bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiration rate and volume measurements using wearable strain sensors
Authors: Chu Michael , Nguyen Thao , Pandey Vaibhav , Zhou Yongxiao , Pham Hoang N. , Bar-Yoseph Ronen , Radom-Aizik Shlomit , Jain Ramesh , Cooper Dan M. , Khine Michelle
Published: February 2019

Current methods for continuous respiration monitoring such as respiratory inductive or optoelectronic plethysmography are limited to clinical or research settings; most wearable systems reported only measures respiration rate. Here we introduce a wearable sensor capable of simultaneously measuring both respiration rate and volume with high fidelity. Our disposable respiration sensor with a Band-Aid© like formfactor can measure both respiration rate and volume by simply measuring the local strain of the ribcage and abdomen during breathing. We demonstrate that both metrics are highly correlated to measurements from a medical grade continuous spirometer on participants at rest. Additionally, we also show that the system is capable of detecting respiration under various ambulatory conditions. Because these low-powered piezo-resistive sensors can be integrated with wireless Bluetooth units, they can be useful in monitoring patients with chronic respiratory diseases in everyday settings.
Prussian blue nanoparticle-based antigenicity and adjuvanticity trigger robust antitumor immune responses against neuroblastoma
Authors: Cano-Mejia Juliana , Bookstaver Michelle L. , Sweeney Elizabeth E. , Jewell Christopher M. , Fernandes Rohan
Published: February 2019

Photothermal therapy using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-coated Prussian blue nanoparticles increases the tumor antigenicity and adjuvanticity, eliciting long-term tumor regression and immunological memory.
Opportunities for rotating belt filters in novel wastewater treatment plant configurations
Authors: Taboada-Santos Anton , Lema Juan M. , Carballa Marta
Published: February 2019

The combination of rotating belt filters and chemically enhanced settling allowed the production of suitable effluents for further stages and to generate enough methane to reach energy autarky.
Facile synthesis of urchin-like CsxWO3particles with improved transparent thermal insulation using bacterial cellulose as a template
Authors: Fan Chuan-Yan , Liu Jing-Xiao , Shi Fei , Ran Shuai , Chen Bin , Zhou Jing , Liu Su-Hua , Song Xin , Kang Jiahong
Published: February 2019

Urchin-like CsxWO3particles were synthesized using bacterial cellulose (BC) as a template by the hydrothermal method. The BC could greatly reduce the abnormal growth of CsxWO3rods and improve the transparent heat-insulation properties of CsxWO3film.
Interconnected electrocatalytic Pt-metal networks by plasma treatment of nanoparticle-peptide fibril assemblies
Authors: Bandak J. , Petzold J. , Hatahet H. , Prager A. , Kersting B. , Elsner Ch. , Abel B.
Published: February 2019

Noble metal catalysts possess outstanding catalytic behaviors, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and many other applications, when interconnected via peptide fibrils.
Synthesis and characterization of MgF2–CoF2 binary fluorides. Influence of the treatment atmosphere and temperature on the structure and surface properties
Authors: Pietrowski Mariusz , Zieliński Michał , Alwin Emilia , Suchora Agata , Gawarecka Joanna
Published: February 2019

Results of the first research on structural and surface properties of binary fluorides MgF2–CoF2 are presented.
Molecular ferroelectric pyridin-2-ylmethanaminium perchlorate with phase transition induced by disorder of perchlorate
Authors: Gan Xuecheng , Tang Zheng , Zhang Wenjun , Xu Cong , Sun Xiaofan , Gao Zhangran , Wu Yizhang , Cai Hong-Ling , Wu X. S.
Published: February 2019

A new molecular ferroelectric pyridin-2-ylmethanaminium perchlorate with phase transition induced by disorder of perchlorate.
Defected ZnWO4-decorated WO3 nanorod arrays for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Cui Ya , Pan Lun , Chen Ying , Afzal Nisha , Ullah Sana , Liu Danyang , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji-Jun
Published: February 2019

A strategy based on a solvothermal method was developed to construct defected ZnWO4-decorated WO3 photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Reduced graphene oxide decorated with octahedral NiS2/NiS nanocrystals: facile synthesis and tunable high frequency attenuation
Authors: Lu Min , Gao Na , Zhang Xiao-Juan , Wang Guang-Sheng
Published: February 2019

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) decorated with octahedral NiS2/NiS nanocrystals were fabricated and they possessed an excellent microwave absorption performance in the high frequency range.
Does linking help? Effects and student perceptions of a learner-centered assessment implemented in introductory chemistry
Authors: Gilewski Alex , Mallory Emily , Sandoval Matthew , Litvak Mikhail , Ye Li
Published: February 2019

This study developed and implemented a learner-centered assessment named Creative Exercises (CEs) in introductory chemistry courses at a four-year university and a two-year community college. CEs were developed and implemented as an intervention for treatment groups. The control groups only used traditional assessments such as multiple-choice and short-answer questions. A mixed-methods approach was employed for evaluating the effectiveness of CEs in improving student learning and performance. First, quantitative data included student exam scores, DFW rates, and percentages of letter grades were analyzed and compared between treatment and control groups. Second, student responses to CEs were coded as chemistry concepts and then organized into chemistry topics. A series of visual maps were plotted to show students’ linking of chemistry topics and progress made throughout the semester. Lastly, student perceptions of the use of CEs were investigatedviaa free-response survey. Quantitative results showed that CEs improved students’ academic performance and retention in introductory chemistry courses at both college settings. The implementation at the two settings indicated that the frequency and quality of the use of CEs might impact the effectiveness. The results from qualitative data analyses converged with the positive effects of CEs. Students were able to connect prior and newly-learned topics in response to CEs and made progress on linking more topics over time. Open coding of the free-response survey data identified four themes explaining why the use of CEs helped students: knowledge integration, conceptual understanding, flexibility, and more effective study habits. Best practices for implementation of learner-centered assessments learned in this study and future directions for research are discussed.
Lewis acidic water as a new carrier for facilitating CO2 transport
Authors: Park Seul Chan , Chae Il Seok , Moon Gi Hyeon , Kim Byung Su , Jang Jaeyoung , Wessling Matthias , Kang Yong Soo
Published: February 2019

We report the formation of a reversible complex between CO2 and a bound water coordinating alkaline metal cation (Lewis-acidic water) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis for the first time.
A chemically assembled anion exchange membrane surface for monovalent anion selectivity and fouling reduction
Authors: Zhao Yan , Li Yi , Yuan Shushan , Zhu Junyong , Houtmeyers Sofie , Li Jian , Dewil Raf , Gao Congjie , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: February 2019

A novel anion exchange membrane with simultaneously enhanced monovalent anion selectivity and reduced organic fouling properties was synthesized through oxidative self-polymerization and an amide condensation reaction process.
A novel dried plum-like yolk–shell architecture of tin oxide nanodots embedded into a carbon matrix: ultra-fast assembly and superior lithium storage properties
Authors: Leng Jin , Wang Zhixing , Li Xinhai , Guo Huajun , Yan Guochun , Hu Qiyang , Peng Wenjie , Wang Jiexi
Published: February 2019

A novel dried plum-like yolk–shell SnOx/C composite architecture is synthesized by scalable spray pyrolysis and exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical properties.
In situfabrication of a composite hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Ma Fenbo , Ge Yongmei , Liu Nian , Pang Xiangchao , Shen Xingyu , Tang Bin
Published: February 2019

A composite hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties has been fabricated and characterized in this study.
Rapid-response, reversible and flexible humidity sensing platform using a hydrophobic and porous substrate
Authors: Wu Jin , Wu Zixuan , Tao Kai , Liu Chuan , Yang Bo-Ru , Xie Xi , Lu Xing
Published: February 2019

A hydrophobic and porous liquid crystal polymer platform is developed to boost the humidity sensing performance of carbon materials.
A negative correlation between water content and protein adsorption on polymer brushes
Authors: Dai Wei , Zheng Cong , Zhao Bintao , Chen Kuo , Jia Pengxiang , Yang Jingfa , Zhao Jiang
Published: February 2019

A negative correlation between the water content inside polymer brushes and protein adsorption.
Photoluminescent organic polymer nanofilms formed in water through a self-assembly formation mechanism
Authors: Feng Baoxi , Xu Zhen , Wang Jiayu , Feng Fei , Wang Lin , Gai Ligang
Published: February 2019

A self-assembly mechanism is demonstrated for the formation of polymer nanofilms based on real-time visualization and molecular dynamics simulations.
Ideal blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission assisted by a thermally activated delayed fluorescence assistant dopant through a fast reverse intersystem crossing mediated cascade energy transfer process
Authors: Han Si Hyun , Jeong Jae Ho , Yoo Ji Woong , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: February 2019

A novel blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diode with an emitting layer made up of a TADF assistant dopant and a pure blue-emitting TADF emitter was developed.
Liquid crystalline self-assembly of 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole based bent-core molecules and the influence of carbosilane end-groups
Authors: Westphal Eduard , Gallardo Hugo , Sebastián Nerea , Eremin Alexey , Prehm Marko , Alaasar Mohamed , Tschierske Carsten
Published: February 2019

Growing polar order leads to a transition from lamellar via columnar to sponge-like isotropic phases, with chirality depending on the carbosilane group.
Recent advances in metal-free aerobic C–H activation
Authors: Shamsabadi André , Chudasama Vijay
Published: February 2019

An overview of recent reactions based on the metal-free, dioxygen-induced, C–H activation of various radical precursors.
Co-delivery of paclitaxel and gemcitabine via a self-assembling nanoparticle for targeted treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Lei Meng , Sha Sijia , Wang Xueyuan , Wang Jia , Du Xiao , Miao Hang , Zhou Hui , Bai Enhe , Shi Jingmiao , Zhu Yongqiang
Published: February 2019

Preparation of MF-FA nanoparticles and the release behavior of drugs in tumor cells.
A comparative study on atomically precise Au nanoclusters as catalysts for the aldehyde–alkyne–amine (A3) coupling reaction: ligand effects on the nature of the catalysis and efficiency
Authors: Li Ying-Zhou , Leong Weng Kee
Published: February 2019

A stibine-stabilised gold nanocluster which acts as a homogeneous catalyst in the A3 coupling reaction.
Gold nanostars for cancer cell-targeted SERS-imaging and NIR light-triggered plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) in the first and second biological windows
Authors: Song Chunyuan , Li Fang , Guo Xiangyin , Chen Wenqiang , Dong Chen , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Jieyu , Wang Lianhui
Published: February 2019

Gold nanostars were developed for cancer cell-targeted NIR-I/II SERS-imaging and PPTT.
Fluorination of the tetraphenylethene core: synthesis, aggregation-induced emission, reversible mechanofluorochromism and thermofluorochromism of fluorinated tetraphenylethene derivatives
Authors: Zhang Hao , Nie Yong , Miao Jinling , Zhang Dengqing , Li Yexin , Liu Guangning , Sun Guoxin , Jiang Xuchuan
Published: February 2019

The substitution patterns in fluorinated tetraphenylethenes affect the emission properties, mechano- and thermofluorochromism, compared to those of the parent TPE.
Coverage and capacity improvement of millimetre wave 5G network using distributed base station architecture
Authors: Al‐Falahy Naser , Alani Omar
Published: February 2019

In this work, the distributed base station (DBS) with remote radio head (RRH) is considered as the envisioned architecture of the fifth generation (5G) network. DBS network architecture supports easier scalability for network expansions using remote antennas in the form of RRHs. RRHs have been used in this work in order to compensate for the high path loss and penetration loss that characterise millimetre wave (mmWave) communications. The band of interest is the pioneer band at 26 GHz, which has been recently released for 5G services focused on areas of high traffic demand in the UK. DBS architecture can minimise the number of base stations required for the same quality of service (QoS). An algorithm has been developed for DBS scheduling. In addition to that, the gain of using DBS has been demonstrated in terms of: increasing the user data throughput, decreasing the unnecessary handovers as a result of dense network deployment, increasing the coverage probability in terms of line‐of‐sight (LoS) coverage, and minimising the impact of shadow fading. The results have shown significant improvement in terms of peak, average, and cell‐edge data throughput, and the LoS coverage probability has been improved due to the spatial distribution of RRHs.
High step‐up SVMC‐based DC/DC converter for offshore wind farms
Authors: Zhu Binxin , Liu Song , Vilathgamuwa Don Mahinda , Li Yang
Published: February 2019

This study presents a high step‐up scalable voltage multiple cell (SVMC)‐based DC/DC converters, which have the features of high gain, low and adjustable components stresses and automatic input‐current sharing in each input phase. In virtue of the above features, the converter is applicable for the DC collection grids for offshore wind farms. In this study, the converter in terms of working principle and property characteristics are analysed with four input phases and three SVMCs. The converter has also been evaluated in terms of the component stress and voltage conversion ratio against some other converters for high‐power occasions. Moreover, a 2.5 MW simulation model and a 1.2 kW prototype were constructed for verification.
Modulation type classification of interference signals in automotive radar systems
Authors: Kim Jinwook , Lee Seongwook , Kim Seong‐Cheol
Published: February 2019

As the importance of radar sensors for automotive vehicles has rapidly increased, the mutual interference between vehicle radars has become important. If two or more radars share the same transmitting frequency band, their interference effects are retained after low‐pass filtering. These interference signals can degrade the performance of target estimation, as they increase the noise floor level and create ghost targets, consequently causing false alarms. Several studies on mitigating interference effects have been conducted. However, they only focused on suppression techniques. For a complete interference mitigation algorithm, the identification of the existence of interference signals and classification of their modulation techniques should precede the mitigation steps. Therefore, the authors propose a method for the identification and the classification of interference signals. They modelled five different radar modulation signals as interference signals, and extracted five features from the time‐domain mixer output signals. The training of the classification model and validation of its classification performance is done using the support vector machine. The simulation results show that the existence of interference signals is identified with the accuracy of over 99%. Furthermore, the interference signals are effectively classified into their modulation types with an accuracy of over 96%.
A sintering burden blending model based on one-step optimization method and high-temperature characteristics of iron ore
Authors: Wu Shengli , Zhai Xiaobo , Song Tiankai
Published: February 2019

A sintering burden blending model is an intelligent system used to obtain the optimal blending proportions of burdens with minimal sintering burden cost. In this study, micro-sintering and sinter pot tests were first carried out to clarify the quantitative relationship between the shatter index (SI) of the sinter and high-temperature characteristics (HTCs) of the ore blends. The result shows that the lowest assimilation temperature (LAT) plays a dual role in SI, whereas the index of liquid phase fluidity (ILF) and compressive strength of the bonding phase (CSB) have positive effects on SI. The effect of the ILF is the largest. Based on the one-step optimization method, suitable ranges of room-temperature characteristics (RTCs) of ore blends, obtained relationship between sinter strength and HTCs of ore blends, sintering theory, and bisection and simplex algorithms, the proposed sintering burden blending model is established. The validation for the model shows that it is effective at utilizing iron ore resources, maintaining high strength of the sinter, while reducing burden costs.
Genom-Editierung mit CRISPR/Cas9: Vorzeichen einer neuen Epoche der Medizin?
Authors: Schermer Bernhard , Benzing Thomas
Published: February 2019

The emergence of genome editing technologies can be regarded as one of the most groundbreaking revolutions in the history of science. Modern genome editing allows the introduction of precise mutations into the genome of virtually all cells and organisms without leaving any additional trace. Undoubtedly, genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9, often casually referred to as “genetic scissors”, will revolutionize medical research and development. However, at the same time it creates a great need for ethical considerations as it might hold risks for both people and the environment that cannot yet be fully assessed. While genome editing is already well established in laboratory research, clinical applications based on genome editing are close. For the first time, targeted corrections of genetic defects in somatic cells, stem cells as well as in the germ line appear technically feasible. This generates possible future scenarios that urgently require broad ethical and social discussions.
Explosive Zunahme der häuslichen Krankenpflege bei Beatmeten und Tracheotomierten
Authors: Köhler Dieter
Published: February 2019

Since 2005, invasive long-term ventilation in Germany has increased significantly from around 1000 to 20 000 patients in Germany. Due to complex home care, the health care system incurs additional costs of around 4 billion euros per year. In addition, in the last 2 – 3 years more tracheostomized patients have been discharged home without ventilation (usually after stroke), and they receive the same complex home care. These patients have almost never been given the chance of a professional weaning trial by a weaning center. They are discharged from hospitals directly into the care. As a result, the quality of care is significantly worse than traditional care with structured discharge management via a weaning center. The solutions are difficult to find due to the interface problems between inpatient and outpatient care and the different organizational structures with different delivery systems. Possible solutions are shown, but most of them require a change in the law.
Outcomes in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Saleh Hesham , Apaydin Fazil , Beegun Issa
Published: February 2019

In recent years, there is an increasing trend to use health-related quality of life questionnaires after surgical procedures. The idea is to prove the success of an operation by objectively measurable parameters. Rhinoplasty is by far the most frequently performed surgery of facial plastic surgery. One of the most difficult parts of rhinoplasty is to measure the outcomes after surgery. Rhinoplasty is a unique operation because the surgeon affects three aspects: shape, function, and psychology of the patient. In an ideal world, the surgeon should have objective means of screening that cover these three aspects before and after surgery to measure outcomes. The goal of this article is to review these tools and compare them.
Nasal Valve Lift in Nasal Valve Stenosis—A 2 Years Clinical Trial
Authors: Heppt Helen , Vent Julia , Alali Mohammad , Paal Caroline , Heppt Werner
Published: February 2019

A clinical study was conducted to determine the effect of nasal valve lift treatment using absorbable, polylactic acid, self-retaining cone threads (Silhouette Soft) in patients with nasal valve stenosis. Sixty patients (n = 60) were included in this prospective study which was performed from January 2015 until December 2018, 19 patients dropped out due to noncompliance. Initially, participants were divided into two equal groups. One was treated by nasal valve lift only, the other additionally received turbinoplasty. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to rate the sense of nasal ventilation. Patients' satisfaction was examined by a categorical scale, preoperatively, after 1 week, and after 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. For statistical analysis, an univariant variance analysis was conducted to test the significance of differences in nasal breathing within one group at different points of postoperative controls, with the statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Moreover, the two groups were compared with each other regarding results of the categorical scale. After surgical treatment, an improvement is reported by all participants. Average VAS scores were significantly lower between preoperative and every postoperative rating. Although a decline in the effect of breathing improvement is recognizable as threads are dissolved, patients' satisfaction in improvement of nasal breathing is persistent in most cases, even at long-term observation. Overall, these results demonstrate that valve lift is an effective method to treat patients with nasal valve stenosis.
Apneic Oxygenation for Pediatric Endotracheal Intubation: A Narrative Review
Authors: Scott Alice , Chua Olivia , Mitchell William , Vlok Ruan , Melhuish Thomas , White Leigh
Published: February 2019

Apneic oxygenation (ApOx) has shown to be effective in adult populations in a variety of settings, including prehospital, emergency departments, intensive care units, and elective surgery. This review aims to assess the available literature for ApOx in the pediatric population to determine its effects on hypoxemia, safe apnea times, and flow rates employed safely.
The Learning Curve of the Direct Anterior Approach without Traction Table in Total Hip Replacement: Using the LC-CUSUM Method
Authors: Steentjes Koen , Beekhuizen Stefan , Eilander Wouter , Meesters Wendy , van Kampen Paulien , van der Lugt Joris
Published: February 2019

The surgical approach for total hip replacement (THR) depends on surgeon preference or the preference and experience of the surgeon with a specific approach. The aim of this study was to analyze the learning curve of the direct anterior approach (DAA) using the cumulative summation test for learning curve (LC-CUSUM). A retrospectively collected database of 400 THRs using the DAA (January 2010–September 2014) at a single center by a single surgeon. The learning curve was analyzed by determining the duration of surgery, blood loss, and number of complications. All 400 primary THRs were reviewed. Based on the LC-CUSUM, duration of surgery, and surgical failure, the learning curve plateau was achieved after the 19th surgery and the curve follows a substantially negative trend. The average duration of surgery changed significantly for the first hundred (78 minutes) to the last hundred (61 minutes). A significant decrease in blood loss was observed as well. A total of 17 (4.25%) complications occurred, with reduction of the complication rate as surgeons' experience increases. The authors' study did not show the long learning curve as previously described in the literature. The number of complications was small, and there was a significant decrease in duration of surgery, blood loss, and number of complications as surgeon's experience increases. The authors suggest that the educational environment of a teaching hospital, combined with the use of the DAA as a standard approach for all primary THRs and supervision of experienced surgeons, contribute to the favorable learning curve with a low complication rate.
Empty homes: mapping the extent and value of low-use domestic property in England and Wales
Authors: Bourne Jonathan
Published: February 2019

We combine economics, housing theory and data science to gain a greater understanding of low-use properties in England and Wales. We collect a unique dataset of domestic properties unoccupied by a permanent resident from 112 local authorities via freedom of information requests. The dataset covers 23 million residents and 340,000 low-use properties (3.4% of all properties). We find that the distribution is very skewed, with 5% of the lower super output areas (our smallest geographic unit) containing 29% of all low-use properties. We estimate the value of low-use properties in the dataset to be £123 billion and that an empty homes tax of 1% would generate the equivalent to 11% of the current council tax (local government tax). We use logistic regression to identify local authorities with high numbers of low-use properties (72% accuracy), local authorities where low-use properties are more expensive than ordinary homes (77% accuracy), and local authorities where both those conditions are true (79% accuracy). The coefficients of the models indicate that low-use property tends to be found in the most and least affordable areas and that the probability of low-use property being more expensive than a regular home increases as affordability decreases and tourism increases. We estimate that 39–47% of the population in England and Wales live in an area where low-use property is more expensive than property occupied by a full-time resident. We conclude that as the areas with the least affordable housing also tend to have the highest demand for low-use property, it may be appropriate to reduce demand via measures such as an empty homes tax rather than increasing housing supply.
Research on cavitation phenomena in pilot stage of jet pipe servo-valve with a rectangular nozzle based on large-eddy simulations
Authors: Wu Lin , Chen Kui-sheng , Guo Yuan
Published: February 2019

The flow field in the pilot stage of a jet pipe servo-valve significantly affects the performance of the valve. Cavitation with pressure oscillations occur in the pilot stage and lead to the appearance of high-frequency noise and vibration. To obtain dynamic characteristics of cavitation and study the relationship between the cavitation and inlet pressure, we use large-eddy simulations (LESs) to calculate the unsteady flow field in the pilot stage with a rectangular nozzle. The simulation results show that fixed cavitation and vortex cavitation exist, and travelling cavitation begins to occur when inlet pressure reaches 7MPa. The increment of inlet pressure enhances cavitation and cavitation shedding. The cavitation-shedding process under different inlet pressures is monitored via LES. Different points are studied, which differ in terms of cavitation type and the development of cavitation regions. By applying a fast Fourier transform, we obtain the main frequencies of the pressure oscillations of each cavitation under different inlet pressures. The influences of outlet pressure and wedge length are also studied. When outlet pressure and wedge length increase, cavitation phenomena are weakened effectively. When the wedge length increases, the main frequency of vortex cavitation increases whereas that of travelling cavitation decreases. Upon increasing the wedge length, the volume fraction of vapor phase and the energy ratio at the surface at y= −0.3mm to the exit of the nozzle decrease, and both decrease sharply from 0.03 to 0.04mm. Considering the above characteristics and the ease of the process, the optimal length of the wedge is 0.03mm.
Effect of precursor gas on the structure and mechanical properties of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films deposited on a trench sidewall
Authors: Hirata Yuki , Kitamura Kanju , Ishikawa Takumi , Choi Junho
Published: February 2019

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films were deposited on a trench-shaped target (20-mm pitch and 10-mm depth) using a bipolar-type plasma-based ion implantation and deposition (bipolar PBII&D) technique. The thickness uniformity, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the a-C:H films deposited on the top, sidewall, and bottom surfaces of the trench were investigated. In our previous study, toluene gas was used for coating a trench target using the bipolar PBII&D technique; the thickness and hardness of the a-C:H films on the sidewall of the trench were smaller and the film structure was more graphite-like than those on the top and bottom surfaces. Because the film properties of the a-C:H film are related to the incident energy per carbon atom, in this study, methane (CH4), which has a lighter mass and fewer carbon atoms (one carbon atom) in a molecule than toluene, was used as a precursor gas to enhance the incident energy per carbon atom and suppress the inertia in the vertical direction. The structure and mechanical properties of the a-C:H films were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, XPS, AFM, and a nanoindentation test. In addition, a plasma simulation was conducted to determine the effect of the precursor gas on the ion and radical behavior and the coating mechanism. As a result, the use of the methane precursor gas leads to increasing the indentation hardness, to lowering the surface roughness, and to changing its structure from graphite-like to diamond-like as compared to the use of the toluene precursor gas.
Magnetohydrodynamic stratified bioconvective flow of micropolar nanofluid due to gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Atif S. M. , Hussain S. , Sagheer M.
Published: February 2019

The forthright purpose of this communication is to inspect the flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stratified micropolar bioconvective fluid containing nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganism. The phenomenon of thermal radiation and Joule heating has also been incorporated. In order to stabilize the suspended nanoparticles, bioconvection which is established by the combined effects of magnetic field and buoyancy force is implemented. A system of PDEs is converted into the ODEs by invoking the appropriate similarity transformation and the transformed equations are then solved by the well known shooting technique. The interesting aspects of sundry parameters on the velocity, the angular velocities, the temperature, concentration and the motile microorganism density are examined and sketched. The skin friction and the couple stress coefficients, the heat and mass transfer rates and the local density number of the motile microorganism have been numerically computed and discussed. Our analysis depicts that the temperature, concentration and motile microorganism density depreciate for the increment in the material parameter. An enhancement in the buoyancy ratio parameter results an enhancement in the energy and the motile microorganism density profile whereas the velocity profile is reduced.
Waterbug Book
Authors: Gooderham John , Tsyrlin Edward
Published: February 2019

Freshwater macroinvertebrates provide a useful and reliable indicator of the health of our rivers, streams, ponds and wetlands. As environmental awareness within the community increases, there is an increasing interest in the need to assess the health of our local waterways and school curriculums are changing to reflect this important ecological trend.
The Waterbug Book provides a comprehensive and accurate identification guide for both professionals and non-professionals. It contains an easy-to-use key to all the macroinvertebrate groups and, for the first time, high quality colour photographs of live specimens. It provides a wealth of basic information on the biology of macroinvertebrates, and describes the SIGNAL method for assessing river health. The Waterbug Book is full of practical tips about where to find various animals, and what their presence can tell about their environment.
Winner of the 2003 Eureka Science Book Prize and the 2003 Whitley Medal.
Fruit Fly Fighters
Authors: Cantrell Bryan , Chadwick Blair , Cahill Anna
Published: February 2019

The campaign to eradicate the papaya fruit fly from north Queensland has been widely acknowledged by international scientists as a significant technical achievement that equals any similar control program world-wide.
Fruit Fly Fighters is a highly readable and practical account of the whole campaign from 1995 when the papaya fruit fly was first discovered until 1999 when eradication was formally declared.
Key aspects covered include: The emergency response; Campaign management; The growers' perspective; Monitoring, eradication, data management; quarantine, traffic control points; market access for fruit from infected areas; public relations; and research and development.
The operating manuals and other reports are in a CD-ROM that accompanies this book.
Kookaburra
Authors: Legge Sarah
Published: February 2019

Laughing Kookaburras are the largest kingfishers in the world, and Blue-winged Kookaburras are not far behind. Their size and distinctive shape and posture make them easily recognisable; their comical and personable characters make them readily memorable. They are able to live in a wide variety of habitats, and adapt to living around humans relatively well. This cheerful familiarity has caused them to figure prominently in the psyches and folklores of all peoples who have inhabited Australia.
Kookaburras live in family groups marked by the extremes of social behaviour. Whilst in the nest, chicks fight their siblings for dominance and food so aggressively that the smallest chick is often killed. In complete contrast, many adult kookaburras delay their own breeding in order to help their relatives raise young.
Kookaburra: King of the Bush provides a complete overview of kookaburras and their unique place in Australian culture and natural history.
Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia
Authors: Poore Gary CB
Published: February 2019

This book is a comprehensive guide to the identification of 800 species of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans from southern Australian marine waters. It is liberally illustrated with more than 1000 line drawings giving good views of many species as well as diagnostic illustrations. Details for each species include the authority, year of description, sometimes a common name, diagnosis, size, geographical distribution, and ecological and depth distribution. The chapter on the Stomatopoda is by Shane Ahyong.
Sections within each chapter are hierarchical, species within genera, within families (often with subfamilies as well). Identification is achieved through the use of dichotomous keys adapted from many originally published in the primary literature, or developed from scratch. Some keys are to all Australian taxa but most are to southern Australian taxa only.
The information in this book derives from over 200 years of collecting in southern Australian environments, from the intertidal to the deep sea, and publications in numerous journals in several languages. More than 800 of these papers and books are cited.
Winner of the 2005 Whitley Award for Systematics.
To Feed A Nation
Authors: Farrer Keith
Published: February 2019

To Feed a Nation takes the reader on a journey over the centuries, describing the slow and arduous development of Australian food technology and science from before European settlement to the latter half of the twentieth century.
The first part of the book gives a fascinating glimpse into Aboriginal food and culture, outlines the primitive state of European food technology at the time of the First Fleet, and shows how the colonists tried to transfer to Australia the village technologies they knew in England.
The second part describes how, for most of the nineteenth century, technology preceded science – the processing and storage of food relied on methods which, by trial and error, had been shown to work – and food science was slow to emerge.
The final part of the book highlights the twentieth century watershed — how a growing understanding of the nature of food, the principles of nutrition, and the role of micro-organisms, was able to propel food technology to where it is today.
The publication of To Feed a Nation has been sponsored by the Food Technology Association of Victoria.
Life of Marsupials
Authors: Tyndale-Biscoe Hugh
Published: February 2019

Over the past half a century research has revealed that marsupials – far from being ‘second class’ mammals – have adaptations for particular ways of life quite equal to their placental counterparts. Despite long separate evolution, there are extraordinary similarities in which marsupials have solved the challenges of living in such environments as deserts, alpine snowfields or tropical rainforests. Some can live on grass, some on pollen and others on leaves; some can glide, some can swim and others hop with extraordinary efficiency.
In Life of Marsupials, one of the world’s leading experts explores the biology and evolution of this unusual group – with their extraordinary diversity of forms around the world – in Australia, New Guinea and South America.
Joint winner of the 2005 Whitley Medal.
Included in Choice Magazine's 2006 Outstanding Academic Titles list.
Echidna
Authors: Augee Michael , Gooden Brett , Musser Anne
Published: February 2019

The echidna is one of the world’s most extraordinary creatures. It is a living fossil whose relatives were walking the earth over 100 million years ago. Like the platypus, it is a mammal that lays eggs. And, like all mammals, it has fur and produces milk.
This book describes the echidna’s lifestyle and the adaptations that have made it so successful. It draws on the latest research into these strange creatures, covering their evolution, anatomy, senses, reproduction, behaviour, feeding habits and metabolism. The authors reveal some fascinating new findings, showing how echidnas are masters of their environment, and not simply some sort of mammal ‘test model’ that went wrong. A final chapter on conservation includes information on captive diet and management.
Tree-kangaroos of Australia and New Guinea
Authors: Martin Roger
Published: February 2019

To many people, the suggestion that a kangaroo could live up a tree is fantasy. Yet, in the rainforests of Far North Queensland and New Guinea, there are extraordinary kangaroos that do just that. Many aspects of these marsupials' anatomy and biology suggest a terrestrial kangaroo ancestor. Yet no one has, so far, come forward with a convincing explanation of how, why and when mammals that was so superbly adapted for life on the ground should end up back in the trees.
This book reviews the natural history and biology of tree-kangaroos from the time of their first discovery by Europeans in the jungles of West Papua in 1826 right up to the present day, covering the latest research being conducted in Australian and New Guinea. Combining information from a number of disparate disciplines, the author sets forth the first explanation of this apparent evolutionary conundrum.
Wildlife Damage Control
Authors: Hone Jim
Published: February 2019

The types of damage caused by wildlife are many and varied, and can be costly and far-reaching. Until now, there has been little effort to identify and evaluate generalities across that broad range of species, methods and topics.
Wildlife Damage Control promotes principle-based thinking about managing impact. It documents and discusses the key principles underlying wildlife damage and its control, and demonstrates their application to real-life topics – how they have been used in management actions or how they could be tested in the future. It synthesises the wide but diffuse literature dealing with the impacts of vertebrate pests and encourages readers to adopt a more theoretical framework for thinking about pest impacts and ways to manage them.
The book is organised around key principles that apply across species, rather than looking at individual species, and is damage-based not pest animal-based. Within each chapter there are exercises designed to help readers learn and evaluate key principles. Conservation biologists, ecologists and others involved in wildlife management will find the sections covering principles in biodiversity conservation, of production such as agriculture, and in human and animal health of real value.
Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants
Authors:   Primary Industries Standing Committee
Published: February 2019

Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants draws on the most up-to-date research on the energy, protein, mineral, vitamin and water requirements of beef and dairy cattle, sheep and goats. It defines the responses of animals, in weight change, milk production and wool growth, to quantitative and qualitative changes in their feed supply. It has particular application to grazing animals.
Factors affecting the intake of feed are taken into account and recommendations are given according to the production systems being used; for instance, the feed intake of a grazing animal is affected by a larger number of variables than a housed animal. Examples of the estimation of the energy and nutrients required for the different production systems are given, as well as the production expected from predicted feed intakes. The interactions between the grazing animal, the pasture and any supplementary feeds are complex, involving herbage availability, diet selection and substitution. To facilitate the application of these recommendations to particular grazing situations, readers are directed to decision support tools and spreadsheet programs.
Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants is based on the benchmark publication, Feeding Standards for Australian Livestock: Ruminants, published in 1990 by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Standing Committee on Agriculture.
It provides comprehensive and useful information for graziers, livestock advisors, veterinarians, feed manufacturers and animal nutrition researchers. The recommendations described are equally applicable to animals in feedlots or drought yards.
Good Gardens with Less Water
Authors: Handreck Kevin
Published: February 2019

It is possible to have a great garden anywhere in Australia, even under the toughest water restrictions. Good Gardens with Less Water will show you how.
A companion to Kevin Handreck’s best-selling Gardening Down-Under, this new book is a practical guide to gardening with limited water.
This beautifully illustrated, full-colour book contains a wealth of information on such key topics as: how to improve soil structure to maximise the retention of water for use by plants; selecting drought-tolerant native and exotic plants; working out how much water to apply to different types of plants; choosing the best lawn grass for your climate; rainwater harvesting and use; and how to avoid problems when greywater is used in the garden.
With specific chapters devoted to watering systems and equipment, mulches, planting techniques and potted plants, this book offers practical solutions for anyone who wishes to garden sustainably.
Grassfires
Authors: Cheney Phil , Sullivan Andrew
Published: February 2019

Grassfires: Fuel, Weather and Fire Behaviour presents information from CSIRO on the behaviour and spread of fires in grasslands. This second edition follows over 10 years of research aimed at improving the understanding of the fundamental processes involved in the behaviour of grassfires.
The book covers all aspects of fire behaviour and spread in the major types of grasses in Australia. It examines the factors that affect fire behaviour in continuous grassy fuels; fire in spinifex fuels; the effect of weather and topography on fire spread; wildfire suppression strategies; and how to reconstruct grassfire spread after the fact. The three meters designed by CSIRO for the prediction of fire danger and rate of spread of grassfires are explained and their use and limitations discussed.
This new edition expands the discussion of historical fires including Aboriginal burning practices, the chemistry of combustion, and the structure of turbulent diffusion flames. It also examines fire safety, including the difficulty of predicting wind strength and direction and the impact of threshold wind speed on safe fire suppression. Myths and fallacies about fire behaviour are explained in relation to their impact on personal safety and survival.
Grassfires will be a valuable reference for rural fire brigade members, landholders, fire authorities, researchers and those studying landscape and ecological processes.
Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments
Authors: Draper Danny B , Richards Peter A
Published: February 2019

Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments is a comprehensive list of terms used in the universal management of urban trees.
Many of the terms are from arboricultural science, while others are derived from unproven but commonly applied concepts. Where the existing terminology to describe trees was limited or nonexistent, new terms have been introduced.
This dictionary allows for broad application and use by a wide variety of people and conveys in plain language concepts that are sometimes complex. Most major terms have been cross referenced and diagrams have been added for greater understanding. While a number of pertinent botanical terms have been included, those readily found within dictionaries of general plant sciences and botany have been omitted.
Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments promotes a greater understanding of arboriculture and urban forestry, and will assist in the preparation of reports for the management of trees, procedures and planning instruments, such as Tree Management Policies and Tree Management Orders.
Minerals, Metals and Sustainability
Authors: Rankin WJ
Published: February 2019

Minerals, Metals and Sustainability examines the exploitation of minerals and mineral products and the implications for sustainability of the consumption of finite mineral resources and the wastes associated with their production and use. It provides a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates the physical and earth sciences with the social sciences, ecology and economics.
Increasingly, graduates in the minerals industry and related sectors will not only require a deep technical and scientific understanding of their fields (such as geology, mining, metallurgy), but will also need a knowledge of how their industry relates to and can contribute to the transition to sustainability.
Minerals, Metals and Sustainability is an important reference for students of engineering and applied science and geology; practising engineers, geologists and scientists; students of economics, social sciences and related disciplines; professionals in government service in areas such as resources, environment and sustainability; and non-technical professionals working in the minerals industry or in sectors servicing the minerals industry.
Australia's Amazing Kangaroos
Authors: Richardson Ken
Published: February 2019

This book provides an authoritative source of information on kangaroos and their relatives. Topics include: species characteristics and biology, adaptations and function, and conservation. The book also discusses culling and the commercial kangaroo harvest, as well as national attitudes to kangaroos and their value for tourism.
There are 71 recognised species of kangaroo found in Australasia. Of these, 46 are endemic to Australia, 21 are endemic to the island of New Guinea, and four species are found in both regions. The various species have a number of common names, including bettong, kangaroo, pademelon, potoroo, quokka, rat kangaroo, rock wallaby, tree kangaroo, wallaby and wallaroo.
Illustrated in full colour, Australia’s Amazing Kangaroos will give readers insight into the world of this intriguing marsupial – an animal that has pride of place on the Australian Coat of Arms.