bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibrating Geosynchronous and Polar Orbiting Satellites: Sharing Best Practices
Authors: Helder Dennis , Doelling David , Bhatt Rajendra , Choi Taeyoung , Barsi Julia
Published: August 2020

Earth remote sensing optical satellite systems are often divided into two categories—geosynchronous and sun-synchronous. Geosynchronous systems essentially rotate with the Earth and continuously observe the same region of the Earth. Sun-synchronous systems are generally in a polar orbit and view differing regions of the Earth at the same local time. Although similar in instrument design, there are enough differences in these two types of missions that often the calibration of the instruments can be substantially different. Thus, respective calibration teams develop independent methods and do not interact regularly or often. Yet, there are numerous areas of overlap and much to learn from one another. To address this issue, a panel of experts from both types of systems was convened to discover common areas of concern, areas where improvements can be made, and recommendations for the future. As a result of the panelist’s efforts, a set of eight recommendations were developed. Those that are related to improvements of current technologies include maintaining sun-synchronous orbits (not allowing orbital decay), standardization of spectral bandpasses, and expanded use of well-developed calibration techniques such as deep convective clouds, pseudo invariant calibration sites, and lunar methodologies. New techniques for expanded calibration capability include using geosynchronous instruments as transfer radiometers, continued development of ground-based prelaunch calibration technologies, expansion of RadCalNet, and development of space-based calibration radiometer systems.
Generation of a Seamless Earth Radiation Budget Climate Data Record: A New Methodology for Placing Overlapping Satellite Instruments on the Same Radiometric Scale
Authors: Shankar Mohan , Su Wenying , Manalo-Smith Natividad , Loeb Norman G.
Published: August 2020

The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments have enabled the generation of a multi-decadal Earth radiation budget (ERB) climate data record (CDR) at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere, within the atmosphere, and at the Earth’s surface. Six CERES instruments have been launched over the course of twenty years, starting in 1999. To seamlessly continue the data record into the future, there is a need to radiometrically scale observations from newly launched instruments to observations from the existing data record. In this work, we describe a methodology to place the CERES Flight Model (FM) 5 instrument on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) spacecraft on the same radiometric scale as the FM3 instrument on the Aqua spacecraft. We determine the required magnitude of radiometric scaling by using spatially and temporally matched observations from these two instruments and describe the process to radiometrically scale SNPP/FM5 to Aqua/FM3 through the instrument spectral response functions. We also present validation results after application of this radiometric scaling and demonstrate the long-term consistency of the SNPP/FM5 record in comparison with the CERES instruments on Aqua and Terra.
Strapdown Inertial Navigation Systems for Positioning Mobile Robots—MEMS Gyroscopes Random Errors Analysis Using Allan Variance Method
Authors: Rudyk Andrii V. , Semenov Andriy O. , Kryvinska Natalia , Semenova Olena O. , Kvasnikov Volodymyr P. , Safonyk Andrii P.
Published: August 2020

A problem of estimating the movement and orientation of a mobile robot is examined in this paper. The strapdown inertial navigation systems are often engaged to solve this common obstacle. The most important and critically sensitive component of such positioning approximation system is a gyroscope. Thus, we analyze here the random error components of the gyroscope, such as bias instability and random rate walk, as well as those that cause the presence of white and exponentially correlated (Markov) noise and perform an optimization of these parameters. The MEMS gyroscopes of InvenSense MPU-6050 type for each axis of the gyroscope with a sampling frequency of 70 Hz are investigated, as a result, Allan variance graphs and the values of bias instability coefficient and angle random walk for each axis are determined. It was found that in the output signals of the gyroscopes there is no Markov noise and random rate walk, and the X and Z axes are noisier than the Y axis. In the process of inertial measurement unit (IMU) calibration, the correction coefficients are calculated, which allow partial compensating the influence of destabilizing factors and determining the perpendicularity inaccuracy for sensitivity axes, and the conversion coefficients for each axis, which transform the sensor source codes into the measure unit and bias for each axis. The output signals of the calibrated gyroscope are noisy and offset from zero to all axes, so processing accelerometer and gyroscope data by the alpha-beta filter or Kalman filter is required to reduce noise influence.
A Cost-Effective Electric Vehicle Intelligent Charge Scheduling Method for Commercial Smart Parking Lots Using a Simplified Convex Relaxation Technique
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Qureshi Muhammad Bilal , Ali Sahibzada Muhammad , Shabbir Noman , Khan Muhammad Usman Shahid , Aloraini Afnan , Nawaz Raheel
Published: August 2020

Deployment of efficient and cost-effective parking lots is a known bottleneck for the electric vehicles (EVs) sector. A comprehensive solution incorporating the requirements of all key stakeholders is required. Taking up the challenge, we propose a real-time EV smart parking lot model to attain the following objectives: (a) maximize the smart parking lot revenue by accommodating maximum number of EVs and (b) minimize the cost of power consumption by participating in a demand response (DR) program offered by the utility since it is a tool to answer and handle the electric power usage requirements for charging the EV in the smart parking lot. With a view to achieving these objectives, a linear programming-based binary/cyclic (0/1) optimization technique is developed for the EV charge scheduling process. It is difficult to solve the problems of binary optimization in real-time given that the complexity of the problem increases with the increase in number of EV. We deploy a simplified convex relaxation technique integrated with the linear programming solution to overcome this problem. The algorithm achieves: minimum power consumption cost of the EV smart parking lot; efficient utilization of available power; maximization of the number of the EV to be charged; and minimum impact on the EV battery lifecycle. DR participation provide benefits by offering time-based and incentive-based hourly intelligent charging schedules for the EV. A thorough comparison is drawn with existing variable charging rate-based techniques in order to demonstrate the comparative validity of our proposed technique. The simulation results show that even under no DR event, the proposed scheme results in 2.9% decrease in overall power consumption cost for a 500 EV scenario when compared to variable charging rate method. Moreover, in similar conditions, such as no DR event and for 500 EV arrived per day, there is a 2.8% increase in number of EV charged per day, 3.2% improvement in the average state-of-charge (SoC) of the EV, 12.47% reduction in the average time intervals required to achieve final SoC.
Interactive Design to Encourage Energy Efficiency in Offices: Developing and Testing a User-Centered Building Management System Based on a Living Lab Approach
Authors: Baedeker Carolin , Piwowar Julius , Themann Philipp , Grinewitschus Viktor , Krisemendt Benjamin , Lepper Katja , Zimmer Christina , von Geibler Justus
Published: August 2020

Many technical solutions have been developed to enhance the energy efficiency in buildings. However, the actual effectiveness and sustainability of these solutions often do not correspond to expectations because of the missing perspective of design, user’s real needs, and unconsidered negative side effects of their use (rebounds). With the aim to help address these challenges, this paper presents results of a longitudinal living lab study and proposes a user-centered building management system (UC-BMS) as a prototype for office buildings. Based on mixed methods, UC-BMS was co-developed, tested, and evaluated in Germany in up to six office buildings, 85 offices, and within two heating periods. The results demonstrate that such user-oriented approach can save up to 20% of energy while maintaining or even improving comfort and work productivity. The findings show three main areas of intervention and elements of UC-BMS: (1) How interactive design and feedback systems (e.g., air quality) can stimulate ventilation practices and energy efficiency in offices and (2) supporting heating system optimization e.g., by better understanding office behavior. (3) Finally, an office comfort survey was conducted to enable communication between facility management and office users and thus limiting complaints and adapting the heating system towards actual office user needs.
Relationship between International Reserves and FX Rate Movements
Authors: Lee Yeonjeong , Yoon Seong-Min
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the relationship between international reserves changes and foreign exchange rate movements for five Far Eastern countries (China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Korea) from January 1997 to May 2020. We use the quantile Granger causality test and the quantile autoregressive model to capture the monetary authorities’ motivations for intervention. The primary results of this study are as follows. First, in China and Hong Kong, we capture the mercantilists’ motive of accumulating their international reserves for the purpose of responding to the appreciation of currencies. Relatively speaking, the monetary authorities’ motivation for precautionary stabilizing their currencies is high in Korea and Japan. Second, we identify the asymmetric causal relationship between the variables. Considering the causal relationship with significant regression coefficients, these characteristics are found to be more evident in all countries. Last, we confirm the properties of the quantile- and tail-dependent relationship between the variables. In particular, Korea has a relatively stronger tail-dependence than other countries. That is, the causal relationship between the Korean foreign exchange reserves and the exchange rate is stronger at the rapid fluctuations of the variables, and this relationship is weakened at the moderate fluctuations of them.
The Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Agro-Cement in Concrete: A Review
Authors: He Jing , Kawasaki Satoru , Achal Varenyam
Published: August 2020

Concrete, as the world’s most implemented construction material, is increasingly being used because of the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization. Limited resources and progressive depravation of the environment are forcing scientific efforts to seek alternative and effective materials from large amounts of natural resources as additives in the partial replacement of cement. Cement is a main constituent of concrete. To solve and minimize environmental issues, research works attempting to employ the wide availability of agricultural wastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, rice husk, sugar cane straw, and palm oil fuel, among others, into cement, and to finally bring sustainable and environmentally friendly properties to concrete are being examined. Agro-waste materials are crushed into fine and coarse aggregates or are burnt into ash, and are then mixed with cement, which is known as agro-cement. The replacement of aggregates, either partially or fully, is also deemed as a sustainable material in construction. This paper mainly reviews the current research on agro-cement that has been researched and applied for the enhancement of the strength and durability of concrete. It further summarizes the relevant knowledge and techniques, while providing optimal parameters for applying agricultural wastes in concrete.
Sustainability Mindsets for Strategic Management: Lifting the Yoke of the Neo-Classical Economic Perspective
Authors: Farias Gerard , Farias Christine , Krysa Isabella , Harmon Joel
Published: August 2020

While sustainability has attracted the attention of managers and academicians for over two decades, the macro-level indicators of sustainability are not moving in the right direction. Climate change continues to be an existential threat for humanity and other indicators of sustainability do not fare much better. The logic of the business case and the associated framing of tension between financial outcomes and sustainability have generated a limited and inadequate response to the existential challenges before humanity today. In this essay, we analyze the evolution of sustainability in the business context and call for a recognition that social and environmental outcomes must supersede economic ones in corporate sustainability thinking. We call for a widening of the spatial, temporal, and moral lenses in the formulation and execution of business strategy to ensure that it is in alignment with the needs of current and future generations of humanity and proportionate to planetary conditions.
Active Power Management of Virtual Power Plant under Penetration of Central Receiver Solar Thermal-Wind Using Butterfly Optimization Technique
Authors: Dey Partha Pratim , Das Dulal Chandra , Latif Abdul , Hussain S. M. Suhail , Ustun Taha Selim
Published: August 2020

Striving for the suppression of greenhouse emissions, the modern power network is facing fundamental changes with the utilization of renewable energies (REs) for the future carbon-free society. The utilization of intermittent renewable-green power needs a better power management system and virtual power plant (VPP) can be a vital candidate that meets this demand. This study investigates a coordinated control grid integrated virtual power plant (VPP) in the presence of Central Receiver Solar Thermal System (CRSTS), Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), and Electric Vehicle (EV). To this end, CRSTS employed with thermal storage acts as a dispatchable renewable generating unit and coordinated control of the system units are achieved using the available control strategy on interconnected microgrids in the modified form, employing communication time delay. The proposed control strategy employs the proportional-integral (PI) and PI-derivative (PID) controller. Coordinated power control with real-time communication delay in grid integrated VPP in presence of CRSTS, WTG, and EV is a novel approach. Genetic algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Slap Swarm Algorithm (SSA), and recent Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) are used for tuning the necessary control parameters. The results establish the superiority of the BOA over SSA and PSO in suppressing system frequency deviations and tie line power deviation. The analysis of the dynamic response reveals that the consideration of the communication delay in the system expressively impedes the stable operation of the power system.
Do Learning Approaches Set the Stage for Emotional Well-Being in College Students?
Authors: de la Fuente Jesús , Peralta-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Martínez-Vicente José Manuel , Santos Flavia H. , Fadda Salvatore , Gaeta-González Martha Leticia
Published: August 2020

The research aim of this paper was two-fold: to generate evidence that personality factors are linear predictors of the variable approaches to learning (a relevant cognitive-motivational variable of Educational Psychology); and to show that each type of learning approach differentially predicts positive or negative achievement emotions, in three learning situations: class time, study time, and testing. A total of 658 university students voluntarily completed validated questionnaires referring to these three variables. Using an ex post facto design, we conducted correlational analyses, regression analyses, and multiple structural predictions. The results showed that Conscientiousness is associated with and predicts a Deep Approach to learning, while also predicting positive achievement emotions. By contrast, Neuroticism is associated with and significantly predicts a Surface Approach to learning, as well as negative achievement emotions. There are important psychoeducational implications in the university context, both for prevention and for self-improvement, and for programs that offer psychoeducational guidance.
The Transportability of a Game-Based Learning Approach to Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering Education: Effects on Student Conceptual Understanding, Engagement, and Experience
Authors: Shernoff David J. , Ryu Ji-Chul , Ruzek Erik , Coller Brianno , Prantil Vincent
Published: August 2020

Many game-based instructional designs have demonstrated effectiveness for a variety of educational outcomes, although typically in limited contexts. In this article, we report the results of a four-year study testing the extent to which a game-based learning approach to undergraduate engineering education demonstrating promising results in a university course was transportable to other engineering courses and universities. We evaluated students’ conceptual understanding, emotional engagement (with the Experience Sampling Method), and experience when using the video game, Spumone, for their coursework compared to a textbook-based control condition. Multilevel models and other quantitative analyses showed that the effect of the experimental condition (i.e., game-based) on conceptual understanding and student engagement was not significant. Based on a content analysis of students’ feedback, however, the students reported a positive experience with game-based learning for their assignments overall. Areas of need towards successful implementation of the game-based learning intervention were also examined. This study has important implications for the salience of implementation issues including adequate training and continuing teacher professional development, and ongoing supports for instructors and students to aid in the learning of concepts that the game was intended to teach.
From XS to XL Urban Nature: Examining Access to Different Types of Green Space Using a ‘Just Sustainabilities’ Framework
Authors: Choi Dong-ah , Park Keunhyun , Rigolon Alessandro
Published: August 2020

Different types of urban green spaces provide diverse benefits for human health and environmental sustainability, but most studies on access to green space focus on neighborhood parks, with less work on smaller or larger green spaces. In this study, we examined sociodemographic differences in access to green spaces of different sizes for 14,385 census block groups in 12 U.S. cities using a ‘just sustainabilities’ framework. We classified green spaces into street-level greenery (XS), neighborhood parks (S–L; walking and cycling access), and large parks (XL; walking, cycling, and driving access). We ran spatial filtering models at the census block group level using different thresholds based on transportation modes. We uncovered a complex picture of inequality, with consistent injustices for XS green space, and fewer injustices for S–L and XL green space based on socioeconomic status and age, and some instances of just distributions for S–L and XL green space based on race/ethnicity. Our findings present a concerning picture for ‘just sustainabilities’: the green space type that is most often part of sustainability and climate adaptation strategies—street greenery—is unjustly distributed, likely as a result of structural racism in U.S. institutions. By examining multimodal access to green spaces of different sizes, this study helps urban greening professionals develop more just and sustainable strategies.
Does Service Recovery Really Work? The Multilevel Effects of Online Service Recovery Based on Brand Perception
Authors: Lu Tzu-En , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Hsu Jer-Wei
Published: August 2020

This study explores how customer perception of online shopping brands plays a key role in moderating the relationship between service recovery and perceived justice. We incorporated brand equity at the organizational level and brand identity at the individual level into the relationship between online service recovery and customer-perceived justice. The findings are as follows: (a) online service recovery has a positive effect on customer-perceived justice; (b) brand equity at the organizational level has a negative influence on the relationships that courtesy and compensation have with perceived justice; (c) brand identity at the individual level has a negative influence on the relationships that courtesy and compensation have with perceived justice; and (d) hierarchical linear modeling can precisely measure the relationship between organizations and customers.
Molecular Characterization of Hovenia Dulcis-Associated Virus 1 (HDaV1) and 2 (HDaV2): New Tentative Species within the Order Picornavirales
Authors: Nery Flávia M. B. , Melo Fernando L. , Boiteux Leonardo S. , Ribeiro Simone G. , Resende Renato O. , Orílio Anelise F. , Batista Josiane G. , Lima Mirtes F. , Pereira-Carvalho Rita C.
Published: August 2020

In a systematic field survey for plant-infecting viruses, leaf tissues were collected from trees showing virus-like symptoms in Brazil. After viral enrichment, total RNA was extracted and sequenced using the MiSeq platform (Illumina). Two nearly full-length picorna-like genomes of 9534 and 8158 nucleotides were found associated with Hovenia dulcis (Rhamnaceae family). Based upon their genomic information, specific primers were synthetized and used in RT-PCR assays to identify plants hosting the viral sequences. The larger contig was tentatively named as Hovenia dulcis-associated virus 1 (HDaV1), and it exhibited low nucleotide and amino acid identities with Picornavirales species. The smaller contig was related to insect-associated members of the Dicistroviridae family but exhibited a distinct genome organization with three non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), and it was tentatively named as Hovenia dulcis-associated virus 2 (HDaV2). Phylogenetic analysis using the amino acid sequence of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) revealed that HDaV1 and HDaV2 clustered in distinct groups, and both viruses were tentatively assigned as new members of the order Picornavirales. HDaV2 was assigned as a novel species in the Dicistroviridae family. The 5′ ends of both viruses are incomplete. In addition, a nucleotide composition analysis (NCA) revealed that HDaV1 and HDaV2 have similarities with invertebrate-infecting viruses, suggesting that the primary host(s) of these novel virus species remains to be discovered.
Vaccines against RNA Viruses
Authors: Saiz Juan-Carlos
Published: August 2020

RNA viruses cause animal, human, and zoonotic diseases that affect millions of individuals, as is being exemplified by the devastating ongoing epidemic of the recently identified SARS-Cov-2 [...]
Bed Roughness Effects on the Turbulence Characteristics of Flows through Emergent Rigid Vegetation
Authors: Penna Nadia , Coscarella Francesco , D’Ippolito Antonino , Gaudio Roberto
Published: August 2020

During floods, the riparian vegetation in a watercourse significantly changes the velocity distribution and the turbulence structures of the flow. However, a certain influence on them is always exerted by the bed sediments. The aim of the present work is to study the bed roughness effects on the turbulence characteristics in an open-channel flow with rigid and emergent vegetation. Toward this end, an experimental campaign was conducted and consisted of three runs with different bed roughness conditions. The study is based on the analysis of the velocity, Reynolds shear stress, and viscous stress distributions. The results show that, in the region below the free surface region, the flow is strongly influenced by the vegetation. However, moving toward the bed, the flow is affected by a combined effect of vegetation, firstly, and bed roughness, secondly. This flow zone becomes more extended, as the size of the bed sediments increases. The shear stress distributions confirm the distinction between the two flow regions. In fact, the shear stresses are practically negligible in the upper zone of the water depth influenced by vegetation, whereas, owing to the bed roughness, they reach the maximum value near the bed surface. Finally, the analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) revealed high values below the crest level and in the near-bed flow zone in the streamwise direction, whereas a strong lateral variation of TKE from the flume centerline to the cylinder occurred in the intermediate region.
On the Origin of Deep Soil Water Infiltration in the Arid Sandy Region of China
Authors: Cheng Yiben , Yang Wenbin , Zhan Hongbin , Jiang Qunou , Shi Mingchang , Wang Yunqi
Published: August 2020

Soil water moisture is one of the most important influencing factors in the fragile ecosystems in arid sandy regions, and it serves as a bridge connecting the rainfall and groundwater, two important water sources in arid sandy regions. The hydrological process of an arid sandy region occurs sporadically and is highly non-uniform temporally, making it difficult to monitor and predict. The deep soil recharge (DSR) at a sufficiently deep soil layer (usually greater than 200 cm below ground surface) is an important indicator for groundwater recharge in the arid sandy region, and thus the quantitative determination of DSR is of great significance to the evaluation of water resources and the study of water balance in the arid sandy region. Due to the large amount of evaporation, small amount of precipitation, and the long term of the frozen-soil period in the winter and spring, the monitoring of infiltration and determination of DSR in the arid sandy region become challenging. This study selects the Ulanbuh desert plots in northern China to monitor DSR, precipitation and seasonal frozen soil thickness change, and reaches the following conclusions: Even though the annual precipitation is only 48.2 mm in the arid sandy region, DSR will still occur and replenish groundwater. The daily threshold of precipitation for generating measurable DSR is lower than 4 mm, where the DSR value is defined as the downward flux over a unit area per day hereinafter. DSR continues during the frozen period of the winter and spring seasons, and it is generated from water vapor transport and condensation in the deep sandy layer. Summer rainstorms do no show an obvious correlation with DSR, which is unexpected. This study reveals the characteristics of the dynamic water resources movement and transformation in the arid sandy area in Ulanbuh Desert and can serve as an important guideline for the quantitative assessment of water resources in arid sandy regions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Using Trisodium Citrate as a Reductant
Authors: Dewi Astriana , Putri Suriati Eka , Salempa Pince
Published: August 2020

This research is an experimental study that aims to determine the characteristics of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) synthesized using trisodium citrate as a reducing agent. 0.4 mM HAuCl4 solution was synthesized using Na3C6H5O7 to convert Au3+ to Au0 with several variations of the reducing agent concentration, 3.5%; 5%; 6.5% and 8%. Determination of reaction time was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with time variations of 1, 5, 15, 30 and 45 minutes. Characterization of the size and lattice of Au-NPs crystals using X-Ray Difraction (XRD) and morphological characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results of the characterization, Au-NPs were produced blackish brown in color, and yields were 66.13%, 89%, 59.63% and 50.30% respectively for trisodium citrate reductant concentrations of 3.5%; 5%; 6.5% and 8%, with an average Au-NPs size of 46.97; 19.06; 50.03 and 39.68 nm, Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Crystal lattice and have a homogeneous morphology.
Public Accounting as a profession in Mexico
Authors: Paredes-Barrón Adriana , Silva-Contreras Juan , Andrade-Oseguera Miguel Angél
Published: August 2020

Every profession has a function of responsibility to society, which implies dedication, compliance and permanent updating, credibility and, above all, appropriating their ideals, making them part of their being, with certain ideas, ethical compliance, values and practices that characterize him as a professional. Exercising the profession of Public Accountant implies a sense of social responsibility, of acting with integrity of values and ethics, if one takes into account that society demands such compliance, in addition to a behavior of honesty and certainty. In Mexico, the Public Accountant has different areas of specialization in which professionals can find work cavity today. The main objective of this article is to analyze and identify the functions of a future professional in Public Accounting as well as the work areas to be carried out.The background, essential characteristics, challenges and fields of action of the profession in Mexico are included, thus contributing to the election of career for university futures.
Variables determining the growth of micro and small businesses
Authors: Landazuri-Aguilera Yara
Published: August 2020

Both developed and emerging nations share a high proportion of SMEs in their economic structure. For developing countries like Mexico, this situation can represent development opportunities. In this context, the objective of this study is to statistically analyze the relationship between the variables finance, technology, competition and human resources, with the variable dependent on business growth in the micro and small companies of southern Sonora. To do this, we propose a structural model, tested through the model of structural equations with estimated panel data and a contrast of said results through a multiple linear regression model. The sample size reached was 65 companies and the information was collected through interviews. The results through structural equation models and linear regression show that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between viable technology and competition with business growth, not being so with the variables finances and human resource, when not being significant, concluding that the variables technology and competition explain the behavior of the dependent variable (business growth). The findings are consistent with those found in other research conducted in other countries.
Evaluation of productive and economic parameters of pigs in the final stage, with three feeding programs
Authors: Noguez-Estrada Juan , Aguilar-Priciliano Tania , Vargas-Monter Jorge , Rodríguez-Ortega Leodan Tadeo
Published: August 2020

The objective was to evaluate the productive and economic parameters of pigs in the final stage with three commercial feeding programs. 240 pigs with homogeneous characteristics were used, assigning 40 females and 40 males completely random to the treatments. The animals were fed with 3 diets in flour containing different level of protein: T0 (16 %), T1 (16.42 %) and T2 (17.51). For the analysis of the information, a completely randomized design was used, the means were contrasted with the Tukey test. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) for the evaluated variables, with the highest consumption of dry matter (CDM) recorded in the T1 (2,065), followed by T2 (2,063) and T0 (1,931 kg.). The daily weight gain (DWG) was for T2 of 0.863 grs., T1 with (0.858) and for T0 of 0.826 grs. With a food conversion (FC) for the proposal T0 of 2,562, T1 (2,671) and T2 3,027 kg. The pigs fed with T1 recorded a cost of 16,869 / Kg. of live weight, followed by T2 with $ 14,556 and obtaining more profitability with T0 when obtaining a cost of $ 13,248. The productive behavior between treatments was similar, but the best profitability is obtained with the T0.
Simulación de Mecanismos
Authors: Jiménez-Rabiela Homero , Vázquez-González Benjamín , Ramírez-Cruz José Luis , García-Segura Pedro
Published: August 2020

Objectives: In this work we show different simulated mechanisms virtually, their objective is to facilitate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of their kinematics; allowing to determine degrees of freedom, relation of times, mechanical advantage, mobility, positions, speeds and accelerations. Such an objective is achieved by simulating them for different positions using discretization and variable timing. Methodology: It consists of files of mechanisms with the corresponding files of links and electronic spreadsheets. The student must modify the dimensional, geometric and kinematic restrictions; remove them and install new ones; to observe the behavior of the mechanism as a system or of the links as integral parts. Contribution: Simplify the cognitive process of the kinematics of the mechanisms. It facilitates the understanding of the Euler and the Lagrange approaches. It allows to understand and evaluate the positions, speeds and accelerations; absolute, relative and apparent. The files of mechanisms and links are virtual, three-dimensional and allow their animation. Electronic spreadsheets control the restrictions of both the mechanisms and their links.
Floristic composition in deciduous tropical forest to west of Irapuato, Guanajuato
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Victoria , Ramos-López Luis Fernando , Colli-Mull Juan Gualberto
Published: August 2020

The flora of Irapuato has been poorly explored, because it is an area dedicated to agriculture and there are few strains of tropical deciduous forest and subtropical scrubland. The objectives of the study were to know the floristic composition in Cerro del Veinte, compare the richness of species with other locations that have the same type of vegetation and determine the conservation status of the species according to NOM-059 SEMARNAT-2010. The sampling was through free transects of approximately 1 km in the Barrancas La Escondida and El Paiste. A total of 59 families, 137 genera, 171 species and four varieties were obtained. The best represented families are Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Pteridaceae. According to the Chao 2 estimator, the sampling effort in the study area was 87%. Floristic affinity in Cerro del Veinte was greater with the Hoya de Rincón de Parangueo (38%) and Sierra de Pénjamo (32%). In addition, there are three new species reported for Guanajuato, Govenia lagenophora and Sacoila lanceolata (Orchidaceae) and Solanum edmundoi (Solanaceae). The taxa Cedrela odorata and Erythrina coralloides are included in NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010.
Effectiveness of Humic Acids, Fulvic Acids and lechuguilla extract (Agave lechuguilla), as biosurfactants in the Remediation of soils contaminated with Hydrocarbons
Authors: Resendiz-Vega Marisol , García-Melo José Alberto
Published: August 2020

The environmental pollution caused by oil and its derivatives is recognized as one of the most serious problems. Once spilled on the ground, most aliphatic compounds volatilize, while other hydrocarbons such as polycyclics persist on the surface causing an impact on the environment and living beings. There are a variety of techniques for treatment, but they have the disadvantage of being expensive, so viable alternatives have been sought such as bioremediation, which consist of making use of microorganisms and constitutes a very competitive technology, capable of achieving the biodegradation of hydrocarbons contained in the soils. Depending on the characteristics of the soil and the content of organic matter, the hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight and lower solubility can adsorb in the micropores of the soil particles, resulting in this being inaccessible as carbon and energy sources for the microorganisms. Therefore, surfactant agents that act by increasing bioavailability through the parallel action of the desorption and solubilization of the contaminant are required. This article compares 3 surfactant agents of natural origin, which analyze and discuss the effectiveness of each of them for the treatment of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons. Once the lechuguilla extract is obtained in cold and hot, the soil is washed, fats and oils are determined by soxhlet method and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is determined, finding a marked effectiveness of the cold lechuguilla extract (Agave lechuguilla).
Physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of different sprouts
Authors: Reyes-Munguia Abigail , Carrillo-Inungaray María Luisa , García-Barrón Gabriela Del Socorro , Turrubiates-Garay Karla Alicia
Published: August 2020

In the germination of seeds an increase in their nutritional value has been observed, such as the increase in protein and micronutrients. It has been found that continuous intake of some types of sprouts helps prevent certain chronic diseases, such as colon cancer, Alzheimer's, among others. The objective is to evaluate the physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of alfalfa, chia, lentil and broccoli sprouts. For the seed germination process a container was placed with water and covered with a cloth so that a firm surface remained and on this the seeds were placed. The seeds were sprayed with water twice a day until favorable growth was noted. Broccoli sprouts obtained the highest values of DPPH radical inhibition and polyphenol content. The physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics vary according to germination days.
Evaluation of the Contextual Factors of Puerto Vallarta to Define Graduate Profiles in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Navarro-Alvarado Alberto , González-Moreno Cynthia Dinorah, , Sánchez-Beltrán Martha Irene
Published: August 2020

This paper analyzes several factors that constitute the economical and institutional context of the municipal environment of Puerto Vallarta in Jalisco state, focused on detect the needs of professional profiles in higher education institutions. These factors can be considered as a main intervention axis to constitute the regional context, which is crucial to define the desirable professional profiles in higher education graduates. To elaborate the present study various indicators were analyzed, mainly those who are generated by state government offices and some other public dependencies with regional intervention, all of them aligned to evaluate contextual factors thru the identification of a transversal association of the data. We wish to identify the pertinency of the professional profile in the higher education graduates based on the results of the present analysis, furthermore the main tendencies in higher education that can be promoted in local educational offer to generate an appropriate response to actual and future needs thru an objective evaluation of the context that considers the international educational tendencies.
Economic dispersion of the right of employees to participate in profit sharing payments of companies in Mexico
Authors: Osorio-Atondo José Manuel , Gastélum-Celaya Danitza María
Published: August 2020

This research provides a national legal analysis regarding the right to profit sharing of the employees in Mexico, along with the legal basis and the calculation procedure according to what is established in the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, the Federal Labor Law and the Income Tax Law in the case of legal entities. Likewise, based on descriptive statistics, it also presents the behavior on the manifestation of compliance in filing the annual statement of the tax regime analyzed, as well as the expression of the amounts distributed among their subordinates; with figures issued by the Tax Administration Service (SAT) in its register of taxpayers and data anonymized for fiscal years from 2010 to 2015. Similarly, in view of the data available from the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH) for the years 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2018, there is a wide gap in the dispersion and low income of the income presented.
Fruit thinning in seven tomato varieties (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse
Authors: Vargas-Espinoza Everardo , Gaytán-Ruelas Marina , Rivera-Arredondo Marisa , Calderón-Ruiz Alberto
Published: August 2020

The experiment was conducted from May to August 2018 at the Technological University of the Southwest of Guanajuato (UTSOE) in a randomized complete block design with three repetitions, in greenhouse 1 of 700 m2 of the Sustainable and Protected Agriculture Career; with the purpose of evaluating the effect of three levels of thinning of fruits, with four, five fruits and without thinning, in the yield and plant variables in seven varieties of saladette tomato produced under greenhouse and in hydroponic substrate. The varieties evaluated were: Natalie, USATX 12227, USATX 9934, Juan Pablo, USATX 24019, USATX 16117, USATX 15538, all established at a density of 31,250 plants per hectare. The thinning levels of four and five fruits per cluster had a positive influence on tomato yield, on treatments without thinning, the Natalie and Juan Pablo varieties being the ones with the highest yield, after three weeks of harvest. Regarding the number of leaves, despite finding statistical differences (p≤ 0.01), the thinning of fruits did not necessarily influence the development of leaves, but rather was due to the genetics of each variety, the USATX 24019 variety being the that more leaves developed.
Características antropométricas en manos y fuerza máxima de agarre de trabajadores en una región de México: Caso de estudio hombres
Authors: López-Acosta Mauricio , Velarde-Cantú José Manuel , Chacara-Montes Allán , Ramírez-Cárdenas Ernesto
Published: August 2020

The present article studies the anthropometric variables of the hand for a sample of 100 working adults whose ages were between 18 and 60 years, located in the State of Sonora, Mexico. In total, 26 anthropometric measures and the maximum grip strength in the dominant and non-dominant hand were considered. A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for the measurements taken; In addition, a statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the anthropometric characteristics and the maximum grip strength in the dominant hand. It was found that the age group with the strongest grip was 30-39 years with a value of 51.77 kg in the dominant hand.
Medidor de grados Brix en Uvas
Authors: Arellano-Yañez Ricardo , Lopez-Reyes Fernando Octavio , Domínguez-López Rene Félix
Published: August 2020

Contribution: The brix degree meter has the purpose of using it in the field and in the laboratory to collect the information corresponding to this parameter (brix degrees) to sample the crops of vegetables, fruit trees and mainly grapes that are held in the vineyards of the Technological University of North of Aguascalientes, being able to monitor the ripeness of the grapes as well as the grapevines of these vineyards through data collection and analysis, and even decide based on the results of brix grades taken and analyzed by the meter to harvest this product at the best time. Objectives: To develop a brix degree meter for both didactic and professional use, which allows us to sample this parameter in the field in the plants and mainly in the fruit of the vineyards of the Technological University of the North of Aguascalientes and in the surrounding region of the same for monitor the degree of maturity of the crops and thus determine the best seasonality of harvesting the grapes based on data analysis trying to obtain the best product for the production of table wines. Methodology: The light refraction method and also for conductivity should be considered to develop the device to measure the brix degrees, since they are a simple and commonly used methods, the electronic processing of the sample in the same device will be done a comparison of parameters according to the scale determined for the different types of grapes that you want to monitor, the data of a number of samples will be stored and the necessary statistical calculations will be made that will yield the result and will suggest in based on these the ideal time of harvest, said data may be downloaded in a database for its history and laboratory monitoring.
Efecto de la aplicación de pre-tratamientos físicos y químicos en la digestión anaerobia de pulpa de café
Authors: Nava-Valente Noemi , López-Escobar Luis Antonio , Del Ángel-Coronel Oscar Andrés , Atenodoro-Alonso Jesús
Published: August 2020

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of thermal pre-treatment (50, 70 Y 90 °C during 1 h) and acid pre-treatment (2.5%, 5% y 10% v/v during 1 h) in anaerobic digestion process of coffee pulp. The methodology consisted of three stages where the waste was obtained and characterized, applied pre-treatments to evaluate the solubilization degree and biogas production. The residue presented a %VS of 91.80, pH of 5.04, total COD 24.26 g/L and soluble COD 14.88 g/L. The solubilization values obtained by applying thermal pre-treatment increased to 0.92-4.98%, while applying acids pre-treatments of 2.6-18.86%. Subsequently, in the anaerobic digestion process, retention time decreased from 23 up to 14 days. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that, pretreatment is significant to increase the percentage of hydrolysis rate, however, the hydrolysis rate percentage cannot be directly related to biogas production in anaerobic digestion.
Fuente Didáctica de Voltaje Lineal
Authors: Noguerón-Soto Alfonso , Sánchez-Delgado Octavio , Curioca-Varela Yedid , Alfaro-Herrera Julio
Published: August 2020

A voltage source is a very useful and necessary tool in prototype testing of electronics projects, especially when they need to be tested in a controlled and safe environment both for the circuit being tested and for the user who is Operating the voltage source. The following article presents a new innovation of this type of tool, it is a linear voltage source with self-protection system for both the user and the circuit under test, it consists of level detecting circuits placed in each voltage regulator which will notify the user if any type of short circuit occurs during the testing stage of their prototype. The user will be notified by the same voltage source by means of a light that will indicate the status of the test, all this in order to avoid short circuit damage and its serious consequences.
Estimación de máximas densidades para mitigar el impacto de la enfermedad HLB en plantaciones de naranja Valencia
Authors: Medina-Urrutia Víctor Manuel , Robles-González Marciano Manuel , Reyes-Hernández/ Jaime Eduardo , Vigen-Calleros Gil
Published: August 2020

Objectives: This work was carried out to estimate the optimal plant density for 4 Valencia orange varieties and to determine the highest yield potential as a strategic to overlap the yield reduction by citrus HLB disease. Methodology: Tree growth data of nine years [(height, diameter and canopy volume (CV); area of soil covered by canopy (ASC)] and yield in kg/tree (Y) of four varieties were analyzed first by correlation analysis and then submitted to a lineal and multiple regression analysis. Contribution: Correlation values of 0.8 and 0.85 were observed for ASC and CV with Y, respectively. Based on these variables the optimal calculated tree densities by regression for “Pineapple”, “Queen”, “Cutter” and “Campbell” varieties were 900-1000 trees/ha, which can yield 30 to 60 ton/ha/year, from 4th to 9th year.