bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a direct flow pyrolysis plant for pyrogenetic decomposition of wood
Authors: Taimarov M. A. , Chiklyaev E. G.
Published: March 2021

THE PURPOSE. Consider a renewable energy source. Compare the proposed design with other pyrolysis technologies and make sure that the proposed design will reduce fuel consumption. METHODS. This article proposes the design and technological principle of the process of pyrogenetic wood processing with the production of various compositions of pyrolysis gas and charcoal. RESULTS. The article describes the proposed design, calculates the heat balance for it, and determines the operational parameters of the technological process. CONCLUSION. The main positive difference between the proposed plant design and technology from other pyrolysis technologies is a high level of fuel economy due to heat utilization at intermediate stages of the process. The heat of the cooled charcoa l and the waste products of complete fuel combustion are utilized. The developed design allows reducing fuel consumption, as well as the range of gaseous components obtained as a result of pyrogenetic decomposition of raw wood in a direct -flow pyrolysis plant can be increased.
Prospects for the development of hydrogen power engineering in Tatarstan
Authors: Filimonova A. A. , Chichirov A. A. , Chichirova N. D. , Filimonov A. G. , Pechenkin A. V.
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE. Consider the problems and ways of developing hydrogen energy in Russia and in the Republic of Tatarstan. Analyze the main opportunities for the production, transportation, use of hydrogen at the enterprises of Tatarstan. Calculate the economic efficiency of the production of "green" hydrogen by electrolysis at TPP with CCGT in Tatarstan. METHODS. Based on the analysis of literature data and mathematical calculations. RESULTS. Green hydrogen is a promising solution for a decarbonized energy system, and 2020 saw an explosive focus on its use around the world. Tatarstan, as one of the leading economically developed regions of Russia, could take part in the production of "green" hydrogen, the design of electrochemical equipment for its production, the development of technologies for the use of fuel cells, scientific research and training of highly qualified specialists in the field of hydrogen energy. According to the calculations, the production of the most environmentally friendly hydrogen at TPPs with CCGT in Tatarstan will currently cost an average of 2 euros per kilogram, which is significantly lower than the existing market value. CONCLUSION. Tatarstan can become a competitive region for the production and distribution of "green" hydrogen. The main areas of activity should be the production of pure hydrogen, the industrial production of freight transport on fuel cells, the production of megawatt-class electrolysers, the utilization of hydrogen-containing petroleum gases at TPPs in gas turbines or combined cycles with fuel cells.
Orthodox Christianity and War
Authors: Babić Jovan
Published: March 2021

The subject of this article is the Orthodox Christianity’s approach to war. Christians of other denomination have developed an elaborate theory of war, so-called “Just War Theory” (JWT), which has also been accepted by non-Christians and even secular thinkers regarding the nature and justification of war. A vast literature has been produced in a dire attempt to render perfect the world by insisting on the claim that war is the act of punishment for breaking the law. The result is an epistemological ease from which everything seems evident in advance including who is right and who at fault, who is and who is not favored by God. By removing from war an essential feature – that it is a form of conflict – JWT takes away the concept of reciprocity and introduces an in advance declared inequality which enables removal of uncertainty about the war’s outcome. In Orthodox Christianity, the situation is different. With still live debate whether to persevere or abandon original Christian pacifism, for Orthodox Christianity, war is always a combination of cataclysm and temptation and far less Manichean than anything present in JWT. The aim of war is peace; but, however necessary, justice is an insufficient condition for justification. The difference between “justness” and “justification” is preserved through the uncertainty whom God, at war’s end, loves more, because both victors and vanquished remain and continue to be in His grace. Losing a war, as such, does not turn the vanquished into criminals, nor does victory give the vanquisher the right of revenge for defending oneself. The latter approach to war has significant potentialities: preserving the distinction of ius ad bellum and ius in bello, preserving reciprocity, mutual respect and trust, impossibility of incrimination of war per se, the possibility of honorable defeat, etc.
Moral Justification of Humanitarian Intervention in Modern Just War Theory
Authors: Kumankov Arseniy D.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the problem of moral justification of humanitarian intervention by modern just war theorists. At the beginning of the article, we discuss the evolution of the dominant paradigms of the moral justification of war and explain why the theory and practice of humanitarian intervention appears only at the present stage of the development of ethics and the law of war. It is noted that theorization of humanitarian intervention began in the last decades of the 20thcentury. This is due to a significant transformation, a retreat in the legal and ethical studies of war from the position of radical condemnation of aggressive actions and the recognition of the political subjectivity of non-state groups. Thus, there is a rethinking of the long tradition, the Westphalian system of international relations, according to which the state was recognized as the main participant of big politics, and its sovereign right to conduct domestic policy was considered indisputable. Further, we take the works of Michael Walzer as the main source of modern conceptualization of the ethics of humanitarian interventionism, since Walzer repeatedly addressed this topic and formulated a position on this issue that is representative of the entire modern Just War Theory. The arguments of Walzer and his supporters in favor of the moral justification of humanitarian intervention are considered. Among them are the following. First, the argument about the state as an organization which goal is to protect the rights of its own citizens. If this goal is not not achieved, the state shall loose its power over these people and in this territory. Second, Walzer calls for identifying governments and armed forces involved in mass murders as criminal and, therefore, deserving of punishment. Finally, there is, perhaps the most important, demonstrative argument: an appeal to the self-evident impossibility to stand aside in cases of mass violence in any state. This is followed by a critique of these arguments, as well as a demonstration of how the modern Just War Theory can respond to these criticisms.
Just War Doctrine – Relic or Relevant?
Authors: Thomas John
Published: March 2021

In the article, I examine the relevance of Just War Doctrine to contemporary conflicts. Just War Doctrine, which grew out of Western Christian thinking, presupposes that evil might be confronted with force, if there is no alternative way to restore a just order. But modern trends call into question the certainty and universality of this doctrine. On the one hand, ideas of moral relativism and comparative justice have become more widespread, potentially undermining the use of the notions “just” and “justified” in relation to military conflicts. On the other hand, the nature of war is changing, as warfare is no longer only kinetic in character. I offer examples of how the evolving character of warfare challenges the traditional understanding of Just War Doctrine. For example, there is the growing threat of cyber warfare, but the ethical criteria for its use are not defined. In relation to Just War Doctrine, questions of whether and when pre-emptive cyber attack is permissible arise, what should constitute legitimate targets of cyber warfare and to what degree collateral damage could be acceptable. Another challenge to the traditional understanding of Just of War Doctrine was the putative doctrine of humanitarian intervention.Prima facie,humanitarian interventions do not comply withius ad bellumcriteria of Just War Doctrine, because of the absence of a direct military threat to the intervening state. The justification of humanitarian intervention is based on the assertion of an intolerable violation of accepted values. The weakness of such approach, as discussed in the article, is that it implicitly assumes that one protagonist’s values are superior to others. A further example of emerging challenges to Just War Doctrine is the phenomenon of hybrid war, a term used to describe a type of conflict that is multi-faceted and in which kinetic warfare is not dominant. The orchestration of several strands of conflict, each designed to be below the threshold to provoke a military response, exploits the absence of legal and ethical norms regulating such activity. I conclude the article by suggesting that, firstly, for Just War Doctrine to remain relevant, it should be expanded to include harms caused by non-kinetic actions, and, secondly, the distinctions between the states of war and peace should be redefined to reflect the changing character of war more accurately.
Comprehending Discourse: Challenges of Time, Search, Construction (Book review: G.L. Tulchinskii & M.N. Epstein. (Eds.) Philosophical Projective Dictionary. New Terms and Concepts (Issue 2). Saint Petersburg: Aletheia, 2020)
Authors: Rozin Vadim M.
Published: March 2021

The review discusses the recently published second issue of the Philosophical Projective Dictionary (edited by Mikhail Epstein and Grigorii Tulchinskii). Having encountered difficulties in understanding the articles of the dictionary, I turn to the explanations of the motives of the dictionary’s authors and editors  Epstein notes that the entries in the dictionary are not intended to generalize the already existing use of terms and concepts, but to kind of projecting and anticipating the meanings of concepts and texts that may be created in the future. Tulchinskii writes more modest, asserting the performative nature of the concepts and ideas presented in the dictionary. I discuss these explanations of the compilers of the dictionary, problematizing and testing the strength of their arguments. In particular, I doubt that Epstein is right when speaking of the projection of terms and texts. From my point of view, Epstein uses the concept of projection in a very broad sense, which does not allow to accept his statement. In turn, citing a case from personal practice, I expresses my own version of introducing terms and constructing new concepts. Agreeing with Tulchinskii’s opinion that the articles in the dictionary and the dictionary itself are a unique vision of their authors, I raise the question of the existence of projective dictionary as a specific genre. I note that the dictionary’s entries that are devoted to already known concepts, offer an up-to-date modern interpretation of these concepts. To demonstrate that, I consider the concept of man in an article by Yulia Shichanina. At the end of the review, the importance of the work done by the authors of the dictionary is emphasized and an example of the use of two terms from the dictionary in my practice is given.
Problems and Prospects of Applied Ethics (Summary of the Session of Presidium of the Russian Federal Educational and Methodological Association of the Cluster “Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies”)
Authors: Myagkova Olga S. , Rozova Ekaterina O.
Published: March 2021

The summary focuses on topical educational and methodological issues discussed at the meeting of the presidium of the Federal Educational and Methodological Association (cluster “Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies”) held in November 2019 in Saint Petersburg. The authors reviews the process of realization of new federal educational standards. Special attention is paid to applied ethics education, the specifics and current problems of teaching it in Russia. The authors also discuss the current state of philosophical education in Belarus, its current problems and possible ways for further development. In addition, the summary outlines various issues related to the work of higher education institutions in Russia.
Musical Modus: Perspectives for Ontological Interpretation
Authors: Medova Anastasia A.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses a methodological position that allows interpreting modes and, fist of all, musical modes as cosmographic and ethical objects without losing the approach to them as musical phenomena proper. The study is based on musical theoretical data relating to the period of Classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, as well as on the author's concept of modal ontology and the interpretation of modus as artistic content, developed by E.V. Nazaikinsky. In order to reveal the ontological prerequisites for the unity of the musical modus with a cosmographic or ethical phenomenon, the author analyzes the ancient Chinese system of tones lü, Indian ragas, ancient tetrachords, the voices of the Russian Orthodox znamenny chant. The features of the correspondence of these musical phenomena to the periods of the year or day, elements, archetypal states of the human spirit, social laws are revealed. In the course of the analysis, the question is formulated about the nature of the connection between musical modes and non-musical reality: was it exclusively conventional, established by virtue of tradition, or did it have other, essential reasons? The search for unconventional foundations of the unity of musical modes with natural and socio-ethical phenomena leads to its ontological interpretation. The relevance of this research method is argued in the process of critical analysis of the semiotic approach to musical modes as references or conventional signs of objects. It also demonstrates the unproductiveness of the psychoemotional interpretation of musical modes as stimuli that cause certain emotional states. The result of the research is the development of a specific musical-ontological approach based on the methodology of modal analysis. This analysis aims at a syncretic understanding of unity. In the light of this approach, it was concluded that the concept of musical modus not only clarifies the rhythmic and harmonic laws of the musical language, but also embodies the interconnection of the phenomena of music, human spirit, nature, and space.
Billiards Gambling in Tengin Baru Village, Kecamatan Sepaku, Penajam Paser Utara District
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Ricky , Situmorang Lisbet
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT:

This article interprets the game of Billiards Gambling in Tengin Baru Village, Sepaku District, Penajam Paser Utara Regency which is done openly. The social context of the billiard gambling text can be said to be like being in a social space that is starting to open up by the influence of global economic culture, bound by the Anti-Gambling Law, average primary school education levels, the majority of followers of Islam and local tribal values ​​that also prohibit gambling. The Billiards Gambling Game is a combination of three elements, namely: (billiard sports, playing card gambling, buying and selling games). The sport of billiards gambling is used as a mode of outer settlement, art games are used as the core of the game, and both are packaged as entertainment businesses that are subject to buying and selling games. In the players' understanding, Billiards Gambling is transformed into various meanings according to subjectivity such as: hobbies, games, challenging games, professions, entertainment, fun, official games. In the text, the readers of the Biliary Gambling game get an articulation of new meanings that are not always in line with what the original author meant.

ABSTRAK:

Artikel ini menafsir permainan Judi Biliar di Desa Tengin Baru Kecamatan Sepaku Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara yang di lakukan secara terang-terangan. Konteks sosial dari teks judi biliar ini bisa dikatakan seperti berada di ruang sosial yang mulai terbuka oleh pengaruh budaya ekonomi global, terikat oleh UU Anti Perjudian, tingkat pendidikan rata- rata sekolah dasar, mayoritas penganut islam dan nilai-nilai lokal suku yang juga melarang perjudian. Permainan Judi Biliar adalah perpaduan tiga elemen yaitu: (olahraga biliar, judi kartu remi, permainan jual beli). Olahraga judi biliar digunakan sebagai modus penapakan luar, permainan kartu remi digunakan sebagai inti permainan, dan keduanya dikemas sebagai bisnis hiburan yang tunduk pada permainan jual beli. Dalam pemahaman para pemain, Judi Biliar ini menjelma menjadi beragam makna menurut subyektifitas seperti: hobbi, game, permainan penuh tantangan, profesi, hiburan, iseng-isengan, permainan yang resmi. Di teks para pembaca permainan Judi Biliar mendapatkan artikulasi pemaknaan baru yang tidak selalu sejalan dengan apa maksud awal pengarangnya.
The Process of Institutionalizing Regional Regulation Number 07 the Year 2017 of Samarinda City Fostering Street Children and Homeless Beggars
Authors: Fitriyah Lailatul , Sukapti Sukapti , Sarifudin Sarifudin
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT:

This research is to describe the efforts of the Social Service and Satpol PP of Samarinda City in institutionalizing Perda Number 07 of 2017, describing the constraints in enforcing Regional Regulation Number 07 of 2017, describing the institutionalization process, namely the stages of being known, known, obeyed and respected and to describe at what stage society is Jalan Pramuka in the institutionalization of Perda Number 07 of 2017. The results obtained from this study indicate that the efforts made by the Social Service are direct socialization, namely socialization in schools, sub-districts and official meetings, then indirect socialization through appraisal signs, brochures and pamphlets. The process of institutionalizing Perda Number 07 of 2017 has not been internalized by the Jalan Pramuka community, the community only goes through the first stage, namely the known stage. Some people do not know the Perda because there is no direct socialization in Sempaja Selatan Village. Obstacles in enforcement by the Social Service administrators are limited funds for comprehensive outreach, Satpol PP which is not sufficient to cover the whole of Samarinda City, and reluctance to take action against people who still give, because it is considered that giving is a human right.

ABSTRAK:

Penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan upaya dari Dinas Sosial dan Satpol PP Kota Samarinda dalam pelembagaan Perda Nomor 07 Tahun 2017, mendeskripsikan kendala dalam penegakan Perda Nomor 07 Tahun 2017, mendeskripsikan proses pelembagaan yaitu tahap dikenal, diketahui, ditaati dan dihargai dan untuk mendeskripsikan pada tahap mana masyarakat Jalan Pramuka dalam pelembagaan Perda Nomor 07 Tahun 2017.  Hasil yang di peroleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Upaya yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Sosial adalah dengan sosialisasi secara langsung yaitu sosialisasi di sekolah, kelurahan dan rapat dinas, kemudian sosialisasi secara tidak langsung melalui plang himbauan, brosur dan pamplet. Proses pelembagaan Perda Nomor 07 Tahun 2017 belum terinternalisasi oleh masyarakat Jalan Pramuka, masyarakat hanya melalui satu tahap pertama yaitu tahap dikenal. Sebagian masyarakat tidak mengetahui Perda tersebut karena tidak adanya sosialisasi secara langsung di Kelurahan Sempaja Selatan. Kendala dalam penegakan oleh pihak penyelenggara  Dinas Sosial  terbatasnya dana untuk sosialisasi secara menyeluruh, Satpol PP  yang tidak cukup dalam mengcover seluruh Kota Samarinda, serta rasa segan dalam menindak masyarakat yang masih memberi, karena dinilai memberi adalah hak asasi manusia.
Evaluation of Forest and Climate Change Empowerment Programs of Long Laai Village, Kecamatan Segah Berau District
Authors: Anye Herman , Suryaningsih Novita
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT:

The community participation program in conserving village forests is carried out by the Forest and Climate Change Program of Long Laai Village. Indonesia's forest is one of the third largest tropical forests in the world and is ranked second in terms of diversity. From an ecological, economic and social perspective, it turns out that the level of forest destruction in Indonesia is still relatively high from year to year due to uncontrolled exploitation activities carried out massively without paying attention to sustainability and sustainability. Kalimantan is one of the lungs of the world whose forest area is 40.8 million hectares. According to data released by the forestry department, the deforestation rate in Kalimantan from 2000 to 2005 reached around 1.23 million hectares. Berau District has an area of 2,194,299,525 hectares consisting of protection forest, limited production forest, permanent production forest, conservation forest and other areas of use. The successes and failures achieved by the community and the Forest and Climate Change program and the supporting and hindering factors for the program's running are a village approach strategy to raise community awareness in maintaining and utilizing forest products.

ABSTRAK:

Program partisipasi masyarakat dalam melestarikan hutan desa dilaksanakan oleh Forest and Climate Change Programme Desa Long Laai. Hutan Indonesia merupakan salah satu hutan tropis terluas ketiga di dunia dan ditempatkan pada urutan kedua dalam hal tingkat keanekaragaman. Dari sisi ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial ternyata tingkat kerusakkan hutan di Indonesia masih relatif tinggi dari tahun ketahun diakibatkan kegiatan eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali dan dilakukan secara masif tanpa memperhatikan kelestarian serta keberlanjutan.  Kalimantan adalah salah satu paru-paru dunia luas hutannya yaitu, 40,8 juta hektar. Menurut data yang dikeluarkan departemen kehutanan angka deforestasi Kalimantan pada tahun 2000 sampai 2005 mencapai sekitar 1,23 juta hektar. Kabupaten Berau memiliki luas wilayah 2.194.299,525 Ha yang terdiri dari Hutan Lindung, Hutan Produksi Terbatas, Hutan Produksi Tetap, Hutan Konservasi, dan Areal penggunaan Lain. Keberhasilan dan kegagalan yang dicapai masyarakat dan Forest and Climate Change programme dan faktor pedukung dan penghambat jalannya program ada strategi pendekatan desa untuk membangkitkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam menjaga dan memanfaatkan hasil hutan.
Penelitian Pelestarian Dan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Arkeologi
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Dalam pembangunan yang sedang gencar-gencarnya dilaksanakan di Indonesia dewasa ini sering terjadi konflik-konflik kepentingan antar sektoral. Sektor yang kurang menghasilkan barang maupun jasa, sering terkalahkan dalam konflik tersebut. Dalam kasus semacam ini banyak masalah kelestarian sumberdaya arkeologi terancam. Sebenamya masalah konflik yang dapat mengancam kelestarian sumberdaya arkeologi tersebut tidak akan terjadi apabila koordinasi, integrasi, dan sinkronisasi antar sektoral dilakukan secara optimal dalam penyusunan program. Selain itu dirasakan pula masih kurangnya terbadap pemahaman aspek- aspek hukum yang mengatur masalah kepentingan antar sektoral.
Benda Cagar Budaya Dan Situs: Sebuah Tinjauan Yuridis
Authors: Hartanto S. Dendi Eka
Published: March 2021

Sebuah fakta yuridis yang cukup mengkhawatirkan terjadi setelah Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 1992 tentang Benda Cagar Budaya diundangkan pada tanggal 21 Maret 1992. Fakta yuridis yang dimaksud adalah adanya kenyataan bahwa selama ini telah terjadi kekeliruan konsepsi terutama di tingkat elite pengambilan keputusan dalam inemabami hakekat benda cagar budaya dan situs. Contoh kongkritnya terdapat Lampiran Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 0248/Fl.IV/J.93 tentang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Benda Cagar Budaya. Dimana dalam salah satu blanko-nya berjudul Berita Acara Pemeriksaan Benda Tidak Bergerak, namun isi yang tercantum di dalamnya adalah mengenai situs, dengan redaksi yang berbunyi Nomor Urut Situs dan Nama Situs. Padahal kita tahu bahwa secara teoritis maupun yuridis hakekat benda cagar budaya tidak bergerak jelas tidak sama dengan hakekat situs.
Dua Batu Berhias Dari Ruas Sungai Opak: Data Tambahan Pembangunan Percandian Prambanan
Authors: Setianingsih Rita Margaretha
Published: March 2021

Dua batu berhias dari Sungai Opak menarik untuk dicermati. Hingga saat ini terlihat bahwa masing-masing mempunyai fungsi dan makna yang berbeda. Batu berhias BG. 748 yang memuat atribut-atribut dewa, yakni vajra, trisula dan padma yang kesemuanya dapat dihubungkan dengan Siwa. Demikian pula dengan aksara Jawa Kunanya yang menyebutkan na - ma - kha. Kata nama berhubungan dengan para yogi untuk mencapai tingkat kesucian batin dengan mclakukan perbuatan baik dan perenungan mengenai Tuhan. Para yogi melakukannya dengan menggunakan sarana yang disebut sebagai yantra. Demikian pula dcngan tulisan kha yang merupakan simbol dari sankhya yang berkenaan dengan kedudukan bulan dan bintang yang berjumlah 27 buah, sesuai pula dengan jumlah tembereng BG. 748. Lingkaran di bagian tengah dapat melambangkan candra, sehingga memungkinkan apabila BG. 748 merupakan candramandala yang merupakan salah satu yantra sekaligus gambaran sifat khas dewa Siwa.
Sulawesi Sebagai Daerah Tujuan Migrasi Bangsa Austronesia (Tinjauan Berdasarkan Data Arkeologis)
Authors: Nurani Indah Asikin
Published: March 2021

Berikut akan ditinjau beberapa data / potensi budaya yang ditemukan di Sulawesi sehubungan dengan pencarian daerah pangkal dari kebudayaan yang dibawa oleh Bangsa Austronesia. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan akan mengungkap keletakan pangkal kebudayaan tersebut. Selain itu hal yang menjadi permasalahan sehubungan dengan tulisan ini adalah seberapa pentingkah wilayah Sulawesi dalam migrasi Bangsa Austronesia ? dan berdasarkan pada teori migrasi, akan dipertanyakan apakah daerah Sulawesi merupakan daerah asal ataukah daerah tujuan para migran? Kedua pertanyaan tersebut akan dicoba dijawab dengan didasarkan pada data arkeologis.
COVID-19 und die Digitalisierung der Schule
Authors: Giesinger Johannes
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 and the Digitization of the School

It has long been discussed how schools should react to the ongoing process of digitization. While some have been enthusiastic about the opportunities provided by digital media, in education, others have remained skeptical. This essay explores how the experiences with remote teaching during the COVID-19-pandemic might impact the debate on the digitization of schools.
UTS PI aldhi nurman
Authors: Bahalwan Aldhi Nurman
Published: March 2021

Perihal tugas perekonomian indonesia
国立国会図書館ホ / Kinh tế Việt Nam
Authors: Si H.L. Cu
Published: March 2021

国立国会図書館ホ / Holding: Kinh tế Việt Nam URL: https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-Ia1000098434-00
Differential expression of cyclin E2 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding cyclin E2, CCNE2, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. CCNE2 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. CCNE2 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CCNE2 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients with luminal A subtype cancer. CCNE2 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Gánh
Authors: Khuc Quy Van
Published: March 2021

Gánh, nước, chiều, gánh, nước
Companies in Indonesia in the vortex of global economic disruption
Authors: fadhilah nisrina hasna
Published: March 2021

The implementation of GCG in companies proves to be able to increase company value, market value, culture value, the openness of information, effec-tiveness of the audit system, and risk control. Profit maximization can be obtained if the governance runs well and is always in line with the compliance and suitability of ethics and norms. The economic disruption left corporate leaders with very difficult challenges. Leaders must strive to be more adaptive in facing a future full of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA), including being able to present a positive aura for all employees.
Menyusui dari perspektif sosial budaya
Authors: Rabiah Sitti
Published: March 2021

Makanan tidak hanya penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia akan makan, namun makanan juga terkait erat dengan kebudayaan, termasuk tekhnologi, organisasi sosial dan juga kepercayaan masyarakat. Makanan tidak akan memiliki makna apa-apa kecuali makanan itu dilihat dalam kebudayaannya atau jaringan interaksi sosialnya (Nurti, 2017). Makanan pertama yang diberikan dari kita lahir yaitu ASI melalui ibu yang menyusui bayinya. Menyusui adalah proses pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) kepada bayi sejak lahir sampai berusia 2 tahun. Jika bayi diberikan ASI saja sampai usia enam bulan tanpa menambahkan dan mengganti dengan makanan atau minuman lainnya merupakan proses menyusui eksklusif. ASI merupakan makanan utama dan paling sempurna bagi bayi. Dimana ASI mengandung hampir semua zat gizi dengan komposisi sesuai dengan kebutuhan bayi untuk tumbuh dan berkembang secara opti-mal (Pollard, 2016). Air Susu Ibu menjadi salah satu program World Health Organization (WHO) dan Pemerintah RI yang gencar dikemukakan di sektor kesehatan untuk mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas anak. ASI adalah sumber nutrisi yang primer bagi anak sejak dilahirkan sampai ia mampu mencernakan asupan lain setelah usia enam bulan. Lemak, protein, karbohidrat, vitamin, mineral, enzim, dan hormon yang terdapat dalam ASI tidak dapat digantikan oleh susu buatan industri. ASI mengandung zat-zat kekebalan yang melindungi anak dari infeksi dan penyakit kronis, serta mengurangi kemungkinan menderita gangguan kesehatan di kemudian hari seperti obesitas, diabetes dan asma.
Feasibility Test of Fishing Variables on Increasing Fishermen's Income in Tomini Bay, Gorontalo Province
Authors: Yapanto Lis M , Harahab Nuddin , Sudarto  , Olii Abdul Hafidz
Published: March 2021

This study aims to assess the household diversification of coastal fishing on coastal communities' welfare in the District of Kabila Bone, since August 2019-November 2019, 184 respondents, with a survey method. The data collected are primary and secondary data was done by using observation, interview techniques, documentation techniques. The lives and livelihoods of coastal fishing communities are very vulnerable to climate change and the environment. Diversification of fishermen's income sources outside of fisheries can be an effective way to overcome environmental change's adverse effects. This study aims to analyze the effect of business diversification on welfare, environmental sustainability, and welfare on environmental sustainability. The data collected are primary and secondary data, which is done using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The independent variable is selected according to considerations based on the empirical conditions of the coastal area, the researcher's ability and the availability of supporting theories, and the characteristics of the research area. The researcher's ability and the availability of supporting theories, and the characteristics of the research area. The independent or exogenous variables chosen are fishery business (X1), livestock business. Based on the model developed from the relevant theory, the endogenous variables are welfare (Y1) and environmental sustainability (Y2); the model is tested using the PLS-based Structure Equation Model (SEM). The researcher's ability and the availability of supporting theories, and the characteristics of the research area. The independent or exogenous variables chosen are fishery business (X1), livestock business. Based on the model developed from the relevant theory, the endogenous variables are welfare (Y1) and environmental sustainability (Y2); the model is tested using the PLS-based Structure Equation Model (SEM).The model developed from the relevant theory, then tested on a model using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) based on SMART PLUS. The results of the analysis of effort diversification models suggest that the utilization of environmental services does not affect coastal communities' welfare.
An Analysis of Automated Trading System of Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd
Authors: Islam Redwan
Published: March 2021

The research paper is a complete analysis of automated trading system of Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. In this research paper I focused on Dhaka stock exchange situation before and after starting electronic trading. I analysis the trading system of Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. in aspect of software and hardware. Also I discuss the benefits of electronic trading system over traditional cry out system and security and also reliability of trading in stock market. In the end I proposed a new idea i.e. which is basically current system (MSA APPLICATION) up-gradation and it’s shown verbally in several process one after another.
Computational ballistic analysis of the cranial shot to John F. Kennedy
Authors: Then Christophe
Published: March 2021

Almost 60 years after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963 the majority of Americans are still reluctant to believe the official reports of commissions from 1964 and again in 1976 that determined the direction of the shot resulting in the fatal head injury. Long-withheld, confidential government files released in 2017 reignited the controversy.The present investigation computationally simulated projectile-skull impacts from the direction specified in official reports and from three other directions. Detailed geometric models of the human head and ammunition, as well as known parameters from the assassination site served as the supportive base for analysis. Constitutive mathematical models for the impact of projectile material with skull tissues at supersonic speed were employed to analyze bone and bullet fragmentation mechanics. Simulated fracture characteristics of the bone and the bullet were compared with photographic and X-ray evidence. The most likely origin of the fatal shot was determined based on the degree of corresponding deformation and fragmentation between simulation and documented evidence. Computational corroboration could be established as physically consistent with high-speed impact from the rear, as established by the official commissions. Simulations of three other speculative shot origins did not correspond to the documented evidence.
The Influence of Gain-Loss Framing and Its Interaction with Political Ideology on Social Distancing and Mask Wearing Compliance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Steffen Jordan , Cheng Jiuqing
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of cases and over half a million deaths in the United States. While health experts urge citizens to adopt preventative measures such as social distancing and wearing a mask, these recommended behaviors are not always followed by the public. To find a way to promote preventative measures, the present study examined the role of gain-loss framing of COVID-19 related messages on social distancing and mask wearing compliance. Moreover, the study also tested potential moderating effects on framing with three individual characteristics: political ideology, subjective numeracy, and risk attitude. A sample of 375 U.S. adult residents were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Each participant read either a gain or loss-framed message related to practicing protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants also completed scales of preventative behaviors, risk attitude, subjective numeracy, political ideology, and other demographic variables. It was found that those who were more liberal, risk-averse and had greater subjective numeracy were more likely to wear a mask and/or follow social distancing. Furthermore, in the presence of demographic and psychological factors, the study found participants in the loss-framed condition than in the gain-framed condition were more likely to adopt both preventative measures, supporting the notion of loss aversion. Additionally, the framing effect was also moderated by political ideology on mask-wearing, with the effect being stronger in liberals than in conservatives. Collectively, the study implies message framing may be a useful means to promote preventative measures in the current pandemic.
The mental representation of non-numerical quantifiers: The Spatial-Linguistic Association of Response Codes (SLARC) effect.
Authors: Abbondanza Martina , Rinaldi Luca , Foppolo Francesca , Marelli Marco
Published: March 2021

How quantifiers are represented in the human mind is still a topic of intense debate. Seminal studies have addressed the issue of how a subclass of quantifiers, i.e. number words, is spatially coded displaying the SNARC (Spatial-numerical Association of Response Codes) effect; yet, none of these studies have explored the spatial representation of non-numerical quantifiers such as “some” or “many”. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether non-numerical quantifiers are spatially coded in the human mind. We administered two typical comparison tasks to 52 participants: the first task involved non-numerical quantifiers; the second task involved number words. Results showed a response-side compatibility effect for both number words and non-numerical quantifiers, suggesting that both types of quantifiers are encoded in a spatial format; quantifiers referring to “small” quantities are responded to faster with the left hand and quantifiers referring to “large” quantities are responded to faster with the right hand. We labeled this effect for non-numerical quantifiers as the SLARC (Spatial-Linguistic Association of Response Codes) effect. Notably, we found that the SNARC and the SLARC effects were strictly related to each other, namely more a participant was sensitive to the SNARC effect in the number word task, the more a SLARC effect was detectable in the non-numerical quantifier task. These findings add evidence to the tendency of humans to align magnitude information on a mental line that is coded from left to right. This article is in press in The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition.
Implications of COVID-19 regulations for people with visual and intellectual disabilities: Lessons to learn from visiting restrictions
Authors: Honingh Aline , Koelewijn Angelique , Veneberg Bert , Horst Francis ter , Sterkenburg Paula
Published: March 2021

BackgroundDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments of many countries announced regulations to prevent the virus from spreading. For people with a disability living in a sheltered care facility in the Netherlands, this meant that they were not able to receive any visitors for almost 3 months.AimThis study examines how people with an intellectual and visual disability and their families experienced the period in which it was mandated not to have any physical contact. The aim is to examine the experiences of this target group and gain insight in the way measures were taken in order to be able to advise care organizations about adequate care with respect to possible restrictive measures in the future.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with two groups of people: (1) fourteen people with an intellectual and visual disability, living in sheltered care facilities and (2) twelve people being relatives of residents of these same sheltered care facilities. In the interviews, the participants were questioned about their experiences with respect to the adjusted visiting regulations and with respect to the relation with their family during this period. A thematic analysis was performed first separately and then combined.Results and DiscussionA number of themes resulted from the analysis that were related to (1) the instructed regulations of the sheltered care facilities and the government; (2) the relation with family and friends; and (3) the consequences of COVID-19 and the regulations. Both relatives and residents were understanding of the difficult situation, but also expressed criticism about the chosen regulations, the communication thereof, and the practical implementation. Both groups have experienced the interruption of close contact as emotional and difficult. However, also positive consequences of the restrictions due to COVID-19 were mentioned. The results provide a list of recommendations for sheltered care facilities.
Reduced functional connectivity in brain networks underlying paired associates memory encoding in schizophrenia
Authors: Roes Meighen , Chinchani Abhijit Mahesh , Woodward Todd
Published: March 2021

Patients with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in associative learning and semantic memory. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the neural correlates of successful versus unsuccessful semantic associative encoding in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Publicly shared fMRI data from the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics LA5C study were analyzed. Forty-four patients with schizophrenia and 78 healthy controls performed a paired-associates encoding task. Constrained principal component analysis for fMRI (fMRI-CPCA) revealed three distinct functional networks recruited during encoding: a responding (RESP) network, a linguistic processing/attention network (LANG/ATTN), and the default mode network (DMN). Relative to healthy controls, patients showed aberrant activity in all three networks; namely, hypo-activation in the LANG/ATTN network during successful encoding, lower peak activation and weaker post-activation suppression of the RESP network, and weaker suppression in the DMN during successful encoding. Independent of group effects, a pattern of stronger anticorrelating LANG/ATTN-DMN activity during successful encoding significantly predicted subsequent retrieval of paired associates. Together with previous observations of language network hypoactivation during controlled semantic associative memory processes, these results suggest that reduced activity in linguistic processing areas is a reliable biological marker associated with impaired semantic memory in schizophrenia.
Infants who experience more adult-initiated conversations have better expressive language in toddlerhood
Authors: Salo Virginia C. , King Lucy S , Gotlib Ian , Humphreys Kathryn Leigh
Published: March 2021

To understand how infants become engaged in conversations with their caregivers, we examined who tends to initiate conversations between adults and infants, differences between the features of infant- and adult-initiated conversations, and whether individual differences in how much infants engage in infant- or adult-initiated conversations uniquely predict later language development. We analyzed naturalistic adult–infant conversations captured via passive recording of the daily environment in two samples of 6-month-old infants. In Study 1, we found that at age 6 months, infants typically engage in more adult- than infant-initiated conversations and that adult-initiated conversations are, on average, longer and contain more adult words. In Study 2, we replicated these findings and, further, found that infants who engaged in more adult-initiated conversations in infancy had better expressive language at age 18 months. This association remained significant when accounting for the number of infant-initiated conversations at 6 months. Our findings indicate that early interactions with caregivers can have a lasting impact on children’s language development, and that the extent to which parents initiate interactions with their infants may be particularly important.
Non-pharmacological interventions for children on the autism spectrum: An umbrella review
Authors: Trembath David , Varcin Kandice , Waddington Hannah , Sulek Rhylee , Bent Cathy , Ashburner Jill , Eapen Valsamma , Goodall Emma , Hudry Kristelle , Roberts Jacqueline , Silove Natalie , Whitehouse Andrew
Published: March 2021

Background: It is critical that the interventions children on the autism spectrum receive are evidence-based. Given the breadth of available non-pharmacological interventions, a synthesis of research evidence on interventions for children on the autism spectrum is needed.Methods: We completed an umbrella review of systematic reviews, published between 2010-2020, focusing on interventions for children aged 0-12 years. Only systematic reviews that included at least one primary study with a controlled group design were included. Interventions were classified as Behavioural, Developmental, Naturalistic Developmental Behavioural Interventions (NDBIs), Sensory-based, Technology-based, Animal-assisted, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication-handicapped Children (TEACCH), and ‘other’ (i.e., interventions that didn’t correspond to the other categories). Results: Evidence from 58 systematic reviews indicated positive therapeutic effects for Behavioural interventions, Developmental interventions, NDBIs, Technology-based interventions, and CBT on a range of child and family outcomes. Positive effects for Sensory-based interventions were reported for certain practices only and were limited to select child and family outcomes. A mix of inconsistent and null intervention effects on child and family outcomes were reported for TEACCH and Animal-assisted interventions. There were no consistent findings of the possible effects of intervention delivery (e.g., amount, agent, delivery format, delivery mode) or child characteristics (e.g., age, cognitive skills) on outcomes. Few studies measured outcomes beyond children’s characteristics and skills, to consider broader participation, quality of life, or family outcomes. Adverse effects were rarely reported, and findings were based predominantly on lower quality reviews and/or reviews with a mixture of study designs.Conclusions: There is evidence for the positive effects of a range of interventions, but not for a single best intervention for all children, nor an intervention conferring positive effects across all outcomes examined. The potential influence of intervention and child characteristics on outcomes remains a critical priority for future research.
Building theories of consistency and variability in children’s language development: A large-scale data approach
Authors: Tsui Angeline , Marchman Virginia A. , Frank Michael C.
Published: March 2021

Young children typically begin learning words during their first two years of life. On the other hand, they also vary substantially in their language learning. Similarities and differences in language learning call for a quantitative theory that can predict and explain which aspects of early language are consistent and which are variable. However, current developmental research practices limit our ability to build such quantitative theories because of small sample sizes and challenges related to reproducibility and replicability. In this chapter, we suggest that three approaches – meta-analysis, multi-site collaborations, and secondary data aggregation – can together address some of the limitations of current research in the developmental area. We review the strengths and limitations of each approach and end by discussing the potential impacts of combining these three approaches.