bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Lives in Scotland'S Care Homes? Descriptive Analysis Using Routinely Collected Social Care Data 2012–16
Authors: Burton Jennifer K , Lynch Ellen , Love Sharon , Rintoul Julie , Starr John M , Shenkin Susan D
Published: March 2019

Background

Adults living in long-term care are a significant and complex population who are under-represented in research using traditional methodologies.

Methods

The aim of this study was to provide the first description of the adult care home population and their homes, using routinely collected data. A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using the Scottish Care Home Census (SCHC) between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2016.

Results

Data are from 1,299 care home services (79.3-89.7% completeness), including 34,399-39,311 residents per year across all regions of Scotland. A total of 68% of residents are female, with median age 84 years. 27% fund their own care. Over 85% of self-funded residents receive free personal care allowance. Around 60% require care from a registered nurse and 49% have a formal diagnosis of dementia. The majority of admissions come from hospital (46%). Between 13 and 17% of residents die annually, with a median time to death of 596-653 days.

Conclusions

This study provides the most comprehensive descriptive data of UK care home residents available. There is scope to enhance the information available through linkage to other routine sources.
Discharge Home from Critical Care: Safety Assessment in a Resource Constrained System
Authors: Xing Siyao , Roshdy Ashraf , Radhakrishnan Jayachandran , Kiff Kevin , Collins Jake
Published: March 2019

Background

High bed occupancy rates have delayed patient discharges from UK critical care units, especially in acute medical hospitals. As a result, more patients are discharged home directly from critical care (DH).

Methods

In this observational, retrospective study, we quantify the trends in DH from 2013 to 2018, and assess readmission rates and outcome in this group when compared to patients discharged from a ward, from 2014 to 2016.

Results

DH rates, as a proportion of critical care admissions, increased every year (2.47% in 2013 to 19.36% in 2018). In 2014–16, the most common admission diagnoses in DH patients were diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA; 35%), drug overdose (12%), seizures (8%) and respiratory failure (8%). DH patients were younger and had shorter critical care stay. Readmission rates in DH patients were comparable to the rest of the hospital. Patients with DKA and seizures were more likely to be readmitted.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that direct home discharge from critical care is increasingly common but safe in selected patient groups.
Syncope in a New Mother: A Case of Long-Qt Syndrome Presenting after Childbirth
Authors: Wereski Ryan , Dobson Richard , Newman Edward J , Connelly Derek
Published: March 2019

Diagnosis of inherited arrhythmia syndromes, including long-QT syndrome (LQTS), is challenging; however, early detection and initiation of therapies can reduce otherwise high rates of mortality.

Two months following the birth of her first child a previously well 21-year-old female experienced four episodes of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC).

The history was atypical for seizures but a video electroencephalogram (EEG) captured an episode with abnormal bifrontal epileptic discharge. She was commenced on levetiracetam.

Within weeks of the birth of her second child she experienced five further episodes. During the subsequent hospital admission an electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) during a typical TLOC event. Other ECGs recorded a prolonged QT interval. A diagnosis of LQTS was made and TLOC episodes ceased on commencement of nadolol.

The patient experienced 22 TLOC episodes before diagnosis - most likely from self-terminating VT.

With widespread availability of effective treatments to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in such conditions, clinicians should always remember how the ECG is an essential investigation every time a patient presents with TLOC.
Bilateral Lateral Geniculate Body Lesions Causing Reversible Blindness in a Patient with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Authors: Karadan Ummer , Naga Supreeth Ramesh , Chellenton Jayakrishnan , Ummer Abin , Muthyala Prathap Reddy
Published: March 2019

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a completely reversible neuroradiological entity caused by accelerated hypertension, eclampsia, certain cytotoxic drugs and acute renal failure. PRES involves posterior circulation of the brain resulting in various manifestations, hence the name. Acute vision loss is one of the manifestations that occurs owing to the involvement of the visual pathway. However, loss of vision due to a lesion involving the lateral geniculate body alone is unusual. We report one such case of a young female who developed acute bilateral painless loss of vision without any other symptom during postpartum period. MRI brain showed features of PRES involving bilateral lateral geniculate body, hippocampus and brainstem. There was no involvement of retrogeniculate visual pathway, i.e. parieto-occipital cortex. The patient improved with optimal blood pressure control and was discharged after 5 days.
Trainee and Supervisor Experience of the Academic Foundation Programme
Authors: Darbyshire Daniel , Baker Paul , Agius Steven , McAleer Sean
Published: March 2019

Background

The Academic Foundation Programme (AFP) is often the initial step along the Integrated Academic Training pathway in the UK. It is relatively new and research as to its effectiveness is limited. Our objective was to evaluate the AFP in terms of its impact on academic career aspirations and to explore trainees’ expectations and experience of the programme and investigate the enablers and barriers to success.

Method

Seven supervisors of Academic Foundation trainees were interviewed over a 5-month period in 2014. AFP trainees’ views were sought by way of an online questionnaire that covered six areas: demographics, expectations, academic time, experience, research and achievements.

Results

Thirty-four trainees completed online questionnaires. The majority of trainees (94%) did not proceed directly along the Integrated Academic Training pathway to complete Academic Clinical Fellowships, but those who applied to do so were often successful (nine applicants, six successful). Free-text comments revealed an expectation of a more course-like structure to the programme, this is in contrast to the authentic experience of clinical academia, along with its associated challenges, that some of the supervisors reported. The importance of planning and preparation for success was a recurring theme from the supervisor interviews.

Conclusions

The programme is achieving some success in encouraging academic careers. There are several areas that can be improved. Improving the availability of information and guidance for supervisors and facilitating Academic Foundation Doctors to network are both feasible changes that could lead to improvement.
Was Thomas Wharton Jones Frs, Assistant to the Infamous Dr Knox, the First to Recognise the Blood Eosinophil?
Authors: Kay A Barry
Published: March 2019

Thomas Wharton Jones (1808-91), described as a ‘genius’ by his famous pupil Thomas Henry Huxley, was an Edinburgh medical graduate. At the age of 19 years he was appointed anatomy demonstrator to the infamous Dr Robert Knox so unwittingly becoming caught up in the Burke and Hare scandal. Escaping to Glasgow, and then to Cork and London, Jones eventually became an outstanding physiologist and ophthalmologist. His seminal observations included scholarly treatises on the vasculature in inflammation together with descriptions of the contractile movement of white blood cells, as well as studies on regeneration and repair, astigmatism and retinitis pigmentosa. He was admitted as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1840. One of his seminal contributions was his detailed description of ‘granular cells’ in the blood of a large number of animal species, including man. His illustrations suggest strongly these were eosinophils, predating Paul Erhlich's definitive studies (using aniline dyes) by 33 years. In later life he was found destitute in his London home and ‘rescued’ by friends and colleagues. William Gladstone was persuaded to give Jones a civil list pension. He lived out the rest of his life in Ventnor on the Isle of Wight.
Sir Patrick Manson at Home: 21 Queen Anne Street as a Hybrid Space
Authors: Hussey Kristin D
Published: March 2019

Colonial physician and father of tropical medicine Sir Patrick Manson (1844-1922) is most closely associated with his research in China or teaching at the London School of Tropical Medicine, which he founded in 1899. This paper reconsiders Manson's life and work through a new spatial lens - that of his home at 21 Queen Anne Street. Drawing on glimpses of Manson's London house from his biographies and surviving archives, 21 Queen Anne Street is presented as a hybrid space - drawing together scientific, clinical and social networks and activities. Taking the form of a tour, this paper interrogates the internal divisions of the five-story building - focusing in particular on Manson's home laboratory, the ‘muck room', and his consulting room. It explores how boundaries between spaces within the house were managed but also transgressed by Manson and his imperial family. It suggests the need to think more broadly about the spatial contexts of medical practice and research in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Engaging Patient Stakeholders in Planning, Implementing, and Disseminating Occupational Therapy Research
Authors: Haywood Carol , Martinez Gabriela , Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Carandang Kristine
Published: March 2019

Patients1 are experts on their own lives and the ways in which an illness, injury, or disability affects their health, activity, and quality of life. With its longstanding foundations in participatory action research, patient engagement has been gaining momentum across health care and related research. This momentum is supported by investments from several key research and federal policy–related organizations, including the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Occupational therapy practitioners are uniquely positioned to champion patient collaborations. In this article, we discuss ways in which patient perspectives can be embraced in occupational therapy research, and we share insights from a research planning collaborative with adolescents and young adults that was led by occupational therapy researchers.
Development of a New Centralized Data Acquisition System for Seismic Exploration
Authors: Guo Feng , Zhang Qisheng , Zhang Qimao , Li Wenhao , Luo Yueyun , Niu Yuefeng , Qiao Shauiqing
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Seismic exploration equipment has developed rapidly over the past few decades. One such piece of equipment is a centralized seismograph, which plays an important role in engineering, so improving its performance is of great scientific significance. However, there is still a gap between seismic exploration equipment that is inde-pendently developed by China and that developed worldwide; this gap needs to be bridged via the advancements made in technology. In this research, the core part of general seismic data acquisition devices is packaged to develop a centralized seismic data acquisition system (Named as CUGB-CS48DAS) that has independent operating ability and high scalability, which can be used for engineering seismic and electrical prospecting. The low-power-consumption computer of the system comprises a 24-bit Σ-△ modulation A/D converter and 48 sampling channels with an optional sampling rate of 50 Hz to 64 KHz, crosstalk rejection ratio ≥ 80 dB, dynamic range ≥ 120 dB, frequency response range of DC to 16 KHz, synchronization accuracy better than 200 ns, and data transmission speed ≥ 90 Mbps. With regard to the host computer, the ar-chitecture of the control software is smart, and it can integrate the multiple functions of data acquisition, preprocessing, and self-testing; clear interfaces reduce the com-plexity of development and migration.
The role of precipitation for high-magnitude flood generation in a
large mountainous catchment (upper Rhône River, NW European
Alps)
Authors: Raymond Florian , Wilhelm Bruno , Anquetin Sandrine
Published: March 2019

Abstract. High-impact climate events such as floods are highly destructive natural hazards causing widespread impacts on socio-ecosystems. However, processes leading to such events are still poorly understood, which limiting reliable prediction. This study takes advantage of centennial-long discharge series (1923–2010) and meteorological reanalysis (ERA-20C) to study processes generating the high-magnitude flood events (i.e. above the percentile 99.9) of the upper Rhône River (NW European Alps). A particular focus is paid to the role of precipitation on the flood generation to explore in what extent such events could be explained by only atmospheric variables. A flood typology is thus established using a hierarchical clustering analysis and three variables: long (8-day) and short (2-day) precipitation accumulations as well as an index characterizing the amplitude of the discharge increase during the 7 days prior to the flood day. The typology result in four classes, of which two are directly linked to precipitation. One results from heavy precipitation over two days (similar to short-rain floods in the literature) and the other one from a combination of short and long intense precipitation sequences (similar to long-rain floods). The two other types of floods cannot be explained by precipitation only, most probably involving ice and snow melting. The four events of highest magnitude (> 20 year return period) are of various types but are all triggered by heavy precipitation during the days preceding the floods. The role of the precipitation accumulations progressively decreases when considering floods of weaker magnitude, suggesting a higher diversity of processes involved in the generation of e.g. annual flooding. Our results highlight the needs to better understand the atmospheric processes leading to heavy precipitation accumulation since this would allow a better understanding of past and future trends of extreme flood events.
A feature geometric approach to Bondu-so vowel harmony
Authors: Green Christopher R. , Hantgan Abbie E.
Published: March 2019

Bondu-so (Dogon; Mali) vowel harmony exhibits both typologically and theoretically interesting properties. The language’s vocalic system displays surface patterns that implicate a ten-vowel system with an underlying [ATR] contrast at three vowel heights that is not immediately apparent given only mid vowels maintain an [ATR] contrast on the surface. The current paper presents previously unaccounted for data that show alternations associated with Bondu-so vowel harmony correlate not only with the [ATR] specification of a given root vowel, but also with properties of the root-final consonant. We appeal to a combination of featural and prosodic licensing to analyze these outcomes and do so in a modified version of the Parallel Structures Model of feature geometry. The PSM framework has been employed in studies of consonant assimilation and consonant-vowel interaction, but to our knowledge, the current paper is the first to extend it specifically to the analysis of vowel harmony.
Analysis of forest wood supply chains for round-wood production restricted by technical constraints
Authors: Flores Hernandez Ulises
Published: March 2019

Aim of the study: Integrated information tools models are fundamental for analyzing supply chains as regards pattern of consumption and production. These models are very useful for availability estimations of natural resources when social and environmental uncertainties need to be addressed, as it is the case for forest wood supply chains. This work presents an analysis of a forest wood supply chain focusing on forest operations to estimate the availability of round-wood volume restricted by technical constraints using a local case study in Mexico. The theoretical and technical potentials of woody biomass availability were reviewed considering an assessment of forest operations for round-wood production.Area of the study: municipality of Santa Maria del Rio S.L.P. inside the forested land of San Antonio in Mexico.Material and methods: Geographical, historical and socioeconomic data and field work were used to develop technical constraints as extraction limits. Felling and extraction operations were analyzed resulting in a production rate of 2.48 m3 per productive machine hour.Main results: The theoretically produced standing timber accounted to 21,132 m3. After simulating technical constraints, the technically feasible supply of round-wood accounted to 2, 113 m3. Furthermore, a biomass flow chart for tracing biomass along the system boundaries was developed.Research highlights: With the given results, it is possible to give recommendations and conclusions for the improvement of wood supply chains supported by time studies values, technical constraints on terrain slope, harvesting intensity and mechanization level.Keywords: Mexico; modeling; forest operations; sustainable forest management.
New Vigor Methodology in Pearl Millet Seeds
Authors: Suñé A. S. , Rodrigues D. B. , Almeida A. S. , Nunes C. A. , Konzen L. H. , Gewehr E. , Silveira G. A. , Reis B. B. , Chagas H. L. , Tunes L. V. M.
Published: March 2019

The use of high quality seeds is of utmost importance and is intimately related to seed vigor. The objective of this study was to stablish a novel methodology for evaluating the vigor of pearl millet seeds. The experiment was performed at the Federal University of Pelotas, using 5 seed lots of pearl millet cv. BRS1501. The research was carried out in two stages: first, seed lots were characterized (physiological quality tests); second, the initial emergence and development of pearl millet seedlings was evaluated, testing four different substrates and five sowing depths in the emergence test. The experimental set up consisted of a completely randomized design with four replicates. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. The substrates sand and carbonized rice husk, at 1.0 cm depth, satisfactorily stratified seed lots. These methodologies correlated with the speed of emergency index and seedling emergency. Thus, the study identified an innovative method for testing vigor in pearl millet seeds.
Groundnut Production and Storage in the Sahel: Challenges and Opportunities in the Maradi and Zinder Regions of Niger
Authors: Bakoye Ousmane , Baoua Ibrahim , Sitou Lawali , Moctar Mahamane Rabé , Amadou Laouali , Njoroge Anastasia W. , Murdock Larry L. , Baributsa Dieudonne
Published: March 2019

Groundnut Arachis hypogaea (L.), is an important legume crop after cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) in Niger. However, there has been a decline in its economic importance due to several challenges. A survey of 800 farmers was conducted in 40 villages in the Maradi and Zinder regions to assess constraints and opportunities to improve groundnut production and marketing. Average land size and yield varied by region: 1.3 ha per farmer and 461.3 kg ha-1 in Maradi, and 1.7 ha per farmer and 417.2 kg ha-1 in Zinder. Insect pests (aphids) were the most important production constraint. Groundnut is typically stored for six to eight months after harvest but 91% of farmers do not take any precautions to protect the grain. Storage enables farmers to earn high profit margins of up to 33 and 113% for unshelled and shelled groundnuts, respectively. Most farmers (71.5%) sell their groundnut in unshelled form in local and urban markets. Traders are the main buyers according to 61.7% of farmers while processors were mentioned as purchasers by less than 20%. Sales are mostly done by individual farmers while very little is sold through cooperatives. Given that groundnut is a profitable crop adapted to the Sahelian zone, there is need to improve its production, storage, and value addition through processing.
Nutritional Behavior of Heliconia Grown Under Different Levels of Lime
Authors: Sousa Gisele O. de , Viégas Ismael de J. M. , Galvão Jessivaldo R. , Silva Deivison R. da , Yakuwa Tiago K. M. , Silva Vicente F. A. , Pinheiro Daniel P. , Melo Nilvan C. , Silva Diocleia A. S. , Moraes Raykleison I. dos R.
Published: March 2019

Production and commercialization of tropical flowers and plants has grown in recent years, mainly due to the increasing value of these products in temperate climate countries, such as heliconia, one of the most cultivated tropical ornamental plants in Brazil. This study was developed to determine the effect of lime applications on the nutrients in heliconia plants (Heliconia psittacorum L. × Heliconia sparthocircinata Arist. [cv. Golden Torch]) cultivated in yellow latosol in a greenhouse. The macronutrient levels in the leaves, pseudostem and roots of the heliconia plants were determined after cultivating the plants in containers with a medium texture, yellow latosol, collected from the 0 to 20 cm layer and submitted to doses of 0, 0.9, 2.6, 4.2 and 5.9 t of lime ha-1. Nitrogen and phosphorous performed better in the absence of the correction and in the 0.9 t ha-1 dose for the vegetative parts of the heliconia plants. The application of dolomitic lime promoted greater absorption of potassium, calcium and magnesium, and sulfur performed better for the doses 2.6 and 5.9 t of lime ha-1, for the pseudostem and roots, respectively.
Een effectenanalyse van de adviezen van een Adviesraad Sociaal Domein als bijdrage aan een ‘local democratic audit’
Authors: Schutgens Jean
Published: March 2019

An effect analysis of the advice of a social affairs advisory council as a contribution to a local democratic audit

‘The Netherlands is a country of commissions. Some are useful: they draw up an analysis that clarifies, declares success or denounces failure’, as the author wrote in his PhD-thesis ‘Looking with strange eyes’ in 2014. This essay also deals with commissions. In the three decentralization operations in the Netherlands, a so-called social affairs advisory council has made its appearance in the Dutch municipalities. Advisory committees or councils play an important role in our political system. For a long time discussions have been held about the position of these advisory bodies and their added value for policy and stakeholders. This fits in with municipalities that are in full development with concepts such as self-management, co-creation and vital communities. Advisory councils want to know if their work matters. There may be growing disappointment about the effects of their advice. That feeling of disappointment is understandable. In 1979 Carol Weiss was rather negative at the time about the degree of utilization of research. In 1983 Arno Korsten put this into perspective: ‘The view that there is underutilization on a large scale requires revision. An important reason is the fact that applying research results is often not immediately and easily visible, neither for researchers involved nor for policy makers.’ Research is something other than advice, but the insights are a source of inspiration for the use of advice. An advisory council wants to increase the effectiveness of its advice. For that reason, in this essay an approach is developed that provides insight into the factors that determine the way in which and the extent to which the advice is used in political decision-making. With this insight, an advisory council for the social domain can strengthen the influence of its advice, as is expected.
AXIOLOGY OF CHANGES IN CONSUMER LAW ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2015/2302 DIRECTIVE ON PACKAGE TRAVEL AND LINKED TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS IN POLAND
Authors: Cybula Piotr
Published: March 2019

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to verify, to a certain extent, the thesis on greater protection of the traveller after the entry into force of the Act on Package Travel and Linked Travel Arrangements, in relation to the hitherto binding provisions of the Act on Tourist Services represented e.g. in literature and the media.

Method. The paper uses the dogmatic-legal method - analysis of problems presented on the basis of legal regulations and literature on the subject.

Findings. The author points out, on selected examples, that with regard to many problems, which are important from a practical point of view, this protection has actually worsened the situation, the traveller is less protected than under the Act on Tourist Services. In fact, the new provisions lead to partial worsening of the legal situation of the traveller.

Research and conclusions limitations. Due to the timing of the adoption of Directive 2015/2302 and the Act on Packages Travel and Linked Travel Arrangements, the presented issues are new, with relatively little literature to date.

Practical implications. Conclusions resulting from the article may be used to assess the importance of the implementation regarding the provisions of Directive 2015/2302 in Polish law, including possible legislative interference.

Originality. The problem has not been presented so far.

Type of work. Problem article.
THE CONCEPTUAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF THE GLOBAL CODE OF ETHICS FOR TOURISM
Authors: Handszuh Henryk
Published: March 2019

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BETWEEN TRAVELLER, OBSERVER AND PILGRIM: MEETING OF POLISH ANTHROPOLOGIST/JOURNALIST AND LADAKHIAN BUDDHIST MONK
Authors: Sieradzan Jacek
Published: March 2019

Purpose. Showing the ethical nature of the meeting of anthropologist and journalist Krzysztof Renik with Buddhist monk Tashi, in an environment alien to both of them. Analysis of Renik’s book to find out whether the borders between traveler, pilgrim and tourist are luminal and fluid in nature. Method. Critical analysis of literature. Results. Affirmation of the theory regarding the fluid nature of social categories, in this case that of the traveler, pilgrim and tourist. Both Renik and Tashi are pilgrims, but also travelers/ pilgrims who wander through unknown countries. Research and conclusions limitations. No possibility of contact with the monk, the main character of the book. Practical implications. The article can have meaning for persons who try to understand the religious and social landscape of Hindu countries, and want to broaden their perspective of the world taking the point of view of an anthropologist who practiced long-term observation of the behavior of a Buddhist monk into account. Originality. Renik’s book is probably the first work relating the day-by-day common pilgrimage of the Ladakhian Buddhist monk and the Catholic anthropologist and journalist. The latter wanting to better understand Tashi’s engagement, also participated in Buddhist practices. Being a traveler and anthropologist, he becomes a pilgrim, and pilgrim Tashi frequently behaves like a traveler or common tourist. Type of paper. Case study.
ALL-ROUND WANDERINGS. ETHOS AND EPIPHANIES OF THE ABODE
Authors: Zowisło Maria
Published: March 2019

Purpose. To expose the ethos and epiphanies of “all-round wanderings”, i.e. deliberate microtravels in dwelling places. This concept is implication of the idea of a place as ethos, i.e. the axiosphere of the abode according to one of fontal senses the ancient Greeks assigned to ethos. The aura of genius loci values uncovers the epiphanic potential of the all-round world. Understood as such, ethos may become a premise to construct the ethics of travel in general, i.e. travel sensu stricto, world travel. A presentation inter alia, of Marc Augé’s concept of “non-places” serves as an introduction to these reflections. According to this concept, there is a decline of traditional places, sedentism, homedwelling and rootedness in the area of so-called “hypermodernity” which is marked by extraordinary human mobility, artifact transfers and diffusion of cultures. The main exit point of the presented article is the polemic thesis to such a view. The author advocates the attitude that the abode not only remains a persistent and indefeasible existential value in modern life but also possesses the wandering potential as a niche of micro-travels.

Method. Literary criticism and philosophical analysis of journey essays by selected authors explicated with reference to the fundamental ontology of Martin Heidegger and the eidetic micro- philosophy of Stefan Symotiuk. Understanding the interpretation (hermeneutical) directed towards existential meanings, values and ideas, comparison, synthesis.

Findings. Indication of some axiological components of the ethics of travel understood as a preserving of ethos, careful and responsible form of feeling at home en route into the world. Epiphanic experience from being „here and there”, in the area surrounding the abode and within the remote world may be a leeson of authentic and responsible feeling the reality in its details and vast perspective of geo-physical and cultural horizon of life.

Research and conclusions limitations. The work is not empirical but analytical and descriptive.

Practical implications. Ethics is practical knowledge from sources. Reconsidering the basics of ethics of travel and tourism in the context of dwelling, the world may form an interesting proposal for the ideological and axiological complement of existing ethical codes in tourism.

Originality. The concept of non-oppositional understanding of the ideas regarding place and route, dwelling and travel mobility.

Type of paper. The article presents theoretical concepts from the field of culture studies and philosophy together with literary criticism of selected travel essays.
Global Code of Ethics for Tourism [translation: Henryk Handszuh]
Authors: Handszuh Henryk
Published: March 2019

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Oficina de saúde e sexualidade: Residentes de saúde promovendo educação sexual entre adolescentes de escola pública
Authors: Ferreira Iago Gonçalves , Piazza Marina , Souza Deyse
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da implementação de oficinas de saúde e sexualidade por residentes de saúde da família com adolescentes do 8º ano de uma escola pública em Florianópolis. Relato de experiência: As oficinas foram organizadas sob a forma de encontros mensais, com turmas do 8º ano dos períodos matutino e vespertino, da Escola de Ensino Básico Hilda Teodoro, situada no bairro da Trindade, em Florianópolis, entre os meses de março a dezembro de 2017. Os encontros eram realizados em pequenos grupos, com 16 alunos por turma, dispostos em roda de maneira a permitir a interação e participação de todos os membros, tendo duração de 45 a 90 minutos. Durante os encontros, eram realizadas palestras, dinâmicas e rodas de conversa, estimulando a reflexão, debate e conscientização dos adolescentes acerca da importância de temas como: gravidez na adolescência, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, orientação sexual e identidade de gênero, machismo, métodos anticoncepcionais e anatomia dos órgãos reprodutivos. Discussão: Por meio da experiência, notou-se participação ativa e ricas contribuições por parte dos adolescentes, principalmente das meninas, evidenciando interesse considerável sobre a temática da sexualidade, principalmente a gravidez na adolescência e os métodos contraceptivos. Os discursos e pontos de vista ressaltaram as mudanças em curso na sociedade brasileira, em direção à igualdade de gênero e empoderamento feminino. Conclusão: As oficinas de saúde e sexualidade desenvolvidas pelos residentes de medicina de família e comunidade e saúde da família representaram uma oportunidade ímpar de interação entre os programas de residência, as equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família e a comunidade, utilizando o cenário escolar como ferramenta para a promoção de saúde e empoderamento social.
Pathology of Gastrointestinal and Liver Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Mourad Nathalie , Michel René P. , Marcus Victoria A.
Published: March 2019

Context.—

Despite advances in therapeutic and preventive measures, hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients remain at risk for a variety of gastrointestinal and liver complications.

Objective.—

To detail the pathologic features of the various gastrointestinal and liver complications occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relation to their clinical context. The specific complications covered include graft-versus-host disease, mycophenolate mofetil–induced injury, timeline of infections, neutropenic enterocolitis, gastrointestinal thrombotic microangiopathy, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, hepatic iron overload, and the controversy around cord colitis syndrome.

Data Sources.—

The content of this article is based on pertinent peer-reviewed articles in PubMed, relevant textbooks, and on the authors' personal experiences.

Conclusions.—

The final histopathologic diagnosis requires the integration of clinical and histologic findings and the exclusion of other competing causes of injury. Review of the clinical data, including the original disease pretransplant, the type of transplant, the timing of the gastrointestinal and/or liver manifestations, the timing of the biopsy after transplant, the presence of graft-versus-host disease in other organs and sites, the list of drug regimens, and the clinical and laboratory evidence of infection, is the key to reaching the proper histologic diagnosis.
SATB2 Versus CDX2: A Battle Royale for Diagnostic Supremacy in Mucinous Tumors
Authors: Brettfeld Stefan M. , Ramos Benjamin D. , Berry Ryan S. , Martin David R. , Hanson Joshua A.
Published: March 2019

Context.—

Metastatic mucinous tumors present a diagnostic challenge for pathologists as tumor histomorphology is often nonspecific and optimal immunoprofiles are still under investigation.

Objective.—

To present a head-to-head comparison of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) and caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) expression in a diverse array of primary mucinous tumors.

Design.—

SATB2 and CDX2 immunohistochemical stains were performed on whole sections from 44 mucinous colorectal carcinomas and 175 noncolorectal mucinous tumors. A nuclear scoring system measuring intensity (0–3+) and percentage staining (0 = <5%, 1 = 5%–49%, 2 = ≥50%) was implemented, producing an additive histologic score (H-score).

Results.—

SATB2 demonstrated acceptable accuracy at low to moderate expression levels (H-scores of 1–4). With these H-score cutoffs, overall accuracy was greater than 90%. In contrast, CDX2's accuracy rivaled that of SATB2 only at an H-score of 5 (89.0%), as its specificity suffered at lower expression levels (<70.0% at H-scores of 1–4). Using a moderate H-score cutoff of 3 or higher, significant differences for both sensitivity and specificity were identified between SATB2 and CDX2 (P = .01 for sensitivity and P < .001 for specificity), though these stains were near equivalent when each was interpreted as positive at its respective optimal H-score (SATB2 ≥ 3 and CDX2 = 5).

Conclusions.—

SATB2 is a more accurate marker of colorectal origin across a variety of expression levels compared with CDX2 when applied to mucinous tumors from a host of primary sites. However, these stains are near equivalent when each is interpreted at its optimal expression level.
Reestruturação, reorientação e renovação do serviço extensionista no Brasil: a (difícil) implementação da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (PNATER)
Authors: Diniz Raphael Fernando , Hespanhol Antonio Nivaldo
Published: March 2019

Tendo em vista a importância da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (PNATER) para o processo de reestruturação, reorientação e renovação do serviço extensionista no país, buscamos neste artigo apresentar e analisar as ações destinadas à sua implementação, assim como identificar os avanços alcançados e os desafios enfrentados pela referida política. A partir da análise de estudos produzidos sobre a PNATER e de informações e dados disponíveis em documentos disponibilizados pelos órgãos gestores, constatamos que, não obstante as mudanças teórico-conceituais, metodológicas e a ampliação dos investimentos federais nas entidades extensionistas, diversos problemas estruturais e conjunturais ainda persistem e limitam a adoção de metodologias participativas, a transição agroecológica e a exclusividade no atendimento aos grupos sociais marginalizados. Ademais, constatamos que a distribuição de recursos financeiros destinados à execução das ações de ATER em todos os estados da federação ocorreu de forma bastante desigual, privilegiando as regiões e estados mais desenvolvidos e/ou com número pouco expressivo de agricultores familiares.
Passive Drag Reduction via Bionic Hull Coatings
Authors: Schrader Lars-Uve
Published: March 2019

The resistance of ships is often dominated by friction between the hull and the water. This study explores possibilities of reducing skin-friction drag in a way inspired by dolphins. These possess a soft skin believed to diminish drag by delaying the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The underlying mechanism builds on a stabilization of the laminar boundary layer by the compliant surface. To transfer this mechanism to ship hulls, coatings similar to dolphin skin have been designed numerically, made from polymeric materials, and tested in a water tunnel. For the best coating, a drag reduction by almost 3% has been predicted in the boundary layer along the hull model of a small search-and-rescue vessel. The trends of the numerical predictions have been confirmed in the experiments.

1. Overview

Dolphins are able to sustain a swimming speed of about 9 m/sec across long distances (Carpenter et al. 2000). This fascinating endurance has stimulated the hypothesis that the pliable dolphin skin interacts with the surrounding flow so as to maintain low-drag laminar flow via a delay of transition to turbulence (Gad-el-Hak 1996). Although this hypothesis is under debate (Fish & Lauder 2006), laboratory experiments have indeed demonstrated that soft coatings delay laminar-turbulent transition (Gaster 1987). According to boundary-layer linear stability theory (LST), compliant surfaces are able to mitigate the amplification of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves, the forerunners of transition in low-disturbance environments (Carpenter & Garrad 1985). However, wall compliance may also promote transition in that the flow may excite instability waves borne by the soft coating material. These waves are known as fluid-induced surface instabilities (FISI) (Carpenter & Garrad 1985) or travelling-wave flutter (Gad-el-Hak 1996). FISI waves may in turn via nonlinear effects develop into quasi-steady surface corrugations ("divergence") (Carpenter & Garrad 1986). This process is associated with an absolute instability mechanism (Tsigklifis & Lucey 2015) that rapidly triggers transition via the bypass route. The boundary-layer instability over a compliant coating is hence more complex than that over a rigid surface owing to the presence of two wave-bearing media. Compliant-wall boundary layers also support non-modal transient growth inducing bypass transition (Tsigklifis & Lucey 2015).
L’amitié entre correspondance et réalité politique
Authors: Amraoui Abdelaziz
Published: March 2019

La lettre reste un gage d’authenticité et de vérité, à la fois subjective et ob- jective, dans une ère de suspicion gagnée par une guerre qui s’annonce et une haine en flèche contre les Juifs après la montée d’Hitler aux commandes de l’Allemagne désormais nazie. Au fur et à mesure de la correspondance, la réalité s’impose aux épistoliers à tel point qu’elle va se répercuter sur leurs relations. Notre contribution s’attèlera à démontrer que la correspondance prend les allures de témoignage d’un moment historique fatidique, qui dépasse le cadre personnel liant deux amis de longue date, pour atteindre le domaine des relations internationales.
La donna nel dramma italiano della seconda metà del XX Secolo
Authors: Luque Rocío
Published: March 2019

Se la letteratura dagli anni Settanta del XX secolo, dapprima timidamente e poi con forza sempre maggiore, riesce a dare voce alla donna, a renderla visibile, il teatro la “rappresenta” in tutto il suo essere rivendicando il diritto di imporsi nel mondo, riconoscendole la capacità di incidere nel tessuto sociale e di operare trasformazioni epocali. È innegabile difatti che il teatro, nascendo da pulsioni d’ordine antropologico nella cui zona di confine s’intersecano generi e linguaggi molteplici, dia vita così ad un processo di sintesi e di contaminazioni in cui si perpetua, con le gesta di personaggi più o meno mitici, una saggezza popolare che si ravviva secondo tecniche e modelli della comunicazione orale, specie femminile.
De orfiske mudderbade: Esoteriske renhedsforestillinger i oldtidens Grækenland
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The symbolic distinction between purity and pollution was prevalent in Ancient Greece, not least among the Orphics. As a religious reform movement of the Axial Age, they authored a discourse which was polemically directed against the dominant Homeric tradition. This shows, for instance, in their eschatological reconception of the relationships between humans and gods, life and death. As part of an initiation ritual, they offered purifications, including self-defilement with blood and mud, with the purpose of releasing the initiate from the cycle of births (reincarnation). Allegedly, the initiation entailed a ritual staging of the realm of the dead – an imitatio mortis – in which the uninitiated were doomed to a hapless fate, whereas the initiated were introduced to a divine and carefree afterlife.

DANSK RESUMÉ: Den symbolske distinktion mellem renhed og urenhed spillede en afgørende rolle i det antikke Hellas, ikke mindst for orfikerne. De fremstår i den forbindelse som en typisk aksetidsbevægelse, der forholder sig polemisk til den herskende tradition. Således tilskrev de forholdet mellem mennesker og guder, liv og død, en eskatologisk betydning, der stod i modsætning til det homeriske univers. De indførte også renselsesriter med blod og mudder som del af et initiationsritual, hvis formål var at guddommeliggøre initianden gennem en frigørelse fra fødslernes kredsløb. Her tyder alt på, at ritualet bestod en rituel iscenesættelse af dødsriget – imitatio mortis – der skelnede mellem uindviede, som gik en trøstesløs skæbne i møde, og indviede, som kunne se frem til et sorgløst efterliv.
Anmeldelse af Kasper Bro Larsen, Jesus, Tænkepause, Aarhus Universitetsforlag 2018
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: March 2019

Anmeldelse af Kasper Bro Larsen, Jesus, Tænkepause 64, Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag 2018
Pollen report: Quantitative review of pollen crude protein concentrations offered by bee pollinated flowers in agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes
Authors: Pamminger Tobias , Becker Roland , Himmelreich Sophie , Schneider Christof W , Bergtold Matthias
Published: March 2019

To ease nutritional stress on managed as well as native bee populations in agricultural habitats, agro-environmental protection schemes aim to provide alternative nutritional resources for bee populations during times of need. However, such efforts have so far focused on quantity (supply of flowering plants) and timing (flower-scarce periods) while ignoring the quality of the two main bee relevant flower-derived resources (pollen and nectar). As a first step to address this issue we have compiled a geographically explicit dataset focusing on pollen crude protein concentration, one measurement traditionally associated with pollen quality for bees. We attempt to provide a robust baseline for protein levels bees can collect in- (crop and weed species) and off-field (wild) in agricultural habitats around the globe. Using this database we identify crop genera which provide sub-optimal pollen resources in terms of crude protein concentration for bees and suggest potential plant genera that could serve as alternative resources for protein. This information could be used by scientists, regulators, bee keepers, NGOs and farmers to compare the pollen quality currently offered in alternative foraging habitats and identify opportunities to improve them. In the long run we hope that additional markers of pollen quality will be added to the database in order to get a more complete picture of flower resources offered to bees and foster a data-informed discussion about pollinator conservation in modern agricultural landscapes.
Enhancing the connections between institutions and organizations to advance postdoctoral training
Authors: Bankston Adriana , Fagen Adam P , McDowell Gary S , Gunsalus Kearney , Hall Sonia
Published: March 2019

Postdoctoral scholars are no longer the “invisible” population they once were. While they are considered independent researchers, they still require a considerable amount of training and career preparation. Recently, there have been numerous efforts from a variety of stakeholders to enhance professional development for postdoctoral scholars. While these enhancements are valuable, there is a need to ensure that these efforts are coordinated across stakeholders to maximize investment and minimize duplication. The workshop described here, held at the 2017 National Postdoctoral Association meeting, was designed with this goal in mind. Representatives with various perspectives on postdoctoral training discussed the strengths and challenges they faced in training postdoctoral scholars. This conversation included discussions of career preparedness, methods for collection and dissemination of training and career outcomes data, specific roles that these stakeholders play in enhancing postdoctoral training, and potential partnership models for collaboration to enhance postdoctoral training.
Public perception of the vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: a crowdsourced study
Authors: Kondziella Daniel , Cheung Man Cheung , Dutta Anirban
Published: March 2019

Background

The vegetative state (VS)/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) denotes brain-injured, awake patients who are seemingly without awareness. Still, up to 15% of these patients show signs of covert consciousness when examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or EEG, which is known as cognitive motor dissociation (CMD). Experts often prefer the term unresponsive wakefulness syndrome to avoid the negative connotations associated with vegetative state and to highlight the possibility for CMD. However, the perception of VS/UWS by the public has never been studied systematically.

Methods

Using an online crowdsourcing platform, we recruited 1,297 lay people from 32 countries. We investigated if vegetative state and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome might have a different influence on attitudes towards VS/UWS and the concept of CMD.

Results

Participants randomized to be inquired about the vegetative state believed that CMD was less plausible (mean estimated frequency in unresponsive patients 38.07% ± SD 25.15) than participants randomized to unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (42.29% ± SD 26.63; Cohen’s d 0.164; p = 0.016). Attitudes towards treatment withdrawal were similar. Most participants preferred unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (60.05%), although a sizeable minority favored vegetative state (24.21%; difference 35.84%, 95% CI 29.36 to 41.87; p < 0.0001). Searches on PubMed and Google Trends revealed that unresponsive wakefulness syndrome is increasingly used by academics but not lay people.

Discussion

Simply replacing vegetative state with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may not be fully appropriate given that one of four prefer the first term. We suggest that physicians take advantage of the controversy around the terminology to explain relatives the concept of CMD and its ethical implications.