bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objective Evaluation of Cervical Vertebral Bone Age— Its Reliability in Comparison with Hand-Wrist Bone Age: By TW3 Method
Authors: Reddy Vamsi Nilay , Sreedevi Gojja , Prasad CMS Krishna , Ponnada Swaroopa Rani , Priya K Padma , Naik B Raveendra
Published: February 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to establish the validity of a new method for evaluating skeletal maturation by assessing the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae seen in the cephalometric radiograph.

Materials and methods

This study consisted of a sample of 50 patients in the age group of 8 to 14 years of age. Chronologically, they were divided into six groups, based on the age consisting of a minimum of six to a maximum of 10 subjects. All the patients included in the study were females. The selected subjects were clinically examined and then age and date of birth of the patient in years and months was noted. Then lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs of the patient were taken on the same day with good clarity and contrast.

Results

The results suggested that cervical vertebral bone age on cephalometric radiographs calculated with this method is as reliable at estimating bone age as is the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 (TW3) method on hand-wrist radiographs. By determining the cervical vertebral bone age, skeletal maturity can be evaluated in a detailed and objective manner with cephalometric radiographs.

Conclusion

The ability to accurately appraise skeletal maturity from cervical vertebral maturation, without the need for additional radiographs, has the potential to improve orthodontic diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. The technique's simplicity and ease of use should encourage this method as a first level diagnostic tool to assess skeletal maturation.

Clinical significance

This study revealed that the timing and sequence of ossification of the bones in hand and wrist and cervical vertebrae were able to relate the skeletal development of the various skeletal maturity indicators to a child's development. This method provided a mean with which one can determine the skeletal maturity of a person and thereby determine whether the possibility of potential growth existed.

How to cite this article

Prasad CMSK, Reddy VN, Sreedevi G, Ponnada SR, Priya KP, Naik BR. Objective Evaluation of Cervical Vertebral Bone Age—Its Reliability in Comparison with Hand-Wrist Bone Age: By TW3 Method. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):806-813.
Effect of Energy Drinks on the Surface Texture of Nanofilled Composite Resin
Authors: Al-Samadani Khalid H
Published: February 2014

Objective

To study the effect of three energy drinks on the surface roughness of nanofilled composite resins after different periods of aging time.

Materials and methods

Composite resin disks, 6 mm diameter, 3 mm thickness were prepared from Filtec Z350 XT, Tetric EvoCeram and Filtec Z250 XT. Specimens fr/8om each material were tested after aging with Red Bull, Bison and Power Horse energy drinks and distilled water as a control. Specimens were stored at 37°C in dark containers for 1, 3 and 6 months. Surface roughness Ra was assessed using a surface scanning interferometry before and after each storage period. Surface roughness differences ΔRa and Ra among specimens were measured. Mean values were statistically analyzed using multiple repeated measured (ANOVA), variance and multiple comparisons of the mean values were done with Bonferroni test, with p < 0.05 as significance level.

Results

The surface roughness degradation change ?Ra and Ra value before and after occurred by Red Bull, Bison and Power Horse energy drinks was significantly different for all tested materials at all three times p < 0.05. All specimens showed increase in surface roughness changes after aging periods of 1, 3 and 6 months. The highest total surface roughness difference ΔRa and Ra was found in the Red Bull group after 6 months.

Conclusion

Energy drinks used in this study had surface degradation effect on the tested composite resin materials. The surface roughness increased with aging time however, it was clinically acceptable in all test groups after 6 months. The effect of energy drinks solutions on the surface roughness parameter of resin composites depends on type of solution and its acidity contents.

How to cite this article

Al-Samadani KH. Effect of Energy Drinks on the Surface Texture of Nanofilled Composite Resin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):830-835.
A Cephalometric Study to Determine the Center of Anteroposterior Curve of Occlusion in the Cranium
Authors: Vinod V , Balamurugan R , Nilawar Sanjay , Kumar Thota Kiran , Thomas Vivek , Marwaha Baldeep Singh
Published: February 2014

Proper management of the occlusal plane is an essential consideration when multiple long span posterior restorations are designed. When restorations are added to an existing tooth arrangement characterized by rotated, tipped or extruded teeth, excursive interferences may be incorporated. The curve of Spee which exists in natural dentition, allows harmony to exist between the anterior teeth and the condylar guidance. Broadrick flag or occlusal plane analyzer is used to assist in the reproduction of tooth morphology that is commensurate with the curve of Spee when posterior restorations are designed; its use prevents the introduction of protrusive interferences. The current study determines the relationship of the center of anteroposterior curve of occlusion in the cranium and its relationship to other cephalometric landmarks and also evaluates the relationship of anteroposterior curve of occlusion to the condyle.

How to cite this article

Kumar TK, Thomas V, Nilawar S, Balamurugan R, Marwaha BS, Vinod V. A Cephalometric Study to Determine the Center of Anteroposterior Curve of Occlusion in the Cranium. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):836-841.
Flowable Composite an Alternative Orthodontic Bonding Adhesive: An in vitro Study
Authors: Chidambaram S , Reddy KV Baburam , Kumar K Supradeep , Rao C Hanumantha , Girish HC , Murgod Sanjay
Published: February 2014

Objective

To determine the clinical applicability of Ormocer based flowable adhesive (Admira flow) in comparison with BisGMA based adhesive (Transbond XT) and Ormocer based packable adhesive (Admira).

Materials and methods

Sixty human premolars, divided into group I (n = 20) Transbond XT, group II (n = 20) Admira and group III (n = 20) Admira flow were bonded with metal brackets using adhesives. Brackets were debonded in shear on an Instron universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm per minute. The mode of bond failure was determined by modified ARI index.

Results

The results obtained from SBS evaluation and modified ARI showed highest shear bond strength for Transbond XT (SD 11.64) 3.68 followed by Admira flow (SD 11.0) 2.87 and least for Admira (SD 9.42) 2.21. However, the difference was not statistically significant, but an intergroup comparison done using Independent student ‘t’ test, showed statically significant difference between Transbond XT and Admira. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed least survival median value for Admira, but the survival median value is not statistically significant among the three groups. All groups had modified ARI score of three (60-70%), suggestive of cohesive type of failure.

Conclusion

The in vitro study showed that flowable Ormocer can be an good alternative to commonly used BisGMA based adhesive but the its efficacy needs clinical assessment through a survival analysis.

Clinical significance

Admire flow can definitely be considered as an alternative bonding system due to their comparable bond strength and debonding characters and reported properties of biocompatibility.

How to cite this article

Kumar KS, Rao CH, Reddy KVB, Chidambaram S, Girish HC, Murgod S. Flowable Composite an Alternative Orthodontic Bonding Adhesive: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):883-886.
Shear Bond Strength of Acrylic Teeth to Acrylic Denture Base after Different Surface Conditioning Methods
Authors: Mehta Nidhi , Madhav Gajula Venu , Raj Soundar , Yadav Naveen , Mudgal Ishitha , Tatwadiya Riddhi
Published: February 2014

Background and Objectives

Acrylic resin ruled the dental profession for 60 years, and this success is attributed to its aesthetics, handling properties, physical and biological compatibility, its stability in oral environment and its cost effectiveness. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the bond strength of acrylic resin teeth treated with various conditioning materials like monomer and silane coupling agent.

Methdology

A study was carried out in which 96 samples were grouped into 3 groups with a sample size of 32 each (16 premolars, 16 molars). They were conditioned with different conditioning materials i,e monomer and silane coupling agent. Monomer, Silane coupling agent are coated on the ridge lap area before thermocycling and cured according to the manufacturer recommendations. The samples are retained from the flask; trimmed and polished. The samples are then subjected to shear bond strength using the Insteron Universal Testing Machine.

Results

In the present study it was found that application of monomer increased the bond strength between acrylic teeth and denture base, when compared to the conventionally processed samples. However it was found that application of silane coupling agent further increased the shear bond strength between acrylic teeth and denture base.

Interprations and conclusions

Within the confines of this study it is found that there was a significant improvement in the bond strength between the acrylic teeth and denture base when silane coupling agent and monomer were used as surface conditioning material. The order of shear strength of samples is control > monomer > silane coupling agent.

How to cite this article

Madhav GV, Raj S, Yadav N, Mudgal I, Mehta N, Tatwadiya R. Shear Bond Strength of Acrylic Teeth to Acrylic Denture Base after Different Surface Conditioning Methods. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):892-897.
A Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Different Pits and Fissure Sealants: An in vitro Study
Authors: Barabde Aparna S , Singh Nitin , Agrawal Govind , Subhash AV , Suneela S , Kumar G Ajay
Published: February 2014

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the shear bond strength of three different pits and fissure sealants to enamel namely, Delton, Clinpro and Z350 Filtek flowable composite.

Materials and methods

Ninety permanent molars were divided into three groups of 30 each. Their proximal surfaces were prepared and stored in 37°C ± 5°C normal saline for 24 hours. Sealant buttons were prepared. The specimens were tested in a shear mode (Lloyds LR100K) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The mean and standard deviations were subjected to an analysis of variance.

Results

The mean shear bond strength of samples of Delton was 10.33 MPa; Clinpro was 8.51 MPa and Z350 Filtek flowable was 12.17 MPa. The mean strength of Delton was significantly higher as compared to Clinpro whereas the mean strength of Z350 Filtek was significantly higher as compared to Delton and Clinpro (Student t-test, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Z350 Filtek flowable composite had maximum shear bond strength than Delton FS sealant followed by Clinpro sealant.

Clinical significance

In this study, we compare the bond strength of three pits and fissure sealant, Clinpro yielded lower bond strength than Delton. This outcome can be described due to the presence of fillers in Delton, since these particles increase the resistance of the material to abrasion and also increase the mechanical resistance of the material.

How to cite this article

Singh N, Agrawal G, Subhash AV, Suneela S, Barabde AS, Kumar GA. A Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Different Pits and Fissure Sealants: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):917-923.
Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kulshrestha Reena , Kranthi J , Rao P Krishna , Jenner Feroz , Jaleel V Abdul , Maheswar G
Published: February 2014

Aim

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens.

Materials and methods

Six herbal toothpastes that were commonly commercially available were included in the study. Colgate herbal, Babool, Meswak, Neem active, Dabur red toothpastes were tested for the study whereas sterile normal saline was used as control. Antimicrobial efficacies of dentifrices were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial properties of dentifrices were tested by measuring the maximum zone of inhibition at 24 hours on the Mueller Hinton Agar media inoculated with microbial strain using disk diffusion method. Each dentifrice was tested at 100% concentration (full strength).

Results

The study showed that all dentifrices selected for the study were effective against the entire test organism but to varying degree. Neem active tooth paste gave a reading of 25.4 mm as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices. Colgate Herbal and Meswak dentifrices recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 23 and 22.6 mm respectively, compared to other toothpastes. All other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 17 and 19 mm respectively.

Conclusion

The antibacterial properties of six dentifrices were studied in vitro and concluded that almost all of the dentifrices available commercially had antibacterial properties to some extent to benefit dental health or antiplaque action.

How to cite this article

Jenner F, Jaleel VA, Kulshrestha R, Maheswar G, Rao PK, Kranthi J. Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):924-929.
A Novel Treatment of Gingival Recession using a Botanical Topical Gingival Patch and Mouthrinse
Authors: Levine William Z , Samuels Noah , Sheshet Meytal Elia Bar , Grbic John T
Published: February 2014

Background and aim

Current treatment of gingival recession (GR) is limited to surgical procedures. We describe a case series of 18 patients with GR who were treated with a botanical patch and rinse following standard conservative therapy.

Case series description

A total of 22 sites with GR > 1 mm were studied. Following scaling and root planing (SRP) and oral hygiene instruction, patients received two courses of patch treatment (3 days each) and botanical rinse administered twice daily throughout the treatment period. Outcome measures (GR, gingival index (GI) and gingival thickness (GT) were taken at baseline; at 1 to 2 weeks; 2 to 4 weeks; and at 6 to 8 weeks. Miller classification and plaque index (PI) were measured at baseline and at 6 to 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, mean GR decreased from 4.18 ± 1.74 mm to 3.31 ± 1.51 mm (20.8%); Miller grade from 1.86 ± 0.56 to 1.06 ± 0.43; GI scores from 1.45 ± 0.63 to 0.17 ± 0.38 (88.3%); and PI scores from 1.33 ± 0.59 to 0.78 ± 0.94. GT increased from 0.74 mm ± 0.40 to 1.21 ± 0.39 (63.5%). No adverse effects were reported with either the patch or rinse treatments

Conclusion

We observed a decrease in GR and GI scores in 18 patients (22 sites) treated with the study patch and rinse, with increased GT.

How to cite this article

Levine WZ, Samuels N, Sheshet MEB, Grbic JT. A Novel Treatment of Gingival Recession using a Botanical Topical Gingival Patch and Mouthrinse. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):948-953.
Removal of a Fractured Locator Abutment Screw Fragment
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Vierra Matthew Joseph , Asar Neset Volkan
Published: February 2014

Background

Although, dental implants have been a predictable option to support several types of restorations, mechanical problems are not uncommon. Retaining and abutment screw loosenings/fractures are one of the most common technical problems.

Aim

To present a step-by-step technique in order to remove a broken locater abutment screw fragment.

Materials and methods

A 56-year-old, edentulous man with a fractured locator abutment screw in an implant was referred to our clinic from a private practice. His dentist placed a narrow platform locator abutment onto a regular platform implant and the fracture occurred. Attempts to remove the fractured fragment using a periodontal probe and a manual screw removal driver were unsuccessful.

Results

This clinical report presents a situation in which a fractured locater abutment screw fragment was successfully removed using an implant repair kit.

Conclusion

A fractured locater abutment screw fragment was successfully removed using an implant repair kit including drills, drill guides and tapping instruments. To avoid similar complications, it is recommended to use appropriate manufacturer specified torque values in conjunction with compatible restorative components.

Clinical significance

Retaining and abutment screw loosenings/fractures are one of the most common mechanical problems associated with the implant components. This clinical report showed how to remove a broken screw fragment using proper armamentarium and technique, which might help clinicians eliminate similar problems.

How to cite this article

Turkyilmaz I, Vierra MJ, Asar NV. Removal of a Fractured Locater Abutment Screw Fragment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):968-972.
Utilization of Different Management Concepts in Fractured Tooth Fragment Reattachment: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Venkataraghavan Karthik , Patel Nishtha , Patel Kiran , Madan Sonal
Published: February 2014

Traumatic injuries of teeth involve varying degrees of damage to the supporting soft tissues or the teeth itself. A very common injury to the permanent dentition affecting children and adolescents during their growing years is the anterior crown fracture.

Recent developments in restorative material, placement techniques, preparation designs, and an adhesive protocol allow clinicians to predictably restore fractured teeth. With the advent of adhesive dentistry the process of fragment reattachment has become simplified and more reliable. This procedure provides an improved function, is relatively faster to perform and at the same time provides long lasting esthetics.

This paper discusses various innovative techniques of fracture reattachment depending on the complexity of the case.

How to cite this article

Patel N, Patel K, Venkataraghavan K, Madan S. Utilization of Different Management Concepts in Fractured Tooth Fragment Reattachment: A Report of Three Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):973-979.
A case study of aerosol depletion in a biomass burning plume over Eastern Canada during the 2011 BORTAS field experiment
Authors: Franklin J. E. , Drummond J. R. , Griffin D. , Pierce J. R. , Waugh D. L. , Palmer P. I. , Parrington M. , Lee J. D. , Lewis A. C. , Rickard A. R. , Taylor J. W. , Allan J. D. , Coe H. , Walker K. A. , Chisholm L. , Duck T. J. , Hopper J. T. , Blanchard Y. , Gibson M. D. , Curry K. R. , Sakamoto K. M. , Lesins G. , Dan L. , Kliever J. , Saha A.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. We present measurements of a long range smoke transport event recorded on 20–21 July 2011 over Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, during the Quantifying the impact of BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites (BORTAS-B) campaign. Ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers and photometers detected air masses associated with large wildland fires burning in eastern Manitoba and western Ontario. We investigate a plume with high trace gas amounts but low amounts of particles that preceded and overlapped at the Halifax site with a second plume with high trace gas loadings and significant amounts of particulate material. We show that the first plume experienced a meteorological scavenging event but the second plume had not been similarly scavenged. This points to the necessity to account carefully for the plume history when considering long range transport since simultaneous or near-simultaneous times of arrival are not necessarily indicative of either similar trajectories or meteorological history. We investigate the origin of the scavenged plume, and the possibility of an aerosol wet deposition event occurring in the plume ~24 h prior to the measurements over Halifax. The region of lofting and scavenging is only monitored on an intermittent basis by the present observing network, and thus we must consider many different pieces of evidence in an effort to understand the early dynamics of the plume. Through this discussion we also demonstrate the value of having many simultaneous remote-sensing measurements in order to understand the physical and chemical behaviour of biomass burning plumes.
The climate impact of ship NOx emissions: an improved estimate accounting for plume chemistry
Authors: Holmes C. D. , Prather M. J. , Vinken G. C. M.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from maritime shipping produce ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radicals (OH), which in turn destroy methane (CH4). The balance between this warming (due to O3) and cooling (due to CH4) determines the net effect of ship NOx on climate. Previous estimates of the chemical impact and radiative forcing (RF) of ship NOx have generally assumed that plumes of ship exhaust are instantly diluted into model grid cells spanning hundreds of kilometers, even though this is known to produce biased results. Here we improve the parametric representation of exhaust-gas chemistry developed in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) to provide the first estimate of RF from shipping that accounts for sub-grid-scale ship plume chemistry. The CTM now calculates O3 production and CH4 loss both within and outside the exhaust plumes and also accounts for the effect of wind speed. With the improved modeling of plumes, ship NOx perturbations are smaller than suggested by the ensemble of past global modeling studies, but if we assume instant dilution of ship NOx on the grid scale, the CTM reproduces previous model results. Our best estimates of the RF components from increasing ship NOx emissions by 1 Tg(N) yr−1 are smaller than given in the past literature: +3.4 ± 0.85 mW m−2 from the short-lived ozone increase, −5.0 ± 1.1 mW m−2 from the CH4 decrease, and −1.7 ± 0.7 mW m−2 from the long-lived O3 decrease that accompanies the CH4 change. The resulting net RF is −3.3 ± 1.8 mW m−2 for emissions of 1 Tg(N) yr−1. Due to non-linearity in O3 production as a function of background NOx, RF from large changes in ship NOx emissions, such as the increase since preindustrial times, is about 20% larger than this RF value for small marginal emission changes. Using sensitivity tests in one CTM, we quantify sources of uncertainty in the RF components and causes of the ±30% spread in past model results. The main source of uncertainty is the composition of the background atmosphere in the CTM, which is driven by model formulation (±10 to 20%) and the plausible range of anthropogenic emissions (±10%).
Airborne multiwavelength High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) observations during TCAP 2012: vertical profiles of optical and microphysical properties of a smoke/urban haze plume over the northeastern coast of the US
Authors: Müller D. , Hostetler C. A. , Ferrare R. A. , Burton S. P. , Chemyakin E. , Kolgotin A. , Hair J. W. , Cook A. L. , Harper D. B. , Rogers R. R. , Hare R. W. , Cleckner C. S. , Obland M. D. , Tomlinson J. , Berg L. K. , Schmid B.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. We present measurements acquired by the world's first airborne multiwavelength High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2), developed by NASA Langley Research Center. The instrument was operated during Phase 1 of the Department of Energy (DOE) Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP)in July 2012. We observed pollution outflow from the northeast coast of the US out over the West Atlantic Ocean. Lidar ratios were 50–60 sr at 355 nm and 60–70 sr at 532 nm. Extinction-related Ångström exponents were on average 1.2–1.7 indicating comparably small particles. Our novel automated, unsupervised data inversion algorithm retrieves particle effective radii of approximately 0.2 μm, which is in agreement with the large Ångström exponents. We find good agreement with particle size parameters obtained from coincident in situ measurements carried out with the DOE Gulfstream-1 aircraft.
Dissolved Fe across the Weddell Sea and Drake Passage: impact of DFe on nutrient uptake
Authors: Klunder M. B. , Laan P. , De Baar H. J. W. , Middag R. , Neven I. , Van Ooijen J.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. This manuscript reports the first full depth distributions of dissolved iron (DFe) over a high-resolution Weddell Sea and Drake Passage transect. Very low dissolved DFe concentrations (0.01–0.1 nM range) were observed in the surface waters of the Weddell Sea, and within the Drake Passage polar regime. Locally, enrichment in surface DFe was observed, likely due to recent ice melt (Weddell Sea) or dust deposition (Drake Passage). As expected, in low DFe regions, usually a small silicate drawdown compared to the nitrate drawdown was observed. However, the difference in drawdown between these nutrients appeared not related to DFe availability in the western Weddell Sea. In this region with relatively small diatoms, no relationship between N : P and N : Si removal ratios and DFe was observed. In comparison, along the Greenwich Meridian (Klunder et al., 2011a), where diatoms are significantly larger, the N : P and N : Si removal ratios did increase with increasing DFe. These findings confirm the important role of DFe in biologically mediated nutrient cycles in the Southern Ocean and imply DFe availability might play a role in shaping phytoplankton communities and constraining cell sizes. Over the shelf around the Antarctic Peninsula, higher DFe concentrations (>1.5 nM) were observed. These elevated concentrations of Fe were transported into Drake Passage along isopycnal surfaces. Near the South American continent, high (>2 nM) DFe concentrations were caused by fluvial/glacial input of DFe. On the Weddell Sea side of the Peninsula region, formation of deep water (by downslope convection) caused relatively high Fe (0.6–0.8 nM) concentrations in the bottom waters relative to the water masses at mid-depth (0.2–0.4 nM). During transit of Weddell Sea Bottom Water to the Drake Passage, through the Scotia Sea, additional DFe is taken up from seafloor sources, resulting in highest bottom water concentrations in the southernmost part of the Drake Passage in excess of 1 nM. The Weddell Sea Deep Water concentrations (∼0.32 nM) were consistent with the lowest DFe concentrations observed in Antarctic bottom water in the Atlantic Ocean.
Environmental forcing of the Campeche cold-water coral province, southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hebbeln D. , Wienberg C. , Wintersteller P. , Freiwald A. , Becker M. , Beuck L. , Dullo C. , Eberli G. P. , Glogowski S. , Matos L. , Forster N. , Reyes-Bonilla H. , Taviani M. , MSM shipboard scientific party the
Published: February 2014

Abstract. With an extension of >40 km2 the recently discovered Campeche cold-water coral province located at the northeastern rim of the Campeche Bank in the southern Gulf of Mexico belongs to the largest coherent cold-water coral areas discovered so far. The Campeche province consists of numerous 20 to 40 m high coral ridges that are developed in intermediate water depths of 500 to 600 m. The ridges are colonized by a vivid cold-water coral ecosystem that covers the upper flanks and summits. The rich coral community is dominated by the framework-building scleractinia Enallopsammia profunda and Lophelia pertusa while the associated benthic megafauna shows a rather scarce occurrence. The recent environmental setting is characterized by a high surface water production caused by a local upwelling center and a dynamic bottom water regime comprising vigorous bottom currents, internal waves and strong density contrasts, which all together provide optimal conditions for the growth of cold-water corals. The strong hydrodynamics – potentially supported by the diel vertical migration of zooplankton in the Campeche area – drive the delivering of food particles to the corals. The Campeche cold-water coral province is, thus, an excellent example highlighting the importance of the hydrographic setting in securing the food supply for the development of large and vivid cold-water coral ecosystems.
Distinct lake level lowstand in Lake Prespa (SE Europe) at the time of the 74 (75) ka Toba eruption
Authors: Wagner B. , Leng M. J. , Wilke T. , Böhm A. , Panagiotopoulos K. , Vogel H. , Lacey J. H. , Zanchetta G. , Sulpizio R.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. The 74 (75) ka Toba eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia, is considered to be one of the largest volcanic events during the Quaternary. Tephra from the Toba eruption has been found in many terrestrial and marine sedimentary deposits, and acidity peaks related to the eruption have been used to synchronize ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica. Seismic profiles and sedimentological data from Lake Prespa on the Balkan Peninsula, SE Europe, indicate a lake level lowstand at 73.6 ± 7.7 ka based on ESR dating of shells. Tephrostratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and tuning of the total organic carbon content with the NGRIP isotope record, corroborate that the lake level lowstand was a short-term event superimposed on the general cooling trend at the end of MIS 5, most likely at the onset of the Greenland Stadial GS-20. Acknowledging that tectonic events or karst processes could have triggered this lake level lowstand, the chronological correspondence between the lowstand and the Toba eruption is intriguing. Therefore a Toba-driven short-term shift to aridity in the Balkan region, leading to lake level changes and triggering spatial expansion events in one of the lake's most abundant benthic species, the carino mussel Dreissena presbensis, cannot be excluded.
Wind waves on the Black Sea: results of a hindcast study
Authors: Arkhipkin V. S. , Gippius F. N. , Koltermann K. P. , Surkova G. V.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. In this study we describe the wind waves fields on the Black Sea. The general aims of the work were the estimation of statistical wave parameters and the assessment of interannual and seasonal storm variability. The domain of this study was the entire Black Sea. Wave parameters were calculated by means of the SWAN wave model on a 5 km × 5 km rectangular grid. Initial conditions (wind speed and direction) for the period between 1948 and 2010 were derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. In our calculations the average significant wave height on the Black Sea does not exceed 0.7 m. Areas of most significant storminess are the south-western and the north-eastern corners as expressed in the spatial distribution of wave heights, wave lengths and periods. Besides that, long-term annual variations of storminess were estimated. Thus, linear trends of the annual total duration of storms and of their quantity are nearly stable over the reanalysis period. However, an intensification of storm activity is observed in the 1960s–1970s.
An extended approach for spatiotemporal gapfilling: dealing with large and systematic gaps in geoscientific datasets
Authors: v. Buttlar J. , Zscheischler J. , Mahecha M. D.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Spatiotemporal observations in Earth System sciences are often affected by numerous and/or systematically distributed gaps. This data fragmentation is inherited from instrument failures, sparse measurement protocols, or unfavourable conditions (e.g. clouds or vegetation thickness in case of remote-sensing data). Missing values are problematic as they may cause analytic biases and often inhibit advanced statistical analyses. Hence, gapfilling is an undesired but necessary task in Earth System sciences. State-of-the-art gapfilling algorithms based on Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) exploit the information contained in periodic temporal patterns to fill gaps in the observations. Here we propose an extension of this method in order to additionally consider the spatial processes and patterns underlying most geoscientific datasets. The latter has been made possible by including a recently developed 2-D-SSA approach. Using both artificial and real-world test data, we show that simultaneously exploiting spatial and temporal patterns improves the gapfilling substantially. We outperform conventional approaches particularly for large and systematically recurring gaps. The new method is reasonably fast and can be applied with a minimum of a priori assumptions regarding the structure of the data and the distribution of gaps. The algorithm is available as a ready-to-use open source software package.
Mapping the bathymetry of supraglacial lakes and streams on the Greenland ice sheet using field measurements and high-resolution satellite images
Authors: Legleiter C. J. , Tedesco M. , Smith L. C. , Behar A. E. , Overstreet B. T.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Recent melt events on the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) accentuate the need to constrain estimates of sea level rise through improved characterization of meltwater pathways. This effort will require more precise estimates of the volume of water stored on the surface of the GrIS. We assessed the potential to obtain such information by mapping the bathymetry of supraglacial lakes and streams from WorldView2 (WV2) satellite images. Simultaneous in situ observations of depth and reflectance from two streams and a lake with measured depths up to 10.45 m were used to test a spectrally based depth retrieval algorithm. We performed optimal band ratio analysis (OBRA) of continuous field spectra and spectra convolved to the bands of the WV2, Landsat 7 (ETM+), MODIS, and ASTER sensors. The field spectra yielded a strong relationship with depth (R2 = 0.94), and OBRA R2 values were nearly as high (0.87–0.92) for convolved spectra, suggesting that these sensors' broader bands would be sufficient for depth retrieval. Our field measurements thus indicated that remote sensing of supraglacial bathymetry is not only feasible but potentially highly accurate. OBRA of spectra from 2 m-pixel WV2 images acquired within 3–72 h of our field observations produced an optimal R2 value of 0.92 and unbiased, precise depth estimates, with mean and root mean square errors < 1% and 10–25% of the mean depth. Bathymetric maps produced by applying OBRA relations revealed subtle features of lake and channel morphology. In addition to providing refined storage volume estimates for lakes of various sizes, this approach can help provide estimates of the transient flux of meltwater through streams.
Epilepsy and Inflammation in the Brain: Overview and Pathophysiology
Authors: Vezzani Annamaria
Published: February 2014

The possibility that inflammatory processes in the brain contribute to the etiopathogenesis of seizures and the establishment of a chronic epileptic focus is increasingly recognized as a result of supportive evidence in experimental models and in the clinical setting. Prototypical inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1beta) and “danger signals” (such as HMGB1 and S100beta) are overexpressed in human and experimental epileptogenic tissue, prominently by glia. Neurons and endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier contribute to inflammatory processes. All these cell types also express receptors for inflammatory mediators, suggesting that inflammatory molecules in the brain exert both autocrine and paracrine activation of intracellular signaling cascades; thus, they may act as soluble mediators of cell communication in diseased tissue.

In experimental models, seizures also trigger brain inflammation in the absence of cell loss; in human epileptogenic tissue, the type of neuropathology associated with chronic seizures contributes to determine the type of cells expressing the inflammatory mediators, and the extent to which inflammation occurs.

Inflammatory molecules, such as IL-1beta and HMGB1, have proconvulsant activity in various seizure models, most likely by decreasing seizure threshold via functional interactions with classical neurotransmitter systems. These findings reveal novel glioneuronal communications in epileptic tissue that highlight potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Status Epilepticus in the Setting of Acute Encephalitis
Authors: Lowenstein Daniel H. , Walker Matthew , Waterhouse Elizabeth
Published: February 2014

Ms. Q, a 29-year-old woman, began to behave strangely, claiming to see and hear imaginary people. The following day, she was confused and somnolent in the morning. In the late morning, she had a generalized tonic–clonic seizure and was transported to the hospital.

Her past medical and developmental histories were unremarkable. She took a daily oral contraceptive and had no drug allergies. She worked as a teacher and had been married for one year.

On initial examination, blood pressure was 129/82, pulse 88, respiratory rate 16, temperature 37.5 °C. She was stuporous, moving her arms appropriately in response to a painful stimulus. Pupils were 2 mm and reactive. There was no gaze preference, and the rest of the examination was nonfocal. About 30 minutes after her first seizure, she had a second GTCS and was given 4 mg lorazepam intravenously. She had a third GTCS 6 min after her second seizure and received a second dose of lorazepam. Initial blood tests—including complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, urinalysis, and toxic screen—were normal. Head CT was normal. She remained stuporous.

EEG demonstrated waxing and waning electrographic ictal activity, and she was loaded with fosphenytoin. Intermittent electrographic seizure activity persisted, and a continuous infusion of intravenous propofol was administered. After 24 hr, propofol was weaned, but electrographic seizures recurred and it was restarted.
Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf
Authors: Carneiro Miguel , Martins Rogélia , Landi Monica , Costa Filipe O.
Published: February 2014

The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences. It comprises a total of 1191 species, distributed among 3 superclasses, 4 classes, 42 orders, 212 families and 617 genera. If considering only the EEZ and present territorial waters, this list represents an increase of 230 species (27.8%) and of 238 species (29.0%), when compared to the information available in FishBase (2012) and in the last checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Portugal (1993), respectively. The order Perciformes shows the highest diversity, with 54 families, 162 genera and 299 species. Stomiidae (80 species), Myctophidae (71 species) and Macrouridae (37 species) are the richest families. From the listed species, 734 are present off mainland Portugal, 857 off the Azores and 766 off Madeira. Within the limits of the examined area, three species are reported for the first time in mainland Portugal and twenty-nine records are identified as doubtful. A total of 133 species have been recorded from the extended Portuguese continental shelf (2 off mainland Portugal, 117 off the Azores and 14 off Madeira), two of which are common to the Azores and Madeira extensions. Biogeographically, the Atlantic group is the most important (548 species – 46.01%), followed by the Lusitanian group (256 species – 21.49%), the African group (71 species – 5.96%), the Boreal group (34 species – 2.85%), the Mediterranean group (31 species – 2.60%), the Macaronesian group (21 species – 1.76%), the Atlantic/African group (19 species – 1.60%) and the Mediterranean/African and the Arctic groups, each with only 1 species (0.08%). Regarding the preferences for vertical habitat, the demersal fishes are the most important group (305 species – 25.61%), followed by the mesopelagic group (228 species – 19.14%), the bathypelagic group (164 species – 13.77%), the benthopelagic group (147 species – 12.34%), the bathydemersal group (115 species – 9.66%), the reef-associated group (88 species – 7.39%), the pelagic group (74 species – 6.21%), the epipelagic group (58 species – 4.87%) and 1 species (0.08%) of the benthic group. The oceanic habitat is the best represented group comprising 446 species (37.45%), followed by the shelf group (199 species – 16.71%), the slope group (164 species – 13.77%), the inner shelf group (89 species – 7.47%), the coastal group (70 species – 5.88%), the outer shelf group (29 species – 2.43%) and the oceanic/shelf group (7 species – 0.59%).
Influence des comportements problématiques dans l’évaluation du comportement adaptatif
Authors: Richer Louis , Lachance Lise , Côté Alain
Published: February 2014

L’accès aux services spécialisés repose sur un diagnostic de déficience intellectuelle. Le critère le plus difficile à appliquer concerne le comportement adaptatif. Les comportements problématiques y sont peu définis et, selon l’American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), devraient être considérés distinctement. Comment deux construits reflétant l’adaptation pourraient ne pas être associés? Cette étude s’intéresse aux liens entre les comportements adaptatifs et problématiques. Au total, 211 mères et 164 pères d’enfants recevant des services d’un Centre de Réadaptation en Déficience Intellectuelle et Troubles Envahissants du Développement (CRDITED) ont répondu à un questionnaire tandis qu’un éducateur et un enseignant répertoriaient respectivement les comportements adaptatifs et problématiques des enfants. Des liens significatifs entre les comportements adaptatifs et problématiques sont observés. Il serait opportun que la planification des services tienne plus spécifiquement compte de ces derniers puisque les besoins de soutien de l’enfant et de sa famille y sont reliés.
À la recherche de sa propre voie : Charles de Menou, sa famille et sa carrière en Acadie
Authors: Kennedy Gregory M. W. , McNeil Françoise
Published: February 2014

Cet article propose une nouvelle interprétation d’un personnage à la fois important et controversé de l’histoire de l’Acadie, Charles de Menou. Grâce à une analyse des documents historiques en lien avec ses parents et sa famille, l’article démontre que si Charles était certainement typique de l’ancienne noblesse de l’épée quant à ses opinions et à sa conduite, il a plutôt déjoué les attentes de sa famille et a rompu les liens avec son père par sa carrière en Acadie. Si Charles a contribué à la fondation d’une colonie permanente, il a également laissé la ruine financière et une réputation ternie en héritage à sa veuve et à ses enfants. S’il avait eu l’espoir d’avoir établi un nouveau domaine familial en Acadie, aucun de ses enfants n’est demeuré dans la colonie ; qui plus est, ils sont tous morts sans aucune descendance.
L’ennemi et l’hôte : représenter l’Acadien dans l’historiographie de la Déportation en Nouvelle-Angleterre de 1755 à nos jours1
Authors: Vasquez-Parra Adeline
Published: February 2014

Ce bilan historiographique met en perspective les différentes constructions de l’identité acadienne au travers de l’écriture de la déportation en Nouvelle-Angleterre. Tantôt « prisonnier de guerre », « réfugié » ou « ennemi français », la figure de l’Acadien apparaît souvent dans l’historiographie comme une figure de l’altérité. Largement dépendante du contexte historique dans lequel elle prend place, la représentation de l’Acadien devient aussi un moyen, chez certains historiens, d’excuser les torts de leur nation ou, à l’inverse, d’accuser ceux d’autres nations dans leur déportation. La mise à jour de cette figure révèle pourtant des échanges intellectuels entre historiens de différentes nationalités et langue d’écriture. L’exploitation de leurs sources et l’oubli de certaines autres feront aussi l’objet de cet article.
ЛИЧНОСТ И КРИМИНАЛНО ПОНАШАЊЕ
Authors: Врућинић Жана
Published: February 2014

Ниједна расправа о личности не може почети без призна-вања улоге психоанализе. Психоаналитичка теорија, коју је развио Сиг-мунд Фројд, аустријски психијатар, каже да сви људи имају природне на-гоне који су потиснути у несвјесном дијелу личности. Према Фројду, свиљуди имају криминалне склоности. Ове тенденције су, међутим, обузда-не кроз процес социјализације. У другом дијелу рада биће представљенеособине личности које су досљедно биле повезане са криминалним пона-шањем, у које убрајамо; импулсивност, негативну емоционалност, потрагуза новим, тражење сензација, савјесност, емпатију, алтруизам и моралнорасуђивање.
ОДНОС ПОЛИЦИЈЕ И ЈАВНОСТИ СА АСПЕКТА ПРИМЈЕНЕ КОНЦЕПТА РАДА ПОЛИЦИЈЕ У ЗАЈЕДНИЦИ
Authors: Пена Душко , Ђукић Борислав
Published: February 2014

Примјена концепта рада полиције у заједници условље-на је бројним претпоставкама везано за обуку и селекцију кадра, обукуу примјени концепта у пракси, стварање адекватне организације поли-ције која подржава примјену концепта и друго. Једна од посебно битнихпретпоставки успјешне примјене концепта везана је за изградњу односаповјерења између полиције и грађана, односно партнерског односа. У томсмислу, градња односа полиције и јавности поставља се као нека врстапретходне претпоставке за примјену концепта рада полиције у заједницеу правом смислу, онако како то овај концепт и подразумијева. Ради се, уствари, о односима повјерења и међусобног уважавања једних од странедругих, створених кроз стицање неке врсте угледа полиције у одређенојзаједници. Само полиција коју јавност идентификује позитивним предзна-ком, може рачунати да има реалне претпоставке да изгради концепт радаполиције у заједници на здравим основама. То је дугорочан и мукотрпанпосао који подразумијева одговарајући статус полиције у заједници и санивоа полицијске организације и са нивоа појединца – репрезента те орга-низације у заједници. Те релације је неопходно стално дограђивати и обо-гаћивати, јер концепт рада полиције у заједници је креативан процес којитражи сталну надоградњу и нова и нова доказивања. За успјешну примје-ну концепта рада полиције у заједнице не смије се дозволити луксуз дати односи не буду добри, јер не само да се примјена концепта инхибира упракси, већ се изграђено повјерење може потпуно нарушити до границанепроводивости концепта.
СТАНДАРДИ ЕВРОПСКОГ КОМИТЕТА ЗА СПРЕЧАВАЊЕ МУЧЕЊА И НЕЧОВЈЕЧНОГ ИЛИ ПОНИЖАВАЈУЋЕГ ПОСТУПАЊА ИЛИ КАЖЊАВАЊА, С ОСВРТОМ НА ЊИХОВУ ПРИМЈЕНУ У ВЕЗИ С ПОЛИЦИЈСКИМ ПРИТВОРОМ И ЗАТВОРСКИМ СЛУЖБАМА У БиХ
Authors: Бјелогрлић Славиша , Иветић Стево
Published: February 2014

Рад садржи преглед систематизованих Стандарда Ев-ропског комитета за спречавање мучења и нечовјечног или понижавајућегпоступања или кажњавања (2002 – рев. 2011) који се односе на областиполицијски притвор и затворске службе, као и поједине препоруке Ко-митета везане за наведене области садржане у извјештајима о посјетамадржавама уговорницама Европскe конвенцијe о спречавању мучења и не-човјечног или понижавајућег поступања или кажњавања. Рад се осврће ина суштинске препоруке Комитета у вези с наведеним стандардима упуће-не БиХ, садржане у извјештајима о посјети БиХ 2012. и 2013.
ЕФИКАСНОСТ МИНИСТАРСТВА УНУТРАШЊИХ ПОСЛОВА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ У БОРБИ ПРОТИВ ТРГОВИНЕ ЉУДИМА -изазови и препреке-
Authors: Бојић Дражан
Published: February 2014

Предмет анализе у овом раду је улога Министарства уну-трашњих послова Републике Српске (МУП РС) у борби против трговинељудима као безбједносне пријетње. У раду се апострофирају могући не-достаци и проблеми који се појављују у раду МУП-а РС у борби против тогкриминала у свим његовим појавним облицима. Потенцијални проблемии потешкоће у раду МУП-а РС, структурног су и законодавног карактера,због постојећих недостатака у кривичноправном и институционалномсмислу. На крају, за постизање већег степена успјешности МУП РС у борбипротив трговине људима, на основу анализе и изведених логичких закљу-чака, предложени су одређени кораци и препоруке.