bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of antipsychotic treatment on hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers in healthy volunteers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Burghardt Kyle Jon , Mando Wasym , Seyoum Berhane , Yi Zhengping , Burghardt Paul Ryen
Published: May 2022

Antipsychotic medications demonstrate a variable range of efficacy and side effects in patients with mental illness. Research has attempted to identify biomarkers associated with antipsychotic effects in various populations. Research designs utilizing healthy volunteers may have the added benefit of measuring the effect of antipsychotics on a given biomarker (s) independent of the varied environmental and clinical factors that often accompany patient populations. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to synthesize the current evidence of hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarker studies of antipsychotic treatment in study designs using healthy volunteers. The systematic review was performed according to established guidelines and a random effects meta‐analysis of biomarkers appearing in at least three studies was performed while biomarkers in two or less studies were qualitatively summarized. A total of 28 studies including 28 biomarkers were identified. Meta‐analyses were carried out for 14 biomarkers, showing significant effects within six biomarkers (cortisol, C‐peptide, free fatty acids, leptin, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, and prolactin). Many of these effects were associated with olanzapine, the most used antipsychotic amongst the trials, observed on sub‐analyses. When combining biomarkers into categories, some additional effects were observed, for example, when grouping inflammatory biomarkers. These findings suggest that antipsychotics exert potentially strong effects on several biomarkers of interest independent of psychiatric disease which could be used to spur future investigations, however, replication work is needed for many biomarkers included in this review.
Effect of crosslinker on the wettability and mechanical properties of hydrophobic coatings deposited via atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Rendon‐Piedrahita Camilo , Baba Kamal , Quintana Robert , Bardon Julien , Borek‐Donten Joanna , Heyberger Régis , Choquet Patrick
Published: May 2022

Hydrophobic coatings based on dodecyl acrylate (DOCA) and perfluorodecyl acrylate (PFDA) have been generated via “postdischarge” atmospheric pressure plasma deposition. These coatings exhibit a water contact angle (WCA) of around 125° but are accompanied by poor mechanical strength. To improve this property, two different types of chemical crosslinkers, that is, hexanediol methacrylate (HDMA) and hexanediol diacrylate (HDA), are incorporated into the precursor mixture. After plasma polymerization, both coatings with crosslinkers admixture show different wettability behavior. The addition of HDMA reduces the WCA while increasing the mechanical strength, while the addition of HDA retains the initial WCA magnitude while also increasing the mechanical strength. These changes are related to variations of the surface free energy (SFE) and topography of the plasma coatings.
Ultrastructural analysis of beetle larva cuticles during infection with the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Baek Sehyeon , Noh Mi Young , Mun Seulgi , Lee Se Jin , Arakane Yasuyuki , Kim Jae Su
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Beauveria bassiana is one of the commercially available entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), and a number of isolates with high virulence and broad host spectrum have been used to control agricultural and forest pests. Although the functional importance of genes in EPFs' pathogenesis have been extensively studied, the precise ultrastructural mechanism of the fungal infection, particularly penetration of the host insect cuticles, is not well understood.

RESULTS

In this study, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the larval cuticle of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, after treatment with B. bassiana ERL1170 expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (Bb‐eGFP). The Bb‐eGFP showed high virulence against the larvae, with approximately 90% mortality at 48 h after treatment (HAT) and 100% at 72 HAT under our infection conditions. In these larvae, the regions of the body wall with flexible cuticles, such as the ventral and ventrolateral thorax and abdomen, became darkly melanized, but there was little to no melanization in the rigid dorsal cuticular structures. Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that germinated conidia on the surface of the larval cuticle were evident at 6 HAT, which formed penetration pegs and began to penetrate the several cuticle layers/laminae by 12 HAT. The penetration pegs then developed invading hyphae, some of which passed through the cuticle and reached the epidermal cells by 24 HAT. The larval cuticle was aggressively and extensively disrupted by 48 HAT, and a number of outgrowing hyphae were observed at 72 HAT.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that Bb‐eGFP is capable of infection and penetrating T. castaneum larvae shortly after inoculation (~24 HAT) at the body regions with apparently flexible and membranous cuticles, such as the ventral intersegmental regions and the ventrolateral pleura. This study provides details on the histopathogenesis of the host cuticle by infection and penetration of EPFs, which can facilitate the management of insect pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Early detection, herbicide resistance screening, and integrated management of invasive plant species: a review
Authors: Tataridas Alexandros , Jabran Khawar , Kanatas Panagiotis , Oliveira Rui S , Freitas Helena , Travlos Ilias
Published: May 2022

Invasive plant species (IPS) are often considered weeds that cause high yield losses in crops, negatively affect the environment, and disrupt certain ecosystem services. The negative impact of IPS on biodiversity is increasing and disturbing native vegetation. The management of plant invasions can be divided in two phases (before and after invasion). Prior to introduction it is crucial to develop the knowledge base (biology, ecology, distribution, impact, management) on IPS, prevention measures and risk assessment. After introduction if eradication fails, the monitoring and the integrated management of IPS are imperative to prevent the naturalization and further dispersal. This review uses two major invasive weed species (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. and Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) as case studies to propose a framework for early detection, rapid herbicide resistance screening, and integrated management. The holistic framework that is presented exploits recent: (i) novel detection tools, (ii) rapid tests and assays for herbicide resistance, and (iii) biology, ecology, distribution traits, and management tools for the IPS. Farmers, advisors, researchers, and policymakers need briefing on IPS growth dynamics, adaptability rates, and response to conventional and novel treatments to prevent new invasions, eradicate isolated stands, and mitigate the impact of invasive weed species in the long term. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Including observation error correlation for ensemble radar radial wind assimilation and its impact on heavy rainfall prediction
Authors: Yeh Hao‐Lun , Yang Shu‐Chih , Terasaki Koji , Miyoshi Takemasa , Liou Yu‐Chieng
Published: May 2022

An assumption of uncorrelated observation errors is commonly adopted in conventional data assimilation. For this reason, high‐resolution data are resampled with strategies such as superobbing or data thinning. These strategies diminish the advantages of high temporal and spatial resolutions that can provide essential details in convection development. However, assimilating high‐resolution data, such as radar radial wind, without considering observation error correlations can lead to overfitting and thus degrade the performance of data assimilation and forecasts. This study uses a radar ensemble data assimilation system that combines the Weather Research and Forecasting model and Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (WRF‐LETKF) to assimilate radar radial wind and reflectivity data. We present a strategy to include the error correlation of the Doppler radar radial wind in the WRF‐LETKF radar assimilation system and examine its impact on the accuracy of short‐term precipitation predictions based on a heavy rainfall event on June 2, 2017 in Taiwan.

For radial wind, the horizontal error correlation scale is approximately 25 km according to the innovation statistics. The introduction of observation error correlation for radar radial wind assimilation produces more small‐scale features in wind analysis corrections compared to the experiment using an independent observation assumption. Consequently, the modification of wind corrections leads to stronger convergence accompanied by higher water vapor content, which enhances local convections. This results in more accurate simulations of reflectivity and short‐term precipitation. In particular, this advantage is identified for extreme heavy rainfall thresholds at small scales according to probability quantitative precipitation forecasts and fractions skill score.
How do women want their gynaecologist to address sexual function? A cross‐sectional survey among outpatients
Authors: Lonnée‐Hoffmann Risa A. M. , Christensen Silje S. , Hagemann Cecilie T.
Published: May 2022

Aim

Our aim was to examine women's attitudes towards addressing and documenting sexual function in a Nordic gynaecological and obstetric outpatient setting.

Materials and Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional, anonymous survey amongst women referred to the gynaecological or obstetric outpatient clinic at the University Hospital in Trondheim, Norway. The women completed a written, self‐developed questionnaire with 10 questions.

Results

During a 5‐month period, 494 out of 700 distributed questionnaires were completed (response rate 71%). Of the participating women, 87% would accept that a gynaecologist routinely asked them about sexual function during an outpatient appointment. Significantly more women 40 years and older (postreproductive), compared to women below 40 years (reproductive) did not want to be asked about sexual function [a difference of 6.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 13)]. Between 90% and 98% of the women would also accept specific questions about problems with sexual desire, arousal, orgasm and pain during intercourse. Women were most likely to accept questions about pain during intercourse. More women in the postreproductive age group compared to women of reproductive age did not accept questions about desire [a difference of 6.2% (95% CI: 1.9, 11.5)], arousal [a difference of 6.4% (95% CI: 0.7, 12.6)] and orgasm [a difference of 5.4% (95% CI: 0, 11.5)]. Women attending different clinics or from different cultural backgrounds did not answer significantly differently. More than half of the respondents preferred a medical journal with restricted access for documentation for general information (52.9%) as well as for specific information (60.1%) on sexual function. There was a tendency for women from the Nordic countries, compared to women from other European countries, to prefer this information to be stored in the restricted medical record, while this response was similar for women of the postreproductive and reproductive age group, or for women attending different clinics.

Conclusion

The large majority of women in this study accept that the gynaecologist asks general and specific questions about sexual function. Just over half of the women preferred information about sexual function to be documented in a medical journal with restricted access.
Host and viral non‐coding RNAs in dengue pathogenesis
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Pandikannan , Raj Athira S. , Kumar Pramod , Das Nilanjana , Kumar Himanshu
Published: May 2022

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito‐borne flavivirus that causes frequent outbreaks in tropical countries. Due to the four different serotypes and ever‐mutating RNA genome, it is challenging to develop efficient therapeutics. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent the severe form of dengue, leading to mortality. In the past decade, rapid advancement in the high throughput sequencing technologies has shed light on the crucial regulating role of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), also known as the “dark matter” of the genome, in various pathological processes. In addition to the human host ncRNAs like microRNAs and circular RNAs, DENV also produces ncRNAs such as subgenomic flaviviral RNAs that can modulate the virus life cycle and regulate disease outcomes. This review outlines the advances in understanding the interplay between the human host and DENV ncRNAs, their regulation of the innate immune system of the host, and the prospects of the ncRNAs in clinical applications such as dengue diagnosis and promising therapeutics.
Adaptive dynamic surface asymptotic tracking control of uncertain strict‐feedback systems with guaranteed transient performance and accurate parameter estimation
Authors: Shi Wenrui , Hou Mingzhe , Duan Guangren , Hao Mingrui
Published: May 2022

In this article, an adaptive dynamic surface control approach is proposed for uncertain strict‐feedback systems (SFSs) to guarantee both the prescribed transient tracking performance and the asymptotic tracking while realizing the accurate parameter estimation. It is assumed that SFSs are subject to linearly parametric uncertainties in both the drift terms and the control coefficients. A new inequality on the arctangent function, which can be widely used in the robust or the adaptive control designs, is established. Owing to this inequality, nonlinear robust filters with arctangent functions are designed and embedded into the backstepping control algorithm to avoid the “differential explosion” problem. Moreover, an improved forgetting‐factor‐based parameter estimation error reconstruction mechanism is proposed. And the obtained parameter estimation errors are integrated into the adaptive laws to achieve the accurate parameter estimation. Furthermore, the projection operator is applied to avoid the singularity problem of the control law. Besides, an asymmetric error transformation is introduced to restrict the tracking error within the prescribed performance envelope. It is proved that the tracking error and the parameter estimation errors asymptotically converge to zero and the tracking error satisfies the prescribed transient performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control approach is validated in terms of the single‐link manipulator actuated by a brush DC motor.
Fixed‐time adaptive anti‐disturbance and fault‐tolerant control for multi‐agent systems
Authors: Du Zhixu , Liang Hongjing , Xue Hong
Published: May 2022

This article investigates the fixed‐time adaptive anti‐disturbance and fault‐tolerant control problem for a class of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with non‐affine nonlinear faults. A simplified backstepping approach is presented that only requires designing one Lyapunov function for high‐order multi‐agent systems, which reduces the computational burden. By designing a new compound observer, an anti‐disturbance and fault‐tolerant control strategy is developed to estimate and compensate the compound nonlinear terms composed of external disturbances and nonlinear faults. In addition, an auxiliary control variable is designed to solve the problem of “explosion of complexity” and ensure the system stability in a fixed time. Based on the Lyapunov stability method, it is proved that the nonlinear multi‐agent systems are semi‐global practical fixed‐time stable. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by some simulation results.
Analyzing cohort studies with interval‐censored data: A new model‐based linear rank‐type test
Authors: Jantzen Rodolphe , Tubert‐Bitter Pascale , Broët Philippe
Published: May 2022

To compare two or more survival distributions with interval‐censored data, various nonparametric tests have been proposed. Some are based on the ‐family introduced by Harrington and Fleming (1991) that allows flexibility for situations in which the hazard ratio decreases monotonically to unity. However, it is unclear how to choose the appropriate value of the parameter . In this work, we propose a novel linear rank‐type test for analyzing interval‐censored data that derived from a proportional reversed hazard model. We show its relationship with decreasing hazard ratio. This test statistic provides an alternative to the ‐based test statistics by bypassing the choice of the parameter. Simulation results show its good behavior. Two studies on breast cancer and drug users illustrate its practical uses and highlight findings that would have been overlooked if other tests had been used. The test is easy to implement with standard software and can be used for a wide range of situations with interval‐censored data to test the equality of survival distributions between two or more independent groups.
Atomic Interface‐Exciting Catalysis on Cobalt Nitride‐Oxide for Accelerating Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Guan Shuyan , Liu Yanyan , Zhang Huanhuan , Wei Huijuan , Liu Tao , Wu Xianli , Wen Hao , Shen Ruofan , Mehdi Sehrish , Ge Xianghong , Wang Chengming , Liu Baozhong , Liang Erjun , Fan Yanping , Li Baojun
Published: May 2022

The rational design of the interface structure between nitride and oxide using the same metallic element and correlating the interfacial active center with a determined catalytic mechanism remain challenging. Herein, a Co4N‐Co3O4 interface structure is designed to determine the effect of interfacial active centers on hydrogen generation from ammonia borane. An unparalleled catalytic activity toward H2 production with a turnover frequency up to 79 min−1 is achieved on Co4N‐Co3O4@C catalyst for ten recycles. Experimental analyses and theoretical simulation suggest that the atomic interface‐exciting effect (AieE) is responsible for the high catalytic activity. The Co4N‐Co3O4 interface facilitates the targeted adsorption and activation of NH3BH3 and H2O molecules to generate H* and H2. The two active centers of Co(N)* and Co(O)* at the Co4N‐Co3O4 interface activate NH3BH3 and H2O, respectively. This proof‐of‐concept research on AieE provides important insights regarding the design of heterogeneous catalysts and promotes the development of the nature and regulation of energy chemical conversion.
Metallic Carbonitride MXene Based Photonic Hyperthermia for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhu Yanhua , Tang Xinfeng , Liu Qian , Xia Yujian , Zhai Xingwu , Zhang Hui , Duan Delong , Wang Hang , Zhan Wenqi , Wu Liang , Zheng Nan , Lv Weifu , Wang Yucai , Zhou Min
Published: May 2022

Photothermal therapy (PTT) as a noninvasive hyperthermia exhibits high potential for anti‐cancer treatments. The explosion of efficient photothermal agents (PTAs) keeps developing rapidly. MXene stands out due to its intriguing structures, fantastic photodynamic properties, and good biocompatibility. However, the potential of MXenes has not been sufficiently explored in PTT. Its versatile chemical compositions of MXenes provide vast opportunities to discover new candidates. Considering that the metallic feature is mainly attributed to the metal element, anionic modulation may open a distinct avenue to propel efficient PTAs with metallic nature, which is expected for high light‐harvesting over near‐infrared (NIR)‐I and NIR‐II. As a paradigm, metal carbonitride is chosen to visualize the influences of anionic modulation. Taking advantage of electron injection from nitrogen, the distinct carbonitride Ti3C1.15N0.85F0.88O0.56(OH)0.56 exhibits a strong NIR absorption (36.6 L g−1 cm−1 at 808 nm, 43.5 L g−1 cm−1 at 1064 nm), resulting in efficient photonic hyperthermia against tumors in vitro and in vivo. Looking through a large family of MXenes, this proof‐of‐principle demonstration offers a deep understanding between atomic composition and physicochemical properties, which further solidifies MXenes with all the potential for biomedical applications.
Integration of Bioinspired Fibrous Strands with 3D Spheroids for Environmental Hazard Monitoring
Authors: Park Chang Gyun , Jun Indong , Lee Sangmin , Ryu Chang Seon , Lee Sang‐Ah , Park Jaeho , Han Hyung‐Seop , Park Honghyun , Manz Andreas , Shin Heungsoo , Kim Young Jun
Published: May 2022

Numerous methods have been introduced to produce 3D cell cultures that can reduce the need for animal experimentation. This study presents a unique 3D culture platform that features bioinspired strands of electrospun nanofibers (BSeNs) and aquatic cell lines to compensate for shortcomings in the current cell spheroid generation techniques. The use of BSeNs in 3D zebrafish liver cell cultures is found to improve liver and reproductive functions through spheroid‐based in vitro assays such as whole transcriptome sequencing and reproductive toxicity testing, with optimized properties exhibiting results similar to those obtained for fish embryo acute toxicity (FET, OECD TG 236) following exposure to environmental endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (17β‐Estradiol (E2), 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (4‐HT), and bisphenol compounds (bisphenol A (BPA) and 9,9‐Bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (BPFL)). These findings indicate that the beneficial effects of bioinspired materials that closely mimic ECM environments can yield efficient zebrafish cells with intrinsic functions and xenobiotic metabolism similar to those of zebrafish embryos. As a closer analog for the in vivo conditions that are associated with exposure to potentially hazardous chemicals, the straightforward culture model introduced in this study shows promise as an alternative tool that can be used to further eco‐environmental assessment.
Holographic Manipulation of Nanostructured Fiber Optics Enables Spatially‐Resolved, Reconfigurable Optical Control of Plasmonic Local Field Enhancement and SERS
Authors: Collard Liam , Pisano Filippo , Zheng Di , Balena Antonio , Kashif Muhammad Fayyaz , Pisanello Marco , D'Orazio Antonella , de la Prida Liset M , Ciracì Cristian , Grande Marco , De Vittorio Massimo , Pisanello Ferruccio
Published: May 2022

Integration of plasmonic structures on step‐index optical fibers is attracting interest for both applications and fundamental studies. However, the possibility to dynamically control the coupling between the guided light fields and the plasmonic resonances is hindered by the turbidity of light propagation in multimode fibers (MMFs). This pivotal point strongly limits the range of studies that can benefit from nanostructured fiber optics. Fortunately, harnessing the interaction between plasmonic modes on the fiber tip and the full set of guided modes can bring this technology to a next generation progress. Here, the intrinsic wealth of information of guided modes is exploited to spatiotemporally control the plasmonic resonances of the coupled system. This concept is shown by employing dynamic phase modulation to structure both the response of plasmonic MMFs on the plasmonic facet and their response in the corresponding Fourier plane, achieving spatial selective field enhancement and direct control of the probe's work point in the dispersion diagram. Such a conceptual leap would transform the biomedical applications of holographic endoscopic imaging by integrating new sensing and manipulation capabilities.
Effect of Ti Addition on Yield Strength of Low‐Mo Fire‐Resistant Steel at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Choi Dong-Jun , Kim Tae-Yeong , Hong Hyun-Uk , Moon Joonoh , Lee Chang-Hoon , Kim Dong-Ik , Shim Jae-Hyeok , Han Heung Nam , Lee Young-Su
Published: May 2022

Herein, a series of low‐Mo (0.2 wt%) fire‐resistant steels with varying amounts of Ti (0.008–0.13 wt%) are investigated to study the effects of Ti on yield strength at elevated temperatures. At room temperature (RT), precipitation strengthening by nanoscale TiC precipitates is found to be the major factor for the enhanced strength. The amount of TiC precipitates and both the yield and tensile strengths increase monotonically with the Ti content. However, the yield strength ratio (YS at 600 °C divided by YS at RT) of the steel with the highest Ti content (0.13 wt%) is significantly reduced to 0.6. In contrast, the YS ratio of the steels with Ti content in the range of 0.008–0.087 wt% remains above 0.7 and increases with Ti content. The difference between the steels lies in the B content and the resultant bainite volume fraction. The steel with 0.13 wt% Ti does not contain B and has only 4% bainite, whereas the other steels contain 20 ppm B and approximately 60% bainite. Hence, a microstructure with a sufficient fraction of bainite is required to ensure strength at elevated temperatures. The properties can be further improved by Ti precipitation strengthening.
Algal Polysaccharides‐Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Zhang Shuangshuang , Qamar Sarmad Ahmad , Junaid Muhammad , Munir Bushra , Badar Qurratulain , Bilal Muhammad
Published: May 2022

A huge variety of polysaccharides can be obtained from algal biomass having several attractive properties such as cost‐effectiveness, non‐toxicity, biodegradability, abundant availability, and biocompatibility. In recent years, algal polysaccharides (including alginates, carrageenans, fucoidans, ulvans, and agaroses) have extensively been reported for their chemical properties and important bioactive potentialities. Furthermore, algal polysaccharides have gained huge scientific interest as they are a significant source of biologically active compounds, and they show various medical potentialities including anticancer, antiproliferative, anticoagulant, antitumoral, and antiviral properties. Exceptional physicochemical and biological characteristics make them interesting candidates for biotechnological and biomedical investigations. In this review, nanodrug delivery systems based on different algal‐polysaccharides (alginates, carrageenans, fucoidan, ulvan, and other) are described in a systematic way. Moreover, the current challenges and future prospects in the area of algal exploitation for biomedical applications are summarized at the end.
Technological trends in the extraction of essential oils
Authors: Saldaña‐Mendoza Salvador A. , Chávez‐González Mónica L. , Ramírez‐Guzmán Nathiely , Pacios‐Michelena Sandra , Aguilar Cristóbal N.
Published: May 2022

Essential oils are volatile substances of an oily nature present in all plants. They are industrially used as high‐value substances for their biological properties in the elaboration of various products in multiple such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, etc. Today it is known that essential oils have a composite composition and are mainly made up of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, being the trace components contained in these substances, those responsible for providing the odor they possess. Commonly, essential oils are extracted through so‐called conventional, where high temperatures and solvents dominate the processes. However, nowadays, multiple emerging techniques have been used to carry out its extraction to achieve better yields, preserve the integrity of the components and reduce the environmental impact that conventional extraction systems imply. This paper addresses a review of conventional systems and emerging technologies that are currently used for the extraction of essential oils.
Risk‐based serological survey of bluetongue and the first evidence of bluetongue virus serotype 26 circulation in Tunisia
Authors: Sana Kalthoum , Soufien Sghaier , Thameur Ben Hassine , Liana Teodori , Massimo Spedicato , Kaouther Guesmi , Raja Gharbi , Haikel Hajlaoui , Bassem Bel Haj Mohamed , Wiem Khalfaoui , Monia Lachtar , Ameni Ben Salem , Naouel Fatnassi , Anissa Dhaouadi , Mehdi Ben Ali , Sarah Thabet , Chedia Seghaier , Giovanni Savini , Salah Hammami
Published: May 2022

Background

Bluetongue (BT), a vector‐borne disease of wild and domestic ruminants, is responsible for severe economic losses in flocks. To reduce this impact, a surveillance and control plan was implemented in Tunisia. However, the epidemiological situation of BT remains incompletely understood, especially for the circulating serotypes.

Objective

The aim of this survey was to determine the seroprevalence, to identify the circulating serotypes and to identify the associated risk factors for bluetongue virus (BTV) circulation in Tunisia using risk‐based sampling (RBS).

Methods

A total of 3314 blood samples were randomly collected from 67 sectors using risk‐based sampling and screened by competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (c‐ELISAs). Out of the 1330 positive samples, 200 samples were analysed by serum neutralization test (SNT) to identify circulating BTV serotypes.

Results

Of 3314 sera, 1330 were c‐ELISA‐positive (40.1%) for antibodies against the BTV structural protein VP7. The result of SNT showed the presence of BTV‐1, BTV‐2, BTV‐3, BTV‐4 and, for the first time in Tunisia, BTV‐26. The logistic regression model revealed that older animals had nearly two times the odds of being infected with BTV compared to younger animals. Flocks with a history of BT were almost 1.5 times more likely to be at risk for contracting BTV infection. The flock size, housing indoors and intensive production system were significant protective factors.

Conclusions

High seroprevalence of BTV among sheep was highlighted in Tunisia. The neutralization test showed the presence of the following BTV serotypes: BTV‐1, BTV‐2, BTV‐3, BTV‐4 and, for the first time in Tunisia, BTV‐26. Age, production system and flock size were important variables associated with BTV infection in sheep. This finding is crucial, as it will allow the adjustment of the BT control programme in Tunisia.
Disorders of the sustentaculum tali and the medial trochlear ridge of the talus in horses: Novel findings and surgical management of five cases
Authors: Della Tommasa Simone , Scharner Doreen , Brehm Walter , Troillet Antonia
Published: May 2022

The sustentaculum tali (ST) is located at the medial aspect of the tarsus and is considered a rare anatomic location for diseases. This retrospective case series describes the management of five horses with septic and non‐septic ST injuries. All horses were treated surgically with tenovaginoscopy, ST fragment and exostosis removal. In two cases, lameness was caused by an exostosis involving the ST and the plantar aspect of the medial trochlear ridge (MTR). There are no reports of exostosis involving ST and MTR causing lameness. In four horses, the long‐term outcome was considered good and the horses were able to return to the previous level; one horse developed a recurrence of ST and MTR exostosis leading to recurrence of lameness. Curettage of the ST and MTR exostosis, removal of fragments and tarsal sheath adhesions play a pivotal role in increasing prognosis and long‐term outcome. Poor prognosis is correlated with exostosis recurrence.
Prevalence of lymphoproliferative disease virus in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in North Carolina
Authors: Kreh Christopher D. , Palamar Maria B.
Published: May 2022

Lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) is a highly prevalent pathogen first described from wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in 2009, with uncertain implications for wild turkey populations. To establish a baseline of its prevalence and geographic distribution, we gathered LPDV samples across North Carolina, USA, from 2 age classes of wild turkeys in 2013 and 2015. We collected 829 tissue samples, primarily from hunter harvests, and tested for presence of LPDV via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall prevalence of LPDV was 46.1% (382 of 829 turkeys). Prevalence was significantly lower in juveniles than adults (29.7% and 48.4% respectively [χ2 = 13.52, df = 1, P < 0.001]). Prevalence of LPDV in adult turkeys was greater in the mountain region than in either the piedmont or coastal regions. Prevalence of LPDV did not vary between years (χ2 = 1.47, df = 1, P = 0.26) or sexes (χ2 = 0.06, df = 1, P = 0.81). Mean weights of LPDV‐positive adult male turkeys (8.9 kg) and LPDV‐negative adult male turkeys (8.9 kg) were not different. We observed no correlation between LPDV prevalence and reported turkey harvest, nor between LPDV prevalence and productivity estimates from our annual summer brood survey. Our work is consistent with previous reports that LPDV is a widespread virus in wild turkeys that differs in prevalence across ages and regions. Further investigation of LPDV's effect on turkey poults and transmission of the pathogen among juvenile and adult turkeys is needed.
Whole-Body Hyperthermia (WBH): Historical Aspects, Current Use, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Heckel-Reusser S.
Published: May 2022

Whole-body hyperthermia (WBH), induced by passive heating, and active fever therapy induced by pyrogenic drugs, have been accepted as therapy of various diseases for many decades. However, the introduction of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs caused the interest in this traditional therapy to decline. The development of modern WBH using infrared irradiation (IR) started in the 1960s.

Three levels of hyperthermia differ fundamentally in practical implementation, mechanisms of action, and indications. Mild WBH is stress-free and aims mainly to muscle relaxation and increased perfusion in the locomotor system. Fever-range whole-body hyperthermia (FRWBH) requires a more extensive nursing care due to major thermoregulatory stress. FRWBH is applied for stimulation of anti-tumor immune responses and for anti-inflammatory effects in case of chronic inflammation. Moreover, anti-depressive effects of FRWBH could recently be shown. Extreme WBH needs an intensive care environment and aims to the direct damage of cancer cells or therapy-resistant pathogens. In general, inconsistent effects of WBH on blood perfusion must be taken into account if combined with medication.

Two commercially available medical WBH devices both use water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA), but deviate in the practical implementation. Contraindications and the risk of side effects differ essentially between the three levels and must carefully be observed.
The New Natural State of the Market
Authors: Holthe Einar Kleppe
Published: May 2022

A New Natural State of the Market,  The economic consequence of Awareness. The market ideological appraoch of Natural State is suggesting a more meaningful holistic, and neutral value perspective and methodolgy for value creation. Where a new natural state of the world markets can be obtain with a, spheric and new economic language for the future and aware market. Sustainability over time must become the core market ideal for fostering a sustainable global market culture as key to make sustainability the core quality in any value creation and value transactions, in any value chain, value system or value-spheres for the transparent and aware market spheres of the 21th. century. As a contribution to the second Kyoto Economic Manifesto. The Natural State-theory of market-and value spheres represents a market ideological and practical approach to seek a, more natural and holistic value perspective to  secure sustainable value development in any kind of places,  markets and aware economis.
Gravitational quasinormal modes for Lifshitz black branes
Authors: Andrade Tomas , Pantelidou Christiana
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We study the scalar and vector channels of gravitational quasinormal modes for Lifshitz black branes emerging in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton and Einstein-Proca theories in four and five dimensions, finding significant differences between the two models. In particular, rather surprisingly, in the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton model the dispersion relations for the shear and sound modes are given by ωshear ∼ −i k4 and ωsound ∼ −i k2, while in the Einstein-Proca model they take the more conventional form ωshear ∼ −i k2 and ωsound ∼ k —the proportionality constants depend on the dynamical exponent and the appropriate factors of temperature. Through the holographic duality, this calculation provides information about the relaxation of the momentum and energy flux operators in a putative dual Lifshitz field theory. Comparing with the dispersion relations obtained directly by considering Lifshitz hydrodynamics suggest that the mass density of the equilibrium state in the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton model is infinite.
Detecting few-body quantum chaos: out-of-time ordered correlators at saturation
Authors: Marković Dragan , Čubrović Mihailo
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We study numerically and analytically the time dependence and saturation of out-of-time ordered correlators (OTOC) in chaotic few-body quantum-mechanical systems: quantum Henon-Heiles system (weakly chaotic), BMN matrix quantum mechanics (strongly chaotic) and Gaussian random matrix ensembles. The growth pattern of quantum-mechanical OTOC is complex and nonuniversal, with no clear exponential regime at relevant timescales in any of the examples studied (which is not in contradiction to the exponential growth found in the literature for many-body systems, i.e. fields). On the other hand, the plateau (saturated) value of OTOC reached at long times decreases with temperature in a simple and universal way: exp(const./T2) for strong chaos (including random matrices) and exp(const./T) for weak chaos. For small matrices and sufficiently complex operators, there is also another, high-temperature regime where the saturated OTOC grows with temperature. Therefore, the plateau OTOC value is a meaningful indicator of few-body quantum chaos. We also discuss some general consequences of our findings for the AdS/CFT duality.
The $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$-scheme $$ {\alpha}_s^5 $$ QCD contributions to the Adler function and Bjorken polarized sum rule in the Crewther-type two-fold {β}-expanded representation
Authors: Goriachuk I. O. , Kataev A. L. , Molokoedov V. S.
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We consider the two-fold expansion in powers of the conformal anomaly and of the strong coupling αs for the non-singlet contributions to Adler D-function and Bjorken polarized sum rule calculated previously in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

-scheme at the four-loop level. This representation provides relations between definite terms of different loop orders appearing within the {β}-expansion of these quantities. Supposing the validity of this two-fold representation at the five-loop order and using these relations, we obtain some $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^5 $$

α
s
5

) corrections to the D-function, to the R-ratio of e+e−-annihilation into hadrons and to Bjorken polarized sum rule. These corrections are presented both analytically in the case of the generic simple gauge group and numerically for the SU(3) color group. The arguments in the favor of validity of the two-fold representation are given at least at the four-loop level. Within the {β}-expansion procedure the analytical Riemann ζ4-contributions to the five-loop expressions for the Adler function and Bjorken polarized sum rule are also fixed for the case of the generic simple gauge group.
Monic Bivariate Polynomials on Quadratic and q-Quadratic Lattices
Authors: Area I. , Tefo Y. Guemo
Published: May 2022

Monic families of bivariate Askey–Wilson polynomials and q-Racah polynomials are explicitly given. Monic families of bivariate orthogonal polynomials, both in quadratic and q-quadratic lattices, are also explicitly given using appropriate limit relations.
Generalized q-Bernoulli Polynomials Generated by Jackson q-Bessel Functions
Authors: Eweis S. Z. H. , Mansour Z. S. I.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce the polynomials $$B^{(k)}_{n,\alpha }(x;q)$$

B

n
,
α

(
k
)

(
x
;
q
)

generated by a function including Jackson q-Bessel functions $$J^{(k)}_{\alpha }(x;q)$$

J
α

(
k
)

(
x
;
q
)

$$ (k=1,2,3),\,\alpha >-1$$

(
k
=
1
,
2
,
3
)
,

α
>
-
1

. The cases $$\alpha =\pm \frac{1}{2}$$

α
=
±

1
2

are the q-analogs of Bernoulli and Euler$$^{,}$$

,

s polynomials introduced by Ismail and Mansour for $$(k=1,2)$$

(
k
=
1
,
2
)

, Mansour and Al-Towalib for $$(k=3)$$

(
k
=
3
)

. We study the main properties of these polynomials, their large n degree asymptotics and give their connection coefficients with the q-Laguerre polynomials and little q-Legendre polynomials.
A sustainable approach for the stability study of psychotropic substances using vitreous humor and liver as alternative matrices
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna , Reciak Marcin , Nowak Paweł Mateusz , Wietecha-Posłuszny Renata
Published: May 2022

The stability of psychotropic substances representing various drug groups important from the perspective of forensic chemistry, including benzodiazepines, antidepressants, carbamazepine, cocaine, and their selected metabolites, was investigated for 1 month in two alternative biological matrices, vitreous humor and liver homogenate. Three different thermal storage conditions (−20, 4, and 20 °C) were tested. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was preceded by an effective solid-phase microextraction (SPME) procedure. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA to find significant concentration variations over time. The results obtained allowed for dividing the analytes into four groups: stable under all tested conditions, only at −20 and 4 °C, only at 20 °C, and overall unstable. Nordiazepam, venlafaxine, and cocaine and its metabolites turned out to be the most unstable substances, while fluoxetine showed the highest storage stability in both matrices. The SPME/LC-MS method was comprehensively evaluated according to the principles of white analytical chemistry (WAC), which reconcile the greenness and functionality of the method. A close to 100% whiteness score proves its sustainability and suitability for the intended application.

Graphical abstract
Voxel-wise lesion mapping of restless legs syndrome in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fröhlich Kilian , Knott Michael , Hock Stefan , Dörfler Arnd , Seifert Frank , Winder Klemens
Published: May 2022

Objective

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is known to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be caused by MS lesions in specific cerebral brain regions. Applying a voxel-wise lesion analysis, we tried to identify the contribution of cerebral MS lesions to RLS.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we established a cohort of people with MS with documented RLS and controls of people with MS without RLS matched disease severity. Diagnosis of MS and RLS was based on the current guidelines. The MS lesions were analyzed on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans (1.5 or 3 T). After manual delineation, lesion maps were converted into stereotaxic space. We generated a lesion overlap and performed a Liebermeister test with 4000 permutations to compare the absence or presence of RLS voxel-wise between patients with and without lesions in a given voxel.

Results

Forty of the patients with RLS and MS fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The voxel-wise analysis yielded associations between RLS and MS in the subcortex of the left gyrus precentralis.

Conclusion

Our voxel-wise analysis shows associations in the subcortex of the left gyrus precentralis. Thus, our data suggests that a dysfunction of the efferent motor system due to cerebral lesions may contribute to the pathophysiology of RLS in MS.
Propagation of barotropic Kelvin waves around Antarctica
Authors: Webb David J. , Holmes Ryan M. , Spence Paul , England Matthew H.
Published: May 2022

Barotropic (i.e., depth-uniform) coastal oceanic Kelvin waves can provide rapid teleconnections from climate and weather events in one location to remote regions of the globe. Studies suggest that barotropic Kelvin waves observed around Antarctica may provide a mechanism for rapidly propagating circulation anomalies around the continent, with implications for continental shelf temperatures along the West Antarctic Peninsula and thus Antarctic ice mass loss rates. However, how the propagation of Kelvin waves around Antarctica is influenced by features such as coastal geometry and variations in bathymetry remains poorly understood. Here we study the propagation of barotropic Antarctic Kelvin waves using a range of idealized model simulations. Using a single-layer linear shallow water model with 1∘ horizontal resolution, we gradually add complexity of continental configuration, realistic bathymetry, variable planetary rotation, and forcing scenarios, to isolate sources and sinks of wave energy and the mechanisms responsible. We find that approximately 75% of sub-inertial barotropic Kelvin wave energy is scattered away from Antarctica as other waves in one circumnavigation of the continent, due mostly to interactions with bathymetry. Super-inertial barotropic Kelvin waves lose nearly 95% of their energy in one circumpolar loop, due to interactions with both coastal geometry and bathymetry. These results help to explain why only sustained signals of low-frequency resonant barotropic Kelvin waves have been observed around Antarctica, and contribute to our understanding of the role of rapid, oceanic teleconnections in climate.
Improving brain B0 shimming using an easy and accessible multi-coil shim array at ultra-high field
Authors: Boer Vincent Oltman , Pedersen Jan Ole , Arango Nick , Kuang Irene , Stockmann Jason , Petersen Esben Thade
Published: May 2022

Object

Improve shimming capabilities of ultra-high field systems, with addition of an accessible low-complexity B0 shim array for head MRI at 7 T.

Materials and methods

An eight channel B0 shim coil array was designed as a tradeoff between shimming improvement and construction complexity, to provide an easy to use shim array that can be employed with the standard 7 T head coil. The array was interfaced using an open-source eight-channel shim amplifier rack. Improvements in field homogeneity for whole-brain and slice-based shimming were compared to standard second-order shimming, and to more complex higher order dynamic shimming and shim arrays with 32 and 48 channels.

Results

The eight-channel shim array provided 12% improvement in whole brain static shimming and provided 33% improvement when using slice-based shimming. With this, the eight-channel array performed similar to third-order dynamic shimming (without the need for higher order eddy current compensation). More complex shim arrays with 32 and 48 channels performed better, but require a dedicated RF coil.

Discussion

The designed eight-channel shim array provides a low-complexity and low-cost approach for improving B0 field shimming on an ultra-high field system. In both static and dynamic shimming, it provides improved B0 homogeneity over standard shimming.
Imagine How Good That Feels: The Impact of Anticipated Positive Emotions on Motivation for Reward Activities
Authors: Heise Max , Werthmann Jessica , Murphy Fionnuala , Tuschen-Caffier Brunna , Renner Fritz
Published: May 2022

Background

Disease burden and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes call for innovation in treatments of depression. Prospective mental imagery, i.e. future-directed voluntary imagery-based thought, about potentially-rewarding activities may offer a mechanistically-informed intervention that targets deficits in reward processing, a core clinical feature of depression. We propose that the previously described impact of prospective mental imagery on motivation for everyday activities is facilitated by affective forecasting, i.e. predictions about an individual’s emotional response to the imagined activities.

Methods

Participants (N = 120) self-nominated six activities to engage in over the following week and were randomized to either: (1) an affective forecasting imagery condition (n = 40); (2) a neutral process imagery condition (n = 40); or (3) a no-imagery control condition (n = 40).

Results

As predicted, increases in motivation ratings from pre to post experimental manipulation were significantly higher following affective forecasting imagery compared to both neutral process imagery (d = 0.62) and no-imagery (d = 0.91). Contrary to predictions, the number of activities participants engaged in did not differ between conditions.

Conclusions

Results provide initial evidence for a potentially important role of affective forecasting in prospective mental imagery. We discuss how these findings can inform future research aiming to harness prospective mental imagery’s potential for clinical applications.