bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
For the Wind Is in the Palm-Trees: The 2017 Rohingya Crisis and an Emergent UK Approach to Atrocity Prevention
Authors: Ferguson Kate
Published: April 2021

This article explores the British government’s recent Myanmar policy, its response to the Rohingya crisis of 2017, and the extent to which increasing scrutiny from parliament and civil society in reaction to the atrocities in Rakhine prompted clearer articulation of a national approach to atrocity prevention. The article presents five key failures and argues that a goal for those wishing to preserve and strengthen the principle of the Responsibility to Protect, and advance the goal of preventing mass atrocities, must be to break it free of the United Nations sphere and integrate the pillars into state structures.
Taxonomic review of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)

Authors: MENDES THAINARA POLICARPO , SOUZA ALESSANDRO OLIVEIRA DE , SILVA MARCOS JOSÉ DA
Published: April 2021

Chamaecrista (L.) Moench is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae, with about 330 species, 258 of which are present in Brazil, mainly in Savanna areas in the central portion of the country. The genus is monophyletic and comprises six sections, including Ch. cect. Absus, the biggest one with ca. 180 species divided into four subsections and 31 series. Paniculatae series, as traditionally recognized, included 6 species (12 taxa). However, it recently had its circumscription changed from a phylogenetic study that made it a monophyletic group and subordinated 13 species recognized mainly by the generally large leaflets (1.5–9.3 × 1.2–9.5 cm long), orbicular, coriaceous and divaricate, young branches and axis of inflorescences viscous and flowers with posterior petal similar to a standard. Despite this, and considering the recent changes, its species remain scarcely known taxonomically, with typification problems, poorly illustrated and mapped, and without conservation status. A taxonomic review of Ch. ser. Paniculatae, which resulted from monthly collections since 2010, consult the literature and herbaria collections from 26 herbaria, including all types. Thirteen species were recognized, described, and illustrated, represented by images, contrasted by means of a key and commented on morphological relationships, geographic distribution, state of conservation and times of flowering and fruiting. In addition, the updated typification of the group is proposed, including four lectotypifications.
Description of Pseudoechthistatus rugosus n. sp. from Yunnan, China (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Lamiini)
Authors: HUANG GUI-QIANG , YAN KAI , LI SONG
Published: April 2021

Pseudoechthistatus rugosus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Yunnan, China.
Additions to the taxonomy of Gnamptogenys Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae) with an updated key to the New World species
Authors: CAMACHO GABRIELA P. , FRANCO WESLLY , FEITOSA RODRIGO M.
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to raise and address nomenclatural issues surrounding Neotropical species in the genus Gnamptogenys, in addition to describing new species accumulated in myrmecological collections. New and reinstated names recognized here include G. pernambucana (Santschi) sp. rev., stat.n., G. lenis sp. n., G. latistriata sp. n., and G. avus sp. n. The queen and intercaste of G. lavra Lattke and the queen of G. pernambucana are described for the first time. For these five species we provide complete descriptions and diagnoses, comments on taxonomy and natural history, distribution data, and high-resolution images, including the first images of G. lavra. An updated identification key for all the Neotropical species of Gnamptogenys is also provided, including the new and revived species as well as G. aspera Morgan and G. pilosa Lattke, not present in previous keys for the genus.
New records of two sponge-associated species of Upogebia Leach, 1814 from southern India (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Upogebiidae): U. hexaceras (Ortmann, 1894) and U. nithyanandan (Sakai, Türkay & Al Aidaroos, 2015) resurrected from the synonymy of U. balmaorum Ngoc-Ho, 1990
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , RAVINESH RAVEENDHIRAN , RIYAS ABDUL , KUMAR APPUKUTTANNAIR BIJU
Published: April 2021

Two species of the mud shrimp genus Upogebia Leach, 1814 (Gebiidea: Upogebiidae) are recorded from India for the first time based on material from Tamil Nadu: U. hexaceras (Ortmann, 1894) and U. nithyanandan (Sakai, Türkay & Al Aidaroos, 2015). Both were found in burrows in an unidentified sponge. Upogebia nithyanandan is resurrected as a valid species from the synonymy of U. balmaorum Ngoc-Ho, 1990, recently proposed by Dworschak & Poore (2018). The two species are fully described and illustrated on the basis of the newly collected specimens, and diagnostic characters for species recognition are discussed.
Three new species of Cloacininae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) parasitic in Dorcopsis muelleri (Schlegel, 1866) from Papua and Salawati island, Indonesia
Authors: DEWI KARTIKA , PURWANINGSIH ENDANG
Published: April 2021

Three new species of Cloacininae are described from Dorcopsis muelleri obtained from Salawati Island and Kaimana, Papua. Cloacina woworae sp. nov. differs from all congeners by having postero-lateral and medio-lateral rays not fused and the esophagus wider anterior to the nerve ring. Compared to its congeners, C. beveridgei sp. nov. resembles C. caballeroi Mawson, 1977, C. cretheis Beveridge, 2002, C. erigone Beveridge, 2002, and C. syphax Beveridge & Speare, 1999 in the morphology of the dorsal ray.  However, C. beveridgei has distal segments of sub-median papillae longer than the proximal segments. This character differentiates it from C. caballeroi, C. cretheis, and C. erigone, which have the distal segment of the sub-median papilla shorter than the proximal. Furthermore, this new species can be distinguished with C. syphax in having a shorter vagina vera and in the shape of the anterior region of the vagina. Cervonemella kaimanaensis sp. nov. differs from Ce. reardoni, the sole species in the genus Cervonemella, in the shape and longer vagina, shorter and slender tail, shorter position of vulva from posterior end and longer spicules.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Zicrona caerulea (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: ZHAO QING , CASSIS GERASIMOS , ZHAO LING , HE YIFAN , ZHANG HUFANG , WEI JIUFENG
Published: April 2021

Zicrona caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) is a cosmopolitan stink bug species, which belongs to the predatory subfamily Asopinae. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Zicrona caerulea from Shanxi, China was sequenced for the first time, using next generation sequencing. The mitogenome was found to be 15,479 bp in length. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a typical control region. This research revealed an overall A+T content of 77.14%. All tRNA genes had a clover-leaf structure except for trnS1, which lacks a dihydrouridine (DHU) arm; and for trnV, the DHU arm forms a simple loop. The lengths of rrnS and rrnL were 797 bp and 1,285 bp, respectively. Because of a shortage in tandem repeats, the A+T-rich region was 644 bp in length. Phylogenetic relationships based on these mitogenomes, using Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood methods, showed that Zicrona caerulea belongs to Asopinae. The monophyly of families of the Pentatomoidea is supported, albeit limited taxon sampling.
Taxonomical study of Japanese Aulodrilus Bretscher (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificinae) with descriptions of two new species
Authors: OHTAKA AKIFUMI
Published: April 2021

Seven species of the genus Aulodrilus (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificinae) are studied, based on new material from Japan. Aulodrilus dentosus sp. nov. is characterized as having tubular atrium, forked or bifid distal ends of dorsal crotchets, but no genital chaetae, and A. aestivus sp. nov. is characterized as having crescent-shaped atrium, median male bursa, and bifid chaetae in the dorsal bundles. Five other congeners are redescribed: A. limnobius Bretscher, A. pluriseta (Piguet), A. pigueti Kowalewski, A. japonicus Yamaguchi, and A. americanus Brinkhurst & Cook. Comparison of taxonomic characters among the 14 species recognized in the genus to date shows that three species differ from other congeners in several features: A. paucichaeta Brinkhurst & Barbour, A. adetus (du Bois-Reymond Marcus), and A. apeniatus Cui & Wang. They are provisionally maintained in the genus.
Garra orontesi, a new species from the Orontes River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: BAYÇELEBİ ESRA , KAYA CÜNEYT , TURAN DAVUT , FREYHOF JÖRG
Published: April 2021

Garra orontesi, new species, is described from the Orontes River drainage in the eastern Mediterranean Sea basin in Turkey and Syria. It is distinguished from its congeners in the Mediterranean Sea basin and adjacent Mesopotamia by possessing 17–21 gill rakers on the lower part of the first gill arch, the pelvic-fin origin usually below the second branched dorsal-fin ray, 8½ branched dorsal-fin rays, usually 2–3 scales between the tip of the pectoral and pelvic-fin origins, and no tubercles behind the upper posterior eye margin. It is also distinguished by a minimum K2P distance of 2.7% in its COI barcode region against G. rufa, and 3.9% against the geographically adjacent G. turcica.
Larval morphology of three syntopic species of Kaloula Gray (Anura: Microhylidae) from Vietnam
Authors: VASSILIEVA ANNA B.
Published: April 2021

The external larval morphology of three species of the microhylid genus Kaloula (K. indochinensis, K. mediolineata, and K. pulchra) inhabiting the southern and central regions of Vietnam is studied. The similarities and the distinctive features of their morphometric characters, the structure of their mouthparts and spiracle, and their coloration are analysed with consideration of the geographic variability. A description of the tadpole of K. indochinensis is provided for the first time. The interspecific comparison revealed the shape of the mouthparts and the spiracle as the most reliable diagnostic characters for the field identification of the coexistent Kaloula tadpoles. The first description of the larval chondrocranium and hyobranchial apparatus of K. indochinensis demonstrates a set of morphological traits characteristic of suspension-feeding microhylids. Some developmental parameters (egg number and size, duration of embryonic and larval development, larvae size and stage at hatching) are provided for K. indochinensis and K. pulchra.
Macaronesian Muscidae (Diptera). III. First record of the genus Spilogona Schnabl based on two new endemic species from the Azores and Madeira
Authors: MICHELSEN VERNER
Published: April 2021

The occurrence of the muscid genus Spilogona Schnabl in Macaronesia is documented for the first time by the description of two new species, S. azorensis sp. nov. and S. maderensis sp. nov. These appear to be local endemics of the Azores and Madeira, respectively.
Evaluation of GEOS Precipitation Flagging for SMAP Soil Moisture Retrieval Accuracy
Authors: Neelam Maheshwari , Bindlish Rajat , O’Neill Peggy , Huffman George J. , Reichle Rolf , Chan Steven , Colliander Andreas
Published: April 2021

The precipitation flag in the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level 2 passive soil moisture (L2SMP) retrieval product indicates the presence or absence of heavy precipitation at the time of the SMAP overpass. The flag is based on precipitation estimates from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Forward Processing numerical weather prediction system. An error in flagging during an active or recent precipitation event can either (1) produce an overestimation of soil moisture due to short-term surface wetting of vegetation and/or surface ponding (if soil moisture retrieval was attempted in the presence of rain), or (2) produce an unnecessary non-retrieval of soil moisture and loss of data (if retrieval is flagged due to an erroneous indication of rain). Satellite precipitation estimates from the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) Version 06 Early Run (latency of ~4 hrs) precipitationCal product are used here to evaluate the GEOS-based precipitation flag in the L2SMP product for both the 6 PM ascending and 6 AM descending SMAP overpasses over the first five years of the mission (2015-2020). Consisting of blended precipitation measurements from the GPM (Global Precipitation Mission) satellite constellation, IMERG is treated as the “truth” when comparing to the GEOS model forecasts of precipitation used by SMAP. Key results include: i) IMERG measurements generally show higher spatial variability than the GEOS forecast precipitation, ii) the IMERG product has a higher frequency of light precipitation amounts, and iii) the effect of incorporating IMERG rainfall measurements in lieu of GEOS precipitation forecasts are minimal on the L2SMP retrieval accuracy (determined vs. in situ soil moisture measurements at core validation sites). Our results indicate that L2SMP retrievals continue to meet the mission’s accuracy requirement (standard deviation of the ubRMSE less than 0.04 m3/m3).
Systemic Immune Inflammation Index: A Novel Predictor of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kelesoglu Saban , Yilmaz Yucel , Elcık Deniz , Çetınkaya Zeki , Inanc Mehmet Tugrul , Dogan Ali , Oguzhan Abdurrahman , Kalay Nihat
Published: April 2021

We investigated whether the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) on admission is an independent risk factor that predicts the development of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 429 patients with NSTEMI were enrolled in the study. Contrast-induced nephropathy was defined as an increase in serum creatinine level of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% above baseline within 72 hour after the procedure. Patients were divided into 2 groups: with and without CIN. Demographics, clinical risk factors, angiographic and laboratory parameters, CIN incidence, and SII score were compared between the 2 groups. Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients, who developed CIN, had higher glucose levels ( P = .009), neutrophil counts ( P < .001), platelet counts ( P < .001), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios ( P < .001), high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels ( P = .009), and SII levels ( P < .001) than those who did not develop CIN. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that at a cutoff of 933.2, the value of SII exhibited 77.6% sensitivity and 69.2% specificity for detecting CIN. Our study showed that the SII levels on admission were independently associated with CIN development after PCI in patients with NSTEMI.
Health literacy in school-based health programmes: A case study in one Australian school
Authors: Peralta Louisa R , Cinelli Renata L , Marvell Claire L
Published: April 2021

Objective:

The ability of schools, school leaders and teachers to promote critical health literacy in teaching and learning is central to the development of health literacy in schools. However, research focusing on teachers and planning for health literacy through health programmes in school is minimal. This paper describes how one school Health and Physical Education (HPE) department planned for and implemented health literacy learning across Years 7–10 as part of the first-year delivery of the Australian Curriculum: Health and Physical Education in New South Wales, Australia.

Design:

Single setting case study.

Setting:

A Years 7–10 Catholic school for boys. The HPE department comprised five teachers and one head of department.

Method:

Thirty-four lessons and 61 learning activities were analysed using Nutbeam’s health literacy hierarchy and the Australian Curriculum: Health and Physical Education outcomes and content.

Results:

A large number of learning activities were categorised as interactive ( n = 37, 60.7%) and a smaller number of learning activities categorised as critical ( n = 16, 26.2%). The number of learning activities categorised as functional was the smallest ( n = 5, 8.1%).

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that school-based health programmes that lack a connection to a whole school approach may fail to provide opportunities for students to achieve the critical understandings of health literacy that will provide them with the capability to enhance the health of others.
Treatment non-adherence pattern among persons with neuropsychiatric disorders: A study from a rural community mental health centre in India
Authors: Sriramulu Sudhir Babu , Elangovan Aravind Raj , Isaac Mohan , Kalyanasundaram Janaki Raman
Published: April 2021

Background:

Treatment gap causes significant loss to individuals, families, societies and the nation. Treatment adherence enhancement is a major challenge in psychiatric disorders. Globally, the community mental health services are obligated to minimize the treatment and adherence gap. In recent years’ retrospective studies are gaining importance to measure the trend of mental health service utilization, cost effectiveness, resources allocation and similar aspects.

Aim:

To explore the treatment adherence pattern of persons with neuropsychiatric illness from a rural community mental health centre.

Method:

Five hundred and ninety-six medical records of persons with neuropsychiatric disorders who registered for outpatient treatment between 2015 and 2017 at Sakalawara Rural mental health centre of National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India, were reviewed to understand their adherence pattern

Results:

Out of 596 patients, 68 (11.4%) were referred to tertiary care mental health and District Mental Health Programme (DMHP) services. Out of the remaining 528 patients, 29.7% were regular to mental health services over a period of 12 months and above; majority of the patients (36.2%) dropped out of their treatment after their first contact and 34.1% discontinued their follow up visits over a period of first week to 12 months.

Conclusion:

Community based mental health centres too face challenges of and problems related to treatment non-adherence. Persons with neuropsychiatric disorders require continuity of care through regular home visits, out-reach services and innovative methods which will enhance treatment adherence.
Repayment Performance of Self-Help Groups in Uttar Pradesh: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Singh Udai Bhan , Gupta Tanushree
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to study the determinants of repayment performance of self-help groups in India’s Uttar Pradesh state, which has one of the highest numbers of defaulting self-help groups. The study is based on primary data collected in 2017 through a field survey covering 300 members across 100 self-help groups from the rural areas of Sultanpur and Faizabad districts. The survey reveals an overall repayment rate of about 55% with better pay-back performance seen among members of old self-help groups. The results, computed with the help of the Tobit model, show that factors such as group maturity (age of the group), ratio of family workers to household size and household income are negatively associated with the incidence of delinquency while peer group pressure and social ties associate positively with delays and overdues.
Assessing the viability of carious lesions in human identification using STR typing
Authors: Shbair Mohammed , Adnan Atif , Hao Pang , Liu Yi
Published: April 2021

Human teeth have become a prominent source of DNA for human forensic identification as their biological structure is highly resistant to extreme conditions. Previous forensic identification was mainly dependent on the pulp and the other hard tissues of intact teeth. However, there is high likelihood that only carious teeth can be available for forensic analysis. This study aimed to validate the use of the carious part of the teeth for forensic identification and to compare two DNA extraction methods-the operative technique with the cervical cut technique for human identification using STR typing. The reliability of STR markers in carious part of the teeth was evaluated in 120 carious teeth (60 dental pulp and 60 dentinal carious tissues, respectively) with considerable coverage of gender type and age range to avoid false exclusions. The study was performed on genuine data set where samples have been extracted by proficient dentist during the treatment operation and collected for further analysis. Complete DNA was extracted and the corresponding human identification profile was obtained using the GoldenEye™DNA ID system 20A kit. The operative technique showed a conservative approach to the sampling of carious tissues and allowed safe access to collect carious tissues, whereas the cervical cut technique permitted access to the root canals and complete sampling of the pulp tissues. The findings indicated that there was no significant association between the cervical cut and operative cut techniques ( p = 0.165). In addition, there was no statistically significant association between the various teeth types and the obtained profiles observed. The operative technique, by drilling holes on the defected surface of carious human teeth and gentle hand excavation of carious tissues, was indicated to be very efficient, preserving, time-saving, and cost-effective in the recovery of human DNA from carious teeth. The result gives new insights that the carious tissues of human carious teeth might be as valid as the healthy teeth for forensic human identification.
Moments of Connection for the Disconnected: People with Negative Relations with Others Experience Less, but Benefit More from, Positive Everyday Interaction
Authors: Merolla Andy J. , Hansia Afsoon , Hall Jeffrey A. , Zhang Shuangyue
Published: April 2021

Analysis of over 2,000 moments of social interaction collected through smartphone-based experience sampling showed that, over a week-long period, people who have experienced negative relations with others (relative to those who have not), interacted with individuals from less-established relationships, perceived less partner responsiveness during interactions (particularly from their established relationship partners), and were more likely to report being alone than engaged in positive communication episodes. People with high negative relations with others also tended to have lower perceptions of affective well-being and relational connection, and greater perceptions of stress-related cognition, during moments of social interaction. Yet, results also indicated that while positive communication appears harder to come by for people with high negative relations with others, these individuals gain outsized benefits from positive interaction when it occurs (e.g., sharper increases in well-being and decreases in stress). This suggests that heightened negative relations with others might lead people to “hyperabsorb” the benefits of positive moments of communication. The results have implications for key perspectives on communication, relational life, and well-being (i.e., affection deprivation, appraisal, implicit vigilance, and resource insufficiency) and suggest potential routes for intervention development for people with difficult relational lives.
On Staging Work: How Research Funding Bodies Create Adaptive Coherence in Times of Projectification
Authors: Wehrens Rik , Oldenhof Lieke , Bal Roland
Published: April 2021

While recent science and technology studies literature focuses on “projectification” and its felt tensions for researchers, a surprising scarcity of empirical work addresses experiences at the “other end,” such as funding bodies often held “responsible” for tensions encountered by researchers. Actors in funding bodies experience similar tensions, however. While projectification necessitates predictability and individual project objectives, research funding is also increasingly organized in networks promoting local experimentation. Moreover, funding bodies are part of a system of accountability in which investments are legitimized politically in often reductionist ways. We argue for the salience of more detailed empirical investigations into the work of funding bodies as they navigate these tensions. We apply a dramaturgical perspective to investigate the “staging work” of program committees responsible for the management of funded programs, identifying three forms of staging work: setting the scene, temporal narration, and signifying success. All come with discursive, material, and symbolic dimensions. We develop the notion “adaptive coherence” to show how the program committee sought to maintain the coherence of the overall program despite continuous risks of fragmentation due to projectification, local experimentation, and divergence in interests. “Adaptive coherence” proves productive in incorporating the temporal and spatial dimensions of staging work in networked contexts.
Commentary on and Further Extension of Stanley J. Shapiro’s Review of Milton Friedman: Fifty Years Later
Authors: Benton Raymond
Published: April 2021

This is a commentary on and further extension of Stanley J. Shapiro’s review of Milton Friedman: Fifty Years Later. It is also an extension to a Bagha and Laczniak article cited by Shapiro, “Seeking the Real Adam Smith and Milton Friedman.”
Effect of iron nitrate modification on elimination of organic matter from landfill leachate by sludge-based activated carbon
Authors: Zeng Fan , Liao Xiaofeng , Lu Jiawei , Pan Danping , Qiu Qili , Ding Keqiang , Luo Minghan
Published: April 2021

Sludge-based activated carbons (SACs) prepared from sewage sludge and corn straw, were modified by ferric nitrate, and the unmodified SAC and modified SAC were used as the adsorbing agent to treat the landfill leachate, the elimination capacity for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic matter in leachate were studied. Based on this, the physicochemical properties of SACs and the components changes in leachate were analyzed and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that under optimal experimental conditions, the elimination capacities of SAC372 for COD, biological oxygen demand over 5 days, and NH4+–N in the leachate were 81.58%, 54.73%, and 69.08%, respectively; while the adsorption capacities of modified SAC for these three substances were 86.25%, 63.51%, and 79.15%, respectively. The ferric nitrate modification improved the ability of SAC to eliminate COD and organic matter from leachate slightly, and made the adsorption occurred easily. The adsorption process of unmodified SAC was dominated by multi-layer adsorption, while the adsorption process of modified SAC was dominated by monolayer adsorption. The mass fraction of Fe (2p) in modified SAC remarkably increased, from 0.70% to 26.01%, organic functional groups certain phase of Fe oxides with different valence states were generated in SAC, which provided a substrate for iron–carbon micro electrolysis. After adsorbed by unmodified SAC and modified SAC adsorption, the total fluorescence intensity of in the leachate increased by 17.01% and 116.84%, respectively. Both two SACs could decompose the humic acid-like substances into aromatic protein organic compounds, and modified SAC could further decompose the soluble microbial byproduct-like substances.
Recurrent Thrombi in an Obese Patient With History of Bariatric Surgery Despite Anti-Xa Therapy
Authors: Briggler Rachel , Matherne Emma , Johnson Chris , Boehmer Kaci
Published: April 2021

Obesity and gastric bypass surgery can complicate anticoagulation therapy. In general, patients post-bariatric surgery are considered to be at a moderate risk for deep venous thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology, The Obesity Society, American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Obesity Medicine Association, and American Society of Anesthesiologists guidelines recommend chemical prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin after surgery until the patient is fully mobile, and for those who require chronic anticoagulation, the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis recommend warfarin if body mass index (BMI) is above 40 kg/m2 or weight is more than 120 kg. Clinical decision making regarding anticoagulation in the following patient case is complicated by multiple factors, most notably the combination of obesity and history of gastric bypass surgery. This patient failed multiple anticoagulation regimens, with apixaban and rivaroxaban therapies each ending in venous thromboemboli and warfarin leading to subtherapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR)s despite dose adjustment. However, she is currently therapeutic on the combination of enoxaparin and warfarin as shown by INR and anti-Xa level monitoring. In this case and similar instances, there could be a need for anticoagulant dose adjustments, different INR goals, or a combination of different anticoagulants. Providers should take an individualized approach to patients who have had bariatric surgery with elevated BMI as a key factor in anticoagulant selection.
Risky Casual Sex and Posttraumatic Stress in College Females: An Examination of Assault History, Self-Esteem, and Social Support
Authors: Kennedy Seigie , Balderrama-Durbin Christina
Published: April 2021

Casual sex, although common in college culture, can increase the risk of sexual victimization, which in turn can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined sexual victimization, self-esteem, and social support as relative predictors of PTSD and risky casual sex (RCS) in a sample of 229 female undergraduates. Results suggested that enhancing self-esteem may have a greater relative impact on PTSD symptoms compared with social support, even after accounting for the impact of sexual victimization. Moreover, a reduction in PTSD symptoms may have the potential to minimize RCS. Future research is needed to determine temporal relations among these variables.
Regional Analgesia for Cardiac Surgery. Part 2: Peripheral Regional Analgesia for Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Devarajan Jagan , Balasubramanian Sennaraj , Shariat Ali N. , Bhatt Himani V.
Published: April 2021

The introduction of regional analgesia in the past decades have revolutionized postoperative pain management for various types of surgery, particularly orthopedic surgery. Nowadays, they are being constantly introduced into other types of surgeries including cardiac surgeries. Neuraxial and paravertebral plexus blocks for cardiac surgery are considered as deep blocks and have the risk of hematoma formation in the setting of anticoagulation associated with cardiac surgeries. Moreover, hemodynamic compromise resulting from sympathectomy in patients with limited cardiac reserve further limits the use of neuraxial techniques. A multitude of fascial plane blocks involving chest wall have been developed, which have been shown the potential to be included in the regional analgesia armamentarium for cardiac surgery. In myofascial plane blocks, the local anesthetic spreads passively and targets the intermediate and terminal branches of intercostal nerves. They are useful as important adjuncts for providing analgesia and are likely to be included in “Enhanced Recovery after Cardiac Surgery (ERACS)” protocols. There are several small studies and case reports that have shown efficacy of the regional blocks in reducing opioid requirements and improving patient satisfaction. This review article discusses the anatomy of various fascial plane blocks, mechanism of their efficacy, and available evidence on outcomes after cardiac surgery.
Cannulation of the popliteal vein as an intraoperative emergency access in prone position: A case report
Authors: Kammerer Tobias , Brezina Tobias
Published: April 2021

Many surgeries have to be performed in the prone position. Access to central vessels is very limited in this position. This requires forward planning with regard to the placement of a central venous catheter. Emergency situations or unexpected intraoperative events in prone position are challenging, as a conventional central venous access is not possible. We describe the cannulation of the popliteal vein in such a case. We report the case of a patient with severe intracerebral hemorrhage who was transferred to our emergency department where his clinical condition rapidly deteriorated. Due to the surgical approach, a prone position was necessary and preoperative central venous cannulation was not possible. We therefore performed an alternative vascular access in prone position using a ultrasound-guided cannulation of the popliteal vein. The cannulation of the popliteal vein described here can be carried out as a quick and easy feasible alternative in emergency situations in prone position. The ultrasound-guided catheter insertion succeeded without any problems and there was no evidence of a deep vein thrombosis after the intervention.
Picturing destruction at home and abroad: a comparative visual analysis of icons and news values during disaster
Authors: Thomson TJ
Published: April 2021

This study uses news photographs and interviews with journalists to explore how Australia’s unprecedented 2019–2020 bushfire season was depicted for Australian and non-Australian audiences in order to extend transnational understanding of iconicity’s tenets and how news values vary across contexts. It does so first by examining the Sydney Morning Herald’s coverage over 3 months and then by contrasting this with international coverage that began in early 2020 once the issue spilled onto the world stage. Australia’s coverage focused intensely on human actors involved in the disaster while the vast numbers of affected animals were virtually absent. In contrast, international media visually depicted the disaster as an environmental and ecological issue with global consequences. The results suggest a need for a definition of iconicity that is inclusive to non-human actors and to inanimate forces that are personified. It also extends our cross-cultural understanding of the visual expression of news values.
A systematic review of the experience of being a sibling of a child with an autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Watson Lucy , Hanna Paul , Jones Christina J
Published: April 2021

Difficulties associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders can cause considerable impact on personal, familial, social, educational and occupational functioning. Living with a child who has an Autism Spectrum Disorder can therefore pose a challenge to family members, including typically developing siblings. However, it is only in recent years that the experience of typically developing siblings has become a focal point. A systematic review using keywords across six databases was undertaken to summarise qualitative studies that focused on the experience of being a sibling of a child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria and a thematic synthesis was completed. The synthesis found that having a sibling who has an Autism Spectrum Disorder can impact typically developing sibling’s self-identity and personal development in a number of ways. Similarly, interactions with the sibling who has Autism Spectrum Disorders and with other individuals can evoke a myriad of experiences that can both benefit and challenge typically developing siblings. The ability of typically developing siblings to cope with adverse experiences needs to remain a focus. This synthesis concludes that further research is needed to identify which methods are the most effective in supporting typically developing siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Covid-19 and research in conflict-affected contexts: distanced methods and the digitalisation of suffering
Authors: Mwambari David , Purdeková Andrea , Bisoka Aymar Nyenyezi
Published: April 2021

This research note explores the pressing ethical challenges associated with increased online platforming of sensitive research on conflict-affected settings since the onset of Covid-19. We argue that moving research online and the ‘digitalisation of suffering’ risks reducing complexity of social phenomena and omission of important aspects of lived experiences of violence or peace-building. Immersion, ‘contexting’ and trust-building are fundamental to research in repressive and/or conflict-affected settings and these are vitally eclipsed in online exchanges and platforms. ‘Distanced research’ thus bears very real epistemological limitations. Neither proximity not distance are in themselves liberating vectors. Nonetheless, we consider the opportunities that distancing offers in terms of its decolonial potential, principally in giving local researcher affiliates’ agency in the research process and building more equitable collaborations. This research note therefore aims to propose a series of questions and launch a debate amongst interested scholars, practitioners and other researchers working in qualitative research methods in the social sciences.
Frequency of Sarcopenia, Sarcopenic Obesity, and Changes in Physical Function in Surgical Oncology Patients Referred for Prehabilitation
Authors: Ngo-Huang An , Herbert Aliea , Fontillas Rhodora C. , Parker Nathan H. , Asumbrado Roan , Garg Naveen , Dibaj Seyedeh , Liu Diane D. , Ng Amy H. , Guo Ying , Shin Ki Y. , Katz Matthew H. G. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: April 2021

Purpose:

Sarcopenia and suboptimal performance status are associated with postoperative complications and morbidity in cancer patients. Prehabilitation has emerged as an approach to improve fitness and muscle strength in patients preoperatively. We sought to describe the frequency of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) in a cohort of cancer patients referred for prehabilitation and the association between body composition and physical function.

Methods:

In this retrospective review of 99 consecutive cancer patients referred for prehabilitation prior to intended oncologic surgery, prehabilitation included physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physician evaluation of function and physical therapy for individualized home-based exercise. Sarcopenic A was defined using sex-adjusted norms of skeletal muscle (SKM), measured using the sliceOmatic software (TomoVision, 2012) on computed tomography images at baseline. Sarcopenic B was defined by abnormal SKM and physical function. SO was defined as sarcopenia with BMI ≥ 25. Six-minute walk test (6MWT), 5 times sit-to-stand (5×STS), and grip strength were obtained at consultation (baseline) and at preoperative follow-up (if available).

Results:

Forty-nine patients (49%) were Sarcopenic A, 28 (28%) SO, and 38 (38%) Sarcopenic B. Age was negatively correlated with SKM ( P = .0436). There were no significant associations between Sarcopenic A/B or SO with baseline or changes in physical function. Assessed by sex, Sarcopenic A females had low 5×STS ( P = .04) and Sarcopenic B females had low GS ( P = .037). Sarcopenic B males had low preoperative GS ( P = .026). 6MWT and grip strength at baseline were lower than age- and sex-related norms (both P < .001). Preoperatively, 6MWT distance and 5×STS time improved (both P < .001). Functional improvement in the sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic patients did not differ according to sex.

Conclusions:

In this cohort of prehabilitation surgical oncology patients, frequencies of sarcopenia and SO were high, and baseline physical function was abnormal but improved significantly regardless of body composition. These findings suggest that patients have considerable prehabilitation needs and are capable of improving with comprehensive care.
Community pharmacist prescribing of antimicrobials: A systematic review from an antimicrobial stewardship perspective
Authors: Wu Julie Hui-Chih , Khalid Fatima , Langford Bradley J. , Beahm Nathan P. , McIntyre Mark , Schwartz Kevin L. , Garber Gary , Leung Valerie
Published: April 2021

Background:

Pharmacist prescribing authority is expanding, while antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global concern. We sought to synthesize the evidence for antimicrobial prescribing by community pharmacists to identify opportunities to advance antimicrobial stewardship in this setting.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review to characterize the existing literature on community pharmacist prescribing of systemic antimicrobials. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts for English-language articles published between 1999 and June 20, 2019, as well as hand-searched reference lists of included articles and incorporated expert suggestions.

Results:

Of 3793 articles identified, 14 met inclusion criteria. Pharmacists are most often prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI), acute pharyngitis and cold sores using independent and supplementary prescribing models. This was associated with high rates of clinical improvement (4 studies), low rates of retreatment and adverse effects (3 studies) and decreased health care utilization (7 studies). Patients were highly satisfied (8 studies) and accessed care sooner or more easily (7 studies). Seven studies incorporated antimicrobial stewardship into study design, and there was overlap between study outcomes and those relevant to outpatient antimicrobial stewardship. Pharmacist intervention reduced unnecessary prescribing for acute pharyngitis (2 studies) and increased the appropriateness of prescribing for UTI (3 studies).

Conclusion:

There is growing evidence to support the role of community pharmacists in antimicrobial prescribing. Future research should explore additional opportunities for pharmacist antimicrobial prescribing and ways to further integrate advanced antimicrobial stewardship strategies in the community setting. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2021;154:xx-xx.
Development and external validation of a composite immune-clinical prognostic model associated with EGFR mutation in East-Asian patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Chengming , Zheng Sufei , Wang Sihui , Wang Xinfeng , Feng Xiaoli , Sun Nan , He Jie
Published: April 2021

Background:

EGFR mutation is a common oncogene driver in East Asians with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), conferring a favorable prognosis with effective targeted therapy. However, the EGFR mutation is a weak predictor of long-term survival. Therefore, a powerful predictive tool is urgently needed to estimate disease prognosis and patient survival for East-Asian patients with LUAD.

Methods:

In this first systematic analysis of the relationships among EGFR mutation, immunophenotype, and prognosis in LUAD samples from East-Asian patients, we constructed a prognostic signature consisting of EGFR-associated immune-related gene pairs (EIGPs). The predictive performance for overall survival (OS) and the clinical significance of this signature were then comprehensively investigated.

Results:

Based on transcriptome data analysis of a training set, we proposed the EIGP index (EIGPI), represented by five EIGPs, which was significantly associated with the OS of East-Asian patients with LUAD. It was also well validated in a test set. Furthermore, the prognostic performance of the EIGPI was further verified using protein levels in an additional independent set. Stratification analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the EIGPI was an independent prognostic factor. When combined with stage, the composite immune-clinical prognostic model index (ICPMI) showed improved prognostic accuracy in all datasets.

Conclusion:

This study was the first to systematically investigate the relationships among EGFR mutation, immunophenotype, and prognosis in East Asians with LUAD and develop a composite clinical and immune model associated with EGFR mutation. This model may be a reliable and promising prognostic tool and help further personalize patient management.
Analyzing Destination Accessibility From the Perspective of Efficiency Among Tourism Origin Countries
Authors: Yen Huang-Ping , Chen Po-Chi , Ho Kung-Cheng
Published: April 2021

The degree of accessibility significantly influences regional tourism flow and the performance of the global tourism industry. However, the tourism industry itself comprises many sectors, and accessibility measurements may not comprehensively incorporate the simultaneous accessibility of corresponding destinations. Moreover, perspectives are still lacking in the analysis of tourism origin countries. Therefore, this study provides a new approach based on network data envelopment analysis and social network analysis to identify potential opportunities among origin countries for accessibility to a given tourism destination. This study focuses on Taiwan as a tourism destination and measures the efficiency of 32 of its acknowledged tourism origin countries. The main finding is that the involvement of tourism intermediaries (such as tour operators and travel agents) is a key factor influencing most tourism origin countries’ performance. However, tourists make the largest contribution to shared output (i.e., tourism expenditures) for most tourism origin countries. Given the expanding knowledge of tourism management, understanding the accessibility of a destination can help destination managers and governments identify tourism opportunities and execute appropriate strategies.
Key Success Factors (KSFs) Underlying the Adoption of Social Media Marketing Technology
Authors: Eze Sunday C. , Chinedu-Eze Vera C. A. , Awa Hart O.
Published: April 2021

In developing world, most decisions by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to adopt social media marketing technology (SMMT) rely heavily on study findings from the Western World without much recourse to cross-context differences in structure and managerial capabilities. Thus, the lack of inquiries that provide complete guideline on the adoption of SMMT in developing economies hinders the development of integrated framework(s) that explains MSMEs’ successful adoption. The study used technology–organization–environment (T-O-E) framework as the theoretical basis to examine the critical factors that stimulate MSMEs adoption of SMMT in Nigeria. The adopted methodological choice was qualitative, involving interviews with 20 participants selected from the online directories via purposive and snowball sampling techniques. However, thematic analysis was the data treatment technique; and the study extended the T-O-E framework to provide an understanding into the dominant factors that specifically influence MSMEs’ adoption, without losing sight of vendors who would rely on the extended framework to get audiences continually satisfied.
“Enthusiastic Admiration Is the First Principle of Knowledge and Its Last”: A Qualitative Study of Admiration for the Famous
Authors: Meng-Lewis Yue , Xian Huiping , Lewis Gavin , Zhao Yupei
Published: April 2021

The concept of fame has been associated with celebrities, wealth, attractiveness, and social recognition. Nevertheless, people have admiration for the famous who may not be celebrities. Admiration is regarded as one of the emotions of appreciation, or moral emotions, triggered by positive appraisals of excellence. It is present when seeing extraordinary displays of skills talent or achievement. However, theoretical and empirical research on admiration and its psychological effects on people are scarce. In this article, we discuss a qualitative study that explores a collection of experiences of admiration for the famous. Based on 26 in-depth interviews with residents in southern England, we explored why people admire famous individuals and how the experience may produce positive attitudes and behaviors. We found that through admiring famous individuals who are perceived to share similar interests and attributes, people may develop positive thinking about their own lives and may be more active in seeking new opportunities or engaging in self-growth. We also discuss the potential problems of admiration. This exploratory research contributes to the literature of positive psychology and has implications for furthering the understanding of people’s well-being.