bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wind Farm Location Special Optimization Based on Grid GIS and Choquet Fuzzy Integral Method in Dalian City, China
Authors: Cui Liang , Xu Ye , Xu Ling , Huang Guohe
Published: April 2021

Selecting an appropriate wind farm location must be specific to a particular administrative region, which involves restrictions balance and trade-offs. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) and GIS are widely used in wind energy planning, but have failed to achieve the selection of an optimal location and make it difficult to establish a set of independent factors. Fuzzy measurement is an effective method to evaluate intermediate synthesis and calculates the factor weight through fuzzy integrals. In this paper, optimal wind farm location is analyzed through coupling Grid GIS technique with λ fuzzy measure. Dalian City is selected as the study area for proving the feasibility of the proposed method. Typography, meteorological, transmission facilities, biological passage, and infrastructure are taken into the index system. All the indexes are specialized into victor grid cells which are taken as the base wind farm location alternative unit. The results indicate that the Grid GIS based λ fuzzy measure and Choquet fuzzy integral method could effectively deal with the special optimization problem and reflect optimal wind farm locations.
Czech Building Stock: Renovation Wave Scenarios and Potential for CO2 Savings until 2050
Authors: Lupíšek Antonín , Trubačík Tomáš , Holub Petr
Published: April 2021

One of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases is the operation of building stock. Improving its energy efficiency has the potential to significantly contribute to achieving climate change mitigation targets. The purpose of this study was to roughly estimate such potential for the operation of the national building stock of Czechia to steer the national debate on the development of related national plans. The estimation is based on a simplified energy model of the Czech building stock that consists of sub-models of residential and nonresidential building stocks, for which their future energy consumptions, shares of energy carriers and sources, and emission factors were modeled in four scenarios. Uncertainties from the approximation of the emission factors were investigated in a sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the operation of the Czech building stock in 2016 totaled 36.9 Mt CO2, which represented 34.6% of the total national carbon dioxide emissions. The four building stock scenarios could produce reductions in the carbon dioxide emissions of between 28% and 93% by 2050, when also considering on-side production from photovoltaics. The implementation of the most ambitious scenario would represent a drop in national CO2 yearly emissions by 43.2% by 2050 (compared to 2016).
Mediterranean Diet
Authors: Sikalidis Angelos K. , Kelleher Anita H. , Kristo Aleksandra S.
Published: April 2021

The Mediterranean diet is a food pattern incorporated into a set of lifestyle practices typical of Greece and Southern Italy in the early 1960s, where adult life expectancy was notably high, while rates of diet-related chronic diseases were low. The Mediterranean diet was described initially by the work of LG Allbaugh, commissioned by the Rockefeller foundation and the Greek government post-WW2 on the Greek island of Crete in 1948. The Mediterranean diet was accepted as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2013. The primary advantages of the Mediterranean diet include health benefits pertinent to cardiovascular, metabolic syndrome, and cognition.
The Roles of Calmodulin and CaMKII in Cx36 Plasticity
Authors: Zoidl Georg R. , Spray David C.
Published: April 2021

Anatomical and electrophysiological evidence that gap junctions and electrical coupling occur between neurons was initially confined to invertebrates and nonmammals and was thought to be a primitive form of synaptic transmission. More recent studies revealed that electrical communication is common in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), often coexisting with chemical synaptic transmission. The subsequent progress indicated that electrical synapses formed by the gap junction protein connexin-36 (Cx36) and its paralogs in nonmammals constitute vital elements in mammalian and fish synaptic circuitry. They govern the collective activity of ensembles of coupled neurons, and Cx36 gap junctions endow them with enormous adaptive plasticity, like that seen at chemical synapses. Moreover, they orchestrate the synchronized neuronal network activity and rhythmic oscillations that underlie the fundamental integrative processes, such as memory and learning. Here, we review the available mechanistic evidence and models that argue for the essential roles of calcium, calmodulin, and the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in integrating calcium signals to modulate the strength of electrical synapses through interactions with the gap junction protein Cx36.
Alteration of Iron Concentration in Alzheimer’s Disease as a Possible Diagnostic Biomarker Unveiling Ferroptosis
Authors: Ficiarà Eleonora , Munir Zunaira , Boschi Silvia , Caligiuri Maria Eugenia , Guiot Caterina
Published: April 2021

Proper functioning of all organs, including the brain, requires iron. It is present in different forms in biological fluids, and alterations in its distribution can induce oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. However, the clinical parameters normally used for monitoring iron concentration in biological fluids (i.e., serum and cerebrospinal fluid) can hardly detect the quantity of circulating iron, while indirect measurements, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, require further validation. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in brain iron metabolism, homeostasis, and iron imbalance caused by alterations detectable by standard and non-standard indicators of iron status. These indicators for iron transport, storage, and metabolism can help to understand which biomarkers can better detect iron imbalances responsible for neurodegenerative diseases.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pharmacogenetic Studies in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tziastoudi Maria , Pissas Georgios , Raptis Georgios , Cholevas Christos , Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Dounousi Evangelia , Stefanidis Ioannis , Theoharides Theoharis C.
Published: April 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global public health problem due to its high prevalence and morbidity. Although the treatment of nephrology patients has changed considerably, ineffectiveness and side effects of medications represent a major issue. In an effort to elucidate the contribution of genetic variants located in several genes in the response to treatment of patients with CKD, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available pharmacogenetics studies. The association between genotype distribution and response to medication was examined using the dominant, recessive, and additive inheritance models. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity was also performed. In total, 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which examined the association of 11 genes (16 polymorphisms) with the response to treatment regarding CKD. Among the 29 studies, 18 studies included patients with renal transplantation, 8 involved patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 3 studies included patients with lupus nephritis. The present meta-analysis provides strong evidence for the contribution of variants harbored in the ABCB1, IL-10, ITPA, MIF, and TNF genes that creates some genetic predisposition that reduces effectiveness or is associated with adverse events of medications used in CKD.
Modular Assembly of Ordered Hydrophilic Proteins Improve Salinity Tolerance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Guo Leizhou , Zhao Mingming , Tang Yin , Han Jiahui , Gui Yuan , Ge Jiaming , Jiang Shijie , Dai Qilin , Zhang Wei , Lin Min , Zhou Zhengfu , Wang Jin
Published: April 2021

Most late embryogenesis abundant group 3 (G3LEA) proteins are highly hydrophilic and disordered, which can be transformed into ordered α-helices to play an important role in responding to diverse stresses in numerous organisms. Unlike most G3LEA proteins, DosH derived from Dinococcus radiodurans is a naturally ordered G3LEA protein, and previous studies have found that the N-terminal domain (position 1–103) of DosH protein is the key region for its folding into an ordered secondary structure. Synthetic biology provides the possibility for artificial assembling ordered G3LEA proteins or their analogues. In this report, we used the N-terminal domain of DosH protein as module A (named DS) and the hydrophilic domains (DrHD, BnHD, CeHD, and YlHD) of G3LEA protein from different sources as module B, and artificially assembled four non-natural hydrophilic proteins, named DS + DrHD, DS + BnHD, DS + CeHD, and DS + YlHD, respectively. Circular dichroism showed that the four hydrophile proteins were highly ordered proteins, in which the α-helix contents were DS + DrHD (56.1%), DS + BnHD (53.7%), DS + CeHD (49.1%), and DS + YLHD (64.6%), respectively. Phenotypic analysis showed that the survival rate of recombinant Escherichia coli containing ordered hydrophilic protein was more than 10% after 4 h treatment with 1.5 M NaCl, which was much higher than that of the control group. Meanwhile, in vivo enzyme activity results showed that they had higher activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, lactate dehydrogenase and less malondialdehyde production. Based on these results, the N-terminal domain of DosH protein can be applied in synthetic biology due to the fact that it can change the order of hydrophilic domains, thus increasing stress resistance.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oat Beta-Glucans in a Crohn’s Disease Model: Time- and Molar Mass-Dependent Effects
Authors: Żyła Ewa , Dziendzikowska Katarzyna , Kamola Dariusz , Wilczak Jacek , Sapierzyński Rafał , Harasym Joanna , Gromadzka-Ostrowska Joanna
Published: April 2021

Background: The incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) is increasing worldwide, and it has currently become a serious public health issue in society. The treatment of CD continues throughout a patient’s lifetime, and therefore, it is necessary to develop new, effective treatment methods, including dietotherapy. The present study aimed to determine the effects of consumption of oat beta-glucans with different molar mass on colon inflammation (colitis) in the early stages of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced CD in an animal model. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats (control and TNBS-induced CD) were divided into three dietary groups and fed for 3 days (reflecting acute inflammation) or 7 days (reflecting remission) with a feed containing 1% low (βGl) or high (βGh) molar mass oat beta-glucan or a feed without this polysaccharide. The level of colon inflammatory markers and the expression of cytokines and their receptor genes were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR methods, respectively. Results: Acute inflammation or remission (3 or 7 days after TNBS administration, respectively) stages of experimentally induced CD were characterized by an increase in the level of inflammatory markers (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, CRP, MPO, COX, and PGE2) and the disruption of some cytokine signaling pathways as well as macro- and microscopic changes of colon tissue. The consumption of oat beta-glucans reduced the level of inflammatory markers and recovered the signaling pathways and histological changes, with stronger effects of βGl after 7 days of colitis. Conclusions: Dietary oat beta-glucans can reduce colitis at the molecular and organ level and accelerate CD remission.
Bifunctional Metamaterials Using Spatial Phase Gradient Architectures: Generalized Reflection and Refraction Considerations
Authors: Danila Octavian , Manaila-Maximean Doina
Published: April 2021

We report the possibility of achieving normal-incidence transmission at non-normal incidence angles using thin interfaces made of metasurface structures with an appropriately-designed positive spatial phase distributions. The reported effect represents a consequence of generalized reflection and refraction, which, although having been studied for discovering exotic effects such as negative refraction, to the best of our knowledge fails to address normal incidence conditions in positive phase distribution and its underlying consequences. Normal-incidence conditions can be angle-tuned by modifying the vales of the phase distribution gradients. Furthermore, for configurations around the normal-incidence angles, the metasurface will exhibit a bifunctional behavior—either divergent or convergent. All these properties are essential for applications such as optical guiding in integrated optics, wave front sensing devices, polarization controllers, wave front-to-polarization converters, holographic sensors, and spatially-resolved polarization measurement.
Methodology for the Quality Control Process of Additive Manufacturing Products Made of Polymer Materials
Authors: Budzik Grzegorz , Woźniak Joanna , Paszkiewicz Andrzej , Przeszłowski Łukasz , Dziubek Tomasz , Dębski Mariusz
Published: April 2021

The objective of this publication is to present a quality control methodology for additive manufacturing products made of polymer materials, where the methodology varies depending on the intended use. The models presented in this paper are divided into those that are manufactured for the purpose of visual presentation and those that directly serve the needs of the manufacturing process. The authors also a propose a comprehensive control system for the additive manufacturing process to meet the needs of Industry 4.0. Depending on the intended use of the models, the quality control process is divided into three stages: data control, manufacturing control, and post-processing control. Research models were made from the following materials: RGD 720 photopolymer resin (PolyJet method), ABS M30 thermoplastic (FDM method), E-Partial photopolymer resin (DLP method), PLA thermoplastic (FFF method), and ABS thermoplastic (MEM method). The applied measuring tools had an accuracy of at least an order of magnitude higher than that of the manufacturing technologies used. The results show that the PolyJet method is the most accurate, and the MEM method is the least accurate. The findings also confirm that the selection of materials, 3D printing methods, and measurement methods should always account not only for the specificity and purpose of the model but also for economic aspects, as not all products require high accuracy and durability.
Correction: Liu et al. The EFP Formation and Penetration Capability of Double-Layer Shaped Charge with Wave Shaper. Materials 2020, 13, 4519
Authors: Liu Yakun , Yin Jianping , Wang Zhijun , Zhang Xuepeng , Bi Guangjian
Published: April 2021

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Increasing Vegetable Diversity Consumption Impacts the Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in School-Aged Children
Authors: de Castro Mendes Francisca , Paciência Inês , Rufo João Cavaleiro , Farraia Mariana , Silva Diana , Padrão Patrícia , Delgado Luís , Garcia-Larsen Vanessa , Moreira André , Moreira Pedro
Published: April 2021

Evidence about the impact of vegetable and fruit diversity consumption on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning is scarce. In this cross-sectional study (513 participants, 49.9% girls aged 7 to 12 years), we evaluated the association between vegetable and fruit diversity consumption and the ANS in school-aged children. Dietary intake was collected using a single 24-h recall questionnaire. Fruit and vegetable diversity consumption was estimated by summing up all the different individual vegetables and fruits consumed in one day. Pupillometry was used to assess pupillary light response, which evaluated the ANS activity. Adjusted linear regressions estimated the association between vegetable and fruit diversity consumption with pupillary light response measures. There was a positive and significant association between vegetable diversity consumption and the average dilation velocity, a measure related to the sympathetic nervous system activity (β-coefficient = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.002; 0.07). Our findings show that vegetable diversity consumption is associated with the ANS response, a possible early link between diet and health in school-aged children.
Can Mixed Strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Reduce Eczema in Infants under Three Years of Age? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Minghui , Luo Jing , Liu Hanmei , Xi Yue , Lin Qian
Published: April 2021

(1) Background: Whether early supplementation of probiotics to improve intestinal flora can effectively prevent eczema remains a controversial issue. We aimed to investigate the effect of a mixed strain of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on eczema in infants under three years old at present; (2) Methods: We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, as well as National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WeiPu (VIP), and WanFang Data (WanFang) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotics in the prevention of eczema in infants without language restriction. The main outcome was eczema incidence, while adverse events during the intervention constituted the secondary outcome. The random-/fixed-effects model was utilized to calculate the combined relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The methodological quality of the study was evaluated using the Cochrane “bias risk” tool. According to the initial intervention time, subgroup analysis was carried out, follow-up time, family history, etc.; (3) Results: Nine articles were selected (2093 infants). The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium mixed strain could prevent eczema in infants under three years of age compared to the placebo (RR = 0.60; I2 = 67%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the mixture of two probiotic strains had preventive effects on both infants with positive (RR = 0.53; I2 = 52%; p < 0.001) and negative (RR = 0.69; I2 = 62%; p = 0.02) family history; The follow-up time for ≤12 months (RR = 0.65; I2 = 12%; p = 0.01) and 12–24 months (RR = 0.60; I2 = 79%; p = 0.003), daily dose of probiotics ≤ 1 × 109 and > 1 × 109 colony forming units all can be effective (p < 0.01); Compared with the intervention of infants alone (RR = 0.63; I2 = 63%; p = 0.29), the effect of probiotics mixture at the beginning of pregnancy was more significant (RR = 0.59; I2 = 71%; p < 0.001); Except for the mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) (p = 0.18), other subgroups of intervention group can play a preventive effect (p < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: The mixed strain of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can effectively reduce the incidence of eczema in infants under three years old. However, further research is needed to fully understand the exact mechanism of their effect on infant eczema.
Stereolithography Apparatus Evolution: Enhancing Throughput and Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Formulation Development
Authors: Curti Carlo , Kirby Daniel J. , Russell Craig A.
Published: April 2021

Pharmaceutical applications of 3D printing technologies are growing rapidly. Among these, vat photopolymerisation (VP) techniques, including Stereolithography (SLA) hold much promise for their potential to deliver personalised medicines on-demand. SLA 3D printing offers advantageous features for pharmaceutical production, such as operating at room temperature and offering an unrivaled printing resolution. However, since conventional SLA apparatus are designed to operate with large volumes of a single photopolymer resin, significant throughput limitations remain. This, coupled with the limited choice of biocompatible polymers and photoinitiators available, hold back the pharmaceutical development using such technologies. Hence, the aim of this work was to develop a novel SLA apparatus specifically designed to allow rapid and efficient screening of pharmaceutical photopolymer formulations. A commercially available SLA apparatus was modified by designing and fabricating a novel resin tank and build platform able to 3D print up to 12 different formulations at a single time, reducing the amount of sample resin required by 20-fold. The novel SLA apparatus was subsequently used to conduct a high throughput screening of 156 placebo photopolymer formulations. The efficiency of the equipment and formulation printability outcomes were evaluated. Improved time and cost efficiency by 91.66% and 94.99%, respectively, has been confirmed using the modified SLA apparatus to deliver high quality, highly printable outputs, thus evidencing that such modifications offer a robust and reliable tool to optimize the throughput and efficiency of vat photopolymerisation techniques in formulation development processes, which can, in turn, support future clinical applications.
Testing of a Polarimetric Current Sensor in the Frequency Domain
Authors: Torbus Sławomir Andrzej , Michalski Jacek Andrzej
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes an original model of a polarimetric current sensor, in which the measuring coil was made of a single mode telecommunication optical fiber ITU-T G.652, G.653, G.655, and G.657. This sensor was subjected to the commercialization process, which was carried out by a company combining the functionality of a technology transfer center with the capabilities of the Startit Fund Sp. z o.o. The published results included the analysis of the implementation readiness, the analysis of the market potential, the valuation of the industrial property rights of the invention and indicated further directions of scientific research on the sensor, which include the frequency analysis of measurement signals. This prompted the conduct of relevant scientific research. In this paper, the idea of measurement of current using polarimetric current sensor with optical fiber coil has been briefly characterized. It shows the definition and basic properties of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). It discusses the technique of determining the value of each harmonic of signal at the input and output of polarimetric current sensor. The value of measurement errors and total harmonic distortion (THD) have been calculated. The general conclusions for disturbances in the processing realized in polarimetric current sensor have been formulated. In addition, the impact of the molar concentration of the dopant GeO2 in the core of the single mode telecommunication optical fibers and the impact of the number of turns of the measuring coil on the distortion accompanying the process of processing have been determined. Therefore, it can be concluded that the key result obtained during the research is the confirmation of the fact that single mode telecommunication optical fibers can be used to build the measuring coil of a polarimetric sensor used for measuring alternating currents. This means that the considered sensor, when measuring this type of currents, does not introduce additional distortions and distortions of their waveforms.
A Quasi-Static Quantitative Ultrasound Elastography Algorithm Using Optical Flow
Authors: Lamprecht Raphael , Scheible Florian , Semmler Marion , Sutor Alexander
Published: April 2021

Ultrasound elastography is a constantly developing imaging technique which is capable of displaying the elastic properties of tissue. The measured characteristics could help to refine physiological tissue models, but also indicate pathological changes. Therefore, elastography data give valuable insights into tissue properties. This paper presents an algorithm that measures the spatially resolved Young’s modulus of inhomogeneous gelatin phantoms using a CINE sequence of a quasi-static compression and a load cell measuring the compressing force. An optical flow algorithm evaluates the resulting images, the stresses and strains are computed, and, conclusively, the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio are calculated. The whole algorithm and its results are evaluated by a performance descriptor, which determines the subsequent calculation and gives the user a trustability index of the modulus estimation. The algorithm shows a good match between the mechanically measured modulus and the elastography result—more precisely, the relative error of the Young’s modulus estimation with a maximum error 35%. Therefore, this study presents a new algorithm that is capable of measuring the elastic properties of gelatin specimens in a quantitative way using only the image data. Further, the computation is monitored and evaluated by a performance descriptor, which measures the trustability of the results.
Research on the Cooperative Detection of Stochastic Resonance and Chaos for Weak SNR Signals in Measurement While Drilling
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Fei , Zhang Nan , Huo Aiqing
Published: April 2021

In the process of drilling, severe downhole vibration causes attitude measurement sensors to be erroneous; the errors will accumulate gradually during the inclination calculation. As a result, the ultimate well path could deviate away from the planned trajectory. In order to solve this problem, this paper utilized the stochastic resonance (SR) and chaos phase transition (CPT) produced by the second-order Duffing system to identify the frequency and estimate the parameters of the signal during measurement while drilling. Firstly, the idea of a variable-scale is introduced in order to reconstruct the frequency of the attitude measurement signal, and an SR frequency detection model based on a scale transformation Duffing system is established in order to meet the frequency limit condition of the SR. Then, an attitude measurement signal with a known frequency value is input into the Duffing chaos system, and the scale transformation is used again to make the frequency value meet the parameter requirement of chaos detection. Finally, two Duffing oscillators with different initial phases of their driving signal are combined in order to estimate the amplitude and phase parameters of the measurement signal by using their CPT characteristics. The results of the laboratory test and the field-drilling data demonstrated that the proposed algorithm has good immunity to the interference noise in the attitude measurement sensor, improving the solution accuracy of the inclination in a severe noise environment and thus ensuring the dynamic stability of the well trajectory.
Earthquake Damage Assessment Based on User Generated Data in Social Networks
Authors: Ahadzadeh Sajjad , Malek Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2021

Natural disasters have always been one of the threats to human societies. As a result of such crises, many people will be affected, injured, and many financial losses will incur. Large earthquakes often occur suddenly; consequently, crisis management is difficult. Quick identification of affected areas after critical events can help relief workers to provide emergency services more quickly. This paper uses social media text messages to create a damage map. A support vector machine (SVM) machine-learning method was used to identify mentions of damage among social media text messages. The damage map was created based on damage-related tweets. The results showed the SVM classifier accurately identified damage-related messages where the F-score attained 58%, precision attained 56.8%, recall attained 59.25%, and accuracy attained 71.03%. In addition, the temporal pattern of damage and non-damage tweets was investigated on each day and per hour. The results of the temporal analysis showed that most damage-related messages were sent on the day of the earthquake. The results of our research were evaluated by comparing the created damage map with official intensity maps. The findings showed that the damage of the earthquake can be estimated efficiently by our strategy at multispatial units with an overall accuracy of 69.89 at spatial grid unit and Spearman’s rho and Pearson correlation of 0.429 and 0.503, respectively, at the spatial county unit. We used two spatial units in this research to examine the impact of the spatial unit on the accuracy of damage assessment. The damage map created in this research can determine the priority of the relief workers.
The Impact of High-Speed Railway on China’s Regional Economic Growth Based on the Perspective of Regional Heterogeneity of Quality of Place
Authors: Lin Shanlang , Dhakal Prithvi Raj , Wu Zhaowei
Published: April 2021

Transport enables trade between people, which is essential for the development of civilizations. Transport is a crucial necessity for specialization, allowing production and consumption of products to occur at different locations. High-speed rail (HSR) allows the flow of people between regions, cities, countries. With rapid global development in HSR technology for passenger transportation, it plays a vital role in transportation systems. The improvement of the quality of cities with different emphasis will bring different economic development results. Therefore, exploring the impact of high-speed railways and quality of place on economic development is necessary. This paper takes the prefecture-level city with a high-speed railway opened in 2008–2013 as the research sample and takes other prefecture-level cities in the country as the control group. The study findings revealed that employment, investment in fixed assets, average wage, and higher education institute significantly affect China’s regional economic growth. Institute of higher education reflects the negative effect on the regional economic growth whereas the employment, investment in fixed assets, and average wage rate positively impact it. Based on the results, it can be concluded that China’s regional economy is significantly affected by its quality.
Associations between Work Resources and Work Ability among Forestry Professionals
Authors: Pursio Hannu , Siukola Anna , Savinainen Minna , Kosonen Hanna , Huhtala Heini , Nygård Clas-Håkan
Published: April 2021

Globalization and structural changes in forestry have changed the content and operating practices of timber harvesting. Furthermore, digitization and new forms of work organization have changed work characteristics, requirements and resources. The importance of knowledge and competence, and the management of new technology, are emphasized more. The purpose of this study was to find out how work resource factors are related to the work ability of forest machine entrepreneurs and drivers. The research material was collected in 2018 through an online survey involving 322 professionals in the timber harvesting industry, 87 forest machine entrepreneurs and 235 forest machine drivers. The Mann-Whitney U-test and logistic regression analysis have been used for statistical analysis. Effective work organization and social support from co-workers, as well as the perceived meaningfulness of one’s work, were resources that increased the likelihood of good work ability. Based on our results, good management may enhance work resources, and by developing work it is possible to support employee ability amid the pressures of change inherent to a competitive commercial environment and new forms of work.
Teleworking as an Eco-Innovation for Sustainable Development: Assessing Collective Perceptions during COVID-19
Authors: Loia Francesca , Adinolfi Paola
Published: April 2021

Due to the spread of COVID-19, new challenges and opportunities for business innovation have emerged, including the way work is organized and designed. In particular, pandemic created the conditions for the most extensive mass teleworking experiment in history. While there is a wide literature on the effects of teleworking as a business innovation, mainly from an environmental perspective, there are few studies investigating the public perceptions regarding teleworking and, in particular, studies that draw from social media analyses. Based on these considerations, a big data analysis has been carried out in order to frame the public perceptions about teleworking on Twitter. The six-months sentiment analysis of about 11,000 tweets shows that the ecological value of telework is not perceived by people; surprisingly, in a pandemic context of growing ecological concern, there is no significant evidence of environmental awareness in relation to teleworking. However, the positive and negative concepts which emerge in relation to teleworking and similar terms can be assimilated to the benefits and pitfalls highlighted in the literature, which are related to economic or social sustainability. This has important implications for practice in organizations employing teleworking, which are highlighted in the conclusion, together with the limitations and future research avenues.
Stem Cell-Derived Viral Antigen-Specific T Cells Suppress HIV Replication and PD-1 Expression on CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Haque Mohammad , Lei Fengyang , Xiong Xiaofang , Ren Yijie , Peng Hao-Yun , Wang Liqing , Kumar Anil , Das Jugal Kishore , Song Jianxun
Published: April 2021

The viral antigen (Ag)-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), i.e., PSC-CTLs, have the ability to suppress the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. After adoptive transfer, PSC-CTLs can infiltrate into the local tissues to suppress HIV replication. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the viral Ag-specific PSC-CTLs elicit the antiviral response remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we generated the functional HIV-1 Gag epitope SL9-specific CTLs from the induced PSC (iPSCs), i.e., iPSC-CTLs, and investigated the suppression of SL9-specific iPSC-CTLs on viral replication and the protection of CD4+ T cells. A chimeric HIV-1, i.e., EcoHIV, was used to produce HIV replication in mice. We show that adoptive transfer of SL9-specific iPSC-CTLs greatly suppressed EcoHIV replication in the peritoneal macrophages and spleen in the animal model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the adoptive transfer significantly reduced expression of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells in the spleen and generated persistent anti-HIV memory T cells. These results indicate that stem cell-derived viral Ag-specific CTLs can robustly accumulate in the local tissues to suppress HIV replication and prevent CD4+ T cell exhaustion through reduction of PD-1 expression.
Evaluation of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes Competence to Oropouche virus Infection
Authors: de Mendonça Silvana F. , Rocha Marcele N. , Ferreira Flávia V. , Leite Thiago H. J. F , Amadou Siad C. G. , Sucupira Pedro H. F. , Marques João T. , Ferreira Alvaro G. A. , Moreira Luciano A.
Published: April 2021

The emergence of new human viral pathogens and re-emergence of several diseases are of particular concern in the last decades. Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV) is an arbovirus endemic to South and Central America tropical regions, responsible to several epidemic events in the last decades. There is little information regarding the ability of OROV to be transmitted by urban/peri-urban mosquitoes, which has limited the predictability of the emergence of permanent urban transmission cycles. Here, we evaluated the ability of OROV to infect, replicate, and be transmitted by three anthropophilic and urban species of mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus. We show that OROV is able to infect and efficiently replicate when systemically injected in all three species tested, but not when orally ingested. Moreover, we find that, once OROV replication has occurred in the mosquito body, all three species were able to transmit the virus to immunocompromised mice during blood feeding. These data provide evidence that OROV is restricted by the midgut barrier of three major urban mosquito species, but, if this restriction is overcome, could be efficiently transmitted to vertebrate hosts. This poses a great risk for the emergence of permanent urban cycles and geographic expansion of OROV to other continents.
EL MÉTODO COMPARADO COMO COMPONENTE METODOLÓGICO EN LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Altamirano-Santiago Mijael , Martínez-Mendoza Abigail
Published: April 2021

Objetivo. Exponer de la valía del método comparado como elemento base para la gestación, elaboración y ejecución de políticas públicas en las diversas esferas de la acción gubernamental. Método. Detallar el significado del método comparado y su uso como principal herramienta en los trabajos académicos (o de investigación) que se adscriben en la subdisciplina de las políticas públicas. Resultado. Se desataca que en los diferentes ámbitos de las políticas públicas no es limitativo el uso del método comparado. Conclusión. Se observa que el estudio de casos —una de las vertientes del método comparado— tiene mayor uso en los trabajos académicos (o de investigación); contrario, a lo que acontece en la formación de los educandos en donde el método comparado en sus vertientes (el estudio de casos y el estudio de caso) cobran relevancia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
ON THE ESSENCE AND LEGAL NATURE OF THE FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Tishchenko V. , Belik L. , Samoilenko O. , Tishchenko Yu.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of aspects of the essence and legal nature of forensic examination in criminal proceedings.
It is analyzed the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Examination”.
The norms of the Criminal Procedure Code concerning the grounds for the appointment and conduct of forensic examination have been investigated.
It has been established that many scientists in the field of civil procedural law, criminal procedural law, criminology and forensic examination paid attention to the legal content of the forensic examination.
The nature of occurrence of forensic examination has been investigated.
It has been established that at the legislative level, the term “forensic expert activity” is used only in the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Examination”.
In the specified normative legal act there is no clear definition of this concept, scientists through the analysis of some norms of law reveal its content.
Regarding the definition of the concept of forensic examination, it has been established that there is no consensus in legal science.
Regarding the definition of the concept of forensic examination, it has been established that there is no consensus in legal science.
The article analyzes the criminal procedure form of appointing a forensic examination.
Key words: forensic examination, criminal proceedings, forensic expert activity, forensic expertology, criminal procedural form.
Ecological Aesthetics of Intimate Otherness in Swedish Trans Cinema
Authors: Straube Wibke
Published: April 2021

This article is an exploration of trans and non-binary representation in independent Swedish film productions. Two award-winning films, Pojktanten (She Male Snails, 2012) and Nånting måste gå sönder (Something Must Break, 2014), created by director Ester Martin Bergsmark (in collaboration with author Eli Levén), will be in focus and discussed through their ecological aesthetics that build on what I call intimate otherness. The two films represent not only a significant debut moment for Swedish trans cinema, but also offer a radical engagement with nature and the unnatural. While Bergsmark’s films incite a vivid aestheticisation of environmental pollution, ranging from items of garbage in the forest to untidyrooms, unwashed clothes, and dirty bathing water, the films’ ecological aesthetics, as I argue, imagine an enchanted space in which the trans body emerges as livable. Historically reduced to an “unnatural” and “contaminated” embodiment, trans bodies in the films form an intimate otherness with non-human objects and landscapes at the urban peripheries, at the margins of normativity and productivity. The films’ ecological aesthetics shift gender non-conformity from “unnatural” into a possibility. These aesthetics, I suggest, unfold into a gender-dissident´ landscape of rebellious and poetic, intimate otherness.
Siguiendo la trayectoria de los forasteros y sus caciques. La población indígena de Jujuy y sus autoridades en la revisita 1785-1786
Authors: Sica Gabriela
Published: April 2021

La promulgación de la Real Ordenanza de Intendencias en 1782 y la creación de las Intendencias de Salta y Córdoba del Tucumán les permitieron a las autoridades borbónicas un mejor control de la población indígena tributaria que vivía en dicho espacio. Su estudio ha dado lugar a un conocimiento más acabado de dicha población, entre la cual se encontraban forasteros en distintas regiones. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar algunos aspectos de la primera revisita realizada en Jujuy por el juez Joseph Medeiro en 1785-1786. Para ello, enfocaremos en dos aspectos principales: los lugares geográficos en que fueron registrados originarios y forasteros y las autoridades indígenas consignadas en la fuente, especialmente la presencia y función de los caciques cobradores. Los datos de la revisita, junto con fuentes complementarias, nos ayudan a precisar cuáles fueron esos espacios y a caracterizar las diferentes situaciones en las que se encontraba la población indígena forastera y originaria de Jujuy.
El hispanismo norteamericano a través de la colección de objetos: William H. Prescott (1796-1859) y sus calaveras aztecas
Authors: Gerassi-Navarro Nina
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo analiza la relación entre los objetos y la reconstrucción historiográfica en la Historia de la conquista de México (1843) del hispanista norteamericano William H. Prescott. Entre los objetos que componen su vasto archivo documental, se encuentran dos cráneos indígenas que encargó de México. Influenciado por el auge de la craneología a principios del siglo XIX, el interés en las calaveras tenía una doble función: sustentar su narrativa histórica sobre las culturas pre-hispánicas y contribuir a un proyecto científico más vasto. Al analizar cómo se entrecruzan los discursos científicos e historiográficos durante los inicios del hispanismo norteamericano, este artículo explora cómo un objeto ayuda a definir una cultura, y muestra cómo la historia de los objetos y sus transformaciones son inseparables del discurso que los nombra.
Sobre desigualdades y diferencias
Authors: Jelin Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Uno de los ejes del pensamiento social feminista es el vínculo entre las desigualdades de género (subordinación, demandas de igualdad y de emancipación, etcétera) y otras desigualdades sociales (de clase, étnicas y raciales, de nacionalidades y edades, con todas sus jerarquías de poder). En una perspectiva de historia de las ideas, este artículo rastrea los aportes teóricos al análisis de las relaciones entre clases sociales y género en el capitalismo, trayendo a la actualidad los modelos analíticos de Heleieth Saffioti y de Isabel Larguía y John Dumoulin, desarrollados los años sesenta y setenta del siglo pasado. Analizar ese pensamiento y traerlo al ámbito de los debates contemporáneos es un ejercicio de memoria personal y un intento de transmisión de ideas y de protagonistas que, por motivos que superan este texto, han sido silenciadas y quizás hasta olvidadas en el pensamiento actual. La noción de interseccionalidad, a menudo presentada como una gran novedad contemporánea, puede ganar mucho si se buscan sus hondas raíces en estas pensadoras pioneras.
Dossier: Género, sexualidades políticas y políticas sexuales: enlaces regionales y transnacionales (de la Guerra Fría al presente)
Authors: D´Antonio Débora
Published: April 2021

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Género, afectos y emociones en la literatura argentina del siglo XIX
Authors: Crespo Natalia , Vicens María
Published: April 2021

En su libro Intimidades congeladas. Las emociones en el capitalismo, Eva Illouz propone pensar el siglo XXI como la era del achatamiento emocional, la mercantilización de los afectos privados y la sentimentalización de la esfera política. Disciplinar el afecto en nombre del capitalismo neoliberal trae aparejado, según Illouz, un capitalismo emocional. Al contrario de lo que ocurre en la actualidad, la literatura del siglo XIX (al menos, la que hoy pervive de él) cultiva la exaltación emocional para narrar un mundo moderno en construcción donde el sujeto está en el centro de la escena, de la mano del romanticismo, el individualismo burgués y el nacionalismo. En el caso argentino, esta exaltación tuvo particular arraigo: el protagonismo de las emociones en nuestros clásicos decimonónicos configura un imaginario nacional cruzado de pasiones y desbordes, sobre todo, políticos. Basta pensar en la imagen del joven unitario explotando de rabia en la casilla del matadero, ante la amenaza de una práctica de violencia sexual con la que se somete, amedrenta y humilla a los adversarios políticos, para entender hasta qué punto, en las emociones y sus excesos, se traman los conflictos, los sujetos y las identidades de nuestra literatura.
Una trayectoria feminista. Entrevista a Graciela Morgade
Authors: Daich Deborah , Cano Virginia
Published: April 2021

Graciela Morgade es Doctora en Educación (UBA), Master en Ciencias Sociales y Educación (FLACSO) y Licenciada en Ciencias de la Educación (UBA). Docente de grado y posgrado, es también investigadora y especialista en Educación Sexual Integral con enfoque de Género y Derechos Humanos. Fue la primera mujer votada como decana en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UBA, y también nuestra primera decana feminista. 

Nos encontramos en su despacho del Ministerio de Educación de la Nación, donde se desempeña actualmente como Subsecretaria de Participación y Democratización Educativa. Siempre generosa, nos recibió este febrero de 2020 para compartir con nosotras algo de su historia y su trayectoria intelectual, biográfica y política. 

Recuperar la trayectoria de nuestras colegxs, compañerxs y maestrxs resulta una tarea fundamental para la construcción siempre colectiva de nuestras memorias feminista y disidentes. Graciela Morgade es, a nuestro entender, una pieza clave en el ejercicio de desplegar una política de la memoria institucional y académica.
“Vamos, déjese querer”. Afecto, emociones y red en cartas de escritores rioplatenses (1837-1852)
Authors: Crespo Natalia
Published: April 2021

Este artículo indaga los usos/gestos del afecto y la dinámica de la “comunidad emocional” (Rosenwein) generada entre algunos de los intelectuales románticos de la Generación de 1837 en un corpus de cuarenta cartas que se intercambiaron durante su exilio (1837 a 1852),  incluidas en el Archivo del Dr. Juan María Gutiérrez). A partir de algunas nociones del llamado “giro afectivo” (Ahmed, Rosenwein, Arfuch, Macón, Peluffo) y teniendo en cuenta el concepto de redes intelectuales (Maíz, Fernández Bravo), este artículo analiza el prestigio que van adquiriendo determinados sentimientos y las posiciones diferenciales que cada intelectual va ocupando dentro del grupo. La construcción de alianzas homosentimentales, la estetización del dolor del exilio, el recíproco control y estímulo literario son algunas de las recurrencias en este corpus de escrituras privadas pero sociales que, aunque de narradores célebres (Juan María Gutiérrez, Esteban Echeverría, José Mármol, Domingo F. Sarmiento), permanecen aún hoy poco transitadas.
La espera íntima y estatal, en las obras de los hermanos Eduarda y Lucio Mansilla
Authors: Torre Claudia
Published: April 2021

Cuando Roland Barthes, en Fragments d’un discourse amoureux, analiza la figura de la espera sugiere que esta es un tumulto de angustia, con una escenografía organizada y manipulada, una solemnidad y un sentido de las proporciones que se configura en actos. El desenlace de esta trama deviene abandono o agradecimiento. En la literatura argentina del siglo XIX, esta figura del discurso de los afectos puede leerse en la encrucijada de la intimidad y la trama social. El artículo refiere dos obras de los hermanos Mansilla: El médico de San Luis (1860) de Eduarda Mansilla y Una excursión a los indios ranqueles de Lucio V. Mansilla, publicada diez años después. Las dos obras tematizan la pasión/sujeción de la espera, que es analizada en ambas, a partir de la idea de una narración pública que rodea y se filtra sobre las formas y prácticas de la vida cotidiana y de las historias de familia.