bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distress Level and Coping Mechanism among Tadeco Employees
Authors: Chico Amelie L. , Baratas Jamica A. , Cravajales Sherlyn D. , Pasaylo Leamae V.
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to determine the relationship between distress level and coping mechanism among TADECO Employees. The independent variable of the study is distress level. On the other hand, the dependent variable of the study is coping mechanism. The researcher used descriptive correlation method & utilized random sampling in determining the number of respondents. The statistical tools used were mean and Pearson-r. Distress level variable with the mean of 3.92 and coping mechanism variable with the mean of 3.87. The result of the computation using the r-value is 0.337, which is associated with the significant value of 0.000. Which is less than 0.05. It means that there is a significant relationship between two variables. In other words, coping mechanism of employees in TADECO is affected by Distress level during post pandemic with the different situation face people with strong internal locus of control it possesses conviction and resiliency and maintains physically strong & emotionally established.
Effect of Credit Risk Management on Loan Performance among Microfinance Institutions. A Case of Réseau Interdiocésain De Microfinance (RIM Ltd) Kibuye Branch.
Authors: Habamenshi Védaste , Gasana Dr. Sébastien
Published: September 2023

This research assessed the effect of credit risk management on loan performance among microfinance institutions using a case of RIM Ltd Kibuye Branch during past five years (2015- 2019). A sample of 97 respondents was calculated using Yamane formula and randomly selected from a total population of 4334 clients of RIM Ltd including 2777 men and 1557 women, and 9 staffs. Quantitative approach was applied using a questionnaire designed in form of five levels Likert scale and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23; Qualitative approach was applied through open questions, interview and participant observation. The main findings of the research are: (i) Client appraisal exercise high effect on loan performance of RIM Ltd (overall μ = 4.87; σ =0.325); (ii) Credit risk control exercise high effect on loan performance of RIM Ltd (overall μ = 4.74; σ = 0.381); (iii) Collection policy exercise high effect on loan performance of RIM Ltd (overall μ =5.00; σ =0.000); (iv) Terms of credit exercise high effect on loan performance of RIM Ltd (overall μ =4.65; σ =0.407). The main challenges to effective credit risk management outlined by the research include: Deviation of the projects where the loan is used for a project that it was not requested for; Fluctuation of business climate; Some clients do not want working in solidarity; Clients having loans in SACCOs and RIM Ltd at the same time; and Poor entrepreneurship skills. Overall μ = 5.00; σ =0.000). The research recommended: (i) establishing special penalties for client who deviate the project; (ii) requesting guarantee for agricultural loans; (iii) improving RIM policy imposing solidary groups for accessing the loan; (iv) provision of clearance for loan applicants; (v) developing a culture of customer care whereby planning trainings for members; but also using trainings on entrepreneurship as a marketing strategy.
Effect of straw mulching and irrigation on physiological activities, yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and soil physical properties under available soil moisture depletion conditions in Mollisols
Authors:   Department of Soil Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S.Nagar, Uttrakhand 263145, BHATT MANEESH
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to evaluate the effect of residue mulch and irrigation on the physiological response and yield of maize and soil physical properties at G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment was laid-out in split-plot design which includes three irrigation scheduling in main plots and four residue mulch practices in sub plots. Soil temperature at 15 cm enhanced by 0.6-9.8 0C under mulch and by 0.7-1.2 0C with irrigation at 20% DASM over other irrigation levels. Mulch significantly decreased bulk density by 1.43-3.59% while increased saturated hydraulic conductivity by 3.8-41.0% and mean weight diameter by 6.0-20.0%. Irrigation at less depletion of available soil moisture favoured soil physical properties. Mulch and increase in irrigation frequency tended to increase in relative water content and transpiration rate while decreased leaf diffusive resistance. No noticeable differences in leaf temperature were observed under mulch and irrigation. Green gram straw mulch and irrigation given at 20% DASM produced 2.6-14.2 % and 1.3-9.2% higher grain yield, respectively. Combined application of green gram straw mulch @ 5 t ha-1 along with irrigation at 20% DASM was found most beneficial for maintaining favourable soil environment and can be recommended for obtaining higher maize yield in Mollisols.
Yield, grain quality and soil microbial activity as influenced by phosphorus management in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under acidic Alfisols
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India, PRUSTY MEENAKHI
Published: September 2023

Field experiment was carried out during 2018 and 2019 in a rice-green gram cropping system to study the effect of phosphorus (P) management in kharif rice under acidic Alfisols of Odisha, India. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three replications. Four main plots viz., P1-100% of soil test dose (STD) for P as basal to rice, P2- 100% of STD for P to both the crops, P3-50 % of STD for P to rice and 100% of STD for P to green gram, P4 -100% of STD for P to both the crops applied to green gram were allotted to the main plots and three rice varieties viz., V1-Mandakini, V2-Lalat and V3- Pratikhya were considered in the sub plots. Application of 100% STD for P to both the crops (P2) resulted in the highest grain and straw yield (3981 and 4715 kg ha-1 , respectively). Rice variety Pratikshya maturing in 145 days produced the highest grain and straw yields of 3808 and 4399 kg ha-1 , respectively. The grain quality parameters of rice like protein content (6.75 %), amylose content (20.36 %) and alkali value (4.60) were found highest in P2 which was significantly different from other P management practices. Rice variety Pratikshya produced a better quality grain like protein (6.63 %), amylose (20.28 %) and alkali value (4.56). Significantly highest total chlorophyll content (4.61 mg g-1 fresh leaves) was also observed with P2 among the P management practices and a value of 4.46 mg g -1 fresh leaves chlorophyll content was recorded in rice variety Pratikhya. Microbial biomass carbon increased up to 30 days after transplanting (DAT) and decreased thereafter up to 45 DAT irrespective of phosphorus doses and rice varieties. The soil dehydrogenase activity was increased due to application of different doses of phosphorus and rice variety irrespective of growth stages. P uptake by rice was estimated highest with P2 (100% of STD for P to both the crops) and cv. Pratikhya responded better among the varieties.
Effect of organic manure and zero budget technique on soil fertility and productivity of sugarcane plant and ratoon crop
Authors:   Regional Research Station, CCS HAU, Karnal, Haryana 132001
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted on clay loam soils at Regional Research Station, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Karnal, Haryana for three year (2018-2021) to investigate the effect of different organic treatments such as farmyard manure (FYM), bio fertilizers (BF) and green manuring (GM) with Sesbania or trash mulching (TM) on sugarcane yield, quality and soil fertility status. Cane length, cane girth, number of millable canes and commercial soluble sugar percent increased with the application of FYM, BF and GM/TM as compared to zero budget technique. The treatment that received 30 t FYM ha-1 +BF+GM/TM+ integrated pest management (IPM) recorded 15.8 and 12.3 % increase in cane yield over zero budget technique in plant and ratoon crops, respectively. Both in plant and ratoon crop, higher available nitrogen (145.7 and 147.8 kg ha-1 ), phosphorus (18.57 and 18.43 kg ha-1 ) and potassium (406.8 and 412.8 kg ha-1 ) were recorded where 30 t FYM ha-1 was applied along with BF+GM/TM+IPM. The application of 30 t FYM ha - 1 +BF+GM/TM+ IPM was found at par with treatment 20 t FYM ha-1 +BF+GM+IPM for plant crop and 25 t FYM ha-1 +BF+TM + IPM for ratoon crop. The treatment 20 or 25 t FYM ha-1 + BF + GM/TM + IPM were at par with the RDF treatment. The cane yield and juice quality obtained as a result of application of 20t FYM ha-1 + BF+GM+IPM for sugarcane plant crop and 25t FYM ha-1 +BF+TM+IPM for sugarcane ratoon crop was comparable with that of RDF.
https://www.gkvsociety.com/control/uploads/77085010.pdf
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra, 413 722, ANNAPURNA M.V.V. I.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2016-18 on an Inceptisol of Rahuri, Maharashtra to study the effect of cogenerated bagasse ash on microbial population and enzyme activities in preseasonal sugarcane (Sachharum officinarum) var. CoM 0265. The results indicated that the treatments which received 150 % RDK through cogenerated bagasse ash recorded the higher total bacteria (44.11, 45.89 and 32.78 cfu x 106 g -1 soil), fungi (17.78, 18.89 and 15.89 cfu x 105 g -1 soil) and actinomycetes (18.33, 19.22 and 15.78 cfu x 105 g -1 soil) count at earthing up, grand growth and harvest stage of preseasonal sugarcane, respectively. On the other hand, the highest dehydrogenase (13.38, 14.03 and 7.92 µg TPFg-1 soil h-1 ), urease (49.35, 51.68 and 38.15 µg NH4-N g-1 soil h-1 ), acid phosphatase (17.92, 18.85 and 13.23 µg PNP g-1 soil h-1 ) and alkaline phosphatase (64.81, 65.94 and 39.07 µg PNP g-1 soil h-1 ) enzyme activity in soil were also recorded in T9 (150 % RDK through cogenerated bagasse ash) at earthing up, grand growth and harvest stage of preseasonal sugarcane, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that the microbial population and enzymatic activities of the soil were increased at initial stages and thereafter, progressively decreased with crop growth stages by the application of cogenerated bagasse ash. Application of 150 % RDK through CBA (6.62 t ha-1 ) along with recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorous (340 and 170 kg ha-1 ) through inorganic fertilizers and 20 t ha-1 FYM has improved the microbial population as well as enzymatic activities in sugarcane grown soil.
Black guava (Psidium guajava L.): Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization for pulp colour
Authors:   Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi,110012, India, SENAPATI RUTUPARNA
Published: September 2023

Guava is known as “Super fruit”; it is the third richest source of Vitamin C. In this study Black guava is characterized morphologically, biochemically and on molecular basis. Result revealed that Black guava had the maximum total anthocyan in content (9.663 mg/100g) compared to white and pink pulped counterparts. Pink pulped Hisar Surkha and Lalit genotypes contained both lycopene and anthocyanin while another pink pulped genotype, Punjab Pink, had only lycopene. Further, all the eight guava genotypes irrespective of their pulp colour had total carotenoids (0.203 mg/100g - 0.730 mg/100g). Based on our results, the Black guava had unique morphological features like leaf colour, shoot colour and fruit pulp colour. The pulp colour of Black guava is due to the presence of anthocyanins. In general, the pulp colour of guava is due to combinations of more than one pigment and the final colour depends on the relative proportion of those pigments and suggests that “pigments in proportions” explains the pulp colour in guava. Anthocyanin pathway study in Black guava revealed that the primers for DFR and CHS gene of anthocyanin pathway amplified in Punjab Pink and not in case of Black guava.
Combining ability studies for physiological and yield traits in maize (Zeamays L.) across three environments
Authors:   Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj-211007 Uttar Pradesh, SYNREM GIDEON J.
Published: September 2023

The present study was conducted to assess the general combining ability effects of parents and specific combining ability effects of crosses for yield and yield contributing traits in maize hybrid development. Combining ability studies were conducted in10 X 10 half diallel fashion at Prayagraj to determine GCA and SCA effects of parents and single crosses respectively. The economic heterosis (hc) revealed that the hybrids CM124 x LM-13, HKI-193-2 x CM 129, DMR-QPM-28 x CM- 124, HKI-193-2 x POP 445 and CML 41 x POP 445 showed positive significant results across the three environments E1, E2 and E3. The combining ability study indicated that the parents, HKI-193-2 (P10)LM 13(P6) and line CM 129 (P5) can be considered as good general combiners and genetically worthy parents, as they contributed favourable genes for grain yield. The parent CML- 41 (P9) was a good general combiner for the trait chlorophyll content in all three environments, while the parent LM 13 (P6) was a good source for favourable alleles for leaf area index since they had significant positive gca effects.The parents HKI-193-2 (P10)LM 13(P6)can be considered as good general combiners for protein content.The pooled analysis of variance over three environments revealed the mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for the characters studied. The hybrid CM- 124 x LM-13 showed good specific combining ability effects for grain yield,days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50 % silking, days to 50% maturity, 100 seed weight, chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content, leaf area index, leaf area ratio and protein content.The hybrid HKI-193-2 x CM 129 showed good specific combining ability effects for grain yield, days to 50% maturity, one hundred seed weight, leaf area index, leaf area ratio and starch content.
Genetic variability and correlation analysis in indigenous germplasm of okra (Ablemoschus esculentus L. Moench)
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, North-Eastern Hill University, Meghalaya- 794002, India, BARMAN ARINDAM
Published: September 2023

An experiment was undertaken to evaluate the genetic variability, coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient among indigenous okra accessions based on morphological parameters. Ten okra accessions collected from different parts of Garo Hills regions of Meghalaya were planted during 2019 at NEHU Tura campus, Meghalaya in random block design with three replications. The Analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among the accession for different characters evaluated. The phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was predominantly superior to their corresponding genotypic coefficient of variance resulting the role of environmental aspects. A high heritability in relation with high genetic advance as the percentage of mean value was observed for plant height. The Correlation studies between various quantitative characters exhibited significant association between parameters. Plant height, number of fruits per plant showed highly positive significant association with fruit yield per plant both at phenotypic and genotypic level. On the basis of mean performance for fruit yield and its component characters from the present investigation 5 superior okra germplasm lines namely T-4, T-6, T-7, T-8 and T-10 were selected as superior and most promising genotypes for the crop improvement programmed in okra.
Weed management practices in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in lower Gangetic plain Zone
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, A.N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh), PANDEY DEEPAK
Published: September 2023

The field experiment was conducted during rabi season in 2017-18 and 2018-19 at the Agronomy Research Farm, A.N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, (Ayodhya)to find out the effect of weed management practices on productivity and economics of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Fifteen treatments were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS recorded significantly lowest population and dry weight of weeds as compared to rest of the treatments during both the years. Among the herbicides combination, pendimethalin (PE) @ 1000 g ha-1 applied either with hand weeding at 40 DAS or paddy straw mulch @ 10 t ha-1 at 2-3 DAS recorded the lowest weed density and dry weight m-2 followed by metribuzin (PE) @ 175 g ha-1 either with hand weeding at 40 DAS or paddy straw mulch @ 10 t ha-1 at 2-3 DAS. Weedy check till maturity recorded significantly highest density and dry weight of weeds as compared to rest of the treatments during both the years. Pre-emergence spray of pendimethalin (PE) @ 1000 g ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS being at par with two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS but recorded highest values of all yield attributes and yields as compared to rest of the treatments. The increase in grain yield due to pendimethalin (PE) @ 1000 g ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS was recorded to the tune of 10.4% over pendimethalin (PE) @ 1000 g ha-1 + paddy straw mulch @ 10 t ha-1 at 2-3 DAS. The yield losses due to weedy check till maturity was recorded to the tune of 58.2%, 53.3% and 43.3% as compared to two hand weeding applied at 20 and 40 DAS, pendimethalin (PE) @ 1000 g ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS, and pendimethalin (PE) @ 1000 g ha-1 + paddy straw mulch @ 10 t ha-1 at 2-3 DAS, respectively. The highest net income (Rs. 57394 ha-1 ) and B:C ratio (1.5) was recorded with pendimethalin (PE) @ 1000 g ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS which was followed by two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS with net income of Rs. 55485 ha-1 and B:C ratio 1.49.
Screening of Some Long Duration Pigonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) Genotypes against Major Insect Pests in Varanasi
Authors:   Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., TYAGI SANIYA
Published: September 2023

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), an important grain-legume of semi arid tropics is severely attacked by many insect species, resulting in losses of quantity and nutritional quality. In the present study, fifteen long duration genotypes of pigeonpea were assessed against the attack of M. obtusa, C. gibbosa and H. armigera for two years (2017-2018 and 2018-19) in Varanasi. Resistance to pigeonpea genotypes was evaluated by measuring pod and grain damage per cent in accordance with their yields. Pest susceptibility rating revealed that none of the genotypes fell in resistant/highly-resistant categories. However, genotypes IVT705, IVT-706 and IVT-907 were found to least susceptible for all the three insect pests (except for IVT-907 for C. gibbosa) and also showed higher yields. In other words, yield losses were lower in genotypes which shown less pod/grain damage by insects. Pod damage of some other genotypes viz. IVT-208 (M. obtusa-31.3%, C. gibbosa-12.6%, H. armigera-4.8%), IVT-12-904 (M. obtusa-29.5%, C. gibbosa-12.8%, H. armigera-7.3%) also accounted for their lower levels of susceptibility to the insect pest complex.
Effect of GreenSeeker based nitrogen management and its interaction with water on growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) under conservation agriculture
Authors:   Division of AgronomyICAR: Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, KUMAR SANDEEP
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 at research farm of ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, to study the effect of GreenSeeker(GS) based nitrogen management and its interaction with water on growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) var. PMH-1 under conservation agriculture. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design withtwo crop establishment techniques (CET) viz. conservation agriculture (CA) and conventional tillage (CT) in main plots three irrigation regime (IR) in sub-plotsirrigation at critical growth stages, irrigation at 25% depletion of available soil moisture (DASM) and irrigation at 50% DASM, and four levels of nitrogen (N) in sub-sub plots; no-N applied, 33% N as basal, 33% N at knee high stage and 34% N at silking stage, 50% basal + rest N as guided by Green Seeker (GS) and 75% as basal + rest N as guided by GS. The results showed that GS based N application outperformed over farmers fertilizer practices in terms of growth and productivity, and its interactionalso significantly differed with irrigation scheduling. The maximum value of grain yield (6.9 tha-1 ), plant height at tasseling (173 cm) and harvest (235 cm), leaf area index at knee high stage (2.11) and silking (4.10), crop growth rate (8.4 and 9.2 gm-2 day-1 ) at 0-30 and 30-60 days after sowing, respectively and NDVI (0.748), were recorded under75% as basal + rest N as guided by GS, over other practices and interaction effect with irrigation at 25% depletion of available soil moisture.
Effect of herbal kunapajala, traditional liquid manure, on germination and seedling vigour of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: HALDER R
Published: September 2023

Department of Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
Uptake kinetics of micronutrients in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) with N input
Authors:   1 Bhagwant University, Sikar Road-305 004, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, SHARMA N
Published: September 2023

Study of nutrients uptake kinetics in crop plants is very important to determine the need of nutrients during crop growing period at a specific time, which relies upon a wide variety of factors, like plant species and their varieties, environmental conditions, soil properties, nutrients supply and soil microorganism etc. Therefore, to study the uptake kinetics of micronutrients, field experiments were carried out on sandy loam soil of Typic Haplustepts with six N levels i.e. 0, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha-1 and compared with absolute control. Uptake of micronutrients and their uptake rate was calculated at 11-60, 61-90, 91-120 and 121-180 day interval. Result revealed that the uptake of iron, zinc, manganese and copper increased with increased levels of applied nitrogen and advancing age of crop plants. It was highest at 120 kg N ha-1 during 121-180 days after sowing (DAS). Uptake of Fe and Mn was exponential while Cu was linear up to 180 days, whereas Zn made plateau beyond 120 DAS of the crop. Uptake rate of Fe and Cu showed linear pattern with increasing levels of N (upto 120 N kg ha-1 ) at all the four stages of the crop. However, uptake rate of Mn and Zn was different with rates of N application and was nearer to the linear trend up to 91-120 DAS. Fe uptake rate was remarkably higher during 121-180 DAS over the 91-120 DAS with all the levels of applied N. Uptake rate of Mn drastically reduced during 121-180 DAS than 91-120 DAS with all the levels of N. Hence, it can be concluded that application of N have positive response for uptake and uptake rate of micronutrients in fennel irrespective of growth stages, while uptake rate of Mn and Zn varied with stageswhereas the uptake rate of Fe and Cu continued, or even increased after plant senescence appeared, reflects that Zn and Mn are more responsible for growth of areal parts of fennel and Fe and Cu for root growth. Hence later stage application of Zn and Mn may be discouraged, while Cu and Fe application may continue for higher yield, nutrients use efficiency andratooning. Whereas, Mn and Zn uptake rate reduced with senescence of crop. This is because of fennel is an ‘Herbaceous perennial bushy’ plant and root remains active even beyond the senescence of aerial part of crop.
Effect of pasteurization methods on physicochemical constituents and optimization of blends for anthocyanin rich guava nectar
Authors:   Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi-110012, KUMAR SINGH AJIT
Published: September 2023

juice from guava and grapes and a process for development of anthocyanin rich guava nectar. The pulp of guava variety Allahabad Safeda and juice of coloured grape variety, Pusa Navrang was extracted and used in different proportions for optimization of blends of extracted pulp/ juice from both the fruits for preparation of anthocyanin rich guava nectar without deterioration of guava flavor. Among the different pasteurization methods in respect of irradiation, microwave with 600 W microwave power level, followed by pasteurization at 700C as thermal treatment, found to be the best methods for maximum recovery of the extracted pulp/ juice and nutritional quality over other methods. After pasteurization, the recovery of pulp 62.3%, TSS 14.42o B and ascorbic acid 193.0 mg/100ml was recorded in guava and whereas the juice recovery 68.7 %, TSS (20.53o B), ascorbic acid (6.76 mg/100ml) and anthocyanin content (38.38 mg/100ml) was recorded in coloured grapes, when the fruits were treated with 600 W microwave power level. However, in case of thermal pasteurization at 70oC the recovery of pulp 55.8%, TSS 12.4o B and ascorbic acid 149.33 mg/100ml was recorded in guava and juice recovery 63.0%, TSS (16.47O B), ascorbic acid (6.26mg/100ml) and anthocyanin content (33.48 mg/100ml) was recorded in coloured grapes. With regards to optimization of different blend proportions, for development of anthocyanin guava nectar, a blend of 50:50 of guava pulp and coloured grapes juice was found to be best proportion in preserving the colour, flavour, taste and overall quality of developed anthocyanin guava nectar with having guava dominant flavour.
Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality characters of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, JSA college of Agriculture and Technology Thittakudi, Tamil Nadu, India, ANBARASI D
Published: September 2023

The experiment to assess the effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield parameters of chilli was conducted during the year 2020 at the farmer’s field, Venanallur, Ariyalur district. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. Among all the treatments, the higher dose 60 ppm NAA resulted in increasing maximum plant height (67.82 cm), number of leaves (185.10), number of branches (25.42) and it also increased the, yield attributing characters such as fruit length (12.44 cm), fruit girth (1.15 cm), number of fruits per plant (140.77), number of seeds per plant (49.24), seed weight per fruits (0.81 g), chlorophyll content (2.56 mg/ 100g), capsicum content (0.18%), ascorbic acid content (121.54 mg/ 100g) and fruit yield per hectare (13.34 t) followed by 40 ppm NAA. There was an increase of 35 per cent in fruit yield with application of NAA 60 ppm respectively as compared to control. The minimum values of these characters were recorded under control.
Microbes Knocking Louder Roles for Next Green Revolution: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Regional Agricultural Research Station- Titabar, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India, BORA POPY
Published: September 2023

Feeding the ever-growing population has always been a daunting challenge to researchers, however on the contrary, itopened the floodgate of innovative technologies, especially of late, with the introduction of metagenomics unfolding those genetic traits of microbes, which otherwise remained unexplored for a very long time.Learning negative consequences of previous green revolution in terms of various chronic environmental issues, phyto-microbiome analysis(microbiome bioprospecting)leading to identification of many plant growth promoting microbes, disease suppressive antagonists including entomopathogenic microbes and agrochemicals residues cleansing microbes,preferably in a bioformulation mode have evoked a very strong claim to be stitched into modern day agriculture, claimed close to chemical residue free organic as well as natural agriculture, a pre-requisite to stake claim for next green revolution. Such microbial interventions are likely to ensure three major paradigm shifts in agriculture viz., i. over-use of pesticides to residue free precision farming, ii. traditional to intelligent farming and iii.input-intensive (high cost of production) to climate- smart solutions, all collectively look forward towardsmore sustainable development of agriculture. All these issues have been systematically analysed through bibliometric evidences and envisioned the future course of action to realise yet another green revolution through microbial interventions.
Effect of salicylic acid on growth, physiological traits, yield and water productivity of summer mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under different irrigation regimes
Authors:   Department of Botany and Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana-141 004 Punjab
Published: September 2023

To evaluate the efficacy of salicylic acid in improving water productivity under different irrigation regimes, a field experiment was carried out in 2019-20 and 2020-21 in a split plot design with three irrigation regimes i.e., irrigation water (IW) to cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) ratios of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 in main plots and foliar spray of salicylic acid (SA) at four concentrations i.e., 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM in sub plots. Frequency of irrigation significantly affected the morphological and physiological traits. However, foliar application of salicylic acid alleviated the effect of less frequent irrigation on plant height (4.6-10.3%), biomass (10.4%) and leaf area (1.0%). SA application improved the water status of plants with 9.2% higher relative water content as compared to control. Root mass density was higher in I0.3 regime in the lower depths of soil profile as compared to I0.6 and I0.9, which further increased with salicylic acid application. The content of osmolytes was highest in I0.3 which increased up to 34-36% with salicylic acid. Highest seed yield was recorded under I0.6 regime and 1.5 mM SA but it was statistically at par with 1.0 mM SA. Water productivity was highest in the least irrigated regime (3.55 kg ha-1 mm-1 ) and 1.0 mM SA (3.25 kg ha-1 mm). Foliar application of 1.0 mM SA can be considered as the effective for improving seed yield under all irrigation regimes with more pronounced effect in less frequent irrigation regime
Synergistic Effect of Boerhaavia diffusa and Asparagus racemosus against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus terreus
Authors:   Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University), Dayalbagh, Agra (U.P.)-282005, SINGH SHUBHANGI
Published: September 2023

The following study was carried out at D.E.I, Dayalbagh to study the synergistic effect of medicinal plants Boerhaavia diffusa and Asparagus racemosus against Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A.terreus and Fusarium moniliforme. These plants were selected to evaluate the possibility of new fungicides. But there were results where these plants couldn’t be seen effective against plant pathogenic fungi. These plants were also tested in synergism to see the possibility of finding such a combination which can prove effective against fungi. Therefore, in the present study individual and synergistic effects of plant extract were determined against different plant pathogenic fungi. According to the observation of the present work combined stem extract of both the plant shows positive synergism by exhibiting highest inhibitory effect in comparison to the individual extracts. Combination of methanolic stem extract of A. racemosus and B. diffusa showed positive synergism against Aspergillus fumigatus.
Effect of treatments, packaging and storage on nutritional quality of dehydrated Spine Gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.)
Authors:   Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute Delhi – 110012, SAGAR VR
Published: September 2023

Spine gourd (Momordica dioica.) is very nutritive vegetable available in market for very short period. The selected spine gourd fruits were cut manually with stainless steel knife and 0.5 cm thick slices were prepared. Slices were allowed for pre treatments and blanching was carried out in boiling water for 3 min. The spine gourd slices were dried by vacuum and cabinet drier up to a moisture content of 6%. Among the pre treatment KMS (0.2%) solution for 20 min. and dried in vacuum driver showed batter retention of chlorophyll content (26.75 mg/100g) ascorbic acid (56.55 mg/100g) total phenol (19.28mg/100g) antioxidant (61.05 µmole TE/ gm) and higher rehydration ratio with less moisture content. Among the packaging material of 200g ALPE, HDPE and LDPE, sample packed in 200g ALPE pouches followed by stored at low temperature (7±1) was found best for six month of storage, As it retain higher ascorbic acid, total phenol, total antioxidant and total chlorophyll content, rehydration radio and less moisture during storage.
Morpho-physiological and productivity characteristics of two leader cultivars of Karonda trees (Carissa carandas L.)
Authors:   Rainfed Research Sub-station for Sub-tropical fruits, Raya, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu-181 143, India, KUMAR VIJAY
Published: September 2023

The present investigation was carried out to study the morpho-physiological and productivity characteristics of two genotypes of Karonda (Carissa carandasL) trees grown under rainfed condition of Jammu.The two leading cultivars of karonda viz. green and pink were used in study at Rainfed Research Substation for Sub-tropical fruits, Rayaduring 2020-21. The leaf morphological characteristics were maximum in green cultivar of karonda i.e. leaf length,leaf breadth, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight. The green cultivar of karonda had maximum leaf total water content (34.11 %), relative water content (39.25 %) and total chlorophyll (43.68) as compared to pink. The leaf scherophylly was higher in green cultivars of karonda viz. leaf area (30.30 cm2 ), specific leaf area (197.6 cm2 /g) and density of foliar tissue (37.0 g kg-1 ) than pink. The fruit yield (8.11 kg/plant), fruit weight (4.42 g) and fruit acidity (2.25 %) was maximum in green cultivar of karonda where as TSS (13.650 Brix) was maximum in pink cultivar.Thus, green cultivar of Karonda performed better in morphophysiological and fruit productivitycharacterizations than pink.
Spatial variability of soil properties of intensively cultivated rice soils of selected command areas of Karnataka
Authors:   Plant nutrition Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, ANJUM MOHSINA
Published: September 2023

The spatial distribution of soil properties and plant available Si was studied in three important rice producing command areas of Karnataka by collecting random georeferenced surface (0-15cm) soil samples using GPS and GIS techniques. The soil samples were analysed for different soil properties and plant available Si and the data along with GPS reading were used for the preparation of soil thematic maps using interpolation method and the interpolated maps were analysed with geostatistical parameters and the corresponding kriging maps for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and plant available Si (CCSi and AASi) were prepared. These soil samples were categorized as low, medium and high as per criteria followed by soil testing laboratories. The content of soil pH, EC, OC, CEC, sand, silt and clay in surface soils varied from 5.2- 8.7, 0.05-0.49 dS m-1 , 2.2-17.5 g kg-1 , 3.6- 26.5 c mol (p+ ) kg-1 , 20.4-85.6, 0.9-59.7 and 1.9-47.8%, 15.7-65.4 mg g-1 and 19.2-106.7 mg g-1 , respectively. The available nitrogen (89.6- 313.6 kg ha-1 ) was low whereas, phosphorus (10.4-206.9 P2O5 kg ha-1 ) and available K2O (68.9-516.9 K2O kg ha-1 ) were low to medium in range. The CCSi and AASi content ranged from 15.7-65.4 mg g-1 and 20.0-106.7 mg g-1 , respectively
Effect of maleic hydrazide and pinching on growth and flowering behaviour of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, Raja Balwant Singh College Bichpuri, Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra283105, Uttar Pradesh, India, KUMAR SHARMA RAJAT
Published: September 2023

An experiment was carried out at Experimental Research Farm, R.B.S College Bichpuri, Agra (U.P.) during rabi season of 2016-18 to study the effect of pinching and Maleic Hydrazide on growth and flowering behavior of African marigold (Tagetes erectaL.). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications comprising of four different concentrations of Maleic Hydrazide (0, 250,500 and 750 ppm) and three pinching levels viz., no pinching, pinching at 20 and 40 (DAT). The results revealed that the application of 750 ppmMH recorded significantly maximum value of diameter of main stem (2.0 cm), plant spread N-S and E-W (44.7cm and 47.5cm), primary branches/plant (11.1), length of flower (7.0 cm), diameter of flowers(7.3 cm),flower/plant (79.5), and flower yield (170.9 qha-1 ), weight of flower/ plant (273.6 g), and dry matter content of plant (39.6g). The maximum plant height (72.4cm) and minimum days required for bud initiation (46.0days) were noticed under the control.Among the pinching treatments, pinching at 40 DAT recorded significantly maximum diameter of main stem (2.2 cm), plant spread N-S and E-W (47.0cm and 48.2cm), primary branches/plant (10.9), length of longest primary branches (38.6 cm), length of flower (7.6 cm), diameter of flowers(7.9cm),flower/plant (83.2), and flower yield (185.8qha-1 ), weight of flower/ plant (275.4g)and dry matter weight of plant (38.2g). Themaximum plant height (69.5cm) and minimum days taken to first flower bud initiation (47.4days)were recorded under no pinching. The interaction (P2xM3)recorded maximumnumber of primary branches (11.2), number of flowers per plant (86.3), size of flower (8.0cm) and yield of flowers (195.48qha-1 ) while minimumvalue were recorded under P0M0 treatment.
Effect of organic manures on growth, yield and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) in agroclimatic condition of Satna region
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, A.K.S. University, Satna - 485 001 (M.P.), MOHAMMAD NAJIL
Published: September 2023

The field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2021-22 at the Research Farm, A.K.S. University, Satna (M.P.) The soil of the experimental field was silty clayloam having pH 7.91, electrical conductivity 0.18 dS/m, organic carbon 0.47%, available N, P2O5 and K2O 174.62, 12.14 and 200 kg/ha, respectively. The total rainfall received during crop season 2021-22 was 12.01 mm. The treatments comprised three levels of poultry manure (2, 5 and 7 t/ha) and four levels of vermicompost (2, 5, 7 and 10 t/ha). Thus 12 treatment combinations (T1 - Poultry manure 2 t/ha + vermicompost 2 t/ha,T2 - Poultry manure 2 t/ha + vermicompost 5 t/ha, T3 - Poultry manure 2 t/ha + vermicompost 7 t/ha,T4 - Poultry manure 2 t/ha + vermicompost 10 t/ha, T5 - Poultry manure 5 t/ha + vermicompost 2 t/ha, T6 – Poultry manure 5 t/ha + vermicompost 5 t/ha, T7 - Poultry manure 5 t/ha + vermicompost 7 t/ha,T8 - Poultry manure 5 t/ha + vermicompost 10 t/ha,T9 - Poultry manure 7 t/ha + vermicompost 2 t/ha, T10 - Poultry manure 7 t/ha + vermicompost 5 t/ha,T11 - Poultry manure 7 t/ha + vermicompost 7 t/ha and T12 - Poultry manure 7 t/ha + vermicompost 10 t/ha) were laid out in a randomized block design keeping three replications. Onion variety Agrifound Light Red was transplanted on 29 October 2021 following the cultural practices as per treatments. The crop was grown as per recommended package of practices. The crop was harvested on 16 April 2022. The periodical field and laboratory observations were recorded and presented after statistical computation. The TSS in mature bulbs was determined by hand refract meter.
ANALISAR O PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM DE LEITURA DO PRIMEIRO ANO DA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL ALMERINDA DE ALBUQUERQUE
Authors: Alves Santiago Ana Célia
Published: September 2023

O principal propósito deste artigo foi analisar o processo de aprendizagem de leitura do primeiro ano da Escola Municipal Almerinda de Albuquerque localizada na cidade de Fortaleza-CE Brasil, com as ações desenvolvidas pela Secretaria de Educação do Município. Estas mudanças ocorreram a partir da implantação do Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará, em 1992, pela Secretaria Estadual, objetivando fornecer subsídios para formulação, reformulação e monitoramento das políticas públicas educacionais, com o intuito de contribuir para a melhoria na qualidade do ensino e equânime para todos os alunos da rede pública do Estado do Ceará. O presente trabalho ainda identificou a literatura e as leis temáticas que concernem os conceitos do ler, assim como as práticas pedagógicas, abordando sobre o processo temático em questão nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental nas Escolas Municipais de Fortaleza de 2014 a 2018.
RELIGIÃO E MILITARISMO: UMA ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA DA PRESENÇA DO CRISTIANISMO NAS FILEIRAS DA POLÍCIA MILITAR DO PARANÁ
Authors: Luis do Nascimento Santos André
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo aborda a intrínseca relação entre a Polícia Militar do Paraná e o cristianismo, apresentando de forma histórica a participação deste segmento religioso, inicialmente nas forças amardas, em especial o Exército Brasileiro. Destaca-se que a presença do cristianismo neste breve apontamento histórico nas forças armadas e nas instituições de segurança pública, foi significativo para influenciar os valores e as tradições. A Polícia Militar do Paraná é comprovativa no contexto dessa relação. Desde sua criação, a instituição tem elementos incorporados religiosos cristãos em sua identidade, entre eles a capelania que se desenvolve como uma prática enraizada na história da Polícia Militar, proporcionando orientação religiosa e apoio espiritual aos policiais e suas famílias. A Capela Nossa Senhora Aparecida, construída em Curitiba-PR, é reflexo dessa harmonia, sendo um espaço de culto e comunhão para os membros da corporação. Logo, o cristianismo e o militarismo têm uma ligação profunda com a Polícia Militar do Paraná, influenciando sua cultura e práticas religiosas.
A blockchain based private framework for facilitating digital forensics using IoT
Authors: Suri Bhawna , Taneja Shweta , Sharma Siddharth , Verma Vishwajeet , Parashar Divyanshi , Sikka Parth , Arora Monika , Ahmad Sayed Sayeed
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Images play an essential role as evidence in any forensic analysis of a police investigation. They are a crucial part of the analysis and store important and nuanced information required to guide the analysis in the right direction and then finally lead the investigation to a just conclusion. However, these images are often subject to tampering. Malicious elements of society external or internal entities involved in conducting the investigation, try to tamper with, mend, and destroy pieces of evidence. This change can mislead the direction of the evidence and can benefit the accused. Research Problem: Through the scope of this paper, we will try to tackle this problem and find a solution for it. Methods: The approach proposed to tackle this problem is to implement a blockchain-based, distributed virtual private network (VPN) system. The network consists of devices spread across the internet, connected via a VPN. Only authorized devices are a part of the network and each device has a particular role and key. The image is captured from the IoT device at the crime scene, it is then encrypted using a Mixed Alphabet Cipher substitution algorithm that converts the RGB values to a string at the camera node and then transferred to the main server. It is further decrypted and again encrypted using the key of the main server. Upon encryption, the string is converted to a hash key which is then added to the blockchain. Results: The performance of the proposed network is tested on two different parameters- operating system and image size. It was found that the encryption time of images varies linearly with image size, operating system and image size. The different operating systems are Ubuntu and two variants of MAC OS. The images being tested vary from 200x200 px to 3840x2160px. The encryption and decryption time of different images is recorded, and it was found that the encryption time of images varies linearly with image size. Conclusion: The proposed solution was successfully developed and tested on different sets of images and operating systems. As our solution uses an in-house developed blockchain network, it has a better working cost than using an Ethereum-based blockchain.
Image retrieval evaluation on smart phone using variant of histogram of gradient
Authors: Damahe Lalit B. , Thakur Nileshsingh V. , Jain Sachin R. , Kamble Shailesh D.
Published: September 2023

The retrieval of similar type of data is performed by requesting the query, generally through personal computer. As the smart mobile devices are available at the general user, retrieval of visually similar data is now performed on these devices such as smart phones, PDA etc. A wireless medium is the key component of mobile devices and visually similar image retrieval with minimum latency is the typical issue.Hence the main objective of our proposed work is to develop the efficient mechanism for image retrieval on mobile devices. The image representation scheme V-HOG captures the useful information from the image with the help of gradient vector and the gradients are calculated by using various block size. The size of block, cell and bins are the main components which are varied and developed the V-HOG with feature values 1296, 1176, 672. The experimentation are conceded on the standard Holidays Dataset. The proposed V-HOG approach having a feature value 1296, 1176 and 672 perform better with existing HOG. In comparison with HOG, the precision and recall rate for V-HOG is improved by 27% to 90% and 7% to 32% respectively. The retrieval time is also reduced to 3% to 9%. The proposed V-HOG with 1176 feature perform well and having a good precision and recall rate.
A novel intrusion detection system in cloud infrastructure using deep learning technique
Authors: Talapula Dharani Kumar , Kumar Adarsh , Ravulakollu Kiran Kumar , Kumar Manoj
Published: September 2023

One of the business strategies for selling computer resources with services and technology for better use of computing infrastructures is Cloud computing (CC). Nowadays, every IT company prefers cloud computing because it provides consumers with flexible, pay-per-use services. Due to its open and distributed structure, which is susceptible to attackers, thereby, privacy and security is a key obstacle to its sustainability. The most prevalent approach for detecting assaults on the cloud is known to be Intrusion Detection System (IDS). This article aims to propose a novel intrusion pattern detection system (IPDS) in cloud computing that includes three stages: (1) pre-processing, (2) feature extraction, and (3) classification. At first, pre-processing is performed on the input data via Z-score normalization and then feature extraction is performed along with statistical and higher-order statistical features. Subsequently, the extracted features are given to the classification phases that use the Optimized Quantum Neural Network (QNN) classifier. The hidden neuron optimization is performed by Cubic Chaotic Map integrated Cat and Mouse Based Optimization (CC-CMBO) Algorithm to make the classification more exact. Finally, the results of the proposed work are assessed to those of standard systems with respect to various measures.