bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects of Wind-Diesel Generator-Battery Hybrid Power System: A Feasibility Study in Algeria
Authors: Saheb-Koussa Djohra , Koussa Mustapha , Said Nourredine
Published: August 2013

The present work analyses the feasibility of a wind-diesel generator-battery hybrid system. The wind energy resource data are collected from the weather station at the Renewable Energy Development Center of Bouzareah in Algeria. The recorded values vary from 5.5 m/s to 7 m/s at 25 m. The hybrid system analysis has shown that for a household consuming 1,270 kWh/yr, the cost of energy is 1.205 USD/kWh and produces 2,493 kWh/yr in which 93% of electricity comes from wind energy. From this study, it is clear that the optimized hybrid system is more cost effective compared to the diesel generator system alone where the NPC and COE are equal, respectively, to 19,561 USD and 1.205 USD/kWh and 47,932 USD and 2.952 USD/kWh. The sensitivity analysis predicts that the grid extension distance varies from 1.25 to 1.85 km depending on wind speed and fuel price which indicate a positive result to implement a stand-alone hybrid power system as an alternative to grid extension. In addition to the feasibility of this system, it can reduce the emission of the CO2, SO2, and NOx, respectively, from 4758 to 147, from 9.45 to 0.294, and from 105 to 3.23 kg/yr. Investments in autonomous renewable energy systems should be considered particularly in remote areas. They can be financed in the framework of the National Energy Action Plan of Algeria.
Studies on Excess Volume, Viscosity, and Speed of Sound of Binary Mixtures of Methyl Benzoate in Ethers at T=(303.15,308.15, and 313.15) K
Authors: Rathnam M. V. , Ambavadekar Devappa R. , Nandini M.
Published: August 2013

Densities, viscosities, and speed of sound have been determined at T = (303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K for the binary mixtures of methyl benzoate with tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, anisole, and butyl vinyl ether over the entire range of composition. Using these measured values, excess volume VE, deviation in viscosities Δη, excess Gibb’s free energy of activation for viscous flow ΔG*E, and deviation in isentropic compressibility Δks have been calculated. These calculated binary data have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation to determine the appropriate coefficients. The values of excess volume VE and deviation in viscosities Δη are negative over the entire range of composition for all the binary systems at the studied temperatures. The behavior of these parameters with composition of the mixture has been discussed in terms of molecular interactions between the components of liquids.
Flotation and Sorptive‐Flotation Methods for Removal of Lead Ions from Wastewater Using SDS as Surfactant and Barley Husk as Biosorbent
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed A. , Ebrahim Shahlaa E. , Alwared Abeer I.
Published: August 2013

The removal of lead ions from simulated wastewater was investigated using flotation and sorptive‐flotation methods. This was achieved by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant and barley husk as biosorbent. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of various parameters such as pH (3, 5, and 8), initial lead ions concentration (25, 50, and 100) mg/L, flow rates (500, 1000, and 1500 mL/min), and SDS concentration (25, 50, and 100) mg/L. The results show that the removal efficiency was enhanced by about 10% when using sorptive‐flotation compared with flotation only at the same conditions. Langmuir isotherm model with qm = 12.7 and high determination coefficient equal to 0.988 was found to give the best fit to the experimental data compared to Freundlich isotherm model with k = 3.49 and correlation coefficient equal to 0.94. Pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models were studied and the results show that the adsorption data correlated with pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model with k1 equal to 0.122, and this is an indicator to the reversible interaction with equilibrium being established between liquid and solid waste.
Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of (1E)‐1‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐N‐hydroxy‐3‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)propan‐1‐imine
Authors: Attia Mohamed I. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Almutairi Maha S. , Ghoneim Soraya W. , Abdel-Aziz Hatem A. , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: August 2013

Synthesis and characterization of (1E)‐1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐N‐hydroxy‐3‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)propan‐1‐imine (4) are reported. X‐ray crystal structure of the title oxime 4 confirmed its assigned (E)‐configuration. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a  =  13.4292 (3) Å, b  =  8.8343 (2) Å, c = 11.1797 (3) Å, α = 90°, β = 108.873 (2)°, γ = 90°, V = 1255.03 (5) Å3, and Z = 4. The molecules are packed in crystal structure by weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Compound 4 is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of new imidazole‐containing antifungal agents.
A Clean, Simple, and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Aryl (Indolyl) Kojic Acid Derivatives by Kaolin/Ag Nanocomposite as a Reusable Catalyst: A Green Protocol
Authors: Sadeghi Bahareh , Shahedi Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2013

Kaolin/Ag nanocomposite (kaolin/Ag nanocomposite) was synthesized in a nanoreactor by the calcination of the precursor at high temperature and was shown to efficiently catalyze the one‐pot, three‐component reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, kojic acid, and indole derivatives under solvent‐free conditions to afford the corresponding 2‐substituted aryl (indolyl) kojic acid derivatives in high yield.
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnWO4:Er3+Crystals
Authors: Minh Nguyen Van , Hung Nguyen Manh , Xuan Thao Du Thi , Roeffaers Maarten , Hofkens Johan
Published: August 2013

Erbium ion- (Er3+-) doped ZnWO4crystals were synthesized via a hydrothermal method with different erbium concentrations. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. For ZnWO4:Er3+crystals, a pure phase of ZnWO4was obtained without any evidence of impurity present. The SEM images show that the grain size and morphology of ZnWO4:Er3+material depends on the Er3+-dopant concentration. The UV-Vis spectra of ZnWO4:Er3+compounds exhibited an absorption band at about 323 nm (3.83 eV) stemming from the [WO4]2−. Other absorption bands centered at 367, 379, 408, 490, and 522 nm are related to Er3+-ion transitions. Room temperature PL spectra of the ZnWO4:Er3+compounds exhibited visible emission at 515–540 and 545–565 nm corresponding to the2H11/2−4I15/2and4S3/2−4I15/2transitions of Er3+ions, respectively.
Approximating Sets of Symmetric and Positive-Definite Matrices by Geodesics
Authors: Machado L. , Leite F. Silva
Published: August 2013

We formulate a generalized version of the classical linear regression problem on Riemannian manifolds and derive the counterpart to the normal equations for the manifold of symmetric and positive definite matrices, equipped with the only metric that is invariant under the natural action of the general linear group.
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of Episodic Memory Impairment in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Do Episodic Memory Deficits Identified at Classification Remain Evident When Later Examined with Different Memory Tests?
Authors: Klekociuk Shannon Zofia , Summers Mathew James
Published: August 2013

Previous studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been criticised for using the same battery of neuropsychological tests during classification and longitudinal followup. The key concern is that there is a potential circularity when the same tests are used to identify MCI and then subsequently monitor change in function over time. The aim of the present study was to examine the evidence of this potential circularity problem. The present study assessed the memory function of 72 MCI participants and 50 healthy controls using an alternate battery of visual and verbal episodic memory tests 9 months following initial comprehensive screening assessment and MCI classification. Individuals who were classified as multiple-domain amnestic MCI (a-MCI+) at screening show a significantly reduced performance in visual and verbal memory function at followup using a completely different battery of valid and reliable tests. Consistent with their initial classification, those identified as nonamnestic MCI (na-MCI) or control at screening demonstrated the highest performance across the memory tasks. The results of the present study indicate that persistent memory deficits remain evident in amnestic MCI subgroups using alternate memory tests, suggesting that the concerns regarding potential circularity of logic may be overstated in MCI research.
Polder Effects on Sediment‐to‐Soil Conversion: Water Table, Residual Available Water Capacity, and Salt Stress Interdependence
Authors: Radimy Raymond Tojo , Dudoignon Patrick , Hillaireau Jean Michel , Deboute Elise
Published: August 2013

The French Atlantic marshlands, reclaimed since the Middle Age, have been successively used for extensive grazing and more recently for cereal cultivation from 1970. The soils have acquired specific properties which have been induced by the successive reclaiming and drainage works and by the response of the clay dominant primary sediments, that is, structure, moisture, and salinity profiles. Based on the whole survey of the Marais Poitevin and Marais de Rochefort and in order to explain the mechanisms of marsh soil behavior, the work focuses on two typical spots: an undrained grassland since at least 1964 and a drained cereal cultivated field. The structure‐hydromechanical profiles relationships have been established thanks to the clay matrix shrinkage curve. They are confronted to the hydraulic functioning including the fresh‐to‐salt water transfers and to the recording of tensiometer profiles. The CE1/5 profiles supply the water geochemical and geophysical data by their better accuracy. Associated to the available water capacity calculation they allow the representation of the parallel evolution of the residual available water capacity profiles and salinity profiles according to the plant growing and rooting from the mesophile systems of grassland to the hygrophile systems of drained fields.
Evaluation of the Success Criteria for Zirconia Dental Implants: A Four-Year Clinical and Radiological Study
Authors: Borgonovo Andrea Enrico , Censi Rachele , Vavassori Virna , Dolci Marcello , Calvo-Guirado Josè Luis , Delgado Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Maiorana Carlo
Published: August 2013

Objectives. The aim was to evaluate survival and success rates, soft tissue health, and radiographic marginal bone loss (MBL) of zirconia implants placed in the esthetic and posterior areas of the jaws and in association with multiple or single implant restorations after at least 6 months of definitive restoration.Material and Methods. 35 one-piece zirconium implants were utilized for single or partially edentulous ridges rehabilitation. All implants received immediate temporary restorations and six months after surgery were definitively restored. Every 6 months after implant placement, a clinical-radiographic evaluation was performed. For each radiograph, the measurements of MBL were calculated.Results. The results showed that the mean MBL at 48-month followup was 1.631 mm. The mean MBL during the first year of loading was not more significant for implants placed in the first molar regions than for those positioned in other areas. Moreover, no differences in marginal bone level changes were revealed for multiple and single implants, whereas MBL in the first year was observed to be slightly greater for implants placed in the maxilla than for those placed in the mandible.Conclusion. Zirconia showed a good marginal bone preservation that could be correlated with one-piece morphology and characteristics of zirconia implants.
Oxidative Stress Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Keshan Disease (an Endemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy) in China
Authors: Pei Junrui , Fu Wenqi , Yang Liu , Zhang Zhiyi , Liu Yang
Published: August 2013

Oxidative stress and selenoprotein deficiency are thought to be associated with the pathogenesis of Keshan disease (KD). However, to our knowledge, the level of oxidative stress and expression of selenoproteins have not been investigated in the myocardium of patients with KD. In this study, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OH-dG), a marker of oxidative stress, was used to assess the level of oxidative stress, and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) were assessed to reflect the level of selenoproteins. Myocardial samples from 8 patients with KD and 9 non-KD patients (controls) were immunohistochemically stained for 8-OH-dG, TrxR1, and GPx1. The staining intensities were subsequently quantified using Olympus Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. The data showed that the positive rate of 8-OH-dG expression in myocardial nuclei was higher in the KD group (68.6%) than that in the control group (2.4%). In addition, a positive correlation between the positive rate of 8-OH-dG and the degree of myocardial damage was observed in the KD group. The distribution of TrxR1 and GPx-1 was not associated with the distribution of myocardial damage. The expression of these two selenoproteins was higher in the control group than that in the KD group. Our study represents the first report on the expression profiles of oxidative stress and selenoproteins in the myocardium of patients with KD. The level of oxidative stress significantly increased and was positively correlated with the degree of myocardial damage in patients with KD. The selenoproteins, TrxR1 and GPx1, may have a role in the pathogenesis of KD.
A Hybrid Method for Pancreas Extraction from CT Image Based on Level Set Methods
Authors: Jiang Huiyan , Tan Hanqing , Fujita Hiroshi
Published: August 2013

This paper proposes a novel semiautomatic method to extract the pancreas from abdominal CT images. Traditional level set and region growing methods that request locating initial contour near the final boundary of object have problem of leakage to nearby tissues of pancreas region. The proposed method consists of a customized fast-marching level set method which generates an optimal initial pancreas region to solve the problem that the level set method is sensitive to the initial contour location and a modified distance regularized level set method which extracts accurate pancreas. The novelty in our method is the proper selection and combination of level set methods, furthermore an energy-decrement algorithm and an energy-tune algorithm are proposed to reduce the negative impact of bonding force caused by connected tissue whose intensity is similar with pancreas. As a result, our method overcomes the shortages of oversegmentation at weak boundary and can accurately extract pancreas from CT images. The proposed method is compared to other five state-of-the-art medical image segmentation methods based on a CT image dataset which contains abdominal images from 10 patients. The evaluated results demonstrate that our method outperforms other methods by achieving higher accuracy and making less false segmentation in pancreas extraction.
Comparison between Conventional and Minimally Invasive Dynamic Hip Screws for Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures of the Femur
Authors: Mahmood A. , Kalra M. , Patralekh M. K.
Published: August 2013

Background. Intertrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur are one of the most common fractures encountered, and dynamic hip screw with a side plate is the standard treatment. We compared a minimally invasive surgical technique with the conventional surgical technique used in the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures with the dynamic hip screw (DHS) device. Methods. Thirty patients with such fractures were treated with the conventional open technique and 30 with a new minimally invasive technique. Patients in both groups were followed up for 1 year. Results. There was less blood loss, minimal soft tissue destruction, shorter hospital stay, and early mobilization with the minimally invasive technique. Conclusion. The present study finds minimally invasive technique superior to conventional (open) DHS.
In VitroandIn VivoAnticancer Effects of Sterol Fraction from Red AlgaePorphyra dentata
Authors: Kazłowska Katarzyna , Lin Hong-Ting Victor , Chang Shun-Hsien , Tsai Guo-Jane
Published: August 2013

Porphyra dentata, an edible red macroalgae, is used as a folk medicine in Asia. This study evaluatedin vitroandin vivothe protective effect of a sterol fraction fromP. dentataagainst breast cancer linked to tumor-induced myeloid derived-suppressor cells (MDSCs). A sterol fraction containing cholesterol,β-sitosterol, and campesterol was prepared by solvent fractionation of methanol extract ofP. dentata  in silicagel column chromatography. This sterol fractionin vitrosignificantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in 4T1 cancer cells. Intraperitoneal injection of this sterol fraction at 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight into 4T1 cell-implanted tumor BALB/c mice significantly inhibited the growth of tumor nodules and increased the survival rate of mice. This sterol fraction significantly decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and arginase activity of MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the sterol fraction fromP. dentatashowed potential for protecting an organism from 4T1 cell-based tumor genesis.
Multivariate Path Analysis of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration, Inflammation, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kabadi Shaum M. , Liu Longjian , Auchincloss Amy H. , Zakeri Issa F.
Published: August 2013

Background and Aims.Despite growing interest in the protective role that vitamin D may have in health outcomes, little research has examined the mechanisms underlying this role. This study aimed to test two hypotheses: (1) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and elevated hemoglobin A1c; (2) these associations are mediated by serum C-reactive protein (CRP).Methods.Participants aged 20 and older in 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n= 8,655) with measures of serum 25(OH)D, CRP, hemoglobin A1c, and other important covariates were included in the present study. Logistic regression and path analysis methods were applied to test the study hypotheses.Results.Decreased serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly associated with increased odds of T2DM. In males, an estimated 14.9% of the association between 25(OH)D and hemoglobin A1c was mediated by serum CRP. However, this mediation effect was not observed in females.Conclusion.Using a nationally representative sample, the present study extends previous research and provides new evidence that the effect of decreased serum vitamin D concentration on T2DM may proceed through increased systemic inflammation in males. Longitudinal studies and randomized control trials are needed to confirm the present findings.
Efficacy and Safety of Taeeumjowi-tang in Obese Korean Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Park Sunju , Nahmkoong Won , Cheon ChunHoo , Park Jeong-Su , Jang Bo-Hyoung , Shin Yongcheol , Kim Kyung-Soo , Go Hoyeon , Song Yun-Kyung , Ko Seong-Gyu
Published: August 2013

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Taeeumjowi-tang (TJ001) as well as to estimate obesity-related factors.Methods. This was a 12-week trial with 5 visits. A total of 102 participants of both genders were randomized to either TJ001 (n=57) group or the placebo group (n=55). Subjects were administered 7 g of either TJ001 or placebo 3 times a day. The primary outcome was a rate of subjects who lost 5% or more of initial weight. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric parameters, lipid profiles, and body fat composition.Results. The subject response rate of ≥5% weight loss compared to baseline was similar in both groups, and no statistically significant difference was observed (P=0.87). Changes in anthropometric parameters were greater during the first 4 weeks in the treatment group (P<0.0001). There were no significant changes in both within groups and between groups for lipid profile and body fat composition. No adverse event was reported in either group.Conclusion. Although the difference between the groups regarding a rate of subjects who lost 5% or more of initial weight did not show statistical significance, TJ001 appears to be beneficial in safely controlling weight.
Rapid Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Exploiting the Reducing Potential of Trapa bispinosa Peel Extract
Authors: Pandey Sunil , Mewada Ashmi , Thakur Mukeshchand , Shinde Sachin , Shah Ritu , Oza Goldie , Sharon Madhuri
Published: August 2013

Present work reports exceptionally high reducing capacity of Trapa bispinosa to synthesize monodispersed silver nanoparticles (SNPs) within 120 seconds at 30°C which is the shortest tenure reported for SNP synthesis using plants. Moreover, we also instigated impact of different pH values on fabrication of SNPs using visible spectroscopy with respect to time. Percentage conversion of Ag+ ions into Ag° was calculated using ICP-AES analysis and was found to be 97% at pH = 7. To investigate the reduction of Ag+ ions to SNPs, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and open circuit potential (OCP) using 0.1 M KNO3 were performed. There was prompt reduction in cathodic and anodic currents after addition of the peel extract which indicates the reducing power of T. bispinosa peel. Stability of the SNPs was studied using flocculation parameter (FP) which was found to be least at all the pH values. FP was found to be indirectly proportional to stability of the nanoparticles.
Diagnosis Value of the Serum Amyloid A Test in Neonatal Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yuan Haining , Huang Jie , Lv Bokun , Yan Wenying , Hu Guang , Wang Jian , Shen Bairong
Published: August 2013

Neonatal sepsis (NS), a common disorder for humans, is recognized as a leading global public health challenge. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of the serum amyloid A (SAA) test for diagnosing NS. The studies that evaluated the SAA test as a diagnotic marker were searched in Pubmed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Google Network between January 1996 and June 2013. A total of nine studies including 823 neonates were included in our meta-analysis. Quality of each study was evaluated by the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies tool (QUADAS). The SAA test showed moderate accuracy in the diagnosis of NS both at the first suspicion of sepsis and 8–96 h after the sepsis onset, both withQ*=0.91, which is similar to the PCT and CRP tests for the diagnosis of NS in the same period. Heterogeneity between studies was also explained by cut-off point, SAA assay, and age of included neonates. On the basis of our meta-analysis, therefore, SAA could be promising and meaningful in the diagnosis of NS.
Interactions between Cytokines, Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Simões e Silva Ana Cristina , Valério Flávia Cordeiro , Vasconcelos Mariana Affonso , Miranda Débora Marques , Oliveira Eduardo Araújo
Published: August 2013

Fetal hydronephrosis is the most common anomaly detected on antenatal ultrasound, affecting 1–5% of pregnancies. Postnatal investigation has the major aim in detecting infants with severe urinary tract obstruction and clinically significant urinary tract anomalies among the heterogeneous universe of patients. Congenital uropathies are frequent causes of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). Imaging techniques clearly contribute to this purpose; however, sometimes, these exams are invasive, very expensive, and not sufficient to precisely define the best approach as well as the prognosis. Recently, biomarkers have become a focus of clinical research as potentially useful diagnostic tools in pediatric urological diseases. In this regard, recent studies suggest a role for cytokines and chemokines in the pathophysiology of CAKUT and for the progression to CKD. Some authors proposed that the evaluation of these inflammatory mediators might help the management of postnatal uropathies and the detection of patients with high risk to developed chronic kidney disease. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to revise general aspects of cytokines and the link between cytokines, CAKUT, and CKD by including experimental and clinical evidence.
Beyond Poiseuille: Preservation Fluid Flow in an Experimental Model
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Randle Lucy V. , Callaghan Paul T. , Watson Christopher J. E. , Callaghan Chris J.
Published: August 2013

Poiseuille’s equation describes the relationship between fluid viscosity, pressure, tubing diameter, and flow, yet it is not known if cold organ perfusion systems follow this equation. We investigated these relationships in anex vivomodel and aimed to offer some rationale for equipment selection. Increasing the cannula size from 14 to 20 Fr increased flow rate by a mean (SD) of 13 (12)%. Marshall’s hyperosmolar citrate was three times less viscous than UW solution, but flows were only 45% faster. Doubling the bag pressure led to a mean (SD) flow rate increase of only 19 (13)%, not twice the rate. When external pressure devices were used, 100 mmHg of continuous pressure increased flow by a mean (SD) of 43 (17)% when compared to the same pressure applied initially only. Poiseuille’s equation was not followed; this is most likely due to “slipping” of preservation fluid within the plastic tubing. Cannula size made little difference over the ranges examined; flows are primarily determined by bag pressure and fluid viscosity. External infusor devices require continuous pressurisation to deliver high flow. Future studies examining the impact of perfusion variables on graft outcomes should include detailed equipment descriptions.
The Impact ofAspergillus fumigatusViability and Sensitization to Its Allergens on the Murine Allergic Asthma Phenotype
Authors: Pandey Sumali , Hoselton Scott A. , Schuh Jane M.
Published: August 2013

Aspergillus fumigatusis a ubiquitously present respiratory pathogen. The outcome of a pulmonary disease may vary significantly with fungal viability and host immune status. Our objective in this study was (1) to assess the ability of inhaled irradiation-killed or liveA. fumigatusspores to induce allergic pulmonary disease and (2) to assess the extent to which inhaled dead or liveA. fumigatusspores influence pulmonary symptoms in a previously established allergic state. Our newly developed fungal delivery apparatus allowed us to recapitulate human exposure through repeated inhalation of dry fungal spores in an animal model. We found that liveA. fumigatusspore inhalation led to a significantly increased humoral response, pulmonary inflammation, and airway remodeling in naïve mice and is more likely to induce allergic asthma symptoms than the dead spores. In contrast, in allergic mice, inhalation of dead and live conidia recruited neutrophils and induced goblet cell metaplasia. This data suggests that asthma symptoms might be exacerbated by the inhalation of live or dead spores in individuals with established allergy to fungal antigens, although the extent of symptoms was less with dead spores. These results are likely to be important while considering fungal exposure assessment methods and for making informed therapeutic decisions for mold-associated diseases.
Inhibition ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeGrowth and Capsular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis byFructus mume
Authors: Lin Tien-Huang , Huang Su-Hua , Wu Chien-Chen , Liu Hsin-Ho , Jinn Tzyy-Rong , Chen Yeh , Lin Ching-Ting
Published: August 2013

Klebsiella pneumoniaeis the predominant pathogen isolated from liver abscess of diabetic patients in Asian countries. With the spread of multiple-drug-resistantK. pneumoniae, there is an increasing need for the development of alternative bactericides and approaches to block the production of bacterial virulence factors. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS), especially from the K1 and K2 serotypes, is considered the major determinant forK. pneumoniaevirulence. We found that extracts of the traditional Chinese medicineFructus mumeinhibited the growth ofK. pneumoniaestrains of both serotypes. Furthermore,Fructus mumedecreased the mucoviscosity, and the CPS produced in a dose-dependent manner, thus reducing bacterial resistance to serum killing. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses showed thatFructus mumedownregulated the mRNA levels ofcpsbiosynthesis genes in both serotypes, possibly by increasing the intracellular iron concentration inK. pneumoniae. Moreover, citric acid, a major organic acid inFructus mumeextracts, was found to have an inhibitory effect on growth and CPS biosynthesis inK. pneumoniae. Taken together, our results indicate thatFructus mumenot only possesses antibacterial activity against highly virulentK. pneumoniaestrains but also inhibits bacterial CPS biosynthesis, thereby facilitating pathogen clearance by the host immune system.
R-Loop FormationIn Transat an AGGAG Repeat
Authors: Toriumi Kazuya , Tsukahara Takuma , Hanai Ryo
Published: August 2013

Formation of RNA-DNA hybrid, or R-loop, was studiedin vitroby transcribing an AGGAG repeat with T7 RNA polymerase. When ribonuclease T1 was present, R-loop formationin ciswas diminished, indicating that the transcript was separated from the template and reassociated with it. The transcript was found to form an R-loopin transwith DNA comprising the AGGAG repeat, when the DNA was supercoiled. Results of chemical modification indicated that the duplex opened at the AGGAG repeat under negative supercoiling.
CAM and Pediatric Oncology: Where Are All the Best Cases?
Authors: Adams Denise , Spelliscy Courtney , Sivakumar Leka , Grundy Paul , Leis Anne , Sencer Susan , Vohra Sunita
Published: August 2013

Background. Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by children with cancer is high; however, pediatric best cases are rare.Objectives. To investigate whether best cases exist in pediatric oncology using a three-phase approach and to compare our methods with other such programs.Methods. In phase I, Children’s Oncology Group (COG) oncologists were approached via email and asked to recall patients who were (i) under 18 when diagnosed with cancer, (ii) diagnosed between 1990 and 2006, (iii) had unexpectedly positive clinical outcome, and (iv) reported using CAM during or after cancer treatment. Phase II involved partnering with CAM research networks; patients who were self-identified as best cases were asked to submit reports completed in conjunction with their oncologists. Phase III extended this partnership to 200 CAM associations and training organizations.Results. In phase I, ten cases from three COG sites were submitted, and most involved use of traditional Chinese medicine to improve quality of life. Phases II and III did not yield further cases.Conclusion. Identification of best cases has been suggested as an important step in guiding CAM research. The CARE Best Case Series Program had limited success in identifying pediatric cases despite the three approaches we used.
Method of External Potential in Solution of Cauchy Mixed Problem for the Heat Equation
Authors: Kalmenov T. Sh. , Tokmagambetov N. E.
Published: August 2013

Numerous research works are devoted to study Cauchy mixed problem for model heat equations because of its theoretical and practical importance. Among them we can notice monographers Vladimirov (1988), Ladyzhenskaya (1973), and Tikhonov and Samarskyi (1980) which demonstrate main research methods, such as Fourier method, integral equations method, and the method of a priori estimates. But at the same time to represent the solution of Cauchy mixed problem in integral form by given and known functions has not been achieved up to now. This paper completes this omission for the one-dimensional heat equation.
mRNA Expression of MMP-28 (Epilysin) in Gingival Tissues of Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Patients: A Reverse Transcriptase PCR Study
Authors: Padmavati P. , Savita S. , Shivaprasad B. M. , Kripal Krishna , Rithesh K.
Published: August 2013

Background and Objectives. Matrix metalloproteinases degrade extracellular membrane and also release bioactive fragments and growth factors, thus influencing fundamental biological and pathological processes. Epilysin (MMP-28) differs from most other MMPs as it is expressed in a number of normal tissues, suggestive of functions in tissue homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate and compare the mRNA expression of epilysin (MMP-28) in gingival tissues of healthy patients and of patients affected by chronic or aggressive periodontitis.Methods. A total of 60 subjects, 20 periodontally healthy subjects, 20 with chronic periodontitis, and 20 with aggressive periodontitis, were included in this study. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment level. mRNA expression of MMP-28 was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in gingival tissue samples collected.Results. Relative quantification of mRNA expression of MMP-28 was highest in healthy tissues () when compared to subjects with chronic periodontitis () and aggressive periodontitis (), but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion. mRNA expression of MMP-28 was highest in healthy tissues when compared to diseased periodontal tissues suggesting that MMP-28 could act as a biomarker for periodontal health.
Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects and Therapy of Chronic Otitis Media in the “ENT” and Cervicofacial Surgery Ward in the University Hospital of Ouagadougou
Authors: Gyebre Y. M. C. , Ouedraogo R. W.-L. , Elola A. , Ouedraogo B. P. , Sereme M. , Ouattara M. , Ouoba K.
Published: August 2013

Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of chronic otitis media and its therapeutic processes in our context. Patients and Methods. In a prospective study over a period of 1 year (March 2009–February 2010), 79 patients with chronic otitis media have been cared for in the otolaryngology ward of the University Hospital of Ouagadougou. Results. Chronic otitis media (COM) commonly occurs in the age group from 0 to 15 years (40.50%). Otorrhea was the main reason for consultation in 53 cases (67.10%); the most frequently encountered clinicopathological forms were simple COM (71%) followed by otitis media with effusion (24.30%). Intra-auricular instillations of traditional products (46.09%) were the dominant favoring factor. Treatment was essentially through medication in 59 cases with a stabilization of lesions. Endotemporal complications were noticed in 6 cases. Conclusion. The fight against chronic otitis media is carried out through preventive measures of education the of people.
A Comparison between18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Biological and Radiological Findings in Restaging of Hepatoblastoma Patients
Authors: Cistaro Angelina , Treglia Giorgio , Pagano Manuela , Fania Piercarlo , Bova Valentina , Basso Maria Eleonora , Fagioli Franca , Ficola Umberto , Quartuccio Natale
Published: August 2013

Background. In this study we retrospectively evaluated if18F-FDG-PET/CT provided incremental diagnostic information over CI in a group of hepatoblastoma patients performing restaging.Procedure. Nine patients (mean age: 5.9 years; range: 3.1–12 years) surgically treated for hepatoblastoma were followed up by clinical examination, serumα-FP monitoring, and US. CI (CT or MRI) and PET/CT were performed in case of suspicion of relapse. Fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) were carried out for final confirmation if the results of CI, PET/CT, and/orα-FP levels were suggestive of relapse. PET/CT and CI findings were analyzed for comparison purposes, using FNAB as reference standard.Results.α-FP level was suggestive of disease recurrence in 8/9 patients. Biopsy was performed in 8/9 cases. CI and PET/CT resulted to be concordant in 5/9 patients (CI identified recurrence of disease, but18F-FDG-PET/CT provided a better definition of disease extent); in 4/9 cases, CI diagnostic information resulted in negative findings, whereas PET/CT correctly detected recurrence of disease.18F-FDG-PET/CT showed an agreement of 100% (8/8) with FNAB results.Conclusions.18F-FDG-PET/CT scan seems to better assess HB patients with respect to CI and may provide incremental diagnostic value in the restaging of this group of patients.
Solving Integral Representations Problems for the Stationary Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Ren Yudong
Published: August 2013

When solutions of the stationary Schrödinger equation in a half-space belong to the weighted Lebesgue classes, we give integral representations of them, which imply known representation theorems of classical harmonic functions in a half-space.
An Investigation of the Glucose Monitoring Practices of Nurses in Stroke Care: A Descriptive Cohort Study
Authors: Laird Elizabeth Ann , Coates Vivien E. , Ryan Assumpta A. , McCarron Mark O. , Lyttle Diane , Chaney David
Published: August 2013

Glucose derangement is commonly observed among adults admitted to hospital with acute stroke. This paper presents the findings from a descriptive cohort study that investigated the glucose monitoring practices of nurses caring for adults admitted to hospital with stroke or transient ischaemic attack. We found that a history of diabetes mellitus was strongly associated with initiation of glucose monitoring and higher frequency of that monitoring. Glucose monitoring was continued for a significantly longer duration of days for adults with a history of diabetes mellitus, when compared to the remainder of the cohort. As glucose monitoring was not routine practice for adults with no history of diabetes mellitus, the detection and treatment of hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia events could be delayed. There was a significant positive association between the admission hospital that is most likely to offer stroke unit care and the opportunity for glucose monitoring. We concluded that adults with acute stroke, irrespective of their diabetes mellitus status prior to admission to hospital, are vulnerable to both hyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic events. This study suggests that the full potential of nurses in the monitoring of glucose among hospitalised adults with stroke has yet to be realised.
ATF3 Protects against LPS-Induced Inflammation in Mice via Inhibiting HMGB1 Expression
Authors: Lai Pei-Fang , Cheng Ching-Feng , Lin Heng , Tseng Tzu-Ling , Chen Hsi-Hsien , Chen Sung-Ho
Published: August 2013

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers innate immunity mainly via TLR4 signaling. ATF3 is a negative regulator of TLR4 signaling. HMGB1 plays a critical role in the final step of sepsis. However, the mechanisms of ATF3 and the role of HMGB1 in regulating innate immunity-induced sepsis are incompletely understood. In this study, we found that serum HMGB1 levels were 10-fold higher in patients with sepsis than normal controls. We further demonstrated that ATF3 gene knockout in mice subjected to LPS-induced endotoxemia correlates with an increase in the mortality rate and the elevated expression of IL-6, TNF-α, NO, MCP-1, and HMGB1 in the lung tissues or serum. The biochemical effects of ATF3 were observed inin vitromacrophages and blocked by ATF3 siRNA treatment. We have also shown that adeno-associated virus-mediated ATF3 gene transfer protected ATF3 knockout mice from LPS-induced mortality. In addition, ATF3 knockdown increased LPS-induced release of HMGB1. In conclusion, upregulation of ATF3 contributes to the reduced release of inflammatory molecules, especially HMGB1, which induced lung injury and increased the survival rate of mice after LPS challenge. Therefore, suppressing LPS-induced inflammation with ATF3 induction or ATF3 mimetics may be an important strategy for sepsis therapy.
Infrared Target Detection and Location for Visual Surveillance Using Fusion Scheme of Visible and Infrared Images
Authors: Feng Zi-Jun , Zhang Xiao-Ling , Yuan Li-Yong , Wang Jia-Nan
Published: August 2013

The main goal of image fusion is to combine substantial information from different images of the same scene into a single image that is suitable for human and machine perception or for further image-processing tasks. In this study, a simple and efficient image fusion approach based on the application of the histogram of infrared images is proposed. A fusion scheme to select adaptively weighted coefficients for preserving salient infrared targets from the infrared image and for obtaining most spatial detailed information from the visible image is presented. Moving and static infrared targets in the fused image are labeled with different colors. This technique enhances perception of the image for the human visual system. In view of the modalities of infrared images, low resolution, and low signal-to-noise ratio, an anisotropic diffusion equation model is adopted to remove noise and to effectively preserve edge information before the fusion stage. By using the proposed method, relevant spatial information is preserved and infrared targets are clearly identified in the resulting fused images.
Primary Breast Adenocarcinoma in Ectopic Breast Tissue in the Vulva
Authors: McMaster Jason , Dua Anahita , Dowdy Sean C.
Published: August 2013

Introduction. Accessory breast tissue is a rare finding in the general population with an incidence of 1-2%. An even rarer occurrence is accessory breast tissue afflicted with breast carcinoma. We present a brief report discussing diagnosis and management of a patient who presented with primary breast adenocarcinoma in vulval supranumerary tissue.Brief Report. A 60-year-old Caucasian female presented with a lesion in her left vulva that she first identified during adolescence. The lesion began to grow and ulcerate prompting her to receive treatment. Biopsy was inconclusive, and metastatic workup was negative, so her lesion was treated as an isolated breast lump and removed via wide local excision.Conclusion. Primary breast adenocarcinoma of the vulva is exceedingly rare. A paucity of the literature on this topic unfortunately means that strong evidence does not exist detailing the best management of this patient cohort. However, given that histological data confirms these cancers are virtually the same as breast cancers, it logically follows that the best treatment practices for breast cancer may be applied to treat these patients presenting with primary vulva cancers of ectopic breast tissue.
Solving a Fully Fuzzy Linear Programming Problem through Compromise Programming
Authors: Cheng Haifang , Huang Weilai , Cai Jianhu
Published: August 2013

In the current literatures, there are several models of fully fuzzy linear programming (FFLP) problems where all the parameters and variables were fuzzy numbers but the constraints were crisp equality or inequality. In this paper, an FFLP problem with fuzzy equality constraints is discussed, and a method for solving this FFLP problem is also proposed. We first transform the fuzzy equality constraints into the crisp inequality ones using the measure of the similarity, which is interpreted as the feasibility degree of constrains, and then transform the fuzzy objective into two crisp objectives by considering expected value and uncertainty of fuzzy objective. Since the feasibility degree of constrains is in conflict with the optimal value of objective function, we finally construct an auxiliary three-objective linear programming problem, which is solved through a compromise programming approach, to solve the initial FFLP problem. To illustrate the proposed method, two numerical examples are solved.
Recent Developments in Production and Biotechnological Applications of C-Phycocyanin
Authors: Kuddus M. , Singh P. , Thomas G. , Al-Hazimi Awdah
Published: August 2013

An extensive range of pigments including phycobiliproteins are present in algae. C-phycocyanin (C-PC), a phycobiliprotein, is one of the key pigments ofSpirulina, a microalgae used in many countries as a dietary supplement. Algal pigments have massive commercial value as natural colorants in nutraceutical, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, besides their health benefits. At present, increasing awareness of harmful effects of synthetic compounds and inclination of community towards the usage of natural products have led to the exploitation of microalgae as a source of natural pigments/colors. This review describes recent findings about the sources and production of C-PC, with emphasis on specific techniques for extraction and purification, along with potential industrial applications in diagnostics, foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
Fabrication of Polystyrene/Detonation Nanographite Composite Microspheres with the Core/Shell Structure via Pickering Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Xuemei Hou , Hao Ying
Published: August 2013

Polystyrene microspheres coated with detonation nanographite particles have been prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization using azobisisobutylonitrile (AIBN) as initiator in aqueous solutions. In the present techniques, the pristine detonation nano‐graphite particles were employed as stabilizer of Pickering emulsion and then were armored on the as‐prepared polystyrene cores by the thermal polymerization. The composite microspheres of polystyrene/detonation nano‐graphite (PS/DNG) were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA‐DTA), and Fourier transformation infrared spectrum (FT‐IR). FE‐SEM indicates that the resulting samples retain spherical shape, with the uniform size ranging from 100 to 150 μm and good dispersity. FT‐IR presents the possible formation mechanisms of PS/DNG composites. The functional groups on the surface of polystyrene and modified detonation nano‐graphite particles have played an important role for the formation of PS/DNG composites. Moreover, the wettability of different nano‐graphite was also tested.
Reflection and Transmission Phenomena in Poroelastic Plate Sandwiched between Fluid Half Space and Porous Piezoelectric Half Space
Authors: Gupta Vishakha , Vashishth Anil K.
Published: August 2013

The reflection and transmission of elastic waves in porous piezoelectric plate, overlying a porous piezoelectric half space and underlying a fluid half space, is studied. The constitutive and governing equations are formulated for porous piezoelectric materials. The expressions for the mechanical displacements, electric displacements, stresses, and electric potentials are derived for porous piezoelectric plate, porous piezoelectric half space, and fluid half space. The boundary conditions are described for the studied model. The behaviour of reflected and transmitted amplitude ratios relative to frequency, incident angle, thickness, and porosity is observed numerically. The impedance mismatching problem between the dense piezoelectric materials and the surrounding medium can be solved by the inclusion of porosity in dense piezoceramics.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes by H4SiW6Mo6O40/SiO2Sensitized by H2O2
Authors: Yu Li , Huang Yongkui , Yang Yun , Xu Yulin , Wang Guohong , Yang Shuijin
Published: August 2013

H4SiW6Mo6O40/SiO2was sensitized by H2O2solution that significantly improved its catalytic activity under simulated natural light. Degradation of basic fuchsin was used as a probe reaction to explore the influencing factors on the photodegradation reaction. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: initial concentration of basic fuchsin 8 mg/L, pH 2.5, catalyst dosage 4 g/L, and light irradiation time 4 h. Under these conditions, the degradation rate of basic fuchsin is 98%. The reaction of photocatalysis for basic fuchsin can be expressed as the first-order kinetic model. After being used continuously for four times, the catalyst kept the inherent photocatalytic activity for degradation of dyes. The photodegradation of malachite green, methyl orange, methylene blue, and rhodamine B were also tested, and the degradation rate of dyes can reach 90%–98%.