bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First detection and complete genome sequence of a new potexvirus naturally infecting Adenium obesum
Authors: Gauthier Marie-Emilie A. , Abeynayake Shamila W. , Lelwala Ruvini V. , McMaster Cassie A. , Eichner Robin , Morrison Jennifer , Elliott Candace E. , Fiorito Sonia , Dinsdale Adrian , Pattemore Julie , Barrero Roberto A.
Published: September 2023

Here, we report the detection and complete genome sequence of a novel potexvirus, tentatively named “Adenium obesum virus X” (AobVX), isolated from Adenium obesum, that was sent for virus screening at Australian Government post-entry quarantine (PEQ) facilities after being imported into Australia from China. The AobVX genome is 6781 nucleotides in length excluding the poly(A) tail and is predicted to encode conserved potexvirus proteins and sequence motifs across five open reading frames. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of this virus shares the highest amino acid sequence similarity with that of nerine potexvirus 1 (58.7% identity) and nerine virus X (58.58% identity). This is the first report of a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus in A. obesum related to members of the genus Potexvirus in the family Alphaflexiviridae.
Identification of divergent isolates of cherry latent virus 1 in Greek sweet cherry orchards
Authors: Orfanidou Chrysoula G. , Katsiani Asimina , Candresse Thierry , Marais Armelle , Gkremotsi Theodora , Drogoudi Pavlina , Kazantzis Konstantinos , Katis Nikolaos I. , Maliogka Varvara I.
Published: September 2023

In this study, samples collected from eight sweet cherry trees in northern Greece were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing for the presence of viruses. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of divergent isolates of cherry latent virus 1 (CLV-1), a recently identified trichovirus in a sweet cherry accession imported into the USA from the Republic of Georgia. The complete genome sequences of seven CLV-1 isolates were determined, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that they belonged to a separate clade from the previously characterized Georgian isolate. A small-scale survey confirmed the presence of CLV-1 in 47 out of 151 sweet cherry samples tested, and partial sequencing of 15 isolates showed a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity among them.
Analyzing CW EPR Spectra of Nitroxide Labeled Macromolecules
Authors: Altenbach Christian , Budil David
Published: September 2023

Historically, the primary result of an EPR experiment is the CW EPR spectrum, typically displayed as the first derivative of the absorption spectrum as a function of the magnetic field. Beyond very qualitative assessments, the detailed analysis of an experimental EPR spectrum is a difficult inverse problem. Given a set of parameters and a model, it is easy to calculate a spectrum, but given an EPR spectrum, it is a challenge to decide on the correct model and find all defining parameters of interest. Programs to simulate and fit CW EPR spectra have been around for a long time. Except for a very well-defined model system, an experimental spectrum of a spin labeled protein is typically a mix of multiple states. This article focuses on the analysis of the CW spectrum in several stages of detail, from qualitative to detailed. The use of the EPR lineshape fitting program MultiComponent developed in the Hubbell lab is used to illustrate common approaches to extract information relevant to protein structure, function, dynamics, and thermodynamics.
Mediating mechanisms of the relationship between exposure to deprivation and threat during childhood and adolescent psychopathology: evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Ning Ke , Gondek Dawid , Pereira Snehal M. Pinto , Lacey Rebecca E.
Published: September 2023

The key aim of our study was to examine pathways from exposure to childhood adversities (i.e., deprivation and threat) to adolescent psychopathology. The assessed mediating mechanisms included cognitive ability and emotion regulation, as proposed by the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology (DMAP). The study comprised participants from the nationally representative Millennium Cohort Study. Latent scores for deprivation and threat were derived using confirmatory factor analysis from indicators collected when participants were at age of 9 months, 3 and 5 years. Cognitive ability was measured using the Verbal Similarities subscale of the British Ability Scales II at age 11, and emotion regulation was measured using emotion dysregulation subscale of the Child Social Behavioural Questionnaire at age 7. Psychopathology, defined as psychological distress, was assessed using the Kessler 6 scale at age 17. We conducted causal mediation analysis adjusting for multiple confounding factors. We did not find total effect of either exposure to deprivation or threat on psychological distress, but we did find significant indirect effects of exposure to deprivation on psychological distress via cognitive ability (− 0.11, 95% CI − 0.20 to − 0.05) and emotion regulation (0.03, 0.02 to 0.12), and exposure to threat on psychological distress via cognitive ability (− 0.04, − 0.07 to − 0.01) and emotion regulation (0.09, 0.03 to 0.15). The lack of associations between deprivation or threat and psychological distress may be due to reporting bias or developmental period of psychopathology. Results of mediation analysis partially support the DMAP but indicate limited benefits to reduce adolescent psychological distress by targeting cognitive ability or emotion regulation to those exposed to childhood adversities.
A review and evaluation of elastic distance functions for time series clustering
Authors: Holder Christopher , Middlehurst Matthew , Bagnall Anthony
Published: September 2023

Time series clustering is the act of grouping time series data without recourse to a label. Algorithms that cluster time series can be classified into two groups: those that employ a time series specific distance measure and those that derive features from time series. Both approaches usually rely on traditional clustering algorithms such as k-means. Our focus is on partitional clustering algorithms that employ elastic distance measures, i.e. distances that perform some kind of realignment whilst measuring distance. We describe nine commonly used elastic distance measures and compare their performance with k-means and k-medoids clusterer. Our findings, based on experiments using the UCR time series archive, are surprising. We find that, generally, clustering with DTW distance is not better than using Euclidean distance and that distance measures that employ editing in conjunction with warping are significantly better than other approaches. We further observe that using k-medoids clusterer rather than k-means improves the clusterings for all nine elastic distance measures. One function, the move–split–merge (MSM) distance, is the best performing algorithm of this study, with time warp edit (TWE) distance a close second. Our conclusion is that MSM or TWE with k-medoids clusterer should be considered as a good alternative to DTW for clustering time series with elastic distance measures. We provide implementations, extensive results and guidance on reproducing results on the associated GitHub repository.
Can contralateral lymph-node metastases be ruled out in prostate cancer patients with only unilaterally positive prostate biopsy?
Authors: Michalik Bianca , Engels Svenja , Kampmeier Leonie , Dirks Lena , Henke R.-Peter , Wawroschek Friedhelm , Winter Alexander
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Our study evaluated the diagnostic benefits of bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer patients with unilaterally positive prostate biopsy.

Methods

Our retrospective analysis included clinical, surgical, and histopathological data of 440 prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy and bilateral sentinel-guided and risk-adapted complementary extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at our hospital between 2015 and 2022. We performed multiparametric logistic regression analysis to identify the most relevant predictive factors for detecting lymph-node metastasis in this group of patients.

Results

Overall, 373 patients (85%) had histopathologically bilateral tumours and 45 (10%) pN1 status, of which 22 (49%) also had lymph-node metastasis contralateral to the side of the positive prostate biopsy. In two patients with confirmed unilateral disease in prostatectomy specimens, bilateral lymph-node metastases were observed. Eight pN1 patients would have been missed by unilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy, resulting in a false-negative rate of 18%, 82% sensitivity, and 98% accuracy. Clinical tumour category, International Society of Urological Pathology grade, and percentage of prostate biopsy cores that are positive, as well as number of dissected lymph nodes contralateral to positive prostate biopsy, were determined as the most relevant predictive factors for detecting lymph-node metastasis. Our analysis was limited by its retrospective nature as well as by the fact that 80% of the patients did not receive MRI-targeted biopsy.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the diagnostic value of bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and the need for careful planning in surgery for prostate cancer patients with unilaterally positive prostate biopsy.
FacialCueNet: unmasking deception - an interpretable model for criminal interrogation using facial expressions
Authors: Nam Borum , Kim Joo Young , Bark Beomjun , Kim Yeongmyeong , Kim Jiyoon , So Soon Won , Choi Hyung Youn , Kim In Young
Published: September 2023

Polygraphs are used in criminal interrogations to detect deception. However, polygraphs can be difficult to administer under circumstances that prevent the use of biosensors. To address the shortcomings of the biosensors, deception-detection technology without biosensors is needed. We propose a deception-detection method, FacialCueNet, which is a multi-modal network that utilizes both facial images and facial cues based on deep-learning technology. FacialCueNet incorporates facial cues that indicate deception, such as action-unit frequency, symmetry, gaze pattern, and micro-expressions extracted from videos. Additionally, the spatial-temporal attention module, based on convolutional neural network and convolutional long short-term memory, is applied to FacialCueNet to provide interpretable information from interrogations. Because our goal was developing an algorithm applicable to criminal interrogations, we trained and evaluated FacialCueNet using the DDCIT dataset, which was collected using a data acquisition protocol similar to those used in actual investigations. To compare deception-detection performance with state-of-the-art works, a public dataset was also used. As a result, the mean deception-detection F1 score using the DDCIT dataset was 81.22%, with an accuracy of 70.79%, recall of 0.9476, and precision of 0.7107. When evaluating against the public database, our method demonstrated an evaluation accuracy of 88.45% and achieved an AUC of 0.9541, indicating a improvement of 1.25% compared to the previous results. We also present interpretive results of deception detection by analyzing the influence of spatial and temporal factors. These results show that FacialCueNet has the potential to detect deception using only facial videos. By providing interpretation of predictions, our system could be useful tool for criminal interrogation.
Nativity differences in socioeconomic barriers and healthcare delays among cancer survivors in the All of Us cohort
Authors: Arizpe Angel , Navarro Stephanie , Ochoa-Dominguez Carol Y. , Rodriguez Claudia , Kim Sue E. , Farias Albert J.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

We aimed to assess whether nativity differences in socioeconomic (SES) barriers and health literacy were associated with healthcare delays among US cancer survivors.

Methods

“All of Us” survey data were analyzed among adult participants ever diagnosed with cancer. A binary measure of healthcare delay (1+ delays versus no delays) was created. Health literacy was assessed using the Brief Health Literacy Screen. A composite measure of SES barriers (education, employment, housing, income, and insurance statuses) was created as 0, 1, 2, or 3+. Multivariable logistic regression model tested the associations of (1) SES barriers and health literacy with healthcare delays, and (2) whether nativity modified this relationship.

Results

Median participant age was 64 years (n = 10,020), with 8% foreign-born and 18% ethnic minorities. Compared to survivors with no SES barriers, those with 3+ had higher likelihood of experiencing healthcare delays (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.84, 2.58). For every additional barrier, the odds of healthcare delays were greater among foreign-born (1.72, 1.43, 2.08) than US-born (1.27, 1.21, 1.34). For every 1-unit increase in health literacy among US-born, the odds of healthcare delay decreased by 9% (0.91, 0.89, 0.94).

Conclusion

We found that SES barriers to healthcare delays have a greater impact among foreign-born than US-born cancer survivors. Higher health literacy may mitigate healthcare delays among US cancer survivors. Healthcare providers, systems and policymakers should assess and address social determinants of health and promote health literacy as a way to minimize healthcare delays among both foreign- and US-born cancer survivors.
Towards more sustainable Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) projects in Magway Region, Myanmar
Authors: Win Cho Zin , Jawjit Warit , Thongdara Romanee , Gheewala Shabbir H. , Prapaspongsa Trakarn
Published: September 2023

Clean water and sanitation are essential for human development. Governments, international and national aid organizations have implemented water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) projects worldwide, notably in low- and middle-income countries. However, the majority of such projects experience failure. As a result, 2.4 billion people worldwide are deprived of improved WASH services. Research revealing how WASH projects can be sustained and which factors need to be considered is crucial. Despite the gap and its importance, existing studies on the sustainability assessment of WASH projects are limited. This study attempted to assess and compare the sustainability of WASH projects in Myanmar that used the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) and Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) approaches with the “Sustainability Check” developed by The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). This research also evaluated the extent to which WASH projects contributed to the Myanmar National WASH Strategy. The study results show that both CLTS and PHAST project operations fully met the sustainability standards regarding accessibility and intra-village equity. Other sustainability indicators, such as water quality, use of sanitation facilities, and handwashing facilities, were at or above 85% and had already met the 2025 national targets. In contrast, handwashing practices have reached the 2030 national targets. The findings revealed that technical factors, institutional factors (at the community level), social, financial, and sanitation factors contributed to WASH project sustainability. The results also highlight the need for strengthening collaboration with local government to ensure that communities receive post-implementation support from local authorities, to encourage community participation and foster sense of ownership, to empower community-based bodies for O&M and monitoring of water and sanitation facilities, to integrate appropriate behavioral change activities, and to align with the National WASH Strategy. This study would be beneficial for WASH practitioners to ensure the inclusion of factors that support sustainability in the execution of future WASH projects.

Graphical abstract
Scientific representation and science identity: the case of chemistry
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Pedro J.
Published: September 2023

I put forward an inferentialist account of Lewis structures (LSs). In this view, the role of LSs is not to realistically depict molecules, but instead to allow surrogate reasoning and inference in chemistry. I also show that the usage of LSs is a central part of a person’s identity as a chemist, as it is defined within educational identity theory. Taking these conclusions together, I argue that the inferentialist approach to LSs and chemistry identity theory can be studied in parallel, as two complementary sides of the same research programme.
Gendered Division of Housework in Slovak Couples: Life Course and Other Factors
Authors: Boďa Martin , Považanová Mariana , Nedelová Gabriela , Vallušová Anna
Published: September 2023

The paper examines factors that explain the allocation of time and the gendered division of routine, non-routine and care activities in Slovak households. It departs from the extant literature in three notable respects. First, the division of household labor between partners is studied for Slovakia, a former Socialist country with a specific family and societal context, where female labor force participation evolved differently from Western market economies. Second, in conjunction with the established theories of gendering housework (the time availability, relative resources and gender ideology hypotheses), the explanation takes a life course perspective that breaks households down into five life stages by the presence and age of children. Third, the methodology considers simultaneity in the time spent on different tasks and in its division between the genders by adopting a model of seemingly unrelated regression equations. Slovak males are found to spend on average more time in paid employment and devote far fewer hours to unpaid routine housework than females do. Life cycle stages are found to be a reliable predictor especially for hours spent and the gendered division of care work. Life stages are manifested mainly in time use of women, whereas men adjust their time use only when their assistance is needed with children. Time allocation and the gendered division of routine and non-routine chores are primarily explained by income-based and education-based relative resources, whilst patterns of care work are in line with the life course rather than explained by time availability.
Equipment-process-strategy integration for sustainable machining: a review
Authors: Wang Lianguo , Cai Wei , He Yan , Peng Tao , Xie Jun , Hu Luoke , Li Li
Published: September 2023

Although the manufacturing industry has improved the quality of processing, optimization and upgrading must be performed to meet the requirements of global sustainable development. Sustainable production is considered to be a favorable strategy for achieving machining upgrades characterized by high quality, high efficiency, energy savings, and emission reduction. Sustainable production has aroused widespread interest, but only a few scholars have studied the sustainability of machining from multiple dimensions. The sustainability of machining must be investigated multidimensionally and accurately. Thus, this study explores the sustainability of machining from the aspects of equipment, process, and strategy. In particular, the equipment, process, and strategy of sustainable machining are systematically analyzed and integrated into a research framework. Then, this study analyzes sustainable machining-oriented machining equipment from the aspects of machine tools, cutting tools, and materials such as cutting fluid. Machining processes are explored as important links of sustainable machining from the aspects of dry cutting, microlubrication, microcutting, low-temperature cutting, and multidirectional cutting. The strategies for sustainable machining are also analyzed from the aspects of energy-saving control, machining simulation, and process optimization of machine tools. Finally, opportunities and challenges, including policies and regulations toward sustainable machining, are discussed. This study is expected to offer prospects for sustainable machining development and strategies for implementing sustainable machining.
Decomposition analysis of entrepreneurial activities in Japan: An international comparison
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Uddin Md. Azad , Masaru Ichihashi
Published: September 2023

Entrepreneurship is critical to economic development because it promotes economic growth. Start-ups require a healthy entrepreneurial ecosystem to succeed, but being the world’s third-largest economy, Japan does not have a satisfactory level of entrepreneurship. The objective of this study was to find the magnitude of the gap in entrepreneurial activities in Japan compared with other similar economies and to find the significant entrepreneurial attitudes for this gap. Therefore, this study used Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data from 2001–2018 and applied the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method. Three outcome variables have been used for measuring the entrepreneurial activities: Entrepreneurship, Investment, and Future Intention of Entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial activity gap has been decomposed in terms of four entrepreneurial attitudes (Network, Opportunity, Confidence, and Fear of Failure) in Japan. The results show that Confidence shares most of the part (50–60%) of the explained portion of the Entrepreneurship gap in Japan compared to other countries. For the investment gap in Japan, Confidence and Network explain most of the gap (about 60–70%), whereas Confidence and Opportunity are the most responsible (85–90%) for the gap in future business intention in Japan. This study is the first attempt to identify the entrepreneurial attitudes behind the entrepreneurial gap in Japan and provides important policy implications to enhance entrepreneurial activities in Japan as well as in other similar economies for sustainable economic development.
Low hemoglobin levels are associated with Bowman’s capsule rupture and peritubular capillaritis in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis: a link of vascular injury to anemia?
Authors: Baier Eva , Kluge Ingmar Alexander , Hakroush Samy , Tampe Björn
Published: September 2023

Background

Anemia in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated renal vasculitis is a severe complication that predicts renal survival. We here conducted correlative analyses to evaluate correlations of low hemoglobin levels and histopathological characteristics in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.

Methods

Fifty-two patients with biopsy-proven ANCA-associated renal vasculitis observed between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Spearman’s correlation was performed to assess correlations, and statistical evaluation was performed by simple and stepwise multivariable regression.

Results

Regarding laboratory anemia parameters, no significant association with serum hemoglobin levels was observed. Serum hemoglobin levels were associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the total cohort (β = 0.539, p < 0.001), and in the MPO-ANCA subgroup (β = 0.679, p = 0.008). Among tubulointerstitial lesions, decreased serum hemoglobin levels correlated with peritubular capillaritis in the whole cohort (β = − 0.358, p = 0.013), and was suggested in the MPO-ANCA subgroup (p = 0.029, r = − 0.446). Regarding glomerular lesions, the prevalence of necrotic glomeruli significantly associated with low serum hemoglobin levels in PR3-ANCA (β = − 0.424, p = 0.028). In the total cohort, a significant correlation between decreased serum hemoglobin levels and the occurrence of diffuse Bowman’s capsule rupture was identified (β = − 0.374, p = 0.014), which was implied in the MPO-ANCA subgroup (p = 0.013, r = − 0.546; p = 0.0288, slope = − 16.65).

Conclusion

Peritubular capillaritis and Bowman’s capsule rupture correlate with low hemoglobin levels; this may indicate that histopathological lesions are linked with inflammatory vascular injury and  relative erythropoietin deficiency in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.

Graphical abstract
Unequal Health
Authors: Penner Louis A. , Dovidio John F. , Hagiwara Nao , Smedley Brian D.
Published: September 2023

Racial disparities in health and life expectancy are public health problems that have existed since before the US became a country and affect all American's lives. On average, Black Americans have poorer overall health than White Americans and receive lower quality healthcare. This volume presents research from a broad range of academic disciplines, personal narratives, and historical sources to explain the origins of anti-Black racism and describe specific ways in which it threatens both Black Americans' health and the quality of their medical care. Using their own research and public policy expertise, the authors analyze the critical roles of individual and systemic racial bias in these racial health disparities and their consequence for all Americans. They also identify current viable interventions that can reduce current racial health disparities. Unequal Health is invaluable to professionals who study health disparities and lay people who are concerned about them.
Virtue Capitalists
Authors: Forsyth Hannah
Published: September 2023

Virtue Capitalists explores the rise of the professional middle class across the Anglophone world from c. 1870 to 2008. With a focus on British settler colonies – Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States – Hannah Forsyth argues that the British middle class structured old forms of virtue into rapidly expanding white-collar professional work, needed to drive both economic and civilizational expansion across their settler colonies. They invested that virtue to produce social and economic profit. This virtue became embedded in the networked Anglophone economy so that, by the mid twentieth century, the professional class ruled the world in alliance with managers whose resources enabled the implementation of virtuous strategies. Since morality and capital had become materially entangled, the 1970s economic crisis also presented a moral crisis for all professions, beginning a process whereby the interests of expert and managerial workers separated and began to actively compete.
The Cultural Politics of Art in Iran
Authors: Nahidi Katrin
Published: September 2023

Modernist Iranian art represents a highly diverse field of cultural production deeply involved in discussing questions of modernity and modernization as practiced in Iran. This book investigates how artistic production and art criticism reflected upon the discourse about gharbzadegi (westoxification), the most substantial critique of Iran's adaptation of Western modernity, and ultimately proved to be a laboratory for the negotiation of an anti-colonial concept of an Iranian artistic modernity, which artists and critics envisioned as a significant other to Western colonial modernity. In this book, Katrin Nahidi revisits Iranian modernist art, aiming to explore a political and contextualized interpretation of modernism. Based on extensive fieldwork, interviews, and archival research, Nahidi provides a history of modernist art production since the 1950s and reveals the complex political agency underlying art historiographical processes. Offering a key contribution to postcolonial art history, Nahidi shows how Iranian artistic modernity was used to flesh out anti-colonial concepts and ideas around Iranian national identity.
Deep learning for morphological identification of extended radio galaxies using weak labels
Authors: Gupta Nikhel , Hayder Zeeshan , Norris Ray P. , Huynh Minh , Petersson Lars , Wang X. Rosalind , Andernach Heinz , Koribalski Bärbel S. , Yew Miranda , Crawford Evan J.
Published: September 2023

The present work discusses the use of a weakly-supervised deep learning algorithm that reduces the cost of labelling pixel-level masks for complex radio galaxies with multiple components. The algorithm is trained on weak class-level labels of radio galaxies to get class activation maps (CAMs). The CAMs are further refined using an inter-pixel relations network (IRNet) to get instance segmentation masks over radio galaxies and the positions of their infrared hosts. We use data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope, specifically the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) Pilot Survey, which covered a sky area of 270 square degrees with an RMS sensitivity of 25–35

$\mu$

Jy beam

$^{-1}$

. We demonstrate that weakly-supervised deep learning algorithms can achieve high accuracy in predicting pixel-level information, including masks for the extended radio emission encapsulating all galaxy components and the positions of the infrared host galaxies. We evaluate the performance of our method using mean Average Precision (mAP) across multiple classes at a standard intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.5. We show that the model achieves a mAP

$_{50}$

of 67.5% and 76.8% for radio masks and infrared host positions, respectively. The network architecture can be found at the following link: https://github.com/Nikhel1/Gal-CAM
On the linearized Whitham–Broer–Kaup system on bounded domains
Authors: Liverani L. , Mammeri Y. , Pata V. , Quintanilla R.
Published: September 2023

We consider the system of partial differential equations

\[ \begin{cases} \eta_t - \alpha u_{xxx} - \beta \eta_{xx} = 0 \\ u_t + \eta_x + \beta u_{xx} = 0 \end{cases} \]

on bounded domains, known in the literature as the Whitham–Broer–Kaup system. The well-posedness of the problem, under suitable boundary conditions, is addressed, and it is shown to depend on the sign of the number

\[ \varkappa=\alpha-\beta^2. \]

In particular, existence and uniqueness occur if and only if

$\varkappa >0$

. In which case, an explicit representation for the solutions is given. Nonetheless, for the case

$\varkappa \leq 0$

we have uniqueness in the class of strong solutions, and sufficient conditions to guarantee exponential instability are provided.
On the dimension of planar self-affine sets with non-invertible maps
Authors: Bárány Balázs , Körtvélyesi Viktor
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study the dimension of planar self-affine sets, of which generating iterated function system (IFS) contains non-invertible affine mappings. We show that under a certain separation condition the dimension equals to the affinity dimension for a typical choice of the linear-parts of the non-invertible mappings, furthermore, we show that the dimension is strictly smaller than the affinity dimension for certain choices of parameters.
Galois groups and prime divisors in random quadratic sequences
Authors: DOYLE JOHN R. , HEALEY VIVIAN OLSIEWSKI , HINDES WADE , JONES RAFE
Published: September 2023

Given a set
$S=\{x^2+c_1,\dots,x^2+c_s\}$
defined over a field and an infinite sequence
$\gamma$
of elements of S, one can associate an arboreal representation to
$\gamma$
, generalising the case of iterating a single polynomial. We study the probability that a random sequence
$\gamma$
produces a “large-image” representation, meaning that infinitely many subquotients in the natural filtration are maximal. We prove that this probability is positive for most sets S defined over
$\mathbb{Z}[t]$
, and we conjecture a similar positive-probability result for suitable sets over
$\mathbb{Q}$
. As an application of large-image representations, we prove a density-zero result for the set of prime divisors of some associated quadratic sequences. We also consider the stronger condition of the representation being finite-index, and we classify all S possessing a particular kind of obstruction that generalises the post-critically finite case in single-polynomial iteration.
Zoonotic pathogens identified in rodents and shrews from four provinces, China, 2015–2022
Authors: Tian Shen , Jiang Bao-Gui , Liu Wan-Shuang , Chen Hao-Rong , Gao Zi-Hou , Pu En-Nian , Li Yu-Qiong , Chen Jin-Jin , Fang Li-Qun , Wang Guo-Lin , Du Chun-Hong , Wei Yue-Hong
Published: September 2023

Rodents and shrews are major reservoirs of various pathogens that are related to zoonotic infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate co-infections of zoonotic pathogens in rodents and shrews trapped in four provinces of China. We sampled different rodent and shrew communities within and around human settlements in four provinces of China and characterised several important zoonotic viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens by PCR methods and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 864 rodents and shrews belonging to 24 and 13 species from RODENTIA and EULIPOTYPHLA orders were captured, respectively. For viral pathogens, two species of hantavirus (Hantaan orthohantavirus and Caobang orthohantavirus) were identified in 3.47% of rodents and shrews. The overall prevalence of Bartonella spp., Anaplasmataceae, Babesia spp., Leptospira spp., Spotted fever group Rickettsiae, Borrelia spp., and Coxiella burnetii were 31.25%, 8.91%, 4.17%, 3.94%, 3.59%, 3.47%, and 0.58%, respectively. Furthermore, the highest co-infection status of three pathogens was observed among Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., and Anaplasmataceae with a co-infection rate of 0.46%. Our results suggested that species distribution and co-infections of zoonotic pathogens were prevalent in rodents and shrews, highlighting the necessity of active surveillance for zoonotic pathogens in wild mammals in wider regions.
Public education and professionalisation of Italian Agriculture (1861–1914)
Authors: Vaquero Piñeiro Manuel
Published: September 2023

This paper analyses the formation in Italy of a school system focused on the training of technical and managerial personnel in the agricultural sector. Drawing on a rich literature on the relationship between school training, social change, and economic modernisation, this study details an under-researched aspect of the formation of the national state. Italy constitutes an exemplary case study as for the reforming action of public institutions in the field of education as well as the modernising policies that concerned the rural sector of the country before the First World War. Schools of agriculture in Italy became a means of social advancement not only for a wide sector of rural society but also for the children of the artisan and commercial bourgeoisie of small urban centres. This study thereby makes a novel contribution to the ongoing debate on the development of agriculture-related professions in Italy between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Varieties of Environmentalisms and Latino Views of Climate Action
Authors: Segura Gary M.
Published: September 2023

The well-understood gap between “mainstream” environmental organizations and Americans from minority populations is rooted in two phenomena. First, in the mid-1990s, hostility expressed toward immigrants and immigration by the Sierra Club (among other groups) drove a wedge between environmentalism and Latinos, as 87% of all Latinos are within two generations of the immigration experience. Second, whereas larger environmental groups focused on pollution and other forms of environmental degradation as well as conservation of natural and wild spaces, minority Americans showed less engagement in these issues and were affected more directly by air and water pollution and its consequences—phenomena that more directly affect communities of color. “Environmental justice” movements and organizations emerged to fill the gap left by the somewhat diminished focus of large “mainstream” groups on minority populations.
Have Social Policy Responses to COVID-19 Been Institutionalised?
Authors: Cruz-Martínez Gibrán , Pellissery Sony , Velázquez Leyer Ricardo
Published: September 2023

Countries adopted a variety of social policy responses to reduce the social risks exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which in some cases took the form of institutional reforms. The study of the institutionalisation of emergency responses is relevant to understanding if and how a critical juncture, like the one opened by the pandemic, can generate path dependencies or changes that expand or retrench social protection. This state-of-the-art article offers an overview of how social policy responses to the pandemic have translated to institutional reform across the globe under various types of welfare systems. By conducting a systematic literature review of thirty-nine peer-reviewed journal articles in two leading bibliographic databases (Scopus and Web of Science), this article reviews the available evidence on the responses to the pandemic and their institutional consequences. We find four underlying research clusters regarding the degree of institutionalisation of the social policy responses implemented during the pandemic.
Closing Greenland's Mass Balance: Frontal Ablation of Every Greenlandic Glacier From 2000 to 2020
Authors: Kochtitzky William , Copland Luke , King Michalea , Hugonnet Romain , Jiskoot Hester , Morlighem Mathieu , Millan Romain , Khan Shfaqat Abbas , Noël Brice
Published: September 2023

In Greenland, 87% of the glacierized area terminates in the ocean, but mass lost at the ice‐ocean interface, or frontal ablation, has not yet been fully quantified. Using measurements and models we calculate frontal ablation of Greenland's 213 outlet and 537 peripheral glaciers and find a total frontal ablation of 481.8 ± 24.0 for 2000–2010 and 510.2 ± 18.6 Gt a−1 for 2010–2020. Ice discharge accounted for ∼90% of frontal ablation during both periods, while mass loss due to terminus retreat comprised the remainder. Only 16 glaciers were responsible for the majority (>50%) of frontal ablation from 2010 to 2020. These estimates, along with the climatic‐basal balance, allow for a more complete accounting of Greenland Ice Sheet and peripheral glacier mass balance. In total, Greenland accounted for ∼90% of Northern Hemisphere frontal ablation for 2000–2010 and 2010–2020.
Wintertime Cooling of the Arctic TOA by Low‐Level Clouds
Authors: Li Xia , Mace Gerald G. , Strong Courtenay , Krueger Steven K.
Published: September 2023

Globally, clouds are known to warm the climate system in the thermal infrared because they typically emit thermal radiation to space at effective temperatures lower than the combined cloud‐free atmosphere and surface. However, here we show that ∼40% of low‐level clouds over sea ice tend to cool the Arctic system at TOA and contribute to a radiative cooling of the Arctic winter climate by −2.3 Wm−2, or a ∼16% reduction over the infrared warming effect of all clouds during winter. Based on satellite observations, low‐level clouds residing in surface‐based temperature inversions emit more longwave radiation to space than would occur in cloudless skies. While these clouds are known to significantly warm the surface, they cool the Arctic climate system overall. Our results imply that accurately representing the cloud radiative effects unique to the Arctic could help to constrain the regional energy budget.
Magnetospheric Time History in Storm‐Time Magnetic Flux Dynamics
Authors: Akhavan‐Tafti M. , Atilaw T. Y. , Fontaine D. , Le Contel O. , Slavin J. A. , Pulkkinen T.
Published: September 2023

Magnetospheric magnetic flux dynamics is quantified in 29 geomagnetic storms between 2015 and 2019, using near‐equatorial Van Allen Probe, GOES, and Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites. For the first time, concurrent, multi‐probe observations are utilized to preserve magnetospheric time history, defined as the state of the magnetosphere leading up to an observation. It is revealed that, relative to pre‐storm conditions, (a) during the storm sudden commencement (SSC), magnetic flux uniformly increases ΔΨ = +15% throughout the magnetosphere, except in the nightside inner magnetosphere where ΔΨ = −30%, and (b) during storm main and recovery phases, ΔΨ = −30% and −15%, respectively, in the nightside magnetosphere, at radial distances 5 ≤ r [RE] < 8. It is found that a symmetric ring current is likely formed in the nightside, early in the storm process (localized during SSC), which then broadens during the main phase, before weakening during the recovery phase. The current system on the dayside shows a distinct dawn‐dusk asymmetry.
The Role of Topography in Controlling Evapotranspiration Age
Authors: Yang Chen , Maxwell Reed , McDonnell Jeffrey , Yang Xiaofan , Tijerina‐Kreuzer Danielle
Published: September 2023

Evapotranspiration (ET) age is a key metric of water sustainability but a major unknown partly due to the extreme difficulty in modeling it. Groundwater is found to be important in ET age variations in small‐scale studies, yet our understanding is insufficient because groundwater systems are nested across scales. Here, we conducted GPU‐accelerated particle tracking with integrated hydrologic modeling to quantify the variations in ET age at a regional scale of ∼0.4 M km2. Simulation results reveal topography‐driven flow paths shaping the spatial and temporal patterns of ET age variations. On ridges, where root zone decoupling with deep subsurface storage, ET age is generally young, with seasonal variations dominated by meteorological conditions. In the valley bottom, ET age is generally old, with significant subseasonal variations caused by the convergence of subsurface flow paths. On hillslopes with water table depths ranging from 1 to 10 m, ET age shows strong seasonal variations caused by the connections with lateral groundwater regulated by ET demand. Our modeling approach provides insights into the basic linkages between ET age and topography at large scale. Our work highlights the perspective of multiscale studies of ET age, suggesting new field experiments to test these process connections and to determine if such linkages warrant inclusion in Earth System Models.
Diverse Impacts of ENSO on the Intensity of Tropical Western North Pacific Synoptic‐Scale Disturbances During Boreal Summer
Authors: Gu Qinlu , Wu Renguang , Wang Yuqi , Zhu Peijun
Published: September 2023

Present study analyzes diverse impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the intensity of synoptic‐scale disturbances (SSDs) over the tropical western North Pacific (TWNP) during boreal summer. Asymmetric changes in the SSD intensity are detected in El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) developing summers. The increase in the SSD intensity is larger and located more eastward in EN developing summers compared to the decrease in LN developing summers. The asymmetric SSD intensity changes are associated with an eastward shift of anomalous low‐level cyclone and mid‐level ascent during EN developing summers relative to opposite anomalies during LN developing summers. The above difference is attributed to zonally asymmetric anomalous equatorial central‐eastern Pacific heating and cooling in EN and LN years. Sensitivity experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model illustrate that the major reason for asymmetric TWNP SSD intensity changes is the asymmetric atmospheric response to opposite sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in EN and LN years. Comparisons between strong and moderate ENSO events show an obvious dependence of the SSD intensity change on the amplitude of EN, but not on the amplitude of LN. This indicates a stronger sensitivity to warmer SST than to colder SST. The enhancement of the TWNP SSD intensity is confined to a more westward longitude in Central than Eastern Pacific EN years with a comparable magnitude.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis uncovers the origin and intratumoral heterogeneity of parotid pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Xu Xiuyun , Xie Jiaxiang , Ling Rongsong , Ouyang Shengqi , Xiong Gan , Lu Yanwen , Yun Bokai , Zhang Ming , Wang Wenjin , Liu Xiqiang , Chen Demeng , Wang Cheng
Published: September 2023

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumour in the salivary gland and has high morphological complexity. However, the origin and intratumoral heterogeneity of PA are largely unknown. Here, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of PA at single-cell resolution and showed that PA exhibited five tumour subpopulations, three recapitulating the epithelial states of the normal parotid gland, and two PA-specific epithelial cell (PASE) populations unique to tumours. Then, six subgroups of PASE cells were identified, which varied in epithelium, bone, immune, metabolism, stemness and cell cycle signatures. Moreover, we revealed that CD36+ myoepithelial cells were the tumour-initiating cells (TICs) in PA, and were dominated by the PI3K-AKT pathway. Targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway significantly inhibited CD36+ myoepithelial cell-derived tumour spheres and the growth of PA organoids. Our results provide new insights into the diversity and origin of PA, offering an important clinical implication for targeting the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway in PA treatment.
Astrocyte reactivity and inflammation-induced depression-like behaviors are regulated by Orai1 calcium channels
Authors: Novakovic Michaela M. , Korshunov Kirill S. , Grant Rogan A. , Martin Megan E. , Valencia Hiam A. , Budinger G. R. Scott , Radulovic Jelena , Prakriya Murali
Published: September 2023

Astrocytes contribute to brain inflammation in neurological disorders but the molecular mechanisms controlling astrocyte reactivity and their relationship to neuroinflammatory endpoints are complex and poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the role of the calcium channel, Orai1, for astrocyte reactivity and inflammation-evoked depression behaviors in mice. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis indicated that deletion of Orai1 in astrocytes downregulates genes in inflammation and immunity, metabolism, and cell cycle pathways, and reduces cellular metabolites and ATP production. Systemic inflammation by peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases hippocampal inflammatory markers in WT but not in astrocyte Orai1 knockout mice. Loss of Orai1 also blunts inflammation-induced astrocyte Ca2+ signaling and inhibitory neurotransmission in the hippocampus. In line with these cellular changes, Orai1 knockout mice showed amelioration of LPS-evoked depression-like behaviors including anhedonia and helplessness. These findings identify Orai1 as an important signaling hub controlling astrocyte reactivity and astrocyte-mediated brain inflammation that is commonly observed in many neurological disorders.
Noise resilient exceptional-point voltmeters enabled by oscillation quenching phenomena
Authors: Suntharalingam Arunn , Fernández-Alcázar Lucas , Kononchuk Rodion , Kottos Tsampikos
Published: September 2023

Exceptional point degeneracies (EPD) of linear non-Hermitian systems have been recently utilized for hypersensitive sensing. This proposal exploits the sublinear response that the degenerate frequencies experience once the system is externally perturbed. The enhanced sensitivity, however, might be offset by excess (fundamental and/or technical) noise. Here, we developed a self-oscillating nonlinear platform that supports transitions between two distinct oscillation quenching mechanisms – one having a spatially symmetric steady-state, and the other with an asymmetric steady-state – and displays nonlinear EPDs (NLEPDs) that can be employed for noise-resilient sensing. The experimental setup incorporates a nonlinear electronic dimer with voltage-sensitive coupling and demonstrates two-orders signal-to-noise enhancement of voltage variation measurements near NLEPDs. Our results resolve a long-standing debate on the efficacy of EPD-sensing in active systems above self-oscillating threshold.
Recyclable photoresins for light-mediated additive manufacturing towards Loop 3D printing
Authors: Lopez de Pariza Xabier , Varela Oihane , Catt Samantha O. , Long Timothy E. , Blasco Eva , Sardon Haritz
Published: September 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) of polymeric materials enables the manufacturing of complex structures for a wide range of applications. Among AM methods vat photopolymerization (VP) is desired owing to improved efficiency, excellent surface finish, and printing resolution at the micron-scale. Nevertheless, the major portion of resins available for VP are based on systems with limited or negligible recyclability. Here, we describe an approach that enables the printing of a resin that is amenable to re-printing with retained properties and appearance. To that end, we take advantage of the potential of polythiourethane chemistry, which not only permits the click reaction between polythiols and polyisocyanates in the presence of organic bases, allowing a fast-printing process but also chemical recycling, reshaping, and reparation of the printed structures, paving the way toward the development of truly sustainable recyclable photoprintable resins. We demonstrate that this closed-loop 3D printing process is feasible both at the macroscale and microscale via DLP or DLW, respectively.