bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STTF: An Efficient Transformer Model for Traffic Congestion Prediction
Authors: Wang Xing , Zeng Ruihao , Zou Fumin , Liao Lyuchao , Huang Faliang
Published: January 2023

With the rapid development of economy, the sharp increase in the number of urban cars and the backwardness of urban road construction lead to serious traffic congestion of urban roads. Many scholars have tried their best to solve this problem by predicting traffic congestion. Some traditional models such as linear models and nonlinear models have been proved to have a good prediction effect. However, with the increasing complexity of urban traffic network, these models can no longer meet the higher demand of congestion prediction without considering more complex comprehensive factors, such as the spatio-temporal correlation information between roads. In this paper, we propose a traffic congestion index and devise a new traffic congestion prediction model spatio-temporal transformer (STTF) based on transformer, a deep learning model. The model comprehensively considers the traffic speed of road segments, road network structure, the spatio-temporal correlation between road sections and so on. We embed temporal and spatial information into the model through the embedding layer for learning, and use the spatio-temporal attention module to mine the hidden spatio-temporal information within the data to improve the accuracy of traffic congestion prediction. Experimental results based on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.
Branch points for (almost-)minimizers of two-phase free boundary problems
Authors: David Guy , Engelstein Max , Smit Vega Garcia Mariana , Toro Tatiana
Published: January 2023

We study the existence and structure of branch points in two-phase free boundary problems. More precisely, we construct a family of minimizers to an Alt–Caffarelli–Friedman-type functional whose free boundaries contain branch points in the strict interior of the domain. We also give an example showing that branch points in the free boundary of almost-minimizers of the same functional can have very little structure. This last example stands in contrast with recent results of De Philippis, Spolaor and Velichkov on the structure of branch points in the free boundary of stationary solutions.
Angle amplifier in a 2D beam scanning system based on peristrophic multiplexed volume Bragg gratings
Authors: Dong Yuanzhi , Jin Yunxia , Kong Fanyu , Zhao Jingyin , Mo Jianwei , He Dongbing , Sun Jing , Shao Jianda
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a 2D angle amplifier based on peristrophic multiplexed volume Bragg gratings is designed and prepared, in which a calculation method is firstly proposed to optimize the number of channels to a minimum. The induction of peristrophic multiplexing reduces the performance difference in one bulk of the grating, whereas there is no need to deliberately optimize the fabrication process. It is revealed that a discrete 2D angle deflection range of ±30° is obtained and the relative diffraction efficiency of all the grating channels reaches more than 55% with a root-mean-square deviation of less than 3.4% in the same grating. The deviation of the Bragg incidence and exit angles from the expected values is less than 0.07°. It is believed that the proposed 2D angle amplifier has the potential to realize high-performance and large-angle beam steering in high-power laser beam scanning systems.
Towards critical and supercritical electromagnetic fields
Authors: Marklund M. , Blackburn T. G. , Gonoskov A. , Magnusson J. , Bulanov S. S. , Ilderton A.
Published: January 2023

The availability of ever stronger, laser-generated electromagnetic fields underpins continuing progress in the study and application of nonlinear phenomena in basic physical systems, ranging from molecules and atoms to relativistic plasmas and quantum electrodynamics. This raises the question: how far will we be able to go with future lasers? One exciting prospect is the attainment of field strengths approaching the Schwinger critical field

${E}_{\mathrm{cr}}$

in the laboratory frame, such that the field invariant

${E}^2-{c}^2{B}^2>{E}_{\mathrm{cr}}^2$

is reached. The feasibility of doing so has been questioned, on the basis that cascade generation of dense electron–positron plasma would inevitably lead to absorption or screening of the incident light. Here we discuss the potential for future lasers to overcome such obstacles, by combining the concept of multiple colliding laser pulses with that of frequency upshifting via a tailored laser–plasma interaction. This compresses the electromagnetic field energy into a region of nanometre size and attosecond duration, which increases the field magnitude at fixed power but also suppresses pair cascades. Our results indicate that laser facilities with peak power of tens of PW could be capable of reaching

${E}_{\mathrm{cr}}$

. Such a scenario opens up prospects for the experimental investigation of phenomena previously considered to occur only in the most extreme environments in the universe.
‘Made in Hong Kong’: Deriving value from the place-of-origin label, 1950s and now
Authors: Wong John D.
Published: January 2023

Focusing on soy sauce exports from Hong Kong to the United States, this article traces the origin of the ‘Made in Hong Kong’ label to the US-led embargo on Chinese goods during the Korean War and explores the repercussions the recent Sino-US conflict generated on the label. By examining the history of an enterprise embroiled in two episodes of global trade disruptions, this article reveals how politically motivated US trade policies steered businesses in Hong Kong to pursue commercial opportunities by leveraging geopolitics, both global and local. Strategically capitalizing on Hong Kong’s position during the Cold War that allowed local exports to the United States, Hong Kong entrepreneurs created an international product chain. When the latest Sino-US trade war erupted, Trump’s elimination of the distinction between China-made and Hong Kong-made exports coincided with a wave of local consumerism in Hong Kong and unintentionally imbued meaning into homegrown products. From a commercially expedient marker aimed at satisfying the US government’s anti-China trade requirements, the ‘Made in Hong Kong’ label has recently been repurposed as a badge of local pride and perseverance as Hong Kong/mainland tension escalated. Necessitated by global trade policies and infused with connotations of shifting geopolitics, the malleable ‘Made in Hong Kong’ label signified not only reactions to US policies but also fluid Hong Kong/China relations. In successive rounds of US-initiated trade disruptions, the place-of-origin label reflected Hong Kong’s changing place in global geopolitics and the city’s position vis-à-vis the PRC.
Recreational cannabis legalization has had limited effects on a wide range of adult psychiatric and psychosocial outcomes
Authors: Zellers Stephanie M. , Ross J. Megan , Saunders Gretchen R. B. , Ellingson Jarrod M. , Walvig Tasha , Anderson Jacob E. , Corley Robin P. , Iacono William , Hewitt John K. , Hopfer Christian J. , McGue Matt K. , Vrieze Scott
Published: January 2023

Background

The causal impacts of recreational cannabis legalization are not well understood due to the number of potential confounds. We sought to quantify possible causal effects of recreational cannabis legalization on substance use, substance use disorder, and psychosocial functioning, and whether vulnerable individuals are more susceptible to the effects of cannabis legalization than others.

Methods

We used a longitudinal, co-twin control design in 4043 twins (N = 240 pairs discordant on residence), first assessed in adolescence and now age 24–49, currently residing in states with different cannabis policies (40% resided in a recreationally legal state). We tested the effect of legalization on outcomes of interest and whether legalization interacts with established vulnerability factors (age, sex, or externalizing psychopathology).

Results

In the co-twin control design accounting for earlier cannabis frequency and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms respectively, the twin living in a recreational state used cannabis on average more often (βw = 0.11, p = 1.3 × 10−3), and had fewer AUD symptoms (βw = −0.11, p = 6.7 × 10−3) than their co-twin living in an non-recreational state. Cannabis legalization was associated with no other adverse outcome in the co-twin design, including cannabis use disorder. No risk factor significantly interacted with legalization status to predict any outcome.

Conclusions

Recreational legalization was associated with increased cannabis use and decreased AUD symptoms but was not associated with other maladaptations. These effects were maintained within twin pairs discordant for residence. Moreover, vulnerabilities to cannabis use were not exacerbated by the legal cannabis environment. Future research may investigate causal links between cannabis consumption and outcomes.
The Probate Regime: Enchanted Bureaucracy, Islamic Law, and the Capital of Orphans in Nineteenth-Century Egypt
Authors: Mestyan Adam , Nori Rezk
Published: January 2023

In this article, we explore the “probate regime,” an administrative field of government activity of legally transferring, taxing, and administering bequests. As an example, we study the changes of the Egyptian probate regime in a longue durée perspective, with a focus on the nineteenth century when Egypt was a sub-Ottoman “khedivate.” We argue that the rationalization and expansion of the previously Ottoman administration of bequests, unlike Western bureaucracies, retained religious norms in the 1850s-1860s. In the context of Egyptian legal transformation, the change in the probate regime represents a case when Islamic norms became contested between administrative bodies of the government and the Muslim judge (qadi). Drawing on novel archival research in Egypt and elsewhere, we first consider the institutions of the Ottoman probate regime (probate judge, fees, and a probate bureau). Next, we zoom in on the way the khedivial probate bureau became a large, de-Ottomanized, Muslim administration of death by the 1870s in a partnership between khedives and local jurists. The khedives also considered the orphans’ wealth under the care of the bureau a source of government capitalism. Despite the abolishment of the probate bureau in 1896, the khedivial transformation ensured that Muslim principles remained normative during the British occupation which ushered in a new division of law into “religious” and “civil” legal domains.
The Empty Gift: Citizenship, Imperialism, and Political Development in Puerto Rico
Authors: Henning Maye Lan
Published: January 2023

After nearly two decades under U.S. rule, the 1917 Jones Act granted American citizenship to Puerto Ricans. I argue that the United States strategically granted collective citizenship in order to strengthen its colonial rule. The convergence of two conditions prompted the grant of citizenship: Congress determined that the islands were strategically valuable to the United States; and Congress registered an independence movement on the island that could threaten colonial control. When Puerto Ricans demanded independence, Congress enveloped them in a bear hug that granted citizenship to weaken their movement. While citizenship was an attractive solution to many of the problems of colonial rule, there were strong objections within the United States to granting citizenship to a population considered to be nonwhite. As a result, Congress created a workaround by disentangling citizenship from statehood and from many of the rights and privileges that typically accompany it. Though citizenship is often associated with democracy and equality, American officials turned citizenship into a mechanism of control for the empire they were building. This work uncovers strategies of American territorial expansion and colonial governance and confronts deeply held notions about American citizenship and political community.
All Mouth and No Trousers? Observations Arising from the Decision on Jurisdiction in Re Evans
Authors: Patterson Neil
Published: January 2023

At the time of writing, work continues on a replacement for the Clergy Discipline Measure 2003 (CDM 2003). This comment explores some issues which have arisen in a recent disciplinary case – Re Evans – where, for the first time, the boundaries of the CDM jurisdiction have been considered by the tribunal. I will first identify the salient facts of the Evans case, before moving on to explore the specific issue of jurisdiction. I conclude with some observations about why this case is significant, especially for those working on the replacement to the CDM 2003.
The Case of the Rustat Memorial – Does Duffield Pose all the Right Questions?
Authors: Taylor Araba
Published: January 2023

Two recent decisions of the Consistory Court have dealt with faculties for the removal of what is now called ‘contested heritage’. In Re Rustat Memorial, Jesus College, Cambridge, the faculty sought by Jesus College, Cambridge was refused. In Re St Peter, Dorchester it was granted on terms. As was observed by Ruth Arlow, Chancellor of the Diocese of Salisbury, in the latter case, each such application has to be taken on its own merits:

As with all faculty petitions, contested heritage applications will arise in almost infinitely variable circumstances. There can be no question of a uniform approach to such cases. Each must be decided upon consideration of the unique set of facts applicable to it.
General Synod of the Church of Ireland
Authors: Turner Cate
Published: January 2023

The Church of Ireland Synod took place in person from Wednesday 4th to Friday 6th May 2022 in the Spires Conference Centre, Belfast. It was the second meeting of the triennium, but having met by electronic communication technology the previous year it was for many their first experience of General Synod in person.
Abnormalities in pulmonary function and volumes in patients with CHD: a systematic review
Authors: Hock Julia , Willinger Laura , Pozza Robert Dalla , Ewert Peter , Hager Alfred
Published: January 2023

Background:

Lung function and cardiac function are naturally correlated by sharing the thoracic cage and handling the whole cardiac output sequentially. However, lung function studies are rare in patients with CHD, although results worthy of investigation could be expected. This review summarises existing studies with the lung function parameters (spirometry and body plethysmography) in CHD patients during the last decade.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed in the relevant database (PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus) in studies including paediatric and adult patients with CHD where lung parameters (spirometry, body plethysmography) were investigated from January 2010 to December 2020. Two independent reviewers evaluated the studies according to the Study Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Results:

Eight studies investigated patients with Fontan palliation including 704 patients (306 female). Four studies included patients after repaired tetralogy of Fallot examining 219 patients (103 female), with one study using double. Further six studies included 3208 (1324 female) children and adults with various CHDs. Overall, four studies were categorised as “good”, ten as “fair”, and four as “poor”. While the measurements were consistently standardised, references to calculate %predicted differed substantially across all studies. All evaluated studies showed reduced forced vital capacity in the majority of CHD patients.

Conclusions:

Many CHD patients have a reduced forced vital capacity independent of their underlying defect. Spirometry should not only follow a standardised measure according to ATS (update 2019) but also stick to the 2012 GLI reference values
Stereotypes of older workers and perceived ageism in job ads: evidence from an experiment
Authors: Burn Ian , Firoozi Daniel , Ladd Daniel , Neumark David
Published: January 2023

We explore whether ageist stereotypes in job ads are detectable using machine-learning methods measuring the linguistic similarity of job-ad language to ageist stereotypes identified by industrial psychologists. We then conduct an experiment to evaluate whether this language is perceived as biased against older workers searching for jobs. We find that job-ad language classified by the machine-learning algorithm as closely related to ageist stereotypes is perceived by experimental subjects as biased against older job seekers. These methods could potentially help enforce anti-discrimination laws by using job ads to predict or identify employers more likely to be engaging in age discrimination.
Long-term option pricing with a lower reflecting barrier
Authors: Thomas R. Guy
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the pricing of long-term options on assets such as housing, where either government intervention or the economic nature of the asset limits large falls in prices. The observed asset price is modelled by a geometric Brownian motion (“the notional price”) reflected at a lower barrier. The resulting observed price has standard dynamics but with localised intervention at the barrier, which allows arbitrage with interim losses; this is funded by the government’s unlimited powers of intervention, and its exploitation is subject to credit constraints. Despite the lack of an equivalent martingale measure for the observed price, options on this price can be expressed as compound options on the arbitrage-free notional price, to which standard risk-neutral arguments can be applied. Because option deltas tend to zero when the observed price approaches the barrier, hedging with the observed price gives the same results as hedging with the notional price and so exactly replicates option payoffs. Hedging schemes are not unique, with the cheapest scheme for any derivative being the one which best exploits the interventions at the barrier. The price of a put is clear: direct replication has a lower initial cost than synthetic replication, and the replication portfolio always has positive value. The price of a call is ambiguous: synthetic replication has a lower initial cost than direct replication, but the replication portfolio may give interim losses. So the preferred replication strategy (and hence price) of a call depends on what margin payments need to be made on these losses.
Secondary Gravity Waves From the Stratospheric Polar Vortex Over ALOMAR Observatory on 12–14 January 2016: Observations and Modeling
Authors: Vadas Sharon L. , Becker Erich , Bossert Katrina , Baumgarten Gerd , Hoffmann Lars , Harvey V. Lynn
Published: January 2023

We analyze the gravity waves (GWs) observed by a Rayleigh lidar at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) (16.08°E, 69.38°N) in Norway at z ∼ 20–85 km on 12–14 January 2016. These GWs propagate upward and downward away from zknee = 57 and 64 km at a horizontally‐displaced location with periods τr ∼ 5–10 hr and vertical wavelengths λz ∼ 9–20 km. Because the hodographs are distorted, we introduce an alternative method to determine the GW parameters. We find that these GWs are medium to large‐scale, and propagate north/northwestward with intrinsic horizontal phase speeds of ∼35–65 m/s. Since the GW parameters are similar above and below zknee, these are secondary GWs created by local body forces (LBFs) south/southeast of ALOMAR. We use the nudged HIAMCM (HIgh Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model) to model these events. Remarkably, the model reproduces similar GW structures over ALOMAR, with zknee = 58 and 66 km. The event #1 GWs are created by a LBF at ∼35°E, ∼60°N, and z ∼ 58 km. This LBF is created by the breaking and dissipation of primary GWs generated and amplified by the imbalance of the polar night jet below the wind maximum; the primary GWs for this event are created at z ∼ 25–35 km at 49–53°N. We also find that the HIAMCM GWs agree well with those observed by the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) satellite, and that those AIRS GWs south and north of ∼50°N over Europe are mainly mountain waves and GWs from the polar vortex, respectively.
RAC1B function is essential for breast cancer stem cell maintenance and chemoresistance of breast tumor cells
Authors: Chen Fuhui , Gurler Sevim B. , Novo David , Selli Cigdem , Alferez Denis G. , Eroglu Secil , Pavlou Kyriaki , Zhang Jingwei , Sims Andrew H. , Humphreys Neil E. , Adamson Antony , Campbell Andrew , Sansom Owen J. , Tournier Cathy , Clarke Robert B. , Brennan Keith , Streuli Charles H. , Ucar Ahmet
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are presumed to be responsible for treatment resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis of breast tumors. However, development of BCSC-targeting therapies has been held back by their heterogeneity and the lack of BCSC-selective molecular targets. Here, we demonstrate that RAC1B, the only known alternatively spliced variant of the small GTPase RAC1, is expressed in a subset of BCSCs in vivo and its function is required for the maintenance of BCSCs and their chemoresistance to doxorubicin. In human breast cancer cell line MCF7, RAC1B is required for BCSC plasticity and chemoresistance to doxorubicin in vitro and for tumor-initiating abilities in vivo. Unlike Rac1, Rac1b function is dispensable for normal mammary gland development and mammary epithelial stem cell (MaSC) activity. In contrast, loss of Rac1b function in a mouse model of breast cancer hampers the BCSC activity and increases their chemosensitivity to doxorubicin treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that RAC1B is a clinically relevant molecular target for the development of BCSC-targeting therapies that may improve the effectiveness of doxorubicin-mediated chemotherapy.
Targeting tumor-stroma communication by blocking endothelin-1 receptors sensitizes high-grade serous ovarian cancer to PARP inhibition
Authors: Tocci Piera , Roman Celia , Sestito Rosanna , Di Castro Valeriana , Sacconi Andrea , Molineris Ivan , Paolini Francesca , Carosi Mariantonia , Tonon Giovanni , Blandino Giovanni , Bagnato Anna
Published: January 2023

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have changed the treatment paradigm of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC). However, the impact of this class of inhibitors in HG-SOC patients with a high rate of TP53 mutations is limited, highlighting the need to develop combinatorial therapeutic strategies to improve responses to PARPi. Here, we unveil how the endothelin-1/ET-1 receptor (ET-1/ET-1R) axis, which is overexpressed in human HG-SOC and associated with poor prognosis, instructs HG-SOC/tumor microenvironment (TME) communication via key pro-malignant factors and restricts the DNA damage response induced by the PARPi olaparib. Mechanistically, the ET-1 axis promotes the p53/YAP/hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcription hub connecting HG-SOC cells, endothelial cells and activated fibroblasts, hence fueling persistent DNA damage signal escape. The ET-1R antagonist macitentan, which dismantles the ET-1R-mediated p53/YAP/HIF-1α network, interferes with HG-SOC/stroma interactions that blunt PARPi efficacy. Pharmacological ET-1R inhibition by macitentan in orthotopic HG-SOC patient-derived xenografts synergizes with olaparib to suppress metastatic progression, enhancing PARPi survival benefit. These findings reveal ET-1R as a mechanistic determinant in the regulation of HG-SOC/TME crosstalk and DNA damage response, indicating the use of macitentan in combinatorial treatments with PARPi as a promising and emerging therapy.
RBP–RNA interactions in the control of autoimmunity and autoinflammation
Authors: Liu Juan , Cao Xuetao
Published: January 2023

Autoimmunity and autoinflammation arise from aberrant immunological and inflammatory responses toward self-components, contributing to various autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential for immune cell development and function, mainly via exerting post-transcriptional regulation of RNA metabolism and function. Functional dysregulation of RBPs and abnormities in RNA metabolism are closely associated with multiple autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Distinct RBPs play critical roles in aberrant autoreactive inflammatory responses via orchestrating a complex regulatory network consisting of DNAs, RNAs and proteins within immune cells. In-depth characterizations of RBP–RNA interactomes during autoimmunity and autoinflammation will lead to a better understanding of autoimmune pathogenesis and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functions of RBP–RNA interactions in controlling aberrant autoimmune inflammation and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Microcomb-based integrated photonic processing unit
Authors: Bai Bowen , Yang Qipeng , Shu Haowen , Chang Lin , Yang Fenghe , Shen Bitao , Tao Zihan , Wang Jing , Xu Shaofu , Xie Weiqiang , Zou Weiwen , Hu Weiwei , Bowers John E. , Wang Xingjun
Published: January 2023

The emergence of parallel convolution-operation technology has substantially powered the complexity and functionality of optical neural networks (ONN) by harnessing the dimension of optical wavelength. However, this advanced architecture faces remarkable challenges in high-level integration and on-chip operation. In this work, convolution based on time-wavelength plane stretching approach is implemented on a microcomb-driven chip-based photonic processing unit (PPU). To support the operation of this processing unit, we develop a dedicated control and operation protocol, leading to a record high weight precision of 9 bits. Moreover, the compact architecture and high data loading speed enable a preeminent photonic-core compute density of over 1 trillion of operations per second per square millimeter (TOPS mm−2). Two proof-of-concept experiments are demonstrated, including image edge detection and handwritten digit recognition, showing comparable processing capability compared to that of a digital computer. Due to the advanced performance and the great scalability, this parallel photonic processing unit can potentially revolutionize sophisticated artificial intelligence tasks including autonomous driving, video action recognition and image reconstruction.
Natural oxidase-mimicking copper-organic frameworks for targeted identification of ascorbate in sensitive sweat sensing
Authors: Wang Zhengyun , Huang Yuchen , Xu Kunqi , Zhong Yanyu , He Chaohui , Jiang Lipei , Sun Jiankang , Rao Zhuang , Zhu Jiannan , Huang Jing , Xiao Fei , Liu Hongfang , Xia Bao Yu
Published: January 2023

Sweat sensors play a significant role in personalized healthcare by dynamically monitoring biochemical markers to detect individual physiological status. The specific response to the target biomolecules usually depends on natural oxidase, but it is susceptible to external interference. In this work, we report tryptophan- and histidine-treated copper metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs). This amino-functionalized copper-organic framework shows highly selective activity for ascorbate oxidation and can serve as an efficient ascorbate oxidase-mimicking material in sensitive sweat sensors. Experiments and calculation results elucidate that the introduced tryptophan/histidine fundamentally regulates the adsorption behaviors of biomolecules, enabling ascorbate to be selectively captured from complex sweat and further efficiently electrooxidized. This work provides not only a paradigm for specifically sweat sensing but also a significant understanding of natural oxidase-inspired MOF nanoenzymes for sensing technologies and beyond.
Functional geometry of the cortex encodes dimensions of consciousness
Authors: Huang Zirui , Mashour George A. , Hudetz Anthony G.
Published: January 2023

Consciousness is a multidimensional phenomenon, but key dimensions such as awareness and wakefulness have been described conceptually rather than neurobiologically. We hypothesize that dimensions of consciousness are encoded in multiple neurofunctional dimensions of the brain. We analyze cortical gradients, which are continua of the brain’s overarching functional geometry, to characterize these neurofunctional dimensions. We demonstrate that disruptions of human consciousness – due to pharmacological, neuropathological, or psychiatric causes – are associated with a degradation of one or more of the major cortical gradients depending on the state. Network-specific reconfigurations within the multidimensional cortical gradient space are associated with behavioral unresponsiveness of various etiologies, and these spatial reconfigurations correlate with a temporal disruption of structured transitions of dynamic brain states. In this work, we therefore provide a unifying neurofunctional framework for multiple dimensions of human consciousness in both health and disease.
OASL phase condensation induces amyloid-like fibrillation of RIPK3 to promote virus-induced necroptosis
Authors: Lee Shin-Ae , Chang Lin-Chun , Jung WooRam , Bowman James W. , Kim Dokyun , Chen Weiqiang , Foo Suan-Sin , Choi Youn Jung , Choi Un Yung , Bowling Anna , Yoo Ji-Seung , Jung Jae U.
Published: January 2023

RIPK3–ZBP1–MLKL-mediated necroptosis is a proinflammatory cell death process that is crucial for antiviral host defence. RIPK3 self-oligomerization and autophosphorylation are prerequisites for executing necroptosis, yet the underlying mechanism of virus-induced RIPK3 activation remains elusive. Interferon-inducible 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase-like (OASL) protein is devoid of enzymatic function but displays potent antiviral activity. Here we describe a role of OASL as a virus-induced necroptosis promoter that scaffolds the RIPK3–ZBP1 non-canonical necrosome via liquid-like phase condensation. This liquid-like platform of OASL recruits RIPK3 and ZBP1 via protein–protein interactions to provide spatial segregation for RIPK3 nucleation. This process facilitates the amyloid-like fibril formation and activation of RIPK3 and thereby MLKL phosphorylation for necroptosis. Mice deficient in Oasl1 exhibit severely impaired necroptosis and attenuated inflammation after viral infection, resulting in uncontrolled viral dissemination and lethality. Our study demonstrates an interferon-induced innate response whereby OASL scaffolds RIPK3–ZBP1 assembly via its phase-separated liquid droplets to facilitate necroptosis-mediated antiviral immunity.
Solid-phase capture and profiling of open chromatin by spatial ATAC
Authors: Llorens-Bobadilla Enric , Zamboni Margherita , Marklund Maja , Bhalla Nayanika , Chen Xinsong , Hartman Johan , Frisén Jonas , Ståhl Patrik L.
Published: January 2023

Current methods for epigenomic profiling are limited in their ability to obtain genome-wide information with spatial resolution. We introduce spatial ATAC, a method that integrates transposase-accessible chromatin profiling in tissue sections with barcoded solid-phase capture to perform spatially resolved epigenomics. We show that spatial ATAC enables the discovery of the regulatory programs underlying spatial gene expression during mouse organogenesis, lineage differentiation and in human pathology.
Human TH17 cells engage gasdermin E pores to release IL-1α on NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Chao Ying-Yin , Puhach Alisa , Frieser David , Arunkumar Mahima , Lehner Laurens , Seeholzer Thomas , Garcia-Lopez Albert , van der Wal Marlot , Fibi-Smetana Silvia , Dietschmann Axel , Sommermann Thomas , Ćiković Tamara , Taher Leila , Gresnigt Mark S. , Vastert Sebastiaan J. , van Wijk Femke , Panagiotou Gianni , Krappmann Daniel , Groß Olaf , Zielinski Christina E.
Published: January 2023

It has been shown that innate immune responses can adopt adaptive properties such as memory. Whether T cells utilize innate immune signaling pathways to diversify their repertoire of effector functions is unknown. Gasdermin E (GSDME) is a membrane pore-forming molecule that has been shown to execute pyroptotic cell death and thus to serve as a potential cancer checkpoint. In the present study, we show that human T cells express GSDME and, surprisingly, that this expression is associated with durable viability and repurposed for the release of the alarmin interleukin (IL)-1α. This property was restricted to a subset of human helper type 17 T cells with specificity for Candida albicans and regulated by a T cell-intrinsic NLRP3 inflammasome, and its engagement of a proteolytic cascade of successive caspase-8, caspase-3 and GSDME cleavage after T cell receptor stimulation and calcium-licensed calpain maturation of the pro-IL-1α form. Our results indicate that GSDME pore formation in T cells is a mechanism of unconventional cytokine release. This finding diversifies our understanding of the functional repertoire and mechanistic equipment of T cells and has implications for antifungal immunity.
A benchmark dataset for binary segmentation and quantification of dust emissions from unsealed roads
Authors: De Silva Asanka , Ranasinghe Rajitha , Sounthararajah Arooran , Haghighi Hamed , Kodikara Jayantha
Published: January 2023

The generation of reference data for machine learning models is challenging for dust emissions due to perpetually dynamic environmental conditions. We generated a new vision dataset with the goal of advancing semantic segmentation to identify and quantify vehicle-induced dust clouds from images. We conducted field experiments on 10 unsealed road segments with different types of road surface materials in varying climatic conditions to capture vehicle-induced road dust. A direct single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera was used to capture the dust clouds generated due to a utility vehicle travelling at different speeds. A research-grade dust monitor was used to measure the dust emissions due to traffic. A total of ~210,000 images were photographed and refined to obtain ~7,000 images. These images were manually annotated to generate masks for dust segmentation. The baseline performance of a truncated sample of ~900 images from the dataset is evaluated for U-Net architecture.
Genome-wide identification, characterization and gene expression of BES1 transcription factor family in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Li Jiajia , Wang Lei , Leng Feng , Ma Chao , Zhang Caixi , Wang Shiping
Published: January 2023

BES1, as the most important transcription factor responsible for brassinolide (BR) signaling, has been confirmed to play a significant role in regulating plant growth and the improvement of stress resistance. The transcriptional regulatory mechanism of BES1 has been well elucidated in several plants, such asArabidopsis thaliana(A. thaliana),Triticum aestivumL. (T. aestivum), andOryza sativaL. (O. sativa). Nevertheless, the genome-wide analysis of the BES1 family inVitis viniferaL. (V. vinifera). has not been comprehensively carried out. Thus, we have conducted a detailed analysis and identification of the BES1 transcription factors family inV. vinifera; a total of eight VvBES1 genes was predicted, and the phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, andCis-acting element in their promoters were also analyzed. BES1 genes have been divided into three groups (I, II and III) based on phylogenetic relationship analysis, and most of VvBES1 genes were in group III. Also, we found that VvBES1 genes was located at seven of the total nineteen chromosomes, whereas VvBES1-2 (Vitvi04g01234) and VvBES1-5 (Vitvi18g00924) had a collinearity relationship, and their three copies are well preserved. In addition, the intron–exon model of VvBES1 genes were mostly conserved, and there existed severalCis-acting elements related to stress resistance responsive and phytohormones responsive in BES1s genes promoter. Moreover, the BES1 expressions were different in differentV. viniferaorgans, and BES1 expressions were different in differentV. viniferavarieties under saline-alkali stress and heat stress, the expression of VvBES1 also changed with the prolongation of saline-alkali stress treatment time. The above findings could not only lay a primary foundation for the further validation of VvBES1 function, but could also provide a reference for molecular breeding inV. vinifera.
Characterisation and sequencing of the novel phage Abp95, which is effective against multi-genotypes of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Huang Li , Huang Siyi , Jiang Lingli , Tan Jingjie , Yan Xueping , Gou Chunmei , Chen Xinchong , Xiang Lijuan , Wang Dali , Huang Guangtao , Zhang Yixin , Deng Chengliang
Published: January 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii has become one of the most challenging conditional pathogens in health facilities. It causes various infectious diseases in humans, such as wound or urinary tract infections and pneumonia. Phage therapy has been used as an alternative strategy for antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii infections and has been approved by several governments. Previously, we have reported two potential phage therapy candidates, Abp1 and Abp9, both of which are narrow-host-range phages. In the present study, we screened and isolated 22 A. baumannii bacteriophages from hospital sewage water and determined that Abp95 has a wide host range (29%; 58/200). The biological and genomic characteristics and anti-infection potential of Abp95 were also investigated. Abp95 belongs to the Myoviridae family, with a G+C content of 37.85% and a genome size of 43,176 bp. Its genome encodes 77 putative genes, none of which are virulence, lysogeny, or antibiotic resistance genes. Abp95 was found to accelerate wound healing in a diabetic mouse wound infection model by clearing local infections of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. In conclusion, the lytic phage Abp95, which has a wide host range, demonstrates potential as a candidate for phage therapy against multiple sequence types of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii.
The relationship between action, social and multisensory spaces
Authors: Geers Laurie , Coello Yann
Published: January 2023

Several spaces around the body have been described, contributing to interactions with objects (peripersonal) or people (interpersonal and personal). The sensorimotor and multisensory properties of action peripersonal space are assumed to be involved in the regulation of social personal and interpersonal spaces, but experimental evidence is tenuous. Hence, the present study investigated the relationship between multisensory integration and action and social spaces. Participants indicated when an approaching social or non-social stimulus was reachable by hand (reachable space), at a comfortable distance to interact with (interpersonal space), or at a distance beginning to cause discomfort (personal space). They also responded to a tactile stimulation delivered on the trunk during the approach of the visual stimulus (multisensory integration space). Results showed that participants were most comfortable with stimuli outside reachable space, and felt uncomfortable with stimuli well inside it. Furthermore, reachable, personal and interpersonal spaces were all positively correlated. Multisensory integration space extended beyond all other spaces and correlated only with personal space when facing a social stimulus. Considered together, these data confirm that action peripersonal space contributes to the regulation of social spaces and that multisensory integration is not specifically constrained by the spaces underlying motor action and social interactions.
Structure modulation of two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides: recent advances in methodology, mechanism and applications
Authors: Xiao Yao , Xiong Chengyi , Chen Miao-Miao , Wang Shengfu , Fu Lei , Zhang Xiuhua
Published: January 2023

This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the structure modulation of 2D transition metal chalcogenides, covering structure characteristics, methodology, mechanisms, applications, corresponding challenges and prospects.
A novel screening method for free non-standard amino acids in human plasma samples using AccQ·Tag reagents and LC-MS/MS
Authors: Ng Daniel H. J. , Chan Li Yan , Fitzner Laura , Keppler Julia Katharina , Ismail Shareef M. , Hird Simon , Hancock Peter , Karin Schwarz , Tobias Demetrowitsch
Published: January 2023

A novel screening method was developed for free non-standard amino acids in complex biological matrices using an AccQ·Tag™ derivatization kit, which reduces the need for analytical standards during method development.
Dance with spins: site-directed spin labeling coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy directly inside cells
Authors: Pierro Annalisa , Drescher Malte
Published: January 2023

In-cell experiments require high sensitivity and resolution in complex environment. This review points out why and how SDSL–EPR spectroscopy is getting a prominent role for the study of biomolecules in living cells.
Chemical coupling of halide perovskite nanocrystals with a metal quinolate complex for white light generation
Authors: Manna Mihir , Debnath Tushar , Bhandari Satyapriya
Published: January 2023

The coupling chemistry between chloride perovskite nanocrystals and calcium quinolate complexes for the construction of a white light emitting nanocomposite, with properties close to those of bright midday sunlight, is described here.
Fabrication of novel porous ZIF-67/PES composite microspheres and the efficient adsorption of triphenylmethane dyes from water
Authors: Yeerken Aheyelikai , Lin Jiangli , Wang Xiaotian , Luo Yulu , Ma Hongying
Published: January 2023

The porous ZIF-67/PES composite microspheres have good MG, FA and CV adsorption performance, which is mainly attributed to π–π superposition between MG, FA and CV and the porous ZIF-67/PES composite microspheres.
Thermal transport across the CoSb3–graphene interface
Authors: Yin Kaili , Shi Liping , Zhong Yesheng , Ma Xiaoliang , Li Mingwei , He Xiaodong
Published: January 2023

Forming heterogeneous interfaces by adding graphene shows great potential for significantly suppressing thermal transport of CoSb3-based composites.
Water flow in graphene nanochannels driven by imposed thermal gradients: the role of flexural phonons
Authors: Oyarzua Elton , Walther Jens H. , Zambrano Harvey A.
Published: January 2023

We introduce a graphene based-thermal pump capable of sustaining a continuous water flow in nanochannels. A temperature gradient imposed to the graphene walls of the pump induces a directed thermal rippling that produce a controlled water transport.
CO2electroreduction performance of PtS2supported single transition metal atoms: a theoretical study
Authors: Sun Yu-wang , Liu Jing-yao
Published: January 2023

The potential of PtS2with single S-vacancy supported single-atom catalysts as electrocatalysts for CO2reduction was explored. DFT calculations show that five TM-PtS2(TM = Sc, V, Fe, Co and Cu) show high catalytic performance.
Interaction energy and isosteric heat of adsorption between hydrogen and magnesium diboride
Authors: Pham Thi Kieu Ngan , Li Sichi , Brown Joseph J.
Published: January 2023

A first-principles analytical model of gas physisorption on a layered material is developed through specific evaluation of molecular H2 adsorption on crystalline MgB2, with benchmarking from density functional theory computations.
Design of an interface heating device based on polydivinylbenzene/SiO2/Bi2WO6and its visible light response performance for water purification
Authors: Miao Xiao , Zhao Ling , Ren Guina , Pang Yunlong , Xin Hui , Ge Bo , Liu Cancan
Published: January 2023

Polydivinylbenzene/SiO2/Bi2WO6coatings with low surface energy are the guarantee of devices floating, while the loaded Bi2WO6can absorb the light energy to degrade the pollutants dissolved in the water.
A semiconductor Sc2S3 monolayer with ultrahigh carrier mobility for UV blocking filter application
Authors: Wang Zheng , Qin Haifei , Chen Jiao , Cai Xinyong , Kong Panlong , Liu Zhen , Sun Bai , Wang Hongyan , Ni Yuxiang , Chen Yuanzheng
Published: January 2023

We propose a novel semiconductor Sc2S3 monolayer with ultrahigh carrier mobility for UV blocking filter application.
Study on the decisive factor for metal–insulator transitions in a LaVO3 Mott–Hubbard insulator
Authors: Nasir Mohammad , Kim Inseo , Lee Kimoon , Kim Sang-il , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Park Hee Jung
Published: January 2023

The transport behavior in a in LaVO3 Mott–Hubbard system is controlled by the degree of hybridization of the V 3d and O 2p states in the pure and doped systems, strongly associated with structural distortion.
Searching for the true origin of the red fluorescence of leaf-derived carbon dots
Authors: Qin Fu , Bai Jianliang , Zhu Yaqing , He Pinyi , Wang Xinyu , Wu Shuang , Yu Xu , Ren Lili
Published: January 2023

The origin of the red fluorescence for leaf-derived CDs was firstly found to be from the molecular fluorophore chlorophyll, not the core state or surface functional groups of the CDs.
Factors contributing to halogen bond strength and stretch or contraction of internal covalent bond
Authors: Michalczyk Mariusz , Kizior Beata , Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Scheiner Steve
Published: January 2023

An explanation of the reasons for the change in the length of the T–X covalent bond (T = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; X = Cl, Br, I) in complexes with a halogen bond has been proposed.
Correction: Molecular cluster analysis using local order parameters selected by machine learning
Authors: Takahashi Kazuaki Z.
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Molecular cluster analysis using local order parameters selected by machine learning’ by Kazuaki Z. Takahashi et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp03696g.
Biomimetic mineralization based on self-assembling peptides
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Yuefei , Zhang Gong , Su Rongxin , Qi Wei
Published: January 2023

This review summarizes the synthesis of peptide–inorganic nanomaterials with different dimensions based on biomimetic mineralization and their applications in sensing, biomedicine, chiral optics, and catalysis.
Recent advances in gold electrode fabrication for low-resource setting biosensing
Authors: Zamani Marjon , Klapperich Catherine M. , Furst Ariel L.
Published: January 2023

Conventional gold electrode fabrication is too costly and laborious for implementation in low-resource settings (LRS). We review affordable, simple alternative fabrication methods, highlighting gold leaf electrodes, for LRS applications.
Enhanced motility and interaction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with epithelial cells in confined microwells
Authors: Hong Xiao , Xu Yuanhao , Pang Stella W.
Published: January 2023

Motility and spreading of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells were enhanced when co-cultured with nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in microwells with different sizes and topographies, which would provide insight for the study of NPC progression.
A novel application of hectorite nanoclay for preparation of colorectal cancer spheroids with malignant potential
Authors: Hirade Yoshihiro , Kubota Munehiro , Kitae Kaori , Yamamoto Harumi , Omori Hiroko , Shinoki Susumu , Ohmura Takao , Tsujikawa Kazutake
Published: January 2023

A novel culture system where cancer cells are grown in the presence of nanoclay in adherent plates allows preparation of malignant and dispersed spheroids compared with those formed under ultralow-adherent conditions.
Glass-embedded PDMS microfluidic device for enhanced concentration of nanoparticles using an ultrasonic nanosieve
Authors: Ang Bryan , Sookram Ankush , Devendran Citsabehsan , He Vincent , Tuck Kellie , Cadarso Victor , Neild Adrian
Published: January 2023

Glass-embedded into the PDMS microchannel of the sound activated nanosieve enabled high-efficiency capture of 500 nm nanoparticles at dramatically higher flow rates due to high acoustic reflectivity and energy retention within the fluid.
A critical review of microfluidic systems for CRISPR assays
Authors: Avaro Alexandre S. , Santiago Juan G.
Published: January 2023

We review recent advances in CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection using microfluidic devices and discuss the capabilities, limitations, and potential of this emerging technology.