, could improve the cooling effect obviously. Therefore, study on methods of machining curved hole are proposed to be used for practice. In this thesis, some methods of machining curved hole and their features in general were introduced.
A Study of Predictive Control of Energy-Saving of Heating Process
Authors: Zhu Xue Li , Zhu Shu Xian , Guo Sheng Hui
Published: September 2011

This paper presents a predictive control method of heating system of heating power station. Firstly, the forecast of heating load is introduced using time series analysis, and the obtained result is used as an energy-saving initial value of predictive control system. Secondly, model simplification method is given and immediate control law is derived, the predictive model order is decreased from N to n. Simplification model satisfies the demand of real-time property of the control system. Thirdly, predictive error correction is used to replace error correction to implement the correction of optimum control of the system, which can improve adaptability and robustness of the system. Finally, simulation of heating system of heating power station is conducted and the results prove that the algorithm is effective in ensuring real-time control, improving tracking and robustness property.
Defects Classification of Steel Cord Conveyor Belt Based on Rough Set and Multi-Class v-SVM
Authors: Ma Hong Wei , Mao Qing Hua , Zhang Xu Hui , Zhang Da Wei , Chen Hai Yu
Published: September 2011

Because of steel cord conveyor belt with high load operating and complex conditions of coal mine, it is prone to cause conveyor belt horizontal rupture. It will bring tremendous hazards for coal mine production. Twelve time domain features of joints signals, broken wires signals and abrasion signals for steel cord conveyor belt were extracted with weak magnetic detection system. The algorithm of combining rough set based on information entropy with multi-classbased on binary tree was proposed to classify the three categories signals. The experiment results show that rough set reduction algorithm based on information entropy can effectively achieve feature reduction and classification speed of multi-classclassification algorithm based on binary tree can be improved by rough set feature reduction without changing classification accuracy.
Design of High-Speed and Low-Power Two-Channel Pipeline ADC
Authors: Cheng Li , Xu Jiao , Zhang Yi Xin , Yang Ning
Published: September 2011

This paper describes a low-power 1.2 V 8-bit 1Gs/s two-channel pipeline ADC. The novelty of the designed ADC lies in: ameliorating the two-channel pipeline structure that consists of 1.5-bit multiplying DAC (MDAC). In order to reduce the power consumption and improve the sampling speed, the dual-channel pipeline Time Division Multiplexing operation amplifier and double or single channel flash ADC are used; in the front-end Sample-and-Hold circuits, switch-linearization control circuits(SLC) driven by a single clock signal is applied to solve the problem of time-skew and time mismatch between two channels. The pipeline ADC is designed with 90 nm CMOS process. From the simulation results of the designed ADC, we can draw that the SFDR is 42.3 dB; the SNR is 32.7 dB under the usual temperature. The ADC achieves 21 mW power-dissipation, 8 resolution and 1.01 GS/s sampling speed. So the design meets high speed, high precision and low power dissipation at the same time.
The Research of Digital Double Close-Loop DC Speed Regulation System Based on ATMega8
Authors: Wang Jian Hui , Zhang Li , Long Yun
Published: September 2011

The design of Digital Double Close-loop DC Speed Regulation System which we introduce in this article is based on the numeric control scheme, and using ATMega8 as the main controller, also with PI arithmetic, so as to construct a double close-loop DC Speed Regulation System with inner loop of current feedback and outer loop of speed feedback. The approach of motor speed regulation is through the voltage regulation. Experimental results show that the system has robustness, fast and good tracking performance.
Study on the Shovel and Support Bracket’s Compensation for Vertical Pose’s Deviation of Roadheader
Authors: Mu Jing , Wu Miao
Published: September 2011

Automatic directional excavation technology in the coal mine laneway is the important research direction of integrated excavation project. Shovel and support bracket are the most key parts for keeping roadheader body stable in excavation. This paper studies the control ability and extreme position of boom-type roadheader’s shovel and support bracket, to calculate the adjustable vertical angles rang which is realized by shovel and support bracket, expanding roadheader’s automatic compensating excavation ability, meanwhile ensuring body stable. Vertical angle is one of the four kinds of basic body pose deviation parameters. This study is the research basis for the accuracy analysis of boom-type roadheader’s directional excavation. Because the depth that shovel and support brackets’ tip compress into laneway ground, is mainly determined by laneway ground hardness and body weight, and can’t be calculate accurately, paper’s end gives feedback control application of shovel and support bracket according to laneway conditions.
Visual Detection System Research of the Button Battery Based on Labview
Authors: Liu Hai Hua , Lin Shu Zhong , Liu Bing Yin
Published: September 2011

This paper develops the visual detection system of the button battery based on Labview to resolve button battery surface’s quality. To obtain continuous image acquisition process, we can use IMAQ Grab Setup.vi function to initialization before each image acquisition, and use IMAQ Grab Acquire.vi function to capture image. Here one-dimensional array can be got from the input port of the vidicon. And then the array is binary processed and denoised to prevent the small drop point being fat in the expansion processing. To get the white points of scratch image from the battery, it is necessary to create a template and make a logical subtraction to the two images. When the white points are greater than the set threshold, the battery is unqualified. The detected results are transferred to PLC in digital form and the pneumatic components are controlled by PLC to remove substandard products. Used by battery manufacturers, this system achieves good results.
Performance and Benefit Analysis of Mining Accumulator Locomotive AC Speed System Based on DTC
Authors: Zhang Xi , Yang Jie , Chen Wen Chao , Huang Qi Zhou
Published: September 2011

The traditional mine accumulator locomotive usually takes the DC motor for its power source. And the series-wound resistance method is usually used in its speed control. With the development of power electronics technology, the AC drive system based on power electronic converters can be realized. Especially after the realization of large-scale integration and compmer controling, the performance of AC variale speed has been improved a lot. In operation, the mine accumulator locomotive not only works in frequent starting, breaking, accelerating and decelerating conditions, but also has to adapt to the bad pavement. The AC asynchronous motor has simple stmcture, sturdy and durable, and it could save power by notusing resistance when it was used in speed control. With this characteristics, the AC speed control system has the feature of fast response and high overload capacity. The AC speed system is the key factor for efficient operation of mining accumulator locomotive. Compared with the traditional DC speed system, the principle of DTC is introduced in this paper. And the advantage of operating performance and economic benefit of mining accumulator locomotive with AC speed system based on DTC is analyzed from practical application.
An Anti-Sway Controller’s Design of the Overhead Crane
Authors: Yang Bin , Ma Lin
Published: September 2011

This paper detailedly illustrates how to design an anti-sway controller of overhead crane for eliminating pendulum of hook-headed. First of all the paper uses Lagrange Equation in analytical mechanics to obtain a mathematical model of crane motion system in three dimensional space. Then the paper advances a new control method and designs an anti-disturbance tracking controller based on servo-compensator and stabilization compensator for eliminating pendulum of hook-headed and accurately fixing position. In general, it is difficult to design an appropriate control law because of the crane motion system’s nonlinearity and strong coupling. However, the control method the paper put forward is simple and effective, and ensures the transient state performance of closed-loop system preferable and stable. The paper will introduce the design steps of anti-sway controller of overhead crane and give a satisfying simulation result, which are new and original in this paper.
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Flaw Classification in Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Chen Yuan , Ma Hong Wei
Published: September 2011

Aiming at the difficult question of flaw qualitative analysis during industrial ultrasonic testing, a method of flaw classification based on the combination of wavelet packet transform (WPT) with artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, WPT is applied to feature extraction of ultrasonic flaw echo signals, and then BP neural network (BPNN), RBF neural network (RBFNN) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) are respectively used to perform flaw classification by means of the features. To validate the method above, some experiments of feature extraction and flaw classification are performed utilizing a series sample of butt girth welds of seamless steel tube with four types of welding flaws, such as crack, stomata, incomplete penetration and slag inclusion. The results show that the accuracy of flaw classification by three kinds of neural networks respectively reached to 91.25%, 92.50% and 93.75%, and the better classification effect is obtained.
Global Path Planning for Full-Area Coverage Robotic Systems by Employing an Active Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zeng Cen , Zhang Qiang , Wei Xiao Peng
Published: September 2011

Genetic algorithm (GA), a kind of global and probabilistic optimization algorithms with high performance, have been paid broad attentions by researchers world wide and plentiful achievements have been made.This paper presents a algorithm to develop the path planning into a given search space using GA in the order of full-area coverage and the obstacle avoiding automatically. Specific genetic operators (such as selection, crossover, mutation) are introduced, and especially the handling of exceptional situations is described in detail. After that, an active genetic algorithm is introduced which allows to overcome the drawbacks of the earlier version of Full-area coverage path planning algorithms.The comparison between some of the well-known algorithms and genetic algorithm is demonstrated in this paper. our path-planning genetic algorithm yields the best performance on the flexibility and the coverage. This meets the needs of polygon obstacles. For full-area coverage path-planning, a genotype that is able to address the more complicated search spaces.
Study on Ultrasonic Characteristics and Sensors in Partial Discharge
Authors: Zhao Guang Xing , Yu Qing
Published: September 2011

In partial discharge detection of transformer, supersonics detection method is applied widely. In the paper, a model of supersonics is established by MATLAB. Meanwhile, analyses about the relation between amplitude of sound pressure and discharge capacity and ultrasonic signal spectrum are implemented based on the model. By analyzing the partial discharge characteristics of ultrasonic signals, a suitable ultrasonic receiving sensor can be selected that meets the performance requirements. Therefore, detection band of sensor is determined. Meanwhile, the structure of the sensor and the selection of piezoelectric crystals are introduced in details.Finally,the design of ultrasonic receiving sensor is determined.
A Study of PID Control System Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Liu Wei , Cai Jian Jun , Fan Xi Pin
Published: September 2011

To deal with the defects of the steepest descent in slowly converging and easily immerging in partialm in imum,this paper proposes a new type of PID control system based on the BP neural network, which is a combination of the neural network and the PID strategy. It has the merits of both neural network and PID controller. Moreover, Fletcher-Reeves conjugate gradient in controller can make the training of network faster and can eliminate the disadvantages of steepest descent in BP algorithm. The parameters of the neural network PID controller are modified on line by the improved conjugate gradient. The programming steps under MATLAB are finally described. Simulation result shows that the controller is effective.