bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa acuminata) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI BRONKUS DAN VENA PULMONALIS MENCIT (Mus musculus) JANTAN YANG DIPAPAR ASAP ROKOK
Authors: Jeanita Winny , Meles Dewa Ketut , WIdjiati Widjiati , Hamid Iwan Sahrial , Luqman Epy Muhammad , Arimbi Arimbi
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to attest the effect of Kepok banana (Musa acuminata) peel extract on the histopathology of bronchus and pulmonary veins in male mice (Mus musculus) exposed by cigarette smoke. The 24 experimental male mice were divided into six groups with each treatment having four replicate. All the groups, except K- as a control group, was treated with cigarette smoke for 14 days. After that, K- and K+ was treated with CMC-Na 1%, KO was treated with ascorbic acid 13 mg/kgBW, P1 was treated with Kepok banana peel extract 14 mg/kgBW, P2 was treated with Kepok banana peel extract 28 mg/kgBW, and P3 was treated with Kepok banana peel extract 56 mg/kgBW for 14 days. The data of the thickness of bronchial epithelium and the diameter of pulmonary veins were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Varience) with significance p<0,05 and continued with Post- hoc Tukey. The result of the thickness of bronchial epithelium showed that K+ had the highest thickening (431,83 + 9,71 µm) and significant differences (P<0,05) with all the groups. The result of P3 showed the lowest thickening of bronchial epithelium (170,84 + 2,70 µm). The result of pulmonary veins diameter showed that K+ had the narrowest diameter (525,64 + 16,61 µm) and significant differences (p<0,05) with all the groups. The result of P3 showed the lowest diameter narrowing of pulmonary veins (718,10 + 9,64 µm). The conclussion of this research are Kepok banana peel extract able to decreased the thickness of bronchial epithelium and the narrowing of pulmonary veins diameter in male mice with effective dose 28 mg/ kgBW.
STEM Integrated Ethnoscience-Based Vocational School Science Teaching Materials in Improving Student’s HOTs
Authors: Agussuryani Qori , Sudarmin Sudarmin , Sumarni Woro
Published: August 2021

The research objective was to analyze the feasibility and practicality of Vocational School teaching materials based on STEM integrated ethnoscience. Research and Development of Borg and Gall (2003) with Methods Embedded Experimental were used in this research. The results showed that the STEM integrated ethnoscience-based Vocational School science teaching materials were feasible to be used in research trials based on the assessment of 4 experts judgment which were 2 expert lecturers (material and media), and 2 education practitioners. The teaching material components included Syllabus; Lesson plan; Student Worksheet; HOTs assessment; Material Expert; and Media expert. All components showed very good criteria. Furthermore, the practicality of teaching materials was in a good category based on student responses. Teaching materials were effective in increasing the HOTs of vocational school students based on the Gain score of 0.44 in the moderate category. Teaching materials can improve students' high-order thinking habits through contextual and complex learning resources in ethnoscience studies through STEM literacy.
The Use of The Quizizz Application in The Scientific Literacy Assessment of High School Students On Global Warming Material
Authors: Nadhifah Azuminatun , Jauhariyah Mukhayyarotin Niswati Rodliyatul
Published: August 2021

This research aims to describe the feasibility of the scientific literacy assessment instrument, describe the high school students’ scientific literacy profile on global warming material, and examine scientific literacy instruments' practicality. The research data was collected using scientific literacy instruments with 16 multiple choice and four essays and student response questionnaires. This research refers to the ADDIE model. The analysis data of this instrument's feasibility is viewed from five criteria: the logical and empirical validity of the items, reliability, difficulty level, and distinguishing power. Student response questionnaires analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. The sampling technique selected randomly. This study's limited trial subjects were 24 physics education freshmen at one of the state university in Surabaya city to determine the feasibility of the scientific literacy assessment instrument. Thirty-three students of Class XI MIPA 3 at one of the private senior high schools in Krian is a field trial. The results showed that the scientific literacy assessment instrument was feasible, with 10 of the 20 items developed. The average achievement of students' scientific literacy as a whole was 38. While the students’ ability in each aspect, namely explaining scientific phenomena, designing and evaluating scientific investigations, and interpreting scientific data and evidence, is in a very low category, less than 50%. The practicality of the instrument developed with a value range of 62%-74% in a good category. This research can be used as an evaluation material in learning activities to be more effective and optimal in improving scientific literacy skills.
Instability of Traveling Pulses in Nonlinear Diffusion-Type Problems and Method to Obtain Bottom-Part Spectrum of Schrödinger Equation with Complicated Potential
Authors: Tribelsky Michael I.
Published: August 2021

The instability of traveling pulses in nonlinear diffusion problems is inspected on the example of Gunn domains in semiconductors. Mathematically the problem is reduced to the calculation of the "energy" of the ground state in Schrödinger equation with a complicated potential. A general method to obtain the bottom-part spectrum of such equations based on the approximation of the potential by square wells is proposed and applied. Possible generalization of the approach to other types of nonlinear diffusion equations is discussed.
The Influence of Modified Experimental Dental Resin Composites on the Initial In Situ Biofilm – A Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Split-Mouth Trial
Authors: Burgard Niklas , Kienitz Melanie , Jourdan Claudia , Rüttermann Stefan
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study was to investigate the bacterial viability of the initial biofilm on the surface of experimental modified dental resin composites. Twenty-five healthy individuals with good oral hygiene were included in this study. In a split-mouth design, they received acrylic splints with five experimental composite resin specimens. Four of them were modified with either a novel polymeric hollow beads delivery system or methacrylated polymerizable Irgasan (Antibacterial B), while one specimen served as unmodified control (ST). The delivery system based on Poly-Pore® was loaded with one of the active agents Tego® Protect 5000 (Antiadhesive A), Dimethicone (Antiadhesive B) or Irgasan (Antibacterial A). All study subjects refrained from toothbrushing during the study period. Specimens were detached from the splints after 8h and given a live/dead staining before fluorescence microscopy. Friedman test and post-hoc Nemenyi test were applied with significance level at p < 0.05. In summary all materials but Antibacterial B showed a significant antibacterial effect compared to ST. In conclusion dental resin composites with Poly-Pore loaded active agents show antibacterial effectiveness in situ.
Metal accumulation capacity in indigenous Alaska vegetation growing on military training lands
Authors: Busby Ryan , Douglas Thomas , LeMonte Joshua , Ringelberg David , Indest Karl
Published: August 2021

Permafrost thawing could increase soil contaminant mobilization in the environment. Our objective was to quantify metal accumulation capacities for plant species and functional groups common to Alaskan military training ranges where elevated soil metal concentrations were likely to occur. Plant species across multiple military training range sites were collected. Metal content in shoots and roots was compared to soil metal concentrations to calculate bioconcentration and translocation factors. On average, grasses accumulated greater concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn relative to forbs or shrubs, and bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Ni and Pb. Shrubs bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Sb. Translocation to shoots was greatest among the forbs. Three native plants were identified as candidate species for use in metal phytostabilization applications. Elymus macrourus, a grass, bioconcentrated substantial concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in roots with low translocation to shoots. Elaeagnus commutata, a shrub, bioconcentrated the greatest amounts of Sb, Ni, and Cr, with a low translocation factor. Solidago decumbens bio-concentrated the greatest amount of Sb among the forbs and translocated the least amount of metals. A combination of forb, shrub, and grass will likely enhance phytostabilization of heavy metals in interior Alaska soils through increased functional group diversity.
Investigation of TGF-β1 gene variant and expression in a group of Iranian women with endometriosis
Authors: Babaei Mahdokht , Sarhangi Negar , Shahrabi-Farahani Maryam , Sharifi Farshad , Alipor Majid , Aminimoghaddam Soheila , M.Amoli Mahsa
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Endometriosis is defined as a common gynecologic and inflammatory disease. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) gene and its protein level might play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The present study aimed for the first time to assess the associations between endometriosis risk and − 509 C/T (rs1800469) variant of the TGF-β1 gene as well as TGF-β1 mRNA expression in eutopic endometrium tissue of patients with and without endometriosis among a group of Iranian women.
Methods

Genotyping was carried out in 100 endometriosis patients (cases) with confirmed histological diagnosis of endometriosis and 197 non-endometriosis subjects (controls). The expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA was determined using Real-Time PCR assay in 15 eutopic endometrium tissue of women with endometriosis and 15 healthy controls.
Results

There was a significant association for allele and genotype frequencies of rs1800469 variant and endometriosis i. No significant difference for TGF-β1 expression was observed between eutopic endometrium of patients and healthy group. Also, evaluation of TGF-β1expression across the menstrual cycle showed the same level of TGF-β1 among cases and controls subjects.
Conclusion

Our investigations indicated enough evidence for the effect of TGF-β1 gene polymorphism on endometriosis risk in an Iranian population. Furthermore, we could not find any relations between TGF-β1 mRNA expression and susceptibility to endometriosis.
The Effect of Different Salinity Levels on Chloride Cells of Periophthalmus Waltoni’s Epidermis in Connection with NA + / K + / ATPase ion Transporter and NA + / K + / 2CL Cotransporter using Immunohistochemistry Technique
Authors: Morovvati Hassan , Farahani Mina Amiri , Hesari Ali Kalantari , Esfandiyari Kaveh , Babaei Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Background: The NA+ / K+ / ATPase and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporter are two types of ions transporting proteins that are active in the secretion of chloride in bony fish. So, the level and activity of these transporting proteins are expected to increase in saline water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different salinity levels on chloride cells of Periophthalmus waltoni’s epidermis in connection with NA+ / K+ / ATPase ion transporter and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporter using immunohistochemistry technique.Results: Simultaneous localization of NA+ / K+ / ATPase and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporter showed that both were simultaneously present in epidermal ion cells and were able to react to different salinity levels. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the model that states, NA+ / K+ / ATPase and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporters are responsible for the secretion of chloride from the chloride cells of bony fish.
Study Design of Optical Sensor 1D Photonic Crystal by Introducing Metal/Defect/Metal Multilayer Defect: Malaria Diagnosis
Authors: Ankita Ankita , Bissa Shivangi , Suthar Bhuvneshwer , Nayak Chittaranjan , Bhargava Anami
Published: August 2021

We introduce a defect layer between two metal layers at middle of a one-dimensional photonic crystal. This structure is used to study the tunable characteristic of proposed structure. The transmission, reflection and absorption are calculated using transfer matrix method. The influence of metal layer width, incident angle and defect layer refractive index has been investigated to analyze the tunable characteristic. The shifting of defect mode is improved with metal layer width and incident angle too. Due to metal layer, the localized surface plasmon wave causes decrease in transmission and appearance of absorption. For TE and TM polarization, the localized defect mode shows a blue shift with incident angle, but the transmission peak reduces with incident angle in TE polarization. Therefore, the proposed structure can be used as optical sensor with high sensitivity for malaria diagnosis compared with previous result.
Anaerobic co-digestion of grass and cow manure: kinetic modeling comparison and GHG emission reduction
Authors: Ulukardesler Ayse Hilal
Published: August 2021

Grass is a highly desirable substrate for anaerobic digestion because of its higher biodegradability and biogas/methane yield. It contains a large amount of organic matter, which can be digested anaerobically to produce biogas. Anaerobic co-digestion of grass, cow manure and sludge was studied under mesophilic conditions for 65 days. Experiments were performed on a feed ratio of grass/manure 5, 10, 15, 20, 25%, respectively. During the experiments the volume and concentration of biogas and methane were recorded daily. The maximum cumulative biogas and methane yield was obtained as 331.75 mLbiogas/gVS and 206.64 mLCH4/gVS for 25% ratio. Also, the results of the experiments were tested on the three different kinetics model which are the first order kinetic model, modified Gompertz model and Logistics model. As a result of the study, it was found that by using grass waste 1.2.109 kWh/year electricity may be produced and 1.106 tons/year CO2 greenhouse gas emission may be reduced.
Production of L-glutaminase From Agro-industrial Waste by Halomonas Elongata MM-5 Under Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Mujahed Mohammed , Jirgale Dhiraj G , Kareppa Basavraj M
Published: August 2021

In this study L-glutaminase production by extremely halotolerant Halomonas elongata MM-5 using solid-state fermentation was investigated. Screening of a variety of agro-industrial byproducts such as rice husk, green gram husk, bengal gram husk, red gram husk, safflower oil cake, groundnut oil cake, black gram husk, groundnut skin and wheat bran was carried out individually and in different combinations. Optimization of various physicochemical parameters namely incubation time, pH, temperature, initial moisture content, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, L-glutamine concentration and inoculum level was carried out. Among the various substrates screened individually red gram husk supported the maximum production of enzyme 79.03±0.49 IU/gds. In the mixture of substrates screened red gram husk and bengal gram husk in the ratio (60:40) showed maximum 92.06±1.42 IU/gds enzyme production. The L-glutaminase production was maximum after 4 days of incubation period, pH 8, temperature 40°C and 80 percent moisture content. The lactose and malt extract used as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively supported the maximum yield of L-glutaminase. After screening and optimization of various parameters, the yield of L-glutaminase increased from 79.03 to 159.12 IU/gds.
Iterative Parameter Identification for Fractional-Order Block-Oriented Nonlinear Systems with Application to a Battery Model
Authors: Ji Yan , Wang Junwei , Meng Xiangxiang
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates parameter and order identification of a class of block-oriented nonlinear systems. By using the hierarchical identification principle, the system is divided into two subsystems, which are a linear block system and a nonlinear block system. For the purpose of solving the difficulty of estimating two sets of parameter vectors, the over-parameterization method and the key item separation technique are used, respectively. Therefore, a two-stage over-parameterization gradient-based iterative algorithm and a key term separation two-stage gradient-based iterative algorithm are derived. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms are effective. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated through a battery model. The results show well agreement with the real system outputs.
Association Between Urate-Lowering Therapies and Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the MAPT Study.
Authors: MOLET-BENHAMOU Luc , GIUDICI Kelly VIRECOULON , BARRETO Philipe , ROLLAND Yves
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Long-term use of urate-lowering therapies (ULT) may reduce inflammaging and thus prevent cognitive decline during aging. This article examined the association between long-term use of ULT and cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults with spontaneous memory complaints.
Material and methods
We performed a secondary observational analysis using data of 1,673 participants ≥ 70 years old from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT Study), a randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of a multidomain intervention, the administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), both, or placebo on cognitive decline. We compared cognitive decline during the 5-year follow-up between three groups according to ULT use: participants treated with ULT during at least 75% of the study period (PT ≥ 75; n = 51), less than 75% (PT < 75; n = 31), and non-treated participants (PNT; n = 1,591). Cognitive function (measured by a composite score) was assessed at baseline, 6 months and every year for 5 years. Linear mixed models were performed and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of arterial hypertension or diabetes, baseline composite cognitive score, and MAPT intervention groups.
Results
After the 5-year follow-up, only non-treated participants presented a significant decline in the cognitive composite score (mean change − 0.173, 95%CI -0.212 to -0.135; p < 0.0001). However, there were no differences in change of the composite cognitive score between groups (adjusted between-group difference for PNT vs. PT < 75: 0.089, 95%CI -0.160 to 0.338, p = 0.484; PNT vs. PT ≥ 75: 0.174, 95%CI -0.042 to 0.391, p = 0.115).
Conclusion
Use of ULT was not associated with reduced cognitive decline over a 5-year follow-up among community-dwelling older adults at risk of dementia.
CoFe-LDO Nanoparticles as a Novel Catalyst of Permonosulfate (PMS) for Amino Acid Removal
Authors: Luo Yuye , Liu Cheng , Zhao Meiqi
Published: August 2021

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has been a subject of studies because of its potential to form nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) in drinking water treatment. In our study, histidine was effectively degraded in the CoFe-LDO/PMS system. The results investigated that the removal of DON and histidine within 1 h in the CoFe-LDO/PMS system were up to 61% and 72%, respectively. Then the influences of CoFe-LDO dosage, PMS dosage and pH value for DON removal were elucidated. The optimum pH was 8, the optimal dosage of CoFe-LDO and PMS were 0.04 g/L and 0.5 mmol/L. It was found that SO4−• and •OH induced by the transformation of Co2+-Co3+ and Fe2+-Fe3+ on the catalyst surface were responsible for the degradation by ESR detection, in which SO4−• played a more important role. The degradation pathway of histidine indicated that it was partly oxidized to NH4+-N in the 60 min and no evident generation of N2 during the whole process. Furthermore, degradation products of histidine have also been revealed by the analysis of HPLC-MS. In addition, the generation potentials of two typical N-DBPs were also clarified. The formation potential of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) decreased, while that of dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) increased firstly after declining.
Investigation of Drainage Structures In The Karst Aquifer System Through Turbidity Anomaly, Hydro Geochemical And Stable Isotope Analyzes (Kiyan Springs, Western Iran)
Authors: Kiyani Vahed , Esmaili Abbas , Alijani Farshad , Samani Saeideh
Published: August 2021

Karst aquifers typically have desirable physicochemical properties and can provide an important source of groundwater for drinking. Kiyan karst springs, located in the geological region of the Zagros (western Iran), consist of two springs (Keder and Zolal) situated 3 meters apart. The water of Zolal spring is always clear, with no turbidity during rainfall or earthquake phenomena, but Keder spring, which also provides drinking water to a city of 10,000 inhabitants (Kiyan city), has very high turbidity in these conditions, and this disrupts the drinking water supply for about 1 month per year in the study area. The interpretation of discharge time series diagrams, precipitation, and turbidity in different rainfall and earthquake conditions, composite diagrams, and stable isotope concentrations shows this study area to be a well-developed karst environment with ahighlyeroded tectonic zone and large karst conduits along with turbulent water flow. In general, the difference in the behavior of the two springs is related to different paths of water movement through the drainage area.The two springs share the same source of recharge from rainfall and the same initial underground drainage path from the largest sinkhole in the region; although the path of water movementis divided into two branches, with Zolal spring water entering a narrower fault channel. In the Zolal spring pathway, a siphon-shaped reservoir is formed where muddy rainwatersettles, so that the water from this spring is clear but hashigher concentrations of all ions analyzed here than Keder spring water.
Palatal Vault Morphometric Analysis of the Effects of Two Early Orthodontic Treatments in Anterior Open Bite Growing Subjects: A Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Paoloni Valeria , Fusaroli Dimitri , Marino Ludovica , Mucedero Manuela , Cozza Paola
Published: August 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the palatal morphological changes in Anterior Open Bite (AOB) pre-pubertal subjects treated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Bite-Block (RME/BB) or Quad Helix with crib (QH/C) when compared with a Control Group (CG) by using Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMM). Methods: AOB group (AOBG) included 30 subjects (20 females, 10 males, mean age 8.1 ± 0.8ys) with dentoskeletal AOB. AOBG was divided in two subgroups according to the treatment strategy: RME/BB group (RME/BBg) included 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males, QH/C group (QH/Cg) comprised 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males). The two subgroups were compared with a CG of 15 subjects (10 females, 5 males) matched for sex, age, vertical pattern, and observation period. Digital upper dental casts were collected before treatment (T1) and at the end of the active treatment (T2). Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized on dental casts and GMM was applied. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed.Results: At T2, RME/BBg when compared with QH/Cg evidenced no statistically significant differences. Instead, RME/BBg showed an increased maxillary transverse dimension and a decreased palatal depth when compared with CG. The comparison QH/Cg vs CG demonstrated a slight transversal maxillary expansion.Conclusions: RME/BBg showed significant changes in the transversal and vertical dimensions with a clear maxillary expansion and a decrease of the palatal depth when compared with QH/Cg and CG. QH/Cg showed a significant slight maxillary expansion and no variation in vertical and sagittal planes when compared with CG.
An Underexplored Diversity in “Yoksik Peron” [Lablab Purpureus (L.) Sweet] in East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: PANDEY DILEEP , Adhiguru P. , Pandey Anjula , Singh P. K.
Published: August 2021

As a legume and a source of protein, hyacinth bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] serves as a resilient and efficient source not only of calories but also of proteins and has several therapeutic properties besides, which makes it a truly multifunctional legume. The present study describes the wide morphological diversity in “Yoksik peron” (local name of lablab bean) found in Pasighat (East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh) represented by14 landraces conserved and cultivated by the indigenous people mainly in their backyards and kitchen gardens. The width of the pod ranged from 1.6cm to 4.1cm and its length, from 4.7 cm to 20.1cm. The pods also differed in colour, seed size, and shape. Many of those landraces are more resistant to several biotic and abiotic sources of stress. Such diversity offers the opportunity to identify and select the genotypes with greater tolerance to stress, thereby contributing to making the ecosystem more resilient. In addition, contemporary studies on hyacinth bean have shown the wide range of health benefits it offers, especially its potent anti-obesity properties. To realize the bean’s full potential, we need an enabling policy environment for furthering research and mainstreaming to other locations.
Quantitative RT-PCR Detection of Human Noroviruses and Hepatitis A Virus in Surface Water and Fresh Produce
Authors: Shaheen Mohamed N.F. , Elmahdy Elmahdy M. , Mahmoud Lamiaa H. I. , Hammad Ibtisam A. , Soliman Elham R.S.
Published: August 2021

Vegetables can be considered as a vehicle for the transmission of human enteric viruses such as noroviruses (genogroups I and II) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) when irrigated with contaminated irrigation or when prepared by infected food handlers. In the current study, we investigated the presence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human noroviruses (genogroups I and II) in fresh produce and surface water used in cultivation of this produce using real-time PCR. Samples were collected from six different points in the Mansoura and Giza regions, Egypt. Our analysis showed that at least one virus was found in 41.6% (30/72) of surface water samples and 27% (13/48) of fresh produce samples. HAV (23/72) with a mean viral concentration = 4 × 106 genome copies/litter (GC/L) was the most frequently identified virus in surface irrigation water samples, followed by human norovirus genogroup II (HNoV GII) (15/72, with a mean concentration = 1.2 × 106 GC/L, and human noroviruses genogroup I (HNoV GI) (12/72, with a mean concentration = 1.4 × 104 GC/L). Additionally, HAV (10/48) with a mean concentration = 5.2 × 105 genome copies/gram (GC/g) was also the most frequently detected virus in the fresh produce samples, followed by HNoV GII (8/48, with a mean concentration = 1.7 × 104 GC/g), meanwhile HNoV GI (6/48) was less detected virus with a mean concentration = 3 × 103 GC/g. This work suggests a wide prevalence of human enteric viruses in surface irrigation waters and fresh produce, which is of concern when the fresh produce is eaten raw. Thus, Additional monitoring for viral pathogens in irrigation water and food is needed to increase produce safely.
A neuromarker for drug and food craving distinguishes drug users from non-users
Authors: Koban Leonie , Wager Tor , Kober Hedy
Published: August 2021

Craving is a core feature of substance use disorders and a strong predictor of relapse. It is linked to polysubstance use, overeating, pathological gambling, and other maladaptive behaviors. Despite its utility, craving measures are based on self-report, with associated limitations related to introspective access and variability across sociocultural contexts. Objective biological markers of craving, which could reveal the neurophysiology of craving, are lacking. For example, it remains unclear whether craving for drugs and food involve similar or separable mechanisms. Across three studies (N = 101), we combined fMRI with machine-learning to identify a brain-based marker of cue-evoked drug and food craving, resulting in a cross-validated multi-system pattern (or brain signature), including ventromedial prefrontal and cingulate cortices, ventral striatum, temporal and parietal association areas, mediodorsal thalamus, and cerebellum. This signature predicted self-reported craving intensity (p < 0.002, within-person r = 0.50) and discriminated high from low craving with 78% accuracy. It also discriminated drug users versus non-users based on brain responses to drug (75% accuracy), but not food, cues. Predictive brain models trained on drug cues also transferred to food cues, and vice versa, suggesting shared neurophysiological mechanisms for drug and food craving. In conclusion, fMRI can be used to predict craving across different drug and food cues, and separate drug users from non-users. Future studies are needed to assess whether the brain signature of craving responds to clinical intervention and can predict long-term clinical outcomes.
Adolescent thalamic inhibition leads to long-lasting impairments in prefrontal cortex function
Authors: Benoit Laura , Holt Emma , Posani Lorenzo , Fusi Stefano , Harris Alexander , Canetta Sarah , Kellendonk Christoph
Published: August 2021

Impaired cortical maturation is a postulated mechanism in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. In sensory cortex, activity relayed by the thalamus during a postnatal sensitive period is essential for proper cortical maturation. Whether thalamic activity also shapes prefrontal cortical maturation is unknown. Here, we show that inhibiting the midline thalamus during adolescence leads to a long-lasting decrease in thalamo-prefrontal projection density and cortical excitation. Adolescent thalamic inhibition also causes prefrontal-dependent cognitive deficits during adulthood that are associated with disrupted prefrontal cross-correlations and task outcome encoding. In contrast, thalamic inhibition during adulthood has no long-lasting consequences. Strikingly, exciting the thalamus in adulthood during a cognitive task rescues prefrontal cross-correlations, task outcome encoding, and cognitive deficits. These data point to adolescence as a sensitive window of thalamo-cortical circuit maturation. Furthermore, by supporting prefrontal network activity, boosting thalamic activity provides a potential therapeutic strategy for rescuing cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Transcriptomes Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Roles of Noncoding RNA in Tanshinones Synthesis Pathway of Salvia Miltiorrhiza
Authors: Lin Caicai , Zhou Changhao , Liu Zhongqian , Li Xingfeng , Song Zhenqiao
Published: August 2021

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play fundamental roles in plant development. However, the information of these noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in Salvia miltiorrhiza remains largely unexplored. In this study, the expression pattern of ncRNAs in six tissues from the same strain of S. miltiorrhiza was analyzed to study the biological function of ncRNAs on active ingredients synthesis.Methods: Analysis of tanshinone content differences of two root simples was carried out on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RNA sequencing, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were applied to analyzing the targets of diferentially expressed ncRNAs in different organs.Results: A total of 6,929 lncRNAs, 6,239 circRNAs, and 360 miRNAs were identified. Forty-eight lncRNAs, 70 miRNAs, and 26 circRNAs expressed differentially between red and white root tissues with significantly different tanshinone content. GO and KEGG pathway analysis of target genes of differently expressed ncRNAs indicated that some target genes are involved in the synthesis pathway of terpene, including diterpene and sesquiterpene. We also found many target genes related to secondary metabolites, including 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate Synthase (SmMCS) and several CYP450s. Furthermore, most target genes may be related to the resistance of pathogens, such as receptor kinases, disease-resistant proteins, and pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins. Conclusions: The present study exhibited the tissue-specific expression patterns of ncRNAs preliminarily in S. miltiorrhiza, which may reflect that the formation of white root or red root is related to regulation by ncRNAs. It would provide a basis for further research about the regulation mechanism in the tanshinone synthesis process.
A Novel Approach based on Lifting Wavelet Transform for MIMO-OFDM Systems
Authors: Tuna Elif Büşra , Tek Yusuf İslam , Ozen Ali
Published: August 2021

In this article, two methods are proposed to further increase the advantages of MIMO-OFDM systems such as high access quality, high data rates and spectral efficiency. The first of these is the combination of the MIMO-OFDM system with the fast Walsh Hadamard transform (FWHT) due to its high accomplishment with the ability to spread the data versus the disturbing influences of the channel. The second is the combination of Lifting wavelet transform (LWT), due to its superior advantages such as good time-frequency localization properties, ICI and ISI suppression capabilities due to its orthonormal structure, unlike fast Fourier transform (FFT), with MIMO-OFDM scheme. Computer simulation studies are carried out to verify the accomplishment of the suggested methods over the bit error rate (BER) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR) benchmark. From the acquired outcomes, it is noticed that approximately 6 dB of SNR gain and approximately 2 dB of PAPR gain are achieved with the proposed method.
Dynamic Response and Failure Mechanism of Layered Thin Plate Rock Mass Under Sustained Dynamic Load
Authors: Li Feng , Chen Chuang , Zhang Yue , Zhao Xin , Dong Xinhui , Sun Runchuan
Published: August 2021

Based on the dual equation of Hamilton system and Duhamel's integral, and the orthogonality of the deflection equations, the mechanical model of homogeneous rectangular thin plate rock mass was established. And the results showed that the effective vibration modes of thin plate granite with four sides fixed were the 1st, 5th and 6th orders under uniform dynamic load, and their vibration frequencies were 310rad/s, 975rad/s and 1309rad/s respectively. Under sustained dynamic load, moreover, the change of the vibration state of the 1st mode was the most sharp, and the positive and negative alternation of its amplitude was the most frequent in the whole period, which had the most obvious effect on the vibration of the thin plate rock mass. Based on the Fourier transform formula, the Fourier series expressions and waveforms of sustained dynamic loads which contained rectangular wave, triangular wave and impact wave were obtained. The vibration characteristics of thin plate rock mass under these three kinds of sustained dynamic loads, the dynamic distribution of deflection, stress and maximum shear stress, as well as the dynamic damage and failure modes were all obtained. The results showed that plate cracks occurred firstly in the middle of the four sides and these cracks would propagate rapidly along the boundary of the thin plate rock mass; and then, plate cracks occurred at the central of the thin plate and the main develop tendency of these cracks was outward along the long central axis, moreover, these cracks also tended to expand outward along the short side central axis. It could be concluded that the initial failure position of the thin plate rock mass could be determined by the 1st effective mode, and the development direction and trend of the damage could be determined by 5th and 6th effective vibration modes; under sustained dynamic load, tensile-shear failure occurred at four sides and shear failure at four corners; The tensile failure occurred in the central area of the thin plate, which developed into a main crack along the central long axis and a secondary crack along the short central axis, forming an " O-十" fracture pattern.
Eating Behaviors Are Associated with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Authors: beigrezaei sara , Mazidi Mohsen , Ferns Gordon A , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Shi Zumin , Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid
Published: August 2021

BackgroundExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common sleep abnormality among adolescents, and it’s associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to explore the relationships between eating behaviors and EDS among female adolscents.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study 988 Iranian adolescent girls aged between 12-18 years old were recruited. Presence of EDS was determined by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and eating behaviors was assessed by a pre-validated questionnaire. To investigate the association between dietary behaviors and the prevalence of EDS, we applied logistic regression analysis in crude and adjusted models (adjustments for age, physical activity, menstruation and second hand smoke and general obesity).ResultsThe prevalence of esccesive daytime sleepiness was obtained 24.3. The participants who consumed a major meal three times daily had a 0.56 lower odds for EDS compared to those who consumed a single major meal (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21- 0.91). Individuals with a ‘high-rate of food chewing’ were less likely to have EDS (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.29 -1.04) compared with low and moderate rate of food chewing. Compared with those who consumed fried or spicy foods daily, individuals who never consumed fried (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 0.55- 5.86) or spicy foods (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 0.55- 5.29) had a greater risk for EDS. In addition, there were direct associations between lower meal regularity (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29- 0.95) and intra-meal fluid intake (OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.2- 7.3) with EDS in adjusted models. Neither in the crude nor in the adjusted models, were there significant associations between breakfast intake and frequency of snack consumption with EDS.Conclusion﻿The lowest frequency of main meal frequency, irregular meal consumption, breakfast skipping, low rate of food chewing, intra-meal fluid intake, and consumption of spicy and fried foods were associated with increased odds of EDS. Further prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.
Therapeutic Targets and Mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction on Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer: Network pharmacology
Authors: ZU Guo-xiu , Sun Keyun , Li Ling , Zu Xiuli , Han Tao , Huang Hailiang
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPrecancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer (PLGC) is a common gastrointestinal tract and digestive systemdisease that lacks effective therapeutic drugs with good curative effects and few adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the advantages of multiple components, multiple channels, and fewer adverse reactions in the treatment of PLGC. Although Banxia xiexin Decoction (BXD) demonstrates a good therapeutic effect on PLGC, the pharmacological mechanism underlying its anticancer effect is still unclear. MethodsWe used a network pharmacology strategy, including the construction and analysis of a complex drug-disease network, to explore the complex mechanism of BXD treatment of PLGC. In addition, molecular docking technology was used to preliminarily study the binding ability of the potential active components and core therapeutic targets of BXD. ResultsThe networkpharmacology results showed 80 targets of BXD that are involved in PLGC. PPI network analysis demonstrated that the top10 core targets were JUN, TP53, MAPK3, MAPK1, TNF, VEGFA, MAPK14, ESR1, NR3C1, and MAPK8. The GO enrichment analysis results showed that the BXD anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory mechanism mainly involves cellular response to organic cyclic compound, response to toxic substance, response to oxidative stress, cellular response to nitrogen compound, response to inorganic substance, and others. The KEGG analysis results indicated that BXD may regulate 167 pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway and pathway in cancer in the treatment of PLGC. The molecular docking resultsshowed that the binding energies of beta sitosterol withMAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK14, JUN, and VEGFA were less than−7.0 kcal·mol−1, indicating a good docking effect. ConclusionsThis study reflects the characteristics of the mechanism of action by which BXD treats PLGC, which includes multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, and provides a biological basis for further verification and a novel perspective for drug discoveryin PLGC.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Prediction of the Risk of Positive Hidden Blood Loss in the Perioperative Period of Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture
Authors: Wang Haosheng , Fan Tingting , Tang Zhi-Ri , Li Wenle , Liu Linjing , Lin Qiang
Published: August 2021

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate an individualized nomogram to predict the risk of positive hidden blood loss (HBL) in patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture (TBF) during the perioperative period.Methods: We conducted a retrospective investigation including 161 consecutive patients with TBL, and the corresponding patient data was extracted from March 2013 to March 2019. The independent risk factors for positive HBL were screened using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. According to published literature and clinical experience, a series of variables were selected to develop a nomogram prediction model for positive HBL. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. Bootstrapping validation was performed to evaluate the performance of the model.Results: Among the 161 consecutive patients, 62 patients were negative for HBL (14.13%). The Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the six risk factors of age, length of surgical incision, duration of operation, percentage of vertebral height restoration (P1%), preoperative total cholesterol, and preoperative fibrinogen were independent risk factors of positive HBL. The C-index was 0.862 (95% CI 0.788–0.903) and 0.8884 in bootstrapping validation, respectively. The calibration curve showed that the predicted probability of the model was consistent with the actual probability. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the nomogram had clinical utility.Conclusion: Overall, we explored the relationship between the positive HBL requirement and predictors: age, duration from admission to surgery, duration of operation, percentages of vertebral height restoration (P1%), preoperative total cholesterol, and preoperative fibrinogen. The individualized prediction model for patients with TBF can accurately assess the risk of positive HBL and facilitate clinical decision making. However, external validation will be needed in the future.
Investigation of Anti-osteoporosis Mechanisms of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification
Authors: Ou Li , Kang Wenqian , Liang Ziyi , Gao Feng , Dong Taiwei , Wei Peifeng , Li Min
Published: August 2021

Background: Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RRP) can effectively improve the symptoms of osteoporosis, but its molecular mechanism for treating osteoporosis is still unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of RRP through network pharmacology.Methods: The overlapping targets of RRP and osteoporosis were screened out using online platforms. A visual network diagram of PPI was constructed and analyzed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding activity of ligands and receptors, and some key genes were randomly verified through pharmacological experiments. Results: According to topological analysis results, AKT1, MAPK1, ESR1, SRC, and MMP9 are key genes for RRP to treat osteoporosis, and they have high binding activity with stigmasterol and sitosterol. The main signal pathways of RRP in the treatment of osteoporosis, including Estrogen signaling pathway, HIF-1 signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway, etc. Results of animal experiments showed that RRP could significantly increase the expression levels of Akt1, ESR1 and SRC-1 mRNA in bone tissue to promote bone formation. Conclusion: This study explained the coordination between multiple components and multiple targets of RRP in the treatment of osteoporosis, and provided new ideas and basis for its clinical application and experimental research.
Serum Calcium-Phosphorus Product for Prediction The Risk of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures in The Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Ying Pu , Gu Mingjia , Jiang Xiaowei , Xu Yue , Lu Tong , Xue Yi , Wang Qiang , Huang Zhihui , Ding Wenge , Dai Xiaoyu
Published: August 2021

Background

This study retrospectively analyzed and evaluated the potential correlation between serum calcium, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product (Ca-P product) and the incidence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), aiming to explore whether Ca-P product can be used as a serological indicator to predict the risk of OVCF.
Methods

This study randomly enrolled 400 elderly patients with OVCF and 400 patients with hip and knee arthroplasty due to femoral head necrosis or osteoarthritis from August 2013 to April 2021 in our hospital. The age, gender, past medical history, and the first-time biochemical indicators at admission including albumin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum calcium and serum phosphorus were collected for statistical analysis.
Results

The albumin, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, Ca-P product, corrected serum calcium and corrected Ca-P product in the OVCF group were lower than those in the Non-OVCF group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low values of serum calcium, serum phosphorus, Ca-P product, corrected blood calcium, and corrected Ca-P product all can be risk factors for OVCF patients. ROC curve showed that Ca-P product and corrected Ca-P product were effective in predicting the risk of OVCF. Among them, the predictive value of Ca-P product was the best, the cut-off point was 29.88, the sensitivity was 0.72 and the specificity was 0.62. The cut-off point of corrected Ca-P product was 30.50, the sensitivity was 0.74, and the specificity was 0.62.
Conclusion

Ca-P product and corrected Ca-P product can be used as serological indicators to predict the risk of OVCF in the elderly. Early clinical interventions targeting this risk factor can further reduce the risk of OVCF.