bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Trial Evaluating the Effect of 10 versus 20 Revolutions Inside the Lymph Node on the Diagnostic Yield of EBUS-TBNA in Subjects with Sarcoidosis
Authors: Dhooria Sahajal , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Gupta Nalini , Bal Amanjit , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Ram Babu , Agarwal Ritesh
Published: July 2018

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is the preferred modality for sampling intrathoracic lymph nodes in patients with suspected sarcoidosis. Whether the number of revolutions of the needle inside the lymph node while performing TBNA affects the diagnostic yield is unknown. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to compare the yield of different numbers of needle revolutions (10 vs. 20) during EBUS-TBNA in sarcoidosis. Methods: Consecutive subjects with a clinicoradiological suspicion of sarcoidosis were randomized 1: 1 to undergo EBUS-TBNA with either 10 (group 1) or 20 revolutions (group 2). The primary and secondary outcomes were the diagnostic yield and adequacy of aspirates, respectively. Other outcomes were procedure duration, gross blood contamination of the aspirates, and safety of the procedure. Results: Of the 171 subjects screened, 150 (mean age 43.5 years; 47.3% women) were randomized. A mean of 2.8 (group 1: 2.8, group 2: 2.7; p = 0.37) lymph nodes were sampled per subject with a mean of 2.1 passes per node in each group (p = 0.60). Among 133 subjects finally diagnosed with sarcoidosis, there was no difference (p = 0.65) in the diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA between group 1 (52/65, 80.0%) and group 2 (57/68, 83.8%). Adequate aspirates were obtained in 96.9 and 97.1% of the subjects in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 1.00). There was no difference in the procedure duration, the proportion of subjects with grossly bloody specimens, or complications between the 2 groups. Conclusions: The diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy were not different when EBUS-TBNA was performed with 10 or 20 revolutions in subjects with sarcoidosis.
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lindsäter Elin , Axelsson Erland , Salomonsson Sigrid , Santoft Fredrik , Ejeby Kersti , Ljótsson Brjánn , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Lekander Mats , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik
Published: July 2018

Background: Prolonged exposure to stress can lead to substantial suffering, impairment and societal costs. However, access to psychological treatment is limited. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) can be effective in reducing symptoms of stress, but little is known of its effects in clinical samples. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ICBT for patients suffering from chronic stress, operationalized as adjustment disorder (AD) and exhaustion disorder (ED). Methods: A total of 100 adults diagnosed with AD or ED were randomly assigned to a 12-week ICBT (n = 50) or waitlist control condition (n = 50). Primary outcome was the level of perceived stress (PSS). Secondary outcomes included several mental health symptom domains as well as functional impairment and work ability. All outcomes were assessed at baseline, after treatment and at the 6-month follow-up. The study was preregistered at Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02540317. Results: Compared to the control condition, patients in the ICBT group made large and significant improvements on the PSS (d = 1.09) and moderate to large improvements in secondary symptom domains. Effects were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. There was no significant between-group effect on functional impairment or work ability. Conclusions: A relatively short ICBT is indicated to be effective in reducing stress-related symptoms in a clinical sample of patients with AD and ED, and has the potential to substantially increase treatment accessibility. Results must be replicated, and further research is needed to understand the relationship between symptom reduction, functional impairment and work ability.
Treatment-Resistant Human Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis: An Immune-Inflammatory Approach to Cysticidal Treatment Outcome
Authors: Arce-Sillas Asiel , Cárdenas Graciela , Álvarez-Luquín Diana , Hernandez Marisela , del Rey Adriana , Besedovsky Hugo , Gómez-Fuentes Sandra , Fragoso Gladis , Fleury Agnes , Sciutto Edda , Adalid-Peralta Laura
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the immune-endocrine profile in neurocysticercosis (NC) patients resistant to cysticidal treatment. Methods: The inflammatory and regulatory responses of 8 resistant NC patients with extraparenchymal parasites and 5 healthy controls were evaluated through flow cytometry. Serum interleukin levels were measured by ELISA and catecholamines levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Higher percentages of Tr1, CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CD127– and CD4+CD45RO+FOXP3HI were found in NC patients compared with healthy controls, but no difference was found in catecholamine levels. Antigen-specific proliferative immune response was observed in NC patients. Neither anti-inflammatory nor pro-inflammatory cytokines showed differences between patients and controls, but IL-6 levels were lower in treatment-resistant NC patients. In addition, TGFβ showed a significant negative correlation with dopamine. Conclusions: Altogether, these results may point to a modulation of the neuroinflammation in these patients that could indirectly favor cysticercal survival in CNS microenvironment.
Failure to Respond after Reinstatement of Antidepressant Medication: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bosman Renske C. , Waumans Ruth C. , Jacobs Gabriel E. , Oude Voshaar Richard C. , Muntingh Anna D.T. , Batelaan Neeltje M. , van Balkom Anton J.L.M.
Published: July 2018

Background: Following remission of an anxiety disorder or a depressive disorder, antidepressants are frequently discontinued and in the case of symptom occurrence reinstated. Reinstatement of antidepressants seems less effective in some patients, but an overview is lacking. This systematic review aimed to provide insight into the magnitude and risk factors of response failure after reinstatement of antidepressants in patients with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: PubMed, Embase, and trial registers were systematically searched for studies in which patients: (1) had an anxiety disorder, a depressive disorder, OCD, or PTSD and (2) experienced failure to respond after reinstatement of a previously effective antidepressant. Results: Ten studies reported failure to respond following antidepressant reinstatement. The phenomenon was observed in 16.5% of patients with a depressive disorder, OCD, and social phobia and occurred in all common classes of antidepressants. The range of response failure was broad, varying between 3.8 and 42.9% across studies. No risk factors for failure to respond were investigated. The overall study quality was limited. Conclusion: Research investigating response failure is scarce and the study quality limited. Response failure occurred in a substantial minority of patients. Contributors to the relevance of this phenomenon are the prevalence of the investigated disorders, the number of patients being treated with antidepressants, and the occurrence of response failure for all common classes of antidepressants. This systematic review highlights the need for studies systematically investigating this phenomenon and associated risk factors.
Upregulation of MIAT Regulates LOXL2 Expression by Competitively Binding MiR-29c in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Qu Yan , Xiao Haibing , Xiao Wen , Xiong Zhiyong , Hu Wenjun , Gao Yaoying , Ru Zeyuan , Wang Cheng , Bao Lin , Wang Kesan , Ruan Hailong , Song Zhengshuai , Chen Ke , Zhang Xiaoping , Yang Hongmei
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: MIAT is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) involved in cell proliferation and the development of tumor. However, the exact effects and molecular mechanisms of MIAT in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression are still unknown. Methods: We screened the lncRNAs’ profile of ccRCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and then examined the expression levels of lncRNA MIAT in 45 paired ccRCC tissue specimens and in cell lines by q-RT-PCR. MTS, colony formation, EdU, and Transwell assays were performed to examine the effect of MIAT on proliferation and metastasis of ccRCC. Western blot and luciferase assays were performed to determine whether MIAT can regulate Loxl2 expression by competitively binding miR-29c in ccRCC. Results: MIAT was up-regulated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. High MIAT expression correlated with worse clinicopathological features and shorter survival rate. Functional assays showed that knockdown of MIAT inhibited renal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase and western blot assays further confirmed that miR-29c binds with MIAT. Additionally, the correlation of miR-29c with MIAT and Loxl2 was further verified in patients' samples. Conclusion: Our data indicated that MIAT might be an oncogenic lncRNA that promoted proliferation and metastasis of ccRCC, and could be a potential therapeutic target in human ccRCC.
O lado bricoleur de Pedro Costa
Authors: Pessuto Kelen
Published: July 2018

Neste artigo, analisa-se a evolução do método de filmagem do cineasta português Pedro Costa. Grande admirador do movimento punk dos anos 1970, Costa não esconde a influência que o movimento exerce no seu modo de fazer cinema. A partir da ideia do DIY – do it yourself – o diretor torna-se um bricoleur ao se utilizar da técnica da colagem na realização de seus filmes, principalmente na pré-produção. Trata-se aqui da bricolagem enquanto técnica. Desde O Sangue (1989), primeiro longa-metragem de Costa, até Cavalo Dinheiro (2014), o processo de produção do diretor tem progredido em direção a uma maneira de filmar própria e que cada vez mais se aproxima da Antropologia. O termo bricolagem surge consagrado na Antropologia por Lévi-Strauss, ao se referir ao pensamento mítico, contrapondo-o ao científico. No cinema, a figura do bricoleur é representada, especialmente, por Jean-Luc Godard. Procura-se ainda analisar as etapas em que consiste o processo de Costa, seu modus operandi, a partir do material extrafílmico que permeia sua obra, como suas entrevistas, escritas e o curso ministrado pelo diretor.
Vídeo-Ritual: Circuitos Imagéticos e Filmagens Rituais entre os Mebêngôkre - Kayapó (Dossiê Olhares Cruzados)
Authors: Demarchi André , Dias Diego Madi
Published: July 2018

Este artigo apresenta algumas redes de relações imagéticas e rituais existentes entre aldeias mebêngôkre, continuando o trabalho de descrição e análise da produção cultural (e ritual) contemporânea desse povo indígena habitante da Floresta Amazônica e falante de uma língua Jê. Parte-se dos resultados obtidos em pesquisas já publicadas sobre a intricada relação entre a produção de vídeos e a produção ritual. Considerando que as tecnologias de reprodução de imagens foram apropriadas pelos Mebêngôkre há mais de três décadas, busca-se expor não apenas as características específicas dos circuitos imagéticos contemporâneos, mas também as especificidades do produto visual de maior circulação nessa vasta rede: as filmagens rituais. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, duplo: demonstrar a importância da circulação de imagens entre as diferentes aldeias mebêngôkre e responder a pergunta sobre o porquê de serem as filmagens rituais os principais artefatos imagéticos que circulam nessa rede. Ao fim, propõe-se a ideia de uma ética transgeracional mebêngôkre presente na produção e circulação das filmagens rituais.
Fotografia e (des) encontro: a narrativa fotográfica do contato oficial dos Asuriní do Xingu e suas versões
Authors: Villela Alice
Published: July 2018

Este artigo aborda os encontros e desencontros de concepções e entendimentos entre os Asuriní do Xingu e os padres etnólogos, que realizaram o contato oficial com o grupo em 1971, em torno da presença da fotografia nessa situação. Pretende explorar de forma comparativa a presença das fotografias no projeto documental e científico de Lukesch, publicado em 1976 no livro Bearded indians of the tropical forest, em contraposição à sua agência entre os Asuriní quase quarenta anos depois. O objetivo é construir uma narrativa fotográfica do contato informada por versões de padres etnólogos e de índios. Tais versões por vezes se contrapõem, ao mesmo tempo que revelam que fotografias funcionam como mediadoras de relações entre índios e brancos. Se as fotografias são as mesmas, seus usos são bastante distintos: os padres etnólogos as empregam como evidências de que o contato foi pacífico, e os Asuriní as utilizam como artefatos da memória.
Uma festa nos subúrbios cariocas: pessoas e coisas em torno de Cosme e Damião
Authors: Oliveira Thiago da Costa
Published: July 2018

Este ensaio visa uma descrição fotoetnográfica dos festejos de Cosme e Damião nos subúrbios do Rio de Janeiro, enfocando os processos de produção das ofertas, mobilização de famílias e vizinhanças, bem como as dinâmicas espaciais características das trocas-dádivas ocorridas neste contexto. Estes festejos misturam tradições religiosas católicas e de origem africana (umbanda e candomblé) – o que se nota nas práticas, discursos e nos materiais (doces, roupas, imagens) enfocados no ensaio, bem como em uma certa noção de infância que se desdobra a partir das ofertas de doces características da data. Por meio de uma apresentação reflexiva da captura de fotografias realizada em torno do dia 27 de setembro de 2015, este trabalho visa mostrar, em textos e imagens, como se “faz uma festa”, e quais as operações espaciais e interativas confluem neste evento religioso.
O Pasamontañas como espelho
Authors: Hilsenbeck Filho Alexander Maximilian
Published: July 2018

O ensaio fotográfico buscou contemplar a paradoxal característica dos rostos indígenas zapatistas cobertos pelos pasamontañas. O que permitem desvelar e para quais possibilidades apontam os olhares insurgentes? Como em um espelho - em que podemos enxergá-los e, concomitantemente, enxergar-nos - o que vemos? Que outros mundos podemos imaginar pelos olhos de rostos cobertos de dignidade, que há mais de duas décadas, entre o fogo e a palavra, constroem processos de autonomia política e social?
Objeto afetivo: usos sociais, tempo e fotografias comentadas
Authors: Bispo Alexandre Araujo
Published: July 2018

O texto é uma resenha do livro “O instante certo” de Dorrit Harazim. Sugere-se que o livro pode ser lido de três modos: como uma exposição de fotos, um documento que comprova a experiência profissional da autora, ou um álbum de família, no qual as fotos são visualizadas e acompanhadas de comentários. Nesse último sentido, o livro funciona como um objeto afetivo e seus textos como a fala da autora sobre as fotografias de que gosta. As imagens se transformam com o passar do tempo, ganham novos sentidos e usos, quanto podem ser esquecidas. Ao contar suas histórias Harazim as coloca novamente em circulação.
Yolsuzluk ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler için Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: Çeştepe Hamza , Ergün Tatar Havanur
Published: July 2018

Gelir
eşitsizliği, hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkeler açısından son derece
önemli bir olgudur. Küreselleşme sürecinde değişen dünya sistemiyle birlikte
gelir eşitsizliği ve nedenleri, birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada,
gelir eşitsizliğinin önemli nedenlerinden biri olan yolsuzlukla gelir
eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişki ampirik olarak incelenmiştir. Yolsuzluğun yanı
sıra kişi başına GSYİH artışı, nüfus artışı ve işsizlik oranı değişkenlerinin
gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkisini incelemek için, verisine ulaşılabilen
(seçilmiş) gelişmekte olan ülkeler örneği kullanılmıştır. Seçilmiş ülke
grubunun 1999-2014 dönemi verileriyle panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan
analiz sonucunda, yolsuzluk ve işsizlik arttıkça gelir dağılımının bozulduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.
Molecular and morphological characterisation of Cryptaphelenchus baujardi n. sp. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae), a new species based on two populations from Iran
Authors: Aliramaji Farzad , Miraeiz Esmaeil , Pourjam Ebrahim , Heydari Ramin
Published: July 2018

Cryptaphelenchus baujardin. sp. is described and illustrated based on two populations from Golestan province, northern Iran. The new species is characterised by female and male body length of 224 (190-261) and 215 (195-229)μm, respectively, offset cephalic region with a shallow constriction, delicate stylet 6.6 (6.0-7.0)μm long, four incisures in the lateral field, presence of a rudimentary post-uterine sac in the female gonoduct, elongate-conoid female tail ending in an acute to finely rounded terminus, male tail conical, male with seven caudal papillae and delicate spicules. The new species shows a strong resemblance toC. varicaudatusandC. iranicus, but has a sclerotised mass near the tip of the spicule and an indistinct spermatheca. Phylogenetic analyses based on both partial SSU and LSU rDNA sequences confirm its status as a new taxon.
“Potsdam Revisited: Prelude to a Divided Korea”
Authors: Matray James I.
Published: July 2018

Scholarly debate about the reasons for Korea’s division at the 38th parallel in August 1945 has not been particularly intense. Early historical accounts accepted the u.s. government’s claim that the United States and the Soviet Union made a hasty decision to partition the country as a matter of military convenience to coordinate the acceptance of the surrender of Japanese forces at the end of World War ii. By the early 1980s, however, new research had established that President Harry S. Truman planned to occupy all of Korea after using the atomic bomb, which was designed to force Japan’s surrender before the Soviet Union entered the Pacific War. But when Premier Joseph Stalin sent the Red Army into Korea, Truman proposed dividing Korea to prevent the Soviets from imposing Communist rule on the entire nation. Recently, some South Korean scholars have challenged this interpretation. Relying on new research, they contend that during the Potsdam Conference, u.s. and Soviet officials negotiated a secret agreement to divide Korea at the 38th parallel. This research note examines Won Bom Lee’s article making this argument, showing how it lacks evidentiary support to overturn the standard explanation for Korea’s division.
Juárez, P., Flores, R. & Blanco, M.A. (2018) Bauhinia proboscidea (Fabaceae: Cercidoideae), a new species from Costa Rica and Panama, with notes on B. beguinotii, B. gorgonae and B. pansamalana. Phytotaxa 361 (1): 25–40.
Authors: JUÁREZ PEDRO , FLORES RODOLFO , BLANCO MARIO A.
Published: July 2018

N/A
New black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from Eastern Australia
Authors: MOHRIG WERNER , KAUSCHKE ELLEN , BROADLEY ADAM
Published: July 2018

The following 17 species are described as new for science: Austrosciara heterospinata sp. n., Aus. kalliesi sp. n., Aus. multispinulata sp. n., Aus. stockerae sp. n., Aus. trichovenosa sp. n., Bradysia chloroantennata sp. n., B. fuscovirgata sp. n., B. loudoni sp. n., B. macrotrichata sp. n., B. nigroantennata sp. n., B. parareflexa sp. n., Cratyna (Peyerimhoffia) subvagabunda sp. n., Euricrium (Austroeuricrium) australiensis sp. n., Phytosciara crocera sp. n., Pseudolycoriella latostylata sp. n., Psl. rubroalata sp. n., and Scatopsciara nigrothoracica sp. n. The following 4 species are new records for Australia: B. aspercera Mohrig, B. centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig (both from Papua New Guinea), B. gibbosa Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig and Pseudolycoriella capillosa Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig (both from New Caledonia). Euricrium australiensis sp. n. is the type species of the subgenus Austroeuricrium subgen. n. First detections of the species B. conjuncta (Skuse), B. exsequialis (Skuse), B. pernitida (Skuse) and B. pictipes (Skuse) were made after their description in the 19th century. One species was declared as a new synonym: B. centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 = B. mutuata Mohrig, 2016 syn. n. Five species were excluded from the subgenus Peyerimhoffia. Four are newly combined in the genus Corynoptera, crassistylata group [C. sparsula (Shi & Huang) comb. n., C. brachypoda (Shi & Huang) comb. n., C. yunnana (Shi & Huang) comb. n., C. shennongjiana (Shi & Huang) comb. n.], one in Corynoptera s. str. [C. longiprojecta (Shi & Huang) comb. n.]. Corynoptera longiprojecta (Shi & Huang) is a junior synonym of Corynoptera diversicalcaria Mohrig, 2004 from Papua New Guinea.
The identity of Cicinnus orthane Blanchard, 1852 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonidae, Cicinninae), type species of Cicinnus Blanchard, 1852
Authors: LAURENT RYAN A. ST , GIUSTI ALESSANDRO , MIELKE CARLOS G. C.
Published: July 2018

In order to clarify the identity of the type species of one of the most diverse Mimallonidae genera, Cicinnus Blanchard, 1852, we designate a lectotype for Cicinnus orthane Blanchard, 1852 with photographs of the lectotype (dorsal and ventral) and its genitalia figured for the first time. Cicinnus orthane, described from Chile, is a close morphological match for a southeastern Brazilian species, which we also illustrate for comparative purposes. Because the lectotype of C. orthane is female, we include both sexes of this related Brazilian species in order to facilitate the figuring of male genitalia as well as comparisons of the female genitalia. We are therefore able to establish sound morphological characteristics for Cicinnus sensu stricto, namely in the males the bifid configuration of the gnathos, a complex juxtal arrangement fused to the phallus, and largely membranous valvae; and in the females a wide and narrow lamella antevaginalis, lack of setae covered bulbous masses on either side of the lamella antevaginalis, well-sclerotized and posteriorly protruding tergite VIII, and reduced, stout apophyses anteriores which are about one quarter the length of the apophyses posteriores.
Aradidae from Vietnam V. Bifurcatoaptera, a new genus of apterous Carventinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae) from Vietnam
Authors: BAI XIAOSHUAN , HEISS ERNST , CAI WANZHI
Published: July 2018

A new apterous genus and species of Aradidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), Bifurcatoaptera lamdongensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from Vietnam. The diagnostic morphological features of the new species are described and illustrated.
Cloud System Evolution in the Trades (CSET): Following the Evolution of Boundary Layer Cloud Systems with the NSF–NCAR GV
Authors: Albrecht Bruce , Ghate Virendra , Mohrmann Johannes , Wood Robert , Zuidema Paquita , Bretherton Christopher , Schwartz Christian , Eloranta Edwin , Glienke Susanne , Donaher Shaunna , Sarkar Mampi , McGibbon Jeremy , Nugent Alison D. , Shaw Raymond A. , Fugal Jacob , Minnis Patrick , Paliknoda Robindra , Lussier Louis , Jensen Jorgen , Vivekanandan J. , Ellis Scott , Tsai Peisang , Rilling Robert , Haggerty Julie , Campos Teresa , Stell Meghan , Reeves Michael , Beaton Stuart , Allison John , Stossmeister Gregory , Hall Samuel , Schmidt Sebastian
Published: July 2018

The Cloud System Evolution in the Trades (CSET) study was designed to describe and explain the evolution of the boundary layer aerosol, cloud, and thermodynamic structures along trajectories within the North Pacific trade winds. The study centered on seven round trips of the National Science Foundation–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF–NCAR) Gulfstream V (GV) between Sacramento, California, and Kona, Hawaii, between 7 July and 9 August 2015. The CSET observing strategy was to sample aerosol, cloud, and boundary layer properties upwind from the transition zone over the North Pacific and to resample these areas two days later. Global Forecast System forecast trajectories were used to plan the outbound flight to Hawaii with updated forecast trajectories setting the return flight plan two days later. Two key elements of the CSET observing system were the newly developed High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Cloud Radar (HCR) and the high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL). Together they provided unprecedented characterizations of aerosol, cloud, and precipitation structures that were combined with in situ measurements of aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and turbulence properties. The cloud systems sampled included solid stratocumulus infused with smoke from Canadian wildfires, mesoscale cloud–precipitation complexes, and patches of shallow cumuli in very clean environments. Ultraclean layers observed frequently near the top of the boundary layer were often associated with shallow, optically thin, layered veil clouds. The extensive aerosol, cloud, drizzle, and boundary layer sampling made over open areas of the northeast Pacific along 2-day trajectories during CSET will be an invaluable resource for modeling studies of boundary layer cloud system evolution and its governing physical processes.
Point‐of‐Care Cerebrospinal Fluid Detection
Authors: Kita Ashley E. , Bradbury Daniel W. , Taylor Zachary D. , Kamei Daniel T. , St. John Maie A.
Published: July 2018

Objective

A cerebrospinal fluid leak is one of the most serious complications in otolaryngology. It may occur as a result of injury to the skull base, typically traumatic or iatrogenic. While the presence of a leak is often discerned in the emergent setting, distinguishing normal secretions from those containing cerebrospinal fluid can be difficult during postoperative visits in the clinic. As most current laboratory‐based assays are labor intensive and require several days to result, we aim to develop a more user‐friendly and rapid point‐of‐care cerebrospinal fluid detection device.

Study Design

Our laboratory developed a barcode‐style lateral‐flow immunoassay utilizing antibodies for beta‐trace protein, a protein abundant in and specific for cerebrospinal fluid, with a concentration of 1.3 mg/L delineating a positive result.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Tests with known concentrations of resuspended beta‐trace protein and the contents of discarded lumbar drains (presumed to contain cerebrospinal fluid) were performed to validate our novel device.

Results

Our results demonstrate the ability of our device to semiquantitatively identify concentrations of beta‐trace protein from 0.3‐90 mg/L, which is within the required range to diagnose a leak, thus making beta‐trace protein an excellent target for rapid clinical detection.

Conclusion

Herein we detail the creation and initial validation of the first point‐of‐care cerebrospinal fluid detection device. This device is a feasible method to more efficiently and cost‐effectively identify cerebrospinal fluid leaks, minimize costs, and improve patient outcomes.
Global financial network and liquidity risk
Authors: Inekwe John Nkwoma , Jin Yi , Valenzuela Maria Rebecca
Published: July 2018

This article investigates the impact of global financial integration on liquidity risk. Using the network approach and bank-level data for 95 countries, we find weak asymmetry in the relationship between net stable funding and financial connectedness. Our results suggest that the degree of connectedness between banks is inversely related to funding stability. We also find that banks that are strongly connected to important lenders take on more risks relative to those that have independent access to finance in the financial network. Our results are consistent and invariant when either internal or external instruments are used to resolve econometric issues.

JEL Classification: F21, F34, F36, G15, G33
A Long-Term Performance Evaluation of an Experimental Concrete Overlay
Authors: Greene James , Kwon Ohhoon , Nazef Abdenour , Choubane Bouzid
Published: July 2018

Flexible pavements are often rehabilitated by milling distressed asphalt and placing new asphalt at a thickness that accounts for expected traffic growth and pavement life. However, there are many reported benefits to concrete overlays as a method to rehabilitate and preserve distressed asphalt pavements. In 1988, the Florida Department of Transportation designed and constructed an unbonded concrete overlay on US-1 between Daytona Beach and Titusville. The 1.9-mile concrete overlay was part of a larger 8-mile milling and resurfacing of a deteriorated asphalt pavement. The concrete overlay test sections were divided into three groups based on design thicknesses of 6, 7, and 8 inches. Each of these groups included subsections with three joint spacing levels and two dowel bar configurations consisting of standard 12-inch spacing and wheel path only. The overlay sections are still in service with no major rehabilitation effort. The primary distress is pavement roughness found in sections with wheel path dowels only. The section with the most cracked slabs had joint spacings of 20 ft, which is no longer recommended. This paper documents the experimental program and presents the analysis and findings.
Facilitating Smart Growth with Context-Sensitive Transportation Review of Site Development
Authors: Hardy Daniel , Graye Eric , Van Nostrand Caleb
Published: July 2018

In 2016, Montgomery County, Maryland revamped the approach with which the planning department reviews transportation impacts of site development. The development of the 2017 Local Area Transportation Review Guidelines included a comprehensive and collaborative review of alternative approaches to growth management and resulted in the development of more robust and multimodal analytic approaches, a set of context-sensitive and multimodal trip generation rates, and a commitment to continue the development of pro-rata share districts in lieu of traditional traffic impact studies. The 2017 guidelines were developed with the benefit of a review of contemporary best practices nationwide and a 30-person working group representing various transportation impact review stakeholder interests that convened 21 times over the course of 3 years. The new approach was developed to balance three potentially competing objectives: streamline the process in smart growth areas of the county, increase the degree of multimodalism, and increase the degree of robustness in the analytic approach and data. The key additions to the process included establishing policy area groupings based on transportation demand characteristics; developing a set of context-sensitive, multimodal trip generation rates; and introducing quantitative tests for non-auto impacts. This paper highlights both the process and outcomes of the updated approach.
Evaluating Factors Influencing the Severity of Three-Plus Multiple-Vehicle Crashes using Real-Time Traffic Data
Authors: Kitali Angela E. , Kidando Emmanuel , Martz Paige , Alluri Priyanka , Sando Thobias , Moses Ren , Lentz Richard
Published: July 2018

Multiple-vehicle crashes involving at least two vehicles constitute over 70% of fatal and injury crashes in the U.S. Moreover, multiple-vehicle crashes involving three or more vehicles (3+) are usually more severe compared with the crashes involving only two vehicles. This study focuses on developing 3+ multiple-vehicle crash severity models for a freeway section using real-time traffic data and crash data for the years 2014–2016. The study corridor is a 111-mile section on I-4 in Orlando, Florida. Crash injury severity was classified as a binary outcome (fatal/severe injury and minor/no injury crashes). For the purpose of identifying the reliable relationship between the 3+ severe multiple-vehicle crashes and the identified explanatory variables, a binary probit model with Dirichlet random effect parameter was used. More specifically, Dirichlet random effect model was introduced to account for unobserved heterogeneity in the crash data. The probit model was implemented using a Bayesian framework and the ratios of the Monte Carlo errors were monitored to achieve parameter estimation convergence. The following variables were found significant at the 95% Bayesian credible interval: logarithm of average vehicle speed, logarithm of average equivalent 10-minute hourly volume, alcohol involvement, lighting condition, and number of vehicles involved (3, or >3) in multiple-vehicle crashes. Further analysis involved analyzing the posterior probability distributions of these significant variables. The study findings can be used to associate certain traffic conditions with severe injury crashes involving 3+ multiple vehicles, and can help develop effective crash injury reduction strategies based on real-time traffic data.
Evaluating the Predictive Value of Lactate in Patients With Cancer Having Septic Shock
Authors: Nazer Lama H. , Rimawi Dalia , Hawari Feras I.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

Limited studies evaluated the predictive value of serum lactate (LA) in critically ill patients with cancer. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of LA single measurements as well as LA clearance in predicting mortality in patients with cancer having septic shock. The study also aimed to determine the LA measurement over the first 24 hours with the highest predictability for hospital mortality.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of adult patients with cancer having septic shock and LA measurements during the first 24 hours. Three receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive validity for hospital mortality of LA at baseline, at 6 hours and at 24 hours after identifying septic shock. The ROC with the largest area under the curve was analyzed to determine LA level with the highest predictability for hospital mortality. In addition, the ability of LA normalization (LA <2 mmol/L at 6 hours and at 24 hours) and the degree of LA elimination (>10% and >20% at 24 hours) to predict hospital mortality were evaluated by determining the predictive values for each clearance end point.

Results:

The study included 401 patients. LA >2.5 mmol/L at 24 hours showed the largest area under the ROC curve to predict hospital mortality (ROC area: 0.648; 95% confidence interval: 0.585-0.711) with a sensitivity of 58.4% and specificity of 62.8%. The LA normalization, LA clearance >10%, and LA clearance >20% were also predictors of hospital mortality, with the highest sensitivity for LA normalization at 6 hours (74%) and LA normalization at 24 hours (73.4%).

Conclusion:

In patients with cancer having septic shock, LA >2.5 mmol/L at 24 hours of septic shock had the highest predictability for hospital mortality. The LA normalization and clearance were also predictors of hospital mortality. However, all LA end points were not strong predictors.
Effects of structural thermal boundary conditions on hypersonic aerothermoelasticity of all-movable control surface
Authors: Ye Kun , Ye ZhengYin , Meng XianZong , Qu Zhan
Published: July 2018

Structural thermal boundary conditions are usually simplified in the aerothermoelastic analysis. However, it will influence the heat transfer, the temperature distribution, and the structure stiffness, which have effects on the accurate prediction of the aerothermoelastic characteristics. In this study, an aerothermoelastic framework for hypersonic vehicles is developed, and the effects of structural thermal boundary conditions on aerothermoelasticity of all-movable control surface are investigated. The Reynold’s averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved by computational fluid dynamics method to obtain the thermal environment. The transient heat transfer, the thermal stress, and the structure mode are analyzed by using finite element method. Finally, the local piston theory is used to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic force, and aeroelastic characteristics are analyzed in the state space. Aerothermoelastic characteristics of three different structural thermal boundaries are investigated in detail, including aerodynamic heating only on control surface; aerodynamic heating on both the control surface and the shaft; and aerodynamic heating on the control surface, the shaft, and the body. The results show that the heat transfer process, the temperature distribution, the thermal stresses, and the natural frequencies of the structure are influenced significantly by structural thermal boundary conditions especially in the shaft. Furthermore, the aerothermoelastic stability margin is affected ultimately.
Narratives of Origin and Migration in Early Medieval Europe
Authors: Pohl Walter
Published: July 2018

This contribution concentrates on the origin narratives of the post-Roman peoples and kingdoms in Latin Europe between c. 500 and 1000, including some observations on the elaborate production of origin stories in the later Middle Ages. It thus addresses a period in which a durable multiplicity of polities with ethnic designations emerged in Europe and was anchored in the mental maps of (at least) the political elites through a set of foundational narratives. Most of these new peoples—Goths, Longobards, Franks, Anglo-Saxons and others—prided themselves in their distant origins, be it from Scandinavia or Troy. Their origin narratives are based on a common stock of mythical points of reference, developed in classical mythology and ethnography and complemented by other motifs and memories. Christianity transformed the frame but not necessarily the elements of the narrative. The wide-ranging comparison to other ethnic and tribal origin stories, as exemplified in this issue, sheds better light on the specificities of the Latin European tradition of ‘origines gentium’, the origins of peoples. The result is that we should look at these texts as essentially hybrid products of cultural encounters in which formerly subaltern peoples developed new identities as a ruling minority in former Roman provinces.
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in free-ranging mule deer in Wyoming: a retrospective study and identification of a novel alphaherpesvirus
Authors: Muñoz Gutiérrez Juan F. , Sondgeroth Kerry S. , Williams Elizabeth S. , Montgomery Donald L. , Creekmore Terry E. , Miller Myrna M.
Published: July 2018

We describe the clinicopathologic findings, relative prevalence, and pathogens associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus) in Wyoming. Seventeen cases with ocular lesions were identified among 1,036 mule deer postmortem submissions (1.6%) in an ~16 y period. Sixteen cases were observed in winter and most were in male (15 cases) and juvenile (13 cases) deer. Blindness was the most commonly reported clinical sign (10 cases). A herpesvirus was detected only in the 4 cases of bilateral necrotizing bulbar conjunctivitis. Phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein amino acid sequences consistently identified this virus as a novel alphaherpesvirus. In 2 of these herpesvirus-positive cases, Actinomyces sp. and Moraxella ovis were also identified. Trueperella pyogenes was identified in 4 cases of unilateral ulcerative keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and panophthalmitis. M. ovis was cultured from 3 cases of bilateral conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis. In the remaining cases, isolates included Moraxella bovis (1 case), Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. (2), Flavobacterium sp. and Pseudomonas sp. (2), Escherichia coli and Enterobacter sp. (1), and bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (1). No pathogens were identified in 2 cases. The relative prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis in mule deer in Wyoming appears to be low, and this disease is most commonly associated with infection by a novel alphaherpesvirus, T. pyogenes, and M. ovis.
Academic and Behavioral Strategies to Enhance the Understanding of Expository Text for Secondary Students With EBD
Authors: Sanders Sara , Ennis Robin Parks , Losinski Mickey
Published: July 2018

Secondary students with emotional and behavioral disorders may experience a phenomenon known as the failure cycle where behavioral needs and academic deficits negatively impact learning, including reading comprehension. Self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) is one emerging method that addresses behavioral needs and reading comprehension deficits and allows for the integration of low-intensity behavioral strategies. This article demonstrates how two low-intensity behavioral strategies, opportunities to respond and behavior-specific praise, can be embedded in SRSD reading instruction.
Early Exposure to Child Maltreatment and Academic Outcomes
Authors: Ryan Joseph P. , Jacob Brian A. , Gross Max , Perron Brian E. , Moore Andrew , Ferguson Sharlyn
Published: July 2018

Early childhood trauma increases the risk of academic difficulties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of early contact with child protection services (CPS) and to determine whether early exposure to maltreatment investigations was associated with important academic outcomes. The authors focused specifically on standardized test scores (math and reading), grade retention, and special education status in third grade. The sample was diverse and included all children born between 2000 and 2006 and enrolled in Michigan’s public schools ( N = 732,838). By the time these students reached third grade, approximately 18% were associated with a formal CPS investigation. In some school districts, more than 50% of third graders were associated with an investigation. African American and poor students were more likely to be investigated for maltreatment. Children associated with maltreatment investigations scored significantly lower on standardized math and reading tests, were more likely to be identified as needing special education, and were more likely to be held back at least one grade. These findings indicate that involvement with CPS is not an infrequent event in the lives of young children and that within some school districts, maltreatment investigations are the norm. Child welfare and educational systems must collaborate so that the early academic struggles experienced by victims of maltreatment do not mature into more complicated difficulties later in life.
Abandonment or Release: Finding Words That Cut Through Pain
Authors: Yoo Joanne
Published: July 2018

Illness creates a disruption in the normal progression of life by placing restrictions on everyday existence. Such disruptions may trigger pauses and open spaces to explore new bodily parameters of being and possibility, as well as to reflect on our physical intransience. This autoethnography presents a snapshot of illness that increasingly shapes my research and writing practices. Through depicting the lived experiences of physical injury, I relate the tensions between the abandonment and release underpinning desires to express immortal words through a finite body.
Understanding the Role of Alcohol, Anxiety, and Trait Mindfulness in the Perpetration of Physical and Sexual Dating Violence in Emerging Adults
Authors: Ngo Quyen M. , Ramirez Jessica I. , Stein Sara F. , Cunningham Rebecca M. , Chermack Stephen T. , Singh Vijay , Walton Maureen A.
Published: July 2018

This study examines alcohol consumption, anxiety, trait mindfulness, and physical and sexual dating violence aggression (PDV and SDV) among 735 emerging adults (18-25 years) in an urban emergency department. Of the total sample, 27.2% perpetrated PDV and 16.5% perpetrated SDV. Alcohol was positively associated with PDV/SDV. Anxiety was positively associated with PDV. Mindfulness was negatively associated with PDV/SDV. Interaction analyses revealed women had lower PDV with higher nonjudgment facet of mindfulness. Higher act aware was associated with lower PDV regardless of high versus low alcohol. Findings indicate different contributing factors among perpetrators of PDV/SDV; some factors may be attenuated by mindfulness.
Investigating Response Heterogeneity in the Context of Positively and Negatively Worded Items by Using Factor Mixture Modeling
Authors: Kam Chester Chun Seng , Fan Xitao
Published: July 2018

Factor mixture modeling was used to investigate potential response incongruity between positively and negatively worded items. Survey respondents ( N = 591) answered questions about job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Results revealed two classes of respondent: a majority class, who generally do not have problems answering positively and negatively worded items, and a minority class, who have serious trouble with negatively worded items. With the exclusion of the minority class, job satisfaction and dissatisfaction were found to be essentially unidimensional rather than bidimensional as previous research had suggested. These results challenge previous findings regarding the bidimensionality of job satisfaction and cast doubt on the widespread research practice of assuming population homogeneity in survey responses. A detailed flowchart illustrating the analytic procedure and an Mplus syntax program are provided so that researchers can conduct similar investigations on constructs of interest.
3-D printed sets and props: How designers integrate digital technologies
Authors: Bevan Alexandra
Published: July 2018

The article addresses how production designers and artists experience the shift to digital fabrication tools, relying on two industry interviews and trade publications. My intervention highlights the importance of the designer’s experience of the digital transition, which has been neglected by scholarship to date on digital technologies in the media industries.
What is ‘access’ in the context of qualitative research?
Authors: Riese Juliane
Published: July 2018

In this article, I reflect upon access in the context of qualitative research, which I define as the process by which a researcher and the sites and/or individuals he or she studies relate to each other, through which the research in question is enabled. Access is a dynamic and multidirectional process, which depends on the researcher’s ability to access and to develop a ‘multiple vision’, and on the researcher’s and the research’s accessibility. Access influences the research process and results, and is shaped by power dynamics. Awareness of the complexity of access will help qualitative researchers to make more conscious and deliberate decisions, for example on which vantage points to include or exclude, or on how to protect participants and themselves. I illustrate my points of reflection with the help of vignettes from my research on the organizational dynamics behind the Greenpeace campaign against Norwegian whaling. I discuss implications for practice, and argue that perceiving of qualitative research as craftwork can help researchers to sustain complex notions of access.
Failure analysis of the rubber track of a tracked transporter
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Cheng Kai , Wang Jun
Published: July 2018

Rubber-tracked transporters are becoming increasingly popular in agriculture, forestry and military transportation. Rubber track systems are typically fitted instead of using tyres on the transporter to decrease soil stress and increase trafficability. Therefore, the accurate failure analysis of a rubber track is important. A model for predicting stress distribution along a rubber track is presented in this study. In the model, the stress along a rubber track consists of the vertical stress below the rubber track, tensile stress, bending stress and centrifugal tensile stress. Moreover, fourth strength theory was used to change a complicated stress state to a simple stress state. An experiment was performed at the test site of Harbin First Machinery Building Group Ltd, with a total weight of 61.789 kN. The experiment was conducted to verify and approve the theoretical model. The Miner rule was used to predict the cycle index and working hour of the rubber track, thereby providing a method for predicting the fatigue life of a rubber track.