bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical porous Fe/N doped carbon nanofibers as host materials for high sulfur loading Li–S batteries
Authors: Jiang Mao , Wang Ruxing , Wang Kangli , Gao Shu , Han Jing , Yan Jie , Cheng Shijie , Jiang Kai
Published: July 2019

Self-supporting carbon fibers with unique hierarchical porous structures and abundant Fe/N adsorption–nucleation centers enable the construction of high performance Li–S batteries.
Fucoidan-coated coral-like Pt nanoparticles for computed tomography-guided highly enhanced synergistic anticancer effect against drug-resistant breast cancer cells
Authors: Kang Seounghun , Kang Kyunglee , Chae Ari , Kim Young-Kwan , Jang Hongje , Min Dal-Hee
Published: July 2019

The one-pot synthesis with surface modification of Pt nanoparticle through bioactive polymer, fucoidan, were applied to achieve efficient combination therapy of MDR breast cancer cells.
Nanoscale & Nanoscale Advances joint themed collection on nanocarbons
Authors: Yang Nianjun , Pang Dai-Wen , Einaga Yasuaki
Published: July 2019

This themed issue includes a collection of articles on nanocarbons.
A calix[4]arene with acylguanidine units as an efficient catalyst for phosphodiester bond cleavage in RNA and DNA model compounds
Authors: Salvio Riccardo , Volpi Stefano , Folcarelli Tommaso , Casnati Alessandro , Cacciapaglia Roberta
Published: July 2019

Conjugated carbonyl units in a calixarene scaffold provide the right amount of flexibility for catalysis with a minimum entropic cost.
An efficient tandem synthesis of chromones from o-bromoaryl ynones and benzaldehyde oxime
Authors: Zhang Jing-Wen , Yang Wan-Wan , Chen Lu-Lu , Chen Pei , Wang Yan-Bo , Chen Dan-Yun
Published: July 2019

A transition-metal-free approach was developed to synthesize chromones from o-bromoaryl ynones and benzaldehyde oxime by sequential C–O bond formation.
Stereodivergent synthesis of alkenes by controllable syn-/anti-fragmentation of β-hydroxysulfonyl intermediates
Authors: Górski Bartosz , Basiak Dariusz , Grzesiński Łukasz , Barbasiewicz Michał
Published: July 2019

Complementary fragmentation mechanisms of Hawkins and one-pot Julia olefinations were employed for the stereodivergent synthesis of alkenes.
Reaction and characterisation of a two-stage thermoset using molecular dynamics
Authors: Schwab Felix K. , Denniston Colin
Published: July 2019

The curing reaction of a two-stage hybrid resin is simulated and different states are evaluated for material properties.
Stable supramolecular porphyrin@albumin nanoparticles for optimal photothermal activity
Authors: Zheng Xiaohua , Wang Lei , Lei Zhitao , Pei Qing , Liu Shi , Xie Zhigang
Published: July 2019

A stable nanoparticle formulation is constructed from porphyrin and albumin, which possesses robust photostability, a high photothermal conversion efficiency and effective inhibition of tumor growth.
Oxygen vacancy regulation in Nb-doped Bi2WO6 for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhang Changteng , Pang Ya , Shen Qianhong , Yu Yang , Su Yuxuan , Wang Jiabang , Zhang Fang , Yang Hui
Published: July 2019

Novel Nb-doped Bi2WO6 nanosheets have been successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method.
Electrocatalytic reduction of trace nitrobenzene using a graphene-oxide@polymerized-manganese-porphyrin composite
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Huang Can , Li Yingying , Yang Weijun , Liu Fan
Published: July 2019

A more stable composite of graphene oxide encapsulated by the polymerized porphyrins realize the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene to nitrosobenzene.
The characteristics of high-quality Yb:YAG single crystal fibers grown by a LHPG method and the effects of their discoloration
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Jian , Zhang Na , Wang Siyuan , Wu Baiyi , Jia Zhitai , Tao Xutang
Published: July 2019

High-quality Yb:YAG single crystal fibers were grown successfully via LHPG method and the corresponding properties were investigated in detail.
Microporous organic hydroxyl-functionalized polybenzotriazole for encouraging CO2 capture and separation
Authors: Yin Qiang , Lu Chunlin , Zhang Shuai , Liu Meifang , Du Kai , Zhang Lin , Chang Guanjun
Published: July 2019

We report a mild, hydroxyl functionalized and thermal stable benzotriazole-based aerogel (HO-PBTA), which is inspired by phenolic resin chemistry.
A facile preparation method for new two-component supramolecular hydrogels and their performances in adsorption, catalysis, and stimuli-response
Authors: Zhu Junlin , Wang Ran , Geng Rui , Zhang Xuan , Wang Fan , Jiao Tifeng , Yang Jingyue , Bai Zhenhua , Peng Qiuming
Published: July 2019

New two-component supramolecular hydrogels were prepared via a self-assembly process, demonstrating potential applications in adsorption and catalysis as well as sensor materials.
Gas-phase degradation of 2-butanethiol initiated by OH radicals and Cl atoms: kinetics, product yields and mechanism at 298 K and atmospheric pressure
Authors: Cardona Alejandro L. , Gibilisco Rodrigo G. , Blanco María B. , Wiesen Peter , Teruel Mariano
Published: July 2019

Relative rate coefficients and product distribution of the reaction of 2-butanethiol (2butSH) with OH radicals and Cl atoms were obtained at atmospheric pressure and 298 K.
Utilization of metabolic energy in treatment of ocular surface disorders: polyphosphate as an energy source for corneal epithelial cell proliferation
Authors: Gericke Adrian , Wang Xiaohong , Ackermann Maximilian , Neufurth Meik , Wiens Matthias , Schröder Heinz C. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Müller Werner E. G.
Published: July 2019

Impaired regeneration of the corneal epithelium, as found in many ocular surface diseases, is a major clinical problem in ophthalmology.
Distinct plasmon resonance enhanced microwave absorption of strawberry-like Co/C/Fe/C core–shell hierarchical flowers via engineering the diameter and interparticle spacing of Fe/C nanoparticles
Authors: He Zidong , Liu Minmin , Liu Lin , Tong Guoxiu , Wu Wenhua , Wang Xiaojuan
Published: July 2019

Plasmon resonance enhanced permittivity, permeability, and microwave absorption were found in Fe/C nanoparticles anchoring on Co/C hierarchical flowers synthesized through a carefully devised kinetically tuned procedure.
Hierarchically porous carbons as supports for fuel cell electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Fe–Nx moieties
Authors: Tong Lei , Wang Yu-Cheng , Chen Ming-Xi , Chen Zhi-Qing , Yan Qiang-Qiang , Yang Cheng-Long , Zhou Zhi-You , Chu Sheng-Qi , Feng Xinliang , Liang Hai-Wei
Published: July 2019

Fe–Nx–C catalysts fabricated with hierarchically porous carbons instead of commercial carbon black demonstrate enhanced ORR performance under full-cell testing.
Living β-selective cyclopolymerization using Ru dithiolate catalysts
Authors: Jung Kijung , Ahmed Tonia S. , Lee Jaeho , Sung Jong-Chan , Keum Hyeyun , Grubbs Robert H. , Choi Tae-Lim
Published: July 2019

Herein, we demonstrate the first example of living β-selective CP by rational engineering of the steric factor on monomer or catalyst structures, along with a mechanistic investigation by in situ kinetic studies using 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Peptide-induced super-assembly of biocatalytic metal–organic frameworks for programmed enzyme cascades
Authors: Liang Jieying , Mazur Federico , Tang Chuyang , Ning Xunan , Chandrawati Rona , Liang Kang
Published: July 2019

Complementary peptide-induced super-assembly of biocatalytic MOFs is developed for programmed enzyme cascades on demand.
Magnesium hydride alkene insertion and catalytic hydrosilylation
Authors: Garcia Lucia , Dinoi Chiara , Mahon Mary F. , Maron Laurent , Hill Michael S.
Published: July 2019

The β-diketiminato magnesium hydride, [(BDI)MgH]]2, reacts with alkenes and catalyses their hydrosilylation with PhSiH3.
Solid-state Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions: olefin-accelerated C–C coupling using mechanochemistry
Authors: Seo Tamae , Ishiyama Tatsuo , Kubota Koji , Ito Hajime
Published: July 2019

The first general solid-state Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions using mechanochemistry has been developed.
Locus-patterned sequence oriented enrichment for multi-dimensional gene analysis
Authors: Zhao Yue , Fang Xiaoxing , Chen Feng , Bai Min , Fan Chunhai , Zhao Yongxi
Published: July 2019

A locus-patterned sequence oriented enrichment was proposed to analyze the gene sequence, locus variation and molecular abundance of heterogeneous genes.
Guidance of active particles at liquid–liquid interfaces near surfaces
Authors: Palacios Lucas S. , Katuri Jaideep , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Sánchez Samuel
Published: July 2019

Liquid–liquid interfaces can effectively guide the motion of chemically powered active particles along solid surfaces.
One-step sensitive thrombin detection based on a nanofibrous sensing platform
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Wu Yuyang , Niu Jingjing , Jiang Dagang , Xiao Dan , Zhou Cuisong
Published: July 2019

By integration of a new PiDSD process, CHA amplification and ThT binding, one-step fluorescent detection of thrombin can be achieved by immersing a porous and 3-direction structural B-H2-functionalized nanofibrous membrane in a testing solution.
Efficient two-terminal artificial synapse based on a network of functionalized conducting polymer nanowires
Authors: Jiang Chunli , Zhang Yu , Tian Bobo , Luo Chunhua , Zhong Ni , Wang Jianlu , Meng Xiangjian , Peng Hui , Duan Chun-Gang , Chu Junhao
Published: July 2019

A two-terminal artificial synaptic device based on functionalized polythiophene nanowires network is fabricated and successfully used to emulate important biological synaptic functions, including PPF, SRDP and STDP.
Solution processible triphenylphosphine-oxide-cored dendritic hosts featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence for power-efficient blue electrophosphorescent devices
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Chen Liang , Xu Xiushang , Zhao Lei , Wang Shumeng , Ding Junqiao , Wang Lixiang
Published: July 2019

A series of phosphine oxide based dendritic hosts have been developed. Compare with conventional dendritic host H2, the new hosts not only maintain high T1 but also have a small ΔEST and bring higher device performance.
Un-JAMming atherosclerotic arteries: JAM-L as a target to attenuate plaque development
Authors: Sokeechand B Sumayyah H , Trigatti Bernardo L
Published: July 2019

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and a major driver of heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis development is driven by the infiltration of leukocytes, including monocytes and neutrophils, among other inflammatory cells into the artery wall, monocyte differentiation to macrophages and uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein. Macrophage activation and inflammatory cytokine production are major factors which drive ongoing inflammation and plaque development. Identification of novel pathways driving this on-going inflammatory process may provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. In their article published in Clinical Science (2019) (vol 133, 1215–1228), Sun and colleagues demonstrate a novel role for the junction adhesion molecule-like (JAML) protein in driving on-going atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and plaque development. They report that JAML is expressed in macrophages and other cells in atherosclerotic plaques in both humans and mice, and that silencing JAML expression attenuates atherosclerotic plaque progression in mouse models of early and late stage plaque development. They demonstrate that JAML is required for oxidized-low density lipoprotein (OxLDL)-induced up-regulation of inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages, pointing to it as a potential therapeutic target for reducing ongoing plaque inflammation.
Speech-Language Disorders in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Best Practices for Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Solot Cynthia B. , Sell Debbie , Mayne Anne , Baylis Adriane L. , Persson Christina , Jackson Oksana , McDonald-McGinn Donna M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Speech and language disorders are hallmark features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS). Learning disabilities, cognitive deficits, palate abnormalities, velopharyngeal dysfunction, behavioral differences, and various medical and psychiatric conditions are also major features of this syndrome. The goal of this document is to summarize the state of the art of current clinical and scientific knowledge regarding 22qDS for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and provide recommendations for clinical management.

Method

Best practices for management of individuals with 22qDS were developed by consensus of an expert international group of SLPs and researchers with expertise in 22qDS. These care recommendations are based on the authors' research, clinical experience, and literature review.

Results

This document describes the features of 22qDS as well as evaluation procedures, treatment protocols, and associated management recommendations for SLPs for the often complex communication disorders present in this population.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis and appropriate management of speech-language disorders in 22qDS is essential to optimize outcomes and to minimize the long-term effects of communication impairments. Knowledge of this diagnosis also allows anticipatory care and guidance regarding associated features for families, health care, and educational professionals.
Fast deconvolution method for angular super‐resolution imaging based on sub‐space embedding
Authors: Wu Yang , Zhang Yin , Huang Yulin , Yang Jianyu
Published: July 2019

This study presents a fast deconvolution method based on the sub‐space embedding for angular super‐resolution in radar forward‐looking imaging area. The ill‐posed character of convolution matrix causes the difficulty to improve angular resolution and the redundancy of matrix increases computational complexity. In this study, the sub‐space embedding theory is applied to reduce the redundancy of convolution matrix. Through the sketching matrix, the effective space of convolution matrix is extracted, which improves the computational efficiency and modifies ill‐posed character. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method offers a time complexity reduction without loss of performance.
Imputing missing values using cumulative linear regression
Authors: Mostafa Samih M.
Published: July 2019

The concept of missing data is important to apply statistical methods on the dataset. Statisticians and researchers may end up to an inaccurate illation about the data if the missing data are not handled properly. Of late, Python and R provide diverse packages for handling missing data. In this study, an imputation algorithm, cumulative linear regression, is proposed. The proposed algorithm depends on the linear regression technique. It differs from the existing methods, in that it cumulates the imputed variables; those variables will be incorporated in the linear regression equation to filling in the missing values in the next incomplete variable. The author performed a comparative study of the proposed method and those packages. The performance was measured in terms of imputation time, root‐mean‐square error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination . On analysing on five datasets with different missing values generated from different mechanisms, it was observed that the performances vary depending on the size, missing percentage, and the missingness mechanism. The results showed that the performance of the proposed method is slightly better.
X-ray extinction from interstellar dust
Authors: Costantini E. , Zeegers S. T. , Rogantini D. , de Vries C. P. , Tielens A. G. G. M. , Waters L. B. F. M.
Published: July 2019

Aims. We present a study on the prospects of observing carbon, sulfur, and other lower abundance elements (namely Al, Ca, Ti, and Ni) present in the interstellar medium using future X-ray instruments. We focus in particular on the detection and characterization of interstellar dust along the lines of sight.

Methods. We compared the simulated data with different sets of dust aggregates, either obtained from past literature or measured by us using the SOLEIL-LUCIA synchrotron beamline. Extinction by interstellar grains induces modulations of a given photolelectric edge, which can be in principle traced back to the chemistry of the absorbing grains. We simulated data of instruments with characteristics of resolution and sensitivity of the current Athena, XRISM, and Arcus concepts.

Results. In the relatively near future, the depletion and abundances of the elements under study will be determined with confidence. In the case of carbon and sulfur, the characterization of the chemistry of the absorbing dust will be also determined, depending on the dominant compound. For aluminum and calcium, despite the large depletion in the interstellar medium and the prominent dust absorption, in many cases the edge feature may not be changing significantly with the change of chemistry in the Al- or Ca-bearing compounds. The exinction signature of large grains may be detected and modeled, allowing a test on different grain size distributions for these elements. The low cosmic abundance of Ti and Ni will not allow us a detailed study of the edge features.
The XMM-Newton wide field survey in the COSMOS field: Clustering dependence of X-ray selected AGN on host galaxy properties
Authors: Viitanen A. , Allevato V. , Finoguenov A. , Bongiorno A. , Cappelluti N. , Gilli R. , Miyaji T. , Salvato M.
Published: July 2019

Aims. We study the spatial clustering of 632 (1130) XMM-COSMOS active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with known spectroscopic or photometric redshifts in the range z = [0.1–2.5] in order to measure the AGN bias and estimate the typical mass of the hosting dark matter (DM) halo as a function of AGN host galaxy properties.

Methods. We created AGN subsamples in terms of stellar mass, M*, and specific black hole accretion rate, LX/M*, to study how AGN environment depends on these quantities. Further, we derived the M*−Mhalo relation for our sample of XMM-COSMOS AGNs and compared it to results in literature for normal non-active galaxies. We measured the projected two-point correlation function wp(rp) using both the classic and the generalized clustering estimator, based on photometric redshifts, as probability distribution functions in addition to any available spectroscopic redshifts. We measured the large-scale (rp ≳ 1 h−1 Mpc) linear bias b by comparing the clustering signal to that expected of the underlying DM distribution. The bias was then related to the typical mass of the hosting halo Mhalo of our AGN subsamples. Since M* and LX/M* are correlated, we matched the distribution in terms of one quantity and we split the distribution in the other.

Results. For the full spectroscopic AGN sample, we measured a typical DM halo mass of log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 12.79−0.43+0.26, similar to galaxy group environments and in line with previous studies for moderate-luminosity X-ray selected AGN. We find no significant dependence on specific accretion rate LX/M*, with log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 13.06−0.38+0.23 and log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 12.97−1.26+0.39 for low and high LX/M* subsamples, respectively. We also find no difference in the hosting halos in terms of M* with log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 12.93−0.62+0.31 (low) and log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 12.90−0.62+0.30 (high). By comparing the M*−Mhalo relation derived for XMM-COSMOS AGN subsamples with what is expected for normal non-active galaxies by abundance matching and clustering results, we find that the typical DM halo mass of our high M* AGN subsample is similar to that of non-active galaxies. However, AGNs in our low M* subsample are found in more massive halos than non-active galaxies. By excluding AGNs in galaxy groups from the clustering analysis, we find evidence that the result for low M* may be due to larger fraction of AGNs as satellites in massive halos.
Structure, kinematics, and ages of the young stellar populations in the Orion region
Authors: Zari E. , Brown A. G. A. , de Zeeuw P. T.
Published: July 2019

We present a study of the three dimensional structure, kinematics, and age distribution of the Orion OB association, based on the second data release of theGaiasatellite (GaiaDR2). Our goal is to obtain a complete picture of the star formation history of the Orion complex and to relate our findings to theories of sequential and triggered star formation. We selected the Orion population with simple photometric criteria, and we constructed a three dimensional map in galactic Cartesian co-ordinates to study the physical arrangement of the stellar clusters in the Orion region. The map shows structures that extend for roughly 150 pc along the line of sight, divided in multiple sub-clusters. We separated different groups by using the density-based clustering algorithm DBSCAN. We studied the kinematic properties of all the groups found by DBSCAN first by inspecting their proper motion distribution, and then by applying a kinematic modelling code based on an iterative maximum likelihood approach, which we used to derive their mean velocity, velocity dispersion, and isotropic expansion. We derived ages and extinction values for all the groups by using an isochrone fitting procedure. We confirm the presence of an old population (∼15 Myr) towards the 25 Ori region, and we find that groups with ages of 12 − 15 Myr are present also towards the Belt region. We notice the presence of a population of ∼10 Myr also in front of the Orion A molecular cloud. Our findings suggest that star formation in Orion does not follow a simple sequential scenario, but instead consists of multiple events, which caused kinematic and physical sub-structure. To fully explain the detailed sequence of events, specific simulations and further radial velocity data are needed.
The HST Key Project galaxies NGC 1326A, NGC 1425, and NGC 4548: New variable stars and massive star population
Authors: Spetsieri Z. T. , Bonanos A. Z. , Yang M. , Kourniotis M. , Hatzidimitriou D.
Published: July 2019

Studies of the massive star population in galaxies beyond the Local Group are the key to understanding the link between their numbers and modes of star formation in different environments. We present the analysis of the massive star population of the galaxies NGC 1326A, NGC 1425, and NGC 4548 using archival images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 in the F555W and F814W filters. Through high-precision point spread function fitting photometry for all sources in the three fields, we identified 7640 candidate blue supergiants, 2314 candidate yellow supergiants, and 4270 candidate red supergiants. We provide an estimate of the ratio of blue to red supergiants for each field as a function of galactocentric radius. Using Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) at solar metallicity, we defined the luminosity function and estimated the star formation history of each galaxy. We carried out a variability search in the V and I filters using three variability indexes: the median absolute deviation, the interquartile range, and the inverse von Neumann ratio. This analysis yielded 243 new variable candidates with absolute magnitudes ranging from MV = −4 to −10 mag. We classified the variable stars based on their absolute magnitude and their position on the color–magnitude diagram using the MESA evolutionary tracks at solar metallicity. Our analysis yielded 8 candidate variable blue supergiants, 12 candidate variable yellow supergiants, 21 candidate variable red supergiants, and 4 candidate periodic variables.
Quelles théories pour l’individuel et le collectif ?
Authors: Chagnon Jean-Yves
Published: July 2019

Ces Actes reprennent les communications d’une journée d’études de l’UTRPP de l’Université Paris 13, journée intitulée « Quelles théories pour penser l’individuel et le collectif ? Intrapsychique et intersubjectivité ». L’article introductif au dossier présente brièvement ce laboratoire de psychologie pluridisciplinaire puis reprend certains aspects historiques et épistémologiques de la question-titre, intéressant toutes les composantes de la psychologie (psychanalyse, psycho(patho)logie clinique, sociale, cognitive, interculturelle, etc.); il en présente également les enjeux et les concepts. À l’heure où les paradigmes scientifiques actuels valorisent l’inter et la transdisciplinarité, l’articulation entre individuel et collectif, intrapsychique et intersubjectif, devient un objet de recherche central sur lequel ce dossier propose de faire le point à partir de différents observatoires cliniques et théoriques.
La phylogenèse, un révélateur des mythes adolescents de S. Freud
Authors: Houssier Florian
Published: July 2019

Freud cesse toute tentative de théorisation approfondie de l’adolescence après 1905 alors que sa clinique des « jeunes gens » infiltre une grande part de sa pratique clinique. Nous soutenons l’hypothèse que le mythe de la horde primitive résulte notamment d’une persistance de la question de l’adolescence à travers l’articulation entre Histoire, théorie psychanalytique et l’adolescence de Freud lui-même. Il relie ainsi mémoire individuelle et collective.
Psychanalyse et intersubjectivité : vers une troisième topique ?
Authors: Cohen de Lara Aline
Published: July 2019

« Jusqu’à un certain point, toutes les écoles analytiques sont aujourd’hui d’accord pour souligner l’importance de la relation intersubjective dans la cure analytique » (Ellen Sparer). Jusqu’à un certain point car les courants intersubjectifs et leurs évolutions contemporaines récusent ou relativisent pour de multiples raisons la métapsychologie freudienne, avec les risques de dérive vers le vaste champ des thérapies relationnelles que cela implique. Cet article tente de montrer comment les enjeux actuels concernant la place prise par l’intersubjectivité dans le champ analytique et au-delà s’enracinent dans une dimension historique et culturelle, en lien avec les grands mouvements géographiques et théoriques de la psychanalyse post freudienne.
Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Dosimetrie und Therapieplanung in der Molekularen Radiotherapie durch maschinelles Lernen
Authors: Jiménez-Franco Luis David , Kletting Peter , Glatting Gerhard
Published: July 2019

Die Molekulare Strahlentherapie ist eine systemische oder lokoregionäre Therapie, bei der dem Patienten ein Radionuklid oder ein radioaktiv markiertes Arzneimittel verabreicht wird. Ziel ist es, die Tumorzellen abzutöten und gleichzeitig das Normalgewebe zu schonen. Die Therapieplanung umfasst deshalb die prätherapeutische Bestimmung der zu verabreichenden Aktivitätsmenge, der Substanzmenge und der zeitlichen Abfolge möglicher die Pharmakokinetik modulierender Interventionen/Injektionen.

Der Einsatz der künstlichen Intelligenz und insbesondere des maschinellen Lernens (ML) sind in letzter Zeit immer mehr in den Fokus auch der Bildgebung und Therapie mit ionisierenden Strahlen gerückt.

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird ein Verfahren der individualisierten Therapieplanung für die Molekulare Strahlentherapie anhand eines Ablaufplanes vorgestellt. Dabei werden die Möglichkeiten diskutiert, durch den Einsatz von maschinellem Lernen die Therapieplanung zu verbessern.

Der Einsatz von ML besitzt ein großes Potenzial in der Dosimetrie und Behandlungsplanung in der Molekularen Strahlentherapie. Jedoch sind noch weitere Anstrengungen erforderlich, um genügend relevante Daten zu sammeln und diese mittels ML effizient zur Verbesserung der Dosimetrie und Behandlungsplanung in der Molekularen Strahlentherapie zu nutzen.
Entwicklungen in der Analyse von Tumorheterogenität in computertomografischen Aufnahmen
Authors: Steinacker Jochen
Published: July 2019

Lange beschränkte sich die bildmorphologische Beurteilung von Tumoren auf deren Größe einschließlich der Größendynamik, das Kontrastierungsmuster sowie deren visuell fassbaren Verhalten zum umliegenden Gewebe. In der letzten Dekade rückten zunehmend weitere Aspekte der Bildauswertung von in der klinischen Routine angefertigten Bilddatensätzen in den Fokus, welche dank stetig steigender Prozessorleistung und entsprechend neuer Anwendungsmöglichkeiten erstmals in größerem Umfang analysiert werden konnten. Begriffe wie Tumorheterogenität, „machine learning“ und „big data“ fanden sich immer häufiger in den Überschriften der Publikationen. Es ist gemeinhin anerkannt, dass Tumoren biologisch in der überwiegenden Zahl der Fälle keine homogene Masse darstellen, sondern sowohl auf makroskopischer als auch auf mikroskopischer und genetischer Ebene heterogene Gewebe darstellen. Diese histopathologischen und immunhistochemischen Erkenntnisse mit Tumorarealen unterschiedlicher Zelldichte, Angioneogenese und nekrotischen Anteilen sollten ein entsprechend quantifizierbares Korrelat in den bildgebenden Verfahren aufweisen. Die Heterogenitätsanalyse von Geweben in computertomografischen Datensätzen findet entsprechend in der Onkologie ein breites Anwendungsspektrum, aber auch nicht maligne Erkrankungen stellen einen möglichen Anwendungsbereich für diese Art der Bilddatenauswertung dar. Der nachfolgende Artikel soll eine Übersicht über bereits erfolgte Auswertungen von CT-Datensätzen bei verschiedenen Tumorentitäten und nicht-onkologischen Fragestellungen liefern und die Herausforderungen für die weitere Anwendung von Heterogenitätsanalysen aufzeigen.

Ein wichtiges Ziel stellt hierbei die Identifikation von möglichen bildgebenden Biomarkern zur Therapieresponseevaluation dar, um mit entsprechenden Rückschlüssen die Fortführung oder Umstellung der therapeutischen Maßnahmen zu untermauern.
Outcomes of surgical resections for benign colon polyps: a systematic review
Authors: de Neree tot Babberich Michael P.M. , Bronzwaer Maxime E.S. , Andriessen Jurr O. , Bastiaansen Barbara A. J. , Mostafavi Nahid , Bemelman Willem A. , Fockens Paul , Tanis Pieter J. , Dekker Evelien
Published: July 2019

Background Not all benign colonic polyps are suitable for endoscopic resection, although criteria for endoscopic non-resectability vary worldwide. Clinical decision-making largely depends on endoscopic treatment options, as well as postoperative risks after surgical resection. This systematic review aimed to determine postoperative outcomes and the characteristics of surgically resected benign colonic polyps.

Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies investigating the outcomes of surgical resection for benign colonic polyps since 1980. Studies were considered eligible when at least one postoperative outcome (morbidity and/or mortality) was reported. Meta-analyses were conducted for the primary outcome measures (morbidity and mortality) for studies that included patients only after the year 2000.

Results Of the 4210 studies retrieved, 26 studies describing 139 897 patients were included. The most common indications for surgical resection were polyp location in the right-sided colon, non-pedunculated morphology, and large polyp size. The pooled 1-month complication and mortality rates of studies that included patients after the year 2000 were 24 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 15 % – 36 %) and 0.7 % (95 %CI 0.6 % – 0.8 %), respectively.

Conclusion The postoperative morbidity and mortality after colonic resection for benign polyps are substantial. Referral to an advanced interventional endoscopist should be considered before referral for surgery to evaluate the possibilities for endoscopic treatment of large, non-pedunculated, and/or colonic polyps in difficult locations without suspicion of submucosal malignant invasion.
Hypogastric Artery Occlusion with Evoked Potentials Monitoring as Bailout Technique to Assess the Risk of Postoperative Spinal Cord Ischemia
Authors: D'Oria Mario , Calvagna Cristiano , Chiarandini Stefano , Ziani Barbara
Published: July 2019

A 65-year-old man, with previous open surgical repair of an infrarenal abdominal aortic, presented with acute complicated (paraplegia) Type B aortic dissection. He successfully underwent endovascular repair of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. Following the procedure, the neurological manifestations resolved. As he had a concomitant aneurysm of the right hypogastric artery (HGA), we executed a 10-minute balloon occlusion of this artery with evoked potential measurements to assess the risk of spinal cord ischemia after exclusion of the right HGA. The examination was interpreted as negative, and we proceeded with coil embolization of the right HGA and subsequent placement of an endograft landing distally within the external iliac artery. The postoperative course was totally uneventful, and the patient was discharged home 4 days after the operation. Computed tomography angiography follow-up at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months showed patency of all endografts without any signs of endoleak and effective remodeling of the descending thoracic aorta with volume reduction of the false lumen.
Effects of Sex on Early Outcome following Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: Results from The Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD)
Authors: Chemtob Raphaelle A. , Hjortdal Vibeke , Ahlsson Anders , Gunn Jarmo , Mennander Ari , Zindovic Igor , Olsson Christian , Pivodic Aldina , Hansson Emma C. , Jeppsson Anders , Geirsson Arnar , Gudbjartsson Tomas
Published: July 2019

Background Female sex is known to have increased perioperative mortality in cardiac surgery. Studies reporting effects of sex on outcome following surgical repair for acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) have been limited by small cohorts of heterogeneous patient populations and have shown diverging results. This study aimed to compare perioperative characteristics, operative management, and postoperative outcome between sexes in a large and well-defined cohort of patients operated for ATAAD.

Methods The Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection study included patients with surgical repair of ATAAD at eight Nordic centers between January 2005 and December 2014. Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

Results Females represented 373 (32%) out of 1,154 patients and were significantly older (65 ± 11 vs. 60 ± 12 years, p < 0.001), had lower body mass index (25.8 ± 5.4 vs. 27.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2, p < 0.001), and had more often a history of hypertension (59% vs. 48%, p = 0.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (8% vs. 4%, p = 0.033) compared with males. More females presented with DeBakey class II as compared with males with dissection of the ascending aorta alone (33.4% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.003). Hypothermic cardiac arrest time (28 ± 16 vs. 31 ± 19 minutes, p = 0.026) and operation time (345 ± 133 vs. 374 ± 135 minutes, p < 0.001) were shorter among females. There was no difference between the sexes in unadjusted intraoperative death (9.1% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.17) or 30-day mortality (17.7% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.99). In a multivariable analysis including perioperative factors influencing mortality, no difference was found between females and males in 30-day mortality (odds ratio: 0.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.62–1.38, p = 0.69).

Conclusions This study found no association between sex and early mortality following surgery for ATAAD, despite females being older and having more comorbidities, yet also presenting with a less widespread dissection than males.
Nineteenth-Century Homeopathic Repertories Predict Increased Urinary Excretion of Bile in Cholestasis but Not in Non-Cholestatic Infant Jaundice
Authors: Block Janice
Published: July 2019

Introduction There are two types of bilirubin: conjugated bilirubin, prevalent in cholestatic jaundice, and unconjugated bilirubin, prevalent in hematologic jaundice. Conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and is excreted in urine, whereas unconjugated bilirubin is neither water soluble nor excreted in urine. Homeopathic repertories published prior to the discovery of the two types of bilirubin in 1913 present an opportunity to test the reliability of homeopathic repertories and associated materia medica. If procedures involved in the collecting of homeopathic observations are reliable, then in repertories published prior to 1913, medicines listed for cholestatic jaundice should exhibit a stronger association with urine bile than medicines listed for hematologic jaundice.

Materials and Methods In three repertories published prior to 1913, medicines associated with jaundice were further classified into groups labeled “Cholestatic” or “Infant, mostly hematologic”. Medicines were identified as “Cholestatic” if associated with both white/clay-colored stool and liver/gallbladder symptoms. Medicines were identified as “Infant, mostly hematologic” if associated with infant jaundice without meeting criteria for the “Cholestatic” group. Controls were medicines appearing in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura. Each category was assessed for green urine—usually reflective of bile in urine.

Results In Knerr's repertory, the “Cholestatic” group demonstrated a significantly greater association with green urine than controls (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test), whereas the “Infant, mostly hematologic” group did not differ significantly from controls. For Lippe's and Boenninghausen's repertories, statistical significance was not demonstrated. Across repertories, the overall weighted pooled odds ratio (OR) demonstrated significance in the association between the “Cholestatic” group and green urine (OR, 2.384; 95% confidence interval, 1.234 to 4.607), whereas the “Infant, mostly hematologic” group was similar to that of controls (OR, 0.754; 95% confidence interval, 0.226 to 2.514).

Conclusions Based on the presence or absence of bile in the urine, homeopathic repertories from the 19th century can distinguish between disease processes involving conjugated bilirubin and disease processes involving unconjugated bilirubin.
Tumor Response Criteria in Oncoimaging: RECIST Criteria and beyond—Part 1
Authors: Rastogi Ashita , Baheti Akshay D. , Patra Anurima , Tirumani Sree Harsha
Published: July 2019

The rapid recent advances in oncology have made the dream of precision oncology a reality, with targeted therapy available for various tumors depending on the molecular genotype. This has led to the corresponding development of personalized radiology as well, with various tumor response criteria used to characterize disease response/progression depending on chemotherapy used. In these two review articles, we review the various tumor response criteria widely applied in both research and clinical settings. These include the classic size-based criteria such as RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) 1.1 and the WHO (World Health Organization) criteria, as also various other criteria such as Choi and modified Choi criteria for tumors treated by targeted therapy, EASL and modified RECIST (mRECIST) criteria for hepatocellular carcinomas, and immune-related response criteria (irRC) and immune RECIST (iRECIST) for patients on immunotherapy. Other clinically important criteria such as PERCIST (PET Response Criteria In Solid Tumors) for positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) and the MD Anderson criteria for evaluating bone metastases are also highlighted.
Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS): Clinical Application of Quantitative Analysis of Thrombus Formation in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kaikita Koichi , Hosokawa Kazuya , Dahlen Jeffrey R. , Tsujita Kenichi
Published: July 2019

Various antithrombotic agents are clinically used to inhibit the cascade of arterial or venous thrombosis in cardiovascular diseases. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors is prescribed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely used for the prevention or treatment of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism. However, there has been no definitive tool to simultaneously monitor the antithrombotic effects of these drugs. The Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS), a microchip-based flow chamber system that mimics in vivo conditions for evaluating whole blood thrombogenicity, was developed for the quantitative analysis of thrombus formation in whole blood specimens. The utility of T-TAS has been evaluated in CAD patients treated with antiplatelet therapies. The T-TAS PL chip area under the flow pressure curve (AUC) accurately assesses primary hemostasis and is sensitive to the therapeutic effects of various antiplatelet therapies. In addition, low AUC results are a significant predictor of periprocedural bleeding events in CAD patients undergoing PCI. The T-TAS AR chip AUC result is useful for assessing the efficacy of DOACs and warfarin in AF patients undergoing catheter ablation, and it is also a potential independent predictor of periprocedural bleeding events and avoidance of thrombosis in patients having undergone total knee arthroplasty. In conclusion, T-TAS is a useful index for evaluating the total antithrombotic effects of combination antithrombotic agents in patients with various cardiovascular diseases.
Beam steering based on coordinate transformation of Fermat spiral configurations
Authors: Vasantharajan G. , Yogesh N. , Subramanian V.
Published: July 2019

A two-dimensional transformational electromagnetic (T-E) device formed by configuring a circular disc with a Fermat spiral is realized. By tuning the phase of the emanating wave in the T-E medium, antenna switching and beam steering are made possible. To simplify the permittivity and permeability tensors of the proposed T-E device, a gradient index approach is employed using purely dielectric material, which is then realized using photonic crystals. The results are verified numerically using full wave simulations.
Impacts of the substrate stiffness on the anti-wear performance of graphene
Authors: Yao Quanzhou , Qi Yizhou , Zhang Ji , Zhang Shuai , Zhao Pei , Wang Hongtao , Feng Xi-Qiao , Li Qunyang
Published: July 2019

Owing to its excellent mechanical and tribological properties, graphene has been proposed to be a promising atomically-thin solid lubricant for engineering applications. However, as a typical two-dimensional (2D) material, graphene has an exceptionally high surface-to-volume ratio and is very susceptible to the surrounding environments. By performing nanoscale scratch tests on graphene deposited on four different substrates, we have shown that the anti-wear performance of graphene, characterized by the maximum load carrying capacity, is not an intrinsic material property. Instead, its value is significantly affected by the stiffness the substrates: Stiffer substrate typically results in a higher load carrying capacity. As revealed by finite element simulations, stiffer substrate can effectively share the normal load and reduce the in-plane stress of graphene by limiting graphene deformation, which enhances the overall load carrying capacity. In addition to the load sharing mechanism, the experimental results also suggest that the frictional shear stress during scratch tests may facilitate wear of graphene by lowering its equivalent strength. The deformation mechanism of graphene/substrate systems revealed in this work provides guidelines for optimizing the mechanical performance of 2D materials for a wide range of tribological applications.
Graphene oxide-molybdenum oxide composite with improved hole transport in bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Aatif Md. , Patel Jessica , Sharma Abhishek , Chauhan Mihirsinh , Kumar Gaurav , Pal Prabir , Chand Suresh , Tripathi Brijesh , Pandey Manoj Kumar , Tiwari J. P.
Published: July 2019

Solution processed hole transport layer based on graphene oxide (GO) and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) composite in bulk heterojunction organic solar cell (OSC) devices offer low cost, improved performance compared to conventional organic solar cells. Here, we have made a study comparing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of this composite to the pristine GO and MoO3 as a hole transport layer in the organic photovoltaics. The devices with the composite shows optimized performance with PCE of ∼ 5.1%, while the pristine GO and MoO3 display 1.59% and 2.5%, respectively. These differences are attributed to the lower short circuit current (Jsc) and thereby lower fill factor (FF) with respect to the GO and MoO3. Nevertheless, the composite based devices exhibits improved optical absorption and photoluminescence quenching as compared to pristine interface layer. This study intends to highlight efficient modulation of the interface barrier of hole transport layer which allow us to give faster transport and extraction of the charge carrier efficiently at the electrodes.
In-situ etch-depth control better than 5 nm with reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) equipment during reactive ion etching (RIE): A technical RAS application
Authors: Doering Christoph , Strassner Johannes , Fouckhardt Henning
Published: July 2019

A measurement technique, i.e. reflectance anisotropy/difference spectroscopy (RAS/RDS), which had originally been developed for in-situ epitaxial growth control, is employed here for in-situ real-time etch-depth control during reactive ion etching (RIE) of cubic crystalline III/V semiconductor samples. Temporal optical Fabry-Perot oscillations of the genuine RAS signal (or of the average reflectivity) during etching due to the ever shrinking layer thicknesses are used to monitor the current etch depth. This way the achievable in-situ etch-depth resolution has been around 15 nm. To improve etch-depth control even further, i.e. down to below 5 nm, we now use the optical equivalent of a mechanical vernier scale– by employing Fabry-Perot oscillations at two different wavelengths or photon energies of the RAS measurement light – 5% apart, which gives a vernier scale resolution of 5%. For the AlGaAs(Sb) material system a 5 nm resolution is an improvement by a factor of 3 and amounts to a precision in in-situ etch-depth control of around 8 lattice constants.
Hydrogen concentration at a-Si:H/c-Si heterointerfaces—The impact of deposition temperature on passivation performance
Authors: Gotoh Kazuhiro , Wilde Markus , Kato Shinya , Ogura Shohei , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Fukutani Katsuyuki , Usami Noritaka
Published: July 2019

We studied the effect of deposition temperature on the hydrogen distribution and the passivation performance of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) coated crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunctions as a model of high efficiency solar cell structures. Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) was employed to obtain hydrogen depth profiles of the heterojunctions prepared at temperatures from 80 to 180 °C. The implied open circuit voltage (i-VOC) and carrier lifetime monotonically increased with increasing deposition temperature in the as-deposited samples. NRA clarified that the hydrogen concentration (CH) at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface and in the a-Si:H layer decreased with deposition temperature. The hydrogen concentration around the interface was roughly 3 × 1021 cm-3 for the sample deposited at 180 °C. The NRA results are supplemented by optical constants obtained with spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). At higher growth temperature, larger refractive indices and extinction coefficients were confirmed by SE analysis, suggesting that fewer hydrogen atoms are incorporated into the a-Si:H layers prepared at higher growth temperature. Furthermore, the passivation performance was enhanced by post deposition annealing (PDA) at 200 °C for 30 min. No significant change of the hydrogen distribution and optical constants was observed after PDA, suggesting that improved passivation is due to a local rearrangement of hydrogen at the molecular level that results in enhanced hydrogenation of dangling bonds.