bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of Yarn Unwinding from Cylindrical Packages. Part II: The Three-Region Analysis
Authors: Ma Xiaofeng , Ghosh Tushar K. , Batra Subhash K.
Published: April 2011

In Part II of this series [2], we analyze the three-region problem. The formulation constitutes an integrated analysis of the three regions, which permits a study of the yarn path and related tension distributions for unwind points away from the two ends of the package. The numerical solutions presented reveal a very complex interaction between several of the nondimensional parameters characteristic of the problem. The complexity arises from the problem's nonlinear nature, whose solutions exhibit a bifurcation phenomenon and consequent inherent instabilities. In brief, we argue that heuristic discussions about the physics of the problem in dimensional space can be extremely misleading.
Cathodic Reduction of CI Acid Red 27 and CI Reactive Black 5—Basic Investigations of Decoloration of Textile Waste Water
Authors: Bechtold T. , Burtscher E. , Turcanu A.
Published: April 2011

Reductive decoloration of CI Acid Red 27 and CI Reactive Black 5 is achieved by cathodic electron transfer. The stoichiometry of the dyestuff reduction is studied with redox titrations using an Fe(II)-TEA complex as the reducing agent. CI Acid Red 27 is reduced to the corresponding amines at room temperature, while full reduction of CI Reactive Black 5 is observed first at elevated temperatures. In potentiostatic reduction experiments, CI Acid Red 27 is decolorized with an uptake of 4e-. CI Reactive Black 5 can be readily decolorized by cathodic electron transfer. The reaction proceeds via relatively stable hydrazo intermediates. Investigations with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic batch electrolysis experiments indicate that the rate of decoloration with CI Reactive Black 5 depends somewhat on transport processes in the diffusion layer of the cathode, but is limited by a preceding chemical equilibrium.
Laboratory Test Methods to Measure Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticides Through Protective Clothing. Part I: Comparison of Three Test Methods
Authors: Shaw Anugrah , Cohen Eva , Hinz Torsten , Herzig Birgit
Published: April 2011

In the last three decades, different test methods have been used to assess the level of protection provided by various textile materials against liquid pesticide penetration. Of these, the ISO 6350/EN368 gutter test is currently used to screen garment materials for certification of type 6 personal protective equipment (PPE) in Europe. The atomizer test method developed in Germany is used to evaluate the performance of PPE marketed there. In addition, a pipette method is being proposed as an American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) test method in the United States. This study compares the three test methods and determines the suitability of these methods for screening protective clothing materials against liquid pesticides. Six fabrics selected to represent the woven and nonwoven fabrics used while handling and spraying pesticides are contaminated with dilute pesticide formulations following the three test methods. Repellency, pesticide retention, and penetration characteristics of the test materials are measured. The results indicate that the evaluation of fabric performance is affected by the test method.
Recovery of Surface Properties of Damaged Wool Fibers
Authors: Baba Takeichiro , Nagasawa Norio , Ito Hiraku , Yaida Osamu , Miyamoto Takeaki
Published: April 2011

We attempt to recover the surface properties of wool fibers damaged by physical and/or chemical treatment. For this purpose, two kinds of damaged wool fabric samples are prepared, one damaged by corona discharge treatment and the other oxidized with dichloroisocyanuric acid. We confirm that these treatments decrease the content of covalently bound fatty acids and change the fiber surface properties. To recover the surface properties of damaged wool, a fatty acid chloride, stearoyl chloride, is used to treat both damaged samples. The content of covalently bound fatty acids in treated samples recovers to some degree, and the surface characteristics of the treated wool fibers also recover from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. We also evaluate some mechanical properties with the KES-FB method, and we find they recover almost to the level of the original wool fabric sample.
Modeling and Studying Yarn Dynamic Behavior
Authors: Legrand Xavier , Bruniaux Pascal , Vasseur Christian
Published: April 2011

The first section of this paper presents the objectives of our research team in investigating fabric modeling. We show why it is necessary to model yarns before modeling fabrics. In order to integrate the yarn model into the fabric model, we define an adapted yarn geometry, then we describe the yarn model. This model is a system of juxtaposed bars integrating yarn dynamic behavior. Selected dynamic components of the model are traction, bending, air viscous friction, and mass, leading to defined specific coefficients for each component. Finally, we present a detailed analysis of the parameters influencing yarn bending or falling. The aim of this work is to sensitize ourselves to the influence of each parameter on falling and to check the yarn model. For that, starting from an initial vector of parameters, each component of this vector is separately varied, and the effect on the dynamic behavior of falling yarns is observed.
Effect of Physical Processing on the Wool Fiber Surface
Authors: Brack N. , Lamb R. N. , Pham D. , Phillips T. , Turner P.
Published: April 2011

Wool fibers are subjected to severe mechanical processing following scouring, which results in physical damage. This study investigates the role of physical processing in changing the physical and chemical properties of the fibers. Removal of surface-bound lipids following physical processing is minimal, but there are significant morphological changes related to an increase in the chemical susceptibility of the fibers to chemical attack. The finding is demonstrated by the more effective removal of bound lipids from fibers in the form of top than from aqueous scoured fibers.
Color of Enzyme-Retted Flax Fibers Affected by Processing, Cleaning, and Cottonizing
Authors: Epps Helen H. , Akin Danny E. , Foulk Jonn A. , Dodd Roy B.
Published: April 2011

Twenty-seven samples representing variations of retted flax fibers are analyzed using a color spectrophotometer and CIELAB models. Variables included enzyme or dew retting, fiber or seed flax, enzyme and chelator concentrations, and sequential cleaning steps. In addition to differences in color with enzyme or dew retting, the variables involved in enzyme retting also contribute to differences in the lightness, redness-greenness, and yellowness-blueness of the resulting fibers. Dew retted fiber flax, as well as seed flax that has weathered during storage prior to enzyme retting, is significantly darker than non-weathered, enzyme retted fiber flax. Pairwise comparisons show that lower enzyme concentrations (0.05% v/v as commercially supplied) produce redder and yellower fiber samples than those retted with higher (0.3% v/v) enzyme levels. Higher chelator levels, ( i.e., 50 versus 25 mmol ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) produce redder fibers. Fiber lightness significantly increases with additional cleaning steps. Results indicate that objective color measurements and color standards can define important fiber properties in order to tailor raw materials for specific industrial applications.
Mechanical Behavior of Irregular Fibers. Part II: Nonlinear Tensile Behavior
Authors: He Weiyu , Wang Xungai , Zhang Shaorui
Published: April 2011

To further our study of the linear tensile behavior of irregular fibers, in this paper we examine the nonlinear tensile behavior of irregular fibers. As before, we simulate the fiber dimensional irregularities with sine waves of different magnitude and frequency, and report results on the tensile behavior and gauge length effect of the simulated fibers.
Relationship Between Fiber and Yarn Strength
Authors: Pan Ning , Hua Tao , Qiu Ylping
Published: April 2011

A theoretical approach is adopted in this paper based on the existing literature in order to present an explicit relationship between the strengths of fibers and yarns. This provides a relatively simple method for quick estimation of staple yarn strength, while avoiding some limitations of an empirical method. The CV values of the strengths are given as well. The effects of important factors such as fiber variation, fiber length and thickness, yarn twist, and yarn packing density are considered, and some are discussed in detail. The results are verified by previously published data.
Fuzzy Self-Organizing and Neural Network Control of Sliver Linear Density in a Drawing Frame
Authors: Huang Chang-Chiun , Chang Kuo-Tung
Published: April 2011

This paper presents an experimental study of fuzzy self-organizing and neural network control in developing an autoleveling system with a drawing frame. Without the need of modeling, both control strategies can cope with nonlinear or very complex processes, even when subject to random disturbances such as drafting processes. In fuzzy self-organizing control, control rules to improve sliver irregularities are constructed in the basic fuzzy control level. The self-organizing scheme is able to improve the rules automatically. A three-layer neural network model, which approximates the process, is used to compute the Jacobian matrix, which is needed in training the weights and thresholds on-line with the neural network controller. In a laboratory scale of the drawing frame with two drafting zones and two-sliver doubling, the draft ratio is adjustable by regulating the speed of the middle roller. Levelness performance is evaluated by the CV% of sliver products. The experimental results show that both controllers are effective in reducing the CV%, and the neural network controller yields more level slivers than the fuzzy self-organizing controller.
Emodin and Dermocybin Natural Anthraquinones as Mordant Dyes for Wool and Polyamide
Authors: Räisänen Rlikka , Nousiainen Pertti , Hynninen Paavo H.
Published: April 2011

Wool and polyamide are dyed with the pure natural anthraquinones, emodin and dermocybin, using the mordant dyeing technique. The anthraquinones are isolated from the fungus Dennocybe sanguined. Potassiumaluminum sulphate, potassium dichromate, cobaltous sulphate, and ferrous sulphate are used as mordants. The color of each dyed material is investigated in terms of the Cielab L*, a*, and b* values, and color-fastnesses to light, washing, and rubbing are tested according to the ISO standards. Emodin dyes wool and polyamide yellow and red, whereas dermocybin confers purple and violet colors with color-fastness properties from good to moderate. Our procedure is facile and may be considered equivalent to the winch technique. The results show that wool and polyamide have a high uptake for the pure natural anthraquinones. These compounds have significant potential for new dyeing techniques, and they can provide useful alternatives to synthetic dyes.
Applying a Fuzzy Gain-Scheduled PID Controller to Dyebath pH
Authors: Huang Chang-Chiun , Yu Wen-Hong
Published: April 2011

One of the factors critical to dyeing levelness in the textile industry is pH control, but it is a difficult problem because of inherent nonlinearity and changing process dynamics. The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller has been widely used in industry. Conventional fixed gains are hard to achieve with dyebath pH control, since it is difficult to model the process and the scheme is not adaptive to time-varying characteristics. Thus, a fuzzy gain-scheduled PID controller is promising for dyebath pH control because of its self-adaptation and robustness. The control scheme uses fuzzy rules and reasoning to autotune PID gains without the need of modeling. A modification to overcome the difficulty in finding the ranges of gains for stability is proposed. Simplified dyeing experiments demonstrate that the proposed controller can track pH set values under the influence of temperature rise, residual alkali, etc.
Variations of Mature Cotton Fiber Tensile Properties: Association with Seed Position and Fiber Length
Authors: Liu Jihua , Yang Hongbo , Hsieh You-Lo
Published: April 2011

Variations in single fiber tensile properties of mature cotton fibers are investigated with respect to their association with seed positions and fiber-length groups within individual locules. Fibers from five varieties representing four cultivated cotton species ( G. herbeceum, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense) are included in this study. With the exception of G. arboreum, breaking forces, toughness, and linear density are highly dependent on the seed position in the locule, and the dependence is especially high for G. herbeceum and G. barbadense. Fibers from seeds located closer to the main stem have higher breaking forces and linear densities, indicating their association with the distribution of nutrition resources. The relationships between single fiber tensile properties and fiber lengths vary among these cotton species. Breaking force and tenacity are independent of fiber length for G. barbadense, whereas fiber-length dependence is positive for G. herbeceum and G. arboreum, and there is a negative trend for the Maxxa variety of G. hirsutum. For G. herbeceum and G. arboreum, longer fibers have higher breaking forces, whereas the opposite is true for Maxxa. Single fiber breaking elongation decreases with increasing fiber length for all except G. barbadense. Overall variations of single fiber tensile properties are associated more strongly with the seed position in the locule than with the fiber length.
Failure Mechanism in Staple Yarns
Authors: Cybulska Maria , Goswami Bhuvenesh C. , MacAlister David
Published: April 2011

The failure mechanism in staple yarns is strongly influenced by yarn structure. Manufacturing methods impose certain constraints on the disposition and distribution of fibers in the yarn cross section. This paper investigates the failure mechanism in ring, rotor, air-jet, and vortex yarns. The yarns are subjected to uniaxial loading on a tensile tester, and images of the yarns before and after breaking are recorded. Image analysis of the failure regions yields some interesting features and reveals typical mechanisms occurring in different yarn structures. The failure mechanism in each yarn type is discussed in terms of some basic parameters characteristic of the structure.
Thermal and Burning Behavior of Naturally Colored Cotton
Authors: Parmar M. S. , Chakraborty M.
Published: April 2011

Naturally colored camel brown and olive green cottons are cultivated and their physical properties studied. The ash content of these cottons is higher than for J-34 white cotton, due to the presence of more heavy metals. The limited oxygen index value of naturally colored cottons is also higher than for white cotton, which makes its flammability poor. A DSC study to determine thermal behavior clearly indicates that the breakdown of white cotton into hemicellulose and cellulose and volatilization of the degradation product is complete at around 370°C, while for the brown and green cottons, devolatilization is complete at around 390°C.
Automatic pattern recognition and color separation of embroidery fabrics
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey , Hsu Chien-Tung Max , Shih Chung-Yang
Published: April 2011

Currently, there is very little literature on automatic image recognition and classification of embroidery fabrics. In today’s embroidery industry, front-end pattern-making still relies greatly on labor, using pattern-making software to carefully depict patterns and images in different colors and regions. Hence, an image analysis system that can recognize colors, regions and patterns automatically is a critical technique of improving the competitiveness of the embroidery industry. In this paper, the mean filtering method, central-weighted median filtering method and morphological operation were employed to filter out the light variation on the embroidery fabric surface structure, and a genetic algorithm was applied to distinguish images of repeat pattern embroidery from that of nonrepeat pattern embroidery. If it is a repeat pattern, then a much smaller sized subimage would be searched in the original image for the same color components and spatial structure, which could lower the computing load of the entire image greatly and is expected to achieve the processing speed required in an online real-time system. As for nonrepeat pattern embroidery images, discrete wavelet transform was applied to acquire low-frequency subimages, which can retain important image features while improving the computing efficiency. Be it a repeat or nonrepeat pattern, after obtaining subimages, specific criteria were used to determine the exact number of clusters, and the weighted fuzzy C-means method was employed to run color separation and region separation. The experiment proved that, in regard to the color embroidery images of repeat and nonrepeat patterns, the method proposed in this paper succeeded in color and region separations with good result.
Development of weaving technology for manufacturing three-dimensional spacer fabrics with high-performance yarns for thermoplastic composite applications: An analysis of two-dimensional mechanical properties
Authors: Mountasir Adil , Hoffmann Gerald , Cherif Chokri
Published: April 2011

This article focuses on the improved strength and stiffness of woven three-dimensional (3D) spacer fabrics used in fiber-reinforced plastics. The spacer fabrics were manufactured using E-glass/polypropylene (GF/PP) hybrid yarns and are intended for lightweight engineering applications. The two-dimensional (2D) woven fabrics used for the outer layers of 3D spacer fabrics were produced from GF/PP hybrid yarns with different yarn alignments and weft densities. Furthermore, the implemented hybrid yarns and the 2D composites constructed of multi-layer fabrics were tested for mechanical properties. The processing of the GF/PP hybrid yarn, as well as the geometry of the woven fabrics, is proven to strongly influence the mechanical properties of the end composites. Multi-layer fabrics can be used for manufacturing woven 3D spacer fabrics with minimal yarn damage and high mechanical properties.
Poker, Sports Betting, and Less Popular Alternatives
Authors: DiCicco-Bloom Benjamin , Romer Daniel
Published: April 2011

The authors argue that the recent increase in poker play among adolescent males in the United States was primarily attributable to high-status male youth who are more able to organize informal gambling games (e.g., poker and sports betting) than are low-status male youth who are left to gamble on formal games (e.g., lotteries and slot machines). Using participation in sports as a proxy for status, the authors test the prediction that male athletes were more likely to engage in informal gambling and were largely responsible for the recent and much-discussed poker craze among adolescents. These and related predictions are supported using data from consecutive cross-sectional surveys of American youth from 2002 to 2008. Despite their social status, however, male youth engaging in informal gambling are more at risk for gambling problems than are those engaging in formal gambling. The authors discuss the dilemmas that their findings present for the prevention of problem gambling in young people.
Expectations, Fears, and Strategies
Authors: Clinkinbeard Samantha S. , Zohra Tusty
Published: April 2011

The current article explores the possible selves, or future expectations, of 543 incarcerated juvenile offenders in four Western states in the United States. We argue that juveniles who are able to articulate future expectations and fears and generate concrete strategies for achieving their goals have higher levels of motivational capital (i.e., resources which provide momentum for behavior) and thus greater readiness for transitioning back into society. We found that a majority of juveniles were able to articulate simple expectations about the future; however, less than a quarter recognized the relationship between hopes and fears and connected them to concrete strategies. Findings did not differ significantly according to race or gender. We point to a need for juvenile corrections to work with all youth to construct plausible reentry plans. Furthermore, we suggest that research is needed to compare postincarceration success of youth with varying levels of motivational capital.
Dutch Adolescents’ Tolerance of Practices by Muslim Actors
Authors: Gieling Maike , Thijs Jochem , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: April 2011

This research, conducted in the Netherlands, examines whether native adolescents’ tolerance of practices by Muslim immigrants (e.g., the founding of Islamic schools) is affected by the type of considerations (e.g., educational freedom vs. integration of Muslims in Dutch society). Using an experimental questionnaire design ( N = 970), the findings show that adolescents (13-17 years) became less tolerant when considerations against these practices were presented, whereas tolerance was not affected by considerations in favor of the practices. In addition, the level of tolerance of adolescents who strongly identified as Dutch was not affected by the different considerations, but lower identifiers were less tolerant when considerations against the practices were given. The effects of the different considerations did not differ for age and for educational level. The implications of this research for improving adolescent’s tolerance of practices by Muslim actors are discussed.
Non-unionized young workers and organizing the unorganized
Authors: Tailby Stephanie , Pollert Anna
Published: April 2011

Young workers are concentrated in low-waged, poorly organized industries. Although poorly unionized, evidence suggests that they are positively predisposed towards unions. Most research on youth and unionization is attitudinal, however, with little evidence on the kinds of problems they face and how they respond. This article contributes findings from a British survey in 2004 of 501 low-paid, unorganized workers and focuses on two groups of young workers: those between 16 and 21 years and those aged between 22 and 29 years. It shows commonalities and contrasts between these age groups in terms of typical workplace, types of problems encountered, responses to them, including collective action, views on trade union support and likelihood to join as a result of grievances. The older group is more active individually and collectively towards resolving problems at work. Yet both youth groups are as keen, or more so, on trade union help, than the wider sample.
Non-union employee representation, union avoidance and the managerial agenda
Authors: Donaghey Jimmy , Cullinane Niall , Dundon Tony , Dobbins Tony
Published: April 2011

Non-union employee representation is an area which has attracted much interest in the voice literature. Much of the literature has been shaped by a dialogue which considers NERs as a means of union avoidance. More recently however scholars have suggested that for NERs to work in such contexts, they may need to be imbued with a higher set of functionalities to remain viable entities. Using a critical case study of a union recognition drive and managerial response in the form of an NER, this article contributes to a more nuanced interpretation of the literature dialogue than hitherto exists. A core component of the findings directly challenge existing interpretations within the field; namely that NERs are shaped by a paradox of managerial action. It is argued that the NER failed to satisfy for employees because of a structural remit, rather than through any paradox in managerial intent.
How Are Adherent People More Likely to Think? A Meta-Analysis of Health Beliefs and Diabetes Self-Care
Authors: Gherman Amfiana , Schnur Julie , Montgomery Guy , Sassu Raluca , Veresiu Ioan , David Daniel
Published: April 2011

Purpose

Diabetes is increasingly prevalent, and nonadherence with diabetes treatment regimens is associated with physical and social costs. Psychological predictors of adherence have been investigated in the literature, including cognitive factors. The present meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between beliefs related to diabetes and adherence to diabetes regimens.

Methods

Studies that measured both (a) beliefs, perceptions, or cognitions about diabetes and (b) the relationship between such cognitive factors and blood glucose levels or other adherence behaviors were included. This research focused on adults with any type of diabetes, reaching a final sample of 48 studies. The effect size r was calculated for all types of beliefs and outcomes.

Results

The types of beliefs most strongly associated with adherence were self-efficacy, perceiving a positive relationship with physician, and beliefs about the personal consequences of adherence. A few limitations of this meta-analysis are that studies were only retrieved through databases and other sources were not searched, only articles in English were included, and only adult participants were included.

Conclusions

People who are more adherent have a higher level of confidence in their ability to follow medical recommendations, expect more meaningful positive consequences for adherence, and perceive a more positive relationship with their health care provider. Educators and clinicians could use cognitive restructuring techniques to facilitate these types of beliefs and perceptions in people with diabetes.
Education practitioner-led intervention to facilitate language learning in young children: An effectiveness study
Authors: Hutchinson Jane , Clegg Judy
Published: April 2011

In the UK there is much concern about the educational progress of children from areas of significant social disadvantage entering primary school with impoverished language skills. These children are not routinely referred to speech and language therapy services and therefore education practitioners in schools deliver intervention to facilitate their language learning. The evidence base to support these interventions is small and more needs to be known about their effectiveness. However, evaluating such interventions in an educational context can be challenging due to limited opportunities and resources. The study evaluated small-group language intervention for Key Stage 1 children with impoverished language delivered by trained education practitioners in schools. Children receiving the language intervention were compared to a matched comparison group not receiving the intervention. Baselines of receptive and expressive language ability were taken pre-intervention and post-intervention using standardized language assessments. The intervention consisted of eight sessions delivered over eight weeks by trained education practitioners. The children in the intervention group made significant gains in their expressive language compared to the comparison group in the length and complexity of their utterances. Neither the intervention group nor the comparison group made any gains in their receptive language. This effectiveness study showed that small-group language intervention for children with impoverished language delivered by trained education practitioners in schools is effective in facilitating children’s expressive language. It is proposed that education practitioners would benefit from more knowledge of children’s speech, language and communication development and training in how to assess and measure these skills in young children appropriately in a school context.
Bounding an emerging technology: Para-scientific media and the Drexler-Smalley debate about nanotechnology
Authors: Kaplan Sarah , Radin Joanna
Published: April 2011

‘Nanotechnology’ is often touted as a significant emerging technological field. However, determining what nanotechnology means, whose research counts as nanotechnology, and who gets to speak on behalf of nanotechnology is a highly political process involving constant negotiation with significant implications for funding, legislation, and citizen support. In this paper, we deconstruct a high-profile moment of controversy about nanotechnology’s possibilities: a debate between K. Eric Drexler and Richard Smalley published as a ‘point—counterpoint’ feature in 2003 in Chemical & Engineering News. Rather than treat the debate as a stand-alone episode of scientific controversy, we seek to understand the forces that enabled it to be seen as such an episode. We introduce the term ‘para-scientific’ media to make explicit how certain forms of publication intervene in the dissemination of technical knowledge as it travels beyond its supposed site of production. The existence of para-scientific media is predicated on intimate association with formalized channels of scientific publication, but they also seek to engage other cultures of expertise. Through this lens, we show that Drexler and Smalley were not only independent entrepreneurs enrolling Chemical & Engineering News as a site of boundary work; members of the para-scientific media actively enrolled Drexler and Smalley as part of a broader effort to simplify a complex set of uncertainties about nanotechnology’s potential into two polarized views. In this case study, we examine received accounts of the debate, describe the boundary work undertaken by Drexler and Smalley to shape the path of nanotechnology’s emergence, and unpack the boundary work of the para-scientific media to create polarizing controversy that attracted audiences and influenced policy and scientific research agendas. Members of the para-scientific media have been influential in bounding nanotechnology as a field-in-tension by structuring irreconcilable dichotomies out of an ambiguous set of uncertainties. We conclude with thoughts about the implications of this case study for studies of science communication, institutional entrepreneurship and the ethics of emerging technologies.
Effects of Personality on Psychiatric and Somatic Symptoms in Pregnant Women
Authors: Puente Cecilia Peñacoba , Monge Francisco Javier Carmona , Abellán Isabel Carretero , Morales Dolores Marín
Published: April 2011

The authors examined the effects of personality and pregnancy worries on pregnant women’s mental and physical health with 154 women in the first half of their gestational period. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect information about control variables, sociodemographic (age, educational level, and work), and pregnancy variables (previous miscarriages, weeks of gestation, and planned pregnancy). Personality was measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, pregnancy worries by the Cambridge Worry Scale, psychiatric clinical symptomatology using the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), and physical symptomatology with the Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy Instrument. Significant relations were observed between pregnancy worries, the traits of agreeableness and neuroticism, and all the SCL-90-R dimensions. The analyses revealed a direct effect of neuroticism and agreeableness on pregnancy worries. Pregnancy worries mediated the effects of both neuroticism and agreeableness on interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and paranoid ideation. Worries were found not to have mediating effects between personality and somatic symptomatology. These results suggest that neuroticism exerts a negative effect on the psychological health of pregnant women, whereas agreeableness has a positive effect (both as a direct effect and as an indirect effect mediated by pregnancy worries). These findings have important practical implications regarding the planning of health care programs for pregnant women: Specifically, health professionals must take personality into account as a potential determinant of pregnant women’s health, not only for the prevention of risks (in the case of neuroticism) but also for promoting health (in the case of agreeableness).
The Pluralism Debate in Heterodox Economics
Authors: Lee Frederic S.
Published: April 2011

The discourse in the pluralism debate in heterodox economics concludes that contested inquiry does not exist in economics and that heterodox economics is not an alternative to mainstream economics. This article responds to this claim and concludes pluralism is about promoting the right to have distinctly different theories and contested inquiry in economics.

JEL classification: B40, B50
Pluralism, Heterodoxy, and the Rhetoric of Distinction
Authors: Mearman Andrew
Published: April 2011

The paper addresses the arguments made by Frederic Lee on heterodoxy and pluralism. It argues that the definitions of mainstream and heterodox, and consequently the differences between them, are highly problematic. Specifically it challenges Lee’s characterizations of mainstream and heterodox economics as noncomparable. Attempts to contrast them starkly are part of a rhetoric of distinction which may be problematic. Thus, Lee’s concept of intellectual pluralism may be weaker than it seems, because it is based on distinction and its tolerance, rather than an embrace of diversity. Further, both theoretical and intellectual pluralism may be based on wider epistemological and ontological grounds and thus Lee’s distinction between them may also be problematic. Sheila Dow’s structured pluralism may be a more productive way of embracing difference.

JEL classification: B40, B5
Study on dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties of the ethylene vinyl acetate reinforced with ground tire rubber
Authors: Mujal-Rosas R. , Orrit-Prat J. , Ramis-Juan X. , Marin-Genesca M. , Rahhali Ahmed
Published: April 2011

Mass production of tires, as well as the difficult storage or elimination is a real environmental problem. Various methods for recycling tires are currently used, such as mechanical grinding, which puts vulcanized rubber, steel, and fibers apart. The rubber may be used in several industrial applications such as flooring, insulations, footwear, etc. The aim of this article focuses on finding a new application for the old used tires (GTR). Tire dust and recycled EVA thermoplastic have been mixed, and we have checked the maximum accepted values of GTR concentration that can be admitted while keeping dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties within acceptable values, as well as initial polymer microstructure. This would allow including GTR in industrial applications of recycled EVA. The recycled tire dust which result from the industrial milling processes has been divided by sieve in three different categories according to the size of the particles (<200, 200—500, and >" xbd="654" xhg="622" ybd="1596" yhg="1560"/>500 µm). This has then been mixed with EVA in different GTR concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 70%) in order to establish its conduct through electrical, mechanical, thermal, and microstructure tests, which will be held in a range of temperatures between 30°C and 120°C, and with a range of frequency between 1 × 10-2 and 3 × 106 Hz.
De Novo Interstitial Deletion of 3q22.3-q25.2 Encompassing FOXL2, ATR, ZIC1, and ZIC4 in a Patient With Blepharophimosis/Ptosis/Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome, Dandy-Walker Malformation, and Global Developmental Delay
Authors: Lim Byung Chan , Park Woong Yang , Seo Eul-Ju , Kim Ki Joong , Hwang Yong Seung , Chae Jong Hee
Published: April 2011

We report a case carrying a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 3q22-q25. The clinical phenotype of this case included blepharophimosis/ptosis/epicanthus inversus syndrome, Dandy-Walker malformation, and global developmental delay. Contiguous heterozygous deletion of FOXL2, ATR, ZIC1, and ZIC4 was postulated as the causative mechanism of the clinical phenotype. The association of blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome with developmental delay or mental retardation may be an indication for the use of brain imaging and chromosomal analysis capable of detecting chromosomal rearrangements encompassing several candidate genes.
Hitting the Reset Button on Education
Authors: Paiewonsky Maria
Published: April 2011

Students with intellectual disabilities are taking the lead conducting participatory action research (PAR) to chronicle their college experience as part of a national college access initiative. This research currently involves college students with intellectual disabilities documenting their experiences using multimedia tools. These data are then shared via a digital storytelling website, VoiceThread. This article presents an overview of PAR, digital storytelling, and the methodology used to implement PAR with students with intellectual disabilities. Themes from the students’ work highlight their impressions of college, their adjustment to new expectations and responsibilities, and their recommendations to improve this experience. The researcher’s findings and conclusions about facilitating research with young adults with intellectual disabilities are described.
ABCB1 Genotype and CSF β-Amyloid in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Kohen R. , Shofer J.B. , Korvatska O. , Petrie E.C. , Wang L.Y. , Schellenberg G.D. , Peskind E.R. , Wilkinson C.W.
Published: April 2011

The ABCB1 gene, coding for the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (PGP), is a candidate gene for Alzheimer disease (AD). P-glycoprotein is heavily expressed at the blood—brain barrier, where it mediates the efflux of β-amyloid (Aβ) from the brain. In this study, we investigated a possible association between 2 common ABCB1 polymorphisms, G2677T/A (Ala893Ser/Thr) and C3435T, AD, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ. No strong evidence for association was found.
The Role of Organizational Identification in the Communicative Constitution of an Organization: A Study of Consubstantialization in a Young Political Party
Authors: Chaput Mathieu , Brummans Boris H. J. M. , Cooren François
Published: April 2011

Concerns for organizational identification (OI) are recurrent in organizational communication research. However, few studies show how this process unfolds during everyday interactions. To address this issue, OI is conceived in this article as a process of “consubstantialization” that plays a central role in the coproduction of an organization’s substance. The value of this new way of viewing OI is demonstrated through a detailed analysis of a debate that focused on the constitution of a young political party in Quebec, Canada. This analysis shows how identification, as well as dis-identification and mis-identification, occur through the mobilization of different agents and how these intricate processes feed into the communicative constitution of an organization.
Deployable Structures in Nature: Potential for Biomimicking
Authors: Vincent J. F. V.
Published: April 2011

Biology contains many examples of deployable structures. They can be grouped as planar, cylindrical, stiff and compliant, and space frame combining both stiff and compliant elements (ten-segrity structures). Deployment occurs due to high strain elastic materials, or folds and curves that can be actuated by springs, changes in shape (mediated by hydraulic or contractile mechanisms) or changes in stiffness. Evolution filters out inefficiency. Transfer of nature's technology requires understanding of the optimizations in the biological system. The concepts can then be used in aerospace, deployable camouflage, packaging, emergency shelters, capture systems, etc.
A theoretical and experimental investigation into the vibration response of a flexible rotor and squeeze-film damper assembly
Authors: Siew C-C , Hill M , Holmes R , Brennan M
Published: April 2011

This paper presents two efficient methods to calculate the unbalance vibration response of a flexible rotor provided with a squeeze-film damper (SFD) with retainer springs. Both methods are iterative and combine the harmonic balance and receptance approaches. The first method, called the modified iteration method (MIM), is suitable for predicting the three-dimensional mode shapes of a concentric SFD-rotor system. The second method, called the modified harmonic balance method (MHBM), is developed to calculate the non-linear vibration response of a flexible shaft provided with either a concentric or eccentric SFD. The system is also investigated experimentally under different conditions. The predictions computed by these methods are compared with experimental measurements and reasonably good agreement is obtained.
Calculation of steady flow pressure loss coefficients for pipe junctions
Authors: Bassett M. D. , Winterbone D. E. , Pearson R. J.
Published: April 2011

Pipe junctions are found in many engineering systems. It is often desirable to predict the pressures within such systems. Steady flow pressure loss coefficients can be defined that attempt to characterize the effects of the junction on the flow. These coefficients are usually established experimentally, but empirical and analytical expressions exist that allow some of the loss coefficients for junctions to be calculated. In the paper, simple expressions are presented that allow all of the loss coefficients for a three pipe T-junction, with any lateral branch angle or area ratio, to be calculated. The coefficients obtained using these expressions are compared with measured values. The steady flow pressure loss coefficients calculated in this way have been applied to the simulation of the propagation of a shock wave through a T-junction. Predictions of the mean pressure levels show good correlation with measurements.
Damage mechanics characterization on the fatigue behaviour of a solder joint material
Authors: Chow C. L. , Yang F , Fang H. E.
Published: April 2011

This paper presents the first part of a comprehensive mechanics approach capable of predicting the integrity and reliability of solder joint material under fatigue loading without viscoplastic damage considerations. A separate report will be made to present the comprehensive damage model describing life prediction of the solder material under thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) loading. The method is based on the theory of damage mechanics, which makes possible a macroscopic description of the successive material deterioration caused by the presence of microcracks/voids in engineering materials. A damage mechanics model based on the thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes with internal state variables is proposed and used to provide a unified approach in characterizing the cyclic behaviour of a typical solder material. With the introduction of a damage effect tensor, the constitutive equations are derived to enable the formulation of a fatigue damage dissipative potential function and a fatigue damage criterion. The fatigue evolution is subsequently developed on the basis of the hypothesis that the overall damage is induced by the accumulation of fatigue and plastic damage. This damage mechanics approach offers a systematic and versatile means that is effective in modelling the entire process of material failure, ranging from damage initiation and propagation leading eventually to macrocrack initiation and growth. As the model takes into account the load history effect and the interaction between plasticity damage and fatigue damage, with the aid of a modified general-purpose finite element program, the method can readily be applied to estimate the fatigue life of solder joints under different loading conditions.
Optimum tuning of a vibration neutralizer for global vibration control
Authors: Dayou J , Brennan M. J.
Published: April 2011

This paper is concerned with optimization of the natural frequency of a vibration neutralizer to minimize the global vibration of a structure at a single frequency. The optimization is carried out using a quadratic minimization technique to determine the dynamic stiffness of the control device that is required, and then the optimum resonance frequency of the neutralizer is determined. It is shown that, with the exception of very low frequencies, an optimally adjusted vibration neutralizer can be as effective as an active device at a single frequency. Simulations are presented with a single neutralizer on a beam to facilitate insight into the mechanisms of control.
Measuring the flow through a model engine inlet system containing a plenum and runners
Authors: Shaw C. T. , Lee D. J. , Richardson S. H. , Pierson S
Published: April 2011

This paper describes an experiment carried out in a model of an inlet system containing a plenum chamber and runners. Such inlet systems are commonly found on petrol internal combustion engines where the cylinders are arranged in a V-configuration. Measurements of velocity, turbulence intensity and pressure drop across the system have been made and a detailed error analysis carried out. These measurements are suitable for the validation of results obtained from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Particular attention has been paid to reducing turbulence intensity levels at the inlet of the system, with additional entry lengths and smooth bell-mouth profiles being used. At each measurement point the laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) system has been tuned by hand to improve measurement sensitivity. Seeding of the flow has been an important factor and water droplets produced by a medical nebulizer have been used. Errors in velocity measurement vary throughout the flowfield, with a strong dependency on turbulence levels. From the results a relatively simple three-dimensional flow structure is found with the inlet flow separating on entry to the plenum, forming a ring vortex with a central jet within it. This jet turns from the horizontal to the vertical to enter the open runner, forming a separation bubble on the upstream side of the runner. A large slow-moving recirculation region forms in the plenum downstream of the open runner. From measurements of turbulence intensities, large values of around 40 per cent are found at the plenum-runner interface and in the recirculation region. This means that the flow is essentially time dependent even for notionally steady state conditions.
Shape factors for beams with misaligned loads
Authors: Burgess S. C. , Kahangamage U. P. , Barr G , Williams J. S.
Published: April 2011

Shape factors have been recently developed for the optimal design of load-bearing beams. The shape factors so far developed assume that the loading is ideally aligned, i.e. that the load is exactly perpendicular to a section of beam. However, misalignment of loads is very common in real industrial applications. This paper extends the methodology of shape factors by developing shape factors for misaligned loads. The paper shows that misalignment as small as 1 or 2° can cause significant reductions in efficiency of sections, especially for ‘optimal’ sections such as I-beams. In addition, it is essential for designers to identify the extent of load misalignment, as the most efficient sections for a small misalignment of load can be very different to the most efficient sections for an aligned load.
Nano-lubricant film formation due to combined elastohydrodynamic and surface force action under isothermal conditions
Authors: Abd-AlSamieh M. F. , Rahnejat H
Published: April 2011

This paper presents the results of numerical prediction of the lubricant film thickness and pressure distribution in concentrated counterformal point contact under isothermal conditions. The operating conditions, which include load and speed of entraining motion, promote the formation of ultra-thin films; these are formed under the combined action of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), the surface contact force of solvation and molecular interactions due to the presence of Van der Waals forces. A numerical solution has been carried out, using the low-relaxation Newton-Raphson iteration technique, applied to the convergence of the hydrodynamic pressure. The paper shows that the effect of surface forces become significant as the elastic film (i.e. the gap) is reduced to a few nanometres. The numerical predictions have been shown to conform well to the numerical work and experimental findings of other research workers.