bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospectives: Cost-Push and Demand-Pull Inflation: Milton Friedman and the “Cruel Dilemma”
Authors: Schwarzer Johannes A.
Published: January 2018

This paper addresses two conflicting views in the 1950s and 1960s about the inflation-unemployment tradeoff as given by the Phillips curve. Many economists at this time emphasized the issue of a seemingly unavoidable inflationary pressure at or even below full employment. In contrast, Milton Friedman was convinced that full employment and price stability are not conflicting policy objectives. This dividing line between the two camps ultimately rested on fundamentally different views about the inflationary process: For economists of the 1950s and 1960s cost-push forces are responsible for the apparent conflict between price stability and full employment. On the other hand, Friedman, who regarded inflation to be an exclusively monetary phenomenon, rejected the notion of ongoing inflationary cost-push pressures at full employment. Besides his emphasis on the full adjustment of inflation expectations, this rejection of cost-push theories of inflation, which implied a decoupling of the two previously perceived incompatible policy objectives, was the other important element in Friedman's attack on the Phillips curve tradeoff in his 1967 presidential address to the American Economic Association.
The Economic Implications of Housing Supply
Authors: Glaeser Edward , Gyourko Joseph
Published: January 2018

In this essay, we review the basic economics of housing supply and the functioning of US housing markets to better understand the distribution of home prices, household wealth, and the spatial distribution of people across markets. We employ a cost-based approach to gauge whether a housing market is delivering appropriately priced units. Specifically, we investigate whether market prices (roughly) equal the costs of producing the housing unit. If so, the market is well-functioning in the sense that it efficiently delivers housing units at their production cost. The gap between price and production cost can be understood as a regulatory tax. The available evidence suggests, but does not definitively prove, that the implicit tax on development created by housing regulations is higher in many areas than any reasonable negative externalities associated with new construction. We discuss two main effects of developments in housing prices: on patterns of household wealth and on the incentives for relocation to high-wage, high-productivity areas. Finally, we turn to policy implications.
Homeownership and the American Dream
Authors: Goodman Laurie S. , Mayer Christopher
Published: January 2018

For decades, it was taken as a given that an increased homeownership rate was a desirable goal. But after the financial crises and Great Recession, in which roughly eight million homes were foreclosed on and about $7 trillion in home equity was erased, economists and policymakers are re-evaluating the role of homeownership in the American Dream. Many question whether the American Dream should really include homeownership or instead focus more on other aspects of upward mobility, and most acknowledge that homeownership is not for everyone. We take a detailed look at US homeownership from three different perspectives: 1) an international perspective, comparing US homeownership rates with those of other nations; 2) a demographic perspective, examining the correlation between changes in the US homeownership rate between 1985 and 2015 and factors like age, race/ethnicity, education, family status, and income; 3) and, a financial benefits perspective, using national data since 2002 to calculate the internal rate of return to homeownership compared to alternative investments. Our overall conclusion: homeownership is a valuable institution. While two decades of policies in the 1990s and early 2000s may have put too much faith in the benefits of homeownership, the pendulum seems to have swung too far the other way, and many now may have too little faith in homeownership as part of the American Dream.
Image once, print thrice? Three-dimensional printing of replacement parts
Authors: Rankin Timothy M , Wormer Blair A , Miller John D , Giovinco Nicholas A , Al Kassis Salam , Armstrong David G
Published: January 2018

Objective:

The last 20 years has seen an exponential increase in 3D printing as it pertains to the medical industry and more specifically surgery. Previous reviews in this domain have chosen to focus on applications within a specific field. To our knowledge, none have evaluated the broad applications of patient-specific or digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) derived applications of this technology.

Methods:

We searched PUBMED and CINAHL from April 2012 to April 2017.

Results:

261 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Proportions of articles reviewed: DICOM (5%), CT (38%), MRI (20%), Ultrasonography (28%), and Bio-printing (9%).

Conclusion:

There is level IV evidence to support the use of 3D printing for education, pre-operative planning, simulation and implantation. In order to make this technology widely applicable, it will require automation of DICOM to standard tessellation language to implant.

Advances in knowledge:

Recent lapses in intellectual property and greater familiarity with rapid prototyping in medicine has set the stage for the next generation of custom implants, simulators and autografts. Radiologists may be able to help establish reimbursable procedural terminology.
A responsabilidade dos empresários
Authors: Wilner Adriana , Santos Aline Lilian dos
Published: January 2018

Você consegue chegar em casa depois do trabalho e contar para a sua família tudo o que fez durante o dia? Esse é o termômetro de responsabilidade social que Oded Grajew indica a seus colegas. Ex-empresário e fundador de ONGs como Fundação Abrinq [Associação Brasileira dos Fabricantes de Brinquedos] pelos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, Fórum Social Mundial, Instituto Ethos, Rede Nossa São Paulo e Programa Cidades Sustentáveis, Grajew tem sido ativista em diversas causas, entre elas, o combate à corrupção nas empresas.Nascido na Palestina, em 1944, quatro anos antes da fundação do Estado de Israel, Grajew veio para o Brasil aos 12 anos, após rápida passagem da família por Paris, na França. O pai, que representava empresas de relógios, morreu três anos depois e os planos da família de se mudar para Madri, na Espanha, tiveram que ser cancelados. Para continuar estudando, Grajew foi vendedor de livros porta a porta, de cotas de empreendimentos, entre outros. Assim, conseguiu cursar Engenharia Elétrica na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (Poli-USP).Depois de trabalhar em organizações e bancos, fundou com colegas da faculdade a empresa de brinquedos Grow – formada pelas iniciais dos nomes dos sócios Geraldo, Roberto, Oded e Waldir. Foi convidado para assumir o Sindicato das Empresas de Brinquedos e Instrumentos Musicais do Estado de São Paulo e, a partir de então, envolveu-se em diversas iniciativas associativas.Em entrevista exclusiva à GV-executivo, Grajew fala dos desafios para combater a corrupção, das dificuldades para aprovar normas e leis de responsabilidade social e aponta perspectivas de renovação após os recentes escândalos envolvendo empresas e políticos.
O mercado de clínicas não é mais o mesmo
Authors: Rezende Wilson
Published: January 2018

Para sobreviver à concentração, aos novos modelos e às mudanças no atendimento dos planos de saúde e hospitais, só resta uma saída aos pequenos e médios consultórios: melhorar a gestão.
Foco na saúde, não na doença
Authors: Ogata Alberto José , Malik Ana Maria
Published: January 2018

Para enfrentar as enfermidades crônicas, o melhor modelo é o que junta esforços públicos e privados para mudar o comportamento da população em direção a uma vida mais saudável.
Ouro de tolo
Authors: Monzoni Mario , Jerozolimski Mauricio
Published: January 2018

Estava dando certo. Atrelar o conceito de crescimento econômico ao de desenvolvimento parecia uma sacada genial. Só que não.
Da empresa cowboy à astronauta
Authors: Belinky Aron
Published: January 2018

Em breve, prosperarão empresas radicalmente diferentes das que dominaram a cena anteriormente. A capacidade de compreender e se posicionar no novo cenáriopode ser a diferença entre prosperar e sobreviver (ou nem isso).
Propósito: um conceito para preencher vazios
Authors: Barki Edgard
Published: January 2018

Os negócios de impacto têm o potencial de preencher os vazios sistêmicos e utilizar os mecanismos de mercado para criar uma sociedade mais justa, menos desigual e com mais propósito.
Entre o saber e o fazer
Authors: Scarcelli Marcelo
Published: January 2018

Ninguém tem dúvida dos benefícios de um processo de planejamento integrado para a gestão de operações, mas conflitos de interesse impedem que empresas sejam bem-sucedidas em sua implementação.
Falta experiência para exportar
Authors: Pignanelli Alexandre , Santos Juliana Bonomi , Morais Dafne Oliveira Carlos de
Published: January 2018

Políticas nacionais de apoio às exportações têm focado nas micro e pequenas empresas. No entanto, mais do que tamanho, é o pouco know-how que impede as empresas (de todos os portes) de vender para outros países.
Adeus aos seis professores fundadores
Authors: Machline Claude
Published: January 2018

Os seis professores fundadores nos deixaram, mas seu legado persistirá.
Prepare-se para o futuro do trabalho
Authors: Esteves Sofia
Published: January 2018

Se o futuro do trabalho mostra que nossos conhecimentos e habilidades já estarão obsoletosem cerca de cinco anos, como vamos nos aprontar para atuar nesse novo cenário?
Clostrìdìum botulinum - A cause of fish mortality
Authors: FOTIS (Γ. ΦΩΤΗΣ) G. , KIRKOUDIS (Ι. ΚΥΡΚΟΥΔΗΣ) I.
Published: January 2018

Clostridium botulinum type E proliferates in dead aquatic animals and sediments and it is distributed by water currents and infected fish. Botulism is a disease with great significance for both aquacultured fish and humans. The existing data about the subject are very few, and the aim of the present paper is to warn fish farmers and pathologists about the possibility of outbreaks in Greece.
Diarrhoea in neonatal small ruminants: Updated review and proposed measures for its control in Greece.
Authors: KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ) S. K. , KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ) H. , ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) C. , KYRIAKIS (Σ.Κ. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ) S. C.
Published: January 2018

Diarrhoea in neonatal small ruminants appears to be responsible for substantial financial losses in sheep and goat enterprises worldwide, including Greece. Enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens type B, rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp, and Eimeria spp. are the main causes of scour problems in neonatal lambs and kids up to the age of 3-4 weeks. In this study, a review of the causative agents, their pathogenesis, and clinical and autopsy findings possibly helpful for diagnosis is attempted. Moreover, appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures for effective control of diarhoea, and measures for controlling the speading of the causative agents among sheep and goat farms, are suggested.
Epizootiologic survey of selenium and vitamin E concentrations in cattle to be slaughtered in Thessaloniki
Authors: CHRISTODOULOPOULOS (Γ. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΔΟΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) G. , ROUBIES (Ν. ΡΟΥΜΠΙΕΣ) N. , KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ) H. , PAPASTERIADIS (Α. ΠΑΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΑΔΗΣ) A.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this survey was the study of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (vit. E) concentrations in cattle to be slaughtered in the area of Thessaloniki. For this purpose, research samples of blood and liver were collected from 205 cattle brought to different slaughter-houses of Thessaloniki. Out of the 205 cattle to be slaughtered, 78% presented deficient concentration of Se in liver (0,110-0,600 μg/g DM), 17% marginally deficient concentration(0,601-0,900 μg/g DM) and only 5% normal concentration (0,901-1,512 μg/g DM). Regarding vit. E, only 5% out of the 205 cattle to be slaughtered presented deficient concentration in liver (<5 μg/g WW). It is concluded from the above that, in Thessaloniki, a significant percentage of cattle run the risk of Se deficiency diseases. On the contrary, the case of vit. E deficiency, should be regarded as improbable for these animals.
Treatment of feline pyothorax: A report of two spontaneous cases
Authors: KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) A. F. , PRASSINOS (Ν.Ν. ΠΡΑΣΙΝΟΣ) N. N. , ADAMAMA-MORAITOU (Κ.Κ. ΑΔΑΜΑΜΑ-ΜΩΡΑΪΤΟΥ) K. K. , KRITSEPI (Μ.Γ. ΚΡΙΤΣΕΠΗ) M. G.
Published: January 2018

Two cases of feline pyothorax, presented in severe respiratory distress, were treated successfully by applying intermittent drainage and daily lavage of the pleural space with warm normal saline. Before that an indwelling thoracostomy tube had been fixed on the thoracic wall and left in place from 5 to 10 days. The only complication noticed was a symptomatic pneumothorax due to either tube malpositioning or damage to the tube wall. In both instances, the inspiratory dyspnea decreased or disappeared as soon as the tube was removed. Systemic and long term (6-9 weeks) treatment with antibiotics, combined with supportive measures and good nursing care, had a positive effect to the successful outcome in both cases.
Chronic or atrophie masticatory myositis in the dog. A report of two spontaneous cases
Authors: KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) A. F. , VAMVAKIDIS (Χ. Δ. ΒΑΜΒΑΚΙΔΗΣ) C. D. , POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) Z. , LEKKAS (Σ. ΛΕΚΚΑΣ) S. , GEORGIADIS (Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΙΑΔΗΣ) G.
Published: January 2018

Two young adult dogs (case 1: German wirehaired pointer male, case 2: mongrel female) were admitted to our Clinic because of a progressive, bilateral and symmetrical atrophy of the masticatory muscles, that was most obvious in the temporal muscles. No signs of mandibular dysfunction were detected in both animals. The clinical diagnosis of chronic or atrophic myositis was confirmed by the histopathology of temporal muscle biopsies, which revealed the typical of the disease lesions, such as myofiber degeneration, regeneration and atrophy, interstitial or perivascular cellular infiltrates, chiefly of lymphocytes and plasma cells plus perimysial fibrosis. Temporal muscle electromyography, done only in case 1, showed abnormal spontaneous activity indicating myositis. The use of prednisolone at immunosuppressive doses, with or without azathioprine, not only stopped the progression of the disease but resulted in a partial restoration of the masticatory muscle mass.
Current aspects on vaccines and immunization in the dog and cat. Part II. Vaccines and vaccinations in the cat and postvaccinal complications
Authors: MYLONAKIS (Μ.Μ. ΜΥΛΩΝΑΚΗΣ) M. M. , KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) A. F. , PLEVRAKI (Κ.Γ. ΠΛΕΥΡΑΚΗ) K. G.
Published: January 2018

The widespread use of vaccinations among the feline population has greatly contributed to the control of the most common infectious diseases, such as panleukopenia, upper respiratory viral diseases, leukemia virus infection, rabies, infectious peritonitis, chlamydiosis and Bordetella infection that threaten the health status or the life itself of the affected cats. Kittens having received colostrum can be vaccinated as soon as the 6th week of life, while the colostrum-deprived neonates two weeks earlier, provided that inactivated vaccines will be used. The induction of immunization and maintenance at protective levels through annual boostering are the main goals of all vaccination programmes applied to the cat. The unusual postvaccinal complications may include the 4 hypersensitivity types of reaction and the immunosupression reportedly related to some vaccine products (immunologic), the local reactions at the injection site, some reproductive problems, the appearance of the disease itself and the sarcomas (non-immunologic).
A new extremely hazardous viral disease in southeast Asia which affects both swine and humans
Authors: TZIKA (Ε. Δ. ΤΖΗΚΑ) E. D. , SAOULIDIS (Κ. ΣΑΟΥΛΙΔΗΣ) K. , ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) K. , KYRIAKIS (Σ.Κ. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ) S. C.
Published: January 2018

Since the end of 1998, incidents of a serious viral encephalitis have been reported in Malaysia and recently in Singapore, a 50% of which led to death. According to the updated information on this new disease, its transmission is related to swine. At first, it was believed that cause of the encephalitis was the virus of the Japanese encephalitis type B. However, after the proper laboratory examinations, it was proved that a new, unknown virus was related to the etiology of the incidents. This virus belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and has many common characteristics with the Hendra virus, without being the actual one. The first name attributed to the virus was Hendra like virus, but recently the name Nipah virus prevails.
Laparoscopic intrauterine insemination in superovulated Chios breed ewes
Authors: LYMBEROPOULOS (Α. ΛΥΜΠΕΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) A. , KÜHHOLZER B. , AMIRIDIS (Γ.Σ. ΑΜΟΙΡΙΔΗΣ) G. S. , CHRISTODOULOU (Β. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΔΟΥΛΟΥ) V. , VAINAS (Ε. ΒΑΪΝΑΣ) E.
Published: January 2018

Superovulation was induced by i.m. administration of 8.8 mg o-FSH in 8 standard doses. Using only one trocar, 0.3 ml of diluted semen (300X106 spermatozoa) was deposited intraluminally, 24-28 hours after oestrus expression, with a 20GX75 mm needle without any fixation of the uterine horns. The duration of the procedure was approximately 5 min per animal. The oocytes-zygotes collection was carried out 18-24 hours after insemination by flushing of the oviducts. The percentage of the collected zygotes varied between donors from 44.44% to 100%. Fertilization was confirmed by the existence of two pronuclei in 121 out of 140 collected oocyteszygotes. Out of the 26 ewes, in 14,10 and 2 the percentage of fertilized oocytes were 100%, 80.55% and 44.44%, respectively. The results from this study are compared with those from other laparoscopic techniques, cervical insemination or natural mating of superovulated ewes. The feasibility for the application of this method in embryo transfer programmes and in intrauterine insemination with frozen ram semen, is also discussed.
Cow's endomitritis
Authors: MORAITIS (Σ. ΜΩΡΑΪΤΗΣ) S. , SARATSIS (Φ. ΣΑΡΑΤΣΗΣ) Ph.
Published: January 2018

Uterine infections are a major cause of economic loss to the cattle industry, with both short and long-term losses occurring. This paper reviews the etiology, pathogenesis and predisposing factors of endometritis, the clinical signs, the diagnosis, as well as the impact of the various treatments on the fertility status of the cow.
Intestinal protozoa of animals in Macedonia
Authors: HIMONAS (Χ. Α. ΧΕΙΜΩΝΑΣ) C. Α. , ANTONIADOU-SOTIRIADOU (Κ.Σ. ΑΝΤΩΝΙΑΔΟΥ-ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑΔΟΥ) K. S. , SOTIRAKI (Σ.Τ. ΣΩΤΗΡΑΚΗ) S. T. , PAPAZACHARIADOU (Μ.Γ. ΠΑΠΑΖΑΧΑΡΙΑΔΟΥ) M. G.
Published: January 2018

The infection with intestinal protozoa of clinically healthy animals which was as follows:100 cattle (Bos taurus europeus aged 2-5 years), 70 buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis, 2-5 years), 273 sheep (2-5 years), 147 goats (1-5 years), 110 horses (5-25 years), 141 pigs (2 months-4 years), 8 bears (2-30 years), 103 cats (1-7 years) and 291 chickens (35 days-4 years),it was investigated in certain areas of Macedonia. Determination of the prevalence of infection was based on faecal examination. Eight species of intestinal protozoa were identified. The most prevalent protozoa per animal were: Entamoeba spp. in cattle (92%), buffaloes (100%), sheep (70.6%) and goats (56.5%); Balantidium spp. in pigs (68.8%); Buxtonella sulcata in buffaloes (100%); Blastocystis spp. in chickens (63.9%), bears (75%) and buffaloes (100%); Eimeria spp. in horses (54.5%) and buffaloes (100%) and Giardia spp. in cats (20.3%) and buffaloes (100%). The following genera are reported here for the first time in some hosts in Greece: Cryptospporidium in horses, goats and cats, Giardia in buffaloes, sheep, goats, cats and chickens, Blastocystis in horses, buffaloes, sheep, pigs, cats, bears and chickens, Entamoeba in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, cats, bears and chickens, Buxtonella sulcata in cattle and buffaloes and Eimeria in buffaloes. Furthermore, this appears to be the first report of Blastocystis in horses, sheep, buffaloes and bears, Balantidium in sheep and goats, Entamoeba in buffaloes and bears and Giardia in buffaloes and chickens.
Validation of a yeast malate dehydrogenase 2 (Mdh2) antibody tested for use in western blots
Authors: Gabay-Maskit Shiran , Schuldiner Maya , Zalckvar Einat
Published: January 2018

Malate dehydrogenases (Mdhs) reversibly convert malate to oxaloacetate and serve as important enzymes in several metabolic pathways. In the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaethere are three Mdh isozymes, localized to different compartments in the cell. In order to identify specifically the Mdh2 isozyme, GenScript USA produced three different antibodies that we further tested by western blot. All three antibodies recognized theS. cerevisiaeMdh2 with different background and specificity properties. One of the antibodies had a relatively low background and high specificity and thus can be used for specific identification of Mdh2 in various experimental settings.
On the issue of the specifics of service conflicts in the system of internal affairs bodies
Authors: Коновалов Алексей , Konovalov Aleksey
Published: January 2018

The article poses the problem of determination of the emergence of conflicts in the collective of law enforcement bodies, and as a consequence - the formation of an unfavorable socio-psychological climate in it. One of the reasons is the low level of conflictological culture of employees, which manifests itself in the absence of sufficient conflictological knowledge, which allows to quickly and competently analyze the negative situation, to anticipate the onset of the conflict situation, to identify the internal causes of the conflict, and to understand the patterns of their occurrence, flow and resolution.
Avaliação da atividade moduladora e citotóxica do óleo essencial das folhas de Hyptis martiusii Benth
Authors: Sobreira Dantas Nóbrega de Figueirêdo Francisco Rodolpho , Bitu Primo Ana Jaqueline , Brito Monteiro Álefe , Relison Tintino Saulo , De Araújo Delmondes Gyllyandeson , Dos Santos Sales Valterlúcio , De Souza Rodrigues Cristina Kelly , Bezerra Felipe Cicero Francisco , Melo Coutinho Henrique Douglas , Kerntopf Marta Regina
Published: January 2018

A espécie Hyptis martiusii Benth é popularmente conhecida como “cidreira do campo”. Possui várias atividades biológicas, dentre elas atividades antifúngica, antiin amatória e inseticida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a atividade moduladora do óleo essencial das folhas frescas de Hyptis martiusii em associação com diferentes antibióticos frente às bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, como também a atividade citotóxica da espécie. O estudo utilizou a cim (con- centração inibitória mínima) como forma de avaliação da modulação usando uma inoculação de 100 microlitros de cada estirpe bacteriana. Os ensaios de citotoxicidade foram realizados in vitro utilizando a cultura de linhagem de células do tecido conectivo de camundongo ( broblastos de mamíferos). A pesquisa demonstrou que o Óleo Essencial das folhas de Hyptis martiusii Benth —oehm— apresentou sinergismo apenas em associação com os antibióticos gentamicina e imipenem frente às bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli. No entanto, apresentou antagonismo em associação com amicacina, gentamicina e imipenem frente às três bactérias estudadas. Em junção com o cipro oxaci- no não apresentou resultados relevantes. Em relação à atividade citotóxica a concentração letal média (LC50) expôs um valor de 263,12 μg/ml. Por  m, revelou-se que H. martiusii apresenta atividade citotóxica e baixa atividade sinérgica frente às bactérias avaliadas.
Funcionalidade e fatores associados em idosos de San Juan de Pasto, na Colômbia
Authors: Paredes Arturo Yenny Vicky , Yarce Pinzón Eunice , Aguirre Acevedo Daniel Camilo
Published: January 2018

Introdução: a capacidade funcional é um dos determinantes do estado de saúde dos idosos. Nesta população crescente dependência levando a mudanças significativas no estilo de vida, interação social e familiar é apresentada. Este estudo analisa a relação dos fatores sociodemográficos e condições de saúde, com estado funcional em uma amostra de adultos sobre a cidade de Pasto Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal em uma amostra de 391 adultos, sobre os quais o seu estado funcional foi avaliada com a escala de atividades instrumentais de vida diária Lawton e Brody. Características demográficas, história médica, nível cognitivo global, e os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados. Foi calculada como uma medida de associação a razão de chances —rd— bruta e ajustada com intervalos de confiança respetivos 95% em modelos de regressão logística binária. Resultados: 26,3% dos adultos mais velhos foram encontrados em um nível de dependência funcional, está associado ao sexo masculino (rd = 2,72, 95% ci 1,51-4,93), dependência económica (or = 1, 41; 95% ci 1,26-4,40), história de doença cerebrovascular (or = 3,41, 95% CI 1,21-9,61), artrite (or = 2,24, 95% ci 1,27-3, 98), sintomas depressivos (or = 3,07, 95% ci 1,54-6,123) e cognitivo impairment (or = 2,04, 95% ci 1,15-3,64). Discussão: Os resultados deste estudo constatou que, com o processo de envelhecimento, a capacidade funcional é sujeita a muitos fatores, as ligações acima para os idosos perdem gradualmente o seu nível de independência, o que pode afetar sua qualidade de vida e, por conseguinte, no contexto no qual ele interage.
A Comprehensive Multi-Level Model for Campus-Based Leadership Education
Authors: Rosch David , Spencer Gayle L. , Hoag Beth L.
Published: January 2018

Within this application brief, we propose a comprehensive model for mapping the shape and optimizing the effectiveness of leadership education in campus-wide university settings. The four-level model is highlighted by inclusion of a philosophy statement detailing the values and purpose of leadership education on campus, a set of skills and competencies that serve as learning goals, a map of formal educational and informal practice opportunities for leadership development, and a plan for assessment and evaluation of effectiveness in both formative and summative contexts. We provide the example of leadership education at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to illustrate how the model might look on one campus.
Addressing Complex Problems: Using Authentic Audiences and Challenges to Develop Adaptive Leadership and Socially Responsible Agency in Leadership Learners
Authors: Andenoro Anthony C. , Sowcik Matthew J. , Balser Teresa C.
Published: January 2018

Complex and adaptive challenges threaten human well-being and sustainability. However, our leadership graduates often lack the capacity and or commitment to address these challenges in a meaningful way. This paper details a five-year study exploring the impact of an interdisciplinary undergraduate course on the development of global capacities, complex Adaptive Leadership, Socially Responsible Agency, and systems thinking. The course instructors used innovative and intentionally divergent learning methods to challenge students to serve as stewards of their own knowledge and facilitators of their own learning through the confrontation of authentic and complex challenges. The researchers note transferable qualitative findings that demonstrate the profound impact of the noted leadership learning experience on the development of Socially Responsible Agency, along with Adaptive Leadership capacity and systems thinking.
Moving Students to Deeper Learning in Leadership
Authors: Stover Sheri , Seemiller Corey
Published: January 2018

The world is a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environment (Carvan, 2015) that calls for leaders who can effectively navigate the complexity of leadership today. Students of leadership studies must not only learn leadership information content, but also be able to effectively implement the content and process, requiring deep approaches to their learning (Petrie, 2014). This quantitative research study used the ASSIST Inventory to measure approaches to learning (surface, deep, or strategic) for students enrolled in an Organizational Leadership undergraduate program. Students showed a preference for deeper approaches, though, many continue to use surface approaches, which may lead to shallow understandings and the inability to put content into practice. Specific strategies are provided for instructors to help students move toward deeper approaches.
Addressing the Biggest (Baddest) and Best Ideas Ever: Through the Lens of Humility
Authors: Sowcik Matthew J. , Andenoro Anthony C. , Council Austin
Published: January 2018

Now and into the foreseeable future, both effective leadership and creativity are going to be important when addressing complex problems. The connection between effective leadership and creativity will be critical as leaders look to turn big ideas into innovative solutions. However, it seems that there is often a disconnect between the two constructs of creativity and effective leadership. The article draws upon scholarly research within the field to address this gap and better understand the power of humility to mitigate this disconnect. The goal of this article is to encourage the field of Leadership Education to look inward into how we as a community are creating an environment where creative leaders can be developed.
Using the Creative Cognition Approach in Essay Assignments in Leadership Education
Authors: Atkinson Tim
Published: January 2018

This application brief covers, “The Final Question”, an alternative essay design that encourages the learner to think creatively in Ph.D. Organization Theory or Leadership courses. “The Final Question” asks, “Do leaders change organizations or do organizations change leaders?” It is a simple question, but only the first in a series of prompts that guide Ph.D. learners on a path to become more creative thinkers. First, the learner must explore two knowledge domains in detail: Leadership Theory and Organization Theory. Next, the learner must combine information from each domain to create novel ideas about leadership action in organizational contexts. Finally, the learner must name the new concepts and share them with other learners.
Developing Leadership for Increasing Complexity: A Review of Online Graduate Leadership Programs
Authors: Winton Steven L. , Palmer Sarah , Hughes Patrick J.
Published: January 2018

Leadership education must evolve to keep pace with the growing recognition that effective leadership happens in a complex environment and is as much a systemic variable as a personal one. As part of a program review process, a graduate leadership program at a private Midwestern university conducted a qualitative review of 18 online graduate programs in leadership education. In the absence of a discipline or accrediting body to govern leadership degree programs, we utilized the integrating framework of complexity leadership theory (CLT), as well as two professional societies, to understand how the curricula and competencies of online graduate education align and diverge to meet the changing assumptions and challenges of leadership.
Exploring Deliberate Practice & the Use of Skill Sheets in the Collegiate Leadership Competition
Authors: Allen Scott J. , Jenkins Daniel M. , Krizanovic Bela
Published: January 2018

Little has been written about the use of skill sheets in leadership education and this paper demonstrates how they have been implemented in one specific context. Used in a number of domains (e.g., karate, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) skill sheets are checklists or rubrics that record skill performance. The use of skill sheets in leadership learning and education is a critical step in our efforts to grow as a discipline. Founded in 2015, the Collegiate Leadership Competition has incorporated the use of skill sheets in skill development, assessment of learning, and curriculum design.
Past Experiences, Present Beliefs, Future Practices: Using Narratives to Re(present) Leadership Educator Identity
Authors: Priest Kerry L. , Seemiller Corey
Published: January 2018

In an effort to better understand leadership educator preparation, this qualitative study explores leadership educators’ identity constructions, or (re)presentations of experiences, beliefs, and practices that contribute to one’s professional identity. We used three narrative approaches (storytelling, symbolic interactionism, and anticipatory reflection) to capture short stories of leadership educators’ lived experiences and life perspectives. Analysis of these narratives illustrate the kinds of past experiences that led to shifts in thinking or practice. Leadership education was seen as a process of leadership development, with teachers and students both exercising leadership. And participants’ reflection on their intentions for future practice emphasize learning that is both personal (relational) and procedural (developing knowledge and skills). Findings offer insight into recommendations for intentional professional development experiences and future research.
Multidisciplinary knowledge of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity in maternity care: A pilot study
Authors: Bowsher Gemma M , Deepak Sahil , Edwards Amy
Published: January 2018

Background

Although widely used in maternity care, the risks associated with local anaesthetic (LA) agents are commonly overlooked. The most serious avoidable risk associated with LA use is local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). Incidence in maternity settings is known to be underestimated due to under-recognition and under-reporting. LAST is a considerable problem, with potential financial and medico-legal as well as implications for patient safety.

Methods

A standardised, anonymised questionnaire was used to evaluate LAST awareness among staff of all disciplines. Awareness was examined across four domains: LA safe maximum doses, signs and symptoms of toxicity, immediate management, and the antidote type and location.

Findings

Poor LAST awareness was identified across all staff disciplines, with scope for substantial improvement with an interprofessional educational intervention. Only 17% were aware of any guidelines relating to LAST.

Conclusion

There is a need for greater focus on interdisciplinary education and the importance of shared responsibility in optimising patient safety.
Reviewing the effect of hyperemesis gravidarum on women's lives and mental health
Authors: Dean Caitlin , Bannigan Katrina , Marsden Jonathan
Published: January 2018

Background

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition that affects 1–1.5% of pregnant women, and is characterised by extreme levels of intractable nausea and vomiting.

Aims

To understand the association between hyperemesis gravidarum and psychological morbidity.

Methods

A qualitative literature review of the effects of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum was undertaken. An extensive search of multiple databases was undertaken and the results appraised and synthesised.

Findings

Four main themes and two subthemes emerged in relation to mental health effects. The main themes were: social isolation; unable to care for self and others or change of role; negative psychological effects (depression, anxiety, guilt and loss of self); and sense of dying, suicidal ideation or termination. The subthemes were loss of earnings or employment; and changes to family plans.

Conclusion

A shift towards an holistic biopsychosocial approach to care for hyperemesis gravidarum is required. Health professionals can help women by allowing them to express their feelings, and validating them. Where required, referral to the perinatal mental health team or a peer support system may be appropriate.
Positive Relation Between Abundance of Pericarpial Nectaries and Ant Richness in Tocoyena formosa (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Queiroga Drielly Da Silveira , Moura Renan Fernandes
Published: January 2018

Ants can interact with plants in several ways, being one of the most common visitors of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs). However, pericarpial nectars (PNs) may represent to the ant community a similar resource as EFN would do. Here, we investigate how an ant community interacts with PNs by an individual-based network, using Tocoyena formosa as a model. We hypothesized that plants with more PN’s would present a higher ant richness in comparison to plants with less PNs and will occupy a central position in the network interaction. We observed 36 individuals of T. formosa in November of 2016. We recorded both the ant species and abundances on each plant, as well as the number of active PNs. To test our hypothesis, we performed a linear regression between PNs and ant richness. We performed a bipartite network analysis to obtain both the specialization and centrality metrics of each plant, and we also conducted linear regressions between the number of PNs and both the specialization and centrality. We confirmed our hypothesis, in which the ant community was more rich in individuals of T. formosa with more active PNs, and these individuals were more central, being important for the maintenance of the interactions with ants. We believe that coexistence between ants foraging is possible in T. formosa due to the seasonality and short time prevalence of the PNs, whose dominant ants do not have able time to master the resource and exclude the others, allowing different species to use the same plant.
Place, belonging and the determinants of volunteering
Authors: Dallimore David J. , Davis Howard , Eichsteller Marta , Mann Robin
Published: January 2018

In this article we discuss findings from our ethnography investigating how volunteering in local associational life is changing, asking whether structural factors fixed in localities remain important or whether, as others have suggested, volunteering is becoming disembedded from place. Across two locations, we observe how situational variables, including belonging, identification and interaction, remain important determinants of volunteering, and how the relationship between people and their localities has distinct meanings. In one locality, people participated as volunteers because they had a strong sense of belonging; in the other, they often volunteered because they wanted to belong. We find that local voluntary association is important in forming bridges between people in ‘places’ and wider society, but that differing notions of belonging mean that localities are not equally situated to operate as effective conduits. We conclude that understanding these dynamics is important for outside agencies in delivering support and public services.
Comparison of Rhodotorula sp. and Bacillus megaterium in the removal of cadmium ions from liquid effluents
Authors: Roşca Mihaela , Hlihor Raluca-Maria , Cozma Petronela , Drăgoi Elena Niculina , Diaconu Mariana , Silva Bruna , Tavares Teresa , Gavrilescu Maria
Published: January 2018

This study compares the capacity ofRhodotorulasp. andBacillus megateriumfor Cd(II) removal considering the influence of operating parameters (pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, initial metal concentration in solution). The highest Cd(II) uptake of 14.2 mg/g byRhodotorulasp. was exhibited at 30°C, when working at pH 6 and with 5 g/l biosorbent dosage, after 48 h of contact time. In these conditions, a removal efficiency of 85% was obtained. Similar outcomes were obtained forB. megaterium(15.1 mg/g, 90%) at 35°C, pH 4 and 3 g/l biosorbent dosage, considered as the optimum set of parameters, equilibrium being achieved for a contact time of 20 min. The possible interaction mechanisms between the biosorbents and Cd(II) were evaluated through point of zero charge (pHpzc), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX). Data were modeled using pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models. Further studies considered a modeling approach based on linear regression with Durbin-Watson statistics, while the accuracy and precision of experiments were evaluated by ANOVA.
Update on mitochondria and muscle aging: all wrong roads lead to sarcopenia
Authors: Picca Anna , Calvani Riccardo , Bossola Maurizio , Allocca Elena , Menghi Amerigo , Pesce Vito , Lezza Angela Maria Serena , Bernabei Roberto , Landi Francesco , Marzetti Emanuele
Published: January 2018

Sarcopenia is a well-known geriatric syndrome that has been endorsed over the years as a biomarker allowing for the discrimination, at a clinical level, of biological from chronological age. Multiple candidate mechanisms have been linked to muscle degeneration during sarcopenia. Among them, there is wide consensus on the central role played by the loss of mitochondrial integrity in myocytes, secondary to dysfunctional quality control mechanisms. Indeed, mitochondria establish direct or indirect contacts with other cellular components (e.g. endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, lysosomes/vacuoles) as well as the extracellular environment through the release of several biomolecules. The functional implications of these interactions in the context of muscle physiology and sarcopenia are not yet fully appreciated and represent a promising area of investigation. Here, we present an overview of recent findings concerning the interrelation between mitochondrial quality control processes, inflammation and the metabolic regulation of muscle mass in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia highlighting those pathways that may be exploited for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions against muscle aging.
Body, Language and Mediality
Authors: Toru Tani
Published: January 2018

Husserl attempted to found logics and language on intuition, and particularly perception. The relationship between logical language and intuition is therefore one of the fundamental themes of his phenomenology. Husserl regarded the two as sharing an isomorphic structure, and this article shows that this structure can be characterized as “mediality.” That is, the “meaning” of language appears by mediation of sound or script, while the “I” as person appears by mediation of the body. I will show furthermore that intuitions themselves appear through the mediation of language, and interpret this idea of mediality in terms of the Japanese language. Guided by Husserl’s notion of Sprachleib (linguistic living body), I will also attempt an analysis of the “bodily” function of Chinese script and onomatopeia as aspects of Sprachleib and show how the Sprachleib functions as a “cultural living body” that makes community possible.
Political and Economic Factors Influencing Strike Activity during the Recent Economic Crisis: A Study of the Spanish Case between 2002 and 2013
Authors: Pohl Nicholas
Published: January 2018

The Great Recession and the upsurge of widespread social movements in various crisis-ridden countries have given new impetus to the debate on the relationship between economic breakdown and the occurrence of collective action. I revisit the issue by examining strike activity in Spain between 2002 and 2013. For a better understanding of the continuities and changes, I contrast two sets of literature on industrial conflict. The first deals with economic factors influencing strikes or, in other words, with the question of whether and how fluctuations in manpower supply and demand account for continuities and changes in strike activity. The second advocates for a look beyond the economy, towards the political exchange that takes place between unions and state actors and which, depending on its positive or negative nature, leads to shifts of the distributional struggle away from the marketplace towards the public arena or vice versa. The findings reveal that, rather than exclusive, the two perspectives prove to be mutually conducive and are most significant when they are combined. The political exchange model is helpful for understanding the rather stable or even declining strike frequency prior to the economic crisis but also the three nationwide general strikes in 2010 and 2012, which represented a rupture in the social consensus. If the general strikes are left aside, the economic variables come into play: an increased strike frequency during the economic crisis is in fact accompanied by a shift towards smaller strikes related to a single workplace, and to so-called “defensive” strikes. This indicates that an actual decrease in workers’ bargaining power was overcompensated by a growing number of circumstances in which the recourse to strike action became a means of last resort.
Low Second-To-Fourth Digit Ratio Has High Explosive Power? A Prepubertal Study
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Chen , Fong Tsorng-Harn , Chang Hung-Ming , Su Borcherng , Chi Chung-Pu , Kan Nai-Wen , Hsu Mei-Chich
Published: January 2018

Hsu, CC, Fong, TH, Chang, HM, Su, B, Chi, CP, Kan, NW, and Hsu, MC. Low second-to-fourth digit ratio has high explosive power? A prepubertal study. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 2091–2095, 2018—A recent study reported that lower limb explosive power had no correlation with the index finger: ring finger (2D:4D) ratio. However, many studies hypothesized that a lower 2D:4D ratio (reflecting a relative higher testosterone exposure) predicts higher physical fitness. The aim of this study was to replicate the study of explosive power and the 2D:4D ratio in a sample of Taiwanese children. A total of 541 Taiwanese prepubertal children (257 girls and 284 boys aged 9–10 years) participated in this study. This study analyzed the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and explosive power. Explosive power of the lower limbs was assessed using the standing long jump (SLJ) test. The lengths of the second and fourth fingers of the right hand were measured to calculate the 2D:4D ratio. The SLJ length was correlated with the 2D:4D ratios (r = −0.144, p = 0.015) in boys. After controlling for age and the body mass index, this correlation remained significant (r = −0.134, p = 0.024). For girls, 2D:4D ratios were not significantly correlated with SLJ scores. These results indicate that the SLJ distance was negatively correlated with the 2D:4D ratio in boys, but not in girls. These findings might suggest that prenatal testosterone exposure is negatively correlated with the explosive power in men, but not in women.
The Spread of the Shadow Economy as a Moral Dilemma?
Authors: Dzemydaitė Giedrė , Savilionytė Ieva
Published: January 2018

The shadow economy remains a significant problem in post-Soviet countries and less economically developed economies. Even though there are a lot of economic and social arguments for the emergence of the shadow economy, it remains the question how much of the shadow economy, as well as an intrinsic willingness to pay taxes, could be explained by social norms, business ethics and illegal business practices that come from the cultural and historical background. This paper focuses on the ethical dilemma and tries to figure out how morality reflects in the tendency to participate in shadow economy. A qualitative approach is applied in this paper to find linkages between moral norms and an acceptance of the shadow economy. This paper supports the idea that people’s backgrounds, their moral norms and close relationships affect how they perceive tax evasion and how much they are willing to participate in such illegal activities.
The Profitability and Risk Effects of Russian Banking Institutions’ Involvement in Bancassurance: Merger Simulation Methodology
Authors: Ekimov Alexander V.
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the methodology taken to evaluate the potential profitability and risk effects of Russian banking institutions’ involvement in bancassurance. An original methodology is applied, which was developed by Boyd and Graham, to conduct merger simulations between commercial banks and insurance companies. The methodology is based on mergers between firms, like the accounting principle of consolidation by pooling. This principle entails summing up the balance-sheet indicators of previously independent firms to simulate a hypothetical merger.