bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refugees and social media in a digital society
Authors: Anderson Sasha , Daniel Marguerite
Published: December 2020

The proliferation of social media-based initiatives aimed at asylum seekers and refugees in recent years is evidence of growing interest in the potential of social media for delivering interventions and messages to refugee populations in host countries. However, surprisingly little is currently known about how refugees routinely use and incorporate social media into their everyday lives in host countries, and their motivations for doing so. The aim of the study reported in this paper was to explore how and why young refugees living in Norway use social media in their everyday lives, to identify capabilities associated with this use, and to make connections with well- being. The researchers adopted a qualitative approach, undertaking in-depth interviews with eight young refugees and two key informants involved in running social media sites aimed at refugees. Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach (1987) was used to frame the study and guide the analysis of findings. Findings indicated that participants’ main motivations for using social media were communication, access to information, and learning. Analysis of their reported achievements suggested that social media offered five related capabilities which could have an important role in advancing well-being: effective communication; social connectedness; participation in learning opportunities; access to information; and expression of self. Other findings, such as differences in approach to using social media (‘active’ and ‘passive’ use) are discussed. Although all participants used social media and recognised its importance to their lives, variations in the way they approached and valued it suggest that providers need to consider these factors when using it as a tool to engage refugees.
Operation Mechanism and Evaluation of “County High School Education Model” in the Context of Chinese College Entrance Examination System
Authors: Huang Jiagan
Published: December 2020

The “county high school phenomenon” of Chinese rural high school education to pursue higher education has attracted much attention from the education field and society. Earlier studies were mostly from the perspective of education and believed that the “county high school education model” was contrary to education’s essence because it emphasized test-oriented education and restrained students’ nature and should be discarded. However, this model is surprisingly persuasive for rural families, and it is also a reflection of the rural students’ desire to achieve upward mobility through education. This paper analyzed the county high school education model’s connotation, expounded its operating mechanism, and systematically demonstrated and analyzed the “county high school education model” from multiple angles. It aims to find a way out for the future development of the “county high school education model” to promote education equity between urban and rural areas and the harmonious development of high school education ecology.
Review of the Personalized Learning In China
Authors: Li Lijuan , Wang Yali , Zhang Haojuan
Published: December 2020

Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and individualized training are the focus of the world’s attention, and it is also one of the eight education concepts in my country. Based on the CSSCI database, this research sorts out the concept and connotation of personalized learning and teaching in China, and analyzes the theoretical research progress of personalized learning and teaching, learning analysis technology, personalized recommendation technology, personalized learning path planning, and personalized learning system It summarizes the research focus and characteristics of domestic personalized learning and teaching theory from the perspectives of theory, practical application, and technology development, and analyzes the development trend of personalized learning and teaching in the era of artificial intelligence.
THE RIVER QOUEIQ AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR EBLA (SYRIA) AT THE TIME OF THE ARCHIVES (XXIV CENT. BC): SOME OBSERVATION
Authors: Giovanna Biga Maria , Karbotly Ahmad
Published: December 2020

The river Qoueiq (which flows close to the big city of Aleppo) has been important in the history of Syria already in the third millennium BC. Along its valley there are many tells, studied mostly in surveys from the 1970s; some of them are certainly to be dated to the third millennium BC and their name could be present in the Ebla texts. They are not yet identified with ancient cities. Tell Tuqan, on the lake Matkh in which the river disappears, or Tell Hader in the river valley, can likely be identified with NIrar of the Ebla texts.
Cultural Competence and Healthcare
Authors: Lipovec Čebron Uršula , Huber Ivanka
Published: December 2020

This paper seeks to contribute to critical reflection on the importance, dilemmas and problems that arise in educating health professionals about the socio-cultural dimensions of health and healthcare. In the first part of the paper the authors show that although educational programmes in the field of cultural competences have experienced a remarkable upswing, they are accompanied by many ambiguities and shortcomings. Based on numerous anthropological criticisms, the authors highlight the major conceptual and methodological problems that accompany many cultural competence efforts. The second part of the article focuses on an analysis of the multi-year process of introducing a training course in cultural competence in Slovenia, in which over 500 health professionals have been trained since 2016. Based on the results of the participants’ quantitative evaluation and educators’ self-evaluation, the authors critically analyse the contributions of this training course, while highlighting some of the key dilemmas and difficulties that have accompanied this process.
Bleiburg kao kulturna trauma
Authors: Kudra Beroš Viktorija
Published: December 2020

Od osamostaljenja Hrvatske hrvatsko je društvo antagonizirano oko pitanja jugoslavenske prošlosti. Točka prijepora oko koje je društvo podijeljeno u dva gotovo nepomirljiva tabora odnosi se na interpretaciju događaja nakon Drugog svjetskog rata i masovne likvidacije pripadnika poražene vojske Nezavisne Države Hrvatske koja je započela njihovom predajom kod Bleiburga u Austriji, poznatih kao bleiburška tragedija. Te su likvidacije u Jugoslaviji pod vlašću Komunističke partije bile svojevrstan tabu, ali ih je hrvatska antijugoslavenska emigracija, povezujući ih s gubitkom “domovine” iz pozicije egzila, konstruirala kao kulturnu traumu. Ovaj rad usredotočen je na analizu narativizacije bleiburške tragedije kojom se proizvode emocije, konstruira ideološka fantazma te stvaraju značenja tih poslijeratnih događaja kao točke zajedničkog sjećanja hrvatske političke emigracije. Analiza se temelji na člancima koji se bave tom tematikom u časopisu Hrvatska revija u vrijeme kada ona izlazi u Argentini. Također se propituje način na koji tako strukturirana kulturna trauma, ušavši u hrvatski javni prostor revizijom zajedničkih sjećanja, antagonizira društveno polje.
Sentido de identidad comunitaria, empoderamiento y participación política en estudiantes de la UNMSM
Authors: Espinoza Quiroz John Omar , Raguz Zavala María De las Mercedes
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito profundizar en la experiencia subjetiva de un grupo de integrantes de los Centros de Estudiantes de la UNMSM, con relación a su participación política en el semestre académico 2019-II, durante el conflicto social producto de la construcción de un bypass en la avenida Venezuela, en el Cercado de Lima, ciudad de Lima, en octubre de 2019. Las entrevistas individuales fueron transcritas y analizadas con el programa Atlas.ti. Desde un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño fenomenológico, los testimonios derivaron en cinco categorías y las representativas fueron contrastadas con el sentido de identidad comunitaria, empoderamiento y participación política. Se encontró que los estudiantes consideran relevante contar con apoyo personal y sentir un contento personal, por los aprendizajes obtenidos en convivencia con su comunidad universitaria, los que expresan desde su participación en ámbitos académicos, políticos y de relaciones interpersonales. Esta práctica se vincula con un empoderamiento individual y organizacional que dialoga con una participación política institucionalizada. Por último, se concluye que la participación política es transversal a su vida universitaria y, en este contexto, toda participación estudiantil en la universidad se considera como política.
Pausas en la lactancia de bebés y su relación con el origen de la comunicación verbal: un estudio con gemelos dicigóticos
Authors: Gomez Ramos Pablo
Published: December 2020

Los bebés humanos son los únicos mamíferos que realizan pausas en el proceso de lactar durante los primeros meses de vida, un hecho único que no se relaciona con ninguna utilidad práctica. En los años 80 del siglo pasado, algunos investigadores relacionaron estas paradas con formatos de intercambio de turnos entre la madre y el hijo dentro de un proceso equivalente a un diálogo o conversación. Utilizando un diseño unifactorial y univariado intrasujeto, hemos realizado observaciones a un par de gemelos dicigóticos intentando comprobar hasta qué punto está generalizada la detención en el proceso de succión y qué papel desempeña la intervención del adulto en dichas conductas. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, que son conductas generalizadas y por otro, que no es necesaria la intervención del adulto, aunque sí las condiciona, lo que reforzaría el carácter innato de las pausas y también su posible relación con el origen del lenguaje.
Ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Vivanco-Vidal Andrea , Saroli-Araníbar Daniela , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Carbajal-León Carlos , Noé-Grijalva Martín
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental en 356 estudiantes universitarios (227 mujeres y 129 hombres, Medad = 22.36 años, DE = 2.46). Asimismo, se comparó la ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental entre algunas variables sociodemográficas. Se aplicó la versión en español de la Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) y el Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI). Los resultados muestran que una mayor ansiedad por COVID – 19 se relaciona con una disminución de la salud mental (ρ = −.67, p <.01). Asimismo, respecto a las comparaciones realizadas se evidencian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función a las variables sociodemográficas previamente mencionadas. El estudio confirma que a mayor ansiedad por COVID – 19 menor salud mental en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios peruanos.
Public funding of education as a factor of economic growth
Authors:   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine, Nazukova Nataliia
Published: December 2020

The main approaches to the analysis of the impact of education on economic growth consist in assessing the link between economic growth indicators (GDP/GDP growth per capita) and three groups of educational indicators: quantitative ones (educational attainment – coverage of population by an education level), qualitative ones (standardized grades of students) and the amounts of educational funding. At the same time, educational attainment and the quality of knowledge obtained depend on the amount of educational funding. The article proves that there is a significant positive relationship between indicators of state funding of higher and secondary education per student and a country's total factor productivity. At the same time, there is no unified optimal scheme for the distribution of public funding between the educational levels: to accelerate the pace of economic growth, some countries prioritize primary education, others – secondary or higher education. As stated in the article, this depends on the country's technological level, the existing educational and professional structure of human capital, and such contextual factors, as the quality of institutions in the country. The article discusses practical approaches to financing various levels of education at the expense of public and private funds, where the latter are presented in the context of private funds, and state transfers to families with students – that is public-to-private transfers. The article concludes that public educational funding – both direct and in the form of public-to-private transfers – concidered at various levels, indicates prioritization of the specific educational and professional composition of human capital. The results of the study indicate the need to harmonize approaches to budgetary processes in the field of educational funding with a country's technological, qualificational, and institutional prerequisites, as well as with strategic forecasts of the socio-economic development of national economies.
THE ROLE OF BETA-AMYLOID IN NORM AND AT ALZHEIMER`S DISEASE
Authors:   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tyshchenko Yu. N. , Lukyanetz E.A. ,   O.O. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. The pathogenesis of AD is complex, depends on many factors, and has not yet been fully studied. Extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (Ab) peptide in the form of senile plaques, the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and massive neuronal loss are considered as the main pathological signs of AD. However, recently there have been many data that indicate other pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AD. This review aims to analyze the existing data on the physiological role of Ab in the brain under normal conditions and its pathological role in Alzheimer’s disease.
Some Peculiarities of Urolith Ontogeny of the Inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk Region
Authors: ISHKOV V.V. , KOZII Ye.S. , TRUFANOVA M.O.
Published: December 2020

According to the data of World Health Organization, the incidence of a disease of inhabitants with urolithiasis is constantly growing; moreover the number of recurrences of this disease is stable at 70%. The purpose of the work is to identify some features of the ontogenesis of uroliths from the kidneys of the inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk region, primarily related to the structure and morphology of these formations. Based on comparative analyzes of morphological observations of more than 300 kidney stones investigated in inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk region, it was found that spherulites and druse-like aggregates as well as their combinations are the most common among them. Moreover areas of attachment to renal papillae are usually observed on the surface of spherulitic formations and, as a rule, druse-like aggregates are formed in free space of a renal pelvis. Therefore, the specific features of the morphology of urinary stones allow to establish the most favorable areas of the urinary system for their predominant formation in each patient. Urolites of spherical shape differ in zonal structure, while the zonal structure is formed by the alternation of both essentially mineral and mainly organic layers, and mineral layers of different composition as well. Mineralogical and petrographic studies of urinary stones revealed the presence of 15 mineral species, mainly urate and oxalate compounds, with monomineral formations occurring in less than 1%. Multiscale microblocking and the presence of organic matter inclusions are characteristic features of the crystals of all established minerals. The central part of the uroliths is usually represented by accumulations of organic matter containing a highly dispersed mineral component. It is proved that such characteristics as color, size, shape and character of the surface of uroliths of the inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk region are not very informative for the establishment of their predominant mineral composition. The accumulation of analytical material on the ontogenesis of urinary stones, their structure and mineral composition and its generalization, taking into account the medical and biological characteristics of each patient and the geoecological state of the region, could contribute to solution of an important social task — prevention and effective treatment of urolithiasis.
Modeling the Kinetics of Saline Minerals Dissolution in Dombrovsky Quarry at the Kalush-Golinsky Potassium Salts Deposit
Authors: MALKOVA Ya.O. , BOBKOV V.M. , DOLIN V.V.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the peculiarities of the chemical composition formation of brines in the Dombrovsky quarry, primarily due to the dissolution of potash ore minerals and host rocks in water coming from the pebble horizon and atmospheric precipitation. The solubility of the ore body minerals has been studied, and it ranges from 333 to 502 g∙dm–3. The boundary conditions for the formation of a saturated salt solution were determined. The estimated concentration of saturated potash ore solution under normal conditions is 426 g∙dm–3. The mechanism of dissolution is considered from the standpoint of D.I. Mendeleev's chemical theory of solutions. The temporary dynamics of minerals dissolution of the ore body is studied experimentally. The parameters of kinetic-diffusion process are calculated. The rate of the dissolution process, which occurs in the kinetic region, significantly exceeds the rate of concentration diffusion of hydrated ions: from 5 to 400 times depending on the mineral composition of salts. Theoretically from the point of view of multistage process kinetics and experimentally in laboratory conditions it is proved that the process that determines the formation of the chemical composition of brines (the slowest stage) is the concentration diffusion of hydrated ions Na+, K+, Cl–. They enter the liquid phase due to the minerals dissolution of the ore body and host rocks of soil and sides of the quarry, in the direction of overcoming the concentration difference - from the lower layers of the brine to its surface. This conclusion is confirmed by the ratio of weight coefficients а1 and а2. The contribution of the process of the main minerals dissolution of the ore body to the chemical composition formation of the solution is significantly less than the concentration diffusion process.
Under-5 Mortality in Central America: 1990–2016
Authors: Castro Franz , Benavides Lara Adriana , Garcés Ana , Moreno-Velásquez Ilais , Odell Chris , Pérez Wilton , Ortiz-Panozo Eduardo
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

We aimed to calculate the change in under-5 mortality rates (U5MRs) (1990–2016), to assess countries’ status regarding Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2.1 (reducing the U5MR to ≤25 deaths per 1000 live births by 2030), to list the most important causes of death (1990, 2016), and to examine the association between selected SDG indicators and U5MRs using a linear mixed-effects regression.

METHODS:

Ecological study in which we used estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 for Central American countries. Results were expressed as U5MRs (deaths per 1000 live births), cause-specific mortality rates (deaths per 100 000 population <5 years of age), and regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS:

U5MRs decreased 65% (1990–2016), and in 2016, all countries but Guatemala had met SDG 3.2.1. The main causes of death were diarrheal diseases (1990; 311.1 per 100 000) and lower respiratory infections (LRIs) (2016; 78.1 per 100 000). When disaggregated by country (2016), congenital birth defects were the most important cause of death in all countries except for in Honduras (neonatal preterm birth) and Guatemala (LRIs). Nutritional status; availability of water, sanitation, and hygiene services; coverage of vaccines; and coverage of contraception were associated with a reduction in U5MRs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Central America has achieved a large reduction in U5MRs. Countries must address both the high mortality caused by LRIs and the rising mortality caused by noncommunicable causes of death through an improvement of SDG indicators that guarantees equitable progress in child survival in the region.
Site-Level Variation in the Characteristics and Care of Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal
Authors: Young Leslie W. , Hu Zhuopei , Annett Robert D. , Das Abhik , Fuller Janell F. , Higgins Rosemary D. , Lester Barry M. , Merhar Stephanie L. , Simon Alan E. , Ounpraseuth Songthip , Smith P. Brian , Crawford Margaret M. , Atz Andrew M. , Cottrell Lesley E. , Czynski Adam J. , Newman Sarah , Paul David A. , Sánchez Pablo J. , Semmens Erin O. , Smith M. Cody , Turley Christine B. , Whalen Bonny L. , Poindexter Brenda B. , Snowden Jessica N. , Devlin Lori A. ,   EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK AND THE NIH ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES (ECHO) PROGRAM INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AWARDS STATES PEDIATRIC CLINICAL TRIALS NETWORK
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Variation in pediatric medical care is common and contributes to differences in patient outcomes. Site-to-site variation in the characteristics and care of infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) has yet to be quantified. Our objective was to describe site-to-site variation in maternal-infant characteristics, infant management, and outcomes for infants with NOWS.

METHODS:

Cross-sectional study of 1377 infants born between July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017, who were ≥36 weeks’ gestation, with NOWS (evidence of opioid exposure and NOWS scoring within the first 120 hours of life) born at or transferred to 1 of 30 participating hospitals nationwide. Site-to-site variation for each parameter within the 3 domains was measured as the range of individual site-level means, medians, or proportions.

RESULTS:

Sites varied widely in the proportion of infants whose mothers received adequate prenatal care (31.3%–100%), medication-assisted treatment (5.9%–100%), and prenatal counseling (1.9%–75.5%). Sites varied in the proportion of infants with toxicology screening (50%–100%) and proportion of infants receiving pharmacologic therapy (6.7%–100%), secondary medications (1.1%–69.2%), and nonpharmacologic interventions including fortified feeds (2.9%–90%) and maternal breast milk (22.2%–83.3%). The mean length of stay varied across sites (2–28.8 days), as did the proportion of infants discharged with their parents (33.3%–91.1%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Considerable site-to-site variation exists in all 3 domains. The magnitude of the observed variation makes it unlikely that all infants are receiving efficient and effective care for NOWS. This variation should be considered in future clinical trial development, practice implementation, and policy development.
Identification and Management of Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hornberger Laurie L. , Lane Margo A. ,   THE COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Hornberger Laurie L. , Lane Margo , Breuner Cora C. , Alderman Elizabeth M. , Grubb Laura K. , Powers Makia , Upadhya Krishna Kumari , Wallace Stephenie B. , Hornberger Laurie L. , Lane Margo , FRCPC MD , Loveless Meredith , Menon Seema , Zapata Lauren , Hua Liwei , Smith Karen , Baumberger James
Published: December 2020

Eating disorders are serious, potentially life-threatening illnesses afflicting individuals through the life span, with a particular impact on both the physical and psychological development of children and adolescents. Because care for children and adolescents with eating disorders can be complex and resources for the treatment of eating disorders are often limited, pediatricians may be called on to not only provide medical supervision for their patients with diagnosed eating disorders but also coordinate care and advocate for appropriate services. This clinical report includes a review of common eating disorders diagnosed in children and adolescents, outlines the medical evaluation of patients suspected of having an eating disorder, presents an overview of treatment strategies, and highlights opportunities for advocacy.
Rare Genetic Variants in Immune Genes and Neonatal Herpes Simplex Viral Infections
Authors: Cummings Lauren , Tucker Megan , Gibson Margaret , Myers Angela , Pastinen Tomi , Johnston Jeffrey , Farrow Emily , Sampath Venkatesh
Published: December 2020

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a devastating disease with high mortality, particularly when disseminated. Studies in adults and children suggest that susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) may represent phenotypes for inborn errors in toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling. However, the genetic basis of susceptibility to neonatal HSV including disseminated disease remains unknown. To test the hypothesis that variants in known HSE-susceptible genes as well as genes mediating HSV immunity will be identified in neonatal HSV, we performed an unbiased exome sequencing study in 10 newborns with disseminated, HSE, and skin, eyes, and mouth disease. Determination of potential impact on function was determined by following American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. We identified deleterious and potentially deleterious, rare variants in known HSE-related genes including a stop IRF3 variant (disseminated), nonsynonymous variants in TLR3 and TRAF3 (HSE), STAT1 (skin, eyes, and mouth), and DBR1 (disseminated) in our cohort. Novel and rare variants in other immunodeficiency genes or HSV-related immune genes GRB2, RAG2, PRF1, C6, C7, and MSR1 were found in 4 infants. The variant in GRB2, essential for T-lymphocyte cell responses to HSV, is a novel stop variant not found in public databases. In this pilot study, we identified deleterious or potentially deleterious variants in TLR3 pathway and genes that regulate anti-HSV immunity in neonates with HSV including disseminated disease. Larger, definitive studies incorporating functional analysis of genetic variants are required to validate these data and determine the role of immune genetic variants in neonatal HSV susceptibility.
Coletores de lixo no Brasil em 2013
Authors: Alves de Carvalho Angelita , dos Santos Teixeira Thatiana , De Carvalho Alves Larissa
Published: December 2020

Os catadores de materiais recicláveis podem ser considerados elementos-chave no processo de sustentabilidade ambiental, desempenhando importantes atividades para o tratamento adequado dos resíduos sólidos. Este trabalho visa analisar a dinâmica de trabalho e as condições de saúde dos coletores de lixo no Brasil no ano de 2013 e estabelecer comparações com a totalidade dos trabalhadores ocupados em outras profissões. Foram utilizados os dados quantitativos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 a partir de modelagem estatísticas. Pôde-se constatar que homens, mais velhos, com baixa escolaridade, de cor/raça preta ou parda, com baixa remuneração e que fazem uso do tabaco e/ou do álcool diariamente apresentam mais chances de ocuparem a profissão de catador. Os resultados retratam que os trabalhadores da coleta de materiais recicláveis do Brasil constituem uma fração da força de trabalho bastante vulnerável, sendo necessário que os agentes governamentais de saúde enfrentem a problemática das condições de trabalho e saúde dos catadores
PARA SUPERAR EL FLAGELO DEL HAMBRE
Authors: Flores Consuelo Silva
Published: December 2020

El artículo aborda el problema del hambre en el mundo, uno de los fenómenos más aberrantes con que la humanidad inició la nueva década. A partir del año 2014 comenzó a manifestarse una tendencia ascendente en la inseguridad alimentaria hasta alcanzar niveles graves en 2019-2020. Con el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, se ha acentuado la preocupación respecto a los efectos que ésta podría provocar en la crisis alimentaria a nivel mundial y, especialmente, en América Latina y el Caribe, debido a que es el continente donde el acceso mercantil a la alimentación se sitúa entre las más costosas del mundo. Por cierto, la región no enfrenta escasez de alimentos, sino que al contrario hay abundancia de ellos. Estas contradicciones hacen necesario cuestionarse si la liberalización del mercado ha sido una solución para resolver el problema del hambre a nivel mundial. Así como también, revisar la pertinencia de las políticas “oficiales” de seguridad alimentaria y de sus instituciones impulsoras. Una de las vías de solución es lograr la acción coordinada y permanente de los Estados para garantizar la provisión de alimentos a la población y evitar el avance del hambre. Hoy más que nunca se requiere el fortalecimiento de proyectos de integración regional basados en la soberanía alimentaria.
Disputa do fundo público em tempos de pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Salvador Evilasio
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a execução orçamentária dos recursos do fundo público destinados especificamente para ações de combate à COVID--19, no âmbito do estado de calamidade pública que o Brasil vivencia, problematizando com a política de austeridade fiscal, em particular, os efeitos da Emenda Constitucional 95 nos gastos públicos. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento da execução orçamentária no sistema SIGA Brasil do Senado Federal e nos dados orçamentários disponibilizados no Painel Covid pelo Instituto Fiscal Independente (IFI). Os resultados da análise demonstram que as políticas de austeridade vêm ocasionando um efeito devastador nos gastos públicos brasileiro, implodindo a estrutura de recursos vinculados às políticas sociais definida na Constituição Federal de 1988. A execução das ações orçamentárias referentes ao novo coronavírus estão aquém do necessário, sobretudo, na política de saúde pública. O fundo público que o prioriza o pagamento de juros da dívida pública tem se mostrado insuficiente para fazer frente aos desafios e efeitos do agravamento das desigualdades sociais, do desemprego e fome que assola o país em tempos de pandemia no Brasil.
Entrevista com Jorge Gilberto Krug
Authors: Bezerra Alves Keller Suéllen
Published: December 2020

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A Fundamentação marxiana para a formação e trabalho do Assistente Social no Brasil
Authors: Cruz Prates Jane
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo versa sobre a formação e o trabalho profissional do assistente social no Brasil cuja orientação se pauta no paradigma marxiano. Aporta algumas reflexões sobre o contexto histórico em que esse processo se configurou no país e os desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais para a consolidação das diretrizes curriculares. Busca também explicitar as características do referencial marxista que as fundamenta e sua mediação no processo de formação dos assistentes sociais incidindo sobre a constituição de sua identidade e trabalho profissional.
Anti-corruption protests, alliance system and political polarization
Authors: Ferreira de Oliveira Wilson José
Published: December 2020

The fight against corruption has become, in recent years, one of the main international causes. Many studies have been done on the effects and consequences of corrupt and corrupting practices for the political system and for the general society. However, there are still few who are dedicated to analyzing the conditions and dynamics of the fight against corruption as a public and international cause and its consequences and impacts on national political systems. Therefore, the objective of this article is to examine the emergence and spread of anti-corruption movements and protests in Brazil, between 2013 and 2018. I aim to demonstrate that the emergence and development of anti-corruption protests and mobilizations in this period are related to the crisis and collapse of the “alliance system” between the main political leaders and organizations, becoming a political resource to recompose and change such alignments. This analysis shows the relevance of the “political dimension” to understand the process of emergence and the development of protests and mobilizations against corruption.
Feltehetően traumás eredetű sérülések egy ókori egyiptomi múmiafejen
Authors: Szvák Enikő , Győry Hedvig , Sklánitz Antal , Szabó Lénárd , Rosendahl Wilfried , Zesch Stephanie , Scheffer Krisztina , Szikossy Ildikó , Simek Ágnes , Pálfi György , Pap Ildikó
Published: December 2020

Összefoglaló.
Bevezetés: Egy traumás eredetű sérüléseket mutató, ókori
egyiptomi koponya vizsgálatát ismertetjük a Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum
gyűjteményéből. A jelen cikkben egy mumifikált fej elemzését emeltük ki, ennek
átfogó vizsgálatát és részletes eredményeit közöljük.
Célkitűzés: Célunk egy multidiszciplináris vizsgálatsorozat
megvalósítása volt, amelyen keresztül képet kapunk az egykor Egyiptom területén
élt emberek egészségi állapotáról. Módszer: A kutatás során a
múmiákon szerves és szervetlen kémiai analíziseket, komputertomográfiai és
röntgenvizsgálatot, szénizotópos kormeghatározást végeztünk, és felhasználtunk
biológiai antropológiai módszereket is. Eredmények: A koponya
igazoltan az ókori Egyiptomból származik, és mivel sebei gyógyulásnak indultak,
véleményünk szerint az egyén túlélte a fejét ért behatást. Ez meglepő
eredménynek minősül, hiszen ilyen jellegű életveszélyes traumás sérüléseket csak
akkor lehet nagy valószínűséggel túlélni, ha megfelelő orvosi ellátás áll
rendelkezésre. Következtetés: Úgy gondoljuk, ebben az esetben
is ez történt, bizonyítva, hogy az egyiptomi orvosi ismeretek valóban igen
fejlettek és az orvoslás magas színvonalú volt. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(51):
2162–2170.

Summary.
Introduction: We are presenting the analysis of an ancient
Egyptian mummified head from the collection of the Hungarian Natural History
Museum, which shows special traumatic injuries. The examination of this artefact
nicely demonstrates the procedures we usually apply in our research on the
Egyptian mummies of the Museum. Objective: Our aim was to
implement a series of multidisciplinary studies to get a picture of the health
condition of these people once living in the territory of Egypt.
Method: When researching the mummies, we performed organic
and non-organic chemical analyses, computed tomography, X-ray examinations,
radiocarbon isotope dating as well as biological anthropological methods.
Results: In this article, we report on the comprehensive
examination of the skull and the detailed results we got. The skull is proven to
originate from ancient Egypt. Conclusion: As the wounds began
to heal, we can conclude that the individual survived the impact on his head.
This is quite surprising as such life-threatening traumatic injuries can only be
survived if adequate medical care is available. We believe this was the case
also here, i. e., ancient Egyptian medicine was highly
developed and of really high standards. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(51): 2162–2170.
Design and Performance of Scaled-Up Microwave Dryer for Seaweed Drying
Authors: Hakim Arif Rahman , Handoyo Wahyu Tri , Prasetya Adrianto Widi
Published: December 2020

Direct sunlight is commonly used to dry fresh seaweed by artisanal farmers in Indonesia due to its low cost and ease of handling. Nevertheless, this method poses some drawbacks such as lengthy duration, weather dependency and quality degradation. The application of microwave technology in food processing has progressed dramatically, including in the drying process. The microwave drying method is more efficient and can shorten the processing time. This study aimed to describe a large-scale microwave dryer (MD) design and performance to assist the fresh seaweed drying process. The design concept applies microwave energy with a volumetric heating feature to accelerate the seaweed drying process without damaging its functional groups. The MD dimensions were 2410 (l) x 270 (w) x 210 (h) mm with a dryer capacity of up to six kilograms, an enlarged cavity and multiple magnetrons. The main components of the MD were cavity, air circulation system, drying system and control system. According to the performance testing, the MD’s optimum performance was at a power level setting of P7 and six kilograms load. At this setting, we obtained a dried seaweed with a moisture ratio of 0.68±0.05, drying rate of 30.29±1.32 g/min, specific energy consumption of 3.96±0.08 MJ/kg H2O and energy efficiency of 58.45±2.65%. The total power of the P7 setting operation required 2.00 kW. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that the functional groups of the dried seaweed were unaltered.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a lipoxygenase gene (CsLOX1) from cucumber
Authors: ZHOU Yong , XU Mingyuan , LAI Wei , CHEN Lianghai , YANG Yingui , LIU Shiqiang
Published: December 2020

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are non-heme iron enzymes that play crucial roles in many developmental processes during plant life, and defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a lipoxygenase gene (CsLOX1) was cloned and characterized from cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The coding sequence (CDS) of CsLOX1 was 741 bp, and encoded an 878 amino-acid residue protein, which was predicted to be located in the cytoplasm. CsLOX1 contained the conserved LH2/PLAT and lipoxygenase domains, as well as the representative 38 amino acids motif [His-(X)4-His-(X)4-His-(X)17-His-(X)8-His]. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that CsLOX1 was closely related to other dicot 9-LOXs and posesess the essential conserved residues involved in the binding of the iron atom. Promoter analysis suggested that several development-, stress-, and hormone-related cis-acting regulatory elements were present in the promoter region of CsLOX1. The function of CsLOX1 was assessed by overexpression it in Arabidopsis, and the transgenic plants were male sterile and displayed obviously increased floral shoots. These results provide some clues for revealing the biological roles of CsLOX1 in cucumber.
Computer vision-based dimension measurement system for olive identification
Authors: BEYAZ Abdullah
Published: December 2020

Olive tree is an important portion of the human history of Mediterranean nations. On the other hand, local varieties are important for each producer regions and even countries. So, olive cultivars are important for agricultural production for these people. The traditional pomological identifiers of the olive trees based on fruits and leaves, also morphometric analysis of size, additionally shape elliptic analysis of endocarp. Because of this reason, in this study, for the ‘Picual’ olive cultivar identification, a fast and easy method was presented. For this aim, ‘Picual’ olive leaf, fruit, and stone dimension measurement values obtained from real-time video images. ‘Picual’ olive fruit, stone, leaf samples evaluated by using real-time computer vision measurements. Regression analysis was applied to the data which was obtained from real-time video and caliper measurements. According to the regression coefficient results, the regression between caliper length measurement (OLLM) and computer vision video length measurement (OLLCV) found as 98.9%, also the regression between caliper width measurement (OLWM) and computer vision video width measurement (OLWCV) found as 97.9% at ‘Picual’ leaves, additionally, the regression between caliper length measurement (OFLM) and computer vision video length measurement (OFLCV) found as 98.5% the regression between caliper width measurement (OFWM) and computer vision video width measurement (OFWCV) found as 98.1 % at ‘Picual’ fruits, at last, the regression between caliper length measurement (OSLM) and computer vision video length measurement (OSLCV) found as 86.2%, the regression between caliper width measurement (OSWM) and computer vision video width measurement (OSWCV) found as 75.3% at ‘Picual’ stones.
Classification of hazelnut cultivars: comparison of DL4J and ensemble learning algorithms
Authors: KOC Caner , GERDAN Dilara , EMİNOĞLU Maksut B. , YEGÜL Uğur , KOC Bulent , VATANDAŞ Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Classification of hazelnuts is one of the values adding processes that increase the marketability and profitability of its production. While traditional classification methods are used commonly, machine learning and deep learning can be implemented to enhance the hazelnut classification processes. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of machine learning frameworks to classify hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars (‘Sivri’, ‘Kara’, ‘Tombul’) using DL4J and ensemble learning algorithms. For each cultivar, 50 samples were used for evaluations. Maximum length, width, compression strength, and weight of hazelnuts were measured using a caliper and a force transducer. Gradient boosting machine (Boosting), random forest (Bagging), and DL4J feedforward (Deep Learning) algorithms were applied in traditional machine learning algorithms. The data set was partitioned into a 10-fold-cross validation method. The classifier performance criteria of accuracy (%), error percentage (%), F-Measure, Cohen’s Kappa, recall, precision, true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), false negative (FN) values are provided in the results section. The results showed classification accuracies of 94% for Gradient Boosting, 100% for Random Forest, and 94% for DL4J Feedforward algorithms.
Analysis of agronomic and chemical-nutritional variability of fruits in Amazon germplasm of Capsicum chinense
Authors: SANTANA Santina R. , Da SILVA Derly J. H. , BHERING Leonardo L. , GOMES Ronaldo S. , ROSADO Renato D. S. , LIMA Paula C. C.
Published: December 2020

Fruits of Capsicum chinense, a native species of Amazon Basin, express high levels of bioactive components such as vitamin C and carotenoids; some of them with pronounced pro-vitamin A activity such as β-carotene, which confers high economic potential to this species. The characterization of C. chinense germplasm helps in its management and conservation. Therefore, this practice is considered crucial for the identification of genotypes with superior characteristics, especially in relation to agronomic aspects and chemical-nutritional characteristics of fruits. This study aimed to characterize 55 C. chinense accessions collected from the Brazilian Amazon in terms of their agronomic and chemical-nutritional descriptors aiming to identify superior genotypes for these traits. The characterization was performed in a completely randomized design with 5 replications in non-heated environment. There was significant difference for all descriptors, confirming the variability among accessions. High heritability estimates for descriptors, such as fruit yield (95.1%) and vitamin C content of fruit (92.4%), was found to be associated with high CVg/CVe ratios of these traits, indicating a favorable condition for the selection of superior genotypes for these characteristics. A considerable part of the accessions expressed averages higher than the checks, notably for the fruit yield and the content of vitamin C. The cluster analysis resulted in the formation of 11 groups, corroborating the high variability of accessions for the agronomic and chemical-nutritional aspects of fruits. The evaluated C. chinense germplasm thus expressed high fruit yield and vitamin C content in the fruits, which makes it a promising source for the selection of superior genotypes.
Tillage intensity and compost application effects on organically grown camelina productivity, seed and oil quality
Authors: ANGELOPOULOU Foteini , TSIPLAKOU Eleni , BILALIS Dimitrios
Published: December 2020

The importance of Camelina sativa has lessened substantially over the last half century, however its unique oil composition and the beneficial agronomic attributes with regard to sustainable agriculture have recently reignited interest in this oilseed crop. Notwithstanding the great interest in camelina, the potential to be cultivated organically has not received prominent attention from researchers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of organic camelina to different tillage systems and compost types, based on differences in yield parameters, oil content, seed crude protein and fatty acid profile. The field experiments, conducted during the 2014, 2015 and 2016 growing seasons, were laid out in a split plot design with three replicates, two main plots (conventional tillage and minimum tillage) and three sub-plots (vermicompost, compost, unamended control). It is consequential from the results that the effect of the type of organic amendment was highly significant on camelina’s productivity. Particularly, compost treatment resulted in higher seed and oil yield (1132 and 446 kg ha-1, respectively) compared to the vermicompost (682 and 269 kg ha-1, respectively) and the unamended control (554 and 220 kg ha-1, respectively). Regarding the fatty acid profile, both organic amendments increased linoleic and palmitic acids, while they presented disparate effects on a-linolenic acid. Furthermore, tillage system influenced significantly only thousand seeds weight, protein content and gondoic acid, enabling the use of reduced tillage to be comparably effective on organically grown camelina performance. Further experimentation is needed to match crop needs with the appropriate cropping techniques in order to ensure an effective organic cultivation.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the antioxidant capacity of tea (Camellia sinensis) seedlings under drought stress
Authors: LIU Chun-Yan , WANG Yu-Juan , WU Qiang-Sheng , YANG Tian-Yuan , KUČA Kamil
Published: December 2020

A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the response of leaf antioxidant enzyme systems to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Clariodeoglomus etunicatum in tea (Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Fuding Dabaicha’) seedlings under drought stress (DS). Root AMF colonization was significantly decreased after an eight-week soil drought treatment. Plant growth performance (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and root biomass), leaf relative water content, and leaf water potential were notably decreased under DS conditions, whereas these variables exhibited significantly higher responses in mycorrhizal seedlings than in non-mycorrhizal seedlings. The DS treatment markedly increased leaf superoxide anion concentration but did not affect malondialdehyde content, whereas both were reasonably decreased by AMF colonization regardless of water status. The seedlings colonized by AMF showed substantially higher antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase than the non-AMF colonized seedlings under both well-watered and DS conditions. DS markedly upregulated the relative expression of CsSOD in both AMF and non-AMF seedlings and the relative expression of CsCAT in AMF seedlings. Meanwhile, AMF-colonized seedlings represent markedly higher relative expressions of CsSOD and CsCAT than non-AMF seedlings, irrespective of water status. It concludes that mycorrhizal tea plants had higher antioxidant enzyme activity and corresponding gene expression under DS, indicating a stronger ability to alleviate the oxidative damage of drought.