bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Relaksasi Otot Progresif dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Keluarga dengan Hipertensi : Literature Review
Authors: Habibi Habibi
Published: December 2020

Hypertension is a deadly disease in the world and can affect anyone. One of the treatments that can be done to control blood pressure is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the application of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in lowering blood pressure in families with hypertension based on empirical studies over the last ten years. The design of this study is a literature review. The method of this study was carried out by analyzing articles related to progressive muscle relaxation therapy in reducing blood pressure in families with hypertension through google scholar data in an empirical study in the last 10 years as many as 5 journals according to the study. The results of the analysis show that the application of progressive muscle relaxation can lower blood pressure in families with hypertension. Thus it is expected that progressive muscle relaxation therapy can be applied by nurses as an implementation strategy in reducing blood pressure in families with hypertension.Keywords: Hypertensive, Blood Pressure, Progressive Muscle RelaxationABSTRAKHipertensi merupakan penyakit yang mematikan di dunia dan dapat menyerang siapa saja. Salah satu penanganan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengontrol tekanan darah yaitu dengan terapi relaksasi otot progresif. Tujuan literature review ini untuk menganalisis penerapan terapi relaksasi otot progresif dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada keluarga penderita hipertensi berdasarkan studi empiris selama sepuluh tahun terakhir. Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review. Metode studi ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis artikel yang berkaitan dengan terapi relaksasi otot progresif dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada keluarga dengan hipertensi melalui data google scholar secara study empiris dalam 10 tahun terakhir sebanyak 5 jurnal yang sesuai dengan penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan relaksasi otot progresif dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada keluarga dengan hipertensi. Dengan demikian diharapkan terapi relaksasi otot progresif dapat diterapkan perawat sebagai strategi pelaksanaan dalam penurunan tekanan darah pada keluarga dengan hipertensi. Kata kunci: Hipertensi, Tekanan Darah, Relaksasi Otot Progresif
Improvement of Gayo Lues Patchouli Oil Alcohol Quality With Absorbent Variations of Juice And Purut Orange Peel (Citrus hystrix)
Authors: Viena Vera , Elvitriana Elvitriana , Sartika Zulhaini , Patra Diana
Published: December 2020

Patchouli oil refinery in Gayo Lues Aceh Indonesia commonly used evaporation process in an old drums at high temperature which decreased the quality of oil produced. The research to enhance the quality of patchouli alcohol of Gayo Lues patchouli oil using Citrus hystrix absorber has been done.The juice from kaffir lime (1 – 10 % v/v) used as chelating agent, and the kaffir peels powder (2,5 - 7 gr) used as bio sorbent. The highest patchouli alcohol (P.A) both resulted at T=50 oC and 60 minutes heating. Kaffir bio sorbent at 7,5 gr usage, gave 40,37% P.A and Fe reduction of 77,67%; while kaffir lime juice at 4% v/v usage, gave P.A 39,90% and Fe reduction of 78,25%. Purified patchouli oil also characterized by its light yellow color, density and refractive index based on SNI.06-2385-2006. It’s concluded that kaffir peels bio sorbent purification has superior P.A quality than kaffir lime juice.
Reduction of hexavalent chrome from artificial effluent of chrome: Batch electrocoagulation method [Reducción del cromo hexavalente de efluente artificial de cromado: Método de electrocoagulación por lotes]
Authors: Portilla Hans , Castillo Aldo , Arévalo César , Cabrera Fabio , Vega Juan , Vega Alexander
Published: December 2020

The present research evaluated treatment time, electrode area / effluent volume ratio, on the% reduction of hexavalent chromium in artificial chrome plating effluents, was evaluated by the batch electrocoagulation method; Method for which A-36 steel anodes and cathodes of (5.0 x 5.0 x 0.2) cm were used. The number of electrodes and the separation between them was varied in order to vary the ratio of electrode area / effluent volume and; for a batch type electrocoagulation reactor in which 27 tests were carried out; keeping the volume of effluent treated constant. From the results obtained, it was determined that the increase in the electrocoagulation time and the electrode area / effluent volume ratio influence the percentage of hexavalent chromium reduction of the artificial chromium plating, as supported by ANOVA and test F; the maximum reduction percentage achieved was 91.65%, with respect to the initial concentration (20 mg/L), for a test time of 60 minutes and a ratio of electrode area / effluent volume of 0.912 m2/L.
A Recipe for Obsolescence: The Troubling Divide Between Food and Nutrition (Part Two)
Authors: Cuddy Angela Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

This paper is the second in a series examining the emerging disconnect between “food” and “nutrients” in dietetics curriculum.  Part one was described from the perspective of a budding dietitian, newly embarking on her professional journey.  Part two comes from the perspective of a dietitian with over twenty years of professional experience in several practice areas.
Dealing with relapse
Authors: Gillespie Catherine Wilson
Published: December 2020

For too many years, I have been an enigma to those who have tried to help me completely recover from bulimia and binge eating. It has taken me years and countless attempts to come to a place where I can now completely own my eating while at the same time acknowledging that I need and want people around me who are encouraging and supportive but not necessarily focused on what I eat or do not eat. I am so grateful to be where I am today and I cannot thank all those who have helped me along the way enough. I feel especially grateful to those who tried to help but “failed” because I was not getting it. Well, I’ve got it now. Thank you from the bottom of my heart for caring and trying and trying again and again. Each person who has attempted to help me has contributed in some way, even if it did not feel like it at the time. If you are a person who helps others around food and eating, please don’t quit. Please do not give up on even the hardest or quirkiest of cases. We need your support and encouragement.
The Art and Science of Conversation in Dietetics
Authors: McIntosh Christine
Published: December 2020

Health communication is intended to assist client health behaviour change. Dietitians have an intent to assist nutitiron behaviour change with clients who present with a nutritionally related condition but dieititans are not consistantly trained in motivational behaviour skills. This can lead to professional strain. In recent years, a counseling method known as motivational interviewing has earned a position as a viable method of client communication. This paper uses a conversation between a dietitian and a client to illustrate the skills set and leads the reader to consideration of how to improve their art and craft of communication within their chosen profession.
“Gatekeepers to the Profession”: Exploring the Experiences of Ontario Dietetic Internship Coordinators
Authors: Good Amanda , Brady Jennifer , Poultney Meghan , Gingras Jacqui
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Dietetic internship coordinators are key players in selecting internship applicants and in shaping their experiences and professional identities throughout the internship. Coordinators’ experiences of their work have not yet been explored in the dietetic literature. Methods: Four current and four previous internship coordinators each participated in a one-on-one, semi-structured telephone interview. Data was analysed using constant comparative analysis. Results: Coordinators had three to nine years of experience. All stated their commitment and concern towards the dietetic training process. Coordinators noted the value of internship as a learning process and a time for intensive and essential practical training. Overall, participants felt gratified with their work, despite their roles requiring extensive time and resources. Other findings revealed that coordinators felt a sense of responsibility for selecting the “right” interns. Conclusions: A heightened sense of responsibility along with limited time and resources has the potential to lead to burnout for this professional group. Future enhancements and changes to the internship process have potential implications for health human resources among coordinators, but more research is required to examine specific implications of such changes on dietetic training and education in Ontario.
The Trusted Expert as an ideological code: The social organization of dietetic knowledge
Authors: Lordly Daphne
Published: December 2020

Abstract Research was undertaken to explore what counts as dietetic knowledge. Dietetics prior learning assessment and recognition (PLAR) practice was the research entry point. PLAR involves the measurement of non-formal knowledge for credit. Official dietetic texts were examined, and dietetic practitioners and accreditors were interviewed. This paper uses findings from those analyses to suggest that what comes to be counted, as dietetic knowledge is a particular kind of dietetic knowledge that is seen to support the institutional version of the trusted expert. Dietitians may unknowingly be operating from within an ideological frame that perpetuates the homogenation and the hierarchization of dietetic knowledge.  A knowledge status quo is created as discussions about dietetic knowledge are captured within an ideological circle.
Cultural Diversity and Critical Dietetics: A Scholarship of Cross-Cultural Engagement
Authors: Hassel Craig Alan
Published: December 2020

As every human society has developed its own ways of knowing nature in order to survive, dietitians can benefit from an emerging scholarship of “cross-cultural engagement” (CCE).  CCE asks dietitians to move beyond the orthodoxy of their academic training by temporarily experiencing culturally diverse knowledge systems, inhabiting different background assumptions and presuppositions of how the world works.  Although this practice may seem de- stabilizing, it allows for significant outcomes not afforded by conventional dietetics scholarship.  First, culturally different knowledge systems including those of Africa, Ayurveda, classical Chinese medicine and indigenous societies become more empathetically understood, minimizing the distortions created when forcing conformity with biomedical paradigms.  This lessens potential for erroneous interpretations.  Second, implicit background assumptions of the dietetics profession become more apparent, enabling a more critical appraisal of its underlying epistemology.  Third, new forms of post-colonial intercultural inquiry can begin to develop over time as dietetics professionals develop capacities to reframe food and health issues from different cultural perspectives.  CCE scholarship offers dietetics professionals a means to more fully appreciate knowledge assets that lie beyond professionally maintained parameters of truth, and a practice for challenging and moving boundaries of credibility.
Re-orientating Dietetic Interventions for Adults with Eating and Weight Concerns: A Qualitative Study of the Well Now course – Part II
Authors: Khasteganan Nazanin , Aphramor Lucy
Published: December 2020

This research examines the impact of attending a Well Now course on participants’ wellbeing and contrasts this with their reports of previous experiences of seeking support with weight concerns. The Well Now course teaches health-gain and body respect. As such, it offers people a way of making sense of their experiences around food and eating that is premised on criticality, compassion and respect. This is the second of two articles discussing research findings. This was a qualitative, community-based study using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The participants were women and men who had completed a six session Well Now course. Interviews and focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim and data were manually sorted. Coding categories were developed and participants’ quotes were assigned to these using thematic analysis. The study had ethics approval. Participants described how engaging with the Well Now philosophy in a supportive group had beneficially impacted their sense of wellbeing and self-worth. The reorientation made available through Well Now enhanced psychosocial variables and behaviours known to impact on health, such as mood, self-esteem, eating/exercise habits and interpersonal relationships. They recounted instances where recommendations to follow a weight-corrective approach, and attendant size bias seen in health practitioner’s attitudes, had had a detrimental impact on their wellbeing and sense of self-worth. A professional commitment to socio-politically aware practice, such as Well Now, is recommended as a means of advancing equity, helping people heal from body shame and meeting our ethical responsibilities as health practitioners.
Thresholds of size: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of childhood messages around food, body, health and weight.
Authors: Holland Fiona , Peterson Karin , Archer Stephanie
Published: December 2020

This study explores the lived experiences of non-dieting, middle-aged Western women classified as ‘overweight’ or ‘obese’ on BMI charts. Qualitative research that has focused on non-weight loss experiences with this population has been rare. Four women from aged 40-55 were interviewed about their early messages and experiences around food, body, health and weight. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted. Three themes were identified: 1) family culture and body norms 2) thresholds of size and 3) action and outcome. Participants identified a range of influences upon their early body appraisal, with parents, extended family, peers and community members contributing to their understanding of what constituted as an acceptable size. The impact upon their sense of identity and emotional wellbeing is discussed. This study contributes to the role of the modelling and messages around size and value given by important others and the psychological ramifications these can have over time.
Research Involvement Continuum Level of Dietetic Internship Directors
Authors: Newell Amanda Margaret Bergschneider , Schumacher Julie Raeder , Troxel Wendy
Published: December 2020

Research is considered to be the foundation of the profession of dietetics, and it is a required component of the dietetic internship (DI) curriculum.  However, studies have shown that dietitians, including dietetic educators, are not highly involved with research. This research-competency gap has been studied in the literature, but the role of DI directors, who are the gatekeepers of DI programs, have not been included in empirical discussions on this topic. The purpose of this study was to identify where DI directors fall on the research involvement continuum as defined by the Research Involvement Questionnaire (RIQ) and to identify the types of factors that influence DI directors’ involvement with research. In this cross-sectional survey study that included 96 DI directors, research involvement of DI directors was limited. Using the four levels of the research involvement continuum, it was found that more participants were classified into level one (low research experience) than levels two through four combined. Research involvement was most related to education/training, professional experience, and research experience. Based upon the theory of experiential learning, dietetic educators must have meaningful experiences with research in order to reach the higher levels on the research continuum. The findings from this study can be used to better prepare DI directors and other dietetic educators as well as to inform curricular decisions to better align education and practice within the profession of dietetics.
Consuming health, negotiating risk, "eating right"
Authors: Parker Barbara
Published: December 2020

In the health-risk society, food choice is framed through public health nutrition and dietary risks which are produced through nutritionism and econutrition. Dietary guidelines recommend the consumption of functional foods to target bodily health (Scrinis 2013; Mudry 2010), whereas ecological nutrition pushes sustainable diets for planetary health (Mason & Lang 2017; Friedberg, 2016). These healthy eating discourses construct dietary food risks and reorient ideas about what constitutes good food and eating right. This paper explores how food risk discourses extend the moralizing of healthism through emerging public health nutrition discourses and the ‘new public health.’ I suggest that in considering what constitutes eating right, dietary health risks extend individual responsibility for bodily health to increasing responsibility for the health of our environment or ecosystems, exercised as choice over the foods one chooses to eat. The feminine-citizen-subject is particularly targeted because as Moore (2010) contends, hegemonic femininity is constructed through beliefs about health and the healthy body. Thinking through feminist intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991) however, I draw attention to the limits of choice and individualized approaches to managing food risk given the structural constraints of food and health.
EFEITO DE DIFERENTES VOLUMES DE ALONGAMENTO ESTÁTICO NO VOLUME DE TREINO DO MEMBRO CONTRALATERAL
Authors: Henrique de Freitas Fabio
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A educação cruzada é um fenômeno baseado no princípio de que o treinamento de um único membro é capaz de promover ganho de força do membro contralateral. Objetivo: Investigar a influência de diferentes volumes de alongamento estático de músculos isquiotibiais do membro dominante no desempenho de repetições e volume total de treino do membro contralateral não alongado. Métodos: Doze mulheres treinadas (68.33 + 6.00 anos de idade) realizaram os seguintes protocolos experimentais: Protocolo Tradicional (TR) – sem alongamento prévio e execução da cadeira flexora unilateral; Protocolo alongamento estático com volume reduzido (T60) e posterior execução da cadeira flexora unilateral; Protocolo alongamento estático com volume ampliado (T120) e posterior execução da cadeira flexora unilateral. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os protocolos testados. Observamos apenas diferenças significativas intra-séries, somente, nos protocolos T120 e TR. Conclusão: O alongamento estático passivo no membro contralateral não interferiu, nem de forma positiva nem negativa, no volume total de treino.
PREVALÊNCIA DE PRÁTICA DE FUTEBOL FEMININO EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Luiz Varanda de Freitas André , Gama Barbosa Alessandra , Gabriel Martínez Alves João , Domingos da Silva Tamires , Triani Felipe , Corrêa Neto Victor Gonçalves
Published: December 2020

A Educação Física é capaz de integrar pessoas, fazendo com que essas pratiquem atividades com igualdade. Com a escola, e, em seu contexto, oferta um espaço privilegiado de construções de significados capazes de discutir a cidadania. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a prevalência da prática de Futebol feminino como atividade extracurricular em escolas da zona sul do município do Rio de Janeiro. Sua realização tem base na pesquisa quantitativa, com coleta de dados por meio de um questionário aplicado em 22 (vinte duas) escolas privadas da zona sul do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo apontou um equilíbrio nos resultados entre as escolas participantes, em que 53% delas confirmam existir Futebol feminino como atividade extracurricular nas unidades escolares e as demais, em 47% disseram não existir. Concluindo, portanto, que ainda há escolas que devam implementar o Futebol feminino em suas aulas extracurriculares, visto o direito à igualdade entre meninos e meninas, e, que não cabe mais diferenciação de gênero, neste caso, na prática de atividades, inclusive no Futebol.
Recenzje
Authors: Puchalski Jacek
Published: December 2020

Encyklopedia książki. T. 1: Eseje, A-J. T. 2: K-Z, pod red. Anny Żbikowskiej-Migoń i Marty Skalskiej-Zlat, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2017, 776, 770, [2] s., faksymilia, fotografie, errata, ISBN 978-83-229-3543-9.

Jacek PuchalskiKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskajacek.puchalski@interia.pl

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 487-498.

Loca scribendi. Miejsca i środowiska tworzące kulturę pisma w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej XV- XVIII stulecia, red. nauk. Anna Adamska, Agnieszka Bartoszewicz, Maciej Ptaszyński, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2017, ss. 201, il., ISBN 978-83-235-2764-0.

Anna KamlerKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskaakamler@uw.edu.pl

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 498-504.

Katalog druków XVI wieku z historycznej kolekcji Ossolineum, pod red. Doroty Sidorowicz-Mulak, zbiory wrocławskie opracowały Agnieszka Franczyk-Cegła, Małgorzata Minkowska, Grażyna Rolak, zbiory lwowskie opracowała Iryna Kachur, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum, 2017, ss. 567 [1], XXXII tab., ISBN 978-83-65588-34-0.

Agnieszka Chamera-NowakKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskaachamera@uw.edu.pl

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 505-510.

Arkadiusz Wagner, Stare druki o sztuce w zbiorach Biblioteki Stacji Naukowej PAN w Rzymie, fotografie Piotr Jamski, Arkadiusz Wagner, Roma: Accademia Polacca delle Scienze, Biblioteca Centro di Studi a Roma, 2016, Conferenze, 133, ss. 160, il., ISBN 978-83-63305-28-04, ISSN 0208-5623.

Krzysztof SolińskiBiblioteka Narodowa, Warszawa, Polskak.solinski@bn.org.pl

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 510-516.

Jan Olaszek, Rewolucja powielaczy. Niezależny ruch wydawniczy w Polsce 1976-1989, Warszawa: Trzecia Strona, 2015, ss. 353 [1], il., ISBN 978-83-64526-28-2.

Marek ToberaKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskamarek.tobera@uw.edu.pl

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 517-522.

Wanda A. Ciszewska, Skażone władzą. Ruch wydawniczo-księgarski na Kujawach i Pomorzu w latach 1945-1956. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2015, ss. 493 [1], tab., płyta CD, mapa, ISBN 978-83-231-3361-2.

Marek ToberaKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskamarek.tobera@uw.edu.pl

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 522-530.
Cadangan Penyetaraan Ukuran Nisab Zakat Emas Perhiasan di Malaysia
Authors: Rosele Muhammad Norshah , Mohd Noor Mohd Ali , Wahid Hairunnizam
Published: December 2020

Zakat on gold is either in the form of savings or jewellery is one of the obligatory zakat types. However, due to the fact that gold prices differ among states causing zakat rate on gold jewellery to differ. Even this distinction is not only due to the difference in gold prices, but also in the measurement of the rate of nisab for gold jewellery practiced by some states in Malaysia. There are some states that take into account the value of urf while the rest not in measuring the nisab of gold jewellery. Hence, this paper attempts to analyze the effect of the difference in selected states i.e. Penang, Selangor, Pahang and Melaka. The study found that states that use value of urf in calculating the nisab on gold jewellery will imposed lower rate of zakat, compared to other states that did not use value of urf in their method for calculation. The study also suggests standardization of calculation zakat on gold jewellery charged throughout the state in order to make the collection of zakat on gold jewellery run smoothly and at the same time, can avoid the zakat on gold being paid in a state which is not residing place of residence.

Abstrak

Zakat terhadap emas sama ada dalam bentuk simpanan atau perhiasan merupakan salah satu daripada jenis-jenis zakat yang diwajibkan. Namun disebabkan harga emas yang  lazimnya sedikit berbeza mengikut negeri, kadar zakat terhadap emas perhiasan juga didapati berbeza nilainya. Bahkan perbezaan ini bukan sahaja disebabkan perbezaan harga emas semasa bahkan kaedah pengukuran kadar nisab zakat emas perhiasan yang berbeza diamalkan di sebahagian negeri-negeri di Malaysia. Terdapat negeri yang mengambil kira nilai uruf emas perhiasan dalam menentukan nisab emas perhiasan manakala yang lainnya tidak mengambil kira nilai uruf.  Justeru, kertas ini cuba menganalisis kesan perbezaan pengukuran ini di beberapa negeri terpilih seperti Pulau Pinang, Selangor, Pahang dan Melaka. Kajian mendapati bagi negeri yang mengambil kira nilai uruf dalam pengiraan nisab zakat emas perhiasan, kadar zakat yang dikenakan adalah lebih rendah berbanding negeri yang tidak mengambil kira uruf. Kajian ini juga mencadangkan penyetaraan kiraan zakat emas perhiasan dibuat di seluruh negeri bagi melancarkan kutipan zakat emas perhiasan serta mengelakkan zakat emas perhiasan dibayar di negeri yang bukan tempat pembayar bermastautin
Aplikasi Kerangka Kerja Tadbir Urus Syariah Dalam Agensi Mengurus Zakat di Melaka
Authors: Ismail Abdul Halim , Tubarri Muhammad Firdaus , Nor Jamal Noorzakry , Othman Azhana , Ab Hasan Zunaidah
Published: December 2020

Integrity in handling zakat funds is a highly sensitive matter to the community if it is not properly managed. The issue of negative perception towards the distribution of zakat in Malaysia is due to the lack of trust from the community toward the management of the agency managing the Zakat. This will therefore affect the collection as well as the distribution of zakat funds to the eight group of Asnaf. Therefore, it is necessary for the zakat agency to build up and create a good shariah governance framework to the needs of Islamic law as a benchmark in order to make sure all activities undertaken are on track. This conceptual study aims to implement Shariah Governance Framework to overcome the distrust of the community towards the management of Zakat agency since they do not have any standard of shariah governance framework, like other Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia. In conclusion, the proposed Shariah Governance Framework proposed in this study, will give an implication to restore the trust and positive perceptions among the public.

Abstrak

Ketulusan dalam mengendalikan dana umat Islam terutamanya zakat adalah suatu perkara yang sangat sensitif kepada masyarakat sekiranya tidak diurus dengan baik. Isu persepsi negatif masyarakat terhadap agihan zakat di Malaysia merupakan punca masalah kepada ketidakpercayaan masyarakat dalam pengurusan Agensi Mengurus Zakat. Ketidakpercayaan ini akan memberi kesan kepada kutipan zakat dan secara tidak langsung akan mempengaruhi dana agihan zakat untuk diagihkan kepada lapan (8) golongan asnaf yang layak. Oleh yang demikian, menjadi satu keperluan kepada Agensi Mengurus Zakat untuk mewujudkan satu kerangka kerja urus tadbir yang baik dan menepati kehendak syarak sebagai kayu ukur kepada segala aktiviti yang dilaksanakan berada di landasan yang betul. Kajian konseptual ini berhasrat untuk menerapkan satu kerangka kerja Tadbir Urus Shariah dalam Agensi Mengurus Zakat untuk mengatasi masalah ketidakpercayaan masyarakat terhadap pengurusan Agensi Mengurus Zakat. Tambahan pula Agensi Mengurus Zakat tidak mempunyai kerangka Tadbir Urus Shariah yang standard seperti mana Institusi Kewangan Islam yang lain di Malaysia. Oleh yang demikian, kerangka kerja tadbir urus shariah yang akan dicadangkan memberi implikasi untuk mengembalikan kepercayaan dan persepsi yang positif dikalangan masyarakat.
مجلس الإفتاء الوطني الماليزي ومراعاته لأقدار التدين في النفوس
Authors: Ismail Abdul Manan , Saleh Ahmad Zaki
Published: December 2020

This research examines the Malaysian National Fatwa Council and its celebration of religious diversities in issuing fatwa, and the discussion is through the use of the descriptive method which means describing the facts of the topic, studying the Muslim scholars’ opinions and finally analyzing them to come up with reasonable and acceptable results. This study has taken into account the reality of fatwa giving process in order to document procedures and challenges of the matter. The researcher considers the references in Islamic jurisprudence and Usul Fiqh in examining judgements offered by Islamic scholars. The researcher critically studies fatwas issued by the National Fatwa Council as well as examines the fatwa process. The researcher concludes that the National Fatwa Council follows the regulation in issuing a fatwa.

يدرس هذا البحث ضابط مراعاة أقدار التدين في النفوس في الفتوى ومدى انضباط مجلس الإفتاء الوطني الماليزي به. وتتم المناقشة من خلال استخدام المنهج الوصفي النقدي لوصف حقيقة الموضوع، وتتبّع أقوال العلماء عنه ودراستها في المراجع المعتبرة في الفقه الإسلامي وأصوله ، ثم الخروج بنتيجة معقولة مناسبة. وقد استخرجت التوجيهات والقيم من الأحكام الإسلامية وربطها بالواقع الحالي للأمة الإسلامية حتى لا تبقى هذه الدراسة مجرد تنظيرات خيالية بعيدة عن واقع الأمة. وقام الباحث بالتأمّلات والنقد حول الفتاوى الصادرة من مجلس الإفتاء الوطني وعملية الإفتاء فيه. وقد استنتج الباحث أنّ مجلس الإفتاء الوطني يتمسك بهذا الضابط في الفتوى.
Promosi Waqaf: Elemen Ihsan dan Amanah
Authors: Mohamad Yusoff Mohamad Fitri , Mohd Taib Mohd Syakir
Published: December 2020

Waqaf is a part of philanthropy which contributes directly to the economic development as well as the prosperity of ummah. Waqaf is also a unique property redistribution mechanism because there are no elements of obligations, laws and coercion such as found in the obligation of giving out zakat. In contemporary Waqaf management, the encouragement to practice Waqaf is done through both conventional and online promotions. The existence of these various promotional approaches should be based on ihsan and trust as Waqaf is contributed by members of society to benefits those in needs in the community. Using Critical Discourse Analysis approach, research on promotional materials issued by Waqaf's management institutions / agencies found that ihsan and trust in promoting Waqaf can be materialized through three elements such as Waqaf management approval by the State Islamic Council (MAIN), the trust holders in Waqaf management and Waqaf's purposes.

ABSTRAK

Waqaf merupakan filantropi yang menyumbang kepada pembangunan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan ummah. Waqaf juga merupakan mekanisme agihan semula harta yang unik kerana tiada unsur kewajipan, undang-undang dan paksaan seperti kewajipan berzakat. Dalam pengurusan Waqaf kontemporari, galakkan untuk berwakaf dilakukan melalui promosi yang memanfaatkan pendekatan konvensional mahupun secara atas talian. Kewujudan bahan-bahan promosi yang pelbagai ini perlu berteraskan ihsan dan amanah memandangkan waqaf disumbangkan oleh anggota masyarakat yang berkemampuan untuk manfaat anggota masyarakat yang memerlukan. Menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis, penelitian terhadap bahan-bahan promosi yang dikeluarkan oleh institusi/agensi pengendali Waqaf mendapati bahawa ihsan dan amanah  dalam mempromosi Waqaf sekurang-kurangnya diterjemah melalui tiga elemen iaitu, kelulusan pengurusan Waqaf oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN), pemegang amanah dalam pengurusan Waqaf dan tujuan Waqaf.
Waqf Land Development Methodology Model
Authors: Che Mat Mohd Mazlan
Published: December 2020

Traditionally, concentration of Waqf Land utilisations are mostly confining to the construction of mosques, grave yards, orphanage centres and old folks homes and the likes.  Without doubt those are important and significant institutions, however there should also be creative and innovative ways of developing Waqf Land while in the meantime not to ignore the traditional utilisations of Waqf Land.  Real estate is one of the most effective investment venture, and with professionally managed systems and efficient project planning and implementations, Waqf Land can yield very good return in both Monetary and Non-Monetary.  The thousands of acres of the undeveloped Waqf Land in Malaysia and perhaps hundreds of thousands of acres or even millions of acres worldwide must be tackled in a holistic, systematic and efficient manner.  The accelerated demand for housing, shop houses other real estate development components resulted in tremendous escalation of prices that are beyond the affordability of the ordinary people, must be resolved amicably.  The objective of this paper is to highlight the key components of Real Estate Development’s Financial Feasibility Study and the Development Model of Waqf Land as adopted by UME Sdn Bhd.  The optimum development of Waqf Land hopefully can cushion this scenario. Cases of success stories of the real estate developments will be highlighted and discussed.  By adopting an appropriate development methodology model and some improvements of relevant fatwas, hopefully it acts as a guide for a more sustainable Waqf Land development.
Kesedaran Amalan Wakaf dalam Kalangan Anggota Angkatan Tentera Malaysia
Authors: Jalal Burhanuddin , Ab Ghani Sayuti , Ismail Amnah Saayah , Nordin Rashid
Published: December 2020

The Islamic da'wah in the Malaysian Armed Forces has begun since its inception in 1933 and has continued to grow with the establishment of the Malaysian Armed Forces of Religious Corps (KAGAT) in 1985. This paper discusses how far the knowledge and awareness of waqf based on da'wah and education efforts has been implemented by KAGAT through the Malaysian Armed Forces Mental and Spiritual Training Policy program or DPMKI 9/91 which has been gazetted through the Malaysian Armed Forces Council since 1991. The methodology used was based on quantitative methods and analysis using SPSS to assess the level of knowledge and spiritual sensitivity based on the programs implemented by KAGAT and in general the findings showed that level of knowledge and wakaf practice among military personnel was still low.

ABSTRAK

Dakwah Islamiah dalam Angkatan Tentera Malaysia telah bermula sejak penubuhannya pada tahun 1933 lagi dan terus di perkasa dengan penubuhan Kor Agama Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (KAGAT) pada tahun 1985. Kertas ini membincangkan sejauh manakah tahap pengetahuan dan kesedaran tentang wakaf berdasarkan usaha-usaha dakwah dan pendidikan Islam yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Kor Agama Angkatan Tentera Malaysia melalui program Dasar Pembinaan Mental dan Kerohanian Islam Angkatan Tentera Malaysia atau DPMKI 9/91 yang telah diwartakan melalui Majlis Angkatan Tentera Malaysia sejak tahun 1991. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan adalah berdasarkan kaedah kuantitatif serta analisis fapatan dengan menggunakan SPSS bagi menilai tahap pengetahuan dan kesiagaan kerohanian berdasarkan program yang telah dilaksanakan oleh KAGAT dan secara umumnya dapatan kajian meenunjukkan tahap pemhamanan serta pengamalan wakaf dalam kalangan anggota tentera masih di tahap yang rendah.
Effect of Heating on Lard Adulteration in RBD Palm Oil Using Gas Chromatography and Chemometrics
Authors: Hassan Mohd Sukri , Sulaiman Amal Husna , Abdul Rahim Alina
Published: December 2020

Adulteration has gained much concern in the oils and fats industry due to health and religious issues. This study assesses the effect of heating on the profiling of lard (15% and 30% lard) spiked in refined bleached deodorized (RBD) palm oil at 120 oC, 180 oC and 240 oC for 1, 2 and 3 hours. The volatile compounds released were identified using (gas chromatography mass spectrometry headspace) GC-MS-HS method. Multivariate data from GC-MS-HS were mean centred prior to Principal Components Analysis (PCA) using Unscrambler software. The result obtained from the scores plot for 30% lard and 15% lard in the RBD palm oil showed the same pattern for heating temperature at 120 oC and 180 oC. At 240 oC, both sample and control were scattered in the scores plot. However, the GC-MS-HS technique did not differentiate between 0% lard with 15% or 30% lard in RBD palm oil.
السمنة المرضيّة وعلاجها وفق المقاصد الشرعيّة
Authors: Abdur Razzaq Alawiye Abdul Mumin , Mokhtar Ahmad Wifaq , Subr Irwan Mohd , Wan Ismail Wan Abdul Fattah , Masri Maizatul Azma , Che Isahak Che Ilina , Bin Azmi Ahmad Najib , Ghazali Rosaliza , Rahman Azman Ab. , Mohd Noor Umar Mukhtar
Published: December 2020

The focus of this article is a phenomenon called ‘morbid obesity’ in the medical jargon. Morbid obesity is considered one of the diseases affecting many people in the society. Recently, it continues to threaten the life of the people, to the extent of becoming ruin of many and causing their untimely death. Thus, the team of the researchers seek to explain the concept of morbid obesity and the treatment of its victims in the light of Islamic legal objectives, which should be reckoned with in all matters embarked upon by any believer in oneness of Allah. In a short and simple definition, morbid obesity is excessive fatness associated with diseases like heart diseases, rheumatism and lung diseases. This article, among other things, deals with the topic in question, based on three main headings. First is the is the explanation of the concept of morbid obesity. While the second is the definition of higher objectives of Islamic law, the third is concerned with the analysis of the approach of Islamic legal objectives in respect of the treatment of the victims of morbid obesity.

إنّ بؤرة اهتمام هذا المقال ظاهرة يقال لها، في المصطلح الطبيّ، السمنة المرضيّة. فالأخيرة تعتبر أحد الأمراض التي تصيب الناس في المجتمع؛ فهي تظلّ تتهدّد حياة الكثير في الأزمنة الأخيرة، حتّى يتمّ بسببها هلاك بعض الناس ووفاتهم المبكّرة. وعلى هذا، يتحرّى الباحثون فريق العمل، من خلال هذه الورقة، بيان مفهوم السمنة المرضيّة وعلاج  ضحاياها على ضوء المقاصد الشرعية- التي لا بدّ أن تؤخذ في الاعتبار في كلّ الإجراءات التي يمكن أن يخوض فيها المرء الذي يؤمن بالله وحده. إنّ موجز وأبسط التعريف لهذا المفهوم هو أنّه عبارة عن السمنة الزائدة المصحوبة بالأمراض مثل أمراض القلب والمفاصل والرئتين. يتناول هذا المقال الموضوع متمركزا على مباحث ثلاثة: بيان مفهوم السمنة المرضيّة، فالتعريف بالمقاصد الشرعية، ثمّ تشخيص مقاربة المقاصد الشرعيّة حيال علاج ضحايا السمنة المرضيّة.
Signifikasi Konsep Istibdal dalam Sistem Pengurusan Wakaf: Analisis dari Perspektif Fiqh dan Undang-undang
Authors: Sabri Hisham , Mahamood Siti Mashitoh
Published: December 2020

Waqf, as one of the ijtima’ie sector is an important agent for Muslim economic development. However, the abandoned assets of waqf need to be strengthened in order to continue the benefits of the waqf. This study aims to analyze the significance of istibdal concept in waqf management. Content analysis method is applied to discuss the conditions of istibdal implementation from various mazhab and law practitioners to resolve issues arising from the wakaf assets. This study found that istibdal method could be a potencial mechanism to empower waqf asset value within the approval and jurisdiction from state fatwa committee. Comprehensive analysis of administration and laws  issues may discussed by sampling methods towards istibdal  implementation at related states. It is hoped that the finding on istibdal waqf study will be usefull for the State Islamic Religious Council to enhance waqf management system.

ABSTRAK

Sektor ijtima’ie adalah merupakan antara agen penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi umat Islam. Ia juga menjadi sebahagian daripada keperluan syarak untuk memberikan kemudahan fasiliti dan mencapai maqasid syariah yang unggul. Oleh itu, ia perlu dipastikan supaya amalan wakaf akan terus memberikan implikasi positif kepada umum dan penerima manfaat wakaf. Namun begitu, aset wakaf yang terbiar dan memaksimakan manfaat wakaf perlu diberikan keutamaan. Ia boleh dilaksanakan melalui kaedah istibdal dalam pengurusan harta wakaf. Oleh itu, perbahasan fuqaha’ dari pelbagai mazhab akan dibincangkan secara khusus berkaitan syarat pelaksanaan hukum istibdal untuk menyelesaikan pelbagai isu yang timbul. Perbahasan dikalangan para pengamal undang-undang juga dikaji mengenai peruntukan perundangan terhadap konsep istibdal ini. Selain itu, penulis juga akan mengupas berkaitan aplikasi istibdal semasa yang berasaskan sistem perundangan sedia ada di Malaysia. Bahkan, kaedah yang bersesuaian berasaskan konsep Istibdal boleh diaplikasikan untuk memantapkan pengurusan wakaf. Walau bagaimanapun, perlaksanaan konsep istibdal ini perlulah mendapat keputusan fatwa dari Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri. Sehubungan dengan itu, penulis juga  membuat analisa secara komprehensif berkaitan isu-isu pentadbiran dan undang-undang wakaf di Malaysia bersama contoh-contoh perlaksanaan wakaf istibdal di negeri-negeri berkaitan.
Exploring The Fatwa Methodology of Committee of The National Council for Islamic Affairs: Case of ASB Trust Fund
Authors: Sitiris Miszairi , Mahmud Mek Wok , Zakaria Mohamad Sabri , Busari Saheed
Published: December 2020

Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB) is a Malaysian initiative trust fund that was established in 1990 with the basic aim of enhancing the financial independence and improves the economic control of the Bumiputera Malaysians. This effort has provided investment opportunity for its target audience as an alternative savings scheme in order to generate long term consistent and competitive returns on investment.  Despite the achievement and successful result recorded by the establishment, there are continuous quest particularly among the Bumiputera on the extent of Shariah compliance of the investment channels of ASB trust fund. Although ASB was designed as a fixed price equity income fund at RM1.00 with no sale charges, the return on investment as declared dividend is questionable. More so, the means of investment and in which product or services to invest pool fund is a question for debate among the investors. Despite the latest Fatwa MKI pronouncement by Muzākarah Jawatankuasa on this issue in 2012, which declared that investments in ASB and other relative investments are “harus”, that is investing in ASB is neither prohibited nor allowed from an Islamic perspective. It is rather Mubāḥah; based on free choice. Hence, there are still arguments as to whether ASB is prohibited in Islam. The researcher therefore aims to explore into the methodology of the Fatwa committee of the National Council for Islamic Affairs on how and why permissible position was taken in comparison with the position of PNB on its permissibility. The study also conducts textual analysis on Islamic principles, maxims and conditions on issuing fatwa on matters relating to Islamic financial transactions as reported in Islamic literatures. The study also employs the Maqāṣid shariah approach in arriving at suitable findings and recommended the stakeholder of ASB trust fund and other Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia need to come to a common ground on the use of maṣlaḥah as evidence for the permissibility of the ASB in Malaysia context.
حالات الطوارئ وأثرها على تقييد حقوق الإنسان في القانون الدولي
Authors: AL ZUABI LORANS HASSAN , Mas'ad Saleh Muhammad Aunurrochim , Ahmad Tajudin Amalina , Bagotayan Sumaya Mohammed
Published: December 2020

تعد قوانين الطوارئ تدابير استثنائية قد تتخذها أي دولة نتيجة تعرضها لخطر يهدد أمنها وسلامتها، وقد تشمل هذه التدابير كامل الدولة أو جزءًا منها، بحيث تنتقل الصلاحية من السلطة المدنية إلى السلطة العسكرية أو زيادة صلاحيات السلطات المدنية. وقد شغلت حالات الطوارئ حيزاً كبيراً في عمل المنظمات الدولية والحقوقية، بهدف ضمان حقوق الإنسان وتحقيق العدالة، حيث تضمنت المعاهدات والمواثيق الدولية العديد من القوانين التي تنص على احترام حقوق الإنسان، إلا أنها كانت غير مجدية في حالات قوانين الطوارئ في بعض الدول، مما نجم عن ذلك آثار سلبية نتيجة عدم تحقيق التوازن بين أمنها واستقرارها من جهة، وحماية حقوق الإنسان من جهة أخرى. لذلك تطلع الباحث من هذه الدراسة إلى تحقيق مجموعة من الأهداف منها: تسليط الضوء على مدى تأثير قوانين الطوارئ على حقوق الإنسان ورصد آثاره السلبية، إضافة إلى إبراز دور وفعالية المنظمات الدولية والحقوقية في توفير الحماية الكفيلة باحترام حقوق الإنسان في حالات قوانين الطوارئ. وقد اعتمد الباحث في دراسته لتحقيق الأهداف على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي من خلال وصف وتحليل مختلف القوانين الدولية ذات الصلة بموضوع الدراسة، ورصد التجاوزات. وفي الخاتمة توصلت الدراسة لمجموعة من النتائج من أبرزها: وجود تفاوت في تطبيق قوانين الطوارئ بين الدول وغالباً ما تعلق الأمر بدوافع سياسية، كثرة الآثار السلبية التي تطال حقوق الإنسان مثل تقييد الحرية والتنقل وتعطيل الدستور، انعدام دور المنظمات الحقوقية في توفير الحماية لحقوق الإنسان. لذلك أوصى الباحث بتفعيل الرقابة الدولية لحالات الطوارئ، وفرض العقوبات الصارمة في حال حدوث انتهاكات.
Digital and Distant Histories: Emergent Approaches within the New Digital History
Authors: Paju Petri , Oiva Mila , Fridlund Mats
Published: December 2020

The chapter introduces the main themes of “Digital Histories”. It shortly discusses the histories of digital history and the various research projects that resulted in this volume, as well as the main contributions of the individual chapters. Focusing on the most recent periods of development of digital and computational history, the introduction explains how this book contributes to advancing the larger field of history in two primary ways: firstly through conceptual explorations of the central issues characterizing the past, present and future of digital history research, and secondly by providing new empirical historical knowledge coming out of research using digital methods. The chapter surveys a number of key challenges and criticisms facing contemporary and future historians, including the digitisation of sources, metadata creation for digital source materials, digital source and resource criticism, and the various salient questions involved in organising digital history research.
The Many Ways to Talk about the Transits of Venus: Astronomical Discourses in Philosophical Transactions, 1753–1777
Authors: Sippola Reetta
Published: December 2020

This chapter uses topic modelling to explore the evolution of the scientific discourse in the scientific journal Philosophical Transactions in the mid-18th century. Combining cultural historical close reading and statistical topic modelling, the study demonstrates the value of combining ‘new’ and more traditional historical research methods. The study shows that there were at least nine ways of talking about astronomical observations around the two transits of Venus, in 1761 and 1768, and in this reveal several previously neglected themes and unnoticed temporal discourse changes. One notable theme when talking about experiments was the continuity regarding concern for exactness and reliability of the collected knowledge, while others indicate a significant use of algebra to explain astronomical events and that the amount of causal theories has weakened over time. The study furthermore documents a connection between politeness and strategic attention seeking using the transits of Venus. Finally, the results reveal significant astronomical conversations related to terrestrial weather, and the circumstances and equipment of experimenting and observing.
Manuscripts, Qualitative Analysis and Features on Vectors: An Attempt for a Synthesis of Conventional and Computational Methods in the Attribution of Late Medieval Anti-Heretical Treatises
Authors: Välimäki Reima , Vesanto Aleksi , Hella Anni , Poznański Adam , Ginter Filip
Published: December 2020

The article applies computational stylometry to explore medieval authorship. The study consists of the investigation of different versions of an anti-heretical treatise Refutatio errorum, only recently attributed to the inquisitor Petrus Zwicker based on qualitative evidence. The article confirms this attribution and demonstrates that from a textually inconsistent corpus, it is possible to prepare data for computational stylometry with relatively fast and straightforward cleaning. Finally, the article discusses the relationship between qualitative and computational methods in the study of medieval texts. The greatest added value of computational authorship attributions comes from unexpected results, from texts behaving in an anomalous way. In the classifications made for this study, a small work called Attendite a falsis prophetis was for the first time attributed to Petrus Zwicker, a prime example of an unanticipated result. This attribution is within possibilities, but its final corroboration requires codicological study of the preserved manuscripts.