bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSUMER EXPERIENCE AS A FACTOR OF STUDENT LOYALTY IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Sotikova Natalija
Published: May 2021

Intensive competition in contemporary education market makes higher educational institutions choose market focused strategy in order to make their offer outstand their other competitors. Defining the factors of experience development, their impact on satisfaction and loyalty of foreign students would help higher educational institutions to create positive experience for foreign students that would later, thanks to this experience, can become loyal and spread positive information about the higher educational institution. Research of these factors is especially topical for Latvia because one of the main directions for development of the state educational system is integration in international educational system. The objective of research is to study the impact of experience developing factors on forming satisfaction and loyalty in higher education. Survey has been used as a research method, questionnaire covered foreign students in Latvia. Data analysis has been conducted with frequency analysis, calculations of central tendency indicators, correlation analysis and path analysis. As a result, it was found that satisfaction with higher educational institution was mainly formed with its capability to fulfil its obvious functions, that is provide qualitative education corresponding with expectations of foreign students. The analysis of impact of general satisfaction with higher educational institution on loyalty demonstrated very strong positive influence: the higher the satisfaction, the more likely foreign students would consider studies in particular higher educational institution to be useful for other foreign students and advise it.
NEED FOR VALUE EDUCATION AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION
Authors: Rajevska Feliciana , Kūkoja Katrīne
Published: May 2021

For a peaceful world and society, it is essential for cultures to be developed and transformed through common values, and value education is one of the main ways to do that since core values are formed from an early age. But when society is going through a radical transformation process as it is in the case of Latvia, it is difficult to avoid anomie when different and conflicting ideas, memories and norms exist in society.The aim of the research is to explore and analyse the tendencies of the main values in the society of Latvia across different age groups, to see how the situation has developed and what are the main values that need to be stressed through value education in the ongoing educational reform process. To reach the aim of the research, a literature review as well as the analysis of the European Social Survey (2008 and 2018) data was conducted.The research results show some shift in values of the society in Latvia mainly due to priorities of younger generation in the period from 2008 to 2018: universal values have replaced self-direction values as the third most common value in the society of Latvia. In the case of younger generations value perception is indefinite. Partly this is due to the lack of focus on values in our education system since the restoration of independence. There is a need to strengthen the motivational values connected with conformity, self-direction, stimulation and universalism (tolerance) through value education.  It is desirable to highlight the values of achievement such as creativity and desire to succeed, as they are essential for the knowledge society and stimulate motivation for entrepreneurship.
ACTUALITY APPLICATION OF LEGAL PRINCIPLES DURING EMERGENCY SITUATION
Authors: Krampuža Ilga
Published: May 2021

The objective of the research is to analyse the determining principles of the existing and possible limitations and their comprehension during the emergency situation. The tasks of the research are as follows: 1) taking into consideration the limitations and the support measures of the emergency situation identify the principles of the court, which are related to every of these cases, in order to provide the most possible precise compliance of legal solutions to the particular situation; 2) to keep up to date the principles, which are binding to the public administration’s actions during the conditions of the emergency situation.Comparative method has been used for research of the basic principles. The comprehension of the general law in the jurisprudence of the Republic of Latvia’s Constitutional court has been looked for using the historical method, applying these conclusions to the emergency situation. The basic principles for the determining of both the limitations and the support measures have been discussedas well as for the providing of the public administration’s actions by the help of the analytical method. It has been concluded in the research that a good comprehension of the community on its rights and duties, which arises from the nature of the legal principals typical for the emergency situation, will ensure that the community will follow them more willingly and will take them into consideration more effectively. The explanation of the limitations’ influence and meaning to the community takes place through both the implementation demand of the already determined limitations and, particularly separately educating the inhabitants on them. The communication of the legislator with the community has to be developed on the basis of these principles. The effect to be achieved depends on the fact how successful the educating of the community on its rights and duties will be.
RESILIENCE OF CHRONICALLY ILL: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Zelčāne Elīna , Pipere Anita
Published: May 2021

In the field of psychology resilience of the chronically ill has been studied mostly using quantitative research methods, but there are much fewer qualitative studies. This scoping review aims to collect definitions of resilience, find out, whether resilience development strategies are mentioned and what research approaches are used in qualitative studies about the resilience of the chronically ill. The review was conducted, following the 5-stage framework by Arksey and O’Malley, PRISMA guidelines, and searching in PubMed, PsychInfo, and Scopus databases. The main keywords (patients with chronic illness, resilience, strategies, qualitative studies) were selected according to the Participants/Concept/Context (PCC) framework, 21 articles were included in the review. Resilience mostly was defined as the ability to recover, return to normality, and adapt to new conditions after experiencing stress, illness, or other negative events. In several studies, other terms like coping, personal strength, self-management, and psychological growth were used instead. Lived experiences of the chronically ill show that resilience is not a stable ability, it changes over time. Resilience can be developed, using different strategies, such as having a positive mindset, learning new skills, accepting help, or promoting a healthy lifestyle. Qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis were the most often used research approaches in qualitative studies about the resilience of the chronically ill.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AND SELF-CARE STRATEGIES OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN LATVIA
Authors: Bundzena-Ervika Aiva , Mārtinsone Kristīne , Perepjolkina Viktorija , Ruža Aleksejs , Koļesņikova Jeļena , Rancāns Elmārs
Published: May 2021

As the worldwide pandemic of Covid-19 continues, health-care professionals (HCP) have been exposed to different hazards, and there is a need to explore psychological resilience in crisis situations, and to give recommendations for its strengthening. The aim of this study was to examine relationship between psychological resilience and self-care strategies in HCP of Latvia, controlling for gender and age during Covid-19 pandemic, and to determine whether the psychological resilience and self-care strategies differ between HCP and professionals in other fields (POF) unrelated to healthcare. Method. The sample consisted of 1723 employees, who during the state of emergency continued to work in their profession; they were divided in two groups - 77 HCP (18 men, 59 women, age M = 46.23 (SD = 14.43)) and 1646 POF (720 men, 926 women, age M = 44.98 (SD = 11.93)) as comparison group. Specific data of national representative cross-sectional online survey (N = 2608), performed in July, 2020, were selected – demographic items, 7 items forming Psychological Resilience Scale and 17 item forming Self–care Strategies Questionnaire (consist of 4 scales: “Spiritual resources”, “Social support”, “Free time activities”, “Time management”). Results. “Time management” was only predictive for Self-care strategy for psychological resilience in both HCP and POF group. Neither age nor gender predicted psychological resilience in HCP group. No statistically significant differences for major variables between HCP and POF were found. Conclusions. The results suggest that performing such Self-care activity as time management can help to promote psychological resilience of the employees regardless of profession. Given the workload of HCP in pandemic, this is an important result. HCP psychological resilience and used self-care strategies during COVID-19 are not different from POF.
INFLUENCE OF COPING STRATEGIES ON THE STUDENT’S WELL-BEING IN CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Vavilova Alyona
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of student's coping strategies influence on the level of their subjective well-being in conditions of distance learning. It was found that student's coping strategies have an impact on the level of their psychological comfort. Using regression analysis it was revealed that the variability of student's life well-being is determined by the following coping strategies: positive self-esteem; responsibility; planning; escape and self-control. It was developed the typology of students in the conditions of distance education, which includes such indicators of dominant coping strategies: the level of psychological comfort, dominant coping and measure of stress tolerance. According to the certain typology, three types of students were defined: 1) adaptive type (high indicators of well-being, high indicators of tolerance to stress, dominant strategies “self-esteem”, “responsibility” and “planning” ); 2) maladaptive type (low indicators of well-being, low indicators of tolerance to stress, dominant coping “escape”); 3) average adaptive type (average indicators of well-being, average indicators of tolerance to stress; dominant strategies “responsibility”, “self-control”, low indicators of coping “positive self-esteem”). The results of the study indicate that students who are best adapted to distance learning and have a high level of psychological comfort tend to evaluate themselves positively, treat work responsibly, plan their studies and have an average level of self-control.
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES DURING THE PANDEMIC: THE EXPERIENCES OF LITHUANIAN PSYCHOLOGISTS
Authors: Vaičekauskaitė Rita , Babarskienė Jurgita , Grubliauskienė Jūratė
Published: May 2021

With the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions, many countries face an unprecedented mental health crisis, which is being addressed in various ways, including the use of remote mental health services. Lithuania faced two quarantines: in March-June of 2020 and starting November 2020 up to Spring of 2021.  The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of Lithuanian psychologists providing mental health services during the pandemic.  Using the qualitative content analysis method, the following categories were made: from shock to discovery of new opportunities (differences in two lockdowns, better accessibility of services, help-seeking during the pandemic, and the importance of self-care) and contextual challenges (confidentiality, computer literacy, and blurred home/work boundaries). Implications for addressing psychological service issues are discussed, with an emphasis on self-care, setting boundaries, and finding new ways to enhance mental health via mediated communication as well as to reach out to vulnerable groups.
NEUROTICISM AND NEGATIVE RELIGIOUS COPING: THE MEDIATING AND MODERATING ROLES OF RELIGIOSITY AND THE IMAGE OF GOD
Authors: Trups-Kalne Ingrīda , Perepjolkina Viktorija , Lietaviete Inese
Published: May 2021

Several studies have found correlations between neuroticism as one of personality traits and used negative religious coping strategies in difficult life situations, which in turn has a negative impact on physical and mental health outcomes. Therefore, it is important to explore the explanatory factors for the association between neuroticism and negative religious coping. This study aims at investigating whether there is a mediator effect of the image of God and a moderator effect of religiosity on the relation between neuroticism and the use of negative religious coping strategies. The group of respondents consisted of 336 Latvian-speaking Roman Catholic adults aged 18 to 86 (M = 44.42; SD = 12.90, 74.9 % women). The data was collected by an online survey with the following instruments: the Brief RCOPE, the God Image Scale, the Latvian Personality Inventory LPAv-3, the Centrality of Religiosity Scale CRS-5 and the Socio-demographic Inventory. The results of this study revealed that the image of God has a partial mediating effect on the relation between neuroticism and negative religious coping. The study also indicated that religiosity is a moderator in relationship between neuroticism and negative religious coping – the higher the degree of religiosity the closer the relation between neuroticism and negative religious coping. The outcomes of the study can be used as basis for religious interventions in psychotherapy, as well as health-care consulting and pastoral counselling aimed at reducing the negative impact of negative religious coping on physical and psychological health.
PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL HELP PROVIDERS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION
Authors: Akmane Elīna , Mārtinsone Kristīne , Krieķe Zane , Perepjolkina Viktorija , Drunka Agnese , Kolmane Agnese
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research was to develop multiscale questionnaire of professional identity (PI) and to test its psychometric properties. This research was conducted in 3 phases. During the first phase a scoping review, a focus group discussion, and a rapid literature review were conducted to identify the criteria of PI. Survey items were constructed and assessed in the second phase. The data were collected, and the psychometric properties were examined in the third phase. The survey was completed by 239 psychological help providers in Latvia (psychiatrists (n = 13), nurses (n = 37), psychotherapists (n = 8), art therapists (n = 45), psychologists (n = 55), psychotherapy specialists (n = 28) and social workers (n = 53)) aged between 22 and 80 years (M = 45.8; SD = 10.6) of which 95% women (n = 227) and 5% men (n = 12). As a result, 8 factors structure was confirmed (k = 38). Overall, it can be concluded that the survey examines a unified phenomenon, and the items are internally consistent on all scales (α = .715 - .873). The development of this questionnaire is an important step towards the research of PI.
Cultural Issues Related to ICD-11 Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Sharan Pratap , Hans Gagan
Published: May 2021

The challenge of producing a classificatory system that is truly representative of different regions and cultural variations is difficult. This can be conceptualized as an ongoing process, achievable by constant commitment in this regard from various stakeholders over successive generations of the classificatory systems. The objective of this article is to conduct a qualitative review of the process and outcome of the efforts that resulted in the ICD-11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders becoming a global classification. The ICD-11 represents an important, albeit iterative, advance in the classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders. Significant changes have been incorporated in this regard, such as the introduction of new, culturally-relevant categories, modifications of the diagnostic guidelines, based on culturally informed data and the incorporation of culture-related features for specific disorders. Notwithstanding, there are still certain significant shortcomings and areas for further improvement and research. Some of the key limitations of ICD-11 relate to the paucity of research on the role of culture in the pathogenesis of illnesses. To ensure a classificatory system that is fair, reliable and culturally useful, there is a need to generate empirical evidence on diversity in the form of illnesses, as well as mechanisms that explain these in all the regions of the world. In this review, we try to delineate the various cultural challenges and their influences in the formulation of ICD-11, along with potential shortcomings and areas in need of more improvement and research in this regard.
ICD-11 Revision of Mental Disorders: the Global Standard for Health Data, Clinical Documentation, and Statistical Aggregation
Authors: Vujnovic Melita , Manukhina Olga , Reed Geoffrey M. , Theodorakis Pavlos N. , Fountoulakis Konstantinos N.
Published: May 2021

Mental health conditions in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region affect more than 10% of the population, with 140,000 lives lost annually to suicide. Comorbidity with other diseases is high. However, basic mental health care is received by less than a third of patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the vulnerability of mental health services to disruptions and underscored the need to integrate mental health into response strategies. One of the flagship initiatives of the WHO European Programme of Work (EPW), 20202025: United Action for Better Health in Europe is the establishment of a Mental Health Coalition at the European level. In this framework, reporting of health statistics using the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) will begin on 1st January 2022. Clinical utility, scientific rigour and wider cultural applicability were all of prime importance in the development of the ICD-11. The 11th Revision was the end product of the most extensive global, multilingual, multidisciplinary and participative process ever undertaken for this task, involving more than 15,000 experts from 155 countries, representing approximately 80% of the worlds population. With the adoption of the ICD-11 and the priority being given to mental health, new ideas based on the 30 years of research since the approval of the ICD-10 will be widely adopted and applied.
Toward ICD-11 Implementation: Attitudes and Expectations of the Russian Psychiatric Community
Authors: Kulygina Maya A. , Syunyakov Timur S. , Fedotov Ilya A. , Kostyuk George P.
Published: May 2021

Background. ICD-11 implementation will start in early 2022 in WHO member countries, including Russia. This process should be preceded not only by the official translation and wide distribution of ICD-11 statistical classification and diagnostic guidelines but also by clinicians training. For recent years ICD-11 development and innovations in the diagnosis of mental disorders were in the focus of attention of mental health professionals in all over the world.

Objectives. This online survey aimed to identify the current views of the Russian psychiatric community on the upcoming implementation of ICD-11.

Methods. A survey was composed in a Google form and circulated through the website of the Russian Society of Psychiatrists and other professional networks. Statistical and narrative analysis was provided. The sample was represented by 148 psychiatrists working in inpatient or outpatient clinical settings.

Results. Expectations for the classification of mental disorders reported by the respondents were wider than the current purpose of ICD-10. In general, the Russian psychiatrists expressed their interests to forthcoming ICD-11 implementation. Positive attitudes to ICD-11 innovations were associated with the familiarity with the ICD-11 draft.

Conservative or negative views were related to longer years of clinical experience. Early carrier psychiatrists were more practically oriented than old school clinicians.

Conclusion. This survey may help to promote the ICD-11 by focusing on its advantages for clinical practice and develop targeted training programs.
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration. Translation to Russian
Authors: Vandenbroucke Jan P. , Von Elm Erik , Altman Douglas G. , Gotzsche Peter C. , Mulrow Cynthia D. , Pocock Stuart J. , Poole Charles , Schlesselman James J. , Egger Matthias
Published: May 2021

Much medical research is observational. The reporting of observational studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of observational studies. The STROBE Statement consists of a checklist of 22 items, which relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies and four are specific to each of the three study designs. The STROBE Statement provides guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of observational studies and facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of studies by reviewers, journal editors and readers. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the STROBE Statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For each item, one or several published examples and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature are provided. Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www. strobe-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of observational research.
This article is the reprint with Russian translation of the original that can be observed here: Vandenbroucke JP, von Elm E, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Mulrow CD, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):e297. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297.
Did Wastewater Disposal Drive the Longest Seismic Swarm Triggered by Fluid Manipulations? Lacq, France, 1969–2016
Authors: Grasso Jean-Robert , Amorese Daniel , Karimov Abror
Published: May 2021

The activation of tectonics and anthropogenic swarms in time and space and size remains challenging for seismologists. One remarkably long swarm is the Lacq swarm. It has been ongoing since 1969 and is located in a compound oil–gas field with a complex fluid manipulation history. Based on the overlap between the volumes where poroelastic model predicts stresses buildup and those where earthquakes occur, gas reservoir depletion was proposed to control the Lacq seismic swarm. The 2016 Mw 3.9, the largest event on the site, is located within a few kilometers downward the deep injection well. It questions the possible interactions between the 1955–2016 wastewater injections and the Lacq seismicity. Revisiting 60 yr of fluid manipulation history and seismicity indicates that the impacts of the wastewater injections on the Lacq seismicity were previously underevaluated. The main lines of evidence toward a wastewater injection cause are (1) cumulative injected volume enough in 1969 to trigger Mw 3 events, onset of Lacq seismicity; (2) 1976 injection below the gas reservoir occurs only a few years before the sharp increase in seismicity. It matches the onset of deep seismicity (below the gas reservoir, at the injection depth); (3) the (2007–2010) 2–3 folds increase in injection rate precedes 2013, 2016 top largest events; and (4) 75% of the 2013–2016 events cluster within 4–8 km depths, that is, close to and downward the 4.5 km deep injection well. As quantified by changepoint analysis, our results suggest that timely overlaps between injection operations and seismicity patterns are as decisive as extraction operations to control the Lacq seismicity. The seismicity onset is contemporary to cumulative stress changes (induced by depletion and injection operations) in the 0.1–1 MPa range. The interrelation between injection and extraction is the most probable cause of the Lacq seismicity onset and is sustenance over time. The injected volume–largest magnitude pair for Lacq field is in the same range (90% confidence level) than wastewater volume–magnitude pairs reported worldwide, in a wide variety of tectonic settings.
3D Seismic-Wave Modeling with a Topographic Fluid–Solid Interface at the Sea Bottom by the Curvilinear-Grid Finite-Difference Method
Authors: Sun Yao-Chong , Zhang Wei , Ren Hengxin , Bao Xueyang , Xu Jian-Kuan , Sun Nan , Yang Zhentao , Chen Xiaofei
Published: May 2021

The curvilinear-grid finite-difference method (FDM), which uses curvilinear coordinates to discretize the nonplanar interface geometry, is extended to simulate acoustic and seismic-wave propagation across the fluid–solid interface at the sea bottom. The coupled acoustic velocity-pressure and elastic velocity-stress formulation that governs wave propagation in seawater and solid earth is expressed in curvilinear coordinates. The formulation is solved on a collocated grid by alternative applications of forward and backward MacCormack finite difference within a fourth-order Runge–Kutta temporal integral scheme. The shape of a fluid–solid interface is discretized by a curvilinear grid to enable a good fit with the topographic interface. This good fit can obtain a higher numerical accuracy than the staircase approximation in the conventional FDM. The challenge is to correctly implement the fluid–solid interface condition, which involves the continuity of tractions and the normal component of the particle velocity, and the discontinuity (slipping) of the tangent component of the particle velocity. The fluid–solid interface condition is derived for curvilinear coordinates and explicitly implemented by a domain-decomposition technique, which splits a grid point on the fluid–solid interface into one grid point for the fluid wavefield and another one for the solid wavefield. Although the conventional FDM that uses effective media parameters near the fluid–solid interface to implicitly approach the boundary condition conflicts with the fluid–solid interface condition. We verify the curvilinear-grid FDM by conducting numerical simulations on several different models and compare the proposed numerical solutions with independent solutions that are calculated by the Luco-Apsel-Chen generalized reflection/transmission method and spectral-element method. Besides, the effects of a nonplanar fluid–solid interface and fluid layer on wavefield propagation are also investigated in a realistic seafloor bottom model. The proposed algorithm is a promising tool for wavefield propagation in heterogeneous media with a nonplanar fluid–solid interface.
Review of Risks and Risk Management Systems in the Largest Islamic Banks of the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Khalil-Oliwa Oliwia
Published: May 2021

Theoretical background: The specificity of Islamic principles, on the basis of which Islamic banking was created, as well as the nature of its financial instruments, means that Islamic banks may be exposed to greater risks than conventional banks.

Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to define key risks identified by Islamic banks and to define risk management systems in the 13 largest banks of the Arabian Peninsula region. The article analyses the annual reports submitted by the supervisory boards of the largest Islamic banks of the Arabian Peninsula for 2018, so that common elements in their risk management processes can be found.

Research methods: Analyses of annual reports of the banks of the Arabian Peninsula region.

Main findings: Supervisory boards of Islamic banks identify risks and implement strategies and risk management structures. The most important risks identified by banks are credit risk, liquidity risk, reputational risk, as well as operational risk, understood as the risk of direct or indirect loss, resulting from inadequate or faulty internal processes, errors of employees or systems and external events. Islamic banks may be exposed to increased credit risk, due to the application of the principle of profit and loss sharing (PLS), which is one of the pillars of Islamic finance. An analysis of the fiancial reports of the largest Islamic banks of the Arabian Peninsula shows that all supervisory boards are aware of the importance and role of an effective risk management system in reducing costs and increasing banks’ results. Most of them use the principles described by the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB). All banks have implemented appropriate risk management processes and policies, and have units in their structures responsible for the risk management process, which means that they apply the first IFSB principle. The institutions declare that they identify and monitor risks, and implement risk mitigation measures.
The Role of the Family in Polish Family Enterprises
Authors: Węcławski Jerzy
Published: May 2021

The sector of family enterprises is smaller in Poland than in countries with a long tradition of market economies. A large part of the family business is owned by the generation of their owners. The purpose of this article is to define the role of the family in ownership, management and supervision in family enterprises. Empirical research was conducted in 2014 based on the CATI questionnaire. The research covered a randomly selected nationwide sample of seven hundred and fifty-eight medium and large enterprises, of which three hundred and ninety-six entities were qualified on the basis of the SFI as family enterprises. The empirical data were evaluated based on the analysis of the structure of the population, the analysis of interdependencies and cluster analysis. The results of the research allowed formulation of three conclusions. Firstly, in the majority of enterprises, the family of owners has a dominant share in equity capital. Secondly, the company managements are relatively narrow and dominated by people from the generation of founders. Thirdly, supervisory bodies are found in a few enterprises and are made up in large part by the owners’ family members. This characteristic of Polish family enterprises leads to a generalizing statement that as family enterprises, they are mostly in the initial stage of development.
Diagnoza pedagogiczna zdolności i uzdolnień uczniów
Authors: Kosiak Kamila Magdalena
Published: May 2021

Kształcenie uczniów zdolnych jest swoistym wyzwaniem dla współczesnych szkół, wymaga bowiem odpowiednio prowadzonej polityki oświatowej oraz nakładów finansowych przeznaczonych na oświatę. Niezbędnym i najważniejszym czynnikiem są jednak odpowiednio przygotowani nauczyciele, którzy potrafią rozpoznać potrzeby edukacyjne i wychowawcze swoich uczniów. Niezwykle istotną kwestią jest trafna diagnoza zdolności i uzdolnień uczniów dokonywana przez nauczycieli, aby mogli je rozwijać i tworzyć optymalne warunki rozwoju podopiecznym. Obecnie najczęstszą formą stosowaną przez nauczycieli jest podział na uczniów zdolnych i niezdolnych za pomocą ocen szkolnych. Sposób ten wydaje się mało adekwatny, dlatego przeprowadzono badania przy użyciu autorskiego narzędzia – Skali do Badania Zdolności i Uzdolnień Stanisława Popka i Kamili M. Kosiak. Jest ono przeznaczone dla nauczycieli, a służy do rozpoznawania zdolności i uzdolnień w oparciu o podstawy teoretyczne oraz ujednolicone pojęcia zdolności i uzdolnień. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzają sluszność przyjętych rozwiązań.
Professional Competence of Preschool Teachers in the Works of Ukrainian Scholars
Authors: Czepil Marija
Published: May 2021

W artykule opisano istotę pojęć kompetencji oraz kompetencji zawodowych nauczyciela edukacji przedszkolnej, które są wielowymiarowe i niejednoznaczne. Kształtowanie kompetencji zawodowych przyszłego nauczyciela edukacji przedszkolnej jest priorytetowym zadaniem edukacji pedagogicznej. Badacze uważają, że kompetencje zawodowe wychowawcy są warunkiem koniecznym do poprawy jakości procesu edukacyjnego w placówkach przedszkolnych. Głównymi elementami struktury kompetencji zawodowych są: motywacja, aktywność zawodowa i działalność zawodowa. W artykule omówiono etapy kształtowania kompetencji zawodowych nauczyciela edukacji przedszkolnej na studiach (orientacja adaptacyjna, refleksja merytoryczna, praktyczno-transformacyjna). Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na znaczenie motywów szkoleniowych w kształtowaniu kompetencji zawodowych. Zaproponowano autorską definicję pojęcia kompetencji zawodowych nauczyciela edukacji przedszkolnej.
Hartmann's Philosophy Today (15 December 2020)
Authors: Kopciuch Leszek
Published: May 2021

Sympozjum online dedykowane pamięci Nicolaia Hartmanna
The Subject in Times of Media and Social Change. The Analytic Potential of the Mediatization Approach Using the Case of Retro Gaming
Authors: Wimmer Jeffrey
Published: May 2021

The study focuses on the question of the mediatized constitution of subject and subjectivity, which, surprisingly, has received little attention so far. The analytical reference to the mediatization approach enables a holistic understanding of subject, communication and media. Using the empirical example of the media (sub)culture of retro games, this article empirically examines the extent to which computer gamers are influenced by the spaces of experiences of games, not only in the moment of playing them, but also in the long term, with regard to their personal development and social community. The findings illustrate two dimensions of subjectivation processes: on the one hand, the reflective handling of computer games and thus subjectivation through games and game contexts, on the other hand, the nostalgic recollection of specific games and game contexts, which can be clearly separated analytically from the first dimension.
The Pleasures and Woes of a School Psychologist
Authors: Búgelová Tatiana , Pavluvčíková Elena , Čupková Lena
Published: May 2021

Artykuł dotyczy pracy psychologa szkolnego jako samodzielnego i względnie niezależnego pracownika szkół podstawowych i średnich. W miarę wzrostu odsetka tzw. dzieci problemowych badacze koncentrują się na przyczynach tego zjawiska oraz odwzorowują najczęstsze trudności w obszarze uczenia się, motywacji i relacji społecznych z perspektywy nauczycieli, uczniów i ich rodziców. Autorki opisały też najczęstsze tryby pracy psychologa szkolnego związane z tą funkcją. Ponadto skoncentrowano się na trudnościach związanych z kontaktami z rodzicami oraz zwrócono uwagę na szeroki zakres problemów, które wymagają dużej erudycji.
Seksualność dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną z perspektywy bioekologicznej Urie Bronfenbrennera
Authors: Wos Klaudia , Baczała Ditta
Published: May 2021

Seksualność nie wynika z naszego wyboru, tylko jest naturalną częścią życia każdego człowieka. Każda jednostka ma prawo do przeżywania i rozwijania własnej seksualności, niezależnie od płci, wieku, orientacji seksualnej czy niepełnosprawności. W przypadku osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną seksualność jest sferą drugorzędną, wypieraną przez stan niepełnosprawności i rehabilitację. W artykule postawiono tezę, że seksualność dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną została wyeliminowana przez stan niepełnosprawności. Występuje w związku z tym zjawisko „bezpłciowości” dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. W opracowaniu opisano także uwarunkowania rozwoju seksualności dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w perspektywie bioekologicznego modelu rozwoju człowieka Urie Bronfenbrennera.
Women as Perpetrators of Crimes in Poland: An Analysis from a Statistical Perspective
Authors: Brzezińska Joanna
Published: May 2021

The article aims to determine the trends in the phenomenon of female delinquency in Poland in the years 2003–2018. To this end, on the basis of statistical data obtained from the Ministry of Justice: 1) the total number of convictions of female perpetrators during the analysed period was determined; 2) the categories of crimes which resulted in the highest level of convictions of female perpetrators were identified; 3) the types of crimes which dominated the criminal activity of women were analysed; 4) it was determined whether the level of female aggression accompanying the implementation of crimes increases. In the course of the research, several remarks were formulated, of which three findings remain the most important: 1) women commit crimes analogous to those of men (the absence of such prohibited acts which they would not commit); 2) infanticide, which was considered to be the most symptomatic female crime in view of the incidence of convictions under Article 149 of the Polish Criminal Code, loses its character; 3) the crime which dominates from the perspective of statistical research on the number of convictions of female perpetrators is currently fraud.
Inconvenient Witnesses: Testimonies of Slaves in a Criminal Trial During the Republic and the Principate
Authors: Loska Elżbieta
Published: May 2021

In ancient Rome, slaves performed many different tasks. The fact that they often enjoyed the trust of their owners and knew their secrets made them very desirable witnesses in a criminal trial. The aim of the article is to show examples of situations in which the testimony of slaves in a criminal trial could be dangerous for their owners. Slaves were subject to obligatory torture, so they could reveal some secrets against their will. However, there was a ban on the use of slaves’ testimonies against their owners. Roman law, still, knew a few exceptions to this, in matters justified by the interests of Rome. The article shows also the changes made during the Principate, when the statutory law regulating this issue appeared.
Poland after the Thirteen Years’ War (1454–1466): The Scope of Political and Structural Changes
Authors: Makiłła Dariusz
Published: May 2021

The war of Poland with the Teutonic Knights Order in the years 1454–1466, ended with the peace of Toruń 1466, had a significant impact on the increase in the importance of Poland’s position in Europe, which was reflected in the subordination of the defeated Teutonic Order state in Prussia and Poland’s obtaining a dominant position in Central and Northern Europe. Above all, however, events that took place during the war, especially the political crisis caused by claims of the nobility gathered for war as part of the levy in mass and the issuing of privileges for the nobility in 1454 initiated the start of changes in the political system of the Kingdom of Poland, which led to transformations in the structures of state assemblies and the creation of the new power system. The result of the transformation processes initiated at that time was the establishment in 1468 of a nationwide bicameral parliament, based on the representation of territorial assemblies, whose convocation was, moreover, due to the need to solve the financial problems arising as a result of the war, which ended in 1466. The war of 1454–1466 had a real impact on the formation of a new political structure of the Kingdom of Poland, whose development was continued in the 16th century.
Comparison between the Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of 3 May 1791 and the Spanish Constitution of 19 March 1812
Authors: Ruiz Estévez María
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article was to make a brief comparative analysis between the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and the Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of 1791. With this intention, the most characteristic features of each constitutional text were set out, and both the historical and social context prior to its promulgation and the circumstances that led to the drafting of both legal acts were analyzed. The similarities and contrasts of the political models established with both constitutions were observed, as well as the rights and freedoms recognized. Reference was also made to the founding fathers of the Constitutions and the ideological context that influenced them. Finally, the author mentioned the fate of both constitutions that were only in force for a short period of time. The article aimed to present these two legal acts that were a milestone in the constitutional and political history of each nation.
Servus publicus and servus privatus in Ancient Rome: Legal Status and Social Status
Authors: Sitek Bronisław
Published: May 2021

Public slaves were a special group of slaves. As a rule, their legal situation was analogous to private slaves. Hence, there are relatively few preserved sources of law regarding this slave group. There are relatively few Romanist studies regarding the legal situation of public slaves. A larger number of these studies appeared only in the second half of the 20th century. The subject of this study is to compare the legal and social status of both groups of slaves. The purpose is to show a different application of legal provisions depending on their suitability for public matters and the education of public slaves.
Stosunek społeczeństwa polskiego do biurokracji rosyjskiej w Królestwie Polskim po powstaniu styczniowym
Authors: Smyk Grzegorz
Published: May 2021

The beginning of the era after the January Uprising brought a fundamental change in the organisation and functioning of the apparatus of civil administration in the Kingdom of Poland. In the intention of the tsarist authorities, it was supposed to be similar to the Russian model of territorial administration. All the central authorities of the Kingdom were subject to liquidation and the various areas of administrative management were subordinated to the competent ministries in St. Petersburg. The field administration has been reorganised according to Russian models. At the same time, the Russian language and officials brought from Russia were introduced to the offices. According to the tsarist authorities, only officials of Russian origin, loyal to the State, were able to effectively implement a new form of administrative system in the Kingdom and give the offices a style of functioning adopted in the administration of the Russian Empire. It was also expected that the massive influx of Russian officials with families would strengthen the number of the Russian element in the Kingdom and significantly contribute to making the country similar to the Empire’s core provinces. From the Polish perspective, the Russian system of civil administration introduced in the Kingdom of Poland after the January Uprising was clearly judged by Polish society at the time to be alien to Polish tradition, imposed by force and contrary to the Polish national interest.
Cessio legis During Court Proceedings for Payment: Withdrawal of the Suit with a Waiver of the Claim Resulting in Damage to the Purchaser of the Claim
Authors: Surowiec Magdalena
Published: May 2021

The article is of a scientific-research nature. The author based her conclusions on the literature and jurisdiction regarding the assignment of claims and on the withdrawal of a lawsuit with a waiver of the claim. A hypothetical situation is presented, in which a plaintiff, during the proceedings concerning the claim for payment, assigns to a third party a claim covered by the lawsuit, after entering into a dispute. A purchaser of a claim is entitled to enter the proceedings, pursuant to Article 192 point 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure, with the consent of the opposing party (defendant). In practice, the judicature extends the interpretation of this provision to the consent of both parties to the proceedings. The problem arises in a situation in which the plaintiff does not consent to the purchaser of the claim being replaced. The latter may thus be deprived of court proceedings through no fault of his own. In addition, the current plaintiff no longer has any interest in continuing the proceedings and may withdraw the lawsuit with a waiver of the claim. The effect of waiving the claim will be, in a way, releasing the defendant from his debt, and thus changing the nature of the claim into natural obligation. The above-mentioned action of the plaintiff, the seller of the claim in the process, will cause damage to the purchaser of the claim up to the amount of the withdrawn lawsuit together with the waiver of the claim. The article indicates the possibility of a broader perspective on subjective changes in the process and the material and legal effects of the parties’ formal actions.
The Class-Based Approach to Roman Criminal Law
Authors: Czech-Jezierska Bożena
Published: May 2021

The theory of class struggle lay at the root of Marxist methodology. According to historical materialism, the slave formation existed in the ancient Roman state, and Marxist historians further developed the concept of class divisions in Roman society. Their views on this subject permeated also the research on Roman law, which was to be studied in terms of the influence that class divisions and class struggles had on the evolution of the state and legal norms in ancient Rome. This approach mainly concerned Roman private law, which was of the primary interest to scholars. The author attempts to determine whether the issue of class also constituted a reference point for studying the criminal law of ancient Rome, which had the character of public norms. The article examines the most representative views of Roman law scholars who applied the Marxist method in their research. Despite their attempts, they found it hard to uphold the concept that ancient Roman society had been divided into antagonistic and structurally homogeneous classes, and what is more, that these classes had been united by class consciousness. Differences between social strata in their legal position, including different criminal law norms, did not result from class divisions and class struggle, but rather reflected the specific character of ancient Roman society.