bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hakikat ve mecaz bağlamında kur’an’da mesh (maymunlaşma) hadisesi
Authors: TUNÇER Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Kur’ân’ın inceliklerini araştıran ilimlerden biri olan hakikat ve mecaz ilmi, Kur’ân ilimleri arasında en fazla üzerinde tartışılan konular arasında yer alır. İslâm âlimlerinin bir kısmı Kur’ân’da mecazın olmadığını iddia ederken, çoğunluğu da mecazın varlığını kabul etmektedir. Kur’ân-ı Kerim’in tefsiri sırasında âyetlerde geçen bazı ifadelere hakikat veya mecaz anlamının verilip verilmemesi konusunda müfessirler arasında tartışmalar yaşanmaktadır. Başta Allah’ın sıfatları olmak üzere pek çok alanda bu ihtilaflara rastlamak mümkündür. Hatta bu durum bazı kıssalarda da kendini gösterir. Örneğin Allah’ın Yahudilere yönelik Cumartesi günü için koyduğu avlanma yasağına aldırış etmeyen bir topluluğun maymuna dönüştürülmesi hadisesinin anlatıldığı kıssada da yer alır. Söz konusu bu kıssada dile getirilen “aşağılık maymunlar olun” ifadesinin gerçek anlamında hem suret (görüntü) hem de karakter açısından maymuna çevrilmesi mi, yoksa bu dönüşümün yasağı çiğneyen kişilere yönelik bir aşağılama anlamı mı taşıdığı noktasında hakikat-mecaz kavramları açısından farklı yorumlar yapılmaktadır.Kur’ân’da birkaç farklı surede gündeme gelen bu hadisenin Kur’ân ilimleri arasında yer alan hakikat-mecaz ilmi açısından hangi usulde gerçekleştiği ve bunun bir çeşit reenkarnasyon olup olamayacağı konusu tartışmaya açılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda ilgili tüm âyetlerin birbiriyle olan bağlantısı, âyetlerdeki kesinlik bildiren ifadeler ve ibretlik bir vaka oluşuna yapılan vurgular birlikte düşünüldüğünde mesh hadisesinin suret ve karakter değişiminin hakikat anlamında alınması gerektiği kanaati oluşmakta ve bu olayın reenkarnasyonla bir bağının bulunmadığı değerlendirilmektedir.
Bem-viver: nova perspectiva para se relacionar com o tempo
Authors: Aquino Pereira Marcos José de
Published: April 2021

Resumo
Este ensaio debate o tempo como algo que foi fetichizado pela Modernidade, assumindo um papel determinante na vida das pessoas, consequência da dicotomização entre tempo de trabalho e tempo de ócio, com a valorização do primeiro sobre o segundo, e a sua associação com a busca pela qualidade de vida em detrimento a se usufruir de uma vida de qualidade, diante do que apresentamos como possibilidade de superar essa realidade a perspectiva do Bem-Viver, que parte de outra relação com o tempo, a natureza e os/as outro/as, fruto das vivências e conhecimentos dos povos originários da América Latina. Para auxiliar nessas reflexões também trazemos uma interessante história do povo Munduruku que nos ajuda a pensar sobre o sentido que damos ao tempo em nossas vidas.Palavras-chave: Bem-Viver. Tempo. Vida de Qualidade.
Well-living: a new perspective to relate to time
Abstract
This essay debates time as something that was fetishized by modernity, assuming a determining role in people’s lives, a consequence of the dichotomy between working time and leisure time, with the valuation of the first over the second, and its association with the search for the quality of life to the detriment of enjoying a quality life, in view of what we present as a possibility to overcome this reality the perspective of well-living, which starts from another relationship with time, nature and the others, the result of the experiences and knowledge of the original people from Latin America. To assist in these reflections we also bring an interesting history of the Munduruku people that helps us to think about the meaning we give to time in our lives.Keywords: Well-Living. Time. Quality Life.
Buen-Vivir: nueva perspectiva para relacionarse con el tiempo
Resumen
Este ensayo debate el tiempo como algo fetichizado por la Modernidad, asumiendo un papel determinante en la vida de las personas, consecuencia de la dicotomía entre tiempo de trabajo y tiempo de ocio, con la valoración del primero sobre el segundo, y su asociación con la búsqueda por la calidad de vida en detrimento del disfrute de una vida de calidad, ante lo que presentamos como posibilidad de superar esta realidad la perspectiva del Buen-Vivir, que parte de otra relación con el tiempo, la naturaleza y el/la otro/a fruto de las vivencias y conocimientos de los pueblos originarios de América Latina. Para ayudar en estas reflexiones también traemos una interesante historia del pueblo Munduruku que nos ayuda a pensar en el significado que damos al tiempo en nuestras vidas.Palabras clave: Buen-Vivir. Tiempo. Vida de Calidad.
“E a gente teve que aprender a conviver”: meninas e futsal escolar
Authors: Malvar Antonio Jorge Martins , Souza Junior Osmar Moreira de
Published: April 2021

Resumo
O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a participação das meninas de uma turma de 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental na prática do futsal nas aulas de Educação Física de uma escola pública do município de Feira de Santana-BA. Utilizamos uma unidade didática da modalidade futsal, com aplicação dos modelos de ensino dos esportes Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) e Sport Education, acompanhada de registros em diários de aula pelo professor-pesquisador. Após a coleta e leitura do corpus de análise, os dados foram categorizados através de uma análise indutiva, sendo que para o presente estudo apresentamos as categorias “Conquistas e superações vivenciadas pelas meninas” e “Dificuldades e desafios enfrentados pelas meninas”.Palavras-chave: Educação Física Escolar. Ensino Fundamental. Futsal. Meninas.
“And we had to learn to live together”: girls and school futsal
 Abstract
The research objective was to analyze the participation of girls from a class of 6th grade of elementary school in futsal practice in Physical Education classes at a public school in the municipality of Feira de Santana – BA. We use a didactic unit of the futsal modality, with application of the teaching models of sports Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) and Sport Education, accompanied by records in class diaries by the teacher-researcher. After collecting and reading the analysis corpus, the data were categorized through an inductive analysis, and for the present study the categories “Achievements and overcoming experienced by girls” and “Difficulties and challenges faced by girls” are presented.Keywords: School Physical Education. Elementary School. Futsal. Girls.
“Y tuvimos que aprender a vivir juntos”: niñas y fútbol sala en la escuela
Resumen
El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la participación de niñas de una clase de 6° de primaria en la práctica de fútbol sala en las clases de Educación Física de un colegio público del municipio de Feira de Santana – BA. Usamos una unidad didáctica de la modalidad de fútbol sala, con aplicación de los modelos de enseñanza Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) y Sport Education, acompañada de registros en los diarios de clase del docente-investigador. Luego de recolectar y leer el corpus de análisis, los datos fueron categorizados mediante un análisis inductivo, y para el presente estudio se presentan las categorías “Logros y superaciones vividas por niñas” y “Dificultades y desafíos que enfrentan las niñas”.Palabras clave: Educación Física Escolar. Enseñanza Fundamental. Fútbol Sala. Niñas.
Klasifikasi Sentimen pada Twitter Terhadap WHO Terkait Covid-19 Menggunakan SVM, N-Gram, PSO
Authors: Hafidz Noor , Yanti Liliana Dewi
Published: April 2021

On March 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) has declared Covid-19 as global pandemic. As special agency of United Nation who responsible for international public healthy, WHO has done various actions to reduce this pandemic spreading rate. However, the handling of Covid-19 by WHO is not free from a number of controversies that gave rise to criticism and public opinion on the Twitter platform. In this research, a machine learning based classifier model has been made to determine the opinion or sentiment of the tweet. The dataset used is a set of tweets containing the phrase WHO and Covid-19 in period of March 1st until May 6th 2020 consisting of 4000 tweets with positive sentiments and 4000 tweets with negative sentiments. The proposed classifier model combined Support Vector Machine (SVM), N-Gram and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The classifier model performance is evaluated using the value of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and Area Under ROC Curve (AUC). Based on experiments conducted, the combination of SVM, N-gram (bigram), and PSO produced a pretty good performance in classifying tweet sentiment with values of Accuracy 0,755, Precision 0,719, Recall 0,837, and AUC 0,844.
Penerapan Convolutional Neural Network Deep Learning dalam Pendeteksian Citra Biji Jagung Kering
Authors: TiaraSari Arum , Haryatmi Emy
Published: April 2021

Corn kernels detection can be implemented in industry area. This can be implemented in the selection and packaging the corn kernels before it is distributed. This technique can be implemented in the selection and packaging machine to detect corn kernels accurately. Corn kernel images was used before it is implemented in real-time. The objective of this research was corn kernel detection using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) deep learning. This technique consists of 3 main stages, the first preprocessing or normalizing the input of corn kernels image data by wrapping and cropping, both modeling and training the system, and testing. The experiment used CNN method to classify images of dry corn kernels and to determine the accuracy value. This research used 20 dry corn kernels images as testing from 80 dry corn kernels images which used in training dataset. The accuracy of detection was dependent from the size of image and position when the image was taken. The accuracy is around 80% - 100% by using 7 convolutional layers and the average of accuracy for testing data was 0,90296. The convolutional layer which implemented in CNN has the strength to detect features in the input image.
Relatıonship Between Occupational Accidents of Industrial Workers and Health Literacy and Workplace Safety Climate
Authors: Ozaydin Fahri , Demirci Hakan , Karayurek Yusuf
Published: April 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational accidents of industrial workers, health literacy and workplace safety climate. Methods: This study was conducted with workers working in the industrial
zone of Gemlık, Bursa between August 2020 and December 2020. These individuals were visited in their workplaces. The volunteers were asked to fill out a sociodemographic data form, the Workplace Safety Climate Survey and the Newest
Vital Sign Form. Results: Health literacy level was evaluated among the workers with and without days away from work due to occupational accident and the results were found to be significantly higher for those without days away
from work (p=0.001). According to this assessment, total mean score of the Workplace Safety Climate Survey was calculated as 35.45±10.6 (min.=20, max.=70) for individuals with days away from work due to occupational accident and
as 48.82±7.81 (min.=27, max.=70) for participants without occupational accident, and statistically there was a significant difference between them (p<0.001). When the relationship between the Newest Vital Sign Scale and Workplace
Safety Climate Survey was analyzed, it was determined that positive safety climate perception of the participants significantly and positively affected their health literacy mean scores (r=0.294; p=<0.001). Conclusions: This
study has demonstrated that the health literacy level of employees affects their occupational accident experiences. From this point of view, it may be suggested that employees who work in high risk fields could be chosen from among
those with higher health literacy levels. In general terms, the importance of regular trainings for the purpose of decreasing accident rates has been once more shown with this study.
Humanismo y antihumanismo en el pensamiento de Mohammed Arkoun
Authors: Siciliani Barraza José María , Guacaneme Juan Pablo
Published: April 2021

El artículo reflexiona sobre la crítica que el islamólogo Mohammed Arkoun hace a los discursos que exaltan una determinada idea de Humanidad, particularmente el del islamismo militante. Con tal fin, muestra cómo los humanismos cristianos e islámicos se caracterizaban en la Edad Media por la apertura al diálogo interreligioso. Posteriormente, procesos de ortodoxización del islam, derivados del fortalecimiento de sultanatos, califatos y del yihadismo, y de discursos aparentemente humanistas que eponizan una visión universal de Dios, el Hombre y el Mundo, condujeron a sociedades musulmanas a la consolidación de regímenes de verdad basados en un “maniqueísmo estructural” antihumanista. Bajo esta óptica, se puede interpretar por qué eventos como el 9/11 y el ascenso de ISIS son una manifestación del fracaso de los valores de la Humanidad y no solo del islam. El rasgo más significativo de este fracaso es una incapacidad para el diálogo, que justifica la supresión del otro y no solo su estigmatización. El artículo propende resaltar una visión islámica que, a diferencia de las críticas políticamente correctas de Occidente, no desemboque en una espiral antihumanista.
Analisis Peran Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah Kepada Guru IPA DI SMP Negeri 20 Kupang
Authors: Ballu Saldi Salmun , Manu Lukas , Meha Agus Maramba
Published: April 2021

One important element in the implementation of education is the principal, who has the task of supervising and fostering the pattern of ongoing teaching activities, for example supervising all teachers in schools to help improve the quality of learning and the performance of a teacher. Often teachers experience various obstacles, which can arise from various factors so that the learning process is less than optimal. Therefore, the principal needs to provide academic supervision to help develop teacher competence and professionalism. The purpose of this study was to determine how the principal's academic supervision of science teachers at SMP Negeri 20 Kupang and the constraints in implementing academic supervision. The approach used is qualitative. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the implementation of the principal's academic supervision of the teacher had been carried out well, the principal had planned by preparing the supervision instrument and informing the schedule of supervision, the implementation of supervision using various techniques and principles. Evaluation and follow-up of academic supervision are carried out by discussing the results of supervision with the teacher, the school also holding workshops/training to improve and improve the quality of teachers in carrying out their duties at school. the implementation of academic supervision experiences obstacles that arise from the teacher, namely the lack of preparation of learning devices, the teacher does not master the material during the learning process and the teacher does not master the class, where it seems that students are difficult to control in the learning process.
Meta Analisis Efektivitas Model Problem Based Learning dan Problem Solving Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mata Pelajaran Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Evi Tika , Indarini Endang
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui komparasi model pembelajaran  Problem Based Learning dan Problem Solving terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian Meta Analisis. Data analisis didapatkan melalui jurnal online di google Cendekia dan Scholar. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menyeleksi beberapa artikel yang didapatkan, dan setelah dilakukan penyeleksian ditetapkan sampel sebanyak 20 artikel yang signifikan untuk dianalisis. Ada 5 langkah untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis, yaitu sebagai berikut: (1) mengidentifikasi permasalahan, (2) menentukan permasalahan, (3) strategi, (4) mengumpulkan data, (5) menyimpulkan. Agar dapat diketahui perbedaan pengaruh antara model Problem Based Learning dan Problem Solving maka langkah selanjutnya yaitu melakukan uji Ancova. Hasil uji Effect Size dengan menggunakan model model Problem Based Learning dan Problem Solving terdapat hasil Sig. sebanyak 0,003 dengan nilai Partial Eta Squared sebesar 0,864. Hasil uji tesebut menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan Problem Solving tergolong sangat besar dalam memberikan pegaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika. Jika dilihat dari hasil uji Ancova model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan nilai rata-rata yaitu sebesar 64,9173 dan nilai rata-rata model pembelajaran Problem Solving sebesar 68.6220. Sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Solving lebih efektif jika dibandingkan dengan model Problem Based Learning yang ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa Sekolah Dasar.
Hubungan Kesiapan Mengajar Dan Proses Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan Dengan Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi
Authors: Meha Agus Maramba , Bullu Novi Ivonne
Published: April 2021

Mahasiwa calon guru harus menguasai keterampilan dasar mengajar yang diperoleh  melalui program pengajaran dan pelatihan di kampus maupun praktik lapangan di sekolah. Penelitian bertujuan mencari hubungan antara kesiapan mengajar dan pelaksanaan pengalaman praktik lapangan dengan keterampilan dasar mengajar mahasiwa. Penelitian ex post facto dengan desain korelasi, variabel (X1) kesiapan mengajar dan (X2) pelaksanaan pengalaman lapangan (PPL)  dan keterampilan dasar mengajar (Y). Sampel adalah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan biologi yang melaksanakan PPL berjumlah 26 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, data dianalisis dengan statistik inferensial berbantuan SPSS. Hasil pengujian hipotesis pertama menunjukkan nilai sig = 0,003 lebih kecil dari a = 0,05 terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kesiapan mengajar dengan keterampilan mengajar mahasiswa PPL, dengan koefisien hubungan sedang. Pengujian hipotesis kedua menunjukkan nilai sig = 0,005 lebih kecil dari a = 0,05 Artinya terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara proses pelaksanaan PPL dengan keterampilan dasar mengajar, kooefesien hubungan sedang. hipotesis ketiga menunjukkan nilai sig. F Perubahan 0,002 lebih kecil dari nilai a = 0,05 Hal ini berarti terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kesiapan mengajar dengan proses pelaksanaan PPL dengan keterampilan dasar mengajar mahasiswa PPL. Semakin baik kesiapan mengajar mahasiswa dalam pelaksanaan PPL maka akan semakin meningkat keterampilan dasar mengajarnya.
Membangun Karakter Generasi Muda Melalui Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Di Tengah Arus Globalisasi
Authors: Fitriani Rani , Dewi Dinie Anggraeni
Published: April 2021

Pancasila merupakan ideologi bangsa Indonesia yang di jadikan pedomanan hidup dalam berbangsa dan bernegara, pesatnya arus globalisasi menunjukan pengikisan karakter masyarakat di Desa Majasetra Kecamatan Majalaya. Hal ini dapat ditunjukan dengan maraknya kekerasan di lingkungan tersebut, selain itu kasus pembunuhan sopir delman yang tragis menunjukan bagaimana karakter di Desa Majasetra belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan karakter bangsa Indonesia yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa studi kasus dimana peneliti melakukan pengamatan di Desa Majasetra peneliti menyelidiki secara cermat suatu peristiwa, aktivitas, dan proses sekelompok individu yang dibatasi oleh waktu dan peristiwa. Dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan Penjabaran Nilai-nilai yang ada pada setiap sila Pancasila dapat dijadikan pondasi dalam membangun karakter masyarakat di Desa Majasetra agar dapat menunjukan karakter warga negara yang baik. Nilai-nilai Pancasila itu antara lain nilai religius, nilai kejujuran, nilai toleran, nilai disiplin, nilai mandiri, nilai demokratis, rasa ingin tahu, nilai semangat kebangsaan, nilai cinta damai, nilai peduli terhadap lingkungan, dan nilai peduli sosial. Penjabaran dari nilai-nilai pancasila tersebut dapat ditumbuhkan dan ditanamkan pada masyarakat Majasetra untuk membangun karakter masyarakat Majasetra yang sesuai dengan karakter warga negara Indonesia sehingga dapat meminimalisir penyimpangan-penyimpangan akibat yang diakibatkan dengan adanya perubahan yang di bawa arus globalisasi saat ini.
Pamphilus the Librarian and the Institutional Legacy of Origen's Library in Caesarea
Authors: Hartog Paul
Published: April 2021

Pamphilus of Caesarea Maritima (who died around 310) managed the Caesarean library that was rooted in the book collection of Origen. Pamphilus’ significant library rivaled other collections of Late Antiquity, causing several modern scholars (cf. Carriker, Grafton, Williams, and Vleeschauwer) to investigate the nature and contents of his book collection. This article, however, will initially focus upon the roles and responsibilities of Pamphilus as a librarian, rather than upon the nature and contents of his library. Although scholarly accounts of the history of librarianship have not properly recognized Pamphilus’ dedicated librarianship, he and his Caesarean successors fulfilled seven roles that have persisted in librarianship. With this initial examination in hand, the essay will secondarily draw some conclusions regarding the sustained institutional legacy of Origen (beyond his literary, philological, exegetical, and theological legacies). Viewed through this institutional legacy, Pamphilus, Eusebius, Constantine, and Jerome appear in a new light.
Putting God on the Map: Theology and Conceptual Mapping
Authors: Saxton Micah
Published: April 2021

This is a review of Kidd, Erin and Jakob Karl Rinderknecht, eds. Putting God on the Map: Theology and Conceptual Mapping. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2018. 268 pp. $105.00. Hardback. ISBN: 9781978703964.
A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E A CAPACITAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR PARA ATUAR NA
EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL
Authors: Dórea Tavares Leíta , de Oliveira Marcia Rebeca
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo propõe uma discussão sobre os professores da Educação Especial destacando a importância da capacitação do referido profissional bem como a relevância da formação continuada em Educação Especial para o desenvolvimento da sua prática pedagógica. Para realizar este trabalho realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico em livros, artigos científicos, acadêmicos e revistas cientificam. Conclui-se que os profissionais que atuam na Educação Especial necessitam de capacitação profissional para entender, discutir, aprender e aprimorar conhecimentos para atender os alunos que apresentam necessidades educacionais especiais. Essa capacitação deve ser aprimorada em cursos de formação continuada que contribuam para avanços pessoais e profissionais de novas práticas pedagógicas e metodologias, para enriquecer a atuação com alunos com necessidades especiais a partir da consciência teórica e prática do processo inclusivo.
A Simple Way for Implementing Extraction Columns of Infinite Height in Flowsheet Simulators
Authors: Kaul Martin , Hasse Hans , Burger Jakob
Published: April 2021

A surrogate model to implement an extraction column of in?nite height in pro- cess simulation software is presented. The model consists of three decanters and a few speci?cations which are easy to implement in commercial process simula- tors. Using the model, the minimum solvent ow rate and the limiting product compositions are determined. In an example, the surrogate model for the ex- traction column is combined with standard unit operation models for describing an extraction process with a distillative solvent recycle.
Separation of Water from Mixtures Containing Formaldehyde, Water, Methanol, Methylal, and Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers by Pervaporation
Authors: Schmitz Niklas , Breitkreuz Christian F. , Stöfer Eckhard , Burger Jakob , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2021

In this work, pervaporation experiments were carried out, in which water was separated from mixtures containing formaldehyde, water, methanol, methylal, and poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (OME). This separation is interesting for new production processes for the synthetic fuel OME. Five commercial membranes were studied: two zeolite membranes (Type NaA and Type T from Mitsui & Co.) and three PVA-based polymer membranes (PERVAP 4100, PERVAP 4101, and PERVAP 4102 from DeltaMem AG). The membrane flux and the composition of the permeate have been measured. The zeolite membranes were tested at 343 K and 7 mbar permeate pressure and the polymer membranes were tested at 353 K and 2 mbar permeate pressure. The investigated mixtures are inherently reactive, as formaldehyde reacts both with water and methanol. The zeolite membranes could only be used once, whereas the polymer membranes showed no significant degradation in a repeat experiment.
Quantitative and Qualitative 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR Spectroscopic Investigation of the Urea–formaldehyde Resin Synthesis
Authors: Steinhof Oliver , Kibrik Éléonore J. , Scherr Günter , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2021

Urea-formaldehyde resins are bulk products of the chemical industry. Their synthesis involves a complex reaction network. The present work contributes to its elucidation by presenting results from detailed NMR spectroscopic studies with different methods. Besides 1H NMR and 13C NMR also 15N NMR spectroscopy is applied. 15N-enriched urea was used for the investigations. A detailed NMR signal assignment and a model of the reaction network of the hydroxymethylation step of the synthesis are presented. Due to its higher spectral dispersion and the fact, that all key reactions directly involve the nitrogen centers, 15N NMR provides a much larger amount of detail than 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Symmetric and asymmetric dimethylol urea can be clearly distinguished and separated from monomethylol urea, trimethylol urea and methylene bridged urea. The existence of hemiformals of methylol ureas is confirmed. 1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-on (uron) and its derivatives were not found in the reaction mixtures investigated here, but were prepared via alternative routes. The molar ratios of formaldehyde to urea were 1, 2 and 4, the pH-values 7.5 and 8.5 and the reaction temperature 60° C.
Short-cut Method for Assessing Solvents for Gas Cleaning by Reactive Absorption
Authors: Vasiliu Dan , Kessler Elmar , von Harbou Erik , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2021

A new short-cut method (NoVa) for assessing solvents for gas cleaning by reactive absorption is presented. It considers the absorption / desorption cycle using the assumption of infinite number of stages in both columns. For a given feed and removal rate, the method yields an estimate for the specific regeneration energy q as a function of the solvent circulation rate L/G. The sole solvent-dependent input consists of two correlations describing the gas solubility at absorber and desorber conditions and estimates of caloric properties. Furthermore, a simple equation (SolSOFT) for correlating the gas solubility as a function of the gas loading of the solvent is presented. A theoretical analysis of the process reveals general properties of the dependency of q on L/G. The NoVa method is described and tested using amine-based solvents for post combustion carbon capture as examples.
When unsupervised training benefits category learning
Authors: Bröker Franziska , Love Bradley C. , Dayan Peter
Published: April 2021

[This is a preprint of the manuscript published in Cognition: Bröker, Love, & Dayan (2022).] Humans continuously categorise inputs, but only rarely receive explicit feedback as to whether or not they are correct. This implies that they may be integrating unsupervised information together with their sparse supervised data -- a form of semi-supervised learning. However, experiments testing semi-supervised learning are rare, and are bedevilled with conflicting results about whether the unsupervised information affords any benefit. Here, we suggest that one important factor that has been paid insufficient attention is the alignment between subjects' internal representations of the stimulus material and the experimenter-defined representations that determine success in the tasks. Subjects' representations are shaped by prior biases and experience, and unsupervised learning can only be successful if the alignment suffices. Otherwise, unsupervised learning might harmfully strengthen incorrect assumptions. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment in which subjects initially categorise items along a salient, but task-irrelevant, dimension, and only recover the correct categories when sufficient feedback draws their attention to the subtle, task-relevant, stimulus dimensions. By withdrawing feedback at different stages along this learning curve, we tested whether unsupervised learning improves or worsens performance when internal stimulus representations and task are sufficiently or insufficiently aligned, respectively. Our results demonstrate that unsupervised learning can indeed have opposing effects on subjects' learning. We also discuss factors limiting the degree to which such effects can be predicted from momentary performance. Our work implies that predicting and understanding human category learning in particular tasks requires assessment and consideration of the representational spaces that subjects entertain for the materials involved in those tasks. These considerations not only apply to studies in the lab, but could also help improve the design of tutoring systems and instruction.
The Differential Psychology of Environmental Protection/Exploitation
Authors: Milfont Taciano L
Published: April 2021

Differential psychology focuses on how people vary in the way they think, feel and act by measuring differences that distinguish individuals as more similar to themselves over time and across situations than others. In this article I review and discuss available evidence on key individual differences associated with protection and exploitation of the natural environment. The discussion centers on personality traits, basic human values, time perspective and system-justifying ideological orientations. Greater environmental protection has been shown to be consistently related to higher levels of Openness to Experience and Agreeableness traits (and somewhat Honesty-Humility), Self-Transcendence and Openness to Change values, and future thinking. In contrast, greater environmental exploitation is consistently related to higher levels of conservative political orientation, Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). Research examining individual differences provides useful theoretical information that can have applied benefits in designing communication strategies to bring individuals less prone to protect the natural environment on board. Issues with jangle fallacy (measures with different names might not necessarily assess different things) and direction for future research are also discussed.
Process of reservoir sedimentation in steep channel
Authors: Parajuli Bal B. , Suzuki Koichi , Kadota Akihiro
Published: April 2021

The process of sedimentation has been studied in a small, steep laboratory flume with a dam, which causes the hydraulic jump in the reservoir. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional bed profiles were observed in experiments with coarse and fine sediment, respectively. The profiles of water surface and sediment deposition are simulated numerically with the application of one-dimensional continuity flow equation and sediment transport. The simulated results coincide well with the observed ones except undulation bed profiles.
Purification of river water through a bar sediment of riverbed
Authors: Tanaka Yoshinori
Published: April 2021

Changes in nitrogen components in river water were investigated for one sediment bar over three years. The plane distribution of water quality in the bar was investigated by sampling and measuring the water that lies just below the seepage water table in the bar. It was found that total nitrogen in the seepage water decreased downstream. The observed distribution patterns of nitrogen components are in agreement with the distributions of the dissolved oxygen and the oxidation and reduction potential in the seepage water. The nitrogen distribution patterns match the direction of seepage flow estimated from the seepage water level, indicating that the denitrification process decreased the nitrogen components in the river water as it passed through the bar sediment. A remarkable change in nitrogen components occurs at the shallow and actively flowing part on the upstream side of the bar due to the coexistence of oxidation and reduction around the seepage water table in the bar sediment.

The removal efficiency of nitrogen per unit time is small in the individual bar. However, since several bars are present in the river and since the sediment below the river flow works in the same way as that in the bar, river sediment is thought to contribute greatly to the purification of river water. Thus, the present study has revealed that the natural water purification properties of river sediment, based on river sedimentology, should be used to reduce the pollution in urban and suburban rivers.
Application of electrical imaging techniques for the investigation of natural dams: an example from the Thulagi Glacier Lake, Nepal
Authors: Pant Surendra Raj , Reynolds John M.
Published: April 2021

The Thulagi Glacier Lake in the Gorkha District of western Nepal was investigated by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to delineate buried glacier ice and permafrost zones within the dam. Data were processed using a 2-D inversion program and by finite-difference forward modelling. Interpretation of the processed electrical images indicates that the method can be used for detecting the buried ice and permafrost by virtue of their very high electrical resistivity values (>20,000 Ohm.m and >5.000 Ohm.m, respectively). The resistivity of permafrost seems to be strongly dependent on the material particle size: the finer the particle size the lower is the value of electrical resistivity. Water-saturated glacier sediments have values of electrical resistivity less than 3,000 Ohm.m. The ERT method was useful in mapping of buried glacier ice and permafrost as well as in differentiating other geological materials constituting the dam.
Groundwater characteristics of the Saga Plain, Japan
Authors: Wang Lin , Iwao Yushiro
Published: April 2021

The Saga Plain is located in the west of Kyushu Island, Japan. The area is seriously affected by overdraft of groundwater. Land subsidence has been evident since 1957, and it was quite significant in 1960. The groundwater head varies seasonally depending on discharge and precipitation.

According to the geological properties of the Saga Plain, a single layer two-dimensional plane model was adopted to simulate the seasonal fluctuation of the groundwater head. Based on the Darcy's Law and continuity principle, the following differential equation was used to describe the groundwater flow:

(Tꝺ2h)/ ꝺx2 + (Tꝺ2h)/ ꝺy2 = Sꝺh/ꝺt + Q(x,y,t)

where, T is the transmissivity of aquifer; S is the storage coefficient; Q is the net recharge; and h is the groundwater head.

By comparing the pattern of the Hexa diagram in different areas and different aquifers, it was found that saltwater intrusion occurred in the Saga Plain due to over-pumping. Water quality and quantity are affected not only by the recharge and soil utilisation but also by the surrounding geological conditions.

Tritium concentration analysis was used for estimating the age of groundwater in the Saga Plain. The Saga Plain is divided into the Saga District and Shiroyishi District. In the Saga District, the groundwater showed a young age in the shallow wells of inland as well as coastal areas. The young age in the inland areas was attributed to the recharge of groundwater from the northern mountains. For the coastal areas, it was thought as the effect of saltwater intrusion from the Ariake Sea. Meanwhile, measurements showed that the groundwater in deep aquifers was of old age in the Saga District. Those results were also supported by the chemical analyses of the components of groundwater in the Saga Plain. In the Shiroyishi District, the old groundwater was encountered both in deep and shallow aquifers. The analyses of chemical components showed that the groundwater is affected mainly by the fossil water in the Shiroyishi District.
Hazard assessment of the Tsho Roipa Glacier Lake and ongoing remediation measures
Authors: Rana Birbal , Shrestha Arun B. , Reynolds John M. , Aryal Raju , Pokhrel Adarsha P. , Budhathoki Kamal P.
Published: April 2021

The Tsho Rolpa Glacier Lake stores about 100x 106 m3 of water behind an unconsolidated moraine dam in the Roiwaling Valley of central Nepal. The 150 m high terminal moraine has been deteriorating rapidly since the last 4-5 years, as buried dead-ice is being exposed. Displacement waves formed by the calving of the Trakarding Glacier terminus into the Tsho Rolpa are increasing in magnitude. Seepage from springs on the distal flank of the end moraine some 50 m below the dam crest and shallow slumps were also observed, and all of these phenomena indicate deterioration of the moraine dam. The majority of past studies suggested lowering the lake level to prevent a glacier lake outburst flood. Engineering work to lower the lake level down to 3 m by constructing an open channel on the terminal moraine began in May 1999 and ended successfully in July 2000. Several studies, including the ground penetrating radar survey, were conducted in association with the construction work. They provided the detailed information on subsurface conditions of the lake area. The construction of the open channel reduced the volume of water available to form a potential glacier lake outburst flood by about 20%. This work demonstrated for the first time in Nepal that such remediation of a glacier lake outburst is quite effective.
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПРОРІЗУВАННЯ ЗУБІВ. ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
Authors: Смаглюк Л. В. , Воронкова Г. В. , Карасюнок А. Є.
Published: April 2021

In modern dental practice, one of the complaints of patients is unsatisfactory appearance due to the visually disproportionate size of teeth. Diagnostic assessment of the smile reflects the amount of gum and tooth tissue exposed. This emphasizes the growing need for the exchange of information and scientific knowledge between orthodontists and periodontists, an integrated approach to the treatment of orthodontic patients. The position of the gums is clinicalу important because it is not static. Tooth eruption involves a complex of stages that have not yet been widely studied. According to the concept of continuous eruption, it does not stop, even when the teeth are in contact with their functional antagonists, but lasts a lifetime. The normal state of passive eruption should lead to the location of the cement-enamel joint (CEJ) approximately in the area of the base of the furrow and 2 mm from the ridge of the alveolar bone. The active eruption is the movement of teeth towards the occlusal plane, whereas the passive eruption is the exposure of teeth by apical migration of the gums. The passive eruption usually occurs after teething and continues in adolescents and finally stops after facial growth. Altered passive eruption (APE) (also known as delayed passive eruption) occurs when the edge of the gums is incorrectly (occlusively) located on the anatomical crown in adulthood and does not approach the CEJ. The "normal" position of the gingival margin to the CEJ is usually considered to be on or near the CEJ in the fully incised teeth of adults. The prevalence of APE in the adult population is currently poorly studied, possibly due to the lack of clear diagnostic criteria. Thus, Volchansky and Cleaton-Jones, based on a survey of 1,025 patients aged 24.2±6.2 years, recorded 12.1% of cases of APE. The analysis of the literature did not reveal any reliable etiological factors that cause the impossibility of the tooth eruption and cause such morphology of the CEJ. The greatest clinical significance of APE is its aesthetic consequences. As a rule, this is a change in dentofacial harmony, which is manifested in the following: the square appearance of the crowns, the exposure of the gums during a smile, smoothed gingival scallops. An integrated approach to the treatment of patients with APE includes consideration of periodontal interventions, restorative manipulations, and orthodontic treatment. Thus, the altered passive eruption is an unusual physiological variation in the morphology of the dental-gum complex, which leads to aesthetic disorders and is considered a risk factor for periodontal disease. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of altered teeth eruption when planning the orthodontic treatment. Correction of malocclusions should be integrative.
The impact of digitalization in the public sector: a systematic literature review
Authors: Fischer Caroline , Heuberger Moritz , Heine Moreen
Published: April 2021

The digitalization of public administration is increasingly moving forward. This systematic literature review analyzes empirical studies that explore the impacts of digitalization projects (n=93) in the public sector. Bibliometrically, only a few authors have published several times on this topic so far. Most studies focusing on impact come from the US or China, and are related to Computer Science. In terms of content, the majority of examined articles studies services to citizens, and therefore consider them when measuring impact. A classification of the investigated effects by dimensions of public value shows that the analysis of utilitarian-instrumental values, such as efficiency or performance, is prevalent. More interdisciplinary cooperation is needed to research the impact of digitalization in the public sector. The different dimensions of impact should be linked more closely. In addition, research should focus more on the effects of digitalization within administration.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Distribusi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian
Authors: Arianto Nurmin , Octavia Briani Dewi Astri
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan distribusi secara parsial dan simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada PT SI.  Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 90 responden dengan teknik insidental sampling. Data dianalisa menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa kualitas pelayanan dan distribusi secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada PT SI. Secara parsial kualitas pelayanan dan distribusi produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada PT SI. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kualitas Pelayanan dan Distribusi berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada PT SI. Kata Kunci: Kualitas pelayanan; Distribusi; Keputusan pembelian.
Pelatihan Membuat Perencanaan Bisnis (Business Plan) Dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing UMKM Pada Skala Mikro
Authors: Ma’rifah Siti , Faqihuddin Faqihuddin , Firdaus Farhan Nizam , Tandia M. Irsandy , Mariska Ila , Permatasari Anna
Published: April 2021

Tujuan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) Mahasiswa ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada anggota Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) Cisauk yang beralamat di Jalan Griya Serpong Asri RT. 001 RW. 005 Des. Suradita Kec. Cisauk Kab. Tangerang 15343. Adapun Metode kegiatan ini adalah mendatangi Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga tersebut dan memberikan pelatihan serta diskusi mengenai Pelatihan Perencanaan Bisnis dalam meningkatkan daya saing UMKM. Hasil dari kegiatan tersebut adalah para peserta menjadi lebih mengerti tentang cara Perencanaan Bisnis di masa Pandemi Covid-19, sehingga di masa yang akan datang Para peserta dapat bersaing secara struktural dan dapat mengetahui langkah langkah yang efektif dalam ber-UMKM. Kata Kunci: Perencanaan Bisnis; Studi Ekonomi
Public and legal activities of a lawyer S. Kadyrbaev
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Saktaganova E. B. , Sailaubai Y. Y. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Chetin N. D. ,   Ahi Evran Kirsehir University
Published: April 2021

This article examines activities of a lawyer, translator Seidazym Kulmukhameduly Kadyrbayev and his training and academic performance under the tsarist government. He received a pedagogical education but began his career as a translator in the legal system. And this is no accident, as at that time the traditional way of life of the Kazakh people was undergoing changes. His career advancement was studied with the help of archival data. A review of the scientific literature was made for a more detailed study of the topic of the sociopolitical life and Seidazym Kadyrbayev’s activities. There was carried out a comparative analysis of information from archives and scientific literature of Russia and Kazakhstan. The results of the analysis reveal facts from Seidazym Kadyrbayev’s life that have been unknown to the public. It was also revealed that friendship with Kazakh intelligence was the basis for his further development and cooperation with political forces aimed at protecting the political and civil interests of the people at the beginning of the XX century, during the revival of political activity in the empire. The article assesses S. Kadyrbayev’s role as an active member of the political organization «Alash-Orda» and his ability to advance in the legal field, to be a competent and qualified employee, despite the lack of special legal knowledge. Seidazym Kadyrbayev contributed to the legal protection of the illiterate population by translating several laws from Russian into Kazakh and adapting them to the Kazakh way of life. He also translated into Kazakh several works in the field of jurisprudence.
Synthesis of an Algorithm for Processing the Trajectories of Moving Objects Using the Methods of Data Clustering Theory
Authors: Bao Nguyen Phung , Dang Quang Hieu
Published: April 2021

Introduction.  Requirements for the quality of information about the trajectory of moving objects provided by sensor networks are increasingly becoming more stringent. For Information and Data Processing Centers (DPC) at control and management command posts, the issue of information mapping and forming the true trajectories of moving objects in the area of intersection of network detection zones is of particular importance. The use of conventional approaches to solving this problem involves issues  related to ensuring the efficient provision of users with complete and reliable information about trajectories in real time. In this article, wee propose a new approach to solving this problem using data mining theory, in particular, the methods of data clustering theory. Based on an analysis of the process of processing radar data in a DPC and its similarity with that of data clustering, we synthesized an algorithm for processing the trajectories of moving objects. The algorithm was verified by modelling and experimental research.

Aim.  To develop a generalized scheme for processing object trajectories (TP) in a DPC and to synthesized a TP algorithm using the methods of data clustering theory.

Materials  and  methods.  Data  Clustering  theory,  Systems   Engineering  theory,  Radar  Data  processing  theory (RD), methods of mathematical modelling and experimental research.

Results.  Based on an analysis of the essence of radar data processing (RD) in a DPC and its similarity with the process of data clustering,  an algorithm for processing the trajectories of moving objects was synthesized and verified by modelling and experimental research. A generalized scheme for processing the trajectories of moving objects in a DPC and a TP algorithm for a DPC were synthesized.

Conclusions.  An algorithm for processing object trajectories was proposed based on a new approach of data clustering theory. A generalized scheme and an algorithm for processing object trajectories (TP) in a DPC were suggested. These developments can be  effectively applied in various models, e.g. centralized, hierarchical and decentralized. The synthesized algorithm can provide output information about the true identified trajectories in terms of various indicators of data processing systems (DPS).