bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF BUYA HAMKA DAN IMPLIKASINYA PADA PENGEMBANGAN MORAL REMAJA
Authors: Amanullah Farhan , Khaeroni Cahaya , Widayat Prabowo Adi
Published: December 2023

Pendidikan akhlak merupakan ukuran kualitas hidup seseorang dan tidak dilihat pada tingkat status, golongan atau harta, tetapi yang membedakan makhluk hidup satu dengan yang lainnya adalah keutamaan budi pekerti. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui pendidikan akhlak dalam perspektif Hamka serta implikasi konsep pendidikan akhlak Hamka dalam pengembangan moral remaja. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan riset pustaka (library research), yaitu penelitian yang mengkaji data-data kepustakaaan sebagai sumber datanya. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah buku Hamka yang berjudul Falsafah Hidup dan karya-karyanya yang lain seperti Lembaga Budi, Lembaga Hidup, Tasawuf Modern, Falsafah Hidup, Akhlakul Karimah, dan yang lainnya. Buya Hamka meyakini moralitas manusia berasal dari tauhid yang diperkenalkan oleh Nabi. Untuk membentuk karakter remaja, penting menanamkan kesopanan serta menggunakan hikmah untuk memilah tindakan benar dan salah. Syaja’ah (kekuatan emosi) harus dipandu oleh nalar, sedangkan iffah (kemampuan menahan diri) diperkuat dengan metode pembiasaan seperti berpuasa. Mengembangkan sifat syaja’ah melalui bergaul dengan individu berani dan membangun rasa percaya diri, serta memperkuat sikap adil dengan pembiasaan yang baik dan motivasi. Pengembangan sifat hikmah dilakukan melalui bimbingan dan teladan yang baik, serta melalui kegiatan risma.
Czynniki kształtujące bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Polski
Authors: Stanisław Stanisław , Marks-Bielska Renata , Piórkowska Kamila
Published: December 2023

Jednym z podstawowych zadań państwa jest zapewnienie obywatelom poczucia bezpieczeństwa. Fundamentem jest bezpieczeństwo energetyczne kraju, które pozwala na zaspakajanie podstawowych potrzeb człowieka. Zagadnienie jest niezwykle ważne, ponieważ decyduje o poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego kraju, a także zamożności i poziomie życia społeczeństwa. Obecnie temat bezpieczeństwa energetycznego jest poruszany bardzo często ze względu na dużą współzależność energetyczną państw oraz pojawiające się zagrożenia. Głównym celem badań i analiz było zidentyfikowanie uwarunkowań osiągnięcia bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w Polsce. Przeanalizowano główne źródła energii wykorzystywane w Polsce pod względem zapotrzebowania, dostępności oraz możliwościach importu z zagranicy. Ukazano stopień zależności od importu nośników energii na tle innych państw UE. Ponadto zapoznano się z przyszłymi założeniami polityki energetycznej UE i Polski oraz z prognozami na najbliższe lata dotyczącymi problemów na rynku energii związanych z wojną. W części empirycznej zaprezentowano wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych na 303 mieszkańcach Polski. Odpowiedzi uzyskano za pomocą kwestionariusza ankietowego, który zawierał metryczkę oraz 19 pytań. Kwestionariusze miały na celu zbadanie opinii mieszkańców Polski nt. zagadnień z dziedziny bezpieczeństwa energetycznego kraju. Poruszono kwestie, takie jak odczucia dotyczące powstania elektrowni jądrowych w Polsce, kierunki polityki energetycznej Polski czy wykorzystanie instalacji OZE. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można stwierdzić, że bezpieczeństwo energetyczne zarówno Polski, jak i całej Europy jest obecnie zagrożone. Jednak, porównując uwarunkowania, tj. poziom uzależnienia od importu nośników energii, możliwości dywersyfikacji dostaw, udział wykorzystania OZE ­­– Polska na tle krajów UE narażona jest na niebezpieczeństwo w mniejszym stopniu. Na podstawie wyników badań ankietowanych wywnioskować można, że respondenci w domach jednorodzinnych coraz chętniej korzystają z instalacji OZE, a niemal połowa respondentów uważała rozwój tego typu źródeł energii za przyszłościowy kierunek. Respondenci są też świadomi szkodliwości węgla i popierają zamykanie kopalni węglowych. Uważają natomiast, że elektrownie jądrowe są potrzebne w Polsce, jednak nie chcą mieszkać w pobliżu tego typu elektrowni, ponieważ uważają je za niebezpieczne. W odczuciu respondentów, bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Polski jest obecnie zagrożone.
Comparative-Legal Analysis of Judgment in Pilot Cases and Judicial Precedent
Authors: Melnyk A.
Published: December 2023

In the article, the legal nature and main features of the institution of model cases are analyzed from a theoretical point of view, in particular the decision in a model case, the main characteristics of the judicial precedent are studied in the doctrinal definition and their comparison is made. A comparative legal analysis of decisions in exemplary cases and court precedent was carried out, which boils down to the following: both are the result of the activity of the court of the highest instance; is the result of solving a specific case; the principle of effect of the decision in the exemplary case is vertical (decisions of courts of higher jurisdiction are universally binding for courts of lower jurisdiction when deciding similar cases), and the principle of effect of court precedent is vertical (must be applied in the ratio decidendi part by lower instances) and horizontal (must be applied by the same court or another court of the same level when deciding "similar" cases; both have a generally binding character when considering the next case, which concerns similar or sufficiently close issues (circumstances of the case); legal conclusions of decisions in exemplary cases and rules of court precedents are directed to judges, who are obliged to implement them, and also for law enforcement by other subjects; however, the decision in an exemplary case is made on the basis of a submission for consideration of one of the typical cases, and a court precedent arises during the consideration of a specific case; the decision in the exemplary case is binding in its entirety and must contain the circumstances clearly defined in the.current legislation, and precedent decisions are binding not in their entirety, but only in part of the ratio decidendi, and the rest of the precedent decision, in particular, legal ones positions formulated by the court "inter alia" ("obiter dictum") are not binding.

The fact that the effect of decisions in exemplary cases, although it has the features of a precedent, is different from it, and this proves that effective changes are taking place in the judicial process
Sabotage and terrorist act, qualification problems
Authors: Zaitsev G.V. , Kolomiets N.V.
Published: December 2023

This article examines the problems of distinguishing the components of criminal offenses provided for in Art. 113 (sabotage) and Art. 258 (terrorist act) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (hereinafter Criminal Code). With the help of the legislative framework: norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure, as well as doctrinal studies of scientists. The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the fact that in modern conditions in Ukraine there is a tendency to increase the number of subversive and terrorist acts, and the analysis of court practice shows that the question of the ratio of such crimes is solved in different ways. One of the leading areas of development of any country in the world is security, the threat of which is terrorist acts. And this is quite understandable, given its nature and migration processes in economically developed countries. As you know, terror (from the Latin terror - fear, horror) is a purposeful terrifying action, as well as an ideology of violence and the practice of influencing public consciousness, associated with intimidation of the population with various forms of illegal violent actions. This issue was studied by the following scientists: A.A. Music, E.V. Laschuk, V.V. Sychevskyi, E.I. Kharitonov, D.O. Oleinikov. Separate aspects of the terrorist act are considered by: V.F. Antipenko, V.V. Burega, G.S. Berest, V.A. Lipkan, V.V. Litvin, R.V. Mukoida, A.I.Pyasetskyi, M.V. Semikin, S.O. Solodovnikov and M.V. Ushich, as one of the ways of political struggle with the use of ideologically motivated violence.The article highlights the analysis of the elements of the composition of a criminal offense, such as a terrorist act and sabotage.To solve the task, the following algorithm for the analysis of relevant legislative provisions and theoretical concepts was proposed, which includes the following structural elements: 1) comparative analysis of criminal law norms on «sabotage» and «terrorist act»: a) establishing the same and different mandatory legal features included in the composition of these criminal offenses; b) comparison of the legislative constructions of the elements of a criminal offense and establishing their significance for the qualification of the latter; c) the punishment of criminal offenses and its significance for solving issues of their qualification; 2) establishment of the possibility of competition of norms provided for in Art. 113 and Art. 258 of the Criminal Code and the development of rules for the qualification of sabotage in such cases, as well as the separation of competition from the ideal and real combination of «sabotage» and «terrorist act».
Pharmaceutical criminal offenses: history and contemporaneity
Authors: Mykhaіlichenko Т.
Published: December 2023

The article researched the so-called "Pharmaceutical criminal offenses”, which are contained in Chapter XIII of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (hereinafter, CCU), where a significant number of norms apply specifically to medicines. The purpose of the article is to study the history of the formation of pharmaceutical criminal offenses, problems of their qualification and the determination of prospects for their improvement. Currently, medicines are mentioned in Chapter XIII of the Special Part of the CCU (Art. 321-2); stupefy medicines that do not contain narcotic or psychotropic or their analogues (Art. 322, 324); medicines that contain narcotic or psychotropic substances or are their analogues (Art. 307, 308, 309, 318, 319 and 320); powerful or poisonous medicines (Art. 306, 321); falsified medicines (Art. 305, 321-1).

During the research, several terminological inconsistencies were revealed; gaps related to the implementation of the Medicrime Convention, in particular, it was stated that medical products are not fully protected by the criminal law, because the CCU refers to medicines, and they are only part of medical products. It was established that certain aggravating circumstances provided for by Art. 13 of the Medicrime Convention, were not taken into account either as qualifying features or by Art. 67 of the CCU; measures have not been taken to ensure the possibility of bringing legal entities to justice for the crimes (Art. 11 of the Medicrime Convention). It was also emphasized that the approach according to which the qualification do as of illegal circulation of narcotic and psychotropic medicines under the articles of the so-called "drug crimes” needs to be reviewed. The problem of the lack of proper qualifications for radioactive (radiopharmaceutical) medicines and smuggling poisonous or powerful medicines has been singled out.
Separate issues of exemption from serving a probationary sentence
Authors: Shilo I.V.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of exemption from serving a sentence with probation on the basis of Art. 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In the article, the authors drew attention to the peculiarities of exemption from serving a sentence (Article 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), the peculiarities and terms of such an appointment; duties imposed by the court on a person released from serving a probationary sentence (Article 76 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The state of the current criminal legislation is considered on the example of court practice. Exemption of a person from serving a sentence with probation is used quite often by the courts, taking into account the conditions contained in Art. 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The first thing the court pays attention to is the term of the imposed punishment, namely, no more than five years, and the absence of specific criminal offenses specified in the article, taking into account the changes made on December 13, 2022. Equally important is the consideration of the identity of the culprit, namely: social status, demographic data, post-criminal behavior, criminal-legal characteristics, etc. And also the presence of mitigating and aggravating circumstances. An important point is the clarification of the Criminal Court of Cassation as part of the Supreme Court of Ukraine regarding exemption from punishment with probation for a criminal offense committed with complicity. A review of previous numerous studies on the subject under consideration and an analysis of the gaps that were pointed out in the conclusions of the studies were carried out.

Special attention was paid to the draft of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the norms contained in it regarding exemption from punishment in connection with probation. A comparison with the current criminal legislation was made, and positive points were identified, such as an increase in the term of the prescribed punishment from five to eight years, except for the one convicted of a crime of the 6th degree of gravity, related to the use of violence. There are also no restrictions in the project regarding a certain category of criminal offenses, for example, corruption or related to corruption, certain military criminal offenses (Articles 403, 405, 407, 408, 429 of the Criminal Code), torture (Part 3 of Article 127 of the Criminal Code). On the basis of the conducted research, meaningful conclusions were made with the indication of problematic points and measures to eliminate them.
Subjects of implementation of measures to combat crime in Ukraine
Authors: Shramko S.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the powers of crime coun­teraction actors, whose activities involve the im­plementation of measures and strategies aimed at preventing negative criminal manifestations, threats, risks, and reducing the potential for neg­ative consequences. Given that protecting internal state security and strengthening law and order is one of the main functions of the state, all author­ities contribute to crime prevention activities. The legislative and executive branches of government carry out measures to combat crime, which are of a different nature. The legislature is vested with the authority to develop the main directions of the fight against crime and to create a sufficient le­gal framework to significantly influence the state's criminological policy. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, as the executive branch of government, is responsible for ensuring public order and combat­ing crime, developing, controlling and coordinat­ing the implementation of crime prevention pro­grammes, organising their scientific support and providing resources.

It is established that local self-government bod­ies occupy an important place among the subjects of combating crime. Attention is drawn to the fact that the regional system of crime prevention in general and certain types of crime in particular is the most effective. On the basis of generalisation of regional programmes (strategies) for ensuring public safety and order (or prevention of offences), the author identifies the subjects (participants) of implementation of these programmes. These are mainly bodies for which combating crime is one of the main functions within law enforcement and law enforcement activities. The author concludes that further research is required to address the issue of adaptation of the system of crime prevention actors to modern criminal threats in the context of martial law and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.
Legal requirements of the prosecutor: foreign experience of legislative consolidation
Authors: Volochiy S.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the foreign experience of legislative consolidation of the prosecutor's legitimate requirements and identifies the prospects for its adoption in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the legal requirements of the prosecutor are aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, and their failure to fulfill them entails liability under Ukrainian law. It is emphasized that the adoption of an effective model of prosecutorial activity can be implemented by Ukraine and will contribute to the unification of legislation for Ukraine's accession to the EU as a member state. The author summarizes that: a) the legislation on prosecution, as well as the name and system of such bodies, may differ significantly, but the essence of the principles and tasks of the prosecution is unified in accordance with EU policy; b) the absence of requirements defined in the relevant legislation on prosecution does not mean their automatic absence in the legislation. Relevant legal requirements and other tools of prosecutorial response are specified and supplemented in national legislation, depending on the tasks and functions of the prosecution service in a particular state; c) the most appropriate for Ukraine to adopt as a basis is the positive experience of post-Soviet states that have demonstrated successful implementation of democratic reforms (primarily the Baltic states - Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia); d) at the national level, it is advisable to specify and enshrine in a separate article the requirements which may be made by the prosecutor within the framework of exercising his/ her powers. The author concludes that specifying the legal requirements of the prosecutor in the Law of Ukraine "On the Prosecutor's Office” from 14.10.2014 may in the future contribute to improving the efficiency of pre-trial investigation, eliminating the possibility of abuse by prosecutors and better protecting the rights of persons to whom the relevant requirements are addressed.
Features of the organization of interaction between the international criminal court and law enforcement structures of Ukraine regarding the investigation of crimes
Authors: Murachov R.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the statistics of the Prosecutor General's Office, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union for Human Rights, and the Kharkiv Human Rights Group regarding the investigation of international war crimes. A sociological survey of NPU employees, the prosecutor's office, lawyers, and victims of war crimes was analyzed, and problematic issues that hinder the effective investigation of international crimes were outlined based on the results. It was found that the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in relation to the investigation of the most serious international crimes is divided into: subject, territorial, universal, temporal and substantive. The subject jurisdiction of the ICC extends to crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. The national system of investigating crimes has been studied since 2014. It is theoretically justified that the key task at the moment is to document the consequences of an armed invasion - in an intensified mode, with the aim of providing both national and international judicial institutions with sufficient evidence, the Office of the General Prosecutor, the SBU, the NPU, the National Guard of Ukraine, other law enforcement structures. The problem of ensuring security during the collection of information by law enforcement officers, as well as other persons involved in the process of transferring information, evidence, testimony, etc., is outlined, because all these processes, as a rule, take place in the combat zone or in the adjacent territories. It was concluded that in order to improve the effectiveness of the investigation of international crimes in Ukraine, it is necessary to implement as soon as possible: a clear policy regarding the national system of prosecution for international crimes; effective coordination of both national and international bodies of pretrial investigation; quick exchange of information; a generalized electronic database of documentation with access to both prosecutors and investigators.
Axiological nature of the principles of law
Authors: Siliuchenko K. , Marchenko A. , Siliuchenko V.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to clarifying the axiological nature of the principles of law, the significance of the principles of law in the legal system, defining their nature, the system of fundamental values that play the role of guidelines in the formation of law.

The principles of law are analyzed using an axiological approach through the understanding of the main legal values: freedom, equality, justice and human dignity. The principles of law must be considered as values, as they express the basic ideas, moral convictions that underlie the legal system. The principles of law are always an important element in the formation and development of society, as they determine the basic rules and standards by which the legal system functions.

The understanding of the axiological aspects of the principles of law is generalized, which helps not only in the development and analysis of legal systems, but also in ensuring their social relevance and purpose in the context of a specific society.

Several main axiological aspects of the principles of law are highlighted. First, the axiological aspects of the principles of law determine those values that are basic and mandatory for recognition within the framework of the legal system. For example, human rights, justice, freedom, etc. Second, principles of law can reflect certain values through specific legal norms. Third, the principles of law protect various values that are considered important for the stability and development of society. Fourth, the values reflected in the principles of law often interact with the socio-cultural context of society and reflect its characteristics and values and are always related to historical development. Fifth, axiological aspects of the principles of law can reflect modern values and meet the needs and expectations of modern society.
Legal Tug-of-War: The Institutional Challenges of the Domestic Prosecution of War Crimes in Ukraine
Authors: Nazarko A.
Published: December 2023

This article navigates the complexities of domestic prosecution of war crimes in Ukraine following Russia's invasion in February 2022. The unprecedented scale of atrocities has presented significant challenges to domestic prosecutors and judges in addressing the multifaceted legal landscape. The research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of various actors' roles, responsibilities, and investigations within Ukraine's national legal and judicial system.

The article offers a comprehensive overview of the infrastructure of domestic criminal prosecution, emphasising the pivotal role played by the national legal and judicial system. It explores the accountability, methods, and investigations associated with war crimes and outlines the general challenges that Ukraine's domestic judicial prosecution system faces.

The research unravels the intricacies of Ukraine's domestic criminal justice system and illustrates its multifaceted responsibilities and functions. By highlighting the critical role of the national legal and judicial system, the article identifies challenges that underscore the complexity of prosecuting war crimes domestically.

The analysis reveals crucial aspects of prosecuting war crimes in Ukraine. Hurdles in navigating the legal terrain, collecting and preserving evidence, securing credible witnesses, and overcoming jurisdictional barriers underscore the need for bolstering investigative capacities and fostering international cooperation. The identified challenges highlight the imperative for enhanced training and capacity-building initiatives within the legal and judicial sectors. The overarching challenge lies in promoting a systemic shift in the legal culture, emphasising accountability for international crimes. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach involving legal reforms, capacity-building, international collaboration, and a cultural shift towards recognising the significance of prosecuting international crimes. Ukraine can effectively pursue justice for such egregious crimes through a comprehensive strategy.
Actualization of cyber resilience and historical origins of the concept of "resilience"
Authors: Korystyn O. , Demediuk S.
Published: December 2023

In this article, cyber resilience is defined as the ability to withstand external shocks caused by cyber risks, recover from them, and adapt to them. The importance of building a cyber resilience system in modern conditions is emphasized and examples of emergency situations of cyberattacks are given. The need to ensure cyber resilience at facilities and institutions is considered, different types of threats aimed at different systems, as well as the consequences of their negative impact are highlighted.

It is noted that resilience and risk management, although interrelated, are still different. Risk management involves quantitative risk assessment, which forms a decision on the most appropriate strategy for responding to them. Resilience is important when risk is incalculable, when hazardous conditions are a complete surprise, or when analytical risk parameters have proven ineffective.

It is emphasized that at a fundamental level, there are certain disagreements about the true meaning of resilience: for some, it implies the ability of a system to withstand a shock and return to its initial state, while for others it is an evolutionary process leading to adaptation and a new state of balance.

Resilience has a long and rich history in various fields of scientific knowledge, including ecology, psychology, and disaster management. One of its main advantages is that it allows complex systems to prepare for adverse events and continue to operate under extraordinary conditions. It is concluded that the "prevent and protect” paradigm, which is still dominant today, is insufficient, and that risk management tools need to be developed in the direction of cyber resilience.
"Municipal values": to determine the parameteral signs of phenomenology
Authors: Baymuratov M.O. , Kofman B.Ya.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the topical issues of defining the parametric features of the phenomenology of "municipal values”. The authors, on the basis of research and analysis of the historical retrospective of the origin and functioning of city self-government, determine the main stages of the appearance, formation and functioning of municipal values. The study of the phenomenology of municipal legal values is accompanied by the construction of a procedural chain "public values - constitutional values - municipal values”, in which the latter are considered as a natural manifestation and result of the activity of both public and constitutional values. A conclusion is made about the special role and significance of municipal legal values, which arose in historical retrospect, and were supplemented by the experience of the existence and functioning of city self-government, the achievements of which were interpreted at other levels of local self­government. This is evidenced by the borrowing by the national legislator of municipal legal values from the state legislation on local self-government and by the international legislator from the array of norms of international public law through the use of the mechanisms of international treaty law. It is also proven that modern international public law actually contains a paradigm that has developed due to the perception by the signatory states of relevant international treaties of the profile focus of international legal standards of local self­government. Its main subject, on the one hand, is the fundamental principles of local democracy, which have been generalized by the Western (European) experience of municipal activity and municipal construction, and on the other hand, they are nothing more than the values of municipalism, which must be borrowed by the post-Soviet states parties to such international agreements that after the collapse of the USSR acquired state sovereignty and entered the circle of independent member states of their European and international community.
Economic strategy to stimulate the regions of Ukraine in the postwar period
Authors: Erfan V. , Koltsov Yu.
Published: December 2023

The post-war economic recovery of Ukraine's regions is a complex and multifaceted process that includes a number of measures and strategies. These paths may differ depending on the particular region, its needs and capabilities, and the political situation in the country. However, the key areas for the post-war economic recovery of Ukraine's regions are: infrastructure development, where regions should invest in the development and modernization of infrastructure, including roads, railways, ports, airports and communications, which will improve the business environment and increase the region's competitiveness; support for small and medium-sized enterprises can be a source of new jobs and stimulate economic development in the regions. This may include financial support, training and advice for entrepreneurs; development of education and science is important for creating a skilled workforce and developing innovative technologies that can increase the competitiveness of the region; support for the agricultural sector for many regions of Ukraine, namely investments in the development of the agricultural sector can improve the quality of life of the rural population and ensure food security; attracting foreign investment, i.e. a favorable investment environment that regional cooperation between different regions and local authorities can facilitate the exchange of experience and resources for joint development.

These ways can be combined in various combinations, depending on the needs and capabilities of a particular region. However, a successful postwar economic recovery requires joint efforts of the government, business, and the public.
Revoking the decision to accept Ukrainian citizenship as a sanction of constitutional and legal responsibility
Authors: Kudriavtseva O.M.
Published: December 2023

The article emphasizes that constitutional and legal responsibility is aimed at legal protection of the Constitution of Ukraine and is closely related to the problems of preventing constitutional offenses. Attention is drawn to the fact that issues of citizenship are closely related to the problems of national security and crime prevention. There are not few cases when citizens of Ukraine also have the citizenship of another country, or even of several countries in addition to the citizenship of Ukraine. The composition of the constitutional offense is considered, it is emphasized that the issue of assessing the objective side of the constitutional offense is decided by the entity empowered to apply the constitutional and legal sanction - to cancel the decision on admission to the citizenship of Ukraine. The reasons for the loss of Ukrainian citizenship and the termination of Ukrainian citizenship as a result of its loss due to the active actions of an adult, aimed at acquiring the citizenship of another state/states, are analyzed. There are signs by which the termination of citizenship differs from the deprivation of Ukrainian citizenship. The powers of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of citizenship, regarding the preparation of applications for the loss of Ukrainian citizenship by persons are characterized; Commission under the President of Ukraine on Citizenship; of the President of Ukraine (issuing acts on acceptance of Ukrainian citizenship and termination of Ukrainian citizenship). Attention is drawn to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, requirements for legislation on Ukrainian citizenship: they should be accessible, clear, and predictable. Defects have been identified in the current Procedure for Proceedings on Applications and Submissions on Ukrainian Citizenship and the Implementation of Decisions, which was approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 215 of 03/27/2001: an exhaustive list of sources from which the authorities of the State Migration Service can obtain information on the grounds has not been determined loss of citizenship of Ukraine by a person; an exhaustive list of documents, their form, content, subject of publication, which confirm that a person will not become stateless as a result of the loss of Ukrainian citizenship, has not been defined. Proposals for improving the above procedure and the practice of its application have been developed.
Electronic voting as an element of electronic democracy: the experience of EU countries
Authors: Pankratova V.O.
Published: December 2023

The rapid development of information technologies and digital transformation affects various spheres of social relations. Democratic processes in the country, particularly voting, are no exception in this direction. Note that voting and elections are the main components of modern societies, as elections impact citizens' lives and well-being. There is a widespread tendency to reduce participation due to the inconvenience of face-to-face voting. One of the methods of increasing the number of voters is the introduction of electronic voting. The author notes that electronic voting covers several types of electronic means in elections for direct voting and counting votes.

The work also considers the peculiarities of the Internet or online voting. The positive aspects of electronic voting are analyzed, in particular, such as the automation and simplification of the election process, the increase in participation, and the depreciation of the time required to announce the results. At the same time, the author points out the risks that arise when using electronic voting: falsification of elections, violation of the secrecy of the election, technical failure, etc.

The paper analyzes the peculiarities of the use of electronic voting machines in Germany and other EU countries. In particular, it indicated that Estonia has a positive experience implementing Internet voting. It had determined that such a vote is unique because it becomes available online only before Election Day during the early voting period, which usually lasts one week.

It emphasized that Estonia remains the only country in the world that has been using a digital voting alternative since 2005, involving young people inside the country and Estonians living abroad in the electoral and political process. The author notes that such success is due to several factors: people's trust in the authorities, a developed data security system, and the availability of a technological foundation built long before the first attempt at e-voting.

It had determined that other countries are trying to adopt Estonia's experience, offering an alternative voting method. The author notes that this is limited to installing special voting machines. The work summarizes that electronic voting involves implementing the latest information technologies for the election process. However, the introduction of electronic voting technology itself needs to be clarified.
Doctrinal approach to the concept of the legal nature of the ecological state
Authors: Hasai O.V. , Mykolyshyn A.F.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the legal nature of the ecological state based on the analysis of foreign and national legislation.

Attention is drawn to the fact that the term "ecological state” in various scientific literature is used in such meanings as "green state”, "eco­state”, "eco-centric state”, "ecologically oriented state”, "ecological state of social justice”, etc.

The normative consolidation of the concept of "ecological state” in foreign countries was analyzed, the scientific literature, and using the systematic method of research, it is necessary to determine several directions of understanding of the "ecological state”. First, the concept of "ecological state” is widely used in foreign countries to describe political and socio-economic systems aimed at protecting the environment and natural resources. These concepts define the state's approach to environmental issues and often indicate that environmental issues are a priority for the government and citizens. Secondly, the "ecological state” must be understood as a system of legal regulation aimed at ensuring ecologically sustainable development through environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. Third, as a system of government bodies, which includes various structures and institutions responsible for the development, implementation and control of environmental policy.

The features that determine its essence and content of an ecological state are summarized, namely: strict compliance with environmental legislation; supporting sustainable development and promoting the use of renewable energy sources; broad powers of environmental protection authorities; preservation of biodiversity; public participation and transparency; provision of environmental education and formation of citizens' eco-awareness; international cooperation in the field of environmental protection, etc.

The author's definition of an ecological state is provided.
The concept and features of the jurisdictional form of protection of personal non-property rights of military personnel
Authors: Levytskyi M.O.
Published: December 2023

Armed aggression on the part of the Russian Federation, during which disputes are resolved with the use of weapons, the commission of terrorist acts and other cruel actions that caused death, maiming, harm to the health of the civilian population and military personnel, as well as a constant threat to independence and state sovereignty, territorial integrity are modern realities of Ukraine. In connection with this situation, among the priorities of the Ukrainian policy, the National Security Strategy of Ukraine defines the protection of the independence and sovereignty of the state, the restoration of territorial integrity within the internationally recognized state borders of Ukraine, and the protection of the rights, freedom, and legitimate interests of the citizens of Ukraine. National interests and ensuring national security. The most important role in solving the tasks of defense and security of the country is played by military personnel who undergo military service - public service of a special nature. Protection of personal non-property rights in a certain form is an objective necessity. The norms of general legislation apply to military personnel, therefore they have general rights, freedoms and duties as natural persons, therefore their protection is carried out in a certain form.

The protection of personal non-property rights of servicemen involves a certain form of protection defined in legislative acts (civil, administrative, criminal, disciplinary). Civil law protection of the civil rights of military personnel means the application of protection measures in a certain civil law form, defined only by acts of civil law or a civil law contract.

Servicemen acquire the right to civil legal protection in case of violation, non-recognition or dispute of civil law, as well as in cases of abuse of law, danger or threat to their life and health.
Peculiarities of the legal status of an interpreter in civil proceedings
Authors: Machuska I.B. , Gulyar T.B. , Machusky V.V.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the legal status of the translator as a participant in the civil process. It is noted that the study of the legal status of the translator is currently a topical issue and requires further research.

It was analyzed that all the subjects of the civil process have different legal status and enjoy different procedural rights depending on the powers exercised by them. It is noted that the translator acts as one of the participants in the civil process and belongs to a separate group of subjects of civil procedural legal relations - "other participants in the civil process”, which guarantees citizens the protection of their violated rights through translation.

It has been proven that the role of the translator in the process of legal translation as a subject of civil proceedings can be defined as one of the most important, since the procedural actions of the translator serve as a means of securing evidence in the civil proceedings. It was found that the participation of the translator in the civil process contributes to the implementation of the principle of equality of the parties.

The article examines the rights and duties of the translator as a participant in the civil process and responsibility for their improper performance. The reasons for involving an interpreter in civil proceedings are analyzed.

The practice of involving the translator as a participant in the civil process was analyzed and the problems of the translator's participation in the civil process were noted. It has been established that supplementing the norms of civil procedural legislation with provisions on improving the translator's participation in civil proceedings will improve his legal status and implement the tasks of civil justice.

It is emphasized that the translation activity requires the translator to have translation competence, which includes special knowledge, abilities and skills necessary for the translator in certain types of translation. The list of basic competencies that a translator must have when performing translation activities in civil proceedings is defined.

The foreign experience of the translator's participation in civil proceedings is analyzed.

It has been investigated that such participants in the civil process as: an expert, an expert on legal issues, a translator, a specialist are persons participating in the legal process and are specialists endowed with special knowledge. It is proposed to make additions to the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding the separation of the specified specialists into a separate group - "participants in the civil process endowed with special knowledge.”

Conclusions were made regarding the need to improve the legal status of the translator in civil proceedings.
Avoidance of duties as a basis for deprivation of parental rights
Authors: Parkhomenko V.O.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the deprivation of parental rights as the most burdensome form of parental responsibility. It has been established that the deprivation of parental rights is a serious measure of influence, which should be carried out exclusively in the best interests of the child. This is stated, in particular, in the norms of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child dated November 20, 1959, the Family Code of Ukraine, the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the Supreme Court of Ukraine.

Avoidance of parental duties can be one of the grounds for deprivation of parental rights. It has been established that, based on judicial practice in the specified area, non-fulfillment of parental duties should be interpreted differently. For example, the courts often regard it as parental evasion when a mother or father avoids paying child support. This reason is based on the thesis that it is impossible to provide care and proper development of the child, medical care and treatment without providing material maintenance. At the same time, in the conditions of Russia's war against Ukraine, the economic situation remains not the best, which may be the reason for non-payment of alimony.

Based on the analysis of court practice, cases of using the instrument of deprivation of parental rights have been identified precisely for the purpose of punishing parents for unstable payment of alimony, for insufficient attention to children, etc. This applies to the use of insignificant grounds for the deprivation of parental rights, namely a small amount of alimony arrears, untimely and incomplete payment, lack of support in desires and additional aspirations.

It was concluded that parents' evasion of raising children, as a reason for deprivation of parental rights, is possible in the case when parents do not create the necessary conditions for the child's physical, emotional or social development, it can be. However, only under the condition of culpable behavior of the parents, their deliberate neglect of their duties should be allowed only when it is impossible to change the behavior of the parents for the better and based on a complex of circumstances, each of which requires careful analysis and justification.
The image of a policeman and the attitude of society towards policemen of different countries
Authors: Timofeev V.P. , Gunko K.O.
Published: December 2023

This article analyzes the image of the police and society's attitudes towards law enforcement in different countries. The study includes various aspects such as the prestige of the profession, the image of law enforcement, and guarantees of professional activity for police officers. The authors consider the experiences of some countries, including Ukraine, and highlight the importance of police reform based on a community-oriented approach. The results of this study can be useful for police officers, law enforcement agencies, and governments in ensuring a positive image of the police and improving relations between police officers and the community.

Special conditions of service, such as a state of emergency, can have both positive and negative impacts on the image of the police and society's attitudes towards them. On the one hand, strengthening loyalty and unity among police officers can enhance their professionalism and effectiveness. On the other hand, a too strong sense of a military atmosphere can lead to the use of violence and human rights violations, which negatively affects the image of the police and citizens' attitudes towards them.

Furthermore, dedication to their duties and readiness to perform them under any circumstances are crucial components of effective police work. This is where high morale is necessary, which is required for effective police work. The responsibility for the safety and order of the country is entrusted to them, and they must always be ready to act. Therefore, the police should strive to ensure the support and respect of the community, reflect their needs, and perform their duties with a high degree of professionalism and ethics.

The article compares the image of the police in different countries and examines how police officers act during times of crisis. It analyzes and compares the approaches of different countries to the development of police activity and their impact on the relationship between the police and citizens during a state of emergency in Ukraine.