bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
See what you've been missing: An assessment of Reconyx® PC900 Hyperfire cameras
Authors: Urbanek Rachael E. , Ferreira Holly J. , Olfenbuttel Colleen , Dukes Casey G. , Albers Geriann
Published: October 2019

For camera‐trap studies to produce accurate data, cameras should have reliable detection of animals within their field of view. We reviewed 1,503,330 pictures obtained from August–September 2016 and February–March 2017 in North Carolina, USA, using 36 Reconyx® PC900 HyperFire cameras (Reconyx, Holmen, WI, USA). We evaluated factors related to temperature, wind speed, and whether specific detection band(s) and zone(s) may have increased the probability of triggering cameras. We focused on 10 species to determine species‐specific reasons for not triggering the camera. The odds of triggering the camera increased when an animal was detected in more zones. Additionally, there were more triggers than expected if an animal was observed in both detections bands as opposed to none. Triggered events were species‐dependent, seeming to favor larger species. The Passive Infrared Motion Detector (PIR) missed 14–16% of the independent events of bears (Ursus americanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and red wolves (C. rufus), and were overall ineffective at triggering for squirrels (92%; Sciurus spp.) and rabbits (80%; Sylvilagus spp.). Many (47–64%) of the independent events of gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and opossums (Didelphis virginiana) would have been missed if only the PIR function was used. The lack of detection of these species may underestimate occupancy and abundance estimates of these populations. Our results suggest that Reconyx HyperFire PC900 cameras have limitations as a broad, catch‐all system for monitoring wildlife as a result of the layout of their infrared detection zones. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Eigenstate thermalisation in the conformal Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model: an analytic approach
Authors: Nayak Pranjal , Sonner Julian , Vielma Manuel
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model provides an uncommon example of a chaotic theory that can be analysed analytically. In the deep infrared limit, the original model has an emergent conformal (reparametrisation) symmetry that is broken both spontaneously and explicitly. The explicit breaking of this symmetry comes about due to pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone modes that are not exact zero-modes of the model. In this paper, we study a version of the model which preserves the reparametrisation symmetry at all length scales. We study the heavy-light correlation functions of the operators in the conformal spectrum of the theory. The three point functions of such operators allow us to demonstrate that matrix elements of primaries

$$ \mathcal{O} $$

O

n
of the CFT1 take the form postulated by the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis. We also discuss the implications of these results for the states in AdS2 gravity dual.
Explanation of electron and muon g − 2 anomalies in the MSSM
Authors: Badziak Marcin , Sakurai Kazuki
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The current experimental values of anomalous magnetic moments of muon and electron deviate from the Standard Model predictions by few standard deviations, which might be a hint of new physics. The sizes and signs of these deviations are different and opposite between the electron and muon, which makes it difficult to explain both of these anomalies in a consistent model without introducing large flavour-violating effects. It is shown that they can be simultaneously explained in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) by arranging the sizes of bino-slepton and chargino-sneutrino contributions differently between the electron and muon sectors. The MSSM spectrum features very light selectrons and wino-like chargino, while they can evade LHC constraints due to degenerate spectra.
Nonabelian probes in holography
Authors: Domokos Sophia K. , Royston Andrew B.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We find the range of parameters for which the open string physics on probe Dq-branes in the near-horizon geometry of Dp-branes decouples from gravity, and is well-approximated by a (q+1)-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills-Higgs theory on a rigid curved spacetime. We study the vacua of these theories, which include moduli spaces of instantons, monopoles, and vortices. This intricate structure is made possible through couplings to the background Ramond-Ramond flux. The probe brane theories we study provide holographic descriptions of defects in dual field theories.
Dark matter in the Randall-Sundrum model with non-universal coupling
Authors: Goyal Ashok , Islam Rashidul , Kumar Mukesh
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We consider simplified dark matter models (DM) interacting gravitationally with the standard model (SM) particles in a Randall-Sundrum (RS) framework. In this framework, the DM particles interact through the exchange of spin-2 Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons in the s-channel with the SM particles. The parameter space of the RS model with universal couplings to SM particles is known to be strongly constrained from the LHC data. We are thus led to consider models with non-universal couplings. The first model we consider in this study is a top-philic graviton model in which only the right-handed top quarks are taken to interact strongly with the gravitons. In the second, the lepto-philic model, we assume that only the right-handed charged leptons interact strongly with the gravitons. We extend the study to include not only the scalar, vector and spin-1/2 fermions but also spin-3/2 fermionic dark matter. We find that there is a large parameter space in these benchmark models where it is possible to achieve the observed relic density consistent with the direct and indirect searches and yet not to be constrained from the LHC data.
Behind the times: a brief history of motivation discourse in problem-based learning
Authors: Wijnia Lisette , Servant-Miklos Virginie F. C.
Published: October 2019

That idea that problem-based learning (PBL) is more motivating that traditional education has been prevalent since the inception of PBL at McMaster University in the late 1960s. Evidencing this through empirical research, however, has proven to be a lot more problematic. This paper retraces how the discourse on motivation started from a laymen’s conception in the early days of PBL, and slowly evolved into a field of scientific inquiry in the 1980s and 1990s. However, looking at the evolution of motivation theory over the same period, we show that motivation discourse in the burgeoning literature on motivation and PBL remained largely wedded to the laymen’s approach, and failed to catch up with the new achievement-goal theory and self-determination theory approaches. This paper proceeds to analyse the explosion of studies on PBL and motivation after 2000, acknowledging efforts to move away from anecdotal accounts and provide theoretical grounding to the research. However, once again, we show that the majority of the research employed outdated motivational measures that do not fully grasp the complexity of contemporary motivation theory. The paper concludes on the observation that single-course and curriculum-wide research interventions have yielded no conclusive results on the effect of PBL on intrinsic motivation, and that future research should therefore seek to use up-to-date motivational constructs in more targeted interventions.
Synthesizing adaptive test strategies from temporal logic specifications
Authors: Bloem Roderick , Fey Goerschwin , Greif Fabian , Könighofer Robert , Pill Ingo , Riener Heinz , Röck Franz
Published: October 2019

Constructing good test cases is difficult and time-consuming, especially if the system under test is still under development and its exact behavior is not yet fixed. We propose a new approach to compute test strategies for reactive systems from a given temporal logic specification using formal methods. The computed strategies are guaranteed to reveal certain simple faults ineveryrealization of the specification and foreverybehavior of the uncontrollable part of the system’s environment. The proposed approach supports different assumptions on occurrences of faults (ranging from a single transient fault to a persistent fault) and by default aims at unveiling the weakest one. We argue that such tests are also sensitive for more complex bugs. Since the specification may not define the system behavior completely, we use reactive synthesis algorithms with partial information. The computed strategies areadaptive test strategiesthat react to behavior at runtime. We work out the underlying theory of adaptive test strategy synthesis and present experiments for a safety-critical component of a real-world satellite system. We demonstrate that our approach can be applied to industrial specifications and that the synthesized test strategies are capable of detecting bugs that are hard to detect with random testing.
The Dawn of Dust Astronomy
Authors: Grün Eberhard , Krüger Harald , Srama Ralf
Published: October 2019

We review the development of dust science from the first ground-based astronomical observations of dust in space to compositional analysis of individual dust particles and their source objects. A multitude of observational techniques is available for the scientific study of space dust: from meteors and interplanetary dust particles collected in the upper atmosphere to dust analyzed in situ or returned to Earth. In situ dust detectors have been developed from simple dust impact detectors determining the dust hazard in Earth orbit to dust telescopes capable of providing compositional analysis and accurate trajectory determination of individual dust particles in space. The concept of Dust Astronomy has been developed, recognizing that dust particles, like photons, carry information from remote sites in space and time. From knowledge of the dust particles’ birthplace and their bulk properties, we learn about the remote environment out of which the particles were formed. Dust Observatory missions like Cassini, Stardust, and Rosetta study Saturn’s satellites and rings and the dust environments of comet Wild 2 and comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, respectively. Supplemented by simulations of dusty processes in the laboratory we are beginning to understand the dusty environments in space.
Kinetic and equilibrium studies of biosorption of M(II) (M = Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cd) onto seaweed Posidonia oceanica fibers
Authors: Boulaiche Wassila , Belhamdi Badreddine , Hamdi Boualem , Trari Mohamed
Published: October 2019

This work reports the application ofPosidonia oceanicafor the elimination of heavy metals M(II) (M = Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb) by biosorption in batch system. The effect of the contact time, initial M concentration, pH and temperature was considered. The kinetic and equilibrium models for the M-biosorption were tested namely the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms models have also been used to fit equilibrium adsorption data. The adsorption kinetics follow a pseudo-second-order model for all studied systems, and the equilibrium data are suitably fitted by the above models. The amount of adsorbed metals by biosorption is 48.33, 43.9, 41.02, 37.90 and 30.22 mg/g for Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the metal biosorption is spontaneous with an endothermic nature.
Anticorruption in Brazil: From Transnational Legal Order to Disorder
Authors: Sanchez-Badin Michelle R. , Sanchez-Badin Arthur
Published: October 2019

While the United States has had almost fifty years of experience with anticorruption law involving transnational enforcement, Brazilian anticorruption enforcement has not yet celebrated its first decade. In the notorious Car Wash case, however, Brazil is wrestling with the largest anticorruption investigation ever. The Car Wash case has resulted in numerous claims brought by a host of domestic agencies and foreign governments, many of which lack experience in anticorruption law. This essay argues that the Car Wash case reveals the weaknesses of the transnational anticorruption legal apparatus in Brazil. At both the national and transnational levels, the lack of coordination and the existence of competition among different levels of authority have undermined the main pillar of the regime: the collaboration agreements and the corresponding protection granted to whistleblowers. The Car Wash case illustrates how the current transnational anticorruption legal regime fails to promote order over disorder.
Characterising heterogeneity in the use of different cannabis products: latent class analysis with 55 000 people who use cannabis and associations with severity of cannabis dependence
Authors: Craft Sam , Winstock Adam , Ferris Jason , Mackie Clare , Lynskey Michael T. , Freeman Tom P.
Published: October 2019

Background

As new cannabis products and administration methods proliferate, patterns of use are becoming increasingly heterogeneous. However, few studies have explored different profiles of cannabis use and their association with problematic use.

Methods

Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of past-year cannabis users endorsing distinct patterns of use from a large international sample (n = 55 240). Past-12-months use of six different cannabis types (sinsemilla, herbal, hashish, concentrates, kief, edibles) were used as latent class indicators. Participants also reported the frequency and amount of cannabis used, whether they had ever received a mental health disorder diagnosis and their cannabis dependence severity via the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS).

Results

LCA identified seven distinct classes of cannabis use, characterised by high probabilities of using: sinsemilla & herbal (30.3% of the sample); sinsemilla, herbal & hashish (20.4%); herbal (18.4%); hashish & herbal (18.8%); all types (5.7%); edibles & herbal (4.6%) and concentrates & sinsemilla (1.7%). Relative to the herbal class, classes characterised by sinsemilla and/or hashish use had increased dependence severity. By contrast, the classes characterised by concentrates use did not show strong associations with cannabis dependence but reported greater rates of ever receiving a mental health disorder diagnosis.

Conclusions

The identification of these distinct classes underscores heterogeneity among cannabis use behaviours and provides novel insight into their different associations with addiction and mental health.
PRICING HOLDER-EXTENDABLE CALL OPTIONS WITH MEAN-REVERTING STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY
Authors: IBRAHIM S. N. I. , DÍAZ-HERNÁNDEZ A. , O’HARA J. G. , CONSTANTINOU N.
Published: October 2019

Options with extendable features have many applications in finance and these provide the motivation for this study. The pricing of extendable options when the underlying asset follows a geometric Brownian motion with constant volatility has appeared in the literature. In this paper, we consider holder-extendable call options when the underlying asset follows a mean-reverting stochastic volatility. The option price is expressed in integral forms which have known closed-form characteristic functions. We price these options using a fast Fourier transform, a finite difference method and Monte Carlo simulation, and we determine the efficiency and accuracy of the Fourier method in pricing holder-extendable call options for Heston parameters calibrated from the subprime crisis. We show that the fast Fourier transform reduces the computational time required to produce a range of holder-extendable call option prices by at least an order of magnitude. Numerical results also demonstrate that when the Heston correlation is negative, the Black–Scholes model under-prices in-the-money and over-prices out-of-the-money holder-extendable call options compared with the Heston model, which is analogous to the behaviour for vanilla calls.
THE HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF BLACK CITIZENSHIP
Authors: Rigueur Leah Wright , Beshlian Anna
Published: October 2019

This paper offers a broad overview of Black citizenship within the United States, concentrating on the major shifts in Black life that have transpired since the classical phase of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. We examine several critical aspects of Black citizenship including economic status, education, criminal justice and mass incarceration, and political participation. Our report reveals that Black progress toward equal citizenship is inconsistent at best; at worst, it is stagnant and at times, regressive. As such, we conclude that dramatic solutions beyond traditional reformist approaches are needed in order to realize genuine citizenship and equal rights for Black people within the United States. In closing, we briefly highlight a specific example of a strategic approach to advancing substantive social and political change.
The Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry of Virginia Commonwealth University
Authors: Lilley Emily C. H. , Morris Anne-Taylor , Silberg Judy L.
Published: October 2019

The Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry (MATR) is a population-based registry of more than 60,000 twins primarily born or living in Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Researchers may utilize the MATR for administration of research services, including study recruitment, data or sample (e.g., DNA) collection, archival dataset creation, as well as data collection through mailed, phone or online surveys. In addition, the MATR houses the MATR Repository, with over 1700 DNA samples primarily from whole blood available for researchers interested in DNA genotyping. For over 40 years MATR twins have participated in research studies with investigators from a range of scientific disciplines and institutions. These studies, which have resulted in numerous publications, explored diverse topics, including substance use, smoking behaviors, developmental psychopathology, bullying, children’s health, cardiovascular disease, cancer, the human microbiome, epigenetics of aging, children of twins and sleep homeostasis. Researchers interested in utilizing twins are encouraged to contact the MATR to discuss potential research opportunities.
Constraints on Fe‐Oxide Formation in Monsoonal Vertisols of Pliocene Kenya Using Rock Magnetism and Spectroscopy
Authors: Lepre Christopher J.
Published: October 2019

Pliocene Vertisols from the Turkana Basin of northwest Kenya (~4°N latitude) have been examined using isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) experiments, susceptibility measurements, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The complete vertical profile of each paleosol is almost intact, measuring >2 m in thickness and being strongly magnetic (IRM at 1.0T ranges from 4 to 25 × 10−3 Am2/kg). Downprofile changes to the proxy indicators suggest uninterrupted pedodevelopment and a lack of stratigraphic inversions caused by argilli‐pedoturbation. Magnetic minerals consist of hematite to a lesser degree, and pedogenic ferrimagnets derived from moisture cycles that were controlled by monsoonal rainfall. Basal pedogenic zones of the paleosols are magnetically intense, and preserve the greatest slickenside development indicating pronounced seasonal wetting and drying. These observations indicate a deeper dry season water table as compared to poorly drained temperate/tropical Vertisols, which suffer reductive dissolution of Fe oxides in basal pedogenic horizons associated with weak magnetic intensities. Magnetic susceptibilities and the well‐represented presence of fine pedogenic ferrimagnets suggest that Pliocene rainfall was greater than the local modern rate of 200 mm/year and may have been within the range of 500–1,000 mm/year. The study highlights the need to expand the database on Vertisols Fe oxides and magnetism, especially considering the anomalously dry and bimodal rainfall seasonality of East Africa.
MicroRNA-802 induces hepatitis B virus replication and replication through regulating SMARCE1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Cao Jingmei , Zhang Shiyun , Sun Lei , Nan Yi , Yao Hong , Fan Jian , Zhu Li Ying , Yu Lei
Published: October 2019

Growing evidences have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate hepatitis B virus (HBV) expression and replication, playing crucial roles in the development of HBV infection. Until now, the functional role and mechanism of miR-802 in HBV replication and expression remain unknown. We indicated that miR-802 expression was upregulated in the HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared with the adjacent noncancerous samples. In addition, we showed that the SMARCE1 expression level was downregulated in the HBV-associated HCC tissues compared with the adjacent noncancerous samples. miR-802 expression was negatively related with MARCE1 expression in HBV-associated HCC tissues. Moreover, miR-802 expression was upregulated, and SMARCE1 expression was downregulated in the HBV-infected HepG2.2.15 cells. Ectopic expression of miR-802 significantly enhanced HBV DNA replication, while knockdown of miR-802 significantly decreased HBV DNA replication. We showed that overexpression of miR-802 promoted HbsAg and HbeAg expression, while inhibition of miR-802 decreased HbsAg and HbeAg expression. Furthermore, we indicated that ectopic expression of SMARCE1 suppressed HBV DNA replication and decreased the expression level of HbsAg and HbeAg. Finally, we showed that overexpression of miR-802 promoted HBV DNA replication through regulating SMARCE1 expression. These results suggested the important roles of miR-802 on HBV expression and replication, which may shed new light on the development of treatment for HBV.
Redirecting the immune response towards immunoprotective domains of a DNABII protein resolves experimental otitis media
Authors: Novotny L. A. , Goodman S. D. , Bakaletz L. O.
Published: October 2019

The chronicity and recurrence of many bacterial diseases is largely attributable to the presence of a biofilm, and eradication of these structures is confounded by an extracellular DNA-rich matrix. DNABII proteins, including integration host factor (IHF), are critical components of the matrix formed by all human pathogens tested to date. Whereas the natural adaptive immune response to IHF is against non-protective epitopes within the carboxyl-terminal region, antibodies against the DNA-binding “tips” induce biofilm collapse. We designed a “tip-chimer” immunogen to mimic the DNA-binding regions within the α-subunit and β-subunit of IHF from nontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(IHFNTHi). Re-direction of the natural adaptive immune response toward immunoprotective domains disrupted NTHi biofilms in vitro and in an experimental model of otitis media. Our data support the rational design of a powerful therapeutic approach, and also that of a DNABII-directed vaccine antigen that would avoid augmentation of any pre-existing natural, but nonprotective, immune response.
Rare human mitochondrial HV lineages spread from the Near East and Caucasus during post-LGM and Neolithic expansions
Authors: Shamoon-Pour Michel , Li Mian , Merriwether D. Andrew
Published: October 2019

Of particular significance to human population history in Eurasia are the migratory events that connected the Near East to Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Utilizing 315 HV*(xH,V) mitogenomes, including 27 contemporary lineages first reported here, we found the genetic signatures for distinctive movements out of the Near East and South Caucasus both westward into Europe and eastward into South Asia. The parallel phylogeographies of rare, yet widely distributed HV*(xH,V) subclades reveal a connection between the Italian Peninsula and South Caucasus, resulting from at least two (post-LGM, Neolithic) waves of migration. Many of these subclades originated in a population ancestral to contemporary Armenians and Assyrians. One such subclade, HV1b-152, supports a postexilic, northern Mesopotamian origin for the Ashkenazi HV1b2 lineages. In agreement with ancient DNA findings, our phylogenetic analysis of HV12 and HV14, the two exclusively Asian subclades of HV*(xH,V), point to the migration of lineages originating in Iran to South Asia before and during the Neolithic period. With HV12 being one of the oldest HV subclades, our results support an origin of HV haplogroup in the region defined by Western Iran, Mesopotamia, and the South Caucasus, where the highest prevalence of HV has been found.
Author Correction: Parasite transmission between trophic levels stabilizes predator–prey interaction
Authors: Rogawa Akiyoshi , Ogata Shigeki , Mougi Akihiko
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
High Throughput Experimentation Using DESI-MS to Guide Continuous-Flow Synthesis
Authors: Loren Bradley P. , Ewan H. Samuel , Avramova Larisa , Ferreira Christina R. , Sobreira Tiago J. P. , Yammine Kathryn , Liao Huiying , Cooks R. Graham , Thompson David H.
Published: October 2019

We demonstrate the use of accelerated reactions with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) as a tool for predicting the outcome of microfluidic reactions. DESI-MS was employed as a high throughput experimentation tool to provide qualitative predictions of reaction outcomes, so that vast regions of chemical reactivity space may be more rapidly explored and areas of optimal efficiency identified. This work is part of a larger effort to accelerate reaction optimization to enable the rapid development of continuous-flow syntheses of small molecules in high yield. In order to build confidence in this approach, however, it is necessary to establish a robust predictive connection between reactions performed under analogous DESI-MS, batch, and microfluidic reaction conditions. In the present work, we explore the potential of high throughput DESI-MS experiments to identify trends in reactivity based on chemical structure, solvent, temperature, and stoichiometry that are consistent across these platforms. N-alkylation reactions were used as the test case due to their ease of reactant and product detection by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and their great importance in API synthesis. While DESI-MS narrowed the scope of possibilities for reaction selection among some parameters such as solvent, others like stoichiometry and temperature still required further optimization under continuous synthesis conditions. DESI-MS high throughput experimentation (HTE) reaction evaluation significantly reduced the search space for flow chemistry optimization, thus representing a significant savings in time and materials to achieve a desired transformation with high efficiency.
The behavior of ozone on different iron oxides surface sites in water
Authors: Yan Liqiang , Bing Jishuai , Wu Hecheng
Published: October 2019

A transformation process of ozone on different iron oxides suspensions, including α-Fe2O3, α-FeOOH, Fe3O4, was carried out using FTIR of adsorbed pyridine, ATR-FTIR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra with isotope 18O3. It was verified that on the surface isolated hydroxyl groups and the surface hydroxyl groups without acid sites of these iron oxides, ozone was electrostatically adsorbed and did not interact with the surface of these oxides, stably existed as ozone molecule. In contrast, ozone could replace the surface hydroxyl groups on Lewis acid sites of oxides, and directly interacted with the surface metal ions, decomposing into reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiating the surface metal redox. The results indicate that Lewis acid sites were active center while the electronic cycle of the Fe2+/Fe3+ is advantageous to promote ozone decomposition into O2•− and •OH radicals. The mechanism of catalytic ozonation in different surface acid sites of iron oxides aqueous suspension was proposed on the basis of all experimental information.
Design, fabrication, and optical characterization of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on porous silicon assisted by in-situ photoacoustics
Authors: Ramirez-Gutierrez Cristian Felipe , Martinez-Hernandez Harol David , Lujan-Cabrera Ivan Alonso , Rodriguez-García Mario Enrique
Published: October 2019

We present a methodology to fabricate one-dimensional porous silicon (PSi) photonic crystals in the visible range by controlled etching and monitored by photoacoustics. Photoacoustic can record in-situ information about changes in the optical path and chemical reaction as well as in temperature, refractive index, and roughness during porous layers formation. Radiometry imaging can determine the carrier distribution of c-Si substrate that is a fundamental parameter to obtain high-quality PSi films. An electrochemical cell was calibrated through a series of single PSi layers that allows knowing the PA amplitude period, porosity, and roughness as a function of the current density. Optical properties of single layers were determined using the reflectance response in the UV-Vis range to solve the inverse problem through genetic algorithms. PhC structures were designed using the transfer matrix method and effective media approximation.Based on the growth kinetics of PSi single layers, those structures were fabricated by electrochemical etching monitored and controlled by in-situ photoacoustics.
Adsorption of Surface Active Ionic Liquids on Different Rock Types under High Salinity Conditions
Authors: Nandwani Shilpa Kulbhushan , Chakraborty Mousumi , Gupta Smita
Published: October 2019

A new class of surface active ionic liquids (SAIL) have been reported to be a greener alternative to the conventional surfactants in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). These SAILs work efficiently under harsh salinity conditions encountered in the reservoir thereby recovering more additional oil during the tertiary oil recovery process. Adsorption mechanism of SAILs on different rock surface is however, not yet reported in the literature. This article highlights adsorption mechanism of three cationic SAILs having different headgroups, viz., imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, on different rock surfaces (crushed natural carbonate rock and crushed sandstone rock). All the SAILs studied here however had the same tail length and same anion (Br−) attached to it. XRD and XPS characterization techniques reveal that the crushed natural carbonate rock contains a substantial amount of silica, thus rendering it a slight negative charge. Static adsorption tests show that the retention efficiency on the natural carbonate type of rock for all the SAILs was lower than the conventional cationic surfactant, CTAB. The adsorption data obtained thereby was examined using four different adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Sips). Results suggest that Sips adsorption isotherm model can satisfactorily estimate the adsorption of all the surface active agents on the natural carbonate rock. Factors like mineralogical composition of rock surface, presence of divalents, temperature, and structure of surfactants strongly affect the amount of surfactant adsorbed on reservoir rock. In order to evaluate the simultaneous effect all these factors as well as their interdependence on the retention capability of the three SAILs, a design of experiments approach has been employed further in this study. Statistical analysis of the data obtained after performing the full factorial experiments reveal that at high salinity, imidazoluim based SAIL show minimal adsorption on crushed natural carbonate rock at higher temperature. In general, at a given ionic strength, with increasing temperature as the amount of divalent in the aqueous solution increases, the amount of SAIL adsorbed on both the rock types decreases. Electrostatic attraction is the basic mechanism in governing adsorption of SAILs on the two types of rock surfaces. Results presented in this work can be used for EOR schemes.
Author Correction: Histology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization reveal overlooked Ebola virus target tissues in the Ebola virus disease guinea pig model
Authors: Cooper Timothy K. , Huzella Louis , Johnson Joshua C. , Rojas Oscar , Yellayi Sri , Sun Mei G. , Bavari Sina , Bonilla Amanda , Hart Randy , Jahrling Peter B. , Kuhn Jens H. , Zeng Xiankun
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Improving single-cell transcriptome sequencing efficiency with a microfluidic phase-switch device
Authors: Zhang Baoyue , Xu Hong , Huang Yuqing , Shu Weiliang , Feng Hongtao , Cai Jin , Zhong Jiang F. , Chen Yan
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we present a novel method to improve the efficiency of single-cell transcriptome sequencing for analyzing valuable cell samples.
Meta-biomaterials
Authors: Zadpoor Amir A.
Published: October 2019

Meta-biomaterials are designer biomaterials with unusual and even unprecedented properties that primarily originate from their geometrical designs at different (usually smaller) length scales.
Mirror image pairs of cyclic hexapeptides have different oral bioavailabilities and metabolic stabilities
Authors: Lohman Rink-Jan , Nielsen Daniel S. , Kok W. Mei , Hoang Huy N. , Hill Timothy A. , Fairlie David P.
Published: October 2019

Rule-of-five parameters and membrane permeabilities are not the only determinants of oral bioavailability.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed regioselective distal ortho C–H alkenylation of N-benzyl/furanylmethylpyrazoles directed by N-coordinating heterocycles
Authors: Kim Hyewon , Thombal Raju S. , Khanal Hari Datta , Lee Yong Rok
Published: October 2019

Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H functionalization of challenging N-benzylpyrazoles, N-benzylindazoles, N-benzylbenzotriazoles and N-furanylmethylpyrazoles with acrylates, vinylsulfone or vinylphosphonate for ortho-alkenylated heterocycles is described.
Unusual polymorphs of rac-3-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione with Z′ = 1, 2, and 3
Authors: Timofeeva Tatiana V. , Sena Victoria , Averkiev Boris B. , Bejagam Shabari N. , Usman Muhammad , Krivoshein Arcadius V.
Published: October 2019

We report two new polymorphs of rac-3-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione and discuss the structural aspects of variable-Z′ polymorphism in this compound.
Control of 4H polytype of SiC crystals by moving up the crucible to adjust the temperature field of the growth interface
Authors: Gao Pan , Xin Jun , Liu Xuechao , Zheng Yanqing , Shi Erwei
Published: October 2019

It is difficult to control the 4H polytype in the growth of SiC single crystals by the PVT method.
Quaternary ferrites by batch and continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis: a comparison
Authors: Bastianello Michele , Diodati Stefano , Dengo Nicola , McCafferty Liam , Footer Charles , Badocco Denis , Pastore Paolo , Darr Jawwad , Gross Silvia
Published: October 2019

Crystalline spinel quaternary ferrites MxZn1−xFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni) were synthesised through two synthetic routes: conventional batch and continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis.
Machine learning based temperature prediction of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-capped plasmonic nanoparticle solutions
Authors: Mallawaarachchi Sudaraka , Liu Yiyi , Thang San H. , Cheng Wenlong , Premaratne Malin
Published: October 2019

Machine learning techniques can predict the solution temperature of thermosensitive polymer-capped nanoparticle solutions to within 1 °C of accuracy.
Manganese PNP-pincer catalyzed isomerization of allylic/homo-allylic alcohols to ketones – activity, selectivity, efficiency
Authors: Xia Tian , Spiegelberg Brian , Wei Zhihong , Jiao Haijun , Tin Sergey , Hinze Sandra , de Vries Johannes G.
Published: October 2019

Manganese PNP pincer complexes are excellent catalysts for the isomerization of allylic alcohols to the ketones. The reaction proceeds via a dehydrogenation/hydrogenation mechanism as shown by DFT calculations and deuterium labelling.
The effect of coordination of alkanes, Xe and CO2 (η1-OCO) on changes in spin state and reactivity in organometallic chemistry: a combined experimental and theoretical study of the photochemistry of CpMn(CO)3
Authors: Wu Xue , Liu Zhen , Murphy Thomas S. , Sun Xue Z. , Hanson-Heine Magnus W. D. , Towrie Michael , Harvey Jeremy N. , George Michael W.
Published: October 2019

A study is presented of ligand addition reactions of the fragment 3CpMn(CO)2 formed upon photolysis of CpMn(CO)3.
Mechanochemistry for the production of a hybrid salt used in the treatment of malaria
Authors: do Prado Vânia M. , de Queiroz Thiago B. , Sá Paula M. , Seiceira Rafael C. , Boechat Nubia , Ferreira Fabio F.
Published: October 2019

Green-chemistry approach to obtain a hybrid salt – MEFAS – a promising candidate to treat malaria.
Probing the influence of lactose fines, a USP modified induction port and modified DDU apparatus on the aerodynamic behavior of a fluticasone propionate dry powder inhaler
Authors: Mehta Piyush , Bothiraja C. , Kadam Shivajirao , Pawar Atmaram
Published: October 2019

The objective of the present study is to understand the effects of lactose fines, a USP modified induction port (IP) and USP modified glass sampling apparatus (DDU apparatus) on the aerodynamic behavior of a fluticasone propionate (FP) dry powder inhaler (DPI).
A 3D heterometallic Ni(ii)/K(i) MOF with a rare rna topology: synthesis, structural features, and photocatalytic dye degradation modeling
Authors: Abedi Marjan , Mahmoudi Ghodrat , Hayati Payam , Machura Barbara , Zubkov Fedor I. , Mohammadi Khosro , Bahrami Shima , Derikvandi Hadis , Mehrabadi Zohreh , Kirillov Alexander M.
Published: October 2019

A new picolinate-driven Ni/K MOF was prepared by different methods, fully characterized, and explored in the photocatalytic degradation of bromocresol green.
One-step scalable synthesis of honeycomb-like g-C3N4 with broad sub-bandgap absorption for superior visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Shanshan , Hu Chun , Peng Yannan , Chen Zhihong
Published: October 2019

Integration of a nanostructure design with a sub-bandgap enhances the photocatalytic H2 production activity of g-C3N4via facilitating separation of photogenerated charges while simultaneously increasing the active sites and light harvesting ability.
First-principles investigation of the microscopic mechanism of the physical and chemical mixed adsorption of graphene on metal surfaces
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Shaoqing
Published: October 2019

Unlike (111) and (110) surfaces, we find graphene is both physically and chemically adsorbed on the (100) surface of metals.
New insights on the supramolecular structure of highly porous core–shell drug nanocarriers using solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Porcino Marianna , Christodoulou Ioanna , Vuong Mai Dang Le , Gref Ruxandra , Martineau-Corcos Charlotte
Published: October 2019

Nano-sized metal–organic frameworks (nanoMOFs), with engineered surfaces to enhance the targeting of the drug delivery, have proven efficient as drug nanocarriers.
A perspective on practical solar to carbon monoxide production devices with economic evaluation
Authors: Chae Sang Youn , Lee Si Young , Han Sung Gyu , Kim Honggon , Ko Jongwon , Park Sejin , Joo Oh-Shim , Kim Donghwan , Kang Yoonmook , Lee Ung , Hwang Yun Jeong , Min Byoung Koun
Published: October 2019

Solar-chemical production is one of the most promising options for producing valuable chemicals from greenhouse gases.
Three-dimensional seamless graphene/carbon nanotube hybrids for multifunctional energy storage
Authors: Chen Zilin , Lv Tian , Yao Yao , Li Huili , Li Ning , Yang Yunlong , Liu Kai , Qian Guiju , Wang Xue , Chen Tao
Published: October 2019

A simple solution method is adopted to coat catalyst precursor on graphene (G) layer for growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Based on the obtained seamless G/CNT hybrids, photo-enhanced, flexible and stretchable energy storage devices are developed.
Desialylation by Edwardsiella tarda is the initial step in the regulation of its invasiveness
Authors: Vo Linh Khanh , Tsuzuki Toshiharu , Kamada-Futagami Yuko , Chigwechokha Petros Kingstone , Honda Akinobu , Oishi Kazuki , Komatsu Masaharu , Shiozaki Kazuhiro
Published: October 2019

Edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium causing significant economic losses to aquaculture. E. tarda possesses NanA sialidase which removes sialic acids from α2–3 sialo-glycoprotein of host cells. However, the relationship between NanA sialidase activity and E. tarda invasiveness remains poorly understood. Furthermore, the pathway of sialic acid metabolism in E. tarda remains to be elucidated. We studied sialidase activity in several E. tarda strains and found that the pathogenic strains exhibited higher sialidase activity and greater up-regulation of the NanA mRNA level than non-pathogenic strain. Pathogenic strains also showed higher rates of infection in GAKS cells, and the infection was drastically suppressed by sialidase inhibitor. Additionally, NanA gene overexpression significantly increased infection and treatment of E. tarda with free sialic acid enhanced the rate of infection in GAKS cells. Sialic acid treatment enhanced mRNA levels of two N-acetylneuraminate lyases and one N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase. E. tarda uses sialic acid as a carbon source for growth via N-acetylneuraminate lyases. The strains with high N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase level showed greater sialylation of the lipopolysaccharides and glycoproteins. Our study establishes the significance of desialylation by E. tarda sialidase in the regulation of its invasiveness.
Lessons from LIMK1 enzymology and their impact on inhibitor design
Authors: Salah Eidarus , Chatterjee Deep , Beltrami Alessandra , Tumber Anthony , Preuss Franziska , Canning Peter , Chaikuad Apirat , Knaus Petra , Knapp Stefan , Bullock Alex N. , Mathea Sebastian
Published: October 2019

LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) is a key regulator of actin dynamics. It is thereby a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of fragile X syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Herein, we use X-ray crystallography and activity assays to describe how LIMK1 accomplishes substrate specificity, to suggest a unique ‘rock-and-poke’ mechanism of catalysis and to explore the regulation of the kinase by activation loop phosphorylation. Based on these findings, a differential scanning fluorimetry assay and a RapidFire mass spectrometry activity assay were established, leading to the discovery and confirmation of a set of small-molecule LIMK1 inhibitors. Interestingly, several of the inhibitors were inactive towards the closely related isoform LIMK2. Finally, crystal structures of the LIMK1 kinase domain in complex with inhibitors (PF-477736 and staurosporine, respectively) are presented, providing insights into LIMK1 plasticity upon inhibitor binding.
Demonstration of a relationship between state transitions and photosynthetic efficiency in a higher plant
Authors: Taylor Craig R. , van Ieperen Wim , Harbinson Jeremy
Published: October 2019

A consequence of the series configuration of PSI and PSII is that imbalanced excitation of the photosystems leads to a reduction in linear electron transport and a drop in photosynthetic efficiency. Achieving balanced excitation is complicated by the distinct nature of the photosystems, which differ in composition, absorption spectra, and intrinsic efficiency, and by a spectrally variable natural environment. The existence of long- and short-term mechanisms that tune the photosynthetic apparatus and redistribute excitation energy between the photosystems highlights the importance of maintaining balanced excitation. In the short term, state transitions help restore balance through adjustments which, though not fully characterised, are observable using fluorescence techniques. Upon initiation of a state transition in algae and cyanobacteria, increases in photosynthetic efficiency are observable. However, while higher plants show fluorescence signatures associated with state transitions, no correlation between a state transition and photosynthetic efficiency has been demonstrated. In the present study, state 1 and state 2 were alternately induced in tomato leaves by illuminating leaves produced under artificial sun and shade spectra with a sequence of irradiances extreme in terms of PSI or PSII overexcitation. Light-use efficiency increased in both leaf types during transition from one state to the other with remarkably similar kinetics to that of F′m/Fm, F′o/Fo, and, during the PSII-overexciting irradiance, ΦPSII and qP. We have provided compelling evidence for the first time of a correlation between photosynthetic efficiency and state transitions in a higher plant. The importance of this relationship in natural ecophysiological contexts remains to be elucidated.
Phosphoproteomics reveals that the hVPS34 regulated SGK3 kinase specifically phosphorylates endosomal proteins including Syntaxin-7, Syntaxin-12, RFIP4 and WDR44
Authors: Malik Nazma , Nirujogi Raja S. , Peltier Julien , Macartney Thomas , Wightman Melanie , Prescott Alan R. , Gourlay Robert , Trost Matthias , Alessi Dario R. , Karapetsas Athanasios
Published: October 2019

The serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) isoforms contribute resistance to cancer therapies targeting the PI3K pathway. SGKs are homologous to Akt and these kinases display overlapping specificity and phosphorylate several substrates at the same residues, such as TSC2 to promote tumor growth by switching on the mTORC1 pathway. The SGK3 isoform is up-regulated in breast cancer cells treated with PI3K or Akt inhibitors and recruited and activated at endosomes, through its phox homology domain binding to PtdIns(3)P. We undertook genetic and pharmacological phosphoproteomic screens to uncover novel SGK3 substrates. We identified 40 potential novel SGK3 substrates, including four endosomal proteins STX7 (Ser126) and STX12 (Ser139), RFIP4 (Ser527) and WDR44 (Ser346) that were efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by SGK3 at the sites identified in vivo, but poorly by Akt. We demonstrate that these substrates are inefficiently phosphorylated by Akt as they possess an n + 1 residue from the phosphorylation site that is unfavorable for Akt phosphorylation. Phos-tag analysis revealed that stimulation of HEK293 cells with IGF1 to activate SGK3, promoted phosphorylation of a significant fraction of endogenous STX7 and STX12, in a manner that was blocked by knock-out of SGK3 or treatment with a pan SGK inhibitor (14H). SGK3 phosphorylation of STX12 enhanced interaction with the VAMP4/VTI1A/STX6 containing the SNARE complex and promoted plasma membrane localization. Our data reveal novel substrates for SGK3 and suggest a mechanism by which STX7 and STX12 SNARE complexes are regulated by SGK3. They reveal new biomarkers for monitoring SGK3 pathway activity.
BAP1 promotes stalled fork restart and cell survival via INO80 in response to replication stress
Authors: Lee Han-Sae , Seo Hye-Ran , Lee Shin-Ai , Choi Soohee , Kang Dongmin , Kwon Jongbum
Published: October 2019

The recovery from replication stress by restarting stalled forks to continue DNA synthesis is crucial for maintaining genome stability and thereby preventing diseases such as cancer. We previously showed that BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1), a nuclear deubiquitinase with tumor suppressor activity, promotes replication fork progression by stabilizing the INO80 chromatin remodeler via deubiquitination and recruiting it to replication forks during normal DNA synthesis. However, whether BAP1 functions in DNA replication under stress conditions is unknown. Here, we show that BAP1 depletion reduces S-phase progression and DNA synthesis after treatment with hydroxyurea (HU). BAP1-depleted cells exhibit a defect in the restart of HU-induced stalled replication forks, which is recovered by the ectopic expression of INO80. Both BAP1 and INO80 bind chromatin at replication forks upon HU treatment. BAP1 depletion abrogates the binding of INO80 to replication forks and increases the formation of RAD51 foci following HU treatment. BAP1-depleted cells show hypersensitivity to HU treatment, which is rescued by INO80 expression. These results suggest that BAP1 promotes the restart of stress-induced stalled replication forks by recruiting INO80 to the stalled forks. This function of BAP1 in replication stress recovery may contribute to its ability to suppress genome instability and cancer development.