bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pubic bone osteomyelitis and fistulas after radiation therapy of the pelvic region: patient-reported outcomes and urological management of a rare but serious complication
Authors: Walach Margarete Teresa , Tavakoli Anoshirwan Andrej , Thater Greta , Kriegmair Maximilian Christian , Michel Maurice Stephan , Rassweiler-Seyfried Marie-Claire
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study investigated late urinary adverse events (UAEs) in patients who underwent pelvic radiation therapy, with a focus on occurrence, diagnostic characteristics and the impact of subsequent extirpative surgery with the need of urinary diversion on quality of life.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 20 patients after pelvic radiotherapy (2016–2022) was conducted. Data included demographics, perioperative details, oncological parameters, and patient-reported outcomes. Imaging (CT, MRI) was examined for early manifestations of late UAEs.

Results

In the study cohort, prostate cancer was the primary malignancy in 85% with a mean radiation dose of 84 Gray over 35 days. Time to diagnosis of late UAEs was 4.0 years post-radiation. Radiological assessment demonstrated a progressive increase in typical CT and MRI features of pubic bone osteomyelitis over time. Surgical interventions, mainly cystectomy, were required with variable outcomes in patient-reported post-surgery quality of life.

Conclusion

Diagnosing and managing late UAEs after pelvic radiation necessitate an understanding of their occurrence, diagnostic features and appropriate management strategies. Early imaging, particularly MRI, is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment planning. Variable post-surgery quality of life underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing late UAEs. The study contributes to understanding these complications and emphasizes their consideration in post-radiation follow-up care.
Der Gesetzgeber im Spannungsfeld zwischen Patientensouveränität und Forschungsinteressen – eine Bewertung der neuesten Gesetzgebungsaktivitäten auf EU-Ebene und nationaler Ebene
Authors: Buchholtz Gabriele Margarete , Schmalhorst Louisa , Brauneck Alissa
Published: August 2024

Sowohl auf europäischer als auch auf nationaler Ebene unternimmt der Gesetzgeber derzeit zahlreiche
Schritte, um den Austausch von Gesundheitsdaten zu erleichtern und dadurch die medizinische Forschung zu
fördern. Besonders hervorzuheben sind der Verordnungsentwurf zum Europäischen Gesundheitsdatenraum
(EHDS-VO-Entwurf ) und das am 26.3.2024 in Kraft getretene Gesundheitsdatennutzungsgesetz (GDNG). Dabei
ist der Gesetzgeber allerdings auch bestrebt, die Datenhoheit der Patienten zu wahren. Im Folgenden wird
untersucht, ob und wie es dem Gesetzgeber gelingt, die widerstreitenden Interessen in Einklang zu bringen.
Überdies wird dargestellt, wie die Datentreuhand als neutraler Intermediär zur Schlichtung des
aufgezeigten Interessenkonflikts beitragen kann.
Das Recht auf selbstbestimmtes Sterben und der Anspruch auf Betäubungsmittel zu Suizidzwecken
Authors: Zimmermann Josua
Published: August 2024

Die Freiheit, selbstbestimmt zu sterben, genießt als “unmittelbarer Ausdruck der der Menschenwürde
innewohnenden Idee autonomer Persönlichkeitsentfaltung” besonderen grundrechtlichen Schutz, postulierte
das BVerfG. Folgt daraus für Sterbewillige ein Anspruch auf Zugang zum Betäubungsmittel Natrium-Pentobarbital
(NaP), welches als das probateste Suizidpräparat gilt? Nein, urteilte nun das BVerwG (7.11.2023 –
3 C 8.22). Warum die Entscheidung sowohl mit Blick auf die einfachgesetzliche Auslegung des §5 Abs.
1 Nr. 6 BtMG als auch hinsichtlich ihrer Vereinbarkeit mit dem Grundrecht auf selbstbestimmtes Sterben
hinterfragt werden kann, aber ein gegenteiliges Ergebnis nicht weniger problematisch gewesen wäre,
soll in vorliegendem Beitrag aufgezeigt werden.
Image-to-mesh conversion method for multi-tissue medical image computing simulations
Authors: Drakopoulos Fotis , Liu Yixun , Garner Kevin , Chrisochoides Nikos
Published: August 2024

Converting a three-dimensional medical image into a 3D mesh that satisfies both the quality and fidelity constraints of predictive simulations and image-guided surgical procedures remains a critical problem. Presented is an image-to-mesh conversion method called CBC3D. It first discretizes a segmented image by generating an adaptive Body-Centered Cubic mesh of high-quality elements. Next, the tetrahedral mesh is converted into a mixed element mesh of tetrahedra, pentahedra, and hexahedra to decrease element count while maintaining quality. Finally, the mesh surfaces are deformed to their corresponding physical image boundaries, improving the mesh’s fidelity. The deformation scheme builds upon the ITK open-source library and is based on the concept of energy minimization, relying on a multi-material point-based registration. It uses non-connectivity patterns to implicitly control the number of extracted feature points needed for the registration and, thus, adjusts the trade-off between the achieved mesh fidelity and the deformation speed. We compare CBC3D with four widely used and state-of-the-art homegrown image-to-mesh conversion methods from industry and academia. Results indicate that the CBC3D meshes: (1) achieve high fidelity, (2) keep the element count reasonably low, and (3) exhibit good element quality.
SGLT1 contributes to glucose-mediated exacerbation of ischemia–reperfusion injury in ex vivo rat heart
Authors: Almalki Alhanoof , Arjun Sapna , Harding Idris , Jasem Hussain , Kolatsi-Joannou Maria , Jafree Daniyal J. , Pomeranz Gideon , Long David A. , Yellon Derek M. , Bell Robert M.
Published: August 2024

Hyperglycaemia is common during acute coronary syndromes (ACS) irrespective of diabetic status and portends excess infarct size and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We hypothesized that sodium/glucose linked transporter-1 (SGLT1) might contribute to the effect of high-glucose during ACS and examined this using an ex-vivo rodent heart model of ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 35 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion, with variable glucose and reciprocal mannitol given during reperfusion in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors of SGLT1. Myocardial SGLT1 expression was determined in rat by rtPCR, RNAscope and immunohistochemistry, as well as in human by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. High glucose in non-diabetic rat heart exacerbated reperfusion injury, significantly increasing infarct size from 45 ± 3 to 65 ± 4% at 11–22 mmol/L glucose, respectively (p < 0.01), an association absent in diabetic heart (32 ± 1–37 ± 5%, p = NS). Rat heart expressed SGLT1 RNA and protein in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes, with similar expression found in human myocardium by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing. Rat SGLT1 expression was significantly reduced in diabetic versus non-diabetic heart (0.608 ± 0.08 compared with 1.116 ± 0.13 probe/nuclei, p < 0.01). Pharmacological inhibitors phlorizin, canagliflozin or mizagliflozoin in non-diabetic heart revealed that blockade of SGLT1 but not SGLT2, abrogated glucose-mediated excess reperfusion injury. Elevated glucose is injurious to the rat heart during reperfusion, exacerbating myocardial infarction in non-diabetic heart, whereas the diabetic heart is resistant to raised glucose, a finding which may be explained by lower myocardial SGLT1 expression. SGLT1 is expressed in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes and inhibiting SGLT1 abrogates excess glucose-mediated infarction. These data highlight SGLT1 as a potential clinical translational target to improve morbidity/mortality outcomes in hyperglycemic ACS patients.
Alcohol consumers with liver pathology rarely display α-synuclein pathology
Authors: Libard Sylwia , Tamsen Fredrik , Alafuzoff Irina
Published: August 2024

It has been suggested that alcohol consumption protects against Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we assessed postmortem tissue samples from the brains and livers of 100 subjects with ages at death ranging from 51 to 93. Twenty percent of these subjects were demented. We used standardized assessment strategies to assess both the brain and liver pathologies (LP). Our cohort included subjects with none, mild, moderate, and severe LP caused by alcohol consumption. We noted a significant negative correlation of categorical data between liver steatosis and α-synuclein (αS) in the brain and a significant negative correlation between the extent of liver steatosis and fibrosis and the extent of αS in the brain. There was a significant negative association between the observation of Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes and αS pathology in the brain. No association was noted between LP and hyperphosphorylated τ (HPτ). No significant correlation could be seen between the extent of LP and the extent of HPτ, amyloid β protein (Aβ) or transactive DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43) in the brain. There were significant correlations observed between the extent of HPτ, Aβ, αS, and TDP43 in the brain and between liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Subjects with severe LP displayed a higher frequency of Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes compared to those with no, or mild, LP. The assessed protein alterations were not more prevalent or severe in subjects with Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes in the brain. In all cases, dementia was attributed to a combination of altered proteins, i.e., mixed dementia and dementia was observed in 30% of those with mild LP when compared with 13% of those with severe LP. In summary, our results are in line with the outcome obtained by the two recent meta-analyses suggesting that subjects with a history of alcohol consumption seldom develop an α-synucleinopathy.
Assisted reproductive technology and the risk of fetal congenital heart disease: insights from a tertiary-care referral center
Authors: Piemonti Linda , Vettor Laura , Balducci Anna , Farina Antonio , Contro Elena
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To investigate whether congenital heart diseases exhibit higher rates in pregnancies achieved through assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to natural conception.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between categories of congenital heart diseases and three conception groups (IVF, ICSI, and natural pregnancies). The main outcome measures are risks of congenital heart disease categories in IVF and ICSI groups using the natural group as reference. We selected fetuses referred for fetal echocardiography to IRCCS Policlinico Sant’Orsola, Bologna, between January 2005 and November 2023, diagnosed with congenital heart diseases.

Results

We categorized the congenital heart diseases into six groups based on anatomical and embryological criteria. The estimated risk of left ventricular outflow tract, valvular, conotruncal, and atrioventricular septal defects was lower in the IVF group compared to natural conception. The estimated risk of valvular and atrioventricular septal defects was lower in the ICSI group vs natural. Conversely, the risk for right heart anomalies was higher both in the IVF and ICSI groups compared to natural conception. Heart rhythm diseases were more frequent in IVF pregnancies. When comparing ART methods, valvular defects, conotruncal defects, and right heart anomalies were more frequently observed in the ICSI group, while atrioventricular septal defects were more common in the IVF group.

Conclusion

Significant differences were found in the occurrence of congenital heart diseases in pregnancies conceived through IVF and ICSI, versus those conceived naturally, underscoring the importance of further studying the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
Establishment of a prognostic risk model for prostate cancer based on Gleason grading and cuprotosis related genes
Authors: Wang Haicheng , Xie Meiyi , Zhao Yuming , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Prostate cancer (PCa) is common in aging males, diagnosed via the Gleason grading system. The study explores the unexamined prognostic value of cuprotosis, a distinct cell death type, alongside Gleason grades in PCa.

Methods

We explored Cuprotosis-related genes (CRGs) in prostate cancer (PCa), using NMF on TCGA-PRAD data for patient classification and WGCNA to link genes with Gleason scores and prognosis. A risk model was crafted via LASSO Cox regression. STX3 knockdown in PC-3 cells, analyzed for effects on cell behaviors and tumor growth in mice, highlighted its potential therapeutic impact.

Results

We identified five genes crucial for a prognostic risk model, with higher risk scores indicating worse prognosis. Survival analysis and ROC curves confirmed the model’s predictive accuracy in TCGA-PRAD and GSE70769 datasets. STX3 was a key adverse prognostic factor, with its knockdown significantly reducing mRNA and protein levels, impairing PC-3 cell functions. In vivo, STX3 knockdown in PC-3 cells led to significantly smaller tumors in nude mice, underscoring its potential therapeutic value.

Conclusion

Our prognostic model, using five genes linked to Gleason scores, effectively predicts prostate cancer outcomes, offering a novel treatment strategy angle.
Evaluation of radiofrequency identification tag accuracy using bronchoscopy with fluoroscopy and virtual navigation guidance before segmentectomy
Authors: Komatsu Masamichi , Miura Kentaro , Yamanaka Miwa , Suzuki Yusuke , Araki Taisuke , Goto Norihiko , Akahane Jumpei , Sonehara Kei , Matsuoka Shunichiro , Eguchi Takashi , Hamanaka Kazutoshi , Shimizu Kimihiro , Yasuo Masanori , Hanaoka Masayuki
Published: August 2024

Background

The use of sublobar resection has increased with advances in imaging technologies. However, it is difficult for thoracic surgeons to identify small lung tumours intraoperatively. Radiofrequency identification (RFID) lung-marking systems are useful for overcoming this difficulty; however, accurate placement is essential for maximum effectiveness.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent RFID tag placement via fluoroscopic bronchoscopy under virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) guidance before our institution’s sublobar resection of lung lesions. Thirty-one patients with 31 lung lesions underwent RFID lung-marking with fluoroscopic bronchoscopy under VBN guidance. Results: Of the 31 procedures, 26 tags were placed within 10 mm of the target site, 2 were placed more than 10 mm away from the target site, and 3 were placed in a different area from the target bronchus. No clinical complications were associated with RFID tag placement, such as pneumothorax or bleeding. The contribution of the RFID lung-marking system to surgery was high, particularly when the RFID tag was placed at the target site and tumour was located in the intermediate hilar zone.

Conclusions

An RFID tag can be placed near the target site using fluoroscopic bronchoscopy in combination with VBN guidance. RFID tag placement under fluoroscopic bronchoscopy with VBN guidance is useful for certain segmentectomies.
Schwarzstart, Betrieb und Synchronisation eines umrichterbasierten Inselnetzes geführt durch einen netzbildenden Batteriespeicher
Authors: Vogel Carolin , Ufkes Anja , Witzmann Rolf
Published: August 2024

Die Umsetzung eines Konzepts für den Inselnetzbetrieb setzt im Allgemeinen detaillierte Kenntnisse der zugrundeliegenden netzbildenden Regelung voraus. Basiert das Konzept auf dem Betrieb eines netzbildenden Batteriespeichers, ist der Einsatz zusätzlicher Erzeugungseinheiten mit einzuplanen, da der Batteriespeicher nicht unbegrenzt Leistung zur Verfügung stellen kann. Die Regelungen dieser zusätzlichen Erzeugungseinheiten und deren Einfluss auf die netzbildende Regelung des Batteriespeichers sind im Konzept für den Inselnetzbetrieb zu berücksichtigen. Dies gilt sowohl für netzparallel betriebene Anlagen als auch für weitere netzbildende Einheiten. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse eines Feldversuchs zur Erfassung des Regelverhaltens eines Batteriespeichers mit netzbildender Droop-Regelung vorgestellt. Untersucht werden verschiedene Belastungen des Batteriespeichers im netzbildenden Betriebsmodus, die gemeinsame Inselnetzbildung in Kombination mit einem Notstromaggregat und die Synchronisation mit dem öffentlichen Netz. Generell zeigt sich ein stabiles Spannungs- und Frequenzverhalten im Inselnetz entsprechend der eingestellten f(P)- bzw. U(Q)-Statiken, auch bei Belastung des Batteriespeichers über die Nennleistung hinaus. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bilden die Grundlage für weiterführende Untersuchungen in Form von Simulationen und die Validierung vorhandener Modelle.
Optimal hyperglycemia thresholds in patients undergoing chemotherapy: a cross sectional study of oncologists’ practices
Authors: Salgado Teresa M. , Birari Poorva B. , Alshahawey Mona , Hickey Zacholski Erin , Mackler Emily , Buffington Tonya M. , Musselman Kerri T. , Irvin William J. , Perkins Jennifer M. , Le Trang N. , Dixon Dave L. , Farris Karen B. , Sheppard Vanessa B. , Jones Resa M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Neither the United States nor the European oncology guidelines include details for appropriate management of hyperglycemia in cancer patients. The aim was to identify fasting and random blood glucose thresholds, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets used by oncologists in clinical practice when managing hyperglycemia in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods

This national, cross sectional study utilized a questionnaire to collect oncologists’ perceptions about optimal blood glucose thresholds and HbA1c targets in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize glucose thresholds, HbA1c targets, and sample characteristics. Responses to an open-ended question about oncologists’ approach to hyperglycemia management were analyzed via thematic analysis using an inductive approach.

Results

Respondents (n = 229) were on average 52.1 years of age, 67.7% men, and 91.3% White. For patients without diabetes but experiencing hyperglycemia, oncologists targeted lower and upper fasting blood glucose levels between 75-121 mg/dL and 105-135 mg/dL, respectively. For patients with diabetes, the targets for lower and upper fasting blood glucose levels ranged between 100-130 mg/dL and 128-150 mg/dL, respectively. Fasting blood glucose (95.6%) and HbA1c (78.6%) were the most commonly used clinical indicators to consider chemotherapy dose reduction, delay, or discontinuation due to hyperglycemia in patients receiving chemotherapy with curative intent. Among those receiving palliative intent chemotherapy, the preferred clinical parameters were random blood glucose (90.0%), patient-reported blood glucose readings (70.7%), continuous glucose monitoring readings (65.1%), and patient-reported symptoms of hyperglycemia (65.1%). Three main themes emerged about oncologists’ approach to hyperglycemia management: 1) identification of high-risk patients; 2) need for early identification, screening, and diagnosis of hyperglycemia; and 3) multiple hyperglycemia management strategies.

Conclusion

Oncologists reported a wide variation of target blood glucose ranges considered appropriate in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Lack of clear guidance for hyperglycemia management during chemotherapy in the United States may be contributing to a lack of consistency in clinical practice.
Machine learning applications for vascular stenosis detection in computed tomography angiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anwer Ali M. O. A. , Karacan Hacer , Enver Levent , Cabuk Gonca
Published: August 2024

In an era in which cardiovascular disease has become the main cause of death all over the world, diagnostic accuracy in identifying blood vessels has become particularly important. Vascular stenosis causes serious health risks by affecting blood flow, leading to conditions like heart attacks and strokes. Traditional diagnostic methods face challenges in terms of timeliness and accuracy. Our systematic review aims to critically assess the role of machine learning (ML) techniques in enhancing computed tomography angiography’s (CTA) diagnostic capabilities for vasoconstriction. This review followed the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and focused on research articles published between January 2013 and October 2023 collected from databases such as PubMed, IEEE, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies focus on multiphase CTA or dynamic CTA; papers do not use the ML; and papers not in English are removed. The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS2 tool. The results were analyzed in tabular form using metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and examine variations in stenosis detection by anatomical regions. In our review, a total of 63 studies were identified as relevant. These studies included a variety of ML applications for identifying anatomical stenosis of the arteries in different anatomical areas. The findings highlighted a trend of high sensitivity and specificity in broader anatomical assessments, with nuanced variations observed in detailed segmental analysis. The review acknowledges limitations within the existing studies, including the retrospective nature of most studies and their limited scope in terms of patient diversity and center variation. Nonetheless, the implications of integrating ML in vascular stenosis detection via CTA are profound, suggesting a pivotal shift toward more accurate, efficient, and patient-centric diagnostic practices in cardiovascular care.

Registration: The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO, with the registration number CRD420234603.
A tribute to Graziella Berta (1948–2024): research milestones and highlights
Authors: Lingua Guido , Gianinazzi-Pearson Vivienne
Published: August 2024

Graziella Berta, a well-known mycorrhiza researcher, passed away in her home in Torino (Italy) on March 2nd, 2024, at the age of 75. We were both fortunate to know Graziella personally and to greatly appreciate her professionally, by working closely with her in the same research group in Alessandria (GL) or through many collaborative projects over the years (VGP). Here, we recall some of the milestones in her research and particularly the important contribution she has made to knowledge about plant interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial rhizosphere bacteria.
Preoperative treatment with dopamine agonist therapy influences surgical outcome in prolactinoma: a retrospective single-center on 159 patients
Authors: Ryba Alice , Gonzalez Lopez Diego , Rotermund Roman , Flitsch Jörg
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Prolactinoma account to the most common pituitary adenomas and current therapy regime constitutes of dopamine agonist therapy (DA) and surgery in selected cases [17]. Due to tumor fibrosis induced by previous DA therapy, surgical removal can be challenging though. Therefore, this study investigates how preoperative DA usage influences perioperative treatment and surgical outcome in prolactinoma and aims to ascertain whether a specific subgroup of prolactinoma patients could derive greater benefit from exclusive surgical intervention.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed n = 159 surgically treated and histologically confirmed prolactinomas in the sella region from 2013–2022 in our institution. Clinical, radiological and surgical features were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results

Out of total of 159 prolactinoma patients, 83.6% received previous treatment with DA followed by surgery, while only 16.4% received exclusive surgery. Both groups presented similar initial tumor volumes (1.9cm3 vs. 1.5cm3, p = 0.59) and equal preoperative prolactin levels (PRL) (199.7 µg/l vs. 191.0 µg/l, p = 0.44). Surgical procedures took significantly longer when patients received prior DA treatment (79 min. vs. 70 min., p = 0.0479). Six months after surgery, pretreated patients revealed significantly higher PRL compared to non-treated (107 g/l vs. 8.64 µg/, p = 0.0009). Additionally, untreated microprolactinoma presented a remission of 100%, whereas pretreated exhibited a remission rate of 88.75%.

Conclusion

The current study demonstrates that prior DA treatment is associated with significantly longer surgeries, higher recurrence rates and lower rates of normalization of PRL levels after surgery, particularly in microprolactinomas and support the latest recommendations of the Pituitary Society's Consensus Statement 2023, which favors the option of surgery alone as first-line therapy for microprolactinomas.
The value of histopathologic examination and Xpert (MTB/RIF) assay in diagnosis of cervical lymph node tuberculosis after coarse needle biopsy guided by CEUS: a retrospective analysis of 612 cases
Authors: Zhang Wenzhi , Xu Jianping , Zhang Lin , Ni Tu
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the value of histopathological examination (HPE) and Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) assay in diagnosis of cervical lymph node tuberculosis (LN TB) after coarse needle biopsy (CNB).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 612 samples obtained from October 2017 to August 2023 from patients suspected cervical LN TB with surgically pathological, microbial culture confirmed, and clinically confirmed cervical lymph node enlargement who received ultrasound-guided CNB assisted by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) at our hospital. All specimens were assessed by HPE and the Xpert (MTB/RIF) assay. We analyzed the results to determine the diagnostic value of HPE and Xpert (MTB/RIF) assay in samples taken after CEUS-assisted CNB of LN TB, and to evaluate the safety of CNB.

Results

Based on the comprehensive reference standard established in this study, 532 of 612 patients were diagnosed with cervical LN TB, of which 476 were CNB positive cases, the positive rate of diagnosis was 89.5%。The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative and predictive value of HPE were 80.4%, 91.2%, 98.4%, 41.2% respectively, while those of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay were 75.7%, 98.7%, 99.7%, 38.0% respectively. No postoperative complications were noted, and the Clavien–Dindo grade was 2.

Conclusion

CEUS-assisted CNB has high diagnostic value and is safe for cervical LN TB. The sensitivity of HPE is slightly higher than that of Xpert (MTB/RIF) assay, and the specificity of Xpert (MTB/RIF) assay is higher than that of HPE, so Xpert (MTB/RIF) assay can correct the cervical lymph node tuberculosis with negative HPE.
Receptor Discordance in Metastatic Breast Cancer; a review of clinical and genetic subtype alterations from primary to metastatic disease
Authors: Dowling Gavin P. , Keelan Stephen , Cosgrove Nicola S. , Daly Gordon R. , Giblin Katie , Toomey Sinead , Hennessy Bryan T. , Hill Arnold D. K.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Receptor and subtype discordance between primary breast tumours and metastases is a frequently reported phenomenon. The aim of this article is to review the current evidence on receptor discordance in metastatic breast cancer and to explore the benefit of performing a repeat biopsy in this context.

Methods

Searches were undertaken on PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov for relevant publications and trials.

Conclusion

The current guidelines recommend offering to perform a biopsy of a metastatic lesion to evaluate receptor status. The choice of systemic therapy in metastatic disease is often based on the receptor status of the primary lesion. As therapeutic decision making is guided by subtype, biopsy of the metastatic lesion to determine receptor status may alter treatment. This article discusses discordance rates, the mechanisms of receptor discordance, the effect of discordance on treatment and survival outcomes, as well as highlighting some ongoing clinical trials in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
An improved moth flame optimization for optimal DG and battery energy storage allocation in distribution systems
Authors: Elseify Mohamed A. , Kamel Salah , Nasrat Loai
Published: August 2024

Deploying distributed generators (DGs) powered by renewable energy poses a significant challenge for effective power system operation. Optimally scheduling DGs, especially photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind turbines (WTs), is critical because of the unpredictable nature of wind speed and solar radiation. These intermittencies have posed considerable challenges to power grids, including power oscillation, increased losses, and voltage instability. To overcome these challenges, the battery energy storage (BES) system supports the PV unit, while the biomass aids the WT unit, mitigating power fluctuations and boosting supply continuity. Therefore, the main innovation of this study is presenting an improved moth flame optimization algorithm (IMFO) to capture the optimal scheduling of multiple dispatchable and non-dispatchable DGs for mitigating energy loss in power grids, considering different dynamic load characteristics. The IMFO algorithm comprises a new update position expression based on a roulette wheel selection strategy as well as Gaussian barebones (GB) and quasi-opposite-based learning (QOBL) mechanisms to enhance exploitation capability, global convergence rate, and solution precision. The IMFO algorithm's success rate and effectiveness are evaluated using 23rd benchmark functions and compared with the basic MFO algorithm and other seven competitors using rigorous statistical analysis. The developed optimizer is then adopted to study the performance of the 69-bus and 118-bus distribution grids, considering deterministic and stochastic DG's optimal planning. The findings reflect the superiority of the developed algorithm against its rivals, emphasizing the influence of load types and varying generations in DG planning. Numerically, the optimal deployment of BES + PV and biomass + WT significantly maximizes the energy loss reduction percent to 68.3471 and 98.0449 for the 69-bus's commercial load type and to 54.833 and 52.0623 for the 118-bus's commercial load type, respectively, confirming the efficacy of the developed algorithm for maximizing the performance of distribution systems in diverse situations.
Optimal fiscal policy in times of uncertainty: a stochastic control approach
Authors: Neck Reinhard , Blueschke Dmitri , Blueschke-Nikolaeva Viktoria
Published: August 2024

This paper deals with the possibilities of designing optimal fiscal policy under uncertainty. First, different forms of uncertainty are discussed for economic policy analysis and design. For dynamic models under uncertainty, a stochastic optimum control framework is presented. Algorithms for nonlinear models are briefly reviewed: OPTCON1 for open-loop control, OPTCON2 for open-loop feedback (passive learning) control, and OPTCON3 for dual control with active learning. The OPTCON algorithms determine approximately optimal fiscal policies. The results from calculating these policies for a small macroeconometric model for Slovenia serve to illustrate the applicability of the OPTCON algorithms and compare their solutions. The results show that the most sophisticated and time intensive active-learning solution, which requires the use of an extremely small and simple model of the economy, is not necessarily superior to the simpler solutions. For actual policy design problems and policy advice, it will often be better to neglect the stochastic uncertainty and use deterministic optimization instead, especially since in practice, the most important forms of uncertainty are not stochastic but relate to the model specification, the behaviour of other policy makers or other agents, or fundamental uncertainty that cannot be dealt with at all.
Evaluation and interpretation of landscapes from satellite imagery
Authors: San Martin Saldias Daisy , McGlade James , Guzman Aguayo Liliana , Reinke Karin , Wallace Luke
Published: August 2024

Satellite imagery allows us to view landscapes from a bird’s eye view, providing a new dimension in appreciating the environments we inhabit. This alternative perspective has the potential to shape individual perceptions of landscapes and play a pivotal role in land management decision-making and communication. However, the interpretation and appreciation of landscapes seen in satellite imagery may vary among observers. This study investigates the relationship between individuals’ ability to interpret images from eye-level and satellite perspectives, their familiarity with the landscape, and their appreciation of land cover from this viewpoint. To achieve this, a survey was conducted presenting respondents with images of land cover classes captured at eye level and from satellite imagery of the Yungay municipality in Chile. Participants were asked to interpret the primary land use land cover (LULC) depicted in the imagery and indicate their appreciation of that landscape. Variation in the interpretation of LULC was observed between the image source and land cover type. For instance, forest classes seen in eye-level imagery were more accurately interpreted compared to satellite imagery, while the reverse was true for agriculture. These differences in interpretation also impacted the appreciation scores assigned to the landscapes in the images. Specifically, if respondents perceived an image to be dominated by a traditionally appreciated land cover (e.g., Native Vegetation), they provided a higher score, even if the image depicted another class (e.g., Plantation Forestry). These findings highlight that considering the influence of satellite imagery in shaping perception is crucial in supporting land management activities.
CMK: Enhancing Resource Usage Monitoring across Diverse Bioinformatics Workflow Management Systems
Authors: Nica Robert , Götz Stefan , Moltó Germán
Published: August 2024

The increasing use of multiple Workflow Management Systems (WMS) employing various workflow languages and shared workflow repositories enhances the open-source bioinformatics ecosystem. Efficient resource utilization in these systems is crucial for keeping costs low and improving processing times, especially for large-scale bioinformatics workflows running in cloud environments. Recognizing this, our study introduces a novel reference architecture, Cloud Monitoring Kit (CMK), for a multi-platform monitoring system. Our solution is designed to generate uniform, aggregated metrics from containerized workflow tasks scheduled by different WMS. Central to the proposed solution is the use of task labeling methods, which enable convenient grouping and aggregating of metrics independent of the WMS employed. This approach builds upon existing technology, providing additional benefits of modularity and capacity to seamlessly integrate with other data processing or collection systems. We have developed and released an open-source implementation of our system, which we evaluated on Amazon Web Services (AWS) using a transcriptomics data analysis workflow executed on two scientific WMS. The findings of this study indicate that CMK provides valuable insights into resource utilization. In doing so, it paves the way for more efficient management of resources in containerized scientific workflows running in public cloud environments, and it provides a foundation for optimizing task configurations, reducing costs, and enhancing scheduling decisions. Overall, our solution addresses the immediate needs of bioinformatics workflows and offers a scalable and adaptable framework for future advancements in cloud-based scientific computing.
Turning universities into data-driven organisations: seven dimensions of change
Authors: Komljenovic Janja , Sellar Sam , Birch Kean
Published: August 2024

Universities are striving to become data-driven organisations, benefitting from data collection, analysis, and various data products, such as business intelligence, learning analytics, personalised recommendations, behavioural nudging, and automation. However, datafication of universities is not an easy process. We empirically explore the struggles and challenges of UK universities in making digital and personal data useful and valuable. We structure our analysis along seven dimensions: the aspirational dimension explores university datafication aims and the challenges of achieving them; the technological dimension explores struggles with digital infrastructure supporting datafication and data quality; the legal dimension includes data privacy, security, vendor management, and new legal complexities that datafication brings; the commercial dimension tackles proprietary data products developed using university data and relations between universities and EdTech companies; the organisational dimension discusses data governance and institutional management relevant to datafication; the ideological dimension explores ideas about data value and the paradoxes that emerge between these ideas and university practices; and the existential dimension considers how datafication changes the core functioning of universities as social institutions.
Effects of SARS-COV-2 on molecules involved in vascularization and autophagy in placenta tissues
Authors: Simioni C. , Sanz J. M. , Gafà R. , Tagliatti V. , Greco P. , Passaro A. , Neri L. M.
Published: August 2024

SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered as a multi-organ disease, and several studies highlighted the relevance of the virus infection in the induction of vascular injury and tissue morphological alterations, including placenta. In this study, immunohistochemical analyses were carried out on placenta samples derived from women with COVID-19 infection at delivery (SARS-CoV-2 PCR+) or women healed from a COVID-19 infection (SARS-CoV-2 negative at delivery, SARS-CoV-2 PCR-) or women who gave birth before 2019 (Control). Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), endothelial CD34 marker, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and total Microtubule-associated protein 1 Light Chain 3B marker (LC3B) were investigated in parallel with SPIKE protein by standard IHC. Multiplexed Immunohistochemical Consecutive Staining on Single Slide (MICSSS) was used to examine antigen co-expression in the same specimen. SPIKE protein was detected in villi and decidua from women with ongoing infection, with no significant differences in SPIKE staining between both biopsy sites. VEGF was significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2 PCR + biopsies compared to control and SARS-CoV-2 PCR- samples, and MICSSS method showed the co-localization of SPIKE with VEGF and CD34. The induction of autophagy, as suggested by the LC3B increase in SARS-CoV-2 PCR + biopsies and the co-expression of LC3B with SPIKE protein, may explain one of the different mechanisms by which placenta may react to infection. These data could provide important information on the impact that SARS-CoV-2 may have on the placenta and mother-to-fetus transmission.
Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for Collaborative Multi-Robot Systems Based on Task Execution Measures
Authors: Slim Malak , Daher Naseem , Elhajj Imad H.
Published: August 2024

Multi-robot systems (MRSs) is a growing field of research that focuses on the collaboration of multiple robots to achieve a common global objective. Managing these systems poses several challenges, including coordination, task allocation, and communication. Among these challenges, a major area of focus is devising an effective communication scheme that ensures robots’ cooperation and adapts to varying conditions during task execution. In this paper, we develop a novel communication management framework tailored for MRSs, specifically addressing dynamic bandwidth distribution in networked teleoperated robotic systems. The algorithm is combined with semi-autonomous formation control based on the Artificial Potential Fields (APF) algorithm, which allows each individual robot to avoid local obstacles autonomously and tries to maintain a desired formation with its neighbors, while the operator is in charge of high-level control only. Common Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithms allocate bandwidth to different units based on network conditions and requirements. On the other hand, our proposed DBA scheme dynamically distributes the available bandwidth on communication streams based on factors related to task execution and system performance. In specific, bandwidth is allocated in a way that adapts to changes occurring in the system’s environment and its internal state, including the effect of the autonomous action taken by the path planner on the MRS and the performance of the controller of each individual robot. By addressing the limitations of existing approaches through shaping the communication behavior of the MRS based on performance measures, our proposed algorithm offers a promising solution for improving the performance and efficiency of MRSs. The proposed scheme is tested through simulations on a group of six unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the Robot Operating System (ROS)-Gazebo simulation environment. The obtained results show the scheme’s capability for enhancing the robotic system’s performance while significantly reducing bandwidth consumption. Experimental testing on two mobile robots further demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Death Feigning in Larvae of Scorpionflies (Mecoptera: Panorpidae): Frequency and Postural Changes Based on Larval Instars
Authors: Ishihara Ryo , Matsumura Kentarou , Miyatake Takahisa
Published: August 2024

Death feigning is thought to have evolved primarily as a predator avoidance behavior, and has been reported in 10 of the 31 orders of insects. However, there have been no reports of death-feigning behavior in Mecoptera species. We found that larvae of two scorpionfly species, Panorpa japonica and P. pryeri, showed death feigning in response to external stimuli by brush poking stimulation. First, we examined the frequencies of death-feigning postures. The two species showed two different postures of death feigning, “straight” and “ball.” Most of the 1st instar larvae of P. japonica and P. pryeri adopted the straight death-feigning posture. Next, we examined duration of death feigning. As the larval instar progressed, the death-feigning posture shifted from straight to ball in both Panorpa species. In P. japonica, the longest durations of death feigning were found in the 2nd to 3rd instars, while the longest duration of death feigning was found in the late 4th instar in P. pryeri larvae.
Structural assessment of electric two-wheeler battery enclosure: thermal and structural study
Authors: Chidambaram Ramesh Kumar , Pedapati Prithvi Raj , Kanna P. Rajesh , Taler Dawid , Sobota Tomasz , Taler Jan
Published: August 2024

In recent times, electric two-wheelers (ETWs) are changing the face of the global automotive market. This study focused on selecting the proper material and mechanical isolation gap to design a protective enclosure for the battery pack of ETW. The integration of the failure, modes, mechanism and effect analysis (FMMEA) method is utilized to develop the interface matrix and the severity index of different components of the enclosure. By analysing different forces from the road conditions, dynamics during turn, acceleration and deceleration with the enclosure, it becomes a crucial load-bearing element. Employing finite element modelling (FEM), structural strength using materials like AL6061, Q235, C22000, DC01 and Teflon is assessed under varying static, dynamic and thermal conditions. Modal analysis is conducted to observe the excitation frequencies where the maximum deformation for the metal enclosure is observed beyond 500 Hz. AL6061 material that can withstand the stresses and deformations that are under allowable stress limits with negligible deformation is the most preferable material based on the results. A minimum of 2.5-mm gap is to be provided in case of metal enclosure and 10 mm in case of Teflon is proven.
A Scoping Review of Patient-Centered Perinatal Contraceptive Counseling
Authors: Karlin Jennifer , Newmark Rebecca L. , Oberman Nina , Dehlendorf Christine
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Contraceptive counseling during the perinatal period is an important component of comprehensive perinatal care. We synthesized research about contraceptive counseling during the perinatal period, which has not previously been systematically compiled.

Methods

We developed search criteria to identify articles listed in PubMed, Embase, and Popline databases published between 1992 and July 2022 that address patients’ preferences for, and experiences of, perinatal contraceptive counseling, as well as health outcomes associated with this counseling. Search results were independently reviewed by multiple reviewers to assess relevance for the present review. Methods were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Thirty-four articles were included in the final full text review. Of the included articles, 10 included implementation and evaluation of a contraceptive counseling method or protocol, and 24 evaluated preferences for or experiences of existing contraceptive counseling in the perinatal period. Common themes included the acceptability of contraceptive counseling in the peripartum and postpartum periods, and a preference for contraceptive counseling at some point during the antenatal period and before the inpatient hospital experience, and direct provider-patient discussion instead of video or written material. Multiple studies suggest that timing, content, and modality should be individualized. In general, avoiding actual or perceived directiveness and providing multi-modal counseling that includes both written educational materials and patient-provider conversations was desired.

Discussion

The perinatal period constitutes a critical opportunity to provide contraceptive counseling that can support pregnant and postpartum people’s management of their reproductive futures. The reviewed studies highlight the importance of patient-centered approach to providing this care, including flexibility of timing, content, and modality to accommodate individual preferences.
Which droughts are becoming more frequent? A copula entropy analysis on the return period of droughts in Europe
Authors: Alencar Pedro H. L. , Paton Eva N.
Published: August 2024

Climate change and global warming have increased the frequency of extreme events, particularly over the past decades. Changes in drought frequency are not yet understood, especially regarding which drought features are becoming more frequent (e.g., are longer or high-magnitude droughts becoming more frequent, or both?). In this study, we present a novel methodology to accurately and consistently estimate changes in return periods of different types of droughts. For this purpose, we implemented copula-entropy theory to assess drought frequencies and their changes. As an example of the application of the proposed method, we used data from the European Climate Assessment and Dataset (ECA&D), from which we selected 26 stations in Central Europe with over 100 years of data and low incidence of missing days (

$$\le$$

≤

0.3%). The results of the new analysis indicate that there was a high variability in the frequency change patterns across Central Europe over the last century; however, most regions have experienced an increase in the frequency of medium-to-high intensity droughts. The use of the copula-entropy theory to assess drought frequency is a reliable method that allows systematic monitoring and easy updating of current knowledge, and is computationally efficient and statistically robust.