bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ УСТРОЙСТВА КОНТРОЛЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ И ТОКА ОДНОФАЗНОГО ЗАМЫКАНИЯ НА ЗЕМЛЮ
Authors: А. К. Жумадирова
Published: October 2024

В данной статье разработаны математическая модель и программное обеспечение устройства автоматического контроля состояния изоляции и тока однофазного замыкания на землю в сетях напряжением 6–10 кВ. Основой для разработки устройства служат существующие методы определения параметров изоляции и тока замыкания на землю в трехфазных электрических сетях с изолированной нейтралью напряжением выше 1000 В, обладающие существенной простотой измерений и расчета параметров изоляции и тока замыкания на землю по сравнению с другими косвенными методами. При проектировании математической модели любого цифрового устройства широко применяются методы теории автоматов и теории графов, позволяющие синтезировать достаточно сложные модели вычислительных устройств для определенных прикладных задач. На начальном этапе разработки математической модели составлена содержательная граф-схема алгоритма, в которой внутри условных и операторных вершин записаны логические условия и микрокоманды в содержательных терминах. На основе структурной схемы и систем уравнений выходных функций и функций переходов построена логическая схема FSM устройства контроля состояния изоляции и тока однофазного замыкания на землю, приведен программный код. Ключевые слова: электрическая сеть, изоляция, контроль, finite-state machine, программное обеспечение.
SIMULATION HEATING PROCESS FOR WEAKLY REACTIVE COAL IN THE HORIZONTAL REACTOR
Authors: А. Аtyaksheva  , A. Mergalimova  , S. Ybray  , A. Dashevskaya  , N. Ryvkina
Published: October 2024

In this study results of the active medium parameters influence formed by hot air on the thermal heating process of weakly reactive coal from the formation «Maikubensk 3B» for the extraction of additional heat are represented. In the course of the research the regularities of the hygroscopic moisture and volatile combustible substances release for the obtaining additional heat have been determined. Optimal temperature ranges of the stage heating taking into account thermal destruction of coal in the temperature range from 20 C to 600 C, the main steps of the insulated heating process, the moisture content gradient propagation lines and dependence of the heat transfer and mass transfer coefficients on the temperature and the humidity during the thermal heating process in the horizontal coal heating reactor. The results show that it is possible to release volatile combustible gases with a gradual increase of temperatures in the obtained mode. The heating mode comprises a pre-heating stage with hydroscopic moisture release, in the temperature range from 20 C to 105 C, the stage of isothermal heating in the temperature range from 105 C to 400 C and the phase of flame-free combustion in the temperature range from 400 C to 600 C with the temperature rise above the set value. Process simulation was carried out in the Comsol Multiphisics software environment for the weakly reactive coal real-world heating conditions. Keywords: coal heating, weakly reactive coal, isothermal heating, step-by-step heating, Lagrange method, non-liner equation, non-stationary process.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЙ ПРОТОТИП МИКРОПРОЦЕССОРНОЙ РЕЛЕЙНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ОТКРЫТЫМИ СТАНДАРТАМИ ИНТЕРНЕТА ВЕЩЕЙ
Authors: А. В. Нефтисов  , И. М. Казамбаев  , Д. Б. Уразаев  , К.М. Жакупова  , Н.Ж. Сагадатова
Published: October 2024

Координация работы релейных защит является важным аспектом при возникновении серьезных неисправностей и должна обеспечивать быстрое выключение. Одним из решений является использование интернета вещей. Объектом данного исследования является архитектура системы релейной защиты, в которой используется только локальный интернет, а в открытом доступе-глобальный. Целью исследования является оценка эффективности использования интернета в релейной защите, а также актуальности её архитектуры. Эта архитектура передачи, сбора, анализа данных релейной защиты, конкретных протоколов своевременного подключения и безопасности данных является справедливой процессуальной единицей. Качество релейной защиты обеспечивает хорошо организованная структура для точного и эффективного сбора, передачи и анализа данных. Для исследовательских целей были проведены эксперименты, чтобы подтвердить возможность гипотезы. Эксперимент был проведен для нескольких устройств, чтобы определить наиболее эффективные из предложенных. Полученный результат представлен в виде таблицы и содержит значения как для беспрепятственных условий, так и для препятствий в виде стен. Выбран протокол данных ESP-now, который является открытым. Условия также предназначены для определения основных параметров радиоволн, в первую очередь скорости передачи в общее время работы релейной защиты, а также количества пакетов на тысячу с разной памятью. Было обнаружено, что наличие стены в качестве барьера приводит к потере мешков. При выполнении одного из условий исследования интернет вещей может использоваться в релейной защите. Ключевые слова: релейная защита, скорость срабатывания, магнитный датчик, магнитное поле, открытые стандарты, промышленный интернет вещей, эксперимент.
СПОСОБ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ СЕКЦИИ СО «СКРЫТЫМ» ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕМ В ТРЕХФАЗНЫХ ОБМОТКАХ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ МАШИН
Authors: А.Н. Новожилов  , Д.К. Имангазинова  , Т.А. Новожилов  , Ж.С. Исенов
Published: October 2024

Трехфазные электрические машины переменного тока имеют одинаковое исполнение статора и фазного ротора. Для их защиты от коротких замыканий иногда используются защиты на кольцевом измерительном преобразователе, обладающие высокой чувствительностью к витковым замыканиям. Их отключение от сети электрической машины высокочувствительной защитой иногда приводит к тому, что в обмотках статора или фазного ротора образуется секция со «скрытым» повреждением. Надежное без травмирования изоляции остальной части обмотки выявление места расположения секции со «скрытым» повреждением дает возможность осуществить временный ремонт электрической машины, а, следовательно, многократно сократить время и стоимость ее ремонта. Для выявления секции со «скрытым» повреждением в трехфазных обмотках электрических машин, оснащенных кольцевым измерительным преобразователем можно воспользоваться способом, в котором из электрической машины вынимают ротор, электромагнитный индуктор устанавливают поочередно на все соседние зубцы ее магнитопровода статора или фазного ротора. При этом наличие замкнувшихся витков в диагностируемой секции определяют по появлению ЭДС в кольцевом измерительном преобразователе. Предлагаемый способ выявления секции со «скрытым» повреждением в трехфазных обмотках электрических машин позволяет повысить надежность диагностирования, сократить число используемого для диагностики оборудования и упростить процесс диагностики. Ключевые слова: Электрические машины, трёхфазные обмотки, витковые замыкания, «скрытые» повреждения, поиск поврежденной секции, кольцевой измерительный преобразователь, магнитный индуктор.
ОБЗОР МЕТОДОВ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ АСИНХРОННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ
Authors: Б. Е. Мухаммадиев  , А. Д. Умурзакова  , П. Ш. Мади  , А. М. Сарманова  , Б. Б. Исабекова
Published: October 2024

В статье представлен обзор методов диагностики технического состояния асинхронного двигателя (АД) и представляет собой исследование современных технологий измерения электрических параметров и выявляет факторы, оказывающие влияние на перегрузочную способность, а также возможные перспективы применения данных для повышения эффективности электроприводов в различных секторах промышленности и сельском хозяйстве. Исследование направлено на повышение эффективности работы электроприводов в различных отраслях, включая сельское хозяйство, с целью оптимизации процессов и снижения затрат, что, в конечном итоге, должно способствовать устойчивому развитию и улучшению качества жизни, в том числе в сельских районах. Эти методы способствуют повышению надежности работы оборудования, поиску дефектов в работе АД в различной промышленности и сельском хозяйстве, сокращению времени простоя и оптимизации производственных процессов, а также помогают оперативно обнаруживать и предотвращать перегрузки, снижая риск аварий, получая при этом более точную и надежную оценку перегрузочной способности АД. Дальнейшее исследование и внедрение этих методов могут привести к созданию более эффективных и надежных систем контроля, а также мониторинга промышленного оборудования. Ключевые слова: диагностика, контроль, неисправность, асинхронный двигатель, измерение, электрические параметры.
ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПОЛИМЕР-МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОГО БИТУМА
Authors: Г.Сейтенова  , Р. Дюсова  , Ж. Нурахметова  , С. Коспармакова  , А. Джексембаева
Published: October 2024

В данной статье представлена технология производства полимер-модифицированного битума, направленная на оптимизацию процесса. Полимерно-модифицированный битум (ПМБ) с использованием полипропилена (ПП) может использоваться в качестве альтернативы первичному вяжущему для выдерживания значительной транспортной нагрузки. В статье приведена принципиально новая технология производства полимер-модифицированного битума из сырья казахстанских производителей одного региона и, как следствие, организация производства в одном регионе, способствующей снижению затрат на транспортировку сырья и готовой продукции, что в свою очередь приводит к снижению энергопотребления и в целом к оптимизации производственных процессов. Результаты исследования показывают хорошую динамику по улучшению эксплуатационных характеристик дорожного битума с использованием полипропилена. Добавление вакуумного газойля в качестве пластификатора приводит к увеличению эластичности, улучшению адгезии к поверхности, изменению реологических свойств, модификации температурных свойств, энергосбережению, улучшению устойчивости к окислению и старению в качестве антиоксиданта. Растворимость полипропилена в парафиновых, изопарафино-нафтеновых и ароматических углеводородах различна, следовательно, огромное влияние имеет химический состав вакуумного газойля, необходимо иметь данные группового и компонентного состава и требует дальнейшего исследования. Ключевые слова: битум, полипропилен, пластификатор, вакуумный газойль, оптимизация.
Histomorphological study of appendectomy specimens in a tertiary care hospital – A retrospective study
Authors: Pari Priyatharsini , Udhayakumar Bharathi , Jayakumar Priyadharsini
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The vermiform appendix is a vestigial organ that is present at the posteromedial wall of the caecum. Acute appendicitis is one of the common causes of acute abdominal pain. This condition is more common in young adults age group. Histopathological examination of the appendix helps in confirmation of appendicitis as well as can reveal many incidental findings. Hence this study was undertaken to see the spectrum of histopathological findings in the appendectomy specimens.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted in Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India to study the histopathological spectra of the appendectomy specimens over a period of two years from Jan 2019 to Jan 2021. Patients’ clinical findings, gross and microscopic findings were recorded.

Results
A total case of 180 appendectomy specimens was studied. Among the study population, the male to female ratio is 1.25:1. In our study, the peak incidence was found between the age group of 21-40 years. The patient most commonly presented with the symptom of right iliac fossa pain. The most common cause was acute appendicitis followed by acute recurrent appendicitis. We also encountered 3 cases of appendicitis with Enterobius vermicularis which was an incidental finding. A single case of fibrous obliteration of the appendix and tuberculosis of the appendix was reported.

Conclusion
Histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens is mandatory since they help not only to confirm the diagnosis of acute and acute recurrent appendicitis, but also play an important role in identifying incidental findings which may mandate further treatment.

Keywords: Appendix, Microscopy, Histopathology, Incidental findings
POWER OF EDUCATION IN SHAPING DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP AND GOOD GOVERNANCE
Authors: Timidi Emmanuel Tamaramiebi , Okuro Goddey
Published: October 2024

Education is a fundamental pillar in the establishment and sustenance of democratic societies. This study explores the intricate relationship between education, democratic citizenship, and good governance. By examining various educational frameworks and their impact on civic engagement, political awareness, and governance quality, the research underscores the transformative power of education in fostering democratic principles. The analysis is grounded in theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence drawn from diverse contexts. It highlights how education promotes critical thinking, informed decision-making, and active participation in democratic processes. Moreover, the study delves into the role of education in cultivating a sense of civic responsibility and ethical governance among citizens.

Key findings reveal that comprehensive educational systems that emphasize civic education, human rights, and democratic values significantly contribute to the development of informed and engaged citizens. Such citizens are more likely to demand accountability, transparency, and ethical behavior from their leaders, thereby enhancing governance quality. The study also addresses challenges such as educational inequality and access disparities that hinder the full realization of education’s potential in democratic consolidation. Policy recommendations are offered to strengthen educational strategies that support democratic citizenship and good governance.
John Hejduk: 1954-1974. Sobre la dimensión didáctica de su obra arquitectónica
Authors: García-Escudero Daniel , Bardí-Milà Berta
Published: October 2024

En 1974, John Hejduk condensó dos décadas de exploración arquitectónica en una serie de croquis conocidos como "Cronologías," distribuidos en nueve hojas que organizan cronológicamente sus obras más influyentes. Estos dibujos delinean tres períodos críticos representados por las Texas Houses (1954-1962), Diamond Projects (1962-1967), y Wall Houses (1968-1974), cada uno documentado en exposiciones y publicaciones clave como"'John Hejduk Houses" (IAUS, 1980), "Three Projects" (Cooper Union, 1969) y "Fabrication" (Cooper Union, 1974). Este corpus de trabajo, arraigado en su enseñanza en Texas, Yale y Cooper Union, articula una aproximación taxonómica a la arquitectura, destacando la formulación de un vocabulario formal abstracto. Estos proyectos, mayoritariamente no construidos, no solo reflejan un aprendizaje arquitectónico basado en elementos fundamentales y su organización sistemática, sino que también sirvieron de preámbulo a sus emblemáticos ejercicios didácticos: "The Nine-Square Grid Problem," "The Cube Problem" y "The Juan Gris Problem." Esta integración de la teoría y la didáctica destaca la cohesión entre la práctica especulativa de Hejduk y su innovadora pedagogía, enfatizando cómo sus investigaciones formales influenciaron profundamente en la enseñanza arquitectónica contemporánea.
2022. Hotel The Porter House y Residencial The Castle
Authors: Angelo Candalepas and Associates
Published: October 2024

Ubicada en el corazón de Sydney, 116 Bathurst Street (The Castle) es una torre de uso mixto de 37 pisos (excluido el sótano de 8 niveles) que combina espacios residenciales, hoteleros y comerciales. La forma arquitectónica simple de la torre emerge de una estructura intrincada que se eleva delicadamente sobre la Casa Porter de 1876, declarada patrimonio histórico. La torre se encuentra sobre un podio, compuesto de elementos que reconocen el carácter local, lo que refleja un sentido de artesanía que surge de la historia del lugar.
2006. Pindari
Authors: Angelo Candalepas and Associates
Published: October 2024

El complejo Pindari, diseñado por fases, consta de 66 apartamentos y casas adosadas ubicadas en un terreno de 8.000 metros cuadrados. El complejo está formado por tres bloques distintos, cada uno de los cuales ocupa una esquina del terreno en forma de L. El bloque C se finalizó en 2006; los bloques A y B son la segunda y última etapa de unos terrenos abandonados cuyo masterplan se completó en 2009. La localidad es predominantemente de densidad media con edificios de tres plantas sin ascensor y casas unifamiliares. El terreno y la localidad se benefician de una serie de árboles que se han mantenido en la ubicación y se han tenido en cuenta en el diseño y construcción del edificio.
2014. Pelican Street
Authors: Angelo Candalepas and Associates
Published: October 2024

El elemento central de la propuesta es la amenidad plasmada en planta. La composición arquitectónica de la planta permite la comodidad de las propiedades adyacentes buscando la salida  de las formas del muro de fachada como clave de su intersección. Por lo tanto, este edificio no sigue una propuesta comúnmente familiar de formas urbanas y muros urbanos. Los interiores, a su vez, responden a la naturaleza formal en planta de la forma de mano, de tal manera que la privacidad o las vistas innecesarias (y dañinas) de los edificios colindantes poco desarrollados se enmascaran en beneficio de las vistas a distancia de las que gozan los habitantes.
Presentación
Authors: Realidad Realidad
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
Realidad, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, No. 164, 2024: 5-6.
"El Primer Grito de Independencia" en los ensayos históricos de Francisco Gavidia: la invención de un mito fundacional de la "nación salvadoreña"
Authors: Meléndez Ramírez Óscar
Published: October 2024

In 1911, the centenary festivities of the political movements that took place in the Municipality of San Salvador in 1811 were celebrated with great sumptuousness. The commemorations-celebrations of 1911 were part of a set of rites, symbols, anniversaries, monuments, places of civic memory that the Salvadoran State needed to invent in order to instill feelings towards the country in the population. To achieve this, it was also necessary to create a history based on historical facts that would become a canon and give support to nationalist inventions. To pursue this, in 1912 the President of the Republic Manuel Enrique Araujo commissioned three intellectuals to write an official history. Francisco Gavidia was asked to write about the independence of El Salvador. The result of that request was the publication of the book Modern History of El Salvador. In this book, Gavidia included two chapters on what was called “First Cry of Independence.” Thus, the movements of 1811 became one of the founding myths of the Salvadoran nation. Along with the date —November 5—, the myth of the hero / father of the country José Matías Delgado was created. The third link in the myth was the bell tower of the La Merced Church. In this way, the story to create a “cradle of the country” was resolved. Along with Gavidia, other intellectuals completed that company. This work intends to analyze the context of the invention of “The First Cry of Independence”.
Realidad, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, No. 164, 2024: 39-88.
Controlling and Auditing Business Operations: Developing a Scale
Authors: Çetinkaya Ali Şükrü , Güleç Gürkan
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop an up-to-date measurement tool to evaluate the control and audit activities in all kinds of enterprises with expressions for control and audit within the scope of compliance audit.
Methodology: Current expressions related to control and audit were selected from the item pool created based on the literature and scale development stages were applied. The data were then analyzed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale.
Findings: The study developed a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure control and audit activities in all types of businesses. The scale consists of five sub-dimensions: process control, materials and equipment, assessment, authorized person, standard procedures.
Originality: The study is original in that it developed a scale that can be used to measure control and audit activities in all types of businesses, regardless of their characteristics. The scale is also up-to-date, as it reflects the latest thinking on control and audit practices. The scale is also up-to-date as it reflects today's working conditions related to control and audit practices. It can also be used by practitioners to assess the effectiveness of their control and audit systems.
The Relationship between Technological Innovation and Economic Growth in EU Countries: A System GMM Approach
Authors: Tosunoğlu Mahir
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of technological innovation and scientific research on economic growth in European Union (EU) countries. It emphasizes the importance of prioritizing these factors for sustainable development and global competitiveness.
Methodology: The research, conducted using panel data analysis and the System GMM method, examines the relationship between R&D expenditures and per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Findings: Existing research indicates that innovation and research positively affect economic performance. Technological innovation supports economic expansion by enabling the creation of new products and improving production methods, while scientific research also makes a significant contribution to economic growth. The study confirms a positive relationship between R&D expenditures and GDP per capita, indicating economic growth.
Originality: In contrast to existing literature, the results are analyzed comparatively on EU countries using methods such as Prais-Winsten and System GMM. Additionally, the discussion conducted on the group of EU member states addresses the concepts of sustainable development and global competitiveness.
İşletme Verimliliğine Bağlı Müşteri Muhasebesi ve Kârlılık Sürecinde Faaliyet Tabanlı Maliyetlendirme
Authors: Saraç Emel
Published: October 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada perakende, hizmet ve üretim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren şirketlerin FTM uygulanarak işletme karlılık ve verimlilik süreçlerini iyileştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Faaliyet Tabanlı Maliyetlendirme (FTM) işletme verimliliğini artırmak ve müşteri muhasebesi ile karlılık süreçlerini iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanılan maliyet yöntemidir. FTM, geleneksel maliyetlendirme yöntemlerinin aksine, maliyetlerin doğrudan faaliyetlere ve bu faaliyetlerin tükettiği kaynaklara dayandırılmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, işletmelerin maliyetlerini daha doğru bir şekilde teşhis etmelerine ve müşteri karlılığını daha net bir şekilde analiz etmelerine olanak tanımaktadır. FTM'nin temel amacı, maliyetlerin doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak nasıl oluştuğunu ve hangi faaliyetlerin bu maliyetlere dahil edileceği belirlemektir. Bu sayede, işletmeler maliyetlerini daha etkin bir şekilde yönetebilir ve kaynaklarını daha verimli şekilde kullanılabilmektedir. Ayrıca, FTM sayesinde işletmeler, kârlı ve kârsız müşterileri tespit edebilir ve dolayısıyla müşteri odaklı stratejilerin gelişiminde oldukça önem teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle müşteri muhasebesi sürecinde FTM, her bir müşteriye atfedilen maliyetlerin ve bu müşterilerden elde edilen gelirlerin analiz edilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır.
Bulgular: FTM uygulanan sektörlerde anlamlı şekilde karlılık, verimlilik oranları artmış maliyet oranlarında azalma görülmüştür.
Özgünlük: FTM, işletmelerin verimliliğini artırarak maliyet yönetimini iyileştirir ve müşteri muhasebesi ile karlılık süreçlerinde daha doğru ve stratejik kararlar alınmasına olanak tanımaktadır. Bu yöntem, işletmelerin rekabet avantajı elde etmelerine ve uzun vadeli başarı sağlamalarına yardımcı olmaktadır.
From nature to buildings: a biomimetic approach as an alternative against structures’ humidity issues in Jijel – Algeria
Authors: Ouroua Choubaylа , Debache Samira , Milardi Martino
Published: October 2024

Purpose. This study aims to explore the plants’ potential to adjust to humid climates and understand their acclimation processes to inspire building designs and develop moisture-resistant building materials. It’s based on the top-down biomimetic approach and proposes a method for applying biological processes to architectural concepts, referring to the anatomical diagnoses of moisture-resistant plants.
Results. The study revealed that mimicking the hierarchical structuring observed in leaf venation patterns significantly improved the mechanical strength and flexibility of the biomimetic materials. The results indicated that plants had evolved several morphological and physiological adaptations and validated the importance of considering both the cuticle and stomata as essential adaptive factors in developing a biomimetic process. Plant adaptation mechanisms led to a focus on porosity, external textures, hydrophobic additives, and multilayer structures of building materials to produce compositions suitable for humid climates inspired by these principles.
Scientific novelty. This research contributes to our understanding of how plants adapt to high humidity levels and underlines the importance of adopting the principles developed by biological systems to survive and cope with changing conditions.
Practical value. This study opens insights for more resilient bio-inspired architecture that responds adaptively to humid climatic environments and highlights the significance of creating suitable building materials for different climates and those adapted for climate change.
Розвиток «зеленого» будівництва в контексті «зеленої» післявоєнної відбудови
Authors: Kucher Anatolii , Kucher Lesia , Rudenko Dariia , Synytsia Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

Мета. Мета цього дослідження – сформувати бібліометричний ландшафт бази знань щодо розвитку «зеленого» будівництва в контексті «зеленої» післявоєнної відбудови України й на прикладі конкретного проєкту показати можливість і доцільність організації переробки відходів від зруйнованих унаслідок воєнних дій будівель на продукцію з доданою вартістю в системі цінностей циркулярної економіки.
Результати. Узагальнено вплив російсько-української війни на житловий фонд і довкілля (у частині відходів руйнувань). Визначено тенденції та сучасний стан наукового забезпечення розвитку «зеленого» будівництва у світі, ідентифіковано лідерів за кількістю досліджень щодо «зеленого» будівництва серед країн, організацій та авторів. Дослідження щодо «зеленого» будівництва більше сконцентровані в організаціях розвинених країн, передусім у Китаї та США, а не в країнах, що розвиваються. Розроблено бібліометричні карти інтенсивності та хронології використання термінів у публікаціях щодо «зеленого» будівництва у світі, а також щодо наукової співпраці різних країн. На основі ідентифікованих кластерів схарактеризовано основні напрями досліджень; визначено необхідність їх активізації для обґрунтування механізму імплементації «зеленого» будівництва в концепцію «зеленої» післявоєнної відбудови України. Економічно обґрунтовано інвестиційну привабливість проєкту організації переробки бетону від зруйнованих унаслідок воєнних дій житлових будівель на вторинний щебінь; здійснено аналіз його ризиковості за допомогою норми беззбитковості.
Наукова новизна. Дістали дальшого розвитку еколого-економічні засади розвитку будівництва на основі формування бібліометричного ландшафту бази знань щодо «зеленого» будівництва в системі цінностей «зеленої» післявоєнної відбудови України. Представлено одну з перших спроб обґрунтувати економічну доцільність циркулярних проєктів організації переробки відходів від зруйнованих житлових будівель на продукцію з доданою вартістю.
Практична цінність. Здобуті на основі бібліометричного аналізу результати сприяють поліпшенню розуміння розвитку «зеленого» будівництва у світі та перспектив його застосування в Україні, зокрема в контексті «зеленої» післявоєнної відбудови. Обґрунтування циркулярного проєкту щодо переробки відходів від зруйнованих будівель може бути корисним для громад й інших зацікавлених сторін під час розроблення бізнес-планів подібних проєктів й управління їх ризиками. Результати можуть бути корисними для дослідників і практиків, які працюють у сфері «зеленого» будівництва, сприяючи активізації досліджень в Україні.
The Role of Nursing Guidelines on Successful License Renewal for Nurses and Midwives in Ubungo District Public Hospitals in Tanzania
Authors: Makali Hellen John , Mutalemwa Darlene
Published: October 2024

In the recent years, nurses and mid wives are struggling to keep their knowledge current knowledge and skills current and relevant through to changing requirements and situations. Through engaging in continuing professional development (CPD), care givers become updated knowledge and practice to provide quality care to patients. This study sought to unveil the role of CPD on license renewal of midwives and nurses with a special focus on Ubungo district as Ubungo has more health Centres as compared to other districts in Dar es Salaam. Specifically, the study sought to determine the role of nursing guidelines on successful license renewal for Nurses and Midwives in Ubungo District Public Hospitals, The study was guided by the Kirkpatrick Model as the theoretical framework. The study used descriptive research design while simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select members of sample size who were 99 respondents. The target population of the study included all public hospitals, dispensaries and health centres located in the Ubungo district. The data was collected using documents review, in-depth interview, and structured interviews, and then analyzed using content analysis, narrative analysis, and descriptive analysis. Findings revealed that the CPD acquisition and license renewal guidelines are available at the Tanzania nursing and midwifery council(TNMC) website, however, they require registration and login to access them. The license acquisition process was through paper document submission at the TNMC office and later on changed to online in 2022. Apart from insufficient computers and limited internet access, some challenges result from nurses and midwives negative attitude towards license renewal as they tend to not renew them until there is a tactical advantage such as a promotion. Management staff at the hospitals also does not focus on license renewal as they focus more on accomplishment of daily tasks, and only care when a malpractice occurs. CPD points determine the eligibility of the license renewal applicant. The study concludes that the online availability of CPD guidelines is a good way of reaching all stakeholders. The study recommends awareness raising activities regarding access to the guidelines, raise more awareness regarding the online license renewal system, and design more effective and efficient means of stakeholder outreach.
Conceptual Mappings of Metaphorical Euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision Ceremonies
Authors: Nyarumba Moraba Duncan , Mudogo Bernard , Mandillah Lucy
Published: October 2024

Conceptual mappings are a key tenet of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and are sets of systematic correspondences between the source and target domains. As observed in the relevant literature, it is argued that metaphors establish a conceptual link between a source and target concept such that the target domain is understood through a source domain. As a result, the correspondences are constrained by different mapping scopes which help avoid the transfer of just any kind of feature from the source to the target concept. In this study, we sought to examine the conceptual mappings of metaphorical euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision Ceremonies. The study analyzed the conceptual mappings of metaphorical euphemisms used in EC based on the essentials of cognitive metaphor analysis and principles of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The metaphor-related words (MRWs) identified using the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIPVU) were subjected to conceptual analysis using the CMT. The conceptualization of the target domain euphemisms was obtained through projections in the source domain such as objects, animals, plants, and human beings. In this view, the study identified the following four generic metaphors in Ekegusii Circumcision Discourse; Circumcision is a Human being, Circumcision is an Animal, Circumcision is a Plant and Circumcision is an Object. The study employed a descriptive research design. A combined method of elicitation and the native speaker’s intuition was used to collect culture-specific metaphorical euphemisms through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The quantitative data on the other hand was analyzed using the statistical Package for Social Sciences which is; Chi-square at a significant level of 0.05 was employed to test the association between the overall cross-tabulated corpus of the generic level metaphors versus the influence of demographic variables on the usage of euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision ceremonies. The findings of this study not only contribute to the existing literature in cognitive linguistics but also indicate that Ekegusii speakers conceptualize circumcision through metaphorical euphemisms. The findings of this study are of benefit to the ethnographers and metaphor theorists for further reference.
Examining the Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Enhancing Global Presence and National Identity: A Case of the Ethnographic Museums of Rwanda (Huye and Nyanza) and Itorero ry'Igihugu
Authors: Niyirora Christian , Safari Ernest
Published: October 2024

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Ethnographic Museums and Itorero ry’Igihugu on Rwanda’s international standing, guided by Soft Power Theory and Cultural Exchange Theory. Specifically, it examines how these institutions act as conduits for cultural diplomacy and project Rwanda’s unique narrative both locally and globally. Additionally, the study explores their role in reinforcing Rwanda’s cultural identity and assesses their impact on international relations, shaping Rwanda’s image abroad and supporting its diplomatic endeavors. The research employed a qualitative case study approach, focusing on qualitative data. The overall target population consisted of museum personnel, government officials, local community members, and visitors. Data were collected from a sample of 60 participants, including museum personnel and visitors (12), government officials in charge of cultural affairs (8), and local community members (40). Snowball and convenience sampling techniques were utilized to ensure representation from key groups involved in Rwanda’s cultural and diplomatic sectors. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, participant observations at museum exhibits and Itorero ry’Igihugu ceremonies, and document analysis of museum records and official publications. Data were analyzed using a combination of thematic analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data to identify patterns and trends in the findings. Key findings indicate that the Ethnographic Museums and Itorero ry’Igihugu significantly contribute to cultural diplomacy by fostering a positive national identity and enhancing Rwanda’s visibility on the global stage. These institutions serve as platforms for intercultural exchange, reinforcing Rwanda’s image as a country rich in culture and history, while also playing a role in nation-building through the preservation of cultural values. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of cultural institutions in projecting national identity and promoting diplomacy. The findings suggest that Rwanda’s international presence can be further enhanced through greater investment in cultural diplomacy programs, particularly in promoting the Itorero ry’Igihugu’s values globally. Recommendations include developing strategic partnerships with international cultural organizations and expanding the global reach of Rwanda's museums through digital platforms to attract a wider international audience.
The Level of Accessibility of e-Feedback System Technology among Citizens of Temeke Municipal Council in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Nanji Shirrin Aziz , Rutenge Mary Mohamed
Published: October 2024

The study sought to investigate effectiveness of e-feedback system among citizens of Temeke Municipal Council in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate level of accessibility of e-feedback system technology among citizens of Temeke Municipal Council, to assess the level of digital skills and its influence on e-feedback system usage among citizens of Temeke Municipal and to assess the level of motivation and its influence on the usage of e-feedback system among citizens of Temeke Municipal.  The study was guided by decomposed theory of planned behaviour while conceptual framework was developed to indicate the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The study used explanatory research design while simple random sampling technique was used to select members of sample size who were 133 respondents from the target population of 199 people.  Data were collected through questionnaire while data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression analysis with the aid of SPSS. The study found that there is low level accessibility of e-feedback system technology among citizens of Temeke Municipal Council since most of the citizens are not aware of the existence of the system while level of digital skills on e-feedback system among citizens of Temeke Municipality is low. The study concluded that to a large extent there is low usage of e-feedback system due to the low-level awareness of the existence of the system. It is recommended that the management of the organisation should conduct widespread public awareness campaigns to inform citizens about the existence and benefits of the e-feedback system at large.
Second Order Extended Ensemble Filter for Non-linear Filtering
Authors: Midenyo Kevin , Angwenyi David , Oganga Duncan
Published: October 2024

Whenever the state of a system must be estimated from noisy information, a state estimator is employed to fuse the data with the model to produce an accurate estimate of the state. When the system dynamics and observation models are linear, the Kalman Filter which is optimal, is used. However, in most applications of interest the system dynamics and observations equations are not- linear and suitable extensions of the Kalman Filter have been developed; for example, the Extended Kalman Filter(EKF). The Extended Kalman Filter is based on linearization by the Taylor series expansion about the mean of the state. This filtering process is however computationally expensive especially in high dimensional data. The cause for this is the high cost of integrating the equation of evolution of covariances. Due to this complexity in integration, new methods were sought known as the particle filters. It replaces linearization of non-linearities with Monte Carlo methods. The particle filter formed a basis for Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) an extension of Kalman filter to non-linear filtering. The EnKF reduced the computational cost but its innovation process does not capture information sufficiently hence there is need to improve its performance. This study has developed a new filter, Second order Extended Ensemble Filter (SoEEF).We derived it from stochastic state models by expansion of expected values to the second order by use of Taylor series together with Monte Carlo method and Matlab. We used Lorenz 63 system of ordinary equations and differential Matlab to test the performance of the new filter. Then we compared its performance with four other filters like Bootstrap Particle Filter (BPF), First order Kalman Bucy Filter (FoEKBF),Second order Kalman Bucy Filter (SoKBF) and First order Extended Ensemble Filter (FoEEF). SoEEKF performs much better than the other four filters.
Determination of Vertical Profiles of Shell Currents in the Ionosphere
Authors: Romashets Evgeny , Vandas Marek
Published: October 2024

Abstract. In previous works, we found Euler potentials for the combined magnetic field of Earth’s dipole, field aligned currents, ring current, and the magnetopause surface currents (represented by Dungey’s term), in the magnetosphere. Field aligned currents, also known as the Birkeland currents, experience closure in the ionosphere, through the shell-current patterns, also known as the Pedersen and Cowley currents. Field aligned currents can be measured at an altitude of 800 km, farther, or closer, and can be reconstructed in the entire magnetosphere with tracing along the magnetic field lines. The determination of shell currents is more difficult. They can only be measured in the ionosphere, because they form a closure of field aligned currents in the ionosphere. Analytical and numerical modelings of the shell currents are not easy tasks and require knowledge of the conductivity tensor in the ionosphere. We propose an alternative approach for the shell currents modeling. In this paper, we determine current density distribution in a finite thickness ionosphere. Our system consists of the ionosphere, a region above it (outer region) and a region below it (inner region). The dipole field is present in the entire system. In addition, there is a field generated by the field aligned currents in the outer region. We search for a continuation of these currents into the ionosphere, for shell currents.
Thermal conditions on the coast of Labrador during the late 18th century
Authors: Singh Garima , Przybylak Rajmund , Wyszyński Przemysław , Araźny Andrzej , Chmist Konrad
Published: October 2024

Abstract. In this article, we present research results on the air temperature changes on the Labrador coast at the end of the 18th century (1771–87). This important climatic variable was studied on the basis of valuable instrumental meteorological observations made by Moravian missionaries. The data were taken from meteorological registers available in three major archives: the Moravian Archives in Herrnhut (Germany) and the Moravian Archives at Muswell Hill and the Archives of the Royal Society, both located in London (United Kingdom). The series of meteorological observations we used in the paper are the oldest and longest long-term meteorological observations available not only for Labrador, but for anywhere in the entire Arctic. Moravian missionaries measured not only air temperature (analysed here) but also atmospheric pressure and wind (force and directions) two, three or even four times a day. These unique data allow us to better understand the climate variability and trends in the region during the study's historical period. We have analysed sub-daily air temperature readings from three sites: Okak (1776–87), Nain (1771–86) and Hopedale (1782–86). The data were converted into more relatable present-day units and have undergone rigorous quality control. Original mean daily air temperature data calculated using different numbers of measurements per day were corrected to the “real” mean daily values. The corrected values were subsequently used for statistical analysis. The historical temperatures documented during our specified study period along the Labrador coast were compared with those experienced today. The analysis shows a significant warming from historical to present times. Historical data from Nain, Okak, and Hopedale, representing different periods were, on average, about 0.5 to 2.3 °C colder than in the modern period of 1990 to 2020, especially in winter and autumn. Most monthly mean air temperatures in historical times lie within two standard deviations of the modern mean. The frequency of temperature occurrence in one-day intervals suggests a shift towards more stable and less extreme temperature distributions in contemporary times, implying substantial changes in climate patterns over time in this region. The continentality of the Labrador climate, as well as year-to-year variability of mean monthly temperatures, were greater in historical times than at present.
Numerical Case Study of the Aerosol-Cloud-Interactions in Warm Boundary Layer Clouds over the Eastern North Atlantic with an Interactive Chemistry Module
Authors: Lee Hsiang-He , Zheng Xue , Qiu Shaoyue , Wang Yuan
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The presence of warm boundary layer stratiform clouds over the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) region is commonly influenced by the Azores High, especially during the summer season. To investigate comprehensive aerosol-cloud interactions, this study employs the Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with a chemistry component (WRF-Chem), incorporating aerosol chemical components that are relevant with formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and accounting for aerosol spatiotemporal variation. This study focuses on aerosol indirect effects, particularly long-range transport aerosols, in the ENA region under three different weather regimes: ridge with surface high-pressure system, post-trough with surface high-pressure system, and weak trough. The WRF-Chem simulations conducted at a near the Large-Eddy Simulation scale offer valuable insights into the model’s performance, especially regarding its high spatial resolution in accurately capturing the liquid water path (LWP) and cloud fraction across various weather regimes. Our result shows that introducing five times more aerosols to either non-precipitating or precipitating clouds significantly increases ambient CCN numbers, resulting in varying degrees of higher LWP. The substantial aerosol-cloud interaction especially occurs in the precipitating clouds and demonstrates the LWP susceptibility to changes in CCN under different regimes. Conversely, non-rain clouds at the edges of a cloud system are prone to evaporation, exhibiting an aerosol drying effect. The aerosols released during this process transition back to the accumulation mode, facilitating future activation. This dynamic behavior is not adequately represented in prescribed-aerosol simulations.
On the hydrostatic approximation in rotating stratified flow
Authors: Wirth Achim
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Hydrostatic models were and still are the workhorses for realistic simulations of the ocean dynamics, especially for climate applications. The hydrostatic approximation is formally first order in γ = H / L, where H is the vertical and L the horizontal scale of the phenomenon considered. For linear (low amplitude) and unforced stratified rotating flow the dynamics can be separated in balanced flow and wave motion. It is shown that for the linear balanced motion the hydrostatic approximation is exact and for wave motion it is second order, obtaining the leading prefactors. The validity of the hydrostatic approximation therefore also relies on the ratio of the amplitude of wave motion to balanced motion. This ratio adds considerably to the quality of the hydrostatic approximation for larger scale flows in the atmosphere and the ocean. Imposing the divergenceless condition is a linear projection of the dynamical variables into the subspace of divergenceless vector fields, for both the Navier-Stokes and the hydrostatic formalism. Both projections are local in Fourier space. The projection is followed by a time-evolution operator, which differs in the wave-frequencies, only. Combining the projection and the linear evolution operators in both formalisms leads to the linear projection-evolution operator. Calculating the difference of the two projection-evolution operators, the expression of the error, scaling and prefactors, done by the hydrostatic approximation is obtained. Analyzing the eigen-space of the projector-evolution operators, it is shown that for rotating-buoyant vortical-flow the hydrostatic-approximation is of third order for buoyant forcing, second order for horizontal and first order for vertical dynamical forcing. Equilibrium solutions are in the kernel of the linear projection-evolution operator and conservation laws are in the kernel of its adjoint. Using the Heisenberg-Gabor limit it is shown that for large scale ocean dynamics, the difference of the dynamics of the projection-evolution operator between the two formalisms is insignificant. It is shown that the hydrostatic approximation is appropriate for realistic ocean simulations with vertical viscosities larger than ≈10-2 m2 s-1. A special emphasis is on unveiling the physical interpretation of the calculations.