bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promoting Potential of Strain Streptomyces sp. A537 isolated form Suaeda salsa non-rhizosphere soil
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Xiaoxia , Liang Zhenpu
Published: December 2024

Fusarium oxysporum is a serious pathogenic fungus that can cause peanut root rot, leading to reduced peanut yield, plant death, and severely hindering the development of agriculture and economy in peanut cultivation region. This study isolated a large number of bacterial strains from soil samples of wild plants such as Suaeda salsa, Tamarix, and Phragmites australis in the Aydingkol Lake area of Xinjiang, and evaluated their biocontrol and capability of promote plant growth. Finally, an actinomycete strain A537 was isolated and screened from the non-rhizosphere soil of Suaeda salsa. The sequencing results of 16s RNA indicate that A537 belongs to the genus Streptomyces. The plate confrontation assay showed that strain A537 has a wide antifungal spectrum and has certain antagonistic activities to various plant pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Diplodia gossypina, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium acuminatum, Verticillium dahlia, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum. In addition, in vitro evaluation of PGP traits showed that strain A537 has the capability of phosphate solubilization, IAA production, siderophore production, ACC deaminase production and cellulases production. Different concentrations of culture filtrate of strain A537 have a certain antagonistic activities on Fusarium oxysporum, with an inhibition rate of 76.54 ± 6.79%. The results indicate that strain Streptomyces sp. A537 has the potential for biological control and growth promotion, and can be used as a novel biocontrol agent against peanut root rot.
Probiotics Enhance FOLFOX Efficacy Via Gut Bacterial Tryptophan Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Deng Yufei , Hou Xiaoying , Chen Kailing , Shao Tong , Liu Yuchen
Published: December 2024

FOLFOX is the recommended regimen for CRC chemotherapy, but its response rate is limited. Our previous studies confirmed that intestinal microbiota is strongly associated with FOLFOX's anti-CRC effect, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of complex-probiotics on FOLFOX efficacy against CRC based on microbiome and metabolomics analysis. We found that probiotics enhanced FOLFOX's anticancer activity, greatly changed the distribution of gut microbiota and metabolic activity of tumor-bearing mice. Further analysis revealed that level of gut bacterial tryptophan metabolism was significantly correlated with pharmacodynamic indexes of FOLFOX, demonstrating that probiotics may enhance FOLFOX efficacy through gut microbiota tryptophan metabolism. This study provides novel insights as well as potential synergistic strategy of FOLFOX in clinical CRC treatment.
Utilization of Ten Carbohydrates in Bacteria
Authors: Li Donghui , Yan Shigan , Liu Zhenhai , Dong Xiaorui , Zhao Chen
Published: December 2024

Microorganisms are widely distributed in the environment, with abundant species and diverse metabolic capacities. Carbon source utilization abilities are among the most widely assayed phenotypes for microorganisms. So far, the comparison of carbon source utilization abilities is limited to very small groups of microorganisms. There is a lack of large-scale comparison of carbon source utilization abilities at different taxonomic levels. To address this issue, the utilization abilities towards ten carbohydrates, including D- glucose, maltose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-fructose, D-galactose, cellobiose, and lactose, were compared for 9,043 bacterial species from 20 phyla. Firstly, the data (phenotype) on the utilization abilities of ten carbohydrates were collected from the journal International Journal of Systematic of Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM). Then, the utilization abilities were compared at different taxonomic levels. Lastly, the phenotype results of the pathogenic genus Brucella were presented. This study provides new insights into the carbohydrate utilization abilities of bacteria and provides new data on the diverse metabolic capacities for different taxonomic groups.
Development of a colloidal gold immunoassay based on monoclonal antibody for tomato spotted wilt disease
Authors: Wang Chunqiong , Zhu Dan , Sun Haowei , Meng Hongming , Cai Jieyun , Zhang Ke , Zhang Xiaowei , Long Jie , Meng Hongming , Liu Kai , Chen Dan
Published: December 2024

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a bacterial virus that seriously harms the growth of tobacco. In order to realize the rapid detection of TSWV, monoclonal antibody to TSWV-NP protein was prepared and characterized, and colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips were established that can be used to detect TSWV. In this study, the monoclonal antibody to TSWV-NP protein was labeled with colloidal gold, and the reaction conditions were optimized to establish a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip assay, and the detectability, accuracy, and specificity of the test strip were evaluated. The detection limit of the test strip for TSWV-NP protein was 0.1 μg/mL, and there was no cross-reactivity with tobacco bunchy top virus, potato Y virus, and tobacco mosaic virus, which had excellent specificity. The results of the colloidal gold test strip and the RT-PCR result method were compared with the actual samples, and the total conformity rate of the two was 95%, and the positive conformity rate was 93.3%.
Changes of Antioxidant Activity and Physicochemical Components before and after Mixed Microbial Fermentation
Authors: Zhao Yumeng
Published: December 2024

Mixed microorganisms are the main strains to produce probiotics, and at present, the evaluation of probiotic function of mixed microorganisms is mostly focused on living bacteria, in view of the gradual decrease in the number of living bacteria in the process of production and storage, attention has been paid to the development of metabiotics including dead bacteria and their metabolites. However, there are few studies on how to improve the probiotic function after fermentation. In this paper, free radical scavenging experiment and NCM460 oxidative damage model of intestinal epithelial cells were used to evaluate in detail the antioxidant capacity of five mixed microorganisms and their descendants, to screen Lactobacillus plantarum with excellent antioxidant activity and to mine its functional genes, and to study the enhancement of antioxidation ability of this strain in different culture methods. Finally, the alleviating effect of highly active Lactobacillus plantarum on intestinal oxidative damage and the protective effect of epidermal cell barrier were discussed in order to provide a basis for the application and development of mixed microbial epigenetics.
Research Progress of Nanoparticles in The Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer
Authors: Song Xinzhe , Wang Haozhuo , Xia Wenpin , Chen Zihao , Song Yulu , Miao Mohan , Li Yixuan , Jin Mengyuan , Li Hongcui
Published: December 2024

High death of liver cancer, early diagnosis and treatment is important. Nanotechnology advantage of nanoparticles on liver cancer detection, imaging and drug delivery has huge potential. This review summarizes the application of inorganic and organic nanoparticles in improving diagnosis, precision drug delivery, and enhancing efficacy, and explores new therapies with low side effects, such as mild magnetic heating therapy, to open up a new path for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
Optimization Strategy of Specific Knockout of Key POX3 Gene in Γ-Decalactone Metabolism of Yarrowia Lipolytica
Authors: Zhang Yudie
Published: December 2024

As an important spice raw material, γ-decalactone is widely used in the food industry. Six peroxisome acyl-CoA oxidases (POX) are rate-limiting enzymes for γ-decalactone metabolism in Yarrowia lipolytica. However, there are many unsolved problems in the function of each member of this family, which limits the strain optimization and the industrial production capacity efficiency of γ-decalactone. In this study, based on the conservation analysis of the ORF and Flanking sequences of POX1-POX6, the gene knockout verification primers with high specificity were designed based on the Cre / LoxP system. Based on the CRISPR / Cas9 system, two target sites with high specificity were screened to achieve specific knockout of the POX3 gene which is in Yarrowia lipolytica, aiming to explore the function of POX3 and subsequently refine the production process of γ-decalactone. The results of this study provide a new genetic engineering design idea for the microbial production capacity of γ-decalactone, deeply reveal the function of the POX gene family, help optimize the production efficiency of γ-decalactone, and lay a theoretical foundation for industrial application.
Study on The Effect of Bacillus Subtilis on The Fungal Community of Fresh Cut Yam
Authors: Zhou Jing , Chang Xiguang , Liu Jianxin , Yang Xiaofei , Zhang Hongru , Chen Xiangning
Published: December 2024

Upon peeling and cutting, the tissue structure of fresh-cut yam undergoes damage, leading to tissue rupture, nutrient outflow, and subsequent microbial infection and deterioration. To enhance the storage quality of fresh-cut yam, this study employed the microbial antagonist Bacillus subtilis (CL) as a treatment. Untreated fresh-cut yam served as a blank control. The impact of CL on the total mold and yeast counts of fresh-cut yam during storage was investigated under cold storage conditions. High-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to analyze the microbial community composition and diversity of fresh-cut yam throughout its storage period. The findings indicated that CL exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Penicillium rotundum during fresh-cut yam storage. This research elucidates the storage and preservation benefits of microbial antagonism in fresh-cut yam, offering a theoretical foundation for its microbial antagonism.
Advances in Research on Ubiquitin Modification and Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Zhangrui
Published: December 2024

Ubiquitination, as a classic protein post-translational modification, plays a key role in maintaining protein homeostasis. Protein ubiquitination is a constantly changing and reversible process. Deubiquitination refers to the specific removal of ubiquitin from substrate proteins, which, along with ubiquitin modification, collectively participate in the regulation of almost cellular functions within organisms. Irregularities in protein production, breakdown, and post-translational changes can contribute to the development of various diseases, such as cancer. The paper analyzed the mechanism and function of ubiquitination, including both polyubiquitination and monoubiquitination. The mechanism of deubiquitination was introduced as well. This review explores their implications in cancer, and the potential for targeting these processes in cancer therapy. Furthermore, the paper provides an overview of small molecule inhibitors (USP family) targeting deubiquitinating enzymes that could serve as drug targets in cancer. Finally, the recent research on the role of deubiquitinating enzymes in tumors was summarized, aiming to pave the way for precision medicine, new therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Development of a duplex ddPCR assay for detection of the endangered European eels in the diet of the invasive European catfish
Authors: Castagné Paul , Martignac François , Santoul Frédéric , Blanchet Simon , Loot Géraldine
Published: December 2024

Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) is an emerging and affordable method already applied to different fields and can now be used to enhance the detection of new species using DNA samples. It could be particularly useful for detecting prey DNA in stomach content or faeces of predators, which is often challenging using traditional methods. Here, we develop a ddPCR assay to detect predation events of a native endangered fish species, the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from stomach content of an invasive predator, the catfish (Silurus glanis). We demonstrated that this technique presents a very high sensitivity (limit of detection of eel DNA in vitro: 1.5 * 10−3 ng/μL), a good linearity and reproducibility. Then, ddPCR allowed us to identify the presence of eel DNA in the stomach contents of 7 catfish out of the 32 catfish specimens we analyzed, whereas the traditional morphological identification approach detected only one predation event. This method could contribute to a more precise understanding of trophic interactions between prey and predators.
Active vibration control of a cable-driven parallel robot using active rods
Authors: Lacaze Florian , Delpoux Romain , Remond Didier , Chesne Simon
Published: December 2024

This study deals with the integration of two active rods on a cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) to control its vibrations. Three control laws derived from Integral Force Feedback (IFF) are proposed and compared analytically using a dynamic CDPR model: αβ-IFF, IFF with filters and IFF with positive proportional feedback (PIFF). A prototype was set up to test the performance of the active rods. A parametric study was then carried out on this prototype to choose the best control law and optimise its parameters. The use of only two active rods over eight driven cables allowed reducing the vibration levels over the six modes of the robot.
Deepening the cognition of ultrasonic vibration's role on plastic deformation of 2219 aluminum alloy tube during ultrasonic surface rolling process
Authors: Zhang YuanQi , Zhan Mei , Fan XiaoGuang
Published: December 2024

This work aims to enhance the comprehension of the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the plastic deformation of 2219 aluminum alloy during ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP). To this end, the finite element (FE) model of 2219 aluminum alloy surface rolling with and without ultrasonic vibration were established to explore whether ultrasonic vibration has effect on the plastic deformation. Furthermore, by comparing the plastic strain and the thickness of plastic deformation layer under different static force and dynamic impact force values, their contributions were discussed. The results show that for the thickness of plastic deformation layer, the effect of ultrasonic vibration is infinitesimal. The reason why the simulation result (∼2.6%) is smaller than the experiment result (∼5.8%) may be the influence of temperature and friction. According to simulation results, when static force is increased by 47.5% (from 400 N to 590 N), to obtain the same plastic strain or plastic deformation layer, the dynamic impact force needs to be lifted by about 17 times, 25 times, respectively. The contribution ratio of dynamic impact force to the thickness of plastic deformation layer is ∼5.5%, which is far less than that of static force. Therefore, the static force dominates the plastic deformation during USRP.
Prise en charge d’une plaie sinusale et des os de la face chez le cheval
Authors: Robert Mickaël , Manneveau Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Les traumatismes de la face sont fréquents chez le cheval.
Alors que les plaies cutanées ne nécessitent en général que des sutures superficielles, les fractures des os de la face sont souvent ouvertes, comminutives et en dépression, et requièrent davantage d’attention.
Après un examen clinique complet et des examens d’imagerie (radiographie, échographie, scanner si besoin), le traitement vise à maintenir la perméabilité des voies respiratoires et du canal naso-lacrymal, à prévenir d’éventuelles lésions oculaires et à sauvegarder l’esthétique du cheval.

Ces fractures doivent ainsi être réduites et stabilisées au moyen de sutures, cerclages ou de matériel d’ostéosynthèse plus élaboré.
Le pronostic est généralement bon à excellent pour autant que les yeux et le système nerveux central ne sont pas touchés.
La toxicité des mycotoxines chez les équidés
Authors: Bailly Jean-Denis
Published: December 2024

L’alimentation des équidés utilise des matières premières variées qui peuvent représenter des sources d’exposition des animaux aux mycotoxines. Les données disponibles concernant l’impact des nombreuses mycotoxines connues sur la santé des équidés sont limitées, en partie à cause de la très grande difficulté de réaliser des reproductions expérimentales dans cette espèce.

Néanmoins, en pratique, deux groupes de toxines doivent faire l’objet d’une attention particulière.

Les fumonisines, toxines produites par des espèces fongiques du genre Fusarium, peuvent contaminer les maïs et les produits dérivés. Ces toxines sont responsables de l’apparition chez les chevaux de leucoencéphalomalacie d’évolution mortelle.

Ces toxines font l’objet de recommandations spécifiques en alimentation des équidés afin de tenir compte de la grande sensibilité de cette espèce animale.

Des mycotoxines puissantes peuvent aussi contaminer les fourrages secs. C’est le cas des toxines produites par Stachybotrys chartarum qui peut se développer en cas de réhumidification pendant le stockage. Ces toxines peuvent entraîner la mort rapide des animaux, sans signe avant-coureur.

Les symptômes les plus classiques de l’intoxication sont l’apparition de lésions cutanéo-muqueuses au niveau de la tête des animaux ainsi, au plan biochimique, qu’une élévation des créatines kinases. Pour ces deux toxines, il n’existe pas de traitement spécifique.
Il convient donc de prévenir l’exposition des animaux en contrôlant la qualité des aliments distribués.
Les endométrites infectieuses post-saillies et infectieuses
chez la jument
Authors: Tibary Ahmed , Pearson Lisa K.
Published: December 2024

Les endométrites sont fréquentes en gynécologie équine. Cet article présente les mécanismes physiopathologies et les causes des endométrites post-saillie et infectieuses, leur diagnostic, leur traitement et comment les prévenir.

Les facteurs prédisposant incluent les défauts anatomiques ainsi que les perturbations immunologiques et hormonales. L’approche diagnostique est en général fondée sur l’examen gynécologique et une échographie génitale, une analyse cytologique et bactériologique des écouvillons utérins.

L’approche thérapeutique des infections utérines repose sur l’évacuation de tout le contenu de la cavité utérine par lavage et par administration d’une antibiothérapie ciblée soit en intra-utérine soit par voie générale. La prévention des endométrites chez les juments prédisposées repose sur une réduction de la réaction inflammatoire après saillie ou après insémination.
Les endométrites dégénératives ou endométroses chez la jument
Authors: Tibary Ahmed , Pearson Lisa K.
Published: December 2024

L’endométrite chronique dégénérative ou endométrose représente une affection importante en médecine de la reproduction équine.

Les changements qui surviennent au niveau de l’endomètre se caractérisent par le développement de fibrose et des modifications dans l’expression de certaines protéines très importantes pour le développement embryonnaire (l’utéroglobuline, l’utércaline, l’utéroferrine et la calbindine D9kl).

Ces modifications contribuent aux pertes de gestation observées au moment de la placentation.

Cet article présente une synthèse de nos connaissances sur les facteurs de risque, la pathogénie et le diagnostic de l’endométrose chez la jument.
Robust Optimization for Supply Chain with Routing Problem: A Learning-based Approach
Authors: Talebi Hami , Khalaj Mehran , Jafari Davood , Mousavi Ahranjani Parisa , Hossein Kamali Dolatabadi Amir
Published: December 2024

Effective supply chain management is crucial for businesses to remain competitive in today's dynamic market. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of integrated approaches that simultaneously address resource allocation, routing, and delivery scheduling under uncertain conditions. This study develops a hybrid framework that combines robust optimization, simulated annealing, and reinforcement learning to enhance supply chain operations in complex networks involving fixed suppliers, distribution centers, and customers. Empirical results from rigorous testing demonstrate significant efficiency improvements and adaptability across diverse scenarios. A real-world case study from the logistics sector highlights the practical benefits, achieving notable cost savings and operational robustness. Sensitivity analysis further underscores the model’s capability to adapt to parameter variations. These findings emphasize the value of incorporating learning-based strategies into supply chain optimization, offering a powerful tool for organizations to address uncertainty and enhance decision-making efficiency.
Lattice parameters and thermal expansion of solid orthodeuterium
Authors: Krupskiĭ I. N. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Shcherbakov G. N.
Published: December 2024

X-ray studies have been carried out of the lattice parameters, molar volume, and thermal expansion coefficient of solid orthodeuterium in the range from 2 K to the melting temperature of the crystal. It was found that near the melting temperature the thermal expansion of orthodeuterium, as of parahydrogen, is essentially anisotropic. The vacancy concentration at the triple point is estimated. Some thermodynamic characteristics of orthodeuterium have been calculated and the temperature dependence of the heat capacity at constant volume, of the isothermal compressibility and of the Griineisen parameter are analyzed.
Stability conditions for a strongly anisotropic crystal at low temperatures
Authors: Bercha D. M. , Mar’yan M. I.
Published: December 2024

Using a self-consistent phonon technique within a pseudoharmonic approximation, we have analyzed the mechanism for phase transformations and the conditions for stability of anharmonic crystal structures of chain construction at low temperatures. Beginning from the nature of the potential energy surface of the interatomic interaction for strongly anisotropic materials it is shown that for chain crystals which exhibit a small binding energy between the structural units and which are characterized by a significant low temperature anharmonicity of the atomic vibrations along the directions of the molecular bonds, a loss of dynamic stability in the lattice is possible as a consequence of the softening of a frequency associated with the vibrations of the chains as a single unit. This specific loss of stability demonstrates that a phase transformation can occur in strongly anisotropic crystals at which the structural change is predominantly in the direction perpendicular to the chains. The temperature at which the loss of dynamic stability in the crystal occurs is studied as a function of lattice anisotropy η and of the binding parameter g between the atoms of neighboring chains. It is shown that the presence of bending vibrations in the crystal leads to a distinctive dependence of the instability temperature on the interchain bond parameter in comparison with that typical of three-dimensional materials: over the temperature interval kBT ≪ η2Θ (where Θ is the Debye temperature of the chain) the reduced temperature at which stability is lost is Tc∗=kBT/Θ∼g1/4; in the temperature interval η2Θ ≪ kBT ≪ ηΘ, it is Tc∗∼g2/7; and in the temperature interval ηΘ ≪ kBT ≪ Θ it is Tc∗∼g2/3. We consider as well the temperature anomalies in the mean square displacements of the atoms along the chains and normal to them due to the bending vibrations.
Nonlinear absorption of the electromagnetic field in a superconductor at low temperatures
Authors: Dolinskiĭ Yu. L.
Published: December 2024

An equation describing the scattering of particles in a superconductor in a spatially one-dimensional electromagnetic field is obtained. Based on this equation the problem of the nonlinear thermal absorption of the energy of the electromagnetic field at low temperatures (T <Δ) and the problem of the nonlinear single-quantum threshold absorption with ω ≃2Δ are examined. The general nature of the absorption of the energy of the electromagnetic field at low temperatures is analyzed.
Investigation of pinning in single crystals of TaNb alloys with a low critical current density
Authors: Chigvinadze Dzh. G.
Published: December 2024

Pinning is investigated by the standard current method in single-crystal type-II superconductors. The effect of surface and bulk defects is studied as is also the pinning anisotropy in a deformed Ta70Nb30 single crystal. The results are compared with data obtained by the mechanical method of investigating pinning. The mechanical and current measurements of the pinning strength are found to be in fair agreement.
Damping of a surface electromagnetic wave in a metal with a rough boundary
Authors: Gabashvili A. A. , Kaner É. A. , Krokhin A. A.
Published: December 2024

The damping of a surface TE wave as a result of the scattering of conduction electrons by irregularities of the boundary of a metal sample is investigated theoretically. The damping factor of the wave is analyzed as a function of the roughness scales, the constant magnetic field, and the parameters of the wave spectrum.
Nonequilibrium phenomena in superconductors with single-particle tunneling in the presence of an ac voltage on the tunnel junction
Authors: Seminozhenko V. P. , Shafranyuk S. E.
Published: December 2024

The kinetic equations and the equations of self-consistency, describing the nonequilibrium states of electronic excitations in a tunnel junction on which a high-frequency oscillating voltage is applied, are obtained. It is shown that the nonequilibrium values of the energy gaps are determined by the nonequilibrium states arising in the electronic subsystem (due to “real” transitions of electrons through the tunnelling barrier), as well as, to a large extent, by the renormalization of the quasiparticle spectrum, due to “virtual” transitions under the action of the ac voltage.
Residual electrical resistivity of high-purity metals
Authors: Aleksandrov B. N.
Published: December 2024

We have selected the lowest values of δ0 = ρ0/ρ293 from the known literature for all metals except the rare earths. We find that 20 metals can be considered as being of high purity in terms of the value of δ0, while the following 16 metals are the dirtiest: Rb, Ca, Sr, Ba, Hf, As, Mn, Cr, Co, Sc, Y, Tc, Th, U, Pu, Np. It is shown that the high-purity values of δ4.2 for Hg, Ga, In, Cs, and Tl are not characteristic of their “electronic” purity; it is necessary to make the measurements at still lower temperatures (0.5–1.5 K). We compute the value of the ideal resistance δ (4.2) for 28 metals at T = 4.2 K and estimate the magnitude of the residual temperature. We establish the relationship between δ(4.2) and ΘD and the electronic specific heat for both transition and nontransition metals. We also find a precise value for δ0 for high-purity Pb.
Point-contact spectra and the electron–phonon interaction function of osmium
Authors: Khotkevich A. V. , Elenskii V. A. , Kovtun G. P. , Yanson I. K.
Published: December 2024

Point-contact spectroscopy has been used to study the electron–phonon interaction in osmium. Measurements were made of the second derivative of the current-voltage characteristics for point contacts in osmium, and the energy dependence of the point-contact electron–phonon interaction function has been determined (this function is the transport version of the isotropic Éliashberg electron–phonon interaction function). The free electron approximation was used to evaluate the absolute values of the point-contact electron–phonon interaction function and the electron–phonon interaction integral parameter for osmium. We discuss the possible shape of the Éliashberg electron–phonon interaction function and the density of phonon states.
Low-temperature thermal conductivity of the layered crystal CsDy(MoO4)2
Authors: Anders É. E. , Volchok I. V. , Zvyagin A. I. , Startsev S. V.
Published: December 2024

The thermal conductivity of the layered crystal CsDy(MoO4)2 has been studied experimentally in a direction parallel to the plane of the layers, along the crystallographic b axis in the temperature range 2−90 K. Some specific features of the temperature dependence of the specimen’s conductivity on increasing the temperature were revealed: a sharp suppression of the phonon heat transport in the vicinity of the first-order phase transition with Tc = 42.03 K and the maintenance of a constant thermal conductivity up to 90 K. It is suggested that the results obtained are associated with additional mechanisms for phonon scattering arising above Tc: by defects, represented by the paramagnetic dysprosium ions and also by structural inhomogeneities.
Determination of the coefficient of mutual friction B by the method of an oscillating stack of cylinders in superfluid helium
Authors: Nadirashvili Z. Sh. , Tsakadze Dzh. S.
Published: December 2024

The temperature dependence of the coefficient of mutual friction is measured. The law B ∼ (Tλ − T)−1/3 is confirmed near the λ point. The technique of investigating the mutual friction under conditions when the normal component is entirely entrained into oscillations of the solid surface, while its vortices are not entrained, which may be characteristic for experiments in He3, is tested.
Energy level shifts in the Ce3+ ion in lanthanum ethylsulfate under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Krygin I. M. , Lukin S. N. , Prokhorov A. D.
Published: December 2024

We have studied the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the splitting Δ of two Kramers doublets of the Ce3+ ion in lanthanum ethylsulfate. The rate of change of the initial splitting ∂Δ/∂P = −2.8 cm−1/kbar is significantly larger than in yttrium and europium ethylsulfate, due to the difference in the ionic radii of the impurity and substituted ions.
Features in the temperature dependence of the resistivity and the critical parameters of the superconducting state in HxNbSe2
Authors: Obolenskiĭ M. A. , Beletskiĭ V. I. , Chashka Kh. B. , Basteev A. V. , Minenko E. V.
Published: December 2024

The temperature dependence of the resistivity and angular dependence of the magnitude of the second critical field Hc2 in single crystals of the layered superconductor NbSe2, intercalated with hydrogen, was investigated experimentally. At hydrogen concentrations of 0.13, 0.66, and 1.0 at.%, the temperature dependence of the resistivity exhibits features that are apparently related to the formation of hydrogen-containing clusters in the NbSe2 matrix. Modulation caused by the formation of a superlattice of hydrogen-containing clusters was observed in the angular and temperature dependences of the field Hc2. The data obtained by the measurements are compared to the results obtained on the basis of a model that uses solutions of the Ginzburg–Landau equations with anisotropic masses and takes into account the superlattice.
Nonlinear excitations in a semi-infinite spin chain
Authors: Gochev I. G.
Published: December 2024

Nonlinear excitations, localized near the end of a semi-infinite chain, are found. After quasiclassical quantization, the energy obtained is compared with the energy of the spin complex.
Effects of a fluctuating electron–electron interaction in disordered indium films
Authors: Belevtsev B. I. , Komnik Yu. F. , Fomin A. V.
Published: December 2024

We have measured the temperature and perpendicular magnetic field dependence of the resistance of superconducting indium films deposited in a hydrogen atmosphere on a substrate cooled to about 5 K. The film behavior is well described by the weak localization and electron–electron interaction theories for disordered two-dimensional systems. This enables us to find the characteristic times for relaxation of the phase and spin of the electrons. Most attention is focused on isolating the predicted quantum corrections to the conductivity due to the fluctuating electron–electron interaction in the Cooper interaction channel. This channel consists of Cooper corrections, related to changes in the density of electronic states, and the Maki–Thompson corrections, caused by electron interactions with superconducting fluctuations. We demonstrate that the temperature and field dependences of these corrections correspond to the theoretical predictions.
InGaN-based blue and red micro-LEDs: Impact of carrier localization
Authors: Park Jeong-Hwan , Pristovsek Markus , Han Dong-Pyo , Kim Bumjoon , Lee Soo Min , Hanser Drew , Parikh Pritesh , Cai Wentao , Shim Jong-In , Lee Dong-Seon , Seong Tae-Yeon , Amano Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Herein, we investigate micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) ranging in size from 160 × 160 to 10 × 10 μm2 and report that the differences in the behavior of InGaN-based blue (∼460 nm) and red (∼600 nm) μLEDs are related to carrier localization. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of blue μLEDs decreases with size regardless of sidewall conditions, whereas that of red μLEDs is insignificant due to carrier localization. Atomic probe tomography examination of 30%, 15%, and 7.5% indium-concentrated InGaN layers used in red μLEDs shows that higher indium concentrations result in greater indium fluctuations, which promote carrier localization and thus shorten the diffusion length of carriers. Finally, by observing the peak wavelength of electroluminescence and the current density at peak EQE for both blue and red μLEDs, we find that radiative recombination rate in μLEDs is likely to be chip size dependent.
(Quasi)Normal modes of de Sitter black holes and solitons in new massive gravity
Authors: Narbona Daniela
Published: December 2024

In this work, we study scalar field perturbations for a three-dimensional hairy black hole and gravitational soliton, both asymptotically dS3. These spacetimes are three-dimensional backgrounds of New Massive Gravity. We analytically calculate their quasinormal frequencies, where in the case of the hairy black hole the quasinormal modes are stable and we find normal modes on the gravitational soliton, which corresponds to a non-dissipative system.
Digital inline holographic microscopy: A tool for basal cell carcinoma characterization and analysis
Authors: Shaji Athira , M. K. Sheeja
Published: December 2024

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) is a potent, non-invasive method for analyzing and characterizing biological tissues, including unstained Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) tissues. Digital inline hologram reconstruction artifacts often compromise the accuracy of quantitative information derived from complex data. This work proposes a Constrained Anisotropic Total Variation (CATV) technique to enhance holographic reconstruction quality, incorporating sparsity prior, support, and physical constraints. The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) solver addresses this regularized inverse problem. The constrained compressed sensing framework offers twin-free reconstruction, noise robustness, and expedited convergence for the numerical reconstruction of complex-valued objects. The validation of the introduced approach involved the reconstruction of synthetic and experimental holograms. The artifact-free phase reconstruction of BCC holograms reveals insightful features such as refractive index variations, tumor islands, palisading, clefting, and mitotic figures, thereby advancing the understanding of BCC tissues and demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
Numerical analysis of the flow topology around two rectangular cylinders in a staggered arrangement
Authors: Tahir Neelam , Abbasi Waqas Sarwar , Rahman Hamid , Riaz Arshad , Alhamzi Ghaliah
Published: December 2024

In this study the computational analysis of the flow topology around two rectangular cylinders is performed using the lattice Boltzmann method. The cylinders are arranged in a staggered configuration, and both share the same aspect ratio. For simulations, the Reynolds number is kept constant at 150 while the gap spacing, between the cylinders, is varied within the range from 0 to 10 times the width of the cylinders. Four different flow patterns observed in this study are the isolated bluff structure, chaotic flow, modulated synchronized flow, and synchronized flow. The observed flow patterns and the corresponding fluid force parameters such as average drag coefficient, root-mean-square of the drag and lift coefficient, the amplitude of drag and lift, as well as the Strouhal number, are found to be strongly influenced by the gap spacing between cylinders. At low gap spacing values, a robust effect of jet flow disturbs the flow structure, which ultimately results in a complex flow structure in the wake and random fluctuations in drag and lift forces. With an increase in spacing values, the effect of jet flow on fluid flow characteristics gradually minimized, which results in a smooth periodic flow in the wake of both cylinders.
Collective behavior in intrinsic polarization switching of PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3
Authors: Park Suehyun , Kim Raseong , Young Ian A.
Published: December 2024

Ferroelectric materials play a pivotal role in various industrial and scientific applications due to their ability to exhibit spontaneous electric polarization above a critical temperature. The application of a sufficiently high external electric field can induce the switching of the spontaneous polarization, with the specific mechanism varying across different materials. Understanding the intrinsic switching mechanism is paramount for regulating polarization domains, thereby unlocking potential applications in nanoelectronic devices. Different types of switching mechanisms have been experimentally reported and various models have been developed, among them the nucleation-limited-switching (NLS) model, which is distinguished by nucleation and limited propagation. We investigate the intrinsic polarization switching mechanisms in PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 using molecular dynamics simulations. We found that both PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 exhibit the change of switching mechanisms as the field increases. At high electric field, they both follow homogeneous switching mechanism without the nucleation of domains. At weak electric fields, the NLS model effectively described the switching behavior of both PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, although the atomistic details of their respective switching mechanisms diverge. We demonstrate that, for PbTiO3, the switching mechanism at weak fields involves the collective behavior near nuclei such as the formation of vortices, which is characterized by the hypertoroidal moment. We also report the substantial in-plane dipolar pattern of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 at low fields, independent of switching. This work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of ferroelectric switching and, thus, results in better prediction of designing new nanoelectronic devices.
Progress using collective Thomson scattering of microwave radiation to detect fast ions and plasma instabilities at the GDT open magnetic trap
Authors: Shalashov A. G. , Gospodchikov E. D. , Lubyako L. V. , Khusainov T. A. , Shmigelsky E. A. , Soldatkina E. I. , Solomakhin A. L.
Published: December 2024

For the big mirror magnetic trap (Gas-Dynamic Trap, Budker Institute, Russia), a system for recording of collective Thomson scattering spectra of microwave radiation has been developed to focus on the study of velocity distribution function of fast ions. A diagnostic complex includes a high-power 450 kW/54.5 GHz gyrotron as a source of probing radiation, two independent highly sensitive radiometers operating in the range of 54.47 ± 0.55 GHz for simultaneous registration of scattered radiation in two orthogonal geometries, and quasi-optical systems for focusing the probing and diagnostic microwave beams. We report the results of the last experimental campaign of 2023 with plasma heating by neutral beams, in which the scattering signals from the fast ions have been detected accompanied by high-frequency instability of plasma.
The effects of breathing mode oscillations on ion energy distribution function in Hall thrusters: Time-resolved RPA measurements
Authors: Delavière--Delion Quentin , Gaboriau F. , Fubiani G. , Garrigues L.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a technique for reconstructing the temporal evolution of ion distribution functions (IDF) in a Hall thruster using ion currents measured with a retarding potential analyzer. The method involves averaging discharge oscillations with temporal realignment based on the maxima of the discharge current. This technique was applied to ion currents from the experimental ID-Hall 2 thruster, successfully reconstructing the time-dependent ion distribution function in quasi-periodic plasma oscillation regimes. The results indicate that deformations in the integrated ion distribution function can be attributed to the IDF's temporal evolution over a characteristic time equal to the breathing mode oscillation period. This finding suggests the possibility of uncoordinated displacement of ionization and acceleration zones within the discharge. In certain oscillation regimes, the oscillations in ion transit time also appear to have a minor effect on ion acceleration.
Anisotropy effects on crack path formation at atomistic-continuum scales
Authors: Hao Tengyuan , Hossain Zubaer M.
Published: December 2024

Crystallographic and structural anisotropies are essential in governing the direction of crack propagation, particularly for brittle materials and their composites. However, capturing their combined effects and relative influence on crack-path formation at atomistic-continuum scales remains challenging. This paper presents a multiscale framework to determine the role of crystallographic anisotropy in controlling fracture in 3C-SiC and its composites. This framework decomposes the continuum media into a collection of “crystal-symmetry preserved sub-domains” (CSPS) before finite element discretization. Interactions and continuum scale behavior of the CSPS are described by continuum scale parameters determined from atomistic simulations. The framework reproduces all essential features of the atomic scale fracture, including bifurcation, arrest, renucleation, deflection, and penetration. Results reveal that “crystallographic anisotropy” controls the local anisotropy in the propagation pathway, whereas “structural anisotropy” controls the path deviation from the symmetry plane. The fracture pattern emerges from a competition between structural and crystallographic anisotropy effects and long-range elastic interactions among the stress-concentration sites. The underlying physics in high-symmetry configurations is well-explainable using “bifurcation diagrams.”
Dynamic patterns in herding predator–prey system: Analyzing the impact of inertial delays and harvesting
Authors: Bhattacharya Santanu , Ghorai Santu , Bairagi Nandadulal
Published: December 2024

This study expands traditional reaction–diffusion models by incorporating hyperbolic dynamics to explore the effects of inertial delays on pattern formation. The kinetic system considers a harvested predator–prey model where predator and prey populations gather in herds. Diffusion and inertial effects are subsequently introduced. Theoretical frameworks establish conditions for stability, revealing that inertial delay notably alters diffusion-induced instabilities and Hopf bifurcations. The inclusion of inertial effects narrows the stability region of the kinetic system by wave instability, which cannot arise in a two-variable spatiotemporal system without inertia. Computational simulations demonstrate that Turing and wave instabilities lead to diverse spatial and spatiotemporal patterns. This study highlights that initial conditions influence wave instability, generating distinct patterns based on different initial values, while other instabilities remain unaffected. Additionally, patterns, such as hot spots, cold spots, and stripes, are observed within the Turing region. The impact of harvesting on spatiotemporal system stability is also examined, showing that increased harvesting efforts can shift systems between unstable and uniform states. The findings provide practical implications for ecological modeling, offering insights into how inertial delays and harvesting practices affect pattern formation in natural populations.
Behavior of detached simulation plasma by suddenly changed particle flux in GAMMA 10/PDX
Authors: Yoshikawa Masayuki , Kohagura Junko , Ezumi Naomichi , Kariya Tsuyoshi , Minami Ryutaro , Numakura Tomoharu , Hirata Mafumi , Togo Satoshi , Sakamoto Mizuki , Nakashima Yousuke , Shima Yoriko , Okamoto Takuma , Takahashi Satoshi , Yasuhara Ryo , Yamada Ichihiro , Funaba Hisamichi , Kenmochi Naoki , Kobayashi Shinji , Minami Takashi , Kuwahara Daisuke , Meiden Hennie V. D.
Published: December 2024

Plasma detachment is one of the most significant factors affecting nuclear fusion reactors. GAMMA 10/PDX has a divertor simulation experimental module (D-module) for detached plasma studies in the end region. To investigate the effect of suddenly changing the higher-density particle flux into the detached plasma condition, similar to edge-localized mode simulations, we performed supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) and electron cyclotron heating (ECH) experiments to produce a higher-density and higher-temperature core plasma and introduced it to the divertor simulation plasma in the D-module. With the application of ECH, the detached plasma moved to the attached condition. Moreover, with the injection of SMBI into the ECH-injected plasma, the attached plasma moved to a detached condition. This study revealed the effect of sudden changes in the particle flux on detached simulation plasma for the first time.
Deciphering single-cell 3D chromatin structure using scCTG
Authors: Jiang Ran , Xue Yue , Huang Yanyi , Gao Yi Qin
Published: December 2024

Sequencing-based Hi-C technology has been widely used to study the three-dimensional structure of chromatin. More recently, the development of single-cell Hi-C technology has enabled the study of chromatin structural variations between individual cells. However, single-cell Hi-C data are often highly sparse, necessitating the use of imputation algorithms to address insufficient sampling. Current methods encounter challenges such as significant discrepancies from real structural features, limited reproducibility, slower computational speeds, or reliance on large amounts of training data, which hinder their broader applicability. In this study, we improved the previously published CTG (Hi-C To Geometry) algorithm to introduce the single-cell CTG (scCTG) algorithm, which combines convolution and diffusion processes to yield the spatial distance matrix for various types of single-cell chromatin structure data. scCTG algorithm shows a good performance in terms of computational efficiency, robustness, and correlation with physical spatial distances. The scCTG algorithm can be applied to effectively identify compartments and insulation strength for each locus, providing deeper insights into the relationship between chromatin structure and gene expression at the single-cell level.