bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The numeric model of the properties of viscoelastic pavement layers made of asphalt concrete
Authors: Pożarycki Andrzej , Górnaś Przemysław
Published: June 2020

Regardless of the complexity of performed analyses of pavement construction, the evidence for the high level of the real conditions rendering can be seen in the parameter values which need to be determined experimentally or through a reliable traceability of the parameters of a given model. By means of a detailed numeric analysis of a beam model, to which pure bending and periodic loading were applied, the authors determined the viscoelastic parameters of the sample HMA material. Next, the materials, defined in this way, were used for the construction of a pavement model. As a result of the juxtaposition of the calculation for the pavement model and the results of calculations performed with FWD, it was possible to confirm the convergence of the results on the level of accuracy accepted from the engineering perspective.
On assessment of cracking of concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars
Authors: Urbański Marek Urbański , Łapko Andrzej
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a comparative analysis of experimental and theoretical crack widths of simply supported beams reinforced with BFRP rebar (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymers). The tested BFRC model beams have been made of concrete class C30/37 and of bottom flexural basalt bars 8 mm in diameter. The reference RC beams with traditional flexural steel reinforcement have been additionally made of the same diameter. Beam deflections, concrete crack widths and strength capacity of beams reinforced with BFRP bars as well as with traditional steel bars have been registered. It has been shown that crack widths of beams reinforced with BFRP bars have been much (three to four times) higher than in the beams reinforced traditionally.
Buckling of elastically restrained cantilever wall with free edge stiffening
Authors: Szychowski Andrzej
Published: June 2020

The issue of the stability loss in a compressed wall of a thin-walled member with an open cross section was reduced to the buckling analysis of the cantilever wall. The wall was unilaterally elastically restrained against rotation. The stiffening of the free edge of the wall was susceptible to deflection. The plate deflection functions and stiffenings that allow the modelling of boundary conditions on both longitudinal edges were proposed. Graphs of buckling coefficients for different indexes of the elastic restraint of the supported edge and different geometries of the edge stiffening were determined.
Application of modified Bellinger’s method for optimization of the choice of means of transport
Authors: Duchaczek Artur , Skorupka Dariusz
Published: June 2020

This paper presents an example of the application of modified Bellinger’s method in the process of optimization of means of transport on the basis of forklift trucks in construction products and materials warehouses. The principles of the discussed method have been described and its pros and cons have been evaluated. The results of the decisive variant ranking have been compared with the results of calculations employing the original Bellinger’s method.
Bidding factors in procurements of design documentation
Authors: Leśniak Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

The present study described a group of factors that may influence the decision to participate in a tender, when the subject of the order is the preparation of design documentation. The importance of the proposed factors was based on the opinions of designers who perform such services at the construction market. This analysis is followed by an assessment of the conformity of the opinions by means of the dispersion coefficient of relative ranking. The values of the dispersion coefficient of a relative classification differ considerably, from one another depending on the value under assessment. Yet, it is worth noticing that in the assessment of the factors influencing a bid/no bid decision, experts’ subjectivism cannot be avoided.
The application of method AHP to choose a construction enterprise for partnering cooperation
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina Elżbieta
Published: June 2020

In construction industry partnering is a long-term commitment between two or more organizations aimed at achieving particular business objectives by maximizing the effectiveness of each participant’s resources. As opposed to competition, partnering is characterized by cooperation rather than rivalry which may transform into fighting. Partners cooperate, striving for the implementation of a construction project, which is their common objective, and for mutual benefits. The present author has developed a research model of the partnering relations of construction enterprises. This paper presents a non-standard application of AHP multi-criteria method in choosing a construction enterprise for partnering cooperation during the construction project implementation.
Avaliação da aprendizagem nas aulas de Matemática: olhares interligados sobre o perfil dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática das universidades públicas de Pernambuco
Authors: Almeida Matheus Souza de , Nascimento Ross Alves do , Silva Sara Rocha da
Published: June 2020

Este estudo discute os impactos das reflexões teóricas, nos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática do estado de Pernambuco, acerca da avaliação nas aulas de Matemática e tem por objetivo identificar quais representações os licenciandos possuem quanto às concepções e finalidades dessa temática. O debate que propomos é fruto de uma investigação que foi realizada no Laboratório Científico de Aprendizagem, Pesquisa e Ensino (LACAPE - UFRPE/CNPq), em 2019/2. As etapas do procedimento teórico-metodológico são: (i) revisão da literatura, (ii) análise de documentos oficiais, (iii) análise das ementas dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática e (iv) aplicação de questionário com trinta licenciandos de três universidades públicas. Tomamos como base para o trabalho exploratório os princípios da pesquisa qualitativa, segundo os quais organizamos os dados coletados, apresentando-os no formato de diagramas, quadros e gráficos, para então esmiuçar as nossas percepções. Para a análise dos dados, realizamos a modalidade de análise de conteúdo à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS) e da pesquisa narrativa, no sentido de interpretar os depoimentos dos participantes. Conforme os resultados obtidos, observamos que uma das instituições ainda não possui nenhuma disciplina específica obrigatória que abranja diretamente sobre como ocorre ou deve ser trabalhada a avaliação na Matemática. Constatamos também que a concepção de avaliação varia de acordo com o perfil de cada licenciando/a. Este artigo acentua, portanto, a necessidade de trazer discussões sobre esse tema ainda na formação inicial, a fim de que os docentes de Matemática possam vislumbrar formas heterogêneas e inovadoras de avaliar.
Comparative area of desensitiztion by three different volumes of local anesthetic solution for paravertebral block
Authors: Yaskevich Valery , Marochkov Alexey
Published: June 2020

Aim and objectives: Ropivacaine is the drug of choice when we need more sensory block and less motor block. It also has a good safety margin. The anesthesiologists have been using rough formulas to determine the volume of the drug for the desired spread.

We conducted this study to determine the area distribution of paravertebral block (PVB) using three different volumes of ropivacaine.
Risk factors and symptoms stratification and mortality of COVID-19 in population of Nowshera (Pakistan)
Authors: Khan Hamzullah , Khan Khalid , Taj Shah , Zar Abu
Published: June 2020

Background & Objectives: COVID-19 has spread around the globe, and our country is no exception. We have been actively observing and managing these patients and have recorded the salient features including risk factors, the presenting complaints and also the trends of mortality.
Comparison of oral pregabalin and intravenous lignocaine for attenuating stress response during intubation in hypertensive patients – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vadhanan Prasanna , Ganesh Narendren , Prakash Revathy
Published: June 2020

Background: The hemodynamic stress response to intubation needs attenuation in hypertensive individuals. The anesthesiologists have tried various methods and drugs for this purpose. We compared the effectiveness of oral pregabalin and intravenous lignocaine to attenuate the pressor response in patients with stage-1 hypertension in this prospective, randomized double blinded study.
A comparative study of tramadol and lidocaine gel on complications of orotracheal intubation
Authors: Farzam Hossein , Yari Mitra , Mohammadi Ghobad , Rahmatinejad Maryam
Published: June 2020

Background & Objectives

It is essential to know the complications of orotracheal intubation in general anesthesia and the use of a good strategy for the prevention of the side effects to make patients satisfied with the surgery. This study aimed to compare the effect of topical Lidocaine gel and tramadol gel on complications of orotracheal intubation.
EFFECT OF POTASH FERTILIZATION AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF IRON AND ZINC ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TWO GENOTYPES OF MUNG BEAN
Authors: & Al-Jumaily Abdalgafor
Published: June 2020

A filed experiment was conducted at Ehssay village-Amria-Fallujah district in Al-Anbar governorate during the spring season of 2012 and 2013 in order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer and foliar nutrition of iron and zinc on yield and its quality of two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes. Factorial arrangement was used in RCBD with three replicates. The experiment included three levels of potassium (0, 60 and 120) kg K.ha-1, four treatments of foliar application of zinc and iron (0, Fe 150, Zn 100 and Fe 150 + Zn 100) mg.L-1 and two mung bean genotype (Local and Indian VC6089A10). The local genotype gave the highest rate of the number of pods (32.13 and 36.28) pod.plant -1and seed yield (573.0 and 601.8) kg.ha-1, while the indian genotype was superior in weight of 100 seed (6.66 and 7.29) gm for both seasons respectively. The level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium gave the highest average of seed yield (635.4  and 663.6) kg.ha-1, while the level 120 kg.ha-1 gave heighest average of number of seeds per pod (7.6 and 7.5 seed.pod-1) and protein percentage (26.18 and 25.82)% for the two seasons respectively. The concentration of Fe 150 mg Fe.L-1 and Fe + Zn (Fe 150 + Zn100 mg.L-1) recorded highest values for most of yield traits for both seasons. The foliar application of Fe gave seed yield (583.0 and 576.8) kg.ha-1, while foliar application of Fe+Ze gave highest average of seed per pod (7.6 and 7.2) seed.pod-1 and percentage of protein (27.17 and 27.11)% for both seasons respectively. A significant interaction between genotypes and potassium levels, the local genotype with 60 kg K.ha-1gave the heighest average of the number of pods (39.22 and 41.61) pod.plant-1 and seeds yield (703.6 and 756.9) kg.ha-1 for both seasons respectively, so the interaction between local genotype and concentration (Fe150 + Zn100) mg.L-1 gave the highest average of number of pods, number of seeds per pod and protein percentage for the first seasons only. The interaction between the level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium and the concentration Fe150 mg.L-1 from the foliar nutrition of iron showed significant superiority in seed yield (754.9 and 759.5) kg.ha-1 for both seasons respectively. The triple interaction was significant in most of traits under study, the local genotype that fertilized with 60 kg K.ha-1 and sprayed with Fe 150 + Zn 100 mg.L-1 gave highest average of seed yield (886.7 kg.ha-1) in the second season only.
EFFECT OF SOME NEW HERBICIDES ON THE COMPETITION ABILITY TO SEVEN MAIZE CULTIVARS ( Zea mays L. ) ON THE WEED ACCOMPANYING
Authors: & Shati Al-khazali
Published: June 2020

A field trials was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station / Agricultural Research Office (33°19ʹ27ʺ.1 North, 44°14ʹ13ʺ.1 East) during spring & fall seasons  of 2014, to study the response of  maize  cultivars (Al-Maha, Baghdad 3, Buhuth 106, Fajer1, Talar, Sara and 5018( to weeds control under different herbicides (2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian , 60 gm.h-1 Arrow, 2000 cm3.h-1 Proponit, 600 cm3.h-1 Crew , Weedy and Weed Free). The experiment was accomplished using randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to  split plot arrangement with three replicates. The study involved six different weed treatments as main treatments, whereas, sub plots comprised of seven maize cultivars. The results revealed a clear effect of different weeds control treatments   most of the studied traits. The treatment  (2000 cm3.h-1 Guradian) gave less mean of weed density reached  9.19 & 14.05 plant.m­²  during both seasons   in comparison with  weedy  treatment gave the highest mean of weed density reached 20.81 & 28.81 plant.m­² for both seasons respectively. So, the Guradian treatment achieved the highest percentage of weed control which were  55.70 & 50.72 % for both seasons respectively in comparison with  weedy  treatment. And therefore decreased weed dry matter weight where the Guradian treatment gave lowest weed dry matter weight 116.37 & 153.35 gm.m-2 for both seasons respectively. Whereas, the highest weed dry matter weight was in weedy treatment 391.56 & 858.59 gm.m-2 during the both seasons,  and then elevating inhibition percentage 70.35  & 81.34% for both seasons respectively as compared with weedy treatment. Fajer1in the spring season record  the lowest average density reached 8.94 plant.m-2, While Baghdad 3 gave the highest average for this Character reached 11.78 plant.m-2, and In the fall season, Buhuth 106 record  lowest average  to this Character reached 13.72 plant.m-2 while Sarah gave the highest average for this Character reached 16.22 plant.m-2. Most of maize cultivars showed a response to the different treatments of weed control. Where, The Guradian treatment with Al-Maha  gave less mean of weed density reached 7.33 plant.m­²  in comparison with  weedy  treatment with Baghdad3 gave the highest mean of weed density reached 25.33 plant.m­²during the spring season. While, in the fall season; The Guradian treatment with Buhuth 106 gave less mean of weed density reached 12.00  plant.m­²  in comparison with  weedy  treatment with Sara gave the highest mean of weed density reached 34.33 plant.m­²during the spring season. finally, We can conclude that all Herbicides  have reduced the  weed density  and decreased weed dry matter weight  in varying proportions depending on the nature of the chemical composition of the herbicide treatment compared with weedy treatment and also  the maize cultivars showed  ability to compete with the weed and thus Difference  at ratios of reducing the weed density and weed  dry matter weights.
ROLE OF PROLINE ACID IN IMPROVING SUNFLOWER YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS UNDER DEFICIT CONDITIONS WATER
Authors: & Alag Abass
Published: June 2020

A field study was conducted during the spring and autumn seasons of 2014 at the experimental farm of Field Crop Department, College of  Agriculture (Abo-Ghraib) - University of Baghdad, to study the effect of Irrigation deficiency quantities and concentrations of Proline acid on yield , its components, water consumptive and water use efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annus L. ) for Luleo hybrid. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in arrangement of a split-plot with three replications were used. Irrigation treatments, control (depletion  50% of available water) and 60% , 50%  40% of control treatment, were assigned as a main plots. while proline acid concentrations of 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg.L-1 were assigned as a subplots. The results showed that there is no significant differences between the control treatment and 60% of the control for  the period from planting to 50% flowering, number of leaves, relative water content, nitrogen concentration in leaves, fertilization percentage, number of seeds in the head,100 seed weight and seeds yield reaching 3.90, 2.46 t.ha-1  and 3.78 , 2.41 t.ha-1 for spring and autumn seasons respectively. which indicates the possibility of saving 40% of the water consumption which is estimated 1920.00, 2960.00 m3. ha-1. Season-1  for two seasons respectively without any yield reduction. While the percentage of decline in seeds yield for treatments 50% and 40% from the control treatment for spring season were 14.61%  , 19.74% respectively and 21.95 % , 33.33% for autumn season comparing with control. Irrigation treatment 40%, 60% of the control treatments gave the best water use efficiency for both seasons respectively. a concentrations of Proline acid affect significantly most of studied traits. Increasing of Proline to 60mg.L-1 gave the to increase in fertilization percentage was  و70.2081.% 100 seed weight7.12 و7.52 gm, seed yield 3.75, 2.21 t.ha-1 and water use efficiency 0.84 و0.29  kg seed.m-3 water comparing with control for two seasons respectively .The interaction between irrigation and Proline acid showed a significantly effect on all characteristics seeds yield components traits in both seasons. We therefore recommend that in case of limited  irrigation water  by %60 by the need of the full irrigation (50 % depletion of available water) without a significant decrease in product seed yield, in addition to possibility treatment of  sunflower plants with Proline acid with 60 mg .L-1 to improvement capacity of water stress.
EFFECT OF MAGNITIZED WATER ON COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO REARING IN DIFFERENT SALINITY CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: & Jumaa Alrudainy
Published: June 2020

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of magnetized water on common carp Cyprinus carpio rearing in different salinity concentrations. The experiment was divided into four treatments using magnetized with 1500 gauss for each treatment,  first as control with tap water, second treatment using water with 2 mg/l, third and fourth treatments with 3 and 4 mg/l respectively for 8 weeks. Results of the experiment indicated some variations between treatments as it seen sharp significant decrease (P≤0.05) in pH, dissolved O2 proportional with increasing salinity concentration but just remain within the accepted values for breeding common carp fish, meanwhile there are no significant differences  in blood picture except in PCV which record significant decrease (P≤0.05) in fourth treatment. In contrast, blood ions noticed to record significant increase (P≤0.05) related proportionally with increasing salinity concentration. The survival ratio for is 100%. This study is confirmed that magnetized water could improve breeding and growth of common carp in the rivers or in water at mid concentrated salinity relatively for increasing magnetized with the time.
AN ECONOMIC STUDY ABOUT THE DEMAND OF MAJOR RED and WHITE MEAT IN IRAQ OF 1990 – 2012 USING LINEAR APPROXIMATION MODELOF ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM
Authors: &  Jabra Abdul-Mageed
Published: June 2020

Despite rising the economic level of the Iraqi citizen, but there was a shortage in completing consumer's needs of animal protein. The high price of some sources of animal protein led capita turning to other alternatives to fill shortage and these turnings made destabilizations in demand of required quantities of these goods, hence on its productivity and imported quantities. This paper aimed to evaluate the functions of fish, chicken and red meat demand in Iraq due to fish considered as a good alternative of meat as it is an important source of animal protein. Demand function were evaluated according to linear approximation model of Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), the study showed that the special Marshal's price elasticity was the highest for chicken followed by fish and red meat. The elasticity of expenditure of red meat showed that it considered luxury goods where it was more than 1 and there was no satiate in, while the elasticity of expenditure of fish and chicken could be essential goods as it was less than 1 and that represented the reality of Iraqi citizen.
EFFECT OF FEEDING TREATMENT WITH SOME EXTRACTS OF BLACK PEPPER ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COTTON LEAF WORM
Authors: & et al. AL-Khazraji
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to study the effect of food treatment leaves of Malva sylvestris with ethanol ,ethyl acetate, hexane and oil extract of  black pepper fruits Piper nigrum on some biological aspects of cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis by using the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5% of each extract, The results of feeding treatments of second larvae instar showed an increase in mortality percentages which reached 100% at the all extracts when using 5% concentrate. used in the test, while the highest mortality reached to 26.7% when using ethanol extract at 5% concentrate for sixth larvae instar fed on treated leaves for 24 hrs., it was also found that the period of larvae growth and pupae were prolonged by ethanol extract which reached to 33 days at the conc. 2.5% for the second larvae instar while reached 25 days in control, and pupae growth reached to 14 days at the same conc. while reached 10.3 days in control.
ESTIMATION OF VARIANCES , GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS FOR SOME TRAITS OF MAIZE UNDER HIGHEST UNDUR NITROGEN ABUNDANCE
Authors: Bunder S. J.
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was estimation of variances, broad sense heritability genotypic and phenotypic correlation for some traits of  maize  under  nitrogen abundance . the experiment was conducted at the farm of the Dept. of  Field Crop Sci., College of Agric., Univ. of  Baghdad during the Spring and fall seasons of 2012 under level 400 Kg N. ha rate-1 . Diallel cross was performed among four maize inbred lines (Zm7, Zm607, Oh40, Zr8) to produce six single crosses in spring season . The seeds of parents and crosses were sown in fall season using R.C.B.D. with three replicates. The results showed significant difference among genotypes and the values of the genotypic variance were more than environment variance in all studied characters. The values of phenotypic coefficients of variation larger than the genotypic and the higher rate of genotypic coefficient of variation for 300 grain weight 16.74, no. of grain per row 15.05 and leaves area 12.18. furthermore high estimates of broad sense heritability were observed for all characters and the highest value 81.45 for 300 weight grain and 75.31 for leaves area .The grain yield gave high significant negative genotypic and phenotypic with silking date and positive with plant height , leaves area , no. of grain per row , 300 grain weight. It was concluded that a breeder can use leaves area , no. of grain per row and grain weight as selection index  in selection program of  maize under high nitrogen
MARKETING MARGIN ACCOUNT BETWEEN THE PRODUCER AND CONSUMER PRICE OF SOME VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD AND THE PRICE OF THE AGRICULTURAL SEASON FOR SUMMER 2014
Authors: & et al. Al- Fraji
Published: June 2020

This research aims to, analyze and estimate marketing margins and the relative importance of some vegetable crops in the province of Baghdad and then estimate the product share and wholesaler and retailer of consumer Iraqi dinars spent boil vegetable crops studied Results of the study showed that the margin catalog crops fresh vegetables varies from time to harvest as it was about 316 dinars Tomato and 315 for the option of water and 421.3 dinars eggplant and 448.5 dinars potato and 425.5 dinars onions dry.  How much the product share of consumer spending was about %58.3 and tomatoes %59.7 of the option and water %52.3 of the eggplant and %56.2  and potatoes 49.8% of dry onions. The share of the  wholesale  of consumer spending about 12% and tomatoes %13.5 of the option and water %11.2 of the eggplant and %9.5  and potato %9.2 onion dry. What share of the retailer of consumer spending about % 29.7  and tomatoes 23.3% of the option and water (36.4%) of the eggplant and 34.2% and potatoes 41.0% of dry onions. The relative importance of the terms of marketing margin for vegetable crops school came first prize profit retailer as it drew %42.6, and came in second place transportation as the percentage %18.8. And the third place came the profits of the wholesaler as the percentage %17.7, And it was ranked fourth marketing operations costs as the percentage %10.1  it ranked fifth  packing costs amounting to % 9.2  . It came sixth rank as loading costs amounted to %1.3. And that the margin between the search marketing is relatively high despite the decline in its absolute value, to the short distance between the producer and the consumer on the one hand and the lack of marketing tasks on the other hand care. Find recommendations came out of perhaps the most important work to raise marketing efficiency by changing market performance so that leads to lower costs functionality without modifying or reducing benefits or increasing the marketing benefits of marketing services without increasing marketing costs or achieve both.
PREDICTION QUANTITIES OF AVAILABLE OF CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF RED MEAT, CHICKEN AND FISH IN IRAQ FOR PERIOD 2012-2022 THROUGH USING BOX - JENKINS METHODOLOGY.
Authors: & Jabra Mageed
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze time series using the method of Box and Jenkins (B&J) (diagnosit, estimating, model appropriate test and prediction) to find the best model of predicting available quantities for red meat, chicken and fish consumption in Iraq depending on the annual data of 1990 – 2012. The analysis results showed that the model was the appropriate model for red meat of (0, 1, 1), for chicken of (1, 1, 1) and for fish of (1, 0, 0). Annually predicting available quantities for red meat, chicken and fish consumption was depending on these models for 2012 – 2022. The rates of available quantities growth for red meat, chicken and fish consumption per capita decreased during the studied period and were compatible with predicted quantities which indicated the decreasing but slowly. To keep on the current levels of red meet, chicken and fish consumption. It must be working on increasing the development of these sections of 1.9 , 1.45 , and 1.6%, respectively, to face the predicted negative development rate of -1.9 , -1.4 and -1.6% , respectively.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR A RISK IN THE CULTIVATION OF WHEAT ON OF HIGH SALINITY SOILS WHICH IN IRAQ, USING THE MODEL (MOTAD) - WASIT GOVORNORATE AN APPLIED MODEL
Authors: & Farhan Nassir
Published: June 2020

Agriculture is a biological industry with highly vulnerable to natural factors, so the cultivation of wheat crop is very risky in lands, characterized by high levels of soil salinity, leading to high risk and uncertainty component. For this Al-MOTAD model has been adopted to analysis the risk. The research depends on a random sample composed of 590 farmers, representing eight agricultural sectors from agricultural cultivation Wasit Directorate. The Basic Plan for linear programming been designed , and then built al MOTAD model for risk, after nine plans to al MOTAD model  represent different levels of degrees of risk posed by the average total absolute deviations A, with levels of income E, until it reached the degree of risk to a minimum as possible in results of ninth Plan to zero level for degrees of risk with the level of net return of 39028220 dinars, cultivation 260578 donnum, and 145560 donnum, and 122748 donnum, and 83611.7 donnum of wheat in different levels of the soil which does not exceed the salinity 8 ds m-1. And cultivating 10428 donnum of industrial  barley , and 137663.3 donnum of Gath, and 2422.8 donnum maize in the land that salinity level higher than 8 ds m-1.
EVALUATION BREAD WHEAT PURE LINES UNDER EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND IT, S COMPONENT
Authors: & Naes Baktash
Published: June 2020

This research was carried out at the Swerah Research Station –Office of Agricultural Researches Ministry of Agriculture, during 2014-2015 season. The objective of this research was to evaluation 15 pure lines (Triticum aestivum L.). genotypes ,the seventh generation developed by half dialled method between 6 parents. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates ,The main plots were four seeding rates (120, 160, 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 ), while the 21 genotypes occupied sub plots .The two pure lines S97 and S148 out yielded other genotypes except A4.10 and Abu-Ghraib in grain yield which, produced 6.35 and 6.09 t.ha-1, respecting .increasing seeding rates caused to increase in number of spikes .plant-1 and flag leaves angle. Significant difference were found among genotypes due to seeding rate.The pure line S148 ,using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate produced highest grain yield (7.49 t.ha-1) which did not differed from using A4.10 under 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 seeding rate. It was recommended to certify the pure line S148  using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate for cultivation at central of Iraq.
GENETIC PARAMETER IN MAIZE USING FULL DIALLEL CROSSES SOME
Authors: & et al. Wuhaib
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop .Dept., College of Agric/Univ.of Baghdad .It was included five Inbreds {ZM34(ZE),ZM60,ZM19,ZM49W3E and CDN5}.That were given number (1,2,3,4,5) .Inbreds were  tested for general and specific combining ability by using full dialle. Inbreds were planted in spring 2013 and at anthesis  crossing between inbreds all possibilities were carried out In fall season of 2013 ,varietal trail for crosses and parents were conducted using RCBD with four replications to evaluate crosses and parents and estimate some genetic parameters. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant differences   for all traits ,plant high, leaves no.  leaf  area index ,ear length ,no.of row/ear,no.of grain/row,ears weight and grain yield /plant .The genetic analysis show that inbred 3 was superior and gave high grain yield 100.66 gm because it gave high ears weight 170.25 gm, no.of grain /row 32.88grain and ear length 15.40 ,also it had positive GCA .The cross(1×4) was superior and gave high grain yield 124.57gm because it gave high ears weight 168.82,no.of grain /row 34.60 grain ,no.of rows/ear 15.40 and ear length 16.10cm.also it had positive hybrid vigor 163% .The reciprocal cross 4×3 was superior and gave highest yield 155.05 gm because it gave high ear weight 180.18 ,no.of grain /row 40.25 grain ,no.of rows/ear 15.25and ear length 18.95cm.also it had positive hybrid vigor for grain yield 54% and highest SCA 25.56 . The cytoplasmic inheritance was very clear for some crosses. The average degree of dominance more than one ,it referes to non additive gene effect controlled in most traits . It was revealed that some of inbreds were superior in GCA and SCA;Therefor it can be used in hybrid or synthetic production .most of the traits controlled by dominance gene effects so we recommended  using hybridization to improve it.
THE ROLE OF ELECTRIC SHOCK IN IMPROVEMENT OF SOME OKRA TRAITS AND TESTED UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION CONDITIONS
Authors: & Alwan Al-Karagholi
Published: June 2020

This experiment Carried out at the Dept. of Research and Studies– office of Horticulture- Ministry of Agriculture at Abu Ghraib, for two seasons in 2014 and 2015. The objective of the experiment  to stady the effect of electric shocks on some okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) traits  study. Six pure lines (S1 , S2, , S3 , S4 , S5 , S6) were attached  with four levels of electric shock (0, 9, 12 and 15 amp for 5 minutes) The 24 treatments were planted according to the RCBD with tow replicates to produce plants of the first generation  on which the selection is to get the seeds of the second generation. A factorial experiment within RCBD with three replicates, were used  in the plastic house. The results revealed that the electric current for the second season improved most of the traits vegetative and flowering  growth okra plants, The treatment S3A15 was superion  in traits, leaves number and flowers number  and pods  number and yield per plant, which were(117.10 leave and 122.60 Flower and 98.17 Pod and 519.87 g), while S4A15 treatment gave the highest plant height, days number of the appearance for first flower and days number for the first fruit setting, which were (175.13 cm and 87.66 days and 89 days). S1A15 treatment has given the highest value of fruit set percentage, which were 84.60, while S6A15 gave the highest pod weight 6.50 g, also S5A15 produced highest value of seeds number in pods (70 seed). S1A12 gave the highest leaves number before the first flower was 2.90 leave, Results revealed that the seed treatment with electric shock improved  some field traits in okra.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF COMBINING ABILITY AND GENE ACTION FOR DOUBLE CROSS HYBRIDS IN MAIZE USING RAWLINGS AND COCKERHAM METHOD
Authors: & et al. Al-Amery
Published: June 2020

Six inbred lines (Syn-1, MGW-3, S-165, Syn-22, Zm-9, M-17)  of maize (Zea mays L.) were used in this study using half diallel cross and developed 15 F1 single crosses . The single crosses were crossed a ccording to Rawllings and Cookerham method and developed 45 double crosses . Seeds of double crosses were cultivated to study combining ability and gene action of the parent. The results showed highly sinificant differences for mean square of double crosses and for the some  traits . The double crosses (Syn-1* ZM-9)(MGW-3 * M-17) , (Syn-1 * ZM-9)(S-165 * Syn-22) , (MGW-3 *M17)(S-165 *Syn-22) , (Syn-1 *S-165)(MGW-3*Syn-22) (Syn-1 *S-165)(ZM-9* M17) and (MGW-3 * Syn-22)(ZM-9 *M-17) revealed highest specific combining ability effects for leaf area , number grains.ear-1and grain yield gms.plant-1 . All characters were under the epistatic gene effect with type of gene action (Dominance * Dominance) except leaf area was under the type of gene action (Additive*Dominance).
ESTIMATING FUNCTION SUPPLY FOR RED MEAT IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD 1995-2013
Authors: & Al-Hani Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Red meat production is an essential and important in the amount of livestock production part and contribute to livestock about 22% of the value of agricultural production, except fish in Iraq over the medium term from 2013 to 2009,The red meat and meat products of are consider good foods with a high nutritional value because they contain vitamins, proteins, fats and minerals .So it requires such a study to estimate the function supply red meat to a statement most influential variables in the supply quantity of red meat during the period 1995-2013 It is clear from the results that the rise in red meat prices by 1% leads to increase the quantity supplied of red meat increased by 0.403%, while the increase of chicken meat prices by 1% leads to a decline in the quantity supplied of red meat increased by 0.327%, while increasing the number of animals by 1 % leads to increase the quantity supplied of red meat increased by 23.267%, while the increase of imported red meat quantity of 1% lead to a decline in the quantity supplied of red meat increased by 0.007 and through the price elasticity of supply became clear that the display of red meat is flexible and elastic modulus less than the one . Through flexibility Cross turned out to be chicken meat is the alternative to red meat. Finally, the study included a number of conclusions and recommendations of the most important: by measuring the consumption growth rate of 10% and the rate of production growth of 7% and it can be concluded that production covers a large part of consumption. The study recommended that there is a gap between the production and import recommenddirect loans to invest in the livestock sector.
EFFECT OF ZINC ELEMENT AND DEXAMETHASONE ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN RABBITS MALE
Authors: Dheyab D. S.
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc in dose 15mg/kg.bw daily  taken by the mouth and dexamethasone 4mgIkg.Bw by injection for 30days on some hematological biochemical tests and some histological changes of liver spleen in male rabbits. Thirty rabbits were used that divided into 3 randomized groups (each group contain 10 male rabbits ). Control group was taken normal food and water, Zinc group that gave zinc at dose of 15mg/kg.BW/daily/oral on 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. Dexamethasone with zinc group : Employ dexamethasone 4mg/Kg.Bw . I.M dialy for 1 and 2 weeks for experiment and at  3, 4th weeks they gave zn 15mg/lKg.Bw day/orally. Blood samples were taken from the heart directly in 2 and 4weeks to examine packed cell volume (pcv), white blood cells (WBCs), Red blood cells (RBCs) with differential Leuckcyte count.separation blood collection to plasma and examine glucose mg/dl , cholesterol mg/dl. In histological tests, rabbits were killed and separate their organs tissue from the body to examine liver and spleen. The results revealed  a decrease in level of RBCs, pcv after treatment with zinc 15, mg/Kg.Bw orally (zinc group) and increase in WBCs with differential leuckocyte count specially neutrophil cell, while biochemical tests show increase in glucose and cholesterol levels after treatment with dexamethasone 4mglkgBw. I/M seen increase in counts of RBCs , PCV, WBCs and differential lenkocyte count and decrease in glucose with cholesterol parameters, histological changes show change in liver after treatment by dexamethasone 4mglKg.Bw ,spleen tissue seen necrosis and pigmentation with hemorrhage after take dexamethasone 4mglkg in (dexamethasone + zinc group). Results also showed that zinc enhanced the immune system in at normal dose for limited time  because of its effect on other mineral such as copper and causes anemia , while the dexamethasone is a drug used for antianflammatory but for a short time.
EFFECT OF TILLERS REMOVAL AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON SOME GROWTH TRAITS OF TWO BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES
Authors: &  et al. Jaddoa
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of field Crop Dept.- Coll. of Agric.Univ. of Baghdad, during the winter season 2012– 2013 to investigate the effect of tillers removing on some growth traits under two nitrogen levels for two wheat varieties This experiment was carried out by using Randomized Complete Block Design with in  split– split plot arrangement with three replicats. IPA 99 and Abu– Ghraib 3 were assigned in main plots, nitrogen levels (100,200) kg.ha-1 occupied sub- plot, while tillers reamoving treatment (reamove the main stem, first tiller, second tiller, and third tiller) occupied the sub– sub plots. The results revealed, that IPA 99 and 200 kg.ha-1 were superior in all growth traits. The main stem removing increased significantly number of tillers, dry weight, crop growth rate and realativ growth rate, while first tiller reamoving increased plant hight, flag leaf area, chlorophell content and dry weight of flag leaf area 91.18 cm, 36.81 cm2 59.95 Mgm.cm-3 and 0.456 gm respectively in contrast with the main stem removing which gave 68.88 cm, 27.87 cm2, 47.81 Mgm.cm-3, and 0.266 gm respectively. It could be conclude that relationship between the main stem and tillers was competitive.
AL – NOOR NEW VARIETY OF POPCORN (Zea mays var evarta)
Authors: & et al. Mhmood
Published: June 2020

Breeding program was conducted to develop new variety of popcorn (Noor) adapted to Iraqi environment during 2008 -2012 at  Al- Latifya Research Station /Agric. Res. Directorate /  Minsof Sci& Technology. The aim of this program was to develop new popcorn variety more adapted to Iraqi environment with best traits and high yield and popping expansion. Introduction and hybridization methods applied during  at the first stage among local variety AL-Safa and Syrian variety (Halab) and American variety (AMR-2). The Mass selection at later stage for five cycles respectively for new population that produced from hybridization. In fall season 2012 an experiment was conducted to compare new variety (AL- Noor) with exotic and promise genotypes including its parents by using randomized complete block design(RCBD). The rustle showed significant differences at p˃ 0.05 p for all the studied  traits except number of leaves and leaf area index and number of ears row. The new variety AL-Noor revealed lowest days a tassling and silking days (60.19  and 62.94) and highest number of ears per plant(1.63), kernels row (42.93), and number of kernels/ plant and highest popping

expansion (987.50)ml. gm-1.
COMBINING ABILITY, HETEROSIS AND GENE ACTION USING (LINE × TESTER) ANALYSIS IN CORN
Authors: & et al. Abdul-Hamed
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the Field Crops Research Station of State Board of Agricultural Research at Abu Ghraib in spring 2015. Seven inbred lines of maize (IK8, ZP, W13R, H.S, IK58, ABS 5, ZP607) were used in this study, using Line x Tester analysis, to produced twenty F1 crosses. The parents and crosses were grown in fall season of 2015 using RCBD with three replicates to determine heterosis and general, specific combining ability effects and gene action. Significant differences were found among parental lines and their crosses for all the traits. The result were showed that the cross (IK8×  IK58) gave the highest hybrid vigor in grain yield (42.46%) and produced highest grain yield 214.7 gm.plant-1. The values of specific combining ability variance for all the traits revealed superior to the variance of general combining ability. The dominance genetic variance more important than additive variance, the narrow sense heritability for ear length very low (2.5%), white was highest (36.42%). The result indicate that some inbred lines could be used in a breeding program to develop new versions of high yield hybrids and most studied traits were under dominance and over dominance gene action.
AN ALYSIS OF ECONOMIC EFFICINCY AND OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF ECONOMIC RESOURCES IN ABU GHRAIB DAIRY FACTORY USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING IN 2015
Authors: & Ali Fahd
Published: June 2020

The resource allocation and planning is one of most important issues in the field of administration because of its importance role could be played in raising the factory performance and to create the conditions and means for the advancement of its reality so the goal of research is to reach mix of commodity through re-allocation of resources between the various production lines which is achieved with it maximum profit margin and this optimum plant was done through collection of data from dairy Abu Ghraib factory in 2015 and adopted win QSB program to find the optimal production plan it shows the reality of factory production that loses 1,755,486,044 dinars, and when we make the basic shows it is investigating profit increased by 1,046,003,000 dinars shows that there is a surplus in the work item (93%) by you make attempts on the basic plan emerged from three alternative plans the most important of the third alternative plan - b - achieved a profit by 28,090,890,000 dinar total profit for the basic plan exceeds by 27,004,887,000 dinars decreased surplus in the work item to 24%, and when you perform a sensitivity analysis to see changes show that in the case of high variable costs by 10% has been no change in the results of the basic plan, but profit dropped for profit basis the plan by 104.6 million dinars, while in the case of high variable costs by 10% with low prices by 10% has also been some of the activities excluded which caused a loss in the target and reduced the amount of production of the quantity cream in the base plan by 196.817 tons function as some productive activities that did not appear in the basic plan emerged was this plain achieved an increase in gross profit amounted to 438.656 million dinars for the base plan, but in the case of high product prices 10% did not any change on the result of the basic plain occurs because the change at the same rate for all products was the plan achieved an increase in profit exceeds the profit for the basic plan by 104.6 million dinars, it was concluded research that the factory does not follow the scientific metod in management and there are worse in the allocation of resources and a large waste the resources for such research recommend to adopt scientific method, especially linear programming method available in the factory resource planning application for optimum productivity plans that would lead to expand the plant to increase production and profits as well as lead to the optimal allocation of economic resource available.
RESPONSE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TRAITS TO ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION AND SOAKING OF DIETS CONTAINING CORN AND WHEAT OF THE LAYNING HENS
Authors: & et al. Al Rubaee
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted at Poultry Research Station Animal Resources Research Department–State Board of Agricultural Research/ Ministry of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib, which included two experiment to study the effect of enzyme  supplementing and soaking to the diets of the laying hens containing corn and wheat on productive performance.Three hundred Brown-egg hens (ISA Brown) 40 weeks of age were used in this experiment after preliminary period for two weeks. Layer hens distributed randomly to ten treatments with 2 replicates (15 hens per replicate); and fed on diets according to the age periods in ISA guide. Treatments were as follows: T1: Control group (100% corn).T2: 100% corn with soaking. T3: 100% corn with enzymes. T4:100% corn with soaking and enzymes. T5: 33% corn replacement wheat with soaking. T6: 33% corn replacement   wheat and with enzymes. T7: 33% corn replacement wheat with soaking and enzymes. T8: 66% corn replacement wheat with soaking. T9: 66% corn replacement wheat with enzymes. T10: 66% corn replacement wheat with soaking and enzymes. The results showed a significant increase  (P<0.05) in The levels of serum blood calcium for T10, and serum blood phosphorus in T8,T10 while the inorganic phosphorus in feces for all treatments was lower than  the control treatment. There are no significant differences between all treatments Calcium and Phosphorus in tibia bone. were lower than the control treatment in cholesterol levels in blood serum. No differences were noticed for crypts depth between all treatments, while   T3, T6, T7, T8 ,T9 ,T10 showed a significant decrease (P <0.05) for the length of villi. So it was concluded that Enzyme supplementation and soaking to the diets of the laying hens significantly increased blood serum characteristics and also minimize the feces P by enhancing phytic acid breaking. it also increased villi length in small intestine which lead to better food digestion and absorption
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON SOME SECONDARY METABOLIC COMPOUNDS PRODUCT OF CACTUS (ALOE VERA L.)
Authors: & Rabee Muneer
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out on the Cactus (Aloe vera L.) , which two year old was planted in one of the fields of College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The different organic fertilizers used in two (sewage, poultry manure and sheep manure) and the fertilizer used at two levels (5 and 7.5)% from the weight of the pot, and humic acid (Com Sol) at two levels (1.5 and 3) ml and chemical fertilizer NPK (2.5 gm) in addition to control treatment. The experiment carried out within RCBD at three replicates and four plants for each experimental unit. The results showed that the sewage treatment 7.5% significantly increased in concentration of Aloin, Aloe-emodin and Barbolin (175.6, 412.1 and 175.6 µg.gm-1 ) respectively. The treatment of NPK caused significantly increased compare with the other treatments and this treatment gives high percentage to nitrogen, phosphor and potassium which were 1.297%, 0.213% and 1.84% respectively, and also the NPK treatment gives high concentration for amino acid which were Glutamate, Lucien and Methionine  (93.44, 65.730 and 40.550) µg.gm-1 respectively.