bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections of Fibrin Formation by In Vitro Testing
Authors: Wilner G.
Published: May 2019

Measurement of enzymatically-modified fibrinogen, fibrin, or related proteolysie products represent a means whereby the action of several enzymes can be quantiated both in vitro and in vivo. Advances in physicochemical techniques and in immunology over the past decade permit translation of recently acquired primary structural data on fibrinogen and fibrin into sensitive and specific assays for detecting derivatives of these proteins in the circulation. Physicochemical techniques that have been used by various investigators include paracoagulation tests, affinity chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, and electrophoresis. The limitations in specificity and sensitivity of these techniques in detecting circulating fibrin(ogen) derivatives is offset by the technical simplicity of most of these procedures, and perhaps these techniques in combination may ultimately yield useful clinical tests. Immunological tests can, in theory, offer vastly improved specificity and sensitivity as compared with the above mentioned procedures. However, preparation of immune reagents of high specificity is both tedious and difficult, usually requiring multiple adsorbtion steps to harvest the desired antibody population. Our recent studies on the immunochemistry of human fibrinopeptide B suggest that by restricting the size of the immunizing antigen, one can readily obtain antibodies which are relatively. restricted as determined by isoelectric focusing experiments, and which also offer great specificity. The potential for developing new antibody and T cell orobes into workable assays for detecting circulating fibrin(ogen) derivatives remains to be exolored.
Changes in Plasma Prekallikrein, High and Low Molecular Weight Kininogens in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Yokouchi M. , Kosaka K. , Seki T. , Ogawara M. , Miura R. , Matsuda T.
Published: May 2019

Changea in components in kallikrein-kinin system have been studied in 15 cases with disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC). Nine out of the total cases had infection and six cases had malignancy as primary diseases. Plasma prekallikrein (FKK) was determined by a radiochemical assay using 3H-TAME according to Imanari et al.(1974). High and low molecular weight kininogens (HMWK and LMWK) were bioassayed according to Uchida and Katori (in press). If plasma factor XII, measured in each case, was less than 50 % of normal, values of PKK and HMWK in examined plasma were caliculated from those in 1:1 mixture of examined plasma and normal plasma. All of PKK, HMWK and LMWK Showed moderate to marked decrease in every case with DIC. The values for PKK, HMWK and LMWK were 0.23 0.07 TAME unit/ml (normally 0.620.13), 0,20 0.07 ug(bradykinin equiv.)/ml (normally 0.66 0.14) and 1.24 0.44 ug/ml (normally 2.57 0.41), respectively. There was a significant correlation between PKK and antithrombin III levels (r=0.66, P 0.001) in those cases with DIC. PKK was also directly correlated with HMWK and factor XII. Decrease in PKK and HMWK may be chiefly due to consumption. The mechanism for reduction In LMWK, however, remains to be determined. It may be concluded that plasma prekallikrein, high and low molecular weight kininogens decrease in DIC.
An Improved High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Procedure for Lipid Analysis of PTT Extracts
Authors: Slater P. , Stevenson K. , Poller L.
Published: May 2019

A modified high-pressure liquid chromatography technique has been devised to allow quick and complete separation of lipid classes. An eluotropic gradient has been used. The lipid classes have been eluted from a pellicular column packing.The modified method has been shown to detect small amounts of lipid and its sensitivity has also been improved. The technique has been evaluated in the analysis of partial thromboplastin extracts. With the use of this improved method of lipid analysis new data has been obtained on the phospholipid composition of a PTT extract prepared from human brain. The procoagulant properties have been related to the lipid classes.
On the Effects of a Hemostasis Activating Factor (HaF) from Subcutaneous Tissue on Platelet Retention
Authors: Sayegh A. , Kirchmaier C.M. , Lenhard St. , Wintrich M. , Bender N. , Breddin K.
Published: May 2019

Extracts of human subcutaneous tissue with a very low thromboplastic activity strongly stimulate platelets (sphering and pseudopode formation) within seconds if added to blood directly at blood sampling (30 μ/ml citrate blood). To study the effect of this hemostasis activating factor (HaF) on platelet retention a special glass bead column with basically low retention (0-15 % in healthy individuals) was prepared. If HaF 50μl/ml) was added to freshly drawn citrate blood retention was increased from a mean of 12 % to a mean of 57 %. Even higher retention rates were obtained by adding a cryoprecipitate from normal PPP (50μl/ml) together with HaF. 100μl/ml of cryoprecipitate markedly enhanced platelet retention. FeibaR (Immuno) alone did not increase platelet retention. Together with HaF FeibaR (50μl/ml citrate blood) induced a 85% retention. The enhancing effect of HaF on platelet retention is probably caused by rapid platelet stimulation and may be an essential trigger mechanism for primary hemostasis.
Coagulation Studies During Operative Surgery
Authors: Sandilands D G D , Poller L
Published: May 2019

The rate of thrombin induced platelet aggregation using the Chandler’s Tube technique, has been compared with changes in ‘intrinsic’ clotting and ADP - induced aggregation. Some of the results from operations with a high risk of developing venous thromboses provide suggestive evidence of circulating tissue thromboplastin activity. The significance of this in relation to heparin prophylaxis and its laboratory monitoring is discussed.

* National (UK) Reference Laboratory for Anticoagulant Reagents and Control
Shwartzman Phenomenon in Leprosy
Authors: Mukherjee A. , Ghoso S. , Basu A.K.
Published: May 2019

Disturbances of preexieting immunological balance have been thought to bring about episodes of acute hypersensitivity to bacillary antigens of M. leprae. In view of the rare availability of pure M. leprae antigen, some haematological investigation were done simultaneously with hietological study for a better understanding of such supposedly immune complex syndrome. The investigative study comprised: Quantitation of heparin precipitable fraction (HPF) and fibrinogen along with studies on heamoetasis and histological examination of skin biopay. A total of 105 leprosy patients were studied. Significant rise in HPP and fibrinogen values were obeerved in Stable Lepromatous (SL) and Acute Lepromatous Infilltration (ALl) cases. Euglobulin lysis time was increassed in the ALI group only, during the acute phase. Deficiency of factor. V, VII, VIII, IX and XI, either singly or in combination, was noted in ALI patients, but platelets ware normal in all. Hitology revealed evidences of intravascular coagulation in small and medium sized dermal vessels. These obsevations suggest that during the course of lepromatous leproay, pariodically there might occur generalised Shwartizman type of reaction when qualitative and quantitative alteration of fibrinogen leads to its deposition in small blood vesssels.
Investigation on Carbohydrate Residues Involved in the Blood Coagulation Mechanism Using Lectins
Authors: Klein H.J. , Wenzel E. , Podolsak B.
Published: May 2019

Decline in the activity of blood coagulation factors of titrated pooled human plasma (in%) after incubation with lectins (final concentration 1mg/ml, 15 min.at room temperature):

The inhibitory influence of lectins could be prevented by adding specific carbohydrates. Taking the specificity of lectins into account, one could assume that carbohydrate residue Ac-D-gluc. has a prominent influence on clotting activity of FXII and VIII.F-v-activity also seems to be strongly connected with glucosyl or mannosyl residues. Also PTT, as global test for the “intrinsic clotting system” was remarkably prolonged(6x)with WGL (not shown on the table).It is striking that FVII activity is not inhibited by the lectins examined. This raises the question, whether carbon.resid.take part in”extrinsic clotting” at all.
Application of Crossed Radio Immunoelectrophoresis for the Demonstration of Thrombin Binding Proteins in Human Plasma
Authors: Grimmer L. , Aukrust L. , Andersen P.
Published: May 2019

In order to demonstrate thrombin binding proteins in human plasma in a direct way, crossed Immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) presipitates were prepared by using human plasma and anti human serum. These presipitates were incubated with 125 I-thrombin and subsequently subjected to autoradiography. Binding of thrombin was demonstrated to α2-macroglobulin only By preiricubating heat defibrinated plasma with 125I-thrombin prior to CIE and performing autoradiography without further incubation with 125I-thrombin, binding to antithrombin III was demonstrated as well. No binding of thrombin to α1-antitrypsin was observed in any of the experiments.
Fractionation and Reconstitution of the Vitamin K Dependent Prothrombin Carboxy-Lation System
Authors: Dubin A. , Suen E.T. , Price J.A. , Delaney R. , Connor Johnson B.
Published: May 2019

A specific enzyme which uses vitamin K hydroquinone plus O2 and CO2 for the carboxy-latlon of either endogenous protein or synthetic peptide has been difficult to isolate. The activity appears to be lost during Isolation. Two different methods have been found whereby partial fractionation of the system and reconstitution will give recovery of active carboxylation.In vivo injection of vitamin K eliminates endogenous substrate. Triton solubilized microsomes from these animals show essentially no carboxylation of endogenous protein. Addition of purified prothrombin precursor to this system leads to carboxylaton both of this endogenous substrate and also of pentapeptlde acceptor. These data indicate at least two proteins needed for enzyme function. Soluble system can be fractionated by removal of Triton by XAD, and passing the pellet dissolved in minimal Triton through phenyl sepharose to yield 3 inactive fractions (the XAD supernatant, the void volume from the phenyl sepharose column and a Triton eluate). While each fraction is individually inactive, recombination of void volume and eluate fraction or of XAD supernatant and eluate restore carboxylation of both endogenous protein precursor and of added pentapeptlde.
High Incidence of Von Willebrand’s Disease in a Little Area of South Italy
Authors: Ciavarella N. , Pilolli D. , Coviello M. , Chiuri E. , Parato M. , Scaraggi A. , Manfredi A.
Published: May 2019

In a little region of South Italy(Puglia),we have evidenced 20 families (f.) with von Willebrand’s disease(vWd). The following tests were performed: BT, PR, RIPA, FVIII: C, FVIIIR: AG, FVIIIR:RCo and electrophoretic mobility (EM) of FVIII-related protein. 4 f. showed an autosomic recessive inheritance and severe bleeding tendency, every laboratory value was definitely abnormal. 16 f. showed an autosomic dominant inheritance and moderate bleeding tendency. Of these: 4 f. had classical vWd with all parameters reduced and normal EM; 3 f. showed a vWd vari ant (FVIII:C and FVIIIR:RCo reduced, FVIIIR:AG normal), the EM being abnormal in one and the RIPA increased in an other; 6 f. presented a decreased FVIIlR:RCo with normal FVIII:C and FVIIIR:AG (the EM was always normal); 3 f. showed an isolated deficiency of FVIIIR:RCo respectively combined with 1) FV deficiency (Bari variant), 2) FXII deficiency (San Diego variant), 3) hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia.
On the Mechanism of Primary Hemostasis
Authors: Breddin H.K. , Bender N. , Kirchmaier K. , Ziemen M.
Published: May 2019

The sticking of platelets to basal membranes and to collagen fibers followed by subsequent aggregation are thought to be the first steps in hemostasis. During the first seconds after a vascular lesion platelets are stimulated outside the vessel and are transformed by forming pseudopodes and by sphering. Subcutaneous tissues of different species [human, Pig, dog, rat) as well as other tissues contain a lipoprotein with low tnrombo-plastic activity that stimulates platelets very rapidly. The action of this hemostasis activating factor (HaF) can be evaluated in fresh citrate blood by phase contrast microscopy and less specifically by the enhancement of platelet retention and the acceleration but not induction of platelet aggregation.HaF may play an important part in the activation of primary hemostasis. The proteins defective in v.-Willebrand’s syndrome are probably catalysing the stimulating effect of HaF on platelets. With new techniques the mechanism of the first steps in hemostasis can be further elucidated as well as the role of these mechanisms in thrombus formation.
II - Low Molecular Weight Urokinase (UK) and Different Molecular Weight Heparin (Hp) Fractions in Fibrinolysis.
Authors: Badimon L. , Villaverde C. , vidal M. , Badimón J.J.
Published: May 2019

We have studied the effect of HMW and LMW Hp on the rat blood LMW-UK activated. Inhibitors of fibrinolysis were evaluated by our method on fibrin activated plate (Throrab. Haem. 38, 283, 1977) and the chromogenic substrate S-2251 and fibrinolytic activity by eugLobulins. The studied dosages were of 100 - 300 P1.U/ml for LMW-UK and from 0.001 to 1,000 I.U/ml for both heparins. The reduction of Inhibitory activity brought about by LMW-UK was not altered by low HMW-Hp dosages, but hihg ones suppressed the diminishing effectinduced by LMW-UK. The activation produced by LMW-UK in euglobulins was increased with low dosages of HMW and LMW Hp whereas high dosages produced a marked Inhibition (highly significant). The inhibitory effect of Hp at high dosages was not related to the molecular variations of UK or Hp. Fundamen tal differences attributed to Hp were not found, but HMW-UK produced greater activity in euglobulins and greater decrease in inhibitors levels than LMW-UK. These results show that Hp at high levels (above 10 I.U/ml) potentiate the UK inhibitors.
The Inhibitory Effect of foy on Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Kōsaki G. , Kambayashi J. , Kayama N. , Hirata F.
Published: May 2019

In our country, FOY[Etryl-p-(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy )benzoate methanesulfonate], a newly developed protease Inhibitor, has been used in the treatment of DIC with promising result It has been postulated that FOY may possess certain effect en platelet function, besides its proved action on coagulation and fibrinolysis system. Therefore, in vitro effect or FOY on platelet aggregation was Investigated, utilizing aggregometer and human PRP.

When PRP was preincubated with FOY UOQug/ml in final concentration), the secondary aggregation by ADP (4μg/ml) was completely Inhibited. However, FOY did not exhibit any inhibitory effect m primary aggregation Induced by lower concentration of ADP even with higher amount of FOY (up to 362μg/mn). FOY completely Inhibited aggregation Induced by thrombin (0.5 U/ml), when it was preincubated with PRP for 2 minutes. 30 μg/ml of FOY caused disaggregation when it was added to the mixture or PRP and thrcmbln immedlately after aggregation was Initiated. The Dremixture of thrombin and FOY did not cause aggregation of PRP. 10μg/ml of FOY completely inhibited aggregation induced by 0.7 mN of arachldonate, when It was preincubated with PRP for 2 minutes. Also, 100μg/ml of FOY exhibited similar Inhibitory effect on aggregation induced by collagen. It was not surprising for FOY to Inhibit platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, since it was round to possess competitive inhibition arainst thrcefcin. However, it is interesting for FOY to Inhibit the secondary platelet agfreration by ADP and by arachldonate.
Quantification of Platelet Adsesion in vivo
Authors: Kortenhaus H. , Bom G.V.R.
Published: May 2019

Golden hamsters (80-100g) were anaesthetised with pentobarbital and cardiac blood was collected into acid-citrate dextrose. Platelet-rich plasma brought to pH 6.2 was incubated at 37° with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC: 100 μg/ml) for 10 min (Kortenhaus , Webelmann and Schroer: to be published). The platelets were injected i.v. into another hamster and observed in the cheek pouch circulation by fluorescence microscopy at x 500.

In venules a small proportion of platelets were arrested, most for less than one sec., about 20% for up to 2 min and about 3% for longer. There was no correlation with rolling granulocyte frequencies (A therton & Born, 1972, Journal of Fhysiology, 222, 447).
Soluble Fibrin Complexes and Fibrinogen Heterogeneity in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tsianos E.B. , Stathakis N.E.
Published: May 2019

The presence of soluble fibrin complexes (SFC) measured by gel filtration of plasmaon 4% agarose columns, fibrinogen heterogeneity on 3.5% SDS-polyaorylamide gels and the concentration of several plasma proteins were evaluated in 39 patients with diabetes mellituB (DM) and 19 matched control subjects. A small but significant inoreaee of SFC was found in DM (p<0.001). Of the patients 54% had increased concentrations of SFC (>M2SD of the controla). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the SFC showed no evidence of cross-linking or proteolysis. Plasma olots formed in the presence of EDTA and trasylol were analysed in IDS-poly-acrylamide gels in a normal and two lower molecular weight fibrin bands (band I, II, III). The percentage of band 1 fibrinogen was in diabetics (65.3±4.7%) lower than that of the controls (71.8±4.45%) (p<0.00l). Fibrinogen levels, antithrombin III, ai-antitrypsin, ai-macroglobulin and plasminogen were significantly increased in DM. Patients with increased concentration of SFC had higher concentrations of fibrinogen, ai-antitrypain and band I fibrinogen. We suggest that in DM there is an enhancement of intravaaoular fibrin formation and accelerated fibrinogen degradation to lower molecular weight forms.
The Importance of Antixa Pusma Concentration for Heparin Effectiveness
Authors: Giuliani R , Szwarcer E. , Martínez AE
Published: May 2019

Low antiXa concentrations have been described in patients with DIC, cirrhosis, women on the contraceptive pill, and also as a fa~ilial phenomena, in some cases as low as 40%. It has been claimed that AntiXa concentrates infussions should be adminietere4 to these patients. to allow heparin action. (if heparin therapy needed)

The influence of varying amounts of AntiXa on heparin potentiating effect, was studied.

A precise two step technique, for the measurement of AntiXa heparin potentiating effect waS performed. It was carried on human adsorbed plasma (Barium sulfate. 100mg per ml, 3 times), using concentrations of 100% to 10%. Dilutions were made in Trizmal Buffer IS 0.15.

Added heparin potentiatee the natural inhibitor to usual levels, even if AntiXa con centration is as low as 10%, if added heparin is C.08UI/ml or more.

Only bellow 0.08UI/ml of heparin, 30% of the inhibitor is needed to obtain the same potentiating effect as with 100% AntUa concentration.

It is therefore unnecesary to infuse AntiXa concentrates, previous to heparin treat ment, for it will be therapeutically effective, even in patients with 10% Anti Xa concentration.

For effective heparin prophilaxis, 30% inhibitor concentration in plasma is needed.
Critical Aspects on Akti Xa Heparin Assays in Plasma
Authors: Szwarcer E. , Ciuliani R , Martínez A.E.
Published: May 2019

In vitro measure.ent conditions fer preciss deteraination of AntiXa petentiating effect ef heparin were studied:Ionic strength, heat (56±15′) platelits,facter X- concentration in test and substrate plasmas.

AntiXa-Xa reactien is enhanced using buffer with 0.15 IS. Priscence of facter X in tested plasaa, even in lew concentrations (1.7%) produce shorter reaction readings, and curve regressien lines, particularly at high heparin cencentrations (more than 0.08UI/ml).

Heat doesn’t destroy factor X completely. It also reduces AntiXa’s reacti vity, with an even more disturbing effect than factor X prescence. Frezen and thawed platelets when mixed with adsorbed test plasma, do not alter final results ef the reaction; but if the mixture is heated(15′-56±C), rea ding re cults ef the reactien are altered.

A precise reading of AntiXa petentiating sffect ef heparin er other glucosamineglycans can be obtained working en defficitary in factor X plasmas, using 0.15IS, and Ph7.5, and measuring residual Xa en VII-X def.plasma
Decreased Platelet Vitamin C in Diabetes Mellitus; Possible Role in Peraggregatoon
Authors: Sarji K.E. , Gonzalez J. , Hempling H. , Colwell J.A.
Published: May 2019

To determine whether Vitamin C might relate to the increased platelet sensitivity in the diabetic, we have measured levels of platelet Vitamin C and studied the effects of Vitamin C on platelet aggregation. Ascorbic acid levels in washed platelets from diabetics were significantly lower than from normals (4s.2±3 μg/1010 platelets vs. 2s.s±2 μg/1010 platelets, p<.001). The effects of ascorbic acid on platelet aggregation in vitro were studied by adding ascorbic acid in buffered solution (pH 7.35) prior to-aggregating agents. Ascorbic acid in platelet-rich plasma consistently inhibited platelet aggregation with threshold concentrations of ADP, epinephrine, and collagen. With washed platelets, ascorbic acid inhibited arachidonic, acid-induced aggregation. When platelets were incubated at 37°C for 10 minutes with varying concentrations of ascorbic acid, rewashed, and aggregation with arachidonic acid tested, aggregation was inhibited in a linear dose-dependent fashion. Oral ingestion of ascorbic acid (2 gm/day) for seven days by normal non-smoking males produced a marked inhibition of aggregation. In a similar study, platelets from an insulin-dependent diabetic showed no change in aggregation. These results suggest that platelet levels of ascorbic acid may relate to the hyperaggregat ion of platelets from diabetics.
Blood-typing and irregular antibody screening through multi-channel microfluidic discs with surface antifouling modification
Authors: Chen Yan-Wen , Li Wen-Tyng , Chang Yung , Lee Rong-Ho , Hsiue Ging-Ho
Published: May 2019

A novel surface modification technology for microfluidic disks was developed for multichannel blood-typing detection and irregular antibody screening. The antifouling material, poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), was used to modify the surface of the microfluidic disk for improving its hydrophilicity and blood compatibility. With the modification of PEGMA, the hydrophilicity was sufficiently improved with a 44.5% reduction of water contact angle. The modified microfluidic disk also showed good biocompatibility with a reduction of hemolytic index (from 3.4% to 1.2%) and platelet adhesion (from 4.6 × 104/cm2 to 1.9 × 104/cm2). Furthermore, the PEGMA modification technique conducted on the microfluidic disk achieved successful adjustment of burst frequency for each chamber in the microchannel, allowing a sequential addiction of reagents in the test protocol of manual polybrene (MP) blood typing. Clinical studies showed that the proposed MP microfluidic disk method not only performed at extremely high consistency with the traditional tube method in the identification of ABO/RhD blood types, but also accomplished an effective screening method for detecting irregular antibodies. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the easily mass-produced MP microfluidic disk exhibited good blood-typing sensitivity and was suitable for clinical applications.
Stokes-layer formation under absence of moving parts—A novel oscillatory plasma actuator design for turbulent drag reduction
Authors: Hehner Marc T. , Gatti Davide , Kriegseis Jochen
Published: May 2019

A novel plasma actuator concept is proposed to mimic the effect of spanwise wall oscillations without mechanically moving parts, where four groups of electrodes and three independently operated high-voltage power supplies maintain a pulsatile dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) array. Time-resolved planar velocity fields are obtained with high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) in proximity of the discharge zones for quiescent ambient conditions. Resulting flow topologies and wall-normal velocity profiles indicate the Stokes-layer-like flow formation, which is elevated above the wall due to the no-slip condition. The underlying body forces are derived from the PIV data to provide further insight into cause-effect relations between pulsatile discharge and oscillatory flow. The momentum transfer domain is found to be only interrupted with the width of the exposed electrode, which is an important step toward homogeneous virtual wall oscillations. A comparison with earlier studies by Gatti et al. [“Experimental assessment of spanwise-oscillating dielectric electroactive surfaces for turbulent drag reduction in an air channel flow,” Exp. Fluids 56, 110 (2015)] leads to the hypothesis that DBD-based turbulent drag reduction might be a competing alternative to conventional active and passive shear-layer formation strategies, where the adjustability of both oscillation frequency and velocity amplitude might cover a wide range of Reynolds numbers.
What is mental fatigue in elite sport? Perceptions from athletes and staff
Authors: Russell Suzanna , Jenkins David , Rynne Steven , Halson Shona L. , Kelly Vincent
Published: May 2019

Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity shown to negatively influence physical performance. Variation exists across the literature regarding the manifestations and impact of mental fatigue; with little knowledge of the domain‐specific manifestations in elite sport. The difficulties in defining mental fatigue may explain why it is not consistently assessed by coaching or support staff. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate athlete and staff understandings of mental fatigue in elite sport. Nine focus group discussions were conducted involving a total of 32 athletes (n = 17) and staff (n = 15) from elite sporting organisations. Athletes and staff believe mental fatigue negatively impacts sporting performance. Analysis revealed perceived associations between mental fatigue and changes in behaviour including, disengagement, decreased motivation and enthusiasm, increased displays of emotion and withdrawal. Changes in concentration, decreased discipline and attention to detail also emerged as descriptors of mental fatigue. Media engagements, study and work commitments were reported to induce mental fatigue. Repetitive tasks, over‐analysis, thinking about the sport in question and environmental instability were further reported perceived causes. Experience and personality emerged as factors contributing to individual susceptibility. Mental fatigue is perceived to not only develop acutely but also build in a cumulative manner in the elite sporting environment. The present findings inform the design of future studies examining MF in elite athletes; they also hold the potential to improve how best to monitor and manage the condition in applied practice.
Development of solid waste of tofu industry immobilized on silica surface as adsorbent for the adsorption of Cd (II) using method of continuous flow column
Authors: Darmokoesoemo H , Kuncoro E P , Supriyanto G , Manuhara W , Wijaya A L
Published: May 2019

The aim of this research is to determine the removal efficiency of Cd (II) based on the pH variation and the optimum pH on the batch method, the adsorbent height variation and flow rate in continuous flow column which using tofu solid waste industry which was immobilized silica as adsorbent, also to characterize and to identify functional groups of the absorbent using the FTIR analysis. The pH variation used was 2,3,4,5, and 6. Adsorbent height variation used was 2 cm and 4 cm. Then, variation of flow rate used was 5 ml/min and 10 ml/min. Determination of pH optimum was done using One-Way Anova analysis and continued with Duncan test and descriptive analysis based on the table and graphic. The analysis data of the removal efficiency of Cd (II) in continuous flow column was explained by the descriptive analysis. The pHPCZ was 8.4. The pH optimum was 6 with the removal efficiency 48.14%. The removal efficiency of Cd (II) in continuous flow column for the adsorbent height variation 2 cm and 4 cm which were 38,22% and 43,42% respectively. The removal efficiency of Cd (II) in continuous flow column for the flow rate 5ml/min and 10ml/min each by 38.22% and 39.01%. The result of FTIR analysis of the adsorbent conducted before the adsorption shown that there were functional groups of C=O (vibrate at 1651.07 cm-1), Si-O-Si (462.92 cm-1 and 1095.6 cm-1), O-H (3425.58 cm-1), and N-H (3749.62 cm-1). While, the result of the FTIR analysis after the adsorption shown that there were Si-O-Cd (956.72 cm-1) and Cd-N (412.78 cm-1).
Survey and morphological identification of termites (Insecta: Isoptera) in Teaching Forest of Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Authors: Arif A , Muin M , Larekeng SH , Lestari PI
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to observe and identify of Coptotermes species based on morphological characteristics. Termites survey was conducted on Teaching Forest of Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi area Indonesia with the elevation range 406-628 meter asl; specimens collected used the standardized transect sampling protocols at four different landscapes (natural forest, Swietenia mahagony plantation, Acacia mangium plantation, and Pinus merkusii forest Observation, and measurement of nine morphological characters of soldier was conducted, i.e: head length without mandibles, head width at the base of mandibles, maximum width of head, left mandible length, number of antennal segments, pronotum length, maximum width of pronotum, postmentum length, and maximum width of postmentum; also three indices were calculated, i.e., bHW/mHW, MHW/HL, LML/HL. The results showed that there are nine species found based on the morphological characteristics and morphometrical data, namely: Odontotermes sp.1, Odontotermes sp. 2, Odontotermes sp.3, Coptotermes curvignathus, Nasutitermes sp., Schedorhinotermes sp. Microcerotermes serrula, Bulbitermes sp., dan Havilanditermes sp.
The Detection of Forest Health Level as an Effort to Protecting Main Ecosystem in the term of Watershed Management in Maros Watershed, South Sulawesi
Authors: Barkey R A , Nursaputra M
Published: May 2019

Forests have an important role in the balance of watershed systems, mainly as water management regulators by providing sustainable water resources for humans and the environment. The changing of forest conditions could give a huge impact to the balance of the watershed. The effect of this imbalance has caused flooding problems in the rainy season and drought in the dry season as it’s happened in the Maros watershed. These problems occur because of the lack of optimal carrying capacity of forest ecosystems due to changes in forest conditions. Healthy forest conditions have a very different response compared to unhealthy forests, particularly in regulating watershed management. Based on these problems, this research was conducted to identify the condition of forests in the Maros watershed by detecting the level of forest health in forest types in Maros watershed through forest health analysis using Landsat 8 recording image of 2013 and to identify the impact of forest conditions on water availability (blue water and green water) by using SWAT model on the scenario of changing forest conditions and to make optimum forest condition direction which supported to become a sufficient Maros watershed management and to identify the condition of the forest related to air (blue water and green water) by using the SWAT model as much as possible and sustainable through reforestation or afforestation activities. The forest types in Maro’s watershed consists of primary and secondary dryland forests, plantations forest and mangrove forests, with an area of 162.07 km2. The results of forest health analysis obtained a good level of forest health (very healthy and healthy) covering an area of 128.54 km2 and a poor (unhealthy and dead) forest health covering an area of 33.53 km2. The presence of unhealthy forests condition in Maros Watershed influenced the optimal proportion of the forest area in providing water yields. A good forest area in the Maros watershed produces 3,289,440 m3 of blue water. This value is very far from the water needs of the people around Maros watershed (3,308,977 m3/year). Therefore, it is necessary to optimize forest land through reforestation (improvement of forest conditions) and afforestation (forest addition). From the SWAT modeling results, it was found that the addition of forest area would increase the value of blue water, but to the optimum extent of forest addition with an area of 33.44% of Maro’s watershed. The addition of forest area that exceeds this capacity will reduce the value of the blue water of the Maros watershed due to the increasing of green water through the evapotranspiration process.
The Trigona incisa honey quality of apisilviculture system
Authors: Budiaman  , Yusran Y , Paembonan S , Gautama I
Published: May 2019

The population of Trigona incisa honey bees is abundant in the agroforestry region and potential to produce 13 kinds of high-value products required by the food industry, beverage, pharmaceutical, and beauty, which is the main raw material derived from plants such as flower nectar and pollen (anthers/pollen), and parts of plants other than ekstranutfial flower nectar is a sweet liquid that comes from the fruit, shoots, buds, leaves, stems, branches, and twigs. This study aims to determine the quality of Trigona incisa honey production from the apisilvikultur system. The experiment was conducted by using the survey method and laboratory testing with the following stages: The Trigona incisa honey bees which maintained by apisilvikultur farmers harvested using 100 mesh sieve and packed. Furthermore, tests will be carried out in the laboratory with test procedures and standard of SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 01-3545-2004. The test results will be analyzed by comparing with several standard test values. The results showed that the parameters of Trigona incisa honey quality that meet quality requirements of SNI 01-3545-2004 there are 7 parameters namely: ash content, solids that are not soluble in water, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), Sucrose, Lead, Cuprum, and Arsenic metal contamination, while the parameters that do not meet the standards there are 4 parameters, namely water content, acidity, reducing sugar, and activity of diastase enzyme.
The Analysis of Institutional Performance of The Village Conservation Model in Gunung Rinjani National Park
Authors: Ichsan A C , Aji I M L , Webliana K , Sari D P
Published: May 2019

The Village Conservation Model (MDK) is a program focused on empowering communities around the conservation areas. This research aims to analyze the performance of MDK in Gunung Rinjani National Park (TNGR) from the institutional perspective and rights of community access to resources in TNGR. The approach used in this research combines the qualitative and quantitative methods. The result showed that MDK in TNGR both in Santong Village and Pesangrahan Village did not regulate the rights of community access to the resources utilization in TNGR area which has been going on. On the other hand, the institutional structure of MDK also did not regulate the operationalization of MDK implementation such as the monitoring mechanism, the enforcement of a sanction, the benefit-cost sharing and the stakeholder’s involvement of MDK implementation. This has implications for the low performance of MDK institution in TNGR. It takes the arrangement of MDK institutional elements such as the boundary of Jurisdiction, Property Right and representative regulation that is expected to adapt to the characteristics of local communities and the interests of other stakeholders.
Identification and Characterization of Toraja Local Rice Germplasm
Authors: Limbongan Y L , Malamassam D , Sjahrir R
Published: May 2019

This study aims to identify local Toraja rice cultivars based on similarities and differences in morphological characters so that they can play a role in breeding and the conservation of local rice biodiversity. Activities carried out through exploration for seeds of local rice varieties with the main location of Sesean District, Rinding Allo District, Tikala District, Buntu Pepasan District, Kapala Pitu District, and Suloara District. Data collected in the form of the name of the local variety, origin, main character and potential yield and seeds. The results showed that local rice that was still planted in North Toraja consisted of 21 cultivars, namely Pare Sisaling, Pare Kanuku, Seko Bulan, Pare Barri, Pare Lea, Pare Barri Ba’tan, Pare Mandoti, Pare Bugi’, Pare Kombong, Pare Baruku, Pare Lambau, Pare Lallodo, Pare Ambo’, Pare Kaluku, Pare Datte’, Pare Ikko’ Lia, Pare Lottong, Pare Kasalle, Pare Bulaan, Pare Bau’, Pare Dambu. Morphological characters that differentiate each local rice cultivar, namely : (1) Stems, consist of the number of total and productive tillers, height, diameter, type of surface, surface color, number of nodes and length of internodus; (2) Leaves, consisting of the length and color of the leaf tongue; leaf length; and size, top surface, and leaf color; (3) Flower, consisting of panicle length, number of grains in 1 panicle, shape, size, surface type, surface color, surface tip, tail at the tip of the surface (existence, length, and color), length of stalk, and color of stalk; (4) Fruit grain, consisting of shape, size, type of surface, surface color, state of the tip of the surface, tail at the tip of the surface (existence, length, and color), length of stalk, stalk color, as well as grain loss; and (5) Seeds, consisting of shape, size, color, and the presence of glutinous substances on the surface.
Customary Forest Conservation through Informal Knowledge System of Ammatowa Community
Authors: Sahib H , Rahman F , Duli A , Asba A R
Published: May 2019

This research is entitled Customary Forest Conservation through Informal Knowledge System of Ammatowa community. The objectives of this research are 1). To disclose Ammatowa and his community’s strategies in conserving its customary forest. 2). To reveal the sanctions given to the customary forest destroyers. 3). What kinds of informal knowledge systems are usually expressed in customary forest matters? Qualitative method is used in obtaining the data whereas the researcher herself had a role as a key instrument which has to master the field being researched and the preparation to come to the object of the research. The data of informal knowledge of customary forest were obtained through observation, recording, interview, and note-taking. Meanwhile, the result of the research indicates that the preservation or everlasting of the customary forest of Ammatowa community is caused by the strength of oral tradition. In this case, Informal Knowledge System expressed continuously from one generation to the next in the form Pasang Ri Kajang.
The Existence of Genetic Diversity in Maintaining Epiphytic Orchids Germplasm In Pronojiwo Conservation Area, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Soetopo L , Saputra N D
Published: May 2019

Orchids are often found naturally in tropical rainforests. Tropical rainforest destruction could decrease orchid germplasms in the natural habitat. To save their existence, it is necessary to keep them from the threat of extinction. Some efforts that could be done is by conducted periodically exploration and inventory activities. The objective of this research was to revisit the genetic diversity of epiphytic orchid germplasms in Resort Ranu Darungan Pronojiwo Conservation area Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java compared to the finding in 2002. Exploration of Epiphytic Orchid Diversity at Pronojiwo Conservation Area, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java was conducted in January to February 2018. The research method was descriptive-exploration with random sampling method. Exploration results in 2018 found 1.013 orchids population, consisted of 22 genera and 53 species. While in 2002 found 2.053 orchids population, consisted of 18 genera and 39 species. The host trees found in this research was 21, while in 2002 was found 30 host trees. The value of diversity index by Shannon – Wiener in this research was 3.03 (high) and in 2002 was 3.50 (high). Species with the highest population in 2018 was Eria monostachya with the IVI of 32,94%., while in 2002 was Bulbophyllum biflorum with the IVI of 10.84%. From this research, it is concluded that the genetic diversity of epiphytic orchids germplasm in Resort Ranu Darungan is high. Besides time lapse of 16 years, the existence of epiphyte orchids biodiversity is well maintained.
The Role of Tree Crops On Nutrient Availability, And production of Coffee Agroforestry
Authors: Suherman  , Nuddin A , Nurhapsa
Published: May 2019

The Agroforestry systems require special treatment, especially in crop selection. Penaung can be a competitor for major crops such as coffee. So research needs to be conducted to examine the role of shade trees on nutrient availability and coffee crop production in the agroforestry system. The research location is community plantation land that implements an agroforestry system in Enrekang Regency. The land is determined by a Land Use System (SPL) based on the type of shade, namely SPL 1 (shade of legumes), SPL 2 (shade of plantation), and SPL 3 (shade of fruit trees). Coffee plants are mature plants between the ages of 15-17 years. The research parameters are soil nutrient content, namely C, N, C/N, P2O5, and K2O, and coffee plant production. ANOVA analyzed data. The results showed that between treatments did not significantly affect all parameters. Availability of C, N, and K2O contents with various types of shade is obtained by a low content, while the C/N, and P2O5 ratios are of moderate content. The highest C, and N values in shade of fruit trees. The highest C/N ratio value in shade of Leguminosae, and fruit plants. The highest P2O5 and K2O content in plantations shade. The average production of coffee plants with an agroforestry system is relatively low due to high rainfall. The highest amount of production is obtained in the shade of Leguminosae, this indicates that there is no nutrient competition in the shade of Leguminosae.
Isolation and Amplification DNA on Endophytic Fungi of Local Aromatic Rice Enrekang
Authors: Syamsia S , Idham A , Patappari A , Noerfitryani N
Published: May 2019

Local rice is one of the biodiversity that is currently not explored in detail. The exploration of endophytic fungi of local rice in South Sulawesi was carried out to find out the types of endophytic fungi in the local rice plant. Plant samples were taken from local rice plantations in the Tator, Enrekang, and Luwu regencies. DNA isolation and PCR amplification were the initial stages that need to be carried out in molecular identification. DNA fungi extraction was performed by using DNesay DNA extraction KIT. The result of DNA fungi isolation was electrophoresed with 0.8% agarose gel in TAE buffer (Tris Acetate EDTA). DNA isolation was successfully carried out by the formation of DNA bands. DNA amplification of two endophytic fungi using the primary pairs of ITS1 and ITS4, with condition PCR of predenaturation at 95°C for 5 minute, denaturation at 94°C for 1 minute, annealing at 55,4°C for 1 minute, elongation at 72°C for 1 minute, final elongation at 72°C for 10 minute. The denaturation stage until the extension was repeated 35 times and produced DNA fragments with a molecular size of 700 bp and 600 bp.
Trade Liberalization and Export Competitiveness: A Case Study on Indonesian Seaweed In the Global Market
Authors: Tombolotutu A D , Khaldun R I , Palampanga A M , Djirimu M A , Tenge E
Published: May 2019

This research aims to analyze the characteristics of Indonesian seaweed commodities, analyze Indonesian seaweed export competitiveness model in the global market, analyze the Government of Indonesia's efforts to improve the export competitiveness of Indonesian seaweed commodities and analyze the role of actors in increasing the Indonesian seaweed in the global market. This research used mix method analysis quantitative and qualitative, the collected data through primary data derived from Indonesian Seaweed Association and secondary data from United Nations Commodity and Trade, Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistic, Bank of Indonesia, Ministry of Trade. This research found that the characteristics of Indonesian seaweed according to several variables such as export competitiveness, productivity, raw material price, trade liberalization rate, inflation rate, exchange rate, research and investment development, and product differentiation have fluctuated value from 2006 to 2016. The result of regression data shows that interest rate, exchange rate, economic growth, raw material price, farmer wage rate, product differentiation, and liberalization policy has a positive effect on RCA seaweed. Inflation, productivity, nominal protection coefficient, and research development investment have a negative influence on RCA. The prediction on the competitiveness of Indonesian seaweed is that the competitiveness will still increase, but it depends on the economic condition of Indonesia in the future. It is necessary to have synergy between government, private, and universities to increase seaweed competitiveness in the global market.
The Utility of Thromboelastography to Guide Blood Product Transfusion
Authors: Schmidt Amy E , Israel Anna Karolina , Refaai Majed A
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To provide an overview of the clot viscoelastic testing technology and to describe its utility in guiding blood product transfusions.

Methods

A case scenario will be discussed as well as interpretation of thromboelastography (TEG) tracings. In addition, literature examining the utility of viscoelastic testing in guiding patient management and blood product transfusions will be reviewed.

Results

TEG/rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is useful in evaluating clot kinetics in trauma and acutely bleeding patients. TEG/ROTEM parameters are reflective of values measured using standard coagulation assays; however, TEG/ROTEM parameters are more rapidly available and more costly. TEG and ROTEM are used in three main settings: cardiac surgery, liver transplantation, and trauma to assess global hemostasis and administration of blood products.

Conclusions

TEG/ROTEM can be helpful in guiding resuscitation and blood product transfusion. Several studies have demonstrated a reduction in transfusion of blood components with TEG/ROTEM; however, other studies have suggested that TEG/ROTEM is not clinically effective in guiding transfusion.