bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced and selective electrochemical sensing of cephalexin using zeolite/CPE
Authors: Khosravi-Hamoleh Amir , Cheraghizade Mohsen
Published: August 2022

The electrochemical sensing of cephalexin was suggested using a modified electrode (zeolite/CPE). The designed electrode presents an enhanced, selective, stable, and reproducible sensing process.
A stereo-electronic interpretation of a challenging orthoamide Overman rearrangement rationalized by molecular modelling
Authors: Juvin Judith , Malherbe Victor , Belhomme Marie-Charlotte , Castex Stéphanie , Martinez Agathe , Khartabil Hassan , Haudrechy Arnaud
Published: August 2022

The Overman rearrangement difficulties are tentatively explained using stereo-electronic considerations, helping chemists to understand their troubles in this process.
A DFT study on the mechanism and regioselectivity of NHC-catalyzed double acylation of aromatic 1,2-diketones with α,β-unsaturated ketones
Authors: Luo Jing , Han Li-Li , Chen Kuohong , Song Jinshuai , Wei Donghui
Published: August 2022

The possible mechanisms and the origin of regioselectivity of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed double acylation reaction of aromatic 1,2-diketones with α,β-unsaturated ketones have been theoretically studied using density functional theory.
Role of detergents and nuclease inhibitors in the extraction of RNA from eukaryotic cells in complex matrices
Authors: Holohan Cian , Feely Nathan , Li Peng , Curran Gerard , Lee Gil U.
Published: August 2022

Surfactants have a minimal impact on cell lysis in chaotropic lysis buffers, with the chaotropic agent sufficiently lysing cells in the absence of surfactant. Endogenous RNases negatively impacted qRT-PCR but were inactivated by the lysis buffer.
Statistical copolymers of thiophene-3-carboxylates and selenophene-3-carboxylates; 77Se NMR as a tool to examine copolymer sequence in selenophene-based conjugated polymers
Authors: Kawakami Manami , Schulz Karl H. G. , Varni Anthony J. , Tormena Claudio F. , Gil Roberto R. , Noonan Kevin J. T.
Published: August 2022

Here, a new class of ester-functionalized polychalcogenophene is reported, the poly(3-alkylesterselenophene). Moreover, a series of thiophene–selenophene copolymers were prepared.
Recent advances in the ring-opening polymerization of sulfur-containing monomers
Authors: Purohit Vishal B. , Pięta Marlena , Pietrasik Joanna , Plummer Christopher M.
Published: August 2022

Inspired by the broad range of applications for sulfur-containing polymers, this article presents an overview regarding various ROP technologies (ROP/rROP/ROMP) which cement the importance of sulfur-containing monomers in modern polymer chemistry.
Light- and mechanic field controlled dynamic soft matter materials
Authors: Truong Vinh X. , Rodrigues Leona L. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: August 2022

A photochemical reaction system that fuses photo- and mechanochemistry into one macromolecular design for light- and mechano-reversible modification of polymer endgroups is introduced.
PBAT/gelatin hybrid nanofibers based on post-double network bond processing as a promising vascular substitute
Authors: Nie Jiakun , Jin Changjie , Liu Yonghang , Du Juan , Chen Sihao , Zheng Yujia , Lou Binbin
Published: August 2022

A PBAT/gelatin hybrid nanofibers vascular graft containing 15 wt% gelation (P/G-15) exhibited matched mechanical properties, especially they demonstrate excellent blood compatibility, cellular compatibility, and histocompatibility in rabbit carotid artery model.
High-temperature NO sensing performance of WO3 deposited by spray coating
Authors: Lontio Fomekong Roussin , Saruhan Bilge , Debliquy Marc , Lahem Driss
Published: August 2022

Simple WO3 has been used for the first time as a semiconductor based gas sensor to detect nitrogen monoxide at high temperature (∼700 °C).
Polyimide-derived carbon nanofiber membranes as free-standing anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Hang , Yin Chuanqiang , Hou Xinran , Gong Man , Yang Changshu , Xu Lexiang , Luo Jinpeng , Ma Lei , Zhou Lang , Li Xiaomin
Published: August 2022

Free-standing and flexible carbon nanofiber membranes (CNMs) with a three-dimensional network structure were fabricated based on PMDA/ODA polyimide by combining electrospinning, imidization, and carbonization strategies.
Phosphorylation promotes the endonuclease-like activity of human centrin 2
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhao Yaqin , Yang Binsheng
Published: August 2022

Phosphorylation weakened the binding of Tb3+ to HsCen2, enhanced the binding of DNA to HsCen2; and improves the endonuclease-like activity of HsCen2; Additionally, the endonuclease-like activity of HsCen2 or HsCen2p is regulated up by Tb3+-binding.
Development of a low-melting-point eutectic salt and evaluation of its discharge performance for light weight thermal batteries
Authors: Ahn Tae-Young , Cheong Hae-Won , Kang Seung-Ho , Lee Jae-In , Kim Minu , Choi Yusong
Published: August 2022

This study proposes eutectic salts, containing rubidium chloride, with low melting points to be applied in light weight thermal batteries and also evaluates their performance.
The synergetic effect of Pd, In and Zr on the mechanism of Pd/In2O3–ZrO2for CO2hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Zhang Minhua , Li Fuchao , Dou Maobin , Yu Yingzhe , Chen Yifei
Published: August 2022

There is a synergistic relationship in the Pd/In2O3–ZrO2catalyst. ZrO2can enhance CO2adsorption and inhibit the formation of a PdIn alloy.
Combination of vancomycin and guanidinium-functionalized helical polymers for synergistic antibacterial activity and biofilm ablation
Authors: Liu Wen-Bin , Gao Run-Tan , Zhou Li , Liu Na , Chen Zheng , Wu Zong-Quan
Published: August 2022

Helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)-based antibacterial materials have been developed, which have a broad antibacterial spectrum and high antibacterial activity and can effectively destroy preformed biofilms.
Cost and technology readiness level assessment of emerging technologies, new perspectives, and future research directions in H2 production
Authors: Khan Saleem Nawaz , Yang Zhu , Dong Weiguo , Zhao Ming
Published: August 2022

This review provides a cost and technology readiness level assessment of emerging technologies in H2 production and overview of future research directions.
An ultrasensitive lipid droplet-targeted NIR emission fluorescent probe for polarity detection and its application in liver disease diagnosis
Authors: Tang Yonghe , Song Sirui , Peng Juanjuan , Zhang Qian , Lin Weiying
Published: August 2022

A robust ultrasensitive lipid droplet-targeted NIR emission fluorescent probe for polarity detection was designed to detect liver disease.
Using chiral ammonium cations to modulate the structure of 1D hybrid lead bromide perovskites for linearly polarized broadband light emission at room temperature
Authors: Urban Joanna M. , Jouaiti Abdelaziz , Gruber Nathalie , Delport Géraud , Trippé-Allard Gaëlle , Guillemoles Jean-François , Deleporte Emmanuelle , Ferlay Sylvie , Garrot Damien
Published: August 2022

Low dimensional 1D enantiomerically pure and racemic lead bromide perovskite compounds have been structurally characterized. All compounds show broadband below-bandgap emission. They exhibit a significant degree of linear polarization at RT.
Highly conductive hydrogel sensors driven by amylose with freezing and dehydration resistances
Authors: Gao Yiyan , Gao Yang , Zhang Zhixin , Wang Yuanrui , Ren Xiuyan , Jia Fei , Gao Guanghui
Published: August 2022

The hydrogel exhibited concurrently enhanced mechanical properties, freezing resistance, water retention ability and biocompatibility by introducing AMY, which could serve as a wearable sensor for monitoring human motions and physiological signals.
An ultrastable zinc-based organic framework as a recyclable luminescent probe for methylmalonic acid detection
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Tian Yadong , Shi Jing , Kang Xiaomin , Liu Zhiliang
Published: August 2022

A hydrostable Zn-based MOF as a cyclic luminescent probe for recognizing MMA sensitively and selectively with the lowest detection limit of 1.7 nM.
Focal adhesion kinase priming in pancreatic cancer, altering biomechanics to improve chemotherapy
Authors: Murphy Kendelle J. , Zhu Jessie , Trpceski Michael , Pereira Brooke A. , Timpson Paul , Herrmann David
Published: August 2022

The dense desmoplastic and fibrotic stroma is a characteristic feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), regulating disease progression, metastasis and response to treatment. Reciprocal interactions between the tumour and stroma are mediated by bidirectional integrin-mediated signalling, in particular by Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). FAK is often hyperactivated and overexpressed in aggressive cancers, promoting stromal remodelling and inducing tissue stiffness which can accelerate cancer cell proliferation, survival and chemoresistance. Therapeutic targeting of the PDAC stroma is an evolving area of interest for pre-clinical and clinical research, where a subtle reshaping of the stromal architecture prior to chemotherapy may prove promising in the clinical management of disease and overall patient survival. Here, we describe how transient stromal manipulation (or ‘priming’) via short-term FAK inhibition, rather than chronic treatment, can render PDAC cells exquisitely vulnerable to subsequent standard-of-care chemotherapy. We assess how our priming publication fits with the recent literature and describe in this perspective how this could impact future cancer treatment. This highlights the significance of treatment timing and warrants further consideration of anti-fibrotic therapies in the clinical management of PDAC and other fibrotic diseases.
Effects of Temporal Envelope Cutoff Frequency, Number of Channels, and Carrier Type on Brainstem Neural Representation of Pitch in Vocoded Speech
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Saradha , Luo Xin
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The objective of this study was to determine if and how the subcortical neural representation of pitch cues in listeners with normal hearing is affected by systematic manipulation of vocoder parameters.

Method:

This study assessed the effects of temporal envelope cutoff frequency (50 and 500 Hz), number of channels (1–32), and carrier type (sine-wave and noise-band) on brainstem neural representation of fundamental frequency (
f
o
) in frequency-following responses (FFRs) to vocoded vowels of 15 young adult listeners with normal hearing.

Results:

Results showed that FFR
f
o
strength (quantified as absolute
f
o
magnitude divided by noise floor [NF] magnitude) significantly improved with 500-Hz vs. 50-Hz temporal envelopes for all channel numbers and both carriers except the 1-channel noise-band vocoder. FFR
f
o
strength with 500-Hz temporal envelopes significantly improved when the channel number increased from 1 to 2, but it either declined (sine-wave vocoders) or saturated (noise-band vocoders) when the channel number increased from 4 to 32. FFR
f
o
strength with 50-Hz temporal envelopes was similarly small for both carriers with all channel numbers, except for a significant improvement with the 16-channel sine-wave vocoder. With 500-Hz temporal envelopes, FFR
f
o
strength was significantly greater for sine-wave vocoders than for noise-band vocoders with channel numbers 1–8; no significant differences were seen with 16 and 32 channels. With 50-Hz temporal envelopes, the carrier effect was only observed with 16 channels. In contrast, there was no significant carrier effect for the absolute
f
o
magnitude. Compared to sine-wave vocoders, noise-band vocoders had a higher NF and thus lower relative FFR
f
o
strength.

Conclusions:

It is important to normalize the
f
o
magnitude relative to the NF when analyzing the FFRs to vocoded speech. The physiological findings reported here may result from the availability of
f
o
-related temporal periodicity and spectral sidelobes in vocoded signals and should be considered when selecting vocoder parameters and interpreting results in future physiological studies. In general, the dependence of brainstem neural phase-locking strength to
f
o
on vocoder parameters may confound the comparison of pitch-related behavioral results across different vocoder designs.
Resilient and event‐triggered sliding mode load frequency control for multi‐area power systems under hybrid cyber attacks
Authors: Liu Xinghua , Bai Dandan , Qiao Siwei , Xiao Gaoxi , Ge Shuzhi Sam
Published: August 2022

The attacks on power systems have been happening all the time, and gradually changing from a single attack to hybrid multiple cyber attacks. Such hybrid attacks may cause more catastrophic damages to the security and safety of multi‐area power systems. Here, the security control problem is analyzed for multi‐area power systems under hybrid cyber attacks. Two Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals are constructed, and by utilizing the second‐order canonical Bessel–Legendre inequality, sufficient conditions are derived for stability criteria under resilient event‐triggered mechanism. A bound with security performance is obtained under hybrid cyber attacks. A proper controller is synthesized to ensure that the trajectory of the multi‐area power systems can be driven onto the prescribed sliding surface. Finally, numerical examples and simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed scheme.
Image matching via progressive priors
Authors: Wang Weiqing , Sun Yongrong , Zhao Kedong , Liu Zhong , Luo Wenjun , Qin Jinchang
Published: August 2022

It is a fundamental and challenging issue how to improve the accuracy of image matching in computer vision. To address this issue, an image matching method is proposed, which is via progressive priors of a putative dataset. Distance ratio antecedents of a presumptive dataset are initially employed to calculate a tentative deformation through geometric constraints. Progressive priors of the presumptive dataset, obtained by the tentative deformation, are then engaged to improve the accuracy of image matching by estimating a global deformation. The comparison experiments illustrate that our proposed method more effectively enhances the accuracy of image matching than six state‐of‐the‐art methods.
IterNet++: An improved model for retinal image segmentation by curvelet enhancing, guided filtering, offline hard‐sample mining, and test‐time augmenting
Authors: Zhu M. , Zeng K. , Lin G. , Gong Y. , Hao T. , Wattanachote K. , Luo X.
Published: August 2022

In clinical medicine, the segmentation of blood vessels in retinal images is essential for subsequent analysis in clinical diagnosis. However, retinal images are often noisy and their vascular structure is relatively tiny, which poses significant challenges for vessel segmentation. To improve the performance of vessel segmentation, an improved model IterNet++ based on the architecture of IterNet is proposed. First, curvelet signal analysis is applied to enhance retinal images. Second, residual convolution (ResConv) blocks and guided filters are introduced to utilise the encoder features of previous iterations in the model to reduce overfitting. Third, offline hard‐sample mining is used to improve segmentation performance by utilising training samples with low segmentation accuracy as many possible on a few‐sample training set. In addition, a test‐time augmentation method is applied to testing samples in test dataset during inference. Extensive experiments show that this model achieves Dice scores of 0.8313, 0.8277, and 0.8372 on DRIVE, CHASE‐DB1, and STARE datasets, respectively, demonstrating the best performance compared with IterNet and other baseline models.
A method of underwater bridge structure damage detection method based on a lightweight deep convolutional network
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Sun Heming , Song Taiyi , Zhang Tian , Meng Qinghang
Published: August 2022

The problem of the underwater structure disease of the bridge is increasingly obvious, which has seriously affected the safe operation of the bridge structure, so it is necessary to detect the underwater structure regularly. There are many kinds of bridge underwater structure diseases. This paper targets the bridge underwater structural crack diseases adopts multiple image recognition networks for verification, compares the advantages of different networks, and takes the YOLO‐v4 network as the main body to build a lightweight convolutional neural network.Mobilenetv3 replaced CSPDarkent as the backbone feature extraction network, while the feature layer scale of Mobilenetv3 was modified, and the extracted preliminary feature layer was input into the enhanced feature extraction network for feature fusion. The PANet networks are replaced by the depthwise separable convolution. Using ablation experiments to compare the performance of four algorithm combinations in lightweight networks. At the same time, the disease identification accuracy of each network and the performance of the network are tested in various experimental environments, and the feasibility of the lightweight network is verified in the application of bridge underwater structure damage identification.
Two‐dimensional synthetic aperture imaging of targets behind reinforced concrete walls
Authors: Ghobadi‐Rad Alireza , Tayarani Majid , Dehmollaian Mojtaba
Published: August 2022

Synthetic aperture imaging of targets closely behind a reinforced concrete wall, modelled by a periodic structure by using the proper Green's function (GF) of the structure, is studied. To compute the GF accurately, using the rigorous coupled‐wave analysis (RCWA) is proposed. The radiation of a line source in the spectral domain as a summation of plane waves is represented. Illuminating the periodic structure by each plane wave, Bragg modes by RCWA are computed. Then, the GF is estimated as the superposition of all the Bragg modes' contributions. The numerical Finite Element Method results of COMSOL validate the results of our semi‐analytical approach. Having COMSOL numerically calculated backscattered fields of a target behind the wall and the simple free‐space GF, the synthetic aperture image of a target is not focussed. Employing the phase of the proper GF instead of the simple free‐space GF, the target image is successfully refocussed. The effect of the number of Bragg modes on the estimation of the GF and also uncertainties in the distances between reinforced metallic bars on the target image is investigated.
Stochastic bifurcations and tipping phenomena of insect outbreak systems driven by α-stable Lévy processes
Authors: Yuan Shenglan , Li Yang , Zeng Zhigang
Published: August 2022

In this work, we mainly characterize stochastic bifurcations and tipping phenomena of insect outbreak dynamical systems driven by α-stable Lévy processes. In one-dimensional insect outbreak model, we find the fixed points representing refuge and outbreak from the bifurcation curves, and carry out a sensitivity analysis with respect to small changes in the model parameters, the stability index and the noise intensity. We perform the numerical simulations of dynamical trajectories using Monte Carlo methods, which contribute to looking at stochastic hysteresis phenomenon. As for two-dimensional insect outbreak system, we identify the global stability properties of fixed points and express the probability density function by the stationary solution of the nonlocal Fokker-Planck equation. Through numerical modelling, the phase portrait makes it possible to detect critical transitions among the stable states. It is then worth describing stochastic bifurcation associated with tipping points induced by noise through a careful examination of the dynamical paths of the insect outbreak system with external forcing. The results give new insight into the sensitivity of ecosystems to realistic environmental changes represented by stochastic perturbations.
Kieferorthopädische Mesialisationstherapie der 7er bei nicht-erhaltungswürdigen MIH-Molaren – Indikation, Extraktionszeitpunkt und Prognose
Authors: Kirschneck Christian , Reichert Christoph , Proff Peter
Published: August 2022

Bei von einer Molar-Inzisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) betroffenen Molaren stellt die Extraktionstherapie mit anschließendem kieferorthopädischem Lückenschluss durch Mesialisation der zweiten und – falls möglich – auch dritten Molaren einen validen Behandlungsansatz dar. Eine unreflektierte Extraktion hypomineralisierter Molaren ist aus kieferorthopädischer Sicht jedoch nicht gerechtfertigt. Bei einem gewissen Schweregrad der Hypomineralisation mit schlechter Langzeitprognose der MIH-Molaren und günstigen Faktoren für einen kieferorthopädischen Behandlungserfolg stellt sie jedoch einen validen Behandlungsansatz dar, der gewisse Vorteile gegenüber der prothetisch-restaurativen Therapie bietet. Die Entscheidung zur Extraktion von MIH-Molaren sollte jedoch nicht allein vom (Kinder-)Zahnarzt, Kieferorthopäden oder Kinderarzt getroffen werden, sondern immer gemeinsam nach umfassender interdisziplinärer Diagnostik und gemeinsamer Behandlungsplanung unter Berücksichtigung allgemeiner, lokaler und sekundärer Faktoren. Für den Erfolg der kieferorthopädischen Extraktionstherapie bei MIH ist die Wahl des optimalen Zeitpunkts für die Molarenextraktion in Abhängigkeit vorhandener Zahnengstände entscheidend. Eine frühzeitige Überweisung von Kindern mit MIH an den Kieferorthopäden und eine kieferorthopädische Untersuchung im frühen Wechselgebiss ist sinnvoll, um ein korrektes Timing der kieferorthopädischen Extraktionstherapie und des Lückenschlusses zu ermöglichen.
Herausforderungen bei der Versorgung von Patienten* mit einer Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation
Authors: Schüler Ina M. , Heinrich-Weltzien Roswitha
Published: August 2022

Das heterogene klinische Erscheinungsbild, die häufig assoziierte Hypersensibilität mit erschwerter Anästhesierbarkeit sowie der reduzierte adhäsive Verbund von Zähnen mit Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) stellen die Zahnärzte bei der Behandlung der betroffenen Patienten vor diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderungen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden diese Herausforderungen diskutiert und spezifische Therapieansätze vorgeschlagen. Des Weiteren werden Faktoren dargelegt, die die Einschätzung der Prognose der von MIH betroffenen Zähne erleichtern.
Hypersensibilitäten bei Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation
(MIH)
Authors: Ehlers Vicky , Deschner James
Published: August 2022

Hypersensibilitäten treten häufig bei Kindern mit
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) auf. Diese
Hypersensibilitäten beeinträchtigen das Essen und Trinken mit
kalten und heißen Nahrungsmitteln sowie das Zähneputzen und
führen folglich zu einer Einschränkung der
Lebensqualität dieser Kinder. Durch eine inadäquate
häusliche Mundhygiene kann ferner die Entstehung von Karies
begünstigt werden. Das Wissen über das Erkrankungsbild MIH und
die therapeutischen Optionen ist daher für Zahnmediziner, die Kinder als
Patienten betreuen, unerlässlich. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen
Überblick über die aktuelle Studienlage hinsichtlich
prophylaktischer und therapeutischer Optionen im Zusammenhang mit der Behandlung
von Hypersensibilitäten bei MIH-Zähnen zu liefern und
aufzuzeigen, was für die Kieferorthopäden im Rahmen der
Betreuung von Kindern mit MIH zu beachten ist.
Autologe Brustrekonstruktion und lymphorekonstruktive Chirurgie
nach Mastektomie bei Mammakarzinom-assoziiertem Lymphödem
Authors: Hirche Christoph
Published: August 2022

Das Lymphödem der oberen Extremität nach Mammakarzinom
führt unbehandelt durch chronisch-progredienten Gewebeumbau zu
signifikanten Einschränkungen von Lebensqualität und Funktion,
und kann mit Latenzzeit noch Jahre nach der initialen Tumorbehandlung auftreten.
Sowohl die alleinige autologe Brustrekonstruktion als auch die lymphatische
Chirurgie zur Behandlung des Lymphödems sind wirksam bei der Reduktion
von Volumen, und Umfang sowie funktionellen Beeinträchtigungen und
verbessern die lokale Immunkompetenz, Körperbild und -integrität
sowie Lebensqualität. Physiologische Verfahren, einschließlich
lymphovenöser Anastomsosen (LVA) und vaskularisierte
Lymphknotentransplantation (VLKT), adressieren die Neuordnung und Optimierung
des Lymphabstroms innerhalb der betroffenen Extremität. Bei Patientinnen
mit Mammakarzinom-assoziiertem Lymphödem nach Ablatio und geplantem
Brustaufbau bietet die autologe Brustrekonstruktion in Verbindung mit
lymphatischer Mikrochirurgie durch VLKT, LVA oder die Kombination beider
Verfahren die Option der ganzheitlichen und einzeitigen Wiederherstellung. Die
lokale Narbenlösung in der Axilla ist Teil des chirurgischen Konzepts
für die Rekrutierung von Armlymphkollektoren und Vorbereitung des
Empfängerbetts des VLK Transplanats. In diesem Artikel werden die
Indikationen, die präoperative Diagnostik, die Operationstechnik, die
Ergebnisse sowie Tipps und Tricks zur Durchführung der Kombination als
auch der einzelnen Verfahren dargestellt.
Muss es immer das Abdomen sein? – Alternative Lappen zur
mikrochirurgischen Brustrekonstruktion
Authors: Götzl Rebekka , Boos Anja M. , Beier Justus P.
Published: August 2022

Die DIEP- (Deep inferior epigastric Perforator) oder muskelsparende transverse
Rectus-abdominis-Myokutan-Lappenplastik (ms-TRAM) gilt als Gold-Standard in der
autologen Brustrekonstruktion bei post-Mastektomie Patientinnen. Einige
Patientinnen sind aus verschiedenen Gründen keine geeigneten
Kandidatinnen für eine Gewebeentnahme am Bauch. In diesen Fällen
stehen diverse andere Hebestellen am Oberschenkel (transverse und diagonale
myokutane musculus gracilis Lappenplastik, profunda artery perforator
Lappenplastik, lateral thigh perforator Lappenplastik), am Stamm
(Lumbalarterienperforator-Lappenplastik) und aus der Gesäßregion
(superiore und inferiore Glutealarterien und fasziokutane infragluteale
Lappenplastik) zu Verfügung. Dieser Artikel gibt einige Einblicke in die
Historie, die relevante Anatomie, die chirurgische Technik und neue Anwendungen
wie die Neurotisation alternativer Lappenplastiken zur autologen
Brustrekonstruktion.
Influence of CT metal artifact reduction on SPECT/CT quantification of bone scintigraphy – Retrospective study for selected types of metal implants
Authors: Kugler Amelie , Kuwert Torsten , Ritt Philipp , Grings Andreas
Published: August 2022

Aim Implanted metal prostheses can cause severe artifacts in reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images. To reduce the diagnostic impact of these artifacts and improve attenuation correction in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), an algorithm of iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) for SPECT/CT systems was developed. The aims of this study were (a) to assess the difference in visual image quality by comparing CT and SPECT images reconstructed with and without iMAR and (b) to determine the influence of iMAR on quantitative 99mTc-uptake in SPECT/CT.

Methods This retrospective study includes 21 patients with implanted metal prostheses who underwent SPECT/CT bone scintigraphy. CT data were reconstructed with iMAR and without (noMAR) and were used for attenuation correction of SPECT data for xSPECT Quant and xSPECT Bone reconstruction. The effect of iMAR on image quality was evaluated by visual analysis and the effect on quantitative SPECT/CT was assessed by measuring HU values and absolute uptake values (kBq/mL) in volumes of interest (VOIs).

Results There was a significant reduction of visible metal artifacts with iMAR (p<0.01) in the CT images, but visual differences in the SPECT images were minor. The values of quantitative tracer uptake in VOIs near metal implants were lower for iMAR vs. noMAR xSPECT Quant (p<0.01). Only VOIs near metal showed significant differences in HU values, which were 14.6% lower for iMAR CT (p<0.01).

Conclusion The use of iMAR reduces metal artifacts in CT and improves the perceived image quality. Although in some cases a significant difference in the quantitative evaluation of SPECT/CT was observed, the influence of iMAR can be considered small in relation to other factors in the clinical setting.
The TMD-7 as a Brief Measure for Assessing Temporomandibular Disorder
Authors: Koufos Emily B. , Avila Harold C. , Eckert George , Stewart Kelton T. , Kroenke Kurt , Turkkahraman Hakan
Published: August 2022

Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional prospective study was to determine the internal consistency of the TMD-7, and compare prevalence of TMD symptoms in an adult population.

Materials and Methods Upon presenting to the orthodontic screening appointment, a total of 440 subjects (316 females and 124 males) were asked to complete the TMD-7 questionnaire. A total of 108 of the participants were later excluded from the study either due to the duplicate or missing responses. The final sample consisted of data from 332 participants (232 females and 100 males), aged between 18 and 64 (mean age: 42.9 ± 9.0) years.

Statistical Analysis Cronbach's α statistics were calculated to assess internal consistency. Comparisons between genders, among age categories, and between subjects with versus without prior orthodontic treatment were performed using Wilcoxon ranks sum and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Comparisons for differences in the individual TMD-7 item ratings were performed using Mantel–Haenszel chi-square tests for ordered categorical responses.

Results The calculated Cronbach's α for TMD-7 scale was 0.77. No statistically significant differences were found in the TMD-7 scale score or the individual TMD-7 item ratings between age categories (p = 0.993). Females had significantly higher TMD-7 scale score and higher ratings for headache, pain in jaw, pain in neck, pain in forehead, difficulty opening mouth, and difficulty while eating (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the TMD-7 scale score or the individual TMD-7 item ratings between subjects with versus without previous orthodontic treatment (p = 0.075).

Conclusion The TMD-7 tool has good internal consistency and can be used reliably for assessment of TMD symptoms in adults. The use of this tool revealed no significant differences between age groups or between subjects with or without previous orthodontic treatment. However, a significant female gender predisposition for TMD symptoms in the adulthood was determined.
Stemmed Versus Nonstemmed Tibia in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Similar Pattern of Aseptic Tibial Loosening in Obese Patients with Moderate Varus. 5-Year Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mohammad Molham M. , Elesh Mohammed M. , El-Desouky Ihab I.
Published: August 2022

Obesity is linked to early tibial tray failure after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis (OA), especially in patients with preoperative varus. This study compared standard and stemmed tibiae TKAs in patients with class I and II obesity with varus deformity. Between April 2013 and June 2020, a prospective study was conducted including patients with end-stage OA, body mass index between 30 and 40 kg/m2, and varus <15 degrees. Patients were randomly assigned to TKAs with either standard or long-stemmed tibiae and evaluated 5 years after surgery using the Knee Society Scoring (KSS). The knee society and modified radiographic evaluation systems were used for radiological evaluation. In total, 264 TKAs were performed in 264 patients (134 in the standard group and 130 in the stemmed group). The mean preoperative hip–knee–ankle angles for the standard and stemmed groups were 8.2 ± 3.2 degrees/varus and 9 ± 2.9 degrees/varus, respectively (p = 0.2), which improved to 5.1 ± 3 degrees/valgus and 5 ± 3.5 degrees/valgus after surgery (p = 0.52). There was no statistically significant difference between the objective KSS (92 vs. 92.9; p = 0.84) and the functioning KSS (73.4 vs. 74.8; p = 0.28). There were no aseptic loosening cases or radiographic differences. In-group analysis revealed significant outcomes differences in both groups if preoperative varus was >10 degrees irrespective of the stem design (p < 0.0001). Complications occurred in two patients; one with a late infection and one had a stem-related tibial fracture. Standard tibia TKAs yielded comparable results in obese patients to long-stemmed tibias. No aseptic tibial loosening was observed regardless of stem type, and worse clinical outcomes were associated with greater varus.

Clinical trial registry: registered at http://www.researchregistry.com (researchregistry5717).Level of Evidence II; a prospective randomized trial.
Use of Tympanostomy T-Tube for Endoscopic Endonasal Marsupialization of Small Rathke's Cleft Cysts: A Case Series
Authors: Lazutkin Anna , Hachem Ralph Abi , Codd Patrick J. , Zomorodi Ali R. , Jang David W.
Published: August 2022

Objectives This article describes a novel technique implementing the use of a tympanostomy t-tube to provide long-term marsupialization of small Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs).

Design A retrospective review of electronic medical records was performed to collect demographic and clinical data on a series of four patients.

Setting Academic medical center.

Participants Four female patients (mean age of 34 years) underwent transsphenoidal endoscopic endonasal surgery for RCC. All four patients presented with headaches. Mean cyst size was 7 mm. Two of the four surgeries were revisions for RCC recurrence.

Main Outcome Measures Symptom resolution after surgery, duration of follow-up, and feasibility of the proposed technique.

Results Tympanostomy t-tube was used to marsupialize small RCCs (< 10 mm) for four patients. Three patients remained symptom-free with endoscopy and imaging showing patent t-tubes at 21 months' (range 20–24 months) follow-up. One patient experienced severe migraines immediately after surgery. Migraines were relieved after t-tube was removed 6 weeks after surgery.

Conclusion Tympanostomy t-tubes placed via an endoscopic endonasal approach can provide long-term marsupialization for small RCCs.
Update Ataxie: eine Koordinations- und Gleichgewichtsstörung
Authors: Brötz Doris
Published: August 2022

Was oft mit fahrigen Bewegungen zu Anfang der Erkrankung beginnt, führt bei den Betroffenen dazu, koordinierte Bewegungen immer mehr zu meiden und dann – auch durch dieses Vermeidungsverhalten – zu einem zunehmenden Verlust der Bewegungskontrolle. Mit Physiotherapie lässt sich die Symptomatik durch wiederholtes Üben koordinativ anspruchsvoller Bewegungs-abläufe verbessern.
Ab initio inspection of thermophysical experiments for zirconium near melting
Authors: Paramonov M. A. , Minakov D. V. , Fokin V. B. , Knyazev D. V. , Demyanov G. S. , Levashov P. R.
Published: August 2022

We present quantum molecular dynamics calculations of thermophysical properties of solid and liquid zirconium in the vicinity of melting. An overview of available experimental data is also presented. We focus on the analysis of thermal expansion, molar enthalpy, resistivity, and normal spectral emissivity of solid and liquid Zr. Possible reasons of discrepancies between the first-principles simulations and experiments are discussed. Our calculations reveal a significant volume change on melting in agreement with electrostatic levitation experiments. Meanwhile, we confirm a low value of enthalpy of fusion obtained in some pulse-heating experiments. Electrical resistivity of solid and liquid Zr is systematically underestimated in our simulations, however, the slope of resistivity temperature dependencies agrees with experiments. Our calculations predict almost constant normal spectral emissivity in liquid Zr.
Electrical properties and energy band alignment of SiO2/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor structures fabricated on N-polar GaN(0001¯) substrates
Authors: Mizobata Hidetoshi , Tomigahara Kazuki , Nozaki Mikito , Kobayashi Takuma , Yoshigoe Akitaka , Hosoi Takuji , Shimura Takayoshi , Watanabe Heiji
Published: August 2022

The interface properties and energy band alignment of SiO2/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures fabricated on N-polar GaN(0001¯) substrates were investigated by electrical measurements and synchrotron-radiation x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They were then compared with those of SiO2/GaN MOS structures on Ga-polar GaN(0001). Although the SiO2/GaN(0001¯) structure was found to be more thermally unstable than that on the GaN(0001) substrate, excellent electrical properties were obtained for the SiO2/GaN(0001¯) structure by optimizing conditions for post-deposition annealing. However, the conduction band offset for SiO2/GaN(0001¯) was smaller than that for SiO2/GaN(0001), leading to increased gate leakage current. Therefore, caution is needed when using N-polar GaN(0001¯) substrates for MOS device fabrication.
High-gain high-sensitivity AlGaN/GaN ultraviolet photodetector with effective mechanism for photocurrent collection
Authors: Pu Yuhan , Liang Yung C.
Published: August 2022

A high-performance AlGaN/GaN-based ultraviolet photodetector with a field-enhanced mechanism for photocurrent collection is designed and fabricated in this work. In addition to the inherent polarization field, two additional sets of collection fields are formed from a 2DEG layer to a ITO thin film and from the 2DEG layer to a cathode electrode sinker. The effectiveness in the collection of photogenerated carriers is remarkably enhanced, which leads to a photocurrent of 6.6 mA/mm under the illumination of 365 nm-centered ultraviolet light at an intensity of 1.8 mW/cm2. With an in-built shallow isolation trench, the dark current is suppressed below 40 pA/mm under a device bias of 5.0 V. A photo-to-dark current ratio as high as 1.7 × 108, a record high photo-responsivity over 4.3 × 106 A/W, and a high gain of 1.46 × 107 under 365-nm light are demonstrated by the fabricated prototype, showing great competitiveness in state-of-the-art AlGaN/GaN-based ultraviolet photodetectors.
Molecular dynamics study on the role of Ar ions in the sputter deposition of Al thin films
Authors: Gergs Tobias , Mussenbrock Thomas , Trieschmann Jan
Published: August 2022

Compressive stresses in sputter deposited thin films are generally assumed to be caused by forward sputtered (peened) built-in particles and entrapped working gas atoms. While the former are assumed to be predominant, the effect of the latter on interaction dynamics and thin film properties is scarcely clarified (concurrent or causative). The overlay of the ion bombardment induced processes renders an isolation of their contribution impracticable. This issue is addressed by two molecular dynamics case studies considering the sputter deposition of Al thin films in Ar working gas. First, Ar atoms are fully retained. Second, they are artificially neglected, as implanted Ar atoms are assumed to outgas anyhow and not alter the ongoing dynamics significantly. Both case studies share common particle dose impinging Al(001) surfaces. Ion energies from 3 to 300 eV and Al/Ar+ flux ratios from 0 to 1 are considered. The surface interactions are simulated by hybrid reactive molecular dynamics/force-biased Monte Carlo simulations and characterized in terms of mass density, Ar concentration, biaxial stress, shear stress, ring statistical connectivity profile, Ar gas porosity, Al vacancy density, and root-mean-squared roughness. Implanted Ar atoms are found to form subnanometer sized eventually outgassing clusters for ion energies exceeding 100 eV. They fundamentally govern a variety of surface processes (e.g., forward sputtering/peening) and surface properties (e.g., compressive stresses) in the considered operating regime.
First-principles study on the design of metal-decorated N-doped γ-graphyne as a high capacity CH4 adsorbent
Authors: Zhao Qiuyu , Ju Jiaming , Chen Yuhong , Xu Wenhui , Zhao Yingjie , Zhang Meiling , Sang Cuicui , Zhang Cairong
Published: August 2022

Nitrogen doping γ-graphyne (γ-NGY) is a recently synthesized carbon nitride two-dimensional material with a large specific surface area and unique structure. Based on the first-principles method, the CH4 adsorption properties of γ-NGY are calculated, and a substrate structure Ti-decorated γ-NGY is designed. The results show that the center of the rhombus hole of γ-NGY is the best CH4 adsorption position, and the adsorption energy is −0.145 eV. The most stable binding position of the Ti atom on γ-NGY is also the rhombus hole. The binding energy of a Ti atom is −5.737 eV, and the average binding energy of two Ti atoms is −4.88 eV. Ti-γ-NGY successfully adsorbs 24 CH4 molecules on both sides with an average adsorption energy of −0.184 eV and the storage capacity of 69.12 wt. %. After doping N atoms, the hole size increases, and the negative charges are concentrated on N atoms. The adsorption of CH4 by γ-NGY is mainly the intermolecular force, and the adsorption energy is slightly increased. After the Ti atom transfers the negative charge to the substrate, a strong electric field is formed between the positively charged Ti atom and the negatively charged substrate. The adsorption energy of CH4 molecules near the Ti atom is greatly increased, and the Coulomb attraction between CH4 and Ti atom is dominant. The adsorption energy of the CH4 molecule far away from the Ti atom is also improved, and the intermolecular force between negatively charged substrates and polarized CH4 molecules plays a dominant role in the adsorption.
Importance of feature construction in machine learning for phase transitions
Authors: Jang Inhyuk , Kaur Supreet , Yethiraj Arun
Published: August 2022

Machine learning is an important tool in the study of the phase behavior from molecular simulations. In this work, we use un-supervised machine learning methods to study the phase behavior of two off-lattice models, a binary Lennard-Jones (LJ) mixture and the Widom–Rowlinson (WR) non-additive hard-sphere mixture. The majority of previous work has focused on lattice models, such as the 2D Ising model, where the values of the spins are used as the feature vector that is input into the machine learning algorithm, with considerable success. For these two off-lattice models, we find that the choice of the feature vector is crucial to the ability of the algorithm to predict a phase transition, and this depends on the particular model system being studied. We consider two feature vectors, one where the elements are distances of the particles of a given species from a probe (distance-based feature) and one where the elements are +1 if there is an excess of particles of the same species within a cut-off distance and −1 otherwise (affinity-based feature). We use principal component analysis and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to investigate the phase behavior at a critical composition. We find that the choice of the feature vector is the key to the success of the unsupervised machine learning algorithm in predicting the phase behavior, and the sophistication of the machine learning algorithm is of secondary importance. In the case of the LJ mixture, both feature vectors are adequate to accurately predict the critical point, but in the case of the WR mixture, the affinity-based feature vector provides accurate estimates of the critical point, but the distance-based feature vector does not provide a clear signature of the phase transition. The study suggests that physical insight into the choice of input features is an important aspect for implementing machine learning methods.
Systematic control of collective variables learned from variational autoencoders
Authors: Monroe Jacob I. , Shen Vincent K.
Published: August 2022

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are rapidly gaining popularity within molecular simulation for discovering low-dimensional, or latent, representations, which are critical for both analyzing and accelerating simulations. However, it remains unclear how the information a VAE learns is connected to its probabilistic structure and, in turn, its loss function. Previous studies have focused on feature engineering, ad hoc modifications to loss functions, or adjustment of the prior to enforce desirable latent space properties. By applying effectively arbitrarily flexible priors via normalizing flows, we focus instead on how adjusting the structure of the decoding model impacts the learned latent coordinate. We systematically adjust the power and flexibility of the decoding distribution, observing that this has a significant impact on the structure of the latent space as measured by a suite of metrics developed in this work. By also varying weights on separate terms within each VAE loss function, we show that the level of detail encoded can be further tuned. This provides practical guidance for utilizing VAEs to extract varying resolutions of low-dimensional information from molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations.
Mineralisation and nitrification of biuret and urea nitrogen in two New Zealand forest soils
Authors: Xue Jianming , Clinton Peter W. , Sands Roger , Payn Tim W.
Published: August 2022

Context Biuret has potential to improve tree growth when applied at high rates as a slow-release nitrogen (N) fertiliser. However, there is little comparative research into the transformation of biuret and urea-N in forest soils. Aims This study comparatively investigated the mineralisation, nitrification and immobilisation of biuret and urea-N in two forest soils (a sandy loam soil and a silt loam soil) to further evaluate the suitability of biuret as a slow-release N source. Methods A 112-day long soil C and N mineralisation incubation study was conducted following application of 0, 4.08, 40.8 and 408 mg N kg−1 soil of biuret (referred to as control, B4, B41 and B408) and urea (referred to as control, U4, U41 and U408). CO2-C, microbial biomass C and N, NH4+-N and NO3−-N were measured at six times (on Days 2, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112) to quantify net mineralisation and nitrification. Key results In both soils, biuret (especially in B408) was slowly mineralised with a steady increase in soil NH4+-N while urea was readily hydrolysed with a sharp increase and subsequently considerable decrease in soil NH4+-N. B408 had less nitrification than U408 in both soils, especially during the first 56 days. Conclusions Due to the lower mineralisation, nitrification and greater immobilisation, more biuret-N remained in the soils compared to urea-N. Biuret could be used as a potential slow-release N fertiliser in forest soils. Implications The research findings could have important implications for future biuret fertiliser development for plantation forests.
The hyperfine magnetic fields and the effect of high pressure on the magnetic transition temperatures of the noncentrosymmetric FeRhGe2 compound (B20)
Authors: Salamatin D A , Sidorov V A , Surowiec Z , Bokov A V , Magnitskaya M V , Chtchelkachev N M , Wiertel M , Budzynski M , Tsvyashchenko A V
Published: August 2022

Hyperfine parameters and the pressure dependence of the magnetic transition temperatures of FeRhGe2 have been investigated. Sample has been prepared using high pressure—high temperature synthesis technique. FeRhGe2 consists of two B20 structure phases with close lattice constants. The phase separation stays constant in the temperature range 4–300 K. The magnetic transition temperatures

T

c
1

= 213 K and

T

c
2

= 135 K of FeRhGe2 slightly increases with pressure in the range 0–4.5 GPa. We have compared this pressure dependence with some others compounds in the family Fe

1
−
x

Rh
x
Ge. The two phases in FeRhGe2 have slightly different values of the hyperfine magnetic fields.
Using digital technologies to study the behavior of rubber balloons
Authors: Holovko Mykola , Kryzhanovskyi Serhii , Matsyuk Viktor
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using digital technologies to study the behavior of rubber balloons. The experiment to study the behavior of balloons was presented in a new way using the Vernier measuring system, Logger Pro 3 software, Tracker and Google Sheets. This allowed to significantly optimize the work, reduce measurement time and increase the time required to calculate and analyze the results.