bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spreading Widths of Giant Monopole Resonance in the Lead Region: Random Matrix Approach
Authors: Arsenyev N. N. , Severyukhin A. P. , Nazmitdinov R. G.
Published: November 2023

The microscopic calculation of the decay width of giant monopole resonance (GMR) anticipates the mixing of one-phonon states with configurations of increasing complexity. To this aim we develop the effective approach for description of monopole excited states that are obtained in the quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA), with regard of the coupling between one- and two-phonon states. Based on the QRPA one-phonon states, we generate the coupling and two-phonon states by means of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) distribution. Within our approach the spreading width of the GMRs in 204,206,208Pb are described by means of a random matrix approach on two energy scales. It is demonstrated that the main contribution into the decay of the GMR is determined by a small number of two-phonon states strongly coupled to low-energy surface vibrations. While a vast majority of the coupling matrix elements (that are small in value and following the GOE distribution) are responsible for the fine structure of the GMR spreading width. A remarkable agreement between the results of the full microscopic calculations (based on QRPA phonons coupled by means of the microscopic coupling matrix elements with calculated two-phonon states) with those of the developed approach confirms the vitality of the proposed ideas.
Early, intense therapy for language problems after a stroke is linked to the greatest benefits
Authors: Saul Helen , Cassidy Samantha , Deeney Brendan , Imison Candace , Brady Marian
Published: November 2023

The study

Brady MC, Ali M, VandenBerg K, et al. Complex speech-language therapy interventions for stroke-related aphasia: the RELEASE study incorporating a systematic review and individual participant data network meta-analysis.
Health Social Care Delivery Res
2022;10.

To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:
https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/therapy-for-language-problems-after-a-stroke-is-most-effective-when-given-early-and-intensively/
Implementing maternal and newborn health quality of care standards in healthcare facilities to improve the adoption of respectful maternity care in Bangladesh, Ghana and Tanzania: a controlled before and after study
Authors: Manu Alexander , Pingray Veronica , Billah Sk Masum , Williams John , Kilima Stella , Yeji Francis , Gohar Fatima , Wobil Priscilla , Karim Farhana , Muganyizi Projestine , Mogela Deus , El Arifeen Shams , Vandenent Maya , Matin Ziaul , Janda Indeep , Zaka Nabila , Hailegebriel Tedbabe D
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Many women worldwide cannot access respectful maternity care (RMC). We assessed the effect of implementing maternal and newborn health (MNH) quality of care standards on RMC measures.

Methods

We used a facility-based controlled before and after design in 43 healthcare facilities in Bangladesh, Ghana and Tanzania. Interviews with women and health workers and observations of labour and childbirth were used for data collection. We estimated difference-in-differences to compare changes in RMC measures over time between groups.

Results

1827 women and 818 health workers were interviewed, and 1512 observations were performed. In Bangladesh, MNH quality of care standards reduced physical abuse (DiD −5.2;−9.0 to –1.4). The standards increased RMC training (DiD 59.0; 33.4 to 84.6) and the availability of policies and procedures for both addressing patient concerns (DiD 46.0; 4.7 to 87.4) and identifying/reporting abuse (DiD 45.9; 19.9 to 71.8). The control facilities showed greater improvements in communicating the delivery plan (DiD −33.8; –62.9 to –4.6). Other measures improved in both groups, except for satisfaction with hygiene. In Ghana, the intervention improved women’s experiences. Providers allowed women to ask questions and express concerns (DiD 37.5; 5.9 to 69.0), considered concerns (DiD 14.9; 4.9 to 24.9), reduced verbal abuse (DiD −8.0; −12.1 to –3.8) and physical abuse (DiD −5.2; −11.4 to –0.9). More women reported they would choose the facility for another delivery (DiD 17.5; 5.5 to 29.4). In Tanzania, women in the intervention facilities reported improvements in privacy (DiD 24.2; 0.2 to 48.3). No other significant differences were observed due to improvements in both groups.

Conclusion

Institutionalising care standards and creating an enabling environment for quality MNH care is feasible in low and middle-income countries and may facilitate the adoption of RMC.
Efficacy of exercises in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PARK-EASE trial): single-blind, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Swarnakar Raktim , Wadhwa Sanjay , Venkataraman Srikumar , Goyal Vinay , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of exercises in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Design

Single-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Tertiary rehabilitation care centre.

Participants

Forty individuals (≥18 years, either gender) with newly diagnosed PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage ≤2) on a stable dose of PD medications were randomised (1:1) to the intervention group (IG) and control group (CG).

Interventions

The IG received strengthening (30 min/day, 2 days/week), aerobic (30 min/day, 3 days/week) and agility (30 min/day, 2 days/week) exercises in a structured format for 12 weeks. CG received stretching exercises for 12 weeks.

Main outcome measures

Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) III (motor) at week 12 (primary), UPDRS I (mentation, behaviour and mood), UPDRS II and VI (Schwab and England Activities of daily living Scale) and Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life (PDQL) at week 12 (secondary).

Results

36 participants completed 12-week study period. UPDRS III (lesser scores reflect improvement) at 12 weeks showed a significant between-group difference (−5.05 points (95% CI: −9.38 to −0.71), p=0.02). At 4 and 8 weeks, UPDRS III did not show a statistically significant between-group difference (−2.15 points (95% CI: −6.77 to 2.47) and −4.1 points (95% CI: −8.54 to 0.34), respectively). From baseline to 12 weeks, UPDRS III in the IG showed a 6.5-point (95% CI (4.85 to 8.14)) reduction, and the CG showed a 0.8-point increase (95% CI (−3.06 to 1.46)), PDQL (higher scores reflect improvement) in the IG showed a 8.45-point (95% CI (–12.78 to –4.11)) increase and CG showed a 2.75-point (95% CI (0.16 to 5.33)) reduction.

Conclusions

Structured exercises improve motor symptoms and quality of life in early-stage PD. Consistent adherence for at least 12 weeks is crucial for clinical improvement. Early initiation of exercises as neurorehabilitation is recommended. Further research on specific types, dosing and intensity of exercises with a larger sample size is warranted in early-stage PD.

Trial registration number

CTRI/2018/05/014241.
Impact of an in-consult patient decision aid on treatment choices and outcomes of management for patients with an endoscopically resected malignant colorectal polyp: a study protocol for a non-randomised clinical phase II study
Authors: Würtz Helene Juul , Rahr Hans Bjarke , Lindebjerg Jan , Edwards Adrian , Steffensen Karina Dahl
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Management of an endoscopically resected malignant colorectal polyps can be challenging due to the risk of residual tumour and lymphatic spread. International studies have shown, that of those choosing surgical management instead of surveillance strategy, there are between 54% and 82% of bowel resections without evidence of residual tumour or lymphatic spread. As surgical management entails risks of complications and surveillance strategy entails risks of residual tumour or recurrence, a clinical dilemma arises when choosing a management strategy. Shared decision-making is a concept that can be used in preference-sensitive decision-making to facilitate patient involvement and empowerment to facilitate active patient participation in the decision-making process.

Methods and analysis

This study protocol describes our clinical multi-institutional, non-randomised, interventional phase II study at Danish surgical departments planned to commence in the second quarter of 2024. The aim of this study is to examine whether shared decision-making and using a patient decision aid in consultations affect patients’ choice of management, comparing with retrospective data. The secondary aim is to investigate patients’ experiences, perceived involvement, satisfaction, decision conflict and other outcomes using questionnaire feedback directly from the patients.

Ethics and dissemination

There are no conflicts of interest for principal or local investigators in any of the study sites. All results will be published at Danish and international meetings, and in English language scientific peer-reviewed journals. Our study underwent evaluation by the Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark (file number 20232000-47), concluding that formal approval was not required for this kind of research.

Trial registration number

NCT05776381.
Development and evaluation of a theory-based health promotion programme aimed at improving retirees’ psychological well-being and quality of life: a protocol for a mixed-method study
Authors: Shoushtari Moghaddam Elaheh , Kaveh Mohammad Hossein , Karimi Masoud , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Soltani Esmail
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The changes that retirees experience during their retirement years will challenge their ability to cope, potentially endangering their health and quality of life. This study aims to design and evaluate a theory-based health promotion programme to improve retirees’ psychological well-being and quality of life.

Methods and analysis

This mixed-method, non-blinded study uses an embedded design. The purposive sampling method will be employed for the qualitative aspect of the study. Qualitative data will be collected at baseline, focusing on retirement adjustment, through semistructured, in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. The data will be analysed using Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis method. A pre–post test controlled group design will be conducted for the quantitative part of the study. A sample size of 80 is estimated for both the intervention and control groups. Systematic sampling and the block randomisation method will be employed for sampling. The training programme in the intervention group will consist of eight 60 min sessions and environmental support, implemented after assessing the research environment and obtaining approval from the relevant officials. A brief training programme unrelated to the intervention group’s focus (home safety) will be implemented for the control group. Quantitative measures will be collected in both groups at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after the intervention. These measures will include self-administered questionnaires covering demographic variables, retirement adjustment, retirement resources, quality of life, coping methods, spiritual well-being and psychological well-being. Analytical statistics will be performed using the generalised linear model, with p values≤0.05 considered significant.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol has received approval from the ethics committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The research findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts, presentation in abstracts at National and International Scientific Conferences, and data sharing among researchers.

Trial registration number

IRCT20180516039690N2.
Associations between the Abilitator, a self-reported measurement tool of work ability and functioning, and national register-based indicators of health and employment
Authors: Kausto Johanna , Gluschkoff Kia , Poutanen Joonas , Wikström Miia , Joensuu Matti
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The Abilitator is a recently developed self-reported measurement tool for work ability and functioning of people in a weak labour market position. The aim of this study was to describe how self-reported information gathered with the Abilitator corresponds to information drawn from national registers.

Design, setting and participants

Participants (n=669, mean age 44 years, 55% women) took part in the Work Ability Programme (2020–2023) that provided services for unemployed people with reduced work ability. They filled in the Abilitator questionnaire at the start of the service. Register-based data on participants’ health, income and received benefits was drawn from national registers. We evaluated how the different types of indicators concurred.

Results

Statistically significant correlations (from weak to moderate) were found between different domains of the Abilitator and register-based data. Also, participants’ health status (information on mental health or musculoskeletal disorders) was displayed coherently in the results of the Abilitator. Overall, diagnosed mental health disorders distinguished participants’ Abilitator responses more strongly than diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders.

Conclusions

These findings provide further evidence on the applicability of the Abilitator as an instrument to evaluate work ability and functioning of people outside the work force.
Sleep characteristics and adolescent physical activity-related injuries in sports clubs, leisure time and schools
Authors: Kosticova Michaela , Kopcakova Jaroslava , Vaskova Monika , Slancova Terezia Kovalik , Kolarcik Peter , Bakalár Peter
Published: November 2023

Objective

Sleep has been identified as an important factor in relation to physical activity-related injury (PARI) in adolescents. The study aimed to explore associations between sleep duration, sleep problems and PARI among Slovak adolescents in three different settings: sports clubs, leisure time and schools.

Methods

We analysed data from the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2022 on a representative sample of 10 163 Slovak adolescents aged from 10.5 to 18.3 (mean age 13.4 (SD=1.5); 50.9% boys). Data were collected through self-administered online questionnaires completed by respondents in schools during the classes. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess associations between sleep duration during schooldays and weekends, sleep problems and PARI in sports clubs, leisure time and schools.

Results

Adolescents with normal sleep duration during schooldays and those who reported no problems with falling asleep, waking up at night and day sleepiness had a higher chance of not being injured during PA in sports clubs, leisure time and schools compared with adolescents with short sleep duration and sleep problems. Sufficient sleep duration during the weekend increased the probability of not having PARI in leisure time and schools, with the strongest association between long sleep duration and PARI in leisure time.

Conclusion

Good sleep quality and sufficient sleep duration were found to play a protective role in relation to PARI in adolescents. The findings suggest implementing sleep interventions in PARI prevention programmes, which must be considered a key component of adolescent PA promotion.
Unravelling the influence of affective stimulation on functional neurological symptoms: a pilot experiment examining potential mechanisms
Authors: Pick Susannah , Millman LS Merritt , Ward Emily , Short Eleanor , Stanton Biba , Reinders AAT Simone , Winston Joel S , Nicholson Timothy R , Edwards Mark J , Goldstein Laura H , David Anthony S , Chalder Trudie , Hotopf Matthew , Mehta Mitul A
Published: November 2023

Background

Differences in affective processing have previously been shown in functional neurological disorder (FND); however, the mechanistic relevance is uncertain. We tested the hypotheses that highly arousing affective stimulation would result in elevated subjective functional neurological symptoms (FNS), and this would be associated with elevated autonomic reactivity. The possible influence of cognitive detachment was also explored.

Method

Individuals diagnosed with FND (motor symptoms/seizures; n=14) and healthy controls (n=14) viewed Positive, Negative and Neutral images in blocks, while passively observing the stimuli (‘Watch’) or detaching themselves (‘Distance’). The FND group rated their primary FNS, and all participants rated subjective physical (arousal, pain, fatigue) and psychological states (positive/negative affect, dissociation), immediately after each block. Skin conductance (SC) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously.

Results

FNS ratings were higher after Negative compared with Positive and Neutral blocks in the FND group (p=0.002, ηp2=0.386); however, this effect was diminished in the Distance condition relative to the Watch condition (p=0.018, ηp2=0.267). SC and/or HR correlated with FNS ratings in the Negative-Watch and Neutral-Distance conditions (r values=0.527–0.672, p values=0.006–0.035). The groups did not differ in subjective affect or perceived arousal (p values=0.541–0.919, ηp2=<0.001–0.015).

Conclusions

Emotionally significant events may exert an influence on FNS which is related to autonomic activation rather than altered subjective affect or perceived arousal. This influence may be modulated by cognitive detachment. Further work is needed to determine the relevance and neural bases of these processes in specific FND phenotypes.
A case of chronic bacterial prostatitis due toMycoplasma genitalium
Authors: Rossotti Roberto , Travi Giovanna , Bana Nicholas Brian , Orcese Carloandrea , Puoti Massimo
Published: November 2023

Mycoplasma genitalium(MG) is a common cause of non-gonococcal urethritis, but a role in acute or chronic prostatitis has not been described. We describe the case of a 42-year-old man with recurrent urinary tract infections since 2018 who developed chronic prostatitis despite several and prolonged antibiotic courses. Multiparametric prostatic magnetic resonance showed peripheral inflammatory alterations. A 4-glass Meares-Stamey test detected MG in the third voided bladder (VB3) sample. Moxifloxacin 400 mg daily for 28 days resulted in sustained clinical and microbiological cure.
Substitutability of menthol cigarette alternatives: a clinical trial
Authors: Villanti Andrea C , Hinton Alice , Schulz Jonathan A , Erath Tyler G , Mehta Toral , Reed Derek , Tidey Jennifer , Businelle Michael , Wagener Theodore L
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This study assessed the substitutability of plausible combustible menthol cigarette alternatives (MCAs) for usual brand menthol cigarettes (UBMCs) in adults who smoke menthol cigarettes.

Methods

Following three in-lab sampling sessions, 80 adults aged 21–50 who smoke menthol cigarettes chose their preferred MCA: (1) a menthol roll-your-own cigarette (mRYO), (2) a menthol filtered little cigar (mFLC) or (3) a non-menthol cigarette (NMC). Participants were instructed to completely substitute their preferred MCA for their UBMC for 1 week and complete daily diaries documenting adherence and subjective effects. At the final lab visit, participants completed concurrent choice and cross-price elasticity tasks with their substitute product and UBMC as the comparator.

Results

Most (65%) participants chose mRYO as their preferred product, followed by NMC and mFLC. Adherence to MCA was high for all products across the week (range: 63%–88%). Positive subjective effects for mRYO decreased over time but remained numerically higher than the other MCA products; craving reduction also decreased for NMC across phases. In the progressive ratio task, participants chose their UBMC in 61.7% of choices; this did not differ by preferred MCA, although the median breakpoint was highest for mRYO and similar for mFLC and NMC. Cross-price elasticity comparing UBMC and the preferred product indicated high substitutability of each MCA at phase 3 (Ivalues −0.70 to −0.82).

Conclusions and relevance

mRYOs were the most preferred MCA among the study products, but all MCAs were acceptable substitutes for UBMC using behavioural and economic measures in a short-term trial period.

Trial registration numberNCT04844762.
Methodological analysis of a community-based training initiative using the EPIS framework: an ongoing initiative to empower 10 million bystanders in CPR and bleeding control
Authors: Merchant Asma Altaf Hussain , Hassan Sheza , Baig Noor , Atiq Huba , Mahmood Sana , Doll Ann , Naseer Rizwan , Haq Zia Ul , Shehnaz Deeba , Haider Adil H. , Razzak Junaid
Published: November 2023

Background

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and life-threatening bleeding from trauma are leading causes of preventable mortality globally. Early intervention from bystanders can play a pivotal role in increasing the survival rate of victims. While great efforts for bystander training have yielded positive results in high-income countries, the same has not been replicated in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to resources constraints. This article describes a replicable implementation model of a nationwide program, aimed at empowering 10 million bystanders with basic knowledge and skills of hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and bleeding control in a resource-limited setting.

Methods

Using the EPIS (Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment) framework, we describe the application of a national bystander training program, named ‘Pakistan Life Savers Programme (PLSP)’, in an LMIC. We discuss the opportunities and challenges faced during each phase of the program’s implementation and identify feasible and sustainable actions to make them reproducible in similar low-resource settings.

Results

A high mortality rate owing to OHCA and traumatic life-threatening bleeding was identified as a national issue in Pakistan. After intensive discussions during the exploration phase, PLSP was chosen as a potential solution. The preparation phase oversaw the logistical administration of the program and highlighted avenues using minimal resources to attain maximum outreach. National implementation of bystander training started as a pilot in suburban schools and expanded to other institutions, with 127 833 bystanders trained to date. Sustainability of the program was targeted through its addition in a single national curriculum taught in schools and the development of a cohesive collaborative network with entities sharing similar goals.

Conclusion

This article provides a methodological framework of implementing a national intervention based on bystander response. Such programs can increase bystander willingness and confidence in performing CPR and bleeding control, decreasing preventable deaths in countries having a high mortality burden.

Level of evidence

Level VI.
Pediatric renal trauma: 17 years of experience at a major Scandinavian trauma center
Authors: Ringen Amund Hovengen , Fatland André , Skaga Nils Oddvar , Gaarder Christine , Naess Paal Aksel
Published: November 2023

Background

Children are at increased risk of renal injuries from blunt trauma due to their anatomic constitution. The kidney is injured in 5–20% of pediatric patients withblunt abdominal trauma. During the last decades, the management of pediatric renal injuries has evolved toward non-operative management (NOM) unless the patient is hemodynamically compromised. The aim of the present study was to assess contemporary treatment strategies and evaluate outcomes in pediatric patients with renal injuries admitted to a major Scandinavian trauma center.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of all trauma patients under 18 years admitted to our institution from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2019 with main focus on patients with renal injury. Outcomes for two time periods were compared, 2003–2009 (Period 1; P1) and 2010–2019 (Period 2; P2), and the study cohort was also stratified into age groups, survivors and non-survivors and severity of renal injury.

Results

In total, there were 4230 pediatric patients included in Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry during this 17-year period and of these 115 (2.7%) had a renal injury. Nephrectomy was performed in four (3.5%) of the patients, angiographic embolization five (4.3%) and ureteral stent placement was performed in six patients (5.2%) due to urinary extravasation. Seven patients died, implying a crude mortality of 6.1%, with one exception secondary to traffic-related incidents. None of the deaths were attributed to renal injury and mortality fell to 1.2% in P2.

Discussion

This study on contemporary pediatric renal trauma care is one of the largest from a single institution outside the USA. Our results clearly show that NOM, including minimally invasive procedures in selected cases, is achievable in more than 90% of cases with low mortality and morbidity.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
The influence of physical activity and sex on carotid artery longitudinal wall motion in younger healthy adults
Authors: Bryans Carol G. , Gopaul Josh , Athaide Chloe E. , Pugh Christopher J.A. , Au Jason S.
Published: November 2023

Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) is a novel preclinical marker for atherosclerosis that describes the axial anterograde and retrograde motion of the intima–media complex. While regular physical activity and sex are known to independently influence arterial stiffness, their roles on axial arterial wall behaviour are unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine whether physical activity and sex impact CALM. We hypothesized that CALM retrograde displacement and total amplitude would be greater in females and active individuals, as a function of arterial stiffness. Fifty-seven young healthy adults (30 females; aged 22 ± 3 years) were evaluated for CALM outcomes and arterial stiffness and grouped by physical activity based on active (V̇O2 = 44.2 ± 8.9 mL/kg/min) or sedentary (V̇O2 = 33.7 ± 6.7 mL/kg/min) lifestyles defined by the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Arterial stiffness and CALM were measured by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and vascular ultrasound at the right common carotid artery with speckle tracking analysis, respectively. cfPWV was greater in males ( p < 0.01) with no interaction between sex and physical activity ( p = 0.90). CALM anterograde displacement was greater in males ( p = 0.03) resulting in a forward shift in total CALM pattern, which became less prominent when controlling for mean arterial pressure ( p = 0.06). All other CALM outcomes were not different between activity and sex. V̇O2max was not correlated to any CALM outcome (all p > 0.05). Apparent sex differences in vascular function extend to novel CALM outcomes but may be confounded by blood pressure. We recommend sex-balanced design and reporting in future studies due to possible anterograde-shifted CALM patterns in healthy males.
Dams facilitate predation during Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt migration
Authors: Mensinger Matthew A. , Hawkes James P. , Goulette Graham S. , Mortelliti Alessio , Blomberg Erik J. , Zydlewski Joseph D.
Published: November 2023

Diadromous fish populations have incurred precipitous declines across the globe. Among many stressors, these species are threatened by anthropogenic barriers that impede movement, alter riverine habitat, and augment predator communities. In this study, we used acoustic transmitters ( n = 220) with predation and temperature sensors to characterize Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) smolt predation risk in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA. Across two seasons, we documented 79 predation events through a 170 km migratory pathway, which included three hydropower projects and a large estuary. We detected tagged smolts that were predated by fish ( n = 42), marine mammals ( n = 28), and birds ( n = 9). Using a multistate mark-recapture framework, we estimated that 46% of smolts were predated during downstream migration, which accounted for at least 55% of all mortality. Relative predation risk was greatest through impoundments and the lower estuary, where on average, predation rates were 4.8-fold and 9.0-fold greater than free-flowing reaches, respectively. These results suggest that predation pressure on Atlantic salmon smolts is exacerbated by hydropower projects and that predation in the lower estuary may be greater than expected.
Effects of cutting speed and feed per knife on energy requirements for processing black spruce logs with a chipper-canter
Authors: Bourscheid Cleide Beatriz , Hernández Roger E. , Cáceres Claudia B. , Blais Carl
Published: November 2023

The effects of cutting speed (CS), feed per knife (FK), and temperature condition on energy requirements for processing black spruce logs by a chipper-canter were assessed. Nine groups of 15 logs were tested at three CS (20, 25, and 30 m/s) and three FK (19, 25, and 32 mm). Each log was processed under frozen (−13 °C) and unfrozen (19 °C) conditions. Mean power increased as CS and FK increased. This behavior is explained by the mechanical relationships between the parameters and the rotation and feed speeds, as well as by the increase in the volume of wood cut. The energy consumption and the specific energy consumption increased as CS increased and FK decreased. For the three electrical criteria, more energy was consumed when processing frozen logs, which is due to the greater mechanical properties of wood. A positive relationship was identified between sapwood and heartwood moisture content, basic density, grain angle, and wood volume transformed into chips, as covariates, and the three energy criteria. These results give useful information on energy requirements to adjust cutting parameters of chipper-canters for a better energy management in sawmills.
Response to side-banded phosphorus and zinc fertilizer for corn grown after canola or soybean in southern Manitoba
Authors: Rogalsky Magdalena , Tiessen Kevin H.D. , Flaten Don , Lawley Yvonne , Tenuta Mario , Heard John
Published: November 2023

A 2-year crop rotation study in southern Manitoba assessed the effects of starter fertilizer on grain corn ( Zea mays L.) production when corn followed canola ( Brassica napus L.) versus soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.). Treatments included a control (no starter) and two rates of phosphorus (P) (30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha−1) as monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 11–52–0) or MicroEssentials® SZ (MESZn, 12–40–0–10–1) side-banded at planting. The preceding crop did not have any influence on mycorrhizal colonization of corn roots at the V4 corn growth stage. However, side-banded fertilizer increased early-season biomass by as much as 111% compared to the unfertilized control, averaged across all site-years, with the largest increases occurring where corn followed canola. P concentration and uptake in early-season biomass increased as the P rate increased. Zinc (Zn) concentrations in early-season biomass were the greatest for the unfertilized control and MESZn treatments, while Zn uptake was significantly greater with the application of starter fertilizer compared to the unfertilized control. Starter P advanced silking date by 2–7 days relative to the unfertilized control. At maturity, starter P reduced grain moisture by 21–27 g kg−1 in corn only after canola. The high rate of MAP increased grain yield by an average of 770 kg ha−1 compared to the unfertilized control, regardless of the preceding crop. The negative influence of the preceding canola crop on early-season growth and mid-season development of corn can be managed with starter fertilization to provide adequate P and Zn to the corn crop and maintain successful production in Manitoba.
Gpu-based optical photon simulation for the LHCb RICH 1 detector
Authors: Li Yunlong , Davis Adam , Easo Sajan , Evans Keith , Gersabeck Evelina Mihova , Gersabeck Marco , Girardey Lucas George , Nandakumar Raja , Pointer Annabelle Jane
Published: November 2023

We present the investigation of the use of Opticks, a GPU-accelerated optical photon interface with the LHCb detector simulation, to improve computation time of optical photon propagation. The hybrid workflow, combining the particle simulation package Geant4 and Opticks, offloads optical photon propagation to GPUs, thereby accelerating the overall simulation process. The consistency of the results obtained from Geant4 and Opticks simulations is verified with a simplified LHCb RICH1 detector geometry, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach. In addition, the ongoing transition to the NVIDIA OptiX 7 API and re-structuring of Opticks code is discussed within the context of HEP simulation workflows, with caveats explored.
Rainbow Domination in Cartesian Product of Paths and Cycles
Authors: Gao Hong , Zhang Yunlei , Wang Yuqi , Guo Yuanyuan , Liu Xing , Liu Renbang , Xi Changqing , Yang Yuansheng
Published: November 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph and [Formula: see text] be an integer representing [Formula: see text] colors. There is a function [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] to the power set of [Formula: see text] colors satisfying every vertex [Formula: see text] assigned [Formula: see text] under [Formula: see text] in its neighborhood has all the colors, then [Formula: see text] is called a [Formula: see text]-rainbow dominating function ([Formula: see text]RDF) on [Formula: see text]. The weight of [Formula: see text] is the sum of the number of colors on each vertex all over the graph. The [Formula: see text]-rainbow domination number of [Formula: see text] is the minimum weight of [Formula: see text]RDFs on [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text]. The aim of this paper is to investigate the [Formula: see text]-rainbow ([Formula: see text]) domination number of the Cartesian product of paths [Formula: see text] and the Cartesian product of paths and cycles [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], we determine the value [Formula: see text] and present [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], we determine the values of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text].
Physical analysis of anisotropic compact stars in f(𝒬) gravity
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Zeeshan Gul M. , Rani Shamaila , Jawad Abdul
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this study is to investigate the stability and viability of anisotropic compact stellar objects using the Krori–Burua solutions in [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] is a nonmetricity scalar that explains the gravitational effects. We use a static spherical metric in the inner region and Schwarzschild spacetime in the outer region of the Her X-I, SAX J 1808.4-3658 and 4U1820-30 compact stars to investigate their physical properties. By using observed values of the radius and mass of the considered compact stars, the unknown parameters are determined. We use a particular model of this theory to examine the behavior of energy density, pressure components, anisotropy, equation of state parameters and energy constraints in the interior of the proposed stellar objects. The Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation is used to analyze the equilibrium state of these stars and causality condition, Herrera cracking method, adiabatic index methods are used to determine their stability. It is found that revolutionary technique sheds new light on the development of observationally accurate gravity model.
FRACTIONAL OSTROWSKI TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR (s,m)-CONVEX FUNCTION WITH APPLICATIONS
Authors: QI YONGFANG , LI GUOPING
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we introduce [Formula: see text]-convex function, and obtain a new identity by the method called integrating by parts. Based on the identity, many Ostrowski type inequalities are presented through the Hölder’s inequality and the well-known power-mean inequality. Under certain conditions, the results we obtained can be transformed into the classical results. Of course, at the end of the paper, some examples are given to support the main results.
Energy-Constrained Scheduling for Weakly Hard Real-Time Systems Using Standby-Sparing
Authors: Niu Linwei , Rawat Danda B. , Musselwhite Jonathan , Gu Zonghua , Deng Qingxu
Published: November 2023

For real-time embedded systems, QoS (Quality of Service), fault tolerance, and energy budget constraint are among the primary design concerns. In this research, we investigate the problem of energy constrained standby-sparing for both periodic and aperiodic tasks in a weakly hard real-time environment. The standby-sparing systems adopt a primary processor and a spare processor to provide fault tolerance for both permanent and transient faults. For such kind of systems, we firstly propose several novel standby-sparing schemes for the periodic tasks which can ensure the system feasibility under tighter energy budget constraint than the traditional ones. Then based on them integrated approachs for both periodic and aperiodic tasks are proposed to minimize the aperiodic response time whilst achieving better energy and QoS performance under the given energy budget constraint. The evaluation results demonstrated that the proposed techniques significantly outperformed the existing state-of-the-art approaches in terms of feasibility and system performance while ensuring QoS and fault tolerance under the given energy budget constraint.
Products, Polynomials and Differential Equations in the Stream Calculus
Authors: Boreale Michele , Collodi Luisa , Gorla Daniele
Published: November 2023

We study connections among polynomials, differential equations, and streams over a field 𝕂, in terms of algebra and coalgebra. We first introduce the class of
(F,G)
-
products
on streams, those where the stream derivative of a product can be expressed as a polynomial function of the streams and their derivatives. Our first result is that, for every
(F,G)
-product, there is a canonical way to construct a transition function on polynomials such that the resulting unique final coalgebra morphism from polynomials into streams is the (unique) commutative 𝕂-algebra homomorphism—and vice versa. This implies that one can algebraically reason on streams via their polynomial representation. We apply this result to obtain an algebraic-geometric decision algorithm for polynomial stream equivalence, for an underlying generic
(F,G)
-product. Finally, we extend this algorithm to solve a more general problem: finding all valid polynomial equalities that fit in a user specified polynomial template.
Cholestenoic acid as endogenous epigenetic regulator decreases hepatocyte lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Yaping , Pandak Williams M. , Hylemon Phillip B. , Min Hae-Ki , Min John , Fuchs Michael , Sanyal Arun J. , Ren Shunlin
Published: November 2023

To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify the mitochondrial monohydroxy bile acid cholestenoic acid (CA) as an endogenous epigenetic regulator that regulates lipid metabolism through epigenome modification in human hepatocytes. The methods used in this study are all big data analysis, and the results of each part show the global regulation of CA on human hepatocytes rather than narrow point effects.
Oxygen Requirement and Associated Risk Factors in Post-COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Center: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pathak Bishnu Deep , Upadhaya Regmi Binit , Joshi Sushil , Dhakal Bishal , Sapkota Suhail , Bishwakarma Kanchan , Bhandari Ashim , Pathak Seejan , Sharma Shriya , Adhikari Aakriti , Simkhada Nabin , Shrestha Dhan
Published: November 2023

Background. COVID-19 commonly affects the lungs and may lead to mild to severe hypoxemia. The supplemental oxygen requirement gradually reduces with the improvement in lung pathology. However, a few patients may have exertional desaturation, and ongoing oxygen needs at the time of hospital discharge. The objective of this research was to study the requirement of oxygen therapy in the immediate post-COVID-19 period and its associated risk factors. Materials and Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on the admitted post-COVID-19 patients who had recently tested real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative in a tertiary care center from August 2021 to mid of October 2021. Nonprobability consecutive sampling was used, and the sample size was 108. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS), version 23. The mode of oxygen therapy (nasal cannula, face mask, reservoir mask, or mechanical ventilation) in the first two weeks of the study was presented appropriately in a table. The nonparametric statistical tests were applied to determine the association between the duration of post-COVID-19 oxygen therapy and several other risk factors such as age, gender, comorbidities, smoking status, exposure to firewood, COVID-19 vaccination, and severity of COVID-19. Results. 95 (87.96%) cases required oxygen therapy in their immediate post-COVID-19 period. The overall median duration of oxygen therapy was 6.00 (4.00–10.00) days. The nasal cannula was the most commonly used mode of oxygen supplement. The duration of oxygen therapy was significantly higher in patients aged more than 60 years (6.00 [5.00–11.00],

p

 = 0.013), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (10.00 [6.00–12.75],

p

 = 0.006), history of chronic smoking (9.00 [5.50–13.00],

p

 = 0.044), and severe COVID-19 infection (7.00 [5.00–10.50],

p

 = 0.042). Conclusions. The proportion of patients requiring oxygen therapy in the immediate post-COVID-19 period was higher than that reported in other studies. In addition, old age (>60 years), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic smoking, and severe COVID-19 infection significantly increased the duration of oxygen therapy. So, these factors should be assessed while discharging patients from COVID-19 facilities, and oxygen supplementation should be planned for needy patients.
SILAR Synthesized Binder-Free, Hydrous Cobalt Phosphate Thin Film Electrocatalysts for OER Application: Annealing Effect on the Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Patil Vinod V. , Pujari Sachin S. , Bhosale Shraddha B. , Kumbhar Sambhaji S. , Parale Vinayak G. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Gunjakar Jayavant L. , Mali Mukund G. , Mhamane Dattakumar S. , Park Hyung-Ho , Patil Umakant M.
Published: November 2023

Highly efficient and robust electrocatalysts intended for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential for energy conversion devices; the structural and morphological fractions of the electrocatalyst can also greatly influence the OER performance. Therefore, developing a high-performing electrocatalyst with desired properties is crucial through a simple and cost-effective chemical process. So, the binder-free, hydrous cobalt phosphate (Co3(PO4)2.nH2O) thin film electrocatalysts are prepared via the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method onto stainless steel (SS) substrates at ambient temperature. Additionally, the impact of annealing on the OER efficiency of thin film electrodes made of hydrous cobalt phosphate was observed by subjecting the electrocatalysts to different temperatures (200°C and 400°C). The SILAR synthesized hydrous Co3(PO4)2.nH2O with the short-range ordered agglomerated particles transformed into discrete nanoparticles with an annealing temperature. The as-prepared hydrous cobalt phosphate (CP) demonstrated outstanding OER performance with the least overpotential (

η

) of 265 mV at 10 mA cm-2 current density and the lowest Tafel slope of 37 mV dec-1, and the overpotential (

η

10

) increased upon the annealing of catalysts (CP 200 and CP 400). Moreover, the as-prepared electrocatalyst demonstrated overall water splitting at the lowest potential of 1.56 V (@10 mA cm-2) in the alkaline electrolysis system (CP//Pt). The present study reveals that the electrocatalytic performance of the as-prepared cobalt phosphate thin film catalyst is significantly associated with the hydrous content present in catalysts and demonstrates the practical applicability of SILAR-synthesized binder-free cobalt phosphate thin film electrocatalysts.
Extraction and Optimization of Tanning Material from Osyris lanceolata Barks: Cleaner Leather Tanning Processing
Authors: Teshome Zerihun , Agazhi Tesfaye , Gashew Tale , Solomon Biniyam , Belay Tsion , Baye Belete , Temach Efrem
Published: November 2023

Tanning is a processing mechanism that prevents the collagen fibers from putrefaction to maximize the hydrothermal stability of leather. Tannin agents extracted from plants were used in leather production in a process called vegetable tanning. Vegetable tanning is an eco-friendly tanning method when compared to chrome tanning. Chrome tanning is the most common method of tanning hides. Currently, chrome tanning, which is extracted from chrome ores, is used in more than 80–90% of the leather tanning industry, but the most serious environmental issue associated with tanneries is chromium. This implies that the presence of chromium both in wastewater and in leather waste has a significant environmental impact and a high cost for landfills. However, currently, vegetable tanning and other tanning materials take up a 10–20% share of the leather tanning industry. Even today, most commercial vegetable tanning is a mimosa. In this study, a new alternative material and chrome-free tanning process using the barks of the Osyris lanceolata plant barks which reduces the environmental pollution load in terms of wastewater and solid wastes would be introduced. The study also aimed to improve the extraction and optimization mechanisms of tannin material from the bark of the Osyris lanceolata plant, which grows in Dera Hamusit Woreda in Ethiopia’s south Gonder Amhara region. In addition to these, the chemical and physical properties of experimentally treated leather were analyzed. This study’s results show that the bark of Osyris lanceolata contains (18.72%) tannin with 96% tanning strength (96%), and 49 percent purity. Also, leather treated with this tannin showed good shrinkage temperature (84.5°C), and organoleptic properties results such as tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation were 7.1 N/mm2, 19 N, and 45%, respectively. Besides that, the FTIR analysis shows that the bark of the Osyris lanceolata plant has a phenolic compound that is used for tanning purposes. This study clearly shows that extracted tannin from Osyris lanceolata has the potential to be used as an alternative tannin material in the leather tanning industry.