bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Structural Family Therapy with a Mexican-American Family with Children with Disabilities: A Case Study of a Single-Parent Mother
Authors: Becerra Michael D. , Michael-Makri Stella
Published: June 2019

An illustration of one Mexican-American family headed by a single-parent mother is explored to depict the application of Structural Family Therapy. Familism and marianismo are examined as factors impacting healthy family functioning of Mexican and Mexican-American families. Interventions used with the family were joining, structural mapping, enactment and addressing disability and medical related concerns. Learning to create healthy boundaries between parent and children, addressing maternal depression and family economic stressors, and nurturing sibling relationships were areas that impacted this family. Further research is suggested into the application of Structural Family Therapy as a model when working with Mexican and Mexican-American families who have a child with a disability.
Vocational Experiences of College-Educated Individuals with Visual Impairments
Authors: Joseph Mary-Anne M. , Robinson Mona
Published: June 2019

This article describes the vocational experiences of college-educated individuals with visual impairments (VI). The participants were 16 college graduates and college students with VI, ages 19-55 years. The data were derived from qualitative research of phenomenological case studies and focused on six primary themes: (a) employers' lack of knowledge about VI (b) the need for self-advocacy, (c) benefits and limitations of working in companies with primarily VI populations, (d) lack of work experience, (e) barriers posed by inaccessible technology, and (f) barriers related to lack of transportation. The results indicated that improvements in the following areas are vital to increase the vocational success of college-educated individuals with VI: (a) employers' education about visual impairment, (b) improved self-advocacy skills, (c) higher levels of vocational experience, and (d) improved access to technology and transportation.
Professional Bereavement: A Qualitative Examination of Rehabilitation Counselors in Grief
Authors: Davis Alan , Saladin Shawn , Hansmann Sandy , Velgersdyk Nicole
Published: June 2019

This article describes qualitative research related to rehabilitation counselor bereavement. Nine rehabilitation counselors who had experienced the death of a client volunteered to participate in structured interviews. The results were transcribed, analyzed, and found to contain six major themes. The themes were (a) profound impact, (b) self-questioning, (c) need for support, (d) questions regarding etiquette, (e) counselor preparation for the death of a client, and (f) need for self-care. Participants also offered suggestions for rehabilitation educators and administrators of State-Federal vocational rehabilitation programs.
Coordination in Transition Planning: The IEP/IPE Interface
Authors: Steere Daniel , DiPipi-Hoy Caroline
Published: June 2019

Effective planning for the transition of students with disabilities from school to adulthood requires coordination and collaboration among special education personnel, families, students, and adult service agency representatives. The state vocational rehabilitation agency is among the most important adult service entities that collaborate with schools for planning purposes. The special education and vocational rehabilitation systems, however, have different planning documents to guide service delivery. This article addresses the connection between the transition Individualized Education Program (IEP) and the Individualized Plan for Employment (IPE). The components of each planning document and how they should interfacefor students in transition are reviewed. In addition, the role of the Summary of Performance (SOP) document as a connection between the IEP and IPE is discussed. Finally, challenges to effective coordination between these planning documents are addressed.
Applying a Resiliency Model to Community Reintegration and Needs in Families with Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Dillahunt -Aspillaga Christina , Agonis-Frain Julianne , Hanson Ardis , Frain Michael , Sosinski Melanie , Ehlke Sarah
Published: June 2019

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBl) is complex and unique, encompassing a myriad of challenges for the person with the injury, rehabilitation counselors, and the survivor's family and friends. The challenges can affect work and family reintegration. Sustaining a TBI can result in familial strain as it affects the role and function of the individual with TBI in the family. Manifestations can include financial, psychological, and caregiver-related stress. Since individual andfamily coping mechanisms interrelate, it is important for rehabilitation counselors to appreciate theoretical constructs offamily resiliency. This article explores the rehabilitation counselor's need to assess the connectedness of family resiliency and community reintegration outcomes in persons with TBl; it also underscores the importance of evaluating family-inclusive rehabilitative interventions.
Animal-Assisted Therapy for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Vincent Brooke , Kropp Caley , Byrne Andrew M.
Published: June 2019

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) occurs as a result of alcohol consumption by a woman during pregnancy. Infants with FASD may have lifelong cognitive, behavioral, physical, or learning disabilities as a result. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a type of goal-oriented therapy for improving social, emotional, cognitive, and physical functioning. The use of animal-assisted therapy has been found effective in the treatment of some disabilities; however there is a paucity of literature addressing this therapy for individuals with FASD. This article provides rehabilitation counselors with an overview of FASD, followed by a review of AAT, and then an application of AAT to developmental disabilities and more specifically to FASD.
Disability, Race and Ex-Offender Status: The Tri-vector Challenge to Employment
Authors: Feist-Price Sonja , Lavergne Lisa , Davis Michelle
Published: June 2019

Racial minority populations consistently make up the largest percentage of individuals incarcerated in the criminal justice system. A significant number of inmates have one or more mental and physical disabilities. To fully understand the intersection between race, disability and incarceration, we must explore the genesis of criminal behavior, which often begins during secondary school years and continue into adulthood. Researchers have begun a discourse on this issue called the school to prison pipeline. Thus, resources to minimize recidivism are of utmost importance. Obtaining education and job skills while incarcerated positively impact ex-offenders' ability to obtain and maintain employment following their release from prison. Additionally, securing employment significantly diminishes the rate of recidivism. However, proper attention and resources are required for persons with disabling conditions. This article will address the rate of incarceration among persons with disabilities by giving particular attention to race, recidivism, education, and resources.
Boundaries with Social Media: Ethical Considerations for Rehabilitation Professionals
Authors: Crtalic Ashley K. , Gibbs Reg L. , Sprong Matthew E. , Dell Tom F.
Published: June 2019

The increase in social networking media, online and distance counseling, and the ubiquitous use of laptops, hand-held devices, and internet connected devices at home and in work settings have resulted in the need for ethical standards to help guide rehabilitation professionals in service delivery. In response, the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) has incorporated Section J: Technology and Distance Counseling into the CRCC Code of Ethics. Additionally, the CRCC released a social media policy on their website. However, specific ethical standards addressing the use of social media have not been implemented. The purpose of this manuscript is to address potential issues that can arise in interacting with clients through social media. Specifically, we will discuss the following areas: (1) digital immigrants and natives, (2) social media mechanics, (3) advantages of using social media, (4) disadvantages of using social media, (5) social media and the CRCC Code of Ethics, (6) using social media professionally, privately, or not at all, and (7) implementing a social media policy. Discussion and recommendations are provided.
Career and Technical Education, Work Study, & School Supervised Work: How Do They Impact Employment/or Students with Disabilities?
Authors: Daviso Alfred W. , Baer Robert M. , Flexer Robert W. , Meindl Richard
Published: June 2019

The researchers examined whether three predictors of post-school employment outcomes identified by the National Secondary Transition Technical Assistance Center (NSTTA C, 20 J 3) remained significant for five subgroups of students with: (a) learning disabilities, (b) intellectual disabilities, (c) multiple disabilities, (d) emotional disabilities, and (e) other health impairments. The three predictors used in this study were: (a) vocational (career and technical) education, (b) work study, and (c) school-supervised community work while in high school. The researchers conducted a secondary analysis on a sample of5,307 youth with disabilities, of which 4,952 fell into one of the five disability subgroups used in this analysis. The authors found that competitive employment after graduation was predicted by career and technical education and work-study for students with other health impairments and learning disabilities and by school-supervised work experiences for students with multiple disabilities.
Positive Psychology and Hope as Means to Recovery from Mental Illness
Authors: Park Jinhee , Chen Roy K.
Published: June 2019

The field of psychiatric rehabilitation has seen a paradigm shift in its perceptions of symptom reduction, recovery, and restoration of personal-growth and -development. Recovery is subjective in nature, as no two individuals achieve identical rehabilitation outcomes; the process is dynamic and influenced by an array of personal and environmental factors, all of which can facilitate a deeply personal, unique progression that changes one's attitudes, values, feelings, goals, skills, and roles. The concept of positive psychology is relevant to the perception from mental illness. Positive psychology seeks to understand what makes life worth living and encourages the use of mental strengths that reside in every human to confront challenges and create meaningful life experiences. Among the constructs of positive psychology, hope is one the most important concerning recovery, as it is directly tied to whether one believes that one's recovery is feasible. Having a sense of hope can enhance one's motivation to engage in the recovery process. The application of positive psychology, especially the concept of hope and recovery-oriented interventions in real-life rehabilitation settings can enormously benefit the well-being of people with mental illness.
Assessing Community Functioning and Independent Living Skills of Individuals with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Sánchez Jennifer , Chan Fong , Yaghmaian Rana , Johnson Ebonee T. , Pfaller Joseph S. , Umucu Emre
Published: June 2019

Background: Community integration and participation are important predictors of successful rehabilitation and recovery in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). However, individuals with SMI still experience considerable psychosocial barriers to meaningful participation in social, community, civic, and daily living activities. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and validate a revised version of the Independent Living Skills Survey-Self-Report (ILSS-SR), the R-ILSS-SR, for use by rehabilitation researchers and practitioners in psychiatric rehabilitation settings. Method: One hundred ninety-four individuals with SMI were recruited from four mental health agencies in two states in the Midwestern and Southern United States. Factorial validity of the R-ILSS-SR was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Findings: Principal components analysis of the R-ILSS-SR yielded a four-factor measurement structure (self-care, home maintenance, and health maintenance; meaningful activity/work; transportation; and job maintenance). R-ILSS-SR subscales also correlated with known predictors of community participation in the expected directions. Conclusions: This study validated the R-ILSS-SR as a measure of community participation in a sample of adults with SMI. The ILSS-SR is the only measure of community participation specifically developed and validated for adults with SMI. Given that community participation is an integral aspect of recovery for adults with SMI, the R-ILSS-SR can be used to assess participation in psychiatric rehabilitation research and practice.
Exploring the Impact of Substance Use, Culture, and Trauma on American Indian Adolescents
Authors: Paul Teresia M. , Lusk Stephanie L. , Becton Alicia Brown , Glade Rachel
Published: June 2019

There are several challenges adolescents face on a daily basis, and this is particularly true for American Indian adolescents, where rates of substance use and trauma are high. Due to the significant gaps in research focusing on American Indian adolescents and client-centered interventions, it is difficult to determine what might serve as the best format for providing services. Furthermore, cultural identity can play a major role for American Indian adolescents receiving treatment for substance use and cooccurring disorders. Research has proven that incorporating culturally- and trauma-specific interventions into the treatment milieu can decrease the potential for relapse. However, understanding the complexities of substance use, cultural identity, and trauma for American Indian adolescents can be a daunting task for many rehabilitation professionals. This article explores the impact of substance use, culture, and trauma on the lives of American Indian adolescents and implications for rehabilitation professionals when working with AI clients/consumers. Gaining an understanding regarding how substance use, culture, and trauma affect the lives of American Indian adolescents is vital for the development of culturallyrelevant and appropriate interventions.
Exploring the Costs of Providing Assistive Technology as a Reasonable Accommodation
Authors: Simpson Elisabeth B. , Loy Beth , Hartnett Helen P.
Published: June 2019

The provision of assistive technology (AT) as an accommodation is often associated with a cost. Employer concerns about the cost of providing AT can be a barrier for individuals with disabilities (IWD) who are seeking employment. Rehabilitation counselors & students should be prepared to address employer concerns regarding the cost of an accommodation in order to facilitate successful job placement and/or retention of IWD. This study evaluated the average cost of providing AT in the workplace compared to the average cost of providing other types of accommodations, as reported to the Job Accommodation Network (JAN) by employers. Results of this study show that there is no significant difference in the cost of providing AT in comparison to the cost of providing other types of accommodations (N=72). Rehabilitation professionals can use this information when exploring strategies for negotiating for the use of assistive technology by consumers as an accommodation.
Rehabilitation Needs of Refugees with Disabilities in the United States: Implications for Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Kinyanjui Benson , Umeasiegbu Veronica I. , Bishop Malachy L.
Published: June 2019

The global instability caused by natural and human-made disasters has resulted in increased numbers of refugees who seek shelter in other countries. The United States admits refugees and provides services that enable these refugees to resettle in a new environment. Among these refugees are individuals with various disabilities who require specialized rehabilitation services. This paper reviews the challenges faced by refugees with disabilities before, during and after their resettlement in the US and explores how counselors can better serve this population in order to facilitate more effective and timely integration into American society. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Advancing Rehabilitation Counseling: Leadership, Research, and Positioning the Profession in 2018 and Beyond
Authors: Lewis Allen N.
Published: June 2019

At 100 years old, rehabilitation counseling (RC) must think systematically about its advancement going forward. Given the increasing demands that professions face these days, it behooves rehabilitation counseling to consider and plan for its sustained viability. This discussion offers the three strategies of leadership, research, and positioning of the profession that if embraced could render rehabilitation counseling (RC) nimble, able to reinvent itself, and relevant over time. For leadership, it is recommended that rehabilitation counseling (RC) embrace Transformational leadership combined with several specific leadership skills. Research should involve using strategic research deployment to target research efforts in a way to advance the rigor of the science and the status of the evidence base. RC also needs to think intentionally about positioning itself, capitalizing on its unique niche and attributes to expand its relevance and influence. Together, leadership, research and positioning could have a positive impact on the profession in 2018 and beyond.
Rehabilitation Counseling Practice in State Vocational Rehabilitation and the Effect of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA)
Authors: Chan Fong , Tansey Timothy N. , Chronister Julie , McMahon Brian T. , Iwanaga Kanako , Wu Jia-Rung , Chen Xiangli , Lee Beatrice , Bengtson Kevin , Umucu Emre , Flowers Susan , Moser Erin
Published: June 2019

Purpose: This article includes a study that sheds light on the implications of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunities Act (WIOA) mandated VR knowledge and skills requirements for VR counselors in the state VR program. It is also a commentary on current training, accreditation and intraprofessional challenges in the larger counseling field. Our study investigated VR directors’ perceptions of the importance and counselor preparedness in specific WIOA mandated knowledge areas. Findings revealed that VR directors consider WIOA mandated knowledge areas (e.g., employment-related and case management) to be very important, and they see room for improvement in the preparation of VR counselors to execute these functions. Our commentary provides readers with information related rehabilitation counseling history, intraprofessional practice, and guidelines for the future of rehabilitation counseling and the larger counseling profession.
Improving the Evidence Base of Telerehabilitation: A Future Modality for Delivering Clinical Services to People with Disabilities
Authors: Lewis Allen N. , Quamar Abbas H. , McKeon Ashlee B. , Schein Michelle L. , Schein Richard M. , Hartman Linda M.
Published: June 2019

Given the barriers to accessing health care that are especially relevant for the elderly and people with disabilities, it makes sense that telerehabilitation (TR) would be a modality of service delivery that will be increasingly utilized in the future. To date, its popularity and usage is growing. In order for this service delivery modality to reach its full potential, it will need a stronger evidence base that demonstrates its clinical effectiveness. This discussion addresses the current limitations of the research on TR. Further, it offers guidance on steps that can be taken to begin improving the evidence base of TR. TR has promise as a future clinical service delivery modality in rehabilitation counseling.
Preliminary Investigation of a Tribal College’s Educational Supports for Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Kitcheyan Cassie , Sanderson Priscilla R. , Rosen-Reynoso Myra , Sotnik Paula
Published: June 2019

Native Americans have experienced a long history of colonization and genocide, which has had a devastating effect on the health, both physical and emotional, of native people (Young, 1994). This has ultimately affected many aspects of their lives including education. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the perceptions of faculty and staff on a Midwestern Tribal College campus regarding disability and historical trauma. Participants completed an open-ended questionnaire related to disability, student accommodations, and historical trauma. Five themes emerged, including novel themes such as minimal disability knowledge, unidentified mental health issues, limited accommodations for students, recognition of historical trauma and variation in understanding historical trauma. The participants’ responses indicate a need for professional development to improve disability-related educational support. Further research is needed on Native American student effects of historical trauma to understand implications of retention and classroom accommodations. Implications for educators, researchers and rehabilitation counselors are discussed.
Universal Design for Learning in Rehabilitation Education: Meeting the Needs for Equal Access to Electronic Course Resources and Online Learning
Authors: Oswald Gina R. , Adams Robert David Nathan , Hiles Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2019

As rehabilitation services and counseling educational programs aim to promote a philosophy of equal access for persons with disabilities within the classroom, in the profession, and within society in general, higher education accessibility measures should not be an afterthought but proactively sought throughout course design and delivery as an exemplar for future professional service provision and learning opportunity. Learning the basic principles of universal design will improve the ability of rehabilitation students to create an inclusive environment within a diverse field and working environment. Clear and easily achievable recommendations for course content and program materials accessibility compliance are outlined.
Experiences with and Knowledge of Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Vocational Rehabilitation Support Staff
Authors: Lund Emily M. , Schultz Jared C. , Nadorff Michael R. , Thomas Katie B. , Chowdhury Dalia , Galbraith Kate
Published: June 2019

This study examined experiences with and knowledge of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among a multistate sample of 111 vocational rehabilitation (VR) support staff. Over 80% of support staff reported working with clients who had expressed thoughts or behaviors related to NSSI, with over 15% doing so at least once a month. However, only about a quarter (27.0%) reported having received training on NSSI. Participants generally scored well on three true/false NSSI knowledge items but also demonstrated some gaps in knowledge. Support staff commonly work with individuals with NSSI in VR settings but may benefit from additional training and support in this area.
Telerehabilitation in Rural Areas: A Qualitative Investigation of Pre-service Rehabilitation Professionals’ Perspectives
Authors: Castillo Yuleinys A. , Cartwright Jason
Published: June 2019

Telerehabilitation (TR) presents an innovative technology capable of helping to address the rehabilitation needs of people with disabilities (PWDs) in rural areas. Because of social and environmental barriers for rural clients, TR offers an alternative method to lessen the impact of obstacles for service delivery in geographically isolated rural areas. This study aims to explore benefits and limitations of using TR to provide rehabilitation services to clients in rural areas. In this qualitative study, pre-service professionals identified the value of suitability, impact of rate of use, and technological tools to enhance TR services while plausible interference of services, ethical issues, and apprehensions for implementation represented potential hindrances for the use of this technology in rural areas. Implications for rehabilitation educators, practitioners and researchers are considered.
Assessment of External Effects in Rehabilitation Research
Authors: Greenwood Reed
Published: June 2019

Evaluative research in rehabilitation calls for approaches which recognize that rehabilitation outcome is determined by a complex group of factors, both internal and external to the rehabilitation system. Focusing on external Qr environmental influences affecting rehabilitation outcome, this presentation reviews the need for expanding the parameters of evaluative research to a system approved at both mezzo (intermediate) and macrosystem levels. Specific external factors at mezzo and macro levels include social climate, geography, social mores and folkways, economic conditions and institutional policies and practices.
Survey of the NRCA Membership Regarding the Basis for Evaluating Counselor Performance
Authors: Downes Sheldon C. , McFarland Frank S. , Alston Paul P.
Published: June 2019

Two hundred survey questionnaires concerning level of agreement with 20 criteria of rehabilitation counselor performance were mailed to 200 randomly selected NRCA members. Analysis of 69 (34.5%) usable returns indicated criteria related to the counselor's ability to carry out the general work role rllquirements were regarded as most important. Such criteria as number of closures, academic preparation, involvement in continuing education, and membership in professional organizations were among those considered less important.
A Demographic Study of Rehabilitated and Non-Rehabilitated Clients
Authors: Kennedy Hugh G.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this project was to examine certain demographic variables of clients closed rehabilitated and those closed non-rehabilitated, with the variables being taken at time of referral. Subjects were 222 rehabilitated and 58 non-rehabilitated clients closed between July 1, 1972, and December 31, 1973, by the four general counselors serving Columbus, Georgia. Data on the eleven variables were collected and analyzed. At the .05 level the non-rehabilitated were more likely under Public Assistance and had less education; at the .01 level the non-rehabilitated were likely not working at referral. A discussion of the findings is included.
The Effects of Physical, Intellectual, and Emotional Training on Rehabilitation Clients
Authors: Roessler Richard , Bolton Brian , Means Bob , Milligan Tim
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Carkhuff's PIE training program as a treatment mode to improve the rehabilitation potential of disabled clients. A randomized experimental/control design utilizing pretest and post-test measures of physical fitness, goal-setting, interpersonal skills, self-concept, internal control, and personal adjustment was used involving 97 general rehabilitation clients. The statistical results were partially supportive leading to the tentative conclusion that the PIE program produces improvements in specific physical, goal-setting, and interpersonal skills, but that these effects may not generalize immediately to self-concept, internal control, personal adjustment, and program completion. Issues and problems in the interpretation of the results of the study are discussed.
Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification—March 1975 Field Review Report
Authors: Lunz Mary E.
Published: June 2019

Analysis of the data resulting from the March, 1975, Field Review revealed the four forms used appear to be equivalent and possess split-half rehabilities ranging from .69 to .72. Refinement of test items will continue in an effort to establish greater reliability and content validity.
Institutional Sources of Articles in The Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Rasch John D. , Thomas Kenneth R.
Published: June 2019

Articles published in the Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling from 1970 to 1974 were surveyed to identify leading institutional sources. Results indicated that Journal authors were more likely to be affiliated with colleges and universities than with other types of institutions; however, nonacademically-affiliated contributors accounted for 37.3% of the total output. Although institutional sources of articles in the Journal were found to be geographically widely dispersed, authors were most likely to be affiliated with institutions located in southern or border states. These and other findings are discussed in relation to similar surveys of the Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin (Feinberg & Gatta, 1974; Thomas, 1972).
Perception of Helping Professions by Professionals and Others
Authors: D’Iorio Stephen , Hershenson David B. , Hafer Marilyn
Published: June 2019

Samples of Masters level psychologists, social workers, rehabilitation counselors, and a comparison group of students in a graduate computer science class (20 per group) completed a 15 scale semantic differential (5 each loaded on the activity, evaluation, and potency factors). The concepts rated were Masters Level Psychologist, Social Worker, Rehabilitation Counselor, Business Administrator, and Electrical Engineer. A repeated measures ANOVA yielded significant effects for concepts and group by concept interactions on evaluation, potency, and total scores. All four groups rated Businessmen and Engineer highest on potency, but only the comparison group rated them highest on evaluation. All three helping professional groups rated the three helping professions higher than the two "nonhelping" ones on evaluation, generally rating their own profession highest. Results indicate that both professionals and laymen make distinctions among helping professions and between helping and "non-helping" professions requiring equal training. Professional-lay differences may explain the discrepancy between public support for helping professions and professional expectations for such support.
Skills Training Programs for Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Margules Adela , Anthony William A.
Published: June 2019

This paper surveyed programs that trained psychiatric patients in living, learning and working skills. The programs were examined in terms of the degree of skill acquisition attained by the patient. Several conclusions drawn from this review are: a) Psychiatric patients can learn skills. b) Less than half of the programs surveyed provide patients with a structured learning situation that enables the patients to generalize the skills they are learning to outside the training. c) The Skill Acquisition Rating Scale provides a systematic means by which programs can be compared in terms of the degree to which skills are acquired by the patients. 4) The Scale also acts as a guideline for designing new programs that insure at least generalization of the skills being trained.
The use of Occupationally Significant Transferable Skills in the Vocational Rehabilitation Process
Authors: Saxon John P. , Deutsch Paul M.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselors must utilize many skills so that clients may be provided with an optimal opportunity for successful rehabilitation. The construction of a profile of occupationally significant transferable skills and its use in the rehabilitation process is discussed.
Evaluation of an Experimental Service Coordination Project
Authors: Roessler Richard , Mack Greta
Published: June 2019

Two experimental approaches to service coordination were compared with a traditional service delivery system in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness (client satisfaction). The coordination approach emphasized common intake, case manager screening of household needs to identify agency referrals, and monitoring of household progress. Coordination/case management retained features of the coordination model but added several meetings between case manager and client to develop coordinated service plans for the household. There were no statistically significant gains in need satisfaction, self-development, or client satisfaction that could be attributed to either service coordination approach. However, a consistent trend appeared in the effectiveness data favoring the coordinated/case managed group even in the face of serious limitations in the project.
Facilitating the Suitable Placement of Deaf Rehabilitation Clients
Authors: Franklin Edward L. , Rubin Stanford E.
Published: June 2019

Suitable placement in gainful employment should be the service outcome goal for all deaf clients served by state rehabilitation agencies. Such an ontcome becomes more likely if community barriers to employment of the deaf are eliminated and if rehabilitation counselors work with their deaf clients in such a way that appropriate client vocational choice is facilitated and effective direct placement services provided when necessary. This paper provides recommendations to rehabilitation counsellors serving deaf clients in respect to vocational choice facilitation, direct placement service provision, and employment barrier reduction activities.
Attitudes Toward the Severely Disabled among Five Rehabilitation Groups
Authors: Crunk William A. , Allen Jay
Published: June 2019

The focus of this study was to investigate differences in attitude toward the severely disabled among five rehabilitation groups, i.e. vocational rehabilitation counselors, disability determination examiners, facility workers, full-time graduate rehabilitation counseling students, and under-graduate rehabilitation students. Demographic variables such as education, sex, age, and number of years employed with the Department of Vocational Rehabilitation were investigated as a source of possibly influencing the attitudes toward the severely disabled. Results of the study revealed that the five rehabilitation groups do differ significantly in their attitudes toward the severely disabled. Discussion and specific recommendations are made regarding the implications of the study.
Television Programming and Disability
Authors: Byrd E. Keith , Byrd P. Dianne , Allen Conrad M.
Published: June 2019

Determining the nature of television programming during prime time in 1976 as it relates to the depiction of disability was the purpose of this study. Two judges read program descriptions, each being responsible for six months of the programming year. Both judges held graduate degrees in Rehabilitation Counseling and have professional experience in work with various disabilities. Chi-square analyses were performed on network, program type, disability, days of the week, and months of the year. Significant results at p < .01 are reported for network, program type, and disability. The largest frequency of disability-related programs were presented by the Public Broadcasting Service and were news documentaries. Mental illness was depicted most frequently by the private networks, and the largest portion of programming depicting disability is of a dramatized or comedic nature. There is a need for educating viewers on the realities of disability along with entertainment.
Legal Concerns of the Rehabilitation Counselor, Part I Third Institute on Rehabilitation Issues
Authors: Martin Michael E. , Andrew Jason D. , Anderson Earl , Austin Edward W. , Bendekovic John , Corley William R. , Costa Dan M. , Laski Frank L. , Moline John , Rubino Jerome N. , Stubbs Miriam , Duncan Jack , Menszer Paul , Owens Joseph H.
Published: June 2019

This is the first in a series of four articles dealing with the legal concerns of the rehabilitation counselor. The first -article covers the basics of the legal system and its implications for the practice of rehabilitation counseling. In the next three issues of the Journal articles on client rights, confidentiality, and liability will appear.
Guidelines for Conducting Client Satisfaction Studies
Authors: Cook Daniel W.
Published: June 2019

Traditional assessment of the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process has focused on such outcome variables as client economic gain and number of cases closed as rehabilitated. Recent Federal legislation has mandated that provisions for assessing the quality of rehabilitation services and outcomes be incorporated into agency evaluations. A useful adjunct to the more traditional measurement of agency outcome is the assessment of consumer satisfaction with rehabilitation services. The purpose of this presentation is to review the current state-of-the-art in the assessment of consumer satisfaction with services, to evaluate the available research on client satisfaction with rehabilitation services, and to discuss how such assessment procedures might be improved. Particular attention is given to consumer satisfaction techniques currently being used by state agencies and methodological problems in assessing consumer satisfaction. Recommendations for conducting client satisfaction studies are given.
Professionalization and Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Brubaker David R.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article was to assess the relative degree of professionalization of rehabilitation counseling by analyzing this occupation in terms of widely accepted sociological notions concerning the definition and elements of professions and the process of professionalization. It was found that rehabilitation counseling is a marginal profession, that is, an occupation which. while: professionalizing, has not as yet fully completed the process to the extent as have the so-called estnblished professions. Finally, it was determined that the traditional criteria employed in evaluating the professional status of manner or emerging occupations, do not fully reflect social and economic realities, especially as relaled to bureaucratization and consumerism.
Occupational Interest Inventories: An Often Untapped Resource
Authors: Phillips J. Stuart
Published: June 2019

Two Occupational Interest Inventories, the Strong Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII) and the Career Assessment Inventory (CAI) are suggested as a basis for improving the selection of occupational objectives when traditional evaluation processes are either incomplete, inappropriate, and/or unacceptable. Comments relating to the SCII and CAI focus upon operational characteristics such as ease of administration, scoring and interpretation. Inventory results are reviewed in the text of counselor interpretation responsibilities and the benefits available to both the client and the rehabilitation process.
Tile Stigmatizing Aspects of Severe Disability: Strategies for Change
Authors: Thoreson Richard W. , Kerr Barbara A.
Published: June 2019

This article treats several aspects of attitudes toward disabled individuals and suggests strategies for changing these attitudes. The authors contend that attitudes towards those with disabilities remain negative despite current legislation to improve the status of disabled individuals. Secondly, the authors analyze the healer-patient relationship as it is evidenced in our current rehabilitation practices, and conclude that that relationship is patronizing toward disabled individuals. Thirdly, the notion of acceptance of disability is shown to be intrinsically derogating. Strategies for changing attitudes toward disabled people include: (1) redefinition of acceptance of disability to mean tolerance of disability; (2) redefinition of role relationships in such a way as to treat a disabled person because he is human, not because he is “sick”; (3) redefinition of “handicap” in terms of the environment; (4) redefinition of problems of disabled individuals as problems not unlike those of which all people face. Finally, several means by which rehabilitation counselors and rehabilitation counselor educators might implement these strategies are suggested.
The Effects of a Communications Course for Health Professionals on Empathy Discrimination
Authors: Beale Andrew V. , Payton Otto D. , Zachary Ingrid G.
Published: June 2019

In an attempt to apply counselor training methods to new settings, empathic communications skills were taught to a group of allied health professionals including medical technologists, dietitians, and physical therapists at Virginie Commonwealth University. The results of the study demonstrated that (1) allied health professionals could be taught more effective communications skllls and (2) even relatively strong and consistent response patterns could be altered in a positive way through partlcipation in a relatively short-term training program.
Service Delivery Model for the Severely Disabled Individual: Needs and Services
Authors: Clowers Michael R. , Belcher Sandra A.
Published: June 2019

Data describing the characteristics of individuals considered “most severely disabled” and those considered less than “most severely disabled” is presented. Service provisions required by the two groups are discussed. The data indicates that there are significant differences between “most severely” and less than “most severely disabled” clients in physical functioning abilities; frequency with which they live alone or in institutions; need for transportation, attendant care, recreation, home modifications speech therapy, psychological therapy, vocational counseling and placement; and frequency with which they apply for and receive benefits from Medicare, Social Services-Title XX and Vocational Rehabilitation. A surprising finding was the high percentage of most severely disabled people who said they needed vocational counseling (72%) vocational training (75%) and vocational placement (72%), although only 59% had applied to the state vocational rehabilitation agency for services and only 38% had actually received any form of service.
At-Home Cancer Rehabilitation, A Pioneering Concept in Cancer Care
Authors: Sanford Mary Eve , Bluhm Harry P. , Glover Don
Published: June 2019

The case for an at-home rehabilitation program to meet the non-medical needs of controlled and “cured” cancer patients is outlined. A multi-disciplinary cancer rehabilitation team is charged with the responsibility to conduct needs assessments, evaluate case data, formulate appropriate treatment goals and strategies, and provide services required by participating cancer patients. The high incidence of emotional and psychophysical problems reported by the cancer patients dictated that team members spend considerable time in patient and family counseling.
IN VITRO DEGRADATION OF POLYDIOXANONE (PDO) LIFTING THREADS IN HYALURONIC ACID (HA).
Authors: Suárez Dubraska , Maldonado Gladys J Velazco de , Ortiz Reynaldo , Garcia-Guevara Victor , Miller-Kobisher Blanca
Published: June 2019

Background: Recently, some clinicians have proposed implanting PDO threads imbibed in hyaluronic acid (HA). However, this is controversial since PDO sutures are hydrophilic and the presence of HA could increase the rate of hydrolysis. Aim: To demonstrate the degradation of PDO lifting threads in HA through ultramicroscopy. Materials and methods: Three, one cm long, segments of 23G PDO threads, where immersed in 1.5 ml non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid in previously labeled, sterile microcentrifuge tubes. These were observed by ultramicroscopy at 4x and 10x after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results: Microphotographs taken after 24 hours already show structural changes in the fibers, presenting an increase in interlaminar spaces and dilution of violet pigmentation. At 48 hours, degradation continues. PDO hygroscopy is observed as aqueous content between the peripheral layers and the central core of the thread. Some fibers show breakage, and there is an increase in interlaminar and interfibrillar spaces. At 72 hours, as the pigment is released, larger empty spaces are observed in the central column of the thread, and there is disorganization of the peripheral fibrils with fraying all along the fiber. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid induces rapid biodegradation of the PDO thread by hydrolysis beginning 24 hours after contact of the thread with the biomaterial. We hypothesize that non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid is a powerful catalyzing agent for hydrolytic degradation of the PDO thread, since this thread is highly hydrophilic. Thus, we suggest that clinically embedding PDO threads with HA will only accelerate biodegradation of the suture.
Key words: Lifting threads, polydioxanone, hyaluronic acid, biodegradation, PDO hydrolysis
Visual Light Leak in High-Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Hole: A Photon-Electron Theory for Living Tissue for Explaining Myopia
Authors: Lee Alex
Published: June 2019

The exact etiology of myopia remains elusive. The author proposes the particle property of photon in living tissue and the photon-electron theory in living tissue, if the frequency of the photon exceeds the threshold, the photon has enough energy to strike the electron away and forms a hole of a diameter in photon diameter scale in living tissue include the eye. Longer time of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation will cause more holes and a larger radius of holes. The visual light which passes through the radiated hole in the eye cannot be refracted on the macula, this is myopia symptom of blurred vision, shortening the distance of the eye and the object will include more visual light into cornea and lens, this is myopia another symptom of nearsightedness. The particle property of photon causes elongation of the eye and the macular holes.Blue light and X-ray are two kinds of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation which can shot holes in eye and cause myopia.
Porosity and Its Significance in Plasma Sprayed Coating: A Review
Authors: Odhiambo Gerald J , Li WenGe , Zhao YuanTao , Li ChengLong
Published: June 2019

Porosity in plasma sprayed coatings is vital for most engineering applications. It is either advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the functionality of the coating and the immediate working environment. Consequently, the formation mechanisms and development of porosity has been extensively explored to find out modes of controlling porosity in plasma sprayed coatings. In this work, a comprehensive review of porosity on plasma sprayed coatings is established. The formation and development of porosity on plasma sprayed coatings are governed by set spraying parameters. Optimized set spraying parameters have been used to achieve the most favorable coatings with minimum defects. Even with the optimized set spraying parameters, defects like porosity still occur. Here, we discuss other ways that can be used to control porosity in plasma sprayed coating with emphasis to atmospheric plasma sprayed chromium oxide coatings. Techniques like multi-layer coatings, nano-structured coatings, doping with rare earth elements, laser surface re-melting and a combination of the above methods have been suggested in adjusting porosity. The influences of porosity on properties of plasma sprayed coatings and the measurement methods of porosity have also been reviewed.