bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of Zelurus Hahn, 1826 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae), with taxonomical notes on three other related species of the genus
Authors: Gil-Santana Hélcio R. , Oliveira Correia João Paulo Sales
Published: April 2022

Zelurus galvaoi sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae) is described from Peru, based on a male and a female specimens. Photographs of type specimens and short notes on the characteristics of Zelurus montivagus Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1955, Zelurus abalosi Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1951 and Zelurus singularis Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1947, related to the new species, are presented. Zelurus abalosi is recorded from Bolivia for the first time.
Long-term Impacts of Tourism Student Exchange Program
Authors: Priyanto Yumnaa Adina Ulfah , Andrianto Tomy
Published: April 2022

The student exchange program as part of educational tourism certainly provides added value and benefits that contribute to sustainable tourism development. This study aims to identify the long-term impact of tourism student exchange programs in ASEAN. Student exchanges provide students with the opportunity to gain in-depth insight into global perspectives and cross-cultural understanding especially related to tourism studies. This study uses a qualitative method by interviewing seven informants enrolled in the program in the period of 2018 to 2019 to Thailand and Malaysia. Descriptive analysis of the first code cycle is used to analyze and answer the research objectives. As a result, students sense long-term changes from the program as improving communication in foreign languages, self-confidence, sense of independence, and responsibility in decision-making or participant actions, priorities for the future, and intercultural understanding.
Las vueltas de la razón instrumental de Trump: una aproximación a los discursos políticos del expresidente estadounidense con relación a China
Authors: Cuevas Velásquez Marlene Grecia
Published: April 2022

El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo el expresidente de Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, se sirvió de la razón instrumental. Es decir, que puso a la razón al servicio de sus intereses políticos para conseguir la reelección en 2020, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Esto se puede verificar en el cambio de discurso de uno pro-China a uno anti-China acorde a lo que más le convenía para mantener la narrativa en la que prometía “hacer a Estados Unidos grande de nuevo” para así lograr la reelección. Por esta razón, Trump se mostró como un gran aliado del Gobierno chino cuando le convino, y lo atacó y culpabilizó de la COVID-19 cuando así lo necesitó. Para ello, se aplicó el concepto de razón instrumental de la Escuela de Frankfurt, entendida como una modalidad de pensamiento, producto de la Ilustración, que prioriza la utilidad de las acciones y el uso de objetos de acuerdo con un proceso de medio-fin, sin tomar en cuenta lo moral. Se utilizaron particularmente los aportes de Max Horkheimer y Herbert Marcuse.
TÜKETİCİ ETNOSENTRİZMİ VE TÜKETİCİ DÜŞMANLIĞININ SOSYAL MEDYADA BOYKOTA ETKİSİ
Authors: ATILGAN Kalender Özcan , KÖKEN Yusuf
Published: April 2022

Küresel tüketimin yaygınlaşmasıyla ve tüketicilerin yabancı menşeili ürünleri daha fazla tercih etmeye başlamalarının sonucu, tüketici etnosentrizmi ve tüketici düşmanlığı ile ilgili çalışmaların yanı sıra, çeşitli sebeplerle yabancı menşeili ürünlerin satın alınmasına yönelik tepkiler ve tüketici boykotu bağlamında gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da tüketicilere iletilen sosyal medya mesajlarındaki ürünlerin boykot edilmesinde tüketici etnosentrizmi ve ekonomik düşmanlığın etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu çerçevede Mersin ili merkez ilçelerinde yaşayan 457 katılımcıya, sosyal medya boykotu senaryosu sunularak, araştırma değişkenlerini ölçmeye yönelik oluşturulmuş anketler uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, tüketici düşmanlığının alt boyutları olan ekonomik ve genel düşmanlığın algılanan boykot başarısına istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu ve ekonomik düşmanlığın ürün tercihine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Tüketici etnosentrizminin alt boyutları olan sert ve yumuşak etnosentrizmin algılanan boykot başarısına istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu ve sert etnosentrizmin her ikisinin de ürün tercihine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca gelecekte yapılacak olan çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Customs and logistics infrastructure: conceptual and functional transformation in the context of digitalization
Authors: Malevich Yu. V. , Lichman E. A.
Published: April 2022

Aim. The presented study aims to investigate the terminological apparatus and functional purpose of several infrastructure facilities in the context of the development of digitalization. Tasks. The authors analyze the conceptual framework and major approaches to defining the concepts of “logistics infrastructure” and “customs infrastructure”; structure and identify the constituent elements of infrastructures.

Methods. This study uses analysis and synthesis, as well as the theory and methodology of logistics.

Results. A retrospective analysis of the terminological apparatus on the subject under investigation makes it possible to structure approaches to defining the concepts of “logistics infrastructure” and “customs infrastructure”, as well as to deduce an enlarged group of objects for these two types of infrastructure. In this regard, the authors conclude that it would be appropriate to talk about customs and logistics infrastructure, since part of the customs infrastructure facilities is part of the logistics facilities.

Conclusion. To achieve a cumulative effect with allowance for current trends, it is necessary to direct the efforts of the scientific community and the government towards creating a modern unified conceptual apparatus for “customs and logistics infrastructure”.
Program-target approach to innovative development: Russian and foreign experience
Authors: Kyarimova A. D.
Published: April 2022

Aim. The presented study aims to summarize Russian and foreign experience in the implementation of a program-target approach to management from a theoretical perspective concerning the development of mechanisms for the implementation of target programs.

Tasks. The author investigates the historical experience of implementing target programs; identifies the established algorithm and mechanisms for the implementation of such programs; analyzes approaches to assessing their efficiency.

Methods. The author uses general scientific methods of theoretical research and analysis of the approaches of leading Russian and foreign scientists in the context of the problem under investigation.

Results. Target programs in the most important areas, such as digitalization, import substitution, and socio-economic development, do not produce the expected results. Drawing attention to the assessment of the efficiency of federal target programs, the author notes that the category of “efficiency assessment” is narrowly defined and thereby does not reflect the logic and content of the components of a particular program. Nevertheless, it remains obvious that federal target programs are the main instrument of the innovative development of the national economy. This encourages the development and improvement of mechanisms for their implementation.

Conclusion. In the course of theoretical research, the secondary results of the works of domestic scientists are analyzed.
Community Participation in Handling Waste in Bandar Lampung City Towards Smart City
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung, Rahmadani Faradiba Putri , Triono Agus ,   Faculty of Law, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of writing this article is to find out how government policies in Bandar Lampung City are in handling waste and also community participation in waste handling to realize Smart Environment through Smart City. Research methodology: This article is a normative legal research with a statutory approach that explores relevant national legal instruments which are analyzed using descriptive methods. Results: The results showed that the Bandar Lampung City government's policy was carried out by making Bandar Lampung City Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2015 concerning Waste Management in Bandar Lampung City. The handling of waste is carried out through the relevant agencies, namely the Bandar Lampung City Environmental Service. To be able to implement the policies made by the government, community participation is needed, especially in handling waste. Community participation is considered as a real and effective effort in implementing the policy. Limitations: This study examines how the waste handling policy in the city of Bandar Lampung and how the participation of the people of the city of Bandar Lampung in the process of handling waste towards a smart city. Contribution: With this research, it is hoped that it can provide benefits as input and improvement for the relevant government in terms of handling waste and community participation in the city of Bandar Lampung, and can be a reference for other writers who want to raise similar issues.
Queer Theory and the Transition from Sex to Gender in English Prisons
Authors: Biggs Michael
Published: April 2022

Social theory describes and explains the world but can also transform it. The generative power of theory has been shown for disciplines that emulate natural sciences, like economics and psychiatry. I argue that queer theory has similar power, using the case of prison policy in England and Wales. The theory’s privileging of gender over sex helped to transform the criteria for incarcerating males in women’s prisons: from genital surgery to legal status, and then to gender identity. The implementation of queer theory enables us to unpack two distinct meanings of gender performance. The first is dramaturgical, where the individual gives off the appearance of femininity or masculinity through body modification, clothing, and gesture. The second meaning of performance is illocutionary, where the individual verbally declares themself to be man or woman. This case demonstrates the impact of queer theory on institutional policy and elite opinion, even under a Conservative government.
The Female of the Species: Reply to Heartsilver
Authors: Byrne Alex
Published: April 2022

Maggie Heartsilver’s “Deflating Byrne’s ‘Are women adult human females?’” subjects the arguments and conclusion of “Are women…?” to a probing and comprehensive stress-test. The present paper responds to Heartsilver’s objections, and also discusses the significance of the proposition that trans women are women.
Don’t Worry, Be Happy: The Gettability of Ultimate Meaning
Authors: Turp Michael-John , Hollinshead Brylea , Rowe Stephen
Published: April 2022

Rivka Weinberg advances an error theory of ultimate meaning with three parts: (1) a conceptual analysis, (2) the claim that the extension of the concept is empty, and (3) a proposed fitting response, namely being very, very sad. Weinberg’s conceptual analysis of ultimate meaning involves two features that jointly make it metaphysically impossible, namely (i) the separateness of activities and valued ends, and (ii) the bounded nature of human lives. Both are open to serious challenges. We offer an internalist alternative to (i) and a relational alternative to (ii). We then draw out implications for (2) and conclude with reasons to be cheerful about the prospects of a meaningful life.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USE DIALIZER REUSE ON UREA REDUCTION RATIO IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AT KARSA HUSADA BATU HOSPITAL
Authors: Suntiari Anik , Agustina Wiwik , Lumadi Sih Ageng
Published: April 2022

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an end-stage disease of the kidneys, the causes are multiple, can cause to uremia and cannot be renewed.Hemodialysis is a therapy for renal kidney disease. One of the appraisal adequacy of hemodialysis therapy is to use the URR (Urea Reduction Ratio) that assessment by measuring urea before and after hemodialysis therapy. Hemodialysis therapy uses a dialyser that can be used repeatedly in the same patient. The use of dialysers at Karsa Husada Batu Hospital can be used up to 7 times reuse. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of using a reuse dialyzer to URR. This research design uses comparative descriptive appraisal is a difference between reuse to 1,3,5,7 and using a cross-sectional approach. Sampling using purposive sampling with a sample size of 26 respondents. The different test was used Kruskal Wallis by assessing the URR at the dializer in 1,3,5,7 reuse. Significance of 0.802 (p> 0.05) was obtained, which means that there is no significant difference in the URR value of chronic renal disease patients with hemodialysis therapy using dialyzer reuse to 1,3,5,7. For the URR assessment, it has decreased and increased but is still in normal limits. The dializer reuse up to seven can still be said to be effective in accordance with the guidelines for the management of End-Stage Renal Disease. It is hoped that there will be studies investigating the factors that affect the total volume dilation of dialyser reuse.keywords : Hemodialysis, Dialyzer Reuse , Urea Reduction Ratio
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POLYMORPHISM IN CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN -4 GENE AND THE RISK OF RHEUMATOID ARITHRITIS IN IRAQI PATIENTS
Authors: A. A. Rawaa
Published: April 2022

CTLA4 is well known that it is expressed in activated T-lymphocyte, and can be distinguished in cancer phenomena as well as many chronic diseases. This study was designed aiming to find a correlation between CTLA-4 and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This research was  carried  out at Baghdad  Teaching  Hospital, Medical  City, Baghdad, Iraq. In this study, 245 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and 188 healthy volunteers' individuals (control group) were selected randomly. The diagnosis of the RA to both patients group and healthy individuals were characterized according to a certain protocols. The sequence of four (JO31, CT60, +49, and MH30 genotypes) were carried out using PCR-DGGE. The polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped for the control and the patients and the distribution of the genotypes was carried out according to HWE (P<0.05) for the two groups. The effect of two alleles on the susceptibility of RA, were investigated thoroughly, and there was a major association between the CT60, +49 alleles with the risk of RA (OR 1.43, 95%Cl (1.14-1.89), and the P-value 0.004 for CT60), while for +49 it was (OR 1.38, 95%Cl (1.04-1.77) and the P-value 0.009). There is a significant correlation between CTLA-4 genes and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and both CT60 and +49 can be the main reason for RA, while JO31 and MH30 are not associated with CTLA-4.
STABL ISOTOPES AND HYDROCHEMICAL PARAMETER AS INDICATORS OF AL-RAZZAZA LAKE WATER INTERACTION WITH GROUNDWATER SURROUNDING / KARBALA GOVERNORATE- IRAQ.
Authors: Nada K. B. , Salman M. S. , Harpy A. F , Ajeena A  R . , Falih A .H.
Published: April 2022

This research was aimed to study the exposure of Razzazah Lake  to major hydrological changes in recent years as a result of natural climatic changes  and  drought, high evaporation in lake due to stop discharge from Habbaniyah Lake  by Al- majera channel. During 2019, we collected surface water samples at three locations, and three samples from groundwater, in addition one samples from each location Imam Ali Drop and Sewage water  of Karbala. The Results  show that the heavy isotopes in lake and groundwater well are enriched during the warm period, and depleted during the cold period. Chemically, The dominant cations and anions in Al-Razzaza lake water are mainly of in Order  Ca > Na > Mg and  Cl>SO4 and the water type Ca-Chloride in both period.  according to the ratio of  Ca/Cl  concentration in water samples in the study area, it can be see that same ratio of Ca/Cl between Al-Razzaz lake water and W1 well, this indicator to the interaction between them.
EFFECT OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RUMEN FLUID AND SOME OF BLOOD VARIABLES IN ADULT AWASSI LAMLS
Authors: Shihab O. H. , Al-jumaily M. H.
Published: April 2022

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of adding different concentrations of yeast on some of rumen fluid traits and some blood characteristics in adult Awassi lambs. The study was conducted in the animal house at the College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Tikrit for the period from 15/7/2017 to 1/10/2017, using 16 Awassi lambs, aged (10 – 12 months), and an average weight of (36 kg)., The animals were divided into four groups, each one included four lambs. The first group was considered as control (T1), without the addition of bread yeast to their foods. The diets in the other groups, (T2), (T3) and (T4) contained the  yeast in the proportions of 3, 5 and 7 gm/ animal / days, respectively. Wheat straw was introduced as a free coarse feed as well as concentrated feed at 2.5% of weight, which is measured weekly for 75 days. The study showed no significant differences in the concentration of ammonia, volatile fatty acids and pH, measured after 1 and 3 hours with feed. While the pH was significant (P≤0.05) immediately after feeding, no significant differences were found in all studied blood characteristics except, which are the levels of cholesterol and total protein ,which was differ significantly (P≤0.05) .
The distributors’ view on US wine consumer preferences. A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Lourenço-Gomes Lina , Gonçalves Tânia , Rebelo João
Published: April 2022

This study explored the view that distributors have towards the most valued wine attributes by consumers in the US market, applying the discrete choice experiments technique. Furthermore, to explore the extent to which the distributors’ perspective may reflect consumers’ preferences, the results are analyzed considering previous evidence with consumers in the same market. The results from a scaled multinomial logit, mixed logit and generalized logit models reveal similarities with consumer studies’ findings, especially for the influence of medals/awards, the origin of the wine, grape variety, and price, and it also identifies possible trends in the market. This evidence suggests that data collected using the knowledge and experience of wine distributors generates valuable information through a smaller sample at a lower cost than through applying consumer surveys, which is relevant in large markets with a higher number of consumers.
A systematic review of attributes used in choice experiments for agri-environmental contracts
Authors: Raina Nidhi , Zavalloni Matteo , Targetti Stefano , D'Alberto Riccardo , Raggi Meri , Viaggi Davide
Published: April 2022

Contract attributes are strong motivators for eliciting farmers’ preferences for a particular agri-environmental scheme. Our study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to highlight the attributes used in choice experiment studies of agri-environmental schemes using the PRISMA framework. We obtained 34 studies for an in-depth review, through which we extracted 32 attributes that were classified into five typologies: ‘monetary’ (7 attributes), ‘general’ (4 attributes), ‘flexibility’ (6 attributes), ‘prescription’ (12 attributes), and ‘purpose’ (3 attributes). Though monetary attributes should theoretically define farmers’ choices; general design and flexibility attributes are more critical for farmers’ participation and willingness to accept. The study also discusses the lesser-used attributes that could be potentially explored in future studies. Thus, our review can be used as a reference by future AES studies to select their bundle of choice attributes and test with a broader range of attributes in their choice experiments.
Studi Meta Analisis: Faktor Risiko Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Pergaulan Teman Sebaya Terhadap Perilaku Seksual Remaja
Authors: Anindya Ajrine , Indawati Rachmah
Published: April 2022

Latar Belakang: Pada masa remaja terjadi berbagai perubahan baik secara fisik, biologis, dan psikologis. Apabila remaja tidak siap menghadapi perubahan, permasalahan yang bisa terjadi salah satunya adalah perilaku seksual berisiko. Laporan hasil studi terdahulu menyatakan pengetahuan, sikap, dan pergaulan teman sebaya berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seksual.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur risiko pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi, sikap, dan pergaulan teman sebaya terhadap perilaku seksual remaja.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode meta-analisis. Pencarian artikel studi melalui dua database pengindeks yaituGoogle scholar dan GARUDA. Penelusuran menggunakan kata kunci memperoleh 20 artikel yang memenuhi syarat dalam rentang 2015–2021. Data dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program(JASP). Ukuran efek yang digunakan adalah odds ratio.Hasil: Variasi antar penelitian bersifat heterogen. Melalui random effect model, diperoleh hasil yaitu ada pengaruh antara pengetahuan terhadap perilaku seksual remaja dengan efek gabungan OR=6,43 (95%CI 3,49;9,37), ada pengaruh antara sikap terhadap perilaku seksual remaja dengan efek gabungan OR=3,14 (95%CI 2,09;4,19), dan tidak ada pengaruh antara pergaulan teman sebaya terhadap perilaku seksual dengan efek gabungan OR=5,07 (95%CI 0,90;9,32). Kesimpulan: Dalam melakukan pencegahan perilaku seksual berisiko, diperlukan beberapa tindakan intervensi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi serta dukungan orang tua dan lingkungan untuk membentuk sikap remaja sejak dini.
Tinjauan Kelengkapan Dokumen Rekam Medis pada Fungsi Assembling di Rumah Sakit AR Bunda Prabumulih
Authors: Adhytama Saputra , Yunengsih Yuyun
Published: April 2022

Latar Belakang: Dokumen rekam medis merupakan bagian dari bukti hukum dalam undang-undang. Tenaga medis dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya wajib melengkapi rekam medis sebagai alat bukti yang baik pada saat memberikan pelayanan atau pengobatan kesehatan kepada pasien.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kelengkapan dokumen rekam medis pada fungsi assembling di RS AR Bunda Prabumulih tahun 2021.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, melihat hasil observasi pengembalian dokumen rekam medis bulan Juni 2021 di RS AR Bunda Prabumulih yang tidak lengkap dengan analisis kualitatif. Informasi atau responden penelitian ini adalah 2 (dua) orang petugas assembling di unit rekam medis RS AR Bunda Prabumulih.
Hasil: Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara, disimpulkan bahwa ketidaklengkapan dokumen rekam medis disebabkan oleh kurangnya disiplin dokter dan petugas ruang rawat inap dalam pengisian dokumen rekam medis, kurangnya evaluasi dokumen rekam medis dan tidak adanya reward and punishment kepada petugas untuk pengisian dokumen rekam medis dan dari sejumlah 1043 dokumen rekam medis yang belum dikembalikan sebanyak 106 dokumen rekam medis masih belum lengkap.
Kesimpulan: Sesuai hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kurangnya kedisiplinan Dokter dan petugas ruang rawat inap untuk mengisi dokumen rekam medis, kurangnya evaluasi dari pihak manajemen rumah sakit dalam mengevaluasi dokumen-dokumen rekam medis apa saja yang kurang lengkap, terkait kurang lengkapnya dokumen rekam medis di rumah sakit AR Bunda perlu adanya reward dan punishment kepada petugas untuk mengisi dokumen rekam medis.
Analisis Pemusnahan Rekam Medis Rawat Jalan Puskesmas Haurngombong Sumedang Tahun 2021
Authors: Irpansyah Fikri , Hidayati Meira
Published: April 2022

Latar Belakang: Berkas rekam medis harus dimusnahkan, hal ini dikarenakan jumlah berkas rekam medis di puskesmas terus bertambah sehingga ruang penyimpananakan penuh dan tidak mencukupi lagi untuk berkas yang baru. Pemusnahan berkas rekam medis adalah salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh pihak puskesmas dengan tujuan mengurangi penumpukan berkas rekam medis di ruang penyimpanan.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pemusnahan berkas rekam medis di puskesmas Haurngombong.
Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki, menemukan, dan menggambarkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara, pengamatan dan pemanfaatan berkas rekam medis.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian di puskesmas Haurngombong terdapat 4 rak penyimpanan dan terletak di belakang pendaftaran, pelaksanaan pemusnahan di puskesmas Haurngombong dilakukan setiap 5 tahun sekali dan ketika pemusnahan belum terdapat surat perintah pemusnahan dan berita acara pemusnahan. Upaya penyelesaian permasalahan yaitu memperbaiki Standar Prosedur Operasiol (SPO) dengan mengadakan surat perintah dari kepala puskesmas dan berita acara pemusnahan.
Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil wawancara terhadap petugas puskesmas sudah dilakukan pemusnahan terhadap berkas rekam medis medis setiap 5 tahun sekali dengan cara dibakar dan dengan penghancur kertas namun belum sesuai dengan system pemusnahan menurut Permenkes RI No.269/MENKES/Per/III/2008, karna semua berkas dimusnahkan dengan cara dibakar tanpa sesuai dengan prosedur pemusnahan.
Faktor Keterlambatan Distribusi Rekam Medis Rawat Jalan dengan Metode Fishbone di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Prabumulih
Authors: Mistrati Isro , Agustina Indah
Published: April 2022

Latar Belakang: Guna mencapai tujuan pelayanan kesehatan optimal perlu adanya sistem yang baik sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan di Rumah Sakit. Optimalnya kualitas pelayanan kesehatan salah satunya dapat dilihat dari ketepatan waktu pendistribusian rekam medis. namun beberapa hal dapat membuat penditribusian  rekam medis menjadi terlambat.
Tujuan:  Menganalisis faktor keterlambatan distribusi rekam medis rawat jalan dengan metode Fishbone di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Prabumulih.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menganalisa di ruang penyimpanan menggunakan diagram fishbone dengan melihat dari beberapa komponen yaitu Manusia (Man Power), Metode (Methods), Mesin (Machine), Material (Materials) dan Inspeksi (Measurment). Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu kunjungan perhari pasien rawat jalan sebanyak 196 pasien dan sampel yang diambil yaitu 100 rekam medis.
Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan faktor utama penyebab keterlambatan distribusi karena petugas distribusi hanya 1 orang, dan berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya oleh Yuni Marliani pada bulan Agustus 2020 bahwa penyebab lainnya karena fasilitas ruang penyimpanan kurang memadai sehingga memperlambat petugas dalam pengambilan rekam medis di lemari penyimpanan. Adapun waktu rata-rata distribusi rekam medis pada pasien lama secara keseluruhan adalah 14 menit 31 detik sedangkan waktu rata-rata pasien baru secara keseluruhan adalah 13 menit 15 detik.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak cukupnya petugas di bagian distribusi rekam medis, belum ada  komputer di ruang filling, belum terlaksananya rekam medis elektronik, belum ada kebijakan untuk memberi reward and punishment kepada petugas yang terkait, Rapat komite medis tidak pernah membahas masalah yang ada di unit Rekam Medis mengenai pendistribusian rekam medis rawat jalan.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena Leucocephala) Terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus dengan Metode Dilusi
Authors: Al Alim Muhammad Khafidin , Purwanta Marijam , Setiawati Yuani
Published: April 2022

Latar Belakang: Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) merupakan tumbuhan yang umum di indonesia. Tanaman ini selain bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan, daunnya juga sering dipakai masyarakat indonesia sebagai obat luka atau memar. Salah satu bakteri yang umumnya terdapat dalam luka adalah Staphylococcus aureus. Oleh karena itu, peneliti menduga bahwa ekstrak daun lamtoro memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri daun lamtoro terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dengan metode dilusi.

Metode: Ekstrak kental lamtoro dibuatkan seri pengenceran pada medium cair. Bakteri uji kemudian ditambahkan dengan proporsi yang sama pada setiap tabung. Tabung dengan konsentrasi ekstrak terendah yang masih terlihat jernih ditetapkan sebagai KHM. Selanjutnya dilakukan streaking pada media biakan. Setelah inkubasi, media dengan konsentrasi terendah yang tidak didapati pertumbuhan koloni ditetapkan sebagai KBM.

Hasil: Kekeruhan yang disebabkan ekstrak tidak dapat dibedakan dengan kekeruhan yang disebabkan bakteri, sehingga KHM tidak dapat ditentukan. Dari hasil kultur, didapatkan pertumbuhan koloni pada seluruh media biakan, sehingga KBM juga tidak dapat ditentukan. Hasil hitung koloni menghasilkan bahwa ekstrak tidak membunuh bakteri namun masih dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri tersebut paling optimal pada konsentrasi 125 mg/mL dan 62,5 mg/mL.

Kesimpulan: KHM dan KBM ekstrak daun lamtoro terhadap Staphylococcus aureus pada penelitian ini tidak dapat ditentukan. Ekstrak lamtoro tidak membunuh Staphylococcus aureus, namun masih dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri tersebut, paling optimal pada konsentrasi 125 mg/mL dan 62,5 mg/mL.
Evaluasi Perencanaan dan Pengadaan Kebutuhan Obat Terhadap Ketersediaan Obat di Apotek Cicaheum Farma
Authors: Khaerunnisa Anti , Adriansyah Moh. Rizky
Published: April 2022

The vacancy of drug supply in each health unit is a component of a complex problem. Therefore, an effective and efficient drug management is needed. One of the effective drug management processes is to ensure the availability of drugs, both in terms of the right types and quantities according to needs, so as to avoid drug shortages and excesses. This study aims to evaluate the process of planning and procurement of drugs at the CicaheumFarma Pharmacy. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method with data collection techniques through interviews and checklists to the CicaheumFarma Pharmacy. Based on the research, it shows that the planning and procurement process at the CicaheumFarma Pharmacy has not gone well because the procurement process that has been running so far is only based on estimates of selling power, causing a shortage of drug supplies. The conclusion from interviews with the owner and employees as well as the results of the checklist to anticipate the occurrence of vacancies in drug supplies at the CicaheumFarma Pharmacy that the owner will change the planning and procurement process system for drugs to be better in the future.
Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Jepang untuk Mahasiswa Program Studi Bahasa Jepang di Universitas Diponegoro Saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Alfarisy Fitri , Zakiyah T Raisatul , Rahmawati Suci , Marsela Nadytha
Published: April 2022

Latar Belakang: Prestasi belajar bahasa Jepang pada saat pandemi COVID-19 dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dengan kaitan proses belajar mengajar diantara lain adalah motivasi belajar dan metode pembelajaran
Tujuan: Untuk dapat mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran dengan motivasi belajar maka diperlukan penelitian agar diperoleh jawaban yang akurat.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah melalui wawancara
Hasil: Motivasi belajar bahasa Jepang di SMK Universitas Diponegoro. Dalam hal ini motivasi sangat dibutuhkan untuk memotivasi siswa untuk belajar karena motivasi merupakan aspek penting keberhasilan siswa. Tentunya berdasarkan keberhasilan siswa, sebelum menerima hambatan dan tantangan belajar di masa pandemi. Kendala tersebut datang dari berbagai bentuk, seperti kendala jaringan, maupun kendala dari kondisi keluarga siswa. Sementara itu, kendala yang ditimbulkan oleh siswa sendiri adalah kurangnya kesadaran untuk mengikuti pembelajaran online.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian pendahuluan yang akan berfokus pada bagaimana motivasi belajar bahasa Jepang mahasiswa Program Studi konsentrasi bahasa Jepang di Universitas Diponegoro.
Analysis of AC-DC Load Flow using G-S Approach
Authors: Muralidharan Reshma , Ramachandran Rajeswari , Subham G. Tekeshwar , Kandasamy Jeevitha
Published: April 2022

This study offers an approach for determining power flow in an AC system with HVDC link. For AC/DC systems, an unadorned and sound approach for sequential method with modified Gauss Seidel load flow is devised. The conventional technique for solving AC-DC load flow is a simultaneous technique in which the computation burden exists. This leads to the power flow analysis using sequential technique. This technique is based on the implementation of node infusion concept to every bus. The Direct Current system is influenced by the power injected into the buses to which it is linked. The constraints of both the systems are linked by iterations between Alternating Current and Direct Current load flow algorithms. With each iteration of the algorithm of this technique, the connection between the Alternating Current and Direct Current equations of the real and reactive powers at the rectifier buses and also the Alternating Current voltages at the rectifier buses, are used. The devised algorithm to solve 5 bus and 30 bus systems has been run and results are obtained desirably.
Understanding and Regulating Twenty-First Century Payment Systems: The Ripple Case Study
Authors: Rosner Marcel , Kang Andrew
Published: April 2022

Ripple is an open-source Internet software that enables users to conduct payments across national boundaries in multiple currencies as seamlessly as sending an email. This decentralized Internet payment protocol could provide a cure to an inefficient cross-border payments system. Although Ripple’s technology can reduce significant risks and costs that exist in the international payments system, regulators should adopt a new regulatory framework that responds to how this technology works. This Note performs two functions to help regulators realize this goal. It first helps regulators and other market participants understand how Ripple operates by explaining what Ripple is and comparing it to current payments systems. Second, it suggests a series of principles that regulators should use to monitor decentralized Internet payment protocols like Ripple. It does this by drawing from and tailoring existing regulatory principles to account for the risks reduced and presented by Ripple.
Judging Judicial Elections
Authors: Kang Michael , Shepherd Joanna
Published: April 2022

Melinda Gann Hall’s new book Attacking Judges: How Campaign Advertising Influences State Supreme Court Elections suggests what seems impossible to many of us—a powerful defense of today’s partisan judicial elections. As judicial races hit new levels of campaign spending and television advertising, there has been a flood of criticism about the increasing partisanship, negativity, and role of money. In view of the “corrosive effect of money on judicial election campaigns” and “attack advertising,” the American Bar Association (ABA) recommends against judicial elections, which are currently used to select roughly 90 percent of state judges. Justice O’Connor, who has championed judicial-election reform since her retirement from the Supreme Court, warns that “there are many who think of judges as politicians in robes” and agrees “[i]n many states, that’s what they are.” Melinda Gann Hall, a political scientist and authority on judicial behavior, sets out in her book to challenge some of these claims.
In Praise of Law Books and Law Reviews (And Jargon-Filled Academic Writing)
Authors: Sunstein Cass
Published: April 2022

Many people, including many lawyers and judges, disparage law reviews and the books that sometimes result from them on the ground that they often deal with abstruse topics, of little interest to the bar, and are sometimes full of jargon, including excessively academic and impenetrable writing. Some of the objections are warranted, but at their best, law books and law reviews show a high level of rigor, discipline, and care; they have a kind of internal morality. What might seem to be jargon is often a product of specialization, similar to what is observed in other fields (such as economics, psychology, and philosophy). Much academic writing in law is not intended for the bar, at least not in the short-term, but that is not a problem. Such writing is meant to add to the stock of knowledge. If it succeeds, it can have significant long-term effects, potentially affecting what everyone takes to be “common sense.”
Foreword: The Books of Justices
Authors: Greenhouse Linda
Published: April 2022

For this Michigan Law Review issue devoted to recently published books about law, I thought it would be interesting to see what books made an appearance in the past year’s work of the Supreme Court. I catalogued every citation to every book in those forty opinions in order to see what patterns emerged: what books the justices cited, which justices cited which books, and what use they made of the citations. To begin with, I should define what I mean by “books". For the purposes of this Foreword, I excluded some types of reading matter that may have a book-like appearance or that others might view as a book: government reports and statistical compilations, including the Federal Sentencing Guidelines; the Model Penal Code; the Congressional Record; the Federal Register; and other current compilations of statutes or regulatory codes. (I include some older compilations as primary source material, e.g., a volume of the Vermont State Papers 1779– 1786, published in 1823 and cited by Chief Justice Roberts.) I also excluded monographs, databases, and reference materials residing entirely on the Internet.
Private Rights and Private Wrongs
Authors: Gold Andrew
Published: April 2022

Review of Private Wrongs by Arthur Ripstein.
Government Deficits and Interest Rates: A Keynesian View
Authors:   Brett Palatiello is at Ridgewood Analytica, email: bmpalatiello@ridgewoodanalytica.com, Palatiello Brett , Pinkington Philip ,   Brett Palatiello is at Ridgewood Analytica, email: bmpalatielPhilip Pilkington is at Savenay Advisers, email: pilkingtonphil@gmail.com
Published: April 2022

We test the neoclassical loanable funds model which postulates that, ceteris paribus, government borrowing increases the long-term rate of interest. The empirical literature exploring such a connection remains largely mixed. We clarify the conflicting results by deploying an ARDL model to decompose the relationship in the United States into long and short-run effects across multiple measures of the government deficit and long-term interest rate. We find a tendency for changes in the deficit to increase long-term interest rates in the short run but the effect is reversed in the long run. We argue that these results are consistent with John Maynard Keynes’ view of the long-term rate as being heavily influenced by monetary policy, central bank credibility and market convention.
CTLA-4 POLYMORPHISM ALONG WITH PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS DISEASE
Authors: Hasan Ghazwan A. , Altamemi Ibrahim A.
Published: April 2022

The aim: Evaluating serum concentration of IL-17 and IL-23 in autoimmune thyroiditis patient and control group along with the role of CTLA-4 rs3087243 gene polymorphism.
Materials and methods: A case control study was conducted in 30 HT (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), 30 GD (Graves’ disease) who attended the consultant clinic for thyroiditis in AL-Diwaniyah teaching hospital and in 30 people as control group. Blood samples were processed for measurement of serum IL-17 and IL-23 using ELISA test. The second part used for DNA extraction then CTLA-4 polymorphism was detected by Allele – specific PCR assay.
Results: The level of IL-17, and IL23 was highest in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, followed by control group and the difference was highly significant (p< 0.001; p< 0.001) respectively; however, the difference between patients Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and patients with Graves’ disease was not significant (p > 0.05; p > 0.05) respectively. There was no significant association between rs3087243 gene polymorphism and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (p> 0.05), no significant association between rs3087243 gene polymorphism and Graves’ disease (p> 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in rs3087243 genotypes frequencies between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease (p> 0.05).
Conclusions: Serum IL-17 and IL-23 level have been linked with autoimmune thyroiditis disease, while CTLA-4 rs3087243 polymorphism seem to have no role in disease susceptibility in Iraqi population.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIABETIC GLOSSITIS
Authors: Zhurakivska Oksana Y. , Atamanchuk Oksana V.
Published: April 2022

The aim: To identify characteristic features of structural change of the dorsal part of the mucous membrane of the tongue (MMT) in experimental streptozotocin-induced diabetes (ESID).
Materials and methods: The study included 20 adult white male rats of Vistar line (body weight 180-200 g), which were equally divided into 2 groups: experimental (simulated streptozotocin diabetes mellitus) and control ones
Results: 8 weeks after the beginning of ESID modeling, the changes in MMT are particularly pronounced. A large number of lamellar structures and keratin conglomerates are found on the surface of MMT. This phenomenon is closely correlated (r=0.70) with a decrease in the absorption capacity of superficial epitheliocytes and an increase in the number of heterogeneous microflora on the impression smear with low activity of leukocyte elements. The number of epitheliocytes of differentiation stages I-III continues to increase, and the number of epitheliocytes of differentiation stages IV-VI diminishes, which leads to a significant decrease in the index of cell differentiation and an increase in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Such changes in MMT impression smears indicate active processes of epithelial desquamation with increasing duration of ESID.
Conclusions: Thus, the morphological changes of MMT in ESID are characterized by a diverse combination of atrophic and hyperplastic processes, resulting in uneven thickening of multilayered squamous epithelium. There are pronounced dystrophic changes in the epitheliocytes of the stratum corneum (dyskeratosis, parakeratosis) in the area of the taste buds. All areas of MMT are inflamed which indicates the development of diabetic glossitis.
EFFECT OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATE IN DENERVATION-INDUCED SKELETAL MUSCLE ATROPHY
Authors: Lysak Andrii , Savosko Serhii , Strafun Sergii , Utko Natalie , Makarenko Olexandr
Published: April 2022

The aim: To evaluate muscle changes after sciatic nerve damage with the injection of bone marrow aspirate cells.
Materials and methods: 36 rabbits underwent sciatic nerve cross-section and neuroraphy, bone marrow aspirate cells were injected directly or 7 weeks after neuroraphy. Changes in skeletal muscle morphology (photomicrographs of histological sections were analyzed for morphometric analysis of collagen region, quantitative analysis of conducted collagen density and measurement of muscle fibers diameter) and biochemical parameters (catalase activity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase measurements and level of TBARS was determined) at 8, 12, and 16 weeks were examined.
Results: There is atrophy of muscle fibers in denervated muscles, and it has a negative tendency between 8 and 12 weeks. Delayed bone marrow aspirate cells injection into the muscles at 7 week – delayed atrophy and formation of TBA reactive substances. But bone marrow aspirate cells injection into the muscles directly after neuroraphy increased collagen formation, and development of fibrosis in areas of atrophy.
Conclusions: Sciatic nerve injury results in atrophy of muscle tissue, which is partially delayed after delayed bone marrow aspirate cells injection at week 7. Muscle atrophy was characterized by a sharp increase in TBARS levels at 12 and 16 weeks and catalase activity at 12 weeks, and changes in biochemical parameters were partially normalized after the use of cell aspirates, to a greater extent with delayed injection.
POSSIBILITIES OF METABOLIC AND FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS CORRECTION IN OSTEOARTHRITIS WITH COMPLEX COMORBIDITY
Authors: Halabitska Iryna M. , Babinets Liliya S. , Vysotskyi Volodymyr I.
Published: April 2022

The aim: To assess the impact of complex metabolic therapy of primary osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus under conditions of comorbidity on the course and progression of these pathologies. Patients with comorbidities of primary osteoarthritis and diabetes mellitus are a special group of patients because the importance of these comorbidities is the additional difficulty in diagnosing and conducting adequate therapy, given the close etiopathogenetic links of these conditions, which leads to poor quality of life, increased costs of diagnosis and treatment, increasing the frequency and duration of hospital stay.
Materials and methods: We examined 67 patients with primary osteoarthritis in comorbidity with diabetes mellitus. Patients were comparable by clinical, gender criteria, the severity of primary osteoarthritis, and treatment received and were divided into two groups: 1st group (n=32) - patients received treatment for OA and diabetes mellitus in accordance with international recommendations; 2nd group (n=35) - patients received treatment as in group 1 + drug alpha-lipoic acid. Determination of the level of the studied parameters was performed before and after treatment.
Results: The analysis of the obtained results revealed statistically significant positive dynamics after treatment for symptoms of primary osteoarthritis in both study groups of patients (p<0.05), but the therapeutic effect in the 2nd group was more significant (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant positive dynamics on the scale of VAS at rest and movement (p<0,05), WOMAC index for pain, stiffness, and functional insufficiency (p<0,05), and Leken index in the 2nd group after treatment compared with the 1st (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The obtained results indicate a statistically significant positive effect of alpha-lipoic acid on the course and progression of primary osteoarthritis under conditions of comorbidity with diabetes mellitus.
FUNCTIONING OF NO-CYCLE IN THE ORAL FLUID IN CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS
Authors: Sheshukova Olga V. , Kuz Iryna O. , Kostenko Vitalii O. , Akimov Oleg Ye. , Maksymenko Alina I. , Pysarenko Olena A. , Lyakhova Natalia A.
Published: April 2022

The aim: To determine the activity of NO-synthase and arginase in oral fluid in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment scheme we elaborated in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis.
Materials and methods: 82 children were examined, they were divided into groups by presence of gingivitis and diabetes mellitus. NO-synthase (NOS) activity was determined in oral fluid by the difference in nitrite concentration before and after incubation. The arginase activity was determined in oral fluid by the difference in the concentration of L-ornithine before and after incubation.
Results: Use our treatment scheme in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus lead to a change in the polarization of oral macrophages towards the predominance of M2 polarization in 1 month. The polarization of macrophages changed to the predominance of M1 polarization activity in 1 year.
Conclusions: We have elaborated a scheme for the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It normalizes the polarization of oral macrophages caused by exposure to chronic catarrhal gingivitis as a local pathogenetic factor.