bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic control of Goos-Hänchen shifts in a yttrium-iron-garnet film
Authors: Yu Wenjing , Sun Hua , Gao Lei
Published: March 2017

We investigate the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts reflected and transmitted by a yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) film for both normal and oblique incidence. It is found that the nonreciprocity effect of the MO material does not only result in a nonvanishing reflected shift at normal incidence, but also leads to a slab-thickness-independent term which breaks the symmetry between the reflected and transmitted shifts at oblique incidence. The asymptotic behaviors of the normal-incidence reflected shift are obtained in the vicinity of two characteristic frequencies corresponding to a minimum reflectivity and a total reflection, respectively. Moreover, the coexistence of two types of negative-reflected-shift (NRS) at oblique incidence is discussed. We show that the reversal of the shifts from positive to negative values can be realized by tuning the magnitude of applied magnetic field, the frequency of incident wave and the slab thickness as well as the incident angle. In addition, we further investigate two special cases for practical purposes: the reflected shift with a total reflection and the transmitted shift with a total transmission. Numerical simulations are also performed to verify our analytical results.
Corticosterone activity during early weaning reprograms molecular markers in rat gastric secretory cells
Authors: Zulian Juliana Guimarães , Hosoya Larissa Yukari Massarenti , Figueiredo Priscila Moreira , Ogias Daniela , Osaki Luciana Harumi , Gama Patricia
Published: March 2017

Gastric epithelial cells differentiate throughout the third postnatal week in rats, and become completely functional by weaning time. When suckling is interrupted by early weaning (EW), cell proliferation and differentiation change in the gastric mucosa, and regulatory mechanisms might involve corticosterone activity. Here we used EW and RU486 (glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) to investigate the roles of corticosterone on differentiation of mucous neck (MNC) and zymogenic cells (ZC) in rats, and to evaluate whether effects persisted in young adults. MNC give rise to ZC, and mucin 6, Mist1, pepsinogen a5 and pepsinogen C are produced to characterize these cells. We found that in pups, EW augmented the expression of mucins, Mist1 and pepsinogen C at mRNA and protein levels, and it changed the number of MNC and ZC. Corticosterone regulated pepsinogen C expression, and MNC and ZC distributions. Further, the changes on MNC population and pepsinogen C were maintained until early- adult life. Therefore, by using EW as a model for altered corticosterone activity in rats, we demonstrated that the differentiation of secretory epithelial cells is sensitive to the type of nutrient in the lumen. Moreover, this environmental perception activates corticosterone to change maturation and reprogram cellular functions in adulthood.
Synthesis of Ta3N5/Bi2MoO6core–shell fiber-shaped heterojunctions as efficient and easily recyclable photocatalysts
Authors: Li Shijie , Shen Xiaofeng , Liu Jianshe , Zhang Lisha
Published: March 2017

Ta3N5/Bi2MoO6core–shell fiber-shaped heterojunctions have been prepared, and they can be used as efficient and easily recyclable photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
Probing the interplay between geometric and electronic structure in a two-dimensional K–TCNQ charge transfer network
Authors: Blowey P. J. , Rochford L. A. , Duncan D. A. , Warr D. A. , Lee T.-L. , Woodruff D. P. , Costantini G.
Published: March 2017

Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), ultraviolet and soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS and SXPS) have been used to characterise the formation of a coadsorption phase of TCNQ and K on Ag(111), while the normal incident X-ray standing waves (NIXSW) technique has been used to obtain quantitative structural information. STM and LEED show that an ordered incommensurate phase is formed in which the K atoms are surrounded by four TCNQ molecules in a ‘windmill’ motif, characteristic of other metal/TCNQ phases, in which the nominal TCNQ : K stoichiometry is 1 : 1. UPS and SXPS data indicate the TCNQ is in a negatively-charged state. NIXSW results show that the carbon core of the TCNQ is essentially planar at a height above the Ag(111) surface closely similar to that found without coadsorbed K. In the presence of TCNQ the height of the K ions above the surface is significantly larger than on clean Ag(111), and the ions occupy sites above ‘holes’ in the TCNQ network. NIXSW data also show that the N atoms in the molecules must occupy sites with at least two different heights above the surface, which can be reconciled by a tilt or twist of the TCNQ molecules, broadly similar to the geometry that occurs in bulk TCNQ/K crystals.
New insights into polyene macrolide biosynthesis in Couchioplanes caeruleus
Authors: Sheehan J. , Murphy C. D. , Caffrey P.
Published: March 2017

Analysis of 67–121 biosynthesis reveals how aromatic heptaene producers impose double bond geometry and avoid interference with folate biosynthesis.
Insight into the complete substrate-binding pocket of ThiT by chemical and genetic mutations
Authors: Swier L. J. Y. M. , Monjas L. , Reeßing F. , Oudshoorn R. C. , Aisyah Aisyah , Primke T. , Bakker M. M. , van Olst E. , Ritschel T. , Faustino I. , Marrink S. J. , Hirsch A. K. H. , Slotboom D. J.
Published: March 2017

Exploring binding opportunities in the pocket of ThiT, a S-component for the transport of thiamine.
Molecular design through computational simulation on the benzo[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene-based highly ordered donor material for efficient polymer solar cells
Authors: Jeon Sung Jae , Nam Seung Jun , Han Yong Woon , Lee Tae Ho , Moon Doo Kyung
Published: March 2017

Donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers have been proved to be excellent candidates for efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs).
Novel terpolymers as viscosity reducing agent for Tahe super heavy oil
Authors: Mao Jincheng , Liu Jiawei , Wang Haibin , Yang Xiaojiang , Zhang Zhaoyang , Yang Bo , Zhao Jinzhou
Published: March 2017

This novel oil-soluble terpolymers can successfully prevent further agglomeration of resin and asphaltene molecules and improve mobility of heavy oil.
Polarization independent and tunable plasmon induced transparency for slow light
Authors: Yang Hanning , Owiti Edgar , Pei Yanbo , Li Siren , Liu Peng , Sun Xiudong
Published: March 2017

A novel metamaterial composed of a Ag nanoprism periodic tetramer is proposed in this paper.
In situ DRIFT investigation on the photocatalytic NO oxidation mechanism with thermally exfoliated porous g-C3N4nanosheets
Authors: Wang Hong , He Wenjie , Dong Xing'an , Jiang Guangming , Zhang Yuxin , Sun Yanjuan , Dong Fan
Published: March 2017

A cell for FT-IR with anin situphoto-reactor was developed to investigate the photocatalytic NO oxidation mechanism on foliated porous g-C3N4nanosheets.
Correction: Enhanced anti-Stokes luminescence in LaNbO4:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Yb3+, Er3+/Ho3+/Tm3+) with abundant color
Authors: Huang Huining , Zhou Haifeng , Zhou Juan , Wang Tao , Huang Dapeng , Wu Yaqiang , Sun Leilei , Zhou Guangjun , Zhan Jie , Hu Jifan
Published: March 2017

Correction for ‘Enhanced anti-stocks luminescence in LaNbO4:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Yb3+, Er3+/Ho3+/Tm3+) with abundant color’ by Huining Huang et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 16777–16786.
Enantioselective propargylic [1,3]-rearrangements: copper-catalyzed O-to-N migrations toward C–N bond formation
Authors: Cheng Li-Jie , Brown Alexander P. N. , Cordier Christopher J.
Published: March 2017

We have identified an enantioselective copper-catalyzed O-to-N formal [1,3]-rearrangement to form N-propargylic-2-pyridones.
Sandwich-structured TiO2 inverse opal circulates slow photons for tremendous improvement in solar energy conversion efficiency
Authors: Eftekhari Ehsan , Broisson Pierre , Aravindakshan Nikhil , Wu Zhiqing , Cole Ivan S. , Li Xiaomin , Zhao Dongyuan , Li Qin
Published: March 2017

Slow photon circulation in a sandwich-structured TiO2 inverse opal results in tremendously improved photon absorption.
Transition metal oxides with one-dimensional/one-dimensional-analogue nanostructures for advanced supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Guangxun , Xiao Xiao , Li Bing , Gu Peng , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan
Published: March 2017

Controlled synthesis for electrode materials and excellent electrochemical performances were introduced for advanced supercapacitors.
Carbon dots: materials, synthesis, properties and approaches to long-wavelength and multicolor emission
Authors: Wu Zhu Lian , Liu Ze Xi , Yuan Yun Huan
Published: March 2017

In this mini review, we briefly summarized the raw materials, synthesis and typical properties of CDs and ways to realize long-wavelength and multicolor emission including surface state and size controlled by synthesis strategies, proper precursors, chemical doping and modification, solvatochromic effects and energy transfer.
Merging plasmonics and metamaterials by two-dimensional subwavelength structures
Authors: Pu Mingbo , Ma Xiaoliang , Li Xiong , Guo Yinghui , Luo Xiangang
Published: March 2017

Functional plasmonic 2D subwavelength structures are reviewed in a new framework of modes exchanging between freely propagating and bound waves.
Colloidal stable quantum dots modified by dual functional group polymers for inkjet printing
Authors: Han Ting , Yuan Ye , Liang Xiao , Zhang Yang , Xiong Chuanxi , Dong Lijie
Published: March 2017

A new ligand was reported to effectively prepare water-dispersible QDs with remarkable colloidal stability for inkjet printing.
Time‐modulated FDA for physical‐layer security
Authors: Nusenu Shaddrack Yaw , Wang Wen‐Qin , Xiong Jie
Published: March 2017

In this study, the authors propose a time‐modulated frequency diverse array (FDA) by combining time‐modulated array (TMA) and FDA for physical‐layer security. The proposed scheme has two‐folds: first, the information codes are specifically designed for the FDA elements switching alternatively, which produces a specified directional pattern projecting the phase‐modulation signal as a constellation in the desired range–angle section while distorting in other areas. Second, a switching scheme is adapted for the TMA according to the spreading sequence associated with the transmitted signal and the desired receiver position. In such a fashion, only the receiver located at the pre‐specified range–angle position can demodulate the received signal successfully but the distorted signals radiated to other undesired range–angle positions will be difficult to demodulate by the eavesdroppers even if with the knowledge of the spread sequence. Numerical results show that, due to the range–angle‐dependent characteristics, the proposed method offers more secure transmission performance and outperforms the traditional phased‐array‐based directional modulation method.
Phase equilibria of the Cu-Sn-Ti ternary system at 823K
Authors: Zhou Guo-jun , Zhou Yong , Luo Yun
Published: March 2017

The isothermal section in the Cu-Sn enrich part of the Cu-Sn-Ti ternary system at 823K was determined by using solid-solid-liquid diffusion triple approach. One ternary compound CuSnTi was found, and 12 three-phase fields were detected. The following 10 three-phase regions are well established: CuTi2+CuTi+Sn5Ti6, Sn5Ti6+Sn3Ti2+ CuSnTi, Liquid+Sn3Ti2+CuSnTi, Liquid+CuSnTi+Cu3Sn, CuTi+Cu4Ti3+Sn5Ti6, CuSnTi+Cu4Ti3+Sn5Ti6, CuSnTi+Cu3Sn+Cu41Sn11, CuSnTi+Cu41Sn11+Bcc_a2, CuSnTi+Cu4Ti+Cu, and CuSnTi+Bcc_a2+Cu. Phase relations in the Ti-enrich corner of this system require further investigation.
Temperature-dependent Faraday rotation and magnetization reorientation in cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet thin films
Authors: Lage Enno , Beran Lukas , Quindeau Andy Udo , Ohnoutek Lukas , Kucera Miroslav , Antos Roman , Sani Sohrab Redjai , Dionne Gerald F. , Veis Martin , Ross Caroline A.
Published: March 2017

We report on the temperature dependence of the magnetic and magneto-optical properties in cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG) thin films. Measurements of the Faraday rotation as a function of temperature show that the magnetic easy axis of thin Ce:YIG films reorients from in-plane to out-of-plane on cooling below −100 °C. We argue that the temperature-dependence of the magnetostriction and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Ce:YIG is the dominant factor contributing to the change in easy axis direction, and we describe the changes in the magneto-optical spectra with temperature.
Subdiffusion–absorption process in a system consisting of two different media
Authors: Kosztołowicz Tadeusz
Published: March 2017

Subdiffusion with reaction A+B→B is considered in a system which consists of two homogeneous media joined together; the A particles are mobile, whereas B are static. Subdiffusion and reaction parameters, which are assumed to be independent of time and space variables, can be different in both media. Particles A move freely across the border between the media. In each part of the system, the process is described by the subdiffusion–reaction equations with fractional time derivative. By means of the method presented in this paper, we derive both the fundamental solutions (the Green’s functions) P(x, t) to the subdiffusion–reaction equations and the boundary conditions at the border between the media. One of the conditions demands the continuity of a flux and the other one contains the Riemann–Liouville fractional time derivatives ∂α1P(0+,t)/∂tα1=(D1/D2)∂α2P(0−,t)/∂tα2, where the subdiffusion parameters α1, D1 and α2, D2 are defined in the regions x<0 and x>0, respectively.
Current induced domain wall propagation in Co-rich amorphous microwires
Authors: Zhukova V. , Blanco J. M. , Chizhik A. , Ipatov M. , Zhukov A.
Published: March 2017

We studied the influence of the AC current flowing through the magnetically bistable Co-rich microwire on the magnetization dynamics. We used previously developed Sixtus-Tonks modified set-up for evaluation of the domain wall (DW) velocity within the microwire, but instead of the magnetizing solenoid we used the current flowing through the microwire. We observed that the AC current flowing though the sample produces the remagnetization of the sample by fast domain wall propagation along the microwire. Estimated DW velocity is about 4.5 km/s, being similar and even higher to that reported for the magnetic field driven domain wall propagation in Fe and Co-rich microwires. Observed current induced DW propagation through the microwire we explained considering the magnetostatic interaction between the outer circumferentially magnetized shell and the inner axially magnetized core.
Spin mixing conductance enhancement by increasing magnetic density
Authors: Yuasa Hiromi , Tamae Kouki , Onizuka Norimasa
Published: March 2017

We obtained the spin Seebeck effect enhancement in Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/Pt system by inserting a very thin Ni80Fe20 at the interface of YIG/Pt. One of important parameters determining the spin Seebeck coefficient is the spin mixing conductance at the interface between magnetic oxide and nonmagnetic metal, and it was theoretically reported that the spin mixing conductance depends on the magnetic density at the interface. However, a ferrimagnetic oxide such as YIG has a small magnetic moment density. In this report, we fabricated YIG (1 mm)/Ni80Fe20 (t nm)/Pt (5 nm) and the spin Seebeck coefficient of t=0.6 nm becomes 2.1 times larger than that of t=0. It is considered owing to improvement of the magnetic moment density and the spin mixing conductance.
Temperature dependent structural studies on the spin correlated system A2FeCoO6 (A= Sm, Eu, Dy and Ho) using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Haripriya G. R. , Pradheesh R. , Singh M. N. , Sinha A. K. , Sethupathi K. , Sankaranarayanan V.
Published: March 2017

The temperature dependent structural studies carried out on the spin-correlated system A2FeCoO6 (A= Sm, Eu, Dy and Ho) or AFCO (A= Sm, E, D and H), using synchrotron radiation is presented. Owing to the large absorption cross-sections of the rare earths; Eu, Sm and Dy for neutrons, synchrotron radiation is one of the best available candidates for probing the system. The perovskite phase formation is inferred from laboratory XRD with Cu Kα source. The temperature dependent synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) experiments show the coexistence of monoclinic P21/n and orthorhombic Pbnm phases in Ho and Dy, while Eu and Sm are formed in single phase Pbnm. The temperature dependent DC magnetization measurements infer the presence of many interesting features such as thermal hysteresis, magnetic irreversibility, spin re-orientation, re-entrant magnetization and negative magnetization.
Spatial resolution and maximum compensation factor of two-dimensional selective excitation pulses for MRI of objects containing conductive implants
Authors: Woo Taeseong , Kim Dongmin , Someya Takao , Sekino Masaki
Published: March 2017

A quantitative diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be disturbed by radiofrequency (RF) field inhomogeneity induced by the conductive implants. This inhomogeneity causes a local decrease of the signal intensity around the conductor, resulting in a deterioration of the accurate quantification. In a previous study, we developed an MRI imaging method using a two-dimensional selective excitation pulse (2D pulse) to mitigate signal inhomogeneity induced by metallic implants. In this paper, the effect of 2D pulse was evaluated quantitatively by numerical simulation and MRI experiments. We introduced two factors for evaluation, spatial resolution and maximum compensation factor. Numerical simulations were performed with two groups. One group was composed of four models with different signal loss width, to evaluate the spatial resolution of the 2D pulse. The other group is also composed of four models with different amounts of signal loss for evaluating maximum compensation factor. In MRI experiments, we prepared phantoms containing conductors, which have different electrical conductivities related with the amounts of signal intensity decrease. The recovery of signal intensity was observed by 2D pulses, in both numerical simulations and experiments.
Exchange coupled composite FePt/TbCo/[Co/Ni]N films with an TbCo interlayer
Authors: Ma Bin , Situ G. Y. , Chu H. G. , Wang J. P.
Published: March 2017

The exchange coupled composite FePt/TbCo/[Co/Ni]N films have been prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. The net magnetization of ferromagnetic TbCo changes with the temperature variation, and then the magnetic configuration of FePt/TbCo/[Co/Ni]N changes. When a RE-dominated Tb32Co68 is inserted, FePt/Tb32Co68/[Co/Ni]5 has high coercivity at room temperature because of its synthesis ferrimagnetic sandwich structure, but small coercivity is obtained when the temperature is higher than 200 °C because of its graded ECC structure.
The wasp-waisted hysteresis loop and exchange bias in multiferroic BaNiF4
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Wang Ji , Xu Qingyu , Du Jun
Published: March 2017

Multiferroic BaNiF4 has been fabricated by hydrothermal method. The bifurcation between zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) temperature dependent magnetization (M-T) curves starts at 150 K, indicating the 2D antiferromagnetic (FM) transition. A further upturn of magnetization has been observed below 68 K in FC M-T curve, corresponding to the emergence of 3D AFM structure. Wasp-waisted hysteresis loop was observed under 130 K, which is explained by that the AFM aligned net spins from the canting of neighboring AFM spins due to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction can be easily aligned by the magnetic field. Exchange bias effect was detected below 70 K, which has been interpreted by the magnetization pinned by the spontaneous polarization through magnetoelectric coupling.
Polarization fatigue of BiFeO3 films with ferromagnetic metallic electrodes
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Ji , Li Chen , Wen Zheng , Xu Qingyu , Du Jun
Published: March 2017

BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films were epitaxially grown on (001) SrTiO3 substrates using LaNiO3 as bottom electrode by pulsed laser deposition. The ferroelectric properties of BFO layer with ferromagnetic Ni21Fe79 (NiFe) or non-magnetic Pt electrode are investigated. Well saturated polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops are observed. Significant fatigue and associated drastic decrease in switchable polarization have been observed with cycling number exceeds 106, which can be explained by the domain wall pinning due to the oxygen vacancies trapping. With increasing cycle number to above 107, the polarization is rejuvenated. The polarization for BFO layer with NiFe electrode recovers to the initial value, while only about 75% of initial polarization is recovered for BFO layer with Pt electrode. Furthermore, the imprint is alleviated and the P-E hysteresis loops become more symmetric after the polarization recovery. The difference can be understood by the different interface state of NiFe/BFO and Pt/BFO.
High Ku and small grain size Co80Pt20 granular media with double oxide grain boundary materials consisting of B2O3
Authors: Kushibiki Ryosuke , Tham Kim Kong , Hinata Shintaro , Saito Shin
Published: March 2017

Investigation of magnetic properties and microstructure of granular media with various double oxides including B2O3 as the grain boundary material is reported. By adding a high Tm second oxide together with B2O3 for the grain boundary material, comparable magnetic properties with that of the single oxide granular media and smaller crystallite size evaluated by X-ray diffraction (GDinplane) than that of the single oxide granular media can be obtained. Among the evaluated media, the granular medium with B2O3− TiO2 is promising for the grain boundary material, showing comparable average Ms and Ku of 806 emu/cm3 and 7.7×106 erg/cm3 with that of the single B2O3 and smaller GDinplane of 4.8 nm than that of the single B2O3 of 5.4 nm. In the TEM image, thin grain boundaries inside the grains can be observed which indicates that small grains with one-on-one grains growth is expected when an underlayer with smaller grain size is utilized.
Novel magnetic wire fabrication process by way of nanoimprint lithography for current induced magnetization switching
Authors: Asari Tsukasa , Shibata Ryosuke , Awano Hiroyuki
Published: March 2017

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is an effective method to fabricate nanowire because it does not need expensive systems and this process is easier than conventional processes. In this letter, we report the Current Induced Magnetization Switching (CIMS) in perpendicularly magnetized Tb-Co alloy nanowire fabricated by NIL. The CIMS in Tb-Co alloy wire was observed by using current pulse under in-plane external magnetic field (HL). We successfully observed the CIMS in Tb-Co wire fabricated by NIL. Additionally, we found that the critical current density (Jc) for the CIMS in the Tb-Co wire fabricated by NIL is 4 times smaller than that fabricated by conventional lift-off process under HL = 200Oe. These results indicate that the NIL is effective method for the CIMS.
Electromotive force analysis of current transformer during lightning surge inflow using Fourier series expansion
Authors: Kim Youngsun
Published: March 2017

The most common structure used for current transformers (CTs) consists of secondary windings around a ferromagnetic core past the primary current being measured. A CT used as a surge protection device (SPD) may experience large inrushes of current, like surges. However, when a large current flows into the primary winding, measuring the magnitude of the current is difficult because the ferromagnetic core becomes magnetically saturated. Several approaches to reduce the saturation effect are described in the literature. A Rogowski coil is representative of several devices that measure large currents. It is an electrical device that measures alternating current (AC) or high-frequency current. However, such devices are very expensive in application. In addition, the volume of a CT must be increased to measure sufficiently large currents, but for installation spaces that are too small, other methods must be used. To solve this problem, it is necessary to analyze the magnetic field and electromotive force (EMF) characteristics when designing a CT. Thus, we proposed an analysis method for the CT under an inrush current using the time-domain finite element method (TDFEM). The input source current of a surge waveform is expanded by a Fourier series to obtain an instantaneous value. An FEM model of the device is derived in a two-dimensional system and coupled with EMF circuits. The time-derivative term in the differential equation is solved in each time step by the finite difference method. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm is useful for analyzing CT characteristics, including the field distribution. Consequently, the proposed algorithm yields a reference for obtaining the effects of design parameters and magnetic materials for special shapes and sizes before the CT is designed and manufactured.
Size effects on magnetic property of multiferroic DyMn2O5 nanorods
Authors: Tung Yung-Hsiang , Yang Chun-Chuen , Hsu Ting-Wei , Kao Cheng-Wei , Chen Yang Yuan
Published: March 2017

DyMn2O5 multiferroic nanorods with radial (D) × axial () lengths of 24(9) nm × 46(12) nm, 36(9) nm × 84(26) nm and 111(22) nm × 212(84) nm, were fabricated through the hydrothermal method. The aspect ratio /D of the nanorods retained the value 2 at different annealing temperatures (Ta = 400, 800, and 1000 °C for  = 46, 84, and 212 nm, respectively). Antiferromagnetic magnetic ordering started at approximately 42 K, 42 K, and 50 K for  = 46 nm, 84 nm, and 212 nm samples, respectively. The saturation magnetic moment (<μz>s), Hc, and Mr decreased as  increased. The results of magnetic hysteresis experiment implied that magnetic domain sizes decreased as the  increased. The size effect not only merges the nanorods into larger crystals but also reduces interior magnetic domain sizes.
Manipulation of morphology and magnetic properties in cobalt nanowires
Authors: Li Chenglin , Wu Qiong , Yue Ming , Xu Huanhuan , Palaka Subhashini , Elkins Kevin , Ping Liu J.
Published: March 2017

Ferromagnetic metallic Cobalt nanowires are synthesized by the reduction of carboxylate salts of Co in 1, 2-butanediol using a solvothermal chemical process. In this process, the size and shape of the nanocrystals can be controlled via reaction parameters such as surfactant ratio, precursor concentration, and the temperature ramp. Synthesized Co nanocrystals exhibit the hexagonally close-packed phase favored the growth of anisotropic particles and the (002) crystalline direction is along the long axis of the nanowires. By varying the catalyst concentration in proper range, the effect of synthetic parameters on controlling Co nanoparticles with different length of 50 - 700 nm was systematically studied. Magnetic measurements and TEM images of the Cobalt nanowires indicate that the coercivity of the Co nanowires depends substantially on the morphology. The obtained highest coercivity of 8.4 kOe can be attributed to their small mean diameter and high crystallinity of nanowires for 200 - 300 nm.
Large magnetostrain in magnetic-field-aligned Mn0.965CoGe compound
Authors: Hu Qiu-Bo , Hu Yong , Fang Yong , Wang Dun-Hui , Cao Qing-Qi , Yang Yan-Ting , Li Jing , Du You-Wei
Published: March 2017

By applying external stimulus (temperature or magnetic field), MnCoGe-based compounds undergo a martensitic transformation from hexagonal Ni2In-type to orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure accompanied with a giant negative thermal expansion, which suggests a large magnetic-field-induced strain. However, these compounds naturally collapse into powders and are difficult to be oriented, which hinder their applications for magnetostrain. In this paper, a magnetic-field-aligned Mn0.965CoGe compound was prepared by bonding with epoxy resin and orientating in a magnetic field. The XRD patterns revealed the texture in this sample. By introducing vacancies of Mn element, the magnetostructural transformation temperature of Mn0.965CoGe compound was shifted down to 278 K. The magnetostrain was measured at some selected temperatures and the maximal strain could reach up to 925 ppm at 270 K.
Design and characterization of hydrogel-based microfluidic devices with biomimetic solute transport networks
Authors: Koo Hyung-Jun , Velev Orlin D.
Published: March 2017

Hydrogel could serve as a matrix material of new classes of solar cells and photoreactors with embedded microfluidic networks. These devices mimic the structure and function of plant leaves, which are a natural soft matter based microfluidic system. These unusual microfluidic-hydrogel devices with fluid-penetrable medium operate on the basis of convective-diffusive mechanism, where the liquid is transported between the non-connected channels via molecular permeation through the hydrogel. We define three key designs of such hydrogel devices, having linear, T-shaped, and branched channels and report results of numerical simulation of the process of their infusion with solute carried by the incoming fluid. The computational procedure takes into account both pressure-driven convection and concentration gradient-driven diffusion in the permeable gel matrix. We define the criteria for evaluation of the fluid infusion rate, uniformity, solute loss by outflow and overall performance. The T-shaped channel network was identified as the most efficient one and was improved further by investigating the effect of the channel-end secondary branches. Our parallel experimental data on the pattern of solute infusions are in excellent agreement with the simulation. These network designs can be applied to a broad range of novel microfluidic materials and soft matter devices with distributed microchannel networks.
Effects of the partial substitution of Ni by Cr on the transport, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of Ni50Mn37In13
Authors: Pandey Sudip , Quetz Abdiel , Aryal Anil , Saleheen Ahmad Us , Rodionov Igor , Blinov Mikhail , Prudnikova Mariya , Dubenko Igor , Prudnikov Valerii , Mazumdar Dipanjan , Granovsky Alexander , Stadler Shane , Ali Naushad
Published: March 2017

The structural, magnetic, and magnetotransport properties of Ni50-xCrxMn37In13 Heusler alloys have been synthesized and investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field and pressure dependent magnetization, and electrical resistivity measurements. The partial substitution of Ni by Cr in Ni50Mn37In13 significantly improves the magnetocaloric effect in the vicinity of the martensitic transition (TM). This system also shows a large negative entropy change at the Curie temperature (TC), making it a candidate material for application in a refrigeration cycle that exploits both positive and negative magnetic entropy changes. The refrigeration capacity (RC) values at TM and TC increase significantly by more than 20 % with Cr substitution. The application of hydrostatic pressure increases the temperature stability of the martensitic phase in Ni45Cr5Mn37In13. The influence of Cr substitution on the transport properties of Ni48Cr2Mn37In13 is discussed. An asymmetric magnetoresistance, i.e., a spin-valve-like behavior, has been observed near TM for Ni48Cr2Mn37In13.
Interplay of chemical and thermal gradient on bacterial migration in a diffusive microfluidic device
Authors: Murugesan Nithya , Dhar Purbarun , Panda Tapobrata , Das Sarit K.
Published: March 2017

Living systems are constantly under different combinations of competing gradients of chemical, thermal, pH, and mechanical stresses allied. The present work is about competing chemical and thermal gradients imposed on E. coli in a diffusive stagnant microfluidic environment. The bacterial cells were exposed to opposing and aligned gradients of an attractant (1 mM sorbitol) or a repellant (1 mM NiSO4) and temperature. The effects of the repellant/attractant and temperature on migration behavior, migration rate, and initiation time for migration have been reported. It has been observed that under competing gradients of an attractant and temperature, the nutrient gradient (gradient generated by cells itself) initiates directed migration, which, in turn, is influenced by temperature through the metabolic rate. Exposure to competing gradients of an inhibitor and temperature leads to the imposed chemical gradient governing the directed cell migration. The cells under opposing gradients of the repellant and temperature have experienced the longest decision time (∼60 min). The conclusion is that in a competing chemical and thermal gradient environment in the range of experimental conditions used in the present work, the migration of E. coli is always initiated and governed by chemical gradients (either generated by the cells in situ or imposed upon externally), but the migration rate and percentage of migration of cells are influenced by temperature, shedding insights into the importance of such gradients in deciding collective dynamics of such cells in physiological conditions.
Preface to Special Topic: Emerging materials for photonics
Authors: Vitiello Miriam S. , Razeghi Manijeh
Published: March 2017

Photonics plays a major role in all aspects of human life. It revolutionized science by addressing fundamental scientific questions and by enabling key functions in many interdisciplinary fields spanning from quantum technologies to information and communication science, and from biomedical research to industrial process monitoring and life entertainment.
Research on the FDTD method of scattering effects of obliquely incident electromagnetic waves in time-varying plasma sheath on collision and plasma frequencies
Authors: Chen Wei , Guo Li-xin , Li Jiang-ting
Published: March 2017

This study analyzes the scattering characteristics of obliquely incident electromagnetic (EM) waves in a time-varying plasma sheath. The finite-difference time–domain algorithm is applied. According to the empirical formula of the collision frequency in a plasma sheath, the plasma frequency, temperature, and pressure are assumed to vary with time in the form of exponential rise. Some scattering problems of EM waves are discussed by calculating the radar cross section (RCS) of the time-varying plasma. The laws of the RCS varying with time are summarized at the L and S wave bands.
On the integration of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) with CMOS chip
Authors: Mi Hongyi , Yuan Hao-Chih , Seo Jung-Hun , Auciello Orlando H. , Mancini Derrick C. , Carpick Robert W. , Pacheco Sergio P. , Sumant Anirudha V. , Ma Zhenqiang
Published: March 2017

A low temperature deposition of high quality ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) film onto a finished Si-based CMOS chip was performed to investigate the compatibility of the UNCD deposition process with CMOS devices for monolithic integration of MEMS on Si CMOS platform. DC and radio-frequency performances of the individual PMOS and NMOS devices on the CMOS chip before and after the UNCD deposition were characterized. Electrical characteristics of CMOS after deposition of the UNCD film remained within the acceptable ranges, namely showing small variations in threshold voltage Vth, transconductance gm, cut-off frequency fT and maximum oscillation frequency fmax. The results suggest that low temperature UNCD deposition is compatible with CMOS to realize monolithically integrated CMOS-driven MEMS/NEMS based on UNCD.
The identification of prototypical argumentative patterns in the justification of judicial decisions
Authors: Feteris Eveline T.
Published: March 2017

In this contribution I identify prototypical patterns in the justification of judicial decisions. From a pragma-dialectical perspective, I explain the nature and rationale for the argumentative patterns from the perspective of the institutional function of legal justification and I distinguish different argumentative patterns in clear cases and hard cases in the justification of judicial decisions.
Argumentative patterns using symptomatic argumentation in OTC-medicine advertisements
Authors: Snoeck Henkemans A. Francisca
Published: March 2017

In this paper, the analysis given inSnoeck Henkemans (2016)of argumentative patterns in over-the-counter medicine advertisements is extended by providing more insight into the argumentative patterns resulting from the support of two types of claims: the claim that the medicinal product is safe and the claim that there is no better alternative for the product. It is first established which types of argument are prototypically used to support these claims. Then it is investigated what kind of extensions might result from arguers’ attempts to further support those arguments. Finally, it is explained how the argumentative patterns revolving around the ‘safety’ and ‘no better alternative’ claims can be seen as the result of advertisers’ strategic choices in selecting and presenting their arguments within the institutional constraints applying to the activity type of over-the-counter advertisements.
Gray Triggerfish Reproductive Biology, Age, and Growth off the Atlantic Coast of the Southeastern USA
Authors: Kelly‐Stormer Amanda , Shervette Virginia , Kolmos Kevin , Wyanski David , Smart Tracey , McDonough Chris , Reichert Marcel J. M.
Published: March 2017

The Gray Triggerfish Balistes capriscus supports fisheries on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. We utilized fishery‐independent samples to assess the age structure, growth, sex ratio, size and age at maturity, spawning season, and spawning frequency of the Gray Triggerfish population off the southeastern U.S. Atlantic coast. From 1991 to 2012, 7,685 samples were collected, ranging in FL from 82 to 578 mm and ranging in age from 0 to 13 years. Our study provides key life history information for an exploited population and is the first to comprehensively describe age, growth, and reproduction for a Balistes species. We documented that the Gray Triggerfish is sexually dimorphic, with adult males attaining larger sizes at age and a larger maximum size than females. Sex‐specific growth curves were fitted, yielding the following von Bertalanffy equations: FLt = 419[1 – e–0.54(t + 0.61)] for males and FLt = 352[1 – e–0.94(t + 0.22)] for females. This species is characterized by a medium size at maturity (the smallest mature female was 179 mm FL; the smallest mature male was 183 mm FL) and relatively early age at maturity (the youngest mature female and male were age 0). Some shifts in population attributes coincided with a period of increased fishing pressure. Due to tighter regulations on snapper and grouper fisheries, the Gray Triggerfish has become a more targeted species. Fisheries biologists and managers should continue to evaluate potential impacts and establish management regulations that consider the region‐specific reproductive season, size and age at maturity, and sex‐specific differences in growth documented in this study.

Received April 20, 2016; accepted January 9, 2017 Published online March 30, 2017
The Impact of Different Hatchery Rearing Environments on Smolt‐to‐Adult Survival of Spring Chinook Salmon
Authors: Beckman Brian R. , Harstad Deborah L. , Spangenberg Dina K. , Gerstenberger Ryan S. , Brun Chris V. , Larsen Donald A.
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of differing hatchery rearing environments on smolting, early male maturation, and smolt‐to‐adult return rates (SARs) in Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In this investigation, SARs were compared for spring Chinook Salmon from Hood River stock reared at three different hatcheries and then released into the Hood River, replicated over three separate years (2010–2012). Differences in SARs were found both between rearing groups and release years. Smolts reared at Pelton Ladder had consistently higher SARs than those reared at either Parkdale or Carson hatcheries. Smolt length at release was positively correlated to SARs across years and rearing groups. In addition, multiple regression models suggested that attributes related to smolt quality were positively related to SARs while the minijack rate was negatively related to SAR. Migration of smolts downstream after release was also assessed. Larger smolts were faster downstream migrants and migration rate was positively related to subsequent SAR. Differences in smolt quality and SAR between rearing groups is attributed to differing patterns of growth in the different hatchery environments. The best‐performing smolts came from rearing groups that experienced a strong seasonal change in growth rate: relatively high growth in the summer, reduced growth and depletion of energetic stores in the autumn and winter, and then increased growth again in the spring. This pattern of seasonal anabolic and catabolic changes has been termed the wild fish template, and generating this physiological pattern generally may be applicable to hatchery‐reared Chinook Salmon.

Received August 3, 2016; accepted December 20, 2016 Published online March 30, 2017
The City in Nuyorican Fiction and Poetry
Authors: Maffi Mario
Published: March 2017

In 1898, U.S. imperialism spread beyond the continent’s borders and took possession of Puerto Rico during the Spanish–American War. This began the repeated waves of migration from the island to the mainland. In New York City (the main destination, along with Chicago), Puerto Ricans settled in East Harlem and the South Bronx, while the Lower East Side became the immigrant neighborhood par excellence. Adaptation strategies, common to previous immigrant communities, ensued, especially regarding the urban context and the reinvention of spaces. During the 1960s, authors such as Piri Thomas or Pedro Juan Soto began to narrate this complex experience, always in an unsteady balance between Puerto Rico and the United States. This first phase of literary output culminated the following decade (a period of deep economic and social crisis) in the so-called Nuyorican Experience, where “nuyorican” stands for “New York Puerto Rican”—a neologism that sums up the community's condition of “divided self” and defines the social and cultural horizon of a new generation of artists. In their works, poet-performer Pedro Pietri and writer Nicholasa Mohr expressed their peculiar view and sense of the city, both surreal and realistic, ironic and passionate.
Arts Entrepreneurship: Education, Theory, and Practice
Authors: Roberts Joe
Published: March 2017

There are no clear definitions of entrepreneurship and art. It is therefore difficult to explain and theorize arts entrepreneurship education. Here, what artists think about these issues in the United States, India, and Mexico is explored. Suggestions made by artists were examined and included in the proposed arts entrepreneurship education theory. Artists stated that they do experience lack of business skills that arts entrepreneurship education can help them acquire. These business and aesthetic skill sets are needed to make a living as an artist. The Coleman Fellows Program provided an opportunity to test the arts entrepreneurship theory constructs being proposed. The results from these tests are included the article.

The 2017 annual Strategic National Arts Alumni study reported that artists continue to suffer from several skill gaps. Of these, financial, business management, and entrepreneurship skills were identified as the main gaps that continue to plague artists. This is troubling because numerous educational and training efforts have been underway to address these and other skill gaps since at least the early 2000s. However, they have not closed these skill gaps. A modified arts entrepreneurship education theory is proposed in order to do so. Artists who acquire these skills should have a higher probability of success making a living practicing their art form. The article proposes three arts entrepreneurship education theory constructs, namely collaborative pedagogies utilizing the modules infusion method, entrepreneurial universities where these pedagogies can be tested and improved, and effectively managing the commodification of arts. Supporting evidence is provided for the three constructs, along with examples of the modules of entrepreneurship content for infusion. Implications and recommendations for future arts entrepreneurship education programs are provided and discussed.
Assessing the State of Top Management Teams Research
Authors: Stewart Steven A. , Amason Allen C.
Published: March 2017

Since the earliest days of strategic management research, scholars have sought to measure and model the effects of top managers on organizational performance. A watershed moment in this effort came with the 1984 introduction of Hambrick and Mason’s upper echelon view and their contention that firms are a reflection of their top management teams (TMT). An explosion of research followed and hundreds, if not thousands, of manuscripts have since been published on the subject. While a number of excellent reviews of this extensive literature exist, a relative few have asked questions about the overall state and future of the field. We undertook this assessment in an effort to answer some key questions. Are we still making progress on the big questions that gave rise to the upper echelon view, or have we reached a point of diminishing returns with this stream of research? If we are at an inflection point, what are the issues that should drive future inquiry about top management teams?
Anger in Health and Risk Messaging
Authors: Miller Claude H. , Cortes Quantip Reinaldo
Published: March 2017

Within a range of health communication contexts, anger can be either a detriment to the receptivity of health promotion messages when poorly controlled, or a benefit to information processing when appropriately directed. In the former case, anger can disrupt cognitive processing, leading to a range of negative outcomes, including emotional turbulence and a preoccupation with anger-eliciting events that can severely limit the receptivity of health promotion and risk prevention messages. However, when properly directed and elicited in moderation, anger can motivate greater purpose and resolve in response to health threats, stimulate more active processing of health warnings, sharpen focus on argument quality, and direct greater attention to coping-relevant information concerning harmful health risks.
Ambiguity Intolerance Considerations when Designing Health and Risk Messages
Authors: Furnham Adrian
Published: March 2017

The concept of ambiguity tolerance (TA), variously called Uncertainty Avoidance, Ambiguity Avoidance, or Intolerance, can be traced back nearly 70 years. It has been investigated by many different types of researchers from clinical and differential, to neuro- and work psychologists. Each sub-discipline has tended to focus on how their variable relates to beliefs and behaviors in their area of expertise, from religious beliefs to reactions to novel products and situations.

The basic concept is that people may be understood on a dimension that refers to their discomfort with, and hence attempts to avoid, ambiguity or uncertainty in many aspects of their lives. There have been many attempts to devise robust and valid measures of this dimension, most of which are highly inter-correlated and require self-reporting. There remains a debate as to whether it is useful having just one or more dimensions/facets of the concept.

Using these tests, there have been many correlational studies that have sought to validate the measure by looking at how those high and low on this dimension react to different situations. There have also been some, but many fewer, experimental studies, which have tested very specific hypotheses about how TA is related to information processing and reactions to specific stimuli. There is now a welcomed interest by neuroscientists to explore the concept from their perspective and using their methodologies.

These studies have been piecemeal, though most have supported the tested hypotheses. There has been less theoretical development, however, of the concept attempting to explain how these beliefs arise, what sustains them, and how, why, and when they may change. However, the concept has continued to interest researchers from many backgrounds, which attests to its applicability, fecundity, and novelty.