bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Strange Case of Tom Bombadil: A Metaphysical Account
Authors: Alen Ontl
Published: December 2024

The aim of this article is to present a coherent account of the identity and narratological purpose of Tom Bombadil by examining various pieces of textual evidence and identifying the historical model on which he is largely based. What is revealed is a metaphysical reality not explored in current literature that reveals the author’s philosophical and theological grounding as part of his universe creation. It reexamines the character in light of those findings and encourages further research.
МОВНА РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЯ ТА КОГНІТИВНІ ОЗНАКИ КОНЦЕПТУ IMAGINATION
Authors: Остапчук Яна Володимирівна
Published: December 2024

Стаття присвячена аналізу вербальної репрезентації концепту IMAGINATION і виявленні його когнітивних ознак. Аналіз словникових дефініцій субстантиву imagination в англомовних лексикографічних джерелах дав змогу виділити основні мотивуючі ознаки, що відображають сам механізм формування та подальшого розвитку концепту. Сконструйовано номінативне поле концепту, до якого входять його номінації – ключове слово та його синоніми. Прослідковано реалізацію лексем-репрезентантів концепту у тексті. Невідповідність створеного образа і реально існуючого стану справ реалізується в конструкціях only in smb’s mind, in smb’s imagination: Уява може характеризуватись згідно критеріїв велика/невелика, вузька/широка. Прикметники, що описують уяву, демонструють наскільки сформована ця здатність у людини, характеризують ступінь реалістичності сформованого у людини образу і вказують на хорошу чи погану роботу фантазії. Образи, якими оперує людина, не обмежуються відтворенням безпосередньо сприйнятого, хоча попередній досвід може бути поштовхом для уявних картин. Виявлено, що перед людиною в образах може постати й те, чого вона безпосередньо не сприймала, і те, чого взагалі не було, і навіть те, чого в такій конкретній формі в дійсності й бути не може. Таким чином, не всякий процес, що протікає в образах, може бути зрозумілий як процес відтворення. Перетворення стає основною характеристикою уяви. До когнітивних ознак концепту відносимо: “конструювання”/“процес творення нових образів”; “уявляти що-небудь”; “контроль”,“здатність розуму бути творчим або винахідливим”. Аналіз мовного матеріалу демонструє різноманітні емоційно-забарвлені конотації концепту. IMAGINATION як концепт отримує таку предикативну характеристику, яка кваліфікує її як здатність створювати предметно-чуттєві картини та образи. Концепт IMAGINATION є актуальним та комунікативно релевантним концептом англомовної концептосфери і представлений чисельним номінативним полем та об’ємною когнітивною структурою.
Sytuacja dłużnika – wyniki badań wśród osób prowadzących działalność gospodarczą
Authors: Kreczmańska-Gigol Katarzyna , Gigol Tomasz , Rekman Remigiusz
Published: December 2024

Nie można prowadzić biznesu bez pozyskania źródeł jego finansowania, a korzystanie z finansowania dłużnego pozwala na szybszy jego rozwój. Przedmiotem artykułu jest odpowiedzialność osób prowadzących działalność gospodarczą za długi z nią związane, ponieważ w Polsce większość działających podmiotów gospodarczych to właśnie osoby fizyczne prowadzące działalność gospodarczą. Postanowiono sprawdzić, z jakich obcych źródeł finansowania korzystają osoby prowadzące biznes, jaka jest moralność płatnicza takich osób i czy zdają sobie sprawę ze swojej odpowiedzialności za długi związane z prowadzonym biznesem. Przeprowadzono badania ilościowe z wykorzystaniem autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety w dwóch turach: od października 2016 r. do stycznia 2017 r. oraz od października do listopada 2023 r. Respondentami były osoby prowadzące działalność gospodarczą – w pierwszym badaniu 95 osób, a w drugim 87 osób. Najczęściej osoby badane korzystały z leasingu i zamierzały z niego korzystać w przyszłości, a najrzadziej korzystały z faktoringu. Na drugim miejscu wśród najrzadziej wykorzystywanych przez respondentów w drugim badaniu znalazł się kredyt obrotowy, który w badaniu pierwszym był drugi wśród najczęściej wykorzystywanych. W drugim badaniu zaobserwowano wzrost skłonności do korzystania z faktoringu, który z ostatniego miejsca awansował na miejsce trzecie. Respondenci deklarowali, że są rzetelnymi dłużnikami. Duża część osób badanych miała wiedzę na temat odpowiedzialności za długi, ale w obu badaniach były osoby, które nie miały wiedzy i nie zdawały sobie z tego sprawy.
W poszukiwaniu skutecznego paradygmatu polityki mieszkaniowej na przykładzie doświadczeń Singapuru
Authors: Łaszek Jacek , Waszczuk Joanna
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja kierunków, w jakich zmierzała polityka mieszkaniowa Singapuru, by zaspokajać potrzeby mieszkaniowe obywateli. Artykuł opisuje studium przypadku państwa o silnie ograniczonej podaży ziemi i wskazuje czynniki sukcesu, które przyczyniły się do polepszania sytuacji mieszkaniowej. Omawiany przykład potwierdza tezę o wysokim zróżnicowaniu problemu mieszkaniowego i skutecznych metod jego rozwiązywania. Nie jest to model uniwersalny i funkcjonujący dobrze w każdym otoczeniu instytucjonalnym i gospodarczym. Przykład singapurski pokazuje, że nie sposób realizować dużych programów mieszkaniowych bez sukcesów ekonomicznych całej gospodarki. Jednak oprócz dobrych wyników gospodarczych, potrzebna jest konsekwentna, długofalowa oraz odpowiednio nakierowana polityka mieszkaniowa wraz z całym otoczeniem regulacyjnym. W przypadku krajów specyficznych zwiększony udział państwa w ramach działania sektora mieszkaniowego zazwyczaj daje dobre efekty.
Why Politicize Immigration? Elections and Anti-Immigrant Policy in Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Joo Song Ha
Published: December 2024

Under what circumstances do autocrats politicize immigration and adopt anti-immigration policy? Much of the existing litera­ture focuses on the politics of immigration in liberal democra­cies, despite the presence of large-scale immigration to illiberal societies. This research shows how different electoral dynamics can shape the politicization of immigration and policies distinctly, focusing on Russia and Kazakhstan. The ruling regime in Russia has actively adopted anti-immigrant rhetoric and policies whereas Kazakhstan has turned a blind eye to undocumented immigrants. I argue that such differences stem from the variation in pressures from the electorate. Putin and his United Russia party are sub­jected to significant pressure imposed by anti-immigrant citizens and political opponents. By contrast, Kazakhstan has been closer to a non-competitive form of authoritarianism, with the regime’s emphasis on inter-ethnic harmony. This research is based on anal­ysis of original qualitative data, including interviews with govern­ment officials, NGOs, local scholars, and migrants, gathered from 11 months of fieldwork in the two countries in 2015–2017.
VI Congresso Internacional de Educação Física e Desportos (IEFD/UERJ)
Authors: Silva Nádia Souza Lima da , Gomes Paulo Sérgio Chagas , Soares André Luiz Conveniente , Costa Ana Clara Oliveira da , Telles Silvio de Cassio Costa , Fonseca Guilherme de Freitas , Venturini Gabriela Rezende de Oliveira , Monteiro Walace David , Borges Juliana Pereira , Gama Dirceu Ribeiro Nogueira da
Published: December 2024

VI Congresso Internacional de Educação Física e Desportos
III Simpósio Internacional de Fisiologia do Exercício
I Seminário de Escola, Esporte e Cultura
Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos (IEFD), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)
USO NEOLIBERAL DO TERRITÓRIO E CONDENADOS/AS DA TERRA: PERMANÊNCIA DA SITUAÇÃO DE INJUSTIÇA E DESIGUALDADE NO TEMPO-ESPAÇO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Castilho Cláudio Jorge Moura de , Morais Hugo Arruda de
Published: December 2024

O objetivo principal do presente escrito é discutir o uso neoliberal – tendência reativada pela dinâmica atual do capitalismo – do território brasileiro, não somente ampliando, mas, ao mesmo tempo, agravando a condição de condenados/as da terra às pessoas pertencentes aos povos indígenas, africanos escravizados, ribeirinhos e seus descendentes. À luz da abordagem crítica da geografia, a qual estuda a sociedade pela categoria território usado permanentemente no âmbito do processo histórico global, utilizamo-nos, notadamente, dos procedimentos metodológicos da revisão da literatura e da superposição de cartas elaboradas para representar os fenômenos ora tratados, em sua transversalidade. Esta escolha aconteceu em função da sua pertinência para compreender o espaço como uma totalidade complexa em permanente movimento histórico. A continuidade da colonialidade do poder e do saber, calcada no eurocentrismo, tem contribuído para a manutenção das injustiças e desigualdades sociais no tempo-espaço brasileiro, condenando as referidas pessoas à condição de subcidadania e de negação, não obstante as conquistas sociais em termos de emancipação ocorridas no curso do movimento histórico. Contudo, a sociedade civil tem-se aproveitado das brechas no sistema capitalista colonial-moderno-racista, algumas das quais ficam e/ou são abertas pelos/as próprios/as condenados/as da terra no sentido de r-existirem na busca da construção de uma outra racionalidade capaz de resgatar a humanidade perdida.
Cost-effectiveness of brentuximab vedotin plus chemotherapy as frontline treatment of stage IV Hodgkin lymphoma in Italy
Authors: Bini Chiara , Marcellusi Andrea , Mennini Francesco Saverio , Ripoli Silvia , Fioravanti Laura , Paly Victoria Federico , Molinari Alexa , Morelli Paolo , Krotneva Stanimira , Li Shujun
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is a rare severe neoplasm, significantly limiting the ability of patients to do daily activities among other impacts of the cancer. Many adult patients present with advanced stage disease (stages III/IV). This analysis investigates the cost-effectiveness of brentuximab vedotin (BV) in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbarzine (AVD) versus ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) for the frontline treatment of stage IV HL in Italy based on data from the ECHELON-1 clinical trial.
Methods: The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the National Health Service using a Markov model with three mutually exclusive health states and a lifetime time horizon. Transition probabilities were taken from the six-year follow-up data of ECHELON-1. Costs were obtained mainly from published literature and national tariffs. For all drugs, ex-factory prices net of the mandatory reductions required by law were considered. Scenarios on possible confidential drug discounts were also explored.
Results: BV in combination with AVD was associated with an increase of € 44,551 in total costs of 1.03 life-years (LYs) and 0.85 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) as compared with ABVD in the base-case scenario. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and the incremental cost-utility ratio were estimated equal to € 43,179/LYs and € 52,257/QALYs, respectively, when based on ex-factory prices. BV in combination with AVD was shown to be a cost-effective option in 24 out of 36 scenarios examining possible confidential discounts (ranging from 0% to 60%) for high-cost drugs included in the analysis based on a € 41,411/QALYs threshold for severe diseases.
Conclusions: Based on data from 6 years of follow-up from the ECHELON-1 trial, BV in combination with AVD has the potential to be a cost-effective option versus ABVD for the frontline treatment of stage IV HL in Italy.
Investigation of Serum PAPP-A, IGF-II, and IGFBP-4 Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - A Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors:   Prof. Dr. Turan Çetin In Vitro Fertilization Center, Adana, Turkey, Mustafa Kemal OZEL , Onur EROL ,   Department of Gynecology, Memorial Hospital, Antalya, Turkey, Gül Alkan BULBUL ,   Training and Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Antalya, Turkey, Hamit Yaşar ELLIDAG ,   Training and Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Antalya, Turkey, KARACA Mehmet ,   Medical Park Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Antalya, Turkey
Published: December 2024

Objective: The etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome involves complex interactions. Defining new
parameters will speed up the diagnostic process. Pregnancy-associated plasma Protein A, Insulin-like
Growth Factor II, and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 are candidates for becoming new
parameters of the diagnostic process. The study aims to investigate the role of these parameters in the
etiopathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Methods: The study was conducted on volunteer women of reproductive age who met the Rotterdam
diagnostic criteria. A total of 87 participants, consisting of 45 patients and 42 healthy controls, were
included in the study. The present study is a prospective, single-center study. The patients' hirsutism
scores were determined with the modified Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system. Ovaries were evaluated,
and Antral Follicle Count measurements were taken. Descriptive statistics were presented. Independent
risk factors were investigated through Logistic Regression Analyses.
Results: It was observed that the antral follicle count, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A, and
Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 values were significantly elevated in the PCOS group. In
the polycystic ovary syndrome cohort, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A values demonstrated a
significant positive correlation with FSH and HbA1c. The inclusion of the hirsutism score as a variable
demonstrated its significance (p=<0.001; OR=19.173, 95% CI: 6.101-60.251), whereas potential
marker levels were not independently associated with polycystic ovary syndrome risk.
Conclusion: Although some measurements between the groups differed in terms of potential markers,
the effectiveness of these three parameters did not reach the level of the hirsutism score.
Critical Realism Reflection Theory in Australia’s VET-Trained Volunteer Bilingual Breastfeeding Support Initiate
Authors:   Australian Breastfeeding Association, Australia, Smith Susan Anne
Published: December 2024

Aim: The research initiative, a collaborative effort, supports the government's role in these programs
through volunteers, which is crucial and underscores the potential benefits of VET programs for
immigrants. Globally, breastfeeding rates have plateaued, and Australia and its diverse cultural groups
present a unique landscape for the emergence of pluralistic societies. This rich diversity has shaped the
shift in breastfeeding rates, characterised by a significant reliance on community-based organisations.
Methodology: Critical realism, as an emergent phenomenon, may be recognised as the 'offspring' of
a complex system. It offers a reflective position. Policies aim to have breastfeeding at the forefront of
health. As a platform for life-long learning, VET holds immense potential to integrate immigrants into
labour markets and empower them, fostering a sense of sustainability and self-reliance.
Findings: This study has been mutually beneficial, highlighting the value of diverse perspectives. In
breastfeeding organisation research, applying critical realism theory has proven valuable, offering
significant insights and underscoring its relevance in this study.
Conclusion: We have enriched our understanding, particularly in the context of small groups as selfhelp. The promotion through the Korean web page was public rather than patient.
Comparison of Income Inequality Using Ratios of the Mean to the Median as a Disparity Coefficient
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan, Torri Kotaro B , Zorumski Charles F ,   Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA,   Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA, Izumi Yukitoshi ,   Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA,   Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
Published: December 2024

Mean and median values are widely used metrics to characterize various populations, but full attention
has not been paid to the meaning of differences in these two measures. We hypothesized that the ratio
of the mean (m) to the median (M) (m/M) could be useful to detect different patterns of distribution in a
population. Analyzing household income of the United States, we found strong correlations between the
m/M ratio and the Gini coefficient over the past 30 years (R2
: 0.9472). The Gini coefficient is predicted
to be 0.37m/M. A similar tendency was observed in Japan over the same period. Furthermore, there is a
strong correlation between these parameters and disposable incomes for 31 Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) and 4 non-OECD nations. Especially for the top half of
countries in the Gini coefficient, the correlation is very strong (R2
: 0.9797 and is predicted to be 0.4m/
M-0.13.) Taken together, the m/M ratio may serve as an alternative index to detect social disparities
when Gini coefficient is not available. The parameter may be also useful to measure deviations in
distributions within populations in other fields of economics and science.
Managing supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in pregnant patients within the emergency department
Authors: Pan Di , Chen Zhongqing , Chen Haibo
Published: December 2024

Background

Pregnancy increases the risk of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) due to physiological changes. This study reviews the management of SVT in pregnant patients in the emergency department (ED).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 15 pregnant patients with SVT treated at Shenzhen Second People's Hospital ED from 2015 to 2023. Treatments included vagal nerve stimulation, pharmacotherapy, esophageal pacing, cardioversion, and radiofrequency ablation.

Results

The average patient age was 30.3 years. All presented with palpitations, and none had hemodynamic instability. Treatment success varied: 3 patients reverted spontaneously, 5 responded to vagal stimulation, and 4 to esophageal pacing. One required verapamil, and another responded to labetalol after failing vagal and pacing treatments.

Conclusion

When managing SVT during pregnancy, it is important to consider the patient's stability, the stage of pregnancy, and the safety of medications. For unstable patients, electrical cardioversion is the preferred option; for stable patients, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or other alternative treatments, such as adenosine, should be considered.
MMPred: a tool to predict peptide mimicry events in MHC class II recognition
Authors: Guerri Filippo , Junet Valentin , Farrés Judith , Daura Xavier
Published: December 2024

We present MMPred, a software tool that integrates epitope prediction and sequence alignment algorithms to streamline the computational analysis of molecular mimicry events in autoimmune diseases. Starting with two protein or peptide sets (e.g., from human and SARS-CoV-2), MMPred facilitates the generation, investigation, and testing of mimicry hypotheses by providing epitope predictions specifically for MHC class II alleles, which are frequently implicated in autoimmunity. However, the tool is easily extendable to MHC class I predictions by incorporating pre-trained models from CNN-PepPred and NetMHCpan. To evaluate MMPred’s ability to produce biologically meaningful insights, we conducted a comprehensive assessment involving i) predicting associations between known HLA class II human autoepitopes and microbial-peptide mimicry, ii) interpreting these predictions within a systems biology framework to identify potential functional links between the predicted autoantigens and pathophysiological pathways related to autoimmune diseases, and iii) analyzing illustrative cases in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmunity. MMPred code and user guide are made freely available at https://github.com/ComputBiol-IBB/MMPRED.
Supplemental effects of Haematococcus pluvialis in a low-fish meal diet for Litopenaeus vannamei at varying temperatures: growth performance, innate immunity and gut bacterial community
Authors: Lin Sihan , Chen Mengdie , Chen Xuanqi , Li Yanmei , Liu Yafeng , Zhang Peinan , Hou Xiangyan , Tan Beiping , Niu Jin
Published: December 2024

This study examined the effects of Haematococcus pluvialis on the growth performance, innate immunity, and gut microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei under different water temperature conditions. Feeding regimens included a 20% fishmeal diet (control), a low-fish meal (LFM) diet with 10% fishmeal and an LFM diet supplemented with 0.03% H. pluvialis. These diets were administered to six groups of L. vannamei at normal (30°C) (NT) and low (20°C) (LT) temperatures (NT_C, NT_LFM, NT_LFM_HP, LT_C, LT_LFM, and LT_LFM_HP) over 8 weeks. The weight gain rate of L. vannamei in group NT_LFM_HP was significantly higher compared to group NT_LFM. Astaxanthin levels and body pigmentation intensity in L. vannamei were significantly increased in the NT_LFM_HP and LT_LFM_HP groups. Moreover, hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), were lower in normal-temperature groups compared to the low-temperature groups. Nevertheless, antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in both the NT_LFM_HP and LT_LFM_HP groups compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the expression levels of antioxidants were significantly higher at lower temperatures compared to higher temperatures, with the NT_LFM_HP and LT_LFM_HP groups exhibiting the highest expression levels. Additionally, the mRNA levels of genes associated with the Toll and IMD pathways indicated immunoregulatory effects in the organism. The expression levels of immune genes were significantly higher at lower temperatures, especially in the NT_LFM_HP and LT_LFM_HP groups compared to the control groups. Notably, significant differences in gut microbial composition were observed in the NT_LFM_HP group compared to other groups, with variations influenced by temperature and fishmeal content. Specifically, Vibrionaceae abundance was significantly lower in the LT_LFM_HP group compared to the control group. The results also revealed that the abundance of Actinomarinales was significantly higher in low-temperature groups, with the LT_LFM_HP group displaying the greatest increase. Overall, these findings suggest that L. vannamei may be susceptible to reduced fishmeal levels, potentially impacting growth and immune function. Furthermore, H. pluvialis supplementation may assist L. vannamei in acclimating to prolonged low-temperature conditions.
Improving surgical quality of care: learning from 8,331 surgical medical malpractice cases
Authors: Chen Qin , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Xiaoyan , Song Pan , Quan Xiaoyan , Xiong Huarong , Wang Dan , Hu Xiaoli , Zhang Hua , Shi Meihong
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of surgical litigation cases and the risk factors that contribute to catastrophic compensation.

Methods

We downloaded and retrieved all cases related to surgical litigation cases from the China Jufaanli Database between 2008 and 2023. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors that may contribute to catastrophic compensation.

Results

This study included a total of 8,331 successfully resolved surgical litigation cases. Of these, 5,114 hospitals were defendants, with 25.34% of them involved in two or more lawsuits, thereby categorized as “repeat defendants.” The total compensation amount was $269,163,545, with the highest compensation reaching $540,008. Most surgical litigation cases were concentrated in the eastern regions of China, with tertiary hospitals being the most frequently involved. The most common type of injury outcome was patient death. Compensation amounts and high compensation rates for severe disability exceeded those for death (p < 0.05). Independent risk factors associated with catastrophic compensation in surgical medical liability disputes included: Eastern region (OR = 1.462, 95% CI 1.038–2.060), secondary liability (OR = 2.457, 95% CI 1.633–3.696), main liability (OR = 9.353, 95% CI 6.195–14.121), major or full liability (OR = 10.878, 95% CI 7.152–16.546), severe disability (OR = 24.605, 95% CI 3.395–178.337), neurosurgery (OR = 3.488, 95% CI 2.265–5.373), thoracic surgery (OR = 1.810, 95% CI 1.017–3.219), general surgery (OR = 2.465, 95% CI 1.593–3.816), hepatobiliary surgery (OR = 3.251, 95% CI 1.980–5.338), gastrointestinal surgery (OR = 2.260, 95% CI 1.391–3.671), cardiovascular surgery (OR = 2.544, 95% CI 1.367–4.733), vascular surgery (OR = 2.916, 95% CI 1.246–6.827), and spinal surgery (OR = 2.921, 95% CI 1.763–4.841).

Conclusion

This study analyzes the characteristics of surgical medical malpractice disputes in China from multiple perspectives and identifies independent risk factors for catastrophic compensation in surgical malpractice litigation. Our research has the potential to aid medical institutions in preventing and reducing surgical malpractice disputes, while also contributing to the provision of improved surgical care and nursing services for patients.
Medial pulvinar stimulation for focal drug-resistant epilepsy: interim 12-month results of the PULSE study
Authors: Pizzo Francesca , Carron Romain , Laguitton Virginie , Clement Audrey , Giusiano Bernard , Bartolomei Fabrice
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial pulvinar nucleus (PuM) in reducing seizure frequency and addressing comorbidities in patients with drug and vagal nerve-resistant focal epilepsy.

Methods

This is an open-label prospective treatment trial with a planned enrollment of 12 patients suffering from medically refractory epilepsy (Clinical trial gov NCT04692701), for which the interim 12-month post-implantation results for the first 6 patients are being reported. Inclusion criteria were focal epilepsy not suitable for or after failed surgical intervention and previous failure of neurostimulation therapies (vagus nerve stimulation or anterior thalamic nucleus DBS). Evaluations included seizure diaries, neuropsychological assessments, and scales for depression, anxiety, quality of life, and seizure severity. PuM DBS was performed using ROSA robotic assistance, with follow-ups every 3 months for 1 year.

Results

Out of six patients, five completed 1-year follow-up (one patient died prematurely). A non-significant trend toward seizure reduction was observed at 6 months, becoming more pronounced at 1 year (mean reduction: 45%; responders: 2/5). Seizure severity significantly improved (p = 0.02), with a reduction in the NHS3 scale scores. Quality of life improved significantly at 1 year (p = 0.03). Psychiatric assessments indicated a non-significant trend toward improvement in depression (mean improvement: 26%) and anxiety (mean improvement: 20%) scores. Neuropsychological testing showed stable or improved cognitive performance in three out of five patients. Adverse events included one case of cerebral hemorrhage, one infection leading to device removal, and one possible SUDEP.

Significance

Preliminary results suggest that PuM DBS may offer a promising therapeutic option for reducing seizure severity and improving quality of life and cognitive functions in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Despite the small sample size and the presence of serious adverse events, the findings warrant further investigation with larger cohorts to confirm these trends and optimize the treatment protocol.
Unveiling radii and neutron skins of unstable atomic nuclei via nuclear collisions
Authors: Tanaka Masaomi , Horiuchi Wataru , Fukuda Mitsunori
Published: December 2024

Total reaction, interaction, and charge-changing cross sections, which are kinds of cross sections standing for total nuclear collision probability in medium-to high-energy region from a few to several hundred MeV, have been extensively utilized to probe nuclear sizes especially for unstable nuclei. In this mini review, experimental techniques and recent findings from these cross sections are briefly overviewed. Additionally, two new methods to extract neutron skin thickness solely from the above cross sections are explained: One is utilizing the energy and isospin dependence of the total reaction cross sections, and the other is the combination of the total reaction and charge-changing cross section measurements.
Factors influencing students’ happiness, vitality, and self-esteem
Authors: Majauskiene Daiva , Istomina Natalja , Valanciene Dovile , Dadeliene Ruta , Sidlauskiene Aurelija , Aukstikalnis Tomas , Jamontaite Ieva Egle , Strazdaite Emilija , Zilinskiene Ramune , Gintiliene Milda , Sarkauskiene Asta , Skurvydas Albertas
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The happiness and well-being of individuals are among the most important components of life. However, there remains a lack of evidence regarding the relationships between students’ happiness, vigor, and self-esteem on the one hand and various complex factors on the other hand.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 397 students from various Lithuanian universities. We determined students’ happiness, self-esteem, vigor, healthy lifestyles, perceived stress, personality traits, academic achievements and motivation by using validated scales.

Results and discussion

The study indicates that while happiness and self-esteem are not linked to healthy lifestyles, vigor is positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and healthy eating, and negatively with body mass index (BMI). Happiness and vigor inversely relate to stress, and happiness and self-esteem inversely relate to depression. Vigor is positively related to extraversion, and self-esteem to neuroticism. Happiness, vigor, and self-esteem are not linked to academic achievements, but happiness relates to non-utilitarian decisions, and self-esteem to emotional intelligence and non-utilitarian decisions. Happiness, vigor, self-esteem were not linked to intrinsic motivation to study, but self-esteem was inversely related to amotivation and childhood violence. This study fills the research gap and deepens the understanding of what determines students’ happiness and vigor, and self-esteem.
Autonomy support, basic needs satisfaction, and involvement in physical education among Norwegian secondary school students
Authors: Langøy Amund , Diseth Åge , Wold Bente , Haug Ellen
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study investigated the relationship between teacher autonomy support, students’ basic psychological needs satisfaction, and involvement in physical education (PE) with gender specific analyses. Additionally, the study examined the validity of a Norwegian version of the Basic Psychological Needs in PE (BPN-PE) scale.

Method

Survey data from the Norwegian 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study.

Results

A structural equation model showed that perceived autonomy support from teacher predicted students’ basic needs satisfaction of competence, autonomy and relatedness. Furthermore, satisfaction of competence predicted weekly PE participation and physical activity during PE among boys. The analyses revealed mean level differences with boys scoring higher than girls on all the investigated variables. The findings also supported the validity and reliability of the BPN-PE scale across genders.

Discussion/conclusion

The study adds knowledge to the understanding of the relationship between autonomy support from teachers, students basic need satisfaction and students’ involvement in PE.
Use of cannabis to manage symptoms of mental and physical health conditions during pregnancy: analysis of a pro-cannabis pregnancy forum
Authors: Gunn Rachel L. , Aston Elizabeth R. , Artis Lia , Nesi Jacqueline , Pedersen Eric R. , Micalizzi Lauren
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Rates of prenatal cannabis use (PCU) have increased in recent years. Despite evidence of developmental health consequences to offspring and birthing person, there has been a reduction in the perception of PCU-related harms. Due to the stigma and risk of legal consequences associated with disclosing PCU, individuals are often cautious to seek information from their healthcare providers. Thus, pregnant people are more likely to seek information from anonymous sources, such as online support forums. Information garnered from these anonymous online forums can shed light on the patterns and motives for cannabis use among this population. These insights can help to better inform prevention efforts aimed at reducing potential harms of PCU and improve intervention efforts.

Methods

Posts (N = 120) from an online pro-cannabis pregnancy forum called “Ganja Mamas” on WhattoExpect.com were randomly selected and analyzed if they covered topics related to PCU. A qualitative coding structure based on the existing PCU literature was created and refined to include other emergent topics. The coding structure was used to apply thematic analysis to posts; associated codes were grouped into themes. Codes specific to symptom management for physical and mental health were subsequently subjected to further conceptual analysis for the current study.

Results

Four themes related to symptom management during pregnancy were identified: 1) cannabis use and impacts of use for a variety of mental health symptoms, including depression and anxiety; 2) cannabis use for physical health symptoms and conditions, such as nausea and pain; 3) use of cannabis to achieve homeostasis and manage stress; 4) decision-making about using cannabis for symptom management, such as using cannabis instead of prescription medications. Most discussions in this pro-cannabis forum reflected perceptions that cannabis was effective in treating the conditions for which it was used; however, limitations of cannabis’ efficacy were also mentioned.

Discussion

There is need for reduced stigma and open communication between pregnant persons who use cannabis and their providers in discussing how to manage their mental and physical health symptoms. Understanding the various symptoms for which individuals use cannabis during pregnancy to self-treat can inform these conversations and the expansion of harm reduction strategies.
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Prognostics and Health Management for Centrifugal Pumps: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khalid Salman , Jo Soo-Ho , Shah Syed Yaseen , Jung Joon Ha , Kim Heung Soo
Published: December 2024

This comprehensive review explores data-driven methodologies that facilitate the prognostics and health management (PHM) of centrifugal pumps (CPs) while utilizing both vibration and non-vibration sensor data. This review investigates common fault types in CPs, while placing a specific emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, for fault diagnosis and prognosis. A key innovation of this review is its in-depth analysis of cutting-edge methods, such as adaptive thresholding, hybrid models, and advanced neural network architectures, aimed at accurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of CPs under varying operational conditions. This review also addresses the limitations and challenges of the current AI-driven methodologies, offering insights into potential solutions. By synthesizing these methodologies and presenting practical applications through case studies, this review provides a forward-looking perspective to empower industry professionals and researchers with effective strategies to ensure the reliability and efficiency of centrifugal pumps. These findings could contribute to optimizing industrial processes and advancing health management strategies for critical components.
Optimized Design and Test of Geometrically Nonlinear Static Aeroelasticity Model for High-Speed High-Aspect-Ratio Wing
Authors: Li Xing , Qian Wei , Xiao Ling , Ai Xinyu , Liu Jun
Published: December 2024

Large transport aircraft tend to adopt a wing layout with a high aspect ratio and swept-back angle due to the requirement of a high lift-to-drag ratio. Composite material is typically employed to ensure the light weight of the structure, causing serious static aeroelasticity problems to the aircraft. When the airplane is flying in the transonic region, its aerodynamic load is very complex, and the large load leads to large deformation of the wing, triggering geometric nonlinear effects, which further affects the static aerodynamic elasticity characteristics of the wing. In this study, in order to study the static aeroelastic characteristics of the transonic flow of a high-aspect-ratio airfoil, a new design method of the scaled similar optimization model is described, and the change in the model lift coefficient due to geometrically nonlinear static aeroelasticity effects when the angle of attack is changed was investigated by using simulation and wind tunnel test methods. In order to ensure the accuracy of the wing shape when the model was deformed greatly, this study employed the structural design scheme of the wing with the skin as the main stiffness component, and the thicknesses of different regions of the skin were used as the design variables for the stiffness optimization design. The engineering algorithm of nonlinear finite elements was used in this study to calculate the curve of lift with the angle of attack considering the geometric nonlinear static aeroelasticity effect. The results show that the similarity optimization process employed in this study can be used to complete the design of the high-speed aerostatic wing test model, and the wind tunnel test results show that geometric nonlinearity has a large impact on the lift coefficient of the wing.
Different Nutritional Regimes in a Tomato Soilless System Affect the Bacterial Communities with Consequences on the Crop Quality
Authors: Beneduce Luciano , Piergiacomo Federica , Sikorska-Zimny Kalina
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of different nutritional regimes on the bacterial communities within the root-growing substrate of a soilless tomato production system and the effects on crop quality. The experiment was conducted with two tomato varieties, Conchita and Sweetelle, under three nutritional treatments: standard, nutrient solution with 20% increased salts and nitrogen and supplementation with the biostimulant Bio-algeen S-90. Bacterial communities in the root substrate were influenced by both the tomato variety and the nutritional regime. Sweetelle exhibited more pronounced shifts in bacterial communities compared to Conchita. An overall increase in bacterial populations with time was observed (+0.38 Log). Specifically, the 20% enhanced nutrient solution had varying effects on bacterial counts in the two tomato varieties, while the biostimulant promoted an increase in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (+0.4 Log). Microbial community analysis highlighted the distinct impact of each nutritional regime on nitrogen-cycling bacteria, which correlated with differences in quality parameters such as the L-ascorbic acid and lycopene contents. In the first case, a decrease (25–30%) was observed, while the lycopene content decreased after harvest (−51% in Conchita variety) but was more stable in the postharvest phase (66–70% lycopene retained, only 44% in the control). This study highlights how increased sources of nutrients and the differential responses of microbial communities to nutritional regimes do not necessarily increase the crop quality and that tailored approaches are required for different tomato varieties.
Monitoring and Signaling of the Most Important Aphid Species in the Territory of Greater Poland and Silesia Provinces
Authors: Roik Kamila , Tratwal Anna , Małas Sandra , Bocianowski Jan
Published: December 2024

Aphids are significant pests affecting crop yields both through direct feeding and as vectors of viruses. The monitoring focused on 10 of the most important aphid species. This study investigates the dynamics of aphid populations in two Polish regions, Winna Góra (Greater Poland Province) and Sośnicowice (Silesia Province), over a five-year period (2019–2023) using Johnson suction traps. Data collection covered species composition, migration timing, and seasonal variations in aphid abundance. Dominance patterns were assessed using a species-specific index, and inter-regional comparisons were analyzed through correlation and principal component analysis. Results indicate notable population peaks during autumn, suggesting this period is optimal for implementing control measures. The Johnson traps proved valuable for timely pest monitoring, offering predictive potential for future aphid migration, particularly in relation to virus-transmitting species critical to plants.
Maize Yield and Quality Response to Lepidoptera Pest Control in Different Periods in South China
Authors: Qi Xuewei , Cheng Sendi , Hong Lin , Wang Xi , Zhong Qiuzan , Jiang Wu , Chen Jian , Liang Yuyong
Published: December 2024

Maize is a major cereal crop worldwide, and its stable production is essential for national and global food security. Pests are among the key factors affecting the yield and quality of maize. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the yield recovery and quality losses after implementing control measures against pests during different periods. In this study, we investigated the population dynamics of the main maize pests in South China and assessed the yield and quality of maize treated with measures for the effective control of these pests during different periods. The results showed that the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, was the most severe pest of autumn maize. There was a 10.02% decrease in ear weight when no control measures were taken at the fourth-leaf stage, and there were 80.45% and 76.09% increases in the damage index when no control measures were taken at the tasseling and blister stages, respectively. Additionally, the tannin content in maize kernels increased by 26.28% when no pest control measures were taken throughout the entire growing period. These findings will increase farmers’ knowledge regarding the detrimental effects of the FAW and provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable and timely control of maize pests.
Effects of Cd-Treated Pepper on Gut Microbiota in Herbivore Cutworm Spodoptera litura
Authors: Chen Jin , Chen Jun-Zhu , Liu Kai-Fen , Liu Shuang , Wu Ting-Ting , Ye Zi , Xiang You-Liang , Shu Ying-Hua , Zhu Xiu
Published: December 2024

The contamination of farmland soil with cadmium (Cd) poses a significant threat to the safety and quality of agricultural products. Herbivorous pests may develop adaptations to survive in Cd-contaminated farmland over time, potentially leading to population outbreaks. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in this adaptation process, though the mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study examined the effects of two pepper cultivars of Capsicum annuum (Chiyan, CY, and Tianlanse, TLS) under Cd contamination on larval growth, development, food utilization, and gut microbiota of Spodoptera litura larvae. The inherent toxicity of TLS is higher than that of CY, as evidenced by a significant reduction in larvae survival rate in the control. In CY, Cd had a positive effect on larvae at low concentrations and a negative effect at high concentrations. Briefly, 5 mg/kg Cd of CY increased the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and relative growth rate (RGR), whereas 10 mg/kg Cd decreased larvae growth and nutritional indices [higher relative consumption rate (RCR), approximate digestibility (AD), and lower efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD)]. In TLS, Cd had a significant, dose-dependent, negative effect on larvae weight, ECD, and relative growth rate (RGR). Cd thus increased the negative effects of the plant toxins on the larvae. Meta-barcode sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that microbial diversity was affected by pepper cultivar but not Cd concentration. In larvae fed on CY, the most frequent bacterial genera were Enterococcus and Pluralibacte, whereas Enterococcus was the predominant genus in TLS larvae. Our findings reveal variations in how Cd impacts S. litura larvae across different pepper cultivars and imply that alterations in gut microbial communities could play a role in the joint detoxification of Cd and plant-derived toxins.
Presence of Borrelia Spirochetes in White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), and Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca): Hospitalized in a Wild Bird Hospital and Sanctuary (Hortobágy, Hungary)
Authors: Bózsik András Pál , Déri János , Bózsik Béla Pál , Egri Borisz
Published: December 2024

Wild birds across the globe can carry the causative agent of avian borreliosis, Borrelia anserina, and that of human Lyme borreliosis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the ticks attached to them. Currently, only limited proof exists for the presence of these pathogens in samples taken from living wild birds, carried by the birds as a reservoir, without symptoms. We investigated blood samples of large-bodied wild birds admitted to a bird hospital, where basic clinical symptoms were recorded. Thirty-six blood samples were collected from them, according to the DualDur kit methodology, and investigated using dark-field microscopy to search for spirochetes. Five of the samples were also investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy to identify Borrelia burgdorferi. Since the main reason for admittance to the hospital was a physical injury, no significant symptoms were observed regarding a current Borrelia infection. Out of the sixteen birds of prey, eleven (68%) were infected with spirochetes, and fifteen out of twenty storks (75%) were also infected with spirochetes, without major symptoms. All five samples investigated using immunofluorescence were confirmed to contain the human pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Thus, direct investigations of the blood of wild birds may show the asymptomatic prevalence of Borrelia in the wild bird population.
New Insight into the Crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Crustacea, Cambaridae): A Morphometric Combined Approach to Describe the Case of a Mediterranean Population
Authors: Pascale Noemi , Azzena Ilenia , Locci Chiara , Deplano Ilaria , Orrù Flavio , Puzzi Cesare , Are Francesco , Scarpa Fabio , Sanna Daria , Casu Marco
Published: December 2024

We adopted a morphometric approach to provide statistical support for the description of two different morphotypes (I, reproductive, II, non-reproductive) firstly observed in Procambarus clarkii specimens caught in a population from Sardinia Island (western Mediterranean). The morphometric study was preceded by molecular taxonomic identification using the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The presence or absence of the pathogen Aphanomyces astaci, responsible for the plague, was also investigated using the ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) marker. The estimation of the size at onset of maturity (SOM) was further performed in males. Finally, the population structure was examined. Our results confirmed the entirety of the individuals as P. clarkii, and the absence of the pathogen A. astaci. Morphological analysis revealed a significant correlation between chela and carapace lengths, while intra- and inter-sexual dimorphism in the chela length confirmed the occurrence of the two morphotypes. The SOM in males was established between 35.0 and 37.1 mm carapace length. Finally, the size-population structure showed a Gaussian distribution. The recognition of the two distinct morphotypes in the crayfish could be useful as an additional tool not only to identify the reproductive period of this invasive crustacean but also to enrich the guidelines for the correct taxonomic identification of the species.