bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Cervical Cancer Screening Using the Theory of Reasoned Action
Authors: Barling Norman R. , Moore Susan M.
Published: August 2011

Rates of Pap smears among 72 adult women were shown to be sub-optimal and predicted indirectly by attitudes and subjective norms. Women perceived these examinations to be unpleasant and embarrassing.
Cooperativeness vs Competitiveness: Initial Findings regarding Effects on the Performance of Individual and Group Problem-Solving
Authors: Kline Theresa J. B. , Sell Yvonne P.
Published: August 2011

Six mixed-gender groups ( ns = 3 to 5 each), comprised of either highly competitive (two groups), highly cooperative (two groups), or highly competitive and highly cooperative (two groups) individuals, participated. Participants first engaged in a cooperative problem-solving exercise and then completed an ill-structured problem, the Moon Survival Task, first on their own and then as a group. Analysis showed no differences in performance by individuals or groups; however, there was improvement in performance at the group level over the individual level, particularly for those individuals in the highly cooperative/highly competitive group. Findings do not support widely held assumptions about the utility of cooperativeness and detriment of competitiveness or of the possible advantage a cooperative rather than a competitive group may hold for women in particular.
Psychology of Computer Use: XLI. Undergraduates' Self-Reported use of Computer Virus Detectors
Authors: Marcis John G. , Deck Alan B.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the frequency of students' self-reported use of virus detectors on their personal computers at home, at work, and at school. Data were gathered in an anonymous in-class national survey of 3,323 seniors at 82 colleges and universities. It was hypothesized that both the students who self-reported being more computer literate and those who self-reported being more experienced users of computer software would more likely indicate that they regularly use a virus detector. A chi-square test of the data supported these hypotheses.
Social Class and Behavior: Simultaneous Class Positions Yield Different Amounts of Income
Authors: Muntaner Carles , Stormes James
Published: August 2011

We used data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to present preliminary findings on the social class behavior of the poor and general populations in the USA. Analysis supported the notion that individuals are engaged simultaneously in multiple class positions, e.g., self-employed and welfare recipient, that yield different amounts of income. Moreover, no single label or explanation, e.g., “underclass” or “the poor are marginal to the economy,” seems appropriate to describe the complexity of the economic behavior of poor individuals.
An Approach for Examining the Rationality of Suicide
Authors: Lester David , Yang Bijou
Published: August 2011

78 subjects were presented with an hypothetical situation in which they were considering committing suicide after being afflicted with cancer. Their decision to commit suicide was affected by the anticipated pain from the chemotherapy and by the probability of survival, suggesting that suicide can be a rational choice.
The Subjectivity of Loneliness and Coping with it
Authors: Rokach Ami
Published: August 2011

Previous research, upon which the present study is based, identified five clearly distinguished factors which comprise the loneliness experience: Emotional distress, Social inadequacy and alienation, Growth and discovery, Interpersonal isolation, and Self-alienation. Further research indicated that the various coping strategies could be grouped into six factors, namely, Reflection and acceptance, Self-development and understanding, Social support network, Distancing and denial, Religion and faith, and Increased activity. The present study examined which were the most beneficial coping strategies, depending on the qualitative experience of lonely persons. The following coping strategies were identified as best suited to cope with and reduce the pain of loneliness, Acceptance and reflection, Social interaction, and Increased activity. Distancing from loneliness and attempts to ignore and deny it are the least effective and can, at best, be helpful on a temporary basis only.
Reliability of a Knowledge of Aids Scale: A Replication
Authors: Nicholas Lionel , Orr Neil , Daniels Priscilla
Published: August 2011

Zimet's knowledge of AIDS scale was completed anonymously by 2,209 university students to assess whether a split-half approach in which items in each half were matched for content would provide better estimates of reliability than other methods. Analysis indicated that the odd-even Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient was lower than both the alpha coefficient and the content-based split-half coefficient. The Cronbach alpha was similar to the content-based Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient.
Affective Symptoms in Young Children of Substance Abusers Correlate with Parental Distress
Authors: Greco-Vigorito Carolyn , Drucker Philip M. , Moore-Russell Martha , Avaltroni Jeannine
Published: August 2011

In families that included a chemically addicted father, the nonsubstance abusing mother was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory and her children were assessed for depression using the Children's Depression Inventory. The nonsubstance-abusing mothers were psychologically distressed and their distress correlated (positively for girls and negatively for boys) with their children's depression.
An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the 26-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in a Japanese Culture
Authors: Fukunishi Isao , Nakagawa Takayuki , Nakamura Hiroshi , Takubo Mariko , Kaji Norie , Kikuchi Michiko , Nishihara Yukako
Published: August 2011

We investigated the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the 26-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in a Japanese culture, testing a sample of 1,008. The validity and reliability of this Japanese version were suggested by significant correlations with the Beth Israel Hospital Psychosomatic Questionnaire and estimates to test-retest and internal consistency. These results suggest that this version may be suitable for Japanese populations. Although alexithymia scores were correlated negatively with increasing age, the result, based on the large sample, seems to be of minimal significance.
Bedside Stuffed Animals and Borderline Personality
Authors: Labbate Lawrence A. , Benedek David M.
Published: August 2011

We explored the relationship between psychiatric diagnosis and the presence of stuffed animals at the bedside in a population of adult female psychiatric inpatients. One of the authors made approximately weekly surveys of the wardrooms of adult psychiatric inpatients over twelve months for the presence of displayed stuffed animals. The observer was blind to the diagnosis of 80% of the patients, and the study or its hypothesis was not known to other physicians. The discharge diagnoses of patients displaying stuffed animals were recorded and compared with those of the ward population in general. Among 36 female patients who displayed stuffed animals in their rooms, Borderline Personality Disorder was diagnosed in 22 (61%) of these patients. Of 447 adult female patients admitted to the same unit over the same period, only 17% were noted to be diagnosed Borderline Personality Disorder. Stuffed animals as a bedside clinical clue may suggest evaluation for Borderline Personality Disorder.
Participation in Multicomponent Hypnosis Treatment Programs for Women's Weight Loss with and without Overt Aversion
Authors: Johnson David L. , Karkut Richard T.
Published: August 2011

Studies of hypnotic, covert and overt aversive techniques have yielded equivocal results when each has been examined for a singular effect on weight lost. Some have advocated study of effective combinations of techniques before investing in other applications. Two programs of hypnosis, imagery, diet, tape, behavior management and support but differing in the overt use of aversion (electric shock, disgusting tastes, smells) were examined. A total of 172 overweight adult women were treated, 86 in a hypnosis only and 86 in an overt aversion and hypnosis program. Both programs achieved significant weight losses. Although subjects who received overt aversion attained somewhat more desired goals and lost more weight than subjects receiving only hypnosis, the differences were not significant.
Team Performance and Human Values
Authors: Fisher S. G. , Macrosson W. D. K. , Yusuff M. R.
Published: August 2011

In the field of management the values, attitudes, and beliefs of individuals are significant indicators of high performance and corporate success. What has not been widely shown is that, in the context of work teams, the sharing of values, attitudes, and beliefs are also related to high performance, although there appears to be tacit agreement among writers on the subject of team work that this is so. A study was undertaken to provide evidence by testing the hypothesis that team performance is positively influenced by the extent to which values are shared amongst the members of the team. Kendall's W was calculated for the values of 10 teams, and, within the constraints of the experiment, significant correlations supported the hypothesis; however, confirmatory studies are also required.
Personality Scales as Predictors of Older Combat Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Hyer Lee , Boyd Stephanie
Published: August 2011

The sparse literature on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among older combat veterans has not explored individual personality styles. 120 older combat veterans who were treatment-seeking in medical and psychiatric outpatient clinics, were assessed whether two personality styles (identified in other research as potentially reflective of PTSD) added to the problems of PTSD beyond the information associated with the stressors of combat and aging. Analyses indicated that the personality style, Sensitivity, was significantly related to PTSD beyond these other factors.
Adult Psychopathology on the MMPI and Dysfunctional Families of Origin
Authors: Gumbiner Jann , Flowers John V. , St. Peter Shirley , Booraem Curtis D.
Published: August 2011

Adults who were raised in dysfunctional families demonstrate psychopathology on the MMPI. 396 (140 men, 256 women) adult clients (mean age = 35 yr.) from dysfunctional families who were seeking treatment at a university counseling center were administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Analysis showed significantly elevated scores on F, Total Pathology, Depression, Psychopathic Deviance, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia, and Social Introversion scales by these subjects from families with a history of physical, sexual, emotional abuse, or alcoholism. This study contributes to the growing body of empirical research on the relationship between dysfunctional families of origin and adult psychopathology.
Revisiting a “Study of Moral Development in the South African Context” by Smith and Parekh
Authors: Snarey John , Keljo Kurt
Published: August 2011

Smith and Parekh's 1996 study underscored the importance of studying the influence of racism upon moral development. Alternative interpretations of their findings suggest fruitful directions for research.
Perceptions of Parenting Stress and Family Relations by Fathers of Children Evaluated for Organ Transplantation
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , MacNaughton Kathleen , Hoffmann Russell G. , Graham-Pole John , Andres Joel M. , Novak Donald A. , Fennell Robert S.
Published: August 2011

18 fathers of children evaluated for solid organ or bone marrow transplantation completed measures of parenting stress and family functioning. Comparisons with normative data indicated that these fathers reported less parenting stress, less family conflict, more concern about family finances, and more limitations in family activities. These data highlight the need for family-based assessments in pediatric transplantation.
Efficacy of Volunteerism for Role-Loss Depression: A Complement to Weinstein, et al.
Authors: Crist-Houran Michelle
Published: August 2011

Weinstein, et al. (1995) noted that volunteer work is related to decreased boredom and an increased sense of purpose in life, however, additional salient factors likely contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of volunteerism, since a literature review indicated that volunteer work is intrinsically associated with those criteria that have been empirically shown to enhance well-being.
Semantic Differential Comparisons of Attributions and Dimensions among Respondents from Seven Nations
Authors: Chandler Theodore A. , Spies Carl J.
Published: August 2011

Semantic classifications of 11 attributes of achievement (Bias, Help, Luck, Ability, Competence, Effort, Task, Chance, Knowledge, Skills, and Mood) were compared using a 7-point scale on the dimensions of external-internal, global-specific, controllable-uncontrollable, stable (unchangeable)-unstable (changeable), and predictable-unpredictable. There were significant cross-national differences on nine of the 11 attributions. Although there were significant differences among the meanings expressed by respondents in the different countries the largest differences were found in Israel. How a specific culture views the meaning of an attribution may help us to understand why certain attributions are or are not used in various countries and in what way they are used.
The “Imaginary Audience,” Self-Handicapping, and Drinking Patterns among College Students
Authors: Montgomery Robert L. , Haemmerlie Frances M. , Zoellner Shannon
Published: August 2011

A study of 80 midwestern college students indicated that higher scores on Lapsley's 1990 Imaginary Audience scale were associated with lower grades, greater use of immature self-handicapping strategies, and several negative consequences associated with drinking alcohol.
Professed Instructional Values versus Ratings of Student Teachers' Behavior during Classes in Mathematics and Science
Authors: Shapiro Stewart B. , Moheno Phillip B. B.
Published: August 2011

Seven experienced raters were unable to discriminate significantly between the teaching behaviors of 4 high and 4 low scoring apprentice teachers of mathematics and science in secondary schools on a scale measuring humanistic/confluent instructional values. This study is intended as a general contribution to the sparse empirical literature on the relationship of professed humanistic teaching or learning values to teaching behaviors in the classroom.
Using Logical Memory in Australia
Authors: Sullivan Karen , Bowden Stephen C.
Published: August 2011

Australian neuropsychologists, who use tests developed in North America such as Wechsler's Memory Scales, have expressed some concerns about the relevance of test materials for Australian clients. In Australia, concern about the American content of Logical Memory prompted Ivison to recommend modifications to adapt this test for local conditions. Consequently, when Australian psychologists administer Logical Memory they may be using Wechsler's stories, the stories Ivison adapted for Australian conditions, or stories modified on an individual basis, as was reputedly common practice in the past. We conducted a nationwide survey of members of the Australian Psychological Society, College of Clinical Neuropsychologists, to assess which stories neuropsychologists use and whether they modify the standard instructions for Logical Memory. Recommendations for psychologists who use modified versions of Logical Memory in clinical practice are discussed and may also be useful for those who use modified versions of other standardised tests.
Smoking and Trait Anxiety
Authors: Canals Josepa , Doménech Edelmira , Bladé Jordi
Published: August 2011

Smoking behavior was not associated with trait anxiety scores for a sample of 290 Spanish youth of 18 years.
Sex and Mathematical Background as Predictors of Anxiety and Self-Efficacy in Mathematics
Authors: Lussier Gretchen
Published: August 2011

Anxiety and self-efficacy in mathematics as a function of sex and mathematical background were investigated. This study employed an ex post facto 2 × 2 factorial design in which sex and mathematical background were classification variables. It was predicted that men would report lower anxiety scores and higher self-efficacy scores than women and that students with a high mathematical background would report lower anxiety scores and higher self-efficacy scores than those with a low background in mathematics. An interaction between sex and mathematical background was also predicted. 51 subjects were given the revised Mathematics Anxiety Scale and the Mathematics Self-efficacy Scale. Results supported the hypotheses with respect to background in mathematics for anxiety in mathematics, and all of the hypotheses were supported for self-efficacy in mathematics.
An Evaluation of Competing Structural Models of Adolescents' Concerns: Chi-Squared, Fit Indices, and Parsimony
Authors: Violato Claudio
Published: August 2011

In 1993 Adwere-Boamah and Curds replicated a 1988 study by Violato and Holden of a four-factor model of adolescents' concerns. Employing confirmatory factor analysis, they concluded that the model did not fit the data well. In a re-analysis, it is suggested in the present paper that on the contrary, the results support the original model.
Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis with Marginal Populations: A Note on Observing and Adapting to Local Culture
Authors: Bar-Din Anne
Published: August 2011

Psychoanalytic theory and psychotherapy for corrective object relationships as adapted for use with children of very poor families is described.
Diagnostic Differences Related to Age and Race of Involuntarily Committed Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Rayburn T. Monroe , Stonecypher John F.
Published: August 2011

Diagnostic differences were found in a sample of 273 involuntarily committed psychiatric patients. 161 black patients were more often diagnosed with psychotic disorders than the 112 Caucasian ones, with the 112 white patients being more often diagnosed with an affective disorder than the 161 black patients. Personality disorders were less frequently diagnosed in 110 older than in the 163 younger patients.
What Have You Learned from Your Homeless Experience? A Phenomenological Approach for Counseling Unsheltered Homeless Men
Authors: Sumerlin John R.
Published: August 2011

Field notes were obtained from 145 unsheltered homeless men regarding what they had learned from an experience of homelessness. Responses represented an aspect of each person's internal frame of reference. Statements about trust in self and an efficacy to survive were common themes. Findings were placed in a humanistic-existential model useful for counseling.
Viewers' Ratings of Violence Presented in Justified and Unjustified Contexts
Authors: Moore Simon R. , Cockerton Tracey
Published: August 2011

Viewers' ratings of violence were investigated in an independent groups design using 147 undergraduate students. A 10-min. film clip was introduced to one group (n = 77) to provide justification for the violent events. The second group ( n = 70) acted as a control with no justification given for the violence. Viewers of the justified violence rated that violence as less extreme, and their interest and involvement in the program significantly lower than viewers in the unjustified violence condition. Pre- to posttest increases in anger were small and no significant difference was found between the two groups. These results have important implications for reports of violence in the media.
Gender and Undergraduate Business Students' Perceptions of Computer Self-Efficacy
Authors: Miller Marc D.
Published: August 2011

Among 164 junior and senior business administration students, gender differences in perceptions of computer self-efficacy were identified. Men rated their perceptions of computer skills higher than did women.
Citation of Laws and Theories in Textbooks across 112 Years of Psychology
Authors: Roeckelein Jon E.
Published: August 2011

Data concerning citation of laws ( n = 157) and theories ( n = 699) were collected from psychology textbooks across 112 years (1885–1996) of psychology. Three hypotheses concerning the comparative “citation strength” of the terms law and theory in psychology were set up to be tested: (1) the number of laws cited in psychology textbooks has increased over 112 years; (2) the number of theories cited in psychology textbooks has increased over 112 years; and (3) the ratio of laws-to-theories cited in psychology textbooks has remained relatively balanced over 112 years. Results showed that Hypotheses 1 and 3 were not confirmed, and Hypothesis 2 was confirmed. It was suggested that psychology has a need for a more balanced relationship between number of laws and theories cited in textbooks. Supplemental analyses tracked citation counts of specific laws and theories across 112 years to detect strength of citation and change in those concepts over time. Research was suggested concerning the semantic issues associated with use of the terms law and theory in psychology.
Self-Defeating Personality, Argumentativeness, and Assertive Self-Statements
Authors: Schill Thomas
Published: August 2011

55 men and 55 women were administered Schill's Self-defeating Personality Scale, an argumentativeness scale, and a measure of assertive self-statements. Women with higher scores on the Self-defeating Personality Scale had lower scores on the argumentativeness scale. Both men and women scoring higher on the Self-defeating Personality Scale recalled having thoughts which inhibited them from making assertive statements. These results were discussed as supporting prior research showing that persons reporting more self-defeating characteristics were relatively unassertive.
Respondents' Gender Differences and Disciplinary Actions: Beliefs as an Antecedent Variable in Research on Attribution
Authors: Hughes R. Eugene
Published: August 2011

To test the assumption that men and women exhibit comparable beliefs regarding the effect of available disciplinary actions when attributional stimuli are minimized undergraduates were asked to assume the role of a supervisor and record their beliefs regarding the influence of 12 separate discipline actions on a subordinate whose performance had been evaluated as unsatisfactory. The potential for attributional stimuli was reduced by providing participants no information regarding the cause of the unsatisfactory performance or the gender of the subordinate. One-way multivariate analysis of variance of ratings on a 9-point scale by 47 female and 51 male undergraduates showed no differences between their beliefs about the effect of the separate disciplinary actions. Different beliefs as an antecedent variable in research on attributions was not supported and training may be an option to reduce differences in the disciplinary decisions ascribed to gender and the attributional process.
Personality Development of Adolescents with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Huisman J. , Bosch J. D. , Waal H. A. Delemarre-V.D.
Published: August 2011

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a disorder of puberty characterized by absence of spontaneous sexual maturation. 8 male adolescents with this disorder, who were treated with pulsatile GnRH administration, were examined psychologically by means of standardized interviews. Problems were found in the development of independence (specifically relating to own body image and social functioning) and in identity development (particularly on personal characteristics).
Evaluative and Affective Dimensions of Self-Concept: A Test of Construct Validity Using Structural Equations Modeling
Authors: Irwing Paul
Published: August 2011

It has been suggested that self-concept has both an evaluative and an affective dimension. Measures of self-concept, task satisfaction and performance were obtained from a sample of 188 Northern Irish university students. Using confirmatory factor analysis (LISREL 8), it was shown that, whereas a one-factor model did not fit the self-concept data, a two-factor model in which evaluative items loaded on one factor and affective items on the other, demonstrated a good fit (Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.99). Further, a structural model in which evaluative self-concept was related to performance and affective self-concept was related to task satisfaction also fitted (IFI = 0.99). Thus, both the discriminant and construct validity of affective and evaluative self-concept were demonstrated. This may mean that previous studies have underestimated the magnitude of relationships between self-concept and other variables such as achievement.
Career-Priority Patterns among Managerial and Professional Women in Norway
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Richardsen Astrid M.
Published: August 2011

This research examined correlates of Norwegian managerial and professional women's patterns of career priority to replicate findings from a large Canadian study. 191 women indicated their commitment to career-primary ( n= 32) or career-family ( n= 159) orientations. The latter earned less income, worked fewer hours per week, and spent more time on household tasks. They also were less involved with their jobs and held less optimistic future career prospects. Fewer significant correlates were observed among Norwegian than Canadian managerial women.
Evaluating a Training Program for Parental Educators
Authors: Fox Robert A. , Hennick Elena Parroni
Published: August 2011

This paper describes and evaluates a training program for parental educators to teach parenting classes for families with children 1 to 5 years of age. Six staff and parent volunteers from a family resource center participated. Evaluations of the training program showed improved knowledge and increased comfort in teaching parenting classes. Two graduates of the training program led a 10-week series of parenting classes. Parents in their class series ( n = 9) significantly reduced their reported use of verbal and corporal punishment, increased their nurturing, and improved their perceptions of their children's behavior. These results were similar to those from a series of similar classes for 15 parents led by a university instructor. Results are discussed in terms of research needs for training qualified parental educators.
Should Scientists and Engineers Be Combined into One Sample for Analysis?
Authors: Weaver Charles N. , Trankina Michele L.
Published: August 2011

When comparing differences in attitude between occupational groups, scientists and engineers typically are clustered together. Data from the General Social Surveys, a nationwide social indicators program, showed that scientists and engineers differ significantly in their attitudes toward sexual behaviors, for example. It is recommended, therefore, that differences between occupational groups be assessed before combining groups into a single sample.
Domestic Integration and Suicide in Spain
Authors: Lester David , García Juan Manuel Gutiérrez
Published: August 2011

Time-series analyses for data collected in Spain for 1950–1985 indicated that marriage and birth rates were positively associated with suicide rates.
Comments on Scott and Ponsoda's (1996) Positive and Negative Flashbulb Memories
Authors: Wright Daniel B. , Anderson Stephen J.
Published: August 2011

Most of the events studied in flashbulb memory research are negative. Scott and Ponsoda (1996) are thoroughly commended for examining differences between positive and negative flashbulbs. Here we address three points. First, we note that other applicable research on autobiographical memory exists and stress that research on flashbulb memories should be prevented from becoming an isolated topic. Second, we identify some areas wherein flashbulb research has been applied, which help explain why there has been an imbalance towards negative events. Finally, we discuss some of the methodological difficulties matching positive and negative events.
Does Self-Esteem Predict Suicidality after Controls for Depression?
Authors: Vella Maria L. , Persic Sue , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Self-reports of self-esteem were associated with reports of present and past suicidal ideation in a sample of 131 college students after controls for scores on the Beck Depression Inventory.
Bortner Type A Scores and Eight Basic Emotions for Survivors of Ventricular Fibrillation and Left Ventricular Failure during Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Čatipović-Veselica Katija , Marošević Lidija , Ilakovac Vesna , Amidžić Vjekoslav , Kozmar Damir , Burić Dinko , Čatipović Branimir
Published: August 2011

We examined Bortner scores for behavioral patterns and eight basic emotional dimensions named by Plutchik for patients with acute myocardial infarction who survived ventricular fibrillation and left ventricular failure. There were 70 patients, 48 men and 22 women ages 26 to 69 yr. ( M = 54, SD = 8), admitted to the coronary care unit within 24 hours of the onset of a long-lasting chest pain. Six patients survived an episode of ventricular fibrillation that occurred within 24 to 48 hours after their admission. 15 patients developed left ventricular failure and were in Killip Classes II and III. Patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure had mean Bortner scores significantly lower than others with acute myocardial infarction and were classed as Type B behavior. There was no difference in Bortner scores between patients with ventricular fibrillation and others with acute myocardial infarction. Patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure scored significantly higher on Timid than others with acute myocardial infarction. Patients with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation scored significantly lower on Depressed and higher on Distrust than other patients with acute myocardial infarction. Our findings suggest that patients with ventricular fibrillation and low scores on Depressed have good hospital prognosis. They are more critical and tend to reject people and ideas more than patients with acute myocardial infarction. This study suggests that the way in which patients with acute myocardial infarction react to their infarction, in terms of eight basic emotions and test patterns, is dependent on the complications of myocardial infarction.
Assessment of Metamemory Knowledge and Use of Strategy
Authors: Huet N. , Mariné C.
Published: August 2011

Four procedures for assessment of metamemory knowledge about strategies are examined in relation to strategy use in a recall task by adults. Analysis provides evidence that only the procedure for assessment of knowledge about the usefulness of the categorical strategy when spontaneously expressed by the subject could predict its use on a free-recall task
Measuring the Effects of Career Interviews on Young People: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Millar Rob , Brotherton Chris
Published: August 2011

A preliminary investigation was made of a measure to evaluate the effects of career interviews on young people. Using the Session Evaluation Questionnaire as a model, a set of bipolar adjective scales presented in semantic differential format were tested on 58 15- and 16-yr.-olds who were low achieving students in their final year of statutory education. Results supported earlier findings where two postinterview evaluation factors, termed depth and smoothness, and two postinterview affective state factors, termed positivity and arousal, were identified. In general, the reliabilities of some measures are adequate although further development is required.
The Jungian Psychological Functions Sensing and Intuition and the Preference for Art
Authors: van Rooij Jan J. F.
Published: August 2011

The study investigated the relationship between the Jungian psychological functions Sensing (S) and Intuition (N) and preference for art. It was hypothesized that S-persons would prefer realistic and representational art, where N-persons would like abstract art. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was administered to 179 subjects to assess the preference for either the S- or N-function. Subjects indicated how much they liked 20 painted portraits. The hypothesis was partly confirmed. Not only S-subjects ( n = 100) but also N-subjects ( n = 79) prefer realistic paintings over abstract ones. On the whole, abstract paintings are valued less than realistic paintings, but N-subjects like abstract paintings more than S-subjects.
Interrater Reliability of the Written Expression Subtest of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Revised: An Adolescent and Adult Sample
Authors: Ouchi Bryan Y. , Cole Jason C. , Muenz Tracy A. , Kaufman Alan S. , Kaufman Nadeen L.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the interrater reliability of the measure of written expression in the Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Revised. A sample more diverse in years of education and age than the normed population was used in this study. Fifty subjects from California, comprised of 72% females and 74% Caucasians, and ranging in age from 13 to 46, comprised the sample. Subjects were administered the “box” prompt from the PIAT-R Written Expression subtest (Level II). Interrater reliability for these scores was within the same range as the values provided in the manual once restriction of range was corrected.
Association of Identity and Intimacy: An Exploration of Gender and Sex-Role Orientation
Authors: Bartle-Haring Suzanne , Strimple Richelle Echelberger
Published: August 2011

This study examined Erikson's psychosocial crises of identity versus identity diffusion and intimacy versus isolation, focusing specifically on how sex-role orientation contributes to gender differences in the resolution of these two crises. Perceptions of competence in self-disclosure and emotional support in both same-sex friendships and relationships with heterosexual dating partners, along with achievement of ideological and interpersonal identity, were included in the study so that differences could be examined. First-year and fourth-year college students ( n = 135) at a large midwestern university responded to measures assessing identity, capacity for intimacy, and sex-role orientation. When controlling for sex-role orientation, the relationship between identity and intimacy was nonsignificant for men but significant for women.
Interpersonal Consequences of Narcissism
Authors: Carroll Lynne , Hoenigmann-Stovall Natalia , Whitehead George I.
Published: August 2011

This study explored the interpersonal consequences of different levels of narcissism in male and female targets. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory and its four subscales were given to compare interpersonal responses of persons exhibiting extreme, moderate, and low scores on narcissism. Participants read one of four versions of the inventory completed by a fictitious student named “Tom” or “Ann.” Analyses indicated that, while gender of participant or target had no effect, participants expressed significantly less interest in further interaction and greater rejection of a person exhibiting extreme scores on narcissism than one with moderate scores, extreme scores on self-absorption and entitlement, and low narcissism scores.
Infanticide of Defective Newborns: An Old Midwife's Story
Authors: Hontela Slavoj , Reddon John R.
Published: August 2011

The story of how a midwife many years ago dealt with defective newborns is used to illustrate complete control by a system external to the family. Similarities exist with current public policy concerning the interrelated issues of abortion, neonatal euthanasia, and infanticide in which the family system is often ignored. It is argued that the family's values, expectations, and desires are relevant to the establishment of public policy in this sensitive domain.
The Prototypal View of Diagnosis: Predictive Validity of Diagnostic Certainty for Schizophrenia
Authors: Roff James D. , Knight Raymond A.
Published: August 2011

Certainty of diagnosis in relation to several measures of predictive validity (outcome ratings) for 93 male VA psychiatric inpatients was correlated significantly for outcome measures reflecting greater long-term severity than for a more homogeneous subgroup of patients.
Scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition and Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement-Revised for a Sample of Children with Emotional Handicaps
Authors: Lavin Claire
Published: August 2011

Because there is little available research, this study examined the associations between scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement-Revised for 85 children with diagnosed emotional handicaps. Analysis indicated associations were significant.
Is There Psychopathology in the Coparents of Schizophrenic Adoptees' Half-Siblings?
Authors: Ingraham Loring J. , Chan Tina F.
Published: August 2011

An excess of schizophrenia has been observed in the biological relatives of adoptees with schizophrenia. The present analysis examined the possibility that illness observed among 90 half-siblings may have been influenced by assortative mating resulting in excess illness in the biological parents of the half-siblings not biologically related to the adoptees (the coparents). We found no difference in the prevalence of mental illness between 44 index and 26 control coparents.
Personal Conceptions of Intelligence: A Developmental Study in Portugal
Authors: Faria Luísa
Published: August 2011

The aim of this work is to present the results of a 2-yr. longitudinal study with a sample of 577 Portuguese high school students, observed twice, to study the intraindividual development of personal conceptions of intelligence during adolescence and its relation to school marks and to the causal dimension of controllability. Data, tested through LISREL structural equations, indicated school marks have an important role in the development of dynamic conceptions of intelligence during adolescence. These results were compared with those from other cultural contexts and were analysed in the context of Portuguese culture.
Reduction of Anxiety about Death: Need for Beliefs about Immortality
Authors: Conn Rebecca , Schrader Michael P. , Wann Daniel L. , Mruz Brent
Published: August 2011

It was hypothesized that individuals who are reminded of their own mortality will experience anxiety which is reduced by an increased need for belief in immortality. A questionnaire assessing the need for literal and two forms of symbolic immortality was developed. Analysis showed that awareness of mortality increased scores on the need for literal immortality but not on either form of symbolic immortality.
Perceived Family-of-Origin Health and Current Adjustment
Authors: O'Leary Julia A. , Searight H. Russell , Reuterman Nicholas A. , Russo J. Robert
Published: August 2011

Correlations of scores for 71 young adults on the Family-of-Origin Scale and Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist indicated that scores on current anxiety, hostility, and depression were inversely related to perceived health of family of origin.
Emphasis on Distributive, Procedural, and Interactional Justice: Differential Perceptions of Men and Women
Authors: Tata Jasmine , Bowes-Sperry Lynn
Published: August 2011

Differences in perceptions of justice may result from differential emphasis on distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Correlations were significant between sex of participants and the likelihood of using distributive and interactional justice in the context of decisions about pay raises; men were more likely than women to consider distributive justice, whereas women were more likely than men to consider interactional justice.
Expression of Anger by Samoan Adults
Authors: Steele Matthew S. , McGarvey Stephen T.
Published: August 2011

A modified version of Spielberger's 1988 Anger Expression Inventory including four Samoan culture-specific anger terms was administered to 593 adult American and Western Samoans, 25 to 55 years, to assess intrasample age, sex, and location differences and to examine its cross-cultural utility by an exploratory factor analysis. American Samoans men's and women's scores showed greater difficulty controlling anger than Western Samoan men and women, American Samoan males scored higher on Anger-Out and Samoan anger expression than Western Samoan men, and Western Samoan women scored higher on Anger-Out and higher on Samoan anger expression than Western Samoan men. Factor analysis showed that Spielberger's original factor structure was replicated in all subpopulations except American Samoan women. Control of anger, a Samoan cultural core value, appears to be more difficult in modern American Samoans of both sexes compared with the more traditional Western Samoans. Among American Samoan women, we speculate that role expansion may be responsible for their heterogeneous factor structure of anger expression.
Self-Esteem and Caregivers' Attitudes toward Elderly Persons
Authors: Merrill J. M. , Lorimor R. J. , Thornby J. I. , Woods A. , Vallbona C.
Published: August 2011

A scale identifying 141 medical students who responded positively to geriatric patients was based on Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale modified by adding a phrase about geriatric care. Personal and professional role traits that predicted a positive therapeutic attitude were high scores on social desirability or self-monitoring and low scores on thanatophobia and depression. Senior medical students who expressed the highest self-esteem toward caring for elderly people indicated family medicine as their first choice of residency.
Recruiters' and Applicants' Awareness of the other Party's Postinterview Evaluations
Authors: Powell Gary N.
Published: August 2011

This study examined applicants' and recruiters' awareness of the other party's evaluations after joint participation in 219 campus employment interviews. Although both parties showed some awareness of the other's postinterview evaluations, applicants left the interview with a greater awareness of recruiters' evaluations than vice versa. In particular, applicants were aware of recruiters' assessments of the likelihood of a job offer, whereas recruiters were unaware of applicants' assessments of the likelihood that they would accept such an offer.
National Levels of Individualism and Welfare Effort
Authors: Lester David , Yang Bijou
Published: August 2011

Scores on individualism in 18 industrialized nations were not associated with the national expenditure on welfare.
Word Frequency Affects Hypermnesia
Authors: Macie Katherine M. , Larsen Janet D.
Published: August 2011

Hypermnesia, the tendency of participants to recall more items from a list they have studied when they are asked to recall the list several times on a free-recall test, is enhanced by factors that lead to better performance on free-recall tests. This study tested the hypothesis that words which appear with high frequency in the English language would produce hypermnesia but that low frequency words would not. The activity the 57 participants were required to do between repeated recall tests was also manipulated but had no effect on the number of words recalled. High frequency words resulted in hypermnesia but low frequency words did not.
Meta-Analysis with Longitudinal Studies: Controlling for Analytical Bias
Authors: Connis Richard T. , Evans Ron L. , Hendricks Robert D.
Published: August 2011

A recent study published in an international medical Journal presented an opportunity to demonstrate the difficulties of interpreting meta-analysis results with longitudinal data. We conducted a new meta-analysis using identical data from the published study and showed contradictory results.
Self-Referencing versus the Keyword Method in Learning Vocabulary Words
Authors: Wieczynski Dina M. , Blick Kenneth A.
Published: August 2011

Immediate and delayed retention for self-referencing and the keyword method were compared. 54 students were randomly assigned to one of four groups, Immediate-Self-reference, Immediate-keyword, Delayed-Self-reference, and Delayed-Keyword. The self-referencing groups were asked to use each of 20 foreign words in a sentence with the word “I” or “me,” and the keyword groups were asked to make an interactive image between the foreign word and its keyword. Each word was shown once for 45 sec. When recall of the English meanings was tested 2 min. or 1 wk. later, for the keyword technique recall was higher at 2 min. but not at 1 wk.
Quality of Care and Cost-Containment in Managed Mental Health: Policy, Education, Research, Advocacy
Authors: Dana Richard H. , Conner Michael G. , Allen James
Published: August 2011

Managed mental health care cost-containment practices of risk-benefit analysis, provider usage, manipulation of supply and demand, gate keeping, medical necessity, and formulation have adversely affected quality of care. Improved mental health services are dependent upon redefining mental health problems and understanding inequities created by medicalization as means to limit access to services. This dilemma can be addressed by development of mental health policy, public education, and political advocacy. An immediate role for professional psychology is found in the creation of a research agenda that documents empirically supported interventions for specific mental health problems, mechanisms of effective and acceptable service-delivery, and identification of providers with demonstrated clinical skills, including cultural competencies.
A Preliminary Study on the Prevalence of Challenging Behaviours
Authors: Chung Man Cheung , Bickerton Wai-Ling , Cumella Stuart , Winchester Caroline
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of challenging behaviour among subjects with learning disabilities in an English health district. Subjects' disabilities included incontinence, lack of communication skills, and need of assistance with domestic activities, feeding, washing, and dressing. Some also had physical impairments. The most common behaviours were hyperactivity and irritability and the most common psychiatric disorders included severe anxiety, affective disorder, and adjustment disorder.
Sex, Childhood Pets and Young Adults' Self-Concept Scores
Authors: Poresky Robert H.
Published: August 2011

The Tennessee Self-concept Scale and Companion Animal Bonding Scale were administered to 394 university students to determine the influence of pets on adults' self-concept scores. No significant main effects of sex, type of companion animal, or human-animal bond were found. Significant interactions, but no main effects were found for those who listed only dogs or cats as their most important childhood pet. The interaction of childhood pet by sex indicated that boys with dogs and girls with cats had higher scores and girls with dogs and boys with cats had lower self-concept scores. These results support the hypothesis that children's relationships with companion animals are linked to their adult self-concept scores in a complex interactive manner rather than as direct simple effects.
Recently Married Couples' Length of Relationship Marital Communication, Relational Style, and Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Teichner Gordon , Farnden-Lyster Rosanne
Published: August 2011

The length of relationship was significantly correlated with self-reports of marital satisfaction and couples' relational styles. Communication and relational styles further differed by sex.
Correlations between Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised
Authors: Hodapp Albert F. , Hass Julie K.
Published: August 2011

The WISC-III and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (Form M) were given to 84 students ranging in age from 6 to 16 years ( M = 9.7 yr.; SD = 2.3 yr.). Correlations of .50 to .65 were found between the scores of the two tests with the exception of WISC-III Processing Speed and PPVT-R (.33). Differences between the means of the WISC-III scales and PPVT-R were not significant except for WISC-III Processing Speed and PPVT-R.