bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembled Organic Aerogel and Sponges for Rapid and Effective Absorption of Oil from Oil- Contaminated Soil Samples
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, OM Sterling Global University, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India, Saharan Yajvinder , Singh Joginder ,   Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India.
Published: May 2024

Crude oil spills pose significant risks to both marine ecosystems and human populations. Traditional remediation techniques have their limitations, prompting the exploration of innovative approaches. This study introduces a novel method involving the synthesis of a self-assembled sponge and organic aerogel. These materials were further modified using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) to impart hydrophobic properties. Characterization via SEM examination and FTIR spectroscopy revealed distinctive features, including bands at approximately 1050 cm-1 and 790 cm-1, indicative of alkyl side chain stretching by Si-O-C and C-H, respectively, enhancing the hydrophobicity of the materials. The SEM images depicted a random rough surface with abundant pores, facilitating oil adsorption from contaminated samples. Notably, after seven cycles of use with contaminated soil samples, the organic aerogel exhibited exceptional oil removal capacity, achieving 100% efficiency according to the Sears method. This innovative sponge and organic aerogel-based approach represents a promising advancement in environmental remediation, offering a highly efficient and sustainable solution for oil spill cleanup.
Trauma ocular como trauma psicosocial
Authors: Tejada José , Arriaza Alejandra , Sinclaire Danae , Vargas Alejandra
Published: May 2024

Pendiente
Verbal Language, Secondary Perception and the Emergence of Artistic Expression
Authors: Logan Robert K.
Published: May 2024

A study is made of verbal language and artistic expression in human communication and their link to secondary perception, the way perception changed once humans achieved verbal language. The connection of verbal language to artistic expression through secondary perception is made as is the explosion of new tools, altruism, a theory of mind and religious practice, which are explored.
Eric McLuhan, Marshall McLuhan, Walter Ong, and Connection Consciousness
Authors: Farrell Thomas J.
Published: May 2024

In this article, I highlight the lives and works of three distinguished media ecology theorists: (1) Eric McLuhan (1942-2018; Ph.D. in English, University of Dallas, 1982); (2) Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980; Ph.D. in English, Cambridge University, 1943); and(3) Walter J. Ong, S.J. (1912-2003; Ph.D. in English, Harvard University, 1955). Throughout this article, I use Eric McLuhan’s 2015 book The Sensus Communis, Synesthesia, and the Soul: An Odyssey as a touchstone for my discussion of connection consciousness. I round off this article by listing a wide range of other books and articles that are also related to connection consciousness.
THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS ON THE POSTAGE STAMPS OF FRANCO’S SPAIN.
Authors: Navarro Oltra Guillermo
Published: May 2024

Abstract: For Franco’s regime, as for most governments worldwide, stamps were a symbol of sovereignty and carriers of historical and spiritual values because they were an expression of an autonomous national entity. Through its Plan Iconográfico Nacional (National Iconographic Scheme), Franco’s regime shaped the image of Spain as shown on postage stamps. The scheme established a series of preferences about what should be - and, therefore, what should not be - on postage stamps. This paper will review the representations on postage stamps of the Catholic Monarchs during Francoism. Due to their direct link with Spain’s imperial past, the Monarchs were essential and emblematic characters of Franco’s dictatorial regime, which used them as reminders to the Spanish people of the most glorious period of Spain’s history. This strategy was meant to provide historical references to legitimize the new state established by Franco in the eyes of public opinion.
 
Keywords: philately, Spain, postage stamps, francoism, Catholic Monarchs
 
 
Resum: Per al règim de Franco, com per a la majoria dels governs del món, els segells eren un símbol de sobirania i portadors de valors històrics i espirituals, perquè eren expressió d’una entitat nacional autònoma. A través del seu Plan Iconográfico Nacional, el règim de Franco va donar forma a la imatge d’Espanya tal com es mostra en els segells postals. L’esquema establia una sèrie de preferències sobre el que hauria d’estar -i, per tant, el que no hauria d’estar- en els segells postals. Ara revisem les representacions dels Reis Catòlics als segells del franquisme. Pel vincle amb el passat imperial d’Espanya, els monarques van ser personatges essencials i emblemàtics del règim de Franco, que els va utilitzar per recordar al poble un període gloriós de la història. L’estratègia pretenia proporcionar referències històriques per a legitimar el nou Estat de Franco als ulls de l’opinió pública.
 
Paraules clau: filatèlia, Espanya, segells postals, franquisme, Reis Catòlics
UNA BIOGRAFIA CANÒNICA IL·LUSTRADA: «DE LOS EMPLEOS Y EXERCICIOS LITERARIOS DEL INFATIGABLE MAHONÉS EL DR. D. JUAN RAMIS Y RAMIS» (1819) DE FRANCESC PONS I CARRERAS
Authors: Paredes Baulida Maria
Published: May 2024

Resum: L’autor il·lustrat Joan Ramis moria el 12 de febrer del 1819 i, poc després, apareixia pòstumament el primer volum de la seva Historia política i civil de Menorca, precedida per la notícia «De los empleos y exercicios literarios del infatigable Mahonés el Dr. D. Juan Ramis y Ramis», la primera biografia de l’autor, amb caràcter canònic, de Francesc Pons i Carreras. Malgrat la relativa brevetat exigida per la naturalesa preliminar del text, una lectura atenta ens permet copsar, embolcallats per l’encomi i l’afany de veracitat històrica, un seguit d’elements discursius tradicionals i il·lustrats del gènere que mostren la interrelació entre exemplaritat moral i literària de l’escriptor i legitimen Joan Ramis com a referent de la seva època. Paraules clau: Joan Ramis, Francesc Pons i Carreras, biografia, canonització, Il·lustracióAbstract: The enlightened author Joan Ramis died on February 12, 1819 and, shortly after, the first volume of his Political and Civil History of Menorca appeared posthumously, preceded by «De los empleos y exercicios literarios del infatigable Mahonés el Dr. D. Juan Ramis y Ramis», the canonical biography of the author by Francesc Pons i Carreras. Despite the relative brevity required by the preliminary nature of the text, a careful reading allows us to grasp, enveloped by praise and the desire for historical veracity, a series of traditional and enlightened discursive elements of the genre that show the interrelationship between exemplary moral and literary of the writer and legitimize Joan Ramis as a model of his time.Keywords: Joan Ramis, Francesc Pons i Carreras, Biography, Canonization, Enlightenment
Cap a un ús crític de l’obra com a font d’investigació biogràfica: la «Vida de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra», de Gregori Maians i Siscar
Authors: Manyé de Gibert Mar
Published: May 2024

Resum: Gregori Maians i Siscar escriu la «Vida de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra» (1737) a partir de l’obra del biografiat. L’actitud crítica i selectiva amb què l’erudit se serveix d’aquesta font, però, insinua que no hi diposita una confiança absoluta. Ben al contrari, l’ús que Maians proposa de la producció literària de Cervantes suggereix que comença a intuir els problemes inherents a compondre la vida del poeta a partir dels seus escrits. El treball estudia la utilització que l’erudit fa de la literatura, les raons per què l’aprofita i la convicció amb què l’empra, amb la voluntat, precisament, de determinar el grau de consciència de Maians respecte de les implicacions de l’ús documental de l’obra. Paraules clau: Il·lustració, Gregori Maians, Cervantes, biografia, autoriaAbstract: Gregori Maians i Siscar writes the «Vida de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra» (1737) based on the works of the biographee. However, the critical and selective attitude with which the scholar makes use of this source suggests that he does not place absolute trust in it. On the contrary, Maians’ use of Cervantes’ literary corpus implies a degree of understanding of the problems inherent in composing the poet’s life from his writings. This study examines the scholar’s use of this literature, the reasons why he decides to utilise it, and the conviction with which he employs it. This is done to determine Maians’ level of awareness regarding the implications of the documentary use of the biographee’s works.Keywords: Enlightenment, Gregori Maians, Cervantes, biography, authorship
L’Ausiàs March barroc de l’hel·lenista Vicent Mariner (1633)
Authors: Solervicens Josep
Published: May 2024

Resum: El model de canonització de poetes en vulgar que instaura el Renaixement italià es va aplicar parcialment a Ausiàs March a partir de l’edició barcelonina de 1543, però un dels elements essencials d’aquest model, la vida de l’autor situada en els prolegòmens de la seva obra completa, no apareix, paradoxalment, fins a la publicació de la versió llatina del corpus poètic de March, a càrrec de l’hel·lenista valencià Vicent Mariner el 1633. Mariner és conscient que, procedint així, no solament aporta prestigi a March sinó que el canonitza i l’internacionalitza. Per fer-ho manté els patrons biogràfics que havien estat ben establerts al Renaixement italià i alguns dels paradigmes ja aplicats a March en els prolegòmens cinccentistes. Tanmateix, és rellevant que insereixi el paper del poeta i el sentit de la seva obra en un enfocament global vinculable ja al nou paradigma del Barroc, amb els conceptes d’enginy, agudesa i meravella com a elements centrals que expliquen la creativitat i la qualitat literària de March, com si d’un poeta coetani es tractés. Paraules clau: Ausiàs March, canonització, enginy, meravella, BarrocAbstract: The canonization model of Vernacular poets established by the Italian Renaissance was partially applied to Ausiàs March from the 1543 Barcelona edition, but one of the essential elements of this model, the life of the author located in the prolegomena of his complete work, does not appear, paradoxically, until the publication of the Latin version of March’s poetic corpus by the Valencian Hellenist Vicent Mariner in 1633. Mariner is aware that, by proceeding in this way, he does not only bring prestige to March but he canonizes and internationalizes the poet. To do this, he maintains the biographical patterns that had been well established in the Italian Renaissance and some of the paradigms already applied to March in the prolegomena of the 16th century. However, it is relevant that he inserts the role of the poet and the meaning of his work in a global approach that can already be linked to the new Baroque paradigm, with the concepts of ingenium, wit and wonder as central elements that explain March’s creativity and literary quality, as if it were a contemporary poet.Keywords: Ausiàs March, Canonization, Ingenium, Wonder, Baroque
L'empremta de la tradició biogràfica en la crítica literària de Joan Andrés
Authors: Ortega Molinos Neus
Published: May 2024

Resum: L’objectiu d’aquest article és examinar la informació biogràfica present en l’estudi de la literatura que desenvolupa l’abate Joan Andrés (Alacant, 1740-Roma, 1817) en el primer i segon volums de la seva obra magna, Dell’origine, progressi e stato attuale d’ogni letteratura (1782-1799), una història universal de la cultura escrita de caràcter enciclopèdic publicada en set volums a Itàlia. L’anàlisi del material biogràfic m’ha permès constatar que Andrés comparteix la imatge dels escriptors construïda per la tradició biogràfica, a partir d’una mateixa concepció de la literatura entesa com a mirall de l’autor. En el cas dels teòrics setcentistes, aquesta idea s’estén fins a presentar el caràcter d’una nació com a reflex de les obres més representatives. I més enllà d’unes descripcions similars, m’ha interessat constatar que els mecanismes que s’han fet servir per justificar el valor dels autors formen part també de la seva crítica literària. Paraules clau: Joan Andrés, vides de poetes, crítica literària, Neoclassicisme, història literàriaAbstract: The aim of this article is to examine the biographical information present in the study of the literature developed by abate Joan Andrés (Alicante, 1740-Rome, 1817) in the first and second volumes of his magnum opus, Dell’origine, progressi e stato attuale d’ogni letteratura (1782-1799), a universal history of written culture of an encyclopedic nature published in seven volumes in Italy. The analysis of the biographical material has allowed me to verify that Andrés shares the image of writers constructed by the biographical tradition, based on the same conception of literature understood as a mirror of the author. In the case of eighteenth-century theorists, this idea extends to presenting the character of a nation as a reflection of the most representative works. And beyond similar descriptions, I have been interested to note that the mechanisms that have been used to justify the value of the authors are also part of their literary criticism.Keywords: Joan Andrés, Lives of Poets, Literary Criticism, Neoclassicism, Literary History
Vides d'escriptors a l'edat moderna. Presentació
Authors: Esteve Mestre Cesc
Published: May 2024

Presentació del dossier monogràfic 'Vides d'escriptors a l'edat moderna'
El Valerio de las historias escolásticas y de España: edición y ejemplares
Authors: Mangas Navarro Nataia Anaís
Published: May 2024

Resumen: Este trabajo ofrece una descripción material de la edición incunable del Valerio de las historias escolásticas y de España, una obra de Diego Rodríguez de Almela impresa en Murcia en 1487. Se analizan aspectos como la estructura colacional de la edición, las filigranas o la tipografía. Asimismo, se atiende a la descripción interna, pues el impreso contiene importantes paratextos donde, además, se incluye una carta y un poema de Juan Manrique, arcediano de Valpuesta. En aras de ampliar el conocimiento sobre esta edición, también se ofrece un estudio material de nueve de los doce ejemplares que se conservan.
 
Palabras clave: Valerio de las historias escolásticas y de España, imprenta incunable murciana, filología material, Diego Rodríguez de Almela
 
Abstract: This work offers a material description of the incunabulum edition of the Valerio de las historias escolásticas y de España, a work by Diego Rodríguez de Almela printed in Murcia in 1487. Aspects such as the collational structure of the edition, the watermarks or the typography are analyzed. Likewise, the internal description is also considered, since the print contains important paratexts which, in addition, include a letter and a poem by Juan Manrique, archdeacon of Valpuesta. In order to broaden our knowledge of this edition, we also offer a material study of nine of the twelve copies that have been preserved.
 
Keywords: Valerio de las historias escolásticas y de España, murcian incunabula printing, material philology, Diego Rodríguez de Almela
Vides en els marges a la València del segle XV
Authors: Peirats Anna
Published: May 2024

Resum: Aquest article se centra en la descripció de l’altra mirada de la València del segle XV, la de la marginació social, que es podia manifestar pel fet d’exercir diversos oficis considerats com a immorals. En les pàgines següents s’ofereix una descripció de dos col·lectius femenins particularment tractats com a vils i menyspreables: el de les curanderes, fetilleres i bruixes, la força de les quals hom considerava que partia d’un origen demoníac, i el de les prostitutes, dedicades a cobrir un «mal menor» en la societat, però vistes com a indignes per la societat a causa de l’exercici pràctic del seu ofici. 
 
Paraules clau: marginació, curanderes, bruixes, bordell, repenedides, pecadrius
 
 
Abstract: This article focuses on the description of the other look of Valencia in the fifteenth century, that of social marginalisation, which could be manifested by the exercise of various immoral offices. The following pages describe two female groups, particularly treated as vile: those of healers, sorcerers, and witches, whose strength was considered to be of demonic origin, and prostitutes, dedicated to covering a «minor evil» in society, but viewed as indignant by society due to the practical exercise of their profession.
 
 
Keywords: marginalisation, healers, witches, brothels, repentants, sinners
La comunitat imaginada al Regne de València a la fi del règim foral
Authors: Esbrí Castell Joan
Published: May 2024

Resum: L’objectiu d’aquest article és explorar la identitat col·lectiva al Regne de València els últims dies que es regí pels Furs, abolits per Reial Decret el 1707 en base al dret de conquesta per Felip V. Se sap que a mitjan segle XIV va aparèixer un sentiment de pertinença valencià lligat als furs principalment, i a finals de segle XV  la Corona d’Aragó va integrar-se en la d’Espanya, de manera que a la vinguda del primer Borbó feia dos segles que en formava part, conservant les lleis pròpies. Per a entendre la comunitat imaginada de l’època, es fa un repàs dels principals esdeveniments polítics durant aquell temps i s’analitza el vocabulari patriòtic en el sentit usat pels contemporanis.
 
Paraules clau: història conceptual, Regne de València, furs, comunitat imaginada, Guerra de Successió espanyola
 
Abstract: The objective of this article is to explore the collective identity in the Kingdom of Valencia the las days that it was governed by the Fueros, abolished per Royal Decree in 1707 on the basis of the right of conquest by Philip V. It is known that in the middle of the XIV Century a valencian sentiment of belonging arose attached to the fueros principally, and at the end of the XV Century the Crown of Aragon was integrated to that of Spain, meaning that at the first Bourbon’s arrival it had been for two centuries part of the latter, keeping its own laws. In order to understand the imagined community of the epoch, a summary of the main political events of that time is made, and patriotic vocabulary is analysed in the sense used by contemporaries.
 
Keywords: conceptual history, Kingdom of Valencia, fueros, imagined community, Spanish War of Succession
La reescriptura teatral del Tirant lo Blanc de Maria Aurèlia Capmany per al públic adult
Authors: Garcia Raffi Josep Vicent
Published: May 2024

Resum: Maria Aurèlia Capmany va adaptar el Tirant lo Blanc al teatre en diverses ocasions: una per a un públic infantil, Breu record de Tirant el Blanc per a ús de col·legials enamorats del teatre (1968), i una altra per a un públic adult (posada en escena en 1971 i 1976). A més, va escriure tres cançons sobre el personatge de Martorell en l’espectacle de cabaret Ca, Barret! o Varietat de varietats i tot és varietat (1971) i, finalment, a l’arxiu del seu llegat a la Universitat Rovira i Virgili es conserva l’inici d’un manuscrit sense data d’una una nova reescriptura teatral. De l’hipotext de Martorell, Capmany tria les aventures d’Anglaterra que duen el protagonista a ser armat cavaller, les accions a Sicília i a Rodes, l’enamorament de Carmesina a Constantinoble, una curta referència de l’expedició al nord d’Àfrica i els darrers moments de la vida de Tirant i Carmesina. Capmany adapta fent una selecció de frases de la novel·la que va enllaçant o reescrivint mantenint gairebé el llenguatge original.
 
Paraules clau: Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Tirant lo Blanc, adaptació teatral, reescriptura dels clàssics, teatre català 
 
 
Abstract: Maria Aurèlia Capmany adapted Tirant lo Blanc for the theater on several occasions –one for children, Breu record de Tirant el Blanc per a ús de col·legials enamorats del teatre (1968), and another for an adult audience (staged in 1971 and 1976). In addition, she wrote three songs about Martorell’s protagonist in the cabaret show Ca, Barret! o Varietat de varietats i tot és varietat (1971) and, finally, among her papers in her Archival Collection at Universitat Rovira i Virgili the beginning of an undated manuscript of a new theatrical rewriting is preserved. From Martorell’s hypotext, Capmany chose the adventures in England that make the protagonist be knighted, the actions in Sicily and Rhodes, Carmesina’s falling in love in Constantinople, a brief reference to the expedition to North Africa, and the last moments of the lives of Tirant and Carmesina. Capmany adapted the novel by making a selection of sentences that she linked or rewrote almost maintaining their original language.
 
Keywords: Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Tirant lo Blanc, theatrical adaptation, rewriting of the classics, catalan theatre
Ressenya a August Bover, i Font (ed.) Espill de la vida religiosa, Barcelona, 2023
Authors: Sequero García María Ángeles
Published: May 2024

Ressenya a August Bover i Font (ed.), Espill de la vida religiosa, Barcelona, Barcino, 2023. 426 pp, isbn 978-84-16726-06-6
Review to August Bover i Font (ed.), Espill de la vida religiosa, Barcelona, Barcino, 2023. 426 pp, isbn 978-84-16726-06-6
Ressenya a Emilio Callado, El Cielo en la Tierra. El Convento de Corpus Christi de Vila-Real, València, 2024
Authors: Esponera Cerdán Alfonso
Published: May 2024

Ressenya a Callado, Emilio, El Cielo en la Tierra. El Convento de Corpus Christi de Vila-Real, València, Publicaccions de la Universitat de València - Nexus, 2024, 375 pp., ISBN: 9788411183093
Review to Callado, Emilio, El Cielo en la Tierra. El Convento de Corpus Christi de Vila-Real, València, Publicaccions de la Universitat de València - Nexus, 2024, 375 pp.ISBN: 9788411183093
Analysis of foreign practice of tax incentives for the development of high-tech industry
Authors: Razu Semyon Borisovich
Published: May 2024

The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budget funds under the state assignment of the Financial University. The subject of the study is specific measures in the field of tax regulation of industrial development by the leading industrial powers of the world. The purpose of the work is to explore the use of tax instruments to influence the manufacturing sector of various countries and the areas of their application, considering their evolution and development. The result of the work is the identification of the most promising methods of tax incentives for high-tech industry enterprises, which in the future can be introduced into taxation practice in the Russian Federation in order to stimulate the achievement of the country's technological sovereignty. The main methods used in this study are comparison, classification, statistical and retrospective analysis, as well as economic and mathematical calculations. The result of the work is the identification of the most promising methods of tax incentives for high-tech industry enterprises. The novelty of the study lies in the systematization of tax mechanisms for high-tech industry in industrialized countries, general trends in the development of such mechanisms, as well as justifying the feasibility of using their experience in the Russian Federation. In addition, the novelty lies in making proposals for the adaptation and modification of these mechanisms to Russian economy. The scope of the work is the tax system of the Russian Federation. The main conclusions are the identification among the analyzed instruments the most suitable ones for our country in the current conditions, which in the future can have a stimulating effect on the formation of the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation, as well as calculation of the potential tax benefits for high-tech industry enterprises.
Medidas de segurança no Direito Penal brasileiro: a desinternação progressiva sob uma perspectiva político-criminal
Authors: Cia Michele
Published: May 2024

Nesta obra, Michele Cia concentra sua análise na desinterna­ção progressiva como medida alternativa a ser aplicada aos inim­putáveis que realizam ilícito penal. Para desenvolver essa ideia central, a autora realizou um trabalho minucioso de pesquisa multidisciplinar, por meio do estudo da criminologia, da política criminal, da dogmática jurídico-penal, além da pesquisa de campo realizada no Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico II de Franco da Rocha, instituição que mantém um programa de desinternação progressiva. A autora mantém uma postura crítica durante a análise dos pontos polêmicos do tema e oferece exemplos reais, extraídos especialmente da pesquisa de campo e da análise da jurispru­dência. Um livro que interessará os estudiosos do Direito Penal, do Direito Processual Penal, dos Direitos Humanos, da Criminologia, da Medicina, da Psicologia e da Sociologia, bem como profissionais da área do Direito.
Uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate induces trained immunity via the AhR-dependent arachidonic acid pathway in end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Authors: Kim Hee Young , Kang Yeon Jun , Kim Dong Hyun , Jang Jiyeon , Lee Su Jeong , Kim Gwanghun , Koh Hee Byung , Ko Ye Eun , Shin Hyun Mu , Lee Hajeong , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Lee Won-Woo
Published: May 2024

Trained immunity is the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, which results in altered responses toward a secondary challenge. Despite indoxyl sulfate (IS) being a potent stimulus associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related inflammation, its impact on trained immunity has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that IS induces trained immunity in monocytes
via
epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in augmented cytokine production. Mechanistically, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) contributes to IS-trained immunity by enhancing the expression of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism-related genes such as Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase (ALOX5) and ALOX5 Activating Protein (ALOX5AP). Inhibition of AhR during IS training suppresses the induction of IS-trained immunity. Monocytes from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have increased ALOX5 expression and after 6-day training, they exhibit enhanced TNF-α and IL-6 production to LPS. Furthermore, healthy control-derived monocytes trained with uremic sera from ESRD patients exhibit increased production of TNF-α and IL-6. Consistently, IS-trained mice and their splenic myeloid cells had increased production of TNF-α after
in vivo
and
ex vivo
LPS stimulation compared to that of control mice. These results provide insight into the role of IS in the induction of trained immunity, which is critical during inflammatory immune responses in CKD patients.
The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5C
Authors: Hoops Daniel , Kyne Robert F. , Salameh Samer , MacGowan Del , Avramescu Radu G. , Ewing Elise , He Alina T. , Orsini Taylor , Durand Anais , Popescu Christina , Zhao Janet M. , Schatz Kelcie C. , Li LiPing , Carroll Quinn E. , Liu Guofa , Paul Matthew J. , Flores Cecilia
Published: May 2024

Dopamine axons are the only axons known to grow during adolescence. Here, using rodent models, we examined how two proteins, Netrin-1 and its receptor, UNC5C, guide dopamine axons towards the prefrontal cortex and shape behaviour. We demonstrate in mice (
Mus musculus
) that dopamine axons reach the cortex through a transient gradient of Netrin-1 expressing cells – disrupting this gradient reroutes axons away from their target. Using a seasonal model (Siberian hamsters;
Phodopus sungorus
) we find that mesocortical dopamine development can be regulated by a natural environmental cue (daylength) in a sexually dimorphic manner – delayed in males, but advanced in females. The timings of dopamine axon growth and UNC5C expression are always phase-locked. Adolescence is an ill-defined, transitional period; we pinpoint neurodevelopmental markers underlying this period.
mitoBKCa is functionally expressed in murine and human breast cancer cells and potentially contributes to metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Bischof Helmut , Maier Selina , Koprowski Piotr , Kulawiak Bogusz , Burgstaller Sandra , Jasińska Joanna , Serafimov Kristian , Zochowska Monika , Gross Dominic , Schroth Werner , Matt Lucas , Juarez Lopez David Arturo , Zhang Ying , Bonzheim Irina , Büttner Florian A , Fend Falko , Schwab Matthias , Birkenfeld Andreas L , Malli Roland , Lämmerhofer Michael , Bednarczyk Piotr , Szewczyk Adam , Lukowski Robert
Published: May 2024

Alterations in the function of K+ channels such as the voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ channel of large conductance (BKCa) reportedly promote breast cancer (BC) development and progression. Underlying molecular mechanisms remain, however, elusive. Here, we provide electrophysiological evidence for a BKCa splice variant localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane of murine and human BC cells (mitoBKCa). Through a combination of genetic knockdown and knockout along with a cell permeable BKCa channel blocker, we show that mitoBKCa modulates overall cellular and mitochondrial energy production, and mediates the metabolic rewiring referred to as the ‘Warburg effect’, thereby promoting BC cell proliferation in the presence and absence of oxygen. Additionally, we detect mitoBKCa and BKCa transcripts in low or high abundance, respectively, in clinical BC specimens. Together, our results emphasize, that targeting mitoBKCa could represent a treatment strategy for selected BC patients in future.
Differential regulation by CD47 and thrombospondin-1 of extramedullary erythropoiesis in mouse spleen
Authors: Banerjee Rajdeep , Meyer Thomas J. , Cam Margaret C. , Kaur Sukhbir , Roberts David D.
Published: May 2024

Extramedullary erythropoiesis is not expected in healthy adult mice, but erythropoietic gene expression was elevated in lineage-depleted spleen cells from

cd47
−/−

mice. Expression of several genes associated with early stages of erythropoiesis was elevated in mice lacking CD47 or its signaling ligand thrombospondin-1, consistent with previous evidence that this signaling pathway inhibits expression of multipotent stem cell transcription factors in spleen. In contrast, cells expressing markers of committed erythroid progenitors were more abundant in

cd47
−/−

spleens but significantly depleted in

thbs1
−/−

spleens. Single cell transcriptome and flow cytometry analyses indicated that loss of CD47 is associated with accumulation and increased proliferation in spleen of Ter119
−
CD34
+
progenitors and Ter119
+
CD34
−
committed erythroid progenitors with elevated mRNA expression of Kit, Ermap, and Tfrc. Induction of committed erythroid precursors is consistent with the known function of CD47 to limit the phagocytic removal of aged erythrocytes. Conversely, loss of thrombospondin-1 delays the turnover of aged red blood cells, which may account for the suppression of committed erythroid precursors in

thbs1
−/−

spleens relative to basal levels in wild type mice. In addition to defining a role for CD47 to limit extramedullary erythropoiesis, these studies reveal a thrombospondin-1-dependent basal level of extramedullary erythropoiesis in adult mouse spleen.
Ultra-low coverage fragmentomic model of cell-free DNA for cancer detection based on whole-exome regions
Authors: Sangphukieo Apiwat , Noisagul Pitiporn , Thongkumkoon Patcharawadee , Chaiyawat Parunya
Published: May 2024

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has shown promise as a non-invasive biomarker for cancer screening and monitoring. The current advanced machine learning (ML) model, known as DNA evaluation of fragments for early interception (DELFI), utilizes the short and long fragmentation pattern of cfDNA and has demonstrated exceptional performance. However, the application of cfDNA-based model can be limited by the high cost of whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In this study, we present a novel ML model for cancer detection that utilizes cfDNA profiles generated from all protein-coding genes in the genome (exome) with only 0.08X of WGS coverage. Our model was trained on a dataset of 721 cfDNA profiles, comprising 426 cancer patients and 295 healthy individuals. Performance evaluation using a ten-fold cross-validation approach demonstrated that the new ML model using whole-exome regions, called xDELFI, can achieve high accuracy in cancer detection (Area under the ROC curve; AUC=0.896, 95%CI = 0.878 - 0.916), comparable to the model using WGS (AUC=0.920, 95%CI = 0.901 – 0.936). Notably, we observed distinct fragmentation patterns between exonic regions and the whole-genome, suggesting unique genomic features within exonic regions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential benefits of combining mutation detection in cfDNA with xDELFI, which enhance the model sensitivity. Our proof-of-principle study indicates that the fragmentomic ML model based solely on whole-exome regions retains its predictive capability. With the ultra-low sequencing coverage of the new model, it could potentially improve the accessibility of cfDNA-based cancer diagnosis and aid in early detection and treatment of cancer.
Root-specific secondary metabolism at the single-cell level: a case study of theanine metabolism and regulation in the roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Lin Shijia , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Shupei , Wei Yijie , Han Mengxue , Deng Yamei , Guo Jiayi , Zhu Biying , Yang Tianyuan , Xia Enhua , Wan Xiaochun , Lucas William J. , Zhang Zhaoliang
Published: May 2024

Root-synthesized secondary metabolites are critical quality-conferring compounds of foods, plant-derived medicines, and beverages. However, information at a single-cell level on root-specific secondary metabolism remains largely unexplored. L-theanine, an important quality component of tea, is primarily synthesized in roots, from which it is then transported to new tea shoots. In this study, we present a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)-derived map for the tea root, which enabled cell-type-specific analysis of glutamate and ethylamine (two precursors of theanine biosynthesis) metabolism, and theanine biosynthesis, storage, and transport. Our findings support a model in which the theanine biosynthesis pathway occurs via multicellular compartmentation and does not require high co-expression levels of transcription factors and their target genes within the same cell cluster. This study provides novel insights into theanine metabolism and regulation, at the single-cell level, and offers an example for studying root-specific secondary metabolism in other plant systems.
Intracellular mechanical fingerprint reveals cell type specific mechanical tuning
Authors: Muenker Till M. , Vos Bart E. , Betz Timo
Published: May 2024

Living cells are complex entities that perform many different complex tasks with astonishing robustness. While the direct dependence of biological processes on controlled protein expression is well established, we only begin to understand how intracellular mechanical characteristics guide and support biological function. This is in stark contrast to the expected functional role that intracellular mechanical properties should have for many core cellular functions such as organization, homeostasis and transport. From a mechanical point of view, cells are complex viscoelastic materials that are continuously driven out of thermodynamic equilibrium, which makes both a physical measurement and mathematical modeling of its properties difficult. Here, we define a “mechanical fingerprint” that can not only characterize the intracellular mechanical state, but also carve out the mechanical differences between cell types with the potential to relate these to proper cell function. By analyzing the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties and intracellular activity of cells using microrheology, we distilled the complex active mechanical state into just 6 parameters that comprise the mechanical fingerprint. The systematic investigation of the fingerprint illustrates a parameter tuning that can be explained by the functional cellular requirements. However, the full potential of the mechanical fingerprint is given by a statistical analysis of its parameters across all investigated cell types, which suggests that cells adjust mechanical parameters in a correlated way to position their intracellular mechanical properties within a well defined phase-space that is spanned between activity, mechanical resistance and fluidity. This paves the way for a systematic study of the interdependence of biological function and intracellular active mechanics.
Nucleosome wrapping energy in CpG islands and the role of epigenetic base modifications
Authors: Giniūnaitė Rasa , Sharma Rahul , Maddocks John H. , Kriaučionis Skirmantas , Petkevičiūtė-Gerlach Daiva
Published: May 2024

The majority of vertebrate promoters have a distinct DNA composition, known as a CpG island. Cytosine methylation in promoter CpG islands is associated with a substantial reduction of transcription initiation. We hypothesise that both atypical sequence composition, and epigenetic base modifications may affect the mechanical properties of DNA in CpG islands, influencing the ability of proteins to bind and initiate transcription. In this work, we model two scalar measures of the sequence-dependent propensity of DNA to wrap into nucleosomes: the energy of DNA required to assume a particular nucleosomal configuration and a measure related to the probability of linear DNA spontaneously reaching the nucleosomal configuration. We find that CpG density and modification state can alter DNA mechanics by creating states more or less compatible with nucleosome formation.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WRKY gene family in Rhododendron henanense subsp. lingbaoense
Authors: Guo Xiangmeng , Yan Xinyu , Li Yonghui
Published: May 2024

Background

This work explored the characteristics of the WRKY transcription factor family in Rhododendron henanense subsp. lingbaoense (Rhl) and the expression patterns of these genes under abiotic stress by conducting bioinformatics and expression analyses.

Methods

RhlWRKY genes were identified from a gene library of Rhl. Various aspects of these genes were analyzed, including genetic structures, conserved sequences, physicochemical properties, cis-acting elements, and chromosomal location. RNA-seq was employed to analyze gene expression in five different tissues of Rhl: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and hypocotyls. Additionally, qRT-PCR was used to detect changes in the expression of five RhlWRKY genes under abiotic stress.

Result

A total of 65 RhlWRKY genes were identified and categorized into three subfamilies based on their structural characteristics: Groups I, II, and III. Group II was further divided into five subtribes, with shared similar genetic structures and conserved motifs among members of the same subtribe. The physicochemical properties of these proteins varied, but the proteins are generally predicted to be hydrophilic. Most proteins are predicted to be in the cell nucleus, and distributed across 12 chromosomes. A total of 84 cis-acting elements were discovered, with many related to responses to biotic stress. Among the identified RhlWRKY genes, there were eight tandem duplicates and 97 segmental duplicates. The majority of duplicate gene pairs exhibited Ka/Ks values <1, indicating purification under environmental pressure. GO annotation analysis indicated that WRKY genes regulate biological processes and participate in a variety of molecular functions. Transcriptome data revealed varying expression levels of 66.15% of WRKY family genes in all five tissue types (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and hypocotyls). Five RhlWRKY genes were selected for further characterization and there were changes in expression levels for these genes in response to various stresses.

Conclusion

The analysis identified 65 RhlWRKY genes, among which the expression of WRKY_42 and WRKY_17 were mainly modulated by the drought and MeJA, and WRKY_19 was regulated by the low-temperature and high-salinity conditions. This insight into the potential functions of certain genes contributes to understanding the growth regulatory capabilities of Rhl.
Sistema prisional feminino no Estado do Ceará: cenário social das mulheres egressas
Authors: Pordeus Marcel Pereira , Pordeus Caio Leonam Vieira , Santos Marcelo Davi , Josino Josivan Rocha , Alves Sidrack Rack Moraes , Caetano Wildeson de Sousa , Sousa Edmar Luiz de , Oliveira Romário Nascimento de , Araújo Roseane Rocha , Nunes Katianne Jamilia Oliveira , Rocha Daniele Eduardo , Arruda Márcia Andrea Maia , Moura Luciana Ribeiro , Cidade Adélia Aparecida Alves , Fonteles José Célio Pessoa , Josino Clarissa Nogueira
Published: May 2024

Este artigo trata do sistema prisional feminino no Estado do Ceará, em suas questões intrínsecas à conjuntura social de mulheres egressas. Portanto, explanar essa temática incita ao fomento do Estado Democrático de Direito, em seus direitos humanos, respeito e igualdade, e justiça social. Desse contexto, historicamente deparamo-nos com a dificuldade de acesso aos direitos fundamentais, ao que tem se apresentado como um problema latente, em seu sentido mais amplo, e de entrave para o exercício da cidadania. Com efeito, apenas pequenos grupos conseguem acessar e fazer valer os direitos mínimos que cabem a cada um de nós, simplesmente por conhecê-los e saber como acioná-los. Mediante retrocitadas assertivas, em termos gerais; quando partimos para a esfera do cotidiano individual e coletivo, percebemos uma maior complexidade, uma vez que observamos o distanciamento daquilo que é estabelecido em nossa Carta Magna e a prática concreta vivida. No caso específico daqueles que são considerados minorias – e aqui explanamos acerca da reflexão voltada para grupos de mulheres em condições de encarceramento – observamos a completa ausência de noções elementares acerca de seus direitos fundamentais. À esta dupla situação, gênero e cárcere, somam-se outras que fazem sua condição de infratoras ser mais penalizada e sofrida do que deveria ser, pelo fato de serem pobres, moradoras de bairros periféricos, semialfabetizadas, negras ou pardas, autônomas ou desempregadas (Pordeus; Santos; Fernandes, 2023). Em suma, tais questões serão explanadas ao longo deste estudo, que demonstra e problematiza em específico o Instituto Penal Feminino Auri Moura Costa (IPF), no Estado do Ceará.
Assessing Soil Nutrient Status for Optimizing Cassava Cropping Systems in Southern Benin: A DRIS Model Approach
Authors: Oussou C.T.B , Chabi F.O. , Kombienou P.A. , Dagbénonbakin D.G. , Ahoton L.E. , Saïdou A.
Published: May 2024

Cassava is one of the widely cultivated and consumed root cropped in Benin. Cassava is also a highly strategic crop for maintaining food security in developing countries like Benin. Cassava production is threatened by declining soil fertility, especially nutritional deficiencies. This study aims to assess nutritional status of soil under cassava cropping system in southern Benin using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS). For this purpose, 149 samples of cassava leaves were sampled from farmers' fields in 3 municipalities named Djakotomey, Klouékanmey and Zakpota. Moreover, root yield and nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn) content in the leaves were determined for DRIS norms establishment. From DRIS, the order of nutrient deficiency was as follows : K >N > P > Zn > Ca > Mg ; K>Ca > Zn > Mg > N > P and Zn>N > Ca> K > Mg > P for the farmers’ fields in Djakotomey, Kloukanmey and Zakpota respectively. These results also showed that K, Ca and N were deficient in the soil and limit cassava yield while P and Zn was often in excess. DRIS could be an important tool for refining the nutritional needs of cassava plants in Benin Republic's cropping systems and also for setting trial for fertilizer recommendation.
Suicidal ideation among adults with arthritis: Prevalence and subgroups at highest risk. Data from the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Tektonidou Maria G. , Dasgupta Abhijit , Ward Michael M.
Published: June 2011

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence, correlates, and subgroups at highest risk for suicidal ideation among adults with arthritis.

Methods

We used data on US adults with arthritis, ages ≥40 years, participating in the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Suicidal ideation was assessed by item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ‐9). Sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and comorbid conditions were examined as potential correlates. Depression was measured by the PHQ‐8 score (range 1–24). We used random forests to identify subgroups at highest risk for suicidal ideation. To determine if any correlates were unique to arthritis, we compared results to those for persons with diabetes mellitus and cancer.

Results

The prevalence ± SEM of suicidal ideation was 5.6% ± 0.8% among persons with arthritis and 2.4% ± 0.4% among those without. The most important correlates for suicidal ideation in adults with arthritis were depression, anxiety, duration of arthritis, age, income:poverty ratio, number of close friends, pain, alcohol, excessive daytime sleepiness, and comorbidities. Eleven of the 16 most important contributors for suicidal ideation among adults with arthritis were also important for people with diabetes mellitus and cancer. Among persons with arthritis, subgroups at highest risk for suicidal ideation were those with a PHQ‐8 score between 18 and 24 and less than 4.5 years of arthritis (96.5%), and those with a PHQ‐8 score between 7 and 17, ≥1.24 days of binges/month, and either an income of ≥$45,000/year (85.4%) or an income of <$45,000/year and >3 comorbidities (70.8%).

Conclusion

Depression, short duration of arthritis, binge drinking, income, and >3 comorbidities identified subgroups of adults with arthritis at greatest risk for suicidal ideation.
Predicting response to a cognitive–behavioral approach to treating low back pain: Secondary analysis of the BeST data set
Authors: Underwood Martin , Mistry Dipesh , Lall Ranjit , Lamb Sallie
Published: June 2011

Objective

Identifying factors that predict who is likely to gain the greatest benefit from different treatments for low back pain is an important research priority. Here we report moderator analyses of the Back Skills Training Trial (BeST) that tested a cognitive–behavioral approach for low back pain.

Methods

We recruited 701 participants ages ≥18 years with at least moderately troublesome low back pain present for >6 weeks from 56 general practices in 7 localities across England to a trial adding a group cognitive–behavioral approach to active management advice. The cognitive–behavioral package had a moderate effect on primary outcomes (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire [RMDQ] and modified Von Korff scales). At 12‐month followup, we tested for interaction between randomized groups on 2 prespecified baseline variables (troublesomeness and fear avoidance) and 10 post hoc (exploratory) variables identified from previous studies.

Results

Neither troublesomeness nor fear avoidance moderated treatment effect on any of our primary outcomes. In the final model, the only moderation by baseline variables of the effect of randomization was on the RMDQ outcome. Being younger and currently working both moderated treatment effect, resulting in larger improvements as a response to treatment.

Conclusion

Although BeST is one of the larger trials of back pain treatment, it is still too small to reliably detect moderation if it exists. Since the significant moderation effects were only observed for 1 outcome measure in 3 of 10 post‐hoc analyses, we cannot conclude that these are true moderation effects.