bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Resistance of Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to Extreme Conditions
Authors: Islammagomedova Elvira A. , Khalilova Eslanda A. , Gasanov Rasul Z. , Abakarova Aida A. , Aliverdieva Dinara A.
Published: July 2021

The resistance of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAW-3а and Y-503 to the conditions of extreme values of pH, NaCl, temperature has been studied. Under different cultivation modes, the rounded shape of DAW-3a cells is pre-served and this parameter Y-503 changes. Under conditions of different pH values and 30°C, the maximum sizes of cells and giant colonies of the polyploid Y-503 strain were found in comparison with the haploid DAW-3a; at 37°C, the advantage of Y-503 was not observed and the colony sizes of both strains were practically the same. The reaction of the strains to critical concentrations of NaCl in the medium was identical: a decrease in the size of cells and colonies was found; change in the shape, surface, color and structure of colonies. Under conditions of the simultaneous influence of an elevated temperature of 37°C, a wide range of pH and 5 % NaCl, the cell size decreased slightly; under neutral and alkaline conditions of cultivation, a slightly greater tolerance of yeast to salt stress was established; a decrease in the size of giant colonies was found, while the maximum size of the studied strains was noted at pH 11.0, the minimum at pH 3.0. The study of the tolerance of the yeast S. cerevisiae DAW-3a and Y-503 to extreme factors is of particular interest in connection with the possibility of using stress-resistant strains in biotechnological processes.
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES IN THE MOVEMENT OF UKRAINIAN PRESIDENTS: RITUAL MOVEMENT IN GENRES
Authors: Strii Liudmyla
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the development of a typology of communicative strategies presented in the ritual genres of the presidential discourse of Ukraine. Greetings, addresses and inaugural speeches of all Ukrainian presidents are considered in order to highlight and characterize the selected strategies of communication with the recipients. The communicative strategy is interpreted as a general scheme, a plan for the implementation of the communicative plan, which involves the use of specific speech actions (tactics and appropriate language tools. In presidential discourse strategies of consolidation, self-presentation and agitation are singled out. It is proved that the strategy of consolidation realizes the intention to unite the president with the people, the strategy of self-presentation - the presentation of the president as an extraordinary person, the politician-legend, the strategy of agitation - the motivation to support the politician-speaker. Each strategy is implemented using appropriate communication tactics and language tools.
DEMOCRACY / PARTICIPATION-BASED CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY MANAGEMENT IMPROVES PUBLIC WELFARE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Suwandi  , Akyuwen Roberto , Dwita Susilawati Agnes
Published: July 2021

CSR is a responsibility that must be implemented by every company, where the company's responsibility is not only on the financial condition. But corporate responsibility (CSR) is also related to all stakeholders included their family employees. The existence of a company can have two impacts, namely positive and negative, therefore the company needs to prevent negative impacts that may arise and can interfere with the company's operations and community activities. This, CSR is very necessary to be implemented in every company. This research uses qualitative research and uses a deductive approach. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of CSR is indispensable in a company, the variable of participation democracy takes part in the establishment of the company and the level of welfare of the Indonesian people is one of the impacts of the success of a company in promoting the concept of CSR.
Retos y Oportunidades para el Estudio, Manejo y Gestión del Patrimonio Industrial en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Echeverry Natalie , Del Cairo Hurtado Carlos , Báez Santos Laura Victoria , Aldana Mendoza Jesús Alberto
Published: July 2021

El impacto producido por los grandes avances industriales en diferentes partes del mundo se manifestó en distintos contextos de Colombia que adaptaron y/o transformaron el espacio para la producción en masa de los diversos bienes utilizados por la sociedad. En consecuencia, el Patrimonio Industrial surgió de la necesidad de valorizar dichas manifestaciones materiales e inmateriales, como memorias de la industrialización. El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión crítica radica en discutir alrededor de los retos y las oportunidades que ofrece el Patrimonio Industrial en Colombia para su estudio, manejo y gestión. Esto, por un lado, a partir de un análisis del estudio de este patrimonio en Colombia, abordando las aproximaciones a la materia, así como las perspectivas y oportunidades recopiladas desde las áreas del conocimiento. Por otro lado, reflexionando sobre el devenir de este patrimonio y discutiendo algunas propuestas locales para su manejo y gestión. No obstante, la conservación de este patrimonio se encuentra sometida a complejos desafíos debido a las presiones sociales de diversas índoles que lo rodean, así como a la ausencia de políticas culturales sólidas de protección.
Synthesis of Tricyclic Quinoline Derivatives from 5- and 6-Aminoindazoles and 5-Aminoindole under Conventional Way and Microwave System
Authors: HALIMA SALEM Adnane , MİLOUDİ Abdellah
Published: July 2021

Targeted tricyclic quinolines were prepared from the corresponding aminoindazolic and indolic derivatives as starting materials using two comparative methods; conventional heating and microwave irradiation. We noticed that the syntheses of 5-amino-1-methylindazole and 5-aminoindole were abandoned due to their conversion to fluorescent products one week after free contact with air and acetone. As a result of this finding, we decided to condense the relevant amine with acetone or mesityl oxide to confirm our hypothesis. We show that the amine is converted to the derived quinoline through these condensation processes. Subsequently, this reaction was extended to the aminoindazole derivatives of positions 5 and 6, yielding the appropriate quinoline derivatives. Similarly, 5-aminoindole exhibited the same reactivity. By applying the corresponding NMR and centesimal techniques, the resulting structures were identified.
Kremplov vpliv na oblikovanje slovenskega knjižnega jezika
Authors: Rolih Maša
Published: July 2021

Prispevek obravnava intenziteto jezika v strokovni monografiji narodnega buditelja, nabožnega pisca, zgodovinarja, bogoslovca ter duhovnika Antona Krempla Dogodivšine Štajerske zemle (1845). Razlaga, ali besedna in diskurzna izrazna sredstva izražajo stereotipizacijo slovenstva ter s katerimi pomenoslovnimi ali besedoslovnimi izrazi Krempl krepi pomene, povezane s stereotipizacijo. Ugotovljeno je, da se identiteta Slovencev pri Kremplu najbolj povezuje z jezikom.
Klastry turystyczne w Rosji i za granicą
Authors: Aleksandrova Anna Y.
Published: July 2021

Światowy przemysł turystyczny znajduje się obecnie w stadium modernizacji produkcji oraz tworzenia klastrów. Analiza porównawcza klastrów turystycznych w Stanach Zjednoczonych, Republice Południowej Afryki, Nowej Zelandii, na Sri Lance, Jamajce, w Macedonii i Rosji wskazuje, że obecnie klastry turystyczne stają się zjawiskiem globalnym.
Typy gospodarstw agroturystycznych w Polsce i sylwetka ich właścicieli
Authors: Wojciechowska Jolanta
Published: July 2021

W artykule przeprowadzono typizację gospodarstw agroturystycznych w świetle kryteriów: przedmiotowych, podmiotowych i relacyjnych. Gospodarstwa agroturystyczne z grupy genotypu przedmiotowo-podmiotowego uznano za dominujące w kraju. Wskazano na zróżnicowanie sylwetki właścicieli gospodarstw agroturystycznych, wyróżniając sześć zasadniczych grup.
Pogodowe uwarunkowania działań wojennych. Wpływ warunków atmosferycznych na przebieg starć i kampanii militarnych w okresie średniowiecza. Wybrane przykłady
Authors: Niewiński Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The article examines the impact of adverse weather conditions and astronomical occurrences on the outcome of the selected medieval military campaigns and pitch battles. Unpredictability of weather was an important factor in medieval warfare: unexpected wind, rain, snow, heat or day-to-night temperature fluctuations could influence a military operation in a significant way. As medieval chronicles recorded, troops often suffered from famine as a result of excessive rains, droughts or adverse winds which prevented supplies from being delivered by sea. Apart from causing fatigue and exhaustion bad weather contributed to disease outbreaks and equipment damage. People were weakened physically and psychologically which reduced their fighting ability.
Kalendarz wojenny pospolitego ruszenia w czasach Władysława Jagiełły
Authors: Grabarczyk Tadeusz
Published: July 2021

This article concerns the participation of knights in wars during the reign of Władysław Jagiełło (1386–1434). Its goal is to determine how often and for how long the king called up the army, which will allow to assess how absorbing war expeditions were for knights at that time. The analysis shows that the king called knights 22 times minimum, of which the army from all over the Kingdom of Poland (expeditio generalis) was issued seven times, the remaining mobilizations concerned knights from one province (expeditio particularis). In addition, there were also smaller-scale defensive clashes, mainly near the Polish borders with the Teutonic Order and Silesia (defensio terrae). From the announcement of mobilization to the gathering of troops, it took from 2 to 8 weeks, this time depended on whether the expedition from one province or the whole Kingdom was convened. Preparations for the latter took longer, because the knights needed more time to get to the place of concentration of troops. In the case of local activities, the fighti ng was carried out for 2–4 weeks, in the case of expeditio generalis the campaigns lasted 8–13 weeks. During the most intense war period of 1409–1422, knights were called up to eight times. Participation in wars was absorbing for knights. Most of the conflicts took place in the summer, which forced the nobility to leave their farms at harvest time. Participation in the wars was costly, and the king refused to pay any remuneration for participating in the expedition abroad, despite his commitment to do so in 1388. Starting from 1419, the deterioration of the relationship between the king and the knights during expeditions can be seen. Worsening of discipline in the army becomes apparent.
Dunaj jako przeszkoda naturalna w operacjach wojsk rumuńskich
Authors: Dubicki Andrzej , Dubicki Tadeusz
Published: July 2021

The Danube is a significant natural obstacle. Since ancient times it has been used as a defense barrier, an important element of the defense system. Nevertheless, it often turned out that, despite its vastness, the great river was not a significant barrier to the opponent. Romanians have also benefited from this many times, shifting their troops to the southern shore in the wars of 1878, 1913 and 1916. In the article we present mainly the circumstances and course of crossing the Danube in these cases, together with an assessment of the crossing and its importance for the final conclusion of the campaign.
Zimowa służba żołnierzy Wojska Polskiego na Litwie i Łotwie na przełomie 1919/1920 r.
Authors: Jędrzejewska Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

Winter is not the best time for miltary operations. It is necessary when political situation or international agreements are contained. In 1919 and 1920 Polish Army has served in Lithuania and Latvia in winter time. In Lithuania the soldiers have practiced patrol and garrison duty on polish-lithuanian border. In the same time other polish units have taken part in military operation in Latvia. There were the common features of these mission: winter, snow, low temperatures. In these circumstances the duty was much difficult. What else, the soldiers have fallen ill like cold and frost-bites.
Polityka administracyjna ministrów spraw wewnętrznych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w dziedzinie aprowizacji i jej wpływ na aprowizację armii polskiej w latach 1
Authors: Kozyra Waldemar
Published: July 2021

It should be noted that in the Republic of Poland in the years 1918–1939 the main state institutions in the field of provisioning were: in the period of 1918–1921 the Ministry of Provisioning, in the years 1921–1938 the Ministry of the Interior, and in the years 1938–1939 the Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Reforms. Of course, in the entire interwar period for the provision of state supplies, and especially its main supply subsystems, such as urban population (various categories of cities and settlements), rural population (individual regions of the country), Polish army, public administration, state enterprises, industrial plants, etc. many specialized state (administrative) institutions, self-government structures, business entities and social organizations worked. However, it should be emphasized with all force that the concepts of the provisioning policy, and then the forms and methods of its implementation arose in the central and supreme institutions of the state, which, by virtue of government laws and ordinances, received competences in this respect. It should be recalled that for a great part of the interwar period the supreme state institution in the field of food supply policy was the Ministry of the Interior. Therefore, without knowing the twists and turns of the administrative policy of the Interior Ministers in the field of food supply, it is impossible to understand the ways of provisioning the society during the Second Polish Republic, and especially the forms, methods and problems related to the provisioning of the Polish Army. Finally, it should be noted that the provisioning system of the Polish State – starting from its very beginning – has although sometimes with difficulty, coped with not only the burden of provisioning the Polish society with food and necessities, but also the provisioning of the Polish army during the wars (1918–1921), during peace (1921–1939) as well as during the German-Polish war of 1939.
Możliwości prowadzenia działań bojowych na wodach śródlądowych II Rzeczypospolitej na przykładzie flotylli rzecznej Marynarki Wojennej w Pińsku
Authors: Bieniecki Ireneusz
Published: July 2021

The article presents the restrictions related to the conduct of combat operations by the vessels of the Navy River Fleet in Pinsk. It provides discussion of issues such as war doctrine of the Second Polish Republic and river fleets, geographical characteristics of Polesie, possibilities of conducting activities by the Pinsk Fleet in the assessment of commanders and superiors, as well as technical parameters of vessels and the resulting restrictions.
Wojna o wodę – wyzwanie dla bliskowschodnich armii w XX i XXI w.
Authors: Pogońska-Pol Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Due to geographical conditions, climate and political instability, the Middle East is mentioned as an area of future water conflict. In the 20th and 21st centuries there were numerous disputes over this raw material. Conflicts have both internal and external dimensions. The main dispute was between Israel and the Arabs and indirectly led to the June 1967 war. The Arab states also used the army as a deterrent in the race for water. The competition takes place on the line Iraq, Syria, Turkey. Water has also been used as a weapon in the Middle East. ISIS fought for dams to use them strategically and tactically.
Varietal Variation in Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Durum Wheat Genotypes under Salinity Stress
Authors: Soni Shobha , Sehrawat Nirmala , Kumar Naresh , Lata Charu , Kumar Ashwani , Mann Anita
Published: July 2021

Background: Rapid global warming associated with abiotic stresses particularly salinity stress directly poses a major challenge to the present-day agriculture. Wheat is moderately sensitive crop that occupies the largest total harvested area among the cereals including rice and maize. Durum wheat is considered as a less tolerant to bread wheat, hence, the study aims to investigate the response of durum wheat genotypes under salinity stress. Methods: A randomised block design experiment involving five durum wheat genotypes viz; HI 8737, HD 4728, HD 4730, MACS 3972 and HI 8708 and two levels of salinity i.e. normal water (Control) and saline water (ECiw -10.0 dSm-1) was conducted with three replications during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The observations on different physico-biochemical parameters were recorded in roots as well as shoots at the vegetative stage. Result: Salinity of 10 dS m-1 water caused 26.36% reduction in the chlorophyll content in comparison to control. Among osmolytes, salinity stress caused dual response i.e. limits the accumulation of TSS in roots whereas it enhanced the TSS accumulation in shoot, while reverse trend was noted for proteins. Salt stress enhanced the accumulation of proline and antioxidative enzymes activities in both root and shoot in comparison to control.
Impacto financiero de la renovación del parque automotor con autos híbridos en las empresas importadoras del sector automotriz en Lima Metropolitana, 2019
Authors:   , Huaman Cochachin Jennifer Noely , Muñoz Astuquipan Jharitza Paola
Published: July 2021

“GreenPeace” es una tendencia que hoy en día las personas siguen, la cual tiene como objetivo poner fin a los abusos en contra del medio ambiente y disfrutar de un futuro “verde”. Es así que varios países se están inclinando en poner reglas estrictas respecto al cuidado del ecosistema, una de estas son eliminar o reducir la emisión de gases contaminantes por parte de los autos a motor. En varios países como Brasil, Suiza, Holanda entre otros; ya se pusieron limitaciones al funcionamiento de los autos a motor. Es así que las empresas empezaron a ofrecer autos eléctricos e híbridos. En el Perú está sucediendo algo parecido, ya que el estado ha empezado a brindar incentivos como la eliminación del ISC; asimismo, tienen planeado ofrecer bonos y otro tipo de ayuda con el fin de incentivar el ingreso de los autos eléctricos e híbridos. Por tal motivo a futuro, las empresas automotoras que no se unan a este cambio, no serán sostenibles y estarán destinadas a quebrar. El presente trabajo de investigación profesional ha sido realizado con la finalidad de evaluar el impacto financiero que tendrán las empresas importadoras del sector automotriz a razón de la renovación del parque automotor en Lima con autos híbridos. Por lo tanto, ha sido desarrollado en relación a los conceptos financieros, principalmente, los costos, ya que, es la variable más influyente del tema investigado. Este trabajo de investigación se centra en el estudio de las empresas importadoras del sector automotriz en Lima. Es importante que las empresas en general del sector y sus principales gerencias, comprendan el impacto financiero que tendrán en el futuro próximo a razón de importar autos híbridos y la verdadera importancia de hacerlo, ya que, la escasez del combustible va en ascenso con el transcurso de los años y del consumo. En consecuencia, se espera que el presente trabajo de investigación sirva como base para lograr el entendimiento del sector y como se verá impactado financieramente a razón de la importación de estos vehículos. Para validar las hipótesis planteadas, se emplearon instrumentos de investigación cualitativos y cuantitativos. El instrumento cualitativo utilizado fue entrevista a profundidad a expertos del sector y los instrumentos cuantitativos fueron las encuestas realizadas. Todo el trabajo de investigación realizado tuvo como finalidad recabar información cualitativa y cuantitativa para corroborar las hipótesis planteadas. Finalmente, se desarrollará un caso práctico en el que se plantearán tres escenarios que comparan información financiera respecto a los vehículos de combustible convencionales que se encuentran en el mercado y a los vehículos híbridos.
Propuesta de mejora de los procesos calibración y ventas en una empresa comercializadora de equipos de medición industrial
Authors:   , Moloche Huamán Karen Fabiola
Published: July 2021

En la presente propuesta de mejora de procesos en Corporación ZAMTSU S.R.L., que es una empresa dedicada a la comercialización de instrumentos de medición industriales para el sector minero, energético y petrolero. Para la obtención de información, se realizaron entrevistas a los responsables de los procesos de venta y calibración, además se analizó una serie de registros, documentos, archivos, formatos y bases de datos, los cuales permitieron realizar un adecuado diagnóstico para establecer los problemas, sus causas y posibles soluciones. Una vez procesada la información, se llegó a la conclusión que, ZAMTSU no tenía un adecuado tratamiento para sus procesos, descuidando algunos aspectos de alta relevancia. Por otro lado, el 97% de los problemas encontrados se distribuye entre la falta de planificación en aprovisionamiento de instrumentos de medición industrial y retrasos en la calibración no conforme. Es por ello, que cualquier iniciativa o propuesta de mejora debe ir enfocada a los procesos que involucran estos problemas. El impacto económico por los procesos de calibración y ventas representa 72,412 nuevos soles de pérdida acumulada en el periodo 2013-2016, lo cual argumentó la elaboración de propuesta de mejora que se expondrá en los siguientes apartados.
Los servicios ecosistémicos culturales reconocidos por los visitantes de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas de la costa central del Perú y su influencia en la experiencia turística
Authors:   , Bravo Soto Yaniree Geraldine , Padilla Aspajo Milagros Isabel
Published: July 2021

Los servicios ecosistémicos son los beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales que las personas obtienen de los ecosistemas; están divididos en cuatro categorías: servicios de suministro, de regulación, de base y culturales. Los servicios ecosistémicos culturales (SEC) son beneficios inmateriales que las personas obtienen de la naturaleza. En el Perú, hay pocos estudios relacionados con los SEC, debido a que la mayoría están vinculados a los de regulación y de aprovisionamiento, por lo que el presente estudio aporta las valoraciones sociales en áreas naturales protegidas vinculadas al turismo. Este estudio analiza las subcategorías de SEC que los visitantes reconocen en dos Áreas Naturales Protegidas de la costa central del Perú: la Reserva Nacional de Paracas y la Reserva Nacional Sistemas de Islas Islotes y Puntas Guaneras – Sector Ballestas de manera que sirvan para el diseño de experiencias turísticas. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa basada en entrevistas a profundidad que recoge las percepciones y valoración de los SEC de visitantes nacionales, que fueron contrastadas con la oferta turística actual de ambas áreas protegidas. A partir del análisis, se identifica que en ambas áreas naturales protegidas las subcategorías más importantes son estética y recreativa.
Pendampingan Orang Tua Untuk Mendisiplinkan Anak Belajar Selama Masa Pandemi
Authors: Hanifah Nur , Budiyono Alief
Published: July 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government has issued a policy regarding home learning (Online/BDR). This makes parental assistance to children in learning disciplines more strategic. Until now, not many have studied research on parental assistance in disciplining children's learning. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Data were collected in in-depth interview techniques and participatory observation. The data source is the primary source (parents, either father or mother) which is approached purposively, and followed by snowball sampling. The data were further validated by source triangulation technique. The collected data was then analyzed using the Miles & Huberman interactive data analysis technique. The results of the study resulted in 3 models of mentoring in disciplining children to learn in the pandemic era, namely: First, the Oral Model (Inviting children to study, Encouraging children, and Reminding if there are tasks that have not been done). Second, the Action Model (Limiting the use of gadgets, Accompanying and helping/teaching children to learn, Creating a regular study schedule, Learning homework, and training children to be independent and interested in learning), Third, Additional Models (Consultation with teachers, Explaining the Covid-19 situation, and Provide additional tutoring/learning facilities
Abernethy Malformation in Children with Focal Liver Lesions
Authors: Arutyunyants D. E. , Khovrin V. V. , Galyan T. N. , Kulichkin A. S. , Filin A. V. , Kryzhanovskaya E. Yu.
Published: July 2021

Abernethy malformation is a congenital disease characterized by complete or partial underdevelopment of the portal vein, leading to the occurrence of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. The anomaly with the absence of the portal vein is detected in 80% of cases in childhood. Patients with this pathology are very frequently examined when detecting space-occupying liver lesions and assuming the presence of a vascular abnormality. The paper describes clinical cases of benign focal liver lesions and Abernethy malformation in children.
THE POTENTIAL OF USING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN CROATIA
Authors: Knežević Rade
Published: July 2021

This paper analyses final-energy consumption patterns in Croatian tourist destinations and it explores the potential for energy production based on renewable sources. It links the use of renewable sources in energy production with the need to promote sustainable tourism, provide energy-based amenities for tourists, and ensure environmental protection, and it focuses on solar power, wind power, the power of running water and biomass, the power of biofuel for motor vehicles, and biothermal energy as suitable sources of renewable energy. The paper also looks at the technologies used in converting renewable energy sources into energy. In closing, it suggests that a more dynamic approach should be taken in substituting fossil-based energy with renewable energy to achieve environmental and economic efficiency.
STATE AND LEGAL FRAME FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIP IN REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Authors: Perić Jože , Štiglec Jasenka
Published: July 2021

Public-Private Partnership as a model of financing the development projects claims for the active role of the state, especially regarding the legal frame and conditions. After the increasing importance of the partnership in the last twenty years and the individual encouragement, the EU plans the legal initiative on the level of the whole integration. For the countries in transition and Croatia as the specific case, partnership can be one of the key generators of development acceleration. Within the assumptions for partnership, the legal frame is the necessary prerequisite of the partnership.
TOURISM AND MANAGEMENT - A CHALLENGE FOR WOMEN
Authors: Stefanović Vidoje , Dimitrijević Ljiljana
Published: July 2021

The tourist trade and tourism management represent a special challenge to women. If this is the century of tourism, and if this is the time of “pink-collars” in management, that is, an invasion of female managers, then the domination of women in this industry can truly be expected. The authors point to numerous trends in tourism development that women have successfully embraced. Inevitable questions arise in the Balkan region: Is there a fear of strong women? What is the business style of female managers and what advantages do female managers have over their male counterparts? The authors seek the answers to these and other questions through case studies.
IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOTELS
Authors: Milohnić Ines
Published: July 2021

This work explores co-dependency of Public Relations and competitive advantage based on numerous interviews with 60 managers of small hotels in Croatia. Aim of this research is to state different ways and possibilities of public relations implementation as one of the modern, efficient leading functions which gives the opportunity of adapting to changes and needs of modern market. In its first part the research covers the qualitative grading of public relations’ implementation within the limits of communication strategy in small hotels business in Croatia. Second part refers to determining the place and role of competitive advantages in small hotels’ business within the context of measuring the public relations’ influence on the increase of small hotels’ competitive advantages increase in Croatia. The research has shown that the management of small hotels rarely applies public relations as a form of a continuous action with the aim of promoting vacation, without understanding that it is the way to improve its own type of business. The reasons for this could be found in the lack of possibility of each individual hotel's positioning as a result of insufficient funds, general and specific knowledge, as well as other possibilities. Using simple and multivariate regression analysis, the thesis of strong influence of competitive advantages on the increase of competitive advantages in small hotels in Croatia has been proven and the facts and propositions of implementation of public relations in small hotels’ business with the aim of competitive advantages increase have been stated. The research has shown that the management of public relations adds to the mastering of processes of creating specific strategies and shaping business politics to improve the competitive advantages in business objects in the market conditions.
Interannual and spatial variability of grape composition in the Rioja DOCa show better resilience of cv. Graciano than cv. Tempranillo under a warming scenario
Authors: Ramos Maria C. , Martínez de Toda Fernando
Published: July 2021

Weather conditions affect vine development and grape composition, although the response may be different depending on the variety and altitude. Under scenarios of climate change, the knowledge of the relationships between grape composition and climate is therefore important to know the suitability of a given cultivar. In this research, the variability of the grape composition of two red varieties with different phenological timings (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo and Graciano) cultivated in Rioja DOCa (Spain) and the climatic variables that have a higher effect on the response of each of them were analysed. Grape composition of both cultivars at technical maturity (considered when a probable volumetric alcoholic degree (PVAD) = 13 º was reached) was analysed during the period 2008–2020 in areas located at different elevations and related to the weather conditions recorded in those areas. The results show the effect of temperature and water availability in different periods during the growing cycle on grape composition and the potential benefits of cultivating at a higher elevation, under higher water availability. The anthocyanins were affected by the maximum temperatures recorded in the period before veraison and during ripening (period veraison to technical maturity), decreasing their concentrations with increasing temperatures. In addition, higher water availability gave rise to an increase in acidity. Graciano is shown as a variety more suitable than Tempranillo to be cultivated under warmer conditions.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE PARTICIPATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS IN THE INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION
Authors: VASIUCHONAK L
Published: July 2021

The Belarusian economic model, state ownership, small and medium business, forms of association of economic organizations in the republic, foreign investments and the presence of TNCs in the Belarusian market, the level of development of information and communication technologies are considered as the main factors of development of cooperation relations in the Republic of Belarus. The article shows the comprehension by all subjects of economic activity and especially by the elite of the country of the effectiveness and value of cooperation relations is an obligatory condition for the participation of the Republic of Belarus in international technological cooperation. It is necessary to master modern mechanisms of extracting significant economic effects from cooperation that can not be obtained in hierarchical and market relations and which today determine the competitiveness of enterprises and countries
THE RISKS OF INCONSISTENT INDUSTRIAL POLICIES OF THE EAEU AND METHODOLOGY DEFINITION OF CONSISTENT FORMS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION
Authors: НURSKY V
Published: July 2021

The article defines that the objectives of harmonization of industrial policies are:
preservation of the integrity of the country and ensuring economic security; implementation of positive integration effects; reducing transaction costs. The main risks of inconsistency of industrial policies are: risks of internal trust; risks of external pressure; risks of initial imbalance in the structure of the EAEU. The methodical complex of definition of consistent forms of industrial integration, on the basis of the target spatial model allowing to coordinate the purposes and components of industrial policies, concerning subjects of industrial development of the member States and among themselves is offered.
METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CITY AND ITS ADJUSTMENT
Authors: BUNKO S.
Published: July 2021

The strategy of city development is considered as the main form of management to city
competitiveness. The methodological support of assessment of effectiveness of city strategy’s realization and its adjustment taking into account dynamics of competitiveness including an algorithm of efficience assessment of strategy, an assessment technique of extent of performance of indicators taking into account coefficients of importance and the flowchart of making decision’s process on correction of strategy / the strategic plan.
Monitoring Polymer Flooding Performance Using Inflow Tracer Technology in Horizontal Injection and Production Wells
Authors: Janczak A. , Oftedal G. , Nikjoo E. , Hoy M. , Puls C. , Florian T. , Kornberger M. , Knauhs P. , Davidescu B. , Huseby O. , Clemens T.
Published: July 2021

Horizontal wells are frequently used to increase injectivity and for cost-efficient production of mobilized oil in polymer-augmented waterfloods. Usually, only fluid and polymer production data at the wellhead of the production well are available. We used inflow tracer technology to determine changes in hydrocarbon influx owing to polymer injection and to determine the connection from various zones of the horizontal injector to the horizontal producer.

Inflow tracer technology was introduced in horizontal polymer injection and production wells. In the production wells, tracers are released when they are contacted by water and oil. Oil and water tracer systems were used in the horizontal production wells. The changes in the observed tracer concentration were used to quantify changes in influx from various sections of the horizontal producers owing to polymer injection. The inflow tracer technology applied in the horizontal injection wells demonstrates connectivity between different sections of the injection wells and two surrounding vertical and horizontal production wells and opens the usage of this technology for interwell water tracer applications.

Inflow tracer technology enables one to elucidate the inflow from various sections of the horizontal wells and the changes thereof, even quantifying changes in influx of various fluids (oil and water). The information shows which sections are contributing and the substantial changes in the influx of oil from the various zones due to polymer solution injection. The overall incremental oil could be allocated to the various horizontal well sections based on the tracer results. Even zones that almost exclusively produced water before polymer injection showed a significant increase in oil influx. The inflow tracer technology installed in the injection well allowed us to analyze the connectivity of the injector to producer not only globally but spatially along the horizontal well. These data are used for reservoir characterization, to condition numerical models, and for reservoir management.

Conventional interwell tracer technology allows one to determine the connectivity and connected volumes of horizontal well polymer field developments. However, it reveals neither information about influx of the sections nor the connectivity of various sections of the horizontal wells. Inflow tracer technology closes this gap; it allows one to quantify changes in influx of the fluids. Furthermore, the newly developed installed injection well tracer technology gives spatial information about the connectivity of the horizontal well sections.
Smooth approximations by continuous choice-functions
Authors: Prunescu Mihai
Published: July 2021

We explore the existence of rational-valued approximation processes by continuous functions of two variables, such that the output continuously depends of the imposed error-bound. To this sake we prove that the theory of densely ordered sets with generic predicates is ℵ0- categorical. A model of the theory and a particular continuous choice-function are constructed. This function transfers to all other models by the respective isomorphisms. If some common-sense conditions are fulfilled, the processes are computable. As a byproduct, other functions with surprising properties can be constructed.
Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
Authors: Hua Yinggang , Li Long , Cai Liangliang , Liu Guoyan
Published: July 2021

P2RY1 receptor is known to cause cancer by activating the ERK signal pathway, its DNA methylation status or even the corresponding regulatory mechanism remains unknown. In this study, DNA methylation chip was used to profile the genome-wide DNA methylation level in gastric cancer tissues. Proliferation and apoptosis of the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line were determined after treatment with a selective P2RY1 receptor agonist, MRS2365. The promoter region of P2RY1 was found to be highly methylated with 4 hypermethylated sites (|Δβ value| >0.2) in diffuse gastric cancer and then were validated by bioinformatic analysis in TCGA database. Analysis of MRS2365-treated cells by annexin-V/PI staining and Caspase-3 activity assays indicated the induction of apoptosis in SGC7901 cells. P2RY1 receptor activation in human SGC7901 gastric cancer cells via the MRS2365 agonist induced apoptosis and reduced cell growth. High DNA methylation in the promoter region of P2RY1 may have contributed to the reduced expression of P2RY1’s mRNA, which is likely responsible for the “aggressive” nature of the diffuse type gastric cancer.
Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers of Potential Hub Genes in Urothelial Carcinoma and Function in Microenvironment
Authors: Chu Wei , Zhang Bing , Gong Haifeng , Zhao Qianqian , Chen Jun , Ji Hong
Published: July 2021

Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common histological type of urinary system. In the past decades, despite the advances in UC diagnosis and therapy, there are still challenges to improve the overall survival (OS) of UC patients. PD-L1 inhibitor and PD-1 inhibitor have been approved for treating invasive UC, however, only about 20% of patients with metastatic UC show clinical benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefor, bioinformatics tools were utilized to screen prognostic-related biomarkers, and analyze their relationship with immunocyte in UC, hoping to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC patients.Methods: Three gene expression profiles (i.e. GSE32548, GSE32894 and GSE48075) were selected from GEO, and divide them into invasive and superficial UC group for study. NetworkAnalyst tool was used to construct gene regulatory network of DEGs, while DAVID and Metascape were utilized to perform GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs. The hub genes were screened by STRING and cytoscape, and the ONCOMINE, GEPIA, UALCAN, cBioPortal and HPA databases were used to analyze the expression differences at the DNA, RNA, protein levels and prognostic of UC. TIMER was used to analyze the relationship between hub genes and immunocyte infiltration.Results: In total, 63 DEGs were identified from the GEO database of UC, of which 31 and 32 were up-and down-regulated. GO/KEGG pathway analysis identified DEGs were mainly enriched in the collagen catabolic process, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, ECM structural constituent and ECM-receptor interaction. Nine hub genes (i.e. COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A2, MMP9, POSTN, SPP1, VCAN and THBS2) upregulated in invasive UC compared with superficial UC were identified. cBioportal database analysis showed that 35% of UC patients presented genetic variants in the hub genes, of which amplification and deletion mutations were the most common. ONCOMINE and UALCAN database analysis showed that the mRNA expression of all hub genes in invasive UC was significantly higher than that in superficial UC and normal tissues. HPA database analysis showed that there was up-regulation of COL3A1, SPP1, POSTN and VCAN protein in UC tissues than in normal tissues. GEPIA showed that COL1A2, COL3A1, THBS2, and VCAN were positively correlated with the OS rate among patients with UC (P < 0.05). UALCAN showed that UC patients with high expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A2 and POSTN had a poorer prognosis (P < 0.05). TRRUST database analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between the expression of the hub genes and the infiltration of CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Conclusion: Hub genes played important roles in pathogenesis and treatment prognosis of UC and they can provides new biomolecular predictions for immunotherapy and prognosis judgment of UC.
Characterization and Mutagenesis of a Novel Mycobacterium Smegmatis -Derived Glutamate Decarboxylase Active at Neutral pH
Authors: Li Yudi , Chen Guiying , Ge Fanglan , Dang Ting , Ren Yao , Shi Fengfei , Chen Hongjin , li wei
Published: July 2021

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has various physiological functions and is widely used in medicine, food, and other fields. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-glutamate to synthesize GABA. However, the industrial application of microorganism-derived GAD is limited by its rapid loss of enzymatic activity with pH approaching neutrality. In this study, a novel glutamate decarboxylase, GAD MSM, from Mycobacterium smegmatis was overexpressed and purified. On the basis of homologous modeling and substrate molecular docking, several GAD MSM mutants were constructed, and their enzymatic properties were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal pH of wild-type GAD MSM is 5.4; at pH 6.2, 22.8% enzymatic activity was retained; the T211 amino acid residue and C-terminal deletion mutant GAD MSMΔC showed relatively high catalytic activity in a pH range of 5.0–7.0. The V max and K m values of GAD MSMΔC were 14.69 and 5.70, respectively, at pH 5.5, and 9.87 and 6.17, respectively, at pH 7.0. Compared with the wild-type GAD, GAD MSMΔC still maintained higher affinity and enzymatic activity of the substrate, maintaining 78.5% of the highest enzymatic activity even at pH 7.0, which is the highest reported activity retention for GAD under neutral pH condition. Therefore, GAD MSMΔC can be used for the transformation of high-yielding strains and industrial production of GABA.
The Pandemic Stressor Scale – Factorial Validity and Reliability of a Measure of Stressors During a Pandemic
Authors: Lotzin Annett , Ketelsen Ronja , Zrnic Irina , Lueger-Schuster Brigitte , Böttche Maria , Schäfer Ingo
Published: July 2021

Background: This study aimed to assess the factorial validity and reliability of the Pandemic Stressor Scale (PaSS), a new measure to assess the severity of distress for different stressors relevant during a pandemic or epidemic. Methods: The PaSS was administered in N = 2760 German participants. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract factors. The factor structure obtained in the German sample was examined in N = 1021 Austrian participants using confirmatory factor analysis. χ², RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, TLI were assessed as global goodness of fit indices for two models (Model 1: nine-factor model; Model 2: nine-factor model combined with a second-order general factor). We additionally assessed factor loadings, communalities, factor reliability, discriminant validity as local fit indices. Internal consistency, item discrimination, and item difficulty were assessed as additional test quality criteria.Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis suggested a nine-factor solution with factor loadings accounting for 50.4% of the total variance (Factor 1 ‘Problems with Childcare’, Factor 2 ‘Work-related Problems’, Factor 3 ‘Restricted Face-to-Face Contact’, Factor 4 ‘Burden of Infection ‘, Factor 5 ‘Crisis Management and Communication’, Factor 6 ‘Difficult Housing Condition’, Factor 7 ‘Fear of Infection’, Factor 8 ‘Restricted Access to Resources’, Factor 9 ‘Restricted Activity’). The confirmatory factor analysis showed a sufficient global fit for both tested models (Model 1: χ² (369, N =1021) = 1443.28, p < .001, RMSEA = .053, SRMR = .055, CFI = .919, TLI = .904; Model 2: χ² (396, N = 1021) = 1948.51, p < .001, RMSEA = .062, SRMR = .074, CFI = .883, TLI = .871). The results of the chi-square difference test indicated a significantly better model-fit of Model 1 compared to Model 2 (∆χ² (27, N = 1021) = 505.23, p < .001). Local goodness of fit indices were comparable for both tested models. We found good factor reliabilities for all factors and moderate to large factor loadings of the items as indicators. In Model 2, four first-order factors showed small factor loadings on the second-order general factor. Conclusion: The Pandemic Stressor Scale showed sufficient factorial validity for the nine measured domains of stressors during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
PEX-168 Improves Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Response and Adipokines in Simple Obese Mice: A Mechanistic Exploration
Authors: Guo Zeyuan , Wu Yuting , Sun Xiaofang
Published: July 2021

Background：Polyethylene glycol losenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice.Methods：Thirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC) and an obesity model group. The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD)). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP), chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks.Results：Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the LDand HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the HD and LD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05).Conclusion：PEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and prevented the development of diabetes. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin mainly through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.