bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Pressure Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium Transition Metal Oxides with a Layered Rocksalt Structure
Authors: Chang Hansen , Kubota Kei , Kobayashi Genki , Hirayama Masaaki , Kanno Ryoji
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Carbon-Supported Palladium Catalysts Using Rotating Ring Disk Electrode
Authors: Arroyo-Ramírez Lisandra , Raptis Raphael G. , Cabrera Carlos R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Tensile Strained Si Seed Produced by Ion Implantation Technique
Authors: Liu Linjie , Xue Zhongying , Bian Jiantao , Jiang Haitao T. , Wei Xing , Di Zengfeng , Zhang Miao
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Applications of Nanowire Enabled Micro Opto-Thermal Actuation
Authors: Lal Amit
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The Effect of Plasma Treatment on Reducing Electroforming Voltage of Silicon Oxide RRAM
Authors: Xue Fei , Chen Yen-Ting , Wang Yanzhen , Zhou Fei , Fowler Burt , Lee Jack
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Bipolar Resistive Switching Characteristics Using Al/Cu/GeOx/W Memristors
Authors: Maikap Siddheswar , Rahaman S. Z.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Development of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) Precursors and Preparation of TCO Thin Films
Authors: Chung Taek-Mo , Kim Chang Gyoun , An Ki-Seok , Lee Sun Sook , Park Bo Keun , Lee Byoung Kook
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Plasma Electrochemistry: How Plasmas can be used to Mediate Electrochemical Reactions for Novel Chemical and Materials Applications
Authors: Lee Seung Whan , Sankaran R. Mohan
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
N2O Plasma Treatment Suppressed Temperature-dependent Point Defects Formation with Amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Jhu Jhe-Ciou , Chang Ting-Chang , Chang Geng-Wei , Tai Ya-Hsiang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Enhanced Optical Properties of Metal Oxide Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Thomas Allan , Cui Jingbiao
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis of Copper-Based Metal Sponges with Open-Cell Structure by Electrochemical Process
Authors: Kim Sunjung , Bui Binh Ha , Kim Kyeongmi , Im Byoungyong
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Effects of Pore Structure and Myristic Acid on the Wettability of the AAO Surface
Authors: Behzadi Fahimeh , Moradi Mahmood , Noormohammadi Mohammad , Sabaghi Saeed
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Microscopic Scale Modeling of Effective Transport Properties in Li-Ion Cathodes with Network Theory
Authors: Du Wenbo , Gupta Amit , Xue Nansi , Martins Joaquim R. R. A. , Sastry Ann Marie , Shyy Wei
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Multi-Scale Simulation of Synergistic Effects of Additives in Damascene Electroplating
Authors: Kaneko Yutaka , Ohara Katsuhiko , Asa Fujio
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Quinone-Based Redox Catalyst for the Electroreduction of Oxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wang Andrew , Bonakdarpour Arman , Wilkinson David , Gyenge Elod
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Composite Co/C Catalysts for Electroreduction of O2 to H2O2
Authors: Bonakdarpour Arman , Gyenge Elod , Wilkinson David
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Model Based Optimal Design of Electrode Architecture of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ramadesigan Venkatasailanathan , Northrop Paul W. , De Sumitava , Sikha Godfrey , Braatz Richard D. , Subramanian Venkat R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Variational Multi-Scale Enrichment for Electrochemical-Mechanical Li-Ion Battery Cell
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Park Jonghyun , Zhu Min , Sastry Ann Marie
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Fuel Cell Performance and Water Transport Properties of Asymmetric Bi-Layer Proton Conducting Membranes
Authors: Peng Zhe , Morin Arnaud , Huguet Patrice , Deabate Stefano , Sutor A. K.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nanoscale Resistive Switching Memory Devices
Authors: Lee Jang-Sik
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Compositional and Image Characterization of Pulse Electrodeposited Co-Cu Nanowires
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Spivey James J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
p-Cu2O-Shell/n-TiO2-Nanowire-Core Heterstucture Photodiodes
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Ying , Chang Shoou-Jinn , Hsueh Ting-Jen , Weng Wen-Ying , Chiu Chiu-Jung , Huang Zheng-Da
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Growth of Silicide/Si Nanowire Heterostructures with Point and Line Contact Reactions
Authors: Lu Kuo-Chang , Wu Wen-Wei , Chen Lih J. , Tu King-Ning
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Understanding of Phase Formation, Thermal Stability, and Decomposition of Cathode Material LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 in Oxygen-Deficient and Air Conditions by In Situ Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Cai Lu , An Ke , Liu Zengcai , Mills Rebecca , Liang Chengdu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High Performance Micro-supercapacitors based on Interdigital Graphene/CNT Hybrid Electrodes
Authors: Beidaghi Majid , Gharibi Kaveh , Wang Chunlei
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High Capacity Cathodes Based on Doped Ceria Catalyst for Rechargeable Li-O2 Batteries
Authors: Kalubarme Ramchandra S. , Kim Tae-Kyoung , Park Chan-Jin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Experimental Investigation of Degradation in PEMFC with Dead-Ended Anode Operation
Authors: Marsuura Toyoaki , Siegel Jason B. , Stefanopoulou Anna G.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
A New Hybrid Redox Flow Battery with Multiple Redox Couples
Authors: Wang Wei , Nie Zimin , Chen Baowei , Chen Feng , Luo Qingtao , Shao Yuyan , Wei Xiaoliang , Xia Guan-Guang , Li Liyu , Yang Zhenguo
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Active Species Concentration Effects on Performance of a Preconditioned Non-Aqueous All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Shinkle Aaron , Sleightholme Alice , Monroe Charles , Thompson Levi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High-Performance LiCoPO4 Nanotubes as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Mao-Wen , Goodenough John B.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
(Invited) Transport Properties of Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors under Thermodynamically Equilibrated Conditions: Measurements on Porous Bodies
Authors: Virkar Anil
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Metal Phosphates as Intermediate Temperature Proton Conducting Electrolytes for Fuel Cells and Electrolysers
Authors: Huang Yunjie J. , Li Qingfeng , Pan Chao , Anfimova Tatiana , Jensen Jens Oluf , Bjerrum Niels J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
(Invited) Defective Strontium Titanates for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Irvine John T.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
High Energy Density Redox Flow Electrodes to Enable Large Scale Electrochemical Storage
Authors: Chiang Yet-Ming , Carter W. C. , Dong Yajie , Brunini Victor , Baram Nir , Li Zheng
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Direct Observation of Enhanced Lithium-Ion Intercalation in LiFePO4 Nanocrystals with Controlled Crystallinity
Authors: Chen Qian N. , Liu Yanyi , Liu Yuanming , Xie Shuhong , Cao Guozhong , Li Jiangyu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
3D Morphological Evolution of Li-Ion Battery Anode LiVO2 during Oxidation --Using X-ray Nano-Tomography
Authors: Chen Yu-chen K. , Shearing Paul , Yuan Qingxi , Gelb Jeff , Eng Christopher , Wang Jun
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
In Situ Characterization of the Cracking of Battery Electrodes by Acoustic Emission
Authors: Etiemble Aurelien , Idrissi Hassane , Roué Lionel
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Studies of SDXTM on the Boundary Resistance between Aluminum Current Collectors and Cathode Active Material Layers
Authors: Arai Yoshikazu , Kunisawa Masatoshi , Yamaguchi Tomofumi , Yokouchi Hitoshi , Matsuo Akira , Ohmori Masahiro
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Nanowire Energy Storage Device: Fabrication and Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Gowda Sanketh , Reddy Arava Leela Mohana , Ajayan Pulickel
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Root Cause for Rapid Growth of Cell Impedance in Li-Ion High Energy Cells Having Overlithiated Cathodes and Graphite Negatives
Authors: Ma Chengsong , Staniewicz Robert , Deveney Bridget , Hafner Steve , Bugga R. , West William C. , Smart Marshall C. , Soler Jess
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Carbon - Silicon Nanocomposite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yushin Gleb Y.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Microstructure Study of Si Thin Film Anode with Different Adhesion Layers for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Oh Minsub , Song Younghak , Yoon Taegwang , Woo Chang-Su , Jeong Jun-Ho , Lee Hoo-Jeong , Hyun Seungmin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Local Structure Investigations on Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Co0.4]O2 via In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Kloepsch Richard , Rana Jatinkumar , Li Jie , Schumacher Gerhard , Banhart John , Passerini Stefano , Winter Martin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Characterizing Leachant Contaminants from Fuel Cell Assembly Aids, a Prelude to Effects on Performance
Authors: Macomber Clay S. , Christ Jason , Wang Heli , Pivovar Bryan S. , Dinh Huyen N.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Correlating Catalyst and Catalyst-Support Structures with Observed Degradation in PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: More Karren L. , Cullen David A. , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Perry Kelly A. , Reeves K. Shawn
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Cathode Catalysts Degradation Mechanism from Liquid Electrolyte to Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Marcu Alina A. , Toth Gabor
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Cross-Linked poly(arylene Ether Ketone) Membranes Sulfonated on both Backbone and Pendant Position for High Proton Conducting and Low Water Uptake
Authors: Dang Hai-Son , Kim Dukjoon
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell (AMFC) materials and system improvement - State-of-the-Art
Authors: Dekel Dario R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Fundamental Studies of Alkaline Exchange Membranes Towards Optimization in a Fuel Cell Environment
Authors: Herring Andrew M. , Coughlin E. Bryan , Knauss Daniel M. , Voth Gregory A. , Witten Thomas A. , Liberatore Matthew W. , Yan Yushan
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Studies of the Catalytic Activity of Unsupported Pt-Based Anodes Modified with CeO2 for the Electro-Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol in Acid Electrolyte
Authors: Chávez Villanueva A.F. , Ramírez Adriana , Vargas Gutiérrez G. , Rodríguez Varela F.J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Preparation and Characterization of Anionic Binder Based Electrodes for Anion-Exchangeable Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Shin Mun-Sik , Byun Young-Jun , Park Jin-Soo , Kang Moon-Sung , Kim Yang-Hoon
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Cross-Linked Poly(Arylene Ether Ketone) Membranes Containing Pendant Sulfonic Acid Groups for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Dang Hai-Son , Kim Dukjoon
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Correlation between Local Structure and Catalytic Activity of Monolayer Pt Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Orikasa Yuki , Inaba Minoru , Uchimoto Yoshiharu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Three-Dimensional Morphological Characterization of Micro Porous Layers
Authors: Sadeghi Alavijeh Alireza , Nanjundappa Abhishek , El Hannach Mohamed , Kjeang Erik
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Group 4 and 5 Metal Oxide-Based Compounds as New Non-Platinum Cathode for PEFC
Authors: Ishihara Akimitsu , Yin Shihong , Suito Kazuaki , Hara Kohei , Matsuzawa Koichi , Mitsushima Shigenori , Ota Ken-ichiro , Matsumoto Masashi , Imai Hideto
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
PEM Fuel Cell Performance and Durability with Different Treatments of Microporous Layer
Authors: Spernjak Dusan , Mukundan Rangachary , Wilde Peter , Schweiss Ruediger , More Karren L. , Langlois David , Fairweather Joseph D. , Borup Rodney L.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Testing of 17-Cell Dimensionally Stable Membrane (DSA) High-Pressure Electrolysis Stack
Authors: Kisor Adam K. , Errico Michael , Valdez Thomas I. , Hamdan Monjid , Willey Jason , Norman Timothy , Mittelsteadt Cortney , Hoberecht Mark
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production from Water Using p-type Calcium Ferrite and n-type Semiconducting Electrodes
Authors: Ida Shintaro , Yamada Keisuke , Hagiwara Hidehisa , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion Using Earth-Abundant Semiconductor Nanomaterials
Authors: Jin Song
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Performance and Limits of 2.2 eV Copper Tungstate (CuWO4) Mineral for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production
Authors: Gaillard Nicolas M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
ITO Nanowire-Based Photoelectrodes for Extremely Fast Charge Collection
Authors: Noh Jun Hong , Kim Jin Young , Han Gil-Sang , Shin Hyunjung , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Development at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for Renewable Integration and Smart Grid Applications
Authors: Sprenkle Vincent L. , Kim Soowhan , Wang Wei , Xia Guan-Guang , Kim Jin Yong , Choi Daiwon
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Effect of Sulfate Ion on Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Type 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel in Chloride Solution
Authors: Ji W.J. , Pan Szu-Jung , Tsai Wen-Ta
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Observation of Metal Dissolution under LaminarFlow in a Microfluidic Channel - Copper with Chloride Solution -
Authors: Sakugawa Suguru , Kotake Nozomu , Hayase Masanori
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The effect of Sulfate and Chloride Ions on the Rust Composition of Weathering Steel
Authors: Ohtsuka Toshiaki , Tanaka Shozo , Koya Masaki , Hyono Atsushi , Ueda Mikito
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Corrosion Inhibition by Zinc Corrosion Products on Zinc-Coated Steel
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Azumi Kazuhisa
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The Influence of Rare-Earth Doping and Non-Stoichiometry on the Corrosion of Uranium Dioxide
Authors: He Heming , O'Neil Kevin , Semenikhin Oleg , Shoesmith David W.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Localised SKP Studies of Cathodic Disbondment on Chromium/Chromium Oxide Coated Steel
Authors: Warren David J. , McMurray Hamilton N.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Investigation of Copper Corrosion Inhibition by Ethyl Xanthate with Frequency-Dependent Alternating-Current Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Santana Juan J. , Souto Ricardo M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Damage Evolution Quantification of Hybrid Coatings on Aluminum Alloy by Surface and Electrochemical Techniques
Authors: Barraza-Fierro Israel , Gao Tongzhai , Soucek Mark , Castaneda Homero
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Immobilization of Polymer-Protected Platinum Nanocluster on Plastic Substrate for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Plastic Solar Cell
Authors: Wei Tzu-Chien , Ikegami Masashi , Miyasaka Tsutomu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Why <111>A Pore Propagation Occurs in InP and the Mechanism that Dictates Pore Width
Authors: Lynch Robert P , Quill Nathan , O'Dwyer Colm , Nakahara Shohei , Buckley Denis Noel
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Mixed Oxide Thin Film Transistors Under Combinatory Optical Irradiation and Electrical Bias
Authors: Alford Terry L. , Vemuri Rajitha N. P. , Mathews Winnie P.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis of High Density ZnO Nanowire Arrays for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Yang , Xu Cheng , Zou Yongjie , Ziegler Kirk J
Published: February 2020

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been extensively studied for the past few years because of their low-cost and high-efficiency. The surface area of the photoanode, which determines the amount of photons absorbed, is one of the most critical factors to improve the efficiency of DSSCs. Although conventional TiO2 nanoparticle-based DSSCs have shown promising results, their performance has been limited to ~11% because of diffusion and back reaction problems. Due to its excellent band gap (3.37 eV) and high exciton binding energy (60 meV) properties, one-dimensional ZnO nanowire arrays are capable of overcoming the limitation of nanoparticle-based DSSCs by improving electron injection and axial electron diffusion. Based on models proposed by our group, the efficiency of DSSCs based on TiO2 core-shell ZnO nanowire arrays (40 µm in lengths, 40 nm in diameter and ~1011 /cm2 of density) can significantly surpass current efficiencies. To reach our objective, we focused on pH value control and using two-step anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) as a template to control the dimension of ZnO nanowire arrays. The synthesis was carried out using both hydrothermal and CVD methods. After that, SEM, TEM, and XRD were applied to characterize these ZnO nanowire arrays. By using this technique, it provides a new approach to obtain vertically-aligned ZnO nanowire arrays with both high density and aspect-ratio through a large-scale process.

Keywords:

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC), ZnO Nanowire Arrays, AAO Template, Hydrothermal, CVD
Magnetic Field Effects on Triplet Emissivity of Metalloporphyrin-Containing Multichromophoric Systems
Authors: Vinogradov Sergei , Mani Tomoyasu
Published: February 2020

Control over dynamics of excited states of molecules is of fundamental importance for utilization of these states in all areas of technology, including optical imaging. We are exploring the possibility of imposing magnetic control over triplet emissivity of metalloporphyrins in multichromophoric donor-acceptor systems by influencing spin dynamics in intermediates preceding formation of the phosphorescent triplet states. Studies of electron and energy transfer dynamics in systems, comprising phosphorescent platinum (II) porphyrins (PtP) and rhodamine B (RhB) derivatives will be discussed. We demonstrate that visible room-temperature phosphorescence, resulting from direct spin-allowed transition of PtP, can be modulated by weak magnetic fields (<1T). Furthermore, similar effect has been observed upon diffusional encounters of phosphorescent metalloporphyrins with dark electron transfer quenchers. In another example, metalloporhyrins serve as triplet sensitizers, giving rise to long-lived triplet states of aromatic chromophores (perylene, rubrene), which in turn undergo triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) and fluorescence emission via upconversion. Magnetic modulation of TTA-sensitized delayed fluorescence and delayed phosphorescence in solutions at room temperature has been demonstrated. These studies present unusual and interesting examples of magnetic field effects on molecular emissivity and set the stage for rational design of magnetically controlled optical probes.
Inemi and Itrs Collaborative Approach and Preliminary Plan for Adressing More Than Moore Roadmapping
Authors: Richardson Charles Edward
Published: February 2020

iNEMI (International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative) and the ITRS (International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors) have been collaborating for the past several roadmap cycles to the extent that the iNEMI “Portable/Consumer Chapter” has provided input to the “ITRS Drivers” Chapter and two chapters from each roadmap share their leadership: 1. Packaging & Component Substrates/ Assembly & Packaging 2. MEMS & Sensors/MEMS. The iNEMI Roadmap also uses a version of the ITRS Executive Overview as the Semiconductor Technology Chapter. The individual roadmaps also refer to each other when applicable in their respective chapters. Starting with the last two cycles the two roadmap groups have been working together to develop a process for collaborating on the “More than Moore” aspects of the roadmaps. Discussions and presentations at various ITRS meeting venues led to a workshop held in Lyon, France in 2013 (in conjunction with the ITRS Spring Meeting) co-hosted by the European contingent of the ITRS More than Moore cross-TWG study group and iNEMI to work on this process. A follow-up meeting was held the following July (as a part of the ITRS Summer Meeting) at Stanford University and hosted by Paolo Gargini, ITRS Chairman, Patrick Cogez, ITRS cross TWG study group and Chuck Richardson, iNEMI Roadmap Director. There are plans to continue this roadmap cycle (2013 major upgrade for ITRS) and 2015 update for the iNEMI Roadmap as we have been doing for the past several cycles while continuing to work out a process to expand the collaboration to “More than Moore”.

This paper will address the approach and request feedback from attendees as to how best to proceed.
(Invited) The Thermoelectric Properties of Ge/SiGe Based Superlattices: from Materials to Energy Harvesting Modules
Authors: Samarelli Antonio , Ferre Llin Lourdes , Cecchi Stefano , Frigerio Jacopo , Etzelstorfer Tanja , Müller Gubler Elisabeth , Stangl Julian , Chrastina Daniel , Isella Giovanni , Paul Douglas
Published: February 2020

We report recent progresses in the fabrication & characterization of multilayered Si & Ge –based thermoelectric materials & generators. Thermoelectric modules are used in a variety of applications to both harvest heat to generate electricity or to provide cooling by Peltier effect under electrical excitation. The performance of a thermoelectric material is estimated using, two main figures of merit: ZT=α2σ/κ & the power factor PF= α2σ, where α is the Seebeck coefﬁcient, σ is the electrical conductivity, κ is the thermal conductivity & T is the temperature of operation.

The choice of Si & Ge is driven by the low cost and process compatibility of these materials with the CMOS industry, with a final vision of the integration of thermoelectric modules, power management unit and sensor on a stand alone platform. So far, SiGe alloys have been employed for high temperature application, close to room temperature the figures of merit are quite poor. The design, for bulk materials, is challenging as σ and κ are proportionally correlated from the Wiedmann Franz law - the optimization of one parameter impairs the other. However, the presence of low dimensional structures introduces an extra degree of freedom in the design of the material. Mature Si/SiGe and Ge/SiGe heteroepitaxial Low Energy Plasma Enhaced Chemical Vapour Deposition (LEPECVD) growth technology have been employed to realize complex multilayered structures for the investigation. Micro and nano-fabrication processes have been used to realize metrology structures fully integrated with the specimen. A complete module using both p-type and n-type is presented and the optimization for a series of designs using low dimensional structures is reported.
Influence of Lipid Droplet Dripping on the Formation of Lipid Film and Liposomes
Authors: Li Wen Man , Yang Jun , Luo Hong Yan , Liao Yan Jian , Hu Ning
Published: February 2020

Liposomes are a kind of enclosed vesicles formed by some amphipathic molecules such as lipids. They are usually used as biological carriers, and widely applied in some fields such as biophysics and medicine for their outstanding advantages. Electroformation is an important method for liposome preparation.

Obtaining a high-quality lipid film is a crucial step in liposome electroformation. Commonly, even spreading of lipid film on the substrate is desired. Composition and loading manner of lipid solution, as well as the surface property of the substrate are the main impact factors. Among them, loading manner is the most easily adjustable factor. Direct dripping is widely used because a little solution is required and its operation is very simple.

However, many factors may influence the dripping process and the formation effect of lipid film. In this study, simulation method and high-speed video camera are used to investigate the formation of lipid film by using different dripping manners of lipid solution. Simulation is performed by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Different dripping parameters such as dripping height and angle, as well as the volume of lipid drop are investigated. According to the simulation and the experimental observation by using the high-speed video camera, optimal parameters can be chosen to form lipid film as even as possible.

Liposome-electroformation experiments have been done on an ITO-glass chip. More and homogeneous giant unilamellar vesicles can be formed when these optimal parameters are used.
Design and Performance of Microdevices for High-Efficiency Sterilization of Bacteria
Authors: Yang Jun , Luo Hong-yan , Hu Ning , Liao Yan-jian , Zeng Lisa
Published: February 2020

Sterilization of bacteria is a important aspect in food safety, health, and experimental study. There are a lot of sterilization methods, which are mainly divided into two categories: heating and non-heating. Pulsed electric field (PEF) based sterilization has become a widely used non-heating method due to its outstanding advantages such as fast, low energy consumption and temperature, high efficiency, no chemical byproduct, little change of the nutrition of liquid foods, and so on. However, high-voltage generator is required in the traditional PEF sterilization device, and it is too costly and dangerous to be widely applied.

In this study, devices with micro-scale electrodes are designed for the sterilization of bacteria. Due to much short distance between each pair of electrodes, low voltage pulse electric field can be used to achieve good effect of sterilization. Structures of electrodes and channels are attentively designed for desired electric-field profile, the impact of some electric parameters is also discussed.

COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to simulate the change of trans-membrane voltage on bacteria and the electroporation process. Geometries of electrodes and channels, as well as some electric parameters such as voltage, number, width, interval of electric pulses are investigated. Simulation results show that the electric field can be focused by microelectrode array other than plate electrodes with micro-scale gap. Thus, stronger electric field can be generated within a microelectrode array than that between two plate electrodes under the same applied voltage, and it helps sterilization. For three different microelectrode arrays, planar-comb teeth structure can achieve better sterilization effect. The impact of electric parameters on the generation, amplitude and distribution of trans-membrane voltage on bacteria has also been simulated. Suitable parameters can form perforation with enough size to kill bacteria without overmuch energy consumption and thermogenesis. Experimental studies also obtain similar results as the simulation. Based on the simulation, optimal sterilization device and electric parameters can be achieved.
Electroformation on 3D Chip with "Holes" and "Inlands"
Authors: Wang Qiong , Yang Jun , Hu Ning , Liao Yan-jian , Luo Hong-yan
Published: February 2020

Uniform deposited lipid film is a crucial factor in the electroformation of monodisperse vesicles. Methods of the lipid-film formation adopted in previous studies include dropping, spin-coating, or dipping by using size-controllable stamps.

According to the stamp-based method, two novel chips are designed by fabricating cylindrical "holes" and "inlands" array on the substrate, respectively. Lipid film is formed on these chips by using dropping or dipping methods. It should be noted, though, that the film thickness on the two chips are different due to distinct formation methods, it has a negligible impact on the result of vesicle size distribution.

Numerical simulation shows that the electric field is focused on the bottom due to these irregular structures ("holes" and "inlands"), specifically "holes", which also result in a stronger electroosmotic flow (EOF) without doubt. Experiments results demonstrate that the number of lipid vesicles formed on each chip decrease with the decrease of the diameter of cylindrical microstructures. However, this dependence becomes very weak when the diameter decreases to 100 um (this value is also depended on some other conditions such as the applied electric field). Optimal formation effect can be achieved when the diameter is about 40 um. In addition, these results are also affected by the distance between two substructures which is set at 20 um finally.
Electrochemical Performance and Electrodes Surface Analysis of He-NCM¦LTO Cells – Ionic Liquid vs.Carbonate Based Electrolytes
Authors: El Kazzi Mario , Berg Erik J. , Villevieille Claire , Novák Petr
Published: February 2020

The instability of the most commonly used carbonate-based electrolytes at high temperatures (> 50°C) and high potentials (> 4.5 V) is limiting the development of the next generation of high specific energy Li-ion batteries.[1] However, ionic liquids (ILs) has been proven promising under very demanding conditions. Their physical properties, such as thermal (> 120°C) and electrochemical (> 5.5 V) stability as well as low vapor pressure, make them promising for use as electrolytes. [2]

In this context, we investigated the electrochemical performance of a full cell combining spinel lithium titanate Li4Ti5O2 (LTO) vs. over lithiated layered Li(Ni, Co, Mn)O2 (denoted HE-NCM) at room temperature (RT) and 50°C. The electrolytes considered for this study are the LP30 carbonate-based (1M LiPF6 in 1:1 EC:DMC) and IL-based (1M LiBF4 with BMIMBF4).[3]

Figure 1 confirms a stable electrochemical cycling at room temperature with LP30 electrolyte, however, with the IL 55% less specific charge is obtained on the 2ndcharge and a continuous fading is observed with only 30 mAh/g after almost 130 cycles.

Post mortemX-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were carried out on both electrode surfaces after cycling at room temperature and 50°C. A detailed physico-chemical description of the (SEI/SPI) will be presented. In addition, the impact of the electrodes preparation on the SEI/SPI composition pre-XPS analysis is also investigated by comparing washed with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and unwashed electrodes.

Operando high resolution XRD and post mortemSEM analysis of the bulk and the surface morphology, respectively, will be discussed as well and correlated with the XPS measurements to better explain the SEI/SPI formation and the electrochemical behavior.

The combination of the electrochemical, structural and physico-chemical characterization techniques offer new insights into the complex electrode/electrolyte interface reactions. A unified model describing the mechanism of the electrodes film formation as a result of electrolyte decomposition will be explored.

References:

[1] John B. Goodenough, Rechargeable batteries: challenges old and new, J. Solid State Electrochem, 2012 162019-2029.

[2] M. Armand, F. Endres, D. R. MacFarlane, H. Ohno, B. Scrosati, Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future, Nature Materials, 2009 8621-629.

[3] E. Markevich, V. Baranchugov, D. Aurbach, On the possibility of using ionic liquids as electrolyte solutions for rechargeable 5V Li ion batteries, Electrochem. Commun., 2006 8 1331-1334.
Application of Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP®) in Graphite Anode – a High Efficient Prelithiation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Fu Yanbao , Battaglia Vince , Liu Gao
Published: February 2020

Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP®) was applied in graphite anode and the effects of this prelithiation method to cell performance were investigated. Performance of prelithiated cells was compared with that of regular graphite based cells. In this study, The SLMP was loaded directly on top of dried anode laminate graphite anode since this is a relatively simple way to apply SLMP. To investigate the impact of SLMP on the SEI formation, cells assembled with SLMP prelithiated graphite anodes were allowed to rest for a period of time at open circuit before cycling. Impact of SLMP on graphite performance was first studied based on lithium metal counter electrode cells (half cells). Upon prelithiation with SLMP, changes of the voltage profile and first cycle Coulombic efficiency were examined. After that, performance of the cells containing prelithiated graphite anode and Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC) cathode (full cell) was studied. The first cycle capacity loss of SLMP prelithiated cell was largely reduced and the corresponding first cycle Coulombic efficiency was significantly improved. The graphite/NMC cell with SLMP prelithiation but without any standard cell formation process showed better cycle performance than that of none SLMP containing cell with standard formation process. Prelithiation of graphite electrode with SLMP promote stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation on the surface of graphite anode. Application of SLMP in lithium-ion battery thus provides an effective method to enhance capacity, and promises a low cost SEI formation process. This also implies the potential use of other promising anode materials, such as Si and Sn that have large first cycle capacity loss, in commercial lithium-ion batteries.
A Current-Independent Constant Anode Voltage Loss Using Sm-Doped Ceria Electrolytes in SOFCs
Authors: Miyashita Tomofumi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
100 Percents Regeneration and Amount-Double of Carbon-Supported Platinum Catalysts By Adding Cheap Carbon Only---a Simple Way to Make Precious Metals Sustainable
Authors: Xu Weilin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Safety and High Discharge Rate of 5C Characteristics of 100-Ah-Class Lithium Ion Cells for Backup and Cycle Use Application
Authors: Tsujikawa Tomonobu , Yabuta Kahou , Arakawa Masayasu , Hayashi Koji
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Recently, MW-class battery systems using large lithium ion batteries have been developed and applied for load-leveling [1]. We previously reported on the characteristics and lifetime of 200-Ah-class lithium ion cells, which exhibit improved safety due to the use phosphazene flame retardants [2]. However, these cells exhibited a large amount of capacity loss at high current density because of high internal resistance. For this study, we developed 100-Ah-class lithium ion cells with improved high-rate discharge characteristics.

Sample battery

A mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate with dimethyl carbonate containing a phosphazene flame retardant was used as the electrolyte. The lithium manganese oxide spinel, in which some of the manganese was replaced with magnesium, was used as the cathode active material, and carbon-coated graphite was used as the anode active material [3]. We optimized the electrode configuration to improve the high discharge rate characteristics.

Experimental and results

The discharge rate characteristics of a 100-Ah-class cell showed that more than 95% of nominal capacity was obtained at a rate of 5 C, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows the float life of 5C at 25°C. The cell was float charged at 4.1 V. In the figure, we can see that cell lifetime of about 7 years can be expected. Figure 3 shows the cycle life of 5 C at 25°C. The cell was charged to 4.1 V at 0.2 C. Noticeable capacity decay was observed during the first 100 cycles because of cell temperature increasing due to discharge. However, capacity decay was moderate after 100 cycles.

Safety evaluation of the 100-Ah-class cells was carried out in accordance with JIS C 8715-2. There were no abnormal events. Original safety tests, such as nail penetration by using a ceramic nail and overcharge until thermal runaway, were also carried out. The cells were vented with smoke during the ceramic nail penetration test; however, there was no fire due to the effect of the flame retardant and the surface temperature of cell being less than 300°C. Short circuit was observed during the overcharge test at 161%; however, no smoke and or fire were observed. The maximum temperature of the cell surfaces was about 100°C.

We constructed a 50-kW system using 100-Ah Li ion cells for a UPS system. One hundred thirty-seven cells were connected in series in which each cell was controlled between -20 and +20 mV mean cell voltage during float charging by using a cell control unit. This system can also be used temporarily for load-leveling by connecting them in parallel.

References

[1] N. Shinoda et. Al., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review, 50 (3), 36 (2013).

[2] T. Tsujikawa, K. Yabuta, M. Arakawa and K. Hayashi, J. Power Sources, 244, 11 (2013).

[3] T. Tsujikawa, K. Yabuta, T. Matsushita, T. Matsushima, K. Hayashi, M. Arakawa, J. Power Sources, 189, 429 (2009).
Reduced-Temperature Firing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with YSZ/GDC Bilayer Electrolytes and Sr0.8La0.2TiO3-a Anode-Side Supports
Authors: Gao Zhan , Barnett Scott A
Published: February 2020

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) supported on Ni cermets have some drawbacks including coking in hydrocarbon fuels, poisoning by sulfur fuel impurities, and poor redox stability. Prior work has shown that SOFCs with an electronically conducting oxide anode support can overcome these difficulties, even if the anode functional layer is a Ni cermet. In this work, fabrication of SOFCs with Sr0.8La0.2TiO3-α (SLT) anode-side supports is demonstrated utilizing tape casting and co-firing at 1250oC. This ~ 150oC reduction in firing temperature compared to typical anode-supported cells was enabled by the use of Fe2O3 sintering aid. The reduced temperature enables the use of different materials combinations. For example, cells with a Ni–Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 anode functional layer and Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) – Gd-doped Ceria (GDC) bi-layer electrolyte have been prepared. Different amounts of Fe2O3 were added to the SLT, YSZ and GDC layers to achieve well-matched layer-to-layer shrinkage and avoid delamination. With 7.5mol.% Fe2O3 added to the SLT layer, 1mol% Fe2O3 added to the YSZ layer and 3mol.% Fe2O3 added to the GDC layer, the shrinkages were reasonably well matched and the electrolyte bi-layers were sufficiently dense to yield good open-circuit voltage of 1.043 V at 800oC in air and humidified hydrogen. The cell yielded maximum power density of 577mWcm-2 and total cell area specific resistance of 0.5Ωcm2 at 800oC; a portion of this resistance was from the SLT support. Electrochemical test results will be discussed in terms of the observed cell microstructure. In addition, results will be presented on Ni-free cells where the Ni-based anode functional layer was replaced by a mixed-conducting oxide functional layer, SrTi0.3Fe0.7O3 (STF).
(Invited) Porphyrin and Rylene Based Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Jishan
Published: February 2020

Rylenes are peri-fused naphthalene oligomers and have showed very interesting photophysical properties such as large molar extinction coefficient, high fluorescent quantum yield and very good photostability. Porphyrin-based dyes recently have been proved to be promising sensitizers for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In this work, we demonstrated that a combination of rylene and porphyrin could lead to a new type of sensitizers for DSCs with power conversion efficiency as high as 10.5%. I will discuss the synthesis of a series of rylene and porphyrin-based near-infrared dyes and their applications for DSCs.

Figure 1
Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of Agglomerated Alpha Nickel Hydroxide
Authors: Kao Li-Hsing , Chou Kan-Sen
Published: February 2020

Nano sized Al-substituted alpha nickel hydroxide was obtained through a novel method with ultra-high concentration of precursors. The effects of Al addition within 10-30 % on the interslab distance of the (001) distance as well as on the stability in basic electrolyte were investigated. Agglomerated nano alpha nickel hydroxide particles were prepared by adjusting the pH value and temperature in nano alpha nickel hydroxide slurry. Pasted agglomerated alpha and commercial beta nickel hydroxide electrodes were fabricated to collect the electrochemical data. Therefore, the results showed the agglomerated alpha nickel hydroxide electrode had higher specific capacity but lower value of volumetric energy density compared to commercial beta nickel hydroxide electrode.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of InGaN Thin Film Grown By Plasma Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Shen Yu-Min , Ganguly Abhijit , Chen Li-Chyong , Chen Kuei-Hsien
Published: February 2020

In this work, high quality epitaxial InxGa(1-x)N films were synthesized on Si (111) substrate using plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) and applied for photoelectrochemical (PEC) application. The study demonstrated that a proper tuning of composition via controlling the In/Ga ratio the PEC performance of InGaN can be optimized. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the controllable formation of c-axis InxGa(1-x)N with different compositions. Photoluminescence results indicated the variation of band gap energy within 2.4~2.8 eV depending on In/Ga ratio. Transmission electron microscopic study confirmed the epitaxial growth of InGaN films, without observable evidence of phase separation at ~0.88% lattice mismatch between InGaN and Si substrate. From the PEC study, performed in hydrochloric acid solution (1M), an optimum efficiency of 1.31% was achieved with 15.5% In content in the InGaN. Detailed electrochemical and optical studies were carried out to address the factors that might influence the PEC performance, such as the crystallinity, carrier concentration, band gap energy, energy level position, and protons diffusion length. We believe that this study could lead to a better insight into the issue of InGaN for PEC application.

Keywords: plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy, InGaN, water splitting, carrier concentration

Figure 1
(Invited) Tube^2: Optical and Electrical Properties of Tube-in-a-Tube
Authors: Wang YuHuang
Published: February 2020

Atomically-thick materials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene are prone to chemical attack because all of the constituent atoms are exposed. Conversely, at increased thicknesses, many of the remarkable properties of these materials are lost. In this talk, we will describe a novel tube-in-a-tube (Tube^2) structure with a unique combination of surface functionalities and interesting electronic and optical properties. Tube^2 is a synthetic semiconductor created from outer wall-selective functionalization of double-walled carbon nanotubes. Correlated Raman and optical absorption spectroscopy unambiguously confirm that the covalent modification is outer wall-selective. Nearly 50% of the electrical conductivity is retained in thin films of Tube^2 due to the intact inner-tube conducting channels. Lacking such channels, single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene become insulators after similar functionalization. We further demonstrate that this chemically tailored functional structure allows simultaneous attainment of high sensitivity and selectivity in electrical detection of small molecules. These results highlight some of the structural advantages of this double-wall strategy for new materials and electronics.
Effectively Suppressing Dissolution of Manganese from LiMn2O4 Spinel Via a Novel Nanoscale Surface-Doping Approach
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhan Chun , Wu Tianpin , Qiu Xinping , Amine Khalil
Published: February 2020

The capacity fade of LiMn2O4-based cells is directly associated with the dissolution of Mn from the cathode/electrolyte interface due to the disproportion reaction of Mn(III), and the subsequent deposition of Mn2+ onto the anode leading to an increase in impedance of the cell. Suppressing the dissolution of Mn from the cathode is therefore critical to reducing capacity fade of LiMn2O4–based cells. In this work, we report a novel nanoscale surface-doping approach that minimizes Mn dissolution from LiMn2O4. This new approach exploits advantages of both bulk doping and surface coating methods by a) stabilizing the surface crystal structure of LiMn2O4 through cationic doping while maintaining the bulk spinel LiMn2O4 structure, and b) protecting the bulk LiMn2O4 from electrolyte corrosion while maintaining ion and charge transport channels on the surface through the electrochemically active doping layer. As a consequence, the surface-doped LiMn2O4 demonstrates significantly enhanced electrochemical performance in terms of cycleability and capacity at elevated temperature. This study provides encouraging evidence that surface doping could be a promising alternative to improve the cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries.
(Invited) Emerging Oxide Nanowires: Creation Concept and Their Promises for Novel Nanoscale Devices
Authors: Yanagida Takeshi
Published: February 2020

Self-assembled one-dimensional “
Nanowires
” have attracted much attention due to not only the fundamental interests in nanoscale-confided physical properties but also novel nano-device applications, where existing nanomaterials have not been applicable. Nanowires are attracting the interests of researchers from diverse research communities ranged from physics, chemistry, material science, electrical engineering, chemical engineering and others. Group VI and III-V compounds nanowires have demonstrated their great promises for exploring fundamental physical properties at nanoscale and also the feasibility of diverse nano-device applications. Although metal oxides exhibit their rich variety of physical properties including photo catalysts, ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, high-Tc superconducting, memristive switching, which are hardly attainable to other materials, compared with group VI and III-V compounds nanowires, the feasibility of functional oxide nanowires has been strongly limited due to the absence of fabrication method for various transition metal oxide nanowires.

Here we demonstrate i) “Creation Concept” for well-defined oxide nanowires via vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanisms, and ii) the memristive switching phenomena within a single oxide nanowire down to 10 nm scale.We have succeeded to fabricate a well-defined single crystalline metal oxide nanowire by controlling precisely formation environments. When comparing with MD simulations as to VLS growth, the importance of material transport via the metal catalysts has been found. Especially, we have found that the difference between LS interface and VS interface on the critical nucleation size essentially allows us to perform VLS nanowire growth. This knowledge can be expanded to discover novel metal oxide nanowires via VLS mechanisms. Next, we have constructed highly stable RS junctions comprised of Pt/single oxide nanowire /Pt. The nanowire memristor exhibited the endurance up to 108 by utilizing self-assembled nanowires and well-defined nano-gap electrodes. In addition, information as to the memristive switching including the carrier type for memristive switching and the spatial switching location, have been extracted by the present nanowire memristor, which had been buried in conventional memristors. We believe that the presented approaches by utilizing self-assembled oxide nanowire/metal junctions offer an important system and platform for investigating not only nanoscale confined physical properties of transition metal oxides but also exploring exciting novel nano-devices with other electric materials, which had not been possible.