bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING FINANCIAL LITERACY OF THE POPULATION: THE YUGRA CASE
Authors: МОISEEVA Darya V. , DULINA Nadezhda V. , Porshunova Larisa S.
Published: January 2021

In the context of the implementation of the “Strategy for improving financial literacy in the Russian Federation for 2017-2023”, the study of the working experience of a separate and significant region is relevant and potentially useful for practical purposes. The presented study identifies promising practices in the work aimed at changing the level of financial literacy of the population on the example of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area — Yugra.
The scientific novelty of the presented work consists of: 1) the author’s approach to understanding financial literacy as social skills acquired during the financial socialization of a person; 2) the use of Yugra’s material as an informational database; 3) a critical analysis of the classification groups used in the implementation of these programs; 4) the assessment of the prospects of the organization of work on increase of financial literacy of the population through the involvement of cultural institutions (museums, libraries, houses of culture) and ways of thinking about financial culture through Museum projects.
The authors employ traditional methods at the intersection of economics and sociology, involving an analysis of regulatory documents and a secondary analysis of the data from the All-Russian sociological study. The use of this methodology allowed demonstrating the existing bias in the regulation of financial behavior of Russians in favor of educational programs. With this method of organizing work, valuable results of sociological research and initiatives of other stakeholders, such as cultural organizations, remain outside the framework.
The results show that the use of standard classifications of socio-demographic groups in organizing the work of financial literacy of the population at the level of an individual subject can lead to the “loss” of important social groups for the region. For the Yugra, such a group is representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North. The recommendations of the study can be used to revise programs to improve financial literacy on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area and other regions, traditionally inhabited by indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North.
Quem protege é o juiz
Authors: Conceição Penha Ana Carolina
Published: January 2021

O princípio da proteção do trabalhador é conceituado pelos juristas como uma forma de compensação legal que visa garantir a superioridade jurídica ao empregado que é presumidamente inferior do ponto de vista econômico. Esta pesquisa pretende compreender este princípio através da observação das práticas e decisões interlocutórias dos juízes que atuaram da 5ª Vara do Trabalho de Niterói. A proteção fundamenta decisões diversas, mas não está nas leis escritas, como pensam os juristas. Os juízes identificam o processo judiciário como uma ferramenta de atribuição de direitos ao trabalhador. Neste sentido, o princípio da proteção se apresenta como uma “ideologia profissional”, que justifica a desconsideração de regras escritas e associa a finalidade protetiva da instituição com o exercício da atividade de julgar.
Apresentação
Authors: Stamford da Silva Artur
Published: January 2021

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The Diversification of Agriculture in Italy: Agritourism and Organic Management
Authors: Santucci Fabio Maria
Published: January 2021

During the last 70 years, since the end of WW II, Italian agriculture has increased its productivity but, despite the national and European financial support to the primary sector, millions of farms have closed their operations, millions of hectares have been abandoned, and millions of farmers have emigrated to towns and abroad. Rural desertification has been aggravated by the closures of public offices and private businesses. Against this grim scenario, this paper illustrates, with the most recent available data, the evolution and growth of two sub-sectors, organic farming and agritourism. Both sub-sectors were initially contrasted and the first farmers adopting these strategies have encountered problems and obstacles, they were fined, and sometimes had to close their operations. In both cases, the pioneers resisted, organized themselves, and—thanks also to the support of consumers and some scientists, were able to lobby local, national, and European law makers for appropriate legislation. The first part of the article contains the data about the evolution and distribution of agritourism and organic farms, while the second part compares several aspects of the two sub-sectors.
Sobreviviendo a la COVID
Authors: Lara Gonzalez Cynthia
Published: January 2021

Abordaré esta pandemia desde tres perspectivas: como docente, enfermera en área hospitalaria y sobreviviente de la enfermedad. Al principio de la contingencia, no tenía ni la menor idea de que cómo sería ésta, pero con el paso del tiempo me di cuenta de que no se parecía a nada que hubiéramos vivido antes.
7 preguntas reflexivas para la mejora de la enseñanza en la formación técnico-profesional
Authors: de Vega Micaela , Bardelli Noemí
Published: January 2021

Las medidas de emergencia sanitaria por covid-19 nos impusieron la necesidad de reinventar las prácticas de enseñanza reconocidas solamente desde la presencialidad para reconfigurar el pasaje a la virtualidad. Esto implicó en una institución educativa de la provincia de Neuquén (Argentina) diseñar y desarrollar un dispositivo de reflexión orientado al acompañamiento y sostén de las prácticas de enseñanza, basado en la relevancia de la revisión didáctica y pedagógica, propiciando la invención. El dispositivo tuvo una frecuencia semanal durante tres meses, bajo una modalidad grupal y se centró en la revisión y transformación de las prácticas en el contexto de virtualidad desconocido y abrupto para la mayoría de los/as docentes. La experiencia compartida en el testimonio recorre siete preguntas reflexivas que organizaron la propuesta de acompañamiento como así también las reflexiones de los docentes participantes al finalizar el mismo.
PARADIGMA SVJETSKE KNJIŽEVNOSTI IZ SLAVISTIČKE VIZURE
Authors: Car Milka
Published: January 2021

Book review: Diana Hitzke, Miriam Finkelstein (ur.), Slavische Literaturen der Gegenwart als Weltliteratur – Hybride Konstellationen. Innsbruck: Innsbruck University Press. 2018. 251 str.
POVRATAK FOLKLORISTIČKIM TEMELJIMA
Authors: Nikolić Davor
Published: January 2021

Book review: Ljiljana Marks i Evelina Rudan (ur.), Predaja: temelji žanra. Zagreb: Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku. 2018. 478 str.
Diskurzivni povratak subjekta
Authors: Brajović Tihomir
Published: January 2021

Prikaz knjige: Varja Balžalorsky Antić, Lirski subjekt: rekonceptualizacija. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, Inštitut za slovensko literaturo in literarne vede. 2019. 304 str.
“Femine erranti”: biblijske žene u djelima talijanskih renesansnih umjetnica
Authors: Dulibić-Paljar Dubravka
Published: January 2021

Prikaz knjige: Francesca Maria Gabrielli, Evine kćeri: žene o biblijskim ženama u talijanskoj renesansi. Zagreb: Disput. 2019. 217. str.
Los pobres y el manejo del dinero disponible: algunas enseñanzas de las encuestas financieras de las familias
Authors: Haubert Maxime
Published: January 2021

El propósito de esta nota de investigación es analizar cómo la cantidad de dinero que guardan los hogares en las cuentas corrientes o en las libretas de ahorro (sus disponibilidades monetarias) varía según sus ingresos. Con este fin, se analizaron encuestas patrimoniales de los hogares realizadas en dos épocas muy alejadas en el tiempo y en cuatro países muy diferentes en cuanto a sus estructuras socioeconómicas y a sus sistemas financieros (España, Francia, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos de América). El análisis comparativo muestra que, en todos los casos, la cantidad media de depósitos líquidos es mayor para los hogares más pobres de lo que podrían sugerir los modelos económicos usuales, lo que lleva a cuestionar la relevancia de estos modelos para entender su situación y la racionalidad de su comportamiento.
Internet como modo de administración de encuestas. Vidal Díaz de Rada Igúzquiza, Juan Antonio Domínguez Álvarez y Sara Pasadas del Amo. Madrid: CIS Cuadernos metodológicos nº 59, 2019
Authors: Martínez Martín Valentín C.
Published: January 2021

Como en muchos ámbitos, internet se está convirtiendo en un medio de uso generalizado por parte de la población. Este hecho hace que se abran nuevas posibilidades de interactuar con los usuarios y, ¿por qué no?, realizar una encuesta. En este sentido, recuerda la irrupción de las encuestas telefónicas como medio de recogida frente a los métodos presencial y postal, donde el teléfono aportaba una gran flexibilidad a la hora de contactar con la persona/hogar seleccionado para la encuesta, sin olvidar la importante reducción de los tiempos medios empleados en la recogida de la información, así como en los costes asociados.
Refugees, Migration and Global Governance. Negotiating the Global Compacts. Elisabeth G. Ferris y Katharina M. Donato. London: Routledge, 2020
Authors: Cachón Rodríguez Lorenzo
Published: January 2021

El 19 de septiembre de 2016 la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas aprobó la “Declaración de Nueva York para los refugiados y los migrantes”. Esa declaración pasó inadvertida no solo para el gran público, sino para muchos académicos que trabajan en el campo de las migraciones internacionales. Tenía un precedente el objetivo 10.7 de la “Agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible”, aprobada en el mismo foro el año anterior. En él se planteaba la necesidad de “Facilitar la migración y la movilidad ordenadas, seguras, regulares y responsables de las personas, incluso mediante la aplicación de políticas migratorias planificadas y bien gestionadas”.
La diversidad de las transiciones juveniles en España desde un análisis socio-demográfico
Authors: Moreno Mínguez Almudena , Sánchez Galán F. Javier
Published: January 2021

Este artículo presenta un modelo interpretativo sobre las tendencias de cambio observadas en las transiciones a la vida adulta de los jóvenes españoles durante el período 2007-2015 desde la perspectiva analítica e interpretativa del curso de la vida. Para tal fin se han utilizado los datos de la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida (2007-2015) por cohortes de edad desde los 17 a los 34 años, con el objetivo de poder combinar diferentes situaciones transicionales para cada cohorte definida, y analizar así la complejidad y heterogeneidad de las mismas a partir del análisis de entropía y desde una perspectiva de género. Los resultados apuntan a que, a pesar de los efectos de la crisis, la estructura de las transiciones se ha mantenido relativamente estable durante el período considerado, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la salida del hogar familiar y a la formación de la pareja. Otro resultado destacado es que las transiciones de las mujeres jóvenes se han complejizado y desestandarizado más que las masculinas, advirtiéndose una relativa reducción de las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres durante el período de crisis.
Experiencias y metáforas sobre la precariedad y la hiperactividad de la juventud en un tiempo de espera
Authors: Tejerina Benjamín
Published: January 2021

La precariedad se entiende generalmente como una característica negativa, una ausencia o falta de competencias o recursos de algún tipo. Si la juventud se define como un tiempo de preparación anterior a la edad adulta, puede conducir a interpretar esta etapa del ciclo vital como un momento de dependencia, un precompleto. Ambas pueden entenderse también como espacio-tiempo de actividad, creatividad, y experimentación de nuevas estrategias de vida en condiciones determinadas. El artículo plantea tres objetivos: uno, sistematiza los estudios sobre precariedad realizados en España en los últimos años; dos, a partir de estas investigaciones presenta una definición compleja de precariedad. Basado en un trabajo de campo de entrevistas personales y grupo de discusión aborda, en tercer lugar, diferentes significados, narrativas y experiencias de los jóvenes sobre la normalidad y la precariedad, así como algunas metáforas comúnmente utilizadas para referirse a la precariedad.
Paul du Gay, Consumo e identidad en el trabajo. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 2019
Authors: Alonso Luis Enrique
Published: January 2021

La colección Clásicos contemporáneos del servicio de publicaciones del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, nos viene entregando con regularidad títulos mayores de la producción editorial mundial en el campo de las ciencias sociales, títulos que no habían tenido la oportunidad de traducirse y publicarse en castellano en el momento en que empezaron a difundirse internacionalmente, al no encontrar sellos comerciales dispuestos a afrontar el riesgo de asumir proyectos muy exigentes por sus requerimientos editoriales (volumen de páginas de los textos, dificultades de traducción, situación de derechos de autor, mercado potencial muy pequeño, etc.).
Celso Sánchez Capdequí (ed.). Creatividad: entre transgresión y normalización. Madrid: La Catarata, 2020
Authors: Echevarría Pablo
Published: January 2021

La creatividad parece haberse constituido como lugar común en buena parte de los discursos actualmente predominantes. Bien sea como parte de una reacción pendular a escenarios previos, focalizados en una imagen funcional-racionalista del ser humano y sus relaciones, bien como desbordamiento de estos - por ejemplo a través de la terminología y el imaginario de la innovación -, o - más probablemente - simultaneándo y entremezclándose ambos supuestos, la referencia a lo creativo ha pasado de ser reivindicación transgresora a excurso altamente normativizado. Es este proceso el que, ya desde su título - Creatividad: entre transgresión y normalización -, se presenta y analiza lúcidamente en esta obra, recuperando además algunas de las implicaciones y resonancias de un concepto que, en - para y por - su normativización, se ha visto mutilado, simplificado y constreñido.
Factors of nonspeciﬁc resistance in residents of the Murmansk region and the republic of Karelia
Authors: Demidov V. I. , Trotsenko A. A. , Zakrevsky Yu. N. , Milyakova L. V.
Published: January 2021

The aim of the research was to study the factors of nonspeciﬁc resistance in residents of the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia and the possible inﬂuence of various natural and industrial environmental factors on them.Materials and methods: the indicators of cellular and humoral immunity were studied, evaluated in 2224 people living in the Murmansk region (n=1118) and in the Republic of Karelia (n=1106), for the period from 2001 to 2018. The methods used to study were buccal tests, bactericidal activity of the skin, cytochemical studies (glycogen, alkaline phosphatase) of peripheral blood and differential analysis of erythrocytes. According to the data obtained, the indices of nonspeciﬁc resistance in residents of the Murmansk region are on average within the normal range, in contrast to those in the Republic of Karelia.Results: the studies carried out revealed that human blood indices are interrelated with the indices of his nonspeciﬁc immunity when adapting to unfavorable environmental conditions in industrial cities. The following blood parameters of the inhabitants of the studied areas reacted to regional natural and industrial factors: glycogen in lymphocytes and neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, leukocytes, segmented neutrophils. Complex methods for studying the nonspeciﬁc resistance of the organism can be recommended as an express diagnosis of the inﬂuence of environmental factors on the state of the human body as a whole.
Архитектор Фридрих Ларс (1880–1964) и его литографии «Город Канта. 8 изображений Кёнигсберга 18 века». Часть 2
Authors: Белинцева Ирина
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена воссозданию биографии и творческого пути архитектора Петра Исааковича Гольденберга (1902-1971), имя которого сегодня практически забыто несмотря на то, что многие его научные работы активно используются как истори­ками архитектуры, так и специалистами по истории развития Москвы. Личные документы П.И. Гольденберга и его рукописи, сохранившиеся в фонде архитектора в Российском государ­ственном архиве экономики, позволили восстановить ключевые даты его жизни и творчества в рассматриваемый период, а также определить круг вопросов, изучением которых занимался архи­тектор, выбравший в силу обстоятельств главной сферой своих интересов научную деятельность. В центре внимания статьи находятся публикации П.И. Гольденберга, а также различные материалы из его архива, связанные с формированием прин­ципов архитектурно-пространственной организации жилого квартала в СССР в 1930-е годы. Исследования в этой области были начаты архитектором по заказу Планировочно-земельного отдела Моссовета в 1931 году и впоследствии практически без перерыва продолжались вплоть до начала Великой отечествен­ной войны, независимо от изменения мест работы исследова­теля - в Архитектурно-планировочном управлении Моссовета, в Академии коммунального хозяйства, в Отделе планировки Моссовета, в Академии архитектуры. И хотя П.И. Гольденберг был не единственным специалистом в этой области в СССР, его публикации выходили на протяжении всего десятилетия и по­зволяют проследить, как менялись представления о принципах архитектурно-пространственной организации жилого квартала и с какими проблемами сталкивались архитекторы при разработке проектов застройки жилых кварталов в течение 1930-х годов[1].

[1]  Исследование выполнено за счёт средств Государственной программы Российской Федерации «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013-2020 годы в рамках Плана фундаментальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН. Тема 1.2.19.
1922-1956 годы. Нереализованные проекты развития центрального композиционного ядра Москвы на примере Аллеи Ильича. Часть 2
Authors: Ткаченко Сергей
Published: January 2021

Вторая часть статьи[1] посвящена изучению теоретических и практических аспектов влияния нереализованной концеп­ции Аллеи Ильича на архитектурно-планировочное развитие Москвы в 1930-1950-х годов.

Теоретические и практические аспекты влияния нереализо­ванных градостроительных решений, концепций и подходов на архитектурно-планировочное развитие городов являются вос­требованными для научного поиска. В работе рассматривается Аллея Ильича - часть Кремлёвского полукольца, начинающаяся от площади Дзержинского и заканчивающаяся районом строи­тельства Дворца Советов. Оценивается градостроительная роль концепции Аллеи Ильича - нереализованной, но оказывавшей реальное влияние на территориальное планирование Москвы. Возникшая по программе увековечения памяти В.И. Ленина, Аллея Ильича фигурировала во многих московских градострои­тельных концепциях и проектах 1920-1950-х годов: в конкурсах на Дворец Советов, Парк культуры и отдыха, дипломных работах студентов архитектурного факультета ВХУТЕМАСа и Московского архитектурного института, проектах реконструкции ансамблей центральных площадей столицы, Генеральном плане реконструк­ции Москвы 1935 года. Концепция Аллеи Ильича эволюциони­ровала вместе с изменением градостроительной политики - от «романтизированной схемы» до проектов радикальной пере­стройки центра Москвы, «ансамбля ансамблей». Практически ни одна из концепций Аллеи Ильича не была реализована в завершённом виде. При исследовании в качестве временной шкалы применена периодизация московского градостроитель­ства, основанная на ретроспективной оценке формирования планировочной структуры города в увязке с социально-эко­номическими и политическими факторами влияния. Изучение влияния нереализованных проектов на эволюцию городов и городских сообществ при формировании пакета сценариев социально-экономического и территориального городского развития даёт возможность использования возрождённых и актуализированных творческих концепций в реальном проек­тировании. Исследование сопровождается ранее не публико­вавшимися материалами проекта реконструкции центра Москвы, выполненными в мастерской-школе И.В. Жолтовского.

[1] Первая часть статьи «1922-1956 годы. Нереализованные проекты развития центрального композиционного ядра Москвы на примере Аллеи Ильича» опубликована в № 3 журнала «Academia. Архитектура и строи­тельство» за 2020 год.
Российская наука: территориальные проблемы развития
Authors: Бочаров Юрий , Фрезинская Наталия , Сергеев Кирилл
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы пространственной организации исследовательской деятельности в нашей стране. Отмечается неравномерность территориального распределе­ния объектов науки, которая усилилась за последние годы в процессе падения средних темпов роста экономики в пять раз по сравнению с ключевыми задачами Стратегии-2020. Анали­зируется главная зона научных исследований, образующая стержень социально-экономического развития России. На основе многофакторного регрессионного анализа определя­ются города, способные стать ведущими научными центрами этой зоны. В западной части страны численность населения такого города должна превышать 700 тыс. жителей, в восточ­ной части - 500 тыс. жителей. Даётся оценка положительным изменениям, которые станут результатом строительства но­вых научно-образовательных центров в Кузбассе, Нижего­родской, Тюменской и Белгородской областях, в Пермском крае (в соответствии с национальным проектом «Наука»).

Анализируется Столичный регион, включающий крупнейшую в стране групповую систему населённых мест. Характеризуются условия размещения объектов науки в ядре групповой системы и в её периферийной зоне. Рассматривается объединение на единой площадке подразделений Национального космического центра, создаваемого в Филях. Ожидается, что оно обеспечит повышение эффективности производственных, конструкторских и научно-исследовательских работ. Рассматривается пере­базирование группы московских институтов в связи с необо­снованным изъятием их земельных участков. Это обусловлено интересами рыночных структур и недостаточной заинтересо­ванностью Минобрнауки в создании условий, способствующих производительному труду учёных. Выдвигается предложение по разработке для Столичного региона Отраслевой схемы террито­риального планирования исследовательской деятельности*).
Тематические парки как элемент комплексных рекреационных центров
Authors: Спиридонова Ольга , Геворкян София
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматривается международный и российский опыт строительства и эксплуатации тематических парков различной функциональной наполненности для определения целесообразности применения такого опыта при создании на межселенных территориях рекреационных зон нового типа. Рассмотрена последовательность изменений тематики парков в мире и России. Подчёркнута актуальность создания возможных условий связанности межселенных территорий и небольших населённых пунктов в регионах Центрального федерального округа Российской Федерации, в том числе за счёт формирования рекреационного каркаса, включающего рекреационные кластеры. Предположено, что «точками роста» рекреационных зон в провинции могут стать реги­ональные тематические парки насущной тематики, так как организация рекреационных территорий способствует благо­приятному решению вопросов занятости населения, досуга, образовательно-воспитательного процесса в малых городах и иных населённых пунктах (с численностью населения до 20 тыс. человек). Сопоставлены показатели существующего состояния зон и объектов рекреации Брянской, Ивановской, Рязанской и Тамбовской областей Центрального федераль­ного округа Российской Федерации. Рассмотрен зарубежный и отечественный опыт создания тематических парков. Вы­явлена последовательность изменений тематики парков в мире и России. Сделаны выводы, согласно которым создание общего для соседствующих территорий значимого объекта рекреации может стать положительным опытом консолидации различных административных единиц, привлечь внешние инвестиции, помочь решить вопросы развития внутреннего туризма. Представлены варианты систематизации позиций рекреационного каркаса. Подчёркнуто, что создание несколь­кими регионами общего рекреационного объекта в системе рекреационного каркаса, может стать достойным примером решения части социальных и экономических задач[1].

 

[1]     Исследование выполнено за счёт средств Государственной программы РФ «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013-2020 гг. в рамках Плана фунда­ментальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН на 2019 год. Тема 4.3.8 «Научные основы формирования инфраструктуры рекреации и агротуризма. Научные основы инфраструктурно-планировочной организации рекреационных территорий малых городов России».
О двух подходах к определению сил притяжения гравитонной модели и их изменений при больших скоростях движения тел
Authors: Карпенко Николай , Карпенко Сергей
Published: January 2021

Силы тяжести (силы гравитационного, гравитонного при­тяжения) тел играют важную роль в различных областях науки и техники, в том числе в строительной механике. Так, большинство основных нагрузок, действующих на здания и сооружения, связаны с силами тяжести.

Эти силы определяются на основании закона притяжения тел И. Ньютона. Однако физическая природа переносчика сил притяжения в этом законе остается открытой.

В работах авторов физическая природа формирования и передачи сил тяжести раскрывается на основании уста­новленных закономерностей формирования и реактивного выброса из массы тела потоков гравитонов с последующим рассеиванием и действием рассеянных потоков на встреч­ные массы тел (условно - на встречные тела). Показано, что взаимное действие потоков гравитонов двух тел сводится к закону тяготения И. Ньютона при условии соблюдения третье­го закона И. Ньютона: «действие равно противодействию». Однако справедливость действия (дальнодействия) этого закона на расстоянии вызывает вопросы.

В данной статье рассмотрено два подхода гравитонной постановки, при которых закон тяготения И. Ньютона и его третий закон: «действие равно противодействию» - выпол­няются автоматически.

С учётом особенностей этих подходов рассмотрено развитие гравитонной модели на притяжение тел, дви­жущихся с большими скоростями, когда зависимости гравитонной модели существенно меняются. Усиливается выброс гравитонов, который приводит к сжатию тела и его утяжелению без изменения его начальной массы, а также к другим явлениям.
On Some Features of the Directive Method of Managing the Leningrad Energy System in the First Post-War Decade
Authors: Lushin A. I. , Avdanin V. V.
Published: January 2021

Based on archival sources and recent scientific publications, the article examines the main components of the Directive method of energy industry management in the first post-war decade in Leningrad, which determined its main features and specifics. At the same time, the publication shows the main stages of restoration and modernization of the Leningrad power system, and notes the contribution of Leningrad power engineers to the formation of the conceptual foundations of the country’s energy security, which are relevant in modern conditions.
Family Medicine Telehealth Clinic With Medical Students
Authors: Peterseim Carolyn , Watson Kristen Hood
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 has altered clinical clerkships for medical students, providing an opportunity for telehealth with medical students to take center stage in the age of technology. This research brief demonstrates why and how to incorporate medical students into telehealth. For the purposes of clinical students, telehealth is a better educational alternative to in-person patient care than online modules. We performed a successful outpatient family medicine telehealth pilot program at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) that is currently being scaled up to other clerkships. This pilot was very limited in scope, but serves as a scalable model for future telehealth programs and curricula incorporating medical students.
Treatment of fracture dislocation of the femoral head using safe surgical hip dislocation: a case report.
Authors: BAIDOO Paa , Jnr Kwasi Twumasi-Baah , Anning Kwadwo , Assim Alex , Ayodeji Emmanuel , Gudugbe Senyo
Published: January 2021

We report the clinical and radiological outcomes of a 30-year-old female
with femoral head fracture following a posterior hip dislocation. The
patient was managed using safe surgical hip dislocation and reviewed the
literature on Pipkin type I fractures.
Biotechnological production of the European corn borer sex pheromone in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Petkevicius Karolis , Koutsoumpeli Eleni , Betsi Petri , Ding Bao-Jian , Kildegaard Kanchana Rueksomtawin , Jensen Hilbert , Mezo Nora , Mazziotta Andrea , Gabrielsson Anders , Sinkwitz Christina , Lorantfy Bettina , Holkenbrink Carina , Löfstedt Christer , Raptopoulos Dimitris , Konstantopoulou Maria , Borodina Irina
Published: January 2021

The European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis is a widespread pest of
cereals. Mating disruption with the sex pheromone is a potentially
attractive method for managing this pest. The goal of this study was to
develop a biotechnological method for the production of ECB sex
pheromone. Our approach was to engineer the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia
lipolytica to produce (Z)-11-tetradecenol (Z11-14:OH), which can be
chemically acetylated to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc), the
main pheromone component of the Z-race of O. nubilalis. Fatty acyl-CoA
desaturases (FAD) and fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FAR) from nine
different species of Lepidoptera were screened individually and in
combinations. A titer of 29.2±1.6 mg/L Z11-14:OH was reached in
small-scale cultivation with an optimal combination of a FAD (Lbo_PPTQ)
from Lobesia botrana and FAR (HarFAR) from Helicoverpa armigera. When
the second copies of FAD and FAR genes were introduced, the titer
improved 2.1-fold. The native FAS1 gene’s overexpression led to a
further 1.5-fold titer increase. When the same engineered strain was
cultivated in controlled 1 L bioreactors in fed-batch mode, 188.1±13.4
mg/L of Z11-14:OH was obtained. Fatty alcohols were chemically
acetylated to obtain Z11-14:OAc. Electroantennogram experiments showed
that males of the Z-race of O. nubilalis were responsive to
biologically-derived pheromone blend. Behavioral bioassays in a wind
tunnel revealed attraction of male O. nubilalis at a level similar to
that of the chemically synthesized pheromone used as a control, although
full precopulatory behavior was observed less often. The study paves the
way for the production of ECB pheromone by fermentation.
Hybrid Java: The creation of a Hybrid Programming Environment
Authors: Noone Mark , Mooney Aidan , Nolan Keith
Published: January 2021

This article details the creation of a hybrid computer programming environment combining the power of the text-based Java language with the visual features of the Snap! language. It has been well documented that there exists a gap in the education of computing students in their mid-to-late teenage years, where perhaps visual programming languages are no longer suitable and textual programming languages may involve too steep of a learning curve. There is an increasing need for programming environments that combine the benefits of both languages into one.

Snap! is a visual programming language which employs “blocks” to allow users to build programs, similar to the functionality offered by Scratch. One added benefit of Snap! is that it offers the ability to create one’s own blocks and extend the functionality of those blocks to create more complex and powerful programs. This will be utilised to create the Hybrid Java environment. The development of this tool will be detailed in the article, along with the motivation and use cases for it.

Initial testing conducted will be discussed including one phase that gathered feedback from a pool of 174 first year Computer Science students. These participants were given instructions to work with the hybrid programming language and evaluate their experience of using it. The analysis of the findings along with future improvements to the language will also be presented.
Oral health of prosthetic rehabilitated patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Scepanovic Miodrag , Djordjevic Vladan , Stasevic-Karlicic Ivana , Joksimovic Ena , Staletovic Danijela , Bjelic Borivoj , Rakasevic Dragana , Pejic-Duspara Mirjana , Todorovic Ljubomir
Published: January 2021

Introduction/Objective. Factors such as nature of psychiatric disorder, length of hospitalization and oralside effects of psychotropic medications may considerably contribute to high prevalence of oral diseases among people with schizophrenia, and a consequent need for prosthetic rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to ascertain the oral health level of prosthetic rehabilitated patients with schizophrenia and to consider their needs for future improvement of prosthetic rehabilitation. Methods. The study group comprised 52 patients with schizophrenia, hospitalized at the Dr Laza Lazarevic Clinic for Mental Disorders, Belgrade. The control group comprised 52 patients with no psychiatric medical history, treated at the School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. The oral health indices (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth Index ? DMFT, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs ? CPITN, and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index ? OHI-S), socio-demographic characteristics, smoking habits, oral hygiene habits, and previous dental visits were registered in both groups, as well as medical characteristics of the primary disease in the study group patients. Results. Fifty percent of the study group patients had partial mobile dentures, while almost 30% had fixed dentures, in contrast to the control group patients, who prevalently had fixed dentures. In both groups of patients, a statistical significance was observed between partial mobile and fixed dentures wearers, in terms of DMFT index, carious teeth, CPI modified, and OHI-S. Similarly, a statistically significant difference between the groups was observed concerning fixed dentures in terms of carious teeth, filled teeth, CPI modified, and OHI-S. Conclusion. Multidisciplinary approach is needed for complete oral and prosthetic rehabilitation of this group of psychiatric patients.
A study of Nörlund ideal convergent sequence spaces
Authors: Khan Vakeel , Abdullah Sameera , Alshlool Kamal
Published: January 2021

The N?rlund matrix Nt in the theory of sequence space was firstly used by Wang. In this paper, by using the N?rlund mean Nt and the notion of ideal convergence, we introduce some new sequence spaces cI 0(Nt), cI (Nt), and lI?(Nt) as a domain of N?rlund mean. We study some topological and algebraic properties on these spaces. Further, some inclusion concerning these spaces are discussed.
Surgical Management of the Breast
Authors: Chagpar Anees B
Published: January 2021

The last several decades have seen a dramatic metamorphosis in the surgical management of breast cancer. The diagnosis of this malignancy is now more often made using minimally invasive imaging-directed techniques. Cancers that were routinely managed with disfiguring radical mastectomies are now treated with breast-conserving surgery, and axillary dissection has yielded to sentinel node biopsy, which may or may not be followed with completion dissection even in the setting of node-positive disease. Increasingly, breast surgical oncology is nested within a multidisciplinary context, and advances in a number of disciplines have yielded revolutionary changes in the surgical management of the leading malignancy affecting women in the United States. This review discusses advances in the surgical management of breast cancer in this context, highlighting key clinical trials that have led to these changes.

This review contains 4 figures, 6 tables and 72 references
Key words: axillary dissection, breast conservation, chemotherapy, margins, mastectomy, multidisciplinary, oncoplastic, radiation therapy, reconstruction, sentinel node biopsy
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)
Authors: Cronin Patricia A , Van Zee Kimberly J
Published: January 2021

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is noninvasive intraductal carcinoma of the breast and is defined as a malignant proliferation of ductal epithelial cells that are confined to the milk ducts. It is a nonobligate precursor of invasive breast cancer, but at present, there is no reliable method of predicting which lesions will invade in a given time frame. Historically, DCIS was an uncommon lesion; however, widespread use of screening mammography has resulted in a significant increase in the rate of detection, and DCIS now accounts for about 20% of all breast cancers in the United States. Current treatment options for DCIS include breast-conserving surgery (BCS) alone, BCS with radiotherapy (RT), BCS with endocrine therapy, BCS with both RT and endocrine therapy, mastectomy, and even bilateral mastectomy. There is currently concern about overtreatment of this lesion, but there are no reliable data regarding outcomes without treatment. Although survival is excellent with all standard treatments, local recurrence rates vary widely with various treatment options. Given the variety of options available, the goal of treatment is to tailor the management plan to the individual and optimize the balance of risks and benefits according to the values and priorities of the woman herself.

This review contains 10 figures, 6 tables and 54 references.
 Key words: active surveillance, breast conservation, ductal carcinoma in situ, endocrine therapy, intraductal carcinoma, margins, mastectomy, radiation, recurrence, risk factors
Axillary Metastasis with Occult Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Kuritzky Anne , Khazai Laila , Diaz Roberto , Laronga Christine
Published: January 2021

The identification of an axillary metastasis in the absence of a primary breast cancer can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. The clinician should first use more sensitive imaging modalities, such as breast magnetic resonance imaging, to attempt to find the primary index lesion. If the primary cancer remains occult and the molecular markers are consistent with a breast origin, then the recommended treatment includes multimodality therapy including surgery, chemotherapy/endocrine treatment, and radiation. Historically, the modified radical mastectomy was the standard of practice. Recently, in the era of improved adjuvant therapies, breast-conserving surgery with irradiation is also being considered. Multiple retrospective reviews have shown no difference in survival or recurrence with these two surgical pathways. However, due to the rare nature of this clinical presentation, no multiinstitutional or prospective clinical trial data are available. 
Key words: axillary lymph node dissection, axillary metastasis, breast cancer, breast conservation, local recurrence, occult primary tumor, radiotherapy
Polyposis Syndromes
Authors: Kelley Katherine A , Herzig Daniel O
Published: January 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men and women. Although about one third of cancers arise in patients with a family history of CRC, only 5% arise in the setting of mendelian-inherited disorders. Patients without a family history but with a significant polyp burden (> 20 polyps) should be considered to have polyposis syndrome. The field of polyposis syndromes continues to advance, based on new genetic discoveries that define the genetic etiologies of polyposis syndromes. When considered in relation to an individual’s phenotype, these discoveries help guide screening and treatment based on the cancer risk created by specific mutations. Patients with polyposis syndromes carry an increased risk of CRC and some other extracolonic cancers. Future research will provide additional insight into the cause of polyposis syndromes without a currently detectable gene defect and will improve early identification and cancer prevention in affected individuals. Identification of additional molecular characteristics may lead to a more personalized approach to treatment for these individuals.
This review contains 7 figures, 11 tables and 52 references.
Key words: attenuated familial polyposis, colorectal cancer risk, familial adenomatous polyposis, hamartomatous polyposis syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, MUTYH-associated polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, polyposis syndromes, screening guidelines, serrated polyposis syndrome
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Mitchell Kyle G , Nelson David B , Hofstetter Wayne L
Published: January 2021

Although its incidence in the Western world is decreasing, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC) remains a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Recent analyses have identified a number of unique characteristics that differentiate ESCC from esophageal adenocarcinoma at the etiologic, genomic, and epigenetic levels. A thorough diagnostic and staging work-up includes endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and axial imaging. Applicable therapeutic modalities include definitive endoscopic therapies, resection alone, trimodality therapy, definitive chemoradiation, systemic therapy, and palliative treatment options. Given the complexity of this disease and its management, careful consideration in a multidisciplinary setting is warranted to appropriately individualize therapeutic options.

This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 51 references.
Key Words: squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal diseases, esophageal cancer, esophageal neoplasms, gastroesophageal junction, Tylosis, bimodality therapy, trimodality therapy, endoscopic therapy
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Cloyd Jordan M , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: January 2021

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy. For patients who present with localized disease, surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment. Similar to the treatment of other liver malignancies, the principle surgical approach for iCCA should be a margin-negative hepatic resection with preservation of a liver remnant of adequate size and function. Regional lymphadenectomy is recommended at the time of hepatectomy due to the importance of nodal involvement on staging and prognosis. Given the substantial recurrence rates observed even after curative-intent resection, perioperative systemic therapy may have value, with recent prospective data suggesting adjuvant capecitabine may be the standard therapy recommended for most patients. For those with metastatic or unresectable disease, systemic chemotherapy and locoregional modalities are recommended. In the future, improved understanding of the genetic and molecular underpinnings of iCCA tumorigenesis will lead to improved targeted therapies and better outcomes for these patients.
This review contains 4 figures, 1 table and 35 references.
Key Words: biliary tract cancer, chemotherapy, hepatectomy, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, Klatskin, liver cancer, liver resection, lymphadenectomy, vascular resection
Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Farley Clara R , Delman Keith A , Lowe Michael C
Published: January 2021

Melanoma presents a significant health burden as its incidence continues to rise in both sexes and remains the most common cause of skin cancer–related death. Risk factors for the development of melanoma include sun exposure, fair complexion, increasing age, previous melanoma, multiple dysplastic nevi, and familial syndromes. Wide local excision is the standard of care for those with early forms of melanoma, with sentinel lymph node biopsy in appropriate populations. Sentinel lymph node status contributes to the discussion as to whether to pursue completion lymphadenectomy. This review outlines surgical treatment of primary cutaneous melanoma, including wide local excision, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and completion lymphadenectomy.
 
This review contains 10 figures, 4 tables and 33 references
Key words: biopsy, cutaneous, lymphadenectomy, margin, melanoma, pathology, primary, sentinel node, surgery, treatment
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Karakousis Giorgos , Vining Charles C , Sinnamon Andrew J
Published: January 2021

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive carcinoma of the skin with a high recurrence rate and propensity for metastasis. It was first described in 1972 and subsequently reclassified as a neuroendocrine tumor. Merkel cells are now thought to arise from the epidermal stem cells, not neural crest progenitor cells, as originally thought, and are the only cutaneous cells that form electron-dense neurosecretory granules. Although rare, the incidence of MCC is rapidly increasing. MCC is more often than not associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus, which may be involved in the malignant transformation and pathogenesis of MCC. Mortality exceeds that of the more commonly occurring skin cancer melanoma, with an overall 5-year survival rate ranging from 30 to 64%. Large reviews have documented recurrence rates ranging from 25 to 50% for local recurrence, 52 to 59% for regional recurrence, and 34 to 36% for distant metastases. Early-stage disease can sometimes be cured with surgery and radiation. Due to the rarity of MCC, statistically significant prospective data are lacking to validate prognostic features and treatment. Therefore, recommendations are largely based on small studies, meta-analyses, and expert consensus. Moreover, no consistent molecular activator in MCC has been identified, resulting in large variability in targeted therapies used in its treatment. New therapies to treat advanced MCC, including immunotherapy, hold promise for improved outcomes in the future. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the etiology, prognosis, and management of MCC.
This review contains 6 figures, 4 tables and 52 references
 Key words: Merkel cell carcinoma, Merkel cell polyomavirus, Merkel cell tactile receptor
Malignant Tumors of the Spleen
Authors: Paniccia Alessandro , Chapman Brandon , Gleisner Ana
Published: January 2021

Malignant tumors of the spleen are rare lesions that can be divided into three broad categories: lymphoproliferative diseases, metastatic lesions, and primary splenic (nonlymphoid) malignant neoplasms. Additionally, although myeloproliferative diseases are not tumors of the spleen, they do have the potential to either directly or indirectly affect splenic function, often manifesting as splenomegaly, hypersplenism, or both. Lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative diseases are almost always systemic diseases. Consequently, medical therapy is the primary treatment, and splenectomy is currently reserved for patients with hematologic disorders refractory to medical management—for palliation of symptoms caused by splenomegaly or hypersplenism—and in the rare case of the pure splenic form of the disease. Patients affected by malignant splenic lesions often present with vague symptomatology, including generalized malaise, fatigue, weight loss, and fever. These symptoms may be accompanied by abdominal pain, a palpable left upper quadrant mass, or overt splenomegaly. Radiologic imaging, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, is mandatory in the evaluation of splenic tumors and may narrow the differential diagnosis. Management of splenic metastases should be individualized and, whenever possible, determined in a multidisciplinary setting. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with primary malignant tumors of the spleen in the absence of metastatic disease. 

This review contains 10 figures, 8 tables and 51 references
Key words: angiosarcoma, leukemia, malignant splenic tumor, metastatic splenic tumor, spleen, splenectomy, splenic lymphoma