bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can lambs compensate for less milk by grazing more often?
Authors: Moffat C.A.M. , Deaker J.M. , Wallace G.J. , Fisher M.W. , Muir P.D. , Johnstone P.D.
Published: July 2020

Lamb behaviour was investigated where varying stocking rates and rearing rank indirectly induced differences in ewe milk production. 24 Romney x Poll Dorset ewes, with either twin or single lambs, were stocked at either 25 or 15 ewes per hectare, three weeks after lambing (2 August ± 1.0 days). Lamb activity (grazing, otherwise active, or inactive) was determined by instantaneous scan sampling at 3-min intervals over 4 hours at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks of age. Milk production, estimated by machine milking and lamb live weights were also measured at these ages, on the day prior to observations. Ewes with twin lambs produced slightly more milk than ewes with singles (213 vs. 183 ml per 4 hours, respectively). Ewes on the high stocking rate produced an average of 181 ml milk per 4 hours compared with 216 ml per 4 hours in the low stocking rate group. Twin lambs spent significantly more time grazing than did single lambs (52.3% vs. 41.0% overall, respectively) and lambs on the higher stocking rate spent on average 10% more time grazing, than those stocked less densely. These results suggest that lambs with access to less milk spend more time by grazing, but this does not adequately compensate for the lower milk supply which resulted in reduced lamb growth rates. This raises the possibility of enhancing lamb growth rates prior to weaning by providing high quality, lamb-specific forage to the lamb independently of the ewe. Keywords: ewe milk production, grazing, lamb behaviour, lamb growth rate
Factors influencing the soil-plant nitrogen cycle of hill pastures under conventional and organic management
Authors: Parfitt R.L. , Ross G.W.Yeates D.J. , Mackay A.D. , Budding P.J.
Published: July 2020

Nitrogen (N) is the major nutrient that limits pasture growth in New Zealand. Here we test the hypothesis that N supply to herbage from soil microbial mineralization is a function of both the quantity and quality of the soil organic matter, and that this underlying process is similar under conventional and organic management. Preliminary results for October- November 2002 from nine sites with a wide range of soil N status at AgResearch, Ballantrae show that microbial-mineralized N supply from the soil to herbage was the dominant factor controlling the differences in herbage growth. Herbage N was also highly correlated with the soil N supply, as estimated from a 56-day laboratory incubation of soil (0-7.5 cm, and 7.5-20 cm depths). For these soils, spring herbage production could be estimated from the negative relationship with the C:N ratio of the topsoils. This suggests the over-riding factor in the N supply at the nine sites was the quality of soil organic matter in the topsoils. Quality is enhanced through the growth of legumes that in turn depend on the P status of the soil. The soil parent material at some sites (1996 organic farmlets) is calcareous mudstone, which has a high P status, and may explain some differences in site fertility not explained by past P applications. The relationship between the quantity and quality of organic matter and microbial N mineralization in the four farmlets that had organic management appeared to be on the same trend-lines as those in the conventional farmlets, indicating that the underlying net N mineralization process was similar under conventional and organic management. Other factors statistically related to herbage yield and soil net N mineralization were some groups of nematodes and microbial P, but not microbial biomass C or N. Keywords: N mineralisation, non-chemical farms, organic farms, soil fertility
The effect of grass-endophyte associations on feeding of Canada geese (Branta canadensis)
Authors: Pennell C.G.L. , Rolston M.P.
Published: July 2020

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and other herbivorous birds (e.g. paradise ducks, pukeko) can be a significant problem for both pastoral farmers and recreational turf managers in a number of locations in New Zealand. Canada geese were offered seeds and herbage of selected ryegrass combinations of (Lolium perenne) and endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) to examine the effects of endophyte and the associated alkaloids on feeding behaviour. Forty geese were captured annually during the moult in January and contained in fenced areas by wing clipping. In both choice and no-choice feeding trials, geese consumed up to four times more endophyte-free than endophyteinfected ryegrass herbage. In a seed feeding trial, the geese did not discriminate on first exposure between the endophyte-free seed and that containing endophyte. However on Day 2 there was an 80% rejection of the seed containing endophyte compared to the endophyte-fr ee seed. A similar rejection of 80% was observed after a three month endophyte-free feeding period, suggesting the rejection was a long term learned response involving post-digestion feedback. Grass/endophyte associations may add to the armoury of bird control methodology as a tool to manage birds using habitat modification. Keywords: alkaloids, Canada geese, endophyte, herbage, post-digestion seed
Incidence and severity of ryegrass staggers and liveweight gain in lambs grazing different mixtures of ryegrass-cocksfoot pastures
Authors: Hyslop M.G. , Fisher M.W. , Smith D.R. , Slay M.W.A. , Moffat C.A.M. , Johnstone P.D.
Published: July 2020

Livestock grazing ryegrass infected with endophytic fungi are susceptible to staggers, a neurological disorder characterised by uncoordinated movement and loss of appetite. A possible strategy to minimise staggers is to dilute the toxic effects of ryegrass by providing other non-toxic pasture species in the diet. Therefore, the incidence and severity of ryegrass staggers, and liveweight gain, was monitored in lambs grazing varying mixtures of ryegrass-cocksfoot pastures during four six-week periods throughout summer and autumn over two years. There was a significant effect of pasture type on staggers. On a scale of 0 (no staggers) to 5 (severe muscular tremors invariably resulting in collapse and tetanic spasm), pure ryegrass resulted in a mean of 3.1, S.E.M. + 1.6 compared with 0.3, S.E.M. + 0.9 with pure cocksfoot. Ryegrass/cocksfoot mixtures were slightly less toxic than pure ryegrass with means (+ S.E.M.) ranging from 2.2, S.E.M. + 1.6 to 2.9, S.E.M. + 1.8. Mean liveweight gains ranged from 62 g/d on both pure ryegrass and 80:20 ryegrass:cocksfoot mix, to 83 g/d on pure cocksfoot, with no significant effect of pasture type. In those periods when ryegrass staggers was significant, the percentage of ryegrass in the sward was positively related to the severity of staggers and negatively correlated with liveweight gain. The inclusion of cocksfoot in ryegrass-dominant pastures is thus able to reduce to some extent the adverse neurological effects of endophyte on lambs. Keywords: cocksfoot, endophyte, lambs, liveweight gain, ryegrass, ryegrass staggers
Nitrous oxide fluxes in soil as influenced by compaction
Authors: Bhandral R. , Saggar S. , Bolan N.S. , Hedley M.J.
Published: July 2020

In grazed-pastures animal treading is an important cause of soil compaction. Soil compaction influences the denitrification rate as well as the amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) production in the soil mainly through its impact on soil moisture conditions and porosity. A field experiment was undertaken to determine the loss of nitrogen (N) through N2O emission from different N sources as affected by a compaction treatment. Experiment comprised of two main treatments (uncompacted and compacted) to which four N sources (cattle urine, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and urea at the rate of 600kg N/ha) and a control (water only) were applied, each replicated four times. Compaction was obtained through driving close parallel tracks by the wheels of the vehicle. Var ious soil properties related to soil compaction (b ulk density, water filled pore space (WFPS), oxygen diffusion rate (ODR)) were measured. The N2O fluxes were measured for 3 months (between 10th September and 4th December, 2002) using closed chamber technique. Overall, the bulk density of compacted soil was 12.8 % higher than that of the uncompacted soil. Results suggest that maximum compaction occurred in the top 0-2 cm layer. Soil matric potential measured at the 0-5 cm soil depth suggests that uncompacted soil had lower water content, except at low matric suctions, than compacted soil. The ODR in uncompacted soil was 79.3% higher than that in the compacted soil. Compaction caused a seven fold increase in N2O emission. Nitrate source was the most effective of all the treatments in causing potential emission. Under compacted soil 9.87% of the total N applied in form of nitrate was emitted whereas under uncompacted soil this loss was only 0.54%. N2O loss was found to decrease progressively from the time of application of N treatments. Total N2O emission for the three month experimental period ranged from 2.62 to 61.74 kg N2O-N/ha for compacted soil and 1.12 to 4.37 kg N2O-N/ha for uncompacted soil. Keywords: compaction, grazed pastures, Nfertilisers, nitrous oxide emissions, urine-N
Screening of CIMMYT Wheat Genotypes against Yellow Rust in Egypt
Authors: El-Orabey Walid M. , Ashmawy Mamdouh A. , Shahin Atef A. , Ahmed Mohamed I.
Published: July 2020

Yellow (stripe) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a serious problem of wheat (Triticum aestivum) production in many parts of the world including Egypt. The pathogen is capable to produce new physiological races that attack resistant varieties and develop epidemic under optimal environmental conditions which results in a serious yield loss. Host resistance is the most economical way to manage wheat stripe rust. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the reaction of 53 wheat genotypes, delivered to Egypt by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) by artificial inoculation against the major virulent races at adult plant stage at two locations; Itay El-Baroud and Sakha Agricultural Research Stations; during three growing seasons i.e. 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19. Results of the current study showed that 34 wheat genotypes; No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45 and 48 were resistant and had the lowest values of FRS, ACI, and AUDPC. Therefore, we can select these genotypes as resistant lines in the breeding program for resistance to yellow rust. As for 1000 kernel weight, 10 wheat genotypes i.e. 4, 6, 11, 14, 17, 28, 33, 34, 41 and 48 showed the highest values of 1000 kernel weight and were also resistant to yellow rust. Correlation analysis of different parameters also showed a high correlation between FRS, ACI, RRI and AUDPC with 1000 kernel weight of the tested wheat genotypes. Intensive genetic and molecular studies are useful for developing high yielding and disease resistant wheat cultivars in Egypt.
Botany, Diversity, and Distribution of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Cultivars in Malaysia
Authors: Chen Chen Yi Shang , Tawan Cheksum
Published: July 2020

This paper reviewed general botanical description of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) cultivar by previous botanist, based on uniqueness of Malaysian black pepper cultivars characteristics. Ten important cultivars have been verified i.e. cv. ‘Semongok Aman’, cv. ‘Kuching’, cv. ‘Semongok Emas’, cv. ‘Semongok Perak’, cv. ‘Semongok 1’, cv. ‘Nyerigai’, cv. ‘India’, cv. ‘Lampung Daun Lebar’, cv. ‘Sarikei’, and cv. ‘Yong Petai’. The qualitative and quantitative traits distinctness for each cultivar has been highlighted to assist cultivar identification. Vouchers (dried specimens) for the ten cultivars have also been prepared and deposited at herbarium that located at University Malaysia Sarawak and the duplicates at Malaysian Pepper Board, Kuching. Besides, distribution of each cultivar has also been documented based on information sourced from Malaysian Pepper Board.
Dragonfly Diversity (Insect: Odonata) in Asem Binatur River, Pekalongan, Indonesia
Authors: Rohman Abdu , Faradisa Naila
Published: July 2020

Dragonflies have an essential role in the aquatic ecosystem. The nymph phase lives in water and is sensitive to environmental changes. The reduced number of dragonflies in an area can be an indication of changes in the quality of water and environmental health. This research was conducted in the Asem Binatur River, Pekalongan, Indonesia, from November 2018 to April 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine species diversity, the index value of the Pekalongan River dragonfly diversity by using the point count method. Long hand high net, wrapping paper/papilot and camera were used to catch and observe the dragonflies. The Shannon-Wiener species diversity index was calculated. Seven species of dragonflies were recorded from Asem River. There were Orthetrum sabina, Diplacodes trivalis, Neurothemis ramburii, Crocothemis servilia, Pantala flavescens, Neurothemis stigmatizans and Orthetrum chrysis. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index analysis was ranged from 0 to 0.31, indicating low diversity. Abiotic parameter measurements showed the humidity was 67.17%, the soil pH was 7.11, the light intensity was 46310 lux and the temperature was 30 °C. The analysis of the dragonfly diversity index was correlated with the poor water quality status in Asem Binatur River, Pekalongan.
Notes on Advertisement Calls Playback by Three Species of Sarawakian Frogs
Authors: Amram Muhammad Fadzil , Zainudin Ramlah , Abdul Wahid Hasnizam
Published: July 2020

Male and female frogs respond differently towards advertisement calls. The fittest call will be chosen by the conspecific female to produce progenies, means that call from male to female is to ensure the survival of the species. The objective is to observe the response of both male and female frogs by playing the advertisement call to another male or female of the same species at their breeding site. The advertisement calls were recorded manually and were replayed using a speaker with built-in amplifier. The frog’s responses were then recorded in video form. Ambient temperatures were taken using data logger. The calls were analyzed to describe call characteristics. From the acoustic playback, both male and female Pulchrana glandulosa responded towards the calls. The male produces a crying-like sound while approaching playback source meanwhile the female produces a small “wik” sound. Male Pulchrana baramica responded by straining their calls and approaches the playback source. For male Kurixalus appendiculatus, the individuals responded by moving towards the sound source without calling. Results show that male of different species and male and female of the same species react differently towards playback calls. This shows that the breeding call recorded can be recognized by other frogs when they were played on amplifier.

 

Keywords: Advertisement calls, call characteristics, playback recording, Sarawak frogs.
Accounting For Recovery: The Art Of Navigating A Pandemic
Authors: LOH KC
Published: July 2020

Bears survive winter without water or food. Unlike humans, when deprived of sustenance bears’ body burns only fat and that only sparingly. The skeletal muscles are spared. So when spring returns, leaner but with muscles intact, bears are all prepped to forage for food. Companies could take a leaf from the book on bear metabolism. During a pandemic, companies should only consume their cash reserves and that only sparingly. To the greatest extent possible, companies should retain their workforce and keep their supply chain intact. Even in the darkest hour of a pandemic companies nonetheless must have an eye on how they can resume normal business activities when eventually the economy recovers. That is the essence of accounting for recovery. This article demonstrates how the theory of growth accounting, familiar to economists, is well suited for the purpose of navigating a company through a pandemic towards recovery.
FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI TINGKAT KELULUSAN MAHASISWA D-III KEBIDANAN PADA UJI KOMPETENSI DI POLTEKKES KEMENKES PALU
Authors: Hadina  , Mardiani Mangun  , Jusuf S Effendi  , Hadi Susiarno
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor yang memengaruhi kelulusan pada uji kompetensi bidan dan memperoleh instrumen baku berdasarkan hasil studi eksploratif yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas. Desain penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah mixed methods dengan strategi sequential exploratory. Eksplorasi faktor dilakukan melalui analisis tematik dan untuk memperoleh instrumen yang valid dan reliable dilakukan melalui analisis dengan menggunakan rasch model. Subyek penelitian adalah 6 alumni yang tidak lulus uji kompetensi, 3 alumni yang lulus uji kompetensi, dan 3 dosen D III di Jurusan kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu. Hasil eksplorasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelulusan mahasiswa pada uji kompetensi bidan dari diri mahasiswa yaitu minat dan motivasi belajar yang sangat rendah, kurang percaya diri, ketelitian dalam mengisi lembar jawaban komputer dan ketidakjujuran selama proses pendidikan. Kesimpulan, tingkat kelulusan mahasiswa pada uji kompetensi masih rendah dikarenakan rendahnya motivasi dan minat belajar mahasiswa, ketidakjujuran dalam membuat laporan dan belum ada bimbingan belajar khusus menghadapi uji kompetensi. Disarankan Dosen agar memotivasi mahasiswa untuk belajar dan menfasilitasi mahasiswa dalam menghadapi uji kompetensi
DURASI MENYUSUI, DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN PENGETAHUAN MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU IBU DALAM PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI PUSKESMAS MALEI KABUPATEN POSO
Authors: Abdul Malik Lawira
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dapat memepengaruhi perilaku ibu dalam pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Malei Kabupaten Poso. Desain penelitian observasional analitik rancangan Cross Sectional, semua anggota populasi dijadikan sampel sebanyak 82 reponden dari ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 6-12 bulan. Alat pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner dan teknik analisa data yaitu data univariat dan data bivariat. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan faktor umur (p=0,158), pendidikan (p=0,360) dan pekerjaan (p=0,543) tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif, sedangkan faktor durasi menyusui (p=0,007), dukungan keluarga (p=0,005) dan pengetahuan (p=0,005) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Malei Kabupaten Poso. Kesimpulan, durasi menyusui, dukungan keluarga dan pengetahuan memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Malei Kabupaten Poso. Perlu meningkatkan dukungan keluarga dan durasi oleh setiap ibu menyusui. Memberikan pengetahuan tentang pemberian ASI Ekslusif pada kegiatan antenatal dan dukungan laktasi pascanatal baik di rumah sakit maupun di puskesmas hingga enam bulan setelah melahirkan
ANALISIS KASUS KANKER LIDAH DALAM KONTEKS ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN COMFORT THEORY MODEL
Authors: Dewi Nurviana Suharto
Published: July 2020

Prevalensi pasien dengan kanker setiap tahun terus mengalami peningkatan. Kanker lidah merupakan keganasan jenis karsinoma yang mengenai lidah dan hampir 95% berupa karsinoma sel skuamosa. Kanker lidah merupakan kanker dengan progresifitas yang tinggi dengan prognosis jelek sehingga angka kematiannya akibat kanker lidah sangat tinggi serta menimbulkan ketidaknyaman. Kenyamanan merupakan titik pangkal dari berbagai kesembuhan yang akan dicapai oleh klien. Perbaikan kondisi klien tidak akan dicapai jika kebutuhan akan rasa nyaman tidak terpenuhi. Dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan masalah yang muncul pada kanker lidah adalah nyeri kronis, ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh dan ketidakefektifan pola napas. Analisis proses praktik residensi menunjukkan bahwa comfort theory dapat diterapkan pada pasien dengan kasus keganasan dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan, karena mampu mengidentifikasi ketidaknyaman pasien secara holistik dari aspek fisik, psikospiritual, sosiokultural dan lingkungan
Leer y Escribir en Terapia Narrativa, Construyendo una Nueva Historia
Authors: Quintal Corzo Jael Alejandra , Alvarez Cuevas Silvia María , Ayora Talavera Dora Adolfina
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo realizado a partir de un estudio de caso clínico único describe la experiencia de la utilización de la escritura terapéutica como estrategia coadyuvante de una intervención psicoterapéutica sustentada en la Terapia Narrativa para mejorar el estado anímico de un consultante. Se utilizó el análisis narrativo, metodología cualitativa encaminada al estudio sistemático del significado y la experiencia personal, como medio para explorar el pensamiento y el poder de los relatos para definir la identidad (Lieblich, Tuval-Maxhiaxh & Ziber, 1998) a partir de la posición del relator de historias (Atkinson, 1997; Bochner, 2001; Smith & Sparkes, 2006). Entre los resultados destaca que la utilización de esta estrategia contribuyó a que el consultante reflexione sobre su propia identidad, las relaciones que establece con otros, sus capacidades, intereses y prioridades, así como los significados que concede a sus experiencias de vida.
Teoría del Apego en la Práctica Clínica
Authors: Benlloch Bueno Sara
Published: July 2020

Pregunta de revisión: ¿Cuáles son los últimos avances en la práctica psicoterapéutica desde la perspectiva de la teoría del apego y que recomendaciones clínicas sugieren?

Objetivo: Actualizar los conocimientos bibliográficos en relación con las posibles interacciones y/o asociaciones entre los diferentes estilos de apego adulto y la práctica psicoterapéutica teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la relación terapéutica y ofrecer así recomendaciones para la práctica clínica basadas en los últimos avances sobre el tema.

Metodología: Tras una búsqueda exhaustiva en diferentes bases de datos, se han excluido todos los artículos cuyo objetivo no fuera expresamente estudiar las relaciones entre el apego adulto y la terapia o psicoterapia individual de pacientes sin ningún trastorno específico y que fueran anteriores al 2009.

Resultados: En total 19 publicaciones cumplen con los criterios de inclusión y se analizan en una tabla que presenta sus títulos, autores y años, revista de publicación e impacto, tipo de estudio, resultados y principales conclusiones.

Conclusiones: Se proponen recomendaciones para la práctica clínica basadas en los últimos avances sobre el tema y se comentan las limitaciones y futuras reflexiones del presente estudio.
Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso y Terapia Gestalt
Authors: Ayala Romera Raquel , Rodríguez Naranjo María Carmen
Published: July 2020

Dada la pujanza con que las terapias del enfoque contextual se presentan en el panorama psicoterapéutico actual, y la incorporación de elementos de la terapia humanista como algo natural en el proceso de surgimiento y desarrollo de este enfoque (Hayes, 2012), el objetivo de este artículo es identificar y desarrollar los ingredientes específicos que denotan una convergencia entre la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso y la Terapia Gestalt, las cuales se constituyen en exponentes significativos del enfoque contextual y humanista, respectivamente. En tanto que la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso es una Terapia Contextual que se apoya en la Teoría de los Marcos Relacionales, la Terapia Gestalt fue elaborada por Fritz Perls, quien aglutinó en este enfoque el conocimiento existente en su época y dio lugar a una terapia con gran repercusión en la práctica clínica. En este artículo se presentan los fundamentos teóricos de ambos enfoques y se identifican una serie de principios teóricos y prácticos en los que estos coinciden a pesar de haber seguido recorridos diferentes para llegar a ellos. Así, se analizan elementos comunes como la evitación experiencial en la explicación de los problemas psicológicos, y se identifica un conjunto de prácticas clínicas compartidas que evidencian una convergencia entre ambos enfoques. Se realiza, por último, un análisis crítico de las repercusiones de esta convergencia en la investigación futura sobre los procesos responsables de la eficacia en psicoterapia.
Editorial
Authors: Soldevilla Joan Miquel , Saúl Luis Ángel , Caro García Ciro
Published: July 2020

Editorial del monográfico de la Revista de Psicoterapia con el título "Conversaciones sobre psicoterapia"
La psicoterapia y la sanidad pública en España
Authors: Olabarría Begoña
Published: July 2020

El SNS se crea en España a partir de la publicación en 1986 de la Ley General de Sanidad, que establece la obligatoriedad del Estado de velar por la salud de todos los ciudadanos (universalidad y equidad) e integra la atención a la Salud Mental, abriendo la puerta a la incorporación de la Psicoterapia como prestación de la Cartera de Servicios del SNS.
Recorridos de formación en psicología clínica y de la salud en España
Authors: Jarne Esparcia Adolfo , Pérez-González Alba
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se explica cuál es la situación legal actual de la práctica de la Psicología Clínica y Sanitaria en España y cuáles son los recorridos de formación en esta área en consonancia o no con la regulación legal. Se proponen seis recorridos posibles y se analizan las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada uno de ellos, así como su duración. Finalmente se mencionan los puntos de interés, a juicio de los autores, en el desarrollo de esta disciplina profesional y que en esencia son; (1) la incorporación al programa PIR y por lo tanto al acceso al título de Psicólogo Especialista en Psicología Clínica, de nuevas especialidades sanitarias psicológicas, (2) la posibilidad de incorporar a los Psicólogos Generales Sanitarios en la red pública y, por ende la cuestión de la relación entre los PEPC y los PGS, (3) por último, la necesidad de regulación legal de aquellos circuitos formativos que hoy en día se encuentran en una situación alegal, como podrían ser la neuropsicología o la psicoterapia.
Fenomenología clínica de los siete pecados capitales
Authors: Villegas Besora Manuel
Published: July 2020

El tema de los pecados capitales ha estado presente bajo diversas formas, tanto en el pensamiento filosófico como en el religioso oriental y occidental, estoicismo, budismo o cristianismo entre ellas. Aquí se consideran desde una perspectiva psicológica contemporánea en su fenomenología clínica más habitual.
Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Pediatric Cancer and Its Treatment: The Role of Sleep
Authors: Mogavero Maria Paola , Bruni Oliviero , DelRosso Lourdes M. , Ferri Raffaele
Published: July 2020

Cognitive impairment is frequent in pediatric cancer, and behavioral and psychological disturbances often also affect children who have survived cancer problems. Furthermore, pediatric tumors are also often associated with sleep disorders. The interrelationship between sleep disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders and pediatric cancer, however, is still largely unexplored. In this narrative review we approach this important aspect by first considering studies on pediatric cancer as a possible cause of neurodevelopmental disorders and then describing pediatric cancer occurring as a comorbid condition in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we discuss the role of sleep disorders in children with cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. Even if the specific literature approaching directly the topic of the role of sleep in the complex relationship between pediatric cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders was found to be scarce, the available evidence supports the idea that in-depth knowledge and correct management of sleep disorders can definitely improve the health and quality of life of children with cancer and of their families.
Function-Based Tractography of the Language Network Correlates with Aphasia in Patients with Language-Eloquent Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Haosu , Schramm Severin , Schröder Axel , Zimmer Claus , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M. , Sollmann Nico
Published: July 2020

To date, the structural characteristics that distinguish language-involved from non-involved cortical areas are largely unclear. Particularly in patients suffering from language-eloquent brain tumors, reliable mapping of the cortico-subcortical language network is of high clinical importance to prepare and guide safe tumor resection. To investigate differences in structural characteristics between language-positive and language-negative areas, 20 patients (mean age: 63.2 ± 12.9 years, 16 males) diagnosed with language-eloquent left-hemispheric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) underwent preoperative language mapping by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) and nTMS-based diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking (DTI FT). The number of language-positive and language-negative points as well as the gray matter intensity (GMI), normalized volumes of U-fibers, interhemispheric fibers, and fibers projecting to the cerebellum were assessed and compared between language-positive and language-negative nTMS mappings and set in correlation with aphasia grades. We found significantly lower GMI for language-positive nTMS points (5.7 ± 1.7 versus 7.1 ± 1.6, p = 0.0121). Furthermore, language-positive nTMS points were characterized by an enhanced connectivity profile, i.e., these points showed a significantly higher ratio in volumes for U-fibers (p ≤ 0.0056), interhemispheric fibers (p = 0.0494), and fibers projecting to the cerebellum (p = 0.0094). The number of language-positive nTMS points (R ≥ 0.4854, p ≤ 0.0300) as well as the ratio in volumes for U-fibers (R ≤ −0.4899, p ≤ 0.0283) were significantly associated with aphasia grades, as assessed pre- or postoperatively and during follow-up examinations. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for structural differences on cortical and subcortical levels between language-positive and language-negative areas, as detected by nTMS language mapping. The results may further increase confidence in the technique of nTMS language mapping and nTMS-based tractography in the direct clinical setting. Future studies may confirm our results in larger cohorts and may expand the findings to patients with other tumor entities than GBM.
Water Structures and Packing Efficiency in Methylene Blue Cyanometallate Salts
Authors: Canossa Stefano , Graiff Claudia , Crocco Domenico , Predieri Giovanni
Published: July 2020

Crystal structure prediction is the holy grail of crystal engineering and is key to its ambition of driving the formation of solids based on the selection of their molecular constituents. However, this noble quest is hampered by the limited predictability of the incorporation of solvent molecules, first and foremost the ubiquitous water. In this context, we herein report the structure of four methylene blue cyanometallate phases, where anions with various shapes and charges influence the packing motif and lead to the formation of differently hydrated structures. Importantly, water molecules are observed to play various roles as isolated fillings, dimers, or an infinite network with up to 13 water molecules per repeating unit. Each crystal structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and evaluated with the aid of Hirshfeld surface analysis, focussing on the role of water molecules and the hierarchy of different classes of interactions in the overall supramolecular landscape of the crystals. Finally, the collected pieces of evidence are matched together to highlight the leading role of MB stacking and to derive an explanation for the observed hydration diversity based on the structural role of water molecules in the crystal architecture.
Diet: A Specific Part of the Western Lifestyle Pack in the Asthma Epidemic
Authors: Frontela-Saseta Carmen , González-Bermúdez Carlos A. , García-Marcos Luis
Published: July 2020

The Western lifestyle is a complex concept that includes the diet as the main axis of different factors which contribute to a detrimental effect on health, lower life expectancy and low quality-of-life. This type of diet is characterized by being high in calories, mainly provided by saturated fats, and rich in sugars that can lead to changes in immune cells and their responsiveness, by different mechanisms that have yet to be totally clarified. Inflammatory processes are perpetuated through different pathways, in which adipose tissue is a major factor. High fat stores in overweight and obesity accumulate energy but the endocrine function is also producing and releasing different bioactive compounds, adipokines, known to be pro-inflammatory and which play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. This review therefore explores the latest evidence regarding the adverse effect of the Western diet on adipose tissue inflammation and its causative effect on the asthma epidemic.
Cytogenetic examination methods: opportunities for laboratory diagnostics and information content for the doctor
Authors: Ivanova T.
Published: July 2020

The use of modern certified cytogenetic methods makes it possible to identify chromosomal abnormalities. The possibilities of laboratory diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities are given. Examples of the use of cytogenetic chromosome analysis, examples of forms for the issuance of results, their analysis are considered. The features of the preanalytical analytical and postanalytical stages in the designation and implementation of studies are analyzed.
Changes in the distribution and abundance of Carex ericetorum in Britain since the 1970s
Authors: Walker Kevin , Stroh Peter
Published: July 2020

British populations of Carex ericetorum Poll. (Rare Spring Sedge) were visited between 2008 and 2015 to assess size, habitats, associated vegetation, management, threats and changes in abundance since the 1970s. C. ericetorum was relocated at 40 of the 64 sites visited, mainly in northwest England (24 sites) and East Anglia (nine sites); most populations that couldn’t be relocated were in southern and eastern England. Population sizes were usually small (<100 individuals) and had remained relatively stable or had increased in size since the 1970s. In southern and eastern England, C. ericetorum was restricted to species-rich calcareous grassland overlying chalk or limestone dominated by Festuca ovina and Bromopsis erecta. In northwest England, it was confined to limestone grassland dominated by Sesleria caerulea. Ideal management for C. ericetorum comprised autumn and winter grazing to maintain a short sward (<6 cm), although it had persisted in the absence of grazing where the growth of dominants was restricted by exposure and/or soil infertility. The main threat to its survival is now a lack of grazing leading to increased competition with tall grasses, although agricultural intensification had caused losses in the lowlands. Nitrogen deposition is also likely to have compounded these threats on some sites. Its survival on many sites will require the maintenance or reinstatement of grazing.
Hieracium lanceolatum does not occur in Britain
Authors: Rich Timothy C.G.
Published: July 2020

The status of Hieracium lanceolatum Vill. in Britain has been reviewed against the original descriptions and material from the western Alps. British plants named as H. lanceolatum show a poor match with H. lanceolatum and fit H. prenanthoides Vill. better. It is concluded that H. lanceolatum does not occur in Britain.
Flow cytometry measurements of ploidy level in British Hieracium section Foliosa and section Prenanthoidea (Asteraceae)
Authors: Zdvořák Pavel , Mráz Patrik , Rich Tim
Published: July 2020

Ploidy level has been estimated in all extant British members of Hieracium section Foliosa (Fr.) Arv.-Touv. and section Prenanthoidea W. D. J. Koch (Asteraceae) from seed samples using flow cytometry. Hieracium bakerianum, H. drummondii, H. latobrigorum, H. maritimum, H. melanoglochin, H. reayense, H. reticulatiforme, H. strictiforme, H. subcrocatum, H. subumbellatiforme, H. tavense and H. prenanthoides were all triploid.
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates
Authors: KARAGÖZ Alper , ALTINTAŞ Levent , ARSLANTAŞ Tutku , TUTUN Hidayet , KOÇAK Nadir , ALTINTAŞ Özlem
Published: July 2020

Salmonella spp. is the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens causing human and animal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the molecular typing of 200 Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from the patients’ stools between 2016 and 2019 in Turkey. The isolates were examined for antibiotic susceptibility patterns (21 antimicrobial agents) by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method or molecular typing by Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profiling. Although all isolates were susceptible to four antibiotics (suphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and trimethoprim), all were resistant to 15 different antibiotics. In the PFGE study performed with XbaI enzyme, all isolates were found to be related to each other according to similarity rates of 85% and above. There were two major clones, clone A and B. Clone A was divided into 6 pulsotypes (A1-A2-A3-A4-A5-A6) and clone B was divided into 3 pulsotypes (B1-B2-B3). Clone A had 87% similarity and Clone B had 90% similarity. The clustering rate was 86% (172/200). All isolates harboured 1-4 plasmid ranging in size from 2.5 to 57 kb and showed 6 plasmid profiles (P1-P6). All isolates carried the 57 kb plasmid individually or in combination with other plasmids. Most of the isolates 136 (68%) had P2 profile. Our findings indicate that the majority of all isolates were clonally related and had cross contamination problems. In this study, the importance of molecular typing methods in order to take more effective protection and control measures against Salmonella has been demonstrated and proposed to use such methods.
Older persons’ experience with health care at two primary level clinics in Cape Town, South Africa: a qualitative assessment
Authors: Motsohi Tsepo , Namane Mosedi , Anele Augustine Chidi , Abbas Mumtaz , Kalula Sebastiana Zimba
Published: July 2020

Background

Efficient methods of assessing older persons’ healthcare needs are required in busy public sector primary healthcare clinics in South Africa. These clinics are the main points of entry into the healthcare system. This study was part of a larger study to test the local applicability and adaptability of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Age Friendly Primary Care Toolkit for assessing and managing chronic diseases and common geriatric syndromes.

Aim

To assess how older persons experience healthcare delivery at two primary healthcare clinics, and identify perceived gaps in health care to older people.

Design & setting

A qualitative study at two primary healthcare sites in the suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa.

Method

Focus group discussions (two at each facility) using an interview guide.

Results

Analysed data were categorised into five themes: ‘despite the challenges, there is overall good care’; ‘communication gaps and the frustration of feeling unheard’; ‘the health service is experienced as being unreliable, stretched, and is difficult to access’; ‘there is a perception of pervasive structural ageism in the clinics’; and ‘there is a perception that the quality of care received is related to the profession of the healthcare provider’.

Conclusion

Challenges of access and care for older clients at primary care clinics are linked to their age-specific holistic needs, which are not fully met by the current age-friendly arrangements. Measures should be taken at the clinics to complement the perceived good clinical care received, by improving access to care, making care appropriate to the need, reducing waiting times, and creating opportunities for older persons to feel respected and heard.
MAKNA DAN NILAI PAPPASENG DALAM LONTARA’ LATOA KAJAO LALIDDONG DENGAN ARUMMPONE: ANALISIS HERMENEUTIKA
Authors: Rawe Besse Tenri
Published: July 2020

This study aims to explain the form, meaning, and value of pappaseng in Lontara 'Latoa: Kajao Laliddong with Arummpone by using Paul Ricouer's hermeneutic approach. This research is a qualitative research. The research data are in the form of Lontara 'Latoa: Kajao Laliddong and Arummpone texts. Data collection method used by the author is a library method by gathering information relevant to the topic or problem to be or is being studied. That information can be obtained from scientific books, research reports, scientific essays, theses and dissertations, regulations, provisions, yearbooks, encyclopedias, and written sources both printed and electronic. Data were analyzed using Paul Ricouer's hermeneutic analysis. The results of this study indicate the form of pappaseng in the form of dialogue discourse consisting of expressions and proverbs. The meaning of Pappaseng that was found consisted of three, namely the description of the characteristics of a good leader, a sign of the triumph of the state, and a characteristic of the destruction of the state. These three meanings gave birth to Bugis values including: honesty (alêmpureng), intellectual value (amaccangêng), firmness value (agêttêngêng), and family and love values (assiajingêng).
TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM ON THE LYRICS OF GERMAN CHILDREN’S SONG: FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS STUDIES
Authors: Ayu Putri Nurul Mawaddah , Maknun Tadjuddin , Lukman Lukman
Published: July 2020

The research aimed to analyze the type of transitivity process, genre structure, and to show the dominant kind of process on the lyrics of German children song. This research is descriptive qualitative research and supported by quantitative data. The data sources of the study are the lyrics of the German children song. The population of this research is all of the clauses on the lyrics of German children song. The research sample is clauses in the lyrics of German children song.  The lyrics contain elements of transitivity sorted out purposively. The analysis used in this research is Halliday transitivity system analysis. The research finding indicated that (1) The type of process which was found in the analysis of the lyrics of German children’s song consists of six processes that are the relational process, the material process, the mental process, the verbal process, the existential process, and the behavioural process.  (2) The kind of genre was found on the lyrics of German children’s song was two kinds of a genre that is narrative genre and stories genre. The result of the analysis of genre structure on the lyrics of German children’s song concluded that were not all of the elements of the genre structure were found on the lyrics. (3) The dominated process is the relational process that was represented by human and environmental social life.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PRANCIS PEMANDU WISATA DI TANA TORAJA
Authors: Parura Kidung Biantong , Junus Fierenziana Getruida , Armin Mardi Adi
Published: July 2020

This article is the result of a study on "French Language Guide in Tana Toraja". This study aims to analyze the mistakes made by tour guides in Tana Toraja in French. The subjects in this study were 3 French-speaking tour guides, and the object in this study was a mistake in French. This study uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis methods with a theory approach to analyzing language errors in the Tarigan model that divides language errors into misformation, omission, addition, and misorder which will then be searched for factors causing language errors by tour guides in Tana Toraja. After conducting research, the results of the analysis show that all tour guides make mistakes in French, and the most dominant tour guide makes mistakes is the tour guide 1. The error is caused by performance factors such as experience and communication goals and competency factors, namely education.
Is a Decentralised Health Policy Associated With Better Self-rated Health and Health Services Evaluation? A Comparative Study of European Countries
Authors: Martinussen Pål E. , Rydland Håvard T.
Published: July 2020

Background: While decentralisation has come to be a major policy strategy in many healthcare systems, there is still insufficient evidence about its impact. Most studies have been of developing countries, and they have provided mixed results. This study is the first to test the relevance of political decentralisation across European countries, thus meeting the demand for more studies of decentralisation in developed countries, and building on an indicator of decentralisation reflecting the allocation of authority for both health policy tasks and health policy areas. Methods: As indicators of health system outcome, we employed 2 measures that have not previously been investigated in the context of decentralisation: self-rated health and satisfaction with healthcare system. Using multilevel modelling and controlling for individual-level demographic and socioeconomic variables, the paper utilised the 2014 (7th) and 2016 (8th) round of the European Social Survey (ESS), including more than 70 000 individuals from 20 countries. Results: The results suggest that decentralisation has a positive and significant association with health system satisfaction, but not with self-rated health. Of the different operationalisations, decentralised healthcare provision had the strongest association with health system satisfaction. Conclusions: Our study fails to provide clear support for decentralised health systems. There is a need for more research on the impact of such reforms in order to provide policy-makers with knowledge of desirable governance, organisational designs, management and incentives in healthcare.
Ageing in Asia: Beyond the Astana Declaration Towards Financing Long-term Care for All Comment on "Financing Long-term Care: Lessons From Japan"
Authors: Phua Kai Hong , Goh Lee Gan , Sharipova Dina
Published: July 2020

The Astana Declaration on primary healthcare in 2018 was the attempt to revive the ideals of the World Health Organization (WHO) Alma-Ata Declaration 40 years later, together with a call for the political will to provide adequate financing at acceptable quality of care. This approach is taken to achieve the past ideals of Health for All, given the new challenges of universal health coverage. The economic case for primary healthcare is justified against the growing demand due in part to the growing costs of chronic conditions and the rise of ageing population, other than the supply-side factors of the healthcare industry. Past healthcare systems have evolved greater roles of the state versus the market, but few have involved the Third Sector or civil society in more integrated ways to provide and finance long-term care (LTC) with population ageing. From the extremes of the communist state to capitalist free markets, an optimal public-private system has to reach a balance in access, cost and quality for health and LTC. Recent studies of health and LTC have distilled newer developments in public-private mixes of provision, financing and regulation, in response to the needs of fast-ageing Asian societies. While Japan was the oldest country in the world, other countries in Asia have caught up and are now acknowledged where innovative models of integrated eldercare under economic limits, hold great promise of their transferability to the rest of ageing societies. Besides other forms of integrated LTC delivery with traditional systems, newer forms of financing like savings funds and superannuation have been developed, with participation from government, industry and civil society. There is much to learn from the new Asian models of financing, using appropriate technology and social innovations, and integrating health and social systems for LTC.