bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vivo and In Vitro Studies of Cigarette Smoke Effects on Innate Responses to Influenza Virus: A Matter of Models?
Authors: Wu Wenxin , Alexander Jeremy S. , Metcalf Jordan P.
Published: August 2022

Cigarette smoke (CS) is a significant public health problem and a leading risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the developed world. Respiratory viral infections, such as the influenza A virus (IAV), are associated with acute exacerbations of COPD and are more severe in cigarette smokers. To fight against viral infection, the host has developed an innate immune system, which has complicated mechanisms regulating the expression and activation of cytokines and chemokines to maximize the innate and adaptive antiviral response, as well as limiting the immunopathology that leads to exaggerated lung damage. In the case of IAV, responders include airway and alveolar epithelia, lung macrophages and dendritic cells. To achieve a successful infection, IAV must overcome these defenses. In this review, we summarize the detrimental role of CS in influenza infections. This includes both immunosuppressive and proinflammatory effects on innate immune responses during IAV infection. Some of the results, with respect to CS effects in mouse models, appear to have discordant results, which could be at least partially addressed by standardization of animal viral infection models to evaluate the effect of CS exposure in this context.
Human Rhinoviruses in Pediatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Germany: Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Significance
Authors: Neugebauer Franziska , Bergs Sandra , Liebert Uwe Gerd , Hönemann Mario
Published: August 2022

Rhinoviruses (RVs) constitute a substantial public health burden. To evaluate their abundance and genetic diversity in pediatric patients, RV RNA in respiratory samples was assessed using real-time RT-PCR and partial nucleic acid sequencing of viral genomes. Additionally, clinical data were retrieved from patient charts to determine the clinical significance of pediatric RV infections. In total, the respiratory specimens of 776 patients (<18 years), collected from 2013 to 2017, were analyzed. Infections occurred throughout the entire year, with peaks occurring in fall and winter, and showed remarkably high intra- and interseasonal diversity for RV genotypes. RV species were detected in the following frequencies: 49.1% RV-A, 5.9% RV-B, and 43.6% RV-C. RV-C was found to be more frequently associated with asthma (p = 0.04) and bronchiolitis (p < 0.001), while RV-A was more frequently associated with fever (p = 0.001) and pneumonia (p = 0.002). Additionally, 35.3% of the patients had co-infections with other pathogens, which were associated with a longer hospital stay (p < 0.001), need for ventilation (p < 0.001), and pneumonia (p < 0.001). Taken together, this study shows pronounced RV genetic diversity in pediatric patients and indicates differences in RV-associated pathologies, as well as an important role for co-infections.
Transcriptomic Analyses of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Infection in Leaves and Berries of ‘Cabernet Franc’
Authors: Song Yashu , Hanner Robert H. , Meng Baozhong
Published: August 2022

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses affecting global grape and wine production. GLRaV-3 is the chief agent associated with grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD), the most prevalent and economically destructive grapevine viral disease complex. Response of grapevine to GLRaV-3 infection at the gene expression level is poorly characterized, limiting the understanding of GLRaV-3 pathogenesis and viral-associated symptom development. In this research, we used RNA-Seq to profile the changes in global gene expression of Cabernet franc, a premium red wine grape, analyzing leaf and berry tissues at three key different developmental stages. We have identified 1457 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and 1181 DEGs in berries. The expression profiles of a subset of DEGs were validated through RT-qPCR, including those involved in photosynthesis (VvPSBP1), carbohydrate partitioning (VvSUT2, VvHT5, VvGBSS1, and VvSUS), flavonoid biosynthesis (VvUFGT, VvLAR1, and VvFLS), defense response (VvPR-10.3, and VvPR-10.7), and mitochondrial activities (ETFB, TIM13, and NDUFA1). GLRaV-3 infection altered source–sink relationship between leaves and berries. Photosynthesis and photosynthate assimilation were inhibited in mature leaves while increased in young berries. The expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis increased in GLRaV-3-infected leaves, correlating with interveinal tissue reddening, a hallmark of GLRD symptoms. Notably, we identified changes in gene expression that suggest a compromised sugar export and increased sugar retrieval in GLRaV-3-infected leaves. Genes associated with mitochondria were down-regulated in both leaves and berries of Cabernet franc infected with GLRaV-3. Results of the present study suggest that GLRaV-3 infection may disrupt mitochondrial function in grapevine leaves, leading to repressed sugar export and accumulation of sugar in mature leaf tissues. The excessive sugar accumulation in GLRaV-3-infected leaves may trigger downstream GLRD symptom development and negatively impact berry quality. We propose a working model to account for the molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of GLRaV-3 and symptom development.
Juvenile Wels Catfish (Silurus glanis) Display Age-Related Mortality to European Catfish Virus (ECV) under Experimental Conditions
Authors: Abonyi Flóra , Varga Ádám , Sellyei Boglárka , Eszterbauer Edit , Doszpoly Andor
Published: August 2022

We have limited knowledge about the course of the European catfish virus (ECV) infection in different age groups of wels catfish (Silurus glanis). The results of this study demonstrate that an ECV strain isolated from the brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in Hungary could cause devastating losses among juvenile wels catfish. Furthermore, the age-related mortality rate following ECV infection was investigated in three virus challenge experiments at two different virus dosages. Eight-week-old (ca. 3 g), ten-week-old (ca. 8 g), and sixteen-week-old (ca. 55 g) catfish were infected with ECV at 21°C. In the youngest age group, 96% (at a 106 TCID50/mL dosage) and 100% (at 105 TCID50/mL) mortality rates were observed, while these rates were reduced to 56% and 68% in the ten-week-old groups, respectively. The mortality was significantly higher in the virus-exposed groups than in the control ones. In the sixteen-week-old group, 23% mortality was detected at a 105 TCID50/mL concentration of ECV. Here, a significant difference was not found between the exposed and control groups. The performed experiments show that different age groups of wels catfish may have various susceptibility to ECV. These findings draw attention to the importance of the prevention of/protection against virus infections in juvenile (up to 3-month-old) wels catfish in aquaculture.
Pharmacist and Pharmacy Technician Attitudes and Experiences with Technician-Administered Immunizations
Authors: DiMario Alexis , McCall Kenneth Lee , Couture Sara , Boynton Wendy
Published: August 2022

In response to the increased demand for healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act amendments and guidance authorized pharmacy technicians, who are not otherwise authorized in their state, to administer the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-recommended immunizations and COVID-19 vaccines under pharmacist order. Subsequently, many pharmacies nationwide have expanded technician duties to include immunization administration. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the attitudes and experiences associated with technician-administered immunizations among community pharmacists and technicians. The cross-sectional study evaluated the primary endpoint through the completion of anonymous surveys containing peer-reviewed questionnaires. Pharmacy technicians and their supervising pharmacists were selected to complete the survey at a grocery chain’s pharmacies located in five states across the Northeast if they completed the immunization program and administered at least one immunization. Surveys were drafted using Microsoft Forms and results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Chi-squared tests were utilized for comparing categorical variables between groups. A total of 268 survey responses were obtained; 171 responses came from pharmacists and 97 responses came from immunization-certified technicians. Most pharmacists and pharmacy technicians responded that technicians could safely administer vaccines (87.1% and 96.9%, respectively) and competently process and bill vaccine services (90.6% and 99.0%, respectively). In addition, both participant populations responded that technician-administered vaccines improved the workflow of vaccine services (76.6% and 82.5%, respectively) without increasing the likelihood of vaccine errors (56.1% and 78.3%, respectively). When compared with technicians, fewer pharmacists were confident in a technician’s ability to competently prepare vaccines (63.7% vs. 91.8%; p < 0.001). A statistically significant association was observed between responses regarding an efficient process for immunizing patients and the likelihood of technician vaccination errors (χ2 = 14.36; p < 0.01). Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians responded that technicians competently administer immunizations and should participate in more patient-care duties. Multiple states are enacting legislation to include technician vaccine administration as a permanent component of their scope of practice.
Young Age, Female Sex, and No Comorbidities Are Risk Factors for Adverse Reactions after the Third Dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Urakawa Ryuta , Isomura Emiko Tanaka , Matsunaga Kazuhide , Kubota Kazumi
Published: August 2022

Background: This study compared the adverse events (AEs) of the second and third doses of BNT162b2, as well as investigated the impact of vaccine recipients’ background and vaccination interval on the AEs of the third dose. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of AEs among health care workers at Osaka University Dental Hospital. Chi-square tests were performed to compare AEs to the administration of second and third vaccine doses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing the presence of AEs using age, sex, comorbidities, and the vaccination interval. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate the correlation between age, vaccination interval, and severity of each AE. Results: The third dose of BNT162b2 was associated with significantly more frequent or milder AEs than the second dose. Logistic regression analyses detected significant differences in six items of AEs by age, three by sex, two by comorbidities, and zero by vaccination interval. Consistently, the risk of AEs was greater among younger persons, females, and those without comorbidities. Significant negative correlations were detected between age and vaccination interval, and between age and the severity of most AEs. Conclusions: Young, female, and having no comorbidities are risk factors for AEs after the third dose of BNT162b2, while vaccination interval is not.
Surgical Treatment of a Retropharyngeal Abscess in a Japanese Black Cow
Authors: Okada Shoichi , Sueun Kim , Ichikado Ryosuke , Kuroda Kohei , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Nakama Yoshiki , Satoh Hiroyuki , Sato Reiichiro
Published: August 2022

A 17-month-old Japanese Black cow presented with inappetence, wheezing, dysphagia, and drooling. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed an oval, dorsal, pharyngeal mass, with an internal horizontal line demarcating the radiolucent area from the radio-opaque area. Upper airway endoscopy revealed pus-like deposits in the dorsal nasal passage, hyperemia, and edema in the dorsal pharynx, leading to swelling and airway obstruction. Manual palpation, after sedation, revealed a thickened mass surface, which was difficult to rupture with manual pressure. After inserting a linear sonographic probe through the mouth to establish the vascularity surrounding the mass and to identify a relatively thin-walled area, a trocar was pierced into the mass under endoscopic guidance, and the opening was enlarged manually. The mass was filled with stale pus-like material, which was removed manually. The abscess cavity was washed using saline and povidone–iodine. Day 1 post-surgery, dysphagia and wheezing disappeared. Day 16 post-surgery, endoscopy showed significant improvement in the airway patency. One year postoperatively, the owner reported that the cow had an uneventful recovery. For deep abscesses, such as bovine pharyngeal abscesses, it is important to perform a preoperative transoral Doppler ultrasonography to assess the vascularity and thickness of the abscess wall for safe trocar insertion and abscess drainage.
Analysis of 1840 Equine Intraocular Fluid Samples for the Presence of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies and Leptospiral DNA and the Correlation to Ophthalmologic Findings in Terms of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Geiger Tobias , Gerhards Hartmut , Bjelica Bogdan , Mackenthun Elke , Wollanke Bettina
Published: August 2022

In the equine clinic of the LMU in Munich, therapeutic vitrectomies have been routinely performed in horses for three decades. The vitreous samples obtained during vitrectomies were usually tested for anti-Leptospira antibodies and for more than 20 years also by PCR for leptospiral DNA. If the indication for surgery was ophthalmologically inconclusive, an aqueous humor was collected preoperatively and examined for evidence of leptospiral infection. In this study, medical records from 2002 to 2017 were analyzed. Records for 1387 eyes affected by equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) and 237 eyes affected by another type of uveitis met the inclusion criteria. A total of 216 samples from healthy eyes were used as controls. In 83% of intraocular samples from ERU eyes, antibody titers of 1:100 or higher were detectable by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Similarly, 83% of intraocular samples had anti-Leptospira antibodies detected by ELISA. In 72% of the intraocular specimens, leptospiral DNA was detectable by PCR. No antibodies were detectable in the samples from eyes with another type of uveitis or in the samples from healthy eyes. A PCR was positive in only one sample from a healthy eye. These results with a very high number of intraocular specimens demonstrate the great importance of an intraocular leptospiral infection for ERU. It can be concluded that for a reliable diagnosis of intraocular leptospiral infection or to reliably exclude an infection multiple tests should be applied.
Deciphering the Composition of Fulvic Acids from Recirculating Aquaculture Systems by Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Aguilar-Alarcón Patricia , Gonzalez Susana V. , Asimakopoulos Alexandros G. , Mikkelsen Øyvind
Published: August 2022

The constant reuse of waters in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) together with the continuous addition of organic matter from fish degradation components, faeces and non-consumed feed promote the accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM), particularly of fulvic acids (FA), leading to the yellow discoloration of their waters. The accumulation of these acids in RAS can have potential effects on its water quality, and consequently fish health and welfare. Thus, the characterization of FA is paramount for improving water quality, and subsequently fish productivity in RAS. In this study, a non-targeted analysis by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) was used to characterize the recirculating aquaculture systems fulvic acids (RASFA) and then compare their molecular fingerprints with actual reference standards of fulvic acids (FA) (Suwannee River; SRFA, Elliott soil; ESFA and Pahokee Peat; PPFA) purchased from the International Humic Substance Society (IHSS). The results of this study demonstrated the applicability of QTOF-MS as a rapid and comprehensive screening technique to characterize the FA fraction of DOM from RAS and to monitor differences in their molecular fingerprints when compared with other FA samples (SRFA, ESFA and PPFA). The QTOF-MS data from SRFA and ESFA standards matched the list of formulas obtained by 17 high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) instruments with 90 and 76% accuracy, respectively, which guaranteed the power of QTOF-MS without the need for further coupling to liquid chromatography (LC). RASFA was found to be rich in low- and high-oxygen unsaturated classes of compounds (lowOC: 61.73% and highOC: 19.28%) and was similar in composition to SRFA. On the contrary, the ESFA and PPFA soil standards consisted mainly of aliphatic compounds (36.77 and 55.74%, respectively) and differed significantly in composition from the RASFA and SRFA water samples. RASFA matched with 66% of the elemental compositions obtained from the DOM of makeup waters analyzed in a previous experiment, indicating freshwater and seawater origins with a high fraction of terrestrial-derived organic matter (Tanimoto score: 0.53 between RASFA and SRFA). The unique information obtained from the molecular-level analysis of FA samples by QTOF-MS highlights the importance of this technique to characterize and compare FA from different origins rendering it possible to track the FA compositional changes along the water treatment processes of RAS. To our knowledge, this is the first study that characterizes the molecular fingerprints of the RASFA by QTOF-MS and compares them with the available FA reference standards from IHSS.
The Impact of Treated Urban Wastewaters and Flood Discharge on the Quality of Bathing Water
Authors: Susmel Sabina , Baldrighi Elisa , Krzelj Maja , Bilic Josipa , Marini Mauro , Annibaldi Anna , Scognamiglio Viviana , Celussi Mauro
Published: August 2022

What do we know about the Adriatic Sea and the state of its health [...]
Spatiotemporal Changes in the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services in China’s Huai River Basin and Their Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhuang Zhicheng , Li Cheng , Hsu Wei-Ling , Gu Sihao , Hou Xinshan , Zhang Chunmei
Published: August 2022

An imbalance between the supply and demand of ecosystem services can cause ecological problems. By determining the spatiotemporal changes in the supply and demand and the factors underlying these changes, the ecosystem service supply in river basins can be increased to match the demand; this information has great significance for the sustainable development of the basin. By focusing on the cities in China’s Huai River Basin, the data on ecosystem service supply and demand from 2010 to 2020 were measured using supply–demand matrices, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the supply–demand balance were analyzed using the supply–demand index and Moran’s I statistics. Next, geographical detectors and multiscale geographically weighted regression models were used to examine the factors influencing the spatiotemporal changes in ecosystem service supply and demand and their spatial effects. The results indicated the following: (1) From 2010 to 2020, ecosystem service supply in the Huai River Basin decreased by 2.51 × 108, whereas the ecosystem service demand increased by 4.43 × 108; in general, the demand exceeded the supply, and 69.74% cities were in a state of deficit. (2) The Moran’s I index of the ecosystem service supply and demand was greater than 0.4, which means that there was a strong spatial clustering, and the characteristics of high–high clusters gradually weakened and those of low–low clusters enhanced in the northern and eastern cities. (3) The q values of the ecological-use land area, construction-use land area, rain, and temperature were greater than 0.3, indicating a significant effect on the supply and demand. These findings can provide a targeted reference and basis for the ecological management of the Huai River Basin.
Research on Evolutionary Game Analysis of Spatial Cooperation for Social Governance of Basin Water Pollution
Authors: Bai Minghao , Chen Meilin , Zhang Liyuan , Duan Yeqing , Zhou Shenbei
Published: August 2022

Given that the two institutional arrangements of government regulation and market allocation cannot effectively solve the conflict between individual and collective interests in the process of water pollution control, this work presents a useful attempt on the third institutional arrangement of environmental governance—social governance—to overcome the dilemma. Based on common pool resource theory and multi-person prisoner game analysis framework, it incorporates environmental damage function, spatial network structure, and strategy update based on a learning mechanism into the analysis framework. In addition, it constructs a set of spatial cooperative evolution game models of basin water pollution social governance, so as to test the guarantee effect of the spontaneous collective action conditions of basin polluters on the long-term survival of the new system. This work adopts the Monte Carlo numerical simulation method to conduct the simulation experiment research. The experimental results show it is possible to successfully form collective actions entirely dependent on emitters, which yet requires a large initial scale of cooperation, that is, a majority of the emitter group autonomously abides by credible commitments. In this process, transparent full information and active organizational mobilization have a positive effect on the collective action development. The organic combination can better guide emitters to abide by credible commitments to achieve the optimal collective interests. The study results can provide a theoretical and practical reference for the social governance mechanism at a large-scale basin.
Spatiotemporal Evaluation and Estimation of Precipitation of Multi-Source Precipitation Products in Arid Areas of Northwest China—A Case Study of Tianshan Mountains
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , He Xinlin , Li Xiaolong , Du Yongjun , Yang Guang , Li Dongbo , Xu Wenhe
Published: August 2022

In the arid areas of Northwest China, especially in the Tianshan Mountains, the scarcity of meteorological stations has brought some challenges in collecting accurate information to describe the spatial distribution of precipitation. In this study, the applicability of TRMM3B42, GPM IMERG, and MSWEP V2.2 in different regions of Tianshan Mountain is comprehensively evaluated by using ten statistical indicators, three classification indicators, and variation coefficients at different time–space scales, and the mechanism of accuracy difference of precipitation products is discussed. The results show that: (1) On the annual and monthly scales, the correlation between GPM and measured precipitation is the highest, and the ability of three precipitation products to capture precipitation in the wet season is stronger than that in the dry season; (2) On the daily scale, TRMM has the highest ability to estimate the frequency of light rain events, and MSWEP has the highest ability to monitor extreme precipitation events; (3) On the spatial scale, GPM has the highest fitting degree with the spatial distribution of precipitation in Tianshan Mountains, MSWEP is the closest to the precipitation differentiation pattern in Tianshan Mountains; (4) The three satellite products generally perform best in low and middle longitude regions and middle elevation regions. This study provides a reference for the selection of grid precipitation datasets for hydrometeorological simulation in northwest arid areas and also provides a basis for multi-source data assimilation and fusion.
Degradation of Methylene Blue in the Photo-Fenton-Like Process with WO3-Loaded Porous Carbon Nitride Nanosheet Catalyst
Authors: Gao Weifan , Zhang Guichang , Zhang Xiaoping , Zhou Shaoqi , Wang Zihao
Published: August 2022

The catalytic capability of original carbon nitride (CN) is limited by a small specific surface area and high electron–hole recombination rate. In this study, WO3-loaded porous carbon nanosheets (MCA-CN/WO3) were synthesized by thermal treatment with melamine, cyanuric acid and WCl6. The MCA-CN/WO3 could degrade 98% of the methylene blue (MB) within 30 min in the photo-Fenton-like process, displaying better catalytic activity than the original CN (30%), pure MCA-CN (63%) and original CN/WO3 (87%). The results of photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the Z-scheme heterojunction of MCA-CN/WO3 inhibited the recombination of electrons and holes. In addition, the porous nanosheet structure accelerated the electron transfer and provided abundant active sites for MB degradation. A radical quenching experiment indicated that the Z-scheme heterojunction facilitated the decomposition of H2O2 to produce 1O2 for MB degradation. The possible degradation pathways of MB were proposed.
Abattoir Wastewater Treatment in Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Sugar Press Mud in Batch Reactor for Improved Biogas Yield
Authors: Anyango Beatrice N. , Wandera Simon M. , Raude James M.
Published: August 2022

Slaughterhouse wastewater (SHWW) has a great potential to generate biomethane energy when subjected to anaerobic digestion (AD). Nonetheless, the process is susceptible and prone to failure because of slow hydrolysis and the production of inhibitory compounds. Accordingly, to address this deficiency, anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) is used to improve the treatment efficiency of the monodigestion of this high-strength waste and thereby increase methane production. The current investigation utilized the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test to assess the treatment performance of co-digested SHWW with sugar press mud (SPM) for improving biomethane energy recovery. It was established that the ACoD of SHWW with SPM increased methane (CH4) yield, enhanced organic matter removal efficiency and improved process stability, while also presenting synergistic effects. The anaerobic monodigestion (AMoD) of SHWW (100SHWW: 0SPM) showed a higher CH4 yield (348.40 CH4/g VS) compared with SPM (198.2 mL CH4/g VS). The 80% SPM: 20% SHWW mix ratio showed the optimum results with regard to organic matter removal efficiency (67%) and CH4 yield (478.40 mL CH4/g VS), with increments of 27% and 59% compared with AMoD of SHWW and SPM, respectively. However, it is also possible to achieve 5% and 46% CH4 yield increases under a 40% SPM: 60% SHWW mix proportion in comparison to the AMoD of SHWW and SPM, respectively. Furthermore, kinetic analysis of the study using a modified Gompertz model revealed that the CH4 production rate increased while the lag time decreased. The synergistic effects observed in this study demonstrate that incorporating SPM into the substrate ratios investigated can improve the AD of the SHWW. In fact, this represents the environmental and economic benefits of successfully implementing this alternative solution. Bioenergy recovery could also be used to supplement the country’s energy supply. This would help to increase the use of cleaner energy sources in electricity generation and heating applications, reducing the greenhouse gas effect.
Hydrogeochemistry of Shallow Groundwater and Suitability to Irrigation: The Case of the Karfiguéla Paddy Field in Burkina Faso
Authors: Serge Gaëtan Sauret Élie , Marie Michelle Compaoré Hillary , Ouindinboudé Jacques Kissou , Poulouma Louis Yaméogo , Idriss Sermé
Published: August 2022

Shallow groundwater is often exposed to multiple sources of pollution that can make it unsuitable for certain uses. Complete hydrogeochemical studies are necessary for the better management of these resources. Well water samples were collected on the extent of Karfiguéla paddy field for physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, EC, TDS, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, SO42−, CO32−, Cl−, and HCO3−, and metallic trace elements analyses as a case study. Due to the alluvial nature of aquifer deposits and the short residence time of groundwater, physical parameters and ion concentrations are low and within the recommended guideline values for irrigation water of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. However, Cd presents concentrations above 10 µg/L, the limit recommended by the FAO, while NO3− presents a slight to moderate risk. Piper and Stiff diagrams showed two types of water, Ca·Mg·HCO3 and Ca·Mg·SO4·Cl. Saturation indices revealed the under mineralization of natural minerals. Gibbs and bivariate diagrams, correlations and factorial analyses indicated that groundwater mineralization is mainly controlled by anthropogenic agricultural activities (60.05%), calcite and magnesite alteration (15.01%) and CO2 dissolution process (9.05%). Irrigation water suitability parameters, such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (%Na), potential salinity (PS), the Kelly ratio (KR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and irrigation coefficient (Ka), confirmed that the shallow groundwater is 100% good for irrigation, while NO3− and permeability index (PI) indicated that it is permissible. However, according to magnesium hazard (MH), the groundwater is 100% unsuitable for irrigation and could lead to soil alkalinity.
Effects of the Gully Land Consolidation Project on Runoff and Peak Flow Rate on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wu Ge , Fu Suhua , Zhou Guiyun , Liu Chenguang
Published: August 2022

The Gully Land Consolidation (GLC) project, aiming to create land for agriculture on the Loess Plateau, heavily interfered with the underlying surface and thus affected the hydrological process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the GLC on the surface runoff and peak flow rates of watershed on the Loess Plateau under different rainfall events and hydrological years. A GIS-based Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model was used. The results showed that GLC reduced the mean event surface runoff by 6.2–24.7%, and the reducing efficiency was the highest under light rain events. GLC also decreased annual surface runoff, and the reducing efficiency was 12.04% (normal year) > 7.63% (wet year) > 4.45% (dry year). In addition, GLC decreased the peak flow rate of the watershed by 8.1–30.2% and prolonged the time to peak flow rate. The efficiency of GLC in reducing the peak flow rate was higher under light rain events than that under extraordinary storm events. The reason for the decrease in runoff and peak flow rate after GLC was that the GLC decreased the slope gradient and hydrological connectivity of the watershed. The results will provide guidance for the application of GLC on the Loess Plateau and watershed management for similar regions.
Financer le système de santé animale : quel compromis entre efficience économique et résilience aux crises sanitaires ? Réflexions extraites d’un groupe de discussion d’experts vétérinaires
Authors: Lhermie Guillaume
Published: August 2022

Malgré une production agricole soutenue et un marché de la santé animale en progression, le support en termes de management de santé animale s’étiole, ceci est notamment dû au manque de disponibilité de vétérinaires en capacité d’exercer soins et surveillance sanitaire sur le territoire français. Un groupe de discussion a réfléchi fin 2021 sur trois thèmes : la rémunération des nouvelles missions de conseil ; l’intérêt des réseaux de compétences pour renforcer le maillage vétérinaire et la définition des futurs systèmes de collaboration (instruments, modalités d’application) entre vétérinaires, éleveurs, et l’État. Un des défis pour les vétérinaires indépendants est de proposer un partenariat gagnant-gagnant aux éleveurs et de convaincre de la valeur de non usage du vétérinaire, assurant des services dépassant largement le cadre de la médecine vétérinaire curative. La contractualisation apparait comme une réponse crédible à ces enjeux, mais ses modalités d’application (légales et financières) restent à définir.
L’avenir du médicament vétérinaire en France vu de la distribution
Authors: Thébaud Emmannuel
Published: August 2022

Les entreprises françaises de distribution du médicament vétérinaire font charnière entre les industriels producteurs et les vétérinaires. Elles contribuent directement à la disponibilité des médicaments pour les vétérinaires et les propriétaires d’animaux et offrent une position pertinente pour porter un regard périphérique sur les enjeux du marché. Il est alors possible de recenser les principaux facteurs susceptibles d’influencer, à plus ou moins court terme, la disponibilité du médicament vétérinaire en France. À la veille de l’entrée en application, en janvier 2022, d’un nouveau règlement européen sur les médicaments vétérinaires, les regards se focalisent avec raison sur les perspectives d’ouverture du marché et sur les restructurations qui s’opèrent dans la filière : regroupements de laboratoires, centrales de référencement, chaînes et réseaux de vétérinaires franchisés, etc. Il convient cependant de ne pas négliger, les nombreuses transformations sociales, technologiques et environnementales auxquelles «l’écosystème vétérinaire » est également exposé.
Enquête sur la perception de la gestion sanitaire chez les apiculteurs en France
Authors: Rabasse François , Roy Christophe
Published: August 2022

The situation of honeybees and other pollinators is worrying. Over the last thirty years, there has been a constant increase in the number of deaths in beehives, and few simple solutions have been found. Scientific studies provide robust data on the causes of these mortalities and the sometimes complex interrelationships between the different factors responsible for these collapses. However, most of the work carried out is in the field of life sciences, as the human and social sciences have not yet invested much in this subject. Thus, there is no data on the perception of sanitary management by beekeepers, which is essential to imagine and build efficient support systems, beekeepers being essential actors of change. Our study is based on an online survey of beekeepers in France and neighboring French-speaking countries. Beyond our findings, the results obtained allow us to identify several levers for action.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TERPENOIDS FROM PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM GAUDICHAUDIANUM (DC) ANDERB, WIRA-WIRA BY GC/MS, ACTIVE PRINCIPLES WITH POSSIBLE USE IN COVID-19 INFECTION PREVENTION
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales FCPN, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia, Castañeta Grover , Huayhua-Llusco Aleyda ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales FCPN, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia, Tarqui Santiago ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales FCPN, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia, Gutiérrez Abel F. ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas IIQ, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales FCPN, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
Published: August 2022

Pseudognaphalium gaudichaudianum (DC.) Anderb., (Asteraceae) es una pequeña planta herbácea que crece en las alturas y en lugares montañosos, conocida con el nombre vernacular de “Wira Wira”. Tiene buena reputación en la medicina tradicional de las comunidades aimaras de las tierras altas de Bolivia para tratar enfermedades respiratorias como tos, resfriado común, bronquitis y neumonía. Por sus propiedades expectorantes, P. gaudichaudianum se ha propuesto como fitofármaco para prevenir la infección por COVID-19, en infusiones y vaporización. En este estudio, los terpenoides de su aceite esencial se caracterizaron por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). El análisis mostró la presencia de 1 monoterpenoide, 11 sesquiterpenoides, 2 diterpenoides y 4 compuestos menores no identificados. Los principales compuestos identificados fueron β-Eudesmene (16,35%), Rosifoliol (15,29%), Guaia 1(10), 11-dieno (15,20%), Guaia 6,9 dieno (14,46%), α-Pineno (11,32%). y α-Guaieno (6,16%).
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN KEMELIMPAHAN SERANGGA TANAH DI CAGAR ALAM PANUA GORONTALO
Authors: Bakari Adrian , Utina Ramli , Ibrahim Mustamin
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskrpsikan keanekaragaman jenis dan Kemelimpahan serangga tanah di Cagar Alam Panua Gorontalo. Objek penelitian ini adalah serangga tanah yang terdapat di kawasan cagar alam panua gorontalo. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Pitfall trap. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif yakni untuk menghitung nilai keanekaragaman (Hl = -∑  (Pi lon Pi) dan kemelimpahan serangga (KRi = ∑  Ni/N x 100 %). Hasil penelitian pada hutan cagar alam  menunjukan Indeks Keanekaragaman (Hl= 2,0567), lahan perkebunan menunjukan Indeks Keanekaragaman (Ĥ= 0,8921). Nilai Indeks Kemelimpahan serangga di hutan cagar alam terdapat 9 spesies dengan memiliki persentase keahadiran, Cordiocondila sp. 10,18 %, Camponotus sp. 5,30 %,  Paratrechina longicornis. 11,71 %, Anolepsis sp. 20,37 %, Diacama sp. 5,09 %, Captotermes cuvignatus 9,16 %, Biatella germanica 4,07 %, Pheidole sp. 12,73 %, dan Tetraponera allaborans 21,38 %. Indeks Kemelimpahan pada lahan perkebunan terdapat 3 spesies dengan memiliki persentase keahadiran, Cordiocondila sp. 21,43 %, Camponotus sp. 64,29 %, Tetraponera allaborans 14,29 %.
UJI VALIDITAS PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN BERORIENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI PADA MATERI STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI JARINGAN PADA TUMBUHAN UNTUK MELATIH KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Jusuf Winda Minarti , Latjompoh Masra , Ahmad Jusna
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan validitas  perangkat pembelajaran berorientasi model pembelajaran inkuiri berupa RPP, LKPD dan Tes Berpikir Kreatif berorientasi model pembelajaran inkuiri pada materi struktur dan fungsi jaringan pada tumbuhan di SMPN 1 Bolangitang Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan berdasarkan kevalidan RPP memenuhi kriteria sangat valid dengan nilai rata-rata dari validator berkisar antara 75 sampai dengan 100%, LKPD memenuhi kriteria sangat valid dari validator berkisar antara 82.5 sampai dengan 100% dan tes berpikir kreatif memenuhi kriteria sangat valid dengan nilai rata-rata berkisar antara 82.5 sampai dengan 100%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran berorientasi model pembelajaran inkuiri pada materi struktur dan fungsi jaringan pada tumbuhan memenuhi kriteria valid untuk melatih kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PICTURE AND PICTURE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI INTERAKSI MAHLUK HIDUP DENGAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Lamondo Arsjad
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada materi interaksi mahluk hidup dengan lingkunganya di kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Telaga Biru melalui  model  pembelajaran Picture and Picture pada mata pelajaran IPA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) meliputi tahapan  perencanaan (planning), tindakan (action), observasi (observation), dan refleksi (reflecting) dengan subjek sebanyak 24 orang yang dilaksanakan pada semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Hasil pengamatan kegiatan guru dalam pembelajaran dari 12 aspek yang diamati, 7 aspek (58,33%) mencapai nilai dengan kriteria sangat baik, 4 aspek (25%) mencapai nilai dengan kriteria baik, 1 aspek (4,17%) kriteria cukup dan kriteria kurang tidak ada. Secara keseluruhan bahwa skor yang dicapai guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran mencapai skor 42 atau dengan nilai 87,50% (kriteria sangat baik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 24 orang peserta didik yang menunjukkan kemampuan berpikir kritis sebanyak 4 orang (16,67%) kriteria sangat baik, 14 orang (58,33%) kriteria baik, 2 orang (8,33%) kriteria cukup, dan 4 orang (16,67%) kriteria kurang. Pada Siklus II hasil pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan oleh guru telah mencapai 95,83% (kriteria sangat baik). Dari 12 aspek yang diamati, 10 aspek (83,33%) kriteria sangat baik, 2 aspek (12,50%) kriteria baik, kriteria cukup dan kriteria kurang tidak ada. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus II jumlah peserta didik yang mampu berpikir kritis dengan baik sebanyak 21 orang (87,50%) dan 3 orang (12,50%) kriteria cukup. Hasil kegiatan pembelajaran pada siklus II mencapai nilai 95,83%. Peningkatan hasil pembelajaran ini telah berdampak pada meningkatnya kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik.
Improved Approach in the Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Cysts
Authors: Насретдинова М.Т. , Хайитов А.А.
Published: August 2022

Цель. Разработка предложений и рекомендаций, направленных на совершенствование хирургического лечения кист верхнечелюстного синуса.Материалы и методы. В основу научно-исследовательской работы вошло обследование 139 пациентов с кистозным поражением верхнечелюстных синусов. Все пациенты были подвержены хирургическому лечению. Исследование проводилось в различных группах: основной группе, группе сравнения и контрольной группе. Пациентам основной группы предложен усовершенствованный вариант гайморотомии через нижний носовой ход.Результаты. Оценка клинической эффективности основывалась на показателях состояния функционального слоя слизистой оболочки полости носа. Усовершенствованный способ хирургического лечения через нижний носовой ход обладает более высокой клинической эффективностью для санации максиллярного синуса с сохранением интактных структур остиомеатального комплекса, это позволило сократить время восстановления мукоцилиарного транспорта слизистой оболочки полости носа и всасывательной функции в раннем послеоперационном периоде.Заключение. Разница в качестве жизни между двумя группами составила 12 баллов, что говорит о более высоком качестве жизни пациентов основной группы после лечения по улучшенной технологии.

Purpose. To develop proposals and recommendations aimed at improving the surgical treatment of maxillary sinus cysts.Materials and methods. The research work was based on examination of 139 patients with cystic lesions of the maxillary sinuses. All patients underwent surgical treatment. The study was conducted in different groups: the main group, the comparison group and the control group. Patients of the main group were offered an improved version of maxillary sinusectomy through the lower nasal passage.Results. Evaluation of clinical efficacy was based on indicators of the state of the functional layer of the nasal mucosa. An improved method of surgical treatment through the lower nasal passage has a higher clinical efficiency for the sanitation of the maxillary sinus while maintaining intact structures of the ostiomeatal complex, which made it possible to reduce the recovery time of the mucociliary transport of the nasal mucosa and absorption function in the early postoperative period.Conclusion. The difference in the quality of life between the two groups was 12 points, which means a higher lifestyle of patients in the main group after treatment with improved technology.
Surgical Treatment for the Patient with Ectopic ACTH Syndrome Caused by Neuroendocrine Lung Tumor that Became Apparent 5 Years after Bilateral Adrenalectomy: Case Report
Authors: Пикунов М.Ю. , Савельева Т.В. , Белая Ж.Е. , Бурякина С.А. , Дегтярев М.В.
Published: August 2022

АКТГ-эктопический синдром – редкий паранеопластический синдром с заболеваемостью 1,4 нового случая на десять миллионов в год. АКТГ-секретирующие нейроэндокринные неоплазии обычно расположены в легких, тимусе, эндокринных железах или других органах. Информация по их клиническому проявлению и диагностике скудна, во многом из-за редкости данного явления. В нашей статье представлено клиническое наблюдение пациента с АКТГ-эктопическим синдромом, обусловленным нейроэндокринной опухолью S3 верхней доли правого легкого. Уникальным в данном случае является то, что новообразование было обнаружено лишь через пять лет после манифестации заболевания. До этого локализацию опухоли, секретирующей АКТГ, обнаружить не удавалось, несмотря на тщательное обследование по органам и системам. Как вариант лечения тогда была выполнена двухсторонняя адреналэктомия. В нашей работе мы разбираем методы диагностики и сроки выполнения контрольных исследований, а также обсуждаем варианты оптимального хирургического лечения.

ACTH-syndrome is extremely rare paraneoplastic syndrome with an incidence of 1.4 new cases per 10 million per year. ACTH-secreting neuroendocrine neoplasms are usually located in the lungs, thymus, endocrine pancreas and other organs. Information about their clinical presentation and diagnostic algorithm are scarce, mainly due to the relative rarity of the condition. In our case we present the patient with ectopic ACTH-syndrome caused by NEO in the S3 right higher lobe. Unique feature about our case is that the tumor was detected 5 years after manifestation of disease. Despite of thorough examination no ectopic source of ACTH-secretion was detected before and bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. In our study we discuss diagnostic methods, frequency of follow up examination and optimal surgical management.
PROPAGACIÓN DE ENFERMEDADES PELIGROSAS O CONTAGIOSAS, EL DELITO QUE HA VUELTO A TOMAR RELEVANCIA JURÍDICA DEBIDO A LA COVID-19
Authors: Manrique Herrera Eduardo
Published: August 2022

En el presente artículo el autor analiza el tipo penal de propagación de enfermedades peligrosas o contagiosas regulado en el Titulo XII. Delitos contra la Seguridad Pública, Capítulo III. Art. 289 del Código Penal, el cual durante la presente pandemia adquirió una importante relevancia jurídica, el artículo tiene como principal objetivo, dar a conocer como contemplan los países de Iberoamérica al delito de propagar enfermedades de carácter peligrosas o contagiosas. Se analiza y comenta en el presente documento, las legislaciones penales de varios países de Iberoamérica en relación del ilícito antes mencionado, todo esto en el contexto que actualmente se está viviendo en todo el mundo, debido a la pandemia que es producto de la enfermedad respiratoria COVID-19, o como se le conoce comúnmente como coronavirus o la gripe de Wuhan. Seguidamente, de manera minuciosa se evalúa la estructura del tipo penal que se encuentra tipificado en el ordenamiento jurídico penal peruano. Las conclusiones del presente artículo jurídico se basan en una reflexión generada a partir de la legislación comparada y análisis del tipo penal.