bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of distal femoral cartilage by B-mode ultrasonography and shear wave elastography in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a preliminary study
Authors: Yokuş Adem , Toprak Murat , Arslan Harun , Toprak Nurşen , Akdeniz Hüseyin , Gündüz Ali Mahir
Published: June 2020

Background

Degenerative change in articular cartilage is one of the most important factors in the development of osteoarthritis. Shear wave elastography can be used to identify pathologic cartilage.

Purpose

To evaluate distal femoral cartilage by shear wave elastography in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Material and methods

Twenty patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (study group) and 20 volunteers with the same demographic characteristics but without symptomatic knee pain (control group) were included in the study. A total of 80 knee joints of 40 individuals were evaluated. At the medial, intercondylar, and lateral condylar levels distal femoral cartilage thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasonography and stiffness was measured by shear wave elastography.

Results

The medial, intercondylar, and lateral cartilage thickness measurements were similar between the two groups and no statistically significant difference was observed ( P = 0.711, P = 0.766, and P = 0.575, respectively). The shear wave velocity values in the medial and intercondylar cartilage were significantly higher in the study group ( P = 0.002). Shear wave velocity values measured from lateral cartilage were higher in the study group and the difference between the groups had a borderline statistical significance ( P = 0.053).

Conclusion

Shear wave elastography seems to be a reliable, non-invasive, and acceptable method for the assessment of pathologic cartilage.
Examining child mealtime behavior as parents are coached to implement the Mealtime PREP intervention in the home: Findings from a pilot study
Authors: Caldwell Angela R , Skidmore Elizabeth R , Bendixen Roxanna M , Terhorst Lauren
Published: June 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to examine parental use of evidence-based mealtime strategies, child mealtime behavior, and parental identification of mealtime problems over time as parents were coached to implement the Promoting Routines of Exploration and Play during Mealtime intervention as part of a pilot study.

Method

This repeated measures study included data collection during three phases: (a) pre-intervention; (b) intervention; (c) post-intervention. Primary outcome measures included a parental strategy use checklist (parental strategy use) and the Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment (problematic child behavior and parental identification of mealtime problems). Linear mixed models were fitted to assess change over time.

Results

We observed significant improvements in parental strategy use ( p < .001), child mealtime behavior ( p < .001), and parental perception of mealtime problems ( p = .002) over time.

Conclusions

The results of these analyses signal that empowering parents to integrate evidence-based strategies into child mealtimes is a promising approach to managing child mealtime behavior. More research is needed to determine the true relationship between parental strategy use and child behavior over time.
Breast MRI Does Not Help Differentiating Radial Scar With and Without Associated Atypia or Malignancy
Authors: Alsharif Shaza , Aldis Ann , Subahi Ahmad , Khoury Mona El , Mesurolle Benoit
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

To review breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of radial scar (RS) with and without associated atypia/malignancy.

Methods:

Twenty-eight (mean age 56.8) patients diagnosed with 30 biopsy-proven RS (n = 25, ultrasound-guided 14-gauge, n = 5, stereotactically guided 9-gauge) subsequently underwent breast MRI followed by surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging protocol included axial T1, axial fat sat T2, and postgadolinium in axial and sagittal planes. Two radiologists reviewed the mammographic and MRI findings in consensus according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon.

Results:

Of the 30 RSs excised surgically, 14 (14/30, 47.7%) were not associated with atypia/malignancy while atypia/malignancy was found in 16 (16/30, 53.3%) RSs. Three (3/30, 10%) RS lesions did not enhance on dynamic MR. Mean lesion size on MRI was 1.4 cm (range, 0.5-5 cm). Seventeen (17/30, 56.7%) lesions presented as nonmass enhancement and 9 (9/30, 30%) as masses. Nonmass lesions showed focal distribution (13/17, 76.5%) and heterogeneous enhancement (15/17, 88.2%). Masses showed irregular shape and margins (6/9, 67%) and heterogeneous enhancement (8/9, 89%). Multivariate analysis did not show any significant difference in MRI presentation between RS only and RS associated with atypia/malignancy.

Conclusion:

Breast MRI does not help differentiate between RS with or without associated atypia/malignancy.
Safer Sex Self-Efficacy Among Women With Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Porter Shy C. , Mittal Mona
Published: June 2020

Women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors that increase the likelihood of adverse sexual health outcomes, including HIV acquisition. This study explored key predictors of safer sex self-efficacy in a sample of racially/ethnically diverse abused women. A total of 173 women were recruited from domestic violence agencies and completed a battery of measures that assessed risk factors associated with HIV risk. Both individual- and relationship-level predictors of safer sex self-efficacy were examined, including IPV, partner dependence, HIV knowledge, condom attitudes, self-esteem, and alcohol use. Hierarchical linear regression analysis results indicated several key predictors for safer sex self-efficacy, including IPV ( B = −0.01, p < .05), partner dependence ( B = −0.45, p < .001), condom attitudes ( B = 0.63, p < .001), and alcohol use ( B = − 0.24, p < .05). It is evident that a number of individual- and relationship-level factors affect the degree of safer sex self-efficacy among abused women. In work with this population, researchers and clinicians should intentionally attend to the identified predictors to most effectively address the needs of these women.
Exploring the Impact of Informal Rape Myth Education in a Nonstudent Sample
Authors: Reddy Leah N. , Campbell Christopher M. , Morczek Amber L.
Published: June 2020

Sexual assault has come to the forefront in terms of prevention and education for many social institutions such as college campuses. However, with a growing body of research highlighting the importance and effectiveness of interventions, research examining the impact of sexual assault education (SAE) on altering rape myth acceptance (RMA) among nonstudent populations is severely lacking. This is particularly problematic when considering that the issue of sexual assault extends well beyond academia in the United States. Accordingly, this study aims to fill this gap by employing an experimental design with repeated measures. Using a sample of 137 nonstudents surveyed via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, participants were randomly assigned to a treatment (rape myth intervention) or control (unrelated video content) group. To detect changes in RMA after a short rape myth education intervention, pretest and posttest RMA scores were generated for all participants using an altered version of the Updated Illinois Rape Myth Adherence scale. The treatment video was roughly 10 min in length and constructed by the lead author for the current research. All participants were presented with common rape myths, and then, the treatment group was provided with information (e.g., available research and statistics) to “debunk” these myths, and ultimately decrease acceptance of myths. Analyses indicate support for a significant change in RMA scores from pretest to posttest in the treatment group, finding support for the use of informal rape myth education in altering immediate RMA scores of a nonstudent sample. The RMA difference scores were also examined through a demographic lens to determine if the inclusion could further explain score changes. Demographics were not deemed significant predictors. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Effects of an Individualized Active Aging Counseling Intervention on Mobility and Physical Activity: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Siltanen Sini , Portegijs Erja , Pynnönen Katja , Hassandra Mary , Rantalainen Timo , Karavirta Laura , Saajanaho Milla J. , Rantanen Taina
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report preplanned secondary analyses of the effects of a 12-month individualized active aging counseling intervention on six mobility and physical activity outcomes. Methods: A two-arm, single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted among 75- and 80-year-old community-dwelling people. The intervention group (IG, n = 101) received counseling aimed at increasing self-selected, primarily out-of-home activity. The control group (CG, n = 103) received general health information. Data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations. Results: Physical performance improved in the IG more than that in the CG (group by time p = .022), self-reported physical activity increased in both groups (time p = .012), and autonomy in outdoor mobility declined in the IG and was enhanced in the CG (group by time p = .011). No change was observed for life-space mobility, proportion of persons perceiving difficulty walking 2 km, or monitored physical activity. Discussion: Individualized counseling aiming at increasing self-selected out-of-home activity had nonsystematic effects on mobility and positively affected physical performance only.
Possible Selves in a Transforming Economy: Upwardly Mobile Working-Class Masculinities, Service Work and Negotiated Aspirations in Australia
Authors: Stahl Garth , McDonald Sarah , Young John
Published: June 2020

The relationship between working-class masculinities and industrial (and post-industrial) employment has been of sustained interest to sociologists for the last 40 years. This article draws on recent research examining the experiences of upwardly mobile working-class young men navigating casual employment within an urban part of Australia adapting to post-industrialisation. In presenting three longitudinal case studies, the theoretical frameworks of selfhood, possible selves and imagined futures are used to understand how service sector employment contributes to the development of aspirations during the transition beyond compulsory schooling. The focus is on how service employment informed the young men’s lives, aspirations and their sense of self. An argument is presented which articulates how, to varying extents, this service work is where the participants both accrue value and become valued.
Machinability investigation and sustainability analysis of minimum quantity lubrication–assisted micro-milling process
Authors: Yang Xueming , Cheng Xiang , Li Yang , Zheng Guangming , Xu Rufeng
Published: June 2020

Machining conditions such as cutting fluids exert a crucial function in micro-milling, which removes chips from the cutting area and lubricates the interface between the tool and workpiece. Therefore, it is necessary to identify suitable cutting fluids for processing different materials. In this article, the effects of cutting fluids (dry, flood cooling, minimum quantity lubrication, and jet cold air) on tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting force were studied. The Pugh matrix environmental approach was used to compare different cutting fluids in terms of sustainable production. In addition, a curved thin wall was processed to demonstrate the value of minimum quantity lubrication in industry. The experimental results illustrated that the minimum quantity lubrication can not only effectively reduce tool wear and cutting force but also improve the finished surface quality. According to the sustainability assessment results, minimum quantity lubrication was superior to other cutting fluids in terms of environmental impact and production quality. The curved thin wall size error was only 2.25% under minimum quantity lubrication condition. This indicated minimum quantity lubrication was particularly suitable for micro-milling of H59 brass and 6061 aluminum compared to other cutting fluids.
Master cylinder pressure reduction logic for cooperative work between electro-hydraulic brake system and anti-lock braking system based on speed servo system
Authors: Xiong Lu , Han Wei , Yu Zhuoping , Lin Jian , Xu Songyun
Published: June 2020

As one feasible solution of brake-by-wire systems, electro-hydraulic brake system has been made available into production recently. Electro-hydraulic brake system must work cooperatively with the hydraulic control unit of anti-lock braking system. Due to the mechanical configuration involving electric motor + reduction gear, the electro-hydraulic brake system could be stiffer in contrast to a conventional vacuum booster. That is to say, higher pressure peaks and pressure oscillation could occur during an active anti-lock braking system control. Actually, however, electro-hydraulic brake system and anti-lock braking system are produced by different suppliers considering brake systems already in production. Limited signals and operations of anti-lock braking system could be provided to the supplier of electro-hydraulic brake system. In this work, a master cylinder pressure reduction logic is designed based on speed servo system for active pressure modulation of electro-hydraulic brake system under the anti-lock braking system–triggered situation. The pressure reduction logic comprises of model-based friction compensation, feedforward and double closed-loop feedback control. The pressure closed-loop is designed as the outer loop, and the motor rotation speed closed-loop is drawn into the inner loop of feedback control. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated by vehicle experiment in typical braking situations. The results show that the controller remains stable against parameter uncertainties in extreme condition such as low temperature and mismatch of friction model. In contrast to the previous methods, the comparison results display the improved dynamic cooperative performance of electro-hydraulic brake system and anti-lock braking system and robustness.
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis among women with genitourinary infection and pregnancy-related complications in Tehran: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rajabpour Mohammadreza , Emamie Amir Darb , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Goodarzi Narjes Noori , Asbagh Firouzeh Akbari , Whiley David M
Published: June 2020

The present study investigates the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among women with genitourinary infection and pregnancy-related complications in Tehran. It also evaluates the demographic information, symptoms, and sequelae. Endocervical samples were obtained over a period of eight months from 360 women including 180 symptomatic patients and 180 patients with pregnancy-related complications and infertility. CT, NG, and TV were detected in 10.8%, 6.9%, and 8.3% of all patients, respectively. The prevalence of CT, NG, and TV among women in the symptomatic group was 11.1%, 7.2%, and 13.3%, respectively, and among women with pregnancy-related complications and infertility was 10.6%, 6.7%, and 3.3%, respectively. Associations between chlamydia and ectopic pregnancy ( p =  0.001), and infertility ( p <  0.001) were observed. Abortion ( p =  0.008), infertility ( p =  0.005), and ectopic pregnancy ( p <  0.001) were associated with gonorrhea. Abnormal vaginal discharge ( p =  0.02) and vulvar itching ( p =  0.02) were associated with trichomoniasis. Overall, the prevalence rates of CT, NG, and TV were high in these patient groups. These high prevalences suggest that screening programs are required to reduce the burden of these sexually transmitted infections and their effects on genitourinary symptoms, pregnancy-related complications, and infertility.
Sustained effects of a brief and standardised acupuncture approach on menopausal symptoms: post hoc analysis of the ACOM randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lund Kamma Sundgaard , Siersma Volkert , Bang Christine Winther , Brodersen John , Waldorff Frans Boch
Published: June 2020

Background

Our objective was to investigate whether the effect of a brief and standardised acupuncture approach persists after the end of the acupuncture treatment (post-treatment effect) and whether the anticipation of future acupuncture treatment affects menopausal symptoms (pre-treatment effect).

Method

This study is a post hoc analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial where women with moderate to severe menopausal symptoms were offered weekly acupuncture treatment over five consecutive weeks and randomised (1:1) to an early intervention group that received treatment immediately and a late intervention group with a 6-week delay. The acupuncture style was Western medical, administered at CV3, CV4 and bilateral LR8, SP6 and SP9. Acupuncturists were general practitioners. The effect was evaluated repeatedly during and after the interventions using scales from the validated MenoScores Questionnaire (MSQ) for hot flushes (HF), day and night sweats (DNS), general sweating (GS) and menopausal-specific sleeping problems (MSSP) with a 26-week follow-up period (corresponding to 21 or 15 weeks post-treatment for the early and late intervention groups, respectively). Multivariable linear mixed models were used to analyse the extent and duration of effects.

Results

Seventy participants were included in the study. Four participants dropped out. Furthermore, one participant was excluded from the short- and long-term follow-up analyses after the insertion of a hormonal intrauterine device, and nine participants were excluded from the long-term follow-up analysis due to the initiation of co-interventions. For each of the four outcomes, the effect was sustained up to 21 weeks post-treatment with an effect size that was only slightly diminished. A small, but significant, pre-treatment effect was observed in the HF scale scores. The same trend, although not significant, was observed in the DNS and MSSP scale scores. No serious harms were reported.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the overall effect of a brief and standardised acupuncture treatment on menopause-relevant outcomes was sustained up to 21 weeks post-treatment and that there was a small pre-treatment effect.
Women and checkpoints in Palestine
Authors: Griffiths Mark , Repo Jemima
Published: June 2020

The objective of this article is to bring Palestinian women to the centre of a discussion about the gendered dimensions of Israel’s convoluted permit system and checkpoint security infrastructure. Drawing on fieldwork close to one of the largest checkpoint terminals in the West Bank, Checkpoint 300 between Bethlehem and Jerusalem, the article develops knowledge about checkpoints in three important ways: i) as gendered spaces that regulate women’s mobility differently from that of men; ii) as spaces that produce particular embodied experiences for women; and iii) as security mechanisms that disrupt and regulate relations of care. This knowledge builds towards the main argument of the article: Palestinian women’s lives are profoundly affected by Israel’s imposition of permit systems and checkpoints in terms of highly gendered impositions of (im)mobility, embodied experience and relations of care. The research presented here thus makes two wider contributions to research on security to do with how the checkpoint brings the politics of gender and occupation to the fore, and how security infrastructure connects to the politics of care under military occupation.
Plasma surface modification technique–induced gelatin grafting on bio-originated polyurethane porous matrix: Physicochemical and in vitro study
Authors: Hesari Sahar M , Ghorbani Farimah , Ghorbani Farnaz , Zamanian Ali , Khavandi Alireza
Published: June 2020

In this study, polyurethane (TPU) scaffolds were fabricated using freeze-drying technique and gelatin macromolecules immobilized on the activated surface by oxygen plasma treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs indicated an interconnected porous microstructure with randomly oriented pores. According to the results, the diameter of pores increased after plasma treatment and gelatin grafting. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated that there is no inappropriate interaction between materials during processing; furthermore, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the immobilization of gelatin molecules on the surface of the plasma-treated polymeric scaffolds. Waterdrop contact angle analysis presented that wettability and hydrophilicity of constructs increased after grafting gelatin on the activated surface. Phosphate-buffered saline absorption and hydrolytic biodegradation enhanced after surface modification of the polymeric samples. Cellular behavior demonstrated better adhesion and spreading after grafting gelatin of oxygen plasma-treated constructs. No evidence of toxicity was observed for 7 days. DNA content determined that the number of viable cells increased in TPU-gelatin matrixes after 1 day in contrast with TPU scaffolds. Based on results, oxygen plasma treatment can create an activated surface to graft gelatin macromolecules and achieve optimum physicochemical, mechanical, and biological features for the neo-tissue formation.
The Variability of IPO Issuance: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange
Authors: Mehmood Waqas , Mohd-Rashid Rasidah , Ahmad Abd Halim
Published: June 2020

The present study intends to explore the inducing factors for going public in the emerging market of Pakistan from 2000 to 2018. This study used ordinary least square (OLS), stepwise regression, robust regression and quadratic model to achieve the objectives. The findings revealed that inflation, gross domestic product (GDP) and political stability were positively significant, whereas lending interest rate and underpricing were negatively significant in explaining the number of initial public offerings in Pakistan, as supported by the empirical evidence. Furthermore, the weak macroeconomic factors indicated unfavourable development in the capital market of Pakistan. Concurrently, low confidence for both potential issuers and investors could be seen in fewer IPO activities due to the country’s weak macroeconomic indicators.
Quality of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine tissues
Authors: Dear Jonathan D. , Sykes Jane E. , Bannasch Danika L.
Published: June 2020

Veterinary pathology tissue banks are valuable resources for genetic studies. However, limited data exist as to whether quality DNA can be extracted from these tissues for use in canine genotyping studies. We extracted DNA from 44 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks from dogs; 9 of these dogs had DNA available from whole blood samples that had been banked. We genotyped DNA from 30 of 44 tissue blocks and 9 whole blood samples on the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip; DNA quality was insufficient in 14 of 44 samples from tissue blocks. There was significant correlation between the 260/280 ratio and single-nucleotide variation (SNV) call rate ( p = 0.0276; r2 = 0.162); 23 of 30 samples from FFPE were genotyped with > 65% call rates. Median pairwise identical-by-state (IBS) analysis was 0.99 in 8 pairs of dogs with call rates > 65%. Neither age of tissue block nor specific tissue types were associated with significant differences in DNA concentration, 260/280 ratio, or SNV call rate. DNA extracted from tissue blocks can have variable quality, although comparable levels of homozygosity suggest that extracts from FFPE with call rates > 65% might provide similar results to samples from whole blood when analyzed on the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip.
Long Interviews in Organizational Research: Unleashing the Power of “Show and Tell”
Authors: Crawford Brett , Chiles Todd H. , Elias Sara R. S. T. A.
Published: June 2020

Long interviews represent a powerful method for generating rich qualitative data, yet they are rarely used in organizational research. To address their untapped potential, our paper provides methodological clarity on long interviews and illustrates how they can help researchers do and see more. We reflect in depth on our own experiences using long interviews to produce a theme analysis that illuminates the nature, role, and benefits of long interviews in organizational research. Our key insight is that long interviews are more than simply “speech events”; they offer a unique opportunity to unleash the power of “show and tell,” both by integrating material objects and spaces into the conversation and by making them the locus of interaction. Importantly, such interactions can elicit rich narrative details that inspire conceptual leaps, which, in turn, can lead to the development of impactful theories. We conclude with detailed recommendations for conducting long interviews and engaging in show-and-tell.
Periductal Stromal Tumors and Phyllodes Tumors Represent a Spectrum of Fibroepithelial Lesions: What Is in a Name?
Authors: Wabik Amélie , Van Bockstal Mieke R. , Berlière Martine , Galant Christine
Published: June 2020

Periductal stromal tumors (PSTs) of the breast are considered as a rare subtype of phyllodes tumors. These rare fibroepithelial lesions display a biphasic morphology, characterized by a cellular stroma surrounding benign ducts. Unlike phyllodes tumors, they do not present with a leaflike architecture, rendering a biopsy diagnosis of a PST very challenging. In this report, we compare the histopathological features of a PST with those of a borderline phyllodes tumor. We discuss the differences and similarities between both entities, and we highlight the potential pitfalls of the respective biopsies. Both cases illustrate that PSTs and phyllodes tumors are part of the same spectrum. This biological spectrum implies that “hybrid” lesions do exist, which can be hard to classify.
Patient Characteristics of Possible Responders and Nonresponders to Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Steele John R. , Cunningham Daniel J. , Green Cynthia L. , Risoli Thomas J. , DeOrio James K. , Nunley James A. , Easley Mark E. , Adams Samuel B.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Characteristics of responders, or those who achieve a clinical improvement above the level of a minimal clinically important difference, have not been defined for total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). The purpose of this study was to determine patient characteristics that distinguish possible responders from possible nonresponders after TAA using criteria established for other arthroplasty surgeries.

Methods:

Patients undergoing TAA who were enrolled into a prospective study at a single academic center evaluating patient-reported outcomes were included. Patients were characterized as possible responders if the relative or absolute improvement in their 2-year follow-up Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) function score was at least 50% or 20, respectively, compared with their preoperative score, consistent with Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials and the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI) responder criteria. Patient factors were then associated with possible responder or nonresponder status and a multivariable analysis was performed. A total of 491 patients with complete data and 2-year follow-up were included in this study.

Results:

Multivariable analysis demonstrated that a higher baseline 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36) mental component summary (MCS) score (OR [95% CI], 1.02 [1.01, 1.04]; P = .003), indicating better mental health, was associated with being a possible responder to TAA. The presence of rheumatic disease (OR [95% CI], 0.38 [0.22, 0.67]; P = .001) was a significant predictor of being a possible nonresponder.

Conclusion:

Our data reveal that a higher baseline SF-36 MCS score was associated with increased improvement in SMFA function scores, while rheumatic disease was associated with worse improvement in SMFA function scores after TAA. Patients with rheumatic disease or poor mental health may not achieve as favorable results after TAA and should be counseled appropriately.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Liposuction used to treat deep vascular accesses for hemodialysis
Authors: Florescu Marius C , Plumb Troy J , Westphal Scott , Mullane Ryan , Reilly Debra A
Published: June 2020

Background:

Oftentimes, obese dialysis patients develop a viable dialysis access but the access is too deep for cannulation and needs a superficialization procedure.

Methods:

We present our 14-patient cohort in whom we performed liposuction to superficialize viable but deep vascular accesses. Out of 14 patients, 12 had arteriovenous fistulas and 2 arteriovenous grafts. The primary end points were the ability to superficialize a completely unusable access and to remove the hemodialysis catheter (3patients), or to significantly extend the useful length of a deep access in which only a very short segment was used and to continue to use the access post-surgery without the need to place a dialysis catheter (11 patients).

Results:

The study goal was met in 13 out of 14 patients. In two of three patients, the catheters were removed and their access usable length was 14 and 13 cm, respectively. The accesses could be used immediately after liposuction in all patients in which this applied—11 patients. The usable access length increased from a mean of 5 to 12.7 cm. The access mean depth decreased from 10.8 mm pre-surgery to 7 mm post-surgery and 5.3 mm 4 weeks after surgery. The mean volume of fat removed was 43.8 cc. We had only one surgical complication: bleeding that was readily controlled with manual pressure. All patients were discharged to home the same day. Postoperative pain was mild.

Conclusion:

Liposuction is effective, safe, and seems to be the least invasive technique of superficialization.
Clarifying the concept of avoidable emergency department attendance
Authors: Parkinson Beth , Meacock Rachel , Checkland Katherine , Sutton Matt
Published: June 2020

Emergency department attendances are rising in several countries. Many of the policies aimed at reducing emergency department attendances are based on the assumption that a proportion of current utilization is ‘avoidable’ and therefore could be reduced. In considering how to achieve this aim, it is important to first understand the problem. In this essay, we review the literature on the concept and identification of avoidable emergency department attendances in England. We identified three areas of inconsistency surrounding avoidable emergency department attendances: the terminology, the underlying definition, and the method used to identify avoidable attendances. We offer a more nuanced definition which may better support action to reduce emergency department activity. Recognizing that there are different types of undesirable utilization which vary by underlying causes and potential solutions will aid policy makers in identifying areas where policies targeting reductions in emergency department attendances would best be directed.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of telemedicine education and training of French medical students and residents
Authors: Yaghobian Sarina , Ohannessian Robin , Iampetro Thomas , Riom Isabelle , Salles Nathalie , de Bustos Elisabeth Medeiros , Moulin Thierry , Mathieu-Fritz Alexandre
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Telemedicine is a remote medical practice that is progressively expanding in France. In 2018, regulatory changes authorised telemedicine to become part of daily clinical practice. Telemedicine education and training (ET), however, has not been widespread, despite its integration in the medical curriculum since 2009. The objective of this study was to examine the self-perceived knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) and ET of telemedicine ET from medical students and residents in France.

Methods

A national survey was distributed online (15 December 2018 to 3 March 2019) to approximately 135,000 medical students and residents in medical schools ( n = 38). The survey consisted of a total of 24 binary and Likert-scale questions covering telemedicine ET and KAP.

Results

In total, 3,312 medical students and residents completed the survey. Synchronous video consultation was the most well-known telemedicine activity (86.9%); asynchronous tele-expertise was the least recognised (40.3%). Most respondents (84.8%) stated they were not familiar with telemedicine regulations. The relevance of telemedicine for improving access to care was acknowledged by 82.8% of students and residents; 14% of respondents stated they had previously practised telemedicine during their studies; 14.5% stated they had received telemedicine ET; however, 97.9% stated they were not sufficiently trained.

Discussion

This is the first national scale study on telemedecine ET by medical students and residents, to date. Despite positive attitudes, participants were found to have limited telemedicine ET, knowledge and practices. The demand for telemedicine ET is increasing. Such studies that incorporate the perspectives of medical students and residents may strengthen the implementation of telemedicine ET in the future.
Components, design and effectiveness of digital physical rehabilitation interventions for older people: A systematic review
Authors: Tonga Eda , Srikesavan Cynthia , Williamson Esther , Lamb Sarah E
Published: June 2020

Background

With the rapid advancement in digital technologies, the use of digital health applications is increasing day by day. Although a large number of digital applications have been developed for rehabilitation of older people, there has been no review of the evidence for effectiveness of these interventions.

Methods

The aim of our study was to review the evidence of digital rehabilitation interventions on outcomes including pain, function and quality of life in older people. We focused on digital interventions that are designed to improve and restore physical functioning. We searched six electronic bibliographic databases and included randomised controlled trials. Cochrane risk of bias tool and Cochrane’s Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate the risk of bias and grade the evidence.

Results

Eight trials were included. The short-term effects of digital rehabilitation interventions on physical activity, quality of life, vertigo symptoms and falls are uncertain. Quality of trials was rated as very low to moderate evidence.

Conclusion

More research is needed to estimate effectiveness of these interventions.
Female-to-male to mistress: A layered account of layered performances
Authors: Levine Ethan Czuy
Published: June 2020

Professionals in bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism (BDSM) have received minimal attention in the literature on sex work. Moreover, investigations of performance in sex work have focused overwhelmingly on cisgender women professionals, and tended to emphasize laborer–client encounters within paid sessions while neglecting encounters among colleagues. In this article, I engage in sociological introspection to provide a layered autoethnographic account of dungeon labor. I draw upon 10 months’ experience as a White, Jewish, queer, transmasculine person who enacted a White, sometimes Jewish, queer, cisgender womanhood throughout workplace encounters. Analyses emphasize gendered and sexual normativities, racism and discourses of client “taste,” violence in the workplace, and tensions between dungeon laborers’ professional personas and sense of authenticity.
Posting of workers: Enforcement, compliance, and reform
Authors: Rennuy Nicolas
Published: June 2020

This article analyses the enforcement deficit plaguing the posting of workers. The rule subjecting posted workers to the social security system of their State of origin is enforced almost exclusively, but rather poorly, by that State. Because of its limited incentive and capacity to enforce the requirements for being posted, it often issues posting certificates without adequate verification. These rubber-stamped certificates bind the social security institutions and courts of the State of destination, thus hindering its enforcement machinery. The resulting gap in administrative enforcement enables employers to unilaterally choose the applicable social security legislation, quite possibly depriving their workers of the more generous social security protection of the State of destination while gaining an unfair competitive advantage over undertakings based there. Helpful though they may be, pending reforms of Regulation 883/2004 and Regulation 987/2009 are held back by an incomplete problem definition. Building on rationalist and managerial theories, I argue that the effectiveness of administrative enforcement depends on whether each posting requirement can be monitored by a State that is both willing and capable of doing so. The existing and envisaged allocation of administrative enforcement powers suffers from a misalignment between incentives, capacities and competences to monitor, which can be addressed by heightening incentives, by enhancing capacities, and by transferring competences to the State of destination.
A critique of the discursive landscape: Challenging the invisibility of early childhood educators’ well-being
Authors: Cumming Tamara , Logan Helen , Wong Sandie
Published: June 2020

Children’s well-being has received extensive research attention and has a central role in early childhood policy and curricular guidelines. However, the well-being of early childhood educators has received fragmentary research attention and is unacknowledged in policy and curricular documents. Given the seemingly self-evident links between educators’ well-being and positive experiences and outcomes for children, why is educators’ well-being invisible within the discursive landscape of early childhood education and care? In this article, the authors offer explanations for this invisibility by identifying and critiquing a number of discourses that have shaped, and continue to shape, early childhood education and educators’ positions within it. They use Foucault’s idea of dividing practices to demonstrate how these discourses have formed regimes – and, ultimately, a discursive landscape – that make the issue of educators’ well-being invisible. The authors then begin the work of challenging this discursive landscape by using theoretical resources from Deleuze and Guattari, and Tronto, to argue for placing care, and a logic of ‘and’, at the centre of supports for educators’ well-being. They offer examples and questions to prompt ongoing critique and action.
Swaying citizen support for EU membership: Evidence from a survey experiment of German voters
Authors: Yordanova Nikoleta , Angelova Mariyana , Lehrer Roni , Osnabrügge Moritz , Renes Sander
Published: June 2020

The United Kingdom’s 2016 ‘Brexit’ referendum vote to leave the European Union (EU) raised concerns that other countries would follow suit. This article examines how arguments about EU membership related to economic, cultural, political, and security and peace issues could influence how citizens would vote in EU membership referendums. Our two-wave survey experiment on a random sample of the German population and difference-in-differences analysis revealed that only fears of being outvoted in EU decision-making swayed German voters’ attitudes about EU membership, particularly voters with weaker EU support, little EU knowledge and low levels of political engagement. We therefore conclude that concerns about sovereignty loss can be drivers of Euroscepticism even in a country that has vast influence over EU decisions.
‘Put that in your fucking research’: reflexivity, ethnography and disability sport coaching
Authors: Townsend Robert C , Cushion Christopher J
Published: June 2020

Reflexivity is continually called for as a marker of quality ethnographic research. In this paper we put reflexivity to ‘work’, providing a critical commentary on data generated through ethnographic fieldwork in high-performance disability sport. Drawing on Bourdieu’s reflexive sociology, we situate the ethnographer in the field of disability sport, turning a reflexive lens onto the practices that are associated with occupying the role of coach and researcher simultaneously. We illustrate the centrality of researcher subjectivity – through the reflexive device of ‘crossing fields’ – as a productive resource for examining the social and intellectual unconscious embedded in the process of doing ethnographic research. In so doing, we provide a unique example of how reflexive practice can offer a rigorous, power-conscious reading of an ethnography of high-performance coaching in disability sport.
“This Title Is No Longer Available”: Preserving Television in the Streaming Age
Authors: Kelly JP
Published: June 2020

This article examines several recent changes in the technological composition and market logics of television. It considers what these developments might mean for the medium’s preservational qualities and for our understanding of television history more broadly. By focusing on the growth of streaming, the increasing “datafication” of the TV industry, and the prominence of interfaces and catalogs, I demonstrate that the ephemerality of television is both intensifying and diversifying, creating a number of methodological challenges in the process. These developments are placed in a longer history of critical debates around the preservation of digital media and the prospect of a digital dark age so that we might learn lessons from the past that can be applied to the preservational challenges of the present. The article concludes by proposing a number of practical steps so that future television historians might be better equipped to avoid a “scholarly dark age.”
Maintaining Transmission: DirecTV’s Work-at-home Technical Support, Virtual Surveillance, and the Gendered Domestication of Distributive Labor
Authors: Patterson Eleanor
Published: June 2020

This article draws upon interviews with work-at-home (WAH) agents who did technical support for DirecTV between 2009 and 2016. Satellite television technical support workers comprise an important node in maintaining the flow of television content as it is distributed by corporations, like DirecTV, through complex and often fragile technological conditions. Using interviews, trade press, and online employee forums, I outline the history of DirecTV’s WAH call center work and employment conditions, and its dissolution after the merger with AT&T. This research intervenes to demonstrate the ways in which WAH television technical support work is an ambivalent form of distributive media labor, at once feminine and immaterial, while also creative and essential for television distribution. This article also demonstrates how technical support work is influenced by current precarious and digitally converged working conditions, surveillance tactics, and media conglomerate mergers and structures.
Performance of high-speed hydrodynamic sliding bearings with lubricating oils combining laminar and turbulent flows
Authors: Wang Yingjia , Liu Minshan , Qin Dongchen , Yan Zhenwei
Published: June 2020

High-speed hydrodynamic sliding bearings use lubricating oil that can have laminar and turbulent flow states, yet turbulent states remain relatively unstudied. This study combines theoretical analysis, numerical modeling, and experiments to analyze lubrication fluids in such bearings. It considers Reynolds equations, energy equations, and temperature-viscosity relationships under laminar and turbulent flows. The governing equations are solved by the finite difference method. Two-dimensional distributions of Reynolds number, pressure, and temperature in the bearing film, as well as the lubrication characteristics like bearing capacity and frictional force under working conditions, are analyzed. Single and mixed flow states are compared, which demonstrates the coexistence states of laminar and turbulent flows in an oil film under specific working conditions. Oil film flow distributions differ significantly according to rotational speed and eccentric conditions. Flow changes under high eccentricity are complex. The characteristics of oil films in a single flow state deviate significantly from those in mixed flow. Changes in flow state and heat should not be ignored during analysis of the lubrication performance of high-speed bearings.
Shaping semantic networks with transcranial direct current stimulation
Authors: Perry Lynn K , Lewis Molly L , Lupyan Gary
Published: June 2020

Images depict specific objects (e.g., a specific dog), yet are named with categorical labels (e.g., “dog”). We examined how semantic representations activated by images may be influenced by implicit labelling. Participants saw images of familiar objects and generated words associated with each image while undergoing transcranial direct current stimulation over the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Additional participants judged how representative generated associates were of the picture category and guessed the category based on the associates. Anodal stimulation was predicted to up-regulate labelling and thereby increase the extent to which participants produced associate that were more representative of the pictured category. Associates generated by anodally stimulated subjects were found to be more representative and enabled more accurate guessing of the category from which they were generated. The general pattern of results was replicated in a follow-up study using words rather than picture cues. Together these results suggest labelling may help stabilise semantic representations, leading to more robust representation of category-relevant information.
Moving foraging into three dimensions: Feature- versus conjunction-based foraging in virtual reality
Authors: Kristjánsson Tómas , Draschkow Dejan , Pálsson Ágúst , Haraldsson Davíð , Jónsson Pétur Örn , Kristjánsson Árni
Published: June 2020

Visual attention evolved in a three-dimensional (3D) world, yet studies on human attention in three dimensions are sparse. Here we present findings from a human foraging study in immersive 3D virtual reality. We used a foraging task introduced in Kristjánsson et al. to examine how well their findings generalise to more naturalistic settings. The second goal was to examine what effect the motion of targets and distractors has on inter-target times (ITTs), run patterns, and foraging organisation. Observers foraged for 50 targets among 50 distractors in four different conditions. Targets were distinguished from distractors by either a single feature (feature foraging) or a conjunction of features (conjunction foraging). Furthermore, those conditions were performed both with static and moving targets and distractors. Our results replicate previous foraging studies in many aspects, with constant ITTs during a “cruise-phase” within foraging trials and response time peaks at the end of foraging trials. Some key differences emerged, however, such as more frequent switches between target types during conjunction foraging than previously seen and a lack of clear mid-peaks during conjunction foraging, possibly reflecting that differences between feature and conjunction processing are smaller within 3D environments. Observers initiated their foraging in the bottom part of the visual field and motion did not have much of an effect on selection times between different targets (ITTs) or run behaviour patterns except for the end-peaks. Our results cast new light upon visual attention in 3D environments and highlight how 3D virtual reality studies can provide important extensions to two-dimensional studies of visual attention.