bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Abdominal Obesity and Prevalence of Other Chronic Diseases in Korean Adults: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016 to 2020
Authors: Lee Seong Jun , Lee Hee Jin , Huh Youn , Sunwoo Sung
Published: January 2023

Background: The burden of disease caused by obesity is high worldwide, and the rate of obesity among adult men in Korea is increasing rapidly. Previous studies have shown that people with abdominal obesity have a higher risk of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the association between abdominal obesity and the risk of chronic diseases among Korean adults.Methods: Using raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2020, adults over 19 years of age were selected as research subjects. A chi square independence test was conducted to investigate the basic demographic characteristics of patients with abdominal obesity and the prevalence of chronic diseases. The relationship between abdominal obesity and each chronic disease was verified using multiple logistic regression analysis that adjusted for multiple chronic diseases.Results: The risk of all chronic diseases was higher in the abdominal obesity group than in the non-abdominal obese group. When multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with adjustments for age, gender, education level, income level, smoking, alcohol use and multiple chronic disease, the risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and arthritis was higher in the abdominal obesity group.Conclusions: Abdominal obesity is related to chronic diseases. The management and prevention of abdominal obesity should be emphasized to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
Factors Related to Suicidal Ldeation in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Multimorbidity Using Data From the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey
Authors: Kim Sun-Hee , Son Youn-Jung
Published: January 2023

Background: Multimorbidity and suicide rates are on the rising among older Korean population. Recent studies have shown that multimorbidity is associated with increased suicidal ideation. Thus, this study was to investigate individual factors of suicidal ideation among older Korean adults with multimorbidity.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a subsample (n=20,533) with multimorbidity aged 65 over of the 2017 Korean community health survey. Binary logistic regression model assessed the association of physical activity, sitting times, self-reported sleep duration, and depression with suicidal ideation in older adults with multimorbidity.Results: Overall, 2,790 (13.6%) of the sample reported suicidal ideation within the past year. Logistic regression analysis showed that women, low monthly family income, low physical activity, long sitting times, inappropriate sleep duration and depression were significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation in older adults with multimorbidity.Conclusions: To reduce the rate of suicidal ideation in older adults with multimorbidity, healthcare providers should be aware of the importance on routine assessment for physical activities, sleep pattern, and mental status of older adults in clinical settings. Particularly, female and low-income older adults with multimorbidity should be prioritized for early detection and individualized suicide prevention based on our findings.
Speech Perception in Digital Content: Network Conflicts in City Projects
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Pilgun Maria , Erofeeva Irina ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: January 2023

The article presents the results of the analysis on perception by network actors implementation of urban projects that affect the environment. An algorithm for adapting linguistic, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic methods for interpreting Big Data in real time is proposed. The study has enabled identifying several conflict situation markers and rating social tension compilation. The transdisciplinary approach has been applied with the use of neural network technologies, text analysis, analysis of word associations, content analysis, sentiment analysis. The material for the study was the data of social networks, microblogs, blogs, instant messengers, video hosting, video materials, forums and reviews on the construction of metro stations in Moscow. Analysis of the data showed the ambivalent attitude of Muscovites to the construction of new metro facilities. A positive reaction, due to the need to develop the transport structure of the city, improve the transport situation, is confronted with the protest of residents who put forward a number of claims. Verbal data examination has made it possible to reveal the rating of social tension around new metro facilities. The selection and analysis of the semantic and associative network with the use of neural network technologies contributed to clarifying and expanding the linguistic paradigm in speech perception of digital content. The results of the study can be used in both text and network analysis.
Active Processes in Modern Russian: Possibilities of Ecological and Linguistic Study
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Akimova Elvira , Bezkorovaynaya Galina ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Ionova Svetlana ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute
Published: January 2023

The article considers possibility of applying the ecological-and-linguistic approach to the study of active processes that characterize the current state of the Russian language, text production, including electronic communication. The specificity of the ecological approach in linguistics, its distinction from the orthological approach, as well as the structural analysis of linguistic units are displayed, visible active processes that dominate in phonetics, vocabulary, graphic encoding and text creation are registered. The authors consider the usefulness of the ecological approach in linguistics, its distinction from the orthological approach, as well as the structural analysis of linguistic units. The analysis made provision for defining language democratization as the major trend, which is noted in word functioning, changes in phrase and sentence structures; numerous borrowings of words and parts of words from the English language support the globalization trend. There is a tendency in strengthening the subjective aspect of the text content in public communication that is marked by the shift towards evaluative-expressive-emotional colloquial speech style. The opposing trend is text intellectualization, it appeals to background knowledge of the reader, the use of abbreviated forms in information coding. The authors conclude that a long-term ecological monitoring of these trends and the use of the ecological-and-linguistic approach to classification of linguistic phenomena are required.
Semantics of Inception: A Corpus-Based Research of Inchoative Verbs in the History of the Russian Language
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Penkova Yana
Published: January 2023

The paper discusses the problem of semantic evolution of the language units. It focuses on the semantics and collocation of the inchoative verbs: nachatisja, pochatisja, zachatisja, nastati, nastupiti, vozniknuti, pojavitisja in the Middle Russian writing. The research is based on the historical modules of the Russian National Corpus, historical dictionaries and card indices of the Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 11 th – 17 th centuries. The primary parameter for comparing inchoative verbs is the taxonomic class of a noun used as the main participant in the situation. The author argues that, in earlier period, the main inchoative verbs were verbs with the root -chn- and the verb nastati; their collocation was much wider than in contemporary Russian (they could collocate with almost any class of a noun). The high-code verb vozniknuti co-occurred with nouns that categorize such types of objects that can "rise", i.e., appear moving from bottom to top. On the contrary, the verb nastupiti co-occurred with nouns denoting entities and phenomena, which cover a large space and move horizontally. The verb pojavitisja collocated with the nouns of various phenomena, which can be perceived by senses. The verbs nastupiti, pojavitisja, vozniknuti are noted to have expanded their collocation gradually, taking over some meanings of the verbs nachatisja and nastati, which tended to narrow their collocation. Other verbs with the root -chn- ceased to be used.
The Art of Storytelling in the Digital Age: A Multimodal Perspective
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Chemodurova Zinaida
Published: January 2023

Using Dan Brown's Wild Symphony, Craig Silvey's The Amber Amulet, and Jon McGregor's In Winter the Sky as its case studies, this article attempts to explore a number of mechanisms and strategies contributing to the multimodal fiction construction and posing challenges for modern readers of all ages. The article proposes to examine multimodal resonance as a cognitive mechanism enhancing the emotional impact of multimodal stories on recipients and triggering the receptive mechanism of narrative empathy. Various semiotic resources, both free resources, such as photos, maps, and illustrations, and bound ones, including font types and typographical experiments, are analyzed from the standpoint of their role in fictional world creation. The article makes an original contribution to the Multimodal Stylistics Studies by hypothesizing the relevance of identifying two distinctive mechanisms of foregrounding: visual foregrounding as a range of formal ways to construct a multimodal text that focuses the reader's attention with the help of free semiotic resources, and graphic foregrounding, which has bound semiotic resources at its heart. The findings of the research prove that it is the combination of elements of stylistic, cognitive and linguo-semiotic analyses that might provide a new and effective methodology for interpreting a multimodal literary text. The overall outcome testifies to the importance of further research into varied mechanisms of foregrounding as a complex phenomenon essential for our better understanding of the embodied character of reading.
Sentiment Analysis on COVID-19 Twitter Data
Authors: Sadhu Srestha , Poddar Varsha , Paul Puja , Hansda Sheraly , Saha Rimpa , Chakraborty Angira , Paul Titiksha , Mondal Anushree
Published: January 2023

Corona virus first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China which eventuaUy lead to a catastrophic impact allover the world. The entire world had been fighting this pandemic and expressing their feelings, sharing their opinions on various social media platforms. Substantially Twitter
had been the better medium to express their opinion and share updates about the situation. This paper analyzes the sentiments of the public based on positive, negative, and neutral tweets. This analysis eventually helps in the prediction of the covid-19 situation in the world. The dataset
was collected from Kaggle which was uploaded by Gabriel Prada containing more than 1,70,000 tweets. Based on tbese tweets posted on Twitter a sentiment analysis was performed. Data Collecting, Data cleaning (Removing RL, #, @ and various types of punctuation), Tokenization, Stemming, removing
stop- words were performed, and to fmd the polarity, two types of analyzers were used that is TextBlob and Mmn. 1,79,108 tweets were manually analyzed and comparing it with both the analyzers shows Afmn is more accurate. To evaluate the accuracy a few Machine learning Algorithms had been applied
(Logistic Regression, aive Bayes, Decision Tree, and Linear Regression) for predicting the sentiment of the tweet.
Aplicação da Análise Fatorial para Determinação da Vulnerabilidade Hidrometeorológica para o Sub Médio São Francisco
Authors: Ataide Lorena Conceição Paiva de , Silva Madson Tavares , Serrão Edivaldo Afonso de Oliveira , Dantas Leydson Galvíncio , Almeida Gabio Stalin Soares , Campos João Hugo Baracuy da Cunha , Silva Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da , Silva Fabrício Daniel dos Santos
Published: January 2023

Resumo A vulnerabilidade dos recursos hídricos à curto e longo prazo está relacionada à diversos fatores como alterações no uso e cobertura da terra e mudanças climáticas. Dada a necessidade de mais informações para auxiliar na gestão da seca e no planejamento do uso da água no semiárido brasileiro, este trabalho segue duas linhas: (I) Analisar a variabilidade espaço-temporal das componentes hidroclimáticas da Bacia Hidrográfica do Submédio São Francisco; (II) Criar um índice de Vulnerabilidade Hídrica a partir da análise fatorial. Foram identificados dois fatores predominantes na bacia, solo e clima, os quais são constituídos por variáveis hidroclimaticas distribuídas espaço e temporalmente. Com o IVH, foi possível identificar as áreas que possuem o menor índice, ou seja, aquelas que são mais vulneráveis aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas, indicando que com a instabilidade no regime de chuvas deverá ocorrer menor recarga dos aquíferos, impedindo que, na época da estiagem, os reservatórios continuem a manter sua produção para o abastecimento, podendo ainda, apresentar riscos como aumento da temperatura e alterações no regime hídrico.
Trade-off Custo-Qualidade na Provisão de Saneamento Básico no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Welber Tomás de , Saiani Carlos César Santejo
Published: January 2023

Resumo Este estudo investigou a hipótese de existência de um trade-off custo-qualidade na provisão de serviços de saneamento básico (abastecimento de água) nos municípios brasileiros, que poderia ser acentuado por provedores privados e atenuado por provedores híbridos. Para isso, foram realizadas estimações em painel com dados municipais de 2008 a 2019. Como proxies para a qualidade não contratável, foram considerados indicadores de morbidade hospitalar devido a doenças associadas ao saneamento. Já como provisão híbrida, foram consideradas as sociedades de economia mista e as empresas públicas. Os resultados sinalizaram a existência do trade-off custo-qualidade, com os provedores híbridos o atenuando, mas não sendo acentuado pelos provedores privados; ou seja, a privatização não potencializa o problema. Além disso, os resultados sugeriram que o trade-off está associado a provedores regionais. Portanto, as evidências encontradas indicaram a importância de mecanismos, como a supervisão regulatória efetiva, que lidem com a resposta negativa da qualidade (saúde) a choques de custos independentemente da governança, dado que o trade-off custo-qualidade é observado em provedores públicos e híbridos.
LA VACUNACIÓN CONTRA COVID-19 EN EL PERÚ: Desigualdades y factores asociados.
Authors: Miranda-Soberón Ubaldo , Rio-Mendoza Jeny del , Pino-Arana Isabel , Carhuancho-Arango María , Beteta-Cabrera Luciana
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: buscar desigualdades en la vacunación con dos dosis, y su relación con variables sociales, económicas, casos y fallecidos. Métodos: Estudio ecológico exploratorio de fuente secundaria del Ministerio de Salud de Perú y Programa de las Naciones Unidas, de marzo 2020 a enero 2022. Resultados: Encontramos correlación positiva alta (p < 0,05) con el Índice de Competitividad Regional (r = 0,72), y el Índice de Densidad del Estado (r = 0,81); moderada con el Índice de Desarrollo Humano, médicos por 1000 habitantes, casos y fallecidos por 100 000. En las tres olas de pandemia, los más afectados fueron adultos mayores; fue más alta la tercera ola. La mortalidad disminuyó durante la vacunación en comparación con antes de ella; existió desigualdad con dos dosis entre las regiones. La curva de Lorenz expresó desigualdad con el número de dosis (GINI: Una dosis: 0,05, Dos dosis: 0,06, Tres dosis: 0,18). La curva de concentración presentó semejanza con la de Lorenz mediante el Índice de Competitividad Regional, a mayor dosis se incrementó la desigualdad (Una dosis: 0,05, dos dosis: 0,06, tres dosis: 0,16); igual sucedió con el Índice de Densidad del Estado (Una dosis: 0,05, dos dosis: 0,06, tres dosis: 0,17). Conclusión: Se encontró desigualdad en la vacunación entre las regiones, asociada con factores socioeconómicos en Perú.
'No Person Shall Sell Goods at an Unjust Profit': A Review of Consumer Price Controls in Southern Rhodesia, 1939-1949
Authors: Ganyaupfu T , Makombe E
Published: January 2023

This article explores the regime of consumer price controls instituted in Southern Rhodesia during World War II and continued in the post-war period up to 1949. The 'war effort' required the colony to change rapidly and tackle emerging shortages, bottlenecks, and general wartime disruptions. Southern Rhodesia responded to rising consumer prices and the spiralling cost of living by assembling price control officials, institutions, legislation and policies. Besides evaluating the immediate outcome of consumer price controls, the article also examines their socioeconomic impact. It argues that while the first few years saw some success in stabilising prices and curtailing price hikes, controls incentivised contravention and other unscrupulous practices as businesses sought to realise profits. Furthermore, controls sacrificed industrial competitiveness because businesses had little incentive to improve their production methods. On consumer price controls extended to Africans in this colonial society, the article argues that the measures were socially retrogressive because they slowed down the emergence of African business enterprises in rural areas while also stifling African wages in urban areas. Thus, while deliberately protecting white consumers, consumer price controls simultaneously enforced African under-consumption to maintain the settler colonial model.
Filtre uygulamaları için Polyamid 6.6 esaslı nanolif yapılı membranların elektrospinning yöntemi ile üretimi ve karakterizasyonu
Authors: GÜL Abdullah , TİYEK İsmail , ZOR Gökmen , YAZICI Nurullah
Published: January 2023

Çevre kirlenmelerinin en büyük sebebinin özellikle sanayi tesislerinde, üretim ve diğer amaçlarla kullanıldığından kirlenmiş olan suyun doğrudan boşaltım yerlerinden atmosfere bırakılması ve yeterli filtreleme yapılmamasından kaynaklandığı günümüzde açıkça bilinmektedir.

Su arıtımı ve filtrasyon sistemlerinde büyük bir öneme sahip olan membranların sanayi ve teknolojideki gelişmelere paralel olarak gün geçtikçe artan bir öneme sahip olacağı aşikardır. Bundan dolayı günümüzde araştırmacılar filtrasyon sisteminde daha çok yenilikçi olan nanolif esaslı membran yapılarına odaklanmışlardır. Araştırmalarda filtre üretilmesi için birçok polimer kullanılmakta olup polyamid esaslı olanlar en çok kullanılanlardandır.

Bu makalede polyamid 6.6 polimerinden nanolif yapılı membran üretimi yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada ilk olarak Polyamid-6.6 (PA66) polimeri 2-2-2 Trifloretilen (TFE) çözgen içerisinde ağırlıkça %5, %7 ve %10 oranlarında çözülerek üç farklı konsantrasyona sahip PA66 / TFE çözeltileri hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen bu çözeltiler kullanılarak nanoliflerin üretimi için yapılan ön denemeler neticesinde araştırma kapsamında elektrospinning yöntemiyle membran üretimi için en uygun üretim parametreleri saptanmıştır. Saptanan bu parametreler esas alınarak farklı beş nanolif membran yüzeyi üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen nano yapıdaki lif, Polyamid-6.6 esaslı nano yapılı membran malzemelerin yapısal karakterizasyonu için Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR), morfolojik karakter testleri için Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ve termal karaterizasyonu için de Termogravimetrik Analiz (TGA) ve Diferansiyel Taramalı Kalorimetre (DSC) analizleri yerine getirilmiştir.
Güç paylaşımlı hibrit elektrikli araçlar için Monte Carlo algoritması kullanarak öngörülü eşdeğer tüketim minimizasyon stratejisi
Authors: GÜL Merve Nur , YAZAR Ozan , COŞKUN Serdar , ZHANG Fengqi , Lİ Lin , ERSÖZ KAYA İrem
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışma, güç paylaşımlı bir hibrit elektrikli araç (HEA) için, Monte Carlo (MC) algoritmasına dayalı olarak tahmin edilen sürüş çevrimi hızlarını kullanan öngörülü eşdeğer tüketim minimizasyonu stratejisi (Ö-ETMS) önermektedir. Önerilen Ö-ETMS, enerji kaynakları arasındaki güç dağılımını en iyi şekilde belirlemek için MC algoritması tarafından tahmin edilen hız profillerinden tam olarak yararlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; MC tabanlı Ö-ETMS metodunu doğrulamak için, New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET), New York City Cycle (NYCC), California Unified Cycle (LA-92) ve tüm döngülerin kombinasyonu (ALL-CYC) çevrimleri kullanılmış; toplam yedi tekrarlı sürüş döngüsü altında bir dizi simülasyon çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. MC tabanlı Ö-ETMS stratejisi, standart ETMS ile karşılaştırılmıştır. NEDC çevriminde %6,01, WLTP çevriminde %9,09, UDDS çevriminde %6,33, HWFET çevriminde %5,14, NYCC çevriminde %1,96, LA-92 çevriminde %11,47 ve ALL-CYC çevriminde %7,92 oranla yakıt tasarrufu elde edilmiştir. Bu makaledeki sonuçlar, önerilen stratejinin yaygın olarak kullanılan temel yönteme kıyasla, rekabetçi bir yakıt tasarrufu sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Doğru akım raylı ulaşım sistemleri için rejeneratif eviricinin PID tabanlı kontrolü
Authors: CEYLAN Mahmut Çağrı , DASDEMİR Janset , DURSUN Ufuk , ÜSTOĞLU İlker
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada, doğru akım (DA) raylı ulaşım sistemlerinde rejeneratif enerji kazanımını gerçekleştiren şebeke bağlantılı üç fazlı evirici birimine yönelik yeni bir kontrol mekanizması önerilmiştir. DA raylı ulaşım sistemlerinde trenlerin frenleme sırasında üretmiş olduğu rejeneratif enerjiye bağlı olarak hat gerilimi hızlı şekilde değişebilmektedir. Hat gerilimindeki bu değişimlere hızlı cevap vermek amacıyla evirici birimi kontrol yapısı içerisinde, baskın kutup atama yöntemine göre tasarlanan bir oransal-integral-türevsel (PID) kontrolör kullanılmıştır. PID içerisinde yer alan türevsel etki ile sistem tepkisi hızlandırılmış böylelikle hat gerilimindeki değişimlere hızlı cevap verilmesi sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca literatürdeki sabit gerilim değerinde çalışmasını gerçekleştiren sistemlerden farklı olarak iki farklı gerilim değerini dikkate alan yeni bir çalışma stratejisi önerilmiştir. Böylece, evirici çalışma bölgesi artırılarak daha fazla rejeneratif enerji kazanımı ile enerji verimliliğine katkı sağlanmıştır. Son olarak, Matlab/Simulink ortamında gerçek bir sistemin ayrıntılı modeli oluşturulmuş ve önerilen yöntemin uygulanabilirliğini göstermek amacıyla PID tabanlı kontrol yapısının performansını PI tabanlı kontrol ile karşılaştıran benzetim çalışmaları sunulmuştur.
Montmorillonit bazlı nanokiller kullanılarak kristal viyolet boyar maddesinin sulu çözeltilerden giderimi: Kinetik ve denge çalışmaları
Authors: CİVAN ÇAVUŞOĞLU Ferda , BAYAZİT Şahika Sena , SALAM Mohamed Abdel
Published: January 2023

Son yıllarda özellikle arıtılmadan farklı sektörlerden deşarj edilen atıklar nedeniyle su kirliliği büyük bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Bunlar arasında tekstil, deri, kâğıt ve kozmetik sektörlerinin kullandığı çeşitli boya atıkları da bulunmaktadır. Kristal viyolet (CV) yaygın olarak bilinen katyonik bir boyadır ve genellikle endüstrilerde renklendirici olarak kullanılır. CV boyası 1 ppb'de olduğunda insanlar ve hayvanlar için toksik olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, endüstriyel atık suların deşarj edilmeden önce kristal viyoletden arıtılması çevre güvenliği için oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırma, kristal viyolet boyar maddesinın sulu çözeltilerden uzaklaştırılması için düşük maliyetli bir malzeme olarak iki farklı montmorillonit bazlı nanokilin (B1 ve B2) etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Nanokillerin yapısal karakterizasyonları FTIR ve TGA yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. CV adsorpsiyon prosesini etkileyebilecek tüm parametreler kesikli bir sistemde optimize edilmiştir. Adsorpsiyon prosesi üzerinde çeşitli faktörlerin (adsorban miktarı, temas süresi, çözelti pH’ı, farklı iyon etkisi, adsorpsiyon sıcaklığı, başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu) etkileri incelenmiştir. CV-nanokil adsorpsiyon sisteminin mekanizmasını araştırmak üzere yapılan deneylerde, adsorpsiyon kinetiğinin ve denge parametrelerinin, sırasıyla sözde ikinci dereceden kinetik modele ve Langmuir izoterm modeline daha iyi uyum sağladığını göstermiştir. B1 ve B2 adsorbanlarının maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri (qm) sırasıyla, 25oC'de 224,63 ve 45oC’de 360,30 mg/g olarak elde edilmiştir. Uygun yüzey ve CV iyon yükü kombinasyonu CV çözeltisinin düşük pH (≤7) değerlerinde elde edilmiştir. Yabancı iyon olarak NaCl iyonlarının varlığı, CV adsorpsiyon kapasitesini önemli ölçüde etkilememiştir. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, incelenen montmorillonit bazlı adsorbanların, CV boyasının giderilmesinde etkili ve uygun maliyetli adsorbanlar olduğu görülmüştür.
Effect of recombinant glycodelin on spleen structure in case of allogeneic bone marrow cells introduction
Authors: Troynich Ya. N. , Loginova N. P. , Zamorina S. A. , Raev M. B.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To study the effect of recombinant glycodelin (Mybiosource, Germany) on the morphofunctional state of the spleen in case of transplantation of the allogeneic red bone marrow cells to Wistar rats in dynamics of in vivo experiment. From the point of view of immunology, pregnancy is a physiologically conditioned state of the tolerance of mothers immune system to genetically foreign embryo. Glycodelin is a protein associated with pregnancy; it has an immunosuppressive effect and is perspective for medicine.

Materials and methods. The morphological picture of the organ was assessed; the following immunohistochemical indicators were studied: monoclonal antibodies to 1) CD68 for identification of macrophages, membrane staining; 2) Ki-67 for cells divided with mitosis and being in different phases of cellular cycle; 3) determination of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).

Results. When studying the histological slices of the spleen, it was shown that glycodelin against the background of allogeneic transplantation of the bone marrow contributes to the activation of immune system cells in the spleen, stimulates the proliferation of immune cells (Ki-67) and their differentiation that was manifested by an increase in the number of plasmacytes. By the end of the study, macrophage content is essentially reduced; eosinophil infiltration is verified that is an indirect positive sign of reaction to the transplant. Against the background of the bone marrow cells allotransplantation, there was observed an increase in M-CSF level in animals on the day 21st from the onset the experiment compared with the group of intact animals. Introduction of glycodelin against the background of BM cells allotransplantation caused the cancellation of this effect.

Conclusions. Thus, the action of glycodelin qualitatively determined the function of the spleen in direction of the development of a tolerant immune response to allogenate and excluded the development of severe post-transplantation complications.
Efficacy of enterosorption in treatment of Covid-19 in pregnant women
Authors: Romanovskaya A. V. , Mikhailova E. V. , Denisyuk N. E. , Tyapkina D. A.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To optimize the treatment of pregnant women with a moderate form of COVID-19 by including a sorbent in complex therapy.

Materials and methods. Pregnant women (n = 87) with a gestational term of 30 weeks or more were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 42) received standard treatment for COVID-19. Group 2 (n = 45) received an additional preparation of colloidal silicon dioxide. The following endotoxemia indicators were assessed: concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), medium mass molecules (MМM). The course of pregnancy and complications of childbirth were evaluated.

Results. At the peak stage of the disease, in patients of group 2 the level of МММ was 0,43 opt. units lower, CRP 7.1 mg / l lower, IL-6 2.3 ng / ml lower than in women of group 1.

Anemia, fetal growth retardation, threatening preterm birth, fetoplacental insufficiency, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios was diagnosed rarely in group 2; the average fetal weight was 256 g more, the average fetal height was 2.4 cm more than in group 1. In group 2, there were fewer children with moderate and severe asphyxia.

Conclusions. The addition of colloidal silicon dioxide to the standard treatment of pregnant women with a moderate form of COVID-19 helps to reduce the level of endogenous intoxication, which is manifested by positive dynamics.
Climate warming in the Russian North: biomedical aspect
Authors: Solomennyi A. P.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To summarize the data regarding the warming of climate in the Russian sector of the Arctic and the effect of this process on the population health.

Materials and methods. The search and review of official documents of the international organizations, Rosgidromet, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation and other institutions as well as scientific publications with experimental data on the situation and plan of actions in conditions of the current changes in the Arctic climate.

Results. The data presented show that Siberia and Arctic warm up more strongly than the other regions of the planet. The temperatures in these regions grow twice as faster than the world average ones.

Conclusions. The problems of negative consequences of climate warming for Perm Krai are urgent since Gainsky, Kosinsky and Kochevsky regions are officially included in the list of the territories of the Extreme North. In Perm Krai, there is possible an increase in the number of weather phenomena and risks for health associated with them.
Risk factors of maternal and failed maternal mortality, prediction of severe obstetric conditions
Authors: Berseneva S. N. , Isaeva N. V. , Padrul M. M. , Cherkasova E. V.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To determine the priority risk factors for maternal mortality (MM) and failed maternal mortality (FMM) on the basis of clinical and epidemiological features and to develop scientifically based patient-centered models for predicting severe obstetric conditions.

Materials and methods. Primary documentation of successful and dysfunctional maternal outcomes that occurred at the levels I, II, III of medical organizations in Perm and the territories of Perm Krai from 2007 to 2018. Using random sampling, two observation groups were formed: women with failed maternal mortality, deceased women and the control group. Analytical epidemiological "case-control" studies were carried out, which included the determination of confidence intervals, etiological accuracy using Epi Info and Excel 2016 MSO programs, a package of applied electronic tables Stat2015 of the author ( V.S. Sheludko, 20012016), the MedCalc 15.8 Portable program.

Results. Socio-behavioral, general somatic, obstetric-gynecological risk factors, the frequency of occurrence of which among women with failed maternal mortality was 1,44,3; 1,225,5; 1,17,6 times more often, and in the group of deceased mothers 1,99,0; 1,729,5; 2,89,0 times higher than in the group of healthy participants. The "indicators of maternal death" have been identified, which increase the risk of a failed maternal death turning into maternal death. Early clinical and laboratory signs of severe obstetric conditions are the following: high leukocyte intoxication index (LII), elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea and creatinine, decreased levels of fibrinogen, prothrombin index (PTI), prolongation of thrombin time (TT). Infectious-inflammatory, hypertensive complications, comorbidity, a high percentage of premature births and, accordingly, severe perinatal conditions are significantly more common in groups with unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions. In the course of the study, reliably significant risk factors were identified, on the basis of which scientifically based models for assessing the probability of developing critical obstetric conditions were worked out.
Blepharoplasty in Involutional Spastic Lower Lid Entropion
Authors: Ivolgina I. V.
Published: January 2023

Background. The eyelids are movable folds that protect the eyeball from external influences and carry out a supporting function. A misalignment of the eyelids can seriously effect on the ocular function.

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of spastic lower lid entropion.

Patients and methods. The results of treating patients with eyelid entropion for the period from 2014 to 2021 were analyzed — 66 people, 85 operations. All patients with eyelid entropion underwent a standard ophthalmological examination and additional studies, which revealed the presence of a spastic component. The pathogenetically substantiated methods of surgical treatment were performed.

Results and discussion. In all 69 cases, where operations were performed according to the Wheeler and Callahan method — the lower eyelid was in the correct position, changing the direction of tension of the circular muscle and the Riolan’s muscle, creating a duplicate of the muscles. The retractor was strengthened, which ensured the correct position of the eyelid. In 16 cases in recurrent entropion and the presence of blepharospasm caused by corneal changes, surgery was performed according to the Meek method. In the early period, in all cases, hyper effect was observed. In the late period, the hyper effect persisted in 4 cases (25.00 %), but the patients refused reoperation.

Conclusions. Determination of the parameters of the lower eyelid state during examination makes it possible to identify the reasons for the development of entropion, the presence of a spastic component MRI or CT examination allows assessing the condition of the eyelid retractor objectively. In patients with spastic entropion, Wheeler and Kallahan surgeries that eliminate the spastic component provide a stable result. In patients with spastic recurrent entropion, accompanied by blepharospasm, the Meek’s surgeries in all cases provide a stable result. The disadvantage of this operation is the presence of hyper effect in 100 % of cases in the early period, which persisted in the late postoperative period in 25 % of cases.
Features of Tonometric Indicators Obtained by the Corneal Biomechanical Properties Analyzer Using Corneal Imaging Technology CorVis ST, Oculus in Real Clinical Practice
Authors: Apostolova A. S. , Malyshev A. V. , Sergienko A. A. , Oparina A. E. , Slavova M. A.
Published: January 2023

Objective: to analyze the tonometric data, obtained with standard contactless tonometry and corneal-compensated tonometry, examined by the Oculus CorVis ST device in different groups of patients of the Tri-Z Krasnodar Clinic.

Patients and Methods. The study included 42 eyes of patients, with glaucoma — 55 %, with suspected glaucoma — 45 %, mean age — 63.19 ± 1.7 years, men were 20 (47.5 %), women — 22 (52.5 %), the central corneal thickness was 554.43 ± 5.28 microns. Corneal tomography and biomechanical parameters were measured using Pentacam (Oculus) and Corvus ST, respectively.

Results. IOP in people aged over 60 years was lower according to CorVis ST (Po 22.07 = 2.25, Pcс 18.63 ± 1.30, p = 0.007). IOP differed only in patients with a CCT of more than 580 µm (Po 22.4 ± 2.9, Pcc 18.21 ± 2.16, p = 0.012). IOP in patients with glaucoma was Ро 26.19 ± 3.5 and Рсс 21.3 ± 2.0, p = 0.008, without glaucoma — Ро 17.83 ± 9.60; Pсс 16.1 ± 5.5; p = 0.063. IOP in patients with compensated glaucoma Ро 17.34 ± 1.10, Pсс 16.6 ± 1.1, p = 0.354, with decompensated Ро 42.78 ± 6.8, Pсс 30.08 ± 4.10, p = 0.005. In the initial stage of glaucoma, Рo 22.5 ± 2.3, Рсс 20.0 ± 1.0, p = 0.297, in the advanced stage — Рo 20.7 ± 2.7, Рсс 17.6 ± 1.9, p = 0.027.

Conclusion. Standard non-contact tonometry can be used in persons aged under 60 years, persons without glaucoma and with initial compensated glaucoma. In all other cases, the Oculus CorVis ST values are more accurate.
Association of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in the Elderly with the Blood Complement System
Authors: Fabrikantov O. L. , Agarkov N. M. , Lev I. V. , Gurko T. S. , Nikolashin S. I.
Published: January 2023

A common complication of diabetes mellitus, mainly type 2, is diabetic retinopathy, among which the most unfavorable form for complete loss of vision is considered to be proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The participation of the complement system in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy is mainly devoted to experimental work on a limited number of blood complement components and without assessing their risk in the pathogenesis of the disease. The purpose of the study was to determine the association of components of the blood serum complement system with the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the elderly. In clinical conditions, 115 patients 60–74 years old suffering from proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 48 patients of the same age with the absence of this ophthalmopathology were examined. The components of the blood complement system were studied by enzyme immunoassay and hemolytic method. The relative risk of the influence of the complement components was calculated according to the generally accepted method. There was a statistically significant increase in the blood serum of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy of most components of the complement system, with the exception of the C1 ing. and C5 components. The content of the C3a component increased especially to 127.6 ± 4.7 ng / ml versus 30.4 ± 3.5 ng/ml in the control, the C5a component to 5.6 ± 0.5 ng/ml versus 2.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml, and factor H to 228.7 ± 4.9 versus 106.3 ± 3.8 mng / ml, respectively. The highest value of the relative risk among the studied components is inherent in the C3a component of the blood complement with a reliable confidence interval of 4,451–5,103. The development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the elderly is associated with an increased content of C3a, C5a components and factor H in the blood serum, which can be used to develop targeted therapy for this disease.
Modern Aspects of Use of Pirenoxine Eye Drops for the Treatment and Prevention of Cataracts in the Practice of an Ophthalmologist
Authors: Dobromyslov I. A.
Published: January 2023

One of the main causes of low vision and reversible blindness is cataract- clouding of the lens, one of the main causes of which is the degradation of transparent lens within natural aging. Despite the well-developed technology of cataract surgery, there are a number of factors that are increasing in the number of patients with age-related cataracts. The purpose of this review is to clarify the arsenal of an ophthalmologist, primarily an outpatient clinic, in terms of drug treatment and prevention of age-related cataracts, removing a number of issues and disclosing selected aspects devoted to the development and capabilities of eye drops Catalin® (pirenoxine). Being a small molecule Catalin® has scientifically justified and studied mechanism of action, the drug has been used in different regions for decades. The drug was developed in Japan by Senju Pharmaceutical Co, that manufactures it in Japan at its own plant in accordance with high quality standards. Catalin® eye drops are an original drug, they do not contain benzalkonium chloride and have a specific formulation. Pirenoxine eye drops has proven efficacy and safety shown within the number of clinical studies for the conservative treatment of age-related cataracts. The article provides data on clinical trials of pirenoxine conducted in Japan and Germany and their results obtained with the participation of several thousand patients. Periodic safety reports that include data from at least 1 million patients demonstrate the high safety profile of Catalin®. The data about the positive influence of Catalin® on the processes that are different from age-related cataract like the ability to slow down the development of presbyopia, reducing the frequency and severity of complications after cataract phacoemulsification and after vitrectomy is being discussed within the article. The role of Catalin® eye drops when waiting for planned surgical treatment of cataracts that might be delayed for a number of reasons is noted, as well as changing the status of the drug to OTC which makes it more accessible to patients.
The Clinical Experience of 22 Years Analysis of Therapeutic and Surgical Treatment of the Early Glaucoma
Authors: Мakashova N. V. , Vasilyeva A. E.
Published: January 2023

The article presents the clinical case of a 22-year follow-up of a patient with early glaucoma whose visual functions were stabilized during the first 12 years after trabeculectomy and during the next 10 years of therapeutic treatment due to poor compliance the disease progressed to advanced glaucoma. As a result, in 2021 there were pronounced changes in the visual field of the left eye, the main cause, probably, was a vascular accident against the background of low perfusion pressure and uncompensated IOP. After a thorough analysis and scrupulous selection of eyedrops, IOP was compensated with laser and instillation of Dortimol Antiglau, which showed the best results of tolerability and achievement of tolerant pressure. This article presents data from clinical and instrumental studies and analyzes factors reflecting the importance of assessing the level of compliance in reducing the glaucoma progression.
Investigation of the Effect of Life Skills Education Guidebook on the Development of Professional Knowledge Regarding Communication Skills
Authors: BEKAR Şeyma Nur , ER NAS Sibel , KİRMAN BİLGİN Arzu
Published: January 2023

Gaining communication skills, one of the life skills included in the science curriculum, plays an essential role in reducing the conflicts that may occur in individuals’ communication. The fact that pre-service science teachers have professional knowledge about this skill is an indication that they can teach this skill to their students. Based on this idea, the current research aims to examine the effect of the life skills education guidebook on the development of pre-service science teachers’ professional knowledge of communication skills. The simple experimental method with a single group pretest-posttest design was employed in the research. The research sample consists of 83 pre-service science teachers studying at a state university in the 2019-2020 academic year. The communication skills professional recognition test was used as the data collection tool. The data obtained were evaluated within the framework of the determined keywords and subjected to descriptive analysis. The pretest-posttest scores of the pre-service science teachers were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The test result shows that the life skills education guidebook positively affects the development of the third-grade pre-service science teacher’s professional knowledge about communication skills. The qualitative data obtained show that the professional knowledge of science teacher candidates regarding communication skills has increased from the level that needs to be developed to a weakly acceptable level. It has been revealed that the lack of prior professional knowledge of the pre-service teachers regarding communication skills makes it challenging to learn new professional knowledge.
Development of an alginate–gelatin bioink enhancing osteogenic differentiation by gelatin release
Authors: Kim Jueun , Choi Yeong-Jin , Gal Chang-Woo , Sung Aram , Park Honghyun , Yun Hui-Suk
Published: January 2023

Hydrogels are natural bioink options for cellular printing due to their high-water content and permeable three-dimensional (3D) polymeric structure, which are favorable for cellular anchoring and metabolic activities. To increase the functionality of hydrogels as bioinks, biomimetic components are often incorporated, such as proteins, peptides, and growth factors. In this study, we aimed to enhance the osteogenic activity of a hydrogel formulation by integrating both the release and retention of gelatin so that gelatin serves as both an indirect support for released ink component on cells nearby and a direct support for encapsulated cells inside a printed hydrogel, thereby fulfills two functions. Methacrylate-modified alginate (MAalginate) was chosen as the matrix because it has a low cell adhesion effect due to the absence of ligands. The gelatin-containing MA-alginate hydrogel was fabricated, and gelatin was found to remain in the hydrogel for up to 21 days. The gelatin remaining in the hydrogel had positive effects on encapsulated cells, especially on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The gelatin released from the hydrogel affected the external cells, showing more favorable osteogenic behavior than the control sample. It was also found that the MA-alginate/gelatin hydrogel could be used as a bioink for printing with high cell viability. Therefore, we anticipate that the alginate-based bioink developed in this study could potentially be used to induce osteogenesis in bone tissue regeneration.
Experimental study on repair of cartilage defects in the rabbits with GelMA-MSCs scaffold prepared by three-dimensional bioprinting
Authors: Pei Zijie , Gao Mingyang , Xing Junhui , Wang Changbao , Zhao Piqian , Zhang Hongtao , Qu Jing
Published: January 2023

Cartilage damage is a common orthopedic disease, which can be caused by sports injury, obesity, joint wear, and aging, and cannot be repaired by itself. Surgical autologous osteochondral grafting is often required in deep osteochondral lesions to avoid the later progression of osteoarthritis. In this study, we fabricated a gelatin methacryloylmarrow mesenchymal stem cells (GelMA-MSCs) scaffold by three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. This bioink is capable of fast gel photocuring and spontaneous covalent cross-linking, which can maintain high viability of MSCs and provide a benign microenvironment to promote the interaction, migration, and proliferation of cells. In vivo experiments, further, proved that the 3D bioprinting scaffold can promote the regeneration of cartilage collagen fibers and have a remarkable effect on cartilage repair of rabbit cartilage injury model, which may represent a general and versatile strategy for precise engineering of cartilage regeneration system.
Fiscal Rules and Economic Cycles: Quality (Always) Matters
Authors: Andrian Leandro Gaston , Valencia Oscar , Hirs Jorge , Urrea Rios Ivan Leonardo
Published: January 2023

Governments can issue public debt for both good and bad reasons. The former include intertemporal tax smoothing, fiscal stimulus, and asset management. In contrast, the bad reasons, which generate higher indebtedness, are mainly associated with political cycles, rent capture, intergenerational transfers, and common pool problems. Fiscal rules aim to eliminate the problem of time inconsistency of public finances and minimize debt accumulation by setting debt limits. Despite the theoretical relevance of fiscal rules and institutions to the proper management of fiscal processes in different countries, the evidence indicates mixed results regarding the effectiveness of this type of mechanism for fiscal performance. To understand the effect that fiscal rules have on public debt, this paper studies the effect of different types of rules on debt behavior and their differential effects with respect to the economic cycle. Using a dynamic panel, which enables us to control for endogeneity problems, and the use of a fiscal rule quality index (Schaechter et. al., 2012), this paper finds that fiscal rules only have a significant effect on the reduction of public debt during the positive side of the economic cycle if adequate institutional arrangements accompany them. Furthermore, only some types of fiscal rules (expenditure rules) show a significant effect during the negative part of the cycle. These results have relevant policy implications, as they underscore the importance of (1) developing institutional arrangements that promote the proper functioning of fiscal rules and (2) considering economic cycle asymmetries in order to ensure the appropriate operation of fiscal rules and the fulfillment of policy objectives.