bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Libraries in the Mirror of Soviet Library Science during the Cold War
Authors: Volodin Boris
Published: February 2007

This essay focuses on how the political climate of the Cold War-era
U.S.S.R. affected Soviet librarians' ability to study and write about
libraries in
capitalist countries. The author refers extensively to papers published
in
major Soviet library science journals from the 1920s to the early 1990s
to support his views. Examples are given of the influence of Cold War
politics on the work of Russian library science researchers. The author
uses contemporary material to trace the effects of the political on Soviet
librarians' view of the international library community. Volodin also
makes a clear differentiation between publicly expressed "politically
correct" views and unpublished, unbiased research by significant
Soviet librarians. The article discusses the profound impact made in
bibliographic research by humanities scholars who chose library careers
to avoid the intellectual constraints enforced elsewhere in Soviet
academics. The author concludes by pointing out that librarians in the
former Soviet Union are still unable to consider the effects of the Cold
War on their profession as past history due to the stagnant climate of
research and education. He describes the continued intellectual isolation
perpetuated by the domestic focus of the popular Russian library science
journals.
Rifles for Watie : Rollins, Riley, and Racism
Authors: Willett Holly G
Published: February 2007

In the pre-civil rights era, the depiction of African Americans in
children's literature became an area of discussion among librarians,
publishers, and authors. Charlemae Hill Rollins, a prominent African
American librarian, recommended changes in the text of Rifles for
Watie, the winner of the 1958 Newbery Medal, shortly after it had
won the award. Most of her suggestions were rejected by the author,
but the incident illustrates her critiques of children's books and the
ways in which youth librarians attempt to be cultural gatekeepers for
young people.
The American Library Association in Latin America: American Librarianship as a "Modern" Model during the Good Neighbor Policy Era
Authors: Maymi-Sugranes Hector J
Published: February 2007

Through ALA projects in Latin America, American librarianship progressed,
step by step, from conceptualization to implementation as the model
to be followed by the Latin American countries in modernizing not only
their library practices but their societies in general. The development
of library practices was fundamental to the pursuit of a "modern"
society. In fighting fascist propaganda, the United States has portrayed
itself at least since World War II as a "modern" model whose prosperity
and economic growth were important achievements but achievable only in
a democratic society.
The Library of the Himalayan Club, a Unique Cultural Institution in Simla, 1928-1946
Authors: Flora Nirmolini V
Published: February 2007

The Himalayan Club was established in 1928, and its highly regarded
library in Simla was an integral part of its activities from the
outset. After a few comments about Simla, where the library was located
until 1946, as background information two stimulating observations
about the Himalayas by servants of the East India Company in the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are noted. Then a short history
of the rise of curiosity in mountains within Western civilization
is presented. This history highlights the ideas that generated this
development and the formation of mountaineering clubs in Europe, North
America, and the British Empire. Subsequently, after summarizing the
story of the establishment of the Himalayan Club and its membership,
the collection of the library and the journal published by the club
are examined in some detail. Books by author-members on exploration,
mountaineering, and natural history in the Himalayan region constitute
an outstanding feature of the collection and are specially noted. The
functioning of the library also is explained, and an overview of the
post-Independence era is presented.
Greenberg's Asymmetry in Arabic: A Consequence of Stems in Paradigms
Authors: Gafos Adamantios I.
Published: February 2007

How different is the phonology and morphology of nontemplatic (concatenative) word formation from that of templatic (nonconcatenative) word formation? In this article, I focus on the Arabic verbal system, the prototypical example of templatic morphology, with the aim of deriving some of its distinctly special traits from basic principles. The key novel aspect of the approach is its focus on paradigms. The main result is that the paradigm coupled with general phonotactic constraints sets limits on the theoretically possible diversity of stems within that paradigm. As a consequence of its generality, the proposed approach obviates a range of highly specific tools and postulates. Broader implications are developed for the phonological and morphological prerequisites of templatic (nonconcatenative) word formation.
The Missionary Position: Barbara Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible
Authors: Ognibene Elaine R
Published: February 2007

This essay reveals how Barbara Kingsolver illustrates the hypocrisy of religious rhetoric and practice that sacrifices the many for the good of the few in power, drawing a clear parallel between a missionary's attitude and colonial imperialism. In The Poisonwood Bible, Nathan Price does not represent the missionary profession: he "is a symbolic figure. . . suggesting many things about the way U.S. and Europe have approached Africa with a history of cultural arrogance and misunderstanding at every turn." Nonetheless, Kingsolver shows how, contrary to popular opinion, religion and politics compose a combined force used historically not only to "convert the savages" but to convert the masses to believe that what is done in the name of democratic, Christian principles is done for the greater good. Essay examines the effects of Nathan's missionary position on his wife, his four daughters, and the Congolese. Although Kingsolver uses different narrative voices to construct her political allegory, each voice exposes the missionary tactics of the man called "Our Father" as monolithic, abusive, domineering and destructive. This essay offers one "particular" angled version of a multidimensional novel: it illustrates how in "(un)doing the missionary position," Kingsolver connects consequences with actions and challenges readers to do likewise.
The Hermeneutics of Mourning: Multiplicity and Authority in Jewish Law
Authors: Kolbrener William
Published: February 2007

Against a constellation of Western traditions which crave, as Hilary Putnam has written, access to the "God's-Eye View," the rabbinic tradition has consistently constituted itself through language. For the rabbis, although the clarity of prophetic experience, and the priviliged access to the divine, may have passed, the experience of loss neither gives way to despair, nor to the abandonment of the Law. Adopting the argument of Gillian Rose's Mourning Becomes the Law, and through the appropriation of its title phrase as a hermeneutic principle, loss and "mourning," within the rabbinic legal tradition, serve as the very preconditions for interpretation. Indeed, midrashic meditations in the Talmud Bavli on the death of Moses, evidence how, in the loss which precedes every hermeneutic engagement, mourning "becomes" the Law--that is, in the Law's continual re-articulation and re-interpretation. Indeed the rabbinic commitment to the contingency of interpretation leads not to a craving for a certainty no longer available, but rather to recuperations, and the acknowledgement of the sufficiency and authority of these recuperations--even in their multiplicity. Thus a version of law emerges--the halakha--in which multiplicity and the sacred, the polysemic and the ethical come together.
Triangulations
Authors: Guyton Tyree , Margolis Rebecca , Ward Jerry Washington
Published: February 2007

Photographs by Rebecca Margolis depict Tyree Guyton's "Heidelberg Project," which demonstrated how an artist "had
retained a deep pride in his neglected community. Using abandoned houses and junk as his medium, he turned his
community into an outdoor ghetto gallery." Companion poems by Jerry W. Ward, Jr., explore these images of ordered
chaos. Titles of poems: Notice. Paradise Closed, Diagnosis, Y Circles X Squares: Good Healthkeeping, At the Border
of Constant Disaster, A Trio at the Shrine, Felllini's Space: Harlequin Fetus Revisited.
Healing Goddesses
Authors: Wakoski Diane
Published: February 2007

Poems. "Alexander," "White Las Vegas," "The Blue Dress," "Airmail Letter", "Our Lady of the Chanterelles," "For
Linda's Mother,"Healing Goddesses"
Voltaire's Complaint: Illness and Eroticism in La Correspondance
Authors: Dawson Deidre
Published: February 2007

Illness and writing are inextricably linked in Voltaire's works, particularly in his correspondence. The relationship
between Voltaire's illness and his erotic desire has been the least explored of these links and is the most intriguing.
Voltaire uses illness as a trope for his illicit passion for his niece, and physical suffering replaces physical desire as a
means of writing about the body. Voltaire's obsession with his illness is closely connected with eighteenth-century notions
of sympathy, which used the ability to sympathize with the pains and pleasures of others as a gauge of moral sentiments.
The Ethics of Metaphor and the Infant Body in Pain
Authors: Whittier Gayle
Published: February 2007

Cultural metaphors identify neonatal intensive care with extraterrestism, but describe
liminal preterm patients as subhuman or nonhuman. These metaphors, Whittier argues,
contextualize a failure to provide adequate pain relief for preterm infants. Other factors, be they
pharmacological, educational, structural, or representational, also contribute to verbal denial of
infant pain, as well as to the dialogic compromise and ethical stress imposed on medical personnel
despite recent technological advances and calls for reform from neonatologists themselves. A
response to "The Ethics of Metaphor and the Infant Body in Pain," by pediatrician John Lantos,
and Whittier's response to Lantos, follows this article.
Making Amends
Authors: Dumas Staci Lyn
Published: February 2007

When Dumas realizes that amends need to be made at the end of
the essay, it is as much a surprise to her as it is to her reader.
Healing arises from those amends and is signaled by the verbs in
her final paragraphs, which bring her father from the absent past
into the fully present tense.
Speaking in Typeface: Characterizing Stereotypes in Gayl Jones's Mosquito
Authors: Bramen Carrie Tirado
Published: February 2007

At what point do identity tropes turn into their negative counterpartÑstereotypes? How much identity is too much? These are the questions at the heart of Gayl Jones's most recent novel Mosquito, which explores the line between racial characterization and racial stereotyping, specifically in terms of African-American configurations of latinidad. Jones blurs the boundaries between orality and literacy, stereotypes and (round) characters by producing a novel that is a form of textual verbalization, where literate habits of reading are challenged through oral modalities of (flat) characterization and storytelling.
"Under the Lids of Jerusalem": The Guised Role of Jewishness in Henry James's The Golden Bowl
Authors: Olson Liesl M
Published: February 2007

Olson evaluates James's complex conception of race in The Golden
Bowl, specifically focusing on Fanny Assingham, a pivotal character at
the fulcrum of the novel's action. Olson shows how Fanny is allied with
the Jewish characters in the novel both physically and functionally,
arguing that Fanny's Jewishness is signaled by her behavior, not by fixed
or innate qualities. Moreover, Fanny contests and diminishes authorial
control, even as she amplifies our sense of the author's presence. This
dual function is constitutive, in the novel's terms, of her Jewishness,
suggesting a bracing self-identification on James's part with this
same figure.
"Greening" Postcolonialism: Ecocritical Perspectives
Authors: Huggan Graham
Published: February 2007

The essay looks at possible areas of intersection between postcolonial criticism and ecocriticism, two relatively recent critical schools that, despite their obvious differences, share similar concerns with social justice and transformation. Via readings of three recent texts by Arundhati Roy, J. M. Coetzee, and Barbara Gowdy, the essay argues that postcolonial criticism and ecocriticism exist in part as mutual correctives: postcolonial criticism to the culture-blindness of certain strands of ecocriticism, and ecocriticism to the anthropocentric tendencies of postcolonial thought.
Exiles on Stage: Greek Pontian Theater, 1922-1972
Authors: Bouteneff Patricia Fann
Published: February 2007

Greek Pontian playwrights produced a unique refugee theater after
they arrived in Greece in 1922. Obsessed with the lost homeland,
they use nostalgia to evoke the phenomenon of virtual space on
stage. This obsession makes them favor the Pontian dialect, as
well as heroes who appear as liminal figures. Their plots show how
individuals are reincorporated into society, reinforcing the continuity
of the Greek Pontian community. They turn their back on
mainstream Greece in order to portray Greek Pontians, a minority
in real life but a majority on stage.
The Greek-Jewish Theater in Judeo-Spanish, ca. 1880-1940
Authors: Kerem Yitzchak
Published: February 2007

The Greek-Jewish theater in Judeo-Spanish was the product of a
combined expression of traditional Sephardic culture and of
European education and modernization. It began in Thessaloniki in
the 1880s and had become a popular form of entertainment in that
city by the beginning of the twentieth century. In later decades the
members of Zionist and socialist movements in Thessaloniki
produced plays that reflected their political platforms. The history of
the Greek-Jewish theater shows the transformation of the Greek
Jews from a closed, religious society to an open, secular one.
Greek Policy toward the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 1991-1995
Authors: Zahariadis Nikolaos
Published: February 2007

The article evaluates Greek foreign policy toward the Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia from 1991 to 1995. It applies five
criteria to determine success: clarity and coherence of problem
definition, adequacy of resources devoted to implementation,
degree of dissent in the open among key policy makers, the
creation of cooperation and good will, and the congruence of Greek
policy with prevailing international opinion. Despite some success,
the policy failed to produce the desired outcome or to resolve the
issue. In contrast, it precipitated a costly rift between Greece and
its allies.
Beauty and Sacredness in the Work of Philip Sherrard
Authors: Chryssavgis John
Published: February 2007

Beauty and sacredness are interrelated concepts, embodied as
they are in a sacred anthropology and cosmology. In his writings,
Philip Sherrard (d. 1995) articulates these profound values with
unique eloquence. He writes of the beauty of the body, as well as of
the need for ascetic discipline. He emphasizes the innate
sacredness of life, art, and culture, but also criticizes the
dehumanization of humanity and the desacralization of nature in
recent times. He describes the spiritual worldview of traditional
Christianity and the eclipse of this worldview in contemporary
science. In a word, he discerns the beauty of Christ's countenance
even in the shattered image of the world. Sherrard's prophetic voice
is worth listening to.
A Farewell to Judicial Passivity: The Environmental Jurisprudence of the Greek Council of State
Authors: Papaspyrou Nicholas
Published: February 2007

In the last eight years we have been experiencing an
invigoration of the constitutional duty that the state
protect the environment and an enlargement of the
institutional role of the judge in reviewing the
implementation of this objective. The prime exemplar
of this development is the Supreme Administrative
Court of Greece, the Greek Council of State. The
Council has been engaged in dynamic methods of
constitutional and statutory interpretation and has
reshaped Greek environmental law. The Council's
judicial scrutiny may be deemed a very positive
development. It has pressed for the rationalization of
public policy and has prevented irreparable
environmental damage. Yet it has produced
institutional friction between the judicial and the
political branches and it may also give rise to some
legitimacy concerns. The line of demarcation between
the role of the judge and the role of the legislature in
implementing the constitution remains to be
determined.
James Joyce and the Eastern Orthodox Church
Authors: Schork R. J
Published: February 2007

James Joyce's appreciation of the music and ritual of Holy Week
embraced services at Eastern Orthodox churches. In Zürich during
the First World War he learned the rudiments of Modern Greek from
two comrades, both of them exiles from the Hellenic diaspora. His
basic language skills joined forces with his far-ranging imagination
and cosmic cultural curiosity--abetted by the Encyclopaedia
Britannica--to include occasional and invariably irreverent Orthodox
allusions in his fiction, especially Finnegans Wake. There the
Great Schism and parodies of credal formulas contribute to the
rivalry between the Mookse and the Gripes; Greek and Slavic
saints are turned topsy-turvy; hallowed theological terms reappear
in comic situations. All of these effects demonstrate that Joyce's
last liturgy of the words has a minor but distinct "arthouducks"
dimension.
Representations of Women in the Films of Pantelis Voulgaris: Akropole, The Stone Years, and The Engagement of Anna
Authors: Gounaridou Kiki
Published: February 2007

In his films, Pantelis Voulgaris attempts to inscribe female
identity within the social, historical, and cultural framework of
Greek society during the last five decades, if only to underline
the indeterminacy of such an inscription. The Engagement of Anna
(1972) explores the possibilities of female subjectivity within a culture
that is mainly dominated by male power relations, such as they were in
Greek society of the 1970s. In The Stone Years (1985), Eleni,
the woman protagonist, puts her mark on important historical events,
but her subjectivity remains questionable. In Akropole (1995),
female identity is constructed on the theatrical stage, as something
that can be performed but not necessarily lived or experienced. In
Voulgaris's films, the most successful woman is the one represented
on the stage of the theatre.
Gender, Professional, and Class Identities in Miss Director and Modern Cinderella
Authors: Kartalou Athena
Published: February 2007

Miss Director (1964) and Modern Cinderella (1965) are
two well-known romantic comedies from Greek popular cinema of the
1960s. This essay examines how the female protagonists of these two
films are represented in terms of changes in their self-awareness,
appearance, and idiolects. It explores the succession of occupational
and sexual roles which give rise to contradictions in their identities,
and it considers how time and space are disorganized in the working
lives of these women in such a way that their gender and professional
identities become categorically distinct. It concludes with an analysis
of the significance of social class as a factor in the way the heroines'
identities are constructed. The heroines in Miss Director and
Modern Cinderella do not share the same attitudes because they hold
different positions in the work place (one is a director and the other
is a secretary), and they have different social characteristics.
Odysseas Elytis and K.G. Karyotakis: I know him no longer. ..?
Authors: Koutrianou Elena
Published: February 2007

Although he often gave the impression that he rejected K.G. Karyotakis's
life-attitude and aesthetic choices, Odysseas Elytis assimilated the older
poet's achievements into his own poetry; he also embraced the deeper
vision of Karyotakis, a vision that the suicide poet did not manage to
maintain himself, defeated as he was by pain and sorrow. On a surface
level, Elytis is a son or, better yet, a younger brother of Karyotakis;
his "anxiety of influence" urged him against his older brother in an
"agon" that is very similar in character to the literary battles among
poets described by Harold Bloom. On a deeper level, and irrespective of
any considerations of influence or reaction to that influence,
Elytis's early poetry is distinctly marked by the poetic presence of
Karyotakis, and his later poetry shows his perfect assimilation of the
poetic achievements of the older poet into the system that constitutes
his own poetics.
Historians on Macedonian Imperialism and Alexander the Great
Authors: Demetriou Kyriacos N
Published: February 2007

The history of classical scholarship abounds with examples of
metaphors that function as organic links between past and present. As
vehicles for contemporary emulation or allies of particular moral and
political ideologies, interpretations of ancient life have mirrored
the anxieties and controversies of their times. Alexander the Great
has been a prominent figure in such historically contextualized
interpretations. A comparative study of the reception of this legendary
hero by two leading nineteenth-century historians, George Grote and
Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos, provides a platform for reflecting
on the influence that different versions of Hellenism have had on
the construction of historical narratives. Two contrasting Alexanders
emerge from the works of the Victorian radical and the Greek national
historiographer. Grote's Alexander was the deadly enemy of ancient
liberalism and conqueror of a glorious civilization that was never
to be resurrected. Paparrigopoulos's Alexander, in contrast, was a
national heroic ancestor who bridged the classical with the Byzantine
in the Hellenic world. In this form, Alexander emerged as a symbol of
national unity and his achievement became the historical analogue of
nation-building.
Why Did the "Varvaressos Experiment" Fail?
Authors: Lykogiannis Athanasios
Published: February 2007

After the liberation that ended World War II, successive Greek
governments did little to address the catastrophic mess caused by
the war and the ruthless exploitation by the Axis occupiers. In June
1945, a reform program to revive the economy was undertaken by Kyriakos
Varvaressos, the governor of the Bank of Greece, who, after a long period
of deliberate exclusion from government affairs, was co-opted into the
cabinet on British insistence. Varvaressos tried to update the country's
essentially laissez faire capitalism with the hasty introduction
of several aspects of state economic management. To tackle the causes of
inflation--rampant budget deficits, unequal distribution of
income, and severe shortages of goods--he imposed special taxes on the
rich, established a system of price controls, and attempted to enforce a
degree of official control over production and distribution. Despite
initial success, Varvaressos failed to achieve any of his major
objectives, as his policies provoked an avalanche of hostility from
powerful interest groups within Greek society. Using British, American,
and Greek archival sources, this article explains the nature and course
of the so-called "Varvaressos Experiment" and analyses the opposition
it aroused and the controversy surrounding its failure.
The Ruin of a Book: Jean Andre de Luc's Recherches sur les modifications de l'atmosphere (1772)
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph
Published: February 2007

Jean-Andr� de Luc's book has a long history. More than twenty years pass between the first barometrical observations of the Genevian natural philosopher Jean-Andr� de Luc and the publication of his "Recherches sur les modifications de l'atmosph�re" (1772) and for almost ten years the book remains "sous presse." The result forced the author, however, to comment on the misshapen "proportion" and poor "interwovenness" of his treatise. That de Luc could not comply to the rules of description, to which he felt obliged, was due to the unexpected dynamics of his investigation. In his search for the perfect barometer, he increasingly encountered new problems and questions, which eventually subverted the possibility of coming to an end once and for all. Thus we can already perceive the outward appearance of de Luc's "Recherches" as evidence for an eminent epistemological incident: what the ruin of a book unwillingly and unspokenly makes obvious, is the transition to a radically open, endless model of inquiry, that no longer knows one simple last reason.
Selection from Transit
Authors: Waberi Abdourahman A. , Thomas Dominic Richard David
Published: February 2007

A
selection from A. Waberi's novel, Transit (Paris: Gallimard, 2002) 7-12 in the original French and in a new
English translation by Dominc Thomas, introduced by a brief preface.
The Echo of an Impossible Future in The Literary Absolute
Authors: Hoolsema Daniel J
Published: February 2007

In The Literary Absolute, the authors narrowly define German Romanticism as Friedrich Schlegel's (et al's) Athenaeum Fragments, arguing that the Jena circle worked in this sensible, intuitional genre to complete the Kantian subject in a Darstellung of the subject's freedom. In the event, however, they encountered the free force of existence that radically unworked the very Work they strove to complete and left them speechless before the Ereignis they inaugurated. This book would repeat Romanticism, this time setting a proper measure on the experience of freedom: "d�s�vrement," Blanchot's interminable interruption that threatens Lacoue-Labarthe's and Nancy's entire program with utter ruin.
Adorno: Modern Art, Metaphysics and Radical Evil
Authors: Finlayson Gordon
Published: February 2007

The thesis is that the conception of radical evil holds the key to the problem of the normative grounds of Adorno's critical social theory. 1 & 2 show how Adorno dialectically inverts Hegel's ontotheology. 3 & 4 focus on the axiological dimension of this inversion. I argue that the shudder', which Adorno thinks modern art is uniquely apt to convey, is a negative counterpart to the metaphysical experience of 'wonder'. 5 & 6 show how the figure of Auschwitz establishes both the reality of social evil and the reliability of our experience of it. I conclude by reflecting on the significance of Adorno's favoured metaphor for the absent good.
Une Amitie litteraire: Chateaubriand et Dumas pere
Authors: Bassan Fernande
Published: February 2007

It seems surprising that two writers so far apart could have been friends: they were one generation apart; the first was a member of the nobility, supporter of Catholicism and the Bourbons, while the other - grandson of a Haitian slave - was not pious, and was a Republican. They differed also by their life-styles and careers. When they met in 1832, the older one was at the peak of his glory, while the younger had been famous for only three years. They met for the first time in Lucerne where they were both in temporary exile for political reasons: Chateaubriand had just been detained for two weeks in Paris, wrongly accused of supporting the Duchesse de Berry in a plot to overthrow King Louis-Philippe d'Orleans in favor of her son Henri, heir of the Bourbons; while Dumas had taken part in a Republican demonstration. Chateaubriand invited Dumas, and confessed that he remained faithful to the Bourbons by mere sense of duty, while not approving of their policy. Dumas, honored to be treated with confidence by his famous elder, was in awe to discover that they shared some political views. In 1840, Francois-Rene served as witness at the signing of the marriage contract of Alexandre and Ida Ferrier. When Chateaubriand died in 1848, Dumas devoted seven serial articles to his life and works, and noted that even Napoleon(his former enemy) spoke highly of him when he was exiled in Saint-Helena. (In French) (FB)
How Not to Speak of Incest: Atala and the Secrets of Speech
Authors: Bouvier Luke
Published: February 2007

The problem of incest in Atala (1801), framed by the rhetorical figure of preterition, reflects a more general enigma explored by Chateaubriand's writing: how to speak of the unspeakable, of that which must necessarily be kept silent; or conversely, how to avoid speaking of that about which one cannot help but speak? When analyzed in the light of Derrida's notions of the "gift of death," originary mourning, secrets and responsibility, the structure of symbolic incest between Atala and Chactas further reveals the unsettling paradoxes of the pure and the impure that define Atala's dilemma in the struggle to respect her vow of chastity. Ultimately, Chateaubriand's text reflects on these paradoxes in the form of an irremediable "linguistic taint," a "plague on speaking" that manifests itself through cryptic language and oblique signification symptomatic of melancholy. (LB)
Divine Images of Hysteria in Emile Zola's Lourdes
Authors: Comfort Kathleen Ann
Published: February 2007

In his late novel, Lourdes, Zola interweaves in a complex way his trademark medical descriptions with Catholic symbolism in order to depict the "mira-culous" healing of Marie de Guersaint, whose pilgrimage to the Shrine in Southern France lies at the center of the narrative. The reader acquainted with the "tare héréditaire" that plagues the Rougon-Macquart clan is not surprised to find that the same disorder, hysteria, is the source of the young woman's paralysis. Less expected, perhaps, is the prominence of metaphors drawn from popular Catholic belief, in particular, from the lives of Saints. Yet the convergence of hysteria and Catholic mysticism one finds in Lourdes accurately reflects a significant social phenomenon in late nineteenth-century France. Lourdes views the phenomenon of miraculous healing through the double optic of positivism and Catholic mysticism, drawing as much on Catholic lay representations of miracles as it does on clinical accounts of spontaneous recovery from psychosomatic illnesses. (KAC)
Telling Stories in Baudelaire's Spleen de Paris
Authors: Krueger Cheryl L
Published: February 2007

An analysis of representative texts shows that by sabotaging prose itself, Baudelaire tests the boundaries of both time and genre. "Le Mauvais vitrier" and "Portraits des ma�tresses," refer to "killing time," an equivocal notion signifying depleting the finite time of life, and abolishing time to attain infinity. This conundrum recalls the intrinsic paradox of any text called a prose poem. In these revealing works, the desire to arrest time parallels a tendency to manipulate temporal progression on the narrative plane. These story-laden prose poems elude time by resisting its progression within the very structure and discourse meant to advance it. (CK)
"Le Spectacle de la rue": Edmond de Goncourt and the Siege of Paris
Authors: Liston Mairi
Published: February 2007

This article examines the account of the fall of the Second Empire and
the Siege of Paris, contained in Edmond de Goncourt's Journal
(1851-96). It considers the Goncourt Journal as a text which
offers not only an aesthetic response to the urban experience, but also
an interpretation of the city in politically critical terms. Particular
attention is paid to the figure of the fl�neur, who emerges
as a significant urban subject during this period. The article concludes
by suggesting that Edmond's critique of the social, political and economic
failures of the Second Empire strongly anticipates Walter Benjamin's
later work on Paris and the commodity culture. (ML)
Emigrations of l'Art pour l'Art to America
Authors: Gosselin Schick Constance
Published: February 2007

The imitation and adaptation of Gautier's enamel-and-cameo poetics by
American poets, in particular by French Canadians and Latin Americans,
reveal the inherent craftiness of a poetic craft whose irrelevancies
and foreignness became relevant and local. By reviewing Octavio Paz's
analysis of el modernismo, and by examining the Premi�res
po�sies (1878) of the Qu�b�cois poet Eudore
Evanturel and the immediate rejection of this poetry by the literary
institution of his time and place, my study shows the slipperiness between
claims (or charges) of aesthetic autonomy, disengagement, complicity,
and opposition. (CGS)
Autobiography as Advertisement: Why Do Gertrude Stein's Sentences Get Under Our Skin?
Authors: Lenart-Cheng Helga
Published: February 2007

Autobiographers can manipulate not only public issues in an indirect, suggestive way, but their autobiographies can have a similarly decisive role in modifying public opinion concerning the values of their own art. We fall pray to these seemingly innocent self-promoting strategies, even though they often influence decisively our assessment of these authors-and ultimately our literary canons. By examining the autobiography of Gertrude Stein, The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas in light of a few accepted basics drawn from advertising, the present essay emphasizes the manipulative aspect of autobiographical writing by showing how the text of an autobiography can serve as a quite practical means to promote one's own art.
This Bridge Called NWSA
Authors: Gonzalez Maria C
Published: February 2007

Attempting to articulate an individual perspective on
NWSA (National Women's Studies Association), this personal narrative on
experiencing NWSA as a Latina lesbian of color presents an insider's
view of much of the work NWSA has done in the past fifteen years. It
also engages in a few of its controversies. The narrative includes
the experiences of a graduate student working with the founding of the
organization's journal, a member of the organization's final steering
committee before its shift to the new constitution approved in 1992,
and a consistent member of the officers of the organization. A part of
this essay also investigates how NWSA consistently struggles with its own
sense of identity, which makes it vulnerable to critics of its failure,
to meet the endless demands of its membership but also makes it a very
interesting intellectual space in which to participate.
More Reflexes of Proto-Oceanic *q in Vanuatu Languages
Authors: Lynch John , Crowley Terry
Published: February 2007

Although it has generally been assumed that Namakir is the only
Vanuatu language that has a phonemic reflex of Proto-Oceanic *q,
recent data collected from a number of languages in north-central
Malakula show that *q is also reflected there, though it is lost in quite
a number of words. Of interest is the fact that, in noninitial position,
*q merges with *k, usually as x; but in initial position, *q is reflected
as i, probably via intermediate y. We argue that these cases of initial i
are not prothetic but constitute "real" reflexes of *q, and we attempt
to explain the phonetics of the *q > i change. In doing so, we suggest
that these data provide further evidence that *q was probably a uvular
and not a glottal stop.
Sunlight at Southall Green: Dr. Ingen Housz Discovers Photosynthesis
Authors: Beale Norman , Beale Elaine
Published: February 2007

In the following fictitious conversation, Dr. Jan Ingen
Housz (1730- 1799), the Dutch physician and natural philosopher,
describes to William Temple Franklin (1760-1823), the grandson
of Benjamin Franklin, how in 1779 he discovered the paramount role of
sunlight in what we now call photosynthesis (Wiesner 1905; Van der Pas
1981; Reed 1949; Beale and Beale 1999). The two men, together with
the English law reformer Samuel Romilly, were dinner guests of the
First Marquis of Lansdowne at Lansdowne House on Wednesday 2 February
1791 (Bowood House Archives 1791). As far as possible we use their
own recorded words and phrases, employing surviving manuscripts as a
lexicon. Additional biographical and geographical details are provided
in an Appendix, and all sources are listed in the References.
Abraham Lincoln's Blue Pills: Did Our 16th President Suffer from Mercury Poisoning?
Authors: Hirschhorn Norbert , Feldman Robert G. , Greaves Ian
Published: February 2007

It is well known that Abraham Lincoln took a medicine called
"blue mass" or "blue pill," commonly prescribed in the 19th century. What
is now hardly known is that the main ingredient of blue mass was finely
dispersed elemental mercury. As his friends understood, mercury was often
prescribed for melancholy or "hypochondriasis," a condition Lincoln
famously endured. Mercury in the form of the blue pill is a potential
neurotoxin, which we have demonstrated by recreating and testing the
recipe. We present the testimony of many of Lincoln's contemporaries
to suggest that Lincoln suffered the neurobehavioural consequences of
mercury intoxication but, perhaps crucial to history, before
the main years of his presidency; he was astute enough to recognize the
effects and stop the medication soon after his inauguration.
Private Wealth and Public Health: A Critique of Richard Epstein's Defense of the "Old" Public Health
Authors: Novak William J.
Published: February 2007

This article is a response to Richard Epstein's recent
legal and economic critiques of contemporary public health law. The
power of Epstein's critical position stems from the convergence
of three problems, each with distinctive intellectual histories:
(1) an age-old debate within political liberalism about the proper
relationship of individual right and state power; (2) a somewhat
more recent biomedical policy contest over the necessary scale and
scope of public health interventions in modern societies; and (3) an
ongoing legal-jurisprudential argument about the overall trajectory
and implications of American constitutional history. My critique of
Epstein's position follows this same tripartite format, moving from an
initial discussion of the history of liberalism to the history of public
health and, finally, to a critique of Epstein's general legal history
of state regulation in America.
The Abduction of Vagueness: Interpreting the Laozi
Authors: Coutinho Steve
Published: February 2007

The role of vagueness in the Laozi is explored by investigating its connection
with "process." First, a hermeneutic methodology is developed and adopted,
derived from PeirceÕs notion of "abduction." Second, this notion is analyzed,
and several distinctive characteristics, or "traces," of vagueness are identified. Third, evidence of these traces in the text of the Laozi is collected, with
comments on their significance in the Daoist context.
Time and the Academic Librarian
Authors: Brown Jeanne M
Published: February 2007

In order for academic librarians to balance time
requirements for research, service and job duties they need a keen
sense of where their time is allocated. Although the literature gives
some idea of average time allocated, a more detailed view is obtained
through examination of one librarian's seven-year accumulation of daily
time logs. The log as a method for achieving balance and the goal of
balance itself are explored.
Reference 2001: A Director's Admonitions
Authors: Seal Robert A
Published: February 2007

Reflections on professional roles and responsibilities
are explored, as well as the opportunities and challenges facing academic
reference librarians. The information environment has been transformed by
technology and the Web, and will continue its exponential change. What's
coming? What endures? How will we thrive? Whatever approach we take,
it is essential to remember that maintaining the status quo is not good
enough to meet the changing needs and expectations of library clientele.
"Zones of Tolerance" in Perceptions of Library Service Quality: A LibQUAL+ Study
Authors: Cook Colleen , Heath Fred M. , Thompson Bruce
Published: February 2007

One of the two major ways of interpreting LibQUAL+TM data involves placing perceived service quality ratings within the "zones of tolerance" defined as the distances between minimally-acceptable and desired service quality levels. The present study compared the zones of tolerance on the 25 LibQUAL+TM items across undergraduate, graduate student and faculty groups, and across institution types (i.e., community college, health science setting, four-year non-ARL university, and four-year ARL university). These data were generated during the 2002, third-phase of the LibQUAL+TM study. Data were provided by 63,285 students and faculty.
"Vessels and Voyagers: Some Thoughts on Reading and Writing, Books and Libraries"
Authors: Werking Richard Hume
Published: February 2007

This travelogue is intended as a reminder of certain fundamental matters specified or implied in the title. Readers will quickly discern that it was written for oral presentation; that tone is retained here intentionally. An earlier version of the essay was delivered as the keynote address at the third annual Timberline Acquisitions Institute, Mt. Hood, Oregon, in May 2002. It was dedicated to the memory of Kathryn A. Soupiset, the author's colleague and friend, who was the longtime Head of Acquisitions at Trinity University.
Enhanced Resource Sharing Through Group Interlibrary Loan Best Practices: A Conceptual, Structural, and Procedural Approach
Authors: Leon Lars E , DeWeese June L , Kochan Carol Ann , Peterson-Lugo Billie , Zillig Brian L. Pytlik
Published: February 2007

Members of the Greater Western Library Alliance
Interlibrary Loan Committee have spent more than two years developing
a Best Practices model for Interlibrary Borrowing and Lending for
consortia and local operations. The model includes the practices to be
followed, a monitoring plan, and a process for regular evaluation. The
GWLA Interlibrary Loan Committee has not yet determined the regular
evaluation process, including the timeline. We anticipate that process
being established in Spring 2003.
Monothematic Delusions: Towards a Two-Factor Account
Authors: Davies Martin , Coltheart Max , Langdon Robyn , Breen Nora
Published: February 2007

We provide a battery of examples of delusions against which
theoretical accounts can be tested. Then we identify neuropsychological
anomalies that could produce the unusual experiences that may lead, in
turn, to the delusions in our battery. However, we argue against Maher's
view that delusions are false beliefs that arise as normal responses
to anomalous experiences. We propose, instead, that a second factor
is required to account for the transition from unusual experience to
delusional belief. The second factor in the etiology of delusions can be
described superficially as a loss of the ability to reject a candidate
for belief on the grounds of its implausibility and its inconsistency
with everything else that the patient knows, but we point out some
problems that confront any attempt to say more about the nature of this
second factor.
Entelechial and Reformative Symbolic Trajectories in Contemporary Conservatism: A Case Study of Reagan and Buchanan in Houston and Beyond
Authors: Rowland Robert C. , Jones John A
Published: February 2007

This essay uses a close analysis of addresses by former President Ronald
Reagan and Pat Buchanan at the 1992 Republican National Convention to
sketch two possible trajectories for contemporary conservatism. The
trajectory apparent in the Buchanan speech leads toward anti-government
extremism, while that in Reagan's address ironically leads back to
traditional liberalism. Implications for the status of conservatism and
for the process of rhetorical analysis are developed.
The Rhetorical Structure of Frances E. Willard's Campaign for Woman Suffrage, 1876-1896
Authors: Slagell Amy R.
Published: February 2007

Late-nineteenth century reformer Frances E. Willard carried out an
impressive incremental campaign to persuade Woman's Christian Temperance
Union members and others in the evangelical Christian community to
support woman suffrage. Willard's commitment to the ballot and even to
temperance was more means than end however, since she believed that when
women joined together to work they came to a realization of their own
powers that could simultaneously transform the world and themselves.
The Tragic Science: The Uses of Jimmy Carter in Foreign Policy Realism
Authors: Kraig Robert Alexander
Published: February 2007

Since the end of the Cold War, there have been a growing
number of attempts to reassess political realism—the dominant
paradigm of international relations in the United States since World War
II. This article seeks to shed light on the possibility of a paradigm
shift by assessing the rhetoric the realists used to head off the last
serious challenge to their hegemony over American foreign policy thought
and practice—Jimmy Carter's human rights policy. The narrative
of Carter's failed foreign policy, as constructed by a wide range
of international relations theorists and historians, has the generic
constituents of a tragedy. The realist account of Carter reveals the
paradigm's rhetorical strength, its resistance to other perspectives,
and its stark philosophical implications for the possibility of a more
humane world order.
Narrative Coherence and Antecedent Ethos in the Rhetoric of Attack Advertising: A Case Study of the Glendening vs. Sauerbrey Campaign
Authors: Sheckels Theodore F
Published: February 2007

Attack advertising dominated the 1998 Maryland gubernatorial campaign
between Parris Glendening and Ellen Sauerbrey. Those who have studied
negative advertising have established its importance; furthermore,
they have established much of its rhetoric, noting many of the crucial
characteristics of the audio-visual text. Absent from that rhetoric is
a clear sense of how such advertising works in conjunction with the
preexisting narratives and antecedent ethos/images of candidates. An
analysis of the advertisements used by Glendening and Sauerbrey in the
1998 Maryland campaign suggests the importance of coherence with the
preexisting narratives and antecedent ethos in these ads' rhetorical
effectiveness.
"The Domain of Public Conscience": Woodrow Wilson and the Establishment of a Transcendent Political Order
Authors: Stuckey Mary E
Published: February 2007

Through rhetoric that depended upon universalizing specific and limited definitions of certain principles and denying the validity of others, Wilson defined what in Burkean terms is a transcendent order. In Wilson's rhetoric, particulars were subsumed in universals, differences were encompassed within similarities, and exclusions were surrounded and thus masked by apparent inclusions.
Toward a Theory of Fund Raising in Higher Education
Authors: Lasher William F , Cook W. Bruce
Published: February 2007

Fund raising has played a prominent role in the history of American
higher education and long been a central function of the academic
presidency. Today fund raising provides support for more areas of
higher education than ever before, and academic chief executives
are increasingly expected or required to take an active role in
procuring and stewarding private gifts for their institutions. This
research was the first study of this phenomenon that is both
national in scope and theory generating. The authors identified the
key variables or prerequisites which determine fund-raising
outcomes and formulated theoretical models which explain,
respectively, the fund-raising process and presidential fund raising
in higher education.
The Search for Cultural Leaders
Authors: Kempner Kenneth Marc
Published: February 2007

This study explores how a select group of retired community college presidents
constructed their concepts of themselves as leaders. Through in-depth
interviews these former presidents mapped the course of their leadership
through seven critical approaches: empowering, energizing, healing, inspiring,
revealing, cultivating, and humanizing the organization and its participants.
From these former leaders we understand further that the quest for
cultural leadership is a philosophical one, not simply a managerial one.