bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prognostic Value and Clinical Utility of the 40-Gene Expression Profile (40-GEP) Test in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Masarwy Razan , Shilo Shahaf , Carmel Neiderman Narin Nard , Kampel Liyona , Horowitz Gilad , Muhanna Nidal , Mansour Jobran
Published: April 2023

Background: The current tumor staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are considered inadequate and insufficient for evaluating the risk of metastasis and for identifying patients at high risk of cSCC. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prognostic significance of a 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP) both independently and integrated with clinicopathologic risk factors and established staging systems (American Joint Committee on Cancer, eighth edition (AJCC8) and Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH)). Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched to identify cohort studies and randomized controlled trials on evaluations of the prediction value of 40-GEP in cSCC patients up to January 2023. The metastatic risk analysis of a given 40-GEP class combined with tumor stage and/or other clinicopathologic risk factors was based upon log hazard ratios (HRs) and their standard error (SE). Heterogeneity and subgroup analyses were performed, and data quality was assessed. Results: A total of 1019 patients from three cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall three-year metastatic-free survival rates were 92.4%, 78.9%, and 45.4% for class 1 (low risk), class 2A (Intermediate risk), and class 2B (high risk) 40-GEP, respectively, indicating a significant variation in survival rates between the risk classification groups. The pooled positive predictive value was significantly higher in class 2B when compared to AJCC8 or BWH. The subgroup analyses demonstrated significant superiority of integrating 40-GEP with clinicopathologic risk factors or AJCC8/BWH, especially for class 2B patients. Conclusions: The integration of 40-GEP with staging systems can improve the identification of cSCC patients at high risk of metastasis, potentially leading to improved care and outcomes, especially in the high-risk class 2B group.
Interaction between Human Papillomavirus-Encoded E6 Protein and AurB Induces Cell Immortalization and Proliferation—A Potential Target of Intervention
Authors: Boon Siaw Shi , Lee Yin Ching , Yip Ka Lai , Luk Ho Yin , Xiao Chuanyun , Yim Man Kin , Chen Zigui , Chan Paul Kay Sheung
Published: April 2023

The human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoproteins interact with a different subset of host proteins, leading to dysregulation of the apoptotic, cell cycle, and signaling pathways. In this study, we identified, for the first time, that Aurora kinase B (AurB) is a bona fide interacting partner of E6. We systematically characterized the AurB-E6 complex formation and its consequences in carcinogenesis using a series of in vitro and cell-based assays. We also assessed the efficacy of Aurora kinase inhibitors in halting HPV-mediated carcinogenesis using in vitro and in vivo models. We showed that AurB activity was elevated in HPV-positive cells, and this correlated positively with the E6 protein level. E6 interacted directly with AurB in the nucleus or mitotic cells. A previously unidentified region of E6, located upstream of C-terminal E6-PBM, was important for AurB-E6 complex formation. AurB-E6 complex led to reduced AurB kinase activity. However, the AurB-E6 complex increased the hTERT protein level and its telomerase activity. On the other hand, AurB inhibition led to the inhibition of telomerase activity, cell proliferation, and tumor formation, even though this may occur in an HPV-independent manner. In summary, this study dissected the molecular mechanism of how E6 recruits AurB to induce cell immortalization and proliferation, leading to the eventual cancer development. Our findings revealed that the treatment of AZD1152 exerted a non-specific anti-tumor effect. Hence, a continuous effort to seek a specific and selective inhibitor that can halt HPV-mediated carcinogenesis should be warranted.
Efficacity of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold and Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy in Preventing Perfusion Defect for Left Sided Breast Cancer (EDIPE): A Prospective Cohort Study Protocol
Authors: Eber Jordan , Blondet Cyrille , Schmitt Martin , Cox David G. , Vit Claire , Le Fèvre Clara , Antoni Delphine , Hubele Fabrice , Noel Georges
Published: April 2023

Breast radiotherapy can lead to radiation-induced cardiac disease, particularly in left breast cancers. Recent studies have shown that subclinical cardiac lesions, such as myocardial perfusion deficits, may occur early after radiotherapy. The primary method for irradiating breast cancer, known as opposite tangential field radiotherapy, can cause the anterior interventricular coronary artery to receive a high dose of radiation during left breast irradiation. To explore alternative approaches that could reduce the risk of myocardial perfusion defects in patients with left breast cancer, we plan to conduct a prospective single-center study using a combination of deep inspiration breath hold radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy. The study will use stress and, if necessary, resting myocardial scintigraphy to assess myocardial perfusion. The trial aims to show that reducing the cardiac dose with these techniques can prevent the appearance of early (3-month) and medium-term (6- and 12-month) perfusion disorders.
The Role of Immunotherapy or Immuno-Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mohamed Shehab , Bertolaccini Luca , Galetta Domenico , Petrella Francesco , Casiraghi Monica , de Marinis Filippo , Spaggiari Lorenzo
Published: April 2023

Many new treatment modalities for non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC) have been described in the last two decades. Surgical resections remain the gold standard for early stages and may be considered for locally advanced tumors. Medical treatment has changed drastically in recent years, especially for advanced stages, for which the development of immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy significantly increased survival and quality of life. The addition of radical surgical resection following immunotherapy or immuno-chemotherapy is feasible and safe with low surgical-related mortality and morbidity in selected patients with initially unresectable NSCLC. However, data from multiple ongoing trials with overall survival as the primary endpoint should be awaited before this strategy is introduced into the standard of care.
Enhancement in the Therapeutic Efficacy of In Vivo BNCT Mediated by GB-10 with Electroporation in a Model of Oral Cancer
Authors: Olaiz Nahuel , Monti Hughes Andrea , Pozzi Emiliano C. C. , Thorp Silvia , Curotto Paula , Trivillin Verónica A. , Ramos Paula S. , Palmieri Mónica A. , Marshall Guillermo , Schwint Amanda E. , Garabalino Marcela A.
Published: April 2023

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) combines preferential tumor uptake of 10B compounds and neutron irradiation. Electroporation induces an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane. We previously demonstrated the optimization of boron biodistribution and microdistribution employing electroporation (EP) and decahydrodecaborate (GB-10) as the boron carrier in a hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if EP could improve tumor control without enhancing the radiotoxicity of BNCT in vivo mediated by GB-10 with EP 10 min after GB-10 administration. Following cancerization, tumor-bearing hamster cheek pouches were treated with GB-10/BNCT or GB-10/BNCT + EP. Irradiations were carried out at the RA-3 Reactor. The tumor response and degree of mucositis in precancerous tissue surrounding tumors were evaluated for one month post-BNCT. The overall tumor response (partial remission (PR) + complete remission (CR)) increased significantly for protocol GB-10/BNCT + EP (92%) vs. GB-10/BNCT (48%). A statistically significant increase in the CR was observed for protocol GB-10/BNCT + EP (46%) vs. GB-10/BNCT (6%). For both protocols, the radiotoxicity (mucositis) was reversible and slight/moderate. Based on these results, we concluded that electroporation improved the therapeutic efficacy of GB-10/BNCT in vivo in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model without increasing the radiotoxicity.
Immune Response to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Cladribine
Authors: Rolfes Leoni , Pfeuffer Steffen , Skuljec Jelena , He Xia , Su Chuanxin , Oezalp Sinem-Hilal , Pawlitzki Marc , Ruck Tobias , Korsen Melanie , Kleinschnitz Konstanze , Aslan Derya , Hagenacker Tim , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Meuth Sven G. , Pul Refik
Published: April 2023

Cladribine has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its administration results in a long-lasting depletion of lymphocytes. As lymphopenia is known to hamper immune responses to vaccination, we evaluated the immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine in patients undergoing cladribine treatment at different stages vs. controls. The antibody response in 90 cladribine-treated MS patients was prospectively compared with 10 control subjects receiving platform immunotherapy (NCT05019248). Serum samples were collected before and six months after vaccination. Response to vaccination was determined by the hemagglutination-inhibition test. Postvaccination seroprotection rates against influenza A were comparable in cladribine-treated patients and controls (H1N1: 94.4% vs. 100%; H3N2: 92.2% vs. 90.0%). Influenza B response was lower in the cladribine cohort (61.1% vs. 80%). The increase in geometric mean titers was lower in the cladribine group vs. controls (H1N1: +98.5 vs. +188.1; H3N2: +225.3 vs. +300.0; influenza B: +40.0 vs. +78.4); however, titers increased in both groups for all strains. Seroprotection was achieved irrespective of vaccination timing and lymphocyte subset counts at the time of vaccination in the cladribine cohort. To conclude, cladribine-treated MS patients can mount an adequate immune response to influenza independently of treatment duration and time interval to the last cladribine administration.
TRP Channels in Oxidative Stress Signalling
Authors: Jiang Lin-Hua , Yao Xiaoqiang , Çiğ Bilal
Published: April 2023

It is well established that the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to excessive generation of ROS and/or impaired antioxidant capacity of cells, can result in oxidative stress and cause oxidative damage to cells and their functions [...]
Diagnosis of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: How to Stay out of Trouble?
Authors: Pavone Vito , Testa Gianluca , Torrisi Paola , McCracken Kathryn Louise , Caldaci Alessia , Vescio Andrea , Sapienza Marco
Published: April 2023

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common hip disorder affecting children and adolescents aged between 9 and 16 years, affecting approximately 10 per 100,000 children per year. The diagnosis of SCFE is often delayed, leading to an increased risk of complications. This study aims to provide the latest evidence concerning the causes of diagnostic delay and risk factors for SCFE and to educate general practitioners and paediatricians to help reduce delays in diagnosis and provide earlier therapeutic intervention. A literature search was conducted in the ScienceDirect and PubMed databases according to the PRISMA statement. Suitable studies for this systematic review included 22 articles discussing the aetiology of SCFE, risk factors, and causes of late diagnosis. Causes of delayed diagnosis include underestimation by patients, initial diagnostic approach by a non-orthopaedic professional, inadequate imaging, failure to recognize morphological changes, and variation in symptomatic presentation. The underlying risk factors for SCFE are likely part of a multifactorial process which involves anatomical variations and the metabolism of leptin, growth hormone, insulin, and other metabolic parameters. This review highlights the importance of early recognition and diagnosis of SCFE and proposes an algorithm for physicians to approach children who may have this condition.
Temperature-Promoted Giant Unilamellar Vesicle (GUV) Aggregation: A Way of Multicellular Formation
Authors: Wang Xinmao , Zhang Yangruizi , Xie Maobin , Wang Zhibiao , Qiao Hai
Published: April 2023

The evolution of unicellular to multicellular life is considered to be an important step in the origin of life, and it is crucial to study the influence of environmental factors on this process through cell models in the laboratory. In this paper, we used giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a cell model to investigate the relationship between environmental temperature changes and the evolution of unicellular to multicellular life. The zeta potential of GUVs and the conformation of the headgroup of phospholipid molecules at different temperatures were examined using phase analysis light scattering (PALS) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), respectively. In addition, the effect of increasing temperature on the aggregation of GUVs was further investigated in ionic solutions, and the possible mechanisms involved were explored. The results showed that increasing temperature reduced the repulsive forces between cells models and promoted their aggregation. This study could effectively contribute to our understanding of the evolution of primitive unicellular to multicellular life.
Effect of Energy Density on the Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Nickel-Based WC Coatings by Laser Cladding of Preset Zr702 Alloy Plates
Authors: Zhang Guangsheng , Feng Aixin , Zhao Pu , Pan Xiaoming , Feng Huibin
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding coatings with different energy densities in the case of a preset 0.5 mm thick Zr702 alloy plate to determine the specific present form of Zr elements and the optimal laser energy density. Thereby, microscopic characterization and performance tests were carried out by the microhardness tester, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tribometer. The results showed that, at different energy densities, the Zr elements in the coating were mainly in the form of ZrC and (Zr,W)C, which are hard particles with high wear resistance, and diffusely distributed in the coating to have second-phase-strengthening effects. Moreover, when the energy density was 28.3 J/mm2, the coating was well fused and had the highest microhardness of 936.4 HV0.2. The wear rate of the coating was the lowest at 90.8 μm3/(m·N). The wear was characterized by hard particle spalling and abrasive wear.
Is There an International Klein Pink?
Authors: Haddad Abed , Rogge Corina E.
Published: April 2023

Yves Klein (1928–1962) is best known for his intensely blue monochromatic works made with International Klein Blue (IKB), a synthetic ultramarine blue pigment bound in a poly(vinyl acetate) binder. However, he also made monochromes in other colors, including red and pink, the pigments of which have never been elucidated. Analysis of one sculpture, three paintings, and one screenprint by micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (µ-FTIR), Raman and surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectroscopies, portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (p-XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), revealed that Klein used, knowingly or unknowingly, a variety of pink and red pigments, including Para Red, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B, eosin Y, and alizarin lakes. The unexpected variety of pigments contrasts with his use of a single blue pigment and suggests he may not have held a singular vision of what constituted an iconic red or pink color.
The Liquidity Effect of the U.S. QE on Sovereign Yield Spreads of Commodity-Exporting Countries
Authors: Yip Pick-Schen , Lau Wee-Yeap , Brooks Robert
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the liquidity effect of the U.S. QE on the sovereign yield spreads of commodity-exporting countries by employing the two-stage least squares approach. The key contributions of the paper are in terms of our empirical findings. First, our results show that the U.S. QE has an economically and statistically significant liquidity effect in terms of both the HPW illiquidity measure and the TIPS liquidity premium. This is of policy importance because adjusting for the liquidity premium is a key stage in modeling inflationary expectations. Second, our results show that the U.S. QE reduced the liquidity premium with improved market liquidity and hence reduce sovereign yield spreads of most commodity-exporting countries. This finding is of macroeconomic importance as reduced sovereign yield spreads have been shown to lead to higher real activity and higher credit activity.
The Role of Preoperative Chemotherapy in the Management of Synchronous Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tepelenis Kostas , Pappas-Gogos Georgios , Ntellas Panagiotis , Tsimogiannis Konstantinos , Dadouli Katerina , Mauri Davide , Glantzounis Georgios K.
Published: April 2023

Background: The indications of preoperative chemotherapy, for initially resectable synchronous colorectal liver metastases, remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of preoperative chemotherapy in such patients. Methods: Six retrospective studies were included in the meta-analysis with 1036 patients. Some 554 patients were allocated to the preoperative group, and 482 others were allocated to the surgery group. Results: Major hepatectomy was more common in the preoperative group than in the surgery group (43.1% vs. 28.8%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the percentage of patients with more than three liver metastases was higher in the preoperative group compared to the surgery group (12.6% vs. 5.4%, p < 0.002). Preoperative chemotherapy showed no statistically significant impact on overall survival. Combined disease free/relapse survival analysis of patients with high disease burden (liver metastases > 3, maximum diameter > 5 cm, clinical risk score ≥ 3) demonstrated that there is a 12% lower risk of recurrence in favor of preoperative chemotherapy. Combined analysis showed a statistically significant (77% higher probability) of postoperative morbidity in patients who received preoperative chemotherapy (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Preoperative chemotherapy should be suggested in patients with high disease burden. The number of cycles of preoperative chemotherapy should be low (3–4) to avoid increased postoperative morbidity. However more prospective studies are needed to clarify the exact role of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with synchronous resectable colorectal liver metastases.
Diversity of DNA Sequences from Pathogenic and Potentially Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microorganisms in Protected Granite Mountain Rocks
Authors: Velasco-González Ismael , Lara Enrique , Singer David , de Cos-Gandoy Amaya , García-Rodríguez Manuel , Murciano Antonio , Pérez-Uz Blanca , Williams Richard , Sanchez-Jimenez Abel , Martín-Cereceda Mercedes
Published: April 2023

Rain-fed mountain granite rock basins are temporary habitats conditioned by a fluctuating environment and the unpredictability of precipitation or flooding rates. These small highland freshwater habitats remain largely unexplored at the microbial level. The aim of this work is to report the presence in these habitats of genetic sequences of microbial eukaryotes that are pathogens and potential pathogens of humans, wildlife, cattle, crops as well as of other microorganisms. We sequenced the hypervariable region v4 of the 18S rDNA gene from environmental DNA of sediments taken from 21 rock basins in a National Park in Spain. More than a fifth (21%) of the eukaryotic Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) found are ascribed to pathogenic (within 11 Phyla) and potential pathogenic (within 1 phylum, the Chytridiomycota) microorganisms. Some OTUs retrieved are of agro-economic and public health importance (e.g., Pythium spp., Lagenidium spp., Candida spp. and Vermamoeba vermiformis). In 86% of the basins, the most abundant OTUs were affiliated to Chytridiomycota, a broad fungal group including saprozoic and parasitic taxa. Two OTUs affiliated to chytrids were significantly correlated with high concentrations of heavy metals. The high proportion of chytrid-like microbial sequences found emphasises the role of these freshwater habitats for adding knowledge regarding the ecological trade-offs of the still rather unknown Chytridiomycota. Our results show that rain-fed rock basins may be model habitats for the study and surveillance of microbial community dynamics and genetics of (mainly opportunistic) microbial pathogens.
A Young Patient Presenting with Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Renal Infarction during Treatment with Isotretinoin: Mere Coincidence or Serious Side Effect of a Drug Commonly Used in Adolescence?
Authors: Pepe Martino , Napoli Gianluigi , Carella Maria Cristina , De Feo Daniele , Tritto Rocco , Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Forleo Cinzia , Ciccone Marco Matteo
Published: April 2023

Isotretinoin or 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA) is one of the most effective and widely used drugs for the treatment of severe acne vulgaris. Despite being deemed safe, no definite consensus has been reached on the cardiovascular risk of RA derivatives. We report a case of heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and concomitant renal infarction occurring after 5 months of isotretinoin use in a previously healthy 18-year-old male. The patient, with a history of acne vulgaris, presented to our emergency department with left iliac fossa pain and effort dyspnea. A trans-thoracic echocardiogram showed DCM and severely reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF: 29%). During hospitalization, a total body computed tomography (CT) showed an ischemic lesion in the left kidney. Ischemic, autoimmune, infective, and heritable causes of DCM were ruled out. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) evidenced LV circumferential mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement. Heart failure therapy was promptly started and up-titrated, but only poor LVEF improvement was detected overtime. Our case aims to raise awareness on rare life-threatening cardiovascular events possibly associated with isotretinoin use. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of renal thromboembolism and severe DCM leading to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation occurring during isotretinoin treatment.
Correction: Sari, M.I.; Ilyas, S. The Expression Levels and Concentrations of PD-1 and PD-L1 Proteins in Septic Patients: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2004
Authors: Sari Mutiara Indah , Ilyas Syafruddin
Published: April 2023

There was an error in the original publication [...]
An Approach to Canonical Correlation Analysis Based on Rényi’s Pseudodistances
Authors: Jaenada María , Miranda Pedro , Pardo Leandro , Zografos Konstantinos
Published: April 2023

Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) infers a pairwise linear relationship between two groups of random variables, X and Y. In this paper, we present a new procedure based on Rényi’s pseudodistances (RP) aiming to detect linear and non-linear relationships between the two groups. RP canonical analysis (RPCCA) finds canonical coefficient vectors, a and b, by maximizing an RP-based measure. This new family includes the Information Canonical Correlation Analysis (ICCA) as a particular case and extends the method for distances inherently robust against outliers. We provide estimating techniques for RPCCA and show the consistency of the proposed estimated canonical vectors. Further, a permutation test for determining the number of significant pairs of canonical variables is described. The robustness properties of the RPCCA are examined theoretically and empirically through a simulation study, concluding that the RPCCA presents a competitive alternative to ICCA with an added advantage in terms of robustness against outliers and data contamination.
An Adaptive Model Filtering Algorithm Based on Grubbs Test in Federated Learning
Authors: Yao Wenbin , Pan Bangli , Hou Yingying , Li Xiaoyong , Xia Yamei
Published: April 2023

Federated learning has been popular for its ability to train centralized models while protecting clients’ data privacy. However, federated learning is highly susceptible to poisoning attacks, which can result in a decrease in model performance or even make it unusable. Most existing defense methods against poisoning attacks cannot achieve a good trade-off between robustness and training efficiency, especially on non-IID data. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive model filtering algorithm based on the Grubbs test in federated learning (FedGaf), which can achieve great trade-offs between robustness and efficiency against poisoning attacks. To achieve a trade-off between system robustness and efficiency, multiple child adaptive model filtering algorithms have been designed. Meanwhile, a dynamic decision mechanism based on global model accuracy is proposed to reduce additional computational costs. Finally, a global model weighted aggregation method is incorporated, which improves the convergence speed of the model. Experimental results on both IID and non-IID data show that FedGaf outperforms other Byzantine-robust aggregation rules in defending against various attack methods.
Householder Transformation-Based Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning
Authors: Zhao Xiaojuan , Li Aiping , Jiang Rong , Chen Kai , Peng Zhichao
Published: April 2023

Knowledge graphs’ reasoning is of great significance for the further development of artificial intelligence and information retrieval, especially for reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs. The rotation-based method has been shown to be effective at modeling entities and relations on a knowledge graph. However, due to the lack of temporal information representation capability, existing approaches can only model partial relational patterns and they cannot handle temporal combination reasoning. In this regard, we propose HTTR: Householder Transformation-based Temporal knowledge graph Reasoning, which focuses on the characteristics of relations that evolve over time. HTTR first fuses the relation and temporal information in the knowledge graph, then uses the Householder transformation to obtain an orthogonal matrix about the fused information, and finally defines the orthogonal matrix as the rotation of the head-entity to the tail-entity and calculates the similarity between the rotated vector and the vector representation of the tail entity. In addition, we compare three methods for fusing relational and temporal information. We allow other fusion methods to replace the current one as long as the dimensionality satisfies the requirements. We show that HTTR is able to outperform state-of-the-art methods in temporal knowledge graph reasoning tasks and has the ability to learn and infer all of the four relational patterns over time: symmetric reasoning, antisymmetric reasoning, inversion reasoning, and temporal combination reasoning.
Grid-Based Low Computation Image Processing Algorithm of Maritime Object Detection for Navigation Aids
Authors: Jeon Ho-Seok , Park Sung-Hyun , Im Tae-Ho
Published: April 2023

Several cameras are mounted on navigation aid buoys and these cameras can be used for accident prevention systems by processing the images captured. The currently existing image processing algorithms were originally designed for accident prevention on land—for example, CCTV (closed-circuit television)—which are performance oriented. However, when it comes to ocean-based images, navigation aids are usually located at sea and the cameras must be battery operated, and consequently, the energy efficiency of image processing is a major concern. Therefore, this paper proposed a novel approach to the detection of images in an ocean environment with a significantly lower computation. The new algorithm clustered pixels to grids and dealt with grids using greyscale rather than the particular color values of each pixel. Simulation-based experiments demonstrated that the grid-based algorithm provided five-times faster image processing in order to detect an object and achieved an up to 2.5 higher detection rate when compared with existing algorithms using ocean images.
PMU-Based Dynamic Model Calibration of Type 4 Wind Turbine Generators
Authors: Erden Fatih , Acilan Etki , Ustundag Oguzhan , Bozkurt Ersan , Gol Murat
Published: April 2023

In today’s power system where the share of renewables is rapidly increasing, the system now exhibits a more dynamic behavior compared to the past. Therefore, the importance of dynamic simulations at every level of the power system is crucial for the system operators. However, calibration of model parameters and their regular controlling are required to simulate the real-life behavior of the system correctly. This paper aims to improve the dynamic simulations by calibrating the parameters of the Type 4 wind turbine generator model. The employed method uses an ensemble Kalman filter to estimate the model states and calibrate parameters. For the simulation environment, SIEMENS PSS®E software (v35.5) and its PythonTM API are utilized. After the sensitivity and collinearity analyses, during the transient event, the erroneous model parameters are calibrated.
A Theoretical Framework for a Local Energy Innovation System Based on the Renewable Energy Case of Poland
Authors: Zarębski Patrycjusz , Katarzyński Dominik
Published: April 2023

The aim of this research is to create a theoretical framework for a local energy innovation system based on renewable energy sources. For this purpose, four types of clusters were outlined based on energy-generation capacity and socio-economic factors such as “local wealth”, “relational capital”, “scientific and research capital” and “energy demand”. This classification revealed areas of Poland that have diverse features in terms of energy-generation capacity and innovation abilities. For each type of area, energy potentials combined with innovation abilities were established. To understand how areas with insufficient energy and innovation capacities could be supported in their development of local energy sovereignty, the concept of the regional innovation system has been adjusted. The results of the research can serve as an aid in the development of national and regional energy policies focused on the specificity and capacity of energy generation and innovation of each area.
Integrating Internet-of-Things-Based Houses into Demand Response Programs in Smart Grid
Authors: Alharbi Walied
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a novel framework that mathematically and optimally quantifies demand response (DR) provisions, considering the power availability of Internet of Things (IoT)-based house load management for the provision of flexibility in the smart grid. The proposed framework first models house loads using IoT windows and occupant behavior, and then integrates IoT-based house loads into DR programs based on a novel mathematical optimization model to provide the optimal power flexibility considering the penetration of IoT-based houses in distribution systems. Numerical results that consider a 33-bus distribution system are reported and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of flexibility provisions, from integrating IoT-based houses into DR programs, on peak load reduction and system capacity enhancement.
A Systematic Review of European Electricity Market Design Options
Authors: Honkapuro Samuli , Jaanto Jasmin , Annala Salla
Published: April 2023

The European electricity market model continues to evolve in the face of new challenges. This systematic literature review aims to assess the status of research and discussion on the current model and its market mechanisms. In addition, it aims to ascertain the kinds of modelling tools that have been used to model market mechanisms or formulate proposals for changes to current practice. The results show that the challenges of individual market mechanisms have been identified quite extensively in the research sample. However, the number of papers identified for inclusion in the systematic literature review was quite small, from which it can be concluded that there are surprisingly few publications focusing on this particular topic. Nevertheless, the trend indicates a probable increase in research in the subject area in the future. The general standpoint among researchers seems to be that the goals set by the EU are, as it were, a law of nature that cannot be deviated from. Consequently, new radical change proposals or comprehensive reforms were not encountered in the study. In addition, it was found that optimization was the most commonly used modelling method in the papers included in the literature review.
Developing Integrated Strategies to Address Emerging Weed Management Challenges in Christmas Tree Production
Authors: Gallina Greta , Cregg Bert , Patterson Eric , Saha Debalina
Published: April 2023

Weed control is an important aspect during the first few years of Christmas tree establishment, as weed competition directly relates to the rate of Christmas tree growth during this time. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the weed control efficacy of organic mulch and herbicide combinations and to determine their phytotoxic effects on four different species of Christmas trees during the establishment stage: Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir), blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Twelve weed control treatments were established in a complete randomized block design with four replications in each of five fields. Weed control treatments included cypress bark organic mulch and herbicides applied alone and in combinations as well as an untreated control. Herbicides included clopyralid, oxyfluorfen, and glyphosate. All herbicides were applied at their highest labeled rate. Data collection included visual estimations of weed control and phytotoxicity to trees at 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment (DAT). Tree growth and foliar nitrogen concentration were also measured. Mulch combined with herbicide provided 60%–100% weed control in all cases; at two farms, mulch provided a significant increase in weed control when compared to the same treatments without mulch. Combinations of mulch + clopyralid + glyphosate and clopyralid + oxyfluorfen + glyphosate resulted in the highest phytotoxicity ratings. Tree growth was decreased due to some treatments at Gobles farm, and foliar N did not differ among any of the treatments.
Screening of a Novel Fibrinolytic Enzyme-Producing Streptomyces from a Hyper-Arid Area and Optimization of Its Fibrinolytic Enzyme Production
Authors: He Zixuan , Sun Yang , Chu Min , Zhu Jing , Zhang Yu , Tang Qiyong , Osman Ghenijan , Jiang Ling , Zhang Zhidong
Published: April 2023

Fibrinolytic enzymes are a kind of proteolytic enzymes that can hydrolyze fibrin and dissolve blood clots. They could be used as a therapeutic agent for treating thrombosis. It is important for the treatment of cardiovascular disease to find and develop new thrombolytic drugs. In order to explore new fibrinolytic enzymes, a strain named 214L-11 with protease and fibrinolytic enzyme activity, which was isolated from the Flaming Mountain of Xinjiang Province, was screened using the skimmed milk plate, the blood powder agarose plate and the fibrin plate methods. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain 214L-11 shared the highest similarity with Streptomyces fumanus NBRC 13042T (98.88%), which indicated that it represented a potential novel species in the Streptomyces genus. The fibrinolytic enzyme produced by 214L-11 displayed thrombolytic and anticoagulant activities, and it could degrade a single specific protein in the thrombus, thereby destroying the thrombus structure. The fermentation medium optimized through response surface methodology was 15 g/L soluble starch, g/L KNO3 0.58, 0.43 g/L peptone, 0.01 g/L FeSO4·7H2O, 0.5 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 0.2 g/L Mn2+, 0.5 g/L NaCl and 1 L distilled water, pH 8, and the maximum amount of fibrinolytic enzyme produced by strain 214L-11 in the optimal fermentation medium was 1255.3 FU/mL. Overall, the fibrinolytic enzyme-producing strain was screened from the Flaming Mountain of Xinjiang for the first time, which provided a basis for further research and the development of new efficient and safe hemolytic drugs.
Quantitative Analysis of Ovarian Dynamics of European Sardine Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) during Its Spawning Period
Authors: Servou Eleni , Schismenou Eudoxia , Somarakis Stylianos
Published: April 2023

Fish with indeterminate fecundity spawn multiple times throughout a protracted reproductive period. During that period several ovulation events succeed one another, and different oocyte developmental stages co-occur in the ovaries with new oocytes consistently recruiting from one growth phase to the next to form the sequential batches. In this study, we examined in detail the oocyte recruitment and development pattern of the sequential batches in a commercially important fish with indeterminate fecundity, the European sardine. The numbers and sizes of oocytes at different developmental stages were estimated for four phases of the ovulatory cycle (ovarian stages) and during the main spawning season (November–March) by applying the oocyte packing density theory in combination with stereological techniques. General linear models (GLMs) were used to test for changes in oocyte sizes as well as relative oocyte numbers per developmental stage within the different ovarian stages in the successive spawning months. A temporal association between several transition events of the oocyte development process was revealed. Specifically, the final maturation of the advanced batch triggered (a) the recruitment of oocytes from primary to secondary growth phase, (b) de novo vitellogenesis and (c) a surge of yolk deposition in primary vitellogenic oocytes. Oocyte recruitment was completed two days after the ovulation of the advanced batch and relative numbers of primary and secondary growth oocytes were thereafter stable until the next final maturation event. This pattern of oocyte recruitment and growth remained unchanged during the course of the spawning season. This study advances our knowledge on oocyte recruitment and development in fish with indeterminate fecundity, which is key to understanding reproduction and its drivers at the individual and population level.
Seasonal Length–Weight Relationships of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Two Aquaculture Production Systems
Authors: Orduna Carlos , de Meo Ilaria , Rodríguez-Ruiz Amadora , Cid-Quintero Juan Ramón , Encina Lourdes
Published: April 2023

Different non-intrusive methods have been developed to estimate fish biomass, which is a determinant factor for aquaculture farming management. Length–weight conversion is a crucial parameter for accurate biomass estimation. However, the potential environmental and seasonal variations in fish length–weight relationships are rarely considered. In this study, we examined seasonal variation in length–weight relationships for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from two farming systems subject to different salinity and temperature conditions: inland ponds and offshore cages. The results showed significant differences in intercept and slope between the two types of facilities studied, as well as between the same seasons for both facilities. This highlights the need to use specific length–weight equations to obtain accurate biomass estimation based on fish length data.
Piscine Orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) Has Been Present in Chilean Salmon Aquaculture since at Least 1994
Authors: Rozas-Serri Marco , Ildefonso Ricardo , Jaramillo Victoria , Peñaloza Estefanía , Leiva Camila , Barrientos Soraya , Coñuecar Darling , Maldonado Lucerina , Muñoz Ariel , Peña Andrea , Aranis Felipe , Senn Carolina
Published: April 2023

Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) caused by Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) was first described in farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile in 2011. However, as PRV induces long-lasting infections, it is not known when Chilean farmed salmon may have started to show PRV positivity. This study aimed to evaluate the presence/absence of PRV-1 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded Atlantic salmon heart tissues (FFPE) cultured in Chile during 1992 and 1999. The most frequent histopathological findings in the 42 FFPE blocks were mild focal cardiomyocyte degeneration (57.1%) and a mild focal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (21.4%) in the ventricular stratum spongiosum of the heart. One of the 42 heart samples analyzed by RT-qPCR was positive for PRV-1 (2.4%). All samples were negative for other viral and bacterial pathogens that can induce similar histological changes in the heart. Taken together, our results show that PRV-1 has been present in Chile—as a low-virulence genogroup—since at least 1994, 17 years before the first HSMI outbreak in 2011. Finally, archaeovirology can be a valid alternative to contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology of diseases in aquaculture.
Effects of Age Group, Gender, and Consumption Frequency on Texture Perception and Liking of Cooked Rice or Bread
Authors: Choi Won-Seok , Seo Han-Seok
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to determine whether and how three demographic factors—age group, gender, and consumption frequency—affect texture perception and liking of two staple foods—cooked rice and wheat bread. In total, 346 adults evaluated three cooked rice and four wheat bread samples in terms of three (hardness, stickiness, and chewiness) and four textural attributes (hardness, moistness, chewiness, and softness), respectively, on both 9-point intensity and 5-point Just-About-Right (JAR) scales. Liking of test samples was also rated on 9-point hedonic scales. Age group and gender differed in mean ratings, standard deviations, and JAR responses regarding textural attribute intensity and overall liking of test samples, while the effect of consumption frequency was minimal in this regard. Significant contributors of textural attributes to overall liking of cooked rice and wheat bread differed with age group, gender, and consumption frequency. Effects of age group, gender, and consumption frequency on texture perception and overall liking also varied with test samples. This study provides agricultural and food systems professionals with systematic evidence of how textural attribute perception and liking of foods can change based on demographics and test samples.
Tourists’ Fascination with Urban Food Markets: The Successful Case of Time Out Market Lisbon
Authors: Madeira Arlindo , Rodrigues Rosa , Palrão Teresa , Mendes Alexandra Sofia
Published: April 2023

This research was designed to analyze tourists’ perception of food markets in an urban context, specifically in the case of Time Out Market Lisbon. The sample included participants who visited and experienced the market food court. The data were collected using a questionnaire assessing the respondents’ perceptions of the location, food quality, food neophilia, market engagement, and the cultural attractiveness of the locale. The purpose was also to analyze how these factors contribute to visitor satisfaction and their intention to revisit the local area. The findings showed that food neophilia was the characteristic of Time Out Market Lisbon that had the highest impact on visitors’ satisfaction which, accordingly, positively influenced their intention to revisit the market. Visitors’ perception of the place as a cultural attraction was also found to moderate the relationship between visitors’ satisfaction and intention to revisit Time Out Market Lisbon. The findings provide an important contribution to the scientific community regarding the important role of modern food markets in urban city regeneration and more specifically as a tourist attraction. This research has significant management implications regarding the emotions of tourists’ food experience and can be used for stakeholders engaged in the tourism development process.
Combined Rehabilitation Protocol in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Comparative Study of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Soft Elastic Knee Brace Effect
Authors: Paolucci Teresa , Porto Daniele , Pellegrino Raffaello , Sina Ornela , Fero Andi , D’Astolfo Sara , Franceschelli Sara , Patruno Antonia , Fusco Augusto , Pesce Mirko
Published: April 2023

The investigation of this observational case–control study aimed at determining the effectiveness of a combined treatment of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF) with a soft elastic knee brace versus ELF alone in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with respect to a reduction in pain and functional recovery. We hypothesized that the combined use of ELF and a soft elastic knee brace may provide better results. Thirty-five patients (N = 35, divided into Group 1 = ELF and Group 2 = ELF with the soft elastic knee brace) were analyzed. The rehabilitative protocol consisted of 10 sessions of antiphlogistic and antiedema programs (first cycle) for 2 weeks, followed by twelve sessions of bone repair and connective tissue repair programs (second cycle) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) for 4 weeks. Patient evaluations were conducted at baseline (T0) and after 2 (T1) and 4 (T2) weeks of treatment. A follow-up evaluation was conducted 6 weeks after treatment (T3). The LIMFA© Therapy System was used to create multifrequency magnetoelectric fields with an intensity of 100 µT and a low-frequency field. The Incrediwear Cred 40 knee sleeve (Incred) was used for alleviating knee pain. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the Lysholm score (Ls) were used as outcome measures. The results showed that pain at rest (Vr), pain in motion (Vm), KOOS, and Ls were significantly affected by ELF over time. In conclusion, Group 2 had a better response in terms of pain resolution at rest (p < 0.05) and a concurrent better response at T3 in terms of functional recovery (p < 0.05).
Sensitivity of the Penman–Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration Equation to Meteorological Variables for Puerto Rico
Authors: Irizarry-Ortiz Michelle , Harmsen Eric W.
Published: April 2023

Spatiotemporal variations in reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are sensitive to the meteorological data used in its estimation. The sensitivity of the ASCE standardized ETo equation to meteorological variables from GOES-PRWEB dataset was evaluated for the island of Puerto Rico. Island wide, ETo is most sensitive to daily mean relative humidity (RHmean), followed by solar radiation, daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperatures, and wind speed with average absolute relative sensitivity coefficients (SCs) of 0.98, 0.57, 0.50, 0.27, and 0.12, respectively. The derived SCs guided the prioritization of bias correction of meteorological data for ETo estimation from two downscaled climate models (CNRM and CESM). The SCs were applied to evaluate how meteorological variables contribute to model errors and projected future changes in ETo from 1985–2005 to 2040–2060 at irrigated farms in the south. Both models project a 5.6% average increase in annual ETo due to projected increases in Tmax and Tmin and a decrease in RHmean. Despite ETo being most sensitive to relative changes in RHmean, the contributions from RHmean, Tmax, and Tmin to future changes in ETo are similar. CESM projects increases in ETo in March, November, and December, increasing the potential for crop water stress. Study limitations are discussed.