bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF DIAPHRAGMATIC MYOFASCIAL RELEASE VERSUS DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING IN POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
Authors: Tahir Hifza , Tahir Fizah , Iqbal Fatima , Tariq Faiza , Tahir Iqra , Dastgeer Ghulam , Asim Hafiz Ali Bin
Published: January 2025

Background: GERD is a short form of “Gastro esophageal Reflux Disease”. It is a condition characterized by backflow of food particles from stomach to food pipe and associated symptoms.
Objective: To determine the comparative effects of Diaphragmatic breathing exercises and diaphragm atic myofascial release in post-operative patients diagnosed with GERD.
Methodology:  We distributed participants through clinical trial. Postoperative patients diagnosed with GERD were studied. Sample size was 28. Patients were allocated to two treatment groups A and B by lottery method. Group A was treated with diaphragmatic myofascial release and Group B was treated with diaphragmatic breathing exercise. Reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) was used as primary outcome measure for GERD. The secondary outcome measure was gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS)
Result: A cross group analysis revealed that there was statistical significant difference in post treatment values of GSRS and RDQ, with p values of 0.001and 0.001 respectively.
Conclusion: Diaphragmatic myofascial release is more effective than diaphragmatic breathing exercises in reducing the severity of GERD symptoms and improving quality of life in postoperative patients diagnosed with GERD.
Spor Lisesi Öğrencilerinin İlk Yardım ve Temel Yaşam Desteği Konularındaki Bilgi Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yüksel Çaylak Nazan , Aydemir Azize , Ayyıldız Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırma ile spor lisesi öğrencilerinin ilk yardım ve temel yaşam desteği konusundaki bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Metot: Araştırmaya 224 Spor lisesi öğrencisi katılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anket, öğrenci tanıtımı, temel yaşam desteği bilgi düzeyi ve ilk yardım bilgi düzeyi olmak üzere üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Her bir bölümde 12 soru vardır. Ayrıca bilgi düzeyi soruları Amerikan Kalp Derneği ve Avrupa Resusitasyon Konseyi 2015 kılavuzları ışığında hazırlanmıştır.
Bulgular: Spor lisesi öğrencilerin %97,3’ünün ilkyardım ve %100’ünün temel yaşam desteği uygulamalarına ilişkin bilgi düzeyinin düşük (0-69p) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin %50,4’ü daha önce ilkyardım eğitimi almış ve %59,8’i İlkyardım ve Temel Yaşam Desteği uygulama konusunda kendilerini yeterli ve kısmen yeterli hissetseler de bunu bilgileri ile kanıtlayamamışlardır. Hayati bulguların kontrolü, Temel Yaşam Desteği uygulama sırası, suni solunum uygularken nefes verme süresi ve geri dönüşümsüz beyin hasarı süresi gibi teknik ve uygulamalı eğitimin gerekli olduğu konularda öğrenciler başarısız, nabız kontrolü, kanama durdurma yöntemleri ve kene ısırmasında ilkyardım uygulama konularında daha başarılı olmuşlardır.
Sonuç : Spor lisesi öğrencilerinin ilkyardım ve Temel Yaşam Desteği bilgi düzeyinin düşük olduğu ve bu durumun farkında oldukları tespit edilmiştir. İlkyardım eğitiminin teorik ve uygulamalı olarak yetkin eğitmenler tarafından verilmesi bilgilerin kalıcılığı ve uygulanabilirliğine fayda sağlayacaktır.
Efecto de la temperatura sobre la cinética de corrosión en una unión soldada de acero TRIP con metal de aporte de acero inoxidable
Authors: Rodríguez Zarco José Joel , Reyes Calderón Francisco , Alcantar Mondragón Nereyda
Published: January 2025

En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de la experimentación realizada mediante la evaluación del comportamiento sobre la cinética de corrosión en una unión de acero TRIP con metal de aportación de acero inoxidable 308L aplicada al sector de automoción con diferentes temperaturas, centrándose en la acción de la corrosión inducida y la pasivación que genera el material. La experimentación parte de la soldadura del material de aportación en un pulido de 10 cm x 8 cm x 0,8 cm, con unos parámetros de soldadura de 25V,165Amp, aporte térmico 255,8 y una velocidad de avance de 12,9mm/s. Una vez realizada la soldadura, la pieza fue cortada para poder ensamblarla, caracterizarla y pasar a la etapa experimental en las soluciones donde se realizaron las pruebas a diferentes concentraciones de 0.5mol, 1.0mol y 1.5mol, y sometidas a 25°C, 50°C y 70°C, realizando una prueba a 25°C. 50°C y 70°C, realizando un total de nueve experimentos arrojando resultados que permitieron la comparación entre cada una de las pruebas, donde si bien se encontraron picaduras en el acero, estas no comprometieron la integridad de la pieza, la capa de óxido superficial no se vio afectada en el material. Con base en los gráficos obtenidos, las diferentes concentraciones de la solución presentaron variaciones en las zonas de activación y en la velocidad de corrosión, afectando de manera diferente las zonas catódicas. Por lo tanto, las capas de óxido en el acero y en la soldadura eran superficiales y desaparecieron al preparar la muestra, lo que indica que no se produjeron daños internos significativos.
Inégalités de type Remez dans le plan
Authors:   Université de Ségou, FAGES, KONATE Siaka , KOITA Mahamet ,   Université de Ségou, IUFP
Published: December 2024

We obtain a sharp upper bound on the modulus of a complex polynomial ppzq at any
boundary point of a domain G € C bounded, the area of the subset of G, where |ppzq| ¤ 1,
is known.
Remez’s inequality makes it possible to give an increase on the supremum norms of certain
polynomials, the increase being reached by the Chebyshev polynomials.
Similar inequalities have been proven for different classes of functions. an important example
is the Nazarov inequality for exponential sums.
One of the corollaries of the Remez inequality is the Pòlya inequality which states that the
Lebesgue measure of a set of sublevels of a polynomial of degree n is bounded according to
its dominant coefficient.
Keywords : Remez inequalities, Polynomial, Green’s function.
Strategi Pengembangan Profesionalisme Pendidik di Era Digital
Authors: Efendi Sumardi , Ramli Ramli , Zulhendra Danil
Published: January 2025

Di era digital, pendidikan mengalami transformasi yang signifikan, menuntut pendidik untuk terus mengembangkan profesionalisme mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis strategi efektif dalam pengembangan profesionalisme pendidik di era digital. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pustaka, yang melibatkan analisis kritis terhadap literatur yang relevan, termasuk buku, artikel ilmiah, dan laporan terkait. Fokus analisis meliputi penguasaan teknologi pendidikan, penerapan metode pengajaran inovatif, serta dukungan institusi dan kebijakan yang mendukung pengembangan keprofesian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan berkelanjutan, pengembangan literasi digital, dan integrasi teknologi dalam kurikulum adalah komponen kunci dalam pengembangan profesionalisme pendidik. Selain itu, komunitas praktik dan mentoring juga terbukti efektif dalam mendukung pendidik untuk mengatasi tantangan dan berbagi praktik terbaik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan holistik yang mencakup berbagai aspek teknologi, pedagogi, dan dukungan sosial untuk memfasilitasi pengembangan profesionalisme pendidik. Dengan strategi yang tepat dan dukungan yang memadai, pendidik dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan mereka, sehingga mampu memberikan pendidikan yang relevan dan berkualitas tinggi di era digital. Penelitian ini juga menggarisbawahi pentingnya kebijakan yang mendukung dan investasi dalam infrastruktur teknologi untuk memastikan akses yang adil bagi semua pendidik dan siswa.
Pendidikan Bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus
Authors: Dahri Dahri , SH Hendra
Published: January 2025

Pendidikan yang diterima oleh anak berkebutuhan khusus berbeda dengan pendidikan yang didapatkan oleh anak-anak normal lainnya. Pendidikan anak berkebutuhan khusus harus memperhatikan kecenderungan dan keterbatasan yang dimiliki. Melalui kajian literatur, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak berkebutuhan khusus membutuhkan pola pendidikan yang  berbeda dari anak normal lainya. Selain treatment khusus, mereka juga perlu diberikan terapi untuk mengoptimalkan kelebihan dan meminimalkan keterbatasannya.
Do “desconforto” ao encontro comigo mesma
Authors: Almeida Luiza Nascimento
Published: January 2025

The objective of this article is to provide an analysis of moments in the history of Ethnomusicology, during and following its inception, particularly when applied to Africa and the African diaspora. This analysis draws on authors from Brazil and abroad who have addressed this subject, specifically those who have situated it within the scope of ethno-racial relations – e.g., Kofi Agawu from Ghana, Mhoze Chikowero from Zimbabwe – thereby highlighting power relations with their asymmetries.  Such asymmetries have resulted not only a mitigation of the epistemicide imposed by colonial/neocolonial whiteness on African-descended peoples but also the denial of Black peoples’ own protagonism in the context of their forms of expression, effectively silencing their personal narratives history. In this sense, the objective is to inquire which spaces are meant for the Black ethnomusicologist who finds him/herself confronted with the unease caused by the the biased tradition within this field of study.
The Regional Dimension of “The Great Game”: Formation and Development (Late 18th – Mid 19th Centuries)
Authors: Kryzhko Evgeniy Vladimirovich , Pashkovsky Petr Igorevich
Published: December 2024

The subject of the study is the regional dimension of "the Great Game" during its formation and development. The relevance of the study is due to the current increase in international tension and confrontation between Russia and the states of the collective West, as well as the related threats of destabilization of the Central Asian region. At the same time, there are many diverse, including mutually exclusive, interpretations of the regional dimension of "the Great Game" in the discourses. The purpose of the article is to characterize the transformation of the geographical boundaries of the classical version of the Russian–British geopolitical rivalry in Central and South Asia during its formation and development (late XVIII – mid XIX centuries). The following research sources were used: works by Russian and British travelers, officers and residents; interstate legal acts; reference publications. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions of neorealism in terms of a systematic analysis of international relations, which led to the use of historical-genetic, activity-based and comparative methods. As a result of the study, the problem of having many different interpretations of the regional dimension of "the Great Game" was identified. The reasons, context, and features of the formation of the area of Russian-British geopolitical rivalry are clarified. The core and periphery of this phenomenon are highlighted. The trends of localization and displacement of "hotbeds" of activity within the framework of this competition are substantiated. The stages of transformation of the geographical boundaries of the classic version of "the Great Game" are characterized. The conducted research allows us to identify the core (the main space) and the periphery (periodically activated "pockets") of the Russian-British geopolitical rivalry. The core of "the Great Game" has traditionally been the territories of India and Afghanistan. Peripheral "foci" located along the perimeter of the core and connected to it existed alternately, synchronously, or partially intersected in time. It has been established that there is a pattern in the relationship between the phases of activation of "the Great Game" and the intensification of manifestations of British Russophobia, which has been acquiring the characteristics of ideology since the first third of the 19th century.
The distribution of the palatalization processes in the Dargwa languages
Authors: Mutalov Rasul Osmanovich
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the palatalization processes in the Dargwa languages (the Nakh-Dagestanian group of languages). The main purpose of the study is to identify the cases of velar consonants’ stop before i and e vowels in various Dargwa languages and dialects. For this purpose the following issues are set: a) to identify the number of Dargwa languages and dialects where the palatalization processes are expressed; b) to classify the Dargwa dialectal units according to a degree of susceptibility of velar consonants to palatalization; c) to study the palatalization processes in the Dargwa idioms where the palatalization is strongly expressed; d) to study the issue on the process of standard palatalization; e) to identify the number of dialects to which partial palatalization is characteristic. For solving the above-mentioned issues the following research methods are used: the methods of field linguistics, the comparative method and the method of synchronous analysis. The scientific novelty is a proposed hypothesis according to which palatalization started it's distribution from the southern and southwestern Dargin idioms when the speakers of the Mekegi dialects migrated to the north-east and lived far from the major groups of Dargwa people. As a result of the study, the idioms in which the processes of palatalization are present, and idioms where this phenomenon is absent are revealed. The processes of palatalization are characteristic to the southern languages and a number of dialects of the northern Dargwa language. According to the degree of susceptibility of velar consonants to palatalization in the different Dargwa languages and dialects, strongly expressed palatalization in Kaitag idiom, standard palatalization and partial palatalization are distinguished. These processes does not occur in the Northern Dargwa dialects of the Mekegi type.
Stages of formation of ideas about cognition (from the Ancient world to the New Time)
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: December 2024

The article presents the author's reconstruction of the main stages of the origin of ideas about cognition. The picture of the reality of cognition accepted in modern science is presented, in which the yet unknown world is contrasted as a source of latent knowledge and patterns and a person as a cognizer striving to discover this knowledge. It is argued that in the Ancient World, such a familiar picture for a modern person did not take place. An analysis of the way of mastering the world related to this period shows that it represented the resolution of problematic situations through the invention of knowledge and schemes (local and fundamental), opening the way to understanding and new behavior. Together, local and fundamental schemes set the Ancient world, understandable and epistemologically transparent, requiring no knowledge. Man lived in a world of souls, spirits and gods. Although he created this world himself, solving problematic situations, he perceived it as having always existed. Cognition begins to take shape, starting with ancient culture; its prerequisites are the formation of an ancient personality and the invention of a new way of obtaining knowledge, not on diagrams, but in reasoning. The contribution of Plato and Aristotle to this revolutionary epistemic process is considered. The first introduces cognition as a dialectical and partly sacred way of understanding a new way of obtaining consistent knowledge. Stagirite transfers knowledge from heaven to earth, and places the source of new knowledge in things. Aristotle interprets this source as a hidden natural movement, calling it nature. The author reconstructs two more stages of the formation of knowledge related to the Middle Ages and modern times. It turned out that nature is not only movements hidden from human eyes, but those that are "written in the language of mathematics" and "constrained," as Francis Bacon wrote, by human art. The article ends with an indication of the next stage in the evolution of cognition, characteristic of the study of humanitarian and social phenomena.
The power of social identity in shaping collaborative success in research teams
Authors: Pedersen Malene Roland Vils
Published: December 2024

Interdisciplinary research teams may from time  to time face collaborative challenges due to many causes, e. g. various medical interests or professional background. Social identity theory offers a framework to understand these dynamics. Diverse interests or medical background can motivate and drive innovation and creativity in research projects but can also present challenges in term of communication and collaboration caused by different perspectives and traditions. This discussion paper focus on social theory related to team cohesion and collaboration, aiming to assist interdisciplinary teams in achieving collective and collaborative strengths.
Comparando ciudades en las antípodas: Entorno construido, sentido de pertenencia y espacio público en Santiago (Chile) y Yakarta (Indonesia)
Authors: Rodríguez Sebastián , Figueroa Cristhian , Martínez Rafael
Published: January 2025

A partir de un análisis comparativo, este trabajo busca argumentar que la sustentabilidad urbana es un producto de las interacciones diarias entre las personas y el sentido de pertenencia de los habitantes de una zona específica, como también, el uso del espacio público y la forma del entorno construido.
“Constancias –individuales- de cambio de criterio” en recientes sentencias de la Corte Suprema relativas al Derecho administrativo
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Román Cordero Cristian
Published: January 2025

Dejar, en una sentencia, constancia sobre el cambio de criterio jurisprudencial que introduce, es anómalo en nuestro medio, pues sabido es que las sentencias producen efectos vinculantes sólo en el caso en el que actualmente se pronunciaren. Así, hacerlo, importaría desatender, de una u otra manera, esto último.
Sistemas de generación – consumo: oportunidades y desafíos para la reglamentación de la Ley Nº 21.505
Authors: Escalona Vásquez Eduardo , Jorquera Cruz Antonia
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo analiza las implicancias de la incorporación a la Ley General de Servicios Eléctricos del concepto de sistemas de generación-consumo por la Ley Nº 21.505. Los reglamentos que deben dictarse conforme su articulado transitorio determinarán la delimitación del tipo de infraestructura que será considerada como tal, la regulación que les será aplicable y el alcance de las atribuciones del Coordinador Eléctrico Nacional sobre éstas, lo que podrá ser determinante para la viabilidad de futuros proyectos de producción de hidrógeno verde, almacenamiento de energía, y de infraestructura que combine procesos productivos, almacenamiento e inyecciones de energía a la red.
Los criterios de sustentabilidad en el contrato público como deber estratégico del Estado
Authors:   Universidad Santo Tomás, Figueroa Mendoza Mauricio , Piantini Montivero Daniella ,   Universidad de Antofagasta
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal revisar aspectos generales en torno a la contratación pública sustentable o verde, con la finalidad de evidenciar cómo a través del mecanismo de la contratación pública estratégica, el Estado juega un rol fundamental como agente económico en materia de sustentabilidad. Función estratégica que genera la obligación de los Estados de incorporar en sus procesos de contratación criterios de sustentabilidad. A su vez, se explora las posibilidades de incluir dentro de los contratos públicos, cláusulas con criterios de sustentabilidad o ambientales en las distintas fases del iter contractuales, evaluando con ello, las posibles consecuencias o efectos que ello pueda provocar, para ello, proponemos dos misiones de la contratación sustentable: la directa e indirecta y su materialización en el proceso en general. Finalmente, se explora el estado de la cuestión en materia de regulación de contratos públicos sustentables en Chile frente a las formas en que se pueden materializar de acuerdo a las misiones propuestas.
Estudio del principio de confianza legítima en el Derecho administrativo venezolano
Authors:   Universidad Internacional Villanueva, Canónico-Sarabia Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Se revisa científicamente la institución de la confianza legítima en el derecho administrativo venezolano, su previsión normativa, cómo lo ha receptado la doctrina, y cuál ha sido su tratamiento jurisprudencial; para entender su aplicación, límites y alcance.
Revisión judicial de las decisiones y omisiones de la Administración estadounidense, en el orden federal: un modelo en continuo desarrollo
Authors:   Universidad Católica Argentina, UBA y CEARE, Sacristán Estela B.
Published: January 2025

Lejos de versar acerca de la revisión judicial del accionar administrativo en el orden federal en los Estados Unidos, el presente encara esa temática desde la doctrina de la separación de poderes. Ella permite un estudio de su desarrollo administrativo, congresional y judicial.
A search for substructures near the Galactic plane and bulge using RR Lyrae stars as tracers
Authors:   , Cristi Cambiaso Nicolas Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Usando estrellas pulsantes de tipo RR Lyrae, hacemos una búsqueda de subestructuras Galácticas ("stellar streams" y cúmulos globulares) en la región del plano Galáctico. Construimos una muestra de estrellas RR Lyrae con valores de distancia y metalicidades. Estudiamos esta muestra con un algoritmo de "clustering" para encontrar grupos de estrellas cercanas y con propiedades similares. Mediante esta búsqueda, recuperamos estructuras conocidas y encontramos posibles nuevas estructuras.
Comparative Analysis of Civil Defense Shelters within Buildings by Country
Authors: Lee Sang-Joon , Kim Sung-Yong
Published: December 2024

The Republic of Korea currently faces a significant lack of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) protective shelters for civilians. Thus, further research is required to expand their availability. This study examines the current state and standards of civil defense shelters within buildings by countries with high shelter coverage rates and compares them with those in the Republic of Korea. Switzerland and Finland constructed underground shelters with high-level protection against CBRN attacks. Israel and Singapore are vulnerable to immediate artillery strikes because of their relatively small territories, and they have prioritized accessibility by constructing shelters on each floor of the buildings. During the Cold War, the United States focused on nuclear fallout protection by utilizing parts of existing buildings. The Republic of Korea has focused on securing a number of shelters by utilizing existing underground spaces while constructing few high-performance shelters in border areas. The Republic of Korea needs to develop CBRN shelter models that are suitable for domestic conditions by referencing foreign shelter cases and gradually expanding them.
Analysis of Multi-Hazard Typologies and Characteristics Using Topic Modeling and Network Analysis
Authors: Choi Yeon-Woo , Kim Dong In , Yoon Dong Keun
Published: December 2024

Disasters have been increasing in scale and causing widespread damage, with a rising trend of multiple hazards occurring together and interacting. To manage multi-hazard risks effectively and enable proactive preparedness, it is essential to understand how such hazards occur and how much damage they cause. This study identifies the types of multi-hazards through topic modeling and network analysis, based on bibliographic information from international articles related to such hazards. We also compared the characteristics of each type of multi-hazard, focusing on their progression, subcomponents, entities affected by them, and strategies for managing them. This study utilized the bibliographic information of 1,837 articles, published in 556 international academic journals, and employed topic modeling and network analysis. The analysis results revealed that multi-hazards could be classified into seven types, based on the combination of their sub-components. Additionally, we identified differences between the types of multi-hazards.
Subjectivity Study on Ethical Leadership for Fire Officials in Disaster Response Situations: Focusing on 119 Safety Experience Center at “A” Fire and Disaster Headquarters
Authors: Ryu Seunghoon
Published: December 2024

This study explored firefighters’ subjective perceptions of ethical leadership in disaster situations. The study used the Q methodology to conduct a face-to-face survey with 14 firefighters at the 119 Safety Experience Center at “A” Fire and Disaster Headquarters. The results indicate that the respondents’ perceptions of ethical leadership in disaster response situations can be divided into three types, each with distinct characteristics: the first is inclusive and ethical, prioritizing one’s own judgment; the second is oriented toward trust, cooperation, and a pragmatic approach; and the third is oriented toward responsibility, respect, and a cautious approach. This study’s findings can be used to customize leadership training for each of the three ethical leadership types and enable an appropriate allocation of roles within fire organizations during disaster response. This will help firefighters improve their communication in disaster response situations and will enhance manpower management.
Analysis of the Temperature Characteristics of Ceiling Jets in Large Corridor Spaces
Authors: Kim Yunseong , Kwon Youngjin , Kim Hyewon , Kang Hyun , Kweon Ohsang
Published: December 2024

In this study, the temperature characteristics of a ceiling jet flowing through a ceiling in the event of a fire in a large corridor space were experimentally analyzed to show consistency with the equation shown through the energy conservation equations. The experimental results show that the horizontal temperature distribution of the ceiling jet decreases sharply until the dimensionless distance (r/z) is 0.2, and the vertical temperature distribution increases from a dimensionless height z/H of 0.5. In addition, the consistency between the energy-conservation-law-based prediction formula and experimental values was observed to be good when the heat release rate, ceiling height, and dimensionless distance were used as variables.
Experimental Study on the Fire Resistance Performance of Protective Barriers in Petrochemical Plants
Authors: Park Sooyoung , Shin Yichul
Published: December 2024

The performance of the fire resistance structure applied in domestic plants is evaluated by applying the standard fire curve assuming a general fire. However, such a fire is different from the fire expected to occur in the process of handling high-carbon materials, such as oil refinery plants and petrochemical plants. Therefore, the fire resistance performance of the members used in these plants should be evaluated by conducting fire resistance tests using a hydrocarbon fire curve, assuming a hydrocarbon fire. In this study, a hydrocarbon fire test was conducted on a protective barrier installed in a plant to reduce the risk of fire and explosion and confirm the fire resistance performance. Consequently, it is judged that, in plants where hydrocarbon fires are likely to occur, the protective barriers used will not satisfy fire-resistance regulations, depending on the thickness or type.
Improvement of Safety Management System for Hazardous Materials
Authors: Kim Haekyeong , Kwak Dae-Hoon , Ko Wangyoul
Published: December 2024

This study analyzed the status of accidents involving hazardous materials on an annual basis. Issues related to the safety manager appointment system of the Hazardous Materials Safety Management Act were identified, and a survey was conducted to determine awareness. Respondents recognized that accidents at plants that manufacture hazardous materials are caused by human factors and that the probability and extent of damage can be reduced depending on the capabilities of the safety managers for hazardous materials. Minimizing accidents involving hazardous materials requires revision of the classification criteria according to the level of risk of hazardous material manufacturers and the appointment of safety managers according to the classification criteria to prevent appointment solely based on the completion of training. Even those who hold a certificate or have passed an examination after completing training can only be appointed as safety managers for hazardous materials if they have completed practical training.
Experimental Study on the Manufacturing and Structural Performance of Prefabricated Composite Girders with Continuous Precast Deck-to-Girder Connections
Authors: Choi Byung H. , Seong Taek-Ryong , Thusa Bidhek , Moon Jiho
Published: December 2024

A new type of prefabricated composite girder with innovative continuous precast deck-to-girder connections is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of ordinary girders, including interference and overlapping during the deck assembly process. A large-scale experimental study was conducted to evaluate the assembly and structural performances of these girders. The results showed no interference during the assembly of the proposed girder specimen, and a visual inspection after drilling confirmed that the mortar was filled without any voids in the continuous precast deck-to-girder connections. Furthermore, the proposed girder exhibited full composite behavior, ductile flexural failure occurred in a structural test, and the validity of the design method was verified.
Merged CNN-Based Finite Element Model Update Methodology
Authors: Ryu Seongbin , Lee Kyoungseok , Kim Seungjun
Published: December 2024

Finite element analysis requires the construction of a model that accurately reflects the structural characteristics of a target structure. Such models must incorporate precise material and geometric properties. However, discrepancies often arise between the properties assumed during the design phase and those observed in the actual structure. To address this, the models are iteratively updated using real measurement data, minimizing the errors between measured and analytical results. This process, however, can be time-consuming, particularly for complex structures. In this study, we propose a novel approach to directly estimate the parameters of a finite element model by utilizing the modal information from the structure, including natural frequencies and mode shapes. Our algorithm integrates a deep neural network that effectively solves complex problems using a convolutional neural network that captures the relationships between the nodal data and modes. Verification using a beam model demonstrated that the proposed methodology successfully updated the finite element analysis model to accurately match the target modal information.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Connecting Tracks for Expansion of High-Speed Rail Network
Authors: Kwon Yong-Bok , Lee Sehee , Cho Kook-Hwan
Published: December 2024

New rail lines have been constructed to accommodate the growing demand for high-speed train passengers. In this regard, life cycle cost (LLC) analysis is an essential decision-support tool for evaluating the feasibility of track construction plans for high-speed rail lines. In the construction sequence for connecting tracks, a turnout track can be installed at the connection point between two lines after the existing track has been demolished. The LLC varies depending on the type of track components. Therefore, this study aims to compare and analyze the LCC results of different connecting track scenarios in high-speed rail lines. The total construction cost for designing the existing and new connecting tracks with a concrete track bed was found to be between 484 and 561 million KRW (for turnout No. 18.5–46), which is approximately 230 million KRW higher than that of a gravel track bed. However, the LLC of the ballast track exceeded that of the slab track after seven years of operation. A connecting track comprising a slab and high-speed turnout can reduce the LCC value.
Experimental Study on the Effects of Crack Width and Crack Depth on the Carbonation of Concrete in Electric Power Utility Tunnels
Authors: Chung Joohong , Choi Hyunki , Chun Nakhyun , Jung Hyungsuk
Published: December 2024

An underground electric power utility tunnel is an important piece of infrastructure. Securing the durability of such structures is essential to ensuring their long lifecycles. However, the concrete of an electric power utility tunnel is likely to be carbonized, owing to long-term exposure to high carbon dioxide. Moreover, the carbonation of concrete may be intensified by damage, such as cracks. In this study, the characteristics of carbonation in electric power utility concrete were examined based on crack width and depth. The results of the experiment showed that the crack width was an important variable in the carbonation of concrete in an electric power utility tunnel. Carbonization proceeded at the tip of the crack, even if the crack was deep and the width was small.
Integrated Earthquake Risk Assessment and Application Study for Urban Areas Considering Water Supply System Performance
Authors: Lee Seung Yeon , On Byeong Heon , Yoo Do Guen
Published: December 2024

In this study, we evaluated the risk to urban areas due to the hydraulic and water quality availability of water supply facilities caused by medium- and large-scale earthquakes, applied the results to City A in Korea, and compared and analyzed them. The analysis confirmed that the damage to hydraulic availability increased rapidly as the earthquake magnitude increased, but the water quality did not deteriorate compared to hydraulic availability. This suggests that the water quality supply risk is low except for extreme interruption in the water supply route. However, if an earthquake of a certain magnitude or greater occurs, the building risk, evacuation risk, fire risk, and water outage risk are at a certain level or higher. When considering the water quality supply risk, the overall comprehensive earthquake risk in urban areas increased. Thus, uniformly applying the weights of all factors in the earthquake risk assessment does not correctly reflect the characteristics and environment of the region, and a process of realistically calculating the weights of each factor through various methods is necessary.
Carbonation and Compressive Strength Properties of Electric Power Utility Tunnel Concrete Exposed to a Carbon Dioxide Environment
Authors: Chun Nakhyun , Choi Hyunki , Chung Joohong , Hwang Kyeongmin , Jung Hyungsuk
Published: December 2024

Recently, the service lives of electric power utility tunnels have been increasing rapidly; however, inspection and maintenance tasks are difficult, and the economic loss owing to the end of tunnels’ lifespans is substantial. Moreover, electric power utility tunnels are exposed to high carbon dioxide. Because their interiors are sealed environments, the tunnels are significantly affected by carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide can cause concrete carbonation, which can lead to a decline in the performance of electric power utility tunnels. In this study, the carbonation characteristics of concrete were analyzed, and the effect of carbonation on the mechanical performance was evaluated.
Proposal of Priorities for Snow-Removal Equipment by City, County, and District Through Analysis of Vulnerability to Heavy Snowfall and the Number of Snowfalls
Authors: Lee Hyeongjoo , Jung Yongchan , Chung Gunhui
Published: December 2024

In Korea, the predominant natural disasters that occur include heavy rain, typhoons, heavy snow, and strong winds, with heavy snow ranking as the second most damaging natural disaster after heavy rain and typhoons. Damage caused by heavy snow includes not only direct damage from snow cover but also indirect damage due to traffic congestion; therefore, interest in heavy snow damage is increasing. Accordingly, in this study, a vulnerability index was established by conducting heavy snow vulnerability analysis employing the pressure-state-response (PSR) technique. The data utilized in the vulnerability analysis encompassed meteorological characteristics and socio-economic factors of each region, including the length of road extensions by city, county, and district, the maximum daily snow cover, the number of days with an average temperature below 0 °C, and the average sunshine hours. Additionally, the number of snowfalls in each region (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and > 15 cm) was analyzed and converted to a number between 0 and 1. By adding the results of the two analyses, we proposed a priority for snow-removal equipment input in the following order: Nonsan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Buyeo-gun, Gongju-si, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Naju-si, and Jeollanam-do. The proposed priority for snow-removal equipment is expected to be used as basic data to establish standards for securing such equipment in each administrative district.
Assessment of Municipal-Level Flood Vulnerability Using Logistic Growth Function-Based Flood Damage Function
Authors: Park Haekyung , Seo Seung Beom
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the flood vulnerability of 228 municipalities in South Korea by constructing logistic growth function-based flood damage functions, utilizing flood damage and rainfall data from 1998 to 2021. Among the derived parameters, a represents flood damage sensitivity to rainfall increase, b indicates the rainfall threshold for flood occurrence, and c denotes the maximum damage amount. Parameter a (0.0688-0.3203) showed regional variations without distinct spatial patterns, whereas b (76.8-343.6) exhibited higher values in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and major cities, suggesting that developed areas with well-established disaster prevention infrastructure possess higher flood thresholds. The proportion of flood reduction facilities (pumping stations, river improvements, and retention basins) exhibited positive correlations with b, suggesting the effectiveness of these measures in increasing flood damage thresholds. Flood damage was typically initiated at 127 mm of maximum daily rainfall and approached maximum levels at 272 mm. This study provides quantitative evidence to establish localized flood management strategies that contribute to the development of future climate change adaptation policies.
Study on Flood Control Facility Design Linking Retention Pond and Rainwater Pumping Station
Authors: Park Jongpyo , Lee Dongyeop , Won Changyeon
Published: December 2024

The primary causes of flood damage in a basin include the inadequate water flow capacity of pipelines and rivers, along with the inability to drain inland water, owing to rising water levels. Flood response facilities, such as rainwater pumping stations (pump-integrated gate type) that actively drain inland water, and retention ponds designed to manage peak flood volumes, are essential. The focus of this study is the Gyeticheon Basin in Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. To manage flood risks, the proposal includes rainwater pumping stations for the downstream area and an off-line retention pond for the midstream area. This study develops a modeling method that simultaneously plans the side-weir of the retention pond and the rainwater pumping station. In addition, the analysis compared the flood control capacity in relation to the height and width of the side weir, and the operating water level (OWL.) of the pumping station. The results showed that when the (OWL.) of the rainwater pumping station surpasses the height of the side weir, the initial flood volume overflows the side weir, significantly reducing the flood control effectiveness of the basin. Consequently, if the side weir is designed to be low in the construction of a retention pond for flood control, or if a retention pond features a movable weir that tilts during the early stages of a flood, allowing water to overflow transversely into the pond, the flood control effectiveness can be significantly reduced. These findings are expected to aid in the design and operation of complex flood control facilities in future.
Study on the Evaluation of the Water Supply Capacities of Multipurpose Dams
Authors: Kim Darae , Gwon Younghyeon , Park Jongpyo
Published: December 2024

Recent climate change has significantly affected water quality and led to water shortages. Accordingly, this study re-evaluated the water supply capacity of the Daecheong Dam and calculated the additional water supply available to determine the feasibility of meeting the target water quality for the Mihogang River. The Mihogang River is directly influenced by the Daecheong Dam, which is situated in the middle section of the Geumgang River. A reservoir simulation was conducted over approximately 40 years (from 1983 to 2023) using the storage equation. The results of an analysis demonstrated that an additional supply of up to 0.11 m3/s could be provided while maintaining the planned supply amount over a five-day period, thus ensuring a water utilization reliability of 96.3%. In addition, an additional supply of up to 0.23 m3/s was found to be feasible within the supply range stipulated in the 2023 contract for a five-day period, thus ensuring a reliability of 98.7%. However, because the reliability of water utilization is typically evaluated based on the lowest water level, our study recalculated and reassessed the potential for additional supply to ensure that the water level complied with water supply adjustment standards. The evaluation results showed that although the water utilization reliability was met, the supply availability rate generally decreased and fell below the level of concern specified in the water supply adjustment standards.
Numerical Analysis of Levee Failure Characteristics for Flood Hydrograph Patterns
Authors: Jeong Chanjin , Kim Dong Hyun , Lee Seung Oh
Published: December 2024

Recent climate change has significantly affected the magnitude and frequency of rainfall, which critically affects the safety of levees and leads to severe flooding damage when levees fail. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the shape of flood hydrographs on levee failure characteristics using numerical analysis. Three types of flood hydrographs derived from lognormal, beta, and Weibull probability density functions (PDFs) were utilized, with each showing differences in the timing and magnitude of the peak flows. Levee overtopping and failure phenomena were simulated using a three-dimensional numerical analysis model, namely, FLOW-3D. The simulation results indicate that the failure patterns of levees vary, depending on the PDF used, with the lognormal PDF showing significant levee failure, owing to relatively high initial flows. These results suggest that a rapid increase in the flow at the onset is a direct factor that causes levee failure. These numerical analysis results highlight the importance of understanding the characteristics of each probability density function to accurately predict and effectively respond to levee failure risk. Future research should focus on a more precise analysis of levee failure mechanisms as well as the propagation and impacts of flood waves resulting from such failures.
Evaluation of Inundation Probability Using Storm Surge Coastal Inundation Prediction Map DB
Authors: Lee Hwa Young , Park Jong Jib , Seo Gwang Ho , Jeong Kwang Young , Cho Wan Hee
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the probability of inundation, which is not provided by deterministic storm surge coastal inundation prediction maps based on return periods. Busan was selected as the study area and an inundation database was constructed using hypothetical typhoon scenarios to create coastal inundation prediction maps. Areas with a storm surge inundation probability of more than 90% were identified along the coastline, accounting for up to 5% of the total inundated area. Most other inundated regions demonstrated an inundation probability of approximately 20%. The probabilities for inundation depths of over 2.0 m and 3.0 m were evaluated to be no more than 50%, and 30%, respectively. The generated probability information for the storm surge inundation can be utilized not only to assess coastal inundation risk, but also in other applications to account for uncertainties due to climate change-induced variations in typhoon intensity and numerical model errors, which are not considered in return period-based coastal inundation prediction maps using hypothetical scenarios and numerical models.
Analysis of Infiltration and Runoff Based on the Volume of Storage Spaces in Storage Permeable Blocks
Authors: Park Jaerock , Lee Jungmin , Kim Jaemoon , Kwon Soonchul , Kim Myeongin
Published: December 2024

Recent climate change has led to an increase in total rainfall in spite of a decrease in the number of rainy days. In addition, the increase in impervious surfaces due to urbanization has resulted in greater surface runoff, resulting in urban flooding and flash floods. To address this issue, low-impact development techniques have been introduced to improve water cycle health within watersheds. Permeable pavements, which serve as roadways while reducing impervious surfaces, have been introduced in new towns and development zones. However, most performance evaluations were based solely on the permeability coefficient of the pavement, with limited research on the water cycle performance of the entire permeable pavement system, including the subbase layer. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of the porosity storage volume of joint-type permeable blocks with storage spaces under the same conditions for two types of permeable blocks. The results showed that increasing the porosity storage volume reduced the equilibrium runoff rate by 70%, and increased the runoff time delay by 2 to 2.5 times.
Analyzing Research Trends in Deep-Tunnel Systems and Evaluation of Stormwater Pollutant Removal for Urban Runoff Management
Authors: Uy Marvin John F. , Robles Miguel Enrico L. , Vispo Chiny C. , Oh Yugyeong , Jeon Minsu , Kim Lee Hyung
Published: December 2024

Deep-tunnel systems are increasingly being recognized as an infrastructure solution for mitigating combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and managing urban stormwater, as evidenced by growing research interest. This study employed a bibliometric analysis method using Scopus to evaluate global research trends in deep-tunnel systems. This method revealed that while early studies primarily focused on flood mitigation, recent research has shifted toward exploring water quality improvements. An initial comprehensive review using keywords from the bibliometric analysis was conducted, highlighting the limited data relating deep-tunnel systems to water quality and underscoring a gap in the literature. A subsequent comprehensive review focusing on urban stormwater runoff was conducted to bridge the knowledge gap between flood mitigation and water quality enhancement in urban stormwater management. The analysis indicated that mixed urban areas showed the highest range of TSS concentrations, with a mean of 238.3 mg/L, while urban roads exhibited the highest mean TN and TP concentrations at 93.6 mg/L and 0.49 mg/L, respectively. For deep-tunnel systems, a design approach that considers the characteristics of pollutants in incoming stormwater and their reduction mechanisms is essential. This study’s findings provide foundational data for the development of deep-tunnel systems with integrated water treatment functions. Such systems could enhance urban resilience by addressing both flood risk and water quality challenges in rapidly urbanizing areas.