bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Any colour you like. Excited state and ground state proton transfer in flavonols and applications
Authors: Protti Stefano , Mezzetti Alberto
Published: January 2013

The photoinduced and ground state proton transfer processes occurring in flavonols are responsible for their multi-wavelength emission. This peculiar behavior has touched on a wide range of research areas, ranging from biology to chemistry of materials leading, among others, to the development of fluorescent probes for physical and biophysical parameters, laser dyes, and wavelentgh shifting devices. This account aims to be a brief introduction to the multi-faceted applications of flavonols.
The exploitation of new energy plant from mangrove
Authors: Hui-Min Xu , Fung-Yee Tam , Peng-Yuan Li , Qi-Jie Zan , Wen-Bo Liao , Hua-Lin Xu
Published: January 2013

In recent years, due to the scarcity of non-renewable resources, many researchers started to pay more attention to the exploitation of new energy plants and plant biomass as a renewable resource. Salt-tolerant and high-oil plants which can grow well on large areas of saline and alkaline land, such as coastal land, are becoming potential energy resources, since it is not possible to grow energy plants on limited fertile soil land. For instance, the mangrove and many associated plants, which are important in coastal ecosystems, could be considered as potential candidates as energy plants. The application of mangrove as energy plants is very feasible and promising. In this paper, we summarized the investigation of the typical salt-tolerant plants–mangroves and mangrove associates to demonstrate their capacity to become the resources of biomass energy.
Characteristics of a cylindrical collector mirror for laser-produced xenon plasma soft X-rays and improvement of mirror lifetime by buffer gas
Authors: Inoue Tomoaki , Mochizuki Takayasu , Miyamoto Shuji , Masuda Kazuya , Amano Sho , Kanda Kazuhiro
Published: January 2013

The focusing characteristics of a ruthenium-coated cylindrical mirror were investigated on the basis of its ability to collect and focus broadband 5–17-nm soft X-rays emitted from a laser-produced plasma. Based on the plasmas spectral intensity distribution and the reflectivity function of the mirror, we defined the optimum position of the integrated cylindrical mirror at which the X-ray energy flux transported and focused through the mirror was maximum. A minimum spot diameter of 22 mm at a distance of approximately 200 mm from a soft X-ray source was confirmed. The maximum intensity of the collected soft X-rays was 1.3 mJ/cm2 at the center of the irradiation zone. Thus, the irradiation intensity was improved by approximately 27 times when compared to that of 47 μJ/cm2 without the mirror. The debris sputtering rate on the reflection surface of the mirror can be reduced to 1/110 by argon gas at 11 Pa, while the attenuation rate of the soft X-rays due to absorption by the buffer gas can be suppressed to less than 10% at the focal point. The focusing property of the mirror is expected to be maintained for 3000 h or longer without significant degradation for a 100 W/320 pps laser shot if the ruthenium layer is thicker than 10 μm. These results suggest that a stand-alone broadband soft X-ray processing system can be realized by using laser-produced plasma soft X-rays.
A detailed characterization of the transient electron transport within zinc oxide, gallium nitride, and gallium arsenide
Authors: Hadi Walid A. , Chowdhury Shamsul , Shur Michael S. , O'Leary Stephen K.
Published: January 2013

A three-valley Monte Carlo simulation approach is used in order to probe the transient electron transport that occurs within bulk wurtzite zinc oxide, bulk wurtzite gallium nitride, and bulk zinc-blende gallium arsenide. For the purposes of this analysis, we follow the approach of O'Leary et al. [O'Leary et al., Solid State Commun. 150, 2182 (2010)], and study how electrons, initially in thermal equilibrium, respond to the sudden application of a constant applied electric field. Through a determination of the dependence of the transient electron drift velocity on both the time elapsed since the onset of the applied electric field and the applied electric field strength, a complete characterization of the transient electron transport response of these materials is obtained. We then apply these results in order to estimate how the optimal cut-off frequency and the corresponding operating device voltage vary with the device length. We find that while the cut-off frequency found for the case of zinc-blende gallium arsenide, 637 GHz for a device length of 100 nm, is marginally less than that found for the cases of wurtzite zinc oxide and wurtzite gallium nitride, 1.05 and 1.32 THz, respectively, the corresponding operating voltage found for the case of zinc-blende GaAs, 0.08 V, precludes the use of this material for the operation of devices in the terahertz frequency range if higher powers are required; the corresponding operating voltages for the cases of wurtzite ZnO and wurtzite GaN are found to be 8 and 4 V, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate the compelling advantage offered by wurtzite zinc oxide and wurtzite gallium nitride, as opposed to zinc-blende gallium arsenide, for electron devices operating in the terahertz frequency range if higher powers are required.
Numerical simulation of airflow in a solar chimney for cooling buildings in the city of Yazd
Authors: Kalantar Vali
Published: January 2013

This paper investigates numerically a two-dimensional turbulent flow in a solar chimney due to free convection heat transfer. For evaluation of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the system, the basic equations including conservation of mass and momentum in the x, y directions and energy in the Cartesian coordinate are converted to the algebraic form using the finite volume method. This simulation (use the commercial CFD code) provides the profile of temperature, velocity, and mass flow rate variations in the solar chimney in different conditions. These results can be used to evaluate the effective parameters and optimize the performance of the system for natural evaporative cooling and ventilating the buildings. Based on climate conditions in Yazd, the optimum dimension of the width of the chimney is 0.3–0.4 m, inlet height is 0.3 m, and the flow rate created in the system and at the outlet is at 0.18 m3/s. The mean cooling rate resulted from the solar chimney is about 800 W/m2. Considering the long hot and sunny days of summer (about 12 h in Yazd), the use of this system in warm and dry region is recommended. We can save a considerable amount of energy sources such as natural gas or oil and lower CO2 emissions.
Encounter dynamics of a small target by a polymer diffusing in a confined domain
Authors: Amitai A. , Amoruso C. , Ziskind A. , Holcman D.
Published: January 2013

We study the first passage time for a polymer, that we call the narrow encounter time (NETP), to reach a small target located on the surface of a microdomain. The polymer is modeled as a freely joint chain (beads connected by springs with a resting non zero length) and we use Brownian simulations to study two cases: when (i) any of the monomer or (ii) only one can be absorbed at the target window. Interestingly, we find that in the first case, the NETP is an increasing function of the polymer length until a critical length, after which it decreases. Moreover, in the long polymer regime, we identified an exponential scaling law for the NETP as a function of the polymer length. In the second case, the position of the absorbed monomer along the polymer chain strongly influences the NETP. Our analysis can be applied to estimate the mean first time of a DNA fragment to a small target in the chromatin structure or for mRNA to find a small target.
Monitoring of railway embankment settlement with fiber-optic pulsed time-of-flight radar
Authors: Kilpelä Ari , Lyöri Veijo , Duan Guoyong
Published: January 2013

This paper deals with a fiber-optic pulsed time-of-flight (PTOF) laser radar used for monitoring the settlement of a railway embankment. The operating principle is based on evaluating the changes in the lengths of the fiber-optic cables embedded in the embankment by measuring the time separation of the optical pulses reflected from both ends of the sensor fiber. The advantage of this method is that it integrates the elongation of the whole sensor, and many sensor fibers can be connected in series. In a field test, seven polyurethane-coated optical cables were installed in a railway embankment and used as 20-m long sensors. The optical timing pulses were created using specially polished optical connectors. The measured precision was 0.28 ps, which corresponds 1.8 μstrain elongation using a 20 m long sensor fiber, using an averaged value of 10 000 pulses for a single measurement value. The averaged elongation value of all sensors was used for cancelling out the effect of temperature variation on the elongation value of each individual sensor. The functionality of the method was tested by digging away a 7.5 m long and approximately 18 mm high section of sand below one sensor. It was measured as a +3 mm change in the length of the sensor fiber, which matched well with the theoretically calculated elongation value, 2.9 mm. The sensor type proved to be strong but flexible enough for this type of use.
Removal of metals and ceramics by combined effects of micro liquid jet and laser pulse
Authors: Ahn Daehwan , Seo Changho , Kim Dongsik
Published: January 2013

In this work, we analyze a hybrid laser/liquid jet micromachining process for several metals and ceramics based on the optical breakdown of a microdroplet. In the process, materials are removed by the combined effects of a laser pulse and a high-speed pulsed microjet ejected from the microdroplet. The opto-hydrodynamic phenomena occurring during this process and the interaction of the laser/liquid jet with various materials, including copper, aluminum, stainless steel, alumina, and boron nitride, are investigated experimentally. The results show that the laser/liquid jet can remove the materials with substantially increased removal rates and reduced thermal side effects compared with the conventional pulsed laser ablation process. Visualization of the process reveals that the materials are partially ablated and melted by the laser pulse during the early stage of the process and that the molten material is subsequently eliminated by the hydrodynamic impact of the liquid jet.
Molecular modeling study of agglomeration of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester in solvents
Authors: Mortuza S. M. , Banerjee Soumik
Published: January 2013

The molecular interactions between solvent and nanoparticles during photoactive layer formation in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells influence the morphology of the photoactive layer and hence determine the power conversion efficiency. Prediction of optimal synthesis parameters in OPVs, such as choice of solvent, processing temperature, and nanoparticle concentration, requires fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that govern the agglomeration of nanoparticles in solvents. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulations to simulate a commonly used organic nanoparticle, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), in various solvents to correlate solvent-nanoparticle interactions with the size of the agglomerate structure of PCBM. We analyzed the effects of concentration of PCBM and operating temperature on the molecular rearrangement and agglomeration of PCBM in three solvents: (i) toluene, (ii) indane, and (iii) toluene-indane mixture. We evaluated the agglomeration behavior of PCBM by determining sizes of the largest clusters of PCBM and the corresponding size distributions. To obtain further insight into the agglomerate structure of PCBMs, we evaluated radial distribution functions (RDFs) and coordination numbers of the various moieties of PCBMs with respect to solvent atoms as well as with respect to that of other PCBMs. Our simulations demonstrate that PCBMs form larger clusters in toluene while they are relatively dispersed in indane, which indicates the greater solubility of PCBM in indane than in toluene. In toluene-indane mixture, PCBMs are clustered to a greater extent than in indane and less than that in toluene. To correlate agglomerate size to nanoparticle-solvent interactions, we also evaluated the potential of mean force (PMF) of the fullerene moiety of PCBM in toluene and indane. Our results also show that the cluster size of PCBM molecules increases with the increase of concentration of PCBM and the processing temperature. To correlate the PCBM agglomeration with the dynamics of solvents, we evaluated the rotational correlation functions of the solvents. Our results illustrate that toluene relaxes faster than indane in the simulated systems and relaxation time of solvent molecules decreases with the decrease of concentration of PCBM and increase of processing temperature. Results presented in this study provide fundamental insight that can help to choose favorable solvents for processing PCBMs in OPV applications.
A nonlinear analysis of the effect of heat transfer on capillary jet instability
Authors: Pillai Dipin S. , Narayanan Prasanth , Pushpavanam S. , Sundararajan T. , Jasmin Sudha A. , Chellapandi P.
Published: January 2013

Breakup of slender liquid jets under isothermal conditions has been studied extensively. In this work, we investigate the breakup of a viscous jet emanating from an orifice in the presence of convective heat transfer. We study the case where heat is transferred from the jet to the ambient fluid. The temperature varies axially and both viscosity and surface tension are taken to be temperature dependent. Marangoni stresses caused by a thermally induced surface tension gradient are included here. A numerical model based on a one-dimensional slender jet approximation of the equations of motion and heat transfer is used. This results in three coupled nonlinear partial differential equations, which are solved using the method of lines. The advantages of using this approximation lie in (i) its computational elegance and (ii) the physical insight that it provides. We compare the model predictions of both spatial and temporal stability analysis with experiments of a jet of molten Woods metal in water. Molten Woods metal emanating from various orifice diameters (1-10 mm) into water under the action of gravity is analysed for drop sizes and these are compared with the numerical predictions. The presence of heat transfer is found to shorten the breakup length of the jet. This is attributed to the increase in surface tension induced by the heat loss from jet to the ambient. It is found that including the effect of temperature dependence of viscosity and surface tension, however, does not affect the drop size. A critical dimensionless number (Π1 ∼ 10) is found to exist beyond which the breakup is dominated by Marangoni stresses. Below this critical number, the jet breaks up due to the combined effects of the capillary force and the Marangoni stresses. It is shown that including the effect of gravity is necessary to predict the drop size accurately. The results of this work have implications in evaluating safety strategies in the event of a core disruptive accident in a nuclear reactor. A wider application of this analysis is in improving the efficiency of thermally modulated inkjet printing.
Nonlinear stability of magnetic islands in a rotating helical plasma
Authors: Nishimura S. , Toda S. , Yagi M. , Narushima Y.
Published: January 2013

Coexistence of the forced magnetic reconnection by a resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) and the curvature-driven tearing mode is investigated in a helical (stellarator) plasma rotated by helical trapped particle-induced neoclassical flows. A set of Rutherford-type equations of rotating magnetic islands and a poloidal flow evolution equation is revisited. Using the model, analytical expressions of criteria of spontaneous shrinkage (self-healing) of magnetic islands and sudden growth of locked magnetic islands (penetration of RMP) are obtained, where nonlinear saturation states of islands show bifurcation structures and hysteresis characteristics. Considering radial profile of poloidal flows across magnetic islands, it is found that the self-healing is driven by neoclassical viscosity even in the absence of micro-turbulence-induced anomalous viscosity. Effects of unfavorable curvature in stellarators are found to modify the critical values. The scalings of criteria are consistent with low-β experiments in the large helical device.
Stationary density profiles in the Alcator C-mod tokamak
Authors: Kesner J. , Ernst D. , Hughes J. , Mumgaard R. , Scott S. , Shiraiwa S. , Whyte D.
Published: January 2013

In the absence of an internal particle source, plasma turbulence will impose an intrinsic relationship between an inwards pinch and an outwards diffusion resulting in a stationary density profile. The Alcator C-mod tokamak utilizes RF heating and current drive so that fueling only occurs in the vicinity of the separatrix. Discharges that transition from L-mode to I-mode are seen to maintain a self-similar stationary density profile as measured by Thomson scattering. For discharges with negative magnetic shear, an observed rise of the safety factor in the vicinity of the magnetic axis appears to be accompanied by a decrease of electron density, qualitatively consistent with the theoretical expectations.
High responsivity of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide phototransistor with Ta2O5 gate dielectric
Authors: Chang T. H. , Chiu C. J. , Weng W. Y. , Chang S. J. , Tsai T. Y. , Huang Z. D.
Published: January 2013

This study investigates the electrical performance of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a Ta2O5 gate dielectric under monochromatic illumination. The relationship between the phototransistor performance and oxygen partial pressure is determined. The oxygen content of the a-IGZO channel significantly affects the electrical and optical characteristics of a-IGZO TFTs. At applied gate biases of 0, 0, and 0.25 V, oxygen partial pressures of 0%, 0.1%, and 0.2% yielded measured device responsivities of 0.23, 0.44, and 4.75 A/W, respectively. Oxygen content can be used to control the mobility of TFTs, which can amplify photocurrent and enhance the responsivity of a-IGZO TFTs with a Ta2O5 gate dielectric.
Efficient terahertz electro-absorption modulation employing graphene plasmonic structures
Authors: Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi , Yan Rusen , Zhu Mingda , Jena Debdeep , Liu Lei , Grace Xing Huili
Published: January 2013

We propose and discuss terahertz (THz) electro-absorption modulators based on graphene plasmonic structures. The active device consists of a self-gated pair of graphene layers, which are patterned to structures supporting THz plasmonic resonances. These structures allow for efficient control of the effective THz optical conductivity, thus absorption, even at frequencies much higher than the Drude roll-off in graphene where most previously proposed graphene-based devices become inefficient. Our analysis shows that reflectance-based device configurations, engineered so that the electric field is enhanced in the active graphene pair, could achieve very high modulation-depth, even ∼100%, over a wide frequency range up to tens of THz.
Master-oscillator power-amplifier quantum cascade laser array
Authors: Rauter P. , Menzel S. , Goyal A. K. , Gökden B. , Wang C. A. , Sanchez A. , Turner G. W. , Capasso F.
Published: January 2013

We report on the demonstration of an array of master-oscillator power-amplifier quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating in single-mode at different wavelengths between 9.2 and 9.8 μm. In each device, the output of a distributed feedback QCL is injected into a tapered QCL section which acts as an amplifier while maintaining a high beam quality due to adiabatic mode spreading. All array elements feature longitudinal as well as transverse single-mode emission at peak powers between 0.8 and 3.9 W at room temperature. The high output power and excellent beam quality render the array highly suitable for stand-off spectroscopy applications.
Scaling law for direct current field emission-driven microscale gas breakdown
Authors: Venkattraman A. , Alexeenko A. A.
Published: January 2013

The effects of field emission on direct current breakdown in microscale gaps filled with an ambient neutral gas are studied numerically and analytically. Fundamental numerical experiments using the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions method are used to systematically quantify microscale ionization and space-charge enhancement of field emission. The numerical experiments are then used to validate a scaling law for the modified Paschen curve that bridges field emission-driven breakdown with the macroscale Paschen law. Analytical expressions are derived for the increase in cathode electric field, total steady state current density, and the ion-enhancement coefficient including a new breakdown criterion. It also includes the effect of all key parameters such as pressure, operating gas, and field-enhancement factor providing a better predictive capability than existing microscale breakdown models. The field-enhancement factor is shown to be the most sensitive parameter with its increase leading to a significant drop in the threshold breakdown electric field and also to a gradual merging with the Paschen law. The proposed scaling law is also shown to agree well with two independent sets of experimental data for microscale breakdown in air. The ability to accurately describe not just the breakdown voltage but the entire pre-breakdown process for given operating conditions makes the proposed model a suitable candidate for the design and analysis of electrostatic microscale devices.
X-ray emission from a nanosecond-pulse discharge in an inhomogeneous electric field at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Shao Tao , Tarasenko Victor , Ma Hao , Ren Chengyan , Kostyrya Igor D. , Zhang Dongdong , Yan Ping
Published: January 2013

This paper describes experimental studies of the dependence of the X-ray intensity on the anode material in nanosecond high-voltage discharges. The discharges were generated by two nanosecond-pulse generators in atmospheric air with a highly inhomogeneous electric field by a tube-plate gap. The output pulse of the first generator (repetitive pulse generator) has a rise time of about 15 ns and a full width at half maximum of 30–40 ns. The output of the second generator (single pulse generator) has a rise time of about 0.3 ns and a full width at half maximum of 1 ns. The electrical characteristics and the X-ray emission of nanosecond-pulse discharge in atmospheric air are studied by the measurement of voltage-current waveforms, discharge images, X-ray count and dose. Our experimental results showed that the anode material rarely affects electrical characteristics, but it can significantly affect the X-ray density. Comparing the density of X-rays, it was shown that the highest x-rays density occurred in the diffuse discharge in repetitive pulse mode, then the spark discharge with a small air gap, and then the corona discharge with a large air gap, in which the X-ray density was the lowest. Therefore, it could be confirmed that the bremsstrahlung at the anode contributes to the X-ray emission from nanosecond-pulse discharges.
Review Article: Structures of phthalocyanine molecules on surfaces studied by STM
Authors: Wang Yongfeng , Wu Kai , Kröger Jörg , Berndt Richard
Published: January 2013

This review mainly focuses on progress recently achieved in the growth of phthalocyanine molecules on single-crystal surfaces of sub-monolayer up to few-monolayer thin films studied by scanning tunneling microscopy in our groups. On metallic surfaces such as Au(111), Ag(111) and Cu(111), molecular superstructures are determined by combining directional intermolecular interactions caused by symmetry reduction, molecule-substrate interactions and indirect long-range interactions due to quantum interference of surface state electrons. On semiconducting TiO2 surface, molecular assembling structures are dictated by the strong molecule-substrate interaction. However, on insulating NaCl film, molecule-molecule interaction dominates over the molecule-NaCl coupling, leading to molecular growth behavior. Knowledge obtained from these studies would help people better understand the physicochemical properties of the phthalocyanine molecules at surfaces so that their new applications could be further explored and uncovered in the future.
Analysis of optical and electrical crosstalk in small pitch photon trapping HgCdTe pixel arrays
Authors: Schuster J. , Bellotti E.
Published: January 2013

We have investigated the optical and electrical crosstalk in HgCdTe photovoltaic pixel arrays employing a photon trapping (PT) structure realized with a periodic array of pillars. We have used a finite-difference time-domain approach to compute the carrier generation rate in the device and evaluate the optical crosstalk. Subsequently, solving the drift-diffusion equations, we have computed the quantum efficiency and the electrical crosstalk. We have found that, compared to a conventional pixel array, the one employing the photon trapping structure has a slightly higher optical crosstalk. However, the presence of the photon trapping region drastically reduces the electrical (total) crosstalk.
Fano interpretation of second harmonic generation in a photonic crystal on a gel
Authors: Babić Ljubiša , van Dellen Louwrens T. H. , de Dood Michiel J. A.
Published: January 2013

We observe a 104 times enhancement of the second harmonic generation of 1.535 μm laser light in a two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal at normal incidence. The linear properties of the optical modes that are resonant with the fundamental frequency are well described by a Fano model and have a typical quality factor of 100. We present an extended version of the Fano interpretation to quantitatively analyze the second harmonic signal using the measured linear properties as input and find good agreement with the data.
Two dimensional crystal tunneling devices for THz operation
Authors: Kong B. D. , Zeng C. , Gaskill D. K. , Wang K. L. , Kim K. W.
Published: January 2013

Two dimensional crystal heterostructures are shown to possess a unique opportunity for nonlinear THz devices. In contrast to the oxide tunneling barrier, the uniformity of layered crystal insulators provides an ideal condition for tunneling barriers in the atomic scale. Numerical calculations based on a first-principles method clearly indicate the feasibility of diode operation with barriers as thin as two monolayers when placed between graphene-metal asymmetric electrodes. Further analysis predicts cut-off frequencies over 10 THz while maintaining strong nonlinearity for zero-bias rectification. Application to hot electron transistors is also examined, illustrating potentially superior performance in the frequency range inaccessible thus far.
Acceptors in ZnO nanocrystals: A reinterpretation
Authors: Gehlhoff W. , Hoffmann A.
Published: January 2013

In a recent article, Teklemichael et al. reported on the identification of an uncompensated acceptor in ZnO nanocrystals using infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the dark and under illumination. Most of their conclusions, interpretations, and suggestions turned out to be erroneous. The observed EPR signals were interpreted to originate from axial and nonaxial VZn-H defects. We show that the given interpretation of the EPR results is based on misinterpretations of EPR spectra arising from defects in nanocrystals. The explanation of the infrared absorption lines is in conflict with recent results of valence band ordering and valence band splitting.
A John Playford Advertisement
Authors: Coral Lenore
Published: January 2013

The single sheet advertisement of John Playford (British Museum Bagford Collection, Harley 5936/421) was the subject of an introductory article by William C. Smith in 1926. Since then this document, important in the history of English music publishing, has been almost totally neglected.
The Gentlemen and Children of the Chapel Royal of Elizabeth I: An Annotated Register
Authors: Smith Alan
Published: January 2013

The Chapel Royal was Elizabeth's own private choir. It did not sing in one place only, but accompanied her whenever she was in residence at any of her palaces in or near London, except Windsor Castle, where the chapel ranked as a royal peculiar and had its own choir.
Some Festival Programmes of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 1. Salisbury and Winchester
Authors: Reid Douglas J. , Pritchard Brian
Published: January 2013

It was during the eighteenth century that musical festivals - or music meetings, as they were also known - began in England, a movement which still remains a feature of English musical life. A few towns and cities held annual meetings, while others presented occasional gatherings of this type.
The Will of Pelham Humfrey
Authors: Dennison Peter
Published: January 2013

On 30th July 1674 the will of Pelham Humfrey was proved in the Court of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. Humfrey, who remains perhaps most elusive among major composers of the Restoration period, had died at Windsor some two weeks earlier. The location of the will in the Archives Department of the City of Westminster Public Library has provided the longest known example of his handwriting. Manuscripts which have hitherto been considered as possibly being in Humfrey's hand may now be confirmed or rejected as autographs with confidence. The only other unquestionable source of his hand is the minute book of the Corporation of Music in which there are six examples of his signature written between 1672 and 1674. All but one of these are signed exactly as he signed his will; the one differs only in that the christian name is written ‘Pelm’.
British Museum Add Ms. 15117: A Commentary, Index and Bibliography
Authors: Joiner Mary
Published: January 2013

The British Museum manuscript Additional 15117 is well known to scholars and students and many pieces from it have been referred to or transcribed. The collection is usually described as simply a miscellaneous collection of songs and instrumental pieces ranging in date from the 1560s to about 1620. The British Museum catalogue itself suggests that the manuscript contains a very diverse and rather arbitrary collection of music. In the discussion which follows I suggest that the manuscript repays consideration as a complete collection, one compiled possibly over quite a brief period of time and reflecting a single interest: an interest in the music used in and associated with the popular theatre. Any conclusions one is tempted to draw about the total plan and intention of the collection from a study of individual pieces and their relation to one another must, of course, be tentative. However, several of the pieces in the collection - some of them well known from other sources - exist in rather unusual versions or forms and this requires explanation. The cumulative evidence of the conclusions one is led to draw about individual pieces does seem significant and therefore worth recording here even if only as hypothesis.
Some Festival Programmes of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries: 4. Birmingham, Derby, Newcastle Upon Tyne and York
Authors: Pritchard Brian , Reid Douglas J.
Published: January 2013

The festivals which comprise this last instalment in the series of eighteenth— and nineteenth—century programmes come from areas of England hitherto unrepresented. We have included two series of music meetings held in Midland centres, one from the North-east and the series held in York, the “northern metropolis” and the most important cathedral city north of the Trent.
Annotated Membership Lists of the Venetian Instrumentalists’ Guild, 1672–1727
Authors: Selfridge-Field Eleanor
Published: January 2013

Naval records seem an unlikely source of information about musicians, but many unlikely things happened in Venice. It has recently come to light that Venetian craft guilds served as conscription agencies for the Armada and revenue agencies for the Republic. Hence, one of the things that is to be found among naval records in the Venetian State Archives is a series of reports from the instrumentalists’ guild (‘arte di sonadori’) concerning its membership. The surviving documents relate principally to the period from 1672 to 1727, although the alliance of guild and government was operative for several centuries. The reports of membership are notably lengthy (guild membership seems to have been on average about 170) and frequently include members’ ages, knowledge of which was vital to estimates of potential naval strength. In the following pages the reader will find an annotated listing of names and ages representing the contents of the seven membership lists in the fascicle labelled ‘Sonadori’ in Bus ta 553 of the archival source ‘Milizia da Mar’. No corresponding records of a guild of ‘cantori’ have come to light.
A Handlist of the Sources of John Jenkins’ Vocal and Instrumental Music
Authors: Coxon Carolyn
Published: January 2013

This handlist is designed to show what survives of John Jenkins’ enormous output of instrumental music. Details of manuscripts and printed books and their location are given, with available information on modern editions. Vast numbers of MSS survive, many of them duplicate copies of the same pieces. They vary in quality and completeness. A brief outline of the matters relevant to the selection of the best source for any given work may therefore be useful.
An Eighteenth-Century Scottish Music Library
Authors: Johnson David
Published: January 2013

The musical life of Scotland was transformed beyond recognition during the 18th century. In 1700 Scotland had been a musical backwater, supporting few professional performers and no composers whatsoever: by 1775 Edinburgh and Aberdeen could boast, between them, of several concerts a week during the winter season, and ten or twelve resident composers capable of writing orchestral music.
On The Identity of Weelkes’ ‘Fogo’
Authors: Milne J. G. C.
Published: January 2013

Recently I found myself again singing Weelkes' “Thule, the period of cosmography” from the Madrigals of Six Parts published in 1600 and, not for the first time, wondered where Fogo is:-

“The Andalusian merchant, that returns

Laden with cochineal and China dishes,

Reports in Spain how strangely Fogo burns

Amidst an ocean full of flying fishes.”

The first part of the madrigal refers to Hekla and Etna, both well-known volcanoes of the present day, but the location of Fogo is much less certain. E.H. Fellowes stated that it was a volcano in Tierra del Fuego but gave no evidence to support such an identification. It seems that everyone nowadays merely repeats Fellowes’ opinion, and it is quoted unchanged in the latest edition of English Madrigal Verse.
Jacobean Musicians at Hatfield House, 1605–1613
Authors: Charteris Richard
Published: January 2013

Among the Cecil Family and Estate Papers (hereafter referred to as C. F. E. P.) at Hatfield House, are a large number of bills, accounts and letters which help to cast new light not only on the musical life of an important aristocratic family, but also on the activities of a number of musicians already known for their association with other households and with the royal court. The references in the Papers to the years 1605–1613 are gratifyingly extensive. The same cannot be said for the years on either side of this period, a fact which reflects the scarcity of the available records rather than reduced enthusiasm for music and its cultivation. Consequently, this article confines itself to the period 1605–1613 which covers the last years of the life of Robert Cecil (1563–1612). Cecil's position as Secretary of State to Elizabeth I from 1596 and after her death to James I, brought him into regular contact with the royal court; it not only earned him the title of Earl of Salisbury in 1605, but required him to adopt a life style in which musicians were an integral part. Significantly, most of the musicians who appear among the C. F. E. P. were also active at court. Those mentioned in these papers include Thomas Campion, John Coprario, Thomas Dallam, Cormack Dermode, Nicholas Lanier, George Mason and Thomas Warwick.
Consort Music Manuscripts in Archbishop Marsh's Library, Dublin
Authors: Charteris Richard
Published: January 2013

Archbishop Marsh's Library, otherwise known as the Library of St. Sepulchre, is adjacent to St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, and was founded in 1704 by Narcissus Marsh D. D. (1638–1713), Archbishop of Armagh. Today the library contains over 20, 000 books and 300 manuscripts; the manuscripts and special books, including some music books, are located in the manuscript room, which is on the main landing before entering the first gallery of the library - all items in the manuscript room bear the press mark ‘Z’. To be found among the general holdings is a small, but valuable, collection of music manuscripts and printed books on music; some of the items were collected by Marsh himself, and date from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Among the seventeenth-century manuscripts is a group which contains instrumental consort music, and these are the ones which will be discussed in this article.
The Music of Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Lincoln College Latin 89
Authors: Seaman Ann-Marie , Rastall Richard
Published: January 2013

Lincoln College MS Latin 89 is really two manuscripts bound together, the second of which is the remains of an early 15th-century choirbook. In Coxe's catalogue of manuscripts in Oxford colleges and halls, no mention is made of the leaves containing music, although the copy in the Bodleian Library has a supplementary entry for the music, handwritten at the bottom of the page and easily missed. It is perhaps Coxe's omission that is responsible for the manuscript's exclusion from Anselm Hughes's invaluable hand-list and subsequently even from RISM.
Drolls, Drolleries and Mid-Seventeenth-Century Dramatic Music in England
Authors: Chan Mary
Published: January 2013

During the Civil War and Commonwealth periods in England (1642–60), public dramatic performances were, with some exceptions, officially prohibited. Rollins (1921; 1923) has shown at length, however, that a good deal of clandestine and semi-public performance of drama and related arts did in fact take place over these years. One anthology which brings together short dramatic pieces that were allegedly acted surreptitiously during the period is Kirkman's collection of ‘drolls’,The Wits, published after the Restoration (part 1, 1662–72; part 2, 1673).
Musical Developments in the School of Aristotle
Authors: Anderson Warren
Published: January 2013

At the end of his life, Socrates reported a command which he had received in a dream. This is, of course, the Platonic Socrates; the Socrates of Xenophon would never have had anything to do with so trifling a pursuit as musical composition. According to Plato, he was told, ‘Compose musical settings of poetry; make this your regular practice’ (Phaedo 60e6–7: , mousikēn poiei kai ergadzou).
The Origins of the Fuging Tune
Authors: Temperley Nicholas
Published: January 2013

The fuging psalm or hymn tune is a form whose existence one would hardly suspect from any history of English music. Yet is was a product of the Church of England, and there are more than six hundred and fifty specimens in English eighteenth-century printed sources alone. Its neglect is readily explained by the fact that it lies on the borderline of art music: the musicians who developed it were obscure country singers without professional training; but at the same time it does not fall within the definition of ‘folk music’ that we have inherited from the Cecil Sharp era, for it is written music designed for rehearsed performance. We may or may not wish to hear or sing these tunes today. But our understanding of eighteenth-century English musical life must be incomplete if it does not take into account a form that was so distinctive and so widely appreciated at the time.
Music and Theory in Late Thirteenth-Century Paris: The Manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale,Fonds Lat.11266
Authors: Everist Mark
Published: January 2013

The rarity of thirteenth-century manuscript sources containing representative examples from both musical and theoretical traditions is a notorious disadvantage to any study of the polyphony of thears antiqua.Such a source is the earliest recension of Lambertus'sTractatus de musica, now housed in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris under the shelf number 11266, which transmits seven thirteenth-century double motets. However, one ought not simply to assume that the musical compositions illustrate the practice of the treatise, as both Coussemaker (1865, 169ff) and Ludwig (1910, 1/2, 590ff) did. Even since then, most critics have followed the assumptions of these two authors (Gennrich 1957, XLII; Anderson 1971, 39; Norwood 1978, 80; Baltzer 1980). An examination of the data on which these hypotheses are based may lead to a re-assessment of the relationship between music and theory in this manuscript and may suggest alternative interpretations.
Karl von Ordonez (1734–1786): A Biographical Study
Authors: Young David
Published: January 2013

Of the great many minor yet significant composers who lived around the time of Haydn and Mozart and who deserve to be better known, Karl von Ordonez, a Viennese composer born two years after Haydn, has been the subject of much recent scholarly interest. Landon (1959) introduced this composer to the modern musical world, he has since figured in numerous books, monographs and articles (most notably Landon 1962a and 1978, Kirkendale 1966, Apfel 1972, and Larsen 1978), and he has been the subject of several recent studies (Brown 1974a, 1974b, 1978, 1981a, 1981b, and Young 1980b). However, no detailed biographical study has yet been published, and it is the purpose of the present article to meet this need.
Unknown and Unidentified English Polyphonic Music from the Fourteenth Century
Authors: Summers William J.
Published: January 2013

Since the appearance of Luther Dittmer's The Worcester Fragments: a catalogue raisonné (1957), and Worcester Additional 68, Westminster Abbey 33327, Madrid Bibl. nac. 192: a facsimile edition (1959), queries have arisen concerning a number of the descriptions, datings and other aspects of his inventory and transcriptions of Worcester Cathedral Library, Add. 68 (hereafter WOc 68). This is hardly the place to go into the many debated and debatable points which emerged (see Bent 1973, 65–6; Hughes 1974, 230). More to the point is the discovery of an unknown fragmentary and textless Sanctus, one barely visible to the naked eye, on the recto of f.bl of fragment xix of WOc 68 (see the revised inventory for this fragment, Table 1). The cathedral librarians, Canons Fenwick and Browning, kindly permitted the transfer of this fragment on a number of occasions to the Hereford and Worcester County Record Office, which is equipped with an ultraviolet lamp. The portion of the Sanctus which survives is a Benedictus for three voices, notated in score format in English discant (ex. 1). The lowest voice corresponds almost exactly with the third Sarum Sanctus, here without the trope Marie filius (Frere 1894, plate 15∗), the chant sounding at pitch and without ornamentation. Thus this composition brings the total number of English discant settings with the chant exclusively as the lowest voice to nine. The notation (the abundance of minims) and musical style (the obvious treble domination and use of sequential patterns in the highest voice) suggest that this work should be dated in the latter half, and probably the final third, of the fourteenth century.
Vienna, Austrian National Library, Manuscript 18810: A Repertory Study and Manuscript Inventory With Concordances
Authors: Robison John O.
Published: January 2013

Ms 18810 of the austrian national library has long been known to scholars as an important source of the secular works of Ludwig Senfl, Heinrich Isaac, and Paul Hofhaimer. Most of the remaining compositions in the manuscript, however, have been overlooked because they are either anonymous or by lesser-known composers. The purposes of this paper will be to discuss the manuscript and its contents, examine the musical styles found within it, and present an inventory more complete than that made more than eighty years ago by Josef Mantuani (1899, vol. 10, 219–24)’.
Oxford, Christ Church Music MSS 984–8: An Index and Commentary
Authors: Mateer David
Published: January 2013

Robert Dow, the original owner of Oxford, Christ Church (Och) MSS 984–8, was the eldest son of Robert Dow (1517–1612), citizen and Merchant Taylor of London. According to the 1568 Heraldic Visitation of London, Robert junior was fifteen at that time, and so was born in 1553; he had four brothers, John, Henry, Thomas and Richard, aged twelve, ten, five and two and a half years respectively. Since both John and Henry attended Merchant Taylors’ School, it is probable that Robert did likewise, though we cannot be certain of this since no accurate register of pupils was kept until Robert Dow senior instituted the School's Probation Books in 1607. Another not unreasonable expectation would be that the young Robert went up to St John's College, Oxford, given his father's munificience towards that College and its strong links with the Merchant Taylors’ Company. However, such an assumption would be unwarranted, and indeed, no Oxford college has any official record of him as an undergraduate. Fortunately in the British Library there are three holograph letters in Latin from Dow to Lord Burghley, dated 20 September, 4 October and 8 November 1573, written ‘Oxoniae (Oxonij), in Collegio Corporis Christi’. Since he does not sign himself ‘discipulus’ or ‘alumnus’, it is hardly surprising that there is no mention of his name in the College's Registers, and therefore the most likely explanation for his presence at Corpus Christi is that he was a gentleman-commoner, though this cannot be verified. Whatever his status, we know that Robert Dow definitely proceeded B.A., for the Oxford University Register of Congregation and Convocation 1564–82 has the following entry for 12 October 1573 recording his supplication for that degree:

Supplicat etc. Robertus Dowe scholaris facultatis artium quatenus in studio dialectices quatuor annos posuerit generalis creatus fuerit bacchalaurio xlma respondent ceteraque omnia perfecerit quae per nova statuta requiruntur ut haec ei sufficiant ut admittatur ad aliquem librum logices legendum. Concessa [est] modo determinet proxima xlma 7.
Music Publishing in Italy, c.1580–c.1625: Some Preliminary Observations
Authors: Carter Tim
Published: January 2013

Many scholars have attempted to come to terms with the stylistic diversification and experimentation that characterises Italian sacred and secular music at the turn of the sixteenth century. Changes in aesthetic attitudes and musical styles are both seen as typical of the transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque periods. However, an important source for documenting this transition-the activities of the major music publishing houses in Italy centred largely in Venice, Rome, Milan and Naples-has been unduly neglected. To what extent did these activities reflect, or even influence, the course of musical development during this period, and how can an account of them aid the scholar in solving the complex historical problems of this transitional age?