bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oral Resveratrol Supplementation on Glycogen Replenishment and Mitochondria Biogenesis in Exercised Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Huang Chun-Ching , Liu Chia-Chen , Tsao Jung-Piao , Hsu Chin-Lin , Cheng I-Shiung
Published: December 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of oral resveratrol supplementation on the key molecular gene expressions involved in mitochondria biogenesis and glycogen resynthesis in human skeletal muscle. Nine young male athletes participated in the single-blind and crossover designed study. All subjects completed a 4-day resveratrol and placebo supplement in a randomized order while performing a single bout of cycling exercise. Immediately after the exercise challenge, the subjects consumed a carbohydrate (CHO) meal (2 g CHO/Kg body mass) with either resveratrol or placebo capsules. Biopsied muscle samples, blood samples and expired gas samples were obtained at 0 h and 3 h after exercise. The muscle samples were measured for gene transcription factor expression by real-time PCR for glucose uptake and mitochondria biogenesis. Plasma glucose, insulin, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and respiratory exchange ratio were analyzed during post-exercise recovery periods. The results showed that the muscle glycogen concentrations were higher at 3 h than at 0 h; however, there were no difference between resveratrol trial and placebo trial. There were no significantly different concentrations in plasma parameters between the two trials. Similarly, no measured gene expressions were significant between the two trials. The evidence concluded that the 4-day oral resveratrol supplementation did not improve post-exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis and related glucose uptake and mitochondrial biosynthesis gene expression in men.
Impacts of Dietary Macronutrient Pattern on Adolescent Body Composition and Metabolic Risk: Current and Future Health Status—A Narrative Review
Authors: Kim Oh Yoen , Kim Eun Mi , Chung Sochung
Published: December 2020

Obesity, particularly in childhood and adolescence, is one of the serious public health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 10% of young people aged 5–17 years are obese, which is rapidly increasing around the world. Furthermore, approximately 80% of adolescents who become obese develop bodyweight-related health problems in adulthood. Eating habits and lifestyles play important roles in forming body composition and metabolic status. Changes in body composition in adolescence, the period in which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop, can alter hormonal and metabolic status, can consequently affect health status and the risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood, and moreover may have an impact on probable body composition and metabolic status in the next generation. Here, we reviewed cross-sectional and interventional studies to analyze the role of dietary patterns focusing on macronutrient intake in growth, body composition, and metabolic changes in adolescents. These findings provide insights into optimal dietary guidelines for healthy growth with accretion of adequate body composition in adolescence, and provide an effective strategy for preventing and managing the risk of obesity-related metabolic disease in adulthood, with the additional benefit of providing potential benefits for the next generation’s health.
Parents’ Perception of the Complementary Baby-Led Weaning Feeding Method: A Validation Study
Authors: Martí-Solsona Elena , González-Chordá Víctor M. , Andreu-Pejo Laura , Cervera-Gasch Águeda , Valero-Chillerón Maria Jesús , Mena-Tudela Desirée
Published: December 2020

This study aims to construct and validate a questionnaire that allows Parents’ Perceptions of the complementary Baby-Led Weaning feeding method (PaPerc-BLW questionnaire) to be evaluated. An instrumental design was used. Five child nutrition experts took part in the development and content validity. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 216 Spanish parents of infants aged 0–6 months to determine psychometric properties (construct validity and internal consistency). The factor analysis explained 65.12% of variance with three factors (Promoting infant autonomy and development; Infant’s health; Parents’ fear to apply BLW), and internal consistency was α = 0.67. The mean score of the PaPerc-BLW questionnaire for the total sample was 4.14 (DS = 0.64, 95% CI = 4.06–4.23). Significant differences were found in the parents’ perception of baby-led weaning feeding method based on variables as previous children (p ≤ 0.001). Otherwise, the sample included in the study could bias the results, since 98.6% indicated that they were familiar with the BLW method and 62% had previous experience Despite this limitation, the PaPerc-BLW questionnaire offers adequate validity for evaluating parents’ perception of the baby-led weaning method.
Semantic Segmentation of Sentinel-2 Imagery for Mapping Irrigation Center Pivots
Authors: Graf Lukas , Bach Heike , Tiede Dirk
Published: December 2020

Estimating the number and size of irrigation center pivot systems (CPS) from remotely sensed data, using artificial intelligence (AI), is a potential information source for assessing agricultural water use. In this study, we identified two technical challenges in the neural-network-based classification: Firstly, an effective reduction of the feature space of the remote sensing data to shorten training times and increase classification accuracy is required. Secondly, the geographical transferability of the AI algorithms is a pressing issue if AI is to replace human mapping efforts one day. Therefore, we trained the semantic image segmentation algorithm U-NET on four spectral channels (U-NET SPECS) and the first three principal components (U-NET principal component analysis (PCA)) of ESA/Copernicus Sentinel-2 images on a study area in Texas, USA, and assessed the geographic transferability of the trained models to two other sites: the Duero basin, in Spain, and South Africa. U-NET SPECS outperformed U-NET PCA at all three study areas, with the highest f1-score at Texas (0.87, U-NET PCA: 0.83), and a value of 0.68 (U-NET PCA: 0.43) in South Africa. At the Duero, both models showed poor classification accuracy (f1-score U-NET PCA: 0.08; U-NET SPECS: 0.16) and segmentation quality, which was particularly evident in the incomplete representation of the center pivot geometries. In South Africa and at the Duero site, a high rate of false positive and false negative was observed, which made the model less useful, especially at the Duero test site. Thus, geographical invariance is not an inherent model property and seems to be mainly driven by the complexity of land-use pattern. We do not consider PCA a suited spectral dimensionality reduction measure in this. However, shorter training times and a more stable training process indicate promising prospects for reducing computational burdens. We therefore conclude that effective dimensionality reduction and geographic transferability are important prospects for further research towards the operational usage of deep learning algorithms, not only regarding the mapping of CPS.
Influence of the Economic Efficiency of Built-Up Land (EEBL) on Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA)
Authors: Shen Zhicheng , Xu Xinliang
Published: December 2020

Currently, an urban agglomeration is a trend in global urbanization. With the continuous development of urban agglomerations, Chinese urban agglomerations have entered an era of high-quality development. Improving the economic efficiency of built-up land (EEBL) and maintaining a good ecological environment are important for promoting the high-quality development of urban agglomerations. Urban heat islands (UHIs) are one of the major ecological environmental problems affecting urban agglomerations. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate the influence of the EEBL on UHIs in urban agglomerations. Based on the land-use data, MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data and gross domestic product (GDP) in the secondary and tertiary industries from 2000 to 2018, and electric power consumption data in 2018, this paper analyzed the influence of the EEBL on the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA). The results showed that most of cites in the YRDUA experienced rapid EEBL growth and a significant increase in heat island intensity from 2000 to 2018. There has been a significant positive correlation between the EEBL and the SUHII over the years, among which the EEBL had the strongest correlation (R = 0.76, p < 0.01) with the SUHII in 2000. Moreover, among the 27 cities in the YRDUA, 21 cities showed a significant uptrend of the SUHII with rising EEBL and the uptrend was significantly and negatively correlated with the electric power utilization efficiency (EPUE) of the secondary and tertiary industries (R = −0.6, p < 0.01). These results indicated that the EEBL of the secondary and tertiary industries had a significant influence on UHIs, which also reflected the significant influence of anthropogenic heat on UHIs to a certain extent. The findings of this paper can provide a scientific basis for mitigating the UHIs caused by the rapid economic development and promoting the high-quality development of urban agglomerations.
Breath Acetone Measurement-Based Prediction of Exercise-Induced Energy and Substrate Expenditure
Authors: Kim Min Jae , Hong Sung Hyun , Cho Wonhee , Park Dong-Hyuk , Lee Eun-Byeol , Song Yoonkyung , Choe Yong-Sahm , Lee Jun Ho , Jang Yeonji , Lee Wooyoung , Jeon Justin Y.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of our study was to validate a newly developed breath acetone (BrAce) analyzer, and to explore if BrAce could predict aerobic exercise-related substrate use. Six healthy men ran on a treadmill at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) for 1 h after two days of a low-carbohydrate diet. BrAce and blood ketone (acetoacetate (ACAC), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB)) levels were measured at baseline and at different time points of post-exercise. BrAce values were validated against blood ketones and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Our results showed that BrAce was moderately correlated with BOHB (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), ACAC (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and blood ketone (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), suggesting that BrAce reflect blood ketone levels, which increase when fat is oxidized. Furthermore, BrAce also negatively correlated with RER (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). In our multiple regression analyses, we found that when BMI and VO2max were added to the prediction model in addition to BrAce, R2 values increased up to 0.972 at rest and 0.917 at 1 h after exercise. In conclusion, BrAce level measurements of our BrAce analyzer reflect blood ketone levels and the device could potentially predict fat oxidation.
Polarization-Insensitive Waveguide Schottky Photodetectors Based on Mode Hybridization Effects in Asymmetric Plasmonic Waveguides
Authors: Li Qian , Tu Junjie , Tian Yang , Zhao Yanli
Published: December 2020

Two types of configurations are theoretically proposed to achieve high responsivity polarization-insensitive waveguide Schottky photodetectors, i.e., a dual-layer structure for 1.55 µm and a single-layer structure for 2 µm wavelength band. Mode hybridization effects between quasi-TM modes and sab1 modes in plasmonic waveguides are first presented and further investigated under diverse metal types with different thicknesses in this work. By utilizing the mode hybridization effects between quasi-TE mode and aab0 mode, and also quasi-TM and sab1 mode in our proposed hybrid plasmonic waveguide, light absorption enhancement can be achieved under both TE and TM incidence within ultrathin and short metal stripes, thus resulting in a considerable responsivity for Si-based sub-bandgap photodetection. For 1.55 µm wavelength, the Au-6 nm-thick device can achieve absorptance of 99.6%/87.6% and responsivity of 138 mA·W−1/121.2 mA·W−1 under TE/TM incidence. Meanwhile, the Au-5 nm-thick device can achieve absorptance of 98.4%/90.2% and responsivity of 89 mA·W−1/81.7 mA·W−1 under TE/TM incidence in 2 µm wavelength band. The ultra-compact polarization-insensitive waveguide Schottky photodetectors may have promising applications in large scale all-Si photonic integrated circuits for high-speed optical communication.
Deep Learning-Based Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method for Embedded Systems
Authors: Pham Minh Tuan , Kim Jong-Myon , Kim Cheol Hong
Published: December 2020

Bearing elements are vital in induction motors; therefore, early fault detection of rolling-element bearings is essential in machine health monitoring. With the advantage of fault feature representation techniques of time–frequency domain for nonstationary signals and the advent of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), bearing fault diagnosis has achieved high accuracy, even at variable rotational speeds. However, the required computation and memory resources of CNN-based fault diagnosis methods render it difficult to be compatible with embedded systems, which are essential in real industrial platforms because of their portability and low costs. This paper proposes a novel approach for establishing a CNN-based process for bearing fault diagnosis on embedded devices using acoustic emission signals, which reduces the computation costs significantly in classifying the bearing faults. A light state-of-the-art CNN model, MobileNet-v2, is established via pruning to optimize the required system resources. The input image size, which significantly affects the consumption of system resources, is decreased by our proposed signal representation method based on the constant-Q nonstationary Gabor transform and signal decomposition adopting ensemble empirical mode decomposition with a CNN-based method for selecting intrinsic mode functions. According to our experimental results, our proposed method can provide the accuracy for bearing faults classification by up to 99.58% with less computation overhead compared to previous deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods.
Determinants of Overfunding in Equity Crowdfunding: An Empirical Study in the UK and Spain
Authors: Martínez-Gómez Cristina , Jiménez-Jiménez Francisca , Alba-Fernández M. Virtudes
Published: December 2020

Crowdfunding constitutes one of the financial solutions to achieve the sustainable development goals, by fostering innovation and economic growth. This paper conducts an empirical two-country analysis (the UK and Spain) of characteristics of successful offerings to assess the distribution of overfunding in equity crowdfunding. Unlike previous research, which has usually comprised campaigns posted on single-country portals, our study is based on an international leading platform operating with country-differentiated websites, Crowdcube. Such an approach allows us to identify influential factors which are dependent on country and, simultaneously, to control for those platform-related factors. To focus on the overfunding distribution, a quantile regression methodology is adopted for a total sample of 299 overfunded campaigns from 2015 to 2018. Overall, empirical results show that the effects of key campaign features (equity, voting rights and social capital) are stronger and more significant at the 75th and 90th quantiles for the overfunding level and the number of investors. Furthermore, we find significant differences across countries, which persist along the distributions of overfunding. Yet, interestingly, between-country differences in overfunding level vanish for the technological sector. Our research provides further insights into the relation between equity crowdfunding and sustainable finance.
Eco-Design of Airport Buildings and Customer Responses and Behaviors: Uncovering the Role of Biospheric Value, Reputation, and Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Han Heesup , Quan Wei , Lho Linda Heejung , Yu Jongsik
Published: December 2020

This research was an empirical effort to uncover the influence of eco-design of airport buildings on customer approach responses and behaviors. A survey methodology with empirical data analysis was used to attain the research purpose. Our findings revealed that eco-design contributes to enhancing airport reputation and airport customers’ subjective well-being. In addition, eco-design, reputation, and well-being directly/indirectly increase customer approach intentions. Our result also indicated that the association between eco-design and airport reputation is under the significant influence of biospheric value. Moreover, airport reputation and subjective well-being mediated the effect of eco-design on intentions. The comparative importance of airport reputation in determining approach intentions was identified. Overall, the proposed theoretical framework satisfactorily accounted for approach intentions. Given the lack of knowledge about eco-design in the airport literature, this research help boosts airport researchers’ and practitioners’ understanding of the role of eco-design and its criticality in explicating approach formation and behaviors.
Mediating Role of Knowledge Management in the Relationship between Organizational Learning and Sustainable Organizational Performance
Authors: Kordab Mirna , Raudeliūnienė Jurgita , Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė Ieva
Published: December 2020

Organizations operating in the intensive knowledge-based sector seek efficient management approaches and sustainable development practices to perform efficiently in the dynamic business environment. Knowledge management practice and organizational learning are significant factors in order to achieve sustainable organizational performance in a rapidly changing business environment. Based on the scientific literature analysis, there is still a lack of evidence related to the mediating role of the whole knowledge management cycle, including the five knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, creation, storage, sharing, and application) in the relationship between organizational learning and sustainable organizational performance for organizations operating in intensive knowledge-based sectors. This study aimed to examine the impact of the whole knowledge management cycle on the relationship between organizational learning and sustainable organizational performance in intensive knowledge-based sectors, specifically the audit and consulting companies in the Middle East region. Systematic scientific literature analysis, expert evaluation (structured questionnaire), and structural equation modeling (SEM) technique were used to develop and verify the research model. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed among auditing experts working in a knowledge-based sector—audit and consulting companies in the Middle East region. The research results supported the hypotheses stating that organizational learning positively affects knowledge acquisition, storage, sharing, application processes, and sustainable organizational performance. However, the results verified that organizational learning has an insignificant impact on the Middle Eastern audit and consulting companies’ knowledge creation process.
The Relationship between Land Cover and Sociodemographic Factors
Authors: Mendoza Daniel L.
Published: December 2020

Multiple social and environmental justice concerns are linked to the urban form such as the distribution of socioeconomic class populations, healthcare spending, air pollution exposure, and human mobility. Because of this, the implications of the relationships between built urban form, sociodemographic factors, and air quality warrant analysis at a high spatial resolution. This study used 1m resolved LiDAR data to characterize land use in Salt Lake County, Utah, and associate it with sociodemographic and air quality data at the census block group and zip code levels. We found that increasing tree cover was associated with higher per capita income and lower minority populations while increasing built cover was linked to lower per capita income and higher minority populations. Air quality showed less strong correlations, however, decreased non-irrigated cover, increased built cover, and higher amounts of households living under poverty were related to higher long-term PM2.5 exposure. Due to regional air pollution concerns, several policy efforts have been undertaken to improve air quality and reduce negative health outcomes in Utah which are being informed by regulatory and research-grade air quality sensors.
Long-Term Changes of Morphodynamics on Little Ice Age Lateral Moraines and the Resulting Sediment Transfer into Mountain Streams in the Upper Kauner Valley, Austria
Authors: Altmann Moritz , Piermattei Livia , Haas Florian , Heckmann Tobias , Fleischer Fabian , Rom Jakob , Betz-Nutz Sarah , Knoflach Bettina , Müller Svenja , Ramskogler Katharina , Pfeiffer Madlene , Hofmeister Florentin , Ressl Camillo , Becht Michael
Published: December 2020

Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), formerly glaciated areas have undergone considerable changes in their morphodynamics due to external forces and system-internal dynamics. Using multi-temporal high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from different remote sensing techniques such as historical digital aerial images and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and the resulting DEMs of difference (DoD), spatial erosion and accumulation patterns can be analyzed in proglacial areas over several decades. In this study, several morphological sediment budgets of different test sites on lateral moraines and different long-term periods were determined, covering a total period of 49 years. The test sites show high ongoing morphodynamics, and therefore low vegetation development. A decrease as well as an increase of the mean annual erosion volume could be demonstrated at the different test sites. All test sites show a slope–channel coupling and a decrease in the efficiency of sediment transport from slopes to channels. These developments are generally subject to conditions of increasing temperature, decreasing short-term precipitation patterns and increasing runoff from adjacent mountain streams. Finally, the study shows that sediment is still available on the investigated test sites and the paraglacial adjustment process is still in progress even after several decades of deglaciation (~133 years).
Energy Management System Design for Good Delivery Electric Trike Equipped with Different Powertrain Configurations
Authors: Reksowardojo Iman K. , Arya Rafi R. , Budiman Bentang A. , Islameka Metha , Santosa Sigit P. , Sambegoro Poetro L. , Aziz Abdul R. A. , Abidin Ezrann Z. Z.
Published: December 2020

This paper demonstrates the design of an electric trike’s energy management system for a goods delivery service via various possible component configurations. A model of the energy management system was first developed based on general engineering vehicles’ equations using Matlab software. Various component configurations, such as the usage of two battery types (lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA)), implementation of three braking strategies (full mechanical, parallel, and series strategies), the presence of a range extender (RE), and various masses of range extenders were simulated by using the model. The driving cycle of the e-trike as input data in the simulation was obtained by driving the vehicle around Bandung City. Speed, distance, and elevation were obtained by using GPS-based software. The simulation results showed that the most efficient and effective component configuration was to use the serial regenerative braking strategy with no RE equipped. This configuration achieved an efficiency of 18.07 km/kWh. However, for a longer route, the usage of a 20-kg RE was required to prevent the state of charge drop below 30%. The NCA with serial regenerative braking and 20-kg RE had an efficiency of 17.47 km/kWh for the complete route.
QUALITY INDICATORS OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES IN ECOLOGICAL VARIETY TRIALS
Authors:   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Podgorny S.V. , Skripka O.V. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Samofalov A.P. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Gromova S.N. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Kravchenko N.S. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”
Published: December 2020

Improving the quality of wheat grain is an important task of agricultural production. In recent years, the production of strong and valuable wheat, necessary for the production of high-quality baking flour, has decreased. In this regard, the study of the quality of grain varieties of winter wheat in specific soil and climatic conditions of the Rostov region is becoming topical. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the main indicators of grain quality of varieties of soft winter wheat (protein and gluten content, flour strength, bread size from 100 g of flour) in ecological variety trials to select the best under conditions of the Rostov region. The studies were carried out on the trial fields of the Laboratory of selection and seed production of winter soft wheat of intensive type of the State Scientific Establishment “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»” (Rostov region) in 2014–2016. Seventy-five varieties were studied in the course of the research. Planting dates – optimal for implementation of agricultural and agro-technical measures. Planter – «Wintersteiger Plotseed S.» Seed placement depth – 4–6 cm. Preceding crop – black fallow. Accounting square of fields – 10 m2, double replication. Seeding rate – 4.5 million seeds per hectare. Grain quality was assessed according to the methods of the national standards of the Russian Federation. Such grain quality indicators as gluten content (according to GOST R 54478-2011), protein mass fraction (as required by GOST 108460-91), baking properties of flour (in a laboratory using the remix method) were determined. The article discusses the main indicators of the quality of grain and flour of winter soft wheat varieties in ecological variety testing and compares them. Analysis of the main indicators of the quality of varieties in trials showed that in the south of the Rostov region in 2014–2016 flour strength and gluten content were the most variable indicators. In terms of protein content (> 14.5 %), 8.0 % of the studied varieties were in full compliance with strong wheat standards; by the gluten content (> 28 %) – 7.0 %; by the flour strength (>280 e.a.) – 9.0 %. Five varieties of winter soft wheat: ‘Aksinya’, ‘Tanais’, ‘Asket’, ‘Nakhodka’, ‘Yumpa’ (Russia) with a complex of economically valuable traits are of greater interest for practical breeding in terms of improving grain quality.
EVALUATION OF WILD-GROWING FORMS OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS WHEN USING IN BREEDING
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Derevyannikova M.V. , Chumakova V.V. ,   North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Chumakov V.F. ,   North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre
Published: December 2020

The practice of using wild-growing material in the breeding of forage crops has long been recognized as a relevant and effective method for creating new varieties. The purpose of the research was to assess wild-growing samples of the crested wheatgrass and isolate genetic sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the Stavropol Territory. The research was carried out in 2017–2020. The material of the study – 22 wild specimens of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron pectiniforme Roem. et Shult.) of various ecological and geographical origin. The crested wheatgrass variety ‘Vikrav’ served as the standard. During the years of study, meteorological conditions were extremely dry. The assessment of the samples was carried out according to the guidelines for the selection of perennial cereal grasses. The experiment was laid on bare fallow, plot area – 3 m2. Sowing and maintenance work were carried out manually. On average, for three years (2018–2020), the yield of green mass of the studied samples ranged from 0.15 to 0.94 kg/m2; dry – from 0.07 to 0.38 kg/m2; seeds – from 0.015 to 0.070 kg/m2. Samples from Ukraine (d.d. 28, 30), Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 34 and 37) were more productive in terms of fodder weight. In terms of seed productivity, in the first year, wild samples from Aktobe (d. 5) and Chelyabinsk regions (d. 31), from Ukraine (d. 25) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 34 and 37) were distinguished. In the second year of herbage use – from the Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 35 and 37). In the third year of use, no significant excess over the standard was found. On average, over three years of use, wild specimens d. 31, d. 34, and d. 37 exceeded the standard in seed yield by 0.020-0.033 kg/m2. Wild specimens from the Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d. 34) were isolated according to the complex of valuable characteristics for use in breeding in the Stavropol Territory.
INFLUENCE OF STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. ON MICROBIOCENOSIS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF WINTER WHEAT OF CHERNOZEM SOUTHERN
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Egovtseva A. Yu. , Melnichuk T.N. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Abdurashitov S.F. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Andronov E.E. ,   ARRIAM, Abdurashitova E.R. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Radchenko A.F. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Ganotskaya T.L. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Radchenko L.A. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: December 2020

Pre-sowing inoculation with strains of associative bacteria is one of the promising methods for increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. These microorganisms are able to stimulate the growth processes of plants, improve their mineral nutrition, increase phytoimmunity and resistance to adverse factors. The aim of the research is to study the influence of strains with a high associative potential to Triticum aestivum L. on the microbiocenosis in the rhizosphere of soft wheat of several varieties grown on chernozem southern. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 using three varieties – ‘Ermak’, ‘Bagheera’, ‘Lydia’. The experiments were laid on plots (accounting area – 25 m2) in systematic design, replicated four times. The climate of the study area is characterized as arid (steppe). Inoculation was carried out before wheat seeds sowing; option without treatment served as a control. Sampling was carried out in the most active phase – flowering (in May 2019 and 2020). In the course of the research, we found that changes in the number of microorganisms of various ecological-trophic groups of chernozem southern in the rhizosphere of wheat occur under the influence of bacterial strains associative to T. aestivum. Wheat variety ‘Bagheera’ was found to be the most responsive to seed bacterization; the average yield increase over two years of research was in the range of 0.2-0.4 t/ha or 5-10%. Calculation of coefficients and indices indicating the direction of mineralization processes in the soil made it possible to establish that inoculation promotes their activation. The results of the correlation analysis based on two-year data obtained after studying three varieties of winter wheat showed that the number of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter has the greatest influence on the yield – the correlation index is 0.81 at p <0.05.
‘YUBILYARKA’ – NEW VARIETY OF WINTER DURUM WHEAT
Authors:   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Ilichkina N.P. , Samofalova N.E. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Makarova T.S. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”, Dubinina O.A. ,   SSE “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»”
Published: December 2020

The developed varieties of winter durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) should combine potential productivity with high grain quality and resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a new winter durum wheat variety ‘Yubilyarka’ included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in 2019 as permitted for use in the North Caucasus Region due to its productivity, resistance to stress factors and grain quality. The study of the variety was carried out at the test plot of the State Scientific Establishment “Agricultural research center “Donskoy” in 2013–2019. In the field trials (competitive variety testing), the winter durum wheat variety ‘Yubilyarka’ was sown after green fallow, peas, maize for grain, sunflower. Intraspecific step hybridization with a subsequent individual selection was the main method for creating variety ‘Yubilyarka’. The experimental part of the study was carried out according to the methods of the Commission for the Testing and Protection of Selection Achievements (Gossortcommission) and the methodology of field experiments. In the course of the research, the morphological, biological, and economically valuable traits of the variety ‘Yubilyarka’ were evaluated. During the study in the competitive variety testing, the yield increase, if compared to standard variety ‘Donchanka’, when sown after green fallow, was 0.99 t/ha. The new variety is more heat and drought tolerant (both in the initial phases of plant growth and development and in subsequent periods of active vegetation), is sufficiently winter hardy, and resistant to the main diseases in the region. The quality indicators of grain, groats, and pasta comply with the requirements of GOST RF 9353-2016 and existing standards for durum wheat. The grain vitreousness, on average, was 91 % and more, hectolitre weight – 784 g/l, protein content – 14.29 %, gluten content – 24.7 %, gluten quality (SDS test) – 33 ml, pasta color – 4.1 points. The introduction of the new variety into production will allow improving the gross yield of durum wheat both for the processing industry and for export use.
SYMBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICAGO VARIA MART. DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF NITROGEN NUTRITION
Authors:   Gorsky State Agrarian University, Kozyreva M.Yu. , Basieva L.Zh. ,   Gorsky State Agrarian University, Kozyrev A.Kh. ,   Gorsky State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The issue of the use of mineral forms of nitrogen for legumes is still a source of debate among scientists. Under the environmental conditions of the foothill zone of RNO-Alania, the field experiments were laid to study the activity of the symbiotic system and the productivity of the alfalfa depending on the type of nitrogen nutrition and the presence of a virulent active strain of rhizobia. The research was carried out in 2017– 2019. Soil – chernozems leached. Objects: crops of Medicago varia Mart.; industrial strain of rhizotorphin 425a; inoculum of high-mountain strains of nodule bacteria; starting doses of nitrogen fertilizers. The dimensions of the symbiotic apparatus were studied according to the G.S. Posypanov method. The specific activity of symbiosis was 4.2 to 9.0 mg/kg. The maximum amount of air nitrogen (456.1 kg/ha) for three years of experiments was fixed by the symbiotic system of alfalfa in the variant with pre-sowing seed inoculation with high-mountain strains of nodule bacteria. This indicates their higher activity and competitiveness compared to the industrial strain of rhizotorphin 425a and indigenous strains of rhizobia from the pre-mountain zone of RNO-Alania. Mineral forms of nitrogen significantly inhibited the activity of the symbiotic system. As a result, the amount of fixed nitrogen decreased by 3.5–9.0 %. In the pre-mountain zone, under natural conditions, the growth and development of plants were provided with atmospheric nitrogen by 66 %, the rest of the need for the element (34 %) they satisfied with soil nitrogen. The maximum involvement of molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere in the biological cycle was distinguished by the variant with pre-sowing inoculation of seeds by virulent active strains of rhizobia, in which the share of air nitrogen participation in plant nutrition averaged 71–73 % over the three years of research.
INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE AVAILABILITY ON HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. YIELD IN DRY CONDITIONS OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Kostenkova E.V. , Bushnev A.S. ,   Federal scientific center “All-Russian Research Institute of Oil crops by V. S. Pustovoit” (VNIIMK)
Published: December 2020

The Crimean Peninsula is located in the dry zone. In the steppe Crimea, which is the driest part of the peninsula, the major limiting factor for crop productivity is the natural moisture supply of plants. The purpose of the research was to establish the relationships between hydrometeorological factors (moisture reserves in the soil before sowing, precipitation amount and Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season) and sunflower yield depending on planting dates (I, II, III decade of April) and plant density (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 thousand units per hectare). The studies were carried out on the trial fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (village of Klepinino) in 2017–2019 using hybrid of ultra-early sunflower ‘Avangard’. The laying of field experiments, accounting, analyzes and statistical processing of data were carried out according to the methods of field research and methodology of field agricultural experiments with oil crops. A strong correlation was observed: 1) between yield and precipitation amount in May (r = 0.977) and moisture reserves before sowing (r = 0.978), planting dates – the first decade of April; 2) between precipitation amount in May (r = 0.932) and moisture reserves before sowing (r = 0.977–0.978), sunflower was sown in the second decade of April; 3) moisture before sowing (r = 0.892), crop planted in the third decade of April. A close positive relationship (r = 0.853–0.972) was observed at the optimal plant density for the region (40 thousand units/ha) between the amount of precipitation in April–May, moisture reserves in the soil before sowing and yield of sunflower. This indicates a high value of moisture availability during this period in the crop yield formation. In denser crops (50–70 thousand units/ha), the closest relationship is observed between the yield and the amount of precipitation in May. This makes the latter primary and decisive in the cultivation of crops with such a density since the competition for moisture increases with an increase in the number of plants per unit area. The closest relationship between the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and sunflower yield was observed in April and May (r = 0.833–0.967) when plants grow more intensively and require sufficient moisture.
Female genital mutilation — a blind spot in Dutch general practice? A case–control study
Authors: Kawous Ramin , Kerimova Nigar , van den Muijsenbergh Maria ETC
Published: December 2020

Background

Women with female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) often suffer from physical and psychosexual problems related to FGM/C. As gatekeepers to the medical system, GPs are often the first to be consulted about these problems. It is as yet unknown if, and to what extent, Dutch GPs identify women with FGM/C or related health problems.

Aim

To investigate how often Dutch GPs register FGM/C and related health problems.

Design & setting

A case–control study of anonymised patient records was performed in the Netherlands.

Method

Medical records were checked for information on country of origin. Records of women, aged ≥15 years, from countries where FGM/C is practised were compared with those of a case-control.

Results

Although many migrants were registered with the participating GPs, information on country of origin was seldom recorded. Only 68 out of 16 700 patients were identified as women from countries where FGM/C is practised; 12 out of these 68 records contained information about the FGM/C status, but none on the type of FGM/C. There were no significant differences in health problems related to FGM/C between patients with FGM/C and the controls.

Conclusion

FGM/C may be a blind spot for GPs and registration of information on migration background could be improved. A larger sample in a future study is needed to confirm this finding. Given the growing global migration, awareness and knowledge on FGM/C, and other migration-related health issues should be part of GP training.
The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on the CPK Enzyme in Blood Serum and Some Physical Abilities for Wrestlers during the Competition Period.
Authors: Mohamed Ehab S. , Tammam Amr H.
Published: December 2020

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is a binary enzyme that stimulates reverse phosphorylation to regenerate adenosine triphosphate. Creatine supplementation improves the Phosphagen system by increasing the amount of free creatine and phosphocreatine available to replenish adenosine triphosphate. The aims of this study are to investigate the effects of a creatine supplement on CPK enzyme, muscular endurance, power and agility performance compared to a placebo among wrestlers during the competition in a double-blind and randomized manner. Sixteen Wrestlers participated in the current study. They were divided into two groups; Experimental group (EXP) (n = 8) with creatine supplementation and a control group without creatine supplementation (CON) (n = 8). They were tested before (PRE) and after (POST) 8-week creatine supplementation period for CPK enzyme, muscular endurance [i.e. back-throw skill using the wrestling dummy], power [i.e. skill of the bridge], and agility [i.e. skill of the bridge in 10 sec.]. The results have shown statistically significant effects of the time (i.e. pre- to post-training) for all measured variables (p ≤ 0.05) of EXP group (whereas no significant effects (p ˃ 0.05) of CON group. There were statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) at the POST evaluation of EXP group in comparison with CON group for all study variables.
Wavelength-Tunable Single-Mode Microlasers Based on Photoresponsive Pitch Modulation of Liquid Crystals for Information Encryption
Authors: Xu Fa-Feng , Gong Zhong-Liang , Zhong Yu-Wu , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: December 2020

Information encryption and decryption have attracted particular attention; however, the applications are frequently restricted by limited coding capacity due to the indistinguishable broad photoluminescence band of conventional stimuli-responsive fluorescent materials. Here, we present a concept of confidential information encryption with photoresponsive liquid crystal (LC) lasing materials, which were used to fabricate ordered microlaser arrays through a microtemplate-assisted inkjet printing method. LC microlasers exhibit narrow-bandwidth single-mode emissions, and the wavelength of LC microlasers was reversibly modulated based on the optical isomerization of the chiral dopant in LCs. On this basis, we demonstrate phototunable information authentication on LC microlaser arrays using the wavelength of LC microlasers as primary codes. These results provide enlightenment for the implementation of microlaser-based cryptographic primitives for information encryption and anticounterfeiting applications.
Representing Creation, Experiencing the Sublime: The Longinian Tradition in Tasso and Milton
Authors: Montori Irene
Published: December 2020

This essay aims to demonstrate how Tasso and Milton were conscious of the Longinian tradition and aware of fashioning a poetry of the sublime when rewriting the story of creation. The author of Il mondo creato incorporates the Longinian model of sublime ekstasis into his concept of meraviglia to construct his own poetics of artistic creation. Despite Milton’s indebtedness to Tasso, in Paradise Lost the English poet distances himself from a full commitment to Longinian ekstasis and locates the sublime in a more dialogical, if not dialectical, compositional model of poetic creation. From a broader perspective, this paper aims to illustrate the centrality of the sublime in fashioning early modern literary poetics.
ПРО СТАДІАЛЬНУ ТИПОЛОГІЮ ІНКОРПОРУЮЧИХ МОВ, РОЗРОБЛЕНУ РАННІМ І.І. МЄЩАНІНОВИМ: КОГНІТИВНО-ЕВОЛЮЦІЙНА ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ
Authors: Попов Сергей Леонидович
Published: December 2020

У статті здійснюється когнітивно-еволюційна інтерпретація запропонованої раннім І.І. Мєщаніновим стадіальної типології інкорпоруючих мов. Основою когнітивно-еволюційного підходу є визнання існування когнітивно-еволюційного алгоритму «сприйняття → логічність мислення → логічність мови», де сприйняття може бути: 1) абсолютно правокульовим синкретичим, тобто цілісним, не таким, що дозволяє диференціювати ознаки; 2) значною мірою правокульовим поверхневим, тобто орієнтованим на найближчі, найбільш помітні, «такі, що лежать на поверхні», ознаки; 3) лівопівкульовим альтернативним, тобто орієнтованим на всі наявні ознаки. У статті підтверджується, що когнітивно-еволюційний підхід до стадіальної типології інкорпоруючих мов раннього І.І. Мєщанінова виявляє кореляції ступенів сприйняття з усіма чотирма стадіями, відображеними у цій типології. Перша – з аморфністю всього комплексу – стадія інкорпорування, за якої повністю відсутній будь-який його поділ, включаючи можливість появи хоча б якихось граматичних значень, корелює тільки з синкретизмом сприйняття без будь-яких проявів інших перцептивних ступенів. Друга стадія інкорпорування – зі зміною інкорпорованих комплексів за особою і часом – корелює в основному з синкретизмом і в деякій мірі з поверхневістю сприйняття, яка проявляється у найперших граматичних альтернаціях за суттєвими для дієслівності ознаками часу та особи. Третя стадія інкорпорування – з чітким синтаксичним поділом на два інкорпоруючі комплекси, групи підмета і присудка, але зі збереженням інкорпорації всередині цих груп – корелює з відносно меншою, ніж на попередній стадії, мірою поверховості сприйняття й відносно більшою, ніж на попередній стадії, мірою альтернативності сприйняття. Четверта стадія інкорпорування – з паралельним існуванням інкорпоруючих аналогів словосполучень у складі речень та повноцінних словосполучень при окремій згадці – корелює в малій мірі з синкретизмом і поверховостю сприйняття і значною мірою з альтернативністю сприйняття. Когнітивно-еволюційну обумовленість все більшої диференціації інкорпоруючого ладу на кожній з виділених І.І. Мєщаніновим стадії можна вважати цілком очевидною.
РОЗВИТОК ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ В ОБЛАСТІ ПАТОГРАФІЇ В ХУДОЖНІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ (МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ)
Authors: Нестеренко Ксения Викторовна
Published: December 2020

У статті обґрунтовуються необхідність і перспективи інтегрованого підходу до вивчення і аналізу літературного твору. Зокрема, аналізується можливість використання методів патографії як частини біографії письменника для різнобічного сприйняття і більш глибокого розуміння творів художньої творчості. При створенні художнього тексту певною мірою проявляються особистість, психологічні особливості та стан його автора. З іншого боку, дані патографії, поряд з літературознавчим і текстологічним аналізом, сприяють більш повному та різноплановому сприйняттю твору і формуванню естетичної реакції на нього у читача. Показовим прикладом такого підходу може бути творчість Ф. Достоєвського, твори якого, та й сама особистість письменника викликали і продовжують викликати інтерес не тільки літературознавців, а й психологів, психіатрів, а також кримінальних антропологів. При тому, що наукова картина світу, яка формується психологами і психіатрами, може не збігатися з художньою картиною світу твору, їх симбіоз може мати значний вплив на процес читацького сприйняття поряд з іншими важливими факторами. У статті представлений огляд існуючих досліджень зазначеного напрямку в їхньому розвитку, у тому числі щодо творчості окремих письменників, зокрема, Ф. Достоєвського, і виділені перспективи напрямку, як для літературознавства, так і для психології, антропології, психіатрії. І якщо існує кількість наукових досліджень класичних літературних творів з боку окремо психопатології і патографії, а також з боку літературознавства і текстології, то інтегрований похід лише починає розвиватися