bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological stress and human papillomavirus infection. Associations and solutions
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Davydov A.I. , Pashkov V.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Chilova R.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Lebedev V.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Shakhlamova M.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Stress is a non-specific response of the body to stimuli that disrupt homeostasis. Stress can suppress the immune function and therefore increase the risk of immunodeficiency disorders, including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Stress-induced immunosuppression is especially important for infection-related cancer since damage to cellular immunity can stimulate the development of oncogenic viral infection. A connection was established between psychosocial stress and the development of SILs (squamous intraepithelial lesions) in women (formerly known as ‘cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)’ in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)). This connection ends with immune response, which, in turn, depends on the duration of exposure to stressors: a shorter duration of stress shifts specific immunity to innate immunity, and chronic stress shifts it from a Th1-type response to a Th2-type response. Against the background of cognitive behavioral therapy, the incidence of severe SILs/CIN is significantly lower than in the absence of psychological treatment. However, the use of adaptive ways of coping with stress does not exclude the need for pathogenetic (antiviral) therapy for HPV infection. One of the most demanded medications in the pharmaceutical market of Russia is inosine pranobex. It is included in the register of antiviral medications used for HPV treatment. It enhances antiviral protection against HPV, slows or stops oncogenesis in the cervix, which together contribute to a rapid virus elimination. Key words: stress, immunosuppression, human papillomavirus infection, SILs/CIN, inosine pranobex
Nutrition during pregnancy. Analysis of recommendations
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Konyshko N.A. , Morozova T.E. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Konyshko G.S. ,   Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Objective. To analyze current recommendations of specialists on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of women’s nutrition in the preconception period and during pregnancy and lactation. Methods. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and e-library scientific databases for the period from 2012 to 2022 using the following search queries: “nutritional recommendations during pregnancy and lactation”, “nutrients in the diet of pregnant women”. Conclusion. There is now a global consensus on the daily intake of energy, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates during pregnancy. All pregnant women should avoid dehydration, control weight gain and physical activity, and take at least 0.4 mg of folic acid daily in the first trimester. Vitamins A, E, and C should not be regularly prescribed to pregnant women. Supplementation with vitamin D and micronutrients (iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine) is recommended to be administered differentially in various population groups with proven deficiencies. No national guidelines yet recommend probiotics during pregnancy. It is advisable to limit daily caffeine intake to 300 mg/day, to completely avoid harmful habits and toxic and unprocessed foods. Key words: pregnant women, diet, nutrients, nutrition, vitamins, micronutrients
Pathophysiological role of micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes
Authors:   Central Medical and Sanitary Unit No 119 Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bobrova E.I. , Uchamprina V.A. ,   MD Medical Group “Mother and Child”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kalashnikova M.F. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Fedorova E.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Pavlova M.G. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Gestational diabetes (GD) is one of the frequent complications of pregnancy, which increases the risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes in both mother and offspring. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of GD has not been sufficiently studied. Genetic predisposition and epigenetic influence, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and carbohydrate metabolism disorders may be determining factors in the onset and development of GD. Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of GD over the past decade, the impact of this complication on pregnancy, childbirth, and the future health of both the woman and fetus cannot be ignored. This article reviews recent literature and discusses the relationship between the intake of various micronutrients during pregnancy and the risk of developing GD to provide some recommendations for preventing and treating this condition and improving pregnancy outcomes. Key words: gestational diabetes, insulin resistance, nutrients, micronutrients, macronutrients, vitamin D, myo-inositol
Management strategies for patients with functional ovarian cysts in assisted reproductive technology programs
Authors:   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Timofeeva O.S. , Petrov I.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Gaifulina Zh.F. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Samoilova Iu.G. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Tikhonovskaya O.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Kudlay D.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation,   State Research Center “Institute of Immunology”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petrova M.S. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Logvinov S.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Mikheenko G.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Okkel U.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Infertility is one of the most concerning issues in contemporary medicine. Infertility occurs in more than 40% of patients with benign ovarian tumors, and most of tumor-like lesions are represented by functional ovarian cysts. To date, there are different opinions about the impact of functional ovarian cysts on the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology programs. This review is devoted to the peculiarities of managing in vitro fertilization programs in the presence of functional ovarian cysts. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of functional ovarian cysts in patients with infertility are presented. The pathogenetic mechanisms of functional ovarian cyst formation and their influence on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology programs are considered. Particular attention is paid to various approaches to their treatment prior to an in vitro fertilization, as well as to their impact on program outcomes. Key words: functional ovarian cysts, treatment, assisted reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization, ovulation stimulation
Merton Model of Default Risk and Stock Return: Evidence from Indonesian Stock Market
Authors: Mahfirah Titis Fatarina , Wibowo Buddi
Published: August 2023

The study of the characteristics of risk and return has received great attention. Several studies in finance literature have tested whether default risk influences firms’ stock returns, but the results are often conflicting. Previous research derives varying empirical results because they refer to default risk indicators and samples from different equity markets. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of default risk on stock return using data taken from non-financial companies on the Indonesia Composite Index (IDX Composite) in Indonesia for the 2008-2017 research period. This study uses Merton’s (1974) model as done by Vassalou & Xing (2004) to build a proxy for the risk of default. The advantage of this model is that it considers the volatility of firms’ assets in estimating default risk. Companies can have similar equity and debt levels but possibly have very different default probabilities. The results of the study show that default risk has a positive and significant effect on equity returns.
The Effect of Discounts and Sales Promotion on Shopee Users Repurchase Intention with Customer Satisfaction as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Yani Ari Soeti , Maisarah Isma
Published: August 2023

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of discounts and sales promotion on repurchase intention with customer satisfaction as a moderating variable. The population in this study used a sample of 344 respondents who were users of the Shopee application aged 18-28 years. The data collection technique uses simple random sampling by spreading research questionnaires in the form of google forms through social media. The data processing method in this study is to use smartPLS with the aim of testing hypotheses. The results of this study show that discount has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention, sales promotion has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention, customer satisfaction is significant and can moderate the effect of discount on repurchase intention, customer satisfaction has a significant effect on repurchase intention and can moderate the effect of sales promotion on repurchase intention. The results of this study recommend to Shopee, if you want to increase consumer repurchase interest, it is necessary to provide more attractive discounts and sales promotions in the form of free shipping which must continue to be applied so as to increase customer satisfaction and make consumers will return to shopping.
Precise surface functionalization of PLGA particles for human T cell modulation
Authors: Hadley Pierce , Chen Yuanzhou , Cline Lariana , Han Zhiyuan , Tang Qizhi , Huang Xiao , Desai Tejal
Published: August 2023

Biofunctionalization of synthetic materials has broad utility in various biomedical applications but was limited by insufficient efficiency and controllability for bioconjugation. Therefore, we developed a new platform of building synthetic DNA-scaffolds on material surfaces to assemble and organize functional cargos, allowing for more precise control over cargo density and ratio. The adaptation of this technology for biomedical applications requires diverse expertise ranging from materials to bioconjugation chemistry to cell biology, and there are many critical checkpoints to ensure the quality of the platform for the expected biological function. In this protocol, we describe the three key fabrication procedures involved: 1) fabrication of polymeric particles engrafted with DNA-scaffolds (3 days), 2) attachment of functional cargos with complementary DNA strands (3-4 days), and 3) surface assembly control and quantification (<1 day). We have also provided additional experimental design considerations for modifying the platform—for example, varying the material composition, size, or cargo types—which may be required for different biological needs. An area of increasing interest is immunomodulation, where immune cells have been recognized for their ability to sense extracellular cues to shape their phenotypic adaptation. We have reported how their modulation can be advanced by this precision biomaterial platform. Here, we exemplify the protocol of primary human T cells activation and identified various parameters that can impact T cell ex vivo manufacturing. This protocol will equip investigators with the necessary fabrication procedures and validation assays to design high-fidelity DNA-scaffolded biomaterials for uses in diverse biomedical applications.
Improving Spectral Efficiency of PSSCH for D2D Communication
Authors: singh Balwant , Tripathy malay Ranajan , Asthana Rishi , Vashishtha Jaya Nidhi
Published: August 2023

Improvement in the spectral efficiency (SE) for Device is Device (D2D) is important and essential to get enhancement in the data rate, bandwidth per unit area, the number of connected devices per unit area, availability, coverage, energy usage, and latency. This can be achieved by the implementation of a higher-order modulation technique. But the basic problem is interference. This paper is going to implement higher-order modulation (up to 1024 QAM) with the help of Transport Block Size (TBS) for the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH). Here SE is improving as the order of the modulation or TBS rises. Block error rate (BLER) and the Average number of transmissions are also cultivating as TBS or order of the modulation increasing. Development in the BLER reflects the enrichment in block error due to interference. Here frequency selective fading and additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) are added to the channel to see the effect of fading and noise.
IL-6 and IL-17 as potential links between pre-existing hypertension and long-COVID sequelae in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Stepanova Natalia , Driianska Victoria , Rysyev Andriy , Ostapenko Tetyana , Kalinina Nataliia
Published: August 2023

Objective. We hypothesized that an increase in the production of interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-17 could serve as a potential mechanism linking pre-existing uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) to the occurrence of long-COVID sequelae in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).
Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we examined serum IL-6 and IL-17 levels in 80 patients undergoing HD, taking into account preinfection BP, the presence of long-COVID sequelae, and the time interval after acute COVID-19 infection, which was either 5 or 10 months. The cytokines were measured by ELISA assay. Controlled BP was defined as a 3-month average pre-dialysis BP <140/90 mmHg and post-dialysis <130/80 mmHg.
Results. The prevalence of long-COVID sequelae was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled BP than in the BP-controlled group. Both IL-6 and IL-17 concentrations were also significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled BP compared with the BP-controlled group. The patients with long-COVID sequelae had higher IL-6 and IL-17 values than the fully recovered patients at both time points, but their concentrations decreased significantly over time.
Conclusions. Elevated levels of serum IL-6 and IL-17 in patients undergoing HD with pre-existing uncontrolled BP may be associated with developing long-COVID sequelae.
Insights into ZmWAKL in Maize Kernel Development: Genome-wide Investigation and GA-Mediated Transcription
Authors: Hu Kun , Dai Qiao , Ajayo Babatope , Wang Hao , Hu Yufeng , Li Yangping , Huang Huanhuan , Liu Hanmei , Liu Yinghong , Wang Yayun , Gao Lei , Xie Ying
Published: August 2023

Background
The functional roles of the WAK and WAKL kinase families in cellular expansion and developmental processes have been well-established. However, the molecular regulation of these kinases in maize development has been limited due to the absence of comprehensive genome-wide studies.
Results
In this investigation, we performed an in-depth analysis to identify 58 maize WAKL genes, classified into three distinct phylogenetic clusters. Moreover, through structural prediction analysis, we revealed functional conservation among WAKLs across maize. Promoter analysis uncovered the existence of cis-acting elements associated with the transcriptional regulation of ZmWAKL genes by Gibberellic acid (GA). To further elucidate the role of WAKL genes in maize kernels, we focused on three highly expressed genes, ZmWAKL38, ZmWAKL42 and ZmWAKL52, and conducted co-expression and expression analyses. Remarkably, their expression patterns exhibited a strong correlation with GA-responsive transcription factors TF5, TF6, and TF8, which displayed preferential expression in kernels. RT-qPCR analysis validated the upregulation of ZmWAKL38, ZmWAKL42, ZmWAKL52, TF5, TF6, and TF8 following GA treatment. Additionally, ZmWAKL52 promoter showed significant increase of transcriptional activity in the present of TF8, with ZmWAKL52 localized in both the plasma membrane and cell wall. TF5 positively regulated ZmWAKL38, while TF6 positively regulated ZmWAKL42.
Conclusions
Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the characterization and regulatory mechanisms of specific ZmWAKL genes involved in maize kernel development, offering prospects for their utilization in maize breeding programs.
WITHDRAWN: Degradation of PET microplastic particles to monomers in human serum by PETase
Authors: Lopez-Lorenzo Ximena , Hueting David , Bosshard Eliott , Syrén Per-Olof
Published: August 2023

More than 8 bton of plastic waste has been generated posing severe environmental consequences and health risks. Due to prolonged exposure, microplastic particles are found in human blood and other bodily fluids. Despite a lack of toxicity studies regarding microplastics, harmful effects for humans seem plausible and cannot be excluded. As small plastic particles readily translocate from the gut to body fluids, enzyme-based treatment of serum could constitute a promising future avenue to clear synthetic polymers and their responding oligomers by their degradation into monomers of lower toxicity than the material they originate from. Still, whereas it is known that enzymatic depolymerization rate of synthetic polymers varies orders of magnitude depending on buffer and media composition, the activity of plastic degrading enzymes in serum was unknown. Here we report how an engineered PETase can expediently depolymerize crystalline microplastic-like particles of the commodity polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into its non-toxic monomer terephthalic acid (TPA) alongside mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET) in human serum at 37°C. By developing an efficient method to depolymerize microplastics in vitro, our work takes a step closer to find a solution to the problem that microplastics in the bloodstream may pose in the future.
Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer to the Peritoneum: A novel method for monitoring treatment response, and assessing minimal residual disease
Authors: Frühling Petter , Moberg Louice , Ghanipour Lana , Birgisson Helgi , Graf Wilhelm , Ericsson Christer , Cashin Peter
Published: August 2023

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) (1), with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) (2), is the current standard treatment option for colorectal cancer with resectable peritoneal metastases (3) (4) (5). Systemic chemotherapy has often a limited response rate in colorectal peritoneal metastases leading to a controversy about its role in patients offered CRS (6) (7). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may constitute an important biomarker for monitoring disease progression, treatment response and residual disease in this setting. We prospectively followed 46 patients treated with CRS and HIPEC for colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases and examined whether CTCs were present the week of surgery. The CTC measurements were made with the IsoPicTM technology, which is a platform technology used to detect CTCs based on the difference in biomechanical properties compared to blood resident cells. In 17 (37%) patients CTCs were detected. The presence of CTCs was associated with shorter recurrence free and overall survival after CRS and HIPEC. The main finding of our study was that both recurrence (HR 4.00, 95%CI 1.15-13.9; p=0.029) and overall survival (HR 5.91; 95% CI 1.18-29.7; p=0.03) were significantly worse if CTCs were detected after neoadjuvant treatment. Moreover, in the subgroup of patients with CTCs detected, adjuvant therapy tended to improve the prognosis while in CTC negative patients it did not appear to matter. Our results suggest that CTCs may constitute a dynamic personalized biomarker for prognostication, predicting response to therapy, and for monitoring disease progression in patients with colorectal cancer with metastases to the peritoneum. We anticipate that measuring CTCs dynamically before and after treatment, may contribute to a more personalized oncological therapy.
Database of Twitter Influencers in Cryptocurrency (2021-2023) with Sentiments
Authors: jahanbin kia , Chahooki Mohammed Ali Zare
Published: August 2023

Objectives: With the expansion of social networks such as Twitter, many experts share their opinions on various topics. The opinions of experts, who are also known as influencers, can be very influential. Combining these tweets and the historical prices of cryptocurrencies makes it possible to predict their price trends accurately. A Hybrid of RoBERTa deep neural network and BiGRU has been used for Sentiment Analysis (SA). Sentiments of tweets can be of great help to investors to understand the future behavior of the market and manage the stock portfolio. Unlike the tweets that are only extracted using the cryptocurrency name hashtag, the tweets of this dataset have specialized opinions and can determine the market trend.
Data description: The dataset created in this research concerns the opinions of more than 52 influencers (persons or companies) regarding eight cryptocurrencies. This dataset was collected through the Apify Twitter API from February 2021 to June 2023. This dataset contains five Excel files and tweets, compound score,importance coefficient of each tweet, sentiment polarity, and historical prices of our cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance, and other information. These tweets cover the opinions of 52 influencers on more than 300 cryptocurrencies,although most comments are related to Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Binance. For thisreason, three Excel files containing the historical prices of polarity and compoundsentiment related to Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Binance cryptocurrencies have beenplaced separately in the dataset. The polarity of sentiment in these Excel showsthe maximum number of polarities by applying the importance coefficient, whichdetermines the dominant polarity of sentiment related to a particular day for thecryptocurrency.
NK-92 cells labeled with Fe3O4-PEG-CD56/Avastin@Ce6 nanoprobes for the targeted treatment and noninvasive therapeutic evaluation of breast cancer
Authors: Lian Jingge , Duan Meng , Wang Zilin , Guo Xinyu , Ji Zaixiong , Gao Guo , Li Kangan
Published: August 2023

Adoptive cellular immunotherapy is critical for future clinical applications as a promising and alternative cancer therapy platform. Natural killer (NK) cells have attracted attention as an important type of innate immune regulatory cell that can rapidly kill multiple adjacent cancer cells. However, these cells are significantly less effective in treating solid tumors than in treating hematological tumors. Herein, we report the synthesis of a Fe3O4-PEG-CD56/Avastin@Ce6 nanoprobe labeled with NK-92 cells that can be used for adoptive cellular immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy and dual-modality imaging-based in vivo fate tracking. The labeled NK-92 cells specifically target the tumor cells, which increases the amount of cancer cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, the in vivo results indicated that the labeled NK-92 cells can be used for tumor magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy after tail vein injection. These data show that the developed multifunctional nanostructure is a promising platform for efficient innate immunotherapy, photodynamic treatment and the noninvasive therapeutic evaluation of breast cancer.
The Rogdi Knockout Mouse is a Model for Kohlschütter–Tönz Syndrome
Authors: Jimenez-Armijo Alexandra , Morkmued Supawich , Ahumada José Tomás , Kharouf Naji , de Feraudy Yvan , Gogl Gergo , Riet Fabrice , Niederreither Karen , Laporte Jocelyn , Birling Marie Christine , Selloum Mohammed , Herault Yann , Hernandez Magali , Bloch-Zupan Agnès
Published: August 2023

Kohlschütter–Tönz syndrome (KTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, early-onset epileptic seizures, and amelogenesis imperfecta. Loss of ROGDI expression likely produces these severe patient defects. Here, we present a novel Rogdi mutant mouse demonstrating that Rogdi-/- loss of function recapitulates most KTS patient symptoms. Mutants displayed pronounced pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures, confirming epilepsy susceptibility. Spontaneous locomotion and circadian activity tests demonstrate Rogdi mutant hyperactivity mirroring patient spasticity. Object recognition impairment indicates memory deficits. Rogdi-/- mutant enamel was markedly less mature. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed its hypomineralized/hypomature crystallization, as well as its low mineral content. Transcriptomic RNA sequencing of postnatal day 5 lower incisors showed downregulated enamel matrix proteins Enam, Amelx, and Ambn. Enamel crystallization is highly pH-dependent, as an acidic pH is required to accelerate matrix protein degradation and to promote mineralization. Rogdi-/- teeth exhibit no signs of cyclic dental acidification. Additionally, expression changes in Wdr72, Slc9a3r2, and Atp6v0c were identified as potential contributors to these tooth acidification abnormalities. These proteins interact through the acidifying V-ATPase complex. Here, we present the Rogdi-/- mutant as a novel model to partially decipher KTS pathophysiology. Rogdi-/- mutant defects in acidification might explain the unusual combination of enamel and rare neurological disease symptoms.
Entropy creation, Waste work and Thermodynamic Efficiency of Galvanic Cells: Effects of Discharge Current and Environment Temperature
Authors: Guha Sirshendu
Published: August 2023

In this work, knowledge of efficiency from the perspective of second law for chemical processes (Guha
S. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 39(2), 2020; Guha S., International Journal of Industrial Chemistry, 11(2), 2020,) has been applied to find out how environment conditions and discharge current affect critical performance parameters such as Waste Work, Thermodynamic Efficiency and irreversible Entropy Creation of any Galvanic Cell. Calculations are carried out for Galvanic Cell discharge operation to evaluate magnitude of irreversible Entropy Creation, Waste Work and Thermodynamic Efficiency using second law efficiency as a basis rather than mere energy balance concept.
It is found that irreversible Entropy Creation, Waste Work and Thermodynamic Efficiency are strongly dependent on environment temperature and discharge current.
Finally, for maximizing electrical energy output, a Galvanic Cell with exothermic discharge reaction should be operated at lower discharge current and at a cell operating temperature which is close to the environment temperature ensuring minimum difference between these two temperature values.
Similarly, a Galvanic Cell with endothermic discharge reaction should also be operated at lower discharge current and at cell operating temperature which is close to the environment temperature maintaining minimum difference between these two temperatures for maximizing electrical energy output.
Lower cell discharge current and minimum difference between the cell and environment temperatures will ensure higher Availability which in turn will lead to higher Thermodynamic Efficiency.
Structural and Thermodynamic Insights into Antibody Light Chain Tetramer Formation through 3D Domain Swapping
Authors: Hirota Shun , Sakai Takahiro , Mashima Tsuyoshi , Kobayashi Naoya , Ogata Hideaki , Duan Lian , Fujiki Ryo , Hengphasatporn Kowit , Uda Taizo , Shigeta Yasuteru , Hifumi Emi
Published: August 2023

Monoclonal antibodies are successfully used in the fields of pharmacy and medicine. While antibodies easily form aggregates and may lose the ability to recognize antigens, atomic-level structural examinations of antibody light chain aggregates are sparse. In this study, we present an antibody light chain that maintains an equilibrium between its monomeric and tetrameric states. According to data from X-ray crystallography, thermodynamic and kinetic measurements, as well as theoretical studies, this antibody light chain engages in 3D domain swapping within its variable region. Here, a pair of domain-swapped dimers creates a tetramer through hydrophobic interactions, facilitating the revelation of the domain-swapped structure. The negative cotton effect linked to the β-sheet structure, observed around 215 nm in the circular dichroism spectrum of the tetrameric variable region, is more pronounced than that of the monomer. This suggests that the monomer contains less β-sheet structures and exhibits greater flexibility than the tetramer in solution. These findings not only clarify the domain-swapped structure of an antibody light chain but also contribute to controlling antibody quality and advancing the development of future molecular recognition agents and drugs.
Generation and Classification of Land Use and Land Cover Datasets in the Indian States: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models
Authors: Rengma Nyenshu Seb , Yadav Manohar
Published: August 2023

Land use and land cover (LULC) analysis is highly significant for various environmental and social applications. As remote sensing (RS) data becomes more accessible, LULC benchmark datasets have emerged as powerful tools for complex image classification tasks. These datasets are used to test state-of-the-art artificial intelligence models, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in such tasks. Nonetheless, there are existing limitations, one of which is the scarcity of benchmark datasets from diverse settings, including those specifically pertaining to the Indian scenario. This study addresses these challenges by generating medium-sized benchmark LULC datasets from two Indian states and evaluating state-of-the-art CNN models alongside traditional ML models. The evaluation focuses on achieving high accuracy in LULC classification, specifically on the generated patches of LULC classes. The dataset comprises 4000 labelled images derived from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, encompassing three visible spectral bands and four distinct LULC classes. Through quantitative experimental comparison, the study demonstrates that ML models outperform CNN models, exhibiting superior performance across various LULC classes with unique characteristics. Notably, using a traditional ML model, the proposed novel dataset achieves an impressive overall classification accuracy of 96.57%. This study contributes by introducing a standardized benchmark dataset and highlighting the comparative performance of deep CNNs and traditional ML models in the field of LULC classification.
Global Left Ventricular Myocardial Work by Echocardiography: A Novel Method to Predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events from Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Guo Yao , Sun Minmin , Cao Xuesen , Tan Xiao , Shu Xianhong , Pan Cuizhen
Published: August 2023

Background
To compare non-invasive myocardial work (MW) parameters between maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and healthy controls and further determine its value in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in MHD patients.
Methods
We performed a prospective single-institution study of 92 MHD patients (57.2 ± 12.3 years) and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Conventional echocardiographic data, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and MW parameters [Global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global work efficiency (GWE), global wasted work (GWW)] were derived and compared between MHD and the control. Logistic regression was used to determine the association and predictive value of these parameters for MACE.
Results
With a median follow-up of 3.3 ± 0.72 years (61.9% male), 23 (25%) MHD patients experienced MACE. MHD patients demonstrated significantly reduced GWE (P < 0.001) and elevated GWW (P < 0.001) compared with healthy individuals. Baseline models included age, E/E’ and LVMI. Two different nested models which added GWE and GLS respectively showed that age (P < 0.005), GWE (P = 0.034) and GLS (P = 0.014) were all independent predictors of MACE.
Conclusions
Myocardial work is a novel tool for assessing LV myocardial performance. GWE is an independent predictor of MACE in MHD patients and superior to other MW indices.
Azoxystrobin induced genotoxicity in Pethia conchonius, a freshwater fish of river Teesta, India
Authors: Ray Arpita , Dutta Debojit , Ghosh Bappaditya , Bahadur Min
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Azoxystrobin is one of the globally used strobilurin fungicides. Indiscriminate use of azoxistrobin can contaminate the water bodies by surface run-off. The bioaccumulation of azoxistrobin may adversely affect the aquatic organisms. This study has aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of azoxystrobin using Micronucleus (MN) and Comet assays in the fish Pethia conchonius as an experimental organism captured from the river Teesta of the northern part of West Bengal.
Methods
The 96h LC50 of azoxystrobin was estimated to be 0.514 mg/L. Three Sub-lethal concentrations (SLCs), namely SLC I = 0.025 mg/L, SLC II = 0.0514 mg/L and SLC III = 0.103 mg/L were used for the assay. The fishes were exposed to the above concentrations of azoxystrobin for 96h. The whole blood and gills were collected for MN and Comet assays, respectively at 24h interval.
Results
Nuclear abnormalities like micronuclei, notched and blebbed nuclei, and the DNA damage in terms of %Head DNA, %Tail DNA, Tail Length and Olive Tail moment were estimated by MN and Comet assays. The frequency of the nuclear abnormalities and DNA damages in the exposed groups were significantly (p˂0.05) higher than the control with increasing concentrations and the duration of exposure of azoxystrobin. The frequency of micronuclei (1.156 ± 0.011), notched (0.889 ± 0.011), blebbed (0.811 ± 0.011) nuclei and DNA damage parameters, %Head DNA (26.288 ± 1.981), %Tail DNA (73.712 ± 1.981), Tail Length (287.760 ± 11.641) and Olive Tail Moment (116.301 ± 7.636) were highest for SLC III at 96h of exposure.
Conclusion
The results strongly indicated that azoxystrobin is highly genotoxic in fish causing severe DNA damage.
Approximate Q-Learning-based (AQL) Network Slicing in Mobile Edge-Cloud environments for Delay-sensitive Services Using Markov Decision Process
Authors: Bharanidharan Chandrakasan , Malathi Subramanian , Sathya V , Rajakumaran m
Published: August 2023

Network slicing in mobile edge-cloud environments has gained significant attention due to its ability to provide customized network services tailored to the specific requirements of different applications. However, ensuring efficient resource allocation and meeting the tough delay requirements of delay-sensitive services remain major challenges in network slicing. In this paper, we propose an Approximate Q-Learning-based (AQL) approach for network slicing in mobile edge-cloud systems, specifically targeting delay-sensitive services. The AQL approach utilizes Q-Learning, a reinforcement learning technique, to optimize resource allocation and decision-making in network slicing. By formulating the resource allocation problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), the proposed AQL model learns to make intelligent decisions on resource allocation to minimize delays and maximize resource utilization. The model takes into account various factors such as network congestion, service priority, and available resources to dynamically adapt the network slice configuration. To evaluate the performance of the AQL approach, we conducted extensive simulations comparing it with traditional resource allocation methods. The results demonstrate that the AQL-based network slicing approach effectively reduces delay and improves resource utilization, outperforming conventional methods. The approach also demonstrates its adaptability to dynamic network conditions and varying service requirements. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of different factors on the AQL model's performance, such as the number of network slices, resource availability, and service priority. Our analysis provides valuable insights into the optimal configuration and operation of network slicing for delay-sensitive services. Overall, this paper contributes to the field of network slicing in mobile edge-cloud systems by introducing an AQL-based approach that efficiently addresses the resource allocation challenges for delay-sensitive services. The proposed approach offers a flexible and intelligent solution that can be applied in real-world scenarios, enabling network operators to provide reliable and high-performance network services for a variety of delay-sensitive applications.
Preparation of High-Temperature Resistant Aluminum-Doped Silica Aerogel from Aluminum Sol Source by Ambient Pressure Drying
Authors: Gao Shuai , Yang Ting , Liu Shuning , Liu Kai , Cao Zeqi , Pang Wanjun , Jiang Hongyi
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The preparation of aluminum-doped silica aerogel (ASA) typically utilizes alumina alkoxides or inorganic aluminum salts as precursors usually hindered by high cost or precursors instability. In this study, we innovatively developed a high-temperature resistant ASA via the sol-gel and atmospheric pressure drying (APD) method, utilizing an inexpensive aluminum sol as the aluminum source, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and basic silica sol as the composite silicon source. The effects of the Al/Si molar ratio and calcination temperature on the structure, morphology, and thermal stability of ASA were investigated. The results revealed that ASA-0.2 (with an Al/Si molar ratio of 0.2) exhibited a specific surface area of 616.3m2/g at room temperature, whereas ASA-0 was 508.2m2/g. After calcination at 1000°C for 2h, ASA-0.2 remained a significantly higher specific surface area (290.0m2/g) compared to ASA-0 (23.9m2/g). Mechanism analysis indicated that the addition of aluminum sol not only improved the strength of the aerogel skeleton but also inhibited the phase transition of silica, effectively enhancing the high-temperature resistance of the aerogel. The utilization of inexpensive and stable aluminum sol as a precursor presents a promising approach for the industrial production of heat-resistant aerogels.
Inflammatory biotype of ADHD is linked to chronic stress: a data-driven analysis of the inflammatory pro-teome
Authors: Schiweck Carmen , Schnorr Isabel , Siegl Anne , Luckhardt Sonja , Wenz Söri , Friedrichsen Hendrik , Jomaa Hiba El , Steinmann Annebirth , Kilencz Tünde , Arteaga-Henríquez Gara , Ramos-Sayalero Carolina , Ibanez-Jimenez Pol , Rosales-Ortiz Silvia , Bitter Istvan , Fadeuilhe Christian , Ferrer Marc , Lavebratt Catharina , Réthelyi János , Richarte Vanesa , Rommelse Nanda , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Vasquez Alejandro Arias , Resch Eduard , Reif Andreas , Matura Silke
Published: August 2023

The association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and low-grade inflammation has been explored in children but rarely in adults. Inflammation is characteristic of some, but not all, patients with ADHD and might be influenced by ADHD medication but also lifestyle factors including nutrition, smoking, and stress. It is also still unclear if any specific symptoms are related to inflammation. Therefore, we assessed 96 inflammatory proteins in a deeply pheno-typed cohort of 126 adult ADHD participants with a stable medication status using OLINK technology. A data-based, unsupervised hierarchical clustering method could identify two distinct biotypes within the 126 ADHD participants based on their inflammatory profile: a higher inflammatory potential (HIP) and a lower inflammatory protein potential (LIP) group. Biological processes that differed strongest between groups were related to the NF-κB pathway, chemokine signaling, IL-17 signaling, metabolic alterations, and chemokine attraction. A comparison of psychological characteristics revealed that the HIP group was more likely to have higher levels of chronic stress (p < 0.001), a higher clinical global impression scale score (p = 0.030), and a higher risk for suicide (p = 0.032). Medication status did not influence protein levels significantly (p ≥ 0.074), but psychotropic co-medication (p ≤ 0.009) did. In conclusion, our data suggest the presence of two distinct biotypes in adults with ADHD. Higher levels of inflammatory proteins in ADHD are linked to higher levels of chronic perceived stress in a linear fashion. Further research on inflammation in adults with ADHD should take stress levels into account.
AUCReshaping: Improved sensitivity at high-specificity
Authors: Bhat Sheethal , Mansoor Awais , Georgescu Bogdan , Panambur Adarsh , Ghesu Florin , Islam Saahil , Packhäuser Kai , Rodr´iguez-Salas Dalia , Grbic Sasa , Maier Andreas
Published: August 2023

The performance of deep-learning (DL) systems are generally measured using the Area under the Receiver-Operating-Curve
(AU-ROC); however, the holistic nature of this metric fails to account for the performance, at a specific range(s) of sensitivity and specificity, at which system is intended to operate. Therefore, it is seen that two systems with the same AU-ROC perform very differently in the field. The issue is especially exaggerated for anomaly detection tasks: a very popular application of DL systems in various areas of research spanning medical imaging, industrial automation, manufacturing, cyber security, fraud detection, drug research, etc. This is primarily due to the fact that the datasets used to train these systems are heavily imbalanced, and the abnormality class usually has a highly skewed misclassification cost compared to the normal class. Traditionally, DL systems account for this by weighting the cost function or designing for different operating points on the ROC curve. This approach achieves reasonable results in most instances but, the system does not actively attempt to maximize performance for the chosen operating point. In this paper, we propose a novel function called AUCReshaping which reshapes the ROC curve only in the desired region by optimizing the sensitivity at a desired specificity. The reshaping is implemented through an adaptive and iterative boosting manner that allows the network to focus on relevant samples during learning. We mainly studied the impact of AUCReshaping on an abnormality detection Chest X-Ray (CXR) task, followed by a breast mammogram and credit card fraud detection task. The results demonstrate an increase of 2-40% in sensitivity at high-specificity, for a binary classification task.
Automotive Urban Minerals Formation in China and Japan
Authors: Xu Guochang , Liu Fei , Miao Youping , Wang Binzhe , Zhang Zhengyang , Li Jinhui , Matsubae Kazuyo , Zeng Xianlai
Published: August 2023

Automotive electrification is sound for mitigating climate change, but it heavily relies on critical metals and brings serious challenges to material supply chains. Accordingly, we evaluated the resource pressure and risk of the automotive industries in China and Japan (two global automotive industry leaders) based on an urban metabolism analysis. The results show that the formation of automotive urban minerals in China and Japan will increase from 12.0 Mt and 4.4 Mt in 2022 to 47 Mt and 4.8 Mt in 2050, respectively. The industrial circularity degree of most recyclable metals increases over time in China, while Japan reflects a more stable trend. Regarding resource re-supply potential of urban material stocks to future demand, lithium, cobalt, and nickel are the most critical metals in China in 2030, while indium, cerium, and palladium are the most critical metals in Japan. Compared to exploiting geological mines, urban mines are more accessible in cities of China and Japan and less vulnerable to external factors. Improving the overall collection, separation, and recycling ratio is essential for the effective development of UM. Establishing a material circulation automotive industry poses challenges and opportunities for China and Japan. China and Japan, as exemplars of the fast-developing and developed worlds, can provide valuable lessons for the countries that lack automotive electrification targets to define their future aims.
Voltage Source Inverter based sub synchronous resonance analysis in wind farm using genetic widow optimization algorithm with photo voltaic cell
Authors: Arockiaraj  , B.V.Manikandan
Published: August 2023

The extensive and widespread incorporation of wind farms into the transmission network presents many objections. One of them is the requirement to improve power transmission ability to transport large levels of wind energy. The progression of series compensator is a proven method of increasing the power transmit capacity of offered conduction lines and it is increasingly being provided much importance for grid integration of outsized wind farms. On the other hand, series reactive compensation lines create sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) in the turbo generator, as a result of which electrical unsteadiness may occur at sub-synchronous frequency components and possible failure in turbo generator tube of shaft. This research paper proposes a novel approach for alleviating SSR using a voltage source inverter (VSI) in combination with a genetic window optimization algorithm (GWO) and a photovoltaic (PV) farm. The aim is to mitigate the negative effects of SSR while maximizing the utilization of renewable energy sources. It also provides a detailed description of the problem formulation, fitness function design, GWA initialization, and evolution process. Simulation results and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the GA-based approach in SSR mitigation for practical wind farms. Analyzes of eigenvalues and participation factors are performed under various operating conditions. The analysis takes into account changes in wind speed, distance compensation range and wind velocity. Comprehensive small-signal analysis is used to examine the effects of SSR in wind turbines. Simulations of electromagnetic transients are performed using PSCAD/EMTDC software for the first IEEE reference system.