bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical Squamous Cells: Cytopathological Findings and Correlation with HPV Genotype and Histopathology
Authors: Oliveira Geilson Gomes de , Oliveira Judite Maria da Silva Costa de , Eleutério Renata Mirian Nunes , Barbosa Rita de Cássia Carvalho , Almeida Paulo Roberto Carvalho de , Eleutério Jr. José
Published: June 2018

Objective: We aimed to assess potential associations between atypical squamous cell (ASC) subgroups: ASC-US (undetermined significance) and ASC-H (cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), regarding cytomorphological features, high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and histological outcomes in a sample of Brazilian women. Study Design: Cross-sectional study which evaluated 1,346 liquid-based cytologies between January 2010 and July 2016 with ASC results. ASC-US and ASC-H were analyzed for frequency, diagnostic criteria, and cytological findings and compared with HR-HPV tests and histological outcomes. Results: Enlarged nucleus was the most frequent ASC-US criterion, but alternative criteria were present in 20% of the total cases. No ASC-US criteria were associated with histological outcomes or HR-HPV positivity. Parakeratosis, corneal pearl, giant cells, and binucleation were strongly associated with ASC-US while hyperkeratosis was associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or a superior outcome. HR-HPV was positive in 64.39% of ASC-US and 65.38% of ASC-H. HSIL or superior outcomes also occurred in 13.33% of ASC-US and 64.71% of ASC-H cases. Conclusion: Alternative criteria for ASC-US were relatively frequent. Reactive cellular changes suggestive of atypias were more abundant in ASC-US. Although ASC-H is associated with worse histological outcomes, no differences in HPV positivity were found in comparison to ASC-US.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Cytology for the Diagnosis of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancers
Authors: Al-Hajeili Marwan , Alqassas Maryam , Alomran Astabraq , Batarfi Bashaer , Basunaid Bashaer , Alshail Reem , Alaydarous Shahad , Bokhary Rana , Mosli Mahmoud
Published: June 2018

Objective: Although cytology testing is considered a valuable method to diagnose tumors that are difficult to access such as hepato-biliary-pancreatic (HBP) malignancies, its diagnostic accuracy remains unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of cytology testing for HBP tumors. Study Design: We performed a retrospective study of all cytology samples that were used to confirm radiologically detected HBP tumors between 2002 and 2016. The cytology techniques used in our center included fine needle aspiration (FNA), brush cytology, and aspiration of bile. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated in comparison to histological confirmation. Results: From a total of 133 medical records, we calculated an overall sensitivity of 76%, specificity of 74%, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.30, and a positive likelihood ratio of 2.9. Cytology was more accurate in diagnosing lesions of the liver (sensitivity 79%, specificity 57%) and biliary tree (sensitivity 100%, specificity 50%) compared to pancreatic (sensitivity 60%, specificity 83%) and gallbladder lesions (sensitivity 50%, specificity 85%). Cytology was more accurate in detecting primary cancers (sensitivity 77%, specificity 73%) when compared to metastatic cancers (sensitivity 73%, specificity 100%). FNA was the most frequently used cytological technique to diagnose HBP lesions (sensitivity 78.8%). Conclusion: Cytological testing is efficient in diagnosing HBP cancers, especially for hepatobiliary tumors. Given its relative simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and paucity of alternative diagnostic methods, cytology should still be considered as a first-line tool for diagnosing HBP malignancies.
Subtotal Occlusion of Left Anterior Coronary Artery in a Professional Athlete
Authors: Stamatopoulos Panagiotis G. , Dangas George , Tsarouhas Konstantinos , Ziogas George , Tsitsimpikou Christina , Stamatopoulos Georgios , Chrousos George
Published: June 2018

Screening for cardiovascular disease in athletes is crucial to avoid life-threatening complications. Here, we present the case of a fairly asymptomatic young professional soccer player with several cardiovascular risk factors, who proved to have significant coronary artery disease on coronary computed tomography which was ordered based on clinical suspicion and his family history. Informed consent for publication was obtained from the patient.
Ocular Basidiobolomycosis: A Case Report
Authors: Tananuvat Napaporn , Supalaset Sumet , Niparugs Muanploy , Chongkae Siriporn , Vanittanakom Nongnuch
Published: June 2018

Background: Ocular basidiobolomycosis is an unusual infection caused by fungus of the order Entomophthorales. This fungus has been previously reported as a common cause of skin, subcutaneous, and gastrointestinal tract infection. The fungus isolation and its typical characteristics are clues for diagnosis of this uncommon pathogen. Case Report: A 47-year-old male patient with nodular scleritis in the left eye after an eye injury from sawdust was treated as bacterial scleritis. The lesion improved with early surgical drainage and antibacterial therapy; then, he was discharged from the hospital. Thereafter, the patient was re-admitted due to progression of infectious scleritis with keratitis and orbital cellulitis. Surgical abscess drainage was performed again. The microbiological study demonstrated Basidiobolus ranarum. The patient was treated with topical ketoconazole, subconjunctival fluconazole injection, and oral itraconazole with partial response to the treatment. However, the patient eventually denied any further treatment and did not return for follow-up. Conclusions: B. ranarum is a rare pathogen of ocular infection in which a definite diagnosis requires isolation of the causative organism. Delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment can lead to extension of the infection and poor outcomes.
Patient’s Skeletal Muscle Radiation Attenuation and Sarcopenic Obesity are Associated with Postoperative Morbidity after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation and Resection for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Berkel Annefleur E.M. , Klaase Joost M. , de Graaff Feike , Brusse-Keizer Marjolein G.J. , Bongers Bart C. , van Meeteren Nico L.U.
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: To investigate the relation between skeletal muscle measurements (muscle mass, radiation attenuation, and sarcopenic obesity), postoperative morbidity, and survival after treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: This explorative retrospective study identified 99 consecutive patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery between January 2007 and May 2012. Skeletal muscle mass was measured as total psoas area and total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) at 3 anatomical levels using the patient’s preoperative computed tomography scan. Radiation attenuation was measured using corresponding mean Hounsfield units for TAMA. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as body mass index above 25 kg·m–2 combined with skeletal muscle mass index below the sex-specific median. Postoperative complications were graded by using the ­Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: Twenty-five patients (25.3%) developed a grade 3–5 complication. Lower radiation attenuation was independently associated with overall (p = 0.003) and grade 3–5 complications (p = 0.002). Sarcopenic obesity was associated with overall complications (all p < 0.05). Skeletal muscle measurements and survival were not significantly related. Conclusion: Radiation attenuation was associated with overall and grade 3–5 postoperative morbidity after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and non-laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer. Sarcopenic obesity was associated with overall complications.
Paraneoplastic Seronegative Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma Responds to Rituximab: A Case Report
Authors: Kancharla Pragnan , Surapaneni B.K. , Goldfinger M. , Hennrick K. , Ozeri David J.
Published: June 2018

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) play an important role in the pathogenesis of pauci-immune renal vasculitis. However, in 10% of the cases, ANCA are absent. We present a case of a 64-year-old man with a chronic untreated hepatitis C virus infection and Middle Eastern thalassemia who was ANCA-negative when he was hospitalized due to acute kidney injury and accounts for an uncommon presentation of renal vasculitis. The patient had earlier reported to have undergone local lobectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy (carboplatin/pemetrexed) for lung adenocarcinoma a month prior. IL-6 has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiological cascade causing pauci-immune glomerulonephritis amongst non-small cell lung cancer patients. Previous studies with subgroup analysis have demonstrated that ANCA negativity has been associated with more chronic glomerular lesions and less crescent formation, which tends to have a critical outcome in the renal system. However, our patient underwent kidney biopsy exhibiting active crescentic glomerulonephritis, pauci-immune type with 5 cellular crescents amongst 15 glomeruli. To our knowledge, this is the third reported case of ANCA-negative vasculitis with typical presentation on biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Pigmented Epithelioid Melanocytoma (Animal Types of Melanoma) on the Nose
Authors: Ohuchi Kentaro , Fujimura Taku , Kambayashi Yumi , Tono Hisayuki , Ohtake Eika , Hashimoto Akira , Aiba Setsuya
Published: June 2018

Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM), also known as an animal-type melanoma, is a distinctive group of melanocytic tumors with a more favorable prognosis than conventional melanoma. Since tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) extend in the premetastatic lymph nodes in several cancers, we hypothesized that the lower rate of lymph node metastasis in PEM might be correlated with the phenotypes of TAMs. Therefore, in this report, we further investigate the subpopulation of TAMs in PEM, revealing that the main population of TAMs in histiocytic lesion is CD163+CD206+PD-L1+ M2-polarized macrophages. In addition, since the PD-L1-expressing CD205+ dendritic cells are also detected in histiocytic lesions, the PD-L1-expressing TAMs and dendritic cells might suggest favorable prognostic factors in patients with PEM.
Hürthle Cell Carcinoma in a Lingual Thyroid
Authors: Thakur Jagdeep S. , Verma Naina , Singh Riya
Published: June 2018

Objective: To present a case of lingual thyroid Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC). Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 37-year-old female presented with dysphagia and recurrent haemorrhage. Histopathology was suggestive of HCC; the tumour was excised by the trans-glossal approach which provided adequate exposure and helped avert external scarring or mandibular osteotomy. Histopathology showed a tumour-positive right lateral resection margin. This prompted referral to nuclear medicine for radio-iodine ablation. Conclusion: Lingual thyroid cases should be followed up closely and fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be considered when in doubt.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Older Patients With Gout Initiating Febuxostat Versus Allopurinol
Authors: Zhang MaryAnn , Solomon Daniel H. , Desai Rishi J. , Kang Eun Ha , Liu Jun , Neogi Tuhina , Kim Seoyoung C.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Hyperuricemia and gout are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, allopurinol and febuxostat, are the mainstay of urate-lowering treatment for gout and may have different effects on cardiovascular risk in patients with gout.

Methods:

Using US Medicare claims data (2008–2013), we conducted a cohort study for comparative cardiovascular safety of initiating febuxostat versus allopurinol among patients with gout ≥65 years of age. The primary outcome was a composite end point of hospitalization for myocardial infarction or stroke. Secondary outcomes were individual end points of hospitalization for myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, new and recurrent heart failure, and all-cause mortality. We used propensity score matching with a ratio of 1:3 to control for confounding. We estimated incidence rates and hazard ratios for primary and secondary outcomes in the propensity score–matched cohorts of febuxostat and allopurinol initiators.

Results:

We included 24 936 febuxostat initiators propensity score–matched to 74 808 allopurinol initiators. The median age was 76 years, 52% were male, and 12% had cardiovascular disease at baseline. The incidence rate per 100 person-years for the primary outcome was 3.43 in febuxostat and 3.36 in allopurinol initiators. The hazard ratio for the primary outcome was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.94–1.08) in the febuxostat group compared with the allopurinol group. Risk of secondary outcomes including all-cause mortality was similar in both groups, except for a modestly decreased risk of heart failure exacerbation (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99) in febuxostat initiators. The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality associated with long-term use of febuxostat (>3 years) was 1.25 (95% CI, 0.56–2.80) versus allopurinol. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses consistently showed similar cardiovascular risk in both groups.

Conclusions:

Among a cohort of 99 744 older Medicare patients with gout, overall there was no difference in the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, new-onset heart failure, coronary revascularization, or all-cause mortality between patients initiating febuxostat compared with allopurinol. However, there seemed to be a trend toward an increased, albeit not statistically significant, risk for all-cause mortality in patients who used febuxostat for >3 years versus allopurinol for >3 years. The risk of heart failure exacerbation was slightly lower in febuxostat initiators.
Seasonal changes in the protein profile and enzyme activity of the epididymal luminal fluid in the lizard, Eutropis carinata (Schneider, 1801)
Authors: Medini R. , Bhagya M. , Samson S.
Published: June 2018

The epididymis of the male reproductive system is known to be involved in sperm maturation via the production of polypeptides, glycoproteins, surface proteins, enzymes and other factors. During the annual reproductive cycle, the epididymis of the lizardEutropis carinataundergoes dramatic changes, both morphologically and biochemically, that occur in a well-organized sequence. The present study reveals the sequential changes that occur in the production and concentration of proteins in the epididymal luminal fluid throughout the annual reproductive cycle. A one-dimensional electrophoretic profile of the epididymal luminal proteins revealed a total of 18 bands in the regenerative phase, 22 bands during breeding and 17 bands in the post-breeding as well as regressed phases of the reproductive cycle. By two-dimensional electrophoresis, the protein complexes that are unique to the breeding phase were further resolved based on their pI and the molecular weight of each protein of the protein complex was determined. This is the first study to observe that proteins that are present during the reproductively inactive phase disappear during the reproductively active phase. The Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) test for protein profiles revealed the presence of proteins with a carbohydrate moiety. Certain enzymes, such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, andα-glucosidase, are highly sensitive to seasonal changes and their activity parallels the production of the epididymal proteins. This study provides evidence for androgen-dependent cyclical changes in the pattern of protein profiles and enzyme activity of the epididymal lumen in the lizardE. carinata.
Ethical Dilemmas of Back-Channel Diplomacy: Necessary Secrecy or a Secret Foreign Policy?
Authors: Jones Peter
Published: June 2018

Back-channel diplomacy allows participants to hold dialogues with actors with whom they are not prepared to talk openly. The secrecy of back channels can, however, permit a small elite to escape oversight and scrutiny to achieve unaccountable aims. This article examines the ethical dilemmas raised by the secrecy of back channels. It seeks to develop some practical ‘tests’ that can be used to ask whether a back channel is straying, or has strayed, into dangerous ethical territory. The article advances three such tests for further development, but also concludes that they cannot be ‘absolute’; the context in which a back channel operates is the key variable.
From the Ashes
Authors: Lindquist Thea , Hacken Richard
Published: June 2018

In 2004, fire struck the Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek (HAAB) in Weimar. The fire particularly affected its seventeenth-century collections, among them rich holdings of works associated with the Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft, the foremost seventeenth-century German cultural society. This article investigates the impact of the blaze, looking back over the decade that has elapsed since the event. Among the questions investigated are: what are the numbers of lost, damaged, and surviving volumes? What are the effects on the scholarly research community? How successful has the HAAB been in replacing lost Society editions? What roles have the HAAB’s duplicates and restoration efforts played in the editions’ continued accessibility? How has, in sum, the significance of the library’s Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft holdings been altered due to the damage inflicted by an early twenty-first century disaster?
Arthoniaceae with reddish, K+ purple ascomata in Japan
Authors: FRISCH ANDREAS , GRUBE MARTIN , KASHIWADANI HIROYUKI , OHMURA YOSHIHITO
Published: June 2018

Arthonia sanguinaria is described as new to science. The East Asian Arthonia lopingensis and the widely distributed Arthonia picea are reported as new to Japan from Honshu and the Ogasawara Islands, respectively. The phylogenetic position of A. picea, A. sanguinaria and Coniocarpon cinnabarinum from the Ogasawara Islands is shown by RAxML and Bayesian analysis of mtSSU, nLSU and RPB2 sequence data. Our results confirm the polyphyletic origin of quinoid pigments in Arthoniaceae. A key is presented to the Arthoniaceae with reddish ascomata in Japan.
Vamsapriya yunnana, a new species of Vamsapriya (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) associated with bamboo from Yunnan, China
Authors: JIANG HONG-BO , PHOOKAMSAK RUNGTIWA , BHAT DARBHE JAYARAMA , KHAN SEHROON , BAHKALI ALI , ELGORBAN ABDALLAH , HYDE KEVIN
Published: June 2018

Vamsapriya yunnana sp. nov., collected from dead bamboo in Yunnan Province of China, is described and illustrated in this paper. The new taxon is characterized by synnematous conidiophores, with enteroblastic, monotretic conidiogenous cells and brown to dark brown, 4–9-septate, fusiform conidia with a long, apical, appendage-like region. The species differs from the type and other species in the genus in having a wider fertile region and rostrate apex of the conidia. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of a combined ITS, LSU and RPB2 DNA sequence dataset show that V. yunnana is a new species, belonging to the genus Vamsapriya in Xylariaceae.
And now for something completely different—new names in Clinopodium with comments on some types
Authors: BRÄUCHLER CHRISTIAN
Published: June 2018

New combinations are proposed in Old World Clinopodium replacing the names currently in use for the following taxa: C. album for “C. thymifolium”, C. brevifolium for C. insulare, C. italicum for Micromeria marifolia var. italica. Clinopodium × hostii is proposed as the correct name for Clinomicromeria × hostii. Notes on typification for several other taxa are provided.
Hieracia balcanica XV. Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Hieracium pilosissimum and H. divaricatum, with remarks on the H. heldreichii aggregate (Asteraceae)
Authors: SZELĄG ZBIGNIEW
Published: June 2018

The original material of Hieracium pilosissimum Friv. nom. illeg. is heterogeneous and includes the type of H. divaricatum. Contrary to previous opinions, Hieracium pilosissimum is found conspecific with H. olympicum, whereas H. divaricatum may have originated as the result of hybridization between H. petrovae and H. racemosum. Earlier confusion caused the misuse of the name H. sect. Pilosissima for hybridogenous taxa between principal species of H. sect. Pannosa and species belonging to other sections. Hieracium pilosissimum is lectotypified using a specimen held at W. Hieracium cappadocicum var. congestum is synonymised with H. cappadocicum. Hieracium olympicum var. jankae is synonymised with H. olympicum and lectotypified. Hieracium rumelicum is synonymised with H. divaricatum and lectotypified. Hieracium thessalum, as morphologically intermediate between H. pannosum s. lat. and H. sparsum, is excluded from the H. heldreichii aggregate and lectotypified.
Alpheus naranjo, a new brightly coloured snapping shrimp from the Caribbean coast of Panama (Malacostraca, Decapoda, Alpheidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR
Published: June 2018

A new snapping shrimp is described based on several specimens collected on a shallow coral reef off Isla Popa in Bocas del Toro, on the Caribbean coast of Panama. All specimens of Alpheus naranjo sp. nov. were extracted from dead colonies of the thin-leaf lettuce coral, Agaricia tenuifolia Dana, at a depth of about 2 m. Based on its morphological characteristics, the new species belongs to a small species complex that also includes A. blachei Crosnier & Forest, 1965 from the tropical eastern Atlantic, and A. felgenhaueri Kim & Abele, 1988 and A. confusus Carvacho, 1989, both from the tropical eastern Pacific. Alpheus naranjo sp. nov. can be separated from all of them by the relatively longer fingers of the minor chela, which are devoid of balaeniceps setae, as well as some other morphological details. In the western Atlantic, A. naranjo sp. nov. is the only large uniformly orange-red snapping shrimp, hence its proposed new name. The colour patterns of A. blachei and A. confusus are illustrated for the first time.
Taxonomic review of the genus Urostylis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Urostylididae) from the Korean Peninsula, with description of a new species
Authors: KIM JUNGGON , ROCA-CUSACHS MARCOS , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: June 2018

The genus Urostylis is reviewed taxonomically with description of a new species Urostylis koreana sp. nov. from the Korean Peninsula. Descriptions, diagnoses and a key to the Korean Urostylis species are presented with photographs and illustrations.
Rove beetles collected with carrion traps (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Quercus forest of Cerro de García, Jalisco and Quercus, Quercus-pine, and pine forests in other jurisdictions of Mexico
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ WILLIAM DAVID , NAVARRETE-HEREDIA JOSÉ LUIS , KLIMASZEWSKI JAN
Published: June 2018

We present the species diversity of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) collected with carrion baited traps in Quercus forests of Cerro de García, Jalisco, and provide a compilation of published species records in Quercus, Quercus-pine and pine forests in other jurisdictions of Mexico. This work includes taxonomic notes, information on species phenology, distribution, and their occurrence in Cerro de García (if applicable), and other jurisdictions of Mexico. In Cerro de García, 75 species were collected in total, of which 16 are shared with other Quercus forests in different locations, and 9 species are provided with new habitat data. The remaining individuals were only determined to morphospecies. In Mexico, there are 77 known species of rove beetles collected with carrion traps (determined to species or near species) and recorded from Quercus, Quercus-pine and pine forests. These species belong to 30 genera, 11 tribes and 10 subfamilies. This study provides biological information on Mexican rove beetles captured with carrion traps and highlights the importance of rove beetles as indicator species of habitat change for conservation analysis, forestry, agronomy and forensic sciences studies.
Water striders (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) of Romania with an update on the distribution of Gerris gibbifer and G. maculatus in southeastern Europe
Authors: BERCHI GAVRIL MARIUS , CIANFERONI FABIO , CSABAI ZOLTÁN , DAMGAARD JAKOB , OLOSUTEAN HOREA , ILIE DANIELA MINODORA , BODA PÁL , KMENT PETR
Published: June 2018

The Romanian fauna comprises two species of Aquarius Schellenberg, 1800, eight species of Gerris Fabricius, 1794 and one species of Limnoporus Stål, 1868, and we hereby update the distribution and provide insights on the phenology and ecology of all eleven species in this country. We furthermore update the distribution of the two closely related species Gerris gibbifer Schummel, 1832 and G. maculatus Tamanini, 1946 in southeastern Europe. Gerris maculatus is recorded for the first time from Hungary, Montenegro and Slovenia, and the first detailed localities from Romania and Serbia are given. All bibliographic records of G. gibbifer from Romania, Macedonia and Serbia are based on misidentification and this species is thus excluded from the faunal lists of these countries. Both G. gibbifer and G. maculatus occur in Croatia, Hungary, Ukraine, and probably Slovenia.
A new species of Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) from French Guiana, with new records of Gerromorpha from the country
Authors: DA MOTTA FLÁVIA SOUZA , MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO , CRUMIÈRE ANTONIN JEAN JOHAN , SANTOS MARIA EMÍLIA , KHILA ABDERRAHMAN
Published: June 2018

Rhagovelia apuruaque sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae), from the commune of Régina, French Guiana, is described, illustrated, and compared with species of the salina group. Brachymetra albinervus (Amyot & Serville, 1843), B. lata Shaw, 1933, Limnogonus ignotus Drake & Harris, 1934, Neogerris lubricus (White, 1879), Rheumatobates crassifemur esakii Schroeder, 1931 (Gerridae), Mesovelia mulsanti White, 1879 (Mesoveliidae), Microvelia longipes Uhler, 1894, M. mimula White, 1879, M. pulchella Westwood, 1834, R. humboldti Polhemus, 1997, and S. transversa (Hungerford, 1929) (Veliidae) are recorded for the first time from French Guiana. The presence of Tachygerris adamsoni (Drake, 1942) (Gerridae) in the country is confirmed. New records are presented for the following species previously reported from the study area: B. shawi Hungerford & Matsuda, 1957, Cylindrostethus palmaris Drake & Harris, 1934, L. hyalinus (Fabricius, 1803) (Gerridae), Husseyella turmalis (Drake & Harris, 1933), Paravelia bullialata Polhemus & Polhemus, 1984, and Stridulivelia strigosa (Hungerford, 1929) (Veliidae).
Moribaetis brachiostrinus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), a new species of mayfly from Costa Rica
Authors: ROMERO DAVID , ESQUIVEL CARLOS
Published: June 2018

A new species of Moribaetis is described based on nymphs from the Nicoya peninsula. The new species can be distinguished from the other described species of the genus, among other characteristics, by its short antennae, strongly curved lateral branches of the epicranial suture, long mandibular incisors projected beyond labrum margin, violet-colored gills, and a distinctive triangular projection on paraproct. Moribaetis brachiostrinus, M. macaferti and M. salvini share certain characters that set them apart from M. maculipennis suggesting that the latter represents a separate branch within this genus. M. brachiostrinus has the lowest altitudinal distribution of the genus in Costa Rica and represents the first record of a Moribaetis occurring on the oldest emerged lands in the country. Comments on the age-related changes in the mandibular incisors and a key to mature nymph of Moribaetis species are also provided.
Finite Elements Used in the Vertical Discretization of the Fully Compressible Core of the ALADIN System
Authors: Vivoda Jozef , Smolíková Petra , Simarro Juan
Published: June 2018

The finite-element method with B splines is used for definition of vertical operators in the nonhydrostatic fully compressible dynamical core of the ALADIN system. It represents a generalization of the same method used in the hydrostatic dynamical core shared by the ALADIN system and the global forecast system ARPEGE/IFS. The method is shown to be robust enough in idealized academic tests and real simulations. Its theoretical superiority is shown when compared with the finite-difference method.
Calibration-Free Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) Image Analysis for Quantification of Trace Crystallinity Within Final Dosage Forms of Amorphous Solid Dispersions
Authors: Smith Casey J. , Dinh Janny , Schmitt Paul D. , Stroud Paul A. , Hinds Jeremy , Johnson Michael J. , Simpson Garth J.
Published: June 2018

A statistical model enables auto-calibration of second harmonic generation (SHG) images for quantifying trace crystallinity within amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) over a wide dynamic range of crystallinity. In this paper, we demonstrate particle-counting approaches for quantifying trace crystallinity, combined with analytical expressions correcting for particle overlap bias in higher crystallinity regimes to extend the continuous dynamic range of standard particle-counting algorithms through to the signal averaging regime. The reliability of the values recovered by these expressions was demonstrated with simulated data as well as experimental data obtained for an amorphous solid dispersion formulation containing evacetrapib, an Eli Lilly and Company compound. Since particle counting independently recovers the crystalline volume and the SHG intensity, the average SHG intensity per unit volume can be used as an internal calibrant for quantifying crystallinity at higher volume fractions, for which particle counting is no longer applicable.
Social and Economic Policies Matter for Health Equity: Conclusions of the SOPHIE Project
Authors: Malmusi Davide , Muntaner Carles , Borrell Carme ,   SOPHIE investigators, Suhrcke Marc , O’Campo Patricia , Julià Mireia , Melis Giulia , Palència Laia , Bosáková Lucia , Toffolutti Veronica , Bacigalupe Amaia , Mitchell Christiane , Freiler Alix , Vanroelen Christophe , Tarafa Gemma , Ollé-Espluga Laia , Sánchez Esther , Artazcoz Lucía , Vinberg Stig , Benach Joan , Gelormino Elena , Tabasso Matteo , Kunst Anton , Costa Giuseppe , Camprubí Lluís , Díaz Fernando , Bosch Jordi , Salvador María , Hagqvist Emma , Puig-Barrachina Vanessa , Pérez Glòria , Dzurova Dagmar , Belak Andrej
Published: June 2018

Since 2011, the SOPHIE project has accumulated evidence regarding the influence of social and economic policies on population health levels, as well as on health inequalities according to socioeconomic position, gender, and immigrant status. Through comparative analyses and evaluation case studies across Europe, SOPHIE has shown how these health inequalities vary according to contexts in macroeconomics, social protection, labor market, built environment, housing, gender equity, and immigrant integration and may be reduced by equity-oriented policies in these fields. These studies can help public health and social justice advocates to build a strong case for fairer social and economic policies that will lead to the reduction of health inequalities that most governments have included among their policy goals. In this article, we summarize the main findings and policy implications of the SOPHIE project and the lessons learned on civil society participation in research and results communication.
A Crisis Within a Crisis: The Extended Closure of an Opioid Treatment Program After Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Griffin Anne Reid , Der-Martirosian Claudia , Gable Alicia , Wyte-Lake Tamar , Dobalian Aram
Published: June 2018

Disruptions in opioid treatment programs (OTPs) are common after major disasters. Highly regulated OTPs confront challenges when responding to extended closures following disaster. Following Hurricane Sandy in 2012, an OTP located at the Manhattan Veteran Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) closed for 5 months. Semistructured interviews were conducted with clinicians and administrators who participated in the evacuation of the Manhattan VAMC, including the co-located OTP program. The Manhattan OTP preemptively dispensed emergency take-home methadone doses. Following closure, emergency guest-dosing arrangements were made for approximately 100 Veterans with Veterans Affairs (VA) and non-VA OTPs throughout New York City. Fortuitously, a retired VA OTP at another facility was reopened and accredited expeditiously. OTPs must improve contingencies for emergency response. However, disruptions in methadone delivery and threats to patient safety are likely to continue until agencies with oversight authority of OTPs describe specifications for emergency alternate care sites during long-term disaster recovery.
Measuring Social Class with Changing Occupational Classifications: Reliability, Competing Measurement Strategies, and the 1970–1980 U.S. Classification Divide
Authors: Mitnik Pablo A. , Cumberworth Erin
Published: June 2018

Periodic changes in occupational classifications make it difficult to obtain consistent measures of social class over time, potentially jeopardizing research on class-based trends. The severity of this problem depends, in part, on the measurement strategies used to address those changes. The authors propose that when a sample has been coded partly with one occupational classification and partly with another, Krippendorff’s index α be used to identify the best strategy for measuring class consistently across the two classifications and to assess the reliability of the class measure employed in the final analyses. This index can be computed regardless of the metric of the class variable; it can be used to compare measures based on different class schemes or that use different metrics; and statistical inference is straightforward, even with a complex sampling design. The authors put the index to work in conducting a case study of the effects of the switch from the 1970 to the 1980 U.S. Census Bureau Classification of Occupations on the reliability of Erikson–Goldthorpe–Portocarero class measures. Their findings indicate that measurement strategies that seem a priori equally reasonable vary substantially in terms of their reliability, and that the bulk of this variation is accounted for by the extent to which the strategies rely on subjective judgments about the relationships between occupational and class classifications. Most importantly, as long as the best-performing measurement strategies are used, the switch in occupational classifications appears to be substantially less consequential than has been previously argued. A computer program made available as a companion to the paper makes estimation of Krippendorff’s α, and statistical inference, very simple endeavors for nominal class variables.
Politicians at Arms: Civilian Recruitment of Soldiers for Middle East Coups
Authors: Kinney Drew Holland
Published: June 2018

Why would politicians recruit soldiers for military coups d’état? The civil–military relations literature assumes politicians aspire to supremacy over the military; enabling praetorianism would risk their future rule. While civil–military relations widely recognizes the empirical fact of civilian participation in military takeovers, no study specifies or theorizes the topic. This essay examines the conditions in which politicians recruit soldiers to seize power by investigating the understudied processes of military takeovers. Using British Foreign Office documents, Arabic language memoirs, and Polity data, I find that civilian statesmen in Iraq (1936) and Syria (1951) could not tolerate their civilian rivals’ incumbency but were unable to challenge them peacefully, so they recruited like-minded officers for coups. This suggests that while politicians do not necessarily want the army in the chambers, they sometimes favor praetorianism to the continued rule of their civilian opponents.
Non-fragile controller design of uncertain saturated polynomial fuzzy systems subjected to persistent bounded disturbance
Authors: Mardani Mohammad Mehdi , Vafamand Navid , Khooban Mohammad Hassan , Dragicevic Tomislav , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: June 2018

This paper investigates the problem of designing a non-fragile polynomial fuzzy controller for a class of polynomial fuzzy models subjected to persistent bounded disturbances and system uncertainty. The proposed controller is considered to satisfy the input saturation constraint. Furthermore, the resilient controller is affected by linear fractional uncertainties. The overall structure of the controller is obtained by the polynomial parallel distributed compensation concept. The sufficient conditions guarantee an L1 performance of the perturbed system and exponential stability of the non-perturbed system is achieved in terms of sum-of-squares decomposition conditions. Subsequently, the sum-of-squares-based conditions lead to minimization of the L1 performance such that the above-mentioned hard constraints on the control input and robustness of the closed-loop system against the system and controller uncertainties will be guaranteed. The controller gain matrices will be achieved by numerically solving the sum-of-squares-based conditions with the third-party MATLAB toolbox ‘SOSTOOLS’. Finally, extensive studies and hardware-in-the-loop simulations on a ball-and-beam system are presented, which illustrate the proposed controller can accurately and smoothly track the set point frequency. Furthermore, the proposed control approach is more robust over prior-art controllers for all the simulation scenarios.
Correlation among decreased regional cerebral oxygen saturation, blood levels of brain injury biomarkers, and cognitive disorder
Authors: Kumpaitiene Birute , Svagzdiene Milda , Drigotiene Ingrida , Sirvinskas Edmundas , Sepetiene Ramune , Zakelis Rolandas , Benetis Rimantas
Published: June 2018

Objective

This study was performed to investigate the correlation among decreased regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2), blood levels of brain injury biomarkers, and postoperative cognitive disorder (POCD) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methods

This prospective observational study included 59 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with CPB. All patients underwent neuropsychological tests (Mini Mental State Evaluation, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, digit span test, digit symbol substitution test, and Schulte table) the day before and 10 days after the surgery. The blood levels of two brain injury biomarkers, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were measured before and 1 day after the surgery.

Results

The rSO2 decreased during surgery in 21 (35%) patients. POCD was detected in 22 (37%) patients. After the surgery, no significant changes in the GFAP blood level occurred in any patients. No significant correlations were found among the decreased rSO2, increased NSE blood level, and rate of POCD.

Conclusion

These results suggest that a decrease in rSO2 during cardiac surgery is not necessarily related to the development of POCD or an increased blood level of the brain injury biomarker NSE.
Humid heat and climate change
Authors: Matthews Tom
Published: June 2018

Extreme heat events cause significant societal impacts, prompting much concern and research about possible changes to their frequency and intensity as the climate warms. However, to date, extremes in air temperature have been emphasised at the expense of ‘heat-humidity’ indices, measures which incorporate the effect of atmospheric latent heat content on heat stress and provide a more complete picture of the thermal environment for human thermoregulation. This progress report restores balance by reviewing recent developments in the understanding of how heat-humidity indices have changed, and may continue to, as the climate warms further. The literature indicates that a concurrent rise in temperature and absolute humidity has already increased the frequency of potentially deadly conditions, and has reduced labour potential worldwide. More serious consequences may result if mitigation efforts are unsuccessful. The energetic basis of a heat-humidity perspective has permitted researchers to identify, for example, that by the end of the century, substantial parts of the Earth’s surface may be too hot and humid for human thermoregulation. Such consequences are avoided for less pessimistic scenarios of climate warming, but the societal impacts may still be very severe, as densely-populated low-latitude environments emerge as particularly at risk when a humid heat perspective is adopted. Counter to air temperature, changes in mean heat-humidity indices are actually amongst the largest worldwide at lower latitudes, where only small increases in the mean may be required to substantially enhance the frequency of dangerous conditions. The report concludes by outlining areas requiring improved process understanding, and it highlights the urgent role for societal adaptation if the worst impacts from rising humid heat are to be avoided.
Henry Gannett
Authors: Whitesides Clayton J
Published: June 2018

Although Henry Gannett is best known as “the father of American map-making,” he made noteworthy contributions to timberline research in the late 1800s. Gannett’s studies attempted to identify a standard isotherm for alpine timberline in the USA, explained the mass elevation effect on timberline altitude in the Rocky Mountains, and recognized the importance of geology and geomorphology as controlling factors. Despite these contributions, Gannett’s timberline work remains in obscurity. As technology enhances our ability to find and cite older literature, the contributions of Gannett, and other unknown scholars, may provide us with insight and useful data that have lain dormant for decades or centuries.
Preparation of a monodisperse poly (N-phenylmaleimide–acrylonitrile–styrene) structural nanolatex for heat-resistant modification of PVC
Authors: Wang Jin , Qiu Hua , Cheng Bo , Zhang Fan , Qi Shuhua
Published: June 2018

A monodisperse poly ( N-phenylmaleimide–acrylonitrile–styrene) (PNAS) nanolatex was synthesized via seed microemulsion polymerization. The obtained PNAS nanolatex was then directly used as an organic nanofiller to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/PNAS hybrid composite through water blending and melt compounding. The characteristics of PNAS nanolatex were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic laser lighting scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). FTIR and elemental analysis confirmed the formation of PNAS copolymer with high monomers conversion; meanwhile, for the PNAS nanoparticles, the morphology of a well-defined core–shell spherical structure with average diameter ranging from 156 nm to 249 nm was observed. DSC analysis and TGA indicated that both polymers had excellent compatibility, and the corresponding heat resistance of PVC was greatly improved with the addition of PNAS. When PNAS loading was 50 wt%, the glass transition temperature value of PVC/PNAS hybrid composite was increased by 22.4°C, compared with that of pristine PVC. The mechanical properties of the PVC composite were also enhanced with the addition of PNAS.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Characteristics and Regenerative Potential in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: van Rhijn-Brouwer F. C. C. , Gremmels H. , Fledderus J. O. , Verhaar M. C.
Published: June 2018

Administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising strategy to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD). As progenitor cells may be negatively affected by both age and comorbidity, characterization of MSC function is important to guide decisions regarding use of allogeneic or autologous cells. Definitive answers on which factors affect MSC function can also aid in selecting which MSC donors would yield the most therapeutically efficacious MSCs. Here we provide a narrative review of MSC function in CVD based on a systematic search. A total of 41 studies examining CVD-related MSC (dys)function were identified. These data show that MSC characteristics and regenerative potential are often affected by CVD. However, studies presented conflicting results, and directed assessment of MSC parameters relevant to regenerative medicine applications was lacking in many studies. The predictive ability of in vitro assays for in vivo efficacy was rarely assessed. There was no correlation between quality of study reporting and study findings. Age mismatch was also not associated with study findings or effect size. Future research should focus on assays that assess regenerative potential in MSCs and parameters that relate to clinical success.
Toward a Kinship Perspective on Entrepreneurship
Authors: Verver Michiel , Koning Juliette
Published: June 2018

This article develops a theoretical framework for analyzing the role of kinship in entrepreneurship. Kinship, we argue, is a key ingredient of the social and cultural environment of entrepreneurs, and, therefore, essential in understanding how and why entrepreneurship happens. Building on qualitative research conducted among Cambodian Chinese entrepreneurs in Phnom Penh, we define kinship as interpersonal ties grounded in relatedness. We distinguish different categories of kinship ties that involve different levels of relatedness and are used for different aspects of entrepreneurship, and we identify different types of reciprocity and trust as the sociocultural dynamics that buttress kinship involvement in entrepreneurship.
An Ethnographic Study of Communication Between Humans, Nature, and Place: In Search of a Sense of Belonging in Abarkouhi Homes, Iran
Authors: Abdollahyan Hamid , Mohammadi Foroogh
Published: June 2018

This article uses Cronkhite’s definition of communication to examine the relationship between Abarkouhi homes and three forms of human communication—(1) human–human, (2) human–nature, and (3) human–place—that take place in the “home” as symbolic actions. We assumed first that it is the sense of belonging that causes the stability of life in Abarkouhi houses. We use the definitions of “home” offered by phenomenologists to present our theoretical synthesis based on two concepts of place and communication. The article will discuss the ethnographic methodology of the study and the ethnographic interviews conducted with the residents about Abarkouh’s historic context, including the analysis of a number of photos. After collecting the interview data, we combined them with the data gathered by direct observations. Some of the findings indicate that the current residents of Abarkouh are old men and women who are probably the last generation of people living in the historic city. Therefore, the sense of belonging to “home” and the level of adaptation to new ways of life and new communicative actions within the old homes are not such that they contribute to the durability of life in the old houses and to keeping the future generations eager enough to continue living in this historic context. Along with the introduction of new technology and a modern way of life, many of the communicative actions resulting from living in these homes have disappeared, and nothing has replaced them. We believe that the historic context of the city, including its various home types and typical places, is in danger of disappearing.