bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of male partners' involvement and support on reproductive, maternal and child health and well‐being in East Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Fletcher Richard , Forbes Faye , Dadi Abel Fekadu , Kassa Getachew Mullu , Regan Casey , Galle Anna , Beyene Addisu , Liackman Rebecca , Temmerman Marleen
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

East African countries have high rates of maternal and child mortality and morbidity. Studies have shown that the involvement of male partners in reproductive health can benefit maternal and child health (MCH). This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the evidence across East Africa that describes male partner involvement and its effect on maternal, reproductive, and child well‐being.

Methods

Ten databases were searched to identify quantitative data on male's involvement in East Africa. Studies reporting qualitative data, “intention to use” data or only reporting on male partner's education or economic status were excluded. Studies were organized into five a priori categories: antenatal care (ANC), human immunodeficiency virus, breastfeeding, family planning, and intimate partner violence with further categories developed based on studies included.

Results

A total of 2787 records were identified; 644 full texts were reviewed, and 96 studies were included in this review. Data were reported on 118,967 mothers/pregnant women and 15,361 male partners. Most of the studies (n = 83) were reported from four countries Ethiopia (n = 49), Kenya (n = 14), Tanzania (n = 12) and Uganda (n = 10). The evidence indicates that male partner involvement and support is associated with improved reproductive, MCH across a wide range of outcomes. However, the studies were heterogeneous, using diverse exposure and outcome measures. Also, male partners' lack of practical and emotional support, and engagement in violent behaviors towards partners, were associated with profound negative impacts on MCH and well‐being.

Conclusions

The body of evidence, although heterogeneous, provides compelling support for male involvement in reproductive health programs designed to support MCH. To advance research in this field, an agreement is needed on a measure of male partner “involvement.” To optimize benefits of male partners' involvement, developing core outcome sets and regional coordination are recommended.
Influences of TiO2 nanoparticle and fipronil co‐exposure on metabolite profiles in mouse intestines
Authors: Wang Canyang , Zhou Zhengzheng , He Yayu , Li Juan , Cao Yi
Published: July 2024

Food contaminates, such as insecticide, may influence the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) to intestine. The present study investigated the combined toxicity of TiO2 NPs and fipronil to male mouse intestine. Juvenile mice (8 weeks) were orally exposed to 5.74 mg/kg TiO2 NPs, 2.5 mg/kg fipronil, or both, once a day, for 5 days. We found that both TiO2 NPs and fipronil induced some pathological changes in intestines, accompanying with defective autophagy, but these effects were not obviously enhanced after TiO2 NP and fipronil co‐exposure. Fipronil promoted Ti accumulation but induced minimal impact on other trace elements in TiO2 NP‐exposed intestines. Metabolomics data revealed that the exposure altered metabolite profiles in mouse intestines, and two KEGG pathways, namely, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (mmu00053) and glutathione metabolism (mmu00480), were only statistically significantly changed after TiO2 NP and fipronil co‐exposure. Five metabolites, including 2‐deoxy‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranose 5‐phosphate, 5alpha‐cholestanol, beta‐D‐glucopyranuronic acid, elaidic acid, and isopentadecanoic acid, and maltotriose, were more significantly up‐regulated after the co‐exposure, whereas trisaccharide and xylonolactone were only significantly down‐regulated by the co‐exposure. We concluded that fipronil had minimal impact to enhance the toxicity of TiO2 NPs to mouse intestines but altered metabolite profiles.
Optimization of crude glycerol purification from grease trap waste biodiesel production: exploring the synergistic effect of mixed extraction alcohols on enhanced glycerol purity
Authors: Al‐Haimi Akram Ali Nasser Mansoor , Luo Wen , Fu Junying , Zhu Shunni , Yehia Fatma , Wang Zhongming
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The purification of crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production and grease trap waste, is essential for its utilization in high‐value applications. Achieving exceptionally pure glycerol without relying on energy‐intensive vacuum distillation during transesterification is of substantial economic interest.

RESULTS

This investigation focuses on crafting a purification process involving chemical treatment (neutralization), adsorption and extraction. The assessment of the neutralization process using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) revealed their comparative efficacy. Activated carbon adsorption was used to reduce coloration in crude glycerol, with weights set at 4 and 8 wt%. Efficient salt extraction from crude glycerol was explored using solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol in varying mass ratios to crude glycerol (1:1 and 2:1). The study also examined the synergistic effects and impact of mixing alcohol solvents. Optimal conditions for achieving high purity (92.44%) were identified as the combination of KOH, 8 wt% activated carbon and a 2:1 ratio of a mixture of the three alcohols.

CONCLUSION

The combined effects of employing a mixture of alcohols significantly enhance the extraction process, resulting in the efficient and successful purification of glycerol. These outcomes offer valuable insights into improving the extraction process in industrial settings, leading to the production of high‐quality glycerol products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
On the minimum number of arcs in 4‐dicritical oriented graphs
Authors: Havet Frédéric , Picasarri‐Arrieta Lucas , Rambaud Clément
Published: July 2024

The dichromatic number of a digraph is the minimum number of colours needed to colour the vertices of a digraph such that each colour class induces an acyclic subdigraph. A digraph is ‐dicritical if and each proper subdigraph of satisfies . For integers and , we define (resp., ) as the minimum number of arcs possible in a ‐dicritical digraph (resp., oriented graph). Kostochka and Stiebitz have shown that . They also conjectured that there is a constant such that for and large enough. This conjecture is known to be true for . In this work, we prove that every 4‐dicritical oriented graph on vertices has at least arcs, showing the conjecture for . We also characterise exactly the 4‐dicritical digraphs on vertices with exactly arcs.
Does it take two to tango? Combined effects of relational job crafting and job design on energy and performance
Authors: Doden Wiebke , Bindl Uta , Unger Dana
Published: July 2024

Despite an extensive body of research on job crafting, our understanding of how bottom‐up job crafting behaviors interact with top‐down job design in influencing employee effectiveness remains limited. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we developed and tested a theoretical framework to examine the implications of daily promotion‐ versus prevention‐oriented relational job crafting on employees' energy and subsequent task performance, in the context of relational job design (i.e., task interdependence). To test our theorizing, we conducted two experience‐sampling studies over 10 workdays with full‐time employees across various organizations (Study 1: Nday‐level = 845, Nperson‐level = 126; Study 2: Nday‐level = 793, Nperson‐level = 108). Multilevel path modeling indicated promotion‐oriented relational job crafting was positively associated with subsequent task performance by increasing energy levels (Study 2), particularly when task interdependence was low (Study 1). In contrast, prevention‐oriented relational job crafting was energy depleting in low‐task‐interdependent contexts (Study 2) but increased employees' energy in high‐task‐interdependent contexts (Study 1). Our findings suggest different forms of day‐to‐day relational job crafting behaviors are relevant for employees' energy and performance, but their effectiveness may depend on the relational job‐design context.
Diverse and multifunctional roles for perlecan (HSPG2) in repair of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Melrose James , Guilak Farshid
Published: July 2024

Perlecan is a widely distributed, modular, and multifunctional heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which facilitates cellular communication with the extracellular environment to promote tissue development, tissue homeostasis, and optimization of biomechanical tissue functions. Perlecan‐mediated osmotic mechanotransduction serves to regulate the metabolic activity of cells in tissues subjected to tension, compression, or shear. Perlecan interacts with a vast array of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through which it stabilizes tissues and regulates the proliferation or differentiation of resident cell populations. Here we examine the roles of the HS‐proteoglycan perlecan in the normal and destabilized intervertebral disc. The intervertebral disc cell has evolved to survive in a hostile weight bearing, acidic, low oxygen tension, and low nutrition environment, and perlecan provides cytoprotection, shields disc cells from excessive compressive forces, and sequesters a range of growth factors in the disc cell environment where they aid in cellular survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The cells in mechanically destabilized connective tissues attempt to re‐establish optimal tissue composition and tissue functional properties by changing the properties of their ECM, in the process of chondroid metaplasia. We explore the possibility that perlecan assists in these cell‐mediated tissue remodeling responses by regulating disc cell anabolism. Perlecan's mechano‐osmotic transductive property may be of potential therapeutic application.
Umbilical Vein Flows and Cardiac Size, Shape, and Ventricular Contractility in Fetuses With Estimated Weight Less‐Than 10th Centile
Authors: Putra Manesha , Peek Emma Elizabeth Helen , Devore Greggory R. , Hobbins John C.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

In a cohort of patients with estimated fetal weights (EFWs) <10th centile, we aimed 1) to compare the prevalence of abnormalities of fetal 4‐chamber view (4CV) cardiac size, shape, and ventricular contractility in fetal growth restricted (FGR) and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses and 2) to compare umbilical vein flow (UVF) measurements to standard Doppler surveillance in predicting abnormalities of cardiac function.

Methods

Prospective observational cohort study of fetuses with EFW <10th percentile. Measurements of size and shape used were 4CV transverse width, 4CV cardiac area, 4CV global sphericity index, and right‐to‐left ventricular mid‐chamber width ratio. Variables of contractility used were fractional shortening change at the mid‐ventricle chamber, global longitudinal strain, fractional area change, and left ventricular cardiac output. The UVF and standard Doppler surveillance including umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery, and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) were collected. Control data were from previously published studies.

Results

A total of 95 fetuses with EFWs <10th centile were included in the study. The rates of abnormalities of cardiac size and shape and ventricular contractility were all significantly elevated compared with normally grown control fetuses but similar between FGR and SGA fetuses. In a subset of 76 patients with UVF data, evaluation UVF identified more patients with any abnormality of contractility compared with UA (37.9 vs 17.2%, P = .02).

Conclusions

The addition of UVF doubled the detection rate of ventricular contractility abnormalities. The addition of UVF should be considered in the surveillance of FGR and SGA fetuses to further stratify the severity of hypoxemia and to identify those at greater risk for future cardiovascular dysfunction.
Preparation and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Axial Fullerenol‐Substituted Phthalocyanines
Authors: Xu Rui , Xu Haonan , Zhu Min , Li Wei , Zhang Yunhe
Published: July 2024

This research presents the optical limiting properties of a novel axially linked D‐A type compound, LaPc‐C60(OH)n, where lanthanide phthalocyanine serves as the donor and fullerenol as the acceptor. The incorporation of fullerenol expands the π‐conjugated system, decreases the aggregation of the phthalocyanine, and significantly increases the solubility of the compound. The establishment of this D‐A system promotes intramolecular electron transfer, effectively improving both the non‐linear optical (NLO) response and optical limiting properties. In addition, homogeneous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite films (LaPc‐C60(OH)n/PMMA) are prepared using a simple solution casting method. Compared to fullerenol or lanthanum phthalocyanine individually, LaPc‐C60(OH)n exhibited a superior NLO response both in solution and in the solid composite film. In particular, LaPc‐C60(OH)n/PMMA demonstrated an increase in the non‐linear absorption coefficient (2050 cm GW−1) and a larger third‐order magnetization (1.84 × 10−8 esu). In addition to exhibiting an excellent NLO response at 532 nm, LaPc‐C60(OH)n also shows significant NLO enhancement at 1064 nm, extending the limiting range into the near‐infrared region. This behavior is attributed to different nonlinear absorption mechanisms and the synergistic effect that arise from the photo‐induced electron transfer process between the fullerenol and LaPc.
Highly Stretchable, Transparent, Self‐Healing Ion‐Conducting Elastomers for Long‐Term Reliable Human Motion Detection
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Wu Meng , Pan Mingfei , Zhou Chengliang , Sun Yongxiang , Huang Pan , Yang Lin , Liu Jifang , Zeng Hongbo
Published: July 2024

The flexible electronic sensor is a critical component of wearable devices, generally requiring high stretchability, excellent transmittance, conductivity, self‐healing capability, and strong adhesion. However, designing ion‐conducting elastomers meeting all these requirements simultaneously remains a challenge. In this study, a novel approach is presented to fabricate highly stretchable, transparent, and self‐healing ion‐conducting elastomers, which are synthesized via photo‐polymerization of two polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs) monomers, i.e., methacrylic acid (MAA)/choline chloride (ChCl) and itaconic acid (IA)/ChCl. The as‐prepared ion‐conducting elastomers possess outstanding properties, including high transparency, conductivity, and the capability to adhere to various substrates. The elastomers also demonstrate ultra‐stretchability (up to 3900%) owing to a combination of covalent cross‐linking and noncovalent cross‐linking. In addition, the elastomers can recover up to 3250% strain and over 94.5% of their original conductivity after self‐healing at room temperature for 5 min, indicating remarkable mechanical and conductive self‐healing abilities. When utilized as strain sensors to monitor real‐time motion of human fingers, wrist, elbow, and knee joints, the elastomers exhibit stable and strong repetitive electrical signals, demonstrating excellent sensing performance for large‐scale movements of the human body. It is anticipated that these ion‐conducting elastomers will find promising applications in flexible and wearable electronics.
SIRT1 silencing promotes EMT and Crizotinib resistance by regulating autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway in EML4‐ALK L1196M and EML4‐ALK G1202R mutant non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Yang Qian , Sun Keyan , Gao Tianyu , Gao Ying , Yang Yuying , Li Zengqiang , Zuo Daiying
Published: July 2024

Most EML4‐ALK rearrangement non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients inevitably develop acquired drug resistance after treatment. The main mechanism of drug resistance is the acquired secondary mutation of ALK kinase domain. L1196M and G1202R are classical mutation sites. We urgently need to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of drug resistance to study the therapeutic targets of mutant drug‐resistant NSCLC cells. The silent information regulator sirtuin1 (SIRT1) can regulate the normal energy metabolism of cells, but its role in cancer is still unclear. In our report, it was found that the SIRT1 in EML4‐ALK G1202R and EML4‐ALK L1196M mutant drug‐resistant cells was downregulated compared with EML4‐ALK NSCLC cells. The high expression of SIRT1 was related to the longer survival time of patients with lung cancer. Activation of SIRT1 induced autophagy and suppressed the invasion and migration of mutant cells. Further experiments indicated that the activation of SIRT1 inhibited the phosphorylation level of mTOR and S6K by upregulating the expression of AMPK, thus activating autophagy. SIRT1 can significantly enhanced the sensitivity of mutant cells to crizotinib, improved its ability to promote apoptosis of mutant cells, and inhibited cell proliferation. In conclusion, SIRT1 is a key regulator of drug resistant in EML4‐ALK L1196M and G1202R mutant cells. SIRT1 may be a novel therapeutic target for EML4‐ALK drug resistant NSCLC.
Team Science Approaches to Unravel Monogenic Parkinson's Disease on a Global Scale
Authors: Junker Johanna , Lange Lara M. , Vollstedt Eva‐Juliane , Roopnarain Karisha , Doquenia Maria Leila M. , Annuar Azlina Ahmad , Avenali Micol , Bardien Soraya , Bahr Natascha , Ellis Melina , Galandra Caterina , Gasser Thomas , Heutink Peter , Illarionova Anastasia , Kanana Yuliia , Keller Sarmiento Ignacio J. , Kumar Kishore R. , Lim Shen‐Yang , Madoev Harutyun , Mata Ignacio F. , Mencacci Niccolò E. , Nalls Mike A. , Padmanabhan Shalini , Shambetova Cholpon , Solle J. C. , Tan Ai‐Huey , Trinh Joanne , Valente Enza Maria , Singleton Andrew , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Lohmann Katja , Fang Zih‐Hua , Klein Christine ,   the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2)
Published: July 2024

Background

Until recently, about three‐quarters of all monogenic Parkinson's disease (PD) studies were performed in European/White ancestry, thereby severely limiting our insights into genotype–phenotype relationships at a global scale.

Objective

To identify the multi‐ancestry spectrum of monogenic PD.

Methods

The first systematic approach to embrace monogenic PD worldwide, The Michael J. Fox Foundation Global Monogenic PD Project, contacted authors of publications reporting individuals carrying pathogenic variants in known PD‐causing genes. In contrast, the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program's Monogenic Network took a different approach by targeting PD centers underrepresented or not yet represented in the medical literature.

Results

In this article, we describe combining both efforts in a merger project resulting in a global monogenic PD cohort with the buildup of a sustainable infrastructure to identify the multi‐ancestry spectrum of monogenic PD and enable studies of factors modifying penetrance and expressivity of monogenic PD.

Conclusions

This effort demonstrates the value of future research based on team science approaches to generate comprehensive and globally relevant results. © 2024 State of New South Wales and The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Strategies to Manage Poorer Outcomes After Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review of Current Understanding, Unanswered Questions, and Future Directions
Authors: Karimijashni Motahareh , Ramsay Tim , Beaulé Paul E. , Poitras Stéphane
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Although hip or knee arthroplasty is generally a successful intervention, it is documented that 15%–30% of patients undergoing arthroplasty report suboptimal outcomes. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the key findings concerning the management of poorer outcomes after hip or knee arthroplasty.

Method

A comprehensive search of articles was conducted up to November 2023 across three electronic databases. Only studies written in English were included, with no limitations applied regarding study design and time.

Result

Efficiently addressing poorer outcomes after arthroplasty necessitates a thorough exploration of appropriate methods for assessing recovery following hip or knee arthroplasty, ensuring accurate identification of patients at risk or experiencing poorer recovery. When selecting appropriate outcome measure tools, various factors should be taken into consideration, including understanding patients' priorities throughout the recovery process, assessing psychometric properties of outcome measure tools at different time points after arthroplasty, understanding how to combine/reconcile provider‐assessed and patient‐reported outcome measures, and determining the appropriate methods to interpret outcome measure scores. However, further research in these areas is warranted. In addition, the identification of key modifiable factors affecting outcomes and the development of interventions to manage these factors are needed.

Conclusion

There is growing attention paid to delivering interventions for patients at risk or not optimally recovering following hip or knee arthroplasty. To achieve this, it is essential to identify the most appropriate outcome measure tools, factors associated with poorer recovery and management of these factors.
Robust tensor recovery via a nonconvex approach with ket augmentation and auto‐weighted strategy
Authors: Xie Wenhui , Ling Chen , He Hongjin , Zhang Lei‐Hong
Published: July 2024

In this article, we introduce a nonconvex tensor recovery approach, which employs the powerful ket augmentation technique to expand a low order tensor into a high‐order one so that we can exploit the advantage of tensor train (TT) decomposition tailored for high‐order tensors. Moreover, we define a new nonconvex surrogate function to approximate the tensor rank, and develop an auto‐weighted mechanism to adjust the weights of the resulting high‐order tensor's TT ranks. To make our approach robust, we add two mode‐unfolding regularization terms to enhance the model for the purpose of exploring spatio‐temporal continuity and self‐similarity of the underlying tensors. Also, we propose an implementable algorithm to solve the proposed optimization model in the sense that each subproblem enjoys a closed‐form solution. A series of numerical results demonstrate that our approach works well on recovering color images and videos.
Determination of the true density and the filler content of pinus sylvestris wood particles in polymer‐wood‐composites
Authors: Bruchmüller Matthias , Puch Florian
Published: July 2024

Measuring the natural fiber content in fiber‐filled polymers remains challenging. Conventional methods, such as density calculations based on the specific bulk densities of the mixed components or determining the remaining fiber weights after calcination, often yield inaccurate results. Even helium pycnometer measurements tend to overestimate the true density of natural fibers. This study introduces a novel and potentially more cost‐effective method to accurately determine the true density of natural filler materials. The approach involves mixing these fillers into plastic melts and injection molding them under pressures up to 1000 bar. Using this method, the true density of Pinus sylvestris heartwood chips combined with a lactic acid polymer was precisely calculated as 1.40092 g/cm3 ± 0.0102 g/cm3. Knowing the true density of material like Pinus sylvestris heartwood offers an accurate calculation of filler content in unknown recycled mixtures. This method can calculate the amount of wood fillers in polymer compounds, such as those from former decking, fences, privacy screens or soundproof wall claddings.

Highlights

Precise method to determine specific actual densities of biofillers

High‐resolution CT measurements of polymers filled with wood fibers

Localization of density fluctuations in wood fiber filled polylactide

Methodology for measuring the biofiber content of recyclates
Compression behavior and design optimization of triggered glass fiber reinforced polymer square tubes
Authors: Baykasoğlu Cengiz , Baykasoğlu Adil , Erdin Muhammed Emin , Cetin Erhan
Published: July 2024

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite tubes have become increasingly popular in crashworthiness applications. On the other hand, square section GFRP tubes are prone to damage in a catastrophic failure mode in the early stages of the crushing process. At this point, triggering mechanisms have great potential to ensure deformation in progressive mode and improve the compression performance of GFRP tubes. Motivated by these facts, this paper aims to optimize the compression performance of square GFRP tubes by implementing notch‐type triggering mechanisms. The effects of notch width, number and length on the axial compression response of tubes were investigated to determine the optimal trigger configurations that would maximize specific energy absorption (SEA) and minimize peak crushing force (PCF). Experiments were conducted based on Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design, and Taguchi coupled Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method was employed for optimizing multiple responses. The optimization results revealed that the proposed trigger mechanisms induced progressive crushing by preventing catastrophic failure, thereby significantly improving the compression performance of GFRP tubes. In particular, the results showed that the PCF of intact GFRP tube decreased by up to 38%, while SEA increased by up to 130% with the help of proposed trigger mechanism.

Highlights

The compression performance of square GFRP tubes improved by notch‐type triggering.

The notch width, length and number were chosen as design parameters.

Taguchi experimental design was used to find the best configuration of design parameters.

The optimum configurations were examined through the entropy‐WASPAS approach.

The results revealed that significant improvements can be achieved using trigger mechanism.
A bio‐based reactive P/N synergistic flame retardant for improving the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Ren Bin , Ma Rui , Li Xiuyun
Published: July 2024

A high‐efficiency bio‐based P/N synergistic flame retardant (PVFD) is synthesized by combining furfurylamine and vanillin. The compound incorporates two different valence states of phosphorus as flame retardant structures, namely phenylphosphoryl dichloride (PPDC) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐ phosphophenyl‐10‐oxide (DOPO). PVFD and epoxy resin (EP) can cure into a cross‐linked network, thus not only improving the mechanical properties of EP but also achieving P/N synergistic flame retardant effects. Experimental results demonstrate that EP/PVFD‐5 obtained by adding 5 wt% of PVFD to EP passes the UL‐94 test and achieves V‐0 grade, whose limiting oxygen index (LOI) is up to 38.0%. EP/PVFD‐5 exhibits a decrease of 10.14% in peak heat release rate (PHRR), 16.90% in total heat release (THR), and 10.0% in total smoke release (TSP), while the residual carbon content increases by 8.5%. Additionally, the bending strength, bending modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break of EP/PVFD‐5 increase by 3.9%, 4.9%, 45.1%, and 26.3%, respectively.

Highlights

The bio‐based raw materials we used are eco‐friendly and readily available.

PVFD, an efficient P‐N synergistic compound, was synthesized.

PVFD promotes the char formation of EP and dilutes the O2 concentration.

PVFD does not cause the degradation of mechanical properties of EP.
Revisiting Winnow: A modified online feature selection algorithm for efficient binary classification
Authors: Narasimhulu Y. , Kolambkar Pralhad , China Venkaiah V.
Published: July 2024

Winnow is an efficient binary classification algorithm that effectively learns from data even in the presence of a large number of irrelevant attributes. It is specifically designed for online learning scenarios. Unlike the Perceptron algorithm, Winnow employs a multiplicative weight update function, which leads to fewer mistakes and faster convergence. However, the original Winnow algorithm has several limitations. They include, it only works on binary data, and the weight updates are constant and do not depend on the input features. In this article, we propose a modified version of the Winnow algorithm that addresses these limitations. The proposed algorithm is capable of handling real‐valued data, updates the learning function based on the input feature vector. To evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm, we compare it with seven existing variants of the Winnow algorithm on datasets of varying sizes. We employ various evaluation metrics and parameters to assess and compare the performance of the algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms all the other algorithms used for comparison, highlighting its effectiveness in classification tasks.
6‐2: High Subthreshold Swing a‐IGZO Driving TFTs Without Mobility Degradationfor Low‐Gray Level Image Quality Improvement in Active‐Matrix OLED
Authors: An Soobin , Park Junhyeong , Lee Jinkyu , Yun Yumin , Lee Soo-Yeon
Published: July 2024

In this paper, high subthreshold swing (SS) amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated using a sputtered Al2O3 layer, which was deposited on an active layer of the conventional bottom‐gate a‐IGZO TFTs and patterned using photolithography. By optimizing the Al2O3layer, high SS without mobility degradation could be achieved.
7‐2: Truly Bi‐stable Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Based Modulators
Authors: Swaminathan Vigneshwaran , Vashchenko Valerii , Vashchenko Olena , Bhadra Debjyoti , Mathew Chris , Kwok Hoi-sing , Srivastava Abhishek. K.
Published: July 2024

We developed a novel method for achieving long‐term (>24 hours) true bi‐stability in helix‐free Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (FLCs). Instead of employing asymmetric boundary conditions, traditionally used for achieving bi‐stability, we utilized symmetric boundary conditions and carefully optimized the anchoring conditions on both the top and bottom substrates using the photoalignment technology. The key to the newly observed long term bi‐stability is the twisted alignment structure. Surface roughness was found to play a crucial role in achieving sustained bi‐stability. This breakthrough holds promise for developing truly bi‐stable, fast modulators for photonic applications.
7‐3: Analysis of a 1.2‐in. 4k2k LCOS Display Phase Modulator for Holographic Display Applications
Authors: Yang Jhou-Pu , Chiu Po-Sheng , Tsai Chun-Wei
Published: July 2024

This developed 1.2‐inch 4K2K LCOS with 76.0 lp/mm spatial resolution can still achieve high phase accuracy and obviously enlarge field‐of‐viewing (FOV) angle compared with previous 0.55‐inch 2K1K LCOS. The holographic image quality within phase‐only LCOS not only can be improved by using higher phase accuracy and compensation technologies, but also can realize the real 3D imaging into near‐eye displays to avoid the VAC phenomena. In addition to, the holographic 4K2K LCOS (26.6mm x 15.8mm) optical design can achieve lighter optical engine and reconstructed square (26.6mm x 26.6mm) image per eye, so that it has advantages of more feasible driving condition and cost competition. As high‐speed technologies of display electronics, liquid crystal, and optical algorithm were gradually mature, the above 1.2" phase‐only LCOS with both high pixel resolution and smaller pixel pitch will be another choice into the VR & MR headsets utilized video see‐through (VST) method. Meanwhile, the 1.2” 4K2K LCOS with enhanced FOV can be alternative scheme for AR glasses using optical see‐through (OST) method before the trade‐off between volume, brightness, and FOV angle are resolved.
10‐2: Temperature‐Dependent Electrical and Emissive Behavior of UV‐Excited Cd‐Free QD MicroLED Display
Authors: Tzen Chihkwang , Ko Wenpo , Hsu Chiayu , Lee Kuosheng , Liao Chinyueh , Wang Chingtung , Chang Dengkai , Zhu Mingwei , Ng Hou T , Ganapathi Sivapackia
Published: July 2024

A 1.37” smart‐watch size active‐matrix microLED display prototype was fabricated by Cd‐free R/G/B quantum dots pumped by UV microLEDs in an innovative 4‐sub‐pixel architecture. The temperature‐dependent emission properties from such quantum dot display have been studied based on the competing processes between LTPS TFT output current and UV microLED radiance. Our studies show that with proper thermal treatment, the photo brightening of QDs can be stabilized within 5%. This presents a promising route to develop microLED displays with brightness insensitive to operation temperature up to 90ºC.
10‐3: Distinguished Paper: Reducing Resolution Loss in Naked Eye 3D Display Using Dual Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (FLC) Shutters for Time‐multiplexed Light Field Display
Authors: SUN Zhi-Bo , YUAN Zheng-Nan , HUO Yi-Peng , DONG Shou-Cheng , CHEUNG Alex , VASHCHENKO Valerii , VASHCHENKO Olena , SRIVASTAVA Abhishek , KWOK Hoi-Sing
Published: July 2024

Usually, the resolution loss is serious in light field display due to the spatial multiplexing of several neighboring pixels to display images from different directions. With the limitation in the resolution of the flat panel display, the light field 3D display shows insufficient display size, image depth, or resolution. This article utilized the FLC with a fast response at 2 kHz and the optimized charge compensation method to achieve a high refresh time multiplexing method, which can effectively increase the display resolution by up to 32 times and is very promising for light field 3D displays in the future.
11‐4: Invited Paper: Advanced Augmented Reality Head‐Up Display Utilizing Micro LED Display Technology
Authors: Yang Chiu-Lien , Lin Chih-Lung , Hsieh Hong-Sheng , Kuo Shu-Ming , Weng Rueyjer , Kuo Kuan-Hung , Hsieh Tsau-Hua , Hsieh Chih-Yung , Chang Shu-Hui , Wu Yung-Hsun
Published: July 2024

This article presents an AR HUD using micro LED technology for enhanced brightness and image quality. It utilizes micro LED's high brightness to merge AR images seamlessly with external views and employs Nature 3D technology to improve the HUD's 3D depth, significantly boosting vehicle safety.
16‐3: Distinguished Paper: Vergence‐Accommodation Conflict Increases Time to Focus in Augmented Reality
Authors: Spiegel Daniel P. , Erkelens Ian M.
Published: July 2024

Vergence‐Accommodation Conflicts (VAC) occur in neareye displays when the binocular disparity of the 3D rendered content (vergence) does not match the display focal distance (accommodation). VAC has been shown to reduce perceptual image quality, cognitive performance, and oculomotor coordination. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of VAC on visual performance in augmented reality (AR). Specifically, we quantified the impact of AR VAC on the ‘Time to Focus’ (TTF); when the user switches focus between real world content and worldlocked AR rendered content. Our results show that TTF increases exponentially with VAC. The increase is more pronounced at closer vergence distances in displays with focal distance of 1 D or longer. Finally, we showed that VAC may have a differential effect across age groups; specifically, older users may be affected more in closer focal and longer vergence distances 186‐189.
17‐3: Study on Rollable AMOLED Performance Improvement
Authors: Shi Shiming , Luo Xiaofei , Zhu Wenxiu , Chu Shangchieh , Wang Tao , Li Zhao , Zhang Song , Wang Dawei , Qiu Haijun
Published: July 2024

By considering rollable AMOLED display and application, optical and mechanical performances are discussed and optimized solutions are introduced. Different COE designs for rollable AMOLED are compared in power consumption, L‐decay and reflection. A rollable AMOLED module structure is designed with the impact absorption layer of the hybrid cover. Based on finite element simulation and neutral layer theory, module stack is optimized, accumuled strain is eliminated. Rollable performance and impact resistance are balanced. A portable device with rollable AMOLED is developed. Its mechanical design for rollable display application is introduced.
17‐4: Quantifying Surface Quality due to Periodic Linear Waviness of a Rollable Display
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Cheon Wooyoung , Jung Eunsook , Seok Sangjun , Park Bomi , Jang Cheol
Published: July 2024

Rollable display has a characteristic feature in assessing surface quality which is caused by a periodic supporter structure. In the presence of such periodic deformation, we suggest a method to quantify them and verified a correlation with human recognition by performing a cognitive experiment. Our method can be utilized in assessing the surface quality including any linear and periodic component.
19‐4: Invited Paper: Digital Driving on Silicon Microdisplay for XR
Authors: Han Jun-Han , Wang Yun , Wheelwright Brian
Published: July 2024

Microdisplay on silicon backplane is a promising architecture for XR systems. While digital circuitry is advantageous on silicon backplane, digital driving display introduces visual artifacts. First, we investigated the mechanism and solution of visual artifacts relevant for XR displays. Next, we proposed a intraframe time warp (ITW) to compensate for visual artifacts from head motion. ITW provide benefits to µOLED displays in XR systems by utilizing the higher frequency of digital driving. Lastly, we studied a 4K resolution digital µOLED displays expecting more than 40% of power saving in driving. The proposed digital driving solution with ITW is advantageous in power consumption and visual performance, however, the development of related technology is crucial to build the system.
21‐2: Modulus Spectroscopy and Capacitance‐Voltage Measurement of OLEDs as Tools for Estimating Charge Dynamics
Authors: Nan Ji , Zhang Yupei , Huang Zhi , Chen Long , Lee Bong‐Geum
Published: July 2024

In the past few decades, the injection and transporting characteristics of charge carriers in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been analyzed using hole‐only and electron‐only devices (HODs and EODs). However, such methods cannot fully explain the dynamic characteristics of OLEDs such as charge accumulation and recombination. In this study, we well‐established the combination of modulus spectroscopy and capacitance‐voltage measurement and applied it to describe the carrier dynamics in OLED devices.
21‐3: Closed‐Form Expression for the Current‐Voltage Characteristics of OLEDs
Authors: Ahmed Khaled
Published: July 2024

The development of OLED displays is a non‐ergodic process in which there is continuous novel change; and comprehending emitters that are evolving requires new theory, or at least modification of that which is already possessed. For the first time, a new data‐validated closed‐form physics‐based expression is derived for the I‐V characteristics of OLEDs in this paper. Two parameters emerge from the new model: liminal current and liminal voltage. Both parameters are expressed in terms of device and material parameters, allowing a device engineer to intuitively design experiments to target low voltage operation OLEDs. Robust parameter extraction methods are proposed and validated with experimental data.
22‐2: Significant Improvement of a‐IGZO Source‐Gated Transistor Current over Traditional Design through Architecture Modification
Authors: Sihapitak Pongsakorn , Bermundo Juan Paolo S. , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: July 2024

We introduce a new architecture, alternative double work function (a‐DWF), device to dramatically enhance the output current of source gated transistors (SGT) while retaining low voltage saturation. The smaller output current of SGT and previous DWF devices compared to conventional thin‐film transistors (TFT) has previously limited their application range.
23‐4: Research on LCD Strength Improvement Based on Neural Networks Algorithm
Authors: Sun Yansheng , Liu Wei , Deng Yong , Zha Guoping , Geng Yuxu , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Dayu , Cheng Yiming , Li Yucheng , Yang Sheng
Published: July 2024

Aiming at the display fragmentation caused by insufficient module strength of ultra-thin and narrow design, a module strength prediction model is proposed to improve LCDs strength immunity and provide design guide, The comparison between the experiment measurement and the predicted results shows that the model can accurately predict the module strength under different design conditions and provide effective technical support and guidance.
24‐1: Visible Difference Predictors: A Class of Perception‐Based Metrics
Authors: Chapiro Alexandre , Hanji Param , Ashraf Maliha , Asano Yuta , Mantiuk Rafal
Published: July 2024

The Visible Difference Predictors are a class of data driven, white box, efficiently implemented image or video difference metrics. They model important aspects of perception like spatial and temporal vision, foveation, and more, and are calibrated on datasets relevant for display and graphics applications. In this paper, we present a historic retrospective of VDPs, and a high‐level technical overview and comparison to other metrics in the literature. Finally, we put forward a practical guide for selecting the appropriate metric for a given engineering problem and discuss how metrics can be effectively combined with subjective testing for high‐confidence assessments.
25‐2: Capacitor‐Based Driving Scheme of Electrophoretic E‐Paper Display for Future Self‐Powered Applications
Authors: Gu Yifan , Zhu Simu , Qiu Zhiguang , Fan Qitian , Shi Jintao , Chen Weichun , Peng Lisha , Qin Zong , Deng Shaozhi , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: July 2024

In recent years, electrophoretic display (EPD) attracts great attention for its ultra‐low power consumption, which is suitable for self‐powered applications. In this case, an energy storage system, simple as the capacitor, is essential for the self‐powered driving of EPDs. However, significance on the capacitor‐based driving of EPDs was underestimated in spite of its great practical value. This paper investigated the capacitor‐based driving of EPD for better performances of self‐powered EPDs. Based on this novel scheme, sports shoes with self‐powered EPD patterns were demonstrated as the future wearable applications.
26‐1: Embedded a‐Si Photo‐Transistor Sensors Integration in Remote Optical Touch‐input Panel Using Four‐Mask Process Architecture Technology
Authors: Cho An‐Thung , Yang Feng‐yun , Zhang Young , Wang Ming‐liang , Feng Jin‐chang , Chen Ni , Li Wen‐xin , Ruan Ting‐ting , Guo Dong‐sheng , Lin Steve , Hsu James , Chen Wade
Published: July 2024

An optical type touch‐input flat panel is designed. The driving system is based on the passive pixel sensor (PPS) array with amorphous silicon (a‐Si) TFT technology. The embedded sensing structure of the optical sensor is using the a‐Si TFT phototransistor and four‐mask process architecture technology. This paper presents a primary optical pixel sensor circuit that utilizes hydrogenated amorphous silicon photo‐transistor sensor. The a‐Si TFT phototransistor sensor is high reliability by using Multi‐N+ layer in the a‐Si TFT structure.
29‐1: Invited Paper: Spin‐Orbital Coupling Enhancement and Exciton Manipulating Targeting Narrowband and Highly Stable OLEDs
Authors: Tang Xun , Adachi Chihaya
Published: July 2024

Enhancing the spin‐orbital coupling (SOC) of emitters and manipulating excitons is critical to improving organic lightemitting diode (OLED) stability. In this work, the multipleresonance (MR) emitters with an accelerated reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate were designed. Meanwhile, the charge carrier and exciton behaviors in the device were investigated, resulting in a promising device lifetime LT95 (95% of the initial luminance of 1000 cd m −2) exceeding 400 hours.
30‐3: Direct Observation of 2 Delta L in a‐IGZO TFT Using Scanning Capacitance Microscopy
Authors: Lee Hyunsoo , Lee Woo-Geun , Kim Yu-Jin , Kim Kangnam , Kim Songhee , Syn Seongyeol , Kim Beom Jun , Yoon Kapsoo
Published: July 2024

Herein, we have directly investigated a 2 delta L as the diffusion length in a‐IGZO TFT using a scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) technique at the cross section of TFTs instead of indirect normal transmission line method (TLM). Moreover, we revealed that the difference of 2 delta L leads the variation of total parastic capacitance in devices, which play a key role in the properites of EL currents in case of display devices.
31‐4: Curved and Fast Response Time Vertical‐alignment (VA) Liquid Crystal Gaming Display Development
Authors: Cho An-Thung , Du Gui-qing , He Zhi-peng , Wei Chao , Hsu James , Chen Wade
Published: July 2024

We propose a fast response scheme for high definition curved VA LCD Panel. We make curved panel with different dual PI on the Array and CF substrate to obtain different pretilt angle. Fast response liquid crystal (LC) and Larger storage capacitance are used on curved panel, we can obtain fast response time without over driving (GTGavg= 6.2ms, GTGmax =9.1ms).
32‐1: Improving QD Backplane Defect Image Generation Using Automatic Masking in Diffusion Models
Authors: Pan Zhihong , Shenoy Rahul , Balakrishnan Kaushik , Cheng Qisen , Lee Janghwan , Jeon Yongmoon , Jeong Deokyeong , Kim Jaewon
Published: July 2024

The modern QD backplane production line deploys deep learning‐based defect classifier, which uses backplane images, to the auto repair system. However, one key challenge in this application is the lack of defect images available for training when a new product is first introduced. To address this issue, generative models like GAN have been used to generate defect images for new products but the image quality and diversity are not optimal due to unstable training and mode collapse. In this paper, the newest diffusion model is applied for defect image generation. It is trained on both normal (defect‐free) and defect images from new Product A and existing Product B. This allows the model to learn defects from Product B and generate synthetic defect images of Product A from normal images. Using an innovative method to automatically apply masks in diffusion sampling, the generated synthetic images are demonstrated to achieve high image quality and good defect diversity while preserving image fidelity outside the defective region when compared to the input normal image. Experiments are also conducted to train classifiers with generated defect images from different sampling methods. The proposed automatic masking method outperforms other sampling methods in the experiments.
32‐3: Heterogeneous Resource Constrained Reinforcement Learning Photolithography Scheduler with Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network
Authors: Qu Shuhui , Yazdani Kasra , Lee Janghwan
Published: July 2024

In mass manufacturing of OLED displays, photolithography process is a critical bottleneck in production capacity. As a result, effective scheduling of the photolithography process is crucial to the overall throughput, productivity, and efficiency of the production. The processing of OLED panels depends upon heterogeneous resources. Aside from that, the complexity, stochastic nature, and highly dynamic characteristic of the processpresent considerable challenges. To address these, we propose a new framework employing a heterogeneous graph neural networkbased Rainbow algorithm. This framework optimizes the schedule used in photolithography process. Considering the constraints on machines, masks, and the stochastic nature of arrival processes, we optimize for maximizing productivity while minimizing the associated costs. We model the interactions among product lot steps, machines, and masks as a heterogeneous graph. This graph encodes the information of lot steps, machines, and masks into distinctive nodes. We then implement a Graph Attention Networkbased architecture for deep representation learning. This transforms state information into node embeddings for each step of each product lot, facilitating decision‐making. Reinforcement learning agents leverage these embeddings to prioritize products via a parameterized Q‐function. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our approach across multiple evaluation metrics in both static and dynamic environment benchmarks, with a higher winning rate and scheduling reward return when compared to existing reinforcement learning methods.