bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooling-induced SUMOylation of EXOSC10 down-regulates ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Knight John R.P. , Bastide Amandine , Peretti Diego , Roobol Anne , Roobol Jo , Mallucci Giovanna R. , Smales C. Mark , Willis Anne E.
Published: March 2016

The RNA exosome is essential for 3′ processing of functional RNA species and degradation of aberrant RNAs in eukaryotic cells. Recent reports have defined the substrates of the exosome catalytic domains and solved the multimeric structure of the exosome complex. However, regulation of exosome activity remains poorly characterized, especially in response to physiological stress. Following the observation that cooling of mammalian cells results in a reduction in 40S:60S ribosomal subunit ratio, we uncover regulation of the nuclear exosome as a result of reduced temperature. Using human cells and an in vivo model system allowing whole-body cooling, we observe reduced EXOSC10 (hRrp6, Pm/Scl-100) expression in the cold. In parallel, both models of cooling increase global SUMOylation, leading to the identification of specific conjugation of SUMO1 to EXOSC10, a process that is increased by cooling. Furthermore, we define the major SUMOylation sites in EXOSC10 by mutagenesis and show that overexpression of SUMO1 alone is sufficient to suppress EXOSC10 abundance. Reducing EXOSC10 expression by RNAi in human cells correlates with the 3′ preribosomal RNA processing defects seen in the cold as well as reducing the 40S:60S ratio, a previously uncharacterized consequence of EXOSC10 suppression. Together, this work illustrates that EXOSC10 can be modified by SUMOylation and identifies a physiological stress where this regulation is prevalent both in vitro and in vivo.
Prospects of image-making as an essential development instrument of tourist services in Samara
Authors: Алексушин Глеб , Aleksushin Gleb
Published: March 2016

The article discusses the prospects and objectives of Samara’s image-making for the growth of tourist potential of the region. In fact, it comes to creating the ideology of tourism development in Samara and Samara Region. Author has distinguished three basic tourism brands within the framework of Samara´s image-making, analyzing each of which as a system of sub-brands. In addition to the basic, less significant brands are formulated the article. Farther, in the analysis of tourism and recreation cluster (TRC) twelve basic types of resources and organizations - participants of TRC - are allocated. Authorial understanding of the structure of TRC is shown for a more adequate perception of it. As well as, the nature and levels of use of the image of the city by specific organizations - representatives of the TRC in Samara are analyzed. Particularly, 127 accommodation facilities and 306 foodservice facilities are analyzed. The efficiency of the three basic tourism brands of Samara in the names of firms-members of tourism business and souvenirs is studied.

As a result, the author has formulated not only the general characteristics of the brands usage, but also the development strategy of image and branding in the evolution of tourist services in Samara.
Development prospects of domestic and inbound tourism in Zabaykalsky Krai
Authors: Устюжина Алена , Ustyuzhina Alena
Published: March 2016

Article examines the prospects for the development of domestic and inbound tourism in Zabaykalsky Krai (Transbaikal region). The author notes that the perspective directions of domestic and inbound tourism can be based on the use of own tourist and recreational resources. Zabaykalsky Krai is well known for its cultural, historical, geological, natural and religious monuments, resort and recreation areas, and sports tourism routes. The dominant role is now played by environmental, educational and health-improving tourism in the tourism industry of the territory. The author notes that scientific, religious, social (child, junior, youth), sports, fishing, rural, congress types of tourism are the most promising.

The author correlates the main types of tourism with the respective tourism resources of Zabaykalsky Krai, with using the method of tourism zoning. As well as, statistics for last years that describes the dynamics of the development of domestic and inbound tourism in the region is given.

The author has conducted SWOT-analysis of tourism development on the territory of Zabaykalsky Krai to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the tourism industry, and also to estimate external potential threats and tourism opportunities. Creation of the Chita and Transbaikal tourism and recreational clusters in Zabaykalsky Krai is justified. The article analyzes the regional long-term target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in Zabaykalsky Krai (2014-2018 years)", describes the stages of the program.
Tourism and recreational planning in municipal entities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Цыщук Евгений , Tsyshchuk Evgeniy
Published: March 2016

Today, the new conditions and opportunities for sustainable tourism development on the territory of municipalities are formed. Structural changes, involving the use of scientifically grounded approaches in the management of a tourism complex of territories, are taking place. Scientific researches, which are of key importance today, related to justification of priorities, prospects and mechanisms of tourism development, designing of tourism and recreational land use prospective plans and consolidated investment plans of the development of tourism and supporting infrastructure, creation of municipal tourism development programs. One of the main directions of such work is development of new methodological approaches and instruments that form the methodological basis of studies, their practical use and adaptation to modern conditions of social and economic development of municipal entities.
Role of specialized tourism projects based on the national fairytale symbols in patriotic education of children
Authors: Агамирова Екатерина , Agamirova Ekaterina , Агамирова Елизавета , Agamirova Elizaveta
Published: March 2016

The article is devoted to specialized tourism projects, which are focused on the formation and development of patriotism in young children. In recent years, the problems of patriotic education take key place in national and regional educational and training programs. However, as it is noted in the article, not enough attention is paid to development of patriotism in young children, who are most susceptible to the effects of various forms and pass through one of the most important stages in the formation of identity. The article highlights the features and techniques of children´s patriotic development and justifies importance of emotional connection with a territory or place in formation of this feeling in children. The article also shows that the development of specialized tourism and local history projects can be an instrument of formation and promotion of images of national heroes and patriotism in general. The article describes a specialized project "Fairytale Map of Russia". The authors have revealed the potential for its use in children´s educational and training programs for the development of patriotism. The main objective of creating an image of the national folk hero is the selection and positioning of its strengths and qualities, which in most cases are the basis for the formation of the child´s personality and can be used for the development of patriotic characteristics of children. The article presents the description of Russian national fairytale heroes that may be the basis for an empirical image for the generation a sense of love of country in young children. The authors have determined that the use of submitted fairytale images allows solving a number of key tasks associated with different areas of children’s education. In the article the connection between common educational functions and the functions of patriotism is revealed; and categorization of folk images of national fairytale heroes on the basis of their impact on the development of certain common cultural and patriotic qualities is provided.
Additional educational program “Young Tour Guide School”
Authors: Ерофеева Жанна , Erofeeva Zhanna , Романова Ольга , Romanova Olga , Киселева Татьяна , Kiseleva Tatyana
Published: March 2016

Civil and patriotic education is a priority of education at the present stage of society development. Traditional forms of work (lectures, lesson, class hours) does not allow to generate inner attitude in students, so the new methods and techniques, providing an active position of schoolchildren and experience of socially approved independent work, are in necessity. Excursions in the school museum conducted by trainees can be regarded as a form of such work. But the organization of excursions or preparation of the exhibition requires forming of appropriate competences in schoolchildren. Teachers working in this area have experienced a number of scientific and methodological, methodical and organizational difficulties. The temporary creative team has analyzed existing practices in this field, has taken into account the shortcomings, and has used the best practices of educational institutions. The methodology and technology training of tour guides for museums in educational organizations are summarized in the program "Young Tour Guide School".

The article presents additional educational program for school museums tour guides, developed by experts of Center for children and youth tourism and excursions in Yaroslavl region, staff of Agency for Tourism in Yaroslavl region, and scientists from leading universities of Yaroslavl. The program includes curriculum, methodical and didactic support. The authors have developed assessment criteria of the effectiveness of this educational program, which allows monitoring the educational activity. The article describes two possible models of implementation of the program and outlines the prospects for its development and improvement.

Additional educational program "Young Tour Guide School", submitted in the article, has been tested and has proven its effectiveness for the formation of experience of independent public action of students.
Customer-oriented approach as a key effectiveness driver of tourism enterprises
Authors: Коновалова Елена , Konovalova Elena
Published: March 2016

The article deals with customer-oriented approach as a fundamental factor for achieving stability of the financial and economic indicators for the operation and growth of the tourism enterprise. The article provides recommendations to generate measures that will ensure the development of the company through high class service offerings. Customer-oriented approach is the one of the most important conditions for the tourism company’s success. In this case, rendering of tourist services is based on understanding and meeting the needs of consumers. . The main purpose of customer orientation is achieving consumer satisfaction and, as a consequence, retention and preservation of it. Organizational difficulties arise in the selection of personnel for work in tourist enterprises. The standards of functioning of tourism enterprises depend not only on the competitive environment, but also on capabilities of organization purely individualized products according to customer needs. The peculiarities of the financial and economic situation are forced to look for solutions related to investment processes. Travel company not only organizes tours, but forms the very concept of recreation through promoting and positioning certain opportunities for spending time. Virtually any company working in the sphere of tourist services considers customer-oriented approach as one of its key competitiveness factors. Today, in times of the crisis, the problem of customer loyalty is even more updated. Tourism businesses are no exception. The large tourism company and small travel agencies look for "their" customers, and when finding, try to provide them comfort, convenience in the provision of tourist services, and wish to maintain a benevolent attitude. The formation of customer loyalty to tourism enterprise remains one of the main management goals of any travel company. High degree of customer loyalty and devotedness to the company is almost fanatical veneration of the brand, trademarks of the organization.
Features of preparation and organization of patriotic quest games (case-study: quest game "We remember, we are proud" dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War)
Authors: Гусейнова Алена , Guseynova Alena
Published: March 2016

The article discusses the features of patriotic quest games by the example of cognitive game "We remember, we are proud", which have been organized by Center for children and youth tourism and excursions. At the beginning of the article the basic principles of the development and implementation quests in a museum are determined, the urgency such activities is highlighted. Further the author, following own experience, introduces readers to the development of game-investigation "We remember, we are proud", represents the progress of work and the final results. The article describes course of the game, the event format, the main playgrounds. It is planned to combine the two interactive forms: a solution of game tasks by examining the museum exhibition and collective cognitive activity. The case of considered game has been successfully presented and has been declared the winner in the regional competition of teaching materials for patriotic education "Proud of Russia!" (Yaroslavl). This working out the game has been successfully presented at the intramural competitive selection of innovative projects of young scientists on priority directions of science and technology "Innovation potential of youth" (Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D.Ushinsky), as well as on the webinar of the State educational institution of Yaroslavl region "Center for children and youth tourism and excursions" - "Excursion routes to mark the 70th anniversary of Victory ("Guided educational programs dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic war")." Currently, the authorial case of the game-investigation is the working material of the Center for children and youth tourism and excursions and is successfully put into practice in the course of the game for students of secondary school. Theme of the article is relevant in the context of the public policy in patriotic education and preserving the memory of the Great Patriotic War.
Beautification and preservation of the sites of memory of World War I in West Belarus in 1921-1939
Authors: Морозов Дмитрий , Morozov Dmitriy
Published: March 2016

This article describes the process of preservation and beautification of military cemeteries and memorials of World War I on the territory of Western Belarus in 1921-1939. Aspects of cooperation between state bodies and public organizations are discussed. The author relies on the legislative acts and periodicals of that period, as well as modern literature and Web-sites of specialized public organizations. The article considers the main legislative acts that manage activities for protection and arrangement of sites of memory of World War I. The questions of the relation of the different people to memory of the victims of Great World are raised; examples of particular actions for its preservation on the territory of the Western Belarus in 1921-1939 are given.

The author determines the role of World War I in the history of Belarus and its heritage. The article contains information about key battles on Eastern front, and also about features of burial of soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army. The special attention is paid to joint military burials where Russian and German soldiers were buried and which are symbols of posthumous reconciliation of hostile sides.

Various ways integration of sites of memory of Great War´s to modern military patriotic routes, which are urged to inform new generations about this grandiose conflict of the XX century, are considered.
Effective practices of support and stimulation of rural tourism development: regional level
Authors: Трухачев Александр , Trukhachev Aleksandr
Published: March 2016

Analysis of rural tourism management practices in Russia shows that at the regional level is implemented more active and often productive stimulating policy of rural tourism development. Generalization of regional experience of stimulation and support of rural tourism allows identifying the most effective practices and advanced experience. The article presents the main results of conducted by the author the total survey of legal and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, related to the development of rural tourism. In particular, the typology of measures aimed at the rural tourism development is proposed. Author justifies the usage of direct (address) or indirect (mediated) nature of the measures applied as signs of the typology. Financial and fiscal instruments, public-private partnerships, as well as measures of information and consulting support are ranked as the measures of direct effect. In the group of indirect measures are included advocacy, marketing measures and action to control and monitoring of rural tourism development. Author proves that for supporting rural tourism the indirect measures are the most commonly used. It is caused by aspiration of regional tourism authorities to universalize the regulation of various types of tourism. The author proves that this practice should be regarded as limited, as it does not take into account the specifics of rural tourism and the conditions of its development. Public-private partnership is used less frequently. It is associated with the established practice of the support of tourism investment projects, development of the cluster approach in tourism.
CHINCHILLA MICROBIOCENOSIS AT NONINFECTIOUS PATHOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN THE CONDITIONS OF SAMARA
Authors: Ермаков  , Ermakov Vlyadimir
Published: March 2016

The purpose of research is the resistance increasing of the chinchillas organism to the representatives of pathogenic and conditionally-pathogenic microbes with non-infectious pathology for the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the purpose of the study, were as follows – extruding and identification chinchillas contained family transient and resident representatives microbiocenosis; by morphological, tincrial, cultural, biochemical and serological properties of these microbes. The experimental group, chinchillas with non-communicable disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenteritis and colitis) in fecals resident microorganisms Enterococcus faecalis – КОЕ 2.85h104±0.23, Peptococcus niger – 3.64h105±0.33, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius – 3.74h104±0/52, Lactobacillus delbrueckii – 2.84h102±0.53, Bifidobacterium bifidum – 3.16h102±0.46, Es-cherichia coli – 2.67h105±0.53, Serratia marcescens – 2.95h104±0.13, Bacteroides fragilis – 2.57h103±0.12, Prevotella bivia – 4.21h103±0.24 were identified. Among the transient microorganisms were identified Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. saprophiticus, Streptococcus rattus and S. cricetus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter diversus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Yersinia enterocolitica, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, B. subtillis, Clostridium sporogenes, C . ramosum, C. difficile, Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter coli. In conclusion: Microbiocenosis healthy chinchillas includes automicroflora occupying a certain ecological area in the animal organism. With the development of non-contagious disease of the gastrointestinal tract in chinchillas reduces the number of automicroflora and its situation replaces transient and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms, penetrating into the body of animal alimentary and fecal-oral. It is important to use the effective probiotics for chinchillas gastrointestinal tract.
THE FEATURES OF GUINEA PIGS INTESTINAL MICROBIOCENOSIS
Authors: Ермаков  , Ermakov Vlyadimir , Курлыкова  , Kurlykova Yuliya
Published: March 2016

The purpose of research is increasing the resistance of Guinea pigs to the action of pathogenic and conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms causing gastroenteritis. Based on the objectives of the problems were pointed– isolation and identification of guinea pigs transient and resident representatives microbiocenosis; study of morphological, tinctorial, cultural, biochemical and serological properties of these microorganisms. In the study, samples of facals and chimus of guinea pigs with the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenteritis) have been isolated and identified resident microorganisms: Enterococcus faecalis – KOE 3.08h103±0.06, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius – 4.14h104±0.17, Lactobacillus delbrueckii – 4.36h103±0.04, Bifidobacte-rium bifidum – 3.85h103±0.06, Escherichia coli – 3.27h104±0.05, Serratia marcescens – 3.78h104±0.04, Bac-teroides fragilis – 3.88h105±0.14. Among the transient microorganisms were isolated Staphylo-coccus saprophiticus, Streptococcus entericus, S. gallolyticus, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter diversus, Salmonella enteritidis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus subtillis, B. cereus, B. mycoides, B. lichieni-formis, Clostridium sporogenes, C. haemolyticum, C. histolyticum, Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter coli. In conclusion: the main etiological factor for gastroenteritis tested guinea pigs are bacilli and clostridia, which in association with salmonella, jersiniya, helicobacter and campylobacter lead to growing intoxication and bacteriamia of animals. Against this background, the reduction in the concentration of resident microbial cultures that occupy an ecological area in the gastrointestinal tract.
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE COURSE OF ASSOCIATIVE EIMERIA AND SALMONELLAS OF NUTRIA
Authors: Коссе  , Kosse Vera , Полозюк  , Polozyuk Olga , Лапина  , Lapina Tatyana
Published: March 2016

The aim of the research is justification of causal relationship patterns of Salmonella and Eimeria, and their role in the pathology of the disease. The authors analyzed the incidence of salmonellosis nutria and eimeriosis depending on the way of the content. 82 the corpses of nutria was conducted post-mortem autopsy and bacteriological examination. For bacteriological examination were selected the heart, lungs, liver with gallbladder, spleen, kidney, brain, mesenteric lymph nodes, bone from fresh corpses. It is established that in conditions of the same economy under the cellular content of the disease were not recorded, and if outdoor, how and when the content of the deep litter, and on the concrete floor had equally widespread. In the study of pathologic material derived from carcasses of dead nutria, have the following distribution of serovars: S. dublin – 22.8%, S. typhimurium – 40.3%, S. choleraesuis – is 36.9%. For bacteriological tests crops held at IBA, with marked diffuse haze. On Endo agar grew transparent slightly bluish or pinkish colonies 2-4 mm in diameter, on the environment Ploskirev – turbid, more dense, Levin – transparent with slight purple tint on the Wilson-Blair – black with a metallic luster. The culture obtained were studied by optical microscopy, detecting single spaced, do not form spores and capsules with a length of 1-4 µm, with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 μm, sticks. For associative flow of Salmonella and Eimeria nutria characteristic of chronic catarrhal gastritis, acute catarrhal-gemorragicescom-necrotic enterocolitis, congestive redness of the serous membranes of the small and large intestine, mesentery, granular and adipose dystrophy of liver, granular dystrophy of kidneys, myocardium, gemorragicescom-necrotic splenic, acute serous lymphadenitis, congestive hyperemia and edema of the lungs, brain and other organs, hemorrhagic diathesis.
THE APPLICATION OF BEER DRY PELLET IN YOUNG GOAT FODDER
Authors: Захарова  , Zakharova Darya , Зотеев  , Zoteev Vladimir , Симонов  , Simonov Gennadiy
Published: March 2016

The purpose of research is to give an assessment to profitability of the beer dry pellet use in compound feeds for young goat stock. Scientific economic experiment has been made on young goats of Zaanen breed. Animals were divided into three groups, 6 heads in each. Compound feed of control group didn´t contain beer dry pellet (BDP), and the second experiment group feed contained 5.0% BDP (by weight), instead of oats and linen cake part parts, and the composition of compound feed for 3d group included 10.0% of BDP (by weight). During experiments it has been established that at experiment groups exchange processes proceeded more intensively. In blood serum of nanny-goats of experiment groups the content of the general protein exceeded control for 1.9-7.9%, the protein index (А\G coefficient), of animals 3d group was above control for 10.1%. Activity of ALT and AST aminotransfer which indicators were higher in experiment groups by comparison with the control also testifies to intensity of protein exchange. Fluctuations of biochemical indicators of blood were in limits of physiological norm, and, so introduction to a diet of these quantities of beer dry pellet had no negative impact for animals health. Feeding of the compound feed containing BDP reduces prime cost of 1 kg of gain in comparison with control by 2.6% in the 2nd experiment group and for 5.7% in the 3d experiment group. In 2nd and 3d groups, the level of profitability was 3.0-6.4 abs% higher than that in control respectively. Compound feeds cost for 2nd and 3d experiment groups was lower than the cost of compound feed of control group for 1.83% and 4.42% respectively. The experiments conducted give a chance to conclude that the use of BDP in compound feeds for young goat stocks has found to be profitable.
EVALUATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS IN HENS USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
Authors: Новгородова  , Novgorodova Inna
Published: March 2016

The purpose of the study is improvement of pedigree accessory of identification process of poultry with use of microsatellite markers. The analysis was performed with 9 breeds of chickens (n=268) for 16 markers. The studies were performed with the chicken breeds, such as: the Black and White Аustralorp (BWAus), Black Australorp (BAus), Kulangi (Kul), Czech Gold (CzG), Blue Andalusian (BAnd), Naked Neck (NN), Silver Campine (Breukel) (SC), Black Bearded Russian (BBRus), and Minorca (Min). There were 29 to 30 poultry in each experimental group. The researches were carried out at the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Ernst All-Russia Research Institute of Animal Husbandry. Separation and detection of amplification products were performed on an Applied Biosystems АВI3130xl Genetic Analyzer (USA). Statistical data processing was performed using GenAlEx software version 6.4. The work examined genetic diversity of chickens (average number of alleles, number of effective alleles, the level of homo - and heterozygosity, etc.), using microsatellite loci. It should be noted that the average number of alleles in the study ranged from 6.06±0.050 in the BAnd bantams to 7.81±0.73 in the NN chickens, while the number of informative alleles ranged from 3.63±0.30 in the BAnd bantams to 5.44±0.34 in the SC chickens. High informativeness of 16 selected loci performance was noted during the research; the number of alleles ranged from 8 (locus MCW0037) to 25 alleles (locus MCW0183), depending on the locus. The conducted research allowed us to identify the presence of private alleles in the studied breeds of chickens, which were discovered in poultry within 7 of 9 breeds with frequencies of 1.7 to 67.7%. The expected and observed levels of heterozygosity were calculated to assess the variation of the investigated species more accurately; their mean values reached 66.9 and 37.1%, respectively. Breeds of chickens affiliated to their populations were identified based on analysis of 16 microsatellite markers; the estimates varied from 79.3% to 100.0%. Therefore, the use of microsatellite loci in chicken breeding can give more opportunities to create pedigree poultry flocks within the genetic pool of breeds.
DIGESTIVE PARAMETERS OF PUREBREED SHEEP AND THEIR HYBRIDS WITH ARGALI
Authors: Девяткин  , Devyatkin Vladimir , Романов  , Romanov Viktor , Боголюбова  , Bogolyubova Nadezhda , Долгошева  , Dolgosheva Elena
Published: March 2016

The aim of researches is to develop physiological bases of sheep productivity through improved adaptive capacity of the organism. In comparative aspect the peculiarities of the digestive processes in sheep of different genotypes: the domestic sheep and their hybrids with argali. The experiments were carried out in L. K. Ernst Institute of Animal Husbandry in tree groups of sheep of different origins (n=3) with a rumen fistula. Animals of group I – sheep-valukh the Romanov breed II – the hybrids of the second generation ewes of the Romanov breed with argali (25% of kinship) and III – hybrids of the third generation of Edilbaj breed (50% of kinship), of the Romanov breed (37.5% of kinship) and argali (12.5% of kinship). Higher feed intake was observed in hybrid animals. So, consumption of dry matter in the second group it was higher by 14.6%, the third with 15.4%, compared to the control, obviously, was determined breed differences in the intensity of the digestive processes. Set that the origin of the animals affects the orientation of enzymatic processes. In the proventriculus hybrid animals it was more intense compared with the number purebred. This is evidenced by a statistically significant increase in hybrid animals of the concentration of volatile fatty acids (12-21.6% to nursing and 8.7-12% after nursing), a significant increase of amylolytic activity of the rumen fluid (1.5-2.04 E/ml), some reduction in the ammonia concentration. Had higher content of total quantity of microbial mass in the hybrids of the Romanov sheep and argali compared to purebred sheep-valukh (227.1-258.0 mg/100 ml). Of further interest is the comparative study of digestive and metabolic processes at hybrid animals for the op for determining the optimal type and structure of diets.
INFLUENCE OF CROPS WEED WEEDINESS FOR PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS OF WHEAT IN FOREST-STEPPE OF THE SAMARA REGION
Authors: Шарапов  , Sharapov Ivan
Published: March 2016

Research objective is improving the grain yield of wheat by reducing of winter and spring wheat cropsweedines. The studies were carried out on experimental fields of the Povolzsje Science Research Institute of selection and seeds production of P. N. Konstantinov. Volga region Scientifical-research Institute of Selection and Seed growing named after P. N. Konstantinov in 2012-2014. The main purpose of researches was to study influence of weeds for grain yield components in winter and spring wheat. The evaluation of the abundance of weeds was performed by the method of Drude. Under the influence of weed, productivity of land winter wheat decreased by 3-26%, spring wheat decreased by 17-33%. The most harmful for winter wheat turned out creeping-rooted weeds: Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, of young weeds dominated Cánnabis ruderális, and wintering weed: Lactuca serriola, Thlaspi arvense. In the spring wheat was dominated weeds of creeping-rooted form: Convolvulus arvensis, Cirsium arvense, Sónchus arvénsis and Euphorbia virgata. Winter wheat is less exposed to weeds than spring wheat. Yield depression was mainly due to decrease the number of productive stems and dry wheat mass. Also on the harmfulness of weeds is influenced by the weather conditions of the year. For winter wheat during the wet and warm autumn dominated wintering weed: Thlaspi arvense, Lactuca serriola. In years with dry weather conditions creeping-rooted weeds prevail For spring wheat during the wet spring it is dominated the spring weeds in dry years the most harmful creeping-rooted weeds. For the harmfulness of weeds the density of the crop also affect. When sparse crops of weeds more harmful than at the optimum plant density. Infestation weeds adversely for the yield of both winter wheat and spring wheat.
Maximum protection with minimum fuss?
Authors: Watson Rebecca
Published: March 2016

Rebecca Watson, MSc RVN, Clinical specialist EMEA for Midmark Animal Health, outlines the use of boots as an alternative to bandages during exercise
Wounds 101
Authors: Berryman Nicola
Published: March 2016

Redwings Welfare Veterinary Surgeon Nicola Berryman continues her series for equine first aid discussing how to recognise and treat superficial wounds, and when to call the vet
Problems of the mare in the post foaling period
Authors: Richardson Andy
Published: March 2016

Andy Richardson BVSc CertAVP (Equine Stud Medicine) MRCVS, Director, Wessex Equine Ltd, focuses on the health of the mare in the first few days after foaling
Stand damage due to mono-cable winch and bulldozer yarding in a selectively logged tropical forest
Authors: RUSLIM YOSEP , SIHOMBING RUSPITA , LIAH YASON
Published: March 2016

Ruslim Y, Sihombing R, Liah Y. 2016. Stand damage due to mono-cable winch and bulldozer yarding in a selectively loggedÂ tropical forest. Biodiversitas 17: 222-228. Timber yarding with bulldozers has substantial unwanted environmental impacts andÂ degrades the quality residual stands. We contrasted the impacts of bulldozer yarding with yarding with a sled-mounted mono-cablewinches equipped with 20 and 26 horsepower engines and 100 m of wire in a natural forest timber concession in East Kalimantan,Â Indonesia. We compared the two systems on the basis of productivity and stand damage in forests that were selectively logged at theÂ same intensity on slopes â‰¤ 40% for bulldozer and for mono-cable yarding on slopes â‰¤55%. On slopes â‰¤40%, bulldozers yarded anaverage of 10.3 mÂ 3Â hmÂ -1Â hourÂ -1Â to roadside log landings whereas monoable winch productivity was 7.8 mÂ 3Â In these areas,Â mono-cable winching caused 1.2%, 2.0%, 0.6%, and 27.0% less damage to seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees than bulldozer yarding.Â Our study demonstrates that conventional methods such as bulldozer skidding created damage at seedling, sapling, pole and tree levelsÂ of vegetation around 15.3%, 9.9%, 10.8% and 34.5% at slope â‰¤40%. Winch-yarding is rare in tropical forestry, but the low cost of theÂ mono-cable system we tested 3Â day-1Â for yarding distances that averaged 70.5 m, employmentÂ opportunities, and reduced environmental impacts indicate that such systems could make a major contribution to reduced-impact loggingÂ and promote local development.
Fitoremediasi limbah budidaya sidat menggunakan filamentous algae (Spirogyra sp.)
Authors: Apriadi Tri , TM Pratiwi Niken , Hariyadi Sigid
Published: March 2016

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari filamentous algae (Spirogyra sp.) sebagai agen bioremediasi dalam mereduksi kandungan bahan organik limbah budidaya sidat. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan perbedaan dosis limbah (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100%).  Wadah penelitian berupa akuarium resirkulasi menggunakan sistem carrousel. Dilakukan pengukuran secara rutin terhadap beberapa parameter kualitas air serta perubahan bobot Spirogyra sp. selama dua minggu retensi. Diperoleh hasil bahwa penurunan konsentrasi bahan organik menggunakan Spirogyra sp. berlangsung efektif hingga hari keenam. Spirogyra sp. mampu mentolelir limbah budidaya sidat pada dosis limbah 25% dan 50%. Spirogyra sp. pada perlakuan dosis limbah 50% memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik dalam menurunkan bahan organik limbah budidaya sidat.Kata kunci : Bahan organik; Limbah budidaya sidat; Spirogyra sp.
Keragaman genetik ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) dari dua populasi di Laut Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Nebuchadnezzar , P Zamani Neviaty , H Madduppa Hawis
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) is a large, pelagic, and migratory species of tuna that inhabits Moluccas Sea in Indonesia, and most sea environment worldwide. However, high fishing activities tend to happen in the Indonesia region and catch product appear to be decreasing. A better understanding of yellowfin tuna genetic diversity is required to plan better conservation strategy of tuna. The study was conducted to infer the genetic diversity of yellowfin tuna (T. albacores) in the Moluccas Sea. A total of 41 tissue samples of yellowfin tuna were collected from two regions in the Moluccas Sea (North Moluccas and Ambon) during an expedition in February 2013. The results showed that genetic diversity and nucleotide diversity of yellowfin tuna from North Moluccas population was 0.984 and 0.021, respectively; while in Ambon population, the genetic and nucleotide diversities were 1.00 and 0.018, respectively. The high genetic diversity (0.990) and nucleotide diversity (0.020) between two populations were observed. Based on phylogenetic analysis, no genetic differentiation between the two populations in Moluccas Sea was revealed .Keywords :  Population genetics; Haplotype diversity; Coral Triangle; Phylogenetics; Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs) Abstrak. Tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacores) adalah ikan komersial penting dan ditemukan di Laut Maluku, Indonesia. Tetapi, aktivitas penangkapan ikan tuna sirip kuning dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas stok ikan, sehingga perlu adanya pengkajian keragaman genetik ikan tuna sirip kuning. Pemahaman yang baik tentang keragaman genetika dibutuhkan untuk merencanakan strategi konservasi tuna yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik  ikan tuna sirip kuning dari dua populasi di Laut Maluku. Sebanyak 41 sampel jaringan dari tuna sirip kuning dikumpulkan dari dua populasi di Laut Maluku (Maluku Utara dan Ambon) selama ekspedisi pada bulan Februari 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik populasi tuna sirip kuning pada perairan Maluku Utara dan Ambon masing-masing sebesar 0,984 dan 1,00 sedangkan nilai keragaman nukleotida masing-masing bernilai 0,021 dan 0,018. Nilai keragaman genetik dan keragaman nukloetida yang tinggi didaptkan antar kedua populasi masing-masing sebesar 0,990 dan 0,020. Berdasarkan analisis filogenetik, dua populasi di Laut Maluku ini memiliki kedekatan secara genetik.Kata kunci : Genetika populasi; Keragaman haplotipe; Segitiga Terumbu Karang; Filogenetika; Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Status pencemaran dan kandungan logam berat pada simping (Placuna placenta) di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Rejeki Simbolon Anna , Riani Etty , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The objective of study was to analyze the status of water pollution and heavy metal content on water, sediment and scallop in Tangerang Coastal Waters. The Storet index method was used to determine the status of pollution. Sampling was conducted for three times at two months interval. The content of heavy metals in water, sediment and scallop analyzed descriptively based on the applicable regulations. The results showed that the status of Tangerang Coastal Water was classified as moderate and hight polluted. The content of Pb in scallop from Cituis Coastal has been exceeded the quality standards established by BPOMand WHO, so it is not sutible to consump.Keywords: pollution status; heavy metals; P.placenta; Tangerang Coastal Waters. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status pencemaran perairan di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang dan kandungan logam berat pada air, sedimen dan simping di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui status pencemaran yaitu dengan metode indeks Storet. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama tiga kali dengan interval waktu dua bulan. Kandungan logam berat di air, sedimen dan simping dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status perairan Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang tergolong tercemar sedang hingga berat. Kandungan logam berat Pb pada simping di Perairan Cituis telah melampaui baku mutu yang ditetapkan baik menurut BPOM tahun 2009 maupun WHO, sehingga tidak baik untuk dikonsumsi.Kata kunci: Status pencemaran; Logam berat;P.placenta;Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang
Senyawa polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) dalam air laut di Teluk Jakarta
Authors: . Edward
Published: March 2016

Research on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah)s compound at Jakarta Bay seawater were carried out on July 2011. The objectives of this research were to measure the concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compound, concentration of individual PAH compound, and to identify sources of PAH compound in seawater. PAH compound concentration was measured by Gas Chromatography (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector) and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compound were identified by diagnostic ratio analysis. The results show that the concentration of PAH compound in the middle of Jakarta Bay was higher compared to the west and the east. In the west and middle of Jakarta Bay, it is found that 11 PAH types, and 10 types in the east. Individual PAH compound dominated by high moleculer weight of PAH Benzo(a)Anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo(b)Fluoranthene, Benzo(a)Pyrene, dan Indeno(123-cd) Pyrene. The results of PAH compound ratio individual analysis showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compound at Jakarta Bay seawater came from oil spill and incomplete combustion mixture of organic material such as wood, grass, fuel oil, and fuel industry combustion activity.
Potensi limbah kulit buah Nyirih Xylocarpus granatum sebagai inhibitor tirosinase
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , P. Zamani Neviaty , Batubara Irmanida
Published: March 2016

The aim of the present study was to analyse the peel waste of Xylocarpus granatum fruits as potential source of tyrosinase inhibitors. Dried peel samples were ground to yield a powder (simplicia). Subsequently, they were extracted with organic solvents of distinct polarity levels, namely n-hexane (non-polar), chloroform (semi-polar) and methanol (polar) by use of the single-maceration method. Inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity (monophenolase) and DOPA auto-oxidation (diphenolase) were determined in bioassays. Assays with the methanol extract revealed IC50 values of 784.87 μg mL-1 (monophenolase) and of 1176.66 μg mL-1 (diphenolase), respectively. In contrast, n-hexane and chloroform extracts showed no activity. These results indicate that the methanolic fruit peel extract contained tyrosinase-inhibiting compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins and saponins, whereas the n-hexane and chloroform extracts yielded alkaloids, steroids and triterpenoids without tyrosinase-inhibiting activity. The phenolic compounds had a strong effect on the tyrosinase enzymes, inhibiting monophenolases by 97% and diphenolases by 96%, with a positive correlation between the total phenolic content and the inhibition rate in both activities.
The effects of gender, group composition and social trust on the volunteer behaviour of Lions Clubs International members
Authors: Osili Una Okonkwo , Mesch Debra J. , Hayat Amir Daniel , Dale Elizabeth J.
Published: March 2016

Volunteering is important to study cross-nationally, as it is linked to the provision of local public goods. This article explores factors associated with volunteering across 14 countries, focusing on the effects of gender, group composition and social trust on the volunteer behaviour of members of a large, international service club. We draw on a unique dataset: a survey of Lions Clubs International members. Results indicate a significant relationship between the proportion of a club’s female membership and the volunteering of its members, particularly in high-income countries. Among both middle- and low-income countries, the individual factors of gender and social trust are found to be significant for volunteering among club members. Levels of national trust are important to consider when examining volunteering from a cross-national perspective.
Introduction to the Special Issue: ADA at 25 and People With Cognitive Disabilities: From Action to Inclusion
Authors: Blanck Peter
Published: March 2016

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 has helped to define in the United States and globally the modern view of disability as a central element of the human experience. This second issue, of a two-part Special Issue of the journal Inclusion, examines the ADA at its 25th anniversary. From an array of disciplinary perspectives and lived experiences, the articles reflect on the past 25 years, examine present opportunities and challenges, and consider the future to ensure continued action toward the civil and human rights of individuals with cognitive and other disabilities for inclusion and active citizenship.
The Future Challenge of the ADA: Shaping Humanity's Transformation
Authors: Treviranus Jutta
Published: March 2016

Through a meta-review of global trends and the contextualization of the 25th anniversary of the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), the author proposes that a change of strategy and focus is required to achieve the ADA's aspirations. The argument is made that the disability community and inclusion effort must participate in a leadership role in shaping the current transformation of society, including three broad systemic factors: (a) design and development, (b) research and evidence, and (c) education and learning, to avert widening disparity and address risks that affect all members of the global society.
UM CONTEXTO E UM LUGAR PARA OS DISCOS DE OURO DA I IDADE DO FERRO DE FORTIOS (PORTALEGRE, ALTO ALENTEJO, PORTUGAL)
Authors: Vilaça Raquel , Armbruster Barbara , Perea Alicia , Vivas Fábio , Freitas Bruno
Published: March 2016

Conhecido desde finais dos anos trinta do séc. XX, o designado “tesouro de Fortios”, constituído originalmente por oitenta e oito discos de ouro de que se localizaram sessenta e oito, todos iguais, é estudado numa perspectiva que atende a diversas problemáticas: historiográfica, contextual, tipológica, tecnológica, funcional, cronológica, cultural e simbólica. Apoiando-se em documentação inédita ou pouco valorizada, completada com trabalho de campo, os autores identificam o local e contexto de achado (em recipiente cerâmico) deste depósito, que é possível associar a lugar em altura de provável cariz habitacional. Tal como outros discos com os quais se compara, o conjunto é atribuído aos inícios da Idade do Ferro, revelando a nível tecnológico e estilístico uma nova forma de fabrico com produções em série, economia de tempo, uso da filigrana e da solda. Acredita-se que estas delicadas peças seriam aplicadas sobre vestuário de prestígio e, por ventura, também sagrado, de elevado valor conotado com a simbologia solar.
A EMISSÃO DE MOEDA DE OURO DE GALLIENUS NO INÍCIO DO REINADO CONJUNTO COM VALERIANUS I: NOTAS A PROPÓSITO DE UM MEDALHÃO MONETÁRIO DE TONGOBRIGA
Authors: Centeno Rui M. S.
Published: March 2016

Estuda-se um pendente de ouro com um aureus de Gallienus, datado do início do reinado conjunto (253-54), encontrado na zona das termas do povoado romano de Tongobriga (Marco de Canaveses, Porto), contextualizando-se esta peça de ourivesaria com outras procedentes da parte ocidental do Império Romano. É também apresentada uma lista ordenada das ligações de cunhos de 26 aurei pertencentes a coleções públicas e privadas que permite um melhor conhecimento da cunhagem de moeda de ouro no início do reinado conjunto de Gallienus. Por último, discute-se o contexto arqueológico em que foi perdido o medalhão de Tongobriga e que deverá situar-se em meados do século IV.
ARCHEOLOGIA DELLA NAVIGAZIONE ISLAMICA D’OCCIDENTE: LO STUDIO DI CASO DEL GHARB PORTOGHESE
Authors: Amato Alessia
Published: March 2016

A compilação global do trabalho define o limite da pesquisa dentro da acepção de Meio Aquático, tanto no sentido topográfico quanto geomorfológico, junto com os aspectos literários e históricos e mais propriamente arqueológicos. É na arqueologia que se foca o presente contributo, em particular na funcionalidade das embarcações, ou seja do presumível Qarib Islâmico, veículo do contacto cultural, técnico quanto metodológico, na esfera da construção naval.