bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Honey Accelerates Wound Healing in Pressure Ulcer: A Review
Authors: Halim Jessica , Dwimartutie Noto
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Pressure ulcer (PU) is a result of prolonged pressure and shear over a bony prominence resulting in tissue injury of varying depth. To date, there is no standardized wound dressings for PU. Due to its availability and affordability, honey is suitable as PU wound dressing considering its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. This review article will provide evidence of the superiority of honey dressing.Methods: Literature source was searched through online databases with relevant keywords and then appraised for their validity, importance, and applicability. Total of three articles were appraised.Results: All articles agreed that application of honey on PU wounds reduced wound size and alleviate pain. Honey-impregnated gauze dressing promoted faster pain relief throughout treatment and less discomfort during each dressing change. Healing rate was proven 4 times faster with honey compared to other topical ointments. However, the antibacterial effect of honey was not significantly confirmed in the study. Nonetheless, topical application of honey successfully accelerates wound healing in PU.Conclusion: Honey is a promising alternative for topical dressings in patients with PU.
How to Harvest The Free Fibula Flap
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Ramadan Mohamad Rachadian , Triatmoko Sara Ester , Ralena Nadhira Anindita
Published: May 2020

Summary: Free fibular flap (FFF) is a composite flap consisting of fibular bone and skin paddle. Muscle may be added to the flap. It has several advantages and disadvantages. The fibular free flap is well suited for any reconstruction of the head and neck. It is suitable for defects of the anterior mandibular arch or lateral defects in patients who wish to undergo osseointegrated dental reconstruction. Meanwhile, its contraindications are related to significant atherosclerotic diseases the patient has or congenital variants of the arteries. Preparations for FFF procedure consist of history taking, physical examinations and supporting examinations, like other free flaps procedure in general. Several intraoperative preparations should also be done.
How to Harvest The Radial Forearm Free Flap
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Ramadan Mohamad Rachadian , Triatmoko Sara Ester , Ralena Nadhira Anindita
Published: May 2020

Summary: Radial forearm flap is fasciocutaneous flap from the volar aspect of the forearm that based on the perforator of radial artery. Radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has several advantages and disadvantages. It has unique characteristic of thin and pliable tissue. It may be indicated when a defect requires a thin flap with little bulk of soft tissue or multiple skin islands are needed to be provided. Physical signs and symptoms of poor peripheral digit perfusion or healing contraindicate the harvest of the radial artery pedicle. Preparations for RFFF procedure include history taking, physical examinations and supporting examinations. Several steps of intraoperative preparations should also be conducted.
Exploring the Interfaces between Ethnobiology and Ecotoxicology: A Novel Approach
Authors: Blanco Graziela Dias , Hanazaki Natalia , Cunha Suelen Beeck , Cremer Marta Jussara , Campos Mari Lucia
Published: May 2020

In recent years, increases in urbanization and industrialization have led to an increase in contaminated areas, which directly affect traditional, indigenous, and local communities who use natural resources for food and medicine. We present a discussion about the use of food resources from areas contaminated with heavy metals and focus on two case studies in southern Brazil.  In the first case study, we interviewed 194 residents about the use of plants as food resources or medicine in areas adjacent to abandoned mines, and thus potentially contaminated with heavy metals. In the second case study, we interviewed 39 fishers about the consumption of fish resources from areas potentially contaminated by industrial activities. We also asked about their perceptions regarding contamination, changes in the landscape, and health problems that could be related to contamination. Although people are aware of contamination, consuming local plants and sea food has not stopped because some of these practices are directly linked to their cultural identity; additionally, there might be a lack of public recognition toward contamination. The combination of ethnoecological and ecotoxicological studies is necessary to assess environmental problems caused by heavy metals, as well as concerns about food security and the health of local communities.
Utilização de ácidos orgânicos como alternativa para higienização de alimentos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Cavalcante Ramilly Rodrigues , Assis Renata Carmo de
Published: May 2020

Os alimentos apresentam em sua composição uma microbiota natural. O grande impasse está em impedir a colonização natural por esta microbiota. Os ácidos orgânicos são constituintes naturais de muitos alimentos e são amplamente utilizados como aditivos conservantes devido sua atividade antimicrobiana. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão integrativa buscando estudos relatando a utilização dos ácidos orgânicos como agente sanitizante de alimentos. Ao final da pesquisa obtiveram-se 10 artigos que foram analisados e discutidos de acordo com cada ácido orgânico. A depender de sua natureza, concentração e tempo de tratamento, os ácidos orgânicos possuem uma potencial aplicação como sanitizantes para alimentos.
Esophageal Manometry Competency Program Improves Gastroenterology Fellow Performance in Motility Interpretation
Authors: DeLay Kelli , Pandolfino John E. , Gyawali C. Prakash , Frye Jeanetta , Kaizer Alexander , Menard-Katcher Paul , Sloan Joshua A. , Gawron Andrew J. , Peterson Kathryn , Carlson Dustin A. , Khan Abraham , Keswani Rajesh N. , Yadlapati Rena
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Competency-based medical education (CBME) for interpretation of esophageal manometry is lacking; therefore, motility experts and instructional designers developed the esophageal manometry competency (EMC) program: a personalized, adaptive learning program for interpretation of esophageal manometry. The aim of this study was to implement EMC among Gastroenterology (GI) trainees and assess the impact of EMC on competency in manometry interpretation.

METHODS:

GI fellows across 14 fellowship programs were invited to complete EMC from February 2018 to October 2018. EMC includes an introductory video, baseline assessment of manometry interpretation, individualized learning pathways, and final assessment of manometry interpretation. The primary outcome was competency for interpretation in 7 individual skill sets.

RESULTS:

Forty-four GI trainees completed EMC. Participants completed 30 cases, each including 7 skill sets. At baseline, 4 (9%) participants achieved competency for all 7 skills compared with 24 (55%) at final assessment (P < 0.001). Competency in individual skills increased from a median of 4 skills at baseline to 7 at final assessment (P < 0.001). The greatest increase in skill competency was for diagnosis (Baseline: 11% vs Final: 68%; P < 0.001). Accuracy improved for distinguishing between 5 diagnostic groups and was highest for the Outflow obstructive motility disorder (Baseline: 49% vs Final: 76%; P < 0.001) and Normal motor function (50% vs 80%; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

This prospective multicenter implementation study highlights that an adaptive web-based training platform is an effective tool to promote CBME. EMC completion was associated with significant improvement in identifying clinically relevant diagnoses, providing a model for integrating CBME into subspecialized areas of training.
Reevaluating Goals of Therapy in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Is Good Enough Is Not Good Enough Anymore?
Authors: Bower Richard J. , Frenette Catherine
Published: May 2020

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune-mediated inflammatory cholestatic liver disease, which can progress to cirrhosis. This issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology features the results of the GLOBAL PBC Study Group evaluating patients with PBC over a 10-year period. Although biochemical response was evaluated in previous studies, this study showed that bilirubin levels ≤0.6 upper limit of normal or normal levels of alkaline phosphatase are associated with the lowest risk for liver transplantation or death in patients with PBC.
Petitioning about the Revolutionary Nation: Social History and Communication under the Early Kérékou Regime in Benin, 1975–1977
Authors: Keese Alexander
Published: May 2020

In Benin under the authoritarian regime installed by Mathieu Kérékou in 1972—officially “Marxist-Leninist” from 1974 onwards—individuals sent an impressive number of petitions to the president himself. Those were analyzed and commented on by the presidential office (the cabinet civil), and put into wider debates on “revolutionary norms” and “social realities” in the postcolonial society. Categorizing them into the three narratives of conspiracy and political struggles, sorcery and “traditional religion,” and conflict regarding land and family structures, I argue that the interpretation of such petitions and their contexts of tensions and conflicts allows creating a social historical panorama for the years 1975 to 1977. The themes express principal concerns and contradictions in (southern) Beninese society, and their analysis constitutes a mighty statement regarding the importance of such archival sources for postindependence social histories in West Africa.
Saber, principios y deliberación. Una interpretación del saber moral en el «Critón» de Platón
Authors: Solans Blasco Miquel
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo analiza los elementos centrales de la concepción platónica del saber moral en el diálogo Critón. En primer lugar, se examina la caracterización del saber moral que Sócrates se atribuye a sí mismo en la Apología, con el objetivo de ofrecer un marco conceptual de referencia en el que situar el saber moral socrático tal y como es presentado en el Critón. El siguiente epígrafe está dedicado al estudio de los principios prácticos introducidos por Sócrates en su respuesta a la propuesta de fuga planteada por su amigo Critón y que habrán de guiar la deliberación sobre si tal acción debe acometerse o no. Dicha deliberación es el objeto de análisis en el cuarto epígrafe. Finalmente, en el quinto y último epígrafe se analizan algunos aspectos disposicionales en los que incide la representación dramática de Sócrates y Critón y que resultan esenciales en la caracterización del saber moral en el Critón.
La insuficiencia de la teoría de la justicia distributiva rawlsiana ante la interdependencia económica global
Authors: León Rojas Alejandra
Published: May 2020

La Teoría de la Justicia del filósofo norteamericano John Rawls es considerada una de las mayores contribuciones a la filosofía política del siglo XX. En esta, Rawls plasmó su preocupación por un orden institucional justo para todos los individuos. Por ello, concentra sus esfuerzos en la justicia, como primera virtud de las instituciones sociales, para que atraviese, en un ámbito doméstico, la estructura básica de la sociedad y, en el marco internacional, las relaciones entre Estados. En este escrito, se sostiene que dicha versión restringida de la sociedad y del alcance de la justicia, deja en deuda su teoría frente a las diferencias sociales en el nivel de vida de los países y la situación de pobreza absoluta de gran parte de las personas en el mundo.
A study on the examination of eating behaviors and eating habits of individuals with Down syndrome
Authors: Doğan Esradeniz , Çekal Nurten , Körükçü Özlem
Published: May 2020

Down syndrome, which is one of the most common chromosal disorders, is caused by an extra chromosome in the 21st chromosome pair of people as a result of genetic irregularity. The attitudes of individuals with Down syndrome towards nutritional behavior were examined and interview technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this study. 20 individuals with a diagnosis of Down syndrome between the ages of 14-36, who live in the city of Denizli and who have the capacity to answer the questions asked to them, participated in the study. 80% of the individuals included in the research have above normal body mass index, 65% are in the category of slightly fat and 15% are in the category of fat. When the findings related to the nutritional habits of individuals were examined, it was seen that 85% of the individuals had 3 meals, 10% of the individuals had 5 meals and 5% of the individuals had 4 meals. This shows that none of the individuals skipped meals. When the participants were asked, "Are you trying not to eat some foods because they cause you to gain weight?” All of the responses from the participants were "No, I cannot give up, because I love to eat". This situation supports the fact that individuals included in the research could not control their weight. This result shows that the individuals included in the research do not have the knowledge that obesity may threaten their health. For this reason, it is essential to educate these individuals about nutrition. Nutrition education should be given both to individuals with down syndrome and their parents.
Control Strategy of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in Standalone Mode
Authors: Qachchachi Nabil , Mahmoudi Hassane , El Hassnaoui Abdennebi
Published: May 2020

The fluctuation of production of renewable energy resources (RESs) is a big problem for its installation and integration in isolated residential buildings. A hybrid AC/DC microgrid facilitates the good operation of RESs with a storage system in standalone mode and the possibilities of smart energy management. In this paper optimization research of the hybrid ac/dc microgrid in isolated mode of operation is presented. The power system is supplied by various Renewable Energy Resources (RESs), Photovoltaic arrays (PVA), a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), Diesel Generator (DG) and supported by Batteries Storage System (BSS) for short term storage. The main objective of this study is to optimize power flow within a hybrid ac/dc microgrid with regards to reliability in islanded mode. First a mathematical model optimized by mixed integer linear programming and solved by CPLEX solver with JAVA language is developed for an islanded RES system and then, based on the developed model, the power system control is simulated for different cases of off-grid mode. Simulation results have shown that the management strategy can maintain power balancing while performing optimized control and give a controllable loads and batteries charging/discharging powers, even with unpredictability of RESs powers outputs and arbitrary energy tariffs. Finally, the proposed algorithm respects the optimization in real-time operation under various constraints.%.
Tożsamość jednostki w obliczu wyzwań wielokulturowego społeczeństwa
Authors: Tomasz Leszniewski Tomasz Leszniewski
Published: May 2020

This paper is a attempt of reflection concerning of appearing human identity problems which take a place in differential and complex society. A special attention was paid nationality identification. Using the concept of G.H. Mead and J. Habermas describe the complex structure of an individual’s identity, presenting various forms of social relationships that connect people with others and try to explain the problem of exclusion and hostility towards others/strange in the perspective of identity. The key issue in this social relationship is the connection the individual and the collective dimension of human identity. The basic hypothesis of the text assumes that the more the community limits the development of a person’s (individual) identity, the more likely he becomes vulnerable to feelings of threat and hostility towards another.
Listening to the Old City
Authors: Blaszkiewicz Jacek
Published: May 2020

The ubiquitous din of Paris’s street hawkers, known as the cris de Paris or the “cries of Paris,” has captured the Parisian imagination since the Middle Ages. During the 1850s and 1860s, however, urban demolition severely disturbed the everyday rhythms of street commerce. The proliferation of books, poetry, and musical works featuring the cris de Paris circa 1860 reveals that many in the Parisian literary community feared the eventual disappearance of the city’s iconic sights and sounds. These nostalgia discourses transpired into broader criticism of Georges-Eugène Haussmann and the discriminatory mode of urbanism that he practiced. Haussmannization irrevocably altered the Parisian soundscape by displacing, policing, and thus silencing the working-class communities that made their living with their voices. As an ideological device, nostalgia offered a counternarrative to Second Empire ideas of progress by suggesting that urbanization would vanquish any remaining image of what came to be known as le vieux Paris. An analysis of Jean-Georges Kastner’s symphonic cantata Les cris de Paris (1857) shows how representations of the urban soundscape articulated a distinctly Parisian notion of modernity: a skirmish between a utopian “capital of the nineteenth century” and a romanticized Old City.
The Unlike Pair
Authors: Carrasco Clare
Published: May 2020

Between 1919 and 1923 Arnold Schoenberg’s Chamber Symphony, op. 9 (1906) and Franz Schreker’s Chamber Symphony (1916) were repeatedly programmed together on public concerts in Germany. Critics reviewing these and other postwar performances often framed the two works in a distinctive and, by today’s standards, surprising way: they aligned Schoenberg’s Chamber Symphony with an “expressionist” and Schreker’s Chamber Symphony with an “impressionist” musical aesthetic. With roots in prewar German critical and historical writing, impressionism and expressionism functioned as multifaceted, contextually contingent concepts in postwar music criticism. They bore not only music-stylistic but also psychological, national, and racial implications, thus serving as important mechanisms through which critics could engage music in broader cultural and political debates.

Even as critics writing after the Great War almost universally—if certainly reductively—aligned Schreker’s Chamber Symphony with impressionism and Schoenberg’s Chamber Symphony with expressionism, they fiercely disagreed about the relative cultural value of these contrasting orientations. Schoenberg and Schreker were thereby implicated in discussions that related their music to pressing contemporary questions of political radicalism, national identity, and Jewishness. Critical reception of postwar performances of this “unlike pair” of chamber symphonies thus documents a consequential yet neglected chapter in the conceptual history of musical “impressionism” and “expressionism”: a chapter in which German-language critics first connected the two terms in a complex, politically laden relationship.
ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Management of thyroid nodules and cancer
Authors: Vrachimis Alexis , Iakovou Ioannis , Giannoula Evanthia , Giovanella Luca
Published: May 2020

Most patients with thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer (TC) referred for diagnostic work-up and treatment are not considered at higher risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2 compared to the general population. On the other hand, healthcare resources should be spared to the maximum extent possible during a pandemic. Indeed, while thyroid nodules are very common, only a small percentage are cancerous and, in turn, most thyroid cancers are indolent in nature. Accordingly, diagnostic work-up of thyroid nodules, thyroid surgery for either benign or malignant thyroid nodules and radioiodine treatment for differentiated thyroid cancers may be safely postponed during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Appropriate patient counselling, however, is mandatory and red flags should be carefully identified prompting immediate evaluation and treatment as appropriate. For these selected cases diagnostic work-up (e.g. ultrasound, scintigraphy, fine-needle aspiration), surgery and radioiodine therapy may proceed despite the threat of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19, after an individual risk-benefit analysis.
Traveling Together? Navigating the Practice of Collaborative Engagement in Coast Salish Communities
Authors: Wiebe Sarah Marie , Aguirre Kelly , Becker Amy , Brown Leslie , Claxton Israyelle , Angell Brent
Published: May 2020

Academics widely understand participatory action research (PAR) to be relevant to communities, collaborative from project design to dissemination of results, equitable and participatory while also action-oriented in pursuit of social justice. In this article, we suggest that there is much need to address both the challenges and opportunities that researchers encounter when applying participatory tools within an Indigenous context. In September 2013, the University of Victoria research team began a transportation safety project in partnership with the University of Windsor and participating Indigenous communities across the country. This project entailed both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, including a national survey in addition to community conversations, to promote community health and injury prevention. Responsible for outreach to coastal communities in British Columbia, the interdisciplinary research team employed PAR methodologies to address local and national transportation safety concerns ranging from booster seat use to pedestrian safety. In this paper, we ask: what can participatory approaches offer the study of community-engaged research (CER) with Indigenous communities? First, we assess the promises and perils of PAR for community-engaged research when working with Indigenous communities; second, we aim to demystify the process of PAR based on our experience working with the Tsawout First Nation to “Light up the Night” through participatory video with Indigenous youth; third, we reflect on what we learned in this process and discuss avenues for further research. Our submission entails a written article and accompanying videos that illuminate the creative approach to collaborative engagement with Indigenous communities.
MODELO ESPACIAL BAYESIANO PARA LA DINÁMICA DE TRANSMISIÓN DE DENGUE EN PUERTO RICO PARA DATOS DEL 2014
Authors: Hernández-González Greivin
Published: May 2020

El propósito del presente estudio, ha sido investigar la dinámica de transmisión de dengue en los 76 municipios que componen la isla principal de Puerto Rico, para las semanas 1 a 4 y 32 a 36 del año 2014. Se utilizó un modelo espacial bayesiano para estudiar la relación posible entre incidencia, variables socioeconómicas, climáticas y ambientales. Una vez propuestos los modelos, se comparan los ajustes con índices como el WAIC (Watanabe, 2010), para determinar cual representa mejor a los datos. Además se determina con el índice I-Moran si existe correlación espacial en los residuos, ya que la existencia de la misma es un indicador de que el ajuste no es bueno en alguna medida. Los datos de temperatura y precipitaciones se debieron interpolar previamente, ya que las estaciones que los recolectan no están en los centros poblacionales, para ver los cálculos el lector puede referirse a (Hernández-González, 2017).
EFECTO DE LA COBERTURA FORESTAL SOBRE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL SUELO EN LA FINCA EXPERIMENTAL INTERDISCIPLINARIA DE MODELOS AGROECOLÓGICOS: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO
Authors: Mora-Chacón Josué , Nakajima Shiori , A. Rojas Pedro , Rojas Carlos
Published: May 2020

La gestión del suelo es primaria en el contexto de adaptación al cambio climático. Sin embargo, para poder determinar su manejo, uso y conservación, se requiere de información primaria que ofrezca los insumos necesarios para la toma de decisiones. Este proyecto respondió a la poca documentación base en la sección forestal de la Finca Experimental Interdisciplinaria de Modelos Agroecológicos en Turrialba, Costa Rica. En este estudio se analizó el efecto del uso del suelo sobre características fisicoquímicas de este último para contrastar los procesos asociados con la gestión forestal y comprender el efecto temporal de la zonificación sobre las variables estudiadas. Una serie de variables biológicas también fueron determinadas para evaluar uniformidad de respuestas dentro del bosque. La textura del suelo en toda el área de estudio se clasificó en clase media a gruesa y la fertilidad química fue determinada en media a alta sin mayores diferencias entre secciones de la finca. Sin embargo, la coloración, la densidad aparente (0.6-1.4 g/cm3), la porosidad (48.1-77.6 %) y la velocidad de infiltración (552-3405 mm/día) fueron influenciadas por la textura y el uso del suelo. El promedio de respiración del suelo (46.33 µg C-CO2/gh) fue alto y no se observaron diferencias en las variables biológicas dentro del bosque. La información obtenida en este estudio demostró que la cobertura forestal ha modificado en mayor grado las variables estructurales con respecto a las otras categorías de uso del suelo acá estudiadas. El bosque, sin embargo, pareciera haberse desarrollado como una unidad funcional homogénea.
One-pot Three-component Synthesis of Novel Quinazoline-4-carboxylic Acid and Derivatives
Authors: GÖK Derviş
Published: May 2020

Amonyum asetat ve benzaldehit ile isatinin hidrolizinden elde edilen (2-amino-fenil)-okso-asetik asit sodyum tuzunun aynı ortamda üç bileşenli reaksiyonundan 2-fenil-kinazolin-4-karboksilik asit (2) sentezlendi. Daha sonra 2 ve çeşitli alkoller arasındaki reaksiyonlarından bazı yeni kinazolin-ester türevleri (3a-d) elde edildi. Son olarak 2 bileşiği ile SOCl2’nin reaksiyonundan elde edilen 2-fenil-kinazolin-4-karbonil klorür ve çeşitli aminlerin reaksiyonundan kinazolin-amit türevleri (5a-e) sentezlendi. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin yapıları 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, kütle spektrometri analiz metotları tarafından doğrulandı.
COVID-19 – the ultimate disruptor?
Authors: Woywodt Alexander , Breed Hetty , Lumsden Colin
Published: May 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has influenced undergraduate medical education in various ways already. In affected countries, educators and their teams were faced with a rapidly changing situation that made traditional ways of curriculum delivery impossible and required alternative approaches. Exams have also been affected and a cohort of students has graduated early and now joins the workforce. There is also concern for the next academic year should the pandemic last longer. In this paper we aim to describe wider implications of the pandemic beyond current curriculum delivery, exams and planning. We describe how our own clinical and educational environment has been utterly transformed within weeks and speculate how much these changes will persist after the pandemic. We also describe student concerns and introduce the thought that the pandemic may have positive long term effects as well. Finally, we speculate how COVID-19 may affect student recruitment, multi-professional learning and the current and future undergraduates' view of the profession. Our aim is to share our experience in the UK, reflect on the direction and magnitude of change seen in our own local and regional practice, and provide food for thought for educators and their teams who find themselves in a similar situation.
Renovation as a shell of many innovative types of reorganization in the life cycle management of construction projects
Authors: Yevstigneyeva Ekaterina , Vitalyi Chulkov
Published: May 2020

The problem of the reorganization of urban areas and construction projects in the last decade has become especially important for Moscow. Since the nineties of the last century, construction science has been exploring the emerging innovative varieties of reorganization and reconstruction, considering them all equally relevant. In 1996–2007, the doctoral dissertation councils of MGSU and TsNIIOMTP successfully defended candidate and doctoral dissertations on building reconstruction, as a result of research and justification of innovative types of building reorganization (renovation, recomposition, rehabilitation, retreatment, reversal). Innovative types of reorganization are enshrined in the domestic scientific and technical base, but are absent as terms in government norms and programs. Since 2017, the type of construction restructuring “renovation” has come first in importance, the State Renovation Program in Moscow is in force. In this regard, the problem arose of determining the significance of each of the innovative varieties of reorganization and restructuring, their priority and interconnection. To solve this problem, it is necessary to propose the concept of organizational structure and management in the existing set of innovative varieties of building reconstruction, taking into account the prevailing priority of renovation. There was a need for a quantitative assessment of each of the varieties according to the proposed criteria, identifying the significance and the need for its application, taking into account the specifics of the area being reconstructed, reorganized or newly constructed buildings and structures. In the process of research, the task was set to systematize innovative types of reorganization according to the criteria of efficiency and organizational and technological reliability. The article discusses the structure of the building process of renovation, the operations used in it and the interaction of renovation with other innovative types of construction reorganization. The authors of the article propose a model of renovation as a shell, under certain conditions and external factors of the urban zone, which includes other innovative types of construction reorganization.
Methods used to construct underwater pile caps on the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge
Authors: Fang Mingshan , Yu Lizhi , Tan Yu
Published: May 2020

The embedded pile-cap design in the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge project meant that prefabricated pier shafts and pile caps had to be installed under water. This posed a host of daunting construction-related challenges. The designer for the bridge – the Highway Planning and Design Institute, Beijing, China – proposed a method using temporary retaining structures to assist in the underwater installation. According to the local hydrogeological conditions and the capacity of the equipment available in each section, three methods of construction for these temporary works were used. Following completion of the project in 2018, this paper provides a technical comparison of the three methods with the aim that it will serve as a reference for similar projects in the future.
The effect of the number of needle maneuver in the lung and the number of pleural punctures on the formation of pneumothorax, a complication of lung transthoracic core needle biopsy
Authors: TURGUT Bekir , DURAN Ferdane Melike , ÖNCÜ Fatih , ESME Hıdır
Published: May 2020

Aim
This study sought to investigate the effect of the needle maneuver count and number of pleural punctures on pneumothorax in CT-guided transthoracic core needle biopsy.
Materials and Methods
Records of CT-guided core needle biopsy performed on patients were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, procedure reports, pathology reports, tomography images, follow-up examinations, and complications due to biopsy were examined. Next, the number of times the needle penetrated the pleura and the number of maneuvers in the lung were listed. The number of pleural punctures was recorded either as 1 or ≥2. The needle maneuver count was recorded either as 1, 2, or ≥3. All listed variables were statistically evaluated.
Results
A total of 393 patients were included in the study. Complications of pneumothorax occurred in 87 (22.1%) patients. A thorax tube application due to pneumothorax was required in 39 (9.9%) patients.
When the needle maneuver count in the lungs during biopsy was greater than 3, the incidence of pneumothorax and the need for a thorax tube application were increased (p = 0.001). As the size of the lesion decreased and the lesion-pleura distance increased, the needle maneuver count in the lung increased (p = 0.001, p = 0.008). Pneumothorax and thorax tube application rates were increased in 48 patients with pleural punctures ≥2 (p = 0.001, p = 0.001).
Conclusion
In CT-guided pulmonary transthoracic core needle biopsy applications, needle maneuver count and the number of pleural punctures constitute the major factors contributing to the risk of developing pneumothorax.
The Dangers of Convictions Based on a Single Piece of Forensic Evidence
Authors: Olaborede Adebola Olufunmi , Meintjes-van der Walt Lirieka
Published: May 2020

The overall goal of the criminal justice system is to ensure that perpetrators of crimes are duly punished and that victims of crimes are duly exonerated. As part of the effort to achieve this goal, the forensic disciplines have become very important in criminal investigations and prosecutions in identifying the guilty and in exonerating the innocent. There is a growing number of cases where people have been convicted based on a single piece of forensic evidence. However, some of the convictions have been found to be wrong, largely, due to the lack of adequate scientific validation of the forensic science methods. Some of these methods include latent fingerprint analysis, bite mark analysis, microscopic hair analysis and firearms identification. This article critically examines the application of forensic evidence in criminal prosecutions and highlights the dangers of convictions based on a single piece of forensic evidence. The findings of recent reports, such as, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 2009 Report and President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) 2016 Report, confirm the critical role and broad scope of these forensic pattern-matching methods. The reports also indicate flaws that affect the accuracy of these methods, such as, inadequate scientific validation, coincidental results (erroneous match), human, laboratory and interpretive errors etc. Therefore, this article argues that the court should follow a cautionary approach when relying on a single piece of forensic evidence and that strong corroboration with other forms of evidence linking the accused to the crime should be required.
HELLP syndrome, A real general disease that threatens the maternal morbidity and mortality at the EHU in Oran
Authors: Setti Aouicha Zelmat , N Belhachemie , D Bouabida K Kerbouia , D Bouabida , F Mazour
Published: May 2020

Hellp Syndrome (hemolysis, elevatedliver enzymes, lowplatelet count) is an obstetric emergency. It is a form of severity of preeclampsia, itsdiagnosisisdifficultbecause the biologicalpictureisoftenincomplete and rough [1-6]. Several classifications have emerged, the best knownisthat of MISSISSIPI. [7-10], defined by:
Sorbitol washing complex homogenate for improved DNA extractions v1
Authors: Jones Ashley , Schwessinger Benjamin
Published: May 2020

The extraction of pure DNA can be challenging due to the presence of sugars, oils and other endogenous chemicals present within biological samples. This is particularly true for many plants and fungi due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and polysaccharides. Polyphenols within the cytosol can become irreversibly DNA-bound after cell lysis and polysaccharides can co-precipitate with DNA during the extraction. Sorbitol is an osmotically active sugar alcohol and washing homogenate with sorbitol before cell lysis has been shown to significantly improve the purity of DNA extractions. Sorbitol does not pass cell membranes and likely acts by drawing the cytosol out of the cell. Therefore polyphenols and polyscacharides would be removed.
Find Proteins of Unknown Function (PUFs) using Plantannot - Protocol A v1
Authors: Viana Marcos , Mudadu Mauricio , Zerlotini Adhemar
Published: May 2020

The Plantannot software provides several filters and a text search box that allows searching for molecules by its desired annotation features. These filters are needed to obtain PUFs and to try to relate them to abiotic stresses using RNA-seq expression data and co-expression networks. The Filters menu is separated in 8 fields, of those we are going to use only five: “Organism”, “Feature type”, “Orthology”, “Orthologs_coexpression” and “Analyses”. The “Feature Type” filter has three molecule types, from those the polypeptide box is the only that is going to be always checked and the others blank. By using the other 4 remaining filters, 6 protocols were created as examples of different ways to selecting PUFs. Protocol A: using lack of both homology and protein domain signatures. Protocol B: using lack of homology, presence of domain signatures - trying to select Domains of Unknown Function (DUF) from PFAM, and the text search “Unknown function”.Protocol C: using homology, lack of protein domain signatures and the text search “Unknown function”. Protocol D-F: same protocols of A-C but using ortholog groups to find homolog proteins with co-expression data related to abiotic stress. Protocol A is intended to Find PUFs from organisms whose proteins are not yet in the NCBI´s nr database and have no protein domains found by Interproscan.
Find Proteins of Unknown Function (PUFs) using Plantannot - Protocol E v1
Authors: Viana Marcos , Mudadu Mauricio , Zerlotini Adhemar
Published: May 2020

Find PUFs from organisms whose proteins are not yet in the NCBI “nr” database and have no protein domain signatures.
Find Proteins of Unknown Function (PUFs) using Plantannot - Protocol F v1
Authors: Viana Marcos , Mudadu Mauricio , Zerlotini Adhemar
Published: May 2020

Find PUFs from organisms whose proteins are not yet in the NCBI “nr” database and have no protein domain signatures.
The comorbidity of fetal alcohol syndrome and sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome in a 7‑year-old girl (a clinical case)
Authors: Yakovleva K. D. , Alekseeva O. V. , Shnayder N. A. , Sidorenko D. R. , Dmitrenko D. V.
Published: May 2020

Fetal alcohol syndrome is the result of prenatal effect of alcohol on the fetus and manifests as disorders of neural and mental development and various congenital developmental disorders leading to comorbid diseases. Among congenital developmental disorders for the pathology, adenotonsillar pathology was described. Narrowing of the nasopharyngeal opening, faciomaxillary dysmorphias and muscle hypotony can lead to sleep apnea syndrome. The article presents a clinical case of fetal alcohol syndrome and sleep apnea in a 7‑year-old girl with multiple developmental disorders born form alcohol-abusing mother. Breathing abnormalities during sleep must be differentiated per character and cause. Cardiorespiratory monitoring is used to diagnose respiratory abnormalities, the results determine patient management tactics. Interdisciplinary approach to observation and treatment of a child with fetal alcohol syndrome is necessary to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures and patient’s quality of life.
Administrative Responsibility as a Means of Protection of Patent (Inventor’s) Rights in the Russian Federation: Some Issues of Legal Regulation
Authors: Kulakov N. A.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the research paper is to study the problems of legal regulation of administrative liability in the field of patent law. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that administrative responsibility as a means of legal protection of patent rights possesses significant potential capacity. However, a number of factors do not allow this potential to be enforced to the necessary extent. The author enumerates the following factors: latency of administrative offenses in the field of the patent legislation and lack of confidence of rights’ holders in law enforcement agencies in this area; low level of legal qualification of law enforcement officials in the field of the patent legislation; problems of the normative and legal regulation of administrative liability for infringement of patent rights. The author sees the solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of administrative responsibility in the field of the patent legislation as a complex counteraction to the above factors. Within the framework of the paper special attention is paid to the problems of legal regulation of administrative liability in the field of patent legislation. The author analyzes Para 2 of Art. 7.12 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for violation of patent and inventor’s rights. The author comes to the conclusion about the need to develop this legal rule and defines a number of proposals for amending the current legislation. In addition, in order to ensure a comprehensive and effective protection of the right to remuneration for an invention (utility model, industrial design), a proposal has been formulated to expand the jurisdiction of the federal labor inspectorate and introduce the consequential amendments to the secondary legislation.
Ensuring the Independence and Autonomy of the Judiciary in the Context of the 2020 Constitutional Reform
Authors: Stenichkin N. G.
Published: May 2020

The paper analyzes the amendments to the Constitution proposed by the President of the Russian Federation in connection with certain elements of the constitutional and legal status of the judge, evaluates the possible limits of the change of the Basic Law without distorting the fundamental principles and legal foundations of the Constitution, including ensuring the independence and autonomy of the judiciary and the principle of separation of powers. According to the amendments, the powers of the President and the legislature regarding their influence on the judiciary were considerably expanded. It seems that the changes in the legislation detailing the powers of the President to initiate the early termination of the powers of judges and the procedure itself, should be formulated in such a way that the powers of the President and the Council of the Federation in this regard neither overlap with the powers of the qualification boards of judges nor diminish the independence and autonomy of the judiciary. The author argues that judicial self-government plays an extremely important role in maintaining the balance between the branches of government, creating conditions for effective justice through guarantees of independence of judges. In this connection, the decision concerning early termination of the judges’ powers on defamatory grounds without the participation of bodies of the judicial community, in the absence of elements of an adversarial process and without the possibility of appealing against such a decision, significantly diminishes the constitutional and legal status of the judge. As a result of the conducted research it is proved that amendments to the Constitution have redistributed powers between the branches of government, there are real risks of violation of the principle of independence and autonomy of the judiciary. The constitutional reform should result in making laws aimed at preserving the constitutional balance between the branches of government.
Live Birth Criteria when Defning Life as an Object of Protection under Criminal Law
Authors: Korobeev A. I. , Shirshov A. A.
Published: May 2020

The achievements of modern medical science have led to the situation when children born deeply premature have a chance to survive. In the paper, the authors examine the problems of determining the initial moment of human life associated with the life birth criteria, analyze approaches to the definition of live birth criteria adopted by the World Health Organization and consolidated by Russian experts in the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia of 27 December 2011 No. 1687n “On Medical Criteria of Birth, Form of the Birth Document and the Procedure for its Issuance” (as amended on 13 September 2019).

The authors intended to identify and analyze some issues related to the lack of regulation of the legal status of deeply premature babies born 22 weeks premature or if the body weight of such children is not more than 500 g from the moment of their birth until they are seven days old. The authors are critical of the actual lack of legal regulation of the status of such children, assess the legal provisions regulating the mandatory resuscitation measures in relation to such children with due regard to the risks of further development of pathologies.

The paper provides for the conclusions about the need to clarify the conceptual and categorical apparatus in relation to the criteria of live birth, more complete consideration by domestic specialists of the criteria of live birth proposed by the World Health Organization, the need to take into account parents’ opinion concerning the extent of medical care for deeply premature children, including intensive care, within the framework of the institution of informed voluntary consent.

The authors call for special caution to examine any proposals to extend the limits of responsibility of medical workers, especially those related to the existence of gaps and ambiguities of the legal regulation.
Law-Making Process in the Russian Empire: Urban Planning Policy and Legislation
Authors: Pirozhkova I. G.
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the evolution of law-making process in the Russian Empire through the prism of urban planning legal regulation. It covers the period of uncodified and codified legislation with the period up to the appearance of the Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire (all its editions) and the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). In these materials, the author identified about 300 historical normative acts related to the regulation of urban development from the era of Peter the Great to 1825 (the period systematized in the PSZRI), and a number of major codified acts of the 19th — early 20th century. The analysis of their content and form formed the basis for conclusions about the quality of law-making process in the Russian Empire.

Based on the analysis of normative material covering construction, architectural legislation, legal norms in the field of organization of urban development, the author considers the characteristic features of pre-revolutionary law-making process in encouraging the creation of normative acts, conceptual techniques of legal technology, systematization characteristics. Subjects of law-making process are singled out. Normative acts are classified according to different grounds, a parallel is drawn with the modern hierarchy of normative acts, and historical features of their typology are highlighted. The author draws conclusions about the inaccurate classification of the main identified acts (charters) as codes, about the prevalence of legal idealism in the concept and policy of urban planning regulation. The source of fixing public relations in the form of a legal norm is the monarch’s will. In the research area it is based on the idea of an ideal city, the concept of which has evolved from the idea of regularity to a rational capitalist space. It was supplemented by proposals from the professional community at the end of the period.