bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xanthium strumariumL. Extracts Produce DNA Damage Mediated by Cytotoxicity inIn VitroAssays but Does Not Induce Micronucleus in Mice
Authors: Piloto Ferrer Janet , Cozzi Renata , Cornetta Tommaso , Stano Pasquale , Fiore Mario , Degrassi Francesca , De Salvia Rosella , Remigio Antonia , Francisco Marbelis , Quiñones Olga , Valdivia Dayana , González Maria L. , Pérez Carlos , Sánchez-Lamar Angel
Published: June 2014

Xanthium strumariumL. is a member of the Asteraceae commonly used in Cuba, mainly as diuretic. Some toxic properties of this plant have also been reported and, to date, very little is known about its genotoxic properties. The present work aims was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic risk of whole extract fromXanthium strumariumL. whole extract of aerial parts. No positive response was observed in a battery of fourSalmonella typhimuriumstrains, when exposed to concentrations up to 5 mg/plate, with and without mammalian metabolic activation (liver microsomal S9 fraction from Wistar rats). In CHO cells, high concentrations (25–100 μg/mL) revealed significant reduction in cell viability. Results from sister chromatid exchanges, chromosome aberrations, and comet assay showed thatX. strumariumextract is genotoxic at the highest concentration used, when clear cytotoxic effects were also observed. On the contrary, no increase in micronuclei frequency in bone marrow cells was observed when the extract was orally administered to mice (100, 500, and 2000 mg/Kg doses). The data presented here constitute the most complete study on the genotoxic potential ofX. strumariumL. and show that the extract can inducein vitroDNA damage at cytotoxic concentrations.
Stability of Ceftiofur Sodium and Cefquinome Sulphate in Intravenous Solutions
Authors: Dołhań Agnieszka , Jelińska Anna , Bębenek Marcelina
Published: June 2014

Stability of ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate in intravenous solutions was studied. Chromatographic separation and quantitative determination were performed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-DAD detection. During the stability study, poly(vinylchloride) minibags were filled with a solution containing 5 mg of ceftiofur sodium or cefquinome sulphate and diluted to 0.2 mg/mL with suitable intravenous solution depending on the test conditions. The solutions for the study were protected from light and stored at room temperature (22°C), refrigerated (6°C), frozen (−20°C) for 30 days, and then thawed at room temperature. A comparison of results obtained at 22°C and 6°C for the same intravenous solutions showed that temperature as well as components of solutions and their concentration had an influence on the stability of ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate. It was found that ceftiofur sodium and cefquinome sulphate dissolved in intravenous solutions used in this study may be stored at room temperature and at 6°C for up to 48 h.
Quantitative Crystal Structure Analysis of (E)-1-[(2-Chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine
Authors: Dey Dhananjay , Shripanavar Chetan S. , Banerjee Kaushik , Chopra Deepak
Published: June 2014

The crystal structure of a biologically active (E)-1-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl)]-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine with molecular formula C6H8N5O2ClS has been investigated based on the molecular conformation and the supramolecular packing in terms of intermolecular interactions involving N–H⋯O, N–H⋯N, and C–H⋯O–N (nitro group), C–H⋯N (thiazol) hydrogen bonds, offset π–π stacking, C–H⋯π and N(–NO2)⋯C=N intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, a short C–Cl⋯O–N contact is also present which contributes towards the crystal packing. The lattice energy of the title compound has been calculated using the PIXEL approach (the Coulomb-London-Pauli (CLP) model) and compared with periodic calculations performed using CRYSTAL09. In addition, Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots provide a platform for the evaluation of the contribution of different intermolecular interactions towards the packing behaviour.
Third-Order Newton-Type Methods Combined with Vector Extrapolation for Solving Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Zhou Wen , Kou Jisheng
Published: June 2014

We present a third-order method for solving the systems of nonlinear equations. This method is a Newton-type scheme with the vector extrapolation. We establish the local and semilocal convergence of this method. Numerical results show that the composite method is more robust and efficient than a number of Newton-type methods with the other vector extrapolations.
Preventive Strategies against Bleeding due to Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Sarah Lessire , Anne-Sophie Dincq , Jonathan Douxfils , Bérangère Devalet , Jean-Baptiste Nicolas , Anne Spinewine , Anne-Sophie Larock , Jean-Michel Dogné , Maximilien Gourdin , François Mullier
Published: June 2014

Dabigatran etexilate (DE), rivaroxaban, and apixaban are nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) that have been compared in clinical trials with existing anticoagulants (warfarin and enoxaparin) in several indications for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic events. All NOACs presented bleeding events despite a careful selection and control of patients. Compared with warfarin, NOACs had a decreased risk of intracranial hemorrhage, and apixaban and DE (110 mg BID) had a decreased risk of major bleeding from any site. Rivaroxaban and DE showed an increased risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding compared with warfarin. Developing strategies to minimize the risk of bleeding is essential, as major bleedings are reported in clinical practice and specific antidotes are currently not available. In this paper, the following preventive approaches are reviewed: improvement of appropriate prescription, identification of modifiable bleeding risk factors, tailoring NOAC’s dose, dealing with a missed dose as well as adhesion to switching, bridging and anesthetic procedures.
A Study of Novel Hybrid Antilock Braking System Employing Magnetorheological Brake
Authors: Shiao Yaojung , Nguyen Quang-Anh , Lin Jhe-Wei
Published: June 2014

A novel hybrid antilock braking system (ABS) with the combination of auxiliary brake and a multipole magnetorheological (MR) brake was proposed in this paper. The MR brake with innovative operation concept can replace existed hydraulic brake system or works as an auxiliary brake. Two simulation models of the MR brakes, inner rotor and outer rotor structures, have been built. The outer rotor design was chosen due to its better braking performance and suitable mechanism for using on motorcycle. After that, motorcycle simulation software was employed to validate the hybrid ABS system under appropriated working condition. Two controllers, the ordinary and self-organizing fuzzy logic controllers (FLC and SOFLC), were evaluated on ABS performance to pick the suitable one. Simulation results confirm the more adaptations to different road conditions of the SOFLC with 18% higher brake performance compared to ones of ordinary FLC. Brake performance can increase 12% more with the combination of SOFLC and road condition estimator (RCE). It is concluded that this hybrid ABS is feasible for actual application by effectively improving the brake performance for ensuring driving stability.
The Relationship between Health and Community across Aging Cohorts
Authors: Norstrand Julie , Chan Keith T.
Published: June 2014

Research is needed to examine the connection between older adults and their community as they age. This is important as increasing numbers of older adults wish to age in place. Regression models were examined across 3 cohorts testing relationships among social capital indicators (neighborhood trust, neighborhood support, neighborhood cohesion, neighborhood participation, and telephone interaction) with health outcomes (self-rated health, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)). Results showed that most social capital indicators remained significant for all health outcomes into very old age. Development of tools for individual and community interventions to ensure optimal fit between the aging individual and their environment is discussed, along with recommendations for enhancing social work theory and practice.
Dynamics of Interacting Tachyonic Teleparallel Dark Energy
Authors: Banijamali Ali
Published: June 2014

We consider a tachyon scalar field which is nonminimally coupled to gravity in the framework of teleparallel gravity. We analyze the phase-space of the model, known as tachyonic teleparallel dark energy, in the presence of an interaction between dark energy and background matter. We find that although there exist some late-time accelerated attractor solutions, there is no scaling attractor. So, unfortunately interacting tachyonic teleparallel dark energy cannot alleviate the coincidence problem.
Interplay of T Helper 17 Cells with CD4+CD25highFOXP3+Tregs in Regulation of Allergic Asthma in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Agarwal Amit , Singh Meenu , Chatterjee B. P. , Chauhan Anil , Chakraborti Anuradha
Published: June 2014

Background. There is evidence that Tregs are important to prevent allergic diseases like asthma but limited literature exists on role ofTH17cells in allergic diseases.Methods. Fifty children with asthma and respiratory allergy (study group) and twenty healthy children (control group) were recruited in this study. Total IgE levels and pulmonary function tests were assessed. The expression of Tregs and cytokines was determined by flow cytometry.Results. The average level of total IgE in study group (316.8 ± 189.8 IU/mL) was significantly higher than controls (50 ± 17.5 IU/mL,P<0.0001). The frequency ofTH17cells and culture supernatant level of IL-17 in study group (12.09 ± 8.67 pg/mL) was significantly higher than control group (2.01 ± 1.27 pg/mL,P<0.001). Alternatively, the frequency of FOXP3 level was significantly lower in study group [(49.00 ± 13.47)%] than in control group [(95.91 ± 2.63)%] and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+to CD4+CD25+ratio was also significantly decreased in study group [(6.33 ± 2.18)%] compared to control group [(38.61 ± 11.04)%]. The total serum IgE level is negatively correlated with FOXP3 level (r=-0.5273,P<0.0001). The FOXP3 expression is negatively correlated with the IL-17 levels (r=-0.5631,P<0.0001) and IL-4 levels (r=-0.2836,P=0.0460).Conclusions. Imbalance inTH17/Tregs, elevated IL-17, and IL-4 response and downregulation of FOXP3 were associated with allergic asthma.
Generalized Convex Functions on Fractal Sets and Two Related Inequalities
Authors: Mo Huixia , Sui Xin , Yu Dongyan
Published: June 2014

We introduce the generalized convex function on fractal setsRα  (0<α≤1)of real line numbers and study the properties of the generalized convex function. Based on these properties, we establish the generalized Jensen’s inequality and generalized Hermite-Hadamard's inequality. Furthermore, some applications are given.
Signal Waveform Detection with Statistical Automaton for Internet and Web Service Streaming
Authors: Tseng Kuo-Kun , Ji Yuzhu , Liu Yiming , Huang Nai-Lun , Zeng Fufu , Lin Fang-Ying
Published: June 2014

In recent years, many approaches have been suggested for Internet and web streaming detection. In this paper, we propose an approach to signal waveform detection for Internet and web streaming, with novel statistical automatons. The system records network connections over a period of time to form a signal waveform and compute suspicious characteristics of the waveform. Network streaming according to these selected waveform features by our newly designed Aho-Corasick (AC) automatons can be classified. We developed two versions, that is, basic AC and advanced AC-histogram waveform automata, and conducted comprehensive experimentation. The results confirm that our approach is feasible and suitable for deployment.
Quality of Life among Egyptian Patients with Upper and Lower Limb Amputation: Sex Differences
Authors: Mohammed Salwa A. , Shebl Amany M.
Published: June 2014

Background.Limb amputation is a life-changing event that can cause significant disruptions in many important areas of existence.Aim of this study.To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with limb amputation and identify the factors affecting the quality of life of patients with limb amputation among Egyptian patients.Research Design.It was a descriptive exploratory design.Setting.The study was conducted in Orthopedics and Surgical Department in Emergency Hospital at Mansoura University Hospitals.Sample.A sample of convenience of 100 adult male and female patients who met the inclusion criteria was included.Tools.(a) Structured interview questionnaire (SIQ) was used to collect personal data, (b) short form (36) health status questionnaires: this part was utilized to assess the quality of life among Egyptian patients with amputation.Results.The result of this study indicates that most participants experienced a change in the quality of life. There is a statistically significant difference between total QOL aspects and each of the following: age, gender, educational level, and type of work.Conclusion.Limb amputation tends to cause increased disability for those amputated patients. The age, gender, place of amputation, and marital status are found as statistically significant factors with physical component and psychological component.
Successive Vaccination and Difference in Immunity of a Delay SIR Model with a General Incidence Rate
Authors: Pei Yongzhen , Changguo Li , Wu Qianyong , Lv Yunfei
Published: June 2014

A delay SIR epidemic model with difference in immunity and successive vaccination is proposed to understand their effects on the disease spread. From theorems, it is obtained that the basic reproduction number governs the dynamic behavior of the system. The existence and stability of the possible equilibria are examined in terms of a certain threshold condition about the basic reproduction number. By use of new computational techniques for delay differential equations, we prove that the system is permanent. Our results indicate that the recovery rate and the vaccination rate are two factors for the dynamic behavior of the system. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the influence of the key parameters on the spread of the disease, to support the analytical conclusion, and to illustrate possible behavioral scenarios of the model.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Combination with a Symbrachydactyly: Initial Management and Long-Term Followup
Authors: Sanchez Tomas , Walder Daniel , Esenwein Philipp
Published: June 2014

A 68-year-old female patient presented with a rapidly growing, exulcerating tumor of the left hand in the area of a congenital symbrachydactyly at the digiti II and III. A biopsy of the tumor showed a squamous cell carcinoma. Further workup showed two suspicious axillar enhancements with no evidence of bony infiltration and no further metastasis. An amputation of the second and third ray of the left hand at the metacarpal level and additionally an axillar revision and lymph node dissection were performed and confirmed the suspicion of a squamous cell carcinoma, fortunately without affection of any lymph nodes. After 9 years the patient showed an excellent function of the left hand. Symbrachydactyly malformations and squamous cell carcinoma of the hand are both rare conditions. We could not find a reference that shows a common genetic condition to both and so far this is the first description of a squamous cell carcinoma in the region of a symbrachydactyly. It remains unclear whether our case is a coincidence of two rare independent diseases or there is a pathogenetic link between the malformation and the tumor on a genetic level.
Dynamics of a Stochastic SIS Epidemic Model with Saturated Incidence
Authors: Chen Can , Kang Yanmei
Published: June 2014

We introduce stochasticity into the SIS model with saturated incidence. The existence and uniqueness of the positive solution are proved by employing the Lyapunov analysis method. Then, we carry out a detailed analysis on both its almost sure exponential stability and itspth moment exponential stability, which indicates that thepth moment exponential stability implies the almost sure exponential stability. Additionally, the results show that the conditions for the disease to become extinct are much weaker than those in the corresponding deterministic model. The conditions for the persistence in the mean and the existence of a stationary distribution are also established. Finally, we derive the expressions for the mean and variance of the stationary distribution. Compared with the corresponding deterministic model, the threshold value for the disease to die out is affected by the half saturation constant. That is, increasing the saturation effect can reduce the disease transmission. Computer simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.
Constraints on Heavy Neutrino and SUSY Parameters Derived from the Study of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Authors: Neacsu Andrei , Stoica Sabin
Published: June 2014

New constraints on the lepton number violating (LNV) parameters are derived from the analysis of the neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay in the hypothesis that this process would occur through the exchange of heavy neutrinos and/or SUSY particles. For derivation, we use new values of both phase space factors (PSFs) and nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) calculated with numerical codes developed recently, as well as the most recent experimental lifetimes. The NMEs are computed with a shell model (ShM) code for 48Ca, 76Ge, and 82Senuclei, while at present similar ShM results are available only for the first nucleus. We compare our results with similar ones from literature, obtained with ShM, QRPA, and IBM-2 methods, and conclude that more results are needed for a relevant analysis on the validity of NMEs associated with these decay mechanisms.
Genetic Algorithm Based Hybrid Fuzzy System for Assessing Morningness
Authors: Biswas Animesh , Majumder Debasish
Published: June 2014

This paper describes a real life case example on the assessment process of morningness of individuals using genetic algorithm based hybrid fuzzy system. It is observed that physical and mental performance of human beings in different time slots of a day are majorly influenced by morningness orientation of those individuals. To measure the morningness of people various self-reported questionnaires were developed by different researchers in the past. Among them reduced version of Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire is mostly accepted. Almost all of the linguistic terms used in questionnaires are fuzzily defined. So, assessing them in crisp environments with their responses does not seem to be justifiable. Fuzzy approach based research works for assessing morningness of people are very few in the literature. In this paper, genetic algorithm is used to tune the parameters of a Mamdani fuzzy inference model to minimize error with their predicted outputs for assessing morningness of people.
Certain Integral Transform and Fractional Integral Formulas for the Generalized Gauss Hypergeometric Functions
Authors: Choi Junesang , Agarwal Praveen
Published: June 2014

A remarkably large number of integral transforms and fractional integral formulas involving various special functions have been investigated by many authors. Very recently, Agarwal gave some integral transforms and fractional integral formulas involving theFp(α,β)(·). In this sequel, using the same technique, we establish certain integral transforms and fractional integral formulas for the generalized Gauss hypergeometric functionsFp(α,β,m)(·). Some interesting special cases of our main results are also considered.
Richness and Cover of Nontimber Economic Plants along Altitude in Temperate Himalayan Forest-Use Types
Authors: Tariq Akash , Adnan Muhammad , AbdElsalam Naser M. , Fouad Hassan , Hussain Kamran , Ullah Riaz , Ullah Ahsan
Published: June 2014

Pakistani Himalaya stretches over a wide range of altitudinal gradients and supports high diversity of medicinal plants that are an important source for rural livelihood. Altitudinal effects on ground vegetation have already been indicated but ground vegetation is also under severe threat of grazing and over collection. The present study investigated the effect of altitude on medicinal plants abundance in both old-growth and derived woodland forests. Each of the five line transects was selected in old-growth and derived woodland forests. Each line transect consisted of four plots distributed at four altitudinal levels (2200, 2300, 2400, and 2500 m asl). Species richness under derived woodland had shown strong negative correlation (r=-0.95) with altitude while it was found to be nonsignificant under old-growth. Cover of most of the species such asVeronica laxa(r=-0.95,P≤0.05) had shown significant negative correlation with altitude under derived woodland. Cover abundance of some species likeValeriana jatamansiand Violacanescenshas also shown significant negative correlation under old-growth forest. Derived woodland can decrease the cover abundance of valuable medicinal plants towards extension at higher altitudes. Thus, protection of the derived woodland could serve as a tool for the improvement of rural livelihood and ecological restoration.
Canonical Least‐Squares Monte Carlo Valuation of American Options: Convergence and Empirical Pricing Analysis
Authors: Yu Xisheng , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2014

The paper by Liu (2010) introduces a method termed the canonical least‐squares Monte Carlo (CLM) which combines a martingale‐constrained entropy model and a least‐squares Monte Carlo algorithm to price American options. In this paper, we first provide the convergence results of CLM and numerically examine the convergence properties. Then, the comparative analysis is empirically conducted using a large sample of the S&P 100 Index (OEX) puts and IBM puts. The results on the convergence show that choosing the shifted Legendre polynomials with four regressors is more appropriate considering the pricing accuracy and the computational cost. With this choice, CLM method is empirically demonstrated to be superior to the benchmark methods of binominal tree and finite difference with historical volatilities.
Routing Optimization of Intelligent Vehicle in Automated Warehouse
Authors: Zhou Yan-cong , Dong Yong-feng , Xia Hong-mei , Gu Jun-hua
Published: June 2014

Routing optimization is a key technology in the intelligent warehouse logistics. In order to get an optimal route for warehouse intelligent vehicle, routing optimization in complex global dynamic environment is studied. A new evolutionary ant colony algorithm based on RFID and knowledge-refinement is proposed. The new algorithm gets environmental information timely through the RFID technology and updates the environment map at the same time. It adopts elite ant kept, fallback, and pheromones limitation adjustment strategy. The current optimal route in population space is optimized based on experiential knowledge. The experimental results show that the new algorithm has higher convergence speed and can jump out the U-type or V-type obstacle traps easily. It can also find the global optimal route or approximate optimal one with higher probability in the complex dynamic environment. The new algorithm is proved feasible and effective by simulation results.
Otsu Based Optimal Multilevel Image Thresholding Using Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Sri Madhava Raja N. , Rajinikanth V. , Latha K.
Published: June 2014

Histogram based multilevel thresholding approach is proposed using Brownian distribution (BD) guided firefly algorithm (FA). A bounded search technique is also presented to improve the optimization accuracy with lesser search iterations. Otsu’s between-class variance function is maximized to obtain optimal threshold level for gray scale images. The performances of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated by considering twelve benchmark images and are compared with the existing FA algorithms such as Lévy flight (LF) guided FA and random operator guided FA. The performance assessment comparison between the proposed and existing firefly algorithms is carried using prevailing parameters such as objective function, standard deviation, peak-to-signal ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM) index, and search time of CPU. The results show that BD guided FA provides better objective function, PSNR, and SSIM, whereas LF based FA provides faster convergence with relatively lower CPU time.
The Use of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Parameter Adjustments in CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Chen Shao-Hsien , Jehng Wern-Dare , Chen Yen-Sheng
Published: June 2014

This paper mainly covers a research intended to improve the circular accuracy of CNC machine tools and the adjustment and analysis of the main controller parameters applied to improve accuracy. In this study, controller analysis software was used to detect the adjustment status of the servo parameters of the feed axis. According to the FANUC parameter manual, the parameter address, frequency, response measurements, and the one‐fourth corner acceleration and deceleration measurements of the machine tools were adjusted. The experimental design (DOE) was adopted in this study for taking circular measurements and engaging in the planning and selection of important parameter data. The Minitab R15 software was adopted to predict the experimental data analysis, while the seminormal probability map, Plato, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were adopted to determine the impacts of the significant parameter factors and the interactions among them. Additionally, based on the response surface map and contour plot, the optimal values were obtained. In addition, comparison and verification were conducted through the Taguchi method, regression analysis to improved machining accuracy and efficiency. The unadjusted error was 7.8 μm; through the regression analysis method, the error was 5.8 μm and through the Taguchi analysis method, the error was 6.4 μm.
An Analytical Study of the Impact of Arbitrary Receive Antenna Correlation in TAS/MRC
Authors: Peña-Martín Juan P. , Romero-Jerez Juan M.
Published: June 2014

Novel closed-form expressions are derived for the performance analysis of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in Rayleigh fading using transmit antenna selection (TAS) at the transmitter and maximal ratio combining (MRC) at the receiver. Receive antennas are assumed to be arbitrarily correlated, as no restriction is imposed on the correlation matrix. General exact and asymptotic expressions to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) of different modulation schemes are presented for uncoded transmission, and a closed-form expression is presented for the channel capacity. It is demonstrated that channel capacity may improve due to correlation at the receive antennas if the transmit array size is large enough as a result of a higher signal variability and the antenna selection performed at the transmitter. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to validate the analysis, showing an excellent agreement with the theoretical results.
Strong Convergence Theorems for Common Fixed Points of an Infinite Family of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Wang Yuanheng
Published: June 2014

In the framework of a real Banach space with uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm, some new viscosity iterative sequences{xn}are introduced for an infinite family of asymptotically nonexpansive mappingsTii=1∞in this paper. Under some appropriate conditions, we prove that the iterative sequences{xn}converge strongly to a common fixed point of the mappingsTii=1∞, which is also a solution of a variational inequality. Our results extend and improve some recent results of other authors.
A New Classification Approach Based on Multiple Classification Rules
Authors: Zhou Zhongmei
Published: June 2014

A good classifier can correctly predict new data for which the class label is unknown, so it is important to construct a high accuracy classifier. Hence, classification techniques are much useful in ubiquitous computing. Associative classification achieves higher classification accuracy than some traditional rule‐based classification approaches. However, the approach also has two major deficiencies. First, it generates a very large number of association classification rules, especially when the minimum support is set to be low. It is difficult to select a high quality rule set for classification. Second, the accuracy of associative classification depends on the setting of the minimum support and the minimum confidence. In comparison with associative classification, some improved traditional rule‐based classification approaches often produce a classification rule set that plays an important role in prediction. Thus, some improved traditional rule‐based classification approaches not only achieve better efficiency than associative classification but also get higher accuracy. In this paper, we put forward a new classification approach called CMR (classification based on multiple classification rules). CMR combines the advantages of both associative classification and rule‐based classification. Our experimental results show that CMR gets higher accuracy than some traditional rule‐based classification methods.
On the Equivalence of B-Rigidity and C-Rigidity for Quasitoric Manifolds
Authors: Kim Jin Hong
Published: June 2014

For quasitoric manifolds and moment-angle complexes which are central objects recently much studied in toric topology, there are several important notions of rigidity formulated in terms of cohomology rings. The aim of this paper is to show that, among other things, Buchstaber-rigidity (or B-rigidity) is equivalent to cohomological-rigidity (or C-rigidity) for simple convex polytopes supporting quasitoric manifolds.
Synthesis of Nanocrystalline MgO Particles by Combustion Followed by Annealing Method Using Hexamine as a Fuel
Authors: Balamurugan S. , Ashna L. , Parthiban P.
Published: June 2014

In this work, nanocrystalline MgO particles were prepared through combustion method using magnesium nitrate as oxidizer and hexamine as a fuel. The materials obtained by combustion method were subsequently annealed at800°Cfor 3 h to improve the crystallinity and phase purity. The obtained MgO nanomaterials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cubic crystal structure with lattice parameter,a= 0.4210(4) nm with average crystalline size of 22 nm, is obtained for the nano-MgO particles. The PL emission spectrum of nanocrystalline MgO materials exhibits three emission peaks at 432, 465, and 495 nm which are due to various structural defects. The SEM results expose the fact that the MgO nanomaterials are seemingly porous and highly agglomerated with fine particles. Owing to the higher reflectance of prepared nanocrystalline MgO, it can be used as NIR reflective pigments. The present results prove that the combustion technique using hexamine can produce the materials with high crystallinity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of nanocrystalline MgO materials by combustion method using hexamine as a fuel.
Hydraulic Fracture Extending into Network in Shale: Reviewing Influence Factors and Their Mechanism
Authors: Ren Lan , Zhao Jinzhou , Hu Yongquan
Published: June 2014

Hydraulic fracture in shale reservoir presents complex network propagation, which has essential difference with traditional plane biwing fracture at forming mechanism. Based on the research results of experiments, field fracturing practice, theory analysis, and numerical simulation, the influence factors and their mechanism of hydraulic fracture extending into network in shale have been systematically analyzed and discussed. Research results show that the fracture propagation in shale reservoir is influenced by the geological and the engineering factors, which includes rock mineral composition, rock mechanical properties, horizontal stress field, natural fractures, treating net pressure, fracturing fluid viscosity, and fracturing scale. This study has important theoretical value and practical significance to understand fracture network propagation mechanism in shale reservoir and contributes to improving the science and efficiency of shale reservoir fracturing design.
Massive MIMO Channel Models: A Survey
Authors: Zheng Kan , Ou Suling , Yin Xuefeng
Published: June 2014

The exponential traffic growth of wireless communication networks gives rise to both the insufficient network capacity and excessive carbon emissions. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can improve the spectrum efficiency (SE) together with the energy efficiency (EE) and has been regarded as a promising technique for the next generation wireless communication networks. Channel model reflects the propagation characteristics of signals in radio environments and is very essential for evaluating the performances of wireless communication systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the state of the art in channel models of massive MIMO. First, the antenna array configurations are presented and classified, which directly affect the channel models and system performance. Then, measurement results are given in order to reflect the main properties of massive MIMO channels. Based on these properties, the channel models of massive MIMO are studied with different antenna array configurations, which can be used for both theoretical analysis and practical evaluation.
Existence and Global Exponential Stability of Almost Periodic Solutions for a Class of Delay Duffing Equations on Time Scales
Authors: Yang Li , Li Yongkun
Published: June 2014

Based on the exponential dichotomy of linear dynamic equations on time scales, we obtain some sufficient conditions for the existence and global exponential stability of almost periodic solutions for a class of Duffing equations with time-varying delays on time scales. We also present numerical examples to show the feasibility of obtained results. The results of this paper are completely new even when the time scaleT=RorZand are complementary to the previously known results.
A Modified Technique Reduced Operative Time of Laparoendoscopic Rendezvous Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Combined with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Concomitant Gallstone and Common Bile Ductal Stone
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Qunwei , Xiao Jing , Zhao Liying , Huang Jiangsheng , Tan Zhaohui , Li Pengfei
Published: June 2014

Laparoendoscopic rendezvous (LERV) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC+ERCP/LERV) are considered an optimal approach for concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones. The rendezvous technique is essential for the success of procedure. We applied two different LERV techniques, traditional technique and modified technique, in 60 consecutive cases from January 2011 to November 2012. 32 cases who underwent modified technique (group 1) from February 2012 to November 2012 were retrospectively compared to 28 cases (group 2) who underwent traditional technique from January 2011 to January 2012. There was no significant difference between two groups with respect to preoperative demographic features. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the procedure was successfully performed in 31 cases (96.9%) in group 1 and 24 cases (86.2%) in group 2. The mean operative time and time of endoscopic part were 82.6 ± 19.6 min and 26.5 ± 5.99 min in group 1 which were significantly shorter than those in group 2 (118.0 ± 23.1 min and 58.7 ± 13.3 min, resp.). There was no postoperative pancreatitis and mortality in both groups. The mean hospital stay, blood loss, incidence of complications, and residual stone were of no difference in both groups. This study proved that this modified technique can effectively reduce the operative time and time of endoscopic part of LC+ERCP/LERV compared with traditional technique.
Adrenomedullin Deficiency and Aging Exacerbate Ischemic White Matter Injury after Prolonged Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Mice
Authors: Mitome-Mishima Yumiko , Miyamoto Nobukazu , Tanaka Ryota , Shimosawa Tatsuo , Oishi Hidenori , Arai Hajime , Hattori Nobutaka , Urabe Takao
Published: June 2014

Adrenomedullin was originally isolated from pheochromocytoma cells and reduces insulin resistance by decreasing oxidative stress. White matter lesions induced by aging and hyperglycemia play a crucial role in cognitive impairment in poststroke patients. Here, we examine whether adrenomedullin deficiency and aging exacerbate ischemic white matter injury after prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion. Adrenomedullin heterozygous, wild-type young/aged mice were subjected to prolonged hypoperfusion. Prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion followed by immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate white matter injury. After prolonged hypoperfusion, white matter damage progressed in a time-dependent manner in AM+/−group compared with the wild-type group. The number of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells gradually increased after prolonged hypoperfusion, whereas oligodendrocytes decreased following a transient increase, but the ratio of increase was mild in the AM+/−group(P<0.05). Oxidative stress was detected in oligodendrocytes, with a larger increase in the AM+/−group(P<0.05). Aged mice showed the same tendency, but white matter damage was worse, especially in the aged AM+/−group. Our results demonstrated that white matter injury was increased in adrenomedullin deficiency, which induced oxidative stress. White matter injury was more exacerbated because of hyperglycemia in aged AM+/−group. Adrenomedullin may be an important target in the control of ischemic white matter injury.
Wavelet-Galerkin Quasilinearization Method for Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Saeed Umer , Rehman Mujeeb ur
Published: June 2014

A numerical method is proposed by wavelet-Galerkin and quasilinearization approach for nonlinear boundary value problems. Quasilinearization technique is applied to linearize the nonlinear differential equation and then wavelet-Galerkin method is implemented to linearized differential equations. In each iteration of quasilinearization technique, solution is updated by wavelet-Galerkin method. In order to demonstrate the applicability of proposed method, we consider the various nonlinear boundary value problems.
Use of Time- and Frequency-Domain Approaches for Damage Detection in Civil Engineering Structures
Authors: Nguyen V. H. , Mahowald J. , Maas S. , Golinval J.-C.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this paper is to apply both time- and frequency-domain-based approaches on real-life civil engineering structures and to assess their capability for damage detection. The methodology is based on Principal Component Analysis of the Hankel matrix built from output-only measurements and of Frequency Response Functions. Damage detection is performed using the concept of subspace angles between a current (possibly damaged state) and a reference (undamaged) state. The first structure is the Champangshiehl Bridge located in Luxembourg. Several damage levels were intentionally created by cutting a growing number of prestressed tendons and vibration data were acquired by the University of Luxembourg for each damaged state. The second example consists in reinforced and prestressed concrete panels. Successive damages were introduced in the panels by loading heavy weights and by cutting steel wires. The illustrations show different consequences in damage identification by the considered techniques.
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Meteorological Drought in Shandong Province, China, from 1961 to 2008
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Hou Xiyong , Li Zhi , Wang Yuandong
Published: June 2014

Shandong province is located in the northern part of China and tends to be a drought-prone region. This study is dedicated to making a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the spatial patterns of drought frequency and its climate trend coefficient, drought grades, and temporal characteristics of drought coverage area, drought duration, and drought intensity from 1961 to 2008 by using the meteorological drought composite index (CI). The results indicated that the occurrence frequency of meteorological drought in Shandong province was generally high and some part of this region such as Jiaodong peninsula had suffered drought pressure with an evident ascending trend. The drought extent and influence were very severe in 1980s and 1990s but very slight in 1964; large-area drought mainly occurred after the 1970s and the yearly and seasonally interdecadal drought duration both showed a fluctuation of 10a periodic cycle approximately. Furthermore, the slight drought mainly appeared in the northwest and southwest while the other grades of drought exhibited much significant spatial and temporal variability. Besides, drought in spring was more serious than that in winter. This study is anticipated to support the mitigation of drought hazards and to improve the management practices of environment system in Shandong province.
Structural Dynamics Model Updating with Positive Definiteness and No Spillover
Authors: Yuan Yongxin
Published: June 2014

Model updating is a common method to improve the correlation between structural dynamics models and measured data. In conducting the updating, it is desirable to match only the measured spectral data without tampering with the other unmeasured and unknown eigeninformation in the original model (if so, the model is said to be updated with no spillover) and to maintain the positive definiteness of the coefficient matrices. In this paper, an efficient numerical method for updating mass and stiffness matrices simultaneously is presented. The method first updates the modal frequencies. Then, a method is presented to construct a transformation matrix and this matrix is used to correct the analytical eigenvectors so that the updated model is compatible with the measurement of the eigenvectors. The method can preserve both no spillover and the symmetric positive definiteness of the mass and stiffness matrices. The method is computationally efficient as neither iteration nor numerical optimization is required. The numerical example shows that the presented method is quite accurate and efficient.
Rho-GTPase Signalling in the Pathogenesis of Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Robins Richard , Takano Tomoko
Published: June 2014

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. The underlying causes of NS are diverse and are tied to inheritable and environmental factors. A common diagnostic marker for NS is effacement of podocyte foot processes. The formation and maintenance of foot processes are under the control of many signalling molecules including Rho-GTPases. Our knowledge of Rho-GTPases is based largely on the functions of three prototypic members: RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. In the event of podocyte injury, the rearrangement to the actin cytoskeleton is orchestrated largely by this family of proteins. The importance of maintaining proper actin dynamics in podocytes has led to much investigation as to how Rho-GTPases and their regulatory molecules form and maintain foot processes as a critical component of the kidney’s filtration barrier. Modern sequencing techniques have allowed for the identification of novel disease causing mutations in genes such asARHGDIA, encoding Rho-GDIα. Continued use of whole exome sequencing has the potential to lead to the identification of new mutations in genes encoding Rho-GTPases or their regulatory proteins. Expanding our knowledge of the dynamic regulation of the actin network by Rho-GTPases in podocytes will pave the way for effective therapeutic options for NS patients.
Number of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells and Expression of EZH2 Are Associated with VM Formation and Tumor Grade in Human Ovarian Tumor
Authors: Zhang Li , Ding Po , Lv Hongcheng , Zhang Dan , Liu Guang , Yang Zhengduo , Li Yan , Liu Jun , Zhang Shiwu
Published: June 2014

To investigate the associations among the number of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) and vasculogenic mimicry (VM), EZH2 expression, and serous ovarian tumor grade, a total of 80 paraffin-embedded serous ovarian tumor samples including 21 cases of primary carcinoma and their metastatic tumors, 26 cases of primary carcinoma without metastasis, and 12 cases of serous borderline cystadenoma were analyzed. PGCCs and VM were detected in human serous ovarian tumor. The metastatic foci of ovarian carcinoma had the highest number of PGCCs and VM. The number of PGCCs and VM increased with the grade of ovarian carcinomas. PGCCs generated erythrocytes via budding and together they formed VM. Tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts were positive for EZH2 immunohistochemical staining. The tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts in the metastatic foci had the highest staining index of EZH2 staining. Both tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts express EZH2 which then contributes to the malignant grade of serous ovarian tumor.
Novel Applications of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Digraphs in Decision Support Systems
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Ashraf Ather , Sarwar Mansoor
Published: June 2014

Many problems of practical interest can be modeled and solved by using graph algorithms. In general, graph theory has a wide range of applications in diverse fields. In this paper, the intuitionistic fuzzy organizational and neural network models, intuitionistic fuzzy neurons in medical diagnosis, intuitionistic fuzzy digraphs in vulnerability assessment of gas pipeline networks, and intuitionistic fuzzy digraphs in travel time are presented as examples of intuitionistic fuzzy digraphs in decision support system. We have also designed and implemented the algorithms for these decision support systems.
MHD Natural Convection with Convective Surface Boundary Condition over a Flat Plate
Authors: Rashidi Mohammad M. , Ferdows Mohammad , Parsa Amir Basiri , Abelman Shirley
Published: June 2014

We apply the one parameter continuous group method to investigate similarity solutions of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer flow of a steady viscous incompressible fluid over a flat plate. By using the one parameter group method, similarity transformations and corresponding similarity representations are presented. A convective boundary condition is applied instead of the usual boundary conditions of constant surface temperature or constant heat flux. In addition it is assumed that viscosity, thermal conductivity, and concentration diffusivity vary linearly. Our study indicates that a similarity solution is possible if the convective heat transfer related to the hot fluid on the lower surface of the plate is directly proportional to(x-)-1/2wherex-is the distance from the leading edge of the solid surface. Numerical solutions of the ordinary differential equations are obtained by the Keller Box method for different values of the controlling parameters associated with the problem.
Preliminary Characterization of Mitochondrial Genome ofMelipona scutellaris, a Brazilian Stingless Bee
Authors: Silverio Manuella Souza , Rodovalho Vinícius de Rezende , Bonetti Ana Maria , de Oliveira Guilherme Corrêa , Cuadros-Orellana Sara , Ueira-Vieira Carlos , Rodrigues dos Santos Anderson
Published: June 2014

Bees are manufacturers of relevant economical products and have a pollinator role fundamental to ecosystems. Traditionally, studies focused on the genusMeliponahave been mostly based on behavioral, and social organization and ecological aspects. Only recently the evolutionary history of this genus has been assessed using molecular markers, including mitochondrial genes. Even though these studies have shed light on the evolutionary history of theMeliponagenus, a more accurate picture may emerge when full nuclear and mitochondrial genomes ofMeliponaspecies become available. Here we present the assembly, annotation, and characterization of a draft mitochondrial genome of the Brazilian stingless beeMelipona scutellarisusingMelipona bicoloras a reference organism. Using Illumina MiSeq data, we achieved the annotation of all protein coding genes, as well as the genes for the two ribosomal subunits (16S and 12S) and transfer RNA genes as well. Using the COI sequence as a DNA barcode, we found thatM. cramptoniis the closest species toM. scutellaris.