bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations into Improving Dewaterability at a Bio‐P/Anaerobic Digestion Plant
Authors: Alm Rebecca , Sealock Adam W. , Nollet Yabing , Sprouse George
Published: January 2016

Metropolitan Council Environmental Services has observed poorer than expected dewatering performance at its Empire Plant. This plant has both anaerobic digestion and enhanced biological phosphorus removal in its treatment train. A research program using pilot‐scale anaerobic digesters investigated potential solutions to the plant's poor dewaterability. The dewaterability goal was to increase the cake solids from 12% total solids (TS) to 16% TS or higher. This research investigated 20 different reactor conditions including chemical, feed sludge, and digested sludge treatments. At the pilot scale, unaerated storage of waste activated sludge prior to thickening and addition of ferric chloride to digestion was found to achieve dewatered cake solids of nearly 17% TS with the added benefit of reducing polymer demand. Issues including the amount of chemical required and the resulting volatile solids destruction influence the viability of the process change, so a full‐scale pilot and financial analysis is recommended before making permanent process changes.
Design, synthesis, characterization and antibacterial and antifungal activity of a new 2-{(E)-[(4-aminophenyl)imino]-methyl}-4,6-dichlorophenol and its complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II): An experimental and DFT study
Authors: Bakirdere Emine , Fellah Ferdi , Canpolat Erdal , Kaya Mehmet , Gür Seher
Published: January 2016

In this study, the complexes of Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) with
2-(E)-(4-aminophenylimino)methyl-4,6-dichlorophenol were prepared and
characterized by physical, spectral and analytical data. The metal: ligand
stoichiometric ratio is 1:2 in all the complexes. The results suggested that
the Schiff bases are coordinated to the metal ions through the phenolic
oxygens and azomethine nitrogen to give mononuclear complexes. Their
structures were elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C
NMR spectra, UV-VIS, magnetic susceptibility measurements and
thermogravimetric analyses. Both the antibacterial and antifungal activities
and MIC values of compounds were reported. Among the tested compounds, the
most effective compound providing a MIC value of 64 ?g/mL is Zn(L)2 against
C. tropicalis and B. subtilis. The theoretically optimized geometries of
complexes have tetrahedral structures. The computed stretching frequencies of
C=N, C-O and N-H bonds were found to be in good agreement with experimental
data. All calculated frequencies fall within about 5% of the experimental
frequency regions.
Moment closure hierarchies for rarefied gases
Authors: Pavic-Colic Milana , Simic Srboljub
Published: January 2016

The paper proposes an approximate closure procedure for hierarchies of
macroscopic equations for rarefied gases, derived as moment equations from
the Boltzmann equation in kinetic theory of gases. The procedure is based
upon application of the maximum entropy principle. If the exact minimizer is
exploited, moments of the distribution function may diverge, unless the
restriction on the structure of the moments is introduced. In this paper, a
perturbative approach is proposed by restricting the set of admissible
functions in the variational problem. This leads to an approximate minimizer,
but the procedure can be applied to an arbitrary choice of the moments.
Earthquake response of adjacent structures with viscoelastic and friction dampers
Authors: Zigic Miodrag , Grahovac Nenad
Published: January 2016

We study the seismic response of two adjacent structures connected with a dry
friction damper. Each of them consists of a viscoelastic rod and a rigid
block, which can slide without friction along the moving base. A simplified
earthquake model is used for modeling the horizontal ground motion. Energy
dissipation is taken by the presence of the friction damper, which is modeled
by the set-valued Coulomb friction law. Deformation of viscoelastic rods
during the relative motion of the blocks represents another way of energy
dissipation. The constitutive equation of a viscoelastic body is described by
the fractional Zener model, which includes fractional derivatives of stress
and strain. The problem merges fractional derivatives as non-local operators
and theory of set-valued functions as the non-smooth ones. Dynamical
behaviour of the problem is governed by a pair of coupled multi-valued
differential equations. The posed Cauchy problem is solved by use of the
Gr?nwald-Letnikov numerical scheme. The behaviour of the system is analyzed
for different values of system parameters.
Yellow Krang – A New Cultivar Of Papaya For Green Consumption With Tolerance To Papaya Ringspot Virus
Authors: Janthasri Rapatsa , Chaiyaboon Wiwat
Published: January 2016

The development of a papaya cultivar for unripe or green consumption that has resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) began in 2004 by crossing red-fleshed ‘Red Krang’ cultivar with yellow-fleshed Sai Nampeung cultivar. Numerous diverse hybrids that were obtained were selected in a recurrent selection until 2010. The ’Yellow Krang’ line was selected because of the early and high yielding, elongated fruit shape, is yellow and crispy flesh when unripe and suitable for consumption as green papaya, and tolerance to PRSV. From 2010 to 2015 the ‘Yellow Krang’ line was refined through pure line selection. It was evaluated in four growing areas in Thailand for 3 years. The field trial showed that ‘Yellow Krang’ can be classified as dwarf, reaching a height of 110-150 cm, early bearing, with mean 105 days to first flower anthesis; an average of 100 flowers and 206 fruits per plant, mean fruit weight 1.2 kg, mean fruit thickness 2.4 cm, mean fruit firmness 7.15 Newtons; high yielding, with mean fresh weight yield of 134.606 kg/hectare; and 24.86% incidence of PRSV.
Suitability Of Plum And Prune Cultivars, Grown In A High Density Planting System, For Mechanical Harvesting With A Canopy Contact, Straddle Harvester
Authors: Mika Augustyn , Buler Zbigniew , Rabcewicz Jacek , Białkowski Paweł , Konopacka Dorota
Published: January 2016

The relation of hand-harvesting cost in plum and prune production to the total costs amounts to 25-40%. Mechanical harvesting makes it possible to cut drastically both the harvesting and total costs. To test the suitability of plum and prune species to be mechanically harvested, an experimental grove (area 0.8 ha) was established in 2008. Three plum cultivars and one prune cultivar grafted on semi-dwarf and vigorous rootstocks were planted at high density (1250; 1666; 2500 trees·ha−1). During the span of full yielding (2012-2014), fruits were harvested mechanically with a canopy contact, straddle harvester in continuous motion, designed at the Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice, to harvest tart cherry, and later adapted to harvesting plums and prunes. Trees grafted on semi-dwarf rootstock (‘Wangenheim Prune’) appeared to be more suitable for mechanical harvesting than strong-growing trees grafted on Prunus cerasifera clone ‘Myrobalan’. Cumulative yield per ha (years 2012-2014) was the highest at the highest planting density. Trees grafted on the semi-dwarf rootstock had a higher productivity index than trees grafted on the vigorous rootstock. There was no significant difference in fruit quality related to planting distance. Mechanical harvesting was nearly 40 times more efficient than hand picking. The efficiency of mechanical harvest was from 85% to 90%. Over 5% of fruits were lost on the ground and from 1 to 5% of fruits were left on the tree. Up to 18% of the plums and no more than 10% of the prunes harvested mechanically showed some damage. They can be fully acceptable for processing, for up to 10 days, providing the potential deterioration processes are inhibited by cold storage. The large-fruited cultivars seem to be more susceptible to bruising than the small-fruited ones. For the latter, the share of marketable quality fruits within the mechanically harvested crop amounted to about 80%, which could be a good prognostic justifying further trials on the prune harvester.
Effect Of 1-MCP Treatment On Storage Potential Of Tomato Fruit
Authors: Wrzodak Anna , Gajewski Marek
Published: January 2016

Tomato fruit cv. ’Faustine’ F1 were harvested at mature green and full-red stages and treated with 1 or 2 µl·l−1 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 20 °C and 85-90% RH, for 21 hours to investigate the ability to delay ripening. Treated and control fruit were stored at 12.5 and 20 °C and 85-90% RH. Ethylene production, rate of respiration, weight loss, market value and storage life were determined after 4-week storage. Exposure of tomato fruit to 1-MCP reduced ethylene production and respiration rate of the fruit harvested at mature-green and full-red stages of maturity. Storage life and market value of tomato fruit depended on the treatment with 1-MCP, stage of maturity and storage temperature. Untreated fruits were characterized by the shortest storage life in comparison with the fruit treated with 1-MCP. The lowest market value was observed for tomato fruit harvested as a mature green, untreated with 1-MCP and stored at 20 °C. Treatment of tomato fruit with 1-MCP resulted in the reduction of natural weight loss during storage. These results suggest that 1-MCP treatment can be used in a commercial storage and trading system for tomatoes due to its ability to delay fruit ripening.
The Untapped Potential Of Plant Thin Cell Layers
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime , Altamura Maria Maddalena , Dobránszki Judit
Published: January 2016

Thin cell layers (TCLs), which contain a small number of cells or tissues, are explants excised from different organs (stems, leaves, roots, inflorescences, flowers, cotyledons, hypocotyls/epicotyls, and embryos). After almost 45 years of research, this culture system has been used for several monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants of commercial importance, and for model plants. The limited amount of cells in a TCL is of paramount importance because marker molecules/genes of differentiation can be easily localized in situ in the target/responsive cells. Thus, the use of TCLs has allowed, and continues to allow, for the expansion of knowledge in plant research in a practical and applied manner into the fields of tissue culture and micropropagation, cell and organ genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and development. Starting from a brief historical background, the actual and potential uses of the TCL system are briefly reviewed.
EFFECT OF POSTOPERATIVE EPIDURAL ANALGESIA AFTER MAJOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGERIES, A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Pathak Laxmi
Published: January 2016

INTRODUCTION: Epidural analgesia has been used in many major surgeries like upper abdominal surgery, cardio-thoracic surgery, orthopedic surgery etc. Epidural analgesia is one of the commonly used methods of postoperative pain control despite its associated complications. So, this study was conducted to find out its effectiveness in major orthopedic surgeries done in Universal College of Medical Sciences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was done at Universal College of Medical Sciences & Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa, Nepal from July 2012 to June 2014. Data of 57 patients, aged between 17 to 91 years having American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2 who had undergone major orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia and lumber epidural catheterization were collected and important information regarding anesthesia and surgery, epidural catheter and postoperative epidural analgesia, any complications if occurred throughout the study period were recorded. Departmental Protocol for epidural analgesia was followed in these patients. Patients who received intraoperative epidural anesthesia or analgesia and any other anesthetic or analgesic agents were excluded in this study. RESULTS: This study found epidural analgesia, a very effective way to relieve pain in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries, when given according to the Departmental Protocol. There were no any complications related to epidural analgesia till 4th postoperative day. Out of 57, only 2 patients received injection Ketorolac intravenously as a rescue analgesic at the same day of operation before epidural top up. Average time to demand for analgesic after the last dose of epidural top up was 21.933 hours. All patients were mobilized around their beds on 2nd postoperative day. The average postoperative days of hospital stay was only 6.5 days. CONCLUSION: Epidural mixture of Bupivacaine-morphine in lower dose and concentration given as an intermittent bolus dosing via lumber epidural catheter is safe and very effective in relieving postoperative pain after major orthopedic surgeries without any significant complications.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.03 No.02 Issue 10
VISUAL OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS OF PEDIATRIC CATARACT SURGERY AT LUMBINI EYE INSTITUTE, NEPAL
Authors: Thapa Hari Bahadur , Rai Salma KC , Bhari Arjun Malla , Bassett Ken
Published: January 2016

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric eye care, including cataract surgery, has become much more common in Nepal in recent years in tertiary facilities such as the Lumbini Eye Institute (LEI). This study provides the first report of visual outcome and complications after cataract surgery at that Institute. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study of all cataract surgical patients <16 years of age between March 1, 2011, and February 28, 2012. Visual outcome was assessed by two optometrists with pediatric eye care training. Clinical data were gathered in a specifically designed pediatric eye program database and demographic data were taken from hospital administrative records. RESULTS: In 2011-12, 334 children (248 boys [74%]) underwent cataract surgery, including 89 Nepali (27%) and 245 Indian (73%) children. In total, 320 (96%), 270 (81%), and 190 (57%) attended their first, second and third follow up visits respectively. Pre-operative visual acuity was <6/60 (91%), 6/60 to <6/18 (7%) and >6/18 (2%). Post-operatively, visual acuity was <6/60(27.5%), 6/60 to <6/18 (36.5%) and 6/18 or better (36%). The mean best corrected visual acuity was 6/38 first follow up, 6/34 second follow up, and 6/30 third follow up. Intraoperative complications were 1.6% pupillary capture and post-operative complications were 35.3% posterior capsular opacification (PCO). CONCLUSION: For 63% of children, visual acuity significantly improved with cataract surgery beyond their presenting vision of <6/60, with over 38% of children achieving visual acuity (>6/18). Follow up beyond one month needs significant improvement to treat postoperative complications particularly posterior capsular opacification.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.03 No.02 Issue 10Page: 35-38
HYPOTHESIS TESTING IN MEDICAL RESEARCH: A KEY STATISTICAL APPLICATION
Authors: Kumar Ashok
Published: January 2016

“Hypothesis testing” is an integral and most important component of research methodology, in all researches, whether in medical sciences, social sciences or any such allied field. It is a guideline in planning, implementation and getting final results thereof, in undertaking any research work. The present paper, in this direction, is designed mainly as a key note, to highlight the basics towards hypothesis, testing its validity i.e. Acceptance “or” rejection and finally interpreting the tenability of selected variables as a solution to the postulated “ research problem ”. To supplement with , a few problem based illustrations (pbi)s have also been incorporated accordingly.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol.03 No.02 Issue 10  Page:   53-56
Design Optimization for the Measurement Accuracy Improvement of a Large Range Nanopositioning Stage
Authors: Torralba Marta , Yagüe-Fabra José , Albajez José , Aguilar Juan
Published: January 2016

Both an accurate machine design and an adequate metrology loop definition are critical factors when precision positioning represents a key issue for the final system performance. This article discusses the error budget methodology as an advantageous technique to improve the measurement accuracy of a 2D-long range stage during its design phase. The nanopositioning platform NanoPla is here presented. Its specifications, e.g., XY-travel range of 50 mm × 50 mm and sub-micrometric accuracy; and some novel designed solutions, e.g., a three-layer and two-stage architecture are described. Once defined the prototype, an error analysis is performed to propose improvement design features. Then, the metrology loop of the system is mathematically modelled to define the propagation of the different sources. Several simplifications and design hypothesis are justified and validated, including the assumption of rigid body behavior, which is demonstrated after a finite element analysis verification. The different error sources and their estimated contributions are enumerated in order to conclude with the final error values obtained from the error budget. The measurement deviations obtained demonstrate the important influence of the working environmental conditions, the flatness error of the plane mirror reflectors and the accurate manufacture and assembly of the components forming the metrological loop. Thus, a temperature control of ±0.1 °C results in an acceptable maximum positioning error for the developed NanoPla stage, i.e., 41 nm, 36 nm and 48 nm in X-, Y- and Z-axis, respectively.
Silica Bottle Resonator Sensor for Refractive Index and Temperature Measurements
Authors: Nemova Galina , Kashyap Raman
Published: January 2016

We propose and theoretically demonstrate a bottle resonator sensor with a nanoscale altitude and with alength several of hundreds of microns made on the top of the fiber with a radius of tens microns for refractive index and temperature sensor applications. The whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the resonators can be excited with a taper fiber placed on the top of the resonator. These sensors can be considered as an alternative to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors.The sensitivity of TM-polarized modes is higher than the sensitivity of the TE-polarized modes, but these values are comparable and both polarizations are suitable for sensor applications. The sensitivity ~150 (nm/RIU) can be reached with abottle resonator on the fiber with the radius 10 μm. It can be improved with theuse of a fiber with a smaller radius. The temperature sensitivity is found to be ~10 pm/K. The temperature sensitivity can decrease ~10% for a fiber with a radius rco = 10 μm instead of a fiber with a radius rco = 100 μm. These sensors have sensitivities comparable to FBG sensors. A bottle resonator sensor with a nanoscale altitude made on the top of the fiber can be easily integrated in any fiber scheme.
Mobile Crowd Sensing for Traffic Prediction in Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Wan Jiafu , Liu Jianqi , Shao Zehui , Vasilakos Athanasios , Imran Muhammad , Zhou Keliang
Published: January 2016

The advances in wireless communication techniques, mobile cloud computing, automotive and intelligent terminal technology are driving the evolution of vehicle ad hoc networks into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) paradigm. This leads to a change in the vehicle routing problem from a calculation based on static data towards real-time traffic prediction. In this paper, we first address the taxonomy of cloud-assisted IoV from the viewpoint of the service relationship between cloud computing and IoV. Then, we review the traditional traffic prediction approached used by both Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communications. On this basis, we propose a mobile crowd sensing technology to support the creation of dynamic route choices for drivers wishing to avoid congestion. Experiments were carried out to verify the proposed approaches. Finally, we discuss the outlook of reliable traffic prediction.
Long-Term Cropping Effects on Agricultural Sustainability in Alar Oasis of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Gong Lu , He Guixiang , Liu Weiguo
Published: January 2016

Agricultural sustainability has become a major concern in arid regions of China. In order to better understand the influence of continuous cropping on soil quality, six experimental fields were established in the Alar Oasis of Xinjiang, including uncultivated land (as a zero year treatment duration) and five different continuous cropping years on cotton fields, with different cropping durations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years, respectively). Thirteen soil indicators were selected including soil physicochemical properties, nutrient properties and enzymatic activities. The results show that duration of continuous cropping of cotton fields significantly influences a number of soil properties. Cultivation durations ranked according to soil quality indexes (SQI) are as follows: 15 years (0.828) > 20 years (0.816) > 10 years (0.668)> 5 years (0.548) > 25 years (0.377) > 0 years (0.205), and sustainable yield index (SYI) are as follows: 10 years (0.830) > 15 years (0.777) > 20 years (0.667) > 5 years (0.586) > 25 years (0.159).
Mapping Cross-Boundary Climate Change Vulnerability—Case Study of the Hualien and Taitung Area, Taiwan
Authors: Lee Yung-Jaan , Lin Shih-Chien , Chen Chiao-Chi
Published: January 2016

This study uses biophysical vulnerability and social vulnerability data from Taiwan’s National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR) to assess the vulnerable areas in Hualien County and Taitung County (Hualien-Taitung Area). The most vulnerable townships are Yanping and Chenggong townships in Taitung County, and the least vulnerable townships are Fuli, Jian, Yuli, Shoufeng and Fenglin townships in Hualien County. The severity of potential impacts to townships in Taitung County is greater than that to townships in Hualien County. In the context of climate change, the Hualien-Taitung Area must develop policies that prioritize policies and strategies for hotspot townships. Furthermore, the Hualien-Taitung Area should integrate long-term cross-boundary policies and strategies to lobby for increased funding from the central government. Moreover, cross-boundary resource integration and regional adaptation strategies should be merged to help the Hualien-Taitung Area move toward sustainability.
Carte géomorphologique du Mas-d'Azil SE. Notice
Authors: Carcenac Claude , Simon-Coinçon Régine , Taillefer François
Published: January 2016

Carte géomorphologique d'un secteur des Prépyrénées, basses montagnes ne dépassant pas 753 m d'altitude. Des plis d âge et de style différents affectent trois zones structurales : zone sous-pyrénéenne où alternent calcaires et marnes, zone cénomanienne (flysch et conglomérats), zone nord-pyrénéenne (calcaires et dolomies). En contrebas d'une surface d'aplanissement fini-tertiaire s'insinuent des couloirs villafranchiens eux-mêmes défoncés par les vallées du pleistocene moyen et récent ou les dépressions karstiques. Plusieurs unités physiographiques sont caractérisées, en particulier en ce qui concerne l'évolution des versants. Le réseau hydrographique, surimposé, est influencé par le karst (grotte et rivière souterraine du Mas d'Azil).
L'espace non-métropolisé du territoire français
Authors: Kayser Bernard
Published: January 2016

La réflexion sur la structure des espaces régionaux conduit à mettre en cause les notions de réseau urbain et de zone d'influence. L'analyse permet d'opposer d'une part un espace étroitement lié aux très grandes villes — l'espace métropolisé — et d'autre part l'espace intermédiaire, non-métropolisé : celui-ci est habité par la moitié de la population française. L'espace non-métropolisé est extrêmement hétérogène, généralement peu densément occupé mais révélant de multiples combinaisons rurales-urbaines héritées de l'histoire. Son destin dépend du dynamisme de ses villes : or celles-ci, après un indéniable essor, ne vont-elles pas connaître la stagnation ? Le

problème, essentiel pour l'aménagement du territoire et qui intéresse l'évolution de la localisation des activités économiques, devrait être l'objet d'études prospectives approfondies.
Les papeteries de Condat
Authors: Genty Michel
Published: January 2016

Fournissant près de 900 emplois, les Papeteries de Condat, au Lardin (Dordogne), monopolisent le marché local du travail industriel et stimulent diverses activités voisines : sous-traitance, commerces et services. L'entreprise dépend de marchés extra-régionaux mais, consommant des fibres courtes de feuillus, s'approvisionne sur place en bois encore peu recherchés.
Les séchoirs à tabac dans le Bassin de Grenade
Authors: Humbert André
Published: January 2016

Des différents cycles culturaux qui se sont succédés dans la Vega de Grenade, le cycle du tabac est celui qui a marqué le plus profondément le paysage rural en provoquant la construction de séchoirs dont les types architecturaux sont autant de jalons marquant les étapes du cycle. Les exigences du séchage imposent un volume construit énorme par rapport aux surfaces cultivées ; aussi les séchoirs n'ont-ils pu s'intégrer à l'habitat groupé de la Vega. Mais à des facteurs de dispersions s'opposent des facteurs de concentration si bien qu'il s'est produit une agglutination des séchoirs autour des villages, ceux-ci prenant alors une allure très nébuleuse. La transformation touche aussi les petits cortijos dispersés dans la Vega dont les surfaces cultivées pourtant faibles sont suffisantes pour provoquer la formation d'une habitation à cour, ouverte ou fermée.
Oscillations of electron–hole plasma in terahertz emitters
Authors: Reklaitis Antanas
Published: January 2016

Oscillations of photogenerated electron–hole plasma in freestanding terahertz emitters are studied using the hydrodynamic analysis and Monte Carlo simulations. The pronounced plasma oscillations are obtained in an n-GaAs emitter in which the oscillations are initiated by the surface electric field. The plasma oscillations are also found in an n-InAs emitter in which the oscillations are induced by the photo-Dember effect.
Introducción. Etnografías y emergencias en el Mediterráneo: agujeros negros de nuestra modernidad
Authors: Suárez-Navaz Liliana
Published: January 2016

Esta sección es una respuesta desde la antropología al trágico despropósito de la cobertura mediática y la muerte de miles de seres humanos en el mar que une el sur de Europa con el norte de África, el Mediterráneo. A la economía moral del asilo y a las retóricas del humanitarismo basadas en «crisis» y «urgencias» en vez de justicia social y derechos humanos. Miramos al Mediterráneo desde la etnografía, con una forma particular de analizar y vivir las fronteras: lejos de flashes mediáticos y populismos políticos, cerca de las historias e interpretaciones de las gentes que las transitan. Abordamos las fronteras desde su realidad actual en el Mediterráneo: interconectadas, deslocalizadas, mucho más amplias de lo que la ley define como frontera europea. Una «olla a presión», agravada por el efecto del control policial en países de tránsito, como Marruecos, Libia, o Turquía. Un régimen fronterizo que alcanza el territorio europeo, con los Centros de Internamiento y el control sobre extranjeros asentados en nuestros países europeos. Una realidad fronteriza abrumadora que pone en cuestión la vigencia de los principios éticos y políticos que animó la construcción de Unión Europea.
Más allá de la piel y la máscara: turismo, autenticidad y prácticas expositivas en el Sacromonte
Authors: López López Juan de Dios
Published: January 2016

En este estudio se analiza cómo se fue conformando una imagen orientalista del barrio granadino del Sacromonte desde el siglo XIX, y cómo dicha imagen fue diseminada a través del circuito del turismo internacional. En este análisis, el uso de la etnicidad [gitana, en este caso] como atractivo turístico ocupará un lugar preponderante. Se muestra cómo la adaptación y configuración del barrio a las demandas del turismo se ha considerado como un indicio de inautenticidad. Tras una revisión teórica sobre cómo ha sido tratada la cuestión de la autenticidad en los estudios sobre turismo, se expone cómo se fue configurando dicha representación orientalista y cómo distintas propuestas expositivas, surgidas en el ámbito local, han integrado la imaginería turística producida en torno al barrio y sus atractivos. Finalmente, se analizan distintas críticas en torno a la autenticidad del Sacromonte, que se han venido sucediendo desde su constitución como destino turístico, y defendemos la investigación etnográfica como una estrategia útil para superar tanto las explicaciones primordialistas como constructivistas en los debates sobre la autenticidad y las identidades locales en contextos turísticos.
Numerical Solution of Micro-Lubrication in Internal Combustion Engine Journal Bearing
Authors: Maršálek Ondřej , Novotný Pavel , Knotek Jiří
Published: January 2016

This article describes a complex and generally applicable computational model for solving the frictional losses of directionally oriented and non-oriented sliding surfaces working under mixed lubrication regime. In the primary phase of this paper are described ways to get characteristics data describing rough surfaces together with the formula for determination of surface pattern directional dependence. Furthermore, formulae describing used contact model are listed and also the structure of the whole powertrain dynamics solution is briefly explained. In the closing section of this paper are shown and discussed results of several types of slide bearing analysis.
Advanced Computational Analysis of Connecting Rod of an Aircraft Engine
Authors: Dlugoš Jozef , Novotný Pavel , Raffai Peter
Published: January 2016

Development of internal combustion engine’s components is based on the use of advanced computational models in order to compare and verify the individual design proposals. Connecting rod, which performs a general planar motion, is exposed to the gas pressure forces, inertia, contacts, and hydrodynamic pressure during the engine operation cycle. To incorporate all these aspects, Finite Element Method (FEM) is extended by Finite Difference Method (FDM) simulating a slide bearing of connecting rod’s end. It includes different properties of lubricating oil (pressure and temperature dependent viscosity and density) and elastic deformations, so the pressure distribution in an oil film can be evaluated. The computational process concludes with an estimation of the endurance safety factor of the connecting rod. The four-cylinder inverted aircraft engine is used as an example.
Unsteady Flow past a Circular Cylinder Using Advanced Turbulence Models
Authors: Holman Jiří
Published: January 2016

This work deals with the numerical simulation of unsteady compressible turbulent flow past a circular cylinder. Turbulent flow is modeled by two different methods. The first method is based on the system of URANS equations closed by the two equation TNT model or modified EARSM model. Second method is based on the X-LES model, which is a hybrid RANS-LES method. Numerical solution is obtained by the finite volume method. Presented results are for the sub-critical turbulent flow characterized by Re=3900.
Solution of Large Engineering Problems on Parallel Computers
Authors: Kruis Jaroslav
Published: January 2016

This contribution reviews utilization of parallel computers in various engineering problems. First, parallel computers are classified and a very short review of the most powerful computers is presented. Then, engineering problems are sorted with respect to possible parallelization.Finally, two examples of different utilization of parallel computers are described. Domaindecomposition method based on the Schur complement method is the first example and a multi-scale analysis of masonry structure is the second one.
Non-Linear Normal Modes in Dynamics - Discrete Systems
Authors: Náprstek Jiří , Fischer Cyril
Published: January 2016

The aim of the paper is to inform about main features of Non-linear Normal Modes (NNM) as a powerful tool for investigation of multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) dynamic systems. In particular, it is shown how this concept can be used to investigate forced resonances of non-linear symmetric systems including non-linear localization of vibrational energy. NNMs can provide a valuable tool for understanding essentially non-linear dynamic phenomena having no counterparts in linear theory and which do not enable analysis using linearized procedures. Discrete MDOF systems are considered in this study. A couple of possible approaches are outlined together with some demonstrations of numerical results.
Dynamic Analysis of the Structure Exposed to the Moving Periodic Force and Viscoelastic Models of the Human Body
Authors: Sana Vladimír
Published: January 2016

Submitted paper is focused on dynamic analysis of the footbridge structure, which is represented by the simply supported beam. The continuous beam model was discretized by the FEM to MDOF system and loaded by pedestrians, walking across the structure. Three states of loading are considered in this paper. Firstly, it is the mathematical description of pedestrian's ordinary traffic, where each pedestrian is randomly generated by the Monte Carlo method. Secondly, the movement of single pedestrian, simplified by viscoelastic models, is introduced. Thirdly, the DLF model of stochastic vandals is investigated as well.
Wind Tunnel Experimental Study of Coupled Rocking-Swivelling Model of Guyed Mast Shaft
Authors: Urushadze Shota , Pirner Miroš , Fischer Ondřej
Published: January 2016

Systematic monitoring of rotational vibration (both torsion and swivelling) of guyed mast shafts has been performed in ITAM since 2005. The occurrence of this phenomenon is conditioned by the fact that the guy ropes are attached to the construction of the shaft, i.e. out of its axis. The simple static calculation model serves for making the proof of the occurrence of the torsional moment, affecting the shaft, which is guyed by three ropes. The exact theoretical solution of the real phenomenon assumes the introduction of dynamics of guy ropes, which vibrate in 3D shapes during the shaft’s movement along the orbit and it ́s torsion (swivelling).
Deformation Mechanisms of Auxetic Microstructures for Energy Absorption Applications
Authors: Koudelka Petr , Neuhauserova Michaela , Fíla Tomáš , Kytýř Daniel
Published: January 2016

In this work parametric modelling was utilized to design and produce two types of porous microarchitectures with auxetic compressive properties suitable for deformation energy mitigation applications such as blast and bullet protection. The samples were directly produced from acrylic material using a high resolution 3D printer and their compressive mechanical characteristics were tested. Two different structures exhibiting in-plane negative strain dependent Poisson’s ratio were selected for the analysis: i) two-dimensional inverted (re-entrant) honeycomb and ii) two-dimensional cut missing-rib. Stress-strain relationships were established from a set of quasi-static compression experiments where the strain fields were evaluated using digital image correlation applied to measure the full-field displacements on the samples' surface. From the displacement fields true strain – true stress curves were derived for each sample and relative elastic moduli were evaluated.
Experimental Measurement of Elastic-Plastic Fracture Parameters Using Digital Image Correlation Method
Authors: Jandejsek Ivan , Vavřík Daniel
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a complex experimental measurement of elastic-plastic fracture parameters such as J-integral, CTOD and J-resistance curve for ductile materials with single specimen test employing the Digital Image Correlation method. Main advantage of the approach is that it allows evaluation of the parameters directly from its definitions in contrast to current standardized measurements defined mostly by ASTM where the parameters are evaluated indirectly. Moreover, the method provides other useful information such as the extent and shape of a plastic zone in the vicinity of a crack tip. The presented method is employed in the case of thin-sheet aluminium alloy. Different approaches to determine a critical value of J-integral from experimental results; i.e., to determine the fracture toughness of the material are presented.
Verification of Ductile Fracture Criteria Based on Selected Calibration Tests
Authors: Šebek František , Kubík Petr , Petruška Jindřich
Published: January 2016

Phenomenological ductile fracture criteria represent, among others, one of powerful tools for prediction of ductile fracture. These criteria are based on evaluating damage throughout the solid body as a response to straining. The damage is influenced by plasticity but not vice versa. Therefore, these criteria are often called uncoupled as they do not mutually couple the damage and plasticity. One of immense advantages of such criteria is a possibility not only to predict the crack initiation but also to follow the propagation based on the damage. Moreover, it is not restricted for one specific locus but the damage is evaluated in the entire solid body and one or more cracks can be tracked simultaneously or sequentially. Ductile fracture criteria are calibrated on the basis of several independent calibration tests under various stress states. One way how to verify calibrated model is to simulate numerically an experimental tests and follow the crack initiation and propagation. In the present study, selected phenomenological criteria were calibrated using various calibration tests. Then, selected calibration tests were simulated together with implemented ductile fracture criteria. In our case, the verification is carried out on tensile cylindrical specimens. Finally, computationally obtained results were compared to the experimentally observed ones and the prediction ability and reliability of selected phenomenological criteria is discussed.
Measuring of Cyclist Impact Dynamics
Authors: Radová Zuzana , Nouzovský Luboš
Published: January 2016

The contribution is aimed at detection of cyclists’ dynamics in standard and non-standard situations. From forensic experts point of view there are significant both, ie. riding dynamics of cyclist and also post-crash motion in case of collision with passenger car.To determine the riding trajectory, it is necessary to devise a measuring apparatus and devise methods for measuring and processing of the collected data. This pilot study involves suggestion of available combination of several procedures such as accelerometric measuring, photogrammetry and GPS use. In addition, the pilot measurement to prove this method was performed.In the term of post-crash motion the paper deals with the biomechanical analysis of load exerted on the child cyclist in configuration typical for cyclists (sudden enter the road or the case of non-giving way; the car front vs. the left side of the cyclists). Safety contribution of the bicycle helmet.
Study of Surface Quality and Mechanical Properties of Composite Material Based on Natural Reinforcement
Authors: Hutyrová Zuzana , Mitaľ Dušan , Harničárová Marta , Zajac Jozef , Valíček Jan
Published: January 2016

This paper presents problem of the examination of the inhomogeneity of composite material on the base of wood plastic composite. It deals with evaluation of mechanical properties after tensile test and triax-bending test of a composite were assessed in relation to images acquired from radiographic method – metrotomography (using radiographic method which has an explanatory value in terms of evaluation of volume defects and in a figurative sense, also of the conduct of cracks on the surface after machining).
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Steam Turbine Prismatic Blade Section
Authors: Jelínek Tomáš , Straka Petr , Kladrubský Milan
Published: January 2016

For the needs of high-performance steam turbines producer the data of a blade section measurement have been analyzed in detail using an experimental and numerical approach. The blade section is used on prismatic blades in high and medium pressure steam turbine parts. The linear blade cascade was tested at four pitch/chord ratios at two different stagger angles. The blade cascade was tested under two levels of Reynolds number in the range of output izentropic Mach numbers from 0.4 to 0.9.The inlet of the test section was measured pitch-wise by five-hole probe to determine the inlet flow angle. The free stream turbulence of inlet flow was determined at 2.5% what is very close to the operating conditions on first high pressure stages. Two-dimensional flow field at the center of the blades was traversed pitch-wise downstream the cascade by means of a five-hole needle pressure probe to find out the overall integral characteristics. The blade loading was measured throughout surface pressure taps at the blade center. An in-house code based on a system of Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equation closed by non-linear two-equation EARSM k-ω turbulence model was adopted for the predictions. The code utilizes an algebraic model of bypass transition valid for both attached and separated flows taking into account the effect of free-stream turbulence and pressure gradient. Results are presented by integral characteristic in means of kinetic energy loss coefficient and velocity or pressure distribution in the blade wakes or on the blade surface. In this article, the effect of investigated criteria and comparison of experimental and numerical approach are presented and discussed.
Wang Tilings in Numerical Homogenization
Authors: Doškář Martin , Novák Jan
Published: January 2016

Stochastic Wang tiling has been shown to bring unexpected insights to microstructure representation efforts as it generalizes the conventional unit-cell approach. It allows to reconstruct stochastic realizations of the compressed medium without prior periodic assumptions on microstructural patterns. Moreover, once the microstructure is compressed, its realizations of various sizes can be generated at almost negligible cost. In this paper, we follow the standard numerical homogenization procedure and make use of the realizations as domains over which local quantities are computed and averaged subsequently. In order to alleviate computational cost, a domain decomposition method is adopted such that it benefits from the fact that the computational domains are composed of limited number of repetitive patterns -- tiles.
Micromechanical Homogenization of Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Authors: Koudelková Veronika , Sajdlová Tereza , Němeček Jiří
Published: January 2016

Mechanical properties and durability of Ultra-High Performance Concretes (UHPC) are closely associated with composition and microstructure of tested samples. In this work, determination of effective elastic properties of UHPC composite was performed for a representative volume element using combination of microstructural investigations (scanning electron microscope imaging, image analysis of back scattered electron micrographs and nanoindentation) and analytical methods of micromechanics. Based on the volumetric content and micromechanical behavior of individual components an effective elastic modulus of the whole composite was predicted and compared with macroscopically measured value with good agreement within 5%.
Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Lime-Based Mortars Evaluated from Four-Point Bending Test
Authors: Přinosil Michal , Kabele Petr
Published: January 2016

In the study, the bending behavior of high-performance fiber reinforced lime-based mortars is experimentally investigated using four-point bending test. From the experimental data, the influence of the mortar’s composition on its stiffness, cracking strength and ultimate strength are investigated. It is also studied, whether the response has strain-softening or strain-hardening character and whether the material exhibits multiple cracking. Such behavior is very important for the durability of the material, because it allows carrying load during imposed deformations (due to thermal effects, movements of foundations, seismicity, etc.). The number of formed cracks is examined using digital image correlation method. The mortar composition is considered with two types of binder (pure lime, lime-metakaolin), with two types of polyvinyl alcohol fibers in four volume fractions (0.5÷2.0%). As the reference, we consider two sets of specimens made of plain mortar without fiber reinforcement.
VVER-440 Steam Generator’s Two-Phase Flow Analysis
Authors: Joch Lukas , Krautschneider Roman
Published: January 2016

The subject of this report is creation of three-dimensional thermal hydraulic model of horizontal steam generator for Dukovany nuclear power plant. A procedure is presented for simulation and analysis of secondary side of PGV-440 steam generator for nominal and increased reactor power. A two-fluid approach is applied for modeling physical processes inside the steam generator. Physical models were implemented in ANSYS Fluent CFD environment using User Defined Functions (UDFs). Results from this thermal hydraulic numerical model can be used for various other subsequent nuclear power plant operations and safety analysis.
Numerical Investigation of Wind Effects on the Perforated Structures
Authors: Král Radomil , Pospíšil Stanislav
Published: January 2016

The paper deals with a numerical analysis of wind effects on structures with perforated surfaces. The solution based on FEM model is governed by the stabilized Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid. Special attention is given to perforated surface. Such a partly resistance barrier always introduces considerable numerical difficulties resulting from the complexity of a flow distortion when the fluid is passing through. For simplification, the barrier is assumed as a thin screen with specific resistance parameters where the fluid flow mechanism needs not be resolved. The general influence of the barrier on the flow field is a loss in the normal momentum component and the change in the flow direction. On the other hand, the authentic simulation of the fluid mechanics requires specifying the relevant input parameters that can be determined by an experiment or by using a corresponding handbook.
Model Based Design of Fuel Pump Control
Authors: Andrs Ondrej , Vetiska Jan , Holub Michal , Kovar Jiri
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a co-simulation method to design of speed controller for turbojet fuel pump. Expected fuel pump is used for small turbine engine concept with reducer driven by free turbine. The amount of injected fuel into the combustion chamber is based on the speed of the fuel pump which is controlled by the engine control unit. The final flow of fuel into the combustion chamber is restricted by fuel bypass which constricts the return fuel according to pressure in the nozzles. This back fuel bypass has nonlinear and fixed characteristic determined by its structure. The only way how to control the amount of incoming fuel to the engine is the pump speed control. Effect of the bypass represents a variable component in the fuel pump load and from the view of the speed controller it is a disturbance variable. This paper describes the co-simulation model based on the use of MATLAB/Simulink and MSC Adams environment. This simulation uses interconnection of Simulink controller design and simplified model of the fuel pump dynamics in Adams (without hydraulic modelling).
Comparison of Energy Efficiency of the Redundant Actuation of Positioning Axes
Authors: Šubrt Kamil , Knoflíček Radek , Houška Pavel
Published: January 2016

Presently, production machines and mainly contemporary machining centers are subjected to ever increasing pressure to enhance energy efficiency, both from the side of customers and also in terms of legislative regulations. A selection of drives for the individual axes is primarily a compromise between achievable dynamics, precision and price. The electrical efficiency and energy consumption is not usually taken into consideration during the design of the axis. In this paper, the electricity consumption of single drive axis actuator and redundant actuation through two drives is compared under various operating conditions. The measurement results are used to assess the benefits of redundant actuation of positioning axes with emphasis on energy efficiency, which is consistent with the current trend of the so-called Ecodesign.