bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Approach to the Measurement of Wall Pressure Generated by an Underwater Spark‐Generated Bubble by a Hopkinson Bar
Authors: Yao Xiongliang , Cui Xiongwei , Guo Kai , Chen Yingyu
Published: May 2019

The wall pressure loading due to the underwater spark‐generated bubble, having served as an efficient technique to study the underwater explosion, has drawn much attention. Compared with the numerical study of the pressure characteristics, the direct experimental investigation is much rarer. Recently, an improved pressure‐measuring system by using a Hopkinson pressure bar as the sensing element is proposed, set up, and validated by the current authors. In this article, the improved methodology and experimental system is used to detect and analyze the pressure loading on the target plate surface due to the underwater spark‐generated bubble beneath the plate. A series of experiments with 3 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, …, 60 mm standoffs are carried out. The experimental results and the related analysis and discussions are presented. Based on the results, the improved methodology can be used to detect the pressure loading due to the spark‐generated bubble. There is multipeak oscillation near the peak of the shock pressure loading profile. The peak pressure versus the standoff is also summarized. According to the characteristics of the induced water jet pressure and the bubble‐collapse pressure loading given in this article, enough attention should be paid to not only the jet and the first bubble‐collapse pressure loadings but also the secondary bubble‐collapse pressure loadings especially when the dimensionless distance γ > 1.
To Approach or to Avoid? Motivation Differentially Mediates the Effect of Hardiness on Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Military Personnel
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Wong Janet Yuen-Ha , Zhai Linkun , Wu Ruicheng , Huang Tianhao , He Renqiang , Xiao Yang , Yu Yang , Kong Xiangji , Zhou Xiaoyan , Yang Hui
Published: May 2019

Objective. To investigate the mediation effect of approach/avoidance motivation between hardiness and depressive symptoms. Methods. Cross-sectional design was utilized. Two independent samples of military servicemen (G1: military personnel in the Armed Forces; G2: Chinese army military cadets) (n1 = 98, n2 =140) were sampled and investigated. The assessment tools of hardiness scale (DRS), behavioral activation and inhibition scales (BAS/BIS), and Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CES-D)/Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. General linear model was conducted to examine the predictive role of hardiness (DRS) and motivation (BAS/BIS) on depressive symptoms (CES-D or BDI). The mediating role of BAS/BIS between hardiness and depressive symptoms was examined. Results. (1) Across army soldiers and military medical university cadets, hardiness (β=-0.394, P<0.001) and behavioral inhibition (β=0.297, P<0.001) significantly predicted depressive symptoms. (2) For soldiers only, behavioral inhibition mediated the significant association between hardiness and depressive symptoms (β=-0.043, SE=0.027, 95%CI=-0.130~-0.008). (3) For cadets only, behavioral activation-Drive significantly predicted depressive symptoms (β=-0.237, P=0.012), and hardiness operates through behavioral activation-Drive to influence depressive symptoms (β=-0.057, SE=0.036, 95%CI=-0.151~-0.078). Conclusion. Individuals who are low in hardiness and behavioral activation-Drive and who are high in behavioral inhibition showed more severe depressive symptoms. The relationship between hardiness and depressive symptoms was mediated by behavioral activation-Drive in cadets and behavioral inhibition in soldiers. The proposed model offers a useful approach for the development of hardiness training programs to alter approach/avoidance motivation in the military context. Future training program of hardiness could lay more emphasis on promotion of perseverance in pursuing goals in hardy individuals, which may in turn improve active coping.
Identification of Three‐Dimensional Equivalent Material Properties for Laminated Disks Pack of Electric Machine Stators: Application in Reciprocal Compressors
Authors: Marcon Jean C. , Silva Olavo M. , Fiorentin Thiago A. , Lenzi Arcanjo
Published: May 2019

Laminated structures can be represented computationally by the finite element method (FEM) using the homogenization procedure, which consists of the adjustment of equivalent orthotropic properties to a homogeneous structure. The application occurs in stators of electric machines composed of stacked laminated disks connected to each other through windings and other fastening components. This paper describes a method to the dynamic characterization of a typical laminated stator through the application of the homogenization technique to the magnetic core and consideration of the effect of winding contour conditions and screw joints. Two simplified three‐dimensional models for the stator were compared. The first considers the application of a typical tightening of the fastening screws and the presence of a homogeneous isotropic volume representing the winding. The second considers the effect of the boundary condition of the winding on the region of the teeth of the nucleus in order to reduce the degrees of freedom of the complete model. The coupling between the components is accomplished through the application of modal synthesis methods, which require the definition of the surfaces and the type of connection between the components. The obtainment of the set of equivalent orthotropic properties is based on the minimization of residues related to the difference between the natural and experimental frequencies in the range of 0 to 10 kHz. This was carried out using the multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) method used in conjunction with commercial Ansys® software. Both models presented satisfactory experimental correlation. The simplified model demonstrated limitations of representativeness emphasized in specific frequency bands.
Concurrent Expression of CD47 and CD44 in Colorectal Cancer Promotes Malignancy
Authors: Fujiwara-Tani Rina , Sasaki Takamitsu , Ohmori Hitoshi , Luo Yi , Goto Kei , Nishiguchi Yukiko , Mori Shiori , Nakashima Chie , Mori Takuya , Miyagawa Yoshihiro , Kawahara Isao , Fujii Kiyomu , Kishi Shingo , Tatsumoto Naokuni , Kuniyasu Hiroki
Published: May 2019

CD47 activates signal regulatory protein alpha expressed on macrophages and suppresses its phagocytic ability; therefore, CD47 is drawing attention as an immune checkpoint in the innate immune system. Expression of CD47 in cancer is thought to allow cancer cells to escape antitumor immunity of the innate immune system. In this study, expression of CD47 was examined by immunostaining in colorectal cancer (CRC) and compared with the expression of CD44, which is a marker for cancer stem cells. In 95 cases of stage II–IV CRC, CD47 and CD44 showed overexpression in 82 and 80 cases, respectively. Both expression levels correlated with distant metastasis. Moreover, the expression of CD47 and CD44 in each case showed a significant correlation. In stage III cases, disease-free survival of cases showing high expression of CD47 and CD44 was worse than that of the cases with low expression. Furthermore, 3 of the stage IV cases were administered nivolumab, a checkpoint inhibitor of the acquired immune system, and 2 patients showed recurrence thereafter. All recurrent tumors highly expressed CD47 and CD44 and showed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Our results suggest that CD47 promotes the malignancy of CRC in association with EMT and enhances the stemness of cancer cells. Moreover, our study suggests that CD47 and CD44 are involved in imparting resistance to programmed cell death (PD)-1/PD-ligand 1 inhibitors.
Subset-Based Analysis Using Gene-Environment Interactions for Discovery of Genetic Associations across Multiple Studies or Phenotypes
Authors: Yu Youfei , Xia Lu , Lee Seunggeun , Zhou Xiang , Stringham Heather M. , Boehnke Michael , Mukherjee Bhramar
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Classical methods for combining summary data from genome-wide association studies only use marginal genetic effects, and power can be compromised in the presence of heterogeneity. We aim to enhance the discovery of novel associated loci in the presence of heterogeneity of genetic effects in subgroups defined by an environmental factor. Methods: We present a pvalue-assisted subset testing for associations (pASTA) framework that generalizes the previously proposed association analysis based on subsets (ASSET) method by incorporating gene-environment (G-E) interactions into the testing procedure. We conduct simulation studies and provide two data examples. Results: Simulation studies show that our proposal is more powerful than methods based on marginal associations in the presence of G-E interactions and maintains comparable power even in their absence. Both data examples demonstrate that our method can increase power to detect overall genetic associations and identify novel studies/phenotypes that contribute to the association. Conclusions: Our proposed method can be a useful screening tool to identify candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms that are potentially associated with the trait(s) of interest for further validation. It also allows researchers to determine the most probable subset of traits that exhibit genetic associations in addition to the enhancement of power.
Frühe Integration von Palliativversorgung - was wirklich diskutiert werden sollte
Authors: Oechsle Karin
Published: May 2019

By definition, palliative care (PC) is applicable already in early stages of incurable and life-threatening diseases, in conjunction with therapies that are intended to prolong life, such as for example chemo- or radiotherapy. Many patients suffer from distressing symptoms or problems in early phases of such illness. Therefore, it is not a question of «if» PC should be integrated early into oncology, but «how». General PC is defined as an approach that should be delivered by healthcare professionals regardless of their discipline. This is often referred to as «general» or «primary» PC. For this, routine symptom assessment, expertise concerning basic symptom management and communication skills are basic requirements. Communication skills include the willingness to engage in discussions concerning patients' fears, worries and end-of-life issues without the fear of destroying hope. Specialist PC is provided by specialist teams regardless of the patients' disease, be it cancer or non-cancer. Such teams should be integrated in the care of PC patients depending on the availability of these services and the patients' needs. Key messages: «Early PC» must not be used synonymously with «early specialist PC» because much of the PC is delivered as basic oncology PC. For the integration of specialist PC, the identification of triggers is warranted in different institutions to facilitate a meaningful and effective cooperation. Such cooperations should be based on patients' needs, but must also account for questions of availability and resources.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Fibrolamellar Type in an Adolescent: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Santiago-Reynoso Javier , Zamaripa-Martínez Karina Senyase , Dorantes-Loya Juan Manuel , Gaytán-Fernández Guillermo J. , Apolinar-Jiménez Evelia , Paz-Gómez Francisco , Farias-Serratos Felipe , Maldonado-Vega María
Published: May 2019

We present a female patient, 13 years old, with diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma of fibrolamellar type, which was rapidly evolving. The fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma invaded more than 80% of the hepatic parenchyma without surgical possibility or liver transplantation. Measures applied corresponded to chemotherapy of 1 cycle of cisplatin 40 mg/s/5 days + vincristine 1.5 mg/m2/day, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and dexrazoxane. The case presented aggressive evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma, which led to acute liver failure, with hyperammonemia, sepsis, pulmonary focus plus septic shock, grade III-IV encephalopathy, portal hypertension, and ascites with intra-abdominal hypertension. Death occurred due to multiple organ failure, which involved respiratory failure type KDIGO 1 and 2, acute liver failure, severe pneumonia, pericardial effusion, AKIN 2 acute kidney injury, carcinoma, and pulmonary metastasis. This type of ailment is infrequent in children and adolescents, and the first symptoms are crucial to achieve treatment possibilities.
The Effect of a Chickpea-Based Persian Diet on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients: A Semi-Experimental Study
Authors: Heydarirad Ghazaleh , Choopani Rasool , Pasalar Mehdi , Parvizi Mohammad Mahdi , Hajian Parastoo , Mirzaei Hamid Reza
Published: May 2019

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common symptoms associated with cancer or its treatment. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of chickpea-based diet (Nokhodāb) on CRF in female breast cancer patients undertaking routine treatment. Method: Forty female patients with diagnosis of breast cancer were enrolled. The patients were asked to use a chickpea-based Persian diet daily for the period of 3 weeks. Symptom assessment was made for all women by the Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) questionnaires and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: CRF decreased significantly at the end of the study, compared to the beginning (p < 0.05). Mean of CFS was 40.72 before the intervention, while showing a significant decrease to 33.38 at the end of our study (p = 0.001). A comparison of FSS and VAS before and after intervention shows that FSS and fatigue VAS mean scores have a significant decline at the end (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Nokhodāb, as an available diet, could be a good choice for relieving CRF in breast cancer women. Traditional/complementary medicine may present some effective therapeutic suggestions for cancer complications.
Association between Homocysteine and Arterial Stiffness in Women with a History of Preeclampsia
Authors: Wu Fan , Yang Hongyan , Liu Bin
Published: May 2019

Growing evidence has reported that a history of preeclampsia (PE) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial stiffness plays a predictive role in CVD. Previous studies have demonstrated the close association between homocysteine (Hcy) level and arterial stiffness in community-based populations. This study was to assess whether Hcy level was independently associated with arterial stiffness in 168 women with a PE history who were analyzed at a 5-year follow-up. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured by an automatic pulse-wave analyzer and a value >1,400 cm/s was defined as high arterial stiffness. Biochemical parameters were recorded and an Hcy value >10 μmol/L was defined as having hyperhomocysteine (H-Hcy). Variables that were significantly associated with baPWV were tested for independence by multivariate logistic regression analysis. We found that body mass index (OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.008–1.029), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.048, 95% CI 1.019–1.072), total cholesterol (OR 1.059, 95% CI 1.007–1.086), and Hcy level (OR 1.021, 95% CI 1.010–1.037) were independent determinants of baPWV in women with previous PE. Our findings indicate that Hcy pathway might be involved in arterial stiffness in women with a PE history. Whether Hcy would be a promising biomarker for serial stratified CVD risk management in these women deserves further evaluation on a large scale.
Indirect Effects of Body Mass Index Growth on Glucose Dysregulation via Inflammation: Causal Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Fong Ted Chun Tat
Published: May 2019

Objective: No existing studies have examined the mediating role of chronic inflammation between obesity and dysregulated glucose homeostasis in adolescent samples. This study evaluated whether C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation biomarker, mediated the effects of growth (annual increase) in body mass index (BMI) on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods: BMI and biomarker data were used from wave I to wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health study; 4,545 adolescents; mean age = 14.9 years; 55.7% female) with valid CRP data. A causal moderated mediation analysis evaluated the direct and indirect effects of BMI slope on HbA1c via CRP across gender, with demographic and clinical characteristics as model covariates. Results: The participants displayed a linear BMI growth of 0.53–0.58 kg/m2/year throughout adolescence, with substantial interindividual variation. The BMI slope showed positive direct and indirect effects on HbA1c via CRP across gender, and there was a significant exposure-mediator interaction effect. A standardized increase in the BMI slope raised the probability of an abnormal HbA1c value by 6.0–8.5% in participants with various profiles. The total natural indirect effect accounted for 13.3–15.9% of the total effect in males and 21.2–22.7% in females. Conclusions: The findings provide support for the inflammation mechanism in the effects of adiposity on glucose homeostasis. In adolescents, excess BMI growth was linked with a higher risk of glucose dysregulation either directly or indirectly via chronic inflammation.
A Novel Predictor of Chemotherapeutic Cardiotoxicity in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Gurdogan Muhammet , Ozkan Ugur
Published: May 2019

Background: It is known that chemotherapeutic agents cause myocardial cell damage leading to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Fragmented QRS is an indication of fibrosis developing as a result of myocardial cell damage. The aim of this study is to assess whether there is a relationship between the chemotherapeutic treatment and the development of the fragmented QRS complex in electrocardiography (ECG). Patients and Methods: Among 130 patients who were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and received an R-CHOP treatment regimen, the potential emergence of fragmented QRS on ECG as well as the changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (on transthoracic echocardiography) in response to various chemotherapeutic regimens were sought. Results: New development of a fragmented QRS pattern was observed in 53 of the 130 patients (40.8%). These patients were found to have lower LVEF values along with higher numbers of chemotherapy courses and cumulative doses. In the logistic regression analysis, age (OR = 1.042; 95% CI 1.009–1.076; p = 0.012) and number of courses (OR = 1.848; 95% CI 1.409–2.423; p < 0.001) were found to be the most important predictors of fragmented QRS development. In subjects with a fragmented QRS pattern, there was a significant difference between the initial and repeat LVEF values (p < 0.001). Importantly the emergence of a fragmentation pattern occurred much earlier compared to the drop in LVEF values (10.62 ± 4.04 vs. 15.24 ± 7.49 months). Conclusion: Development of a fragmented QRS pattern in response to cancer therapy emerges as a new parameter potentially predictive of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
Global and Globalizing Cities from the Global South: Multiple Realities and Pathways to Form a New Order
Authors: Arbab Parsa
Published: May 2019

The global city order has been changed and reconstructed during the past two decades by the rising of global or globalizing cities in developing and emerging economies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This transition has been dominated by the current global city label with reference to the prime and paradigmatic cases and hegemonic and monopolistic measures from the North. However, achieving a general set of uniform and convergent results is a barren probability, and has led to the underestimation of the local contexts, implications and probabilities. So, it will be challenging to explore the evidence of the globalization of cities in developing countries, and to explain the concepts and meanings of the global positions and functions for their vision and development. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the neglected realities and pathways for reconceptualizing the global city theory by shift from the Global North to the Global South.
The Chimeric “Empty Tomb”
Authors: Chilton Bruce
Published: May 2019

Alan Segal rejected the claim that the “empty tomb” must be taken as the fulcrum of analysis for Jesus’ Resurrection. He characterized that argument as the project of “a small group of scholars made up entirely of the faithful trying to impose their faith in the form of an academic argument.”
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Although Segal’s criticism is too broadly articulated to be convincing, it identifies a weakness in recent discussion. The tomb of Jesus, judged by the statements of the texts involved and their developing tendencies, is better described as “emptying” as time went on than as “empty” from the outset. More importantly, reference to the tomb conveyed differing emphases among tradents, and distinctive outlooks on the Resurrection. Awareness of both the exegetical trajectory of the relevant texts and their varying perspectives leads to the suggestion that the “empty tomb” needs to be replaced as the point of departure in discussion.
Jesus the Pharisee: Leon Modena, the Historical Jesus, and Renaissance Venice
Authors: Facchini Cristiana
Published: May 2019

This article is devoted to Leon Modena’s anti-Christian polemical work Magen ve-herev (1643 ca.) as a useful source for the reconstruction of notions about the historical Jesus in the early modern period. In this work, Modena depicts Jesus in a sympathetic way, placing his religious activity against the backdrop of second Temple Judaism. Modena’s Jesus is fully Jewish, and Magen ve-herev offers different perspectives on the religious and historical context of Jesus’ life, and on the development of Christianity. The text is interpreted not exclusively against the backdrop of Jewish anti-Christian polemics but as the result of an increasing interest in the history of Christianity and ecclesiastical history, mainly as a response to the religious strife that resonated in the Republic of Venice and its ghetto.
Revolutionary Contexts for the Quest
Authors: Birch Jonathan C.P.
Published: May 2019

This article contributes to a new perspective on the historical Jesus in early modern intellectual history. This perspective looks beyond German and academic scholarship, and takes account of a plurality of religious, social, and political contexts. Having outlined avenues of research which are consistent with this approach, I focus on radicalised socio-political contexts for the emergence of ‘history’ as a category of analysis for Jesus. Two contexts will be discussed: the late eighteenth century, with reference to Joseph Priestley, Baron d’Holbach, and their associations with the French Revolution; and the interregnum period in seventeenth-century Britain, with reference to early Quaker controversies and the apologetic work of Henry More. I identify ideas about Jesus in those contexts which have echoed in subsequent scholarship, while challenging the notion that there is a compelling association between sympathetic historical conceptions of Jesus (as opposed to theological) and a tendency towards radical and revolutionary politics.
The Work of Isaac Ben Abraham Troki (16th Century)
Authors: Benfatto Miriam
Published: May 2019

The Jewish anti-Christian polemical literature includes in its arguments the figure of Jesus of Nazareth, since one of its main goals is to discredit certain attributes of the Christian Messiah. This literature, however, has been so far almost completely overlooked in the Leben-Jesu-Forschung. The present paper draws attention to the figure of Jesus that can be seen in the famous text of Isaac ben Abraham Troki, the Sefer Hizzuq Emunah (end of the 16th century), whose controversial deconstruction of the Christological figure of Jesus allows us to discover a particular type of historical construction.
Sennacherib’s Successor: Titus and Anti-Roman Rhetoric in TgJon to Isa. 10:32
Authors: Boyd Samuel L.
Published: May 2019

As recent research in the study of manuscripts has demonstrated, variations in the phrasing of a text not only reveal scribal error or play but also indicate how changes to a given passage in different manuscripts convey important interpretive traditions. In this article, I explore one such case in TgJon to Isa. 10:32. First, I examine how key features (or the lack thereof) in the biblical text of Isa. 10:32 led to certain lines of rabbinic interpretation as found in b. Sanh. 95b, which contains a midrashic story based on the biblical text. Second, I analyse a parallel account of this story as found in TgJon to Isa. 10:32, and I argue that a particular manuscript of this Targum (B. M. 2211) contains added layers of anti-Roman rhetoric through an allusion to Abraham and Nimrod. In this fashion, the variation in wording in this manuscript is indicative of a distinct interpretation from that found in the Talmud.
On the Standards of Conceptual Change
Authors: Kaukua Jari , Lähteenmäki Vili
Published: May 2019

It is a necessary condition for recognising change that there is a yardstick against which the change can be perceived. The same applies to changes that philosophical concepts undergo. This paper delineates standards for recognising conceptual change that meet the requirements of conscientious history of philosophy. More particularly, we want to argue for the need of what we will call non-textual standards. These are features of the world of experience that must be assumed to be shared between us and the historical authors we study. While they must be used in tandem with the recognised contextual standards of conceptual change, we will argue that without recourse to at least some non-textual standards, important kinds of conceptual change will remain inexplicable.
Faith-based Diplomacy and Interfaith Dialogue
Authors: Blakemore Scott
Published: May 2019

Scholars are seeking to identify how to integrate faith into diplomacy constructively. Proponents of faith-based diplomacy recognise that incorporating faith into peacemaking activities assists in alleviating identity-based conflict and religiously motivated violence in the contemporary international system. A promising strategy within the scope of faith-based diplomacy is interfaith dialogue. The study and practice of interfaith dialogue have been reinvigorated since the advent of 9/11, and yet the link between interfaith dialogue and diplomacy remains underdeveloped. The cases of Indonesia and the United States show that states can effectively use interfaith dialogue to achieve policy objectives, and yet some policies are detrimental to achieving goals. Faith-based diplomacy and interfaith dialogue can be innovative diplomatic perspectives useful in addressing contemporary global issues.
The Limits of Cyclization
Authors: König Christoph
Published: May 2019

This article examines Friedrich Schlegel’s theory of philological practice and presents it as crucial for any philology that seeks to establish its philosophical ground without taking resort to theory. Schlegel’s concepts and the form of argument he employs, as illustrated in his notes “On Philology”, are elucidated. Schlegel focuses on ‘cyclization’ as a reiterated critique of a non-discursive practice that eventually leads to a mastership akin to art. Schlegel’s “Lucinde” is—as the article demonstrates—to be read as a novel that serves this philological purpose. Finally, the question of how to deal with art as a telos of philology in times of the modern university is discussed, with the conclusion being that we have to distinguish between the process of gaining insight and the discursive justification of that insight.
The Potential of World Philology
Authors: Dayeh Islam
Published: May 2019

Drawing on recent calls for a return to philology and on the experience of the international research programme “zukunftsphilologie: Revisiting the Canons of Textual Scholarship” this essay seeks to problematise these calls by examining some of the potential and fruitful avenues of inquiry as well as some of the challenges that lie ahead for a future “world philology.”
Holy Lives as Texts
Authors: Mudasir Mufti
Published: May 2019

The present paper aims to examine some important hagiographies of the Muslim saints of Kashmir to illustrate how these accounts contributed to the creation of a space vital for the emergence of a new religious subjectivity from the fourteenth century onwards. It argues against the tendency, underlying much recent scholarship on medieval Kashmir, to approach these texts as unproblematic historical documents without raising certain important questions regarding the context of their production. It, therefore, argues against the dichotomy of ‘myth’ and ‘history’ assumed by most historians who have engaged with these hagiographies. Questioning this approach, it argues that these texts nevertheless offer insights into how a Muslim subjectivity emerged and consolidated itself in medieval Kashmir. Writing lives of the saints should be seen as a discursive practice constructing ideal images for imitation rather than imitations of real lives. Following certain archetypes of saintliness, these texts created and perpetuated the concept of ideal life among a population experiencing a cultural and religious transition. Basing its argument on the thesis that a life is not how it is lived but how it is told and remembered, the paper argues that the narratives of Sufis and Rishis of Kashmir should be seen as constitutive of the very processes by which the Muslim community perceived itself and hence seminal to the formation of a distinct Muslim identity. It concludes with the argument that the binary opposition posited by certain stake holders between a Sufi/Rishi Islam and ‘scriptural’ Islam is a fallacy with no foundation in the recorded lives and teachings of Kashmiri Muslim saints.
Bīdil’s Portrait
Authors: Keshavmurthy Prashant
Published: May 2019

In 1704 the Indo-Persian Sufi and poet Mirzā ʿAbdul Qādir ʿBīdil’ completed an autobiography entitled The Four Elements (Chahār ʿunṣur). Into the fourth “Element” of this text he set an account of a portrait of himself painted around 1677 by Anūp Chhatr, a painter famous for his portraits in the imperial Mughal ateliers of the time. Initially refusing his painter-acquaintance permission to paint him, Bīdil finally yields and is astonished at how the resulting portrait duplicates him like a mirror. After marveling at it for a decade, he falls ill. His friends visit him in his sickbed and one of them, leafing through his anthology of texts, comes upon the painting. He exclaims at how faded it is. Bīdil himself can barely make it out on the page. When he recovers his health, he opens the anthology to examine the faded portrait and is astonished and shocked, as his friends are, to see that it has recovered its brilliant colors. He tears the painting up.

This essay reads this ekphrastic account of self-transformation as an autobiographical and iconoclastic interpretation, playing on philosophical, literary and painterly traditions of visuality, in particular Ibn ʿArabi’s (d. 1240, Andalusia) theory of the imagination. Among the questions that will be pursued are: what understandings of self and self-transformation did Bīdil renew by this interpretation? How is this episode a focusing of concerns that pervade all of The Four Elements? What kind of reader and reading practices did this autobiography assume? And, finally, does an understanding of Bīdil’s iconoclastic self-transformation—turning on this episode—prepare us to better understand his works in other genres?
Philology and Freedom
Authors: Pollock Sheldon
Published: May 2019

If as many observers believe the very survival of philology is in doubt across much of the globe, what are appropriate responses? Answering that question requires answering two others: what is philology, after all, and why should it be preserved? A new definition is offered here for the disciplinary form of philology: its distinctive subject is making sense of texts, its distinctive theoretical concept is interpretation, and its distinctive research methods include text-critical, rhetorical, hermeneutic and other forms of analysis. The point of preserving philology is to preserve the core values it encourages us to cultivate: commitments to truth, human solidarity, and critical self-awareness. The redefinition is meant to help free philology from itself, and identifying core values is meant to help us understand how philology can free us, both as scholars and as citizens.
Cultural Geographies of the Malay World
Authors: Mandal Sumit K.
Published: May 2019

This essay explores the cultural geography of the Malay world writ large by examining the trajectories of texts beyond the conventional national and regional boundaries of Southeast Asian studies. Although the Malay world could be studied in relation to a number of transregional orientations, this essay highlights its interconnectedness with the Indian Ocean. This orientation offers a broad enough frame to examine the transregional scale without losing sight of the local. The essay focuses on a collaborative effort at examining textual trajectories. It proposes a rethinking of the normative vocabulary of the nation-state by exploring the subterranean histories of the present. The essay proposes the term “Malay world” as a helpful vehicle for exploring the transregional connections that are not captured by the language of territory and boundedness. The cultural geography of the Malay world that emerges in this essay is multifarious as its interconnectedness with the Indian Ocean has taken complex and diverse forms. The trajectories of the texts examined have traced a world that has been enmeshed in the transregional traffic of people, goods, and ideas. The pervasiveness of the thinking and practice of the nation-state, has undermined, but not eliminated the multifarious cultural geography of the Malay world.
Soma: Not So Divine
Authors: Mulholland Jean
Published: May 2019

An examination of the method of preparation and the properties of the drug, Soma, used in the sacrificial rituals of the Vedic religion since before 1500 BC, proves that R. Gordon Wasson was wrong. Soma was not a ʼdivineʼ mushroom. Soma is more likely to have been a plant part, such as seeds, roots, leaves or a substance, such as an oleo-resin, prepared from the sap of a plant, small or large.
The Double: Tracing the Cracks of Dual Identity in Balinese and European Ritualized Performance
Authors: Diamond Catherine
Published: May 2019

The Balinese dance legong is compared with two European plays, Jean Genetʼs The Maids and Tom Stoppardʼs Rosencrantz and Guildernstern Are Dead in order to examine different approaches to the function and characterization of the Double. All three contain ritual performance in which the pairs exchange their roles, but for different purposes and with different levels of fluidity. All three play with alternating in presentation between exact mirror images and distinguishable individual characteristics. In the two European examples, the Doubles are socially marginalized characters—servants whose double identity hardly equals a full single identity as even together they cannot combat the power of the Master or Mistress. In the legong, however, the servant is a single character and it is the mistress who is played in double. The splitting of an identity that externally communes with itself is one source of alienation, but in the legong, the performance also alienates the story of rape and revenge by being enacted by pre-adolescent girls; Genetʼs maids achieves a similar alienation by being played by young men, and Stoppardʼs courtiers step in and out of the well-known text, Hamlet. Within the contexts of ritual and game-playing, the three sets of Double perhaps demonstrate different cultural notions of identity vis a vis the concepts individuality and oneʼs role within a social structure.
Structuralism, Post-Structuralism and New Hermeneutics
Authors: Lämmert Eberhard
Published: May 2019

When in European scholarship natural sciences have separated from humanities during the 19th century the concept of hermeneutics won the distinctive mark characterizing the special methods of the humanities in contrast to explanation practiced by natural sciences. The high esteem in literary studies for the individuality of a poet or writer implied that the most important aim of understanding and interpreting was to find the authorʼs secret intention. Maintaining the results of such research in literary studies necessarily must remain subjective or even ideologically determined made the Russian formalists - -later the structuralists from Prague and Western Europe- -try to find a more scientific constitution of a poetic text.
A Typological Approach to the Passive in Thai
Authors: Prasithrathsint Amara
Published: May 2019

Based on the generalization and classification of passives in the worldʼs languages put forward by Givón (1979), Siewierska (1984), and Keenan (1990) this study recapitulates the universal types of passive. Twenty types of passive are proposed. They are grouped into ten pairs of contrastive types; namely, passive vs. ergative, true passive vs. pseudo-passive, direct vs. indirect passive, sentential vs. lexical passive, personal vs. impersonal passive, plain vs. reflexive passive, neural vs. adversative or favorable passive, basic vs. non-basic passive, synthetic vs. periphrastic passive, passive with patient subject vs. passive with non-patient subject. It is found that five of these pairs are applicable to the analysis of passive types in Thai. A typological system of passives in Thai is proposed. It comprises eight actual types of passive, which are distinguished from one another by these features: [true], [neutral], [direct], [basic], and [synthetic].
Motion Event Constructions in Swedish, French and Thai: Three Different Language Types?
Authors: Zlatev Jordan , David Caroline
Published: May 2019

Talmyʼs influential typology of verb-framed/satellite-framed languages has recently been shown to be insufficient (Strömquist and Verhoeven 2003), in particular with respect of serial-verb languages (Zlatev and Yangklang 2004; Slobin 2003). In this paper, we compare motion event constructions in three languages, where two are clear representatives of Talmyʼs two types: French and Swedish, and the third is a serial-verb language, Thai. As expected, Thai turns out to resemble French in some respects, Swedish in others but also to possess structural (i.e. syntactic and semantic) characteristics which distinguish it from the two Talmian types. This reinforces, but also clarifies, previous proposals for regarding serial-verb languages as belonging to a third “equipollent” type.
A Historical Study of Time Markers in Thai
Authors: Kullavanijaya Pranee
Published: May 2019

In general, time markers which mark a sequence of events can be divided into two main types: markers that have locution time of utterance as the referential point, and markers that have the mentioned time in the text as the referential point. Both types of markers range from one word which can be either inherent or derived to such constructions as noun phrases and preposition phrases. The study shows an increase in both the derived words and phrasal constructions in the four studied periods: Sukhothai, Ayutthaya, Mid-Rattanakosin and Modern Thai.
Smart ID Card in Thailand from a Buddhist Perspective
Authors: Kitiyadisai Krisana
Published: May 2019

The threat of terrorism and religious conflict has been intensifying around the world since the attack on the World Trade Center in the USA. Thailand has seen tense situations in the three Southern provinces in which the break down of intelligence gathering systems has been blamed for the failure in preventing attacks and ambushes by local separatists. Consequently, the Thai government implemented the smart ID card policy in order to improve public services, enable electronic transactions and facilitate counter terrorism efforts. The report by the British House of Commons’ Home Affairs Select Committee has expressed concerns over the ID card scheme in the UK and a great deal of debate and discussion have centered on the impacts on human rights, privacy and liberty. However, this paper looks at the smart card scheme in Thailand from a Buddhist perspective, whether there is any Buddhist justification for supporting such a policy. Relevant Buddhist concepts will be the framework for investigating whether the smart card scheme, its objectives, and implementation process are objectionable or acceptable from a Buddhist perspective.
A Perspective in Computer Ethics
Authors: Bhattarakosol Pattarasinee
Published: May 2019

Since computers are counted as a part of life, the issue of computer-related ethics has been considered seriously. Although there have been many studies done and various guidelines had been announced over the decades, enforcement has been impossible. This paper presents a short description of computer ethics and discusses the impacts when ethics are infringed. The causes of breaking ethical guidelines have been raised. Solutions are proposed to solve these causes by obtaining the cooperation of the family and using doctrines.
An Outline for Determining the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Lucas Richard
Published: May 2019

The central question of this paper is: Can there be an ethical artificial intelligence (AI)? The author lists four possible types of answers that have appeared in the literature: Yes, No, Who Knows?, and Who Cares? He discusses the last answer in detail and sketches brief outlines of answers to the first three.
Internet Booths in Villages of India
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sundari
Published: May 2019

Over 700 million of the 1050 million of the population in India live in the villages in which agriculture is the main occupation, thus making every fourth farmer in the world an Indian farmer. The average Indian farmer has to manage multiple relationships on a day-to-day basis: he has to weigh the choices in the inputs- seeds, fertilizers, pesticides etc; he has to network with various agencies and services; for managing his farm he needs accurate, timely and adequate information. Can modern information technology aid the Indian farmer is the focus of this paper and examines the I.T efforts made by the academia, universities, intelligentsia, scientists, research institutes, government and privates sector organizations. Case studies of women from 106 interviewed families in South India showcase the achievements of rural women in Self Help Groups who are linking globally and acting locally. This gives a peep hole into the possibility, of India reaching the highest growth rate, in the Internet market in the Asia Pacific region in the next five years!
Sustainable Tourism Paradigm in Lao PDR (1986–2004 AD)
Authors: Aneksuk Boonyasarit
Published: May 2019

Since 1986 social and economic reform in Lao PDR has created great change in various aspects. Tourism, which has been accepted only recently in Lao PDR, also plays an important role in the economic development of Lao PDR. As a result, tourism is considered a change in the Lao PDR development paradigm.
Understanding Necessity Causally
Authors: Bunnag Puttawit
Published: May 2019

The paper concerns a central issue of alethic modality. It attempts to provide a criterion of meaning for statements with modal words: ‘necessary’, ‘possibly’, ‘must’, ‘can’, ‘could’, etc. By considering the main problems concerning modal logic, logic dealing specifically with modal language, the paper chooses to understand the meanings of modal language by ‘possible worlds’ semantics, and tries to make it more credible by employing a concept of causality which underline most of our normal modal language. Furthermore, the paper attempts to answer the following questions: Why are formal expositions essential to philosophically understanding problematic modal discourses?; What is the conceptual burden they impose on us which needs to be overcome?; Why are existing philosophical endeavours taking part in this semantic contest ‘unsatisfactory’ or ‘inadequate’?; How can we understand modal discourses causally?
Eating Terms: What the Category Reveals About the Thai Mind
Authors: Singnoi Unchalee
Published: May 2019

The study surveys eating terms in Thai to find out complexities of the way the Thai people really categorize. It employs devices of a new view that takes more complex categorization as the main way in which we make sense of experience. That is, categories in this study are characterized depending on the bodily nature of the beings doing the categorizing, with imaginative mechanisms such as metaphor, metonymy, and mental imagery, on the one hand, and the theory of prototypes, on the other hand.
The Image of the Ideal Monarch in the Tale of Duodecagon
Authors: Raksamani Kusuma
Published: May 2019

A collection of Thai tales, derived from Persian Islam, narrates how the kings successfully deal with their ministers and subjects with their righteousness. In the narrative, the twelve-sided tomb of a king is discovered with the inscription of twelve stories, endowed with precepts and wise sayings on the art of ruling. This article discusses the Persian source of the work and analyses the content and theme of the story that mirrors the image of the ideal king in Thai culture and that of Persian Muslims as well. Also, the power of the constructive narrative is stressed in allowing stories to educate the reader or the listener.
The Significance of Salahoen and Kaikaeo in Lilit Phra Lo
Authors: Ruengruglikit Cholada
Published: May 2019

This paper examines the underlying meanings of salahoen, flying betel nut, and kaikaeo, the beautiful wild rooster, in “Lilit Phra Lo” or “The Tale of King Lo”. “Salahoen” and “kaikaeo” are usually considered magical items sent by Pu Chao Saming Phrai, the Green Mountain Guardian, to aid Princess Phuean and Princess Phaeng in fulfilling their desire of acquiring King Lo’s love. By using an anthropological approach, this study suggests that the “salahoen” might be an ordinary betel nut. It is a symbol of the princesses’ love for King Lo, their invitation and gestures of warm welcome. As soon as King Lo receives these messages from the two princesses, whom he also desires romantically, he decides without any hesitation to leave his city to pursue his love. The custom of sending a betel nut as a symbol of love, invitation, and warm welcome as found in this tale is practiced among Tai people including Thais and various other peoples in Southeast Asian countries. In a similar vein, this study also claims that the “kaikaeo” may be interpreted as an ordinary wild rooster whose significance lies in its roles in King Lo’s life and destiny. As this paper reveals, King Lo wants to have the “kaikaeo” to relieve his anxiety and despair after receiving a bad prediction from the guardian of the Kalong River. The belief that a fowl may be used to take away one’s misfortune and to foretell human fate exists in Thai and other Tai societies. Having unveiled the significance of the flying betel nut and the beautiful wild rooster in “the Tale of King Lo” from a cultural/anthropological perspective, this study then demonstrates that King Lo is fully aware of his actions–a factor that enables him to be a great tragic hero.