bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Assessment on the Incineration Process of Specified Wastes
Authors: Park Ik-Beom , Song Il-Seok , Lee Moon-Gu , Lim SongT. , Jung Jaesoo
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts from inputs and outputs for the incineration facilities of specified wastes. System boundary was from the inflow of wastes to the outflow of residues in the facilities, and the LCA software used was SimaPro 6.0 pro. The gate-to-gate inventory showed that the input amounts of electricity, diesel, water and chemicals were 1.92E-01kWh, 4.13E-03kg, 1.54E+00kg and 1.20E-03kg respectively and the output amounts of CO2, SOx, NOx, bottom ash, fly ash and steam were respectively 2.01E+00kg, 4.74E-03kg, 6.67E-04kg, 2.76E-01kg, 1.45E-02kg, and 1.40E+00MJ in the incineration of 1kg specified wastes. From the weighting results using the Korea LCA methodology of MOCIE, the incineration impact percentages of global warming, abiotic resource depletion and human toxicity showed 93.4%, 4.3% and 1.0% of the total respectively, and CO2 produced from the incineration process was confirmed as the main contribution substance of global warming, C facility with steam production had 86.4% of total environmental impacts based on the incineration impact compared with A & B facilities with non-steam production in the incineration of specified wastes. Therefore the active heat energy recovery from non-steam production facility is preferable to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the incineration because the discharge of CO2 is the inevitable characteristics of the incineration process.
Integrated VE/LCC approach base on LCA in Selection of Bridge type Alternatives
Authors: Park Kihak , Jung Jaesoo , Lim Song T. , Jang Wanbok , Park Sanghyouk
Published: April 2024

These are studies about integrated VE/ LCC that is based on LCA about Nielsen arch bridge, Truss bridge and Cable stayed bridge as bridge type alternatives. we assume that endurance period is 100years and standard interest rate is 3.89%. Also present worth is used for analysis of life cycle cost.
We studied about distinctive quantitative analysis that coincides with sustainable development through analysis of AHP & LCA as well as existing LCC/VE. Selecting the best alternative that is suitable for structural features will be helpful for purified structures to make environmentally and economically sustainable bridges.
Study of MFA application for Industrial Complex
Authors: Ahn Sangjueon , Lim Song-taek , Cho Nahyun , 정 윤화
Published: April 2024

The material flow analysis (MFA) methodology for industrial complex which used input-output table and field data of industrial complex was developed for the purpose of information utilization to quantify the material flow and to promote efficient resources management in industrial complex. Utilization value of the macro-analysis method that used input-output table application is easy when we plan environmental policy, and the more quality of statistical data is high, the more reliability of the results is high. Developed model was applied to Shiwa-Banwol industrial complex and resource intensity index and eco-efficiency index derived from industrial categories. The main resources consumption category of business was ascertained through the derived results, and analyzed the cause. The result was that category of business that eco-efficiency index was largest was given to the chemical categories of business, by the following index list index appeared high in order nonmetallic minerals, a general machine, wood-paper and transportation equipment. In case of electric electronic categories of business, DMO (Domestic Material Output) index was highest compare with other categories of business, and eco-efficiency index showd lowest.
Study of Environmental Assessment on Automotive Remanufacturing Parts
Authors: Hong Sungjoon , Cho Heewook , Hong Johnhee , Kwon Moonsik
Published: April 2024

The remanufacturing, which is re-producing technology using by end of life product as raw material with same quality of new born product, is one of the most efficient way to reduce usage of energy and resource, and it is also known as 'ideal solution for environmentally sound and sustainable development (ESSD)'. The domestic research of environmental assessment on the remanufacturing product, however, is not been performed widely.
On this study, LCA (life cycle assessment) and eco-efficiency was performed for remanufacturing automotive parts, starter and alternator, to compare environmental profile between new born and remanufacturing products.
Life Cycle Assessment of Larch Roundwood Production Forestry
Authors: Cha Junhee , Kang Kyungseok , YOUN Yeo-Chang
Published: April 2024

Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of Larch roundwood production forestry were analysed using life cycle assessment (LCA). Application of LCA for forestry operations and forest products is a developing field of study in Korea. Larch roundwood production system comprises seedling production, silvicultural operations, felling and logging (log extraction). From the results of life cycle inventory analysis, among various forestry operations, roundwood extraction (hauling and loading of felled roundwood) had about three quarters of the total energy use and GHG emissions. The life-cycle energy use and GHG emissions of roundwood production at forest were 6.921kgCO2e/m3 and 94.02MJ/m3, respectively. The total life-cycle energy use and GHG emissions including roundwood transportation from the forest to the sawmill(roundtrip distance of 150km) were 12.232kgCO2e/m3 and 168.76MJ/m3, respectively. To reduce energy use and GHG emissions in forestry, optimization of wood production and transportation system decreasing fossil fuel use is required.
A Study on Lifestyle of Green consumers
Authors: Choi Kyung Ha , Jung Soon Hee , Shin Min Kyung
Published: April 2024

Recent eco-friendly management systems and green marketing is switching their management paradigm from the creation of economic revenues in environmental pollution businesses to environmental management sharing environmental responsibilities, and an increasing number of companies are promoting eco friendly activities as a part of their green marketing and for this they have introduced environmental management and green marketing. In these changes and trends, an essential preceding work for successful green management is studying the characteristics of green consumers. However, most of previous studies on green consumers deal with a limited number of variables fragmentarily, so their results have a limitation in being generalized. Furthermore, many of them are about green marketing and there have been few studies on the general characteristics of green consumers. At this point, therefore, this study was conducted in order to measure Korean consumers' environmental consciousness and their consumption behavior associated with environmental consciousness and, through this, to examine the characteristics of green and non-green consumer groups and explain the characteristics in terms of eco-friendliness.
Study on Eco-design process in automobile development phase
Authors: Gwon Jae Soo , Lee Joon Ha , Hong Sung Joon , Cho Hee Wook , Hong Byoeng Kwon , Hong John Hee
Published: April 2024

Recently the environmental regulations require automobile makers not only to set up the open loop resource recycling system by promoting the material recycling and remanufacturing in disposal phase, but also to apply Eco-design to their products in design phase. Hyundai Motor Group applies DfD(Design for Disassembly) and DfR(Design for Recycling) from conceptual design stage to production stage with the aspect of concurrent engineering. Eco-design guideline helps engineering designers to understand the necessity of Eco-design. The recyclability check sheets that include detailed design ideas classified by the polymer parts enable each designer to verify the product design by oneself. Furthermore, virtual recyclability inspection is performed in the digital product inspection stage which handles the virtual 3D modeling of products. All these activities became the official procedure in product development process. The DOROSY(Design for Recycling Optimizing SYstem) which is developed to help designers evaluate and modify their 3D design to generate the redesign alternatives and finally analyze the effect of environmental design change within a short time. Because DOROSY is based in CATIA which is familiar to engineering designers using the parametric designed template, engineering designer can apply the Eco-friendly idea to product design efficiently.
Integrated management of spent zinc-carbon batteries and lithium ion batteries using innovative recycling technology
Authors: Sohn Jeong Soo
Published: April 2024

Annually above 1 billion unit cells (15,000 tons) of spent batteries have been generated as wastes in Korea. Spent Ni-Cd batteries have been recycled but the other spent batteries did not be treated yet. So recycling processes of spent lithium-ion battery and zinc carbon battery should be developed for environmental aspect as well as the effective utility of resources. In case of spent zinc-carbon and alkaline battery, magnetic material and zinc sheet from the battery were regained by physical treatment process. A series of mechanical processing is conducted in the following sequence to yield enriched Zn and Mn particles: crushing, magnetic separation, sieving and classification. The crushed particles including Zn and Mn were dissolved in sulfuric acid solution with hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent. After removing impurities such as Fe, Cu and Al, Zinc sulfate and Manganese sulfate were precipitated into compounds powders by low pressure vaporization process. These co-precipitated metal-compounds could be used for feedstuff. In case of spent Li-ion battery, physical treatment of waste LIBS is consist of discharge, dehydration, dry, and crushing step; crushing, magnetic separation, and screening. The leaching was carried out on -16 mesh crushed powders of lithium ion batteries by using diluted sulfuric acid solution and reducing agent. After removing impurities such as Fe, Cu and Al, cobalt ion was separated by solvent extraction process. Purified cobalt sulfate solution could be used for source of lithium secondary battery. Therefore the recycling process of spent lithium secondary battery without waste solution could be developed.
The Rio+20 Conference 2012: Objectives, processes and outcomes
Authors: Kim Jong Hwan
Published: April 2024

This article is to present and review the objectives, processes and outcomes of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 20-22, 2012. While the outcome document of the conference, “The Future We Want”, addressed most of the demands of the developing and emerging countries, there are many among the nations and other stakeholders who have expressed their deep criticism for not going far enough and being too vague to implement such principles. The “historical opportunity to define pathways to a safer, more equitable, cleaner, greener and more prosperous world for all” is said to be passed away. However, this result is reflecting the real politics of the international negotiation on sustainable development issues. Brazil, the host country had proposed the compromise text shortly before the beginning of the conference, and succeeded in reaching an agreement in Rio. The outcome document reflects, thus, a lowest common denominator of international interests in conflict. The 10 Year-Framework Plan on Sustainable Consumption and Production Pattern is one of the rare initiatives adopted with concrete objectives and means of implementation and this is expected to be of very important milestone for development and diffusion of life-cycle approach and in greening the global economy. Brief presentation of historical background and the meaning of the Rio+20 conference is followed by a detailed analysis on the outcome and the 10YFP-SCP.
Trend on the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Technology in Heat supply by the Patent Analysis
Authors: Kim Joo Cheong , Jung Shim So
Published: April 2024

열병합발전 기술에 대하여 1990년부터 2012년까지 국내에 등록된 특허를 조사하였다. 열병합 발 전 기술의 연도별 특허 등록 현황 및 기술 분류별 현황, 주요출원인, 최신특허 동향을 분석하였다. 열병합발전 기술을 분류하고 특허 출원동향을 파악함으로써 기술개발 흐름을 분석하였다. 최신특 허 출원 분석을 통해 기술 개발 동향을 알아보고자 2008년부터 2012년까지 최근 5년간 열병합발 전기술로 등록된 특허를 분석하였다. 열병합 발전은 에너지 사용 효율을 향상시킨다는 측면에서 발전분야의 온실가스 감축 기술로 주목받고 있다. 열병합발전 기술로 출원된 기술의 50%이상이 최근 5년에 등록된 것으로 분석되었는데 이는 늘어나는 전력소비 대비 불안정한 전력공급 및 목 표관리제 도입으로 인한 온실가스 감축기술의 중요성으로 인해 일반 열병합 뿐만 아니라 자가열 병합과 같은 소형열병합 기술개발이 지속되고 있으며 앞으로 더욱 활발해 질것으로 기대된다.
Collaborative Development for Green Product using SCM
Authors: Kim Sunyoung , Kim Youngsam , Kim Bongseob , An Heekyung
Published: April 2024

To prevent Climate Change and environmental laws, companies has tried to effort disseminate cleaner production, GPs(Green Partnerships) and CPs(Carbon Partnerships) into SMEs(Small and Medium Enterprises) based on the SCM(Supply Chain Management). Korean government has supported GSCM(Green Supply Chain Management) to develop more and more such as GPs, CPs and GPDPs(Green Product Development Partnerships). Coway, the Korean well-being household electronics company has conducted the GPDPs first with 6 SMEs who produce and supply main parts of the target product, water purifier. At first, Coway constructed the green product development system related each SME's internal green part development system. Based on the system, Coway and 6 SMEs cooperative developed an improved green product environmentally. And a parent company trained green product R&D experts in SMEs. As a result, Coway Water Purifier, about 26% or more of the environmental improvement achieved was to determine the effectiveness of the system developed for this collaboration, green product development.
Water Footprint Assessment on Major Agricultural Products
Authors: Son Minjung , Kim Ik , Cha Kyounghoon
Published: April 2024

Water as an essesntial to life is an indispensable resource. Sustainable water management is needed as one of measures against water depletion and degradation by human activities. This study aimed to develop methodology to evaluate water footprint throughout life cycle of the products as a tool for sustainable water management. The methodology was developed in accordance with ISO 14040s and ISO DIS 14046. Water inventory is the amount of water consumption by water types. Water consumption from direct and indirect sources is calculated to apply Korean life cycle inventory database. Based on the result of water inventory, water-related environmental impacts considering water depletion and degradation is calculated. Case study on cabbages was conducted to evaluate water footprint over the product's life cycle according to the aforementioned methodology.
A Case Study of Eco-Design for a Bladeless Fan by Performance, Usability, and Life Cycle Assessments
Authors: Choi Younggeun , Lee Baekhee , You Heecheon
Published: April 2024

Eco-friendly product designs have been developed more actively than ever before to resolve global issues of global warming, resource depletion, and energy cost increase. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is often applied to measure the environmental impact of a product. An eco-friendly product should also consider the aspects of performance and usability for market competitiveness. The present study developed an eco-friendly product improvement strategy of a bladeless fan by comparing with a conventional fan in terms of performance, usability, and eco-friendliness. The two fans being operated in a laboratory setting, performance measurements such as wind speed, noise level, and power consumption were collected. Then, usability evaluations such as aesthetics, ease of manipulation, ease of maintenance, mobility, safety, noise, and overall satisfaction were investigated for the two fans using 5-point scale. Finally, LCA was conducted by following the six-step process of eco-friendly product design. As a result, two design improvement directions (natural fan and celestial fan) were suggested for an eco-friendly bladeless fan. The proposed design directions would be of use for eco-friendly fan design with high level of performance, usability, and eco-friendliness.
A Study of Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculation Methodology of New Building
Authors: Kim Tae Eun , Jang Seok Do , Ahn Sang Jeon
Published: April 2024

We present a calculation method developed by National Construction baseline methodology AM0091 Analysis of the New Architecture building sector have been registered in the UNFCCC baseline methodology and calculation methodology applied in domestic cases is the purpose of the study.
A study on the environmental impact comparison of geopolymers manufactured of coal combustion ashes
Authors: Ahn Joong Woo , Kim Youngsil , Yang Inmog , Lee Sujung , Cho Bong Gyoo , Cho Youngju
Published: April 2024

This study has been carried out to evaluate environmental values of a coal ash recycling technology and suggest directions for improving environmental performance of the recycling technology. As the results of comparing the global warming environmental impacts of 3 types of geopolymers produced by fly ash, middle ash, and bottom ash with the impact of portland cement, Fly ash geopolymer showed 19%, Middle ash geopolymer 51%, Bottom ash geopolymer showed 133% of the impact of portland cement. The impact of Bottom ash geopolymer can be improved by reducing water use and wastewater recycling. In the case of Fly ash geopolymer and Middle ash geopolymer, energy efficiency and sodium silicate input have been found as material factors. The limitation of this study is not to consider the value of new recycling material, additional burden of coal ash dumping, and low efficiency of small amount production of a development stage. It can be inferred that the actual environmental impact of geopolymers would be lower.
Development of Design Guidelines and a Checklist of Ease of Disassembly for Effective Disassembly of Smartphone
Authors: Lee Jihyung , Kim Sungho , Jung Hayoung , Lee Chang-Ho , You Heecheon
Published: April 2024

While the volume of smartphone production has kept increasing due to increase in the number of smartphone users and shortening in cycle times of new model release and replacement, the volume of discarded smartphone has dramatically increased due to low rates of recycle and reuse. The present study developed design guidelines for ease of smartphone disassembly and a checklist for assessment of ease of smartphone disassembly. A set of 24 design guidelines of smartphone disassembly for material, fastener & connection, and structure was established based on literature review of disassembly guidelines of home appliances and cellular phones and were applied to 11 smartphone parts, resulting in 155 check items for assessment of ease of smartphone disassembly. An assessment of 15 smartphone models using the disassembly checklist in the study found Dell Streak mini 5 most preferred and HTC One least preferred. The design guidelines and a checklist for ease of disassembly developed in the study are expected to apply to improve the design of smartphones for efficient and safe disassembly for reuse of parts with high values.
The analysis of greenhouse gas emission reduction from Low-Carbon Products in Korea
Authors: Park Pil-Ju , Lee HyunHee , Cho JangYul , Kim Mann-Young
Published: April 2024

A greenhouse gas emission reduction effect of “Low-Carbon Products” which are the second scheme of Korean carbon footprint labeling has been analyzed from 2011 to 2015 in this study. The reduction effect is calculated by subtracting the low carbon product from the first carbon emission which shows the reduced emission value of product and then multiplying by the sales of the products.
The total number of the low-carbon products is 231 and its estimated reducing GHG effect totals 3.44 Mt CO2-eq. This equals to an annual absorption of approximately 520 million 30 year old pine trees and an annual emission of about 1.43 million vehicles. In addition, it is evaluated that the cost effectiveness of a low carbon product labeling program is more than 50 times than that of carbon trading schemes in Korea. Both the government and companies should develope and apply various policies to invigorate the program of low carbon products.
A study on the environmental impact comparison of recycled fatty acid methyl ester from high acid value waste oil and vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester
Authors: Ahn Joong Woo , Yang Inmog , Choi Aran , Im Daejae , Cho Bong Gyoo , Cho Youngju
Published: April 2024

This study has been conducted to evaluate environmental values of high acid value waste oil recycling technology and suggest improvement directions of the recycling technology. As the result of comparing with vegetable oil fatty acid methyl ester(FAME), total environmental impact of recycled FAME showed 96% of vegetable oil FAME. When considering each impact category, environmental impacts of recycled FAME appeared to 54%, 15%, 99% of resource depletion, global warming, and human toxicity. Reducing water usage and recycling waste water can lower the environmental impact of recycling process.
The analysis of low-carbon design of PET-bottled water on carbon emission reduction
Authors: Kim Jong Seok , Yang Bong Sig , Kim Young Jin
Published: April 2024

The global efforts to respond to climate change by reducing greenhouse gas were accelerated, as negative effects of climate change have been visualized and its direct damages to economy have been realized. Korea's Carbon Footprint Labeling get a lot of attention as one of the effective methods to contribute to national GHG reduction goal, and for enterprises to show customers how much effort the company put into global warming prevention. Consumers' interest on low-carbon products has been increasing. This study uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method to calculate the amount of carbon emission of PET-bottled water, which reduced carbon emissions by using high efficiency manufacturing techniques. LCA Method is based on guidelines of Carbon Footprint Labeling, Korea government, and pre-manufacturing, manufacturing, and disposal steps are included while use step of the product is excluded from this method. In order to understand the effects of eco-design on carbon emissions, the PET-bottled water’s carbon emissions are compared before and after the change of manufacturing techniques. The result shows the improvement from 94.0 gCO2-eq/EA to 86.7 gCO2-eq/EA, and this means carbon emissions has been reduced by 8.4%, which is equivalent to 272tons of GHG emissions a year.
A Study on LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) of Leakage from CCS(Carbon Capture and Storage)
Authors: Hak Park Ki , Hun Kang , Taek Yun Seong
Published: April 2024

This study was set the scenario that carbon dioxide of 3 million ton per year emitted by coal-fired power plant was captured and compressed to a level of 95%, and stored underground. The composition of the impurities(5%) in the capture materials was assumed including the general air pollutant, such as CH4, N2O, NOx and Hg, etc, emitted by coal-fired power plant. Features of this study is not the purity of carbon dioxide, examinate the magnitude of the environment impact on the 1∼5% of impurities. In particular, the environmental impact of these impurities that appear high is examined.
Through the CCS, net avoidance effect of global warming was 3.88E+09 kg CO2-eq/kg.
Weighting result due to leakage in the case of 1% leakage was 3.03E+05 Pt in the water system and 5.77E+03 Pt in the soil system. And Weighting result due to leakage in the case of 5% of leakage was 2.88E+04 Pt in the water system and 1.51E+06 Pt in the soil system. The cause of the environmental impact of the soil system is higher than the water system appeared by mercury(Hg) and weighting factor of mercury was larger caused in the soil system. According to the weighting results of the environmental impact, excepting mercury, 5% of leakage was 5.42E+03 Pt in the soil system. In this case, the avoidance effect was 3.38E+05 Pt. That is, excluding mercury, it was analyzed that CCS can reduce the environmental load.
In the future, there is a need to further study the presence or absence of including an environmental impact assessment quantification of impurities and collecting materials for safe CCS. Also, it must quantify the environment effect of lower pH due to carbon dioxide and be a lot of research on the prediction of changes in the ecosystem.
A Case Study on Tokyo Metropolitan Government Cap-and-Trade Program
Authors: Seo Hyoung Ju , Jung Hwan Jin , Park Chan Il
Published: April 2024

Countries around the world adopted the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to deal with the climate changes and introduced an emission trading scheme as a flexible tool to effectively reduce greenhouse gases by utilizing the market functions. Countries in North East Asia such as Japan, China, South Korea launched Emissions Trading Scheme(ETS) with an emerging global trend and now they start to talk whether it is possible to link their national carbon markets.
This study aimed to compare an ETS in South Korea and Japan especially focusing on Tokyo Metropolitan Government Cap-and-Trade Program(TMG cap-and-trade program) began operating in 2010. It analysed TMG Cap-and-Trade’s gas coverage, base year emissions, reduction obligations, Allocation of allowances, Offsets, Credit Trading and then compare with those of Korea’s ETS.
Life Cycle Assessment of an GHG emission reduction technology
Authors: Kim Byung Ju , Cha Kyoung Hoon , Hur Tak , Kim Beom Sik , Gwon Sun Il , Choi Ji Na , Kwon Young Kook
Published: April 2024

In this study, the environmental improvement effectiveness of CCU(Carbon capture & utilization) technology is analyzed, based on LCA(Life cycle assessment) methodology. Target CCU technology is synthesis process which uses carbon dioxide as raw material and produces useful materials such as DMC(Dimethyl carbonate), methanol and etc. As a result of LCA performed, 25 g CO2 eq. of greenhouse gases is reduced during life cycle for treating 1 kg of carbon dioxide. Therefore, target CCU technology produces an effect on greenhouse gas reduction. And electricity consumption of synthesis process is the main issue of GWP results. The improvement of energy type of synthesis process is effective for GWP. 746 g CO2 eq. of greenhouse gases is reduced by changing energy type of synthesis process. As a result, life cycle GWP reduction is obtained. The scenario analysis about carbon dioxide transportation distance is performed. In case of the distance of carbon dioxide transportation is farther than 97.13 km, the amount of greenhouse gas emission during life cycle is larger than avoid and target CCU technology is ineffective for greenhouse gas reduction. Consequentially, target CCU technology is effective for greenhouse gas reduction. And the region for installing the process should consider the distance of carbon dioxide transportation.
A study on the environmental assessment of indoor rail type end-of-life vehicle dismantling technology through life cycle assessment
Authors: Ho Park Jung , Woo Jun Duk , Hwan Sung Jong
Published: April 2024

This study is aimed at compare and evaluate the environmental impact of End-of-Life Vehicle(ELV) on the eco-friendly technology dismantling and recycling system, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. In this study, it was analyzed for the environmental impacts of raw materials, disassemble process, recycle parts separation and waste treatment into the process of ELV treatment by greenhouse gas and resource consumption, etc. Through this study, the indoor rail type dismantling technology were recycling rate applied on the alternate system was increased by approximately 8%. As a result, it was 3 to 88% by improving the environmental impact category. In addition, the added benefit of approximately 8-62% in pre-market occurred through the recycling rate, improve parts reuse rate of ELV. Through the results of this study, legal compliance, improved reuse and recycling ratio, used parts market reach, enable exports has identified the need for the effort that the dissemination and diffusion of eco-friendly technology.
A Case Study for Procurement of CO2 Emissions Reduction Concrete in the Construction Site
Authors: Choi Won Young , Tae Sung Ho , Roh Seung Jun
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to conduct a case study for procurement of CO2 emissions reduction concrete in the construction site. For this purpose, mix-proportion and energy consumption for ready mixed concrete were collected from 27 ready mixed concrete manufacturing plant in Korea using on-line questionnaire, visiting, telephone conversation and so on. And Concrete CO2 emission assessment was conducted observing Life Cycle Assessment method defined by ISO 14040 series with mix-proportion and energy consumption. With this, CO2 emission characteristic was analyzed dividing into the group such as compressive strength, admixture, plant region using the result of assessment. Furthermore, comparison analysis of real CO2 emission of a concrete plant and the minimum CO2 emission following was conducted.
Cost Analysis of Air Quality Management Services
Authors: Jin Hong Seok , Min Kim Jong , Chul Park Soon , Hoon Han Kyoung , 안 재현
Published: April 2024

At present, the air quality management service model is in the introduction stage, and the appropriate cost for the service, consumer acceptability for the price, and the utility of the consumer are being coordinated in the market. In this study, the cost analysis of the target service was performed in advance of actual air quality management service implementation. The target service is modularized and analyzed, and each cost is analyzed to examine the cost reduction method of the overall service. Cost items are divided into investment cost, operating cost, and maintenance cost. Costs of five service modules, which can collect data among 7 service modules, were calculated, and the possibility of potential cost reduction for each module was analyzed through cost analysis.
Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) on Recycling Technology of Waste Organic Solvents
Authors: Son Min Jung , Cha Kyoung Hoon , Ahn Joong Woo , Choi Aran , Oh Yeong Min , Cho Bong Gyoo , Cho Young Ju
Published: April 2024

This study conducted the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) of recycling technology for recovering precious metal(gold, silver) from the waste organic solvents generated in production process of LCD, semiconductor, etc. Environmental impacts were assessed for the five categories of impacts: global warming, resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and photochemical oxide production. When recycling 1L of waste organic solvents, global warming impact was 5.26E-02 kg CO2-eq., resource depletion impact was 3.06E-04 kg Sb-eq., acidification impact was 1.31E-04 kg SO2-eq., eutrophication impact was 9.70E-05 kg PO43--eq., and the photochemical oxide production impact was 5.82E-05 kg C2H4-eq. In terms of overall environmental impacts, electricity and KCN contribute the greatest impact, so it is necessary to improve energy efficiency, change to low-energy sources, and apply renewable energy. In addition, it is necessary to compare the environmental impacts of the raw materials to replace the KCN, and a method to reduce the KCN usage in the process is needed.
An Objectives and Properties of Life Cycle Assessment Software Components
Authors: Huh Jin Ho
Published: April 2024

This study discusses the importance of objectification and its properties of life cycle assessment software components.
Study on Life-Cycle Assessment for Valuable Recovery of Used Small Household Appliances
Authors: Park Eun Kyu , Park Ki Hak , Choi Woo Zin
Published: April 2024

This study aims at life cycle assessment on valuable sorting/recovery from small household appliances was carried out. The recycling process mainly consists of 1st-stage crushing, manual dismantling, magnetic separation, 2nd-stage crushing and wet gravity separation process. This process is designed to process about 8 tons of used small household appliances per day, but it processes 800 kg per day for efficient sorting/recovery of the downstream wet gravity separation process.
GWP was estimated to be about 9.24E+02 kg CO2-eq./f.u when each valuable resource was sorting/recovered from 1 tonne used small appliances. The environmental impacts on GWP among the environmental impact categories for sorting/recovery by valuable resources were about 65.7 % for PS/ABS 6.07E+02 kg CO2-eq., about 29.0 % for PP 2.68E+02 kg CO2-eq., about 2.9 % for ferrous metals 2.72E+01 kg CO2-eq., and 2.22E+01 kg CO2-eq. for copper And about 2.4 %.
The effects of environmental and economic benefits are analyzed compared to the amount of virgin material recycled as recycled material, and the environmental impacts of 1.93E+03 kg CO2 yield were analyzed. If it translates into carbon emissions reduction, it will result in an economic impact of about 5,777 thousand won per year.
In addition, environmental avoidance effects were analyzed to reduce carbon dioxide levels of about 237.8 tons per year. Recycling process including gravity separation techniques used in recycling process, which is used in the recycling companies, the environmental avoidance effect on the sorting/recovery of the final valuable resources is inefficient. In addition, when the wet gravity separation system for sorting plastics is applied, it is analyzed that the environmental load is caused by the use of the water and the treatment of the generated wastewater. It is urgently required to develop a crushing, disassembling technique and sorting technology in order to efficiently sorting and recover the valuable resources generated in the recycling process of used small household appliances made of various constituent materials.
Development of Simplified environmental assessment methodology for electronic products in corporate sustainability assessment
Authors: Ko Kwanghoon , Ahn Sanghyuk , Lee Sangyong , Kim Byungju , Hwang Yongwoo
Published: April 2024

Recently, the Sustainability Index such as DJSI(Dow Jones Sustainability Index) become more global trend for many electronic companies. In this study, we developed simplified environment assessment tool called by simplified LCA (SLCA) on electronic products and LCI Database in life cycle. Firstly, the environmental assessment categories were found for DJSI requirements such as global warming, mineral depletion, eco toxic, human toxic etc. Also, material database and parts database of life cycle inventory were developed for life cycle assessment. The stage of manufacturing, transportation, usage and disposal were developed for life cycle database. Finally, the SLCA tool was developed logically for environmental assessment based on excel program, in which the informations input on material selection, part weight and usage scenario, etc. The result of environmental assessment at the life cycle could be founded in using this tool. The meaning of this study have better effects of reducing load of evaluation and working time.
Comparative analyses on voluntary carbon offset project models in forest sector between Korea and USA
Authors: Sunho Joo , Kwangmin Jang , Jonghwa Choi , Son Whi-Lim , Kwangmin Jang
Published: April 2024

Forests are one of the most traditional and representative carbon sinks, they can enhance the efficiency of domestic forest resources as a means of achieving the Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC), while at the same time stabilizing the benefits which are derived from them in a virtuous cycle model in order to overcome these problems, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the voluntary carbon offset business model of the domestic forest sector, which is currently in the non-obligation reduction sector, by comparing it with advanced overseas models. In this study, we compared the business model of the US market, which successfully carries out the voluntary carbon offset program of the forest sector such as VCS (Verified Carbon Standard) and CAR (Climate Action Reserve). By doing so, we suggested probable solutions for our system.
A Study on the Methodology for Evaluating Eco-Efficiency of Waste Treatment Facilities
Authors: Yi Sora , Lim Hye Sook
Published: April 2024

This study established a methodology for evaluating eco-efficiency by utilizing environmental evaluation and economic evaluation for waste treatment facilities. Life-cycle assessment was used for environmental assessment, and the eeo-efficiency of individual treatment facilities was derived based on the proposed methodology. Based on the analyzed eco-efficiency results, key factors for improving environmental efficiency were derived from waste treatment facilities.
Life Cycle Assessment of Synthetic Naphtha by CO2 hydrogenation Technology
Authors: An Jinjoo , Lee Kwangwon , Choi Jina
Published: April 2024

This study aims at evaluating the environmental impacts stemmed from an new synthetic naphtha production system by CO2 hydrogenation technology, using Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) methodology. In this study, both LCI and LCIA study were conducted with a perspective of cradle-to-gate in order to figure out more detailed environmentally significant issues. For the purpose of making this study easier to be understood, the comparative approach with existing commercial naphtha production system were applied in this study.
A Study on the Resource circulation rate of Industrial Waste from Manufacture of basic metals Using Material Flow Analysis
Authors: Jang Yeon Ki , Baek Young Ju , Kim Ik , Jeon Eui Chan
Published: April 2024

This study analyzed the recycling by statistical method and the actual recycling capacity by material flow for industrial waste generated in the Manufacture of basic metals. In 2019, the amount of waste generated in the Manufacture of basic metals was 34,304 thousand tons and recycling 33,232 thousand tons, with a recycling rate of 96.9%. However, as a result of applying the newly generated residues during the recycling process by material flow analysis, the actual recycling capacity was reduced to 29,115 thousand tons, and the recycling rate was found to be 84.9%.
Evaluation of Economic by Recovery of Valuable Metals in Waste Liquid
Authors: Kim Da Yeon , Kang Hong Yoon , Lee Jong Hyo , Kwon Taek Kwan , Kim Chun San
Published: April 2024

In 2018, The silver(referred to as Ag) demand in the electrical and electronic field was 249 million tons, and for producing solar modules, 81 million tons of silver were demanded. Currently, due to the rapid increase in solar module installation, the silver demand is also increasing drastically in Korea. However, Korea's metal resources and reserves are insufficient compared to consumption, and the domestic self-sufficiency rate of silver ores among metal resources is lower than 1.5%. It implies that the recycling technology for recovering valuable metal resources contained in the waste plating solution generated in the metal industry is necessary. Therefore, in this study, through B/C analysis, the economic evaluations were compared and analyzed according to the improvement of the valuable metal recovery process in the waste plating solution. As a result, the B/C ratio was 1.48, which means feasibility. Therefore, the improvement of recycling technology has a high possibility to reduce the usage of chemicals and energy, and to improve resource productivity in the urban mining industry.
Bone Health at Stake: Alarming Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency in Karachi Children.
Authors: Jaffri Syeda Huda Zehra
Published: April 2024

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is a major public health problem for Pakistani children. The purpose of this cross-sectional research was to determine the prevalence and possible correlates of vitamin D insufficiency in young children under the age of five living in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: We analysed data from 400 children aged 0 to 5 years who had vitamin D testing (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) at a diagnostic laboratory in Karachi between January and December 2022. Participants' vitamin D levels were classified as adequate (≥30 ng/ml) or insufficient (<30 ng/ml). Logistic regression with robust standard errors adjusted for clustering in the laboratory environment.

Results: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was disturbingly high at 71.8% (287/400), near national prevalence. Age emerged as a major risk factor, with older children being more likely to be deficient (OR: 1.20 per year increase in age, 95% CI: 1.11-1.30, p 0.001). Winter months increased the incidence of deficit compared to summer (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.21-2.89, p = 0.010). Gender had no significant connection with deficit.

Conclusions: Our data show that vitamin D insufficiency is a major problem among children in Karachi. To address this public health concern and protect children's health and development, targeted initiatives encouraging safe sun exposure, diversifying diets with vitamin D-rich foods, and investigating fortified staples or regular supplementation are urgently required.
Empowering Nurses as Quality Champions: A Call for Transformative Change in Child Health
Authors: Hashmi Salahuddin Tausif
Published: April 2024

This editorial advocates for empowering nurses as "quality champions" in pediatric care, proposing a multi-pronged framework for actively engaging them in identifying and addressing quality issues. Highlighting nurses' invaluable frontline expertise and often overlooked potential, the author calls for a paradigm shift toward a collaborative, patient-centered model of quality improvement.

The framework emphasizes cultivating a culture of quality through leadership engagement, open communication, and nurse training. It further suggests leveraging nurse expertise by establishing interdisciplinary QI teams, empowering nurses as data champions, and implementing robust feedback mechanisms. Recognizing and rewarding nurses' success through formal recognition, professional development opportunities, and impact measurement is also crucial.

Embracing this transformative approach promises: improved patient outcomes, enhanced care experiences, increased staff satisfaction, and sustainable improvements.

I, personally urges the research community to explore this topic, showcase successful nurse-driven QI initiatives, and pave the way for a healthcare system where every nurse becomes a champion for quality in child health.
The effect of aggressive working capital management policy on the performance of listed companies in Ghana
Authors: Oppong M. Oppong , Owiredu A. Owiredu , Davies R. Davies
Published: April 2024

Working Capital Management is an important part of the financial management activities of companies as it tends to have effect on liquidity and overall profitability of organisations. It is argued in finance literature that an optimal working capital enhances profitability. Traditional studies on working capital management have tried to prove this by examining the effect of working capital management on the profitability of companies. We deviate from this norm by examining the effect of aggressiveness of working capital management policy on the profitability of Ghanaian registered companies. Using the financial statements of 21 Ghana Stock Exchange listed companies covering the period 2006 to 2011, we examined how their return on equity and return on assets were influenced by the aggressiveness of the working capital policy. Data obtained was analysed using regression analysis. Our empirical results show a negative relationship between working capital management policy and the measures of profitability adopted. We conclude that management cannot increase profit by adopting a very aggressive working capital management policy.
An empirical assessment of supply chain effectiveness using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) approach: The case of selected beverage firms in Ghana
Authors: Ofori-Nyarko E. Ofori-Nyarko
Published: April 2024

There has been little contribution to academic debate and knowledge in terms of what constitutes supply chain (SC) effectiveness. This study therefore assessed supply chain effectiveness using selected beverage firms in Accra, Ghana. A quantitative research technique was primarily employed in this study. Participants were senior employees in the selected beverage firms. The simple random sampling procedure was used to draw 214 respondents from the population. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was the main statistical tool of data analysis and presentation. Results reveal that SC effectiveness is defined by two constructs. The first construct is SC strategy and this accounts for the highest variance (53.?%) in SC effectiveness. This construct is made up of variables relating to the general approach and strategy to supply chain management. The second construct is SC outcomes, and this accounts for 20.1% of the total variation in SC effectiveness. This construct is made up of variables relating to the end-results of SC management in an organization. For beverage firms to maximise SC effectiveness therefore, they need to focus on implementing the best SC strategy that will yield expected SC outcomes.
Examining the tax implications for the adoption of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) in Ghana
Authors: Abedana V. N. Abedana , Adom-Frimpong K. Adom-Frimpong , Omane-Antwi K. B. Omane-Antwi
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the tax implications of listed companies in Ghana for the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), particularly International Accounting Standard (IAS) 12. Financial statements from annual reports for twenty two (22) firms were used for the analysis. A theory of accounting choice was used as the theoretical framework with all other relevant related literature reviewed. A sequential explanatory strategy for mixed methods research approach was used with data sourced from three different sources; that is observation and extraction from financial statements, questionnaire and an interview guide. The results triangulate to indicate that there are tax implications following the adoption of IFRS particularly IAS 12 by listed firms in Ghana. Current year tax expenses of entities on average reduce marginally by 0.2% when restated in IFRS from GNAS. In terms of reported tax amounts by industries, manufacturing/trading entities showed increases in current year tax expenses by 13% while financial/insurance/information technology companies saw decreases in their current year tax expenses by 13.3%. It also reveals that there are no differences between GNAS and IFRS reported amounts of corporate taxes. The study provides empirical evidence to create the awareness of tax implications for the adoption of IFRSs in Ghana.
Transforming Professional Accountants’ Skills and Capabilities for a Sustainable Future.
Authors: Omane-Antwi K. B. Omane-Antwi
Published: April 2024

Professional accountants (PAs) find themselves working in a trans-disciplinary world, not a monodisciplinary one: a world of continuous flux, where technical and human factors constantly interact in a complex and unique ways. It is a world where unpredictability and change are always in the air and PAs skills, competencies, and capabilities are most tested when the unexpected happens, and unanticipated opportunity arises; when things suddenly go awry or they are faced with a ‘wicked problem’ or dilemma which turns to question or even rock the talent, skills and capabilities of the professional accountant. This paper, using documentary evidence and interactions with key employers as a methodology, discusses the growing interest in making sure that PAs equip themselves with the capabilities and competencies required not only to be work ready for today, but also ‘work ready plus’ for tomorrow.