bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A BIBLIOTECA PESSOAL DO VISCONDE DO RIO BRANCO
Authors: Pereira Paulo Henrique Rodrigues , Duarte Caio Henrique Dias
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo busca analisar a construção e o diálogo de ideias na política do Brasil Império, a partir do acervo específico da biblioteca particular de José Maria da Silva Paranhos, Visconde do Rio Branco (1819-1880), figura síntese da elite imperial. Considerando sua influência em processos como a construção da Paz Platina e a Lei do Ventre Livre, as marcas de proveniência e as anotações de sua biblioteca, hoje no acervo do Ministério das Relações Exteriores no Rio de Janeiro, serão interpretadas e relacionadas com sua atuação política, diplomática e jurídica, além de sua formação intelectual e diálogo com outros atores da época. Com isso, procura-se demonstrar um panorama da construção da história e dos eventos de seu tempo a partir de sua relação com os livros e de seu ex-libris a suas notas e correções.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DAS MARCAS DE PROVENIÊNCIA NO ACERVO DE MANGUINHOS
Authors: Almeida Fátima Duarte de , Santiago Maria Claudia
Published: January 2023

Considera-se marcas de proveniência bibliográficas de um acervo, é imprescindível conhecer primeiro a história da instituição, da biblioteca e do próprio acervo onde os exemplares e suas marcas estão inseridos, afinal são parte de um todo e existindo um propósito para cada movimento de entrada e permanência dos itens que o constituem. Procurou-se considerar algumas singularidades entre as marcas de propriedade e as marcas de proveniência, aplicando este olhar sobre o acervo da Biblioteca de Manguinhos. Em um primeiro momento apenas observar, depois passou-se a fotografar e conferir marcas “estranhas” para futura identificação e, em seguida, passou-se a registrar em planilhas de organização física as marcas localizadas nos exemplares de forma sistemática. Em seguida, começamos a nos aproximar de um vocabulário próprio destas marcas e nos apropriar de um conhecimento que pudesse se transmutar em informação. As marcas de proveniência adquirem, portanto, um sentido de evidenciar a formação e desenvolvimento da coleção resultante dos 120 anos de pesquisa institucional, alicerçadas na herança documental, científica e de potencial cultural do acervo de Manguinhos. Assim como vem sendo parte da produção científica da Fiocruz ao longo da sua existência, também integra seu patrimônio cultural e da sociedade em que está inserida.
Recurrent Angina After Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Fan Caifeng , Wang Hao , Gu Yunfei
Published: January 2023

This case report describes a patient in their 50s with recurrent abdominal pain and syncope after drinking alcohol.
Wuwei(Non‐Action)
Authors: Sanderovitch Sharon
Published: January 2023

Wuwei(lit. “without” + “doing”), a phrase most widely known as “non‐action,” has become one of the hallmarks of ancient Chinese philosophy in the modern era, yet its meaning(s) and usage in the early literature, as well as the analysis of its conceptual development and its “proper” translation, remain a source of disagreement. What is beyond doubt is that – regardless of questions of origins, which according to some may well be abandoned in favor of attention to inventive usage patterns – by the early imperial periodwuweihad become a linguistic and conceptual category variously used in the discourse of ideal rulership and governmental methods as well as the individual's psyche and action in the world. Extant translations accordingly suggest a wide range of notions, from physical idleness and delegation of authority, through the ease of spontaneity or skill, to an other‐orientedlaissez‐faireapproach. In light of such a variety of applications, readers should further allow for the possibility that not only the field of reference (i.e., self‐cultivation, rulership, or sometimes both) and the particular import may change from one instance to the other, but also, in accordance with the former, the linguistic analysis of the phrase itself: whether it performs as a hyperbole, a metaphor, or an image that claims descriptive qualities. Either way, as is by now widely acknowledged, references towuweiin the early textual corpus should not be assumed,a priori, to have served as a keyword encoding one particular philosophical tradition or school of thought.
Programmable Nucleation and Growth of Ultrathin Tellurium Nanowires via a Pulsed Physical Vapor Deposition Design
Authors: Li Sainan , Zhang Hao , Ruan Hongcheng , Cheng Zhiheng , Yao Yonggang , Zhuge Fuwei , Zhai Tianyou
Published: January 2023

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods have been widely employed for high‐quality crystal growth and thin‐film deposition in semiconductor electronics. However, the fabrication of emerging low dimensional nanostructures is hitherto challenging in conventional PVD systems due to their large thermal mass and near‐continuous operation which hinder flexible control of the nucleation and growth events. Herein, a pulsed PVD method is reported that features finely controllable temperature and heating time (down to milliseconds), which enables programming of the vapor supersaturation and decoupling of nucleation and growth events. Take tellurium as an example, the pulsed PVD allows transient source vaporization (≈1000 °C, 30 ms) for burst nucleation, followed by relatively low‐temperature volatilization (≈600 °C, 5 min) for steady‐state growth with well‐suppressed random nucleation. As a result, uniform and high‐density tellurium nanowires are obtained at the ultrathin thickness of sub‐10 nm and length >10 µm, which is in sharp contrast to the randomly formed nanostructures in conventional PVD. When used in the field‐effect transistor, the thin tellurium nanowires display a high on‐off ratio of >104 and hole mobility of ≈40 cm2 V−1 s−1, showing the potential for high‐performance electronics. Pulsed PVD therefore enables to flexibly program and finely tailor the nucleation and growth events during vapor phase deposition, which are otherwise impossible in conventional PVD.
In Vivo Precision Evaluation of Lymphatic Function by SWIR Luminescence Imaging with PbS Quantum Dots
Authors: Meng Xinxian , Li Huizhu , Chen Yuzhou , Sai Liman , Feng Sijia , Li Ke , Xi Wenjing , Li Yunxia , Thanh Nguyen T. K. , Wang Yueming , Wo Yan , Yang Xing , Hao Yuefeng , Zhang Yixin , Chen Jun , Feng Shaoqing
Published: January 2023

Advancements in lymphography technology are essential for comprehensive investigation of the lymphatic system and its function. Here, a shortwave infrared (SWIR) luminescence imaging of lymphatic vessels is proposed in both normal and lymphatic dysfunction in rat models with PbS quantum dots (PbS Qdots). The lymphography with PbS Qdots can clearly and rapidly demonstrate the normal lymphatic morphology in both the tail and hind limb. More importantly, compared to ICG, SWIR luminescence imaging with PbS Qdots can easily identify the dominant lymphatic vessel and node with higher luminescence signal in rats. Moreover, lymphatic pump is identified as segment contracting sections with a size of ≈1 cm in rat by in vivo SWIR lymphograhy, which propose a direct feature for precise evaluation of lymphatic function. Notably, in vivo SWIR luminescence imaging with PbS Qdots also clearly deciphers the in vivo pattern of morphological and function recovery from lymphatic system in rat model. In summary, SWIR luminescence imaging with PbS Qdots can improve the lymphography and thus deepen the understanding of the morphology and structure of the lymphatic system as well as lymphatic function such as lymphatic pump, which will facilitate the diagnosis of lymphatic dysfunction in the future.
Distributed state estimation from infrequent and delayed measurements in large‐scale processes
Authors: Samandari Masooleh Leila , Arbogast Jeffrey E. , Soroush Masoud
Published: January 2023

Effective control and monitoring of a process usually require frequent and delay‐free measurements of important process output variables. However, these measurements are often either not available or available infrequently with significant time delays. This article presents a method that allows for improving the performance of distributed state estimators implemented on large‐scale manufacturing processes. The method uses a sample state augmentation approach that permits using delayed measurements in distributed state estimation. The method can be used with any state estimator, including unscented Kalman filters, extended Kalman filters, and moving horizon state estimators. The method optimally handles the tradeoff between computational time and estimation accuracy in distributed state estimation implemented using a computer with parallel processors. Its implementation and performance are shown using a few simulated examples.
Idarubicin plus BuCy versus BuCy conditioning regimens for intermediate‐risk acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission undergoing auto‐HSCT: An open‐label, multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Liu Hui , Huang Fen , Zhang Yu , Wu Meiqing , Xu Na , Fan Zhiping , Sun Zhiqiang , Li Xudong , Lin Dongjun , Xiong Yiying , Liu Xiaodan , Lin Ren , Shi Pengcheng , Xu Jun , Wang Zhixiang , Li Xiaofang , Sun Jing , Liu Qifa , Xuan Li
Published: January 2023

We report a randomized prospective phase 3 study, designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of idarubicin plus busulfan and cyclophosphamide (IDA‐BuCy) versus BuCy in autologous hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (auto‐HSCT) for intermediate‐risk acute myeloid leukemia (IR‐AML) patients in first complete remission (CR1). One hundred and fifty‐four patients were enrolled and randomized to receive IDA‐BuCy (IDA 15 mg/m2/day on days −12 to −10, Bu 3.2 mg/kg/day on days −7 to −4, and Cy 60 mg/kg/day on days −3 to −2) or BuCy. The 2‐year incidence of relapse was 15.6% and 19.5% in IDA‐BuCy and BuCy groups (p = 0.482), respectively. There was no significant overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) benefit for IR‐AML patients receiving IDA‐BuCy (2‐year OS 81.8% in IDA‐BuCy vs. 83.1% in BuCy, p = 0.798; 2‐year DFS 76.6% in IDA‐BuCy vs. 79.2% in BuCy, p = 0.693). Grade 3 or worse regimen‐related toxicity (RRT) was reported for 22 (28.9%) of 76 and 9 (12.0%) of 75 patients in two groups (p = 0.015), respectively. AEs within 100 days with an outcome of death were reported for 4 (5.3%) and 0 patients in two groups. In conclusion, IDA‐BuCy has higher RRT and similar anti‐leukemic activity compared with BuCy in IR‐AML patients in CR1 undergoing auto‐HSCT. Thus, caution should be taken when choosing IDA‐BuCy for IR‐AML patients in CR1 with auto‐HSCT. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02671708, and is complete.
Thrombosis in multiple myeloma: Risk estimation by induction regimen and association with overall survival
Authors: Charalampous Charalampos , Goel Utkarsh , Kapoor Prashant , Binder Moritz , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Dispenzieri Angela , Fonder Amie L. , Gertz Morie A. , Gonsalves Wilson , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Hwa Yi L. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Lacy Martha Q. , Leung Nelson , Lin Yi , Warsame Rahma , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji
Published: January 2023

Lenalidomide‐containing (R) triplet and quadruplet regimens are the standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM) and have been shown to increase the risk of thrombosis. The association between thromboembolism (TE) and survival in the novel multidrug era is not yet delineated. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of TE during the first year of MM diagnosis, its association with the type of induction regimen, and its impact on overall survival. We studied 672 newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients who received a triplet or quadruplet lenalidomide‐based induction at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester. TE was diagnosed in 83 patients (12.4%). Of these, 56 (8.3%) had a deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 23 (3.4%) had a pulmonary embolism (PE) with or without the DVT, and 4 (0.6%) patients had a stroke. Carfilzomib‐Rd (KRd) had the highest risk of TE (21.1%, 18/85), followed by quadruplets (11.1%, 5/45), bortezomib‐Rd (9.6%, 51/531), and 0/11 (0%), treated with other lenalidomide‐containing regimens. The difference in TE risk between KRd and the other regimens was statistically significant (OR = 2.6, p < .01). Nine patients developed a TE before being exposed to any treatment. Survival was significantly lower among patients that developed a TE (66 vs. 133 months, p < .01). The association of TE with reduced survival demonstrated in univariate analysis (HR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.6–3.3) was maintained in the multivariable analysis adjusted for high‐risk interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), sex, age, receipt of an upfront transplant, the response at induction, and the International Staging System (ISS) (HR = 2.61, CI = 1.74–3.9). We conclude that TE is an important aspect of MM management, and effective management is especially relevant in the novel treatment era.
Oxygen‐Deficient Molybdenum Oxide Nanosensitizers for Ultrasound‐Enhanced Cancer Metalloimmunotherapy
Authors: Wang Yuanjie , Gong Fei , Han Zhihui , Lei Huali , Zhou Yangkai , Cheng Shuning , Yang Xiaoyuan , Wang Tianyi , Wang Li , Yang Nailin , Liu Zhuang , Cheng Liang
Published: January 2023

Oxygen‐deficient molybdenum oxide (MoOX) nanomaterials are prepared as novel nanosensitizers and TME‐stimulants for ultrasound (US)‐enhanced cancer metalloimmunotherapy. After PEGylation, MoOX‐PEG exhibits efficient capability for US‐triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Under US irradiation, MoOX‐PEG generates a massive amount of ROS to induce cancer cell damage and immunogenic cell death (ICD), which can effectively suppress tumor growth. More importantly, MoOX‐PEG itself further stimulates the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and triggeres the activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway to enhance the immunological effect. Due to the robust ICD induced by SDT and efficient DC maturation stimulated by MoOX‐PEG, the combination treatment of MoOX‐triggered SDT and aCTLA‐4 further amplifies antitumor therapy, inhibits cancer metastases, and elicits robust immune responses to effectively defeat abscopal tumors.
High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by a Fluorinated Cyclic Ether with a Low Reduction Potential
Authors: Wu Min , Wang Zeyi , Zhang Weiran , Jayawardana Chamithri , Li Yue , Chen Fu , Nan Bo , Lucht Brett L. , Wang Chunsheng
Published: January 2023

Electrolyte engineering is crucial for developing high‐performance lithium metal batteries (LMB). Here, we synthesized two cosolvents methyl bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (MFSI) and 3,3,4,4‐tetrafluorotetrahydrofuran (TFF) with significantly different reduction potentials and add them into LiFSI‐DME electrolytes. The LiFSI/TFF‐DME electrolyte gave an average Li Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.41 % over 200 cycles, while the average Li CEs for MFSI‐based electrolyte is only 98.62 %. Additionally, the TFF‐based electrolytes exhibited a more reversible performance than the state‐of‐the‐art fluorinated 1,4‐dimethoxylbutane electrolyte in both Li||Cu half‐cell and anode‐free Cu||LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 full cell. More importantly, the decomposition product from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion could react with ether solvent, which destroyed the SEI, thus decreasing cell performance. These key discoveries provide new insights into the rational design of electrolyte solvents and cosolvents for LMB.
Lead(II) Formate in Rembrandt's Night Watch: Detection and Distribution from the Macro‐ to the Micro‐scale
Authors: Gonzalez Victor , Fazlic Ida , Cotte Marine , Vanmeert Frederik , Gestels Arthur , De Meyer Steven , Broers Fréderique , Hermans Joen , van Loon Annelies , Janssens Koen , Noble Petria , Keune Katrien
Published: January 2023

The Night Watch, painted in 1642 and on view in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, is considered Rembrandt's most famous work. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) mapping at multiple length scales revealed the unusual presence of lead(II) formate, Pb(HCOO)2, in several areas of the painting. Until now, this compound was never reported in historical oil paints. In order to get insights into this phenomenon, one possible chemical pathway was explored thanks to the preparation and micro‐analysis of model oil paint media prepared by heating linseed oil and lead(II) oxide (PbO) drier as described in 17th century recipes. Synchrotron radiation based micro‐XRPD (SR‐μ‐XRPD) and infrared microscopy were combined to identify and map at the micro‐scale various neo‐formed lead‐based compounds in these model samples. Both lead(II) formate and lead(II) formate hydroxide Pb(HCOO)(OH) were detected and mapped, providing new clues regarding the reactivity of lead driers in oil matrices in historical paintings.
A New PETase from the Human Saliva Metagenome and Its Functional Modification via Genetic Code Expansion in Bacteria
Authors: White Mirren F. M. , Wallace Stephen
Published: January 2023

The discovery and engineering of new plastic degrading enzymes is an important challenge in chemical biotechnology to enable transition to a more sustainable and circular plastics economy. This field has so far yielded a range of enzymes and microbial pathways for the recycling and valorization of plastic waste. New research from Uttamapinant et al. reports the discovery of a novel polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolase from the human saliva metagenome that displays improved properties and catalytic performance over previously characterized PET hydrolases (PETases). The authors also demonstrate the site‐specific incorporation of a photocaged unnatural amino acid, 2,3‐diaminopropionic acid (DAP), which upon photodecaging enables covalent binding of DAP to the PET surface. Thus, this work highlights metagenomic datasets as an untapped source of new PET degrading enzymes and the chemical modification of PETases via genetic code expansion, enabling new biotechnologies for the circular plastics economy.
Active Separation of Water Isotopologues by Local Molecular Motion in Microporous Framework Materials
Authors: Krause Simon
Published: January 2023

Around 10–15 % of the world's energy consumption is accounted for by the separation and purification of chemicals. Among them is the enrichment and separation of isotopologues which are an essential aspect of modern chemistry. In their recent work, Su et al. demonstrate the separation of water isotopologues by responsive dynamic pore windows in a microporous coordination polymer with unprecedented selectivity based on an elegant mechanism.
Promoting Surface Electric Conductivity for High‐Rate LiCoO2
Authors: Xu Shenyang , Tan Xinghua , Ding Wangyang , Ren Wenju , Zhao Qi , Huang Weiyuan , Liu Jiajie , Qi Rui , Zhang Yongxin , Yang Jiachao , Zuo Changjian , Ji Haocheng , Ren Hengyu , Cao Bo , Xue Haoyu , Gao Zhihai , Yi Haocong , Zhao Wenguang , Xiao Yinguo , Zhao Qinghe , Zhang Mingjian , Pan Feng
Published: January 2023

The cathode materials work as the host framework for both Li+ diffusion and electron transport in Li‐ion batteries. The Li+ diffusion property is always the research focus, while the electron transport property is less studied. Herein, we propose a unique strategy to elevate the rate performance through promoting the surface electric conductivity. Specifically, a disordered rock‐salt phase was coherently constructed at the surface of LiCoO2, promoting the surface electric conductivity by over one magnitude. It increased the effective voltage (Veff) imposed in the bulk, thus driving more Li+ extraction/insertion and making LiCoO2 exhibit superior rate capability (154 mAh g−1 at 10 C), and excellent cycling performance (93 % after 1000 cycles at 10 C). The universality of this strategy was confirmed by another surface design and a simulation. Our findings provide a new angle for developing high‐rate cathode materials by tuning the surface electron transport property.
Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfur Monoxide by Ferrous Porphyrin**
Authors: Bhattacharya Aishik , Kumar Nath Arnab , Ghatak Arnab , Nayek Abhijit , Dinda Souvik , Saha Rajat , Ghosh Dey Somdatta , Dey Abhishek
Published: January 2023

The reduction of SO2 to fixed forms of sulfur can address the growing concerns regarding its detrimental effect on health and the environment as well as enable its valorization into valuable chemicals. The naturally occurring heme enzyme sulfite reductase (SiR) is known to reduce SO2 to H2S and is an integral part of the global sulfur cycle. However, its action has not yet been mimicked in artificial systems outside of the protein matrix even after several decades of structural elucidation of the enzyme. While the coordination of SO2 to transition metals is documented, its reduction using molecular catalysts has remained elusive. Herein reduction of SO2 by iron(II) tetraphenylporphyrin is demonstrated. A combination of spectroscopic data backed up by theoretical calculations indicate that FeIITPP reduces SO2 by 2e−/2H+ to form an intermediate [FeIII−SO]+ species, also proposed for SiR, which releases SO. The SO obtained from the chemical reduction of SO2 could be evidenced in the form of a cheletropic adduct of butadiene resulting in an organic sulfoxide.
Revealing the Formation Mechanism and Optimizing the Synthesis Conditions of Layered Double Hydroxides for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Zongkun , Wang Xingkun , Han Zhongkang , Zhang Siyuan , Pollastri Simone , Fan Qiqi , Qu Zhengyao , Sarker Debalaya , Scheu Christina , Huang Minghua , Cölfen Helmut
Published: January 2023

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), whose formation is strongly related to OH− concentration, have attracted significant interest in various fields. However, the effect of the real‐time change of OH− concentration on LDHs’ formation has not been fully explored due to the unsuitability of the existing synthesis methods for in situ characterization. Here, the deliberately designed combination of NH3 gas diffusion and in situ pH measurement provides a solution to the above problem. The obtained results revealed the formation mechanism and also guided us to synthesize a library of LDHs with the desired attributes in water at room temperature without using any additives. After evaluating their oxygen evolution reaction performance, we found that FeNi‐LDH with a Fe/Ni ratio of 25/75 exhibits one of the best performances so far reported.
SASSY NMR: Simultaneous Solid and Solution Spectroscopy
Authors: Ghosh Biswas Rajshree , Soong Ronald , Jenne Amy , Bastawrous Monica , Simpson Myrna J. , Simpson André J.
Published: January 2023

Synergism between different phases gives rise to chemical, biological or environmental reactivity, thus it is increasingly important to study samples intact. Here, SASSY (SimultAneous Solid and Solution spectroscopY) is introduced to simultaneously observe (and differentiate) all phases in multiphase samples using standard, solid‐state NMR equipment. When monitoring processes, the traditional approach of studying solids and liquids sequentially, can lead to information in the non‐observed phase being missed. SASSY solves this by observing the full range of materials, from crystalline solids, through gels, to pure liquids, at full sensitivity in every scan. Results are identical to running separate 13C CP‐MAS solid‐state and 13C solution‐state experiments back‐to‐back but requires only a fraction of the spectrometer time. After its introduction, SASSY is applied to process monitoring and finally to detect all phases in a living freshwater shrimp. SASSY is simple to implement and thus should find application across all areas of research.
Direct Probe of Electrochemical Pseudocapacitive pH Jump at a Graphene Electrode**
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Seki Takakazu , Liu Xuan , Yu Xiaoqing , Yu Chun‐Chieh , Domke Katrin F. , Hunger Johannes , Koper Marc T. M. , Chen Yunfei , Nagata Yuki , Bonn Mischa
Published: January 2023

Molecular‐level insight into interfacial water at a buried electrode interface is essential in electrochemistry, but spectroscopic probing of the interface remains challenging. Here, using surface‐specific heterodyne‐detected sum‐frequency generation (HD‐SFG) spectroscopy, we directly access the interfacial water in contact with the graphene electrode supported on calcium fluoride (CaF2). We find phase transition‐like variations of the HD‐SFG spectra vs. applied potentials, which arises not from the charging/discharging of graphene but from the charging/discharging of the CaF2 substrate through the pseudocapacitive process. The potential‐dependent spectra are nearly identical to the pH‐dependent spectra, evidencing that the pseudocapacitive behavior is associated with a substantial local pH change induced by water dissociation between the CaF2 and graphene. Our work evidences the local molecular‐level effects of pseudocapacitive charging at an electrode/aqueous electrolyte interface.
Gaseous Nitrogen Oxides Catholyte for Rechargeable Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weiyao , Yang Xin , Zhang Shiyu
Published: January 2023

There is a strong interest in finding highly soluble redox compounds to improve the energy density of redox flow batteries (RFBs). However, the performance of electrolytes is often negatively influenced by high solute concentration. Herein, we designed a high‐potential (0.5 V vs. Ag/Ag+) catholyte for RFBs, where the charged and discharged species are both gaseous nitrogen oxides (NOx). These species can be liberated from the liquid electrolyte and stored in a separate gas container, allowing scale‐up of storage capacity without increasing the concentration and volume of the electrolyte. The oxidation of NO in the presence of NO3− affords N2O3, and the reduction of N2O3 regenerates NO and NO3−, together affording the electrochemical reaction: NO3−+3 NO⇌2 N2O3+e− with a low mass/charge ratio of 152 grams per mole of stored electron. A proof‐of‐concept NOx symmetric H‐cell shows 200 stable cycles over 400 hours with >97 % Coulombic efficiency and negligible capacity decay.
Split‐flow layouts of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle for coal‐fired power plant considering the flue gas residual heat utilization
Authors: Wang Limin , Wang Chang'an , Bai Wengang , Jin Liyan , Yang Xiaohu , Che Defu
Published: January 2023

The utilization of residual energy of high‐temperature flue gas at the tail of coal‐fired boilers has attracted widespread attention in recent years. The thermal performances of the boiler and system in different split‐flow layouts still need to be analyzed and compared in detail. Thermodynamic models for four different splitting layouts of supercritical carbon dioxide (S‐CO2) Brayton cycles tailored for coal‐fired power plant are built and validated. By performing the process simulations, the effects of splitting ratios on the system thermal performance are comparatively analyzed when the secondary split point and the confluence point are set at different positions. The maximum system efficiency of the two‐split layout with a secondary splitting point at the inlet of the cold side of the high‐temperature recuperator (HTR) can be obtained within a range of secondary split ratio. The maximal and minimal boundaries are determined by the exhaust flue gas temperature and the heat capacity match in the recuperators, respectively. The mass flow rate of the cold stream in the low‐temperature recuperator (LTR) should be kept unchanged by constraining the sum of primary and secondary split ratios, the constant to prevent the cycle efficiency from decreasing dramatically, if the splitting layout with the split point at the outlet of the main compressor (MC) is used. The two‐splitting layout with a secondary splitting point at the inlet of the cold side of the HTR has the best performance by comparing the system efficiencies of different layouts. If there are any improved coupling approaches of the S‐CO2 Brayton cycle and boiler, this paper can provide the reference for the selections of the split ratios.
Effect of glass fiber loading and reprocessing cycles on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of isotactic polypropylene composites
Authors: Achukwu Emmanuel O. , Owen Macaulay M. , Danladi Abdullahi , Dauda Benjamin M. , Romli Ahmad Z. , Ishiaku Umaru S. , Akil Hazizan Md
Published: January 2023

In this study, a preliminary finding is carried out to obtain the optimum E‐glass fiber content in polypropylene (PP) plastic products using loadings of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%. The formulation with the optimum loading of 10 wt% glass fiber was reprocessed 10 times via extrusion and compression molding techniques to simulate actual recycling and impacts on service life properties such as mechanical, toughness, chemical, thermal, composition, and morphology. In the result, mechanical properties were lost after each reprocessing without effect on the chemical properties and elemental compositions. The thermal studies showed a decrease in degradation temperatures with the onset degradation temperature (TOnset) for the one‐time reprocessed PP recorded at 336.93°C with a maximum rate of weight loss (TMax) at 427.68°C which further reduced to 259.90°C (TMax of 388.47°C) after 10 extrusion run showing one‐step decomposition patterns. This work provides that glass fiber‐reinforced plastics should not be reprocessed beyond 3 times except when refreshed with the addition of virgin PP to make up for the lost property. This will be very useful for manufacturers who want to simultaneously save costs (retain profit margin) and maintain the environment.
A novel GSTe2 involved in metamorphosis by regulating 20E signal pathway in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Kim KumChol , Song XiaoWen , Yu RunNan , Zhang YongLei , Gao Han , Wang SuiSui , Li Bin
Published: January 2023

Insect‐specific epsilon glutathion S‐transferases (GSTs) are a class of multifunctional GST superfamily, which play important roles in detoxification of xenobiotic substances. Most research on GSTs has focused on insecticide detoxification and resistance, with little research on other physiological functions. Here, we identified and cloned the novel GSTe2 from Tribolium castaneum (TcGSTe2). Recombinant TcGSTe2 protein was successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified with affinity purification, which had high ability to catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione with 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB). The expression level of TcGSTe2 was significantly decreased after exposure with four insecticides, phoxim, λ‐cyhalothrin, dichlorvos, and carbofuran, in larval stage. Interestingly, RNA interference knockdown of TcGSTe2 caused metamorphosis deficiency in larval and pupal stages by inhibiting the 20E signal pathway. Furthermore, exogenous 20E injection partially rescued this metamorphosis deficiency and also increased the expression levels of 20E downstream response genes. This study illustrated TcGSTe2 plays an important role at metamorphosis beside the insecticide detoxification and resistance in T. castaneum.
Anticryptococcal activity and mechanistic studies of short amphipathic peptides
Authors: Aaghaz Shams , Sharma Komal , Maurya Indresh K. , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Singh Shreya , Kumar Vinod , Tikoo Kulbhushan , Jain Rahul
Published: January 2023

Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, causes cryptococcosis in immunocompromised persons. A series of modified L‐histidines‐containing peptides are synthesized that exhibit promising activity against C. neoformans. Analog 11d [L‐His(2‐adamantyl)‐L‐Trp‐L‐His(2‐phenyl)‐OMe] produced potency with an IC50 of 3.02 µg/ml (MIC = 5.49 µg/ml). This peptide is noncytotoxic and nonhaemolytic at the MIC and displays synergistic effects with amphotericin B at subinhibitory concentration. Mechanistic investigation of 11d using microscopic tools indicates cell wall and membrane disruption of C. neoformans, while flow cytometric analysis confirms cell death by apoptosis. This study indicates that 11d exhibits antifungal potential and acts via the rapid onset of action.
A deep learning framework for analyzing cloud characteristics of aggregated convection using cloud‐resolving model simulations
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chang , Wu Chien‐Ming , Chen Wei‐Ting
Published: January 2023

This study introduces a framework to extract the high‐dimensional nonlinear relationships among state variables for aggregated convection. The prototype of such a framework is developed that applies the convolutional neural network models (CNN models) to retrieve the cloud characteristics from cloud‐resolving model (CRM) simulations. CNN model prediction factors are hidden in the high dimensional weighted parameters in each neural network layer. Therefore, we can dig out relevant physics processes by iterating the CNN models' training process and eliminating the features with the physics explanation we can provide at a given stage. Within a few iterations, explainable nonlinear relationships among variables can be provided. We identified that the averaged cloud water path (CWP), the maximum value of CWP in each cloud, and the cloud coverage rate are essential for identifying aggregation. Furthermore, by analyzing the encoded channels of the CNN model, we found a strong relationship between aggregation, cloud peripherals, and fractal dimensions. The results suggest that the important nonlinear cloud characteristics for identifying the aggregation can be captured with the proper adjustment and limitation of the input data to the CNN models. Our framework provides a possibility that we can explore the high dimensional relationship between the physics process with the assistance of the CNN model.
Guanidine‐Functionalized Fluorescent sp2 Carbon‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework for Sensing and Capture of Pd(II) and Cr(VI) Ions
Authors: Das Sribash , Hazarika Gunanka , Manna Debasis
Published: January 2023

Palladium is a key element in fuel cells, electronic industries, and organic catalysis. At the same time, chromium is essential in leather, electroplating, and metallurgical industries. However, their unpremeditated leakage into aquatic systems has caused human health and environmental apprehensions. Herein, we reported the development of an sp2 carbon‐conjugated fluorescent covalent organic framework with a guanidine moiety (sp2c‐gCOF) that showed excellent thermal and chemical stability. The sp2c‐gCOF showed effective sensing, capture, and recovery/removal of Pd(II) and Cr(VI) ions, which could be due to the highly accessible pore walls decorated with guanidine moieties. The fluorescent sp2c‐gCOF showed higher selectivity for Pd(II) and Cr(VI) ions, with an ultra‐low detection limit of 2.7 and 3.2 nM, respectively. The analysis of the adsorption properties with a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model showed that sp2c‐gCOF could successfully and selectively remove both Pd(II) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The polymer also showed excellent capture efficacy even after seven consecutive adsorption‐desorption cycles. Hence, this study reveals the potential of fluorescent sp2c‐gCOF for detecting, removing, and recovering valuable metals and hazardous ions from wastewater, which would be useful for economic benefit, environmental safety, human health, and sustainability. The post‐synthetic modification of sp2c‐COF with suitable functionalities could also be useful for sensing and extracting other water pollutants and valuable materials from an aqueous system.
A Molecular Insight into the Dehydration of a Metal–Organic Framework and its Impact on the CO2 Capture
Authors: Lian Jian Xiang , Siahrostami Samira
Published: January 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous material formed by the self‐assembly of metallic ligands and organic linkers. They are a good candidate for CO2 gas capture because they have large surface areas and the metal or linker can be tuned to improve CO2 uptake. In the quest for water and acid stable MOFs, a phosphonate‐based organic linker has recently been designed by Glavinovic et al. (Chem. Eur. J. 2022, 28, e202200874). By combining ionic calcium nodes, water and methanol molecules, they formed a microporous network, CALF‐37. This network has been shown to be robust and can maintain its pore shape even in absence of water molecules or by the inclusion of gas molecules, such as CO2. The network can be heated to release the water and methanol molecules and form a dehydrated MOF, which retains its shape with the imprinted pore within. Herein, we perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in order to provide insight into the CO2 capture and sequestration ability of the CALF‐37. We model the dehydration of the inactivated MOF (HCALF‐37) in the absence and in the presence of methanol molecules by progressively withdrawing water molecules from the MOF networks. We determine the crystal structure of the intermediate states from HCALF‐37 to CALF‐37 and shed light on the critical role of water molecules in the mediation of metal‐linker bonds. Our calculations also reveal that the favorable interactions between the CO2 molecules and the aromatic core of the linkers and metallic ions are responsible for the efficient sequestration of the gas in the CALF‐37.
Catecholaminergic axon innervation and morphology in flat‐mounts of atria and ventricles of mice
Authors: Bizanti Ariege , Zhang Yuanyuan , Harden Scott W. , Chen Jin , Hoover Donald B. , Gozal David , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Cheng Zixi Jack
Published: January 2023

Sympathetic efferent axons regulate cardiac functions. However, the topographical distribution and morphology of cardiac sympathetic efferent axons remain insufficiently characterized due to the technical challenges involved in immunohistochemical labeling of the thick walls of the whole heart. In this study, flat‐mounts of the left and right atria and ventricles of FVB mice were immunolabeled for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of sympathetic nerves. Atrial and ventricular flat‐mounts were scanned using a confocal microscope to construct montages. We found (1) In the atria: A few large TH‐immunoreactive (IR) axon bundles entered both atria, branched into small bundles and then single axons that eventually formed very dense terminal networks in the epicardium, myocardium and inlet regions of great vessels to the atria. Varicose TH‐IR axons formed close contact with cardiomyocytes, vessels, and adipocytes. Multiple intrinsic cardiac ganglia (ICG) were identified in the epicardium of both atria, and a subpopulation of the neurons in the ICG were TH‐IR. Most TH‐IR axons in bundles traveled through ICG before forming dense varicose terminal networks in cardiomyocytes. We did not observe varicose TH‐IR terminals encircling ICG neurons. (2) In the left and right ventricles and interventricular septum: TH‐IR axons formed dense terminal networks in the epicardium, myocardium, and vasculature. Collectively, TH labeling is achievable in flat‐mounts of thick cardiac walls, enabling detailed mapping of catecholaminergic axons and terminal structures in the whole heart at single‐cell/axon/varicosity scale. This approach provides a foundation for future quantification of the topographical organization of the cardiac sympathetic innervation in different pathological conditions.
Defining cardiac fibrosis complexity and regulation towards therapeutic development
Authors: Claridge Bethany , Drack Auriane , Pinto Alexander R. , Greening David W.
Published: January 2023

Cardiac fibrosis is insidious, accelerating cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, and death. With a notable lack of effective therapies, advances in both understanding and targeted treatment of fibrosis are urgently needed. Remodelling of the extracellular matrix alters the biomechanical and biochemical cardiac structure and function, disrupting cell‐matrix interactions and exacerbating pathogenesis to ultimately impair cardiac function. Attempts at clinical fibrotic reduction have been fruitless, constrained by an understanding which severely underestimates its dynamic complexity and regulation. Integration of single‐cell sequencing and quantitative proteomics has provided new insights into cardiac fibrosis, including reparative or maladaptive processes, spatiotemporal changes and fibroblast heterogeneity. Further studies have revealed microenvironmental and intercellular signalling mechanisms (including soluble mediators and extracellular vesicles), and intracellular regulators including post‐translational/epigenetic modifications, RNA binding proteins, and non‐coding RNAs. This understanding of novel disease processes and molecular targets has supported the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Indeed, targeted modulation of cellular heterogeneity, microenvironmental signalling, and intracellular regulation offer promising pre‐clinical therapeutic leads. Clinical development will require further advances in our mechanistic understanding of cardiac fibrosis and dissection of the molecular basis for fibrotic remodelling. This review provides an overview of the complexities of cardiac fibrosis, emerging regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic strategies, and highlights knowledge gaps and opportunities for further investigation towards therapeutic/clinical translation.
Faecal metabolite deficit, gut inflammation and diet in Parkinson's disease: Integrative analysis indicates inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Augustin Aisha , Guennec Adrien Le , Umamahesan Chianna , Kendler‐Rhodes Aidan , Tucker Rosalind M. , Chekmeneva Elena , Takis Panteleimon , Lewis Matthew , Balasubramanian Karthik , DeSouza Neville , Mullish Benjamin H , Taylor David , Ryan Suzanne , Whelan Kevin , Ma Yun , Ibrahim Mohammad A. A. , Bjarnason Ingvar , Hayee Bu’ Hussain , Charlett André , Dobbs Sylvia M. , Dobbs R. John , Weller Clive
Published: January 2023

Background

Gut‐brain axis is widely implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We take an integrated approach to considering the gut as a target for disease‐modifying intervention, using continuous measurements of disease facets irrespective of diagnostic divide.

Methods

We characterised 77 participants with diagnosed‐PD, 113 without, by dietary/exogenous substance intake, faecal metabolome, intestinal inflammation, serum cytokines/chemokines, clinical phenotype including colonic transit time. Complete‐linkage hierarchical cluster analysis of metabolites discriminant for PD‐status was performed.

Results

Longer colonic transit was linked to deficits in faecal short‐chain‐fatty acids outside PD, to a ‘tryptophan‐containing metabolite cluster’ overall. Phenotypic cluster analysis aggregated colonic transit with brady/hypokinesia, tremor, sleep disorder and dysosmia, each individually associated with tryptophan‐cluster deficit. Overall, a faster pulse was associated with deficits in a metabolite cluster including benzoic acid and an imidazole‐ring compound (anti‐fungals) and vitamin B3 (anti‐inflammatory) and with higher serum CCL20 (chemotactic for lymphocytes/dendritic cells towards mucosal epithelium). The faster pulse in PD was irrespective of postural hypotension. The benzoic acid‐cluster deficit was linked to (well‐recognised) lower caffeine and alcohol intakes, tryptophan‐cluster deficit to higher maltose intake. Free‐sugar intake was increased in PD, maltose intake being 63% higher (p = .001). Faecal calprotectin was 44% (95% CI 5%, 98%) greater in PD [p = .001, adjusted for proton‐pump inhibitors (p = .001)], with 16% of PD‐probands exceeding a cut‐point for clinically significant inflammation compatible with inflammatory bowel disease. Higher maltose intake was associated with exceeding this calprotectin cut‐point.

Conclusions

Emerging picture is of (i) clinical phenotype being described by deficits in microbial metabolites essential to gut health; (ii) intestinal inflammation; (iii) a systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Synthesis of Functionalized Proline‐Derived Azabicycloalkane Amino Acids and Their Applications in Drug Discovery: Recent Advances
Authors: Serra Massimo , Terreni Marco , Bernardi Eric , Colombo Lino
Published: January 2023

After the first synthesis reported in 1994, azabicycloalkane amino acids have raised increasing interest, becoming one of the most important classes of constrained dipeptide mimics. Their incorporation into peptidomimetic structures allowed the obtainment of a wide range of biologically active compounds. Over the years, different research groups have worked at the development of synthetic strategies to gain these rigid dipeptide surrogates, nevertheless, methods affording functionalized and “easy‐to‐functionalize” derivatives are quite less described. The presence of a derivatizable azabicycloalkanone core could allow the introduction of chemical modifications aimed to improve the pharmaceutical properties of a biologically active compound without the need for redesigning its chemical synthesis. This account has collected and critically surveyed relevant approaches to the synthesis of functionalized azabicycloalkane amino acids, focusing the attention on the period of 2010 to the present. Moreover, recent applications of these compounds in drug discovery will be discussed.
Status of epilepsy in the tropics: An overlooked perspective
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Peng , Zou Qin , Liang Jiantang , Chen Yongmin , Cai Yi , Li Shichuo , Li Jinmei , Su Jing , Li Qifu
Published: January 2023

Epilepsy is one of the most common serious chronic neurological diseases affecting people of all ages globally. It is characterized by recurrent seizures. About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy. Indubitably, people with epilepsy (PWE) may be without access to appropriate treatment. Many studies have examined the molecular mechanisms and clinical aspects of epilepsy; nonetheless, the treatment gap exists in some special areas. In the tropics, the specific geographical and ecological conditions and a lack of medical resources result in neglect or delay of diagnosis for PWE. Herein, we summarized the epidemiology of epilepsy in the tropics and discussed the disease burden and existing problems, aiming to offer a medical environment for patients in need and highlight the importance of reducing the epileptic disease burden in tropical countries.
Plant selection for pollinator restoration in seminatural ecosystems
Authors: Glenny Will , Runyon Justin B , Burkle Laura A
Published: January 2023

Individual plant species play valuable roles in meeting restoration goals for pollinators. However, the selection of plant species for pollinator restoration is rarely informed using empirical evidence and is usually developed in agroecosystems, which experience frequent human interventions to ensure plant success as compared to seminatural ecosystems. We highlight concepts and future research needs to design planting mixes that fulfill the ecological requirements of pollinators in seminatural ecosystems. Native plants that are attractive to pollinators, increase the stability of pollination services, and provide consistent floral resources across the landscape and growing season should be prioritized in pollinator restoration projects in seminatural ecosystems. Furthermore, condensing criteria of desirable plant traits into a composite score can aid managers in selecting plant species that meet restoration goals. Developing restoration strategies for pollinators on seminatural lands is important for preserving organisms essential for biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem function.