bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoplasma as a Hemostatic Agent for Endoscopic Surgery of Hollow Organs
Authors: Bochkova T. V. , Gainullin A. Kh.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. To maximize the effectiveness of hemostatic technologies, it is necessary to optimize local hemostasis through hybrid and controlled approaches, as well as to improve the conditions for tissue surgical dissection preventing perforation of hollow organs. This study is aimed at assessing the efficacy of stopping bleeding and the safety of resection of digestive hollow organs in experimental models of trauma to abdominal organs in laboratory animals.

Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out in vivo on 20 rabbits. All animals were divided into 4 experimental groups (5 animals each): I — the control group, in which no methods for stopping bleeding were used; II — the group, in which infiltration of the wall of a hollow organ with saline solution was used; III — the group, in which physical hemostasis was applied using an electrosurgical unit and an argon plasma coagulation apparatus; IV — the group, animals in which underwent controlled local biological hemostasis using autoplasma. Prior to laparotomy, 2–3 ml of whole blood was taken from the rabbit’s ear for preliminary preparation of autoplasma. The prepared autoplasma was introduced into the area of resection or other operation of the mucous membrane of the rabbit’s digestive tract.

Results and discussion. Although no statistical difference in the time of stopping bleeding was observed between the control (I) and saline (II) groups, one more episode of bleeding was noted in group II. Preventive local administration of autoplasma (group IV) was established to have a high hemostatic potential. As expected, electrocoagulation was more effective than saline; however, hemostasis achieved by means of argon plasma coagulation is characterized by rapid formation of a necrotic zone, which may lead to undesirable consequences in the long-term period.

Conclusion. Preventive local administration of autoplasma and recombinant human protein has a high hemostatic potential in animals. In comparison, electrocoagulation is less effective due to the rapid filling of the pathological focus with blood.
Dermatoscopy in Dermato-Oncology: Current State and Perspectives
Authors: Khismatullina Z. R. , Chebotaryov V. V. , Babenko E. A.
Published: November 2020

Visual examination of skin neoplasms remains a completely subjective method of diagnosis and requires instrumental confirmation, which is particularly relevant with malignant neoplasms. The review describes the diagnostic capacities and perspectives of dermatoscopy in dermato-oncological practice as a diagnostic method with an increasingly common clinical application. Success of dermatoscopy is evident from the modern publication corpus, with its high content referring to dermatoscopy as the main examination method in skin tumours. This diagnostic method is presently considered among the major tools for surface skin neoplasm imaging. Dermatoscopy enables an innocuous repeated spot examination of skin to monitor the tumour progression, clinical dynamics and treatment outcome. Modern dermatoscopy has facilitated both the reduction in surgical rate (provided a timely malignancy diagnosis) and progress in non-invasive treatment, such as topical drugs and photodynamic therapy.
Oncological Care During the Covid-19 Pandemic (Literature Review)
Authors: Gantsev Sh. Kh. , Menshikov K. V.
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study was to review the international experience in providing oncological care during the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature search was conducted across the Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary and PubMed databases to select publications dealing with various aspects reflecting the state and capacity of oncological care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research sample included 44 articles meeting the selection criteria.

The new coronavirus, known as SARS-Cov-, has become a worldwide threat and a serious health problem in 2020. The pandemic of this infection has had an impact on the management of cancer patients. According to studies conducted in China and the United States, patients with malignancies are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. This has led many oncologists to change their daily cancer treatment practices. An individual approach should be taken when considering the potential risk and beneficial effects of anticancer therapy in the population of cancer patients. A decision to delay the onset of cancer therapy should be made on an individual basis. Strict adherence to sanitary and epidemiological rules, as well as minimization of outpatient visits, can reduce the number of the infected and prevent the spread of the disease among cancer patients. Telemedicine consultations, which allow infectious exposures to be reduced, can be an option of choice.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND TLC-BIOAUTOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVE FRACTIONS OF Muntingia calabura L. LEAVES AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mawardi Rizky H. , Sulistyani Nanik , Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah , Desyratnaputri Ricke
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and TLC-bioautography profile of the active fractions of Muntingia calabura L. leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. Muntingia calabura L. leaves were macerated with ethanol 96% then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent, respectively. The antibacterial activity was tested by the Kirby-Bauer method to determine the most active fraction and the lowest concentration that inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. TLC-bioautography was tested using chloroform: ethyl acetate (2:8) as the mobile phase and silica gel F254 as the stationary phase. Antibacterial activity test of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions at a concentration of 10% w/v showed activities with inhibition zone diameter of 0.33±0.288 and 9.66±5.77 mm, respectively. At the same time, the methanol fraction showed no activity. The lowest concentration of ethyl acetate fraction which still showed the inhibition zone was 0.312% w/v. The TLC-bioautography profile showed active spots with an Rf value of 0.82 and had an inhibitory zone diameter of 4.013±0.864 mm. It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction that inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and had one active spot on the bioautography test.
CORRELATION AMONG SLEEP DURATION, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL OF MORANGAN PEOPLE, SINDUMARTANI, NGEMPLAK, SLEMAN
Authors: Wikanendra Gregorius Bhaskara , Suhadi Rita , Setiawan Christianus Heru , Virginia Dita Maria , Hendra Phebe , Fenty Fenty
Published: November 2020

Sleep deprivation is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. There was a high prevalence of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes in Morangan, Yogyakarta Province. This study aims at studying the correlation between sleep duration, systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose levels of people in Morangan. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in cooperation with a public health care program for people in Morangan. Data collection was done using a questionnaire and health screening procedure during the public health care program. Collected data were covering aspects of systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, sleep duration, and sleep habit. There was a high prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (>130mmHg; 66.04%) and high fasting blood glucose level (>100mg/dL; 39.62%) in Morangan people. There was a significantly positive correlation between sleep duration and systolic blood pressure (p:0.024; r:0.31) but no significant correlation between sleep duration and fasting blood glucose level. The major contributing habits towards sleep deprivation were caffeine consumption and medium pre-sleep routine. The result of this research will provide help in designing an education program for people of Morangan in preventing and treating high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes.
Analysis of constraints and innovation of chemistry experiment implementation in high school in Deli Serdang, Indonesia
Authors:   Chemistry Education Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Namira Fathia , Azura Wan ,   Chemistry Education Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Miranda Ayu ,   Chemistry Education Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Nisa Hamidatun ,   Chemistry Education Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Silaban Saronom ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Dwi Suyanti Retno ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia, Darmana Ayi ,   Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Indonesia
Published: November 2020

Practical activities play an important role in science education. Through it, students develop a deeper understanding of standing theoretical concepts, skill, utilization of technology, and methods for investigation with direct manipulation of related materials. Effective use of laboratories is one of the requirements in learning chemistry, especially in experiment material. However, problems that are often encountered in learning in the laboratory are laboratory management which includes the procurement process, application process, and the maintenance process. The research method used was observation, document recording and interview with all chemistry teachers and students at Labuhan Deli Senior High School and Percut Sei Tuan Senior High School, District of Deli Serdang, Indonesia. Stages in the research of this are (1) observation based on National Education Standards, (2) observation of chemistry experiments implementation, (3) observation of constraint and problems laboratory at school, and (4) determine alternative solution. The result showed that area of chemistry laboratory has suitable with BSNP standart, but the standard of facilities and infrastructure category reference scale (PAP), showed less category results. So the settlement by researchers on this problem is to do a simple practicum that can be done in an open space or using the technology (virtual laboratory) to increase the students’ skill in industrial 4.0.
Separation of Sb (V) and Sb (III) antimony compounds using anion exchange chromatography technique
Authors:   Department of Chemistry , Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, 20221, Indonesia, Herlinawati Herlinawati , Buchari Buchari ,   Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Bachri Amran M. ,   Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Published: November 2020

Separation of Sb (V) and Sb (III) antimony compounds using anion exchange chromatography technique have been done. To obtain the separation of Sb (V) and Sb (III) antimony compounds which is good in this study have been studied several parameters of separation in anion exchange chromatography technique. Parameters that influence the process of separation of Sb (V) and Sb (III) antimony compounds is the concentration and pH of the mobile phase (eluent) have been evaluated. The separation of Sb (V) and Sb (III) antimony compounds is good and optimum obtained using an eluent 200 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7 with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Based on the optimum conditions for the separation of Sb (V) and Sb (III) antimony compounds with anion exchange chromatography method has generated value the capacity factor (k ') Sb (V) and Sb (III) obtained are respectively 1.77 and 3.01. While the value of selectivity (α), Number of theoretical plates (N) and Resolution (Rs) obtained are respectively 1.70; 369.48; and 1.48.
Types and Influence of Customs in Modern Russian Legal System
Authors: Biryukov Sergey , Evstratov Alexander
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The significance of this work is due to the widespread existence of customs as regulators

of public life, which play an important role in determining the rules of conduct in people's relationships with

each other, as well as the presence of conflicts between the provisions of legal acts and the established order

reflected in customs. Purpose. The purpose is to present and describe some customs that exist in modern

Russian realities, to illustrate them with examples, and analyze their correlation with current legislation.

Methodology. The authors used formal-legal method, formal-logical method, system approach, analysis,

synthesis, comparative method. Results. This article presents some classifications of customs recognized in

legal science. The most relevant types of customs for the Russian legal system are considered, and examples

are given that demonstrate their regulatory nature. It is studied that along with national customs, which are

traditionally given significant importance, there are also other, not less important customs, such as professional

ones. Various opinions of scientists whose works are directly related to the topic of this article are presented,

studied and compared. Conclusion. On the basis of analyzed in this article jurisprudence, legal acts and

opinions of expert the following conclusions were made: firstly, we cannot deny the significant role of customs

as regulators of human behavior, which is especially important for those regions where customs, not the laws

was the key (the only) regulator of social life, and secondly, it is noted that the habit, which is practiced may

even be contrary to the legislation, but, nevertheless, to continue to operate and apply. Finally, we described

the custom as one of the elements that "allow us to find a fair solution", which in the future may allow to

continue studying the custom and the possibilities of its application in today's constantly changing world.
The Role of the State in Preservation of the Law in the Works of Police Scientists
Authors: Biyushkina Nadezhda
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The relevance of this scientific article is due to the fact that the problem of law

enforcement is directly related to the protection of the rights and freedoms of the individual, the successful

development of individual social groups and society as a whole. Purpose. The authors set a goal to analyze the

views of such researchers as R. von Mol, N. Delamar, I.T. Tarasov, I.E. Andreevsky, V.F. Deryuzhinsky,

N.N. Belyavsky, V.M. Hesse and others on a number of major problems: the tasks of the police in law

enforcement, the correlation of concepts: “law and order” and “deanery”, measures of police control and

supervision, issues of combating criminal and political crime. Methodology. In preparing the scientific article, a

system of methods for studying legal reality was used (general scientific methods: synthesis, analysis,

deduction, induction, system-structural method; private scientific methods: dogmatic method, historical and

legal method, comparative legal method, chronological method, retrospective analysis method). Results. In

the course of the research, it turned out that for police scientists, the idea of the decisive role of the state in

protecting the rule of law is characteristic. Conclusion. In their writings, police scientists emphasize the idea

that the role of the state in the protection of the rule of law lies in the multifaceted activities of the police

authorities, performing the protective function of the state. The concept of law and order during the study

period was inseparable from the term “deanery” and constituted its legal basis. The goal of the state in the

representation of power and society XVIII – beg. XX centuries there was an idea of a common good, repeatedly

proclaimed both in legislative acts and in the writings of police researchers.
Concession Agreements in Heat Supply
Authors: Makarova Lidia , Nevzgodina Elena
Published: November 2020

Introduction. In the West, concessions are the most common form of public-private partnership in such

sectors of the economy as telecommunications and communications (60 %), energy production and distribution

(19 %), transport (18 %), and water supply (3 %). As a form of public-private partnership concession

agreement pursues the goal of involving private investment in the creation, reconstruction, modernization of

socially significant publicly owned facilities. Based on public interests, government will determines the goals and

parameters of the concession project and takes control over its using, and the concessionaire takes on

operational activities (development, financing, creation, use, management, provision of services to consumers).

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to conduct concessions, including the content concluding, amending and

terminating a concession agreement in the field of heat supply. Methodology. Achieving this goal was

achieved through the use of general scientific and particular scientific research methods: dialectical, formal

logical, systemic-structural, comparative legal, technical-legal, linguistic, scientific analysis method. Results.

The historical aspect of the formation of the concession and the analysis of concession models leads to the

conclusion that this legal framework is the most effective alternative of public-private partnership in relation to

socially significant infrastructure facilities. Conclusion. Today, there is a process of implementation of the

concession mechanism in Russia, the state is interested in partnerships with private capital in weak investment

areas. However, society and business have incomplete understanding of the essence of the concession, the

practice of its application. The transition to a concession system means a change in the essence of relations

between the state and business in both legal and economic contexts. The implementation form of the

concession agreement should fix the balance and mutual interest of the parties in the application of the most

effective, modern and technological methods of construction, reconstruction and use of facilities, as well as the

provision of quality services to consumers.
2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Kazakhs in the Eurasian Space: History, Culture and Socio-Cultural Processes”
Authors: Akhmetova Sholpan K. , Tolpeko Irina V. , Ilyina Anna A.
Published: November 2020

Information about the 2nd International scientific and practical conference “Kazakhs in the Eurasian space: history, culture and socio-cultural processes”, held on November 5-6, 2019 in Omsk, is presented. The event was dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Kazakh national cultural movement in Russia and the Omsk regional public organization “Siberian center of Kazakh culture «Moldir»”.
Scientific Seminar “Popular Protests in Medieval Western Europe” in Dostoevsky Omsk State University
Authors: Demyanov Kirill V.
Published: November 2020

Vincent Challet, associate professor of Paul Valery University Montpellier 3, have visited Dostoevsky Omsk State University with scientific seminar “Popular Protests in medieval Western Europe” on November 29, 2019. The event was placed on base of Historical Department with Scientific and Technical Department’s support. The article is devoted results of this event in Dostoevsky Omsk State University.
The Image of Donald Trump in “Der Spiegel”
Authors: Bobrova Galina E.
Published: November 2020

Using the method of content analysis, the main components of the image of Donald Trump have been investigated, the most important image factors, sources and techniques for constructing his image in “Der Spiegel” have been identified, the correlation in tone of publications devoted to the American president has been determined.
State and Public Diplomacy of the RSFSR / USSR in 1917-1925: Principles of Interaction
Authors: Yakub Natalia V.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the main goals and principles of Soviet public diplomacy in 1917-1925 in the RSFSR / USSR. The main directions, forms and methods of cooperation with foreign countries in the context of the policy of recognition and non-recognition of the RSFSR / USSR are highlighted. The article analyzes the cooperation of the state with various public and governmental organizations, as well as individuals.
Oral health care practice of women with pregnancy experience
Authors: Suwargiani Anne Agustina , Arief Erry Mochamad , Aripin Dudi , Widyaputra Sunardhi , Susilawati Sri
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Oral health of pregnant women is essential due to the physiological, psychological, and immune response changes. Oral health-related prenatal services, however, are still insufficient. There are some deficiencies in health care and health promotion activities provided for pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the oral health care practice of women with pregnancy experience. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted towards Indonesian women with pregnancy experience—sample size calculation was conducted using the survey population to estimate the population proportion formula. Inclusion criteria were women with pregnancy experience, owns mobile phones, able to access the Google® Form questionnaire, and willing to take part in the study. Exclusion criteria were women with pregnancy experience who did not complete the Google® Form questionnaire and women who were having a miscarriage or stillborn. Sampling technique was performed using the non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling technique in August until September 2019. Data collection using questionnaire in form of Google® Form questionnaire and distributed online to women who has pregnancy experience throughout Indonesia. Results: The respondents were grouped in three age categories: 22-34 years, 35-44 years, and 45-65 years. Respondents came from 45 cities throughout Indonesia. 62.70% of pregnant women had never visited the dentist. Pregnant women who have visited the dentist were only 37.30%. Pregnant women visited the dentist because they experience a toothache, while the reason for most pregnant women did not visit the dentist because they dd not have any oral health complaints. Conclusion: 62.70% of pregnant women had never visited the dentist. Pregnant women who have visited the dentist were only 37.30%. Women with pregnancy experience mostly have oral health care to treat their oral health complaints. However, the majority of them never visits the dentist because they did not have any oral health complaints.
Representación visual del patrimonio de la zona lacustre de Pátzcuaro, México, desde la gestión turística pública
Authors: Mercado López Eugenio , García Quevedo Katya Meredith
Published: November 2020

Las representaciones visuales del patrimonio y del territorio son frecuentemente utilizadas como usufructo de la publicidad y de la gestión turística. Se observa que en un territorio turístico se relacionan, entre otros procesos, la  construcción de imaginarios, la identificación del patrimonio por jerarquía institucional, así como la codificación de la cultura y/o valoración simbólica hegemónica. Por tanto, se propone el estudio de la representación visual del patrimonio de la Zona Lacustre de Pátzcuaro en Michoacán, México, región en la que existe una larga tradición turística en convivencia con las comunidades indígenas. Como objetivo central se tiene establecer la correlación entre el discurso implícito en la imagen turística, desde las primeras representaciones de ese territorio hasta la actualidad, y la percepción de los gestores turísticos públicos. El método propuesto parte del análisis de contenido de cada ilustración compilada y de las entrevistas a los actores adscritos al sector público. Se pretende mostrar cómo se ha utilizado el patrimonio en la imagen turística, cuáles elementos son más representativos o atractivos desde la perspectiva de la gestión pública, así como la importancia que le dan los funcionarios públicos a su relación con las comunidades indígenas.
¿Cuánto importa la competencia digital docente? Análisis de los programas de formación inicial docente en Uruguay.
Authors: González María Julia Morales , Rivoir Ana , Lázaro-Cantabrana José Luis , Gisbert-Cervera Mercè
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo presenta el análisis de la inclusión de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en los programas de formación inicial docente (FID) en Uruguay.  El objetivo es cómo la Competencia Digital Docente (CDD) se incorpora en los programas de los cursos como parte de la formación de estudiantes, en el contexto de implementación de una política educativa pública de inclusión digital en el país. A través del análisis de contenido y bajo la metodología propuesta por Krippendorff (1990), se analizan los programas utilizando una matriz de indicadores realizada para medir el nivel de CDD. Las dimensiones consideradas son los fundamentos, objetivos y los contenidos. Del análisis se pudo inferir inconsistencias en la cobertura de la CDD entre los componentes de los programas analizados. Éstas se presentan tanto a nivel de dimensiones como de indicadores, especialmente en los programas de las materias “Informática” y “Educación y tecnologías”,  no así en el programa de “Educación e integración de tecnologías digitales”. En el programa de “Informática” se puede apreciar que los componentes analizados presentan escasa relación con la CDD, de acuerdo a la matriz utilizada para el análisis. Como conclusión más relevante destacamos que los programas analizados, si bien de forma dispar incluyen la mayoría de los componentes de la CDD, no responden a las necesidades formativas actuales en lo que a formación por competencias se refiere.
Can the Regular Physical Load Change the Functional State of Pupils in Elementary School?
Authors: Szabóová Renáta , Škutová Natália , Herich Robert
Published: November 2020

The functional status of the organism is a cluster of aerobic, cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular ability in co-operation with the muscular ability ensuring physiological activity of myocard and muscles in the form of regular dynamic and static active movement. Nowadays is observed an increasing lack of physical activity in the pediatric population, which is reflected in the increasing number of the civilization diseases. The aim of this work was to show the impact of regular dynamic activity on the functional status of the cardiovascular system and fitness in schoolable children (n = 100) using Ruffier’s functional test. The values of the Ruffier index were monitored and compared in groups of girls (n = 25) and boys (n = 25) involved in regular school activity within subject „Physical education“ in comparison with groups of children participating also in regular out-of-school physical activity (girls n = 25, boys n = 25) during 5 months. The most significant result (p < 0.001) was observed in functional status of children involved in both regular and after-school activity after 5 months. Presented work showed the significant impact of regular physical activities on circulatory system and muscular work of schoolable children.
Subjective Perception of Life Quality Among Men with Physical Disabilities with Different Sport Participation Level
Authors: Nemček Dagmar , Wittmannová Julie , Javanainen-Levonen Tarja , Lubkowska Wioletta
Published: November 2020

The objective of the study was to analyse subjective perception of the quality of life (QOL) among men with physical disabilities with different sport participation level throughout quality of life indicators/domains satisfaction and overall QOL. Three groups of men with physical disabilities (n = 130) categorised by the level of sport participation were recruited for the study: elite athletes (n=26), recreational athletes (n = 45) and non-athletes (n = 59). The Subjective Quality of Life Analysis questionnaire and the WHOQOL User Manual were used as a primary research method. The highest subjective perception of life quality declares men elite athletes and the lowest non-athletes. Elite athletes are significantly more satisfied in their lives with domains Physical health/level of independence and Environment, indicators Sleep, Work, Leisure activities, Safety and overall QOL than non-athletes. No significant differences were found in subjective perception of life quality between men recreational athletes and non-athletes.
Types of Classroom Chair Stretch Exercises and their Feasibility and Potential to Structure the Recommend Classroom-Based Physical Activity Break Primary Programs
Authors: Kerroum Mohamed Arab , Zerf Mohammed
Published: November 2020

This pilot study tests the significance of a classroom chair stretch exercises types and their feasibility and potential to structure the optional classrooms Based Physical Activity Break Primary Programs (ABC-PA).

Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we proposed two chair stretch exercises ABC-PA programs, one with sit-to-stand chair exercises and other without sit-to-stand chair exercises. Applied for 4-weeks among 90 children, five grade levels, 45 in each division during the academic years 2017-2018. Controlled by components of Fitness Gram health-related physical fitness, before and after 4-weeks of the research project to establish the superiority of the two models proposed.

Results. To admit study ABC-PA protocols, and statistics performed. Our outcomes confirmed sit-to-stand as the recommended exercise to structure the optional classroom-based physical activity breaks routine intervention.

Conclusions. We approved the sit-to-stand as a powerful chair exercise able to enhance cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, maintenance of body composition and reduction of prolonged class daily time sittings. More efficacy are the sit-downs noticed in this study as prolonged static stretch able to improve static flexibility but without changes in classrooms sedentary routine.
Designing Protective Ecotones to Reduce Acoustic Load on the Railway Lines
Authors: Ruda Mariia , Boyko Taras
Published: November 2020

According to the results of the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources, one of the most innovative ways of ensuring the stability of anthropogenically modified ecosystems is proposed, that is the creation of a system of protective type ecotones, which will allow providing ecological safety on the railways using exclusively natural environmental restoration mechanisms. On the experimental areas, we have described the taxonomic structure of forestry groups and phytocoenotic activity of species in forest grouping. We have also calculated the closeness, viability of the tree-stands, and also the projective shelter. To determine the noise effect, the noise-permeability of forest strips and the scattering of sound-currents from planting action have been analyzed. Based on research and calculations, a zone of sound shadow is determined depending on the size of the obstacle and the length of the sound wave. The acoustic effect of reducing the sound level is determined by such factors as bandwidth, dendrological composition, and design of plantations. The one-factor dispersion analysis allowed confirming that the investigated sections of the tracks of Lviv Railways differ significantly from each other according to these data. The results of the research were also subject to correlation analysis. The coefficients of pair correlation of structural indices of protective type ecotones were calculated with reduction of acoustic load on sections of the tracks of Lviv Railways. Therefore, the interrelation with the distance, the horizontal closure of the tree canopy, the distance between the trees, the height of the shaft and the crown density were reliably established. On this basis, the multiplicity regression equation for complex estimation of acoustic load reduction and prediction of noise reduction with specified parameters of protective type ecotones were calculated.
Greening Nyanga: Developing a Community Park in a Complex Urban Environment in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Lukas-Sithole Megan
Published: November 2020

Green, recreational spaces are lacking in most low-income urban areas of Cape Town, South Africa. Public open spaces that do exist are often considered nuisance plots, as they attract anti-social behaviour. Thus, there is a dire need to create green, recreational spaces in such areas to provide the benefits of parks to the community members who live there. Nuisance plots are unsafe and should be developed into safe, convivial, and beautiful spaces for local communities to utilise. Using the development of a community park in the Cape Town township of Nyanga as a case study, this paper demonstrates the communality and contestations involved in the planning and implementation of green infrastructure in an urban landscape marred by socioeconomic inequalities. Sourcing data from nine months of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper aims to i) show the importance of inclusive planning and decision-making through participation of all stakeholders in urban design and spatial planning projects; ii) to highlight the complexities and social contestations of such projects, and the need to consider the social relations of an area during the planning and implementation phases; and iii) to emphasise the importance of incorporating sense of place and belonging in design and planning decisions.
Pathophysiology of Depression and Novel Sources of Phytochemicals for its Treatment – A Systematic Review
Authors: Bakalov D. , Hadjiolova R. , Pechlivanova D.
Published: November 2020

The rising burden of depression, which will soon be the second most common cause of disability in the world, is requesting new ways to treat and prevent it. Due to high number of significant adverse drug reactions of the conventional treatment, the modern pharmaceutical industry is more often turning their focus to novel plant-based solutions. We performed literature research based on standard literature search engines – PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct. A standard set of keywords related to our topic e.g. “Depression”, “Mesembrine type alkaloids”, “Narcissus” was used. The review describes the classical monoamine theory of depression and connects it with the newly found biochemical, genetic and morphological alterations associated with the major depressive disorder. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of the pathophysiology of depression and to explore the possibilities to use mesembrine-like alkaloids isolated from Narcissus cv. Hawera in its treatment. We describe their effect on brain biochemistry and possible future investigations.
Prediction of Chinese Automobile Growing Trend Considering Vehicle Adaptability based on Cui–Lawson Model
Authors: Feng Jia , Meng Meng , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Xin , Yuan Jie , Zhang Zengyong
Published: November 2020

The rapid growth of fossil fuels and the aggravation of emission pollution can be improved by the green and diversified energy structure of road transport vehicles. In this article, Cui–Lawson model is first introduced to analyse the change trend of pure electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, gas–fuel vehicle, fuel cell vehicle, biofuel vehicle and traditional vehicle in the next 50 years. Considering the climate, environment and economic development of each region, the future ownership of the above six models was studied by region. Moreover, the climate and topography affect the developing trend strongly. The ownership of traditional automobile is more than other kinds of vehicles until 35 and 40 years in Xibei and Dongbei regions for the cold temperature.
Genome-wide selection of discriminant SNP markers for breed assignment in indigenous sheep breeds
Authors: Moradi Mohammad Hossein , Khaltabadi-Farahani Amir Hossein , Khodaei-Motlagh Mahdi , Kazemi-Bonchenari Mehdi , McEwan John
Published: November 2020

The assignment of an individual to the true population of origin is one of the most important applications of genomic data for practical use in animal breeding. The aim of this study was to develop a statistical method and then, to identify the minimum number of informative SNP markers from high-throughput genotyping data that would be able to trace the true breed of unknown samples in indigenous sheep breeds. The total numbers of 217 animals were genotyped using Illumina OvineSNP50K BeadChip in Zel, Lori-Bakhtiari, Afshari, Moqani, Qezel and a wild-type Iranian sheep breed. After SNP quality check, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine how the animals allocated to the groups using all genotyped markers. The results revealed that the first principal component (PC1) separated out the two domestic and wild sheep breeds, and all domestic breeds were separated from each other for PC2. The genetic distance between different breeds was calculated using FST and Reynold methods and the results showed that the breeds were well differentiated. A statistical method was developed using the stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to reduce the number of SNPs for discriminating 6 different Iranian sheep populations and K-fold cross-validation technique was employed to evaluate the potential of a selected subset of SNPs in assignment success rate. The procedure selected reduced pools of markers into 201 SNPs that were able to exactly discriminate all sheep populations with 100% accuracy. Moreover, a discriminate analysis of principal components (DAPC) developed using 201 linearly independent SNPs revealed that these markers were able to assign all individuals into true breed. Finally, these 201 identified SNPs were successfully used in an independent out-group breed consisting of 96 samples of Baluchi sheep breed and the results indicated that these markers are able to correctly allocate all unknown samples to true population of origin. In general, the results of this study indicated that the combined use of the SDA and LDA techniques represents an efficient strategy for selecting a reduced pool of highly discriminant markers.
Supplementation of Bile Acids and Lipase in Broiler Diets for Better Nutrient Utilization and Performance: Potential Effects and Future Implications – A Review
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Adeel , Faiz-ul-Hassan  , Bhatti Shaukat Ali , Rehman Muhammad Saif-ur , Yousaf Wasim , Younus Gulfam , Sizmaz Ozge , Bilal Muhammad Qamar
Published: November 2020

Bile acids are used for better emulsification, digestion and absorption of dietary fat in chicken, especially in early life. Similarly, exogenous lipases have also been used for the improvement of physiological limitation of the chicken digestive system. Owing to potential of both bile acids and lipases, their use has been increased in recent years, for better emulsification of dietary fat and improvement of growth performance in broilers. In the past, pancreatic lipases were used for supplementation, but recently, microbial lipase is getting attention in poultry industry as a hydrolysis catalyst. Bile acids strengthen the defence mechanism of body against bacterial endotoxins and also play a key role in lipid regulation and sugar metabolism as signaling molecules. It has been demonstrated that bile acids and lipases may improve feed efficiency by enhancing digestive enzyme activity and ultimately leading to better fat digestion and absorption. Wide supplemental range of bile acids (0.004% to 0.25%) and lipases (0.01% to 0.1%) has been used in broiler diets for improvement of fat digestibility and their performance. Combinations of different bile acids have shown more potential to improve feed efficiency (by 7.14%) even at low (0.008%) levels as compared to any individual bile acid. Lipases at a lower level of 0.03% have exhibited more promising potential to improve fat digestibility and feed efficiency. However, contradicting results have been published in literature, which needs further investigations to elucidate various nutritional aspects of bile acids and lipase supplementation in broiler diet. This review focuses on providing insight on the mechanism of action and potential application of bile acids and lipases in broiler diets. Moreover, future implications of these additives in poultry nutrition for enhancing nutrient utilization and absorption are also discussed.
The Potential Role of MYOM1 and ATGL Genes in Pig Production Improvement
Authors: Ropka-Molik Katarzyna , Piórkowska Katarzyna , Piestrzyńska-Kajtoch Agata , Fornal Agnieszka , Zyskowska Zofia , Pruś Angelika , Tyra Mirosław
Published: November 2020

In the present study, two missense variants within ATGL (rs331307082) and MYOM1 (rs326001585) genes were tested for their potential usage as genetic markers related to pig production traits. The genotyping was performed on 519 pigs representing 990 synthetic sire line. The association analysis indicated that ATGL gene affected the panel of fattening parameters (test daily gain, age at slaughter), meatiness traits (meat percentage in the carcasses; the weight of loin, ham and primary cuts, and loin eye area), and meat quality characteristics (water exudation). In turn, MYOM1 polymorphism was related to loin weight, the weight of primary cuts and weight of loin backfat. Pigs with AA genotype were characterized by significantly higher loin and primary cut weights compared to opposite homozygotes GG (P<0.05). The observed differences were 2.29 kg and 1.2 kg, respectively. Moreover, despite higher meatiness, AA animals together with AG were characterized by lower weight of loin backfat (P<0.05) and average backfat thickness (P<0.1) compared to GG pigs. The MYOM1 polymorphism did not affect pork quality traits. The results allowed us to propose the new genetic markers which may be used in pig selection to obtain appropriate meatiness and fatness level in carcasses without decreasing meat quality.
Characteristics of sea trout spawners (Salmo trutta) in the Vistula River mouth in reference to the previous Vistula River stocks
Authors: Buras Paweł
Published: November 2020

The age structure and length distribution of sea trout spawners caught in the Vistula River mouth in the 1984–1986 period were analyzed in reference to previous Vistula stocks of summer spawning and winter spawning runs, and also to silvering sea trout. The comparison took into consideration two variants: the period when the sea trout summer spawning and winter spawning runs ascended the Vistula and when they gathered at spawning grounds. Statistically significant differences were confirmed in the age structure and length distribution of sea tout spawners caught in the Vistula River mouth in the 1980s and the previous Vistula stocks. The reason for these difference must be sought in management interventions and especially in the permanent cycle of smolt production, sea trout spawner selection when they ascended the Vistula, catches made for artificial spawning, and the periodic stocking of sea trout with material originating from Pomeranian rivers.
Semantic and Pragmatic Mechanisms of Humour in Animal Jokes
Authors: Nemesi Attila L.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to take a close look at the interplay of semantic and pragmatic components of animal jokes. Rather than insisting on the priority of one particular theoretical tradition and selecting a few illustrative examples, 30 animal jokes – most of them translated into English from Hungarian – are presented to help identify the different mechanisms that make them amusing. Adopting a theory-by-theory approach, it becomes clear that some jokes fit well the explanation of frame or script semantics, while others are best captured by one or another pragmatic framework and classification. This leads to the related question of whether it is possible, at this stage of research, to integrate the diverse lines of thought or whether the semantic and pragmatic study of verbal humour will have to remain relatively fragmented. It is argued that certain basic elements of major pragmatic theories are important complements to frame/script semantics, the humour of animal jokes is reliant on the same meaning-generating processes as observed in other jokes, and that the attraction of animal jokes lies in their psychological and cultural-anthropological characteristics. Finally, their cross-cultural investigation is encouraged.
Verbal Humour in Screen Translation: Officer Crabtree’s Case with the Fronch and Hungarian Longwodge
Authors: Ajtony Zsuzsanna
Published: November 2020

The present study aims to gain insight into the translation of audiovisual humour displayed in the verbal manifestations of Officer Crabtree, the fictional character in the BBC sitcom ‘Allo ‘Allo! (1982–1992), especially focusing on its Hungarian dubbed version of the series. Being a research domain with insights from audiovisual translation (AVT), humour studies, and discourse analysis, the article introduces the reader to AVT, more particularly, to dubbing, to research carried out in the domain of audiovisual humour, and to humour studies, especially focusing on incongruity and superiority theory. These theoretical elements are applied in the analysis of the corpus comprising the English voice track as source text (ST) and its Hungarian counterpart as target text (TT), highlighting the humorous effects achieved in both of them and especially pointing at the creative solutions translators resorted to in rendering the idiosyncratically mangled English texts into Hungarian. The analysis aims to provide counterexamples to the frequent claim that verbal humour is untranslatable.
Elements of Humour in the Classroom A Qualitative Approach to Data
Authors: Tódor Erika-Mária , Tankó Enikő
Published: November 2020

Neither grades nor formal indicators of teachers’ effectiveness measure the presence or the nature of humorous situations in classroom conversations although these situations are, in fact, the iceberg components of the teacher–student communication and are important indicators of the motivational-behavioural background as well as cohesion of the group, of the power of collective thinking and creativity inside class community.

The role of humour has not always been positive throughout time. For example, according to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2016), Plato was one of the most influential critics of laughter, and he treated it as an emotion that overrode rational self-control, and thus could be considered a certain kind of evil. As for the bad reputation of humour, we can find yet another face of this reality in Kant’s approach, according to which humour can be understood as play, while laughter is a play signal.

The present research is looking for answers regarding the role of humour in classroom conversation and interaction, according to students’ opinion, how they interpret certain terms related to humour, and what humorous situations they report of. In this study, we present the data of an empirical research based on the questionnaires completed by 159 students in the 5th to 8th grades from both urban and rural area, data which have been processed with the help of MAXQDA. Due to the highly practical nature of the research, it presents a general picture of the characteristics and role of humorous classroom situations.

This unique location offers a specific interpretation of the discourse of humour, based on local and individual life experiences.