bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Challenges of the COVID-19 Vaccines: Frequency of Serious Adverse Events After Immunization in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Delam Hamed , Ghadri Atefeh , Keshtkaran Zahra , Rezaei Behzad , Akbarpoor Sahar
Published: January 2024

Background and aims: Today, the role of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) vaccines in preventing the disease and reducing the severity of the disease is undeniable; however, there is a possibility of serious adverse events following immunization (sAEFI) that might be life-threatening. The present study was designed to identify the frequency of the most common sAEFI in hospitalized people after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine in the south of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. In total, since the start of the COVID-19 vaccination program in the city of Larestan, in the south of Iran, a total of 68 sick people have been hospitalized due to complications caused by the vaccine. The research tool of the present study was a standard checklist called the sAEFI of the COVID-19 vaccine. Results: A total of 68 hospital cases were reviewed. The mean age of the individuals with sAEFI was 59.78±12.70 years, and 21 (56.8%) of them were females. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most common 24 (64.9%) sAEFI. Based on the results, 2 (5.4%) had acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 2 (5.4%) had Guillain-Barré syndrome, and 2 (5.4%) had a stroke. Conclusion: It can be mentioned that there is always a possibility of sAEFI, but its frequency in the general population is extremely rare. However, the most common sAEFIs included adverse drug reactions, stroke, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The readiness of health care staff for early detection of possible sAEFI can be effective in reducing the severity of the sAEFI.
Unveiling the Impact of Homogenous Vaccines on Clinical Symptoms and Risk Factors Following the SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Aboofazeli Amir , Gharehkhani Amirhossein , Nobaveh Parsa , Soheili Roben , Vasheghani Farahani Ali , Gholamzad Amir , Mohajeri Kimia , Azhdari Mahsa , Naderisemiromi Mina
Published: January 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is significant due to its global impact on public health and life situations. It has led to widespread infections and strained healthcare systems, causing significant loss of life. The pandemic has underscored the urgent need for effective measures to control its spread and protect communities worldwide. Objectives: The main goal of this research was to evaluate the clinical symptoms, risk factors, and manifestations linked to COVID-19 among the vaccinated healthcare worker (HCW) population under study. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised HCWs with respiratory symptoms who received three doses of vaccination homogeneously. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was conducted on nasopharyngeal and nasal swab samples using a one-step RT-PCR. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also evaluated immunoglobulin G antibody levels. Results: Among the most commonly reported symptoms, general fatigue, fever, and cough were the most prevalent, divided by vaccine type. Furthermore, among the associated risk factors, concerns about transmission to other family members, anxiety, and depression were found to be prominent. Conclusion: The study findings highlight that the vaccine type is associated with clinical manifestations. Additionally, the result reveals the significant contribution of occupational roles to the experiences of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings emphasize the need for tailored support systems to address the diverse challenges faced by HCWs, such as concerns about transmission, anxiety, and occupational stress.
Evaluation of Antimalarial Activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Artemisia persica and Artemisia spicigera Against Plasmodium berghei in Albino Mice
Authors: Najm Mehdi , Heidari Aliehsan , Khosravi Dehaghi Nafiseh , Sezavar Monireh , Kabir Koruosh , Keshavarz Hossein , Hadighi Ramtin
Published: January 2024

Background: Malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, continues to be a major global health concern. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium highlights the urgent need for new antimalarial agents. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from Artemisia persica and Artemisia spicigera against Plasmodium berghei in albino mice. Materials and Methods: In this study, the hydroalcoholic extracts of the aerial parts of A. spicigera and A. persica were investigated for their effects on parasitemia in mice. Fifty mice were randomly divided into two categories with five groups, with each group receiving either the extract of A. spicigera, A. persica, or a control treatment. Results: Both extracts of A. persica and A. spicigera inhibited parasitemia on average by 75% and 83.5%, respectively. There was a significant increase in parasitemia at 150 mg/kg of A. persica compared with the negative control group on day 4 (P<0.05). Significant internment of parasitemia was illustrated at 75 mg/kg of A. spicigera in comparison to the negative control group on day 4 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings elucidated that hydroalcoholic extracts of A. persica and A. spicigera plants have the antiplasmodial action to suppress P. berghei infection in mice.
A Review of Human Toxoplasmosis with an Emphasis on the Status of This Parasitic Infection in Sudan
Authors: Abdelmola Ammar Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that is caused by a protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. This protozoan is a parasite of cats, which is spread among other animals and birds all over the world. Toxoplasmosis has diverse severity, and it depends on the number of entered parasites, the way of entry, and other factors. Toxoplasmosis has four forms: acute form, subacute form, chronic form, and recurrent form. Paraclinical tests are definitive diagnoses, which includes parasitology, radiology, biochemical and hematological, serological, and toxoplasmin skin tests. Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) and sulfonamides act synergistically against T. gondii tachyzoites. Up to now, no effective vaccine against Toxoplasma has been made, and the effort to make a vaccine to create antibody titer in the body and prevent the infection of women and cats is extremely important.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Demodicosis in Pet Dogs with Dermatological Lesions by Amitraz in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Gholinezhad Danial , Bahrampour Rozhin , Naghdi Bazneshin Alireza , Hamidi Nokhostin Arian
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Demodex is a tiny parasite (smaller than one millimeter) that can sometimes cause a skin disease called Demodicosis in dogs and cats. Demodicosis in dogs is created by three species of mites called Demodex canis, Demodex injai, and Demodex cornei. The most common mite-causing demodicosis in dogs is D. canis. This mite lives in hair roots and sometimes in sebaceous glands, where they feed on cells. Methods: This study was conducted on 200 pet dogs aged one month to 9 years referred to veterinary clinics in Tabriz, Iran, who had clinical symptoms of dermatological lesions from November 2021 to November 2023. Skin samples were taken through skin scrapings, and in the laboratory, first, these samples were clarified using potassium hydroxide 10% and lactophenol and then examined by a microscope. Finally, 10 dogs infected with Demodex mange were isolated and treated twice daily with Amitraz as a spray prepared from poison powder for one week. Results: In this study, out of 200 dogs tested during 2 consecutive years 2021–2023, 10 (5%) were infected with Demodex mange. The highest rate of prevalence of demodicosis in pet dogs in Tabriz was found in dogs under 2 years old 7 (70%), while the lowest rate of demodicosis was observed in dogs aged 2–4 years 1 (10%). The prevalence of demodicosis in pet dogs in Tabriz was higher in female dogs (n=7, 70%) than that in male dogs (n=3, 30%). The results of this study revealed that the drug Amitraz could kill Demodex 100% in dogs. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the drug Amitraz is able to destroy 100% Demodex in pet dogs. Thus, this is an effective drug against Demodex.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in East Azerbaijan-Iran and its determinants factors
Authors: Farshbaf Khalili Ali , Razzaghi Shahryar , Nikniaz Zeinab , Nikniaz Leila , Zeinalzadeh Ali Hossein
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with increasing prevalence attributed to extended life expectancy. This study aims to investigate MetS prevalence and its determinants in the East-Azerbaijan population. Methods: Conducted as a cross-sectional study within the East Azerbaijan region, this research is based on a major Lifestyle Promotion Project. The study encompasses 700 participants aged 15 to 65 years, representing the general population and selected using probability proportional to size multistage stratified cluster sampling. MetS diagnoses were conducted using the adult Panel III criteria. Data on socio-demographics, smoking status, and physical activity levels were collected through questionnaires. Results: Among participants, the mean age was 42.4±12.38 years, and the mean body mass index was 27.69±4.94 kg/m2. The MetS group exhibited higher mean age and body mass index compared to the non-MetS group (P<0.001). The prevalence of MetS in the population was 34.2%, with higher rates in females (37.1%) compared to males (30.5%), though this difference wasn’t statistically significant (P=0.11). Notably, a substantial distinction was observed between the two groups regarding education levels (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study reveals a significant association between increasing age and higher prevalence of MetS. Furthermore, lower educational levels were linked to an elevated prevalence of MetS. While other socio-demographic factors didn’t demonstrate statistically significant relationships, these findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions and education in mitigating MetS risks.
Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers following reperfusion in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Yazdi Amirhossein , Shirmohammadi Kimia , Parvaneh Erfan , Entezari-Maleki Taher , Hosseini Seyed Kianoosh , Ranjbar Akram , Mehrpooya Maryam
Published: January 2024

Introduction: It is well-established that oxidative stress is deeply involved in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Considering the potent antioxidant properties of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), we aimed to assess whether CoQ10 supplementation could exert beneficial effects on plasma levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPIC). Methods: Seventy patients with the first attack of STEMI, eligible for PPCI were randomly assigned to receive either standard treatments plus CoQ10 (400 mg before PPCI and 200 mg twice daily for three days after PPCI) or standard treatments plus placebo. Plasma levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at 6, 24, and 72 hours after completion of PPCI. Results: The changes in plasma levels of the studied biomarkers at 6 and 24 hours after PPCI were comparable in the both groups (P values>0.05). This is while at 72 hours, the CoQ10- treated group exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of SOD (P value<0.001), CAT (P value=0.001), and TAC (P value<0.001), along with a lower plasma level of MDA (P value=0.002) compared to the placebo-treated group. The plasma activity of GPX showed no significant difference between the groups at all the study time points (P values>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that CoQ10 has the potential to modulate the balance between antioxidant and oxidant biomarkers after reperfusion therapy. Our results suggest that CoQ10, through its antioxidant capacity, may help reduce the reperfusion injury in ischemic myocardium.
Evaluation of MMP-9, IL-6, TNF-α levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cells genes expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in Iranian patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Akbari Tooran , Kazemi Fard Toktam , Fadaei Reza , Rostami Rahim , Moradi Nariman , Movahedi Monireh , Fallah Soudabeh
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of death and is characterized by atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression and development of atherosclerosis. Methods: The present study consisted of 132 Iranian individuals who underwent coronary angiography, 65 patients with CAD, and 67 controls. The matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), TNF-α, IL-6, and vitamin D serum levels were measured by the ELISA technique. The gene expression of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) was estimated by real-time PCR assay. Results: A considerable increase in levels and PBMC gene expression of MMP-9 and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were found in CAD patients compared with controls. A significant decrease was detected in vitamin D levels of CAD patients in comparison with controls. A considerable direct correlation was found between MMP-9 levels and MMP-9 and TIMP1 gene expression in CAD patients. MMP-9 levels positively correlated with LDL-C in CAD patients. The correlation between TIMP1 gene expression and IL-6 levels was also negatively significant. There were positive correlations between MMP-9 levels with IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels in CAD patients. Conclusion: This study showed that the interaction between MMPs, TIMP1, and cytokines could play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present study suggested that high levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and vitamin D deficiency in our studied patients could disturb the MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance and lipid metabolism, leading to plaque formation/ rupture in predisposed CAD patients.
Prevalence and characteristics of coronary artery anomalies (CAAS) in 3016 symptomatic adult participants undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA): A single-center retrospective study in Iran
Authors: Andishmand Abbas , Montazerghaem Hossein , Pedarzadeh Ali , Varastehravan Hamid Reza , Mohammadi Hamidreza , Nafisi Moghadam Reza , Azimizadeh Marzieh , Ahrar Mohammad Hossein , Khezri Abdolrahim , Andishmand Mohsen
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including sudden cardiac death, especially in young people. A different prevalence has been reported based on the USED diagnostic modality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and type of these anomalies using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: This single-center retrospective study was performed on 3016 consecutive cases who underwent CCTA for cardiac symptoms from March 2015 to August 2020 and the prevalence and types of CAAs were evaluated. Results: 38 cases (overall prevalence of 1.26%) including 21 men (55.3%) and 17 women (44.7%) were retrospectively diagnosed with CAAs. The most common anomalies were the Anomalous origin of LCX from the right coronary sinus (11 cases, 28.9%), Anomalous origin of RCA from the left coronary sinus (11 cases, 28.9%), and Anomalous origin of LM from the right coronary sinus (6 cases, 15.8%). There was no difference in the prevalence of CAAs in terms of patient’s gender (P value=0.16) and age (P value=0.61). Conclusion: The prevalence of CAAs among patients who underwent CCTA was 1.26%. The most common anomalies observed were the anomalous origin of the LCX arising from the right coronary sinus, the anomalous origin of the RCA arising from the left coronary sinus, and the anomalous origin of the LM arising from the right coronary sinus. These findings emphasize the importance of CCTA in detecting and characterizing coronary artery anomalies, which may have clinical implications for patient management and treatment decisions.
Exploring Intercellular Dynamics: Ultra-Weak Biophoton Emission as a Novel Indicator of Altered Cell Functions and Disease in Oligospermia Mice
Authors: Aryan Arefeh , Aghajanpour Fakhroddin , Dashtdar Masoomeh , Hejazi Fatemeh , Salimi Maryam , Afshar Azar , Soltani Reza , Seyed Hasani Ahad Hasan , Aliaghaei Abbas , Abbaszadeh Hojjat-Allah , Mahmoodi Hasan , Zahedi Leila , Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin , Fadaei Fathabadi Fatemeh
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Biophoton emission, the spontaneous release of photons from living cells, has emerged as an attractive field of research in the study of biological systems. Scientists have recently discovered that changes in biophoton emission could serve as potential indicators of pathological conditions. This intriguing phenomenon suggests that cells might communicate and interact with each other through the exchange of these faint but significant light signals. Therefore, the present study introduces intercellular relationships with biophoton release to detect normal and abnormal cell functions to further achieve cellular interactions by focusing on cell and cell arrangement in disease conditions. Methods: Twenty male mice were assigned to control and busulfan groups. Five weeks after the injection of busulfan, the testis was removed, and then the stereological techniques and TUNEL assay were applied to estimate the histopathology of the testis tissue sections. Results: The findings revealed that the ultra-weak biophoton emission in the control group was significantly lower than in the busulfan group. The oligospermia mice model showed that it significantly changed the spatial arrangement of testicular cells and notably decreased the testis volume, length of seminiferous tubules, and the number of testicular cells. The results of the TUNEL assay showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased in the busulfan group. Conclusion: The ultra-weak biophoton emission from testis tissue was reduced in oligospermia mice. As a result, the decline of ultra-weak biophoton can indicate a change in cell arrangement, a decrease in intercellular interaction, and eventually disease.
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Managing Motor and Sensory Dysfunctions Following Temporomandibular Joint Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Palma Luiz Felipe , Porfírio Thales dos Santos , Serrano Rafael Verardi , Campos Luana , de Moraes Luís Otávio Carvalho
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Surgical procedures involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are frequently associated with nerve injuries and subsequent dysfunctions. Considering that traumatic peripheral nerve injuries may resolve slowly and their prognosis is generally unpredictable, the current study aimed to report a clinical case in which both motor (affecting the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve) and sensory dysfunctions (affecting the auriculotemporal nerve of the trigeminal nerve) following TMJ surgery were effectively treated by using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). Case Report: PBMT sessions, involving a total of 30 facial points, were administered twice a week for 10 weeks. The following parameters were utilized: wavelength of 808 nm, energy density of 75 J/cm², power output of 100 mW, total energy of 3 J, and duration of 30 seconds per point. A considerable improvement in both facial asymmetry and muscle function was achieved within 5 weeks, along with a total restoration of cutaneous sensitivity. By the 10th week of PBMT, the facial movement dysfunction was completely resolved. Conclusion: According to the current case, PMBT seems to be an effective intervention to manage motor and sensory nerve dysfunctions following TMJ surgery.
Topographical Analysis of Human Enamel after Phosphoric Acid Etching and Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation
Authors: Salman Saja Qasim , Hussein Basima Mohammed Ali
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Dental hard and soft tissues have been successfully removed by using the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, but there is a controversy about using lasers over conventional tooth surface preparation for bonding aesthetic restoration. Surface roughness and wettability in response to Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation are essential properties for restoration longevity. Methods: Fifty-one intact human premolars removed in orthodontic treatment were included in this study and divided into three groups (n=17). The first group (G1) was the control without surface treatment, (G2) was treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, and (G3) was treated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser using the following parameters: 2 W or 3 W at 20 Hz, 10% air and water ratio using the MZ6 laser tip. The standardization of laser irradiation was accomplished by a computerized numerical control unit. The surface of the samples was evaluated by using a light microscope, profilometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM, and wettability tests. Results: The SEM examination revealed that the lased enamel surface was clean, irregular, and devoid of a smear layer, while the acid etch surface was relatively smooth and covered with a smear layer. The surface roughness of the lased enamel surface was significantly higher than that of other groups, according to the results of the profilometer as well as the AFM tests. The wettability test showed that the lased enamel surface recorded a significant reduction in the contact angle in comparison to the other groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be used as an alternative and safe method to the acid-etching technique for surface treatment.
Lived Experiences of Physicians Working in Hospitals during the COVID-19 Crisis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hayat Ali Asghar , Kalateh Sadati Ahmad , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Ramezani Ghobad , Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan
Published: January 2024

Background: With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic in 2019, healthcare workers were at the forefront of dealing with the disease. Medical centers were faced with limited facilities and insufficient information. A number of medical staff became infected with the disease, and some lost their lives. This study was conducted to understand the perceived impact of the pandemic on physicians working in healthcare facilities of Shiraz and Yazd Universities of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present study was a qualitative one conducted in the teaching hospitals of Shiraz and Yazd in the southwest of Iran in 2020-2021. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants and the process continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 physicians working in hospital wards during the COVID-19 crisis. Data were analyzed using the seven-step analytical method proposed by Colaizzi. Results: Four themes and eleven subthemes emerged from data analysis. The main themes included managerial weakness, burnout, distorted doctor-patient relationship, and misinfodemic. Conclusion: The preparedness of the medical system and the infrastructure needed to deal with the coronavirus pandemic were not as expected. The COVID-19 crisis also highlighted the lack of information and support for physicians as a significant challenge.
Explaining the Process of Adaptation to the Disease in Patients with Epilepsy: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Asadizaker Marziyeh , Gheibizadeh Mahin , Azizi-Fini Ismail , Yadollahi Safoura
Published: January 2024

Background: The concept of adaptation has gained central importance in research on chronic diseases. However, this process is not clear in adult epileptic patients. This study aimed to explain the process of adaptation to disease in patients with epilepsy. Methods: This study was conducted using the grounded theory approach from December 2018 to January 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 18 patients with epilepsy. Participants were selected by purposeful or theoretical sampling method. Data collection was performed by the first author through conducting semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin’s (1998) method. Results: Four main categories with ten sub-themes were obtained from the data analysis. The main themes include "Perceived disorder," "Scrimmage with the disease," "Moving towards adaptation," and "Balancing life." The Core category achieved was "Trying to balance life." Conclusion: Based on the results, the process of adapting to epilepsy has four stages: "Perceived disorder," "Scrimmage with the disease," "Moving towards adaptation," and "Balancing life." The health providers’ awareness of these stages can provide a framework that can be used to help epilepsy patients achieve positive adaptation. Achievement of adaptation can help epileptic patients control the disease and improve their quality of life.
Educational Challenges of the "Counseling in Midwifery" Major in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ahmadi Atefeh , Alidoust Katayoun , Ghaznfarpour Masumeh , Heydari Omolbanin , Badrabadi Neda , Kohan Shahnaz
Published: January 2024

Background: The most important element of education is the curriculum, which should fit the goals and tasks intended for each discipline. Counseling in midwifery has been established as an academic discipline in Iran since 2014 and, like other new disciplines, needs to be revised after five years. This study aimed to explain the challenges of theoretical and clinical courses offered in this field. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative conventional content analysis of the data collected through interviews with professors, graduates, and master’s students of counseling in midwifery. The participants were 16 students of the master’s program in counseling in midwifery, 4 graduates of counseling in midwifery, and 7 professors in this field. In this study, the data were collected through focused group discussions and individual and face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis. Results: The challenges revealed through the interviews with the counseling in midwifery students, graduates, and professors were "the need to empower professors," "problems in providing an arena for clinical education," "intermingling of counseling with sociocultural constructs," "the need to update the curriculum," "the unclear role of counseling in midwifery services in the health system," and "standardization and expansion of the field." Conclusion: This study showed that there are weaknesses in counseling education in midwifery that need to be addressed and corrected. It seems that the current curriculum cannot meet the educational and clinical needs of the students. Thus, the curriculum needs to be updated. Besides, some awareness-raising strategies should be adopted to make students and the public familiar with counseling in midwifery.
Exploring Existential Questions: A Comprehensive Review of Psychological Literature (2000-2023) – Part
Authors: Lima Alencar Kenia Cristiana de , de Freitas Marta Helena
Published: January 2024

The systematic review and meta-analysis presented in this study aim to provide an overview of the literature on the meaning of life and existential vacuum within the contemporary field of psychology, investigating the approaches and methodologies employed in this area from 2000 to 2023. The review encompassed five databases, including CAPES portal, APA Psyc Articles, SCOPUS, SCIELO, and PEPSIC, utilizing combinations of descriptors such as "existential vacuum" and "meaning of life," along with related terms, in conjunction with "mental health" and "clinical psychology," both in English and their respective Portuguese counterparts.
The inclusion criteria involved selecting articles that centered on the themes of existential vacuum or meaning of life as the primary focus, published between 2000 and 2023, and written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese.A total of 671 articles were initially identified, with 264 meeting the inclusion criteria and subsequently subjected to meta- analysis
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA MANISAN BELIMBING DI UMKM KELURAHAN KARANGSARI KECAMATAN SUKOREJO KOTA BLITAR
Authors: Lestari Silvi , Wahyu Budiman Eko
Published: January 2024

This research aims to know the process of production of candied starfruit business in UMKM Karangsari Village, know the analysis of financial feasibility of candied star fruit in UKM Karangsari Village, know the sensitivity analysis of business candied starfruit in UMKM Karangsari Village. The research method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method, which is interpreted as research that presents data by analyzing the data obtained so as to get a clear picture. Quantitative descriptive method is a method that emphasizes the objective measurement aspects of social phenomena, quantitative research is processed and analyzed with statistics. The results showed that the production process was carried out in the candied star fruit business in Karangsari Sub-District when viewed from the nature of the production process, namely the type of synthetic production due to physical or chemical changes, namely the change in star fruit into candied star fruit. Based on the financial analysis that has been carried out, the Karangsari Agro-farming business is feasible to run. This can be seen from (1) The results of the NPV (Net Present Value) analysis yield a value greater than 0, namely 92,053,747.80 (2) The results of the analysis of Net Benefit Cost ratio (Net B/C) obtained results of 1.23 (3) The results of Internal Rate analysis of Return (IRR) is 95%, (4) Payback Period analysis results are 2.3 (5) Sensitivity analysis results for net benefits and operational maintenance show that this business is still safe if there are changes in the factors that influence it.
Parents’ Views on the Use of AI-Based Chatbots Such as ChatGPT in High School (STEM) Education
Authors: Feser Markus Sebastian
Published: January 2024

Aside from the results of some rather holistic opinion polls, hardly any research has assessed parents’ views on the use of AI-based chatbots in high school education, especially when it comes to STEM education. Therefore, the aim of the present editorial is to provide some initial insights into parents’ views on the use of AI-based chatbots, such as ChatGPT, in high school (STEM) education and to offer some suggestions for forthcoming research.
Evaluation of Laser in Situ Keratomileusis Outcomes in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Authors: Habsyiyah Habsyiyah , Shidik Amir , Rahayu Tri
Published: January 2024

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, predictability and safety of the first experience in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery using Wavelight Refractive Suite in Kirana Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalMethods: Design of this study was descriptive retrospective. Data of patients who underwent LASIK surgery from April 2012 to January 2013 were collected. The data consist of pre and post operative refractions, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Results: Fifty eight eyes of 31 patients, 13 males and 18 females, mean age of 28 year-old were analyzed. The mean spherical error corrected was -6,42 Â± 3,37 D with range of -1.25 D to -16,87D. Median UCVA post surgery 1 day, 1 week, and last follow up time were 6/7,5, 6/6, and 6/6 respectively. Postoperatively, 91,67% eyes achieved UCVA of 6/12 or better with 77,78% achieving 6/7,5 or better. One patient lost 1 Snellen line of BCVA became 6/6,6. The mean postoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent was -0,24 (Â±0,42) D. The general refractive predictability was 88,2% within Â±0.5D from the target refraction, while 94,1% within Â±1D ofthetarget.Conclusion: LASIK surgery performed in Kirana Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is safe and effective with good refractive predictability.
Corneal Haze after Wavefront Guided PRK at Dr Yap Eye Hospital Yogyakarta: Is There Any Difference Between Low And High Myopia?
Authors: Herani Dede Neni , Suhardjo Suhardjo
Published: January 2024

Background: Wavefront guided Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) has regained its popularity. However corneal haze after this procedure often follows. Five to 15% of PRK patients developed corneal haze. The purpose to investigate whether the presence of corneal haze after PRK in low, moderate, and high myopia patients are different and whether these differences influence visual outcomeMethod: This was a restrospective cohort study of 589 eyes underwent PRK at Yap Eye Hospital between 2011 and 2012. Visual acuity, refractive status, and corneal haze were examined at 6 times follow up after PRK. Corneal haze was defined as persistent hazy found at three times follow up including the fifth and sixth follow up.Result: There were 207 males and 77 females with mean age 23,2 years who has clear cornea and 21.5 whose hazy cornea. We found 11.5% of corneal haze in low myopia and 11.2% in high myopia. The proportion of corneal haze in different severity of myopia was not statistically significant (p=0.38). Regardless of the presence of corneal haze, the final visual outcome afterPRK wavefront guided was overall good to excellent (1.00). However the corneal haze condition was resolved ini six months after.Conclusion: The presence of corneal haze after wavefront guided PRK was similar across different severity of myopia. The presence of corneal hazedid not influence the final visual outcome, which was overall good to excellent.Â Keywords: wavefront guided PRK, myopia, corneal haze, visual outcome
Variations in Intraocular Pressure Following Photorefractive Keratectomy in Different Degree of Myopia at Dr Yap Eye Hospital
Authors: Nurhayati Mufida Dwi , Suhardjo Suhardjo
Published: January 2024

Backgorund: To investigate the variations in intraocular pressure following PRK in different degree of myopia.Methods: Restrospective cohort study of 315 patients (429 eyes) who underwent photorefractive keratectomy at Yap Eye Hospital between January 2011 and December 2012. Visual acuity, refractive status, and intraocular pressure were examined before, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after photorefractive keratectomy. IOP was measured directly using non-contact tonometry and calculated using Changâ€™s formula (Î”P = -0.12 x refractive change â€“ 1.36 mmHg). Variations in IOP were assessed comparing follow-up to baseline IOP.Results: There were 225 men and 90 women with mean age 22,9 years. Overall, compared to IOP prior surgery (mean 15.6mmHg), there were significant variations in measured IOP at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the procedures (variations were -30-.6% (mean 11.0mmHg), -25.0% (11.7mmHg), -26.3 (mean 11.5mmHg), -29.5% (mean 11.0mmHg) consecutively; p for variations<0.001). However, these variations were also presents in low, moderate, and high myopia (all p for variations <0.001). However, there were almost none variations using converted IOP (overall -9.14% (14.9mmHg); low myopia -8.91% (14.3mmHg); moderate myopia -5.81% (14.6mmHg); high myopia 0% (15.5mmHg); p<0.01).Conclusion: PRK caused relatively decreased variations in measured IOP, however, with converted IOP these variations are very small (relatively no difference in pre and postoperative IOP).
Global Information, Electronic Media and Digital Generation
Authors: Gondhowiardjo Tjahjono D.
Published: January 2024

[No Abstract Available]
Effectiveness of Panretinal Photocoagulation in Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Dijah Dijah , Iskandar Erwin , Musa Ine Renata
Published: January 2024

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is leading cause of blindness, is preventable, in whole of the world. Panretinal photocoagulation is a well-established treatment to induce regression of new blood vessels in diabetic retinopathy. This study to assess effectiveness of panretinal photocoagulation in treatment of diabetic retinopathy.Methods: We enrolled in retrospective study, using data from medical records of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy between 2009 and 2011, and were assessed for visual acuity and fundus stability minimal 6 weeks after panretinal photocoagulation complete.Results: Panretinal photocoagulation was perfomed in 435 eyes (295 patients), with proliferative diabetic retinopathy was recognized in 245 eyes, and severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 190 eyes. In cases of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy stabilization of visual acuity was observed in 137 (55,92%) of eyes and stabilization of the eye fundus in 119 (48,57%) of eyes. In patients with severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy stabilization of visual acuity was found in 141 (74,21%) of eyes and stabilization of state of the eye fundus in 147 (77,37%) of eyes.Conclusion: Panretinal photocoagulation as gold standart therapy effectiveness to treatment proliferative diabetic retinopathy and severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy to adhered visual acuity stability dan fundus stability.
Medium Duration Threshold Patterned Laser PhotoÂ­ coagulation for Panretinal Photocoagulation
Authors: Habsyiyah Habsyiyah , Elvioza Elvioza , Victor Andi Arus , Djatikusumo Ari , Andayani Gitalisa , Yudantha Anggun Rama
Published: January 2024

Background: Laser photocoagulation is a crucial therapy for numerous retinal diseases. Laser can be delivered with different machines and modalities (slit lamp, endolaser, indirect laser) at different wavelengths (532 to 812 nm) with varying parameters (power, spot size, duration, number of spots). New developments using semi automatic pattern delivery of retinal laser burns which use smaller amounts of energy and shorter duration have been reported. This literature review is conducted to review various published article that reported efficacy, safety, and duration of medium duration threshold patterned (MDTP) laser photocoagulation.Methods: This literature review was conducted from the Pubmed (NLM) database and Ophsource using the keyword panretinal photocoagulation, and Pascal or medium threshold or short exposure. The inculsion criteria of this review were all of studies which reported the use of medium duration threshold patterned which was applied as panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).Results: Parameter used in MDTP laser were as follow, spot size was between 200 to 400 Î¼m, duration was 20-30 ms, and average laser power was more than 200 to 630 mV. Compare to standard laser treatment, power used in MDTP laser were higher.Conclusion: Medium duration threshold patterned laser photo-coagulation is as effective as conventional laser. MDTP laser can preserve the retinal sensitivity/visual field, also offers less pain and discomfort and safe to perform full scatter PRP in single sittingÂ Keywords: medium duration threshold patterned laser; panretinal photocoagulation
Surgical Options in Managing Convergent Strabismus Fixus Related to High Myopia
Authors: Zarwan Jessica , Suardana Gusti G , Bani Anna P
Published: January 2024

Â Background: Convergent strabismus fixus is a condition in which one or both eyes are anchored in extreme adduction. This condition is caused by superotemporal herniation of the enlarged globe from the muscle cone through the space between the superior and lateral rectus muscle. It is commonly related to high myopia. Recently, transposition type procedure which unite the superior and lateral rectus muscles were proposed as the treatment of choice in this condition. However, there is no clear consensus regarding the best surgical procedure in convergent strabismus fixus. This case series reported three rare cases of convergent strabismus fixus related to high myopia and highlight the option of surgical procedure that can be done in these cases. Case Illustration: Three patients presented with convergent strabismus fixus of both eyes with history of bilateral high myopia since childhood. All patients showed Krimsky tests of >95Î”ET preoperatively, with medial displacement of superior rectus and inferior displacement of lateral rectus of both eyes in all patients on orbital imaging. The bilateral Yokoma procedure both resulted in an orthophoric postoperative result with marked improvement in abduction and elevation. The hemi-Jensen also showed a significant improvement of over than 60Î” on the operated eye, resorting it to a central position during primary gaze. Conclusion: Convergent strabismus fixus is a rare condition and frequently associated with high myopia. Both techniques of Yokoyama procedure or hemi-Jensen procedure combined with medial rectus recession showed similar good results with improvement in position and ocular motility of the eye Keywords: convergent strabismus fixus, high myopia, Yokoyoma procedure, hemi-Jensen procedure
Overview Results of Optic Neuritis After Steroid Therapy
Authors: Sembiring Ricky O , Setiohadji Bambang , Musa Ine Renata , Karfiati Feti
Published: January 2024

Background: Optic neuritis is an inflammatory condition of the optic nerve characterized by a sudden onset of unilateral visual loss, usually affecting young females. Recent studies have shown that treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone results in more rapid recovery of vision. The aim is to describe early visual outcome after methylprednisolone treatment according to Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) in optic neuritis. The outcome will be visual acuity and color vision. Method: This is a retrospective observational study. The data were collected from medical records of patients diagnosed as optic neuritis who had steroid treatment, from January 2009 to December 2012. Result: There were increased visual acuity in 92.4% eyes within 7-11 days after administration of parenteral methylprednison, as well as color vision in 83.0% eyes. Conclusion: Methylprednisolone treatment will improve visual acuity and color vision in early follow up. Keywords: Optic neuritis, visual acuity, color vision
Effect of Pterygium Size on Astgmatism and Corneal Topography Before and After Surgery
Authors: Sjarifudhin Mochammad , Suhendro Gatut
Published: January 2024

Background: Objective: To analyze the association between pterygium size with astigmatism and corneal topography changes before and after surgery. Methods: This study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital and Surabaya Eye Clinic on February-June 2013. In 31 eyes of 20 patients with primary pterygium, size of pterygium was measured in millimeters from the limbus (horizontal length) by caliper and the beam of slit lamp microscope. Twenty four eyes with pterygium type 2 and 3 were excised with bare sclera technique and intraoperative MMC application. Astigmat and corneal topography was investigated with the help of Orbscan preoperatively and 4-6 weeks postoperatively. Result: The size of pterygia had a significant correlation on the elevation of the preoperative corneal astigmatism and irregularities (p<0.001). The mean Sim K astigmatism (p=0.005) and irregularity index (<0.001) significantly decreased after pterygium surgery. The mean refractive power significantly increased after the operation (p<0.001). Conclusion: Pterygium leads to significant changes in corneal refractive status, which increase with the increase in the size of pterygia and improve following pterygium surgery. Keywords: Pterygium, astigmatism, corneal topography
Exploration of OSCE Results to Evaluate Medical Studentsâ€™ Progress on Learning Eye Examination in Clinical Skills Laboratory
Authors: Widyandana Widyandana , Agni Angela Nurini , Supartoto Agus , Suhardjo Suhardjo
Published: January 2024

Background: Medical student learn how to perform eye examinations since beginning in clinical skills laboratory. Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) was used to assess studentsâ€™ clinical skills performance every year and to indicate studentsâ€™ progress. To evaluate medical studentsâ€™ clinical skills progress, and to evaluate OSCE of eye examination skills. Methods: A cohort study, involving first and third year OSCE results in Clinical Skills Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University from medical students batch 2010 (n:185). The scores of OSCE Year 1 compared to Year 3 using Mann whitney test to explore the progress of students clinical skills performance. To correlate between OSCE scores with clinical cases used in OSCE (such as: visual aquity, visual field, segment anterior and posterior examination) using Pearsoncorrelation to evaluate the assessment process. Result: OSCE results show that medical studens give significant progress on their eye examination performance (median OSCE year 1=66, year 3=80; p=0.00). There is strong correlation between clinical cases during OSCE with students score (p=0.005) that show inequality of difficulty level of cases, particularly for first year OSCE that used more detail check list instrument. Conclusion: Medical students show significant progress on their eye examination skills performance. OSCE process need to be improved, especially on developing clinical cases and check list as a scoring instrument. Keywords: medical students, eye examination, OSCE score
Identification of A1286C Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism in Orbital Region Basal Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Khairunnisa Anisah , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

Background: The development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) shows variations among individuals. The risk factor for development of BCC related to environtmental factor especially exposure to ultraviolet radiation and individual factor. The one of internal risk factor contribute to basal cell carcinoma developmental is genetic instability include defects in folic acid synthesis or DNA synthesis. The critical enzim that participate in the process is regulated by Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) gene. Method: This study was descriptive observational with case study involved 10 orbital region basal cell carcinoma. The diagnosis was based on histopathologic examination of the tumor. Genotype frequencies of A1286C polymorphism were studied by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses using MboII enzyme. Result: In the present study, from 10 subjects we found male was 7 people (70%) and female was 3 people (30%). Majority of subjects have history of having a job in the sunlight. The most commont of the BCC is nodular (80%). There is one subject with recurrent case. Analysis result of A1286C MTHFR gene show wild type in all cases. Conclusion: Thereâ€™s no A1286C substitution methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene were identified. The whole subjects are wild type.Keywords: basal cell carcinoma, orbital region, folic acid, polymorphism, A1286C MTHFR gene, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), wild type
Readiness to the Coming 2016 ASEAN Economic Community
Authors: Gondhowiardjo Tjahjono D.
Published: January 2024

No abstract available
Outdoors Activity as A Protective Factor of Myopia Incidence in Children
Authors: Anandita Widya , Barliana Julie D.
Published: January 2024

Background: Outdoors activities emerge as one of protective factors in myopia incidence and progression. The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the effect of outdoor activity on preventionof myopia incidence in children age 0 to 18 years old.Methods: The literature search was conducted from MEDLINE database using Pubmed for journalarticles that were published and related to the association between outdoor activity and incidence ofmyopia, guided by MOOSE checklist. Random effect meta-analysis is done on 1 hour/week outdooractivity and incidence of myopia.Results: Thirteen studies were reviewed, 8 of which are cross-sectional studies and 5 of which arecohort studies. Random effect meta-analysis showed OR of 0.9 (CI 95% 0.59-1.55).Conclusion: Outdoor activity as protective factor in preventing incidence of myopia is still inconclusive.However, throughout most articles reviewed in this literature, there is a trend towards its protectiveeffect in preventing myopia incidence.