bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administrative Review and the “Normative” Goal—Is Anybody Out There?
Authors: Fleming Gabriel
Published: January 2018

It is often claimed that, in addition to arriving at the “correct or preferable” decision in the individual case, a primary objective of an administrative review system is to have a “normative” influence on government decision-making. As the Federal government has made a commitment to the overhaul of the administrative review system, it is timely to question the significant normative achievements which have been claimed over the past two decades of codified administrative review rights in Australia.

The first part of this article outlines the theoretical and practical foundations of the normative goal and the changing influences upon it. It attempts to unpack the concept and consider some of its claims. Is it, for example, realistic in the context of the dynamics of government administration, to continue to claim the “normative effect” as a goal of administrative review? Is the administration responsive to review? Is there evidence of administrative law “values” in the culture and processes of the administration?
“It is Trite and Ancient Law”: The High Court and the Use of the Obvious
Authors: Haigh Richard
Published: January 2018

To be trite is to be worn out by constant use or repetition, or to be hackneyed or commonplace. The word “trite” is derived from the Latin word terere meaning essentially “to rub”. Thus, the word has physical associations, as if a trite remark actually erases its own origins because they are of no use anymore. Obviously the more used something is, the more trite it becomes, or so one would expect. There is even a built-in pejorative connotation, as to overuse a phrase, or resort to trite propositions can, in some cases, “rub” the listener the wrong way.

Since the very humble beginnings of the common law courts, judges have identified law that is trite. In the 15th century, Chief Justice Brian, in a case known only as T Pasch's case, said, in words that have since rung down the centuries:

Moreover…your having it in your own mind is nothing, for it is trite law that the thought of man is not triable, for even the devil does not know what the thought of man is.
The Role of Policy in the Development of Native Title
Authors: Selway Bradley
Published: January 2018

In a recent article Andrew Lokan has suggested that the courts are faced with political choices as they deal with native title. The purpose of this paper is to consider the history of the recognition of Aboriginal customary rights to land in Australia, assess the extent to which policy and political issues have thus far been relevant in those developments and then to consider the extent to which such policy and political issues may be relevant in the future. Possible limitations upon the policies that might be considered by the courts are discussed. The discussion also affords an opportunity to look back over the development of the law of native title and to review how and why we have come to where we now are.
Sexual Harassment and the Corporation in Australia and Japan: The Potential for Corporate Governance of Human Rights
Authors: Parker Christine , Wolff Leon
Published: January 2018

Corporations are undergoing a subtle transformation. Usually regarded as investment vehicles for shareholders, corporations are now assuming an additional identity–as entities which share responsibility for upholding human rights. This new identity does not sit comfortably with conventional wisdom on corporate governance. Traditional corporate governance theory, based on nineteenth century notions of trust, posits that ‘the company’ is a legal entity embodying the members from time to time. Directors, as trustees of corporate assets, owe duties to foster the interests of the shareholders by maximising their investments. Under this view, directors do not owe wider obligations to society.

This traditional understanding, however, is beginning to yield to more recent legal and social pressures. Legal developments in regulatory practice, in combination with an upsurge in social movement activism, is now forcing corporations to accept that they are more than mere economic entities. They are also private ‘governments’–social and political entities with the ability to exercise general powers over themselves and, more importantly, over others.
STRATEGI PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS VERSI GEORGE POLYA DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Umar Wahid
Published: January 2018

George Polya telah meletakan suatu warisan “pentingnya mengajar dengan pemecahan masalah”. Setiap masalah memiliki “sepuluh strategi” yang tepat dengan “empat” langkah pemecahan sesuai dengan aspek-aspek dan sudut pandangnya masing-masing di dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah matematis. Topik ini telah menjadi komponen utama dalam kurikulum matematika pada semua tingkatan pendidikan. NCTM dalam standards (1989) mempublikasikan ”The Curriculum and Evaluations Standards for School Mathematics”, yang menekankan bahwa pemecahan masalah harus menjadi fokus dalam kurikulum matematika di sekolah. Ini berarti bahwa pemecahan masalah merupakan salah satu topik yang sangat penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Tujuan mengajarkan matematika dengan pemecahan masalah adalah: (1) membantu guru memperbaiki keterampilan pemecahan masalah diri sendiri; (2) diberikan kepada guru untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah mereka; (3) untuk menyelidiki strategi umum pemecahan masalah; dan (4) bagaimana membuat kata “masalah” dan “pemecahan masalah” menantang dan menarik untuk siswa. Pentingnya para siswa mengalami proses pembelajaran matematika dengan pemecahan masalah matematis. Siswa perlu dipersiapkan dan didorong untuk berpikir bahwa sesuatu itu multi-dimensi sehingga mereka dapat melihat banyak kemungkinan penyelesaian untuk suatu masalah. Dengan demikian, pemecahan masalah matematis dalam pembelajaran matematika merupakan bagian integral dari semua aktivitas matematis. Fokus kajian makalah ini adalah bagaimana strategi pemecahan masalah matematis versi George Polya dan penerapannya dalam pembelajaran matematika.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SQ3R UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SISWA
Authors: Effendi Ramlan
Published: January 2018

Kemampuan literasi siswa masih sangat rendah. Data perpustakaan nasional menunjukkan rata-rata warga warga negara Indonesia membaca 0-1 buku pertahun. Usaha untuk meningkatkan minat baca harus digalakkan terutama disekolah. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan guru yaitu menerapkan model pembelajaran SQ3R yang terdiri dari Survey, Question, Read, Recite dan Review. Keunggulan model pembelajaran SQ3R adalah (1) dapat membuat siswa lebih percaya diri dalam memahami dan menyelesaikan soal-soal, (2) Membantu konsentrasi siswa, (3) Membantu memfokuskan perhatian siswa dan mengidentifikasi kesulitannya dalam mendapatkan jawaban, (4) Melatih memberikan jawaban dalam pertanyaan tentang materi, (5) Membantu mempersiapkan catatan dalam bentuk tanya jawab.
PENGARUH METODE DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA MATERI TRIGONOMETRI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN ADAPTIF SISWA SMA
Authors: Arifudin Muhamad , Wilujeng Hestu , Utomo Rukmono Budi
Published: January 2018

Kemampuan dalam bidang matematika dapat mengindikasi kemajuan suatu bangsa. Salah satu kemampuan dalam matematika adalah kemampuan penalaran adapatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap kemampuan penalaran adaptif siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Ruhul Bayan Cisauk, Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode quasi eksperimen dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design, yang melibatkan 65 siswa sebagai sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan pretest dan postest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran discovery learning berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan penalaran adaptif siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat uji t postest thitung > ttabel (2,533 > 1,99). Serta peningkatan kemampuan penalaran adaptif siswa melalui metode pembelajaran discovery learning lebih baik dari pada menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional melalui perhitungan N-Gain Skor.
ASOSIASI ANTARA KEMAMPUAN GEOMETRI SPASIAL DENGAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Siswanto Rizki Dwi
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah asosiasi antara kemampuan geometri spasial dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis. Populasinya adalah siswa kelas VIII di salah satu SMPN di Jakarta dan sampelnya dipilih dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat asosiasi antara kemampuan geometri spasial dan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL MATEMATIKA BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBANTUAN FLIPBOOK MAKER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA PADA MATERI SEGITIGA
Authors: Haryanti Fhina , Saputro Bagus Ardi
Published: January 2018

Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) mengembangkan bahan ajar berupa modul matematika berbasis discovery learning berbantuan flipbook maker yang valid untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi segitiga, (2) Menghasilkan modul matematika berbasis discovery learning berbantuan flipbook maker yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi segitiga. Penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model ADDIE dengan tahap Analysis (Analisis), Desain (Perancangan), Development (Pengembangan), Implementation (Implementasi) dan Evaluation (Evaluasi). Pada penelitian eksperimen populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Mlonggo yang terdiri dari delapan kelas. Dengan teknik “Cluster Random Sampling” didapatkan Kelas VII D sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII E sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil validasi ahli rata-rata kelayakan materi sangat baik yaitu 82,03% dan validasi ahli media sangat baik yaitu 81,25%. Angket tanggapan siswa 83,92% yang berkriteria sangan baik. Jadi bahan ajar yang dikembangkan valid untuk diimplementasikan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan thitung> ttabel yaitu 3.050 >1,67 maka hipotesis H0 ditolak, jadi rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan modul matematika berbasis Discovery Learning berbatuan Flipbook Maker pada materi segitiga lebih baik daripada rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang tidak menggunakan modul matematika berbasis Discovery Learning berbantuan Flipbook Maker pada materi segitiga. Sehingga modul tersebut efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi segitiga.
PEMETAAN KEMAMPUAN PEMBUKTIAN MATEMATIS SEBAGAI PRASYARAT MATA KULIAH ANALISIS REAL MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Perbowo Krisna Satrio , Pradipta Trisna Roy
Published: January 2018

Masalah tentang kemampuan pembuktian matematis telah banyak dikaji oleh para ahli pendidikan matematika baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Studi pendahuluan ini untuk memetakan kemampuan pembuktian matematis mahasiswa yang sangat berperan penting dalam mempelajari mata kuliah Analisis Riil dan menganalisis learning obstacle yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang lebih menekankan pada kajian interpretative namun dalam hal tertentu akan disajikan secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui tes diagnostik terkait pembuktian matematik bentuk langsung, contrapositive, tidak langsung/ kontradiksi, dan counterexample. Subjek penelitian ini merupakan mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah Analisis Riil yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kebanyakan mahasiswa tidak ingat tentang bentuk-bentuk pembuktian; (2) mahasiswa tidak mampu membuat pembuktian matematika bentuk kontrapositif dan kontradiksi; dan (3) dominan mahasiswa tidak mampu mengaplikasikan pembuktian bentuk counterexample. Salah satu faktor penyebab rendahnya kemampuan pembuktian matematis mahasiswa tersebut menurut hasil wawancara dengan mahasiswa, bahwa mereka lupa dan belum terbiasa dalam membuat pembuktian matematika dan belum banyak memahami tentang pembuktian matematika.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN DAN SCAFFOLDING DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL
Authors: Sulistyorini Yunis
Published: January 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan hasil analisis kesalahan dan scaffolding yang diterapkan dalam memperbaiki kesalahan matematika mahasiswa ketika menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subyek penelitian adalah mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Matematika IKIP Budi Utomo Malang yang menempuh matakuliah Persamaan Diferensial. Hasil analisis kesalahan menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan yang muncul dalam menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial adalah kesalahan konseptual, prosedural dan faktual. Secara umum, penyebab kesalahan adalah karena mahasiswa tidak mengoptimalkan pengetahuan awal yang sudah dimiliki terkait konsep turunan dan integral dan mahasiswa belum sepenuhnya memahami konsep dan prosedur dalam penyelesaian persamaan diferensial. Selain itu, mahasiswa juga sering menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial dengan hanya melihat dan meniru contoh yang sudah diberikan. Perbaikan kesalahan dilakukan melalui penerapan scaffolding yang merupakan variasi dari pemberian petunjuk, handout dan penjelasan pada mahasiswa. Variasi penerapan scaffolding juga didampingi dengan pemberian umpan balik dan motivasi terhadap mahasiswa. Variasi penerapan scaffolding ditujukan agar mengoptimalkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial. Mahasiswa juga lebih mandiri dan terlibat aktif dalam pembelajaran. Jadi, selain mampu memperbaiki kesalahannya mahasiswa juga memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam terkait penyelesaian persamaan diferensial sekaligus meningkatkan sikap dan performanya dalam pembelajaran.
PERBANDINGAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA ANTARA DISCOVERY LEARNING DAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Herdiana Yunita
Published: January 2018

This research is aimed to investigate the students’ problem-solving competency after learn by using discovery learning model and students’ problem-solving ability after learn by using problem-based learning model. Therefore, this research is aimed to investigate differences problem-solving ability of mathematics between students who get discovery learning model and problem-based learning model. The population used in this research was a student in grade VII in one of junior high school in West Bandung Regency. The sample was student class VII B for the first experiment class and VII C for the second experiment class with 35 students in every class. The method in this research was a quasi experiment by using two group post-test only design. The instrument in this research is post-test about problem-solving of mathematics. Based on the research, it can be concluded that there is a difference between the mathematical problem-solving competency of students who get discovery learning model and problem-based learning model. Nevertheless, the qualification of problem-solving competency between of students who gets discovery learning model and problem-based learning model, are including the medium category
ANALYSING TERTIARIZATION AS A STRUCTURAL ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTIC OF ESTABLISHING POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY AREAS
Authors: ПЕРЕПЁЛКИНА Елена , PEREPELKINA Elena , ПЕРЕПЁЛКИН Вячеслав , PEREPELKIN Vyacheslav
Published: January 2018

The article examines conceptually and empirically tertiarisation as structural and economic characteristics of the transformation of modern society into a post-industrial. The authors substantiate the need for consistent fullfledged passage of the national socio-economic system of stages of civilizational development, based on which the author's definition of tertiaryization is given. A comparative cross-country quantitative analysis of the service sector in national economies makes it possible of strengthening the structural shift in favor of this sector in the economies of a group of countries with an average income level. High income level of the population is but one of the conditions for the existence of a developed service sector, as is confirmed by the example of a number of oil exporting countries. Along with poverty, the reason for the slow expansion of the service sector in the underdeveloped countries is their insufficient technological development. Russia lagged behind the global average level in the share of tertiary sector as well as in the rates of its growth. On the one hand, this is an evidence of the growth potential of the whole economy created by tertiarization, while, on the other hand, it speaks for a necessity of ensuring a higher quality of this growth.

Problems of service sector’s growth structure are becoming more relevant in the current circumstances. An increase in the quality together with the one in the rates of growth might be attained on the basis of an outpacing expansion of the share of services and progressive dynamics of labor productivity in the process of services creation. At the same time, this requires a large stock of human capital in the country, which substantiates a conclusion about presence of tertiarization in its true sense only in economically developed countries. A negative attitude towards tertiarization in less developed countries may be explained by the dominance of traditional services in the tertiary sector of their economies that have greatly lost a capacity for accelerating the overall economic growth by now. Consequently, countries, in which an extended reproduction of human capital is implemented according to the needs for modernization of the industrial apparatus in the economy, benefit from tertiarization in the first place.
THE NEWEST TERMS IN TOURISM VOCABULARY: UNDERSTANDING AND INTERPRETATION
Authors: ДОРОФЕЕВА Анна , DOROFEEVA Anna , ДОРОФЕЕВ Александр , DOROFEEV Alexander
Published: January 2018

Sphere of tourism terms has been growing rapidly for the last decades. The article analyses the newest vocabulary of domestic tourism appeared after 2000. The source of information is modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by E. N. Shagalova as well as Russian electronic library “eLibrary”. The authors have selected 135 words from the dictionary as tourism terms, and divide them into 5 categories depending on meaning. The article reveals etymology of many terms and comments on their Russian language meaning. All selected words and categories are shown in the table. Quantitative ratio between these groups is illustrated by the diagram. All new terms are borrowed from different languages. Once again it is proved obvious domination of English words in the borrowed vocabulary which account for more than 92 %. The authors focus attention on a few terms which are not included in the dictionary but they have appeared in the tourism vocabulary for the last 3-4 years: stakeholder and storytelling. The article names the scientists who were among the first who have applied new words in publications on tourism. The authors propose route “Green belt of Donbas’s” having a high potential forecological tourism development in urbanized areas.
Constructs in Survey-Based Management Accounting and Control Research: An Inventory from 1996 to 2015
Authors: Bedford David S. , Speklé Roland F.
Published: January 2018

This article presents an inventory of constructs measured in survey-based management accounting and control (MAC) research from 1996 to 2015. The inventory is intended to serve as a reference source for researchers to identify prior operationalizations of constructs of interest.
Effects of Preceding Ethanol Intake on Glucose Response to Low-Dose Glucagon in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study
Authors: Ranjan Ajenthen , Nørgaard Kirsten , Tetzschner Rikke , Steineck Isabelle Isa Kristin , Clausen Trine Ryberg , Holst Jens Juul , Madsbad Sten , Schmidt Signe
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated whether preceding ethanol intake impairs glucose response to low-dose glucagon in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study in 12 insulin pump–treated individuals (median [interquartile range] age, 37 [31–51] years; HbA1c, 57 [51–59] mmol/mol or 7.3% [6.8–7.5]; and BMI, 23.9 [22–25] kg/m2). During two overnight study visits, a 6 p.m. dinner (1 g carbohydrates/kg) was served with diet drink (placebo) or diet drink and ethanol (0.8 g/kg). After 8–9 h, ethanol was estimated to be metabolized, and a subcutaneous (s.c.) insulin bolus was given to induce mild hypoglycemia. When plasma glucose (PG) was ≤3.9 mmol/L, 100 µg glucagon was given s.c., followed by another s.c. 100 µg glucagon 2 h later. Primary end point was incremental peak PG induced by the first glucagon bolus.

RESULTS

Ethanol was undetectable before insulin administration at both visits. The insulin doses (mean ± SEM: 2.5 ± 0.4 vs. 2.7 ± 0.4 IU) to induce hypoglycemia (3.7 ± 0.1 vs. 3.9 ± 0.1 mmol/L) did not differ and caused similar insulin levels (28.3 ± 4.6 vs. 26.1 ± 4.0 mU/L) before glucagon administration on ethanol and placebo visits (all, P > 0.05). The first glucagon bolus tended to cause lower incremental peak PG (2.0 ± 0.5 vs. 2.9 ± 0.3 mmol/L, P = 0.06), lower incremental area under the curve (87 ± 40 vs. 191 ± 37 mmol/L × min, P = 0.08), and lower 2-h PG level (3.6 ± 1.0 vs. 4.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = 0.05) after ethanol compared with placebo. The second glucagon bolus had similar responses between visits, but PG remained 1.8 ± 0.7 mmol/L lower after ethanol compared with placebo.

CONCLUSIONS

The ability of low-dose glucagon to treat mild hypoglycemia persisted with preceding ethanol intake, although it tended to be attenuated.
Patrimônio cultural, memória e museu: a geografia dos museus temáticos no espaço urbano de Gramado (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil)
Authors: Berti Franciele , Gevehr Daniel Luciano
Published: January 2018

Discute-se a relação entre a utilização do patrimônio cultural, por meio da musealização, que está ocorrendo no espaço urbano de Gramado (RS) e como este processo de difusão de museus na cidade está servindo de vetor do desenvolvimento local. Para tanto, adotou-se como técnica de coleta de dados a análise documental, explorando-se o Guia dos Museus Brasileiros (2011); a Relação de Econômicos em atividade na categoria Atividades de museus e de exploração de lugares e prédios históricos e atrações similares, disponibilizada pela Prefeitura Municipal de Gramado (2016); material promocional impresso e virtual das instituições e o Guia Oficial de Localização Gramado. Percebe-se que os museus representam atrativos turísticos e, que dada a sua proliferação, o espaço urbano está constituído de uma rede de lugares que apresentam ambiências temáticas, na qual a noção de patrimônio cultural é transformada em produto turístico da cidade.
Trabalho religioso e mercado religioso no meio pentecostal
Authors: Santos James Washington Alves dos
Published: January 2018

Este artigo propõe estudar os conceitos de trabalho e mercado religiosos no meio pentecostal (Assembleia de Deus) e sua aplicação em relação ao contexto da cidade de Palmeira dos Índios, em Alagoas. Neste sentido, foi feita uma articulação que envolve produção simbólica, desigualdade social e relações sociais, a fim de fundamentar esta forma de trabalho enquanto poder de consagração dado aos agentes religiosos, possibilitando a eles o monopólio do serviço que prestam. A contribuição de um projeto como este para o entendimento dos mecanismos que circulam as relações humanas é algo contundente, visto que o monopólio da produção de bens religiosos é uma forma estratégica de dominação, que tem fundamento na separação arbitrária entre produtores e consumidores de simbologia religiosa. Assim, fazemos menção ao contexto político-religioso em Alagoas, definindo o que vem a ser o trabalho e o mercado religiosos, os agentes envolvidos, as relações de aliança e conflito entorno desta questão e a importância do fenômeno religioso na atualidade. É importante ressaltar que o problema de pesquisa que temos é a defesa da autonomia da religião, visando romper com a dicotomia entre idealismo e materialismo na religião. Isso possibilita em nossa opinião, ver a religião como espaço onde ocorre a crença pessoal no transcendente e ao mesmo tempo a presença da desigualdade social em sua própria estrutura.Palavras-Chave: trabalho, mercado, religião..
A América Latina no Cinema: identidades em movimento
Authors: Barros Sulivan Charles
Published: January 2018

O cinema fala sobre o que sabemos e o que não sabemos ainda e também sobre o que não imaginávamos que pudesse existir: um universo de possibilidades e de percursos a serem decodificados. Ele cristaliza o mundo ao representá-lo, mas ao mesmo tempo, recria-o, inventando outro mundo. Por sua natureza reflexiva, ele é capaz de exibir a realidade social de seu tempo e de um dado momento histórico, agindo, assim, como instrumento de reflexão sobre o qual vão se inscrevendo as imagens e as narrativas de uma época. Devido à multiplicidade de olhares que podem ser dirigidos a um filme, e à influência que um filme pode ter em seu público, o cinema vem a constituir um campo de construção identitária muito particular. Este campo emerge como depositário de nossas indagações: quem somos nós? O que mostramos de nós? Como nos vemos? Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a partir da produção cinematográfica latino-americana mais recente a construção de novas representações sobre a América Latina e os latino-americanos.
Gestão Ambiental Empresarial: Estudo de Caso da Ferramenta de Teste de Estresse por Sequência
Authors: Mesquita Isabella , Brito Cícero Antônio Mesquita da Silva , Guerra Isabel Cristina Vilela
Published: January 2018

A consciência ambiental é uma tarefa precípua da sociedade humana. É imperativo aplicar uma abordagem multidisciplinar e atuar em todas as instâncias, público e privado, para desenvolver soluções sustentáveis. Nesta seara, o artigo busca estudar a gestão ambiental inserida na trajetória empresarial, tendo em vista que exerce influência nos resultados e na concorrência corporativa. Com relação às ferramentas de gestão ambiental, deu-se atenção à ferramenta de Teste de Estresse por Sequência, que foi criada com o objetivo de avaliar os eventuais riscos da seca.
A força do cinema para a massificação ou para a promoção da diversidade cultural
Authors: Oderich Cecília Leão , Baldi Mariana
Published: January 2018

A imagem influencia a compreensão, o conhecimento, a formação ideológica de indivíduos e grupos. Este trabalho apresenta um ensaio que analisa a força do cinema como arte que pode tanto legitimar padrões em processos de apropriação, padronização e massificação cultural, quanto pode se constituir como um espaço de inclusão, de crítica, de diversidade cultural e diálogo intercultural. São apresentados exemplos de filmes e os desafios dos cinemas nacionais e do cinema independente quando buscam além da hegemonia do visual. A perspectivação sobre diferentes temas, desde questões étnicas, da obesidade, do colonialismo, da escolarização, da “deformidade”, por exemplo, pode ocorrer a partir do cinema de massa ou do cinema independente. A pesquisa sobre cinema pode ajudar na crítica anticolonizadora, no diálogo intercultural e na ampliação da tomada de consciência sobre a importância da arte e do cinema nas forças que conjuminam em modelos e padrões para uma suposta normalidade ou sucesso, na busca por relações menos estereotipadas.
Chuí, uma extensão do Oriente Médio na América Latina: A migração Palestina e a contribuição da cultura árabe na Fronteira Meridional do Brasil
Authors: Alexandrino Santos Junior Luciano , Silva Cardozo José Carlos
Published: January 2018

O estudo analisa o cenário contemporâneo multicultural no extremo sul do Brasil nas cidades gêmeas Chuí-Chuy (Brasil- Uruguay) com ênfase na cultura árabe decorrente dos fluxos migratórios. Visa-se apresentar a relevância da cultura árabe e seus papéis sociais na cooperação local e formação de políticas de aperfeiçoamento dos serviços básicos da população. O trabalho parte do ápice dos conflitos étnicos, religiosos e territoriais entre os países do Oriente Próximo, na década de 1970, enfocando os palestinos, em disputas territoriais com o estado de Israel. Tal como elucida um provérbio árabe de que o exílio com riqueza é uma pátria e uma pátria com pobreza é um exílio, muitos indivíduos e famílias fugiram dos conflitos e buscaram construir uma nova vida na América Latina e encontraram nas regiões de fronteira o ambiente para trabalharem e manifestarem sua cultura e religião de maneira prospera. Conclui-se que a cultura árabe na região estudada se tornou uma importante ferramenta de desenvolvimento social, bem como estimula a ação coordenada entre comerciantes, cidadãos e grupos da sociedade civil, modificando a ideia de fronteira como fator de separação para a de um ambiente de integração.
Estructura y regeneración natural de Peltogyne mexicana en el Parque Nacional el Veladero, Acapulco, Guerrero / Structure and natural regeneration of Peltogyne mexicana in the Veladero Nacional Park, Acapulco, Guerrero
Authors: Juárez-Agis Alejandro , García Sánchez Silberio , Ortiz Carbajal Xochitl , Zeferino Torres Jacqueline
Published: January 2018

Peltogyne mexicana es una especie arbórea endémica de Guerrero, la cual se encuentra amenazada por la deforestación y tala clandestina. Dicho esto, la finalidad es conocer la estructura de la población forestal y los procesos ecológicos que ocurren en la población. Se efectuó un muestreo dirigido dentro de dos condiciones ecológicas en el Polígono Oriente del Parque Nacional el Veladero (A y B), cuyas diferencias son: altura, exposición, pendiente, rocosidad y cobertura, en cada condición ecológica se colocaron cuatro unidades de muestreo, se utilizó la técnica de muestreo lineal para análisis de la regeneración natural, cada cuadrante tiene una superficie total de 400 m2 para fustales (individuos con DAP >= 10cm), subdividido en dos cuadrantes, el cuadrante de 10 x 10 m para latizales (plantas con DAP >2cm y <10cm, con altura >1.5m) y el cuadrante de 5 x 5m para brinzales (plántulas con altura menor a 1.5m); para analizar la estructura, se seleccionaron individuos mayores a 1.5 m.No observándose diferencias significativas entre condiciones para las variables altura y diámetro, sin embargo, se observó que los valores más altos son para la condición A. La clase diamétrica dominante es de 0 a 25 cm para ambas condiciones ecológicas. Cerca del 70 % de la población corresponde a clases juveniles (brinzales y latizales), así la mayoría de individuos permanecen en estratos inferiores posteriormente convirtiéndose en individuos ecológicamente muertos. Con esto, la permanencia de Peltogyne mexicana está en riesgo, ya que la fuerte relación con las condiciones ambientales donde se desarrolla, la alta tasa de mortandad en categorías juveniles y presiones antropogénicas amenazan su permanencia.
AsyncMonitor: una herramienta web para apoyar la enseñanza de la comunicación asíncrona en cursos de sistemas distribuidos / AsyncMonitor: A web tool to support teaching of asynchronous communication in distributed systems courses
Authors: Jaimez-González Carlos R.
Published: January 2018

La comunicación asíncrona en aplicaciones cliente-servidor es muy útil para ejecutar en un servidor procesos que toman una cantidad considerable de tiempo, evitando que el cliente sea bloqueado en espera de que el proceso finalice su ejecución. Dada la importancia de la comunicación asíncrona en las aplicaciones distribuidas, en este artículo se presenta AsyncMonitor, una herramienta web que permite monitorear invocaciones de métodos asíncronos en el framework Web Objects in XML (WOX) y que, al mismo tiempo, apoya la enseñanza de los conceptos de la comunicación asíncrona en cursos de sistemas distribuidos.AsyncMonitor permite al alumno visualizar gráficamente una cola de procesos con sus respectivos estatus (pendiente, activo y completado), además de visualizar la representación de los objetos que son el resultado de la ejecución de los métodos asíncronos. En el artículo también se describe la implementación de la comunicación asíncrona en WOX, la cual utiliza los mecanismos de sondeo y transmisión, con lo cual es posible que una aplicación ejecute no solo métodos síncronos sobre objetos remotos, sino también asíncronos.Se presentan las pruebas que se realizaron con el objetivo verificar la funcionalidad de AsyncMonitor para diferentes tareas: recibir solicitudes de invocaciones de métodos asíncronos; la correcta ejecución de los métodos con sus estatus correspondientes; la visualización de los objetos resultantes, así como la funcionalidad de los mecanismos de comunicación asíncrona de sondeo y transmisión. Las pruebas contemplan 20 escenarios: 10 utilizando el mecanismo de comunicación asíncrona de sondeo y 10 utilizando la técnica de transmisión. En cada escenario se mantuvo disponible un servidor WOX y cinco computadoras cliente, las cuales enviaron un número aleatorio de solicitudes de invocaciones de métodos asíncronos al servidor WOX. Los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas realizadas son alentadores, ya que 100% de las solicitudes enviadas por las computadoras cliente al servidor WOX fueron encoladas en la cola de métodos, lo cual significa que el mecanismo para recepción de solicitudes y encolamiento funciona correctamente. Con respecto a los métodos que fueron encolados, 85% de ellos terminaron su ejecución; cambiaron adecuadamente su estatus y fue posible visualizar el resultado de su ejecución en el navegador web.
ON FRIENDSHIP – CICERO VS. JOHN OF SALISBURY
Authors: FILIP Oana-Corina
Published: January 2018

On Friendship – Cicero vs. John of Salisbury. On the topic of friendship, a clear filiation can be traced between Cicero and John of Salisbury. However, it is not a mere quotation, but an organic evolution of thought. For both philosophers, friendship appears as supporting social and political relations, thus making the existence of the commonwealth possible. Their views on the different characteristics of friendship are at the same time both shared and different, thus tracing a development of the concept.
ART AND ITS REFLECTIONS MOMENTS AND PORTRETS IN THE MIRROR
Authors: ARIEȘAN Ramona Nicoleta
Published: January 2018

Art and Its Reflections. Moments and Portrets in the Mirror. This article is supposed to discuss the fact that art is a form of communication, that through it we are interconnected, that it is something mesmerizing that can be either very easy or very hard to understand. It all comes down to our perceptions, our perspectives that can change the way we see reality. It only takes a moment for the unthinkable to become reality. We all live a strange life in a strange world, but did our little experience and existence across the world and the universe teach us something? Or was it just in vain?
MEDIA. MEDIALITY. IMAGE – MEDIA-PHILOSOPHICAL INVESTIGATION IN THE IMAGE-RESEARCH
Authors: FÁM Erika
Published: January 2018

Media. Mediality. Image. Media-Philosophical Investigation in the Image-Research. The concept of the media has been redefined many times; the medial interpretation of postmediality is only a critique of existing media-approaches and actuality. The concept of media is hardly going to disappear, its use has become increasingly popular, and the range of interpretation has become wider, the Media Studies brings together more and more sciences; it is not a limit science, but a cumulative science. In W. J.T. Mitchell’s approach, the media is more than a medium, the media is a relation, there is no pure media, and all media are mixed. Breaking down the idea of the mixed media, we could make parallels/contrasts between the concept of total mediality and the concept of postmediality. Postmediality sees a way in the passing by overtaking of the concept of media (Manovich) in aesthetics, visual theory, art theory, media theory, but perhaps most of all the media concept should be sought as it is, just a different type of media use which has become commonplace in the digital-galaxy. Totalmediality is trying to point out the use of new media, and beyond this to the open media borders, overlappings, while the media is not just carrier material but also form. The study treats totalmediality as theoretical possibility for overcoming postmediality in Mitchell’s interpretation of media and emphasizing the dominance of visuality in the media-applications.
Zwinglian–Calvinist Debate on Church Discipline in the Pays de Vaud
Authors: LÁNYI Gábor János
Published: January 2018

The article discusses a theological debate on church discipline between Calvinist pastors living in the French speaking territory of Pays de Vaud and the Zwinglian City-state of Berne from the mid-1530s to 1560. From 1536 Pays de Vaud belonged to the Bernese protestant administration but consisted primarily of French refugee pastors allegiant to Calvin and his ideas. They Calvinists of Pays de Vaud questioned the civil magistrate’s right to interfere into church affairs especially into the practice of church discipline, such as exclusion from the Lord’s Supper and ex-communication from the congregation. According to the Zwinglian establishment of Berne the right for exclusion and excommunication belonged to the civil magistrates. In the Calvinists’ view the appropriate administrator of the exclusion and ex-communication was the Genevian-type consistory, consisting of both clerical and civilian elected members.
Noteworthy significance can be attributed to the events in the Pays de Vaud. On the one hand, banished from Bernese territory most of the Calvinist pastors of Vaud were sent to reinforce the French underground evangelical movement. The Calvinists’ failure in the Pays de Vaud turned Calvin’s attention to France by which the Calvinism became a world phenomenon.
On the other hand, from this struggle emerged a theological justification for the state’s supremacy over church affairs, namely by Wolfgang Musculus’ De Magistratibus. Interestingly, this justification played a more important role in later times than in the actual controversy: Thomas Erastus, the builder of the territorial state–church of the Palatinate, John Withgift, the archbishop of Canterbury and the protector of Tudor-Absolutism against the Puritans, and the Dutch Remonstrants all were influenced by the teaching of Musculus.
The goal of this paper is to present how the two controversial sides regulated its church affairs and, in addition, to show the highpoint of the debate between Calvin’s Vaudois adherers and the Bernese Magistrate for the government of the church, especially for the right of excommunication.
The Main Needs of the Christian Family in the Contemporary Western Society
Authors: GOVOR Marius Vasile
Published: January 2018

The current article aims to draw our attention to the fact that the Christian modern family from western countries is experiencing turning points, and these events bring their consequences not on the family only, but on the society as well. Family and society influence reciprocally, and within the current social and political framework, family has the power to do something to get rid of this crisis in which it has entered since the confusion between the symptoms of its decay and its authentic needs. Therefore, the power hunger, strong desire for welfare, redefinition of the family concept, child protection services and other similar issues represent the grievous side of the contemporary society and prove once again that the real needs of the family are from the spiritual zone among the most important ones are: faith in God, obeying and fulfilling the Bible, being involved in a local church’s life, understanding the marriage covenant, spiritual guidance, prayer and genuine worship before God. As soon as the family has a clear understanding of its real needs, it will be able to find fulfillment and happiness it deserves and dreams of, and society will be revitalized and consolidated by these families.
Über das Altern und das Alter. Versuch einer Orientierung für die Seelsorge
Authors: HÉZSER Gábor
Published: January 2018

About elders and old-age. Attempt of Orientation for the Pastoral Counseling.
In the introduction the study presents the biological, physical, medical and psycho-logical aspects of old age. It also focuses on the religious and philosophical changes. Among the psychological particularities of gerontology it presents the competencies, which are the “privileges” of old age and the process of getting old: wisdom, social and financial freedom, human relationships, experience. It emphasizes that the process of getting old differs from men to women, enumerates the characteristics of the two genders, highlighting the differences. A few examples of different types of attitude towards the changing feelings about life: loneliness, solitude, grief, pain, feeling of being dependent and vulnerable. Old people change their attitude towards religion, spirituality, it gets deeper, as the spiritual experience of “belonging to God”.
EDUARD DANIELYAN
Authors: HOVHANNISYAN Hasmik
Published: January 2018

On the 25th of July, 2017, the talented scientist, researcher of the Institute of History of NAS RA, Head of the Ancient History Department, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Pro­fessor, Full Member of the Armenian Philoso­phical Academy Eduard Danielyan, who was always standing close to philosophy, the manifestation of which is the circumstance, that he actively worked in the editorial team of WISDOM starting form the first days of the journal’s foundation, passed away.

Eduard Danielyan was a wonderful col­league, devoted Armenologist and, as he said, remained faithful to the Armenological School of Armenian History by Khorenatsi.
Evaluation of self-injurious behavior, food intake, fecal output, and thermal withdrawal latencies after injection of a high-concentration buprenorphine formulation in rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Allen Molly , Nietlisbach Nicole , Johnson Rebecca A.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of high-concentration buprenorphine (HCB) on self-injurious behavior, food intake, fecal output, and thermal withdrawal latencies in healthy rats.

ANIMALS 8 Sprague-Dawley rats.

PROCEDURES Rats received 4 SC treatments (HCB at 0.075, 0.15, or 0.30 mg/kg [HCB0.075, HCB0.15, and HCB0.30, respectively] or 5% dextrose solution [0.20 mL/kg]) in a randomized, crossover-design study. Self-injurious behavior was assessed for 8 hours after injection. Food intake and fecal output were assessed for predetermined periods before and after treatment and separated into 12-hour light and dark periods for further analysis. Withdrawal latencies were assessed before (time 0) and at predetermined times after injection. Data were compared among treatments and time points.

RESULTS Self-injurious behavior was observed up to 8 hours after injection for all HCB, but not dextrose, treatments. Preinjection food intake and fecal output amounts were similar among groups and higher during the dark period than during the light period. Food intake after all HCB treatments was higher during the light period and lower during the dark period, compared with preinjection results for the same treatments and with postinjection results for dextrose administration. Light-period fecal output was lower after HCB0.15 and HCB0.30 administration, compared with preinjection values for the same treatments and postinjection values for dextrose administration. Percentage change in withdrawal latency was significantly higher than that at time 0 (ie, 0%) for only 1 treatment (HCB0.30) at 1 time point (1 hour after injection).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although HCB0.30 produced a degree of thermal hypoalgesia in healthy rats, self-injurious behavior and alterations in food intake and fecal output were detected, potentially affecting clinical utility of the treatment.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of olfactory bulb angle and soft palate dimensions in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs
Authors: Barker David A. , Rubiños Carlos , Taeymans Olivier , Demetriou Jackie L.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine from MRI measurements whether soft palate length (SPL) and thickness are correlated in dogs, evaluate the association between the olfactory bulb angle (OBA) and degree of brachycephalia, and determine the correlation between soft palate–epiglottis overlap and OBA in dogs.

ANIMALS 50 brachycephalic and 50 nonbrachycephalic client-owned dogs without abnormalities of the head.

PROCEDURES Medical records and archived midsagittal T2-weighted MRI images of brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs' heads were reviewed. Group assignment was based on breed. Data collected included weight, SPL and thickness, OBA, and the distance between the caudal extremity of the soft palate and the basihyoid. Soft palate length and thickness were adjusted on the basis of body weight.

RESULTS Brachycephalic dogs had significantly thicker soft palates and lower OBAs, compared with findings for nonbrachycephalic dogs. There was a significant negative correlation (r2 = 0.45) between OBA and soft palate thickness. The correlation between SPL and OBA was less profound (r2 = 0.09). The distance between the caudal extremity of the soft palate and the basihyoid was shorter in brachycephalic dogs than in nonbrachycephalic dogs. The percentage of epiglottis–soft palate overlap significantly decreased with increasing OBA (r2 = 0.31).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that MRI images can be consistently used to assess anatomic landmarks for measurement of SPL and thickness, OBA, and soft palate-to-epiglottis distance in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs. The percentage of epiglottis–soft palate overlap was significantly greater in brachycephalic dogs and was correlated to the degree of brachycephalia.
Technological Progress, Globalization, and Secular Stagnation
Authors: Popović Milenko
Published: January 2018

After the 2008 crisis, despite economic recovery that started in 2009, the world economy has experienced a downward shift of its growth path and a consequent decline. As shown at the beginning of this paper, this shift and growth rate stagnation are totally attributable to the economic dynamics in developed economies, the USA and the EU. Explanations of this phenomenon can be divided into two large groups: explanations that belong to the demand side and those that belong to the supply side. The aim of this paper is to give a critical survey of the most important explanations for the ongoing growth stagnation in developed countries and consequently in the entire world economy. This ongoing prolonged stagnation can only be explained by looking at both, the demand and supply sides of the explanation, and particularly by taking a closer look at the interaction between aggregate demand and aggregate supply. In other words, secular stagnation manifests itself as a problem of the limitation of long run growth of aggregate demand. However, in order to explain the causes of those demand limitations, we have to undertake a careful analysis of the supply side dynamics, especially the dynamics of innovations, which bring us to circular and cumulative causation. In order to explain the numerous consequences of this stagnation and to solve some important puzzles, like the productivity paradox for example, a special emphasis is given to the analysis of deindustrialization and the consequent strange reoccurrence of a dual economy within most developed countries during the period of the IT revolution and hyper-globalization. It will also be shown that this new dual economy presents serious limitations for further technological advancement and economic development, quite contrary to the old dualism which contributed to an acceleration of economic growth.