bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geen baan voor een Marokkaan?
Authors: Derous Eva
Published: August 2021

Are Moroccans less employable than Dutch? Taking a closer look at hiring discrimination upon resume-screening

Are Moroccans less employable than Dutch? Taking a closer look at hiring discrimination upon resume-screening

Anonymous resume screening is much debated in Dutch society. A policy capturing study among native, Dutch recruiters showed that Moroccan applicants suffered hiring discrimination on the basis of their ethic-sounding names as appearing on resumes. Moroccan males were discriminated more than Moroccan females and Dutch applicants, lending support for the subordinate male target-hypothesis. The amount of external client contact did not moderate findings but recruiters low in social dominance orientation discriminated less against Moroccans. Findings are discussed in the context of theories on social identity and impression formation. Implications for practice, like anonymous resume screening, are discussed.
Duurzame inzetbaarheid en een leven lang leren
Authors: van Vuuren Tinka , C.J. Caniëls Marjolein , H. Semeijn Judith
Published: August 2021

Sustainable employability and lifelong learning

Sustainable employability and lifelong learning

Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 24, November 2011, nr. 4., pp. 356-373.The objective of this study is to explore in what way age is related to employability, workability and vitality of workers, and whether these relationships are influenced by the lifelong learning as perceived by workers. We analyze data from a survey among 178 employees from Dutch primary schools. Results reveal that age and employees’ employability are positively related, but not age and workability or vitality. Lifelong learning is positively related to all three aspects of sustainable employment: employability, workability, and vitality. Finally, the interaction between age and lifelong learning showed significant effects for employability and workability. This means that older workers keep their employability and work ability, when they are interested in and perceive more possibilities for lifelong learning.
Het belang van ‘leader-member exchange’ (LMX) en situationele doeloriëntatie als voorspellers van job crafting
Authors: van Dam Karen , Nikolova Irina , van Ruysseveldt Joris
Published: August 2021

The importance of LMX and situational goal orientation as predictors of job crafting

The importance of LMX and situational goal orientation as predictors of job crafting

Research indicates that job crafting has positive outcomes such as higher performance and more commitment. Yet, we still know little about the antecedents of job crafting and the ways in which organizations can enhance job crafting activities. Previous studies suggest that job crafting more often occurs in challenging work environments. The present study investigated several aspects of challenging work situations as antecedents of job crafting: LMX and situational goal orientation. We predicted that employees in a high-quality LMX relationship would perceive more situational learning and performance goals and consequently would show more job crafting. The sample consisted of 260 employees from different organizations who filled out a questionnaire. The outcomes of a Structural Equation Modelling analysis supported the predictions to a large extend: employees reported more job crafting when they had a high-quality LMX relationship with their supervisor. This relationship was partly mediated by perceived learning and performance goals. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Diversiteitsinterventies en de binding van werknemers in de publieke sector
Authors: Celik Saniye , Ashikali Tanachia , Groeneveld Sandra
Published: August 2021

Diversity interventions and employee commitment in the public sector: The role of an inclusive organizational culture

Diversity interventions and employee commitment in the public sector: The role of an inclusive organizational culture

Previous research has shown that diversity interventions contribute to the commitment and retention of employees in the public sector. However, not much is known about possible mediating factors that explain this relationship. This study centres on the role of an inclusive organizational culture in the relationship between diversity interventions and commitment and retention of public sector employees. The results show that the relationship between interventions targeted at the organizational culture and commitment and retention of employees is indeed mediated by the inclusiveness of the organizational culture. This study confirms the relevance of targeting diversity interventions at the development of an inclusive organizational culture in order to maintain and effectively manage a diverse public sector workforce.
Innovatief werkgedrag als concept: definiëring en oriëntering
Authors: De Spiegelaere Stan , Van Gyes Guy , Van Hootegem Geert
Published: August 2021

The concept of Innovative Work Behavior: Definition and Orientation

The concept of Innovative Work Behavior: Definition and Orientation

Together with increased policy attention for innovation, a new behavioral concept is gaining popularity: Innovative Work Behavior (IWB). Although IWB is frequently used in empirical research, rarely is the attention focused on the concept itself. In this article we critically review the existing definitions and conclude that a fitting conceptualization is missing. On the basis of the available literature, we conclude that IWB is all about employee behavior, focused on the generation, introduction and/or application (within a role, group or organization) of new ideas, processes, products or procedures, intended to benefit the relevant unit of adoption. IWB is not exclusively extra-role behavior and can refer to both radical and incremental innovations. The IWB concept strongly overlaps with concepts like workplace creativity, intrapreneurship, organizational citizenship behavior, personal initiative, taking charge, and employee-driven innovation. Nevertheless, IWB is unique because of its exclusive focus on innovation in all its forms.
Het Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Model nader onderzocht: de rol van match, zelfregulerend gedrag en persoonskenmerken
Authors: van den Tooren Marieke , Van de Ven Bart , de Jonge Jan , Vlerick Peter
Published: August 2021

A closer look at the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Model: the role of match, functional self-regulation and personal characteristics

A closer look at the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Model: the role of match, functional self-regulation and personal characteristics

The Demand-Induced Strain Compensation (DISC) Model is a theoretical model for work stress and work motivation that aims to explain positive and negative consequences of the work environment on employee health and well-being. The model focusses on two crucial components of the work environment: job demands and job resources. The underlying principles of the DISC Model (multidimensionality, triple match, compensation, balance and functional self-regulation) and their validity and generalizability were studied in two doctoral theses. Further, possible expansions of the DISC Model, by investigating the role of personal characteristics (active coping style and regulatory focus), were studied as well. The current article summarizes both theses and, in this way, provides a state-of-the-art overview of theoretical and empirical research on the DISC Model. Empirical support was found for the triple-match principle which states that moderating effects will occur most often when there is a match between the type of job demand, the type of job resource and the type of work outcome under study. In addition, support was found for the functional self-regulation principle, whereas partial support was found for the added value of an active coping style. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications are provided and future research lines are suggested.
De nachtmerrie van elke werkgever
Authors: E. de Vries Reinout
Published: August 2021

Organisaties kunnen veel schade ondervinden van negatieve eigenschappen van werknemers, vooral als deze werknemers zich in belangrijke posities bevinden. In dit artikel worden drie zogenoemde 'nachtmerrietrekken' beschreven waar organisaties veel hinder van kunnen ondervinden, te weten: lage Integriteit, lage Consciëntieusheid en lage Verdraagzaamheid. Allereerst zullen de effecten van deze nachtmerrietrekken, de zogeheten 'Three Nightmare Traits' (TNT), afzonderlijk en in combinatie met de overige drie HEXACO-persoonlijkheidsdimensies besproken worden. Daarna zal met behulp van het 'Situatie-Trek-Opbrengst Activatie' (STOA) model uitgelegd worden hoe mensen situaties die bij hun persoonlijkheid passen selecteren (situatieactivatie), hoe sommige persoonlijkheidstrekken wel en andere trekken niet geactiveerd worden in situaties (trekactivatie) en wat voor opbrengsten er wel en niet geassocieerd worden met de activatie van de drie nachtmerrietrekken in deze situaties (opbrengstactivatie). Vervolgens zal met een uitgebreid Attractie-Selectie-Attritie (ASA) model de effecten van de TNT tijdens de loopbaan besproken worden, waarbij tevens een overzicht gegeven zal worden van de maatregelen die organisaties kunnen nemen om te voorkomen dat personen die minder integer, consciëntieus en verdraagzaam zijn, veel schade aan de organisatie zullen berokkenen.
Contractflexibiliteit in de publieke sector: een literatuurstudie
Authors: Dekker Fabian
Published: August 2021

De zekerheid van een ‘baan voor het leven’ in de publieke sector lijkt aan erosie onderhevig. Ook in de publieke sector hebben organisaties meer aandacht gekregen voor de flexibilisering van werk. In dit artikel wordt stilgestaan bij de effecten van contractflexibiliteit voor de arbeidstevredenheid, duurzame inzetbaarheid en het innovatievermogen van publieke organisaties. Onderzoek hiernaar is echter bijzonder schaars. Toch wordt een eerste aanzet gegeven om de relaties inzichtelijk te krijgen. Er wordt beargumenteerd dat de inzet van contractflexibiliteit in de publieke sector naar verwachting andere gevolgen heeft dan in de private sector. Nieuw onderzoek is van groot belang, zeker gezien de toegenomen aandacht voor een flexibele inzet van personeel binnen de publieke sector.
Implementasi J-Query Pada Aplikasi Monitoring Kehadiran Siswa Untuk Orang Tua Dengan Sms Gateway
Authors: D Bahgia , Winar Sri
Published: August 2021

Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi orang tua siswa adalah kekurangan waktu untuk mengawasi putra/putrinya karena kesibukan sehari-hari. Keluhan - keluhan ketika ingin mengakses informasi, seperti kesulitan untuk bertemu dengan wali kelas ataupun tidak sempat datang ke sekolah, dan lain sebagainya. Dengan adanya beberapa keluhan tersebut maka penulis ingin merancang suatu sistem yang dapat memudahkan wali murid dalam pengaksesan data informasi, yaitu sistem informasi yang dapat mengakses data kehadiran siswa. Sistem berbasis SMS yang menggunakan media telepon seluler dimaksudkan untuk dapat mempermudah, mempercepat sekaligus menghemat biaya dalam melakukan pengaksesan informasi yang dibutuhkan wali murid. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebu penulis membuat sebuah sistem monitoring bagi wali murid untuk melihat kehadiran anaknya di sekolah, sistem ini  dikembangkan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP, Jqueri dan Msyql. Sedangkan untuk perancangan penulis menggunakan diagram kontek, DFD dan ERD
Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Campak Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: Mahyuni Mahyuni , Munar Munar
Published: August 2021

Pengaruh perkembangan ilmu komputer telah menjamah berbagai bidang, contohnya saja pada  bidang  kedokteran,  militer  dan  lain-lain.  Mengingat  semakin  pesatnya  perkembangan teknologi  yang  semakin  maju  khususnya  dibidang  komputer,  maka  banyak  orang  yang memanfaatkan  komputer  sebagai  alat  bantu.  Tidak  ketinggalan  juga  termasuk  dalam  bidang kedokteran,  komputer  telah  masuk  didalamnya  sebagai  alat  bantu  untuk  mengerjakan  suatu pekerjaan  ataupun  melakukan  identifikasi  suatu  penyakit  tertentu  yang  memudahkan  pekerjaan manusia. Untuk  menentukan jenis  penyakit  dan  cara  penanggulangannya  serta  menggunakan  metode  Waterfall  untuk pengembangan  sistemnya.  Sistem  pakar  ini  juga akan menggunakan konsep Certainty Factor.  Aplikasi  ini  dibuat  dengan  menggunakan  bahasa  pemrograman  PHP  dan database  MySQL  sebagai  tempat  penyimpanan  data-data  yang  dibutuhkan  dalam  pembuatan aplikasi. Adobe Dreamweaver untuk desain Web. Penelitian  ini  menghasilkan  aplikasi  sistem  pakar  mendiagnosa  penyakit  campak  berbasis  web  sehingga  dapat  membantu  user  untuk  memperoleh informasi yang diinginkan. Penyusunan sistem pakar ini berupa user dan admin. Melalui sistem ini,  user  dapat  mengidentifikasi penyakit berdasarkan gejala-gejala yang menyerangnya. Sistem juga mempunyai  kemampuan  untuk  menambah,  mengupdate,  serta  menghapus  ciri  dan  gejala pada la beserta hasil konsultasi yang dilakukan oleh admin
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE MUNICIPAL MARKET OF CAUCAIA, CEARÁ
Authors: Kelly Sousa Rocha Alana , Arruda dos Santos Robson , Jeferson Sampaio Diogo Ivan
Published: August 2021

Since Brazil is one of the countries which generate more waste in the world and that organic waste represents more than half of this amount, this article aimed to evaluate the life cycle of solid waste in the City Market of Caucaia / CE, carrying out a study with a qualitative and quantitative approach, a descriptive nature and a bibliographic and documentary basis. Using two questionnaires, workes were interviewed, totaling 10 individuals. These individuals were asked about the generation, collection and destination of the waste produced. To understand the management of waste produced in the market, it was decided to interview the city hall technician responsible for the area. Most marketers deposit their waste in the open, do not know the final destination or ways of treating this waste and do not have access to selective collection. More than half of the waste produced has organic origin, however, there are wastes that need specific destination, such as batteries and electronics. Waste management is not very efficient and the city has no strategies. The results obtained show that the management and management of waste from Caucaia / CE still need to undergo some changes, mainly in relation to the destination and treatment of these, especially organic ones.
Anti-HIV activity of selected South African medicinal plants
Authors:   , Hurinanthan Vashka
Published: August 2021

South Africa has the largest number of people infected with HIV/AIDS. It also has more than 30 000 species of plants and many of these have a long tradition of medicinal use. It is highly likely that the treatment for HIV will come from this traditional knowledge. The need for effective preventative and therapeutic agents for HIV remains an urgent global priority. The aim of this study was to screen selected South African medicinal plants for anti-HIV activity and to identify and characterise an active compound from a plant that can be used for HIV treatment. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the roots, leaves, flowers and stems of thirty eight plant species (108 extracts) were screened for anti-HIV activity. The plants which had anti-HIV activity were further screened for anti-reverse transcriptase activity. Thirty-two extracts exhibited varying degrees of anti-HIV activity. Cleome monophylla, Dichrostachys cinerea and Leonotis leonurus aqueous leaf extracts had anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. The aqueous extracts of D. cinerea showed the best anti-HIV activity with a Selectivity Index of 43.5 and significant anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Crude phytochemical screening of D. cinerea showed that it had tannins, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids but did not contain any phlobatannins, terpenoids, steroids or phenols. D. cinerea displayed a high degree of free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 25 μg/ml, therefore the anti-HIV activity could be attributed to the flavonoids present in the plant. Bio-guided fractionation was used to isolate and purify the active compound from the D. cinerea extract. Compounds were isolated by thin layer chromatography and were tested for anti-HIV-1 and anti-reverse transcriptase activity. From these results the active compound was identified, and purified using preparative TLC. The active compound was characterised by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and Ultra Performance liquid chromatography coupled to MS/MS. Structural elucidation was performed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. From these results, it was deduced that the compound isolated from D. cinerea was a catechin. In this study we show that the catechins present in D. cinerea are responsible for the anti- HIV-I activity and inhibits the reverse transcriptase activity which is a key factor in the progression of HIV. Potentially, these results can be used to develop a new drug for the treatment of HIV or as a cost effective therapeutic agent in treating HIV-infected individuals with oxidative stress.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDIAL FUNCTION OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION IN MODERN SOCIETY
Authors: Ilganayeva Valentyna
Published: August 2021

The purposeof the article is to substantiate the factors and content of the evolutionary development of communication as a medial function in society.Research methods and techniques.Methodological integrity of the study of communication phenomena is achieved using a number of scientific approaches: historical-evolutionary, system-integration, process, teleological, which make it possible to carry out the necessary synthesis of knowledge about the functionality of social communication. They stimulate the processes of foundation,integration, generalization, innovation of scientific and cognitive activities in the social and communication sphere. The set of scientific approaches verifies theachievements of research in various scientific areas that use the communication principle to study social processes and influence the formation of an understanding of the unity of communication processes in society. Conclusions. It is proved that thedeepening of the study of communication phenomena is a systemic need to improve social interaction in society. It is noted that now a completely different systematic organization of communication interaction is being formed, which is due to the scale of the communication process in society. The social purpose of communication and the communication process is manifested through a system-regulatory function, which is provided by the structural form of communication processes and their content. The medial function of communication is aimed at ensuring the integration of society and humanity to achieve an equilibrium social interaction and the state of society as an integral system.
An Analysis of The Virus Behind COVID-19: A Surprise That Was Always Coming
Authors:   James Clemens High School,, Alapati Gitanjali
Published: August 2021

A deadly and mysterious virus that emerged at the end of 2019, called SARS CoV-2 (abbreviated for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Virus-2), which is responsible for the disease COVID-19, has now led to a state of international emergency and is at the forefront of global discussion (“Naming The Coronavirus.” n.d.).
Thinking of Russia: Finnish Neutrality after the Cold War and the Influence of Russian Neighborhood on Finnish Cooperation with NATO
Authors: Zimmermanová Lucie , Kříž Zdeněk , Doležalová Eva
Published: August 2021

In recent years, Finland has closely cooperated with NATO and Finnish politicians emphasize that Finland may consider joining the Alliance at any point. However, this step is unlikely in the foreseeable future. Russia’s aggressive actions abroad disconcert Finland; as this article shows, even after Russia’s war with Georgia and the breakout of the crisis in Ukraine, the situation is not deemed serious enough by the Finns for them to risk a serious deterioration of relations with their eastern neighbor. Rather than crossing the interests of Moscow, whose perception of the world Finland has been able uniquely to understand thanks to its historical experience, the country opts for a more complex, yet also safer, path of balancing between ever-closer cooperation with NATO, and maintaining the status of a non-member country.
Ethno-Religious Identity and Intergroup Relations: The Informal Economic Sector, Igbo Economic Relations, and Security Challenges in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Lenshie Nsemba Edward
Published: August 2021

Nigeria operates a multidimensional and complex system in which ethnicity and religion have found expression in a competitive environment to exclude other groups. This study aims to examine how ethnicity and religion underlie the hostility and violence in the economic relations between Hausa-Fulani and Igbo people in northern Nigeria. Using documented evidence, the study argues that economic relations between Igbo people and Hausa-Fulani ethnic group have remained unpalatable since the 1960s, and it is associated with the gregarious, assertive and domineering nature of Igbo people in the informal economic sector of northern Nigeria. Democratic revival in 1999 generated new dynamics of ethnic and religious intolerance against Igbo people, especially with the violent transformation of Boko Haram since 2009. Boko Haram violence not only scuttled businesses, but also led to the destruction of lives and properties in which Igbo people incidentally have been victims in most parts of northern Nigeria. Despite the security challenges Igbo people have remained to continue with their businesses in northern Nigeria.
Pseudo Neutrality in Intra-State Conflict: Myanmar’s Official Discourse on Rakhine
Authors: Houston Kenneth
Published: August 2021

Although the most recent manifestation of conflict in Rakhine can be traced to the coordinated attack on Myanmar security forces in August 2017 by Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (hereafter ARSA), it goes without saying that the problem has a longer history. For this paper a corpus of official Myanmar government sources was examined qualitatively using the critical discourse analysis (CDA) method. Within the official pronouncements of the Myanmar state since August 2017 we can discern the discursive strategies deployed to balance the competing pressures of national and international legitimation of the Myanmar government. In name and through action, Myanmar has marginalized the Rohingyas. However, beyond this obvious imperative additional and more subtle strategies have been deployed in Myanmar’s official discourse, which attempts to position the Myanmar state as a neutral arbiter in a subnational dispute and one that seeks to distance itself from previous political arrangements. The paper focuses on these other discursive strategies which evince conformity to undercurrents of socio-cultural pressures from grassroots extremist Buddhist actors within Myanmar. Ultimately, there is no escaping Official Myanmar’s responsibility for the status and plight of the Rohingya. The prognosis for external pressure to exert any normative influence on Myanmar will be limited. The official discourse betrays the ongoing attempts by the new government to balance these competing pressures at the expense of genuine neutrality and its responsibilities.
S. P. Huntington’s Civilizations Twenty-Five Years On
Authors: Slavíček Jan
Published: August 2021

The study is based on the concept of Huntington's civilizations. They were used as a methodological basis for an analysis of the changes in their geopolitical power between 1995–2020 with the following conclusions: 1) The large population growth of 1995-2020 has been driven primarily by African, Islamic and Hindu civilizations, 2) Economically, the unquestionable superiority of Western civilization has remained, although its share has declined. A large economic growth has been mainly seen in the Confucian and Hindu civilizations, 3) Of the core countries, the USA, Russia, and China match the status of superpowers, while for India it seems to be only a matter of time, 4) Most of the civilizations are economically highly compact and their compactness has increased over the last 25 years (except of African civilization) and 5) The Western, Hindu and Latin-American civilizations are politically highly compact. Conversely, the African, Islamic, Orthodox and Confucian civilizations show low cohesion. The Muslim civilization is the least compact – politically as well as economically. 6. The superpowers (United States, China, Russia and India) will remain or become the most important players in the multipolar world of the 21st century. However, it is a question whether the most important issue will be the relations of the Western and non-Western world or the mutual relations among the other three (actual or rising) superpowers.
Conceptualizing Soft Balancing Beyond Cold War. What’s Changed, What Remains the Same?
Authors: Larionova Mila
Published: August 2021

This article is a systematic inquiry into the nature and role of soft balancing in the contemporary theory and practice of international relations. By wading into the contentious debate concerning the place and legitimacy of soft balancing, the article explores the theoretical prominence of the concept and adds methodological content to the study. Thus, the research produces a quantitative corpus-based and thematic analysis of the existing soft balancing literature to demarcate the boundary of the concept. This approach enables the author to enhance conventional theorization and not only identify the main gaps within the existing studies but go beyond the popular post-Cold War era discussion. Additionally, this article addresses the question of how soft balancing is distinguished from other concepts in the balance of power theory. Ultimately, the study reveals that despite its theoretical and empirical potential, the soft balancing research agenda remains underdeveloped, largely due to the limitation in the empirical content. Precisely, the empirical studies are limited to balance of power rhetoric akin to hard vs. soft and its implications for the United States’ hegemonic power.
Measurement report: Three years of size-resolved eddy-covariance particle number flux measurements in an urban environment
Authors: Straaten Agnes , Weber Stephan
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Size-resolved particle number fluxes in the size range 10 nm <  particle diameter (Dp) < 200 nm were measured over a 3-year period (April 2017–March 2020) using the eddy covariance technique at an urban site in Berlin, Germany. The observations indicated the site as a net source of particles with a median total particle number flux of FTNC = 0.86 × 108 m−2 s−1. The turbulent surface-atmosphere exchange of particles was clearly dominated by ultrafine particles (Dp < 100 nm) with a share of 96 % of total particle number flux (FUFP = 0.83 × 108 m−2 s−1). Annual estimates of median FTNC and FUFP slightly decreased by −9.6 % (−8.9 % for FUFP) from the first to the second observation year and a further −5.9 % (−6.1 % for FUFP) from the second to the third year. The annual variation might be due to different reasons such as variation of flux footprints in the individual years, a slight reduction of traffic intensity in the third year or a progressive transition of the vehicle fleet towards a higher share of low-emission standards or electric drive. Size-resolved measurements illustrated events of bidirectional fluxes, i.e. simultaneous emission and deposition fluxes within the size spectrum, which occurred more often in spring, late summer and autumn than in winter. Multi-year observations of size-resolved particle fluxes proved to be important for deeper understanding of particle exchange processes with the urban surface and the pronounced influence of traffic at this urban site.
Aitken mode particles as CCN in aerosol- and updraft-sensitive regimes of cloud droplet formation
Authors: Pöhlker Mira L. , Zhang Minghui , Campos Braga Ramon , Krüger Ovid O. , Pöschl Ulrich , Ervens Barbara
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The high variability of aerosol particle concentrations, sizes and chemical composition makes their description challenging in atmospheric models. Aerosol–cloud interaction studies are usually focused on the activation of accumulation mode particles as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). However, under specific conditions Aitken mode particles can also contribute to the number concentration of cloud droplets (Nd), leading to large uncertainties in predicted cloud properties on a global scale. We perform sensitivity studies with an adiabatic cloud parcel model to constrain conditions under which Aitken mode particles contribute to Nd. The simulations cover wide ranges of aerosol properties, such as total particle number concentration, hygroscopicity (κ) and mode diameters for accumulation and Aitken mode particles.
Building upon the previously suggested concept of updraft (w)- and aerosol-limited regimes of cloud droplet formation, we show that activation of Aitken mode particles does not occur in w-limited regimes of accumulation mode particles. The transitional range between the regimes is broadened when Aitken mode particles contribute to Nd, as aerosol limitation requires much higher w than for aerosol size distributions with accumulation mode particles only. In the transitional regime, Nd is similarly dependent on w and κ. Therefore, we analyze the sensitivity of Nd to κ, ξ(κ), as a function of w to identify the value combinations above which Aitken mode particles can affect Nd. As ξ(κ) shows a minimum when the smallest activated particle size is in the range of the “Hoppel minimum” (0.06 µm ≤ Dmin ≤0.08 µm), the corresponding (w–κ) pairs can be considered a threshold level above which Aitken mode particles have significant impact on Nd. This threshold is largely determined by the number concentration of accumulation mode particles and by the Aitken mode diameter. Our analysis of these thresholds results in a simple parametric framework and criterion to identify aerosol and updraft conditions under which Aitken mode particles are expected to affect aerosol–cloud interactions. Our results confirm that Aitken mode particles likely do not contribute to Nd in polluted air masses (urban, biomass burning) at moderate updraft velocities (w≤3 m s−1) but may be important in deep convective clouds. Under clean conditions, such as in the Amazon, the Arctic and remote ocean regions, hygroscopic Aitken mode particles can act as CCN at updrafts of w<1 m s−1.
Spatial and temporal variations of CO2 mole fractions observed at Beijing, Xianghe, and Xinglong in North China
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhou Minqiang , Wang Ting , Yao Bo , Han Pengfei , Ji Denghui , Zhou Wei , Sun Yele , Wang Gengchen , Wang Pucai
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 mole fractions are observed at Beijing (BJ), Xianghe
(XH), and Xinglong (XL) in North China using Picarro G2301 cavity ring-down
spectroscopy instruments. The measurement system is described comprehensively
for the first time. The geographical distances among these three sites are within
200 km, but they have very different surrounding environments: BJ is
inside the megacity; XH is in the suburban area; XL is in the countryside on a
mountain. The mean and standard deviation of CO2 mole fractions at BJ,
XH, and XL between October 2018 and September 2019 are
448.4±12.8, 436.0±9.2, and
420.6±8.2 ppm, respectively. The seasonal variations of
CO2 at these three sites are similar, with a maximum in winter and a
minimum in summer, which is dominated by the terrestrial ecosystem. However,
the seasonal variations of CO2 at BJ and XH are more affected by human
activities as compared to XL. Using CO2 at XL as the background,
CO2 enhancements are observed simultaneously at BJ and XH. The diurnal
variations of CO2 are driven by the boundary layer height,
photosynthesis, and human activities at BJ, XH, and XL. We also compare the
CO2 measurements at BJ, XH, and XL with five urban sites in the USA, and it is
found that the CO2 mean concentration at BJ is the largest. Moreover,
we address the impact of the wind on the CO2 mole fractions at BJ and
XL. This study provides an insight into the spatial and temporal variations of
CO2 mole fractions in North China.
Absorption instruments inter-comparison campaign at the Arctic Pallas station
Authors: Asmi Eija , Backman John , Servomaa Henri , Virkkula Aki , Gini Maria I. , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Müller Thomas , Ohata Sho , Kondo Yutaka , Hyvärinen Antti
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Aerosol light absorption was measured during a 1-month field campaign in June–July 2019 at the Pallas Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station in northern Finland. Very low aerosol concentrations prevailed during the campaign, which posed a challenge for the instruments' detection capabilities. The campaign provided a real-world test for different absorption measurement techniques supporting the goals of the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) Black Carbon (BC) project in developing aerosol absorption standard and reference methods. In this study we compare the results from five filter-based absorption techniques – aethalometer models AE31 and AE33, a particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP), a multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP), and a continuous soot monitoring system (COSMOS) – and from one indirect technique called extinction minus scattering (EMS). The ability of the filter-based techniques was shown to be adequate to measure aerosol light absorption coefficients down to around 0.01 Mm−1 levels when data were averaged to 1–2 h. The hourly averaged atmospheric absorption measured by the reference MAAP was 0.09 Mm−1 (at a wavelength of 637 nm). When data were averaged for >1 h, the filter-based methods agreed to around 40 %. COSMOS systematically measured the lowest absorption coefficient values, which was expected due to the sample pre-treatment in the COSMOS inlet. PSAP showed the best linear correlation with MAAP (slope=0.95, R2=0.78), followed by AE31 (slope=0.93). A scattering correction applied to PSAP data improved the data accuracy despite the added noise. However, at very high scattering values the correction led to an underestimation of the absorption. The AE31 data had the highest noise and the correlation with MAAP was the lowest (R2=0.65). Statistically the best linear correlations with MAAP were obtained for AE33 and COSMOS (R2 close to 1), but the biases at around the zero values led to slopes clearly below 1. The sample pre-treatment in the COSMOS instrument resulted in the lowest fitted slope. In contrast to the filter-based techniques, the indirect EMS method was not adequate to measure the low absorption values found at the Pallas site. The lowest absorption at which the EMS signal could be distinguished from the noise was >0.1 Mm−1 at 1–2 h averaging times. The mass absorption cross section (MAC) value measured at a range 0–0.3 Mm−1 was calculated using the MAAP and a single particle soot photometer (SP2), resulting in a MAC value of 16.0±5.7 m2 g−1. Overall, our results demonstrate the challenges encountered in the aerosol absorption measurements in pristine environments and provide some useful guidelines for instrument selection and measurement practices. We highlight the need for a calibrated transfer standard for better inter-comparability of the absorption results.
Optimization of Aeolus Optical Properties Products by Maximum-Likelihood Estimation
Authors: Ehlers Frithjof , Flament Thomas , Dabas Alain , Trapon Dimitri , Lacour Adrien , Baars Holger , Straume-Lindner Anne Grete
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Explorer Mission, Aeolus, was launched in August 2018 and embarks the first Doppler Wind Lidar in space. Its primary payload, the Aeolus LAser Doppler INstrument (Aladin) is a Ultra Violet (UV) High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measuring atmospheric backscatter from air molecules and particles in two separate channels. The primary mission product is globally distributed line-of-sight wind profile observations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Atmospheric optical properties are provided as a spin-off product. Being and HSRL, Aeolus is able to independently measure the particle extinction coefficients, co-polarized particle backscatter coefficients and the co-polarized lidar ratio. This way, the retrieval is independent of a-priori information. The optical properties are retrieved using the Standard Correct Algorithm (SCA), which is an algebraic inversion scheme to a (partly) ill-posed problem and therefore sensitive to measurement noise. In this work, we rephrase the SCA into a physically constrained Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) problem and demonstrate predominantly positive impact and considerable noise suppression capabilities. These improvements originate from the use of all available information within the SCA in conjunction with the expected physical bounds concerning the expected range of the lidar ratio. The new MLE algorithm is equally evaluated against the SCA on end-to-end simulations of two homogeneous scenes and for real Aelous data collocated with measurements by a ground-based lidar and the CALIPSO satellite to consolidate and to illustrate the improvements. The largest improvements were seen in the retrieval of the extinction coefficients and lidar ratio ranging up to one order of magnitude or more in some cases due to an effective noise dampening.
Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) automatic weather station data
Authors: Fausto Robert S. , van As Dirk , Mankoff Kenneth D. , Vandecrux Baptiste , Citterio Michele , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. , Andersen Signe B. , Colgan William , Karlsson Nanna B. , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Korsgaard Niels J. , Larsen Signe H. , Nielsen Søren , Pedersen Allan Ø. , Shields Christopher L. , Solgaard Anne M. , Box Jason E.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) has been measuring climate and ice sheet properties since 2007. Currently, the PROMICE automatic weather station network includes 25 instrumented sites in Greenland. Accurate measurements of the surface and near-surface atmospheric conditions in a changing climate are important for reliable present and future assessment of changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet. Here, we present the PROMICE vision, methodology, and each link in the production chain for obtaining and sharing quality-checked data. In this paper, we mainly focus on the critical components for calculating the surface energy balance and surface mass balance. A user-contributable dynamic web-based database of known data quality issues is associated with the data products at https://github.com/GEUS-Glaciology-and-Climate/PROMICE-AWS-data-issues/ (last access: 7 April 2021). As part of the living data option, the datasets presented and described here are available at https://doi.org/10.22008/promice/data/aws (Fausto et al., 2019).
Modeling glacial and fluvial landform evolution at large scales using a stream-power approach
Authors: Hergarten Stefan
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Modeling glacial landform evolution is more challenging than modeling
fluvial landform evolution. While several numerical models of large-scale
fluvial erosion are available, there are only a few models of glacial
erosion, and their application over long time spans requires a high numerical effort. In this paper, a simple formulation of glacial erosion which is similar to the fluvial stream-power model is presented. The model reproduces the occurrence of overdeepenings, hanging valleys, and
steps at confluences at least qualitatively. Beyond this, it allows for a seamless coupling to fluvial erosion and sediment transport. The recently published direct numerical scheme for fluvial erosion and sediment transport can be applied to the entire domain, where the numerical effort is only moderately higher than for a purely fluvial system. Simulations over several million years on lattices of several million nodes can be performed on standard PCs. An open-source implementation is freely available as a part of the landform evolution model OpenLEM.
Added value of the EURO-CORDEX high-resolution downscaling over the Iberian Peninsula revisited. Part I: Precipitation
Authors: Careto João António Martins , Soares Pedro Miguel Matos , Cardoso Rita Margarida , Herrera Sixto , Guttiérrez José Manuel
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Over the years higher resolution Regional Climate Model simulations have emerged owing to the large increase in computational resources. The 12 Km resolution from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for the European domain (EURO-CORDEX) is a reference, which includes a larger multi-model ensemble at a continental scale while spanning at least a 130-year period. These simulations are computationally demanding but not always revealing added value. In this study, a recently developed regular gridded dataset (Iberia0.1) and a new metric for added value quantification, the distribution added value (DAV), are used to assess the precipitation of all available EURO-CORDEX Hindcast (1989–2008) and Historical (1971–2005) simulations. This approach enables a direct assessment between the higher resolution regional model runs against their forcing Global model or ERA-Interim reanalysis, with respect to their PDFs. This assessment is performed for the Iberian Peninsula. Overall, important gains are found for most cases, particularly in precipitation extremes. Most Hindcast models reveal gains above 15 %, namely for wintertime, while for precipitation extremes values above 20 % are reached for the summer and autumn. As for the Historical models, although most pairs display gains, regional models forced by 2 GCMs reveal losses, sometimes around −5 % or stronger, for the entire year. However, the spatialization of the DAV is clear in terms of added value for precipitation, particularly precipitation extremes with significant gains, above 100 %.
Mapping Damascus during the First World War. A German-Ottoman Cooperation of Cartography, Archaeology and Military?
Authors: Willert Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In 1916, the German museum director and archaeologist Theodor Wiegand travelled to the Near East and became “Inspector General of Antiquities in Syria” as head of the 19th Bureau within the IV Ottoman Army under Ahmed Cemal Pasha. In the post-war period the formation was called “German Turkish Commando for Monument Protection”, though it consisted mainly of German archaeologists and architects who dedicated themselves to the preservation of antique sites and the collection of antiquities. To investigate the region, the scientists also used Bavarian Flying-Detachments and had aerial photographs taken. The Commando enquired, preserved, and surveyed ancient sites. However, the scientists were also involved in mapping important sites and cities such as Damascus. For this purpose, the archaeologists not only conducted trigonometrical surveys but also used aerial photographs to complement the results taken on the ground.Against the background of the German-Ottoman cooperation and the involvement of experts such as archaeologists and architects, the paper analyses the – occasionally paradoxical – situation in which the actors dedicated themselves to map the city of Damascus. The contribution answers the question whether the map was developed to visualize ancient buildings and structures in Damascus for preservation purposes or was rather produced due to military objectives. In a helix of overlapping or rivalling aims and agendas of the German and Ottoman archaeology, military and politics it shows attempts, measures and intentions aiming at the production of maps during the First World War.
Subalterns and 'ghosts' behind Kiepert’s maps of the Anatolian peninsula (1830s–1890s)
Authors: Débarre Ségolène
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Although they are discussed less frequently than his maps of the Balkans, Heinrich Kiepert's maps of Anatolia, and those of the Aegean coast in particular, nevertheless occupy a prominent place in his work. First published between the 1840s and the 1890s, Kiepert's maps reflect the way in which the German “classical Orient” depicted by Said (Said, 1978) became increasingly "real" over the years and emerged as a target for strategic and imperialist penetration. While their archaeological orientation tended to eclipse their ties to the German and Ottoman military, this analysis reveals how civil and military investigations were intertwined from the outset, and linked to a desire for national prestige. Based on the archives of the State Library in Berlin, the Secret State Archives of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation and the Ottoman State Archives, this article aims to highlight the ambivalence and different facets of Heinrich Kiepert's cartographic project in Anatolia. The context of his work will be analyzed in order to understand the conditions under which his cartography was produced and the transimperial exchanges that shaped it.
Mapping of North-Western Anatolia by the Lénard Expedition
Authors: Jeney János
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In 1918 the Hungarian Government sent a group of experts and scientists, to investigate the coastal region of Northern Anatolia with a view to promoting future Hungarian-Turkish economic relations. The brief of the expedition was to carry out technical, geological, economic and ethnographic surveys. They left Haydarpasa on 21 September 1918, and arrived a month later in Ereğli, where they decided to return home. While some of the group returned by ship to Istanbul, the rest travelled overland and studied an area south of the coastal district. The material collected by the expedition was hidden in a safe place in Istanbul. On 1 December the party was interred as prisoners of war, only being able to take a ship to Trieste on 7 January 1919 from where they travelled by train to Hungary. One manuscript of an ethnographic map with a scale of 1:200000 was brought back by István Györffy. This is by far the most detailed ethnographic map made of this part of Anatolia where many Balkanian and Caucasian refugees were placed by the Turkish Government. A digital copy of this map at a scale of 1:338000 was made in 1999 showing the same data. It details the origin of the population, differentiating between the native-born and immigrant Turkish populations. Although the expedition was terminated prematurely and therefore the map covered a smaller area than was intended, it is unique. The whereabouts of the second manuscript map and the rest of the material collected on the expedition is unknown.