bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Effects Using Light-Emitting Diode Therapy (LEDT) for Muscle Function during Isometric Exercise in Asthma Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Costa Ivan Peres , Politti Fabiano , Cahalin Lawrence P. , Carvalho Etiene Farah Teixeira de , Costa Dirceu , Corrêa João Carlos Ferrari , Vieira Rodolfo P. , Oliveira-Junior Manoel Carneiro , De Angelis Kátia , Stirbulov Roberto , Dal Corso Simone , de Carvalho Paulo de Tarso , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Arena Ross , Sampaio LucianaMaria Malosá
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acute application of LEDT in improving peripheral muscle performance during isometric exercise in patients with asthma. Eleven patients, with a mean age 38 ± 10, underwent a single LEDT and sham application in the femoral quadriceps’ dominant member (cluster with 50 LED λ = 850 nm, 50 mW, 15 s; 37.5 J), 48 h apart in a randomized crossover design. Before and after LEDT and sham application, the patients were submitted an isometric endurance test (60% of the maximum isometric voluntary contraction), up to the limit of tolerance simultaneous recording of surface electromyography. There were no statistically significant differences between groups at the time of contraction (before 41±14 versus 44±16; after 46±12 versus 45±20 s) during the isometric contraction test and inflammatory markers before and after a single LEDT application. A single application of LEDT in the parameters and dose according to the equipment used in the study were not able to promote differences in the time of contraction and the fatigue response in asthmatic patients. However, the chronic effects of LEDT application for improving muscle performance in these patients are unknown and may present different responses during applications for a long time.
Butyrate Enhances Desensitization Induced by Oral Immunotherapy in Cow’s Milk Allergic Mice
Authors: Vonk Marlotte M. , Blokhuis Bart R. J. , Diks Mara A. P. , Wagenaar Laura , Smit Joost J. , Pieters Raymond H. H. , Garssen Johan , Knippels Léon M. J. , van Esch Betty C. A. M.
Published: January 2019

Background. In previous studies, we showed that a fructo-oligosaccharide- (FOS-) supplemented diet enhanced oral immunotherapy (OIT) efficacy in a mouse model for cow’s milk allergy. Fermentation of FOS by intestinal bacteria leads to production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) including butyrate.Aim. To investigate the contribution of butyrate in the enhanced efficacy of OIT + FOS.Methods. C3H/HeOuJ mice were sensitized and received OIT with or without FOS or butyrate supplementation. After treatment, whole blood was collected to conduct a basophil activation test (BAT) and allergen challenges were performed to measure acute allergic symptoms. CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) were isolated from treated mice or differentiatedin vitroand used in a bone marrow-derived mast cell (BMMC) suppression assay. Cecum content was collected to analyze SCFA concentrations.Results. Allergen-induced basophil activation was reduced in OIT + butyrate samples compared to OIT. Accordingly, the acute allergic skin response and mast cell degranulation upon challenge were reduced in OIT + butyrate and OIT + FOS mice compared to sensitized controls. Butyrate was increased in the cecum content of OIT + FOS mice compared to OIT mice and sensitized controls. Treg-mediated BMMC suppression was enhanced afterin vivobutyrate and FOS exposure in combination with OIT but with a more pronounced effect for butyrate.Conclusion. Butyrate supplementation enhanced OIT-induced desensitization of basophils and mast cells and Treg functionality. Only OIT + FOS treatment induced potential microbial alterations, shown by increased butyrate levels in cecum content. Both butyrate and FOS are promising candidates to improve OIT efficacy in human studies to treat food allergies.
Design and Implementation of a Machine Learning-Based Authorship Identification Model
Authors: Anwar Waheed , Bajwa Imran Sarwar , Ramzan Shabana
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a novel approach is presented for authorship identification in English and Urdu text using the LDA model with n-grams texts of authors and cosine similarity. The proposed approach uses similarity metrics to identify various learned representations of stylometric features and uses them to identify the writing style of a particular author. The proposed LDA-based approach emphasizes instance-based and profile-based classifications of an author’s text. Here, LDA suitably handles high-dimensional and sparse data by allowing more expressive representation of text. The presented approach is an unsupervised computational methodology that can handle the heterogeneity of the dataset, diversity in writing, and the inherent ambiguity of the Urdu language. A large corpus has been used for performance testing of the presented approach. The results of experiments show superiority of the proposed approach over the state-of-the-art representations and other algorithms used for authorship identification. The contributions of the presented work are the use of cosine similarity with n-gram-based LDA topics to measure similarity in vectors of text documents. Achievement of overall 84.52% accuracy on PAN12 datasets and 93.17% accuracy on Urdu news articles without using any labels for authorship identification task is done.
Measurement of Tumor Antioxidant Capacity and Prediction of Chemotherapy Resistance in Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer by Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Greenwood Hannah E. , McCormick Patrick N. , Gendron Thibault , Glaser Matthias , Pereira Raul , Maddocks Oliver D. K. , Sander Kerstin , Zhang Tong , Koglin Norman , Lythgoe Mark F. , Årstad Erik , Hochhauser Daniel , Witney Timothy H.
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

Drug resistance is a major obstacle for the effective treatment of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Currently, there is no satisfactory way to identify patients with HGSOC that are refractive to the standard of care. Here, we propose the system xc− radiotracer (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-l-glutamate ([18F]FSPG) as a non-invasive method to measure upregulated antioxidant pathways present in drug-resistant HGSOC.

Experimental Design:

Using matched chemotherapy sensitive and resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, we assessed their antioxidant capacity and its relation to [18F]FSPG uptake, both in cells and in animal models of human ovarian cancer. We identified the mechanisms driving differential [18F]FSPG cell accumulation and evaluated [18F]FSPG tumor uptake as predictive marker of treatment response in drug-resistant tumors.

Results:

High intracellular glutathione (GSH) and low reactive oxygen species corresponded to decreased [18F]FSPG cell accumulation in drug-resistant versus drug-sensitive cells. Decreased [18F]FSPG uptake in drug-resistant cells was a consequence of changes in intracellular cystine, a key precursor in GSH biosynthesis. In vivo, [18F]FSPG uptake was decreased nearly 80% in chemotherapy-resistant A2780 tumors compared with parental drug-sensitive tumors, with nonresponding tumors displaying high levels of oxidized-to-reduced GSH. Treatment of drug-resistant A2780 tumors with doxorubicin resulted in no detectable change in tumor volume, GSH, or [18F]FSPG uptake.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the ability of [18F]FSPG to detect upregulated antioxidant pathways present in drug-resistant cancer. [18F]FSPG may therefore enable the identification of patients with HGSOC that are refractory to standard of care, allowing the transferal of drug-resistant patients to alternative therapies, thereby improving outcomes in this disease.
NK Cells Expressing a Chimeric Activating Receptor Eliminate MDSCs and Rescue Impaired CAR-T Cell Activity against Solid Tumors
Authors: Parihar Robin , Rivas Charlotte , Huynh Mai , Omer Bilal , Lapteva Natalia , Metelitsa Leonid S. , Gottschalk Stephen M. , Rooney Cliona M.
Published: January 2019

Solid tumors are refractory to cellular immunotherapies in part because they contain suppressive immune effectors such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that inhibit cytotoxic lymphocytes. Strategies to reverse the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) should also attract and activate immune effectors with antitumor activity. To address this need, we developed gene-modified natural killer (NK) cells bearing a chimeric receptor in which the activating receptor NKG2D is fused to the cytotoxic ζ-chain of the T-cell receptor (NKG2D.ζ). NKG2D.ζ–NK cells target MDSCs, which overexpress NKG2D ligands within the TME. We examined the ability of NKG2D.ζ–NK cells to eliminate MDSCs in a xenograft TME model and improve the antitumor function of tumor-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified T cells. We show that NKG2D.ζ–NK cells are cytotoxic against MDSCs, but spare NKG2D ligand–expressing normal tissues. NKG2D.ζ–NK cells, but not unmodified NK cells, secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to MDSCs at the tumor site and improve infiltration and antitumor activity of subsequently infused CAR-T cells, even in tumors for which an immunosuppressive TME is an impediment to treatment. Unlike endogenous NKG2D, NKG2D.ζ is not susceptible to TME-mediated downmodulation and thus maintains its function even within suppressive microenvironments. As clinical confirmation, NKG2D.ζ–NK cells generated from patients with neuroblastoma killed autologous intratumoral MDSCs capable of suppressing CAR-T function. A combination therapy for solid tumors that includes both NKG2D.ζ–NK cells and CAR-T cells may improve responses over therapies based on CAR-T cells alone.
Do Endocannabinoids Regulate Glucose Reabsorption in the Kidney?
Authors: Hinden Liad , Tam Joseph
Published: January 2019

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a distinct manifestation of diabetic kidney disease, affects approximately 30% of patients with diabetes. While most attention has been focused on glomerular changes related to DN, there is growing evidence that tubulopathy is a key feature in the pathogenesis of this disease. The renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) are particularly sensitive to the deleterious effect of chronic hyperglycemia. However, the cellular changes that control the dysfunction of the RPTCs are not fully understood. Controlling glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubules via inhibition of glucose transporters (GLUT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic in ameliorating DN. Overactivation of the renal endocannabinoid (eCB) system via the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) contributes to the development of DN, and its blockade by globally acting or peripherally restricted CB1R antagonists has been shown to ameliorate renal dysfunction in different murine models for diabetes. Recently, we have utilized various pharmacological and genetic tools to show that the eCB/CB1R system contributes to the development of DN via regulating the expression, translocation, and activity of the facilitative GLUT2 located in the RPTCs. These findings have the potential to be translated into therapy, and support the rationale for the preclinical development of novel renal-specific CB1R and/or GLUT2 inhibitors for the treatment of DN.
Locoregional Therapy, Immunotherapy and the Combination in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Future Directions
Authors: Dendy Meaghan S. , Ludwig Johannes M. , Stein Stacey M. , Kim Hyun S.
Published: January 2019

Image-guided locoregional therapies (LRTs) have long been a vital part of treatment regimens for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ablation, chemoembolization, and radioembolization are examples of commonly used treatment techniques for HCC. This review describes the various methods utilized to treat HCC in the field of interventional oncology and also focuses on new and novel treatment concepts being developed in the field including the use of novel immunotherapy agents and combination therapy of LRTs with immunotherapy.
Income Trajectories and Oral Health of Young People in a Life Course Study
Authors: Teixeira Ana Karine Macedo , Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe , Noro Luiz Roberto Augusto
Published: January 2019

Objective: To investigate the impact of the family’s socioeconomic trajectory on the oral health status of young people in the city of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil, and test the hypotheses of the life course theory. Methods: This is a cohort study conducted in 2000, 2006, and 2012. In the third wave, 482 individuals between 17 and 21 years of age were examined and interviewed. The outcomes analyzed were the trajectory of tooth decay (decayed teeth in 2012 and cavity reoccurrence) and the trajectory of dental assistance (immediate dental assistance and untreated caries). The socioeconomic trajectory was measured by the mobility of the family’s income between childhood and youth and the number of episodes of poverty throughout life. Results: The risk of developing decayed teeth in 2012 was greater for those who had always remained poor. Young people who were never poor had fewer decayed teeth in 2012, but more cavity reoccurrence. Downward mobility resulted in less access to immediate dental assistance. More experience of poverty throughout life implied more decayed teeth in 2012 and less immediate dental assistance. Conclusion: The life course hypotheses regarding an influence of socioeconomic mobility and cumulative risk on oral health outcomes in youth were confirmed.
Safety and Efficacy of the Pipeline Embolization Device Use in the Outside Circle of Willis Located Intracranial Aneurysms: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Al Kasab Sami , Guerrero Waldo R. , Nakagawa Daichi , Samaniego Edgar A. , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Hasan David
Published: January 2019

Background: The use of Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat aneurysms located between the petrous and superior hypophyseal segments of the internal carotid artery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of treating aneurysms outside the FDA approved anatomical locations. Furthermore, we analyze the safety of our antiplatelet protocol. Methods: Data on all patients treated with PED at our center from March 2015 to December 2017 were reviewed. Only patients with aneurysms treated with PED as off label use were included. Procedural complications and long-term functional outcome measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were recorded. Tirofiban maintenance infusion was administered intravenously after PED deployment. None of the patients had platelet function testing. Results: A total of 36 patients harboring 36 aneurysms were included in the study. Mean age was 58.2 years ±14.6. Nineteen were women (52.8%) and most aneurysms were unruptured (80.6%). There were no intraoperative complications. Five patients experienced postoperative complications – 4 ischemic strokes and one groin hematoma. None led to any significant disability at follow-up. Thirty-one patients (86.1%) achieved an mRS of 0–2 at follow-up. A Raymond-Roy classification of 1 was achieved in 78.9% of patients. Conclusion: The use of PED to treat aneurysms located outside the circle of Willis is feasible and effective. Our novel antiplatelet protocol did not require platelet function assay testing and did not lead to a higher rate of thrombo-embolic events compared to what has been previously reported.
External Validation of Different Scoring Systems for Suspected Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Tamini Nicolò , Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Gianotti Luca
Published: January 2019

Aim of the Study: The diagnosis of choledocholithiasis is challenging. Previously published scoring systems designed to calculate the risk of choledocholithiasis were evaluated to appraise the diagnostic performance. Patients and Methods: Data of patients who were admitted between 2013 and 2015 with the following characteristics were retrieved: bile stone-related symptoms and signs, and indication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To validate and appraise the performance of the 6 scoring systems, the acknowledged domains of each metrics were applied to the present cohort. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive, Youden index, and receiver operating characteristic curve with the area under the curve (AUC) values of the scores were calculated. Results: Two-hundred patients were analyzed. The highest sensitivity and specificity were obtained from the Menezes’ (96.6%) and Telem’s (99.3%) metrics respectively. The Telem’s and Menezes’ scores had the best positive (75.0%) and negative (96.4%) predictive values respectively. The best accuracy, as computed by the Youden index and AUC, was found for the Soltan’s scoring system (0.628 and 0.88, respectively). Conclusion: The available scoring systems are precise only in identifying patients with a negligible risk of common bile duct stone, but overall insufficiently accurate to suggest the routine use in clinical practice.
Developing and Validating the Educational Materials for a Nurse-Led Self-Management Education in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Azami Golnaz , Soh Kim Lam , Sazlina Shariff-Ghazali , Salmiah Md.Said , Aazami Sanaz , Mozafari Moseyed , Taghinejad Hamid , Badakhsh Behzad
Published: January 2019

Background: Diabetes education and self-care are the cornerstones of diabetes management. There are few nurse-led structured diabetes management programs available in Iran. Objectives: This paper aims to develop and validate a nurse-led diabetes self-management intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: The theoretical framework underpinning the intervention was the Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. The seven basic steps of the Taba model were used to develop and validate the study intervention. Results: The preliminary results from this study suggest that the study intervention was carefully contextualized and linked to the existing diabetes care. Overall, the intervention was very well received and appreciated by the respondents. Conclusion: This was the first known validated nurse-led diabetes self-management intervention available in the Persian Language.
Sex Differences in Acute Complications of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Implications for Patient Safety
Authors: Moore Katherine , Ganesan Anand , Labrosciano Clementine , Heddle William , McGavigan Andrew , Hossain Sadia , Horton Dennis , Hariharaputhiran Saranya , Ranasinghe Isuru
Published: January 2019

Background

To date, limited population‐level studies have examined the impact of sex on the acute complications of cardiac implantable electronic devices (
CIED)
, including permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices.

Methods and Results

We studied all patients aged >18 years from 2010 to 2015 who were a resident of Australia or New Zealand, undergoing a new permanent pacemaker, implantable cardioverter defibrillator
,
or cardiac resynchronization therapy implant. Standardized variables were collected including patient demographic characteristics, primary and secondary diagnoses, procedures performed and discharge status. Diagnoses and procedures were coded as per the
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐10
) and the Australian Classification of Health Interventions. The primary end point was the incidence of major
CIED
‐related complications in‐hospital or within 90 days of discharge, with the effect of sex evaluated using multiple logistic regression. A total of 81 304 new
CIED
(61 658 permanent pacemakers, 12 097 implantable cardioverter defibrillators, 7574 cardiac resynchronization therapy) implants were included (38% women). Overall, 8.5% of women and 8.0% of men experienced a
CIED
complication (
P
=0.008). Differences between women and men remained significant after adjustment for age, procedural acuity, and comorbidities (odds ratio 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.16,
P
<0.001). Differences in
CIED
complication rates were primarily driven by excess rate of in‐hospital pleural drainage (1.2% women versus 0.6% men,
P
<0.001; adjusted odds ratio 1.86, 95% CI: 1.59–2.17,
P
<0.001) and pericardial drainage (0.3% women versus 0.1% men,
P
<0.001; adjusted odds ratio 2.17, 95% CI: 1.48–3.18,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Women are at higher risk of acute
CIED
complications. Improvements in implant technique and technologies are required to minimize the risk of implant‐related complications in women.
Clinical Determinants and Prognostic Implications of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Prins Kurt W. , Rose Lauren , Archer Stephen L. , Pritzker Marc , Weir E. Kenneth , Olson Matthew D. , Thenappan Thenappan
Published: January 2019

Background

Patients with pulmonary hypertension caused by chronic lung disease (Group 3
PH
) have disproportionate right ventricle (
RV
) dysfunction, but the correlates and clinical implications of
RV
dysfunction in Group 3
PH
are not well defined.

Methods and Results

We performed a cohort study of 147 Group 3
PH
patients evaluated at the University of Minnesota.
RV
systolic function was quantified using right ventricular fractional area change (
RVFAC
) and
+
dP
/dt
max
/instantaneous pressure. Tau and
RV
diastolic stiffness characterized
RV
diastolic function. Multivariate linear regression was used to define correlates of
RVFAC
. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to examine freedom from heart failure hospitalization and death. Positive correlates of
RVFAC
on univariate analysis were pulmonary arterial compliance, cardiac index, and left ventricular diastolic dimension. Conversely, male sex, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, heart rate, right atrial enlargement, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance were negative correlates. Male sex was the strongest predictor of lower
RVFAC
, after adjusting for pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial compliance. When comparing sexes, males had lower
RVFAC
(26% versus 31%,
P
=0.03) both overall and for any given mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance value. Males exhibited a reduction in
+
dP
/dt
max
/instantaneous pressure as pulmonary vascular resistance increased, whereas females did not. There were no sex differences in
RV
diastolic function.
RV
dysfunction (
RVFAC
<28%) was associated with increased risk of heart failure hospitalization or death (hazard ratio: 1.84, 95%
CI
: 1.04–3.10,
P
=0.035).

Conclusions

Male sex is associated with
RV
dysfunction in Group 3
PH
, even after adjusting for
RV
afterload.
RV
dysfunction (
RVFAC
<28%) identifies Group 3
PH
patients at risk for poor outcomes.
Three new species of Periploma (Bivalvia, Periplomatidae) from the Panamic Province
Authors: VALENTICH-SCOTT PAUL , COAN EUGENE V.
Published: January 2019

While preparing a manual on the marine bivalves of the Panamic Province, we have found three species of the Periplomatidae that lack names. In this paper, we describe two new species from Mexico, Periploma skoglundae and P. hendrickxi, and one new species from El Salvador, P. kaiserae.
Notes on the species of the genus Hyadina from China (Diptera: Ephydridae)
Authors: ZHOU DAN , ZHANG JUNHUA , YANG DING
Published: January 2019

Two species of Hyadina Haliday, H. pulchella Miyagi and H. guttata (Fallén), are recorded from China for the first time and are redescribed. Their male genitalia are illustrated in detail. The first species, H. pulchella Miyagi occurs in both Oriental and Palaearctic China. The second species, H. guttata (Fallén) is found in Palaearctic China. A key is presented to separate the six known species from China.
Description of a new Amblystira (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Argentina with a key to the South American species of the genus
Authors: MONTEMAYOR SARA I.
Published: January 2019

Amblystira Stål is a new world American genus comprising nineteen species, most of them distributed in Central and South America. Nine species have been recorded from South America, and only Amblystira silvicola Drake is known from Argentina (Drake & Ruhoff, 1965). Members of the genus are dark, the cephalic spines are generally absent or poorly developed, the hood is absent, the paranota are scarcely developed or absent as well as the lateral pronotal carinae, the discoidal area is short not reaching the middle of the hemelytra, and the costal area is slender. The only member of the genus that has been recorded as a pest is Amblystira machalana Van Duzee, commonly known as “black lacebug”, which feeds on cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, an important crop of South America. Arias & Belloti (2003) studied the life cycle, behavior, and damage caused by A. machalana on M. esculenta. (Guilbert, 2005) described the fifth instar of Amblystira peltogyne Drake & Hambleton.
Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology
Authors: WÄGELE HEIKE , STEMMER KRISTINA , BURGHARDT INGO , HÄNDELER KATHARINA
Published: January 2019

Two new sacoglossan species, belonging to the genus Ercolania Trinchese, 1872 (Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.) and the genus Elysia Risso, 1818 (Elysia asbecki sp. nov.) are described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Anatomy of both species was reconstructed by analyzing histological serial sections. Radula morphology was investigated by using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Sequence analyses (NeighborNet; sequence divergence) and tree reconstructions showed for both species their distinction from con-generic species, but also two distinct mitochondrial lines in the new Ercolania species. Adults as well as freshly hatched juveniles of E. annelyleorum sp. nov. have been found in clusters of the ulvophycean alga Boodlea sp., which are sucked out by piercing the cell walls with their radular teeth. This new species differs from other, similar transparent, Ercolania species by its pattern of the green branches of the digestive gland and the presence of two distinct red patches, one in the anterior and the other in the posterior third of the dorsal body part. This coloration and furthermore the combination of following characters distinguishes the new species from all other described Ercolania species so far: rhinophores, elliptic in cross section, with one distinct branch of digestive gland running half way up; cerata not inflated; smooth cutting edge of sabot-shaped tooth; two-lobed prostate gland and presence of two allosperm receptacles with no re-opening of the receptaculum seminis to the outside. According to sequence divergence data of CO1, two mitochondrial lines seem to be present in the new species, which are clearly distinct from all other included Ercolania species. Elysia asbecki sp. nov. differs from other Elysia species by its whitish coloration with orange and dark brown dots and a distinct lighter spot in the neck region of the head. The rhinophores exhibit a black and yellow ribbon at the tip. The species has distinct reddish patches at the anterior base of the parapodia (at the conjunction with the head), one along the middle part of the parapodial edge on both sides and very distinct lateral patches at the end of the foot. CO1 sequences clearly distinguish this species from all closely related Elysia species. The food source of Elysia asbecki sp. nov. could not be verified yet. Measurements of photosynthetic activity within these two new species indicate that E. annelyleorum sp. nov. digests chloroplasts immediately after sequestration, whereas Elysia asbecki sp. nov. shows high maximum quantum yield values, similar to E. timida (Risso, 1818) and E. crispata (Mørch, 1863), both known as long term retention forms.
A new eucryptodiran turtle from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China
Authors: ZHOU CHANG-FU
Published: January 2019

A new eucryptodiran turtle from the Jiufotang Formation of Lamadong, Jianchang County, represents the third turtle taxon, Liaochelys jianchangensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Jehol Biota of western Liaoning Province, China. This taxon is diagnosed by a character combination including a midline contact of the prefrontals, vertebrals wider than long, third costals strongly expanded distally, and a medial contact of the eighth costals. A preliminary cladistic analysis places Liaochelys jianchangensis along the phylogenetic stem of Cryptodira in a position more derived than the taxa, Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis and Ordosemys liaoxiensis, known from the underlying Yixian Formation. This discovery opens a new window into the osteology and evolution of primitive eucryptodiran turtles.
A new classification of the Galatheoidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)
Authors: AHYONG SHANE T. , BABA KEIJI , MACPHERSON ENRIQUE , POORE GARY C. B.
Published: January 2019

The high level classification of the Galatheoidea, popularly known as squat lobsters, has been relatively stable for almost a century. Multiple recent studies of their interrelationships, however, have revealed significant incongruities between the traditional classification and phylogeny. The Aeglidae, Chirostylidae and Kiwaidae were recently removed to other superfamilies. On the basis of previous phylogenetic analyses, we herein revise the higher classification of the remaining Galatheoidea to comprise four families: Galatheidae, Munididae fam. nov., Munidopsidae, and Porcellanidae. The galatheoid families are both morphologically and ecologically distinct. Members of the Munidopsidae are distinguished by the absence or reduction of the maxilliped 1 flagellum and usually occur in outer slope or abyssal habitats. Members of the Munididae fam. nov. are united by the trifid or trispinous anterior margin of the carapace and usually occur at outer shelf or slope depths. The Galatheidae includes primarily shallow water species, united by a broad, triangular rostrum, and is most closely related to the porcelain crabs, Porcellanidae. The families of the Galatheoidea are diagnosed and a diagnostic key provided. Extant and fossil genera are listed for each galatheoid squat lobster family.
A review of the eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on Rubus spp. in Britain, with a new species (Diptilomiopidae) and two new records
Authors: PYE DANIEL R. L. , DE LILLO ENRICO
Published: January 2019

A new vagrant species of eriophyoid mite, Asetadiptacus acarubri n. sp., is described and illustrated from Rubus fruticosus (Rosaceae) in Britain, a key to the world species of Asetadiptacus is provided, and Anthocoptes rubicolens Roivainen and Trimeroptes rubi Bagdasarian are recorded from Britain for the first time. In addition, Acalitus essigi (Hassan) and Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nalepa) are reported from R. fruticosus and Rubus sp., respectively. Collection details, distribution and host plant symptoms are provided, together with digital micrographs of the prodorsal shield and coxigenital region of a female from each species discussed. A review of the other eriophyoid mite species hitherto recorded in Britain from Rubus is also provided.
A new genus and new species of hermit crab (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae) from the eastern tropical Pacific
Authors: AYÓN-PARENTE MANUEL , HENDRICKX MICHEL E.
Published: January 2019

Tetralobistes gen. nov., a presently monotypic genus of hermit crab of the family Diogenidae, is described to accommodate a new species, Tetralobistes bicentenarius sp. nov. In many characters, Tetralobistes gen. nov. is similar to Areopaguristes Rahayu & McLaughlin, 2010, Paguristes Dana, 1851, and Pseudopaguristes Mclaughlin, 2002. However, it differs most significantly in the morphology of the male first pleopods and lacks male second and female first pleopods. The most conspicuous character separating Tetralobistes gen. nov. from the other three genera is the shape of the telson, with a typical subdivided (four-lobes) posterior margin.
Description of a new species of Athanas Leach, 1814 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from Madagascar and Japan
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , KOMAI TOMOYUKI
Published: January 2019

A new species of alpheid shrimp, Athanas ahyongi sp. nov., is described based on two type specimens from Nosy-Bé, Madagascar, and one additional specimen from Okinawa, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. The new species differs from all other species of Athanas by a unique combination of morphological features, mostly on the frontal region and chelipeds, and has a very characteristic colour pattern. The specimens from Nosy-Bé were collected from burrows of unknown hosts, suggesting a commensal life style.
Titanobochica, surprising discovery of a new cave-dwelling genus from southern Portugal (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Bochicidae)
Authors: REBOLEIRA ANA SOFIA P. S. , ZARAGOZA JUAN A. , GONÇALVES FERNANDO , OROMÍ PEDRO
Published: January 2019

The new genus Titanobochica is described for Titanobochica magna sp. nov. from caves of the Algarve karstic massif, in Portugal. The new genus is assigned to the family Bochicidae and its particular characteristics and geographical isolation suggest a relictual condition. A key to the genera of Bochicidae is provided. The composition of the cave-dwelling fauna of the Algarve province is also discussed.
Description of a new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 from the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil (Anura, Leiuperidae)
Authors: TOLEDO LUÍS FELIPE
Published: January 2019

I describe here a new species of Pseudopaludicola (P. serrana) found in the southern limits of the Espinhaço mountain range in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This new species is related to P. saltica and P. murundu and can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) long hindlimbs and absence of T-shaped terminal phalanges, (2) single, dark, and subgular vocal sac with dark longitudinal folds in males; (3) immaculate to light brown, nuptial pads in males that cover the external part of finger I; (4) SVL/HL greater than 2.7; and (5) advertisement call with dominant frequency above 5 kHz, pulse duration range between 13 and 23 ms, and mean interval between notes of 177 ms. Tadpoles and the advertisement call are also described.
Reexamination of the five species of Blaberidae deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: LOPES SONIA MARIA , DE OLIVEIRA EDIVAR HEEREN , KHOURI ANDRÉA
Published: January 2019

The family Blaberidae is diverse, including large wingless, brachypterous, or fully winged species. Wings of the fully winged species have many-branched veins and reach beyond the apex of the abdomen. Some species are smaller and green in color. These cockroaches are more than 40mm long; species have front femora with 1 to 3 spines on the ventroposterior margin and 1 at the tip; and lack arolia. The females of Blaberidae possess a brood sac, wherein the ootheca or loose eggs are retained until the eggs hatch (ovoviviparity). The phylogeny of roach families was explored by McKittrick (1964), Grandcolas (1994, 1996), Kambhampati (1996) and Klass (1997, 1998, 2001) (Grimaldi & Engel, 2004). We update knowledge of five species of Blaberidae from Brazil, based on a literature review and examination of the Blattaria collection in the Department of Entomology at the Museu Nacional of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ).
Two new species of Guitonia Garth & Iliffe, 1992 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae) from the central and western Pacific Ocean
Authors: LASLEY JR. ROBERT MURRAY , MENDOZA JOSE CHRISTOPHER E. , NG PETER K. L.
Published: January 2019

Two new species of the previously monotypic xanthid crab genus Guitonia Garth & Iliffe, 1992, are described from Guam and the Hawaiian Is. The male characters for the genus are described and illustrated for the first time. Guitonia paulayi n. sp., and G. leimomi n. sp., can be distinguished from G. troglophila Garth & Iliffe, 1992, and from each other by characters of the carapace, chelae, ambulatory legs, thoracic sternum, male abdomen and male gonopods. With the addition of the two new species and a rediagnosis of G. troglophila, a redescription of the genus, as well as a discussion of its affinities within the Xanthidae, are provided.
A new species of Mesokalliapseudes Lang, 1956 (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Kalliapseudidae) from Puerto Rico, with remarks on the genus
Authors: DRUMM DAVID T. , MORALES-NÚÑEZ ANDRÉS G.
Published: January 2019

A new kalliapseudid species, Mesokalliapseudes quadriflagellata n. sp. from Puerto Rico is described and illustrated. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characteristics: 1) rounded rostrum, 2) pereonites lacking anterolateral apophyses, 3) fixed finger of cheliped two-thirds or more the length of the dactylus, and 4) serrate spiniform seta on the basis of pereopod 1. It is unique in having the inner flagellum of the antennule with 4 articles (all other congeners have 3 articles). Remarks on the genus Mesokalliapseudes are presented.
Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: LUCKY ANDREA , WARD PHILIP S.
Published: January 2019

The ants of the genus Leptomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), commonly called ‘spider ants’, are distinctive members of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae and prominent residents of intact wet forest and sclerophyll habitats in eastern Australia, New Caledonia and New Guinea. This revision redresses pervasive taxonomic problems in this genus by using a combination of morphology and molecular data to define species boundaries and clarify nomenclature. Twenty-seven Leptomyrmex species are recognized and are informally split into two groups: the macro-Leptomyrmex (21 species), and its sister group, the micro-Leptomyrmex (six species). Nine subspecies are elevated to species status: L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915, L. geniculatus Emery 1914, L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934, L. nigriceps Emery 1914, L. rothneyi Forel 1902, L. ruficeps Emery 1895, L. rufipes Emery 1895, L. rufithorax Forel 1915 and L. tibialis Emery 1895. Nineteen new synonymies are proposed (senior synonyms listed first): L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus venustus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus brunneiceps Wheeler 1934; L. darlingtoni Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni fascigaster Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni jucundus Wheeler 1934; L. erythrocephalus (Fabricius 1775) = L. froggatti Forel 1910 =4 · Zootaxa 2688 © 2010 Magnolia PressL. erythrocephalus mandibularis Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus unctus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus clarki Wheeler 1934; L. fragilis (F. Smith 1859) = L. fragilis femoratus Santschi 1932 = L. fragilis maculatus Stitz 1938 = L. wheeleri Donisthorpe 1948; L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934 = L. contractus Donisthorpe 1947; L. niger Emery 1900 = L. lugubris Wheeler 1934; L. rufipes Emery 1895 = L. quadricolor Wheeler 1934; L. rufithorax Forel 1915 = L. erythrocephalus basirufus Wheeler 1934; L. tibialis Emery 1895 = L. nigriventris hackeri Wheeler 1934; L. varians Emery 1895 = L. erythrocephalus decipiens Wheeler 1915 = L. varians angusticeps Santschi 1929; L. wiburdi Wheeler 1915 = L. wiburdi pictus Wheeler 1915. Tools for identification of the macro-Leptomyrmex species include a revised species-level key based on the worker caste, keys to males in Australia and New Guinea, full descriptions of workers, images of known workers, males and queens, and illustration of male genitalia. Phylogenetic relationships among the macroand micro- Leptomyrmex species are discussed, as is the status of a putative fossil relative.
Automatic sorting system for industrial robot with 3D visual perception and natural language interaction
Authors: Lin Yunhan , Zhou Haotian , Chen Mingyu , Min Huasong
Published: January 2019

With the development of the technologies such as computer vision, natural language interaction, process control technology, and sensor technology, the discussion of automatic sorting system of robot hits a hotspot in the robot community. This paper presents an automatic sorting system for industrial robot with the technologies of 3D visual perception, natural language interaction and automatic programming. Therein, a ‘rule-scene’ matching and interaction algorithm is proposed to combine all these modules together. By utilising our algorithm, robot can interact with human beings according to the real-time actual three-dimensional scene information and can guide users to give correct rules through speech when the rule is invalid. After getting the correct rules, robot can sort the object automatically using the automatic programming and execution algorithm designed in this study. In the experimental section, the designed system is applied to a fruit-sorting scene, which proves the effectiveness and practicability of the system.
Why is it so hard to take lawful strike action in Australia?
Authors: McCrystal Shae
Published: January 2019

This current controversy analyses the legal impediments to taking lawful strike action for workers in Australia, reviewing the components of the regulatory system that combine to restrict access to strike action for Australian workers. The discussion explores the flaws underlying the enactment of the right to strike, the limitations surrounding the definition of industrial action, the prerequisites to lawful strike action including the problems that arise from the pre-strike ballots regime, the grounds on which lawful strike action can be stopped, and the consequences of getting it wrong. The picture presented by the legal regime for strike action is that the impact of the regime is greater than the sum of its parts – making it very difficult to strike even for the most seasoned industrial players. It is possible that strike regulation in Australia has reached a tipping point whereby the costs associated with getting it right may now be so high that simply abandoning the lawful path and engaging in unlawful strike action may be more appealing than complying with the law.
Otolaryngology Resident Reviewer Development Program: Lessons Learned from Cohort 1
Authors: Schmalbach Cecelia E.
Published: January 2019

Objective

To implement a quality improvement project addressing the knowledge gap in the otolaryngology resident and fellow scientific peer review process.

Methods

The creation of the Resident Reviewer Development Program, cohort 1 outcomes, and subsequent lessons learned from the inaugural class are outlined using the plan‐do‐study‐act model. Interested otolaryngology residents were paired with seasoned reviewers and conducted a minimum of 3 mentored peer reviews followed by an independent review test if competency was determined.

Results

Twenty‐five residents (postgraduate years [PGYs] 2‐5) were actively enrolled in cohort 1. At 24 months, 18 (72%) graduated, 6 remained actively enrolled, and 1 did not successfully complete the program. The median number of practice reviews prior to testing was 3 (range, 3‐6). The median independent review score was 83 (overall journal mean = 78). Cohort 1 graduates continued on to review 130 articles with a mean score of 85. Five (28%) graduates achieved Star Reviewer status.

Discussion

The inaugural cohort demonstrated that the PGY‐3 and PGY‐4 class is ideal for enrollment given that completion of the program could take up to 24 months. Three mentored reviews were identified as the ideal minimum requirement for education. The accelerated achievement of Star Reviewer status (28%) and mean postgraduation score of 85 demonstrate successful and sustainable outcome measures.

Implications for Practice

With appropriate mentorship and administrative support, scientific peer review can be formally incorporated into an educational program. Lessons learned during the educational program are sustained long term as demonstrated by review scores and Star Reviewer status.
The Use of Orbital Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia in Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Wishaw K. , Billington D. , O'Brien D. , Davies P.
Published: January 2019

A prospective double-blind study compared the analgesic effectiveness of peribulbar lignocaine with peribulbar morphine and lignocaine for postoperative analgesia in pterygium surgery. Twenty patients were randomly divided to receive a peribulbar injection preoperatively of either 1% lignocaine 2 ml or 1% lignocaine 1.6 ml and 4 mg morphine. Effects on pain at injection and pain at 24 hours and 48 hours postoperatively were measured with a visual analog pain scale. Effects of the injections on sedation, pupil size and unwanted side-effects were also recorded. The groups were comparable for age, weight and surgical technique. There was a significantly lower pain score at 24 hours after operation in the morphine group (P=0.035). There were no significant differences in sedation or side-effects between the groups. The physiological effects of morphine on the eye are reviewed. The study suggests that orbital morphine may be an effective and safe form of analgesia for corneal surgery and further investigation is warranted.
Submental Intubation: An Alternative to Short-Term Tracheostomy
Authors: Chandu A. , Smith A. C. H. , Gebert R.
Published: January 2019

Surgeons, anaesthetists and intensivists need to be reminded of an alternative to tracheostomy in the management of patients with severe maxillofacial injuries. The technique and indications for submental intubation are described.
Anaesthetic Management of a Parturient with a Colloid Cyst of the Third Ventricle
Authors: Reade M. C. , Scott D. M.
Published: January 2019

A colloid cyst in the third ventricle near the foramen of Monroe can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow from the lateral ventricles. Any change in the CSF pressure on either side of the cyst can lead to displacement and thus precipitate acute hydrocephalus. Management of the confinement of a patient with a colloid cyst must therefore aim to minimize changes in CSF pressure. We describe our management of a patient with a small colloid cyst who was permitted to labour with the assistance of patient-controlled epidural analgesia. The available alternatives are discussed.
Filters in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
Authors: Tyagi A. , Kumar R. , Bhattacharya A. , Sethi A. K.
Published: January 2019

The use of various types of filters in anaesthesia and intensive care seems ubiquitous, yet authentication of the practice is scarce and controversies abound. This review examines evidence for the practice of using filters with blood and blood product transfusion (standard blood filter, microfilter, leucocyte depletion filter), infusion of fluids, breathing systems, epidural catheters, and at less common sites such as with Entonox inhalation in non-intubated patients, forced air convection warmers, and air-conditioning systems. For most filters, the literature failed to support routine usage, despite this seemingly being popular and innocuous. The controversies, as well as guidelines if available, for each type of filter, are discussed. The review aims to rationalize the place of various filters in the anaesthesia and intensive care environment.
Chaotic Sepsis and the Magic Bullet
Authors: Cameron R. J. , Sleigh J. W.
Published: January 2019

All physiological systems have complex interactions— both intrinsic and with external systems. Sepsis is an archetypal example of a self-regulating complex system, with multiple cascading non-linear interactions and feedbacks, acting in series and in parallel, to form a “scale-free” network. The process of sepsis may be modelled in terms of complexity theory as an iterative progression from a stable, homeostatic pathway or attractor to an unstable attractor of immunological dissonance and death. Given the convolutions of the septic attractor, complexity theory neatly explains why so many “magic bullet” therapies for sepsis have failed when given alone, since reductionist approaches which test individual treatments one at a time are highly unlikely to be effective in isolation. A new methodology of synchronously testing multiple therapies needs to be developed.