bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NANOMATERIALS IN VOLTAMMETRIC BIOSENSORS-RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Gulaboski Rubin
Published: July 2024

While we inhabit a macro-world, it is evident that our future will depend greatly on the tiniest of things. This is due to the fact that a majority of 21st-century sciences will be centered around materials with nanometer dimensions. Currently, we observe the significance of nanomaterials in facilitating the targeted delivery of active substances within the body. In the past two years, this has played a crucial role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic, with the assistance of vaccines containing graphene oxide nanoparticles that serve as carriers and enhancers for vaccine compounds. Fur-thermore, challenges related to drug delivery, such as poor water solubility and limited bioavailability, have already been overcome through the utilization of metal-based and carbon-based nanomaterials. Nanomedicine is poised to revo-lutionize the landscape of therapeutics and diagnostics. This brief review focuses on notable achievements in designing specific voltammetric biosensors using metallic nanoparticles and graphene-based nanomaterials. Metallic nanoparti-cles, particularly those based on silver and gold, along with graphene derivatives such as nanotubes, quantum dots, nanodiamonds, and fullerenes, exhibit remarkable physical and chemical properties. These include improved thermal stability, enhanced conductivity, and the ability to modify their surface area with various organic substrates. Notably, voltammetric sensors based on graphene nanostructures demonstrate high biocompatibility and superior selectivity in detecting important biological systems through voltammetry. The aim of this concise review is to highlight recent elec-trochemical advancements in nanosystems and present significant achievements of metallic nanoparticles and graphene-based nanomaterials as voltammetric biosensors.
Why No PlaneWaves of Macroscopic Bodies? A Micro-Macro Threshold?
Authors: Banyai Ladislaus
Published: July 2024

According to Quantum Mechanics a narrow wave-package of the center of mass of macroscopic objects, due to their heavy mass, remains stable over astronomical times. However Quantum Mechanics allows and energetically even prefers largely smeared out c.m. states that never been seen. Why is this the real state of the world we know? Does it suggest a micro-macro threshold with different theoretical descriptions?
Fiscal Policy and Economic Resilience: Impact of Government Consumption alongside Oil and Non-Oil Revenues on Saudi Arabia’s GDP during Crises (1969-2022)”
Authors: Abdelkawy Nagwa Amin , Al Shammre Abdullah Sultan
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of Government Consumption (GC) on Saudi Arabia’s GDP during major economic crises from 1969 to 2022, with a focus on periods marked by fluctuations in oil and non-oil revenues. By integrating these revenue streams, the research provides a more comprehensive analysis of fiscal policy effectiveness during economic downturns. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the study reveals the complex role of Government Consumption (GC) in stabilizing and stimulating the Saudi economy amidst revenue volatility.Key findings indicate that while GC does not significantly influence GDP in the short term, its long-term effectiveness varies across different crises. Specifically, GC has acted as a buffer against immediate economic shocks during certain crises while providing a stimulus for economic recovery in others. For instance, during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, timely fiscal measures significantly boosted GDP, underscoring the importance of adaptive and proactive fiscal policies. Conversely, the 2014-2016 oil price collapse demonstrated that GC alone was insufficient to counteract economic downturns, emphasizing the need for diversified revenue strategies.These findings underscore the dual role of GC in economic stabilization and recovery. During the COVID-19 pandemic, GC played a crucial role in both mitigating negative economic impacts and supporting recovery efforts, showcasing its effectiveness in times of global disruptions. This demonstrates GC's capability as an immediate buffer against economic shocks and a stimulus for economic recovery. In contrast, during the 2014-2016 oil price collapse, GC was less effective, indicating the limitations of relying solely on government spending without broader economic diversification. This highlights the necessity of diversified revenue strategies to complement fiscal measures for long-term economic resilience.The robustness of the findings was ensured through various diagnostic tests, including checks for autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity, and stationarity of residuals. The absence of significant autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity, along with the stationarity of differenced variables, confirms the validity of the econometric models used.The study contributes to the discourse on fiscal policy in oil-dependent economies by illustrating the critical role of diversified revenue strategies and adaptive fiscal measures in enhancing economic resilience. Recommendations are offered for policymakers to optimize fiscal strategies, ensuring robust economic recovery and long-term stability in volatile markets. This research highlights the necessity for Saudi Arabia to refine its fiscal policies towards greater economic diversification and stability.
Local Versus Global Time in Early Relativity Theory
Authors: DIEKS DENNIS
Published: July 2024

.In his groundbreaking 1905 paper on special relativity, Einstein distinguished between local and global time in inertial systems, introducing his famous definition of distant simultaneity to give physical content to the notion of global time. Over the following decade, Einstein attempted to generalize this analysis of relativistic time to include accelerated frames of reference, which, according to the principle of equivalence, should also account for time in the presence of gravity. Characteristically, Einstein's methodology during this period focused on simple, intuitively accessible physical situations, exhibiting a high degree of symmetry. However, in the final general theory of relativity, the a priori existence of such global symmetries cannot be assumed. Despite this, Einstein repeated some of his early reasoning patterns even in his 1916 review paper on general relativity and in later writings. Modern commentators have criticized these arguments as confused, invalid, and inconsistent. Here, we defend Einstein in the specific context of his use of global time and his derivations of the gravitational redshift formula. We argue that a detailed examination of Einstein's early work clarifies his later reasoning and demonstrates its consistency and validity.
A Retrospective Analysis of Breast Cancer Mortality among Jewish and Muslim Arab Women in Israel: The Role of Sociodemographic Factors
Authors: Pinchas-Mizrachi Ronit , Bouhnik Dan
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer mortality rates vary across ethnic groups in Israel, where protective factors such as high fertility and breastfeeding rates may be moderated by socioeconomic factors and mammography rates. We aim to investigate disparities in breast cancer mortality between Jewish and Muslim Arab women in Israel and examine how sociodemographic variables and number of children are associated with mortality. Our retrospective follow-up study uses data from the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics and multivariable Cox regression models, adjusting for age, number of children, country of origin, locality size, and socioeconomic status. Compared to Jewish women, Muslim Arab women exhibited lower breast cancer mortality rates. However, after adjusting for multiple sociodemographic variables, no significant differences persisted between Jewish and Muslim Arab women. Having more than three children was associated with lower mortality among Muslim Arab women, but not among Jewish women. European/American origin, larger localities, and medium socioeconomic status were associated with higher mortality. Sociodemographic factors may therefore explain the disparities in breast cancer mortality between Jewish and Muslim Arab women in Israel. Targeted intervention programs considering unique characteristics and risk factors of different ethnic groups are needed to reduce disparities and improve outcomes.
Collaborative Natural and Artificial Intelligence: a Multilayer Network Interpretation
Authors: Moro Visconti Roberto
Published: July 2024

The revolutionary idea of complementary intelligence involves a unique strategy in which artificial intelligence (AI) works with human cognitive abilities embodied by natural intelligence (NI), creating a harmonious partnership instead of engaging in a competitive relationship. This innovative concept can potentially revolutionize how we approach scientific research and discovery. This cutting-edge process capitalizes on pooling the vast information from various distinct and autonomous sources to generate forecasts that frequently outshine human perspectives by significant margins, leading to groundbreaking advancements in scientific development based on hybrid intelligence. Multilayer networks extend traditional network theory to adjacent layers linked through copula nodes. Artificial intelligence, with its retrieval capacity to collect and interpret big data, sharply increases the number of nodes and their linking interpretation. This process, amplified by multilayer networks, dramatically improves the scalability of the networked ecosystem. Multilayer networks can represent NI and AI in complementary hyperplanes, connecting them with copula nodes and edge properties. Thus, it is possible to measure the interaction of NI and AI, assessing their scalable value co-creation properties. This study examines the interaction of NI and AI with an innovative and multidisciplinary approach. A theoretical framework of these related concepts precedes practical insights for possible applications in future research.
Experimental Assessment of Hemp Shiv and Green Adhesives to Produce a Biocomposite Material
Authors: Martínez Borja , Mendizabal Virginia , Bernat-Maso Ernest , Gil Lluis
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the utilization of innovative green composites made from hemp shiv, a waste by-product of hemp cultivation, with the aim of promoting sustainability within the construction industry. The manufacturing method involve the application of pressure in a mold to create the samples. These materials were produced using an environmentally friendly binder consisting of colophony, arabic gum and corn starch, moreover white glue and bioepoxy are also used to compare with the green resins. Three different binder compositions for the specimens. The samples underwent mechanical testing through tensile and bending assessments, and their performance was compared to that of non-green binders to validate the effectiveness of the manufacturing processes. The study revealed that decreasing the moisture content during the curing process is crucial for improving the mechanical properties. The best results were achieved when using arabic gum as a binder, yielding a tensile strength of 2.16 MPa and a bending strength of 5.25 MPa, with a composition of 62.5% hemp shiv and a manufacturing process involving a pressure of 5 MPa.
Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of a Prototype Electric Vehicle Powered by Photovoltaic Energy
Authors: SOKHNA Sidy Mactar , DIARRA Sory , AIT ALI Mohamed El Amine , FAYE Souleye , SAMBOU Vincent , AGOUZOUL Mohamed
Published: July 2024

The study involves the creation of a solar-powered car that can travel up to 70 km with a maximum speed of 35.7 km/h, the vehicle mass is 300 kg. It stores some energy, which is then converted into electric energy that can be consumed by other electrical appliances, making it an electrical energy generator. The two back wheels are equipped with 3,000 W electric motors to enable movement. When the vehicle moves, power dissipates due to resistances that must be overcome to move it. Auxiliary components and the battery powering the system also require energy, resulting in not all power being transmitted to the electric vehicle's wheels. This article aims to create a prototype of the electric vehicle model. A model of the photovoltaic system, considering the geographic coordinates and solar parameters of the location, as well as the BLDC motor and vehicle dynamics, is required to examine the component behavior based on the observable parameters. These pa-rameters consist of the resistive torque, angular speed, and resistance values that need to be overcome to evaluate the electric vehicle's performance. Once the lost power has been determined, the remaining power will be allocated to power other electrical devices. The variations in the parameters considered are crucial for the performance of an electric vehicle equipped with a photovoltaic and mechanical power supply system, as one of the sources of our prototype is mechanical and provides 400 W of power.
A Review of Pakistan's National Spatial Data Infrastructure Using Multiple Assessment Frameworks
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Ali Asmat , Nawaz Muhammad , Sattar Farha , Hussain Hammad
Published: July 2024

This article aims to assess Pakistan's National Spatial Data Infrastructure implementation efforts through well-established approaches including the SDI readiness model, organizational aspects, and state of play. The findings underscored challenges related to human resources, SDI education/culture, long-term vision, GI awareness, sustainable funding, metadata availability, online geospatial services, and geospatial standards hindering the NSDI development in Pakistan. However, certain factors, such as the legal framework for NSDI establishment, web connectivity, geospatial software availability, core spatial dataset availability, and institutional leadership, exhibit favorable standings. Thus, to enhance the development of NSDI for Pakistan, recommendations include bolstering financial and human resources, improving online geospatial presence, and fostering a long-term vision for NSDI.
3D Simulation-Driven Design of a Microfluidic Immunosensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Sweat Biomarkers
Authors: JEBARI Nessrine , Dufour-Gergam Elisabeth , AMMAR Mehdi
Published: July 2024

This study presents the design and comprehensive 3D multiphysics simulation of a novel microfluidic immunosensor for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in human sweat. The patch-like device, designed using COMSOL Multiphysics, integrates magnetofluidic manipulation with direct-field capacitive sensing. The sensor comprises two distinct units: an immunocomplex enhancement unit, employing a series of microcoils to optimize the binding efficiency, reaction kinetics, and homogeneity of biomarker-magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) interactions, thereby enhancing the sensor's specificity; and a layered capacitive sensing unit, designed to concentrate and detect biomarker-tagged MNPs, thus amplifying sensitivity. Simulations of the capacitive sensing unit revealed a substantial sensitivity increase of up to 42.48\% at an 85\% MNP concentration within the detection zone. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed immunosensor for efficient and precise real-time biomarker monitoring, which may facilitate early disease diagnosis and enable personalized healthcare interventions.
Toxicological study of kaempferol and linearolactone as treatments for amoebic liver abscess development in Mesocricetus auratus.
Authors: Varela-Rodríguez Luis , Calzada Fernando , Velázquez-Domínguez José Antonio , Hernández-Ramírez Verónica Ivonne , Varela-Rodríguez Hugo , Bautista Elihú , Herrera-Martínez Mayra , Castellanos-Mijangos Rodrigo Daniel , Chávez-Munguía Bibiana , Talamás-Rohana Patricia
Published: July 2024

Several studies with kaempferol (KP) and linearolactone (LL) have shown antiparasitic activities. However, the toxicity of treat-ments with both active principles is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of treatments with KP and LL on the amoebic liver abscess (ALA) model in M. auratus administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). For this, ALA in-duction was carried out in male hamsters with 1.5 x105 E. histolytica trophozoites inoculated in the left hepatic lobe. The lesion evolved for four days and the i.p. of the treatments with KP (5 mg/kg body weight/day) and LL (10 mg/kg body weight/day) was carried out for four consecutive days. For histopathological evaluation, NMR studies, paraclinical analysis, and necropsy were performed. The results revealed that the inhibition of ALA by KP and LL were similar to that metronidazole (MTZ). Biochemical parameters revealed hepatic and renal alterations in all treatment groups, mainly for KP (AST and BUN). The lesions found in the organs were those that are directly linked to the pathology. In conclusion, KP and LL decrease ALA development but have few toxicological effects. Both compounds combined with MTZ could be therapeutic alternatives for amoebiasis caused by E. histolytica.
An Image Compensation-based Range–Doppler model for SAR High-Precision Positioning
Authors: Cheng Kexin , Dong Youqiang
Published: July 2024

The Range–Doppler (R-D) model is extensively employed for the geometric processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Refining the sensor motion state and imaging parameters is the most common method for achieving high-precision geometric processing using the R-D model, comprising a process that involves numerous parameters and complex computations. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to improve the positioning accuracy of the R-D model, implementing a low-order polynomial to compensate for the original imaging errors without altering the initial positioning parameters. We also design low-order polynomial compensation models with different parameters. The models are evaluated on various SAR images from different platforms and bands, including spaceborne TerraSAR-X and GF3-C images, manned airborne SAR-X images, and unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted miniSAR-Ku images. Furthermore, image positioning experiments involving the use of different polynomial compensation models and various numbers and distributions of Ground Control Points (GCPs) are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that geometric processing accuracy comparable to that of the classical rigorous positioning method can be achieved even when applying only an affine transformation model to the images. Compared to classical refinement models, however, the proposed image-compensated R-D model is much simpler and easy to implement. Thus, this study provides a convenient, robust, and widely applicable method for the geometric positioning processing of SAR images, offering a potential approach for the joint-positioning processing of multi-source SAR images.
Solid State Fermentation of Cereal Waste Improves the Bioavailability and Yield of Bacterial Cellulose Production by a Novel Novacetimonas sp. Isolate
Authors: Henry Shriya , Dhital Sushil , Summer Huseyin , Butardo Vito Jr M
Published: July 2024

Cereal wastes such as rice bran and cereal dust are valuable yet underutilised by-products of grain processing. This study aimed to bio-convert these wastes into bacterial cellulose (BC), an emerging sustainable and renewable biomaterial, via an inexpensive solid-state fermentation (SSF) pre-treatment using three mould isolates. Medium substitution by directly using untreated rice bran or cereal dust did not significantly increase the yield of bacterial cellulose produced by a novel Novacetimonas sp. isolate (NCBI accession number PP421219) compared to the standard Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium. In contrast, rice bran fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus yielded the highest bacterial cellulose (1.55 ± 0.6 g/L dry weight) compared to the untreated control (0.45 ± 0.1 g/L dry weight), demonstrating up to 22 % increase in yield. Using the SSF process, the media production costs were reduced by up to 90% compared to standard HS medium. Physicochemical characterisation using SEM, EDS, FTIR, XPS, XRD, and TGA were performed to gain insights into the internal structure, morphology, and chemical bonding of different produced BC, which revealed comparable biopolymer properties between BC produced in standard and waste-based media. Hence, our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of fungal SSF for transforming abundant cereal waste into BC, providing a circular economy solution to reduce waste and convert them into by-products to enhance the sustainability of the cereal industry.
Solvent Polarity Effects on Phenolic Fingerprint and Biological Activities, Using Three Different Extractions Formulation for Examining of Mentha aquatica Leaf Extracts: An In Vitro and In‐Silico Investigation
Authors: TOURABI Meryem , Metouekel AMIRA , Jeddi Mohammed , Chebaibi Mohamed , Benkhaira Nesrine , Fikri  Benbrahim Kawtar , Lyoussi Badiaa , Derwich Elhoussine
Published: July 2024

The main purpose of our research is the evaluation of the efficacity of solvent polarity on phenolic composition, as well as the antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of extract of Moroccan Mentha aquatica L., leaves. To attempt these objectives, the HPLC-DAD was used to identify the biomolecules. The total amount of phenolic and flavonoid content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride processes as well as the DPPH, RP, and TAC tests were used to evaluate the antioxidant capabilities. In addition, by employing both in vitro and in silico analysis through the microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts were assessed against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that all extracts of M. aquatica were abundant in noteworthy phytochemical compounds, especially gallic acid, vanillic acid, chlorobenzoic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol. Furthermore, the results indicated that the total phenolic content was higher in hydroethanolic extract (62.19 ± 1.19 mg GAE/g DW) in contrast to the acetonic and aqueous extracts (22.22 ± 0.64, and 22.44± 0.57 mg GAE/g DW) respectively. Similarly, the aqueous ethanol extract contained the greatest flavonoid concentration, with values of 29.15± 0.09 mg QE/g DW when compared with the other extracts. The seam extract poses excellent antioxidant power with an IC50 of 0.06 ± 0.00 mg/mL for the DPPH test, and lower RP with EC50 of 80± 0.00 µg/ml when compared with acetonic and aqueous extract (370± 0.00 and 460± 0.01 µg/mL) respectively. Moreover, the hydroethanolic extract has a high level of TAC 75.09± 2.00 mg EAA/g DW, followed by aqueous extract carrying a value of 28.53 ± 1.36 mg EAA/g DW. The antibacterial capacity is ranged between 0.78 ± 0.05 mg/mL and 12.60 ± 0.00 mg/L. The results of the in-silico study demonstrated that quercetin, vanillic acid, and naringenin components contribute to the antioxidant capability. While gallic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin components are attributed to the antibacterial capacity.
Transnationalism and Hegemonic Masculinity: Experiences of Gender-Based Violence among African Women Immigrants in Canada
Authors: Onyango Elizabeth , Olukotun Mary , Olanrewaju Faith , Kapfunde Dayirai C , Chinedu-Asogwa Nkechinyere , Salami Bukola
Published: July 2024

Gender-based violence (GBV) is an age-long issue plaguing societies all over the globe. Over the years, GBV perpetrated against women has been justified and legitimized by patriarchal and hegemonic masculine structures. This study explored the role of hegemonic masculinities and transnational cultural conflicts in creating a suitable environment for GBV against women to thrive amongst African immigrants in Canada, gathering perspectives of African immigrants and of the service providers working in immigrant-serving organizations. The paper adopts a qualita-tive approach and is hinged on the transnationalism framework. This framework argues that im-migrants maintain connections while transitioning to their countries of destinations. In such pro-cesses, immigrants carry with them their beliefs about cultural norms and hegemonic masculinity, of their country of origin. A total of 13 women immigrants and 20 service providers were pur-posively recruited to participate in the semi-structured interview. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed thematically and organized using the Nvivo version 12. Findings show that African immigrant women in Canada continue to disproportion-ately bear the burden of GBV due hegemonic masculinities. The construction of masculinity in immigrant population is heavily reliant on the communities of origin. As such, the prevailing sys-tems during and post migration such as – unstable residency status, fear of deportation, fear of social and family sanctions and stigmatization, economic dependence on their spouses, and fear of retaliation from their spouses creates an environment that supports toxic masculinity. The study recommends a comprehensive and culturally sensitive programs and services to support African immigrants affected by hegemonic masculinity and GBV.
Elucidating the Functional Roles of Long Non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Chen Qiufen , Mu Xuechen , An Zheng , Xu Ying
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal loss, representing a most challenging health issue. We present a computational analysis of transcriptomic data of AD tissues vs. healthy controls, focused on elucidation of functional roles played by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) throughout the AD progression. We first assembled our own lncRNA transcripts from the raw RNA-Seq data generated from 527 samples of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, resulting in the identification of 31,574 novel lncRNA genes. Based on co-expression analyses between mRNAs and lncRNAs, a co-expression network is constructed. Maximal subnetworks with dense connections are identified as functional clusters. Pathway enrichment analyses are conducted over mRNAs and lncRNAs in each cluster, which serve as the basis for the inference of functional roles played by lncRNAs involved in each of the key steps in an AD development model that we have previously build based on transcriptomic data of protein-encoding genes. Detailed information is presented about the functional roles by lncRNAs in activities related to stress response, reprogrammed metabolism, cell-polarity, and development. Our analyses have also revealed that lncRNAs have discerning power in distinguishing between AD samples of each stage and healthy controls. This study represents the first of its kind.
Multi-head Attention Refiner For Many View 3d Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Kyunghee , Cho Ihjoon , Yang Boseung , Park Unsang
Published: July 2024

Traditional 3D reconstruction models have consistently encountered a challenge: attaining high recall of object edges while preserving precision. In this paper, we introduce a post-processing method Multi-Head Attention Refiner (MA-R) aimed at tackling this challenge by integrating a multi-head attention mechanism within the U-Net style refiner module. The 3D reconstruction model applying this method demonstrates excellence in parsing intricate image details, resulting in significant enhancement of boundary predictions and increased recall rates. In our experiments, our method significantly enhances the reconstruction performance of Pix2Vox++ when multiple images are utilized as input. Specifically, it achieves an enhanced Intersection Over Union score of approximately 1.1% compared to the original Pix2Vox++ model when 16-view images are employed.
Total Cholesterol Determination Accuracy in Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Bonet Estruch Elena , López-Lara María J , Gutiérrez-Cortizo Eva N , Castaño López Miguel A , Mata Pedro , Romero-Jiménez Manuel J
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Detecting total cholesterol in dried blood spots could aid in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of familial hypercholesterolemia and could be used as a screening measure. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spots on Whatman 903 paper cards using a manual enzymatic technique.
METHODS
A total of 394 samples collected as serum and dried blood spots were compared. Cholesterol was determined in serum using the automated reference method, while cholesterol on paper was measured using a manual enzymatic method. Within- and between-day diagnostic variability were analyzed. The correlation between both methods was assessed using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman plot. Internal validation of our correlation formula was performed on 149 samples, along with external validation of the formula proposed by Corso et al.
RESULTS
The within- and between-day coefficient of variation was found to be lower than 10.14% and 14.09%, respectively. Method comparison yielded an area under the curve of 0.976, with a standard error of 0.009. Passing-Bablok regression indicated a precision of 0.803 and an accuracy of 0.96. Internal validation precision was measured at 0.716. Regarding internal validation, calculated cholesterol with our regression line did not differ from serum cholesterol analysis, while significant differences were observed in calculated cholesterol levels using the external formula.
CONCLUSIONS
Total cholesterol analysis in dot blood spots demonstrates high precision and reproducibility. This method reliably enables the incorporation of this biological marker into neonatal screening for familial hypercholesterolemia detection.
Anti-HER2 cancer-specific mAb, H2Mab-250-hG1 possesses higher complement-dependent cytotoxicity than trastuzumab
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Ohishi Tomokazu , Tanaka Tomohiro , Kaneko Mika K. , Kato Yukinari
Published: July 2024

Cancer-specific monoclonal antibodies (CasMabs) that recognize cancer-specific antigens with in vivo antitumor efficacy are innovative therapeutic strategies for minimizing the adverse effects. We previously established a cancer-specific anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)monoclonal antibody (mAb), H2Mab-250/H2CasMab-2. In flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, H2Mab-250 reacted with HER2-positive breast cancer cells but did not show the reactivity to normal epithelial cells. In contrast, a clinically approved anti-HER2 mAb, trastuzumab, strongly recognizes both breast cancer and normal epithelial cells in flow cytometry. The human IgG1 version of H2Mab-250 (H2Mab-250-hG1) possesses compatible in vivo antitumor effects against breast cancer xenografts with trastuzumab despite the lower affinity and effector activation than trastuzumab in vitro. This study compared the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (CDC) between H2Mab-250-hG1 and trastuzumab. Both H2Mab-250-hG1 and trastuzumab showed ADCC activity against CHO/HER2 and breast cancer cell lines (BT-474 and SK-BR-3) in the presence of human natural killer cells. Some tendency was observed that trastuzumab showed a more significant ADCC effect compared to H2Mab-250-hG1. Importantly, H2Mab-250-hG1 exhibited superior CDC activity in these cells compared to trastuzumab. Similar results were obtained in mouse IgG2a types of both H2Mab-250 and trastuzumab. These results suggest the different contributions of ADCC and CDC activities to the antitumor effects of H2Mab-250-hG1 and trastuzumab and indicate the future direction for the clinical development of H2Mab-250-hG1 against HER2-positive tumors.
Simulation-Guided Analysis Towards Trench Depth Optimization for Enhanced Flexibility in Stretch-Free, Shape-Induced Interconnects for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Joch Daniel , Lang Thomas , Sanctis Shawn , Jank Michael
Published: July 2024

: In this paper we present an optimization of the planar manufacturing scheme for stretch-free, shape induced metal interconnects to simplify the fabrication with the aim of maximizing the flexibility in the structure regarding to stress and strain. The Formation of trenches between silicon islands are actively used in the lithographic process to create arc shape structures by spin coating resist into the trenches. The resulting resist form is used as a template for the metal lines, which are structured on top. Because this arc shape is beneficial for the flexibility of these bridges. The trench depth as a key parameter for the stress distribution is investigated by applying numerical simulations. The simulated results show that the increase in penetration depth of the metal bridge into the trench increases the tensile load which is converted into a shear Force Q(x), that usually leads to increased strains the structure can generate. For the fabrication the filling of the trenches with resist is optimized by varying the spin speed. Compared to the theoretical resistance, the current-voltage measurements of the metal bridges show a similar behavior and almost every structural variation is capable of functioning as a flexible electrical interconnect in a complete island-bridge array.
Generalized Partially Functional Linear Model with Interaction between Functional Predictors
Authors: Xiao Weiwei , Mao Kejing , Liu Haiyan
Published: July 2024

In this work, we propose a generalized partially functional linear regression model with an interaction term between functional predictors. The estimators of the regression coefficient of scalar predictors and regression coefficient functions of functional predictors and their interactions are obtained. The asymptotic property of the estimators is established. Extensive simulation studies illustrate the asymptotic results. Finally, the proposed model was applied to investigate the influence of air qualities, climate factors, medical and social indicators and the interactions on cancer incidence which is a binary response.
Ketogenic Interventions in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Pezzuoli Carla , Biagini Giuseppe , Magistroni Riccardo
Published: July 2024

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the development and progression of multiple renal cysts, leading to progressive renal function decline. To date, the only approved treatment for this condition is able to slow down the loss of annual renal function, without stopping the disease progression. Furthermore, this therapy is approved only for patients with rapid disease progression and its compliance is problematic because of the impact of this drug on quality of life. The recent literature suggests that cystic cells are subject to metabolic dysregulation in the glucose pathway (Warburg Effect). This finding paved the way for new lines of research targeting potential therapeutic interventions for ADPKD. In particular, this review highlights the latest studies on the use of ketosis, through ketogenic dietary interventions (daily calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, time-restricted feeding, and ketogenic diets), as a potential strategy for patients with ADPKD, and the possible involvement of microbiota in the ketogenic interventions’ effect.
Pengaruh Biochar Sekam Padi dan Macam Pupuk terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Serapan P Padi
Authors: Widijanto Hery , Rissanti Siti Ramadhani Nur , Suntoro Suntoro , Syamsiyah Jauhari
Published: July 2024

Inceptisol soil has an acidic pH, low organic content, and low P elements. Biochar and other types of fertilizers are needed to improve soil fertility. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the best dose of biochar and the kind of fertilizer on rice plants' growth and P uptake. There were 16 treatments with 3 repetitions. The dosage of rice husk biochar consists of doses of 0 t.ha-1 (B0), 5 t.ha-1 (B1), 10 t.ha-1 (B2), and 20 t.ha-1 (B3). Types of fertilizer consist of 0 t.ha-1 (P0), 4 t.ha-1 manure (P1), 50% urea + 50% NPK fertilizer + 2 t.ha-1 manure (P2), and 100% urea + 100% NPK fertilizer (P3). Parameters observed were available P, P tissue, P uptake, plant height, number of tillers, and dry weight brazier. Data analysis was performed with the ANOVA, DMRT, and Correlation tests. The result showed the dosage of rice husk biochar and the type of fertilizer affected the yield of rice plant height, number of rice tillers, stover dry weight, and P uptake. P3 treatment produced the highest plant height, which was 104,68 cm. The B3 and P3 treatments produced the highest of rice tillers. The B3P3 interaction treatment resulted in the highest root tissue absorption of 1,93 g.clamp-1 and 3,49. clamp-1 in the mature.
Jenis dan Populasi Musuh Alami Hama Padi pada Sistem Tanam Jajar Legowo
Authors: Sholahuddin Sholahuddin , Huwaida Salma Nabila , Wijayanti Retno , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Subagya Subagya , Sulistyo Ato
Published: July 2024

Natural enemies play an important role in the rice field ecosystem in achieving pest population balance. The jajar legowo planting system is a planting system that provides empty space for rows of plants that are thought to affect the types and population dynamics of natural enemies. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of applying the jajar legowo cropping system to the types and populations of natural enemies of rice pests. The research was conducted from April-June 2022 in Karanglo Village, Polanharjo, Klaten and the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret. The research was carried out in rice fields with conventional spacing systems (tegel) and jajar legowo 2:1. The variables observed were the type and population of predators and parasitoids along with the degree of parasitization of the rice pests. The results showed that the types of predators found in conventional land and Jajar Legowo were not different. The application of the jajar legowo cropping system increased the population of Paederus and Tetragnatha spider.
Iron Contaminated Soils Remediation Using Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10 and Its Effect on Spinach Growth
Authors: Soesanto Loekas , Sastyawan Murti Wisnu Ragil , Mugiastuti Endang , Tamad Tamad
Published: July 2024

Iron (Fe) is an essential metal whose presence in excess can pollute the environment, cause toxic effects on plants, and degrade soil quality. Efforts have been made to overcome this by remediation using secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10. This study aimed to determine the potency and appropriate concentration of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites as a remediator for Fe-contaminated soil and its effect on the growth and yield of spinach grown on remediated soil. The research was conducted at the Screen House, Soil Laboratory, and Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman for four months. A randomized block design was used with treatment consisting of control and secondary metabolites application of T. harzianum T10 concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100%, repeated five times. The secondary metabolites were applied in the afternoon by pouring it on the soil in polybags and letting it stand for 10 days in tightly closed conditions. The variables observed were Fe content in the soil, plant height, number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, fresh root weight, and root length of spinach plants. The results showed that the secondary metabolites of T. harzianum T10 have the potential to remediate iron-congested soil. The content of Fe in the soil is 823 ppm. The appropriate concentration of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites as a remediator for Fe-contaminated soil is 50%, which can reduce the content of Fe (iron) by 46% compared to controls. The application of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites has not affected the growth and yield of spinach, which was grown on remediated soil, although there is a tendency to be better.
Intercondylar T-Type Distal Humerus Fracture in a 10-Year-Old
Authors: Yadav Aditya S. , Kollapaneni Sai Suraj , Wallace Doyle , Bryan Cory A.
Published: July 2024

Case:

A 10-year-old, postmenarchal girl presented to the emergency department with a closed, displaced, intercondylar T-type distal humerus fracture. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed 3 days following initial presentation. The patient healed but experienced elbow stiffness in the 7 months following the procedure. Implant removal and capsular release were performed at that time. At the 31-month follow-up, the patient reported satisfactory elbow functionality.

Conclusion:

There is limited literature available discussing optimal management and associated outcomes of intercondylar T-type distal humerus fractures in the young-adolescent population. This report presents a possible method for management of the initial injury and the most common associated complication.
Contextualising Fajr Sadiq: Response to Dawn Research Findings with the Sky Quality Meter (SQM)
Authors: Maskufa Maskufa , Damanhuri Adi , Sopa Sopa , Hadi Ahmad Chairul
Published: July 2024

The article needs to address the problem of dawn time too early in Indonesia. To prove this, the researcher used the Sky Quality Meter (SQM) in four locations with different sky brightness levels: Labuan Bajo, Belitung, Sidoarjo, and Bogor. In addition, the article also seeks to explain the views of the government and Islamic organization using SQM. This research uses normative, astronomical, and sociological approaches.  The results showed that the value of the sun's tilt during the Dawn Sadiq period was -19.30º to -13.58º. The appearance of dawn can be detected earlier in locations with high sky brightness and low light pollution, such as in Labuan Bajo (-19.30º), while in other places with opposite conditions, the appearance of Dawn Sadiq is slower, such as in Bogor (-13.58º). If the SQM observation in Labuan Bajo is used as a reference, it will not significantly impact the current dawn schedule (dip = -20⁰). The use of SQM for dawn observation is acceptable to the Ministry of Religion and Islamic organizations. However, considering the mixed results of dawn research with SQM, the response of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Nahdlatul Ulama, and the Islamic Association still uses dip = -20º, while Muhammadiyah shifts to dip = -18⁰.  To minimize differences, it is necessary to conduct joint research on an ongoing basis to produce stable data on the setting of the sun at dawn.
Труд и общение в практической философии Э.В. Ильенкова
Authors: Morozov Maxim ,   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
Published: July 2024

This year is the year of I. Kant’s 300th anniversary and E.V. Ilyenkov’s 100th an­niversary. Such commemorative anniversaries make it necessary to turn the thought to the reflection of the very process of addressing commemorative dates, revealing the problematic content of the concept of “communication” in connec­tion with the abstract formality of official congratulations. The article attempts to reveal the essential meanings immanent to the movement of the content of re­ality itself, behind this formality, and to connect them with the central issues of Ilyenkov’s philosophy, whose life is a living embodiment of the principle of the identity of being and thinking, which he defended. This principle closes on the question of the beginning and the objective role of man in the substantive movement, which permeates the entire work of the Soviet thinker. The solution to this question is impossible without a practical comprehension of the formation of human subjectivity and the foundation on which it grows. Therefore, the sub­ject of special consideration in the article is the polemic about word and action, labor and communication, which E.V. Ilyenkov conducts in person and in absen­tia not only with his direct opponents, but also with his closest adherents: F.T. Mikhailov and L.S. Vygotsky. The methodological foundations of the posi­tions clashing here are considered, the dialectic of labor and communication in the process of human formation is shown.
Dynamic Real-Time Production Forecasting Model for Complex Subsurface Flow Systems with Variable Length Input Sequences
Authors: Xu Ziming , Leung Juliana Y.
Published: July 2024

Production time-series forecasting for newly drilled wells or those with limited flow and pressure historical data poses a significant challenge, and this problem is exacerbated by the complexities and uncertainties encountered in fractured subsurface systems. While many existing models rely on static features for prediction, the production data progressively offer more informative insights as production unfolds. Leveraging ongoing production data can enhance forecasting accuracy over time. However, effectively integrating the production stream data presents significant model training and updating complexities. We propose two innovative methods to address this challenge: masked recurrent alignment (MRA) and masked encoding decoding (MED). These methods enable the model to continually update its predictions based on historical data. In addition, by incorporating sequence padding and masking, our model can handle inputs of varying lengths without trimming, thereby avoiding the potential loss of valuable training samples. We implement these models with gated recurrent unit (GRU) and evaluate their performance in a case study involving 6,154 shale gas wells in the Central Montney Region. The data set encompasses 39 production-related features, including reservoir properties, completion, and wellhead information. Performance evaluation is based on root mean square error (RMSE) to predict 36-month production from 200 wells during testing. Empirical findings highlight the efficacy of the proposed models in handling challenges associated with variable-length input sequences, showcasing their superior performance. Our research emphasizes the value of including shorter time-series segments, often overlooked, to improve predictive accuracy, especially in scenarios with limited training samples.
Sex-specific GABAergic microcircuits that switch vulnerability into resilience to stress and reverse the effects of chronic stress exposure
Authors: Luscher Bernhard , Jiang Tong , Feng Mengyang , Hutsell Alexander
Published: July 2024

Clinical and preclinical studies have identified somatostatin (SST)-positive interneurons as key elements that regulate the vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders. Conversely, disinhibition of SST neurons in mice results in resilience to the behavioral effects of chronic stress. Here we established a low-dose chronic chemogenetic protocol to map these changes in positively and negatively motivated behaviors to specific brain regions. AAV-hM3Dq mediated chronic activation of SST neurons in the prelimbic cortex (PLC) had antidepressant drug-like effects on anxiety- and anhedonia-related motivated behaviors in male but not female mice. Analogous manipulation of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) had such effects in female but not male mice. Moreover, activation of SST neurons in the PLC of male and the vHPC of female mice resulted in stress resilience. Activation of SST neurons in the PLC reversed prior chronic stress-induced defects in motivated behavior in males but was ineffective in females. Conversely, activation of SST neurons in the vHPC reversed chronic stress-induced behavioral alterations in females but not males. Quantitation of c-Fos+ and FosB+ neurons in chronic stress-exposed mice revealed that chronic activation of SST neurons leads to a paradoxical increase in pyramidal cell activity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that GABAergic microcircuits driven by dendrite targeting interneurons enable sex- and brain-region-specific neural plasticity that promotes stress resilience and reverses stress-induced anxiety- and anhedonia-like motivated behavior. Our studies provide a mechanistic rationale for antidepressant efficacy of dendrite-targeting, low-potency GABAA receptor agonists, independent of sex and despite striking sex differences in the relevant brain substrates.