bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsteady flow over a rotating and vertically moving disk with variable fluid properties
Authors: Akbar Saddam Sultan , Mustafa M.
Published: September 2022

A numerical solution is worked out for unsteady flow around a revolving disk exhibiting upward/downward motion. A temperature-dependent viscosity model is introduced that yields a system in which momentum and energy equations are coupled in terms of a parameter [Formula: see text]. The disk revolves with the time-dependent angular velocity [Formula: see text] and vertically moves with the axial velocity [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the location of disk at any time t. The considered expressions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] suggest that upward/downward motion of the rotating disk leads to the case of accelerated/decelerated disk. Solutions are worked out by a widely employed routine bvp4c of MATLAB. The vertical motion of the disk leads to a two-dimensional flow problem when the disk is nonrotating. However, simultaneous vertical movement and rotation of the disk impart a three-dimensional motion. A marked variation in solution profiles is detected whenever temperature dependency in fluid viscosity is retained. In addition, the deceleration phenomenon of the disk declines heat transfer rate from the surface.
Remotely piloted aircraft system flight-plan processing from a risk-based methodology
Authors: Pérez-Castán Javier A , Gómez Comendador V Fernando , Arnaldo Valdés Rosa M , Rodríguez-Sanz Álvaro , Altemir Rey Cristina
Published: September 2022

The integration of Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) in non-segregated airspace is one of the most demanding challenges that the aviation community must face in the years ahead. This article develops the flight-plan processing from a risk-based methodology. The risk-based methodology is underpinned by an in-depth safety analysis throughout the three temporary horizons of the Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management system: strategical, pre-tactical and tactical. The flight-plan processing demands different measures depending on the temporary horizon. The measures mean geographical restrictions (airways or air corridors segregated for RPAS) and temporary restrictions (periods in which RPAS cannot operate). Both restrictions ensure that RPAS operation is safe and do not generate interactions with conventional aircraft. The last goal of this approach is to provide the required information to the RPAS operator based on the information available from the Network Manager (NM). The communication and information flow between the RPAS operator and the NM are detailed to validate flight-plan processing. If the initial flight plan is not affordable, the NM provides modifications during the flight-plan re-processing. The methodology is applied in the Spanish upper airspace. The results confirmed the validity and leeway of the flight-plan processing, although its implementation demands further improvements based on air traffic flow and path uncertainty.
A qualitative exploration of the perceptions of professional registration by Australian paramedics during the transition into professional regulation
Authors: Reed Buck , Cowin Leanne , O’Meara Peter , Wilson Ian
Published: September 2022

In 2018, Australian paramedics entered the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme for Health Practitioners. The scheme represented a significant change in the way paramedics were regulated and able to self-identify. Equally, it brought substantial changes to the individual accountability and responsibilities of practitioners. Response to these reforms was largely positive; however, diverse views existed on the intent and impacts of the scheme. Paramedics were surveyed immediately before registration commencement to examine their views concerning the new regulatory framework. Supportive views included acknowledgement of regulation’s public safety function and potential advancement of the profession. Dissenting views predicted increased practitioner risk and degradation of working conditions. Importantly, this study explores how members of the same profession can have diverse views of the same regulatory scheme. This study supports the notion that paramedicine consists of diverse subcultures with differing worldviews. This presents challenges in ensuring cohesive professional engagement with regulation and the evolution of the profession.
A randomized controlled study of two different fixations in anterior cervical discectomy of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Li Wei , Zhan Bishui , Jiang Xuesheng , Zhou Guoshun , Li Junjie , Wang Yongli
Published: September 2022

Background: To compare the efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy and hybrid fusion (ACDHF) with short-segment plate plus self-locking, stand-alone intervertebral cages versus traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with long-segment plate for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM). Methods: All the patients were randomly divided into two groups. 30 cases underwent ACDHF with short-segment plate and self-locking stand-alone cages (hybrid group), while the other 30 cases received ACDF with long-segment plate (control group). In patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, length of stay (LOS), visual analogue scale for neck pain (VASNP) scores, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the cervical lordosis before and after the operation (5 days, 3, 6, 12 months after operation and final follow-up) were evaluated. The postoperative complications were analyzed as well. Results: All operations were performed uneventfully with followed-up. Compared with ACDF, ACDHF showed a shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage ( p < 0.05). There were no significant difference in LOS between two groups ( p ˃ 0.05). Both approaches significantly improved the JOA scores, VASNP scores and the cervical lordosis ( p < 0.05). Based on Bazaz grading system, hybrid group had a lower incidence of dysphagia than control group in follow-up periods of 5 days, 3 and 6 months ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: ACDF and ACDHF are both effective methods of restoring cervical lordosis following MCSM, but hybrid surgery minimizes intraoperative injury and postoperative dysphagia, making it a viable treatment option for the disorder.
Cost Effectiveness of School and Home Interventions for Students With Disruptive Behavior Problems
Authors: Kuklinski Margaret R. , Small Jason W. , Frey Andy J. , Bills Kiersten , Forness Steven R.
Published: September 2022

This study examines the cost effectiveness of two interventions for disruptive behavior problems: First Step Next (FSN), a school-based intervention, and a multicomponent intervention that combined FSN with a home-based intervention, homeBase (hB). Analyses were based on findings from a large-scale comparative efficacy trial in the United States (Frey et al., 2022). Intervention costs were estimated using an activities-based ingredients method (Levin & McEwan, 2001). For each disruptive behavior examined (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], conduct disorder [CD], and comorbid ADHD and CD), we defined intervention response as movement from the clinical range into the borderline or normative range or from the borderline range into the normative range at post-intervention. Comparative cost-effectiveness analyses involved calculating incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), which showed that the combined intervention was always more cost effective. Improvement in comorbid ADHD and CD was the costliest to achieve, followed by CD, and then ADHD. Sensitivity analyses showed that FSN + hB had a high probability of being cost effective across a range of estimates, indicating stakeholder willingness to pay to reduce disruptive behavior problems. This study expands the literature by estimating the costs of implementing a school-based intervention alone or alongside a home-based intervention with elementary students and comparing their cost effectiveness.
Not Yours to Sell: The Case Against Private Citizenship Markets
Authors: Erez Lior
Published: September 2022

Should it be permissible for individuals to sell their own citizenship? In brief: no. Against recent defenses of the idea of private citizenship markets, I argue that these markets cannot be legitimately established. First, I examine existing arguments in the literature in support of such markets, and argue that they do not present sufficient reasons for justifying the establishment of private citizenship markets. Second, I argue that the very idea of private citizenship markets is a non-starter, as the privatization of citizenship allocation undermines the justification for the collective right to exclude from membership. As a result, the case for private citizenship markets fails. Finally, I consider some possible objections to my argument and potential implications of it beyond the case of private citizenship markets.
Place-Based Resentment in Contemporary U.S. Elections: The Individual Sources of America’s Urban-Rural Divide
Authors: Jacobs Nicholas , Munis B. Kal
Published: September 2022

Drawing on a unique battery of questions fielded on the 2018 CCES and in two separate surveys—one in 2019 and the other during the 2020 election—we study the extent to which Americans feel animus toward communities that are geographically distinct from their own and whether these feelings explain Americans’ attitudes toward the two major political parties and self-reported vote choice. We report results on how place-based resentment predicted vote choice in the 2018 midterm and 2020 general elections and how those feelings relate to other widely studied facets of political behavior such as partisanship and racial resentment. Rural resentment is a powerful predictor of vote choice in both election years examined.
Perspectives (of People of Color) on Psychological Science: Does Psychological Science Listen?
Authors: Desai Miraj U , Laubscher Leswin , Johnson Spencer
Published: September 2022

It remains to be seen whether the American Psychological Association’s new apology and resolutions on racism will help redress longstanding inequities in the field. To be sure, critiques of psychological science vis-à-vis racism have been around for decades, despite being ignored by psychological science, even when spoken by Dr. King—in his profound meditation on science, psychology, and racism in a speech delivered to the APA—or by psychiatrist Frantz Fanon—who has had a foundational influence on the broader history of anti-racism scholarship but remains relatively disregarded in his own psy-fields. This article addresses the viewpoints of these and other people of color on psychological science, which have yet to be adequately incorporated into the perspectives of psychological science. We also address traditions of communities of color that have become absorbed or consumed by psychological science but often after their cultural and historical origins are erased, like Buddhism. We locate these racial and scientific dynamics, and associated patterns of neglect and erasure, within a longstanding aversion in and by psychological science—here understood as a collective actor unto itself—to perspectives of people of color. Consequently, the promise not only of diversity, but of desegregation, has yet to be fulfilled within psychology. We conclude by discussing the psychosocial power of social movements—including South Africa’s apartheid-related Truth and Reconciliation process as personally experienced by our second author—to suggest elements of pathways forward.
Disentangling norms, morality, and principles: the September 2019 Brexit rebellion
Authors: Stimmer Anette , Gliserman Jess
Published: September 2022

Despite morality’s important role in international relations, we still lack a compelling way to study it. Some scholars define norms as moral in nature but fail to define morality or conceptualize it too narrowly. We address this problem by defining morality subjectively, allowing us to differentiate it from norms and study its impact on decisions of international significance. To do so, we adapt the moral convictions concept developed by psychologists to qualitative, elite-focused political research. Actors with moral convictions rely upon their individually held beliefs about fundamental right and wrong, whereas norm-followers look outward to community expectations. Morality requires sincere belief and weakens social influences.

The September 2019 Brexit rebellion is an ideal case because it endangered rebels’ careers, rendering material self-interest an unlikely motive. This allows us to investigate the role of norms and moral principles. Based on interviews with British Members of Parliament (MPs) and text analysis, we find that community norms and personal moral principles interact: when existing norms give unclear guidance and identification with their in-group weakens, actors are likely to rely on their own principles to interpret norms. Morality can affect which norms matter but does not negate their influence altogether: pre-existing norms channel and constrain morality and its consequences. Many MPs moralized existing norms related to democratic decision-making, which mitigated some consequences of moralization, such as intolerance toward those with opposing views. This new conceptual and methodological approach thus helps to disentangle ideational factors and understand their influence on decisions of international significance.
Right-wing populism and territorial party competition: The case of the Alternative for Germany
Authors: León Sandra , Scantamburlo Matthias
Published: September 2022

The study of electoral competition of populist radical right (PRR) parties has mostly focused on the national and supranational levels, leaving the subnational arena unexplored. This article contributes to filling this gap by theorizing on PRR parties’ strategic behaviour in regional elections and testing the hypotheses using the Alternative for Germany (AfD) as a case study. Combining new Regional Manifestos Project data with a qualitative exploration, the article shows that the AfD has adapted to a regional frame of competition in different ways. While its radical conservatism on cultural issues is cross-regionally homogenous, the positions in other dimensions do significantly vary across Länder, revealing a mix of economically rightist and leftist positions as well as a mix of national and regional identity appeals. The latter are combined with differentiated and conflictive competential demands. These findings pave the way for a more ambitious research agenda on PRR substate competition, which so far has been limited by the lack of comparable data.
Does healthcare sector development affect inbound tourism? Evidence from ASEAN countries
Authors: Türedi Salih , Şit Mustafa , Karadağ Haydar , Lee Chew Ging
Published: September 2022

Using the concepts of medical tourism and travel medicine, this research note proposes healthcare sector development has a positive impact on inbound tourism. This hypothesis is tested with the data of ASEAN countries from 2000 to 2018. Because of the presence of cross-section dependence and heterogeneity, appropriate panel cointegration test, panel coefficient estimation method and panel Granger causality test are used. The findings indicate that (1) evidence of cointegration between inbound tourism and healthcare sector development is found when inbound tourism is the dependent variable and (2) there is a Granger causality from healthcare sector development to inbound tourism. The findings suggest that there are temporal relationships from healthcare sector development to inbound tourism in both short-run and long-run. In summary, healthcare sector development has an impact on inbound tourism.
Pictures from the Atomic Force Microscope: Temporal Representation in the Moving Image
Authors: Rassell Andrea
Published: September 2022

Historically, artists and scientists predominantly created moving images of scientific phenomena using optical instrumentation such as cameras and light microscopes that enable direct observation of their subject. However, the perception and representation of nanoscale phenomena, which are too small to be detected by optical systems, rely upon complex technological mediation via layers of  instrumentation, hardware and software. This mediation has profound implications for the perception of phenomena that exist outside the range of the human sensory system. This article describes the scientific representations of temporality in the work of Eadweard Muybridge and Étienne-Jules Marey and the complications of visualising the nanoscale. I analyse imperceptible phenomena in the contemporary moving image and draw upon my creative practice with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), using this instrument as a framework for discussing the temporal and sensorial challenges of working with nanoscale phenomena. This creative practice-based research resulted in the creation of several experimental moving image works collected under the title Wildly Oscillating Molecules. Through the adoption of scientific instrumentation and data for creative  production, the collection of moving image practices discussed uncover temporal and sensorial assumptions and suggest alternative experiential encounters with scientific phenomena.
Stories of homoeroticism amongst male ex-combatants of illegal armed groups: Unexplored areas of the armed conflict in Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Aguirre Sebastian , Montes Gabriel Gallego
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to present the male homoerotic experiences of ex-combatants from the FARC-EP and ELN guerrillas, as well as paramilitary groups, during their period in these armed groups. For this article, we have used multiple methodological strategies. For the first two stories, we made semi-structured qualitative interviews with ex-combatants. Then, we wrote the narratives collaboratively. For the third story, the anecdote was constructed based on the testimonies of the residents of a municipality of Caldas affected by the armed conflict. The participation of combatants in homoerotic practices and their involvement in romantic relationships with men showed that interpretations and meanings of homosexuality (and heterosexuality) in war contexts can be questioned, since their involvement is related to victimization. In addition, the narratives demonstrated that the meaning of these concepts was fragmented in various directions such as desire, feelings, anxieties, and complicity with the armed logic.
A gateway to acquaintance community: Elderly migrants’ collective domestication of interest-oriented group chats in China
Authors: He Yuting , Liu Xiyuan , Xiong Hui , Gong He
Published: September 2022

WeChat interest-based group chats (IGCs) are becoming popular among China’s elderly migrants. Previous domestication research paid little attention to mobile services that highlighted shared goals and teamwork beyond familial boundaries. To reconsider the approach of domestication in the emerging mediascape, this study employs the concept of “collective domestication” to analyze how elderly migrants in the W community of Xiamen, China, use and make sense of WeChat IGCs. Nonparticipatory observation of four IGCs and in-depth interviews with 21 elderly migrants indicate that IGCs are effective supplements to offline activities; they serve the role of a gateway to an acquaintance community in elderly migrants’ lives. Implications for Chinese elderly migrants’ digital inclusion and the domestication approach are discussed.
The computational turn in online mental health research: A systematic review
Authors: Schindler Max , Domahidi Emese
Published: September 2022

Digital trace data and computational methods are increasingly being used by researchers to study mental health phenomena (i.e. psychopathology and well-being) in social media. Computer-assisted mental health research is not simply a continuation of previous studies, but rather raises ethical, conceptual and methodological issues that are critical to behavioural science but have not yet been systematically explored. Based on a systematic review of n = 147 studies, we reveal a multidisciplinary field of research that has grown immensely since 2010, spanning the humanities, social sciences, and engineering. We find that a substantial majority of studies in our sample lack a standardized form of ethical consideration, focus on specific constructs and have a rather narrow focus on specific social media platforms. Based on our findings, we discuss how computational elements have influenced mental health research, highlight academic gaps and suggest promising directions for future studies.
Residual stress analysis, microstructural characterization, and mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas-welded P92/AISI 304L dissimilar steel joints
Authors: Dak Gaurav , Pandey Shailesh M , Pandey Chandan
Published: September 2022

In the present work, the creep strength-enhanced ferritic martensitic P92 steel was welded with 304L austenitic stainless steel. The dissimilar joining of these two different grades of material was performed by using tungsten inert gas welding process. The nickel-based ERNiCr-3 welding consumable was used. The influence of post-weld heat treatment (760 °C, 2h), called as tempering, was also investigated. The secondary electron and optical image confirmed that ERNiCr-3 weld metal is accompanied by an equiaxed austenitic microstructure with Ni weight percentage of 68.29%. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron probe microanalyzer results of the weld fusion zone revealed the Nb, Cr, and Ti segregation in the inter-dendritic region. The elemental mapping of the carbon-depleted zone, and the interface was performed using an electron probe microanalyzer, which revealed the diffusion of Ni, Cr, and Fe across the interface of P92 steel and ERNiCr-3 filler weld. The tensile test result indicated that part of the dissimilar weld joints (DWJs) with relatively weak ultimate tensile strength was ERNiCr-3 weld metal. The ultimate tensile strength value of the DWJs was observed as 610 MPa and 580 MPa in the as-weld and post-weld heat treatment situations, respectively. The Charpy V-notch impact energy of the ERNiCr-3 weld fusion zone was achieved as 135  ±  2 J and 140  ±  2 J in as-weld and post-weld heat treatment situations, respectively. The low impact toughness of the ERNiCr-3 weld metal was attributed to the presence of niobium carbide (NbC) and titanium carbide (TiC) particles. The peak longitudinal residual stress of 490 MPa and transverse residual stress of 442 MPa were noted in the ERNiCr-3 weld fusion zone at a depth of 3 mm from the top surface. The tempering heat treatment exhibited a significant drop in the residual stresses value for the weld fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ).
Does entrepreneurial intention for innovation at firm-level matter to affect performance?
Authors: Taghizadeh Seyedeh Khadijeh , Al Riyami Said , Rahman Syed Abidur , Khan Golam Mostafa , Al Abri Salem
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to 1) examine the influence of firm-level entrepreneurial attitude toward innovation, subjective norms for innovation, and perceived control over innovation on firms’ intention for innovation; 2) study the influence of firms’ intention for innovation on new product development performance; 3) test the effect of new product development performance on firms’ financial performance. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed theoretical model has been analyzed through structural equation modelling using SmartPLS software and structured questionnaires has been distributed among 244 entrepreneurs in Oman. Findings: By empirically testing the antecedents of the firm-level entrepreneurs’ intention with a focus on existing firms (not their intention for new venture creation), it was found that attitudes toward innovation and perceived behavioral control do predict firm-level entrepreneurs’ intention for innovation. The firm-level entrepreneurs’ intention for innovation was also found to positively affect new product development performance. And new product performance was found to enhance financial performance of firms. Practical implications: The findings of this study interject a better understanding of the new product development performance and financial performance which can be achieved by the firm-level entrepreneurial intention for innovation. Entrepreneurs can effectively convey the relative benefit of SME's innovation by emphasizing how the innovation in the firm can help to increase revenue, profitability, boost sales growth, and strengthen the financial health of the SMEs by developing new products for the market. Originality/value: This research contributes to the understanding the relationship between the entrepreneurs’ behavioural characteristics and the firm level entrepreneurial’ intention and how it affects new product development performance and financial performance.
Influence of spray and combustion processes on piston temperatures and engine heat transfer in a high-output diesel engine
Authors: Tess Michael J , Korivi Vamshi , Gingrich Eric , Schihl Peter
Published: September 2022

Simultaneous measurements of global engine heat transfer and subsurface piston temperatures were utilized to evaluate the potential of an extended duration combustion event to minimize heat rejection in a diesel engine. The combustion duration was parametrically varied by changing the injector orifice diameter (0.167, 0.196, and 0.230 mm) and fuel injection pressure (110–200 MPa) while exploring three high-output operating conditions. This investigation was limited to a single-pulse injection strategy while holding engine load constant to represent operating points at rated power and peak torque. For a constant combustion phasing, the results suggest the duration of the spray and combustion processes did not greatly influence gross indicated thermal efficiency (ITEg) or global heat transfer from the engine, except for extremely long combustion durations of approximately 50 crank-angle degrees or longer. At the longest combustion durations, there was a negative impact on ITEg and global heat transfer. Analysis of the steady-state piston temperature measurements at constant CA50 revealed two interesting, and opposite, trends: as the combustion duration was increased through a smaller orifice diameter injector, the piston temperatures increased by up to 60°C locally on the bowl rim; in contrast, as the combustion duration was increased through lower injection pressures, the piston temperatures decreased by up to 80°C locally on the bowl rim. CFD simulations coupled with a conjugate heat transfer model of the piston predicted the piston heat flux at the highest load operating condition. The CFD results qualitatively agreed with the piston temperature measurements in supporting the conclusion that orifice diameter had a stronger effect on piston heat flux than injection pressure. Overall, this research provides directional trends to engine designers and calibrators for optimizing the injection parameters for decreased engine heat transfer and managing piston temperatures.
Talking about family with children in care proceedings: Constructions of “family” in an analysis of spokespersons’ accounts
Authors: Føleide Marie Hatlelid
Published: September 2022

In arrangements for children’s participation in child welfare systems, professionals’ interpretations of children’s views on family and their own constructions of family will impact children’s conditions for expressing feelings and moral agency. This article analyses the accounts of children’s spokespersons in Norway, whose mandate is to speak with and forward children’s views in care proceedings. The analyses show how constructions of loyalty, family interdependence, and individualism may inform spokespersons’ interpretations of children’s views, and thereby their exploratory practices in their conversations with the children. Children’s representatives need to be reflexive toward their own understanding(s) of family and family interdependence in order to discover the complex web of experiences, ambiguity, feelings, and expectations children have around family and familial relations in their lives. The findings point to the importance of reflexive exercises toward constructions of children and family in the field of social work.
Strengthening internal controls of listed companies in the United Kingdom: Lessons and experiences from the United States
Authors: Ho John Kong Shan
Published: September 2022

In April 2018, Sir John Kingman was asked by the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) of the United Kingdom (UK) to undertake an independent review of the Financial Reporting Council. The Kingman review which was published in December 2018 made recommendations for a major overhaul of the UK corporate financial reporting and audit regulations. A key recommendation made in the Kingman review is that the UK should consider introducing tougher regulation in respect of listed companies’ internal controls, similar to that applying in the United States (US) under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). This article is written against such background and examines what lessons and experiences can regulators and companies in the UK learn from the other side of the Atlantic in strengthening internal controls. It seeks to recommend what measures UK regulators and companies can adopt to prepare themselves for the likely introduction of a SOX-style regime of internal controls.
Firms, activist attacks, and the forward-looking management of reputational risks
Authors: Amer Estefania , Bonardi Jean-Philippe
Published: September 2022

A growing literature investigates how activists launch attacks against firms to improve environmental practices, a situation typically referred to as “private politics.” Whether firms self-regulate in response has been shown to depend on reputational risks. However, reputation management in this literature is mostly reactive, whereas firms could be expected to anticipate and prevent reputation loss when faced with the threat of activism. How they would do so is not obvious, nonetheless, because firms have to consider two opposite effects: (1) a “reputational damage mitigation” effect, through which firms can pre-emptively align to what is expected from them, and (2) a “target enhancing” effect, in which self-regulation makes firms more visible and likely to be criticized. We show, theoretically and empirically, that these two effects actually co-exist and create heterogeneity in firms’ responses when they witness activist attacks in their industry. The real impact of activism on the development of more sustainable practices is thus not only greater than if we solely considered the responses of firms that suffer direct attacks, as many firms start self-regulating before being targeted, but also varies within industries.
Prevalence of suspected poor bone health in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a cross-sectional exploratory study
Authors: Cecins Erin , Cavalheri Vinicius , Taaffe Dennis R , Hill Anne-Marie , Hug Sarah , Hill Kylie
Published: September 2022

Background

Compared to the general population, adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased prevalence of osteoporosis. Despite the known risk factors and potential complications of compromised bone health in COPD, little is known about whether poor bone health is routinely suspected. We measured, in people with COPD, the prevalence of those who had one or more indicators suggestive of suspected poor bone health, and compared the characteristics of those with versus without these indicators.

Methods

Data were collected from adults with COPD presenting to three tertiary hospitals. Indicators of suspected poor bone health were defined as any of the following criteria: (i) self-reported problems with bone health, (ii) previous imaging for bone health, (iii) history of fragility fracture or, (iv) advised to use medication/supplements to optimise bone health. Characteristics compared between those with versus without indicators of suspected poor bone health comprised age, sex, body mass index (BMI), FEV1% predicted and recruitment setting.

Results

361 participants were included (age 70 ± 10, BMI 27.9 ± 7.8 kg/m2, FEV1% predicted 49 ± 20; 161 [45%] female). Indicators suggestive of suspected poor bone health were present in 53% (95% confidence interval [CI] 47–58) of the participants. The odds of this outcome increased with advancing age (odds ratio; OR [95% CI] 1.05 [1.03 to 1.08]) and being female (OR [95% CI] 3.4 [2.2 to 5.7]) .

Conclusion

In people with COPD, the odds of having indicators suggestive of suspected poor bone health increase with advancing age and in females. Further work is required to promote the importance of bone health in this population.
The Exeter Activity Unlimited statement on physical activity and exercise for cystic fibrosis: methodology and results of an international, multidisciplinary, evidence-driven expert consensus
Authors: Williams Craig A , Barker Alan R , Denford Sarah , van Beurden Samantha B , Bianchim Mayara S , Caterini Jessica E , Cox Narelle S , Mackintosh Kelly A , McNarry Melitta A , Rand Sarah , Schneiderman Jane E , Wells Greg D , Anderson Peter , Beever Daniel , Beverley Z , Buckley Ronan , Button Brenda , Causer Adam J , Curran Máire , Dwyer Tiffany J , Gordon Warren , Gruet Mathieu , Harris Ryan A , Hatziagorou Elpis , (Erik) Hulzebos HJ , Kampouras Asterios , Morrison Lisa , Cámara Marietta N , Reilly Clare M , Sawyer Abbey , Saynor Zoe L , Shelley James , Spencer Grace , Stanford Gemma E , Urquhart Don S , Young Rachel , Tomlinson Owen W ,   on behalf of the Youth Activity Unlimited – A Strategic Research Centre of the UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust
Published: September 2022

Background

The roles of physical activity (PA) and exercise within the management of cystic fibrosis (CF) are recognised by their inclusion in numerous standards of care and treatment guidelines. However, information is brief, and both PA and exercise as multi-faceted behaviours require extensive stakeholder input when developing and promoting such guidelines.

Method

On 30th June and 1st July 2021, 39 stakeholders from 11 countries, including researchers, healthcare professionals and patients participated in a virtual conference to agree an evidence-based and informed expert consensus about PA and exercise for people with CF. This consensus presents the agreement across six themes: (i) patient and system centred outcomes, (ii) health benefits, iii) measurement, (iv) prescription, (v) clinical considerations, and (vi) future directions. The consensus was achieved by a stepwise process, involving: (i) written evidence-based synopses; (ii) peer critique of synopses; (iii) oral presentation to consensus group and peer challenge of revised synopses; and (iv) anonymous voting on final proposed synopses for adoption to the consensus statement.

Results

The final consensus document includes 24 statements which surpassed the consensus threshold (>80% agreement) out of 30 proposed statements.

Conclusion

This consensus can be used to support health promotion by relevant stakeholders for people with CF.
An Intersectional Analysis of U.S. Journalists’ Experiences With Hostile Sources
Authors: Mesmer Kelsey
Published: September 2022

Given rising hostility toward journalists in the United States, this monograph illuminates how journalists experience hostility from news sources. Drawing on 38 in-depth interviews with U.S. journalists, this project uses the theory of intersectionality to understand how journalists experienced hostility and how they changed their journalistic routines in response. Participants described four forms of hostility from news sources: general distrust of the news media, boundary crossing, safety-violating hostility, and microaggressions. Boundary crossing was primarily used toward younger women, and microaggressions were used toward White women and men and women of color. Although safety-violating hostility occurred least often, it was the most intense form of hostility and was disproportionately experienced by women, whose gender, race, age, tenure, and even their geographical location worked against them to create hostile and unsafe situations. These findings should inform how news editors think about story assignments and reporters’ safety on the job so that editors empathize more with reporters and do away with more dangerous reporting scenarios, such as person-on-the-street interviews and door knocking. Finally, as many reporters were unprepared for the hostility they experienced, journalism instructors should focus on hostility as a reality journalists will likely face in the field.
Robotic Approach is Associated With a Lower Conversion Rate Compared to Laparoscopic Approach for Patients Undergoing Colectomy for T4b Colon Cancer. An Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Kamel Mohamed K. , Al-Qudah Ghaith , Shchatsko Anastasiya , Keane Charles A. , Serpa Eduardo , Nituica Cristina , Blebea John , Marar Omar
Published: September 2022

Introduction

We examined the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing open, laparoscopic, or robotic colectomy for T4b colon cancer, as well as the clinical factors associated with conversion to an open approach and its consequences on perioperative and oncologic outcomes.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried for patients undergoing colectomy for cT4b colon cancer (2010-2016). Patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic colectomy were matched using Propensity-Score analysis. Factors associated with conversion to an open approach were assessed using Logistic-regression multivariable-analysis (MVA).

Results

Colectomy for cT4b colon cancer was performed in 9030 patients (open: n = 6,543, robotic: n = 157, laparoscopic: n = 2330). In the propensity-matched groups, robotic approach had lower rate of conversion (12% vs 37%, P < .001), shorter hospital stays (5 vs 7-days, P = .02), and similar overall-survival (5-yr: 49% vs 39%, P = .16), compared to laparoscopic approach. Conversion to an open approach was noted in 801(32%) of the patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical colectomy (robotic n = 23(15%), laparoscopic n = 778(33%). Factors associated with lower rate of conversion on multivariable-analysis included recent year of surgery (95% CI: 0.88-.97), robotic approach (95% CI: 0.22-.56), and surgeries performed in Academic hospitals (95% CI: 0.65-.96). Conversion to an open approach was associated with higher rate of positive parenchymal margin (31% vs 25%, P = .001), higher rate of 30-day readmission (12% vs 9.5%, P = .04), and similar overall survival (5-yr: 32% vs 35%, P = .19), compared to those who had no conversion.

Conclusion

At the National level, patients undergoing colectomy for T4b colon cancer via a robotic approach had more favorable perioperative outcomes compared to laparoscopic approach. Conversion to an open approach did not compromise long term survival, despite being associated with higher rate of positive margins and readmissions rate.
Ulnar Resection Length: A Risk Factor for Nonunion in Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy
Authors: Pereira Gregory F. , Fletcher Amanda N. , O’Donnell Jeffrey A. , Whitlock Keith G. , Shapiro Lauren M. , Pidgeon Tyler S. , Ruch David S. , Richard Marc J.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Nonunion rates following ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) are reported up to 18% with few known risk factors. While resection length is variable in practice, little is known about the prognostic implications on healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether longer resection lengths increased the odds of nonunion.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent an elective USO at a single institution over a 6-year period. Demographic, social, comorbidity, and surgical data were reviewed. Ulnar resection length was obtained from operative notes and dichotomized into smaller (<5.5 mm) and larger (≥5.5 mm) groups. The primary outcome was the rate of nonunion. Univariate analyses and a multivariable logistic regression model were used to assess for significant predictors of nonunion.

Results:

A total of 87 patients were included with a mean age of 45 years. Patient comorbidities included 12.6% with diabetes, 29.9% with an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of ≥ 3, 5.8% reporting current tobacco use, and 29.9% reporting former tobacco use. There were 55 patients (63.2%) with resection lengths < 5.5 mm and 32 patients (36.8%) with ≥ 5.5 mm resections. Multivariable analysis identified longer resection length (≥5.5 mm) and current tobacco use as independent risk factors for nonunion. Patients with a resection length of ≥ 5.5 mm had 20.2 times greater odds of nonunion compared with patients with smaller resections, and current smokers had 72.2 times greater odds of nonunion compared with nonsmokers.

Conclusion:

Longer ulnar resection length (≥5.5 mm) significantly increases the risk of nonunion following USO.
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte kinase receptor A1 facilitating the prgression of SGC-7901 cells and its transplanted tumor by increasing the expression of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Wang Yong-Cang , Zheng Wen-Lin , Yu Wei , Quan Rui-Liang , Zhao Ya-Jun
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Many researches showed that Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte kinase receptor A1 (EphA1) can promote the occurrence and development of malignant tumors and may be related to tumor microenvironment. But most of them are phenomenon studies, and there are few in-depth and complete mechanism studies. This study aims to understand how EphA1 promotes the progression of malignant tumors by regulating tumor microenvironment (focusing on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) from two experimental dimensions of in vitro and in vivo by using genetic engineering technology.

Material and Methods

We used genetic engineering technology to enhance and knock down EphA1 gene expression in SGC-7901 cells, respectively, and analyzed its influence on cell function and the expression levels of VEGF and IL-6 in cells. Subsequently, we constructed human EphA1 gene overexpression, EphA1 gene silencing, and normal expression of human EphA1 gene subcutaneous transplanted tumor models of SGC-7901 cells nude mice, and analyzed the differences in tumor development and the changes in the expression levels of VEGF and ILl-6 in tumor tissues.

Results

After EphA1 gene expression was enhanced, the proliferation, invasion and migration of SGC-7901 cells were enhanced, and apoptosis was weakened, and the expression levels of VEGF and IL-6 were increased. While the opposite results were found when EphA1 gene expression were knocked down. Meanwhile, tumor formation time and growth rate of subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice were advanced and the expression levels of VEGF and IL-6 in tumor tissues were increased when EphA1 gene expression were overexpressed by genetic engineering technology. Similarly, the opposite effect occurred in transplanted tumor model when EphA1 gene was silenced.

Conclusion

Our study showed that EphA1 can up-regulating VEGF and IL-6 expression, thereby enhancing the inflammatory environment and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, and this helps to promote the progression of SGC-7901 cells and its transplanted tumor.
Retrospective future thinking: Keeping distant personal future events mentally close
Authors: Roderer Ayleen , Bohn Annette , Ann Watson Lynn
Published: September 2022

By manipulating our basic mode of prospectively thinking about the future, the present study examines the effect of retrospective future thinking on future events imagined as if they had already taken place. Here, 142 young adults were randomly assigned to report five autobiographical future events either prospectively from the perspective of their current self or retrospectively, imagining events from the perspective of their 100-year-old self. Participants indicated the expected age of occurrence and assessed phenomenological characteristics for each event. Results suggest that a shift in future thinking perspective affects the content and temporal distribution of future events. Characteristics of prospective future events diminished with increasing distance, whereas retrospective future events included overall more spatial details and remained high on belief in occurrence, vividness, and rehearsal across life. Retrospective future thinking influences the psychological distance of autobiographical future events, allowing us to hold even distant future events psychologically close.
Beware of the blues: Wellbeing of coaches and support staff throughout the Olympic Games
Authors: DeWolfe Christopher EJ , Dithurbide Lori
Published: September 2022

Being involved in major sporting events, such as the Olympic Games, is a known stressor. A growing body of evidence has found the post-Olympic period to be a particularly difficult time for athletes, leading to depression-like symptoms. The impact of major sporting events on coaches’ and support staffs’ wellbeing is relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of wellbeing for coaches and support staff post-Olympic Games. This included pre-Olympic Games and during-Olympic Games experiences that may contribute to post-Olympic challenges. Eight coaches and support staff who attended the Olympic Games completed semi-structured interviews and visual timelines to describe their wellbeing throughout the Olympic Games. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, themes and timelines were generated that reflect the participants’ wellbeing experience. Participants described the Olympic experience as a “rollercoaster ride” of emotions, including feelings of excitement, exhaustion and low mood. The post-Olympic period was a time of particular difficulty. Suggestions to improve the wellbeing for individuals who attend the Olympic Games were identified.
Unilateral versus bilateral reconstructive hip surgery in children with cerebral palsy: A survey of pediatric orthopedic surgery practice and decision-making
Authors: Miller Stacey D , Juricic Maria , Baraza Njalalle , Fajardo Nandy , So Judy , Schaeffer Emily K , Shore Benjamin J , Narayanan Unni , Mulpuri Kishore
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

This study explored whether surgeons favor unilateral or bilateral reconstructive hip surgery in children with cerebral palsy who have unilateral hip displacement.

Methods:

An invitation to participate in an anonymous, online survey was sent to 44 pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The case of an 8 year old at Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV with migration percentages of 76% and 22% was described. Surgeons selected their surgical treatment of choice and provided their rationale. Respondents were also asked to list and rank radiographic parameters used for decision-making and multidisciplinary team members involved in decision-making.

Results:

Twenty-eight orthopedic surgeons from nine countries with a mean 21.3 years (range, 5–40 years) of experience completed the survey. A “bilateral VDROs with a right pelvic osteotomy (PO) was selected by 68% (19/28) of respondents; risk of contralateral subluxation (9/19; 47%) and maintaining symmetry (7/19; 37%) were the most common rationales for bilateral surgery. The remaining 32% (9/28) chose a ‘right VDRO with a right PO’” with most of these (8/9; 89%) stating the left hip was sufficiently covered. Of 31 radiographic parameters identified, migration percentage, acetabular angle/index, Shenton line, neck shaft angle, and presence of open/closed triradiate growth plates were the most common. Physical therapists (68%) and physiatrists (43%) were most likely to be involved in pre-operative surgical consultation.

Conclusion:

There is a lack of agreement on management of the contralateral hip in children with unilateral hip displacement. Further studies comparing patient important outcomes following unilateral and bilateral surgery are required.

Level of Evidence:

V