bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MERKINĖS SENIŪNO MATO OGINSKIO KASDIENYBĖ: ŪKINIŲ IR TEISMINIŲ REIKALŲ VERPETUOSE
Authors: Stankevič Adam
Published: July 2019

The article analyses some episodes from biography and the daily life of elder of
Merkinė, vogt and colonel of a petyhorcy unit of the armed forces of the Grand
Duchy of Lithuania Mateusz Ogiński (1738–1786). On the basis of the documents
preserved in the Ogiński foundation of the Lithuanian State history archive
(F. 1177), the article argues that Mateusz Ogiński was mainly occupied with the
maintenance of his properties and litigation in courts, not actually seeking any
political or public career. He personally issued directions to the stewards of his
properties and controlled execution of his orders. Somewhere close to the First
Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772) he was known for the
detailed regulation of his economic activities. He put effort to concentrate in his
hands some real estate (by buying plots and houses in Merkinė), invested and
developed various businesses (renting a windmill and a pub, operating a coffee
shop, building a sawmill and a brickyard, fishing, shipping timber to Konigsberg,
renovating Merkinė’s town hall, etc.). Later M. Ogiński was often renting out his
properties to other individuals, but that had a negative influence on his possessions.
Lifestyle that disregarded the income made M. Ogiński drown in debt early,
and he entered a loop of having to start borrowing to pay debts. Elder of Merkinė
Ogiński would borrow and spend large sums of money to make purchases of various
items of luxury abroad and in Lithuania (clothes, jewellery, alcohol, species,
fruits, etc.), and to maintain his manor and even a folk music group. M. Ogiński
litigated in many Lithuanian courts and, judging from his letters (and quite many
of them survived), he would have inhabited these litigation processes, taking
interest in legal nuances and using different opportunities to influence court
processes to his advantage (making acquaintance with judges, looking for third
party interceders, writing letters to judges, and personally participating in court
proceedings). Most common lawsuits against him were about unpaid debts, yet
his own claims were against stewards of his properties, and real estate rights.

Keywords: eldership of Merkinė, the Ogiński, daily routine, economics, courts.
VEIKLIOS MOTERS KASDIENYBĖ: EPIZODAS IŠ IZABELĖS LIUDVIKOS BORCH-PLIATERIENĖS (1752–1813) GYVENIMO
Authors: Šmigelskytė-stukienė Ramunė
Published: July 2019

On the basis of empirical sources the article analyses the daily life of a noblewoman
from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Izabela Ludwika Borch Platerowa
(1752–1813), with a special focus on several elements of the daily life of the late
eighteenth century woman of the elite: time management and daily routine, food
and diet, health (illnesses and their treatment), and relationships with family
members (husband, children, parents) and the near environment. The article
underlines the network of communication of the duchess Platerowa in a given
period, covering not only family members or the spiritual and political elite of
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Livonia but also artists residing in Warsaw,
among them closest being Italian born artist and poet Antoni Albertrandy (ca.
1733–1795) from the court of the King Stanislaw August, and his family.
Despite the micro-world of Izabela Ludwika Platerowa being framed within
two socially important factors of the time, i.e. social status of a noblewoman and
her gender, which would confine the field of activities of a woman to the privacy
of a home-space, the ties of partnership, love and respect, linking husband and
wife in the Plater family, opened wide opportunities for the creative activities of
the woman. As active and educated woman of the Enlightenment, she managed
to cross the frame of her home-space and dedicate large portion of her time to
important public activities: editing of a special reading publication for children
Przyjaciel dzieci (A Friend of Children), on which she intensely worked 6–8 hours
every day.
Schedule of the duchess was occupied with Masses, teaching of children and
translations. Personal needs and entertainment received very little attention, only
from a quarter to half an hour a day. In the period of Lent very strict fasting was
observed, as well as abstinence from any entertainment, including full renouncing
of music.

Keywords: Izabela Ludwika Borch Platerowa (1752–1813), daily life, family, history of
women.
TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE
Authors: Milinkevičiūtė Daiva
Published: July 2019

The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of
progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a
golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian
ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes
and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of
freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible
instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other,
intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve
themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces
its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the
Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also
symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular
world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals.
The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects
through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to
freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of
universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics
of lodges.
Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea
of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and
meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find
a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its
impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius.

Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.
Pendidikan Perdamaian Dengan 12 Nilai Dasar Perdamaian
Authors: Darmawan I Putu Ayub
Published: July 2019

Conflict is a problem that is being faced in Indonesia. A peaceful way is needed to bring peace to a multicultural nation. From the analysis of various biblical literature and texts there are several peace values, including education for peace must guide students to accept themselves, peace education provides guidance to avoid bad prejudice, needs to be built understanding and attitudes that respect ethnic diversity, religious differences, different types sex, social status such as poor wealth, and group differences, in an effort to build a path for peace, students need to understand diversity, understand conflict, build an attitude of resisting violence, willingness to start admitting mistakes, and willingness to forgive.Abstrak: Konflik merupakan masalah yang sedang dihadapi di Indonesia. Perlu dilakukan cara damai untuk menghadirkan perdamaian di bangsa yang multi-kultural.  Dari analisis berbagai literatur dan teks Alkitab ada beberapa nilai-nilai per-damaian, antara lain pendidikan untuk perdamaian harus membimbing murid menerima dirinya sendiri, pendidikan perdamaian memberikan bimbingan untuk mengindari prasangka buruk, perlu dibangun pengertian dan sikap yang meng-hargai keragaman etnis, perbedaan agama, perbedaan jenis kelamin, status sosial seperti kaya miskin, dan perbedaan kelompok, dalam upaya membangun jalan menunju perdamaian maka murid perlu memahami adanya keragaman, memahami konflik, membangun sikap menolak kekerasan, adanya kerelaan untuk memulai mengakui kesalahan, dan kerelaan untuk memberi maaf.
Disparity and Structural Transformation Across Districts in Kalimantan
Authors: Yuli Pratiwi Maria Christina
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper to determine the uneven development across districts in Kalimantan and also to examines whether Kutnez hypothesis is applicable in Kalimantan. Klassen Typology, Williamson Index dan Entropy Theil Index, Structural Transformation, also Ratio Gini are employed in order to analysis the inequality of 56 districts in Kalimantan during 2010-2016. The result of study shows that: (1) the majority of regions on the island of Kalimantan belong to developed regions; (2) Kutnez hypothesis is applicable in Kalimantan; (3) regional inequality in Kalimantan shows an decline trend for the period of observation; (4) East Kalimantan province gives the largest contribution towards the inequality in Kalimantan; and (5) the highest structural transformation have been in Kutai Kartanegara District.
SOKOLOWIA HORIZON OF THE ZIARAT FORMATION (EASTERN ALBORZ, IRAN): BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Hadi Mehdi , Salahi Amir , Nasiri Yaghub , Mosaddegh Hossein
Published: July 2019

The present study deals with molluscan accumulations of the Sokolowia horizon, which is a key-bed in the middle Eocene of the Kalateh section (Ziarat Formation, Eastern Alborz, Iran). The age of this “key horizon” is at-tributed to Bartonian based on presence of larger benthic foraminifera species such as Nummulites lyelli (D'Archiac & Haime), Orbitoclypeus zitteli (Checchia-Rispoli) and Asterocyclina stella stella (Gümbel) immediately below it. The paleogeographic distribution of Sokolowia occurrence from Tarim Basin in eastern Central Asia to the Transylvanian Basin in southeastern Europe indicates a middle Eocene seaway along the southern margin of an Eurasian epicontinental sea. In particular, the comparison of middle Paleogene sequences in different Central Asian regions reveals an apparent similarity between those basins pointing to their genetic relationship.
Valuing Environmental Costs due to Automobile
Pollution in Pakistan
Authors: Qamar uz Zaman M.
Published: July 2019

I. Introduction
In the current era, increased attention is being paid to protect the
environment in developing countries. The concern stems primarily from
recent advances in information concerning health problems associated with
pollution. The extent of the deep-seated dangers present has motivated
detailed studies and consequent pollution abatement programmes to be
adopted by several countries. However, the evaluation of projects and policy
reform for environmental effects in Pakistan has been rare. The task thus is
posed to provide credible estimates of the benefits that can be provided by
pollution abatement, and the corresponding costs.
Major Determinants of Female Child Labour in Urban Multan
(Punjab-Pakistan)
Authors: Ali Karamat , Abdul Hamid Abdul Hamid
Published: July 2019

In recent years, the sensitive issue of child labour has received
world-wide attention and has become the focus of serious discussion in
developing as well as developed countries. Any exact information on child
labour is usually hard to come by as most of the children work in the
unorganised informal sector, which is neither regulated by labour laws nor
is monitored by any organisation. These working children are usually
illiterate and start working at a very early age, are inexperienced and
vulnerable, they usually work long hours in deplorable conditions, have no
medical cover, go without sufficient and proper food and clothing, and get
little rest and recreation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to
analyse the major causes of female child labour in the city of Multan and
certain measures and policies have been suggested which could help in
bringing an end to this inhumane practice. Legislation against child labour
is not an ideal solution in a country such as Pakistan. The child labour
phenomena is not as simple as it appears and needs consideration in the
context of the microeconomics of the family and population growth and
macroeconomics of the social security structure of a country,
unemployment, underemployment, opportunity cost and productivity of
formal education.
What use is the Neo-Classical Theory of International Trade?
Authors: Rahim Sikander
Published: July 2019

International economic policy is now more under the sway of
orthodox economics than it has ever been. The main international economic
institutions, the IMF, the World Bank, the WTO, and the major developed
economies are unremitting advocates of free trade and impose their views on
the developing countries. And the developing countries, whose attempts at
economic development through protection have mostly failed, are on the
whole inclined to accept these views. Over the last twenty years economic
policy in these countries has more and more come to be formulated by
orthodox neo-classical economists, often described in the press as
“reformers”, who advocate more reliance on markets and less protection
against imports.
Equal Opportunity and the Education System in Pakistan
Authors: Zia Rukhsana
Published: July 2019

Introduction
The educational system in Pakistan is beset with multiple dilemmas
and constraints. Some are underlying and deep-rooted, while others are
rooted in immediate, superficial reasons. Understandably all are inter linked
and each affects the other. One that pervades as an under current is the
issue of lack of Equal Opportunity (EO) which takes myriad forms when
translated into practice. This paper delineates the various forms the absence
or imbalanced prevalence of EO takes within the context of the education
system of the country, and primary education in particular.
Stagflation, the Labor Market Impact, and the Poverty Puzzle in Pakistan: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Amjad Rashid
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the impact of the current stagflation in Pakistan on the labor market and poverty. The paper presents a preliminary explanation of why the labor market and poverty impact of the current stagflation may be far smaller than projected in recent studies, especially for the rural economy. The main conclusions that emerge are that (1) The overwhelming expected negative impact of low economic growth, high double-digit inflation, and crippling energy shortages on poverty and the labor market appear to have been cushioned by the large increase in remittances, rising wages in agriculture and services, and social safety nets; (2) there is, however, no reason for complacency since over 20 million people live in absolute poverty and that the economy remains in deep stagflation, (3) the PSLM (HIES) 2010/11 data should be made publicly available so that it can be subject to more critical analysis and (4) studies on poverty should be based on a close integration of macro-sectoral–micro-factors to fully capture the underlying “poverty dynamics.”
STATUS KEBERSIHAN GIGI DAN MULUT PASIEN POLIKLINIK GIGI PUSKESMAS PANIKI BAWAH MANADO
Authors: Tuhuteru Daul R. , Lampus B. S. , Wowor Vonny N. S.
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Kebersihan gigi dan mulut yang baik berdampak pada kesehatan mulut, sebaliknya kebersihan mulut yang kurang terjaga dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam penyakit pada rongga mulut sebagai akibat akumulasi debris dan kalkulus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui status kebersihan gigi dan mulut pasien Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional studydengan populasi terjangkau pasien pengunjung poliklinik gigi yang berusia 20-44 tahun dan jumlah sampel 55. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling method. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan jenis kelamin indeks debris tererndah pada perempuan sebesar 1,1 dan indeks kalkulus terrendah juga pada perempuan sebesar 1,2; berdasarkan kelompok usia, indeks debris  terrendah pada kelompok usia 26-35 tahun  sebesar 1,1; indeks kalkulus terrendah pada kelompok usia 26-35 tahun dan 36-44 tahun sebesar 1,3; indeks kebersihan mulut (OHI-S) terrendah pada perempuan sebesar  2,3; berdasarkan kelompok usia, indeks kebersihan mulut (OHI-S) terrendah berada pada usia 26-35 tahun sebesar 2,4. Indeks kebersihan mulut rata-rata keseluruhan  adalah 2,5.  Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa indeks debris dan indeks kalkulus terbaik pada pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan sedangkan berdasarkan kelompok usia, indeks debris terbaik pada pada kelompok usia 26-35 tahun; dan indeks kalkulus terbaik pada pasien kelompok usia 26-35 tahun dan kelompok usia 36-44 tahun. Status kebersihan mulut (OHI-S) rata-rata pasien  baik laki-laki maupun perempuan termasuk dalam kategori sedang, sedangkan status kebersihan mulut (OHI-S) rata-rata berdasarkan kelompok usia semuanya juga termasuk kategori sedang. Saran penulis, pemerintah hendaknya lebih memerhatikan derajat kesehatan gigi dan mulut masyarakat, melalui berbagai program peningkatan  pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di puskesmas. Kata kunci: Status Kebersihan Mulut, Indeks Kebersihan Mulut, Indeks Debris, IndeksKalkulus
GAMBARAN KERUSAKAN GIGI PENYANGGA PADA PENGGUNA GIGI TIRUAN SEBAGAI LEPASAN DI KELURAHAN BATU KOTA
Authors: Fernatubun Cicilia A. , Pangemanan Damajanty H. C. , Wowor Vonny N. S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Removable partial denture is inserted in the mouth after remained generally require maintenance. Most people who think that the problem of missing teeth in the oral cavity has been overcome with the use of dentures, but in fact the use of denture without maintenance of good oral health can lead to disrupted. Oral hygiene that is not maintained properly can result in an increase in plaque and caries and periodontal disease more. The aim of this study was to assess the damage abutment on the user partial dentures in Kota Batu village. This study is a descriptive study with cross sectional study. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size in this study of 81 patients. The data were collected with intra oral examinatio. The results of this study indicate damage to the gear elements that serve as a buffer in the form of caries and fractures by 59 damage and damage to the tissues supporting the teeth in the form of mobility of teeth, gingivitis, bleeding and periodontitis by 72 damage. In this study found the majority of respondents suffered damages in abutment with the most damage occurred on the elements of the teeth that serve as the backbone is in the form of caries damage and damage most of the tissues supporting the abutment is damage in the form of gingivitis. Keywords: removable partial dentures, tooth decay bufferAbstrak: Gigi Tiruan Sebagian Lepasan setelah dipasang dalam mulut pada umumnya tetap memerlukan pemeliharaan. Kebanyakan individu yang kehilangan gigi berpikir bahwa masalah pada rongga mulut sudah teratasi dengan pemakaian gigi tiruan, namun kenyataannya penggunaan gigi tiruan tanpa pemeliharaan yang baik dapat mengakibatkan kesehatan rongga mulut terganggu. Kebersihan mulut yang tidak dijaga dengan baik dapat mengakibatkan meningkatnya plak dan terjadi peningkatan karies dan penyakit periodontal lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kerusakan gigi penyangga pada pengguna Gigi Tiruan Sebagian Lepasan di Kelurahan Batu Kota. Penelitian ini merupakan penelian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 81 orang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan intra oral. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kerusakan pada elemen gigi yang dijadikan sebagai penyangga berupa karies dan fraktur sebesar 59 kerusakan dan kerusakan pada jaringan pendukung gigi berupa mobilitas gigi, gingivitis, perdarahan dan periodontitis sebesar 72 kerusakan. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan sebagian besar responden mengalami kerusakan pada gigi penyangga kerusakan yang paling banyak terjadi pada elemen gigi geligi yang dijadikan sebagai penyangga ialah kerusakan berupa karies dan kerusakan terbanyak pada jaringan penunjang gigi penyangga ialah kerusakan berupa gingivitis. Kata kunci: gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan, kerusakan gigi penyangga
STATUS KEBERSIHAN MULUT DAN PERILAKU MENYIKAT GIGI ANAK SD NEGERI 1 MALALAYANG
Authors: Gopdianto Randy , Rattu A. J. M , Mariati Ni Wayan
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Mouth is an ideal place for bacteria growth because of temperature, moisture and leftovers. Dental and oral hygiene is determined by leftovers (food debris), plaque, calculus and stains on the surface of the tooth. In an effort to maintain dental and oral hygiene, preferable given since elementary school age because that age is an ideal momentto train the child’s ability to brush teeth. The purpose of this research is to know the status of dental and oral hygiene according to the habit of brushing teeth before going to bed at night in SD Negeri 1 Malalayang. Method of this study was descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Sample was taken by giving a questionnaire to find out the behavior of brushing teeth and do the OHIS examination according to Green and Vermillion to the students of class IV, V dan VI. Result of the study showed, the majority of respondents were female 35 people (64%) and male 20 people (36%), based on age of the respondents are aged 8 years 7 people (13%), 9 years old 12 people (22%), 10 years old 25 people (45%) and 11 years old there were 11 people (20%). Based on the assement of the examination OHIS, 35 respondents has goog result (64%), 15 respondents had moderate result (27%) and 5 respondents had poor result (20%). Conclusion: Students in grade IV, V and VI have good dental and oral hygiene.Keywords: oral hygiene status, brushing teeth behaviorAbstrak: Mulut merupakan suatu tempat yang ideal bagi perkembangan bakteri karena temperatur, kelembapan dan sisa makanan. Kebersihan gigi dan mulut ditentukan oleh sisa makanan (food debris), plak, kalkulus, dan noda (stain) pada permukaan gigi. Dalam usaha menjaga kebersihan mulut sebaiknya diberikan sejak usia sekolah dasar karena usia tersebut merupakan saat yang ideal untuk melatih kemampuan anak termasuk menyikat gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui status kebersihan mulut menurut kebiasaan menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam pada anak di SD Negeri 1 Malalayang. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan rancangan yang digunakan ialah cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara memberikan kuesioner untuk mengetahui perilaku menyikat gigi dan melakukan pemeriksaan OHIS menurut Green and Vermillion pada siswa-siswi kelas IV, V dan VI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar respoden berjenis kelamin perempuan 35orang (64%) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki 20 orang (36%). Berdasarkan usia terdapat responden umur 8 tahun 7 orang (13%), umur 9 tahun sebanyak 12 orang (22%), kemudian usia 10 tahun mempunyai 25 orang (45%), dan umur 11 tahun terdapat 11 orang (20%). Berdasarkan penilaian dari pemeriksaan OHIS sebanyak 35 responden (64%) berkategori baik, 15 responden (27%) berkategori sedang, dan berkategori buruk 5 responden (9%). Simpulan: Siswa-siswi kelas IV, V dan VI memiliki kebersihan gigi dan mulut yang baik.Kata kunci : status kebersihan mulut, perilaku menyikat gigi
ANALISIS SISTEM JARINGAN TRANSPORTASI DAN MODEL GRAVITASI DI KOTA AMBON
Authors: Wardono Surakanti Wardono . , P Paulus A. , Ngangi Charles R.
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to analyze the maximum capacity of roads in overcoming bottlenecks using the Maximum Network Flow Model and analyze the interaction of the distribution of the movement with the city located around the city of Ambon by using Gravity Model. Data obtained using the method of documentation. Obtained results, the maximum number of cars that can pass through the road network in 1 hour is 68 units. Line 1 is the terminal Mahardika to Kudamati has exceeded the capacity for the first hour there are 104 units of the car were gone and behind 102 cars. While the other track is still low, so that the growth and development of land transportation is strongly recommended. Results of the analysis of the gravitational interaction with the transport of the most powerful city of Ambon is Karang Panjang Town with great interaction and 6781.96088 weakest interaction is with great interaction Leahari City 5.27899.
EVALUASI PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI NELAYAN PENERIMA PROGRAM BANTUAN LANGSUNG MASYARAKAT PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MINA PERDESAAN (BLM-PUMP) DI KELURAHAN TIDORE
Authors: Maengkom Venancia ., , Rengkung Leonardus R. , Loho Agnes E.
Published: July 2019

The aims of this researcxh are to evaluate and assess the effectiveness of Bantuan Langsung Masyarakat – Pengembangan Usaha Mina Perdesaan (BLM-PUMP) program, and to know the impact of the implementation of the program to the fishing communities’ economic life in Tidore Village, Sub-district of East Tahuna. The village is one of the target area of the BLM - PUMP program. Research carried out for three months; with the number of respondents sample are 17 fishermen. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative and quantitative in tabulation form, percentage and scoring. The results showed that the BLM-PUMP program in Tidore Village accordance with the procedures and criteria set by the government. There are some deficiencies found in the implementation of the program: a) non-physical aid program forms is not used optimally; b) there is no capital turnover; c) supervisor does not properly function, assisting and training does not continue on to post-disbursement.  BLM-PUMP program has produced output in the form of fishing infrastructure that is still used as a shared/KUB asset, and the Joint Business Group (KUB), but the function did not go well. BLM-PUMP program in the Village Tidore founded to be less effective, because the program objectives are not fully achieved. Distribution of BLM-PUMP only able to increase the income of fishermen, and foster entrepreneurial fishermen sufficiently, but are not able to improve the function of KUB institutional as a financial institution partners for fishermen. Nonetheless, the program provides economic impacts on fishing communities, which increase the income of fishermen and sufficiently reduce the dependence of fishermen on the capital providers/owners. (individual / institution).
DAYA DUKUNG LAHAN PERTANIAN TANAMAN PANGAN DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Masengi Andre Giant Galentsi , Talumingan Celcius ., , Mandei Juliana R.
Published: July 2019

This research aims to determine the carryng capacity of agricultural land food crops in Southern Districts Minahasa. This research from preparation of the final report of the study conducted in March to June 2015. Data is taken from secondary data obtained from the Central Statistical Agencies and the Department of Agriculture in Southern Minahasa. The data analysis used is the level of the carryng capacity of agricultural land. From the research the level of the carrying capacity of agricultural land, the lowest in the sub-district of Modoinding  was in the amount of 0,076 and the highest in the sub-district of Maesaan that is equal to 1,113. Carrying value of the level of agricultural land in the Southern District Minahasa amounted to 0,414. This means that the Southern Minahasa District has not been able to perform self-suffieciency and has not been able to provide a decent life for its people, therefore the carrying capacity of agricultural land food crops in Southern Minahasa district needs to be improved especially through increased productivity and reduce the rate of population growth.
DAMPAK PNPM PERDESAAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA WASIAN DIMEMBE, KECAMATAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Kaunang Regylia Novica , Rantung Ventje V. , Pangemanan Paulus A.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of PNPM on the welfare of people in the rural village of Wasian, Dimembe sub-district, North Minahasa District. Data were collected by interview. To de-termine the sample to be interviewed was used the purposive sampling method. The total samples were 22 respondents. Respondents were interviewed consisted of 17 people who live in the old way and relatively disadvantaged while the rest were those live along the new road which is 5 respondents. Parameter welfare of rural communities in this study are based on two main indicators, namely social welfare and economic prosperity. Social welfare include: (1) physical development component; (2) The opinion consisting of: (a) opinions on the impact of development itself and (b) the opinion on the social aspects in the field of educa-tion, information, sports, and social interaction; and (3) the ownership of the house. Economic wellbeing include: increasing the number of family revenue. The results showed PNPM Rural activities have a positive impact on the welfare aspects in terms of both social and economic. From the social point of view include: physical development component which realized 100% in the implementation of the form of roads, bridges, and culverts. Public perception of the existing development that is increasingly good roads that exist in the construction of roads, reduced flooding in the presence of sewers, the ease of crossing the bridge. In the perception of the aspects of education, school children can use to access to school without using the vehicle / motorcycle. In the aspect of the perception of the information, the public is more easily gain access to the information needed special access to various facilities in the community. In the perception of the sport as-pect, namely, the growing functionality of existing sports facilities around the development. In the perception of the society more active social interaction in the interaction between public and scolds greet-ings.Increasing home ownership and existence as well as family receipts also increased or prosperous.
PARTISIPASI TENAGA KERJA WANITA DI USAHA BUNGA POTONG DI KELURAHAN KAKASKASEN II, KECAMATAN TOMOHON UTARA, KOTA TOMOHON
Authors: Worung Verro Stevanus Tampun , Ngangi Charles R. , Tangkere Ellen G.
Published: July 2019

In this era of globalization, many efforts have done in order to earn money for the family. Efforts in agriculture be one choice of families and communities. In general, the development has opened up opportunities for women to engage in various businesses in the agricultural sector which has been dominated by men. The purpose of this study was to determine the participation of women owners or workers in the cut flower business in Kakaskasen II Village, North Tomohon sub district, Tomohon. The study lasted for 3 months, namely in November 2015 until January 2016, ranging from research preparation to the formulation of a research report. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through direct interview to the respondents. Method of sample selection has used purposive sampling technique on nine women from 11 women as population who are owners or workers in the cut flower business. Data collection is a direct interview and observation (observation). Secondary data was collected from previous studies conducted by other researchers, but at the same location. Data analysis in this research using descriptive analysis and also using a Likert scale, with level 1 (underactive), 2 (active), 3 (highly active). This study found, based on an analysis using a Likert scale, that the number of female labor force participation index in the cut flower business (including planting, maintenance, cutting/ harvesting/buying, stringing, or sales) are at a point that 85.6% were categorized as high. Further analysis showed that the labor force participation rate of women in cut flower business with a score of up to 185 of the range of the number of ideal scoring the highest score was 216 and the lowest score was 72. Suggestions in this study, based on the conclusions derived, is the government should open up more opportunities to increase the number of business opportunities and work for women in cut flower business in order to alleviate the problem of female unemployment and poverty that exist in Tomohon City.*eprm*
PERANAN WANITA PEDAGANG SAYURAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN KELUARGA DI PASAR PINASUNGKULAN KAROMBASAN MANADO
Authors: Rakomole Dewanti ., , Baroleh Jenny ., , Dumais Joachim N. K.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the contribution of women vegetable vendors in supporting the family income. This study was carried from July to October 2015 in Pinasungkulan Market Karombasan Manado. Retrieval of data in the form of primary data and secondary data. The primary data obtained through interviews of 10 women vegetable vendors and secondary data obtained from relevant agencies, namely the Department of Market. Data presented in tables and descriptive analysis and to determine the contribution of revenue derived from the percentage of women between revenue wives to the family income. The results showed that women vegetable vendors in the market Pinasungkulan Karombasan have completed elementary school; hovewer most of them do not go on to further education. Woman vegetable merchant who became the object of research is a married woman and still a single. Husband incomes so low that cannot provide for the family to encourage his wife to work together, otherwise it because he wanted to utilize the time available. Women vegetable vendors have to pursue this work between 10 years to 35 years. Working hours of women vegetable vendors are between 8 to 19 hours per day with an average of 13 hours working hours per day. The activities carried out, namely the purchase of vegetables, vegetable cleaning, until the sale of vegetables. Types of vegetables studied were mustard greens (caisin), Chinese cabbage, kale and spinach which is a type of green leafy vegetables commercially. The biggest volume of purchasing / procurement for highland vegetables is mustard greens (caisin) which is an average of 150 bunches per day, and for the type of lowland vegetables are kale that is an average of 160 bunches per day. The average of their husband income was IDR 1.4875 million per month and the average income of wife IDR 2.014 million per month. Wives revenue was greater than husbands’ revenue, where the average contribution of wives was 50.01%, which means the wives have played an important role in supporting the family incomes.
PENGARUH OBJEK WISATA TASIKRIA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DI DESA MOKUPA KECAMATAN TOMBARIRI
Authors: Waha Romelin M. , Ngangi Charles R. , Tangkere Ellen G.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to know the effect of social change especially attitude and social value to the decrease of Tasikria tourism object at Mokupa Village Tombariri Dictrict.The collecting has been conducted for one year, from December, 2014 to December, 2015. The obtained data are primary and decundary data. The primary data are obtained directly from the government at Mokupa Village, Tombariri Sub-Disctrit. The sampling uses purposive sampling chosen at Mokupa Village involving village society such as teacher, government employee, To know the effect of social change especially attitude, it uses Likert Scale Analysis. The research result showed that the effect of social change to tourism object at Mokupa Village Tombariri Sub-Dictrict was high based on attitude and social value of local society.*jnkd*
KAJIAN USAHATANI TANAMAN JAGUNG DI KOTA MULIA KABUPATEN PUNCAK JAYA PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Wonerengga Sekiman . , Baroleh Jenny . , Porajouw Oktavianus .
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to determine cost and farm income of maize farming. The study conducted in March 2015 to May 2015, at Mulia City Puncak Jaya Regency, Papua Province used primary data and secondary data. The method for collected data by interviewing with questionnaires. Primary data obtained from maize farmers,total 68 farmers. secondary data obtained from relevant agencies, Departement of Agriculture and Livestock in Puncak Jaya Regency. The analysis using income analysis. The result showed that the average revenue of maize farming is Rp. 1.943.750.- experises cost Rp. 940. 230, so maize farmer net income ranges between Rp. 1003.5209/planting season. R/C > 1 means maize farming at mulia city profitable.Keywords: Cost, Income, Revenue, Farming, Corn, Mulia City, Papua Province
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG BERAS DALAM MENGHADAPI FLUKTUASI HARGA DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Sondakh Ernia . , Kaunang Rine . , Pangemanan Paulus Adrian
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors that influence rice traders income to price increases in Pasar Bersehati Calaca and Pasar Pinasungkulan Karombasan Manado. To answer this purpose, analysis of multiple regressions is used. The study is conducted from December 2015 to January 2016 by using secondary data of Badan Pusat Statistik Sulawesi Utara, namely percentage price change from January 2015 until Desember 2015, and primary data taken from rice traders by using questionnaire. Result show that capital, price, stock, and output simultaneously have significant influence to income of rice traders. Partially, capital and output have positive influence to income of rice traders, whereas price and stock have negative influence to income of rice traders. ls & rr.
KESENJANGAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI PROVINSI MALUKU
Authors: Lamere Zakarias . , Tatuh Jen . , Kapantow Gene G. H,
Published: July 2019

This research is belongs to execute economic growth place clasification in Regency/City of Moluccas Province and to analysis economic imbalance in Moluccas Province. Analysis methood in this research use Klassen Typology, Williamson Index and Panel Data. Klassen Typology Analysis are use to vote the clasification of economic growth in every regency/city at Moluccas Provincy. Williamson Index Analysis are use to count economic imbalance rate in Moluccas Provincy. Panel Data is a bundle or a collected from time series (2006 - 2010) and data cross section (11 Regency/City), use to see many factors that made imbalance development in Moluccas Province. Klassen Typology Analysis research shown that just one area where looking forward and growth, it is Ambon City. Category area where looking suppressed in the develop process is Tual City, and prosperous area where are in down is Aru Regency, Centre Moluccas Regency, East Seram Regency, West Seram Regency, South Buru regency, S.W Moluccas Regency, S.E.W Moluccas Regency, Buru Regency, and South East Moluccas Regency. For Moluccas Province, Williamson Index in 2006 – 2010 scored at a stretch is 0, 5833; 0, 5660; 0, 6294; 0, 5883; 0, 5286. It indicates that there is a high imbalance of economic growth. Outcome panel data analysis shown that imbalance development that rate by IPM showed α = 5 percent in real by economic growth, work force growth, long road regency and real in α = 10 percent by long road province. To anticipate the imbalance in Moluccas Province that must have work force quality, high performance, and usefull for upgrading income per capita and economic growth, and so centre of economic growth must be explore to every regency/city so that economic activity not constructed at one area.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP USAHA JARING IKAN DI DESA ERIS, KECAMATAN ERIS, KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Walingkas Imanuel K. Ch. , Kapantow Gene H. M. , Ruauw Eyverson .,
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to study the use of information and communication technology on fish net enterprise at Eris Village Minahasa Regency. This research is conducted for three months from July, 2015 to September, 2015. This research uses census method with primary data taken directly by using questionnaire to interview 47 fisherman and secondary data regarding socioeconomic condition taken from government institution: Eris Village Office and Eris sub-district Office. The research result showed that only 55,32 percent of fisherman at Eris Village that use information and technology especially internet. The majority fisherman farmers are accessing internet via hand phone, smartphone, and tablet. The majority of fishermen using internet 80,77 percent have used to look for information related with fishing net business. The most dominant use of internet is for tool in buying product/need for fish net enterprise, followed by looking for information about the way/technique of fish net culture. The major constraint in using of internet at Eris Village is the still not good of internet connection (signal) and the low of farmer ability in accessing internet.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI DAN TINGKAT ADOPSI INOVASI BUDIDAYA PADI DI DESA KEMBANG MERTHA, KECAMATAN DUMOGA TIMUR, KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW
Authors: Wongkar Defry Kristian Rai , Wangke Welson M. , Loho Agnes E. , Tarore Melissa L. G.
Published: July 2019

The objective of the research is to determine farmer’s socio-economic characteristics, the paddy’s cultivation innovation adoption degree and the relationship between farmer’s socio-economic factors with the degree of paddy’s (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation innovation adoption in Kembang Merta Village. This research is using descriptive statistic analytic method with survey technique. The study location is taken on purpose base. Kembang Mertha Village was chosen because it is one of rice production center in Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The sample was taken from 48 people by using stratified random sampling technique based on the farmer’s rice field area. The correlation test of Rank Spearman using SPSS 17 Program is used to examine the relationship between farmer’s socio-economic factors with the degree of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation innovation adoption. Research result showed that mostly respondents have 1.1 – 2 Ha paddy field area with income about Rp. 11.000.000- Rp. 15.000.000 every planting season. Mostly respondents are 40 to 50 years old that classified as productive ages and mostly were senior school graduates. The non-formal education only once to four times a year and the cosmopolitan respondents only three times a year. The degree of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation innovation adoption observed from paddy’s cultivation stages. The soil plowing process in median 5, planting paddy in median 5, fertilization in median 4, irrigation in median 5, the pests, diseases and weeds control in median 5 and harvest and post-harvest in median 5. Correlation test indicated that land area, income, formal education and cosmopolitan level are significant to rice cultivation innovation adoption, whereas non-formal education and ages indicated insignificant relation to rice cultivation innovation adoption. *jnd
ORIENTASI PASAR PADA UD. BINTANG LIMA PRODUK KACANG TELUR DI KOTA TOMOHON
Authors: Tulenan Steriany Maria , Rengkung Leonardus R. , Dumais Joachim N.K.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to determine the orientation of the market (customer orientation, competitor orientation and coordination between functions). This research conducted for three months, since February to April 2016. The data used in this research is the primary data taken using a survey method using a questionnaire that by distributing questionnaires to employees and manager. A questionnaire was used to determine the customer orientation, competitor orientation and coordination between functions. Based on the results of research conducted at the Five Star UD, it can be concluded that Five Star has captured the market orientation that is good with market orientation value of 64.31 persent. UD's market orientation on customer orientation is said to be good in that understanding of these UD on the wishes of customers, know what customers want, satisfaction and create value for customers. In the competitor orientation, this UD could respond to acts of competitors, competitive advantage to seize opportunities, and try to improve and find a strategy to fight its competitors. While in the coordination between functions, workers has contributed to the strategy of Five Star UD and the customer value creation, mutual cooperation among workers, and has understood the needs of customers so as to create satisfaction for its customers.
PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA PADA KELOMPOK TANI SUSURIPEN DI KELURAHAN WAILAN KECAMATAN TOMOHON UTARA KOTA TOMOHON
Authors: Pentury Esti Fanny , Baroleh Jenny , Wangke Welson M.
Published: July 2019

This research has purpose to find out participation of susuripen farmer group’s member in the wailan sub district, north tomohon district, tomohon city. This research been carried out for three months, from April 2016 to June 2016, start from preparation until the prepration of reports. Data used in this research is primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from direct interview to the respodents with using questionnaires and secondary data obtained from government agencies which related to the location. Sampling technique used census method with the total of Susuripen farmer groups member is 20 people been interviewed with the questionnaires. Data analysis in this research used descriptive analysis and also likert scale, with level 1 (less active), 2 (active), 3 (very active). This research found based on the analysis using likert scale, that total index of member participation in the Susuripen farmer groups in decision making phase which cover the activeness in the meeting attendance and activeness in the giving opininon. Member participation in the realization activity which covers, activeness in the rice paddy cultivation, activeness in the Horticulture cultivation, activeness in the rice paddy harvest and post-harvest, activeness in the agricultural extension attendance, activeness in the mandatory contribution. Member participation in the evaluation phase which covers involvement in monitoring groups’ activity, involvement in calculating agribusiness outputs. With 79,8 categorized high. Further analysis shows that the member participation level in Susuripen farmer groups with score 479 from presumption that highest score is 600 and lowest score 200. Suggestion in this research based on the summary for the government or locals is motivate member participation in Susuripen farmer groups in the Wailan sub district, north Tomohon district, Tomohon city because that is the main key and main business in the food security development.
PRODUKSI DAN PEMASARAN PRODUK MANISAN PALA “ILOMATA” DI KELURAHAN GIRIAN WERU, KOTA BITUNG
Authors: Pangumpia Irene Pricilia , Pangemanan Lyndon R.J. , Waney Nordy F.L.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to describe the process of making candied nutmeg by UD Ilomata and describing Ilomata’s candied nutmeg marketing. The research carried out start from preparation in the April until preparation of reports in the June 2016. Data used is primary data obtained through interviews by giving questioners to the owner of UD Ilomata, and from direct observation to the production activity and marketing of Ilomata’s candied nutmeg. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis. Data analysis in this research is analysing market margin by calculating cost and the price margins on every channel marketing that involved in the marketing of Ilomata’s candied nutmeg and also calculate the Break Even Point. The result of this research shows that Ilomata’s candied nutmeg packed in three different packages, 3 ounce package, 2.5 ounce package, and 3 ounce package. Ilomata’s candied nutmeg marketed on four stores in Bitung City, two stores in Manado City, a store in Gorontalo province and the marketing directly from producer to the consumer in UD Ilomata. Biggest marketing margin is Rp 5.000 with 16% share found in the Gorontalo province’s channel marketing from the 2.5 ounce package and with the biggest profit margin is Rp 3.764 found in the Bitung CityMart’s channel marketing from the 2 ounce package. All of Ilotama’s channel marketing can be said efficient because total cost is small seen from the rotation of sold time product. UD Ilotmata’s Candied nutmeg business can hold on and exist till today because theres diligence, curiosity and entrepreneurship from the owner namely Mrs. Renny Umar.*lwths*