bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bingöl Yöresi Bal Arılarında Varroasis'in Yaygınlığı
Authors: KESİK Harun Kaya , KUTLU Mehmet Ali , GÜNYAKTI KILINÇ Şeyma , GUL Abdurrahman , ŞİMŞEK Sami
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma, Mayıs - Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’de arıcılığın yaygın olarak yapıldığı Bingöl yöresinde bulunan bal arılarında (Apis mellifera) Varroa spp. enfestasyonunun yaygınlığını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma süresince Bingöl Merkez ile 6 ayrı ilçesinde bulunan 41 farklı arılıktan 2440 arı kolonisi amitraz uygulaması ile varroasis yönünden incelendi. Araştırma sonucunda incelenen kolonilerin %33.92 oranında Varroa spp. ile enfeste olduğu tespit edildi. Bakısı yapılan kolonilerde Bingöl Merkez ile ilçeleri arasında Varroa spp. yükü açısından önemli derecede fark bulundu (P
The Interpretations of the Mathematics Teachers Taking Post-Graduate Education to the Expression “You can’t add apples and pears”
Authors:   Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Turkey, Çetin Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2022

The study aims to explore how the mathematics teachers taking post-graduate education use their Algebra knowledge for the expression, “You can’t add apples and pears” that is expressed in almost every segment of the society, in creating mathematical content. The data of the research consisted of the written answers of the thirty-seven (37) teachers, who had taken the Algebra Teaching course, to the question “There is a rule in mathematics as everyone says; explain the statement ‘You can’t add apples and pears’ mathematically” in the exams from the 2008-2009 academic year to, including 2015-2016 academic year. The participants took the algebra education in the courses named Algebra and Introduction to Algebra courses and sufficient algebra education was provided to answer the question in the courses. The document analysis method was employed in the study and the data were analyzed with the descriptive content analysis. The results indicated that most of the teachers were aware of their algebra knowledge, the number and quality of the mathematical contents in the answers were at a satisfactory level, but the visuals used in some contents were not appropriate.
GREY UKRAINIAN CATTLE BREED AS THE ANCESTOR OF PODOLIC (PODOLIAN) GROUP
Authors: Rieznykova N. L.
Published: January 2022

Since 19th century, there is an opinion in Europe that the Podolic cattle group was formed after the name and genetics of cattle that existed on the Podolic Upland. Currently, this position is being discussed in scientific circles of European countries, breeding animals of the Podolic group. Taking into account above-mentioned, in the article there is proved the background for the justification, that the Grey Ukrainian breed of cattle, which exists on Podolic Upland and in the whole Ukraine, belongs to the Podolic group and may be its ancestor.

Podillya is the part of Ukraine and borders on the western regions of modern Ukraine, which at the time of the most intensive cattle trade were parts of foreign countries. That’s why the cattle from all over Ukraine were collected in Podillya and fattened by local landowners to be exported abroad. According to the written evidences, the cattle trade has been going on since the 15th century, but then it has been already developed, ie the beginning of trade should be sought earlier. The possibility of finding such evidences is significantly limited due to the lack of written sources. The remains of long-horned cattle are found in Podillya and all over the modern Ukraine from the 7th millennium BC.
Scientific workshop «Theoretical problems of the classification of the plant communities of Russia» (Yalta, November 1–3, 2021)
Authors: Kipriyanova L. M. , Plugatar Yu. V. , Matveyeva N. V. , Ermakov N. B.
Published: January 2022

Thirty years after the publication of the USSR vegetation syntaxa prodromus (Korotkov et al., 1991), the active work on the preparation of the Prodromus of the Russian Federation vegetation (Plugatar et al., 2020) has started. 29 contributions (incl. 5 via Skype), were represented at the Workshop “Theoretical problems of the classification of plant communities of Russia”, that took place in Yalta, Republic of Crimea, on November 1–3, 2021. Twenty six scientists (Fig. 1, 2) from St. Petersburg, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Ufa, Vladivostok, Yakutsk, Syktyvkar, Bryansk, Rostov on Don, Khanty-Mansiysk, Ekaterinburg, Nalchik, Kursk, Yalta) participated this meeting. The reviews of syntaxonomic systems of forests, steppes, meadows, and aquatic, halophytic, synantropic, alpine, arctic, petrophytic, see-shore vegetation and wetlands were represented. The problems, that have appeared after beginning the syntaxa checklists development, such as the validation of units, the dubiousness of some accepted syntaxonomic decisions, poor syntaxonomic knowledge of some regions were discussed. The directors of three Botanical Gardens (from Yalta, Novosibirsk and Vladivostok) of the Russian Academy of Sciences signed documents (Fig. 3) on the starting of a scientific consortium «National Network of Botanical Gardens of the Russian Federation», focused on joint fundamental researches in the vegetation science, ecology, bioclimatology and biogeography; on the development of the National classification of vegetation and National typology of habitats as a scientific basis for assessing the carbon balance, rational use of natural resources and vegetation conservation in the country. Resolution of the Workshop emphasizes the necessity to consider the development of the Russian national vegetation classification as a priority task for phytosociologists in Russian Federation for the next five years.
Tata Kelola Pengembangan Pariwisata: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka Terstruktur
Authors: Safitri Alliya , Salahudin Salahudin , Sihidi Iradhad Taqwa
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana tata kelola pengembangan pariwisata, dengan itu menjadikan wujud dari salah satu bagian pembangunan ekonomi guna meningkatkan perekonomian dalam suatu negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode review paper dengan software VOSviewer yaitu memilah beberapa artikel dengan topik pembahasan yang sama untuk menambah argumen serta pandangan terkait governance development tourism. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa dalam proses tata kelola pengembangan pariwisata memiliki berbagai aspek penunjang yaitu bisa dilihat dari pendapatan hasil daerah, sumber daya manusia, partisipasi masyarakat, hingga keterampilan masyarakat daerah tersebut. Adanya pengembangan pariwisata menjadi salah satu bagian wujud dari pembangunan ekonomi guna meningkatkan perekonomian dalam suatu negara karena dapat menciptakan lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat yang lebih luas, yang nantinya dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat maupun daerah tersebut. Sehingga menumbuhkan rasa kesadaran masyarakat dan mengembangankan dengan baik berdasarkan komunitas perkumpulan untuk pembelajaran atau sosialisasi terhadap masyakarat sekitar yang kurang memahami terkait pengembangan pariwisata. Adanya promosi untuk tercapainya pengembangan infrastuktur untuk rasa kenyamanan pariwisata lokal maupun non lokal.
KOORDINASI ANTARA PEMERINTAH PUSAT DAN DAERAH DALAM UPAYA PROSES PENEGASAN BATAS ANTARA KABUPATEN MERAUKE DENGAN KABUPATEN BOVEN DIGOEL PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Maisyaroh Indrayanti Ana , Yayuk Sri Rahayu Amy
Published: January 2022

Since the reform process began in 1998, there has been a previously centralistic change of the system towards decentralization. With this principle, the authority of the central government partly began to be handed over to the local government with the principle of regional autonomy. The region has the authority to organize its own household with the aim to be able to develop the potential of the area owned. This principle opens the need for the region to expand the region by dismantling the New Autonomous Region (DOB). However, after the formation of DOB began to arise problems related to the affirmation of unfinished regional boundaries. In its rules 5 years after the Regional Formation Law was established, the regional boundaries must be completed immediately, but in reality many exceed more than 5 years. This is due to the conflict of interest from each region so that a coordination is needed between the central and regional governments in the efforts of the boundary affirmation process in Indonesia. One example that can be raised is the Boundary Between Merauke Regency and Boven Digoel district of Papua Province. The success of this coordination process requires a firm commitment from the stakeholders involved in it. In addition, the Central Government (Minister of Home Affairs) who applies as a leader (leader) must also be able to influence others; motivating others; provide accurate information; And be able to make wise decisions
Impact of the ground clearance on the annual energy production and tower cost of an offshore wind turbine
Authors: Do Do Tung Duong
Published: January 2022

This article analyzes the impact of the ground clearance on the Annual Energy Production (AEP) and tower cost of a 20 MW offshore wind turbine. In addition, the influence of the rated wind speed on the analysis result will be considered. The AEP is computed by considering wind speed variation over the swept area of the rotor blades. The tapered tubular steel tower is considered for mass and cost calculation. The tower is considered as a fixed-free cantilever beam with concentrated mass at the free end. The analysis shows that the ground clearance only has a minor impact on the AEP but it has a remarkable impact on the tower mass. Specifically, when the ground clearance reaches 50 meters, the AEP only increases by roughly 3% while tower mass is nearly doubled compared to the case with no ground clearance. The results also reveal the significant impact of the rated speed on both the AEP and tower mass.
An optimal algorithm for convex minimization problems with nonconstant step-sizes
Authors: Pham Pham Quy Muoi
Published: January 2022

In [1], Nesterov has introduced an optimal algorithm with constant step-size,  with  is the Lipschitz constant of objective function. The algorithm is proved to converge with optimal rate . In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, which is allowed nonconstant step-sizes . We prove the convergence and convergence rate of the new algorithm. It is proved to have the convergence rate  as the original one. The advance of our algorithm is that it is allowed nonconstant step-sizes and give us more free choices of step-sizes, which convergence rate is still optimal. This is a generalization of Nesterov's algorithm. We have applied the new algorithm to solve the problem of finding an approximate solution to the integral equation.
Experiences of the e-learning environment of students at the University of Danang - University of Foreign Language Studies
Authors: Tran Tran Thi Thuy Oanh
Published: January 2022

E-learning is being widely deployed and gradually becoming a popular form of teaching in universities today. To achieve the quality of e-learning teaching requires the impact of many factors, in which the e-learning environment of students is important. This paper explored experiences on e-learning environment of students of The University of Danang - University of Foreign Language Studies (UD-UFLS) to improve e-learning environment of the university's students. The study refered to most students’ awareness of the importance of e-learning at university. The advantages and disadvantages of e-learning at the university (UD-UFLS) have also been identified. Through the results of the student survey, the content of the teacher's skills, the content of policies and management of e-learning activities, facilities and funding for e-learning implementation, class size, and student e-learning culture in e-learning are rated. The results of a questionnaire survey of 407 students of the UD-UFLS show a picture of students' e-learning environment and are the basis for proposing some measures to improve e-learning environment of the university's students.
Loss and gain in the Vietnamese translational equivalents of English idioms used in the 4th volume of the novel series “Harry Potter” by J.K. Rowling
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa
Published: January 2022

Owning to their unique semantic and structural features, idioms contribute to the richness of language, enabling language users to express their ideas in concise and sophisticated ways. This study is aimed at identifying and analyzing loss and gain in the Vietnamese translational equivalents of the English idioms used in the 4th volume of the Harry Potter novel serial by J.K. Rowling. The translation shift theory of Catford [1], [2] was employed to clarify the fundamental aspects of loss and gain phenomena. The study reveals that loss and gain in lexis or structure occur frequently in translations of idioms, assisting in preserving the idioms’ figurative meanings. It is hoped that the research results can be of some help for teaching, learning and English – Vietnamese translation of idioms.
Current trends in microsurgical education – review of types of training and skill assessment instruments
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Stogowski Piotr , Białek Jan , Dąbrowski Filip , Mazurek Tomasz
Published: January 2022

Microsurgery became an essential part of various specialties. Hand replantation, vascular free flap reconstruction, and cerebral bypasses are impossible to conduct without mastering microsurgical skills. Currently, the gold standard of microsurgical training is the course with living models during which participants perform basic microsurgical procedures under the supervision of an experienced tutor. However, due to high cost of training and ethical issues new training models, which reduce the usage of living animals, appeared. Widespread availability of personal digital technology has caused creation of new types of in-house training using training videos and non-living models. The key factor of microsurgical training is assessment of obtained skills. For this reason, several evaluation scores have been developed: from comprehensive questionaries filled by experienced tutor to simple scales suitable for selfassessment. In this article authors review current types of microsurgical training and scores for assessment of the microsurgical competence.
Analysis of the cost of periprosthetic joint infections after total knee and hip arthroplasty and the effect of revision methods on the cost
Authors:   Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Urkmez Fatma Yekta , Sunar Ismihan , Tosun Nihat , Guner Rahmet , Tasyaran Mehmet A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are known to increase medical costs, whereas the factors affecting this increase are variable. Aim. This retrospective case-control study aims to categorize and analyze the expenditures that increase costs in PJI and to evaluate the cost effect of revision methods. Material and methods. The patients who underwent primary arthroplasty or aseptic revision surgery of the knee or hip joints between January 2014-2018 in our center were screened retrospectively. Patients hospitalized with PJI were assigned as the PJI study group. The control group consisted at a 1:2 ratio and included patients matched for age, sex, prosthesis site, and the time from prosthesis implantation (years). All medical expenditures during the hospitalization period were determined and converted to United States dollar currency ($) according to annual average exchange rates. Results. Of the 4321 patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty in the mentioned timephrame, 87 patients had PJI, and 174 patients were enrolled as controls. The incidence of PJI was 2.1%. There was no difference between two groups in terms of demographic characteristics and comorbidities. The expenditures during hospitalization were $1,677 ($554.4-$13,605.2) per person in the PJI group and $494 ($269.3-$3,790.9) in the controls (p < 0.001). The expense per person was 3.4 times higher in the PJI group than in the controls. The cost increase varied between 2-622 fold between the arms. When costs per procedure were evaluated, debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention was associated with lower costs while no difference was observed between one-or two-stage revisions ($1,188, $1,987, vs $1,854, respectively p < 0.001). Conclusions. According to our study, antibiotics increase the cost more than surgical expenses in patients who develop PJI. In addition, cost should not be a factor in the decision of revision surgery.
The biological role of casomorphins
Authors: Khavkin A. I. , Vasia M. N. , Novikova V. P.
Published: January 2022

The literature review is devoted to biologically active metabolites of casein — the results of its hydrolysis — oligopeptides casomorphins. These peptides with a chain length of 4 to 11 amino acids are derived from milk β-casein and are released during digestion, both in vivo and in vitro. Caseomorphins exhibit opioid and pharmacological activity due to binding to μ-receptors located in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and some immune cells. Understanding the biological role of caseomorphins in the milk of mammals, including humans, and their effect on organs and systems, will bring specialists closer to deciphering the etiology of a whole group of diseases.
Polymorphisms of cytokine genes in the mechanisms of development of inflammatory and ultrasonic gastric damage
Authors: Ismoilova F. R. , Rustamova M. T.
Published: January 2022

To date, sufficiently reliable data have been accumulated on the involvement of various cytokine genes, the products of which are directly involved in the regulation of the immune response in inflammatory processes of the gastric mucosa. However, among these works, studies devoted to the genetic mechanisms of the formation of inflammatory and ulcerative lesions of the stomach are few in number, and the data obtained are contradictory. Meanwhile, the identification of predisposing factors that can modulate the progression of the inflammatory process leading to the development of stomach ulcers is very important in terms of developing their early prognostic criteria, and, at the same time, preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Magnetic resonance imaging and other medical imaging techniques in the diagnosis of gallstones
Authors: Avalueva E. B. , Karpenko A. K. , Serkova M. Y. , Sazhina I. V. , Bakulin I. G. , Sitkin S. I.
Published: January 2022

Biliary diseases are one of the most common pathologies of the digestive system in the world. However, assessing the prevalence of biliary diseases is difficult, due to the asymptomatic course of the disease in some cases. Biliary diseases are a diagnostic problem, especially if a complicated course of the disease is suspected, and when the etiology cannot be established after laboratory examination and ultrasound imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly specific non-invasive method for examining the gallbladder and imaging the bile ducts to identify gallstones, biliary strictures, tumors, and detect the level of obstruction. Magnetic resonance cholangiography/cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is currently considered to be the most accurate non-invasive procedure for detecting bile duct stones, with high sensitivity, which allows to obtain a detailed image of the biliary tract. MRI is an established imaging technique for the biliary tract, has better contrast resolution, and is an excellent diagnostic tool. The choice of method to start the diagnosis with depends on many factors and requires careful interaction between the gastroenterologist and the radiologist to optimize the imaging technique.
Irritable bowel syndrome therapy in Vietnam with probiotic enterococci
Authors: Ermolenko E. I. , Kotyleva M. P. , Tsapieva A. N. , Karaseva A. B. , Bui Thi Lan An , Suvorov A. N.
Published: January 2022

In this work, we compared composition of the intestinal microbiota of healthy volunteers and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Hanoi residents before and after therapy with a probiotic starter culture based on the bacteriocinogenic strain Enterococcus faecium L3 (L3), which is successfully used to correct dysbiosis and treat IBS in Russia.In IBS patients (IBS group) α-diversity was higher than in the control group (Healthy) and in IBS patients after probiotic therapy (IBS + L3 group). Phylogenetic analysis of the studied samples refl ected the division of the studied communities into 2 clusters, one of which grouped samples, mainly taken for IBS before therapy. Principal component analysis (PCoA) showed that most of the samples from the IBS group are located on the graph in a separate sector, far from the adjacent IBS + L3 and Нealthy samples.A study of the microbiome of Vietnamese patients with IBS after taking probiotic at the level of types (phyls) revealed a tendency towards an increase in the representation of Firmicutes. The introduction of L3 led to an increase in the population of members of the family Lachnospiraceae, such as butyrate- producing Roseburia and acetate-producing Blautia. At the same time, the percentage of staphylococci and bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family was decreased. In addition to positive changes in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, revealed on the basis of clinical data, the features of the intestinal microbiota of IBS residents of Hanoi compared with healthy volunteers and in the same patients after probiotic therapy were revealed by metagenomic analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Positive shifts in the intestinal microbiome of IBS patients in Vietnam after therapy with a probiotic starter culture based on L3 do not fundamentally diff er from the previously described eff ects noted by the authors when using this probiotic in Russia, which creates the preconditions for expanding the possibility of its use in the Asian region.
Bradienteria syndrome in the Internal Medicine clinic
Authors: Shemerovskii K. A. , Seliverstov P. V.
Published: January 2022

It is known that normal intestinal activity is a fundamental circadian rhythm associated with the sleep — wake cycle, the frequency of which should be at least 7 times a week. Currently, a sufficient number of clinical studies have accumulated, confirming the fact that constipation increases the risk of developing not only diseases of the digestive, but also cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and other systems of the human body. Early diagnosis and treatment of bradienteria syndrome, as a proven predictor of a number of diseases of the internal organs, contributes to the prevention of their development and progression. It is important that the diagnosis of bradienteria syndrome should be carried out taking into account the presence of three clinical stages, since stages, II and I are 10 times more common than stage III.
The Modern Aspects of Nutrition during Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Salikova S. P. , Grinevich V. B. , Vlasov A. A.
Published: January 2022

Nutrition occupies one of the important places in the programs of prevention and non-drug therapy of CHF and associated diseases. At the same time, the validity of dietary recommendations to patients regarding salt intake, dietary habits and the use of individual nutraceuticals is questionable. The purpose of this review is to present up-to-date data of clinical and experimental studies concerning sodium restriction, the use of various diets, nutraceuticals, and means for correcting intestinal dysbiosis in CHF. Materials and methods: the articles are searched in the databases eLibraryRU and Medline by key terms and their combinations: “heart failure”, “diet”, “sodium restriction”, “nutraceuticals”, “nutrition”, “cardiac cachexia”, “nutritional support”, “salt”, “dietary supplement”, “probiotic”, “prebiotic”, “enteral nutrition” in Russian and English. We select articles containing the results of clinical and experimental studies published from 1997 to 2021. The research data indicate that the pathogenesis of anorexia, malnutrition and “metabolic remodeling” of the myocardium in CHF is based on complex mechanisms determined by stagnant phenomena in the liver, impaired permeability of the edematous intestinal wall, dysbiosis and chronic systemic infl ammation. The recommendations on the consumption of sodium from 2 to 2.5 g/day and table salt from 5 to 6 g/day in patients with CHF are justified. Limitation of fluid intake is relevant only for decompensation of CHF. The use of the Mediterranean and antihypertensive (DASH) diets is recognized by most authors as a promising direction for the prevention and treatment of CHF. The enrichment of the diet of patients with CHF with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, dietary fibers, polyphenols and saponins is justified. The benefits of enteral nutrition and the complex use of nutraceuticals in order to slow the progression of weight loss, reduce the severity of neurohormonal and pro-inflammatory shifts are shown. Promising trends of research are the creation of personalized diets taking into account the peculiarities of the course of CHF, the nutritional status, the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites.
Gut Microbiome in Stress-related Disorders: The New Approaches to Neuroinflamation syndrome
Authors: Khalturina E. O. , Klueva L. A. , Boshiyan R. E. , Zembatov G. M. , Alimova A. M.
Published: January 2022

The review presents modern ideas about changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the human intestinal microbiome and their role in the development of stress-induced mental and neurological disorders, eating disorders, autism, etc. The dualism of the role of the commensal representatives of the microbiome, which have the ability to modulate metabolic and signaling reactions in conditionally healthy people and patients suffering from various neurological, psychoemotional and cognitive disorders associated with the development of neuroinflammation, is shown. The favorable and negative effects established by foreign researchers are associated with the presence of specific surface membrane proteins in the intestinal microbiota, the production of certain short-chain fatty acids, mucin degradation, changes in the intestinal barrier function, endotoxin production, as well as the synthesis of certain neurotransmitters. The prospects and difficulties of searching for new microbial biomarkers for predicting the development of stress-induced diseases, as well as for creating new microbial nutraceuticals and new-generation medicines based on living bacteria are considered.
The role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of food allergy
Authors: Aitbaev K. A. , Murkamilov I. T. , Murkamilova Z. A. , Fomin V. V.
Published: January 2022

The review article presents current data on the possible connection between the occurrence of allergies and disorders in the intestinal microbiota. The role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of the immune system of a child, as well as the maintenance of its immune tolerance, is discussed. Factors whose effects can be associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic diseases are considered.
Democratic Party in the Early Years of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. “The Only Party of All Tribes, All Religions and All Classes”
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of RAS, Silkin Alexander A.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the Democratic Party, founded in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1919. The party existed until the early years after the Second World War. However, despite more than 30 years of history, in the first half of the 1920s the inability of the party to fulfill its original mission, as its founders saw it, was manifested. That predetermined the split of the Democratic Party in 1924. One after another, the founders of the party abandoned the fundamentalist Yugoslavism that characterized the first program of the party and its activities in the early 1920s. Not only did the democrats show a utilitarian approach to their own Yugoslavist credo, but so did almost everyone who hoped to occupy certain positions of power in the 1920s. Politicians had to balance the need to swear allegiance to the supranational ideology that laid the foundation of Yugoslavia with the desire to match the marginalized “narrow tribal” sentiments of voters. What happened to the democrats in the period under review is of particular interest, because it clearly demonstrates how quickly Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian leaders lost their barely acquired faith in the idea of the national unity of the Yugoslavians — an idea that turned out to be incapable of ensuring political mobilization of the masses.
The Enlightenment at the End of the Republic of Dubrovnik. Patriotic Society (1793–1794)
Authors:   Croatian Institute of History, Shek Brnardić Teodora
Published: January 2022

The Patriotic Society, founded in February 1793 by the learned Dubrovnik aristocrat Miho Sorgo (1739-1796), is considered the first true Enlightenment society in the Republic of Dubrovnik. Unlike the previous humanistic and baroque societies, which bore the name “academy” and were all dedicated to literary and linguistic topics, Sorgo’s society of amateur scholars was focused on practicality and social engagement. This meant a critical attitude towards the reality of Dubrovnik, and especially towards the ruling aristocratic oligarchy gathered in the Senate, which held a monopoly on political decision-making. Although Europe was undergoing profound social and political transformations at the time, the static nature of Dubrovnik’s conservative circles did not allow for any attempts at reform. Owing to this, the society of reformists was very short-lived, lasting only a year. This paper will present an overview of academic sociability in Dubrovnik up to the eighteenth century, as well as the establishment and goals of the Patriotic Society and its members. The topics of preserved speeches will be presented and the role of the aristocrat Tomo Bassegli (1756–1806), whose Enlightenment profile was formed during his stays in Switzerland, Germany and Austria.
Relationship of the Hungarian Department Under the Petrograd Provincial Committee of the RCP(b) with Hungarian Prisoners of War
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Popov Georgii A.
Published: January 2022

This article, based on documents on the activities of the Hungarian Department at the Petrograd Provincial Committee (Gubkom) of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), examines the problem of the loyalty of foreign prisoners of war to the Soviet government, as well as issues related to their temporary stays in Petrograd and their repatriation. Analysis of materials of the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of Saint Petersburg allows us to conclude that the Hungarian prisoners were not always loyal towards the Communist movement and the idea of world revolution was far from absolute, and that their behaviour was determined, to a large extent, by urgent needs, not their consciences. The policy of the Hungarian Department at the Petrograd Gubkom of the RCP(b) in controlling the movement of prisoners of war and their exploitation was contradictory: measures to attract them through propaganda on the one hand, and their use in forced labour on the other. The attitude of the Hungarian Department towards the representatives of higher social classes — the Hungarian officers — was contradictory as well: hostility and distrust were combined with efforts aimed at attracting them to the revolutionary camp as it corresponded to the interests of the RCP(b) and Hungarian communists living in Petrograd. Consequently, the role of Petrograd as an important propaganda point and one of the training centres for Red commanders and agitators increased.
Адаптации тлей-афидид к абиотическим факторам среды
Authors: Khusanov Alizhon
Published: January 2022

Экологические особенности тлей-афидид зависят от условий среды обитания. С течением времени условия существования меняются; в одних случаях происходят более сильные изменения, в других – незначительные. Ни морфологические, ни поведенческие приспособления тлей в целом не могут соответствовать изменяющимся условиям среды и поэтому тли постепенно вырабатывают адекватные ответные реакции.Разнообразие и степень ответных приспособлений зависят от типа изменений среды и степени их воздействия. Можно выделить 3 основных типа изменений среды
TUTA OBSOLUTA (MEYRICK, 1917) ТУРИНИНГ ФАРҒОНА ВОДИЙСИ БЎЙЛАБ ТАРҚАЛИШИ ВА БИОЛОГИЯСИ
Authors: Khusanov Alizhon
Published: January 2022

Минтақада юз бераётган иқлим ўзгаришлари ва қишлоқ хўжалиги экинлари навлари салмоғи ортиб бориши ҳамда уларни жойлаштириш борасидаги туб янгиланишлар энтомофаунада ҳам ўз ифодасини топмоқда. Яъни, кейинги ўн йилликда алоҳида агробиоценозга хос бўлган ҳашаротлар хилма-хиллигининг ортиб бориши, айниқса инвазив турларнинг кириб келиши рўй бермоқда. Бу эса, ўз навбатида, уларнинг тарқалиш ареалларини белгилаш, биологияси ва зарар келтириш хусусиятларини махсус ўрганиш, шунингдек уларга қарши кураш тадбирларини ишлаб чиқишни тақозо этади. Айниқса, итузумгулдошларнинг энг муҳим зараркунандалари саналган помидор куясининг водий ҳудудига кириб келганлиги, ҳосилдорликка сезиларли таъсир кўрсатмоқда
tugas makalah BMT
Authors: ainiyyah Fadillah adella
Published: January 2022

BMT merupakan lembaga keuangan mikro yang mempunyai karakteristik khusus karena dalam pelaksanannya memperhatikan nilai komersial dan nilai social. Dalam perkembangan keuangan non bank berkembang dan diwujudkan dalam berbagai bentuk. Salah satu lembaga keuangan non bankyang berkembang saat ini adalah baitul maal wa tamwil. Kesuksesan menjalankan Baitul Maal didasarkan pada komitmen manajmen (pimpinan) yang ditopang oleh visi-misi serta tujuan didirikannya BMT.
With #IchBinHanna, German academia protests against a law that forces researchers out
Authors: Blume Christine
Published: January 2022

Overview of the early development of the #IchBinHanna movement.
The Interpretations of the Mathematics Teachers Taking Post-Graduate Education to the Expression “You can’t add apples and pears”
Authors: Çetin Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2022

The study aims to explore how the mathematics teachers taking post-graduate education use their Algebra knowledge for the expression, “You can’t add apples and pears” that is expressed in almost every segment of the society, in creating mathematical content. The data of the research consisted of the written answers of the thirty-seven (37) teachers, who had taken the Algebra Teaching course, to the question “There is a rule in mathematics as everyone says; explain the statement ‘You can’t add apples and pears’ mathematically” in the exams from the 2008-2009 academic year to, including 2015-2016 academic year. The participants took the algebra education in the courses named Algebra and Introduction to Algebra courses and sufficient algebra education was provided to answer the question in the courses. The document analysis method was employed in the study and the data were analyzed with the descriptive content analysis. The results indicated that most of the teachers were aware of their algebra knowledge, the number and quality of the mathematical contents in the answers were at a satisfactory level, but the visuals used in some contents were not appropriate.
Mechanisms of aphid’s behavior according to the theory of functional system
Authors: Khusanov Alizhon
Published: January 2022

Theory of functional system, considering goal-oriented behavior as a system dynamic organization, developing in particular sequences, has specific central mechanism on realization complicated adaptive behavior. In spite of number of forming components they have the same functional architecture, in which the result of behavior is domineering factor.
Promoting Accountability and Transparency in the Customary Courts in Nigeria: Some New Approaches
Authors: Odusote Abiodun
Published: January 2022

The Nigerian justice system currently faces significant administration and efficiency problems. It is well-established that the justice system is slow, not accountable, not so transparent and unfriendly to its users and stakeholders. The use of legal terminologies and technicalities are rife and bogged down the wheel of justice. This study aims to determine how the implementation of the customary Law of Lagos State can facilitate quick and efficient administration of justice at the customary courts. Specifically, it investigates whether the implementation of the new customary law of Lagos state and the application and enforcement of the judicial code of conduct can impact the administration of justice, particularly at the customary court level. To test the hypothesis that these legal instruments can positively impact the legal system the research adopts the doctrinal and comparative legal research methodologies. The results showed that the implementation of the new customary laws of Lagos state and the application of the judicial code of conduct at the customary court have the potential to improve the dispensation of justice at this level. Further, the judges must do substantial justice and avoid technical justice to achieve the desired end. These results suggest that in addition, new approaches to the dispensation of justice is required.
Logistic Regression Teams Up With Artificial Intelligence To Beat Neural Network and Gradient Boosted Machine
Authors: Tom Daniel M.
Published: January 2022

We systematically explore the universe of all models using AI search methods. We automate much of the data preparation and testing of each model built along the way. The result is a method and system that generate superior production logistic regression models built from the ground up, beating an industry standard consumer credit risk score by five points. In a machine learning modeling project our reference logistic regression model beats out GBM, and has performance comparable to a NN model but much more amenable in explanation and generating reasons for adverse action. We also incorporate into our system a method to eliminate disparate impact used by the FRB and the FTC.
New Year, New Initiatives for The Journal of Sex Research
Authors: Sakaluk John Kitchener , Graham Cynthia
Published: January 2022

An editorial regarding the launch of Registered Reports at JSR and an update on submissions, metrics, and the editorial board for the journal
Becoming word meaning experts: Infants’ processing of familiar words in the context of typical and atypical exemplars
Authors: Weaver Haley , Zettersten Martin , Saffran Jenny
Published: January 2022

How do infants become word meaning experts? This registered report investigated the structure of infants’ early lexical representations by manipulating the typicality of exemplars from familiar animal categories. 14- to 18-month-old infants (N=84; 51 female; M=15.7 months; race/ethnicity: 64% White, 8% Asian, 2% Hispanic, 1% Black, 23% multiple categories) were tested on their ability to recognize typical and atypical category exemplars after hearing familiar basic-level category labels. Infants robustly recognized both typical (d=0.79, 95% CI [0.54, 1.03]) and atypical (d=0.70, 95% CI [0.46, 0.94]) exemplars, with no significant difference between typicality conditions (d=0.14, 95% CI [-0.08, 0.35]). These results support a broad-to-narrow account of infants’ early word meanings. Implications for the role of experience in the development of lexical knowledge are discussed.
A continuity of Markov blanket interpretations under the Free Energy Principle
Authors: Seth Anil , Korbak Tomasz , Tschantz Alexander
Published: January 2022

Bruineberg and colleagues helpfully distinguish between instrumental and ontological interpretations of Markov blankets, exposing the dangers of using the former to make claims about the latter. However, proposing a sharp distinction neglects the value of recognising a continuum spanning from instrumental to ontological. This value extends to the related distinction between ‘being’ and ‘having’ a model.
The biological roots of music and dance: Extending the credible signaling hypothesis to predator deterrence
Authors: Hagen Edward H
Published: January 2022

After their divergence from chimpanzees, hominins evolved an increasingly committed terrestrial lifestyle that exposed them to increased predation pressure from Africa’s formidable predator guild. In the Pleistocene, Homo transitioned to a more carnivorous lifestyle that would have further increased predation pressure. An effective defense against predators would have required a high degree of cooperation by the smaller and slower hominins. It is in the interest of predator and potential prey to avoid encounters that will be costly for both. A wide variety of species, including carnivores and apes and other primates, have therefore evolved visual and auditory signals that deter predators by credibly signaling detection and/or the ability to effectively defend themselves. In some cooperative species, these predator deterrent signals involve highly synchronized visual and auditory displays among group members. Hagen & Bryant (2003) proposed that synchronized visual and auditory displays credibly signal coalition quality. Here, this hypothesis is extended to include credible signals to predators that they have been detected and would be met with a highly coordinated defensive response, thereby deterring an attack. Within-group signaling functions are also proposed. The evolved cognitive abilities underlying these behaviors were foundations for the evolution of fully human music and dance.
PASSENGER AIR TRAVEL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   INION RAN, Pekhtereva Elena
Published: January 2022

Reliable air travel is essential to the global economy. In turn, air travel is directly dependent on socio-economic dynamics. The closure of state borders and the almost complete cessation of flights around the world during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection have led to unprecedented losses for airlines. The drop in revenues is due to both a decrease in the number of flights and an increase in expenses for ground handling of aircraft for a long period, preparation of the aircraft fleet and personnel for the restoration of flights. The paper considers new approaches to organizing air travel that contribute to the gradual recovery of the industry, for example, the partial abandonment of the use of wide-body airliners and the introduction of digital passenger documents.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC IN THE GULF MONARCHIES: ONE YEAR LATER
Authors:   INION RAN, Zhilina Irina
Published: January 2022

The article examines the features of the spread of coronavirus during the second «wave» of the COVID-19 pandemic in the countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, including the specific impact of the pandemic on the economy and social sphere, on population mobility and the labor market. Shows the role of health care systems and vaccination of the population in containing the spread of the virus in this region. Discusses the prospects for the recovery of the economies of the monarchies of the Persian Gulf from the crisis caused by COVID-19.
GERMAN ECONOMY IN THE PERIOD OF CORONAVIRUS: CONSEQUENCES AND NEW CHALLENGES
Authors:   INION RAN, Chuvychkina Inna
Published: January 2022

The pandemic has had a negative impact on the socio-economic situation of many German citizens. Measures taken by government bodies to contain the spread of coronavirus infection significantly limit economic activity. The coronavirus crisis sets new challenges for the German federal government in terms of maintaining employment, stabilizing social security and strengthening the manufacturing sector. The paper examines the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for the German economy and the prospects for its development. Pays special attention to the relationship between the rates of economic recovery and the quality of human capital.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON CHINA’S ECONOMY: 2020 RESULTS
Authors:   INION RAN, Petushkova Vlada
Published: January 2022

In 2020, China was able not only to effectively respond to the challenge associated with the threat of the spread of COVID-19 and to gain social and economic stability in the difficult conditions, but also to reach new targets. China’s specific experience in coping with the economic consequences of the pandemic cannot be fully transferred to foreign countries, but is an important example for the development of possible patterns of interaction between the state, the economy and society in the face of the crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic.
DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC COVID-19: CHALLENGES FOR THE ECONOMY
Authors:   INION RAN, Semeko Galina
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to serious shifts in the trajectory of demographic development in the world, including Russia. These shifts not only affect the reproduction of the population, but also lead to the exacerbation of many socioeconomic problems. The article analyzes the sharp increase in morbidity of people and mortality, the decrease in birth rate and life expectancy at birth, and changes in other demographic parameters. The assessment of the scale and specificity of these demographic changes, including in gender and age dimensions, are presented.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC’S IMPACT ON THE LABOUR MARKETS OF ASEAN MEMBER STATES (REVIEW)
Authors:   INION RAN, Pryazhnikova Olga
Published: January 2022

The review examines the implications of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets of ASEAN countries. Shows that measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, taken by the governments of the alliance countries, such as lockdowns and isolation, have led to a decrease in economic activity and in employment. Notes that the most vulnerable groups in the labor market of the ASEAN countries in the context of the crisis provoked by COVID-19 are labor migrants and persons employed in the informal sector of the economy.
Pemberdayaan ekonomi kelompok nelayan Desa Pangkah Kulon-Gresik dalam memproduksi kerupuk ikan sebagai upaya peningkatan nilai ekonomi ikan sortiran
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Faisal , Ngatini Ngatini
Published: January 2022

Pangkah Kulon is one of the villages in Gresik Regency which is located in Ujung Pangkah District, Gresik, East Java. The lack of public knowledge about fish processing makes people required to be more creative in increasing the selling value of fish into processed products. So far, fresh fish caught by fishermen are sold directly to middlemen, while fresh fish that do not pass the sorting is simply thrown away. To increase the economic value of fish into high selling value products, training in the production of fish crackers is carried out. The training was conducted on the socialization of creative preparations, training on the manufacture and creative industry of fish crackers. In this training, participants (fishermen's wives) are trained to operate production equipment, from dough making, milling, to cutting. The knowledge and skills provided can be used as a pioneering effort for the fish cracker creative industry which is a favorite food for the community in general. In addition, it is also a business opportunity that can increase household income.