bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental (FT-IR, Laser-Raman and NMR) and theoretical spectroscopic analysis of 3-[(N-methylanilino)methyl]-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione
Authors: Sert Yusuf , Öztürk Nuri , Al-Omary Fatmah A. M. , Alaşalvar Can , Al-Shehri Mona M. , El-Emam Ali A. , Gökce Halil
Published: March 2017

The structure of a potential bioactive agent namely, 3-[([Formula: see text]-methylanilino)methyl]-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3[Formula: see text]-thione was characterized by proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Laser-Raman spectroscopic techniques. The quantum chemical computations of molecular structures (disorder I and disorder II forms), vibrational wavenumbers, carbon-13 and proton chemical shifts and UV-Vis spectroscopic parameters have been performed with DFT/B3LYP method at 6-311[Formula: see text]G(d,p) basis set. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses have been theoretically examined with the mentioned calculation level. The calculated values have been compared with the recorded experimental data. The computed molecular geometric parameters, vibrational wavenumbers, NMR chemical shifts, and UV-Vis wavelengths have been found to be in a good harmony with the experimental values and spectral results of similar structures in the literature. We believe that the work will be of considerable interest to anyone working in the area of theoretical chemistry, whether in industry or academics.
Recovery of low-rank matrices based on the rank null space properties
Authors: Gao Yi , Han Xuanli , Ma Mingde
Published: March 2017

This paper first discusses the relationship between the rank null space property (NSP) and the nuclear norm minimization. Several versions of the rank NSP, i.e. the stable rank NSP, robust rank NSP and Frobenius robust rank NSP are proposed, and their equivalent forms are derived. At the same time, it is shown that the stable rank NSP is weaker than the rank restricted isometry property (RIP) to recover the low-rank matrices via the nuclear norm minimization. Finally, the rank NSP is extended to the case of Schatten-[Formula: see text] NSP for [Formula: see text], and the solutions to the Schatten-[Formula: see text] quasi-norm minimization are characterized by the different types of Schatten-[Formula: see text] NSP.
Stability switches in a Cohen–Grossberg neural network with multi-delays
Authors: Duan Wenying
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we consider a Cohen–Grossberg neural network with three delays. Regarding time delays as a parameter, we investigate the effect of time delays on its dynamics. We show that there exist stability switches for time delays under certain conditions and the conditions for the existence of periodic oscillations are given by discussing the associated characteristic equation. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the obtained results and interesting network behaviors are observed, such as multiple stability switches of the network equilibrium and synchronous (asynchronous) oscillations.
Voluntary upregulation of reflex cough is possible in healthy older adults and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Brandimore Alexandra E. , Hegland Karen W. , Okun Michael S. , Davenport Paul W. , Troche Michelle S.
Published: March 2017

Cough is an airway-protective mechanism that serves to detect and forcefully eject aspirate material. Existing research has identified the ability of healthy young adults to suppress or modify cough motor output based on external cueing. However, no study has evaluated the ability of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy older adults (HOAs) to upregulate cough motor output. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of people with PD and healthy age-matched controls (HOAs) to upregulate reflex and voluntary cough function volitionally with verbal instruction and visual biofeedback of airflow targets. Sixteen participants with PD and twenty-eight HOAs (56–83 yr old) were recruited for this study. Experimental procedures used spirometry to evaluate 1) baseline reflex cough (evoked with capsaicin) and voluntary sequential cough and 2) reflex and voluntary cough with upregulation biofeedback. Cough airflow was recorded and repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze differences in cough airflow parameters. Cough peak expiratory airflow rate and cough expired volume were significantly greater in the cueing condition for both induced reflex ( P < 0.001) and voluntary cough ( P < 0.001) compared with baseline measures. This is the first study to demonstrate the ability of people with PD and HOAs to upregulate induced reflex and voluntary cough motor output volitionally. These results support the development of studies targeting improved cough effectiveness in patients with airway-protective deficits.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aspiration pneumonia is a leading cause of death in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and results from concurrent dysphagia and dystussia (cough dysfunction). This is the first study to demonstrate that people with PD and healthy age-matched controls can volitionally upregulate induced reflex and voluntary cough effectiveness when presented with novel cueing strategies. Thus targeting upregulation of cough effectiveness via biofeedback may be a viable way to enhance airway protection in people with PD.
Impact of positive pressure ventilation on mean systemic filling pressure in critically ill patients after death
Authors: Repessé Xavier , Charron Cyril , Geri Guillaume , Aubry Alix , Paternot Alexis , Maizel Julien , Slama Michel , Vieillard-Baron Antoine
Published: March 2017

Mean systemic filling pressure (Pms) defines the pressure measured in the venous-arterial system when the cardiac output is nil. Its estimation has been proposed in patients with beating hearts by building the venous return curve, using different pairs of right atrial pressure/cardiac output during mechanical ventilation. We raised the hypothesis according to which the Pmsis altered by tidal ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), which would challenge this extrapolation method based on cardiopulmonary interactions. We conducted a two-center, noninterventional, observational, and prospective study, using an arterial and a venous catheter to measure the pressure in the circulatory system at the time of death in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients with a PEEP. Arterial (Part) and venous pressures (Pra) were recorded in five conditions: at end expiration and end inspiration with and without PEEP and finally once the ventilator was disconnected. Partand Pradid not differ in any experimental conditions. Tidal ventilation increased Praand Partby 2.4 and 1.9 mmHg, respectively, whereas PEEP increased both values by 1.2 and 1 mmHg, respectively. After disconnection of the ventilator, Praand Partwere 10.0 ± 4.2 and 9.9 ± 4.2 mmHg, respectively. Pmsincreases during mechanical ventilation, with an effect of tidal ventilation and PEEP. This calls into question the validity of its evaluation in heart-beating patients using cardiopulmonary interactions during mechanical ventilation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The physiology of the mean systemic filling pressure (Pms) is not well understood in human beings. This study is the first report of a tidal ventilation- and positive end-expiratory pressure-related increase in Pmsin critically ill patients. The results challenge the utility and the value estimating Pmsin heart-beating patients by reconstruction of the venous return curve using varying inflation pressures.
Insulin Receptor and GPCR Crosstalk Stimulates YAP via PI3K and PKD in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Hao Fang , Xu Qinhong , Zhao Yinglan , Stevens Jan V. , Young Steven H. , Sinnett-Smith James , Rozengurt Enrique
Published: March 2017

We examined the impact of crosstalk between the insulin receptor and G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways on the regulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) localization, phosphorylation, and transcriptional activity in the context of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Stimulation of PANC-1 or MiaPaCa-2 cells with insulin and neurotensin, a potent mitogenic combination of agonists for these cells, promoted striking YAP nuclear localization and decreased YAP phosphorylation at Ser127 and Ser397. Challenging PDAC cells with either insulin or neurotensin alone modestly induced the expression of YAP/TEAD–regulated genes, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), and CXCL5, whereas the combination of neurotensin and insulin induced a marked increase in the level of expression of these genes. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of YAP/TAZ prevented the increase in the expression of these genes. A small-molecule inhibitor (A66), selective for the p110α subunit of PI3K, abrogated the increase in phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate production and the expression of CTGF, CYR61, and CXCL5 induced by neurotensin and insulin. Furthermore, treatment of PDAC cells with protein kinase D (PKD) family inhibitors (CRT0066101 or kb NB 142-70) or with siRNAs targeting the PKD family prevented the increase of CTGF, CYR61, and CXCL5 mRNA levels in response to insulin and neurotensin stimulation. Thus, PI3K and PKD mediate YAP activation in response to insulin and neurotensin in pancreatic cancer cells.

Implications: Inhibitors of PI3K or PKD disrupt crosstalk between insulin receptor and GPCR signaling systems by blocking YAP/TEAD–regulated gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 15(7); 929–41. ©2017 AACR.
Interleukin-4 Induces CpG Site-Specific Demethylation of the Pendrin Promoter in Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Scantamburlo Giada , Vanoni Simone , Dossena Silvia , Soyal Selma M. , Bernardinelli Emanuele , Civello Davide Antonio , Patsch Wolfgang , Paulmichl Markus , Nofziger Charity
Published: March 2017

Pendrin is upregulated in bronchial epithelial cells following IL-4 stimulation via binding of STAT6 to an N4 GAS motif. Basal CpG methylation of the pendrin promoter is cell-specific. We studied if a correlation exists between IL-4 sensitivity and the CpG methylation status of the pendrin promoter in human bronchial epithelial cell models. Methods: Real-time PCR and pyrosequencing were used to respectively quantify pendrin mRNA levels and methylation of pendrin promoter, with and without IL-4 stimulation, in healthy and diseased primary HBE cells, as well as NCI-H292 cells. Results: Increases in pendrin mRNA after IL-4 stimulation was more robust in NCI-H292 cells than in primary cells. The amount of gDNA methylated varied greatly between the cell types. In particular, CpG site 90 located near the N4 GAS motif was highly methylated in the primary cells. An additional CpG site (90bis), created by a SNP, was found only in the primary cells. IL-4 stimulation resulted in dramatic demethylation of CpG sites 90 and 90bis in the primary cells. Conclusions: IL-4 induces demethylation of specific CpG sites within the pendrin promoter. These epigenetic alterations are cell type specific, and may in part dictate pendrin mRNA transcription.
Predictors of Lymph Node Metastasis and Prognosis in pT1 Colorectal Cancer Patients with Signet-Ring Cell and Mucinous Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Song Bao-Rong , Xiao Chang-Chun , Wu Zhao-Kun
Published: March 2017

Background/Aims: The local excision of early colorectal cancer is limited by the presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Signet-ring cell carcinomas (SRC) and mucinous adenocarcinomas (MAC) are two relatively infrequent histological subtypes. However, little is known about the predictors of LNM and prognosis to support the feasibility of local excision in early-stage SRC and MAC. Methods: The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database were used to identify all patients with pT1 adenocarcinomas, including conventional adenocarcinoma (AC), MAC, and SRC. The prevalence of LNM was assessed, and the long-term survival rate in the above three types of colorectal cancer was calculated. Results: SRC accounted for 0.3% and MAC accounted for 4.4% of the entire cohort of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Compared to AC, MRC and SRC were more often located in the proximal colon, and exhibited a higher grade. The incidence of LNM in AC, MAC, and SRC was 10.6%, 17.2%, and 33.3% for colon cancers and 14.8%, 25.9%, and 46.2% for rectal cancers, respectively. In patients with lymph nodes resected no less than 12, incidence of LNM in AC, MRC, and SRC was 12%, 21%, and 44% for colon tumors and 17%, 30%, and 14% for rectal tumors, respectively. Although, colon patients MAC showed an entirely worse survival rate than AC, rectum patients MAC showed a similar prognosis to AC. We found that in patients with rectal tumors, SRC had a worse 3 and 5-year prognosis than AC. However, for colon cancers, the prognosis of SRC was similar to that of AC. Histology was not found to be an independent prognostic factor in multivariate survival analysis. Conclusions: MAC and SRC are two distinct subtypes of colorectal cancer that require special attention despite their relatively rare prevalence. pT1 patients with SRC of the rectum and patients with MAC of the colon have higher incidences of LNM, and with these adverse outcomes, local excision is not recommended. AlthoughMAC of the rectum and SRC of colon have a high rate of LNM, the prognosis of these types are similar to that of AC.
Homocysteine and Stroke Risk
Authors: Zhao Min , Wang Xiaobin , He Mingli , Qin Xianhui , Tang Genfu , Huo Yong , Li Jianping , Fu Jia , Huang Xiao , Cheng Xiaoshu , Wang Binyan , Hou Fan Fan , Sun Ningling , Cai Yefeng
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—

Elevated blood homocysteine concentration increases the risk of stroke, especially among hypertensive individuals. Homocysteine is largely affected by the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and folate status. Among hypertensive patients, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the association between homocysteine and stroke can be modified by the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and folic acid intervention.

Methods—

We analyzed the data of 20 424 hypertensive adults enrolled in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. The participants, first stratified by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype, were randomly assigned to receive double-blind treatments of 10-mg enalapril and 0.8-mg folic acid or 10-mg enalapril only. The participants were followed up for a median of 4.5 years.

Results—

In the control group, baseline log-transformed homocysteine was associated with an increased risk of first stroke among participants with the CC/CT genotype (hazard ratio, 3.1; 1.1–9.2), but not among participants with the TT genotype (hazard ratio, 0.7; 0.2–2.1), indicating a significant gene–homocysteine interaction (
P
=0.008). In the folic acid intervention group, homocysteine showed no significant effect on stroke regardless of genotype. Consistently, folic acid intervention significantly reduced stroke risk in participants with CC/CT genotypes and high homocysteine levels (tertile 3; hazard ratio, 0.73; 0.55–0.97).

Conclusions—

In Chinese hypertensive patients, the effect of homocysteine on the first stroke was significantly modified by the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genotype and folic acid supplementation. Such information may help to more precisely predict stroke risk and develop folic acid interventions tailored to individual genetic background and nutritional status.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00794885.
Paphiopedilum notatisepalum, a new species of slipper orchid (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae) from China based on morphological and DNA evidence
Authors: WANG MEINA , LAN SI-REN , LIU ZHONG-JIAN
Published: March 2017

A new species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae) from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Morphological comparisons indicate that the new species P. notatisepalum is highly similar to P. henryanum, from which it differs by its leaves with large yellow spots, shorter scape, larger flower, ovate, white sepals and petals that are pale purple-red with large purple spots and yellow-white margins. Molecular analyses of combined nuclear and plastid datasets (nrITS and matK) indicate that P. notatisepalum is sister to P. barbigerum, which has a green leaves and pale yellow-green sepals and petals. The morphological and molecular evidence support the hypothesis that P. notatisepalum is a new species.
Nonmeteorological Influences on Severe Thunderstorm Warning Issuance: A Geographically Weighted Regression-Based Analysis of County Warning Area Boundaries, Land Cover, and Demographic Variables
Authors: White Megan L. , Stallins J. Anthony
Published: March 2017

Studies have shown that the spatial distribution of severe thunderstorm warnings demonstrates variation beyond what can be attributed to weather and climate alone. Investigating spatial patterns of these variations can provide insight into nonmeteorological factors that might lead forecasters to issue warnings. Geographically weighted regression was performed on a set of demographic and land cover descriptors to ascertain their relationships with National Weather Service (NWS) severe thunderstorm warning polygons issued by 36 NWS forecast offices in the central and southeastern United States from 2008 to 2015. County warning area (CWA) boundaries and cities were predominant sources of variability in warning counts. Global explained variance in verified and unverified severe thunderstorm warnings ranged from 67% to 81% for population, median income, and percent imperviousness across the study area, which supports the spatial influence of these variables on warning issuance. Local regression coefficients indicated that verified and unverified warning counts increased disproportionately in larger cities relative to the global trend, particularly for NWS weather forecast office locations. However, local explained variance tended to be lower in cities, possibly due to greater complexity of social and economic factors shaping warning issuance. Impacts of thunderstorm type and anthropogenic modification of existing storms should also be considered when interpreting the results of this study.
Violating Work-Family Boundaries: Reactions to Interruptions at Work and Home
Authors: Hunter Emily M. , Clark Malissa A. , Carlson Dawn S.
Published: March 2017

Our study builds on recent trends to understand the work-family interface through daily experiences of boundary management. In particular, we investigated boundary violations, or events in which family life breaches the boundary of work and vice versa. Our purpose was to enlighten the process between violations and relevant outcomes, building on the foundations of affective events theory and boundary theory. Specifically, we aim to (1) tease apart boundary violations at work and at home from the established construct of work-family conflict, (2) explore the affective events theory process through which cognitive and affective reactions to boundary violation events contribute to work-family conflict and satisfaction, and (3) examine positive and negative reactions to boundary violations. Findings from a 2-week daily diary study of 121 employed participants partially supported our predictions. Boundary violations contributed to general perceptions of work-family conflict both directly and indirectly through cognitive appraisals of thwarted goals and, in the work domain, negative affective reactions. Violations were also related to satisfaction through goal appraisal. Finally, benefits in the form of positive affect were found from boundary violations due to facilitated goals in the interrupting domain.
Biatrial connection of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return
Authors: Watanabe Naruhito , Fallah Hessam , Pugh Colton , Nasirov Teimour
Published: March 2017

We describe an extremely rare case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return in a 3-year-old boy with an abnormal connection between the right upper pulmonary vein and the right middle pulmonary vein, which created biatrial communication hemodynamically. Patch closure on the orifice of the right upper pulmonary vein was performed to avoid distortion or kinking of the right pulmonary veins and the connection.
The re-signification of state-funded community development in Ireland: A problem of austerity and neoliberal government
Authors: Meade Rosie R.
Published: March 2017

This article analyses the changing rationalities and techniques through which the Irish state seeks to govern community development; specifically, how the displacement of its flagship Community Development Programme by the Social Inclusion and Community Activation Programme has been justified and operationalised. Adopting a governmentality perspective, it explains how community development came to be constructed as an anti-poverty strategy and why it should also be understood as a ‘technology of government’. This article argues that the changing governmentalities shaping Irish community development are reflected in a re-problematisation and re-signification of community development’s purposes, rationalities and sources of legitimacy. Under the cover of austerity’s manufactured public spending crisis and new forms of expertise, preoccupations with effectiveness, efficiency and international best practice have intensified, thus demonstrating ongoing incursions by neoliberal ideas and practices in Irish Social Policy.
Clinical feasibility of simultaneous multi-slice imaging with blipped-CAIPI for diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion-tensor imaging of the brain
Authors: Yokota Hajime , Sakai Koji , Tazoe Jun , Goto Mariko , Imai Hiroshi , Teramukai Satoshi , Yamada Kei
Published: March 2017

Background

Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging is starting to be used in clinical situation, although evidence of clinical feasibility is scanty.

Purpose

To prospectively assess the clinical feasibility of SMS diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) with blipped-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging for brain lesions.

Material and Methods

The institutional review board approved this study. This study included 156 hyperintense lesions on DWI from 32 patients. A slice acceleration factor of 2 was applied for SMS scans, which allowed shortening of the scan time by 41.3%. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated for brain tissue of a selected slice. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated in 36 hyperintense lesions with a diameter of three pixels or more. Visual assessment was performed for all 156 lesions. Tractography of the corticospinal tract of 29 patients was evaluated. The number of tracts and averaged tract length were used for quantitative analysis, and visual assessment was evaluated by grading.

Results

The SMS scan showed no bias and acceptable 95% limits of agreement compared to conventional scans in SNR, CNR, and ADC on Bland–Altman analyses. Only FA of the lesions was higher in the SMS scan by 9% ( P = 0.016), whereas FA of the surrounding tissues was similar. Quantitative analysis of tractography showed similar values. Visual assessment of DWI hyperintense lesions and tractography also resulted in comparable evaluation.

Conclusion

SMS imaging was clinically feasible for imaging quality and quantitative values compared with conventional DWI and DTI.
Animal geographies II
Authors: Hovorka Alice J.
Published: March 2017

Hybridizing animal geographies scholarship encourages creative conversations among geography sub-disciplines and generates holistic knowledge of human-animal relations. This article surveys existing trends in ‘hybridity’ as a foundational concept emerging from animal geographies primarily located within human realms of geography. Fully operationalizing hybridity requires affective engagements with animals through interdisciplinary investigations of animal agency, behaviours and experiences. To this end, this article explores how animal research in geography may benefit from further extension into human-environment geographies, physical geographies and geomatics to capitalize on hybridity as both concept and practice.
Prospective Evaluation of Surgical Treatment of Humeral Avulsions of the Glenohumeral Ligament
Authors: Provencher Matthew T. , McCormick Frank , LeClere Lance , Sanchez George , Golijanin Petar , Anthony Shawn , Dewing Christopher B.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) is an infrequent but significant contributor to shoulder dysfunction, instability, and functional loss.

Purpose:

To prospectively identify patients with HAGL lesions and then conduct retrospective evaluation of the clinical history, examination findings, and surgical outcomes of these patients.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Over a 6-year period (2006-2011), patients with shoulder dysfunction and a HAGL lesion that was confirmed via magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA) were prospectively evaluated with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patient demographics, presentation, examination, and surgical findings were documented. Outcomes of return to activity as well as Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores were recorded at final follow-up. Anterior HAGL (aHAGL) lesions were repaired with a partial subscapularis tenotomy approach, while reverse (rHAGL) lesions were repaired arthroscopically.

Results:

Of 28 patients, 27 (96%) completed the study requirements at a mean of 36.2 months (range, 24-68 months). The sample contained 12 females (44%) and 15 males (56%), who had a mean age of 24.9 years (range, 18-34 years). The chief complaint reported was pain in 23 patients (85%), while only 4 (15%) patients complained primarily of recurrent instability symptoms. Fourteen patients (52%) had aHAGL lesions, 10 patients (37%) had rHAGL lesions, and 3 patients (11%) had combined aHAGL and rHAGL lesions. Ten patients (37%) had concomitant HAGL lesions and labral tears, whereas 17 patients (63%) had isolated HAGL lesion without labral tear. The 17 patients (63%) with aHAGL lesions or combined lesions underwent a partial subscapularis tenotomy approach, while the remaining 10 patients (37%) with rHAGL lesions underwent arthroscopic surgical repair. After surgery, WOSI outcomes improved from 54% to 88% and SANE outcomes improved from 50% to 91% ( P < .01 for both), with no reports in recurrence of instability symptoms at final follow-up.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that patients with symptomatic HAGL lesions predominantly report shoulder pain and dysfunction, with few chief complaints of recurrent instability complaints. After surgery, patients showed predictable return to full activity, improvement in objective and patient-reported outcomes, and satisfaction with treatment outcome.
Enteral Feeding Set Handling Techniques
Authors: Lyman Beth , Williams Maria , Sollazzo Janet , Hayden Ashley , Hensley Pam , Dai Hongying , Roberts Cristine
Published: March 2017

Background: Enteral nutrition therapy is common practice in pediatric clinical settings. Often patients will receive a pump‐assisted bolus feeding over 30 minutes several times per day using the same enteral feeding set (EFS). This study aims to determine the safest and most efficacious way to handle the EFS between feedings. Methods: Three EFS handling techniques were compared through simulation for bacterial growth, nursing time, and supply costs: (1) rinsing the EFS with sterile water after each feeding, (2) refrigerating the EFS between feedings, and (3) using a ready‐to‐hang (RTH) product maintained at room temperature. Cultures were obtained at baseline, hour 12, and hour 21 of the 24‐hour cycle. A time‐in‐motion analysis was conducted and reported in average number of seconds to complete each procedure. Supply costs were inventoried for 1 month comparing the actual usage to our estimated usage. Results: Of 1080 cultures obtained, the overall bacterial growth rate was 8.7%. The rinse and refrigeration techniques displayed similar bacterial growth (11.4% vs 10.3%, P = .63). The RTH technique displayed the least bacterial growth of any method (4.4%, P = .002). The time analysis in minutes showed the rinse method was the most time‐consuming (44.8 ± 2.7) vs refrigeration (35.8 ± 2.6) and RTH (31.08 ± 0.6) (P < .0001). Conclusions: All 3 EFS handling techniques displayed low bacterial growth. RTH was superior in bacterial growth, nursing time, and supply costs. Since not all pediatric formulas are available in RTH, we conclude that refrigerating the EFS between uses is the next most efficacious method for handling the EFS between bolus feeds.
Transpyloric Feeding Tube Placement Using Electromagnetic Placement Device in Children
Authors: Goggans Margaret , Pickard Sharon , West Alina Nico , Shah Samir , Kimura Dai
Published: March 2017

Background: Transpyloric feeding tubes (TPT) are often recommended in critically ill children. Blind tube placement, however, can be difficult, be time‐consuming, and incur multiple radiation exposures. An electromagnetic device (EMD) is available for confirmation of successful placement of TPTs. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the efficacy of an EMD for TPT placement in children and determine its impact on placement success, radiation exposure, confirmation time, and cost for tube placement compared with traditional blind TPT placement. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data were collected in patients receiving a TPT before (pre‐EMD group) and after implementation of an EMD (EMD group). Results: Need for radiographic exposure decreased significantly in the EMD group (n = 40) compared with the pre‐EMD group (n = 38) (0.6 vs 1.6 x‐rays, P < .001). TPTs were placed and confirmed without abdominal x‐ray in 21 of 40 patients in the EMD group. There were no serious adverse events such as misplacement into the lung or pneumothorax or perforation injury of the stomach. Successful tube confirmation took a significantly shorter time in the EMD group than in the pre‐EMD group (1.45 vs 4.59 hours, P < .0001). There was an estimated cost savings of $245.10 per placement associated with decreased x‐ray and fluoroscopy. Conclusion: The use of an EMD in children significantly decreased radiation exposure and confirmation time while maintaining TPT placement success. The use of an EMD can potentially offer large cost savings. Elimination of abdominal x‐ray with EMD during TPT placement was achieved without any serious complications in approximately half of the children.
Indicators for Enteral Nutrition Use and Prophylactic Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: van der Linden Nina C. , Kok Annemieke , Leermakers‐Vermeer Marja J. , de Roos Nicole M. , de Bree Remco , van Cruijsen Hester , Terhaard Chris H. J.
Published: March 2017

Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a major risk factor for malnutrition and dehydration in patients with head and neck cancer. Enteral support is often needed, and a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is frequently placed. Specific indicators for PEG placement remain unclear. This study retrospectively determined which factors contributed to enteral nutrition (EN) use and PEG placement in a large patient group to gain insight on potential indicators for PEG placement protocol creation. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 240 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent CRT in 2012–2015 was conducted. Lifestyle, oncological, treatment, and nutrition outcome characteristics were examined and compared between patients who used EN and those who did not, as well as between patients who received a PEG and those who did not. Results: In total, 195 patients used EN (via PEG or nasogastric tube). Multivariate analysis showed that nodal disease presence (P = .01) and bilateral neck irradiation (P = .01) were significantly related to EN use while increased age (P = .01), nodal disease presence (P = .02), reconstruction extent other than primary closure (P = .02), bilateral neck irradiation (P < .01), and an adapted intake consistency prior to treatment (P = .03) were significantly related to PEG placement. Conclusion: Important factors for EN usage and PEG placement consideration include nodal disease and planned bilateral neck irradiation. Results from this study in combination with existing literature can be taken into consideration in the design of a PEG placement protocol. A better understanding of predictive indicators to PEG placement should be explored in further prospective studies.
Response Surface Optimization in Discharge Printing of Denim Using Potassium Permanganate as Oxidative Agent
Authors: Siddique Amna , Hussain Tanveer , Ibrahim Waseem , Raza Zulfiqar Ali , Abid Sharjeel , Nazir Ahsan
Published: March 2017

The present study was carried out to optimize discharge printing process for fashionable denim garments. Response surface methodology, involving a central composite design with three key factors, namely, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) concentration, pH of the printing paste, and reaction time, was successfully employed. The objective of this work was to develop a cost-effective, value-added process for denim fabric, where losses in tensile and tear strengths were to be minimized, while whiteness effect of discharge was to be maximized. The optimum conditions for discharge printing with potassium permanganate were found to be pH 6, KMnO4 concentration of 42 g/kg, and treatment time of 15 min. The validity of experimental values was found to be in good agreement with optimized combination of three variables.
Psychologically Informed Implementations of Sugary-Drink Portion Limits
Authors: John Leslie K. , Donnelly Grant E. , Roberto Christina A.
Published: March 2017

In 2012, the New York City Board of Health prohibited restaurants from selling sugary drinks in containers that would hold more than 16 oz. Although a state court ruled that the Board of Health did not have the authority to implement such a policy, it remains a legally viable option for governments and a voluntary option for restaurants. However, there is very limited empirical data on how such a policy might affect the purchasing and consumption of sugary drinks. We report four well-powered, incentive-compatible experiments in which we evaluated two possible ways that restaurants might comply with such a policy: bundling (i.e., dividing the contents of oversized cups into two regulation-size cups) and providing free refills (i.e., offering a regulation-size cup with unlimited refills). Bundling caused people to buy less soda. Free refills increased consumption, especially when a waiter served the refills. This perverse effect was reduced in self-service contexts that required walking just a few steps to get a refill.
Political Orientation Predicts Credulity Regarding Putative Hazards
Authors: Fessler Daniel M. T. , Pisor Anne C. , Holbrook Colin
Published: March 2017

To benefit from information provided by other people, people must be somewhat credulous. However, credulity entails risks. The optimal level of credulity depends on the relative costs of believing misinformation and failing to attend to accurate information. When information concerns hazards, erroneous incredulity is often more costly than erroneous credulity, given that disregarding accurate warnings is more harmful than adopting unnecessary precautions. Because no equivalent asymmetry exists for information concerning benefits, people should generally be more credulous of hazard information than of benefit information. This adaptive negatively biased credulity is linked to negativity bias in general and is more prominent among people who believe the world to be more dangerous. Because both threat sensitivity and beliefs about the dangerousness of the world differ between conservatives and liberals, we predicted that conservatism would positively correlate with negatively biased credulity. Two online studies of Americans supported this prediction, potentially illuminating how politicians’ alarmist claims affect different portions of the electorate.
Bloody technology: the sphygmograph in asylum practice
Authors: Wallis Jennifer
Published: March 2017

The sphygmograph, an instrument to measure and visually chart the pulse, was used by a number of asylum researchers in the late nineteenth century in an attempt to better understand mental disease. In charting the use of such a medical technology in the asylum, this article explores the utility of a practice-oriented approach in the history of psychiatry – as a window onto the alienist profession and as a means of investigating how new medical technologies were assimilated into everyday practice.
Evaluation of the ACR and SLICC classification criteria in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Lythgoe H , Morgan T , Heaf E , Lloyd O , Al-Abadi E , Armon K , Bailey K , Davidson J , Friswell M , Gardner-Medwin J , Haslam K , Ioannou Y , Leahy A , Leone V , Pilkington C , Rangaraj S , Riley P , Tizard E J , Wilkinson N , Beresford M W
Published: March 2017

Objectives

The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) group proposed revised classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLICC-2012 criteria). This study aimed to compare these criteria with the well-established American College of Rheumatology classification criteria (ACR-1997 criteria) in a national cohort of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) patients and evaluate how patients’ classification criteria evolved over time.

Methods

Data from patients in the UK JSLE Cohort Study with a senior clinician diagnosis of probable evolving, or definite JSLE, were analyzed. Patients were assessed using both classification criteria within 1 year of diagnosis and at latest follow up (following a minimum 12-month follow-up period).

Results

A total of 226 patients were included. The SLICC-2012 was more sensitive than ACR-1997 at diagnosis (92.9% versus 84.1% p < 0.001) and after follow up (100% versus 92.0% p < 0.001). Most patients meeting the SLICC-2012 criteria and not the ACR-1997 met more than one additional criterion on the SLICC-2012.

Conclusions

The SLICC-2012 was better able to classify patients with JSLE than the ACR-1997 and did so at an earlier stage in their disease course. SLICC-2012 should be considered for classification of JSLE patients in observational studies and clinical trial eligibility.
Bletchley Park and the Development of the Rockex Cipher Systems: Building a Technocratic Culture, 1941–1945
Authors: Smith Christopher
Published: March 2017

In 1943 Britain’s security experts began to investigate the development of new cipher machine technologies. This resulted in the creation of the initial projects to construct the Rockex family of cipher systems. The development of the systems marked a major step in the building of a technocratic culture within Britain’s primary wartime cryptanalysis agency, the Government Code and Cypher School housed at Bletchley Park. This article explores the evolution of Bletchley Park’s wartime technocratic culture and utilizes the Rockex project as a case study; moreover it establishes the importance of the project as a catalyst of further institutional cultural change.
False Start: Britain and Coalition Warfare in 1794
Authors: Jarrett Nathaniel W.
Published: March 2017

This article analyses Britain’s struggle to conduct warfare as a member of a coalition during the first war against Revolutionary France. It focuses on Anglo-Austrian planning in the winter of 1793–4 and the effort to implement these plans in the spring of 1794. Scholars have attributed the coalition’s defeat in Flanders to Austro-Prussian distractions in Poland and the botched British attempt to supersede this through subsidies. In contrast, this article illustrates that delays in planning, preparations, and operations hamstrung the coalition’s 1794 campaign in Flanders in the spring, before the diplomatic and military reversals of the summer.
A Majority Group’s Perspective-taking Towards a Minority Group
Authors: Mashuri Ali , Zaduqisti Esti , Ula Miftahul
Published: March 2017

This research investigates the impact of perspective-taking on a majority group’s support for government action to help a minority group. Data among a sample of Indonesian Muslims ( N = 380), representing a religious majority group in Indonesia, showed that perspective-taking was a strong positive predictor of Muslims’ support for government action to help Christian minority. Relative Muslim prototypicality vis-à-vis Christians depressed perspective-taking. Contrariwise, inclusive victimhood reflecting a perception that Muslims are equally afflicted relative to Christians in intergroup conflicts, involving both groups, promoted perspective-taking. Relative Muslim prototypicality was augmented by the extent to which this majority group glorified Islam and was motivated to protect Islamic power. However, inclusive victimhood instead attenuated relative Muslim prototypicality. These findings suggest the importance of enhancing inclusive victimhood, given its impact in promoting perspective-taking which is beneficial to the majority’s support for minority helping.
Community Participation or Manufactured Consent? Strategies for Implementation of Drinking Water Project ‘Jalanidhi’ in Kerala (India)
Authors: Govind Madhav , Babu Abhilash
Published: March 2017

The present study explains how the state engages with the dominant groups in the community and how people’s consent is manufactured to legitimize the implementation of the project. On the basis of focus group discussion with beneficiaries and informal interview of implementing actors, the study shows that people’s responses towards ‘Jalanidhi’ vary as per their socio-economic positions in the society. While the middle and the upper class people were generally favouring the project, the poor and weaker sections were strongly opposing the idea of user charge for drinking water. The middle class viewed the user charge for drinking water as ‘normal’ and more efficient compared to the state-driven supply; the lower class, especially those who belonged to the scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST), viewed it as a violation of their rights.

Yet, they were denied any alternative to the neoliberal agenda of community-based drinking water supply and were forced to conform to the project. The study focuses on using the insights developed by Michel Foucault. His genealogical analysis offers tools to understand the forms of power relations at the grassroots. The study uses ‘Jalanidhi’ as a context to examine these concepts and shows how it can be used to understand the processes that lead to the social acceptance of commodification of natural resources like water.
Antianginal Therapy for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Padala Santosh K. , Lavelle Michael P. , Sidhu Mandeep S. , Cabral Katherine P. , Morrone Doralisa , Boden William E. , Toth Peter P.
Published: March 2017

Chronic angina pectoris is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, especially if treated suboptimally. For many patients, aggressive pharmacologic intervention is necessary in order to alleviate anginal symptoms. The optimal treatment of stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) should be the prevention of angina and ischemia, with the goal of maximizing both quality and quantity of life. In addition to effective risk factor modification with lifestyle changes, intensive pharmacologic secondary prevention is the therapeutic cornerstone in managing patients with SIHD. Current guidelines recommend a multifaceted therapeutic approach with β-blockers as first-line treatment. Another important pharmacologic intervention for managing SIHD is nitrates. Nitrates can provide both relief of acute angina and can be used prophylactically before exposure to known triggers of myocardial ischemia to prevent angina. Additional therapeutic options include calcium channel blockers and ranolazine, an inhibitor of the late inward sodium current, that can be used alone or in addition to nitrates or β-blockers when these agents fail to alleviate symptoms. Ranolazine appears to be particularly effective for patients with microvascular angina and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, certain antianginal therapies are approved in Europe and have been shown to improve symptoms, including ivabradine, nicorandil, and trimetazidine; however, these have yet to be approved in the United States. Ultimately, there are several different medications available to the physician for managing the patient with SIHD having chronic angina, when either used alone or in combination. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important therapeutic approaches to optimizing contemporary treatment in response to individual patient needs.
(Meth)Acrylate Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Nail Salon Workers: A Case Series
Authors: DeKoven Samuel , DeKoven Joel , Holness D. Linn
Published: March 2017

Background:

Recently, many cases of acrylate-associated allergic contact dermatitis have appeared among nail salon workers. Common acrylate-containing products in nail salons include traditional nail polish, ultraviolet-cured shellac nail polish, ultraviolet-cured gel nails, and press-on acrylic nails.

Methods:

Nail salon technicians seen in the occupational medicine clinic in 2015 and 2016 were identified, and their patch test results and clinical features were summarized. Patch testing was done with the Chemotechnique (Meth)Acrylate nail series, and either the North American Standard series or the North American Contact Dermatitis Group screening series.

Results:

Six patients were identified, all women, ages 38 to 58. Common presentations included erythematous dermatitis of the dorsa of the hands, palms, and forearms and fissures on the fingertips. Less common sites of eruptions included the periorbital region, cheeks, posterior ears, neck, sacral area, lateral thighs, and dorsa of the feet. All patients reacted to hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 5 patients reacted to ethyl acrylate. Each patient also reacted to (meth)acrylates that are not found on either standard series, including ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate.

Conclusions:

The authors report 6 cases of allergic contact dermatitis to acrylates in nail technicians seen over the past year, representing a new trend in their clinic. These cases are reflective of a growing trend of nail technicians with allergic contact dermatitis associated with occupational (meth)acrylate exposure. Efforts to improve prevention are needed.
Troubling transnational feminism(s): Theorising activist praxis
Authors: Conway Janet M.
Published: March 2017

This article identifies a misfit between transnational feminist networks observed at the World Social Forum and the extant scholarship on transnational feminism. The conceptual divide is posited as one between transnational feminism understood, on the one hand, as a normative discourse involving a particular analytic and methodological approach in feminist knowledge production and, on the other, as an empirical referent to feminist cross-border organising. The author proposes that the US-based and Anglophone character of the scholarship, its post-structuralist and post-colonial genealogies and the transnational paradigm’s displacement of area studies can be seen as contributing to the misfit. The article concludes by arguing for theoretical reconsideration of activist practice, place and the ‘posts’ – post-structuralism and post-colonialism – in the study of contemporary transnational feminist activisms. This marks an effort to get beyond the binary framework of ‘transnational feminism’ versus ‘global sisterhood’ in analysing activist practices within an increasingly diverse and complex transnational feminist field.