bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification and Validation of Priestley–Taylor Model for Estimating Cotton Evapotranspiration under Plastic Mulch Condition
Authors: Ai Zhipin , Yang Yonghui
Published: February 2016

Compared with more comprehensive physical algorithms such as the Penman–Monteith model, the Priestley–Taylor model is widely used in estimating evapotranspiration for its robust ability to capture evapotranspiration and simplicity of use. The key point in successfully using the Priestley–Taylor model is to find a proper Priestley–Taylor coefficient, which is variable under different environmental conditions. Based on evapotranspiration partition and plant physiological limitation, this study developed a new model for estimating the Priestley–Taylor coefficient incorporating the effects of three easily obtainable parameters such as leaf area index (LAI), air temperature, and mulch fraction. Meanwhile, the effects of plastic film on the estimation of net radiation and soil heat flux were fully considered. The reliability of the modified Priestley–Taylor model was testified using observed cotton evapotranspiration from eddy covariance in two growing seasons, with high coefficients of determination of 0.86 and 0.81 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Then, the modified model was further validated by estimating cotton evapotranspiration under three fractions of mulch cover: 0%, 60%, and 100%. The estimated values agreed well with the measured values via water balance analysis. It can be found that seasonal variation of the modified Priestley–Taylor coefficient showed a more reasonable pattern compared with the original coefficient of 1.26. Sensitivity analysis showed that the modified Priestley–Taylor coefficient was more sensitive to LAI than to air temperature. Overall, the modified model has much higher accuracy and could be used for evapotranspiration estimation under plastic mulch condition.
The Boston Game and the ISIS Match
Authors: Galily Yair , Yarchi Moran , Tamir Ilan , Samuel-Azran Tal
Published: February 2016

The world is becoming largely interconnected. This notion has thought-provoking implications due to the fact that this interdependence affords terrorist organizations opportunities to perpetrate attacks. It is inevitable that an increased risk of terrorism, especially on the forefront of megasporting events, is on the rise due to the global publicity such attacks receive. This article focuses on the Boston Marathon Bombing and the Islamic State and illustrates how high-profile news coverage and coverage on social media (through user-generated content or “terrorist organization”–generated content) advance terrorist groups’ attempts to use large-scale sporting events to leverage their agenda and ideology.
The Grooved Rodent Incisor Recapitulates Rudimentary Teeth Characteristics of Ancestral Mammals
Authors: Li L. , Tang Q. , Jung H.-S.
Published: February 2016

It is known from the paleontology studies of eutherian mammals that incisor numbers were reduced during evolution. The evolutionary lost incisors may remain as vestigial structures at embryonic stages. The recapitulation of the incisor patterns among mammalian species will potentially uncover the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic transition of incisors during evolution. Here, we showed that a minute tooth formed in the presumptive groove region of the gerbil upper incisor at the early developmental stages, during which multiple epithelial swellings and Shh transcription domains spatiotemporally appeared in the dental epithelium, suggests the existence of vestigial dental primordia. Interestingly, when we trimmed the surrounding mesenchyme from incisor tooth germs at or before the bud stage prior to ex vivo culture, the explants developed different incisor phenotypes ranging from triplicated incisors, duplicated incisors, to Lagomorpha-like incisors, corresponding to the incisor patterns in the eutherian mammals. These results imply that the phenotypic transition of incisors during evolution, as well as the achievement of ultimate incisors in adults, arose from differential integrations of primordia. However, when the incisor tooth germ was trimmed at the cap stage, a grooved incisor developed similar to the normal condition. Furthermore, the incisor tooth germ developed a small but smooth incisor after the additional removal of the minute tooth and a lateral rudiment. These results suggest that multiple dental primordia integrated before the cap stage, with the labial primordia contributing to the labial face of the functional incisor. The minute tooth that occupied the boundary of the 2 labial primordia might be implicated in the groove formation. This study sheds light on how rudiments incorporate into functional organs and aids the understanding of incisor evolution.
Prescription Drug Misuse Among College Students
Authors: Watkins William C.
Published: February 2016

Prescription drug misuse (PDM) is a well-documented trend among college students, with a rising prevalence in recent years. Motivations for PDM are an important aspect of the dynamics surrounding this behavior. Using a sample of undergraduate students taken from a large southern university ( N = 841), this study separates users based on their motives into typologies of instrumental, recreational, or mixed motive users and examines the differences between them using a number of social learning, social control, and strain-based risk factors while also comparing them with non-users. The results show that social learning risk factors, specifically those related to the concepts of differential association and differential reinforcement, as well as the use of other drugs, exert the greatest impact on likelihood of PDM between the motivational typologies.
An Analysis of Court Decisions, Statutes, and Administrative Regulations Related to Pregnant Inmates
Authors: Grubb Leah McCoy , del Carmen Rolando V.
Published: February 2016

Pregnant inmates represent about 5% of females within the correctional population. Although this is a small portion of the entire inmate population, it is important to adequately address their needs to protect the health of the mother and the fetus. Many states have failed to properly address this issue. However, the states that appear to be the most comprehensive in terms of their treatment of pregnant inmates are California and Pennsylvania. Other states should model their statutes and administrative regulations after these states to effectively address the needs of pregnant inmates.
Fear Responses to Threat Appeals: Functional Form, Methodological Considerations, and Correspondence Between Static and Dynamic Data
Authors: Dillard James Price , Li Ruobing , Meczkowski Eric , Yang Chun , Shen Lijiang
Published: February 2016

The study tested (a) the extent to which an inverted-U pattern of fear response predicted persuasion, (b) the degree to which the fear curve mediated the effects of the four components of threat appeals on persuasion, (c) the correspondence between the static measures of fear used in between-subjects designs and the dynamic indices required by the within-subject approach, and (d) the methodological threats inherent to dynamic designs. Participants ( N = 418) read a message that advocated for colorectal cancer screening. Results showed that the inverted-U fear curve predicted intention to obtain a colonoscopy, and that susceptibility and response efficacy exerted their influence on persuasion via the fear curve while severity and self-efficacy did not. The static measure of fear showed poor absolute correspondence with the peak and end indices of dynamic fear, but strong pattern correspondence. Hazards to inference posed by dynamic designs of the type used in this study appear negligible.
The Right to Housing: Squatter Settlements in Interwar Belgrade—The Defense and Demolition of Jatagan-mala
Authors: Vuksanović-Macura Zlata , Macura Vladimir
Published: February 2016

This article describes a squatter settlement that arose in Belgrade between the two world wars and the communities that lived in it and fought for their right to housing. At the end of the war in 1918, a completely new phenomenon appeared in Belgrade—the squatter settlement. Jatagan-mala was the largest and best known among them. It is used as a case in point to analyze the municipal authorities’ attitude toward squatter settlements and their residents. It is shown how Belgrade Municipality threatened to demolish Jatagan-mala and then partially tore it down, and how it dealt with those who, as a result, were left without a roof over their head. The article also describes the residents’ battle not to lose their homes. Organized and strong in the beginning, over time, their efforts flagged, and in the end, they haggled over monetary compensation for their demolished homes.
Donor Sibling Networks as a Vehicle for Expanding Kinship
Authors: Hertz Rosanna , Nelson Margaret K. , Kramer Wendy
Published: February 2016

This article replicates an earlier study of mothers who had used the same sperm donor to conceive their children and connected through the Internet. The original study finds that these groups interact mainly on the Internet; donor siblings are latent affiliations that could answer questions about the paternal side. This new study of 2,217 parents and 419 offspring offers a comparison of the manner in which these relationships develop, finding that the movement from latent to active ties occurs at a different moment than the earlier study. The data show that parents and offspring interpret relationships with genetic relatives in some ways that are similar. However, offspring are more likely than parents to view donor siblings as members of their extended family. Replication of the original study with a more diverse sample allows us to determine if the basic findings can be generalized to other participants who share the same circumstances.
Assessment of noise effects of wind turbine on the general health of staff at wind farm of Manjil, Iran
Authors: Abbasi Milad , Monazzam Mohammad Reza , Ebrahimi Mohammad Hossein , Zakerian Seyed Abolfazl , Dehghan Somayeh Farhang , Akbarzadeh Arash
Published: February 2016

The low-frequency noise generated by wind turbines is known as one of the risk factors for health. The aim of this study was to study the noise effect of wind turbine on the general health of staff at Manjil wind farm. For this purpose, workers were divided into three groups: maintenance, security, and office staff. Equivalent sound levels were measured for each group. Individual’s health data were assessed using the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, and multiple regression tests were used for data analysis in the R software. Statistical analysis results showed that the noise exposure is significantly correlated to all sub-scales of general health, except for depression. The low-frequency noise from wind turbines can cause harmful effects on the health of workers that are too close to the wind turbine and receive very intense noise.
Space and Community, Engagement and Empowerment: The Missional Equipping of Children
Authors: Shaw Perry WH , Constantineanu Corneliu
Published: February 2016

The general pattern of Christian children’s ministry has been for adults to deliver structured programs to children. Drawing on the biblical imperative of hospitable space, a more profound understanding is to provide bounded opportunities for children themselves to engage in missional ministry. Implications are suggested for local church ministry and Christian parenting.
The effect of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass on the need for haemofiltration in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Farid Shakil , Povey Hannah , Anderson Simon , Nashef Samer A M , Abu-Omar Yasir
Published: February 2016

Objectives:

The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on renal function and the need for haemofiltration in patients with preoperative renal impairment undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods:

Clinical data were collected prospectively for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with pulsatile CPB (Group A, n=66) and compared to matched patients with standard non-pulsatile CPB (Group B, n=66). Patients included in the study had mild renal impairment and at least moderate risk from surgery as defined by logistic EuroSCORE. Emergency operations were excluded.

Results:

Patients in Groups A and B had similar age (71 ± 10 versus 70 ± 10 years), sex distribution, mean preoperative renal function (creatinine clearance 63.9 ± 28 versus 67.7 ± 27.3 ml/min) and overall risk profile as predicted by the logistic EuroSCORE (8 ± 8.3 versus 11.05±13.3, p=0.122). Intraoperative variables were comparable with respect to bypass and cross-clamp times (96 ± 37 minutes and 64 ± 28 minutes versus 103 ± 40 minutes and 70 ± 33 minutes in Groups A and B, respectively). A smaller proportion of patients in Group A (4.5% versus 15%, p=0.076) required haemofiltration in the postoperative period. Postoperative mortality was low in both groups (Group A 1.54% versus Group B 3.03%, p=1.00).

Conclusion:

Within the limitations imposed by retrospective analyses, our study demonstrates that pulsatile CPB may confer a reno-protective effect in higher-risk patients with pre-existing mild renal dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery.
The relation between clinical scores and quality-of-life in long-term follow-up
Authors: Catarinella Fabio S , Nieman Fred HM , Wittens Cees HA
Published: February 2016

Introduction

Quality-of-life and severity scores are both popular measures in medicine. For deep venous obstruction, the VEINES-QOL/Sym and venous clinical severity score (VCSS) are widely used. Combining a patient-reported outcome with a clinical severity score should give a more sensitive outcome for treatment results. To establish and compare their suitability for deep venous disease, we compared the outcomes of both scores in a group of patients who were interventionally treated for deep venous disease.

Methods

The venous clinical severity scores and VEINES-QOL/Sym scores of a group of patients who had received interventional treatment for deep venous obstruction more than 12 months ago were compared at T0 and T12.

Results

Both the Spearman’s rho and Pearson’s r show a very weak, negative correlation (statistically significant ( p ≤ 0.05)), between the venous clinical severity score and VEINES-QOL at T12 and between the venous clinical severity score and the VEINES-SYM at both T0 and T12. T0 VCSS-VSYM: rho = −0.219 ( p = 0.052), r = −0.236 ( p = 0.037), T12 VCSS-VQOL: rho = −0.459 ( p = 0.007), r = −0.379 ( p = 0.030), T12 VCSS-VSYM: rho = −0.463 ( p = 0.007), r = −0.432 ( p = 0.012). This negative correlation was not statistically ( p ≥ 0.05) confirmed for T0 VCSS-VSYM.

Conclusion

The physician-scored venous clinical severity score of patients treated for deep venous obstruction does not correlate well with their self-reported quality-of-life and symptom scores.
Conservative management of chronic upper extremity venous outflow occlusion
Authors: Brooke Benjamin S
Published: February 2016

Chronic upper extremity venous outflow occlusion (UEVOO) occurs frequently among hospitalized patients as a result of various anatomical or pathological etiologies. This includes venous thoracic outlet syndrome, catheter-related injury, malignancy, and hypercoagulable states. While open surgical and endovascular therapies have increasingly been utilized in managing UEVOO, many patients can still be successfully managed with non-invasive therapies. In this review, we will discuss how conservative measures such as anticoagulation and compression therapy can be applied to different causes of UEVOO. The optimal treatment of patients with chronic upper extremity occlusion can be accomplished by deciding which patients will be most likely to benefit from conservative management.
A prospective comparison of a new cyanoacrylate glue and laser ablation for the treatment of venous insufficiency
Authors: Bozkurt Ahmet Kürşat , Yılmaz Muhammet Fatih
Published: February 2016

Introduction

Cyanoacrylate ablation is the newest nonthermal vein ablation technique. The one-year results of a prospective comparative study of a new cyanoacrylate glue versus endovenous laser ablation for the treatment of venous insufficiency is presented.

Material and methods

A total of 310 adult subjects were treated with cyanoacrylate ablation or endovenous laser ablation. The primary endpoint of this study was complete occlusion of the great saphenous vein. Secondary endpoints were procedure time, procedural pain, ecchymosis at day 3, adverse events, changes from baseline in Venous Clinical Severity Score, and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire.

Results

Operative time was shorter (15 ± 2.5 versus 33.2 ± 5.7, <0.001), and periprocedural pain was less (3.1 ± 1.6 versus 6.5 ± 2.3, <0.001) in cyanoacrylate ablation group compared to the endovenous laser ablation group. Ecchymosis at the third day was also significantly less in cyanoacrylate ablation group (<0.001). Temporary or permanent paresthesia developed in seven patients in endovenous laser ablation group and none in cyanoacrylate ablation group (p = 0.015). One, three, and 12 months closure rates were 87.1, 91.7, and 92.2% for endovenous laser ablation and 96.7, 96.6, and 95.8% for cyanoacrylate ablation groups. Closure rate at first month was significantly better in cyanoacrylate ablation group (<0.001). Although there is a trend of better closure rates in cyanoacrylate ablation patients, this difference did not reach to the statistical difference at sixth and 12th month (p = 0.127 and 0.138, respectively). Both groups had significant improvement in Venous Clinical Severity Score and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire postoperatively (<0.001), but there was no significant difference in Venous Clinical Severity Score and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire scores between the groups at first, sixth, and 12 months. Only a slightly better well-being trend was noted in cyanoacrylate ablation group in terms of Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire scores (p = 0.062).

Conclusions

The efficacy and safety analysis shows that cyanoacrylate ablation is a safe, simple method which can be recommended as an effective endovenous ablation technique. The follow-up data more than one year will clarify the future role of cyanoacrylate ablation for the treatment incompetent great saphenous veins.
Perching with a robotic insect using adaptive tracking control and iterative learning control
Authors: Chirarattananon Pakpong , Ma Kevin Y , Wood Robert J
Published: February 2016

Inspired by the aerial prowess of flying insects, we demonstrate that their robotic counterpart, an insect-scale flapping-wing robot, can mimic an aggressive maneuver seen in natural fliers— landing on a vertical wall. Such acrobatic movement differs from simple lateral maneuvers or hover, and therefore requires additional considerations in the control strategy. In this paper, we propose a single-loop adaptive tracking flight control suite designed with an emphasis on the ability to track dynamic trajectories, and an iterative learning control algorithm to account for unmodeled dynamics and systematic errors for improved landing accuracy. Magnets were chosen to enable attachment to the vertical surface due to their simplicity. The proposed controller was verified in a series of hovering and aggressive translational flights. Furthermore, we show that by learning from previous failed attempts, the biologically-inspired robot could successfully perch on a magnetic wall after eight learning iterations.
Crime Reporting Behavior: Do Attitudes Toward the Police Matter?
Authors: Boateng Francis D.
Published: February 2016

Police researchers have long argued that favorable evaluations of the police eventually lead to citizens’ willingness to cooperate with the police. However, this assumption has barely been studied empirically. The current study examines the association between attitudes toward the police and crime reporting behavior of victims. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of victims’ characteristics on their decisions to report crime to the police. Using field data originally collected in Ghana, the study found that victims’ levels of confidence in the police and satisfaction with police work positively predict their decisions to report sexual assault and robbery to the police. Moreover, findings revealed that age, marital status, and employment status are important predictors of victims’ reporting behavior. Several practical and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
I Am Not in Your Shoes: Low Perspective Taking Mediating the Relation Among Attachment Insecurities and Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Chilean University Students
Authors: Lafontaine Marie-France , Guzmán-González Mónica , Péloquin Katherine , Levesque Christine
Published: February 2016

Guided by the attachment theory, this study tested the degree to which perspective taking mediates the effects of romantic attachment on the use of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) toward the partner. Participants consisted of 608 Chilean university students involved in a romantic relationship, among whom 44.2% of women and 34.7% of men reported inflicting at least one act of violence toward their partner during the previous year. Results from a structural equation model showed that the association between avoidance of intimacy and physical IPV is mediated by perspective taking for both men and women. However, perspective taking mediated the link between attachment anxiety and physical IPV in women only. Our findings underline the importance of the individual’s sense of attachment security in relation to their ability to empathize with their partners, as well as prevent the perpetration of physical IPV against them.
Adaptive estimation algorithm of boost-phase trajectory using binary asynchronous observation
Authors: Wu Nan , Chen Lei , Lei Yongjun , Meng Fankun
Published: February 2016

A kind of adaptive filter algorithm based on the estimation of the unknown input is proposed for studying the adaptive adjustment of process noise variance of boost phase trajectory. Polynomial model is used as the motion model of the boost trajectory, truncation error is regarded as an equivalent to the process noise and the unknown input and process noise variance matrix is constructed from the estimation value of unknown input according to the quantitative relationship among the unknown input, the state estimation error, and optimal process noise variance. The simulation results show that in the absence of prior information, the unknown input is estimated effectively in terms of magnitude, a positive definite matrix of process noise covariance which is close to the optimal value is constructed real-timely, and the state estimation error approximates the error lower bound of the optimal estimation. The estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm is similar to that of the current statistical model algorithm using accurate prior information.
Numerical and experimental investigation into the accuracy of the fan scaling laws applied to large diameter axial flow fans
Authors: Augustyn Ockert PH , van der Spuy Sybrand J , von Backström Theodor W
Published: February 2016

The cooling effectiveness of air-cooled steam condenser units is impacted by the performance of the large diameter axial flow cooling fans, which ultimately affects the overall efficiency of the power plant. Because of the large diameters of these fans, performance tests are carried out at test facilities with smaller, standardized diameters and measuring equipment. The performance of the large scale fans can be predicted based on the small scale test results using the similarity laws and scale-up formulae. This article details the results of small scale experimental tests and numerical simulations that were performed on a pair of 1.25 m diameter axial flow fans. Full scale, 10.360 m, diameter simulations of the same axial flow fans were subsequently performed and compared with the experimental results that were scaled up using the fan scaling laws.
Probable systemic lupus erythematosus with cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPS)
Authors: Lamichhane D , Weinstein A
Published: February 2016

Complement activation is a key feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Detection of cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPS) occurs more frequently than serum hypocomplementemia in definite lupus. We describe a patient with normocomplementemic probable SLE who did not fulfill ACR classification criteria for lupus, but the diagnosis was supported by the presence of CB-CAPS.
The aging psychiatrist: lessons from our colleagues in surgery and anaesthesia
Authors: Waxman Bruce Philip
Published: February 2016

Objectives:

The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) has been innovative in developing core competencies, which provide a framework for assessing performance and a ‘Code of Conduct’, for the lifelong journey of all surgeons. The older surgeon may face significant challenges, having passed their peak, with a lower volume of cases, and potentially increased complications. They also face the challenges of retiring from active clinical practice with its logistical and psychological dilemmas. The RACS has, therefore, put in place several initiatives to deal with these dilemmas.

Conclusions:

The Senior Surgeons’ Group, which conducts annual ‘Building Towards Retirement’ workshops, has been the driving force behind these initiatives. The group has a regular program in the RACS Annual Scientific Congress, including the multidisciplinary session ‘The ageing specialist - challenges for regulators: hypothetical’ which took place in 2014, and some of its members are part of a multidisciplinary team with an approach to adapting to ageing that encourages self-reflection and self-monitoring. It has also influenced the RACS Council to change the continuing professional development (CPD) regulations to include requirements for ageing surgeons regards health maintenance, peer reviews, and modified requirements to satisfy CPD completion. The RACS offers a variety of other opportunities for the ageing surgeon to remain active in college activities.
Structural health monitoring and damage identification for composite panels using smart sensor
Authors: Al-Adnani Nisreen N. Ali , Mustapha F , Sapuan SM , Saifulnaz MR Raizal
Published: February 2016

Real-time monitoring of structural integrity is an important challenge. This article presents the results of damage detection in real time for two materials: Al 6061-T6 and twill weave carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composite. The natural frequency as a global dynamic technique was adopted and the structure was evaluated based on the change in the natural frequency. A square thin plate with simply supported edges was investigated under the effect of sinusoidal signal which was generated via mechanical vibration exciter to carry out the natural frequency of the panel. A smart sensor (piezoelectric ceramic lead zirconate titanate) bonded to the surface of the composite panel was used to capture the signals. Experiments demonstrate the effect of change in crack depth and the response of these panels. The results were measured via monitoring technique and evaluated using root mean square deviation index as statistical analysis.
Providing Behavioral Feedback to Students in an Alternative High School Setting
Authors: Whitcomb Sara A. , Hefter Sheera , Barker Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

This column provides an example method for improving the consistency and quality of daily behavioral feedback provided to students in an alternative high school setting. Often, homeroom or advisory periods are prime points in the day for students to review their behavior from the previous day and set goals for a successful day to come. The method described outlines a planning process and strategy for building teams and teachers to use to establish a behavioral feedback routine, and a case example of the implementation of the routine.
The “Right to Be Forgotten” in European Union Law
Authors: Youm Kyu Ho , Park Ahran
Published: February 2016

Given global concern over the increasing conflict between “informational privacy” and protection of online communication, this article examines the post– Google Spain impact on the right to be forgotten in the European Union and its worldwide impact.
Snooping and Sexting
Authors: Reed Lauren A. , Tolman Richard M. , Ward L. Monique
Published: February 2016

Digital dating abuse (DDA) is a pattern of behaviors that control, pressure, or threaten a dating partner using a cell phone or the Internet. A survey of 365 college students was conducted, finding that digital monitoring behaviors were especially common. There were no gender differences in number of DDA behaviors experienced, but women reported more negative hypothetical reactions to sexual messaging than men. DDA was associated with measures of physical, sexual, and psychological dating violence. Results suggest that digital media are a context for potentially harmful dating behaviors, and the experience of DDA may differ by gender for sexual behaviors.
Flipped script for gefitinib: A reapproved tyrosine kinase inhibitor for first-line treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation positive metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Bogdanowicz Brian S , Hoch Matthew A , Hartranft Megan E
Published: February 2016

Purpose

The approval history, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, efficacy, dosing recommendations, drug interactions, safety, place in therapy, and economic considerations of gefitinib are reviewed.

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and is the leading cause of cancer death. Platinum-based chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as erlotinib and afatinib, are recommended therapies for nonsmall cell lung cancer. The European Medicines Association based their approval of gefitinib on the randomized, multicenter Iressa Pan-Asia Study (IPASS, NCT00322452) and a single-arm study showing effectiveness in Caucasians (IFUM, NCT01203917). Both studies were recently referenced by the United States Food & Drug Administration to reapprove gefitinib for the first-line treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletions or exon 21 substitution. Diarrhea, acneiform rash, and interstitial lung disease are known side effects of gefitinib.

Conclusion

Use of gefitinib for the first-line therapy of metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletions (residues 747–750) or exon 21 substitution mutation (L858R) is well-documented and supported.
Parallel Lives on the Plaza
Authors: Spierings Bas , van Melik Rianne , van Aalst Irina
Published: February 2016

In the last two decades, many city center plazas in the Netherlands have been redeveloped to become more attractive “meeting spaces” and not merely profitable “market places.” This article analyzes the use and experience of Schouwburgplein, an urban plaza in Rotterdam, as meeting space by young Dutch women of Turkish and Moroccan descent. Our analysis reveals a paradoxical interplay between “social comfort” and “social control” in public space. To feel comfortable, the young women avoid interaction with non-befriended young men of immigrant descent and use the plaza in company of friends and family, mostly young females of immigrant descent. However, being among known and unknown youth of Turkish and Moroccan descent on the plaza also implies subjecting oneself to uncomfortable social control. Moreover, the young women of Turkish and Moroccan descent seem occupied with being part of what they consider “their” youth group and some even reveal indifference toward “others” on Schouwburgplein—resulting in “parallel lives” on the plaza.
The threat of racial progress and the self-protective nature of perceiving anti-White bias
Authors: Wilkins Clara L. , Hirsch Alexander A. , Kaiser Cheryl R. , Inkles Michael P.
Published: February 2016

In two studies we tested whether racial progress is threatening to Whites and whether perceiving anti-White bias assuages that threat. Study 1 revealed that Whites primed with racial progress exhibited evidence of threat (lower implicit self-worth relative to baseline). Study 2 replicated the threat effect from Study 1 and examined how perceiving discrimination may buffer Whites’ self-worth. After White participants primed with high racial progress attributed a negative event to their race, their implicit self-worth rebounded. Participants primed to perceive low racial progress did not experience fluctuations in implicit self-worth. Furthermore, among those primed with high racial progress, greater racial discounting (attributing rejection to race rather than to the self) was associated with greater self-worth protection. These studies suggest that changes to the racial status quo are threatening to Whites and that perceiving greater racial bias is a way to manage that threat.
Intimations of methodological nationalism in classical sociology?
Authors: Pendenza Massimo
Published: February 2016

Nowadays, the widespread view is that classical sociology is tainted with ‘methodological nationalism and it would appear that there has been a significant overlap between social and political space. We disagree with this point of view for three reasons: (1) by dealing with the global world, classical sociology has already glimpsed the possibility of going beyond the nation-state as a unit of analysis; (2) having operated above all with the notion of ‘social’ rather than ‘national’, its categories are transnational; and (3) when classical sociology has dealt with national society, studies have not reified it within its political boundaries. Consequently, in our opinion, classical sociology highlights both analytical categories that go beyond the ontology of the nation-state as well as new socio-political forms defined within the trajectory of modernity under the pressure of globalization processes.
A simplified method for stability analysis of multi-story frames considering vertical interactions between stories
Authors: Li Quanwang , Zou Aming , Zhang Hao
Published: February 2016

Effective length method is still widely used in engineering practice to evaluate the stability of compression members in frame structures. However, the conventional effective length method can be inaccurate in many cases as it considers columns in isolation from the stories above and below. This article proposes an improved method for simplified frame stability analysis that accounts for the vertical interaction effects of columns. The idealized sub-assemblage model includes the columns of all stories and their restraining beams. The stability matrix for a single-story unit is first derived, and then the system stability matrix is obtained by considering the compatibility of the story units. The governing equation for the elastic buckling load of the sub-assemblage is derived. The method is applicable to both sway-permitted and sway-prevented frames. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated using a series of examples with a wide variation of parameters including numbers of story, boundary conditions, stiffness of beam-to-column connections, column length and stiffness, and axial force level.
Communication And Respect for people with Dementia: Student learning – A novel practical experience of undergraduate students interacting with people with dementia in care homes (innovative practice)
Authors: Wood Julia Helen , Alushi Ledia , Hammond John A
Published: February 2016

We designed an educational programme for multiple disciplines to improve healthcare students’ preparedness to work with people with dementia. It consisted of class-based sessions followed by a volunteer experience interacting with persons with dementia in care homes. This paper discusses the value and impact of this innovative experience.
The Clinical Application of Applied Behavior Analysis in a Child With Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Authors: Connolly Sarah C. , Millians Molly , Peterman Richard , Shillingsburg M. Alice
Published: February 2016

The current case study describes the longitudinal assessment of a young child diagnosed with Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder–not otherwise specified. The patient participated in an applied behavior analysis (ABA)–based Verbal Behavior treatment program to target communication impairments and functional skill deficits. Because ABA-based interventions have demonstrated efficacy in improving levels of functioning across various developmental disabilities, it was reasonable to assess the clinical utility of these same strategies when applied to a patient presenting with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and associated developmental delays. The current study relied on quasi-experimental single-subject design methods to measure treatment outcomes and to inform clinical decision making. Dependent measures in the study included standardized, norm-referenced assessments of cognitive and adaptive functioning, as well as behavioral data collected throughout treatment to measure gains across skill areas. Outcomes included rapid skill acquisition across several areas of functioning (e.g., expressive and receptive language, visual-performance, and adaptive emotional/behavioral functioning). The impact of treatment on global areas of functioning will be reported.
Item-Level Psychometrics of the Glasgow Outcome Scale
Authors: Hong Ickpyo , Li Chih-Ying , Velozo Craig A.
Published: February 2016

The Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended (GOSE) structured interview captures critical components of activities and participation, including home, shopping, work, leisure, and family/friend relationships. Eighty-nine community dwelling adults with mild-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) were recruited (average = 2.7 year post injury). Nine items of the 19 items were used for the psychometrics analysis purpose. Factor analysis and item-level psychometrics were investigated using the Rasch partial-credit model. Although the principal components analysis of residuals suggests that a single measurement factor dominates the measure, the instrument did not meet the factor analysis criteria. Five items met the rating scale criteria. Eight items fit the Rasch model. The instrument demonstrated low person reliability (0.63), low person strata (2.07), and a slight ceiling effect. The GOSE demonstrated limitations in precisely measuring activities/participation for individuals after TBI. Future studies should examine the impact of the low precision of the GOSE on effect size.
Redefining infection prevention and control in the new era of quality universal health coverage
Authors: Storr Julie , Kilpatrick Claire , Allegranzi Benedetta , Syed Shamsuzzoha B
Published: February 2016

Universal health coverage (UHC) is a concept that is deeply rooted in the Development Agenda and is receiving increasing attention at the global level. The interconnection of infection prevention and control (IPC), UHC and quality has not been well described. We aim to present a novel and compelling case for considering IPC as a critical part of quality UHC and develop a preliminary theory of change model, informed by existing literature and emerging thinking on this evolving field. A review of published and grey literature on UHC, quality and IPC was undertaken with a view to triangulating common goals and informing a theory of change. A preliminary theory of change framework describing the potential synergy between UHC, quality and IPC in catalysing concerted action at every level of the health system has been developed. A table outlining key considerations at the policy, practice and research levels is also presented. This paper considers the extent to which the global IPC community in its widest form should better position IPC as a fundamental component of quality within the context of rapidly advancing UHC-driven health system reforms. The theory of change will be of value to the many organisations involved in supporting countries and facilities as they move towards a true focus on UHC.
Nurses’ perceptions of dirt and contagion: Does the work environment pose a greater threat than one’s own home?
Authors: Jackson Carole
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to understand nurses’ infection prevention behaviours in the acute hospital setting by eliciting their explanations of observed behaviour. It sought to identify perceptions of risk from infection within their work environment and their homes, the practices carried out to avoid these risks, and the factors that influence behaviour. Twenty semi-structured interviews, using a topic guide and vignettes, were conducted with Registered Nurses. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Three main themes of ‘Rationalising dirt related behaviour’, ‘Protection from dirt’ and ‘Transitions and journeys: no place like home’ emerged following data analysis using a framework method. This paper presents the theme ‘Transitions and journeys: no place like home’, which has two components: ‘Where is the dirt?’ and ‘Practice and rituals’. The findings demonstrate that dirt and germs present in hospitals represent a higher risk than those in the home. Healthcare workers can take measures to mitigate this risk; however, on leaving the workplace perception of self does not change significantly until they arrive home. At this point a transition occurs; they now recognise the risk they may pose and practices and rituals are required in order to protect the home . The findings demonstrate the multifaceted nature of infection prevention beliefs and behaviours. Behaviour is influenced by knowledge, belief systems and the circumstances of the situation. People see themselves positioned differently within the environment depending on the context of the risk; they can either be at risk or be the cause of the risk.
Expression of TGF-β Signaling Regulator RBPMS (RNA-Binding Protein With Multiple Splicing) Is Regulated by IL-1β and TGF-β Superfamily Members, and Decreased in Aged and Osteoarthritic Cartilage
Authors: Shanmugaapriya S. , van Caam A. , de Kroon L. , Vitters Elly L. , Walgreen B , van Beuningen H. , Davidson E. Blaney , van der Kraan Peter M.
Published: February 2016

Objective

RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) has been shown to physically interact with Smads and enhance transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)–mediated Smad2/3 transcriptional activity in mammalian cells. Objective of this study was to examine whether expression of RBPMS is regulated by interleukin-1β (IL)-1β and TGF-β superfamily growth factors and whether expression of RBPMS is altered during aging and experimental osteoarthritis.

Methods

Expression of RBPMS protein was investigated in chondrocyte cell lines of murine (H4) and human (G6) origin using Western blot analysis. Regulation of RBPMS expression in H4 chondrocytes at mRNA level was done by reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, characterization of Smad signaling pathways regulating RBPMS expression was performed by blocking studies using small molecule inhibitors or by transfection studies with adenoviral vector constructs (constitutive-active ALK1 and constitutive-active ALK5). Expression of RBPMS in cartilage of different age groups of C57BL/6N mice (6 months and 20 months) and in a surgically induced osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model was analyzed using immunohistochemistry.

Results

RBPMS was shown to be expressed in chondrocytes and cartilage of murine, human, and bovine origin. TGF-β inhibited RBPMS expression while BMP2 and IL-1β increased its expression. TGF-β-induced inhibition was blocked by ALK5 inhibitor. Overexpression of ca-ALK1 stimulated RBPMS expression. Moreover, RBPMS expression was found to be reduced with ageing and in OA pathogenesis.

Conclusions

Expression of RBPMS in chondrocytes is regulated by TGF-β superfamily members and IL-1β, indicating a counter-regulatory mechanism. Expression of RBPMS, in cartilage and its reduction during ageing and OA might suggest its potential role in the maintenance of normal articular cartilage.
Learning to Contradict and Standing Up for the Company: An Exploration of the Relationship Between Organizational Dissent, Organizational Assimilation, and Organizational Reputation
Authors: Croucher Stephen Michael , Zeng Cheng , Kassing Jeffrey
Published: February 2016

This study explored relationships between organizational assimilation, organizational reputation, and organizational dissent. Survey data collection using standard instruments was conducted with a sample of employees drawn from three countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia). Analysis revealed that the expression of dissent to management and to coworkers was significantly and positively correlated with both organizational assimilation and organizational reputation. In particular, findings suggest that employees who reported being more socialized within their respective organizations also expressed more dissent to managers and to coworkers. Similarly, employees who reported perceiving their organizations as more ethical and reputable were more likely to express dissent to managers and coworkers. Additional analyses indicated that the relationships identified between variables were immune to the effects of organizational tenure and national culture. In particular, the results show that organizational assimilation is a key determinant of organizational dissent and that organizational reputation is a key reason that employees express it.
A gain-of-function variant in DIAPH1 causes dominant macrothrombocytopenia and hearing loss
Authors: Stritt Simon , Nurden Paquita , Turro Ernest , Greene Daniel , Jansen Sjoert B. , Westbury Sarah K. , Petersen Romina , Astle William J. , Marlin Sandrine , Bariana Tadbir K. , Kostadima Myrto , Lentaigne Claire , Maiwald Stephanie , Papadia Sofia , Kelly Anne M. , Stephens Jonathan C. , Penkett Christopher J. , Ashford Sofie , Tuna Salih , Austin Steve , Bakchoul Tamam , Collins Peter , Favier Rémi , Lambert Michele P. , Mathias Mary , Millar Carolyn M. , Mapeta Rutendo , Perry David J. , Schulman Sol , Simeoni Ilenia , Thys Chantal ,   BRIDGE-BPD Consortium, Gomez Keith , Erber Wendy N. , Stirrups Kathleen , Rendon Augusto , Bradley John R. , van Geet Chris , Raymond F. Lucy , Laffan Michael A. , Nurden Alan T. , Nieswandt Bernhard , Richardson Sylvia , Freson Kathleen , Ouwehand Willem H. , Mumford Andrew D.
Published: February 2016

Key Points

A gain-of-function variant in DIAPH1 causes macrothrombocytopenia and hearing loss and extends the spectrum of DIAPH1-related disease. Our findings of altered megakaryopoiesis and platelet cytoskeletal regulation highlight a critical role for DIAPH1 in platelet formation.
Economic liberalisation and the mobility of minority groups: evidence from Māori in New Zealand
Authors: Sin Isabelle , Stillman Steven
Published: February 2016

Between 1984 and 1993, New Zealand undertook comprehensive market-oriented economic reforms. In this paper, we use census data to examine how the internal mobility of Māori compares to that of Europeans in New Zealand in the period after these reforms. It is often suggested that Māori are less mobile than other ethnic groups because of attachment to particular geographical locations. If this were the case, Māori may have been disadvantaged in the post-reform period because they were more likely to be living in adversely affected areas and less likely to move to pursue better employment opportunities. In contrast to the anecdotal evidence, we find that Māori are more mobile on average than similar Europeans. However, Māori who live in areas with strong networks of their iwi are slightly less mobile than Europeans. The difference between Māori who live locally to their iwi and those who do not is even more pronounced when we consider responsiveness to local labour market shocks. Non-local Māori are considerably more responsive to changes in economic opportunities than are Europeans, whereas local Māori are almost entirely unresponsive.

JEL codes: J61, J15, R23.