bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthrax: the challenges for decontamination
Authors: Sharp Richard J , Roberts Allen G
Published: September 2006

Anthrax remains endemic in many parts of the world with regular infections of livestock presenting a consequent risk to public health. In the United Kingdom anthrax has diminished as a significant threat to human health with only sporadic outbreaks in farm animals derived from ingestion of spores from soil at sites associated with previous outbreaks and the burial of carcasses. Occupationally‐derived anthrax, associated with industries involved in the processing of animal products, has historically had an impact on the occurrence of outbreaks of infection. The introduction, in 1965, of vaccination for workers in high‐risk occupations contributed significantly to the eradication of the disease from the UK. During 2001 the deliberate release of anthrax spores in the USA, disseminated through the postal system, resulted in the infection of 22 people, five of which resulted in death through inhalational anthrax. At that time anthrax was unheard of in many clinical practices and there was a lack of training and preparedness to handle such incidents; the emergency resulted in medical and public health personnel across the world having a significantly raised awareness of both the organism and the clinical symptoms of infection, and the new threat posed by bioterrorism. In the USA, the immediate public health emergency was followed by the legacy of contaminated buildings and facilities. There had been little previous systematic study of the issues surrounding sampling and decontamination of areas contaminated with Bacillus anthracis. The decontamination of large complex buildings and the equipment they contained required the urgent development and validation of new procedures for both sampling and decontamination. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation of targeted AAV2 vectors from novel virus display libraries
Authors: Waterkamp Daniel A. , Müller Oliver J. , Ying Ying , Trepel Martin , Kleinschmidt Jürgen A.
Published: September 2006

Random peptide ligands displayed on viral capsids are emerging tools for selection of targeted gene transfer vectors even without prior knowledge of the potential target cell receptor. We have previously introduced adeno‐associated viral (AAV)‐displayed peptide libraries that ensure encoding of displayed peptides by the packaged AAV genome. A major limitation of these libraries is their contamination with wild‐type (wt) AAV. Here we describe a novel and improved library production system that reliably avoids generation of wt AAV by use of a synthetic cap gene. Selection of targeted AAV vectors from wt‐containing and the novel wt‐free libraries on cell types with different permissivity for wt AAV2 replication suggested the superiority of the wt‐free library. However, from both libraries highly specific peptide sequence motifs were selected which improved transduction of cells with moderate or low permissivity for AAV2 replication. Strong reduction of HeLa cell transduction compared to wt AAV2 and only low level transduction of non‐target cells by some selected clones showed that not only the efficiency but also the specificity of gene transfer was improved. In conclusion, our study validates and improves the unique potential of virus display libraries for the development of targeted gene transfer vectors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous imaging and R2* mapping using a radial multi‐gradient‐echo (rMGE) sequence
Authors: Winkelmann Stefanie , Schaeffter Tobias , Weiss Steffen , Eggers Holger , Doessel Olaf
Published: September 2006

Purpose

To demonstrate a rapid MR technique that combines imaging and R2* mapping based on a single radial multi‐gradient‐echo (rMGE) data set. The technique provides a fast method for online monitoring of the administration of (super‐)paramagnetic contrast agents as well as image‐guided drug delivery.

Materials and Methods

Data are acquired using an rMGE sequence, resulting in interleaved undersampled radial k‐spaces representing different echo times (TEs). These data sets are reconstructed separately, yielding a series of images with different TEs used for pixelwise R2* mapping. A fast numerical algorithm implemented on a real‐time reconstruction platform provides online estimation of the relaxation rate R2*. Simultaneously the images are summed for the computation of a high‐resolution image.

Results

Convenient high‐resolution R2* maps of phantoms and the liver of a healthy volunteer were obtained. In addition to stable intrinsic baseline maps, the proposed technique provides particularly accurate results for the high relaxation rates observed during the presence of (super‐)paramagnetic contrast agents. Assuming that the change in R2* is proportional to the concentration of the agent, the technique offers a rough estimate for dynamic dosage.

Conclusion

The simultaneous online display of morphological and parametric information permits convenient, quantitative surveillance of contrast‐agent administration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical composition of Arbequina virgin olive oil in relation to extraction and storage conditions
Authors: Torres Mariela M , Maestri Damián M
Published: September 2006

The chemical composition of virgin olive oils from Arbequina olives cultivated in Córdoba (Argentina) was studied in relation to the oil extraction system and production year. Significant variations were found between oils obtained by pressure (PEOs) and centrifugation (CEOs) systems. PEOs were characterised by higher values of acidity, pigments and oleic acid, while CEOs showed greater phenol content. Moreover, a significant effect of crop year was observed. Arbequina oils produced in Córdoba contained lower amounts of oleic acid but higher amounts of phenolic compounds than Arbequina oils produced in Spain. A storage stability test was carried out in order to study the combined effects of oil extraction system and storage conditions (packaging material and illumination) on quality indices related to oxidative stability. Multivariate analysis applied to the chemical data emphasised the differences between PEOs and CEOs, indicating that variations due to extraction system were greater than those due to illumination condition and package type. Cluster analysis of oils from each extraction system stressed the influence of illumination condition on the oxidative stability of olive oils, showing increased amounts of secondary oxidation products in oils exposed to light. Glass and tin packages appear to be the most appropriate containers for maintaining the quality of olive oils, but this supposition is strongly dependent on the type of oil (PEO or CEO) and its initial chemical properties. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Reliability‐based estimation of the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in chorizos
Authors: Hajmeer Maha N , Basheer Imad A , Cliver Dean O
Published: September 2006

Reliability analysis is especially important when critical decisions are to be made involving potentially severe adverse consequences such as foodborne illness. Owing to uncertainty associated with the parameters controlling survival of Listeria monocytogenes in chorizo (a Mexican‐style sausage), the time needed to reduce the count by a certain number (n) of logs (tnD) is probabilistic. In this paper the first‐order second‐moment (FOSM) method based on Taylor series expansion is used to derive the expected value and standard deviation of tnD as function of the operating conditions (random variables) affecting survival, namely initial water activity (aw0) of the sausage batter, storage temperature (T) and airflow velocity (F), along with their uncertainties characterised by their means and coefficients of variation. For any given n the derived tnD probability distribution enables one to determine an estimate of tnD for any desired level of reliability or confidence level, such as 50% (median value), 95%, 99%, etc. Among the conclusions drawn were: (i) the variability associated with T and F has a minor effect on estimating uncertainty in tnD, whereas the reliability of tnD estimation is greatly influenced by the uncertainty in aw0; and (ii) the uncertainty in aw0 has the greatest impact when aw0 of the sausage formulation exceeds 0.90. The approach used and discussed in this paper can be applied to any survival/inactivation study to incorporate the effect of uncertainty in the various extrinsic and intrinsic parameters on the survival kinetics of the pathogen in a food system under evaluation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
High performance liquid chromatography for the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma after derivatization with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate
Authors: Huang Tao‐min , Deng Chun‐Hui , Chen Nian‐zhu , Liu Zhen , Duan Geng‐Li
Published: September 2006

In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma, which was based on derivatization with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC‐Cl) followed by reverse‐phase HPLC‐FLD. For the first time, FMOC‐Cl was introduced into derivatization of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma. The amino groups of glucosamine sulfate and vertilmicin sulfate (the internal standard) were trapped with FMOC‐Cl to form glucosamine‐FMOC‐Cl and vertilmicin‐FMOC‐Cl adducts, which can be very suitable for HPLC‐FLD. Precipitation of plasma proteins by acetonitrile was followed by vortex mixing and centrifugation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column (DIAMONSIL 150×4 mm id, 5 μm) with a mobile phase gradient consisting of acetonitrile and water at a flow‐rate of 1 mL/min. The retention times of glucosamine‐FMOC‐Cl and vertilmicin‐FMOC‐Cl adducts were 8.9 and 21.2 min, respectively. This method was shown to be selective and sensitive for glucosamine sulfate. The limit of detection was 15 ng/mL for glucosamine sulfate in plasma and the linear range was 0.1–10 mg/mL in plasma with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra‐day and inter‐day assays were 5.2–8.1% and 6.1–8.5%, respectively. Extraction recoveries of glucosamine sulfate in plasma were greater than 90%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma samples.
Focus on the ESET NOD32 antivirus system
Authors: Held Gilbert
Published: September 2006

One of the software programs we take for granted is antivirus software. Perhaps part of the reason for not being excited about protecting our computers resides in the fact that most PCs marketed over the past few years are bundled with an antivirus solution. When you initialize the computer you also start your virus protection program, which will often provide you with only a short period of protection before pop‐up messages appear reminding you to renew your antivirus program license to ensure your protection is up to date. What is more than likely never mentioned to consumers is the fact that the antivirus software bundled with your computer was positioned there due to the software vendor paying the computer manufacturer a fee. While most third‐party software placed on new computers must pass a certain level of quality assurance, the computer manufacturer is more interested in the placement fee than whether the software is the best for the purchaser of the computer. Thus, one of the things we should do when our antivirus software license expires, if not sooner, is to look at other possible solutions beyond the software bundled with the computer. One such antivirus product that warrants our attention and which is the focus of this column is ESET's NOD32 for Windows antivirus solution, which was originally developed in Slovakia.
Preparations and photovoltaic properties of dye‐sensitized solar cells using thiophene‐based copolymers as polymer electrolytes
Authors: Lee Jin‐Kook , Kim Woo‐Seok , Lee Hyun‐Jeong , Shin Won Suk , Jin Sung‐Ho , Lee Won‐Ki , Kim Mi‐Ra
Published: September 2006

The thiophene‐based copolymers (poly)3TA‐co‐3HT)‐1 and poly(3TA‐co‐3HT)‐2) as hole conducting materials on the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were synthesized. In order to increase the solubility and the interface absorption of the copolymers onto nanoporous TiO2 layer in the DSSC device, two different kinds of thiophene monomers were used hexyl and with substituted carboxyl groups. The compositions, structures, and thermal properties of these copolymers were characterized. The photovoltaic performances of the SnO2:F/TiO2/dye/polymer/Pt devices using the thiophene‐based copolymers as hole conducting materials were investigated using a solar simulator at AM1.5. These photovoltaic results were compared with SnO2:F/TiO2/dye/polymer/Pt devices using the thiophene‐based homopolymer by the effects of the interface adsorption on their substituted groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase behavior and polymerization of lyotropic phases. II. A series of polymerizable amphiphiles with systematically varied critical packing parameters
Authors: Li Minghe , Yang Wuli , Chen Zhenxia , Qian Ji , Wang Changchun , Fu Shoukuan
Published: September 2006

A group of polymerizable amphiphiles, with their critical packing parameters systematically varied, were studied with respect to the phase behavior and immobilization of their lyotropic liquid‐crystalline phase structures. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and polarized light microscopy were used to study their liquid‐crystalline phases before and after photopolymerization. The liquid crystallinity of the amphiphiles depended on the contents of both oil and water in the ternary systems. Through photopolymerization, hexagonal phases could generally be immobilized, with the structural order reduced to various degrees. However, the cubic phases evolved with polymerization into another structural pattern, which was possibly related to the lamellar structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5887–5897, 2006
Highly soluble and optically transparent poly (ether imide)s based on 2,6‐ or 2,7‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)naphthalene dianhydride and aromatic bis(ether amine)s bearing trifluoromethyl groups
Authors: Yang Chin‐Ping , Su Yu‐Yang , Hsiao Sheng‐Huei
Published: September 2006

Two series of novel fluorinated poly(ether imide)s (coded IIIA and IIIB) were prepared from 2,6‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)naphthalene dianhydride and 2,7‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)naphthalene dianhydride, respectively, with various trifluoromethyl‐substituted aromatic bis(ether amine)s by a standard two‐step process with thermal or chemical imidization of the poly(amic acid) precursors. These fluorinated poly(ether imide)s showed good solubility in many organic solvents and could be solution‐cast into transparent, flexible, and tough films. These films were nearly colorless, with an ultraviolet–visible absorption edge of 364–386 nm. They also showed good thermal stability with glass‐transition temperatures of 221–298 °C, 10% weight loss temperatures in excess of 489 °C, and char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen greater than 50%. The 2,7‐substituted IIIB series also showed better solubility and higher transparency than the isomeric 2,6‐substituted IIIA series. In comparison with nonfluorinated poly (ether imide)s, the fluorinated IIIA and IIIB series showed better solubility, higher transparency, and lower dielectric constants and water absorption. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5909–5922, 2006
A comparison of heterogeneity variance estimators in combining results of studies
Authors: Sidik Kurex , Jonkman Jeffrey N.
Published: September 2006

For random effects meta‐analysis, seven different estimators of the heterogeneity variance are compared and assessed using a simulation study. The seven estimators are the variance component type estimator (VC), the method of moments estimator (MM), the maximum likelihood estimator (ML), the restricted maximum likelihood estimator (REML), the empirical Bayes estimator (EB), the model error variance type estimator (MV), and a variation of the MV estimator (MVvc). The performance of the estimators is compared in terms of both bias and mean squared error, using Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the REML and especially the ML and MM estimators are not accurate, having large biases unless the true heterogeneity variance is small. The VC estimator tends to overestimate the heterogeneity variance in general, but is quite accurate when the number of studies is large. The MV estimator is not a good estimator when the heterogeneity variance is small to moderate, but it is reasonably accurate when the heterogeneity variance is large. The MVvc estimator is an improved estimator compared to the MV estimator, especially for small to moderate values of the heterogeneity variance. The two estimators MVvc and EB are found to be the most accurate in general, particularly when the heterogeneity variance is moderate to large. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intussusception: a rare cause of abdominal pain in pregnancy
Authors: Penney D. , Ganapathy R. , Jonas‐Obichere M. , El‐Refeay H.
Published: September 2006

A 34‐year‐old woman presented at 19 weeks in her third pregnancy with abdominal pain and hyperemesis. This was her third admission during the pregnancy for similar complaints. A few days after admission an exacerbation in her pain was noted, in particular on eating or lying down, and a firm and mobile epigastric mass could be palpated separate from her uterus. The differential diagnosis was a hernia or a degenerating pedunculated fibroid. Sonography revealed a mass separate from the uterus with an appearance consistent with intussusception. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis. A limited right hemicolectomy was performed. The final diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the colon. It is difficult to diagnose intussusception during pregnancy. The presenting symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and constipation are common in pregnancy and the displacement of the bowel by the gravid uterus hampers examination. Intussusception is very rare in adults and generally it is associated with tumors. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult but possible with accurate imaging. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rab14 is part of the early endosomal clathrin‐coated TGN microdomain
Authors: Proikas-Cezanne Tassula , Gaugel Anja , Frickey Tancred , Nordheim Alfred
Published: September 2006

Rab14 localizes to the Golgi/TGN and to early endosomes, but its biological function remains unclear. By structural modeling, we identified Rab14‐specific residues and established a close relationship between the Rab2/Rab4/Rab14, Rab11/25 and Rab39 sub‐groups within the Rab protein family. By quantitative confocal microscopy and by density centrifugation we show that Rab14 is part of the early endosomal AP‐1 microdomain. Overexpression of a dominant‐negative Rab14 GTP‐binding mutant that solely localizes to the Golgi donor compartment accelerated EGF degradation. We suggest that the AP‐1 microdomain represents the interconnecting compartment in which Rab14 vesicles cycle between early endosomes and the Golgi cisternae.
Interactions between PII proteins and the nitrogenase regulatory enzymes DraT and DraG in Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Huergo Luciano F. , Chubatsu Leda S. , Souza Emanuel M. , Pedrosa Fábio O. , Steffens Maria B.R. , Merrick Mike
Published: September 2006

In Azospirillum brasilense ADP‐ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase (NifH) occurs in response to addition of ammonium to the extracellular medium and is mediated by dinitrogenase reductase ADP‐ribosyltransferase (DraT) and reversed by dinitrogenase reductase glycohydrolase (DraG). The PII proteins GlnB and GlnZ have been implicated in regulation of DraT and DraG by an as yet unknown mechanism. Using pull‐down experiments with His‐tagged versions of DraT and DraG we have now shown that DraT binds to GlnB, but only to the deuridylylated form, and that DraG binds to both the uridylylated and deuridylylated forms of GlnZ. The demonstration of these specific protein complexes, together with our recent report of the ability of deuridylylated GlnZ to be sequestered to the cell membrane by the ammonia channel protein AmtB, offers new insights into the control of NifH ADP‐ribosylation.
Honokiol causes the p21WAF1‐mediated G(1)‐phase arrest of the cell cycle through inducing p38 mitogen activated protein kinase in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Lee Beobyi , Kim Cheorl-Ho , Moon Sung-Kwon
Published: September 2006

Honokiol, an active component in extracts of Magnolia officinalis, has been proposed to play a role in anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant activity, anti‐angiogenic and anti‐tumor activity. Although honokiol has a variety of pharmacological effects on certain cell types, its effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are unclear. This issue was investigated in the present study, honokiol was found to inhibit cell viability and DNA synthesis in cultured VSMC. These inhibitory effects were associated with G1 cell cycle arrest. Treatment with honokiol blocks the cell cycle in the G1 phase, down‐regulates the expression of cyclins and CDKs and up‐regulates the expression of p21WAF1, a CDK inhibitor. While honokiol did not up‐regulate p27, it caused an increase in the promoter activity of the p21WAF1 gene. Immunoblot and deletion analysis of the p21WAF1 promoter showed that honokiol induced the expression of p21WAF1 and that this expression was independent of the p53 pathway. Furthermore, the honokiol‐mediated signaling pathway involved in VSMC growth inhibition was examined. Among the relevant pathways, honokiol induced a marked activation of p38 MAP kinase and JNK. The expression of dominant negative p38 MAP kinase and SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase specific inhibitor, blocked the expression of honokiol‐dependent p38 MAP kinase and p21WAF1. Consistently, blockade of p38 MAPK kinase function reversed honokiol‐induced VSMC proliferation and cell cycle proteins. These data demonstrate that the p38 MAP kinase pathway participates in p21WAF1 induction, subsequently leading to a decrease in the levels of cyclin D1/CDK4 and cyclin E/CDK2 complexes and honokiol‐dependent VSMC growth inhibition. In conclusion, these findings concerning the molecular mechanisms of honokiol in VSMC provides a theoretical basis for clinical approaches to the use therapeutic agents in treating atherosclerosis.
Interactive, Image‐Guided, Stereotactic Neurosurgery Systems
Authors: League Diane
Published: September 2006

Interactive, image‐guided, stereotactic neurosurgery systems and advanced computer programs enable neurosurgery teams to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans to perform less‐invasive intracranial tumor excisions. This new methodology, also known as frameless stereotactic neurosurgery, provides accurate, precise preoperative and intraoperative patient information to neurosurgeons. Neurosurgeons use a pointing device to communicate surgical locations quickly to a computer system. The computer then provides immediate, three‐dimensional displays of pertinent MRI and CT scan information on the monitor. These intracranial images serve as navigational guides to neurosurgeons before and during surgical intervention. Interactive, image‐guided, stereotactic neurosurgery systems, however, are only surgical tools, not substitutes for health care providers' knowledge or expertise. Neurosurgeons must balance their medical judgment with interpretations of computer‐generated information throughout the surgical procedures. Interactive, image‐guided systems should not interfere with patient care priorities but rather should be worked into the intraoperative nursing routine. AORN J 61 (Feb 1995) 360–370.
Condition Critical: The Story of a Nurse Continues
Authors: Lyon Karen Carter
Published: September 2006

Condition Critical: The Story of a Nurse Continues By Echo Heron 1994, 414 pp $22 hardcover
Outpatient Case Management: Strategies for a New Reality
Authors: Seifert Patricia C.
Published: September 2006

Outpatient Case Management: Strategies for a New Reality By Michelle R. Donovan, Theodore A. Matson 1994, 276 pp $48.95 AHA members, $58.95 nonmembers paperback
In vitro effects of Viscum album preparations on human fibroblasts and tumour cell lines
Authors: Koopman Gerrit , Arwert Fre , Bart J. , Kipp A. , Van Kruining Hans , Eriksson Aldur W.
Published: September 2006

The effects of several preparations of Iscador, a commercially obtainable extract of mistletoe, Viscum album L., on cell proliferation and cell viability was studied. Iscador Quercus was shown to inhibit cell proliferation of: human fibroblast cell lines, mouse tumour cell lines, human carcinoma tumour cell lines and a human lymphoblastic tumour cell line. Iscador Quercus, Iscador Ulnus and Iscador Malus were about equally cytostatic to mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. Iscador Pinus was somewhat less cytostatic. Iscador Quercus had a very direct cytotoxic effect on MOLT 4 tumour cells as assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion. The cytostatic and cytotoxic properties of Iscador could be annulled by heating Iscador for 30 min. at 90°C. Iscador reduced the cloning efficiency of ASG and CHO cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. From the cloning efficiency experiments it can be concluded that a small percentage of CHO cells is insensitive to high concentrations of Iscador at short incubation times.

The importance of these findings in relation to the cytostatic and cytotoxic compounds possibly present in Iscador is discussed.
Background to the plant drugs in children's diseases
Authors: Bodman Frank
Published: September 2006

These are the ten plant drugs mentioned in Dr Borland's Children's Types. Their origins are spread out from the rain forests of Brazil to the Steppes of Central Asia. Some were known to Hippocrates, while one was not known even to Hahnemann.
Mental symptoms: analogical grouping
Authors: Fonseca Ademar Valadares
Published: September 2006

The author has made a systematic study of the repertory's mental symptoms, proposing a new organization of rubrics and sub-rubrics based on its analogical ordering, in order to help homœopathic medicine in the search for and in the differential diagnosis of symptoms.

The author concludes that analytical study of mental symptoms is of great value both in the repertorial study of consulting-room cases as well as in semiological understanding of problems for effective use of the repertory.
Some elements of homœopathy
Authors: Fritz-Albert Popp Habil
Published: September 2006

The extremely high sensitivity of biological systems provides the key to understanding homœopathic ‘effects’. According to the classical analogon of a pendulum, the ‘coherent state’ in quantum physics are able to explain the simile principle as well as the potency rule as interrelated phenomena. The basic effect is always delocalization of the energy to such an extent that the physical proof gets more and more complicated the higher the efficacy becomes.
Homœopathic treatment of handicapped children
Authors: Lehner E. , Resch D.M. , Haidvogl M.
Published: September 2006

40 children attending a nursery and school for the handicapped were seen in a total of 55 consultations. Following detailed case taking from parents and school staff, medicines were selected by computer repertorization and verified against the child's constitutional type. Outcome was assessed with reference to preselected target symptoms.

18 of the 40 children responded well in all target symptoms, 11 showed improvement in some but not all target symptoms; 7 children did not respond to treatment, and in 4 outcome could not be assessed. Children with organic brain damage, autism and definite syndromes generally responded well; those whose handicap was due to social deprivation generally failed to respond. Major responses were increased drive and improvement in hyperactive and aggressive behaviour, which enabled the children to benefit more from their education. Physical symptoms and problems such as stammering and enuresis also improved.
Music cures music
Authors: Blackstone Victoria
Published: September 2006

Each of us is a piece of music playing all the time. When that music is phased with a similar piece of music, healing is produced. Music cures music and silence is restored. Silence being produced equals cure. Every homoeopathic medicine is a piece of music with tune, pace and rhythm. If we can correctly identify the music of the patient, and the music of the medicine, we will go towards cure. The tune is the similimum, and the pace and rhythm are the potency and the repetition. The theme of this seminar is music.
Anthropology and medicine
Authors: Schmidt J. M.
Published: September 2006

Fundamental reflections on anthropology in medicine lead on to the image of man on which modern, science-orientated medicine is based, followed by that which underlies homœopathy. Hahnemann's concept of man is considered before elucidating the characteristics and differences between the two approaches and their particular position in the theory of medicine. The strict positivism of science essentially reduces the image of man, whilst the teleological approach, renouncing any claim to be able to investigate life itself, permits a phenomenological recognition of man in all his dimensions.
Corrections of abbreviations for medicines used in Boger-Boenninghausen's Repertory
Authors: Sharma V.D. , Rastogi D.P.
Published: September 2006

This paper presents the results of correcting the abbreviations used in the Boger Boenninghausen's Repertory, to bring them in line with the abbreviations which are used in Kent's works. In the process of checking, several (about 100) errors in the name of the drugs were noted. The correct names of drugs were identified after a thorough search in authoritative works.

This paper presents the errors and suggested corrections with references. It is hoped that with the incorporation of these corrections the value of this monumental work would be further increased.
Homœopathic aggravation
Authors: Popova T.
Published: September 2006

The Kiev school of homœopathy takes a particular interest in the phenomena of aggravation. Aggravations are classified into three groups: intensification of original symptoms, reappearance of old symptoms, appearance of new symptoms. Cases illustrating these three classes are reported. The significance of potency and its relation to proving is discussed. The author calls for the systematic compilation of aggravation data.
Viscum album preparations inhibit DNA methylation by preventing DNA methyltransferase-induced methyl group transfer
Authors: Defize J. , Zwiers A. , Pals G. , Kipp J.B.A. , Eriksson A.W.
Published: September 2006

Interactions between Viscum album (Iscador) and DNA were studied by amplification of specific human pepsinogen A gene promoter sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gel retardation assays showed no binding of Viscum album to these promoter sequences. Incubation of plasmid constructs consisting of human pepsigen A promoter fragments coupled to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene with Iscador had no effect on transcriptional activity. Promoter sequences incubated with Iscador became insensitive to methylation by specific DNA methyltransferases by destruction of DNA methyltransferase activity.
A double blind randomized placebo controlled study of cholera treatment with highly diluted and succussed solutions
Authors: Jeulin D. , Peycru P. , Amengual C. , Gaucher C.
Published: September 2006

A pilot study of homoeopathic treatment of cholera during an epidemic in Peru appeared to show that it was effective. A subsequent double blind study showed no difference betwen active homoeopathic treatment and placebo treatment. Various technical problems were encountered.
Describing and improving homoeopathy
Authors: Fisher P. , Van Haselen R.
Published: September 2006

Large scale data collection combined with modern information technology is a powerful tool to evaluate the efficacy and safety of homoeopathy. It also has great potential to improve homoeopathic practice. Data collection has not been widely used in homoeopathy. This appears to be due to the clumsiness sof the methodology and the perception that it is of little value to daily practice. 3 protocols addressing different aspects of this issue are presented.

- A proposal to establish common basic data collection methodology for homoeopaths throughout Europe.

- A systematic survey of the results of homoeopathic treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis using quality of life and objective assessments.

- Verification of a set of homoeopathic prescribing features for Rhus toxicodendron.

These proposals are designed to be ‘user-friendly’ and to provide practical information relevant to daily homoeopathic practice.
Occupational pathogenesis of chlorine
Authors: Badulici S. , Freilich A. , Bica N. , Chirila M.
Published: September 2006

The occupational pathogenesis of chlorine in exposed workers are described and compared with the classic pathogenesis.4,5 The exposed group consisted of 82 men with occupational exposure to chlorine. The control group consisted of 46 men who were not exposed, all of them working in the same cellulose processing factory. The exposed group had the symptoms of the classical pathogenesis to a highly significant degree (p<0.001) compared to the unexposed control group.

We found a number of symptoms, signs, disorders and syndromes which are not described in the classical pathogenesis, including: diminished tolerance to alcohol, back pain, pains in the joints dependent on weather conditions, dependent oedema, diminished taste sensitivity, persistent chronic hepatitis, hepatic steatofibrosis, chronic obstructive airways disease, polycythaemia with haemosiderosis and chronic conjunctivitis.

The intensity of symptoms and signs was in direct proportion to the duration of exposure to chlorine.
Homœopathic treatment of acute childhood diarrhoea
Authors: Jiminez Luz Margarita , Gloyd Steven , Carares Felix Esponiza , Gaitan Margarita Paniagua , Crothers Dean , Jacobs Jennifer
Published: September 2006

A double-blind, randomized clinical trial to compare homœopathic treatment versus placebo in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhoea was carried out in Leon, Nicaragua, in July 1990. 34 children aged 6 months to 5 years were randomized into active and placebo groups, both of which also received oral rehydration treatment. The mean duration of diarrhoea after treatment in the active group was 2.4 days, compared to 3.0 days in the placebo group, which was not statistically significant. Exploratory analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease (p=0.04) in the subgroup of patients for which an aetiological agent was found. There was also a significant difference in number of stools per day in the treated group (p=0.002) at the end of the treatment period. Since small numbers prevent a definitive conclusion from this study, further study with a larger sample size would seem appropriate.
Aconitum napellus
Authors: Day Christopher
Published: September 2006

Aconitum napellus is an important homœopathic medicine. Its botany and toxicology are described and traditional and homœopathic medical indications discussed. The veterinary drug picture is presented, with the major therapeutic indications including fever and acute respiratory disease. Case studies from 6 species are given.
The experimental wave analysis of the heart potentials
Authors: Boyd W.E.
Published: September 2006

Synopsis

Previous research demonstrated the presence of a range of varying low frequency potentials on the surface of the human body covering a range of 10 to 2000 c/s. It was shown that a large part of these varying potentials originated from the activating wave of potential. Normally this wave of potential is recorded as an electrocardiogram. The QRS part of the electrocardiogram may be triangular, diphasic, M shape, etc., and has for many years been chiefly recorded by the Einthoven String Oscillograph of comparatively high inertia. Of recent years attention has been drawn to improved recording by C.R.O. or moving coil oscillograph. The usual custom with C.R.O. recording is to suppress higher frequencies in order to produce a smoother recording. This research demonstrated that the QRS wave contains a large range of higher frequencies of a variable nature which cannot be normally observed in detail in the ordinary recording, but which can be selected and observed by methods of electronic wave analysis. It is shown that undistorted recording necessitates careful attention to technical details and requires special amplifier circuits of which one developed for this research is given. Examples of clinical recordings are given, including the oscilloscope recording of the frog's heart with the changes in the anlaysis form during the action of a drug.

The application of a mechanical photo-electric source for an artificial patient as suggested by Robertson is made use of and elaborated, while the value of this method for other electronic tests is shown.
The need for a scientific attitude
Authors: Sankaran P.
Published: September 2006

The greatness of Hahnemann, the founder of Homœopathy, and the essential truth of the principles propounded by him are emphasized. But it is proposed that his discoveries should serve more as a starting point than as the end. The plea for a scientific outlook is put forth whereby the discoveries of Hahnemann may be re-examined, re-interpreted and if necessary re-adjusted in the light of newer knowledge and newer circumstances, to make Homœopathy more certain, speedy, effective and acceptable.
Observations on the effect of steroidal urinary extract on sub-acute and chronic rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Boman-Behram A.K.
Published: September 2006

Seventeen patients suffering from subacute and chronic rheumatoid arthritis, 20 to 69 years old, and with duration varying from 6 months to 20 years, were treated with steroidal extracts from their own urine. All of them had a preliminary aggravation soon after taking the extract. Fifteen patients responded favourably as judged by their general condition, and improvement in swelling and mobility of the affected joints.
Phosphorus in acute diseases of infancy and childhood
Authors: Foubister D.M.
Published: September 2006

Four characteristics of Phosphorus are described—the appearance, alertness, reaction to affection and anxiety which can easily be observed in children. The main differences between Phos., Calc. phos. and Ferrum phos. are discussed, and a few other remedies occasionally resembling, Phos. are mentioned.
Magnesia muriatica
Authors: Fergus Stewart T.
Published: September 2006

This paper has attempted to illustrate that Magnesia muriatica is an interesting and useful remedy which has perhaps been neglected.

The indications for its prescription in a number of patients have been discussed, and it has been suggested that it is useful in patients who are depressed, and suffer from nasal and liver troubles.

There are a number of peculiar little symptoms which might indicate that it should be prescribed when one would tend to give Lycopodium, Merc., Natrum mur., Natrum sulph., or Pulsatilla, either as a constitutional remedy or on account of the presenting symptoms.

In conclusion I have composed a little rhyme, I could hardly call it a poem, but it does at least remind us of some of the salient symptoms of this remedy, so I trust those of you who are real poets will forgive me for my levity!
Acute respiratory disease in childhood
Authors: Boyd H.W.
Published: September 2006

A series of 63 cases of bronchopneumonia and acute bronchitis in children is described, in which 22 cases of bronchopneumonia and 29 cases of acute bronchitis were treated with homœopathic remedies alone. The results are discussed and the suggestion made that large scale research is required to study the activity of these preparations.
A proving of Aqua marina
Authors: Sankaran P.
Published: September 2006

An attempt was made at proving Aqua marina and the results are published. It would be better to call this an attempt at a proving, for in several ways this proving falls short of optimum requirements. For example, we did not do pathological, bacteriological and radiological examinations, as is being done in modern provings. However, we are publishing this proving in the hope that it will stimulate further provings of this substance by other homœopaths, so that we shall be able to gather rich material concerning this substance.

I am deeply indebted to my students and house physicians for their assistance in carrying out this proving, and to my friend Dr. M. O. Shaikh for assisting me in collating the results. I must also express my gratitude to Messrs. Nelson of London for supplying the necessary medicines.
Quadruple nosode
Authors: Kerr John Fraser
Published: September 2006

It appears that the Quadruple Nosode was effective in keeping about 84% of patients free from incapacitating respiratory infections in winter, even in a city community in the Midlands. Of the 16% of patients who got infections in spite of the nosode, it is clear that many of them had milder infections than expected. Four of them had the misfortune to take a dose during the incubation of a cold and suffered aggravations, but they may have developed an even better immunity as a compensation. Persons with deep-seated chronic illnesses may react badly and need treating with extra care. It seems clear that Quadruple Nosode is a powerful prophylactic agent against respiratory infections which can be given to healthy persons with a high degree of success.
Coronary artery disease
Authors: Stewart T.F.
Published: September 2006

This paper has discussed the diagnosis, age incidence, medicinal treatment and mortality of coronary artery disease. From the case records of forty patients admitted to the Glasgow Homœopathic Hospital with coronary disease it has extracted the individual symptoms on which homœopathic medicines were prescribed for individual patients. The main part of the discussion is on the homœopathic remedies used, the remedies are discussed in the order of frequency of use, but the incidents reported are selected for their individual interest.
Silicea
Authors: Gutman William
Published: September 2006

Und keine Zeit und keine Macht zerstückelt Geprägte Form, die lebend sich entwickelt.
Goethe
Minicomputers in Homœopathy
Authors: De Ruyter E.A.A.A.D.
Published: September 2006

Repertory analysis of homœopathic cases has always been very time-consuming. For this reason homœopathic doctors have often had to restrict themselves to searching for the most likely remedies from a total of frequently as few as 50 most common remedies. The use of a relatively inexpensive minicomputer for repertory selection from a total of 352 homœopathic remedies based on the 501 most common symptoms from Boericke's Repertory is described. This procedure greatly reduces the time needed for and improves the accuracy of repertory analysis.
Facial neuralgia
Authors: Hoa Jacques Hui Bon
Published: September 2006

When confronted with a case of facial neuralgia, and if this is seated on the right and there is an absence of other indications, there is a strong chance that the remedy will be Kalmia latifolia. If it is seated on the left and the eyeball is affected, the remedy is Spigelia. If the pain is of the electrical discharge type and seated at the level of the left upper lip, or else of the lower left gum, the remedy is Colocynthis. When the pain appears gradually and disappears slowly, whether seated on the right or on the left, the remedy is Stannum. If the pain is aggravated by draughts, think of Nux vomica. If it is aggravated by the cold, think of Silicea. Sulphur and Calcarea carbonica are the two remedies for facial neuralgia which are at the same time the constitutional remedy for the patient, an exception to the rule which says that facial neuralgia is never treated constitutionally.

Facial pain of vascular ogirin, on the other hand, is treated constitutionally, like migraine (Sepia, Aurum, Pulsatilla).
Parallel effects of Pulsatilla and exogenous leutocyclin on the rat ovary, uterus and thyroid
Authors: Prasad Suresh , Chandrasekhar K.
Published: September 2006

A comparative study of Pulsatilla (a homœopathic medicine) and leutocyclin was undertaken in female albino rats showing regular oestrus cycles. Pulsatilla in the 30th and 200th potencies was administered orally, and leutocyclin was injected in doses of 0·125 mg and 1·25 mg. 0·25 ml/dose of 90 per cent. alcohol was used as the vehicle.

Pulsatilla 30 and 200 and leutocyclin at a dose of 1·25 mg markedly reduced the weight of the ovary. The higher dose of leutocyclin (1·25 mg) and both the attenuations of Pulsatilla increased the process of atresia in ovarian follicles. But a simultaneous decrease in the number and diameters of the corpora lutea was observed.

Administration of Pulsatilla and leutocyclin resulted in reduction in the weight of the uterus and the height of the endometrium and luminal epithelium. There was also a reduction in the height of epithelial cells in the thyroid. Both Pulsatilla and leutocyclin enhanced mitotic division in the uterine stroma.

The results indicate that leutocyclin in doses of between 0·125 mg and 1·25 mg may be used to produce similar changes in the ovary, uterus and thyroid of the rat as Pulsatilla 30 and 200.
Treatment with Natrum muriaticum
Authors: Ghosh A.
Published: September 2006

Characteristic features of Natrum muriaticum and the successful treatment of five patients with this remedy are discussed.
The place for non-pharmaceutical therapy in chronic rheumatoid arthritis: A critical study of homœopathy
Authors: Gibson Robin G. , Gibson Sheila L.M. , Macneill Alistair D. , Buchanan W. Watson
Published: September 2006

A two-part trial is reported in which patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with homœopathy. In the first part of the trial, 54 patients on homœopathy were compared with 41 patients on salicylate over the course of a year. 66 per cent. of the patients on homœopathy improved, as compared with 14.6 per cent. of the patients on salicylate.

In the second part of the trial, 46 patients took part in a double-blind study in which homœopathy was compared with placebo for a period of three months. The patients on homœopathy improved significantly while those on placebo did not.

It was also shown that it may well be possible to predict which patients are most likely to respond to homœopathic treatment.

No toxic effects were observed in any patient on homœopathy whereas 39 per cent. of the patients on salicylate experienced toxic effects.
Observations on the effect of house dust potencies
Authors: Morris-Owen R.M. , Datt-Lai K.
Published: September 2006

A short term study of the effect of House-dust potencies (30, 200) has been made in seventy-nine nasal or naso-bronchial patients with some degree of irritable reaction to inhaled house dust.

Sixty-two firm assessments of the initial treatments were made: in twenty-three there was clearly no effect, twenty-eight showed remissions of varying tempo and duration: in seven of these there were associated ‘reactive’ features. Eleven showed only symptomatic effects which might be considered as “reactive” or as “proving” manifestations.

Detail is given of the further course of those who began with remission, and of the symptoms encountered in the aggravations. Immunity to the effects of dust inhalation was an outstanding feature of the remissions, which however generally covered the whole symptomatic behaviour as well.

Only six patients have so far appeared capable of long-term response to treatment with House dust potencies alone.

The effects are compared with those of house dust injections, and it is clearly indicated that the two treatments operate on different lines.

Tentative suggestions are made for the discrimination of patients who may respond to the potencies and for the bearing these observations have on the design of a controlled trial.