bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHIUS vs. PHI Through the Lens of Multi-unit Residential Buildings Across Canadian Climates
Authors: Costantini Josie
Published: February 2024

Energy efficient construction in Canada is where the built environment is heading in order to achieve the carbon budget targets set for the country. Standards such as Passive House are just one way that this can be achieved. There are two main standards in North America, PHIUS (Passive House Institute United States) and PHI (Passive House Institute). The goal of the study was to determine differences between the two standards and through two building designs, model them across the 7 climate zones selected, in order to determine which standard might be more adaptable to our varying climates in Canada. Two case studies were used from Hamilton, Ontario, and were modeled in both PHIUS and PHI in this climate. All 4 models were then modeled in 6 additional climate zones all over the country to determine how adaptable the standard is to each location, and what is required to get these buildings to meet the requirements if they were failing. Through this analysis the study uncovered what changes were required for colder climates like Saskatoon and milder climates like Vancouver, in order for the original building designs to pass in their new climate. This analysis not only pointed out the differences and flaws in the standards, but also provided an understanding of which standard can produce the most efficient building for a particular location. Milder climates adapted to both PHI and PHIUS, whereas climates with a lot of variability excelled in the PHIUS standard. The study provided encouraging and informative data to home builders and developers that are considering contributing to the energy efficient built environment, and what is required to get there.
Comparison of Computer Simulation and Mock-up Laboratory Testing of the Thermal Performance of Unitized Curtain Wall: A Case Study
Authors: Padron Tallavo Ana
Published: February 2024

Glazing systems contribute to the greatest energy loss within the enclosure of the building due to their high thermal transmittance. For this reason, numerous studies have focused on predicting the thermal performance of curtain wall systems. This research focuses on evaluating the correlation between computer simulation and lab testing of a given curtain wall design. Two (2) four-story full-size specimens were tested under specific conditions in a large-scale chamber and measured temperatures recorded during the condensation test were compared with simulated interior surface temperature. Results obtained show a mean temperature difference between the measured and simulated temperatures of 4.12 °C and 3.46 °C for the base and improved design, respectively. In addition, the difference in the overall U-value between each testing method resulted in a EUI difference below 3%. The findings from this study indicate that even though simulations are a valuable tool to predict the thermal performance of curtain wall systems, a larger temperature difference between both methods is observed when there is a discrepancy between simulated and actual detail. Moreover, the difference in the overall U-value between mock-up and simulation did not significantly affect the energy performance of the building.
TP53 DNA binding domain mutational status and rituximab-based treatment are independent prognostic factors for pediatric Burkitt lymphoma patients stratification
Authors: Martire Gaia , Lovisa Federica , Carraro Elisa , Rizzato Domenico , Cesaro Simone , Mura Rosa Maria , Tondo Annalisa , Bertolin Cinzia , Boaretto Francesca , Salviati Leonardo , Biffi Alessandra , Pillon Marta , Mussolin Lara
Published: February 2024

Not available.
Late Sowing and Irrigation Cutback Effects on Yield and Economic Performances of Dry Direct Seeded Boro Rice
Authors: Rahman Md Moshiur , Hadi Abdul , Salam Md Abdus
Published: February 2024

Dry direct seeding (DDS) is a water saving rice cultivation technology. The sowing of dry direct seeded rice in boro season is generally delayed when grown under the T. aman rice – Rabi crops – DDS boro rice pattern. An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effect of sowing date and irrigation schedule on growth and yield of DDS boro rice. The experiment used two sets of treatments (a) two sowing dates viz. 22 February and 13 March; and (b) six irrigation regimes viz. no irrigation, one irrigation at 25% Field Capacity (FC), two irrigations at 25% FC and 1 week after (WA) 25% FC, three irrigations at 25% FC, 1WA 25% FC and 2 WA 25% FC, four irrigations at 25% FC, 1 WA 25% FC, 2 WA 25% FC and 3 WA 25% FC and one irrigation at 3 weeks after 25% FC and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications allocating sowing dates into the main plot and irrigation schedule into the subplots. BRRI dhan58 was used as test crop. The result showed that grain yield of the crop did not differ significantly for sowing on 13 March and 22 February. The study revealed that BRRI dhan58 sown on 13 March with four irrigations applied at 25% FC, 1 WA 25% FC, 2 WA 25% FC and 3 WA 25% FC produced the highest economic return and hence it is concluded that the sowing date of boro rice could be delayed up to 13 March with four irrigations.
SAARC J. Agric., 21(2): 67-80 (2023)
A percepção das puérperas sobre a atuação da fisioterapia na preparação para o parto: Um estudo qualitativo
Authors: Silva Keila Gabriele da , Gonçalves Millena Vitória , Correia Isabelle Cristina Italo da Silva , Martins Isabela do Carmo , Yonamine Cristhiane Yumi
Published: February 2024

Introdução: A gestação é considerada um processo fisiológico. Com isso, o corpo realiza adaptações, podendo gerar dor e incômodo, prejudicando sua qualidade de vida. Nessa fase, a fisioterapia auxilia no alívio dos quadros álgicos, proporcionando alongamento e treinamento de força da musculatura pélvica, propiciando uma gestação e um trabalho de parto de qualidade. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de puérperas sobre a atuação da fisioterapia na preparação para o parto. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Estudos da Disfunções do Assoalho Pélvico. A amostra se caracterizou como não probabilística, por conveniência e intencional, composta por puérperas que participaram do projeto de pesquisa durante o período gestacional e que aceitaram participar do estudo. A coleta de dados foi realizada após o parto, por meio de um questionário on-line. A análise de dados foi feita através do método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 17 puérperas, e segundo a percepção delas, a atuação da fisioterapia no preparo para o parto contribuiu para um parto de qualidade, com complicações obstétricas diminuídas, redução dos desconfortos relatados, proporcionando em sua maioria, um parto agradável e conforme suas expectativas. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou que, a atuação da fisioterapia no período gestacional, auxiliou no trabalho de parto e também na melhora da qualidade pela redução de dores musculares e outros desconfortos das puérperas.
Financiamento da assistência farmacêutica no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde de 2017 a 2022
Authors: Ferreira Raissa Picanço , Negrão Helen Carolline Alcântara , Costa Bruno Wesley Bezerra , Soler Orenzio
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Mapear informações sobre o financiamento da assistência farmacêutica no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analítico, descritivo, tendo como recorte temporal o período entre 2017 e 2022, realizado por meio de Revisão de Escopo e da Plataforma Siga Brasil (Orçamento Federal) para consultar a execução de despesas nas ações orçamentárias no campo da Assistência Farmacêutica e Insumos Estratégicos. Resultados: Foram selecionados 33 artigos, de 56 artigos recuperados nas bases de dados, sendo 12 relatos de casos, 7 estudos transversais, 12 revisões narrativas e 2 revisões integrativas. Constatou-se que o maior investimento nesses últimos seis anos foi para o Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica, quando comparado Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica e ao Componente Estratégico da Assistência Farmacêutica. Conclusão: O acesso universal a medicamentos pelo setor público ainda é um grande desafio. O seu financiamento ainda não é suficiente. Por fim, infere-se, ser fundamental rever os investimentos no Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica, melhorando o acesso aos medicamentos na Atenção Primária à Saúde.
THE ACCOUNTABILITY OF VILLAGE FUNDS AND INTERNAL CONTROL
Authors:   Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University, Barus Agatha Amorenyta Asmara Br , Hariwibowo Ignatius Novianto ,   Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University
Published: February 2024

Research Purposes. This study aims to examine the variables that affect accountability for village fund management in Kedu District. The role and competence of village apparatus are the factors tested in this study, with the internal control system as the moderating variable. Research Methods. To get the results, this study selected village device respondents based on the purposive sampling method. The results of 132 respondents were involved in this study. The data obtained is processed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Research Results and Findings. This research reveals that the role of village apparatus has no influence on the accountability of village fund management. Meanwhile, the competence of village apparatus has a positive influence on the accountability of village fund management. In addition, in the context of moderation, the internal control system has an influence on the role of village apparatus and accountability of village fund management. Meanwhile, the internal control system cannot affect the relationship between the competence of village apparatus and accountability of village fund management.
Benthic assemblages in relation to planktonic assemblages in a eutrophic, thermally stratified reservoir
Authors: Chi S , Hu J , Li M , Zheng J , Wang H , Hu J
Published: February 2024

Few studies have explored the relationship between benthic and planktonic assemblages in reservoirs, despite their role in food chains and maintaining ecological functions. Macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in food webs and contribute about 42% of whole-lake secondary productivity. Therefore, their status is vital for maintaining good ecological functions. In this study, we selected Nanwan Reservoir, a eutrophic thermally stratified reservoir in China, to evaluate the community of macroinvertebrates in different seasons and explore the relationships between macroinvertebrate assemblages and different planktonic groups, including phytoplankton, protozoans, rotifers, and planktonic crustaceans. Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta dominated the phytoplankton assemblages, and their proportions varied with seasons. The bad community of macroinvertebrates in summer, autumn, and winter could be attributed to the excessive growth of Cyanophyta or other phytoplankton. Based on the results of partial least squares regression, an algorithm used for prediction, we determined that the excessive growth of algae, crustaceans, protozoans, and Cyanophyta was detrimental to the development of macroinvertebrates, and was indicative of high nutrient loads in the reservoir. However, the growth of Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, and Euglenophyta was advantageous to macroinvertebrate assemblages and indicated a better ecological condition of the reservoir. The results of partial least squares structural equation modeling demonstrated close associations between phytoplankton and both zooplankton and macroinvertebrates, indicating their interdependence in this reservoir system. Our study results imply that the status of macroinvertebrates can be predicted by the abundance of some planktonic assemblages, and cost savings from selecting one of the planktonic groups to monitor ecological conditions could be accomplished in future studies.
Megafauna: the ignored bioturbators
Authors: Vallim AL , Schenone S , Thrush SF
Published: February 2024

Bioturbation is a process caused by animals that move particles and water in sediments. This influences gas and solute exchange, and organic matter concentrations through the sediment column. Bioturbators play an important role in biogeochemistry and ecosystem functioning. To date, bioturbation research has focused on the invertebrate macrofauna present in the sediment. However, many larger marine animals (e.g. rays, sharks, whales) display foraging behaviours that disturb the sediment and thus potentially affect sediment biogeochemistry. We propose a categorization of vertebrate megafauna bioturbation based on their reworking behaviours, classifying them as ‘pit creators’, ‘bulldozers’, and ‘trench diggers’. These categories underscore the diversity of impacts on sediment structure and biogeochemical processes. The need to investigate the topic comes from the limited knowledge surrounding the extent to which sediment biogeochemistry is influenced by megafauna activities. Additionally, the declining population of vertebrate megafauna due to climate change, overfishing, bycatch, and habitat loss and modification makes discerning the functional roles of these animals in the sediment a pressing issue. Understanding the ecological implications of megafauna bioturbation will be critical to support conservation strategies and protect marine ecosystems and the animals that shape them.
MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN HADIST RIWAYAT MUSLIM DARI ABU. HURAIRAH DAN AKTIVITAS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN QURAN HADIST MELALUI PENDEKATAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING
Authors: Musyafak Ali
Published: February 2024

The purpose of writing this article is to describe the results of classroom action research on the application of Cooperative Learning in increasing students' understanding of the hadiths of Muslim history from Abu Huraira and students' activity. The hadith in question is about helping others. The research sample was students grade VIII of MTS N 1 Pati. Data collection uses observation method, learning achievement tests and questionnaires. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that the application of Cooperative Learning can improve students' understanding of the hadiths of Muslim narrations from Abu Huraira and increase studens' activity in Al-Quran Hadith subjects
Pengaruh Pembiasaan Morning Activity Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Religius Siswa Kelas X danXI Di SMA Plus Islamic Village Integrated Islamic School
Authors: Fancha Rizka Fathya , Budiana Irma
Published: February 2024

This research aimed to discover the effect of habituation of morning activity carried out routinely before starting teaching and learning activities in the mornings in forming religious character in class X and XI students at Islamic Village Plus Integrated Islamic School Senior High School. This examine used a descriptive quantitative correlational type. The study subjects were students of classes X and XI of Islamic Village Plus Integrated Islamic School Senior High School, totalling 130 students. The inquiry applied a random cluster sampling technique, and data collection techniques utilised observation, questionnaires and documentation. The validity result adopted the Pearson Product Moment correlation technique and the Cronbach Alpha Reliability Test with the help of SPSS 26. The data analysis used a simple linear regression technique and the Pearson Product Moment correlation. The results indicated a positive effect of habituation of morning activity on forming students' religious character at Islamic Village Plus Integrated Islamic School Senior High School. This can be seen from the acquisition of the t value is 13,45. In comparison, the t table is 1,97, with a significance level is < 0,05. The criteria H0Â  is rejected if t valueÂ  ËƒÂ  t table at Î± = 5% with a value is 13,45 > 1,97. This means that the contribution of the variable X (Morning Activity Habituation) with the variable Y (Formation of Students' Religious Character) is 58.6%, and the difference is 41.4% which was not examined in this study.
Pengaruh Apersepsi Guru PAI Terhadap Keaktifan Siswa Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Kelas VIII di SMPI Ash-Shibgoh Bitung Jaya â€“ Tangerang
Authors: Kamila Zulfa
Published: February 2024

One way to increase students motivation and interest in learning is by giving apperception before starting the core of the lesson. Apperception is the most important part in the learning process, in order to determine the readiness of students to accept the learning that will take place. If at this time some teachers ignore the provision of apperception, because it is difficult to get inspiration how to convey apperception according to the material to be delivered. In connection with this, the researcher wishes to explore more deeply by conducting further research on student learning activities at the Islamic Junior High School (SMPI) Ash-Shibgoh with the title The Effect of Apperception of PAI Teachers on Student Activity in the Class VIII Learning Process at SMPI Ash-Shibgoh Bitung Jaya Tangerang. The purpose of this research was to determine the influenced of apperception on student activity in the VIII grade learning process at SMPI Ash-Shibgoh Bitung Jaya Tangerang. This study used a quantitative research method as its primary research strategy. Techniques for collecting data comprised observation, surveys, interviews, and documentation with a study sample of 26 student. The results showed that apperception had an influence on the activity of class VIII students of SMPI Ash-Shibgoh by 55.5% and was in the strong category. This is based on the results of the product moment correlation test analysis of 26 samples which shows that rcount 0.745 > 0.388. Based on the results of tcount obtained 5.474 which is stated to be greater than ttable 1.711. This means that it shows a significant influence between apperception on student activity, so it can be stated that the alternative hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Melalui Permainan Lempar Tangkap Bola Dadu
Authors: Trisnawati Iis , Attamimi Naila
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to improve motor skills in group B students of PAUDQu Al-Makki Dzikri by using the playing method, through the game of throwing and catching a dice. This research is a classroom action research (CAR). The research was carried out in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, implementing actions, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects were group B PAUDQU Al-Makki Dzikri which collected 17 students. Sources of data come from teachers and students. Data collection techniques are by observation, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data using the triangulation technique method. Data analysis used qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that the use of the play method could improve children's motor skills from pre-cycle to cycle I and from cycle I to cycle II which was carried out well and effectively, this was seen from changes in aspects of motor skills in throwing and throwing more than before. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the play method can improve the motor skills of group B PAUDQu Al-Makki Dzikri.
Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Maesaroh Siti
Published: February 2024

This research is to know theÂ  impact of model project-based learning on students learning motivation for religion subjects. The research was done in SMK Islamic Village Tangerang. And the subjects for this research was gradeÂ  XI total population number of 106 while the number of samples were 52 students. this research used quantitative method with correlation techniques to know two variable relations. While the technicnique to collect data was done by: questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used descriptive statistic analysis analysis whice is aimed to examine the hypothesis which is alreadydefined. The results of study showed that there was a positif impact between project-based learning on student learning motivation for religion subject that is a big as 24.4% students in grade XI inÂ  SMK Islamic Village Tangerang. While anotherÂ  75.6% is influenced by other factors, those are teachers, friends, environment, family, and other factors that influences learning motivation.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER
Authors: Tritantriyani Melani , Al-Mubarok Fauzi
Published: February 2024

This research animed to stimulate children to improve student learning outcomes at Ciangir II Primary School Tangerang applying the Numbered Head Together method, as this is one way to encourage the improvement of student laering outcomes.This study was a Classroom Action Study, which consisted of two cycles: planning, execution, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects comprised 34 third-grade students of Ciangir II Primary School. The sources of data were teachers and students. This research applied observation, interviews, and documentation to collect the data. The exsamine adopted the triangulation method in validating data along with qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The results indicated that employing the Numbered Head Together method could improve student learning outcomes from pre-cycle to cycle I and from cycle I to cycle II; this can be viewed from the results enhancement of the comparsion of the cycle Iand cycle II as follows, the data in cycle I indicated that the indicator of enthusiasmin the implementation of the Numbered Head Together method was 78,11%, and the indicator of student activity in learning was 68,17%, the indicator demonstrating interest in PAI learning was 69,29%, the indicator of understanding behavior was 68,23%, and indicator of listening to teaching and learning activities (KBM) when learning was taking place was 69,44%.
Characterization of bacterial diversity and screening of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the gut system of Glenea cantor (Fabricius) larvae
Authors: Su Ran-Ran , Pan Bi-Qiong , Luo You-Xi , Zheng Xia-Lin , Lu Wen , Wang Xiao-Yun
Published: February 2024

The intestinal bacteria of longhorn beetles would be ideal targets for pest control and lignocellulosic resources by destroying or exploiting their cellulose-degrading function. This article aims to investigate the diversity and community structure of intestinal bacteria the oligophagous longhorn beetle Glenea cantor. Additionally, it seeks to identify the presence of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria in the gut, and explore their role in consuming host kapok trees Bombax malabaricum. In this study, the bacterial community from G. cantor was examined by Illumina sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) targeting the V3 and V4 regions. A total of 563,201 valid sequences and 814 OTUs were obtained. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, and the dominant genera were Acinetobacter and Lactococcus. The analysis of microbial diversity revealed a high bacterial diversity in the samples, with the gut bacteria playing a crucial role in the physiological activities of the host, particularly, 9 genera of intestinal bacteria with cellulose degradation function were found, highlighting their vital role in cellulose degradation. Five strains of cellulose-degrading bacteria, belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, were obtained from the intestinal tract of G. cantor larvae using traditional isolation and culture techniques as well as 16S rDNA sequencing. Among these strains, A4 exhibited a cellulase activity of 94.42 ± 0.42 U/mL, while A5 displayed the highest filter paper enzyme activity of 127.46 ± 3.54 U/mL. These results offered valuable insights into potential targets for pest control through internal attack digestion and cellulose-degrading bacteria in longhorn beetles.
Double cross-linked graphene oxide hydrogel for promoting healing of diabetic ulcers
Authors: Liu Wenxu , Yang Yunfang , Li Meiying , Mo Jingxin
Published: February 2024

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of a novel double cross-linked hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), graphene oxide (GO), and glutathione (GSH), henceforth referred to as PVA/SA/GO/GSH. This innovative hydrogel system incorporates two distinct types of cross-linking networks and is meticulously engineered to exhibit sensitivity to high glucose and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) environments. A sequential approach was adopted in the hydrogel formation. The initial phase involved the absorption of GSH onto GO, which was subsequently functionalized with boric acid and polyethylene glycol derivatives via a bio-orthogonal click reaction. This stage constituted the formation of the first chemically cross-linked network. Subsequently, freeze-thaw cycles were utilized to induce a secondary cross-linking process involving PVA and SA, thereby forming the second physically cross-linked network. The resultant PVA/SA/GO/GSH hydrogel retained the advantageous hydrogel properties such as superior water retention capacity and elasticity, and additionally exhibited the ability to responsively release GSH under changes in glucose concentration and/or ROS levels. This feature finds particular relevance in the therapeutic management of diabetic ulcers. Preliminary in vitro evaluation affirmed the hydrogel’s biocompatibility and its potential to promote cell migration, inhibit apoptosis, and exhibit antibacterial properties. Further in vivo studies demonstrated that the PVA/SA/GO/GSH hydrogel could facilitate the healing of diabetic ulcer sites by mitigating oxidative stress and regulating glucose levels. Thus, the developed PVA/SA/GO/GSH hydrogel emerges as a promising candidate for diabetic ulcer treatment, owing to its specific bio-responsive traits and therapeutic efficacy.
Oral infectivity through carnivorism in murine model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Authors: Torres Víctor , Contreras Víctor , Gutiérrez Bessy , San Francisco Juan , Catalán Alejandro , Vega José Luis , Moon Kyung-Mee , Foster Leonard J. , de Almeida Rafael F. , Kalergis Alexis M. , González Jorge
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Oral transmission of T. cruzi is probably the most frequent transmission mechanism in wild animals. This observation led to the hypothesis that consuming raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with T. cruzi may be responsible for transmitting the infection. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to investigate host-pathogen interactions between the parasite and gastric mucosa and the role of meat consumption from infected animals in the oral transmission of T. cruzi.

Methods

Cell infectivity assays were performed on AGS cells in the presence or absence of mucin, and the roles of pepsin and acidic pH were determined. Moreover, groups of five female Balb/c mice were fed with muscle tissue obtained from mice in the acute phase of infection by the clone H510 C8C3hvir of T. cruzi, and the infection of the fed mice was monitored by a parasitemia curve. Similarly, we assessed the infective capacity of T. cruzi trypomastigotes and amastigotes by infecting groups of five mice Balb/c females, which were infected orally using a nasogastric probe, and the infection was monitored by a parasitemia curve. Finally, different trypomastigote and amastigote inoculums were used to determine their infective capacities. Adhesion assays of T. cruzi proteins to AGS stomach cells were performed, and the adhered proteins were detected by western blotting using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies and by LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis.

Results

Trypomastigote migration in the presence of mucin was reduced by approximately 30%, whereas in the presence of mucin and pepsin at pH 3.5, only a small proportion of parasites were able to migrate (∼6%). Similarly, the ability of TCTs to infect AGS cells in the presence of mucin is reduced by approximately 20%. In all cases, 60–100% of the animals were fed meat from mice infected in the acute phase or infected with trypomastigotes or amastigotes developed high parasitemia, and 80% died around day 40 post-infection. The adhesion assay showed that cruzipain is a molecule of trypomastigotes and amastigotes that binds to AGS cells. LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis, also confirmed that transialidase, cysteine proteinases, and gp63 may be involved in TCTs attachment or invasion of human stomach cells because they can potentially interact with different proteins in the human stomach mucosa. In addition, several human gastric mucins have cysteine protease cleavage sites.

Discussion

Then, under our experimental conditions, consuming meat from infected animals in the acute phase allows the T. cruzi infection. Similarly, trypomastigotes and amastigotes could infect mice when administered orally, whereas cysteinyl proteinases and trans-sialidase appear to be relevant molecules in this infective process.
Prevalence and prognostic implications of myocardial injury across different waves of COVID-19
Authors: Peiró Óscar M. , Delgado-Cornejo Juan R. , Sánchez-Giménez Raúl , del-Moral-Ronda Víctor , Lal-Trehan Nisha , Rocamora-Horrach Mar , Carrasquer Anna , Peraire Joaquim , Fort-Gallifa Isabel , Bardaji Alfredo
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The prognostic ability of myocardial injury across different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic is not well established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic implications of myocardial injury in the first and sixth wave of COVID-19.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study that included patients admitted to the emergency department with COVID-19 with data on concentrations of cardiac troponin during the first and sixth wave. We compared the prevalence of myocardial injury and its predictive capacity for 30-day all-cause death in both waves.

Results and discussion

A total of 346 patients were included (1st wave 199 and 6th wave 147 patients). The prevalence of myocardial injury was 21% with non-significant differences between waves. Myocardial injury was associated, in both waves, with a higher prevalence of comorbidities and with an increased risk of 30-day all-cause death [1st wave HR: 3.73 (1.84–7.55); p < 0.001 and 6th wave HR: 3.13 (1.23–7.92); p = 0.016], with non-significant differences in predictive capacity between groups after ROC curve analysis [AUC: 1st wave 0.829 (95% CI: 0.764–0.895) and 6th wave 0.794 (95% CI: 0.711–0.876)]. As limitations, this is a retrospective study with a relatively small simple size and troponin assay was performed at the discretion of the emergency physician so selection bias could be present. In conclusion, the prevalence of myocardial injury and its prognostic capacity was similar in both waves despite vaccination programs. Myocardial injury predicts short-term mortality in all COVID-19 patients, so they should be treated intensively.
The impact of high temperature on mechanical properties and behaviors of sandstone
Authors: Jin Juan , Liu Jiandong , Chen Weixi , Li Guoping , Cheng Wei , Zhang Xiaowen , Luo Yifan
Published: February 2024

The impact of high temperature environments on the physical and mechanical properties of rocks is a significant factor to consider. The investigation into the impact of elevated temperatures on the physical and mechanical characteristics of rocks holds great importance in the advancement and exploitation of deep-seated mineral reserves, as well as in ensuring the safety and stability of subterranean engineering projects. This study utilizes the state-of-the-art GCTS Mechanical Loading Test System to conduct uniaxial and triaxial compression tests on sandstone after thermal treatment from 25°C to 650°C. In addition, XRD, SEM and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were carried out on the sandstone after thermal treatment. The aim of the experiments is to provide a quantitative characterization of mechanical properties and behaviors of the rock samples. The results show that the mass, density, and wave velocity of sandstone decrease with increasing temperature, while volume and porosity increase. The mass, volume, and rate of density change of sandstone exhibit a significant increase when subjected to temperatures above 500°C. The uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus exhibit an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease as the temperature rises, with 300°C serving as the critical turning point. The axial peak strain and Poisson’s ratio increase with increasing temperature. The cohesion decreases with increasing temperature, while the internal friction angle increases. Additionally, it is observed that the rate of change for both properties exhibits an increase beyond the temperature threshold of 400°C.
Association of sleep traits with male fertility: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lu Shikuan , Ma Ziyang , Zhou Wanzhen , Zeng Hongsen , Ma Jian , Deng Hang , Zhang Peihai
Published: February 2024

Background: Previous observational studies have investigated the association between sleep-related traits and male fertility; however, conclusive evidence of a causal connection is lacking. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between sleep and male fertility using Mendelian randomisation.

Methods: Eight sleep-related traits (chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, dozing, daytime nap, oversleeping, and undersleeping) and three descriptors representing male fertility (male infertility, abnormal sperm, and bioavailable testosterone levels) were selected from published Genome-Wide Association Studies. The causal relationship between sleep-related traits and male fertility was evaluated using multiple methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, Mendelian randomisation-Egger, weighted model, and simple model through two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis. Mendelian randomisation-Egger regression was used to assess pleiotropy, Cochrane’s Q test was employed to detect heterogeneity, and a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was conducted.

Results: Genetically-predicted chronotype (IVW,OR = 1.07; 95%CL = 1.04–1.12; p = 0.0002) was suggestively associated with bioavailable testosterone levels. However, using the IVW method, we found no evidence of a causal association between other sleep traits and male fertility.

Conclusion: This study found that chronotype affects testosterone secretion levels. However, further studies are needed to explain this mechanism.
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 immunity after vaccination and breakthrough infection in rituximab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kared Hassen , Jyssum Ingrid , Alirezaylavasani Amin , Egner Ingrid M. , The Tran Trung , Tietze Lisa , Lund Katrine Persgård , Tveter Anne Therese , Provan Sella A. , Ørbo Hilde , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Vaage John Torgils , Jørgensen Kristin , Syversen Silje Watterdal , Lund-Johansen Fridtjof , Goll Guro Løvik , Munthe Ludvig A.
Published: February 2024

Background

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with B cell-depleting drugs induced limited seroconversion but robust cellular response. We aimed to document specific T and B cell immunity in response to vaccine booster doses and breakthrough infection (BTI).

Methods

We included 76 RA patients treated with rituximab who received up to four SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses or three doses plus BTI, in addition to vaccinated healthy donors (HD) and control patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). We quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) Spike IgG, anti-nucleocapsid (NC) IgG, 92 circulating inflammatory proteins, Spike-binding B cells, and Spike-specific T cells along with comprehensive high-dimensional phenotyping and functional assays.

Findings

The time since the last rituximab infusion, persistent inflammation, and age were associated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG seroconversion. The vaccine-elicited serological response was accompanied by an incomplete induction of peripheral Spike-specific memory B cells but occurred independently of T cell responses. Vaccine- and BTI-elicited cellular immunity was similar between RA and HD ex vivo in terms of frequency or phenotype of Spike-specific cytotoxic T cells and in vitro in terms of the functionality and differentiation profile of Spike-specific T cells.

Interpretation

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in RA can induce persistent effector T-cell responses that are reactivated by BTI. Paused rituximab medication allowed serological responses after a booster dose (D4), especially in RA with lower inflammation, enabling efficient humoral and cellular immunity after BTI, and contributed overall to the development of potential durable immunity.
Eukaryotes may play an important ecological role in the gut microbiome of Graves’ disease
Authors: Geng Xiwen , Liu Yalei , Xu Wenbo , Li Gefei , Xue Binghua , Feng Yu , Tang Shasha , Wei Wei , Yuan Huijuan
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of autoimmune diseases worldwide has risen rapidly over the past few decades. Increasing evidence has linked gut dysbiosis to the onset of various autoimmune diseases. Thanks to the significant advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology, the number of gut microbiome studies has increased. However, they have primarily focused on bacteria, so our understanding of the role and significance of eukaryotic microbes in the human gut microbial ecosystem remains quite limited. Here, we selected Graves’ disease (GD) as an autoimmune disease model and investigated the gut multi-kingdom (bacteria, fungi, and protists) microbial communities from the health control, diseased, and medication-treated recovered patients. The results showed that physiological changes in GD increased homogenizing dispersal processes for bacterial community assembly and increased homogeneous selection processes for eukaryotic community assembly. The recovered patients vs. healthy controls had similar bacterial and protistan, but not fungal, community assembly processes. Additionally, eukaryotes (fungi and protists) may play a more significant role in gut ecosystem functions than bacteria. Overall, this study gives brief insights into the potential contributions of eukaryotes to gut and immune homeostasis in humans and their potential influence in relation to therapeutic interventions.
Mapping of a hybrid insulin peptide in the inflamed islet β-cells from NOD mice
Authors: Wenzlau Janet M. , Peterson Orion J. , Vomund Anthony N. , DiLisio James E. , Hohenstein Anita , Haskins Kathryn , Wan Xiaoxiao
Published: February 2024

There is accumulating evidence that pathogenic T cells in T1D recognize epitopes formed by post-translational modifications of β-cell antigens, including hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs). The ligands for several CD4 T-cell clones derived from the NOD mouse are HIPs composed of a fragment of proinsulin joined to peptides from endogenous β-cell granule proteins. The diabetogenic T-cell clone BDC-6.9 reacts to a fragment of C-peptide fused to a cleavage product of pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (6.9HIP). In this study, we used a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the 6.9HIP to determine when and where HIP antigens are present in NOD islets during disease progression and with which immune cells they associate. Immunogold labeling of the 6.9HIP MAb and organelle-specific markers for electron microscopy were employed to map the subcellular compartment(s) in which the HIP is localized within β-cells. While the insulin B9-23 peptide was present in nearly all islets, the 6.9HIP MAb stained infiltrated islets only in NOD mice at advanced stages of T1D development. Islets co-stained with the 6.9HIP MAb and antibodies to mark insulin, macrophages, and dendritic cells indicate that 6.9HIP co-localizes within insulin-positive β-cells as well as intra-islet antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In electron micrographs, the 6.9HIP co-localized with granule structures containing insulin alone or both insulin and LAMP1 within β-cells. Exposing NOD islets to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer tunicamycin significantly increased levels of 6.9HIP in subcellular fractions containing crinosomes and dense-core granules (DCGs). This work demonstrates that the 6.9HIP can be visualized in the infiltrated islets and suggests that intra-islet APCs may acquire and present HIP antigens within islets.
Evaluating the effects of circulating inflammatory proteins as drivers and therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19
Authors: Baranova Ancha , Luo Jing , Fu Li , Yao Guanqun , Zhang Fuquan
Published: February 2024

Objective

The relationships between circulating inflammatory proteins and COVID-19 have been observed in previous cohorts. However, it is not unclear which circulating inflammatory proteins may boost the risk of or protect against COVID-19.

Methods

We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using GWAS summary result of 91 circulating inflammation-related proteins (N = 14,824) to assess their causal impact on severe COVID-19. The COVID-19 phenotypes encompassed both hospitalized (N = 2,095,324) and critical COVID-19 (N = 1,086,211). Moreover, sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness and reliability.

Results

We found that seven circulating inflammatory proteins confer positive causal effects on severe COVID-19. Among them, serum levels of IL-10RB, FGF-19, and CCL-2 positively contributed to both hospitalized and critical COVID-19 conditions (OR: 1.10~1.16), while the other 4 proteins conferred risk on critical COVID-19 only (OR: 1.07~1.16), including EIF4EBP1, IL-7, NTF3, and LIF. Meanwhile, five proteins exert protective effects against hospitalization and progression to critical COVID-19 (OR: 0.85~0.95), including CXCL11, CDCP1, CCL4/MIP, IFNG, and LIFR. Sensitivity analyses did not support the presence of heterogeneity in the majority of MR analyses.

Conclusions

Our study revealed risk and protective inflammatory proteins for severe COVID-19, which may have vital implications for the treatment of the disease.
Superoxide dismutase alterations in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and mortality prediction in the context of omicron variant infection
Authors: Chu Jinshen , Hua Lin , Liu Xiaofeng , Xiong Huomei , Jiang Fangtinghui , Zhou Wei , Wang Lu , Xue Guohui
Published: February 2024

Background

In the few reports to date, the changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key factor in cellular protection against superoxide, in COVID-19 have been very inconsistent and contradictory. There is also a lack of data on COVID-19 induced by Omicron variant. Further investigation is warranted to figure out SOD alterations in COVID-19, particularly within the context of ongoing Omicron variant infection, which may provide clues to its role within COVID-19 pathogenesis and open up new avenues for COVID-19 treatment.

Methods

SOD activity in 109 COVID-19 patients (including 46 severe cases and 63 mild to moderate cases) and 30 matched healthy controls were quantified. Demographic data, blood cell counts, biochemical indicators, coagulation indicators, and inflammatory markers were also recorded.

Results

SOD, an important key node, experienced a significant decrease in COVID-19, with the severe patients exhibiting lower activity compared to the mild to moderate patients and control healthy. Notably, severe patients who deceased had the lowest SOD activity. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between SOD and inflammatory markers, organ injury markers, coagulation dysfunction indicators, nutritional markers, and lymphocytes counts. The ROC curve also showed good performance for the differentiation of severe cases and the prediction of death.

Conclusion

SOD activity was significantly decreased in COVID-19 infected with Omicron variant and significantly correlated with systemic changes, and could be used as a biomarker to assess disease severity and predict mortality in COVID-19 clinical pathway management. Additionally, this finding will contribute to exploring new potential direction for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients.
Pyroptosis: a new insight into intestinal inflammation and cancer
Authors: Chao Limin , Zhang Wenjing , Feng Yuchao , Gao Pei , Ma Jinyou
Published: February 2024

Pyroptosis is an innate immune response triggered by the activation of inflammasomes by various influencing factors, characterized by cell destruction. It impacts the immune system and cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, the roles of pyroptosis and inflammasomes in intestinal inflammation and cancer have been continuously confirmed. This article reviews the latest progress in pyroptosis mechanisms, new discoveries of inflammasomes, mutual regulation between inflammasomes, and their applications in intestinal diseases. Additionally, potential synergistic treatment mechanisms of intestinal diseases with pyroptosis are summarized, and challenges and future directions are discussed, providing new ideas for pyroptosis therapy.
Correlation between low skeletal muscle index and 3D anthropometric data measured by 3D body scanner: screening sarcopenia
Authors: Kim Kyu Wan , Park Yongsoo , Lee Yohan , Cho Minjoon
Published: February 2024

Background

The screening tools for sarcopenia are measuring calf circumference, SARC-F or SPPB. However, not all of these tools have high sensitivity, specificity, and low margins of error. This research investigates potential of 3D anthropometry of the lower extremities on screening of sarcopenia.

Methods

From October 2022 to February 2023, we retrospectively analyzed results of 3D body scanner and bio-impedance analysis for patients aged 45 to 85 at risk of sarcopenia. The 3D scanner measured the surface and volume values of both thighs and calves. When skeletal muscle index (SMI) is less than 5.7, patients were classified to Low SMI group, indicative of sarcopenia.

Results

A total six out of 62 patients were classified to Low SMI group, showing significantly lower values of right, left, mean calf volumes and mean calf surface than the other patients (right calf volume 2.62 L vs. 3.34 L, p = 0.033; left calf volume 2.62 L vs. 3.25 L, p = 0.044; mean calf volume 2.62 L vs. 3.29 L, p = 0.029; mean calf surface 0.12 m2 vs. 0.13 m2, p = 0.049). There was no statistical difference in thigh volume and surface. Through AUC-ROC analysis, mean calf volume was the most significant cut-off value (right calf volume 2.80 L, AUC = 0.768; left calf volume 2.75 L, AUC = 0.753; mean calf volume 3.06 L, AUC = 0.774; mean calf surface 0.12 m2, AUC = 0.747).

Conclusion

The calf volume and surface values have significant relationship with low SMI, and the mean calf volume was the most significant cut-off screening value for Low SMI. The 3D scanner demonstrated its value as a new means for screening sarcopenia.
The mechanisms of action of metformin on head and neck cancer in the pre-clinical setting: a scoping review
Authors: Huang Lucy , Woods Charmaine M. , Dharmawardana Nuwan , Michael Michael Z. , Ooi Eng Hooi
Published: February 2024

This scoping review identifies the mechanistic pathways of metformin when used to treat head and neck cancer cells, in the pre-clinical setting. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will inform future experimental designs exploring metformin as a potential adjuvant for head and neck cancer. This scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna-Briggs Institute framework. A structured search identified 1288 studies, of which 52 studies fulfilled the eligibility screen. The studies are presented in themes addressing hallmarks of cancer. Most of the studies demonstrated encouraging anti-proliferative effects in vitro and reduced tumor weight and volume in animal models. However, a few studies have cautioned the use of metformin which supported cancer cell growth under certain conditions.