bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA TEORÍA DE LA PARIDAD DEL PODER ADQUISITIVO INTRAPAÍS: EL CASO DE 46 MUNICIPIOS DE MÉXICO, 1995-2012
Authors: Gómez Monge Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

El objetivo principal del presente artículo es analizar la traslación de losconceptos que se desarrollan en la Teoría de la Paridad del Poder Adquisitivo(TPPA) al comportamiento de cuarenta y seis municipios de México.Para lograr lo anterior, en un primer apartado se describirán algunas delas aplicaciones que ha tenido esta teoría a lo largo del tiempo, para enuna segunda sección definir el marco hipotético que se desarrollará; en untercer bloque se mostrarán los resultados obtenidos; finalmente, se resumenalgunas de las principales conclusiones a las que arriba esta propuesta.
LA SITUACIÓN DEL RECURSO HÍDRICO EN MÉXICO, EL CONSUMO INTERNO, MEDIANTE AUTOPRODUCCIÓN. UNA ALTERNATIVA ECONÓMICA EN LOS OOAPAS
Authors: Villazán Olivarez Francisco José , Villazán Morales Natalia , Rodales Trujillo Ma. Hilda
Published: February 2025

El servicio de agua potable, drenaje, alcantarillado, tratamiento ydisposición de sus aguas residuales está regulado en el artículo 115 de laConstitución, en el que se establece que éste es de competencia municipal.Los organismos operadores de servicios de agua potable, alcantarilladoy saneamiento en México presentan deficiencias significativas parael cumplimiento adecuado de sus objetivos. El sector agua potable,alcantarillado y saneamiento del Estado de Michoacán se encuentraadministrativamente desorganizado e indisciplinado y, la tecnificaciónen la producción y distribución se encuentra rezagada con relación a laque se utiliza en otras entidades federativas como Nuevo León, DistritoFederal, Estado de México, Baja California, entre otras. En la granmayoría de los Organismos Operadores de Agua Potable, Alcantarilladoy Saneamiento Municipales de Michoacán, su principal deficiencia laconstituye el vacío administrativo que posee, mismo que no lo beneficiaeconómica ni operativamente, y además le impide ser competitivo. Enel mercado estatal existe la oportunidad de proponer que los organismosoperadores de agua potable, alcantarillado y saneamiento en los centros ynúcleos de población de las zonas urbanas y rurales implementen alianzasestratégicas de cooperación para la prestación de estos importantísimosservicios mediante convenios y contratos que para tal efecto se celebrenentre organismos operadores municipales cercanos (Intermunicipales) oentre organismos operadores municipales en zonas limítrofes del Estadoque así lo permitan (Interestatales), esta oportunidad dependerá de la competitividad que se logre para incrementar la oferta en la distribución,manejo eficiente y precio del recurso. El Organismo Operador Municipal,carece de una organización funcional que le impide ubicarse en un nivelcompetitivo, por lo que están interesados en invertir en programas deinvestigación con el objeto de aprovechar la oportunidad de crecimientoque en la actualidad se le presenta y así obtener presencia competitiva. Porconsiguiente, El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar laproblemática que presentan los organismos operadores de agua potable,para satisfacer las necesidades de su planta productiva y no depender deotras empresas como su alternativa de solución.
ANÁLISIS DEL PROGRAMA GANADERÍA POR CONTRATO EN MÉXICO
Authors: Zorrilla Ríos José Manuel , Palma García José Manuel
Published: February 2025

Se presenta una evaluación mediante la técnica de análisis del discurso alPrograma de Ganadería por Contrato en México ofertado en el 2010 porla dependencia de Apoyos y Servicios de Comercialización Agropecuaria(ASERCA) de la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural,Pesca y Alimentación, realizada por miembros de Universidades Públicasparticipantes en la Red Académica Carne de Bovino. Se señala que elganadero proveedor de becerros de 100 vientres o menos tipificado como“pequeño” recibe escasos beneficios dentro del Programa quedando enla práctica fuera de él. El esquema especulativo de cotización en la bolsainternacional con la adquisición de posturas no contribuye a la integracióndel sector ganadero con el finalizador, incumpliendo objetivos primordialesdel Programa. La estructura del Programa resulta en un oxímoron al reunirconceptos con sentidos opuestos: equidad y discriminación; integracióny sectorización; sustentabilidad e incertidumbre presupuestal; culturade mercados y especulación, condición re-vertible si dicho Programa sepresentará como un subsidio a estratos de finalizadores de ganado bovinoen confinamiento de un tamaño y nivel tecnológico operativo alto. Lapersistencia del Programa está supeditada a la disponibilidad anual defondos federales y en cuya ausencia, el esquema carece de elementossuficientes y eficientes para crear una verdadera cultura de integraciónauto-sustentable.
Contenido
Authors: Marín Leyva René Augusto
Published: February 2025

Contenido
APLICACIÓN DE LA TEORÍA DE AFINIDADES Y LÓGICA DIFUSA EN LA CONFORMACIÓN DE AGRUPAMIENTOS EFECTIVOS
Authors: Alfaro Calderón Gerardo G. , Alfaro García Víctor G. , Gómez Monge Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Una de las principales problemáticas en la conformación de un clúster es la elección de los integrantes del mismo. La suspicacia de los miembros en la no obtención de resultados esperados es una complicación latente al mo­mento de conformar grupos. Aunado a ello, la aparición del oportunismo de algún(os) de sus integrantes debido a que lo beneficios resultarán a largo plazo y la perdida de ventajas competitivas a corto plazo al compartir sus experiencias, disminuyen la falta de confianza en el clúster. De acuerdo a la literatura, en estos casos es altamente recomendable identificar aquellos miembros que demuestren un mayor grado de similitud o afinidad entre ellos, garantizando así el éxito del funcionamiento del clúster. En este do­cumento presentamos una aplicación haciendo uso de recursos derivados de la lógica difusa y la teoría de afinidades, para agrupar destinos turísticos altamente afines. Los resultados presentan seis grupos de miembros muy relacionados que podrían realizar clústeres efectivos. La originalidad del trabajo reside en la intuitiva metodología presentada, que une los bene­ficios del Algoritmo de Pichat y las herramientas de lógica difusa con el fin de disminuir la incertidumbre en el proceso de toma de decisiones y optimizar los métodos de agrupamiento actuales que son impulsados prin­cipalmente por enfoques de prueba y error.
Update on long-term outcomes of a cohort of patients with TCF3::HLF positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with blinatumomab and stem cell transplantation
Authors: Zeckanovic Aida , Mouttet Brice , Vinti Luciana , Ancliff Philip , Brethon Benoît , Cario Gunnar , Elitzur Sarah , Hazar Volkan , Kunz Joachim , Möricke Anja , Stein Jerry , Yaman Yöntem , Buechner Jochen , Hjort Magnus Aasved , O’Connor David , Hodder Angus , Bartram Jack , Alten Julia , Barbaric Draga , Escherich Gabriele , Boissel Nicolas , Vasseur Loïc , Clappier Emmanuelle , Farnault Laure , Bonnet Sarah , Patrick Katharine , Schrappe Martin , Anak Sema , Baruchel André , Locatelli Franco , Stanulla Martin , Von Stackelberg Arend , Bodmer Nicole , Bourquin Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2025

Not available.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections following teclistamab in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ho Matthew , Paruzzo Luca , Minehart Janna , Voruganti Teja , Devi Pooja , Vogl Dan T , Cohen Adam D , Garfall Alfred L , Waxman Adam J , Kapur Shivani , Stadtmauer Edward A , Adaniya Sandra Susanibar , Longworth Sarah
Published: February 2025

Not available.
Dexamethasone added to induction and post-remission therapy in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: a multicenter, phase II trial (DEXAML-02)
Authors: Bertoli Sarah , Bérard Emilie , Peterlin Pierre , Guieze Romain , Desbrosses Yohan , Hicheri Yosr , Benbrahim Omar , Carre Martin , Orvain Corentin , Banos Anne , Bernard Marc , Gyan Emmanuel , Saad Alain , Chebrek Safia , Guepin Gabrielle Roth , Dorvaux Veronique , Sanhes Laurence , Gallego-Hernanz Maria Pilar , Exbrayat Carole , Vincent Laure , Himberlin Chantal , Simand Célestine , Vey Norbert , Fenoll Cindy , Mineur Ariane , Huynh Anne , Vergez Francois , Luquet Isabelle , Largeaud Laetitia , Delabesse Eric , Pigneux Arnaud , Récher Christian
Published: February 2025

Not available.
Multinational cohort study of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with brain metastases receiving anticoagulation
Authors: Hamulyák Eva N. , Wang Tzu-Fei , Kreuziger Lisa Baumann , Iyengar Varun , Carney Brian J. , Hoeben Ann , Özdemir Berna C. , Serrano Rosana D. Cordova , Sanfilippo Kristen M. , Rozenblatt Shira , Beenen Ludo F.M. , Yust-Katz Shlomit , Halperin Erez , Arad Ariela , Lubetsky Aharon , Carrier Marc , Massat Benjamin , Büller Harry R. , Spectre Galia , Zwicker Jeffrey I. , Leader Avi
Published: February 2025

Not available.
Comment on: Multimorbidity, comorbidity, frailty, and venous thromboembolism
Authors: Zervou Maria I. , Goulielmos George N.
Published: February 2025

Not available.
Pengaruh Variasi Fraksi volume dan Tekanan Terhadap Daya Serap Air Dengan Matrik PVA (Polivinil Asetat)
Authors: Arliansyah Arul , Yuliyanto Yuliyanto , Idiar Idiar
Published: February 2025

Wood as the main raw material in making furniture causes the need for wood to increase while in its processing almost 30% of wood is wasted into waste just like that. In overcoming these problems, it is necessary to conduct research for the utilization of waste used for wood processing. Limited equipment in the manufacturing process becomes an obstacle to be one of the causes in the development of particle board products into a household industry. This research tried to make particle board with simple tools. This study used several parameters, namely 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, d and pressures of 7kg, 5kg, 3kg. The test results obtained the physical properties of wood dust composites with the Pva matrix, the lowest value was obtained at a variation of 80:20 pressure 7kg of 17.528% and the highest value at a variation of 60:40 pressure 7kg 117.237%. That the use of more matrices can inhibit water absorption is evidenced by micro photos at the 80:20 variation where the audience is no more than 25%. In the 60:40 variation, the use of more powder causes the glue bonding in this variation not to cover the powder as a whole like the 80:20 variation. Therefore, absorption at 60:40 is greater than at 80:20.
Pengaruh Suhu, Waktu dan Ukuran Aktivasi Fisika Limbah Cangkang Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) Terhadap Perubahan pH air Di Polman Babel
Authors: Gunawan Herri , Subhan Muhammad , Barmawai Ramli , Ary Wahyudie Ilham
Published: February 2025

The increase in the amount of blood clam (Anadara granosa) production of 445.13 tonnes per year resulted in an increase in the potential for solid waste from their processing. This study utilizes waste from blood clams as a material for making adsorbents because the shells of these clams contain high CaCO3. The manufacture of adsorbents in this study uses physical activation intending to expand the surface in influencing the pH value of water in Polman Babel. The research method used in this research is Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental design used in this research is the Box-Behnken design with 3 factors. The variables used in this study are temperature, time, and size. The temperatures used are 500℃, 600℃, and 700℃. The time used is 120 minutes, 240 minutes, and 360 minutes. The sizes used are 100 mesh, 150 mesh, and 200 mesh. The results in this study show that the optimal value of pH is found at a temperature of 345 ℃, a time of 6.4 minutes, and a size of 130.67. The resulting response of the second-order equation is convex with the optimal point at the maximum point. Based on the results of the research analysis shows that the influential independent variable is size.
Optimasi Parameter Proses 3D Printing Terhadap Transparansi Filamen Pla Menggunakan Metode Taguchi
Authors: Yeyen Yeyen , Zulfitriyanto Zulfitriyanto , Pristiansyah Pristiansyah
Published: February 2025

3D printing technology is the latest innovation in the world of technology. At the beginning of 3D Printing, technology was known as  additive layer. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology has been used as rapid prototyping or rapid prototyping with polymers. rapid prototyping with polymers with the material is a filament. filament. The working principle with the FDM step is the layer-by-layer method that uses components such as heat-erosion layer by layer method that uses components such as the heat-er nozzle in this section used to melt the filament that is heated in the process of making the 3D Printer prototype with Fused deposition modeling Ender model with a build size of 180 mm x 300 mm x 300 mm and a single nozzle is used to make research objects using a nozzle with a diameter of 0.4 mm. heater nozzle with a diameter of 0.4 mm, and the filament used is Polylactic Acid (PLA) which is 1.75 mm in diameter, the results of this test are to transparency test using a transparency testing tool, the Lux Meter. In this study using the Taguchi method to produce a more optimal response. where the process parameters such as nozzles, temperature, print speed, and print speed have been determined. temperature, print speed, bed temperature, layer thickness, and temperature-based plate in this study the resulting test Transparency level the highest was 223.667 and the lowest was 100.667 which is where this test using transparent PLA filament, the results of this study will be used for the manufacture of cup products.
Analisis Kekasaran Permukaan Pemotongan Sisi Gerak Melingkar pada CNC Milling
Authors: Andika Wendy Putra , Husman Husman , Yunus Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Minimal Surface Roughness results are the desired goal in the CNC Milling machining process for circular motion side cutting with the right machining process parameters in order to obtain minimal workpiece Surface Roughness response results. This study was conducted in order to obtain parameters that contribute greatly to surface roughness and determine the effect of parameter variations on the LAGUN MC 750 CNC milling machine using the Taguchi research method. The machining process parameters varied were spindle speed (2,400 RPM, 3000 RPM), depth of feed (0.2 mm, 0.4 mm) and feeding movement (clockwise, counterclockwise) using S45C steel material. The results of this study show that minimal roughness results are obtained with a spindle speed of 2400 RPM, a depth of feed of 0.2 mm, and a counterclockwise feeding movement.
Analisis Pengaruh Penggunaan Arang Aktif Dari Cangkang Melo – Melo (Bailer Shell) Sebagai Media Penurunan Derajat Keasaman Pada Air Limbah Pencucian Timah
Authors: Dzuljalali Muhammad , Ary Wahyudie Ilham , Reza Amril
Published: February 2025

Polluted tin washing wastewater can be neutralized using activated charcoal made from clam shells. Clam shells are one of the materials that have a very high CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) content and are very effective in being used as an active charcoal material. Shells that have gone through the combustion process will become CaO (Calcium Oxide) and can become alkaline when dissolved with H2O (water) will produce Ca(OH)2 (Calcium Hydroxide) which is alkaline so that it can increase the pH quality of tin washing wastewater. Activated charcoal which has more open pores due to the combustion process, makes it stronger to absorb acid levels in tin washing wastewater in Air Nyatoh Village. In this study using the Taguchi method with Nominal is Best characteristics, the desired pH is pH 7.5 using matrix L9 (34) with factors namely Activated Charcoal Weight, Activated Charcoal Size, and Settling Time. Activated charcoal in this study uses Melo - Melo Clam Shells (Bailer Shell) that have been activated. After conducting the testing process, water that was originally at pH 4.0 experienced an increase to an average pH of 7.41. This is closer than the desired pH. Based on the calculations in this study, the weight of activated charcoal has an F Value of 23.56 and the size of activated charcoal has a value of 24.28. Both factors are the same - both have an influence on the increase in pH, while the deposition time has a value of 7.0 and has no effect on the increase in pH when measured against the F Table 5%, namely with a value of 19.00.
Implementasi Teknologi Image Processing Untuk Identifikasi Pengukuran Bobot Ikan Hias Dalam Penentuan Jumlah Pakan
Authors: Fardiyatulh Mauliana , Samara Harry , Irwan Irwan , Yudhi Yudhi
Published: February 2025

Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) is a beloved ornamental fish among enthusiasts. In the care of Goldfish, feeding plays a crucial role in supporting their growth, thus the feed provided must correspond to the size, quantity, and nutritional content required by the fish. One way to determine the appropriate amount of feed is by measuring the fish's weight. However, conventional measurements may suffer inaccuracies due to several factors, such as the observer's skill level and the tendency of fish to move. The aim of this research is to develop a system capable of determining the feed amount for the fish based on their weight. In this study, the Author utilizes image processing technology using image segmentation techniques to measure the weight of ornamental fish in determining the appropriate feed quantity. Based on test results, this system can measure weight by simultaneously placing Goldfish in an aquarium, resulting in length accuracy of 88.57%, width of 86.18%, and weight of 86.61%, determining feed quantity at 85.87% accuracy with a feed difference of 1.64 grams. Meanwhile, measuring individual fish/tails produces length accuracy of 92.96%, width of 77.15%, and weight of 94.12%, as well as feed quantity determination at 99.43% accuracy with a feed difference of 0.08 grams.
Perancangan Aplikasi Smart Fence Menggunakan Visual Studio Code Berbasis IOT
Authors: Harmie Hasya Akhlaqah , Diza Dwi Putra Rahmattian , Josi Ahmad , Afriansyah Riki
Published: February 2025

The development of the Internet of Things facilitates the integration of devices with the environment by providing networking capabilities to systems. This research focuses on an IoT-based Smart Fence monitoring system that will be capable of remote monitoring and control through an Android application. The system also enables voice control, enhancing accessibility and user convenience in specific situations. The research methodology centers around quantitative methods, where the researcher collects data from the system after conducting tests. The tests yield varied results, including an average signal speed of 46.74 Mbps, an average voice recognition rate of 75%, an average system operation time (via buttons/voice) of 9.71 seconds with a success rate of 66.67%, and application Testing with an average time of 2.13 seconds and a success rate of 71.43%. Based on the system's trial results, it is observed that the system's performance can be categorized as quite good. The system encounters challenges, especially in implementing the system in English, with values indicating failures in Testing. This research is expected to improve the efficiency of IoT-based fence control and has the potential for further development to support the advancement of IoT technology.
Indigenizing the Curriculum in the Classroom: A Modest ‘How to’ Blueprint
Authors: Kotsovilis Spyridon
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a modest ‘how to’ guide for Political Science educators with a series of recommendations across a range of curricular, pedagogical, research and professional development categories expanding from the classroom outwards. Besides proposing new and incorporating existing suggestions, this is meant as a repertoire that classifies, structures, and illustrates them with examples in ways that can render them tangible steps of an action plan that one can pursue systematically.
Att hålla lärobubblan hel
Authors: Stahlberg Katrin , Lago Lina
Published: February 2025

Denna text beskriver ett ULF-projekt som handlar om att freda lektionerna. Att elever ska ha tillgång till sin lärare vid undervisningstillfällen borde vara självklart. En tillgänglig lärare ska ha fokus på sina elever och vara koncentrerad på lektionsinnehållet. Det här utvecklingsprojektet tog dock sin utgångspunkt i det motsatta, det vill säga att eleverna upplevde att det fanns många avbrott vilket påverkade undervisningen och deras tillgång till sin lärare.
PIWI proteins and piRNAs: key regulators of stem cell biology
Authors: Claro-Linares Fernando , Rojas-Ríos Patricia
Published: February 2025

In this mini review, we discussed the functional roles of PIWI proteins and their associated small RNAs, piRNAs, in regulating gene expression within stem cell biology. Guided by piRNAs, these proteins transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally repress transposons using mechanisms such as the ping-pong amplification cycle and phasing to protect germline genomes. Initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster, the piRNA pathway regulate germline stem cell self-renewal and differentiation via cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Precisely, in GSCs, PIWI proteins and piRNAs regulate gene expression by modulating chromatin states and directly influencing mRNA translation. For instance, the PIWI protein Aubergine loaded with piRNAs promotes and represses translation of certain mRNAs to balance self-renewal and differentiation. Thus, the piRNA pathway exhibits dual regulatory roles in mRNA stability and translation, highlighting its context-dependent functions. Moreover, PIWI proteins are essential in somatic stem cells to support the regenerative capacity of highly regenerative species, such as planarians. Similarly, in Drosophila intestinal stem cells, the PIWI protein Piwi regulates metabolic pathways and genome integrity, impacting longevity and gut homeostasis. In this case, piRNAs appear absent in the gut, suggesting piRNA-independent regulatory mechanisms. Together, PIWI proteins and piRNAs demonstrate evolutionary conservation in stem cell regulation, integrating TE silencing and gene expression regulation at chromatin and mRNA levels in somatic and germline lineages. Beyond their canonical roles, emerging evidence reveal their broader significance in maintaining stem cell properties and organismal health under physiological and pathological conditions.
EEG as a neural measure of hypoxia-related impairment
Authors: Otto Stephanie R. , Borden Cammi K. , McHail Daniel G. , Blacker Kara J.
Published: February 2025

Ambient oxygen decreases with increasing altitude, which poses a primary threat to aviators known as hypoxic hypoxia. Decades of research have shown that hypoxia impairs cognition, but the neurophysiological bases for these effects remain poorly understood. Recent advances in neuroscience have permitted non-invasive observation of neural activity under controlled hypoxia exposures and have begun to uncover how the brain responds to hypoxia. Electroencephalography (EEG) in particular has been used to explore how electrical activity produced by networks of cortical neurons changes under hypoxia. Here we review studies that have explored how hypoxia affects prominent EEG brain rhythms as well as responses to specific events or stimuli in the time and frequency domains. Experimental conditions have varied widely, including whether hypoxia exposures were normobaric or hypobaric and the range of equivalent altitudes and durations of exposures. Collectively, these studies have accumulated support for a variety of candidate neural markers of hypoxia impairment spanning sensory and cognitive domains. Continued research will build on these findings to leverage emerging technologies in neuroscience and further our understanding of how hypoxia affects cognition and associated neural activity.
From classroom to screen: a cross-sectional study on medical students’ first experiences with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khojasteh Laleh , Karimian Zahra , Nasiri Elham , Sharifzadeh Sedigheh , Farrokhi Majid Reza
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Following the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most universities around the world transitioned from in-person classrooms to online learning methods. This study aimed to explore the initial experiences of medical students with e-learning during the pandemic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran, as well as to identify differences in students’ general perceptions based on their demographic characteristics.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 507 medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. To gather information for this study, a questionnaire created by the researchers was used, which consisted of six variables and 26 items on a Likert scale. The content validity of the questionnaire was assessed using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The reliability of the questionnaire, based on the internal consistency of the questions, was confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha of 97.5%. Data were analyzed using a one-sample t-test, independent t-test, ANOVA, and MANOVA.

Results

Students had satisfactory e-learning experiences, and the average of e-learning components was: technological facilities (4.29 ± 1.13), technical support (4.00 ± 1.08), e-content quality (3.84 ± 1.05), synchronous education (3.59 ± 1.31), asynchronous education (3.73 ± 1.20), and teacher-student interaction (3.63 ± 1.32). Students’ perceptions of the e-learning environment were shown to be substantially connected to their age, access to electronic devices, computer proficiency, prior experience regarding e-learning, and the school in which they are studying, respectively (P = 0.027). Furthermore, students who had access to a computer were more satisfied than those who only had access to a mobile phone (P < 0.001). In medical schools where teacher-student interaction was better, more satisfaction was observed (P < 0.001). The gender factor had no effect on students’ views.

Conclusion

Even though it seems like e-learning can be a good substitute for or complement to face-to-face training, the most important thing that makes this method more effective is the interaction between the teacher and the students.
Exploring the landscape of entrepreneurship in Pakistan: a comparative analysis of perceptions, challenges, and the need for psychoeducational interventions in the academic sector
Authors: Mehboob Khurram , Ali Muhammad , Hassan Noor , Mehboob Zeeshan , Mushtaq Muhammad Faisal , Ullah Rana Hamad , Zahid Akhtar Muhammad , Tariq Muhammad Akram , Parveen Khalida , Mehboob Riffat
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Entrepreneurship in Pakistan is steadily growing, significantly impacting on economic development and job creation, despite facing several challenges. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of students and faculty members about entrepreneurship in public and private universities in Pakistan. It also sought to evaluate the barriers and motivational factors promoting entrepreneurship among these universities.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a comprehensive questionnaire was utilized to collect data. A total of 213 individuals from different disciplines took part in the study. This study examines the similarities and differences in the views of faculty members and students toward entrepreneurship by using SPSS 25.

Results

In terms of motivation, 72% of private sector participants cited income satisfaction as a key factor, compared to 58% in the public sector. The proportion of participants willing to apply for funding for entrepreneurial support was 68%, predominantly among private sector participants (75% vs. 61%). Access to training programs was reported by 62%, but private universities provided 35% more institutional support. The results of the chi-squared test revealed that institutional business courses, startup funding, and funding applications were significantly correlated in public and private sectors. Key risks identified included a lack of access to funding (42%), inadequate workforce skills (37%), and limited market opportunities (29%). Fresh graduate entrepreneurial failures were attributed to lack of experience (43%) and market adaptability (33%). The study also highlighted the connection between entrepreneurial activities and mental health issues, including frustration, burnout, and a lack of motivation for business. Both groups showed similar perceptions regarding business potential and suggested mentorship as a key area for improving entrepreneurship.

Conclusion

The study suggests that promoting entrepreneurship in Pakistan should focus on targeted interventions through the initiation of psychoeducational training, networking opportunities, and mentorship. Additionally, these policies should identify the sectoral issues they aim to solve while incorporating mental health policies to create a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem. Extending the study to include various industries and stakeholders will be another direction for future research to improve policy and practice.
Evaluation of the planting performance for planting substrate using the SQI-CRITIC combination model based on the least squares method
Authors: Wang Ning , Xia Dong , Duan Xiaoming , Zhao Bingqin , Xu Wennian
Published: February 2025

Background

To improve the scientificity of the evaluation results of the planting performance of the Yellow River sediment based on planting substrate.

Methods

This study replaced the natural soil with Yellow River sediment, used cement as the cementing material, added different proportions of organic matter and amendment of habitat material to prepare planting substrate based on the Yellow River sediment, and carried out experiments by using oats and proposed a combined SQI-CRITIC combined weighting calculation method based on the least square method for its evaluation.

Results

The results showed that (1) different proportions of cement and amendment of habitat material led to significant variations in the planting performance of the planting substrate based on Yellow River sediment: among the 5# mix ratio, the plant height (12.5 cm) and biomass (3.06 g) of oats reached extreme values. Photosynthetic rate (1.97 μmol∙m−2∙s−1) and transpiration rate (0.25 mmol∙m−2∙s−1) were significantly higher than the other fitness ratio components (P < 0.05), while the stomatal width (87.03 μm) was the largest and stomatal density (19.6%) was the lowest (P < 0.05). (2) The results calculated by the SQI-CRITIC combination model based on the least square method are scientific and effective, more accurate and in line with the actual situation. (3) The comprehensive analysis recommended the use of a quality mix ratio (mixture of sediment, amendment of habitat material, organic matter, cement = 100:3:12:4) in ecological restoration to achieve the best plant growth and ecological restoration effect.

Conclusion

The experimental results can be extended to more areas that need to use sandy soil for ecological restoration, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for soil quality evaluation, soil and water conservation control, and ecological construction in the Yellow River Basin.
Impact of war on the environment: ecocide
Authors: Wirtu Yohannes Desalegn , Abdela Umer
Published: February 2025

This paper reviews the militaristic consequences on Mother Earth and in particular ecocide or the mass degradation of the biological forms in regards to war. Wars are recorded from the ancient Egyptian dynasty to the modern era, and all are left concerning effects on mother nature such as deforestation, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and water, and air pollution. Some conflicts that are especially noted are the Vietnam War, Gulf War, and contemporary wars in Ukraine which are considered as examples of ecocide in today’s context. To provide a clearer understanding of our methodology, we employed a comprehensive literature review approach. This involved systematically analyzing existing studies that document the environmental impacts of warfare across various historical and contemporary conflicts. We categorized the findings based on specific environmental consequences, such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, and pollution. Additionally, we incorporated case studies from significant wars to illustrate patterns of ecocide. The paper looks at how environmental hazard is performed through wars such as direct environmental destructive activities like bombings migration of populations and their needs and socio-economic pursuits. Legal instruments especially those at the international level and international environmental law concerning ecocide as a developing crime are also examined for the problem of ecological injustice. Finally, the review looks at rehabilitation and reconstruction measures including community-based efforts like reforestation and the restoration of ecosystems. The paper finally ends by advocating the threats of international ecocide by calling for international cooperation and treaties on ecocide and no environmental degradation in post-war countries.
Characteristics, pathogenic and therapeutic role of gut microbiota in immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Yao Kaijin , Zheng Lingqian , Chen Wenmin , Xie Yina , Liao Chunling , Zhou Tianbiao
Published: February 2025

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent glomerulonephritis in the world, and it is one of the leading causes of end-stage kidney disease. It is now believed that the pathogenesis of IgAN is the mesangial deposition of immune complex containing galactose-deficient IgA1, resulting in glomerular injury. Current treatments for IgAN include supportive care and immunosuppressive therapy. A growing number of studies found that the gut microbiota in IgAN was dysregulated. Gut microbiota may be involved in the development and progression of IgAN through three main aspects: destruction of intestinal barrier, changes in metabolites and abnormal mucosal immunity. Interestingly, therapies by modulating the gut microbiota, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic treatment, probiotic treatment, Chinese herbal medicine Zhen Wu Tang treatment, gluten-free diet, and hydroxychloroquine treatment, can improve IgAN. In this review, the alteration of gut microbiota in IgAN, potential pathogenic roles of gut microbiota on IgAN and potential approaches to treat IgAN by modulating the gut microbiota are summarized.
Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Xiaolin , Gong Xue , Zhou Dong , Hong Zhen
Published: February 2025

Studies suggest that gut dysbiosis occurs in autoimmune neurological diseases, but a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence is lacking. Our aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the correlation between the gut microbiota and autoimmune neurological disorders to inform clinical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until 1 March 2024 for research on the correlation between gut microbiota and autoimmune neurological disorders. A total of 62 studies provided data and were included in the analysis (n = 3,126 patients, n = 2,843 healthy individuals). Among the included studies, 42 studies provided data on α-diversity. Regarding α-diversity, except for Chao1, which showed a consistent small decrease (SMD = −0.26, 95% CI = −0.45 to −0.07, p < 0.01), other indices demonstrated no significant changes. While most studies reported significant differences in β-diversity, consistent differences were only observed in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. A decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, was observed in individuals with autoimmune encephalitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis. Conversely, an increase in pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens, including Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella, was observed in these patients. Subgroup analyses assessed the confounding effects of geography and immunotherapy use. These findings suggest that disturbances of the gut flora are associated with autoimmune neurological diseases, primarily manifesting as non-specific and shared microbial alterations, including a reduction in SCFA-producing bacteria and an increase in pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023410215.
Efficacy and safety of first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with CTLA-4 inhibitor in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Huang Shanshan , Wu Jianyu , Lu Yanlan , Zou Yue , Zeng Haijian , Li Chunlan , Wang Jin , Zhang Xiaochen , Duan Siliang , Liang Weiming
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor with CTLA-4 inhibitor for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is presently a significant area of research, however its clinical application remains contentious. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with CTLA-4 inhibitor (CP) in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods

A systemic search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, and Web of Science) from their establishment until January 17, 2024, for randomized controlled trials that investigated the use of the first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus CTLA-4 inhibitor in patients with advanced NSCLC. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs) were subjected to meta-analyses.

Results

Totally 7 eligible randomized controlled trials including 4682 people were included. Two comparative analyses were performed: CP versus chemotherapy, CP versus PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor (P). Compared with the chemotherapy group, CP improved OS (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94, p<0.05) but not PFS (HR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.73-1.20, p = 0.63) or ORR (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.79-1.71, p = 0.45). In terms of toxicity, CP had slightly fewer any AEs compared to chemotherapy (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.97; p<0.05). Compared to the P group, there was no significant difference in OS (MD: -0,25, 95% CI: -2.47-1.98, p = 0.83), PFS (MD: -0.91, 95% CI: -3.19-1.36, p = 0.43), and ORR (OR:1.05, 95% CI. 0.80-1.36, p = 0.73). Subgroup analysis revealed that CP provided superior OS compared with P in patients with PD-L1 expression < 1%.

Conclusion

CP was a feasible and safe first-line therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC. Specifically, CP may function as a therapeutic alternative for individuals with low or negative PD-L1 expression, resulting in enhanced long-term outcomes compared to chemotherapy or P. Further randomized controlled trials with prolonged follow-up periods are necessary to validate these results, particularly focusing on efficacy in patients with differing PD-L1 expression levels, to improve the stratified implementation of immunotherapy.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024621116, identifier CRD42024621116.
Comparison of air-liquid interface transwell and airway organoid models for human respiratory virus infection studies
Authors: Ekanger Camilla T. , Dinesh Kumar Nilima , Koutstaal Rosanne W. , Zhou Fan , Beukema Martin , Waldock Joanna , Jochems Simon P. , Mulder Noa , van Els Cécile A. C. M. , Engelhardt Othmar G. , Mantel Nathalie , Buno Kevin P. , Brokstad Karl Albert , Engelsen Agnete S. T. , Cox Rebecca J. , Melgert Barbro N. , Huckriede Anke L. W. , van Kasteren Puck B.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Complex in vitro respiratory models, including air-liquid interface (ALI) transwell cultures and airway organoids, have emerged as promising tools for studying human respiratory virus infections. These models address several limitations of conventional two-dimensional cell line and animal models. However, the lack of standardized protocols for the application of these models in infection studies limits the possibilities for comparing results across different research groups. Therefore, we applied a collaborative approach to harmonize several aspects of experimental methodology between different research laboratories, aiming to assess the comparability of different models of human airway epithelium in the context of respiratory viral infections.

Methods

In this study, we compared three different models of human respiratory epithelium: a primary human bronchial epithelial cell-derived ALI transwell model, and two airway organoid models established from human airway- and lung-derived adult stem cells. We first assessed the presence of various differentiated cell types using immunofluorescence microscopy. Using a shared stock of influenza A virus, we then assessed viral growth kinetics, epithelial cytokine responses, and serum-mediated inhibition of infection.

Results

The presence of club, goblet, and ciliated cells was confirmed in all models. We observed similar viral replication kinetics with a >4-log increase in virus titre across all models using a TCID50 assay. Following infection, a reproducible antiviral cytokine response, including a consistent increase in CXCL10, IL-6, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2/3, and IFN-β, was detected across all models. Finally, neutralization was assessed by pre-incubation of virus with human serum. Reduced viral replication was observed across all models, resulting in a 3- to 6-log decrease in virus titres as quantified by TCID50.

Discussion

In conclusion, all three models produced consistent results regardless of the varying cell sources, culturing approaches, and infection methods. Our collaborative efforts to harmonize infection experiments and compare ALI transwell and airway organoid models described here aid in advancing our understanding and improving the standardization of these complex in vitro respiratory models for future studies.
Assessing the inflammation in pediatric MOGAD: Significance of CSF HMGB1 and related biomarkers
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhao Ruibin , Fan Jiayu , Liu Chong , Zhang Li , Yang Huafang , Wang Weiyi
Published: February 2025

Background and purpose

Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in children that can lead to demyelination. Evaluation and monitoring of biomarkers associated with its pathogenesis would provide vital information on disease progression and therapeutic assessment.

Methods

We assessed NLRP3, HMGB1, IL-6, and IL-33 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pediatric patients with MOGAD at different time points and their association with the risk of disease. We recruited 30 patients with MOGAD (20 in the acute phase and 10 in remission) and 10 control patients with noninflammatory demyelinating disease. The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) was used to assess disease severity.

Results

NLRP3, HMGB1, and IL-6 levels in the CSF were significantly higher in patients with MOGAD during the acute phase than in remission (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05) and the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, P < 0.01). HMGB1 levels were significantly correlated with NLRP3 levels (P < 0.01) during the acute phase. Moreover, we found notable correlation between HMGB1 levels and EDSS (P < 0.05) scores. IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with the total number of attacks (P < 0.05), but not with EDSS scores.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that NLRP3, HMGB1, and IL-6 in the CSF may be potential therapeutic targets and are at least partly involved in the pathogenesis of pediatric MOGAD. HMGB1 in the CSF may be a potential biomarker correlating with pediatric MOGAD severity. Further investigations are warranted to validate potential cytokine pathways between that NLRP3, HMGB1, and IL-6 of MOGAD.
Research progress of HIF-1a on immunotherapy outcomes in immune vascular microenvironment
Authors: Shi Shaoyan , Ou Xuehai , Liu Chao , Wen Hao , Ke Jiang
Published: February 2025

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays a key role in facilitating the adaptation of cells to hypoxia, profoundly influencing the immune vascular microenvironment (IVM) and immunotherapy outcomes. HIF-1α-mediated tumor hypoxia drives angiogenesis, immune suppression, and extracellular matrix remodeling, creating an environment that promotes tumor progression and resistance to immunotherapies. HIF-1α regulates critical pathways, including the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and immune checkpoint upregulation, leading to tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte dysfunction and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells like regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These alterations reduce the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies. Recent studies highlight therapeutic strategies that target HIF-1α, such as the use of pharmacological inhibitors, gene editing techniques, and hypoxia-modulating treatments, which show promise in enhancing responses to immunotherapy. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of action of HIF-1α in IVM, its impact on immunotherapy resistance, as well as potential interventions, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to circumvent hypoxia-driven immunosuppression in cancer therapy.
Larval anchovy and sardine dispersal patterns in South Africa’s exclusive economic zone
Authors: Rasehlomi Tshikana , Krug Marjolaine , Myksvoll Mari S.
Published: February 2025

Lagrangian dispersal models are valuable tools for understanding the transport mechanisms and distribution of larvae in space and time. These models primarily use high-quality physical oceanographic data from hydrodynamic ocean models to simulate the advection and connecting pathways of larvae. The paper seeks to achieve the following objectives 1) to establish the dispersal patterns of larval anchovies and sardines spawned in South Africa’s coastal marine protected areas (i.e., inshore of the 200 m isobath), and 2) to assess the impact of model resolution on the dispersal patterns by comparing outputs of a 3-km-grid coastal and regional ocean community model, and the 8-km-grid global ocean physics reanalysis product. We demonstrate that the model yields more structured patterns than sporadic patterns obtained from the global reanalysis. The model shows relatively shorter residence times (i.e., < 5 days) and transport confined to the inshore area of the Agulhas Current. The high variability of dispersals observed off the west coast is attributable to the significant differences in mean kinetic energy between the model and global reanalysis. This finding directly impacts transport and potential connectivity along coastlines: global reanalysis data overestimated local retention and subsequent recruitment variability. Our findings indicate that a model grid size of 3 km or smaller may be more appropriate for studying the dispersal patterns of anchovies and sardines in the South African coastal zone. These findings add to the growing knowledge of the importance of including sub-mesoscale processes in Lagrangian analysis for dispersal studies of coastal species.