bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive quantitative multidetector computed tomography models for characterization of renal cell carcinoma subtypes and differentiation from renal oncocytoma: nomogram algorithmic approach analysis
Authors: Shebel Haytham , Abou El Atta Heba M. , El-Diasty Tarek , Sharaf Doaa Elsayed
Published: July 2024

Background

Our objective is to develop an algorithmic approach using predictive models to discriminate between common solid renal masses, including renal cell carcinoma [RCC] subtypes and renal oncocytoma [RO], using multiphase computed tomography [CT].

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed a group of solid renal masses between January 2011 and January 2023 regarding the CT attenuation values using a multiphase multidetector CT and clinical parameters. Inclusion criteria included patients who had four phases of CT with a partial or radical nephrectomy. Exclusion criteria were patients with biphasic or one-phase CT, poor imaging quality, patients under surveillance, radiofrequency ablation, or indeterminate pathology findings as oncocytic tumor variants. We divided our cohort into training and internal validation sets.

Results

Our results revealed that a total of 467 cases, 351 patients assigned for the training cohort and 116 cases assigned for validation cohort. There is a significant difference between hypervascular clear RCC [CRCC and RO] and hypovascular chromophobe and papillary [ChRCC and PRCC] masses in both training and validation sets, AUC = 0.95, 0.98, respectively. The predictive model for differentiation between CRCC and RO showed AUC = 0.83, 0.85 in both training and validation sets, respectively. At the same time, the discrimination of ChRCC from PRCC showed AUC = 0.94 in the training set and 0.93 in the validation cohort.

Conclusions

Using the largest sample to our knowledge, we developed a three-phase analytical approach to initiate a practical method to discriminate between different solid renal masses that can be used in daily clinical practice.
Reviving the past: urban strategies for renovating historic commercial streets in city centers
Authors: Shehab El-Deen Amera S. , Aboulsaadat Ahmed H. , Nour Walaa A.
Published: July 2024

Historical city centers are one of the reasons that give cities their identity, memory, and sense of belonging. The commercial areas within these centers are particularly important, as they contribute significantly to the vitality of the urban environment. However, due to rapid developments in recent times, many of these historic commercial streets have lost their significance and fallen victim to informal usage, resulting in the erosion of their historic identity. Consequently, it becomes imperative to renovate these historic commercial streets to preserve the community’s identity. The proposed methodology aims to foster local culture by revitalizing these streets and emphasizing the principles and criteria of heritage preservation that not only preserve the community’s identity but also serve as vibrant and inclusive spaces for residents and visitors alike to fulfill the concept of vitality and livability. In this context, the focus is on protecting historical areas and ensuring their ongoing relevance and benefits, extending not only to street users but also to the entire community. To achieve this, a series of steps are suggested for the renovation of historic commercial streets within city centers, accompanied by a reliable set of criteria that preserve their visual identity rooted in history. To demonstrate the application of these criteria, a case study was conducted for the proposed renovation of Mahmud Al-Banna Street, a historic commercial street in downtown Tanta, Egypt. The objective of the study was to develop strategies that would effectively address various aspects, including urban, visual, environmental, and economic issues. As a result, the research concluded that the proposed regeneration strategies, if implemented, could enhance the vitality and livability of the historic commercial districts for other urban environments.
Significance of Pathologic Response in Patients With Early and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in a Middle-Income Country. A Real-World Historical Cohort
Authors: Mantilla William , Gonzalez Maríafernanda , Rojas Sebastián , Borras-Osorio Mariana , Molano-Gonzalez Nicolas , Moran Diego , Guerra Joaquín Hernando , Romero Oscar , Munevar Isabel , Borda Molina Andres Armando , Preciado Beatriz Elena , Calidonio Camila Lema , Moran Ortiz Diego Efrain , Lopez Isabel Munevar , Guerra Villamizar Joaquin Hernando , Daza Buitrago Jorge Anibal , Osorio Mariana Borras , Lujan Piedrahita Mauricio Humberto , Medina Mauricio Lema , Mantilla Duran William Armando ,   on behalf of the ICAROS Research Group
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent neoplasm in women in Colombia and is associated with a higher mortality rate than in other countries and regions. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become a standard treatment in locally advanced BC and provides an opportunity to improve clinical outcomes in BC. This study aims to describe characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes after NACT in a cohort of Colombian patients with BC.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective cohort study. We included adult patients with BC treated with NACT. Clinical charts were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics and time to event for overall survival analyses were performed. Recursive partitioning was performed for survival curves to assess the complex relationship between survival times and other variables.

RESULTS

Three hundred and fourteen patients were included for analysis. The pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (ypCR) rate was 34.4%, with a higher ypCR in triple-negative BC (TNBC; 46.9%) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive BC (72.7%). Those who did not achieve ypCR had a higher percentage of death and relapse. The median follow-up was 4.9 years, with an 88.2% 5-year overall survival (OS).

CONCLUSION

A total of 62.6% of the total patients identified were not treated with NACT, indicating a low utilization. Our global ypCR rate was higher when compared with similar studies in Colombia, likely because of differences in the NACT treatment regimens. ypCR was only associated with OS in the TNBC subgroup, emphasizing the importance of pursuing ypCR in these patients. We consider the use of NACT a valuable opportunity to implement innovative treatment approaches that improve outcomes in Colombian patients with BC.
Unplanned Hospital Admissions in Patients With Solid Tumors in Brazil: Causes and Progressive Disease's Impact on Outcomes
Authors: Hidalgo Filho Cassio Murilo , Lazar Neto Felippe , Sobottka Vitor Pinheiro , da Rocha João Wilson , Stangler Lucas Tadeu Barrak , Andrade Heloisa Guedes , Benfatti Olivato Gustavo , Claro Mateus Zapparoli , Souza Danillo Zeferino de Oliveira , Yamamoto Victor Junji , Soares Mateus Marinho Nogueira , Estevez-Diz Maria del Pilar , Hoff Paulo M. , Bonadio Renata Colombo
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Most patients with cancer will be hospitalized throughout the disease course. However, most evidence on the causes and outcomes of these hospitalizations comes from administrative data or small retrospective studies from high-income countries.

METHODS

This study is a retrospective cohort of patients with solid tumors hospitalized from February 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, in a tertiary cancer center in São Paulo, Brazil. We collected data on cancer diagnosis, symptoms at admission, hospitalization diagnosis, and survival clinical outcomes during in-hospital stay (in-hospital mortality) and after discharge (readmission rates and overall survival [OS]). Progressive disease (PD) diagnosis during admission was retrieved from manual chart review if explicitly stated by the attending physician. We modeled in-hospital mortality and postdischarge OS with logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively.

RESULTS

A total of 3,726 unique unplanned admissions were identified. The most common symptoms at admission were pain (40.6%), nausea (16.8%), and dyspnea (16.1%). PD (34.0%), infection (31.1%), and cancer pain (13.4%) were the most frequent reasons for admission. The in-hospital mortality rate was 18.9%. Patients with PD had a high in-hospital mortality rate across all tumor groups and higher odds of in-hospital death (odds ratio, 3.5 [95% CI, 3.0 to 4.2]). The 7-, 30-, and 90-day readmission rates were 11.9%, 33.5%, and 54%, respectively. The postdischarge median OS (mOS) was 12.6 months (95% CI, 11.6 to 13.7). Poorer postdischarge survival was observed among patients with PD (mOS, 5 months v 18 months; P < .001; hazard ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 2.1 to 2.6]).

CONCLUSION

PD is a common diagnosis during unplanned hospitalizations and is associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates and poorer OS after discharge. Oncologists should be aware of the prognostic implications of PD during admission and align goals of care with their patients.
Neoadjuvant pyrotinib and trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer with no early response (NeoPaTHer): Primary analysis of a prospective, multicenter, response-adapted study.
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Yongjiu , Xiong Bin , Yang Zhenlin , Wang Jingfen , Yao Yumin , Yu Lixiang , Fu Qinye , Li Liang , Zhang Qiang , Zheng Chao , Huang Shuya , Liu Liyuan , Liu Chun , Sun Huaibo , Mao Beibei , Yu Zhigang
Published: July 2024

603

Background: The contribution of biological characteristics and treatment patterns to the survival difference between male and female breast cancer patients is understudied, which is controversial but fundamental in determining strategies for cancer treatment and survivorship care. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of additional pyrotinib in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who had no early response to neoadjuvant trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, response-adapted study including patients diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer from 2020 to 2022 were conducted. A total of 129 female patients from 5 hospitals participated in this neoadjuvant setting study. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response ( pCR), defined as the absence of invasive cancer in both the breast and axilla as determined by a local pathologist after surgery (ypT0ypN0). Results: Among 129 enrolled participants, 62 (48.1%) were identified as MRI-responders (Cohort A), 26 non-responders received 4 more cycles of TCbH (Cohort B), while 41 received additional pyrotinib (Cohort C). The pCR rates were 30.6% (95%CI: 20.6%-43.0%) in Cohort A, 15.4% (95%CI: 6.2%-33.5%) in Cohort B and 29.3% (95%CI: 17.6%-44.5%) in Cohort C. Similar difference patterns of breast pCR rates across 3 cohorts were observed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that, in comparison to those in Cohort A, patients in Cohort C had comparable probability of pCR (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.40 to 2.67). The most common adverse events among patients who received pyrotinib were diarrhoea, anaemia, and erythropenia, and no cardiovascular event was observed. Participants with low TMB and no RTK-RAS mutation had a quite low pCR rate of 4%. Conclusions: The addition of pyrotinib to trastuzumab increases the pCR rates among patients who had no early response to neoadjuvant trastuzumab. Further studies are warranted to identify biomarkers predicting those who may benefit from pyrotinib in addition to trastuzumab. Clinical trial information: NCT03847818 .
Phase 1 study of multiple intracerebral doses of a neural stem cell-based oncolytic virotherapy for treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas.
Authors: Portnow Jana , Badie Behnam , Blanchard Suzette , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Nath Aritro , Synold Timothy W. , Barthel Floris , Mooney Rachael , Ngai Gary , Minev Boris , Santidrian Antonio F. , Aboody Karen S.
Published: July 2024

TPS2102

Background: Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising cancer treatment that can directly lyse tumor cells as well as induce anti-tumor immune responses. However, clinical efficacy has been limited by rapid immune-mediated clearance of oncolytic viruses (OVs). Neural stem cell (NSC) carriers are tumor tropic and can protect OVs, allowing time for viral amplification and better distribution throughout tumors. HB1.F3.CD.21 is an immortalized, clonal human NSC line with demonstrated stability, scalability, and safety in humans (NCT01172964, NCT02015819). This NSC line was genetically modified to produce a tumor-selective, conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAd; NSC-CRAd-S-pk7). A first-in-human clinical trial (NCT03072134) in newly diagnosed high grade glioma patients showed safety of a single intracerebral dose of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 and determined the maximum feasible dose (MFD). Here we describe the next early phase clinical trial for development of this new NSC-based oncolytic virotherapy. Methods: This phase 1 study is evaluating the safety and feasibility of intracerebrally administering up to 4 weekly doses of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 in patients with recurrent high grade gliomas. Study participants initially undergo resection of tumor followed by manual injection of the first dose of study agent into the wall of the resection cavity. Two Rickham catheters are also placed: one in the surgical cavity for subsequent administration of weekly doses of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7 and the other in the lateral ventricle to obtain serial CSF samples for correlative immunologic and safety studies. Two weeks after receiving the last dose of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7, participants undergo a second surgical procedure to remove the Rickham catheters and obtain post-treatment tissue samples. All participants are treated with the same dose of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7: 150 x 106 NSCs/1.875 x 1011 viral particles, which is the MFD that was determined in the first-in-human study. A multi-cycle toxicity equivalence range design is used to define the escalation and de-escalation rules for evaluating the four treatment schedules. Once the maximum tolerated number of weekly cycles is determined, an expansion cohort will be assessed. The study’s secondary objectives include assessing the biologic activity, biodistribution, immunogenicity, safety, and preliminary clinical efficacy of NSC-CRAd-S-pk7. The estimated study sample size is 24-30 participants. Progress: The first patient began study treatment in May 2023. We are currently enrolling participants to Treatment Schedule 4. Multi-center sites for enrolling patients to the expansion cohort include City of Hope, Stanford University, Wake Forest University, and Northwestern University. Clinical trial information: NCT05139056 .
EGFR V834L and L858R Comutation Is Associated With Response to Osimertinib in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Giustini Nicholas P. , Pritchard Colin C. , Kamat Nikhil V. , Menon Manoj P.
Published: July 2024

Up-front osimertinib leads to clinical benefit in EGFR V834L and L858R comutated NSCLC.
Clinical Response to Olaparib in a Patient With Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer With Germline BRCA2 Mutation
Authors: Shah Manali , Green Jeremy , Hudacko Rachel , Cohen Alice J.
Published: July 2024

Case of LMC in a BRCA2-mutated breast cancer patient shows clinical improvement with Olaparib therapy
Proposing an Effective Waqf Model for Ensuring Poverty Reduction among Refugees in Malaysia
Authors: Salaudeen Adnan Opeyemi
Published: July 2024

Background COVID-19 has heavily impacted the financial and economic well-being of the world’s population. Various national relief programs and initiatives have been carried out to address society’s financial difficulties, especially the issue of poverty among the vulnerable, like refugees and immigrants. Consequently, being one of the main elements in Islamic social finance, waqf has been emphasised and proven throughout Islamic history as one of the practical tools for poverty reduction. However, recent waqf initiatives towards poverty reduction focused more on aiding the micro and small entrepreneurs, whilst limited waqf initiatives were available to help low-income households, refugees, and immigrants during this critical time in Malaysia. Methods This study introduces a novel waqf model, specifically designed to contribute to poverty reduction in society. It is tailored for low-income households, refugees, and immigrants, aiming to sustain their financial independence. By combining the elements of waqf and crowdfunding, this model proposes an innovative agriculture-based microfinance programme. It utilizes undeveloped waqf lands and equity-based crowdfunding to reach its objective of poverty reduction. This study has adopted a secondary research approach using the existing scholarly literature. Results This paper also discusses the potential of the proposed model to deliver more than its primary objective, as the framework illustrates that waqf institutions will have a continuous inflow of funds that will allow them to initiate other waqf-based projects, job creation through the microfinance programmes, and financial return for the investor of equity-based crowdfunding projects. Conclusion This study not only underscores the sustainability of the proposed model, but also its alignment with the increasing awareness of value-based and social impact objectives. It further explores the potential of waqf to be integrated with other financing instruments during the pandemic to help the vulnerable, specifically refugees and immigrants. This research thus contributes to the true purpose of Islamic social finance, highlighting the significance of its findings.
A mixed methods, longitudinal study: characterizing the differences in engagement and perceived learning of medical students in online and in-person team-based learning classes
Authors: Lee Irene Cheng Jie , Wong Peiyan
Published: July 2024

Background The rapid transition from in-person to online delivery of medical curriculum has facilitated the continuation of medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whilst active learning approaches, including Team-Based Learning (TBL), are generally more supportive of the learner’s needs during such transition, it remains elusive how different learning environments affect a learner’s motivation, engagement, and perceived learning over a prolonged period. We leveraged on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and key learners’ characteristics to explore the levels of student’s engagement and perceived learning in two TBL learning environments, online and in-person, over an extended period. We hypothesize that students’ self-reported perceptions of engagement and learning will be lower in online compared to in-person TBL classes. Methods This is a mixed methods study with 49 preclinical graduate medical students completing the same questionnaire twice for each learning environment, online TBL and in-person TBL, over an eight-month period. Quantitative data were collected on learners’ characteristics, basic psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, student’s engagement and perceived learning. Additionally, the final questionnaire also explored the participants’ perception on which learning environment better supported their learning. Results We found that autonomy support, perceived competence and needs satisfaction, and perceived learning were higher in-person than online. Additionally, most learners felt that in-person TBL was better for learning, as the concepts of learning space and the community of practice were mediated by being in-person. Conclusions TBL, being an active instructional method, can maintain students’ engagement because it supports many aspects of SDT constructs and perceived learning. However, online TBL is unable to fully support the students’ needs and perceived learning. Hence, we strongly advocate for any in-person opportunities to be included in a course, as in-person classes best support students’ engagement and perceived learning.
Test-Retest Reliability of a Physical Activity Behavior, Health and Wellbeing Questionnaire in Adolescents
Authors: Rocliffe Padraic , Sherwin Ian , Mannix-McNamara Patricia , MacDonncha Ciaran , T. O' Keeffe Brendan
Published: July 2024

Background The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of the physical activity behavior, health and wellbeing questionnaire, in adolescent populations, administered by teachers in school settings, in the Republic of Ireland. Methods A cross-sectional, mixed sample of 55 participants (45.5% males: Age, 13.94 (±.40) years) were included. The participants completed the questionnaire on two occasions (T1 and T2), on the same day and time, one week apart following identical procedures. Variables for testing included physical activity behavior (n=13), health (n=11) and wellbeing (n=2). Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire’s covariates, including family affluence and physical impairments were also examined. Results Systematic error (Bland-Altman plots) was found to be near to zero for each of the physical activity behavior, health and wellbeing variables. The combined mean coefficient of variation was lower for females (10.19%) in comparison to males (13.01%). The combined mean intraclass correlation coefficients were higher for females (0.901) than males (0.822). Similarly, the combined mean Cronbach alpha coefficient were higher for girls (0.908) than boys (0.821). Conclusions This study found the physical activity behavior, health and wellbeing questionnaire to be reliable for use in adolescent populations.
Comparison of cloud storage in terms of privacy and personal data - Sync, pCloud, IceDrive and Egnyte
Authors: Mollakuqe Elissa , Hamdiu Ersan , Fishekqiu Nida Santuri , Jakupi Samir , Qarkaxhija Jusuf
Published: July 2024

The cloud, essentially a network of interconnected computers, has revolutionized data storage and sharing. Cloud storage, an integral part of this ecosystem, offers a virtual storage space spanning numerous physical devices. This technology relies on internet-based platforms hosted in data centers provided by service giants like Apple iCloud, Microsoft OneDrive, and Google Cloud Storage. While cloud storage enhances accessibility and convenience, it also introduces heightened risks, primarily due to the transfer of essential services to third-party providers. These risks encompass challenges related to security, privacy, data support, service availability, and regulatory compliance. Cloud storage, characterized by remote data transmission and storage on networked servers, offers a paradigm shift in data management. Users access these remote storage systems via the internet, paying providers based on usage rates. In this paper, we evaluate the security features of four Cloud Storage providers: Sync, pCloud, IceDrive, and Egnyte, with a specific focus on privacy and personal data protection. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of privacy and security aspects in four prominent Cloud Storage services: Sync, pCloud, IceDrive, and Egnyte. The primary objective is to underscore the significance of privacy in the realm of Cloud Storage. Employing methods such as analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, and empirical meta-analysis, this research delves into the core characteristics of these platforms, focusing on security, compliance, governance, and data protection.
Science development study for the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST): Solar and stellar observations
Authors: Wedemeyer Sven , Barta Miroslav , Brajša Roman , Chai Yi , Costa Joaquim , Gary Dale , Gimenez de Castro Guillermo , Gunar Stanislav , Fleishman Gregory , Hales Antonio , Hudson Hugh , Kirkaune Mats , Mohan Atul , Motorina Galina , Pellizzoni Alberto , Saberi Maryam , Selhorst Caius L. , Simoes Paulo J. A. , Shimojo Masumi , Skokić Ivica , Sudar Davor , Menezes Fabian , White Stephen M. , Booth Mark , Klaassen Pamela , Cicone Claudia , Mroczkowski Tony , Cordiner Martin A. , Di Mascolo Luca , Johnstone Doug , van Kampen Eelco , Lee Minju , Liu Daizhong , Maccarone Thomas , Orlowski-Scherer John , Saintonge Amelie , Smith Matthew , Thelen Alexander E.
Published: July 2024

Observations at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths offer a complementary perspective on our Sun and other stars, offering significant insights into both the thermal and magnetic composition of their chromospheres. Despite the fundamental progress in (sub-)millimeter observations of the Sun, some important aspects require diagnostic capabilities that are not offered by existing observatories. In particular, simultaneously observations of the radiation continuum across an extended frequency range would facilitate the mapping of different layers and thus ultimately the 3D structure of the solar atmosphere. Mapping large regions on the Sun or even the whole solar disk at a very high temporal cadence would be crucial for systematically detecting and following the temporal evolution of flares, while synoptic observations, i.e., daily maps, over periods of years would provide an unprecedented view of the solar activity cycle in this wavelength regime. As our Sun is a fundamental reference for studying the atmospheres of active main sequence stars, observing the Sun and other stars with the same instrument would unlock the enormous diagnostic potential for understanding stellar activity and its impact on exoplanets. The Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST), a single-dish telescope with 50m aperture proposed to be built in the Atacama desert in Chile, would be able to provide these observational capabilities. Equipped with a large number of detector elements for probing the radiation continuum across a wide frequency range, AtLAST would address a wide range of scientific topics including the thermal structure and heating of the solar chromosphere, flares and prominences, and the solar activity cycle. In this white paper, the key science cases and their technical requirements for AtLAST are discussed.
Utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young people living with HIV and attending selected HIV clinics in selected sub-counties of Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Phiri Nomsa , Mambo Susan , Otieno Odawa Careena
Published: July 2024

Background Young people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa account for the largest proportion of the vulnerable population in the world. Kenya has little evidence to showcase the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young people living with HIV. Nairobi County has one of the highest HIV burdens among adolescents and youth in the country. Consequently, assessing the factors associated with the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young people aged 15–24 years living with HIV motivates this study. Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study design with convergent parallel mixed methods technique was used. Purposive sampling with predetermined criteria was used to select six high-volume public health facilities in six high-burden sub-counties of Nairobi. A total of 253 participants completed the semi-structured questionnaires on utilization and associated factors.12 purposively selected healthcare workers were in key informant sessions on their perception of young people’s utilization. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to analyse the quantitative data using Stata version 14. NVivo software was used to code and thematically analyse the data. Results 47 % of the participants had utilized the services. Collection of condoms (45.7%) was the most utilized while treatment of sexually transmitted infections (8.2%) was the least utilized services. Female sex (AOR: 3.60 95%, Cl: 1.67-6.40), increase in age (AOR: 2.27 95%, Cl: 1.1C-4.65), HIV status disclosure to a sexual partner (AOR: 2.00 95%, Cl: 1.11-3.80) and privacy for sexual and reproductive health services at a health facility (AOR: 3.27 95%Cl: 1.42-7.60) were factors significantly associated with utilization. Conclusions Although this vulnerable population has frequent contact with healthcare providers, utilization of sexual and reproductive services is low. Stakeholders are recommended to put more emphasis on behavioural interventions to promote male involvement and HIV disclosure to sexual partners.
Escalating frustration - A replication attempt and extension of Yu et al. (2014)
Authors: Eben Charlotte , Chen Zhang , London Raquel E. , Verbruggen Frederick
Published: July 2024

Background Failures to obtain a desired reward, such as losing money in gambling, can lead to frustration. In gambling, this frustration has been shown to take the form of faster responses after losses compared with wins and non-gambling trials. In addition, reward omission or blockage can lead to more forceful responses. Yu and colleagues (2014) showed that the proximity to a reward and the effort already expended to acquire the reward increased participants’ response force and their retrospective self-reported frustration when the reward was blocked. Methods In this study, we attempted to replicate the findings of Yu and colleagues (2014) using the same experimental procedure. In each schedule, participants (N = 32) needed to complete an arrow direction task for varying numbers of times to win a reward but could be blocked at any stage. The response time (RT) and force of confirming the outcomes were used as indicators of ‘frustration’. In addition, to obtain a more real-time and objective measure of (negative) emotion, we measured facial electromyographic (EMG) activity over the corrugator supercilii (frowning muscle) and the zygomaticus (smiling muscle). Results Due to technical problems, our data on response force were invalid. In line with the original study, both goal proximity and exerted effort increased participants’ self-reported motivation in the task and frustration after being blocked. An exploratory analysis showed that participants were slower in confirming an outcome when they were blocked closer to the reward, while exerted effort did not influence confirm RT. These RT data were consistent with self-reported surprise ratings, suggesting an orienting response. In the facial EMG data, we observed no difference between wins and losses in activity over the corrugator or the zygomaticus. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that reward blockage does not necessarily lead to behavioral or psychophysiological expressions of negative emotions such as frustration.
Co-creation Processes and Urban Digital Twins in Sustainable and Smart Urban District Development - Case Kera District in Espoo, Finland
Authors: Tartia Jani , Hämäläinen Mervi
Published: July 2024

In the context of climate change mitigation, calls for methods that can facilitate co-creative practices and processes between different stakeholders in the development of sustainable and climate-neutral urban districts have been increasingly expressed in recent years. This has included calls for collaborative, accessible, transparent and open tools that can facilitate urban development processes and engage different stakeholders in the different phases and stages of an urban district development process towards shared targets on sustainability and emission reduction. In this paper, we present and examine two practical tools, 1) a co-creation model for developing positive energy district (PED) solutions, and 2) a digital twin tool for shared data sharing and collaboration, which were developed and utilized recently in two development projects focusing on Kera district, Espoo, Finland. The Kera district is a current brownfield area, which, since the early 2020s, has been undergoing a transformation from a former industrial and mass logistics area into a future mixed-use urban district with significant emphasis on sustainability and circular economy targets. We utilize actor-network theory (ANT) to explore the human and the non-human actors and their interrelations related to the district’s development. Additionally, we seek to understand the networks that emerge within both the co-creation process and the virtual urban digital twin environment and the role these tools have in supporting the formation and facilitation of multi-stakeholder co-creation networks. Finally, we aim to examine the advantages and disadvantages of integrating a regional urban digital twin and the urban co-creation process to enhance sustainability in urban development projects.
Employment of uncrewed systems in attacks on critical infrastructure: a hybrid threat perspective. Security challenges related to recent developments in technology.
Authors: Piekarski Michał , Wolbach Małgorzata , Okuniewska Magda
Published: July 2024

Background The uncrewed systems, known colloquially as drones are nowadays widely used in various roles, including strictly civilian, law enforcement and military. The pace of technological development is high, following modern technologies, like artificial intelligence. Due to the growing threat to critical infrastructure that includes physical attacks, a fundamental question arises: how the development of uncrewed systems transforms the threat to critical infrastructure. Methods Historical analysis of historical cases of uncrewed system development and employment was used to describe evolution of said systems. For assessment of possible threat to critical infrastructure, a scenario – based analysis was conducted. Seven scenarios, divided into three groups were described as typical contemporary scenarios of uncrewed system use. For assessment of influence of new and emerging technologies especially artificial intelligence, three further scenarios were analyzed. Results and Conclusions Scenario – based analysis show that the uncrewed systems has shown that evolution of uncrewed system, especially use of artificial intelligence increases potential threats to critical infrastructure, due to growing capabilities. Therefore, it is recommended that future research work on countering such type of threat is required.
Beyond adaptive practices: physical education for all
Authors: Petrie Kirsten , Kernaghan Kate , Frawley Patsie
Published: July 2024

Legislation and policy internationally are underpinned by the expectation that educators remove barriers to learning, emphasize inclusion, and improve access for all learners. Extensive investment has provided support to assist teachers to adopt inclusive education approaches. And yet, as evidenced in international literature, the lived experiences of many young people in physical education (PE) classes, and particularly those who are identified, or who self-identify, as in need of special support, indicate that PE is anything but inclusive and equitable, and may in many cases result in learning outcomes counter to what is desired. We contend that, while much of the rhetoric of PE speaks to inclusion, institutional systems, the traditional framing of PE as curriculum policy, ‘classroom’ practice’, professional development offerings, and how research publications and or guidelines present PE leads to diagnostically driven and deficit-focused adaptative PE offerings for students in need of support. Moreover, PE as it is often presented curtails opportunities for equitable outcomes and inclusive approaches, and instead has the potential to reinforce and perpetuate ableist agendas. Accordingly, we argue that the adoption of a Universal Design for Learning approach that aims for ‘education for all’ by designing flexible curriculum that is focused on learner-centred, barrier-free education, is a vital step toward a more equitable, engaging, meaningful, and relevant PE experience. The foundational principles using this approach are that difference is valued, celebrated, and accounted for in all aspects of education. Implementing such a change requires that normative assumptions and practices are challenged by re-evaluating definitions of (physical) educational success and considering how teachers/schools can transcend traditional curriculum programmes to better meet the needs of all learners. We conclude with a call for a transformative shift in PE programming and practices to ensure that every student has the opportunity to reap the benefits of PE.
Health technology assessment implementation in WHO South-East Asia Region: a realist review protocol
Authors: Raj Elstin Anbu , Hebbar Pragati , N Srinivas Prashanth , V Rao Neethi , Gudi Nachiket , Brand Angela , Patil Divya Sussana
Published: July 2024

Background A robust Health Technology Assessment (HTA) framework is crucial to address the rising burden of healthcare costs and to inform decision-making to promote high-quality health systems. This research aims to describe the HTA methods and mechanisms for the successful implementation of HTA in the WHO South-East Asia region, and contextualize the synthesized evidence relevant to Indian settings. Methods Realist review involves developing a program theory by conducting a systematic search strategy, screening, study selection, data extraction, and data synthesis. A systematic search for literature will be conducted on PubMed (NCBI), EMBASE (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), and ProQuest Central for identifying the methods used for HTA of health technology interventions. Stakeholder consultations will be conducted to develop a program theory following the Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations (CMOcs) framework. Searches for primary evidence will be conducted iteratively. Data will be extracted and tested against the programme theory. The proposed realist review will be reported as per the Realist and MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards [RAMESES II] guidelines. Conclusions To our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive review conducted to understand the mechanisms of HTA methods in the WHO South-East Asia region. The findings from the realist review will help us understand the mechanisms through which the HTA could work in WHO South-East Asian countries. We will then contextualize the findings obtained from evidence to Indian settings, based on program theory development through stakeholder consultation. A framework will be developed that can be used by policymakers/HTA experts in India for effective implementation of the same.
The genome sequence of Rhynchonycteris naso, Peters, 1867 (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae, Rhynchonycteris)
Authors: Alvarez van Tussenbroek Ine , Knörnschild Mirjam , Nagy Martina , O'Toole Brian P. , Formenti Giulio , Philge Philip , Zhang Ning , Abueg Linelle , Brajuka Nadolina , Jarvis Erich , Volkert Thomas L. , Gray Jonathan L. , Pieri Myrtani , Mai Meike , Teeling Emma C. , Vernes Sonja C. ,   The Bat Biology Foundation,   The Bat1K Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a reference genome assembly from an individual male Rhynchonycteris naso (Chordata; Mammalia; Chiroptera; Emballonuridae). The genome sequence is 2.46 Gb in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Y sex chromosome assembled.
Comparative performance of the InBios SCoV-2 DetectTM IgG ELISA and the in-house KWTRP ELISA in detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies in Kenyan populations
Authors: Kutima Bernadette , Kagucia Eunice Wageci , Mwai Kennedy , Kimani Makobu , Sigilai Antipa , Mugo Daisy , Karanja Henry , Gitonga John N , Karani Angela , Akech Donald , Toroitich Monica , Karia Boniface , Tuju James , Ziraba Abdhalah K. , Bigogo Godfrey , Ochieng Caroline , Onyango Clayton , Lidechi Shirley , Munywoki Patrick K. , Uyoga Sophie , Adetifa Ifedayo M. O. , Oyier Lynette I Ochola , Bejon Philip , Scott J Anthony G , Agweyu Ambrose , Warimwe George M. , Nyagwange James ,   Kenya SARS-CoV-2 Serology Consortium
Published: July 2024

Background The InBios SCoV-2 DetectTM IgG ELISA (InBios) and the in-house KWTRP ELISA (KWTRP) have both been used in the estimation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Kenya. Whereas the latter has been validated extensively using local samples, the former has not. Such validation is important for informing the comparability of data across the sites and populations where seroprevalence has been reported. Methods We compared the assays directly using pre-pandemic serum/plasma collected in 2018 from 454 blood donors and 173 malaria cross-sectional survey participants, designated gold standard negatives. As gold standard SARS-CoV-2 positive samples: we assayed serum/plasma from 159 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients and 166 vaccination-confirmed participants. Results The overall agreement on correctly classified samples was >0.87 for both assays. The overall specificity was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87–0.91) for InBios and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97–0.99) for KWTRP among the gold standard negative samples while the overall sensitivity was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94–0.98) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90– 0.95) for InBios and KWTRP ELISAs respectively, among the gold standard positive samples. Conclusions Overall, both assays showed sufficient sensitivity and specificity to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in different populations in Kenya.
Using the OPUF approach to create a value set for the EQ-HWB-S: An exploratory feasibility study
Authors: Schneider Paul , Ludwig Kristina , Marten Ole , McDool Emily , Peasgood Tessa , Devlin Nancy , Shah Koonal , Brazier John , Greiner Wolfgang , Mukuria Clara
Published: July 2024

Objectives The EQ-HWB-S (EQ Health and Wellbeing Short version) is a new generic measure of health, social care and carer related quality of life, specifically developed to generate utility values. However, its nine dimensions pose a challenge for creating value sets using traditional elicitation techniques, such as time trade-off. A promising alternative method, called Online elicitation of Personal Utility Functions (OPUF) has recently been proposed. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of using OPUF to create a value set for the EQ-HWB-S. Methods We adapted the OPUF tool for the EQ-HWB-S, and piloted it in convenience samples from the UK and Germany. We then conducted an explorative valuation study in both countries in March 2023. We recruited a total of 658 respondents, in four samples: UK (n=328) and German (n=110) general population, and German rheumatic disease (n=110) and diabetes (n=110) patients. Feasibility was assessed based on completion times, data quality, logical consistency, and respondents’ feedback. A demo version of the English OPUF survey is available at: https://valorem.health/eqen-demo Results The OPUF approach was found to be feasible. Most respondents completed the survey in around 15 minutes and found it easy to complete. We derived well-ordered value set coefficients. Pain, mobility, and daily activities were the three most important dimensions in all four samples. The OPUF-derived UK value set differed in several notable ways from a UK value set derived using traditional elicitation methods. Conclusion This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using OPUF to create a value set for the EQ-HWB-S in four relatively small samples including two patient groups. While further validation is needed, our results suggest that OPUF might be a viable alternative or supplement to the traditional valuation techniques for eliciting health state preferences.
The genome sequence of the Beautiful Knot-horn moth, Rhodophaea formosa Haworth, 1811
Authors: Wawman Denise C. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from a male Rhodophaea formosa (Beautiful Knot-horn; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae). The genome sequence is 616.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.44 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,577 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the Banded Burying beetle, Nicrophorus investigator Zetterstedt, 1824
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Broad Gavin R. , Fletcher Chris , Januszczak Inez , Barnes Ian , Whiffin Ashleigh L. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from a female Nicrophorus investigator (Banded Burying beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Silphidae). The genome sequence is 202.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 23.3 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 11,046 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the oak bush-cricket, Meconema thalassinum (De Geer, 1773)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Hotaling Scott ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from one male Meconema thalassinum (the oak bush-cricket; Arthropoda; Insecta; Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae). The genome sequence is 9,039.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.63 kilobases in length.
Gaps in Long COVID treatments research: A scoping review
Authors: Newton Stephanie , Davidson Laura , Norton Alice , Memon Anjum , Sigfrid Louise
Published: July 2024

Background Long COVID affects 6 to 10% of people following SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has been documented worldwide, with over 200 symptoms reported. This scoping review assesses the evidence on Long COVID treatments to identify gaps in the evidence-base to inform research prioritisation. Methods We searched four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane’s Trial register, Epistemonikos) supplemented by a grey literature search up to April 2023. Two reviewers screened articles and extracted data. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results Of 3675 records identified, 26 studies were included. Most were in high-income countries (92%), with two in upper-middle-income countries (8%). None reported inclusion of children, nor pregnant women and only 37.5% included adults over 64 years. Five (20.8%) presented ethnicity data, of these 92.9% of participants were of white ethnicity. Treatments included nutritional supplements (46%), conventional medicines (38%), hyperbaric medicine (8%), COVID-19 vaccination (4%) and complementary, alternative medicine (4%). Conclusion This scoping review highlights that more than four years after the start of the pandemic, research gaps remain for Long COVID treatments. There is a lack of research in low-income countries, despite trials being best placed locally to reflect different population demographics. There is a lack of inclusion of population sub-groups, particularly children, pregnant women and ethnic minority groups. Inclusion of these groups in future research is important given they may be at a higher risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19, and a lack of appropriate treatments for Long COVID may contribute to the widening of health inequalities.