bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative clustering and visualization of socioeconomic and health indicators: A case of 47 counties in Kenya
Authors: KORIR EVANS KIPTOO
Published: December 2023

Kenya as a country is still faced with uneven regional development seen across various economic sectors. The regions experienced inequalities in economic diversity, economic development infrastructure, human development levels, social structure and living conditions, as well as political representation and participation in decision-making. The aim of this article is to examine the dynamics of marginalization and regional inequalities in Kenya by grouping counties based on socioeconomic and health indicators. We also analyzed aggregated data from the World Bank country website, online publications, and county government websites. The data includes 24 variables and metrics describing counties; Fertility, mortality , social, education, population and development and access to social services. Principal component analysis was used to visualize socioeconomic similarities between counties and identify the indicators of maximum variation. Agglomerative hierarchical and K-means clustering were then used to identify county groups with similar socioeconomic and health performance. The grouped counties were then visualized on a geographic map. Five clusters were identified that may be useful to county and state governments in future plans to promote inclusive and sustainable economic development.
Exploring the Therapeutic Efficacy and Pharmacological Mechanism of Guizhi Fuling Pills on Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis and Network Pharmacology Analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Xinmin , Long Junzi , Gao Qian , Pan Mengyang , Yang Fangjie , Zhang Yasu
Published: December 2023

The roles of Guizhi Fuling Pills (GZFL) on the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) are still controversial, and its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of GZFL for IS and reveal the underlying mechanism using meta-analysis and network pharmacology methods. Eight electronic databases were searched up to November 20, 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.1 software. The chemical compounds of GZFL were obtained using TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, and ETCM, and their putative targets were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction database. IS-related targets were collected using DisGeNet, Genecards, and DrugBank. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed in the Metascape. Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDock Tools and PyMOL software. Compared with conventional medical treatment alone, GZFL plus conventional medical treatment could significantly improve the clinical total effective rate and NIHSS scores. The addition of GZFL also improved whole blood high shear viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, and plasma fibrinogen, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. The top key active compounds included quercetin, kaempferol, catechin, and beta-sitosterol, and SRC, MAPK1, TP53, JUN, RELA, AKT1, and TNF were main core targets. GO analysis mainly included regulation of ion transport, cellular response to lipid, and inflammation response. The core pathways were enriched in lipid and atherosclerosis, cAMP, calcium, IL-17, and MAPK signaling pathways. The key active compounds had good affinity with the core targets. This study showed that GZFL displays anti-inflammatory, anti atherosclerosis and neuroprotective effects for IS patients.
Reduced Deltex1 Expression in T Cells Indicates Increased Disease Activity in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Tsai Hung-Cheng , Liao Hsien-Tzung , Chen Wei-Sheng , Lai Chien-Chih , Sun Yi-Syuan , Hsu Tzu-Sheng , Chen Ming-Han
Published: December 2023

Background
Deltex1 is a transcriptional target of NFAT that promotes T cell anergy. However, whether Deltex1 affects the properties of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are involved in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), is unknown.
Methods
T cells were purified from peripheral blood using a negative selection method. Deltex1 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of Tregs-associated molecules and the cytokine positivity of CD4 + FoxP3 + Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry. The European League against Rheumatism Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and Patient- Reported Index (ESSPRI) were used to evaluate systemic disease activity and symptoms in pSS.
Results
Deltex1 expression in T cells was significantly lower in pSS patients than in age- and sex-matched healthy controls (p < 0.001). Deltex1 mRNA levels in T cells negatively correlated with visual analog scale scores for fatigue, ESSDAI, and ESSPRI (r = -0.334, p = 0.035; r = -0.364, p = 0.021; and r = -0.340, p = 0.032, respectively). Low Deltex1 levels correlated with some clinical manifestations of pSS, including immune thrombocytopenia, vasculitis, and autoimmune thyroiditis (p = 0.014, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively). The MFI of PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3 on Tregs and the percentage of interferon-γ +, interleukin (IL)-4+, IL-17A + Tregs were significantly higher in the low Deltex1 group (Deltex1/GAPDH ≤ 0.02) than in the high Deltex1 group (Deltex1/GAPDH > 0.02) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Deltex1 may affect the properties of Tregs; thus, it is a potential biomarker of disease activity in pSS.
Application of geophysical and geochemical techniques for prospection of sulfide ore minerals in Drosh-Kaldam Gol area, Chitral, Northern Pakistan
Authors: khan Azeem , Rehman Khaista , Ali Asghar
Published: December 2023

Ground magnetic and electrical self potential methods of geophysical exploration have been employed for sulfide minerals prospects at Drosh-Kaldam Gol area of district Chitral, northern Pakistan. The core objectives of the study were to map subsurface sulfide mineralization, analyze structural lineaments and their influence on mineralization, ascertain the depth of causative source bodies, pinpoint economically viable drilling prospects in the area and validate integrated geophysical interpretations by cross-referencing them with the geochemical findings and information obtained from the shallow boreholes. The self-potential tool served to qualitatively delineate lateral variances in the dispersal of shallow sulfide minerals, notably pyrite and chalcopyrite, by analyzing the differences in natural surface potential while magnetic tool was employed to map the lateral heterogeneities in the Earth's magnetic field, aiming to delineate the distribution of magnetically susceptible mineralization, including magnetite associated with sulfide mineralization, as well as to qualitatively map geologic structures like faults or fractures that influence the distribution of mineralization. The acquired geophysical data reveals a shallow and sporadic network of circular to semicircular magnetic discontinuities which is one of the characteristic of porphyry deposits which is further supported in places by low SP signatures that might represent a stock work of fractures/veins in the subsurface that could potentially be the target zones for sulfide mineral prospection in the area. Structural delineation using horizontal gradient map of magnetic method shows that the area is characterized by NE-SW trending structural lineaments i.e faults or fractures. Based on the analysis of self-potential and magnetic profiles, the average depth to the top of the anomaly sources in the study area ranging from near surface to 22.37 meters. To validate the results, two shallow boreholes were drilled in the study area which intersects disseminated and fracture filled sulfide mineralization within the uppermost 6 feet of the surface, with the potential for continued mineralization at deeper depths. Based on the insights derived from integrated analysis of geophysical responses, core drilling data and geochemical outcomes it can be inferred that sulfide mineralization in Drosh-Kaldam Gol region is governed by northeast-southwest trending fault or fracture systems and is intricately linked with dioritic-granodioritic intrusion, exhibiting characteristics akin to porphyry systems.
Development and validation of a nomogram for prognosis of bone metastasis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma：A retrospective study in the SEER database and China cohort
Authors: Huang Bo , Wang Wei-Dong , Wu Fang-Cai , Wang Xiao-Mei , Shao Bu-Qing , Lin Ying-Miao , Zheng Guo-Xing , Li Gui-Qiang , Liu Can-Tong , Xu Yi-Wei , Wang Xin-Jia
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, and individuals with both ESCC and bone metastasis (BM) often face a challenging prognosis that is difficult to predict. Our objective was to identify the risk and prognostic factors associated with BM in patients with ESCC and develop a nomogram for predicting Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS) following the occurrence of BM.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data pertaining to ESCC patients with BM registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015, as well as those treated at a Chinese institution from 2006to 2020. Clinicopathological features and significant prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival (CSS) were assessed through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Subsequently, a nomogram predicting CSS was developed utilizing the SEER database and externally validated using a real-world evidence from a Chinese cohort.
Results: A total of 266 patients from the SEER database and 168 patients from the Chinese cohort were included in the analysis. In the SEER cohort, the results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that chemotherapy, radiotherapy, liver metastasis, brain metastasis, and sex were independent prognostic factors for ESCC with bone metastasis. The prognostic nomogram developed in the SEER cohort demonstrated areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of 0.823, 0.796, and 0.800, respectively, for predicting 3-, 6-, and 12-month Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS).In the Chinese validation cohort, the nomogram exhibited acceptable discrimination ability (AUCs: 0.822, 0.763, and 0.727) and calibration.
Conclusion: This study has constructed and validated a prognostic nomogram for predicting the CSS of ESCC patients with bone metastasis. The nomogram could potentially serve as a valuable tool for assessing survival and aiding clinicians in making individualized treatment decisions.
Techné of Rock Engravings –the Timna Case Study
Authors: Dubinsky Lena , Grosman Leore
Published: December 2023

Traditionally, rock-engravings were studied through their visual characteristics. They have been analyzed with comparative and interpretative methodologies of iconography and iconology. However, there has been a recent shift towards identifying production processes, allowing reconstruction of operational characteristics through various methods. Nevertheless, the studies of the technological aspects focus on the operational and the mechanical, omitting the visuality of the outcome. No unified methodologies have been offered to both technological and visual perspectives. In the current paper we are using ArchCUT3-D software for computational analysis of 3-D data acquired from various rock-engravings located in Timna Park, southern Israel. We show how micro-morphological evidence, extracted from the engraved lines, can decode technical trends and variabilities in a technique’s particular implementation. Then, we conduct a focused examination of one group of engraved figures in order to establish a link between execution techniques and visual considerations. Based on our results and the following discussion, we suggest the term Techné to indicate the choice of technique that go beyond the instrumental or purely operative perspectives. We highlight the intentional choice, which design the visual rhetoric of the engraved marks and suggest cultural concepts that contrived the procedural processes.
Effects of Quasi-Steady Environment for PM2.5 Laser-based Monitoring System During Dry Season in Two Consecutive Years
Authors: Tomo Haryo , Dewi Kania , Lestari Puji
Published: December 2023

PM2.5 particulates are known to be air pollutant species that can be transported over long distances. The movement of PM2.5 in certain conditions is not only influenced by changes in microclimate, especially wind speed, wind direction and radiative transfer mechanisms, but also because of the nature of Brownian motion. In this paper, the behaviour of the presence of PM2.5 during the Dry Season will be presented in two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) where monitoring uses laser-based instruments. Monitoring is carried out in locations that have calm wind distribution characteristics that reach more than 60%, meaning that convective air mass movements occur in a minimum (quasi-steady) amount. By locating monitoring equipment at this location, it is expected to provide an overview of the PM2.5 concentration patterns both daily and monthly and prove the preposition that the two pollutant parameters are able to be present in locations that have quasi-steady conditions due to non-convective transport mechanisms.
Resilience of people with a history of mental disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international 2-years longitudinal prospective study
Authors: Pinucci Irene , Tedeschi Federico , Serra Riccardo , Patanè Martina , Acartük Ceren , Andriani Dhini , Bryant Richard A. , Burchert Sebastian , Caggiu Giulia , Campos Daniel , Conflitti Claudia , Davisse-Paturet Camille , Félez-Nóbrega Mireia , Fuhr Daniela , Hall Brian , Haro Josep Maria , Huizinik Anja , Knaevelsrud Christine , Kurt Gülşah , Lam Agnes , Leijen Ingmar , Mediavilla Roberto , Melchior Maria , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Compagnoni Matteo Monzio , Naser Morina , Nicaise Pablo , Palantza Christina , Panter-Brick Catherine , Papola Davide , Quero Soledad , Prada Cristina Rodriguez , Seedat Soraya , Setyowibowo Hari , Smith Pierre , Waerden Judith van der , Walter Henrik , Witteveen Anke , Pasquini Massimo , Sijbrandij Marit , Barbui Corrado , Tarsitani Lorenzo
Published: December 2023

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the global population was exposed to a significant psychological distress, however, subgroups of vulnerable individuals proved resilient throughout the pandemic. This study aims to identify predictors of long-term, sustained resilience among people with a history of mental disorder during the first two years of the pandemic.MethodsIn this international 2-year, 5-wave longitudinal online survey, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the PTSD Checklist DSM-5 were used for a proxy measure of psychological distress. As possible predictors of sustained resilience, we investigated socio-demographic characteristics, economic and housing status, pandemic-related issues, chronic diseases, social support, fear of contamination and personal values which were investigated respectively through the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Padua Inventory, and the Portrait Values Questionnaire. Data were analysed with a Mover-Stayer Latent Transition Analysis model.ResultsNine-hundred and forty-three participants with a mental disorder were included in the analysis. Variables associated with a higher chance of sustained resilience were older age, maintaining a job, and having more people in the household. In contrast, female gender, losing job, difficulty in meeting basic needs, higher fear of contamination, hedonism, less social support and loneliness resulted in a lower likelihood of being sustained resilient.ConclusionThis study identified factors that predict sustained resilience in people with mental disorders. The newly discovered predictors of sustained resilience could prove invaluable in developing strategies to enhance the resilience of people with mental disorders during times of crises, such as pandemics.
Autistic adults have insight into their relative face recognition ability
Authors: Gehdu Bayparvah Kaur , Press Clare , Gray Katie L. H. , Cook Richard
Published: December 2023

The PI20 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the presence of lifelong face recognition difficulties. The items on this scale ask respondents to assess their face recognition ability relative to the rest of the population, either explicitly or implicitly. Recent reports suggest that the PI20 scores of autistic participants exhibit little or no correlation with their performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test – a key measure of face recognition ability. These reports are suggestive of a meta-cognitive deficit whereby autistic individuals are unable to infer whether their face recognition is impaired relative to the wider population. In the present study, however, we observed significant correlations between the PI20 scores of 77 autistic adults and their performance on two variants of the Cambridge Face Memory Test. These findings indicate that autistic individuals can infer whether their face recognition ability is impaired. Consistent with previous research, we observed a wide spread of face recognition abilities within our autistic sample. While some individuals approached ceiling levels of performance, others met the prevailing diagnostic criteria for developmental prosopagnosia. This variability showed little or no association with non-verbal intelligence, autism severity, or the presence of co-occurring alexithymia or ADHD.
6Pgdh polymorphism in wild bulb mite populations - prevalence, environmental correlates and life history trade-offs
Authors: Unnikrishnan Pranav , Grzesik Szymon , Trojańska Magdalena , Klimek Beata , Plesnar-Bielak Plesnar-Bielak
Published: December 2023

Genetic polymorphism in key metabolic genes plays a pivotal role in shaping phenotypes and adapting to varying environments. Polymorphism in the metabolic gene 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6Pgdh) in bulb mites, Rhizoglyphus robini is characterized by two alleles, S and F, that differ by a single amino acid substitution and correlate with male reproductive fitness. The S-bearing males demonstrate a reproductive advantage. Although the S allele rapidly fixes in laboratory settings, the persistence of polymorphic populations in the wild is noteworthy. This study examines the prevalence and stability of 6Pgdh polymorphism in natural populations across Poland, investigating potential environmental influences and seasonal variations. We found widespread 6Pgdh polymorphism in natural populations, with allele frequencies varying across locations and sampling dates but without clear geographical clines. This widespread polymorphism and spatio-temporal variability may be attributed to population demography and gene flow between local populations. We found some correlation between soil properties, particularly cation content (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and 6Pgdh allele frequencies, showcasing the connection between mite physiology and soil characteristics and highlighting the presence of environment-dependent balancing selection. We conducted experimental fitness assays to determine whether the allele providing the advantage in male-male competition has antagonistic effects on life-history traits and if these effects are temperature-dependent. We found that temperature does not differentially influence development time or juvenile survival in different 6Pgdh genotypes. This study reveals the relationship between genetic variation, environmental factors, and reproductive fitness in natural bulb mite populations, shedding light on the dynamic mechanisms governing 6Pgdh polymorphism.
Portal Vein Pulsatility Pattern in Cirrhotic Patients with Portal Hypertension: A Tool to Assess Severity of Liver Disease in a Low Setting Tertiary Hospital; A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saha Tithi , Saha Akash , Kar Shourav Kanti , Shapla Sanchita Paul , Ferdousi Azrun , Rahman Motiur
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Liver Cirrhosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Simple parameters such as portal vein pulsatility index(PI) and complete spectral widening(CSW) have been observed in some studies to reflect early alterations in portal hemodynamics associated with the severity of liver disease.
Methodology:
It was a cross-sectional study, and a purposive non-probability sampling technique was used for selecting cases.
Results:
Among 33 patients with liver disease, 5 (15.2%) of them were in Child-Pugh class A, 10 (30.3%) in class B and 18 (54.5%) in class C. In the healthy group, 97.0% (32 of 33) had PI between 0.2–0.5 and 3.0% (1 of 33) had pronounced pulsatility > 0.5 whereas, in the cirrhotic patients, 63.6% (21 of 33) had PI between < 0.2 and 36.4% (12 of 33) had a pulsatility index between 0.2–0.5. The mean PI in Child-Pugh class A was 0.28 ± 0.11, in Child-Pugh class B 0.20 ± 0.03, and in Child-Pugh class C, it was 0.14 ± 0.05, indicating that the PI becomes lower with increasing severity of cirrhosis. Complete spectral widening (CSW) was present in 60.6% of patients with cirrhosis (20 of 33) and none of the healthy subjects in the control group (0 of 33).
Conclusion:
A decrease in the pulsatility index and the presence of complete spectral widening are valuable predictors of cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension, with alterations become significantly more pronounced as disease severity increases. However, this study could emphasize the role of duplex Doppler in recognizing disease in its early stages and determining disease severity in low setting tertiary hospital.
Is commuting a daily behavior? Rhythmic evidence as of France, 2019
Authors: Liang Kang , Leurent Fabien , Boënnec Rémy Le
Published: December 2023

Home to Work (H2W) commuting travel, together with urbanization and transport networks, have experienced much development since the end of the 19th century in both workers’ lives and transport networks’ traffic. The attraction of metropolises and the ease of transport have even triggered long distance commuting, sometimes in conjunction with overnighting practices that stretch the commuting tours (or cycles) beyond the day level. Based on the French nationwide household travel survey of 2019, this article gives a comprehensive description of commuting practices across origin-destination distance and along time as lived by individual workers at the month level. Commuting rhythms are characterized in terms of commuting cycle length in days and monthly frequency. Four typical patterns are exhibited, namely bi-daily, full daily, mono-daily and overnighting. Their respective shares are measured in the statistical populations (i) of workers, (ii) of days of life or just at work, (iii) of distances travelled on modal networks. Discrete-choice models of H2W rhythm choice are designed and estimated: the results show the influence of travel impedance in time and distance at the level of one-way trips for short range H2W and at the level of monthly budgets for long range H2W. Lastly, the shares of commuting trips in modal traffic on road and rail networks are measured, evidencing a significant contribution of long distance commuting to the GHG emissions of transport.
Long non-coding RNA Malat1 is essential for fine-tuning bone homeostasis through orchestrating cellular crosstalk and the β-catenin-OPG/Jagged1 pathway
Authors: Zhao Baohong , Qin Yongli , Shirakawa Jumpei , Xu Cheng , Chen Ruge , Ng Courtney , Nakano Shinichi , Elguindy Mahmoud , Deng Zhonghao , Prasanth Kannanganattu , Eissmann Moritz , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: December 2023

The annotation of lncRNAs is transitioning from original sequence recognition and functional screening in vitro to comprehensive functional and mechanistic studies in vivo, anchored in genetic evidence. This shift is crucial for definitively understanding the roles of lncRNAs, particularly in vivo contexts such as development, metabolism, homeostasis, and tissue remodeling. Contrary to the initial belief that Malat1 (metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is dispensable for mouse physiology due to the lack of observable phenotypes in Malat1 knockout (KO) mice, our study challenges and overturns this previous conclusion. We examined both Malat1 KO and conditional KO mice in the osteoblast lineage, and found that these mice exhibit significant osteoporosis. Our data further demonstrate that Malat1 emerges as a novel regulator impacting multiple cell types, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes, in bone homeostasis and remodeling. Mechanistically, Malat1 plays a dual role, promoting osteoblastic bone formation while suppressing osteoclastic bone resorption. Our findings substantiate the existence of a novel remodeling network in which Malat1 serves as a central regulator by binding to β-catenin. It orchestrates the β-catenin pathway, autonomously enhancing osteogenesis in osteoblasts while non-autonomously suppressing osteoclastogenesis through the β-catenin-OPG/Jagged1 axis in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Bone homeostasis is crucial to well-being but often overlooked. These discoveries establish the first paradigm model of Malat1 function in the skeletal system, providing novel mechanistic insights into how a lncRNA integrates cellular crosstalk and molecular networks to fine tune tissue homeostasis and remodeling.
LLaMALoop: Enhancing Information Retrieval in LLaMA with Semantic Relevance Feedback Loop
Authors: Tsai Hsiao-Ching , Kuo Chih-Wei , Huang Yueh-Fen
Published: December 2023

This paper introduces LLaMALoop, an innovative enhancement to the Large Language Model (LLaMA), through the integration of a Semantic Relevance Feedback Loop (SRFL). This enhancement addresses the challenge of dynamic and context-sensitive information retrieval, a limitation in standard language models reliant on static training datasets. The SRFL enables LLaMALoop to adapt in real-time to evolving user queries, refining its comprehension and response accuracy through continuous learning from user feedback. The study's experimental setup involves rigorous testing across several semantic tasks, demonstrating significant improvements in the model's ability to process and interpret complex linguistic structures and user intents. Notable advancements in Semantic Role Labeling, Word Sense Disambiguation, Textual Entailment, Frame Semantic Parsing, and Commonsense Reasoning are presented. While the SRFL enhances semantic processing capabilities, it also introduces computational trade-offs, particularly in processing time. Qualitative analysis further highlights the model's improved user interaction and adaptability. LLaMALoop sets a new benchmark in the adaptability and responsiveness of language models, paving the way for more user-centric, context-aware AI systems. The findings significantly contribute to the field of AI and LLM research, particularly in areas focusing on dynamic learning and user-centric model adaptation.
Metamorphosis of Metal Markets: Exploring Economic Adaptations in Renewable Energy Era
Authors: Reynolds Samantha , Reynolds Benjamin , Mitchell Ethan
Published: December 2023

This research looks at how the metal industry's finances have changed because of the move toward green energy sources. By talking to important people in the metal business in semi-structured interviews, the study tried to find out what changes, problems, and opportunities metal companies were facing during this time of transition. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used as a research method in this study. These interviews allowed for a full exploration of the experiences, perspectives, and strategic actions within the metal business. The interviews were then analyzed by theme, which gave us useful information about how businesses are changing their methods to meet the needs of green energy technology. The study's results show that the industry is paying more attention to important metals like lithium and rare earth elements that are needed for renewable energy uses. To keep up with the rising demand, this adaptability means big investments in changing the layout of production lines and looking into new ways to extract the material. It became clear that building a strong supply chain would be difficult in important ways. There are risks in the field because of changes in the market and tense political situations. For this reason, we need to look into different ways to get supplies and different types of stocks to make the supply chain stronger and more resistant to problems. The problems with the study come from the fact that it used a qualitative approach, which makes it hard to do more general numeric analyses. In addition, the study only shows how things changed during a certain time period. Basically, the research gives everyone in the field important information that helps them make strategic decisions, improve the supply chain, and enter new markets. When it comes to social impact, the industry's move toward green energy could lead to better sustainability and fewer negative effects on the environment. This study gives new information about how the metal industry's economy has changed because of the switch to green energy sources. This article gives a complete picture of how the industry is reacting and what might happen as a result. Still, the qualitative way might make it harder to draw broad conclusions, and the business needs to be watched over time to see long-term patterns.
Current understanding of the immunological basis of rheumatoid arthritis: from post-translational modification of proteins to the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
Authors: Hladkykh Fedir
Published: December 2023

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multietiological chronic systemic autoimmune disease associated with inflammatory joint damage and extra-articular processes in internal organs. RA is recognized as the most common autoimmune inflammatory arthritis with an incidence of 0.4% to 1.3% of the population.
Objective. Summarize current information on the immunopathogenesis of RA based on data from open sources of information.
Methods. The selection of publications that covered information about the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis was performed using the following keywords: systemic autoimmune diseases, RA, citrullination, carbamylation.
Results. RA is considered an immune-mediated disease with a strong genetic influence. An important role in the initiation of the development of RA is played by genetic factors and damage to the mucous membranes in the lungs, oral cavity, and gastrointestinal tract.. In response to the appearance of post-translationally modified (citrullinated/carbamylated) proteins, B-cells induce the production of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies – ACPA). Rheumatoid factor is another well-studied autoantibody involved in the development of RA. Given the complex role that dendritic cells play in the pathogenesis of RA, targeted therapies are being developed to block their immunogenic or enhance their tolerogenic functions. Dysfunction of fibroblast-like synoviocytes leads to synovial hyperplasia. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used to target inflammation and prevent disease progression.
Conclusions. Genetic predisposition and specific post-translational modifications of proteins play a significant role in the development of RA. The introduction of DMARDs and the prospects for the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives allows for the development of new effective treatment strategies to implement more effective control over this disease.
Factors Affecting the Consumer Behaviour of Gluten Sensitive Consumers – A Pilot Study
Authors: Zsigmond Tibor , Feher Lilla , Machova Renata , Kovacs Szilard
Published: December 2023

The aim of this research was to assess the consumption habits of gluten sensitive individuals and to determine the factors affecting them. Owing to the development of medicine and new technologies, gluten sensitivity has been revealed in an increasing number ofcases. In addition, changes in modern lifestyles, as well as associated harmful consumption habits and changes in the health environment, have increased the incidence of gluten sensitivity. In terms of these facts, it has become extremely important to examine the consumer habits of this segment. With the help of this, it is possible to learn about the influence of the disease on consumers. The present research was completed on the basis of 862 questionnaires received in the autumn of 2022; the respondents (without exception) were individuals suffering from gluten sensitivity from Slovakia and Hungary. Factor analysis was performed to identify the main factors affecting consumption. Based on the results of the present research people affected by the disease do not make decisions based on one factor alone during their purchases. The study found that the factors influencing the consumption habits of gluten-sensitive individuals can be classified into four groups: “common”, “conscious”, “healthy lifestyle” and “price”. There are additional influencing elements within these groups. Based on the results, a revision and adjustment of tools influencing the consumption of gluten-free products should be performed. Factors affecting the consumer behaviour of gluten-sensitive consumers should be grouped (“Common”, ”Conscious”, ”Healthy lifestyle” and ”Price”). The analysis showed that the majority of gluten-sensitive individuals strictly adhere to the needed diet, but it is not important for them where they obtain the individual foods or the ingredients for their preparation. The present research contributes to the understanding of the lifestyle of gluten-sensitive consumers and can provide a suitable basis for further research.
“Colônia com ciência”: a colônia de férias como estratégia de ensino de ciências e formação docente
Authors: TAVARES Mara Garcia , ARAÚJO João Marcos , TRAVENZOLI Natália Martins
Published: December 2023

Atividades extracurriculares fortalecem o papel social da universidade e promovem a troca de conhecimentos com a comunidade. Neste relato de experiência discutimos as atividades de duas colônias de férias realizadas com alunos dos 7º e 8º anos do ensino fundamental, em janeiro/2015 e julho/2016. As atividades incluíram visitas a museus e espaços de ciência, realização de experimentos, trilhas e gincana. Ao promover a integração, as colônias facilitaram a compreensão de conteúdos de ciências e o estabelecimento de relações de amizade entre os participantes. A maioria dos alunos avaliou as atividades como “excelentes” ou “ótimas” e demonstrou interesse em participar de iniciativas futuras. Os monitores afirmaram que participar das colônias foi uma experiência enriquecedora, com destaque à importância do trabalho em grupo. Os resultados sugerem que atividades fora do ambiente escolar são eficazes e promovem uma educação mais envolvente, além de enriquecer a formação de futuros professores.
New smart thermosensitive biomaterials on the basis of collagen modified by ethylene glycol vinyl glycidyl ether for 4D bioprinting
Authors: Farion I. A. , Buinov A. S. , Nikishina A. N. , Burdukovskii V. F.
Published: December 2023

In this study, collagen reactive under UV radiation was obtained for the first time via the functionalization of the side amino groups of lysine moieties with unsaturated ethylene glycol vinyl glycidyl ether (Vinylox) containing, similarly to glycidyl methacrylate, an epoxy group. The presence of this group having a moderate reactivity provides selective grafting of the side amino groups of collagen in a neutral or weakly alkaline medium and excludes the formation of by-products in the Michael reaction and hydrolysis characteristic of the analog—glycidyl methacrylate. Photometry data indicate that with modification in a weakly basic aqueous solution at room temperature and a significant excess of Vinylox, a grafting degree of 23.4% can be achieved. For the first time, film-forming composites capable of photocuring were obtained by adding polyethylene glycol diacrylate and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) to a weakly acidic aqueous solution of collagen. The presence of vinyl oxide groups provided satisfactory mechanical characteristics of films as the result of UV-initiated collagen cross-linking, while the presence of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ensured hydrophilic-hydrophobic smart sensitivity. The films have a well-developed fibrillar structure, and the size of voids enables the free movement of nutrients and other compounds. According to MTT assay data, the films release no cytotoxic components and maintain the metabolic activity of stem cells, providing sufficient density of stem cells on their surface. All of the factors mentioned above determine the prospects of using the films both as an artificial extracellular matrix scaffold and as smart thermosensitive scaffolds used to grow stem cells on their surfaces for subsequent laser transfer bioprinting.
Effect of growth medium composition on the viability and genetic stability of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. explants under in vitro cold storage conditions
Authors: Ivanova N. N. , Tsiupka V. A. , Korzina N. V.
Published: December 2023

Cultivation of plants at low positive temperatures is promising for the in vitro preservation of valuable Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. varieties. The study aims to examine the effect of chlorocholine chloride concentrations in a specialized medium on the viability and the physiological and morpho-anatomical parameters of chrysanthemum plants (Excel, Sheer Purple, and William Seward varieties), as well as their genetic stability after 12 months of cold storage under in vitro gene bank conditions. In vitro microshoot tips (without leaves) were placed on a 1/4 Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 60.0 g/L sucrose and 0.2–0.8 g/L chlorocholine chloride. The explants were stored in cooling chambers at a temperature of 4 °C. After 12 months of preservation, a reduction was observed in growth kinetics with increasing concentration of chlorocholine chloride in the medium. The viability of explants decreased from 96 to 91% at higher concentrations of chlorocholine chloride. The effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II decreased more than twice under cold storage conditions as compared to the control. Several histological features were identified in the leaves of in vitro explants cold-stored in the gene bank: decreased in leaf thickness and mesophyll density in leaf blades, degradation of palisade tissue, and a high degree of transpiration regulation. The SSR and ISSR analyses were used to show that the microshoots of the examined chrysanthemum varieties were identical to the original plants following in vitro cold storage. The conducted studies revealed that the presence of 0.6–0.8 g/L chlorocholine chloride in the medium reduces the growth kinetics of explants while maintaining their high viability and genetic stability.
Changes in the lipid composition of Peltigera canina at an elevated temperature
Authors: Valitova J. N. , Khabibrakhmanova V. R. , Gurianov O. P. , Uvaeva V. L. , Khairullina A. F. , Rakhmatullina D. F. , Galeeva E. I. , Trifonova T.  V. , Viktorova L. V. , Minibayeva F. V.
Published: December 2023

Extremophile organisms can survive under extreme conditions through tolerance mechanisms. Such organisms include lichens, which are symbiotic associations of fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria. Among other factors, the high stress tolerance of lichens can be attributed to their ability to synthesize a wide range of metabolites, including chemically diverse lipid compounds. Despite their obvious relevance, the biochemical mechanisms of stress tolerance in lichens that are mediated by changes in the lipid profile remain understudied. Peltigerous lichens constitute a separate division of lichens characterized by high growth rates and metabolic activity indices. Taking into account the temperate climate in which these lichens grow, it can be assumed that they may be highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. These factors led to the choice of Peltigera canina, epigeic lichen, as the subject matter of this study. The present work examined stress-induced changes in the redox status of P. canina, as well as changes in its lipid composition at an elevated temperature (40 °С). The exposure of hydrated lichen thalli to an unfavorable temperature led to an increase in the level of hydrogen peroxide, phenoloxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation, which constitutes an important part of stress response in lichen. The stress-induced changes in the redox status of lichen thalli stimulated an increase in lipophilic antioxidant agents: a dramatic increase in the level of α-tocopherol and an increase in carotenoids, specifically β-carotene. Thus, the accumulation of lipophilic antioxidants constitutes an important part of the lipid-mediated stress response of P. canina to temperature elevation.
Chemical composition of fiber and shive in bast-fiber crops and the products of their alkaline delignification
Authors: Korchagina A. A. , Gladysheva E. K. , Budaeva V. V. , Skiba E. A.
Published: December 2023

The present article examines the chemical composition of fiber and shive from fiber flax and hemp obtained in Russia under industrial conditions, as well as that of the products of their alkaline delignification. Alkaline delignification was carried out at atmospheric pressure with a 4% sodium hydroxide solution; the chemical composition was determined via wet analysis. The chemical composition of hemp shive from Russian producers was studied for the first time. In the studied objects, the mass fraction of cellulose was found to range from 42.3 to 66.1%, and after alkaline delignification, the yield of products reached 47.0–50.0%. The behavior of fiber flax and hemp fiber is similar during alkaline delignification: cellulose content increases by 1.2–1.3 times, pentosan content decreases by 4.3–6.3 times, and lignin content is virtually the same. The behavior of fiber flax and hemp shive is dramatically different during alkaline delignification. The shive of fiber flax is resistant to alkaline delignification: cellulose content increases by 1.4 times, pentosan content decreases by 4.2 times, and lignin content increases by 1.4 times, which is due to the nature of lignin. Hemp shive is easily alkaline delignified: cellulose content increases by 1.8 times; the content of pentosans decreases by 5.8 times, and lignin content decreases by 2.2 times; the product of alkaline delignification contains cellulose (87.3%), pentosans (5.4%), and lignin (8.2%). The use of hemp shive for chemical and biotechnological transformation is expected to have high prospects.
Erzurum un Karnavas Dut Pekmezi: Gastronomik Miras ve Coğrafi İşaretle Buluştuğu Noktada Gelenek ve Yenilik Arasındaki Diyalektik (Karnavas Mulberry Molasses of Erzurum: The Dialectic Between Tradition and Innovation at the Point Where Gastronomic Heritage Meets Geographical Indication)
Authors: DENK Erkan
Published: December 2023

Pekmez, Türk mutfağının tarihsel ve kültürel bir mirasıdır. Hem enerji verici özellikleriyle bilinir, hem de besin değeri bakımından zengindir. Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde, hem sıvı hem de katı formda üretimi gerçekleştirilen bu ürün, enerji sektöründen ilaç sanayiine, hayvan beslenmesinden gıda sektörüne kadar geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın odak noktası, Erzurum'un Ormanağzı (Karnavas) köyünde üretilen ve coğrafi işaret tescili almış olan Karnavas dut pekmezidir. Çalışma, Karnavas dut pekmezinin üretim süreçleri, özgünlüğü ve coğrafi işaretin getirdiği avantajlar ve zorluklar detaylı bir şekilde incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırma, nitel bir metodoloji benimseyerek, yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlarla köydeki pekmez üreticilerinin deneyimlerini, bilgilerini ve perspektiflerini derinlemesine ele almıştır. NVivo nitel veri analizleri sonucunda, pekmez üreticilerinin karşılaştığı zorluklar, tüketim alışkanlıkları, coğrafi işaretin önemi ve diğer birçok konu hakkında temalar ve alt temalar belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, gastronomi alanında çalışan araştırmacılar, politika yapıcılar ve uygulayıcılar için değerli bir kaynak olup, Karnavas dut pekmezinin korunması, tanıtılması ve sürdürülebilirliği için öneriler sunmaktadır. Ayrıca kültür ile pekmezin yok olmasının önüne geçilmesi için düzenleyici politikalar geliştirilmesini tavsiye etmektedir.
Bulut Bilişim Sanal Sunucu Ürün Seçiminde Çok Kriterli Bir Karar Destek Modeli
Authors: KOŞAR Onur , ATAK Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Bulut bilişim sunduğu servislerin yönetim kolaylığı ile sıkılıkla tercih edilen bir seçenek haline gelmiştir. Bulut Bilişim’de sunulan sanal sunucular müşterilerin ihtiyacına göre belirlenebilmektedir. Sanal sunucu seçenekleri arasından hedeflenen ürünün seçimi, seçenek sayısının fazlalığı ve bir arada değerlendirilmesi gereken kriterlerin çokluğu sebebi ile çok kriterli karar verme problemine dönüşmektedir. Bu çalışmada karar vericilerin sanal sunucu seçiminde kriter ağırlıklarının Entropi yöntemi ile belirlendiği ve seçeneklerin VIKOR yöntemi ile sıralandığı bir model önerilmiştir. Modelin etkinliği kriter ağırlıklarının uzman görüşü alınarak Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ile hesaplandığı durum ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Geliştirilen test ortamında Amazon EC2 ürün konfigürasyon sınırları arasında rastgele oluşturulan farklı müşteri talebi senaryoları uygulanmıştır. Önerilen yöntem ve kriterlerin uzman görüşü alınarak AHS ile hesaplandığı ve VIKOR ile sıralandığı yöntemlerin sonuçları karşılaştırılmış ve %81.21 oranında aynı ürünün önerildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bulut bilişime göç problemi kapsamında modelin yeterli teknik bilgiye sahip olmayan yönetim kademesindeki karar vericiler için alternatif bir seçenek olarak değerlendirilebileceği önerilmektedir.
PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DE MORTALIDADE POR DOENÇAS RESPIRATÓRIAS EM CRIANÇAS DE 0 A 4 ANOS DE 2015 A 2020
Authors: Araújo Larissa Dantas de , Morais Thiffany Nayara Bento de , Costa Roberta Leticia Pimentel da , Regis Karina de Oliveira , Andrade Fábia Barbosa de
Published: December 2023

Introdução: A maioria das doenças respiratórias se enquadram no grupo de causas evitáveis e, dessa forma, taxas elevadas de mortalidade em crianças são reflexo das condições de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, além de mensurar o acesso e qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar a mortalidade por doenças respiratórias em crianças menores de 0 a 4 anos de idade no Brasil, no período de 2015 a 2020. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com ênfase nas cinco doenças respiratórias mais evidentes em crianças de até 4 anos no Brasil, entre os anos de 2015 a 2020. Realizou-se coleta de dados pelo DATASUS, sendo utilizado o software Microsoft Excel© para subsidiar as etapas de processamento e análise. Resultados: A análise mostra a pneumonia como a principal causa de morte no país e, a partir da análise regional, a Região Norte possui taxas que excedem as demais regiões dentro do período observado. A mesma tendência é observada na análise das demais infecções respiratórias, porém é importante ressaltar o declínio da mortalidade em todas as variáveis e regiões observadas em 2020. Conclusões: Conclui-se que as maiores taxas de mortalidade entre crianças no Brasil ratificam a premissa de que as afecções respiratórias são diretamente proporcionais à vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, enquanto a cobertura vacinal e a disponibilidade de leitos contribuem na redução dos indicadores. Não obstante, em 2020 evidenciou-se queda abrupta decorrente das medidas preventivas do coronavírus e, a partir da menor procura por atendimento, maior probabilidade de subnotificação dos casos.