bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cadmium Migration and Distribution Process
Authors: Song Xue Ying , Hu Xiao Jun , Jin Cai Xia , Yang Ji Song , Chen Hong Liang , Hou Yong Xia , Li Yu Shuang
Published: June 2012

The significant pollution accidents which not only threaten public health and public property safety, but also bring major disaster, have become the world concerning environmental problems. The migration process and feature of CdCl2 in the vertical and horizontal profiles of soil were studied by the stimulating experiment to present the theory for the treatment of significant pollution accident. The column leaching device was taken to simulate the vertical and horizontal migration of CdCl2 in the soil profile under two-phase rainfall during 16 days. The portable manual control negative pressure pump was taken to extract soil solution sample and the CdCl2concentration was determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed that during the whole experiment, the obvious horizontal and vertical migration features of CdCl2appeared. The CdCl2covered the whole horizontal profile in 0.5 h and the whole vertical profile in 146 hours. The relative variation rate of CdCl2in the different depth of bulk showed that the rapid passing time differed in the different depths. The simulating device used in this paper could well investigate the vertical and horizontal distribution and migration of contaminant. Under the condition of greater rainfall, the CdCl2gave priority to the horizontal runoff in the surface soil, followed by the vertical migration.
Effects of N Deposition Induced by Environmental Pollution on Litter Decomposition Rate of Cortex phellodendri chinensis in Shenyang City
Authors: Guo Fang Qin , Chen Wei
Published: June 2012

The effects of N deposition induced by environmental pollution on litter decomposition rate in Shenyang city are analyzed by the reciprocal transplant experiment. By contrasting environments and intraspecific variations in Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis leaf litter quality on mass loss rates to investigate the effects of N deposition on mass loss rates in urban and suburb. The results showed that N deposition in urban significantly affected litter decomposition rate by affecting litter quality and environmental conditions. There was a faster decomposition rate when the environmental conditions or litter quality was affected by N deposition.
Environmental Impact by Heavy-Metal Dispersion from the Fine Sediments of the Shuangqiao River, Xiaoqinling Gold Area, China
Authors: Liu Rui Ping , Xu You Ning , He Fang , Zhang Jiang Hua , Chen Hua Qing , Ke Hai Ling , Qiao Gang , Xu Dong Ying , Zhao A Ning
Published: June 2012

Abstract. the sediments is the second pollution source to the water quality of river in mining area, in order to assess the pollution extent of the Shuangqiao River by anthropogenic activity, and establish the geochemical background values and the possible geochemical anomaly range, The authors use Lognormal distribution plots to study the Mercury, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Arsenic, Zinc and Iron dispersion in the fine sediments of the Shuangqiao River. The Lognormal distribution plots are applied to discriminate the geochemical background levels of eight heavy metals from the geochemical anomalies. The result shows that Mercury, Lead are the most heavily pollution which is related to anthropogenic activities, and the concluded geochemical background value is more reasonable than before.
Exploration of Relationships between Phytoplankton Biomass and Related Environmental Variables in a Eutrophic Shallow Lake
Authors: Qi Lan , Zhangya Ya , Huang Jin Hui
Published: June 2012

As the only drinking water source of Tianjin, Yuqiao reservoir had experienced several algae blooms in recent years, which had adversely impacted on the safety of drinking water supply and reservoir management. In this article, the relationship between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables has been evaluated in inter-annual and seasonal scale using factor analysis and liner regression method base on the monthly monitoring data covering the period of 2004-2009. The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus (TP) played governing roles in phytoplankton biomass in most seasons (i.e. temperature in winter and summer; TP in autumn); COD (chemical oxygen demand) presented signiﬁcant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in autumn and BOD (biological oxygen demand) shows opposite trend with it. However, a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering signiﬁcant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn. The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity, which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability, and hence, advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.
Numerical Simulation of Heavy Metal (Pb) Distribution in Luoyuan Bay Based on Tidal Current
Authors: Yu Dong , Lin Jian Guo , Guo Wei Jun , Lu Jie
Published: June 2012

Compared with the data measured by other ones, the concentration of heavy metal (Pb), which is investigated by us in July 2011, has increased significantly in Luoyuan Bay, especially near Baishui Zone. The main reason is the discharged waste water from some recently founded large-scale steel plants around Luoyuan Bay. A numerical tidal current model in Luoyuan Bay is established based on FVCOM, with which a heavy metal transport model is developed to simulate the distribution of Pb discharged from steel plants.Reasonable agreement between the model results and field data has been obtained, indicating that the numerical model can be used as computational tool for environment management and the prediction of heavy metals in Luoyuan Bay.
Removal of Cd, Pb and Cu from Water Using Thiol and Humic Acid Functionalized Fe2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Meng , Chen Shi Bao
Published: June 2012

Humic acid (HA) and 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES) were successfully coated onto the surface of Fe2O3 (α and γ) nano-particles as characterized using IR and BET-N2 analysis, the potential use of the naked and functionalized nano-Fe2O3 particles as novel nano-sorbents for removal of Cd, Pb and Cu ions in solution was investigated in this study. The result indicated that the sorption of Cd, Pb and Cu ions by the nano-particles can be fitted well using langmuir isotherm; all the adsorbents exhibited definitely adsorption ability to Cd, Pb and Cu ions in solution. The sorption maximum and sorption affinity on the nano-particles for Pb (aq) were always higher than Cu (aq) and Cd (aq), the sorption maxima for the Pb, Cd and Cu followed the order Pb>Cu>Cd. Among the nano-sorbents, the Fe2O3 (α and γ) nano-particles coated with HA exhibited higher sorption ability to metal ions than the naked and thiolated Fe2O3 nano-particles, the sorption maxima of α-Fe2O3/HA for Pb(aq) reached 151.5 mg/g, which was significantly higher than the values of 116.3 and 84.0 mg/g observed for the α-Fe2O3 and α- Fe2O3/MPTES particles. However, no increased sorption maxima was observed for the thiolated Fe2O3 nano-particles (Fe2O3/MPTES) for the metal ions compared with the naked Fe2O3 nano-particles in this study. The greater capability of Fe2O3/HA to adsorb Cd(aq), Pb(aq), Cu(aq) indicates its potential use as another promising way to remediate metals-contaminated water.
Shouxian Aerosol Radiative Properties Measured by DOE AMF and Compared with CERES-MODIS
Authors: Qiu Yu Jun , Wang Qiang , Hu Fang Chao
Published: June 2012

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program held its first mobile facility (AMF) field campaigns in Shouxian in eastern China. Based on the AMF data, we studied the radiative properties of aerosols in late autumn and early winter. The results show that aerosols and clouds decreased the surface total radiation flux (RF) by 27.5% and the shortwave (SW) RF by 30.8%. The aerosol radiative effect (ARE) in late autumn and early winter calculated is about -24.9 W/m2. In addition, we compared the AMF data with MODIS datasets in a 1×1 degree box. The net SW errors of Terra and Aqua were 97.4 and 30.0 w/m2. The net LW errors were 17.4 W/m2 and 21.4 W/m2, respectively. The differences of the errors between Terra and Aqua were caused by the different zenith angles and the different atmospheric aerosol and vapor backgrounds during the satellite overpasses.
Spectral Analysis on Sub-Tidal Variability of Salinity in Modaomen Waterway of Pearl River Estuary, China
Authors: Chen Yuan Ying , Yin Xiao Ling , Bai Dong Lin , Li Li Cheng
Published: June 2012

Salinity and tidal range time series observed in Modaomen waterway was analyzed in power spectrum method, and both showed the period of half month (14.22d). Moreover, the salinity and tidal range time series were coherent at that period through cross spectrum analysis. Besides, the phase analysis at the period of 14.22d showed that, within the estuary, the salinity time series upstream lagged that of the downstream, and the response time of salinity time series to the tidal range time series was about 9-10d, increasing upstream. But the phase of salinity time series and response time to the tidal range at the estuary mouth did not correspond with the laws within the estuary. The response time of salinity to the tidal range was about 12d there.
Extraction Methods Study and Structure Analysis of Humic Acid in Surface Soil along Main Transportation Road
Authors: Zhang Yue Jin , Wang Juan
Published: June 2012

The five surface soil samples were collected in along zhonghuan road of Jiaxing city. According to different solubility in acid and alkali solution, the soil organic matters were divided into different kinds of components such as fulvic acid, humic acid and Humin. Both humic acid and minerals were extracted by sequence and the images were displayed in assistance of scanning electron microscope. Different extraction time and extraction conditions were optimized and the methods were established in the last. Correlations between organic matter content, pH value and contents of HA were fitted and a linear relationship was found between OM and HA. On the help of SEM, different structure of HA and minerals were found that images of HA were columnar and that of mineral were Massive. It is just the reason that why the OM has great sorption ability than the minerals.
Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage: A New Choice to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emission in China
Authors: Li Xu Feng , Shi Feng Hua , Jia Xiao Feng , Qiu Geng Biao
Published: June 2012

The total emission of CO2 obviously increased while the GDP rise. And China would become the biggest country on total emission of CO2 in future under the International Energy Agency. Demo projects had shown that carbon dioxide geological storage was one kind of tech that useful depositing the CO2 under the ground. In China concentrated CO2 sources distributed in or around the sedimentary basins which owned suitable geological conditions to storage CO2 into underground rock formations. And the storage capacity was large.
Evaluation and Source Analysis on Heavy Metal Pollution of Vegetable Garden Soil in the Urban-Rural Area of Fushun City
Authors: Li Jin Xia , Liu Ming Da , Zhang Wei , Tian Ye
Published: June 2012

Total of 40 soil samples were collected in vegetable garden soil in the urban-rural area of Fushun city. Heavy metal elements were evaluated including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd , Cr, Ni, As and Hg. Soil environmental quality was evaluated by a combination of the single quality index method and the complex quality index method. Meantime, the soil potential ecological hazard was evaluated by Hakanson method. It will provide scientific basis for regional agricultural production, environmental protection and industry structural adjustment. The study showed that eight samples were contaminated by Ni, exceeding rate of 20.0%, and seven samples were contaminated by Cu, exceeding rate of 17.5%. In comprehensive study, light polluted accounted for 12.5%; warning and safety level accounted for 87.5%. At the same time, the order of the potential ecological risk of single-factor was Cd>Hg>Cu>Ni>As>Pb>Zn>Cr. Integrated potential ecological hazard was slight with the number of 25.48. Statistical analysis, correlation analysis and factor analysis all suggested that concentration of Cu, Ni, Zn and Hg were mainly affected by human activities, Pb, Cd, Cr and As were mainly controlled by parent rocks.
Research on Determination Technology of Trace Mercury in Rainwater
Authors: Qin Lei , Li Li Wei , Zhang Bao Hua , Han Fang , Liu Jing Lan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, using Sulphydryl Cotton as solid absorptive enrichment agent of mercury, the best enrichment eluting method of mercury is confirmed by conditions trials in order to apply to the determination of mercury in rainwater in Guilin City. The practice proves that the adoption of this technology can simply concentrate the trace mercury in rainwater for scores of or even more than 100 times and can effectively enhance the precision of instruments detecting mercury.
Study of the Characteristics of Ammonia Removal by Monoterpenes and Essential Oil
Authors: Wen Fu Ji , Yoo Kyung Seun , Li Jian Xiu
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Ammonia is known as one of odorants emitted from landfill sites and several techniques such as deodorant spray, adsorption/absorption processes and incineration have been used for its removal. Among the measures to solve the problem of odor, spraying of deodorants such as diluted essential oil will be promising. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics and mechanism of ammonia removal by monoterpenes of essential oils. Chemical composition of the essential oil has been analyzed by GC-MS, an ammonia test tube was used to determine ammonia concentration and thus quantify the ammonia removal characteristics of monoterpenes and essential oils, and the interactional mechanism between ammonia and limonene was investigated with 1H NMR spectrometry. The results indicated that the efficiency of ammonia removal by limonene was improved by increasing the molar ratio of limonene to ammonia. Comparison of 1H NMR spectra before and after the interaction of limonene and ammonia showed that the chemical shifts of hydrogen atoms distant from the double bond had the largest changes, the shifts of these signals to lower magnetic field. The interaction interfered with the magnetic spin of the hydrogen atoms and reduced the peak splitting. When the molar ratios of the essential oil of pine needles, β-pinene, α-pinene and limonene to ammonia were 15, the removal rates of ammonia at 100C were 100, 86.0, 72.0 and 46.5%, respectively.
Influence of Inoculum to Substrate Ratio on Solid Acidogenic Digestion with Pig Manure and Maize Straw
Authors: Zhang Lei , Du Lian Zhu , Cui Wen Wen , Zhang Ke Qiang
Published: June 2012

A laboratory-scale study adopting mixture of manure and straw as substrate was carried out to elucidate the impact of inoculum to substrate ratio(ISR) on hydrolysis and acidification digestion with methanogenic effluent recycling. The chemical oxygen demand(COD), pH, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration were periodically analyzed in order to completely understand the digestion processing. In addition, ammonia-nitrogen was also monitored. The results showed that acetic acid was dominant in fermentation products of different ISRs and the percentage of acetic acid in total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) increased with the increase of ISR, and acetic acid accounted to 68.74%, 72.02%, 75.89% and 86.65% of TVFAs when ISR were 15%, 25%, 35% and 50%. Propionic acid accounted for 6.68%, 5.92%, 5.54% and 2.67% of TVFAs produced, and the concentration was less than 0.60 g/L. The possible inhibition by free ammonia was null since the values were far below the threshold concentration reported in other literatures, but the potential inhibition maybe happen after long-term recycling of methanogenic effluent.
The Design of Polarization Control System for Water Treatment
Authors: Gao Zheng Zhong , Zeng Qing Liang , Li Shi Guang , Bai Xing Zheng
Published: June 2012

This paper discusses the hardware and software of polarization control system of the industrial circulating water. With the STM32 microprocessor produced by ST as its control core, this control system expands the display function of the zone LCD driving circuit which can realize field operation parameters, and designs the analogue acquisition circuit that can achieve the collection of circulating water polarization effect. The function of isolation output of the polarization energy can be achieved by the three-way PWM signal and the control signal produced by microprocessor, which can not only protect the output driver circuit effectively, but avoid the short circuit output. For the software design, the PID adjustment is adopted to realize the adjustment function of the output energy of PWM. The effect of energy saving and emission reduction of industrial circulating water can be attained in the later actual application.
The Numerical Simulation Research on Garbage Particles in Airflow Field of Horizontal Air-Separator under Different Conditions
Authors: Yang Xin Le , Yang Shuo
Published: June 2012

In air-separator’s operating condition, separation trajectory of air-separator’s internal garbage particles was obtained through comparison of ordinary and improved air-separator’s internal flow field in the numerical was simulated by FLUENT soft software and garbage particles’ flow rules and separation principle was revealed. The results show that velocity field and pressure field of improved horizontal air-separator’s changes smoothly and phenomenon of chaos and back-mixing can be avoided, furthermore, it realizes effective sorting for three different quality garbage particles. The numerical simulation method in this paper provides theoretical and technical way for optimizing the air-separator’s internal structure and improving air-separator’s performance.
The Treatment of H-GL Dye Wastewater by Fenton Oxidation
Authors: Yan Wen Yao , Chai Yu Hong
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Investigation on the degradation of dye simulated wastewater containing disperse H-GL dark blue was conducted under Fenton oxidation scheme. Reaction conditions such as the dosage of H2O2 and Fe2+, initial pH, initial dye concentration and reaction time were studied in terms of decolorization efficiencies. Up to 94.5% decolorization rate was attained after 30 min using H2O2 36 mg L-1 and Fe2+ 75mg L-1 at a pH of 3.
A Two-Step Based Approach to Evaluate Driving Cycles for Carbon Dioxide Emission Estimation
Authors: Zhang Xiao
Published: June 2012

The paper proposes a two-step evaluation process to assess the developed driving cycles for carbon dioxide emissions. The first step is to compare the driving operating mode distributions from developed driving cycles with real world ones. The second step is to predict the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by using the developed driving cycles under the latest version of MOVES, MOVES2010 framework, which are then compared with and evaluated by the real-world CO2 emissions. Evaluation results show that the driving cycles developed by the driving operating mode distribution measure result in more accurate CO2 emission estimations.
Microbial Effect on Arsenic and Plumbum Release in Acid Coal-Mine Drainage
Authors: Yue Mei , Da Chun Nian , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: June 2012

Batch leaching experiments with different pH and temperature have taken to the pyrite samples from coal seams, state including the reaction system with bacteria of Acidiphilium sp. and aseptic control system. The migratory behavior of 2 hazardous elements of As and Pb was detected for a period of 15days. The analysis result displayed that the most releasing amount of As appeared in the bacteria reaction system with the condition of pH 1.5, 30°C and 1:100(g:mL) solid-liquid ratio, and the contents was 73 times higher than its aseptic control system. While as to Pb, the result was opposite, Acidiphilium sp. inhibit Pb releasing, it maybe this bacteria accumulation of Pb directly or indirect.
An Improved Allocation Method with Environmental Constraints of Regional SO2 Emission Right
Authors: Guo Tian Xiang , Zhao Yi , Yang Qing , Feng Hai Bo , Du De Gui
Published: June 2012

An improved allocation method was proposed to determinate SO2 emission control quantum for certain control area, which was achieved by least square optimization with environmental constraints. In order to avoid local air pollution happening, the concept of potential pollution distribution factor was introduced to determine SO2 actual environmental capacity. In the method, more SO2 emission right and emission trading chances among sub control areas were offered. The case analysis indicated the method was more suitable for emission trading compared with equal-right function method.
Application of Flocculation Process in Dressing Wastewater from Antimony Mine
Authors: Zhu Jing , Li Tian Xiang
Published: June 2012

Antimony (Sb) has received increasing environmental concerns due to its potential toxicity and carcinogenic property. In the present work, the flocculation process had used to treat dressing wastewater (DW) from some antimony mine, and the mechanism of removing Sb was investigated. The study focused on the effect of experimental parameters on the Sb removal efficiency, such as dosage of flocculant, pH value and the settling time. Several flocculants were evaluated and the results suggested that ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4•7H2O) was the optimal choice. When the dosage of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4•7H2O) was 0.075:100, pH value was 7 and the settling time was 180 min, removal efficiency of Sb in the DW reached 99.86% and concentration of Sb in the treated wastewater was below 0.04mg/L, which meets the emission standards established by State Department of Environmental Protection and State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine.
Change Law Research and Characteristic Analysis of Urban Pavement Runoff Pollution
Authors: Ji Gui Xia , Xu Chun Lei , Zhang Huan , Si Da Wei , Lu Yi Cheng
Published: June 2012

Through the pavement runoff monitoring of USST（the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology） courtyard pavement runoff and JunGong road runoff, the analysis of main influence factors and pollution degree, this article indicate that underling surface, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity and rainfall are important influencing factors of initial runoff water quality. Organic and suspended solid are the main pollutants of urban runoff. COD, SS and turbidity are the main pollution index, and they present exponential change law and finally achieved stability along with the delay of rainfall. The more heavily it rains, the more quickly water quality become stabilization. Stable water quality are influenced by rainfall character and pavement character. The more heavily it rains, the better stable water quality is. The more dust pavement contain, the worse stable water quality is. Stable water quality of courtyard pavement runoff are better than street runoff.
CuO Supportd Ce-Ti Mixed Oxides for Low-Temperature SCR of NO with Propene
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Xin Yong , Zhao Qi Dong , Zhang Dong Ke
Published: June 2012

CuO/TiO2, CuO/Ti0.9Ce0.1O2 and CuO/CeO2/TiO2 composite catalysts were prepared and tested for their application in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with C3H6. The effect of CeO2 species on the catalytic performance was further evaluated. Catalyst characterization including BET surface area, XRD and temperature-programmed reduction of H2 (H2-TPR) suggested that the addition of CeO2 species changed the physicochemical properties of the catalysts obtained. Compared to the impregnation method, the homogeneous precipitation method was an effective approach to preparing the CeO2 doped catalyst, which could promote the activation of C3H6 to react with NO.
Dynamic Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide Removal in Biotrickling Filter
Authors: Wang Yan Jin , Zheng Zheng , Zhang Zhi Ping
Published: June 2012

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is one of the main strains in the field of flue gas biological desulfurization. In the paper the removal of sulfur dioxide was studied in the biotrickling filter by the synergistic effect of the biofilm of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and iron ion system. The Mass transfer and reaction process in the biotrickling filter were analysed and the relationship between sulfur dioxide concentration and time during the desulfurization was discussed. Then the dynamic equations of sulfur dioxide removal in biotrickling filter were established.
Extension Method of Black-Odor of the Urban River
Authors: Xu Ming De , Zheng Jiang , Lu Jian Jun , Zhang Zi Juan
Published: June 2012

To reflect the problem of Black-odor of the urban river for the qualitative and quantitative,Used in Extenics matter-element analysis to establish Taiyuan urban river Black-odor extension model, refering to "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002) and other standards, drawing on the experience of a large number of parameters to determine the urban river five Black-odor Rank.Determined by the actual characteristics of the river Black-odor river monitoring indicators, though analytic hierarchy process (AHP) determine the level of the weight of each index coefficient, reflected the lower degree of influence on the upper index.Taiyuan urban rivers in the dry season, water level monitoring period and the wet period that the mian dry season and water level monitoring period with mild and moderate Black-odor,the wet period was mainly in black and stinky critical state. Taiyuan city has been black-odor rating and level of the river black-odor are basically consistent, indicating extenics matter element analysis in the urban river black-odor application is feasible.
Leaching Characteristics of Manganese and Iron from Artificial Soil
Authors: Zhang Hong Ling , Sun Li Na , Sun Tie Heng
Published: June 2012

A leaching experiment was carried out over a period of 90 days to determine the manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) leaching characteristics from artificial soils composed of sewage sludge and fly ash. The leachates of artificial soils were collected every 15 days and the concentration of manganese and iron in leachates of the artificial soil was measured. Results showed that the concentration of Fe and Mn in leachates of artificial soils got to a stable level by the end of the experiment. Moreover, plant Robina pseudoacacia and Amorpha fruticosa had different effect on the leachate Fe and Mn concentration. Robina pseudoacacia resulted in higher leachate Fe concentration, while Amorpha fruticosa resulted in higher Mn concentration. However, the leachate Fe and Mn concentrations from artificial soils was high, and it will also be transported to the surface and ground water. Therefore, some measures should be taken to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the leachates before these artificial soils being applied on the ecological rehabilitation in mine spoil areas.
Mathematical Simulation Study on Performance of Different Opposite Folded Plate Anaerobic Sewage Treatment Technology
Authors: Li Sheng Nan , Nan Jun , Li Hao Yu
Published: June 2012

The effect of different hydraulic retention time on the removal of COD, nitrogen and phosphorous when influent COD was 1000 mg/L were carried out by establishing simulation model with the help of mathematical simulation software BioWin3.0 on the computer and adjusting the parameters continuously combined with the actual operation of anaerobic sewage treatment technology, then compared and analyzed the effect of the simulated effluent and the actual effluent. The results showed that the model established by mathematical simulation software BioWin3.0 can reflect the actual operation conditions of sewage treatment.
Multiobjective Models for Central Plant Site Selection in Joint WWTPs Operation of Small Towns
Authors: Yin Hu Bei , Chai Hong Xiang , Xu Hai Yan , Wang Qi , Fang Jun Hua , Ren Hong , Chen Wei
Published: June 2012

The wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in small towns are of dispersed locations, small scale and difficult management, thus joint WWTPs operation is a recommended operation mode for those WWTPs. Site selection for central plant plays a crucial role in promoting the reliability and efficiency in joint WWTPs operation. Multiobjective models to maximize the reliability and minimize the cost of the central plant were developed, and primary objective function was applied to obtain the solution of the models. And we presented an example to illustrate the application of the proposed models.
N2O Direct Decomposition over Hierarchical FeZSM-5 Catalysts
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhuang Jin , Yang Fei Fei , Xiao Qiang , Zhong Yi Jun , Zhu Wei Dong
Published: June 2012

Hierarchical FeZSM-5 microspheres were prepared in the presence of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in the synthesis system. The structure and morphology of the synthesized zeolites have been characterized by XRD, SEM, and N2 adsorption techniques. The hierarchical FeZSM-5 shows a much better catalytic performance in the direct decomposition of N2O, compared to FeZSM-5 synthesized without APTES.
Oxidative Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Red 2BF by Potassium Ferrate
Authors: Dong Xiao Li , Wang Lei , Zhang Xin Xin , Bai Lin , Zhang Xiu Fang , Ma Hong Chao , Ma Chun , Xue Mang
Published: June 2012

The oxidative degradation of azo dye Reactive Red 2BF in aqueous solution by using potassium ferrate (Ⅵ) was studied. The initial concentration of wastewater 100 mg/L, pH 4.0, reaction time 20 min, and the dosage of potassium ferrate was 0.9 g/L. Under the optimal conditions, the decolorizing rate of Reactive Red 2BF and the COD removal rate were 99.9% and 73.3%.
Performance and Modeling of a Pilot-Scale Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Treating Pharmaceutical Wastewater Containing Berberine
Authors: Guo Ya Dong , Fu Cui Ting , Liu Guo Rong , Liu Chun Shuang
Published: June 2012

A pilot-scale test was conducted with an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) treating pharmaceutical wastewater containing berberine. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of UASB in the condition of a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate from 4.64 to 8.68 kg/m3d and a wide berberine concentration from 254 to 536 mg/L, in order to provide a reference for treating the similar pharmaceutical wastewater containing berberine. The results demonstrated that the UASB average percentage reduction in COD and berberine 68.14% and 57.39%, respectively. Granular sludge was formed during this process. In addition, a model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory and linear regression techniques was developed for the simulation of the UASB system performance in the biodegradation of pharmaceutical wastewater containing berberine. The average errors of COD and berberine were -0.55% and 0.24%, respectively. The results indicated that this model built on the BPNN theory was well-fitted to the detected data, and was able to simulate and predict the removal of COD and berberine by UASB reactor.
Photolytic and Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenols in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Jian Bing , Xu Cui Hua , Han Wen Ya , Zhu Wan Peng , Li Ya Nan
Published: June 2012

Photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of phenols in aqueous solution were investigated under the UV irradiation of 254 nm light and VUV irradiation of 254 nm and 185 nm light. The decomposition and mineralization of 4-CP in UV/TiO2 process were both faster than in UV process. VUV irradiation led to the most efficient degradation of 4-CP. The initial concentration of 4-CP had little effect on the decomposition rate in UV and UV/TiO2 processes while in VUV and VUV/TiO2 processes the pseudo first-order rate constants decreased with the increase of the initial concentration. In UV/TiO2 process gas bubbling and liquid circulation could enhance the formation of oxidative species (HO2•) and mass transfer efficiency. The optimal air flow rate and liquid circulation flow rate were 300 mL/min and 1200 mL/min respectively in our reactor. Photocatalytic decomposition and mineralization of 4-CP were highly dependent on the nature of the organic substrate treated. Adding salt into aqueous solution could enhance photocatalytic degradation of phenols but after long operation with aqueous solution containing salt TiO2 catalyst would lose activity.
Pollution and Assessment of Heavy Mental Status in Sediments in Chongqing Urban Section of Three Gorges Project after Impoundment
Authors: Chen Jing , Wang Ping Yi , Yang Yan Mei
Published: June 2012

The Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in sediment of Chongqing urban section of Three Gorges Reservoir after impoundment were investigated and analyzed by assessing the geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk of actural measurement of eight monitoring stations(Lijiatuo,Egongyan,Huangshaxi,Shanhuba,Dafosi(Cuntan),Huanghuayuan,Hualongqiao,Ciqikou).The results showed that the average contents of Cd and Pb in the sediment of Chongqing urban section are 1.83mg/Kg and 98.14mg/Kg in Yangtze River and 1.28mg/Kg and 28.80mg/Kg in Jialing River respectively, which all surpass the soil background value of Chongqing. The enrichment degree of heavy mental was Cd>Pb. According to the evaluation based on the soil background value of Chongqing, the pollution of Pb in all monitoring stations was low; the pollution of Cd in Lijiatuo、Egongyan、Huangshaxi and Shanhuba was moderate and the rest was low.
Purification Efficiency of Several Constructed Wetland Plants in COD Disposal in Domestic Sewage
Authors: Lu Min , Guo Zhen , Li Dong He
Published: June 2012

The research on the species selection of constructed wetland plants and the purification effects of the plants is crucial in ecological wastewater treatment technology. This paper studies the purification effects of different residence time of sewage water, different constructed wetland plants and their synergistic effect on COD disposal in domestic sewage. The results indicate that the best plant combination in purifying COD is that of Phragmites communis, Typha orientalis and Canna generalis, followed by that of Phragmites communis, Arundo donax and Canna generalis. The best plant species in purifying COD is Typha orientalis, followed by Phragmites communis.
Studies on Strategies for Realizing Atmospheric Environmental Quality Goal in Creating National Eco-City in Shenyang
Authors: Qu Xiang Rong , Lin Hua
Published: June 2012

The continuous auto-monitoring methods were used to analyze PM10、SO2、NO2 concentrations in atmospheric environment of three types of function areas in Shenyang, and the atmospheric environmental quality were evaluated by using National Ambient Air Quality Standard GB3095-1996 and API methods.The results showed that annual average concentration of PM10 surpassed 0.1 fold of the National Air Quality Standard II, that of SO2 was below the Standard II, that of NO2 was below the Standard I in the second type of function area, the air quality in the first and third types of function areas met the requirements for the Standards in 2010.There were 328days with the air quality of good and better. There were 329days with PM10 as primary pollutant and 36days with SO2 as primary pollutant. According to the main factors inffluencing the air quality of Shenyang, the strategies for realizing atmospheric environmental quality goal in creating national eco-city were put forward.
Study on Electrokinetic Remediation of PBDEs Contaminated Soil
Authors: Wu Chun Du , Fan Cui Ping , Xie Qing Jie
Published: June 2012

Electrokinetics is a soil remediation technology under development. One of its advantages is that it can realize in suit remediation. A series of bench-scale experiments were carried out and result showed that electrokinetic technology was effective in promoting BDE15 desorption and migration in soil, and its effect depends on the type of electrodynamics. Ion concentration was changed for the electrolysis reaction, and lead to current changed. The current variation tendency was increase first then decrease.Soil pH and temperature was changed as a result of electric field, soil resistance and temperature increases, the cathode temperature up to 40°C.
Study on Treatment of Municipal Wastewater with Biochemistry Process
Authors: Lin Meng Xia , Rong Hong Wei , Zhang Ke Fang , Zhang Chao Sheng
Published: June 2012

Treatment of municipal wastewater with biological/chemical process was studied in this paper. Chemical agents-polyaluninum sulfate was selected in this test to determine the effect on phosphorus removal and to assess the effect of coagulants on denitrification and organics removal by using coagulants cooperated with organisms. The result indicated that the removal efficiency of total phosphorus increased by 74.2%, and raised noticeably and meets the first class standard(GB 8978-1996) ,the average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and organic increased by 0.04% and 8.2%. It was verified that the PAS together with activated sludge have the synergistic effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the organic compound removal.
Bioconversion of Heptachlor Epoxide by Wood-Decay Fungi and Detection of Metabolites
Authors: Xiao Peng Fei , Mori Toshio , Kondo Ryuichiro
Published: June 2012

Although heptachlor epoxide is one of the most persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that cause serious environmental problems, there is very limited information of the biodegradation of heptachlor epoxide by microorganisms, and no systematic study on the metabolic products and pathway of endrin by microorganisms has been conducted. Wood-decay fungi can degrade a wide spectrum of recalcitrant organopollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, 18 wood-decay fungi strains of genus Phlebia were investigated for their ability to degrade heptachlor epoxide, and Phlebia acanthocystis, Phlebia brevispora, Phlebia lindtneri and Phlebia aurea removed about 16, 16, 22 and 25% of heptachlor epoxide, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. Heptachlor diol and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were detected in these fungal cultures as metabolites by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS), suggesting that the hydrolysis reaction in the epoxide ring and substitution of chlorine atom with hydroxyl group in C1 position occur in bioconversion of heptachlor epoxide by selected wood-decay fungi, respectively. This is the first report describing the metabolites of heptachlor epoxide by microorganisms.
The Optimization Method of Oil Field Waste-Water Treatment Based on DEA Principle
Authors: Zou Jun Yan , Ma Meng
Published: June 2012

This paper analyze the operation condition of some waste-water stations based on DEA , find the optimization operation model of waste-water treatment stations in oilfield with C2R model with negative pollutants. The calculating examples has proved that the efficiency of waste-water treatment is obviously improved in this method.
Degradation of P-Nitrophenol Affected by Synergy of Indirect and Direct Electrooxidation
Authors: Tian Mei , Yang Li Juan , Wang Jing , Li Zan , Chen Shen
Published: June 2012

The synergy of indirect and direct electrooxidation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) at Ti/PbO2 anode was studied with linear sweeping voltammetry and galvanostatic electrolysis. The concentration of PNP and the form of redox medium were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ion chromatography. The results indicated that Ti/PbO2 electrode can electrocatalyze the degradation of PNP effectively. The degradation ratio of 1.0 mmol/L PNP is 64.5% after 1 h electrolysis when the temperature is 35°C, the current density is 40 mA•cm-2. When the electrolyte containe 1.0 mmol / L Cl-, the degradation ratio of PNP is 81.0% after 1 h electrolysis under the same conditions. Cl-, ClO-, and ClO3- were detected simultaneously in the electrolyte, and their concentrations showed nonlinear oscillation with electrolysis time. These indicated that Cl- cause indirect electrooxidation of PNP, and the redox medium Cl-/Cl2 has a good reversibility.
Ultrasonic Degradation Performance of the CeZrMo Heteropoly Salt with Keggin Structure
Authors: Zhang Zhi Hong , Xue Feng
Published: June 2012

A new heteropoly salt with Keggin structure of the 1:1:11 series had been synthesized, and characterized the structure by the foruier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet spectra (UV) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The thermal stability and the number of the crystal water was analyzed by the thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). It was showed the molecular formula was Na5[Ce(ZrMo11O39)]•16H2O( Abbrev.CeZrMo),it possessed Keggin structure and had good thermal stability. The influences on the degradation rate, such as the amount of the CeZrMo, the initial concentration of the AGB dye wastewater, the ultrasonic frequency and power, were investigated. The results showed that the degradation rate could reach 88.01% after 60min irradiation, when the amount of the CeZrMo was 0.8g•L-1, the concentration of the AGB was 10mg•L-1, the ultrasonic frequency was 45kHz and the ultrasonic power was 100W.
A Hybrid ARIMA and Artificial Neural Networks Model to Forecast Air Quality in Urban Areas: Case of Tunisia
Authors: Samia Ayari , Kaouther Nouira , Abdelwahed Trabelsi
Published: June 2012

Forecasting air quality time series represents a very difficult task since air quality contains autoregressive, linear and nonlinear patterns. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models have been widely used in air quality time series forecasting. However, they fail to detect extreme events because of their presumed linear form of data. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models have proved to be promising nonlinear tools for air quality forecasting. A hybrid model combining ARIMA and ANN improved forecasting more than either of the models used independently. Experimental results with meteorological and Particulate Matter data indicated that the combined model can be used as an efficient forecasting and early warning system for providing air quality information towards the citizen, not only in Sfax Southern Suburbs but in other Tunisian regions that suffer from poor air quality conditions.
Orthogonal Experimental Design on the Program of CO2 Displacement
Authors: Zhang Ji Cheng , Gao Ai Li , Song Kao Ping
Published: June 2012

Combining module PVTi with E300 in ECLIPSE, we found the 3D and three phases simulating module of special low permeability reservoirs in YSL Oilfield. On the basis of history matching, considering gas injection volume, slug size, gas/water ratio, the speeding of gas injection, injection rate of sequent water flooding in water alternating gas, taking the volume of increasing oil and oil-draining rate as evaluation criterion we proceed orthogonal test design according to the principle orthogonal experimental design. By means of intuitive analysis and variance analysis to the test results, getting the primary and secondary orders that injection parameters effect evaluation criterion and optimizing best combination scheme of water alternating gas injection parameters for offering theoretical direction and technical support to water alternating gas injection parameters optimization in spot CO2 displacement.
Preparation Biomagnetic Sorbent for Cleaning Crude Oil Spills
Authors: Sun Shi Yong , Dong Fa Qin , Luo Jia , Huo Ting Ting , Liu Li Zhu
Published: June 2012

The objective of this study is preparing a novel environmental friendly light weight magnetic sorbent consisting of bacteria and cobalt by chemical process to further cleaning crude oil spills in sea. The observations by ESEM indicated that a thin granular layer covered on the surface of model microorganism of Staphylococcus epidermildis which provided host for absorbing cobalt ions and depositing cobalt particulates. The results showed that composite present flower-like microspheres with large-scale yields. The high temperature treatment of amorphous bacteria composited cobalt microspheres showed that it well crystallized corresponding to Co3O4 at 800 °C. The microorganism composited magnetic sorbent opens an important alternation absorbent for timely oil spill cleanup.
Removal of Cadmium from Red Soil by Electrokinetic Method
Authors: Tang Chun Fang , Zhou Xiao Fang , Li Cheng Feng
Published: June 2012

A constant direct current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 was applied in a laboratory experiment for studing the feasibility of electrokinetic treatment on the removal of Cd from red soils. The result shows that the removal efficiency of Cd was remarkably pH-dependent. The initial Cd concentration was1490 mg/kg and over 79% of Cd was removed from the red soils after 96 hours’ treatment. The energy expenditure was about 77.6 kW.h/m3 and the cost was 42.6 RMB Yuan/m3, which suggest that electrokinetic soil processing is a promising technology for remedying cd-contaminated red soils.
The Problem of Dealing the Culture Difference in Cooperation with Oversea Oil Company from Penglai 19-3 Oil Spill Accident
Authors: Liu Hui Min , Liu Guang Wei , Ma Li Zhi
Published: June 2012

China’s oil resource consumption is in the forefront of the world, but the per capita storage capacity of the oil resources is inadequate. With the improvement of the strategic position of the oil resources and the progress in exploitation technology, China has implemented the “go out” strategy, and is continuously seeking cooperative exploitation overseas. However, considered the great cultural difference between China and foreign countries, the oversea cooperation has many obstacles. The recent oil spilling incident of Penglai 19-3 was a minor accident, but finally it has become a major one. So the cultural gap between China and foreign countries really exists, and even more, it is very important. This paper is based on the Penglai19-3 accident and is trying to discuss how to reduce the cultural gap between two countries, so that the oversea cooperation can develop successfully.
“Au-Cysteine” Complex and its Application in Electro-Plating
Authors: Jin Wen Tao , Li Le , Li De Liang , Li Ke Lin , Tang Jiao , Luo Jie , Zhong Di Yuan
Published: June 2012

Aurous-cysteine complex was reported in this paper ,and its property including characterization and plating was studied . IR spectra reveals a strong coordinating bond formed between Au(I) and the mercapta group of the cysteine with the target complex .By using single factor’s experiments the optimal plating index has been gotten and they are: pH=5.5~8.5,[Au]=2~3 g/L , temperature 50~70 °C respectively.
A Study on the Mechanism of Aluminia Extraction from Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Wang Miao , Guo Yan Xia , Cheng Fang Qin , Li Yao Yao
Published: June 2012

Coal fly ash contains large amounts of aluminum, iron, silicon and other useful elements. Its utilization effectively is of significance to harmonious development of economy, society and environment. However, coal fly ash is mainly composed of mullite and other inert glassy matters with high degree of polymerization and its reactivity is poor. So the fly ash needs to be activated before utilization. This article studied the effect of activation by calcination added with NaOH additives on aluminium extraction. The results showed that the addition of NaOH could improve the aluminium extraction rate evidently. Detailed analysis and characterization was carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that NaOH could improve the depolymerization of vitreous.