bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Empowerment Impact in Indonesian Pesantren
Authors: Zusak M Bastomi Fahri
Published: October 2024

This paper develops a scoping study approach to review the literature on Pesantren (Islamic Boarding Schools) and their role in economic development. Over the past 15 years, published papers have been categorized into several key topics, including entrepreneurship, leadership, empowerment, multiculturalism, and politics. Among these, leadership has emerged as the most researched topic, given the kyai's role as influential religious, social, and cultural figures. Multiculturalism and politics are also prominently featured in the literature. This study highlights the importance of economic empowerment within pesantren and offers policy recommendations for the government while suggesting future research directions to strengthen pesantren's contributions to Indonesia's socio-economic landscape.
Adaptive Stakeholder Management in Social Startups
Authors: Dwina Aileen Mayda , Alim Syahirul
Published: October 2024

This research examines the implementation and outcomes of stakeholder relationship management (SRM) strategies in social startups, focusing on Indonesia's Social Organization Matchmaking program. Conducting by a qualitative approach, this study explores how the Outreach Campaign team designed and implemented SRM strategies to engage diverse Organizations within a resource-constrained, emerging market context. The findings highlight a multifaceted SRM approach encompassing strategic communication, personalized engagement, value co-creation, and digital interaction. This adaptive strategy significantly enhanced program outcomes, including a higher success rate in matching Organizations with sponsors, increased retention, and overall satisfaction. Key factors contributing to effective SRM were identified, such as fostering trust through transparent communication, cultivating commitment through shared value creation, and balancing digital and traditional engagement methods. Contextual factors, including cultural norms, economic realities, technological infrastructure, and regulatory environment, shaped SRM strategies.
Podem pessoas negras usar maconha para o bem-estar?
Authors: De Lima e Silva Surjus Luciana , Martins Nunes Douglas , De Paula Tadeu , Mendes Faustino Deivison , De Camargo David Emiliano
Published: October 2024

A regulamentação da maconha tem evidenciado desproporção racial da incidência da guerra às drogas sobre populações, alertando para a necessidade de medidas de reparação social e de promoção da equidade. O presente estudo verificou se haveria diferença nas características sociodemográficas, motivações de uso e nos riscos biopsicossociais do uso e da proibição da maconha, em se tratando de populações negras, por meio de análises quantitativas de 2685 respondentes de formulário online anônimo. A população negra teve menor escolaridade, menor renda familiar, início de uso mais tardio, e menor frequência de uso, embora tenha sofrido mais experiências de estigmatização e preconceito. Pessoas brancas tiveram maior chance de uso para diversão, relaxamento e gerenciamento de estresse, embora maior exposição a modos de obtenção ilegal. Uma limitação do estudo é não contar com uma amostra de base populacional. O uso de drogas compreendido como ocupação humana pode favorecer abordagens não estigmatizantes evidenciando forças estruturais.
prática de capoeira em um CAPS AD: um relato de pesquisa
Authors: Vallado Stefania , Liberman Flavia
Published: October 2024

Este artigo apresenta um relato de pesquisa qualitativa que investigou a prática de capoeira como um dispositivo de cuidado um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas (CAPS AD) localizado no município de São Paulo. Utilizando a abordagem cartográfica, a pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de encontros semanais do grupo de capoeira e produção de diários de campo após cada encontro, que serviram como análise de dados. Os resultados destacam a capoeira como uma prática afro-referenciada que promove cuidado em liberdade e territorial, conforme preconizado pelos princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira. A pesquisa discute ainda o contexto político atual e a importância da abordagem de redução de danos em contraposição a medidas autoritárias de controle. Conclui-se que a capoeira, ao promover a descentralização do poder e possibilitar novas formas de atenção à saúde, emerge como uma estratégia essencial de promoção de saúde nos serviços de saúde mental.
PROBLEMS OF GENRES OF WORKS ABOUT KOZHANASYR IN KAZAKH LITERATURE
Authors: Kenzhekozhayeva A. , Mambetov Zh.
Published: October 2024

Despite the fact that there are separate works in Kazakh literary studies devoted to the study of the image of world-famous hero for his sharp tongue and humorous stories Kozhanasyr, fundamental and comprehensive research work has not been carried out. The problem of systematization and recognition of humorous stories in Kazakh literature as an independent genre has not yet become an object of real scientific research, except for the fact that it was mentioned only in a few articles. The purpose of this article is to determine the genre of works about a popular satirical character of world literature published in various collections under the title “The Stories of Kozhanasyr”.
The article presents different opinions of folklorists, some of whom attributed the works about our hero to the category of fairy tales, others believe that they are typical of the genre of the story. Despite the fact that the definitions given by scientists on this topic are different, we have grouped them according to mutual similarities and differences.
In the course of writing a research paper, the scientific works of many literary scholars and folklorists were considered, the collected materials were analyzed, and collections of works about Kozhanasyr were reviewed.
ANNOTATION OF ANALYTICAL STRUCTURES IN LANGUAGE CORPORA
Authors: Madiyeva G. , Alimtayevа L. , Satkenova Zh. , Pirmanovа K.
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the morphological and word-forming features of analytical structures in language markups by reviewing the annotations in Kazakh, Turkic, and Russian corpora. The findings reveal a significant degree of similarity among the corpora of leading Turkic languages, including Kazakh, Tatar, and Bashkir.
The analysis shows that there are no substantial issues with annotating combined and paired words that machines recognize as single compound units. Consequently, these can be searched and annotated similarly to other compounds, with morphological, word-forming, and lexical annotations applied to the entire unit. However, phrases written with spaces cannot be searched as a single lemma, resulting in each item being annotated individually rather than as a unified compound. This limitation negatively impacts the functionality of the corpora. Conversely, the annotation of phraseological units within the national corpus of the Kazakh language as a cohesive whole is a notable advantage of this corpus.
Improving the annotation of analytical forms and formants of nouns (degrees), verbs, and auxiliary words in accordance with the language structure will enhance corpus functionality. Although this task is complex, an analysis of the current lexical resources in the National Corpora of the Kazakh language, along with ongoing fundamental research, indicates that the gradual automation of analytical structure annotation is imminent.
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ АНГЛИЦИЗМОВ В КАЗАХСТАНСКОМ МЕДИАДИСКУРСЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕЙ)
Authors: Бейсенова М.К. , Кенжетаева Г.К. , Аитова Ж.Ж.
Published: October 2024

Данная статья посвящена исследованию морфологических характеристик англицизмов в казахстанском медиадискурсе на примере социальных сетей (популярных новостных телеграмм-каналов «НЕХабар» и «NUR.KZ») за 2023 год. Рассматривается процесс адаптации англицизмов в русскоязычном и казахоязычном новостном контенте с учетом их морфологических особенностей. В исследовании акцентируется внимание на соотношении отдельных частей речи и способам образования англицизмов, выявленных в ходе их изучения. Исследование проводится на материале современных медийных текстов, что позволяет выявить тенденции и закономерности в употреблении англицизмов в современном казахстанском медиапространстве, а также их степень проникновения в языковой узус. Актуальность данной темы обусловлена необходимостью изучения процессов адаптации и использования англицизмов в казахстанском медиадискурсе, особенно в контексте социальных сетей. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для лингвистов, изучающих процессы языкового контакта. Особое внимание уделяется влиянию англицизмов на развитие современных языковых норм и их интеграции в повседневную речь. Анализ включает количественные и качественные методы, что позволяет получить всестороннее представление о морфологических особенностях англицизмов. Выявленные данные также способствуют пониманию динамики изменения языка под воздействием глобализации и культурных обменов, что является важным аспектом в изучении современного казахстанского медиадискурса. Кроме того, результаты работы могут быть использованы в лингвистических исследованиях, посвященных языковым изменениям в условиях цифровой коммуникации. Исследование вносит вклад в понимание того, как англицизмы способствуют обогащению словарного запаса и каким образом они отражают текущие социальные и культурные тенденции.
Institutional Capacity Needs Assessment towards Strengthening Sustainable Ocean Governance in Ghana
Authors:   United Nations Environment Programme
Published: October 2024

The main objective of the Capacity Needs Assessment (CNA) are as follows: • To identify the key capacity needs of the Environment Directorate in the MESTI, EPA and LUSPA in carrying out their relevant mandates. • To provide an overview of existing environmental governance capacity gaps in the country; and • To provide a template to conduct similar institutional assessments for other relevant institutions in the future. This report assesses institutional capacities in three thematic focus areas of environmental governance: • Ecosystem and biodiversity data management to support coastal and ocean governance and planning, • Environmental management in coastal and marine areas, and • Marine pollution and other types of threats to the coastal and marine environment.
Influencia de las redes sociales en el comportamiento humano
Authors: Díaz Eche Fernanda Rosemary , Sánchez Parrales Ligia Vanessa
Published: October 2024

La comunicación ha evoluciona de forma exponencialmente en los últimos años. El uso de internet y las redes sociales han revolucionan la comunicación interpersonal y la manera de transmitir mensajes. Los efectos que se generan tanto en la sociedad como a nivel individual han sido abordados en diferentes escenarios y por varios autores, aunque todavía quedan interrogantes en el contexto ecuatoriano. En este sentido esta investigación se propone como objetivo: Determinar la influencia del uso de las redes sociales en el comportamiento humano a través de estudios poblacionales en el contexto ecuatoriano para abordar el fenómeno de manera integral. La investigación se realizó en jóvenes de entre 20 y 30 años de la región de Manabí, con diferentes niveles de escolaridad y ocupación. Se utilizó el paradigma de investigación mixto, con métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos para obtener una comprensión holística del objeto de estudio. Se empleó observación, entrevista en profundidad, encuesta, análisis de documentos y triangulación como método de validación. Se utilizó una muestra de 100 personas con un muestreo estratificado. Los resultados arrojaron que las redes sociales tienen una influencia significativa en el comportamiento humano. El 93% de la muestra estudiada utiliza alguna red social. Se perciben actitudes de rechazo y apoyo hacia este fenómeno. Se asocian emociones de alegría, empatía, colaboración y comunicación, aunque también refieren tristeza, ansiedad, frustración y fracaso.
Evaluating Effectiveness and Challenges in B.Ed. Student Teacher Internships
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Khalsa College of Education Ranjit Avenue, Amritsar, Punjab, Kaur Harjinder
Published: October 2024

The B.Ed. internship program is essential for teacher preparation, but its effectiveness in preparing future educators for diverse classrooms requires ongoing evaluation. The school internship programme in teacher education is changing from a pre-specified practice-teaching approach to a more comprehensive approach, as emphasized by the NCTE Regulations, 2009 and 2014 respectively. The 2009 regulations expanded the scope of practice-teaching by emphasizing the importance of student-teachers experiencing all school activities and programs. The 2014 regulations further strengthened the component of ‘Field Engagement’ by prescribing a longer duration of 15 weeks. In the present paper researchers has made an attempt to examines the effectiveness and challenges of B.Ed. student teacher internships, focusing on skill development, support structures, and resource availability. It also investigates the program’s impact on student teachers’ confidence in managing diverse classrooms and fostering student success with varying needs and abilities perception of student teachers about the engagement of 15weeks (15+2 weeks) with the field in B.Ed. 3 rd. semester. Internship Programme as per the curriculum of Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and challenges faced by student teachers during their internship. The sample consisted of 180 student-teachers selected from B.Ed. colleges of Amritsar district through random sampling. The study, utilizing an open-ended questionnaire, revealed that student-teachers encountered numerous challenges during their internship in the 3rd semester of B.Ed., highlighting the challenges faced by both students and educators.
Les ambiances au sein des equipements touristiques de la ville coloniale de Biskra (Est Algerien)
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Université de Biskra, Algeria, DALI AMDJED ISLAM , BELAKEHAL AZEDDINE ,   Department of Architecture, Université de Biskra, Algeria
Published: October 2024

Conquered by the French army in 1844, Biskra was widely known as a notorious winter tourist destination during the colonial era. Characterized by a hot and dry climate, the ‘queen of the oases’ in the Ziban region was renowned for its numerous tourist facilities constructed using techniques imported from elsewhere, local materials, and apparent local stylistic influences. This distinguished architecture was notably mentioned in travel accounts and highlighted in tourist guides. Situated in the realm of heritage and architecture, this research aims to go beyond the knowledge of the built (material) heritage of hotels and thermal resorts in a southern Algerian city. Therefore, this article identifies and defines the atmospheres (intangible heritage) and architectural components, along with their origins, within the tourist facilities built in Biskra during the colonial period. Content analysis is the research technique applied to a corpus of textual sources dating from the colonial period itself. Thus, this work is conducted in accordance with a methodological protocol allocating the study of atmospheres, form, and construction. The acquired results shed light on a historical mode of construction adapted to a challenging natural environment, and they provide a valuable historical reference for contemporary tourism projects suitable for demanding contexts.
ENSUS 2024: XII Encontro de Sustentabilidade em Projeto
Authors:   UFMG, José da Silva Fernando , Araújo Lima Bessa Sofia ,   UFMG
Published: October 2024

O desenvolvimento sustentável é uma abordagem que pode permitir melhores condições de vida para as pessoas, respeitando a capacidade de regeneração do planeta. O tema principal do ENSUS - Encontro de Sustentabilidade em Projeto é a promoção e a discussão dos 17 objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável estabelecidos pela ONU por meio da Agenda 2030. A maior parte desses temas se relacionam com as atividades de projeto nos campos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Design, Engenharias e áreas afins, que dialogam com a sustentabilidade, apresentando caráter multidisciplinar. O objetivo geral do ENSUS 2024 foi promover, de forma ampla, a discussão, a divulgação e a inovação na área de sustentabilidade ligada à arquitetura, à engenharia e ao design no âmbito acadêmico e em consonância com o setor produtivo.
USE OF MOHID PLATFORM IN THE SIMULATION OF THE WATER TRANSPORT OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE CORN PLANTATION IN VARRE-SAI, RJ
Authors:   Instituto Federal Fluminense, Novellino Nunes de Souza Laise , Rambaldi Telles Wagner ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Lugon Junior Jader ,   Instituto Federal Fluminense, de Paulo Santos de Oliveira Vicente ,   Instituto Federal Fluminense
Published: October 2024

Seeking to increase agricultural production and, at the same time, concern for the environment, this work seeks to use the MOHID Land platform coupled with the SWAT model to demonstrate the feasibility of applying such software to study the transport of contaminants in water environments. To this end, a simulation of a corn plantation was developed at the Panorama site, in the municipality of Varre-Sai, Rio de Janeiro. It was concluded that the MOHID Land platform can be used to study the transport of contaminants in water bodies, being a management tool and decision-making aid for engineers and public entities seeking to adopt measures to control pollution in the environment.
FOSTERING GENDER EQUALITY IN RURAL AFRICA: EXPLORING THE PATH OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT FOR LEGUME FARMERS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Kadafur, M. I.  , Shehu, A.
Published: October 2024

The study examines the gendered path to the agricultural credit of legume farmers in Nigeria using a decision-making theory. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted which arrives at 1,137 female legume farmers for the study. Data were collected using interview schedule of a household head using Open data kit (ODK). It is then subjected to descriptive and inferential statistic (Logit regression). Credit institution availability in the respondents’ locality and Group membership were found to be positively significant (P≤0.01 and P≤ 0.1) respectively in influencing males to demand for credit. While only Credit institution availability in the respondents’ locality and age were found to be positively significant (P≤0.01 and P≤ 0.1) respectively in influencing females’ demand for credit The study further revealed that majority (84.16%) of males received agricultural credit through their friends and most (93.4%) of females received it through friends. few (13.4% of males and also 13.1% of female legume farmers) requested for agricultural credit in the study area. Also, among those that didn’t demanded for agricultural credit they did it for a reason, lack of money lenders accounted for 30% and 20.39% of males and females respectively. Lack of money lenders accounted for 30% and 20.39% of males and females respectively reason for refusing to request for agricultural credit. More so, majority (70% and 79.61% of males and female legume farmers) were in need of the credit but didn’t apply for some reasons. The study also revealed that out of 13.4% of males and also 13.1% of female legume farmers that requested for agricultural credit, majority (78.3 and 82.6% of male and females) got it. It is concluded that both gender have access to agricultural credit mostly through their friends. It is hence recommended that informal lenders should be encouraged through the appropriate policy framework to act as community level agents serving as intermediaries between borrowers in farming communities and the formal financial institutions based in the cities and towns across the country.
IMPACT OF INFLATION ON COMPENSATION FOR CROPS AND ECONOMIC TREES ON LAND COMPULSORILY ACQUIRED FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES IN NIGER STATE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Udoekanem, N. B.  , Adoga, D. O.
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the impact of inflation on compensation for crops and economic trees on land compulsorily acquired for public purposes in Niger State of Nigeria. The study utilised secondary data obtained from the Niger State Ministry of Lands and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). These include the current compensation rates for crops in the State, applicable since 2018 and food inflation rates in the country from 2018 when the compensation rates for crops and economic trees in the state were last reviewed till date. It argues that the current compensation rates payable by the government for crops in the State do not incorporate the impact of inflation in its computation and as such cannot adequately compensate the claimants (farmers) in the present inflationary economy. It found that the overall proportion of compensation for crops lost to inflation by farmers in the State is about 148.56% of the actual compensation approved by the government. The variation between the approved compensation and inflation – adjusted compensation was also found to be statistically significant for crops ( ) and economic trees (  ) respectively. It concludes that compensation for crops and economic trees on farmlands in the State compulsorily acquired by the government for overriding public purposes should be computed based on inflation – adjusted compensation rates (IACR) so as to adequately compensate the farmers for the compulsory acquisition of their crops and economic trees in an inflationary economy and to enable them reinvest their capital in alternative agricultural investments elsewhere.
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
Authors: Edobor, A. T.  , Francis, A. A.  , Joseph, M. I.
Published: October 2024

The study examines the impact of economic infrastructure investment on economic growth in Nigeria using data from 1980 to 2021. Real gross domestic product was used as proxy for economic growth. The RGDP was specified as a function of government expenditure on road transportation infrastructure, telecommunication infrastructure, electricity infrastructure and water supply infrastructure. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was applied with 4 lags on the maximum dependent variables and co-integration to examined the impact and the long run relationship between dependent and independent variables. The stationarity test carried out, using Augment Dickey-Fuller (ADF) revealed that all the variables were all stationary at first difference 1(1), implying that the variables contains unit root and statistically significant at both 1 percent and 5 percent level of significance.  Results of the parameter estimates based on the most consistent and efficient estimation; it was discovered that road transportation infrastructure were found to have positive but statistically insignificant with the estimated coefficient of 0.075947 (p=0.043 <0.05). It was equally discovered that   telecommunication and water supply infrastructure were found to have strong positive and statistically significant with estimated coefficient of 0.077978 (p= 0.033<0.05 and 0.076723 (p=0.134>0.05) respectively. While electricity infrastructure was found to have a negative and insignificant relationship with economic growth with estimated coefficient of -0.051186 (p=0.044 <0.05). The estimation showed that all the variables are co-integrated; meaning that there exists long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Thus, it was recommended that for Nigeria to achieved infrastructure development to triggered economic growth and development, government should increase its budgetary allocation on the various components of infrastructures for development.
ECONOMICS OF FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION AND RESOURCE - USE EFFICIENCY OF COWPEA IN NORTH – EASTERN STATES OF NIGERIA
Authors: Yakubu, S.  , Atman, F. M.  , Usman, A. B.  , Mohammed, R.
Published: October 2024

The study determined the economics analysis of factors affecting production and resource – use efficiency of cowpea in North – eastern States of Nigeria. Bauchi, Gombe and Borno States were purposively selected. A total of 4,739 small (2,300), medium (1,180) and large scale (1,259) cowpea farmers were selected using random sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were used as instrument for data collection. Data were analysed by the used of Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Cost Function. The Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE) result of the stochastic frontier production function (SFPF) for cowpea farmers indicated the presence of inefficiency. Farm size and herbicide were significant at (P>0.001), seed was significant at (P>0.05%) and family labour was significant at (P>0.01). In the efficiency effects, farming experience and household size were both significant at (P>0.001); extension contact and literacy level were significant at (P>0.05). The literacy level of the farmers was found to be an important factor that increases output in the area, therefore, it is recommended that farmers should be given proper orientation and/or basic trainings in major farm management techniques as this will help them increase their productivity and hence to be more efficient.
ROLES OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL PIG FARMING IN DELTA NORTH AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Giweze, E. A.  , Ozor, A. O.  , Ebewore, S. O.
Published: October 2024

The study examined the roles of agricultural extension workers in the development of rural pig farming in Delta north agricultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to collect data from 80 respondents using questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean. The result revealed that male (93.7%) dominated pig farming in the study area. One-half of the respondents (50%) had 11 – 20 years pig farming experience. Extension workers assisted farmers to secure loan (=3.36), demostrate suitable practices (=3.25), provide educational assistance on the farm and home (=3.18), persuade farmers to belief and act on new teaching (=3.16). Again, Agricultural extension were favorable in target group methods (=3.41), individual/ household method (=3.21). The study concluded that agricultural extension workers had performed their roles creditably well in teaching and demonstrating innovations to farmers as well as how to use new technologies in development of pig farming. It was observed that many of the pig farmers and some agricultural extension workers have no agricultural education background. Its recommended agricultural extension workers ability to provide teaching to farmers in development of more pig farms in Delta north should be enhanced.
PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN LOCAL AND EXOTIC CHICKENS IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS
Authors: Bala, A.  , Shehu, L. M.  , Doma, U. D.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted during dry and wet seasons of the year 2021 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites in local and exotic chickens slaughtered at Muda Lawal and Railway slaughter slabs (MSS and RSS) in Bauchi metropolis. A total of 320 GITs were collected randomly and transported to NVRI diagnostic laboratory, Bauchi for laboratory examination and microscopy. The overall prevalence was 144 (45%) comprising six (6) difference parasites specie. Out of samples examined 76 (23.8%) tested positive at RSS while 68 (21.3%) at MSS. Of those parasites identified and tested positive at MSS; Coccidia species were the most prevalent parasites 47 (14.7%) among slaughtered chickens followed by Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Strongyloides avium, Choanotaenia infumdibulum. and Raillietina species with 14 (4.4), 7 (2.2), 5 (1.6%), 2 (0.6%) and 1 (0.3%) prevalence respectively. In the case of RSS, Coccidia sp also had the highest prevalent 44 (13.8%), followed by 13 (4.1%) for Ascaridia galli, 5 (1.6%) Heterakis sp, 3 (0.9%) Strongyloides avium, 2 (0.6%) Choanotaenia infund. and 1 (0.3%) Capillaria species. There was significant (P<0.05) difference by seasonal distribution of parasites affecting chickens. There was also significant (P<0.05) difference among age groups with highest prevalence recorded in adult ((32.5%). Even though, local breeds had highest prevalence than the exotic, there was no significant effect in prevalence rate of infection between local and exotic chickens. Also, there was no significant difference by infection rate among sexes. The high prevalence (45%) indicated Chickens in Bauchi metropolis were susceptible to infectious diseases causing cross-contamination while handling, processing and meat consumption. It is therefore, recommended that farmers should imbibed the culture of good hygiene and routine deworming to reduce losses due to parasites infestation.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT AMONG SMALLSCALE FARMERS IN BAUCHI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Maigari, Z. B.  , Sani, R. M.  , Yakubu, S.  , Musa, A. U.
Published: October 2024

The study examined the factors influencing savings and investments among small scale farmers in Bauchi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting 320 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that 38.13% of the respondents were within the age bracket of 28-37 with mean age of 35 years. Majority (53.8%) of the respondents were male. The result also revealed that majority (69.7%) and (55.9%) of the respondents were married having secondary education respectively. The major occupation of the respondents was farming (61.6%). The result also revealed that majority (65.0%) of the respondents’ sourced capital from their personal savings. The result further depicts that half (50.0%) of the respondents had household size of 1-6 with mean household size of 7 persons. Most (94.38%) of the respondents had farm size between 1-2 hectares with mean farm size of 2.5 hectares. Most (94.06%) of the respondents had been in farming for about 1-10 years with a mean year of experience of 4 years. Majority (70.3%) of the respondents were members of one cooperative or the other. The result of factors influencing savings of the respondents revealed that, the coefficients of income from off-farm, farm size and farming experience were positive and statistically significant (P≤ 0.001). On the other hand, the result of factors influencing investment of the respondents revealed that, age and off-farm income were the factors that are statistically significant (P≤ 0.001) and (P≤ 0.05) respectively influencing investments of the respondents in the study area. The major constraints to savings and investments in the study area were lack of sufficient returns (40.0%), risk of capital loss (35.0%) and seasonality of agricultural operations. The study concluded that income from off-farm, farm size, and farming experience, age and off-farm income were the factors influencing savings and investments at 1% and 5% level of significance. The study recommended that, incentives such as improved technology, appropriate farm support services and medium and long-term loans should be provided to farmers to boost their income level.
ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CAUSES OF FARMERS/PASTORALISTS CONFLICT IN IBADAN/IBARAPA AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Polit, V. R.  , Abdullahi, S.  , Bose, A. A.
Published: October 2024

The study examined the socio-economic causes of farmers/pastoralist conflict in Ibadan/Ibarapa Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 145 farmers and 87 pastoralists from the study area. Data were collected using questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that the mean age of farmers was 49 years while that of the pastoralists was 54 years. Majority (83.4% and 98.9%) of the respondents were males for both farmers and pastoralists respectively. Also, 95.7% and 97.7% of the farmers and pastoralists respectively were married, with 56.6% of the farmers obtaining primary school education while 47.1% of pastoralists obtained Arabic education. The mean household size was 7 and 10 persons for farmers and pastoralists respectively. Furthermore, the average years of experience in farming and pastoralism were 23 and 32 years respectively, while the average farm size of the farmers was 3 hectares, and the average herd size of the pastoralists was 31 cattle. The average monthly income was N58,850 and N329,800 for farmers and pastoralists respectively. The result further revealed that the major causes of farmer/pastoralist conflict were inadequate accessibility to grazing reserve (100%), revenge (98.9%) and indiscriminate bush burning (96.6%). The result of the linear regression revealed that marital status (P<0.01), average monthly income (P<0.01) and age (P<0.05) were the major socio-economic characteristics influencing the incidence of conflict. Furthermore, the result revealed that the most effective coping strategy used in the study area were dialogue and education. The study concluded that the major causes of conflict in the study area were inadequate accessibility to grazing reserve, indiscriminate bush burning and ethnic rivalry. The study recommended that Governments at all levels in collaboration with community members should create a sustainable grazing reserve that will enable pastoralist to have grazing fields.
FACTORS INFLUENCING MAIZE FARMERS LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON FLOOD DISASTER ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Abubakar, U.  , Abdullahi, S.  , Garba, M.
Published: October 2024

The study examined the factors influencing maize farmers’ level of awareness on flood disaster adaptation strategies in Gombe State, Nigeria. A multi stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 172 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that majority (77.3%) of the respondents were male and married (72.7%) with a reasonable proportion (34.9% and 34.3%) having secondary and tertiary education, respectively. The mean age, household size, farm size and farming experience of the respondents were 34 years, 6 persons, 2 ha and 8 years, respectively. The study also depicts that majority (66.3%) had access to extension services. Less than half (44.2%) had medium level of awareness on flood disaster adaptation strategy. Almost all (98.8%) and most (92.4%) sourced their information on flood disaster from radio/television and personal observation while majority (87.2%) got it from extension agents. Crop diversification (84.9%) and contour terracing (65.7%) were the major adaptation strategies adapted to avert flooding while use of sandbags was also adapted by 59.3% of the respondents. The findings further reveal that farming experience (P<0.05), educational level (P<0.05), annual income (P<0.01) and household size (P<0.1) had significant influence on level of awareness of flood disaster adaptation strategy. The study concluded that farm size, farming experience, educational level and income significantly influenced the respondents’ level of awareness on flood disaster adaptation strategies. It is recommended that Farmers should be encouraged to participate in agricultural extension services which will educate them on the effects of climate change and adaptation strategies such as insurance cover; respondents should be sensitized by the extension agents on the early sign of flooding and different adaptation mitigating strategies to mention but a few.
LIVING INCOME ASSESSMENT OF NON-FARMING AND FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED COMMUNITIES OF BICHI LGA OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Tafida, I.  , Nazifi, B.
Published: October 2024

The study examined the living income among farming households and non-farming household in selected communities of Bichi LGA of Kano State, Nigeria. Eighty (80) household’s heads consisting of non-farming and farming households heads were selected using multistage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics and linear regression model were used for data analysis. less than half (40%) of the respondents were within age range of 31-41 years. Majority (70%) of them had household size of 1-13 persons. Non-farming household (100%) are more formally educated than the farming household (50%) in the study area. More than half (55.0%) of the non-farming household  were engage in administrative work, teaching (27.5%) and farming (7.5%) activities as source of income. Meanwhile only (27.5%) of farming household engaged in other business activities apart from farming as a source of income.  Non-farming household (22.5%) reported having worst financial difficulties while only 14% of farming household reported it. The two categories have an average living income of ₦100,950 and ₦48,350 for non-farming household and farming household respectively. The living income of the households generally was found to be significant and positively influenced by Age of the household head, primary occupation and secondary occupation at (P<0.05), (P<0.1) and (P<0.1) respectively. Insufficient income source, small land holdings, and harvest failures were major factors constraining income of the households. Given the fact that this study concludes more income among non-farming households. Efforts should be made to increase income of the both households in the study area in order to improve both primary and secondary sources of income as well as increase unit productivity of their land holdings.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FIVE DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL BROILER CHICKENS FEEDS IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS
Authors: Lidani, R.Y.  , Egbo, M. L.  , Muhammad, A. S.  , Jama’a, N. A.
Published: October 2024

The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Animal Production, ATBU Bauchi, to study the effects of five industrial feeds on the growth performance, carcass yields and cost benefit of broiler chickens. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the five diets in a completely randomized design (CRD) with forty five (45) chicks per diet in three replicates of fifteen (15) chicks each. Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum and the feeding trial lasted for 6 weeks. The proximate compositions of the selected feeds indicated that all of the feeds meet the nutritional requirements of broiler chickens. The crude protein contents of the starter feeds ranges from 19 to 23  and that of finisher ranges between 17 to 20. Results of starter phase showed high significant difference (P<0.01) on daily feed intake (65.29-75.15g) and daily weight gain (40.99-53.86g). However, daily feed intake at finisher phase were highly significant (P<0.001) with values ranging between 157.10 - 177.74g on diets D1 and D2 respectively. Also, the overall performance showed a significant (P<0.05) difference on feed conversion ratio (1.60-1.94). There is no significant (P>0.05) difference on most of the carcass parameters except on lungs weight (0.48-0.69%) and abdominal fat (0.71-156%) which were significant at P<0.05 and P<0.001 respectively. The best feed cost per kg gain of ₦852.37 was obtained on D5 with the highest total weight gain (2.91kg). Based on the result of this study, industrial feeds enhanced growth performance and carcass yield without negative impact on broiler birds. However, D5 was most economical and recommended for poultry producers in the study area.
COST REDUCING AND PROFIT ENHANCING EFFECTS OF SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION UNDER INPUT AND OUTPUT ENDOGENEITY IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Egwuma, H*.  , Siéwé, F.  , Ojeleye, O. A.  , Dutse, F.  , Nwahia, O. C.
Published: October 2024

The study analyzed the cost and profit efficiency causal effect of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Bakolori Irrigation Scheme (BIS), Zamfara State. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 300 rice farming households in BIS, consisting of 40 (15%) and 260 (85%) adopters and non-adopters of SRI. Primal cost and profit systems and endogenous switching regression (ESR) models were used to achieve the research objectives. The findings reveal that under farmers’ cost minimization and profit maximization objectives, price of fertilizer, price of agrochemicals, amount of credit received and distance to rice plots significantly influenced adopters’ cost and profit efficiency. Similarly, the cost and profit efficiency of non-adopters were primarily determined by the price of organic fertilizer, agrochemicals and the distance to rice plots. Results further showed that SRI use reduced the excess cost in rice production by about 5.3% and the profit loss by about 40%. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that more efforts should be harnessed by the government and research institutes in scaling up the testing and promotion SRI technology across other States of the economy in order to significantly reduce the current deficit of rice and for financial empowerments in rural areas. Extension agents should be used extensively in the process of dissemination of the technology.
SUSTAINABLE PALLIATIVE PROGRAMMES FOR REDUCING THE IMPACT OF CORONA VIRUS PANDEMIC ON FOOD INSECURITY OF CROP FARMERS IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Fagam, A. S.
Published: October 2024

The research was conducted to determined sustainable palliative programmes for reducing the impact of corona virus pandemic on food insecurity of crop famers in Taraba State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; describe socio-economic characteristics of the crop farmers, determine impactful effects of corona Virus on production efficiencies of the crop farmers and to describe constraints facing the crop farmers before and during the corona virus pandemic. Data for this research were collected using a structured questionnaires administered to 3,000 maize and rice farmers selected via a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analysed the data collected. The results revealed that majority (64%) of the crop farmers in the study area were males while 54.00% of the respondents were married. The result revealed also revealed that before COVID-19 pandemic, 75% of maize farmers operated on full time basis but during the COVID-19, only 26% operated on full time basis. However, similar trend occurred among the rice farmers where 85% of the farmers were into full time operation before the COVID-19, but only 47% operated during the COVID-19 period. Similarly, maize farmers had an average farm size of 2.30 ha while rice farmers had 2.91ha before the pandemic, but due to lockdown and difficulty in engaging labourers, the average farm size was reduced to 1.03ha and 1.24ha respectively during the outbreak of the pandemic. The major constraints posed by Covid-19 on maize and rice production farmers were; reduction in farm income due to the lockdown (3.72*), inadequate transport facilities to move rice output to the market (3.61*) and fewer hours used in the farm (3.58*). The study conclude that Covid 19 had negative effects on both maize and rice farmers in the study area during the lockdown. The study recommends that Covid-19 protocols should be educated to the maize and rice farmers in the study area in order for them to carry out their maize and rice farming without hindrances.
UTILIZATION OF SWEET POTATO PEEL MEAL IN THE DIETS OF JAPANESE QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Daniel, C. A.  , Abubakar, M.  , Sanusi, M.
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted to investigate utilization of sweet potato peel meal (SPPM) as a dietary component in Japanese quails. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) mixed sex of twoweek-old Japanese quails were used. The treatments consisted of five (5) diets to replace maize with SPPM at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, these were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated three times with 15 quails per replicate. The result revealed a significant (P<0.05) difference in final body weights, with T1, T2, and T3 exhibiting higher final weights compared to T4 and T5. Similarly, weight gain and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were more favorable at lower SPPM Level (up to 50%). Feed and water intake increased with higher SPPM Level. Dressed weight varied significantly (P<0.05), with T1 (0%) showing the highest dressed weight of 132.60 g, which was statistically similar to T2 (25%) and T3 (50%). The total feed consumption increased with higher SPPM level, while feed costs decreased, indicating potential economic benefits. Economic efficiency was highest (17.54%) in 0% and lowest (10.41%) in 100%. The study concluded that incorporating SPPM up to 100% in quail’s diets promotes optimal growth performance, efficient feed utilization, and acceptable egg production without compromising economic returns. It is recommended that up to 50% SPPM can be included in the diets of growing quails to achieve optimal growth and feed efficiency.
UTILIZATION OF VARYING PROPORTIONS OF UREA-TREATED MAIZE COBS AND GROUNDNUT HAULMS IN THE DIETS OF GROWING YANKASA RAMS
Authors: Maikeke, H. M.  , Abubakar, M. M.  , Egbo, M. L.
Published: October 2024

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of growing Yankasa Rams fed varying proportions of ureatreated maize cobs and groundnut haulms. Sixteen (16) Yankasa Rams were randomly allocated to four (4) treatments with four Rams per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD) for a period of ten weeks (70days). Four experimental diet were formulated with varying proportions of urea-treated maize cobs (UTMC) and groundnut haulms (GH) at the ratio of MC10:40GH, MC20:30GH, MC30:GH10 and MC30:20GH respectively. The result of the study revealed a Significant (P<0.05) difference in total weight gain, daily weight gain and total feed intake with treatment one (1) having the highest values (4.60,65.71) respectively. Similarly, nutrients digestibility significantly (P<0.05) differed across the treatment except for dry matter. All values for haematological and biochemical parameters fell within the normal range for healthy animal. conclusively, treating maize cobs and groundnut haulms with urea up to 50% in the diets did not show any adverse effect on Yankasa Rams. Based on the result of this study, including maize cobs and groundnut haulms at 10% to 40% in the diets of growing Yankasa Rams is recommended.
Filling the Biodiversity Dark Spots: Announcing the Asia Nature Challenge
Authors: Edmunds Scott
Published: October 2024

GigaScience Press is

helping CitizenScience.Asia mobilise Citizen Scientists Across Asia for a groundbreaking biodiversity initiative from October 18 to 27 2024.
Sociology in the hunt for dark matter
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: October 2024

Who we give prizes to is more a matter of sociology than science. Good science is a prerequisite, but after that it is a matter of which results we value in the here and now. Results that are guaranteed to get a Nobel prize, like the detection of dark matter, attract many suitors who pursue them vigorously. Results that come as a surprise can be more important than the expected results, but it takes a lot longer to recognize and appreciate them.