bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Atypical Medieval Burial at theMonte Dei CappucciniMonastery in Torino (Italy): A Case Study With High-Precision Radiocarbon Dating
Authors: Rubinetti Sara , Hajdas Irka , Taricco Carla , Alessio Silvia , Isella Luca P G , Giustetto Roberto , Boano Rosa
Published: January 2020

In 1989 an ancient burial consisting of a skeleton and a few objects was discovered at theMonte dei CappucciniMonastery, in Torino (Italy). Anthropological analysis of the skeleton revealed that it belonged to a young man, and the archaeometric characterization of the objects suggested that most of them are compatible with the Medieval period. As a proper archeological survey was not conducted at the time of the finding, due to the religious nature of the site, a high-precision radiocarbon (14C) dating has been performed. The samples were processed with three different methods: besides the ultrafiltration (UF) treatment, we applied the “collagen” (COL) and the Longin-base (LB) methods. While UF and COL treatments provided compatible results, LB method returned ages older with respect the UF one, with significant disagreements in some cases and this evidence is supported by several measurements on the same individual. Thanks to the reduction of the uncertainty with the high number of measured samples and the availability of historical evidence, the possible age of the burial has been limited to the time interval 1464–1515 cal AD.
Relational State Building in Areas of Limited Statehood: Experimental Evidence on the Attitudes of the Police
Authors: KARIM SABRINA
Published: January 2020

Under what conditions does state expansion into limited statehood areas improve perceptions of state authority? Although previous work emphasizes identity or institutional sources of state legitimacy, I argue that relationships between state agents and citizens drive positive attitude formation, because these relationships provide information and facilitate social bonds. Moreover, when state agents and citizens share demographic characteristics, perceptional effects may improve. Finally, citizens finding procedural interactions between state agents and citizens unfair may adopt negative views about the state. I test these three propositions by randomizing household visits by male or female police officers in rural Liberia. These visits facilitated relationship building, leading to improved perceptions of police; shared demographic characteristics between police and citizens did not strengthen this effect. Perceptions of unfairness in the randomization led to negative opinions about police. The results imply that relationship building between state agents and citizens is an important part of state building.
Natural fractures at depth in the Lower Cretaceous Kuqa Depression tight sandstones: identification and characteristics
Authors: Nian Tao , Li Yanze , Hou Tao , Tan Chengqian , Liu Chao
Published: January 2020

The Kuqa Depression in the northern Tarim Basin, NW China, is characterized by fault-controlled anticlines where natural fractures may influence production. Natural fractures in the Lower Cretaceous tight sandstones in the depression have been studied using seismic profiles, borehole images, cores and thin-sections. Results show that thrust faults, two types of opening-mode macrofractures and two types of microfractures are present. Thrust faults were generated during Cenozoic N–S-directed tectonic shortening and have hydraulically linked Jurassic source rocks and Cretaceous sandstones. Opening-mode fractures can be subdivided on the basis of sizes, filling characteristics and distribution patterns. Type 1 macrofractures are barren or mainly calcite-lined. They have straight traces with widths (opening displacements) that are of the order of magnitude of 10 μm, suggesting that their primary role is that of migration channels. Type 2 macrofractures are calcite-filled opening-mode fractures. They have an elliptical or tabular shape with sharply tapering tips. Transgranular microfractures are lens-shaped and open or filled mostly by calcite; maximum widths range between 0.01 mm and 0.1 mm. Intragranular microfractures are the most common microfracture type. They are filled by calcite, feldspar or quartz. The macrofractures and transgranular microfractures have regular distributions, while most intragranular microfractures are irregularly distributed owing to their inherited origin. The results imply that natural fractures in the tight sandstones were formed as tectonic, diagenetic and natural hydraulic origins. In situ stress and cementation analyses suggest that Type 1 macrofractures and their genesis-related microfractures have controlled the present flow system of the tight sandstones.
Mingling and Strategic Augmentation of International Legal Obligations
Authors: Putnam Tonya L.
Published: January 2020

Managing foreign affairs is in no small measure about anticipating the actions (and non-actions) of others, and about taking steps to limit the unexpected—and the undesired. Law has long been recognized as important to these tasks. Nevertheless, standard IR treatments often overlook important properties of law, even when trying to account for international law's effects on behavior. Chief among these overlooked properties is the fact that legal rules are formulated for general use, which means their provisions lack determinate meaning in relation to the full range of facts they may be applied to. Selecting and using legal rules to guide or assess behavior thus requires interpretation. Self-interested actors may differ regarding the applicability, scope, or meaning of individual rules, and still more so where multiple legal rules are in play. In situations where political stakes are high, powerful actors may not be content to leave all options on the table. Instead they may use interpretative tactics to mingle obligations from different agreements and, where needed, to augment relevant legal obligations in efforts to prospectively ensure, in the mode of Riker's heresthetics, that interlocutors feel compelled by legal circumstances to enact the more powerful actor's preferences. I demonstrate how agreement mingling and augmentation function in complex legal environments by reexaming US efforts to insulate its citizens from unwanted exercises of jurisdiction by the International Criminal Court (ICC).
Contraceptive use in Eswatini: do contextual influences matter?
Authors: Odimegwu Clifford , Chemhaka Garikayi B.
Published: January 2020

This study sought to investigate the determinants of current use of modern contraceptives beyond the individual level in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). Previous studies have overlooked the role of community characteristics such as socioeconomic development, women’s empowerment and fertility norms in shaping contraceptive use. Hierarchical structured subsample data of 4112 sexually experienced women from the 2007 Eswatini Demographic Health Survey were analysed using multilevel logistic regression to identify factors contributing to community/cluster variations in women’s current use of modern contraceptives. Less than half (44.2%) of the sexually active women were using modern contraceptive methods in 2007. At the community level, the odds of contraceptive use decreased for rural women (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.98) and among women residing in communities with high-fertility norms (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66–0.89). After adjusting for both individual- and community-level factors, no community-level variables considered for the study were significantly associated with contraceptive use. The findings highlight in all four models, from the empty to full model, that there is a small and decreasing significant variation in women’s contraceptive use across communities (MOR, 1.37–1.17). In 2007, the findings suggest individual rather than community factors account for some contextual variability in contraceptive use. The study proposes the use of ethnographic techniques to unravel community factors that promote modern contraceptive use in Eswatini.
Development of a non-parametric Gaussian process model in the three-dimensional equilibrium reconstruction code V3FIT
Authors: Howell Eric C. , Hanson J. D.
Published: January 2020

A non-parametric Gaussian process regression model is developed in the three-dimensional equilibrium reconstruction code V3FIT. A Gaussian process is a normal distribution of functions that is uniquely defined by specifying a mean function and covariance kernel function. Gaussian process regression assumes that an unknown profile belongs to a particular Gaussian process and uses Bayesian analysis to select the function the give the best fit to measured data. The implementation in V3FIT uses a hybrid representation where Gaussian processes are used to infer some of the equilibrium profiles and standard parametric techniques are used to infer the remaining profiles. The implementation of the Gaussian process is tested using both synthetic data and experimental data from multiple machines.
Roll, right, repeat: short-term repeatability in the self-righting behaviour of a cold-water sea cucumber
Authors: Clements Jeff C. , Schagerström Ellen , Dupont Sam , Jutfelt Fredrik , Ramesh Kirti
Published: January 2020

For many benthic marine invertebrates, inversion (being turned upside-down) is a common event that can increase vulnerability to predation, desiccation and unwanted spatial transport, and requires behavioural ‘self-righting’ to correct. While self-righting behaviour has been studied for more than a century, the repeatability (R) – the portion of behavioural variance due to inter-individual differences – of this trait is not well understood. Heritability and the evolution of animal behaviour rely on behavioural repeatability. Here, we examined the self-righting technique of a cold-water holothurid, Parastichopus tremulus, and assessed the repeatability of this behaviour. Under laboratory conditions, P. tremulus consistently used muscle contractions to curl its body and roll itself back to an upright position, which provided for rapid (x̅ ± SD = 96.7 ± 49.8 s) and highly repeatable (R = 0.75) self-righting in the short term that varied between individuals (range of individual average righting times = 34.8–217.0 s). Righting time tended to increase with animal size; however, substantial variation was evident at comparable sizes, as average righting time ranged from 34.8–155.5 s for animals ~20 cm in body length. Contrary to previous studies on other echinoderms, we found no evidence of improved righting times for P. tremulus over time. This study ultimately provides the first detailed documentation of self-righting behaviour for P. tremulus and suggests that this species displays a high degree of repeatability for this trait in the short term.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING OF ENGLISH PREPOSITIONS
Authors: Zhao Helen , Huang Shuting , Zhou Yacong , Wang Ruiming
Published: January 2020

In the current study of applied cognitive linguistics (CL), schematic diagrams that represent generalizations of physical-spatial experience were applied in a computer-based tutor that trained English prepositions for second language (L2) learners. Behavioral and electrophysiological (ERP) measures were used to examine whether schematic-diagram feedback provided by the tutor had an instructional advantage over the minimally informed correctness feedback. Behavioral results confirmed this prediction and further revealed that the treatment difference was more striking when the participants had a lower L2 proficiency. The ERP results also supported the prediction. Violation uses of prepositions yielded an N270 and an N400. Schematic-diagram feedback motivated significant changes in brain potentials, whereas correctness feedback failed to do so. Overall, our findings suggest that CL-inspired instruction of a relatively short duration led to significant improvements in learners’ behavioral productive performance and in their sensitivity to semantic violation of preposition use during online sentence processing. The study provided strong neurolinguistic evidence for CL-inspired pedagogy in supporting L2 learning.
Fleet optimization considering overcapacity and load sharing restrictions using genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization
Authors: Kristjanpoller Fredy , Michell Kevin , Kristjanpoller Werner , Crespo Adolfo
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a fleet model explained through a complex configuration of load sharing that considers overcapacity and is based on a life cycle cost (LCC) approach for cost-related decision-making. By analyzing the variables needed to optimize the fleet size, which must be evaluated in combination with the event space method (ESM), the solution to this problem would normally require high computing performance and long computing times. Considering this, the combined use of an integer genetic algorithm (GA) and the ant colony optimization (ACO) method was proposed in order to determine the optimal solution. In order to analyze and highlight the added value of this proposal, several empirical simulations were performed. The results showed the potential strengths of the proposal related to its flexibility and capacity in solving large problems with a near optimal solution for large fleet size and potential real-world applications. Even larger problems can be solved this way than by using the complete enumeration approach and a non-family fleet approach. Thus, this allows for a more real solution to fleet design that also considers overcapacity, availability, and an LCC approach. The simulations showed that the model can be solved in much less time compared with the base model and allows for the resolution of a fleet of at least 64 trucks using GA and 130 using ACO, respectively. Thus, the proposed framework can solve real-world problems, such as the fleet design of mining companies, by offering a more realistic approach.
Expert consensus on low-calorie sweeteners: facts, research gaps and suggested actions
Authors: Ashwell Margaret , Gibson Sigrid , Bellisle France , Buttriss Judith , Drewnowski Adam , Fantino Marc , Gallagher Alison M. , de Graaf Kees , Goscinny Séverine , Hardman Charlotte A. , Laviada-Molina Hugo , López-García Rebeca , Magnuson Berna , Mellor Duane , Rogers Peter J. , Rowland Ian , Russell Wendy , Sievenpiper John L. , la Vecchia Carlo
Published: January 2020

A consensus workshop on low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) was held in November 2018 where seventeen experts (the panel) discussed three themes identified as key to the science and policy of LCS: (1) weight management and glucose control; (2) consumption, safety and perception; (3) nutrition policy. The aims were to identify the reliable facts on LCS, suggest research gaps and propose future actions. The panel agreed that the safety of LCS is demonstrated by a substantial body of evidence reviewed by regulatory experts and current levels of consumption, even for high users, are within agreed safety margins. However, better risk communication is needed. More emphasis is required on the role of LCS in helping individuals reduce their sugar and energy intake, which is a public health priority. Based on reviews of clinical evidence to date, the panel concluded that LCS can be beneficial for weight management when they are used to replace sugar in products consumed in the diet (without energy substitution). The available evidence suggests no grounds for concerns about adverse effects of LCS on sweet preference, appetite or glucose control; indeed, LCS may improve diabetic control and dietary compliance. Regarding effects on the human gut microbiota, data are limited and do not provide adequate evidence that LCS affect gut health at doses relevant to human use. The panel identified research priorities, including collation of the totality of evidence on LCS and body weight control, monitoring and modelling of LCS intakes, impacts on sugar reduction and diet quality and developing effective communication strategies to foster informed choice. There is also a need to reconcile policy discrepancies between organisations and reduce regulatory hurdles that impede low-energy product development and reformulation.
lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 affects trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion and migration through targeting miRNA
Authors: Zhang Yulei , Chen Xiaoqin
Published: January 2020

The abnormal expression of lncRNAs and miRNAs has been found in the placentas of patients with preeclampsia (PE). Therefore, we determined the role of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1/miR-3127 in trophoblast cells. The expression of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 was detected by qRT-PCR. The proliferation, migration and invasion ability of trophoblast cells were evaluated using CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assays. The target gene of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 was determined by StarBase and luciferase reporter assays. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). The results showed that FOXD2-AS1 affected trophoblast cell viabilityin vitro, while the expression of miR-3127 was decreased. FOXD2-AS1 silencing decreased the promotion effects on trophoblast cell induced by miR-3127 inhibition. In addition, FOXD2-AS1 and miR-3127 presented the same effect on MMP2 and MMP9 levels. lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 modulated trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion and migration through downregulating miR-3127 expression. Therefore, lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 could act as a latent therapeutic marker in preeclampsia.
Blastocyst collapse as an embryo marker of low implantation potential: a time-lapse multicentre study
Authors: Sciorio Romualdo , Herrer Saura Raquel , Thong K. Joo , Esbert Algam Marga , Pickering Susan Jane , Meseguer Marcos
Published: January 2020

Spontaneous blastocyst collapse during in vitro embryo development has been suggested as a novel marker of embryo quality. Therefore, the aim of this multicentre study was to carry out a retrospective multicentre analysis to investigate the correlation between blastocyst collapse and pregnancy outcome. Here, 1297 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)/in vitro fertilization (IVF) fresh cycles, with an elective single blastocyst transfer (eSET) were included in this study. Embryos were cultured individually in 6.0% CO2, 5.0% O2, 89.0% N2, using single step medium (GTLTM VitroLife, Sweden) or sequential medium (CookTM, Cook Medical, Australia) and selected for transfer using standard morphological criteria. With the use of time-lapse monitoring (TLM), blastocysts were analyzed by measuring the maximum volume reduction and defined as having collapsed, if there was ≥ 50% volume reduction from the expanded blastocyst and the collapse event. Following embryo replacement, each blastocyst was retrospectively allocated to one of two groups (collapsed or not collapsed). Here, 259 blastocysts collapsed once or more during development (19.9%) and the remaining 1038 either contracted minimally or not collapsed (80.1%). A significantly higher ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) of 51.9% (95% CI 48.9–59.9%) was observed when blastocysts that had not collapsed were replaced compared with cycles in which collapsed blastocysts were transferred 37.5% (95% CI 31.6–43.4%). This study suggests that human blastocysts that collapse spontaneously during development are less likely to implant and generate a pregnancy compared with embryos that do not. Although this is a retrospective study, the results demonstrated the utility of collapse episodes as new marker of embryo selection following eSET at blastocyst stage.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with surgically corrected Ventricular Septal Defect, Transposition of the Great Arteries, and Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Holst Line M. , Kronborg Jonas B. , Jepsen Jens R. M. , Christensen Jette Ø. , Vejlstrup Niels G. , Juul Klaus , Bjerre Jesper V. , Bilenberg Niels , Ravn Hanne B.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Children with complex CHD are at risk for psychopathology such as severe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms after congenital heart surgery.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate if children with Ventricular Septal Defect, Transposition of Great Arteries, or Tetralogy of Fallot have an increased occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms compared with the background population and to investigate differences between the three CHDs in terms of occurrence and appearance of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.

Method:

A national register-based survey was conducted, including children aged 10–16 years with surgically corrected CHDs without genetic abnormalities and syndromes. The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Rating Scale questionnaires were filled in by parents and school teachers.

Results:

In total, 159 out of 283 questionnaires were completed among children with CHDs and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Children with CHDs had significantly increased inattention scores (p = 0.009) and total attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder scores (p = 0.008) compared with controls. Post hoc analyses revealed that children with Tetralogy of Fallot had significantly higher inattention scores compared with children both with Ventricular Septal Defect (p = 0.043) and controls (p = 0.004).

Conclusion:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and inattention symptoms were significantly more frequent among children aged 10–16 years with CHDs, in particular in children with corrected Tetralogy of Fallot.
Transcatheter closure of aortopulmonary window with Amplatzer duct occluder II: additional size
Authors: Uçar Tayfun , Karagözlü Selen , Ramoğlu Mehmet G. , Tutar Ercan
Published: January 2020

Aortopulmonary window is a rare cardiac defect, and early management with surgery or transcatheter closure is lifesaving. Here, a 9-month-old patient, who underwent a successful device closure with additional size-Amplatzer duct occlude, is presented to make emphasis that it may be considered as the device of choice for defects in close proximity to aortic valve and/or coronary ostium.
Battlefield Casualties and Ballot-Box Defeat: Did the Bush–Obama Wars Cost Clinton the White House?
Authors: Kriner Douglas L. , Shen Francis X.
Published: January 2020

In the 2016 election, foreign policy may have played a critically important role in swinging an important constituency to Donald Trump: voters in high-casualty communities that had abandoned Republican candidates in the mid-2000s. Trump’s iconoclastic campaign rhetoric promised a foreign policy that would simultaneously be more muscular and restrained. He promised to rebuild and refocus the military while avoiding the “stupid wars” and costly entanglements of his predecessors. At both the state and county levels, we find significant and substantively meaningful relationships between local casualty rates and support for Trump. Trump made significant electoral gains among constituencies that were exhausted and politically alienated by 18 years of fighting. Trump’s foreign policy shows a president beset by competing militaristic and isolationist impulses. Our results suggest that giving into the former may come at a significant electoral cost.
Earth-Like: an education & outreach tool for exploring the diversity of planets like our own
Authors: Tasker Elizabeth J. , Ishimaru Kana , Guttenberg Nicholas , Foriel Julien
Published: January 2020

Earth-Like is an interactive website and twitter bot that allows users to explore changes in the average global surface temperature of an Earth-like planet due to variations in the surface oceans and emerged land coverage, rate of volcanism (degassing) and the level of the received solar radiation. The temperature is calculated using a simple carbon–silicate cycle model to change the level of CO2 in the atmosphere based on the chosen parameters. The model can achieve a temperature range exceeding −100°C to 100°C by varying all three parameters, including freeze-thaw cycles for a planet with our present-day volcanism rate and emerged land fraction situated at the outer edge of the habitable zone. To increase engagement, the planet is visualized by using a neural network to render an animated globe, based on the calculated average surface temperature and chosen values for land fraction and volcanism. The website and bot can be found at earthlike.world and on twitter as @earthlikeworld. Initial feedback via a user survey suggested that Earth-Like is effective at demonstrating that minor changes in planetary properties can strongly impact the surface environment. The goal of the project is to increase understanding of the challenges we face in finding another habitable planet due to the likely diversity of conditions on rocky worlds within our Galaxy.
A NEW COARSELY RIGID CLASS OF BANACH SPACES
Authors: Baudier F. , Lancien G. , Motakis P. , Schlumprecht Th.
Published: January 2020

We prove that the class of reflexive asymptotic-$c_{0}$ Banach spaces is coarsely rigid, meaning that if a Banach space $X$ coarsely embeds into a reflexive asymptotic-$c_{0}$ space $Y$, then $X$ is also reflexive and asymptotic-$c_{0}$. In order to achieve this result, we provide a purely metric characterization of this class of Banach spaces. This metric characterization takes the form of a concentration inequality for Lipschitz maps on the Hamming graphs, which is rigid under coarse embeddings. Using an example of a quasi-reflexive asymptotic-$c_{0}$ space, we show that this concentration inequality is not equivalent to the non-equi-coarse embeddability of the Hamming graphs.
‘Una cosa es el indio y otra cosa es la antropología’: Racial and Aural (Dis)Encounters in Cumbia's Current Circulation
Authors: RUBIO RESTREPO JUAN DAVID
Published: January 2020

This article focuses on the collaboration between Colombian black accordionist Carmelo Torres, the most renown performer of accordion cumbia, and Bogotá-based band Los Toscos, a group of academically trained white-mestizo musicians. Considering Carmelo Torres y Los Toscos as representative of the current state of cumbia's global circulation and in dialogue with the growing corpus of scholarly works on the topic, this article traces how this collaboration has circulated on local, national, and transnational scales and theorizes the different discourses of music, race, and nation that emerge from it. Using recent critiques by thinkers of colour to the work of Deleuze and Guattari, I propose the idea of theracial assemblageand put it in dialogue with contributions to critical geography by Michel-Rolph Trouillot as well as current music scholarship from Latin America and the global north to build a interdisciplinary study that thinks embodied musickinginplace.
Observed versus modelled stellar CME rates
Authors: Leitzinger Martin , Odert Petra , Vida Krisztian , Kriskovics Levente , Guenther Eike W. , Korhonen Heidi , Greimel Robert , Hanslmeier Arnold , Lammer Helmut
Published: January 2020

Stellar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) may play an important role in stellar and planetary evolution, therefore the knowledge on parameter distributions of this energetic activity phenomenon is highly relevant. During the last years several attempts have been made to detect stellar CMEs of late-type main-sequence and pre main-sequence stars from dedicated optical spectroscopic observations. Up to now only a handful of distinct stellar CME detections are known which contradicts the results from stellar CME modelling, which predict higher CME rates. We report on dedicated ongoing and future observational attempts to detect stellar CMEs and discuss the observational results with respect to the results from stellar CME modelling.
Simple Hydrides (OH and CH) Trace the Dark Molecular Gas
Authors: Li Di , Tang Ningyu , Nguyen Hiep , Dawson J. R. , Heiles Carl , Wang Pei ,   the PRIMO collaboration
Published: January 2020

Emission lines from CO and Hi are the standard tracers of molecular and atomic interstellar medium, respectively. In the past two decades, a consensus has formed that a substantial fraction of Galactic molecular gas evades detection by these two tracers, thus giving rise to the empirical concept of dark molecular gas (DMG). Largely based on the experience and evidence garnered from the Arecibo Millennium survey, we have formed an international consortium, the Pacific Rim Interstellar Matter Observers (PRIMO), to pursue alternative tracers of DMG, particularly absorption against background radio sources (quasars). PRIMO have carried out observing programs at Arecibo, JVLA, Delingha 13.7m, ATCA and ALMA, among others. Our observations reveal abundant hydrides, namely OH and CH, in DMG clouds. The historical difficulty of mapping OH can be explained by the measured OH excitation temperature

$f(T_{{\rm{ex}}}^{{\rm{OH}}}) \propto \frac{1}{{\sqrt {2\pi } \sigma }}{\rm{exp}}[ - {(ln(T_{ex}^{OH}) - ln(3.4\;K))^2}/(2{\sigma ^2})],$

which is a modified log-normal function peaking close to the numerical value of the L-band Galactic continuum background (synchrotron + CMB). Both OH and CH are shown to be better tracers of molecular hydrogen than CO, particularly in the intermediate extinction regions (Av ~ 0.05-2 magnitude), where DMG dominates. http://ism.bao.ac.cn/primo
Retention of Small Charged Dust in Planet Forming Disks
Authors: Akimkin Vitaly
Published: January 2020

Dust evolution in disks around young stars is a key ingredient for the global disk evolution and accompanying planet formation. The mutual sticking of initially small grains is not straightforward and can be hampered by several processes. This includes dust grain bouncing, fragmentation, electrostatic repulsion and fast drift to the central star. In this study we aim at theoretical modeling of the dust coagulation coupled with the dust charging and disk ionization calculations. We show that the electrostatic barrier is a strong restraining factor to the coagulation of micron-size dust. While the sustained turbulence helps to overcome the electrostatic barrier, dust fluffiness limits this opportunity. Coulomb repulsion may keep a significant fraction of m dust in large regions of protoplanetary disks.
Large-scale magnetic field of the accretion disks of T Tauri stars
Authors: Dudorov Alexander E. , Khaibrakhmanov Sergey A. , Parfenov Sergey Yu. , Sobolev Andrey M.
Published: January 2020

The large-scale magnetic field in the accretion disks of young stars is investigated. Main features of our magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) model of the accretion disks and typical simulation results are presented. We discuss the role of MHD effects, ionization structure, magnetic field geometry and strength of the accretion disks.
Exoplanet host-star properties: the active environment of exoplanets
Authors: Pye John P. , Barrado David , García Rafael A. , Güdel Manuel , Nichols Jonathan , Joyce Simon , Huélamo Nuria , Morales-Calderón María , López Mauro , Solano Enrique , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Johnstone Colin P. , Brun Allan Sacha , Strugarek Antoine , Ahuir Jérémy ,   On behalf of the ExoplANETS-A Consortium
Published: January 2020

The primary objectives of the ExoplANETS-A project are to: establish new knowledge on exoplanet atmospheres; establish new insight on influence of the host star on the planet atmosphere; disseminate knowledge, using online, web-based platforms. The project, funded under the EU’s Horizon-2020 programme, started in January 2018 and has a duration ∼3 years. We present an overview of the project, the activities concerning the host stars and some early results on the host stars.
A mid-infrared interferometric survey of the planet-forming region around young Sun-like stars
Authors: Varga József , Ábrahám Péter , Chen Lei , Ratzka Thorsten , Gabányi K. É. , Kóspál Á.
Published: January 2020

We present our results from a mid-infrared interferometric survey targeted at the planet-forming region in the circumstellar disks around low- and intermediate-mass young stars. Our sample consists of 82 objects, including T Tauri stars, Herbig Ae stars, and young eruptive stars. Our main results are: 1) Disks around T Tauri stars are similar to those around Herbig Ae stars, but are relatively more extended once we account for stellar luminosity. 2) From the distribution of the sizes of the mid-infrared emitting region we find that inner dusty disk holes may be present in roughly half of the sample. 3) Our analysis of the silicate spectral feature reveals that the dust in the inner ~1 au region of disks is generally more processed than that in the outer regions. 4) The dust in the disks of T Tauri stars typically show weaker silicate emission in the N band spectrum, compared to Herbig Ae stars, which may indicate a general difference in the disk structure. Our data products are available at VizieR, and at the following web page: http://konkoly.hu/MIDI_atlas.
Probing the physical conditions surrounding young star clusters
Authors: Gregorio-Hetem Jane , Fernandes Beatriz , Navarete Felipe
Published: January 2020

The scenario of star cluster formation can be better understood based on the detailed study of the dynamical conditions of the associated gas, clustering properties and effects of ionizing sources, among others. Some of these characteristics are explored in our ongoing work based on observations with the SOAR and T80-S telescopes. With these data we have obtained a complete multi-band photometric catalogue of selected clusters that we characterize using color-color diagrams and flux ratios. In particular, this work is focused on SOAR/Spartan (near-infrared) observations of the Canis Major star-forming region.
MASSES: An SMA Large Project Surveying Protostars to Reveal How Stars Gain their Mass
Authors: Stephens Ian W. , Dunham Michael M. , Myers Philip C. , Pokhrel Riwaj , Bourke Tyler L. ,   the MASSES team
Published: January 2020

Low-mass stars form from the gravitational collapse of dense molecular cloud cores. While a general consensus picture of this collapse process has emerged, many details on how mass is transferred from cores to stars remain poorly understood. MASSES (Mass Assembly of Stellar Systems and their Evolution with the SMA), an SMA large project, has just finished surveying all 74 Class 0 and Class I protostars in the nearby Perseus molecular cloud to reveal the interplay between fragmentation, angular momentum, and outflows in regulating accretion and setting the final masses of stars. Scientific highlights are presented in this proceedings, covering the topics of episodic accretion, hierarchical thermal Jeans fragmentation, angular momentum transfer, envelope grain sizes, and disk evolution.
Observations of H2O and OH masers in star-forming regions
Authors: Rudnitskij Georgij , Ashimbaeva Nuriya , Bayandina Olga , Colom Pierre , Lekht Evgeny , Pashchenko Mikhail , Shakhvorostova Nadezhda , Tolmachev Alexander , Valtts Irina
Published: January 2020

We report long-term observations of H2O and OH maser emission sources at wavelengths of 1.35 and 18 cm associated with star-forming regions. Strong quasi-periodic flares of maser emission have been observed. Several sources (in particular, G25.65+1.05, IRAS 16293−2422, Cep A) have displayed strong flares in the H2O line, when their peak flux density raised by a few orders of magnitude above the quiet state. Possible causes of this are discussed.
The biological impact of superflares on planets in the Habitable Zone
Authors: Valio Adriana , Estrela Raissa , Cabral Luisa , Grangeiro Abel
Published: January 2020

Younger and fully convective stars are much more active than our Sun, producing many superflares. Here we estimate the impact of the superflares UV radiation on living organisms on the surface of orbiting planets in the habitable zone of the star. For this we study two active stars, Kepler-96 (solar type) and TRAPPIST-1 (M dwarf). Kepler-96, with an age of 2.4 Gyr, is at the same stage of the Sun when the first multicellular organisms appeared on Earth. The biological impact of super flares are studied on a hypothetical Earth at 1AU of Kepler-96 and on planets TRAPPIST-1e, f, and g for three atmospheres scenarios: an Archean and Present-day atmospheres with and without ozone. We estimated the survival rates of two bacteria and concluded that life would only survive on the surface of these planets if their atmosphere had an ozone layer, or in shallow waters of an ocean.
ALMA observations of sulfur-bearing molecules in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Nomura H. , Higuchi A. , Sakai N. , Yamamoto S. , Nagasawa M. , Tanaka K.K. , Miura H. , Nakamoto T. , Tanaka H. , Yamamoto T. , Walsh C. , Millar T.J.
Published: January 2020

It is thought that protoplanets formed in protoplanetary disks excite the orbital motion of the surrounding planetesimals, and the bow shocks caused by the highly excited planetesimals heat their icy component evaporating into gas. We have performed model calculations to study the evolution of molecular abundances of the evaporated icy component, which suggests sulfur-bearing molecules can be good tracers of icy planetesimal evaporation. Here we report the result of our ALMA observations of sulfur-bearing molecules towards protoplanetary disks. The lines were undetected but the obtained upper limits of the line fluxes and our model calculations give upper limits of the fractional abundances ofx(H2S) < 10−11andx(SO) < 10−10in the outer disk. These results are consistent with the molecular abundances in comets in our Solar system.
Formation of terrestrial planets
Authors: Kokubo Eiichiro
Published: January 2020

In the standard formation scenario of planetary systems, planets form from a protoplanetary disk that consists of gas and dust. The scenario can be divided into three stages: (1) formation of planetesimals from dust, (2) formation of protoplanets from planetesimals, and (3) formation of planets from protoplanets. In stage (1), planetesimals form from dust through coagulation of dust grains and/or some instability of a dust layer. Planetesimals grow by mutual collisions to protoplanets or planetary embryos through runaway and oligarchic growth in stage (2). The final stage (3) of terrestrial planet formation is giant impacts among protoplanets while sweeping residual planetesimals. In the present paper, we review the elementary processes of terrestrial planet formation and discuss the extension of the standard scenario.
Discovering periodic sublimation on main-belt primitive asteroids near perihelion and its possible astrobiological significance
Authors: Busarev Vladimir V.
Published: January 2020

Discovered periodic sublimation activity on four main-belt primitive asteroids led us to conclusions about possible origin of those and similar bodies (or their parent bodies) near or beyond the snow line in the early Solar System making incorporated in them a considerable water ice stock. Water differentiation of the bodies owing to 26A1 decay and their internal thermal evolution might have created conditions for water soluble organics and prebiotic compounds formation. Subsequent longtime periodic changing temperature and other physico-chemical parameters (due to spinning and moving around the Sun) in the near-surface layers of primitive asteroids have led probably to formation of more complex organic compounds of astrobiological significance.
Cosmic Pathways to Life: From Interstellar Molecules to the First Traces of Life
Authors: Güdel Manuel , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Tóth L. Viktor
Published: January 2020

The present-day Earth with its innumerable life forms is a product of cosmic evolution starting with the formation of our galaxy and the dense gas clouds within it, and proceeding through the contraction of one of those clouds about 4.6 Gyr ago, first into filaments and then one or more protostellar disks, planets, and central stars, one of which was our Sun. Radioactive debris from a massive nearby star was included. The planets themselves formed through coagulation, accretion, and fragmentation of solid bodies. Habitability depends on a delicate balance between disk accretion by gravity and dispersal by the central star, which determine the size of the planet and its gaseous envelope, combined with a long period of stellar radiation, which has to disperse this envelope but leave a hospitable secondary atmosphere. The final step toward life involves even more complexity as self-replicating bio-molecules form with ever increasing stability.
Four agendas for research and policy on emissions mitigation and well-being
Authors: Roberts J. Timmons , Steinberger Julia K. , Dietz Thomas , Lamb William F. , York Richard , Jorgenson Andrew K. , Givens Jennifer E. , Baer Paul , Schor Juliet B.
Published: January 2020

Non-technical abstract

The climate crisis requires nations to achieve human well-being with low national levels of carbon emissions. Countries vary from one another dramatically in how effectively they convert resources into well-being, and some nations with low levels of emissions have relatively high objective and subjective well-being. We identify urgent research and policy agendas for four groups of countries with either low or high emissions and well-being indicators. Least studied are those with low well-being and high emissions. Understanding social and political barriers to switching from high-carbon to lower-carbon modes of production and consumption, and ways to overcome them, will be fundamental.
Extracurriculare Förderangebote für benachteiligte Kinder und deren Eltern: Ein Angebot-Aneignungs-Modell zur Inanspruchnahme und Wirkung
Authors: Lohaus Arnold , Wild Elke
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung. Obwohl in großem Umfang extracurriculare, staatlich finanzierte und kommerzielle Förderangebote für Kinder, Jugendliche und ihre Eltern zur Verfügung stehen, ist wenig darüber bekannt, welche Zielgruppen de facto dadurch erreicht und welche Effekte damit erzielt werden. Bei extracurricularen Bildungsangeboten handelt es sich um Lern- und Unterstützungsgelegenheiten, die in der Regel nicht verpflichtend sind, zumeist außerhalb der regulären Schulzeiten angeboten werden und die vielfach mit einer finanziellen Eigenbeteiligung verbunden sind. In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst herausgearbeitet, dass nicht nur das Angebot an außerschulischen bzw. außerunterrichtlichen Fördermaßnahmen steigt, sondern auch die Nachfrage. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, von welchen Parametern einerseits die Angebotsnutzung und andererseits die Angebotswirkung abhängen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Beitrag ein Angebot-Nutzen-Modell vorgestellt, mit dem der Versuch unternommen wird, die relevanten Parameter zu systematisieren. Dazu gehören neben den sozio-kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen insbesondere die Angebotsstruktur, der Inanspruchnahme- bzw. Aneignungsprozess sowie die damit erzielten unmittelbaren bzw. langfristigen Entwicklungsergebnisse. Zur Angebotsstruktur werden dabei die mit einem Förderangebot verfolgten Intentionen sowie die inhaltliche und methodisch-didaktische Ausgestaltung des Angebots gerechnet. Für den Inanspruchnahme- bzw. Aneignungsprozess ist dem Modell zufolge vor allem die Implementation sowie damit verbunden der Professionalisierungsgrad des jeweiligen Personals sowie die Passung zwischen Angebot und Bedarf aus der Sicht der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer entscheidend. Unmittelbare Wirkungen können je nach Qualität und Quantität der Fördernutzung beispielsweise in einer Steigerung individueller und sozialer Ressourcen sowie im subjektiven Wohlbefinden Heranwachsender ergeben. Längerfristig können sich daraus Auswirkungen auf Variablen wie die Ausbildungs- und Beschäftigungsfähigkeit, die Persönlichkeit oder spezifische Kompetenzen ergeben. Das vorgeschlagene Modell kann genutzt werden, um zukünftig zu bearbeitende Forschungsfragen zur Nutzung extracurricularer Unterstützungsangebote und ihren Auswirkungen abzuleiten und die gewonnenen Befunde zu systematisieren.
Diabolical points in coupled active cavities with quantum emitters
Authors: Yang Jingnan , Qian Chenjiang , Xie Xin , Peng Kai , Wu Shiyao , Song Feilong , Sun Sibai , Dang Jianchen , Yu Yang , Shi Shushu , He Jiongji , Steer Matthew J. , Thayne Iain G. , Li Bei-Bei , Bo Fang , Xiao Yun-Feng , Zuo Zhanchun , Jin Kuijuan , Gu Changzhi , Xu Xiulai
Published: January 2020

In single microdisks, embedded active emitters intrinsically affect the cavity modes of the microdisks, resulting in trivial symmetric backscattering and low controllability. Here we demonstrate macroscopic control of the backscattering direction by optimizing the cavity size. The signature of the positive and negative backscattering directions in each single microdisk is confirmed with two strongly coupled microdisks. Furthermore, diabolical points are achieved at the resonance of the two microdisks, which agrees well with theoretical calculations considering the backscattering directions. Diabolical points in active optical structures pave the way for an implementation of quantum information processing with geometric phase in quantum photonic networks.
High level MYC amplification in B-cell lymphomas: is it a marker of aggressive disease?
Authors: Pophali Priyanka A. , Marinelli Lisa M. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Meyer Reid G. , McPhail Ellen D. , Kurtin Paul J. , Mwangi Raphael , Maurer Matthew J. , Habermann Thomas , King Rebecca L.
Published: January 2020

While MYC translocations in B-cell lymphoma (BCL) have been extensively studied, the significance of MYC amplification (MYC amp) is poorly understood. This study characterizes BCL showing MYC amp, defined as uncountable FISH signals. Retrospective analysis of all BCL FISH for MYC aberrations performed at our institution (1/2010–2/2018) identified 44/9715 (0.45%) cases with MYC amp. MYC amp probe signals appeared in a cloud-like distribution (70%) or in a single homogenous-staining-region (30%). In total 59% also had MYC separation by breakapart probe indicating concurrent MYC translocation. The most common morphology was large cell (82%) and diagnosis was diffuse large BCL (DLBCL, 50%). In total 88% were germinal center B-cell-like by Hans algorithm. In total 12/42 (29%) cases were “double-hit” by WHO criteria (DHL/THL) in addition to having MYC amp. The estimated 2-year overall survival (OS) of DLBCL cases with MYC amp was 80%. There was no significant difference in OS between DLBCL and DHL/THL among cases with MYC amp, suggesting a poor prognostic impact of MYC amp. However, when compared to a larger cohort of DLBCL and DHL/THL, MYC amp did not have prognostic significance. In summary, MYC amp in BCL is rare, most commonly occurs in DLBCL, and was not associated with survival in our cohort.
RNA-Seq profiling of deregulated miRs in CLL and their impact on clinical outcome
Authors: Kaur Gurvinder , Ruhela Vivek , Rani Lata , Gupta Anubha , Sriram Krishnamachari , Gogia Ajay , Sharma Atul , Kumar Lalit , Gupta Ritu
Published: January 2020

Abnormal expression patterns of regulatory small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) molecules such as microRNAs (miRs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) play an important role in the development and progression of cancer. Identification of clinically relevant sncRNA signatures could, therefore, be of tremendous translational value. In the present study, genome-wide small RNA sequencing identified a unique pattern of differential regulation of eight miRs in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Among these, three were up-regulated (miR-1295a, miR-155, miR-4524a) and five were down-regulated (miR-30a, miR-423, miR-486*, let-7e, and miR-744) in CLL. Altered expression of all these eight differentially expressed miRs (DEMs) was validated by RQ-PCR. Besides, seven novel sequences identified to have elevated expression levels in CLL turned out to be transfer RNA (tRNA)/piRNAs (piRNA-30799, piRNA-36225)/snoRNA (SNORD43) related. Multivariate analysis showed that miR-4524a (HR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.080–3.4, p value: 0.026) and miR-744 (HR: 0.415, 95% CI: 0.224–0.769, p value: 0.005) were significantly associated with risk and time to first treatment. Further investigations could help establish the scope of integration of these DEM markers into risk stratification designs and prognostication approaches for CLL.