bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Holistic monitoring of increased pollutant loading and its impact on the environmental condition of a coastal lagoon with Ammonia as a proxy for impact on biodiversity
Authors: Sen Areen , Bhadury Punyasloke
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Eutrophication poses a serious threat to the ecological functioning of marginal marine habitats in the era of Anthropocene. Coastal lagoons are particularly vulnerable to nutrient enrichment and associated changes in environmental condition due to their limited marine connection and longer water residence time. Benthic organisms are more susceptible to the impacts of nutrient enrichment as organic carbon produced in water column production gets sequestered in the sediment compartment leading to increased bacterial degradation that may cause hypoxia. Apart from nutrient enrichment, addition of different heavy metals as Potential Toxic Elements (PTE) from industrial sources also impacts the biota. In the present study, the concentrations of different nutrients and PTEs have been measured from the water profile of the World’s second largest coastal lagoon, Chilika. Alongside characterization of the sedimentary organic carbon was also carried out. The globally present coastal benthic foraminiferal genera Ammonia was also tested for its applicability as a biotic indicator of pollution in this habitat. The study was conducted for a period of twelve months. The investigation revealed that concentration of dissolved nitrate in the water column was extremely high along with increased values of sedimentary organic carbon deposit, both of which are characteristics of coastal eutrophication. Intermittent hypoxia within the pore space was also recorded. Characterization of stable isotopes from the sedimentary carbon revealed the origin of it to be autochthonous in nature, thus supporting the idea of nutrient driven increased primary production. Concentrations of PTEs were in most cases below bioavailable values, however occasional high values were also observed. The number of specimens belonging to Ammonia spp. also appeared to be a potent biotic proxy of eutrophication as it displayed significant correlation with both nitrate and concentration of organic carbon.
The CO5 configuration of the 7 km Atlantic Margin Model: Large
scale biases and sensitivity to forcing, physics options and vertical
resolution
Authors: O'Dea Enda , Furner Rachel , Wakelin Sarah , Siddorn John , While James , Sykes Peter , King Robert , Holt Jason , Hewitt Helene
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We describe the physical model component of the standard Coastal Ocean version 5 configuration (CO5) of the European North West Shelf (NWS). CO5 was developed jointly between the Met Office and the National Oceanography Centre. CO5 is designed with the seamless approach in mind, which allows for modeling of multiple timescales for a variety of applications from short-range ocean forecasting through to climate projections. The configuration constitutes the basis of the latest update to the ocean and data assimilation components of the Met Office's operational Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) for the NWS. A 30.5 year non-assimilating control hindcast of CO5 was integrated from January 1981 to June 2012. Sensitivity simulations were conducted with reference to the control run. The control run is compared against a previous non-assimilating Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System (POLCOMS) hindcast of the NWS. The CO5 control hindcast is shown to have much reduced biases compared to POLCOMS. Emphasis in the system description is weighted to updates in CO5 over previous versions. Updates include an increase in vertical resolution, a new vertical coordinate stretching function, the replacement of climatological riverine sources with the pan-European hydrological model E-HYPE, a new Baltic boundary condition and switching from directly imposed atmospheric model boundary fluxes to calculating the fluxes within the model using bulk formula. Sensitivity tests of the updates are detailed with a view to attributing observed changes in the new system from the previous system and suggesting future directions of research to further improve the system.
Benchmarking test of empirical root water uptake models
Authors: dos Santos Marcos Alex , de Jong van Lier Quirijn , van Dam Jos C. , Freire Bezerra Andre Herman
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Detailed physical models describing root water uptake (RWU) are an important tool for the prediction of RWU and crop transpiration, but the hydraulic parameters involved are hardly ever available, making them less attractive for many studies. Empirical models are more readily used because of their simplicity and the associated lower data requirements. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability of some empirical models to mimic the RWU distribution under varying environmental conditions predicted from numerical simulations with a detailed physical model. A review of some empirical models used as sub-models in ecohydrological models is presented, and alternative empirical RWU models are proposed. All these empirical models are analogous to the standard Feddes model, but differ in how RWU is partitioned over depth or how the transpiration reduction function is defined. The parameters of the empirical models are determined by inverse modelling of simulated depth-dependent RWU. The performance of the empirical models and their optimized empirical parameters depends on the scenario. The standard empirical Feddes model only performs well in scenarios with low root length density R, i.e. for scenarios with low RWU compensation. For medium and high R, the Feddes RWU model cannot mimic properly the root uptake dynamics as predicted by the physical model. The Jarvis RWU model in combination with the Feddes reduction function (JMf) only provides good predictions for low and medium R scenarios. For high R, it cannot mimic the uptake patterns predicted by the physical model. Incorporating a newly proposed reduction function into the Jarvis model improved RWU predictions. Regarding the ability of the models to predict plant transpiration, all models accounting for compensation show good performance. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) indicates that the Jarvis (2010) model (JMII), with no empirical parameters to be estimated, is the best model. The proposed models are better in predicting RWU patterns similar to the physical model. The statistical indices point to them as the best alternatives for mimicking RWU predictions of the physical model.
Repeated electromagnetic induction measurements for mapping soil moisture at the field scale: validation with data from a wireless soil moisture monitoring network
Authors: Martini Edoardo , Werban Ulrike , Zacharias Steffen , Pohle Marco , Dietrich Peter , Wollschläger Ute
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements are widely used for soil mapping, as they allow fast and relatively low-cost surveys of soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). Although the use of non-invasive EMI for imaging spatial soil properties is very attractive, the dependence of ECa on several factors challenges any interpretation with respect to individual soil properties or states such as soil moisture (θ). The major aim of this study was to further investigate the potential of repeated EMI measurements to map θ, with particular focus on the temporal variability of the spatial patterns of ECa and θ. To this end, we compared repeated EMI measurements with high-resolution θ data from a wireless soil moisture and soil temperature monitoring network for an extensively managed hillslope area for which soil properties and θ dynamics are known. For the investigated site, (i) ECa showed small temporal variations whereas θ varied from very dry to almost saturation, (ii) temporal changes of the spatial pattern of ECa differed from those of the spatial pattern of θ, and (iii) the ECa–θ relationship varied with time. Results suggest that (i) depending upon site characteristics, stable soil properties can be the major control of ECa measured with EMI, and (ii) for soils with low clay content, the influence of θ on ECa may be confounded by changes of the electrical conductivity of the soil solution. Further, this study discusses the complex interplay between factors controlling ECa and θ, and the use of EMI-based ECa data with respect to hydrological applications.
Hydrodynamics of pedestrians' instability in floodwaters
Authors: Arrighi Chiara , Oumeraci Hocine , Castelli Fabio
Published: January 2017

Abstract. People's safety is the first objective to be fulfilled by flood risk mitigation measures, and according to existing reports on the causes of casualties, most of the fatalities are due to inappropriate behaviour such as walking or driving in floodwaters. Currently available experimental data on people instability in floodwaters suffer from a large dispersion primarily depending on the large variability of the physical characteristics of the subjects. This paper introduces a dimensionless mobility parameter θP for people partly immersed in flood flows, which accounts for both flood and subject characteristics. The parameter θP is capable of identifying a unique threshold of instability depending on a Froude number, thus reducing the scatter of existing experimental data. Moreover, a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model describing the detailed geometry of a human body and reproducing a selection of critical pairs of water depth and velocity is presented. The numerical results in terms of hydrodynamic forces and force coefficients are analysed and discussed. Both the mobility parameter θP and the numerical results hint at the crucial role of the Froude number and relative submergence as the most relevant dimensionless numbers to interpret the loss of stability. Finally, the mobility parameter θP is compared with an analogous dimensionless parameter for vehicles' instability in floodwaters, providing a new contribution to support flood risk management and educating people.
Laboratory experimental investigation of heat transport in fractured media
Authors: Cherubini Claudia , Pastore Nicola , Giasi Concetta I. , Allegretti Nicoletta Maria
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Low enthalpy geothermal energy is a renewable resource that is still underexploited nowadays in relation to its potential for development in society worldwide. Most of its applications have already been investigated, such as heating and cooling of private and public buildings, road defrosting, cooling of industrial processes, food drying systems or desalination. Geothermal power development is a long, risky and expensive process. It basically consists of successive development stages aimed at locating the resources (exploration), confirming the power generating capacity of the reservoir (confirmation) and building the power plant and associated structures (site development). Different factors intervene in influencing the length, difficulty and materials required for these phases, thereby affecting their cost. One of the major limitations related to the installation of low enthalpy geothermal power plants regards the initial development steps that are risky and the upfront capital costs that are huge. Most of the total cost of geothermal power is related to the reimbursement of invested capital and associated returns. In order to increase the optimal efficiency of installations which use groundwater as a geothermal resource, flow and heat transport dynamics in aquifers need to be well characterized. Especially in fractured rock aquifers these processes represent critical elements that are not well known. Therefore there is a tendency to oversize geothermal plants. In the literature there are very few studies on heat transport, especially on fractured media. This study is aimed at deepening the understanding of this topic through heat transport experiments in fractured networks and their interpretation. Heat transfer tests have been carried out on the experimental apparatus previously employed to perform flow and tracer transport experiments, which has been modified in order to analyze heat transport dynamics in a network of fractures. In order to model the obtained thermal breakthrough curves, the Explicit Network Model (ENM) has been used, which is based on an adaptation of Tang's solution for the transport of the solutes in a semi-infinite single fracture embedded in a porous matrix. Parameter estimation, time moment analysis, tailing character and other dimensionless parameters have permitted a better understanding of the dynamics of heat transport and the efficiency of heat exchange between the fractures and the matrix. The results have been compared with the previous experimental studies on solute transport.
Interannual evolutions of (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the Bay of
Biscay
Authors: Charria Guillaume , Theetten Sébastien , Vandermeirsch Frédéric , Yelekçi Özge , Audiffren Nicole
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In the North-East Atlantic Ocean, the Bay of Biscay is an intersection between a coastal constrained dynamics (wide continental shelf and shelf break regions) and an eastern boundary circulation system. In this framework, the eddy kinetic energy is one order of magnitude lower than in western boundary systems. To explore this coastal complex system, a high resolution (1 km, 100 vertical sigma layers) model experiment including tidal dynamics over a period of 10 years (2001–2010) has been implemented. The ability of the numerical environment to reproduce main patterns over interannual scales is demonstrated. Based on this experiment, the features of the (sub)mesoscale processes are described in the deep part of the region (i.e. abyssal plain and continental slope). A system with the development of mixed layer instabilities at the end of winter is highlighted. Beyond confirming an observed behaviour of seasonal (sub)mesoscale activity in other regions, the simulated period allows exploring the interannual variability of these structures. A relationship between winter maximum of mixed layer depth and the intensity of (sub)mesoscale related activity (vertical velocity, relative vorticity) is revealed and can be explained by large scale atmospheric forcings (e.g. the cold winter in 2005). The first high resolution exploration of this 3D coastal system shows the importance of (sub)mesoscale activity in this region and its evolution implying a potential significant impact on vertical and horizontal mixing.
Detecting key actors in interorganizational networks
Authors:   Facultad de Psicología, CP (230001) Carrera # 6. N 97A - 99 Montería (Colombia). ignacio.ramosv@upb.edu.co Departamento de Psicología Social, Facultad de Psicología, Calle Ramón y Cajal s/n, 41018 Sevilla (España). ignacioramosvidal@hotmail.com, Ramos Vidal Ignacio
Published: January 2017

Interorganizational network structure can be modified by the actions of key actors. This paper presents a set of strategies for detecting those actors through Social Network Analysis. To that end the potential of centrality measures, the Key Player Problem and the power of graphic visualization for identifying such actors and determining their ability to generate changes in network structures are introduced. To test the hypothesis under study five interorganizational networks made up of 32 cultural organizations are analyzed. Four types of key player are identified: (a) central actors; (b) intermediary actors; (c) disseminators; and (d) brokers. Each type has a distinct ability to influence network structures. The Structural Social Capital (SSC) in networks is examined in order to identify the elements that characterize each type of key actor. To that end, structural hole measures are evaluated. Two multiple regression models are developed to learn what factors influence SSC. Results show centrality and brokerage have positive impacts on SSC while density and constraint have negative effects. Finally the potential of each group of key actors for implementing strategies focused on optimizing inter-organizational networks is discussed.
Regional development and capital structure of SMEs
Authors:   Departamento de Economía Financiera y Dirección de Operaciones, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 1, 41018 Sevilla (España). fdi@us.es, di Pietro Filippo , Palacín Sánchez María José ,   Departamento de Economía Financiera y Dirección de Operaciones, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 1, 41018 Sevilla (España). palacin@us.es, Roldán José L. ,   Departamento de Administración de Empresas y Marketing, Avenida Ramón y Cajal 1, 41018 Sevilla (España). jlroldan@us.es
Published: January 2017

This article studies the influence of regional institutional environment, measured as regional development, on capital structure of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, the standard firm-factor determinants and the business sector of the firm are also incorporated. To this end, a sample of 6,560 Spanish firms for 2007 is analysed, where all regions of Spain and all sectors, except the financial sector, are considered. Spain provides a suitable and unexplored laboratory for the analysis of regional differences in the financial structure of SMEs, since, on the one hand, SMEs constitute the most relevant firms in this country, and on the other hand, Spain shows regional disparities at various levels. Moreover, the empirical analysis uses Partial Least Squares (PLS), a variance-based structural equation modelling (SEM). In this respect, PLS has several clear advantages to multiple linear regression (MLR). Thanks to this study, how each of these factors explains the variation in the capital structure could be shown. Moreover, the results show that although firm factors and the business sector explain a large proportion of the variance of capital structure of SMEs, it is important to take into account the regional institutional environment to better ascertain the level of debt of SMEs in a single country.
A block-based background model for moving object detection
Authors: Elharrouss Omar , Abbad Abdelghafour , Moujahid Driss , Riffi Jamal , Tairi Hamid
Published: January 2017

Detecting the moving objects in a video sequence using a stationary camera is an important task for many computer vision applications. This paper proposes a background subtraction approach. As first step, the background is initialized using the block-based analysis before being updated in each incoming frame. Our background frame is generated by collecting the blocks background candidates. The block candidate selection is based on probability density function (pdf) computation. After that, the absolute difference between the background frame and each frame of sequence is computed. A noise filter is applied using the Structure/Texture decomposition in order to minimize the noise caused by background subtraction operation. The binary motion mask is formed using an adaptive threshold that was deduced from the weighted mean and variance calculation. To assure the correspondence between the current frame and the background frame, an adaptation of background model in each incoming frame is realized. After comparing results obtained from the proposed method to other existing ones, it was shown that our approach attains a higher degree of efficacy
Los procesos creativos. El caso de un centro de diseño Web
Authors: Serrano Martínez Cecilia , Bergua Amores José Ángel
Published: January 2017

El artículo surge de un estudio etnográfico realizado durante nueve meses en un centro de programadores y diseñadores web. El objetivo es conocer los mecanismos y situaciones que se generan dentro del proceso creativo en un equipo de trabajo considerado como creativo. La hipótesis es que existen ciertos entornos de trabajo, que estimulan conexiones y modos de trabajar por medio de la creatividad (aplicando maneras de trabajar originales, imaginativas, resolutivas, etc). La investigación concluye que existe un equilibrio híbrido entre la vida profesional y el lugar de trabajo, lo cual es decisivo para la localización de los trabajadores creativos
Diseño como proceso iterativo
Authors: Tena Parera Daniel
Published: January 2017

Diseño como proceso iterativo, editorial, 2015
2014, dos años de datos para grafica
Authors: Tena Parera Daniel , Entenza Rodríguez Ana I.
Published: January 2017

El articulo presenta los datos y logros de la edición de grafica durante el año 2014. Se aportan datos objetivos del número de registros, del número de lectores y también se relaciona los títulos de los artículos publicados. Además, se informa de la frecuencia de las palabras clave utilizadas en los artículos, la metodologia utilitzada por los autortes y la orientación en investigación en base a si se formulan preguntes de investigación o bien hipòtesis. Todos estos datos son comparados con los del año anterior lo que permite compararlos y visualitzar major los cambios. Por otra parte, se hace especial mención a la indexación de la revista en latindex y en el directorio DOAJ de revistes editades en Open Accés. Al complir con 30 de los 36 criterios de Latindex se hap odido quedar listada en diferentes bases de datos y catálogos como son ISOC, Dialnet.
Temperature effect on explosion parameters of hydrogen-air deflagrations in presence of water vapor
Authors: Grabarczyk Marcin , Żbikowski Mateusz , Mężyk Łukasz , Teodorczyk Andrzej
Published: January 2017

Results of investigation of hydrogen-air deflagrations phenomenon in closed vessel in various initial temperatures and volume fraction of water
vapor are presented in following paper. Tests were performed in apparatus which construction complies with EN 15967 recommendations—20-litre
sphere. Studied parameters were explosion pressure (Pex) and maximum explosion pressure (Pmax). Defining the influence of the initial conditions
(temperature and amount of water vapor) on the maximum pressure of the hydrogen-air deflagration in a constant volume was the main aim. Initial
temperatures were equal to 373K, 398K and 413K. Initial pressure was ambient (0.1 MPa). Hydrogen volume fraction differed from 15% to 80%,
while humidity volume fraction from 0% to 20%. Ignition source was placed in geometrical center of testing chamber and provided energy between
10-20J from burnout of fuse wire with accordance to abovementioned standard. Common features of all experimentally obtained results were discussed.
Maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) decreases with increasing the initial temperature. Furthermore, addition of the water vapor for constant
initial temperature decreases value of Pmax and shifts the maximum peak to the direction of lean mixtures. Data provided in paper can be useful in
assessment of explosion risk of industry installations working with hydrogen-air atmospheres with high water vapor addition.
Direitos territoriais nas várzeas de Breves, Marajó: novos usos da floresta e distintas percepções sobre o ambiente
Authors: Cornetta Andrei
Published: January 2017

Tem por objetivo discutir e analisar questões referentes aos direitos territoriais de populações ribeirinhas no que diz respeito a novos usos e significados atribuídos às florestas de várzea, particularmente aquelas banhadas pelo rio Mapuá, município de Breves, ilha do Marajó. Discute-se sobre distintas percepções; a atuação de três grupos sobre o mesmo ambiente e as disputas em jogo que surgem das relações entre comunidades camponesas ribeirinhas, o Estado e suas políticas territoriais e uma empresa privada de negócios ambientais que desenvolve atividade vinculada ao mercado internacional de compensação de gases efeito estufa. Diante dos objetivos traçados, o presente artigo trabalha com uma combinação de levantamento e análise bibliográfica, documental, trabalhos de campo e entrevistas circunstanciadas com os diferentes atores envolvidos com a temática investigada. Assim, discutem-se a partir de uma análise qualitativa as coexistências e os antagonismos nas relações que se estabelecem entre as atividades regulares de comunidades rurais – seus usos econômicos e formas de convivência com a floresta amazônica –, a atual política de regularização fundiária destinada às áreas de várzea (particularmente às que são parte do Patrimônio da União) e a introdução de projetos de compensação de gases efeito estufa, especificamente os denominados REDD+ (Redução das Emissões por Desmatamento e Degradação Florestal).
A questão produtiva nas Reservas Extrativistas
Authors: Medina Gabriel Da Silva , Barbosa Claudio Wilson Soares
Published: January 2017

Um dos maiores desafios atuais para o desenvolvimento sustentável da Amazônia é a inclusão produtiva das populações locais, em particular aquelas que vivem em Unidades de Conservação de Uso Sustentável (UC), como as Reservas Extrativistas (Resex). Este artigo descreve os principais sistemas produtivos das populações da Resex Verde para Sempre: manejo de búfalos, extração de madeira e manejo de pesca. Os resultados revelam que esses sistemas tradicionais estão ameaçados pela burocracia governamental, que nega a possibilidade de criação de grandes animais em UCs, mesmo quando a atividade é anterior à criação da unidade; define planos formais de manejo florestal como única opção para o uso comercial das florestas, inclusive com requerimentos inacessíveis para as famílias; e não reconhece os acordos de pesca elaborados pelas comunidades. Sem alternativas para a geração de renda, as famílias estão sendo condenadas à pobreza, à ilegalidade e ao êxodo rural. Tratar da questão produtiva é fundamental para o futuro das Resex no Brasil.
Sociedade, política e natureza. conhecimento para qual sustentabilidade?
Authors: Leff Enrique
Published: January 2017

Sociedade, política e natureza. Conhecimento para qual sustentabilidade?
Researcher to Researcher – Impactful and Impact Factor
Authors: Goodwill Joseph E.
Published: January 2017

Research efforts must engage in fundamental work, attempting to increase our scientific understanding of natural and engineered environmental systems. In our water research endeavors, it is important to remember that the impact of sustainable and resilient water systems on a society are more important than the impact factor of any particular publication or person.
Danskernes smag for litteratur
Authors: Hjarvard Stig
Published: January 2017

Stig Hjarvard: “The Danes’ Taste for Literature”On the basis of a nationwide survey among book readers in Denmark it is demonstrated how literary taste preferences and reading behavior are related to social and cultural divisions as well as demographic differences in terms of age and gender. A model of two types of reading is developed to consider the appreciations implicated in the reading of fiction. A majority of Danish readers has a preference for an experiencing type of reading while a minority prefers a more distant and evaluative type of reading.
La criminalité environnementale est-elle neutralisable ? Une analyse appliquée au cas Trafigura/Probo-Koala
Authors: Manirabona1 Amissi , Duval Marie-Chloé
Published: January 2017

Cet article a pour objectif de vérifier si les crimes environnementaux peuvent faire l’objet d’une neutralisation à l’instar des crimes en col blanc. En effet, depuis quelques années, une littérature scientifique abondante a relevé l’emploi d’excuses, de justifications ou d’un langage banalisant la gravité des comportements déviants par les personnes physiques ou morales impliquées dans la criminalité économique. Étant donné que la criminalité en col blanc est généralement non violente, la question est alors de savoir si les crimes environnementaux commis avec violence peuvent faire l’objet de discours de neutralisation. L’article est basé sur l’analyse des communiqués et discours produits par l’entreprise Trafigura après le déversement des déchets toxiques à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) ayant fait plus de dix morts et des milliers de blessés. Le constat qui est fait est que la criminalité environnementale, bien que pouvant présenter des caractéristiques qui la rapprochent des crimes violents, fait appel à presque les mêmes techniques de neutralisation que la criminalité en col blanc. En définitive, il est possible de conclure que malgré sa violence, la criminalité environnementale est essentiellement considérée par les délinquants comme une criminalité économique. Bien évidemment, cette ressemblance n’empêche pas les entreprises de contextualiser leurs manoeuvres de neutralisation en tenant compte de l’environnement social, économique et politique dans lequel survient la criminalité environnementale.
La lutte contre le commerce illégal d’espèces sauvages
Authors: Bernard1 Tiphaine
Published: January 2017

Cet article propose de traiter de la lutte contre le commerce illégal des espèces sauvages. Il y est donc fait état de l’ampleur de ce commerce et notamment de l’implication de groupes criminels organisés dans celui-ci. De plus, l’auteure explique que les conséquences de ce commerce, qui restent encore trop méconnues, sont multiples et inquiétantes. Les conventions et les législations apparaissent dès lors comme inadaptées bien qu’un cadre de référence soit défini par la Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d’extinction. En outre, la lutte contre les trafics est également le fait d’acteurs non étatiques dont le rôle continue de s’accroître en complément des interventions nationales. Finalement, l’auteure propose des solutions qui pourraient être mises en oeuvre, notamment la prise d’actions sur le plan local qui permettrait de régler le problème de manière globale.
Colonialisme et pollution environnementale
Authors: Farget1 Doris
Published: January 2017

Sachant que la contamination de l’environnement altère, limite ou élimine l’accès à certains domaines utilisés ou revendiqués par des peuples autochtones, notamment le territoire, la faune et la flore, quels sont les effets de la pollution de l’environnement sur les droits de ces peuples ? Dans le cadre de cet article, nous soutenons l’idée selon laquelle les effets de la pollution environnementale prolongent ou reproduisent ceux du colonialisme sur le plan des droits reconnus et de la normativité autochtone. C’est à travers cette lunette que nous analysons l’exercice ou l’accès à certains droits reconnus aux peuples autochtones dans un contexte de contamination environnementale, puis que nous analysons le type d’effet que celle-ci produit.
La nécessité d’associer la biopiraterie à la criminalité environnementale en droit international
Authors: Djemba Kandjo1 Joseph , Koutouki Konstantia
Published: January 2017

Les récents développements de la criminologie environnementale – un nouveau domaine en émergence – montrent que certains types d’utilisation des ressources génétiques peuvent être qualifiés de criminogènes. Cette étape importante permettrait d’associer à la criminalité environnementale certains actes susceptibles de provoquer l’érosion de la biodiversité et les connaissances traditionnelles associées aux ressources génétiques. La biopiraterie est considérée par de nombreux observateurs comme l’un de ces actes, mais qui échappe encore au domaine d’infractions des crimes contre l’environnement comme défini par le droit international. Cet article examine dans quelle mesure la biopiraterie pourrait faire partie du domaine d’infraction du droit pénal international de l’environnement pour une meilleure protection de la biodiversité et des connaissances traditionnelles associées aux ressources génétiques en droit international.
Crimes environnementaux : si la pollution de l’eau tue… malheureusement elle rapporte !
Authors: Paquerot1 Sylvie
Published: January 2017

Qualifier la pollution de l’eau de crime peut sembler à première vue relever du sens commun et une telle pollution est déjà considérée comme un crime dans certains pays, à certaines conditions. Il importe toutefois de se demander ce qu’apporterait concrètement, pour lutter contre la dégradation et la pollution des ressources en eau, vitales, une telle criminalisation à l’échelle internationale. Du point de vue du message, la catégorie de crimes environnementaux aurait certes l’avantage de signifier la gravité des conséquences pour la société, et pour l’humanité. Dans ce domaine, comme pour les violations massives des droits humains, une telle criminalisation pourrait également contribuer à faire reculer, sinon l’impunité, du moins le sentiment d’impunité. Il demeure toutefois que la sanction effective de tels crimes requiert des conditions précises, souvent difficiles à satisfaire ; ainsi en est-il du fardeau de la preuve d’une part, et de la volonté politique d’autre part.
L’environnement sous haute surveillance ? Éclairage sur plus de quarante ans d’action publique au Canada
Authors: Daviault1 Ariane , Amicelle Anthony
Published: January 2017

Tout au long de la décennie où le gouvernement conservateur de Stephen Harper a été au pouvoir, ce dernier a été fortement critiqué sur les questions environnementales. Dans le cadre du présent article, nous souhaitons resituer cette période d’action gouvernementale canadienne dans un temps plus long, débutant en 1971 avec la création d’Environnement Canada. Il s’agit ainsi de revenir sur les modalités de constitution et de gestion de l’environnement en tant que problème public nécessitant une action de l’État au Canada. Pour ce faire, l’objectif premier consiste à montrer comment, sous les gouvernements successifs, l’environnement et sa protection ont été pensés et progressivement transformés en tant qu’enjeu de politique publique au Canada. Puis, nous allons confronter dans un second temps ces récits officiels aux mesures concrètes de prise en charge des infractions liées à l’application de la Loi canadienne sur la protection de l’environnement (LCPE), soit la principale loi fédérale en matière d’environnement. Ainsi, il s’agit de relever les évolutions ainsi que les points de tension et les paradoxes qui sont au coeur de cette action publique en faveur de l’environnement. Finalement, nous reviendrons en conclusion sur ce que cette démarche croisée nous montre concernant l’impulsion et la direction données à la protection de l’environnement par les équipes gouvernementales canadiennes qui se sont succédé lors des quarante-cinq dernières années.
Des savoirs policiers sur les « mouvements marginaux ». Les constructions du projet GAMMA du SPVM1
Authors: Dominique-Legault2 Pascal
Published: January 2017

Contribuant à la littérature sociologique et criminologique sur la police en contexte de foule et sur la marginalité, cet article présente une analyse de la construction des savoirs policiers relatifs à l’implantation, en 2010, du controversé projet GAMMA (Guet des activités et des mouvements marginaux et anarchistes) du Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM). Des documents obtenus, au terme d’un épisode juridique de plus de deux ans, montrent que loin de reposer uniquement sur des événements criminalisables, la mise en place de GAMMA puise plus fondamentalement dans une problématisation de la marginalité politique de groupes sociaux. Nous présentons comment les mouvements marginaux sont implicitement opérationnalisés en indicateurs visibles et comment la problématisation de convictions politiques spécifiques et de caractéristiques, loin de constituer des indicateurs de criminalité, amalgame ces mouvements à un potentiel criminel, enjoignant les policiers de GAMMA à adopter des attitudes de suspicion généralisée à leur égard. L’article explore la subjectivité des savoirs policiers sur lesquels repose l’institutionnalisation, à l’échelle municipale, d’une réponse policière supplémentaire ciblant de façon différentielle ces mouvements marginaux. Nous inscrivons nos résultats de recherche au sein de la littérature scientifique, notamment au regard des thèses de la « neutralisation stratégique », du « contrôle intelligent » et des « paysages d’exclusion ».
Dyslexie et adaptation didactique de l’écrit au collège. Production de contes en groupe et besoins particuliers d’élèves de sixième
Authors: Marsat Martine
Published: January 2017

Cet article de recherche vise à examiner des adaptations didactiques et des pratiques d’enseignement de la langue française en lien avec les savoirs scolaires conventionnels. L’originalité de l’étude réside dans le choix de la situation didactique et dans son aménagement pour permettre à tous les élèves, y compris à des élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers de trois classes de sixième d’un collège, de produire des écrits à partir de l’exploitation du conte. L’analyse qualitative des productions, notamment de celles d’élèves dyslexiques, s’attache à montrer certains effets produits par le dispositif didactique et les procédures mises en oeuvre pour répondre au problème posé par leur déficit langagier.

Les résultats valident nos hypothèses et apportent un éclairage sur les enjeux relationnels de réciprocité et d’ouverture entre pairs. Ils montrent, de manière significative, le rôle constructif des interactions sociales dans l’essor des compétences scripturales et créatives en production de contes.
Formation à l’observation de futurs intervenants éducatifs en rugby : quelles conséquences pour leur conception du jeu?
Authors: Uhlrich Gilles , Éloi Serge
Published: January 2017

Cet article théorique s’inscrit dans le champ de l’analyse de l’activité humaine. Nous nous intéressons au développement d’étudiants en formation initiale en Sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives, spécialistes de rugby. Nous repérons les moments d’un processus de genèse instrumentale (Rabardel, 1995) d’étudiants qui utilisent un artefact matériel, sous la forme d’un logiciel informatique dédié à la description du jeu de rugby à 7. En mobilisant la démarche technologique, nous identifions au fil du module de formation des comportements révélateurs d’une appropriation du logiciel. La controverse entre les étudiants à propos de la qualification des phases de jeu, que l’utilisation de l’outil informatique provoque, contribue à développer autant la phase d’instrumentation (prise en main de l’outil) que la phase d’instrumentalisation (mise à leur main de l’instrument). Ce double processus amène les étudiants à alimenter initialement le registre de technicité de lecture du rugby, développant ainsi leur compétence à lire le jeu qui se déroule sous leurs yeux.
YAP/TAZ initiate and maintain Schwann cell myelination
Authors: Grove Matthew , Kim Hyukmin , Santerre Maryline , Krupka Alexander J , Han Seung Baek , Zhai Jinbin , Cho Jennifer Y , Park Raehee , Harris Michele , Kim Seonhee , Sawaya Bassel E , Kang Shin H , Barbe Mary F , Cho Seo-Hee , Lemay Michel A , Son Young-Jin
Published: January 2017

Nuclear exclusion of the transcriptional regulators and potent oncoproteins, YAP/TAZ, is considered necessary for adult tissue homeostasis. Here we show that nuclear YAP/TAZ are essential regulators of peripheral nerve development and myelin maintenance. To proliferate, developing Schwann cells (SCs) require YAP/TAZ to enter S-phase and, without them, fail to generate sufficient SCs for timely axon sorting. To differentiate, SCs require YAP/TAZ to upregulate Krox20 and, without them, completely fail to myelinate, resulting in severe peripheral neuropathy. Remarkably, in adulthood, nuclear YAP/TAZ are selectively expressed by myelinating SCs, and conditional ablation results in severe peripheral demyelination and mouse death. YAP/TAZ regulate both developmental and adult myelination by driving TEAD1 to activate Krox20. Therefore, YAP/TAZ are crucial for SCs to myelinate developing nerve and to maintain myelinated nerve in adulthood. Our study also provides a new insight into the role of nuclear YAP/TAZ in homeostatic maintenance of an adult tissue.
The use of gene interaction networks to improve the identification of cancer driver genes
Authors: Ramsahai Emilie , Walkins Kheston , Tripathi Vrijesh , John Melford
Published: January 2017

Bioinformaticians have implemented different strategies to distinguish cancer driver genes from passenger genes. One of the more recent advances uses a pathway-oriented approach. Methods that employ this strategy are highly dependent on the quality and size of the pathway interaction network employed, and require a powerful statistical environment for analyses. A number of genomic libraries are available in R. DriverNet and DawnRank employ pathway-based methods that use gene interaction graphs in matrix form. We investigated the benefit of combining data from 3 different sources on the prediction outcome of cancer driver genes by DriverNet and DawnRank. An enriched dataset was derived comprising 13,862 genes with 372,250 interactions, which increased its accuracy by 17% and 28%, respectively, compared to their original networks. The study identified 33 new candidate driver genes. Our study highlights the potential of combining networks and weighting edges to provide greater accuracy in the identification of cancer driver genes.
Computer simulation of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation—validation analysis of hemodynamics parameters
Authors: Kumar Y. Kiran , Mehta Shashi Bhushan , Ramachandra Manjunath
Published: January 2017

Problem

The purpose of this work is to provide some validation methods for evaluating the hemodynamic assessment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation (CAVM). This article emphasizes the importance of validating noninvasive measurements for CAVM patients, which are designed using lumped models for complex vessel structure.

Methods

The validation of the hemodynamics assessment is based on invasive clinical measurements and cross-validation techniques with the Philips proprietary validated software’s Qflow and 2D Perfursion.

Results

The modeling results are validated for 30 CAVM patients for 150 vessel locations. Mean flow, diameter, and pressure were compared between modeling results and with clinical/cross validation measurements, using an independent two-tailed Studentttest. Exponential regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between blood flow, vessel diameter, and pressure between them. Univariate analysis is used to assess the relationship between vessel diameter, vessel cross-sectional area, AVM volume, AVM pressure, and AVM flow results were performed with linear or exponential regression.

Discussion

Modeling results were compared with clinical measurements from vessel locations of cerebral regions. Also, the model is cross validated with Philips proprietary validated software’s Qflow and 2D Perfursion. Our results shows that modeling results and clinical results are nearly matching with a small deviation.

Conclusion

In this article, we have validated our modeling results with clinical measurements. The new approach for cross-validation is proposed by demonstrating the accuracy of our results with a validated product in a clinical environment.
Causal events enter awareness faster than non-causal events
Authors: Moors Pieter , Wagemans Johan , de-Wit Lee
Published: January 2017

Philosophers have long argued that causality cannot be directly observed but requires a conscious inference (Hume, 1967). Albert Michotte however developed numerous visual phenomena in which people seemed to perceive causality akin to primary visual properties like colour or motion (Michotte, 1946). Michotte claimed that the perception of causality did not require a conscious, deliberate inference but, working over 70 years ago, he did not have access to the experimental methods to test this claim. Here we employ Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS)—an interocular suppression technique to render stimuli invisible (Tsuchiya & Koch, 2005)—to test whether causal events enter awareness faster than non-causal events. We presented observers with ‘causal’ and ‘non-causal’ events, and found consistent evidence that participants become aware of causal events more rapidly than non-causal events. Our results suggest that, whilst causality must be inferred from sensory evidence, this inference might be computed at low levels of perceptual processing, and does not depend on a deliberative conscious evaluation of the stimulus. This work therefore supports Michotte’s contention that, like colour or motion, causality is an immediate property of our perception of the world.
Intento e Ideación Suicida en Consultantes a Salud Mental: Estilos Depresivos, Malestar Interpersonal y Satisfacción Familiar
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Morales Susana , Echávarri Orietta ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Barros Jorge ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Maino María de la Paz ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile,   Universidad Gabriela Mistral, Chile, Fischman Ronit ,   Instituto Milenio de Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, Chile, Núñez Catalina ,   Instituto Milenio de Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, Chile, Moya Claudia ,   Universidad San Sebastián, Chile, Monari Marietta ,   Santiago, Chile
Published: January 2017

Se estudió la relación entre estilo de vivencia depresiva, satisfacción familiar, malestar en las relaciones interpersonales y conducta suicida en 405 consultantes a salud mental en la Región Metropolitana, Chile, a través de una muestra intencionada. Se clasificaron en: intento de suicidio de alta gravedad, intento de suicidio de baja gravedad, ideación suicida y sin conducta suicida. Se utilizaron los instrumentos DEQ, OQ-45.2, APGAR, RFL, Escala de Riesgo-Rescate y Escala de Intención Suicida. Se realizaron ANOVA, 2 y modelos de mediación y moderación de procesos condicionales. El grupo con intento suicida de alta gravedad mostró una predominancia del estilo dependiente. Hubo una alta presencia del estilo autocrítico en la muestra total, especialmente en el grupo con ideación suicida. Los grupos con riesgo suicida presentaron mayores índices disfuncionales de malestar interpersonal y una mayor percepción de disfuncionalidad familiar grave que el grupo sin conducta suicida. La satisfacción con el funcionamiento familiar mostró un efecto en la intencionalidad de morir al momento del intento de suicidio. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia del funcionamiento familiar y las relaciones interpersonales en el riesgo suicida.