bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic risk of major depressive disorder: the moderating and mediating effects of neuroticism and psychological resilience on clinical and self-reported depression
Authors: Navrady L. B. , Adams M. J. , Chan S. W. Y. ,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Ritchie S. J. , McIntosh A. M.
Published: November 2017

Background

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression correlate with depression status and chronicity, and provide causal anchors to identify depressive mechanisms. Neuroticism is phenotypically and genetically positively associated with depression, whereas psychological resilience demonstrates negative phenotypic associations. Whether increased neuroticism and reduced resilience are downstream mediators of genetic risk for depression, and whether they contribute independently to risk remains unknown.

Methods

Moderating and mediating relationships between depression PRS, neuroticism, resilience and both clinical and self-reported depression were examined in a large, population-based cohort, Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (N = 4166), using linear regression and structural equation modelling. Neuroticism and resilience were measured by the Eysenck Personality Scale Short Form Revised and the Brief Resilience Scale, respectively.

Results

PRS for depression was associated with increased likelihood of self-reported and clinical depression. No interaction was found between PRS and neuroticism, or between PRS and resilience. Neuroticism was associated with increased likelihood of self-reported and clinical depression, whereas resilience was associated with reduced risk. Structural equation modelling suggested the association between PRS and self-reported and clinical depression was mediated by neuroticism (43–57%), while resilience mediated the association in the opposite direction (37–40%). For both self-reported and clinical diagnoses, the genetic risk for depression was independently mediated by neuroticism and resilience.

Conclusions

Findings suggest polygenic risk for depression increases vulnerability for self-reported and clinical depression through independent effects on increased neuroticism and reduced psychological resilience. In addition, two partially independent mechanisms – neuroticism and resilience – may form part of the pathway of vulnerability to depression.
The behavioural constellation of deprivation: Compelling framework, messy reality
Authors: Daly Martin , Ramos Dandara , Perry Gretchen
Published: November 2017

Pepper & Nettle's (P&N's) argument is compelling, but apparently contradictory data are easily found. Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and substance abuse are sometimes positive, the poor are sometimes eager to educate their children, and perceptions of local mortality risk can be so distorted as to constitute an implausible basis for contextually appropriate responding. These anomalies highlight the need for more psychological work.
A social dimension to enjoyment of negative emotion in art reception
Authors: Bastian Brock
Published: November 2017

The proposed model overlooks the contribution of a relational/prosocial dimension to the enjoyment of negative emotion in art reception. Negative experiences have a unique capacity to build social bonds and may also increase motivation to “connect” with the artist. This affiliative motivation ensures that people experience an artwork as more emotional, more intense, more interesting, and ultimately more rewarding.
You are not alone – Social sharing as a necessary addition to the Embracing factor
Authors: Egloff Boris
Published: November 2017

I argue that the Embracing factor cannot be adequately conceptualized without taking into account the regulatory power of the social sharing of emotions. Humans tend to share their negative emotions with close others, and they benefit from it. I outline how this mechanism works in art reception by regulating and transforming negative emotions into positive experiences.
Art and fiction are signals with indeterminate truth values
Authors: Rabb Nathaniel
Published: November 2017

Menninghaus et al. distinguish art from fiction, but no current arguments or data suggest that the concept of art can be meaningfully circumscribed. This is a problem for aesthetic psychology. I sketch a solution by rejecting the distinction: Unlike most animal communication, in which signals are either true or false, art and fiction consist of signals without determinate truth values.
Being moved is a positive emotion, and emotions should not be equated with their vernacular labels
Authors: Schubert Thomas W. , Seibt Beate , Zickfeld Janis H. , Blomster Johanna K. , Fiske Alan P.
Published: November 2017

As evidence for the second process of the Embracing factor, the target article characterizes being moved as a mixed emotion linked to sadness through metonymy. We question these characterizations and argue that emotions should not be equated with their vernacular labels.
The pre-participation screening in young athletes: which protocol do we need exactly?
Authors: Çetin İbrahim İ. , Ekici Filiz , Kibar Ayşe E. , Sürücü Murat , Orgun Ali
Published: November 2017

The aim was to assess the utility and feasibility of a comprehensive cardiac screening protocol in young athletes before participation in sports. A total of 380 athletes referring before participation in sports, between April, 2014 and April, 2015, were included in this study. The mean age was 12.4 years. A screening protocol has been applied to all, including personal and family history, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, 24-hour rhythm Holter analysis, and treadmill exercise test. The most frequent complaints were chest pain in 19 (5%), dyspnoea in 13 (3.4%), and dizziness and fainting in five patients (1.3%) on exercise. There was sudden death and arrhythmia in 41 patients (10.7%) owing to family history. Heart murmur was present in 20 (5.2%) and hypertension in 10 patients (2.6%) on physical examination. The 12-lead electrocardiography was abnormal in 9 patients (2.4%). The findings of transthoracic echocardiography were insignificant in 47 patients (12.3%) and in five patients (1.3%) a haemodynamically important condition was detected. The 24-hour rhythm Holter analysis was abnormal in six patients (1.5%). There were significant ST changes in two patients (0.5%) on treadmill exercise test with normal findings on myocardial perfusion scans. No significant relation was present between findings of screening protocol and transthoracic echocardiography, 24-hour rhythm Holter analysis, or treadmill exercise test results.

Pre-participation screening in young athletes should consist of a targeted personal history, family history, physical examination, and 12-lead electrocardiography. Other tests should be applied only if the screening indicates the presence of a cardiovascular disease.
Socio-economic factors associated with an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption: a 12-year study in women from the E3N-EPIC study
Authors: Affret Aurélie , Severi Gianluca , Dow Courtney , Mancini Francesca Romana , Rey Grégoire , Delpierre Cyrille , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Fagherazzi Guy
Published: November 2017

Objective

To identify individual and contextual socio-economic factors associated with an increase in fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption over a 12-year period and evaluate if some socio-economic factors were differentially associated with the change in consumption of some types of F&V.

Design

Associations between increased F&V consumption and socio-economic factors were studied with multivariate logistic regression.

Setting

E3N, a French prospective cohort study of 98 995 women.

Subjects

E3N participants (n58 193) with information on diet in 1993 and 2005, and numerous individual and contextual socio-economic factors available.

Results

Associations between some individual socio-economic factors and changes in F&V consumption were observed. For instance, women who lived in a large household (>3 childrenv. no child) had higher probability of increasing their vegetable consumption (OR=1·33; 95 % CI 1·24, 1·42). This association was driven by higher consumption of courgette and raw cucumber. Living with a partner was associated with higher odds of increasing consumption of fruits (OR=1·07; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·13) such as pear, peach and grape.

Conclusions

Certain individual socio-economic factors, but none of the contextual socio-economic factors examined, were associated with an increase in F&V consumption. Factors associated with an increase in total F&V consumption were not necessarily associated with an increase in fruit or vegetable consumption separately, or with an increase in each subtype of fruit or vegetable. Magnitudes of the different associations observed also differed when F&V were considered together, separately or by subtype. Increases in F&V consumption were mostly observed in women with high socio-economic position. To develop effective nutritional interventions and policies that take the socio-economic environment of individuals into account, we recommend future research to further focus on (i) pathways through which population characteristics might influence changes in F&V consumption and (ii) existing interactions between individual and contextual socio-economic factors.
Marx and Kant on Capitalist Exploitation
Authors: Wood Allen
Published: November 2017

Marx holds that capitalism is exploitative, but not unjust. Kant crafted a theory of right that explains why human beings are treated unjustly when the social system deprives them of the conditions of a free life. This essay attempts to relate Kant’s and Marx’s views to one another and to the capitalist social system, which these two thinkers studied at different stages of development. The economic and social theories of Fichte and Hegel are also employed to help make sense of the points of agreement and of disagreement between Kant and Marx concerning the ways modern capitalism deprives workers of freedom and whether this deprivation should be condemned as unjust.
Defending psychiatry or defending the trivial effects of therapeutic interventions? A citation content analysis of an influential paper
Authors: Cristea I. A. , Naudet F.
Published: November 2017

Aims.

Leucht et al. in 2012 described an overview of meta-analyses of the efficacy of medication in psychiatry and general medicine, concluding that psychiatric drugs were not less efficacious than other drugs. Our goal was to explore the dissemination of this highly cited paper, which combined a thought provoking message with a series of caveats.

Methods.

We conducted a prospectively registered citation content analysis. All papers published before June 1st citing the target paper were independently rated by two investigators. The primary outcome coded dichotomously was whether the citation was used to justify a small or modest effect observed for a given treatment. Secondary outcomes regarded mentioning any caveats when citing the target paper, the point the citation was making (treatment effectiveness in psychiatry closely resembles that in general medicine, others), the type of condition (psychiatric, medical or both), specific disease, treatment category and specific type. We also extracted information about the type of citing paper, financial conflict of interest (COI) declared and any industry support. The primary analysis was descriptive by tabulating the extracted variables, with numbers and percentages where appropriate. Co-authorship networks were constructed to identify possible clusters of citing authors. An exploratory univariate logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between each of a subset of pre-specified secondary outcomes and the primary outcome.

Results.

We identified 135 records and retrieved and analysed 120. Sixty-three (53%) quoted Leucht et al.’s paper to justify a small or modest effect observed for a given therapy, and 113 (94%) did not mention any caveats. Seventy-two (60%) used the citation to claim that treatment effectiveness in psychiatry closely resembles that in general medicine; 110 (91%) paper were about psychiatric conditions. Forty-one (34%) papers quoted it without pointing towards any specific treatment category, 28 (23%) were about antidepressants, 18 (15%) about antipsychotics. Forty (33%) of the citing papers included data. COIs were reported in 55 papers (46%). Univariate and multivariate regressions showed an association between a quote justifying small or modest effects and the point that treatment effectiveness in psychiatry closely resembles that in general medicine.

Conclusions.

Our evaluation revealed an overwhelmingly uncritical reception and seemed to indicate that beyond defending psychiatry as a discipline, the paper by Leucht et al. served to lend support and credibility to a therapeutic myth: trivial effects of mental health interventions, most often drugs, are to be expected and therefore accepted.

Protocol registration: https://osf.io/9dqat/
Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking
Authors: Lelaurain Solveig , Graziani Pierluigi , Lo Monaco Grégory
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global social concern: many women are affected by this phenomenon and by the difficulty of putting an end to it. This review of the literature aims to identify help-seeking facilitating and inhibiting factors in response to IPV. It was carried out on the PsycINFO and Medline databases using the following keywords: “intimate partner violence,” “domestic violence,” “help-seeking,” and “help-seeking barrier.” Ninety out of 771 eligible publications were included on the basis of inclusion criteria. The results highlight that (1) research on this phenomenon is very recent and underdeveloped in Europe, (2) theoretical and conceptual frameworks are poorly developed and extended, (3) there is a significant impact of violence characteristics (e.g., severity, type) on help-seeking, and (4) help-seeking is a complex and multifactorial process influenced by a wide range of factors simultaneously individual and social. To conclude, these findings lead us to propose a psychosocial conceptualization of the help-seeking process by indicating how the levels of explanation approach in social psychology can be applied to this field of research in order to increase our understanding of this phenomenon.
Erratum: The anaphase promoting complex impacts repair choice by protecting ubiquitin signalling at DNA damage sites
Authors: Ha Kyungsoo , Ma Chengxian , Lin Han , Tang Lichun , Lian Zhusheng , Zhao Fang , Li Ju-Mei , Zhen Bei , Pei Huadong , Han Suxia , Malumbres Marcos , Jin Jianping , Chen Huan , Zhao Yongxiang , Zhu Qing , Zhang Pumin
Published: November 2017

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 15751 (2017); Published 12 June 2017; Updated 29 November 2017. This Article contains an error in Fig. 7. In Fig. 7b, the label ‘siBRCRA1’ should have read ‘si53BP1’. The correct version of the figure appears below as Fig. 1.
Correction: Corrigendum: Insufficient antibody validation challenges oestrogen receptor beta research
Authors: Andersson Sandra , Sundberg Mårten , Pristovsek Nusa , Ibrahim Ahmed , Jonsson Philip , Katona Borbala , Clausson Carl-Magnus , Zieba Agata , Ramström Margareta , Söderberg Ola , Williams Cecilia , Asplund Anna
Published: November 2017

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 15840 (2017); Published 15 June 2017; Updated 29 November 2017 In this Article, two papers are mistakenly listed as having made use of the antibody 14C8 instead of the antibody PPG5/10. In the Discussion section, ref. 45 is incorrectly cited as having shown that the antibody 14C8 works well, and in Fig.
Correction: Corrigendum: Potent single-domain antibodies that arrest respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein in its prefusion state
Authors: Rossey Iebe , Gilman Morgan S. A. , Kabeche Stephanie C. , Sedeyn Koen , Wrapp Daniel , Kanekiyo Masaru , Chen Man , Mas Vicente , Spitaels Jan , Melero José A. , Graham Barney S. , Schepens Bert , McLellan Jason S. , Saelens Xavier
Published: November 2017

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 14158 (2017); Published 13 February 2017; Updated 29 November 2017. In this Article, the clinical isolate MAD/GM3_10/14 of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is incorrectly described as an RSV A isolate. MAD/GM3_10/14 has been identified as an RSV B isolate onthe basis of its fusion protein sequence.
‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ Accumulates inside Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Vacuoles in the Gut Cells of Diaphorina citri
Authors: Ghanim Murad , Achor Diann , Ghosh Saptarshi , Kontsedalov Svetlana , Lebedev Galina , Levy Amit
Published: November 2017

Citrus greening disease known also as Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by the phloem-limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) has resulted in tremendous losses and the death of millions of trees worldwide. CLas is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. The closely-related bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CLso), associated with vegetative disorders in carrots, is transmitted by the carrot psyllid Bactericera trigonica. A promising approach to prevent the transmission of these pathogens is to interfere with the vector-pathogen interactions, but our understanding of these processes is limited. It was recently reported that CLas induced changes in the nuclear architecture, and activated programmed cell death, in D. citri midgut cells. Here, we used electron and fluorescent microscopy and show that CLas induces the formation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated bodies. The bacterium recruits those ER structures into Liberibacter containing vacuoles (LCVs), in which bacterial cells seem to propagate. ER- associated LCV formation was unique to CLas, as we could not detect these bodies in B. trigonica infected with CLso. ER recruitment is hypothesized to generate a safe replicative body to escape cellular immune responses in the insect gut. Understanding the molecular interactions that undelay these responses will open new opportunities for controlling CLas.
Effects of 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Corneal Epithelial Proliferation, Migration and Vitamin D Metabolizing and Catabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Lu Xiaowen , Chen Zhong , Mylarapu Namratha , Watsky Mitchell A.
Published: November 2017

This study investigated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 on corneal epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and on the vitamin D activating enzyme CYP27B1 (produces 1,25(OH)2D3) and inactivating enzyme CYP24A1 (produces 24R,25(OH)2D3). The role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was also examined. In VDR wildtype mouse corneal epithelial cells (WT), 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP24A1 protein expression and decreased CYP27B1 expression. In VDR knockout mouse epithelial cells (KO), 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 protein expression. 1,25(OH)2D3 did not affect WT cell proliferation, but did stimulate VDR KO cell proliferation. In a human corneal epithelial cell line (HCEC), 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP24A1 mRNA and protein expression. 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP27B1 mRNA levels in HCEC, but had no effect on CYP27B1 protein levels. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited HCEC proliferation and stimulated cell migration in primary human epithelial cells. 24,25(OH)2D3, on the other hand, increased both CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 protein expression in WT and VDR KO cells, and stimulated cell proliferation in both WT and KO cells. In HCEC, 24,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 mRNA and protein expression, and stimulated cell migration. In human primary corneal epithelial cells, 24,25(OH)2D3 stimulated migration. We conclude that 24R,25(OH)2D3 is likely involved in corneal epithelial cell regulation independent of 1,25(OH)2D3 or VDR.
Total synthesis of the reported structure of 13a-hydroxytylophorine
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Gang , Su Bo , Deng Meng , Liu Yu-Xiu , Gu Yu-Cheng , Wang Qing-Min
Published: November 2017

The first total synthesis of the reported structure of 13a-hydroxytylophorine was accomplished. The key step was an unprecedented NaBH4-promoted one-pot reductive cyclization cascade that efficiently yielded a hydroxyl azonane intermediate. The indolizidine framework was obtained by means of oxidation and a subsequent unexpected protecting-group migration. This total synthesis revealed that the reported structure of the naturally isolated compound is incorrect.
Opposite effects of dissolved oxygen on the removal of As(III) and As(V) by carbonate structural Fe(II)
Authors: Tian Zeyuan , Feng Yong , Guan Yiyi , Shao Binbin , Zhang Yalei , Wu Deli
Published: November 2017

Freshly prepared carbonate structural Fe(II) (CSF) was used to immobilize As(III) and As(V) in wastewater under oxic and anoxic conditions. Dissolved oxygen was found to exert opposite effects on these two arsenic species. The sorption density of As(III) was higher under oxic conditions, whereas that of As(V) was higher under anoxic conditions. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopic analyses indicated that crystalline parasymplesite (Fe(II)3(AsO4)2·8H2O) was formed when As(V) was removed under anoxic conditions, while an amorphous Fe-As-containing precipitate was formed when As(III) was removed under oxic conditions. The distribution of arsenic and iron between the solution and sediments suggested that the oxidation of structural Fe(II) promoted coprecipitation process and inhibited surface complexation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses revealed that more As(III) was oxidized under oxic condition, which contributed to a higher sorption capacity for As(III). The formation of parasymplesite through surface complexation/precipitation was proposed to be more effective for the removal of As(V) by CSF, while As(III) was more efficiently removed through coprecipitation. Together, the results suggest that CSF may be an effective material for sequestering both As(III) and As(V). In addition, attention should be paid to the dissolved oxygen content when remediating different arsenic species.
New Hybrid Hydrazinyl Thiazole Substituted Chromones: As Potential α-Amylase Inhibitors and Radical (DPPH & ABTS) Scavengers
Authors: Salar Uzma , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Chigurupati Sridevi , Taha Muhammad , Wadood Abdul , Vijayabalan Shantini , Ghufran Mehreen , Perveen Shahnaz
Published: November 2017

Current research is based on the identification of novel inhibitors of α-amylase enzyme. For that purpose, new hybrid molecules of hydrazinyl thiazole substituted chromones 5–27 were synthesized by multi-step reaction and fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as EI-MS, HREI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Stereochemistry of the iminic bond was confirmed by NOESY analysis of a representative molecule. All compounds 5–27 along with their intervening intermediates 1–4, were screened for in vitro α-amylase inhibitory, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. All compounds showed good inhibition potential in the range of IC50 = 2.186–3.405 µM as compared to standard acarbose having IC50 value of 1.9 ± 0.07 µM. It is worth mentioning that compounds were also demonstrated good DPPH (IC50 = 0.09–2.233 µM) and ABTS (IC50 = 0.584–3.738 µM) radical scavenging activities as compared to standard ascorbic acid having IC50 = 0.33 ± 0.18 µM for DPPH and IC50 = 0.53 ± 0.3 µM for ABTS radical scavenging activities. In addition to that cytotoxicity of the compounds were checked on NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line and found to be non-toxic. In silico studies were performed to rationalize the binding mode of compounds (ligands) with the active site of α-amylase enzyme.
Integrated Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of High-level Chloramphenicol Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Yingyu , Fu Qin , Wang Yang , Li Xiaowei , Wu Congming , Shen Zhangqi , Zhang Qijing , Qin Peibin , Shen Jianzhong , Xia Xi
Published: November 2017

Campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen, and its resistance to antibiotics is of great concern for public health. However, few studies have investigated the global changes of the entire organism with respect to antibiotic resistance. Here, we provide mechanistic insights into high-level resistance to chloramphenicol in C. jejuni, using integrated genomic and proteomic analyses. We identified 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as an efflux pump cmeB mutation that conferred modest resistance. We determined two radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes, one each from an SNP gene and a differentially expressed protein. Validation of major metabolic pathways demonstrated alterations in oxidative phosphorylation and ABC transporters, suggesting energy accumulation and increase in methionine import. Collectively, our data revealed a novel rRNA methylation mechanism by a radical SAM superfamily enzyme, indicating that two resistance mechanisms existed in Campylobacter. This work provided a systems biology perspective on understanding the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacteria.
Comparing Traditional Service Delivery and Telepractice for Speech Sound Production Using a Functional Outcome Measure
Authors: Coufal Kathy , Parham Douglas , Jakubowitz Melissa , Howell Cassandra , Reyes Jared
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Using American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA's) National Outcomes Measurement System (NOMS) Functional Communication Measure (FCM) as a common metric, this investigation compared traditional service delivery and telepractice service delivery for children receiving therapy for the NOMS diagnostic category of “speech sound production.”

Method

De-identified cases were secured from ASHA's NOMS database and a proprietary database from a private e-learning provider. Cases were included if they met 3 criteria: (a) children received treatment exclusively for speech sound production, (b) they were between 6.0 and 9.5 years old, and (c) they received therapy lasting between 4 and 9 months.

A total of 1,331 ASHA NOMS cases and 428 telepractice cases were included. The 2 groups were matched by initial FCM scores. Mann–Whitney
U
tests were completed to compare differences in the median change scores (the difference between the initial and final FCM scores) between the 2 groups.

Results

There were no significant differences in the median change scores between the traditional group and the telepractice group.

Conclusions

These results suggest comparable treatment outcomes between traditional service delivery and telepractice for treatment of children exhibiting speech sound disorders. The findings provide support for the use of telepractice for school-age children.
Millimetre‐wave multi‐view near‐field scattering tomography system
Authors: Shahir Shahed , Semnani Behrooz , Mohajer Mehrbod , Rafi Gholamreza , Orchard Jeff , Safavi‐Naeini Safieddin
Published: November 2017

In a previous study by Shahir et al., the permittivity profile of object under test (OUT) from electric fields measured outside OUT is accurately estimated by considering the region of interest confined within the boundary of the OUT. This study proposes a continuous‐wave multi‐view near‐field scattering tomography system at the millimetre‐wave frequency range and reformulates the sub‐space approach for reconstructing the continuous‐wave tomographic images while considering the region of interest beyond the OUT boundary. The OUT reconstructed tomographic images enable one to localise the OUT boundaries. The proposed system also eliminates the need for fully systemic isolation (i.e. anechoic chamber) or water as a background medium by reducing multipath effects substantially at millimetre wave. The system performance is evaluated by reconstructing the tomographic images of various samples, and the experimental results are presented.
Research on a new scheme of LCC‐HVDC line protection
Authors: Song Guobing , Gu Yaobin , Huang X.H. , Wang Ting , Huang W.
Published: November 2017

High‐performance protection scheme of the transmission line is very important for the safe and reliable operation of line commutated converter‐based high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) system. The transmission line protection scheme applied in existing projects is lack of reliability, rapidity and incomplete in theory. Due to the disadvantages of current dc protection scheme, bipolar blocking accidents have happened frequently. In order to overcome this defect and improve the protection performance, four kinds of new dc line protection principles are put forward and selected to form a new scheme. This new dc line protection scheme can avoid the influence of long‐distance distribution parameters and cover the entire process of fault with a lower sampling rate. In addition, the problem of high‐resistance ground faults can also be identified sensitively. Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove the effectiveness and superiority of this new HVDC transmission line protection scheme.
Method to determine spinning reserve requirement for a grid with large‐scale wind power penetration
Authors: Liu J.T. , Feng S.H. , Wang K. , Guo X.R. , Xu L.Z.
Published: November 2017

With large‐scale wind power penetration and rapid development of smart grid, some new challenges are brought to the active power balance of power grid, while, some new regulation means are also brought to the grid operators. This makes traditional spinning reserve (SR) capacity determine methods no longer applicable. The SR capacity determines method under the new situation is studied in this paper. The resources, functions and influence factors of SR are analysed. The SR determine principle is proposed, considering the demand for the active power dispatching under non‐accident condition, the demand for fast recovery of frequency under accident condition and the reliability requirement of the power system operation. On this basis, the evaluation indexes of the SR are studied and the calculation method of the SR requirement is proposed. At last, some cases based on the operation data of a regional grid are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
Four harmonic analysis and energy metering algorithms based on a new cosine window function
Authors: Zhuang Shuangyong , Zhao Wei , Wang Qing , Huang Songling
Published: November 2017

In order to further improve the calculation accuracy of the windowed fast fourier transform (FFT) interpolation algorithm, this study proposes a four‐order Hanning self‐multiplication window, and based on this new window function, four kinds of windowed FFT interpolation algorithms for harmonic analysis have been derived, include single‐spectrum‐line interpolation, double‐spectrum‐line interpolation, triple‐spectrum‐line interpolation and four‐spectrum‐line interpolation. Using these four harmonic analysis algorithms, the amplitude, phase and frequency of the fundamental and harmonic in the measured voltage and current signal can be obtained, and then the fundamental and harmonic energy can be calculated accurately by using the energy metering equation. The simulation results show that the window function has better main lobe and side lobe performance, which can effectively suppress the influence of spectrum leakage and fence effect, so based on this window function, the four harmonic analysis and energy metering algorithms can inhibit the effect of fundamental frequency fluctuation, and with the number of spectrum lines increasing, the computing accuracy of the algorithm is improved.
Distribution networks reconfiguration considering the integrations of DGS and different voltages of the medium‐voltage feeders
Authors: Ning Xiong , Weiqun Yang , Wenguang Zhu , Qiuyue Chen , Wei Tang , Dechang Yang
Published: November 2017

With the large‐scale integration of distributed generations (DGs) and verified loads, the basic topology and operating characteristics of distribution system have been fundamentally changed. In this study, a novel reconfiguration scheme for distribution networks is proposed with consideration of DGs and the feeders of different voltages from the different substations. First of all, the comprehensive objective function is established by transforming the multiple objectives, i.e. power loss, voltage deviation and voltage stability margin, into the single objection function via the possibility‐satisfactory degree method. Moreover, the simulation model of DGs and different kinds of loads are analysed in detail. Then, the improved fireworks algorithm is proposed to solve the reconfiguration problems by considering features of the medium‐voltage feeders with different voltages. Finally, simulations are carried out to evaluate the performances of the reconfiguration scheme and proposed algorithm, which show that the reconfiguration scheme considering different voltages of the medium‐voltage feeders can reduce the power loss and decrease the voltage deviation caused by the integrations of DGs and improve the reliability of the distribution system.
A two-layer optimization approach for renewable energy management of green microgrid in deregulated power sector
Authors: Kaur Jasmine , Sood Yog Raj , Shrivastava Rajnish
Published: November 2017

Microgrids with integrated renewable energy sources (RESs) serve as a clean and befitting solution to meet the ever increasing energy demand of countries across the globe. The power supply reliability is maintained through bidirectional power exchange between the main grid and the green microgrid. The exchange of power between the main grid and the microgrid is often challenging if the uncertainty in the availability of renewable sources and the influence of market prices is not taken into consideration. This work considers a green microgrid comprising solar, wind, microturbine, and fuel cell generation, along with a pumped hydrostorage system to cater to uncertainties associated with RES. A novel double layer optimization approach aimed at the social benefit maximization of both the main grid and the green microgrid, with optimal utilization of available RES and strategic management of pumped hydrostorage (in the green microgrid) during real time dispatch, is proposed in this paper. The scheduled power exchange is submitted to the independent system operator in the Day Ahead Schedule Layer based on the bids submitted to the microgrid central controller by load agents and generation agents. The real time dispatch layer deals with the intermittencies in RES by optimally managing the pump hydrostorage system. The developed optimization approach is implemented on a test network simulated as the green microgrid interconnected by an IEEE 30 bus system as the main grid.
The collisionality dependence of intermittency level in drift-wave turbulence in the stellarator TJ-K
Authors: Garland S. , Reuther K. , Ramisch M. , Manz P.
Published: November 2017

The link between plasma collisionality and the intermittency of edge drift-wave turbulence is investigated experimentally in the stellarator TJ-K and compared to results obtained from slab Hasegawa-Wakatani (HW) simulations. The kurtosis of experimental time series of density and potential fluctuations was analysed at different frequency scales. Using this method on data from a range of discharges, it was found that the intermittency level increases with increasing collisionality for density fluctuations, whereas potential fluctuations are generally self-similar. In addition, a high-order structure function analysis of density time-series data also shows a trend towards higher intermittency levels as collisionality is increased. HW simulations are found to produce a qualitatively similar trend in the intermittency level compared to experimental analyses. The transition to intermittent fluctuations at higher collisionalities can be understood in the framework of the HW model as the decoupling of the density field from the self-similar potential field when moving from the adiabatic to the hydrodynamic limit, where the density behaves like a passive scalar, resulting in the intermittency levels observed in the vorticity.
The regulator of G-protein signalling protein mediates D-glucose-induced stomatal closure via triggering hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hei Shumei , Liu Zhifeng , Huang Aixia , She Xiaoping
Published: November 2017

2-Deoxy-D-glucose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and D-mannose are all non-metabolisable D-glucose analogues. Among these, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and D-mannose are substrates for hexokinase (HXK). D-sorbitol and D-mannitol are reduced forms of D-glucose and are typically used as comparable osmotic solutes. Similar to 2-deoxy-D-glucose and D-mannose, D-glucose induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis, whereas 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-sorbitol and D-mannitol did not. The data show that the effect of D-glucose on stomata is metabolism-independent, HXK-dependent and irrelevant to osmotic stress. Additionally, the D-glucose induced closure of stomata in wild-type Arabidopsis, but did not in rgs1-1 and rgs1-2 or gpa1-3 and gpa1-4 mutants, indicating that the regulator of G-protein signalling protein (RGS1) and heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins)-α subunit (Gα) also mediate the stomatal closure triggered by D-glucose. Furthermore, the effects of D-glucose on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or nitric oxide (NO) production and stomatal closure were more significant in AtrbohD or Nia2-1 mutants than in AtrbohF and AtrbohD/F or Nia1-2 and Nia2-5/Nia1-2. The data indicate that H2O2 sourced from AtrbohF and NO generated by Nia1 are essential for D-glucose-mediated stomatal closure. D-glucose-induced H2O2 and NO production in guard cells were completely abolished in rgs1-1 and rgs1-2, which suggests that RGS1 stimulates H2O2 and NO production in D-glucose-induced stomatal closure. Collectively, our data reveal that both HXK and RGS1 are required for D-glucose-mediated stomatal closure. In this context, D-glucose can be sensed by its receptor RGS1, thereby inducing AtrbohF-dependent H2O2 production and Nia1-catalysed NO accumulation, which in turn stimulates stomatal closure.
Interspecific correlation between exotic and native plants under artificial wetland forests on the Dianchi lakeside, south-west China
Authors: Lei Yuan , Wu Zhao-lu , Wu Liang-zao , Shi Hui-ling , Bai Hao-tian , Fu Wei , Ye Yuan
Published: November 2017

The core issue of community ecology and biodiversity is the coexistence of species in a real community, but few studies have considered species coexistence in artificial wetland forests. The present study focused on interspecific correlations of exotic and native species in 8-year-old artificial wetland forests. Four large plots (each 1500m2) were established to record the species and abundance of all plants; 160 quadrats (1×1m) were set to record the number, height and coverage of each plant species. In the large plots, 78 species (6 trees, 11 shrubs and 61 herbs) were recorded. The interspecific relationships of major species (frequency >3%) from quadrats were analysed using the Chi-Square test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient index. Of 253 species pairs, 49 and 45 were significant (P<0.05), with positive and negative correlations respectively, showing intense interspecific competition. Ward’s method of hierarchical clustering was used to divide the major species from quadrats into three and five ecological species groups at a rescaled distance cluster combine of 20 and 10 respectively. Dominant invasive species (Solidago canadensis, Ageratina adenophora and Bidens pilosa) formed monodominant patches; however, species of different sizes and ecological demands, whether exotic or native, could coexist. These findings imply that exotic species can coexist with native species and become a common species composition when they have existed for a sufficient period time in artificial wetland forests.
Health seeking narratives of unwell Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in Melbourne Australia
Authors: Samuel Sophia , Advocat Jenny , Russell Grant
Published: November 2017

Sri Lankan Tamil refugees are among the largest group of refugees to resettle in Australia in the last decade. The aim of this study is to characterise the narratives of health-seeking among unwell Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Drawing on a qualitative, phenomenological perspective, we conducted in-depth interviews in Tamil and English with 12 participants who identified as being unwell for 6 months or more. Findings revealed three narratives of health-seeking: the search for the ‘good life’ that was lost or never experienced, seeking help from familiar channels in an unfamiliar context, and the desire for financial and occupational independence. These three narratives are undergirded by the metanarrative of a hope-filled recovery. These narratives of Tamil refugees’ lived experience provide new insights into clinical care and health service delivery.
Trend analysis of fire season length and extreme fire weather in North America between 1979 and 2015
Authors: Jain Piyush , Wang Xianli , Flannigan Mike D.
Published: November 2017

We have constructed a fire weather climatology over North America from 1979 to 2015 using the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System. We tested for the presence of trends in potential fire season length, based on a meteorological definition, and extreme fire weather using the non-parametric Theil–Sen slope estimator and Mann–Kendall test. Applying field significance testing (i.e. joint significance of multiple tests) allowed the identification of the locations of significant trends, taking into account spatial correlations. Fire season length was found to be increasing over large areas of North America, especially in eastern Canada and the south-western US, which is consistent with a later fire season end and an earlier fire season start. Both positive and negative trends in potential fire spread days and the 99th percentile of FWI occurred in Canada and the contiguous United States, although the trends of largest magnitude and statistical significance were mostly positive. In contrast, the proportion of trends with significant decreases in these variables were much lower, indicating an overall increase in extreme fire weather. The smaller proportion of significant positive trends found over Canada reflects the truncation of the time series, necessary because assimilation of precipitation observations over Canada ceased in the reanalysis post-2002.
The role of the Frontiers of Knowledge Awards in identifying the global leaders in ecological research
Authors: Jáuregui Pablo , Salomone Mónica
Published: November 2017

Introduction:
This paper outlines the origins and rationale of the Frontiers of Knowledge Awards, a new family of international prizes created in 2008 by the BBVA Foundation of Spain. The aim of these awards is to recognize world-class contributions in a range of scientific, technological, and artistic areas which address the central challenges of the twenty-first century. Their key distinguishing feature is the fact that they have incorporated amongst their categories the two fundamental fields of contemporary environmental research: Ecology and Conservation Biology and Climate Change.

Outcomes:
By documenting the winners of the Frontiers of Knowledge Awards in these two areas, as well as the reasons for which they received this recognition during their previous nine editions, we show how these prizes have helped to identify some of the leading international figures in environmental science, such as Edward O. Wilson, Daniel H. Hanzen, Jane Lubchenco, and Ilkka Hanski.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we suggest that this initiative contributes to the public salience of the global ecological problems which threaten the future of our species. At the same time, the Frontiers of Knowledge Awards serve to highlight the fundamental importance of the pioneering scientists whose research can provide the only reliable basis on which global-policy makers must make informed decisions to successfully confront the environmental challenges of our time.
Graphs of hyperbolic groups and a limit set intersection theorem
Authors: Sardar Pranab
Published: November 2017

We define the notion of limit set intersection property for a collection of subgroups of a hyperbolic group; namely, for a hyperbolic group

G
G

and a collection of subgroups

S

\mathcal S

we say that

S

\mathcal S

satisfies the limit set intersection property if for all

H
,
K
∈

S

H,K \in \mathcal S

we have

Λ
(
H
)
∩
Λ
(
K
)
=
Λ
(
H
∩
K
)

\Lambda (H)\cap \Lambda (K)=\Lambda (H\cap K)

. Given a hyperbolic group admitting a decomposition into a finite graph of hyperbolic groups structure with QI embedded condition, we show that the set of conjugates of all the vertex and edge groups satisfies the limit set intersection property.
A role for the Smc3 hinge domain in the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
Authors: Robison Brett , Guacci Vincent , Koshland Douglas
Published: November 2017

A screen of cohesin subunit Smc3 reveals that its hinge is a nexus controlling the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion and condensation.
Host cell perforation by listeriolysin O (LLO) activates a Ca2+-dependent cPKC/Rac1/Arp2/3 signaling pathway that promotesListeria monocytogenesinternalization independently of membrane resealing
Authors: Lam Jonathan G. T. , Vadia Stephen , Pathak-Sharma Sarika , McLaughlin Eric , Zhang Xiaoli , Swanson Joel , Seveau Stephanie
Published: November 2017

Pathogen-induced host plasma membrane damage is a recently recognized mechanism used by pathogens to promote their entry into host cells. We identified key transducers activated upon host cell perforation by the pore-forming toxin LLO to promote Listeria entry. This pathway is distinct from the pathway that reseals the toxin-perforated cell.
Comedic News
Authors: Fox Julia , Steinberg Edo
Published: November 2017

With the new millennium came a new source of political information–comedic news. Though it existed prior to the 21st century–indeed, its roots can be traced to 17th-century English country fairs–the genre came into its own during the 2004 presidential election, when young voters in particular began to rely on comedic news as their primary source of political information. The rise in popularity and influence of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and its first spin-off, The Colbert Report, raised a number of concerns and consequently research questions for scholars to examine. How do comedic news shows compare to serious journalism? What questions and concerns do comedic news shows raise about serious journalism? Can comedic news shows serve as a gateway to greater attention to serious news? How is comedic news viewership related to attention to politics, political knowledge, and learning about politics? Does viewing comedic news influence attitudes toward politics and the media, particularly cynicism, and does partisanship moderate these effects? Is there a relationship between viewing and political participation? More broadly, what is the role of comedic news in the political system? This bibliography provides a comprehensive, though not exhaustive, collection of mostly empirical studies addressing these research questions that uphold standards of good social science. For example, experiments should include multiple messages to instantiate study conditions and random assignment to conditions. Thus this bibliography should be particularly useful for those interested in scientific evidence about the influence of these shows. Empirical studies in this emerging area come primarily from political science and communication and thus draw on a number of different theories, and not all studies in this area include explicit theoretical underpinnings. While there is no common theoretical thread running throughout the studies included here, perhaps as this literature matures we will see more, and more common, theoretical grounding to studies of comedic news. In the meantime, although The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and its first and second spin-offs, The Colbert Report and The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore, are no longer running, The Daily Show with its new host, Trevor Noah, is, as are new shows by two former Daily Show reporters, Last Week Tonight with John Oliver and Full Frontal with Samantha Bee, giving viewers plenty more comedic news to enjoy and scholars more material to explore as this emerging genre and related field of study evolve.