bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lynch Syndrome: An Updated Review
Authors: Sehgal Rishabh , Sheahan Kieran , O'Connell Patrick , Hanly Ann , Martin Sean , Winter Desmond
Published: June 2014

Lynch syndrome is one of the most common cancer susceptibility syndromes. Individuals with Lynch syndrome have a 50%–70% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer, 40%–60% risk of endometrial cancer, and increased risks of several other malignancies. It is caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2. In a subset of patients, Lynch syndrome is caused by 3' end deletions of the EPCAM gene, which can lead to epigenetic silencing of the closely linked MSH2. Relying solely on age and family history based criteria inaccurately identifies eligibility for Lynch syndrome screening or testing in 25%–70% of cases. There has been a steady increase in Lynch syndrome tumor screening programs since 2000 and institutions are rapidly adopting a universal screening approach to identify the patients that would benefit from genetic counseling and germline testing. These include microsatellite instability testing and/or immunohistochemical testing to identify tumor mismatch repair deficiencies. However, universal screening is not standard across institutions. Furthermore, variation exists regarding the optimum method for tracking and disclosing results. In this review, we summarize traditional screening criteria for Lynch syndrome, and discuss universal screening methods. International guidelines are necessary to standardize Lynch syndrome high-risk clinics.
Hair Mercury Concentrations and Fish Consumption Patterns in Florida Residents
Authors: Schaefer Adam , Jensen Emily , Bossart Gregory , Reif John
Published: June 2014

Mercury exposure through the consumption of fish and shellfish represents a significant public health concern in the United States. Recent research has demonstrated higher seafood consumption and subsequent increased risk of methylmercury exposure among subpopulations living in coastal areas. The identification of high concentrations of total mercury in blood and skin among resident Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), a coastal estuary in Florida, alerted us to a potential public health hazard in the contiguous human population. Therefore, we analyzed hair mercury concentrations of residents living along the IRL and ascertained their sources and patterns of seafood consumption. The total mean mercury concentration for 135 residents was 1.53 ± 1.89 µg/g. The concentration of hair mercury among males (2.02 ± 2.38 µg/g) was significantly higher than that for females (0.96 ± 0.74 µg/g) (p < 0.01). Log transformed hair mercury concentration was significantly associated with the frequency of total seafood consumption (p < 0.01). Individuals who reported consuming seafood once a day or more were 3.71 (95% CI 0.84–16.38) times more likely to have a total hair mercury concentration over 1.0 µg/g, which corresponds approximately to the U.S. EPA reference dose, compared to those who consumed seafood once a week or less. Hair mercury concentration was also significantly higher among individuals who obtained all or most of their seafood from local recreational sources (p < 0.01). The elevated human mercury concentrations mirror the elevated concentrations observed in resident dolphins in the same geographical region. The current study is one of the first to apply the concept of a sentinel animal to a contiguous human population.
Impact of Residential Greenness on Preschool Children’s Emotional and Behavioral Problems
Authors: Balseviciene Birute , Sinkariova Liuda , Grazuleviciene Regina , Andrusaityte Sandra , Uzdanaviciute Inga , Dedele Audrius , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark
Published: June 2014

This study investigated the effects of the proximity to city parks and the influence of residential greenness on children’s emotional and behavioral problems. This cross-sectional study included 1,468 mothers of children (ages 4 to 6) who were residents of the city of Kaunas, Lithuania. The mothers and their children were enrolled in the FP7 PHENOTYPE project study. The mothers reported on their parenting stress and their children’s mental health. Residential greenness was characterized as an average of the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in a 300 m buffer around each home address, and the proximity to city parks was defined as the distance from the subject’s residence to the nearest park. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association among the residence distances from city parks, greenness and children’s mental health problems. Farther residential distance from city parks was associated with worse mental health (except for the emotional problems subscale) in children whose mothers had a lower education level. More residential greenness was associated with worse mental health (more conditional problems and less prosocial behavior) in children whose mothers had a higher education level. These relationships have important implications for the prevention of emotional and behavioral problems in children.
The REST Gene Signature Predicts Drug Sensitivity in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines and Is Significantly Associated with Neuroblastoma Tumor Stage
Authors: Liang Jianfeng , Tong Pan , Zhao Wanni , Li Yaqiao , Zhang Li , Xia Ying , Yu Yanbing
Published: June 2014

Neuroblastoma is the most common and deadly solid tumor in children, and there is currently no effective treatment available for neuroblastoma patients. The repressor element-1 silencing transcription (REST) factor has been found to play important roles in the regulation of neural differentiation and tumorigenesis. Recently, a REST signature consisting of downstream targets of REST has been reported to have clinical relevance in both breast cancer and glioblastoma. However it remains unclear how the REST signature works in neuroblastoma. Publicly available datasets were mined and bioinformatic approaches were used to investigate the utility of the REST signature in neuroblastoma with both preclinical and real patient data. The REST signature was found to be associated with drug sensitivity in neuroblastoma cell lines. Further, neuroblastoma patients with enhanced REST activity are significantly associated with higher clinical stages. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11q23, which occurs in a large subset of high-risk neuroblastomas, tends to be correlated with high REST activity, with marginal significance. In conclusion, the REST signature has important implications for targeted therapy, and it is a prognostic factor in neuroblastoma patients.
Development of Laser Ionization Techniques for Evaluation of the Effect of Cancer Drugs Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kannen Hiroki , Hazama Hisanao , Kaneda Yasufumi , Fujino Tatsuya , Awazu Kunio
Published: June 2014

Recently, combined therapy using chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed as a means of improving treatment outcomes. In order to evaluate the efficacy of combined therapy, it is necessary to determine the distribution of the anticancer drug and the photosensitizer. We investigated the use of imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to simultaneously observe the distributions of an anticancer drug and photosensitizer administered to cancer cells. In particular, we sought to increase the sensitivity of detection of the anticancer drug docetaxel and the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) by optimizing the ionization-assisting reagents. When we used a matrix consisting of equal weights of a zeolite (NaY5.6) and a conventional organic matrix (6-aza-2-thiothymine) in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, the signal intensity of the sodium-adducted ion of docetaxel (administered at 100 μM) increased about 13-fold. Moreover, we detected docetaxel with the zeolite matrix using the droplet method, and detected PpIX by fluorescence and IMS with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) using the spray method.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Critically Endangered Yangtze Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) as Revealed by Mitochondrial and Microsatellite DNA
Authors: Chen Minmin , Zheng Jinsong , Wu Min , Ruan Rui , Zhao Qingzhong , Wang Ding
Published: June 2014

Ecological surveys have indicated that the population of the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP, Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is becoming increasingly small and fragmented, and will be at high risk of extinction in the near future. Genetic conservation of this population will be an important component of the long-term conservation effort. We used a 597 base pair mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and 11 microsatellite loci to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of the YFP. The analysis of both mtDNA and microsatellite loci suggested that the genetic diversity of the YFP will possibly decrease in the future if the population keeps declining at a rapid rate, even though these two types of markers revealed different levels of genetic diversity. In addition, mtDNA revealed strong genetic differentiation between one local population, Xingchang–Shishou (XCSS), and the other five downstream local populations; furthermore, microsatellite DNA unveiled fine but significant genetic differentiation between three of the local populations (not only XCSS but also Poyang Lake (PY) and Tongling (TL)) and the other local populations. With an increasing number of distribution gaps appearing in the Yangtze main steam, the genetic differentiation of local populations will likely intensify in the future. The YFP is becoming a genetically fragmented population. Therefore, we recommend attention should be paid to the genetic conservation of the YFP.
The Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Protects against Dyslipidemia-Related Kidney Injury in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice
Authors: Li Jingjing , Guan Meiping , Li Chenzhong , Lyv Fuping , Zeng Yanmei , Zheng Zongji , Wang Chengzhi , Xue Yaoming
Published: June 2014

The goal of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of sitagliptin against dyslipidemia-related kidney injury in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE−/−) mice. Eight-week-old male apoE−/− mice were randomized to receive either a high fat diet (HFD, apoE−/− group) or HFD mixed with sitagliptin (sita + apoE−/− group) for 16 weeks. A control group of age- and gender-matched C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD. The apoE−/− group exhibited increases in body weight and serum lipid levels in addition to high-density lipoprotein, and increases in 24-h urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and albuminuria excretion. Decreased insulin sensitivity was also observed in the apoE−/− group. These mice additionally contained enlargements of the glomerular mesangial matrix area, lipid deposition area, and renal interstitium collagen area. The apoE−/− group also demonstrated down-regulation of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), increases in renal mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin (FN), and increased protein expression of Akt, TGF-β1, FN and p38/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Sitagliptin treatment successfully ameliorated all the deleterious effects of dyslipidemia tested. To our knowledge, this is the first time that sitagliptin has been shown to reverse the renal dysfunction and structural damage induced by dyslipidemia in apoE−/− mice. Our results suggest that the renoprotective mechanism of sitagliptin may be due to a reduction in Akt levels, a restoration of AMPK activity, and inhibition of TGF-β1, FN, and p38/ERK MAPK signaling pathways.
PKM2: The Thread Linking Energy Metabolism Reprogramming with Epigenetics in Cancer
Authors: Chen Ling , Shi Ying , Liu Shuang , Cao Ya , Wang Xiang , Tao Yongguang
Published: June 2014

Cancer metabolism reprogramming or alterations in epigenetics are linked to an incidence of cancer. It is apparent that epigenetic changes have been found in tumors, therefore, the complete epigenome and entire pathways relevant to cell metabolism are subject to epigenetic dysregulation. Here, we review the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) isoform, a glycolytic enzyme involved in ATP generation and pyruvate production, which plays an essential role in tumor metabolism and growth, and also functions as a protein kinase that phosphorylates histones during genes transcription and chromatin remodeling. We also discuss the potential role of PKM2 in the dynamic integration between metabolic reprogramming and alterations in epigenetics during carcinogenesis and cancer progression.
Chrysin, Apigenin and Acacetin Inhibit Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis—Inducing Ligand Receptor-1 (TRAIL-R1) on Activated RAW264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Warat Monika , Szliszka Ewelina , Korzonek-Szlacheta Ilona , Król Wojciech , Czuba Zenon
Published: June 2014

Expression level of Tumor Necrosis Factor—related apoptosis—inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors is one of the most important factors of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. We here report for the first time data concerning TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 receptor expression on RAW264.7 macrophages. Three substances belonging to flavones: chrysin, apigenin and acacetin which differ from their substituents at the 4' position in the phenyl ring were used in assays because of the variety of biological activities (e.g., anticancer activity) of the polyphenol compounds. The expression of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 death receptors on non-stimulated and LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated macrophages was determined using flow cytometry. We demonstrate that RAW264.7 macrophages exhibit TRAIL-R1 surface expression and that the tested compounds: chrysin, apigenin and acacetin can inhibit TRAIL-R1 death receptor expression level on macrophages.
Welding and Joining of Titanium Aluminides
Authors: Cao Jian , Qi Junlei , Song Xiaoguo , Feng Jicai
Published: June 2014

Welding and joining of titanium aluminides is the key to making them more attractive in industrial fields. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in welding and joining of titanium aluminides, as well as to introduce current research and application. The possible methods available for titanium aluminides involve brazing, diffusion bonding, fusion welding, friction welding and reactive joining. Of the numerous methods, solid-state diffusion bonding and vacuum brazing have been most heavily investigated for producing reliable joints. The current state of understanding and development of every welding and joining method for titanium aluminides is addressed respectively. The focus is on the fundamental understanding of microstructure characteristics and processing–microstructure–property relationships in the welding and joining of titanium aluminides to themselves and to other materials.
Molecular Diagnostic Applications in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huth Laura , Jäkel Jörg , Dahl Edgar
Published: June 2014

Colorectal cancer, a clinically diverse disease, is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Application of novel molecular diagnostic tests, which are summarized in this article, may lead to an improved survival of colorectal cancer patients. Distinction of these applications is based on the different molecular principles found in colorectal cancer (CRC). Strategies for molecular analysis of single genes (as KRAS or TP53) as well as microarray based techniques are discussed. Moreover, in addition to the fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy some novel assays offer approaches for early detection of colorectal cancer like the multitarget stool DNA test or the blood-based Septin 9 DNA methylation test. Liquid biopsy analysis may also exhibit great diagnostic potential in CRC for monitoring developing resistance to treatment. These new diagnostic tools and the definition of molecular biomarkers in CRC will improve early detection and targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Wrapping Films and Wrapped PDO Italian Cheeses by Using HS-SPME and GC/MS
Authors: Panseri Sara , Chiesa Luca , Zecconi Alfonso , Soncini Gabriella , De Noni Ivano
Published: June 2014

Nowadays food wrapping assures attractive presentation and simplifies self-service shopping. Polyvinylchloride (PVC)- and polyethylene (PE)-based cling-films are widely used worldwide for wrapping cheeses. For this purpose, films used in retail possess suitable technical properties such as clinginess and unrolling capacity, that are achieved by using specific plasticizers during their manufacturing process. In the present study, the main VOCs of three cling-films (either PVC-based or PE-based) for retail use were characterized by means of Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction and GC/MS. In addition, the effects of cling film type and contact time on the migration of VOCs from the films to four different PDO Italian cheeses during cold storage under light or dark were also investigated. Among the VOCs isolated from cling-films, PVC released 2-ethylhexanol and triacetin. These compounds can likely be considered as a “non-intentionally added substance”. These same compounds were also detected in cheeses wrapped in PVC films with the highest concentration found after 20 days storage. The PE cling-film was shown to possess a simpler VOC profile, lacking some molecules peculiar to PVC films. The same conclusions can be drawn for cheeses wrapped in the PE cling-film. Other VOCs found in wrapped cheeses were likely to have been released either by direct transfer from the materials used for the manufacture of cling-films or from contamination of the films. Overall, HS-SPME is shown to be a rapid and solvent free technique to screen the VOCs profile of cling-films, and to detect VOCs migration from cling-films to cheese under real retail storage conditions.
Synthesis, Anti-microbial and Molecular Docking Studies of Quinazolin-4(3H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Mabkhot Yahia , Al-Har Munirah , Barakat Assem , Aldawsari Fahad , Aldalbahi Ali , Ul-Haq Zaheer
Published: June 2014

In this work, synthesis, antimicrobial activities and molecular docking studies of some new series of substituted quinazolinone 2a–h and 3a–d were described. Starting form 2-aminobenzamide derivatives 1, a new series of quinazolinone derivatives has been synthesized, in high yields, assisted by microwave and classical methods. Some of these substituted quinazolinones were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Esherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis), and anti-fungal activity against (Aspergillus fumigatus, Saccharomyces cervevisiae, and Candida albicans) using agar well diffusion method. Among the prepared products, 3-benzyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (3a) was found to exhibits the most potent in vitro anti-microbial activity with MICs of 25.6 ± 0.5, 24.3 ± 0.4, 30.1 ± 0.6, and 25.1 ± 0.5 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Esherichia coli, respectively. Compound 3a was found to exhibits the most potent in vitro anti-fungal activity with MICs of 18.3 ± 0.6, 23.1 ± 0.4, and 26.1 ± 0. 5 µg/mL against Aspergillus fumigatus, Saccharomyces cervevisiae, and Candidaal bicans, respectively.
The Use of Supported Acidic Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Skoda-Földes Rita
Published: June 2014

Catalysts obtained by the immobilisation of acidic ionic liquids (ILs) on solid supports offer several advantages compared to the use of catalytically active ILs themselves. Immobilisation may result in an increase in the number of accessible active sites of the catalyst and a reduction of the amount of the IL required. The ionic liquid films on the carrier surfaces provide a homogeneous environment for catalytic reactions but the catalyst appears macroscopically as a dry solid, so it can simply be separated from the reaction mixture. As another advantage, it can easily be applied in a continuous fixed bed reactor. In the present review the main synthetic strategies towards the preparation of supported Lewis acidic and Brønsted acidic ILs are summarised. The most important characterisation methods and structural features of the supported ionic liquids are presented. Their efficiency in catalytic reactions is discussed with special emphasis on their recyclability.
A New Xanthone from Moutabea guianensis Aubl
Authors: Da S. Ripardo Filho Haroldo , Pacheco Luidi , Da S. Andrade Edinaldo , Correa Marivaldo , Guilhon Gisele , Santos Lourivaldo
Published: June 2014

The ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Moutabea guianensis gave 1,6-dihydroxy-4,7,8-trimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (1), a new xanthone. The isolation was accomplished by column chromatography on silica gel and the structural elucidation of this compound was established by spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS.
Ultrasonic Extraction of Antioxidants from Chinese Sumac (Rhus typhina L.) Fruit Using Response Surface Methodology and Their Characterization
Authors: Lai Jixiang , Wang Huifang , Wang Donghui , Fang Fang , Wang Fengzhong , Wu Tao
Published: June 2014

For the first time, response surface methodology (RSM) using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the conditions for ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidants from Chinese sumac (Rhus typhina L.) fruits. Initially, influencing factors such as liquid-solid ratio, duration of ultrasonic assisted extraction, pH range, extraction temperature and ethanol concentration were identified using single-factor experiments. Then, with respect to the three most significant influencing factors, the extraction process focusing on the DPPH· scavenging capacity of antioxidants was optimized using RSM. Results showed that the optimal conditions for antioxidant extraction were 13.03:1 (mL/g) liquid-solid ratio, 16.86 min extraction time and 40.51% (v/v) ethanol, and the desirability was 0.681. The UPLC-ESI-MS analysis results revealed eleven kinds of phenolic compounds, including four major rare anthocyanins, among the antioxidants. All these results suggest that UAE is efficient at extracting antioxidants and has the potential to be used in industry for this purpose.
Bone Marrow Protein Oxidation in Response to Ionizing Radiation in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Kim Yong-Chul , Barshishat-Kupper Michal , McCart Elizabeth , Mueller Gregory , Day Regina
Published: June 2014

The bone marrow is one of the most radio-sensitive tissues. Accidental ionizing radiation exposure can damage mature blood cells and hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells, and mortality can result from hematopoietic insufficiency and infection. Ionizing radiation induces alterations in gene and protein expression in hematopoietic tissue. Here we investigated radiation effects on protein carbonylation, a primary marker for protein oxidative damage. C57BL/6 mice were either sham irradiated or exposed to 7.5 Gy 60Co (0.6 Gy/min) total body irradiation. Bone marrow was obtained 24 h post-irradiation. Two dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and Oxyblot immunodetection were used to discover carbonylated proteins, and peptide mass fingerprinting was performed for identification. 2D gels allowed the detection of 13 carbonylated proteins in the bone marrow; seven of these were identified, with two pairs of the same protein. Baseline levels of carbonylation were found in 78 kDa glucose-related protein, heat shock protein cognate 71 KDa, actin, chitinase-like protein 3 (CHI3L1), and carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII). Radiation increased carbonylation in four proteins, including CHI3L1 and CAII, and induced carbonylation of one additional protein (not identified). Our findings indicate that the profile of specific protein carbonylation in bone marrow is substantially altered by ionizing radiation. Accordingly, protein oxidation may be a mechanism for reduced cell viability.
Android Platform Based Smartphones for a Logistical Remote Association Repair Framework
Authors: Lien Shao-Fan , Wang Chun-Chieh , Su Juhng-Perng , Chen Hong-Ming , Wu Chein-Hsing
Published: June 2014

The maintenance of large-scale systems is an important issue for logistics support planning. In this paper, we developed a Logistical Remote Association Repair Framework (LRARF) to aid repairmen in keeping the system available. LRARF includes four subsystems: smart mobile phones, a Database Management System (DBMS), a Maintenance Support Center (MSC) and wireless networks. The repairman uses smart mobile phones to capture QR-codes and the images of faulty circuit boards. The captured QR-codes and images are transmitted to the DBMS so the invalid modules can be recognized via the proposed algorithm. In this paper, the Linear Projective Transform (LPT) is employed for fast QR-code calibration. Moreover, the ANFIS-based data mining system is used for module identification and searching automatically for the maintenance manual corresponding to the invalid modules. The inputs of the ANFIS-based data mining system are the QR-codes and image features; the output is the module ID. DBMS also transmits the maintenance manual back to the maintenance staff. If modules are not recognizable, the repairmen and center engineers can obtain the relevant information about the invalid modules through live video. The experimental results validate the applicability of the Android-based platform in the recognition of invalid modules. In addition, the live video can also be recorded synchronously on the MSC for later use.
A Compact Methodology to Understand, Evaluate, and Predict the Performance of Automatic Target Recognition
Authors: Li Yanpeng , Li Xiang , Wang Hongqiang , Chen Yiping , Zhuang Zhaowen , Cheng Yongqiang , Deng Bin , Wang Liandong , Zeng Yonghu , Gao Lei
Published: June 2014

This paper offers a compacted mechanism to carry out the performance evaluation work for an automatic target recognition (ATR) system: (a) a standard description of the ATR system’s output is suggested, a quantity to indicate the operating condition is presented based on the principle of feature extraction in pattern recognition, and a series of indexes to assess the output in different aspects are developed with the application of statistics; (b) performance of the ATR system is interpreted by a quality factor based on knowledge of engineering mathematics; (c) through a novel utility called “context-probability” estimation proposed based on probability, performance prediction for an ATR system is realized. The simulation result shows that the performance of an ATR system can be accounted for and forecasted by the above-mentioned measures. Compared to existing technologies, the novel method can offer more objective performance conclusions for an ATR system. These conclusions may be helpful in knowing the practical capability of the tested ATR system. At the same time, the generalization performance of the proposed method is good.
Directional Joint Bilateral Filter for Depth Images
Authors: Le Anh , Jung Seung-Won , Won Chee
Published: June 2014

Depth maps taken by the low cost Kinect sensor are often noisy and incomplete. Thus, post-processing for obtaining reliable depth maps is necessary for advanced image and video applications such as object recognition and multi-view rendering. In this paper, we propose adaptive directional filters that fill the holes and suppress the noise in depth maps. Specifically, novel filters whose window shapes are adaptively adjusted based on the edge direction of the color image are presented. Experimental results show that our method yields higher quality filtered depth maps than other existing methods, especially at the edge boundaries.
The Inertial Attitude Augmentation for Ambiguity Resolution in SF/SE-GNSS Attitude Determination
Authors: Zhu Jiancheng , Hu Xiaoping , Zhang Jingyu , Li Tao , Wang Jinling , Wu Meiping
Published: June 2014

The Unaided Single Frequency/Single Epoch Global Navigation Satellite System (SF/SE GNSS) model is the most challenging scenario for ambiguity resolution in the GNSS attitude determination application. To improve the performance of SF/SE-GNSS ambiguity resolution without excessive cost, the Micro-Electro-Mechanical System Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS-IMU) is a proper choice for the auxiliary sensor that carries out the inertial attitude augmentation. Firstly, based on the SF/SE-GNSS compass model, the Inertial Derived Baseline Vector (IDBV) is defined to connect the MEMS-IMU attitude measurement with the SF/SE-GNSS ambiguity search space, and the mechanism of inertial attitude augmentation is revealed from the perspective of geometry. Then, through the quantitative description of model strength by Ambiguity Dilution of Precision (ADOP), two ADOPs are specified for the unaided SF/SE-GNSS compass model and its inertial attitude augmentation counterparts, respectively, and a sufficient condition is proposed for augmenting the SF/SE-GNSS model strength with inertial attitude measurement. Finally, in the framework of an integer aperture estimator with fixed failure rate, the performance of SF/SE-GNSS ambiguity resolution with inertial attitude augmentation is analyzed when the model strength is varying from strong to weak. The simulation results show that, in the SF/SE-GNSS attitude determination application, MEMS-IMU can satisfy the requirements of ambiguity resolution with inertial attitude augmentation.
The Transition of Farmland Production Functions in Metropolitan Areas in China
Authors: Tan Minghong
Published: June 2014

In metropolitan areas of China, farmland functions have undergone tremendous changes due to rapid urbanization and rising income per capita in the past three decades. This study examines tempo-spatial changes in the farmland functions, using a case study of the Beijing metropolitan area. The results indicate that: (1) during the past three decades, agricultural production experienced two transitions, in the years 1992 and 2003; (2) In terms of spatial differences, farmland functions of food production in Near Suburb significantly weakened. Middle Suburb produced the largest share of vegetables, while Far Suburb had the highest number of recreational farms. This case study may provide insights for large cities in China or other developing countries.
L'Etat tribal du Méghalaya: observations géographiques en Inde du nord-est (The tribal state of Meghalaya : geographical remarks on north eastern India)
Authors: Racine Jean
Published: June 2014

Résumé. - Entre les deltas mêlés du Gange et du Brahmaputra d'une part, la chaîne himalayenne et l'arc des montagnes indo-birmanes d'autre part, le plateau du Méghalaya forme un milieu géographique d'un particulier intérêt. Les énormes variations de sa pluviométrie - la plus forte du monde sur sa marge Sud - contribuent à diversifier ses paysages et ses activités. A bien des égards ultime avancée de l'Asie du Sud-Est aux marges du monde gangétique, le Méghalaya est aussi terre tribale christianisée ou animiste, en mutation économique et sociale accélérée depuis qu'en 1972, détaché de l'Assam dans le cadre d'un Nord-Est indien en plein remaniement, il est devenu un Etat de plein droit au sein de l'Union Indienne.
Les parcs naturels dans l'espace rhénan (The Rhinish Natural Parks)
Authors: Wackermann Gabriel
Published: June 2014

Résumé. - En dépit de leur vocation officielle, les parcs naturels demeurent marqués par des difficultés et contradictions inhérentes au système qui les a mis en place. Cette situation apparaît d'autant mieux dans les pays rhénans que les parcs y ont déjà une certaine durée et que le tissu urbain, très serré, y tend depuis assez longtemps vers une consommation d'espace inquiétante.
Découpage des circonscriptions et résultats électoraux en France métropolitaine (The impact of the distribution of constituencies on election results in metropolitan France)
Authors: Pascal Pierre
Published: June 2014

Résumé. - L'influence du découpage des circonscriptions sur les résultats électoraux est fort complexe. Alors que le principe même du vote par circonscription désavantage la majorité actuelle dont les voix sont mal réparties (inutile concentration dans l'est et l'ouest) les phénomènes de taille des circonscriptions jouent, et de plus en plus, au détriment de la gauche.
Mexique 1979: la révolution pétrolière (1979 Mexico : the petroleum revolution)
Authors: Vanneph Alain
Published: June 2014

Abstract. - A new cycle of oil exports have started since 1975 in Mexico, thanks to the huge discoveries spread all over the country and especially in the South-East (Tabasco, Chiapas, Campeche). Their extent can rise Mexico up to the level of Saoudian Arabia, towards a leadership in the world. The getting in bills will provide the capital required to proceed with the national development. But financing problems will have to be considered first and large strategic choices taken.
Les fluctuations de l'espace agricole entre la Loire et le Cher à l'Est de Tours (Variations of agriculture space, to the east of Tours)
Authors: Maury R.
Published: June 2014

A l'Est de Tours, entre le Cher et la Loire, l'espace agricole a connu des fluctuations importantes. Depuis deux siècles la forêt d'Amboise a repris de vastes surfaces, tandis que les vignobles régressent irrémédiablement et que l'urbanisation ronge le tissu agraire.
L'agglomération de Tours et son bassin de peuplement départemental
Authors: Debon Jean
Published: June 2014

The author, working at the cantonal scale, builds a classification of migration types in the department of Indre-et-Loire. This enables him to produce a spatial typology showing that some parts are strictly related to Tours, while others, on the south and west, are concurrential areas, and others, still, on the east, entertain some degree of autonomy.
Décentralisations industrielles et résistance à la crise (Industrial decentralization and crisis resisting ability)
Authors: Bachelard Paul
Published: June 2014

Dans le cadre d'une politique volontariste, les décentralisations industrielles ont été très favorables à la Région Centre depuis la seconde guerre mondiale. L'abandon de cette politique depuis 1973 n'a guère freiné le dynamisme industriel, mais contribue à accentuer l'inégal développement régional au profit de la région proche de Paris et des villes principales.
Les reliefs d'érosion différentielle dans les Mourne Mountains (Irlande du Nord). Note préliminaire (Differential erosion in the Mourne Mountains (Irlande du Nord))
Authors: Le Cœur Charles
Published: June 2014

Les Mourne Mountains, Irlande du Nord, offrent un bon exemple d'érosion différentielle à partir d'une surface ayant nivelé deux plutons tertiaires. Bien que le granite de ces deux plutons soit très comparable, il n'a pas résisté identiquement à la météorisation. Les relations entre cristaux, la recimentation des fissures, la densité des joints, sont en effet différents.
Pd/C-catalyzed aerobic oxidative esteriﬁcation of alcohols and aldehydes: a highly efficient microwave-assisted green protocol
Authors: Caporaso Marina , Cravotto Giancarlo , Georgakopoulos Spyros , Heropoulos George , Martina Katia , Tagliapietra Silvia
Published: June 2014

We herein describe an environmentally friendly microwave-assisted oxidative esteriﬁcation of alcohols and aldehydes in the presence of molecular oxygen and a heterogeneous catalysis (Pd/C, 5 mol %). This efficient and ligandless conversion procedure does not require the addition of an organic hydrogen acceptor. The reaction rate is strongly enhanced by mild dielectric heating. Furthermore, it is a versatile green procedure which generally enables the isolation of esters to be carried out by simple filtration in almost quantitative yields.
L'Afrique du Sud dans la relation BRICS-Afrique
Authors: Soulé-Kohndou Folashadé
Published: June 2014

La place de l’Afrique du Sud dans les BRICS suscite un ensemble d’interrogations. Analysée dans une perspective macroéconomique, la faiblesse du produit intérieur brut, de la croissance et de la démographie, remettent en cause son inclusion dans ce club de grands émergents. Son invitation à rejoindre le groupe en décembre 2010 résulte avant tout d’une initiative diplomatique. Cet article analyse les stratégies diplomatiques mises en œuvre par l’Afrique du Sud pour adhérer au groupe et détaille l’instrumentalisation faite par la diplomatie sud-africaine d’un statut auto-accordé de leader africain et de pivot dans la relation Afrique-BRICS. Cette instrumentalisation, qui sert avant tout ses propres intérêts, n’est pas sans créer un ensemble d’effets pervers.
Le crime à l'adolescence. Statut de l'objet et régulation de l'excitation : considérations à partir d'un cas clinique
Authors: Pelladeau Élise , Pommier François
Published: June 2014

Cet article s’intéresse au cas clinique d’un adolescent de 16 ans, incarcéré dans un quartier pour mineurs d’une maison d’arrêt, pour homicide volontaire. Il explore le crime à l’adolescence, chez un sujet ne présentant pas de pathologie psychiatrique, ni d’antécédent judiciaire et interroge le passage à l’acte au cœur du processus adolescent. L’hypothèse principale de ce texte propose de lire le crime à l’adolescence comme l’expression d’un acte qui viserait, par la contrainte du corps de l’autre, à éprouver la limite du corps propre, et à réinvestir ce corps en s’excitant par l’objet. Le sujet agressé ne serait donc plus simple objet de décharge pulsionnelle, bien au contraire. L’article décrit un cas clinique, Loïc, suivi sur le plan psychothérapeutique dès le début de son incarcération et pendant plusieurs mois. Il est le fruit d’un travail d’analyse tant clinique que bibliographique, pour éclairer les enjeux latents du crime à l’adolescence.
Le savant dans le malaise contemporain, entre désir et jouissance
Authors: Trichet Yohan , Marion Élisabeth
Published: June 2014

Dans cet article, les auteurs se proposent d’éclairer la position du savant, en étudiant le désir de savoir qui anime les hommes de science. Ce désir, enraciné dans l’incomplétude du symbolique, structuralement insuffisant à rendre compte du monde, vise, notamment, l’extraction d’un savoir dans le réel. Mais ce désir n’est pas pur, car cette « pulsion de savoir », conçue par Freud en 1905, peut, également, satisfaire une jouissance que le savant lui-même ignore. L’histoire des sciences est jalonnée de cas d’hommes ou de femmes de science, dont la trajectoire personnelle a été dramatiquement bouleversée par leur découverte ou par les conséquences catastrophiques de celles-ci. Il arrive, également, que cette oscillation du savant entre désir et jouissance l’aveugle sur les incidences désastreuses de ses recherches sur lui et/ou son entourage. Le savant peut se trouver dépassé par les effets de ses expérimentations et de ses découvertes. Loin de procéder à une psychologie du savant, les auteurs s’attachent à une analyse de sa position subjective, appuyée par quelques exemples puisés dans la science-fiction.
Entre « réactionnel » et « compulsionnel » : dynamiques de la répétition suicidaire
Authors: Boissière Loïc , Chabert Catherine
Published: June 2014

À partir de l’analyse clinique et projective d’une casuistique de 9 sujets suicidants (multi)-réitérants, nous interrogeons les ressorts dynamiques et économiques de la répétition suicidaire à l’adolescence. Discutant l’hypothèse d’une défaillance de l’élaboration fantasmatique des mouvements pulsionnels agressifs, en lien avec des difficultés spécifiques et persistantes du traitement de la perte, nous différencions entre processus de répétition suicidaire « réactionnels » et « compulsionnels ». Les processus « réactionnels » relèvent de la résonance traumatique de pertes externes, dans l’« après-coup » ou la conjonction avec une réalité interne pré-morbide. En quoi ils déterminent des répétitions aléatoires. Les processus « compulsionnels » procèdent d’une souffrance dépressive inélaborable alimentant un courant continu de revendication pulsionnelle destructrice. Le retournement masochiste/mélancolique en constitue la principale voie d’éconduction. Moyennant quoi s’institue un cycle autonome de répétition suicidaire susceptible, à terme, d’emballement, à la faveur d’une désintrication pulsionnelle et d’une désobjectalisation corrélative.
Processus identificatoires et projet de vie des jeunes vietnamiens de Hanoi : entre crise adolescente et crise culturelle ?
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Diep , Lescarret Odette , de Léonardis Myriam
Published: June 2014

Considéré comme une activité de la personnalisation et de la socialisation, le projet à l’adolescence reste toujours l’objet de nombreux questionnements en psychologie. Cet article tente d’éclairer la relation pouvant unir la dynamique identificatoire personnelle et les projets de vie des adolescents de Hanoi (Vietnam), où la société est actuellement traversée par une période de crises importantes du lien, du sens, du pouvoir et des valeurs. Les épreuves de la clinique projective (TAT, Test de Trois Personnages et l’outil des situations) et un questionnaire nous ont permis de mettre à l’épreuve notre hypothèse auprès de 102 adolescents vietnamiens de Hanoi de 17 à 18 ans. Contrairement à ce que nous attendions, alors que les modes d’identification dits constructifs n’amènent pas les jeunes à des dimensions positives du projet de vie, un mode d’identification considéré défensif favorise les projets de vie visant l’accomplissement professionnel et relationnel.
L'utilisation du PSYCa 3-6 pour l'évaluation indicative des difficultés psychologiques des jeunes enfants touchés par le séisme de janvier 2010 en Haïti
Authors: Mouchenik Yoram , Marty-Chevreuil Alexandra , Marquer Caroline , Barry Caroline , Gaboulaud Valérie , Derivois Daniel , Mathieu Marjory , Jean-Jacques Ronald , Falissard Bruno , Baubet Thierry , Moro Marie Rose
Published: June 2014

Cet article décrit une recherche-action pour l’évaluation indicative des difficultés psychologiques des jeunes enfants et l’intérêt de l’utilisation du questionnaire PSYCa 3-6, après le séisme de 2010 en Haïti. L’enquête se situe dans trois quartiers de Port-au-Prince. Les évaluateurs ont été formés sur plusieurs jours à une bonne compréhension du questionnaire et à son administration standardisée. La passation s’est déroulée sur sept semaines du 7 novembre au 22 décembre 2011. Les 166 enfants participants à l’étude ont une moyenne d’âge de 58 mois. Nous avons retenu un seuil de difficultés psychologique défini à 9. En Haïti, 51,80 % des enfants ont un score de plus de 9 et 25 % des enfants ont score au dessus de 12. On constate un score plus élevé chez les garçons et dans le groupe des enfants les plus jeunes. Cette première utilisation du PSYCa 3-6 sur un terrain de catastrophe naturelle souligne sa capacité à discriminer les enfants les plus en difficultés, la bonne réception du questionnaire et sa possible utilisation par des non-professionnels en santé mentale sur des terrains de catastrophe humanitaire.
Psychopathologie, attachement et devenir des enfants de mères présentant un trouble de personnalité borderline/état-limite : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Genet Marie-Camille , Golse Bernard , Devouche Emmanuel , Apter Gisèle
Published: June 2014

Le présent article se propose d’établir une revue de la littérature des douze études réalisées sur les enfants de mère borderline, publiées entre 1995 et 2011. Si le trouble de personnalité de type borderline est décrit dans le DSM depuis 1980 et génère une abondante littérature, notamment quant à l’étiologie de ce trouble et à ses prises en charge (Paris, 2006, 2009), il existe peu d’études concernant les enfants de mères borderline et leur devenir. Le trouble de personnalité borderline est décrit comme « ayant de graves répercussions au sein des relations interpersonnelles ». Les relations interpersonnelles, par essence, sont celles des enfants avec leurs « caregivers », ceux qui leur dispensent des soins, qui les élèvent. Les risques de distorsions précoces voire de carences et/ou de maltraitances, souvent retrouvées dans ces situations familiales, font de l’étude des relations familiales en cas de trouble de personnalité borderline un sujet de santé publique autant que de recherche clinique. Les auteurs présentent cette revue de la littérature en regroupant les études en fonction de l’âge de l’enfant. Elle présente les études portant sur l’observation des interactions mère borderline-bébé, de façon chronologique, puis celles portant sur l’enfant plus grand, centrées sur l’évaluation de la qualité de son attachement, par le biais de ses comportements d’attachement. Ensuite, elle décrit les recherches portant sur l’enfant plus grand, d’âge scolaire (entre 4 et 9 ans). Celles-ci permettent un accès aux représentations d’attachement, grâce au développement des tests portant sur les caractéristiques de la narration chez l’enfant, en lien avec la qualité de ses modalités d’attachement. Cette étude constitue un préambule à une étude longitudinale évaluant le développement et le devenir des enfants de mères présentant un trouble de personnalité borderline.
Psychose pour tous : la jeunesse au risque du« syndrome de psychose atténuée » ?
Authors: Evrard Renaud , Rabeyron Thomas
Published: June 2014

De nombreuses études ont mis en évidence des expériences d’hallucinations et de délires survenant chez des enfants et des adolescents, mais pour lesquels le diagnostic de psychose ne semble pas pertinent. Alors que différents modèles existent pour penser une clinique différentielle de telles expériences réputées psychotiques, la cinquième version du Manuel Diagnostique et Statistique des Troubles Mentaux (DSM-5) propose d’appeler de tels vécus « symptômes psychotiques atténués », suggérant un « risque de psychose » qu’il serait crucial de traiter au plus vite pour en améliorer le pronostic. Nous proposons dans cet article une revue de littérature pour comprendre ce qu’implique ce nouveau « syndrome de psychose atténuée » dans la perspective de son éventuelle application auprès de jeunes patients. Cette revue de littérature nous conduit plus largement à étudier certains vécus hallucinatoires et transitoires se produisant à l’adolescence, à aborder la question de leur prise en charge et de leur impact sur notre compréhension des signes prodromiques de la psychose à partir d’un modèle pleinement dimensionnel de la psychose, prenant en compte la spécificité de l’adolescence, notamment le recours aux croyances et expériences paranormales en tant que stratégies structurantes.
Deoxynivalenol content in wheat dust versus wheat grain: a comparative study
Authors: Sanders M. , Landschoot S. , Audenaert K. , Haesaert G. , Eeckhout M. , De Saeger S.
Published: June 2014

The present study, set up in the growing season 2011-2012, was designed to obtain quantitative data on the occurrence of deoxynivalenol in wheat grain and the corresponding wheat dust. The field experiment consisted of a complete randomised block design with five wheat varieties sown on a field on which maize was grown in the previous season. The impact of the tillage method and the influence of the wheat variety resistance on the deoxynivalenol content of wheat and wheat dust were investigated. The accumulation of deoxynivalenol in wheat dust was confirmed and a sigmoidal relationship between the deoxynivalenol content in wheat dust versus wheat grain was determined. Deoxynivalenol reduction was obtained by ploughing and by sowing moderately resistant wheat varieties. As wheat dust provides equal results and solves the problem of heterogeneity during sampling of conventional wheat matrix, the sampling of wheat dust can be considered as a promising alternative.