bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Look after your foundation doctors
Authors: Cutajar Jonathan , Cutajar Peter
Published: November 2020

Background/aims

This article reports on the career choice of foundation doctors going through a local foundation programme and whether they planned to take an F3 year. The authors also prospectively gathered views relating to their career choice and the need for an F3 year.

Method

Data were gathered from 193 foundation doctors training in Nottinghamshire between 2015 and 2020 through an unstructured interview process. Data were anonymised and used to learn about career pathway choices and whether they planned to take an F3 year option. Reasons for this pathway were also explored.

Results

Data showed that there was a steady increase in the proportion of trainees opting for F3 over time

Conclusions

The local picture in terms of trainees taking an F3 option reflects the national trend. Some trainees find foundation training a stressful time and so need to be offered support. The authors comment on the factors that make a career appealing to trainees.
A guide to the management of fever in under-5s
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: November 2020

This article looks at the causes and management of fever in children. It explores the recommendations for treating children at home and identifying children at risk of serious illness who may need further investigation
Awareness among health visitors of the association between postnatal depression and intimate partner abuse
Authors: Davies Emma , Spargo Dwynwen
Published: November 2020

Intimate partner abuse and postnatal depression (PND) are of particular significance to specialist community public health nurses in the field of health visiting practice as they are key contributors to the health and development of children. However, evidence regarding the association between these two phenomena is limited. A literature review was conducted to identify ways in which health visiting practice could be informed to identify and support women experiencing intimate partner abuse and PND. The review identified three main themes: a significant co-concurrence between intimate partner abuse and PND; a relationship between lifetime abuse and PND; and the impact of emotional abuse in relation to PND.
The use of biologics in professional and Olympic sport: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Makaram Navnit S. , Murray Iain R. , Rodeo Scott A. , Sherman Seth L. , Murray Andrew D. , Haddad Fares S. , McAdams Timothy R. , Abrams Geoffrey D.
Published: November 2020

Aims

The use of biologics in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in Olympic and professional athletes appears to be increasing. There are no studies which currently map the extent, range, and nature of existing literature concerning the use and efficacy of such therapies in this arena. The objective of this scoping review is to map the available evidence regarding the use of biologics in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in Olympic and professional sport.

Methods

Best-practice methodological frameworks suggested by Arksey and O’Malley, Levac et al, and the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. This scoping review will aim to firstly map the current extent, range, and nature of evidence for biologic strategies to treat injuries in professional and Olympic sport; secondly, to summarize and disseminate existing research findings; and thirdly, to identify gaps in existing literature. A three-step search strategy will identify peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed literature, including reviews, original research, and both published and unpublished (‘grey’) literature. An initial limited search will identify suitable search terms, followed by a search of five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) using keyword and index terms. Studies will be screened independently by two reviewers for final inclusion.

Dissemination

We will chart key concepts and evidence, and disseminate existing research findings to practitioners and clinicians, through both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed literature, online platforms (including social media), conference, and in-person communications. We will identify gaps in current literature and priorities for further study.
A unified strategy for the synthesis of amorfrutins A and B and evaluation of their cytotoxicity
Authors: Brandes Benjamin , Hoenke Sophie , Türk Michael , Weber Björn , Deigner Hans-Peter , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Csuk René
Published: November 2020

3,5-Dimethoxy-benzaldehyde was used as a starting material to synthesize a central intermediate, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-phenethylbenzoic acid that was converted very quickly and with good yields into amorfrutins A and B. Furthermore, this compound was also used as a starting material to synthesize a piperazinyl-rhodamine B conjugate. The latter compound showed good cytotoxicity (EC50 = 2.3–5.1 mM) and promising selective cytotoxicity (S = 2.1–4.6) for human tumor cell lines as compared to non-malignant fibroblasts (NIH 3T3).
The ‘State of Emergency’ or the ‘State of Exception’? Bahrain and COVID-19
Authors: Alsarghali Sanaa
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness across the globe of how constitutions respond to crisis. Typically, countries, and their constitutions, have provisions that enable governments to respond to these crises rapidly through forms of exceptional powers which suspend usual constitutional norms. These powers are often invoked after declaring a ‘state of emergency’, a constitutional clause that has strict stipulations and requirements. Certain regimes, however, have been known to abuse these exceptional powers and to use them in times of normalcy (non-crisis). This paper examines how Bahrain has used exceptional measures to confront COVID-19, within the context of its past use of such powers, and suggests that Bahrain is not in a state of emergency, but is now operating in what Giorgio Agamben has labelled ‘a state of exception’.
The impact of COVID-19 on Iranian politics
Authors: Zaccara Luciano
Published: November 2020

The first city officially affected by COVID-19 was Iran’s religious centre, Qom, on 19 February 2020. However, as this paper shows, Qom is not only the Islamic Republic’s most important city when it comes to religious matters, but also when it comes to political issues. In consequence, the pandemic quickly spread from the initial epicentre throughout the country in three waves with, to date, more than 600,000 positive cases and 36,000 deaths. In stark contrast to other countries, a very large proportion of members of Iran’s clerical and political establishment as well as government institutions had been infected.

Despite the alarming figures, Iranian authorities tried to avoid strict confinement measures to prevent not only the healthcare system but also the already enormously strained economy from collapsing. COVID-19 in combination with crippling US sanctions have had severe impacts on the Iranian economy and its government, whose credibility and performance had already been called into question.

The article provides an early analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the Islamic Republic and its political system, enquiring into immediate and future challenges for the current and the next government in dealing with the effects of the pandemic in combination with the US’s maximum pressure campaign.
Supporting families and carers of people living with multiple sclerosis: a rapid realist review and realist evaluation
Authors: Bulley Cathy , Baer Gillian , Mahal Dawn , Buckton Christina H , Donald Stewart , Lugton Keith , Gillespie David , McCormack Brendan
Published: November 2020

Supportive interventions are needed for the family and carers of people with multiple sclerosis. A rapid realist review and realist evaluation explored what helps, who it helps, when and how. Literature analysis was synthesised with a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews and focus groups with 49 family and carers of people with multiple sclerosis. The resulting model summarised a family of interventions that could help people develop their capabilities and expand their resources, resulting in more positive outcomes. This may prevent or delay a ‘tipping point’ where capacity to care is overwhelmed by caring roles.
Experimental evolution of the temporal and spectral profiles of noise-like pulses within the mode-locked regions of a figure-eight fiber laser
Authors: González-Galicia M. A. , Pottiez O. , Reyes-Ramírez B. , Lozano-Crisóstomo N.
Published: November 2020

We present an experimental analysis of the pulse profile variability within the mode-locked regions of an erbium-doped figure-eight fiber laser (EDFEFL). The tuning of the mode-locked regions was carried out by varying and recording the values of the angle of the polarization controllers in the ring section and in the nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). Within the mode-locked regions, we obtained a large variability of the temporal profile, specifically amplitude and width of the noise-like pulses (NLPs). Subsequently, we recorded and studied the changes in the spectral domain. We identified the mode-locked regions where the temporal profile of the pulse remains constant (stationary state), and where it expels sub-packets (non-stationary state). Finally, a theoretical analysis of the power transmission through the polarizing in the ring section and in the NOLM switching characteristic as a function of wave plate angles is also performed, which allows an understanding of the existence of the multiple mode-locked regions and pulse profile adjustability. We analyze NLPs with a carrier wavelength of 1560 nm with duration of the order of nanoseconds and a repetition rate of 0.9 MHz.
Cavity electro-optics in thin-film lithium niobate for efficient microwave-to-optical transduction
Authors: Holzgrafe Jeffrey , Sinclair Neil , Zhu Di , Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Colangelo Marco , Hu Yaowen , Zhang Mian , Berggren Karl K. , Lončar Marko
Published: November 2020

Linking superconducting quantum devices to optical fibers via microwave-optical quantum transducers may enable large-scale quantum networks. For this application, transducers based on the Pockels electro-optic (EO) effect are promising for their direct conversion mechanism, high bandwidth, and potential for low-noise operation. However, previously demonstrated EO transducers require large optical pump power to overcome weak EO coupling and reach high efficiency. Here, we create an EO transducer in thin-film lithium niobate, a platform that provides low optical loss and strong EO coupling. We demonstrate on-chip transduction efficiencies of up to

and

of optical pump power. The transduction efficiency can be improved by further reducing the microwave resonator’s piezoelectric coupling to acoustic modes, increasing the optical resonator quality factor to previously demonstrated levels, and changing the electrode geometry for enhanced EO coupling. We expect that with further development, EO transducers in thin-film lithium niobate can achieve near-unity efficiency with low optical pump power.
Four-wave mixing in high-Q tellurium-oxide-coated silicon nitride microring resonators
Authors: Kiani Khadijeh Miarabbas , Mbonde Hamidu M. , Frankis Henry C. , Mateman Richard , Leinse Arne , Knights Andrew P. , Bradley Jonathan D. B.
Published: November 2020

We report the first-time observation, to the best of our knowledge, of four-wave mixing (FWM) in hybrid tellurium oxide coated silicon nitride ring resonators with internal Q factors of 1.7 × 105 to 1.0 × 106. We show oscillation at NIR wavelengths ranging from 1020 nm to 2530 nm under 1590 nm pumping. The FWM process has been investigated for TeO2-coated Si3N4 ring resonators with a 600 µm radius and FWM is observed for threshold launched pump powers as low as 25 mW with normal group velocity dispersion (GVD). With the potential for engineering of the GVD to the anomalous regime, a phase-matched and more efficient FWM process can be realized, which can pave the way for broadband frequency comb generation in this platform. These results suggest further promise of higher performance and lower threshold power nonlinear devices on a low-loss CMOS compatible platform with the possibility of co-integration of active functionalities due to high solubility of rare earth dopants in tellurium oxide.
Bounds on Sectional Curvature and Interactions with Topology
Authors: Amann Manuel
Published: November 2020

In this survey article we exemplarily illustrate implications of curvature assumptions on the topology of the underlying manifold. We shall mainly focus on sectional curvature and three different kinds of restrictions, namely on non-negative respectively on positive sectional curvature, as well as on two-sided curvature bounds.

We shall see that there are various implications on the side of topology, namely, for example, geometry having an impact on elementary invariants like the Euler characteristic or Betti numbers as well as on concepts from rational homotopy theory or index theory, and that there are connections to K-theory.

On our way of making these connections we shall draw on certain simplifications and tools like group actions or metrics with additional properties like geometric formality.
Using oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes to track the migratory movement of Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) along Western Flyways of North America
Authors: Wommack Elizabeth A. , Marrack Lisa C. , Mambelli Stefania , Hull Joshua M. , Dawson Todd E.
Published: November 2020

The large-scale patterns of movement for the Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), a small forest hawk found throughout western North America, are largely unknown. However, based on field observations we set out to test the hypothesis that juvenile migratory A. striatus caught along two distinct migration routes on opposite sides of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of North America (Pacific Coast and Intermountain Migratory Flyways) come from geographically different natal populations. We applied stable isotope analysis of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) of feathers, and large scale models of spatial isotopic variation (isoscapes) to formulate spatially explicit predictions of the origin of the migrant birds. Novel relationships were assessed between the measured hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of feathers from A. striatus museum specimens of known origin and the isoscape modeled hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of precipitation at those known locations. We used these relationships to predict the origin regions for birds migrating along the two flyways from the measured isotope values of migrant’s feathers and the associated hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation where these feathers were formed. The birds from the two migration routes had overlap in their natal/breeding origins and did not differentiate into fully separate migratory populations, with birds from the Pacific Coast Migratory Flyway showing broader natal geographic origins than those from the Intermountain Flyway. The methodology based on oxygen isotopes had, in general, less predictive power than the one based on hydrogen. There was broad agreement between the two isotope approaches in the geographic assignment of the origins of birds migrating along the Pacific Coast Flyway, but not for those migrating along the Intermountain Migratory Flyway. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for conservation efforts of A. striatus in western North America, and the use of combined hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope analysis to track the movement of birds of prey on continental scales.
Angiopoietin-2 is released during anaphylactic hypotension in anesthetized and unanesthetized rats
Authors: Zhang Tao , Shibamoto Toshishige , Tanida Mamoru , Taniguchi Makoto , Kuda Yuhichi , Yang Wei , Kurata Yasutaka
Published: November 2020

Angiopoietin (Angpt)-2, a permeability-increasing growth factor, is involved in vascular leakage of sepsis and acute lung injury, and could be released from endothelium in response to anaphylaxis-related secretagogues such as histamine and leukotrienes, or cytokines. However, roles of Angpt-2 in the hyperpermeability during systemic anaphylaxis are not known. Thus, we determined plasma levels of Angpt-2 and cytokines and vascular permeability during anaphylactic hypotension in unanesthetized rats. Anaphylaxis was induced by an intravenous injection of ovalbumin antigen. Mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) was measured, and hematocrit (Hct) and plasma levels of Angpt-2 and cytokines were assessed for 24 h after antigen injection. Separately, vascular permeability was measured in various organs using the Evans blue dye method, and Angpt-2 mRNA expression in liver was measured. After antigen injection, MBP decreased to the nadir at 6 min, and returned to baseline at 45 min, and Hct peaked at 20 min and thereafter progressively declined, suggesting that vascular leak and hypotension occurred within 20 min. Plasma Angpt-2 levels began to increase significantly at 1 h after antigen, reaching the peak 2.7-fold baseline at 6 h with a return to baseline at 24 h. Detected cytokines of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α peaked 1 or 2 h after antigen. Angpt-2 mRNA increased at 2 h and showed an increasing tendency at 6 h. Vascular permeability in bronchus, trachea, intestines, mesentery and skeletal muscle was increased at 10 min but not at 6 h after antigen. In addition, we confirmed using anesthetized rat anaphylaxis models that plasma Angpt-2 levels increased at 1 h after antigen. In conclusion, plasma Angpt-2 is elevated presumably due to increased cytokines and enhanced gene transcription during anaphylaxis in anesthetized and unanesthetized rats.
Imagining Taiwan: The Role of Art in Taiwan’s Quest for Identity (1987–2010), Sophie McIntyre (2018)
Authors: Damm Jens
Published: November 2020

Review of: Imagining Taiwan: The Role of Art in Taiwan’s Quest for Identity (1987–2010), Sophie McIntyre (2018)

Leiden: Brill, xxi+348 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-00429-012-9, h/bk, €108.00/USD 130.00 (cloth)
Unmarked Graves: Death and Survival in the Anti-Communist Violence in East Java, Indonesia, Vannessa Hearman (2018)
Authors: Donny Lin Dong-Yu
Published: November 2020

Review of: Unmarked Graves: Death and Survival in the Anti-Communist Violence in East Java, Indonesia, Vannessa Hearman (2018)

Singapore: NUS Press, xiii + 288 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-81472-294-0, p/bk, SGD 38.00
Sky Hopinka, Around the Edge of Encircling Lake
Authors: Groening Jillian
Published: November 2020

Review of: Sky Hopinka, Around the Edge of Encircling Lake

Curated by Clara Halpern

What Was Always Yours and Never Lost

Curated by Sky Hopinka

The Art Gallery of York University, Toronto, 15 January–15 March 2020
Lahore Biennale 02: Between the Sun and the MOON
Authors: Kurd Nadia
Published: November 2020

Review of: Lahore Biennale 02: Between the Sun and the Moon

Curated by Sheikha Hoor Al-Qasimi, Lahore, 26 January–29 February 2020
Poems for Impending Doom
Authors: Adlington Marilyn
Published: November 2020

Review of: Poems for Impending Doom

Curated by Lucy Pauker and Alessia Oliva, Centre for Art Tapes, Halifax, March 2020–ongoing
Of(f) Our Times: Curatorial Anachronics, Rike Frank and Beatrice von Bismarck (eds)
Authors: Brzek Dennis
Published: November 2020

Review of: Of(f) Our Times: Curatorial Anachronics, Rike Frank and Beatrice von Bismarck (eds)

Berlin: Sternberg Press (2019), 272 pp., p/bk, ISBN: 978-3-95679-499-5, €21.00
Vállalati értékteremtés vizsgálata az iparági teljesítmény tükrében
Authors: Rózsa Andrea , Tálas Dorisz
Published: November 2020

Az átfogó és összehasonlító teljesítménymérés szükséges bemeneti feltétele a vállalati értékteremtés vizsgálatának. A szerzők tanulmányukban célul tűzték ki, hogy egy általános keretrendszert állítanak fel a vállalati értékteremtés vizsgálatához, figyelembe véve a vállalati versenyképesség pénzügyi aspektusait. A megvalósításhoz releváns külföldi szakirodalmakat és a témára vonatkozó korábbi kutatásaikat használják fel. Bemutatnak egy elemzési keretet, amelynek alapjait a teljesítménymérés nemzetközileg elfogadott pénzügyi mutatószámai képezik. A módszertant a magyar élelmiszeripari feldolgozó ágazat egy speciális részterületén tesztelik a válság utáni időszak éves beszámolóit felhasználva. A mintát az iparági koncentráció alapján olyan vállalatok alkotják, amelyek magas árbevétellel és diverzifikált termékszerkezettel rendelkeznek. A komplex és összehasonlító teljesítményértékelésen túl a kiemelkedő versenyképességű társaság esetében vállalati szabad cash flow-alapú és reálopciós értékteremtés becslést is végeznek. Fő kutatási kérdésük, hogy a vizsgált iparági minta alapján a kiváló pénzügyi teljesítménnyel rendelkező vállalat esetén kimutatható-e vállalati értékteremtés is.
Proposta Metodológica para a Elaboração de Mapas de Divisas Municipais
Authors: Duarte Rafael , Cintra Jorge Pimentel
Published: November 2020

O trabalho propõe uma metodologia para definição de limites municipais, fruto de experimentações teórico-práticas. Como primeira aproximação, apresenta-se a metodologia que foi aplicada à elaboração de um mapa de divisas do município de Jandira (São Paulo) e, à luz desse teste e de outros em paralelo, validou-se e melhorou-se a metodologia, para que fosse aplicável à elaboração de futuros mapas de outros municípios em condições semelhantes. Para o entendimento da questão, apresentam-se alguns conceitos como território, territorialidade e fronteira bem como as técnicas cartográficas necessárias para representar e gerenciar corretamente o espaço do território de interesse.
Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Clouds in Northeast Brazil (2000 -2019) using MODIS Data
Authors: Dutra Andeise Cerqueira , Arai Egidio , Sampaio Claudia Bloisi Vaz , Shimabukuro Yosio Edemir
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a distribuição espacial e temporal da cobertura de nuvens no Nordeste brasileiro, mensal e anualmente, a partir de 2000 a 2019, afim de determinar se há um padrão espacial e temporal na distribuição da cobertura de nuvens e se existe um padrão entre a distribuição de cobertura de nuvens em relação à quantidade de chuva. Para isso, foram utilizadas imagens diárias adquiridas para o período analisado pelo sensor MODIS, que incluem a garantia de qualidade (QA) desses dados quanto a cobertura de nuvens (pixel livre de nuvens, com total cobertura de nuvens, ou com mistura de nuvens). Para fins comparativos, dados de QA dos sensores OLI (Landsat-8) e MSI (Sentinel-2) para 2019 foram utilizados. Além disso, foram utilizados dados de chuva adquiridos pelo satélite TRMM, considerando os biomas Amazônia, Mata Atlântica, Caatinga e Cerrado. Os resultados possibilitaram conhecer a distribuição espacial e temporal de imagens livres de nuvens e aqueles com presença de nuvens. Na região Nordeste, os biomas Amazônia e Mata Atlântica são fortemente afetados pela presença de nuvens, enquanto os biomas Caatinga e Cerrado são os menos afetados. Observações anuais não indicam clara evidência sobre a redução na qualidade dos dados em anos mais chuvosos. Enquanto que as observações mensais indicam que, exceto para a Mata Atlântica, nos meses mais chuvosos há redução de ~50% de imagens livres de nuvens. Dessa maneira, os meses mais favoráveis à aquisição de dados por sensores ópticos são no período seco, mais especificamente entre maio e outubro, principalmente no bioma Cerrado. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de aumento na disponibilidade de imagens orbitais livres de nuvens na região, sobretudo nos biomas Amazônia e Mata Atlântica, visto que isso se torna um fator limitante para o mapeamento e monitoramento de uso e cobertura da terra dessa região principalmente quanto menor for a resolução temporal do sensor utilizado.
Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Priority Municipality for Deforestation Control Actions in the Amazon using GEOBIA
Authors: Conceição Katyanne Viana da , Chaves Michel Eustáquio Dantas , Mataveli Guilherme Augusto Verola
Published: November 2020

The objective of this work was to detect land use and land cover changes in the municipality of Rondon do Pará, in the Brazilian Legal Amazon, through the Geographic Object-based Image Analysis (GEOBIA), aiming to identify whether its inclusion in the list of priority municipalities for actions to prevent, monitor and control deforestation in the Amazon (Decree 6.321/2007), has inhibited this process. The methodological procedure involved the calculation of vegetation indices to highlight interest classes, the segmentation of the images into geo-objects and the classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. Also, we evaluated the relationship between annual rates of particulate material with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) emitted from fires and deforestation in Rondon do Pará. The results show the reduction of deforestation rates but the conversion, in absolute values, of 984,47 km² of natural vegetation to anthropized areas along the 2006-2017 period, and the reduction of the average PM2.5 fire emissions from 31,107 tons year-1 between 2002 and 2007 to 10,394 ton year-1 in the post-inclusion period (2008-2019). This represents that the inclusion of Rondon do Pará in this list was beneficial, but the suppression of natural vegetation was not totally curbed, reinforcing that changes from environmental policies are gradual. Activities that do not use fire to suppress natural vegetation, such as selective logging, common in Rondon do Pará, had impact. This makes it necessary to intensify inspections and the development of sustainable actions in the region.
Mapeamento da Fragilidade Ambiental Potencial do Meio Físico da Área Urbana do Município de Lábrea – Sul do Amazonas
Authors: Linhares Joiada Moreira da Silva , Silva Déborah Pereira Linhares da , Bastos Wanderley Rodrigues , Batista Josélia Fontenele
Published: November 2020

A população de Lábrea – AM está estimada em 46.069 habitantes, dos quais quase 70% vive em área urbana. A migração da população campo-cidade tem propiciado a expansão indiscriminada do espaço urbano de Lábrea. Por isso, é comum encontrar domicílios em áreas impróprias para instalação de moradias, não só do ponto de vista da fragilidade ambiental, mas também do ponto de vista geotécnico. Assim, o estudo teve o objetivo de realizar o diagnóstico da fragilidade ambiental potencial na área urbana do município de Lábrea. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram organizados em etapas: 1) arquitetura organizacional dos dados no SIG; 2) preparação de base cartográfica e processamento digital de imagem e; 3) determinação das classes de fragilidade potencial, a partir do método de individualização de unidades ecodinâmicas instáveis e estáveis. A cidade de Lábrea apresenta áreas com fragilidade ambiental potencial fraca, média e forte, correspondendo a 33,18%, 7,3% e 51,63% respectivamente. As unidades morfológicas de planície e os vales fluviais mostraram-se mais sensíveis às mudanças do sistema natural. Por outro lado, as unidades de depressão e terraços fluviais apresentaram média e fraca fragilidade ambiental, condições favoráveis ao processo de ampliação planejada da urbanização.
Landslide Scars Detection using Remote Sensing and Pattern Recognition Techniques: Comparison Among Artificial Neural Networks, Gaussian Maximum Likelihood, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine Classifiers
Authors: Dias Tardelli Uehara Tatiana , Paes Leme Passos Corrêa Sabrina , Pacheco Quevedo Renata , Sehn Körting Thales , Vieira Dutra Luciano , Daleles Rennó Camilo
Published: November 2020

Landslide inventory is an essential tool to support disaster risk mitigation. The inventory is usually obtained via conventional methods, as visual interpretation of remote sensing images, or semi-automatic methods, through pattern recognition. In this study, four classification algorithms are compared to detect landslides scars: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Maximum Likelihood (ML), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). From Sentinel-2A imagery and SRTM’s Digital Elevation Model (DEM), vegetation indices and slope features were extracted and selected for two areas at the Rolante River Catchment, in Brazil. The classification products showed that the ML and the RF presented superior results with OA values above 92% for both study areas.  These best accuracy’s results were identified in classifications using all attributes as input, so without previous feature selection.
Subpixel Analysis of MODIS Imagery Time Series using Transfer Learning and Relative Calibration
Authors: Moreira Noeli Aline Particcelli , Reis Mariane Souza , Körting Thales Sehn , Dutra Luciano Vieira , Castejon Emiliano Ferreira , Arai Egidio
Published: November 2020

Transfer learning reuses a pre-trained model on a new related problem, which can be useful for monitoring large areas such as the Amazon biome. A given object must have similar spectral characteristics in the data used for this type of analysis, which can be achieved using relative calibration techniques. In this article, we present a relative calibration process in multitemporal images and evaluate its impacts on a subpixel classification process. MODIS images from the Amazon region, collected between 2013 and 2017, were relatively calibrated using a 2012 image as reference and classified by transfer learning. Classifications of calibrated and uncalibrated images were compared with data from the PRODES project, focusing on forest areas. A great variation was observed in the spectral responses of the forest class, even in images of proximate dates and from the same sensor. These variations significantly impacted the land cover classifications in the subpixel, with cases of agreement between the uncalibrated data maps and PRODES of 0%. For calibrated data, the agreement values ​​were greater than 70%. The results indicate that the method used, although quite simple, is adequate and necessary for the subpixel classification of MODIS images by transfer learning.
Distribuição Longitudinal da Potência de Canal e da Potência de Canal Específica: Proposta Metodológica Baseada em Softwares Livres
Authors: Suizu Tainá Medeiros , Pinton Leandro de Godoi , Ferreira Ricardo Vicente
Published: November 2020

A capacidade de um rio realizar o seu trabalho geomórfico é determinada por meio das equações da potência de canal. Apesar da ampla influência dessas taxas de energia sobre os distintos aspectos do sistema fluvial, poucos trabalhos na literatura geomorfológica brasileira têm avaliado a sua distribuição em uma perspectiva longitudinal. Assim, o objetivo desse artigo é apresentar uma adaptação de proposta metodológica para a obtenção de gradientes espaciais da potência de canal e da potência de canal específica. Os procedimentos que envolvem a proposta foram aplicados no contexto da bacia hidrográfica do rio Aguapeí (SP), sendo fundamentados no uso de Modelos Digitais de Elevação e na extração de dados em Sistema de Informação Geográfica e a sua manipulação em ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado para computação estatística. A avaliação de ambas as potências de canal do rio Aguapeí (SP), com base na disposição longitudinal dos valores de largura, vazão de margens plenas e declividade do canal, demonstrou que essas três variáveis são proeminentes na configuração dos gradientes de energia. Ademais, verificou-se a existência de um padrão não linear da distribuição das potências de canal derivado, sobretudo, das variações litológicas que produzem declives anômalos ao longo desse rio. De modo geral, os resultados demonstraram o elevado potencial de replicabilidade da presente proposta metodológica, tendo em vista o emprego de softwares livres com código-fonte aberto e a possibilidade de utilização sem grandes restrições em relação às particularidades do sistema fluvial.
Modelagem e distribuição potencial de espécies arbóreas relevantes para a dinâmica sociocultural e ecológica do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Gaia José Américo , Israel de Souza Bartolomeu , Farias Paiva de Lucena Reinaldo , Santos Souza Ramon , Lima Bezerra Gaia Carolina
Published: November 2020

A Modelagem de Nicho Ecológico é importante ferramenta para estabelecer predições de distribuição de espécies no espaço geográfico. O Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, no Piauí, Brasil, é uma Unidade de Conservação Federal de Proteção Integral, com 6.221 hectares. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a distribuição geográfica e avaliar o impacto das variáveis na predição do habitat de adequação atual de algumas espécies arbóreas. Foram selecionadas seis espécies, em função do seu valor ecológico e sociocultural: Hymenaea courbaril L; Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel; Parkia platycephala Benth.; Magonia pubescens A.St.-Hil.; Caryocar coriaceum Wittm e Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. Ex DC.). Como resultado, Foram apontadas 130 espécies arbóreas, onde foi identificado que: a distribuição potencial de Parkia platycephala se concentrou em 26,19 km²; Himatanthus drasticus teve o nicho potencial ocupando 18,44 km²; Hymenaea courbaril teve área estimada em 16,19 km²; Handroanthus impetiginosus teve área potencial prevista no modelo em 12,01 km²; Caryocar coriaceum abrangeu 15,06 km²; Magonia pubescens foi prevista em 16,66 km². Observou-se que na escala de paisagem, as variáveis topoclimáticas e de textura da cobertura vegetal apresentaram um modelo com bom desempenho e validade para predizer a distribuição potencial.
CBCTBMF completou 50 anos com muitas atividades e ações para os sócios
Authors: Filho José Rodrigues Laureano
Published: November 2020

Prezados membros do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial, o CBCTBMF comemorou 50 anos em meio a um período de pandemia, com enormes desafios, não somente no dia a dia, nas adaptações impostas ao trabalho do cirurgião bucomaxilofacial, mas também estruturais e organizacionais. Além de todas as atividades que essa diretoria vem desenvolvendo durante a gestão 2018/2020, estivemos presentes em todos os canais de comunicação, promovendo lives semanais e publicando depoimentos de ex-presidentes, entre outras homenagens nas mídias sociais. Temos trabalhado para que nossa especialidade permaneça reconhecida e valorizada junto a órgãos como o Ministério da Saúde e a Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS), por exemplo, com um aumento de procedimentos de cirurgias bucomaxilofaciais sendo autorizado pelos convênios de saúde.
Identifikasi Scatophagus argus yang dipasarkan di Jakarta berdasarkan Analisis Morfologi dan DNA Barcoding
Authors: Sulistiowati Sulistiowati , Madduppa Hawis
Published: November 2020

Species list of economical fish landed in Muara Baru Modern Fish Market, Jakarta needs to be examined. Fish species information needs to know the species of fish being traded. However, many species are difficult to identify morphologically. The aim of this research was to identify fish based on their morphological characters and DNA barcoding. The methods of this research were morphologic, morphometric, and molecular identification with DNA barcoding using PCR. Morphological analysis results showed that fish samples have unique characteristics in the presence of spots on their bodies and fading in the abdomen. Morphometric observations were made with 19 different characters and weight measurements. The 19 fish characters observed have a standard deviation of <1, mean that the fish samples taken have a size that was not much different. A comparison ratio of 18 morphometric characters to total length (PT) showed variable results. Genetic analysis of the fish studied had the Max Score and Total Score was same, 1201, Query Coverage was 95%, and Ident was 100%. Based on morphological analysis and DNA barcoding used by fish species identified as Scatophagus argus species. Both methods were successfully carried out and the two methods complement each other to identify fish species correctly and accurately. Jumlah ikan ekonomis yang banyak diperjualbelikan di Pasar Muara Baru, Jakarta perlu dilakukan penelitian. Informasi spesies ikan perlu diketahui untuk mengetahui jenis ikan yang diperjualbelikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi morfologi ikan dengan pendekatan studi morfometrik dan DNA barcoding. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengamatan morfologi dan pengukuran morfometri serta identifikasi molekuler dengan DNA barcoding menggunakan PCR. Hasil analisis morfologi menunjukkan bahwa sampel ikan memiliki karakteristik yang unik dengan adanya corak totol di seluruh tubuhnya dan memudar di bagian perut. Pengamatan morfometrik dilakukan dengan 19 karakter yang berbeda serta pengukuran berat. 19 karakter ikan yang diamati memiliki standar deviasi yang <1, artinya sampel ikan yang terambil memiliki ukuran yang tidak jauh berbeda. Rasio perbandingan 18 karakter morfometri terhadap panjang total (PT) menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi. Analisis genetik dari ikan  yang diteliti memiliki Max Score dan Total Score sama yaitu 1201 dengan Query Coverage 95%, dan Ident 100%. Berdasarkan analisis morfologi dan DNA barcoding yang digunakan spesies ikan teridenfikasi spesies Scatophagus argus.  Kedua metode tersebut berhasil dilakukan dan kedua metode tersebut saling melengkapi untuk melakukan identifikasi spesies ikan secara tepat dan akurat.
Pola Pertumbuhan dan Identifikasi Genetik Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791 [Turbinidae, Gastropoda]
Authors: Saleky Dandi , Supriyatin Febriyani Eka , Dailami Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Morphological dan genetic identification is an essential part of biology and ecological study. Environmental degradation, physical and chemical facto in water, and utilization of gastropod by society will give impact in distribution pattern, population size, morphology and genetic characteristic of the snail. This research aims to analyze the growth pattern and molecular aspect of Turbo setosus. The variable that examined is total weight and length, and cytochrome oxidase subunit one gene sequence. The growth factor of T. setosus is negative allometric, which means weight growth is slower than the length growth. The total length of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 of these samples were 650 base pairs. Based on the DNA barcoding analysis, the sequence is 96.92% identic with the sequence of T. setosus in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed with neighbour-joining methods and 1000 replication bootstrap, show the clade grouping based on the similarity and genetic distance of the species. The sequence data is vital for species identification fast and accurately.    Identifikasi morfologi dan genetik menjadi bagian penting dari setiap studi biologi maupun ekologi, degradasi lingkungan, faktor fisik-kimia lingkungan dan pemanfaatan gastropoda secara terus menerus akan mempengaruhi penyebaran, penurunan populasi, karakteristik morfologi dan juga karakter molekuler spesies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola pertumbuhan dan karakter molekuler Turbo setosus. Variabel yang diukur adalah berat total dan panjang total serta identifikasi molekuler dengan menggunakan gen sitokrom oksidase I. Pola pertumbuhan T. setosus adalah allometrik negatif yang berarti pertambahan berat lebih lambat dari pertambahan panjang. Hasil identifikasi dengan DNA barcoding diperoleh spesies T. setosus dengan panjang sekuen DNA 650 bp. Rekonstruksi filogenetik dengan metode Neighbor-Joining boostrap 1000x memperlihatkan pengelompokan sekuen berdasarkan kimiripan dan jarak genetik antar spesies. penting dalam identifikasi spesies secara cepat, tepat dan akurat.
Biology Reproduction and Dynamic of Gonads Maturity Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus) in Betahwalang Waters, Demak
Authors: Redjeki Sri , Zainuri Muhammad , Widowati Ita , Ghofar Abdul , Agus Elsa Lusia , Mustagpirin Mustagpirin , Ayodya Panji
Published: November 2020

The waters of Betahwalang, Demak has quite potential fisheries resources. For the sustainability of crab resources, active management is necessary applied. Information on biology reproduction of crabs is required. The purpose of this research was to determine the biological aspects of sex ratio and the dynamics of the gonadal maturity level. This research was conducted on September-November 2018 in Betahwalang Waters. The method used in this study is a descriptive research method. Data were collected by determining gender, weight and width of the carapace, the level of gonadal maturity. The results from observations of crab landed with a total of 6,292 crabs showed a percentage of 37.30% males and 62.70% females with sex ratios in September (1: 1.70), October, (1: 1.46), and November (1: 1.98). The observation of gonadal maturity level in September (Level I 162 crabs, Level II 1425 crabs, Level III 607 crabs) in October (Level I 130 crabs, Level II 832 crabs, Level III 207 crabs), and in November (Level I 46 crabs, Level II 753 crabs, Level III 195 crabs). The results show that the average crab catch on Betahwalang waters is dominated by the gonad II maturity level reaching (> 70%) of the total female caught. The results of the gonad maturity level are influenced by weather and season factors where the trend of the gonad maturity level will drop in the rainy season or in November.
Sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi Against Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol , C8H9ClO) Antiseptic and Pine Oil Disinfectant
Authors: Subagiyo Subagiyo , Yudiati Ervia , Azhar Nuril , Alghazeer Rabia
Published: November 2020

Vibrio spp. genus is known as a marine indigeneous bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and  V. harveyi are pathogenic Vibrio. This study aims to assess the sensitivity of three Vibrio species (V parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi) isolated from shrimp pond against two type of disinfectant with different active compound namely Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, C8H9ClO) and pine oil. The assessment was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods in Zobell agar media with two different concentration (10 and 100 ppm) and replicated in three times. Sensitivity of Vibrio spp. was analized based on the inhibition zone activity produced by disinfectant. Results showed that sensitivity of Vibrio spp. against disinfectant Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm were higher than 10 ppm. The increment of V parahaemolyticus was 182 %, V. vulnificus was 47 % and V. harveyi was 43 %, respectively.  Susceptibility of antiseptic with Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm was arised to 152 % (V. parahaemolyticus), 43 % (V. vulnificus) and 31 % (V. harveyi) when compared to 2.5% pine oil disinfectant. It can be concluded that Chloroxylenol  4,8 % active compound and pine oil were able to inhibit the Vibrio spp. growth.
Demographic Transition In Japanese Society (Socio-Cultural Study)
Authors: Pradhana Ngurah Indra
Published: November 2020

This research is a field research by going directly to the community as informants to obtain data. The data were obtained through distributing questionnaires and interviews with young people in the Kobe District, Japan. These problems are summarized in a study entitled: Demographic Transition in Japanese Society One Socio-Cultural Study. In the data collection stage, a questionnaire method and Interview techniques were used. Meanwhile, the method used to analyze the data was descriptive method. In this study, the results of data analysis were presented using informal methods, namely explaining data by describing all elements descriptively. Factors causing the demographic transition experienced by Japanese society at this time include Japan's involvement in the World War, geographic contours that are prone to disasters, high cost of living, and the presence of sophisticated robots that are the choice of entertainers in Japanese society. From the problems that have occurred, there have been several efforts made by the Japanese Government, including announcing a special allowance program for families who want to give birth to more than three children. A working mother can use quite long leave both before and after giving birth.
Exploring Overlap of Feather Molting and Migration in Tundra Swans Using δ2H Analysis
Authors: Wolf Nathan , Smeltz T. Scott , Welker Jeffrey M. , Rogers Matthew C. , Ely Craig
Published: November 2020

Determining the processes that shape the relative timing of energetically-costly events in the annual cycle of migrating birds is important to our understanding of avian phenology and ecology. We paired satellite tracking and hydrogen stable isotope analysis (δ2H) to examine the relative timing of two such events – migration and feather molting – in tundra swans from four breeding areas in Alaska, USA. Our results show a trend of increasing intra-individual variability in breast feather δ2H values with increasing migration distance, suggesting the overlap of breast feather molting and migration. However, when individual samples were pooled by breeding area, the δ2H values of breast and head feathers showed no trend with migration distance, presumably resulting from high levels of inter-individual variability in δ2H values within each breeding area. We explore potential reasons for this variability, propose potential mechanisms influencing feather δ2H values of tundra swans, and recommend further research into methods for exploring the temporal configuration of events in the annual cycle of migrating birds.
Sharp Liouville Theorems
Authors: Villegas Salvador
Published: November 2020

Consider the equation

div
⁡

(

φ
2

⁢

∇
⁡
σ

)

=
0

{\operatorname{div}(\varphi^{2}\nabla\sigma)=0}

in

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

, where

φ
>
0

{\varphi>0}

. Berestycki, Caffarelli and Nirenberg proved in [H. Berestycki, L. Caffarelli and L. Nirenberg, Further qualitative properties for elliptic equations in unbounded domains, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4) 25 1997, 69–94] that if there exists

C
>
0

{C>0}

such that

∫

B
R

(

φ
⁢
σ

)

2

≤

C
⁢

R
2

\int_{B_{R}}(\varphi\sigma)^{2}\leq CR^{2}

for every

R
≥
1

{R\geq 1}

, then σ is necessarily constant. In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions on

0
<
Ψ
∈

C
⁢

(

[
1
,
∞
)

)

{0<\Psi\in C([1,\infty))}

for which this result remains true if we replace

C
⁢

R
2

{CR^{2}}

by

Ψ
⁢

(
R
)

{\Psi(R)}

in any dimension N. In the case of the convexity of Ψ for large

R
>
1

{R>1}

and

Ψ
′

>
0

{\Psi^{\prime}>0}

, this condition is equivalent to

∫
1
∞

1

Ψ
′

=
∞

.

\int_{1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{\Psi^{\prime}}=\infty.
The Construction of Women’s Identities through Commemorative Objects in Bronze Age Mesopotamia
Authors: Highcock Nancy , Tsouparopoulou Christina
Published: November 2020

This article focuses on female devotees and divine beneficiaries in Early Mesopotamia, analyzing the nearly 600 known objects dating to the third and second millennia BCE and dedicated by non-royals to the gods, in order to memorialize themselves and others. It seeks to track patterns of gendering objects, namely through the lens of female identities. Such patterns include the relationship between female devotees, goddesses, and particular object types, such as female genitalia. In addition, by taking an intersectional approach to women’s identities, we demonstrate that factors such as status complicate the overarching patterns in object choice. Certain elite women, for example, dedicated mace-heads – normally a male-coded object – to the gods. Commemorative objects dedicated by private individuals thus comprise a crucial data set for not only examining religious belief and practice across Mesopotamia, but also the particular ways in which dedicatory practice represented female identities and commemorated individual women.