bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Pipeline Monitoring System Using Flow Sensor Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Herdiyanto Dedy Wahyu , Hardianto Triwahju , Ardiansyah Dimas , Wicaksono Immawan , Cahyadi Widya , Sarwono Catur Suko
Published: August 2024

Pipe leakage is one of the most common problems in agriculture. Especially if the agricultural land is quite large, it will be challenging to determine the location if a leak occurs. Active sensors are not recommended because they do not follow the green computing concept (energy-efficient computing). This study is proposed to use a passive type sensor that is more energy efficient. This study will use a water flow sensor placed at several points in the irrigation pipe network. The water flow sensor was chosen because this sensor works passively and is very accurate in detecting changes in water flow, especially in flowing water. The sensor reading results will be sent using the Internet of Things with a Wi-Fi connection. The collected data results are processed on the server and displayed in an interface that makes it easy for users to monitor water flow through smartphones. The results of the tests that have been carried out show that the designed system has worked as expected. The system can detect the location of the leaking pipe flow and indicate the leaking pipe.
Using machine learning techniques to study of stress, depression, and academic performance of grade 12th students
Authors: Philuek Wudhijaya
Published: August 2024

The objectives of this research were 1) to study the problems of stress and depression among Grade 12 students; 2) to investigate the machine learning technique in analyzing and predicting stress, depression, and academic performance among Grade 12 students; and 3) to evaluate the stress and depression prediction platform. Students from schools in the Secondary Educational Service Areas of Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, and Pichit in Thailand comprised the sampling group, which the researchers recruited through simple random sampling. A total of 510 students volunteered to participate in the questionnaire, while 117 students served as the group for the evaluation platform. The researcher employed a total of three assessments: 1) the Stress Assessment Scale (SPST-20), 2) the Depression Assessment Form 9 Questions (9Q), and 3) the Death Assessment Form (8Q) to gather data and develop the platform. The data analytics process incorporates all assessment results, comparing five techniques to yield the most accurate results. The article presents the research results, which will guide the development of a system and tools for future student monitoring in schools.
An experimental study on improving reading comprehension and analytical writing skills of twelfth-grade students on lexical and collaborative learning in Chinese language courses
Authors: Renjie Deng , Jarutkamolpong Suwisa , Jantharajit Nirat
Published: August 2024

This study explores the practical effects of lexical and collaborative learning on improving reading comprehension and analytical writing skills among twelfth-grade students in Chinese language classes. A sample of 30 students aged 17 to 19 was selected from a public high school in China. The Chinese Reading Comprehension Skills Test Paper (CRCSTP) and the Analytical Writing Skills Assessment Scale (AWSAS) were used to measure students' reading comprehension and analytical writing abilities before and after the experiment, employing a single-group pretest-posttest experimental design. Students' Chinese reading comprehension skills significantly improved after the experiment, with the standard deviation (SD) decreasing from 2.95 to 2.01 and the mean score (X¯) increasing from 16.67 to 18.47. The t-test indicated a substantial improvement (t(29) = -5.34, p < 0.05). Additionally, students' analytical writing abilities showed significant enhancement, with the SD decreasing from 2.34 to 1.79 and X¯ increasing from 17.2 to 20.1. The t-test demonstrated a statistically significant improvement (t(29) = -12.52, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that integrating lexical and collaborative learning into the Chinese language curriculum effectively enhances twelfth-grade students' reading comprehension and analytical writing skills.
In-Plane Design of Non-Circular Triangulated Tensile Spoke Wheels
Authors: Martín-Sáiz Rodrigo , Herrera Blas
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a new in-plane design of non-circular triangulated tensile spoke wheels with two perpendicular symmetry axes, like those used for roofing big sports stadiums, as well as a procedure to define such design. The proposed procedure describes how to define the in-plane
shape and the necessary pre-stressing so that the outer ring behaves like a funicular polygon which has equal-length sides and is uniformly compressed. All in all, this procedure solves the problem of non-circularity of a triangulated spoke wheel by equalising the cross section sizing conditions
of the outer ring to the sizing conditions that a circular structure would have.
An Efficient Progressive Grid Generation Method Considering Internal Quality and Boundary Grid Adjustment
Authors: Wu Chuanjun , Ging Giang , Pang Yan , Gong Jinghai
Published: August 2024

Due to its elegant appearance and high structural efficiency, free-form grid structures are increasingly adopted in architectural design. However, it is a challenging task for engineers to generate a uniform and well-shaped grid on a free-form surface while considering the processing
of both interior and boundary of grid, especially for composite surfaces. To generate well-shaped grids with uniform rods, regular cells and smooth visual effects over free-form surfaces, this paper develops an innovative triangular grid generation method capable of automatically managing
grid boundary with extending initial surface. In the method, nodes of grid structure are considered to be zero mass particles and are progressively added to the extended surface from geometric center to the boundary of surface. A boundary-processing algorithm is then established to evenly
distribute nodes on initial boundary curve, while ensuring that grid cells at the boundary do not exhibit elongation. A mechanical simulation system based on spring-mass model is improved to optimize spatial grid structure, rods of grid are regarded as linear springs, a surface attraction
force and an anchoring force are performed on grid nodes. Moreover, the proposed method allows architects change grid direction and rods length easily, which can greatly improve the efficiency of design. Several case studies show that the method can effectively avoid distortion of grids and
generate well-shaped grids that can meet aesthetic requirements.
Unraveling the Immune Response Dynamics of Leishmaniasis: Insights, Challenges, and Vaccine Development
Authors: Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Arozarena-Fundora Rodolfo , Gopaul Darren , Soodeen Sachin , Thompson Reinand , Asin-Milan Odalis , Unakal Chandrashekhar , Kurhade Arvind
Published: August 2024

Leishmaniasis, comprising cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms, is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species via sandfly bites, leading to skin ulcers and mucosal damage. Traditional treatments include antiparasitic drugs such as pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, and miltefosine, with immunotherapy and chemotherapy being explored for enhanced efficacy and reduced relapse. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) balances IFN-γ and IL-10, affecting severity, while cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) shows varied IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios influencing prognosis. Cytokines and chemokines are diagnostic and prognostic markers in CL. Research into neutrophils and the NLRP3 inflammasome informs Th1/Th2 response regulation. Live attenuated LdCen-/- parasites and genetically modified vaccines show promise, with miR-21 as a potential efficacy biomarker. Understanding cytokine networks is crucial for new treatment strategies.
Immunolocalization of Aquaporins 1, 2, and 9 in Anuran Testis of the Neotropical Pointedbelly Frog Leptodactylus podicipinus
Authors: Bordin Rafael Oliveira Alves , Oliveira Classius de , Domeniconi Raquel Fantin
Published: August 2024

Many anuran strategies for survival involve hydric regulation, and reproduction is not different. The aquaporin (AQP) family plays an important role in water transport and regulation in many tissues, including the male gonad. The testis undergoes various stages of change during the reproductive cycle, and water balance is an important factor in ensuring reproductive success. Considering the relevance of water control in testicular development in anurans and the lack of research regarding the tissue localization of AQP in the male gonad, the present study investigated the expression of three AQPs (1,2, and 9) in the testis of the neotropical anuran species Leptodactylus podicipinus during two different periods of the reproductive cycle. AQP1 and 2 immunoreactions were found in early germ cells, spermatozoa, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells, which were strongly associated with the reproductive period. AQP1 was also found in the testicular blood vessels. AQP 9 was identified predominantly in the epithelium of the intratesticular ducts of reproductive period individuals. The study present, for the first time, the localization of AQP1, AQP2, and AQP9 in the testis of an anuran species, and the differences in their location during two distinct periods of the reproductive cycle.
Overview of Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles, Its Synthesis, Functions, Mechanism, Models Used in Toxicological Studies and Disposal Methods- a Review
Authors: Chandoliya Rakhi , Sharma Shivika , Sharma Vikas , Joshi Rohit , Sivanesan Iyyakkannu
Published: August 2024

Due to its intriguing applications across a wide range of industries, nanotechnology is generating a lot of interest globally. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are one type of nanoparticle (NP) that is commonly utilised in everyday use and can be produced using a variety of physical, chemical, and environmentally friendly techniques. Green synthesis is an economical, environmentally benign, and non-toxic method of synthesising NPs. Under normal circumstances, the application of TiO2 greatly enhanced the plants' shoot length, leaf area, and root dry weight. These growth-promoting factors coincided with elevated proline, soluble sugar, and chlorophyll B levels as well as improved antioxidant enzyme activity. Thus, higher levels of proline and other metabolites played a role in osmo-protection, while increased antioxidant enzyme activities helped to explain the observed decrease in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents. Taken together, these factors significantly improved plant growth under salinity. TiO2 nanoparticles have demonstrated efficacy in treating contaminated water and have been shown to positively impact plant physiology, particularly in response to abiotic stresses. However, the reaction to these nanoparticles varies depending on characteristics such as metal species, type, size, shape, dose, duration of exposure, and other variables. One of the most popular nanomaterials in customer goods, agricultural, and energy industries is TiO2 NPs. Therefore, harm to ecosystems and living things will unavoidably result from high demand and widespread usage. Gaining more knowledge about the toxicity of TiO2 NP to living things could help with risk assessments and safe handling procedures for these nanoparticles. The synthesis of titanium oxide, its many uses, the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and their mode of toxicity are all summarised in this paper.
Histaminergic System Activity in the Central Nervous System (CNS) – the Role in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Szukiewicz Dariusz
Published: August 2024

Histamine (HA), a biogenic monoamine, exerts its pleiotropic effects through four H1R–H4R histamine receptors, which are also expressed in brain tissue. Together with the projections of HA-producing neurons located within the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), which innervate most areas of the brain, they constitute the histaminergic system. Thus, while remaining a mediator of the inflammatory reaction and immune system function, HA also acts as a neurotransmitter and a modulator of other neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system (CNS). Although the detailed causes are still not fully understood, neuroinflammation seems to play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative (neuropsychiatric) diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Given the increasing prevalence/diagnosis of these disorders and their socioeconomic impact, the need to develop effective forms of therapy has focused researchers' attention on the brain's histaminergic activity and other related signaling pathways. This review presents the current state of knowledge concerning the involvement of HA and the histaminergic system within the CNS in the development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
Sedentary Life Is an Invisible Trap: Molecular, Cellular, and Systemic Reasons to Leave It Behind
Authors: Diniz Daniel Guerreiro , Bento-Torres João , Da Costa Victor Oliveira , Carvalho Josilayne Patrícia Ramos , Tomás Alessandra Mendonça , Galdino de Oliveira Thaís Cristina , Soares Fernanda Cabral , de Macedo Liliane Dias e Dias , Jardim Naina Yuki Vieira , Bento-Torres Natáli Valim Oliver , Anthony Daniel C. , Brites Dora , Picanço-Diniz Cristovam Wanderley
Published: August 2024

As the global population ages, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has become a major public health concern. The adoption of a less sedentary lifestyle has been shown to have a beneficial effect on cognitive decline, but the molecular mechanisms responsible are less clear. Here we provide a detailed analysis of the complex molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline and how lifestyle choices influence these processes. A review of the evidence from animal models, human studies, and postmortem analyses emphasizes the importance of integrating physical exercise with cognitive, multisensory, and motor stimulation as part of a multifaceted approach to mitigating cognitive decline. We highlight the potential of these non-pharmacological interventions to address key aging hallmarks—such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, and neuroinflammation—and underscore the need for comprehensive and personalized strategies to promote cognitive resilience and healthy aging.
The Finite–Time Turnpike Property in Machine Learning
Authors: Gugat Martin
Published: August 2024

The finite-time turnpike property describes the situation in an optimal control problem where an optimal trajectory reaches the desired state before the end of the time interval and remains there.

We consider a machine learning problem with a neural ordinary differential equation that can be seen as a homogenization of a deep ResNet.

We show that with appropriate scaling of the quadratic control cost and the non-smooth tracking term the optimal control problem has the finite-time turnpike property, that is the desired state is reached in the interior of the time interval and the optimal state remains there until the terminal time $T$.

This property is useful to achieve a compromise between the depth of the network and the size of the optimal system parameters which we hope will be useful to determine optimal depths for neural network architectures in the future.
Morphological and Metabolic Features of Brain Aging in Mammals
Authors: Lepore Gianluca , Succu Sara , Cappai Maria Grazia , Frau Adele , Senes Alice , Zedda Marco , Farina Vittorio , Gadau Sergio Domenico
Published: August 2024

Brain aging in mammals is characterized by morphological and functional changes of neural cells. Macroscopically, this process leading to progressive cerebral volume loss and functional decline, includes memory and motor neuron defiance and behavioral disorders as well. Morphologically, brain aging is associated with aged neurons and astrocytes, appearing enlarged and flattened, and expressing an enhanced pH-dependent β-galactosidase activity. Multiple mechanisms are considered hallmarks of cellular senescence in vitro. Among them, cell cycle arrest, increased lysosomal activity, telo-mere shortening, oxidative stress and DNA damage. The most common markers for senescence identification were identified in: i) proteins implicated in cell cycle arrest, such as p16, p21, p53 ii) increased lysosomal mass iii) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expression. Finally, dys-functional autophagy, a process occurring during aging, contributes to alter brain homeostasis. The aim of this review is to summarize and update the most recent knowledge about brain aging with a comparative approach, where similarities and differences in some mammalian species are considered.
3D Printing/Bioprinting and Cellular Therapies for Regenerative Medicine: Current Advances
Authors: Sousa Ana Catarina , Alvites Rui , Lopes Bruna , Sousa Patrícia , Moreira Alícia , Coelho André , Santos José Domingos , Atayde Luís , Alves Nuno , Maurício Ana Colette
Published: August 2024

The application of three-dimensional (3D) printing/bioprinting technologies and cell therapies has garnered significant attention due to their potential in the field of regenerative medicine. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of 3D printing/bioprinting technology and cell therapies, highlighting their results in diverse medical applications, while also discussing the capabilities and limitations of their combined use. The synergistic combination of 3D printing and cellular therapies has been recognised as a promising and innovative approach, and it is expected that these technologies will progressively assume a crucial role in the treatment of various diseases and conditions in the foreseeable future. This review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the future impact of these technologies, highlighting their potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine through enhanced tissue repair and organ replacement strategies.
Protective Efficacy of Live-Attenuated ASFV Vaccine Strains against the Emerging Recombinant ASFV Genotype I/II Strain in Vietnam
Authors: Diep Nguyen Van , Duc Nguyen Van , Ngoc Nguyen Thi , Vu Dang Xuan , Tiep Tran Ngoc , Nguyen Viet Dung , Than Thi Tam , Maydaniuk Dustin , Goonewardene Kalhari , Ambagala Aruna , Le Van Phan
Published: August 2024

African swine fever virus (ASFV) continues to spread globally causing severe economic losses to the pig farmers. Vietnam licensed two live attenuated vaccines based on the ASFV strains ASFV-G-ΔI177L and ASFV-G-ΔMGF, to control the ongoing ASF outbreaks. In 2023, newly emerging highly virulent recombinant ASFV viruses containing genetic elements from both ASFV p72 genotype I and II (rASFV I/II) strains were reported from Northern Vietnam. This study evaluated if the two vaccine strains were able to protect the pigs against the emerging rASFV I/II strain VNUA/rASFV/TN1/23. Pigs vaccinated with ASFV-G-ΔMGF or ASFV-G-ΔI177L, when challenged with rASFV I/II, succumbed to the infection, or developed signs of chronic ASF. The findings from this study show that both vaccine strains that are licensed and used in Vietnam, are unlikely to protect pigs from the emerging highly virulent rASFV I/II strains. This complicates the ongoing efforts to control ASF in Asia and globally and emphasizes the urgent need for a novel vaccine that can effectively protect pigs from the rASFV I/II strains.
Apocalyptic Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis with the Generating Function for Prime Numbers
Authors: Jalali Koutanaei Mojtaba
Published: August 2024

The Riemann zeta function plays a crucial role in number theory and its applications. The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) posits that zeros of other than the trivial ones are located on the line defined by the equation Re(s) =1/2. This paper introduces a novel and straightforward proof of the Riemann Hypothesis. The proof employs a standard method, utilizing the eta function in place of the zeta function, under the assumption that the real part is greater than zero. The equation for the real and imaginary parts of the Riemann zeta function (eta function) is completely separated. Initially, let with s= . The value of the real part is determined by solving the equation, and the process is repeated for identifying the potential roots shared by the two functions, a common value is obtained, leading to a =1/2, which represents the real part of the main root of the function ζ(s). By plotting the zeta function for the obtained a, it is determined that the function has a root only at a =1/2. In another analysis, by identifying the roots of the common potential between the two functions ζ(s) and ζ(1-s), a common value is obtained, which leads to a =1/2. This value represents the real part of the main root of the function ζ(s). Additionally, using a standard method and with the help of two functions ζ(s) and ζ(1-s), the real part of the root of the zeta function is obtained. To create a generator function for prime numbers in terms of b, one can solve the root of the zeta function where it equals one (i.e., and obtain a relationship between b’ and prime numbers. Giving the value of zeta equal to one and s' = a' + ib’, similar to zeta equal to zero, the roots are again placed on the line. Then, by using the zeta function defined by multiplying prime numbers, we arrive at a new meaningful relation between b’ and its corresponding prime number is obtained.
Production of Immunoglobulin Y Antibodies and Their Application in an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Evaluation of Humoral Immunity in Colossoma macropomum against Flavobacterium oreochromis
Authors: Corado Maria Vitória Lobo , Pereira Elcimara Cardoso , Botinelly Taísa Freitas , Glória Juliane Corrêa , de Sousa Rafael Luckwu , Corado André de Lima Guerra , Balieiro Antônio Alcirley da Silva , Mariúba Luís André Morais , Gallani Silvia Umeda , Tavares Guilherme Campos
Published: August 2024

Infections with Flavobacterium oreochromis pose risks to Colossoma macropomum production. Since no treatment exists, prophylaxis through vaccination is the only form for disease control. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used in aquaculture to assess animal immunity and mainly to validate vaccination protocols. The method based on the use of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is an alternative to consider due to its advantages over antibodies produced by small mammals. This study aimed to standardize an indirect ELISA (iELISA) protocol to validate the immunization of C. macropomum against F. oreochromis. A hen and fish were immunized to obtain anti-C. macropomum and anti-F. oreochromis antibodies, which were used to standardize the test. The iELISA was composed of the inactivated bacteria in the coating step, C. macropomum anti-Flavobacterium oreochromis as the primary antibody, and anti-C. macropomum IgY as the secondary antibody. The results demonstrate that the highest antibody titers were among the immunized groups, which were bacterin + adjuvant and bacterin. The iELISA enabled the detection of antibodies produced by C. macropomum, which were mediated by IgY specificity.
Energy of the Moving Particles in 3-Body Problem of Classical Electrodynamics
Authors: Angelov Vasil Georgiev
Published: August 2024

In previous papers we have derived equations of motion with radiation terms and proved the existence-uniqueness of periodic solution of the 3-body problem of classical electrodynamics. The number of equations of motion – 12 is more than the number of unknown functions – 9. It turns out that 9 equations are independent and the rest 3 ones are consequences of them. These three equations have a solution and they give the expressions for the energy of the moving particles. The main goal of the present paper is to estimate the energy of rounding about the nuclei particles and compare it with the values given by quantum mechanics.
Inheritance of the Flesh Color and Shape of the Tuberous Root of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.)
Authors: Morales Alfredo , Vargas Iván Javier Pastrana , Del-Sol Dania Rodríguez , Villafaña Orelvis Portal , García Yoel Beovides , García Yuniel Rodríguez , Medina Alay Jiménez , Valdivies Yusbiel León , Chávez Vaniert Ventura
Published: August 2024

The continued success of any conventional sweet potato breeding program is limited to knowledge of the inheritance of the traits studied, such as flesh color and tuberous root shape, because it is difficult to fractionate color frequencies by visual separation. The objective was to understand the mode of inheritance of these genetic traits. The crossing blocks were established at the Research Institute of Tropical Roots and Tuber Crops (INIVIT-Cuba). Eight parental genotypes of known compatibility were selected, with contrasting phenotypic characteristics to develop seg-regating populations. To express color objectively, the CIE L*a*b* color space was used (L*: lumi-nosity; a* and b*: chromatic coordinates), in addition, four morphometric variables associated with the shape and dimensions of the tuberous roots were evaluated. From 2419 reciprocal cross-es, 2045 botanical seeds and 1764 seedlings were obtained. Incomplete dominance of the white and purple flesh colors over the orange color was observed, as well as transgressive segregation for purple, orange and white flesh colours, and for the shape of the tuberous roots. The results al-lowed to propose a genetic model of biparental crosses to improve the flesh color of I. batatas, as well as a predictive formula of the progenies to be selected.
INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF FURNACES FOR PROCESSING SECONDARY ALUMINIUM
Authors: Tarasenko Mykola , Tarasenko Oleksandr
Published: August 2024

The article examines the current state and prospects of aluminum production in Ukraine and the world. It is shown that the production of secondary aluminum in Ukraine is economically feasible and its share is constantly increasing. The analysis of information sources showed that the demand for aluminum is constantly growing, but due to the increase in energy prices, the cost of production has increased significantly, which has led to a decrease in the volume of its production. Therefore, it is necessary to implement measures to improve the production process, which will allow to increase the level of energy saving in the production of metal. An analysis of the heat balance of the melting furnace for the production of secondary aluminum was carried out. The analysis of the heat balance showed that in the production process there are significant energy losses due to the insufficient use of heat in the technological process, including the heat of the combustion products, which is either not used effectively or not used at all. The main methods of increasing the energy efficiency of melting furnaces are considered and a list of measures to improve their operation is proposed, which will reduce the cost of metal production. Schemes for heat utilization of waste gases from melting furnaces are calculated and designed. The heat balance of the furnace before and after modernization was compiled. Calculations of the heating surface of the recuperator-air heater have been performed.
Familial Social Support and Psychological Well-being among Indonesian University Students
Authors: Widiyastuti  , Hardita Kusumaningrum
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the relationship between familial social support and psychological well-being among students at the University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Despite the significance of social support in enhancing well-being, gaps persist in understanding its impact on university students. The aim is to address this gap by examining the correlation between family social support and psychological well-being among students. Using a quantitative research approach, data were collected from 263 active students through nonprobability sampling. Analysis involved Pearson product-moment correlation with SPSS 25. Findings revealed a significant positive correlation (p = 0.019), indicating that higher familial support enhances psychological well-being. The study also yielded an R-squared value of 0.021, suggesting that 2.1% of psychological well-being variance is attributed to social support. Most students exhibited moderate levels of familial social support (51.3%) and psychological well-being (61.6%). Implications include the importance of family support in promoting students' well-being, highlighting the need for interventions to strengthen familial bonds and support systems to enhance student mental health and academic performance.
Highlight:

Family support enhances student well-being, vital for academic success.

Quantitative analysis confirms positive correlation between family support and well-being.

Study recommends interventions to bolster familial bonds for student resilience.

Kywoard: Familial social support, Psychological well-being, University students, Correlation analysis, Intervention implications.
Mahar Viral di Media Sosial dalam Pandangan Tokoh Nahdlatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah Ponorogo
Authors: Roshidah Maya , Rohmanu Abid
Published: August 2024

Marriage dowry in Islam is not determined form and amount, anything can be used as a dowry with the condition that the dowry is beneficial to women. But the reality of the issue of marriage dowry is not reflected as the norm, namely the emergence of dowry crowbar, shroud, three chicken eggs, a cup of coffee and a glass of water. The purpose of this study was to determine the views of NU and Muhammadiyah leaders on the existence of viral dowry, because the dowry was not in accordance with the prevailing customs in the community. This type of research is a field research (field research) to obtain the required data, this study uses data collection techniques with interviews and documentation. From the results of the study concluded that the views of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah leaders on viral dowry on social media are that they have similarities and differences, namely similarities in terms of their abilities if they use the dowry, and have differences namely Ahmad munir who does not allow using philosophy on the dowry, and Badrus Soleh who allows if both of them are equally willing and only have the object to be used as a dowry. Furthermore, they are in ber-istinbãth Nahdlatul Ulama law using the method of qoulī, which refers to the book of jurisprudence of the imams of the school of the book of fatò al qarib. While Muhammadiyah refers directly to the Qur'an, namely surat An-Nisa’ verse 34 and Hadith narrated by Abu Dawud.
Revolutionizing Seizure Detection and Monitoring in IoT-Connected Smart Healthcare: Advanced CNN Models and IoT Sensors
Authors: M Karpagam , M Naresh Kumar , K Valarmathi , A Ramathilagam , J Jeffin Gracewell , Kakarla Praveena , Subburayalu Gopalakrishnan
Published: August 2024

In the area of smart healthcare services in IoT-connected smart cities, the integration of cutting-edge CNN models such as DenseNet201, ResNet152V2, and MobileNetV2 with innovative IoT technology for automated seizure detection and monitoring through EEG data analysis. Leveraging a three-layer architecture encompassing device, edge server, and global cloud layers, this study has introduced a novel method to monitor patients' health conditions. The implementation of a cropping training strategy enhances deep learning model efficiency in scenarios with limited data. Notably, the classification accuracy of 2 level CNN models, particularly DenseNet201, reaches remarkable heights, with seizure detection rates ranging from 99.26% to 99.51%, and non-seizure accuracy spanning 99.25% to 99.46%. These models excel in precision for seizure identification, with values between 99.33% and 99.53%, and they exhibit robust recall, particularly 2 level CNN DenseNet201 with 99.24%. The use of Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) further affirms their precision and robustness, with values ranging from approximately 98.53% to 99.19%. This approach, combining advanced CNN models with IoT technology, holds great promise for efficient seizure detection and monitoring, while the assessment of energy consumption and task processing times underlines the importance of model selection and edge server configurations in optimizing system performance.
Sensitivity of Cercospora spp. to SDHI, QoI, DMI and SBI fungicides and resistance to QoI fungicides in Brazil
Authors: Silva Monikéli Aparecida da , Mathioni Sandra Maria , de Mello Flávia Elis , Antunes Ricardo Francisco Dejardins , Deuner Carolina Cardoso
Published: August 2024

The most widely used control strategy for PSS (Purple Seed Stain) and CLB (Cercospora Leaf Blight), caused by the fungus Cercospora, is fungicides, which are essential for managing these diseases. However, cases of reduced sensitivity of these fungi to fungicides have been reported, as well as an increase in mutations for different chemical groups. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the sensitivity of fungal species to the main fungicides used in soybean crops and identify the presence of mutations. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity alteration of Cercospora spp. species in response to different fungicides, as well as to identify the G143A mutation in the cytb gene, related to resistance to the QoI chemical group. Isolates of Cercospora spp. were collected from different soybean-producing regions in Brazil. To determine the sensitivity of the isolates, the effective concentration (EC50) was determined in vitro using fungicides from different chemical groups, including SDHI, QoI, DMI, and SBI. The fungicide concentrations added to the PDA culture medium were: 1 mg.L-1, 10 mg.L-1, 50 mg.L-1, and 100 mg.L-1, with a control treatment of 0 mg.L-1. For the identification of the G143A mutation in the cytb gene, genetic sequencing was performed on 29 isolates. The SDHI fungicides showed EC50 values ranging from 53.91 to 100 mg.L-1 for Cercospora spp., indicating reduced sensitivity. The AZB fungicide (QoI) presented an EC50 value of 100 mg.L-1 for the tested species, which were insensitive. The DMI fungicides showed variations in EC50 values (0.12 to 100 mg.L-1), with species exhibiting variable sensitivity. The FPM fungicide (SBI) showed the lowest EC50 values <1 mg.L-1, with species being extremely sensitive. Resistance mutations in the G143A gene were detected in 86% of the isolates. Therefore, the results show that Cercospora species exhibited variations in sensitivity to fungicides, with DFZ, MFTZ, and FPM fungicides being the most fungitoxic and BFZ, BIX, FXD, PFF, and AZB being the least fungitoxic. The identification of the G143A mutation in the isolates underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and the use of practices that contribute to resistance management.
HSP60 controls mitochondrial ATP generation for optimal virus-specific IL-21-producing CD4 and cytotoxic CD8 memory T cell responses
Authors: Grevenynghe julien van , Ghahari Nazanin , Shegefti Saina , Alaei Mahsa , Amara Amine , Telittchenko Roman , Isnard Stephane , Routy Jean-Pierre , Olagnier David
Published: August 2024

We have shown that virus-specific CD4 and CD8 memory T cells (TM) induce autophagy after T cell receptor (TCR) engagement to provide free glutamine and fatty acids, including in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). These nutrients fuel mitochondrial ATP generation through glutaminolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathways, to fulfill the bioenergetic demands for optimal IL-21 and cytotoxic molecule production in CD4 and CD8 cells, respectively. Here, we expand our knowledge on how the metabolic events that occur in the mitochondria of virus-specific TM down-stream of the autophagy are regulated. We show that HSP60 chaperone positively regulates the protein levels for multiple glutaminolysis- and FAO-related enzymes, thereby actively fueling the levels of cellular alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) and related mitochondrial ATP-dependent antiviral T cell immunity in both CD4 and CD8 TM. Finally, we provide a way to rescue defective ATP generation in mitochondria and dependent effector functions in virus-specific TM including anti-HIV-1 protective responses, when HSP60 expression is impaired after TCR engagement in patients, in the form of dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate (DMKG) supplementation.
Historical and future winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees in Afghanistan
Authors: Shinwari Atifullah , Caspersen Lars , Schiffers Katja , Luedeling Eike
Published: August 2024

Temperate fruit trees require exposure to chill and heat conditions to overcome the dormant period in winter and resume growth in spring. Rising temperatures due to climate change have already impacted winter chill accumulation in horticulturally vital growing regions worldwide. Afghanistan’s intra-regional differences make the country favorable for producing a wide range of fruits and nuts, which constitute approximately 30% of the country's total export earnings. However, expected future temperature increases may be detrimental to the trees’ ability to fulfill their chilling requirements. To quantify this risk, we computed and mapped historical and future chill accumulation in Afghanistan. For this purpose, we used long-term daily temperature data from 1980 to 2020 for 51 hydrometeorological stations across the country. Based on the temperature data, we produced four future Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) for five General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). We used the RMAWGEN weather generator to produce 100 synthetic realizations of weather records for historical (1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020) and future conditions (2035–2065 and 2070–2100). We quantified winter chill using the Dynamic Model. Additionally, we computed Safe Winter Chill (SWC), which is defined as the level of chill that is expected to be exceeded in 90% of years. We found that SWC has decreased in the low-lying regions mainly in the eastern, southern, and parts of the northern regions, and is projected to further decrease in the future. This reveals a possible future chill risk for high chill-requiring cultivars of different fruit and nut species, including apricot, peach, plum, pistachio and almond, in these regions. In contrast, we recorded an increase in SWC in the northern and central regions, marking these regions as potentially favorable for high-chill species in the future. Our findings support fruit and nut growers in Afghanistan in adapting their orchards to match species’ and cultivars' chill requirements with the expected future winter chill.
Diversity and biological Potential of endophytes of Pterocarpus erinaceus used in Benin (West Africa): A Step Towards Conservation and New Pharmacological Resources
Authors: Aliou Sophia , Fanou Brice , KLOTOE Jean Robert , Agbodjento Eric , Dougnon Victorien , Gbesso Norbert , Yangambele Toussaint , Hinnilo Curiace , Sovègnon Toussaint , Akotègnon Remi , Yemadje Alda , Nonviho Guevara , Fagbohoun Louis , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: August 2024

Background Pterocarpus erinaceus is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Benin, treating various diseases such as diabetes, ulcers, parasitic infections, hypertension, and infertility. This plant is under strong anthropogenic pressure due to its overexploitation, putting it in danger of extinction. The study aims to explore the diversity and biological potential of endophytes of Pterocarpus erinaceus, with the aim of discovering new pharmacological resources while contributing to the conservation of this valuable species.Methods Fresh leaves, stems and roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus, collected in two phytogeographical zones of Benin, Savalou and Abomey-Calavi of Benin, were sterilized to eliminate surface microorganisms prior to cultivation and isolation of endophytes. Isolated endophytes were tested for various enzymatic activities (catalase, cellulase, protease, lipase and amylase) and their antibacterial activities were evaluated by measuring inhibition diameters. The content of total polyphenols and flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometry.Results The results showed that bacterial endophytes have a higher colonization (80.55%) and isolation (69.44%) rates than fungal endophytes (44.44% and 50% respectively). Bacterial endophytes expressed more enzymatic activities such as lecithinase and amylase, whereas fungal endophytes showed little. Only two fungal isolates (HT1a and HF2b) showed antibacterial activity, and one isolate (HF2b) showed antifungal action against Candida albicans, while no bacterial isolate demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. Fungal isolates show significant variation in polyphenol content, while bacterial isolates show similar levels. As far as flavonoids are concerned, bacterial strains such as F3b and SR2C have high levels, unlike fungal endophytes which contain very few.Conclusion These results underscore the importance of conserving Pterocarpus erinaceus while exploring its endophytes for potential therapeutic applications.
The Mandarin Chinese Speech Database: A Large Corpus for Auditory Neutral Nonsense Pseudo-Sentences
Authors: Zhou Anqi , Li Qiuhong , Wu Chao
Published: August 2024

Word frequency, context, and length are three core elements that impact speech perception. Considering the limitations of previous Chinese stimulus databases, such as non-standardized sentence structures, uncontrolled emotional information that may exist in semantics, and a relatively small number of voice items, we developed an abundant and reliable Chinese Mandarin nonsense pseudo-sentences database with fixed syntax (pronoun + subject + adverbial + predicate + pronoun + object), lengths (6 two-character words), and high-frequency words in daily life. The high-frequency keywords (subject, predicate, and object) were extracted from China Daily. Ten native Chinese participants (five women and five men) evaluated the sentences. After removing sentences with potential emotional and semantic content valence, 3,148 meaningless neutral sentence text remained. The sentences were recorded by six native speakers (three males and three females) with broadcasting experience in a neutral tone. After examining and standardizing all the voices, 18,820 audio files were included in the corpus (https://osf.io/ra3gm/?view_only=98c3b6f1ee7747d3b3bcd60313cf395f). For each speaker, 12 acoustic parameters (duration, F0 mean, F0 standard deviation, F0 minimum, F0 maximum, harmonics-to-noise ratio, jitter, shimmer, in-tensity, root-mean-square amplitude, spectral center of gravity, and spectral spread) were retrieved, and there were significant gender differences in the acoustic features (all p < 0.001). This database could be valuable for researchers and clinicians to investigate rich topics, such as children’s reading ability, speech recognition abilities in different populations, and oral cues for orofacial movement training in stutterers.
A case of consumption coagulopathy during pregnancy due to leiomyoma degeneration
Authors: Kumagai Asako , Takeda Jun , Kawata Misato , Masaoka Shun , Yamamoto Yuka , Itakura Astuo
Published: August 2024

Background: Consumption coagulopathy during pregnancy is a very rare condition associated with an elevated risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The incidence of pregnancies complicated by leiomyomas is increasing as infertility treatments advance. Degeneration is a complication of leiomyomas during pregnancy. We encountered a leiomyoma degeneration-induced consumption coagulopathy during pregnancy that may have caused fetal periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).
Case presentation: a 42-year-old nulliparous woman with two leiomyomas was admitted to the hospital at 17 weeks and 5 days with leiomyoma degeneration and threatened preterm labour. Blood examination revealed severe inflammation, very low fibrinogenlevels, increased D-dimer levels, and prolonged PT-INR. These data suggested consumption coagulopathy; therefore, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and dried human fibrinogen were administered, and the patient recovered from consumption coagulopathy. She was discharged once the inflammation improved by 19 weeks of gestation. At 41 weeks, the baby was delivered using forceps because of a non-reassuring fetal status (NRFS). The newborn had severe asphyxia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 6 revealed a PVL. In this case, the timing of the coagulopathy consumption was too early for the development of PVL but the duration from delivery was too short to develop PVL.
Conclusion: Consumption coagulopathy might cause not only acute placental hypoxia, but also chronic placental hypoxia, which might have caused PVL in the most susceptible interval.
Rational Development of Fingolimod Nano-embedded Microparticles as Nose-to-Brain Neuroprotective Therapy for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Su Guangpu , Shao Zitong , Chan Ho Wan , Li Si , Chow Stephanie , Tsang Chi Kwan , Chow Shing Fung
Published: August 2024

Ischemic stroke is one of the major diseases causing varying degrees of dysfunction and disability worldwide. The current management of ischemic stroke poses significant challenges due to short therapeutic windows and limited efficacy, leading to a pressing need for novel neuroprotective treatment strategies. Previous studies have shown that fingolimod (FIN) is a promising neuroprotective drug. Here, we report the rational development of FIN nano-embedded nasal powders using full factorial design experiments, aiming to provide rapid neuroprotection after ischemic stroke. Flash nanoprecipitation was employed to produce FIN nanosuspensions with the aid of polyvinylpyrrolidone and cholesterol as stabilizers. The optimized nanosuspension was subsequently spray-dried into a dry powder, which exhibited excellent redispersibility (RdI = 1.09 ± 0.04) and satisfactory drug deposition in the olfactory region using a customized 3D-printed nasal cast and an Alberta Idealized Nasal Inlet model. The safety of the optimized FIN dry powder was confirmed in cytotoxicity studies with nasal and brain cells, while the neuroprotective effects were demonstrated by observed behavioral improvements and reduced cerebral infarct size in an established mouse stroke model. The neuroprotective effect was further evidenced by increased expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins CC3 and BAX in brain peri-infarct tissues. Our findings highlight the potential of nasal delivery of FIN nano-embedded dry powder as a rapid neuroprotective treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke.