bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of active water stream, irradiance, ambient temperature and wind speed on the efficiency of Fresnel lens based two stage PVT system
Authors: Singhy Arvind , Thakur Robin , Kumar Raj , Kumar Sushil , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Sushil , Thapa Sashank
Published: June 2021

Influence of wind speed, mass-flow rate of water, irradiance, and ambient temperature on concentrated photovoltaic thermal module (PVT) equipped with linear Fresnel lens as primary optic element and convex lens as secondary optic element have been investigated in this study. Influence of these parameters on module performance in terms of thermal efficiency and electrical efficiency are also examined during investigation. The thermal efficiency and electrical efficiency without consideration of parameters was found to be 14.3% and 51.2%, respectively. With consideration of mentioned four parameters, the results reveal that electrical efficiency of 17.2% and thermal efficiency of 55.3% can be achieved for designed set-up. Thus, there is 20% and 8% increase in electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency, respectively. The electrical efficiency increases with increase in flluid-flow rate, wind speed, and irradiance. Electrical efficiency de-creases with increase in ambient temperature. The thermal efficiency increases with increment in water mass-flow rate, irradiance, and ambient temperature. However, with increase in wind speed, the thermal efficiency decreases.
Numerical analysis of thermal performance of heat exchanger: Different plate structures and fluids
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Song Yong , Huang Qunying
Published: June 2021

Due to compact size, high power density, low cost and short construction time, the small modular reactors are considered as one of the candidate reactors, in which the power generation system is important with a compact heat exchanger for modular construction. Therefore, the effect of plate structure and nature of the working fluid on the thermal performance of plate heat exchanger are analyzed for the design of compact and efficient heat exchanger. The heat transfer rate, temperature counters, velocity vectors, and pressure drop have been optimized and investigated using FLUENT. The Nusselt number has been calculated for the corrugated and flat plate heat exchanger to validate the convective heat transfer. The numerical results are agreed well with correlation within deviation of ~5-7%. The performance of heat exchanger can be improved by controlling the mass-flow rate, and temperature of working fluid. The corrugation plate heat ex-changer increases the heat transfer rate 20% and effectiveness 23%, respectively, as compare to flat plate heat exchanger when the working fluid is water. In the case of air, heat transfer rate, and effectiveness are about 10% and 9%, respectively. The results show that the corrugated plate heat exchanger is more effective than the flat plate heat exchanger because corrugation pattern enhances the turbulence of fluids, which further increase heat transfer rate and coefficient. The selection of the working fluid and structure of the plate must be considered carefully for efficient and compact design of heat exchanger.
Numerical method and analysis of a tube indirect evaporative cooler
Authors: Li Rui , Zhou Wenhe , Wu Jianyun , Li Jianxia , Dong Xinyue , Zhao Juan
Published: June 2021

The tube indirect evaporative cooler is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and its heat transfer mechanism still needs to be fully indicated, for which the numerical method is more suitable than the experiment. Because many numerical researches focusing on the tube indirect evaporative cooler are usually based on the simplified models, such as single tube model, single side model, 1-D, and 2-D model, the further improvement is still needed. Meanwhile, the tube indirect evaporative cooler is always expected to supply more cooling air with lower temperature at lower cost of energy, but many present studies are focusing on the improvement of heat transfer only and ignoring the energy cost. This paper proposed a 3-D full-scale numerical model and method verified by the experimental data, by which, the energy output (primary air-cooling capacity) and quality (temperature of primary air outlet) at the resistance loss (resistance) of the tube indirect evaporative cooler are analyzed with the help of FLUENT software.
BIG DATA ANALYTICS AND HOW TO BUY AN ELECTION
Authors: Sønderholm Jørn , Mainz Jakob , Uhrenfeldt Rasmus
Published: June 2021

We show how to lawfully buy an election. The key things that make it possible to buy an election are the existence of public voter registration lists and the existence of Big Data Analytics that can predict how a given elector will vote in an election. Someone interested in buying an election can enter an employment contract with some of the opponent electors where these electors are paid to do a job that prevents them from voting. By purchasing access to public voter registration lists, it is possible to verify ex post whether the opponent electors have abstained. In the last two sections, we discuss several barriers that can undermine an attempt to buy an election in the manner we identify.
The Experimental Study of Dust Effect on Solar Panel Efficiency
Authors: COŞGUN Atıl Emre , DEMİR Hasan
Published: June 2021

This study shows the dust effect on solar panel efficiency based on experimental measurements. Sieve analysis has been performed to investigate the effect on the efficiency of the panel. Dust particles have been divided into different sizes such as (-75), (+75/-105), (+105/-250), (+250/-450). In addition, each piece weighed 20 g, uniformly sprinkled onto a 40-Watt SUNNY polycrystalline panel. In order to obtain the output voltages of the PV panel used a data acquisition card. Additionally, a photodiode sensor has been used in order to obtain the light reflection data from the panel to the outside while there had covered different diameters of dust particles on the panel. The data set consisting of electrical parameters have been used to compered both experimental study and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) output. There were 5 different data sets with the clean PV panel in this study (randomly selected data from it used as %40 training - %60 test) and the clean panel data have been used twice in the training and test part of the ANN. In this study, it has been observed that the ANN method can be used to estimate panel efficiency due to the linearity (The R-value was gotten nearly equal to 1 and it shows that there is a linear relationship between outputs and targets.) if the appropriate transfer function is selected. Also, this study shows that as the particle diameter covering the panel gets smaller, the output voltage of the panel decreases linearly.
Afet ve Kaza Riskinin Yüksek Olduğu Sanayi ve Maden Kuruluşlarında Çalışanların İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kapsamında Güvenlik İklim Algısı ve İlk Yardım Bilgi Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma: Gümüşhane İli Örneği
Authors: Cengiz Sevil , Yer Ali Said
Published: June 2021

Afet; bir toplumu tehdit altında bırakan, toplumun kendi imkânları ile müdahalesinin yetersiz kaldığı, ülke genelindeki kaynakların seferber edilmesini gerektiren, büyük ölçüde can ve mal kayıplarına sebebiyet veren beklenmedik ve istenmedik olaylardır. Afet veya kaza risklerinin yüksek olduğu ve binlerce insanın istihdam edildiği sanayi ve maden gibi kuruluşlarda çalışanların ilkyardım eğitimi alması iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Gümüşhane ili sanayi ve maden kuruluşlarında çalışanların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kapsamında güvenlik iklimi algıları ve ilk yardım bilgi düzeylerinin ölçülmesi ve bu ölçümlerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkilerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. 297 kişinin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilen araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS 17 programı kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, çalışanların demografik bilgileri, iş sağlığı güvenliği ve ilk yardım eğitim düzeyleri, kaza geçirme durumları ile katılımcıların iş sağlığı güvenlik iklimi algıları, 7 alt boyutu (iletişim, kadercilik, güvenlik yönetimi, bireysel sorumluluk, güvenlik standartları ve hedefler, kişisel katılım, yönetim bağlılığı) ve ilk yardım bilgi düzeyleri arasında bir takım anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu gözlenmiştir.
An Interpretation of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of Global Inequalities
Authors: Beken Hikmet Gülçin
Published: June 2021

Pek çok alanda (gelir, servet, sağlık vb) eşitsizliklerin arttığı günümüz dünyasında pandemi kadar pandemi nedeniyle mevcut eşitsizliklerin derinleşebilecek olma tehlikesi ile de mücadele etmek gerekmektedir. Ulusal, uluslararası ve küresel ölçekte alınan önlemler, uygulanan politikalar öncelikle kısa vadede insanları bu salgından korumak amaçlı olsa da orta ve uzun vadeli etkileri kapsayacak şekilde tasarlanmalıdır. Küreselleşmenin belirleyiciliği ve neo-liberal politikaların varlığı ile öne çıkan 1980’li yıllar sonrasında yaşananlar günümüz eşitsizlikler dünyasını ortaya çıkaran koşulları şekillendirmiştir. COVID-19 özellikle gelir, sağlık, eğitim ve dijital alanlardaki eşitsizlikleri hem kısa hem de uzun vadeye yayılacak şekilde etkileyebilecek potansiyel taşıdığından devletler ve uluslararası örgütler tarafından ulusal ve küresel bağlamda uygulanacak politikalar önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma mevcut eşitsizliklere ilişkin yapıyı ortaya koymakta ve politika önerilerine yer vermektedir
Fair Endowment Calculation for Nursing Homes Using Actuarial Techniques: A Turkey Experience
Authors: Şenel İlhan Kerem , Boz Canser , Akgül Ahmet , Çırak Musa
Published: June 2021

Background: Nursing homes continue to play an important role in elderly services, including offering physical, psychological, and social support. For this reason, it is crucial to ensure their sustainable financial management. Aims: This study aims to build a model that incorporates factors such as age, gender, and real rate of return, all of which affect the minimum amount of the one-time endowment. Methods: In this study, the minimum endowment is calculated using actuarial techniques by considering the age and gender of the nursing home resident along with the real rate of return for endowments. Our model incorporates a probability of spending calculated using mortality rates from Turkey Life Tables (TRH-2010) and a 2% real rate of return. Results: The expected value of ₺1 spent each year as long as the individual lives varies with age and gender. For a 60-year-old female, this expected value is over 0.99 (i.e., 99% probability of spending ₺1 during the year), whereas it falls below 0.50 for an 81-year-old, and 0.10 for a 90-year-old. For a 60-year-old male, the expected value is about 0.99, which falls below 0.50 for a 78-year-old, and 0.10 for an 89-year-old. Thus, the customary endowment is insufficient for female elderly persons below the age of 71 and male elderly persons below the age of 68. Conclusion: Many factors can affect the fair amount of a one-time endowment. Failure to take these factors into account may seriously jeopardize the fairness and sustainability of elderly services.
Comparison of Efficiency Measures of Non-Priority and Non-Pre-Emptive Priority Queues
Authors: Çelik Abdullah , Sağlam Vedat
Published: June 2021

When there are different customer classes in a queue system, the j-th class customers have their services before the j+1,j=1,2,… class customers. Such queues are named as queues with priority scheduling. In this study a Markov priority queue system with two customer classes is analyzed both under non-pre-emptive and nonpriority scheduling and the efficiency measures (the expected number of customer in system, the average waiting time in system) are obtained using Little’s Law. The efficiency criteria are compared according to the priority situation. In addition, parameter estimates were compared with simulation results. The simulation was performed using the R program.
Küreselleşme Sürecinde Finansal Gelişmişliğin Vergi Gelirleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği (1986-2018)
Authors: Sağdıç Ersin Nail , Yıldız Fazlı
Published: June 2021

Kamu harcamalarının finansmanında kullanılan en önemli gelir kaynağı olan vergi gelirlerini etkileyen ekonomik, siyasi, yapısal, idari ve demografik birçok faktör vardır. Küreselleşme sürecinde hızla gelişen finansal sektörün vergi gelirlerini farklı yollarla etkileme olasılığı bu ilişkinin incelenmesini önemli hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye ekonomisi için 1986–2018 döneminde finansal gelişmişlik endeksinin vergi gelirleri üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektir. Uzun dönem ARDL eşbütünleşme testi ve kısa dönemde ARDL hata düzeltme modeli sonuçları, Türkiye’de finansal gelişmişlik, ekonomik büyüme ve vergi gelirleri arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, nedensellik testi sonuçları finansal gelişmişlik endeksinden vergi gelirleri ve ekonomik büyümeye doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığını ortaya koymuştur. Genel olarak araştırmanın sonuçları, kısa ve uzun dönemde finansal gelişmişlik, ekonomik büyüme ve vergi gelirleri arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin varlığını ve nedensellik analizi sonuçlarının da bu sonuçları destekleyen nitelikte olduğunu göstermektedir.
Zeytin Tanelerinin Türünün Belirlenmesinde Görüntü İşleme ve Kümeleme Yöntemlerinin Kullanımı
Authors: Gönenç Senem , Öner Yüksel
Published: June 2021

Görüntü işleme yöntemleri, gelişen ve değişen teknolojilerle birlikte yenilikçi buluşlar üretmek isteyen birçok araştırmacı tarafından tercih edilmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda neredeyse her sektörde kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. Görüntü işlemenin gıda ve tarım alanlarındaki uygulamaları bu sektörlerdendir ve çalışmalar yoğunluk kazanarak devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tarımsal faaliyet kollarının en önemlilerinden olan zeytin meyvesinin tür tespitine yönelik bir uygulama yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın başlangıcında türleri bilinen zeytin tanelerinin görüntüsü alınarak bilgisayar ortamına yüklenmiş ve istatistiksel programlama dili olan ‘R’ programında analizler yapılmıştır. Sisteme aktarılan görüntüyü analize uygun hale getirmek için gerekli görüntü işleme teknikleri kullanılarak görüntü içerisinde bulunan zeytin tanelerine ilişkin sayısal bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Bu bilgiler zeytin tanelerinin boyut ve renk değişkenlerini oluşturan piksel cinsinden elde edilmiş sayısal verilerdir. Oluşturulan değişkenler yardımıyla zeytin taneleri K-Ortalama yöntemi ve Bulanık C-Ortalamalar algoritması kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca burada zeytin türüne ilişkin ön bilgi bulunduğundan analizler sonucunda ortaya çıkan kümelemenin türleri tespit etmedeki başarısı ayrıntılı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, Bulanık C-Ortalamalar algoritması kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonucu ortaya çıkan kümelenme yapısının gerçekte türü bilinen zeytin tanelerine ait gruplara en yakın sonuçlar verdiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Örgütlerde Katılımsız Yönetim Sorununu: Kavramsal Bir Çalışma
Authors: Mücevher Muhammet Hamdi
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada, örgütlerde ortaya çıkan katılımsız yönetim sorunu ile ilgili kavramsal bir çerçeve sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için katılımsız yönetim sorununun ne olduğu, türleri, nedenleri, sonuçları ve önlenmesi için yapılması gerekenlere değinilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, işgörenleri yönetime katmama, yetki devri yapmama, personeli güçlendirmeme ve örgütsel demokrasizlik katılımsız yönetimin en önemli veçheleridir. Katılımsız yönetim sorununun motivasyon düşüklüğü, tükenmişlik, çalışma ortamının bozulması, verim ve performans kaybı, yönetsel etkinliğin azalması, değişime direncin artması, örgütsel bağlılığın azalması ve işten ayrılma niyetinin artması gibi örgütsel ve kişisel birçok olumsuz sonuçları vardır. Karşı fikirlere duyarlı olma, işgörenlere anlayışlı ve müsamahakâr davranma, örgütte güven ortamı oluşturma, işgörenlere sorumluluk ve inisiyatif vererek alınan kararlara dâhil etme bu sorunu önlemenin yolları arasındadır. Yine katılımın örgüte sunacağı yararların farkında olarak katılımcı bir örgüt ortamı inşa etme, ortak akılla karar alma, sinerji oluşturmak için kubaşık bir çalışma ortamı sunma, demokratik, insani ve kolektif bir liderlik tarzı benimseme, güç kullanma yerine sorumluluk verme, kontrolden uzaklaşarak stratejiye odaklanma, işgörenleri esnek ve özerk bir şekilde istihdam etme, girişimcilik, yaratıcılık ve yenilikleri teşvik etme, sağlıklı bir iletişim imkânı oluşturma, bilgiyi ulaşılabilir kılma, amaç birliği oluşturarak ortak bir hedef gösterme, kişisel menfaat yerine sorumluluğu dizayn ederek güven ortamını kurma, katılımsızlığı ortadan kaldıracak diğer çözüm stratejileri arasında sayılabilir.
Tamamlayıcı Sağlık Sigortasının Sürdürülebilirliği: Öğretim Elemanlarının Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Serdar Furkan , Kurtaran Ahmet , Turan Kurtaran Ayten , Kurtaran Çelik Melike
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi’ndeki öğretim elemanlarının tamamlayıcı sağlık sigortasının sürdürülebilirliği hakkındaki görüşlerini belirlemek ve sosyo demografik özellikleri ile tamamlayıcı sağlık sigortasının sürdürülebilirliği konusundaki görüşleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu kapsamda Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi’nde görev yapan ve araştırmaya gönüllü katılan toplam 420 öğretim elemanına yüz yüze anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verisi, kişisel bilgi formu ve tamamlayıcı sağlık sigortası sürdürülebilirlik ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmış ve Anova ve t testlerinden yararlanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Tamamlayıcı sağlık sigortası sürdürülebilirlik ölçeği ortalama puan (2,83), öğretim elemanlarının tamamlayıcı sağlık sigortasının sürdürülebilirliği konusunda tam bir karara varamadıklarını göstermektedir. Tamamlayıcı sağlık sigortasının sürdürülebilirlik düzeyi ile cinsiyet, medeni durum, bilim dalı ve aylık gelir düzeyi değişkenleri arasında %5 düzeyinde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda erkeklerin kadınlara göre, bekar öğretim elemanlarının evli olanlara göre ve fen bilimleri alanında görev yapan öğretim elemanlarının sosyal bilimlerdekilere göre ve aylık gelir düzeyi düşük olanların yüksek olanlara göre tamamlayıcı sağlık sigortasının sürdürülebilirliği konusunda daha olumlu görüşe sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR TEMATIK MELALUI PENDEKATAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING SISWA KELAS 5 SD
Authors: Kisworo Dimas Anjar
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui a) apakah peningkatan hasil belajar tematik siswa kelas 5 SD dapat diupayakan melalui pendekatan Problem Based Learning. b) bagaimanakah langkah-langkah pendekatan Problem Based Learning yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar tematik Tema 7 Peristiwa dalam Kehidupan. Model PTK yang digunakan adalah spiral dari C. Kemmis & Mc Taggart terdiri 3 tahap yakni, 1) perencanaan tindakan, 2) pelaksanaan tindakan dan observasi, 3) refleksi. Subjek penelitian yaitu 32 siswa kelas 5 SDN Gendongan 01 Salatiga pada tahun akademik 2020/2021. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dan teknik nontes. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah butir soal dan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t-test. Hasil penelitian ditunjukkan perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar prasiklus sebesar 76,46 dengan persentase ketuntasan 59,38% dan siklus 1 sebesar 85,03 dengan persentase ketuntasan 68,75% dan terus meningkat rata-rata pada siklus 2 sebesar 87,49 dengan persentase ketuntasan 87,50%. Di samping itu, uji t sebesar 5,328 artinya terdapat perbedaan selisih rata-rata antara prasiklus dan siklus 1 sebesar 8,57. Signifikansi 5% sebesar 0,000 yang berarti perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar bermakna. Uji t prasiklus dengan siklus 2 dengan hasil 5,328 semakin meningkat pada rata-rata hasil belajar sebesar 11,03 dengan nilai signifikansi 5% adalah 0,000 yang berarti perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar bermakna. Pendekatan Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan langkah-langkah pendekatan Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Tema 7 Peristiwa dalam Kehidupan.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM MATERI Q.S. Yunus/10 : 40-41 dan Q.S. al-Maidah /5: 32 DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA SISWA KELAS XI SEMESTER SATU SMK NEGERI 5 KOTA TERNATE TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Ali Rukiah
Published: June 2021

Berdasarkan pengamatan yang telah dilakukan oleh Peneliti di SMK Negeri 5 Kota Ternate, tentang pelaksanaan pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di kelas XI, dimana hasil yang dicapai oleh siswa belum mencapai nilai Standar KKM yang ditentukan oleh sekolah yaitu 79 dan siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran PAI nampak kurang fokus. Tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu: untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui pelaksanaan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning pada siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 5 Kota Ternate tahun pelajar 2017/2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan tindakan sebanyak tiga putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: Rancangan, Pelaksanaan Kegiatan dan pengamatan, Observasi, dan Refleksi/Tindakan. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu: observasi, tes dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) rata-rata hasil belajar pendidikan agama Islam siklus I adalah 79, dan 2) hasil belajar pendidikan agama Islam siklus II adalah 83. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah “hasil belajar pendidikan agama islam materi Q.S Yunus/10:40-41 dan QS Al Maidah /5:32 secara signifikan dapat ditingkatkan dengan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning pada siswa kelas XI semester satu SMK Negeri 5 Kota Ternate tahun pelajaran 2017/2018.Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islan, Materi Q,S Yunus/10: 40-41 dan Qsal-Maidah 15:32, Model Discovery Learning .
A Taxonomy to Understand Scaling of Innovation by African Enterprises
Authors: Armstrong Chris , De Beer Jeremy
Published: June 2021

Grounded in empirical research findings and key statements in the literature, this article proposes a four-part taxonomy for mapping African knowledge-based enterprises’ efforts to achieve scale. The taxonomy, adapted from the framework proposed by Uvin et al. (2000), is comprised of scaling by expanding coverage; by broadening activities; by changing behaviour; and by building sustainability. The article sets out the framework and provides examples of the four scaling dimensions from empirical research conducted in Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Botswana, and South Africa.
Indigenous Knowledge and Vocational Education: Marginalisation of Traditional Medicinal Treatments in Rwandan TVET Animal Health Courses
Authors: Ezeanya-Esiobu Chika , Oguamanam Chidi , Ndungutse Vedaste
Published: June 2021

This study explores Rwandan ethno-veterinary knowledge and the degree to which this knowledge is reflected in the country’s technical and vocational education and training (TVET) instruction. The knowledge considered is the Indigenous medicinal knowledge used by rural Rwandan livestock farmers to treat their cattle. Through interviews with farmers, TVET graduates and TVET teachers, and an examination of the current TVET Animal Health curriculum, the research identifies a neglect of Indigenous knowledge in the curriculum, despite the fact that local farmers use numerous Indigenous medicinal innovations to treat their animals. The focus of the Rwanda’s TVET Animal Health curriculum is on Western-origin modern veterinary practices. The authors argue that this leaves Rwandan TVET Animal Health graduates unprepared for optimal engagement with rural farmers and with the full range of potential treatments.
The evolution of natural systems - from the point of view of a philosopher.
Authors: Ashursky Emir
Published: June 2021

According to the author, observed now natural polymorphism does not come down to the simplest neo-Darwinist constructions, but one way or another involves, as a provoking factor, the so-called "outside interference". Nevertheless, the indisputable fundamental role of the evolutionary principle is all the same visible literally at every step. This is both rather intricate genesis of prions, and microevolutionary shifts which, by the way, are taking place before our eyes (detection of new strains of bacteria and fungi resistant to various poisons or rare outlandish representatives of anaerobic and chemotrophic biota); just like the racial differences of people that, apparently, have been the best explained by J.-P. Lamarck who, alas, was then outcasted with almost the entire scientific world. Therefore, the natural progress is first of all, while creationism can, in general, be considered only as one of its tactical moves.
Hambatan Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini Selama Masa Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR)
Authors: Makleat Nirwaning
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi orang tua dalam mengembangkan aspek kognitif anak usia dini selama masa Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan selama 3 bulan di Kota Soe, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari orang tua 20 orang murid yang mendampingi proses belajar anak di rumah selama masa BDR. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara (wawancara langsung maupun wawancara virtual) dan dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hambatan yang dihadapi orang tua dalam mengembangkan aspek kognitif anak selama masa BDR, antara lain 1) anak tidak memiliki konsentrasi belajar; 2) Minimnya ketersediaan Alat Pembelajaran Edukatif (APE) di rumah; dan 3) Ketergantungan penggunaan gadget pada anak. Penggalian terhadap hambatan-hambatan tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa orang tua perlu lebih kreatif dalam menciptakan suasana belajar yang nyaman, memanfaatkan benda-benda yang ada di sekitar anak maupun permainan-permaian tradisional sebagai sumber belajar serta mengaplikasikan metode pembelajaran yang lebih menarik minat belajar anak sesuai dengan usia perkembangannya.
Developing training program for remotely piloted aircraft operators in the sphere of border protection: european context
Authors: Islamova Oleksandra , Hrishko-Dunaievska Valentyna , Biliovskyi Oleksandr , Kulagin Oleksandr , Hnydiuk Oleksandr , Miroshnichenko Valentyna
Published: June 2021

The study reveals the theoretical and practical approaches of developing training programs for Remotely Piloted Aircraft operators in the sphere of border surveillance of the state border protection agencies of the European Union and Ukraine using multicriteria optimization to find required rational parameters. The results of the study within the educational grant of Frontex Agency conducted by the team of experts from the Border Guard Services of Ukraine and EU countries were used to enhance the training program of air reconnaissance units of border protection bodies at the Main Training Centre of the Border Guard Service of Ukraine based on the best EU practices, in order to ensure obtaining of knowledge and practical skills by personnel of the border guard Remotely Piloted Aircraft external crews, which will increase the level of interoperability and professional competence of border guards while conducting border surveillance tasks.
Dual-quality Food. The Need for a Solid Health Education in Schools
Authors: Pop Lavinia Maria , Iorga Magdalena , Ioan Beatrice-Gabriela
Published: June 2021

"In the last two decades, both politicians and health officials have drawn attention to foods with a double standard of quality that are marketed in various European countries. Identifying the same brand that sells a product with the same packaging but with a different composition has provoked various disputes, including in the European Parliament. Imposing quality standards has proven to be one of the solutions. But, until their implementation, a good education of the young generation in terms of food quality, reading labels and promoting healthy products remain some of the effective solutions.

Keywords: health, food industry, education, nutrition, ethics, double standard.
"
The leadership of the historiographical field in late socialist Romania. A case-study on the year 1985
Authors: MARCU Ionuţ Mircea
Published: June 2021

The leadership of the historiographical field in late socialist Romania. A case-study on the year 1985. The aim of this paper is to analysis the historiographical field in late socialist Romania, by looking at those historians having high institutional positions within the field in 1985. Our goal is not to discuss the individual themselves, but rather to use this case-study in order to define and characterize the milieu of history-writing as a social and professional structure. Our theoretical and methodological apparatus is built on the works of Pierre Bourdieu, using extensively concepts such as field, capital, habitus, strategy and autonomy, while taking into account their limitations when applied to a socialist system. The research design of this paper implied creating a biographical database, consisting in information regarding the biography of each dean and director, active in their leadership position in 1985. Therefore, information was gathered about Ion Agrigoroaiei, Dumitru Berciu, Gheorghe I. Ioniţă, Camil Mureşanu, Ştefan Pascu, Mircea Petrescu-Dâmboviţa, Ion Popescu-Puţuri, Constantin Preda, Ştefan Ştefănescu.
Rezumat: Conducerea câmpului istoriografic în România socialistă târzie. Un studiu de caz al anului 1985. Scopul prezentului studiu este să analizeze câmpul istoriografic din România socialismului târziu, concentrându-se asupra acelor istorici cu poziţii instituţionale importante în anul 1985. Obiectivul cercetării nu este de discuta în mod direct persoanele în sine, ci de a utiliza acest studiu de caz pentru a defini şi caracteriza comunitatea istoricilor ca structură socială şi profesională. Perspectiva teoretică şi metodologică porneşte de la contribuţii lui Pierre Bourdieu, folosind extensiv concepte precum câmp, capital, habitus, strategie şi autonomie, luând în considerare, în acelaşi timp, şi limitele aplicabilităţii acestora pentru un regim de tip socialist. Cercetarea a presupus crearea unei baze de date cu date biografice pentru fiecare decan şi director, activ în această poziţie în anul 1985. Aşadar, au fost incluse date despre Ion Agrigoroaiei, Dumitru Berciu, Gheorghe I. Ioniţă, Camil Mureşanu, Ştefan Pascu, Mircea Petrescu-Dâmboviţa, Ion Popescu-Puţuri, Constantin Preda, Ştefan Ştefănescu.
Cuvinte-cheie: istoriografie, sociologia istoriografiei, intelectuali în socialismul târziu, cariere şi instituţii academice.
The Evolution of the Faculty of History at University of Bucharest (1970-1989). Case Study: A look into the professionalization of history graduates through the analysis of study programmes
Authors: GHEBOIANU Matei
Published: June 2021

The Evolution of the Faculty of History at University of Bucharest (1970-1989). Case Study: A look into the professionalization of history graduates through the analysis of study programmes. In this article I will analyse the evolution of the Faculty of History within the University of Bucharest from 1970-1989, from the perspective of the admission process, the changes that have occurred among the study programs, the number of students and the provision of the skills necessary for graduates to become good professionals in the domain.
Rezumat: Evoluţia Facultăţii de Istorie a Universităţii din Bucureşti (1970-1989). Studiu de caz: O privire asupra profesionalizării absolvenţilor de istorie prin analiza programelor de studiu. În acest articol voi analiza evoluţia Facultăţii de Istorie din cadrul Universităţii din Bucureşti între anii 1970-1989, din perspectiva procesului de admitere, modificările care au avut loc în programele de studiu, numărul de studenţi şi modalitatea în care au fost dezvoltate abilităţile necesare ale absolvenţilor pentru a deveni buni profesionişti ai domeniului.
Cuvinte cheie: istorie, istorie-filozofie, studenţi, educaţie, Partidul Comunist Român
The “evaporation” of Romanian citizens towards Western Europe, with the secret help of Hungary, between 1985-1989
Authors: HORVATH Paul , JANOS Sallai
Published: June 2021

The “evaporation” of Romanian citizens towards Western Europe, with the secret help of Hungary, between 1985-1989. The Document edited and published here it was a secret one. It comes out from the communist archives of Hungary and deal with the problem of the emigrants that enter from East in Hungary in the last years of the communist regime. It is an illustrative piece in which secretly and silently the communist authorities of Hungary understand to lease the persons who wants to travel in west to exit from Hungary without any control. It was not only an expression of the tensions between Romania and Hungary in those years, but also a rehearsal for what was happened with the East German citizens who passed over Hungary to the West in 1989. The authenticity of the act is proved also by the oral and written testimony of one of the travellers which pass over Hungary in Austria in 1985.
Rezumat: “Evaporarea” cetăţenilor români spre Europa de Vest, cu sprijinul secret al Ungariei, între 1985-1989. Documentul editat şi publicat aici este unul relevant pentru felul în care Ungaria a înţeles să trateze problema emigranţilor din spaţiul estic, cu precădere pe cei din România, în ultimii ani ai regimului comunist. Documentul secret emis de structurile de frontieră din Ungaria în 1985 ilustrează schimbarea de atitudine a structurilor oficiale maghiare care, tacit, au permis, trecerea înspre vest a multor cetăţeni originari din România. A fost nu doar expresia tensiunilor existente între cele două state, ci şi o repetiţie pentru ceea ce s-a petrecut în 1989 cu est germanii care prin Ungaria au ajuns în vest. Autenticitatea documentului este întărită de mărturia orală şi scrisă a unui asemenea călător din România, care a traversat graniţa dintre Ungaria şi Austria în 1985.
Cuvinte cheie: Sfârşitul regimului comunist, regimul frontierei, tensiuni româno-maghiare, emigrarea din est în vest la sfârşitul anilor 80.
Controlling and preventing the actions of the foreign agents. A relevant order for the county structures of the Securitate UM 0110 from 2nd of December 1989
Authors: ȚÂRĂU Virgiliu
Published: June 2021

Thirty years after the fall of communism the debates about the soviet role in the East European Revolutions of 1989 are not ended. In this short article we discuss a relevant document in relation with this topic. It was an order issued by the Chief of the UM 0110 at the beginning of December 1989 in relation with the dangers related to the presence of tourists form East and West in Romania. In essence, in the same day when supposedly Bush and Gorbachev discussed in Malta the fate of Romania, the UM 0110 enter in an alarm situation. According to the directive, in order to control and prevent, but also for neutralize and thwart any hostile actions of the possible dangers, the UM 0110 need to intensify the surveillance of different categories of subjects which were in the attention (foreign tourists, other foreign travelers or representatives that were in Romania from other communist countries). What this document tells us is the fact that the Romanian Securitate was aware that such dangers need to be addressed urgently and that beyond routine urgent actions need to be prepared. These perils become pressing in terms of control, prevention and neutralization of the eventual actions of those tourists.
Rezumat: La treizeci de ani de la căderea regimurilor comuniste, dezbaterile despre rolul jucat de sovietici în Revoluţiile din 1989 din Estul Europei încă nu s-au încheiat. În scurtul nostru articol vom discuta un document relevant în relaţie cu acest subiect. Este vorba de un ordin emis de şeful Unităţii Militare 0110 la începutul lunii decembrie 1989 cu privire la prezenţa unor pericole legate de prezenţa în România a unor turişti din Est şi Vest. De fapt în ziua în care, speculativ se afirmă că, la Malta, George Bush şi Mihail Gorbaciov discutau despre soarta României, Securitate prin unitatea ei specială dedicată urmăririi şi supravegherii cetăţenilor din statele comuniste a intrat în stare de alertă. În acord cu directivele date în ordin, pentru a controla şi preveni, dar şi pentru a neutraliza şi a face imposibile orice acţiuni ostile, UM 0110 trebuia să intensifice toate acţiunile de supraveghere şi control asupra categoriilor de persoane care intrau în atenţia sa (turişti sau reprezentanţi ai altor state comuniste aflaţi pe teritoriul României. Ceea ce documentul ne indică este faptul că Securitatea nu doar că a fost preparată să gestioneze acest tip de pericol, dar au fost elaborate şi ordine precise, dincolo de supravegherea obişnuită, pentru a preveni, neutraliza şi controla acţiunile venite din partea acestor turişti.
Cuvinte-cheie: România, Decembrie 1989, turişti străini, supravegherea Securităţii, UM 0110.
REFLECȚII ASUPRA CONCEPTULUI DE "ARTĂ OBIECTIVĂ" ÎN CONTEXTUL ARTEI CONTEMPORANE
Authors: BELEAN Carmen
Published: June 2021

Reflections on the concept of objective art in the context of contemporary art. Objective art communicates about the human being and his/her place in the universe, about the cosmic laws and the role they play in human life and provide clues as to how man can relate to them. From literary sources attesting to the idea that art in its origin had the role of transmitting knowledge to future generations, we deduce that in ancient times all art forms could be read like a book, and those who knew how to read, fully understood the meaning of the knowledge that was incorporated in these art forms. Nevertheless, there are two forms of art, one very different from the other: objective art and subjective art. Everything that we call art today is subjective art. Objective art is the authentic work resulted from the deliberate, premeditated efforts of a conscious artist. In the act of his creation, the artist avoids or eliminates any subjective or arbitrary element and the impression that such a work evokes in others is always defined.
REZUMAT. Arta obiectivă comunică despre om și locul său în univers, despre legile cosmice și rolul pe care acestea le au în viața sa și oferă indicii despre modul în care omul se poate raporta la ele. Din surse literare care atestă ideea conform căreia arta, la originea sa, avea rolul de a transmite cunoaștere generațiilor următoare, deducem că în vremuri străvechi, toate formele de artă puteau fi citite ca o carte, iar cei care știau citi, înțelegeau în întregime sensul celor transmise. Există însă două forme de artă, una foarte diferită de cealaltă – arta obiectivă și arta subiectivă. Tot ceea ce știm [astăzi] tot ceea ce numim artă, este artă subiectivă. Arta obiectivă este opera autentică rezultată din eforturile deliberate, premeditate ale unui artist conștient. În actul creației sale, artistul evită sau elimină orice element subiectiv sau arbitrar, iar impresia pe care o asemenea lucrare o evocă în ceilalți este întotdeauna definită.
Cuvinte cheie: arta obiectivă, arta antichității, arta contemporană
NAIVITÄT ALS KRITIK
Authors: FERENCZ-FLATZ Christian
Published: June 2021

Naiveté as Critique. The present paper addresses the similarities between the concept of “critique” used in phenomenology and the one put forth by critical theory in analyzing their corresponding understanding of “naiveté”. While Husserl develops a broad concept of naiveté in his reflections regarding the phenomenological reduction, where he characterizes the natural attitude as such as “transcendentally naive”, this concept becomes more nuanced when considering the unavoidable naivetés of phenomenology itself, on the one hand, and the complications brought to the mutual relationship between naiveté and critique with his turn towards the life-world. This turn, the paper shows, can be seen as a metacritical reinvestment of naiveté that can also be traced in the works of Adorno.
THE MENDING OF A FRACTURED SELF. ON THE SELF AS A PRODUCED AND SUSTAINED ENTITY
Authors: HALL Sterling
Published: June 2021

Experientially, we often have a sense of self which is relatively constant across moments in one’s personal timeline. There are instances where this sense of self fractures, though, and self-identity becomes difficult to sustain. This essay argues that such fracturing is the result of an interruption in a process of self-narrativization—an interruption which can be mended, at least partially, through creative and communal practices which allow for the possibility of recreating narratives at the site of their failure—and explores the meaning of this fracturing and mending process in terms of colonial violence as an example of a fracturing situation.
LA PHILOSOPHIE POUR ENFANTS : UNE PISTE POUR RÉCONCILIER ENSEIGNEMENT DISCIPLINAIRE ET VIE SCOLAIRE ?
Authors: POINT Christophe
Published: June 2021

Philosophy for Children: a Way to Reconcile Disciplinary Teaching and School Life? Drawing mainly on John Dewey's writings, this contribution aims to extend the dualism of a traditional conception of education at the epistemological, pedagogical and organizational levels. This conception was already criticised by this author at the beginning of the 20th century and still remains widely present today among the school community. Through this approach, we demonstrate that the dualist approach is as many obstacles to be removed in the process both to improve and rebuild a better education. The hypothesis defended here consists to demonstrate how philosophy for children, strengthened by its pragmatist heritage, can challenge these dualisms and thereby jeopardize the traditional conception of education.
THE NORMALITY OF THE CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE NORMALITY OF THE BODY. HUSSERL’S VIEW ON NORMALITY
Authors: RESZEG Imola
Published: June 2021

In the following paper, I’ll try to summarize Husserl’s view on normality. I will claim that there is a contradiction between his early, transcendental conception, which claims the absolute normality of the transcendental consciousness, and his late genetic-generative analyzes that lead back the normality of experience to the normality of the psychophysical body. I will argue that his contradiction can be resolved from the perspective of the embodied consciousness which, according to Anthony Steinbock is also present in the late writings of Husserl.
Condicionalidad y deuda soberana: un panorama general de sus implicancias en los derechos humanos
Authors: Stubbs Tomas , Kentikelenis Alexander
Published: June 2021

Las Instituciones Financieras Internacionales (IFI) suelen condicionar la concesión de préstamos, subvenciones y alivio de la deuda a la aplicación de reformas políticas por parte del país receptor. Entre las medidas más comunes que se exigen a los gobiernos están la privatización de activos públicos, los recortes del gasto público (o “austeridad”) y las reformas estructurales (como los cambios en las reformas del mercado laboral, la liberalización del comercio y la reforma legal). Estas denominadas “condicionalidades” otorgan a las IFI una influencia política sustancial sobre los gobiernos de todo el mundo, reduciendo así el espacio político nacional y socavando las agendas nacionales de desarrollo. Estas medidas también tienen implicaciones para el disfrute de los derechos humanos. Este artículo ofrece una visión general de las políticas de las IFI, así como de su impacto en la capacidad de los gobiernos que las aplican para proporcionar los servicios públicos básicos necesarios para la realización de los derechos humanos, incluyendo la salud, el trabajo y los derechos civiles y políticos. El artículo comienza con un examen de los mandatos del FMI y del Banco Mundial. A continuación, analiza las prácticas de préstamo de ambas instituciones y revisa los debates existentes en torno a los efectos de las condicionalidades sobre los derechos humanos. Por último, el artículo ofrece sugerencias para reformar las prácticas de préstamo del FMI y del Banco Mundial, de manera que se garantice el respeto de los derechos humanos.
Del dicho al hecho: la narrativa de género del FMI y los derechos humanos de las mujeres
Authors: Elson Diane , Enríquez Corina Rodríguez
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza la narrativa de género del FMI y su coherencia con el tipo de políticas públicas y las acciones que el FMI recomienda a los países en sus acuerdos de préstamos. Analizando diversas dimensiones vinculadas con las brechas de desigualdad de género (la participación laboral, los derechos laborales, el trabajo doméstico y de cuidados no remunerados, la asignación de presupuesto a políticas que favorecen la igualdad, las metodologías para realizar análisis de impacto de género), se concluye que el FMI ha ido construyendo una narrativa de género que resulta estrecha e instrumental, y no contribuye en la práctica a promover los derechos humanos de las mujeres. Asimismo se advierte la contradicción persistente en las acciones que serían necesarias para reducir la desigualdad y los estrechos márgenes de política pública que imponen los acuerdos con el FMI, así como las nocivas implicancias de las políticas que siguen exigiendo. El análisis se realiza con un foco específico al caso de Argentina.
FMI y política social desde el prisma argentino
Authors: Nemiña Pablo , Gulias Tomás , Rudistein Federico
Published: June 2021

El artículo desarrolla un análisis político de la evolución del paradigma de política social del FMI durante las tres últimas décadas. Proponemos que el proceso de incorporación y cambio de la política social en el FMI fue gradual y para nada homogéneo, y refleja un equilibrio estratégico del organismo entre las agendas externas, la legitimidad de las políticas económicas promovidas y su concepción institucional. Siguiendo una estrategia metodológica cualitativa y basados en documentos oficiales y bibliografía secundaria, identificamos tres etapas: el surgimiento de las redes de seguridad social, en la cual la política social era transitoria, focalizada y magra; una transición en la que el concepto se amplió hacia la protección social, aunque con definición vaga; y la etapa pos crisis de 2008 que llega a la actualidad, cuando el FMI adoptó el paradigma del piso de protección social. Este se tradujo en la inclusión progresiva de condicionalidades de gasto social en los acuerdos con países de ingreso bajo y —luego— medio, que reconoce el carácter permanente de la intervención del Estado en temas sociales y el alcance tanto focalizado como extendido (tendiente a la universalidad) de estas medidas.
El impacto de los programas y la condicionalidad del FMI en los derechos laborales
Authors: Lee Su-Hyun , Woo Byungwon
Published: June 2021

¿Los programas y las condiciones del Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) perjudican los derechos laborales de los países que participan de los programas? Los críticos del FMI sostienen que participar de los programas de dicha institución es perjudicial a los derechos laborales, ya que el FMI intenta imponer políticas laborales proempresa a través de condicionalidades en ocasiones en las que un país no tiene otra opción que participar de un programa. En contraposición, la gestión del FMI ha reforzado su discurso en cuanto a la manera en que los programas del FMI intentan impulsar el crecimiento inclusivo, a través del empleo productivo y la protección de la población más vulnerable dentro de cada país. En este artículo, sostenemos que, si bien es posible que el FMI pueda haber intentado que sus programas resulten beneficiosos para los/as trabajadores/as, sus esfuerzos no son suficientes para revertir los efectos negativos que tienen sobre los derechos laborales, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Esto no solo se debe a los cambios directos en las políticas que se exigen en los programas del FMI, sino también a las consecuencias indirectas de la liberalización económica. Demostramos que los programas del FMI que imponen condiciones laborales y económicas más estrictas causan mayor cantidad de efectos perjudiciales, tanto en derechos laborales de iure como en prácticas laborales de facto. Asimismo, nuestro análisis destaca la importancia de la política local y expone que los efectos negativos generales de los programas del FMI pueden ser compensados cuando el gobierno participante es de izquierda o cuando un país adopta un sistema de representación proporcional.