bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The San Andres Limestone: A reservoir for oil and water in New Mexico, 1969
Authors: Kottlowski F. E. , Summers W. K.
Published: August 2022

The San Andres Formation is one of the most prolific oil-producing sedimentary units in southeast New Mexico and west Texas and is the chief aquifer in the rich, agricultural, ground -water basin extending from Roswell southward to Artesia. This symposium on the San Andres, cosponsored by the New Mexico Geological Society and the Hobbs Geological Society, fittingly was held in Hobbs, near the center of both oil and water exploration in the carbonate formation. It is the hope of the Societies and the participants that this timely series of papers will make a significant and lasting contribution to the economic geologic knowledge of New Mexico and adjacent areas, as well as encouraging other detailed studies of the San Andres. The approach of the symposium is evident from the table of contents. Edward Kinney's paper keynotes the subject, giving an over -all summary of the San Andres in southeast New Mexico. Frank Kottlowski carried the description to the outcrop areas of central, north -central, and western New Mexico. Edwin McKee and William Breed give details of the San Andres' Arizona correlative, the Kaibab Limestone. Forrest Miller discusses the economically important reef zone of the San Andres. George Maddox summarizes the relations of ground water to the San Andres. Patrick Gratton and William LeMay describe exploration guides to the oil-producing fields in Chaves County. Roy Vann and Perry Hurlbut outline logging and coring aspects. As a fitting climax, Robert Yedlosky and James McNeal give details on the engineering and petrologic studies of one of the major San Andres oil fields.
Cenozoic volcanism in southwestern New Mexico
Authors: Elston Wolfgang E. , Northrop S. A.
Published: August 2022

This volume has been a long time in the making. The call for papers went out in late 1970 and papers were received in 1971 and 1972. Plans called for publication as University of New Mexico Publication in Geology No. 8. Tentative approval had been obtained before the call for papers was issued but by the time papers had been reviewed and edited, the great financial crunch of the 1970's had struck in academia. UNM Press has an established reputation and market in the humanities and social sciences but was uncertain about the physical sciences. In 1973 the plan for University of New Mexico Publication in Geology No. 8 had to be abandoned. Efforts to find an alternative publisher were successful in May 1975, when the Executive Committee of the New Mexico Geological Society voted to sponsor this volume. Rodney Rhodes' tragic death had occurred just two months before and it was decided to dedicate the volume to his memory. The technicalities of preparing manuscripts for the printer became less overwhelming when Stuart A. Northrop agreed to accept coeditorship. To save printing costs, all bibliographies were combined into one at the end of the volume. In the meantime, science had not stood still. All authors were given an opportunity to revise their manuscripts. In general, papers that describe particular areas had remained up to date. Papers that interpreted the data required extensive revision. Specifically, all papers of which I am author or coauthor were written or completely rewritten during 1975 and early 1976. All other papers are essentially as they were in 1973. One article that had been cited in the literature as being "in press" was withdrawn by the authors: Seager, W. R., and Clemons, R. E.,"Volcanic chronology and structure of the Blue Creek basin region between Clifton, Arizona and Cliff, New Mexico."
Alimentos Ancestrales: Una Alternativa en el Tratamiento de la Obesidad
Authors:   Instituto de Biología molecular en Medicina y Terapia Génica. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Escutia-Ramírez Rebeca , Sandoval-Rodríguez Ana ,   Instituto de Biología molecular en Medicina y Terapia Génica. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Armendáriz-Borunda Juan ,   Instituto de Biología molecular en Medicina y Terapia Génica. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México,   Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
Published: August 2022

La obesidad es una patología multifactorial caracterizada por un exceso de grasa corporal y representa un alarmante problema de salud debido a su alta prevalencia. Desafortunadamente, los cambios notorios en la industrialización de los alimentos y el estilo de vida actual han incrementado el consumo de alimentos ricos en grasas y azúcares, dejando a un lado la ingesta de alimentos saludables. Los alimentos ancestrales empleados en México como el cacao, el frijol común, el nopal, el grillo y el aguacate contienen componentes con actividad antioxidante, antiinflamatoria, hipoglucemiante y favorecen la disminución de niveles de colesterol y lípidos y lípidos.
Medicamentos Caducados y no Utilizados: un Reto para la Salud Pública
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Escutia-Guierrez Raymundo ,   Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías. Departamento de Farmacobiología.
Published: August 2022

Los medicamentos son una de las principales herramientas terapéuticas con las que cuenta el ser humano para curar enfermedades y controlar síntomas asocia-dos a las mismas. Sin embargo, cuando son utilizados de forma irracional repre-sentan un importante reto para la salud pública, lo anterior debido a que grandes cantidades de medicamentos caducados y no utilizados, tanto de prescripción como de venta libre, se acumulan en los hogares, generando un riesgo en caso de ser consumidos, además la mayoría se tiran a la basura común o en el drenaje, a pesar de existir programas de recolección y destrucción de medicamentos.
Biochemical and Bioinformatic Characterization of Patients with a Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide Mutation
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhou XueQian , Yang Hong , Zhang LiangJun , Zhang XiaoXun , Chai Jin
Published: August 2022

Background: SLC10A1 codes for the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). The SLC10A1S267F mutation is associated with loss of function of bile acid (BA) uptake and defined as a new type of hypercholanemia. This kind of hypercholanemia is characterized by high levels of serum BA. However, limited studies have been conducted on this topic. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the biochemical and bioinformatic characterization of patients with an SLC10A1S267F mutation, as well as to dissect pathogenesis in hypercholanemia. Methods: In this study, a total of 12 individuals (including 5 homozygous, 3 heterozygous, and 4 wild-type individuals) were recruited. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the genotype. Tests of liver function, renal function, and serum lipid level, in addition to routine blood tests, were performed to evaluate the clinical consequences of patients with an SLC10A1S267F mutation. The ClinVar website and protein prediction tools were used to analyze other cholesterol and BAs related gene mutations in SLC10A1S267F patients, as well as to evaluate their possible effects on serum BA levels of patients. Results: All SLC10A1S267F homozygous patients displayed high levels of BAs. Liver and renal functions were generally normal. According to previous reports, homozygous patients are prone to vitamin D deficiency and deviated blood lipids. However, all homozygous individuals had normal levels of blood lipids, thyroid hormones, and vitamin D (25(OH)D). Moreover, except for the SLC10A1S267F mutation, according to the WGS results, multiple gene mutations were found in 5 homozygous and might affect the level of BAs, but the SLC10A1S267F mutation still is the most important reason resulting in a high level of BAs. Conclusions: This study provided a more detailed description of the SLC10A1S267F mutation-induced hypercholanemia, delivering a new idea that there might be some mutations in SLC10A1S267F homozygotes, probably influencing BA metabolism.
Clinical Characteristics and Meteorological Factors Affecting the Use of Emergency Medical Services by Pediatric Emergency Patients: A Single-center Study (2005 – 2019)
Authors: Kyung Yechan , Lee Sang Taek , Shim Haeng Seon , Kim Jeong Yeon , Jin Mi Hyeon , Ko Nak Gyeong , Lee Jun Hwa
Published: August 2022

Background: There are insufficient studies on clinical and environmental factors that affect the use of emergency medical services (EMS) in pediatric patients. Objectives: We sought to identify the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients transported to the emergency department (ED) by EMS and meteorological factors affecting the use of EMS. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients younger than 19 years who visited the ED from January 2005 to December 2019. Results: The rate of EMS use was higher among older patients [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11 - 1.13] and increased with disease severity (aOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.33 - 0.37 for KTAS and aOR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.70 - 0.77 for GCS). The rate of EMS use was higher in patients with injury than in those with disease (aOR:3.47; 95% CI: 3.15 - 3.83). Compared with winter, the summer season was a risk factor for EMS use (aOR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.72). Precipitation greater than 40 mm per day increased the risk of EMS use (aOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.72), as did higher concentrations of O3 and NO2 (aOR per 0.001 ppm: 1.006; 95% CI: 1.001 - 1.011 for O3 and aOR per 0.001 ppm: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.03 for NO2, respectively). Conclusions: Several clinical characteristics, meteorological factors, and air pollutants might increase the risk of EMS use among pediatric patients.
An Overview on the Main Assemblages and Sub-assemblages of Giardia intestinalis in the Western Half of Iran
Authors: Eslamirad Zahra , Hajihossein Reza , Moslemi Azam
Published: August 2022

Context: Studies have shown that various Assemblages, sub-assemblage (subtypes) and genotypes of Giardia intestinalis have multiple hosts; therefore, their distribution reservoirs as well as pattern of epidemiological distribution are different. The present study was conducted to summarize the results of genetic studies on G. intestinalis in Iran. Evidence Acquisition: To investigate the articles on the sub-assemblage of G. intestinalis in Iran, a systematic search was conducted in Persian and English databases. The search process led to the entry of 23 articles into this systematic review. Also, in this study, to estimate the ratio of the dominant sub-assemblage of Giardia parasite in Iran, meta-analysis was used and a significant level of 0.05 was considered. Results: The results of this study showed that investigations on assemblages and sub-assemblage of G. intestinalis had been mostly made in the western half of Iran. The overall prevalence of A, B, and the mixed assemblages of Giardia intestinalis in these areas of Iran was estimated to be 0.56, 0.27, and 0.16, respectively. Also, the prevalence of AI and AII sub-assemblage of G. intestinalis in the same areas of Iran was 0.34 and 0.5, respectively. The prevalence of BIII and BIV sub-assemblage of this parasite in mentioned areas was further found to be 0.2 and 0.06, respectively. In addition, the total prevalence of all sub-assemblage (AI, AII, BIII, & BIV) was calculated to be 0.18 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Given that assemblage A of G. intestinalis has the highest prevalence in the human society of western half of Iran, in this area of the country, the main epidemiological pattern of Giardia transmission is zoonotic. However, to identify the source of this parasite spread, more studies are needed.
Teleological Foundations of Moral Language in MacIntyre’s Philosophical Project
Authors: Cajthaml Martin ,   University of South Bohemia
Published: August 2022

The paper focuses on MacIntyre’s account of teleology and the role of teleology in explaining value language and grounding ethical normativity. It isolates three distinct albeit interrelated notions of teleology emerging gradually from Macintyre’s philosophical project. It investigates how moral language is explained and moral norms justified on the bases of these three articulations of the teleological motif. It subjects the weakness of this reasoning to criticism.
Impoverishing Moral Ecologies
Authors: Sánchez Carlos Alberto ,   Washington University Review of Philosophy
Published: August 2022

In this paper I consider the notion of “moral ecology” in relation to the social/cultural construction known as “narco-culture.” My claim is that the moral ecology of narco-culture is one that is both destructive and prohibitive of human flourishing. The general idea of a “moral ecology” is that the moral space of human conviviality is not unlike an ecological, or environmental, space—both are constituted by various interdependent relations which, when working harmoniously and in optimal capacity, maintain the overall well-being of its inhabitants (i.e., human agents or the flora and fauna). Within non-human ecosystems, the quality or health of rivers, trees, earth, air, predator-prey relationships, etc., define what Allen Hertzke calls the system’s “carrying capacity.” The carrying capacity refers to what the system can handle while staying balanced and healthy and also indicates the point beyond which the system, if overburdened or degraded, begins to fall apart. In a social setting, the ecology is constituted by moral rules and behaviors, the degradation of which can cause the degradation of the entire system.
Charting variety, scope, and impact of open access diamond journals in various disciplines and regions: a survey-based observational study
Authors:   Korean Council of Science Editors
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The variety, scope, and impact of open access (OA) diamond journals across disciplines and regions from July 22 to September 11, 2020 were charted to characterize the current OA diamond landscape.Methods: The total number of diamond journals was estimated, including those outside the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The distribution across regions, disciplines, and publisher types was described. The scope of journals in terms of authorship and readership was investigated. Information was collected on linguistic diversity, journal dynamics and life cycle, and their visibility in scholarly databases.Results: The number of OA diamond journals is estimated to be 29,000. OA diamond journals are estimated to publish 356,000 articles per year. The OA diamond sector is diverse in terms of regions (45% in Europe, 25% in Latin America, 16% in Asia, and 5% in the United States/Canada) and disciplines (60% humanities and social sciences, 22% sciences, and 17% medicine). More than 70% of OA diamond journals are published by university-owned publishers, including university presses. The majority of OA diamond journals are small, publishing fewer than 25 articles a year. English (1,210), Spanish (492), and French (342) are the most common languages of the main texts. Out of 1,619 journals, 1,025 (63.3%) are indexed in DOAJ, 492 (30.4%) in Scopus, and 321 (19.8%) in Web of Science.Conclusion: The patterns and trends reported herein provide insights into the diversity and importance of the OA diamond journal landscape and the accompanying opportunities and challenges in supporting this publishing model.
Ukrainian scientific TV programs and YouTube channels as a distraction from war news on Russia’s invasion of Ukraine: a survey-based observational study and a content analysis
Authors: Kravchenko Roksolana
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study examined whether popular science journalism can be a distraction from war news, as the life of all citizens in Ukraine has changed significantly since the beginning of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022.Methods: This article presents an audience survey on whether they viewed science content as a distraction from war news. In addition, an analysis of 10 Ukrainian YouTube channels was conducted. All videos that were published after February 24, 2022, the start date of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, were processed.Results: Out of 460 audience members of TV programs and YouTube channels, 64.8% of respondents considered watching popular science or entertainment programs as a distraction from the war. An analysis of the content of popular science YouTube channels during the first 2 months of the war showed that every active channel was reformatted according to the realities of wartime. In addition, the audience survey demonstrated that even during the war, this type of content has remained relevant.Conclusion: The Ukrainian audience needed scientific content as a distraction from the war. The majority of respondents, regardless of gender, needed to divert their attention from military operations. Ukrainian science journalists also joined the information war against the foreign invasion.
Further observations on the bio- and magnetostratigraphy of the J/K boundary interval in southern Ukraine
Authors: Wimbledon William A.P. , Svobodova Andrea , Bakhmutov Vladimir , Poliachenko Ievgen , Hlavatskyi Dmytro
Published: August 2022

This is an account of finds of stratigraphically useful calcareous nannofossils and the magnetostratigraphy of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval of the eastern Crimean peninsula (southern Ukraine). We compare these new complementary results with those presented by our team in earlier publications. A missing interval in the Crimean sequence is filled, and the position of the Tithonian-Berriasian (J/K) boundary is confirmed
Novel dual-direction electrostatic discharge device with lateral PNP transistor
Authors: Liu Jing , Dang Yue-Dong , Liu Hui-Ting , Zhao Yan ,   Department of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Published: August 2022

With the shrinking of semiconductor technology and the increasing of integrated circuits, electrostatic discharge (ESD) as a common natural phenomenon has become one of the main reasons for the failure and reliability reduction of electronic products in integrated circuits. A novel dual-direction ESD device (PNP_DDSCR) with embedded lateral PNP transistor is proposed for diminishing ESD damage. The response process and current transportation of PNP_DDSCR under different ESD stress modes are investigated. Comparative analyses between conventional DDSCR and PNP_DDSCR are executed by TCAD simulation. On the stage of device triggering, the embedded lateral PNP transistor inner DDSCR system provides triggering current for device. The injection efficiency of parasitic transistor in the DDSCR system is improved, and the positive feedback system is promoted. Thus, the holding voltage of PNP_DDSCR is higher than that of conventional DDSCR. At the same time, an extra triggering path introduced by embedded lateral PNP transistor of PNP_DDSCR makes the total triggering path of device shorten. Therefore, the transient overshoot voltage of PNP_DDSCR is lower than that of DDSCR. For thermal performance, most of the heat first accumulates near the lateral PNP transistor , and then the peak point of heat turns to main SCR path with the conduction of PNP_DDSCR. The heat accumulation in PNP_DDSCR is shared by the path of embedded lateral PNP transistor. As a result, the average temperature in PNP_DDSCR is lower than that in DDSCR and the ability of PNP_DDSCR to dissipate heat is more perfect. Comparing with DDSCR, the conclusions are obtained. Under the condition of transmission line pulse (TLP) test simulation analyses, the triggering voltage is reduced by 31%, the holding voltage is increased by 16.8%, the ESD design window is optimized by 44.5%, and on-resistance is lower. When TLP stress is 2.67 A, the average temperature of PNP_DDSCR is much lower than that of traditional DDSCR in the whole conduction process. With the increase of pulse lasting time, average temperature difference between two devices becomes great further. According to the very fast TLP (VF-TLP) testing results, clamping capability of PNP_DDSCR under transient overshoot voltage is more stable under the condition of fast turn-on speed. When the VF-TLP stress is 0.1 A, the overshoot voltage of PNP_DDSCR device is the 37% of that of DDSCR device while the PNP_DDSCR maintains a relatively fast triggering speed. Thus, the ESD protection capability of PNP_DDSCR is superior.
Radiation hardening by process technology for high voltage nMOSFET in 180 nm embeded flash process
Authors: Chen Xiao-Liang , Sun Wei-Feng ,   National Application Specific Integrated Circuit System Engineering Research Center, School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Published: August 2022

Radiation-hardened embedded flash technology is widely used in aerospace field. The high voltage nMOSFET is the key device to be hardened as it is the most sensitive device to total ionizing dose (TID) effect. In this study, the shallow tench isolation (STI) sidewall implantation method is used to harden 5 V nMOSFET for 180 nm eFlash process. Through the study of the TID response of the device, two problems emerge in this hardening technology. Firstly, the hardening ions are implanted after STI trench etching, the doping profile is influenced by the following thermal process, resulting in lower doping concentration at STI edge. The device fails to work due to high leakage current after 1×105 rad (1 rad = 10–2 Gy) (Si) radiation. Secondly, the hardening ions that are implanted in drain region reduce the breakdown voltage of PN junction on the drain side. Device cannot satisfy the actual requirement in the circuit. To solve these problems, we propose a new device hardening method called partial channel ion implantation. Comparing with previous method, in order to reduce the doping redistribution effect, we adjust the hardening ion implantation to an extent after the oxidation of gate oxide. Moreover, an extra mask is introduced to determine the hardening implantation region to avoid ion implantation on the drain side of the device. Therefore, the drain breakdown voltage will not be influenced by hardening implantation. By using this new hardening technology for high voltage NMOS, the device can maintain the typical design of strip-type gate. The hardening method is compatible with general process technology and does not influence the electrical parameters of the device obviously. The results show that with the partial channel ion implantation method, the drain leakage of the device is kept at a pico-ampere level after 1.5×105 rad (Si) radiation. That is five orders of magnitude lower than that obtained by using previous STI implantation hardening technology.
Coupled mode and novel soliton structure in fused coupler
Authors: Li Sen-Qing , Zhang Xiao , Lin Ji ,   Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of bright-like solitons, flat-topped solitons, and gray solitons in nonlocal nonlinear fused coupler. Firstly, the fundamental bright-like solitons with different parameters are obtained by the Newton iteration. It is found that the peak value and beam width of the ground state bright-like soliton increase with the enhancement of the nonlocality degree and nonlinear parameter, and they decrease with the propagation constant increasing. The power of the ground state bright-like soliton increases with the increase of the nonlocality degree and the width of coupling function, and it decreases with the propagation constant increasing. These numerical results can also be verified in the case of multipolar bright-like solitons. Secondly, by changing the coupled mode, the solutions of multipolar bright-like solitons, flat-topped soliton and grey solitons are obtained. The transmission stability of multipolar bright-like solitons, flat-topped soliton and grey solitons are studied. The stability of solitons is verified by means of linear stability analysis and fractional Fourier evolution. In the process of long-distance propagation, the propagation of bright-like solitons, gray solitons, and flat-topped soliton with one to three-pole symmetric peaks are stable, and the tripolar bright-like solitons with different soliton peaks and tripolar gray solitons are unable to transmit steadily. At the same time, it is found that the gray soliton with three poles or more is not easy to maintain its transmission stability. It is also found that the higher the grey scale of the gray soliton, the easier it is to realize stable transmission. Finally, it is found that the coupling function width not only affects the power of the soliton, but also realize the conversion among different soliton structures by adjusting the coupling function width.
HLJ1 amplifies endotoxin-induced sepsis severity by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization in macrophages
Authors: Luo Wei-Jia , Yu Sung-Liang , Chang Chia-Ching , Chien Min-Hui , Chang Ya-Ling , Liao Keng-Mao , Lin Pei-Chun , Chung Kuei-Pin , Chuang Ya-Hui , Chen Jeremy JW , Yang Pan-Chyr , Su Kang-Yi
Published: August 2022

Heat shock protein (HSP) 40 has emerged as a key factor in both innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the role of HLJ1, a molecular chaperone in HSP40 family, in modulating endotoxin-induced sepsis severity is still unclear. During lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock, HLJ1 knockout mice shows reduced organ injury and IFN-γ (interferon-γ)-dependent mortality. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterize mouse liver nonparenchymal cell populations under LPS stimulation, and show that HLJ1 deletion affected IFN-γ-related gene signatures in distinct immune cell clusters. In CLP models, HLJ1 deletion reduces IFN-γ expression and sepsis mortality rate when mice are treated with antibiotics. HLJ1 deficiency also leads to reduced serum levels of IL-12 in LPS-treated mice, contributing to dampened production of IFN-γ in natural killer cells but not CD4+or CD8+T cells, and subsequently to improved survival rate. Adoptive transfer of HLJ1-deleted macrophages into LPS-treated mice results in reduced IL-12 and IFN-γ levels and protects the mice from IFN-γ-dependent mortality. In the context of molecular mechanisms, HLJ1 is an LPS-inducible protein in macrophages and converts misfolded IL-12p35 homodimers to monomers, which maintains bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimerization and secretion. This study suggests HLJ1 causes IFN-γ-dependent septic lethality by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization, and targeting HLJ1 has therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases involving activated IL-12/IFN-γ axis.
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Pathway of Patients Treated with Helicobacter pylori Infection-A Single Center Cohort Study Using Common Data Model
Authors: Seo Seung In , Kim Tae Jun , Choi Yoon Jin , Bang Chang Seok , Lee Yong Kang , Lee Moon Won , Nam Su Youn , Shin Woon Geon ,   Big Data Research Group, Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims: Changing trends in the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication protocol have not been investigated after the publication of the third-revised Korean guideline in 2013. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of H. pylori-infected patients alongside their treatment protocols using a common data model (CDM).Materials and Methods: A 16-year electronic health record (of 1,689,604 patients from 2004 to 2019) was converted into a CDM in Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital. We extracted records of patients who underwent the rapid urease test or serum anti-H. pylori IgG assay. The treatment protocols were visualized using a sunburst plot. We investigated the clinical characteristics and medication history of patients who underwent a urea breath test after clarithromycin-based eradication therapy.Results: Out of 29,458 patients tested for H. pylori infection, 7,647 received a treatment protocol. Among them, 72.5% received a 7~14 days protocol comprising a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. The proportion of patients treated with the first-line protocol (PPI, bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole) slightly increased from 1.9% (before 2014) to 3.3% (after 2014) (P<0.001). The percentages of patients with of previous exposure to macrolides (14.7% vs. 5.5%, P<0.001) or amoxicillin (10.6% vs. 7.3%, P=0.006) were higher in patients with previous clarithromycin-based eradication failure.Conclusions: The H. pylori treatment protocol was not significantly modified despite the updates in the clinical guideline. There was only 1.4 percentage point increase in bismuth-based quadruple therapy as first-line eradication therapy even after the announcement of revised Korean guideline in 2013.
Prospects of Sericulture in Border Areas of Jammu with Special Reference to Poonch District
Authors: Bhat Muzafar Ahmad , Kour Jagmeet , Chanotra Suraksha , Aziz Abdul , Kapoor Sumya , Azam Mohd. , Singh Amardev
Published: August 2022

The most significant economic sector is sericulture, which has a variety of entrepreneurship opportunities and the ability to increase regular periodicity of economic returns. The effective rate of rearing and the techniques used during the rearing stage are the most crucial factors in a good cocoon harvest. Additionally, technical expertise and scientific knowledge are needed for silkworm cultivation. An effort has been done in the form of a survey research to learn more about the knowledge and skill profile of the sericulture farmers in the Poonch area. The study found that farmers lack technical expertise in commercial rearing and scientific knowledge. Low productivity in the district as compared to other districts of Jammu and Kashmir is caused by a lack of understanding about new technology. In this context, State Sericulture Development Department, Central Silk Board Sub-departments, and Post Graduate Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, play important roles in the form of extension programmes for enhancing technical skills among the district's sericultural farmers. The study unequivocally shown that there were significant differences in the socioeconomic condition of sericulturists among the farmers in Tehsil Haveli, Poonch District, and that these differences also existed in knowledge and implementation of sericultural methods. Therefore, the extension staff must work together to convey better sericultural technology to the farmers in order to increase cocoon output.
Influence of Agriculture Advisory Services on Adoption of Sorghum Production Practices among Smallholder Farmers in Tharaka South Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: O. Nyanchoka R. , M. Muchiri J. , A. Omukoko C. , M. Gikunda R. , K. Mbaka F.
Published: August 2022

The development and dissemination of agricultural advisory services (AAS) amongst smallholder sorghum farmers (SHFs) has played a crucial role in sorghum yield improvement in Kenya. However, there is limited information on the influence of AAS on adoption of sorghum production practices amongst SHFs in Tharaka Nithi County particularly Tharaka South Sub-County. The purpose of the study was to generate information that would deepen the understanding of the influence of AAS in enhancing the adoption of sorghum production practices in Tharaka South Sub-County. A descriptive research design was used to describe the characteristics of the study sample. The study targeted 16,437 smallholder sorghum farmers with a sample size of 108 participants. Stratified proportionate random sampling technique was utilized to select farmers from three strata; Marimanti, Nkondi, and Chiakariga wards. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Piloting study was carried out in South Imenti Ward, Meru County which helped to check and advance the validity of research instrument. The reliability of the research instrument was estimated by computing Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the variables. The Cronbach’s alpha values for the study were: adoption of sorghum production practices (α = 0.771), while that of AAS was 0.710. The SPSS (V.22) was utilized for computing both the inferential (independent samples t-test) and descriptive (percentage, median, frequency, mean and standard deviation) statistics. The study findings indicated that there was no significant difference in the access and adoption of sorghum production practices between farmers with access to AAS from those who did not t (106) = 0.843, p = 0.401, d = 0.1684 and t (106) = 0.203, p = 0.839, d = 0.041, at 95% confidence interval, respectively. It was concluded that AAS had no influence on the adoption of sorghum production practices amongst SHFs in Tharaka Sub-County. Therefore, the study recommends the government through the State and County departments of agriculture should support impactful agricultural advisory programs that target sorghum farmers to increase the productivity of the crop.
Research Review of Coal Mine Water Treatment Technology
Authors: Li Yinlei , Wang Yucong
Published: August 2022

A large amount of mine water is produced during coal mining. The treatment and reuse of mine water is a significant research topic in the environment with shortages of water resources. In this paper, the characteristics of coal mine water are systematically reviewed based on previous studies. The water quality conditions of coal mine water, the particle size of suspended particles, and the aggregation stability of particles in coal mine water were reviewed in summary. The application of Stokes law and EDLVO theory in the field of water sedimentation in coal mines is illustrated. The types of sedimentation tanks used in the settlement of coal mine water and their characteristics are also reviewed according to the treatment technology. It provides significant assistance in the selection of sedimentation tanks. And a brief analysis of the future development trend and research focus of coal mine water treatment technology was made in the end.
Study on the Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Pension Service Institutions in Shijiazhuang City of China
Authors: Qingyu Yang , Haifang Yao , Chunhui Li , Chengjin Zhang
Published: August 2022

As the capital city of Hebei Province in China, Shijiazhuang faces the problem in the aging of the population that has never been occurred before. In order to optimize the allocation of pension service resources in Shijiazhuang city, it is very important to explore the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the pension service institutions. In this paper, based on data of Shijiazhuang pension service institutions and Shijiazhuang Statistical Yearbook, ArcGIS and SPSS software was used to analyze the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the pension service institutions in Shijiazhuang. The results showed that: ① The number of pension service institutions in northwest of Shijiazhuang was fewer than that in southeast, but the direction was not obvious. ② The pension service institutions in Shijiazhuang formed a multi-center cluster distribution pattern in the whole city, and the cluster centers were mostly located in urban areas. The high-value agglomerations areas were located in Changan, Zhengding and Gaocheng of Shijiazhuang under the condition of the significance level α = 0.05. ③ The accessibility of pension service institutions in Shijiazhuang was relatively high in general. Most of pension institutions were located within the 15-minute isochronous circle, and the pension service institutions accessibility presented a spatial pattern of gradually decreasing from the middle to the surrounding areas. ④ Correlation analysis indicated that the number of resident population, elderly population, GDP, public financial expenditure and accessibility were the main factors affecting the distribution characteristics of pension service institutions in Shijiazhuang under the condition of the significance level α = 0.05. It showed that the number of regional pension institutions had great dependence on population and economic development level. Realizing the spatial equilibrium allocation of pension service institutions was difficult by simply using market mechanism. The government can timely issue preferential policies and vigorously promote the construction of pension service institutions to meet the huge future demand for elderly care in economic backward areas.
Identification of Influential Geomorphologic Parameters on Runoff Characteristics of the Thuthapuzha River Basin in Kerala, India
Authors: J. Chethan B. , Vishnu B.
Published: August 2022

Aims: Geomorphological parameters are signature for the conversion of rainfall into runoff. The morphometric analysis using GIS gives platform for deriving the geomorphological parameter of the river basin. Due to intercourse between stream network and landscape, geomorphological parameters are driving force for the conversion of rainfall into runoff. For finding parameter which is more significant contribution to runoff, statistical analysis gives better solution. The morphological parameters of the watershed are derived and then use landform equation for getting geomorphological parameters. Derived parameters are subjected for the factor analysis using Minitab 18 software.

Place and Duration of Study: Study is conducted on Thuthapuzha River basin which is tributary of Bharathapuzha River located in Kerala, India has been selected and it is conducted on Department of Soil and water Conservation Engineering, Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering (KCAET), Tavanur, between June 2017 and July 2018.

Methodology: From seventeen Micro-watershed the geomorphological parameters are derived and subjected to factor analysis. Interpretation of factor loadings, communalities, variance, % variance, factor score gibes more influencing parameters on runoff.

Results: The total percentage variance explained by all the factors is about 83.9%, which gives the analysis is a good approach. Runoff factor exhibits the highest percentage variance of about 37% among the percentage variance explained by each factor. The highest correlation coefficient is obtained between runoff factor and the length of overland flow, and the constant of channel maintenance which are more significant parameters of river basin. Total variance explained by all three factors is 11.247 where runoff factor exhibits the highest variance of 5.192. Highest factor score is obtained from length of overland flow having factor score 0.190 followed by elongation ratio, form factor having factor score of 0.165 and 0.152 respectively which can be used as independent variable in case of regression models.
Phytodiversity in Umphyrnai Private Forest of East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya
Authors: Kharumnuid Marvellous , Wani Afaq Majid
Published: August 2022

A study was carried out at Umphyrnai village (1578m) in the East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya to identify and assess the angiosperm and gymnosperm diversity during 2021-2022. A total of 187 unique trees from 18 different species have been identified. 4 gymnosperm species and 14 angiosperm species were identified among them. The trees belong to 11 different families. The most dominant gymnosperm species was found to be Pinus kesiya, and the most dominant angiosperm species appeared to be Alnus nepalensis. Pinus kesiya has the highest IVI.
Determination of Genetic Divergence in Okra Genotypes [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]
Authors: Yadav Shalu , Yadav G. C. , Kumar Lav , Yadav Lokesh , Chaturvedi Vishva Deepak
Published: August 2022

The investigation was executed at Main Experimental Station, Department of Vegetable Science, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya during Kharif, 2019 in Randomized Block Design with three replications comprising thirty -six genotypes of okra collected from various sources to study the existence of genetic divergence among the germplasm by Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The germplasm was grouped into six clusters. Out of six clusters, cluster 1 contained maximum number of genotypes (22) followed by cluster VI (5), cluster II (3) and cluster III (2) Cluster IV (2) cluster V (2). The minimum intra cluster diversity was found for cluster III (8.39) and maximum intra-cluster distance was exhibited for cluster I (16.95). The highest inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and III (30.83) preceded by cluster III and VI (30.15) and cluster 1 and V (24.89), it suggested that the genotypes of these two (cluster I and III) clusters are genetically very dissimilar to each other. The minimum inter-cluster distance was found between cluster IV and V (13.08) followed by cluster III and IV (14.24) and cluster II and IV (14.62). Highest per cent contribution in favour of total genetic diversity was showed by total fruit yields per plant (75.08%) followed by average fruit weight (12.38). Each clusters have higher mean values for different traits and the genotypes of cluster I followed by II and VI have more mean value for traits studies and deserve to be mentioned as important clusters of genotypes which could be use for further yield improvement plan of okra.
Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Pathogens Causing Surgical Site Infections at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Aboud Said , Ali Salum Said , O. Kibwana Upendo
Published: August 2022

A hospital based cross sectional study was done to determine bacterial profile and antibiogram of pathogens causing surgical site infections at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The study was conducted from May to July 2017. We enrolled a total of 121 patients who underwent different surgical procedures and met study inclusion criteria. Pus swabs were collected and cultured as per standard operating procedures. Bacterial identification was then performed using biochemical tests and Analytical Profile Index test for Enterobacteriaceae (API 20E). Antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Of 121 patients that were enrolled in the study, 75 (62%) developed surgical site infection (SSI). A total of 106 isolates were recovered from patients with positive culture results. The majority of the isolates, 92/106 (87%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The most predominant bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 29/106 (27%) in all surgical Departments. Some of the isolated pathogens were multi-drug resistant (29/106; 27%), including Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producers (24/92; 26%), Methicillin Resistant Stahylococcus aureus (MRSA) (3/9; 33%) and Induced Clindamycin Resistance (ICR) strains (2/14; 14%). K. pneumoniae isolates showed the highest resistance towards most tested antibiotics (24.1-100%), and 24% of P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to meropenem. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa was the most common isolated pathogen from patients with SSI in Zanzibar and the majority of the pathogens showed high resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents used in the hospital settings.
Gamma Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Improves Craving and Cognition in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: An Open Label Pilot Study
Authors: Haller Nikolas , Kumpf Ulrike , Koller Gabi , Padberg Frank , Palm Ulrich
Published: August 2022

Objective: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide. It often shows a chronic course, and pharmacological treatment is rather ineffective for maintaining abstinence. New non-invasive brain stimulation techniques could help to improve AUD symptoms by rebalancing and synchronizing the disturbed prefrontal brain function and thus reduce craving. This study aims at evaluating the use of gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation to improve clinical und neuropsychological symptoms in patients with AUD.

Methods: In this small open label study, six patients suffering from AUD for several years underwent treatment with prefrontal gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation for 10 min twice daily respectively 20 min once per day for 10 days. Clinical and neuropsychological tests as well as craving were assessed over the course of treatment.

Results: Scores of the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire decreased in all patients and cognitive functions assessed by word fluency and computer-based n-back test improved.

Conclusions: This new non-invasive brain stimulation technique could be of interest in treating craving symptoms and in maintaining abstinence.
Oral Mucositis and Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients on Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Parize Graziele , Leão Mariella Vieira Pereira , De Souza Ingrid Rodrigues Rosa , Santos Nathaly Resende , Galhardo Luciana , Kim Yeon Jung , Resende Leonardo Diniz , França Carolina Nunes , Germano Danielle Borges , Caetano Matheus Willian , Braz-Silva Paulo Henrique , Pallos Debora
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Mucositis has been a complication of great importance in antineoplastic treatments of head and neck tumors because when not treated properly it can lead to the interruption of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Knowing that mucositis is a common inflammatory condition in patients undergoing radiotherapy and that nitric oxide (NO) can be a marker of inflammation.

Aim: to seek an association between mucositis, pain and NO levels in patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in different periods of radiotherapy.

Methodology: Clinical examination was performed weekly to investigate presence of mucositis, in which the degree and intensity of pain were evaluated by using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and mouthwash samples were collected from twenty patients. In the collected samples, the concentrations of NO were measured by using the Griess method.

Results: of the twenty patients, two were excluded due to worsening of the clinical picture. Of the 18 patients who had their treatment finished, ten had some degree of mucositis and pain, with the highest levels being observed in the last week of treatment. As for the levels of NO, it was observed that low values varied widely among the patients and weeks studied. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between mucositis degrees and pain intensities, although the NO levels were correlated neither with mucositis nor with pain intensity throughout the experimental weeks.

Conclusion: Although NO is an inflammatory mediator involved in diseases of the oral cavity, its presence cannot be associated with mucositis and pain in patients with head and neck cancer who are on radiotherapy.
New Reforms to Prescription Drug Pricing in the US
Authors: Hwang Thomas J. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N.
Published: August 2022

This Viewpoint describes the provisions and limitations of prescription drug pricing reforms enacted by US Congress as part of the Inflation Reduction Act in August 2022.
The Implications of the Supreme Court Decision to Overturn Roe v Wade for Women With Pregnancy-Associated Cancers
Authors: Silverstein Jordyn , Van Loon Katherine
Published: August 2022

This Viewpoint evaluates factors introduced by the overturn of Roe v Wade that will further complicate the complex, multidisciplinary decision-making involved in treating patients with pregnancy-associated cancer.