bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking advantage of noise in quantum reservoir computing
Authors: Domingo L. , Carlo G. , Borondo F.
Published: May 2023

The biggest challenge that quantum computing and quantum machine learning are currently facing is the presence of noise in quantum devices. As a result, big efforts have been put into correcting or mitigating the induced errors. But, can these two fields benefit from noise? Surprisingly, we demonstrate that under some circumstances, quantum noise can be used to improve the performance of quantum reservoir computing, a prominent and recent quantum machine learning algorithm. Our results show that the amplitude damping noise can be beneficial to machine learning, while the depolarizing and phase damping noises should be prioritized for correction. This critical result sheds new light into the physical mechanisms underlying quantum devices, providing solid practical prescriptions for a successful implementation of quantum information processing in nowadays hardware.
Evaluation of lung adverse events with nivolumab using the spontaneous reporting system in Japan
Authors: Kanbayashi Yuko , Shimizu Tadashi , Kojima Asuka , Anzai Miku , Kawai Rika , Uchida Mayako
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted to examine times to onset, incidence rates, and outcomes of nivolumab-induced lung adverse events (AEs), using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. We analysed data for the period between April 2004 and March 2021. Data on lung AEs were extracted, and relative risks of AEs were estimated using the reporting odds ratio. We analysed 5,273,115 reports and found 18,721 reports of nivolumab-related AEs, including 3084 lung AEs. Signals were detected for nine lung AEs: interstitial lung disease; pneumonitis; lung disorder; organising pneumonia; pleural effusion; pneumonia aspiration; pneumonia bacterial; radiation pneumonitis; and infectious pleural effusion. Among these, interstitial lung disease was the most frequently reported (68.7%) and included some fatal cases. A histogram of median times to onset showed AEs occurring from 34 to 79 days after the first dose, but some cases occurred even more than one year after starting administration. In conclusion, we focused on lung AEs caused by nivolumab as post-marketing AEs. Some cases could potentially involve serious outcomes, particularly in interstitial lung disease. Patients should be monitored for signs of the development of these AEs not only at the start of administration, but also over an extended time.
Allantoic fluid metabolome reveals specific metabolic signatures in chicken lines different for their muscle glycogen content
Authors: Petit Angélique , Tesseraud Sophie , Beauclercq Stéphane , Nadal-Desbarats Lydie , Cailleau-Audouin Estelle , Réhault-Godbert Sophie , Berri Cécile , Le Bihan-Duval Elisabeth , Métayer-Coustard Sonia
Published: May 2023

Nutrient availability in eggs can affect early metabolic orientation in birds. In chickens divergently selected on the Pectoralis major ultimate pH, a proxy for muscle glycogen stores, characterization of the yolk and amniotic fluid revealed a different nutritional environment. The present study aimed to assess indicators of embryo metabolism in pHu lines (pHu+ and pHu−) using allantoic fluids (compartment storing nitrogenous waste products and metabolites), collected at days 10, 14 and 17 of embryogenesis and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of metabolic profiles revealed a significant stage effect, with an enrichment in metabolites at the end of incubation, and an increase in interindividual variability during development. OPLS-DA analysis discriminated the two lines. The allantoic fluid of pHu− was richer in carbohydrates, intermediates of purine metabolism and derivatives of tryptophan-histidine metabolism, while formate, branched-chain amino acids, Krebs cycle intermediates and metabolites from different catabolic pathways were more abundant in pHu+. In conclusion, the characterization of the main nutrient sources for embryos and now allantoic fluids provided an overview of the in ovo nutritional environment of pHu lines. Moreover, this study revealed the establishment, as early as day 10 of embryo development, of specific metabolic signatures in the allantoic fluid of pHu+ and pHu− lines.
Myopia progression risk assessment score (MPRAS): a promising new tool for risk stratification
Authors: Manoharan Manoj K. , Thakur Swapnil , Dhakal Rohit , Gupta Satish K. , Priscilla Jacinth J. , Bhandary Shashank K. , Srivastava Alok , Marmamula Srinivas , Poigal Nitish , Verkicharla Pavan K.
Published: May 2023

Timely identification of individuals “at-risk” for myopia progression is the leading requisite for myopia practice as it aids in the decision of appropriate management. This study aimed to develop ‘myopia progression risk assessment score’ (MPRAS) based on multiple risk factors (10) to determine whether a myope is “at-risk” or “low-risk” for myopia progression. Two risk-score models (model-1: non-weightage, model-2: weightage) were developed. Ability of MPRAS to diagnose individual “at-risk” for myopia progression was compared against decision of five clinicians in 149 myopes, aged 6–29 years. Using model-1 (no-weightage), further 7 sub-models were created with varying number of risk factors in decreasing step-wise manner (1a: 10 factors to 1g: 4 factors). In random eye analysis for model-1, the highest Youden’s J-index (0.63–0.65) led to the MPRAS cut-off score of 41.50–43.50 for 5 clinicians with a sensitivity ranging from 78 to 85% and specificity ranging from 79 to 87%. For this cut-off score, the mean area under the curve (AUC) between clinicians and the MPRAS model ranged from 0.89 to 0.90. Model-2 (weighted for few risk-factors) provided similar sensitivity, specificity, and AUC. Sub-model analysis revealed greater AUC with high sensitivity (89%) and specificity (94%) in model-1g that has 4 risk factors compared to other sub-models (1a–1f). All the MPRAS models showed good agreement with the clinician’s decision in identifying individuals “at-risk” for myopia progression.
Optimising the yield from bronchoalveolar lavage on human participants in infectious disease immunology research
Authors: Shaw Jane Alexandra , Meiring Maynard , Allies Devon , Cruywagen Lauren , Fisher Tarryn-Lee , Kasavan Kesheera , Roos Kelly , Botha Stefan Marc , MacDonald Candice , Hiemstra Andriёtte M. , Simon Donald , van Rensburg Ilana , Flinn Marika , Shabangu Ayanda , Kuivaniemi Helena , Tromp Gerard , Malherbe Stephanus T. , Walzl Gerhard , du Plessis Nelita ,   The Stellenbosch University Immunology Research Group Bronchoalveolar Lavage Study Consortium (SU IRG BAL Study Consortium), Nemes Elisa , Kleynhans Léanie , McAnda Shirley , Kruger Charlene , Richardson Tracey , Noor Firdows , Benting Lauren , Mtala Nosipho , Storm Robin-Lee , Persence Gertrude , Molima Elsabe , Chetram Alicia , Stanley Kim , Lewinsohn David M. , Lewinsohn Deborah A. , Urdahl Kevin B. , Schurr Erwin , Orlova Marianna , Boom W. Henry , Fortune Sarah
Published: May 2023

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is becoming a common procedure for research into infectious disease immunology. Little is known about the clinical factors which influence the main outcomes of the procedure. In research participants who underwent BAL according to guidelines, the BAL volume yield, and cell yield, concentration, viability, pellet colour and differential count were analysed for association with important participant characteristics such as active tuberculosis (TB) disease, TB exposure, HIV infection and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In 337 participants, BAL volume and BAL cell count were correlated in those with active TB disease, and current smokers. The right middle lobe yielded the highest volume. BAL cell and volume yields were lower in older participants, who also had more neutrophils. Current smokers yielded lower volumes and higher numbers of all cell types, and usually had a black pellet. Active TB disease was associated with higher cell yields, but this declined at the end of treatment. HIV infection was associated with more bloody pellets, and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection with a higher proportion of lymphocytes. These results allow researchers to optimise their participant and end assay selection for projects involving lung immune cells.
Effects of acute psychosocial stress on source level EEG power and functional connectivity measures
Authors: Vanhollebeke Gert , Kappen Mitchel , De Raedt Rudi , Baeken Chris , van Mierlo Pieter , Vanderhasselt Marie-Anne
Published: May 2023

The usage of EEG to uncover the influence of psychosocial stressors (PSSs) on neural activity has gained significant attention throughout recent years, but the results are often troubled by confounding stressor types. To investigate the effect of PSSs alone on neural activity, we employed a paradigm where participants are exposed to negative peer comparison as PSS, while other possible stressors are kept constant, and compared this with a condition where participants received neutral feedback. We analyzed commonly used sensor level EEG indices (frontal theta, alpha, and beta power) and further investigated whether source level power and functional connectivity (i.e., the temporal dependence between spatially seperated brain regions) measures, which have to our knowledge not yet been used, are more sensitive to PSSs than sensor level-derived EEG measures. Our results show that on sensor level, no significant frontal power changes are present (allp’s > 0.16), indicating that sensor level frontal power measures are not sensitive enough to be affected by only PSSs. On source level, we find increased alpha power (indicative of decreased cortical activity) in the left- and right precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex (allp’s < 0.03) and increased functional connectivity between the left- and right precuneus (p < 0.001), indicating that acute, trial based PSSs lead to decreased precuneus/PCC activity, and possibly indicates a temporary disruption in the self-referential neural processes of an individual.
Femtosecond laser-induced nano- and microstructuring of Cu electrodes for CO2 electroreduction in acetonitrile medium
Authors: Gnilitskyi Iaroslav , Bellucci Stefano , Marrani Andrea Giacomo , Shepida Mariana , Mazur Artur , Zozulya Galyna , Kordan Vasyl , Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Sahraoui Bouchta , Kuntyi Orest
Published: May 2023

The dependency of CO2 reduction rate in acetonitrile-Bu4NClO4 solution on cathodes, which were modified by laser induction of a copper surface, was studied. The topography of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) → grooves → spikes was successively formed by a certain number of pulses. It was proved that for a higher number of laser pulses, the surface area of the copper cathode increases and preferred platy orientation of the copper surface on [022] crystallografic direction and larger fluence values increase. At the same time, the content of copper (I) oxide on the surface of the copper cathode increases. Also, the tendency to larger fluency values is observed. It promotes the increase of cathodic current density for CO2 reduction, which reaches values of 14 mA cm-2 for samples with spikes surface structures at E = − 3.0 V upon a stable process.
Health consciousness and pro-environmental behaviors in an Italian representative sample: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Castellini Greta , Acampora Marta , Provenzi Livio , Cagliero Lucia , Lucini Luigi , Barello Serena
Published: May 2023

Individual health-related behavior is among the most influential yet modifiable factors affecting both climate change and chronic disease. To encourage behaviors bringing about environmental and health co-benefits, it is important to understand the underlying factors of behavior change for healthy and sustainable lifestyles. One area of potential overlap concerns people’s health consciousness. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between health consciousness and pro-environmental behavior. We investigated whether health consciousness correlates with five clusters of pro-environmental behaviors: sustainable food consumption, recycling, green purchasing, sustainable mobility, and energy saving. Research data were collected via cross-sectional survey involving a representative sample of n = 1011 Italian citizens. Statistically significant differences emerged in the frequency of the different classes of pro-environmental behaviors: people living in Italy most frequently implement sustainable behaviors related to energy saving and recycling while sustainable mobility behaviors are the least implemented. Moreover, the stepwise linear regression model demonstrated the predictive role of citizens’ health consciousness on the adoption of specific classes of pro-environmental behaviors showing how higher involvement in one’s own health determines higher levels of pro-environmental behaviors. These results highlight the relevance of developing and testing complex programs featuring educational, sensitization, and structural strategies to increase citizens involvement in public health and pro-environmental behaviors.
Prognostic value of peak work rate indexed by left ventricular diameter
Authors: Eklund Gustafsson Charlotte , Ekström Magnus , Ugander Martin , Brudin Lars , Carlén Anna , Hedman Kristofer , Lindow Thomas
Published: May 2023

Left ventricular diameter (LVEDD) increases with systematic endurance training but also in various cardiac diseases. High exercise capacity associates with favorable outcomes. We hypothesized that peak work rate (Wpeak) indexed to LVEDD would carry prognostic information and aimed to evaluate the association between Wpeak/LVEDDrest and cardiovascular mortality. Wpeak/LVEDDrest (W/mm) was calculated in patients with an echocardiographic examination within 3 months of a maximal cycle ergometer exercise test. Low Wpeak/LVEDDrest was defined as a value below the sex- and age-specific 5th percentile among lower-risk subjects. The association with cardiovascular mortality was evaluated using Cox regression. In total, 3083 patients were included (8.0 [5.4–11.1] years of follow-up, 249 (8%) cardiovascular deaths). Wpeak/LVEDDrest (W/mm) was associated with cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.28 [0.22–0.36]), similar to Wpeak in % of predicted, with identical prognostic strength when adjusted for age and sex (C-statistics 0.87 for both). A combination of low Wpeak/LVEDDrest and low Wpeak was associated with a particularly poor prognosis (adjusted HR 6.4 [4.0–10.3]). Wpeak/LVEDDrest was associated with cardiovascular mortality but did not provide incremental prognostic value to Wpeak alone. The combination of a low Wpeak/LVEDDrest and low Wpeak was associated with a particularly poor prognosis.
Aberrant neural processing of event boundaries in persons with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wyrobnik Michelle , van der Meer Elke , Klostermann Fabian
Published: May 2023

The perception of everyday events implies the segmentation into discrete sub-events (i.e. event segmentation). This process is relevant for the prediction of upcoming events and for the recall of recent activities. It is thought to involve dopaminergic networks which are strongly compromised in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, deficits of event segmentation have been previously shown in PD, but underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unknown. We therefore investigated 22 persons with PD and 22 age-matched healthy controls, who performed an event segmentation task with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG). Both groups had to indicate by button press the beginning of sub-events within three movies showing persons performing everyday activities. The segmentation performance of persons with PD deviated significantly from that of controls. Neurophysiologically, persons with PD expressed reduced theta (4–7 Hz) activity around identified event boundaries compared to healthy controls. Together, these results point to disturbed event processing in PD. According to functions attributed to EEG activities in particular frequency ranges, the PD-related theta reduction could reflect impaired matching of perceptual input with stored event representations and decreased updating processes of event information in working memory and, thus, event boundary identification.
An electrochemical sensor for the detection of arsenic using nanocomposite-modified electrode
Authors: Hamid Kargari Sara , Ahour Fatemeh , Mahmoudian Mehdi
Published: May 2023

The aim of this research is to develop an electrochemical sensor based on a conducting polymer, polyaniline, and a cationic polymer, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), reinforced with graphene oxide nanosheets functionalized with acrylic acid. The two-dimensional nature of acrylic acid functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets and clusters made of conductive polymers and acrylic acid functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets were confirmed by microscopic tests. The prepared nanocomposite was deposited on the glassy carbon electrode in order to prepare an electrochemical sensor for the detection of arsenic by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry methods. It should be mentioned that the presence of acrylic acid functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets increases the surface area due to the nano size effect and better dispersion of this nanomaterial, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), increases the adsorption capacity of the analyte due to electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged analyte and positively charged surface, and polyanilin increases the charge transfer rate due to the good conductivity. The results show that the prepared electrode has a sensitivity equal to 1.79 A/M with 0.12 μM as the detection limit. The proposed sensor could be used for the determination of total inorganic arsenic by first oxidative pretreatment for conversion of As(III) to As(V).
Fundamentals of low-resistive 2D-semiconductor metal contacts: an ab-initio NEGF study
Authors: Duflou Rutger , Pourtois Geoffrey , Houssa Michel , Afzalian Aryan
Published: May 2023

Metal contacts form one of the main limitations for the introduction of 2D materials in next-generation scaled devices. Through ab-initio simulation techniques, we shed light on the fundamental physics and screen several 2D and 3D top and side contact metals. Our findings highlight that a low semiconducting-metal contact resistance can be achieved. By selecting an appropriate 2D metal, we demonstrate both ohmic or small Schottky barrier top and side contacts. This leads to a contact resistance below 100 Ωμm and good device drive performance with currents in ON state up to 1400 μA/μm, i.e., reduced by a mere 25% compared to a reference with perfect ohmic contacts, provided a sufficiently high doping concentration of 1.8×1013 cm−2 is used. Additionally, we show that this doping concentration can be achieved through electrostatic doping with a gate. Finally, we perform a screening of possible 2D–3D top contacts. Finding an ohmic 2D–3D contact without a Schottky barrier has proven difficult, but it is shown that for the case of intermediate interaction strength and a limited Schottky barrier, contact resistances below 100 Ωμm can be achieved.
The digital transformation of surgery
Authors: Marwaha Jayson S. , Raza Marium M. , Kvedar Joseph C.
Published: May 2023

Rapid advances in digital technology and artificial intelligence in recent years have already begun to transform many industries, and are beginning to make headway into healthcare. There is tremendous potential for new digital technologies to improve the care of surgical patients. In this piece, we highlight work being done to advance surgical care using machine learning, computer vision, wearable devices, remote patient monitoring, and virtual and augmented reality. We describe ways these technologies can be used to improve the practice of surgery, and discuss opportunities and challenges to their widespread adoption and use in operating rooms and at the bedside.
Measurement of charges and chemical bonding in a cryo-EM structure
Authors: Maki-Yonekura Saori , Kawakami Keisuke , Takaba Kiyofumi , Hamaguchi Tasuku , Yonekura Koji
Published: May 2023

Hydrogen bonding, bond polarity, and charges in protein molecules play critical roles in the stabilization of protein structures, as well as affecting their functions such as enzymatic catalysis, electron transfer, and ligand binding. These effects can potentially be measured in Coulomb potentials using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). We here present charges and bond properties of hydrogen in a sub-1.2 Å resolution structure of a protein complex, apoferritin, by single-particle cryo-EM. A weighted difference map reveals positive densities for most hydrogen atoms in the core region of the complex, while negative densities around acidic amino-acid side chains are likely related to negative charges. The former positive densities identify the amino- and oxo-termini of asparagine and glutamine side chains. The latter observations were verified by spatial-resolution selection and a dose-dependent frame series. The average position of the hydrogen densities depends on the parent bonded-atom type, and this is validated by the estimated level of the standard uncertainties in the bond lengths.
Insight on charge-transfer regimes in electron-phonon coupled molecular systems via numerically exact simulations
Authors: Panhans Michel , Hutsch Sebastian , Ortmann Frank
Published: May 2023

Various simulation approaches exist to describe charge transport in organic solids, offering significantly different descriptions of the physics of electron-phonon coupling. This variety introduces method-dependent biases, which inevitably result in difficulties to interpret charge transport processes in a unified picture. Here, we combine numerical and analytical quantum approaches to investigate the charge-transfer dynamics in an unbiased framework. We unveil the fading of transient localisation and the formation of polarons in a broad range of vibrational frequencies and temperatures. By studying the joint electron-phonon dynamics from femtoseconds to nanoseconds, we identify three distinct charge-transport regimes: transient localisation, Soft Gating, and polaron transport. The dynamic transitions between such regimes are ruled by a buildup of the correlations between electronic motion and nuclei, which lead to the crossover between transient localisation and polaron transport. This transition is seamless at all temperatures and adiabaticities, even in the limit of low-frequency vibrational modes.
Pre-selection of fibroblast subsets prompts prevascularization of tissue engineered skin analogues
Authors: Moreira Helena R. , Cerqueira Mariana T. , da Silva Lucília P. , Pires Joana , Jarnalo Mariana , Horta Ricardo , Reis Rui L. , Marques Alexandra P.
Published: May 2023

Pre-selection of papillary and reticular fibroblasts is relevant in promoting thein vitropre-vascularization of skin TE constructs and offers advantages in terms of representation of tissue functionality being therefore a valuable study platform.
Correlated missing linker defects increase thermal conductivity in metal–organic framework UiO-66
Authors: Islamov Meiirbek , Boone Paul , Babaei Hasan , McGaughey Alan J. H. , Wilmer Christopher E.
Published: May 2023

Thermal transport in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is an essential but frequently overlooked property.
Stress induced effects on piezoelectric polycrystalline potassium sodium niobate thin films
Authors: Pinho Rui , Vilarinho Rui , Moreira J. Agostinho , Zorro Fátima , Ferreira Paulo , Ivanov Maxim , Tkach Alexander , Costa M. Elisabete , Vilarinho Paula M.
Published: May 2023

This work reports a systematical study highlighting the impact of substrate induced stress as a key parameter for the electrical performance and phase transition temperatures of (K,Na)NbO3 polycrystalline thin films.
Amino decorated adenine based metal–organic framework for multi-faceted applications
Authors: Eskemech Alehegn , Gambhir Diksha , Kaur Harpreet , Karmakar Anirban , Koner Rik Rani
Published: May 2023

Multifunctional Zn-MOF for the detection and treatment of explosives and antibiotics in aqueous media.
First principles prediction of two-dimensional Janus STiXY2 (X = Si, Ge; Y = N, P, As) materials
Authors: Gao Zhen , He Xin , Li Wenzhong , He Yao , Xiong Kai
Published: May 2023

Since the successful experimental synthesis of MoSi2N4, the “MA2Z4 family” has attracted the interest of researchers from many fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties.
Surface immobilized Cu-1,10-phenanthroline complexes with α-aminophosphonate groups in the 5-position as heterogenous catalysts for efficient atom-transfer radical cyclizations
Authors: Maier Sarah E. , Bunjaku Osman , Kaya Elif , Dyballa Michael , Frey Wolfgang , Estes Deven P.
Published: May 2023

Cu complexes immobilized through α-aminophosphonate functionalized phenanthrolines are reusable catalysts for ATRC with high reaction rates (ca. 15 min reaction time) and higher selectivity than the homogeneous complexes.
An abnormal size effect enables ampere-level O2electroreduction to hydrogen peroxide in neutral electrolytes
Authors: Ding Shan , Xia Baokai , Li Ming , Lou Fengqian , Cheng Chi , Gao Tianqi , Zhang Yuxiang , Yang Kang , Jiang Lili , Nie Zhihao , Guan Hongxin , Duan Jingjing , Chen Sheng
Published: May 2023

An abnormal size effect was used to drive two-electron oxygen electroreduction, where large-size ZnO outperform its small-size counterpart, demonstrating ∼100% selectivity to H2O2up to ampere-level current densities in neutral electrolytes.
Light-activated controlled release of camptothecin by engineering porous materials: the ship in a bottle concept in drug delivery
Authors: Rivero-Buceta Eva , Encheva Mirela E. , Cech Bradley , Fernandez Eduardo , Sastre Germán , Landry Christopher C. , Botella Pablo
Published: May 2023

The "ship in a bottle" principle applied to drug delivery. A photoswitchable prodrug is endowed in tailored-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Drug loading and release is controlled by photoisomerization.
High-efficiency in situ amplitude and phase control of infrared light using topological polaritons
Authors: Luo Guoyu , Lv Xinyu , Kong Weijie , Wang Changtao , Pu Mingbo , Wang Yanqin , Ma Xiaoliang , Li Zhiqiang , Luo Xiangang
Published: May 2023

Polaritons – material excitation coupled with light – are thought to hold the potential for the extreme control of light down to the atomic length scale because of their high field confinement and sub-wavelength scales.
An all-two-dimensional Fe-FET retinomorphic sensor based on the novel gate dielectric In2Se3−xOx
Authors: Li Xuhong , Chen Xiaoqing , Deng Wenjie , Li Songyu , An Boxing , Chu Feihong , Wu Yi , Liu Famin , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: May 2023

Based on a new two-dimensional (2D) gate dielectric material (In2Se3−xOx), a high-performance all-2D ferroelectric field-effect transistor photodetector is achieved and applied to a retinomorphic sensor.
Novel 2D/2D 1T-MoS2/Ti3C2Tz heterostructures for high-voltage symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Yin Xiaodan , Zheng Wei , Tang Haifeng , Zhang Peigen , Sun ZhengMing
Published: May 2023

The 1T-MoS2/Ti3C2Tz heterostructures exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance in a “water-in-salt” electrolyte. This study presents an opportunity to explore high-performance 2D/2D heterostructure electrodes in supercapacitor applications.
Catalyst- and solvent-free regioselective ring opening of aziridines with amines: application in the gram-scale synthesis of the α,β-diamino propionic derivative, aspergillomarasmine A
Authors: Lin Xing , Zhang Dajun , Li Jing , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2023

A green and efficient ring opening of aziridines with diverse amines has been developed and its application in the gram-scale synthesis of aspergillomarasmine A has been achieved.
Synthesis of pyrrolidin-2-ylidenes and pyrrol-2-ylidenes via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of H-bond-assisted azomethine ylides to nitrostyrenes
Authors: Yavari Issa , Mohsenzadeh Ramin , Ravaghi Parisa , Safaei Maryam
Published: May 2023

Diastereoselective formation of pyrrolidene-2-ylidenes by the Huisgen reaction of hydrogen-bond-assisted azomethine ylides with β-bromo-β-nitrostyrenes is reported.
Synthetic ditempolphosphatidylcholine liposome-like nanoparticles for anti-oxidative therapy of atherosclerosis
Authors: Wang Chunxiao , Zhao Ruifu , Wang Zhen , Xu Tingting , Huang Peng
Published: May 2023

Liposome-like nanoparticle assembly from novel ditempolphosphatidylcholine lipids (Tempol-PC) with ROS-scavenging capability and their therapeutic action on AS.
Controlled mechano-luminescence properties of SrGa2O4:Tb3+ co-doping with Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions
Authors: Wang Chaochao , Liu Zhichao , Yakovlev Alexey Nikolaevich , Hu Tingting , Cherkasova Tatiana Grigorievna , Zhu Xiaodie , Liu Ya , Zhang Jian , Liu Daiyuan , Yu Xue
Published: May 2023

Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions are utilized to manipulate traps and confirm the correlation between ML and traps in a SrGa2O4:Tb3+ phosphor with adjustable ML color, which presents a new approach to achieve multicolor ML and information security.
Synthesis, characterization and performance of lignin carboxyl betaine zwitterionic surfactants for application in enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Chen Shuyan , Li Xueliang , Lei Qin , Han Yuhua , Zhou Xunping , Zhang Jianan
Published: May 2023

Temperature and salt resistance measurements indicate that the synthesized lignin carboxyl betaine surfactants can be suitable for use in harsh reservoirs of high-salinity and high-temperature.
Photolithographic patterning of viologens containing styrene groups
Authors: Banasz Radosław , Wałęsa-Chorab Monika
Published: May 2023

A method for the formation of patterns for large area electrochromic segmented displays via the use of styrene derivatives was developed.
A novel n–p heterojunction Bi2S3/ZnCo2O4 photocatalyst for boosting visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance toward indigo carmine
Authors: Mai Tho Nguyen Thi , Van Cuong Nguyen , Luu Thi Viet Ha , Thang Nguyen Quoc , Dang Phuc Huu
Published: May 2023

An innovative p–n heterojunction Bi2S3/ZnCo2O4 composite was first fabricated via a two-step co-precipitation and hydrothermal method.
Computational survey of humin formation from 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural under basic conditions
Authors: Tashiro Keisuke , Kobayashi Masato , Nakajima Kiyotaka , Taketsugu Tetsuya
Published: May 2023

By repeatedly utilizing the MC-AFIR method, a comprehensive reaction-path search for the oligomerization of HMF was conducted to clarify the mechanism of humin formation in the oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
Structures of LaH10, EuH9, and UH8 superhydrides rationalized by electron counting and Jahn–Teller distortions in a covalent cluster model
Authors: Morgan Harry W. T. , Alexandrova Anastassia N.
Published: May 2023

The superhydrides LaH10, EuH9 and UH8 are studied theoretically using chemical bonding analysis of periodic and molecular models. Structural trends are explained using a simple electron counting model based on atomic charge calculations.
Chemical compatibility of polymer binders with a reversible anionic redox reaction in lithia-based cathodes
Authors: Hwang Ye Yeong , Han Ji Hyun , Park Sol Hui , Lee Yun Jung
Published: May 2023

Chemical compatibility of various polymeric binders and solvents with lithia is investigated for improved cycling stability of lithia-based cathodes.
Harnessing solar energy for electrocatalytic biorefinery using lignin-derived photothermal materials
Authors: Zhao Xinpeng , Shi Lei , Tian Bing , Li Shujun , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Liu Song , James Tony D. , Chen Zhijun
Published: May 2023

Photothermal materials were prepared using lignin, the as-generated electricity could then be used for the electrocatalytic conversion of 5-hydromethyl-2-furaldehyde to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid using a thermoelectric generator.
Reconstruction of nitrogen-containing covalent organic framework-coordinated Ir single-atom electrocatalysts for high-performance lithium-rich oxygen battery cathodes
Authors: Shahzad Babar , Li Yihui , Xinfang Dong , Ding Yangjian , Xu Zewen , Zaman Muhammad Kashif , Irfan Rana Muhammad , Huang Cheng
Published: May 2023

This study presents a novel approach to synthesizing a covalent organic framework-based single-atom catalyst. The synergistic effect of the catalyst has improved the cathode performance in lithium-rich oxygen batteries.
Normative Values of Cepstral Peak Prominence Measures in Typical Speakers by Sex, Speech Stimuli, and Software Type Across the Life Span
Authors: Buckley Daniel P. , Abur Defne , Stepp Cara E.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine normative values for cepstral peak prominence measures across the life span as a function of sex using clinically relevant stimuli (/ɑ/, /i/, and two sentences of The Rainbow Passage) and two commonly used software types: Praat (Version 6.0.50) and Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV).

Method:

One hundred fifty speakers (75 males, 75 females; evenly distributed into three age groups) without voice disorders aged 18–91 years were recorded via headset microphone in a sound-treated booth. Cepstral measures were analyzed using common analysis methods in Praat and ADSV by sex, stimuli, and software type. Kruskal–Wallis tests and post hoc Mood's Median tests for significant factors were performed on cepstral measures to assess the effects of age group, sex, stimuli, and software type.

Results:

The results revealed statistically significant effects of sex, stimuli, and software type on cepstral measures, but no statistical effect of age group on cepstral values. Females had lower average cepstral values compared to males. Across stimuli, the highest average cepstral measure was found for sustained /ɑ/, followed by sustained /i/, and then of the two sentences of The Rainbow Passage. Average cepstral measures in Praat were higher than those from ADSV.

Conclusions:

The current work did not find a statistical effect of age group on cepstral values; thus, normative cepstral values were reported by sex, stimuli, and software type. Future work should examine the applicability of these normative values for discriminating speakers with and without voice disorders.
The Feasibility and Data Quality for a Listening Comprehension Task in an Unmoderated Remote Study With Children
Authors: Hutto Randi , Fleming Kandace , Davidson Meghan M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this research note was to examine the sample representation, feasibility and completion, and data quality when using an unmoderated remote study (i.e., conducted without direct contact with a researcher) for a listening comprehension task with 4- to 11-year-old children.

Method:

Thirty-five participants met inclusionary criteria for this study. Sample representation was examined descriptively. Feasibility and completion (i.e., submission of parent questionnaires and more than 50% of task with no missing data) were examined descriptively and compared with differences of proportions tests. Data quality (i.e., missing data for items with interference or not codable) was examined descriptively with multilevel logistic regression models, as well as one-sample proportions tests by listening comprehension task and participant characteristics.

Results:

Our sample skewed toward predominantly White and toward families with highly educated parents. Overall, most participants completed the task and had quality data (i.e., audibly clear responses that could be coded, few missing responses, and task completion) in this unmoderated format. There were not any statistically significant effects across participant characteristics in terms of rates of completion. Data quality only significantly differed by response type with mouse selection having the least amount of missing data followed by prompted audio-recorded questions and then open-ended audio-recorded questions.

Conclusions:

The unmoderated remote study approach seems feasible for a listening comprehension task for most children ages 4–11 years old. Future work is needed to determine if these results apply to samples with broader representation. Overall, we found good data quality despite the less controlled environment in remote studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23114924
A lightweight and stochastic depth residual attention network for remote sensing scene classification
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Xu Haixia , Yuan Liming , Wen Xianbin
Published: May 2023

Due to the rapid development of satellite technology, high‐spatial‐resolution remote sensing (HRRS) images have highly complex spatial distributions and multiscale features, making the classification of such images a challenging task. The key to scene classification is to accurately understand the main semantic information contained in images. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have outstanding advantages in this field. Deep CNNs (D‐CNNs) with better performance tend to have more parameters and higher complexity. However, shallow CNNs have difficulty extracting the key features of complex remote sensing images. In this paper, we propose a lightweight network with a random depth strategy for remote sensing scene classification (LRSCM). We construct a convolutional feature extraction module, DCAB, which incorporates depthwise separable convolutional and inverted residual structures, effectively reducing the numbers of required parameters and computations, and retains and utilizes low‐level features. In addition, coordinate attention (CA) is integrated into the module, thereby further improving the network's ability to extract key local information. To further reduce the complexity of model training, the residual module adopts a stochastic depth strategy, providing the network with a random depth. Comparative experiments on five public datasets show that the LRSCM network can achieve results comparable to those of other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Demand forecasting of online car‐hailing by exhaustively capturing the temporal dependency with TCN and Attention approaches
Authors: Ye Xiaofei , Hao Yu , Ye Qiming , Wang Tao , Yan Xinchen , Chen Jun
Published: May 2023

With the development of the car‐hailing industry, it has become an indispensable way of travel in our lives. Accurate prediction of online car‐hailing demand can provide the basis for real‐time vehicle dispatch and dynamic pricing for online car‐hailing companies. Most previous studies on online car‐hailing demand forecasting have only considered the temporal and spatial factors separately, while the effects of time series and spatial series on online car‐hailing demand have not been considered. In this paper, the temporal, spatial, and weather features of online car‐hailing are analyzed and they are used as input features of the model. In addition, an attention mechanism is added to the model in order to select a small amount of key feature data from a large amount of feature data and give more weight to the key data, and an attention mechanism‐based TCN (Temporal Convolutional Network) prediction model (TCN+Attention) was developed to better highlight the key features that affect the prediction of online car demand and improve the prediction accuracy of online car demand. Finally, taking the data of Ningbo City as an example, the data is divided into 10 min, 15 min, and 30 min time intervals for prediction, and it is combined with other models and with other prediction models (SVR, LightGBM, Random Forest, Stacking Integrated Learning, LSTM, LSTM+ Attention, and TCN) results in comparative analysis. Experiments show that the TCN+Attention model of online car‐hailing demand prediction has higher accuracy compared with other models.
A 3D model for the stellar populations in the nuclei of NGC 1433, NGC 1566, and NGC 1808
Authors: Vermot P. , Palouš J. , Barna B. , Ehlerová S. , Morris M. R. , Wünsch R.
Published: May 2023

Aims. We aim to characterize the properties of the stellar populations in the central few hundred parsecs of nearby galactic nuclei; specifically their age, mass, and 3D geometry.

Methods. We use spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of NGC 1433, NGC 1566, and NGC 1808 obtained with SINFONI to constrain a 3D model composed of a spherically symmetric nuclear star cluster (NSC) and an extended thick stellar disk. We computed UV to mid-infrared single stellar population (UMISSP) spectra to determine the age of the stellar populations and construct synthetic observations for our model. To overcome degeneracies between key parameters, we simultaneously fit the spatially resolved line-of-sight velocity, line-of-sight-velocity-dispersion, low-spectral-resolution NIR continuum, and high-spectral-resolution CO absorption features for each pixel.

Results. For the three objects, we derive the age and mass of the young and old stellar populations in the NSC and surrounding disk, as well as their 3D geometry: radius for the NSC; thickness, inclination, and position angle for the disk. These results are consistent with published independent measurements when available.

Conclusions. The proposed method allows us to derive a consistent 3D model of the stellar populations in nearby galactic centers solely based on a near-infrared IFU observation.
LeMMINGs
Authors: Dullo B. T. , Knapen J. H. , Beswick R. J. , Baldi R. D. , Williams D. R. A. , McHardy I. M. , Gallagher J. S. , Aalto S. , Argo M. K. , Gil de Paz A. , Klöckner H.-R. , Marcaide J. M. , Mundell C. G. , Mutie I. M. , Saikia P.
Published: May 2023

We used high-resolution HST imaging ande-MERLIN 1.5-GHz observations of galaxy cores from the LeMMINGs survey to investigate the relation between optical structural properties and nuclear radio emission for a large sample of galaxies. We performed accurate, multi-component decompositions of new surface brightness profiles extracted from HST images for 163 LeMMINGs galaxies and fitted up to six galaxy components (e.g. bulges, discs, AGN, bars, rings, spiral arms, and nuclear star clusters) simultaneously with Sérsic and/or core-Sérsic models. By adding such decomposition data for ten LeMMINGs galaxies from our past work, the final sample of 173 nearby galaxies (102 Ss, 42 S0s, 23 Es, plus six Irr) with a typical bulge stellar mass ofM∗,bulge∼ 106− 1012.5M⊙encompasses all optical spectral classes: low-ionisation nuclear emission-line region (LINER), Seyfert, Absorption Line Galaxy (ALG), and H II. We show that the bulge mass can be significantly overestimated in many galaxies when components such as bars, rings, and spirals are not included in the fits. We additionally implemented a Monte Carlo method to determine errors on the bulge, disc, and other fitted structural parameters. Moving (in the opposite direction) across the Hubble sequence, that is from the irregular to elliptical galaxies, we confirm that bulges become larger, more prominent, and round. Such bulge dominance is associated with a brighter radio core luminosity. We also find that the radio detection fraction increases with bulge mass. AtM∗,bulge≥ 1011M⊙, the radio detection fraction is 77%, declining to 24% forM∗,bulge< 1010M⊙. Furthermore, we observe that core-Sérsic bulges tend to be systematically round and to possess high radio core luminosities and boxy-distorted or pure elliptical isophotes. However, there is no evidence for the previously alleged strong tendency of galaxies’ central structures (i.e. a sharp Sérsic, core-Sérsic dichotomy) with their radio loudness, isophote shape, and flattening.
BEAST detection of a brown dwarf and a low-mass stellar companion around the young bright B star HIP 81208
Authors: Viswanath Gayathri , Janson Markus , Gratton Raffaele , Squicciarini Vito , Rodet Laetitia , Ringqvist Simon C. , Mamajek Eric E. , Reffert Sabine , Chauvin Gaël , Delorme Philippe , Vigan Arthur , Bonnefoy Mickaël , Engler Natalia , Desidera Silvano , Henning Thomas , Hagelberg Janis , Langlois Maud , Meyer Michael
Published: May 2023

Recent observations by the B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study (BEAST) illustrate the existence of substellar companions around very massive stars. Here, we present the detection of two lower mass companions to a relatively nearby (148.7−1.3+1.5 pc), young (17−4+3 Myr), bright (V = 6.632 ± 0.006 mag), 2.58 ± 0.06 M⊙ B9V star HIP 81208 residing in the Sco-Cen association using the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. Our analysis of the photometry obtained gives mass estimates of 67−7+6 MJ for the inner companion and 0.135−0.013+0.010 M⊙ for the outer companion, indicating that the former is most likely a brown dwarf and the latter a low-mass star. The system is compact but unusual, as the orbital planes of the two companions are likely close to orthogonal. The preliminary orbital solutions we derive for the system indicate that the star and the two companions are likely in a Kozai resonance, rendering the system dynamically very interesting for future studies.
A comparative study of resistivity models for simulations of magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Færder Ø. H. , Nóbrega-Siverio D. , Carlsson M.
Published: May 2023

Context. Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental mechanism in astrophysics. A common challenge in mimicking this process numerically in particular for the Sun is that the solar electrical resistivity is small compared to the diffusive effects caused by the discrete nature of codes.

Aims. We aim to study different anomalous resistivity models and their respective effects on simulations related to magnetic reconnection in the Sun.

Methods. We used the Bifrost code to perform a 2D numerical reconnection experiment in the corona that is driven by converging opposite polarities at the solar surface. This experiment was run with three different commonly used resistivity models: 1) the hyper-diffusion model originally implemented in Bifrost, 2) a resistivity proportional to the current density, and 3) a resistivity proportional to the square of the electron drift velocity. The study was complemented with a 1D experiment of a Harris current sheet with the same resistivity models.

Results. The 2D experiment shows that the three resistivity models are capable of producing results in satisfactory agreement with each other in terms of the current sheet length, inflow velocity, and Poynting influx. Even though Petschek-like reconnection occurred with the current density-proportional resistivity while the other two cases mainly followed plasmoid-mediated reconnection, the large-scale evolution of thermodynamical quantities such as temperature and density are quite similar between the three cases. For the 1D experiment, some recalibration of the diffusion parameters is needed to obtain comparable results. Specifically the hyper-diffusion and the drift velocity-dependent resistivity model needed only minor adjustments, while the current density-proportional model needed a rescaling of several orders of magnitude.

Conclusions. The Bifrost hyper-diffusion model is as suitable for simulations of magnetic reconnection as other common resistivity models and has the advantage of being applicable to any region in the solar atmosphere without the need for significant recalibration.
Hardness specification of structural steel used in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kulbayev B. , Lapin V. , Tuleyev T. , Aldakhov S. , Aldakhov Y. , Ali A.
Published: May 2023

Monitoring was conducted for the structural steel types used in the Republic of Kazakhstan for construction of buildings using the metal frames. For each type of steel it was the first time determined for hardness specification by Brinell methods. Hardness specification is applied to determine the yield strength, breaking strength and the relative deformation at rupture. These parameters of structural steel are considered to determine compliance with requirements of the National Annex of the Republic of Kazakhstan Eurocode 1993, which is used to design metal structures in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Previously, such issues have not been solved yet. Practical significance of the work consists in possibility of using local types of steel for design according to Eurocode 1993.