bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher Early Marine Mortality of Steelhead Associated with Releases of Hatchery Coho Salmon but Not Chinook Salmon
Authors: Malick Michael J. , Moore Megan E. , Berejikian Barry A.
Published: December 2022

Understanding the drivers of mortality during critical life history periods is an important part of increasing our capacity to rebuild depressed salmonid populations. For threatened steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in Puget Sound, Washington, early marine predation has been implicated as a key source of mortality. Yet, the agents that mediate predation pressure are poorly understood. In this study, we characterize abundances of juvenile Coho Salmon O. kisutch and Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha in Puget Sound and relate these abundance patterns to weekly steelhead survival to better understand whether pulses of hatchery-released salmonids mediate steelhead survival. We found that weekly abundances of hatchery Coho Salmon and Chinook Salmon smolts vary by several orders of magnitude across weeks, indicating that large resource pulses are available to salmonid predators. We further found that weekly steelhead survival was significantly negatively related to abundances of hatchery-released Coho Salmon but not Chinook Salmon, which had considerably smaller body sizes than both Coho Salmon and steelhead smolts. Together, our results suggest that releases of Coho Salmon into Puget Sound mediate mortality of steelhead smolts, possibly via increased predation pressure by shared predators.
Hypothalamic hypernatremic myopathy: A single‐center case series
Authors: Li Qingjie , Bao Lei , Liu Meirong , Zhang Ruixue , Shi Hongjuan , Chen Hao
Published: December 2022

Introduction/Aims

Hypernatremia myopathy is a rare disease often unrecognized by clinicians. This study aimed to present a case series of hypernatremic myopathy with an emphasis on profiling its clinical characteristics and exploring its pathogenesis.

Methods

We reviewed seven patients with hypernatremic myopathy and reported their demographic data, etiology, clinical manifestations, and laboratory and electrophysiological characteristics. A muscle biopsy was performed on one patient.

Results

All patients had hypothalamic lesions as the cause of the hypernatremia including craniopharyngioma, germinoma, pituitary adenoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and glioma. The clinical manifestations varied from mild weakness to complete paralysis. Myalgia and muscle cramps were also observed. Four of the patients had rhabdomyolysis on admission and developed acute kidney injury. All patients had markedly elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) and sodium levels. There was a significant positive correlation between serum sodium and CK levels. A high prevalence of hypopituitarism in different axes was observed in our study. Central hypogonadism (5 of 7), central hypothyroidism (3 of 7), and central diabetes insipidus (3 of 7) were the most common manifestations of hypothalamic dysfunction. Myopathic changes were observed on needle electromyography. The muscle biopsy of one patient showed diffuse necrotic fibers and scattered hypercontracted fibers with increased ragged red fibers.

Discussion

Hypernatremia myopathy should be considered in hypernatremic patients with muscle weakness and myalgia. Rhabdomyolysis frequently occurs and may lead to acute kidney injury in hypernatremia myopathy. Testing of hormone levels and performance of brain magnetic resonance imaging for possible hypothalamic lesions is strongly recommended.
Analytical solution for axisymmetric consolidation of unsaturated composite foundation incorporating permeable columns and impermeable columns
Authors: Gong Jiaming , Qin Aifang
Published: December 2022

Composite foundation is a widely used foundation treatment technology in geotechnical engineering. This study are derived governing equations to axisymmetric consolidation of unsaturated composite foundation (USCF) incorporating permeable columns and impermeable columns under instantaneous loading, and obtained the final solutions of excess pore pressures (EPPs) by using mathematical methods such as the variable separation, decoupling, finite Hankel transform and its inverse transform. The analytical solution obtained under free strain conditions is more general and representative, as it can be readily degraded to solutions for a variety of consolidation models and the EPPs can be conveniently calculated at any point in the calculation cell. Through degrading proposed solutions to the special case to verify their correctness, the comparative results were found well‐matched to the existing literature solutions. The effect of various parameters on the consolidation performance of USCF was analyzed, where the studied parameters include the compression modulus of columns, radius ratio for permeable columns, and the number of impermeable columns. The results show that increasing the compression modulus and area replacement rates of columns can accelerate consolidation and reduce settlement, and the latter is more effective. Compared to reinforced composite foundations with only a single form of the permeable or impermeable column, the combination of permeable and impermeable columns can significantly shorten the consolidation time and enhance the bearing capacity of the unsaturated ground.
Relationship between Type D personality and adverse health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: The parallel mediating roles of diabetes distress and social isolation
Authors: Lee Eun‐Hyun , Lee Young Whee , Chae Duckhee , Kang Eun Hee , Kang Hyun‐Jung
Published: December 2022

Aim

To investigate the relationship between Type D personality and adverse health outcomes [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL)] directly, and indirectly via diabetes distress and social isolation in people with type 2 diabetes.

Design

A secondary analysis of 524 participant's data derived from a cross‐sectional, correlational study with people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Data were analysed using the PROCESS macro of SPSS.

Results

Type D personality was present in 31.3% of the participants, and exerted a direct effect on HRQOL but not on HbA1c. Type D personality indirectly affected both HbA1c and HRQOL via the mediators of diabetes distress and social isolation. Nurses need to monitor people with type 2 diabetes to determine whether Type D personality is present. Those with Type D personality should be provided with interventions to reduce diabetes distress and alleviate social isolation in order to improve HbA1c and HRQOL.
Where does the time go when children don't sleep? A randomized crossover study
Authors: Morrison Silke , Haszard Jillian J. , Galland Barbara C. , Jackson Rosie , Meredith‐Jones Kim A. , Elder Dawn E. , Taylor Rachael W.
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study aimed to describe how mild sleep deprivation in children changes time spent physically active and sedentary.

Methods

In 2018 through 2020, children (n = 105) with normal sleep were randomized to go to bed 1 hour earlier (extension) or 1 hour later (restriction) than their usual bedtime for 1 week, each separated by a 1‐week washout. Twenty‐four‐hour movement behaviors were measured with waist‐worn actigraphy and expressed in minutes and proportions (percentages). Mixed‐effects regression models determined mean differences in time use (95% CI) between conditions. Time gained from sleep lost that was reallocated to other movement behaviors in the 24‐hour day was modeled using regression.

Results

Children (n = 96) gained ~49 minutes of awake time when sleep was restricted compared with extended. This time was mostly reallocated to sedentary behavior (28 minutes; 95% CI: 19‐37), followed by physical activity (22 minutes; 95% CI: 14‐30). When time was expressed as a percentage, the overall composition of movement behavior remained similar across both sleep conditions.

Conclusions

Children were not less physically active when mildly sleep deprived. Time gained from sleeping less was proportionally, rather than preferentially, reallocated to sedentary time and physical activity. These findings suggest that decreased physical activity seems unlikely to explain the association between short sleep and obesity in children.
Rheological and optical response of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose under variable temperatures for optical switching based on thermo‐optical effect
Authors: Stoica Iuliana , Buruiana Luminita Ioana , Albu Raluca Marinica , Soroceanu Marius , Barzic Andreea Irina
Published: December 2022

This work is devoted to investigate novel aspects of the rheological and optical response of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a result of temperature variations from 308.15 to 338.15 K. First, new insights on correlation between the solution flow behavior and the film thickness uniformity, under distinct temperatures, are established. Then, the HPMC film is examined from the point of view of some basic surface parameters describing the surface morphology, such as root mean square roughness, surface area ratio, texture direction index, kurtosis, skewness and surface bearing index. The refraction properties of HPMC are reported for the first time as a function of wavelength and temperature. The changes in the optical dispersion parameters as a function of temperature increase reveal the reduction of strength of interband optical transitions from 15.147 to 14.086 eV and a smaller band gap from 6.475 to 6.137 eV. The latter is caused by temperature‐induced dilatation of the polymer lattice and its effect on the electron–lattice interactions. The thermo‐optic coefficient of HPMC is found to be larger than that of other polymers, while its dependence on the wavelength is small, varying from −2.03 × 10−4 K−1 at 489 nm to −2.31 × 10−4 K−1. The resulted properties are corresponding to the demands imposed for materials used in optical switching based on thermo‐optical effect.
High flexible additively manufactured nanocomposite textiles with desirable thermoelectric properties
Authors: Karimian Afifeh , Valipouri Afsaneh , Amouhadi Iman , Badrossamay Mohsen , Alsharif Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2022

3D printing can be a promising approach for depositing polymers onto textiles. Printable materials with good mechanical flexibility; can be used for wearable thermoelectric devices that convert body heat energy into electricity. In this research, first, polypropylene filament was produced. The produced polypropylene filament was printed on polypropylene fabric with different parameters of printing speed, the number of layers, layer thickness, deposition angle, and extruder temperature. A peeling test evaluated the adhesion strength of polymer layers printed on polypropylene fabric. The results showed that a single layer printed with the average printing speed (50 mm/min), the highest extruder temperature (194°C), the medium layer thickness (0.3 mm), and the deposition angle Equal to a Zero degree had a higher peeling force. The cross‐sectional morphology of the printed layer on the fabric; was also investigated by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). To achieve thermoelectric properties, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/copper oxide nanoparticles/polypropylene nanocomposite filament were produced and printed on the fabric by a 3D printer using FDM technology. The mechanical properties of the filaments; were investigated, and filaments were characterized by FE‐SEM, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimeter. Then the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of nanocomposite filaments and printed layer on the fabric were measured. The electrical conductivity of the masterbatch, the nanocomposite filament, and the printed layer; was 1.667 × 5−10 s/cm, 2.586 × 6−10 s/cm, and 3.42 × 7−10 s/cm, respectively. Also, the Seebeck coefficient of masterbatch, the filament, and the polymer layer printed on the fabric; were 489, 430, and 220 μv/k, respectively.
High Performance Thermoplastic Energetic Composites Using Fluorinated Energetic Polyurethanes as Binder
Authors: Tang Gang , Wang Dongli , Chen Chunyan , Luo Yunjun , Li Xiaoyu
Published: December 2022

The performance of energetic composite materials is largely dependent on the energy level and combustion process. The fluorine‐containing energetic polyurethanes as binder can facilitate the combustion of metallic fuels and enhance the energy level of the energetic composites. In the current report, two kinds of thermoplastic energetic composites are prepared, based on novel fluorine‐containing energetic polyurethanes as binder and also with aluminum nanoparticles (AlNPs) and ammonium perchlorate (AP). Compared with the energetic composites with fluorine‐free energetic polyurethane binder, despite the very low fluorine content, the fluorine‐containing energetic composites not only showed higher density, lower mechanical sensitivity, much higher mechanical toughness, but also a significantly improved combustion efficiency and combustion rate of the AlNPs.
Expression of high molecular weight cytokeratin—A novel feature of aggressive and innate hormone‐refractory prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Jiajie G. , Lo Emily T. , Williams Cleandrea , Ma Brian , Sherrod Andy E. , Xiao Guang‐Qian
Published: December 2022

Background

Castration‐resistance is common in advanced prostatic adenocarcinomas (PACs) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and usually occurs after 2 years following treatment. A minority of PACs confer innate ADT resistance without prior hormonal treatment. The expression of HMWCK in PAC cells has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and genomic features of HMWCK‐expressing PACs and the relationship to ADT resistance.

Methods

A total of 469 PACs were studied for HMWCK expression (39 postradiotherapy, 57 post‐ADT, 373 treatment‐naïve PACs). Clinicopathologic correlations of the HMWCK expression with tumor grade groups, specific tumor morphologies, tumor stages and disease recurrence/persistence/progression were performed. Five HMWCK+ PACs were also sequenced for genetic alterations.

Results

Thirty one of the 469 cases (6.6%) showed variable HMWCK+ PAC. The HMWCK+ PAC often focally presented in the tumor and vast majority were associated with high Gleason scores and unfavorable growth patterns (cribriform, comedo‐necrosis, and intraductal carcinoma) as well as high tumor stages. A small percentage of the HMWCK+ PCA (2/31, 6.5%) presented with frank squamous histomorphology. Vast majority (22/31, 87%) had no history of prior ADT. The HMWCK+ PAC all displayed diminished to lost expression of AR/NKX3.1. Most of the cases progressed within 12 months of ADT or disease persisted despite ADT. Of the 5 HMWCK+ PACs subjected to gene sequencing, 4 presented with PTEN/PI3K/MAPK pathway alterations.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated HMWCK+ PAC to be a novel type of innate ADT‐resistant PAC. Overexpression of HMWCK in PAC can be potentially used as a surrogate biomarker for aggressive and innate hormone‐refractory PACs. The genetic alterations imply potential therapeutic implications of PI3K/MAPK inhibitors in the treatment of these deadly diseases.
Probabilistic cloud mask from visible and infrared sensors on‐board geostationary platform
Authors: Ojha Satya P. , Singh Randhir , Dube Nitant
Published: December 2022

We present a novel technique for developing a probabilistic cloud mask using sensors on a geostationary platform. The clear‐sky probability of a pixel is estimated using the past 45 days' observations by making use of the Gaussian mixture model, spectral clustering, and Bayes' theorem. The proposed cloud‐masking algorithm is applied on INSAT‐3D imager observations for the whole years 2017 and 2018. The INSAT‐3D imager cloud mask generated using the proposed method is compared against the Moderate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MYD35 cloud‐mask product. The skill of the algorithm, against the MODIS cloud‐mask product, is evaluated for day and night as well as for land and ocean separately. Overall, the Kuipers skill score (KSS) is found to be 0.82. The best performance of the algorithm is obtained during daytime over the land with .
Optimal trajectory tracking control for a class of nonlinear nonaffine systems via generalized N‐step value gradient learning
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Wang Ding , Qiao Junfei , Hu Lingzhi
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the tracking control problem of unknown nonlinear systems is solved by using the generalized N‐step value gradient learning algorithm with parameter [GNSVGL()]. The GNSVGL() algorithm can provide optimal tracking decisions faster than traditional ones. Initialized by different positive semi‐definite functions, the monotonicity and convergence properties of the proposed algorithm are proven. Under some conditions, the stability analysis of the value‐iteration‐based algorithm is provided. The one‐return and ‐return critic neural networks are constructed to approximate the gradient of the one‐return and ‐return cost functions. The action neural network is employed to approximate the control law of the error system. It is emphasized that one‐return and ‐return critic networks are combined to train the action neural network. Finally, via conducting simulation studies and comparisons, the excellent tracking performance of the proposed algorithm is confirmed.
Hydrological classification of non‐perennial Mediterranean rivers and streams: A new insight for their management within the water framework directive
Authors: Alcaraz‐Hernández Juan Diego , Soler Joaquín , Mezger Gabriel , Corrochano Codorníu Alfredo , Calleja Arriero Belén , Magdaleno Fernando
Published: December 2022

Classification of natural flow regimes of non‐perennial rivers and streams (NPRS) is an incipient field of research. NPRS represent approximately 70% of the total Mediterranean rivers and are expected to increase in the next decades as a result of climate change. Due to the ecological importance of NPRS and the need to improve national ecological assessment methods within the scope of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), this paper aims to classify the hydrological regime of 69 non‐regulated streams, testing several hydrological indices related to the magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change in periods of flow cessation. Using daily flow records, a total of 315 indices were calculated and their relationships were examined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for different thresholds used to define zero‐flow condition (0, 1, 2, and 5 L/s). Redundancy analysis identified five indices that better describe the patterns of hydrological variability in Mediterranean NPRS: number of days per year without flow, annual percentage of months without flow, mean daily annual flow, coefficient of variation of Julian date of the annual start of zero‐flow and annual rise rate. Using these indices, a self‐organizing map (SOM) was trained in order to categorize the NPRS into three groups with similar hydrological features. The results of this study provide a statistically‐based hydrological classification of NPRS in Mediterranean environments. We expect that this classification will provide useful insights to water authorities to improve the assessments of the ecological status in this type of water bodies.
Radio frequency identification implementation model for sustainable development: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel , Kineber Ahmed Farouk , Elseknidy Mohamed , Kayode Fakunle Samuel
Published: December 2022

Sustainability concepts are adopted via new technologies to achieve the highest gains without compromising the projects' objectives. One of these technologies is radio frequency identification (RFID). This research investigated the influence of various drivers and benefits of RFID implementation on the achievement of sustainable construction projects. A close‐ended questionnaire detailing the necessary variables were administered to relevant construction professionals in the study area. Results of exploratory factor analysis of the data revealed that the drivers of RFID could be grouped into three primary constructs: technology, industry, and culture. However, the benefits of implementing RFID have two primary constructs: resources and environment. This study employed a partial least square structural equation modeling to further evaluate the connections among drivers and the application of RFID in the building industry. Results indicated that implementing RFID in the building industry will aid the sustainability of construction projects. The findings of this study will assist policy makers concerned with the performance and sustainability of construction projects through the adoption of available technologies including RFID.
Salary transparency and gender pay inequality: Evidence from Canadian universities
Authors: Lyons Elizabeth , Zhang Laurina
Published: December 2022

Research Abstract

We examine whether salary transparency influences gender pays inequality in the context of Canadian universities by exploiting a policy change enacted in one Canadian province that required salary disclosure through a publicly searchable database, thus lowering the cost of monitoring the gender pay gap. We find that, on average, salary disclosure improves gender pay equality but institutions respond in different ways. Despite little media attention around gender equality at the time of the policy, institutions most likely to anticipate higher scrutiny, such as top ranked institutions, respond more aggressively to improve gender pay equality—both in terms of the magnitude and type of response. Combined, our findings suggest that the extent of change from salary transparency depends on the reduction in monitoring costs and organizational characteristics.

Managerial Abstract

Salary transparency has been implemented in various ways around the world as a strategy by firms and policy makers to reduce the gender pay gap. However, whether and how it can achieve this in practice is unclear. We examine a salary transparency policy that mandated disclosure to the public through an online database in one Canadian province by comparing the change in gender pay inequality in that province relative to the change in the gender pay gap in provinces without disclosure. We find that salary transparency improves average gender pay equality primarily within the most visible organizations that likely anticipate high levels of public scrutiny. Our findings imply that facilitating low‐cost public monitoring of gender inequalities can motivate organizations to enact change.
Freezing biological organisms for biomedical applications
Authors: Kuang Gaizhen , Zhang Qingfei , Jia Jinxuan , Yu Yunru
Published: December 2022

Biological organisms play important roles in human health, either in a commensal or pathogenic manner. Harnessing inactivated organisms or living organisms is a promising way to treat diseases. As two types of freezing, cryoablation makes it simple to inactivate organisms that must be in a non‐pathogenic state when needed, while cryopreservation is a facile way to address the problem of long‐term storage challenged by living organism‐based therapy. In this review, we present the latest studies of freezing biological organisms for biomedical applications. To begin with, the freezing strategies of cryoablation and cryopreservation, as well as their corresponding technical essentials, are illustrated. Besides, biomedical applications of freezing biological organisms are presented, including transplantation, tissue regeneration, anti‐infection therapy, and anti‐tumor therapy. The challenges and prospects of freezing living organisms for biomedical applications are well discussed. We believe that the freezing method will provide a potential direction for the standardization and commercialization of inactivated or living organism‐based therapeutic systems, and promote the clinical application of organism‐based therapy.
Feature grouping and sparse principal component analysis with truncated regularization
Authors: Jiang Haiyan , Qin Shanshan , Madrid Padilla Oscar Hernan
Published: December 2022

We propose a new method for principal component analysis (PCA) called feature grouping and sparse principal component analysis (FGSPCA). This method is designed to capture both grouping and sparsity structures in factor loadings simultaneously. To achieve this, we use a non‐convex truncated regularization that can adjust for sparsity and grouping effects automatically. This regularization encourages factor loadings with similar values to be either grouped together for feature grouping or be zero for feature selection, helping to reduce model complexity and improve interpretation. While other structured PCA methods often require prior knowledge to construct the regularization term, FGSPCA can capture grouping and sparsity structures without any prior information. We solve the resulting non‐convex optimization problem using an alternating algorithm that combines difference‐of‐convex programming, the augmented Lagrange method, and coordinate descent method. Our experiments show that FGSPCA performs well and efficiently on both synthetic and real‐world datasets. An implementation of FGSPCA is available on GitHub https://github.com/HaiyanJiang/FGSPCA.
Performance analysis of dual fuel engine by inducing hydrogen produced by solar energy
Authors: Anbazhaghan N , Lakshmanan T , Jayaprabakar J , Prabhu A
Published: December 2022

The present study aims on onsite production of hydrogen using electrolysis process in series and using temporary storage to store the gas and induce it at the required flow rate through the inlet manifold in a dual‐fueled engine along with injecting sapodilla oil through the fuel injector. Sapodilla oil biodiesel is prepared via conventional transesterification with standard operating conditions (65°C) reaction temperature, 3 h reaction time, 1.5% by wt. catalyst and 6:1 molar ratio). Diesel, B100 (100% biodiesel), B100 with two sets of hydrogen induction have been tested for its performance and emissions. Through this analysis it was found that the gas emission such as CO, HC, CO2 was greatly reduced compared to the diesel and sapodilla oil when hydrogen was induced but resulted in increase in NOx emission. There was improvement in parameters with increase in hydrogen induction.
Bulk locality and gauge invariance for boundary-bilocal cubic correlators in higher-spin gravity
Authors: Lysov Vyacheslav , Neiman Yasha
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We consider type-A higher-spin gravity in 4 dimensions, holographically dual to a free O(N) vector model. In this theory, the cubic correlators of higher-spin boundary currents are reproduced in the bulk by the Sleight-Taronna cubic vertex. We extend these cubic correlators from local boundary currents to bilocal boundary operators, which contain the tower of local currents in their Taylor expansion. In the bulk, these boundary bilocals are represented by linearized Didenko-Vasiliev (DV) “black holes”. We argue that the cubic correlators are still described by local bulk structures, which include a new vertex coupling two higher-spin fields to the “worldline” of a DV solution. As an illustration of the general argument, we analyze numerically the correlator of two local scalars and one bilocal. We also prove a gauge-invariance property of the Sleight-Taronna vertex outside its original range of applicability: in the absence of sources, it is invariant not just within transverse-traceless gauge, but rather in general traceless gauge, which in particular includes the DV solution away from its “worldline”.
Higher dualisations of linearised gravity and the $$ {A}_1^{+++} $$ algebra
Authors: Boulanger Nicolas , Cook Paul P. , O’Connor Josh A. , West Peter
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The non-linear realisation based on $$ {A}_1^{+++} $$

A
1

+
+
+

is known to describe gravity in terms of both the graviton and the dual graviton. We extend this analysis at the linearised level to find the equations of motion for the first higher dual description of gravity that it contains. We also give a systematic method for finding the additional fields beyond those in the non-linear realisation that are required to construct actions for all of the possible dual descriptions of gravity in the non-linear realisation. We show that these additional fields are closely correlated with the second fundamental representation of $$ {A}_1^{+++} $$

A
1

+
+
+

.
Black hole chemistry, the cosmological constant and the embedding tensor
Authors: Meessen Patrick , Mitsios Dimitrios , Ortín Tomás
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We study black-hole thermodynamics in theories that contain dimensionful constants such as the cosmological constant or coupling constants in Wald’s formalism. The most natural way to deal with these constants is to promote them to scalar fields introducing a (d − 1)-form Lagrange multiplier that forces them to be constant on-shell. These (d − 1)-form potentials provide a dual description of them and, in the context of superstring/supergravity theories, a higher-dimensional origin/explanation. In the context of gauged supergravity theories, all these constants can be collected in the embedding tensor. We show in an explicit 4-dimensional example that the embedding tensor can also be understood as a thermodynamical variable that occurs in the Smarr formula in a duality-invariant fashion. This establishes an interesting link between black-hole thermodynamics, gaugings and compactifications in the context of superstring/supergravity theories.
Boolean Complexes of Involutions
Authors: Hultman Axel , Umutabazi Vincent
Published: December 2022

Let (W, S) be a Coxeter system. We introduce the boolean complex of involutions of W which is an analogue of the boolean complex of W studied by Ragnarsson and Tenner. By applying discrete Morse theory, we determine the homotopy type of the boolean complex of involutions for a large class of (W, S), including all finite Coxeter groups, finding that the homotopy type is that of a wedge of spheres of dimension $$\vert S\vert -1$$

|
S
|
-
1

. In addition, we find simple recurrence formulas for the number of spheres in the wedge.
‘C’mon, let’s talk: a pilot study of mental health literacy program for Filipino migrant domestic workers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Martinez Andrea B. , Lau Jennifer Y. F. , Morillo Hannah Misha , Brown June S. L.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This pilot study of a culturally adapted online mental health literacy (MHL) program called ‘Tara, Usap Tayo!’ (C’mon, Let’s Talk) aims to assess the acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and potential effectiveness in improving the help-seeking behavior of Filipino migrant domestic workers in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods

Using mixed methods, we conducted a non-randomized single-group study of the online MHL program with 21 participants. The development of this intervention was guided by the Medical Research Council Framework for developing complex interventions and utilized Heim & Kohrt’s (2019) framework for cultural adaptation. Content materials from the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP), WHO Problem Management Plus (PM +) and Adult Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) were modified and translated into the Filipino language. The MHL program was delivered online in three sessions for two hours each session. Data were collected at three time points: (T1) pretest; (T2) posttest; and (3) follow-up test. Quantitative data on participants’ attitudes towards help-seeking and level of mental health literacy as outcome measures of potential intervention effectiveness were collected at T1, T2 and T3, while focus group discussions (FGDs) to assess participants’ feedback on the acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness of the online MHL program were conducted immediately at T2. Data analysis was done using a thematic approach for qualitative data from the FGDs and descriptive statistics and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to assess the difference in the T1, T2, and T3 tests. Both quantitative and qualitative results were then integrated and triangulated to answer the research questions.

Results

The online MHL program is generally acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for use among Filipino migrant domestic workers. Preliminary findings lend support for its possible effectiveness in improving mental health literacy and help-seeking propensity. The cultural adaptation made in the content, form, and delivery methods of the intervention was acceptable and feasible for this target subcultural group.

Conclusion

By improving their mental health literacy and help-seeking propensity, this online MHL program has the potential to provide support to the mental health and well-being of Filipino migrant domestic workers in the UK. Further feasibility study or large-scale randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm the preliminary findings of this study.
Secondary immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: a case-based review
Authors: Ruffer Nikolas , Holzer Marie-Therese , Bal Lukas Can , Melderis Simon , Krusche Martin , Huber Tobias B. , Kötter Ina
Published: December 2022

Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a potentially fatal acquired thrombotic microangiopathy syndrome that frequently develops in the context of infectious diseases or systemic autoimmune conditions including connective tissue diseases. We report the case of a 42-year-old female suffering from severe iTTP associated with anti-Jo-1 positive antisynthetase syndrome, which was successfully treated with combination therapy of intravenous immune globulin, rituximab and plasma exchange. Based on a systematic review of the literature, two additional cases of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated iTTP (secondary iTTP) were identified. In conclusion, iTTP may be a rare complication of IIM that clinicians should consider in cases of marked thrombocytopenia. Further work-up of this finding should include a peripheral blood smear (schistocyte count) and ADAMTS13 activity. The concomitant manifestation of these autoimmune conditions may require intensive immunosuppressive therapy.
Estimating right atrial pressure using upright computed tomography in patients with heart failure
Authors: Fukuoka Ryoma , Yamada Yoshitake , Kataoka Masaharu , Yokoyama Yoichi , Yamada Minoru , Narita Keiichi , Nakahara Takehiro , Fukuda Keiichi , Jinzaki Masahiro
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Upright computed tomography (CT) can detect slight changes particularly in the superior vena cava (SVC) volume in healthy volunteers under the influence of gravity. This study aimed to evaluate whether upright CT-based measurements of the SVC area are useful for assessing mean right atrial pressure (mRAP) in patients with heart failure.

Methods

We performed CT in both standing and supine positions to evaluate the SVC (directly below the junction of the bilateral brachiocephalic veins) and inferior vena cava (IVC; at the height of the diaphragm) areas and analyzed their relationship with mRAP, measured by right heart catheterization in 23 patients with heart failure.

Results

The median age of enrolled patients was 60 (51−72) years, and 69.6% were male. The median mRAP was 3 (1−7) mmHg. The correlations between the standing position SVC and IVC areas and mRAP were stronger than those in the supine position (SVC, ρ = 0.68, p < 0.001 and ρ = 0.43, p = 0.040; IVC, ρ = 0.57, p = 0.005 and ρ = 0.46, p = 0.026; respectively). Furthermore, the SVC area in the standing position was most accurate in identifying patients with higher mRAP (> 5 mmHg) (SVC standing, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–1.00; SVC supine, AUC = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.59–0.98; IVC standing, AUC = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.55–0.98; IVC supine, AUC = 0.72, 95% CI, 0.49–0.94). The inter- and intraobserver agreements (evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients) for all CT measurements were 0.962–0.991.

Conclusions

Upright CT-based measurement of the SVC area can be useful for non-invasive estimation of mRAP under the influence of gravity in patients with heart failure.

Key Points

• This study showed that the superior vena cava (SVC) area in the standing position was most accurate in identifying patients with heart failure with higher mean right atrial pressure.

• Upright computed tomography-based measurements of the SVC area can be a promising non-invasive method for estimating mean right atrial pressure under the influence of gravity in patients with heart failure.

• Clinical management of patients with heart failure based on this non-invasive modality may lead to early assessment of conditional changes and reduced hospitalization for exacerbation of heart failure.
Demographic and clinical characteristics determining patient-centeredness in endometriosis care
Authors: Grundström Hanna , Kilander Helena , Wikman Per , Olovsson Matts
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The primary aim of this study was to assess patient-centeredness of endometriosis care in a national sample of Swedish women with endometriosis. The secondary aims were to assess the importance of different dimensions of endometriosis care and to analyze demographic and clinical determinants associated with the experience of patient-centeredness.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 476 women with confirmed endometriosis. An invitation to participate was sent to 1000 randomly selected women aged ≥ 18 years having any endometriosis diagnosis and who had visited a gynecological clinic due to endometriosis problems any time during the past five years. Participants were recruited from ten different-sized gynecology clinics all over Sweden. The invitation letter had a link to the digital survey, which consisted of demographic and clinical questions, and the ENDOCARE questionnaire (ECQ). ECQ measures experiences, importance and patient-centeredness of ten dimensions of endometriosis care. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze which patient-specific demographic and clinical determinants were associated with the experience of patient-centeredness.

Results

The response rate was 48%. The results indicate that Swedish women with endometriosis experience low patient-centeredness and rate relational aspects with healthcare professionals as the most important aspects of care. Having a gynecologist with patient responsibility was an independent predictor for high patient-centeredness.

Conclusion

Women with endometriosis in Sweden experience low patient-centeredness, reflecting the urgent need for improvement. More effort should be given to develop the relational aspects of care. Women with endometriosis should have a responsible gynecologist to care for treatment and follow-up.
Dosimetric evaluation study of IMRT and VMAT techniques for prostate cancer based on different multileaf collimator designs
Authors: Fathy Mohamed M. , Hassan Belal Z. , El-Gebaly Reem H. , Mokhtar Maha H.
Published: December 2022

The hypofractionated radiotherapy modality was established to reduce treatment durations and enhance therapeutic efficiency, as compared to conventional fractionation treatment. However, this modality is challenging because of rigid dosimetric constraints. This study aimed to assess the impact of multi-leaf collimator (MLC) widths (10 mm and 5 mm) on plan quality during the treatment of prostate cancer. Additionally, this study aimed to investigate the impact of the MLC mode of energy on the Agility flattening filter (FF), MLC Agility-free flattening filter (FFF), and MLCi2 for patients receiving hypofractionated radiotherapy. Two radiotherapy techniques; Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiotherapy (VMAT), were used in this research. In the present study, computed tomography simulations of ten patients (six plans per patient) with localized prostate adenocarcinoma were analyzed. Various dosimetric parameters were assessed, including monitor units, treatment delivery times, conformity, and homogeneity indices. To evaluate the plan quality, dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were estimated for each technique. The results demonstrated that the determined dosimetric parameters of planning target volume (PTV)p (such as D mean, conformity, and homogeneity index) showed greater improvement with MLC Agility FF and MLC Agility FFF than with MLCi2. Additionally, the treatment delivery time was reduced in the MLC Agility FF (by 31%) and MLC Agility FFF (by 10.8%) groups compared to the MLCi2 group. It is concluded that for both the VMAT and IMRT techniques, the smaller width (5 mm) MLCs revealed better planning target volume coverage, improved the dosimetric parameters for PTV, reduced the treatment time, and met the constraints for OARs. It is therefore recommended to use 5 mm MLCs for hypofractionated prostate cancer treatment due to better target coverage and better protection of OARs.
Time-varying effects of local weather on behavior and probability of breeding deferral in two Arctic-nesting goose populations
Authors: Cunningham Stephanie A. , Schafer Toryn L. J. , Wikle Christopher K. , VonBank Jay A. , Ballard Bart M. , Cao Lei , Bearhop Stuart , Fox Anthony D. , Hilton Geoff M. , Walsh Alyn J. , Griffin Larry R. , Weegman Mitch D.
Published: December 2022

Arctic-nesting geese face energetic challenges during spring migration, including ecological barriers and weather conditions (e.g., precipitation and temperature), which in long-lived species can lead to a trade-off to defer reproduction in favor of greater survival. We used GPS location and acceleration data collected from 35 greater white-fronted geese of the North American midcontinent and Greenland populations at spring migration stopovers, and novel applications of Bayesian dynamic linear models to test daily effects of minimum temperature and precipitation on energy expenditure (i.e., overall dynamic body acceleration, ODBA) and proportion of time spent feeding (PTF), then examined the daily and additive importance of ODBA and PTF on probability of breeding deferral using stochastic antecedent models. We expected distinct responses in behavior and probability of breeding deferral between and within populations due to differences in stopover area availability. Time-varying coefficients of weather conditions were variable between ODBA and PTF, and often did not show consistent patterns among birds, indicating plasticity in how individuals respond to conditions. An increase in antecedent ODBA was associated with a slightly increased probability of deferral in midcontinent geese but not Greenland geese. Probability of deferral decreased with increased PTF in both populations. We did not detect any differentially important time periods. These results suggest either that movements and behavior throughout spring migration do not explain breeding deferral or that ecological linkages between bird decisions during spring and subsequent breeding deferral were different between populations and across migration but occurred at different time scales than those we examined.
Intravenous diclofenac and orphenadrine for the treatment of postoperative pain after remifentanil-based anesthesia
Authors: Zeiner Sebastian , Haider Thomas , Zotti Oliver , Thüringer Katrin , Höbart Petra , Kimberger Oliver , Knolle Erich
Published: December 2022

Background

Postoperative intravenous diclofenac reduces patient opioid demand and is commonly used in surgical units. Orphenadrine is mainly used in combination with diclofenac for musculoskeletal injuries and postoperative pain control. The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac-orphenadrine, diclofenac alone and saline.

Methods

We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-center clinical study investigating the opioid-sparing effect of a combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine versus diclofenac alone versus isotonic saline solution. Initially 72 patients were included and received total intravenous anesthesia during cruciate ligament surgery. All patients were postoperatively treated with a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device containing hydromorphone. Pharmacological safety was assessed by laboratory parameters, vital signs, and delirium detection scores.

Results

There was no significant difference between the groups in cumulative dose of PCA analgesics required after 24 h postsurgery, with 5.90 mg (SD ± 2.90 mg) in the placebo group, 5.73 mg (SD ± 4.75 mg) in the diclofenac group, and 4.13 mg (SD ± 2.57 mg) in the diclofenac-orphenadrine group. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the groups in cumulative dose of PCA analgesics required 2 h postsurgery (n = 65). Mean dose of hydromorphone required after 2 h was 1.54 mg (SD ± 0.57 mg) in the placebo group, 1.56 mg (SD ± 1.19 mg) in the diclofenac-only group, and 1.37 mg (SD ± 0.78 mg) in the diclofenac-orphenadrine group. However, when comparing the diclofenac-orphenadrine group and the diclofenac group combined to placebo there was a significant reduction in PCA usage in the first 24 h postsurgery. In total, there were 25 adverse events reported, none of which were rated as severe.

Conclusion

Orphenadrine-diclofenac failed to significantly reduce postoperative opioid requirements. However, in an exploratory post hoc analysis the diclofenac-orphenadrine and the diclofenac group combined versus placebo showed a tendency to reduce opioid demand in postoperative pain control. Further research is required to determine the value of orphenadrine as an adjuvant in a multimodal approach for postoperative pain management.
Sol-Gel/Gel Casting Nanoarchitectonics of Hybrid Fe2O3–ZnO/PS-PEG Nanocomposites and Their Optomagnetic Properties
Authors: Abou Hammad Ali B. , Mansour A. M. , Elhelali Thoraya Maamoun , El Nahrawy Amany M.
Published: December 2022

Polymer networks incorporated with iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles have superparamagnetic and electrical characteristics where it can be employed in a variety of significant applications. To achieve optimal distribution and connection of nanoparticles in various polymeric matrices, it is required to investigate their dispersion performance with varied contents and the impact on their physical characteristics. A controlled sol-gel method is used combined with gel casting to synthesize organic-inorganic nanocomposites of (ZnO)x(1 − x)Fe2O3 loaded within a polystyrene-polyethylene glycol matrix. The structural and morphological assembly of the hydrogen bonds between the inorganic and organic parts is verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning/transmission electron microscope (SEM/TEM) for the synthesized nanocomposites. The existence of the Fe aggregates, Zn/Fe pairs, and organic molecules was also confirmed by FTIR spectra. Optical and magnetic properties were evaluated. The band gap, refractive index, optical dielectric constant, and optical electronegativity were extracted.