bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature as an experience of globalisation: An interview with Svend Erik Larsen
Authors: Shuling Li , Erik Larsen Svend
Published: February 2021

Svend Erik Larsen is Professor Emeritus of Comparative Literature at Aarhus University, Denmark, and a member of Academia Europaea. He has authored more than 10 books and 400 articles. His latest works include journal articles, ‘Australia between White Australia and Multiculturalism: A World Literature Perspective’ (2017), ‘Migration and Translation in a World Literature Perspective’ (2017), ‘World Literature in an Extended Media Landscape’ (2017),Yingyong Fuhaoxue(2018) and the monographLiterature and the Experience of Globalization: Texts without Borders(2017), translated asWu bianjie wenben: wenxue yu quanqiuhua(2020). Professor Larsen was interviewed by Doctor Li Shuling while he was in China to give a series of lectures on literature and globalisation. Speaking about the problems in the current research on literature and globalisation, Professor Larsen suggests viewing globalisation as a cultural process and to reread literary works from both historical and global perspectives. This implies studying literature and world literature framed against the concrete everyday experience of globalisation in highly developed societies as well as in poor marginalised regions. He expounds the focal points of literary studies in globalised conditions, the dynamic relationship between local literature and world literature, the challenges and opportunities before minor literature and micro literature today, and the path for local literature to become global. He believes that world literature will help democratise the study of literature in global conditions.
Viewing the world through Lucy Corin’s “Eyes of Dogs”
Authors: D. Frank Nathan
Published: February 2021

Marie-Laure Ryan, Kenneth Foote, and Maoz Azaryahu pave the way, inNarrating Space/Spatializing Narrative(2016), to think of space in narrative as well as narrative in space. I steer their approach through nonhuman space by examining a narrative traversal of “the mesh,” which is Timothy Morton’s spatial metaphor for human and nonhuman interconnection. “A narrative traversal of the mesh” indicates two distinct aspects of narrative motion, which can be thought of as the motion that occurs within a narrative’s fictional spaces (internal), and as the movement of a narrative through the non-fictional spaces of the mesh (external). A narrative’s internal and external motions suggest that a narrative text is itself an enmeshed pocket of nonhuman space that emulates the meshiness of the space that envelops it. The outcome of each “narrative traversal” is that the text purports tobecomethe mesh, but this outcome registers on two scales – that of the storyworld containing a fictional mesh (the internal scale), and that of the actual, non-fictional mesh containing the storyworld (the external scale). Remarkably, each type of traversal relies on and influences the other, so that the tandem dynamism that obtains between them emerges as my object of inquiry more so than either of them individually. Since a narrative’s spatial situation is precisely that of one nonhuman space within the larger mesh, my reading of Lucy Corin’s short story, “Eyes of Dogs,” engages ultimately with the scalar discrepancy between text and world and concludes that narrative may serve as an extramental shelter from correlationism.
Virtual labyrinths: Nancy K. Miller’s and Susan Gubar’s narratives of cancer
Authors: Baena Rosalía
Published: February 2021

In the midst of the age of memoir, where the demarcation between public discourse and private lives has been eroded, a number of life-writing genres figure prominently as identity narratives. Specifically, illness narratives proliferate in both digital and non-digital forms, thus becoming powerful social and cultural forms to understand illness today. This article aims to analyze how online forms are bringing relevant changes both to the genre and to the actual communication of cancer experience. Nancy K. Miller and Susan Gubar choose different forms (visual diary and blog, respectively) to help readers “acknowledge the place of cancer in the world”. Having lived in cancerland for a while, both reject widespread stereotypes about illness, such as being a cancer survivor, the role of the good patient or the need to reject negative emotions such as anger, fear or sadness. Specifically, I will use the concept ofautomedialityin order to explore how subjectivity is constructed in their use of images and new media. This concept may help us further explore the ways in which online forms offer new ways of self-representation and mediation between technology and subjectivities.
Influence of alumina whisker or nano-carbon contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CuZrTiAlNi refractory high entropy alloy composites
Authors: Jiang X. , Chen J. , Sun H. , Shao Z.
Published: February 2021

High-entropy alloy composites were fabricated by ball milling, cold isostatic pressing and microwave sintering to which were added varied contents of Al2O3 whiskers, La-Ce, and carbon nanotubes-graphene, respectively. The structure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and a microhardness tester. The high-entropy alloy and composites show amorphous phases and some crystalline phases. Accordingly, the addition of the reinforcement phase can refine the grain size. The formation mechanism of the phase is mainly related to the factors of mixing entropy, enthalpy, differences in atomic size, and the structure and property of the elements. The hardness of the composites is higher than that of the alloy (437.5 HV), and those composites reinforced by 0.5 wt.-% nanotubes- 0.5 wt.-% graphene are the highest (593.99 HV). The fracture morphology of the Al2O3 whisker reinforced composite shows a river pattern, indicating brittle cleavage. According to the research results, it can be concluded that the strengthening mechanism of the high entropy alloy composites mainly reflects fine grain strengthening and load transfer, and the toughening mechanism mainly crack bridging and a pulling out of the reinforcing phase.
Glosa do wyników kontroli realizacji ustawy o języku polskim
Authors: Nowowiejski Bogusław
Published: February 2021

This article is a commentary on the report on the team of experts' work that assessed the execution of the Act on Polish Language that analyzes the documents issued by central and local state offices. The author does not only supplement the experts report indicating numerous linguistic mistakes and faults, but also considers them in a much broader context and with much more criticism than it follows from the report, evaluating the quality of the Polish contemporary official language.
Речевой этикет в армии и на флоте в Литературных произведениях XIX века
Authors: Anchimiuk Olga
Published: February 2021

The subject of the article are selected elements of linguistic etiquette, strictly speaking polite expressions used in the former Russian army. The author chooses her linguistic material from literary works of selected XIX century Russian writers (Tołstoj, Staniukowicz, Leskow). Specific relations appearing in the army (strong hierarchy and discipline) make it possible to present convention and usefulness of linguistic etiquette. It is used there as a tool to impose discipline, express respect or disrespect, avoid or solve conflicts. The article focused on the forms of linguistic etiquette in the most typical situations: when a higher rank official turns to a lower one or the opposite, the equally ranked turning to one another, and military men turning to each other and civilians. It results from the analysis of the linguistic etiquette presented in the literary works that the writers perceived the army and navy structure as highly hierarchical. Social background decided about man’s value in the army, which was reflected in the conventions of linguistic etiquette.
Egzotyzacja polskich nazw własnych refleksem społecznych zmian i potrzeb
Authors: Nowowiejski Bogusław
Published: February 2021

The author distinguishes two types of exotization: 1/ a phenomenon where Polish proper nouns are given original character, a/ mostly an extraordinary form, usually occidental sound/reading, rarely untypical word formation structure or b/ original content, that is situating proper nouns in untypical contexts, 2/ proper exotization where proper nouns are equipped with attributes of exotic marvel. Analyzing contemporary Polish propria, mainly antroponims (names, surnames, nicknames, tags) as well as zoonims and city/urban naming, the author predicts that due to still growing globalization tendencies, people’s migration, national languages internationalization, language mediatization and also traditional snobbism and linguistic fashion, a number of exotic names in Polish naming repertoire will significantly increase.
Dyskursywnie o dyskursie
Authors: Sławkowa Ewa
Published: February 2021

The article presents a lexical and semantic study of the discourse, one of the most widespread terms of modern human sciences. We begin with etymology, and then demonstrate various stages of the development of the meaning of the term in the history of Polish. The lexem “discourse”, well established in the linguistic tradition of Polish, has undergone a characteristic evolution: first, a borrowing from Latin (discurere – “go in diverse directions”), it then became popular in the 16th through 18th centuries as a rhetorically marked Polish (particularly with the view of political speeches and sermons) to signal a kind of discussion and logical exposition of argumentation. Recent contemporary Polish gives this term a slightly archaic and bookish sense. At the same time, however, “discourse” has become a strictly scientific, scholarly term which carved for itself a special discipline of research (discourse studies). In the 1960s and 1970s the work of such linguists as Emile Benveniste or Roman Jakobsen helped to shape the meaning of discourse as a process of speaking, an interactive and dialogic communicative behaviour which sees language as conditioned by diverse social practices and/or ideologies (e.g. historical, scholarly, or feminist discourse).
Polisemia frazeologizmów w świetle współczesnej praktyki leksykograficznej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Ignatowicz-Skowrońska Jolanta , Szyntor-Bykowska Anna ,   Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Published: February 2021

The subject of research presented in the paper were issues concerning polysemy of idiomatic expressions, analyzing from contemporary lexicographic practice perspective. Comparing 30 idiomatic expressions that in Concise dictionary on Polish idiomatic expressions written by S. Bąba, G. Dziamska, J. Liberek were recognized as polysemantic with three different contemporary dictionaries proved that there was huge latitude and chaos in this subject. In three analyzing dictionaries only one idiomatic expression was interpreted identically. Number and quality of meanings of the rest idiomatic expressions were interpreted variously.
Nazwy roślin „z naśienia śię rodzących na ogrodźiech ku żywonośći ludzkiey" u Krescencjusza a wybrane XVI-wieczne zielniki
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Kamper-Warejko Joanna
Published: February 2021

The article attempts to describe fitonimy registered in the Polish translation of a popular medieval household guide by Piotr Krescencjusz. The material has been excerpted from the first part of the IV book of the second edition of the text of 1571, and compared with selected 16th century herbariums. The analysis revealed differences and similarities between the handbook and the herbariums in the scope of a number of collected names and their references to a designate. Majority, i.e. as many as 42 out of 64 discussed names, are included in the 16th century herbariums. However, three of them (home and garden saffron, buttercup) were introduced by Krescencjusz to name other plant species. We deal here with a phenomenon characteristic of this group of words, i.e. polysemy. Despite apparent similarities to the herbariums in a compositional and contentsrelated level, Kresencjusz’s guidebook enriches fitonimic vocabulary. On the one hand, it stored words which were already rare in the 16th century, and on the other hand, it introduced new occasional words, including some to be found in later texts.
Jako Jan jechał samotrzeć przez las półczwarta dnia - czyli o dawnych sposobach wyrażania relacji ilościowych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Siuciak Mirosława
Published: February 2021

A comparison of old and present indexes for quantitative assessment shows very significant lexical and formal differences. A quantification manner, inherited from the Proto-Slavic language, was unstable and multidimensional, which was apparent in Old Polish texts, whose old complex structures already had a synthesized form, but nevertheless, their inflections still revealed a primary structure. Lack of formal stabilization, which was still noticeable in the Middle Polish period, made numerals and numerical structures directly reflect mathematical operations they had been founded upon. Complex numerical structures often expressed arithmetical operations explicite: 1) addition, e.g. thirty and five, two and twenty, 2) subtraction, e.g. a hundred without one, 3) multiplication, e.g. three-fold one hundred thousand. An essential feature of such structures was stimulation of utterance recipient’s mental activity. One-word numerals in a form of composites, which were constructed on a basis of a mechanism of subtraction, i.e. collective numerals like samotrzeć ‘one in a group of three’, and partitive like półczwarta ‘four minus half, enforced similar behavior. Disappearance of the above mentioned structures and lexemes occurred in New Polish period in result of numerous linguistic tendencies, among which the most vital trend in the history of a language was communication improvement and reduction of mental activity to a necessary minimum, as well as in effect of a tendency to simplify a system. Only the items that directly determine a sequence of numbers in an arithmetic system have remained in the Polish language from a formally and formatively varied class of lexemes naming numbers, i.e. cardinal numbers have specialized as numerical quantifiers supported only residually by collective numbers with greatly restricted context.
Przyszłość słowa - czynniki innowacyjności w komunikacji językowej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Skibski Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

The article’s basic objective is multi-factorial motivation of linguistic innovation, which can be proved particularly in the so called texts created by the new media. The multifactorial aspect results from perceiving a language as a dynamic system that does not develop linearly and is not prone to simple optimization. The following factors are mentioned as those influencing this innovation: reading process changes (in connection with a changed status of a text), the interface causing asynchrony of a text record in the new media, information load of written language elements as well as a problem of distinctiveness in innovative recording. Even though a text is of a reconnaissance-like nature, it is focused on methodological issues connected with several humanistic prerequisites. Apparently, paying attention to the multi-factorial aspect of the innovation may contribute to a different perception of the evaluation of linguistic facts that are present in the new media.
The influence of interference factor on the variability of prosodic units
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Szymaniuk Dorota
Published: February 2021

W artykule omówiono wpływ czynnika interferencyjnego na zmienność prozodyczną. Materiał badawczy stanowiły angielskie i rosyjskie zdania oznajmujące czytane przez Polaków. Wykazano, że 1) modyfikacje dotyczą jednostek melodii, rytmu i tempa wypowiedzi, 2) stopień interferencji z języka polskiego w analizowanym materiale jest porównywalny.
Afecto, emoción y estrés
Authors: Laura Marcela Muñoz Prado
Published: February 2021

Esta presentación se elaboró con el propósito de hacer una evolución histórica en el abordaje científico del estrés. Para ello se eligió la investigación que realizó el psicólogo que más ha investigativo en la materia: Richard Lazarus. Desde los antecedentes que presenta este investigador sobre el tema, se finaliza con una delimitación conceptual a profundidad del abordaje del estrés a lo largo del desarrollo disciplinar de la psicología, que parte desde las teorías biológicas, pasa por la teoría de los afectos del Psicoanálisis, y termina por el abordaje de la Psicología cognitiva, dominio del mismo autor.
Contenido del informe de avance del proyecto. Efectos en el costo de capital social (Equity) tras la adopción de las Normas internacionales de información financiera en las principales empresas de Colombia
Authors: Miguel Angel Laverde Sarmiento , Juan Carlos Lezama Palomino , Jorge Fernando García Carrillo , Iván Camilo Montoya Valencia , Edgar Alejandro Pérez castro
Published: February 2021

El costo de capital social se entiende como la utilidad promedio esperada sobre la inversión realizada en las empresas por parte de los inversionistas (Besley, Brigham, & Gomez, 2001), por lo tanto, de acuerdo con los antecedentes históricos, un cambio del estándar contable produce repercusiones en la información financiera de las empresas y a la vez en algunos de sus indicadores. El objetivo de la investigación es identificar el efecto en el costo esperado de capital social de las principales empresas colombianas listadas en el índice bursátil COLCAP, tras la adopción de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (IFRS). Por medio una revisión documental se identifica que la metodología apropiada al contexto colombiano es el modelo CAPM el cual se analiza el periodo entre el 2009 y el 2017, que contiene información calculada bajo el estándar local y el internacional. Se encuentra que al implementar las IFRS no genera una influencia significativa en el cambio del costo de capital social de las empresas objeto de estudio a diferencia de variables como el endeudamiento, el Margen Operacional, el ROE y el crecimiento de las empresas. Esta investigación es relevante debido a que no se ha realizado este tipo de análisis en Colombia y existen pocos antecedentes en Latinoamérica.
Implementación de las IFRS plenas en empresas colombianas no financieras. Evaluación de la comparabilidad de la información financiera desde una perspectiva empírica
Authors: Carlos Orlando Rico Bonilla , Luz Dary Montoya Ocampo , Blanca Myrian Franco , Miguel Angel Laverde Sarmiento
Published: February 2021

Los cambios en la normatividad contable, que se han producido en Colombia en el marco de Ley 1314 de 2009 requieren evaluaciones amplias y adecuadamente fundamentadas. En este sentido, el presente proyecto es una propuesta de estudio de este proceso en términos del análisis (aumento/disminución) de la comparabilidad de la información financiera de las grandes empresas no financieras para el periodo 2014 – 2017, desde una perspectiva metodológica de carácter empírico, a partir de la construcción de indicadores asociados.
Contenido del informe de avance del proyecto. Caracterización de las estrategias metacognitivas de los docentes del programa de contaduría pública de la Universidad Santo Tomas, en Blended-Learning
Authors: Edgar Gómez González , Gabriel Enrique Moreno Sánchez , David Insnardo Escobar Melgarejo
Published: February 2021

La investigación de enfoque cualitativo y enmarcada por la línea Contabilidad: disciplina, epistemología y educación contable, aspira a caracterizar las estrategias metacognitivas de los docentes del programa de contaduría pública de la Universidad Santo Tomás en las sedes Bogotá, Bucaramanga y Villavicencio, enfocados en la dinámica de Blended Learning, partiendo en una fase teórica que sustente con experiencias y resultados anteriores los criterios a indagar; al mismo tiempo es de vital importancia describir las características de la población objeto de estudio y el medio en el que se encuentran, esto permitirá afinar el instrumento para la recopilación de información y así caracterizar las estrategias metacognitivas de los docentes; y para dar mayor alcance a los resultados obtenidos se diseñará un modelo que fortalezca las estrategias metacognitivas de los docentes del programa de contaduría Pública de la Universidad Santo Tomas en Blended-Learning
Raw, torrefied, and alkaline-treated biomass as a sorbent for lead in water
Authors: Ciolkosz Daniel , Desplat Jennifer , Schiffer Katelyn
Published: February 2021

Two dedicated biomass crops, shrub willow (Salix sp.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), were evaluated for their ability to remove lead from contaminated water, both in raw ground form and after pretreatment by torrefaction or alkaline treatment. Sorption capacity experiments were conducted using a contaminant concentration that ranged from 1 mg to 15 mg per L and a biomass loading rate of 0.05 g biomass per mL. The results indicated that sorption capacities for the two feedstocks ranged from 0.15 mg to 0.26 mg of lead removed per gram of biomass, and the percentage of removal ranged from 54.3% to 93.6%. The sorption capacity of willow tended to decrease as particle size increased. Increasing torrefaction severity increased the sorption capacity of miscanthus, and alkaline treatment also increased the sorption capacity of miscanthus. The Langmuir isotherm, when fitted to measured data, characterized the samples’ sorption performance with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0014 mmol g-1.
Performance and preparation of the electroless Ni wood-based composites
Authors: Pan Yanfei , Yin Dingwen , Surigala  , Hao Yinan , Xing Dong , Hao Sufen , Yu Xiaofang , Yu Haibiao , Huang Jintian
Published: February 2021

A wood-based composite exhibiting excellent electromagnetic shielding performance was prepared by electroless Ni plating. The properties of the material were characterized by a series of tests. The results showed that the growth route of Ni particles was first arranged along the inherent grain of the wood to form a banded metal layer. With extension of the duration of electroless plating, the growth of Ni particles gradually extended around and filled the pores between wood fibers, and finally formed flake-shape structure. The metal coatings formed a strip along the inherent grain of the wood surface and then changed into a sheet until it covered the entire wood surface. The coatings resistance was from 12 Ω to 0.5 Ω with the increase in duration of electroless plating. When the duration was 20 min, the composite coating resistance was 0.5 Ω. Here, the contact angle of composite coatings was 98.3° when the plating time was 15 min. When the wood surface was modified via two depositions of Ni, the average electromagnetic shielding value of the composites was over 80 dB in the frequency ranging from 0.3 kHz to 3.0 GHz.
Discolouration of thermally modified wood during simulated indoor sunlight exposure
Authors: Miklečić Josip , Jirouš-Rajković Vlatka , Antonović Alan , Španić Nikola
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with the effect of UV light through window glass on the changes in colour of surfaces of uncoated and clear-coated thermally modified wood, and on chemical changes of surfaces of uncoated thermally modified and unmodified wood. Discoloration of the uncoated wood samples and those treated with three commercial transparent coatings (two-component polyurethane varnish, water-borne varnish, and nano-impregnation) was measured spectrophotometrically using CIELAB parameters (L*, a*, b* and DE*). FTIR spectroscopy was used to study chemical changes caused by UV irradiation. Colour change (DE*) was recorded in all tested wood samples after exposure to UV light, and the smallest discoloration was recorded in wood samples coated with two-component polyurethane varnish. FTIR spectroscopy results show that thermal treatment and exposure to UV light modified the chemical structure of wood surface and that the thermally modified samples exposed to UV light showed similar changes as unmodified samples exposed to UV light, but less pronounced.
Formation of the oikonym system in archaic regions of Ukraine (on the example of the settlement names of modern Vinnychchyna and Khmelnychchyna)
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Verbych Svіatoslav
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The research of the history of a particular region involves the study of the history of its settlement, which is manifested in the names of settlements. Thus, oikonyms as linguistic phenomenons contain linguistic, as well as historical, geographical and ethnographic information. They can be found out using the help of special onomastic studies. Historical and etymological research of the names of villages, settlements, cities, towns is one of the priority tasks not only of Ukrainian or Slavic, but also of world onomastics in general. The names of settlements provide different periods of history of that time in other regions, accumulate extremely diverse information about the peculiarities of the development of a particular area, namely: the ethnic composition of the first settlers, the specialty of their material and spiritual culture, the characteristic features of topographic objects called by the corresponding oikonyms. Of fundamental importance for the formation of the oikonymicon of a certain region is time and with the help of its settlement. As you know, Podolsk land belongs to the long-developed regions of man. A review of the history of this region shows that the formation of a system of settlement names within the modern Vinnytsia and Khmelnytsky regions, which are the main part of the historical Podillya, dates back to ancient times, at least the ancient Ukrainian period. This is indicated primarily by the specific word-forming structure of local oikonyms and the nature of their creative bases. The ancient settlements of these areas, the names of which were formed on Ukrainian soil, include such, for example, Bershad, Brailiv, Bratslav, Vinnytsia, Kopaihorod, Tyvriv (Vinnytsia region), Velyka Yaromyrka (initially Yaromyrka), Volochysk (initially Volochyshcha), Dobrohoshcha, Zhvanets, Kytaihorod, Medzhybizh, Smotrych (Khmelnytsky region) and other. The article focuses on the peculiarities of the formation of the oikonymykon of Podillya within the modern Vinnytsia and Khmelnytsky regions, analyzes the main structural and derivational types of names of settlements in these regions, found that the characteristic feature of oikonyms of the studied areas is the presence of many names the ancient nature of the settlement of these areas. Keywords: appellation, anthroponym, history of Podillya, oikonym, oikonym system, word-forming model.
Improving Influenza Vaccination in Children With Comorbidities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Norman Daniel A. , Barnes Rosanne , Pavlos Rebecca , Bhuiyan Mejbah , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Danchin Margie , Seale Holly , Moore Hannah C. , Blyth Christopher C.
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT:

Children with medical comorbidities are at greater risk for severe influenza and poorer clinical outcomes. Despite recommendations and funding, influenza vaccine coverage remains inadequate in these children.

OBJECTIVE:

We aimed to systematically review literature assessing interventions targeting influenza vaccine coverage in children with comorbidities and assess the impact on influenza vaccine coverage.

DATA SOURCES:

PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Web of Science databases were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:

Interventions targeting influenza vaccine coverage in children with medical comorbidities.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracting studies’ methods, interventions, settings, populations, and results. Four reviewers independently assessed risk of bias.

RESULTS:

From 961 screened articles, 35 met inclusion criteria. Published studies revealed that influenza vaccine coverage was significantly improved through vaccination reminders and education directed at either patients’ parents or providers, as well as by vaccination-related clinic process changes. Interventions improved influenza vaccine coverage by an average 60%, but no significant differences between intervention types were detected. Significant bias and study heterogeneity were also identified, limiting confidence in this effect estimate.

LIMITATIONS:

A high risk of bias and overall low quality of evidence limited our capacity to assess intervention types and methods.

CONCLUSIONS:

Interventions were shown to consistently improve influenza vaccine coverage; however, no significant differences in coverage between different intervention types were observed. Future well-designed studies evaluating the effectiveness of different intervention are required to inform future optimal interventions.
Economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy
Authors: Bukanov Hryhorii
Published: February 2021

The article considers ecological and economic instruments in the context of implementation of the state ecological policy and sustainable development of regions. The number of eco-policy instruments used for economic protection of the environment is constantly changing and expanding. The features that characterize economic instruments are identified: the theoretical basis for the use of economic instruments is the idea of external environmental costs, which are expressed in the negative forms of impact of production and consumption of the environment; secondly, environmental and economic instruments are aimed, on the one hand, on the economic support of rational nature management, and on the other - on environmental protection; third, the basis for the practical application of economic instruments are the principles of "polluter pays" and "user pays"; fourth, economic instruments contribute to the development of a "green" economy, which is the driving force of sustainable (balanced) development. Environmental and economic instruments determine the financial strategy, and this is a solid foundation for the concept of sustainable development. There are two main groups of environmental and economic instruments of state regulation in the field of environmental protection: the first group is represented by fiscal and budgetary economic instruments (environmental taxation, environmental payments and fees, environmental regulation and penalties for violations of environmental legislation), the second group of economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy is related to the system of financial and economic incentives for environmental activities (preferential taxes, soft loans, subsidies, market formation of environmental goods and services). The main directions of improving the implementation of economic instruments of public administration in the field of environmental protection are identified.
Cooperation between public authorities and non-governmental youth associations in preparing the strategic documents in the field of youth policy in EU countries
Authors: Nesvat Tetiana
Published: February 2021

EU youth policy is very dynamic, but with different rates of development in each EU country. The main purpose of youth policy in the EU is to motivate and support making informed life decisions that contribute to the personal and social development of young people and the development of society as a whole. Accomplishing this goal is possible only by empowering the young citizens and their active involvement in the preparation, implementation and evaluation of the initiatives and activities efficiency that reflect the needs, interests, ideas and experiences of young people.However, in order to establish a common European civic space, it is necessary to consider the national circumstances of each EU country and the implementation of the state youth policy of each state separately.As the issue of the relationship between public authorities with various youth policy actors in the European Union remains under-explored, and a comprehensive approach to the study of European youth policy is missing, we analyzed the state of interaction between public authorities and EU youth associations on preparing the national development strategies for youth policy, such as France, Germany, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic.The aim of the article is to study the problem of interaction between government agencies and youth associations on the example of attracting young citizens in the development and implementation of regulations in some EU countries and to justify proposals for implementing the Strategy for State Youth Policy of Ukraine 2030.The article clarifies the imperfection of a comprehensive approach to the implementation of youth work in the European community. It is proposed to use the best results of cooperation between the authorities and the youth of Europe in the implementation of the guidelines for youth work in Ukraine and the use of the tool - Youth Welfare Index for monitoring the youth policy and strategy implementation. Attention is paid to the feasibility of using a two-component approach in the implementation of state youth policy, in particular in achieving the strategy, namely achieving sustainable development goals through the implementation of youth policy and the implementation of state youth policy through sustainable development goals.
Influence of organizational and technological mechanisms on the improvement of information and communication providing the election process
Authors: Mykhailov Maksim
Published: February 2021

Civil society is emerging as a real subject of influence on the electoral processes in Ukraine. Thanks to the skillful and creative use of the latest information and communication technologies, the election races in recent years have given rise to Internet projects, made elections more transparent and open, and narrowed the field for outright manipulation and election fraud in Ukraine.In this article, the author reveals the technological and organizational mechanisms for ensuring the participation of civil society institutions in electoral communication. These mechanisms improve information and communication support of the electoral process, promote the introduction of new digital means, communication services and open platforms for the development of new innovative solutions, expand political participation of the public and involve citizens in elections, contribute to increasing the level of trust, transparency and accountability in a democratic system.These mechanisms of information and communication support of the electoral process are also one of the directions for accelerating the implementation of electronic elections in Ukraine, improving the quality of electoral communication of voters with candidates for positions in public authorities.At the same time, the author characterizes the electoral communications that are actively carried out today thanks to the innovative development of information and communication support for electoral processes, including electronic and digital resources. Public institutions also strengthen and contribute to ensuring the formation of mechanisms for information and communication support of the electoral process in the field of public activity in order to consolidate the efforts of the authorities with the public in order to improve the quality of electoral communication and the introduction of electronic elections in Ukraine.Therefore, according to the author, the study of organizational and technological mechanisms of information and communication support of the electoral process in the field of public activity in the context of modernity is relevant, which led to the choice of the topic of the article.
Trade missions in the system of Ukrainian economic diplomacy
Authors: Petyur Roman , Viunenko Anastasiia
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of trade missions as a tool of economic diplomacy. The purpose of the article is to study the Ukrainian practice of using the mechanism of trade missions abroad and to develop proposals for improving the system of trade and economic representation of the country abroad.The paper presents global examples of the implementation of economic diplomacy, as well as models that can be borrowed from Ukraine. The authors give examples not only of forms of trade representations, but also of coordination methods of activity of such foreign bodies of foreign relations. The relevance of the study is due to a number of reasons, including: increased competition from global markets, as well as the need to expand opportunities of Ukrainian exports after the forced abandonment of the Russian market in 2013-2014. Trade offices are an effective form of trade presence in foreign markets thus ensuring not only the development of the national economy, but also protecting the interests of business entities. Given that currently the institution of trade missions in Ukraine does not have a mechanism that would meet modern needs, there is a need to explore appropriate models of developed countries to adapt the system of public administration in Ukraine to the challenges of international economic relations.Particular attention was paid to the evolution of the system of trade and economic missions (TEM) of Ukraine. The authors assessed the consequences of the liquidation of TEM in 2010 and the introduction of new forms of representations of Ukraine abroad to ensure national economic interests and the implementation of economic diplomacy, as well as the feasibility of such changes. It is established that the Ukrainian model of economic diplomacy needs significant reforms in order to effectively ensure the function of representation in the economic sphere outside the country. Having studied the similar experience of foreign countries, the authors offer a number of successful cases for borrowing these approaches in Ukrainian practice.
Historico-philosophical interpretation of the archetypes of personality as symbolic images of the collective unconscious in the receptive field of psychoanalytic views of Сarl Gustav Jung
Authors: Mazur Maryna
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is a historicо-philosophical interpretation of the archetypes of personality as symbolic images of the collective unconscious in the receptive field of psychoanalytic views of Carl Gustav Jung. The methodological basis of the study is the such general scientific principles: interdisciplinary approach, the principle of objectivity, the principle of integrity and general philosophical methods: psychoanalytic method; phenomenological method; hermeneutic method. Scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that within the Jungian analytical psychology to the author managed to carry out historico-philosophical reconstruction of ideas about the archetypes of personality, as myth-making constructs that fill the gaps between conscious and unconscious instance and reveal the symbolic meaning of archetypal figures, which are translators of generic information. In the course of the study were obtained the following conclusions: (1) determined that the collective unconscious is a fraction that consists of structural components-archetypes, which are able to establish the internal relationship between the individual and the world around him and directly influence his worldview and behavior, which is accompanied by radical mood swings (emotional lability); (2) emphasized that the individual, as a conscious subject in order to reach maturity on a psychological level must go beyond «comfort zone», that is go through the «path of the hero» and to win their inner demons, overcoming their own fears, phobias and complexes; (3) substantiated that the archetypes are archaic images, which breaks through the «defense» of consciousness and affects the fate and life activities of human; (4) emphasized that the predominance in the collective unconscious of animal archetypes and instincts can negatively affect the human psyche and lead to the decentration of the subject (according to P.–M. Foucault), that is to the splitting of the personality; (5) analyzed the specificity of archetypes аs integrated images of own «Ego», which are reduced to universal mythologies (lat. summa summarum) and are common to the cultures of different peoples of the world; (6) found that the transcendental function is a link between conscious and unconscious structure, which in their collide is able to «painlessly» neutralize the effects of internal conflict.
Change of government in the Guba region of Azerbaijan and its tragic consequences (1920-1921)
Authors: Bayramova Rakhshanda
Published: February 2021

One of the steps taken by the new government in the political sphere was the abolition of the former national army. On May 7, the Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan decided to reorganize the army and navy. According to the decision, the new Azerbaijani army and navy were, in fact, created as part of the Red Army of Soviet Russia. Azerbaijani military units were directly subordinated to the commander of the XI Red Army, and warships to the command of the Caspian fleet. Thus, from the first months of its existence, the Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan "voluntarily" renounced the right to have an armed force, which is one of the important conditions of statehood. the Soviet authorities and the 11th Army were accused of open looting in Azerbaijan under the name of "confiscation of the property of the bourgeoisie." After the establishment of Soviet power in Guba, the old system of administrative management was completely abolished and a new administrative system - the Soviet system - was established. The article "Change of government in the Guba region of Azerbaijan and its tragic consequences" concerns the issue about the reactivation of the Armenians in Karabakh and Zangazur, the Azerbaijani army units defending the northern border – Guba. The paper was dedicated to the situation in the militia system improved relatively in the late 1920s. Tha aim of the study is to determine conditions the formation of new government structures in remote villages continued until mid-1921 under the influence of a number of factors. In this context, issues of the Communist newspaper were first listed, number of militiamen in the Guba district was determined, avtivities to increase technical training, communist centers, people`s attitude towards the militia were analyzed. This analysis was conducted with the study of the sources related to the subject, the analysis of the results obtained, the analysis and synthesis of the arguments, and also the comparative analysis method.
Information policy of independent Ukraine: periodization and influence on civil society
Authors: Tyhomyrova Oleksandra
Published: February 2021

The article examines the key influences of state information policy on the formation and development of civil society in Ukraine since getting independence in 1991 to the present day. The actuality of this scientific research is due to the lack of scientific developments in domestic political science that study the correlation between the information policy of the state and the development of the third sector. The purpose of the article is to structure the information policy of Ukraine by developing its periodization and identifying the leading phenomena at each stage that influenced the formation of the third sector. The study used a broad methodological framework, including historical and systemic methods, socio-cultural approach, as well as the study of the legal framework and content analysis.Results. Seven stages in the periodization of the state information policy in Ukraine have been identified: 1) post-Soviet or primary democratization; 2) secondary democratization; 3) primary digitization; 4) secondary digitization; 5) informatization; 6) information and military; 7) technical and technological.It is proved that during the first, second and third stages of proposed periodization, the third sector formally acquires subjectivity, but is perceived by the state and presented in the information field as an object that serves as a stimulus for civil society to fight for real subjectivity. The indifference of the state information policy to the institutions of the third sector in the first stage turns into an open confrontation during the third stage. The fourth stage is characterized by the liberalization of relations: civil society, which loudly declared itself during the "Orange Revolution", becomes a subject in the eyes of the new state administration, which in fact should owe a conscious community for the possibility of successful political "revenge". The fifth stage shows a completely opposite trend in the state's perception of civil society and its reflection in information policy, but this is intentional as a result of the authorities' awareness of the strength and potential of this entity. Thus, the blocking of the development of the CS, in fact, was a confirmation of the government's recognition of its subjectivity. The sixth stage marks a new milestone in the development of the CS and its new status - an equal socio-political actor in the eyes of state power and in its own perception. The seventh stage marks the strengthening of the institutional content of the civil society, despite some confrontational tensions in relations with central government.Conclusions. The seven stages of the information policy of independent Ukraine contain three stages of development of civil society in the context of the influences of the former: 1) stage of objectification in the information space (presentation as a phenomenon, 1991–2003); 2) stage of subjectivation (presentation as a subject, 2004–2013); 3) stage of institutionalization (presentation as a partner, from 2014 to the present).