bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ratiometric nonfluorescent CRISPR assay utilizing Cas12a-induced plasmid supercoil relaxation
Authors: Mohammad Noor , Talton Logan , Dalgan Selen , Hetzler Zach , Steksova Anastasiia , Wei Qingshan
Published: June 2024

Most CRISPR-based biosensors rely on labeled reporter molecules and expensive equipment for signal readout. A recent approach quantifies analyte concentration by sizing λ DNA reporters via gel electrophoresis, providing a simple solution for label-free detection. Here, we report an alternative strategy for label-free CRISPR-Cas12a, which relies on Cas12a trans-nicking induced supercoil relaxation of dsDNA plasmid reporters to generate a robust and ratiometric readout. The ratiometric CRISPR (rCRISPR) measures the relative percentage of supercoiled plasmid DNA to the relaxed circular DNA by gel electrophoresis for more accurate target concentration quantification. This simple method is two orders of magnitude more sensitive than the typical fluorescent reporter. This self-referenced strategy solves the potential application limitations of previously demonstrated DNA sizing-based CRISPR-Dx without compromising the sensitivity. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of rCRISPR for detecting various model DNA targets such as HPV 16 and real AAV samples, highlighting its feasibility for point-of-care CRISPR-Dx applications.
Dynamic metastable vortex states in interacting vortex lines
Authors: Kozlov Sergei , Lesueur Jérôme , Roditchev Dimitri , Feuillet-Palma Cheryl
Published: June 2024

The electron transport in current-biased superconducting nano-bridges is determined by the motion of the quantum vortex confined in the internal disorder landscape. Here we consider theoretically a simple case of a single or two neighbouring linear defects crossing a nano-bridge. The strong anharmonicity of the vortex motion along the defect leads, upon radio frequency (RF) excitation, to fractional Shapiro steps. In the case of two defects, the vortex motion becomes correlated, characterised by metastable states that can be locked to the RF-drive. The lock-unlock process causes sudden voltage jumps and drops in the voltage-current characteristics that can be observed in experiments. We analyse the parameters that promote these metastable dynamic states and discuss their possible experimental realisations.
Discovery of charge order above room-temperature in the prototypical kagome superconductor La(Ru1−xFex)3Si2
Authors: Plokhikh I. , Mielke C. , Nakamura H. , Petricek V. , Qin Y. , Sazgari V. , Küspert J. , Biało I. , Shin S. , Ivashko O. , Graham J. N. , Zimmermann M. v. , Medarde M. , Amato A. , Khasanov R. , Luetkens H. , Fischer M. H. , Hasan M. Z. , Yin J.-X. , Neupert T. , Chang J. , Xu G. , Nakatsuji S. , Pomjakushina E. , Gawryluk D. J. , Guguchia Z.
Published: June 2024

The kagome lattice is an intriguing and rich platform for discovering, tuning and understanding the diverse phases of quantum matter, crucial for advancing modern and future electronics. Despite considerable efforts, accessing correlated phases at room temperature has been challenging. Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, we discovered charge order above room temperature in La(Ru1−xFex)3Si2(x= 0, 0.01, 0.05), where charge order related to out-of-plane Ru atom displacements appears belowTCO,I  ≃ 400 K. The secondary charge ordered phase emerges belowTCO,II  ≃ 80–170 K. Furthermore, first principles calculations reveal both the kagome flat band and the van Hove point near the Fermi energy in LaRu3Si2, driven by Ru-dz2orbitals. Our results identify LaRu3Si2as the kagome superconductor with the highest known charge ordering temperature, offering a promising avenue for researching room temperature quantum phases and developing related technologies.
Application of simultaneous uncertainty quantification and segmentation for oropharyngeal cancer use-case with Bayesian deep learning
Authors: Sahlsten Jaakko , Jaskari Joel , Wahid Kareem A. , Ahmed Sara , Glerean Enrico , He Renjie , Kann Benjamin H. , Mäkitie Antti , Fuller Clifton D. , Naser Mohamed A. , Kaski Kimmo
Published: June 2024

Background

Radiotherapy is a core treatment modality for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), where the primary gross tumor volume (GTVp) is manually segmented with high interobserver variability. This calls for reliable and trustworthy automated tools in clinician workflow. Therefore, accurate uncertainty quantification and its downstream utilization is critical.

Methods

Here we propose uncertainty-aware deep learning for OPC GTVp segmentation, and illustrate the utility of uncertainty in multiple applications. We examine two Bayesian deep learning (BDL) models and eight uncertainty measures, and utilize a large multi-institute dataset of 292 PET/CT scans to systematically analyze our approach.

Results

We show that our uncertainty-based approach accurately predicts the quality of the deep learning segmentation in 86.6% of cases, identifies low performance cases for semi-automated correction, and visualizes regions of the scans where the segmentations likely fail.

Conclusions

Our BDL-based analysis provides a first-step towards more widespread implementation of uncertainty quantification in OPC GTVp segmentation.
Improving insulin resistance by sulforaphane via activating the Bacteroides and Lactobacillus SCFAs–GPR–GLP1 signal axis
Authors: Tian Sicong , Lei Yiting , Zhao Fangling , Che Jiawen , Wu Yanhong , Lei Peng , Kang Yea Eun , Shan Yujuan
Published: June 2024

SFN alleviated IR via the Bacteroides and Lactobacillus-SCFAs–GPR41/43-GLP1 axis and protected the intestinal mucosal barrier, thereby, reducing the inflammatory response.
Is general chemistry too costly? How different groups of students perceive the task effort and emotional costs of taking a chemistry course and the relationship to achievement and retention
Authors: Wilkes Cassidy L. , Gamble Madelyn M. , Rocabado Guizella A.
Published: June 2024

Chemistry is often daunting for college students, contributing to high attrition rates in STEM majors. This study explored students' perceptions of the challenges in studying chemistry, including task effort and emotional costs. We examined how these perceptions, along with goal approaches, impact academic performance and retention in general chemistry. Utilizing cluster analysis of survey data and content analysis from student interviews, we investigated students’ profiles of perceived cost and goal approaches and how these related to the course performance and retention. Our analysis revealed that students who experienced lower perceived costs and were able to focus more on their mastery goals, tend to perform better, and persist in the course at higher rates. Conversely, students who perceived higher costs tend to drop the course more frequently, viewing chemistry as irrelevant to their future goals. These students prioritized performance goals over mastery, resulting in poorer performance. These results suggest that by addressing students’ perceived costs through interventions, students may focus more on their mastery goals, consequently improving their learning and understanding of the material.
Diluent-mediated interfacial reactions in localized-high-concentration electrolytes for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Park Seungsoo , Chang Hongjun , Lee Hyuntae , Lim Minhong , An Hyeongguk , Kang Jiwoong , Lee Soyeon , Lee Mingyu , Han Cheolhee , Lee Hochun , Chae Sujong , Moon Janghyuk , Lee Hongkyung
Published: June 2024

The “marionette” effect of various diluents in localized-high-concentration electrolytes subtly controls solvent and additive interactions and refines interfacial chemistry for enhancing Li-ion battery performance, particularly in extreme conditions.
Microenvironment-responsive release of Mg2+from tannic acid decorated and multilevel crosslinked hydrogels accelerates infected wound healing
Authors: Li Na , Cao Yi , Liu Jingyi , Zou Wen , Chen Manyu , Cao Hongfu , Deng Siyan , Liang Jie , Yuan Tun , Wang Qiguang , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong
Published: June 2024

Microenvironment-responsive release of Mg2+from tannic acid-decorated, multilevel crosslinked hydrogels with ROS scavenging, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regenerative properties for accelerated healing of infected wounds.
A donor–acceptor cross-conjugated phenazine macrocycle with a large Stokes shift for sensing transition metal ions with “turn-on” fluorescence
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Xuejie , Peng Jianfeng , Yang Shuaijun , Hu Riming , Jiang Xuchuan
Published: June 2024

A donor–acceptor cross-conjugated phenazine macrocycle exhibiting NIR luminescence and a large Stokes shift was developed for sensing transition metal ions with “turn-on” fluorescence.
An acceptor-quantity modulation strategy for high-performance ambipolar semiconducting polymers: from a dual-acceptor to a quad-acceptor backbone
Authors: Jiao Kewei , Zuo Xiaochan , Shen Tao , Li Wenhao , Zhao Yan , Mo Xiaoliang , Wang Yang , Liu Yunqi
Published: June 2024

The triple-acceptor P2DPP-BT shows a deeper LUMO level and a stronger π–π interaction, leading to the highest electron mobility of 1.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic transistors.
Research on identification method of abnormal grounding circulating current in single‐core AC submarine cable
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Zhu Yongli , Wang Jinsong , Li Yan
Published: June 2024

The grounding circulation current of the sheath and armour of single‐core AC submarine cables is high during operation, which can easily cause insulation damage and faults. Traditional methods that only monitor the amplitude of grounding circulation current make it difficult to detect defects in the cables, so further research is needed on the mathematical mechanism and detection methods of grounding circulation current. A mathematical model for the capacitance and impedance coupling of a single‐core submarine cable was established, and the influence of factors such as active power, length of armour stripping section, armour resistivity, armour magnetic permeability and grounding resistance on the grounding circulation current was analysed. A method for identifying abnormal grounding circulation current of submarine cables based on the combination of amplitude and phase was proposed.
Assessment of dental students’ knowledge towards ionizing radiation in dentistry: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ageeli W. , Alfaify A. , Abdali E. , Sharafy A. , Gissy A. , Ageel M. , Alyami A. , Abdelrazig A.M. , Refaee T. , Ageeli B. , Alwadani B. , Elnaeem M. , Ageeli A.A. , Hakami A. , Majrashi N.
Published: June 2024

Background: Dental radiography, a pivotal diagnostic technique in dentistry, plays a significant role in patient care. Despite its indispensability, the use of ionizing radiation in dental radiography entails inherent risks. Dental students, as future practitioners, bear the responsibility of acquiring a thorough knowledge of radiation protection to ensure the safety of both patients and operators. Aim: This study seeks to evaluate the levels of awareness, knowledge, and approach regarding ionizing radiation among dental students enrolled in the dentistry program at Jazan University (JU). Material and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was carried out involving 82 dental students, with a participant distribution of 63 males (77%) and 19 females (23%) across different academic years. The survey utilized a structured questionnaire designed to assess awareness regarding deterministic and stochastic effects of ionizing radiation, as well as various aspects of radiation protection practices. Demographic factors, including gender and academic year, were scrutinized for their potential impact on radiation protection awareness. The collected data underwent statistical analysis using chi-square tests implemented in SPSS to explore any significant associations. Results: The study included 82 dental students with varying age distributions. Age-wise, 39% fell within the 21–23 yr range, 31% were between 18–20 yr, 24% ranged from 24–26 yr, and 6% were older than 26 yr. Participants were distributed across different academic years, with the largest group being fourth-year students (25%), followed by fifth-year students (15%). Most participants (91%) recognized the harm of dental X-rays. Awareness varied by topic, with 52-90% awareness rates. Female students showed a higher awareness of certain topics. Female students exhibited higher awareness of the National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations and the practice of standing behind lead barriers during exposure Conclusion: Overall awareness of radiation protection was high among dental students, but there were variations by gender and academic year. Tailored educational interventions are needed to ensure comprehensive understanding and promote responsible practices.
Unpacking soft power for cities: a theoretical approach
Authors: Sevin Efe
Published: June 2024

Recently, there has been a resurgence of cities asserting their presence in the international arena, from engaging in collaborations with global actors to address pressing challenges, to competing to attract investments, visitors, and residents. While existing studies in city diplomacy and city branding offer insights into some of these activities, they often fail to provide a comprehensive account for three main reasons: a lack of dialog between these two fields, activities of cities that transcend the boundaries of either fields, and a disregard for the linkages between nation-states and cities. This article proposes a framework aimed at clarifying the international activities of cities and their relationships with their respective home countries, drawing upon the concept of soft power. The framework has the potential to generate theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical perspective, it offers a more inclusive analytical lens suitable for integration into future comparative studies examining the international activities of cities. From a practical standpoint, it facilitates strategic planning and policymaking processes.
Norms as instruments of non-violent rivalry? Russian views on the promotion of renewable energy
Authors: Crowley-Vigneau Anne , Baykov Andrey , Kalyuzhnova Yelena
Published: June 2024

Constructivists argue that international norms represent shared understandings of appropriate behaviour which become universally accepted after their successful internalisation. However, studies of norm contestation, localisation and death suggest that many norms having originated in the West are perceived elsewhere as instruments used by states to promote their interests abroad. This paper examines whether norms can be a vehicle for non-violent rivalry between states based on a study of the norm on the sustainable energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables. Interviews with representatives of the Russian government, O&G industry and media show that there is a lot of scepticism surrounding this norm because it is geopolitically advantageous to the West and damaging to Russia. The theoretical findings reveal that although grafting a diplomatic initiative onto a mature norm could be effective, this does not mean that norms can easily be created to gain the upper hand in punctual disputes.
Improvement of attitudes and skills using a MOOC about the basic science of climate change
Authors: Ferrari Enzo , Ballegeer Anne-Marie , Corrochano Diego , Fuertes Miguel Ángel , Herrero Teijón Pablo , Delgado Martín María Laura , Andrés Sánchez Santiago , Ruiz Camilo
Published: June 2024

Education needs to be at the forefront of the efforts to mitigate and adapt to Climate Change (CC) effects. We have introduced the Climate Change Competence (C3) to provide a comprehensive route to include the topics of sustainability and CC into the curriculum. This paper analyses how different primary and secondary teachers can improve this competence using a Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) on the basic science of CC. While the improvement in knowledge is expected, we have observed important advances on abilities, and attitudes on CC which are also essential to teach about CC mitigation and adaptation. The present study used a pre-experimental design, with pre-and post-test measurements with a sample of 530 students. While the MOOC focuses on the Science of CC, the participants also advance in attitudes and abilities, revealing an important correlation between these three dimensions of competence. Also, the study reveals that the MOOC improves the C3 in all the participants, but it does in diverse ways for diverse groups.
Analyzing “Jayu” in South Korean presidential rhetoric: a comprehensive study from 1948–2023 with a focus on the Yoon Suk Yeol administration
Authors: Han Seungwoo
Published: June 2024

The current study examines the strategic use of “Jayu” (freedom or liberty) in South Korean politics, with a focus on President Yoon Suk Yeol’s administration, where it symbolizes conservative ideologies and political identity. Employing Natural Language Processing, time-series analysis, and visualization techniques, the research analyzes presidential speeches to explore Yoon’s marked emphasis on Jayu, indicative of a strong conservative allegiance. The findings reveal a significant association between the utilization of Jayu and conservative strategies, underscoring its crucial role in Yoon’s political strategy and its function in garnering support from conservative factions within a polarized political context. Yoon’s discourse, characterized by an extensive use of Jayu, fosters polarization and partisanship, moving away from inclusive dialog. This study illuminates the role of symbolic language in political communication and identity formation, providing insights into the interplay between rhetoric and ideological positions in the intricate political landscape of South Korea.
The WELLBY: a new measure of social value and progress
Authors: Frijters Paul , Krekel Christian , Sanchis Raúl , Santini Ziggi Ivan
Published: June 2024

We introduce the WELLBY, a new measure of social value and progress, which can contribute to the assessment of progress towards the wellbeing of the economy and steer towards activities with the most wellbeing per financial resources invested. After providing a short rationale for the WELLBY, we give a definition and an overview of its properties. We then show how WELLBYs can help decision-makers with ex-ante policy appraisals and deliver a practical example of a youth traineeship programme. We also discuss how coefficients from ex-post wellbeing policy evaluations are now being collected as part of social value banks around the world, feeding into future appraisals. Finally, we illustrate how WELLBYs can be used to measure social progress overall, going beyond GDP.
The criminal law protection mechanism for sustainable development in China – an empirical analysis of environmental pollution crime
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wang Huimin , An Xiaohui
Published: June 2024

China’s environmental criminal law serves as the strongest legal safeguard for the construction of an ecological civilization, revealing the country’s determination and efforts in environmental protection. Prior to 2011, Article 338 of China’s Criminal Law, which is most closely associated with the punishment of polluters, was rarely applied effectively. However, following the revision of Article 338 to address environmental pollution crime in 2011, more than 10,000 cases were filed in just a few years; thus, this law has played a significant role in the smooth advancement of China’s ecological civilization. An empirical analysis of 1600 instances of environmental pollution crime revealed that Chinese courts continue to give precedence to conventional sentencing factors in the enforcement of this criminal law. Despite the vigorous promotion of the ecological civilization concept in recent years within China, its integration into the judiciary process appears inadequate, and the boundaries of environmental pollution crime remain vaguely delineated. Given these circumstances, there is a pressing need for China to enhance its legislative and judicial frameworks regarding environmental criminal law to ensure robust and enduring support for the nation’s sustainable development.
Hearts of Flesh
Authors: Liebermann Rosanne
Published: June 2024

The book of Ezekiel justifies the exilic community’s claim to represent the sole continuation of Yhwh’s people by portraying the Judeans remaining in Judah as having a distinct ethnic identity and therefore bodily makeup. It does so via its presentation of their group history as beginning and ending in Judah, while emphasizing the exiles’ collective memory of entering into their covenant with Yhwh outside of their ancestral land (Ezek 11; 16; 20; 23; 33). This exile-centred collective memory is reinforced by the cultic calendar Ezekiel constructs, which marks sacred time according to specific events in the exilic group’s religious history (e.g., with Sabbaths and Passover). Finally, Ezekiel predicts different futures for the Judeans remaining in Judah and those in exile, revealing how their bodies will diverge yet further according to their distinct fates: monstrification and death for those who remain; purification and life in Yhwh’s image for the exiles.
Personal Resources and Total Pain: Exploring the Multiple Mediation of Fear of Recurrence, Meaning-Making, and Coping in Posttreatment Cancer Patients
Authors: Krok Dariusz , Telka Ewa , Moroń Marcin
Published: June 2024

Background

People with cancer who have completed treatment still experience negative effects, such as an increased risk of experiencing cancer-related pain. Psychological factors tend to influence cancer patients’ ability to cope with pain in various dimensions. Although personal resources are an important factor in buffering total pain, still little is known about the intervening variables and underlying mechanisms.

Purpose

The current study examined the relationship between psychological flexibility, self-esteem, and total pain, while considering fear of recurrence, meaning-making, and coping as potential mediating factors.

Methods

Adults (N = 304) who completed medical treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and combined therapy) participated in this study. They completed questionnaires measuring the aforementioned variables. Structural equation models were used to examine mediation effects.

Results

Psychological flexibility, and partly self-esteem, were negatively related to the dimensions of total pain. However, to a large extent, these relationships were serially and parallelly mediated by fear of recurrence, meaning-making, and emotion-oriented coping.

Conclusions

Consistent with the meaning-making model, cognitive (meaning-making), and affective (fear of recurrence and emotional coping) factors may be potential mechanisms underlying the association between psychological flexibility, self-esteem, and total pain in posttreatment cancer patients. In this study, they tended to interact in the area of physiological and psychosocial experiences of cancer-related pain.
A systematic review of the psychometric properties of physical performance tests for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Exter Sabien H , Koenders Niek , Wees Philip , Berg Manon G A
Published: June 2024

Background

This review provides an overview of the psychometric properties of the short physical performance battery (SPPB), timed up and go test (TUG), 4 m gait speed test (4 m GST) and the 400 m walk test (400 m WT) in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE, resulting in the inclusion of 50 studies with data from in total 19,266 participants (mean age 63.2–84.3). Data were extracted and properties were given a sufficient or insufficient overall rating following the COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Quality of evidence (QoE) was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results

The SPPB was evaluated in 12 studies, TUG in 30, 4 m GST in 12 and 400 m WT in 2. Reliability of the SPPB, TUG and 4 m GST was rated sufficient (moderate to good QoE). The measurement error of the SPPB was rated insufficient (low QoE). Criterion validity for the SPPB was insufficient in indicating sarcopenia (moderate QoE), while the TUG was sufficient and insufficient for determining mobility limitations (low QoE) and activities of daily living disability (low QoE), respectively. Construct validity of the SPPB, TUG, 4 m GST and 400 m WT was rated insufficient in many constructs (moderate to high QoE). Responsiveness was rated as insufficient for SPPB (high QoE) and TUG (very low QoE), while 4 m GST was rated as sufficient (high QoE).

Conclusion

Overall, the psychometric quality of commonly used physical performance tests in community-dwelling older adults was generally rated insufficient, except for reliability. These tests are widely used in daily practice and recommended in guidelines; however, users should be cautious when drawing conclusions such as sarcopenia severity and change in physical performance due to limited psychometric quality of the recommended measurement instruments. There is a need for a disease-specific physical performance test for people with sarcopenia.

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency and was registered a priori using the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42022359725).
Impact of a prospective feedback loop aimed at reducing non-beneficial treatments in older people admitted to hospital and potentially nearing the end of life. A cluster stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial
Authors: White Nicole M , Barnett Adrian G , Lee Xing J , Farrington Alison , Carter Hannah , McPhail Steven M , Cardona Magnolia , Hillman Kenneth , Callaway Leonie , Willmott Lindy , White Ben P , Harvey Gillian , Graves Nicholas , Brown Christine
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To investigate if a prospective feedback loop that flags older patients at risk of death can reduce non-beneficial treatment at end of life.

Design

Prospective stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial with usual care and intervention phases.

Setting

Three large tertiary public hospitals in south-east Queensland, Australia.

Participants

14 clinical teams were recruited across the three hospitals. Teams were recruited based on a consistent history of admitting patients aged 75+ years, and needed a nominated lead specialist consultant. Under the care of these teams, there were 4,268 patients (median age 84 years) who were potentially near the end of life and flagged at risk of non-beneficial treatment.

Intervention

The intervention notified clinicians of patients under their care determined as at-risk of non-beneficial treatment. There were two notification flags: a real-time notification and an email sent to clinicians about the at-risk patients at the end of each screening day. The nudge intervention ran for 16–35 weeks across the three hospitals.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with one or more intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The secondary outcomes examined times from patients being flagged at-risk.

Results

There was no improvement in the primary outcome of reduced ICU admissions (mean probability difference [intervention minus usual care] = −0.01, 95% confidence interval −0.08 to 0.01). There were no differences for the times to death, discharge, or medical emergency call. There was a reduction in the probability of re-admission to hospital during the intervention phase (mean probability difference −0.08, 95% confidence interval −0.13 to −0.03).

Conclusions

This nudge intervention was not sufficient to reduce the trial’s non-beneficial treatment outcomes in older hospital patients.

Trial registration

Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12619000675123 (registered 6 May 2019).
Drinking contexts, coping motive, simultaneous cannabis use, and high-intensity drinking among adults in the United States
Authors: Cook Won Kim , Lui Camillia K , Greenfield Thomas K , Subbaraman Meenakshi , Li Libo , Kerr William C
Published: June 2024

Aims

High-intensity drinking (HID), extreme drinking considerably above the level of heavy episodic drinking (HED), is associated with long-term health and social consequences. There is limited understanding of HID beyond young adulthood. This study aims to identify concurrent risk factors for HID, comparing age differences among all adults.

Methods

Multinomial logistic and linear regression modeling was performed using a nationally-representative sample of adults (analytic n = 7956) from the 2015 and 2020 National Alcohol Surveys. The outcomes were any HID of 8–11 drinks and 12+ drinks for men, and 8+ drinks for women, and corresponding frequencies. Concurrent risk factors included coping motive, sensation seeking, simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis (SAC), and drinking at a bar or party. Analyses were stratified by age (18–29 vs. older) and sex.

Results

For younger men, sensation-seeking was significantly associated with HID (vs. no HED) at both levels and frequency of HID 8–11 drinks, while drinking to cope was only significant for 12+ drinks. For older men, drinking to cope was a consistent predictor for both HID level and its frequency, but sensation-seeking was not significant. Both coping and sensation-seeking were significantly associated with any HID for all women, while coping was significant for HID frequency for younger women. Frequent drinking at bars and parties were associated with greater odds of HID for all adults. With HED as referent, similar patterns of (though fewer significant) associations were observed.

Conclusions

Younger and older adults share similar risk factors for HID, with coping more consistent for older men.
Regulatory effects of antioxidants on indoxyl sulfate-enhanced intracellular oxidation and impaired phagocytic activity in differentiated U937 human macrophage cells
Authors: Iwamoto Wakana , Ikeda Tomohiro , Nishikawa Hirotaka , Hirano Masashi , Kinoshita Hideki , Ono Masateru , Kurogi Katsuhisa , Sakakibara Yoichi , Suiko Masahito , Yasuda Shin
Published: June 2024

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, is a physiologically active sulfated metabolite, specifically in kidney failure patients. Our previous studies have shown that IS downregulates phagocytic immune function in a differentiated HL-60 human macrophage cell model. However, it remains unclear whether IS exerts similar effects on macrophage function in other cell types or in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitive immune cell models. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of IS on intracellular oxidation levels and phagocytic activity in a differentiated U937 human macrophage cell model, both in the absence and presence of LPS. Our results demonstrated that IS significantly increases intracellular oxidation levels and decreases phagocytic activity, particularly in cells activated by LPS. Furthermore, we found that 2-acetylphenothiazine, an NADH oxidase inhibitor, attenuates the effects of IS in LPS-activated macrophage cells. Representative antioxidants, trolox, α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid, significantly mitigated the effects of IS on the macrophages responding to LPS.
A mature liquid fertilizer derived from cattle urine promotes Arabidopsis thaliana growth via hormone-like responses
Authors: Kato Yuta , Konishi Masaaki
Published: June 2024

To understand the fertilization effects of liquid fertilizer (LF) produced by aerobic microbial processing of cattle urine, we investigated the influence of LF on growth and shoot genetic responses of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. LF significantly enhanced both shoot and root growth under aseptic conditions. Although filtrate from ultrafiltration (molecular weight cutoff: 10 000) also promoted shoot growth and root elongation, the concentrate only promoted root growth. Multiple growth-promoting factors were therefore associated with the growth promotion. Transcriptome analysis of shoots following LF addition identified 353 upregulated and 512 downregulated genes. According to gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, signal transduction of a phytohormone cytokinin was influenced by LF addition. Cytochrome P450 induction triggered the related signal transitions, and would introduce the growth promotion for shoot. Primary auxin responses and abscisic acid signaling responses were also observed in the presence of LF. Ethylene signaling seemed to be insensitive.
Tokenism and women’s political communication in the pursuit of gender egalitarianism in Nigeria
Authors: Omotoso Sharon Adetutu , Bolaji Olaronke Akanni
Published: June 2024

With all gender bills presented to Nigeria’s Federal House of Assembly rejected in March 2022, women suffered an outrageous backlash in their pursuit of gender egalitarianism. This affirms tokenism and the government’s feigned commitment to gender parity. Reckoning that women’s political participation should augment their political representation, this article interrogates the political communication tactics of selected women in politics and non-state actors who fought for the bills. By engaging methods of critical analysis and reconstructive argumentation, we use the concept of “Feminist African Political Communication” (Feminist Afropolicom) to: (1) foreground African communicative experiences and tactics adopted by the women; (2) interrogate how tokenism trumps women’s political communication; and (3) examine how such tactics address questions of agency, space, and power.
Partitioning variance in cortical morphometry into genetic, environmental, and subject-specific components
Authors: Smith Diana M , Parekh Pravesh , Kennedy Joseph , Loughnan Robert , Frei Oleksandr , Nichols Thomas E , Andreassen Ole A , Jernigan Terry L , Dale Anders M
Published: June 2024

The relative contributions of genetic variation and experience in shaping the morphology of the adolescent brain are not fully understood. Using longitudinal data from 11,665 subjects in the ABCD Study, we fit vertex-wise variance components including family effects, genetic effects, and subject-level effects using a computationally efficient framework. Variance in cortical thickness and surface area is largely attributable to genetic influence, whereas sulcal depth is primarily explained by subject-level effects. Our results identify areas with heterogeneous distributions of heritability estimates that have not been seen in previous work using data from cortical regions. We discuss the biological importance of subject-specific variance and its implications for environmental influences on cortical development and maturation.
ZL006 mitigates anxiety-like behaviors induced by closed head injury through modulation of the neural circuit from the medial prefrontal cortex to amygdala
Authors: Zhao Liang , Qu Hui Ling , Zhang Yan , Wu Xin , Ji Qian Xin , Zhang Zhuo , Li Dan
Published: June 2024

Closed head injury is a prevalent form of traumatic brain injury with poorly understood effects on cortical neural circuits. Given the emotional and behavioral impairments linked to closed head injury, it is vital to uncover brain functional deficits and their driving mechanisms. In this study, we employed a robust viral tracing technique to identify the alteration of the neural pathway connecting the medial prefrontal cortex to the basolateral amygdala, and we observed the disruptions in neuronal projections between the medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala following closed head injury. Remarkably, our results highlight that ZL006, an inhibitor targeting PSD-95/nNOS interaction, stands out for its ability to selectively reverse these aberrations. Specifically, ZL006 effectively mitigates the disruptions in neuronal projections from the medial prefrontal cortex to basolateral amygdala induced by closed head injury. Furthermore, using chemogenetic approaches, we elucidate that activating the medial prefrontal cortex projections to the basolateral amygdala circuit produces anxiolytic effects, aligning with the therapeutic potential of ZL006. Additionally, ZL006 administration effectively mitigates astrocyte activation, leading to the restoration of medial prefrontal cortex glutamatergic neuron activity. Moreover, in the context of attenuating anxiety-like behaviors through ZL006 treatment, we observe a reduction in closed head injury–induced astrocyte engulfment, which may correlate with the observed decrease in dendritic spine density of medial prefrontal cortex glutamatergic neurons.
The influence of spatial and temporal attention on visual awareness—a behavioral and ERP study
Authors: Ciupińska Kinga , Orłowska Wiktoria , Zębrowski Aleksander , Łępa Laura , Koculak Marcin , Bola Michał , Wierzchoń Michał
Published: June 2024

Whether attention is a prerequisite of perceptual awareness or an independent and dissociable process remains a matter of debate. Importantly, understanding the relation between attention and awareness is probably not possible without taking into account the fact that both are heterogeneous and multifaceted mechanisms. Therefore, the present study tested the impact on visual awareness of two attentional mechanisms proposed by the Posner model: temporal alerting and spatio-temporal orienting. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of attention on the perceptual level, by measuring objective and subjective awareness of a threshold-level stimulus; and on the neural level, by investigating how attention affects two postulated event-related potential correlates of awareness. We found that alerting and orienting mechanisms additively facilitate perceptual consciousness, with activation of the latter resulting in the most vivid awareness. Furthermore, we found that late positivity is unlikely to constitute a neural correlate of consciousness as its amplitude was modulated by both attentional mechanisms, but early visual awareness negativity was independent of the alerting and orienting mechanisms. In conclusion, our study reveals a nuanced relationship between attention and awareness; moreover, by investigating the effect of the alerting mechanism, this study provides insights into the role of temporal attention in perceptual consciousness.
Globus pallidus externus drives increase in network-wide alpha power with propofol-induced loss-of-consciousness in humans
Authors: Thum Jasmine A , Malekmohammadi Mahsa , Toker Daniel , Sparks Hiro , Alijanpourotaghsara Amirreza , Choi Jeong Woo , Hudson Andrew E , Monti Martin M , Pouratian Nader
Published: June 2024

States of consciousness are likely mediated by multiple parallel yet interacting cortico-subcortical recurrent networks. Although the mesocircuit model has implicated the pallidocortical circuit as one such network, this circuit has not been extensively evaluated to identify network-level electrophysiological changes related to loss of consciousness (LOC). We characterize changes in the mesocircuit in awake versus propofol-induced LOC in humans by directly simultaneously recording from sensorimotor cortices (S1/M1) and globus pallidus interna and externa (GPi/GPe) in 12 patients with Parkinson disease undergoing deep brain stimulator implantation. Propofol-induced LOC is associated with increases in local power up to 20 Hz in GPi, 35 Hz in GPe, and 100 Hz in S1/M1. LOC is likewise marked by increased pallidocortical alpha synchrony across all nodes, with increased alpha/low beta Granger causal (GC) flow from GPe to all other nodes. In contrast, LOC is associated with decreased network-wide beta coupling and beta GC from M1 to the rest of the network. Results implicate an important and possibly central role of GPe in mediating LOC-related increases in alpha power, supporting a significant role of the GPe in modulating cortico-subcortical circuits for consciousness. Simultaneous LOC-related suppression of beta synchrony highlights that distinct oscillatory frequencies act independently, conveying unique network activity.
Single Method for Determination of Biocides Benzalkonium Chloride, Chloroxylenol and Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Cosmetics, Hygiene and Health Care Products by Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Thangarathinam Kumar , Narayanan Meenakshi , Kumar KS Ashwin , Arjunan Banupriya , Raja Divya Bhavani
Published: June 2024

Benzalkonium chloride (BKC), chloroxylenol (PCMX) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) are widely recognized biocidal compounds that require precise control and monitoring in various applications, including cosmetics, hygiene, health and ophthalmic products. In this study, we present a straightforward and highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the detection of these substances. The HPLC method we developed allows for the detection of BKC at concentrations as low as 1.0 ppm, PCMX at 1.0 ppm and CHG at 2.0 ppm, all with a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio exceeding 3.0. Additionally, the method enables quantification up to 2.0 ppm for BKC, 2.0 ppm for PCMX and 5 ppm for CHG, with an S/N ratio surpassing 10.0. This validated method serves as a versatile tool for the accurate quantification of BKC, PCMX and CHG in cosmetics, hygiene products, health products and ophthalmic products. Its applicability extends across a wide range of industries, ensuring the reliable assessment of these critical biocides.
Finding land for the circular economy: territorial dynamics and spatial experimentation in the post-industrial city
Authors: Baumgartner Jasmin , Bassens David , De Temmerman Niels
Published: June 2024

The emergence of European-wide circular city agendas calls attention to the integration of circular economy (CE) policies in urban development trajectories. In post-industrial contexts like the Brussels Capital Region (BE), land scarcity and industrial gentrification pose significant challenges for emerging circular activities that do not conform to traditional economic valuation criteria. This article highlights the significance of land as a central resource and contested means for circularity transitions through qualitative research on cases of urban circular economy hubs. We propose a spatial approach for investigating these spaces, examining the influence of regional territorial policies, land value dynamics and the planning system. Resulting from these interplays are diverse forms of circular spatial experimentation, manifesting in three local pathways (i.e. anchoring, transitory and transformative). Public versus private land ownership, stakeholder expectations, and the dual role of public institutions are the primary drivers affecting the durability and socio-economic orientation of circular economy hubs in the city.
Long-term effect of increasing water intake on repeated self-assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Rangan Gopala , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Boudville Neil , Fernando Mangalee , Haloob Imad , Harris David C H , Hawley Carmel M , Kumar Karthik , Johnson David W , Lee Vincent W , Mai Jun , Rangan Anna , Roger Simon D , Sagar Priyanka , Sud Kamal , Torres Vicente , Vilayur Eswari
Published: June 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effect of increasing water intake in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) on longitudinal changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the setting of a clinical trial.

Methods

Self-completed HRQoL (using the KDQoL-SF, v.1.3 questionnaire) was assessed annually in participants of a 3-year randomized controlled clinical trial (n = 187), allocated (1:1) either to increase water intake to reduce urine osmolality to ≤270 mosmol/kg (implemented by dietetic coaching, self-monitoring tools, text messaging) or continue usual water intake.

Results

Overall, 96% and 81.8% of participants (n = 187) completed the questionnaire at the baseline and final study visits, respectively. At baseline, the physical component summary score (PCS) and mental component summary score (MCS) were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05) and the five dimensions with the lowest scores in both groups were: energy and fatigue; general and overall health; sleep; emotional well-being; and pain. Within each group, there were no longitudinal changes over time. At the final visit, the PCS was higher in the increased water intake group (51.3 ± 7.6, mean ± standard deviation) compared to the usual water intake group 48.8 ± 9.3; P = 0.037) whereas the MCS was numerically similar. The improvement in the PCS was due to higher sub-scale values for physical functioning and pain (both P < 0.05). By multivariate analysis, only baseline PCS and height-corrected total kidney volume were associated with the final PCS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

HRQoL scores remained stable over a 3 year period, and were not adversely affected by the intervention to increase water intake. Future studies should evaluate the clinical significance of the higher PCS in the increased water intake group.
Physical exercise in haemodialysis patients: which type of exercise is more convenient?
Authors: Halle Martin , Manfredini Fabio , Floege Jürgen , Zoccali Carmine
Published: June 2024

Randomized intra-haemodialysis and home-based exercise trials have demonstrated similar efficacy in improving physical performance, particularly in increasing walking distance. During dialysis sessions, patients can engage in structured, supervised activities such as cycling or resistance exercises, ensuring safety and immediate feedback from healthcare professionals. This structured nature can significantly enhance adherence, making exercise a regular part of the patient's treatment schedule. Home-based exercise offers flexibility and convenience. Patients can incorporate activities like walking, stretching or using resistance bands into their daily lives. This flexibility allows patients to exercise at their own pace and according to their preferences, fostering independence and self-management. By continuing physical activity at home, patients can maintain continuity in their exercise regimen, which is crucial for long-term health benefits. Combining both intra-haemodialysis and home-based exercises has the potential to improve overall adherence to exercise programs. Strategies such as patient education, customized plans, monitoring and feedback, and support systems can help combine these two exercise types. By integrating these two modalities, healthcare providers can create a comprehensive and balanced exercise regimen that enhances adherence, promotes independence and maximizes health benefits for dialysis patients, fostering long-term health and well-being through sustained physical activity. However, this dual approach, which caters to both the need for medical supervision and the desire for personal autonomy, has yet to be tested in randomized trials.
Aggression, Capitalism, and International Law: Missed Opportunities or Structural Constraints?
Authors: Tzouvala Ntina
Published: June 2024

The recent revival of geopolitical competition has been accompanied by the meteoric rise of military spending across the globe. In light of this development, this article advances three claims. First, I posit that the political economy of war should be of concern to international lawyers and to anyone who is committed to peace. Second, I show that international law has been consistently unsuccessful and is currently singularly unambitious when it comes to naming, regulating, and sanctioning the political economy of war. Finally, I argue that the consistent failure of the field cannot be wholly attributed to historical contingencies. Rather, this is because armaments exist in the intersection of two logics, the logic of the state and the logic of the market, that have mystifying effects, even though the modalities of obfuscation are markedly different. The logic of the state makes the political economy of war hard to counter by law because it treats it as too exceptional, while the logic of the market does the same but by treating it as too pedestrian and ordinary. This convergence of logic creates layers of obfuscation that are not reducible to (international) law, but (international) law can nevertheless play a role in making it more or less opaque.