bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of a combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs
Authors: Choi Hyunjun , Duarte Yesid Garavito , Pasquali Guilherme A. M. , Kim Sung Woo
Published: May 2024

Background

Xylanase and β-glucanase combination (XG) hydrolyzes soluble non-starch polysaccharides that are anti-nutritional compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of XG on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs.

Methods

Forty pigs (6.5 ± 0.4 kg) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed for 35 d in 3 phases (11, 9, and 15 d, respectively). Basal diets mainly included corn, soybean meal, and corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles, contained phytase (750 FTU/kg), and were supplemented with 5 levels of XG at (1) 0, (2) 280 TXU/kg xylanase and 125 TGU/kg β-glucanase, (3) 560 and 250, (4) 840 and 375, or (5) 1,120 and 500, respectively. Growth performance was measured. On d 35, all pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosa, jejunal digesta, jejunal tissues, and ileal digesta were collected to determine the effects of increasing XG levels and XG intake on intestinal health.

Results

Increasing XG intake tended to quadratically decrease (P = 0.059) viscosity of jejunal digesta (min: 1.74 mPa·s at 751/335 (TXU/TGU)/kg). Increasing levels of XG quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) Prevotellaceae (min: 0.6% at 630/281 (TXU/TGU)/kg) in the jejunal mucosa. Increasing XG intake quadratically increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacillaceae (max: 40.3% at 608/271 (TXU/TGU)/kg) in the jejunal mucosa. Increasing XG intake quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) Helicobacteraceae (min: 1.6% at 560/250 (TXU/TGU)/kg) in the jejunal mucosa. Increasing levels of XG tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.073) jejunal IgG and tended to quadratically increase (P = 0.085) jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio (max: 2.62 at 560/250 (TXU/TGU)/kg). Increasing XG intake tended to linearly increase the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.087) and ether extract (P = 0.065). Increasing XG intake linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain.

Conclusions

A combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase would hydrolyze the non-starch polysaccharides fractions, positively modulating the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. Increased intake of these enzyme combination possibly reduced digesta viscosity and humoral immune response in the jejunum resulting in improved intestinal structure, and ileal digestibility of nutrients, and finally improving growth of nursery pigs. The beneficial effects were maximized at a combination of 550 to 800 TXU/kg xylanase and 250 to 360 TGU/kg β-glucanase.
Laminin-associated integrins mediate Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma infiltration and therapy response within a neural assembloid model
Authors: Sinha Sauradeep , Huang Michelle S. , Mikos Georgios , Bedi Yudhishtar , Soto Luis , Lensch Sarah , Ayushman Manish , Bintu Lacramioara , Bhutani Nidhi , Heilshorn Sarah C. , Yang Fan
Published: May 2024

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a highly aggressive and fatal pediatric brain cancer. One pre-requisite for tumor cells to infiltrate is adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. However, it remains largely unknown which ECM proteins are critical in enabling DIPG adhesion and migration and which integrin receptors mediate these processes. Here, we identify laminin as a key ECM protein that supports robust DIPG cell adhesion and migration. To study DIPG infiltration, we developed a DIPG-neural assembloid model, which is composed of a DIPG spheroid fused to a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural organoid. Using this assembloid model, we demonstrate that knockdown of laminin-associated integrins significantly impedes DIPG infiltration. Moreover, laminin-associated integrin knockdown improves DIPG response to radiation and HDAC inhibitor treatment within the DIPG-neural assembloids. These findings reveal the critical role of laminin-associated integrins in mediating DIPG progression and drug response. The results also provide evidence that disrupting integrin receptors may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance DIPG treatment outcomes. Finally, these results establish DIPG-neural assembloid models as a powerful tool to study DIPG disease progression and enable drug discovery.
Emerging trends in GIS application on cultural heritage conservation: a review
Authors: Liu Beibei , Wu Cong , Xu Weixing , Shen Yingning , Tang Fengliang
Published: May 2024

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based technologies are increasingly crucial in the domain of cultural heritage conservation, facilitating the construction of dynamic information management systems and serving as robust platforms for research and display. This review utilizes CiteSpace and Bibliometrix R language to perform a bibliometric analysis of academic literature sourced from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, focusing on the application of GIS in cultural heritage conservation. The analysis covers a broad spectrum of academic articles, identifying research hotspots, patterns of national cooperation, interdisciplinary mobility, knowledge structure, and developmental trends. The findings reveal that this research area is experiencing a phase of steady growth. While three emerging trends have been identified, demonstrating significant theoretical and technical advancements, there remains considerable potential for enhancing in their practical implication within conservation efforts. The study advocates for the integration of digital technologies into the humanities, emphasizing the need for a heritage database equipped with standardized data exchange protocols to support display and analytical functions. This systematic research approach not only illuminates new strategies for the inheritance and innovation in the conservation of cultural heritage, but also paves the way for future explorations in this increasingly vital field.
Multicriteria screening evaluation of geothermal resources on mine lands for direct use heating
Authors: Gasperikova Erika , Ulrich Craig , Omitaomu Olufemi A. , Dobson Patrick , Zhang Yingqi
Published: May 2024

Direct use of geothermal energy is the oldest and most versatile form of utilizing geothermal energy. In the last decade, this utilization has significantly increased, especially with the installation of geothermal (ground-source) heat pumps. Many current and inactive mine land sites across the U.S. could be redeveloped with clean energy technologies such as direct use geothermal, which would revitalize former mining communities, help with reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy. We present a multicriteria screening framework to evaluate various aspects of direct-use geothermal projects on mine lands. The criteria are divided into three categories: (1) technical potential, (2) demand and benefits, and (3) regulatory and permitting. We demonstrate the framework using publicly available data on a national scale (continental U.S.). Then, using an example of abandoned coal mines in Illinois and focusing on resource potential, we illustrate how this evaluation can be applied at the state or more local scales when a region’s characteristics drive spatial variability estimates. The strength of this approach is the ability to combine seemingly disparate parameters and inputs from numerous sources. The framework is very flexible—additional criteria can be easily incorporated and weights modified if input data support them. Vice versa, the framework can also help identify additional data needed for evaluating those criteria. The multicriteria screening evaluation methodology provides a framework for identifying potential candidates for detailed site evaluation and characterization.
Recent advances in cardiorespiratory monitoring in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients
Authors: Chiumello Davide , Fioccola Antonio
Published: May 2024

Background

Recent advances on cardiorespiratory monitoring applied in ARDS patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation and noninvasive ventilatory support are available in the literature and may have potential prognostic implication in ARDS treatment.

Main body

The measurement of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry is a valid, low-cost, noninvasive alternative for assessing arterial oxygenation. Caution must be taken in patients with darker skin pigmentation, who may experience a greater incidence of occult hypoxemia. Dead space surrogates, which are easy to calculate, have important prognostic implications. The mechanical power, which can be automatically computed by intensive care ventilators, is an important parameter correlated with ventilator-induced lung injury and outcome. In patients undergoing noninvasive ventilatory support, the use of esophageal pressure can measure inspiratory effort, avoiding possible delays in endotracheal intubation. Fluid responsiveness can also be evaluated using dynamic indices in patients ventilated at low tidal volumes (< 8 mL/kg). In patients ventilated at high levels of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), the PEEP test represents a valid alternative to passive leg raising. There is growing evidence on alternative parameters for evaluating fluid responsiveness, such as central venous oxygen saturation variations, inferior vena cava diameter variations and capillary refill time.

Conclusion

Careful cardiorespiratory monitoring in patients affected by ARDS is crucial to improve prognosis and to tailor treatment via mechanical ventilatory support.
Climatic changes: knowledge and adaptation behavior to heat-related illness among solid waste disposal workers
Authors: Elshamy Raghda A. , Eladl Afaf M. , Zaitoun Mona F.
Published: May 2024

Background

Earth’s climate changes are progressing at an alarming rate. One of the most severe effects of climate change is extreme heat. This study aimed to assess knowledge and adaptation behavior to heat-related illness (HRI) among solid waste disposal workers in the 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt, and to study the predictors for their knowledge and adaptation behavior.

Methods

An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 solid waste disposal workers. A structured interview questionnaire was used to assess the studied workers’ sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, heat exposure risk, and their knowledge, and adaptation behavior.

Results

The results showed that 40% and 30% of participants had adequate levels of total knowledge and adaptation behavior, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between workers’ knowledge and both age and education. There was a statistically significant relationship between workers’ adaptation behavior and age, duration of employment, working hours, and education. A binary logistic regression for significant predictors of knowledge and adaptation behavior showed that age and education were the most significant predictors.

Conclusion

Solid waste disposal workers were at high risk of HRI due to their low levels of knowledge and adaptation behavior regarding HRI. Educational health programs that guide workers to follow healthy behaviors and prevent HRI are recommended.
Detection and antibiogram profile of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from two abattoir settings in northwest Ethiopia: a one health perspective
Authors: Abey Solomon Lulie , Teka Mersha , Bitew Abebe Belete , Molla Wassie , Ejo Mebrat , Dagnaw Gashaw Getaneh , Adugna Takele , Nigatu Seleshe , Mengistu Bemrew Admassu , Kinde Mebrie Zemene , Berju Adugna , Belete Mequanint Addisu , Temesgen Wudu , Dagnachew Shimelis , Tesema Tesfaye Sisay
Published: May 2024

Background

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a zoonotic pathogen that contaminates abattoir workers, slaughter environments, slaughter equipment, and carcasses during abattoir processing. Infection with E. coli is associated with the consumption of contaminated food and water, and it is a potential threat to the health and welfare of both humans and animals. Hence, this study aimed to detect diarrheagenic E. coli and assess its antibiogram profile in two abattoir settings, in one health lens.

Methods

A cross-sectional study in one health approach was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021. A total of 384 samples from abattoir workers’ hands, carcasses, knives, cattle feces, abattoir water and effluents were collected. Bacterial culture and biochemical tests were conducted to isolate E. coli, while conventional polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify virulence genes. The antibiogram of diarrheagenic E. coli was tested against nine antimicrobials using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.

Results

A total of 115 (29.95%) E. coli were isolated from the 384 samples, and from these isolates, about 17 (14.8%) were confirmed to be diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). Among the DEC pathotypes, nine (52.94%), five (29.4%), and three (17.65%) were Shiga toxin-producing, enterohemorrhagic, and enterotoxigenic E. coli, respectively. While 14 (82.35%) DEC isolates harbored the stx2 gene, five (29.41%) the eae gene, five (29.41%) the hlyA gene and three (17.65%) harbored the st gene. All the DEC isolates were resistant to erythromycin and vancomycin; whereas, they were susceptible to ampicillin, nalidixic acid and norfloxacin. Furthermore, 64.7% of DEC isolates showed resistance to both ceftazidime and kanamycin and 88.24% of the isolates showed multidrug resistance.

Conclusion

This study detected DEC isolates having different virulence genes, which showed single and multiple antimicrobial resistance. Given the existing poor hygienic and sanitary practices along the abattoir-to-table food chain, coupled with the habit of raw meat consumption, this result indicates a potential public and animal health risk from the pathogen and antimicrobial resistance.
Clinical effects of combined anteversion and offset on postoperative dislocation in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hidaka Ryo , Matsuda Kenta , Nakamura Shigeru , Nakamura Masaki , Kawano Hirotaka
Published: May 2024

Background

Implant impingement and soft tissue tension are factors involved in dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Combined anteversion (CA) has been used as an indicator for implant placement. However, optimal implant placement remains a challenge. Moreover, the effect of changes in offset on dislocation is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of postoperative CA and pre- and postoperative changes in offset on dislocation.

Methods

Included were patients who underwent primary cementless THA between 2013 and 2020. The mean values of CA and offset in the dislocation and non-dislocation groups were compared. The CA values within ± 10% of the recommended values were defined as good CA, and those outside the range were rated as poor CA. The dislocation rates were compared between the good and poor CA groups and between the groups with and without increased offset.

Results

A total of 283 hips were included. The mean values of CA in the dislocation and non-dislocation groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). The dislocation rate was significantly lower in the good CA group (P < 0.05). The dislocation rates in the groups with and without increased total offset were 0.5% and 4.3%, respectively (P = 0.004). There were no dislocations in patients with good CA and increased offset.

Conclusions

The dislocation rate was significantly lower when implants were placed within ± 10% of the recommended CA value. Our results suggest that dislocation can be avoided by placing the implant in the good CA range and considering the increase in total offset on the operative side.
Vacuum microwave drying of PEF-pretreated Chilean abalone (Concholepas Concholepas) slices: drying features, sustainability parameters, and protein quality properties
Authors: Pérez-Won Mario , González-Cavieres Luis , Palma-Acevedo Anais , Jara-Quijada Erick , Tabilo-Munizaga Gipsy , Lemus-Mondaca Roberto
Published: May 2024

A pulsed electric field (PEF: 2.0 kV/cm) was applied before vacuum microwave drying (VMD: 120 W, 120/260 W, and 260 W at 40 kPa) on Chilean abalone mollusks. PEF and VMD effects on process features (drying kinetics, modeling, and sustainability) and product quality (texture, structure, and digestibility) were measured. The PEF application increased moisture diffusivity by up to 27% in the combined PEF+VMD process. According to the statistical analysis applied to all mathematical models, the Logarithmic model was best fitted to VMD experimental values. In terms of energy consumption, applying PEF+VMD reduced energy consumption by up to 33% of the 120W and 120/260W non-PEF samples. The best values for the rehydration index were obtained with the 120/260W (45%) and PEF+120/260W (61%) treatments. In addition, these samples had the best texture parameters. The PEF+120/260W treatment showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (11%) for the calculated protein efficiency. Finally, using PEF as a pretreatment in a VMD process can be cost-effective for scale replication due to its time efficiency and product quality to Chilean abalone samples.

Graphical Abstract
Relation between body appreciation, eating disorder risk, emotional distress, and BMI among a group of Egyptian subjects
Authors: El Basiouny Doaa , Habib Hana I. , Moore Sally , Khalil Mohamed A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Body image appreciation is an important psychological aspect for all individuals of all ages which affects their psychological, personal, and social well-being.

Objectives

Examining the relationship between disordered eating tendencies, body appreciation, body mass index (BMI), and emotional distress among individuals who follow and seek psychological services from the non-profit entitative Egyptian eating disorders initiative EEDI and an online therapy platform.

Methods

A cross-sectional study including 301 healthy participants with no past medical or psychiatric history was conducted. Participants completed an online survey including demographic data, BMI, and three measures: The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaires.

Results

Participants with disordered eating tendencies — according to EAT-26 — had lower BAS scores (p < 0.001) and higher DASS depression, anxiety, and stress scores (p < 0.001). EAT-26 was negatively correlated with age (p = 0.003) and BAS (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, it was positively correlated with the three DASS scales (p < 0.001). BAS was negatively correlated with body mass index and the three DASS scales (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Body appreciation decreases with increased disordered eating tendencies and BMI. Depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with a decrease in body appreciation.
Management of uretero-colonic fistulas and ureteral injuries: a comprehensive surgical and endoscopic approach
Authors: Chavez Jose Luis Gonzalez , Urueta Pedro Salvador Jiménez , Camacho Edgar Melo , Guzmán Sofia Brenes
Published: May 2024

Background

Pediatric ureteral injuries can arise from trauma or surgical procedures, and urinary-enteral fistulas, although rare, are both challenging to manage and repair. More information is needed regarding ureteral-enteral fistulas in the general population, and successful treatment options are limited. This case report introduces an innovative approach, treatment, and successful follow-up featuring a novel repair technique designed for pediatric patients.

Case presentation

As a result of complicated appendicitis, a 2-year-old male developed a uretero-enteral fistula. A right ureteral-enteral fistula was detected, and because of the persistent metabolic acidosis and deteriorating malnourishment, a percutaneous nephrostomy tube was inserted with the closure of the fistula through a colonoscopy clip. Three months later, with a better patient’s condition, corrective ureteral surgery was performed with total resection of the fistulized ileocolonic segment (an anastomosis previously made because of the ileocecal valve resection secondary to appendiceal process) and total reconstruction of the urinary tract using a Boari vesical flap. The postoperative course was satisfactory.

Conclusion

Managing the ureteral-enteral fistulas is a surgical challenge due to their diverse etiology and presentation. An effective surgical management plan requires a comprehensive understanding of ureteral injuries and associated conditions and an examination of the patient's urological anatomy and function to tailor the best treatment for each case.
Evaluation of population-based screening programs on colorectal cancer screening uptake and predictors in Atlantic Canada: insights from a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Adefemi Kazeem , Knight John C. , Zhu Yun , Wang Peizhong Peter
Published: May 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant public health challenge in Canada, with the Atlantic provinces bearing a particularly high burden. The implementation of population-based colon screening programs is aimed to address this concern. However, limited research exists on the effect of these programs especially in Canada. This study aimed to examine the impact of the first few years of the CRC screening programs in the Atlantic provinces of Canada by assessing changes in screening uptake, barriers, and predictors of screening among eligible populations.

Methods

Employing a repeated cross-sectional design, this study analyzed data from a representative sample of 7614 respondents in 2010 and 6850 in 2017 from the Atlantic provinces aged 50–74 years, extracted from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The outcomes measured were CRC screening rates, changes in predictors of screening uptake, and barriers to participation. Potential predictors examined included age, sex, income, education, smoking, and health status.

Results

The proportion of adults aged 50–74 years who meet CRC screening requirements increased from 42% in 2010 to 54% in 2017 yet below the national target of 60%. New Brunswick reported the most significant increase in screening prevalence (18%, p < 0.05). Participation in fecal tests increased from 19.6 to 32.4%. Despite these improvements, disparities in screening participation remained, with lower uptake observed among individuals with lower income and education levels. Age (> 60 years, OR = 2.09, p < 0.01), the presence of multiple chronic health conditions (OR = 2.11, p < 0. 01), being female (OR = 1.21, p < 0.01), married status (OR = 1.21, p < 0.05), access to regular healthcare (OR = 1.91, p < 0.01), and nonsmoking status (OR = 2.55, p < 0.01) were identified as significant predictors of CRC screening uptake.

Conclusions

This study shows that while CRC screening uptake increased across the Atlantic provinces between 2010 and 2017, barriers to and disparities in screening participation persist. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve awareness, access, and screening uptake, particularly among disadvantaged groups, to promote equitable healthcare outcomes. Continued efforts should focus on reducing barriers to screening and leveraging available evidence to inform interventions aimed at mitigating the CRC burden in the region.
Testing Communicative Competencies of Russian Language Proficiency
Authors: Romanova T. , Kulikova V. , Klimova M.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the problem of methodology and methods for assessing the communicative competencies of adult native speakers of Russian. Communication skill is one of the major soft skills within university education. To assess the development of this skill, a valid and convenient tool is needed. The aim is to to create a set of tasks to assess the communication skills of adult native speakers of Russian, to test it on a focus group of students, as well as to study sociolinguistic factors affecting test results (age, major, etc.). This article describes the principle of creating a methodological complex, which includes: an algorithm for assessing communicative competencies, sets of test tasks to assess the level of spoken and written speech proficiency, a scale for assessing test results. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, and the modeling method were used. The algorithm for assessing communicative competencies includes: assessment component (linguistic, discursive and stylistic, rhetorical and pragmatic, ethical); assessment criteria; rating scale; rating levels; types of tasks (editing defective text according to the norms of the Russian language and its stylistics; programmed control, tests, writing, public speaking – monologue, debate, etc.). As the result, the developed methodological complex could be used for assessing the communicative competencies of university students. With this complex it is possible to monitor and assess the quality of educational programs in terms of the communication skills development among students. For educational purposes, it is planned to involve students in the implementation of the project, which will give them the opportunity to develop professional skills using the presented parameters for assessing communication competencies.
Integration of Multimedia Educational Technologies in Mid-Level Institutions: Practical Experience
Authors: Romanenko N. , Ryago O.
Published: May 2024

The article presents an analysis of the use of multimedia technologies in the educational environment of secondary vocational education. The use of multimedia technologies is considered as an opportunity to increase the efficiency of the educational process, improve the assimilation of educational material and develop the skills of technical students. They get the opportunity to create interactive lessons tailored to the individual needs and interests of students. The organization of collective work becomes more effective and convenient for all participants in the educational process. Using digital tools, teachers can create a variety of assignments, educational materials, check and evaluate student work online. This allows students to receive feedback on their achievements and progress in real time. The article draws attention to the importance of training in multimedia technologies for future professionals who are ready to use multimedia technologies, which expands the range of professional competencies and be more competitive in the labor market. The author pays special attention to the readiness of the pedagogical cluster of a technological college to use digital platforms and tools that can significantly change the level of teaching. In the digital educational environment, students can interact with each other and with the teacher through various communication channels and educational platforms, discuss modern trends and technologies, share ideas, ask questions and work together on current projects.
Technology of Using Cartoons in Teaching Buryat Language to Preschool Children
Authors: Dareeva Oksana
Published: May 2024

The Buryat language is in danger of extinction. Vitality of the language is determined by children's use of it. At present, there is an urgent need in the republic to develop and apply in the process of teaching the Buryat language such technologies that will be interesting and demanded by pre-school children.
The purpose of the study is to show the possibilities of using cartoons in the process of teaching Buryat language as a second language to preschool children.
In the course of the study we applied the following methods: generalization of experience in teaching Buryat language as a second language to preschool children, analysis of scientific literature on the methods of early foreign language teaching, speech development of preschool children, use of cartoons in language classes, observation of the process of language skills formation in preschool children, experimental and pedagogical work, conversation with Buryat language teachers of preschool educational organizations of the Republic of Buryatia.
The study revealed that cartoons created in the Buryat language have a great didactic potential. To use them for the purpose of teaching the Buryat language, a selection of cartoon series was made and a set of tasks for them was developed. This set of tasks realizes the methods of teaching second languages and the algorithm of work on video materials.
Scientific novelty of the study consists in methodical analysis of the teaching potential of cartoons in the Buryat language, the study of linguistic and speech content of cartoon texts and the possibility of using them in the formation of linguistic skills and the development of technology of using these cartoons in teaching the Buryat language to preschool children.
The practical significance of the study lies in the description of a set of tasks for working on cartoons, which makes it possible to use the results of the study in the development of new technologies of teaching Buryat language and other languages with the use of cartoons, in particular, in the development of a set of tasks and exercises for different types of language and speech skills, in the creation of educational cartoons.
Mother Language-Based Teaching of the Russian Lexicon to Croatian Students
Authors: Zalović Ana
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the main reasons underlying the difficulties and errors experienced by Croatian native speakers in mastering the lexical structure of another Slavic language, specifically Russian, in the initial stage of learning. The author's attention is focused on the student’s substitution of meanings of lexical units in Russian with words of the native language, due to interlingual or linguistic paronymy. In teaching Russian to Croatian native speakers, it is important to maintain the thematic and situational principle of teaching, the principle of sufficiency, and the principle of relying on the mother tongue. This paper provides examples of effective vocabulary mastering: the use of visual clarity, reliance on similar sounding words in the native language, internationalisms, archaisms, application of the tacit (implicit) knowledge mechanism, unconscious reliance on equivalent, similar sounding words from close South Slavic languages, particularly Serbian and Slovenian (as positive interference). Attention is focused on the development of logical thinking and independence, the correct use of the dictionary, and working with audio recordings and video materials. The article focuses on words with connotative meaning, linguocultural lexis, non-equivalent and partially equivalent lexis, and speech etiquette.
Terminology of the Digital World in the Light of Communication Studies
Authors: Minyar-Belorucheva A. , Sergienko P.
Published: May 2024

The development of digital technologies in the modern world, in particular artificial intelligence (AI), has brought about the creation of ChatGPT, a unique ChatGPT language model capable of communicating with humans. This article is devoted to the analysis of the functioning features of the ChatGPT language model, which is a product of artificial intelligence. Trained by a human, this model is able of communicating with users, creating the impression of full-fledged communication, vividly demonstrating that information exchange can occur not only between people, but also between a person and a machine. Communicative shifts of this kind have become possible as a result of the achievements of the digital revolution, which is shaping a new cyberspace of human existence. This indicates the radical changes that are taking place in society, and lead to a paradigm shift and the formation of new thinking and its embodiment in language. The purpose of this article is to analyze the terminology and its definitions, revealing the essence and functions of the ChatGPT language model. The tasks of this paper are defined by the purpose set for the investigation and boil down to a number of operations necessary to achieve it. The novelty of this work is due to the research material, which has become the subject of linguistic analysis for the first time. The methods used in the article, such as the semantic analysis of ChatGPT terminology, its synthesis, as well as classification, has made it possible to present the terminological system of this field in the process of creating new knowledge and contributing to effective communication. As a result of the analysis of the language units in question, the authors have managed to understand the operation associated with ChatGPT training, identifying the main functions of this language model, and tracing the ways of its further development.
Formation of the Iraq Image in the German Regional Media through Conceptual Metaphors
Authors: Rebrina Larisa , Al-Khafaji Laith Ahmed Mohammed Ali
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of the study of productive conceptual metaphors regularly used to create an image of Iraq in the German regional media. Metaphors are characterized with regard to their frequency, the amount of lexical means in metaphorical nominative fields, and the characteristics added to the formed country image. The sources of the material are the regional media Berliner Zeitung, Aachener-Zeitung, Saarbrücker Zeitung, Münchner Merkur, Berliner Morgenpost, Tagesspiegel. The sample includes publications from 2019 to the present. Contextual and definitional analysis and quantitative calculations are used. The following metaphors are identified as the most frequently used (in descending order of productivity): "Iraq is a living being", "Iraq is a non-whole whole", "Iraq is a place of uncontrolled power", "Iraq is a warrior". The listed metaphors are updated in the publications of the German regional media by the lexical units of the semantic fields "speech activity", "mental state", "physical state", "movement", "division", "mental manifestations", "weather manifestations", "war". The highest nominative density distinguishes the personifying metaphor "Iraq is a living being"; the lowest nominative density characterizes the metaphor "Iraq is a warrior". The metaphors "Iraq is a place of uncontrolled power" and "Iraq is a non-whole whole" reveal a similar degree of linguistic detail of the corresponding conceptual metaphorical spaces, an average degree of variability in the designations of the introduced semantic shades. The lexical units leiden, Teil, toben, kämpfen are attributed to the most frequent kernel means which implement the studied metaphors. The kernel of the Iraq image in the regional German media is constituted by such features of the country as suffering, divided, raging, struggling.
Figurative Units in the Communicative Practices of Mediatized Political Discourse
Authors: Tan Jie
Published: May 2024

The article is dedicated to the communicative features of mediatized political discourse, which remain insufficiently explored. Using the example of the use of figurative means of language in the genres of media-political communications, it is demonstrated that the mediatized form of communication possesses not only the basic functions of professional discourse but also additional functions: amplifying or softening content, saving linguistic means, emotional and attractive functions. Each of these functions plays a significant role in shaping audience perception and influencing public opinion on political issues. With the help of contextual and semantic analysis, as well as the corpus method, the following results were obtained: in the studied context, figurative units are important linguistic means used for the effective conveyance of specific political views and emotions. These units include figurative metaphors and comparisons, phraseology, proverb, precedent phenomena and colloquial expressions. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of communicative features and functions of figurative units in various genres of mediatized political discourse: political talk shows, political interviews, and internet texts of politicians. The research results can be applied in the practice of media communication, communicative linguistics, and discourse theory.
Socially Responsible Business Communication: Genesis and Evolution
Authors: Semenova L.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. In the modern world, socially responsible communication and the social policy of business in relation to the state and society play a key role on which the growth of the company’s intangible assets and its financial well-being depends. The purpose of the article is to analyze the prerequisites for the emergence of socially responsible business communication in Russia and abroad, consider the stages of their development and draw up a periodization. Methodology and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach that promotes ordering and systematization of many historical events and facts of social business initiatives into an integral unity. Research methods: analysis of literary sources, retrospective analysis, comparative analysis of Russian and Western practices of socially responsible communication and social business initiatives, synthesis, generalization. Results. Using a systematic approach, an analysis of Russian and global methodology for socially responsible behavior of companies and a historiographical review of communication activities in the context of social responsibility of business were made, and a periodization of the process of development of socially responsible communication of business in Russia and abroad was compiled. Scientific novelty lies in the systematization and periodization of the prerequisites and facts of the origin and development of socially responsible communication in Russia and abroad. Practical significance. The results of the study may be useful for improving socially responsible business communication.
Communicative Strategies of an Opinion Leader: "Someone Else's Word" as a Means of Expressing an Assessment in a PR Biography
Authors: Bondarenko Yu. , Kovtunenko I.
Published: May 2024

The article provides a multidimensional characterization of the genre of PR biography, which is frequent in PR discourse. The authors analyze "someone else's word" as a means of expressing an assessment in a PR biography, using such research methods as lexico-conceptual-semantic, interpretive analysis, contextual analysis, content analysis. Evaluativeness in PR discourse acts as a significant category that carries the general tone of the statement. Opinion leaders of various social status use a typical communication strategy typical of modern PR discourse, and at the same time carrying a new tactic, broadcast by one or another author / addressee. The results of the scientific research are shown on the basis of identifying the mechanisms by which direct positive assessments are included in the PR biography.
Creating Cultural Translation Product for International Communication
Authors: Makarevich Tatiana
Published: May 2024

International communication is conditioned by modern features of social and cultural context of different regional cultures in the world. The focus of the study is to apply a culture-oriented approach to translation in order for international translators to create their own cultural and translation product for effective English-language communication. The relevance of the paper is due to the need to create on a cultural basis an advanced method of designing a cultural and translation product for the adequate transfer of linguocultural units meaning, consideration of translation text hermeneutics for international communication. The research aims at describing the technology of cultural translation to create a cultural and translation product. The paper presents a three-stage system of work on its creation, features of culture-oriented translation in international communication. The research materials are the results of the Interpreters’ Club translation and research activities at the Faculty of International Relations of the Belarusian State University. Research methods are culture-oriented and organizational-activity approaches to analyze translation activities.
The author presents the main results of the research in the form of the developed three stages method. She draws conclusions on the meaningful conduct of intellectual translation activities and outlines the need for special training for translators and interpreters to create their own cultural and translation product for efficient professional international communication
Sense of life satisfaction and aggressive behaviour of students of medical and non-medical universities
Authors: Brzezińska Arleta
Published: May 2024

The article presents the sense of life satisfaction and aggressive behaviors among students of medical and non-medical universities. The first part introduces the concepts of the sense of life satisfaction, sense of self-efficacy and aggressive behaviors and their components in the framework of Buss and Perry. The sense of life satisfaction was explored using The Satisfaction With Life Scale – SWLS, sense of self-efficacy by Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale – GSES and aggressive behaviors by Buss and Perry The Aggression Questionnaire – BPAQ. The group taking part in the study consisted of 213 people - 148 students of medical universities and 65 students of non-medical universities. Research results indicate that there is a relationship between life satisfaction and self-efficacy and the tendency towards aggressive behaviors. Respondents who experience greater life satisfaction and demonstrate higher levels of self-efficacy tend to exhibit lower tendencies towards aggressive behaviors. It was noticed that students of medical disciplines demonstrate a greater tendency towards aggressive behaviors in terms of expressing anger compared to students of non-medical disciplines.
Molecular detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase isolated from bat feces from the Tanjung Ringgit bat cave, Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: Kinasih Kurnia Nisa , Mustika Yolla Rona , Puspitasari Yulianna , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Agustin Alfiana Laili Dwi , Kurniawan Shendy Canadya , Hasib Abdullah , Waruwu Yusac Kristanto Khoda , Silaen Otto Sahat Martua
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: Bats are a reservoir for the pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and can spread it through feces that fall in nests/caves, carried, and dropped while they fly near human settlements, and from their saliva. The emergence and spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) strains of K. pneumoniae indicate that resistant to antibiotics, especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), is considered an important global health threat. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the gene encoding extended beta-lactamase in K. pneumoniae isolated from fresh bat feces collected from the Tanjung Ringgit bat cave, East Lombok.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 150 fresh fecal samples were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques for the presence of K. pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae-positive isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing, followed by molecular detection using polymerase chain reaction.

Results: This study showed that 14 (9.3%) of 150 samples were positive for K. pneumoniae. Ten of the 14 samples (71.4%) were MDR isolates and 6 (42.9%) had the blaSHV gene identified.

Conclusion: The presence of K. pneumoniae isolated from fresh bat feces, which is MDR and has the blaSHV gene encoding ESBL indicates that bats can be a reservoir for the transmission of MDR and ESBL bacteria has an impact on public health in the study area.

Keywords: bat, blaSHV, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae, public health.
Pelaksanaan Penuntutan Oditur Militer Terhadap Oknum Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (TNI AD) dalam Tindak Pidana Umum
Authors: Fajri Al
Published: May 2024

This research is aimed at finding out more about the implementation of prosecutions by Military Prosecutors starting from the case files resulting from the investigation being received by the Military Prosecutor until the transfer of case files to the Military Court. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of prosecutions carried out by Military Prosecutors against TNI AD personnel who commit criminal acts and to find out what the obstacles are and how to overcome obstacles in carrying out prosecutions against TNI AD individuals who commit criminal acts. This type of research is a field research located at the I-04 Military Prosecutor's office, Padang, West Sumatra. The data used are primary data and secondary data obtained from interviews, statutory regulations and literature studies. The informant in this research was the Head of the I-04 Padang Military Authority. The results of this research are that the implementation of the prosecution begins when the case file is received by the Oditur, the Oditur examines the case file, makes a Sph Father, makes an indictment, and transfers the case file to the Military Court.
Optimum flow rate enhances the performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in hydroponic culture
Authors: Abbas Sibtain , Ahmed Siraj , Irshad Muhammad Qavi , Faheem Muhammad , Rabbani Muhammad Umar , Hussain Sadam , Asif Muhammad , Sekar Ajay Kumar , Munir Muhammad Kashif , Zafar Nawal , Younas Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Poor substate flow rate affects the production of crops under hydroponic systems as contact and collision times of ions (nutrients) with roots is affected deciding nutrients uptake rate and quantity required for crop growth. Keeping in view, a study was conducted under hydroponic culture to obtain optimal flow rate for higher production of lettuce, which is an important leafy vegetable. Two lettuce varieties (Boston and Lollo Bionda) were subjected to 4 different flow rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 L min-1) under completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement and replicated four times. The outcomes of the study suggest that performance of Lollo Bionda variety was better than Boston regarding root and shoot fresh and dry biomass, leaf number, area, length and width and head diameter and plant height. The same parameters kept on increasing with increase of flow rate and achieved maximum values at 1.5 L min-1. Beyond that flow rate the values for these parameters declined which indicated that the optimal flow rate for these 2 lettuce verities is 1.5 L min-1. Hence, it was concluded that for higher production of lettuce, the flow rate should be kept at 1.5 L min-1 in Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) using hydroponic system with environmental and substrate conditions mentioned in materials and method portion of this article.
Identification of the existing Integrated Farming Systems in Udaipur District of Rajasthan
Authors: Yadav Akansha , Upadhyay Rajshree , Solanki Dhriti
Published: May 2024

The integrated farming system (IFS) is an integrative whole-farm-oriented technique mainly used to resolve the problems of small and marginal farmers to enhance income and employment, living standards, etc. Due to numerous crises and challenges such as unawareness, poverty, droughts, dry climate, the small and marginal distribution of land, etc., the identification of an appropriate integrated farming system model is highly required. So, this research aims to deliver a solution for the identification and finalization of the IFS model which is a critical task in front of farm families, Agri-scientists, policy-makers, and business organizations. This study is conducted through a field survey in the district of Udaipur, Rajasthan. This work experimented with randomly selecting 4 panchayat samitis out of 20 panchayat samitis, 4 villages selected from each panchayat samiti ee to identify existing integrated farming systems among farm families. This study observed the prominent integrated farming system model among the considered models. This work identifies the IFS models which are the most prominent farming system (M1: crop+ dairy) and are adopted by most farm families. This research work also identified integrated farming models M1 and M2 as the most preferred, profitable, and very suitable for business decision-making. Similarly, M3 and M4 are also good but less preferred than M1 and M2.