bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural expression of a fading rift front, a case study from the Oligo-Miocene Irbid rift of northwest Arabia
Authors: Wald Reli , Segev Amit , Ben-Avraham Zvi , Schattner Uri
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Not all continental rifts mature to form a young ocean. The mechanism and duration of their cessation depend on the crustal structure, modifications in plate kinematics, lithospheric thermal response, or intensity of sub-crustal flow (e.g., plume activity). The cessation is recorded in the structure and stratigraphy of the basins that develop during the rifting process. This architecture is lost due to younger tectonic inversion, severe erosion or even burial into greater depths that forces their detection by low-resolution geophysical imaging. The current study focuses on a uniquely preserved Oligo-Miocene rift that was subsequently pirated by a crossing transform fault system and as a result died out. We integrate all geological, geophysical and results from previous studies from across the Southern Galilee to unravel the structural development of the Irbid failing rift, of Northwest Arabia. Despite tectonic, magmatic and geomorphologic activity postdating the rifting, its subsurface structure is preserved at depths of up to 1 km. Our results show that a series of basins subsided at the rift front, across the southern Galilee. We constrain the timing and extent of their subsidence into two main stages, based on facies analysis and chronology of magmatism. Between 20–9 Ma grabens and half-grabens subsided within a larger releasing jog, following an NW direction of a deeper presumed Principal Displacement Zone. The basins continued to subside until a transition from the Red Sea to Dead Sea stress regime occurred. With the transition, the basins ceased to subside as a rift, while the Dead Sea Fault split the jog structure. Between 9–5 Ma basin subsidence accentuated and an uplift of their margins accompanied their overall elongation to the NNE. Our study provides for the first time a structural as well as tectonic context to the southern Galilee basins. Based on this case study we suggest that the rift did not fail but rather faded and was taken over by a more dominant stress regime. Otherwise, these basins of a failing rift could have simply died out peacefully.
Antarctic Ice Shelf Thickness Change from Multi-Mission Lidar
Mapping
Authors: Sutterley Tyler C. , Markus Thorsten , Neumann Thomas A. , van den Broeke Michiel , van Wessem J. Melchior , Ligtenberg Stefan R. M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We calculate rates of ice thickness change and bottom melt for ice shelves in West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula from a combination of elevation measurements from Operation IceBridge corrected for oceanic and surface processes, surface velocity measurements from synthetic aperture radar, and high-resolution outputs from regional climate models. We calculate ice thickness change rates in a Lagrangian reference frame to reduce the effects from advection of sharp vertical features, such as cracks and crevasses, which can saturate Eulerian-derived estimates. We use our method over different ice shelves in Antarctica, which vary in terms of the processes that drive their change, their size and their repeat coverage but are all susceptible to short-term changes in ice thickness. We find that ice thickness variations of the Larsen-C ice shelf are due to the flux divergence of the shelf with firn and surface processes controlling short-term variability over our observation period. The Wilkins ice shelf is sensitive to short time-scale coastal and upper-ocean processes, and basal melt is the dominate contributor to the ice thickness change over the period. At The Pine Island ice shelf in the critical region near in the grounding zone, we find that ice shelf thinning rates exceed 40 m/yr. The thickness change is dominated by strong submarine thinning. Regions near the grounding zones of the Dotson and Crosson ice shelves are thinning at rates greater than 40 m/yr, also due to intense basal melt.
The Role of Financial Reporting Quality in Accessing to Financial Debt: Evidence From Italy
Authors: Rey Andrea , Landi Giovanni
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to assess whether financial reporting quality affect the access of Italian Non-SME firms to financial debt. In order to measure the financial reporting quality, we assume as proxy the accrual quality. We carried out a regression analysis, using financial statement data of firms sampled. The results reveal a positive association between financial reporting quality and the access to bank and financial institution debt. In addition, our findings also show no association between financial debt maturity and the accounting quality of firms.
Polemics on the Etiology of Juvenile Delinquency: A Review of Some Multiple-Perspective Attacks on Travis Hirschi’s Social Bonding Theory
Authors: Farmer J Forbes
Published: October 2018

Influenced by Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan (1957 [1651]) and Emile Durkheim’s Le Suicide (1966 [1897]), criminologist Travis Hirschi wrote Causes of Delinquency (1969) in which he hypothesized that the more a juvenile is bonded to conventional society, the less likely he will become delinquent. Hirschi described four elements of the “social bond” (attachment, commitment, involvement and belief) and detailed the methodology he used to develop what is commonly referred to as “social bonding theory.” Although this enduring classic work has been seriously tested and highly praised for almost five decades for its classic contribution to the study and prevention of delinquency (and crime), it has also been sharply criticized from many theoretical and methodological perspectives. This paper provides an identification and review of several of those attacks.
La responsabilidad y la ética de la Universidad en el entorno social
Authors: Ramírez Gálvez José Roberto
Published: October 2018

En el presente artículo se hace referencia al rol que la responsabilidad y la ética de la universidad en el entorno social -considerando los cambios permanentes del mundo globalizado, de las incertidumbres por los cambios permanentes en el campo educativo- juega hoy con sometimiento a mayores exigencias en relación con la calidad de la educación, tanto a nivel local como nacional e internacional, producto de los cambios y de los retos en aras de brindar educación con calidad y con responsabilidad y ética empresarial. La universidad debe interactuar en diálogos con los distintos actores de estudiantes, docentes, empresas y representantes de la sociedad con el fin de obtener mayores criterios de entendimiento acerca de su desempeño y de su responsabilidad social con ética empresarial, identificando los aportes esenciales al desarrollo humano sostenible, pero considerando la responsabilidad y la ética empresarial  como sinónimos de alta calidad en la enseñanza universitaria. La universidad debe centrarse en la suma de esfuerzos de todos los actores sociales, que conlleven  a la colectividad con gestión de organización socialmente responsable, con formación académica, con producción del saber y con participación del desarrollo humano sostenible, procurando el involucramiento de los actores sociales, relación que incluye clientes, proveedores, socios, consumidores, medio ambiente, comunidades, el gobierno y la sociedad en general, y la consideración de factores sociales, económicos, éticos y responsabilidad social.
Una revisión de los estilos de vida de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Espinoza Lara Marta Lorena , Vanegas López Jairo
Published: October 2018

Los estilos de vida son los hábitos y conductas que modulan nuestra actividad cotidiana y rigen nuestra forma de afrontar los requerimientos, exigencias y retos que se nos presentan durante las diferentes etapas de nuestra vida. Objetivo: Indagar sobre los estilos de Vida y los estilos de vida de estudiantes universitarios según la evidencia disponible. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, electrónica de artículos vinculados a estilos de vida en población universitaria a partir del año 2004. Adicionalmente, se recabó información referida al concepto de estilos de vida y se recopilaron antecedentes estadísticos disponibles de investigaciones realizadas en Nicaragua. Resultados: La mayor parte de los trabajos desarrollados han estudiado, de manera descriptiva, los estilos de vida. La alimentación, el consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas, son las prácticas más estudiadas. Conclusión: Los jóvenes universitarios son una población vulnerable que debe ser investigada de manera particular, para crear y evaluar programas de intervención acorde a sus necesidades.
Las TIC en la UNAN-Managua, crecimiento y desarrollo, periodo 2015-2016
Authors: Aburto Jarquín Pedro
Published: October 2018

En el presente artículo se expone, a manera de justificación, el Impacto que tienen las TIC a través de la SIU-DT en la UNAN-MANAGUA, impacto en la Docencia, Investigación, Extensión Universitaria e Internacionalización. Se hace una breve descripción de su evolución hasta la actualidad, con el propósito de presentar cómo ha venido dando respuestas de Tecnología Informática a todas las Facultades, Centros de Investigación y Unidades Administrativas.Estos impactos en ascendencia se deben, precisamente, a toma de decisiones acertadas que se han venido tomando en función de favorecer la Calidad en todos los procesos; por ello, desde el rectorado se ha venido invirtiendo sostenidamente, para mantener también un crecimiento y desarrollo de las TIC, y potenciar el uso y sus aplicaciones académicas y administrativas.
Mitigation of salinity stress in canola plants by sodium nitroprusside application
Authors: Farouk Saad , Arafa Sally A.
Published: October 2018

Salinity is a global issue threatening land productivity and food production. The present study aimed to examine the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the alleviation of NaCl stress on different parameters of canola (Brassica napus L.) plant growth, yield as well as its physiological and anatomical characteristics. Canola plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in plastic pots and were exposed to 100 mM NaCl. At 50 and 70 days from sown, plants were sprayed with SNP (50 and 100 µM) solutions under normal or salinity condition. Growth and yield characters as well as some biochemical and anatomical changes were investigated under the experimental conditions. Salinity stress caused an extremely vital decline in plant growth and yield components. A significant increase was found in membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, sodium, chloride, proline, soluble sugars, ascorbic and phenol in canola plants under salinity stress. Under normal conditions, SNP application significantly increased all studies characters, except sodium, chloride, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, membrane permeability that markedly reduced. Application of SNP to salt-affected plants mitigated the injuries of salinity on plant growth, yield, and improved anatomical changes. The present investigation demonstrated that SNP has the potential to alleviate the salinity injurious on canola plants.
Anatomy and physiology model making project: Assessing students’ perceptions, learning gains and academic outcomes
Authors: Pamplona Arlene V. , Al-Saadi Fatema T. , Al-Ghenaimi Said A.
Published: October 2018

Background and objective: Student-originated projects as an innovative teaching approach in the laboratory classes play an important role in maximizing students’ learning by allowing them to venture into independent inquiry, making their experience more meaningful. Anatomy and Physiology model making project as a form of innovative technique in teaching science is well implemented in all Nursing Institutes under the Ministry of Health in Oman, that forms part of the laboratory assessment of the course. It started three years ago, with its objective of reinforcing the knowledge in a more active learning environment. Since its implementation in 2013, there has been no baseline study conducted along this area and the over-all effectiveness of the project has not been assessed. This study was conducted to find out the learning gains of nursing student in Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Course through model-making project approach with the end view of formulating recommendations based on the tested findings.Methods: The study employed descriptive correlational method of research and survey as the data gathering technique. The primary quantitative data came from purposively sampled Year I Bachelor of Science Nursing Student in Rustaq Nursing Institute of Academic Year 2015-2016 (n = 33), and students’ final course grades in Anatomy and Physiology as secondary data. The data obtained were treated using percentage, ranking, weighted mean, Chi-square test and correlation analysis.Results: Findings revealed that the respondents strongly agreed to the learning gains obtained through the use of the model-making project in terms of skills and values domain (composite mean = 4.07; 4.43) respectively, while agreed on the aspect of knowledge and attitude domains. The Chi-Square test values and correlation analysis showed significant relationship (p = .000) between the profile of the respondents in terms of age and gender and their assessments on the learning gains, as well as on the correlation between perceived learning gains and grades of the students.Conclusions: There were positive learning gains through the model-making project in terms of the four learning domains. Significant relationship were found between the profile of the respondents and their assessments of the learning gains. Furthermore, the perceived learning gains was significantly correlated with the grades of students in Anatomy and Physiology course. The formulated recommendations for the instructional guidelines were based on the lowest rated items and needed to be enhanced among the students.
Endosso de Marca: Comparação da Influência de Blogueiras e Celebridades na Atitude em Relação à Marca
Authors: Bravo Bruna Santos , Saueia Juliana Rossignoli , Brondino-Pompeo Karin Ligia
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo comparar a influncia que celebridades tradicionais e blogueiras, como endorsers de marca, exercem na atitude em relao marca, mensurando a credibilidade delas, na opinio do consumidor, como porta-vozes de uma marca. Mtodo: Experimento Originalidade/Relevncia: A literatura investigada no apresentava modelos causais comparando os efeitos de celebridades e blogueiras e havia vises conflitantes: de um lado, a viso de que blogueira e celebridade estariam em patamares distintos em seu poder e extenso de influncia na atitude em relao marca que anunciavam; por outro lado, a perspectiva de uma mudana nessa situao estaria em curso e que ambas poderiam se equiparar, uma vez que, alm da credibilidade da fonte, o significado cultural construdo fator relevante no sucesso do endosso. Resultados: Diferentemente do que havia sido sinalizado pela literatura anterior, mas em linha com as ltimas evidncias no mercado, os resultados mostraram que no h diferena significativa na atitude em relao marca se o endosso da marca feito por uma celebridade ou blogueira, sendo que estas tambm possuem nveis equivalentes de credibilidade junto ao pblico. Contribuies tericas: Este estudo contribui para o entendimento do papel das celebridades tradicionais e de um tipo de influente digital, a blogueira, e dos respectivos efeitos nos nas aes de endosso de marca, adicionando ao modelo terico prevalente a perspectiva de que o significado cultural construdo no pode ser ignorado na atribuio de credibilidade aos endorsers.
A Persuasão Inconsciente: Um Modelo Conceitual sobre os Efeitos da Multitarefa de Mídia sobre a Fluência de Processamento do Consumidor
Authors: Ribeiro Sylvio , Oliveira Daniel Max de Sousa , Petroll Martin De La Martinière
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Direcionar novos estudos de fluncia de processamento no contexto relativamente novo da multitarefa de mdia, comportamento que tem se tornado popular nos ltimos anos. Mtodo: Reviso da vasta literatura de fluncia de processamento, fluncia perceptual e fluncia conceitual, incluindo seus diversos efeitos, diferentes contextos comportamentais e as teorias que explicam o fenmeno. Realizou-se tambm uma breve reviso sobre a recente literatura da multitarefa e multitarefa de mdia. Originalidade/Relevncia: Estmulos fluentes possuem vrios efeitos positivos no consumidor em relao a estmulos no fluentes, contudo, todos os estudos de fluncia at agora consideraram indivduos focados em uma atividade durante a exposio ao estmulo, o que no representa grande parte do comportamento habitual dos indivduos que costumam se engajar em mais de uma atividade ao mesmo tempo, principalmente ao consumir uma mdia. Este trabalho destaca este gap e fornece direes para futuros trabalhos. Resultados: A partir da reviso da literatura, este artigo oferece proposies de estudo e um modelo conceitual que podem orientar futuras pesquisas sobre fluncia de processamento (perceptual e conceitual) em situaes em que o consumidor desempenha mais de uma atividade ao mesmo tempo. Contribuies tericas / metodolgicas: Este artigo contribui para a melhor compreenso dos efeitos de exposies a estmulos a partir do melhor entendimento dos efeitos da fluncia perceptual e conceitual e como esses efeitos podem ser afetados pelo comportamento multitarefa de mdia.
Impact of the laryngeal nerves anatomy on the intraoperative neuromonitoring results in surgery of thyroid gland and functional results after partial laryngectomies
Authors: Berger Greta , Kosztyła-Hojna Bożena , Chyczewski Lech
Published: October 2018

Goal of this work was to describe, interpret and highlight the impact of neuroanatomy in the region of the larynx on the intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroidectomy. Rich anastomoses network of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) may have impact on results of thyroidectomy and partial laryngectomy. Intraoperative neuromonitoring is a useful tool in the armamentarium of the Head and Neck surgeon but it will never replace deep knowledge of surgical anatomy and good surgical technique.
Effect of Preanalytic Variables on an Automated PTEN Immunohistochemistry Assay for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Guedes Liana B. , Morais Carlos L. , Fedor Helen , Hicks Jessica , Gurel Bora , Melamed Jonathan , Lee Peng , Gopalan Anuradha , Knudsen Beatrice S. , True Lawrence D. , Scher Howard I. , Fine Samson W. , Trock Bruce J. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Lotan Tamara L.
Published: October 2018

Context.—

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a promising prognostic and potentially predictive biomarker in prostate cancer.

Objective.—

To assess the effects of preanalytic variables on an analytically validated and fully automated PTEN immunohistochemistry assay.

Design.—

PTEN immunohistochemistry was performed on Ventana immunostaining systems. In benign prostate tissues, immunostaining intensity across variable conditions was assessed by digital image analysis. In prostate tumor tissues, immunostaining was scored visually.

Results.—

Delay of fixation for 4 hours or longer at room temperature or 48 hours or longer at 4°C and duration of formalin fixation did not significantly alter immunostaining intensity. Intensity of staining was highest in 10% formalin compared with other fixatives. Tumor tissues with PTEN loss processed using protocols from 11 academic institutions were all evaluable and scored identically. PTEN immunostaining of needle biopsies where tissue blocks had been stored for less than 10 years was more frequently scored as nonevaluable compared with blocks that had been stored for 10 years or longer. This effect was less evident for radical prostatectomy specimens, where low rates of nonevaluable staining were seen for 23 years or more of storage. Storage of unstained slides for 5 years at room temperature prior to immunostaining resulted in equivalent scoring compared with freshly cut slides. Machine-to-machine variability assessed across 3 Ventana platforms and 2 institutions was negligible in 12 tumors, and platform-to-platform variability was also minor comparing Ventana and Leica instruments across 77 tumors (κ = 0.926).

Conclusions.—

Automated PTEN immunostaining is robust to most preanalytic variables in the prostate and may be performed on prostate tumor tissues subjected to a wide range of preanalytic conditions. These data may help guide assay development if PTEN becomes a key predictive biomarker.
The Profile of Acehnese Variation: Sociolinguistic Analysis
Authors: Iskandar Denni , Pujiono Mhd. , Abdul Samad Iskandar
Published: October 2018

This descriptive study identifies the variation of Acehnese in sociolinguistic reviews by identifying the variations in terms of language spoken, usage, formality as well as a mean of communication. To understand the Acehnese variations in sociolinguistic reviews, a series of techniques were applied such as understanding the language spoken, reading the text, and speaking to the speaker of Acehnese. The results indicate that there are seven variations of the language in the perspective of speakers and six variations were identified in the Acehnese language, i.e. idiolect, dialect, sociolect, acrolect, basilect, and slang. While the crolect variation was not identified. In the perspective of language use, there are four variations with three identified; the variety of literature, journalism (non-productive), and a variety of scientific (non-productive). While the military variety is not identified. In the perspective of language formality, there are five variations i.e. frozen (non- productive) variety, official (unproductive) variety, consultative variety, casual variety, and familiar variety are all identified. In the perspective of means of communication, there are two variations, namely wide variety of oral and writing are both identified. The existence of identified and unidentified variations of language indicates that the language of Aceh has been abandoned by speakers.
A Comparative Study on Bio-Inspired Algorithms in Layout Optimization of Construction Site Facilities
Authors: Prayogo Doddy , Sutanto Jessica Chandra , Suryo Hieronimus Enrico , Eric Samuel
Published: October 2018

A good arrangement of site layout on a construction project is a fundamental component of the project’s efficiency. Optimization on site layout is necessary in order to reduce the transportation cost of resources or personnel between facilities. Recently, the use of bio-inspired algorithms has received considerable critical attention in solving the engineering optimization problem. These methods have consistently provided better performance than traditional mathematical-based methods to a variety of engineering problems. This study compares the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial bee colony (ABC), and symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithms in optimizing site layout planning problems. Three real-world case studies of layout optimization problems have been used in this study. The results show that SOS has a better performance in comparison to the other algorithms. Thus, this study provides useful insights to construction practitioners in the industry who are involved in dealing with optimization problems
Relationship Between Hip Morphology and Hip‐Related Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Young and Middle‐Aged Individuals: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Kopec Jacek A. , Qian Hong , Cibere Jolanda , Wong Hubert , Li Linda C. , Barber Morgan , Prlic Helen M. , Zhang Charlie , Ratzlaff Charles , Forster Bruce B. , Esdaile John M. ,   the IMPAKT‐HIP Study Team
Published: October 2018

Objective

Radiographic measurements of the alpha angle and the lateral center edge (LCE) angle in the hip joint are important for the diagnosis of femoroacetabular syndrome, a potential risk factor for hip osteoarthritis. Our objective was to determine whether these measurements are associated with hip‐related patient‐reported outcomes in young and middle‐aged individuals.

Methods

A stratified random sample of white men and women ages 20–49 years, with and without hip pain, was selected using random digit dialing from the population of metro Vancouver, Canada. The alpha and LCE angles were measured bilaterally on radiographs using Dunn and anteroposterior views, respectively. Patient‐reported outcomes were measured by the Copenhagen Hip And Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), which has scales for symptoms, pain, daily activities, sports, physical activity, and quality of life (QoL). We performed descriptive analyses and a regression analysis with restricted cubic splines, adjusted for age and sex and weighted for the sampling design.

Results

Data were obtained for 500 subjects. The alpha angle distribution was strongly skewed, with a mean of 54°. The LCE angle distribution was symmetric, with a mean of 34°. In the restricted cubic splines analysis, the relationship between the alpha angle and HAGOS scores was nonlinear, with higher alpha angles generally associated with worse HAGOS scores for alpha >60°. The associations were statistically significant for symptoms, sports, and QoL. No association was found between the LCE angle and HAGOS scales.

Conclusion

In a general population sample ages 20–49 years, we have found an association between the alpha angle and hip‐related patient‐reported outcomes.
Persistently Frequent Emergency Department Utilization Among Persons With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lee Jiha , Lin Judith , Suter Lisa Gale , Fraenkel Liana
Published: October 2018

Objective

In order to identify opportunities to improve outpatient care, we evaluated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who persistently frequent the emergency department (ED).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of patients with SLE who frequented the ED for ≥3 visits in a calendar year, from 2013 to 2016. Persistent users were those who met criteria for persistent use for at least 2 of the 4 years, and limited users for 1 of the 4 years. Each ED encounter was categorized as SLE‐related, infection‐related, pain‐related, or other. We compared ED use between persistent and limited users, and analyzed factors associated with pain‐related encounters among persistent users through multivariate logistic regression.

Results

We identified 77 participants who had 1,143 encounters as persistent users, and 52 participants who had 335 encounters as limited users. Persistent users accounted for 77% of ED use by patients with SLE who frequented the ED. Pain‐related ED visits were more common among persistent users (32%) than limited users (18%). Among persistent users, most pain‐related encounters were discharged from the ED (69%) or within 48 hours of admission (20%). Persistent users with pain‐related encounters accounting for >10% of ED use were more likely to be obese, have fewer comorbid conditions, and be on long‐term opioid therapy.

Conclusion

Pain is a major cause of ED use. Patients with SLE who persistently utilize the ED for pain are likely to be noncritically ill, as evidenced by frequent discharges from the ED and short‐stay admissions. Patients with SLE who persistently frequent the ED for pain represent a viable target for interventions to improve outpatient quality of care.
Early Targeted Combination Treatment With Conventional Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Long‐Term Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Ten‐Year Follow‐Up Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rantalaiho Vappu , Sandström Tia , Koski Juhani , Hannonen Pekka , Möttönen Timo , Kaipiainen‐Seppänen Oili , Yli‐Kerttula Timo , Kauppi Markku J. , Uutela Toini , Malmi Timo , Julkunen Heikki , Laasonen Leena , Kautiainen Hannu , Leirisalo‐Repo Marjatta ,   for the NEO‐RACo Study Group
Published: October 2018

Objective

The short‐term outcomes of remission‐targeted treatments of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are well‐established, but the long‐term success of such strategies is speculative, as is the role of early add‐on biologics. We assessed the 10‐year outcomes of patients with early RA treated with initial remission‐targeted triple combination of conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), 7.5‐mg prednisolone, and additional infliximab (IFX) or placebo infusions.

Methods

Ninety‐nine patients with early, DMARD‐naive RA were treated with a triple combination of csDMARDs and prednisolone and randomized to double‐blind receipt of infusions of either IFX (the Finnish Rheumatoid Arthritis Combination Therapy Trial [FIN‐RACo] + IFX) or placebo (FIN‐RACo + placebo) during the first 6 months. After 2 years, the treatment strategies became unrestricted, but the treatment goal was strict remission in the TNF‐Blocking Therapy in Combination With Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (NEO‐RACo) study. At 10 years, the clinical and radiographic outcomes and the drug treatments used between 5 and 10 years were assessed.

Results

Ninety patients (91%) were followed after 2 years, 43 in the FIN‐RACo + IFX and 47 in the FIN‐RACo + placebo group. At 10 years, the respective proportions of patients in strict NEO‐RACo remission and in Disease Activity Score using 28 joints remission in the FIN‐RACo + IFX and FIN‐RACo + placebo groups were 46% and 38% (P = 0.46) and 82% and 72% (P = 0.29), respectively. The mean total Sharp/van der Heijde score was 9.8 in the FIN‐RACo + IFX and 7.3 in the FIN‐RACo + placebo group (P = 0.34). During the 10‐year follow‐up, 26% of the FIN‐RACo + IFX group and 30% of the FIN‐RACo + placebo group had received biologics (P = 0.74).

Conclusion

In early RA, excellent results can be maintained up until 10 years in most patients treated with initial combination csDMARDs and remission‐targeted strategy, regardless of initial IFX/placebo infusions.
Directly Visualizing Tactile Perception and Ultrasensitive Tactile Sensors by Utilizing Body‐Enhanced Induction of Ambient Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Ren Zewei , Nie Jinhui , Xu Liang , Jiang Tao , Chen Baodong , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: October 2018

Tactile recognition is a critical technology for many applications. Here, it is found that the ambient electromagnetic signal, which is usually regarded as electromagnetic noise, can be a good triggering source to realize tactile detection. A circuit consisting of two light emitting diodes (LEDs) is designed as sensor unit and human contact can amplify the electrostatic signal induced by electromagnetic wave in this circuit, which enhances the brightness of the LEDs. Hence, visualizing tactile perception can be achieved based on this strategy. Accordingly, a stretchable and semi‐transparent sensor matrix is established for mapping detailed contact positions, on which the contact force can be smaller than 0.001 N. The detection and the visualization of sliding trajectory and pressure change are also demonstrated by using this sensory method, indicating its good applicability for different purposes. Electromagnetic wave universally exists in the working places and tactile sensors based on this strategy can be possibly applied to many fields such as factory automation, intelligent robotics, human–machine interaction, etc.
Engineering Fully Organic and Biodegradable Superhydrophobic Materials
Authors: Milionis Athanasios , Sharma Chander Shekhar , Hopf Raoul , Uggowitzer Michael , Bayer Ilker S. , Poulikakos Dimos
Published: October 2018

The development of fully organic (cellulose/wax based), biodegradable, and hierarchically textured superhydrophobic material, inspired by natural, self‐cleaning plants, like the Lotus leaf is reported. The developed material can reproduce in a controllable and artificial manner the chemical composition and material properties of these natural surfaces. At the same time, the fabrication protocol described here enables realization of properties beyond the ones found in the natural leaves, by allowing facile tuning of the topographical and mechanical properties. The surface topography consists of a micropillar structure assembly with, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the highest to date reported aspect ratio (7.6) for cellulose materials. Additionally, control and tunability of the material's mechanical properties are also demonstrated, which is rendered softer (down to 227 MPa Young's modulus from 997 MPa base value) by adding glycerol as a natural plasticizer. Finally, the self‐cleaning properties are demonstrated and the biodegradability of the material is evaluated in a period of ≈3 months, which confirms full biodegradation. Additionally, water drop and jet impact, and folding tests demonstrate that the material can reasonably sustain its wettability properties. Such a truly bioinspired and biodegradable material system could find potential use in various bioengineering applications.
Dipolar Switching of Charge‐Injection Barriers at Electrode/Semiconductor Interfaces as a Mechanism for Water‐Induced Instabilities of Organic Devices
Authors: Nouchi Ryo
Published: October 2018

An electrode contact–related mechanism for the operational instability of organic electronic devices is proposed and confirmed via observation of a water‐induced change in charge‐injection barrier heights at the electrode/organic‐semiconductor interfaces. Water molecules in air penetrate into the organic crystal via diffusion, and an external electric field orients the electric dipole of the water molecules at the electrode surfaces, leading to dipolar switching of the charge‐injection barrier height. As a result of the switching, current–voltage curves of two‐terminal Au–rubrene–Au devices change from symmetric to asymmetric, showing diode‐like rectification and reversible switching of the diode polarity. The device shows the highest current switching ratio of 267 for the switching voltage of 3 V, corresponding to an electrode work function change of >144 meV. The mechanism proposed herein will be important especially for short‐channel organic devices, which are indispensable for applications such as organic integrated circuits.
Smart Design on the Cyclometalated Ligands of Iridium(III) Complexes for Facile Tuning of Phosphorescence Color Spanning from Deep‐Blue to Near‐Infrared
Authors: Chen Zhao , Wang Liqi , Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Chen Shuming , Suramitr Songwut , Plucksacholatarn Aunyamanee , Zhu Nianyong , Hannongbua Supa , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: October 2018

It has long been a challenge to achieve iridium(III) complexes with emission colors covering the whole visible and near‐infrared wavelengths, by using similar cyclometalating ligands. Herein, a series of iridium(III) complexes that accomplish broadly tunable phosphorescence from 420 to 729 nm through the use of trifluoromethyl substituents and other conjugated units such as [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐c]pyridine in the cyclometalating ligands are reported. The peak external quantum efficiencies of 7.1%, 20.0%, 14.0%, 4.0%, and 16.0% are achieved for deep‐blue, green, red, near‐infrared, and white phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes, respectively, by using these iridium(III) complexes.
Facile Nanogold–Perovskite Enabling Ultrasensitive Flexible Broadband Photodetector with pW Scale Detection Limit
Authors: Luo Xiao , Zhao Feiyu , Liang Yuanlong , Du Lili , Lv Wenli , Xu Kun , Wang Ying , Peng Yingquan
Published: October 2018

Broadband photodetection is central to spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing in modern science and technology. However, traditional devices suffer from a higher dark current because as‐adopted photoactive semiconductors tend to be accompanied by a large noise output due to higher conductivity, resulting in low sensitivity and detectivity. The utilization of photon manipulation as enhancing light–matter interaction on a deep subwavelength scale provides a fascinating opportunity to achieve higher photocurrent while keeping a low noise level. Here, an ultrasensitive flexible broadband photodetector based on multiphysics coupled nanogold–perovskite films is demonstrated. The mechanism involves optimized interfacial injection, bulk transport, photon trapping, and energy transformation, and leads to high photosensitivity (≈105), low detection limit (5.7 pW), and wide spectral response (UV–vis–NIR). These results show that the nanometal–perovskite framework can be used as a powerful platform for ultrasensitive flexible broadband photodetection, competitive with state‐of‐the‐art commercial devices or publications.
A Solution Processed Flexible Nanocomposite Substrate with Efficient Light Extraction via Periodic Wrinkles for White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Huang Yilong , Liu Yayun , Youssef Kareem , Tong Kwing , Tian Yanhong , Pei Qibing
Published: October 2018

A new flexible nanocomposite substrate is reported to enhance the light outcoupling efficiency of white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The substrate comprises silver nanowires as electrode and periodic wrinkles as external structures for light extraction. It can outcouple both the waveguide and substrate modes. With the optimized external light extraction structures, white OLEDs based on the nanocomposite substrates show external quantum efficiency (EQE) enhancement factor of 2.34 compared to control devices on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass, with an EQE of (38.4 ± 2.7)%, a power efficiency of 85.8 ± 2.9 lm W−1, and a current efficiency of 100.3 ± 7.1 cd A−1 at luminance of 1000 cd m−2. Moreover, the external wrinkles improve the spectral uniformity over a wide range of viewing angles, which is an important feature for lighting applications. The nanocomposite substrate is fully solution‐processed and thus can potentially lower the manufacturing cost of high‐efficiency flexible OLEDs.
Roll‐to‐Roll Slot Die Coated Perovskite for Efficient Flexible Solar Cells
Authors: Galagan Yulia , Di Giacomo Francesco , Gorter Harrie , Kirchner Gerwin , de Vries Ike , Andriessen Ronn , Groen Pim
Published: October 2018

The feasibility of upscaling the perovskite solar cells technologies to high volume production using roll‐to‐roll (R2R) slot die coating is demonstrated in this study. Perovskite solar cells are produced by R2R slot die coating on flexible substrates with a width of 30 cm and the web speed of 3–5 m min−1. R2R deposition of the electron transport layer and perovskite is performed at ambient atmosphere from nontoxic solvents compatible with industrial manufacturing. The average stabilized power conversion efficiency of the devices made on different areas of the foil is 12%, with the best value of 13.5%. The demonstrated achievement is an important milestone and a big solid step toward future commercialization of perovskite‐based solar cells technologies.
3D Architectures of Quaternary Co‐Ni‐S‐P/Graphene Hybrids as Highly Active and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Song Hee Jo , Yoon Hyunseok , Ju Bobae , Lee Gwang‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Wan
Published: October 2018

Developing low‐cost, highly active, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts is a challenging issue in electrochemical water electrolysis. Building on 3D architectured electrocatalysts through structural and compositional engineering is an effective strategy to enhance catalytic activities as well as stability and durability. Herein, 3D architectures of quaternary Co‐Ni‐S‐P compounds coupled with graphene ((Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G) electrocatalysts are proposed, in which nanosheets are self‐assembled to form 3D architectures with round and flat doughnut‐like shapes, toward overall water splitting. Benefiting from the 3D architectures and Ni, P substitution, (Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G exhibits superior electrocatalytic activities with low overpotentials of 117 and 285 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slopes of 85 and 105 mV dec−1 for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively, in alkaline media. In addition, minimal increases in overpotential are observed, even after the 10 000th voltammetric cycle and continuous chronopotentiometric testing over 50–100 h, confirming the high stability and durability of (Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G. When used as both cathode and anode, (Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G achieves excellent overall water splitting performance with a cell potential as low as 1.65 V, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with no obvious decay after 50 h, demonstrating that (Co1−xNix)(S1−yPy)2/G is an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Enabling Stable Lithium Metal Anode via 3D Inorganic Skeleton with Superlithiophilic Interphase
Authors: Fan Lei , Li Siyuan , Liu Lei , Zhang Weidong , Gao Lina , Fu Yao , Chen Fang , Li Jing , Zhuang Houlong L. , Lu Yingying
Published: October 2018

The lithium metal battery (LMB) is among the most sought‐after battery chemistries for high‐energy storage devices. However, LMBs usually undergo uncontrollable lithium deposition and severe side reactions, which significantly impede their practical applications. Herein, a stable Al2O3‐based inorganic framework with superlithiophilic lithium aluminum oxide (Li‐Al‐O) interphase is created via reacting Li with Al2O3 nanoparticles. The Al2O3‐based inorganic framework can serve as a stable Li “host,” reducing the volume expansion during cell cycling. Moreover, the strong interaction between Li‐Al‐O interphase and Li+ can redistribute Li+ and reduce the ion concentration gradient near surface protrusion, thus reducing uneven lithium electrodeposition. From galvanostatic measurements, symmetric cells with the 3D Al2O3‐hybrid electrode can operate under an ultrahigh current density of 8 mA cm−2 over 480 cycles. When used in full cells, it improves the capacity retention of Li/LiFePO4 from 78.4% to 93.6% after 200 cycles and enables long‐term operation of Li/Li4Ti5O12 for over 1200 cycles.
Current state and future evolution of pancreatic islet transplantation
Authors: Anazawa Takayuki , Okajima Hideaki , Masui Toshihiko , Uemoto Shinji
Published: October 2018

Pancreatic islet transplantation provides an effective treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with intractable impaired awareness of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemic events. Currently, the primary goal of islet transplantation should be excellent glycemic control without severe hypoglycemia, rather than insulin independence. Islet transplant recipients were less likely to achieve insulin independence, whereas solid pancreas transplant recipients substantially had greater procedure‐related morbidity. Excellent therapeutic effects of islet transplantation as a result of accurate blood glucose level–reactive insulin secretion, which cannot be reproduced by current drug therapy, have been confirmed. Recent improvement of islet transplantation outcome has been achieved by refinement of the pancreatic islet isolation technique, improvement of islet engraftment method, and introduction of effective immunosuppressive therapy. A disadvantage of islet transplantation is that donors are essential, and donor shortage has become a hindrance to its development. With the development of alternative transplantation sites and new cell sources, including porcine islet cells and embryonic stem/induced pluripotent stem (ES/iPS)‐derived β cells, “On‐demand” and “Unlimited” cell therapy for T1D can be established.
Direct C−H Borylation at the 2‐ and 2,7‐Positions of Pyrene Leading to Brightly Blue‐ and Green‐Emitting Chromophores
Authors: Yao Xuelin , Zhang Ke , Müllen Klaus , Wang Xiao‐Ye
Published: October 2018

A straightforward C−H borylation at the 2‐ and 2,7‐positions of pyrene derivatives has been demonstrated, generating a new type of non‐K‐region heteroannelated pyrene‐based chromophores, i. e. 2‐(tert‐butyl)‐10,11‐dioxa‐10a‐boratribenzo[a,f,lm]perylene (1) and 11,12,23,24‐tetraoxa‐11a,23a‐diboratetrabenzo[a,f,n,s]terrylene (2). Compound 1 exhibits strong blue fluorescence (λmax: 442 nm) with a quantum yield of 70%, whereas compound 2 with alkyl substituents displays green fluorescence (λmax: 525 nm) with a quantum yield of 84%. Furthermore, p‐type charge transport has been revealed for both compounds by organic field‐effect transistors.
Corneal confocal microscopy: Neurologic disease biomarker in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Pagovich Odelya E. , Vo Mary L. , Zhao Zoe Z. , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Yuan Michelle , Lertsuwanroj Buntitar , Ciralsky Jessica , Lai Edward , Kiss Szilard , D'Amico Donald J. , Mezey Jason G. , Malik Rayaz A. , Crystal Ronald G.
Published: October 2018

Objective

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the mitochondrial protein frataxin, is characterized by ataxia and gait instability, immobility, and eventual death. We evaluated corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) quantification of corneal nerve morphology as a novel, noninvasive, in vivo quantitative imaging biomarker for the severity of neurological manifestations in FRDA.

Methods

Corneal nerve fiber density, branch density, and fiber length were quantified in individuals with FRDA (n = 23) and healthy age‐matched controls (n = 14). All individuals underwent genetic testing and a detailed neurological assessment with the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS). A subset of individuals with FRDA who were ambulatory underwent quantitative gait assessment.

Results

CCM demonstrated a significant reduction in nerve fiber density and length in FRDA compared to healthy controls. Importantly, CCM parameters correlated with genotype, SARA and FARS neurological scales, and linear regression modeling of CCM nerve parameter–generated equations that predict the neurologic severity of FRDA.

Interpretation

Together, the data suggest that CCM quantification of corneal nerve morphology is a rapid, sensitive imaging biomarker for quantifying the severity of neurologic disease in individuals with FRDA. Ann Neurol 2018;84:893–904
Effect of the Pseudogap on the Quasiparticle Transport from the Static Limit to Finite Energy for Cuprate Superconductors
Authors: Zhao Huaisong , Yan Xu , Wan Yong , Yuan Feng
Published: October 2018

Within the renormalized t‐J model and self‐consistent mean field theory, the doping and energy dependences of the quasiparticle transport is studied in cuprate superconductors, especially in the underdoped region. By calculating the doping and energy dependence of the ratio of the thermal conductivity to the electrical conductivity at temperature T, (the form of the Wiedemann–Franz law), it is shown that increases with the increase of energy from underdoping to overdoping, whereas it is constant in heavily overdoped cuprate superconductors and recovers the result of the Wiedemann–Franz law at zero energy. The slope of is the highest in the underdoped region, decreases with increasing the doping concentration in the whole doping range, and reaches zero in the heavily overdoped region. In particular, the ratio as a function of energy exhibits a characteristic peak over the transition from underdoping to overdoping, and the position of the characteristic peak ωWF decreases monotonically upon increasing doping concentration. Therefore, these results indicate that the slope of and characteristic peaks as a function of doping are related to the appearance of the pseudogap in cuprate superconductors.
Electron Magnetic Moment in Highly Charged Ions: The ARTEMIS Experiment
Authors: Vogel Manuel , Ebrahimi Mohammad Sadegh , Guo Zhexi , Khodaparast Anahita , Birkl Gerhard , Quint Wolfgang
Published: October 2018

The magnetic moment (g‐factor) of the electron is a fundamental quantity in physics that can be measured with high accuracy by spectroscopy in Penning traps. Its value has been predicted by theory, both for the case of the free (unbound) electron and for the electron bound in a highly charged ion. Precision measurements of the electron magnetic moment yield a stringent test of these predictions and can in turn be used for a determination of fundamental constants such as the fine structure constant or the atomic mass of the electron. For the bound‐electron magnetic‐moment measurement, two complementary approaches exist, one via the so‐called “continuous Stern–Gerlach effect”, applied to ions with zero‐spin nuclei, and one a spectroscopic approach, applied to ions with nonzero nuclear spin. Here, the latter approach is detailed, and an overview of the experiment and its status is given.