bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outre-mers : un devoir de réalisme
Authors: Yché André
Published: March 2023

Nos Outre-mers sont un atout majeur, mais hélas trop souvent négligés. Leur économie reste administrée et mal exploitée en dépit d’un potentiel réel. Il faudrait ainsi revoir un cadre institutionnel encore trop rigide et sortir d’un statu quo , d’autant plus qu’ils sont de vrais relais d’influence.
La théorie des jeux : un outil pertinent pour l’analyse stratégique ?
Authors: Bazalgette Didier , Boisset Marc-Olivier , Langlois-Berthelot Jean
Published: March 2023

La théorie des jeux développée à partir des années 1940 a profondément évolué grâce à de nouveaux outils statistiques, permettant d’appréhender des situations complexes. Cela autorise des transformations à venir pour l’emploi de ces théories dans l’analyse stratégique et les futurs environnements.
Les reporters de guerre
Authors: Klen Michel
Published: March 2023

Les reporters de guerre, même à l’heure des réseaux sociaux, restent indispensables pour rendre compte de la réalité de la guerre. Les risques sont réels et nombre d’entre eux y ont laissé la vie comme le légendaire Robert Capa. Rapporter la guerre demeure essentiel face à la désinformation.
Redistribution des cartes en Asie centrale (2/2) - Turquie, Iran et États-Unis
Authors: Pasquier Daniel
Published: March 2023

L’Asie centrale fait l’objet de l’intérêt par les grandes puissances environnant la zone. Alors que les États-Unis sont plutôt sur le repli, la Turquie, la Russie et la Chine ont des ambitions géopolitiques, sans oublier l’Iran. L’activisme de ces États traduit la multipolarité croissante d’un nouvel ordre mondial désordonné.
Histoire militaire
Authors: Franc Claude
Published: March 2023

L’organisation du commandement pour la conduite d’une opération est décisive pour en assurer l’efficacité. Une mauvaise répartition des responsabilités a toujours fragilisé la chaîne opérationnelle au risque de l’échec. Quelques précédents historiques illustrent l’importance de l’unicité de la direction en charge du théâtre d’engagement.
Les plateformes urbaines comme mode de gouvernance
Authors: Haveri Arto , Anttiroiko Ari-Veikko
Published: March 2023

Cet article propose une analyse de la gouvernance des plateformes urbaines en analysant les principales formes de gouvernance publique et en décrivant le rôle des plateformes dans ce domaine. Nous fusionnons les analyses théoriques et les vues empiriques concernant trois plateformes urbaines mises en place par les plus grandes villes de Finlande pour évaluer la pertinence des plateformes en tant que forme émergente de gouvernance publique locale. Il est plausible de considérer les plateformes comme des hybrides qui intègrent des éléments à la fois des réseaux et des marchés et même, dans une certaine mesure, des hiérarchies. Cependant, les plateformes présentent également des caractéristiques irréductibles, ce qui permet de les percevoir comme un quatrième mode de gouvernance. La logique de plateforme permet de voir la gouvernance de réseau de manière plus large pour considérer l’ensemble plus large de connexions, l’orchestration de logiques multiples et la pensée écosystémique. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Aujourd’hui, les administrations municipales créent et entretiennent des plateformes urbaines pour rassembler différents acteurs et permettre une collaboration à valeur ajoutée dans la prestation de services, la gouvernance et la planification. Cet article aide les décideurs et les gestionnaires locaux à comprendre la logique de la plateforme en impliquant divers publics dans la création de valeur publique. Lorsqu’ils administrent des plateformes, les gestionnaires publics locaux peuvent utiliser les mêmes méthodes, en grande partie, que pour les réseaux. La gouvernance des plateformes permet cependant de voir les choses plus largement pour considérer l’ensemble plus vaste de connexions, l’orchestration de logiques multiples et la pensée écosystémique.
Cadrage discursif et lieux organisationnels : Auteurmécanismes d’adoption des politiques d’intelligence artificielle
Authors: af Malmborg Frans , Trondal Jarle
Published: March 2023

L’objectif de cet article est double : évaluer théoriquement les facteurs explicatifs idéologiques et organisationnels de l’adoption de politiques d’intelligence artificielle ; et examiner dans quelle mesure l’Union européenne a réussi à faciliter une politique d’intelligence artificielle coordonnée dans les pays nordiques. L’étude utilise une approche mixte basée sur une recherche systématique en ligne, une analyse systématique des documents politiques et des entretiens semi-structurés avec des informateurs clés. L’étude révèle que l’Union européenne a utilisé des stratégies basées sur le cadrage pour établir un programme pour une politique européenne coordonnée en matière d’intelligence artificielle. De plus, la stratégie a affecté les politiques d’intelligence artificielle des États membres dans la mesure où les principes clés du discours de l’Union européenne sur l’intelligence artificielle ont pénétré les documents publics nordiques. Cependant, la mesure dans laquelle les pays nordiques intègrent le discours politique de l’Union européenne sur l’intelligence artificielle varie au niveau national. Les différences de capacités organisationnelles nationales entre les pays nordiques font que l’adoption de politiques en matière d’intelligence artificielle est variable. Cette observation est expliquée théoriquement par une conversation entre la théorie organisationnelle de la gouvernance publique et l’institutionnalisme discursif. L’étude soutient que l’encadrement des politiques d’intelligence artificielle de l’Union européenne est filtré par les structures organisationnelles entre les États. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens L’étude montre comment les décideurs politiques des pays nordiques sont affectés par l’Union européenne lorsqu’ils élaborent leurs propres politiques en matière d’intelligence artificielle. La Commission européenne influence profondément l’élaboration des politiques des États membres et des États affiliés par le biais de la stratégie politique d’encadrement des politiques. La Commission utilise cette mesure non contraignants pour inciter les États membres à se conformer au cadre politique de l’Union européenne. Deuxièmement, l’étude montre l’importance des organisations : la variation des capacités organisationnelles nationales dans les pays nordiques contribue à la variation de l’adoption des politiques nationales. Même si les pays nordiques adoptent des cadres politiques au niveau de l’Union européenne, leur mise en œuvre est façonnée par les capacités organisationnelles variables disponibles au niveau national.
Physicochemical characterization of sangorache natural colorant extracts (Amaranthus quitensis L.) prepared via spray- and freeze-drying
Authors: Quelal María , Villacrés Elena , Vizuete Karla , Debut Alexis
Published: March 2023

In this study, we sought to prepare sangorache encapsulate (Amaranthus quitensis L.) by spray- and freeze-drying, using three different concentrations (3, 5 and 7%) of the encapsulating agent, maltodextrin. To atomize the powder, we used a Buchi mini spray-dryer B-290 with three inlet temperatures (140, 160 and 180 ℃) and a laboratory freeze dryer with a −0.8 bar pressure for 4 days. During atomization, the powders presented lower moisture content and water activity with the addition of maltodextrin; however, there were no significant changes in the moisture of the freeze-dried powders. Colorimetric analysis revealed that the luminosity (L) and chroma (C) values changed as maltodextrin concentration increased. The structures of particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) SEM, and very different morphological characteristics resulted from the two drying methods. Also, apparent density, hygroscopy and dissolution testing revealed significant differences between the powders. Sangorache antioxidant compounds were preserved to a greater extent by applying low concentrations of the encapsulating agent and by the freeze-drying technique. The natural colorant from sangorache inflorescences could serve as an additive to improve food color in the industry.
On the Hamiltonian and geometric structure of Langmuir circulation
Authors: Yang Cheng
Published: March 2023

The Craik-Leibovich equation (CL) serves as the theoretical model for Langmuir circulation. We show that the CL equation can be reduced to the dual space of a certain Lie algebra central extension. On this space, the CL equation can be rewritten as a Hamiltonian equation corresponding to the kinetic energy. Additionally, we provide an explanation of the appearance of this central extension structure through an averaging theory for Langmuir circulation. Lastly, we prove a stability theorem for two-dimensional steady flows of the CL equation. The paper also contains two examples of stable steady CL flows.
The effects of processing aids and techniques on olive oil extractability and oil quality índices
Authors: Khaleghi E. , Norozi Moghadam H. , Mortazavi S.M.H.
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of processing aids and techniques such as talcum powder (2% w/w), calcium carbonate (2% w/w), warm water dipping (45 °C), combined treatment (warm water dipping+2% calcium carbonate) and control (without adding processing aid) on extractability and quality of ‘Tarom 7’ olive oil as randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the carotenoid content, K232, fatty acid profile or the Cox’s value in the oil obtained from untreated and treated fruits with processing aids. The highest chlorophyll content (0.84 mg/kg), total phenolic content (236.94 mg/kg), paste extractability (8.5%) and the lowest peroxide values (0.32 meqO2/kg), K270 (0.38) were obtained from the oil extracted with 2% talc powder. According to the results, it can be suggested that the 2% talc powder treatment could have a positive effect on olive oil quality and paste extractability.
Changes in the quality parameters of Cephalaria syriaca L. seed oil after the refining process
Authors: Duman E.
Published: March 2023

The present study has determined that the crude-oil refining process from the Cephalaria syriaca (CS) seed, which could be a new vegetable oilseed source, changed its physical and chemical quality properties (except specific gravity and refractive index). It was also determined that the dominant saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the crude and refined oils were myristic (21.06-11.80%), palmitic (10.8-8.91%), stearic (2.26-2.70%), oleic (29.17-34.24%) and linoleic (35.56-40.57%). The vitamin E values of the crude and refined CS seed oils were 51.95-50.90 mg/kg, respectively. The oxidative stability values for crude and refined CS seed oils were 2.32-2.69 h, respectively. β-sitosterol and campesterol were the predominant sterols. As a result of the refining process, although magnesium, potassium, iron and copper decreased, the ratios of sodium, aluminum, calcium, chromium, strontium, rubidium, and barium increased. The results provide preliminary data for the future consumption of CS oil in particular for refined CS seed oil.
Negative Conversion of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Clinical Outcomes according to the SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kim Tae Hun , Ji Eunjeong , Song Myung Jin , Lim Sung Yoon , Lee Yeon Joo , Cho Young-Jae
Published: March 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global public health threat and different variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been identified. This study aimed to analyse the factors associated with negative conversion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and prognosis in critically ill patients according to the SARS-CoV-2 variant.Methods: This study retrospectively analysed 259 critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary medical center between January 2020 and May 2022. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was used to evaluate comorbidity, and a negative PCR test result within 2 weeks was used to define negative PCR conversion. The cases were divided into the following three variant groups, according to the documented variant of SARS-CoV-2 at the time of diagnosis: non-Delta (January 20, 2020–July 6, 2021), Delta (July 7, 2021– January 1, 2022), and Omicron (January 30, 2022–April 24, 2022).Results: The mean age of the 259 patients was 67.1 years and 93 (35.9%) patients were female. Fifty (19.3%) patients were smokers, and 50 (19.3%) patients were vaccinated. The CCI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.555; p<0.001), vaccination (HR, 0.492; p=0.033), and Delta variant (HR, 2.469; p=0.002) were significant factors for in-hospital mortality. The Delta variant (odds ratio, 0.288; p=0.003) was associated with fewer negative PCR conversion; however, vaccination (p=0.163) and remdesivir (p=0.124) treatments did not.Conclusion: The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with lower survival and negative PCR conversion. Contrary to expectations, vaccination and remdesivir may not affect negative PCR conversion in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
The sodium does not affect joint pain and functional activity of knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Achmad Anisyah , Suharjono Suharjono , Soeroso Joewono , Suprapti Budi , Siswandono Siswandono , Pristianty Liza , Rahmadi Mahardian , Nugraha Jusak , Nugroho Cahyo W. , Surya Yoki , Isma Satria P.P. , Rahadiansyah Erreza , Huwae Thomas Erwin C.J. , Suryana Bagus P.P.
Published: March 2023

Background: The sodium may aggravate synovial inflammation and cartilage thinning. This incidence can cause joint pain and reduce functional activity. Not many people know the effect of sodium on the incidence of OA. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between sodium in the body and knee joint pain which results in functional activity. Methods: The quantitative descriptive study used accidental sampling. The study was conducted at three outpatient polyclinic orthopedics of hospitals and was approved by the Health Ethics Committee. All data were collected during the interview. The Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and the Nutrisurvey Indonesia 2007 application were used as a tool to collect daily sodium intake (mg). Knee joint pain score was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) while functional body activity was measured using the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The Pearson and Spearman test (p0.05) were used as a correlation test. Results: 80 subjects were according to the inclusion criteria. Characteristics of the subjects were pre-elderly (32, 40%), women (74, 92.5%), BMI≥ 30 kg/m2 (54, 67.5%) and occupation (43, 53.75%). Average sodium intake = 2090.78 ± 1084.33 mg, VAS score = 6.28 ± 1.95 and WOMAC score = 32.65 ± 14.88. The correlation sodium, VAS, and WOMAC were not significant (p=0.196, p=0.372). Conclusions: Increased sodium intake is not associated with knee joint pain and functional body activity.
Eurycoma longifolia: an overview on the pharmacological properties for the treatment of common cancer
Authors: Jothi Shankar , Parumasivam Thaigarajan , Mohtar Noratiqah
Published: March 2023

urycoma longifolia plant, the so called Tongkat Ali in Malaysia, is a well grown prominent tree in all Southeast Asia. It is well known among traditional medicine practitioners as a curative plant for many diseases and health conditions. The major quassinoid from the plant is eurycomanone, which exhibits many prominent effects on various cancer cell lines. Numerous studies have shown that eurycomanone inhibits cancerous cell growth and encourages cell death both in vitro and in vivo test. Even though analyses of safety and toxicity have been conducted, there is still a substantial knowledge barrier when it comes to providing a scientific foundation for the molecular mechanism as well as intervention strategy in the living people cancer cell. In a way to offer adequate baseline data for future investigations based on molecular mechanism and intervention, the present work seeks to review the researches conducted to date on this herbal plant.
The effect of polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 on the solubility of quercetin
Authors: Erawati Tristiana , Isadiartuti Dewi , Anggalih Bintari D.
Published: March 2023

Background: Quercetin acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and anti-aging so quercetin can be used as a topical preparation. However, it has low solubility in water at 0.01 mg/ml at 25°C. Increasing the solubility of quercetin in water was done by the addition of surfactants. Objective: This study compared the solubility of quercetin in Polysorbate 20 (P20) and Polysorbate 80 (P80) in a citrate buffer medium pH 4.5±0.2. Methods: The surfactants Polysorbate 80 and Polysorbate 20 differ in their alkyl chain length. Polysorbate 80 has an alkyl chain length of 18, while Polysorbate 20 has an alkyl chain length of 12. The concentrations of surfactant are above, below, and at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) values. The concentrations of quercetin were determined at the maximum wavelength by spectrophotometric method. Results: The results of the quercetin solubility test without surfactant were 3.89±0.59 mg/L. The results of the quercetin solubility test by adding Polysorbate 20 at a concentration of 42.0 ppm; 57.5 ppm; and 73.0 ppm were 3.62±0.72, 4.04±0.23 and 8.35±1.97 mg/L, respectively. While the solubility of quercetin by adding Polysorbate 80 at a concentration of 4.0 ppm, 11.5 ppm, and 19.0 ppm was 11.15±0.72, 11.37±1.23 and 14.17±1.96 mg/L, respectively. The solubility of quercetin is greater after the addition of surfactant Polysorbate 20 only at the concentration above the CMC value and the solubility of quercetin is greater with the addition of surfactant Polysorbate 80 at all concentrations. Surfactant Polysorbate 20 increases the solubility of quercetin in citrate buffer pH 4.5±0.2 only at concentrations above the CMC value of 2.14 times. Polysorbate 80 can increase the solubility of quercetin in citrate buffer pH 4.5±0.2 at concentrations below, at, and above CMC by 2.87, 2.92, and 3.63 times, respectively. Conclusion: Polysorbate 80 can increase the solubility of quercetin in citrate buffer pH 4.5±0.2 higher than Polysorbate 20.
Challenges and strategies for collagen delivery for tissue regeneration
Authors: Agustina Lia , Miatmoko Andang , Hariyadi Dewi M.
Published: March 2023

Background: Aged skin is characterized by wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and roughness. Collagen is the most abundant protein in our body and it’s responsible for skin health and it’s mostly influenced by factors that accelerated aging such as UV. Objective: This study aimed to identify the potential use of collagen as skin supplementation and the challenges and strategies for its delivery. Methods: The articles were first searched through the existing database with the keyword of “collagen antiaging”. The 585 articles were then screened by year of publication (2012-2022) resulted in 475 articles. The articles were then selected based on the delivery of collagen either orally or topically, resulted in 12 articles for further analysis. Results: Collagen has important roles in skin physiology by involving some mechanisms through inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, induction of Tissue Growth Factor β (TGF-β), and inhibition of Nuclear Factor kappa beta (NF-κβ). The oral administration of collagen has an effective biological activity but requires large doses (up to 5 g daily). Meanwhile, the topical administration of collagen is limited by poor permeability due to high molecular weight (±300 kDa). Several strategies need to be carried out mainly by physical modification such as hydrolyzed collagen or entrapment of collagen using a suitable delivery system. Conclusions: Collagen could improve the skin properties, but further research should be conducted to increase its penetration either by physical modification or entrapment into suitable carrier.
Moisturized and non-irritating hand gel based on sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan l.) and limau citrus peel (Citrus amblycarpa (hassk.) ochse) extracts
Authors: Sari Dina Y. , Lestari Genta W. , Pulungan Habiba F.F. , Remiyati Ira , Widyasari Ratna
Published: March 2023

Background: Hand gel is a preparation used to protect hand skin from dryness. The antioxidant compounds in sappan wood and limau citrus peel can moisturize hands by preventing the oxidation of oils and fats on the surface of the (sebaceous glands). Objective: This study aims to formulate hand gel from ethanol extract of sappan wood with a combination of limau citrus peel extract that can moisturize hands and not to cause irritation. Methods: Sappan wood and limau citrus peel simplicia were macerated using 96% ethanol. The ethanolic extracts were then formulated into hand gel by varying the concentration of the ethanol extracts. The evaluation of the hand gel involved an organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, spreadability test, viscosity test, and skin moisture test. A primary irritation test was carried out to ensure the hand gel’s safety. Results: The results shows that the three hand gel formulas produce an orange-red color and soft scent of roses and citrus, with a pH of 7.8 and with good homogeneity. The formulas also have a spreading level of FI (5 cm), FII (5.2 cm), and FIII (5, 1 cm), and viscosity values were FI 12000 mPas, F II 12500 mPas, and F III 12400 mPas. The humidity test results on the three formulas shows different moisture values of 45.16%, 46.17%, and 45.09%, respectively (category of normal or moisture). The hand gel formulas have an irritation index of 0 (no irritation category). Conclusion: The hand gel formulas meet the quality requirements of hand gel, have moisturizing agent, and are not irritating.
Promising alkaloids and flavonoids compounds as anti-hepatitis c virus agents: a review
Authors: Rizaldi Gusti , Hafid Achmad F. , Wahyuni Tutik S.
Published: March 2023

Background: Virus infections are presently seen as a major public health problem. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is recognized as a “silent killer” because the acute infection has no symptoms, and it develops as a chronic infection that causes hepatocellular carcinoma and liver damage. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that between 130-170 million people are estimated to have chronic Hepatitis C. Plants have various phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids and flavonoids that have prominent antiviral effects especially anti-HCV. The current HCV treatment still has limitations related to side effects and can lead to viral resistance. Therefore, it is necessary for the discovery and development of novel anti-HCV drugs for alternative and complementary medicine. Objective: This review intends to evaluate the alkaloids and flavonoids that have the potential to be used against HCV by looking at their classification and their mechanism of action. Methods: Twenty-one articles from 2010 to 2022 obtained from PUBMED database using keywords such as isolated compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, hepatitis C virus. Results: 21 alkaloids and 37 flavonoids reported active against HCV. Alkaloids include quinoline, quinolizidine and isoquinoline. In addition, flavanone, flavonol, flavone, flavan-3-ol, flavonolignan, anthocyanidin and proanthocyanidin comprise flavonoids. The berberine alkaloids and eriodictyol 7-O-(6′′-caffeoyl)-β-D- glucopyranoside flavonoids had the lowest IC50 with values of 0.49 mM and 0.041 nM. Conclusions: Alkaloids and flavonoids compound had good activity against HCV with various mechanisms. Our results provide information of alkaloids and flavonoids to the researcher for the development of alternative and complementary medicine of hepatitis C.
The effect of peppermint oil addition on the physical stability, irritability, and penetration of nanostructured lipid carrier coenzyme Q10
Authors: Erawati Tristiana , Arifiani Rizki A. , Miatmoko Andang , Hariyadi Dewi M. , Rosita Noorma , Purwanti Tutiek
Published: March 2023

Background: Coenzyme Q10 is formulated into Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) added with peppermint oil (PO) 0% (F1), 1% (F2), 1.5% (F3) and 2% (F4) to increase its penetration. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of PO addition on the irritability, stability, and penetration of Coenzyme Q10 in the NLC. Methods: Coenzyme Q10 NLC was prepared using the High Shear Homogenization method. Furthermore, physical characterization was carried out. Physical stability testing was carried out for 90 days at a temperature of 25±5oC and an RH of 60±10%. The in vivo irritation test was observed for mice’s back skin after 24 hours while the penetration study was further evaluated at 2 hours of the sample application. Results: Increasing the PO amount into Coenzyme Q10 NLC reduced the viscosity which was 329.1±15.5 cps for PO 0% to 219.9±2.9 cps for 2% addition. The observation of particle morphology showed that all NLC Coenzyme Q10 has a spherical particle shape with particle size between 188.25±13.22 to 197.80±14.19 nm. All formulas had high entrapment efficiency (80%). PO addition did not cause changes in physical characteristics during 90 days of storage. The 24 hours’ irritation test showed that F2 and F3 are non-irritating. By PO addition skin penetration improved at 2 hours’ penetration study. Conclusion: PO addition up to 2% reduced viscosity, but did not affect particle size and morphology of Coenzyme Q10 NLC. Addition of PO up to 1.5% increased entrapment efficiency, did not irritate and increased the penetration of Coenzyme Q10 NLC.
Molecular docking of 5-o-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives from Boesenbergia pandurata roxb. as anti-inflammatory
Authors: Wiyono Anang S. , Siswandono Siswandono , Diyah Nuzul W.
Published: March 2023

Background: The use of NSAIDs, also known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has numerous adverse effects and consequences. For this reason, it is necessary to develop rational drugs as safer anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side effects. Temu Kunci rhizome contains Pinostrobin (5-hydroxy-7- methoxyflavanone), which is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study aims to determine the strongest anti-inflammatory activity at the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) receptor through the 5-O-Benzoylpinostrobin derivative design. Methods: AutoDockTools on the COX-2 receptor (PDB code: 5IKR) were used in molecular docking in this study. The metrics employed were binding afinity (ΔG), inhibition constant (Ki), which serve as indicators of affinities, and amino acid residue similarity, which serves as a measure of the similarity of interactions. Predictive scores were confirmed by Molecular Docking Simulation. Results: The top five 5-O-Benzoylpinostrobin derivatives show a high affinity for the COX-2 receptor compared to Pinostrobin as a marker compound of Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb and furthermore give the lowest inhibition constant (Ki) and the highest negative binding free energy (ΔG), 35.40, 45.21, 54.75, 64.43, 76.97 nM and -10.16, -10.02, -9.91, -9.81, -9.7 kcal/mol. Interestingly, the five 5-O-Benzoylpinostrobin derivatives also have higher affinity than the native ligand Mefenamic acid, which is known to be a non-selective COX-2 inhibitor. The highest predicted affinity was shown by 4-Nitro-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin for the COX-2 receptor (PDP ID: 5IKR), with a higher predicted affinity for Mefenamic acid. Conclusion: The five selected 5-O-Benzoylpinostrobin derivatives were potent modifications of pinostrobin as an anti-inflammatory because they showed a higher affinity than Pinostrobin and Mefenamic acid. This study demonstrated that it is highly feasible to produce and test the novel 5-O-Benzoylpinostrobin derivative in vivo, specifically 4-Nitro-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin.
Patterns of bronchodilator therapy in asthmatic outpatients
Authors: Aryani Toetik , Rahmawati Riska K. , Cintyadewi Ni P. , Puspitasari Arina D. , Rasyid Alfian N. , Samirah Samirah
Published: March 2023

Background: Bronchodilators are used to treat asthma symptoms. The administration of this therapy can be given through monotherapy or in combination to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect. Objective: This study aimed to examine the prescribing pattern of bronchodilators in asthmatic outpatients. Methods: A retrospective study was done by reviewing and analyzing medical records of asthmatic outpatients from January 2019 until December 2020. Data analysis was performed descriptively. Results: In this study, bronchodilators were administered by inhalation 97.4% compared to oral routes 2.6%. Combination bronchodilator therapy showed 54.7% compared to monotherapy by 46.3%. The combination ICS/LABA budesonide/formoterol 160/4.5 mcg was the most widely used 45.7%. Conclusion: The use of a bronchodilator was in accordance with the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. The route of drug administration through inhalation is more widely used than oral. Combination bronchodilators were more recommended than bronchodilator monotherapy to control asthma symptoms.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on pulmonary function in patients receiving one-lung ventilation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Lin , Cai Yongheng , Dan Lin , Huang He , Chen Bing
Published: March 2023

Background: Mechanical ventilation, particularly one-lung ventilation (OLV), can cause pulmonary dysfunction. This meta-analysis assessed the effects of dexmedetomidine on the pulmonary function of patients receiving OLV. Methods: The Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry databases were systematically searched. The primary outcome was oxygenation index (OI). Other outcomes including the incidence of postoperative complications were assessed. Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 845 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Dexmedetomidine improved the OI at 30 (mean difference [MD]: 40.49, 95% CI [10.21, 70.78]), 60 (MD: 60.86, 95% CI [35.81, 85.92]), and 90 min (MD: 55, 95% CI [34.89, 75.11]) after OLV and after surgery (MD: 28.98, 95% CI [17.94, 40.0]) and improved lung compliance 90 min after OLV (MD: 3.62, 95% CI [1.7, 5.53]). Additionally, dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (odds ratio: 0.44, 95% CI [0.24, 0.82]) and length of hospital stay (MD: −0.99, 95% CI [−1.25, −0.73]); decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and malondialdehyde levels; and increased superoxide dismutase levels. However, only the results for the OI and IL-6 levels were confirmed by the sensitivity and trial sequential analyses.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine improves oxygenation in patients receiving OLV and may additionally decrease the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and shorten the length of hospital stay, which may be related to associated improvements in lung compliance, anti-inflammatory effects, and regulation of oxidative stress reactions. However, robust evidence is required to confirm these conclusions.
Uric Acid: A Friend in the Past, a Foe in the Present
Authors: Ejaz Abutaleb Ahsan , Antenor Jo Ann , Kumar Vijay , Roncal Carlos , Garcia Gabriela E. , Andres-Hernando Ana , Lanaspa Miguel A. , Johnson Richard J
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The etiology of the epidemics of obesity and diabetes has commonly been attributed to the western diet rich in sugars and fat. More recent studies suggest that the epidemic may have evolutionary origins. Specifically, fructose appears to be a unique nutrient that acts to reduce ATP levels in the cell, creating an alarm signal that activates an orchestrated response that includes hunger, foraging, the stimulation of fat accumulation in the adipose, liver and blood, the development of insulin resistance, a rise in blood pressure, and systemic inflammation. This constellation of findings is similar to what is called as the metabolic syndrome, but is a protective system to aid survival in settings of food shortage. Uric acid generated from ATP depletion appears to be central in driving the biologic process. Here we discuss the role of uric acid in obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. A key finding is that a mutation in uric acid metabolism occurring during our past that aided survival but that today is acting as an amplifier driving the obesity response to western diet. Uric acid is emerging as a key target in the mechanisms driving metabolic syndrome and kidney disease.
Has Quality of Suicide Reporting by Print Media Changed in India? A Re-Examination of Previous Findings
Authors: Nair Aditya Satish , Kaur Dashleen , Ravindran Navna Panchami , Halder Ankit , Harshe Devavrat , Behere Prakash B
Published: March 2023

Background:

Suicide is a serious mental health problem in India, and suicide rates in India have risen over the past decades. Reporting of suicide by the media is a common cause for spurts of suicides that may occur.

Methodology:

Suspected suicide by the renowned actor Sushant Singh Rajput was selected as the reference case. The top two Indian daily newspapers published in English having the highest circulation as per data provided by the Registrar of Newspapers, Government of India, were selected to be part of the study. The authors screened all news stories in the two newspapers within a 6-month period (3 months prior and 3 months post the date of the reference suicide case), and these news reports were evaluated as per the suicide reporting guidelines for media laid down by the Indian Psychiatric Society. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and descriptive statistics where appropriate.

Results:

Our search yielded 158 articles from a period of 6 months, with 50 articles published before the suspected celebrity suicide and 108 published after. 29.7% had the word suicide in headline, 14.6% of them had news printed on the first page, 17.7% had a suicide note mentioned, whereas 1.9% mentioned prior attempts by victim.

Conclusions:

There is no change in media trend toward reporting suicide as noted following postcelebrity suicide, and so it is essential that media follow guidelines stringently when reporting a serious problem like suicide.
Primary Pancreatic Lymphoma - A Rare Entity
Authors: Prakash Lalgudi Dorairajan , Shaikh Oseen Hajilal , Kumbhar Uday Shamrao , Prakash Sagar , Balasubramanian Gopal
Published: March 2023

Primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is a rare condition often confused and diagnosed as a pancreatic malignancy due to the similarity in clinical presentations of the two entities. Patients of PPL may present with features of obstructive jaundice. Here, we discuss the case of a 27-year-old male who presented to the hospital with features of obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, swelling over the scalp, and right scapular region. The patient was diagnosed to have a pancreatic head mass with radiological investigations. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology report was inconclusive, and the final diagnosis of PPL was made after a cervical lymph node biopsy. The patient received treatment with rituximab, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone regimen and went into remission.
Association of RASis and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with clinical manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: Results from the Khorshid Coronavirus Disease Cohort Study
Authors: Iraj Bijan , Moravejolahkami Amir Reza , Sami Ramin , Riahinezhad Maryam , Tasdighi Zahra , Toghyani Arash , Hosseini Nastaran Sadat , Niri Fatemeh Dehghan , Askari Gholamreza
Published: March 2023

Background:

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEinhs) may deteriorate or improve the clinical manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association of ARBs/ACEinhs and hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (HMGRis) with clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials and Methods:

From April 4 to June 2, 2020, 659 patients were categorized according to whether they were taking ARB, ACEinh, or HMGRi drugs or none of them. Demographic variables, clinical and laboratory tests, chest computed tomography findings, and intensive care unit-related data were analyzed and compared between the groups.

Results:

The ARB, ACEinh, and HMGRi groups significantly had lower heart rate (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a lower percent of O2 saturation (89.34 ± 7.17% vs. 84.25 ± 7.00%; P = 0.04) was observed in the ACEis group than non-ACEinhs. Mortality rate and the number of intubated patients were lower in patients taking ARBs, ACEinhs, and HMGRis, although these differences failed to reach statistical significance.

Conclusion:

Our findings present clinical data on the association between ARBs, ACEinhs, and HMGRis and outcomes in hospitalized, hypertensive COVID-19 patients, implying that ARBs/ACEinhs are not associated with the severity or mortality of COVID-19 in such patients.
Changes in the management of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the 2010-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Yoonjung , Park Suyeon , Oh Kyungwon , Choi Hongseok , Jeong Eun Kyeong
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the changes in chronic disease management indicators, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesteremia, from 2010-2020 and before (2019) and during (2020) the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.METHODS: This study included 58,504 individuals aged ≥30 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2020. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of chronic diseases and the difference in those between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed using the SAS program PROC SURVEYREG.RESULTS: From 2010-2020, the awareness, treatment, and control in adults aged ≥30 years for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia continuously improved, whereas no significant change in the management indicators of diabetes mellitus was observed. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in men increased from before to during the COVID- 19 pandemic. However, there was no significant change in the management indicators of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in men and women, and the awareness, treatment, and control rates for hypercholesterolemia increased by 5.5%p, 6.9%p, and 4.1%p respectively.CONCLUSIONS: In 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia increased, but the management indicators of the chronic diseases did not significantly deteriorate. Considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to monitor changes in chronic disease management indicators and to develop efficient and accessible chronic disease prevention and management programs.
Changes in food and nutrient intakes in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the 2011-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Oh Kyungwon , Park Suyeon , Park Sihyun , Yun Sungha , Choi Hongseok , Jeong Eun Kyeong
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES: This study was to examine the changes in dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes between before (2019) and during (2020) the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).METHODS: A total of 54,995 participants aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2011-2020 KNHANES were included. The 10-year trend (2011-2020) and differences between 2019 and 2020 for dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes were estimated using SAS.RESULTS: In the past 10 years (2011-2020), the dietary habits (increase in skipping meals and eating out), food intake (increase in meats and decrease in fruits and vegetables), and nutrient intake (increase in fat and decrease in sodium) in adults have changed. When comparing between 2019 and 2020, there were 4.6%p decrease in the eating out more than once a day. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the intakes of food, energy and most of nutrients between 2019 and 2020, except for the proportion of energy intake from fat (1.0%p increase) and carbohydrate (1.0%p decrease).CONCLUSIONS: Although a change in dietary habits from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed, food and nutrient intakes have not deteriorated markedly and appear similar to the trends in the past 10 years. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to monitor the effects of changes in dietary habits on health as well as food and nutrient intakes.
Data resource profile: the Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) database
Authors: Lee Hye-Eun , Kim Yeon-gyeong , Jeong Jin-Young , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: March 2023

Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) is a model-based database containing annual data on health outcomes and determinants at the municipal level (si/gun/gu-level regions, including mid-sized cities, counties, and districts). K-CHSI’s health outcomes include overall mortality, disease incidence, prevalence rates, and self-reported health. Health determinants were measured in 5 domains: socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, social environment, physical environment, and the healthcare system. The data sources are 71 public databases, including Causes of Death Statistics, Cancer Registration Statistics, Community Health Survey, Population Census, and Census on Establishments and Statistics of Urban Plans. This dataset covers Korea’s 17 metropolitan cities and provinces, with data from approximately 250 municipal regions (si/gun/gu). The current version of the database (DB version 1.3) was built using 12 years of data from 2008 to 2019. All data included in K-CHSI may be downloaded via the Korea Community Health Survey site, with no login requirement (https://chs.kdca.go.kr/chs/recsRoom/dataBaseMain.do). K-CHSI covers extensive health outcomes and health determinants at the municipal level over a period of more than 10 years, which enables ecological and time-series analyses of the relationships among various health outcomes and related factors.
Changes in the treatment rate of patients newly diagnosed with stage IV cancer near the end of life from 2012 to 2017 in Korea
Authors: Kim Kyuwoong , Jho Hyun Jung , Park So Jung , Park Bohyun , Choi Jin Young
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the cancer treatment rate among patients newly diagnosed with stage IV cancer using socio-demographic and clinical subgroups in a nationwide cohort of Korean patients.METHODS: This retrospective, national-level study used the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR), which is linked to the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database, from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The records of patients newly diagnosed with stage IV of the 5 cancers with the highest cancer-related mortality rate were identified to analyze changes in the treatment rate. The main outcome examined in this study was the change in the cancer treatment rate between 2012 and 2017, as measured using the annual percent change (APC).RESULTS: A total of 106,082 patients with newly diagnosed gastric, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, and lung cancers at the end of life (EoL) were identified from the KCCR-NHIS database. Of these patients, 76,533 (72.1%) received cancer treatment. Over the study period (2012-2017), the proportion of patients who received cancer treatment at EoL decreased by 8.3%, with an APC of -2.1% (95% confidence interval, -2.6 to -1.6). This declining trend of cancer treatment among patients with advanced cancer stage at EoL was consistent among socio-demographic and clinical subgroups.CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of untreated patients with stage IV cancer is increasing in the Korea. For patients who are not undergoing standard cancer treatment near EoL, an alternative care plan, such as early palliative care, should be considered.
Changes in mental health service utilization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide database analysis in Korea
Authors: Kim Kyoung Hoon , Lee Sang Min , Hong Minha , Han Kyu-Man , Paik Jong-Woo
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health service utilization through a comparative analysis of nationwide data regarding inpatient care users, outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and admissions via the ED before and during the pandemic.METHODS: Data from approximately 350,000 Koreans diagnosed with mental illness were analyzed in terms of hospitalization, outpatient visits, and ED visits between January 2018 and June 2021. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted to determine the significance of changes in mental health service utilization indicators.RESULTS: The number of hospital admissions per patient decreased by 1.2% at the start of the pandemic and 0.7% afterward. The length of hospital stay increased by 1.8% at the outbreak of the pandemic, and then decreased by 20.2%. Although the number of outpatients increased, the number of outpatient visits per patient decreased; the number of outpatient visits for schizophrenia (3.4%) and bipolar disorder (3.5%) significantly decreased immediately post-outbreak. The number of ED visits per patient decreased both immediately post-outbreak and afterward, and ED visits for schizophrenia (19.2%), bipolar disorder (22.3%), and depression (17.4%) decreased significantly immediately post-outbreak. Admissions via the ED did not show a significant change immediately post-outbreak.CONCLUSIONS: Mental health service utilization increased during the pandemic, but medical service use decreased overall, with a particularly significant decrease in ED utilization. As the pandemic worsened, the decline in outpatient visits became more pronounced among those with severe mental illness.
Trends and all-cause mortality associated with multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases among adults in the United States, 1999-2018: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Mengzi , Wang Ling , Wang Xuhan , Tong Li , Jin Lina , Li Bo
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES: Multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has brought enormous challenges to public health, becoming a major medical burden. However, the patterns, temporal trends, and all-cause mortality associated with NCD multimorbidity over time have not been well described in the United States.METHODS: All adult participants were sourced from nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In total, 55,081 participants were included in trend analysis, and 38,977 participants were included in Cox regression.RESULTS: The 5 NCDs with the largest increases over the study period were diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, liver conditions, and cancer. The estimated prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, especially for middle-aged participants with 5 or more NCDs; in general, the prevalence of NCD multimorbidity was higher among females than males. Participants with 5 or more NCDs were at 4.49 times the risk of all-cause mortality of participants without any diseases. Significant interactions were found between multimorbidity and age group (p for interaction <0.001), race/ethnicity (p for interaction<0.001), and educational attainment (p for interaction=0.010).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of multiple NCDs significantly increased from 1999 to 2018. Those with 5 or more NCDs had the highest risk of all-cause mortality, especially among the young population. The data reported by this study could serve as a reference for additional NCD research.