bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Modeling of Intermetallic Phase Formation during the Joining of Aluminum and Steel in Analogy to Co-Extrusion
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Maier Hans Jürgen , Klose Christian , Wester Hendrik , Thürer Susanne Elisabeth , Heimes Norman , Uhe Johanna
Published: November 2020

The reinforcement of light metal components with steel allows to increase the strength of the part while keeping the weight comparatively low. Lateral angular co-extrusion (LACE) offers the possibility to produce hybrid coaxial profiles consisting of steel and aluminum. In the present study, the effect of the process parameters temperature, contact pressure and time on the metallurgical bonding process and the development of intermetallic phases was investigated. Therefore, an analogy experiment was developed to reproduce the process conditions during co-extrusion using a forming dilatometer. Based on scanning electron microscopy analysis of the specimens, the intermetallic phase seam thickness was measured to calculate the resulting diffusion coefficients. Nanoindentation and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements were carried out to determine the element distribution and estimate properties within the joining zone. The proposed numerical model for the calculation of the resulting intermetallic phase seam width was implemented into a finite element (FE) software using a user-subroutine and validated by experimental results. Using the subroutine, a numerical prediction of the resulting intermetallic phase thicknesses is possible during the tool design, which can be exploited to avoid the weakening of the component strength due to formation of wide intermetallic phase seams.
Expression of Hybrid Peptide EF-1 in Pichia pastoris, Its Purification, and Antimicrobial Characterization
Authors: Li Zhongxuan , Cheng Qiang , Guo Henan , Zhang Rijun , Si Dayong
Published: November 2020

EF-1 is a novel peptide derived from two bacteriocins, plantaricin E and plantaricin F. It has a strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and with negligible hemolytic effect on red blood cells. However, the chemical synthesis of EF-1 is limited by its high cost. In this study, we established a heterologous expression of EF-1 in Pichia pastoris. The transgenic strain successfully expressed hybrid EF-1 peptide, which had a molecular weight of ~5 kDa as expected. The recombinant EF-1 was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), which achieved a yield of 32.65 mg/L with a purity of 94.9%. The purified EF-1 exhibited strong antimicrobial and bactericidal activities against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Furthermore, propidium iodide staining and scanning electron microscopy revealed that EF-1 can directly induce cell membrane permeabilization of E. coli. Therefore, the hybrid EF-1 not only preserves the individual properties of the parent peptides, but also acquires the ability to disrupt Gram-negative bacterial membrane. Meanwhile, such an expression system can reduce both the time and cost for large-scale peptide production, which ensures its potential application at the industrial level.
Co-Circulation of Two Independent Clades and Persistence of CHIKV-ECSA Genotype during Epidemic Waves in Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil
Authors: Fabri Allison Araújo , Rodrigues Cintia Damasceno dos Santos , Santos Carolina Cardoso dos , Chalhoub Flávia Löwen Levy , Sampaio Simone Alves , Faria Nieli Rodrigues da Costa , Torres Maria Celeste , Fonseca Vagner , Brasil Patricia , Calvet Guilherme , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Filippis Ana Maria Bispo de , Giovanetti Marta , de Bruycker-Nogueira Fernanda
Published: November 2020

The Chikungunya virus infection in Brazil has raised several concerns due to the rapid dissemination of the virus and its association with several clinical complications. Nevertheless, there is limited information about the genomic epidemiology of CHIKV circulating in Brazil from surveillance studies. Thus, to better understand its dispersion dynamics in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), one of the most affected states during the 2016–2019 epidemic waves, we generated 23 near-complete genomes of CHIKV isolates from two main cities located in the metropolitan mesoregion, obtained directly from clinical samples. Our phylogenetic reconstructions suggest the 2019-CHIKV-ECSA epidemic in RJ state was characterized by the co-circulation of multiple clade (clade A and B), highlighting that two independent introduction events of CHIKV-ECSA into RJ state have occurred between 2016–2019, both mediated from the northeastern region. Interestingly, we identified that the two-clade displaying eighteen characteristic amino acids changes among structural and non-structural proteins. Our findings reinforce that genomic data can provide information about virus genetic diversity and transmission dynamics, which might assist in the arbovirus epidemics establishing of an effective surveillance framework.
Preliminary Report on the Effect of Savanna Plants Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala and Senna alata against Eggs and Immature Stages of Trichostrongylid Nematodes In Vitro
Authors: Figueiredo Benta Natânia Silva , Sato Marcello Otake , Moura Laiane Teixeira Sousa , Mariano Sandra Maria Botelho , Alvim Tarso da Costa , Soares Ilsamar Mendes , Kawai Satoru , Ascêncio Sergio Donizeti , Santos Helcileia Dias , Paiva Joseilson Alves , Sato Megumi , Maruo Viviane Mayumi
Published: November 2020

The current study evaluated the anthelmintic effect of different extracts of Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala, and Senna alata on trichostrongylid eggs and infective larvae and determined the potential active components of each plant. Dried and macerated plant material was concentrated using rotaevaporation to obtain the crude extract (CE), followed by solvent partitioning to obtain hexanic (HexE), acetatic (AcE), and butanolic (BuE) extracts used for phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic efficacy testing in vitro. All the crude and partitioned extracts tested showed inhibition activity in the hatching of trichostrongylid eggs. Larvicidal efficacy was observed at CE concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/mL for P. platycephala and S. alata. However, L. leucocephala CE did not significantly reduce the number of living larvae in the tested concentrations. Chromatographic analysis revealed several active metabolites; gallic acid, ellagic acid, naringin, morin, and kaempferol on AcE of P. platycephala; gallic acid, rutin, and ellagic acid on BuE of P. platycephala; and gallic acid and naringin on BuE of L. leucocephala. The extracts of P. platycephala, L. leucocephala, and S. alata leaves showed egg hatching inhibition and larvicidal activity, probably produced by tannins and flavonoids, which may act alone or by synergism.
Unravelling Chemical Composition of Agave Spines: News from Agave fourcroydes Lem.
Authors: Morán-Velázquez Dalia C. , Monribot-Villanueva Juan L. , Bourdon Matthieu , Tang John Z. , López-Rosas Itzel , Maceda-López Luis F. , Villalpando-Aguilar José L. , Rodríguez-López Lorena , Gauthier Adrien , Trejo Laura , Azadi Parastoo , Vilaplana Francisco , Guerrero-Analco José A. , Alatorre-Cobos Fulgencio
Published: November 2020

Spines are key plant modifications developed to deal against herbivores; however, its physical structure and chemical composition have been little explored in plant species. Here, we took advantage of high-throughput chromatography to characterize chemical composition of Agave fourcroydes Lem. spines, a species traditionally used for fiber extraction. Analyses of structural carbohydrate showed that spines have lower cellulose content than leaf fibers (52 and 72%, respectively) but contain more than 2-fold the hemicellulose and 1.5-fold pectin. Xylose and galacturonic acid were enriched in spines compared to fibers. The total lignin content in spines was 1.5-fold higher than those found in fibers, with elevated levels of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) subunits but similar S/G ratios within tissues. Metabolomic profiling based on accurate mass spectrometry revealed the presence of phenolic compounds including quercetin, kaempferol, (+)-catechin, and (−)-epicatechin in A. fourcroydes spines, which were also detected in situ in spines tissues and could be implicated in the color of these plants’ structures. Abundance of (+)-catechins could also explain proanthocyanidins found in spines. Agave spines may become a plant model to obtain more insights about cellulose and lignin interactions and condensed tannin deposition, which is valuable knowledge for the bioenergy industry and development of naturally dyed fibers, respectively.
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo: A Critically Endangered Perennial Orchid from the North-West Himalayas
Authors: Wani Ishfaq Ahmad , Kumar Vijay , Verma Susheel , Tasleem Jan Arif , Rather Irfan A.
Published: November 2020

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Orchidaceae) is a perennial herb inhabiting sub-alpine to alpine regions, ranging at elevations between 2500 and 5000 m.a.s.l. With palmately lobed rhizome and lanceolate leaves having a sheathing leaf base, it bears pink flowers with purple-colored notches and a curved spur. It finds wide use in ayurveda, siddha, unani, and folk medicine in curing disorders of the circulatory, respiratory, nervous, digestive, skeletal, and reproductive systems, besides boosting the immune system to fight infectious diseases. Secondary metabolites such as dactylorhins A–E, dactyloses A–B, and others exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiseptic, anticancer, and immune enhancing activities). Its use as a dietary supplement was found to be beneficial in increasing testosterone levels, resulting in improved sexual desire and arousal. Incessant overexploitation of this medicinally important herb has resulted in the dwindling of its populations in the wild, which has resulted in its classification as a critically endangered plant species. Efforts involving mass reproduction through in vitro (through tissue culture) and in vivo (by vegetative propagation) means are currently being made to maintain the germplasm of this critically endangered orchid. Holding immense significance in clinical research and drug discovery, work on the genomic front (transcriptomics) has recently been carried out to discover the wealth of unexplored genetic information for this perennial herb. The present study is aimed at reviewing different aspects of the orchid to present collective (summarized) information on this medicinally important herb in the present, particularly its botany, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacognosy, along with the strategies that need to be adopted to prevent its overexploitation in natural habitats.
Biosorption of Co2+ Ions from Aqueous Solution by K2HPO4-Pretreated Duckweed Lemna gibba
Authors: Reyes-Ledezma Jessica Lizeth , Cristiani-Urbina Eliseo , Morales-Barrera Liliana
Published: November 2020

The wastewater of the many industries that use divalent cobalt (Co2+)-containing compounds has elevated levels of this metal. Thus, novel technology is needed to efficiently remove Co2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Biosorption is a low-cost technique capable of removing heavy metals from contaminated water. This study aims to evaluate the performance of KH2PO4-pretreated Lemna gibba (PLEM) as a biosorbent of Co2+ in aqueous solutions tested under different conditions of pH, particle size, and initial Co2+ concentration. Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies were conducted. The capacity of biosorption increased with a greater initial Co2+ concentration and was optimal at pH 7.0 and with small-sized biosorbent particles (0.3–0.8 mm). The pseudo-second-order sorption model best describes the experimental data on Co2+ biosorption kinetics. The Sips and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models best predict the biosorption capacity at equilibrium. According to the thermodynamic study, biosorption of Co2+ was endothermic and spontaneous. The effect of pH on the biosorption/desorption of Co2+ suggests that electrostatic attraction is the main biosorption mechanism. SEM-EDX verified the presence of Co2+ on the surface of the pretreated-saturated biosorbent and the absence of the metal after desorption.
A Study on Fiber Laser Welding of High-Manganese Steel for Cryogenic Tanks
Authors: Kim Jaewoong , Kim Jisun , Pyo Changmin
Published: November 2020

As the environmental regulations on ship emissions by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) become stricter, the demand for a ship powered by liquefied natural gas (LNG) is rapidly increasing worldwide. Compared to other materials, high-manganese steel has the advantages of superior impact toughness at cryogenic temperatures, a low thermal expansion coefficient, and a low-cost base material and welding rod. However, there is a limitation that the mechanical properties of a filler material are worse than those of a base material that has excellent mechanical properties. To solve these shortcomings, a basic study was performed to apply fiber laser welding with little welding deformation and no filler material to high-manganese steel. The relationship between laser welding parameters and penetration shapes was confirmed through cross-section observation and analysis by performing a bead on plate (BOP) test by changing laser power and welding speed, which are the main parameters of laser welding. In addition, the welding performance was evaluated through mechanical property tests (yield strength, tensile strength, hardness, cryogenic impact strength) of a welding part after performing the high-manganese steel laser butt welding experiment. As a result, it was confirmed that the yield strength of a high-manganese steel laser welding part was 97.5% of that of a base metal, and its tensile strength was 93.5% of that of a base metal.
Product Concentration, Yield and Productivity in Anaerobic Digestion to Produce Short Chain Organic Acids: A Critical Analysis of Literature Data
Authors: Simonetti Serena , Saptoro Agus , Fernández Martín Claudia , Dionisi Davide
Published: November 2020

In order to make anaerobic digestion-based processes for short chain organic acid (SCOA) production attractive, the key performance variables, i.e., concentration, yield, and productivity of the produced SCOAs need to be maximised. This study analysed recent literature, looking for the effect of process operating parameters (feed concentration, pH, temperature, and residence time) on the performance variables. Data from 551 experiments were analysed. Mean values of the SCOA concentration, yield, and productivity were 10 g l−1, 32% (chemical oxygen demand (COD) COD−1), and 1.9 g l−1 day−1, respectively. Feed concentration and residence time had the most important effect. Higher feed concentration corresponded to higher product concentration and productivity, but to lower yield. The mean feed concentration was 109 gCOD l−1 and 19 gCOD l−1 in the experiments with the highest product concentrations and in the experiments with the highest yields, respectively. Shorter residence times corresponded to higher productivity. The mean HRT (hydraulic residence time) in the experiments with the highest productivities was 2.5 days. Sequencing batch reactors gave higher values of the performance variables (mean values 29 g l−1, 41% COD COD−1, and 12 g l−1 day−1 for product concentration, yield, and productivity, respectively) than processes without phase separation.
Enacting Critical Citizenship: An Intersectional Approach to Global Citizenship Education
Authors: de Vries Maayke
Published: November 2020

Global citizenship is a popular concept that was fully embraced by UNESCO in 2015 with a framework for Global Citizenship Education (GCE). This pedagogical guidance can be characterized as transformative since it aims to foster reflective citizens who contribute to building a more inclusive, just, and peaceful world. Thus, GCE allows educators to take a critical approach to their teaching, hereby articulating a clear social justice orientation towards citizenship education. However, recent studies indicate that most interpretations and thus implementations of GCE do not translate into a social action approach. Therefore, this article conceptualizes an intersectional approach to GCE, to make a critical approach of GCE more likely by practitioners. Intersectionality was developed by Black feminists in the US, to highlight structural oppressions and privileges on the basis of analytical categories. Intersectionality, furthermore, allows for opportunities to recognize resilience and resistance in marginalized communities. Therefore, an intersectional approach to GCE would develop sensibilities among students to understand global structures of oppression and domination on the basis of analytical categories like race, gender, and class. This knowledge would lead to an awareness of one’s own complicity and shared responsibility, resulting in deliberations and eventually political actions. The overall aim is to provide practitioners with a concrete suggestion of a critical interpretation of GCE, to show its potential as a social justice-orientated framework for educators in especially continental Europe.
COVID-19 as a Global Risk: Confronting the Ambivalences of a Socionatural Threat
Authors: Arias-Maldonado Manuel
Published: November 2020

On the face of it, the COVID-19 pandemic seems to fit into the risk society framework as a danger that is produced by the modernization process in its global stage. However, coronaviruses are a very particular kind of risk which risk theory does not properly explain. In fact, there is no single perspective on risk that offers a fully satisfactory account of the SARS-CoV-2, despite all of them having something valuable to contribute to the task. This paper attempts to categorize the COVID-19 pandemic as a particular kind of risk that is not adequately explained with reference to the risk society or the new epoch of the Anthropocene. On the contrary, it combines premodern and modern features: it takes place in the Anthropocene but is not of the Anthropocene, while its effects are a manifestation of the long globalization process that begins in antiquity with the early representations of the planet as a sphere. If the particular identity of the disease is considered, COVID-19 emerges as the first truly global illness and thus points to a new understanding of the vulnerability of the human species qua species.
Neutron Stars and Dark Matter
Authors: Del Popolo Antonino , Le Delliou Morgan , Deliyergiyev Maksym
Published: November 2020

Neutron stars change their structure with accumulation of dark matter. We study how their mass is influenced from the environment. Close to the sun, the dark matter accretion from the neutron star does not have any effect on it. Moving towards the galactic center, the density increase in dark matter results in increased accretion. At distances of some fraction of a parsec, the neutron star acquire enough dark matter to have its structure changed. We show that the neutron star mass decreases going towards the galactic centre, and that dark matter accumulation beyond a critical value collapses the neutron star into a black hole. Calculations cover cases varying the dark matter particle mass, self-interaction strength, and ratio between the pressure of dark matter and ordinary matter. This allow us to constrain the interaction cross section, σdm, between nucleons and dark matter particles, as well as the dark matter self-interaction cross section.
Acceptability of Clinical Services Provided to First Nations Families
Authors: Kalinowski Katharine , Martin Toby , Cressman Carly
Published: November 2020

Canadians should have equal qualities and levels of healthcare. This has not always been the case, especially for First Nations Peoples in Canada, as the death of Jordan River Anderson, a First Nations boy from Norway House Cree Nation, illustrated. In response to this gap in services, Jordan’s Principle was created to provide First Nations Children with increased access to adequate healthcare. The present study assessed the social validity of community-based clinical services provided under Jordan’s Principle. Three respondent groups were surveyed to measure satisfaction with current services. Research findings serve to inform service providers of the quality of the services and may ultimately increase the quality of life of individuals served by similar endeavours. Results indicated high levels of satisfaction amongst service recipients, a promising outcome for service providers and funders. Through this research endeavour, it is evident that further services are not only warranted but actively welcomed. Keywords: Indigenous, First Nations, social validity, consumer satisfaction, service delivery
Physics of the Universe (1)
Authors: Jessii Prince
Published: November 2020

The Physics of the Universe series emerges from the discovery of the Grand Unification Theory (Theory of Everything). It starts from (1) and counting. The last revolution of physics begins from this paper (1). See Introduction for more details.

[La serie Physics of the Universe emerge dalla scoperta della Teoria della Grande Unificazione (Teoria del Tutto). Inizia da (1) e conta. L'ultima rivoluzione della fisicainizia da questo articolo (1). Vedere Introduzione per maggiori dettagli.]
Social movements and grassroots discourse of climate justice in the context of droughts
Authors: Chaudhuri Nairita Roy
Published: November 2020

India’s encounter with farmers’ protests since 2015 has highlighted the constructivist attempt of grassroots movements in confronting the state’s monopoly over production of law. Farmers’ groups and civil society organisations have been mobilising legal and extra-legal tactics to gain discrete legal responses from the state towards guaranteeing farmers’ fundamental rights in the context of climate change adaptation to droughts in semi-arid parts of rural India. This paper discusses the strategies used by such actors to frame the contours of climate justice. The movement highlights the need for India’s policies to align with transformational, procedural and distributional justice goals that recognise and redress structural (socio-economic, cultural, colonial) roots of vulnerability towards just and sustainable adaptation processes. It also highlights the responsibility of the nation-state to safeguard the fundamental/constitutional rights of farmers who contribute to the nation’s food security while being the most vulnerable to climate impacts at sub-national scales.
Simulation of electron transfer processes in a semiconductor structure using graphene and boron nitride
Authors: Muravyov V. V. , Mishchenka V. N.
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the results of simulating the electron transfer processes in a three-dimensional semiconductor structure containing graphene and layers of boron hexagonal nitride using the Monte – Carlo method. Graphene is currently considered one of the most promising materials for the creation of new semiconductor devices with good performance for high frequency ranges. The use of graphene, which has high mobility of charge carriers, high thermal conductivity and a number of other positive properties, allows the development of new semiconductor devices with good output characteristics. The simulation allowed us to obtain the main characteristics of electron transfer, namely, dependence of speed, average energy, mobility on the strength of the electric field in a semiconductor structure containing a layer of graphene and boron nitride region. Electron transfer processes were simulated considering temperature variations of graphene and boron nitride layers, which is observed with increasing strength of the electric field in the structure. The analysis of the obtained dependencies showed that at small values of electric field strength, which does not exceed approximately 2.5 kV/cm, there is a nonlinear change in electron energy and temperature. At more significant values of electric field strength a quasi-linear change in temperature is observed. The similar course of dependence is observed also for the dependences of the average energy of electrons on the intensity of the electric field for the graphene layer.. The resulting dependencies of electron transfer characteristics can serve the basis for determining output characteristics in multi-layer semiconductor devices containing layers of graphene, boron hexagonal nitride and other materials.
Metaanálisis de la frecuencia de JAK2 en mielofibrosis primaria según la técnica de detección
Authors: Mejía-Ochoa Mónica , Acevedo-Toro Paola Andrea , Cardona Arias Jaiberth Antonio
Published: November 2020

Antecedentes y objetivo: en la literatura científica mundial la frecuencia de JAK2 presenta una alta heterogeneidad en las neoplasias mieloproliferativas crónicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la prevalencia de la mutación JAK2 en mielofibrosis primaria (MFP) y compararla según la técnica de detección en los años 2007-2018.

Material y métodos: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis, usando 21 búsquedas en tres bases de datos multidisciplinarias. Se aplicaron las fases de identificación, tamización, elección e inclusión de la guía PRISMA. Se garantizó reproducibilidad y evaluación de la calidad metodológica. Los análisis se basaron en frecuencias y metaanálisis para la prevalencia de la mutación con su intervalo de confianza de 95%.

Resultados: se incluyeron 29 estudios con 744 pacientes, los cuales provienen principalmente de Corea, Brasil y China. La técnica más empleada fue AS-PCR, las prevalencias de JAK2 con esta técnica oscilaron entre 33.3 y 71.4%; con PCR en tiempo real entre 42.9 y 77.3%, con secuenciación de 14.3-57.4% y en ARMS de 36.4-83.3%. La prevalencia de JAK2 no presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas según el tipo de prueba diagnóstica utilizada.

Conclusión: se evidencian altas frecuencias de la mutación JAK2V617F en MFP, lo que evidencia que el diagnóstico de esta entidad no debe realizarse únicamente por características clínicas y hematológicas sino también por la tamización genética de los pacientes.
Tuberculosis faríngea
Authors: Neyra León Jesús Andree , Gerecz Cornejo Enike Liliana Margit , Cabrejos Valderrama Janish Alberto Mao , Antonio Travezan Pedro Salvador
Published: November 2020

La tuberculosis faríngea es una forma extrapulmonar de esta enfermedad que corresponde a menos de 1% de casos, mayormente de carácter secundario. En Perú, no hay datos de reportes de casos en esta forma de tuberculosis extrapulmonar.

Presentamos el caso de un varón de cuarenta y dos años que consultó por dolor de garganta y tumoración en faringe de dos meses de evolución, sin antecedentes epidemiológico o patológico. Se realiza biopsia de la lesión y coloración Ziehl Neelsen dando compatible a tuberculosis faríngea.

En la radiografía de tórax se encontró lesiones pulmonares diseminadas bilaterales de tipo miliar, confirmando forma secundaria a tuberculosis diseminada. Por ello, se resalta la importancia de descartar tuberculosis ante toda faringitis crónica sin respuesta al tratamiento convencional
Enseñar y aprender anatomía
Authors: Suárez-Escudero Juan Camilo , Posada-Jurado Maria Camila , Bedoya-Muñoz Lennis Jazmín , Urbina-Sánchez Alejandro José , Ferreira Morales Jorge Luis , Bohórquez-Gutiérrez César Alberto
Published: November 2020

La anatomía humana es una ciencia básica que permite adquirir en los profesionales de la salud (en formación y ya graduados), una comprensión detallada y global de lo que implica estudiar el cuerpo humano; otorga fundamentación en el lenguaje técnico que se requiere en otras ciencias básicas, clínicas y quirúrgicas. La forma de enseñar y aprender anatomía ha evolucionado con el tiempo, existiendo varios modelos pedagógicos que se pueden confundir con las didácticas. Es propósito contemplar aspectos educativos y reflexionar sobre los modelos pedagógicos, recursos y didácticas empleadas en la enseñanza/aprendizaje de la anatomía humana (historia, presente y tendencias), rescatando el valor del conocimiento anatómico en la formación médica y de otros profesionales de la salud. Las herramientas actuales y nuevas tendencias de la anatomía informática pueden complementar, dinamizar y mejorar (mas no reemplazar) los modelos pedagógicos básicos de la anatomía descriptiva regional, por sistemas y clínica.
SERUM VITAMIN D STATUS AMONG CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN WITH RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Authors: Kalyanshettar SS , Umarani Sanjeevani , Patil M M , Patil SV
Published: November 2020

Objective: To know whether low levels of vitamin D affects severity of respiratory illness and its clinical outcomes.
Design: Hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study.
Setting : Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Teaching Hospital affiliated with Medical College with study period of one and half years
Methodology
The study was performed on 50 cases of critically ill children with respiratory infectious disease admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit. Assessment of severity of respiratory infection was done with Paediatric respiratory severity score (PRESS). Serum vitamin D levels were assessed. Duration of PICU stay, hospital stay, need and type of respiratory support and its duration were also recorded.
Results:
Severe Vitamin D deficiency (<20ng/ml) was noted in 64% of total cases admitted with respiratory illness in PICU. Among these, 62.5% (20) cases had severe respiratory illness. The severity of respiratory illness was found to be highly significant with low Serum vitamin D values (p<0.01). Low serum vitamin D levels were also significantly associated with length of PICU stay (p<0.01), length of hospital stay (p=0.014), type of respiratory support (<0.001) and duration of respiratory support (p<0.001)
Conclusion:
A high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was found in critically ill children admitted with Respiratory infection. A strong statistical correlation was noted with Vitamin D deficiency and strongly associated with prolonged PICU care, respiratory support and hospitalization.
Locating Sickness: Disability, Queerness, and Race in a Memoir
Authors: Hamidi Yalda , Moyer Valerie
Published: November 2020

This paper re-reads Sick: A Memoir (2018) by Porochista Khakpour, as a transnational feminist and queer text, to investigate how the author locates her disability and queerness with the diaspora, homelessness, and rise of governmental violence. Through the lens of feminist and disability studies, Sick can be read as an outstanding narrative of the queerness, disability, in-between-ness, and of course, resistance of a queer and disabled woman of color. The paper argues that Khakpour’s story should be regarded as an attempt to write complexities of intersectional and multi-layered identities that challenge the discourses of detection and diagnosis; criticize the politics of race among the community of Iranian-diaspora and in America; and highlight the role of home, belonging, and the feeling of homelessness caused by state policies of nation-building and exclusion. Further, Khakpour proposes a new guideline for feminist geography that accommodates female, queer, disabled, and diasporic Iranian-American bodies on the expanding map of excluded and erased subjects.
Formación Didáctica L2 (Kaqchikel) en la ENBI Nim Na’oj
Authors: Chalí­ Sarech Lilian Esterlina
Published: November 2020

Este artí­culo presenta los resultados de la investigación titulada ”Formación didáctica L2 (kaqchikel) en la ENBI Nim Na’oj”, realizada en enero y febrero de 2020.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje que utiliza el docente en la formación didáctica que reciben los estudiantes de Magisterio Infantil Bilingüe Intercultural, para el abordaje la Segunda Lengua - L2 (kaqchikel). Los resultados muestran que tanto los documentos así­ también el docente no cuenta con una metodologí­a definida y técnicas adecuadas para el desarrollo de los contenidos didácticos propuestos en las sub-áreas didáctica L2.

Ante esta situación, existe la necesidad de actualización docente en el uso y domino de las cuatro competencias lingüí­sticas del Kaqchikel - L2 para desarrollo del curso de Didáctica, que facilite la interacción entre los estudiantes y docentes. El principal desafí­o de la Escuela Normal de Educación Bilingüe Intercultural Nim Na’oj será promover una educación de calidad que responda a las caracterí­sticas culturales de las comunidades indí­genas para asegurar el derecho de ser educados en su propia cultura en dos o más idiomas.
Gestión de Desempeño Social en las Microfinanzas
Authors: Aldana Bolaños Marvin Amí­lkar
Published: November 2020

La gestión del desempeño social es la ecuación perfecta para las organizaciones de hoy en dí­a; derivado a que, con la práctica idónea se obtendrá un balance perfecto del desempeño financiero y social por consiguiente un enfoque equilibrado que beneficia al colaborador, a los clientes y a la organización de forma integral, debido a que sus procesos y resultados no pueden ser alterados porque están sumamente vinculados con la filosofí­a y valores institucionales.
BIOLOGY OF ACROPTILON REPENS (L.) DC. IN THE SOUTH URALS
Authors: Abramova L. M. , Mustafina A. N. , Nurmieva S. V. , Golovanov Ya. M.
Published: November 2020

The article provides information on the biology of Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. This species is a perennial root weed from the Asteraceae family. It is included in the list of quarantine plants of the Russian Federation. In the South Urals the species appeared not long ago and is classified as potentially invasive. In the Republic of Bashkortostan the first record of the species dates back to 2013. The aim of the research was to study the biological characteristics and parameters of coenopopulations (CP) of a dangerous quarantine plant under new living conditions in the Republic of Bashkortostan in comparison with the previously formed invasive coenopopulations of the Orenburg region. Three localities of invasion of A. repens were examined (1 in the Republic of Bashkortostan and 2 in the Orenburg region) during the expedition trips in 2018. The research specifies that the maximum height of plants (47.9 cm) and most other morphometric parameters are registered in the Shkunovka CP. The highest percentage of the species participation in the community is also observed there (82.9 %). The largest number of shoots per 1 m2 (31.3) was found in the Kumertau CP. The Divnopolye CP and Shkunovka CP have similar indexes of morphometric parameters. The Kumertau CP is different from the CPs of Orenburg region in most parameters. Predominance of individuals of the highest class is noted in two coenopopulations of Orenburg region. They are classified as prosperous coenopopulations and Kumertau CP as a depressive one. The discriminant analysis proves that in all coenopopulations of A. repens, individuals are morphostructurally different, with no overlap between them. The Kumertau CP is phenotypically the most distant from the Divnopolye CP and Shkunovka CP.
BILINGUALISM IN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE ENTITLED 25 BEAUTIFUL FRIENDSHIP
Authors: Adek Muhammad , Asifa Lilia Zahra
Published: November 2020

Indonesia is one of the countries that has implemented a bilingual education program through English lessons since entry level. Therefore, this study aims to describe the effect of bilingual education on children’s language used. The object of research is a novel entitled 25 Beautiful Friendship by Annisa Zhahrotushama Balqis. Data description is managed by showing facts related to the influence of bilingualism (foreign language) on the language used by the author in her novel, such as giving names of titles, characters, places, food items, events and others. Based on the findings and results of the analysis above, it can be concluded that the massive teaching of foreign languages such as English into basic-level education has a significant impact on the way children convey their feelings and experiences in verbal communication.
IMPLICATURE IN THE INTERNET MEMES: SEMIO-PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS
Authors: Rina Nova , Yanti Yusrita , Idham Hayqal
Published: November 2020

Internet memes refer to memes that are spread through the Internet, from person to person via social networks, blogs, direct email, or news sources. The main purpose of internet memes are for humorous or to entertain the readers. However, not all people can easily interpret a meme. This phenomenon appears to be the case because several internet memes contain implied meaning or implicature due to the limited caption available and the picture it brings which has its own character and representation. The purpose of this research is to describe the implicature in the internet memes by using Grice's theory in the perspective semiotics and pragmatics due to all of contexts, symbol, icon, and index in the memes influence the interpretation of the implied meaning and the intention. In this analysis, the writers uses qualitative method. The data were taken from the three meme websites: 9gag.com, knowyourmeme.com and memecenter.com. The data collected have been completely analyzed based on the research questions. The results show the most dominant memes spread of using conventional implicature. There are six categories found based on its idea and representation; they are (1) masculinity, (2) personal experience, (3) loneliness, (4) social events, (5) false analogy and (6) sarcasm. Then, there are at least two contexts that influence the implication of each meme, and the most dominant influence is the social contexts.
PECULIARITIES OF MORTALITY FROM NEOPLASMS IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY
Authors: Sabgayda Tamara , Modestov Andrey , Perkhov Vladimir , Son Irina , Leonov Sergey , Dezhurnyy Leonid
Published: November 2020

Objective. To determine the characteristics of mortality from cancer in the Krasnoyarsk territory and the possible causes of their formation.
Methodology. Dynamics of the standardized mortality rates from cancer in 1989-2014 in the Krasnoyarsk territory, the Russian Federation and the Siberian Federal District was analyzed. Cancer mortality structure by age (per five-year intervals) and causes for 2000-2002 and 2012-2014 were also analyzed. Mortality dynamics and rates were compared for age groups up to 70 years and 70 years and older.
Results. Trends in mortality of men and women in country and the District were reliably described by linear equations, which predicted a further reduction in mortality. The best mathematical description of mortality dynamics in the Krasnoyarsk territory were obtained using polynomial equations of second order, which predicted a further increase in mortality rate. The increase of mortality in the Krasnoyarsk territory was not on the whole age scale but only for age group of 70 years and older. For the Krasnoyarsk territory the expected average age of men who died from cancer in 2014 almost reached the average Russian level while their life expectancy lagged behind the average figure for the country at 1.7 years. Women of the Krasnoyarsk territory died from cancer at a later age than in the country as a whole (69.97 against 69.46) but their life expectancy was a year and a half less than average Russian figure. In the Krasnoyarsk territory cancer mortality structure by causes did not fundamentally change since the beginning of the millennium despite the significant increase in proportion of older persons in population. At the same time there was a threefold increase in male mortality and a twofold increase in female mortality from non-defined and benign neoplasms over a ten year period. In the Krasnoyarsk territory the proportion of age group of 70 years and older in mortality from nondefined and benign neoplasms increased from 14.6% among men and 16.9% among women in 2000-2002 to 45.6% and 51.3% in 2012-2014.
Conclusion. The peculiarity of mortality from neoplasms in the Krasnoyarsk territory (high level and growth only in age group of 70 years and older, pronounced increase in mortality from benign and non-defined neoplasms) may be due to overdiagnosis of death from cancer among the elderly.
MICROFLORA OF INFILTRATIVE-ULCERATIVE FORM OF BASAL CELL SKIN CANCER AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF CRYOGENIC TREATMENT
Authors: Prokhorov Georgiy , Radzhabova Zamira , Kotov Maksim , Nazhmudinov Rustam , Artemev Semen , Galunova T. , Madagov A. , Rakitina D.
Published: November 2020

Microbiological examinations of the material obtained from patients with infected forms of basal cell skin carcinoma revealed the predominance of saprophytic microorganisms. Performing cryoablation with the temperature up to minus 185 ° C in three cycles with active thawing in all cases resulted in the formation of cryonecrosis zone and retaining the same microorganisms. Culture S. aureus strains isolated from patients with basal cell skin carcinoma and exposed by triple-cycle of cryoablation as well as immersed in liquid nitrogen revealed the absolute resistance of strains to cryogenic effects. Therefore positive clinical results of cryoablation of tumor are not connected with any bactericidal effect of cryogenic temperatures on accompanying microflora.
RESULTS OF COMBINED COMPETITIVE RADIOTHERAPY OF IIA - IIIB STAGE CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS USING INTRACAVITARY AND INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY
Authors: Isaev Isa , Aliev D. , Akperov K. , Guliev E.
Published: November 2020

Treatment and investigation results of 128 IIA - IIIB stage cervical cancer patients treated by concurrent chemoradiother-apy with combined intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy were analyzed. Interstitial brachytherapy allowed significantly increase a dose to high risk clinical target volume without elevation of the dose to surrounding organs at risk. Three-year relapse free survival did not differ significantly between intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy groups. However analysis of local control rates depending on tumor size ant treatment modality showed higher three year relapse free survival rate for tumors > 5 cm treated by interstitial brachytherapy. Therefore interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer is quite safe and effective treatment modality and could be used in daily clinical practice. But to do final conclusions we need to recruit more patients and longer follow up.
RADIOTHERAPY AND TARGETED THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC BRAIN LESION: NEW TREATMENT OPTIONS
Authors: Banov Sergey , Golanov Andrey , Vetlova Yelena , Redkin Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

Metastases in the brain are the most common malignant brain tumor. A multidisciplinary approach including radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy is used to treat patients with brain metastases depending on the prevalence of the tumor process and symptomatology. In recent years there was a steady trend of transition from conventional to conformal radiotherapy. A confirmation of this fact is the creation and clinical implementation of the principles of stereotactic radiotherapy (in the mode of radiosurgery or hypofractionation), which in fact changed the paradigm of local treatment of patients with metastases in the brain. On the other hand the evolution of drug treatment of malignant tumors led to the creation of a new direction - targeted therapy, which significantly changed the treatment of cancer patients. The combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy contributed to further individualization of treatment, potentially eliminating the need for cytotoxic chemotherapy or whole brain irradiation. At present the effectiveness and safety of the combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy are being studied, the results of which will determine the place and role of the treatment technique in treatment of patients with metastatic brain lesion. This review summarizes the available literature data of a combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy in patients with metastatic brain lesion with an emphasis on survival, local control, distant metastasis and post-radiation complications.
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF SQUAMOUS CELL CANCER OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE ORAL CAVITY
Authors: Nikolenko Vladimir , Kochurova Yekaterina , Mukhanov Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

Modern data of the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (MMOC) show an increasing prevalence of the disease, a high mortality rate despite the development of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment. SCC is a group of polyetiological diseases. Among the most often etiological factors the use of tobacco products is found as one of the main cause of the disease with the division into active or passive methods of their use, prevalence and potential pathogenicity. Also the risk of the development of SCC MMOC depends on the consumption of alcoholic product as the long-acting traumatic factor. There were analyzed and considered the most common precancerous diseases of the mucous membrane of the mouth, their private and common significance in the structure of precancerous diseases. There was revealed the high correlation between periodontal disease and the development of SCC MMOC, which corresponded to the general assumption about the risk of oncology development against the background of chronic infection in the oral cavity. There were identified new data of the relation between the carriers of some types of the viruses of human papillomavirus and the development of SCC MMOC. Particular understanding of the causal relation of presented on-copathology allowed judging the lack of preventive measures, the necessity of required qualification of specialists of dental and related profile.
BRANT (BREAST RECONSTRUCTION AND NODE TRANSPLANTATION) - A ONE-STAGE TRANSPLANTATION OF INGUINAL LYMPH NODES AND DELAYED BREAST RECONSTRUCTION. MODERN CONCEPT IN RECONSTRUCTIVE MICROSURGERY OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM LESIONS
Authors: Ivashkov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Secondary lymphedema is one of the common complications after complex treatment of breast cancer. One of the promising methods of treatment of lymphatic edema at the moment is microsurgical autotransplantation of inguinal lymph nodes. Only one method for treating lymphatic edema with a one-stage breast reconstruction was the concept of TBAR (Total Breast Anatomy Restoration), which implies the use of an inguinal lymphatic flap in the unfree variant - with the inclusion of its DIEP flap for delayed breast reconstruction. Cons - the concept is limited to using only the DIEP flap. A patient suffering from lymphatic edema and in need of breast reconstruction may not have enough tissue on the anterior abdominal wall. Therefore, our goal was to create an alternative concept, not tied to a single flap. BRANT (Breast Reconstruction And Node Transplantation) means microsurgical autotransplantation of the inguinal lymph flap into the axillary region and the use of any of the available flaps, to restore anatomical structures and to replenish the volume of the breast. The proposed method allows achieving the following results: for the minimal amount of surgical interventions an attractive type of breast is restored and good results are achieved in the treatment of lymphatic edema of the hand.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BREAST CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA. WAYS OF PREVENTION
Authors: Pisareva Lyubov , Lyakhova Nina , Panferova Yelena , Odintsova Irina , Ananina Olga , Chimitdorzhieva Tatyana , Doroshenko Artem , Cherdyntseva Nadezhda , Perinov D.
Published: November 2020

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the Republic of Buryatia estimating 18.4 % of all female cancers. From 1999 to 201З the average standardized incidence rate for breast cancer was 34.2±1.2 per 100,000 in the Republic of Buryatia and 42.3±0.8 in Russia. During a 15-year study period the overall increase in breast cancer incidence rate in the Republic of Buryatia was lower than that in Russia being 20.0 % and 22.9 %, respectively. In 2015 the Government of the Republic of Buryatia and the Ministry of Health approved the Individual Risk Assessment Program developed by the Tomsk National Research Medical Center (No. 2010616823 dated October 13, 2010) to improve cancer care for patients with breast cancer. The program was implemented in 27 medical institutions of the Republic.