bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relapse of Hepatitis C Virus Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis After Sustained Viral Response After Interferon-Free Direct-Acting Antivirals
Authors: Fayed Ahmed , Hegazy Mohamed Tharwat , Biard Lucie , Vieira Matheus , El Shabony Tarek , Saadoun David , Casato Milvia , Visentini Marcella , Ragab Gaafar , Cacoub Patrice
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have modified the management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, including HCV-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CryoVas). However, patients might experience vasculitis relapse, and no reliable predictors of CryoVas relapse after sustained virologic response (SVR) have been established. We aimed to describe HCV-CryoVas relapse rates and factors associated with it.

METHODS:

An international multicenter cohort where patients with HCV-CryoVas from Egypt, France, and Italy treated with DAA were analyzed retrospectively. Factors associated with relapse-free survival were evaluated in a multivariate-adjusted model.

RESULTS:

Of 913 patients, 911 (99.8%) obtained SVR. After 35 months of the median follow-up, 798 patients (87.4%) had sustained remission of vasculitis, while 115 (12.6%) experienced CryoVas relapse. By the time of relapse, skin involvement was present in 100%, renal involvement in 85.2%, and peripheral neuropathy in 81.7%. Relapses were treated with glucocorticoids in 90.9%, associated with plasma exchange, cyclophosphamide, or rituximab in 50%, 37.3%, and 6.4%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of CryoVas relapse was 0.7% (95% CI 0.3–1.4), 12.3% (95% CI 10.2–14.6), and 13.1% (95% CI 11.0–15.5) at 12, 24, and 36 months after DAA treatment, respectively. Independent baseline risk factors associated with CryoVas relapse were male sex, skin ulcers, kidney involvement at baseline, and peripheral neuropathy at the end of DAA treatment. Death occurred in 11 relapsers, mainly due to infections.

DISCUSSION:

A substantial proportion of patients with CryoVas experience relapse after DAA-induced SVR. Relapses are moderate-to-severe and affect survival after 24 months, mainly due to infections. Independent risk factors for relapse or death were found.
Antibody Response Three Months after Two-Dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Tsipotis Evangelos , Frey Sarah , Connolly Caoilfhionn , Werbel William A. , Chowdhury Reezwana , Dudley-Brown Sharon , Melia Joanna M. , Parian Alyssa M. , Truta Brindusa , Yu Huimin , Selaru Florin M. , Segev Dorry L. , Lazarev Mark
Published: February 2022

The response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of IBD patients on immune modifying therapies requires further investigation as previous studies indicate that patients on immune therapy might have decreased antibody concentrations. We present the anti-RBD antibody response over a period of three months in 217 IBD patients who completed standard two-dose SARS-C0V-2 mRNA vaccine series. Almost all (98.6%) IBD vaccine recipients had a positive anti-RBD antibody response at least 3 months post-vaccination. Decreased antibody titers at 3 months was seen in a subset of patients on anti-TNF-a. About 10% of the participants with high titer antibodies at one month had a decrease to low positive titers at 3 months, which was mostly observed in those on combination therapy as well as anti-TNF-a monotherapy.
Percutaneous Transhepatic Single-Operator Cholangioscopy-Guided Intraductal Stone Therapy in a Liver Transplant Patient With Ischemic Cholangiopathy
Authors: Stadmeyer Peter , Dalvie Prasad , Hubers Jeffrey , Gopal Deepak
Published: February 2022

Ischemic cholangiopathy is a feared complication after liver transplantation. We present a 68-year-old man who is status postorthotopic liver transplant from a donation after cardiac death. His posttransplant course was complicated by the development of a biliary anastomotic stricture, ischemic cholangiopathy, biloma, recurrent cholangitis, and intrahepatic stones. Through the use of antegrade cholangioscopy with a single-operator cholangioscope (SpyGlass 2; Boston Scientific, Boston, MA) passed through a percutaneous sheath, we were able to visualize impacted stones within the left intrahepatic system and treat them using electrohydraulic lithotripsy for stone fragmentation and removal.
Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Fisika pada Materi Momentum dan Implus dengan Model Pembelajaran Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Tujilah Tujilah
Published: February 2022

The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of the application of problem-based learning model-based learning in improving the physics learning achievement of momentum material and student impulses in class X MIPA-2 MAN 2 Bantul even semester of the 2019-2020 school year. This research is classroom action research. The research method was carried out in two cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The method of collecting data on student learning achievement results was collected through test techniques, the learning process, and student activeness obtained through observation. The method of analyzing the learning process data gives a score on the syntax aspect of problem-based learning. The results showed that students' activeness from cycle 1 to cycle 2 increased 53% to 76%. Student learning achievement has increased from the initial conditions of 12%, cycle one by 36%, and cycle two by 76%. The application of Problem-based learning, which is very good, can increase learning activities and student achievement.
La aurora de la eternidad. Las figuras del instante en la Estrella de la Redención de Franz Rosenzweig
Authors: Garrido-Maturano Ángel Enrique
Published: February 2022

El artículo analiza el instante en La Estrella de la Redención de Franz Rosenzweig. Primero deconstruye y articula los distintos estratos significativos de la noción de instante en los tres libros de la segunda parte de esta obra (Creación, Revelación y Redención) como figuras de la temporalización de la eternidad; y en la tercera parte como figura de la eternización de la temporalidad. Luego reconstruye la esencia del instante como lapso de intersección entre tiempo y eternidad de carácter reiterable y trascendental. Finalmente indica en qué medida las distintas figuras del fenómeno guardan una significación religiosa pre-confesional.
Entre Dios y los hombres. La filosofía de la educación de George Steiner
Authors: Luque David
Published: February 2022

La relación ente el mundo judío y la filosofía de la educación va desde la comprensión de la Tōrā hasta los intelectuales actuales. De estos, quien ha ejercido una mayor influencia en los filósofos de la educación es George Steiner. Este trabajo pretende articular su concepción de lo educativo a partir de la lectura sistemática de su obra desde un punto de vista netamente pedagógico. De ahí resulta que el punto de partida para comprender sus propuestas reside en la manera en que el filólogo interpreta la identidad judía. De ahí se puede entender el papel concedido a la memoria, la relación educativa, los libros, las humanidades y la posible política educativa. Todo para ver que, más allá del uso que se ha dado de los argumentos de Steiner, la pregunta sobre la existencia de Dios —de la que nace su teodicea— y la necesidad de una formación teológica planea su filosofía educativa.
Las competencias del profesorado de educación secundaria en España: Evolución del perfil docente en la formación inicial
Authors: Sánchez-Tarazaga Lucía , Manso Jesús
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo abordamos la evolución y avance que ha ido teniendo el perfil docente en España y su impacto en la identidad profesional del profesorado de Educación Secundaria, cuestiones fundamentales para comprender la profesión y poder avanzar en su camino de mejora. Para ello, realizaremos un análisis a través de la política educativa española y los programas de formación inicial durante los últimos 50 años. La discusión final ofrece una reflexión hacia el modelo formativo vigente y los retos pendientes. Queremos destacar dos cuestiones que ha permitido esta investigación: por un lado, la importancia de diseñar un marco de competencias docentes compartido que oriente las políticas del profesorado y sea transferido en la práctica; por otro, la necesidad de reconstruir la identidad profesional docente, replanteando la arquitectura del esquema formativo vigente y situando la práctica profesional como eje del programa.
Evaluation of mineral, proximate compositions and anti-oxidant activities of some wild edible vegetables of District Kurram Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Shumaila , Mohammad Zainish , Hussain Wahid , Ali Nijat , Ali Amjad , Hussain Javid , Hussain Dildar
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted to determine the mineral contents and some nutritional properties of five local wild vegetable; Allium griffithianum Boiss, Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst., Caralluma tuberculata (N.E.Br.) D. C. H. Plowes, Chaerophyllum reflexum Aitch, and Stellaria media (L.) Vill., from district Kurram KP, Pakistan which are associated with folk knowledge in the region. This research is the first scientific report on the nutritional composition of the above mentioned species. Among five wild species, the Buglossoides arvensis had the highest carbohydrates content (71.99 ± 0.5%) and high lipid contents (4.8 ± 0.2%). Besides that, it has the highest total energy (349.024 kcal/100 g). Stellaria media was found to have the maximum ash (22.77 ± 0.1%) and lipids (4.87 ± 0.06%). Chaerophyllum reflexum showed the highest protein content (10.5 ±0.4%) and high total energy (332.68 ± 0.3 kcal/100 g). Mineral analysis showed that the local wild vegetables contained considerable amount of minerals; Calcium (2.20 ± 0.5-1506 ± 0.06 µg/g), Potassium (3.018 ± 1.7-1272.06 ± 0.005 µg/g), Phosphorous (2.98 ± 0.01-180.01 ± 0.1 µg/g), Chromium (0.98 ± 0.6-42.9 ± 0.5 µg/g), Cobalt (0.18 ±0.005-7.7 ± 0.2 µg/g), Sodium (0.78 ± 0.5-205.53 ± 0.4 µg/g) and Copper (5.5 ± 0.4-35.06 ± 0.7 µg/g). These data suggest that wild plants from district Kurram could be useful for nutrition or other applications. For instance, Caralluma tuberculata contains the highest number of mineral elements, which has been traditionally used as an anti-diabetic, blood purifier and for weight loss.
Bryophytes of the Western-Zerafshan Ridge (Uzbekistan)
Authors: Zhalov Kholmurod , Farrux Abdirasulov
Published: February 2022

A historical overview of bryological studies in Uzbekistan and a list of 80 known species of mosses from the Republic of Uzbekistan, compiled from well-known publications, collections stored in the herbaria of Samarkand State University and the Beijing Botanical Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and ourdata are presented. Hygroamblystegium tenax Hedw., Lewinskya affinis (Schrad. ex Brid F.Lara) Garilleti & Goffinet, Pseudoleskeella papillosa (Lindb.) Kindb, Encalypta trachymitria Ripart and Orthotrichum hallii Sullivant & Lesquereux are reported for the first time in Uzbekistan.
Language and education policy as one of the main challenges of migrant integration in Poland
Authors: Wąsikiewicz-Firlej Emilia
Published: February 2022

This article aims to map current state policy and governmental responses to migrant integration in Poland, as well as to identify pressing needs and key challenges in this area, with a particular focus on language and education. It draws on a literature review and analysis of legal documents and reports on migrant integration and language policy for 1989–2020. When analysing the data, particular attention was paid to the declared state policy on migrant integration and its actual implementation, as captured in the Supreme Audit Office (NIK 2015, 2020) and Migrant Integration Policy Index reports (MIPEX 2015, 2020). The research shows that the scope of integration activities and their effects have been unsatisfactory to date. The situation of migrants in Poland was dubbed “equality on paper” in the MIPEX 2020 report. Current programmes and activities are not fostering full integration of migrants. Apart from housing and employment issues, a lack of language skills and education that is not responsive to the needs of migrants remain the main barriers to migrant integration in Poland.
Edge detail enhancement algorithm for high-dynamic range images
Authors: Zhao Lanfei , Zhu Qidan
Published: February 2022

Existing image enhancement methods have problems of a slow data transmission and poor conversion effect, resulting in a low image-recognition rate and recognition efficiency. To solve these problems and improve the recognition accuracy and recognition efficiency of image features, this study proposes an edge detail enhancement algorithm for a high-dynamic range image. The original image is transformed by Fourier transform, and the low-frequency and high-frequency images are obtained by the frequency-domain Gaussian filtering and inverse Fourier transform. The low-frequency image is processed by the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization, and the high-frequency image is obtained by the nonsharpening masking and gray transformation. The low-frequency enhanced and the high-frequency enhanced images are weighted and fused to enhance the edge details of the image. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed high-dynamic range image edge detail enhancement algorithm maintains the image recognition rate of more than 80% during the practical application, and the recognition time is within 1,200 min, which enhances the image effect, improves the recognition accuracy and recognition efficiency of image characteristics, and fully meets the research requirements.
Linguistic spatial reference systems across domains: How people talk about space in sailing, dancing, and other specialist areas
Authors: Tenbrink Thora
Published: February 2022

Spatial reference systems have been investigated across many different languages and cultures, partly with the explicit aim of identifying preferred ways of thinking and talking about space in a particular culture. This paper addresses variability within a given language (and culture) by looking at diversity across everyday specialist domains. Wherever a domain requires people to interact with space in a specific way, conventions for thinking and talking about space arise that are far less common outside those domains. For instance, in sailing it is almost impossible to talk about ‘forward movement’, due to the various forces acting on the boat; these require the sailor to calculate a useful course relative to the goal direction. Based on a range of examples, this paper explores customary ways of talking about space across various domains, and highlights the underlying spatial-conceptual reference systems. This demonstrates how different situational domains call for different reference systems, contrary to beliefs that entire cultures can be associated with stable preferences for a specific reference system.
Geocentric directional systems in Australia: a typology
Authors: Hoffmann Dorothea , Palmer Bill , Gaby Alice
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the results of a survey of geocentric directional systems across Australia using published and unpublished material as well as fieldwork data, providing the first systematic overview of such systems in Australia. The 116 sampled varieties, spoken across diverse landscapes, exhibit variation within and across languages. Many make use of more than one directional system. This paper sets out to create a systematic typological overview of geocentric directionals in Australia taking into account cultural and topographic salience, revisiting existing classifications of directional systems.
Adaptive Learning through Temporal Dynamics of State Representation
Authors: Razmi Niloufar , Nassar Matthew R.
Published: February 2022

People adjust their learning rate rationally according to local environmental statistics and calibrate such adjustments based on the broader statistical context. To date, no theory has captured the observed range of adaptive learning behaviors or the complexity of its neural correlates. Here, we attempt to do so using a neural network model that learns to map an internal context representation onto a behavioral response via supervised learning. The network shifts its internal context on receiving supervised signals that are mismatched to its output, thereby changing the “state” to which feedback is associated. A key feature of the model is that such state transitions can either increase learning or decrease learning depending on the duration over which the new state is maintained. Sustained state transitions that occur after changepoints facilitate faster learning and mimic network reset phenomena observed in the brain during rapid learning. In contrast, state transitions after one-off outlier events are short lived, thereby limiting the impact of outlying observations on future behavior. State transitions in our model provide the first mechanistic interpretation for bidirectional learning signals, such as the P300, that relate to learning differentially according to the source of surprising events and may also shed light on discrepant observations regarding the relationship between transient pupil dilations and learning. Together, our results demonstrate that dynamic latent state representations can afford normative inference and provide a coherent framework for understanding neural signatures of adaptive learning across different statistical environments.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow humans adjust their sensitivity to new information in a changing world has remained largely an open question. Bridging insights from normative accounts of adaptive learning and theories of latent state representation, here we propose a feedforward neural network model that adjusts its learning rate online by controlling the speed of transitioning its internal state representations. Our model proposes a mechanistic framework for explaining learning under different statistical contexts, explains previously observed behavior and brain signals, and makes testable predictions for future experimental studies.
Repetitive Mild Closed Head Injury in Adolescent Mice Is Associated with Impaired Proteostasis, Neuroinflammation, and Tauopathy
Authors: Wu Limin , Kalish Brian T. , Finander Benjamin , Cao Tian , Jin Gina , Yahya Taha , Levy Emily S. , Kukreja Bharti , LaRovere Eliza Sophie , Chung Joon Yong , Lo Eng H. , Brown-Whalen Alexander , El Khoury Joseph , Kaplan David L. , Whalen Michael J.
Published: February 2022

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children and adolescents leads to acute and chronic neurologic sequelae and is linked to later life neurodegenerative disease. However, the biological mechanisms connecting early life mTBI to neurodegeneration remain unknown. Using an adolescent mouse repetitive closed head injury model that induces progressive cognitive impairment in males and anxiety in females in the absence of overt histopathology, we examined transcriptional and translational changes in neurons isolated from sham and injured brain in the chronic phase after injury. At 14 months, single-nuclei RNA sequencing of cortical brain tissue identified disruption of genes associated with neuronal proteostasis and evidence for disrupted ligand-receptor signaling networks in injured mice. Western blot analysis of isolated neurons showed evidence of inflammasome activation and downstream IL-1β processing, as previously demonstrated in acute CNS injury models, and accumulation of misfolded, hyperphosphorylated tau, and changes in expression of proteins suggestive of impaired translation in males but not in females. At 6 months, injured IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) KO mice, which are protected from postinjury cognitive deficits, had decreased accumulation of pro-IL-1β and misfolded tau in cortex and cerebellum, suggesting that IL-1R1 is upstream of inflammasome priming (defined as increase in pro-IL-1β) and abnormal tau phosphorylation. Together, our findings provide evidence for neuronal inflammasome activation and impaired proteostasis as key mechanisms linking repetitive mTBI in adolescence to later life neurologic dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRepetitive mild closed head injury in adolescent male mice leads to impaired proteostasis, tau phosphorylation, and inflammasome activation in neurons later in adulthood through mechanisms involving IL-1 receptor 1. The data are the first to link repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescence to neurodegeneration and suggest molecular targets and pathways to prevent neurologic sequelae in the chronic period after injuries.
A Distinct Metabolically Defined Central Nucleus Circuit Bidirectionally Controls Anxiety-Related Behaviors
Authors: Ren Jing , Lu Cheng-Lin , Huang Jie , Fan Jun , Guo Fang , Mo Jia-Wen , Huang Wei-Yuan , Kong Peng-Li , Li Xiao-Wen , Sun Li-Rong , Sun Xiang-Dong , Cao Xiong
Published: February 2022

Anxiety disorders are debilitating psychiatric diseases that affect ∼16% of the world's population. Although it has been proposed that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) plays a role in anxiety, the molecular and circuit mechanisms through which CeA neurons modulate anxiety-related behaviors are largely uncharacterized. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and has been shown to play a role in psychiatric disorders. Here, we reported that sEH was enriched in neurons in the CeA and regulated anxiety-related behaviors in adult male mice. Deletion of sEH in CeA neurons but not astrocytes induced anxiety-like behaviors. Mechanistic studies indicated that sEH was required for maintaining the the excitability of sEH positive neurons (sEHCeAneurons) in the CeA. Using chemogenetic manipulations, we found that sEHCeAneurons bidirectionally regulated anxiety-related behaviors. Notably, we identified that sEHCeAneurons directly projected to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST; sEHCeA–BNST). Optogenetic activation and inhibition of the sEHCeA–BNSTpathway produced anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects, respectively. In summary, our studies reveal a set of molecular and circuit mechanisms of sEHCeAneurons underlying anxiety.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSoluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a key enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of EETs, is shown to play a key role in mood disorders. It is well known that sEH is mostly localized in astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex and regulates depressive-like behaviors. Notably, sEH is also expressed in central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) neurons. While the CeA has been studied for its role in the regulation of anxiety, the molecular and circuit mechanism is quite complex. In the present study, we explored a previously unknown cellular and circuitry mechanism that guides sEHCeAneurons response to anxiety. Our findings reveal a critical role of sEH in the CeA, sEHCeAneurons and CeA-bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) pathway in regulation of anxiety-related behaviors.
Anastasis Drives Senescence and Non-Cell Autonomous Neurodegeneration in the Astrogliopathy Alexander Disease
Authors: Wang Liqun , Bukhari Hassan , Kong Linghai , Hagemann Tracy L. , Zhang Su-Chun , Messing Albee , Feany Mel B.
Published: February 2022

Anastasis is a recently described process in which cells recover after late-stage apoptosis activation. The functional consequences of anastasis for cells and tissues are not clearly understood. UsingDrosophila, rat and human cells and tissues, including analyses of both males and females, we present evidence that glia undergoing anastasis in the primary astrogliopathy Alexander disease subsequently express hallmarks of senescence. These senescent glia promote non-cell autonomous death of neurons by secreting interleukin family cytokines. Our findings demonstrate that anastasis can be dysfunctional in neurologic disease by inducing a toxic senescent population of astroglia.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnder some conditions cells otherwise destined to die can be rescued just before death in a process called anastasis, or “rising from the dead.” The fate and function of cells undergoing a near death experience is not well understood. Here, we find that in models and patient cells from Alexander disease, an important brain disorder in which glial cells promote neuronal dysfunction and death, anastasis of astrocytic glia leads to secretion of toxic signaling molecules and neurodegeneration. These studies demonstrate a previously unexpected deleterious consequence of rescuing cells on the brink of death and suggest therapeutic strategies for Alexander disease and related disorders of glia.
Articulatory Suppression Effects on Induced Rumination
Authors: Nalborczyk Ladislas , Perrone-Bertolotti Marcela , Baeyens Céline , Grandchamp Romain , Spinelli Elsa , Koster Ernst H. W. , Lœvenbruck Hélène
Published: February 2022

This study explores whether the speech motor system is involved in verbal rumination, a particular kind of inner speech. The motor simulation hypothesis considers inner speech as an action, accompanied by simulated speech percepts, that would as such involve the speech motor system. If so, we could expect verbal rumination to be disrupted by concurrent involvement of the speech apparatus. We recruited 106 healthy adults and measured their self-reported level of rumination before and after a rumination induction, as well as after five minutes of a subsequent motor task (either an articulatory suppression -silent mouthing- task or a finger tapping control task). We also evaluated to what extent ruminative thoughts were experienced with a verbal quality or in another modality (e.g., visual images, non-speech sounds). Self-reported levels of rumination showed a decrease after both motor activities (silent mouthing and finger-tapping), with only a slightly stronger decrease after the articulatory suppression than the control task. The rumination level decrease was not moderated by the modality of the ruminative thoughts. We discuss these results within the framework of verbal rumination as simulated speech and suggest alternative ways to test the engagement of the speech motor system in verbal rumination. Pre-registered protocol, preprint, data, as well as reproducible code and figures are available at: https://osf.io/3bh67/.
An Eruption of History in Peru’s Bicentenary
Authors: Vergara Alberto
Published: February 2022

Pedro Castillo’s election as president of Peru in 2021 unleashed an unexpected series of historical debates in the bicentenary year of Peru’s independence. A left-wing union leader and rural teacher, Castillo was confronted by a stubborn conservative opposition that denounced his alleged communism, in a renewal of ideological confrontation that raised more questions about Peru’s nation-building process. This article argues that, paradoxically, the country’s present political precariousness created the conditions for the reemergence of these historical debates—and, because of that same reason, they might prove to be just another ephemeral process in a volatile country still coming to terms with its recent internal conflict.
Evolving Religion-Science Perspectives of the Bhaktivedanta Institute and ISKCON
Authors: Zambon Oliver , Aechtner Thomas
Published: February 2022

The Bhaktivedanta Institute was established in 1976 as a research branch of ISKCON, the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, popularly known as the Hare Krishnas. This article examines the history and ongoing activities of this institute as it has shaped ISKCON’s official religion-science discourses. Early Bhaktivedanta Institute documents are compared with data gathered from a 2019 Bhaktivedanta Institute for Higher Studies workshop. While the Bhaktivedanta Institute’s media initially described science and scientists as malign forces, the 2019 workshop disclosed more complex stances towards biological evolution and scientific researchers. Consequently, this article illustrates the ways in which a contemporary branch of the Bhaktivedanta Institute has attempted to reconcile ISKCON’s worldview with modern science, while also distancing itself from the movement’s previous science-religion conflict narratives.
The Air of Objectivity
Authors: Korola Katerina
Published: February 2022

Focusing on Albert Renger-Patzsch’s photographs of the Zollverein colliery, this essay investigates the tension between the clarity of Renger-Patzsch’s aesthetic and the physical reality of the industrial environment in which he worked. In doing so, it offers an account of New Objectivity photography that is attentive to both the environment from which it emerged and the way in which photography, in turn, acted upon this environment. Placing particular stress on the clear contours and white backgrounds of these photographs, as well as their material and technical prerequisites, it argues that the radical clarity of Renger-Patzsch’s photographs is best regarded as an active intervention into a compromised environment, in which the photographer was called upon to bring forth clarity from the dust and smoke of industrial extraction.
The Aesthetic and Material Force of Landscape in Cinema
Authors: Mukherjee Debashree
Published: February 2022

This essay explores the aesthetic and material force of landscape in cinema, an entity that has long been considered an index of localized climates. I adopt a transmedial and triangulated approach to cinematic landscape as filmed image, as circulating imaginary, and as the physical ground of film production. I argue that cinema reveals, in the scene of production, a mutual exertion of spatial influence and the co-production of aesthetic-material meaning by multiple human and nonhuman actants. The polyphonous relationship of landscape and cinema allows me to complicate climate and Anthropocene abstractions with situated histories of desire, dispossession, circulation, and collaboration.
The Aging Self: A Narrative Analysis on Generational Lesson Sharing and Embodiment Expressions of Older Adults
Authors: Geitz Vanessa
Published: February 2022

This qualitative study captures individual aging experiences, gaining insight into how older adults understand aging bodies and express age. Three main research questions were developed to respond to that inquiry: (1) How do older adults embody aging? (2) What life lessons are embedded in these expressions of age? And (3) What life lessons are beneficial for younger generations to know for their own aging experiences? The study employed a secondary data analysis of semi-structured interviews, initially completed without restrictions on age, identity, or experience for participant inclusion. Results were analyzed using NVivo software with a constructive narrative analysis focus. Narratives were grouped into three categories based on the time frame central to the interview: past, present, or future. Emerging narratives included being a student, worker, partner in marriage, parent, retiree, and immigrant. The findings demonstrate how different embodiment experiences emerge through reflective narrative construction and influenced lessons shared. These conclusions contribute to understanding how choices and experiences at different stages in the life course can influence the aging experience and how it is projected. Ultimately, the findings emphasize the role that the self and body hold on identity and self-expression for older adults.
Perfil epidemiológico y presencia de polimorfismos IFR6 (rs2235371), TGFA (rs3771494) en individuos con labio y paladar hendido no sindrómico
Authors: Barajas-Pérez Víctor Hiram , Zambrano-Galván Graciela , Almeda-Ojeda Oscar Eduardo , Recendez-Santillán Norith de Jesús , García Torres Edgar
Published: February 2022

Objetivo. Reportar el perfil epidemiológico y presencia de polimorfismos de IFR6 (rs2235371) y TGFA (rs3771494) en individuos con labio y paladar hendido (LPH) no sindrómico. Métodos. Serie de casos, centrado en individuos con hendiduras orofaciales (HO), remitidos a la Facultad de Odontología de Durango, México, para su revisión y valoración dentro del periodo comprendido de enero-2018 a diciembre-2019. Se obtuvo información de interés para el estudio sobre las características del embarazo y antecedentes familiares, de las madres de los individuos. Para el análisis y descripción de los datos se utilizó el paquete estadístico R Studio. Resultados. El total de casos estudiados fue de 24. Se presentó una mayor frecuencia de hombres (67%), la mayoría de los individuos tuvieron el diagnóstico de LPH al nacer (75%), extensión de afección completa (75%), el lado izquierdo afectado (63%), y cirugías correctivas (62%). Solo el 4% estuvo expuesto al tabaquismo materno (activo y pasivo), el 96% tuvo adecuada ingesta de ácido fólico y hierro; el genotipo de riesgo para TGFA (rs3771494) se presentó en el 15% de labio hendido y en el 8% del LPH, y para IFR6 (rs2235371) solo en el 10% del LPH. Conclusiones. La presencia de factores ambientales, genéticos, y el estilo de vida materno mostrado en otras poblaciones, podrían no ser los mismos que intervengan en la aparición y desarrollo de HO no sindromicas de nuestra localidad, además, la presencia de los genotipos homocigotos polimórficos de los genes de interés podría no condicionar el desarrollo de HO.
Efectividad de la terapia manual en trastornos temporomandibulares. Revisión de literatura
Authors: Ortiz Geovanny , Quito Vallejo Erica
Published: February 2022

Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) tienen consecuencias funcionales importantes, que no distinguen edad ni sexo, los esquemas de tratamiento están enfocados al mejoramiento de la función y alivio de los síntomas, basándose principalmente en terapias conservadoras, evitando el sobretratamiento y atendiendo de forma oportuna a los casos que lo requieran, con la finalidad de evitar tratamientos invasivos. Los estudios controlados sobre la eficacia de la terapia manual para el tratamiento de los TTM son escasos, y la evidencia existente tiene claras limitaciones en su metodología, a pesar de ello, es la terapia más segura, aunque sus resultados son controversiales. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión de literatura sobre la eficacia de la terapia manual en el tratamiento de algunos de los trastornos temporomandibulares. En la mayoría de los estudios se observó la influencia que tiene el asesoramiento profesional y las charlas para el control de hábitos en el tratamiento con terapia manual. Así también, la constancia de los pacientes en sus citas, y la realización de los ejercicios en casa. La terapia demostró ser efectiva en algunos de los TTM, debido a que en casos crónicos no se evidenció mejora significativa.
Оптична поляризаційна анізотропія, внутрішній ефект Штарка квантового конфайнменту і вплив кулонівських ефектів на лазерні характеристики [0001]-орієнтованих GaN/Al0,3Ga0,7N квантових ям
Authors: Локоть Л.О.
Published: February 2022

У цій статті представлено теоретичне дослідження просторово розділених електронних і діркових розподілів, яке відображається у самоузгодженому розв'язанні рівнянь Шредінгера для електронів та дірок і рівняння Пуассона. Результати проілюстровано дляGaN/Al0,3Ga0,7N квантової ями. Спектр оптичного підсилення в [0001]-орієнтованої GaN/Al0,3Ga0,7N квантової ями обчислено в ультрафіолетовій області. Знайдено, що як матричні елементи оптичних переходів з важкої діркової підзони в зону провідності, так і спектр оптичного підсилення мають строго x (або y) поляризацію світла. Показано вплив конфайнменту хвильових функцій на оптичне підсилення, яке неявно залежить від вбудованого електричного поля, що обчислене і дорівнює 2,3 MВ/cм. Якщо структури з вузькою шириною ями проявляють звичайну залежність розвитку максимуму підсилення світла майже без зміщення спектральної області, то значного голубого зміщення максимуму підсилення зі зростанням густини плазми набувають структури зі значною шириною квантової ями. Це голубе зміщення відносять до взаємодії між екрануючим п'єзоелектричним полем, створеним деформацією і зонною структурою. Велике зоммерфельдівське або кулонівське підсилення присутнє у квантовій ямі.
Емісійні характеристики та параметри плазми лазерного факела на основі полікристала CuInSe2
Authors: Чучман М.П. , Ласлов Г.Е. , Шуаібов А.К. , Шимон Л.Л.
Published: February 2022

Отримано спектри випромінювання та осцилограми інтенсивності спектральних ліній лазерної ерозійної плазми на основі сполуки CuInSe2. Встановлено, що спектри випромінювання з гарячої зони цієї лазерної ерозійної плазми включають спектральні лінії збуджених атомів міді, індію, селену і їх однозарядних іонів. Визначено основні параметри та характеристики лазерного факела на основі сполуки CuInSe2: швидкість поширення, часи рекомбінації іонів, температуру та концентрацію частинок. Показано, що на початкових етапах існування плазми основним процесом виступає рекомбінація, а при збільшенні відстані від мішені та часу затримки починають проявлятися газодинамічні та теплові ефекти, які значно визначатимуть особливості формування атомів та іонів у збуджених станах.
Особливості діелектричних і магнітно-резонансних хара-ктеристик нанокристалічного танталату калію
Authors: Головіна І.С. , Гейфман І.Н. , Прокопів М.М.
Published: February 2022

У температурній залежності діелектричної проникності нанокристалічного танталату калію виявлено широкий максимум у інтервалі 20 < T < 40 К, який не залежить від частоти вимірювань. Припускається, що даний максимум свідчить про наявність сегнетоелектричного фазового переходу із температурою Кюрі Tc = 29 ± 2 К. Встановлено, що діелектрична проникність підпорядковується закону Кюрі–Вейса, і визначено сталу Кюрі–Вейса C = (2,5 ± 1) · 103 К. Причиною фазового переходу вважається наявність неідентифікованої домішки, яка локально порушує кубічну симетрію ґратки і приводить до появи полярних мікрообластей. У спектрах ЕПР виявлено два типи ліній. Обговорено можливе застосування нового матеріалу.
Evidence-based Discharge Nutrition to Optimize Preterm Infant Outcomes
Authors: Taylor Sarah N. , Martin Camilia R.
Published: February 2022

Despite abundant research comparing postdischarge hospital diets for preterm infants, the ideal clinical approach has not been determined. Dilemmas persist because randomized controlled trials of preterm versus term infant formula have yielded equivocal results and because the predominant postdischarge diet for preterm infants has shifted from formula-based to a combination that includes maternal milk and increasingly includes a plan for breastfeeding. As the investigation of the influence of the post–hospital discharge diet on preterm infant outcomes evolves, factors to consider include the infant’s oral feeding ability and the maternal lactation goal. The maturation of the preterm infant’s oral feeding skills may at least partially explain why increased nutrient density appears to most benefit growth outcomes when given during the first 3 to 4 months after hospital discharge. At some point in maturation, the preterm infant may develop the ability to vary intake as needed to obtain sufficient nutrition no matter the density of the diet. In addition, attention to the maternal lactation goal is critical as intake of maternal milk likely influences neurodevelopmental outcomes as much or even to a greater extent than growth trajectory.
Should Tactile Defensiveness Exclude a Life-Sustaining Intervention in an Adolescent With Autism?
Authors: Wolfe Ian D. , Brunnquell Don , Sorensen Rena , Matheny Antommaria Armand H.
Published: February 2022

This Ethics Rounds considers the benefits and burdens of a potentially temporary tracheostomy in an adolescent with autism and severe tactile defensiveness.
УЗАГАЛЬНЕНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ РОЗПОВСЮДЖЕННЯ COVID-19 НА ЗАКРИТИХ ТА ВІДКРИТИХ АРЕАЛАХ
Authors: Kiseleva E. M. , Kuzenkov O. O. , Baleiko N. V.
Published: February 2022

У роботі розглядаються існуючі, запропоновані та узагальнені нові методи та підходи до моделювання розповсюдження інфекційних захворювань на прикладі COVID-19. Для побудови моделей, ідентифікації параметрів, оцінки достовірності результатів використовується оперативна інформація про перебіг епідемії як на теренах окремих областей та міст України, так і держави в цілому. Отримані результати дають змогу оцінити ефективність моделей, підходів та методів при вирішенні різних задач, що можуть враховувати площу ареалів, зовнішні впливи, гендерну, вікову та інші відмінності. В основу класу запропонованих моделей покладено уявлення про популяцію як про множину особин, що сприйнятливі до інфекції, мають імунітет, інфіковані, хворіють та вибули. На основі даних, які протягом 2020-2021 років були зібрані у різних країнах було встановлено основні закономірності, отримано пограничні значення параметрів, при яких відбуваються якісні зміни в системі, досліджено питання можливості штучного втручання в систему та наслідків такого втручання. Проведено змістовний аналіз достовірності моделі та меж застосування результатів такого моделювання.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАЦІОНАРНОГО РЕЖИМУ В СИСТЕМІ МАСОВОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ТИПУ GI /M /1 ЗІ СЛАБКОЮ ПІСЛЯДІЄЮ
Authors: Poslaiko N. I.
Published: February 2022

Розглянуто узагальнення системи масового обслуговування GI /M /1на випадокслабкої післядії (ймовірності переходу в певний стан залежать не тільки від стану, вякому система знаходиться в теперішній момент часу, а і від попередньої зміни в системі). З використанням напівмарковських процесів і вкладених ланцюгів Марковадля цього узагальнення знайдені умови існування стаціонарного режиму.
ENTRE LA ESPADA Y LA PARED: AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES EN LA ZONA OCCIDENTAL DEL VALLE CENTRAL DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Dreby Joanna , Rodríguez Pacas Fátima Guadalupe
Published: February 2022

Este artículo explora las formas de adaptación al estado de la economía agrícola del siglo XXI asumidas por pequeños agricultores familiares en la región occidental del Valle Central de Costa Rica. El análisis se basa en una investigación llevada a cabo en julio-diciembre de 2017, con una metodología cualitativa a través de las técnicas de participación-observación y entrevistas a 56 miembros de familias productoras de 32 fincas. Los resultados indican que los productores convierten el proyecto de la finca en un pasatiempo o una labor a medio tiempo; o bien, intercambian de labor al insertarse en mercados de turismo, educaciónal consumidor y productos de valor agregado.
ESTADO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN: LOS TALLERES DEL MUNDO GLOBAL, LA MAQUILA TEXTIL Y LOS CALL CENTERS EN CENTROAMÉRICA
Authors: Piedra Guillén Nancy
Published: February 2022

Este artículo presenta un balance crítico de las investigaciones que se han realizado en las últimas tres décadas sobre el tema de las transformaciones en el mundo del trabajo en el sector de la maquila textil y los “call centers” o centros de llamadas. Principalmente, temáticas sobre las condiciones laborales y de empleo de quienes trabajan en estos lugares en Costa Rica. El proyecto enfatiza en estos sectores de actividad por considerar que ambos ejemplifican claramente el proceso de globalización del cual formamos parte actualmente y se evidencian las consecuencias que se derivan de dicho modelo económico. Pues mientras la maquila textil forma parte de las nuevas formas de trabajo del final del siglo xx, ancladas en la lógica de las cadenas de producción; los “call centers” corresponden al proceso de tercerización de la producción en el siglo xxi, asentados en la promoción de servicios por contratación, contribuyen (do) al desarrollo de la terciarización de la economía del país.
UNA PROPUESTA CONCEPTUAL-TEÓRICA PARA ENTENDER LAS MEDIDAS EN MATERIA DE POBLACIÓN EN COSTA RICA. SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XX
Authors: Carballo Murillo Natalia
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer un marco conceptual y teórico para entender las percepciones, las actitudes y los tipos de masculinidades como aspectos que pueden presentarse entre la población y la adopción de medidas en materia de población en Costa Rica durante la segunda mitad del siglo xx. La construcción de la propuesta se hizo a partir de la revisión de bibliografía secundaria. La principal reflexión es, a pesar de que en Costa Rica no hubo una política con objetivos específicos para controlar la natalidad, si se dio la creación de una serie de instituciones con objetivos en materia de población. En el actuar individual ante dichas instituciones y objetivos, mediado por el contexto y por el impulso del Estado (de todo el aparato desarrollado entre las instituciones nacionales e internacionales) se ponen en evidencia las percepciones, actitudes y roles de género, así como la influencia de actores como la iglesia católica.
A kulturális összehasonlító pszichológia 30 éve Magyarországon
Authors: Fülöp Márta
Published: February 2022

A tanulmány célja a kulturális összehasonlító pszichológia szakterület elmúlt harminc évének áttekintése, a kutatási területek és az intézményesülés bemutatása. A rendszerváltás előtti tematikák rövid ismertetése után a rendszerváltás utáni, a rendszerváltás társadalmi-kulturális változásait feltárni kívánó kutatások sorozata következik. A rendszerváltás, a nemzetközi szakmai együttműködések felszabadításával lehetővé tette azt, hogy a korábban kutatott tematikák kibővüljenek és egyre több kutatónak nyíljon arra lehetősége, hogy egy-egy kutatás erejéig vagy akár kutatássorozatok formájában kulturális összehasonlító vizsgálatokat végezzen. Az utóbbi évtizedben Magyarország ugyancsak képviselteti magát a nagy, sok országra kiterjedő, kulturális összehasonlító kutatásokban is, így lehetővé válik számos pszichológiai konstruktum esetében a magyar válaszadókra jellemző pszichés működésmódok nemzetközi összehasonlításban történő elhelyezése.

A tanulmány bemutatja azokat az intézményi központokat is, amelyek a kulturális összehasonlító kutatások jelenlegi magyarországi műhelyei, az ott dolgozó kutatókat és a jelenleg kutatott tematikákat.

The aim of the paper is to review the past thirty years in the field of cultural comparative psychology, to present research areas and institutionalization. After a brief description of the topics before the change of regime, a series of post-change studies exploring the socio-cultural cha,nges of the change of regime follow. The change of regime, with the release of international professional collaborations, has made it possible to expand the topics previously researched and to give more and more researchers the opportunity to carry out cultural comparative studies to the extent of a single research or even in the form of a series of research. In the last decade, Hungary has also been represented in large, multi-country, comparative cultural research, thus making it possible to place the psychological functioning of Hungarian respondents in international comparisons in the case of many psychological constructs.

The study also presents the institutional centers that are the current workshops of cultural comparative research in Hungary, the researchers working there and the topics currently being researched.