bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maritime strategy of Pakistan: Development and future prospects
Authors: Makarevich Gleb G.
Published: July 2021

The Indian Ocean accounts half of the world's container shipments, two-thirds of oil product shipments and a third of bulk cargo. Pakistan as a significant regional power laying claims to a higher role in regional trade. But it demands effective naval forces capable of resisting both traditional (possible blockade of Pakistan's seaports if an armed conflict with India takes place) and non-traditional threats (piracy in the Strait of Hormuz).
The article examines the evolution of Pakistan's naval strategy from the moment of gaining independence to the present day. The article provides a brief historical overview of the development of the country's naval strategy, analyzes the place of the Pakistani Navy in the armed forces, their role in the implementation of the China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC), considers Pakistan's initiatives in the field of regional maritime security, as well as the processes of modernizing the fleet. The author believes that the role of the Navy in Pakistan's grand strategy will only increase due to both economic and regional security factors.
The author claims that the role of the maritime strategy and the Pakistani Navy in the country's foreign policy will increase, which is explained by the need to ensure maritime security to implement the key economic project of the CPEC, as well to build a regional security system in the Indian Ocean resistant to all types of threats. The author invokes historical methods to analyze the evolution of Pakistani maritime strategy and hermeneutics to consider the current development of the strategy and its prospects.
India: Digitalization Program as the key to social problems solving
Authors: Kirichenko Irina V.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the place and role of the public institutions and the economy digitalization in the implementation of the Indian innovation policy objectives such as the inclusiveness of innovations and the social problems of the country resolution on this basis. It is shown that digitalization reduces the cost and optimizes social communications, and as a result facilitates the interaction of the country’s citizens with public authorities, access of disadvantaged segments of the population to services that improve their quality of life, and activates their involvement in economic activity that can improve their standards of living.
The article also examines the prerequisites that have been formed to implement large-scale digitalization in India. These are a digital identification system that has no analogues in the world, low cost mobile telephony services, a large number of mobile phone users, and a network of public broadband Internet access centers created by the state that covers the entire country. Thus, India has created a good base to provide access to electronic services for the general population. It is concluded that a broad base of digitalization was created due to the highly developed ICT industry in India. Examples of areas of digitalization include public services, healthcare, financial services, and agriculture. These are the areas where the social aspect of digitalization is most noticeable. And the digitalization of agriculture allows numerous farmers to conduct agricultural production effectively and efficiently, increasing their incomes. Thus, a systematic and integrated approach to digitalization allows the country to make significant progress in solving social problems caused by the poverty of the population, which persists despite rapid economic growth.
ВІРТУАЛЬНА, ДОПОВНЕНА І ЗМІШАНА РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ: СУТНІСТЬ ПОНЯТЬ ТА СПЕЦИФІКА ВІДПОВІДНИХ КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Волинець Вікторія Олексіївна
Published: July 2021

Мета статті — розкрити сутність понять «віртуальна реальність», «доповнена реальність», «змішана реальність»; з’ясувати типологічні відмінності відповідних комп’ютерних систем. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на застосуванні діалектичного методу, що дав змогу розкрити специфіку віртуальної / доповненої / змішаної реальностей крізь призму діалектики взаємодії техніки та людини. Наукова новизна полягає в розмежуванні понять «віртуальна реальність», «доповнена реальність», «змішана реальність» — ключових категорій імерсивних інформаційних технологій, неправомірність вживання яких як синонімів призводить до необґрунтованого використання специфічної лексики. Крім того, у статті розкрито сутність та головні відмінності між комп’ютерними VR-, AR-, XR-системами, що є вкрай важливим у межах української культурології — науки, яка наразі активно займається дослідженням безпрецедентних суспільних змін під впливом новітніх інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій. Висновки. Наявна в науці різноплановість думок вчених і практиків щодо питань типології віртуальної реальності, як і понять «віртуальна реальність», «доповнена реальність», «змішана реальність», пояснюється неправомірним ототожненням технологій віртуальної реальності кінця 1990-х рр. і сучасних розробок у цій сфері; відсутністю чітких критеріїв типології і відповідних методологічних підходів, що ускладнює процес класифікації видів віртуальної реальності; швидкими темпами розвитку VR-технологій, що провокує істотне відставання теорії від практики. Тим часом сфера досліджень віртуальної реальності продовжує невпинно розширюватися, триває інтеграція VR з різними сферами людського життя. VR- і AR-технології набувають популярності у культурних, освітніх, ігрових, бізнес-середовищах тощо. Порушена проблематика лише починає вивчатися в українській культурології, що спонукає до глибшого проникнення у сутність процесів, які відбуваються в культурі під впливом новітніх інформаційно- комунікаційних розробок.
Analyse secondaire des données de l'analyse situationnelle des services de santé de la reproduction
Authors: Kaboré Gisele , Kabore Idrissa
Published: July 2021

En début 2002, l’UNFPA a soutenu un projet intitulé Renforcement des services sanitaires et sociaux pour faire face aux besoins de santé sexuelle et reproductive des adolescentes. Le projet avait pour objectif d’améliorer la connaissance des adolescentes mariées en ce qui concerne la législation et leurs propres droits; les éduquer à prendre soin de leur propre santé et de celle de leurs enfants; et augmenter leur accessibilité aux services de santé reproductive, particulièrement dans les régions les plus pauvres du Burkina Faso. Le projet a affirmé que les normes de fonctionnement ne sont pas remplies en termes d’infrastructures, d’équipement, de matériel et de ressources humaines. Les services disponibles ne sont pas bien connus par les populations, ce qui peut limiter la fréquentation. Il apparaît aussi que les services offerts aux adolescents ne sont pas assez développés car peu de prestataires ont des compétences nécessaires. Quelques recommandations ont été formulées en réponses aux problèmes et aux insuffisances constatées, sur la capacité d’offre et la qualité des services.
Etude qualitative sur le mariage précoce des adolescentes: Leur vécu, leurs besoins en matière d'éducation, de santé de la reproduction et d'opportunités socio-économiques
Authors: Kaboré Gisele
Published: July 2021

La présente étude sur le mariage précoce des adolescentes à été commanditée par l’UNFPA en collaboration avec l’UNICEF et le Ministère de l’Action Sociale dans le cadre du projet « Éliminer le mariage des enfants au Burkina : un plan pour la protection, le renforcement et l’action communautaire ». Elle vise à fournir des informations relatives à la pratique du mariage précoce sur les zones d’intervention du projet, afin de faciliter les interventions visant à améliorer les conditions de vie des adolescentes mariées ou non. Il s’agissait d’analyser le contexte socioculturel du mariage des adolescentes ainsi que leur vécu et leurs besoins en matière de santé, d’éducation et d’opportunités économiques. L’étude a révélé que la majorité des adolescentes mariées vivent dans des conditions de précarité. Cet environnement présente des risques pour leur vie (grossesse précoce, immaturité à assumer pleinement un nouveau statut et des rôles et responsabilités). Ces jeunes femmes affrontent généralement seules cette nouvelle situation, sans être au préalable préparées. Tous ces obstacles entraînent des conséquences sur l’épanouissement de l’adolescente à plusieurs niveaux.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Translation Teaching: A Critical Perspective on the Transformation of Education
Authors: Kanglang Liu
Published: July 2021

The majority of the universities and private institutions have initiated the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine translation (MT) in teaching translation. Translators have been trained by a systematic teaching method with newly designed curriculum with the addition of computer-assisted technology. However, the learner’s face-to-face experience is relating them to advance self-learning of languages through AI machine, which lack the motivational mechanism. This review paper presents the recent advancement in the use of AI and MT in the teaching translations to translators. The aim of the study is to investigate the pedagogical implications of AI for teaching translation studies. The study concludes that there is lack of critical reflection of challenges and jeopardies of AI in translation teaching, there is a weak connection to academic instructive perceptions, and that there is a need for further exploration of principled and enlightening approaches in the application of AI in translation teaching in higher education.
Distinct Genetic Susceptibility Patterns of the Obese and Non-obese South Indian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Reddy B. Mohan
Published: July 2021

The researchers studied association of 92 SNPs of the metabolic and reproductive pathways genes in the obesity related cohorts of obese PCOS cases and non-obese controls, and non-obese PCOS cases and non-obese controls and observed eleven SNPs to be significantly associated (p < 0.05). While eight of those SNPs, five from FTO and one each from MTCH2, DENNDIA and THADA genes, were found to be associated in the first set involving obese PCOS cases, only three SNPs (IRS2-intronic, LOC107984901-intergenic and SUMO1P1-regulatory variants) showed association in the 2nd set involving non-obese cases. The SNPs associated in the two cohorts were distinct and mutually exclusive. However, all the SNPs associated in either obese or non-obese PCOS cohorts were not only risk-prone but also broadly represented a metabolic pathway, involving mostly obesity and T2DM related genes, prompting one to surmise if the recent spurt in PCOS prevalence is not driven by changes in the lifestyles.
Fundraising Management
Authors: Labaronne Leticia , Seger Bruno
Published: July 2021

Dieses Buch richtet sich in erster Linie an Personen, die sich für Fundraising interessieren und einen ersten, umfassenden Überblick gewinnen möchten. Ebenso eignet es sich als Lehrmittel oder ergänzende Lektüre für den Unterricht. Im Unterschied zu anderen Fundraising-Fachbüchern haben wir besonderen Wert auf eine zeitgemässe didaktische Aufarbeitung der Inhalte gelegt. Neben der Darstellung der wichtigsten Fundraising-Methoden und -Instrumente spielen die Vermittlung von Analysemethoden und die Erstellung von integrierten Fundraising-Strategien eine zentrale Rolle. Somit erhalten auch erfahrene Fundraiserinnen und Fundraiser Anregungen für die Bewältigung ihrer strategischen Aufgaben. Die Inhalte dieses Buches beziehen sich vorwiegend auf die Praxis in der Schweiz. Viele grundlegende Inhalte sind jedoch auch für Interessenten aus Deutschland oder Österreich nützlich. Das Konzept und die Inhalte dieses SML Essentials – einer Publikationsreihe der ZHAW School of Management and Law – beruhen auf unseren langjährigen Erfahrungen als Träger und Lehrpersonen des Master- und Diplomlehrgangs in Fundraising Management, der seit 2004 an der ZHAW School of Management and Law angeboten wird. Auch profitieren wir von den vielen Anregungen und kritischen Diskussionen mit unseren Studierenden und Dozierenden sowie mit dem Vorstand von Swissfundraising und weiteren relevanten Akteuren aus dem DACH-Gebiet sowie international. In all den Jahren hat sich gezeigt, dass ein professionelles Fundraising, das der Komplexität des heutigen NPO-Sektors gerecht wird, eine umfassende Ausbildung benötigt, die mehr als die gängigen Methoden und Instrumente vermittelt. Denn die Anforderungen steigen kontinuierlich. Dies hat die Corona-Krise deutlich gezeigt. Fundraising ist eine komplexe Aufgabe, die strategisch-konzeptuelle, operative, kommunikative, finanztechnische sowie zunehmend datenbasierten Aspekte umfasst. Für die vorliegende überarbeitete zweite Auflage wurden, wo möglich und notwendig, statistische Daten aktualisiert sowie Inhalte ergänzt oder neu aufgenommen. Neu ist zudem ein Kapitel zu Kommunikation und Relationship Management sowie zu Entwicklungen und Trends. Dabei war uns ein Forschungsprojekt im Rahmen der Entwicklung des Masterprogramms für Fundraising Management an der ZHAW eine wertvolle Quelle.
Multiplicity of solutions for a nonlocal nonhomogeneous Neumann boundary problem with two critical exponents
Authors: Costa Augusto , Pinheiro Andréia
Published: July 2021

This article concerns the multiplicity of solutions for a class of nonlocal and nonhomogeneous Neumann boundary value problems involving the [Formula: see text]-Laplacian, in which both nonlinear terms assume critical growth. We use variational method, exploring an important truncation argument and properties of the genus.
FA’LIYAH ISTIKHDAMUSH SHURAH FI TA’LIMUL MUFRADAT BI MTSN LANGSA
Authors: Fitriani  , Nasir Mohd
Published: July 2021

Sesungguhnya media memiliki peranan penting dalam proses belajar mengajar guna tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Tapi yang menjadi permasalahannya di dalam proses belajar bahasa arab adalah masalah kurangnya media pembelajaran, kalau di lihat dari segi materi bahasa arab bukanlah sesuatu yang asing dalam dunia pendidikan islam. Hal ini dapat di lihat dari persentase keinginan siswa dan siswi di dalam belajar bahasa arab.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang efektifitas penggunaan media gambar di dalam mengajar mufradat di madrasah Tsanawiyah negeri langsa sekaligus untuk mengetahui kendala apa saja yang di hadapi oleh guru dalam mengajar mufradat.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian uji-t. Populasi dari penelitian ini meliputi para siswa  di kelas 2,4 & 2,6  di MTsN Langsa Tahun Pelajaran 2013-2014. Adapun instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri,  observasi, wawancara, angket, tes dan dokumentasi.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengajaran mufradat di MTsN langsa menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran mufradat berbeda beda antara satu guru dengan guru yang lainnya. Hal ini di sebabkan karena jenjang / tingkat kelas yang berbeda pula, tapi kalau di lihat dari segi metode pengajarannya, semua guru jarang menggunakan media gambar.).
MUSYKILATUL MU’ALIM FII TA’LIM LUGHAH AL ‘ARABIYAH BI MAN 1 LANGSA
Authors: Sulaiman  , Sihotang Burhanuddin
Published: July 2021

MAN 1 Langsa adalah salah satu sekolah yang mempelajari materi Bahasa Arab. Kadang-kadang terdapat beberapa problematika dalam mengajarkannya, umpanya banyaknya siswa yang lulusan SMP yang dimana disana mereka tidak belajar Bahasa Arab dan kurangnya minat siswa dalam mempelajarinya serta lemahnya kemampuan siswa karena tidak menghafal kosakata dan tidak memahami struktur Bahasa. Karena itu peneliti memilih judul problematika guru dalam belajar Bahasa Arab di MAN 1 Langsa. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui problematika guru dalam belajar Bahasa Arab di MAN 1 Langsa dan untuk mengetahui usaha guru dalam menghadapi problematika guru dalam belajar Bahasa Arab di MAN 1 Langsa. Dan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Dan populasi penelitian ini seluruh guru pada tahun ajaran 2019/2020 M dan jumlahnya 3 guru. Dan peneliti menggunakan wawancara untuk mengumpulkan data dan informasi. Dan setelah peneliti menganalisis maka hasil penelitian ini adalah problematika guru dalam belajar Bahasa Arab banyaknya siswa yang tidak menghafal kosakata, dan kurangnya waktu yang tersedia untuk belajar Bahasa Arab bagi siswa lulusan bukan pesantren untuk mempelajari dasar dari Bahasa Arab. Dan usaha yang dilakukan guru untuk mengatasi problem tersebut dengan memberikan kosakata untuk dicari maknanya bersama teman-temannya, dan membagikan kartu yang terdapat kosata dan maknanya untuk dihafal di minggu yang akan datang.
The Correlation of No Footwear Use and Soil Helminth Incidence among Elementary School Children in Musi Rawas, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmi Silvia , Chairil Anwar  , Hamzah Hasyim  , Ramzi Amin  , Ahmad Ghiffari
Published: July 2021

Background: Soil-transmitted helminth infection (STH) is a parasite infection that involves humans being infected with roundworms by route of soil contamination. One billion individuals are infected with worms, including 568 million school-age children. Helminthiasis in elementary school-aged children was not documented in Musi Rawas Regency. This study's goal was to identify if not wearing footwear increases the incidence of parasitic infection.Methods: The research was a cross-sectional survey, followed by statistical analysis. The study involved elementary school-aged students in Tuah Negeri District, Musi Rawas Regency, in 2021 and at least 200 participants. This study sample consisted of 108 with a purposive sampling method. This study utilized questionnaires and stool examinations using the Kato Katz method. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results: Positive helminth infections amounted to 37,1% of the total (n=108). STH was comprised of 17.6% Ascaris lumbricoides, 9.3% Trichuris trichiura, and 25.9% hookworms. The finding of this research demonstrated a substantial (p = 0.000) relationship between the use of footwear and the advent of parasites. The logistic regression analysis results revealed that the most critical variable influencing the incidence of helminthiasis was not wearing any footwear.Conclusions: The study's findings suggest a correlation between footwear use and the risk of worm infection; as a result, it was recommended that children be thoroughly educated on personal hygiene, specifically footwear use, when using the bathroom.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF CHEST X-RAY IN THE DETECTION OF PNEUMOTHORAX IN BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA PATIENTS WITH CT AS THE GOLD STANDARD
Authors: Kynshikhar Danquale Vance , Kaushal Chaman Lal , Tomar Ashwani , Aggarwal Neeti
Published: July 2021

Background: To study the diagnostic accuracy of chest X-ray in the detection of pneumothorax in blunt chest trauma patients with CT as the Gold Standard

Methods: The present study was conducted from 31th July 2018 to 30th July 2019. A total of 36 patients were enrolled in the study.

Results: On Chest X-Ray Supine AP view, pneumothorax was detected in 11 of 24 patients. The sensitivity of Chest X-Ray Supine AP view was 45.83%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 48% and accuracy was 63.89% for the diagnosis of pneumothorax.

Conclusion: A Chest radiograph is the most preferred and relevant primary investigation in the diagnosis of pneumothorax even with the various advanced techniques that are available. X-ray being relatively cheaper and is easily available even at the peripheral centers at the primary health care level.

Keywords: X-ray, CT, Pneumothorax
PATTERN OF MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS IN ISCHEMIC AND NON ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Kaushal Chaman Lal , Kynshikhar Danquale Vance , Jhobta Anupam , Kaushal Dimple
Published: July 2021

Background: The cardiomyopathies are defined as “heterogenous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical or electrical dysfunction that usually (but not invariably) exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation and are due to variety of causes that frequently are genetic.

Methods: The cross sectional hospital based study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis in patients with heart failure with LVEF (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction) of <45% without RWM (Regional Wall Motion) abnormality on echocardiography evaluated in department of cardiology at IGMC, Shimla over a period of one year.

Demographics:

Demographics

Overall Group

Male

Female

Mean Age (year ) ± SD

53.86  ± 16.34

 54.45  ± 19.41

53.94  ± 16.36

Gender (n)

38

17 (44.73%)

21(55.26%)

Results: Myocardial fibrosis was seen in 4 (100%) patients of ischemic cardiomyopathy and 3 (18.75%) patients of non ischemic cardiomyopathy with significant P value of 0.01 and odd ratio of 1.67.  The subendocardial myocardial fibrosis was seen in 3 (75%) patients of ischemic cardiomyopathy while it was not seen in non ischemic cardiomyopathy with significant P value of < 0.01 and odd ratio of 3.59.

Conclusion: Cardiac MRI has important role in dilated cardiomyopathies for distinguishing ischemic and non ischemic types as well as in evaluation of various etiological types.

Keywords: MRI, Myocardial, Cardiomyopathies
A Relevância Do Treinamento De Habilidades Não Técnicas Na Atuação De Pilotos De Avião
Authors: Acosta João Pedro Lima , Costa Nagi Hanna Salm
Published: July 2021

Historicamente, a formação de pilotos de avião foi, de modo predominante, voltada ao treinamento e desenvolvimento de habilidades técnicas, isto é, aquelas ligadas a aspectos como o controle da aeronave, o conhecimento de sistemas e motores e a navegação aérea. Com o advento de aeronaves comerciais cada vez mais automatizadas, os pilotos passaram a desempenhar também uma nova função, a de gerenciadores de sistemas automatizados. Por certo, a automação aumentou a segurança das operações aéreas devido à diminuição de falhas técnicas relacionadas à integridade da aeronave. Contudo, acidentes e incidentes aeronáuticos ainda ocorrem, tendo agora como principal fator contribuinte o aspecto humano e operacional. Logo, identificou-se a necessidade de melhorar o treinamento desses pilotos sob a ótica das habilidades não técnicas. Considerado esse cenário, o presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de elucidar a importância do desenvolvimento de habilidades não técnicas na atuação dos pilotos de avião. Tais habilidades são mais comumente ensinadas por meio de treinamentos como o Crew Resource Management (CRM), o Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT), o Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais (THS), o Multi-Crew Pilot License (MPL) e o Competency-Based Training (EBT), bem como identificadas pelo sistema NOTECHS. O propósito desses treinamentos é ensinar e desenvolver habilidades como comunicação e gerenciamento de recursos de cabine, atitude, julgamento, tomada de decisão, assim como o manejo de respostas emocionais e de fatores estressores. No entanto, tais treinamentos aqui citados ainda são de difícil acesso no mundo, principalmente no Brasil, então, é necessário que as agências reguladoras criem normas que implementem esses treinamentos nas instituições de ensino, para que no futuro tenha-se uma diminuição do fator humano como contribuinte das ocorrências aeronáuticas através de um correto treinamento e atuação dos profissionais.
Развитие категории «градуальность» в английском языке
Authors: Краева Ирина
Published: July 2021

Существуют проблемы, которые находятся в сфере интересов лингвистов на протяжении всей истории развития языкознания. К таким «старым» проблемам, несомненно, можно отнести проблему градуальности.
Энергоемкость тканевых материалов при ударном нагружении
Authors:   Акционерное общество «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения» (АО «ЦНИИмаш»), Королев, Россия, Онучин Е. С. , Фельдштейн В. А. ,   Акционерное общество «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения» (АО «ЦНИИмаш»), Королев, Россия, Товарнова Н. А. ,   Акционерное общество «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения» (АО «ЦНИИмаш»), Королев, Россия, Васильченко Л. Б. ,   Акционерное общество «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения» (АО «ЦНИИмаш»), Королев, Россия, Орлов Д. А. ,   Акционерное общество «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт машиностроения» (АО «ЦНИИмаш»), Королев, Россия
Published: July 2021

Space orbital stations operations support consists an adoption of meaningful measures to protect space station against impacts of space debris and meteoroids. This goal can be reached by using multilayered protection shields that are made with the fabric material layers. Shields designing and modeling requires specific characteristics that define energy absorbed volume by the fabric destruction under impact. The paper describes the methodology and experimental determination method for absorbed energy volume results by using multilayer fabrics of orbital manned stations shielding constructions under distributed impulse loading caused by the space debris impacts. The energy absorbed volume by the multilayer fabrics is obtained from the experiments by analysis of specimen and flat metal projectile impact. Projectile was accelerated by the air gas gun. The obtained experimental determination results of energy absorbed volume in pressure range up to 1,5 GPa are given. Using the model of fabric as a porous material its energy absorption volume dependence in pressure range up to 10 GPa and compared with experimental data. It is shown that for materials with high porosity absorbed energy volume against pressure dependence is close to linear. Corresponding asymptotic dependence for materials with high porosity under the high pressure is obtained.
Sentinelas disfarçadas nas portas das drogas
Authors: Fortin Charles
Published: July 2021

Insidioso aos povos e às frágeis sociedades da América Latina e Caribe (ALC) a produção ilícita de drogas e seu tráfico se constituem em grande ameaça aos Estados Unidos. As deportações dos Estados Unidos exacerbam essa tragédia. Em 1996, o Congresso Americano aprovou uma lei que requer que todos os sentenciados estrangeiros devam ser deportados aos seus países de origem se seus sustentos estiverem envolvidos com o crime organizado. Pela lei, o departamento intitulado Administração da Repressão às Drogas (DEA em inglês) só pode operar nos Estados Unidos e não pode investigar e prender, unilateralmente, traficantes de drogas de alta periculosidade no exterior. Dadas as deficiências de controle na redução da produção de drogas nos países produtores, a Organização dos Estados Americanos (Comissão Interamericana para o Controle do Abuso de Drogas - CICAD) disponibiliza a troca de informações e capacitação para os funcionários no combate às drogas, ALC. Esse artigo busca refletir na eficácia de três dessas iniciativas: controle dos portões de entrada aéreos, interrupção do fluxo de insumos para a produção de drogas e o tráfico via internet.

Palavras-chave: Aplicação da lei contra drogas.Treinamento. Vigilância aos portões de entrada. Produtos químicos precursores. Tráfico de drogas via Internet. Silk Road. Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA).
Sobre o Manifesto Regionalista
Authors: Falcão Joaquim
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo reflete sobre a contemporaneidade brasileira à luz do legado de Gilberto Freyre deixado por seu Manifesto Regionalista. Argumenta-se que a obra de Freyre antecipou diversos fenômenos na vida brasileira como a inclinação ao globalismo, o equilíbrio dos contrários e diversos aspectos da vida privada, além de elementos como o urbanismo, a arquitetura e a culinária. Acerca deste último aspecto, se debruça sobre o impacto de dois pratos eminentemente brasileiros, vindos de Pernambuco: o escondidinho e o arrumadinho.
Em defesa do pluralismo de ideias
Authors: Rodrigues Barreto Cavalcante Juliana , Humberto Cunha Filho Francisco
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho busca fazer uma reflexão acerca da necessidade de garantia da liberdade de cátedra no contexto educacional brasileiro à luz do julgamento da ADPF nº 548 do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A pesquisa é descritiva com relação aos objetivos almejados. Quanto à metodologia, caracteriza-se como bibliográfica e documental, estimulando o alcance de seu resultado a partir da análise da mencionada decisão. A referida ação objetivava evitar e reparar lesões a preceitos fundamentais resultantes de atos do Poder Público dentro de universidades públicas e privadas no contexto das eleições presidenciais do ano de 2018, pautadas por decisões de juízes eleitorais de várias regiões do Brasil. Concluiu-se que o cerceamento do pluralismo de ideias e o controle do pensamento político crítico dentro das universidades pode ocasionar consequências comprometedoras da própria ordem democrática, tendo em vista que a difusão do conhecimento possibilita transformação e impacto positivos nas questões sociais, culturais, econômicas e políticas do país. Nesse sentido, a liberdade de cátedra não pode ser violada e nem usada como instrumento de limitação do direito à educação, em sentido amplo.
O futuro do trabalho pós Covid-19
Authors: Zeetano Chahad José Paulo
Published: July 2021

Desde o final do ano de 2019 a humanidade convive com a pandemia da COVID-19, que faz parecer que estamos próximos do Apocalipse, tamanha é a velocidade de contaminação do vírus, deixando um grande rastro de infectados e de mortos por onde passa. Esta pandemia trouxe consigo profundas consequências no campo econômico, na vida social e cultural, no modo de vida tradicional dos indivíduos e das famílias, na vida profissional, e no relacionamento entre os atores sociais, afetando, principalmente, o mercado de trabalho. Este artigo abordará o futuro do trabalho pós COVID-19. Para tanto se fundamentará na vasta literatura já existente sobre o tema. Inicialmente será apresentada uma visão geral da origem e da natureza das modificações que ocorrerão no mundo do trabalho, devido ao impacto global da pandemia, e da recessão que se seguiu. Três tópicos serão abordados, pois são aqueles que mais tem se destacado sob a ótica do futuro do trabalho: (a) trabalho remoto, home office e teletrabalho; (b) tecnologia, digitalização e automação; e (c) produtividade do trabalho. A constatação geral é que a COVID-19 aumentou o risco, bem como elevou os custos (sociais e econômicos) do contato físico entre os seres humanos. Como consequência acelerou os processos de automação, do trabalho remoto, do uso da inteligência artificial, da digitalização e da robotização, todos culminando por promover uma redução geral na demanda de trabalho (elevando o desemprego), contribuindo, assim, para diminuir o ritmo de crescimento dos salários. O efeito mais perverso seja, talvez, o fato de que o isolamento social tem causado na educação das populações jovens. Isto tem levado à evasão, e ao baixo rendimento escolar, juntamente com a erosão do capital humano provocado pelo aumento do desemprego de longo prazo. Estes tem sido fortes elementos a induzirem ao baixo nível de crescimento da produtividade do trabalho, quando não da sua estagnação. Todos estes impactos somados parecem estar levando a um mundo ainda mais desigual, afetando negativamente o desenvolvimento humano, bem como promovendo um avanço ainda maior dos níveis de pobreza.
Fundamentos da interiorização do ensino superior no Brasil
Authors: Araújo dos Santos Maria Nainam Silvino , Romani de Campos Luis Henrique
Published: July 2021

Partindo da percepção de que a abertura de unidades federais de ensino superior no interior do Brasil atrelada à presença de Arranjos Produtivos Locais apresenta-se como uma política includente de oportunidade educacional capaz de favorecer o desenvolvimento do local e da região onde estão inseridas, este artigo buscou identificar de que forma fundamentou-se esta recente expansão tomando por critério de análise os seus desdobramentos sobre a adequação das estruturas políticas de funcionamento, as relações de cooperação, aprendizagem e cultura da inovação no contexto de Arranjos Produtivos Locais. Para tanto, após desenho e composição da amostra, realizou-se, em um primeiro momento, a pesquisa direta, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com representantes, em diferentes graus, das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior. Além disso, também foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma necessidade de aproximação das IES para com os diferentes atores que compõem as aglomerações produtivas através de, entre outros aspectos, práticas de pesquisa e extensão, cooperação e parcerias locais e internacionais, identificação,  reconhecimento e esforços que caminhem na direção de promover a atenção às realidades e necessidades locais a partir do olhar para as suas demandas e singularidades. Por fim, percebe-se que os efeitos observados em cada campus, em uma análise primária, aparentam ser derivados do capital social presente na região onde estão inseridos.
Synthesis, characterization and pharmacokinetic studies of 4-(3-aryl-1, 6-dihydro-6-iminopyridazin-1-yl)butanoic acid hydrochlorides
Authors: Islam Md Din , Kumar Samiron , Chowdhury Tahmina Akter , Sarker Mahe Zame , Nishino Hiroshi , Haque Md Aminul , Rahman Mohammad Mostafizur
Published: July 2021

A series of six title compounds have been prepared using 3-amino- 6-chloropyridazine as starting material collected from commercial sources and were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and high-resolution mass spectral (HRMS) data. The method involves three steps: Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, N(2)-alkylation, and acid hydrolysis, respectively, to obtain final products with good yields. According to Lipinski's rule of five and Veber's rule, pharmacokinetics studies of the synthesized compounds showed that all the parameters were in between the permissible limits. The toxicity parameters were low for the compounds to act as drugs.

J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 37-47: June 2021
Optimizing the wash time of the washing machine using several types of fuzzy numbers
Authors: Islam Md Azharul , Hossain Md Sahadat
Published: July 2021

In this paper we used various fuzzy numbers to calculate wash time for washing machines and provided various decisions after comparison among them. Again, this paper shows the importance of fuzzy logic control-based washing machine to get an appropriate wash time for the degree of dirt and the quantity of grease present on the clothes. This method is predicated on a fuzzy inference system. A fuzzy inference system using the Mamdani controller type is illustrated in this paper. From the utilization of fuzzy logic control, the machine can respond in several conditions. The simulation was done by MATLAB programming language.

J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 105-116: June 2021
Late Prof. Dr. Md. Anwar Hossain (August 19, 1944 - May 27, 2021)
Authors: Alim Md Abdul
Published: July 2021

Abstract not available

J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 1-11: June 2021
REVITALISASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI KEGIATAN TRAINING OF TRAINER (ToT)
Authors: Suhilmiati Endhang
Published: July 2021

Revitalisasi Pendidikan karakter sebagai upaya pendidikan secara holistis yang menghubungkan dimensi moral dengan ranah sosial dalam kehidupan peserta didik sebagai pondasi bagi terbentuknya generasi yang berkualitas, mampu hidup mandiri dan memiliki prinsip suatu kebenaran yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Atau dapat dikatakan bahwa pendidikan karakter memiliki esensi dan makna yang sama dengan pendidikan moral dan pendidikan akhlak yang bertujuan untuk membentuk pribadi anak, supaya menjadi manusia yang baik, warga masyarakat, dan warga negara yang baik dengan kriteria secara umum adalah nilai-nilai sosial tertentu, yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh budaya masyarakat dan bangsanya dalam hal ini kegiatan Training of Trainer (ToT) yang akan berdampingan beriringan dengan konsep pendidikan karakter karna pendidikan Training of Trainer adalah pelatihan yang diperuntukkan bagi siswa yang diharapkan setelah selesai pelatihan mampu menjadi pelatih dan mampu mengajarkan materi pelatihan tersebut kepada orang lain.
Implementasi Permenag Nomor 2 Tahun 2008 Dan Permendikbud Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Kompetensi Lulusan Di MAN Prambon Nganjuk
Authors: Rahmah Novita
Published: July 2021

Implementasi Permenag Nomor 2 Tahun 2008 dan Permendikbud Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar  Kompetensi Lulusan perlu dikuatkan dalam pelaksanaan di lapangan karena ditengarai di MAN Prambon muncul permasalahan pedagogik guru yang belum maksimal, sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran yang belum lengkap, input siswa kurang berkualitas, sebagian tamatan SMP kurang mampu mempelajari Mapel Bahasa Arab. Minat, motivasi dan disiplin belajar siswa kurang maksimal, dan belum maksimalnya pos-pos pembiayaan untuk kegiatan pembelajaran dan kegiatan ekstra kurikuler serta pembiayaan kegiatan pengembangan diri karena minimnya sumber pendapatan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Bentuk Implementasi Permenag No. 2 Tahun 2008 dan Permendikbud Nomor 20 tahun 2016  tentang Standar Kompetensi Lulusan di MAN Prambon Nganjuk bagi guru PAI dan Bahasa Arab  adalah berikut: a) Guru melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan strategi dan metode mengajar yang sesuai, mengadakan penilaian dan analisis hasil belajar, serta evaluasi, mengadakan program remidi dan pengayaan, b) Pengadaan tes peminatan pada siwa baru untuk penempatan jurusan. 2) Implikasi  Implementasi Permenagsebagai berikut: a) Implikasinya didasarkan pada pada tujuan pendidikan nasional, b) didasarkan pada ruang lingkup standar kompetensi lulusan, c) dilakukan dengan cara mengadakan monitoring dan evaluasi, d) dilaksanakan berdasar kebijakan kepala madrasah, e) dijalankan dengan baik sesuai dengan rencana. 3) Faktor-faktor Pendukung antara lain: a) Kondisi riil standar isi yang bagusdan Respon komite dan siswa sangat baik. Sedangkan faktor-faktor penghambatnya antara lain: fasilitas untuk memenuhi terlaksnanya kurikulum 13 sangat terbatas.
AKTIVITAS ASAP CAIR CANGKANG BUAH Hevea braziliensis SEBAGAI ANTI BAKTERI Staphylacoccus aureus
Authors: Agustina Widiya , Sumpono Sumpono , Elvia Rina
Published: July 2021

The aims of this research is to know the activity of liquid smoke Hevea braziliensis  Seed Shell as antibacterial of Staphylacoccus aureus. The synthesis of  liquid smoke on this research through some process such as pyrolysis, sedimentation, filtration, distillation and redistillation. H.braziliensis Seed Shell liquid smoke  obtained phenol levels 0.84% and pH  2.548. Antibacterial activity tested by hollow difusion methode with variations concentration of liquid smoke .at 5%, , 10 , 25 , 50, 75, and 100 % v/v. The effective concentration H.braziliensis  liquid smoke in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus bacteria is 75% v/v with strong antibacterial level that showed by an inhibition zone at 10,6 mm. On this research One Way ANOVA test showing the Fcount   ? F table, which means there is a significant difference between the diameter of the inhibition zone on various concentrations of H.braziliensis seed shell.iquid smoke..
PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK AIR BUAH Flacourtia inermis Roxb. (LOBI-LOBI) SEBAGAI PENGAWET IKAN LAUT
Authors: Pribadi Ade , Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , Elvinawati Elvinawati
Published: July 2021

[THE  UTILIZATION OF   Flacourtia inermis Roxb. (LOB-LOBI ) FRUIT WATER EXTRACTS AS A MARINE FISH PRESERVATIVE] This research aims to determine the magnitude of the concentration and the length of time the optimum soaking water extracts of fruit Flacourtia inermis Roxb. (lobi-lobi ) as well as measuring its potential for use as a preservative in marine fish. Sample marine fish used is Kerapu Macan (Epinephelus fuscogultatus). The concentration of water extract from the fruit of F.inermis Roxb  is at levels at 10, 20, 30 and 40% with soaking time each at 1, 2 and 3 hours for any variation of the concentration. Observation of the level of the fish freshness is done with a variety of storage time of 12, 18, and 24 hours at room temperature to any variation of the concentration of extract and soaking time. The parameters used in determining the level of the freshness of the sample fish is a rate of Total Volatile Bases (TVB), moisture content, and pH. The results of the research done indicate that extracts water from the fruit of F.inermis Roxb L are potential for use as a preservative of marine fish based on the values of pH and the levels of TVB. The most optimum concentration and soaking time in Kerapu Macan fish preserve during its storage was soaking with a concentration of 30% for 1 hour, i.e., able to withstand the pace of the decline of the quality of the Kerapu Macan sample for 18 hours at room temperature: with the pH 6.7 and fish TVBvalue at 29.4 mgN/100 g.
POTENSI EKSTRAK METABOLIT SEKUNDER Eugenia uniflora L. SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET TAHU
Authors: Tria Genesis , Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , Amir Hermansyah
Published: July 2021

[POTENTIAL OF Eugenia uniflora L SECONDARY METABOLITES EXTRACT AS A TOFU PRESERVATIVE]. The purpose of this research is to know the secondary metabolite compounds from the Eugenia uniflora L (Dewandaru) fruit extracts , as well as to measure the potential of water extract from the fruit of E. uniflora L for the use in the tofu preserve as well as measure the impact of the addition of water extract of the fruit of E. uniflora L against moisture, pH, protein on tofu. The process of preserving test against tofu on the research done by soaking time at 2, 3 and 4 hour with each variation of the concentration of extract at  10, 15 and 20% as well as the observation time at 24 and 48 hours for each treatment.The result of the test water extract of the fruit of the phytochemical profile E. uniflora L showed the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic , saponins and steroid compounds. Test results from the granting of water extract from the fruit of E.uniflora L in the preserve of tofu with the variation of concentration and soaking time is proven to affect the value of water content, pH, and protein on tofu that was tested.The results of the research done indicate that the granting of a water extract of the fruit of E.uniflora L proven useful to be used as a natural preservative for tofu at 24 hours with a 20% concentration and a soaking time at 2 and 3 hours. From the results, it can be concluded that water extracts from the fruit of E.uniflora L. potential to be used as a natural preservative for tofu.
ANALISIS ION MERKURI (II) MENGGUNAKAN NANO PARTIKEL PERAK TERIMOBILISASI PADA KERTAS SARING
Authors: Meileza Nessi , Firdaus M. Lutfi , Elvinawati Elvinawati
Published: July 2021

The aims of this research is improve stability and sensitivity of silver nanoparticles (NPP) immobilizatied on filter paper. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by reducing the ascorbic acid using a chemical reduction method. Immobilization NPP on filter paper is done with the technique of immobilization (immunosystem) is the process of molecular bonding reagent in supporting materials, so physically bound NPP the surface of filter paper is composed of cellulose fibers. The results obtained for the stability of immobilization NPP on filter paper can be last up to stable 60-daywhile liquid NPP stability can only last for 30 days. To maintained the stability ofimmobilization on filter paper is saved in a closed box. For the determination of sensitivity of immobilization NPP in the filter paper test is performed against the mercury (II) ion with each different concentrations. The results obtained for sensitivity of immobilization NPP on the filter paper is analyzed in digital image can be detect mercury (II) ion until the concentration of ppb. The results of measurement Limit of Detection (LOD) or limit the smallest NPP can detect mercury (II) ion is under 0.863 ppb, while liquid NPP able to detect only concentration 1.448 ppb.. The results of this research NPP immobilization on filter paper can be an alternative to increasingstability and sensitivity of NPP compared with liquid  NPP, and can be applied into the colourimetry indicator is inexpensive and practical to analysis of mercury (II) ion in the digital image.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN TANAH DI DAERAH PEMUKIMAN KOTA BENGKULU DALAM MENJERAP ALKYL BENZENE SULPHONATE (ABS) DAN LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULPHONATE (LAS)
Authors: Ananda Fikri , Candra I Nyoman , Elvinawati Elvinawati
Published: July 2021

This research aims to know the ability of land in a residential area of the city of Bengkulu in adsorbed Alkyl Benzene Sulphonate  (ABS) and Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonate (LAS). Soil samples were taken at five-point i.e. the backyard of Balai Buntar,   Fatmawati  Airport, Beringin Raya , Pematang Gubernur and Simpang Nakau  with a drill ground at a depth of 20 cm and cleaned from garbage impurity. Then the soil characterized include moisture content, pH, texture and the organic content  and ABS and ALS adsorbsition measured using UV-vis spectrophotometers att 222-223 nm wavelengths. In this research tested the influence of pH, pulp and optimum contact time contacts from soil sample at in ABS and ALS adsorbsition The adsorbtion pattern is known as the Freundlich and Langmuir parameters. Based on research, generally, it can be concluded that the land in the residential area of Bengkulu city has characteristic average water content – average 23%, pH average – average 5.35 and it's Turn dusty clay. The optimum condition from soil in adsorbs from Alkyl Benzene Sulphonate (ABS) occurs at pH 3, a mass of 1 g and 2 hours of contact time with the adsorption capacity of 0.874 mg/g, while for Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonate (LAS)  adsorption  the optimum soil conditions occur at pH 2, mass 0.5 g and 1-hour contact time with the adsorption capacity of 1.607 mg/g.  The pattern of soil adsorption against ABS tends to follow the Langmuir equation whereas against LAS tend to follow the Freundlich equation. Adsorpstion of soil samples in Bengkulu City against ABS belongs to low and adsorpstion against LAS belongs to very low
PEMBUATAN NANOPARTIKEL-PERAK EKSTRAK DAUN UBI JALAR ORANGE (Ipomoea batatas L.) DENGAN METODE BIOREDUKSI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS TERHADAP JUMLAH TROMBOSIT Mus musculus
Authors: Trinanda Ririn , Sundaryono Agus , Handayani Dewi
Published: July 2021

This study aims to make silver nanoparticles (NPP) of orange Sweet potato extract (Ipomoea batatas L.) using bioreduction method and test the effect of giving silver nanoparticles - leaf extract of Ipomoea batatas L. orange (Ipomoea batatas L.) to the number of thrombocyte from male of  Mus musculus induced by aspirin. The precursor used is 1 mM AgNO3 solution and as bioreductor is an antioxidant compound in orange sweet potato extract (Ipomoea batatas L.). The ratio of AgNO3 1 mM solution volume and orange sweet potato leaf extract is 9: 1 with 2 hours time. The characteristic test again obtained NPP is done using FTIR and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) using Dynamyc Light Scattering method (DLS). The results showed that from the PSA analysis is known the average size of NPP – I. Batatas, L leaf extract  is an average of 86.0 nm with a polydispersity value (PDI) of 0.17 < 1 that indicates that the  NPP-leaf extract particle size distribution It is less homogeneous and are less stable.The results show that the administration of silver nanoparticles - orange sweet potato extract (Ipomoea batatas L.) can increase the platelet count of male mice significantly Dose of 0.014 g / Kgbb of 259,600 / mm3.