bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the 3D Radiative Effects of Boundary‐Layer Clouds From Observations of Direct and Diffuse Surface Solar Fluxes
Authors: Villefranque Najda , Hogan Robin J.
Published: July 2021

Numerical experiments have revealed the importance of horizontal transport of light in the presence of clouds (“3D effects”), with consequences for climate, weather, and solar resource availability predictions. Yet, analysis of 3D effects from observations remain sparse because of the difficulty to isolate the effect of horizontal transport in radiation measurements. In this study, we provide observational evidence for 3D effects based on the direct‐diffuse partition of surface solar fluxes. It is compared to outputs from the ecRad radiative transfer scheme run on retrieved cloud profiles. The direct‐beam calculation takes careful account of the field‐of‐view of the pyrheliometer to ensure consistency between observed and modeled direct fluxes. Only the solver that accounts for 3D effects is able to reproduce the observed mean direct‐diffuse partition as a function of solar zenith angle and cloud cover, in particular at large solar zenith angles where cloud sides intercept most of the direct beam.
Time‐Varying Upper Ocean Circulation and Control of Coral Bleaching in the Western Tropical Pacific
Authors: Qiu Bo , Colin Patrick L. , Chen Shuiming
Published: July 2021

The western tropical Pacific Ocean (WTPO) features complicated ocean circulation systems and has the warmest world open‐ocean waters. Small upper ocean temperature change there can exert significant impact on the regional coral reef ecosystems. In the past three decades, moderate to severe coral bleaching events have been observed in the WTPO surrounding Palau in 1998, 2010, 2016, 2017, and 2020. Reflecting the diversity of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, the observed coral bleaching severity does not correspond simply to the amplitude of an ENSO index, such as Niño‐3.4. By conducting an upper ocean temperature budget, we found the time‐varying upper ocean circulation advection acted to damp the anomalous surface heat flux forcing and played critical roles in controlling the surface ocean thermal conditions around Palau. This happened either directly via the advective temperature flux convergence, or indirectly through the pre‐conditioning of upper ocean thermal structures.
Arase Observation of Simultaneous Electron Scatterings by Upper‐Band and Lower‐Band Chorus Emissions
Authors: Kazama Y. , Miyoshi Y. , Kojima H. , Kasahara Y. , Kasahara S. , Usui H. , Wang B.‐J. , Wang S.‐Y. , Tam S. W. Y. , Chang T. F. , Asamura K. , Matsuda S. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Kasaba Y. , Shoji M. , Matsuoka A. , Teramoto M. , Takashima T. , Shinohara I.
Published: July 2021

This study reports a relation between electron flux modulations and chorus emissions by using correlation analysis. On April 18, 2017, Arase observed an enhancement of electron fluxes and intensification of banded chorus emissions at the same time. A result of the analysis shows that both the upper‐band and lower‐band chorus emissions have good correlations with field‐aligned electron fluxes that satisfy their resonance conditions. This indicates simultaneous interactions with both the emission bands and electrons, resulting in electron pitch‐angle scattering toward the magnetic field direction. In addition, low‐energy electron fluxes in the perpendicular direction also show positive correlations with the chorus intensities, probably because the chorus emissions are modulated by a fluctuation of perpendicular low‐energy electron fluxes.
Jupiter's Double‐Arc Aurora as a Signature of Magnetic Reconnection: Simultaneous Observations From HST and Juno
Authors: Guo R. L. , Yao Z. H. , Grodent D. , Bonfond B. , Clark G. , Dunn W. R. , Palmaerts B. , Mauk B. H. , Vogt M. F. , Shi Q. Q. , Wei Y. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. J.
Published: July 2021

Jupiter's powerful auroral emission is usually divided into the polar, main, and equatorward components. The driver of Jupiter's main aurora is a central question for the community. Previous investigations reveal many distinct substructures on the main auroral oval, which are indicators of fundamentally different magnetospheric processes. Understanding these substructures could provide key constraints for uncovering the driver of Jupiter's main aurora emission. In this study, we show the evolution of a double‐auroral arc on the dawnside from observations by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Simultaneous in situ observations from the Juno spacecraft provide direct evidence of magnetic reconnection and magnetic dipolarization. By analyzing the datasets from Juno and HST, we suggest that the evolution of the double‐arc structure is likely a consequence of the non‐steady progress of magnetic reconnection.
Stress Transfer Along the Western Boundary of the Bayan Har Block on the Tibet Plateau From the 2008 to 2020 Yutian Earthquake Sequence in China
Authors: Jia Ke , Zhou Shiyong , Zhuang Jiancang , Jiang Changsheng
Published: July 2021

Eight Ml ≥ 7.0 earthquakes have occurred around the Bayan Har block, NW Tibet, China, since 2000, resulting in a large number of casualties. Near the western boundary of the Bayan Har block, four Ml ≥ 6.0 Yutian earthquakes have occurred from 2008 to 2020. Stress interactions among them are comprehensively investigated by applying the ETAS (Epidemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence) model and calculating(Coulomb failure stress change) from a 3D linear viscoelastic mode. The combined (coseismic plus postseismic)induced by proceeding Yutian earthquakes on hypocenters of the 2012, 2014, and 2020 Yutian earthquakes are −1.5 × 10−4, 3.6 × 10−3, and 1.5 × 10−1 MPa, respectively. The background probabilities of the 2008, 2012, 2014, and 2020 Yutian earthquakes are 0.87, 0.97, 1.5 × 10−3, and 8.7 × 10−5, respectively. Combining those two independent approaches, we conclude that the 2008 and 2012 Yutian earthquakes are more like background earthquakes and that the 2014 and 2020 Yutian earthquakes were triggered by the proceeding Yutian earthquakes.
A Distinct Class of High Peak‐Current Lightning Pulses Over Mountainous Terrain in Thunderstorms
Authors: Lyu Fanchao , Cummer Steven A. , Krehbiel Paul R. , Rison William , Bruning Eric C. , Rutledge Steven A.
Published: July 2021

Cloud‐to‐ground strokes, narrow bipolar events, and energetic in‐cloud pulses are known classes of high peak‐current lightning processes that occur in thunderstorms. Here, we report one more distinct class of high peak‐current events observed exclusively over mountainous terrain, usually above 2,000 m altitude, in the continental Unites States. These events, which we call mountain‐top energetic pulses (MEPs), are bipolar pulses with negative radiated field polarities. MEPs are generated between the high mountain tops and compact overhead thunderclouds. Evidence supports the hypothesis that MEPs are produced by terrain‐initiated upward positive leaders propagating in high electric fields due to the proximity of the low negative charge regions of the thunderstorms. This scenario further suggests the possibility that MEPs are associated with downward terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes, and their high peak currents imply that they may produce elves.
Turbulence and Intermittency in the Winter Cusp Ionosphere Studied With the ICI Sounding Rockets
Authors: Di Mare F. , Spicher A. , Clausen L. B. N. , Miloch W. J. , Moen J. I.
Published: July 2021

The characteristics of turbulent plasma in the winter cusp ionosphere is studied based on in‐situ data from the Investigation of Cusp Irregularities (ICI) sounding rockets. The electron density fluctuations from ICI‐2 and ICI‐3 missions have been analyzed for the whole flight, using advanced time‐series analysis techniques. The analysis of the autocorrelation scale is indicative of the turbulence integral scale and marks the onset of the turbulent cascade from large to small scales in the power spectrum density of the rocket data. The power spectrum is typical for a turbulent field. The turbulent structures are persistent in the data, which are quantified by analyzing the Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) and their deviations from the Gaussian distribution. The kurtosis analysis indicates the presence of intermittency. These results are compared with the Local Intermittence Measure ‐ LIM, which confirms the presence of small scale intermittent structures. The turbulence measured by rockets appears well developed and covers frequencies between 1 Hz and several hundred Hz. There is a good agreement with the previous results, suggesting that density fluctuations in the ionospheric cusp agree with the turbulence framework in which intermittent processes transfer energy across different scales.
GPX4 and vitamin E cooperatively protect hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis
Authors: Hu Qian , Zhang Yifan , Lou Huiling , Ou Zexian , Liu Jin , Duan Wentao , Wang Hao , Ge Yuanlong , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi , Ju Zhenyu
Published: July 2021

Ferroptosis, a newly defined mode of regulated cell death caused by unbalanced lipid redox metabolism, is implicated in various tissue injuries and tumorigenesis. However, the role of ferroptosis in stem cells has not yet been investigated. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a critical suppressor of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Here, we study the function of GPX4 and ferroptosis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in mice with Gpx4 deficiency in the hematopoietic system. We find that Gpx4 deletion solely in the hematopoietic system has no significant effect on the number and function of HSPCs in mice. Notably, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells lacking Gpx4 accumulated lipid peroxidation and underwent ferroptosis in vitro. α-Tocopherol, the main component of vitamin E, was shown to rescue the Gpx4-deficient HSPCs from ferroptosis in vitro. When Gpx4 knockout mice were fed a vitamin E-depleted diet, a reduced number of HSPCs and impaired function of HSCs were found. Furthermore, increased levels of lipid peroxidation and cell death indicated that HSPCs undergo ferroptosis. Collectively, we demonstrate that GPX4 and vitamin E cooperatively maintain lipid redox balance and prevent ferroptosis in HSPCs.
Controlled multi-photon subtraction with cascaded Rydberg superatoms as single-photon absorbers
Authors: Stiesdal Nina , Busche Hannes , Kleinbeck Kevin , Kumlin Jan , G. Hansen Mikkel , Büchler Hans Peter , Hofferberth Sebastian
Published: July 2021

The preparation of light pulses with well-defined quantum properties requires precise control at the individual photon level. Here, we demonstrate exact and controlled multi-photon subtraction from incoming light pulses. We employ a cascaded system of tightly confined cold atom ensembles with strong, collectively enhanced coupling of photons to Rydberg states. The excitation blockade resulting from interactions between Rydberg atoms limits photon absorption to one per ensemble and rapid dephasing of the collective excitation suppresses stimulated re-emission of the photon. We experimentally demonstrate subtraction with up to three absorbers. Furthermore, we present a thorough theoretical analysis of our scheme where we identify weak Raman decay of the long-lived Rydberg state as the main source of infidelity in the subtracted photon number and investigate the performance of the multi-photon subtractor for increasing absorber numbers in the presence of Raman decay.
Copper catalyzed late-stage C(sp3)-H functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles
Authors: Chang Zhe , Huang Jialin , Wang Si , Chen Geshuyi , Zhao Heng , Wang Rui , Zhao Depeng
Published: July 2021

Nitrogen heterocycle represents a ubiquitous skeleton in natural products and drugs. Late-stage C(sp3)-H bond functionalization of N-heterocycles with broad substrate scope remains a challenge and of particular significance to modern chemical synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. Here, we demonstrate copper-catalysed late-stage C(sp3)-H functionalizaion of N-heterocycles using commercially available catalysts under mild reaction conditions. We have investigated 8 types of N-heterocycles which are usually found as medicinally important skeletons. The scope and utility of this approach are demonstrated by late-stage C(sp3)-H modification of these heterocycles including a number of pharmaceuticals with a broad range of nucleophiles, e.g. methylation, arylation, azidination, mono-deuteration and glycoconjugation etc. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction undergoes a C-H fluorination process which is followed by a nucleophilic substitution.
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold
Authors: Jumper John , Evans Richard , Pritzel Alexander , Green Tim , Figurnov Michael , Ronneberger Olaf , Tunyasuvunakool Kathryn , Bates Russ , Žídek Augustin , Potapenko Anna , Bridgland Alex , Meyer Clemens , Kohl Simon A. A. , Ballard Andrew J. , Cowie Andrew , Romera-Paredes Bernardino , Nikolov Stanislav , Jain Rishub , Adler Jonas , Back Trevor , Petersen Stig , Reiman David , Clancy Ellen , Zielinski Michal , Steinegger Martin , Pacholska Michalina , Berghammer Tamas , Bodenstein Sebastian , Silver David , Vinyals Oriol , Senior Andrew W. , Kavukcuoglu Koray , Kohli Pushmeet , Hassabis Demis
Published: July 2021

Proteins are essential to life, and understanding their structure can facilitate a mechanistic understanding of their function. Through an enormous experimental effort1–4, the structures of around 100,000 unique proteins have been determined5, but this represents a small fraction of the billions of known protein sequences6,7. Structural coverage is bottlenecked by the months to years of painstaking effort required to determine a single protein structure. Accurate computational approaches are needed to address this gap and to enable large-scale structural bioinformatics. Predicting the three-dimensional structure that a protein will adopt based solely on its amino acid sequence—the structure prediction component of the ‘protein folding problem’8—has been an important open research problem for more than 50 years9. Despite recent progress10–14, existing methods fall far short of atomic accuracy, especially when no homologous structure is available. Here we provide the first computational method that can regularly predict protein structures with atomic accuracy even in cases in which no similar structure is known. We validated an entirely redesigned version of our neural network-based model, AlphaFold, in the challenging 14th Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP14)15, demonstrating accuracy competitive with experimental structures in a majority of cases and greatly outperforming other methods. Underpinning the latest version of AlphaFold is a novel machine learning approach that incorporates physical and biological knowledge about protein structure, leveraging multi-sequence alignments, into the design of the deep learning algorithm.
Dataset of cortical activity recorded with high spatial resolution from anesthetized rats
Authors: Horváth Csaba , Tóth Lili Fanni , Ulbert István , Fiáth Richárd
Published: July 2021

Publicly available neural recordings obtained with high spatial resolution are scarce. Here, we present an electrophysiological dataset recorded from the neocortex of twenty rats anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine. The wideband, spontaneous recordings were acquired with a single-shank silicon-based probe having 128 densely-packed recording sites arranged in a 32 × 4 array. The dataset contains the activity of a total of 7126 sorted single units extracted from all layers of the cortex. Here, we share raw neural recordings, as well as spike times, extracellular spike waveforms and several properties of units packaged in a standardized electrophysiological data format. For technical validation of our dataset, we provide the distributions of derived single unit properties along with various spike sorting quality metrics. This large collection of in vivo data enables the investigation of the high-resolution electrical footprint of cortical neurons which in turn may aid their electrophysiology-based classification. Furthermore, the dataset might be used to study the laminar-specific neuronal activity during slow oscillation, a brain rhythm strongly involved in neural mechanisms underlying memory consolidation and sleep.
Estimation of unsteady hydromagnetic Williamson fluid flow in a radiative surface through numerical and artificial neural network modeling
Authors: Shafiq Anum , Çolak Andaç Batur , Sindhu Tabassum Naz , Al-Mdallal Qasem M. , Abdeljawad T.
Published: July 2021

In current investigation, a novel implementation of intelligent numerical computing solver based on multi-layer perceptron (MLP) feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANN) with the Levenberg–Marquard algorithm is provided to interpret heat generation/absorption and radiation phenomenon in unsteady electrically conducting Williamson liquid flow along porous stretching surface. Heat phenomenon is investigated by taking convective boundary condition along with both velocity and thermal slip phenomena. The original nonlinear coupled PDEs representing the fluidic model are transformed to an analogous nonlinear ODEs system via incorporating appropriate transformations. A data set for proposed MLP-ANN is generated for various scenarios of fluidic model by variation of involved pertinent parameters via Galerkin weighted residual method (GWRM). In order to predict the (MLP) values, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) has been developed. There are 10 neurons in hidden layer of feed forward (FF) back propagation (BP) network model. The predictive performance of ANN model has been analyzed by comparing the results obtained from the ANN model using Levenberg-Marquard algorithm as the training algorithm with the target values. When the obtained Mean Square Error (MSE), Coefficient of Determination (R) and error rate values have been analyzed, it has been concluded that the ANN model can predict SFC and NN values with high accuracy. According to the findings of current analysis, ANN approach is accurate, effective and conveniently applicable for simulating the slip flow of Williamson fluid towards the stretching plate with heat generation/absorption. The obtained results showed that ANNs are an ideal tool that can be used to predict Skin Friction Coefficients and Nusselt Number values.
Correlation between human health and reactive oxygen species produced in blood: a long-term chemiluminescence and fluorescence analysis
Authors: Kazumura Kimiko , Takeuchi Kozo , Hatano Yukiko , Hara Akiko , Miwa Toshiyuki , Hattori Masaki , Kondo Fusanori , Morishita Naokazu , Tsuchiya Hiroshi , Osawa Toshihiko
Published: July 2021

The previous slide-glass type system could simultaneously detect reactive and highly reactive oxygen species, i.e., superoxide radicals (O2−·) and hypochlorite ions (OCl−) elicited from leucocytes in sample blood, but had some drawbacks, i.e., signal noise from air-flow stirring, potential biohazard risks, etc. because of open samples placed on a slide glass. We overcame these drawbacks by adopting a fluidic-chip container in a new system, which resulted in higher sensitivity and more stable measurements. Using the new system, we conducted a pilot study on nominally healthy volunteers to find whether or not the monitored activities of leukocytes can distinguish more or less unhealthy conditions from healthy ones. At first, healthy volunteers of both genders and of various ages showed that the fluctuation magnitudes (%) of O2−·and OCl−were nearly similar to each other and to that of the neutrophil count fluctuation. These parameters sometimes exceeded the healthy fluctuation range. By comparing these large fluctuations with the data of an inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP), the neutrophil count fluctuation and the timings/symptoms of abnormalities found in questionnaire, we could gain information suggesting the factors causing the large fluctuations. The new system could detect bodily abnormalities earlier than CRP or self-aware symptoms.
Strictly regulated agonist-dependent activation of AMPA-R is the key characteristic of TAK-653 for robust synaptic responses and cognitive improvement
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Kunugi Akiyoshi , Tajima Yasukazu , Suzuki Noriko , Suzuki Motohisa , Toyofuku Masashi , Kuno Haruhiko , Sogabe Satoshi , Kosugi Yohei , Awasaki Yasuyuki , Kaku Tomohiro , Kimura Haruhide
Published: July 2021

Agonistic profiles of AMPA receptor (AMPA-R) potentiators may be associated with seizure risk and bell-shaped dose-response effects. Here, we report the pharmacological characteristics of a novel AMPA-R potentiator, TAK-653, which exhibits minimal agonistic properties. TAK-653 bound to the ligand binding domain of recombinant AMPA-R in a glutamate-dependent manner. TAK-653 strictly potentiated a glutamate-induced Ca2+ influx in hGluA1i-expressing CHO cells through structural interference at Ser743 in GluA1. In primary neurons, TAK-653 augmented AMPA-induced Ca2+ influx and AMPA-elicited currents via physiological AMPA-R with little agonistic effects. Interestingly, TAK-653 enhanced electrically evoked AMPA-R-mediated EPSPs more potently than AMPA (agonist) or LY451646 (AMPA-R potentiator with a prominent agonistic effect) in brain slices. Moreover, TAK-653 improved cognition for both working memory and recognition memory, while LY451646 did so only for recognition memory, and AMPA did not improve either. These data suggest that the facilitation of phasic AMPA-R activation by physiologically-released glutamate is the key to enhancing synaptic and cognitive functions, and nonselective activation of resting AMPA-Rs may negatively affect this process. Importantly, TAK-653 had a wide safety margin against convulsion; TAK-653 showed a 419-fold (plasma Cmax) and 1017-fold (AUC plasma) margin in rats. These findings provide insight into a therapeutically important aspect of AMPA-R potentiation.
Climate change may induce connectivity loss and mountaintop extinction in Central American forests
Authors: Baumbach Lukas , Warren Dan L. , Yousefpour Rasoul , Hanewinkel Marc
Published: July 2021

The tropical forests of Central America serve a pivotal role as biodiversity hotspots and provide ecosystem services securing human livelihood. However, climate change is expected to affect the species composition of forest ecosystems, lead to forest type transitions and trigger irrecoverable losses of habitat and biodiversity. Here, we investigate potential impacts of climate change on the environmental suitability of main plant functional types (PFTs) across Central America. Using a large database of occurrence records and physiological data, we classify tree species into trait-based groups and project their suitability under three representative concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) with an ensemble of state-of-the-art correlative modelling methods. Our results forecast transitions from wet towards generalist or dry forest PFTs for large parts of the study region. Moreover, suitable area for wet-adapted PFTs is projected to latitudinally diverge and lose connectivity, while expected upslope shifts of montane species point to high risks of mountaintop extinction. These findings underline the urgent need to safeguard the connectivity of habitats through biological corridors and extend protected areas in the identified transition hotspots.
An implantable human stem cell-derived tissue-engineered rostral migratory stream for directed neuronal replacement
Authors: O’Donnell John C. , Purvis Erin M. , Helm Kaila V. T. , Adewole Dayo O. , Zhang Qunzhou , Le Anh D. , Cullen D. Kacy
Published: July 2021

The rostral migratory stream (RMS) facilitates neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb throughout adulthood. Brain lesions attract neuroblast migration out of the RMS, but resultant regeneration is insufficient. Increasing neuroblast migration into lesions has improved recovery in rodent studies. We previously developed techniques for fabricating an astrocyte-based Tissue-Engineered RMS (TE-RMS) intended to redirect endogenous neuroblasts into distal brain lesions for sustained neuronal replacement. Here, we demonstrate that astrocyte-like-cells can be derived from adult human gingiva mesenchymal stem cells and used for TE-RMS fabrication. We report that key proteins enriched in the RMS are enriched in TE-RMSs. Furthermore, the human TE-RMS facilitates directed migration of immature neurons in vitro. Finally, human TE-RMSs implanted in athymic rat brains redirect migration of neuroblasts out of the endogenous RMS. By emulating the brain’s most efficient means for directing neuroblast migration, the TE-RMS offers a promising new approach to neuroregenerative medicine.
A novelp-dimethylaminophenylether-based fluorescent probe for the detection of native ONOO−in cells and zebrafish
Authors: Sheng Wenlong , Wang Kun , Gao Na , Wang Lizhen , Wang Rongchun , Zhang Xuanming , Chen Xiqiang , Zhang Yun , Zhu Baocun , Liu Kechun
Published: July 2021

A fluorescent probe PDPE-PN with prominent sensitivity and specificity, and a fast response towards ONOO−was synthesized and characterized. The probe with good biocompatibility has been successfully applied in cells and zebrafish.
CpFe(CO)2 anion-catalyzed highly efficient hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes
Authors: Lou Ke , Zhou Qingyang , Wang Qi , Fan Xingchao , Xu Xiufang , Cui Chunming
Published: July 2021

K[CpFe(CO)2] and [NEt4][CpFe(CO)2] enabled highly efficient hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes with PhSiH3 to synthesize tris- and bis(alkoxy)silanes in excellent yields depending on the substituents on the carbonyl compounds.
Simultaneous detection of a submerged Cu target and bulk water by long-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Li Nan , Tanabe Kota , Nishi Naoya , Zheng Ronger , Sakka Tetsuo
Published: July 2021

The simultaneous detection of submerged solids and bulk water can be well achieved by long-pulse LIBS, enabling it to show unique advantages in underwater in situ analysis.
Methoxy-substituted copper complexes as possible redox mediators in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Giordano Marco , Volpi Giorgio , Bonomo Matteo , Mariani Paolo , Garino Claudio , Viscardi Guido
Published: July 2021

Methoxy-substituted aromatic diimines and corresponding homoleptic copper(i) and copper(ii) complexes as possible redox mediators in dye-sensitized solar cells.
A novel crystalline nanoporous iron phosphonate based metal–organic framework as an efficient anode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Chakraborty Debabrata , Dam Tapabrata , Modak Arindam , Pant Kamal K. , Chandra Bijan Krishna , Majee Adinath , Ghosh Aswini , Bhaumik Asim
Published: July 2021

A new Fe-MOF prepared by using a tetraphosphonic acid as a ligand is reported and it showed high specific capacity and excellent recycling efficiency in lithium-ion batteries.
A tight angular-momentum plane for disc galaxies
Authors: Mancera Piña Pavel E. , Posti Lorenzo , Pezzulli Gabriele , Fraternali Filippo , Fall S. Michael , Oosterloo Tom , Adams Elizabeth A. K.
Published: July 2021

The relations between the specific angular momenta (j) and masses (M) of galaxies are often used as a benchmark in analytic models and hydrodynamical simulations as they are considered to be amongst the most fundamental scaling relations. Using accurate measurements of the stellar (j*), gas (jgas), and baryonic (jbar) specific angular momenta for a large sample of disc galaxies, we report the discovery of tight correlations between j, M, and the cold gas fraction of the interstellar medium (fgas). At fixed fgas, galaxies follow parallel power laws in 2D (j, M) spaces, with gas-rich galaxies having a larger j* and jbar (but a lower jgas) than gas-poor ones. The slopes of the relations have a value around 0.7. These new relations are amongst the tightest known scaling laws for galaxies. In particular, the baryonic relation (jbar − Mbar − fgas), arguably the most fundamental of the three, is followed not only by typical discs but also by galaxies with extreme properties, such as size and gas content, and by galaxies previously claimed to be outliers of the standard 2D j − M relations. The stellar relation (j* − M* − fgas) may be connected to the known j* − M*-bulge fraction relation; however, we argue that the jbar − Mbar − fgas relation can originate from the radial variation in the star formation efficiency in galaxies, although it is not explained by current disc instability models.
Direct osmotic pressure measurements on partially neutralized
poly(acrylic acid) gels
Authors: Weill C. , Lachhab T. , Moucheront P.
Published: July 2021

We present a new experimental device to measure the osmotic pressure in gels. The
system has been tested on partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid) gels. The variation of the osmotic
pressure with polymer concentration, Φ, and ionization degree, α, is linear, provided that
α is not too high (I.e. the counterions do not condense on the chains). These results are in good
agreement with theoretical models and with compressibility measurements obtained by light
scattering experiments. The very charged gels are also studied, and the results are discussed in the
frame of existing theories and experiments.
Promouvoir et diffuser la culture scientifique
Authors:   Commission « Culture scientifique » de la Société Française de Physique
Published: July 2021

Partie intégrante de la Culture, la culture scientifique n’est pas toujours présente à l’esprit lorsque l’on parle de « culture générale ». Elle aussi pourtant s’acquiert, s’entretient et se diffuse au bénéfice des mêmes deux publics: les jeunes et les « citoyens » adultes.

Le texte qui suit a pour objet de souligner le rôle des acteurs chargés de la transmettre, intermédiaires nécessaires entre ces publics et les scientifiques « producteurs » de connaissances. Aux médiateurs et aux professionnels des sciences et techniques, de mettre en commun leurs compétences pour transmettre des savoirs sous des formes accessibles.
Konventionelle Bildgebung Fuß und Sprunggelenk – akut und chronisch
Authors: Schlickewei Carsten , Priemel Matthias , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Barg Alexej
Published: July 2021

Grundlage für Diagnose und Behandlung akuter und chronischer Beschwerden an Fuß und Sprunggelenk sind, neben einer ausführlichen klinischen Untersuchung, konventionelle Röntgenbilder. Basis der Diagnostik sind standardisierte Röntgenaufnahmen, wobei empfohlen wird, bei der Wahl der Projektion zwischen akuten und chronischen Beschwerden zu differenzieren. Bei akuten Symptomen an Fuß und Sprunggelenk empfehlen wir standardmäßig eine „5er-Serie“ mit Röntgen des Fußes dorsoplantar, schräg und lateral sowie des Sprunggelenks anterior–posterior und lateral ohne Belastung. Bei chronischen Beschwerden hingegen empfiehlt sich eine „4er-Serie“ unter Belastung mit Röntgen des Fußes dorsoplantar und lateral sowie des Sprunggelenks anterior–posterior sowie einer Saltzman-Aufnahme. Wichtig ist es, bei chronischen Symptomen die Aufnahmen im Stehen und unter Belastung durchzuführen, während bei Patienten nach frischem Trauma oder unmittelbar nach einem operativen Eingriff
Röntgenaufnahmen ohne Belastung durchgeführt werden sollten. Nach primär konventioneller Bildgebung kann bei Bedarf die Diagnostik im Anschluss zielgerichtet erweitert werden.
Multiples Myelom mit Zerstörung des Ellenbogengelenks: Lang anhaltende Symptomkontrolle und Funktionserhalt durch Strahlentherapie
Authors: Momm Hannah N. , Moulin Jean-Charles , Delic Oliver , Momm Felix
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund Eine Strahlentherapie ist die Behandlung der ersten Wahl bei schmerzhaften Knochenläsionen eines Plasmozytoms oder Multiplen Myeloms (MM). Große Knochenläsionen durchbrechen jedoch häufig die Struktur des Knochens und gefährden seine Stabilität. Dann besteht die Indikation zur operativen Stabilisierung. In derartigen Fällen erschweren Risiken und Nebenwirkungen invasiver Maßnahmen Therapieentscheidungen bei oftmals älteren Palliativpatienten oder Patienten in systemischer Tumortherapie. Es ist deshalb wichtig, in solchen Situationen die Ergebnisse nicht-invasiver Therapieoptionen zu untersuchen.

Fallbericht Ein 54-jähriger Patient stellte sich mit der etwa 30 cm durchmessenden Läsion eines MMs im distalen Humerus vor, die seinen linken Ellenbogen zerstört hatte und erhebliche Schmerzen verursachte. Der Patient lehnte eine Operation ab, weil er fürchtete, dabei die erhaltene physiologische Funktion seiner linken Hand einzubüßen. Deshalb erhielt er eine alleinige primäre Strahlentherapie mit einer Gesamtdosis von 50 Gy in 20 Fraktionen. Nach der Behandlung war der Patient schmerzfrei, der lokale Tumor war für bislang mehr als fünf Jahre vollständig kontrolliert und die Funktion des linken Armes war zufriedenstellend. Die Strahlentherapie behinderte weitere notwendige systemische Therapien nicht.

Schlussfolgerungen Knochenläsionen eines MMs, auch mit einer Zerstörung weiter Teile des Knochens oder von Gelenken, können durch eine primäre Strahlentherapie erfolgreich behandelt werden – mit der Chance auf eine dauerhafte Tumorkontrolle und zufriedenstellende Funktionsergebnisse. Diese Behandlungsoption eröffnet eine vielversprechende Perspektive für ältere Patienten, Patienten in einem reduzierten Allgemeinzustand oder für Patienten mit einem hohen systemischen Therapiedruck, der keine längere Phase der Rekonvaleszenz nach einem chirurgischen Eingriff erlaubt.
Updates in Diabetic Wound Healing, Inflammation, and Scarring
Authors: Dasari Nina , Jiang Austin , Skochdopole Anna , Chung Jayer , Reece Edward M. , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Winocour Sebastian
Published: July 2021

Diabetic patients can sustain wounds either as a sequelae of their disease process or postoperatively. Wound healing is a complex process that proceeds through phases of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Diabetes results in several pathological changes that impair almost all of these healing processes. Diabetic wounds are often characterized by excessive inflammation and reduced angiogenesis. Due to these changes, diabetic patients are at a higher risk for postoperative wound healing complications. There is significant evidence in the literature that diabetic patients are at a higher risk for increased wound infections, wound dehiscence, and pathological scarring. Factors such as nutritional status and glycemic control also significantly influence diabetic wound outcomes. There are a variety of treatments available for addressing diabetic wounds.
Current Advances in Hypertrophic Scar and Keloid Management
Authors: Barone Natasha , Safran Tyler , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Davison Peter G. , Cugno Sabrina , Murphy Amanda M.
Published: July 2021

Hypertrophic scars and keloids are caused by excessive tissue response to dermal injury due to local fibroblast proliferation and collagen overproduction. This response occurs because of pathologic wound healing due to dysregulation in the inflammatory, proliferative, and/or remodeling phase. Patients with hypertrophic scars or keloids report reduced quality of life, physical status, and psychological health. Hypertrophic scars or keloids will develop in 30 to 90% of individuals, and despite their prevalence, treatment remains a challenge. Of the treatments currently available for hypertrophic scars and keloids few have been adequately supported by studies with appropriate experimental design. Here, we aim to review the available literature to provide up-to-date information on the etiology, epidemiology, histology, pathophysiology, prevention, and management options available for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids and highlight areas where further research is required.
Plasma Levels of Leptin and Risk of Future Incident Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Frischmuth Tobias , Hindberg Kristian , Aukrust Pål , Ueland Thor , Brækkan Sigrid K. , Hansen John-Bjarne , Morelli Vânia M.
Published: July 2021

Background Circulating levels of leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, are frequently elevated in obesity. Leptin has been reported to upregulate prothrombotic hemostatic factors in vitro and could potentially mediate venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in obesity. However, whether leptin is associated with VTE remains uncertain.

Objective This article investigates the association between plasma leptin and risk of incident VTE, and the potential of leptin to mediate VTE risk in obesity.

Methods A population-based nested case–control study with 416 VTE cases and 848 age- and sex-matched controls was derived from the Tromsø Study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE across leptin quartiles. Analyses were performed separately in men and women using sex-specific quartile cut-offs determined in controls.

Results In the age-adjusted model, the VTE risk increased across leptin quartiles, particularly in men. Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs for VTE in the highest quartile were 1.70 (95% CI 1.04–2.79) in men and 1.36 (95% CI 0.85–2.17) in women. However, with additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), risk estimates were markedly attenuated in men (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.55–1.93) and women (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.45–1.48). The ORs for VTE were increased in obese men and women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and were only marginally affected after adjustment for leptin.

Conclusion Our results indicate that the apparent association between plasma leptin levels and VTE risk is confounded by BMI and that leptin is not a relevant mediator for VTE risk in obesity.
Role of Hepcidin in Anemia of Chronic Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nita Eleni , Bairaktari Eleni , Kolios George , Migkos Michail P. , Somarakis Georgios-Petros , Markatseli Theodora , Archimandriti Dimitra , Tsaousi Christina , Voulgari Paraskevi V.
Published: July 2021

Objective Anemia of chronic disease is a frequent consequence in rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with major clinical and patient outcomes. The present cross-sectional study explored the role of hepcidin (HEP) in anemia of chronic disease in rheumatoid arthritis by studying its relationships with markers of anemia, iron metabolism, inflammation, and erythropoiesis.

Methods Blood samples from anemic (n = 43) and nonanemic (n = 43) rheumatoid arthritis patients were analyzed for markers of anemia (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red cells distribution width, and reticulocyte hemoglobin), iron metabolism (iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor), inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6), and erythropoiesis (erythropoietin and HEP). Correlation analysis was used to identify relationships between HEP and all other variables. Principal component analysis was used to identify common underlying dimensions representing linear combinations of all variables.

Results HEP had statistically significant mostly moderate-to-large correlations with markers of anemia (0.30–0.70, all p < 0.01), small correlation with markers of iron metabolism and markers of inflammation (r = 0.20–0.40, all p < 0.01), and moderate correlations with markers of erythropoiesis. Principal component analysis revealed two underlying components (factors) capturing approximately 50% of total variability. Factor 1 comprised mainly of markers of anemia, iron metabolism, and erythropoiesis and was related to “erythrocyte health status,” while factor 2 comprised mainly markers of inflammation and iron metabolism and was related to “acute phase reactants.” HEP was the only variable demonstrating substantial loadings on both factors.

Conclusions HEP is related to markers of anemia, iron metabolism, inflammation, and erythropoiesis. In addition, when all variables are “reduced” to a minimum number of two “latent” factors, HEP is loaded on both, thus underlying its pivotal role in the complex interaction of the erythropoietic response in inflammation-induced anemia and/or functional iron deficiency.
Pflegereform: Muss nur noch kurz die Pflege retten
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: July 2021

Der wahrscheinlich letzte Gesetzesakt von Jens Spahn mutet ein bisschen an wie das Lied von Tim Bendzko. Denn wider Erwarten hat der Bundestag Mitte Juni doch noch in dieser Legislaturperiode schnell das Gesetz zur Weiterentwicklung der Gesundheitsversorgung (GVWG) verabschiedet, in das der Minister noch die Neuregelungen zur Pflege gepackt hat.
kma Entscheider Blog: Gemeinsam stark – von altersgemischten Teams profitieren alle
Authors: Heiß Tanja
Published: July 2021

In der aktuellen Diskussion um Vielfalt in der Unternehmenskultur fällt die Generationengerechtigkeit zu häufig unter den Tisch.Und das, obwohl die Silver Ager das Rückgrat des Gesundheitswesens bilden. Deutschlands Kliniken haben bei der Schaffung von passenden Rahmenbedingungen für alters- und alternsgerechtes Arbeiten großen Nachholbedarf.
Rechtsrahmen Künstliche Intelligenz: Strenger EU-Plan für KI im Klinikalltag
Authors: Wiring Roland
Published: July 2021

Es ist eine Weltpremiere. Mit ihrem Rechtsrahmen für KI-Systeme will die EU Maßstäbe setzen. Der Entwurf einer Verordnung liegt jetzt vor. Welche Folgen hat das für den Krankenhausalltag? Welche Pflichten kommen künftig auf Anwender zu? Und was gilt für Systeme, die bereits betrieben werden? Zwar sind noch viele Fragen offen, doch Klinikverantwortliche sollten sich rechtzeitig vorbereiten.
E-Health-Strategie: Berlin setzt Standards für digitalen Datenaustausch
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: July 2021

Die beiden größten Versorger der Hauptstadt, die Uniklinik Charité und der kommunale Klinikkonzern Vivantes, führen seit März eine gemeinsame digitale Behandlungsakte. Diese soll die medizinische Qualität in der Versorgungskette verbessern und den ökonomischen Nutzen für die Leistungserbringer erhöhen.
Intensivmedizin: Wenn Alexa dem Intensivmediziner assistiert
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: July 2021

Intensivärzte werden am Patientenbett mit einer Unmenge Labor- und Vitaldaten bombardiert, was die Übersicht enorm erschwert. Gleichzeitig fehlt es in kleineren Häusern oder in abgelegenen Regionen an Fachexpertise bei komplexen Fällen. Zwei Aachener Ärzte haben mit Mona ein System ausgetüftelt, das mittels KI Medizinerinnen und Mediziner am Bett unterstützt und komplexe Behandlungen selbst auf abgelegenen Inseln möglich macht.
Delme Klinikum Delmenhorst: 830 neue „Gesellschafter“ an der Delme
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: July 2021

Fusion, Insolvenz, Neubau – es gibt einiges, was das Delme Klinikum Delmenhorst besonders macht. Die jüngste Entscheidung ließ im März aufhorchen: Das 2018 rekommunalisierte Haus beteiligt alle Mitarbeiter am künftigen Gewinn. Ein Blick auf eine Klinik, in der Sanierung seit vielen Jahren Dauerzustand ist.
Wahlleistungsmenüs: Gehobene Küche bei Sana
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: July 2021

Die Sana-Kliniken bieten ihren PKV-Patientinnen und -Patienten Menüs an, die exklusiv vom Airline-Caterer Frankenberg hergestellt werden. Utto Huber, der die neuen Wahlleistungsmenüs bei Sana initiiert hat, und Frankenberg-Geschäftsführer Sebastian Schlaadt, äußern sich im Interview zu dem neuen Angebot.
Lebensmittelverschwendung: Sparen beginnt beim Einkauf
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: July 2021

Das Klinikum Memmingen setzt auf Nachhaltigkeit in seiner Küche. Franz Kissel, Geschäftsführer der Unternehmensberatung Curatis, erklärt im Gespräch, wie das Klinikum durch einen zielgenauen Einkauf und Umstellung der Speisepläne erhebliche Einsparungen generieren konnte.
Medizintechnikplanung mit BIM: Neue Wege zu neuen Zielen
Authors: Albrecht Jens , Budde Tobias , Hanke Claudia , Sausen Sabine
Published: July 2021

Building Information Modeling (BIM) soll Bauprojekte und daran anknüpfend das Technikmanagement von Immobilien transparenter und effizienter machen. Im kleinen, aber agilen Arbeitskreis Medizin- und Labortechnik arbeiten Medizintechnikplaner derzeit an Lösungen für die optimale Einbindung ihrer Leistungen ins digitale Planen, Bauen und Betreiben.
DGIV Nachrichten: Integrierte Versorgung erfordert eine integrierte Vergütung
Authors: Schmid Andreas , Kailuweit Ingo
Published: July 2021

Es ist unstrittig, dass eine integrierte Versorgung den Regelfall und nicht die Ausnahme darstellen sollte. Dennoch dominiert eine Flut an Einzelmaßnahmen, ohne Aussicht auf eine grundlegende Transformation des Status quo. Dabei benötigen gerade die 20 Prozent der Versicherten, die 80 Prozent der Kosten verursachen, eine integrierte Versorgung, die eine koordinierte und bruchfreie Behandlung ihrer meist chronischen Leiden ermöglicht.
Polymer synthesis streamlined with AI algorithm
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: July 2021

Using machine learning and data for over 11,000 polymers, researchers created a model to speed up the synthesis of new polymers.
Ion mobility does not always affect perovskite devices in the expected way
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: July 2021

Though previously thought to affect the devices’ current time delay after a voltage is applied, ion mobility turns out to only play a role when the voltage is small.
Design, simulation, and construction an air-conditioning system to eliminate any pathogenic microorganisms in the air
Authors: Sadeghi H. , Amrollahi R. , Fazelpour S.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, for the first time, we have designed, simulated, and constructed an efficient air-conditioning system via a microwave plasma source to eliminate pathogens in the air, which can be found in crowded places such as hospitals and subways, and prevent the diseases' outbreak. The plasma air-conditioning system designed in this paper, besides having a high plasma density (increasing the probability of electrons collision with contaminants), uses a very high-temperature plasma (gas), which is an effective factor to eliminate any contamination. Also, to design and simulate the introduced system, COMSOL software, and its Electromagnetic Waves, Plasma, Laminar Flow, Heat Transfer in Fluids, and Bioheat Transfer modules were used; and the performance of the system has been entirely investigated. Finally, we have shown that the designed system, via an output power of 1000 W, a frequency of 2.45 GHz, and a standard airflow of 170 l/min, can destroy any microorganisms and pathogenic respiratory droplets in the air.
Flow and structural analysis of sedimentary rocks by core flooding and nuclear magnetic resonance: A review
Authors: Umeobi Happiness Ijeoma , Li Qi , Xu Liang , Tan Yongsheng , Onyekwena Chikezie Chimere
Published: July 2021

Fluid flow analyses and investigations of associated structural variations in rock formations are important due to the complex nature of rocks and the high heterogeneity that exists within fluid–rock systems. Variations in fluid–rock parameters need to be ascertained over time with continuous or cyclic fluid injection into subsurface rocks for enhanced oil recovery and other subsurface applications. This Review introduces the use of the core flooding-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique for analysis of combined fluid flow and structural features in subsurface fluid–rock systems. It presents a summary of the results realized by various researchers in this area of study. The influence of several conditions, such as geochemical interactions, wettability, inherent heterogeneities in fluid flow and rock properties, and variations in these parameters, is analyzed. We investigate NMR measurements for both single fluid phase saturation and multiphase saturation. Additionally, the processes for identifying and distinguishing different fluid phases are emphasized in this study. Furthermore, capillary pressure and its influence on fluid-rock parameters are also discussed. Although this study emphasizes subsurface rocks and enhanced oil recovery, the experimental combination is also extended to core flooding using several other injection fluids and porous media. Finally, research gaps pertaining to core flooding-NMR systems regarding fluid flow, structural changes, fluid–rock systems, and instrumentation are pointed out. Transient flow analysis involving structural variations is suggested for future work in this regard.