bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRNSYS Modeling of flat plate and vacuum tube solar collector systems for residential use under equatorial middle altitude climate condition
Authors: Doménica Larriva-Arévalo  , Marco A. Torres-Jara  , Edgar A. Barragan-Escandón  , Esteban Zalamea León  , John Calle-Sigüencia
Published: August 2022

In this work, residential solar systems were simulated to predict feeding domestic hot water, using TRNSYS (TraNsient SYstem Simulation software), under the operating conditions in Cuenca, Ecuador. The type of research is quantitative and with a correlational approach. Using data from an experimental test, a technical sheet was prepared that sought to identify the main variables to be applied in the model. The diffuse and direct radiation data were obtained by applying the isotropic diffuse model. When simulating in the software, the results show that the system presents an efficiency of 56.54% when heating water in a range of 30° to 45 °C. For the validation of the model, the chi-squared statistical test was applied, with which it was determined that the simulated data follow the same distribution as the real data.
Continuous sky digitalization using images from an all-sky camera
Authors: Carlos M. Travieso-González  , Yeremi del C. Santana-Suárez  , Alejandro Piñán-Roescher  , Fabián  Déniz  , Jesús B. Alonso-Hernandez  , José M. Canino-Rodríguez  , Fidel Cabrera-Quintero  , Jose F.  Medina-Padrón  , Antonio Ravelo-García
Published: August 2022

The designed networked system captures and stores high and medium resolution sky images every 2 seconds. The IP camera employed is low-cost, omnidirectional, and its images are accessible from any point with Internet connection, both in real time and to a database, thanks to the configuration of a VPN network. The images obtained by the camera can be utilised for a variety of purposes but are of particular interest for those applications where a large volume of separate images is required for the characteristics of the sky, as the system also provides an innovative method of measuring solar energy, which provides an unambiguous view of the cloud state on any given day.
Multilevel inverter with active clamping diodes for energy efficiency improvement
Authors: R. Mecke
Published: August 2022

Multilevel inverterMultilevel inverters can replace commonly used two-level inverters for three-phase electrical drives. In this low voltage range new wide-bandgap power switches (SiC MOSFET, GaN FET) are available. In the four-, five- and seven level inverters, the majority of the power losses are caused by the threshold voltage of the clamping diodes. The new idea is the replacement of the clamping diodes by active switches, since they only have low on-resistance in the forward direction. In this case freewheeling paths of the clamping diodes would have to be actively switched. However, the control signals for the clamping switches can be generated by logic operations from the control signals for the main switches. The use of active clamping switches has significant potential to reduce semiconductor losses, but requires the development of wide-bandgap power semiconductors with reverse blocking capability. At nominal motor operation point of the 5.5 kW induction motor a loss reduction of 56 % between active clamping switches and clamping diodes is possible. With a higher number of inverter levels, the size of the motor filter can be reduced by about 70 % and also the losses can be reduced by 73 %.
Runner optimal position in a gravitational water vortex hydraulic turbine with a spiral inlet channel and a conical basin
Authors: Velásquez García L  , Rubio-Clemente A  , Chica E
Published: August 2022

Gravitational water vortex hydraulic turbineA gravitational water vortex hydraulic turbine (GWVHT) is a low head hydropower technology with a vertical runner for extracting energy from the water vortex. To determine the optimal position (h) of the runner for the hydropower plant efficiency to be increased, a runner in three different positions was compared using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The position of the runner was a function of the basin height (H). The maximum efficiency (44.15%) was established when the runner was located at 60% of H. The angular velocity associated with the maximum efficiency was 14 rad/s.
A novel Design Approach of a Micro Thermoelectric Generator for High Power Density for Ambient Heat Energy Scavenging Applications.
Authors: Donart Nayebare  , Ahmed M.R Fath El-Bab  , Tamer F. Megahed  , Asano Tanemasa  , Sobhy M.  Abdelkader
Published: August 2022

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have become an excellent candidate for autonomously powering wearable and implantable microelectronics, and wireless sensor networks in the Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This paper presents a double layer double-circuit planar TEG with high power output. The impact of the different geometric terms on the device performance is investigated by the use of an electrical model. By studying the impact of the width of the TE films, the number of pairs is optimized to give the optimal power output. The impact of increasing the number of pairs on the output variables of the TEG is also studied. The maximum power of 0.522µW was obtained from 32 pairs at a metal width of 3.82mm with a temperature difference of 17K. Further improvement in the output power up to mW can be obtained by optimizing the temperature difference and operating in a temperature range of about 450K, such as in industrial heat recovery applications.
Comparison of Bang Bang and PMW switching techniques for DC/AC photovoltaic converter
Authors: A. MARTINEZ  , Y. KRIM  , D. ABBES  , B. EKER
Published: August 2022

The general objective of this paper is to demonstrate that simple control strategy can be implemented in photovoltaic (PV) systems. A complete PV installation is embedded under MATLAB/Simulink environment to simulate and compare two control methods. The first one is based on bang bang control (Hysteresis) and the second one is the pulse width modulation method. We are focussing in applying these simple control strategies in the case of PV system operating in a standalone mode supplying an AC load. The integration with the load is made by a “H bridge”. Specific goals are mastering and realising the complete model of the PV installation and its control algorithm (PV array, AC-DC converter, maximum power point tracking ...). Control strategies have been developed and simulated to visualise the functionality and convenience of the different control schemes of the PV system. Simulation results allow the comparison of the different control techniques with a particular attention for two criteria: the total efficiency as well as the harmonic distortion rate. Results shows that simple bang bang algorithm gives better results in terms of efficiency and harmonic distortion rate.
Longitudinal supports shape influence on deflection and stresses in solar receiver tubes
Authors: A. Montoya  , J. López-Puente  , D. Santana
Published: August 2022

Longitudinal supports have a key role in solar central receivers, preventing tubes from excessive deflection. In this work, its influence on tube deflection and thermo-mechanical stresses has been studied. In exiting literature, the longitudinal supports are not modelled when the behaviour of solar receiver tubes is studied. In this research, they have been considered developing numerical models using a finite element analysis software. To carry out the analysis, a new geometry of the metal sheet attached to the receiver tubes has been proposed. With this new shape, different cases have been studied, varying the separation between supports and their size to study its impact on stress and deflection in the tubes. Results have shown that extremely rigid supports may induce additional stress in the receiver tube. With the geometry considered in this research, supports do not cause additional mechanical stress in tubes. Small supports are preferred to bigger ones due to the stresses arisen in the own support.
Real-Time Implementation of qZSC for MVDC to Microgrids Link
Authors: G. de J. Martínez-Figueroa  , S. Bogarra  , F. Córcoles  , L. Sainz  , L. Fernández  , R. Sarrias
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, power systems require new solutions to integrate renewable energies. In this paper, microgrids linked to MVDC are proposed through quasi-impedance-source converters to improve system reliability. Several prototypes are implemented using real-time platforms to analyze the system behavior, but the real-time implementation of the shoot-through state of the qZSC requires a very low time-step and sample time, which is not easy to achieve. The results obtained with these prototypes are included. Finally, a satisfactory solution is presented, implementing the power system in Typhoon HIL-402, the qZSC control in dSPACE MicroLabBox, and generating the gate signals in the FPGA included in the MicroLabBox platform.
Selection and Evaluation of Indicators for a Building Energy Labeling System for Colombia
Authors: J. Cárdenas  , J. Jaramillo  , G. Osma
Published: August 2022

Buildings are a key player in the fight against climate change. For this reason, the governments of the world advance in the establishment of regulations and tools that promote energy effi ciency in buildings. Colombia presents a legal and regulatory framework that favors the sustainable construction market. How ever, the country still lacks tools to stimulate supply and demand for buildings with greater energy efficiency. Taking into account the above, this article seeks to select and evaluate the relevance of a group of indicators for a Building Energy Labeling System for Colombia. A literature review and an energy characterization exercise based on energy simulations allowed the identification of three indicators: energy for comfort, energy for equipment, and energy for lighting. The results of the energy characterization validated the relevance of the indicators. In the short term, the authors propose to carry out a more detailed analysis of the indi cators to establish the necessary considerations for their estima tion.
Harvesting air energy from extractors with a small horizontal axis wind turbine
Authors: E. Romantchik  , A. Santos  , D. Terrazas  , M. Berrocal
Published: August 2022

In greenhouses and other agricultural facilities, air extractors are used for air renewal and control of environmental conditions. The electrical energy delivered to the extractor is converted into the energy of the exhaust air and is lost in the atmosphere. The objective of this work was to test a small horizontal axis wind turbine (SHWT) installed in front of an axial extractor and to present the energy balance of the extractor-wind turbine assembly. This was done for four different treatments: extractor alone, extractor with cone, extractor with a wind turbine, and extractor with cone and a wind turbine. A statistical analysis was performed, obtaining means and standard deviations. The energy balance analysis showed that with the designed device, built including a cone and a SHWT and installed at the outlet of the extractor, it is possible to harvest up to 50% of the wind energy that leaves the extractor and is lost in the atmosphere.
Core losses analysis of the LCL filter inductor for SiC-based inverter
Authors: S. Martín-Arroyo  , D. Cañete  , J. Herrero Ciudad  , M. García-Gracia
Published: August 2022

The ability of SiC devices to switch at high speed allows increasing significantly the power density in both converters and passive components, reducing their required size. To mitigate harmonic injection form inverters into the grid, in order to comply with power quality standards, an accurate filter design is required. Given its excellent performance, an LCL filter is the configuration most suitable in grid-connected power converters. Several parameters must be considered when designing an effective LCL filter, and the inverter-side inductor assumes a special importance because of its relevance to suppress high frequency harmonic content at the inverter side. One of the most relevant issues to be considered in the process of designing the LCL filter is the evaluation of core losses in the inverter-side inductor, which will determine the final temperature of the inductor. This paper analyses the core losses of the inverter-side inductor of an LCL filter. The proposed method is based on the computation of the current harmonics generated by the inverter and on Steinmetz’s empirical equation. As a result, core losses calculated taking into account several carrier and sideband harmonics show good agreement with the experimental values. When current harmonics are estimated by simulation, as it is done in the proposed design procedure, results are less accurate, but precise enough for a design procedure.
Landfill Gas Generation and Utilisation (Case study: Chasinato Landfill. Ambato, Ecuador)
Authors: S. Cabrera  , A. Guevara
Published: August 2022

The landfill is a final disposal technique to confine solid waste, it has big potency as renewable energy source since it generates biogas from organic waste degradation process which can be used for cogeneration plants. The purposes are to quantify the gas production potential of landfilled refuse and to suggest alternatives to use energy from Landfill gas generated. In 2020, the volume of solid waste disposed to Chasinato Landfill reached 250.61 tons per day, with 41.03% of organic waste. Landfill gas (LFG) generated was evaluated using LandGEM and Ecuador LFG model, which was modified applying methane rates obtained with on site experimental measures. It was projected to obtain 365.40 cubic meters per hour in 2021, and 522.33 cubic meters per hour in 2029. The available power from recovered LFG reach: 820 kW in 2021 and 1,180 kW in 2029. Finally, the biogas generated reduces the impact related to global warming and would contribute cogeneration in low scale with electric energy and useful heat.
Local reactive power management using solar pumping in isolated electrical systems
Authors: B. González-Díaz  , D. Rodríguez-Urrego  , J. F. Gómez-González  , O. García-Afonso  , R. Guerrero Lemus  , J. A. Méndez-Pérez
Published: August 2022

In this work, a new analysis of the solar pumping as a source to provide secondary regulation and local reactive management strategies into low-voltage grid, is addressed. Based on real generation data and the capabilities of a commercial solar inverter, the control and management of the different work modes of the power electronics is proposed to analyse the viability of the use of solar pumping systems to be active agents in the flexibility market. Finally, some regulatory issues are presented to evaluate the feasibility of this proposal.
Design and economic analysis of a solar poultry incubator for rural sectors located in Pucallpa-Peru
Authors: B.Sc. Jorge Retamozo  , Freddy J. Rojas
Published: August 2022

In this study, an incubator with a capacity of up to 96 backyard poultry eggs was designed mechanically and energetically, using a photovoltaic panel as a source of energy. For this purpose, a thermodynamic study, heat transfer and mechanical design of the incubation process was carried out, considering the temperature (37.5°C), relative humidity (60%), 90° rotation of the eggs in an interval between 90 and 120 minutes, ventilation that occurs in the last 3 days of the incubation process, energy and the environmental conditions of Pucallpa-Perú. The results obtained lead to the sizing of the components of the incubator and the photovoltaic panel, being this renewable energy the novelty of the study for a sustainable use of the inhabitant and the region. It is concluded that local radiation can be used as a power source for an incubator with a capacity of up to 96 eggs, by using this type of energy, the incubator together with the solar kit will become profitable compared to the use of electricity.
Requirements for New Grid Codes: A Review in Spain and Portugal
Authors: R. Villena-Ruiz  , B. Silva  , A. Honrubia-Escribano  , E. Gómez-Lázaro
Published: August 2022

To continue to make successful progress towards the achievement of netzero emissions by 2050, a significant number of new facilities based on renewable technologies must continueto be deployed at large scale.However, the integration of large capacities of renewable generation sources into power systems leads to a series of challenges that must be urgently addressed. On the one hand, the intermittent character of renewable resources may lead to imbalances between generation and demand curves, andon the other hand, transmission anddistribution system operators will have to carefully consider the impactof reduced power system inertiadue to the increase in the number of renewablepower plants. Under this framework, stricter technical requirements will bedemanded to new power plants that willbe integrated into the gridto guarantee quality of electricity supply.These requirements are included within increasingly modern and up-to-date network connection -or grid-codes. Thus, gridcodes have a significant role to play in the years to come towards the transition of a more sustainable future, and thereforethis paper presentsan overview of twogridcodesfor connecting new generation units across Europe,focusing onthe current situation of Iberia. Aspecial emphasisis given on the detailingof certain grid coderequirementsbased ona comparison between the Portuguese andthe Spanish gridcodes,together with few highlights on theoperationalprocedures forconnecting new generation unitson both regions.
Massive Parallel Current Power Amplifier Concept for Power Hardware in the Loop Applications
Authors: E. García-Martínez  , J.F. Sanz-Osorio  , J. Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba  , J.M. Perié
Published: August 2022

The development of the smartgrid increases the complexity of the current electric grid. To verify and validate the operation of the systems involved in it, Power Hardware-In-the- Loop (PHIL) technique allows to test the complete system in an exhaustive way. But the reduced bandwidth of the overall test system can cause inaccuracies and instabilities, which can be harmful for the Hardware Under Test (HUT) or the people who are performing the test. To increase PHIL performance and tackle these problems, this paper proposes a new concept of high bandwidth current amplifier. It is based on a topology of massive parallel interleaved buck-boost converter, which distribute in an equal manner the total current in all the branches. This current reduction allows to use transistors with better switching behaviour, which increase the bandwidth of the converter. Furthermore, a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) is used, obtaining the nominal output current in only one switching cycle. Description of the concept and the design parameters are provided. Finally, the behaviour of the proposed Power Amplifier (PA) at high frequency setpoint currents is shown in a Matlab/Simulink simulation.
Impacts of Distributed Generation on Power System Protection
Authors: M. Almamari  , M. Albadi
Published: August 2022

Distributed generation (DG) offershuge benefits to the power system network to cater tothe rapidly growing demand for electric power. The integration of DG units intoexisting power networks is beneficial to both utilities and consumers. However, the installation of DG units in distribution networks might impose some operational, technical,and economic impacts. Increased short-circuitlevel and changes in load flow direction are examples of the technical issues arising from the high penetration of DG. Such issues will affect the existing protection system, mainly overcurrent relays. Thus, to ensure reliable and selective operation of protection relays, the impacts of DG should be considered. Thispaper discusses the impacts of DG on the protection systems byidentifying various protection problems.The paperis complemented by a simulation case study on the impactsof DG on fault levels, protection coordination, and distance relays.The simulatedsystem was modeledusingDIgSILENT PowerFactory®software.
Main Bearing Fault Prognosis in Wind Turbines based on Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Networks
Authors: A. Encalada-D´ avila  , C. Tutiv´ en  , Luis Moy´ on  , B. Puruncajas  , Y. Vidal
Published: August 2022

The transition from onshore to offshore wind farms isan imminent fact in the future. It supposes to face hard challengeslike difficulties to carry out offshore maintenance operations dueto increased downtime (because of several causes like continuouslybad environmental conditions) on wind farms. That is why, thereis a need to improve maintenance and monitoring practices likethose involved in condition-based area. This work proposes amethodology based on three key points: (i) a semi-supervised modelbuilt from a gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network and byusing only healthy real SCADA data, (ii) propose a fault prognosisindicator (FPI) to trigger warnings or fault alarms as such, and (iii)detect the main bearing fault several months in advance on a faultywind turbine. The reported results show the excellent performanceof the GRU trained model to predict the main bearing temperatureas output by exploiting the capabilities of GRUs (recurrent-basedneural networks) to decide what information to forget or preservethrough time. In the FPI construction, the use of exponentiallyweighted moving average (EWMA) helps at the results to avoid thepresence of false alarms that is very useful in any detection strategy.Finally, the stated methodology lets to detect the main bearing faulton a WT two months in advance at least, which contributes toplan maintenance actions ahead of time. Furthermore, in this way,the lifespan of this large component may be extended and windturbine’s uptime may increase in a significant percentage.
Evaluation of the impact of experimental fusion-aimed installations on their area of influence: the price of sustainable energy
Authors: Zaida Troya  , Rafael Esteban López  , C. Gebran  , Antonio Peña-García
Published: August 2022

The need of clean, stable, safe and free of uncertainty energy sources has been increased after the current geopolitical tension. In this framework, nuclear energy is receiving renewed attention which finally led the European Commission to consider it as Green Energy. In spite of the expected "golden age" of nuclear energy, the fission still has some problems that must be solved. For this reason, the research on nuclear fusion is now and more than ever a real must. The path towards the control of fusion is plenty of technical difficulties, mainly related to the extreme temperatures and pressures needed and also to the neutronic radiation. The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility – Demo Oriented NEutron Source (IFMIF-DONES) is an experimental facility whose target s the testing of materials with fusion-like neutrons in order to evaluate the damages and decide which material is the most convenient to build the future reactors. The impact of IFMIF-DONES on the people living in the area where it is going to be located (Escúzar, Province of Granada, Spain) has been evaluated through a survey among its inhabitants. The results are presented and discussed in this work.
Estimating rooftop photovoltaics placement on administrative building using Building Information Modelling
Authors: Stojan Spasevski  , Vlatko Stoilkov
Published: August 2022

The implementation of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures for administrative buildings, contribute for reduction of costs for electricity and other fuels. For estimating the optimal rooftop photovoltaic placement on administrative building, a placement analysis is needed. This analysis enables designer to define the optimal placement of the PV modules on the roof using Building Information Modelling (BIM). BIM is based on digital technologies developed with the special purpose for creating a digital model of a building that contains all its physical and functional characteristics and enables easier development of PV system integrated in building. The selected administrative building has a very irregular roof divided on 14 separated rooftops with different orientation and slope. To obtain efficient PV system, the rooftop photovoltaics placement analysis is realised in three different scenarios when all 14 different rooftops are covered by PV modules, 10 rooftops facing north or the ones between other rooftops where shading is imminent, are exempt and 5 rooftops have longer exposure to sun light, or more than 1000 hours per year. The PV system, designed on 5 selected rooftops contains 335 PV modules with a total power of 135 kW and estimated annual production of electricity of 144 074.26 kWh.
Turbogenerator Electromagnetic Analysis with Changing Reactive Load
Authors: M. Roytgarts  , A. Smirnov
Published: August 2022

Comparative numerical analysis of electromagnetic processes in the end zone of powerful turbogenerators has been carried out at changes in reactive load from rated duty to underexcitation, as well as performance parameters of static overload that determine the stability of synchronous operation of turbogenerators in the power system.
It was demonstrated that the representation of magnetic field sources and calculation results in the form of rotating waves allows simplifying and speeding up the solution of three-dimensional electromagnetic problems in the turbogenerator end zone.
Using a previously developed calculation method, the electromagnetic fields and processes in over- and underexcitation modes, in particular, peculiarities of shielding in turbogenerators are studied.
It was established that the added losses and electrodynamic forces in underexcitation modes acting on the outermost core packages, pressure plate, and stator shield increased by 1.5–3.0 times, resulting in accelerated aging of the turbogenerator end zone. An appropriate margin shall be provided in the cooling system and the structural design of the turbogenerator end zone.
Static overload capacity in nominal conditions is determined by the ratio of maximum power to rated power. An analytical functional relationship between static overload capacity and load conditions was established.
It was demonstrated that when switching to the underexcitation mode while maintaining the active load due to a decrease in the excitation current and maximum power, the static overload factor decreases to unity, that there is virtually no static stability margin of the turbogenerator in this mode.
Calculations were made for turbogenerators with a capacity of 200–1111 MVA.
It is recommended to limit the operation of turbogenerators in underexcitation modes and to use specialized compensators more extensively.
Solar energy potential calculation methods
Authors: Péter Kádár
Published: August 2022

Several European municipalities developed an information map called solar cadaster that provide qualitative information for the citizens about the possible locations and amount of the small scale household solar PV system installations. The objective of these cadasters is the promotion and fostering of the distribution of the PV systems.
Most of the cadasters are based on remote sensing roof measurements and irradiation information but provide only indicative data. Our solution is based on ten implementation type categories such as individual small houses, housing estates, solar carports, public institutions, etc.
We looked for which segment of the solutions can raise the penetration with greater efficiency. We found that in Budapest there are eight large 10 storeys block-type housing estates with 100 thousand flats. Here 20-40 kWp can be installed for each staircase that is about 300-600 MWp for 1500 staircase. The total additive PV potential in Budapest is 1500 MW.
Backend as a Service Cloud Computing Integrated with Cross-platform Mobile Development Framework to Create an E-learning application that works in Mobile and Web with a single codebase
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Cihan University-Erbil Kurdistan Region - Iraq, mohammed ahmed Osama
Published: August 2022

Many platforms are emerging recently and businesses need to work with all of them, therefore, creating applications that work on multiplatform like Android, IOS, Windows …etc. is necessary these days.Building a separate native application for each platform as well as working separately with both Frontend and Backend is costly in several respects, including time, effort and cost.using Cross-platform tools and frameworks is the best solution to the problem of multiple platforms and the need to deal with all of them. This paper discusses the most famous, modern, and widely used Cross-platform tools to introduce the best way to build an E-learning application that works natively in multiplatform using only one programming language, and even it doesn’t require work with the Backend side. Finally, we have created a sample E-learning application using Flutter with Firebase as a Backend. Due to the Corona pandemic, e-learning has become a mandatory requirement as a primary or secondary method of education, this application work on all platforms (Mobile and Desktop), and we tested it on Android and Web Browsers.
Modeling of an Airport Traffic Control (ATC) Radars Using Mathcad
Authors:   Department of Informatics and Software Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil Kurdistan Region – Iraq, Amanuel QasMarrogy Ghassan , Jawad Ahmad Husham ,   Department of Informatics and Software Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil Kurdistan Region – Iraq
Published: August 2022

Air traffic control systems condensed ATC, are faculty liable for the protected, methodical, and quick progression of air traffic in the worldwide aviation authority framework. Typically positioned in airport regulation focuses and control towers on the ground, they screen the position, speed, and elevation of an airplane in their doled-out airspace outwardly and by radar, and give headings to the pilots by radio. The place of air traffic regulator requires profoundly specific information, abilities, and capacities. Therefore, it's very important to draw and analyze the model for that system. In this paper an Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar mathematical model is built using Mathcad software. The model has the capability of taking into account various radar parameters and converting them into Mathcad codes. Calculations throughout the model are based on basic theoretical equations as well as empirical engineering formulas which give acceptable error tolerances. Results are displayed graphically, particularly the maximum radar range for various essential radar parameters such as the probability of detection, probability of false alarm, and several integrated pulses.
Vehicle Tracking System by Using GPS, GSM, and Arduino Technology
Authors:   Department of Informatics and Software Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil Kurdistan Region – Iraq, Zeki Mahmood Firas
Published: August 2022

The fleet system uses a very well-established technology called the vehicle tracking system, the fleet system is the owner of the automobile and vehicle movement of goods around the globe, this technology is very reliable and safe. There’s a proposition of a real-time tracking system in this paper and it’s going to create a system that can be used for positioning and tracking of any vehicle by using Global System for Mobile communication and Satellite navigation system (Global positioning system). This system is designed as an application and will continuously indicate the status of the vehicle by monitoring its movement on demand. The device used for tracking to know the vehicle’s location in real-time is made up of the SIM900A module, Arduino Uno R3, and NEO 6M GPS module. For accomplishing this the Arduino Uno R3 has to be serially interfaced with the GPS and GSM modules. For reporting the location of the vehicle continuously from a remote place the GSM module is used, while the other GPS module is continuously updating the Arduino of data such as latitude, speed, longitude, and distance traveled by using the satellite. For viewing the position of the vehicle on the map Google Map is used. By using the application the user can send a message of a number that is registered on the GSM that’s attached to the Arduino, by doing this. The user will be able to receive information like longitude, google map lining of the vehicle, and latitude by a text message. This proposal contains vehicle security, salesman tracking, and private drivers.
االارجحية للسيادة الوطنية ام للسيادة الدولية في النظرية والتطبيق
Authors:   جامعة جيهان- كلية القانون والعلاقات الدولية- قسم القانون، كردستان، العراق, ahmed abed Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

حدثت تطورات كثيرة منذ اقرار ميثاق الامم المتحدة حتى الآن وما زالت مستمرة ، وقد انعكست هذه التطورات على مبادىء القانون الدولي وبالاخص منها مبدأ السيادة ، فقد توسع السلطان الدولي على حساب السلطان الوطني الذي كان يعتبر جدارا واقيا للمصالح الوطنية ، فلم تعد القواعد الدولية مستندة في شرعيتها على قبولها من الدول كما تعارف عليه تقليديا ، فقد ظهرت القواعد الآمرة التي تشمل طائفة جوهرية من القواعد الدولية ملزمة لجميع الدول بما فيها التي لم توافق عليها ، وتحولت الكثير من الحقوق الوطنية الى حقوق دولية تحظى باهتمام كل المجتمع الدولي ، وتبلورت قضايا ذات طبيعة عالمية لتفرض وتتقدم على المصالح الخاصة للدول ، ثم اصبحت المنظمات الدولية ذات استقلالية واختصاصات لا ترتبط بالدول التي انشأتها وتفرض على الدول قراراتها الملزمة ، واخيرا فقد احتلت قضايا حقوق الانسان موقعا يتيح للمجتمع الدولي ان يتابع ويحاسب الدول على انتهاكاتها لهذه الحقوق بوصفها شانا دوليا وليس وطنيا ، حتى اصبح التدخل الدولي بذرائع حماية حقوق الانسان ومكافحة الجرائم الدولية والارهاب وحماية البيئة والتراث المشترك للبشرية سمة بارزة من سمات القانون الدولي مما ادى الى انحسار مبدأ السيادة الى حدود ضيقة وبدون توقف .
أثر القواعد العسكرية الأجنبية على مبدأ السيادة
Authors:   جامعة جيهان- كلية القانون والعلاقات الدولية- قسم القانون، كردستان، العراق, I. Abu-Alqasim Layla
Published: August 2022

نشأت القواعد العسكرية الأجنبية في ظل الحقبة الاستعمارية القديمة بوصفها تمثل إحدى أدوات الاستعمار في السيطرة على البلاد المستعمرة وأحتلالها. كما أنها الوجه العسكري للدول في مكافحة الارهاب، في وقتنا الراهن، وقد يعتمد وجودها على الاساس القانوني كالاتفاق الثنائي (الاتفاقية الامنية المشتركة)، أو الاتفاق الجماعي من خلال التحالفات العسكرية. إلا أن نشاطات القواعد العسكرية بدأت تتجاوز مهامها التقليدية. وتؤثر سلبا في مجالات رئيسية في القانون الدولي، وقد تبدى هذا التأثير من خلال تحول بعض القواعد العسكرية في ظل الحرب على الأرهاب إلى محطات شهدت العديد من التجاوزات القانونية اثناء قيامها بالمهام الجديدة، كالقيام بنشاطات تتعارض مع السيادة الوطنية، والتدخل في الشؤون الداخلية للدولة، وانتهاك حقوق الإنسان. وهذه الانتهاكات لها أثرها على مبدأ السيادة في القانون الدولي العام.
Cybercrime in international law
Authors:   Department of Law, Cihan University - Erbil, Iraq, ahmed abed Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

Because of the seriousness has been focused on the response of states and international organizations concluded on the international conventions and the regulations and instructions necessary to prevent them and hit them and hold those responsible accountable, the most important convention in Europe ( Budapest ) and the system of data protection, who issued it and the Arab convention for the protection of the data and the convention of the African to protect the data and finally the efforts of the United Nations set up the convention on the design of inclusive of all countries of the world . The research aims to answer the following questions.
Digitalizar es volver los archivos accesibles: el archivo del Museo Histórico Sarmiento
Authors: Ludueña Constanza Soledad
Published: August 2022

Reseña sobre el archivo del Museo Histórico Sarmiento.
herramienta Recogito aplicada a la distribución geográfica de los bienes territoriales de una reina medieval
Authors: Cerda Costabal José Manuel
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo plantea los aspectos positivos y propuestas de mejora para la herramienta Recogito tras su aplicación para el análisis georeferencial de un documento medieval. Se trata de la carta de arras que en 1170 recibió la reina Leonor Plantagenet y que contiene una lista de beneficios y locaciones que la consorte castellana percibe por derechos matrimoniales. Mas alla de las limitaciones y problemas de la herramienta, la visualización geográfica permite ratificar con lectura distante algunas conclusiones ya formuladas a partir de lectura cercana.
Voyant Tools en el análisis de letras de canciones
Authors: Goldsmidt Julieta Yasmín
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo desarrolla los diferentes usos posibles de la herramienta Voyant Tools para el análisis de letras de canciones. Tal experiencia consistió en la comparación de términos que se encontraban en letras de canciones de tango y rock de Argentina, revelando potenciales y limitaciones de esta aplicación web.
Reseña de Brieven als Buit (Cartas como botín), una aproximación abierta a la cultura de la escritura “desde abajo”
Authors: Salas Sadler Benjamín
Published: August 2022

Reseña de Brieven als Buit (Cartas como botín), una aproximación abierta a la cultura de la escritura “desde abajo”
STUDY OF LITERARY ELEMENTARY KNOWLEDGE IN PRIMARY GRADES
Authors: MNATSAKANYAN EVA
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the need to analyze literary elements of children literature in teaching of native language in elementary classes: the level of perception and application of junior schoolchildren’s elementary literary knowledge in native language teaching process is studied and presented.

Teaching of literary elements in elementary school is mostly practical. When teaching any literary or folklore work, a lot of work and effort is required: a teacher must pay attention to basic literary knowledge based on standards defined by elementary school curriculum.

The comprehensive study and practical perception of elementary literary knowledge and its assimilation help schoolchildren understand the thematic-ideological basis of works, due to which educational, teaching and cognitive significance of a literary work increases. Literary knowledge effects on child's thinking, worldview, communicative skills, evaluation of phenomena. Literary characters’ actions, relationships, feelings, speech influence on pupils relating to their self-recognition, self-expression. During individual and group activities, friendly relationships are formed among classmates, which impacts on a person’s development and formation of values. The direct way to achieve goal is to use targeted and effective methods.
School board ‘visibility’ during the COVID-19 pandemic: Education management musings from a tripartite case study of schools in Central Uganda
Authors: Genza Gyaviira Musoke
Published: August 2022

School level education management requires the active involvement of both school administration and the board of governors. Without board’s supervisory eye, school administration may end up with many lapses to the detriment of education quality. How, then, did school boards execute their oversight mandate during the difficult times of COVID-19? Using a tripartite case study design, I examined school board ‘visibility’ in school management during COVID-19 with focus on ensuing education management lessons. I discovered that during the pandemic the visibility of different school boards varied from ‘considerable’ to ‘no visibility’ depending on certain interesting factors. I concluded that there is no single uniform descriptor of board’s visibility during an emergency such as COVID-19. Secondly, there are both materialistic and altruistic antecedents of board’s visibility level. The study serves as a correction to the stakeholder model’s excessive faith in board members’ disinterested commitment to service of the common good. It also recasts the question of board membership in view of better school management.
Influence of coliform bacteria infection on intestinal goblet cells secretory activity of germ-free piglets
Authors: Stefan Toth , Monika Holodova , Deema Zeidan , Patrick Hartel , Zuzana Fagova , Kristina Curgali , Eva Mechirova , Milan Maretta , Radomira Nemcova , Sona Gancarčikova , Stefan Polak , Marianna Dankova
Published: August 2022

Recently, influence of bacteria colonization on development and maturation of gut wall is getting more into the focus of gastrointestinal research. For years, the main interest and research were aimed to the development and maturation of gut wall and its functional properties in normal conditions, less attention has been paid on the germ-free animals. Germ-free (GF) piglets have clear microbiological background and are reared in sterile environment. GF piglets are regarded as clinically relevant models for studying of human diseases, as these piglets’ manifest similar clinical symptoms to humans. In this study we briefly summarised the main characteristics in the distribution of goblet cells in the wall of jejunum and colon of GF piglets as healthy control (HC) group and piglets, which were experimentally infected by E. coli O149:K88 as ECK group. Neutral mucins were stained with periodic acid-Shiff (PAS) whereas acidic mucins are stained with Alcian blue. Numbers of goblet cells containing total acidic mucins in both, the jejunum and colon, differed significantly between HC and ECK piglets and in the colon, a similar trend was also observed. In the ECK piglets, jejunal goblet cells exhibited decrease in neutral mucins. This change in mucin profile in response to bacterial colonization suggests a potential role as a protective mechanism against pathogenic invasion of the intestinal mucosa during of gut mucosa development in piglets.
Simultaneous detection of purine metabolites by membrane modified electrochemical sensors
Authors: Blaškovičová Jana , Purdešová Andrea
Published: August 2022

Purine metabolites are important for metabolic and cellular processes. Deregulation of purinergic signaling leads to pathological accumulation of purine degradation products in extracellular fluids and indicates various diseases. In clinical diagnosis at early stages of related diseases, accurate detection of Uric acid and Xanthine is of high importance. Electrochemical methods are fast, simple, sensitive, more convenient, and cost-effective compared to other analytical methods used in purine metabolites signaling. Electrochemical sensors are able to detect more compounds simultaneously. Modification of a glassy carbon electrode sensor with external protective membranes was used in this study to avoid unwanted signal interferences from analyte matrices. Polyvinyl alcohol, Chitosan, and Nafion membranes were selected for sensor modification to compare the electro-neutral, positive and negative charged setting of the Xanthine and Uric acid detection. All three membrane modified sensors showed adequate stability in the phosphate buffer solution after 5 min of incubation and are thus suitable for simultaneous detection of purine metabolites. The best results in anodic peak current response values were observed using the Nafion membrane modified glassy carbon electrode sensor. The approach reported here can be useful for the detection of purine metabolites from various matrices at early stages of clinical diagnosis.
A Methodology and Information System for Computing and Optimization of Impellers and Vanned Diffusers Geometry Parameters
Authors: Ben Nengjun , Ryzhkov Sergiy , Topalov Andriy , Gerasin Oleksandr , Yan Xiaolin , Karpechenko Anton , Povorozniuk Oleksii
Published: August 2022

The study aims to develop an information-computing complex for computer design of a centrifugal compressor with parallel calculation of stages and optimization of the geometric parameters of the impellers and the diffusers. The paper presents a universal methodology and computerized information system of the main geometry parameter determination and optimization of the centrifugal compressor impellers and vanned diffusers. Optimization of cross-sectional areas of the input and output channels of the impeller and diffuser blade channels is held using a gradient descent method by gas flowrate quadratic integral deviation criteria. The information-computing complex is built on the algorithm proposed by the authors and implemented as a computer program with a human-machine interface. Calculation data are written in the form of numerical arrays with the possibility of interpolating data and obtaining graphical dependencies.
The Complexity of Virtual Reality Technology in the Simulation and Modeling of Civil Mathematical Models
Authors: Bai Qunxing , Salama Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Because civil engineering structures include stressed structural members and unstressed non-structural members, it isn’t easy to obtain the true parameters of the model when modeling. The article uses a virtual reality fuzzy random modeling to establish a steel bearing force model in civil engineering operations. We determined the relevant bearing capacity parameters based on the corrosion of steel bars in civil engineering. The research found that the numerical simulation method determined in this paper has grasped the essence of stress rate, concrete material properties, and dynamic load effect to a considerable extent.
Elaboration and Characterization of the Mechanical Properties and Moisture Buffer Value of a Composite Based on Lime and Date Palm Petiole Fibre
Authors: Gharbi Abderrezak , Zeddouri Aziez , Gherfi Abdelhafid , Bouchemaa Kamal
Published: August 2022

This study concerns a new ecological material, bio-sourced and with reduced environmental impact. The material in question is a composite made from date palm fibers and lime. For the development of this material, we were inspired by the techniques used for the manufacture of hemp concrete. The latter is widely used especially in France for the thermal insulation of buildings. The idea is to design an insulation material from the natural resources of the southern Algerian region. The material made is a lightweight concrete that could provide both thermal and acoustic insulation. By its porous morphology, it also has the ability to absorb water vapor when it is in an environment with high relative humidity and to release the vapor if the environment is dry. It could therefore play the role of a water regulator. Experimental investigations revealed interesting mechanical and hydrous properties. Measurements of the moisture buffer value (MBV) reveal that according to the current standard, the material is classified between good and excellent. As regards the mechanical strength, the material produced has an acceptable compressive strength.
Digital Workplace Transformation: Innovative Approach After Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mićić Ljubiša , Mastilo Zoran
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 had undoubtedly speeded up adoption of digital technologies. Most of the theoreticians agree that changes that happened in the pandemic period would not happen in the next several years or even decades. There is almost no business operation that has not been affected by the pandemic, from customer relation and sales to supply chain. It influenced different business sectors leaving permanent change and making a significant proportion of organizations working in at least hybrid mode: combining digital and traditional pre-pandemic ways of working. COVID-19 had significantly changed the workplace and way of working. Workplace has shifted to digital or at least hybrid and employees and companies have adopted new ways of working, including usage of digital technologies but also accepting more agile and flexible procedures and rules. The research community has followed this phenomenon and tried to provide best possible recommendation to it accordance to recognized research methods. The paper provides a systematic literature review of the most significant scientific and industry publication in the years after the pandemic start. It is based on Kitchenham methodology of the systematic review with selected publication from recognized bibliographic databases. First part provides general effects of the pandemic to digital transformation of businesses all over the globe, mostly connected to analysis of the employees’ workplace preference. The second part is focused on digital workplace transformation and presents key theoretical and professional findings in the post-pandemic workplace. This part is consisted of the preview of benefits of the digital workplace transformation, identification of critical success factors and the most significant challenges of the process.