bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Brain Network of Trait Impulsivity: Whole‐Brain Functional Connectivity Predicts Self‐Reported Impulsivity
Authors: Hüpen Philippa , Kumar Himanshu , Müller Dario , Swaminathan Ramakrishnan , Habel Ute , Weidler Carmen
Published: October 2024

Given impulsivity's multidimensional nature and its implications across various aspects of human behavior, a comprehensive understanding of functional brain circuits associated with this trait is warranted. In the current study, we utilized whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity data of healthy males (n = 156) to identify a network of connections predictive of an individual's impulsivity, as assessed by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS)‐11. Our participants were selected, in part, based on their self‐reported BIS‐11 impulsivity scores. Specifically, individuals who reported high or low trait impulsivity scores during screening were selected first, followed by those with intermediate impulsivity levels. This enabled us to include participants with rare, extreme scores and to cover the entire BIS‐11 impulsivity spectrum. We employed repeated K‐fold cross‐validation for feature‐selection and used stratified 10‐fold cross‐validation to train and test our models. Our findings revealed a widespread neural network associated with trait impulsivity and a notable correlation between predicted and observed scores. Feature importance and node degree were assessed to highlight specific nodes and edges within the impulsivity network, revealing previously overlooked key brain regions, such as the cerebellum, brainstem, and temporal lobe, while supporting previous findings on the basal ganglia‐thalamo‐prefrontal network and the prefrontal‐motor strip network in relation to impulsiveness. This deepened understanding establishes a foundation for identifying alterations in functional brain networks associated with dysfunctional impulsivity.
From photonic technologies to microfluidics—A review on the techniques which revolutionize liquid biopsy, opening a new era in cancer therapy
Authors: Sarkar Subham , Ghosh Soubhagya , Chakraborty Samraggi , Rajak Jenifer , Chowdhury Ekanansha R. , Mitra Arup K. , Kumer Ajoy , Dhara Bikram
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Cancer therapy is one of the most researched upon medical field in the world. Non invasive technologies such as liquid biopsy are gaining more importance in cancer therapy because of their manifold advantages over traditional invasive biopsy methods. Liquid biopsy is used to analyze nucleic acids such as ctDNA, cfDNA and RNA, cellular and subcellular components such as proteins, extracellular vesicles and circulating tumor cells in various biological fluids such as blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid and ascites fluid for diagnosis of cancer.

Methods

Liquid biopsy has a wide range of applications such as assessment of residual diseases and tumors which cannot be biopsied easily and prediction of CAR‐T response and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. It can also be used to know the efficacy of cancer drugs in a patient by analyzing multiple samples. Liquid biopsy is becoming more popular as it allows biopsy of those samples in which solid tumor biopsies are challenging or impracticable.

Techniques and Results

To achieve comprehensive insight on the status of cancer in a patient, various cutting edge liquid biopsy techniques have been developed. Microfluidics and photonic technologies, along with PCR, next generation sequencing, advanced and innovative molecular and cell biology approaches and imaging techniques have expanded the domain of liquid biopsy and elevated the accuracy of liquid biopsy results.

Conclusion

This review discusses about the contributions of some widely used methods along with microfluidics and photonic technologies in detection of cancer biomarkers by liquid biopsy.
Synergistic Action of Rutin‐Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Targeting Biofilm Formation Receptors of Dental Pathogens and Modulating Apoptosis Genes for Enhanced Oral Anticancer Activity
Authors: Shaik Mohammed Rafi , Ramasamy Mohankumar , Jain Divya , Muthu Kesavan , Marunganathan Vanitha , Manivannan Chandrakumar , Hussain Shaik Althaf , Deepak Paramasivam , Thiyagarajulu Nathiya , Guru Ajay , Venkatesan Dhivya
Published: October 2024

Oral diseases are often associated with bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. This research explored a novel approach to addressing these pathogens by synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) coated with rutin (RT), a plant‐derived compound. The synthesized ZnO‐RT NPs were comprehensively characterized using UV‐Vis spectrophotometer, SEM, and EDAX techniques to confirm their structural composition. The antioxidant potential was assessed through free radical scavenging assays. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of ZnO‐RT NPs was evaluated using a zone of inhibition assay against oral pathogens. Molecular docking studies with the Autodock tool were performed to elucidate the interactions between RT and the receptors of oral pathogens. The findings demonstrated that ZnO‐RT NPs exhibited robust free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, they showed significant antimicrobial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 μg/mL against oral pathogens. ZnO‐RT NPs also displayed dose‐dependent anticancer effects on human oral cancer cells at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/mL. Mechanistic insights into the anticancer activity on KB cells revealed the upregulation of apoptotic genes. This study underscores the promising potential of ZnO‐RT NPs for dental applications due to their strong antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. These nanoparticles offer a hopeful prospect for addressing oral pathogen challenges and enhancing overall oral health.
Sesamol Alleviated Lipotoxicity‐Induced Dysfunction in MIN6 Cells via Facilitating Cellular Senescence Caused by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Xie Yan , Tang Yongyan , Yang Jinxin , Atta Mahnoor , Wang Nan , Qin Hong
Published: October 2024

Obesity is found to be a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), attributed to lipotoxicity‐induced β‐cell dysfunction. However, the specific mechanism involved in the process remains incompletely unclarified. The current study demonstrated lipotoxicity resulted in the activation of ER stress, which increased the protein level of TXNIP, thereby inducing senescence‐assiciated dysfunction in MIN6 cells under high fat environment. And we also found sesamol, a natural functional component extracted from sesame, was able to alleviate senescence‐associated β‐cell dysfunction induced by lipotoxicity by inhibiting ER stress and TXNIP. Our findings provided novel insights into senescence‐related T2DM and propose innovative therapeutic approaches for utilizing sesamol in the treatment of T2DM in the obese elderly population.
Synthesis, structural characterization, water ad‐/de‐sorption isotherm, and CO2 uptakes of a 2D Cu(I) metal organic framework with 1,3,5‐tris(4‐pyridylethynyl)benzene (L) and Tricyanomethanide (tcm−) ligands
Authors: Wang Chih‐Chieh , Wu Yu‐Ching , Chung Yu‐Chen , Yang En‐Che , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chien Su‐Ying , Chang Po‐Ya , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn
Published: October 2024

A d10 Cu(I) two‐dimensional (2D) metal–organic framework (MOF) with chemical formulas, {[Cd(L)(tcm)(H2O)]⋅2H2O}n (1) (L = 1,3,5‐tris(4‐pyridylethynyl)benzene; tcm−1 = tricyanomethanide) was synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction method. In 1, the coordination geometry of Cu(I) ion is distorted tetrahedral coordinated to four N atoms from three L and one tcm− ligands. A 2D puckered honeycomb‐like layer is formed via the bridges of Cu(I) ions and L ligands with tris‐monodentate coordination mode. Two 2D layers are mutually interpenetrated via the π–π stacking interaction between benzene ring of L ligand and pyridyl ring of neighboring L ligand to form a two‐fold interpenetrated 2D net and then arranged orderly to construct its 3D supramolecular network. Thermal stability and in‐situ temperature‐dependent structural variations of 1 are performed by TG analysis associated with temperature‐dependent PXRD measurement. The water vapor ad‐/de‐sorption isotherm and CO2 adsorption isotherm of 1 are measured and discussed.
Reducing emotion dysregulation online in nonclinical population with compassion focused therapy and emotional competencies program: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Paucsik Marine , Baeyens Céline , Tessier Damien , Shankland Rebecca
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The present randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effects of two interventions on emotional dysregulation as a primary outcome and on depression, anxiety, stress, well‐being, self‐compassion and emotional competencies as secondary outcomes. Finally, the mediating role of emotional dysregulation as a core process in the effect of interventions on anxiety‐depressive and stress symptoms was evaluated.

Methods

One hundred and seventy‐nine individuals aged 18–68 years (M = 39, SD = 12.4; 83.9% females) with emotion regulation difficulties were randomly assigned to one of the three 12‐weeks online programs: Compassion Focused Program (CFP), an Emotional Competencies Program (ECP) or a Waitlist control condition (WL). Participants completed pre‐, post‐ and 3 months follow‐up measures of each outcome. Mixed effect linear models compared groups on primary and secondary outcomes.

Results

Results showed that (1) perceived credibility and expectancy and satisfaction did not differ between the two interventions, (2) both interventions reduced emotion regulation difficulty, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, and enhanced well‐being, self‐compassion, and emotional competencies; (3) ECP was more effective to enhance well‐being than CFP; (4) CFP was more effective to enhance emotional competencies than ECP, and (5) emotion regulation difficulty mediated the effect of the interventions on depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.

Conclusions

Findings offer preliminary support for the usefulness of online CFP and ECP to reduce emotion dysregulation, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and to increase well‐being, self‐compassion and emotional competencies. These results are discussed regarding clinical practice and the transdiagnostic role of emotional dysregulation.
Biocatalytic Potential of Pseudomonas Species in the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Sivasamy Sivabalan , Rajangam Shanmuganathan , Kanagasabai Thanigaivelan , Bisht Dakshina , Prabhakaran Rajkumar , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan
Published: October 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the major environmental pollutants, produced from incomplete combustion of materials like coal, oil, gas, wood, and charbroiled meat, that contaminate the air, soil, and water, necessitating urgent remediation. Understanding the metabolic pathways for PAHs degradation is crucial to preventing environmental damage and health issues. Biological methods are gaining increasing interest due to their cost‐effectiveness and environmental friendliness. These methods are particularly suitable for remediating PAHs contamination and mitigating associated risks. The paper also outlines the processes for biodegrading PAHs, emphasizing the function of Pseudomonas spp., a kind of bacterium recognized for its capacity to degrade PAHs. To eliminate PAHs from the environment and reduce threats to human health and the environment, Pseudomonas spp. is essential. Understanding the mechanism of PAH breakdown by means of microbes could lead to effective clean‐up strategies. The review highlights the enzymatic capabilities, adaptability, and genetic versatility of the genes like nah and phn of Pseudomonas spp., which are involved in PAHs degradation pathways. Scientific evidence supports using Pseudomonas spp. as biocatalysts for PAHs clean‐up, offering cost‐effective and eco‐friendly solutions.
Holocene shoreline displacement, land‐cover change and human settlement distribution on the southeast coast of Sweden
Authors: Katrantsiotis Christos , Vinogradova Olena , Dahl Martin , Palm Veronica , Rönnby Johan , Gaillard Marie‐José , Andrén Thomas , Andrén Elinor
Published: October 2024

In this study, we investigate the interplay between relative sea‐level changes, the development of human settlements and land‐cover changes in the Västervik–Gamlebyviken region on the southeast coast of Sweden, an important archaeological area from the Mesolithic until recent times. The reconstruction of shore displacement was based on diatom analysis of radiocarbon‐dated sediment cores from three lake basins combined with previously published lake isolation data. The resulting curve was used to construct palaeogeographical maps for selected time windows. Land‐cover changes were inferred from pollen data from three lakes using the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm with its two models REVEALS and LOVE. Our data suggest that people took advantage of the land gained due to an overall fall in relative sea level from ~35 to ~3 metres above sea level (m a.s.l.) over the last 10 000 years, interrupted by periods of transgression and highstands. A sea‐level regression of ~16 m occurred between 10 000 and 8500 cal a bp followed by an ~3–4‐m sea‐level rise, reaching ~22 m a.s.l. at ~7500 cal a
bp, which corresponds to the maximum Littorina Sea shoreline in the area. The available archaeological findings for the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic (8950–5450 cal a
bp) agree well with the shore displacement curve showing that settlements and human activities were concentrated along or above the shorelines as defined from our study. During the transgression after 8500 cal a
bp, however, seasonal settlements were submerged (as shown by findings of polished stone tools and hearths buried in sand) and used again during the subsequent regression after 4600 cal a
bp. The Iron Age (2450–900 cal a
bp) corresponds partly to a highstand at ~11 m a.s.l. between 3600 and 2000 cal a
bp and partly to a rapid regression of ~8 m between 2000 and 1500 cal a
bp, and both periods coincide with known human activities along the contemporaneous shoreline. The rapid regression after 2000 cal a
bp corresponds to an increase of both regional and local landscape openness and the beginning of a continuous record of crop cultivation.
Study on the Synergistic Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy Combined With Ferroptosis Inducer to Induce Ferroptosis in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Dong Sifan , An Shiqi , Liu Qifan , Wang Xujia , Hu Yongmei , Jiang An
Published: October 2024

Background

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced lipid peroxidation reaction can lead to necrosis and apoptosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) cells, reducing the tumor load. However, the depth of action of PDT is shallow, and its therapy efficacy is weak, making it difficult to achieve eradication even with multiple treatments.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the mechanism and main pathways of ferroptosis in cholangiocarcinoma under Hematoporphyrin‐mediated photodynamic therapy, and to compare the effects of different ferroptosis inducers on photodynamic therapy‐induced ferroptosis in cholangiocarcinoma. To provide an experimental basis for selecting appropriate ferroptosis‐inducing agents and synergizing with photodynamic therapy during the clinical perioperative period.

Methods

The Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was used to examine the cytotoxicity of cholangiocarcinoma cells following PDT. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptotic cell percentage and cell cycle changes to assess the enhanced photodynamic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by different ferroptosis inducers, confocal imaging was used to de‐assay ROS content. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression of GPX4 、FSP1、ASCL4 and SLC7A11. Furthermore, a fluorescence spectrophotometric assay was used to quantify the alterations in lipid peroxides (MDA, LPO, GSH, and Fe2+).

Results

The combination of PDT with Lenvatinib or Erastin resulted in increased ROS levels, and decreased GSH content, tumor cells were inhibited in the G2 phase, and the proportion of apoptotic cells increased. Additionally, GPX4, FSP1, and SLC7A11 protein expression decreased, whereas ASCL4 increased This was accompanied by heightened levels of Fe2+, LPO, and MDA. Induction of the ferroptosis pathway was observed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PDT.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that Erastin or Lenvatinib can enhance the induction of ferroptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells by photodynamic therapy by increasing intracellular ROS and inhibiting intracellular antioxidant pathways.
Poly(3, 4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) as Promising Energy Storage Materials in Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Tianyun , Wu Jiaojiao , Ran Fen
Published: October 2024

Benefiting from the advantages of high conductivity and good electrochemical stability, the conjugated conducting polymer poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) is a promising energy storage material in zinc‐ion batteries. Zinc‐ion batteries have the advantages of high safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost, but suffer from unstable cathode material structure, poor electrical conductivity, and uncontrollable dendritic growth of zinc anodes. PEDOT, with its fast electrochemical response and wide potential window, is expected to make up for the shortcomings and enhance capacity and cycle life of zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, in this review different polymerization methods of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) as well as their structure and properties are summarized; the progress in doping strategies related to the increasing conductivity and dispersivity of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) materials is discussed; specific applications of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐based materials in anode, cathode, electrolyte, and binder of zinc‐ion batteries are explored; and the representative advancements for improving the electrochemical performance of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) in zinc‐ion batteries are emphasized. Finally, the current challenges of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) as promising materials in zinc‐ion batteries and an insight into their future research directions are pointed out.
Combined Assessment of Function and Survival to Demonstrate the Effect of Treatment on Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Germani Massimiliano , Rebollo Mesa Irene , Buchanan Tim J. , De Bruyn Steven , Gasalla Teresa , Van Tricht Hans Lieve G. , Ewen Colin , Golbe Lawrence I. , Boxer Adam , Höglinger Günter
Published: October 2024

Background

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder for which there are currently no disease‐modifying treatments. Recent trials of potential therapies had durations of 12 months, which may be insufficient because of nonrandom missingness due to death. Longer durations, incorporating PSP Rating Scale and survival, can reduce the potential for type II error. Selecting efficacy measures more sensitive to disease modification may facilitate identification of treatment effect.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the simulated phase 3 PSP trial assessing the effect of disease‐modifying intervention on a novel combined primary endpoint comprising function (PSP Rating Scale) and survival, the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival (CAFS), and to determine operating characteristics of the CAFS.

Methods

To simulate PSP progression in the trial population, we developed models of PSP Rating Scale and survival using data from published clinical studies. These models were used to define operating characteristics of the CAFS for use in a phase 3 trial.

Results

The sample size determined (N = 384; 1:1 randomization) would provide >80% power to detect significant treatment effects on the CAFS compared with placebo. The CAFS provides good operating characteristics and increased power to detect moderate treatment effects on the PSP Rating Scale. We propose a trial design allowing potential detection of treatment effects at a preplanned interim analysis after participants complete 12 months of treatment, with assessment of effects of treatment (≤24 months) on survival.

Conclusions

Use of the CAFS could provide a comprehensive and robust estimate of the clinical benefit of future therapies. © 2024 UCB. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A Homoplasmic MT‐TV Mutation Associated with Mitochondrial Inheritance of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Authors: Shi Yan , Xie Junhao , Jiang Junyi , Yan Xinyu , Chen Xuejiao , Hong Shunyan , Liu Jiyuan , Xu Guorong , Su Huizhen , Chen Wanjin , Wang Ning , Lin Xiang
Published: October 2024

Background

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is characterized by progressive lower limb weakness and spasticity, with unknown genetic cause in many cases.

Objectives

To identify novel genetic causes of HSP.

Methods

Phenotypic characterization, genetic screening, transcriptome sequencing, and peroneal nerve biopsy were conducted in a Chinese HSP family.

Results

We found a homoplasmic MT‐TV (mitochondrial tRNAVal) mutation, m.1661A > G, present in all affected individuals across four generations of a family with complex HSP. Fourth‐generation affected individuals displayed earlier onset, likely due to presumptive anticipation, and greater symptom severity, potentially caused by decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Upregulation of mitochondrial autophagy genes in these patients suggested that MT‐TV mutations could lead to reduced mtDNA copy number. Neural biopsies revealed ultrastructural abnormalities in myelin and mitochondria.

Conclusions

The rare MT‐TV m.1661A > G mutation is associated with HSP. Variations in mtDNA copy number may play a causal role in differences among clinical phenotypes. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The Association Between Urinary Incontinence With Pelvic Pain and Sensory‐Motor Function in Older Women With Stroke
Authors: Özden Fatih , Golcuk Yalcin , Karaman Özgür Nadiye , Özkeskin Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to investigate the association between urinary incontinence (UI) severity, pelvic pain, and sensory‐motor function in older women with stroke.

Methods

A cross‐sectional prospective study was carried out with 102 older women individuals with stroke. Barthel Index (BI), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form (IIQ‐7), Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6), Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ), Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SASS), and Somatic Sensitivity Scale (SeSS) were used for clinical measurements.

Results

Partial correlational analyses with age, stroke duration, and BMI as covariates revealed a moderate positive correlation between SASS and IIQ‐7 (r = 0.315, p < 0.001) and UDI‐6 (r = 0.376, p < 0.001). On the other hand, there was a strong positive correlation between SASS and PPIQ (r = 0.522, p < 0.001). SeSS had a low positive correlation with IIQ‐7 (r = 0.198, p < 0.05) and UDI‐6 (r = 0.203, p < 0.05). In addition, there was a positive and moderate correlation between SeSS and PPIQ (r = 0.384, p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed causality of SASS (R2 = 0.381, p < 0.001) and SeSS (R2 = 0.167, p < 0.001) with PPIQ.

Conclusions

Increased abnormal sensory sensitivity is associated with increased pelvic pain levels in women with stroke. Clinicians should consider sensory abnormalities, especially pain, within the scope of UI in women with stroke. Our results provide preliminary essential data for sensory and pain awareness during pelvic rehabilitation in stroke patients.
Comparing A‐mode ultrasound and computed tomography for assessing cancer‐related sarcopenia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sousa Iasmin M. , Pereira Jarson P. da Costa , Rüegg Rodrigo A. B. , Calado Guilherme C. F. , Xavier Jadson G. , Bennemann Nithaela A. , do Nascimento Maria K. , Fayh Ana P. T.
Published: October 2024

Background

A‐mode ultrasound (US) is a potential method for directly measuring muscle thickness in patients with cancer, but its utility remains underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using A‐mode US to assess muscle thickness, compare it with computed tomography (CT)–derived results, and assess its ability to diagnose sarcopenia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted with hospitalized patients with cancer. Muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) was derived from CT scans. Biceps muscle thickness (BMT) and thigh muscle thickness (TMT) by A‐mode US were assessed. BMT + TMT were also combined as an additional phenotype. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength (HGS) test. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass (CT‐ and US‐derived) + low HGS.

Results

We included 120 patients (53.3% women, 45% older adults, and 85.8% with disease stages III–IV). TMT alone and the combined approach (BMT + TMT) were weak and positively correlated and significantly associated with muscle CSA, explaining 35% of CSA variability (R2 = 0.35). TMT individual and combined with BMT exhibited the highest accuracy for men (area under the curve >0.70). Sarcopenia diagnosed by BMT + TMT exhibited the highest frequency (34%) and moderate agreement with CT‐derived sarcopenia (κ = 0.48).

Conclusion

A‐mode US has the potential to be a feasible tool for diagnosing sarcopenia in clinical practice at the bedside for patients with cancer despite the need for further improvements in the tool's accuracy. Our main findings suggest that combining measurements of BMT and TMT may enhance its clinical significance in diagnosing sarcopenia.
Macrocycle Unidirectional Transport Along a Linear Molecule by a Two‐Step Chemical Reaction Sequence
Authors: Catalán Aldo C. , Peña‐Zarate Lucio , Cervantes Ruy , Vela Alberto , Tiburcio Jorge
Published: October 2024

Chemical systems displaying directional motions are relevant to the operation of artificial molecular machines. Herein we present the functioning of a molecule capable of transporting a cyclic species in a preferential direction. Our system is based on a linear, non‐symmetric, positively charged molecule. This cation integrates into its structure two different reactive regions. On one side features a bulky ester group that can be exchanged by a smaller substituent; the other extreme contains an acid/base responsive moiety that plays a dual role, as part of the recognition motif and as a terminal group. In the acidic state, a dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 ether slides into the linear component attracted by the positively charged recognition site. It does this selectively through the extreme that contains the azepanium group, since the other side is sterically hindered. After base addition, intermolecular interactions are lost; however, the macrocycle is unable to escape from the linear component since the energy barrier to slide over the neutral azepane is too large. Therefore, a metastable mechanically interlocked molecule is formed. A second reaction, now on the ester functionality, exchanges the bulky mesityl for a methyl group, small enough to allow macrocycle dissociation, completing the directional transit of the ring along the track.
The association between cyber victimization and social anxiety: A three‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Siting , Zhang Qi , Ran Guangming , Zhang Qiongzhi , Ren Jing
Published: October 2024

Cyber victimization is a growing global concern, impacting both the physical and mental well‐being of individuals. Some empirical studies have declared that cyber victimization is considered as an important factor in the emergence of symptoms of social anxiety. Whereas other studies still show inconsistency regarding the relationship. According to the PRISMA method, the present study used a three‐level meta‐analysis to obtain reliable estimates of effect sizes and examined a range of moderators. Based on 43 studies, a total of 115 effect sizes and 41,313 participants were retrieved through systematic literature searches. The meta‐analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between cyber victimization and social anxiety. Furthermore, significant moderating effects were found in the study. The correlation is stronger between cyber victimization and social anxiety in children compared to adolescents. Additionally, victims exhibited heightened fear of negative evaluation from peers (FNE) among significant social anxiety variables. Notably, effect sizes were significantly larger when social anxiety was assessed using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SASA), as opposed to the Social Anxiety Scale for Children‐Revised (SASC‐R). The current findings contribute to a deeper understanding and underscore the importance of personalized interventions aimed at mitigating cyber victimization and preventing social anxiety.
Kinetic, Spectral and Mechanistic Regularities of New Reaction Systems With Chromogenic SN2‐Type Reaction for Detection of Epoxy Compounds
Authors: Charyarov Anton , Bakhtin Stanislav
Published: October 2024

New reaction systems “oxirane – nucleophile X– – proton‐donor reagent AH – solvent” have been proposed for the detection of epoxides in which nucleophilic opening of the oxirane ring occurs accompanied by the formation of a colored product. The kinetic and mechanistic regularities of reactions in the proposed systems were investigated. Reaction orders with respect to the components of the systems have been determined: close to 1 – for oxirane and X−, close to 0 – for AH. It was shown that the proposed chromogenic reactions represent nucleophilic substitution of SN2‐type and allow the detection of epoxides containing both a terminal and internal epoxy group, which can be used to monitor processes in systems where epoxides are either the initial compounds or the synthesis products. Based on the conducted studies, it is possible to develop methods for the quantitative determination of epoxides using kinetic methods of analysis and UV–visible spectroscopy.
Tethered heme domains in a triheme cytochrome allow for increased electron transport distances
Authors: Nash Benjamin W. , Fernandes Tomás M. , Burton Joshua A. J. , Morgado Leonor , van Wonderen Jessica H. , Svistunenko Dimitri A. , Edwards Marcus J. , Salgueiro Carlos A. , Butt Julea N. , Clarke Thomas A.
Published: October 2024

Decades of research describe myriad redox enzymes that contain cofactors arranged in tightly packed chains facilitating rapid and controlled intra‐protein electron transfer. Many such enzymes participate in extracellular electron transfer (EET), a process which allows microorganisms to conserve energy in anoxic environments by exploiting mineral oxides and other extracellular substrates as terminal electron acceptors. In this work, we describe the properties of the triheme cytochrome PgcA from Geobacter sulfurreducens. PgcA has been shown to play an important role in EET but is unusual in containing three CXXCH heme binding motifs that are separated by repeated (PT)x motifs, suggested to enhance binding to mineral surfaces. Using a combination of structural, electrochemical, and biophysical techniques, we experimentally demonstrate that PgcA adopts numerous conformations stretching as far as 180 Å between the ends of domains I and III, without a tightly packed cofactor chain. Furthermore, we demonstrate a distinct role for its domain III as a mineral reductase that is recharged by domains I and II. These findings show PgcA to be the first of a new class of electron transfer proteins, with redox centers separated by some nanometers but tethered together by flexible linkers, facilitating electron transfer through a tethered diffusion mechanism rather than a fixed, closely packed electron transfer chain.
The V410L kdr allele in the VGSC confers higher levels of field resistance to permethrin in urban mosquito populations of Aedes aegypti (L.)
Authors: Hernandez Jonathan R , Lee Han‐Jung , Vigilant Maximea E , Crawford Scott , Pietrantonio Patricia V
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Females of Aedes aegypti transmit emerging arboviruses including Zika, dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. Control of these adult mosquitoes heavily relies on synthetic insecticides, including pyrethroids. However, insecticide resistance development in populations poses a significant challenge to vector control, particularly from knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC), the target of pyrethroids. This study investigated the field efficacy of Permanone, a pyrethroid‐based insecticide, against Ae. aegypti by assessing the impact of three common kdr mutations (V410L, V1016I, F1534C) on mosquito survival under a real operational mosquito control scenario, by quantifying the pesticide delivered in the field.

RESULTS

Field cage tests (FCTs) were conducted while conducting a realistic mosquito control application. Female mosquitoes from six operational areas from Harris County, TX, USA were exposed to Permanone delivered with a handheld sprayer. Permanone deposited near the cages was estimated from aluminum boats placed in the field during FCTs using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Mortality rates were recorded, and individual mosquitoes were genotyped for kdr mutations. A probit regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing mosquito survivorship. As the distance from the application source route increased, the amount of Permanone deposited decreased, resulting in higher survivorship frequency of Ae. aegypti females with the triple‐resistant kdr genotype (LL/II/CC). The L allele at the 410‐site significantly contributed to an increased resistance level when co‐occurring with other kdr mutations.

CONCLUSION

This study linked the survival probabilities of mosquitoes with different kdr genotypes, and the amount of pesticide they received in the field. Pesticide quantification, control efficacy results and genotyping allowed us to empirically determine the impact of genotypic resistance on vector control in the field. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
High‐Resolution Thermal Sensing Using Temperature‐Sensitive Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy in Nitrogen‐Doped Nanodiamonds
Authors: Sáenz de Santa María Modroño Pablo , Girard Hugues A. , Arnault Jean‐Charles , Jacopin Gwénolé
Published: October 2024

The evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectra from commercially available nanodiamonds with high density of nitrogen‐vacancy defects has been studied in a large wavelength range, from 200 to 800 nm, and temperatures from 5 to 300 K, in order to achieve a temperature probe with high spatial resolution. The full width at half maximum of the peak associated to the neutral charge state of the NV center has been found to evolve with temperature in a predictable way, although its value may vary from sample to sample. We have attributed this shift to the differences in the nanodiamonds surface chemistry.
Evaluating Ecosystem Services Incorporation in River Policy: A Multidimensional Framework Applied to China's River Chief System
Authors: Liu Yarui , Xue Xinghua , Gilvear David J.
Published: October 2024

This study develops a comprehensive evaluation framework to assess the incorporation of river ecosystem services (ESs) into policy content, focusing on China's River Chief System (RCS) policy. The framework introduces a quantitative tool that bridges the gap between policy formulation evaluation and policy effect evaluation by integrating a hierarchical indicator system, reference values, and a method for quantifying ES incorporation. Key findings from 32 province‐level RCS policy documents revealed selective incorporation of certain ES indicators, significant mismatches between policy focus and the typical structure of river ESs, and notable regional disparities. Provisioning services (i.e., water supply) and regulating services (i.e., pollution mitigation) are prioritized, while critical regulating services (e.g., flood mitigation and habitat maintenance) and cultural services (e.g., education and science) are underrepresented. Stakeholder and relationship indicators are limited, primarily focusing on managers and spatial relationships, while the value of river ESs is largely ignored. Policy optimization should emphasize expanding the coverage of ESs, incorporating broader stakeholder involvement, and integrating financial incentives. Drawing on international river policies, policymakers could create a more flexible and adaptive river governance structure. While the study offers a quantitative framework for policy evaluation, it acknowledges limitations, including reliance on textual data and potential biases in the reference values. Future research should include stakeholder perspectives and dynamically adjust reference values as new data become available.
2D versus 3D‐Like Electrical Behavior of MXene Thin Films: Insights from Weak Localization in the Role of Thickness, Interflake Coupling and Defects
Authors: Tangui Sophia , Hurand Simon , Aljasmi Rashed , Benmoumen Ayoub , David Marie‐Laure , Moreau Philippe , Morisset Sophie , Célérier Stéphane , Mauchamp Vincent
Published: October 2024

MXenes stand out from other 2D materials because they combine very good electrical conductivity with hydrophilicity, allowing cost‐effective processing as thin films. Therefore, there is a high fundamental interest in unraveling the electronic transport mechanisms at stake in multilayers of the most conducting MXene, Ti3C2Tx. Although weak localization (WL) has been proposed as the dominating low‐temperature (LT) transport mechanism in Ti3C2Tx thin films, there have been few attempts to model it quantitatively. In this work, the role of important structural parameters – thickness, interflake coupling, defects – on the dimensionality of the LT transport mechanisms in spin‐coated Ti3C2Tx thin films is investigated through LT and magnetic field dependent resistivity measurements. A dimensional crossover from 2D to 3D WL is clearly evidenced when the film thickness exceeds the dephasing length lϕ, estimated here in the 50–100 nm range. 2D WL can be restored by weakening the coupling between adjacent flakes, the intrinsic thickness of which is lower than lϕ, hence acting as parallel 2D conductors. Alternatively, lϕ can be reduced down to the 10 nm range by defects. These results clearly emphasize the ability of WL quantitative study to give deep insights in the physics of electron transport in MXene thin films.
Squeezable Hydrogel Microparticles for Single Extracellular Vesicle Protein Profiling
Authors: Roh Yoon Ho , Morales Renee‐Tyler T. , Huynh Emily , Chintapula Uday , Reynolds David E. , Agosto‐Nieves Renis J. , Oh Daniel , Seiner Akari J. , Lim Jianhua , Rodell Christopher B. , Ko Jina
Published: October 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising for molecular diagnostics, but current analyses are limited by the rarity and compositional heterogeneity of EV protein expression. Therefore, single EV profiling methods require high sensitivity, multiplexing, and throughput to address these issues. Here a single EV analysis technique that utilizes squeezable methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel microparticles (MHPs) is described as a scaffold to immobilize EVs and perform an integrated rolling circle amplification (RCA) assay for an ultra‐sensitive and multiplex analysis of single EV proteins. EVs are prepared into MHPs in a high‐throughput manner with droplet microfluidics and optimally labeled with antibody‐oligonucleotide conjugates in MHPs without steric limitations. By designing MHPs with high compressibility, single EV protein signals are amplified as RCA products that can be aligned on the same plane by physically squeezing MHPs and visualized with low magnification. This method provides a simple and scalable single EV imaging analysis pipeline for identifying multiplex marker expression patterns from single EVs. For validation, the single EV heterogeneity of highly expressed cancer cell markers is profiled across different cancer cell lines. These findings exemplify squeezable MHPs as a robust platform with high sensitivity, multiplexing, and scalability for resolving single EV heterogeneity and advancing molecular assay technologies.
Synergistic Passivation of Bulk and Interfacial Defects Improves Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Khamgaonkar Saikiran S. , Leudjo Taka Anny , Maheshwari Vivek
Published: October 2024

Defects both in bulk and at the interfaces serve as charge trapping sites for nonradiative recombination and as ion migration pathways, resulting in degradation of perovskite solar cell efficiency and stability. In this work, a strategy for simultaneous passivation of both bulk and interfacial defects is reported. For bulk passivation polystyrene (PS) is used as an additive in the perovskite precursor which reduces the structural defects by forming larger defect‐free grains. While the F‐PEAI cation is used to passivate the interfacial defects, present at both perovskite HTL/ETL interfaces. Furthermore, by conducting control measurements with just bulk modification (PS), just interface modification (F‐PEAI), and a combination of both, the role of individual defect passivation strategies is decoupled. As a result of simultaneous bulk as well as interfacial passivation, the modified perovskite solar cell shows the highest efficiency of 22.32% with a high Voc of 1.14 V and fill factor of 80%. Moreover, the cells have excellent stability retaining 92% and 99% of their initial efficiency after 1008 h and 560 h under ISOS‐ D1 and D2 storage conditions. These results highlight the importance of simultaneous bulk and interfacial passivation for improving solar cell efficiency and stability.
Collaborating with external partners for student success at small institutions
Authors: Shaw Jen Day , Carney‐Hall Karla
Published: October 2024

Small institutions must be agile and creative in successfully sustaining and expanding in today's higher education climate. Collaborating with external partners is an excellent choice for small institutions whose funding and staffing are limited. Our intention with this article is to focus on collaboration with external partners including parents/family, alumni, businesses, and others, sharing best practices, impact on student success, and additional information to help a wide variety of colleagues who work at small institutions. Our hope is that this article will give readers some practical ideas for implementing and expanding partnerships to benefit the small institution. Benefits may include marketing reach, brand management, revenue generation, and expanded opportunities for students, enhanced services, and more.
Optimization of Barrier Properties of PLA/PBAT Polymers in Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Xinyu Wang , Qifeng Chen
Published: October 2024

Despite its popularity as a bio‐based biodegradable material, polylactic acid (PLA) has a number of shortcomings. Nevertheless, the combination of poly(butylene adipate co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) to enhance the mechanical properties of PLA was achieved through the utilisation of PLA/PBAT/TPS ternary composites, which were created through the calendering method. These composites exhibit advantageous characteristics, including high ductility, enhanced toughness, and biodegradability. The results of the water vapour permeability test indicate that the proportion of the material composition exhibiting the lowest value of water vapour permeability is 2.0571 g/m²·24h. The results of the water vapour transmission test demonstrate that the material generated by the composition ratio has the lowest water vapour transmission, indicating that the composite material blending effect is superior. The majority of current research employs nanocellulose as a substrate in PLA, with a paucity of studies investigating its use in PLA/PBAT/TPS composites. These composites are modified due to the notable divergence of nanocellulose from the hydrophobicity of the composite and its susceptibility to decomposition at elevated temperatures. This study establishes a foundation for future research in this field.
Experimentally Verified Retrofit Combining Hybrid Solutions for Enhancing the Seismic Response of Multistory RC Structures
Authors: Joseph Roshen , Mwafy Aman , Alam M. Shahria
Published: October 2024

This experimental and numerical study proposes hybrid retrofit alternatives involving multiple contemporary techniques to upgrade the fundamental seismic response characteristics of multistory reinforced concrete frame (MSRCF) structures. The impact of thin high‐performance reinforced concrete (HPRC) jackets on the concrete framing system's seismic response is first investigated through shake table testing (STT). The performance of the HPRC‐retrofitted frame is then compared with another STT campaign conducted for fabric‐reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM)–retrofitted frame. The STT results indicated that at the same input ground motion intensity that caused failure for the FRCM‐retrofitted frame, the curvature ductility and interstory drift ratio of the HPRC‐retrofitted specimen were reduced by 79% and 87%, respectively. Upon verifying the fiber‐based modeling technique of HPRC and FRCM alternatives through STT, the study probabilistically assesses the seismic performance of a benchmark MSRCF building considering different hybrid retrofit alternatives by combining each technique with a self‐centering energy dissipation (SCED) bracing system. Following a systematic seismic assessment framework, it is concluded that the performance‐cost index of the less disruptive HPRC‐SCED option exceeded that of the FRCM‐SCED by 36%, confirming its preference among the considered alternatives for upgrading the seismic response of MSRCF deficient in stiffness, strength, and ductility.
Exploration of Some Nutrient Absorption–Related Genes and Intestinal Histology in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) Throughout Their Productive Lifespan
Authors: Rafieian‐Naeini Hamid Reza , Zhandi Mahdi , Taghipour‐Shahbandi Maryam , Sabzian Amir Reza , Yousefi Ali Reza , Khajehnabi Mahboubeh , Kim Woo Kyun
Published: October 2024

Background

Quail is an efficient poultry species known for many years, and its productivity is highly affected by gastrointestinal function, health, digestion and commensal bacteria. Specific histological parameters and nutrient absorption–related genes could be used to study intestinal functionality and efficiency.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA abundance of nutrient absorption–related genes and intestinal histology changes in laying Japanese quail during productive lifespan.

Methods

A total of 135 quails from a commercial flock at different egg production periods (early production [EP, 6 weeks of age], pick production [PP, 21 weeks of age] and post pick production [PPP, 40 weeks of age]) were randomly selected (n = 45/group) and kept for 6 weeks. Production performance was evaluated during last 2 weeks of the experimental period, and tissue samples were taken from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum for histological analysis and mRNA abundance purposes at the end of the experiment. The mRNA abundance of the CALB1, SGLT1, SGLT5, EAAT3 and NaPi‐IIb genes were compared among groups.

Results

Production period did not affect the eggshell thickness, goblet cell number and mRNA abundance of CALB1, EAAT3 and NaPi‐IIb (p > 0.05). The PPP quails had the highest egg weight and FCR compared to EP and PP quails (p < 0.001). Egg production and egg mass of the EP and PP quails were higher than those of PPP quails (p < 0.001). Moreover, EP quails had the highest villus height (VH)/crypt depth (CD) ratio in the duodenum and jejunum and the lowest VH:CD in the ileum compared with the PPP quails (p < 0.01). The lowest SGLT1 mRNA abundance was noted in the PP quails, whereas EP quails had the highest SGLT5 mRNA abundance (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In conclusion, although histology parameter changes were in‐line with the lowest performance observed in the PPP quails, the current results failed to show a relationship between mRNA abundance changes and production performance attributes at different productive lifespans.