bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An umbrella review of health outcomes following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ogonah Maya G. T. , Botchway Stella , Yu Rongqin , Schofield Peter W. , Fazel Seena
Published: January 2025

While numerous reviews have assessed the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and various mental and physical health outcomes, a comprehensive evaluation of the scope, validity, and quality of evidence is lacking. Here we present an umbrella review of a wide range of health outcomes following TBI and outline outcome risks across subpopulations. On 17 May 2023, we searched Embase, Medline, Global Health, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We compared risk ratios across different outcomes for risks compared with people without TBI and examined study quality, including heterogeneity, publication bias, and prediction intervals. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023432255). We identified 24 systematic reviews and meta-analyses covering 24 health outcomes in 31,397,958 participants. The current evidence base indicates an increased risk of multiple mental and physical health outcomes, including psychotic disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, suicide, and depression. Three outcomes—dementia, violence perpetration, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—had meta-analytical evidence of at least moderate quality, which suggest targets for more personalized assessment. Health-care services should review how to prevent adverse long-term outcomes in TBI.
The Asgard archaeal ESCRT-III system forms helical filaments and remodels eukaryotic-like membranes
Authors: Melnikov Nataly , Junglas Benedikt , Halbi Gal , Nachmias Dikla , Zerbib Erez , Gueta Noam , Upcher Alexander , Zalk Ran , Sachse Carsten , Bernheim-Groswasser Anne , Elia Natalie
Published: January 2025

The ESCRT machinery mediates membrane remodeling in numerous processes in cells including cell division and nuclear membrane reformation. The identification of ESCRT homologs in Asgard archaea, currently considered the closest prokaryotic relative of eukaryotes, implies a role for ESCRTs in the membrane remodeling processes that occurred during eukaryogenesis. Yet, the function of these distant ESCRT homologs is mostly unresolved. Here we show that Asgard ESCRT-III proteins of the Lokiarcheota self-assemble into helical filaments, a hallmark of the ESCRT system. We determined the cryo-EM structure of the filaments at 3.6 Å resolution and found that they share features of bacterial and eukaryotic ESCRT-III assemblies. Markedly, Asgard ESCRT-III filaments bound and deformed eukaryotic-like membrane vesicles. Oligonucleotides facilitated the assembly of ESCRT-III filaments and tuned the extent of membrane remodeling. The ability of Asgard archaeal ESCRTs to remodel eukaryotic-like membranes, which are fundamentally different from archaeal membranes, and the structural properties of these proteins places them at the junction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
MCTS2 and distinct eIF2D roles in uORF-dependent translation regulation revealed by in vitro re-initiation assays
Authors: Meurs Romane , De Matos Mara , Bothe Adrian , Guex Nicolas , Weber Tobias , Teleman Aurelio A , Ban Nenad , Gatfield David
Published: January 2025

Ribosomes scanning from the mRNA 5′ cap to the start codon may initiate at upstream open reading frames (uORFs), decreasing protein biosynthesis. Termination at a uORF can lead to re-initiation, where 40S subunits resume scanning and initiate another translation event downstream. The noncanonical translation factors MCTS1-DENR participate in re-initiation at specific uORFs, but knowledge of other trans-acting factors or uORF features influencing re-initiation is limited. Here, we establish a cell-free re-initiation assay using HeLa lysates to address this question. Comparing in vivo and in vitro re-initiation on uORF-containing reporters, we validate MCTS1-DENR-dependent re-initiation in vitro. Using this system and ribosome profiling in cells, we found that knockdown of the MCTS1-DENR homolog eIF2D causes widespread gene deregulation unrelated to uORF translation, and thus distinct to MCTS1-DENR-dependent re-initiation regulation. Additionally, we identified MCTS2, encoded by an Mcts1 retrogene, as a DENR partner promoting re-initiation in vitro, providing a plausible explanation for clinical differences associated with DENR vs. MCTS1 mutations in humans.
The proximity-based protein interactome and regulatory logics of the transcription factor p65 NF-κB/RELA
Authors: Leib Lisa , Juli Jana , Jurida Liane , Mayr-Buro Christin , Priester Jasmin , Weiser Hendrik , Wirth Stefanie , Hanel Simon , Heylmann Daniel , Weber Axel , Schmitz M Lienhard , Papantonis Argyris , Bartkuhn Marek , Wilhelm Jochen , Linne Uwe , Meier-Soelch Johanna , Kracht Michael
Published: January 2025

The protein interactome of p65/RELA, the most active subunit of the transcription factor (TF) NF-κB, has not been previously determined in living cells. Using p65-miniTurbo fusion proteins and biotin tagging, we identify >350 RELA interactors from untreated and IL-1α-stimulated cells, including many TFs (47% of all interactors) and >50 epigenetic regulators belonging to different classes of chromatin remodeling complexes. A comparison with the interactomes of two point mutants of p65 reveals that the interactions primarily require intact dimerization rather than DNA-binding properties. A targeted RNAi screen for 38 interactors and subsequent functional transcriptome and bioinformatics studies identify gene regulatory (sub)networks, each controlled by RELA in combination with one of the TFs ZBTB5, GLIS2, TFE3/TFEB, or S100A8/A9. The large, dynamic and versatile high-resolution interactome of RELA and its gene regulatory logics provides a rich resource and a new framework for explaining how RELA cooperativity determines gene expression patterns.
TRIM32 regulates insulin sensitivity by controlling insulin receptor degradation in the liver
Authors: Thakur Shilpa , Rawat Priya , Dehury Budheswar , Mondal Prosenjit
Published: January 2025

Impaired insulin receptor signaling is strongly linked to obesity-related metabolic conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the exact mechanisms behind impaired insulin receptor (INSR) signaling in obesity induced by a high-fat diet remain elusive. In this study, we identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32), as a key regulator of hepatic insulin signaling that targets the insulin receptor (INSR) for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. HFD induces the nuclear translocation of SREBP-1c (Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1c), resulting in increased expression of TRIM32 in hepatocytes. TRIM32 ubiquitylates INSR and facilitates its proteasomal degradation, leading to severe insulin resistance and fat accumulation within the liver of high-fat diet induced obese (DIO) mice. Conversely, liver-specific knockdown of TRIM32 enhances INSR expression and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Reduced AMPK signaling and phosphorylation of SREBP-1c at S372 in high-fat DIO mice promotes the nuclear translocation of SREBP-1c, leading to increased TRIM32 expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TRIM32 promotes diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance by targeting the INSR to degradation.
RAGE is a key regulator of ductular reaction-mediated fibrosis during cholestasis
Authors: Lam Wai-Ling Macrina , Gabernet Gisela , Poth Tanja , Sator-Schmitt Melanie , Oquendo Morgana Barroso , Kast Bettina , Lohr Sabrina , de Ponti Aurora , Weiß Lena , Schneider Martin , Helm Dominic , Müller-Decker Karin , Schirmacher Peter , Heikenwälder Mathias , Klingmüller Ursula , Schneller Doris , Geisler Fabian , Nahnsen Sven , Angel Peter
Published: January 2025

Ductular reaction (DR) is the hallmark of cholestatic diseases manifested in the proliferation of bile ductules lined by biliary epithelial cells (BECs). It is commonly associated with an increased risk of fibrosis and liver failure. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was identified as a critical mediator of DR during chronic injury. Yet, the direct link between RAGE-mediated DR and fibrosis as well as the mode of interaction between BECs and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to drive fibrosis remain elusive. Here, we delineate the specific function of RAGE on BECs during DR and its potential association with fibrosis in the context of cholestasis. Employing a biliary lineage tracing cholestatic liver injury mouse model, combined with whole transcriptome sequencing and in vitro analyses, we reveal a role for BEC-specific Rage activity in fostering a pro-fibrotic milieu. RAGE is predominantly expressed in BECs and contributes to DR. Notch ligand Jagged1 is secreted from activated BECs in a Rage-dependent manner and signals HSCs in trans, eventually enhancing fibrosis during cholestasis.
Optimized synthesis of biphasic calcium phosphate: enhancing bone regeneration with a tailored β-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite ratio
Authors: Tran Dieu Linh , Ta Qui Thanh Hoai , Tran Manh Hoang , Nguyen Thi My Huyen , Le Ngoc Thuy Trang , Nguyen Hong Anh Phuong , Park Hyun-Ji , Park Ki Dong , Nguyen Dai Hai
Published: January 2025

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is a bioceramic widely used in hard tissue engineering for bone replacement.
Alloying effect modulated electronic structure of Mo-doped PdIn bimetallene nanoribbons for ambient electrosynthesis of urea
Authors: Xu You , Wang Shiming , Wu Yueji , Mao Qiqi , Yu Hongjie , Deng Kai , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: January 2025

Mo-doped PdIn bimetallene nanoribbons with regulated electronic structure were synthesized and demonstrated enhanced activity for ambient electrosynthesis of urea.
A versatile luminescent metal–organic framework for selective detection of Fe(iii) cations and Cr(vi) anions
Authors: Fang Han , Han Jia-Peng , Zhang Bo , Liu Deng-Bo , Li Xing-Wang , Li Jing-Yu , He Yutong , Yu Mei-Hui
Published: January 2025

A versatile luminescent Cd-MOF (NKM-103) enables highly selective, low-limit detection of Fe(iii) and Cr(vi) with recyclability.
Whisker-free lithium electrodeposition by tuning electrode microstructure
Authors: Rulev Alexey A. , Kondratyeva Yevgeniya O. , Yashina Lada V. , Ivanenko Ilia P. , Itkis Daniil M.
Published: January 2025

It is shown how lithium atoms can deposit not on the surface, but in the grain boundaries deep under the surface of the electrode. Extended dendrite-free deposition was achieved exploiting this phenomenon by depositing lithium in a eutectic alloy.
DFT study of Pd-doped ZrCl2: a promising solution for dissolved gas molecule analysis in transformer oil
Authors: Naik Yashasvi , Mehta Disha , Mahida H. R. , Desai Riddhi , Thakor P. B.
Published: January 2025

Enhanced gas adsorption on Pd-doped ZrCl2 monolayer for transformer fault detection using density functional theory.
Review of quantitative microbial risk assessments for potable water reuse
Authors: Clements Emily , van der Nagel Charlotte , Crank Katherine , Hannoun Deena , Gerrity Daniel
Published: January 2025

This review identified 30 studies from 1992–2024 that performed quantitative microbial risk assessments on potable reuse and compared individual assumptions, summarized influential parameters, and analyzed results.
Bis-pyrrolidone structures as versatile building blocks for the synthesis of bio-based polyesters and for the preparation of additives
Authors: Schulte Nele , Damonte Giacomo , Rocca Valeria Marisa , Todea Anamaria , Monticelli Orietta , Pellis Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Facile enzymatic synthesis of bis-pyrrolidone structures from dimethyl itaconate and various aliphatic diamines (C4–C12) and their use for the enzymatic synthesis of oligoesters and the plasticization of poly(lactic acid).
Electrosynthesis of benzyl-tert-butylamine via nickel-catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Broersen P. J. L. , Paschalidou V. , Garcia A. C.
Published: January 2025

This article describes a strategy to perform a linear paired electrolysis converting benzylalcohol into a benzylamine.
The sustainable and catalytic synthesis of N,N-alkylated fatty amines from fatty acids and esters
Authors: Coeck Robin , Claes Nathalie , Cuypers Thomas , Bals Sara , De Vos Dirk E.
Published: January 2025

The reductive amination of fatty acids (FAs) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) has been identified as a green and effective method to produce N,N-dimethylalkylamines (ADMAs).
Phosphorus-doped cobalt sulphide nanocubes as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in an alkaline medium
Authors: Krishnamurthy P. , Maiyalagan T.
Published: January 2025

Phosphorus-doped CoS2 nanocubes exhibited significantly higher current density and enhanced long-term stability in an alkaline medium compared to pristine CoS2.
A novel ligand system comprising N-heterocyclic carbene and Schiff base ligands: spectroscopic and electrochemical analysis, investigation of silver and gold complexation, and their biological effects
Authors: Yousefshahi Mohammad Reza , Neshat Abdollah , Taghizadeh-Tabarsi Reza , Akbari-Birgani Shiva , Varmaghani Fahimeh
Published: January 2025

A new metallosupramolecular structure is introduced. The transmetallation with gold resulted in a cleaved structure. Both complexes exhibit anticancer properties against MCF-7 cells, and compound 5 induces an effective apoptotic cell death.
The role of the radical tetrazine bridging ligand in spin-only magnetic coupling in complex dimers
Authors: Al-Ameed Karrar , Abass Ghadeer
Published: January 2025

This study explores unusual magnetic coupling between two metal centers in dimers bridged by a tetrazine ring.
Theoretical insights into spacer molecule design to tune stability, dielectric, and exciton properties in 2D perovskites
Authors: Liu Xing , Yan Hejin , Shu Zheng , Cui Xiangyue , Cai Yongqing
Published: January 2025

We investigate how spacer molecules influence the properties of RP-type 2D perovskites. Modifying aromatic units (PMA, THMA, FUMA) reveals that small adjustments can significantly affect dielectric screening, exciton binding energy, and structure.
Chiral induction at the nanoscale and spin selectivity in electron transmission in chiral methylated BEDT-TTF derivatives
Authors: Carella Alberta , Mishra Suryakant , Ferrari Camilla , Vanossi Davide , Rossella Francesco , Pop Flavia , Avarvari Narcis , Htoon Han , Hollingsworth Jennifer A. , Bowes Eric G. , Majumder Somak , Jones Andrew Crandall , Fontanesi Claudio
Published: January 2025

Tetramethyl-bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (TM-BEDT-TTF) enantiomers’ spin filtering and chiroptical properties are studied. Spin-filtering properties are assessed by recording spin-polarized I–V curves (mc-AFM) of TM-BEDT-TTF fibrils.
Atomic spin precession electro-optic modulation detection based on guided mode resonant lithium niobate metasurfaces
Authors: Sun Jie , Chai Zhen , Yang Yuqing , Cui Zhibo , Xu Yuting , Xu Yan , Fu Yulan , Yuan Heng
Published: January 2025

This study presents a compact modulator for developing miniaturized integrated atomic magnetometers, achieving ultrahigh sensitivity measurements of optical rotation angle using optical modulation techniques.
Polyacetals of higher cyclic formals: synthesis, properties and application as polymer electrolytes
Authors: Kost Bartłomiej , Basko Malgorzata , Kaźmierski Sławomir , Zygadło-Monikowska Ewa , Słojewska Magdalena , Kubisa Przemysław
Published: January 2025

Polymers of higher cyclic formals containing alternating oxymethylene (OM) units and a few oxyethylene (EO) units can be considered as components in solid polymer electrolytes.
Sustainable superhydrophobic lignin-based polyurethane foam: an innovative solution for oil pollutant adsorption
Authors: Li Xinglin , Zhang Jing , Liu Hong , Li Zhiyu , Zheng Guanfeng , Zhou Ling , Fu Peng
Published: January 2025

Lignin-based polyurethane foam was synthesized via a one-pot method and subsequently functionalized with silane to achieve superhydrophobicity. The modified foam demonstrated excellent oil–water separation performance, showcasing its potential for practical applications in environmental remediation.
Chemical proteomic profiling of lysine crotonylation using minimalist bioorthogonal probes in mammalian cells
Authors: Zhou Yuan-Fei , Yuan Shouli , Ma Bin , Gao Jinjun , Wang Chu
Published: January 2025

Our study reports an alkynyl-functionalized bioorthogonal chemical probe, Cr-alkyne, for the detection and identification of protein lysine crotonylation and site-specific quantification in mammalian cells.
Rational design of an N,S-dual-doped metal-free catalyst from PPy for efficient electrochemical oxygen reduction
Authors: Parida Sanjit Kumar , Jena Hrudananda
Published: January 2025

This work highlights a simplified approach that exploits the nitrogen rich, free-standing porous network of PPy hydrogel to design an N,S-dual doped porous carbon (N,S-PC) catalyst for efficient ORR by a facile, scalable, one-step pyrolysis route.
Controlled synthesis of ternary acrylamide/sodium acrylate/polyethyleneglycol hybrids by integrating different clays and fillers: a comprehensive evaluation of structural features
Authors: Bozbay Rabia , Er Mertcan , Ersoy Kübra Kara , Orakdogen Nermin
Published: January 2025

Eco-friendly poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate)/polyethyleneglycol hybrid gels reinforced with Bentonite, Kaolin, Mica, Graphene and Silica for enhanced elasticity, swelling and adsorptive properties.
Co-irradiation induced graft polymerization of pre-swollen polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes for uranium extraction from seawater
Authors: Wu Ying , Yao Yunyou , Ding Zhenjie , Li Jixiang , Han Tao , Gu Jianzhong , Song Yan , Li Ziming , Xu Lu , Chen Shusen , Ma Hongjuan
Published: January 2025

A widely adopted approach in the field of adsorbent preparation for uranium extraction involves grafting acrylonitrile onto inert polymer substrates, followed by amidoximation.
Suppressing efficiency roll-off of orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymer-based OLEDs via copolymerizing co-hosts with cascade energy levels
Authors: Khan Mati Ullah , Hua Lei , Liu Yuchao , Zhao Haisong , Guo Yumeng , Wang Yafei , Yan Shouke , Ren Zhongjie
Published: January 2025

A series of orange-red TADF polymers incorporating dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran and carbazole units as co- backbones are successfully synthesized. These polymers demonstrate enhanced photophysical properties, achieving an EQEmax of 17.1% in OLEDs.
Optimised sampling of SDSS-IV MaStar spectra for stellar classification using supervised models
Authors: El-Kholy R.I. , Hayman Z.M.
Published: January 2025

Supervised machine learning models
are increasingly being used for solving the problem of stellar classification of spectroscopic data. However, training these models calls for a large number of labelled instances, whereas their collection is usually costly in both time and expertise. Active learning (AL) algorithms minimise
training dataset sizes by keeping only the most informative instances. This paper explores the application of AL to sampling stellar spectra using data from a highly class-imbalanced dataset. We utilised the MaStar Stellar Library from
the SDSS DR17, along with its associated stellar parameter catalogue. A preprocessing pipeline that includes feature selection, scaling, and dimensionality reduction was applied to the data. Using different AL algorithms, we iteratively queried instances where the model or committee of models exhibits the highest uncertainty or disagreement, respectively. We assessed the effectiveness of the sampling techniques by comparing several performance metrics of supervised-learning models trained on the queried samples with randomly sampled counterparts. Evaluation metrics included specificity, sensitivity, and the area under the curve. In addition, we used Matthew's correlation coefficient, which accounts for class imbalance. We applied this procedure to the effective temperature, surface gravity, and iron metallicity, separately. Our results demonstrate the
effectiveness of AL algorithms in selecting samples that produce performance metrics that are superior to random sampling and even stratified samples, with fewer training instances. We find AL is recommended for
prioritising instance labelling for astronomical-survey data by experts or crowdsourcing to mitigate the high time cost. Its effectiveness can be further exploited in selecting targets for follow-up observations in automated astronomical surveys.
Robust design optimization of dynamic and static manufacturing processes using the stochastic frontier model
Authors: Trabelsi Ali , Rezgui Mohamed-Ali , Amdouni Marwan , Dokkar Atef , Jmal Hamdi
Published: January 2025

The paper discusses a novel method, which addresses robust design optimization of dynamic and static multi-objective processes. For a dynamic process, the optimal setting of the graded signal and input parameters are sought so that it is least sensitive to internal and external noises. In addition to addressing planned and unplanned experiments (cross-sectional and panel data), the method estimates the random and nonrandom variance components variably (i.e., returns a non-constant uncertainty at each combination level or treatment). The stochastic frontier model is utilized to ensure this purpose. For dynamic processes, the method operates in three main steps, (i) data preparation by transforming the outputs to maximization functions, (ii) estimate of the composed variation (random and non-random error components), (iii) and, composition of the process uncertainty array for each output across the signal levels. The robust design optimization solution corresponds to the levels combination of the signal and the input factors, which adds up to the lowest global uncertainty score. The applicability of the approach is then illustrated with a case study that uses one signal factor at two levels and four input factors (x1, x2, x3, and x4) at three levels each. The process responses, Y1, Y2, and Y3 are of types Dynamic Larger the Best (DLB), Dynamic Nominal the Best (DNB), and Dynamic Smaller the Best (DSB), respectively.
Acheter une détection synchrone pour un traitement du signal en temps-réel
Authors: Stomp Romain , Faist Olivier
Published: January 2025

La mesure par détection synchrone (ou lock-in amplifier en anglais), est la technique idéale pour améliorer le rapport signal-sur-bruit (SNR). Combiné à un traitement numérique des données, c’est tout un environnement d’analyse temps-fréquence qui permet à l’utilisateur d’optimiser sa mesure jusqu’à y inclure des mélanges hétérodynes ou des boucles d’asservissement rapide.
Kirschner's Wire versus Casts in Wrist Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lim Brandon , Talbot Stephanie , Jassim Samher , Quinn Eoghain Paul , Shaalan Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Background Distal radius fractures are a common orthopaedic injury with several treatment methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize the results of the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and compare the functional outcomes and rates of complications in Kirschner's wire (K-wire) fixation versus cast immobilization in the management of distal radius fractures.

Materials and Methods A systematic electronic search of Embase, PubMed, and Scopus was performed from inception through to July 26, 2024. All articles addressing RCTs comparing plaster cast immobilization and K-wire fixation in distal radius fractures were included. This study was performed according to the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool for RCTs.

Results A total of nine studies with 1,097 patients (580 and 517 who underwent cast immobilization and K-wire fixation, respectively) were included for analysis. There was a significantly higher risk of complications (risk ratio [RR]: 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–2.78; p = 0.02) and malunion (RR: 9.03, 95% CI: 2.57–31.75; p = 0.0006) in cast immobilization than K-wiring. There was also a significant difference in Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores at 12 months (mean difference: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.10–1.52; p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in other outcomes that could be meta-analyzed such as range of motion and grip strength. There was also no significant difference in other complications such as chronic regional pain syndrome, finger stiffness, and osteoarthritis.

Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significantly higher risk of total adverse events and malunion in cast immobilization than K-wiring as well as a significant difference in PRWE scores at 12 months. Our results thus suggest that K-wiring is more favorable than cast immobilization in the management of distal radius fractures.
Patellar Instability after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Swartz Gabrielle , Abdo Zuhdi E. , Bains Sandeep S. , Dubin Jeremy A. , Hameed Daniel , Nandi Sumon , Mont Michael A. , Delanois Ronald E. , Scuderi Giles R.
Published: January 2025

Patellar instability following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a rare, yet serious complication, potentially requiring revision surgery or resulting in chronic dysfunction. When encountered, it is paramount to understand the etiologies, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and outcomes of the selected treatment. The most common cause of patella instability is improper positioning of components, leading to lateral maltracking of the patella. Factors such as internal rotation and/or medialization of femoral or tibial components and lateralization of the patellar button have been identified as factors that contribute to instability. Additionally, a longstanding valgus deformity of the knee may exacerbate patella maltracking. Patients typically present with anterior knee pain, worsened by activities like stair climbing, and may report sensations of giving way. Radiographs and computed tomography scans aid in evaluating component positioning and rotation. Operative intervention is often necessary, with options ranging from soft tissue realignment to component revision. Lateral retinacular release is a common approach, although it is associated with complications such as osteonecrosis of the patella. Proximal or distal realignment procedures may be required if instability persists. Some recent case reports have also described medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction as a treatment modality, but more investigation on the topic is still pending. It is important that the treatment strategy address the underlying cause, as failure to do so may result in recurrent instability. The best way to avoid patella instability is to pay attention to all the details of component position and soft tissue balance during the index procedure.
Amorphous ferromagnetism in the frozen-spin model
Authors: Akhiezer I. A. , Belozorov D. P.
Published: January 2025

The microscopic model proposed treats ferromagnetic metallic glass as a disordered ferromagnet, an object that is intermediate between a saturated ferromagnet and a spin glass. Spontaneous magnetization and longitudinal magnetic susceptibility are found to occur at zero temperature and the magnetization is demonstrated to decrease with rising temperature. The model makes it possible to explain the experimental properties of amorphous ferromagnets that distinguish them from crystalline ferromagnets.
Nonlinear effects in the electrical conductivity of germanium point contacts produced by electron–phonon interaction
Authors: Naĩdyuk Yu. G. , Koshkin I. V. , Lysykh A. A.
Published: January 2025

Features associated with electron–phonon interaction (EPI) have been found in the second derivative of the current–voltage characteristic (CVC) of pressed point contacts of degenerate n - and p-type germanium, while the first derivative of the CVC of contacts of p-type germanium has a maximum at an energy close to the Fermi energy.
Metastability of multi-population Kuramoto–Sakaguchi oscillators
Authors: Li Bojun , Uchida Nariya
Published: January 2025

An Ott–Antonsen reduced M-population of Kuramoto–Sakaguchi oscillators is investigated, focusing on the influence of the phase-lag parameter α on the collective dynamics. For oscillator populations coupled on a ring, we obtained a wide variety of spatiotemporal patterns, including coherent states, traveling waves, partially synchronized states, modulated states, and incoherent states. Back-and-forth transitions between these states are found, which suggest metastability. Linear stability analysis reveals the stable regions of coherent states with different winding numbers q. Within certain α ranges, the system settles into stable traveling wave solutions despite the coherent states also being linearly stable. For around α≈0.46π, the system displays the most frequent metastable transitions between coherent states and partially synchronized states, while for α closer to π/2, metastable transitions arise between partially synchronized states and modulated states. This model captures metastable dynamics akin to brain activity, offering insights into the synchronization of brain networks.
A non-local regularization-based fractional-order total variational compressive sensing algorithm for effective recovery of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode LiDAR images
Authors: Wang Yuchao , Wei Xuyang , Wang Chunyang , Liu Xuelian , Xie Da , Yuan Kai , Li Rong
Published: January 2025

To address the challenge of low accuracy of the range image recovery of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GM-APD) LiDAR in low signal-to-background ratios (SBRs), this paper proposes a non-local regularization-based fractional-order total variational compressive sensing (CS) algorithm for recovering GM-APD LiDAR images. First, the kurtosis factor peak method was utilized to obtain the target range image at low SBRs. Subsequently, a non-local regularization-based fractional-order total variational CS model for GM-APD LiDAR image recovery is proposed, leveraging the sparse and constrained isometric properties of CS as well as the memorability of fractional-order calculus. This model aims to compress and sample high-dimensional range images while performing a sparse representation. Finally, an augmented Lagrange algorithm was employed to precisely recover the target range image. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can enhance the degree of target recovery by a minimum of 4.29% and increase the peak signal-to-noise ratio by at least 9.29% under conditions of a 60% sampling rate, identical SBR, and statistical frame number.
Tunable interfacial Rashba spin–orbit coupling in asymmetric AlxIn1−xSb/InSb/CdTe quantum well heterostructures
Authors: Zhi Zhenghang , Wu Yuyang , Ruan Hanzhi , Liu Jiuming , Huang Puyang , Yao Shan , Liu Xinqi , Tang Chenjia , Yao Qi , Sun Lu , Zhang Yifan , Xiao Yujie , Che Renchao , Kou Xufeng
Published: January 2025

We report the manipulation of the Rashba-type spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in molecular beam epitaxy-grown AlxIn1−xSb/InSb/CdTe quantum well heterostructures. The effective band bending warrants a robust two-dimensional quantum confinement effect, and the unidirectional built-in electric field arisen from the asymmetric hetero-interfaces leads to a pronounced Rashba SOC strength. By tuning the Al concentration in the top AlxIn1−xSb barrier layer, the optimal structure of x = 0.15 exhibits the largest Rashba coefficient of 0.23 eV Å as well as the highest low-temperature electron mobility of 4400 cm2 · V−1 · s−1. Moreover, quantitative investigations of the weak anti-localization effect further justify the prevailing D'yakonov–Perel spin relaxation mechanism during the charge-to-spin conversion process. Our results underscore the importance of quantum well engineering in shaping the magneto-resistance responses, and the narrow bandgap semiconductor-based heterostructures may serve as a reliable framework for designing energy-efficient spintronic applications.
Research on the evaluation method of cooperative jamming effectiveness based on IPSO-ELM
Authors: Yang A. Tianjian , Wang B. Xing , Cheng C. Siyi , Chen D. You , Zhang E. Xi
Published: January 2025

Cooperative jamming effectiveness evaluation is a key component in completing the cooperative jamming OODA loop. For the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of cooperative jamming to group network radar by formation aircraft, a cooperative jamming effectiveness evaluation method based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization–Extreme Learning Machine (IPSO-ELM) is proposed. First, based on the working parameters of the group network radar and the information fusion rules, the cooperative jamming effectiveness evaluation function is established. On this basis, the cooperative jamming decision schemes and their corresponding cooperative jamming effectiveness values are solved at different locations in the target space, and the results are detected as outliers using box plots, thus constructing sample data for cooperative jamming effectiveness evaluation. Subsequently, a neural network based on the extreme learning machine methodology is developed, with its initial weights and biases fine-tuned through an improved particle swarm optimization, which is termed IPSO-ELM. This optimization aims to boost the model’s predictive precision. Finally, the IPSO-ELM algorithm is subjected to rigorous assessment via simulation, confirming its performance of accuracy and efficiency. From the simulation results, the advanced performance of the IPSO-ELM algorithm, specifically in the context of assessing the effectiveness of cooperative jamming, is verified.
Entropy-driven deep reinforcement learning for HVAC system optimization
Authors: Zhang Chen , Tan Zhi
Published: January 2025

The study explores the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for optimizing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems to reduce energy consumption while maintaining indoor comfort. Traditional control methods, such as Model Predictive Control and Proportional-Integral-Derivative control, often struggle with variable environmental conditions, leading to inefficient energy use and discomfort. This research introduces a DRL-based approach, improving the algorithm optimization performance by entropy screening high-value information and reducing value errors. Using the Energym building simulation platform, the performance of various reinforcement learning algorithms, including Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) and Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), was compared in different weather conditions. We demonstrate a novel DRL algorithm, EntropySAC, that demonstrated significant energy savings and improved comfort control. Notably, the optimized algorithm reduced energy consumption by up to 38.95% under high-temperature conditions and consistently outperformed traditional approaches.
Impact of ion mobility on electron density and temperature in hypersonic flows
Authors: Rodriguez Fuentes Felipe Martin , Parent Bernard
Published: January 2025

This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of how ion mobility affects electron density and temperature in hypersonic flows. We compare two ion mobility models: one derived from Gupta–Yos cross sections and the other from swarm drift velocity experiments. The ion mobility model significantly alters the plasma density around a hypersonic waverider, with increases of more than twofold observed at low dynamic pressures and high Mach numbers. This is partly due to electron loss through surface catalysis, which depends on ambipolar diffusion scaling with ion mobility. We also derive novel scaling laws that highlight the strong dependence of electron cooling on ion mobility both within the quasi-neutral regions and the non-neutral plasma sheaths. Electron cooling influences the electron temperature across the plasma, leading to a previously unrecognized impact of ion mobility on plasma bulk temperature. This, in turn, affects plasma density via electron–ion recombination rates which are temperature-dependent. Accurately modeling ion mobility is critical for predicting hypersonic plasma behavior, with important implications for optimizing magnetohydrodynamic technologies and mitigating or exploiting plasma-induced interference with electromagnetic waves.
The effect of retraction-rebound dynamics on the contact time of rebounding-coalescing droplets on a superhydrophobic surface with or without a macro-ridge
Authors: Zhang Ben-Xi , Fu Xian-Yang , Lu Wei , Zhu Kai-Qi , Wang Yi-Bo , Wang Shao-Yu , Yang Yan-Ru , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: January 2025

The effect of retraction-rebound dynamics on the contact time of rebounding-coalescing droplets is investigated via the lattice Boltzmann simulation method on a superhydrophobic surface with or without a macro-ridge. The result shows that the retraction transition from asymmetric to symmetric is triggered by the increased Weber number, when the droplet is split or not split by the ridge. Under the non-split and split conditions, the rebound mode involves the asymmetric/symmetric, asymmetric/symmetric ridge, or right–left non-simultaneous/simultaneous rebound. Under these rebound modes, the coalescence-spreading stage is compressed by the increased Weber number, and thus the retraction-rebound stage being earlier triggered by the increased Weber number, resulting in the enhanced droplet rebound. On the contrary, the droplet rotation is promoted by the increased angular momentum, that is, by the increased Weber number, to enhance the droplet rebound. Because of the enhanced droplet, the contact time is always reduced by the increased Weber number on these two superhydrophobic surfaces.
Effect of air injection on flow characteristics of submerged wall jets and scour mitigation downstream of apron
Authors: Lee Jeonghu , Nguyen Van Thinh
Published: January 2025

The local scour downstream of a rigid apron, caused by submerged wall jets from sluice gate openings, is critically important as it poses a significant threat to structural stability. This study examines the impact of air injection at the apron's end on flow structures and scour mitigation under a wall jet flow. We have expanded the coupled model between Large Eddy Simulation and the Discrete Element Method from our previous study, using the open-source package OpenFOAM, incorporating the Volume of Fluid method to apply it to air injection and free surface. Validation of the numerical model shows a good agreement between the simulation results and observed data, confirming the model's reliability. The model was subsequently used to investigate the effects of varying air injection flow rate on flow structures and scouring processes downstream of the apron by increasing the flow rate ratio of air injection to water wall jet from 0 to 1 at the end of the apron. The simulation results reveal that as the flow rate ratio increases, the near-bed streamwise mean velocity, streamwise turbulence intensity, and bed shear stress are decreased downstream of the apron. Consequently, as the air injection flow rate ratio increases, the bedload transport rate decreases, and scour is further mitigated. However, when the air injection ratio exceeds 0.6, no notable differences in the flow properties are observed and the bed profile therefore remains almost unchanged. This is attributed to the strong air injection deflecting the wall jet upwards, preventing it from affecting the downstream area of the apron. The numerical analysis demonstrated the effects of air injection on flow structures, which consequently mitigated scour processes. The key finding of this study is that air injection can effectively reduce scour processes downstream of the apron, offering improved design methods to protect hydraulic structures compared to traditional countermeasures.
The rotational effects on the cavitation process for a cylinder vehicle
Authors: Hou Dianfeng , Yao Weiguang , Zhang Hui , Zhao Zijie
Published: January 2025

The effects of rotational motion around the central axis of a supercavitating underwater cylindrical vehicle are numerically investigated with the cavitation process at a cavitation number of 0.0198. The relationships among tangential velocity, streamwise vorticity, flow field pressure distribution of the flow field, mass transfer rates of water and water vapor, and cavity shapes are analyzed under varying rotational speeds. Compared to non-rotational motion, the distinct cavitation mechanisms in rotational motion are identified. The results indicated that during the initial cavitation stage, the tangential velocity near the vehicle's surface rises as the rotational speed increases, gradually decreasing the pressure and transforming water into water vapor. Simultaneously, the concave structure at the end of the front cavity near the vehicle's surface progressively disappears. This accelerates the cavitation process, causing the earlier merger of the front and rear cavities. Following this process, a concave structure appears at the center of the cavity tail for the non-rotating vehicle due to the pressure increase. However, this concave structure gradually transforms to a convex structure with increasing rotational speed. This phenomenon is attributed to the tangential velocity generated by the vehicle's rotation, which causes the pressure in the rear cavity to rise very slowly, and the low-pressure region contracts toward the axis line. The mass transfer in the rear cavity of the rotating vehicle is significantly improved with pressure changes, transforming from vapor into water. Therefore, the pressure changes and mass transfer rate induced by rotation lead to converting the rear cavity end from a concave to a convex structure.
An adaptive gradient correction method based on mesh skewness for finite volume fluid dynamics simulations
Authors: Song Min , Li Chao , Guo Xiaowei , Liu Jie
Published: January 2025

In unstructured mesh solvers based on the finite volume method, accurate gradient calculation is crucial for determining the accuracy of equations. However, most mainstream computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software offer only uncorrected or globally corrected gradient options, which do not take into account local geometric characteristics. This limitation hampers computational efficiency and accuracy, especially in complex geometries, leading to poor convergence or even divergence, thus constraining its practical application in real-world engineering problems. To address these issues, this paper presents an adaptive gradient correction algorithm based on mesh skewness. By analyzing the geometric characteristics of mesh cells and dynamically applying a correction value, the algorithm modifies the gradient calculation formula adaptively to reduce numerical errors and improve accuracy, while ensuring stability. The algorithm has been successfully implemented in a general-purpose CFD software and validated through complex engineering cases such as sub-channel analysis, demonstrating its practical engineering value. Results indicate that for turbulent flow through a pipe, the proposed adaptive correction algorithm achieves an improved accuracy, demonstrating high precision and superiority in capturing intricate details of turbulence. In more complex scenarios like sub-channel analysis, the adaptive correction algorithm yields an error of 2.54% compared to 4.03% for the uncorrected approach. Unlike global correction methods that may lead to computational divergence within a few iterations, the adaptive correction method consistently maintains stability, accelerates convergence, and improves accuracy, offering significant theoretical and practical value.
Microscopic fracturing and unfrozen water hysteresis effects analysis of lignite and anthracite
Authors: Qin Lei , Lv Shiyin , Lin Haifei , Li Shugang , Mu Miao , Li Jiawei
Published: January 2025

China possesses widely distributed low-permeability coal seams of various ranks, where differences in coal rank determine fracture mode selection and optimization of fracturing effects. This study investigates the response of low-rank lignite and high-rank anthracite to liquid nitrogen freeze–thaw. Using nuclear magnetic resonance technology, we examined T2 relaxation curves, porosity, and pore throat changes during freeze–thaw processes, focusing on unfrozen water from a microscopic perspective. Experimental results indicate that lignite exhibits significantly higher T2 relaxation amplitudes compared to anthracite, with a predominance of adsorption pores. Lignite shows a more pronounced response to freeze–thaw cycles, resulting in increases of 0.9% in cumulative porosity and 0.9% in pore throat count for lignite, while anthracite shows increases of 0.1% and 0.13%, respectively. The average aperture of flow pores increased by 45.2% and 49.4%. Upon returning to room temperature, lignite shows a two-stage increase in porosity loss rate after initial fluctuations, while anthracite exhibits a slightly fluctuating trend. Both lignite and anthracite demonstrate a lag effect in unfrozen water during freeze–thaw processes, with maximum lag percentages at −5 °C and 5 °C recorded as 51.07% and 67.75%, respectively. The primary factors contributing to the unfrozen water lag effect are the supercooling effect during freezing and changes in pore ice melting points due to water-ice phase transitions. The rapid temperature differential from low-temperature liquid nitrogen triggers uneven thermal stress within the coal body and freeze expansion, optimizing coal pore structure and enhancing connectivity and permeability.
Collision characteristics of neutral and highly charged droplets in uniform electric fields
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yang Zhiwen , Li Chuan , Li Jiawei , Li Dingchen , Fu Qixiong , Yu Kexun
Published: January 2025

Droplet collision and growth are common phenomena. While charge and electric fields can promote the droplet collision process, the impact of field intensity and high charge on droplet collision characteristics, as in thunderclouds, is not well understood. This paper presents a trajectory model to study the collision characteristics of a neutral droplet and a charged droplet with varying amounts of charge under various electric field intensities. The findings reveal a transition stage in collision efficiency as the electric field E increases, related to droplet size variation. During this transition stage (about E = 7.5 × 102 V⋅m−1 to 7.5 × 104 V⋅m−1), there is a peak in the collision efficiency of highly charged and neutral droplets as the neutral droplet size increases. Conversely, at other electric fields (near 102 V⋅m−1 and between 7.5 × 104 V⋅m−1 and 107 V⋅m−1), a larger neutral droplet is advantageous for enhancing the collision efficiency, increasing the collision probability. Throughout the range from 102 V⋅m−1 to 107 V⋅m−1, a larger neutral droplet is beneficial for enhancing the collision kernel, raising the collision frequency. An increase in charge significantly enhances both collision efficiency and kernel. For a micrometer-sized charged-neutral droplet pair, collision efficiency initially decreases (disturbance effect) and then slightly rises to about 1.0 (inertial effect) with the electric field at a constant droplet size ratio. In addition, the impact of droplet size on collision characteristics was investigated, and the collision characteristics of two neutral droplets were compared. The results deepen our understanding of the internal physical processes of cloud droplet collisions under varying electric fields and charge conditions (especially high charges) and provide guidance for applications like electrostatic defogging, charged particle catalyzed rainfall, and fog collection.