bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To Adopt or Not to Adopt: Contextualizing Police Body-Worn Cameras Through Structural Contingency and Institutional Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Smith Justin J.
Published: May 2019

There has been an increase in the adoption of body-worn cameras (BWCs) by law enforcement agencies in the United States and abroad. While several studies have showed promising results in officer satisfaction, community satisfaction, and other outcomes, the rationale for the adoption and diffusion of this technology has received little attention.This article suggests that agency adoption of BWCs can be understood through two competing theoretical frameworks: structural contingency theory and institutional theory. Intended as a research note, the paper sets up a number of testable propositions and hypotheses pertaining to BWCs as contextualized through these theories and measurable through the recent Law Enforcement Management Administrative Statistics-Body-Worn Camera Supplement.
Venous Thromboembolism in Neurocritical Care Patients
Authors: Viarasilpa Tanuwong , Panyavachiraporn Nicha , Jordan Jack , Marashi Seyed Mani , van Harn Meredith , Akioyamen Noel O. , Kowalski Robert G. , Mayer Stephan A.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially life-threatening complication among critically ill patients. Neurocritical care patients are presumed to be at high risk for VTE; however, data regarding risk factors in this population are limited. We designed this study to evaluate the frequency, risk factors, and clinical impact of VTE in neurocritical care patients.

Methods:

We obtained data from the electronic medical record of all adult patients admitted to neurological intensive care unit (NICU) at Henry Ford Hospital between January 2015 and March 2018. Venous thromboembolism was defined as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or both diagnosed by Doppler, chest computed tomography (CT) angiography or ventilation–perfusion scan >24 hours after admission. Patients with ICU length of stay <24 hours or who received therapeutic anticoagulants or were diagnosed with VTE within 24 hours of admission were excluded.

Results:

Among 2188 consecutive NICU patients, 63 (2.9%) developed VTE. Prophylactic anticoagulant use was similar in patients with and without VTE (95% vs 92%; P = .482). Venous thromboembolism was associated with higher mortality (24% vs 13%, P = .019), and longer ICU (12 [interquartile range, IQR 5-23] vs 3 [IQR 2-8] days, P < .001) and hospital (22 [IQR 15-36] vs 8 [IQR 5-15] days, P < .001) length of stay. In a multivariable analysis, potentially modifiable predictors of VTE included central venous catheterization (odds ratio [OR] 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-5.38; P < .001) and longer duration of immobilization (Braden activity score <3, OR 1.07 per day; 95% CI, 1.05-1.09; P < .001). Nonmodifiable predictors included higher International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) scores (which accounts for age >60, prior VTE, cancer and thrombophilia; OR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.40-1.97; P < .001) and body mass index (OR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08; P = .007).

Conclusions:

Despite chemoprophylaxis, VTE still occurred in 2.9% of neurocritical care patients. Longer duration of immobilization and central venous catheterization are potentially modifiable risk factors for VTE in critically ill neurological patients.
Optimization of laminated composite plates subjected to nonuniform thermal loads
Authors: Emmanuel Nicholas P , Dharmaraja C , Sathya Sofia A , Vasudevan D
Published: May 2019

Fiber-reinforced laminated composite structures are extensively used in aircraft and aerospace industries for their high specific strength and stiffness. In such applications, they are generally subjected to nonuniform thermal loads due to change in thermal conditions. Therefore, the composite structures used in the applications in which they are subjected to nonuniform thermal loads must also be designed to withstand thermal loads. As mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced laminated composites are greatly influenced by the direction of fibers and stacking sequences, they are optimally varied in this article to maximize the critical buckling temperature of the composite plate. The ply angle and stacking sequence of the laminated composite plate are optimized using genetic algorithm to maximize the thermal buckling temperature. As the plate is subjected to different kinds of nonuniform thermal load cases, finite element technique is used to analyze the plate during the optimization process. As geometry and supporting conditions of the plate also have great influence on its thermal buckling strength, the investigation is further widened by carrying out the optimization process for the plate model constructed with various types of support conditions, aspect ratio, and nonuniform load cases. The numerical results clearly show the necessities that the optimum ply angle and stacking sequences are greatly varying based on the aspect ratio, support conditions, and nonuniform loading cases.
Why Should I Switch Off: Understanding the Barriers to Sustainable Consumption?
Authors: Malodia Suresh , Bhatt Alka Singh
Published: May 2019

This study identifies the barriers to sustainable consumption and measures the discriminating power of these barriers between groups having significant differences in their energy conservation behaviour. By analysing the response of 321 consumers to questionnaire survey in India, results reveal that belief in material growth is found to be the most important factor associated with the energy conservation behaviour across levels (grey, grey-green and green energy consumers). However, belief in technology is negatively associated with energy conservation efforts to all consumers. However, cynicism does not relate to energy conservation efforts. The results are significant to the agencies designing energy conservation campaigns aimed at modifying energy consumption behaviour of domestic consumers.
Innovations in Classroom Technology for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Boyle Joseph R. , Kennedy Michael J.
Published: May 2019

Students with high-incidence disabilities (e.g., learning disabilities, emotional behavior disorders, and autism spectrum disorders) often receive most of their education in general education classrooms. Once in these classrooms, students with disabilities are expected to learn from the general education curriculum. For students with disabilities participating in general education and inclusion classrooms, technology offers an opportunity for them to be active participants in classroom activities and to make meaningful progress in the general education curriculum. The articles presented in this special issue illustrate how technology can help students with disabilities to become active participants in general education classrooms. The technologies described in the articles were developed as research-to-practice pieces so that practitioners can integrate the technology into their classrooms. This issue focuses on two themes: (a) technology to support student learning in inclusive or general education classrooms and (b) technology to promote student engagement and enhance performance feedback of teachers.
Building Healthy Relationships: A Conversation With Dr. Ellen McGinnis-Smith
Authors: Zabel Robert H. , Teagarden James , Kaff Marilyn
Published: May 2019

Dr. McGinnis-Smith earned a PhD in special education with emphasis in EBD at the University of Iowa and an administrator certification from Drake University. She is coauthor of the social skills teaching series Skillstreaming. She also coauthored with Richard Simpson Skillstreaming Children and Youth with High Functioning Autism and Social Skills Success for Students with Asperger Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism. Dr. McGinnis-Smith recently retired as the Mental Health and Dispute Resolution Consultant for the Iowa Department of Public Instruction. Throughout her career, Dr. McGinnis-Smith says her passion has been helping educators meet the needs of children and youth with mental health and behavioral concerns.
Use of a simulation-based advanced resuscitation training curriculum: Impact on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and patient outcomes
Authors: Young Amanda K , Maniaci Michael J , Simon Leslie V , Lowman Philip E , McKenna Ryan T , Thomas Colleen S , Cochuyt Jordan J , Vadeboncoeur Tyler F
Published: May 2019

Background

Despite a continued focus on improved cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality, survival remains low from in-hospital cardiac arrest. Advanced Resuscitation Training has been shown to improve survival to hospital discharge and survival with good neurological outcome following in-hospital cardiac arrest at its home institution. We sought to determine if Advanced Resuscitation Training implementation would improve patient outcomes and cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality at our institution.

Methods

This was a prospective, before–after study of adult in-hospital cardiac arrest victims who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed. During phase 1, standard institution cardiopulmonary resuscitation training was provided. During phase 2, providers received the same quantity of training, but with emphasis on Advanced Resuscitation Training principles. Primary outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital discharge, and neurologically favorable survival. Secondary outcomes were cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality parameters.

Results

A total of 156 adult in-hospital cardiac arrests occurred during the study period. Rates of return of spontaneous circulation improved from 58.1 to 86.3% with an adjusted odds ratios of 5.31 (95% CI: 2.23–14.35, P < 0.001). Survival to discharge increased from 26.7 to 41.2%, adjusted odds ratios 2.17 (95% CI: 1.02–4.67, P < 0.05). Survival with a good neurological outcome increased from 24.8 to 35.3%, but was not statistically significant. Target chest compression rate increased from 30.4% of patients in P1 to 65.6% in P2, adjusted odds ratios 4.27 (95% CI: 1.72–11.12, P = 0.002), and target depth increased from 23.2% in P1 to 46.9% in P2, adjusted odds ratios 2.92 (95% CI: 1.16–7.54, P = 0.024).

Conclusions

After Advanced Resuscitation Training implementation, there were significant improvements in cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and rates of return of spontaneous circulation and survival to discharge.
Cytotoxicity to Five Cancer Cell Lines of the Respiratory Tract System and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Thai Traditional Remedy
Authors: Juckmeta Thana , Pipatrattanaseree Weerachai , Jaidee Wuttichai , Dechayont Bhanuz , Chunthorng-Orn Jitpisute , Andersen Raymond J. , Itharat Arunporn
Published: May 2019

A Thai traditional remedy called Benchalokawichian (BLW) consists of 5 plant species, Ficus racemosa, Capparis micracantha, Clerodendrum petasites, Harrisonia perforata, and Tiliacora triandra. It has long been used in Thai traditional medicine to reduce fever in respiratory tract infection, but there is no report on either cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines of the respiratory tract system or anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, the objectives of this research were to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic and water extracts of BLW, its single plant ingredients and its isolated compounds against 5 cancer cell lines of the respiratory tract, by SRB assay. Anti-inflammatory activity of all extracts and compounds was also tested by using lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells. The main compounds were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared with BLW and plant ingredients. A major compound of BLW and H. perforata ethanolic extracts is perforatic acid, which inhibited the growth of 2 lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H226, with IC50 values of 6.7 and 13.2 µg/mL. The ethanolic extract of BLW and T. triandra showed cytotoxic activity against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 10.1 to 45.2 µg/mL. In contrast, all EtOH extracts showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity, but the water extract had no inhibitory effect on either activity. Pectolinarigenin and O-methyllaloptaeroxyrin, 2 minor compounds, exhibited NO inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 7.1 and 7.9 µg/mL, respectively, whereas perforatic acid was inactive (>50 µg/mL). Moreover, pectolinarigenin showed high cytotoxic activity against all cancer cell lines of the respiratory system with IC50 values in the range of 1.9 to 9.1 µg/mL. As a result, these 2 minor compounds can be used as markers for quality control of BLW for anti-inflammatory activity. Perforatic acid and pectolinarigenin are of interest for further study on their cytotoxic mechanism. Remarkably, T. triandra, one of the plant components of BLW, is possibly the source of the active cytotoxic compounds.
Predicting Imminent Suicidal Thoughts and Nonfatal Attempts: The Role of Complexity
Authors: Ribeiro Jessica D. , Huang Xieyining , Fox Kathryn R. , Walsh Colin G. , Linthicum Kathryn P.
Published: May 2019

For decades, our ability to predict suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) has been at near-chance levels. The objective of this study was to advance prediction by addressing two major methodological constraints pervasive in past research: (a) the reliance on long follow-ups and (b) the application of simple conceptualizations of risk. Participants were 1,021 high-risk suicidal and/or self-injuring individuals recruited worldwide. Assessments occurred at baseline and 3, 14, and 28 days after baseline using a range of implicit and self-report measures. Retention was high across all time points (> 90%). Risk algorithms were derived and compared with univariate analyses at each follow-up. Results indicated that short-term prediction alone did not improve prediction for attempts, even using commonly cited “warning signs”; however, a small set of factors did provide fair-to-good short-term prediction of ideation. Machine learning produced considerable improvements for both outcomes across follow-ups. Results underscore the importance of complexity in the conceptualization of STBs.
“Who Cares?”: Investigating Consistency in Expressions of Racial Apathy among Whites
Authors: Brown Tony N. , Bento Asia , Gorman Quintin , Koku Lydia , Culver Julian
Published: May 2019

Survey researchers theorize that how whites express racial prejudice changes across time. They argue one of its contemporary forms is racial apathy (i.e., not caring about racial equality). However, few empirical studies characterize racial apathy. To fill this gap, the present study addresses consistency in racial apathy across time at the population level and individual level. Using three waves of panel data (i.e., 2003, 2007–2008, and 2013) from the National Study of Youth and Religion, the authors examine the distribution of racial apathy at each wave. The authors then cross-tabulate racial apathy at wave 1 and wave 3, wave 3 and wave 4, and wave 1 and wave 4. The authors next explore correlates of individual-level consistency in racial apathy across time. Results reveal strong population-level consistency concurrent with weak individual-level consistency in the distribution of racial apathy. Furthermore, few correlates predict individual-level consistency.
Ambidexterity in CHRO Roles: Balancing Exploitative with Explorative Roles
Authors: Srinivasan Vasanthi , Makhecha Upam Pushpak
Published: May 2019

In the volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environment, Chief Human Resource Officers (CHROs) have a critical role to play in order to ensure that organisations have necessary human capital and human resource capabilities to deal with multiple strategic shifts. The analysis of data collected in our study reveals that future CHROs acknowledge dual roles—strategic and operational—that they would have to deliver on. While the strategic role is explorative in nature, the operational role is more exploitative in nature and hence the need for ambidexterity in CHRO roles.
Effect of ertugliflozin on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a post hoc pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Jie , Pong Annpey , Gallo Silvina , Darekar Amanda , Terra Steven G.
Published: May 2019

Background

The efficacy of ertugliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, for glycemic and blood pressure (BP) control has been demonstrated in phase 3 studies. To further evaluate the effects of ertugliflozin on BP and other hemodynamic parameters, an analysis was conducted on the pooled patient populations from these studies.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of data from three phase 3 studies (NCT01958671, NCT02033889, and NCT02036515) of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received placebo, ertugliflozin 5 mg, or ertugliflozin 15 mg. Outcomes at 26 weeks were analyzed for the pooled population and according to relevant baseline factors, including BP.

Results

Of the 1544 patients included (placebo, n = 515; ertugliflozin 5 mg, n = 519; ertugliflozin 15 mg, n = 510), most (67.4–69.0%) had hypertension at baseline. Mean baseline BP was similar across treatment groups (placebo, 129.7/78.0 mmHg; ertugliflozin 5 mg, 131.0/78.4 mmHg; ertugliflozin 15 mg, 130.5/78.4 mmHg). At Week 26, placebo-adjusted least squares (LS) mean changes (95% confidence intervals [CI]) from baseline in systolic BP (SBP) were − 3.7 mmHg (− 5.1, − 2.3) for both ertugliflozin doses. Reductions were consistent across all baseline subgroups. At Week 26, more patients with a baseline SBP ≥ 130 mmHg had a SBP < 130 mmHg with ertugliflozin (38.7% both doses) than with placebo (24.0%), and more patients with a baseline SBP ≥ 140 mmHg attained a SBP < 140 mmHg with ertugliflozin (59.5% [5 mg] and 66.7% [15 mg]) than with placebo (43.8%). Placebo-adjusted LS mean changes (95% CI) in diastolic BP (DBP) with ertugliflozin 5 mg and 15 mg were − 1.8 mmHg (− 2.7, − 0.9) and − 1.6 mmHg (− 2.5, −  0.7), respectively, and in pulse rate were − 1.3 beats per minute (bpm) (− 2.2, − 0.3) and − 1.5 bpm (− 2.5, − 0.6), respectively. Greater reductions in pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and double product were observed with ertugliflozin than with placebo. Incidence of adverse event-related osmotic diuresis was low, but greater with ertugliflozin (2.9% [5 mg], 2.4% [15 mg]) than placebo (1.0%).

Conclusion

Ertugliflozin treatment led to reductions in SBP, DBP, and pulse rate relative to placebo. Reductions in SBP were generally consistent across the subgroups evaluated.

Trial registrationNCT01958671; NCT02033889; NCT02036515
miRNA Profiles in Extracellular Vesicles From Serum Early in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gillet Virginie , Ouellet Annie , Stepanov Yulia , Rodosthenous Rodosthenis S , Croft Erika Kathe , Brennan Kasey , Abdelouahab Nadia , Baccarelli Andrea , Takser Larissa
Published: May 2019

Context

Underlying mechanisms leading to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are still under investigation, and it is unclear whether the placenta plays a role in triggering glucose intolerance or if its functions are modified in response to the hyperglycemia. Circulating miRNAs are involved in placental development and function and are encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Objective

To compare differential expression of miRNAs in circulating EVs in pregnancies complicated by GDM vs controls.

Methods

This was a case-control study nested in a prospective pregnancy cohort including 23 women with GDM and 46 matched controls. The presence of serum EVs in early pregnancy was validated by transmission electron microscopy. Placental dimensions were assessed at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation. Differential expression of 17 miRNAs encapsulated in EVs (miR‒122-5p, miR‒132-3p, miR-1323, miR‒182-3p, miR‒210-3p, miR‒29a-3p, miR‒29b-3p, miR‒342-3p, miR‒517-5p, miR‒517a-3p, miR‒518b, miR-520h, miR‒525-5p, miR‒136-5p, miR‒342-3p, miR‒376c-5p, and miR‒494-3p) was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

Results

EVs were present in the early phase of placentation (6 to 15 weeks of gestation) in both cases and controls. No differences were observed for placental dimensions and estimated placental volume between GDM and control groups. Ten miRNAs (miR‒122-5p; miR‒132-3p; miR‒1323; miR‒136-5p; miR‒182-3p; miR‒210-3p; miR‒29a-3p; miR‒29b-3p; miR‒342-3p, and miR-520h) showed significantly higher levels in GDM cases than in controls (P ≤ 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that these miRNAs are involved in trophoblast proliferation/differentiation as well as in insulin secretion/regulation and glucose transport in pregnant women.

Conclusion

The miRNA content of blood EVs may be a promising avenue for studying the early effect of impaired glucose metabolism on placental development.
Haptic Tactic
Authors: Delgado Huitrón Cynthia Citlallin
Published: May 2019

In 2017, Mexican transfeminist artist and activist Lia García (La Novia Sirena) made weekly visits to dorm 10Bis of the prison Reclusorio Norte, engaging in performative actions with a group of cis-male prisoners. Sprouting from images of Proyecto 10Bis (2017), this article argues that, within conditions of increasing violence and impunity, Lia transgenders touch in ways that, by (re)producing hypertenderness, serve as a balm for a hyperviolent state. Unpacking the haptics in the mechanics of production, and considering the Derridian impossibility of tact and of the law, the author argues that by placing herself—cuerpo y corazón—between the state and the body, Lia engenders a haptic tactic that, through a transgendered hypertender touch, activates transaffective resistances that contend with the law and the state.
A Man to Call Your Own
Authors: Arruda Lino
Published: May 2019

This comic was first featured in Quimer(d)a, a Brazilian autonomous collaborative comic zine made by travesti/trans* people. In this piece Lino Arruda attempts to address isolation, structural violence, and unintelligibility with humor as he fictionalizes true stories about his experiences coming out as transmasculine in Brazil.
Living on All Fours
Authors: Hernández Bernadine
Published: May 2019

En Cuatro Patas, part of the Pacific Standard Time Festival: Live Art LA/LA and translated as On All Fours, redefines the boundaries of the human through the animalistic, arthropod, subhuman, and transhuman. It is curated by Nao Bustamante and Xandra Ibarra, known as La Chica Boom, two artists who utilize ironic avant-garde, spectacle-driven kitsch performance aesthetics in their own right. Bustamante and Ibarra very specifically curated the performances to explore and embody the limits of the human in relation to the Latinx body, which interestingly pushes against and beyond queerness by evoking the prefix trans as Latinx transhuman.
Oliverio Rodriguez's The Last Seduction/La Seducción Fatal (2015–)
Authors: Adeyemi Kemi
Published: May 2019

This review of Oliverio Rodriguez's ongoing series The Last Seduction/La Seducción Fatal examines how his images press against European and South American “masters” of painting through explicitly queer and kinky optics. As Rodriguez uses collage techniques to activate the obvious, he creates a suite that theorizes the queerer grounds on which alternate modes of imaging might reflect the broader, more nuanced and quotidian practices of inhabiting bodies marked as other.
Motion-in-depth perception and prey capture in the praying mantisSphodromantis lineola
Authors: Nityananda Vivek , Joubier Coline , Tan Jerry , Tarawneh Ghaith , Read Jenny C. A.
Published: May 2019

Perceiving motion-in-depth is essential to detecting approaching or receding objects, predators and prey. This can be achieved using several cues, including binocular stereoscopic cues such as changing disparity and interocular velocity differences, and monocular cues such as looming. While these have been studied in detail in humans, only looming responses have been well characterized in insects and we know nothing about the role of stereo cues and how they might interact with looming cues. We used our 3D insect cinema in a series of experiments to investigate the role of the stereo cues mentioned above, as well as looming, in the perception of motion-in-depth during predatory strikes by the praying mantis Sphodromantis lineola. Our results show that motion-in-depth does increase the probability of mantis strikes but only for the classic looming stimulus, an expanding luminance edge. Approach indicated by radial motion of a texture or expansion of a motion-defined edge, or by stereoscopic cues, all failed to elicit increased striking. We conclude that mantises use stereopsis to detect depth but not motion-in-depth, which is detected via looming.
Risk factors of knee osteoarthritis: A case-control study
Authors: Moghimi Nasrin , Rahmani Khaled , Delpisheh Ali , Saidi Afshin , Azadi Namam Ali , Afkhamzadeh Abdorrahim
Published: May 2019

Background and Objective: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common rheumatologic problems. To investigate risk factors related to the knee osteoarthritis a case-control study was performed using cases diagnosed in the Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) study, stage I.

Methods: Using data from the 2012 COPCORD study, stage-I that was conducted in Sanandaj, northwestern of Iran, we runned a case-control study in 2014-2015. Cases were 700 knee osteoarthritis using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, frequency matched with 700 healthy controls that were randomly selected from the general population.

Results: In multivariate analysis, statistical significant relation was observed between knee OA and some studied factors such as body mass index (P <0.001), lodging (living in highland vs. plain) (P <0.001), type of used toilet (regular vs. toilet) (P <0.001), history of using high-heeled shoes (>3 cm) (P = 0.005), history of knee Injury (P = 0.04), history of lower limb fracture (P = 0.02), Number of pregnancies (P <0.001) and history of pain and swelling (lasting for one months) (P = 0.04).

Conclusions: Living in highland area, using regular toilet, having knee injury and lower limb fracture in the past were most significant associated factors with occurrence of knee osteoarthritis.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.277

How to cite this:Moghimi N, Rahmani K, Delpisheh A, Saidi A, Azadi NA, Afkhamzadeh A. Risk factors of knee osteoarthritis: A case-control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):636-640. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.277

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Non-Face to Face Student Learning Time: An ocean in Medical Education
Authors: Akram Ashfaq
Published: May 2019

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.935
Medical Education in Iraq: The cradle of Civilisation
Authors: Zaidi Shabih H , Abutiheen Ali
Published: May 2019

Medical education is in a state of flux in Iraq. What used to be the best physicians and surgeons in the Arab world have fallen down to much lower status due to deliberate neglect and punishment of the intellectuals and professionals by the previous authorities. Once again medical educators and health professional are gaining momentum, gathering national and international support, to enter the contemporary world of medical education employing an integrated curriculum, PBL and Problem Solving Methods, Skill labs, simulation and structuring etc. Much needs to be done to return to formal glory but Iraqis are a dynamic nation of determined, dedicated and committed people. It is up to the international community to join hands with the Medics International to expedite the process. One such effort was the medical education conference held on 15-16 September 2018 with large input from medical educationists from Pakistan.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.972

How to cite this:Zaidi SH, Abutiheen A. Medical Education in Iraq: The cradle of Civilisation. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):868-872. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.972

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Completely Positive Binary Tensors
Authors: Fan Jinyan , Nie Jiawang , Zhou Anwa
Published: May 2019

A symmetric tensor is completely positive (CP) if it is a sum of tensor powers of nonnegative vectors. This paper characterizes completely positive binary tensors. We show that a binary tensor is completely positive if and only if it satisfies two linear matrix inequalities. This result can be used to determine whether a binary tensor is completely positive or not. When it is, we give an algorithm for computing its cp-rank and the decomposition. When the order is odd, we show that the cp-rank decomposition is unique. When the order is even, we completely characterize when the cp-rank decomposition is unique. We also discuss how to compute the nearest cp-approximation when a binary tensor is not completely positive.
O cuidado no espaço escolar: ampliando as possibilidades de cuidar
Authors: Santos Daniela Celeste Contim dos
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo se destina a pensar como o cuidado pode ser performado nas práticas realizadas nos espaços escolares, partindo da orientação teórico-metodológica da Teoria Ator-rede (TAR). Percebe-se que os alunos são aqueles os quais se deve conduzir e os professores, aqueles que devem conduzi-los, muitas vezes sem saber ao certo a utilidade e a finalidade do que estão ensinando. A proposta é repensar esse espaço especialmente a partir das contribuições da obra de Annemarie Mol (2006) em seu livro A Lógica do Cuidado – Saúde e o problema da escolha do paciente. A autora propõe que o cuidado tem uma Lógica própria, intitulada por ela como Lógica do Cuidado, a qual se contrapõe à Lógica da Escolha. Ambas apresentam diferentes formas de estabelecer relações de cuidado que podem ampliar a rede do cuidar, sendo considerados todos os atores que a performam, compreendendo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem enquanto um conjunto de afetações, integrando a afetividade e a cognição.
Circulação de crianças e adolescentes na rede tecida pelo Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (PETI)
Authors: Bonamigo Irme Salete , Tondin Celso Francisco , Szytko Misael , Moro Eduarda , Ramos Tiago , Biazi Giovane
Published: May 2019

O Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (PETI) é uma política social que visa proteger crianças e adolescentes, de sete a 15 anos, e contribuir para o seu desenvolvimento integral. Este artigo discute as implicações do PETI no cotidiano de crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias, com base em pesquisa realizada em Chapecó (SC) no ano de 2013. As informações foram produzidas por meio de acompanhamento das atividades desenvolvidas no programa e realização de entrevistas com três crianças, uma adolescente, suas famílias e profissionais. Foi utilizada a Teoria Ator-Rede como dispositivo teórico-metodológico para o desenvolvimento do estudo, cujos resultados indicam a importância do PETI para os participantes pela possibilidade de convivência em espaço considerado seguro, com atividades que contribuem para o desenvolvimento social, afetivo e pedagógico. No entanto, o programa não garante a participação integral das crianças e adolescentes em situação de trabalho infantil, pois elas deixam de frequentá-lo quando precisam auxiliar seus responsáveis em tarefas no âmbito familiar. Analisa-se que a rede que vem sendo tecida ainda não possibilita uma transformação efetiva quanto à erradicação do trabalho infantil, necessitando da conexão de outros atores para que os pais possam ao mesmo tempo trabalhar, ter a casa cuidada e seus filhos protegidos.
Do mal-entendido promissor à multiplicação de vozes: considerações acerca das estratégias metodológicas para a elaboração de uma cartografia de organizações da sociedade civil
Authors: Pedro Rosa Maria Leite Ribeiro , Moreira Mariana De Castro
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo objetiva explorar algumas das estratégias de produção de conhecimento, a partir dos desafios e possibilidades geradas pela Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) no campo da pesquisa em Psicologia. Tomamos como porta de entrada para tal exploração uma pesquisa por nós realizada, lançando um olhar especial para o campo dos projetos sociais como territórios de ação ou dispositivos que dão materialidade às assim chamadas Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSC). Dois aspectos se revelaram particularmente férteis nesse processo: a noção de mal-entendido promissor (Despret, 1999) e a de cartografia de controvérsias (Latour, 2005). Concluímos apontando a potência metodológica e ontológica desses conceitos que possibilitam, por um lado, multiplicar vozes e versões e, por outro, reconhecer provisoriedade, parcialidade e incompletude de qualquer diagnóstico dos tempos atuais, além de comprometer o pesquisador com o que ele "faz existir" em sua pesquisa.
O Plano Juventude Viva e a rede de políticas de juventude para enfrentamento à violência em Alagoas
Authors: Faustino Graciele Oliveira , Hüning Simone Maria
Published: May 2019

Neste artigo, discutimos as políticas públicas de juventude para enfrentamento à violência, que estão sendo desenvolvidas em Alagoas. Utilizamos a Teoria Ator-Rede e considerando a implantação do Plano Juventude Viva (PJV) buscamos contribuir com o campo de estudo da juventude e políticas públicas, analisando especificamente as controvérsias em torno da constituição do público alvo e das propostas do referido plano em Alagoas. Nossa análise indica a imprecisão na delimitação do segmento da juventude a quem se destina o plano, a fragilidade da ação intersetorial e a falta de especificidade de intervenção desses programas sobre condições históricas de exclusão da juventude no estado, dentre as quais o racismo.
Estudios experimentales de la percepción desde la profesionalización de la Psicología en Argentina
Authors: Piñeda María Andrea , Scherman Patricia
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho questiona o lugar que ocuparam os estudos experimentais sobre a percepção na Psicologia argentina, depois de sua profissionalização. Descreve-se três grupos que sistematicamente dedicaram-se ao tema entre a década de 1960 e a década de 1980: CIAL, LIS e UNCy/UNSL. São analisadas suas figuras principais e suas linhas de pesquisa. Indaga sobre o grau de coesão que alcançaram como comunidade científica nacional e, a partir de uma perspectiva policêntrica, descreve sua inserção internacional. Por fim, aborda aspectos institucionais e culturais próprios dos cursos de psicologia na Argentina que atuaram limitando o desenvolvimento dos estudos experimentais sobre a percepção.
Como arrancar a alma de crianças e torná-las sujeitos supostamente desalmados
Authors: Barros Rita Maria Manso de
Published: May 2019

Altoé, S. (2014). Infâncias perdidas: o cotidiano nos internatos-prisão. Rio de Janeiro: Revinter, 277 p. ISBN 978-85-372-0517-4
Hierarquia social e atribuição causal em auto e hetero-avaliações de desculpas
Authors: Damasceno Raissa , Franco Víthor Rosa , Sarmet Mauricio Miranda , Iglesias Fabio
Published: May 2019

Em contextos sociais, quando ocorre uma falha, frequentemente usam-se as mais diversas justificativas. A questão que emerge desse contexto é quão desculpável a justificativa se apresenta a depender de sua causa (externa, interna controlável ou interna incontrolável) e da hierarquia social de quem a pede. Esta pesquisa investigou efeitos de pedidos de desculpas, feitos por pessoas de hierarquias diferentes, entre três diferentes alvos de avaliação – auto (eu) e hetero (meus amigos e outros). Trezentos participantes responderam a cenários em que alguém (ora um professor, ora um aluno) se atrasa para um compromisso e oferece três tipos de desculpas que deveriam ser respondidas em três alvos de avaliação. Os resultados corroboraram o modelo de Weiner (2006), mostrando que desculpas com causas externas foram mais aceitáveis que as internas incontroláveis, seguidas das internas controláveis. Pedidos de desculpas feitos pelo professor, no entanto, foram menos aceitos. Na comparação entre auto e hetero-avaliação, confirmou-se o viés de falsa-unicidade, já que os respondentes julgaram aceitar mais os pedidos feitos a eles do que as outras pessoas aceitariam. Discutem-se aplicações para o contexto escolar, em especial para o gerenciamento de impressão em situações de hierarquia definida.
Privatização da saúde no Brasil: da ditadura do grande capital aos governos do PT | Privatization of healthcare in Brazil: from big capital dictatorship to the PT administrations
Authors: Cislaghi Juliana Fiuza
Published: May 2019

A construção do SUS se dá durante a ascensão do neoliberalismo como horizonte político hegemônico no Brasil na década de 1990. Resposta à crise do capital na busca pela retomada das taxas de lucro, o período traz profundas implicações para o Estado e as políticas sociais, colocados, cada vez mais, a serviço do capital, ainda que, residualmente, mantenham seu papel de garantir a reprodução da classe trabalhadora e a coesão social. Essa relação histórica entre público e privado no setor de saúde brasileiro, intercedida pelo papel do Estado e do fundo público na sua regulação e financiamento, irá, então, ganhar novos formatos e novas determinações. Palavras-Chave: política de saúde; privatização; fundo público. Abstract – The creation of SUS (the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System) occurs during the rise of neoliberalism as the political hegemony arising in Brazil in the 1990s. Responding to the crisis of capital in search of a return to profit rates, this period brought profound modifications to the Brazilian state and to social policies, which are increasingly put at the service of capital, even if, in the long run, they maintain their role of guaranteeing the reproduction of the working class and social cohesion. This historical relationship between public and private in the Brazilian healthcare sector, interceded by the roles of the state and of public funding in its regulation and financing, respectively, will then gain new formats and new determinations.Keywords: healthy Policy; privatization; public fund.
Construindo uma ontologia das relações patriarcais de gênero no Serviço Social | Building an ontology of patriarchal gender relations in Social Work
Authors: Ferreira Luciana Azevedo Souza
Published: May 2019

Resenha do livro Relações Patriarcais de Gênero e Serviço Social no Brasil (Rio de Janeiro: Editora Lumem Juris. 2018), de Leonardo Nogueira.
Assessing and addressing sexual concerns in individuals diagnosed with coronary artery disease
Authors: Maheu-Cadotte Marc-André , Fontaine Guillaume , Duchaine Caroline , Durel Natacha , Roussy Claudie , Mailhot Tanya
Published: May 2019

Background/Aims

Sexual concerns are frequently reported in people diagnosed with coronary artery disease. These concerns may be related to disorders in one or more phases of the sexual response cycle (i.e. desire, arousal and orgasm). Sexual concerns have been linked to anxiety, depressive symptoms and feelings of despair. As such, nurses should have an understanding of the aetiology of sexual concerns in this population and use appropriate assessment and support strategies.

Methods

This clinical article discusses several key aspects of evidence-based practice to assess and address sexual concerns in people diagnosed with coronary artery disease.

Findings

Early assessment of biological, psychological and pharmacological causes of sexual concerns should be carried out. Sexual counselling may be offered to meet specific information needs. Adding pharmacological agents and referring to a sex therapist can be considered to effectively address the sexual concerns of people within this population.

Conclusions

Approaches to sexual assessment, main information needs of patients with coronary artery disease regarding their sexual health, and support strategies are presented.
Our role in a family's crumbling world
Authors: Elsey Abbygail
Published: May 2019

Newly qualified paramedic at South Central Ambulance Service, Abbygail Elsey, shares a personal experience of loss and provides a reminder of just how much a paramedic's role matters to the families who call you to the scene of their loved one's death
DOPICO CAÍNZOS, María Dolores e VILLANUEVA ACUÑA, Manuel (Eds.), Clausus est Ianus (Augusto e a transformación do noroeste hispano). Servizo de Publicacións da Deputación de Lugo, 2016. ISBN: 978-84-8192-526-5.
Authors: D’Encarnação José
Published: May 2019

Recensão
ESTRATÉGIA AMBIDESTRA EM REDES DE RESTAURANTES: O DILEMA “PADRONIZAÇÃO VS INOVAÇÃO”
Authors: Monteiro Júlia Gouveia de Melo do Rego , De Vargas Eduardo Raupp
Published: May 2019

As empresas de alimentação que se expandem através de replicação enfrentam dois desafios: a busca por exploration (capacidade de inovar) e exploitation (padronização). De um lado exploration está ligado a ideia de criação de novos processos e rotinas. Por outro, exploitation é a capacidade de aperfeiçoar processos já existentes. Perseguir simultaneamente essas duas capacidades é possuir uma estratégia ambidestra. Existem duas formas de ambidestria: estrutural e contextual. A ambidestria contextual parte da premissa que exploration e exploitation podem ser executadas pelo mesmo grupo de trabalho. A ambidestria estrutural, por sua vez, consiste na formação de estruturas organizacionais dedicadas a exploration/exploitation.

O objetivo deste artigo é entender como a redes de restaurantes perseguem estratégias ambidestras, determinando qual o tipo de ambidestria adotada em cada situação gerencial. Para atingir tal objetivo o presente estudo se desenvolveu a partir de 9 entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores com visão estratégica de redes de restaurantes da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.

Este estudo foi capaz de identificar dois níveis de ambidestria estrutural em redes de restaurantes: a natural e a deliberada. De forma análoga, foram encontrados níveis de engajamento das redes com a estratégia ambidestra na forma contextual: na cúpula da rede, na unidade dos restaurantes e no nível individual, dos funcionários das unidades.

Dessa forma, este artigo contribui para o debate acadêmico e para o gerenciamento estratégico da estratégia ambidestra em cadeias empresariais tendo como ponto de partida o trade off entre inovação e padronização.
TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DO COTIDIANO A PARTIR DE INTERVENÇÕES GOVERNAMENTAIS: O CASO DAS ACADEMIAS DA TERCEIRA IDADE (ATIS)
Authors: Guarnieri Fernanda , Chagas Priscilla Borgonhoni , Vieira Francisco Giovanni David
Published: May 2019

Ao articular de forma teórica o avanço sobre espaço e territórios no campo de Estudos Organizacionais com a abordagem sobre o cotidiano, o presente artigo busca compreender como ocorre a territorialização do cotidiano dos moradores de um determinado bairro a partir da produção do espaço urbano por meio de intervenções governamentais com a implantação de Academias da Terceira Idade (ATIs), que surgiram como uma estratégia para promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida, influenciada por um contexto marcado pela transição demográfica. O estudo tem uma perspectiva qualitativa e caráter descritivo. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados envolveram a pesquisa documental e a realização de trabalho de campo com entrevistas com idosos que frequentam semanalmente uma ATI em um dos bairros de Maringá, PR, município brasileiro onde foi inaugurada a primeira ATI nacional. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se que o espaço antes abandonado e sem uso por parte dos moradores do bairro é agora pautado pelas territorialidades cotidianas dos usuários, que o construíram diante de movimentos de apropriação e uso. Destaca-se, também, a intervenção governamental realizada sem impactos negativos para a população, de forma que a mesma apropriou-se de discursos que propagam os benefícios da ATI.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA DESIGN RESEARCH PARA A PRODUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA EM MESTRADOS E DOUTORADOS PROFISSIONAIS EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Alperstedt Graziela Dias , Feuerschütte Simone Ghisi , Da Silva Anielson Barbosa , Faraco Karina Matheus dos Santos
Published: May 2019

Este ensaio é produto de uma reflexão acerca da produção tecnológica em mestrados profissionais e a necessidade de um arcabouço teórico e metodológico que contribua para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas de natureza mais aplicada. Seu objetivo é, portanto, o de investigar a contribuição da design research para a produção tecnológica em mestrados profissionais na área de administração no Brasil. Buscamos inicialmente auxiliar na compreensão das causas que contribuíram para o surgimento dos mestrados profissionais no Brasil para posicionar o leitor sobre o objetivo a que nos propomos. Na sequência, o artigo trata do contexto do mestrado profissional e da produção tecnológica subjacente para, então, abordar a design research e sua contribuição para as pesquisas desenvolvidas em mestrados profissionais. Nas conclusões destacamos algumas questões que emergem a partir da reflexão sobre a aplicação da design research no contexto da pós-graduação profissional, revelando a necessidade de um grande investimento na pesquisa científica aplicada aos problemas reais. Por fim, aborda a grande responsabilidade daqueles que conduzem e integram os mestrados profissionais no Brasil, alegando que só a partir de um trabalho sério e sistemático é que o mestrado profissional conseguirá um lugar de destaque na academia brasileira de administração.
DISCOVERING AUTOSCOPY AS A MEANS TOWARDS REFLECTION AND LEARNING
Authors: Freitag Maria Salete Batista , Camargo Altair , Carvalho Jéssica Borges de , Aragão Ana Maria Falcão de
Published: May 2019

O caso aborda a experiência de formação de pesquisadores por meio da autoscopia, um dispositivo metodológico de natureza qualitativa com abordagem reflexiva. A autoscopia é uma alternativa ao uso de entrevistas em pesquisas qualitativas. Essa fase de pesquisa integra dois momentos: videogravação e sessões reflexivas. Objetiva-se nesse caso fomentar discussões sobre uma experiência vivencial e refletir acerca da viabilidade da aplicação da autoscopia. Conta a história do treinamento prático de pesquisadores, ao destacar os momentos de aprendizado durante o experimento que foi realizado com pesquisadores e bolsistas de uma Universidade Federal do Brasil. Além de narrar a implementação piloto da metodologia, o caso de ensino inclui objetivos de aprendizagem, questões de discussão e referências para ajudar na discussão do caso. É um método que implica reflexão e, portanto, apropriado para uso em disciplinas que trabalham com aprendizagem experiencial e treinamento em metodologia de pesquisa.
Assessment and final reports in foreign language lessons
Authors: Dvořáková Kateřina
Published: May 2019

Waldorf schools strive to create learning opportunities for well-rounded growth of the individual through the faculties of thinking, feeling and willing. Assessment, as perceived and practised in these schools, should in the first place be a means of supporting learning and development. Waldorf assessment abstains from grading, is qualitatively oriented, and deals with academic achievements as well the pupils’ artistic, emotional and physical development, both individually and as a group. This illustrative case study examines essential theoretical principles regarding assessment in Waldorf pedagogy and how these are practically implemented in a Czech elementary Waldorf school. Its empirical aim is to explore final reports from English as a foreign language in primary and lower-middle school and study how they reflect and respect the essential theoretical principles regarding assessment at Waldorf schools.