bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computation of Seepage Losses and Economic Analysis of Canal Lining- A Case Study of Hajira Branch Canal
Authors: Mistry khyati , Khasiya Rajabhai , Patel Jayanti
Published: June 2023

Canals are the major conveyance system of any irrigation project, delivering irrigation water to fields. Irrigation schemes include an extensive distribution system which is an expensive proposition. So, it is necessary to ensure that large water losses do not occur due to seepage. Most of these canals are earthen so considerable water losses occur due to seepage. These losses can be overcome by lining the bed and sides of the canal cross-section with impervious material. Canal lining improves the efficiency of the canal by reducing the canal seepage. Improved efficiency leads to saving huge amounts of irrigation water, and thereafter, can cover more land area under irrigation. The main aim of this study is to find out which kind of lining is best suited to canal cross-section in accordance with the cost criteria. The study area is the Hajira branch canal which takes off from the Kakarapar right bank main canal. The present work is divided into 3 parts. In the first part, seepage losses from the canal are computed. In the second part, different types of lining are studied and the lining which is best suited to the canal is selected and its design is done. In the third part cost estimation is done of the canal lining.
Evaluating the Seismic Behavior of RC Structures: A Comparative Study of Framed Tube and Shear Wall Systems for Varying Numbers of Stories
Authors: Sutar Sourabh , Patil Rahul D.
Published: June 2023

Through a comparison of framed tube systems and shear wall systems for various story counts, this work evaluates the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The goal is to use the ETABS software to evaluate how well these structural systems perform when subjected to seismic and wind loads. Analysis of storey displacements, a crucial performance metric for both lateral load resisting systems, is the study's main objective. To analyse structures, we use the Response Spectrum Method. The findings show that the framed tube structure outperforms the shear wall system in terms of seismic resistance, showing decreased displacements, greater drift ratios, increased base shear forces, and improved structural ductility. These results imply that framed tube structures can be used as workable substitutes for tall buildings situated in seismic regions. To avoid excessive deformation and failure, it is necessary to include enough stiffness and strength in the design phase. The study also highlights how crucial it is to look into how material properties, loading patterns, and interactions between the structure and the ground affect these systems' seismic stability. The findings of this study show the earthquake resistance and dependability of framed tube structures and have major implications for high-rise building design and construction in seismic regions.
DNA extraction method affects diversity indices of ecosystem microbiota
Authors: Galla Giulio , Praeg Nadine , Rzehak Theresa , Sprecher Else , Colla Filippo , Seeber Julia , Illmer Paul , Hauffe Heidi Christine
Published: June 2023

Background
Metataxonomic studies of ecosystem microbiotas require the simultaneous processing of samples with contrasting physical and biochemical traits to guarantee that diversity indices are comparable. However, DNA extraction can induce undesired bias in the microbial community composition and hamper the detection of meaningful biological patterns in metataxonomic datasets. Therefore, to compare microbiotas of samples with different requirements for DNA extraction, the methodological variation resulting from the adoption of different extraction method needs to be considered and quantified. There are currently no studies in which different DNA extraction kits were compared across the main components of terrestrial ecosystems, such as soil, rhizosphere, invertebrate animals, and mammalian feces.
Results
Five DNA extraction kits designed for the extraction of nucleic acids from soil, feces and animal tissue were used to investigate the composition and diversity of microbota of a subset of samples typically studied in terrestrial ecosystems such as soil (bulk soil and rhizosphere soil), invertebrate taxa (Nematoda, Coleoptera) and mammalian feces (B. taurus and Lepus spp.) Our data shows that each DNA extraction method leads to significant differences in the relative abundance of several prokaryotic taxa. Furthermore, we demonstrate that kit selection has the potential to bias both alpha and beta diversity estimates. Importantly, the impact of DNA extraction kit on sample diversity estimates varies according to the sample type, with mammal feces and soil samples showing the most and least consistent results across DNA extraction kits, respectively.
Conclusion
The selection of DNA extraction kits for large-scale microbial ecological studies involving the comparison of microbiotas of heterogeneous sample types should consider sample susceptibility to methodological variation. From the comparisons of five DNA extraction kits commonly used to study soil, feces and invertebrates, we showed that NucleoSpin® Soil (MACHEREY-NAGEL; MNS) and QIAamp® Fast DNA Stool Mini (QIAGEN; QST) were associated with the highest and lowest alpha and beta diversity estimates across the different sample types, respectively. These observations indicate that MNS efficiently captures both the composition and diversity of microbial communities found in the terrestrial samples considered in this study, and we recommend its use for any large-scale microbiota study of terrestrial ecosystems.
Mechanism of circDYM/CEBPB/ZC3H4 axis in LPS-induced Microglial Apoptosis
Authors: Zhou Zhongqiu , Ye Qingqing , Ren Hui , Yang Li , Zhang Yuan , Han Bing , Yao Honghong , Bai Ying
Published: June 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subtype of non-coding RNAs and contribute to the various central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, microglia apoptosis which is regulated by circRNAs in major depressive disorder (MDD) is incompletely clear. Herein, we have shown that the circular RNA DYM (circDYM) binds to the transcription factor CEBPB, thereby releasing repression of CEBPB target gene ZC3H4 transcription. The result of our study provides new insights in function of circDYM to microglia apoptosis in depression. Taken together, we identify that circRNA drives neuroinflammation and serves as a new potential target for therapy of depression.
Transcranial direct current stimulation improves time perception in children with ADHD
Authors: Nejati Vahid , Mirikaram Fateme , Nitsche Michael
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose: Individuals with ADHD struggle with time perception. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are two distinct cortical areas that are involved in the psychopathology of ADHD, including time perception. In the present study, we aimed to explore if modulation of the excitability of these areas with non-invasive brain stimulation alters time perception in ADHD.
Material and methods: Twenty-six children with ADHD performed time discrimination and time estimation/reproduction tasks in five sessions with one week interval and specific tDCS conditions. The tDCS conditions were anodal left dlPFC/cathodal right vmPFC, the reversed electrode positioning, isolated anodal left dlPFC, right vmPFC stimulation with extracranial return electrodes, and sham stimulation.
Results: An improved time discrimination was observed in all real stimulation conditions compared to sham stimulation, however the results did not differ between real stimulation conditions. For the time reproduction/estimation task, anodal vmPFC/cathodal dlPFC, isolated anodal dlPFC stimulation and isolated anodal vmPFC stimulation with extracranial return electrodes improved time reproduction, but not estimation, compared to sham stimulation.
Conclusion: These results imply that the left dlPFC and right vmPFC are involved in time estimation, whereas the right vmPFC might be more critical for time reproduction. This finding is discussed in light of task and stimulus properties.
Predicting mortality in pediatric sepsis: A real-world data analysis using a pediatric sepsis surveillance method
Authors: Miura Shinya , Michihata Nobuaki
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Sepsis surveillance methods using electronic medical records based on the latest definition of sepsis are increasingly used to describe the real-world epidemiology of adult sepsis. However, its application in pediatric populations has been limited, and pediatric sepsis outside pediatric intensive care units has not been well studied. We aimed to determine whether this surveillance method could identify children with sepsis at high-risk of mortality and to evaluate the criteria for organ dysfunction within the method.
Methods
From an inpatient database including ≥ 200 acute-care hospitals in Japan, we included children of ≤ 21 years of age who were admitted to hospitals between 2014 and 2021, underwent blood culture tests, and received antimicrobial treatment for ≥ 4 days. We stratified these children into children with sepsis or without sepsis by the presence of organ dysfunction. We evaluated the discrimination for in-hospital mortality by the sepsis diagnosis, the number of organ dysfunction and modified criteria for sepsis diagnosis.
Results
Among 6553 eligible children, the in-hospital mortality was 7.2% in 875 children with sepsis and 0.2% in 5678 children without sepsis. Sepsis diagnosis discriminated in-hospital mortality with a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.87. In-hospital mortality incrementally increased with the number of organ dysfunction; zero, 0.2%; one, 3.4%; two, 12.7%; three, 20.9%; four, 33.3%; and five, 50.0%. The area under the curve (AUC) for mortality based on the number of organ dysfunction was 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.93). The sensitivity and AUC value slightly improved after modifying the criterion for hepatic dysfunction.
Conclusions
The surveillance method effectively identified children with sepsis with high-risk of mortality and demonstrated strong discrimination of mortality. Further refinement of the method may be possible by adjusting the criteria.
Colour Transition of Flowers
Authors: K Athira , R Sajeev C. , R Jaishanker
Published: June 2023

Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms. The floral colors of angiosperms are important to attract pollinators and convey information about the state of the plant and its environment. Colors (including floral colors) are objectively represented by three-dimensional models. The authors represent floral colors in Commission Internationale d`Eclairage (CIE) L a b model and assess its temporal drift over seven hours using (CIE ΔE) 2000. The present study measures the drift of floral colors, compares the floral colors, illustrates perceptible temporal changes in floral colors, and suggests the inclusion of time as the fourth dimension to precisely represent floral color.
Glutathione Reductase change the tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis of colon cancer：A study based on proteomic analysis
Authors: Wang Yuyao , Wu Ju , Chen Xi , Ji Rui , Zang Shuning , Nie Zhequn , Yin Jiajun
Published: June 2023

Background
Colonic malignant tumor cells can cause metabolic changes in the harsh microenvironment. Glutathione reductase (GSR) plays a key role in anti-oxidative stress in tumor cells, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of GSR in patients with colon cancer and its effect on tumor microenvironment.
Methods
Differential proteins of colon cancer and normal intestinal tissues were obtained by proteomic differential analysis, and key proteins in metabolic pathways were identified by enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis. Survival analysis, immune infiltration analysis and clinical information correlation analysis were performed.
Results
A total of 1209 differentially expressed proteins were identified in 10 colon cancer samples. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differential proteins were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, with 144 enriched genes (p < 0.05). PPI analysis showed that ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH5, ALDH18A1, ALDH3A1, GSTA1, GSTA2, HPGDS and GSR were the key proteins in the differential proteins metabolic pathway of colon cancer. GEPIA2 survival analysis showed that GSR significantly affected overall survival of colon cancer patients (p = 0.0017, HR = 0.45). Timer and TISIDB database analysis showed that the expression of GSR in colon cancer can significantly affect the level of immune cell infiltration. UALCAN database analysis showed that GSR expression predicted better N stage, overall stage and lower TP53 mutation rate of colon cancer (p < 0.05). The results of HPA database analysis suggested that GSR was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclear membrane of colonic malignant tumor cells.
Conclusions
Our study found that GSR plays an important role in the metabolic pathway of colon cancer and affects the prognosis of patients with statistical significance. GSR significantly affects the tumor immune microenvironment, clinical stage and TP53 mutation rate of colonic malignancies. This study provides some basis for the mechanism research and treatment of colon malignancy.
A multi-omics study to investigate the progression of the Correa pathway in gastric mucosa in the context of cirrhosis
Authors: Ma Ruiguang , Li Qian , You Guoxian , Wang Jun , Li Yueyue , Xu Xinyan , Zhu Yiqing , Dong Min , Gao Yanjing , Li Lixiang , Li Zhen
Published: June 2023

Background
Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) are prone to gastric mucosa damage. We investigated the alterations of gastric mucosa in LC patients and their possible mechanisms through multi-omics.
Results
We observed significant gastric mucosa microbial dysbiosis in LC subjects. Gastric mucosal microbiomes of LC patients contained a higher relative abundance of Streptococcus, Neisseria, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Porphyromonas, as well as a decreased abundance in Helicobacter and Achromobacter, than control subjects. The LC patients had higher levels of bile acids (BAs) and long-chain acylcarnitines (long-chain ACs) in serum. The gastric mucosal microbiomes were associated with serum levels of BAs and long-chain ACs. Transcriptome analyses of gastric mucosa revealed an upregulation of endothelial cell specific molecule 1, serpin family E member 1, mucin 2, caudal type homeobox 2, retinol binding protein 2, and defensin alpha 5 in LC group. Besides, the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in the LC group.
Conclusions
The alterations in the gastric mucosal microbiome and transcriptome of LC patients were identified. The impaired energy metabolism and hypoxia in gastric mucosal cells might aggravate the inflammation of gastric mucosa and even exacerbate the Correa's cascade process.
Trial registration number ChiCTR2100051070
Impact of radiation therapy and alpha-fetoprotein level on survival outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based study
Authors: Yuan Zheping , Li Xiawei
Published: June 2023

Background
The use of radiation therapy (RT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a matter for debate. Recently published research indicate that advanced RT techniques may improve survival in patients with HCC. This study aimed to evaluate this hypothesis in a large-scale retrospective cohort. The effect of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was taken into account because of its important role in the prognosis of HCC.
Methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for adults patients diagnosed 2010–2019 with HCC (≥ 18 years). The study population was divided into four groups: Non-radiation & AFP-positive (reference), Non-radiation & AF-negative, Radiation & AFP-positive, Radiation & AFP-negative. Distant metastasis (DM) was used as a stratification factor. Differences in 5-year overall survival (OS) of the four groups were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR).
Results
A total of 34,656 patients were eligible for this analysis, including 21,084 (60.8%), 8,449 (24.4%), 3,810 (11.0%) and 1,313 (3.8%) in the Non-radiation & AFP-positive, Non-radiation & AF-negative, Radiation & AFP-positive and Radiation & AFP-negative groups, respectively. Median OSs of the four groups were 3, 4, 5 and 11 months in the DM cohort, and 12, 28, 15, and 28 months in the Non-DM cohort. Patients in the Radiation & AFP - group had the best OS and patients in the Non-radiation & AFP + group had the worst OS (adjusted HR [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.497 [0.399–0.619] in the DM cohort, and 0.405 [0.372–0.441] in the Non-DM cohort). Radiation & AFP + also showed improved survival compared with the reference group (adjusted HR [95%CI]: 0.725 [0.657–0.801] in the DM cohort, and 0.630 [0.600-0.661] in the Non-DM cohort).
Conclusions
This population-based cohort study confirmed a significant improvement in overall survival with radiation therapy in HCC. AFP-negative patients benefit the most from RT. Superior OS of radiation therapy and AFP-negative status persisted even in patients with complex metastasis patterns. Our data suggest that radiation may provide an alternative modality for unresectable HCC.
Genomic evidence for large inversions in the polar cod Boreogadus saida at similar chromosomal locations as found in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua
Authors: Einarsson Axel Wilhelm , Árnason Einar , Halldórsdóttir Katrín
Published: June 2023

Chromosomal structural rearrangements such as inversions are large scale genomic mutations. Inversions suppress recombination in heterozygotes and are often referred to as supergenes if they combine adaptive gene complexes within their genomic islands of differentiation. Such islands are known in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), maintaining genomic divergence that define known ecotypes. Little is known about the genome architecture of the related polar cod (Boreogadus saida) although its panmictic distribution suggests small, if any, genetic diversity and population divergence. However, previous observations show seasonal and spatial variation in biological and ecological characteristics that strongly indicate distinct populations, although genetic analyses have not yet been conclusive. Here we use four approaches and find genomic evidence for inversions in a sample of polar cod from north-eastern Greenland at the same chromosomal locations as are found in Atlantic cod. The inversions on chromosomes 1 and 7 in the Atlantic cod, both linked to temperature adaptation, are also present in the polar cod. There is a geographical separation among these different inversions. The polar cod is a key player in the Arctic food-web, transferring a large share of energy from plankton to mammals and birds. With warming temperatures, cold adapted gadid species such as the polar cod are under threat, as is the whole Arctic ecosystem. As the habitat of polar cod is already shrinking, these results may aid our understanding of polar cod’s future success or demise.
Comparative Morphological Characterization of Skin after Subcutaneous Application of Hyaluronic Acid and Polycaprolactone in Rats: Establishment of an Experimental Model
Authors: Braga Cintia Melo , Rebouças Conceicao da Silva Martins , Melo Deborah Nunes , Nunes Ana Paula Negreiros , Góes Paula , Morais Maria Luana Gaudencio dos Santos , Brito Gerly Anne Castro , Leitão Renata F.C
Published: June 2023

Injectable facial fillers are excellent options for treating facial aging, wrinkles, and contour defects. Both polycaprolactone (PCL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been used to restore lost tissue volume and improve facial contour. However, the mechanisms involved in the effect of these biomaterials still need to be fully understood. The present work aims to establish an experimental model to investigate cellular and morphological changes in the skin of Wistar rats in response to HA and PCL to understand the mechanisms associated with these effects. The subcutaneous tissue of the back of Wistar rats was used as a reception area for biomaterials, represented by the commercial products Ellansé®, containing polycaprolactone (PCL) and Juvederm Voluma®, containing hyaluronic acid (HA). Animals were euthanized afetr 30 or 60 days, and skin samples were collected from treated and untreated animals (CONTROL) for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation for IBA-1, TGF-β, and FGF. Analysis of type I and type III collagen deposition, neovascularization, and adipose tissue was performed. On histological examination, HA appeared as an amorphous, basophilic material interspersed with connective tissue bundles. The skin fragments with PCL showed intense cell proliferation, with foreign body giant cells and a higher capillary proliferation than the HA group. More vessels were observed in the HA and PCL groups compared to the CONTROL group. A significant increase in fibroblasts and fibrocytes was observed in skin fragments inoculated with HA and PCL, associated with increased FGF expression. The number of fibroblasts was significantly higher in the PCL group than HA. The PCL group showed higher immunostaining for IBA-1 and TGF-β than the CONTROL and HA groups. Collagen deposition was observed in the treated groups, especially type III collagen in the PCL group, when compared to HA. Our morphological results demonstrated stimulation of fibroblastic activity and active-related tissue regeneration, with increased vascular proliferation and expression of markers related to tissue proliferation, mainly associated with the PCL group. We also observed increased adipose tissue, although further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Nonclassical polariton phenomena in a triple-micropillar system
Authors: T.A. Khudaiberganov , I.Yu. Chestnov , S.M. Arakelian
Published: June 2023

We investigate quantum phenomena in a system of three coupled microcavities each supporting regime of strong coupling with exciton resonance. The possibility of observing a polariton blockade in a dimer and trimer configuration is discussed. We identify the resonance conditions corresponding to the onset of the photon blockade. The discovered quantum effects allow for using these systems as versatile sources of individual polaritons. Various manifestations of the quantum blockade can be tuned with the use of the pumping laser frequency. We demonstrate that the presence of the complex coupling between the pillars enhances manifestations of sub-Poissonian statistics of polaritons.
Prevalence of Mutations in Common Tumour Types in Northern England and Comparable Utility of National and International Trial Finders
Authors: Rae Sarah , Plummer Emily , Fitzgerald Laura , Hogarth Linda , Bridgewood Alison , Brown-Schofield Lisa-Jayne , Graham Jodie , Haigh Shaun , McAnulty Ciaron , Drew Yvette , Haris Noor , Bashir Saira , Plummer Ruth , Greystoke Alastair
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE:
Tumour genomic profiling is of increasing importance in early phase trials to match patients to targeted therapeutics. Mutations vary by demographic group, however, regional differences are not characterised. This was investigated by comparing mutation prevalence for common cancers presenting to Newcastle Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and utility of trial matching modalities.
METHODS:
Detailed clinicogenomic data was obtained for patients presenting September 2017 – December 2020. Prevalence of mutations in lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer was compared to TCGA GDC Data Portal. Experimental Cancer (EC) Trial Finder utility in matching trials was compared to Molecular Tumour Boards (MTB) commercial sequencing reports.
RESULTS:
Of 311 patients with advanced cancer this consisted of lung (n = 131, 42.1%), colorectal (n = 44, 14.1%), breast (n = 36, 11.6%) and prostate (n = 18, 5.6%). More than one mutation was identified in the majority (n = 260, 84%). Significant prevalence differences compared to TCGA were identified, including a high prevalence of EGFR in lung (P = 0.001); RB1 in lung and breast (P = 0.01, P = 0.0002); and multiple mutations in prostate cancer. EC Trial Finder demonstrated significantly different utility than sequencing reports in identifying trials (P = 0.007).
CONCLUSIONS:
Regional differences in mutations may exist with advanced stage accounting for prevalence of specific mutations. A national Trial Finder shows utility in finding targeted trials whilst commercial sequencing reports may over-report ‘actionable’ mutations. Understanding local prevalence and trial availability could increase enrolment onto matched early phase trials.
An in silico investigation of the phytomolecules present in Piper longum roots as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Singh Indrajeet , Israr Juveriya , Kumar Ajay
Published: June 2023

The epidemic of COVID-19 brought on by SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus related to SARS) as well as its variants is still a life-threatening and critical risk to public health around the world. Due to the COVID-19 virus's propensity for mutation, the pandemic is still spreading havoc compared to SARS-CoV-2. Several phytochemicals are now undergoing in silico analysis for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy. Scientists all over the world are on the lookout for novel lead phytochemicals that can effectively block SARS-CoV-2 entrance and infection in host cells. Piper longum phytomolecules suggest that it may be more effective to use natural remedies and herbal extracts to improve immunity and fight the infection. In this current in silico study of different Piper longum phytochemicals like sesamin, piperine, gamma-sitosterol, and epizonarene, Utilizing Lipinski's rule, study the drugability guidelines and oral bioavailability of these compounds. Four putative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets were explored using the top four ligands in a comparative study. Our finding shows that sesamin, piperine, gamma-sitostenone, and epizonarene all displayed binding affinity values of -8.9, -7.8, -7.4, and − 7.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Sesamin was found to have a greater negative binding energy toward the SARS-CoV-2 targets, which is a significant finding. We concluded that sesamin may be effective as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2.
Incidence of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Hirschsprung Disease Based on the Cosmos Database
Authors: Wehrli Lea A. , Reppucci Marina L. , Ketzer Jill , Dominguez-Muñoz Alfredo , Cooper Emily H. , Peña Alberto , Bischoff Andrea , Torre Luis De La
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2A (MEN2A) can occur with Hirschsprung disease (HD) due to mutation in the RET proto-oncogene, with the majority developing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Given the comorbidity, many parents have contacted us to share concerns and unfortunate experiences about the prevalence rates of MEN2A/MTC in patients with HD. The aim is to determine the prevalence rate of patients with HD and MEN2A or medullary thyroid carcinoma, respectively.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of the COSMOS database from January 01, 2017, to March 08, 2023. The database was searched for patients diagnosed with MEN2A, MTC, and HD. IRB exemption was provided (COMIRB #23–0526).
Results
The database contained 183,993,122 patients from 198 contributing organizations. The prevalence of HD and MEN2A was 0.00002%, and for HD and MTC was 0.000009%. One in 66 patients (1.5%) with MEN2A also had HD. One in 319 patients (0.3%) in the HD group had MEN2A. One in 839 patients (0.1%) within the HD population had MTC.
Conclusion
The prevalence of MTC and HD or MEN2A and HD in the study population was low. Considering that almost all MEN2A patients have a positive family history, this data does not support the general genetic testing of HD patients.
An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness
Authors: Melloni Lucia , Consortium Cogitate , Ferrante Oscar , Gorska-Klimowska Urszula , Henin Simon , Hirschhorn Rony , Khalaf Aya , Lepauvre Alex , Liu Ling , Richter David , Vidal Yamil , Bonacchi Niccolò , Brown Tanya , Sri Praveen , Armendariz Marcelo , Bendtz Katarina , Ghafari Tara , Hetenyi Dorottya , Jeschke Jay , Kozma Csaba , Mazumder David , Montenegro Stephanie , Seedat Alia , Sharafeldin Abdelrahman , Yang Shujun , Baillet Sylvain , Chalmers David , Cichy Radoslaw , Fallon Francis , Panagiotaropoulos Theofanis , Blumenfeld Hal , Devore Sasha , Jensen Ole , Kreiman Gabriel , de Lange Floris , Luo Huan , Boly Melanie , Dehaene Stanislas , Koch Christof , Tononi Giulio , Pitts Michael , Mudrik Liad
Published: June 2023

Different theories explain how subjective experience arises from brain activity1,2. These theories have independently accrued evidence, yet, confirmation bias and dependence on design choices hamper progress in the field3. Here, we present an open science adversarial collaboration which directly juxtaposes Integrated Information Theory (IIT)4,5 and Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT)6-10, employing a theory-neutral consortium approach11,12. We investigate neural correlates of the content and duration of visual experience. The theory proponents and the consortium developed and preregistered the experimental design, divergent predictions, expected outcomes, and their interpretation12. 256 human subjects viewed suprathreshold stimuli for variable durations while neural activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electrocorticography. We find information about conscious content in visual, ventro-temporal and inferior frontal cortex, with sustained responses in occipital and lateral temporal cortex reflecting stimulus duration, and content-specific synchronization between frontal and early visual areas. These results confirm some predictions of IIT and GNWT, while substantially challenging both theories: for IIT, a lack of sustained synchronization within posterior cortex contradicts the claim that network connectivity specifies consciousness. GNWT is challenged by the general lack of ignition at stimulus offset and limited representation of certain conscious dimensions in prefrontal cortex. Beyond challenging the theories themselves, we present an alternative approach to advance cognitive neuroscience through a principled, theory-driven, collaborative effort. We highlight the challenges to change people’s mind 13 and the need for a quantitative framework integrating evidence for systematic theory testing and building.
The HCF property research of quenched crankshaft based on the stress field intensity method and the multi-physic field Coupling Numerical simulation approach
Authors: Songsong Sun , Xiaolin Gong
Published: June 2023

Nowadays the applicability of the electromagnetic induction quenching approach has diffused to the engine industry, especially for the parts made by metal materials such as the crankshafts. In this paper, quantitative study was adopted in researching the strengthening effect of this technique. First the multi-physics simulation was achieved to carry out the key information caused by this approach such as the temperature and residual stress distribution property. Then the fatigue limit load was predicted on account of the simulation results and the stress field intensity approach. Finally the feasibility of this prediction method was checked through standard bending fatigue experiment. The conclusions proposed from this paper is that the prediction method can provide accurate results in keeping with the experimental results, which makes it has very wide popularization and application prospects.
Automatic search model of railway shunting route based on improved artificial neural network algorithm
Authors: Niu Linjie
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the accuracy of route search and reduce the memory occupancy, a design method of automatic route search model for railway shunting based on improved artificial neural network algorithm is proposed. Build the road network topology that changes with time in real time, analyze the train route selection process, and remove the schemes that cannot be realized due to route conflict from the feasible solution set. According to the train route selection process, the improved artificial neural network method is used to optimize the train route arrangement at the station. Make full use of the similarity between the station yard structure and the binary tree structure to build an automatic search model for railway shunting routes, transform the route search process into the traversal process of the binary tree, simplify the search process, and improve the work efficiency. Finally, based on ant colony algorithm, the automatic search method of railway shunting route is optimized to generate dynamic route table and reduce the memory occupancy. The experimental results show that the method in this paper has a high accuracy of route search and a low memory occupation rate, which effectively improves the automatic route search effect of railway shunting.
Frailty and Comorbidities Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors Enrolled in an mHealth Physical Activity Intervention Trial
Authors: Coffman Erin M , Smitherman Andrew B. , Willis Erik A. , Ward Dianne S. , Tate Deborah F. , Valle Carmina G
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The physical frailty phenotype identifies individuals at risk for adverse health outcomes but has rarely been assessed among young adult cancer survivors (YACS). This study describes frailty status among YACS participating in a PA intervention trial.
Methods: YACS were categorized by frailty status at baseline using the 5-item FRAIL index: fatigue; weight loss; illness; ambulation; resistance. Chi-square tests compared frailty and comorbidities by characteristics. Prevalence rates (PRs) for the independent associations between characteristics, frailty, and comorbidities were estimated using modified Poisson regression models.
Results: Among 280 YACS (82% female, M=33.4±4.8 years, M=3.7±2.4 years post-diagnosis), 14% had frailty, and 24% prefrailty; the most frequent criteria were fatigue (70%), resistance (38%), and ambulation (14%). Compared to BMI <25, higher BMI (BMI 25-30, PR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.02-2.65; BMI > 30, PR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.46-3.81) was associated with increased frailty status. Compared to 0, 1-50 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with reduced frailty (PR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43-0.90). Most YACS (55%) reported > 1 comorbidity, most frequently depression (38%), thyroid condition (19%), and hypertension (10%). Men were less likely to report comorbidities (PR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42-0.93). Current/former smokers (PR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.64) were more likely to have comorbidities.
Conclusion: Prevalence of frailty and comorbidities in this sample was similar to other YACS cohorts and may be an indicator of accelerated aging and increased risk for poor outcomes.
Implications for Cancer Survivors: Assessment of frailty may help identify YACS at risk for adverse health outcomes.
The Effect of An On Body Personal Lift Assist Device (Jaipur Belt) On Trunk Muscle Fatiguability during a Repetitive Lifting Task In Manual Material Handlers – a non-randomized single-group trial.
Authors: Thomas Betty , K Shyam Krishnan , Prabhakar Ashish John , Nayak Megha M. , Eapen Charu
Published: June 2023

Background: An on body personal lift assist device (OBPLAD) is a non-motorized, passive device in which the elastic elements act as an external muscle power generator to assist lifting thereby offloading the trunk muscles. Though there is enough evidence for the use of OBPLAD generated through laboratory studies, we found a scarcity of evidence on the use of OBPLAD in real-life work settings, especially in the Indian population. This study investigates the effect of the Jaipur belt, an OBPLAD, on trunk muscle fatiguability while performing repetitive lifting task in manual material handlers.
Methodology: A non-randomized single group trial, in which 70 subjects engaged in manual material handling were recruited from industries in and around Mangalore. Subjects were made to perform a repetitive lifting task over a period of 15 minutes with and without an OBPLAD. Electromyographic data were recorded from rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, quadratus lumborum, and erector spinae from either side of the body, and the onset of fatigue was deduced from the changes in electromyographic parameters.
Results: We found a delay in the onset of fatigue in all the muscle groups studied while the lift was performed wearing the Jaipur belt. However, the findings were statistically significant only for right erector spinae, right rectus abdominis, left transverse abdominis, and left quadratus lumborum. It was found also that number of repetitions as well as time for which a task would be sustained were both found to be significantly better wearing an OBPLAD.
Conclusion: The findings of the study imply that the Jaipur belt could potentially delay the onset of fatigue in the trunk muscles while performing repetitive lifting task and hence, is proved to be useful in the prevention of fatigue-related musculoskeletal disorders of the lower back.
WHERE NATURE MEETS LUXURY: ISLAMIC TOURISM PRODUCT INDICATORS FOR ECO-GLAMPING (ITPIEG) SITES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM
Authors:   School of Halal Industry Management, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), UniversitiTeknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia., Samori Zakiah , Adila Mohd Nor Nor ,   Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Terengganu Campus, Dungun Branch, Terengganu, Malaysia., Zafir Md Saleh Nor ,   Assistant Dean of Continuing and Transnational Education, Aman Hashim International Business School, Management Department, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bharu, Malaysia.
Published: June 2023

Known as green tourism, ecotourism refers to traveling in natural areas that conserve the environment and sustain local peoples well-being. Natural beauty, relaxation, and harmony of the environment are among the benefits of ecotourism. Glamping has emerged as a global phenomenon in the outdoor hospitality sector in recent years as a combination of glamorous and camping. The trend of glamping site vacations is quite popular in developed countries, and has started to be prevalent in Malaysia. It is imperative to study these new tourism trends as academic research has emerged on glamping tourism. The aims of this study are to examine the indicators of accommodation and facilities offered by glamping operators and then consider the Malaysia experience on eco-glamping tourism. In light of how eco-glamping appeals to Muslim travellers, it shall further underscore in this study by developing an ITPI targeted specifically at the eco-glamping industry. This study is qualitative using systematic literature searches on priory research. The selected articles, documents, and relevant texts were then narratively reviewed and thematically organized. Comprehensive framework for Islamic Tourism Product Index (ITPI) offered by the Muslim friendly hospitality sector shall then be examined and identified. To gain insights into the findings of this study, content analysis is carried out to analyse the data. This study demonstrates that the comprehensive key indicators of the Islamic Tourism Product Index shall be extended to include glamping accommodations. It is strongly believed that the establishment of ITPI will satisfy the needs and interests of Muslim tourists while protecting the sustainability of the ecotourism industry.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN AL-AHSA, SAUDI ARABI, 2018-2022
Authors:   Senior Resident, Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Alahsa., Atiah Alqarni Abdullrahman , Baqer Algadeeb Rahma ,   Consultant of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Trainer- Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Alahsa., Mohamed Nouri Manahil ,   Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan., Baqer Algadeeb Kifah ,   Consultant, Adult Hematologist King Fahad Hospital-Hofuf, Alahsa., Amin Albaqshi Ibrahim ,   Senior Resident, Saudi Board of Internal Medicine, Alahsa., Ali Almousa Mohammed ,   Senior Resident, Saudi Board of Internal Medicine, Alahsa., Abdulhaq Alkhars Abdulwahab ,   Senior Resident, Saudi Board of Internal Medicine, Alahsa.
Published: June 2023

Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin S production, leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells, anemia, and high morbidity and mortality rates. In Saudi Arabia, sickle-cell mutation affects 4.45% of the population, with a mortality rate of 0.73%. This case-controlled study aimed to identify mortality-associated factors among adults with Sickle Cell disease in Al-Ahsa from 2018 to 2022. Univariate analysis revealed several independent risk factors for mortality, such as gender, older age, chronic disease, SCD complications, previous surgery, CXR infiltration, and positive blood culture. Males exhibit a higher risk of non-survival compared to females, potentially due to more severe symptoms and complications. Older patients (>35 years) face an increased risk of non-survival due to age-related end-organ damage. Comorbidities, such as renal diseases and bronchial asthma, are prevalent in SCD patients and worsen with age. Lower hemoglobin levels, higher hospitalization frequency, and vaso-occlusive crises are associated with increased mortality rates. The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive care, including specialist access, regular follow-up, and proper treatment, to improve survival outcomes. Early recognition and management of complications, such as renal failure and infection, along with interventions like vaccinations, prophylactic antibiotics, hydroxyurea, and splenectomy, can positively impact survival. Further research is needed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and develop more effective treatments for SCD.
WHICH FACTORS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASING MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN BANGLADESH?
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh., Mamunur Rashid Md. , Rahman Mostafizur ,   Professor, Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh., Kumar Roy Tapan ,   Professor, Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Modern contraceptive use not only prevents reproductive health-related problems among women but also controls rapid population growth. Contraceptive use and fertility are inversely related to each other. The objective of this study is to identify determinants of modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. Methods: The most recent data from the Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey 2017â€“18 were used in this study. We analyzed a total of 20,127 women of reproductive age (15â€“49 years). The multilevel logistic regression method was utilized to determine the significant factors of modern contraceptive use. A p-value (<0.05) with a 95% confidence interval was used to evaluate the statistically significant variables. Results: Our research revealed that modern contraceptive use was significantly associated with womens age, womens education, womens occupation, division, place of residence, exposure to mass media, wealth index, and religion. Women with higher educational status (OR= 1.39, 95% CI= 1.22-1.59) had a higher chance of using contraception than women with no education. Conclusion: The prevalence of modern contraceptive use is still low in Bangladesh. The study suggested that focusing on womens age, womens education, womens occupation, division, place of residence, exposure to mass media, wealth index, and religion might help to increase contraceptive use and reduce rapid population growth in Bangladesh.
RELATIONSHIP OF FASTING PLASMA ADIPONECTIN WITH FASTING PLASMA INSULIN IN YOUNG NON DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS
Authors:   Assisstant Professor, Department of Biochemistry Govt. Medical College, Kollam Kerala., Ameen A.S Al , P.C. Sindu ,   ProfessorDepartment of Biochemistry Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala., Jacob Jose ,   Professor and HODDepartment of Biochemistry Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue into blood circulation. Blood levels of adiponectin were found to be reduced in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. Adiponectin has also been linked to insulin resistance associated with high fat diet and obesity. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between fasting plasmaadiponectin and fastinginsulin with each other, and with family history of diabetes mellitus in young non diabetic males and females. Materials and methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala. Clinically healthy males and females between 18 and 25 years of age, were included in the study. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire with personal information, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other relevant information. Blood samples were collected and fasting serum glucose, serum insulin and serum adiponectin were estimated. Results and Discussion: The relationship between adiponectin and fasting insulin were evaluated. Fasting adiponectin was found to be significantly and negatively correlating with fasting insulin and glucose in young non diabetic individuals between 18 ÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Â“ 25 years of age. Adiponectin also showed a negative relationship with factors that were directly related to insulin, such as fasting glucose, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Higher level of adiponectin and lower level of insulin seen in young non diabetic individuals show that plasma adiponectin levels have a strong genetic predisposition.