bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS OF CLUSTERING PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING META-HEURISTIC TECHNIQUES
Authors: Antoshchuk Svitlana G. , Shashi Sharma Bhushan , Shamin Igor I.
Published: March 2020

Energy efficiency and prolonging the lifetime is a central issue in wireless sensor network. Clustering methods using meta-heuristic techniques are widely used to address this issue. Besides clustering, meta-heuristic techniques have been also applied to address several other key issues pertaining to WSN such as node deployment, coverage, optimal sensor deployment, topologycontrol, scheduling etc. These problems are formulated as single/multi T objective optimization problems. The overall objectives of the optimization are to minimize energy consumption and maximize the lifetime of the network. The article presents a mathematical formulation of a generic multi-objective optimization problems related to clustering. A generalized modelof meta-heuristic based clustering is proposed for its solution, taking into account the features of the WSN. The feature of the model comprises functional multi-purpose clustering quality assessment that takes into account the characteristics of spatial distribution and compactness of sensors, parameters of individual sensors and network characteristics. The article also gives a brief overview of different approaches to clustering methods. A comparative analysis of the improved protocols for heterogeneous WSN has been carried out, which showed the advantages of the proposed solutions.
THE APPLICATION OF CORRELATION FUNCTION IN FORECASTING STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
Authors: Tran Kim Thanh , Tran The Vinh
Published: March 2020

One of the most important applications of the correlation function is establishing a prediction model for stochastic process. Stationary property makes predicting the stochastic process entirely possible based on the correlation function. This predictive model is interested in cases, where the observation data are assumed to have no measurement errors. We provided some processing to make the forecasting model usable. It is proposed to calculate the value of the standardized correlation function in accordance with the actual observed sample and to estimate the necessary values of averaged correlation function that they cannot be calculated from the sample. We replaced the unknown values by their estimates, which we found using one of the predictive tools suitable for the time series. Theoretically, for the stationary stochastic processes, the correlation function and the standardized correlation function depend only on the time distance between two sections, without depending on the specific time value of eachsection. However, in this application, when we consider an observation process to be a stationary stochastic process, it means that we have approximated this observation process with a stationary stochastic process. Therefore, when calculating for a specific observation sample, the values of the sample correlation function and the sample standardized correlation function between two sections can fluctuate according to time values of each section, although time distance between two sections unchanged. The sample standardized correlation function of a section has been computed as the arithmetic mean of all values of the sample standardized correlation function between two sections. In this article, the prediction model is linear interpolation and extrapolation model and it is obtained by least squares method. The task for application of this model is to give the highest indexes of daily average temperature in July during last three years 2017-2019in some localities in northern Vietnam using this forecasting model. The data has been compiled from the data source of the General Department of Meteorology and Hydrology of Vietnam. For processes occurring in the atmosphere and hydrosphere, their hypothesis of stationarity is relatively well satisfied in a time and distance that is not very large. Because of that, we selected the aforementioned data set to apply to the forecasting model. The calculation results are obtained by Matlab software.
Sexual Selection Does Not Increase the Rate of Compensatory Adaptation to a Mutation Influencing a Secondary Sexual Trait inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chandler Christopher H , Mammel Anna , Dworkin Ian
Published: March 2020

Theoretical work predicts that sexual selection can enhance natural selection, increasing the rate of adaptation to new environments and helping purge harmful mutations. While some experiments support these predictions, remarkably little work has addressed the role of sexual selection on compensatory adaptation—populations’ ability to compensate for the costs of deleterious alleles that are already present. We tested whether sexual selection, as well as the degree of standing genetic variation, affect the rate of compensatory evolution via phenotypic suppression in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. These populations were fixed for a spontaneous mutation causing mild abnormalities in the male sex comb, a structure important for mating success. We fine-mapped this mutation to an ∼85 kb region on the X chromosome containing three candidate genes, showed that the mutation is deleterious, and that its phenotypic expression and penetrance vary by genetic background. We then performed experimental evolution, including a treatment where opportunity for mate choice was limited by experimentally enforced monogamy. Although evolved populations did show some phenotypic suppression of the morphological abnormalities in the sex comb, the amount of suppression did not depend on the opportunity for sexual selection. Sexual selection, therefore, may not always enhance natural selection; instead, the interaction between these two forces may depend on additional factors.
Accurate Genomic Predictions for Chronic Wasting Disease in U.S. White-Tailed Deer
Authors: Seabury Christopher M , Oldeschulte David L , Bhattarai Eric K , Legare Dhruti , Ferro Pamela J , Metz Richard P , Johnson Charles D , Lockwood Mitchell A , Nichols Tracy A
Published: March 2020

The geographic expansion of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in U.S. white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has been largely unabated by best management practices, diagnostic surveillance, and depopulation of positive herds. Using a custom Affymetrix Axiom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, we demonstrate that both differential susceptibility to CWD, and natural variation in disease progression, are moderately to highly heritable (h2=0.337±0.079─0.637±0.070) among farmed U.S. white-tailed deer, and that loci other than PRNP are involved. Genome-wide association analyses using 123,987 quality filtered SNPs for a geographically diverse cohort of 807 farmed U.S. white-tailed deer (n = 284 CWD positive; n = 523 CWD non-detect) confirmed the prion gene (PRNP; G96S) as a large-effect risk locus (P-value < 6.3E-11), as evidenced by the estimated proportion of phenotypic variance explained (PVE ≥ 0.05), but also demonstrated that more phenotypic variance was collectively explained by loci other than PRNP. Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP; n = 123,987 SNPs) with k-fold cross validation (k = 3; k = 5) and random sampling (n = 50 iterations) for the same cohort of 807 farmed U.S. white-tailed deer produced mean genomic prediction accuracies ≥ 0.81; thereby providing the necessary foundation for exploring a genomically-estimated CWD eradication program.
TheGossypium longicalyxGenome as a Resource for Cotton Breeding and Evolution
Authors: Grover Corrinne E , Pan Mengqiao , Yuan Daojun , Arick Mark A , Hu Guanjing , Brase Logan , Stelly David M , Lu Zefu , Schmitz Robert J , Peterson Daniel G , Wendel Jonathan F , Udall Joshua A
Published: March 2020

Cotton is an important crop that has made significant gains in production over the last century. Emerging pests such as the reniform nematode have threatened cotton production. The rare African diploid species Gossypium longicalyx is a wild species that has been used as an important source of reniform nematode immunity. While mapping and breeding efforts have made some strides in transferring this immunity to the cultivated polyploid species, the complexities of interploidal transfer combined with substantial linkage drag have inhibited progress in this area. Moreover, this species shares its most recent common ancestor with the cultivated A-genome diploid cottons, thereby providing insight into the evolution of long, spinnable fiber. Here we report a newly generated de novo genome assembly of G. longicalyx. This high-quality genome leveraged a combination of PacBio long-read technology, Hi-C chromatin conformation capture, and BioNano optical mapping to achieve a chromosome level assembly. The utility of the G. longicalyx genome for understanding reniform immunity and fiber evolution is discussed.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING IN MANAGEMENT OF LABORATORIUM SUBJECT
Authors: Sartika Rody Putra
Published: March 2020

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH MANAJEMEN LABORATORIUMAbstractConceptual understanding was one of cognitive aspect which ensure success rate of students. If conceptual understanding of students was good, students would been successful in following the course. The main goal of this study was to describe conceptual understanding of prospective student teacher after being taught using Problem based learning model. One shot case study design was chosen as research design. The research population for this study comprised all the second year students of chemistry education program which consisted of three classes. according to saturated sampling, all the members  of population were selected as samples. they consisted of 71 students overall. Achievement Test was used to collect data. It was given to students to examine students’ conceptual understanding. Data were then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results from this study showed that students’ conceptual understanding was in various rates. As many as 55 %, 15%, 3% and 27 % of students were classified as poor, fair, good, and very good respectively.AbstrakPemahaman konsep merupakan salah satu aspek kognitif yang menentukan tingkat keberhasilan peserta didik setelah melaksanakan proses pembelajaran. Jika pemahaman konsep yang dimiliki baik, maka peserta didik tersebut telah berhasil secara kognitif di dalam melewati proses pembelajaran. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep MAHASISWA setelah diajar menggunakan model problem based learning (PBL). Bentuk   penelitian ini adalah pra-eksperimetal dengan rancangan the one-shot case study. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Kimia universitas Tanjungpura semester II yang terdiri atas 3 kelas. Teknik pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sampling jenuh, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 71 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan  data  yang digunakan untuk menelaah masalah tersebut dilakukan melalui pengukuran dengan instrumen tes hasil belajar digunakan untuk mengukur pemahaman konsep mahasiswa. Deskripsi pemahaman konsep calon guru kimia diketahui dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh pemahaman konsep calon guru kimia setelah diajarkan menggunakan model PBL pada mata kuliah Manajemen Laboratorium diperoleh sebanyak 55% dengan kategori sangat kurang, 15% dengan kategori kurang, 3% dengan kategori baik, dan 27% dengan kategori sangat baik.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL MODELS TEST ON HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
Authors: Priyadi Rian , Diantoro Markus , Parno Parno
Published: March 2020

PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN MODEL MENTAL PADA TOPIK SUHU DAN KALORAbstrakKami telah mengembangkan tes sebagai analisis model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian pengembangan ini didasarkan pada pentingnya mengetahui tingkatan model mental siswa. Model mental merupakan representasi internal siswa dalam memahami sebuah konsep.  Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D. Produk yang dihasilkan merupakan instrumen analisis model mental berupa soal terbuka.  Selanjutnya, instrumen tes model mental diujicobakan kepada responden (N=90) untuk mengukur validitas dan reliabilitas. Tes yang telah dikembangkan terdiri dari 8 soal dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,667. Berdasarkan analisis data, instrumen tes model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor layak digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian. AbstractWe have developed test inventory as an analysis of mental models on heat and temperature topics. This development research based on the importance of knowing the level of students' mental models. The mental models are a student’s internal representation of understanding a concept. This study uses a 4-D model. The product being produced is a mental model analysis consists of open-ended questions. Furthermore, mental models test were tested on respondents (N = 90) to measure the validity and reliability. The test that has been developed consists of 8 questions with a value of reliability is 0.667. Based on data analysis, the test of mental models on heat and temperature topics is feasible to use as an assessment instrument.
WHICH ONE IS BETTER HANDS ON OR PHET SIMULATION ON HARMONIC OSCILLATION
Authors: Malik Adam , Khasanah Uswatun , Agustina Rena Denya , Zakwandi Rizki
Published: March 2020

MANA YANG LEBIH BAIK EKSPERIMEN ATAU SIMULASI PHET PADA GERAK HARMONIK AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mana yang lebik baik antara keterlaksanaan pembelajaran pendekatan saintifik kelas yang menggunakan hand on berupa media KIT dengan simulasi PhET dan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa diantara kedua kelas tersebut pada getaran harmonis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi-experiment dengan desain randomized pretest-posttest comparison group. Populasi penelitian adalah kelas X MIA di MAN Cimahi. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MIA 1 yang menggunakan hand on berupa media KIT dan kelas X MIA 3 yang menggunakan simulasi PhET. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik random sampling dengan jumlah siswa masing-masing 35 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran pendekatan saintifik dan peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa di kelas yang menggunakan hand on berupa media KIT lebih baik dibandingkan simulasi PhET. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan pembelajaran pendekatan saintifik yang menggunakan hand on berupa media KIT lebih baik dibandingkan simulasi PhET.dalam pelaksanaan maupun dalam meningkatkan hasil kognitif siswa pada getaran harmonis. Dengan demikian, penggunaan media KIT dan simulasi PhET dapat diimplementasikan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada topik fisika lainnya.AbstractThis study aims to determine which is better between the implementation of classroom scientific approach that uses hand-on in the form of KIT media with PhET simulations and improvement of students' cognitive learning outcomes between the two classes on harmonic oscillation. The method used in this study is a quasi-experiment with a randomized pretest-posttest comparison group design. The study population is class X MIA at MAN Cimahi. The sample of the research is class X MIA 1 students who use hand on KIT media and class X MIA 3 using PhET simulations. Samples were selected by random sampling technique with 35 students each. The results showed the implementation of the scientific approach to learning and the improvement of cognitive learning outcomes of students in the classroom using hand-on in the form of KIT media is better than the PhET simulation. It can be concluded that learning a scientific approach that uses hand-on in the form of KIT media is better than a PhET simulation. Both in implementation and in improving students' cognitive outcomes in harmonic oscillation. Thus, the use of KIT media and PhET simulations can be implemented to improve student cognitive learning outcomes on other physics topics.
RECONSTRUCTING THE SCIENCE LEARNING MATERIAL CONTAINING NATURE OF ‎SCIENCE ON THE TOPIC OF GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Tobing Yulius Lumban , Mudzakir Ahmad
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to obtain a pre-conception of learners and scientists perspective on the concept of climate change, global warming and relations between them; know the characteristics of teaching materials; and find an expert assessment of the design of instructional materials. The method used in this study is a mixed methods using sequential eksploratorisdesign by adapting the Model of Educational Reconstruction(MER). Instruments are interview form, text analysis sheet, validation indicators sheet and cognitive aspects of learning objectives and affective aspects, validation concept analysis sheet, validation design teaching materials sheet, readability test and scientific literacy test. Results of interviews to 10 junior high school students showed a pre-conception of learners with different perspectives of scientists on global warming and climate change. Characteristics of teaching material produced are (a) developed accordance reflection of learners pre-conceptions and the scientist's perspective (b) accessible, (c) equipped with aspects of nature of science (NOS), and (d) using a sequence of teaching and learning of Science and Technology Literacy (STL) by adopting a learning phase Chemie im a Context (ChiK). The results of the validation of teaching materials to obtain an average value of CVI is 0,99. Results of the questionnaire responses obtain an average value of 4.46, while the test results showed therewere also significantly differences in the value of literacy students between before with after studying the teaching materials (p=0,00). Keywords: Teaching Material; Nature of Science; and Model of Educational Reconstruction
GAPS IN ANTI-CORRUPTION LEGISLATION UKRAINE AND THEIR IMPACT
ON FIGHTING CORRUPTION IN MEDICAL FIELD SPHERE
Authors: Kushch O. Ye.
Published: March 2020

The article explores the peculiarities of administrative liability for corruption offenses established by the Code of Administrative Offenses. Taking into account the material examined, it is concluded that there are some clear shortcomings in the legal regulation of these issues, which is unacceptable in the context of increasing attention to the fight against corruption. Attention is drawn to the offense of breaking restrictions on compatibility and reconciliation with other activities. The composition of this offense is disclosed, particular issues of its elements, such as the objective and subjective side, are emphasized. Case law on this category of administrative offenses, including in the medical field, is being investigated. Such qualifying feature as the repeated commission of the analyzed offense is subjected to detailed analysis, and arguments are given about particular problems of its application. So, it is argued and confirmed by the case-law that a mandatory element of the subjective party, in addition to blame, should be present and the purpose – to obtain benefits. In analyzing such an element of the objective side of Article 172-4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses as engaging in business activities, the approximate concepts, in particular the presence of registration as an individual entrepreneur, are considered. Such qualifying feature as the repeated commission of the analyzed offense is subjected to detailed analysis, and arguments are given about particular problems of its application. Since the grounds for termination of the civil service are, in particular, the entry into force of a court decision to hold a civil servant liable to administrative liability for corruption-related offenses, we can say that it is preferable to involve a person in such a position for re-committing the analyzed violation, whose stay does not contain any administrative restriction on corruption-related offenses. It is the author’s opinion that the assignment of activity to medical practice should be carried out on the basis of clearly established its features, fixed at the level of regulatory legal acts. Specific proposals were made to improve the legislation on the issues analyzed.
THE PRINCIPLE OF THE RULE OF LAW AS A UNIVERSAL BASIS
FOR ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE
Authors: Melnyk-Tomenko Zh. M.
Published: March 2020

In the article, on the basis of a generalized analysis of scientific and non-fiction sources, the content of the principle of the rule oflaw as a basis of administrative justice is determined. It is emphasized that the rule of law is one of the fundamental “pillars” of the systemof principles of the administrative process, its foundation. Its prominent role for the administrative process, including its reflectionand consolidation in the provisions of the Code of Administrative Justice of Ukraine. The breadth and ambiguity in the views on thiscategory make it possible to single out several interpretations of the rule of law in domestic legal (including administrative) doctrine.
As a result, the author stated that the principle of the rule of law, as a universal basis of administrative justice, is the initial, fundamentalbasis of the administrative process, according to which the administrative court in the decision of the case proceeds from thefact that the law is “higher” than the law, and administrative-processual relations as a whole are built on the formula: a person, his lifeand health, honor and dignity, integrity and security are recognized in Ukraine as the highest social value.
It is emphasized that the principle of the rule of law, now among the general characteristics, is a certain set of guidelines andrequirements for administrative justice, formulated by the European Court of Human Rights, including the principle of accessibilityof justice, legality, legal certainty, prohibition of arbitrariness, observance of human rights non-discrimination and equality before thelaw and the court, etc. It is noted that the principle of the rule of law is not limited to these requirements and characteristics, since theEuropean Court of Human Rights systematically enriches its value with new permanent features and conditions of adherence in specificcases (including those to which Ukraine is a party).
ON THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN ENSURING EFFECTIVE DEFENSE
IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE PRACTICE
OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Motoryhina M. H.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the issues on ensuring effective defense in criminal proceedings. Analysis of international legal documents, generalization of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights give grounds to divide international legal standards, that have been formed to facilitate the enforcement of the right to defense, into the following groups: 1) standards designed to facilitate the effectiveness of the defense by the accused him- or herself; 2) standards facilitating effective defense by the defense counsel; 3) standards, the adoption of which contributes to the effective defense maintained by the defense (when the defense is conducted jointly by the accused and the defense counsel) 4) standards that contain requirements for the state or its bodies and compel them to ensure the possibility of effective defense.
The latter group of standards is important among others because the conduct of defense seems impossible without imposing certain requirements on the state and its bodies, and fixed guarantees of effective defense will turn into a declaration.
The study of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on maintaining effective defense in criminal proceedings allows us to state the lack of unity in its legal positions, since the issue of the effectiveness of ensuring the human right to defense in criminal proceedings depends on the specific circumstances of the case. The court notes that, on the one hand, the state can only intervene in the activities of defense counsel within the limits of public interests, given the independent nature of the legal profession. On the other hand, it cannot stand aside in the event of the discovery of violations of the standards for the conduct of defense in criminal proceedings, which assigns it a special role in maintaining effective defense for the suspect, the accused in criminal proceedings.
Based on the analysis of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, standards are identified that contain requirements for the state or its bodies and compel them to ensure the possibility of effective defense: 1) the obligation of the state to conduct real (not illusionary or formal) defense for the suspect, the accused, since the appointment of a defense counsel does not ensure maintaining effective legal services; 2) the obligation to provide the defense team with the time and opportunity to conduct effective defense.
CONCEPTS AND ESSENCE OF CUSTOMS PROCEDURES
IN ACCORDANCE WITH LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE
Authors: Dudchenko V. V.
Published: March 2020

International trade is one of the main forms of international economic relations, so the contradictions arising from the customs clearance of goods have a significant negative impact on each country separately, and on the world economy in general. In this regard, the need to bring customs procedures to EU standards is not in doubt. Integration processes in the customs sphere make a significant contribution to the economic development of countries. In recent years, Ukraine has made good progress in the liberalization of traderegimes, this also applies to customs procedures. Procedures of customs control and customs clearance of goods transported across the customs border of Ukraine are uniform and regulated by the relevant legal acts. The essence of customs procedures is that they reflect the relevant conditions that must be observed in respect of goods placed under the relevant procedure. Also, with its help, the subjects of foreign economic activity exercise their rights and obligations in the customs sphere.
In a broad sense, the customs procedure is a regulatory system, internally structured by legal relations, focused on achieving a specific legal result and consisting of relevant customs elements that successively change each other. In a narrow format, customs procedures are considered as a set of rules that define for customs purposes the requirements and conditions of possession, use and (or) disposal of goods in the customs territory of the customs union or abroad.
Each customs procedure is a set of requirements stipulated by: the order of customs control of goods, customs clearance of goods and the peculiarity of collection (payment) of customs duties, the conditions of which depend on the purpose, form and conditions of their movement (that is, a certain customs regime). Knowledge of their legal nature and their implementation in full and in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation contributes to the strengthening of the customs policy of the state, the completeness of customs payments and reduces or even eliminates the possibility of transportation of contraband into the territory of the state. It should be noted that the effectiveness of customs procedures is determined by the balance of interests of the state and participants of foreign economic activity.
PECULIARITIES OF APPLICATION OF DISCIPLINARY RESPONSIBILITY
FOR VIOLATION OF INFORMATION LEGISLATION IN THE ACTIVITY
OF STATE BORDER GUARD SERVICE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Kushnir I. P. , Tsarenko S. I. , Tsarenko O. M.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the consideration of the legal protection of information. It is emphasized that the scientific doctrinal concept of “information responsibility” has not been formed yet; the proper understanding of both “information responsibility” and its correlation with other types of legal responsibility has not been developed. The procedural issues of the procedural order of bringing to information and legal responsibility remain unresolved.
The issues of disciplinary responsibility for information offenses remain undetermined; the vast majority of them are at the discretion of commanders and chiefs of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine within their disciplinary authority, and not within the competence of justice authorities.
It is proposed to bring servicemen to administrative rather than disciplinary responsibility for committing administrative information offenses. It has been found out that administrative responsibility should be imposed for violation of laws, regulations, and orders, and disciplinary responsibility should occur for violation of intradepartmental and organizational normative legal acts.
Legal responsibility for violation of information legislation in the field of state border protection are investigated. It is emphasized that there are peculiarities of guarantees for protection of information relations in the sphere of border guarding: each individual type of responsibility has its own procedural order and degree of sanction; the rules stipulating the liability for violation of information legislation are characterized by lack of systematic location in the Codes; information can be both the object and the means of offense; military personnel are subject to disciplinary action for committing certain administrative misconducts; disciplinary responsibility is deprived of the specification of all elements of offenses.
It is concluded that such steps will help to improve the legal support of information relations and increase the effectiveness of legal influence.
Michael Lasser, City Songs and American Life, 1900–1950
Authors: Van der Hoeven Arno
Published: March 2020

Michael Lasser, City Songs and American Life, 1900–1950. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell

& Brewer, 2019. 350 pp. ISBN 978-1-58046-952-4 (hbk).
Apuntes sobre el planteamiento antropológico del dinero y la inversión según Leonardo Polo
Authors: Castillo-Córdova Genara
Published: March 2020

La filosofía de Polo puede ayudar a entender el fundamento antropológico del dinero y su inversión. Como es sabido, tradicionalmente la inversión del dinero conlleva que una cantidad limitada de éste se ponga a disposición de otras personas, de una empresa, o de un conjunto de acciones, con la finalidad de incrementar esas ganancias o generar más beneficios. En el presente artículo, a partir de la noción de dinero en Polo se ve la inversión con su enfoque antropológico. Desde ese aporte se abren perspectivas para entender de manera novedosa el capital y el capitalismo actual.
Ontogenesis of the “why” question from the perspective of genetic epistemology, and its philosophical implications
Authors: Duchliński Piotr
Published: March 2020

The question “why” is generally thought to be one of the most important of philosophical questions. Indeed, many philosophers hold that it is responsible for defining the essential contours and identity of philosophical discourse itself. Moreover, all attempts to reject it are perceived as a manifestation of minimalist tendencies in philosophical research. This article presents Piaget’s views concerning the ontogenesis of the “why” question. After having reconstructed the latter, it seeks to spell out their potential philosophical implications. The author argues that ontogenetic considerations can certainly play a heuristic role in the formulation of philosophical theses and hypotheses, and that they can lead to a correcting of the conceptions we tend to have of certain philosophical questions – namely, ones that do not refer to any empirical data.
Gogacz – Judycki. Two concepts of the individuality of a human person
Authors: Listkowska Bożena
Published: March 2020

The aim of the article is presentation of two concepts of human individuality which have arisen in modern Polish philosophy of Mieczysław Gogacz and Stanisław Judycki. It is an attempt to look at the problem from two different philosophical perspectives: Thomistic metaphysics and phenomenological epistemology. Metaphysical approach is searching for an answer to the question about human individuality in their ontic structure, whereas phenomenological approach focuses on the analysis of a direct experience. As reason of individuality, Gogacz indicates potential intellect (passive) subjected in a substantial form (soul). Judycki maintains that this reason is the concept of God, according to whom He creates a soul of every human being as radically different from all other human souls, unique. Presented theories develop from a different way of understanding a human being. Gogacz’s theory has a substantial character, refers to the concept of a human of Aristotle, Boethius and St. Thomas Aquinas. Judycki’s concept is a relational approach, modified by elements of substantialist philosophy. He refers to relational approach of Plato, Saint Augustine and Descartes as well as substantialist theories of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas. Thomistic and phenomenological approaches to individuality introduce fundamentally different and essential substance to philosophy concerning human beings.
Henryk Rzewuski – on the way to Polish national philosophy
Authors: Jastrzębski Bartosz
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this article is to present original philosophical concept by Henryk Rzewuski. This nineteenth century Polish thinker was (and still is) extremely controversial person, accused of national “apostasy” for the Tsarist Russia and the spread of beliefs about the irrevocable end of the Polish state. In this text reveals the complexity and ambivalence Rzewuskiego attitude towards the Polish cause. This philosopher believed that indeed the Polish state will not be standing free himself from the Russian political sovereignty. At the same time, however, was an ardent supporter of building the Polish national philosophy, which would illustrate Polishness and develop in the sphere of the ideal and spiritual. Polish history has to be – within its concept – the material from which the philosopher sees that these thoughts and ideas around which crytallized Polish spirit, and that reflect the basic idea of moral. The spirit of the nation and its moral idea meet, according to this philosopher, the functions analogous to that of the soul to the body – is a condition of life and the unity of its geopolitical “body.”
Preparation and Evaluation of a Composite Filler Micro-Embedded with Pseudomonas putida for the Biodegradation of Toluene
Authors: Yan Yuxi , Zhu Rencheng , Li Shunyi
Published: March 2020

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a self-developed filler micro-embedded with Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) for toluene removal in a biofilter under various loading rates. The results show that the biofilter could reach 85% removal efficiency (RE) on the eighth day and remain above 90% RE when the empty bed residence time (EBRT) was 18 s and the inlet loading was not higher than 41.4 g m−3 h−1. Moreover, the biofilter could tolerate substantial transient shock loadings. After two shut-down experiments, the removal efficiency could be restored to above 80% after a recovery period of three days and six days, respectively. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of fillers in four operating periods revealed that the highly efficient bacterial colonies in fillers mainly included Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and that the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased significantly during the re-start period.
Numerical modelling strategy for predicting the response of reinforced concrete walls using Timoshenko theory
Authors: Barkhordari Mohammad Sadegh , Tehranizadeh Mohsen , Scott Michael H.
Published: March 2020

In recent decades, different macro-models have been proposed for simulating the behaviour of concrete shear walls because of their significant role in the seismic performance of urban buildings. The ability of Timoshenko's beam theory to evaluate the behaviour of slender and moderate-aspect-ratio concrete shear walls was evaluated in this work. For this purpose, a non-linear displacement-based Timoshenko fibre element was first added to OpenSees software. A new constitutive model based on modified compression field theory was used for the stress–strain relationship of the materials. To validate the element and the materials used, the results of the numerical model were compared with a set of laboratory tests of concrete shear walls subjected to cyclic and seismic loads (shaking table tests). Evaluation of the numerical model and the experimental results revealed that the analysis procedure used to model the reinforced concrete walls predicted their overall and local responses with acceptable accuracy. It can thus be used as a reliable tool for the analysis of slender and moderate-aspect-ratio concrete shear walls.
Accumulation of Globotriaosylceramide in Podocytes in Fabry Nephropathy Is Associated with Progressive Podocyte Loss
Authors: Najafian Behzad , Tøndel Camilla , Svarstad Einar , Gubler Marie-Claire , Oliveira João-Paulo , Mauer Michael
Published: March 2020

Significance Statement

In males with classic Fabry disease, the processes leading to the frequent outcome of ESKD are poorly understood. Mutations in the gene encoding α-galactosidase A leads to globotriaosylceramide accumulation in various cell types; in podocytes, this accumulation progresses with age. In this study of 55 males with classic Fabry disease genotype and/or phenotype, the authors found an increasing fraction of podocyte cytoplasm occupied by globotriaosylceramide, which plateaued at around the age of 27 years. At the same time, podocyte volume continued to rise, apparently at the expense of increasing podocyte stress (indicated by increasing podocyte foot process width) and podocyte loss. These changes associated with increasing urinary protein excretion, a strong prognosticator of adverse renal outcomes, and with reduction in GFR, indicating a need for early intervention before critical podocyte loss.

Background

In males with classic Fabry disease, the processes leading to the frequent outcome of ESKD are poorly understood. Defects in the gene encoding α-galactosidase A lead to accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL3) in various cell types. In the glomerular podocytes, accumulation of GL3 progresses with age. Of concern, podocytes are relatively resistant to enzyme replacement therapy and are poorly replicating, with little ability to compensate for cell loss.

Methods

In this study of 55 males (mean age 27 years) with classic Fabry disease genotype and/or phenotype, we performed unbiased quantitative morphometric electron microscopic studies of biopsied kidney samples from patients and seven living transplant donors (to serve as controls). We extracted clinical information from medical records and clinical trial databases.

Results

Podocyte GL3 volume fraction (proportion of podocyte cytoplasm occupied by GL3) increased with age up to about age 27, suggesting that increasing podocyte GL3 volume fraction beyond a threshold may compromise survival of these cells. GL3 accumulation was associated with podocyte injury and loss, as evidenced by increased foot process width (a generally accepted structural marker of podocyte stress and injury) and with decreased podocyte number density per glomerular volume. Worsening podocyte structural parameters (increasing podocyte GL3 volume fraction and foot process width) was also associated with increasing urinary protein excretion—a strong prognosticator of adverse renal outcomes in Fabry disease—as well as with decreasing GFR.

Conclusions

Given the known association between podocyte loss and irreversible FSGS and global glomerulosclerosis, this study points to an important role for podocyte injury and loss in the progression of Fabry nephropathy and indicates a need for therapeutic intervention before critical podocyte loss occurs.
BIODISTRIBUSI 177LUTETIUM-(R)-NODAGA-PSMA PADA GINJAL DAN KANDUNG KEMIH TIKUS GALUR WISTAR JANTAN
Authors: Silalahi Brigitta , Kartamihardja Achmad Hussein Sundawa , Rosilawati N. Elly , Shintawati Rini , Hidayati Nur Rahmah
Published: March 2020

177Lutetium (Lu) –(R)-NODAGA-PSMA merupakan perkembangan terapi radionuklida yang dapat digunakan untuk terapi metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui biodistribusi 177Lu–(R)-NODAGA-PSMA pada ginjal dan kandung kemih hewan coba berupa tikus galur wistar jantan. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik ini dilakukan di laboratorium Departemen Ilmu Kedokeran Nuklir dan Pencitraan Molekuler RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Subjek penelitian adalah 10 tikus galur wistar jantan dengan usia 8-12 minggu; berat 200-250 gram; dalam keadaan sehat. Tikus akan ditidurkan dengan agen anestesi ketamin, lalu dilakukan injeksi 1,3-1,7 mCi radiofarmaka 177Lu–(R)-NODAGA-PSMA pada vena bagian ekor. Perhitungan cacahan organ total dilakukan pada menit ke 60,90, dan 120, pasca injeksi radiofarmaka  177Lu–(R)-NODAGA-PSMA sebesar 1.300-1.700 mCi pada vena bagian ekor. Hasil yang diperoleh dari uji adalah tangkapan ginjal dan kandung kemih.Rata-rata persentase tangkapan radiofarmaka pada menit ke-60 adalah ginjal kanan sebesar 4,35%, ginjal kiri 5,91%, kandung kemih 6,54%; pada menit ke-90 adalah ginjal kanan sebesar 6,31%, ginjal kiri 7,6%, kandung kemih 7,95%; serta pada menit ke-120 adalah ginjal kanan sebesar 6,89%, ginjal kiri 8,48%, kandung kemih 9,60%. Hasil persentase tangkapan organ target akan disajikan dalam tabel dan grafik.Biodistribusi radiofarmaka 177Lu–(R)-NODAGA-PSMA pada tikus galur wistar jantan ditangkap oleh ginjal kanan dan kiri serta kandung kemih. Peningkatan radioaktivitas tangkapan organ target tercatat seiring dengan berjalannya waktu penelitian. Hal ini disebabkan karena ginjal berperan sebagai organ ekskresi dari radiofarmaka.
Conocimiento sobre políticas y ética ambiental en la gestión sostenible de acequias, que cruzan la ciudad de Chiclayo, Perú
Authors: Chambergo Ll. Adela , Alvitres C. Víctor , Fupuy Ch. Jorge
Published: March 2020

Problemática. Las acequias en la ciudad de Chiclayo, Lambayeque, constituyen problemas de saneamiento, al ser utilizadas para eliminar todo tipo de residuo. Objetivos: ubicar las acequias en el catastro urbano de la ciudad, determinar el motivo del deterioro de las acequias, las capacidades, normatividad y gestión ambiental de autoridades, y analizar las políticas y ética ambiental, relacionadas con las acequias. Metodología: es una investigación descriptiva – transversal y también cualitativa, realizada en el 2012; se aplicó la metodología Geo ciudades. Resultados y conclusiones: Las acequias: Cois, Pulen y Yortuque, cruzan la ciudad de Chiclayo y se originan en la cuenca Chancay; están bajo administración de la Junta de Usuarios del Distrito de Riego Chancay –Lambayeque. Los pobladores refieren que el deterioro de las acequias en 53% y 23% es responsabilidad a la falta de interés del Municipio y del Gobierno Regional, respectivamente, y el 13% es por desinterés de los pobladores; 70% consideran que las autoridades locales y regionales no tienen la capacidad para el manejo ambiental de las acequias; 80% refieren desconocer sobre de normas de política ambiental y solo un 13% manifiesta que aplican políticas ambientales. La falta de ética, honestidad y compromiso político es la causa de una serie de efectos ambientales que tienen su impacto en el deterioro de las acequias. Las acequias no son únicamente canales de irrigación, están relacionadas con factores históricos, culturales, por lo que su gestión medio ambiental y sostenible es prioritaria hasta lograr convertirlas en patrimonio de las ciudades.
REVIEW OF COMPUTERIZED COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY BASED ON CULTURE CENTERED DESIGN FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd Drus Zainul Akramin
Published: March 2020

Addiction is an activity that includes video games, internet, gambling and substance abuse such as drugs, cigarettes and alcohol. These symptoms had spread among adults, adolescents and children. The phenomenon could be resolved through various approaches in the area physiological therapies such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). CBT plays a vital role, whereby it is a face-to-face therapy between patient and counsellor that treats emotional and physical health conditions. The advancement of information technology has spawned new innovations for therapy using computer known as Computerized Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CCBT). The central issue concerning CCBT focuses on the patient's continuous engagement throughout entire therapy. It is known that continuous engagement in using CCBT is dependable on the patient's cultural background. Indirectly, it proves the existence of factors that influence patient's preferences and engagement towards CCBT. Therefore, designing appropriate design interface based on Culture Centred Design (CCD) in order for patient to sustain their engagement level towards CCBT is essential. Furthermore, patients also fail to complete the therapy due to the lack of interest and focus, resulting in disengagement towards CCBT. Various engagement models and theories on developing cultural based interface for CCBT was discussed. Therefore, research aims to review literatures, identify factors that prone to provide continuous engagement CCBT interface which would trigger and guide future research works.
Law in Roman Society: an interview with Paul J. Du Plessis
Authors: Plessis Paul J. Du
Published: March 2020

Entrevista com Paul J. Du Plessis.
Concept and classification criminal procedural guaranties of party accused as subject of proof during the investigative (search) actions in the pre-trial investigation
Authors: Iskеnderov E.F.
Published: March 2020

The criminal procedural guaranties of party accused as subject of proof during the investigative (search) actions in the pre-trial investigation is one of the important condition for effective proof in the criminal proceed and ensuring the rights, liberties and personal legal interests in pre-trial investigation. The right determining that’s concept and allocation of scientific thought is essential for the future development of theory of criminal procedural proof and improvement the practice work party accused.

In the article the author has an object to determine concept and formulate classification criminal procedural guaranties of party accused as subject of proof during the investigative (search) actions in the pre-trial investigation.

Based on the results of the analysis which are dedicated to the investigative (search) actions questions, provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine, results of practice employees survey, was researching concept of investigative (search) actions as a means of criminal procedural proof. Attention is drawn that the investigative (search) actions are conducted for the purpose of search, searching, finding, removing and fixing factual data and information about their sources for tacking evidences in criminal proceed or verification of evidence already received and searching people.

It`s concluded that criminal procedural guaranties of party accused as subject of proof during the investigative (search) actions in the pre-trial investigation is condition which regulated by criminal procedural legislation which ensure the application by the party assured in the pre-trial investigation measures, which consist of a set of searching, cognitive and indication receptions, which conducted by authorized criminal procedural law subject`s in the determining for each order for the purpose of searching finding, removing and fixing factual data and information about their sources for tacking evidences in criminal proceed or verification of evidence already received and searching people.

In the article indication the author`s position about classification criminal procedural guaranties of party accused as subject of proof during the investigative (search) actions in the pre-trial investigation which has not only science-methodology means but practice means for future develop the theoretical, legal and praxeology principles for realization criminal procedural guaranties of party accused as subject of proof.