bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relacje państwo – kościół na przełomie XX i XXI wieku. Przypadek Polski
Authors: Piwnicki Grzegorz
Published: January 2018

Problems of the faith and religion of the laic State and their mutual relations in the times of the trembling world are very important and can not be overestimated. We should look for the answers how to reconcile the renaissance of the religiosity with the increased secularism in the different countries.
We are also talking about post-secularism. These issues determine the political divisions in Poland. Without a common dialogue, a desire for consensus, a rejection of fundamentalism, we can cease to exist as a Polish community. We are threatened by the transition from Utopia to dystopia. It all depends on how you react to these challenges will be the state and the Catholic Church. You should also reject all phobias and nationalism with national chauvinism
Ruchy etnopolityczne mniejszości rosyjskiej w państwach byłego ZSRR po aneksji Krymu do Rosji
Authors: Karolak-Michalska Magdalena
Published: January 2018

The aim of the article is to analyze the ethno-political movements of the Russian minority in post-Soviet countries after the annexation of the Crimea to Russia and attempt to answer the research question: how annexation of the Crimea caused and / or strengthened among the Russian minority living in those countries with separatist tendencies. The author analyzes the activity of Russians living in former Soviet republics selected, pointing to their behavior towards annexation and activity within the organization in which they operate. In his concluding remarks comes to the conclusion that due to the annexation of the Crimea to Russia, ethno-political movements of the Russian minority in post-Soviet area will be even more strongly oppose discrimination against the Russian people and actively fight for their rights. The current activity of the Russian post-Soviet area suggests that they will continue to work towards achieving its goals, while activity is (also of a separatist) will depend largely on domestic policy the authorities of the country in which they live, as well as the Kremlin's policy to compatriots abroad.
Poszlaki i dowód poszlakowy w postępowaniu karnym w Polsce do 1991 roku. Analiza doktryny i orzecznictwa
Authors: Ślęzak Jarosław
Published: January 2018

In the text there are analysed issues such as: the notion, functions, classifications and judgement of traces, as well as their use to build circumstantial evidences up till 1991 in Poland with respect to both judicature and doctrine. Particular attention was drawn to the use of circumstantial evidence in detecting perpetrators of offences against life, health and property.
Wpływ mniejszości narodowych zamieszkujących Estonię i Łotwę na rozwój systemów medialnych państw pobytu
Authors: Kamińska-Korolczuk Katarzyna
Published: January 2018

Estonia and Latvia are the countries in which lives many different nationalities. The article presents the most important events from the development of Estonia and Latvia's media systems, taking into account the actions of people from different circles of civilisation. This diversity did not threaten the development of communication in this part of the world, but also allowed to rise a robust system of media functioning. Both countries were characterized by high readership levels and a high saturation of the media market. At present in Estonia's and Latvia's media are represented mainly by the interests of two groups of owners and broadcasters - the basic nation and the Russian-speaking population. The interests of both groups are not convergent and the objectivity of the press is most often is located only in the declarative sphere.
Mniejszość w procesie przemian. Perspektywa mniejszości serbołużyckiej
Authors: Mieczkowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2018

In the article Author describes reorganizations of Sorbs minority organizations due to political transformation and German reunification. Author analyzed events from 1989 to 1990. Also in the article was presented main trends of changes in the minorities.
Członkostwo bez akcesji? Norwegia i Islandia a stosowanie prawa Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Drgas Michał
Published: January 2018

Norway and Iceland are two states that are closely integrated with the European Union (EU) despite formally not being its members. Above all this is a result of them being bound by parts of EU law. On the one hand, as members of the European Economic Area, they apply EU laws that constitute its internal market as well as acts related to most of other EU policies once contained in its first pillar. On the other hand, being Schengen associated states, they are also required to apply EU border crossing and asylum rules and regulations. The article examines the mechanisms and procedures employed to enable the two states to apply EU law as well as ensure its proper application. It also investigates the range of EU laws that Norway and Iceland are obligated to follow and the degree to which they do so.
SELECTED CONDITIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF TOURISM AS DETERMINANTS OF ACTIVE TOURISM BY PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL, VISUAL AND AURAL DISABILITIES
Authors: Kaganek Krzysztof
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Identification of selected conditions and the function of tourism, which determine various forms of active tourism for disabled people, as well as making an attempt to present model solutions in the discussed issue.

Method. The study was carried out by a diagnostic survey, appropriately targeted at the purpose of the study. The study was conducted by interview technique using a questionnaire in the years 2012-2015. The research group comprised of 518 people who were asked a number of questions (open and closed) regarding their disability and participation in various forms of active tourism. Logistic regression was used to create a model of the influence of selected features on active tourism by persons with visual, motor and auditory disabilities.

Findings. The developed models allow to determine specific features implying active tourism in the examined groups of disabled people. In the case of visually impaired individuals, active tourism is influenced by only one factor which is the assessment of financial situation, while active tourism among people with dysfunctions is affected by factors such as age, financial situation and cognitive function of tourism. The most significant factors influencing active tourism actually occur in the group of people with hearing impairments. The financial situation of the subjects plays an important role in the development of active tourism in all types of disabilities.

Research and conclusion limitations. The conducted research concerns only specific lands and selected factors determining the practice of tourism among the disabled, which in fact, does not allow interpolation of results to the entire population of disabled people in Poland.

Practical implications. Studies that diagnose the factors which affect practicing active tourism by people with disabilities actually enable better programming of tourism for this social group, and as a result, they fully satisfy their tourist needs.

Originality. Making models that may allow us to precisely determine the specific factors affecting active tourism among people with disabilities and different dysfunctions.

Type of paper. The article presents empirical research.
Ainda em torno da escrita no ensino superior: demandas para o ensino e a pesquisa
Authors: Assis Juliana Alves , Bailly Sophie , Corrêa Manoel Luiz Gonçalves
Published: January 2018

Neste texto, cuja versão em inglês se apresenta na sequência, buscamos abordar questões de interesse ao projeto Capes-Cofecub intitulado “Discurso acadêmico na pesquisa e no ensino: questões em torno da apropriação da palavra de outrem” (nº. 834/15), o qual se mostra igualmente contemplado na organização deste número da revista Scripta.
Strategy use of Russian pre-service TEFL university students: using a strategy inventory for program effectiveness evaluation
Authors: Zareva Alla
Published: January 2018

The focus of the present study is on identifying categories of learning strategies that are mostly used by Russian university students in an English Linguistics Program with a TEFL concentration. The more specific goal of the study is to offer a model of evaluation of the effectiveness of TEFL-oriented programs in terms of the language learning strategies their students use and recognize as pedagogically applicable to their EFL environment. To this end, two groups of students were compared on their self-reported frequency of strategy use —1st year students (n = 23), who had just entered the program, and 4th year students (n = 38), who were close to graduating from the program and entering the teaching profession. The main instrument used in the study was a version of the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), designed by Oxford (1990). Overall, both groups showed high to medium frequency of use of all strategy categories; however, the 4th year students revealed a more finely-grained scale of strategy use priorities. The findings of the study can help curriculum designers and instructors refine the focus of their TEFL-track programs and make informed decisions about emphases and de-emphases in their students’ training.
SPECIFICITY OF CHANGE IN SORPTION CAPACITY OF FLAX FIBER UNDER REGULABLE BIO-CATALYTICAL DESTRUCTION OF NEUTRAL CARBOHYDRATES
Authors: Aleeva Svetlana V. , Lepilova, Olga V. , Kurzanova Polina Yu. , Koksharov Sergey A.
Published: January 2018

Evaluation of the nano sizes of hydrosols from homogeneous cellulosic and industrial products was made using dynamic light scattering method. The influence of the size of the globule of protein catalysts and the duration of their action on the roving of carded flax fiber was compared. The correlation between the change in the equilibrium absorption of sorption marker (methylene blue) and residual content in the fiber of hemicelluloses was monitored. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the efficiency of biocatalysts in industrial homogeneous and cellulosic preparations it was revealed that globule size influences on the efficiency of sorption properties of flax fibers. The use of homogeneous enzymes with differing sized parameters has allowed isolating the contribution of the target enzymatic modification as in the microfibrillar structure of elementary fibers and for modification the hemicelluloses in the binding substance fixing the elementary fibers in the bast bundles (the linen fibrous complexes). The principles of selection of biocatalysts to increase sorption capacity in flax fiber sorbents were revealed. It was found that the sorption capacity of flax fiber sorbents increases due to the development of mezopore space in elementary fibres and regulable amorphization of interfiber binders in the structure of the linen complex. The research revealed that the the amorphization of flax fiber took place only when the cellulases was used. The size of their globules enables the penetration of these enzymes into mesopores of elementary flax fibres. It was established experimentally that the presence of large isoforms of cellulases or hemicellulases can promote as the development of the internal volume into the fibre binders and also conservation the permissible level of reduction of the hemicelluloses amount in flax fibres is not less than 10 mass.%.Forcitation:Aleeva S.V., Lepilova O.V., Kurzanova P.Yu., Koksharov S.A. Specificity of change in sorption capacity of flax fiber under regulable bio-catalytical destruction of neutral carbohydrates. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 80-85
STANDARD FORMATION ENTHALPIES OF L-ARGININE AND PRODUCTS OF ITS DISSOCIATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Lytkin Alexandr I. , Chernikov Viktor V. , Krutova Olga N. , Krutov Pavel D.
Published: January 2018

Depending on the chemical nature of side radicals, amino acids can be divided into aromatic and aliphatic ones, as well as amino acids that have non-polar or polar functional groups in their side radical. Since specific features of individual amino acids in the protein are determined by the nature (physicochemical properties) of their side radicals that exist in the hydrated state, it also seems extremely important to study the thermodynamic characteristics of hydration of side radicals of amino acids of different chemical nature. In order to obtain empirical correlations that would establish a relationship between the thermodynamic parameters of interaction of a dissolved compound with the solvent and the size of molecules being dissolved (that have different physicochemical nature), one needs to accumulate a sufficient amount of experimental data on heats of dissolution of amino acids and peptides. This would allow one to verify the addictively of contributions of intermolecular interactions for different groups of molecules. Reagent L-arginine was used without additional purification. Prior to weighing, the substance was dried at 110 °C. The heats of dissolution of crystalline L-arginine were measured using an isothermal-jacket calorimeter with automatic recording of the temperature-time curve. The performance of the calorimetric setup was verified in accordance with the conventional calorimetric standards: the heat of dissolution of crystalline potassium chloride in water and the heat of neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base. The agreement between the experimental enthalpies of dissolution of KCl (cr.) in water and the heats of neutralization of nitric acid with a KOH solution with the most reliable published data indicates that there are no evident systematic errors in the performance of the calorimetric setup. The equilibrium compositions of solutions were calculated using RRSU software. The heats of dissolution of crystalline amino acid in water and potassium hydroxide solutions at 298.15 K were measured by direct calorimetry. The standard enthalpies of formation of L-arginine and the products of its dissociation in aqueous solutions were calculated.Forcitation:Lytkin A.I., Chernikov V.V., Krutova O.N., Krutov P.D. Standard formation enthalpies of L-arginine and products of its dissociation in aqueous solution. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 40-45
CATALYSTS OF OXIDATION REACTION OF BUTENE-1 TO METHYLETHYLKETONE
Authors: Agaguseynova Minira M. , Amanullayeva Gunel I. , Bayramova Zehra E.
Published: January 2018

The available and simple metal complex systems of catalytic oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons were developed. It is shown that these systems catalyze the selective liquid-phase oxidation of butene-1 to methyl ethyl ketone by molecular oxygen at low temperature. The best results were revealed using Cu(I)Cl monovalent chloride. The catalyst for the production of methylethylketone is a binary system containing complexes of copper and palladium chloride at a molar ratio of 2:1. Hexamethylphosphoramide is used as the ligand and palladium chloride complex as an additional complex contains benzonitrile. A combined catalyst has been offered. It allows to carry out the oxidation reaction of butene to methyl ethyl ketone under mild conditions (low temperature, atmospheric pressure) with high selectivity and yield of the desired product. The proposed binary system is able to coordinate molecular oxygen and butene-1, and thus it becomes possible to conduct the oxidation reaction not directly between butene-1 and O2, and using a specific complex catalyst system allowing them to react with each other in an activated coordinated state. Absorption properties of catalysts synthesized on the bases of transition metals have been studied and activation of molecular oxygen and butane-1 has been determined. As a result of interaction of coordinated oxygen and butane-1 it is possible to carry out oxidation reaction to methylethylketone in mild condition. The specific feature of the offered binary catalyst is irreversible absorption of molecular oxygen. Mild conditions of the reaction proceeding decreases considerably amount of by-products and simplify obtaining and separation of the main product-methylethylketone. Due to the fact that the absorption of O2 is irreversible and it is possible to easily remove the excess amount of O2 after the formation of the oxygen complex. The developed method has the advantage from the point of view of safety.Forcitation:Agaguseynova M.M., Amanullayeva G.I., Bayramova Z.E. Catalysts of oxidation reaction of butene-1 to methylethylketone. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 53-57
Alegação para uma epistemologia de segunda ordem na formação de professores
Authors: Fernández Aquino Orlando , Matías González Alberto
Published: January 2018

No presente ensaio apresenta-se uma discussão sobre alguns dos problemas e fragilidades que, a juízo dos autores, apresenta hoje a área de formação de professores. O texto foi elaborado a partir de uma pesquisa de terceiro grau; ou seja, por meio da revisão de estudos nacionais e internacionais que por sua vez tinham mapeado a situação da área. Ao mesmo tempo, o estado atual da área de formação docente julga-se desde uma epistemologia de segunda ordem, para tratar de visualizar quais seriam as limitações dos enfoques filosóficos da ciência moderna que permeiam esse campo, e como supera-los pela via do salto epistemológico. Chega-se à conclusão que uma das maneiras possíveis de superação das fragilidades identificadas seria avançar para um enfoque pluridisciplinar e interdisciplinar de tratamento dos objetos da pesquisa em formação de professores, junto a fundamentações teóricas de maior relevância e o passo a pesquisas teóricas e empíricas de maior consistência metodológica, o que permitiria a consolidação da área enquanto disciplina científica.
Relação pedagógica no grupo tutorial: desafios e possibilidades das metodologias participativas (ativas)
Authors: Fernandes da Silva Edileuza
Published: January 2018

Este texto objetiva analisar a relação pedagógica desenvolvida no grupo tutorial na metodologia PBL adotada no curso de Medicina de um centro universitário privado do Distrito Federal, visando compreender desafios e possibilidades na construção do conhecimento de forma colaborativa e participativa. Colaboraram com a pesquisa um professor e quatro estudantes do segundo semestre do curso. A abordagem metodológica consistiu na análise de depoimentos levantados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com professor, grupo focal com quatro estudantes e observação de oito horas de sessões tutoriais que oportunizaram compreender aspectos relativos à dinâmica do grupo tutorial. O quadro teórico da pesquisa foi elaborado com base em Berbel (1998), Leitinho e Sá Carneiro (2013) para discutir a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas; em Veiga (2001, 2014) para discutir a relação pedagógica e o processo didático; em Saviani (2007, 2008) para abordar a pedagogia histórico-crítica; e em Araújo (2017) para discutir as matrizes pedagógico-metodológicas ativas e participativas. Da análise dos dados da pesquisa, foi possível apreender que no grupo tutorial, a relação pedagógica é democrática, pautada no respeito ao indivíduo, sendo o poder de decisão e ação compartilhado por todos e identificar alguns elementos constitutivos do grupo tutorial que sinalizam o movimento de transição da metodologia ativa para a pedagogia histórico-crítica. A formação médica requer metodologia colaborativa, participativa e problematizadora fundamentada na prática social em que professor e estudantes, apesar de ocuparem posições distintas, constroem uma relação pedagógica favorável à compreensão e ao encaminhamento de soluções dos problemas apresentados pela prática social.
Uma política de formação voltada aos professores iniciantes de Sobral – CE
Authors: Gimenes Corrêa Calil Ana Maria , Dalmazo Afonso de André Marli Eliza
Published: January 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a política de formação continuada dos professores iniciantes no município de Sobral (CE). A educação neste município tem chamado a atenção tanto por apresentar evolução nos indicadores de avaliação quanto por realizar formação continuada específica aos professores iniciantes na rede municipal. Foi adotada a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa e utilizados diferentes procedimentos e instrumentos de pesquisa, tais como: grupo focal, observação, análise de documentos e questionário na tentativa de captar o processo de formação continuada. Criou-se uma Escola de Formação Permanente, responsável pela formação dos professores. Os sujeitos foram a diretora e a coordenadora de formação da Escola de Formação de Professores e mais 46 professores iniciantes que avaliaram a formação oferecida pela rede municipal. Os resultados apontaram um grau de satisfação positivo dos professores iniciantes em relação ao desenvolvimento profissional proporcionado pelo processo de formação continuada específica aos iniciantes.
Profissionalidade e formação docente: representações sociais de professores
Authors: Dias da Silva Rejane , Alves Dias Adelaide , Pimenta de Araujo Sonia
Published: January 2018

Este estudo analisa a representação social sobre a formação docente de professores da rede pública estadual de Pernambuco. Partimos do pressuposto que as Representações Sociais podem contribuir para desencadear práticas educativas e possibilitar o acesso ao seu conhecimento. Foram aplicados questionários de associação livre e associação dirigida a 80 professores de 20 escolas de ensinos fundamental e médio. Identificamos o campo semântico das representações sociais dos professores e os elementos que constituíam o núcleo central. Os resultados revelaram que as representações sobre a formação circulam em torno das categorias pedagógica, acadêmica e profissional. A categoria profissional foi insignificante no campo das representações dos sujeitos investigados. O núcleo central dessas representações se organiza em torno da dimensão acadêmica. As representações da formação são ancoradas na categoria acadêmica indicando a forte influência da formação inicial em cursos de licenciatura, apesar de terem sido encontrados indícios de mudanças consubstanciadas na ênfase na categoria pedagógica encontrada nas representações dos professores.
O ENSINO UNIVERSITÁRIO COMO ESPAÇO DE FORMAÇÃO: CONTRIBUTO PARA UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE OS DESAFIOS CURRICULARES COMO DESAFIOS EPISTEMOLÓGICOS
Authors: Trindade Rui
Published: January 2018

Este é um texto onde se reflete sobre a dimensão curricular dos projetos de formação no Ensino Universitário a partir dos desafios epistemológicos com que os mesmos nos confrontam. Parte-se da análise da Psicologia da Educação, como disciplina que integra os planos de estudos dos cursos de formação de professores, de mediadores socioeducativos, de educadores sociais, de animadores socioculturais ou, entre outros, de pedagogos sociais, para se discutir se tais planos de estudos poderão continuar a ser organizados em função de disciplinas estanques entre si ou se, em alternativa, tais planos deveriam ser configurados em função de problemáticas estruturantes que, mobilizando os saberes de áreas científicas distintas, permitem abordar tais problemáticas como entidades complexas.
A AGENDA INTERNACIONAL PARA EDUCAÇÃO 2030: CONSENSO “FRÁGIL” OU INSTRUMENTO DE MOBILIZAÇÃO DOS ATORES DA EDUCAÇÃO NO SÉCULO XXI?
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo, analisaremos as questões da agenda internacional para a educação em 2030. Inicialmente, vamos destacar a importância da agenda internacional de educação nos aspectos em que ela assinala a influência do global e internacional nas políticas nacionais de educação. Esta agenda é também o resultado do trabalho conjunto das organizações internacionais influentes no setor da educação. Em seguida, examinaremos as principais diretrizes internacionais decorrentes desta agenda. Vamos destacar a onipresença de uma concepção neoliberal da educação, embora o componente humanista não tenha desaparecido completamente. Isso resulta em uma agenda, na qual um consenso superficial prevalece sobre a análise lúcida. Na terceira parte do artigo, concentrar-nos-emos no conceito de educação para a cidadania global que surge como uma orientação inovadora. Na última parte do artigo, buscaremos analisar de que maneira esta agenda pode ser traduzida no contexto educacional brasileiro. Esta agenda pode acelerar a criação de um sistema educativo em várias velocidades (plusieures vitesses) com base em testes padronizados. Pode também, caso ocorra uma mobilização dos educadores progressistas e as reformas estruturais sejam realizadas, representar a possibilidade de uma educação de base libertadora e de qualidade para todos. Evidentemente, o papel dos professores será uma das chaves de leitura das implicações da Agenda 2030 no Brasil e ao redor do mundo.
Gestão da educação na perspectiva dos Direitos Humanos: garantias de possibilidades
Authors: Carapeto Ferreira Naura Syria
Published: January 2018

Este artigo examina a relação, responsabilidades, garantias e possibilidades da gestão da educação na perspectiva dos Direitos Humanos. Defende a educação enquanto direito inalienável de todo o ser humano, acompanha aquele desde quando concebidos, pois faz parte da constituição humana o direito a todas as possibilidades que lhe são inerentes. Tal defesa se firma, igualmente, na compreensão de que a sociedade, assim como o ser humano, é sempre unidade histórica, que se desenvolve mediante a contínua superação em unidade dialética. Disso resulta uma reconstrução coletiva e contínua dos diretos humanos como fundamento do respeito e da dignidade humana. Na medida em que essa compreensão vai sendo explicitada e compreendida, esboçando-se no espírito ideia de universalidade e indivisibilidade dos direitos humanos, que não aceita qualquer divisão de direitos por se tratar da pessoa humana, abre-se o caminho para examinarmos e defendermos a educação como um direito social básico a todas as pessoas. Os direitos humanos passam a ser tratados na sua totalidade, mas sob o enfoque da especificidade da educação, pela ideia de mediação da origem do homem e de sua constituição humana e histórica com direito a todas as possibilidades que lhes confere dignidade humana. Se a educação é mediação, responsável pela formação humana. Necessário se faz compreender que direitos têm essa pessoa humana e como a gestão da educação responsabiliza-se concomitantemente com os Direitos Humanos por essa formação e garantia de seus direitos.
Reflexiones sobre la enseñanza de la política educativa y la formación de investigadores en el campo
Authors: Tello César
Published: January 2018

En este trabajo se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre la enseñanza de la política educacional y la formación de investigadores del campo. Se analiza el rol de los profesores del espacio curricular de la política educacional y el de los formadores de investigadores. Se plantea que los procesos formativos tanto en el grado como en el posgrado no puede estar desprendido del conocimiento de las matrices históricas del campo y sus epistemes de época. Argumentando que no existe un solo posicionamiento que deba ser transmitido en los procesos formativos a los jóvenes que estudian política educacional. Sino que es un desafío y un compromiso epistemológico para profesores y formadores mostrar, desarrollar y explicar los múltiples modos de abordar la política educacionales desde diversas matrices históricas, teóricas y epistemológicas.
O Curso de Pedagogia: permanências e novas tensões
Authors: Micheletti Elisângela Lisboa , Galian Cláudia Valentina A.
Published: January 2018

Este artigo trata da formação dos pedagogos no Brasil, cujas bases estão parcialmente definidas na implementação de Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso. Buscamos identificar as mudanças na formação inicial e na percepção dos pedagogos quanto às contribuições da formação inicial para a sua atuação profissional, fomentadas em alguma medida pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Pedagogia (DCNP). A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, envolveu os seguintes procedimentos: análise documental, questionários e entrevistas desenvolvidos junto a dois grupos de pedagogos, formados e concluintes do curso nos períodos anterior e posterior à promulgação dos referidos documentos legais, de uma Universidade da cidade de São Paulo. Evidenciou-se uma série de mudanças significativas na composição do currículo, influenciadas essencialmente pelas demandas do trabalho docente, que conferiram ao currículo do curso uma base docente, especialmente em função de necessidades materiais impostas pelo contexto histórico e social. As mudanças evidenciadas alteraram a natureza e a organização do curso e esta foi a principal mudança ao longo da história desse curso, na busca por romper, de uma maneira peculiar, com a dualidade entre o bacharelado e a licenciatura. Como consequência, evidenciaram-se também alterações na sua organização, o que se deu por meio de um processo de redução do tempo de formação, sustentado por um “enxugamento” do currículo. Por fim, identificou-se uma mudança na percepção dos pedagogos quanto às contribuições da formação inicial para sua atuação profissional, essencialmente coerentes com a guinada do curso em direção ao preparo para as atividades docentes no âmbito escolar.
A TEIA e a REDE: aprendizagens nas/em redes locais de educação ambiental
Authors: Borges Marcelo Gules
Published: January 2018

A partir de uma etnografia realizada com duas redes de educação ambiental atuantes no contexto escolar no sul do Brasil, a TEIA e a REDE, o artigo analisa os modos pelos quais estes coletivos se constituem nos termos de suas identidades, modos de ação e aprendizagem nas/em redes. Para isso, apresento um conjunto referencial que tematiza os elementos sócio-históricos e da aprendizagem na dinâmica cotidiana de constituição e de ação destes coletivos. As redes que atuam no contexto escolar têm papel vital na formação dos educadores ambientais e nos processos de ambientalização da educação.
The modulation of neural gain facilitates a transition between functional segregation and integration in the brain
Authors: Shine James M , Aburn Matthew J , Breakspear Michael , Poldrack Russell A
Published: January 2018

Cognitive function relies on a dynamic, context-sensitive balance between functional integration and segregation in the brain. Previous work has proposed that this balance is mediated by global fluctuations in neural gain by projections from ascending neuromodulatory nuclei. To test this hypothesis in silico, we studied the effects of neural gain on network dynamics in a model of large-scale neuronal dynamics. We found that increases in neural gain directed the network through an abrupt dynamical transition, leading to an integrated network topology that was maximal in frontoparietal ‘rich club’ regions. This gain-mediated transition was also associated with increased topological complexity, as well as increased variability in time-resolved topological structure, further highlighting the potential computational benefits of the gain-mediated network transition. These results support the hypothesis that neural gain modulation has the computational capacity to mediate the balance between integration and segregation in the brain.
Activating the regenerative potential of Müller glia cells in a regeneration-deficient retina
Authors: Lust Katharina , Wittbrodt Joachim
Published: January 2018

Regeneration responses in animals are widespread across phyla. To identify molecular players that confer regenerative capacities to non-regenerative species is of key relevance for basic research and translational approaches. Here, we report a differential response in retinal regeneration between medaka (Oryzias latipes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). In contrast to zebrafish, medaka Müller glia (olMG) cells behave like progenitors and exhibit a restricted capacity to regenerate the retina. After injury, olMG cells proliferate but fail to self-renew and ultimately only restore photoreceptors. In our injury paradigm, we observed that in contrast to zebrafish, proliferating olMG cells do not maintain sox2 expression. Sustained sox2 expression in olMG cells confers regenerative responses similar to those of zebrafish MG (drMG) cells. We show that a single, cell-autonomous factor reprograms olMG cells and establishes a regeneration-like mode. Our results position medaka as an attractive model to delineate key regeneration factors with translational potential.
Reducing Patient No-Shows: An Initiative at an Integrated Care Teaching Health Center
Authors: Mehra Ashwin , Hoogendoorn Claire J. , Haggerty Greg , Engelthaler Jessica , Gooden Stephen , Joseph Michelle , Carroll Shannon , Guiney Peter A.
Published: January 2018

Background

Patient no-shows impede the effectiveness and efficiency of health care services delivery.

Objective

To evaluate a 2-phase intervention to reduce no-show rates at an integrated care community health center that incorporates a teaching program for osteopathic family medicine residents.

Methods

The Elmont Teaching Health Center (ETHC) is 1 of 5 community-based health centers comprising the Long Island Federally Qualified Health Centers. In August 2015, the ETHC implemented a centerwide No-Show Rates Reduction Initiative divided into an assessment phase and implementation phase. The assessment phase identified reasons most frequently cited by patients for no-shows at the ETHC. The implementation phase, initiated in mid-September, addressed these reasons by focusing on reminder call verification, patient education, personal responses to patient calls, institutional awareness, and integration with multiple departments. To assess the initiative, monthly no-show rates were compared by quarter for 2015 and against rates for the previous year.

Results

We recorded 27,826 appointments with 6147 no-shows in 2014 and 31,696 appointments with 5690 no-shows in 2015. No-show rates in the first 3 quarters of 2015 (range, 18.2%-20.0%) were slightly lower than the rates in 2014 (20.1%-23.4%) and then changed by an increasingly wide margin in the last quarter of 2015 (15.3%), leading to a significant year (2014, 2015) by quarter (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) interaction (P=.004). Also, the change observed in Q4 in 2015 differed significantly from Q1 (P=.017), Q2 (P=.004), and Q3 (P=.027) in 2015, while Q1, Q2, and Q3 in 2015 did not significantly differ from one another.

Conclusion

No-show rates were successfully reduced after a 2-phase intervention was implemented at 1 health center within a larger health care organization. Future directions include dismantling the individual components of the intervention, evaluating the role of patient volumes in no-show rates, assessing patient outcomes (eg, costs, health) in integrative care settings that treat underserved populations, and evaluating family medicine residents’ training on continuity of care and no-show rates.
Prevalence of Homelessness by Gender in an Emergency Department Population in Pennsylvania
Authors: Feldman Brett J. , Craen Alexandra M. , Enyart Joshua , Batchelor Timothy , Friel Timothy J. , Dusza Stephen W. , Greenberg Marna Rayl
Published: January 2018

Context

According to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, nearly 1.5 million people spend at least 1 night in an emergency shelter or transitional housing each year, and more than 500,000 people are homeless on a given night in the United States. To our knowledge, limited data exist regarding the prevalence of homelessness in ED patients by gender (male, female, and transgender)

Objective

To assess the prevalence of homelessness by gender in 3 EDs in Pennsylvania.

Methods

From May 2015 through February 2016, patients in 3 EDs were approached to take a 5-question homelessness screening survey. To participate, patients had to be aged at least 18 years, speak English, have capacity to complete the survey, be willing to participate, and not be critically ill. Frequency comparisons were made using χ2 analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P≤.05.

Results

A total of 4395 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 50.8 (20.5) years; 2557 (58.2%) were women and 3 (0.07%) were transgender. No difference in the rate of homelessness was observed between men and women, with 135 of 1835 men (7.4%) and 173 of 2557 women (6.8%) screening positive for homelessness (P=.472). Forty of 2557 women (1.6%) and 41 of 1835 men (2.2%) admitted they had slept outside or in an abandoned building, their car, an emergency shelter, or a hotel due to financial hardship in the past 60 days (P=.26). One transgender patient screened positive for homelessness. The mean age of participants who screened positive for homelessness was 40.9 (15.9) years.

Conclusion

No significant difference was observed in the rate of homelessness between men and women in this ED population, which defies the perception that this issue primarily affects men. Public health interventions aimed at homeless populations should consider that both men and women may be equally affected by homelessness.
Plastikhytter, musik og sommerfugle – om samskabende æstetiske processer i børnehaven
Authors: Blomgren Henriette
Published: January 2018

Resumé: Artiklen knytter sig til et ph.d. studie, der undersøger kunstneres, pædagogers og børns samskabende aktiviteter med æstetiske processer i danske børnehaver. Forskningen er inspireret af eller indlejrer sig i en aktionsforskningsmetodologisk tilgang (etnografisk aktionsforskning og refleksionscirkler) med kvalitative metoder som deltagende observation og interviews, men hvor også visuelle metoder som filmoptagelser, foto og tegning tages i brug. Artiklen fremlægger, hvordan forskeren er medspiller i processerne og undersøger, hvordan eksperimenter med tegning og refleksioner over disse – som metodiske greb – skaber indsigt i deltagernes positioneringer i de æstetiske processer, men peger samtidig på hvilke relationer og subtile samspil, der opstår mellem deltagerne. Disse samspil karakteriseres i artiklen som ensemblespil og æstetisk samspil, der hviler på samspilsfornemmelser.Abstract: The article is attached to a PhD research, which examines artist’s, pedagogue’s (pre-school teachers), and children’s co-creative activities concerning aesthetic processes in Danish kindergartens. The research is inspired by or embedded in an action research framework (ethnographic action research and reflection circles) with qualitative methods as participant observation and interviews, but also visual methods as video, photos and drawings. The article presents how the researcher is a co-player in the processes, and examines how experiments with drawings and reflections as methods create insight in the participant’s positioning in the aesthetic processes, but also highlight the relations and subtle interplay, which occur between the participants. The interplay is characterized as ensemble-play and aesthetic interplay, based on samspilsfornemmelser, which can be translated into sense of interplay.
Equine glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor physiology
Authors: Kheder Murad H. , Bailey Simon R. , Dudley Kevin J. , Sillence Martin N. , de Laat Melody A.
Published: January 2018

Background

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is associated with insulin dysregulation, which often manifests as post-prandial hyperinsulinemia. Circulating concentrations of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) correlate with an increased insulin response to carbohydrate intake in animals with EMS. However, little is known about the equine GLP-1 receptor (eGLP-1R), or whether GLP-1 concentrations can be manipulated. The objectives were to determine (1) the tissue localisation of the eGLP-1R, (2) the GLP-1 secretory capacity of equine intestine in response to glucose and (3) whether GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets can be attenuated.

Methods

Archived and abattoir-sourced tissues from healthy horses were used. Reverse transcriptase PCR was used to determine the tissue distribution of the eGLP-1R gene, with immunohistochemical confirmation of its pancreatic location. The GLP-1 secretion from intestinal explants in response to 4 and 12 mM glucose was quantified in vitro. Pancreatic islets were freshly isolated to assess the insulin secretory response to GLP-1 agonism and antagonism in vitro, using concentration-response experiments.

Results

The eGLP-1R gene is widely distributed in horses (pancreas, heart, liver, kidney, duodenum, digital lamellae, tongue and gluteal skeletal muscle). Within the pancreas the eGLP-1R was immunolocalised to the pancreatic islets. Insulin secretion from pancreatic islets was concentration-dependent with human GLP-1, but not the synthetic analogue exendin-4. The GLP-1R antagonist exendin 9-39 (1 nM) reduced (P = 0.08) insulin secretion by 27%.

Discussion

The distribution of the eGLP-1R across a range of tissues indicates that it may have functions beyond insulin release. The ability to reduce insulin secretion, and therefore hyperinsulinemia, through eGLP-1R antagonism is a promising and novel approach to managing equine insulin dysregulation.
Incidence of and social-demographic and obstetric factors associated with postpartum depression: differences among ethnic Han and Kazak women of Northwestern China
Authors: Chen Ling , Ding Li , Qi Ming , Jiang Chao , Mao Xin-Min , Cai Wen-Zhi
Published: January 2018

Background

Studies on postpartum depression (PPD) in China have focused primarily on women of Han ethnicity, whereas work on other ethnic groups has proven limited. This study explored the ethnic differences of associated social-demographic and obstetric factors for PPD between Han-majority and Kazak-minority women in northwestern China.

Methods

Han and Kazak women who received routine examinations at four hospitals in a multi-ethnic area of China six weeks after childbirth between March 2016 and December 2016 were included in the study. Data on the women’s socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric factors, and possible depression at six weeks after childbirth were collected. We examined the associated factors of PPD using multivariable logistic regression analyses by ethnic group.

Results

The overall incidence of PPD was 14.6% (184/1,263) at six weeks after childbirth. PPD was detected more frequently among Kazak (16.1%) than Han women (13.1%). Kazak women exhibited a higher risk of PPD (adjusted OR = 1.561, 95% CI [1.108–2.198], P = 0.011). Urinary incontinence (UI) represented a significant risk factor of PPD for Kazak compared with Han women (OR = 1.720, 95% CI [1.056–2.804], P = 0.003). In contrast, the presence of the mother-in-law as a caregiver after childbirth demonstrated a positive association with PPD among Han (OR = 2.600, 95% CI [1.499–4.512], P = 0.001), but not with Kazak women.

Conclusions

Kazak women were more likely to develop PPD than Han women, even after controlling for confounders. Moreover, distinct risk factors for PPD existed for Han and Kazak women. Future research that explores the relationships between Han women and their mothers-in-law as well as Kazak women’s attitudes toward UI could help us further understand PPD in these populations.
ЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАКОНЫ ДЛЯ ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ МОНАДИЧЕСКИХ ФОРМУЛ С БЕСКОНЕЧНОЙ ЧАСТЬЮ ПЕРВОГО ПОРЯДКА, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Жуковский М.Е. , Санчез М. Г.
Published: January 2018

Мы рассматриваем экзистенциальные монадические предложения вида Х (Х) о неориентированных графах, где Х - конечная последовательность кванторов по монадическим переменным, а (Х) L - бесконечная формула первого порядка. Мы доказали, что существует такое предложение с двумя монадическими переменными и двумя переменными первого порядка, для которого вероятность его истинности для случайного графа G(n, p) расходится. Кроме того, аналогичный пример удаётся построить для одной монадической переменной и трёх переменных первого порядка.
УСРЕДНЕНИЕ КРАЕВОЙ ЗАДАЧИ ДЛЯ ОПЕРАТОРА ЛАПЛАСА В ОБЛАСТИ, ПЕРФОРИРОВАННОЙ ВДОЛЬ (N - 1)-МЕРНОГО МНОГООБРАЗИЯ, С НЕЛИНЕЙНЫМ КРАЕВЫМ УСЛОВИЕМ РОБИНА НА ГРАНИЦЕ ПОЛОСТЕЙ ПРОИЗВОЛЬНОЙ ФОРМЫ: КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Подольский А.В. , Шапошникова Т.А.
Published: January 2018

В сообщении исследуется асимптотическое поведение решения краевой задачи для оператора Лапласа в области, перфорированной вдоль (­n - 1)-мерного многообразия. Предполагается, что на границе полостей задано нелинейное краевое условие Робина. Основное отличие от предыдущих работ по этой тематике в том, что перфорация образована не шарами, а множествами произвольной формы (точнее множествами, диффеоморфными шару). Построена усреднённая модель и доказана сходимость решений исходных задач к решению усреднённой.
АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ РЕШЕНИЕ УРАВНЕНИЙ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ МЕТЕОРОВ ДЛЯ ЕДИНОГО (НЕ ДРОБЯЩЕГОСЯ) ТЕЛА С ПОТЕРЕЙ МАССЫ В НЕИЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ (ПРОИЗВОЛЬНОЙ) АТМОСФЕРЕ С ПЕРЕМЕННЫМ ПАРАМЕТРОМ УНОСА МАССЫ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Тирский Г.А.
Published: January 2018

Получено аналитическое решение двух совместных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений физической теории метеоров: уравнение движения центра массы метеороида (уравнение торможения), уравнение теплового баланса (уравнение уноса массы), уравнение свечения и уравнение ионизационного следа. Решение получено при предположении прямолинейной траектории и степенной зависимости параметра уноса массы от скорости метеороида для произвольной атмосферы в континуальном режиме обтекания.
СОЗДАНИЕ МИКРОРЕЛЬЕФА ПУТЁМ ТЕРМОСТИМУЛИРУЕМОЙ УСАДКИ ПОЛИПРОПИЛЕНОВЫХ ПЛЁНОК С МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИМ ПОКРЫТИЕМ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Ярышева А.Ю. , Тунян А.А. , Большакова А.В. , Стрельцов Д.Р. , Малахов С.Н. , Ярышева Л.М. , Чвалун С.Н. , Волынский А.Л.
Published: January 2018

Исследуются условия получения рельефов микронного уровня с помощью термостимулируемой усадки промышленных металлизированных двуосно-ориентированных плёнок полипропилена. Показано, что при отжиге в температурном интервале, близком к температуре плавления полипропилена, происходит усадка плёнок в двух направлениях, что приводит к появлению складчатых структур на поверхности. Складки имеют размер около 2-8 мкм. Усадка и глубина рельефа зависят от температуры отжига. Рельеф сохраняется на поверхности плёнок после удаления алюминиевого слоя.
РОСТ И МОРФОЛОГИЯ МОНОКРИСТАЛЛОВ ВЫСОКОГЕРМАНИЕВОГО КВАРЦА, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Балицкий В.С. , Балицкий Д. В. , Пущаровский Д.Ю. , Сеткова Т.В. , Балицкая Л.В. , Некрасов А.Н.
Published: January 2018

Приведены экспериментальные данные по выращиванию и исследованию монокристаллов высокогерманиевого кварца, обладающего лучшими, чем у чистого кварца, пьезоэлектрическими характеристиками и работоспособностью при более высоких температурах и давлениях.
МЕТЕОРИТ “КАРГАПОЛЬЕ”: НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ ПО МИНЕРАЛОГИИ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Ерохин Ю.В. , Коротеев В.А. , Хиллер В.В. , Бурлаков Е.В. , Иванов К.С. , Клейменов Д.А.
Published: January 2018

Дополнены данные о минеральном составе метеорита “Каргаполье”, найденного на территории Курганской области в 1961 г. Установлено, что космическое вещество сложено оливином (хризолит), ортопироксеном (бронзит), клинопироксеном (диопсид), плагиоклазом (олигоклаз), хромитом, металлами Fe, Ni (камасит, тэнит, тетратэнит), сульфидами (троилит, пентландит), хлорапатитом, мерриллитом. При этом диопсид, тетратэнит, пентландит, хлорапатит, мерриллит определены в метеорите “Каргаполье” впервые. Для всех минералов приведены данные по химическому составу. Сам метеорит - обыкновенный каменный хондрит и относится к петрологическому типу H4.