bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive reuse of local buildings in Sapa, Vietnam for cultural tourism development towards sustainability
Authors: Thi H L V , Nguyen T Q
Published: November 2021

Literature shows that adaptive reuse must consider vernacular architecture. For a tourism town like Sapa and its neighbouring villages in Vietnam, which is characterised with diverse terrain and climate conditions, adaptive reuse of housing regarding vernacular architecture needs to be addressed as sustainable local cultural values to attract tourists, especially foreign tourists. This paper, using data collected from 5 neighboring villages of Sapa, has investigated the villages’ residence characteristics, customs, and traditional house building designs styles and types of villages. A triangular approach of historical approach, systematic approach and the interdisciplinary approach has been adopted for the research to discover, consolidate and promote the values of village landscape and traditional housing. The proposed approach ensures villages retain their traditional indigenous state by building the image of traditional buildings encouraging concentrated living, and implementing concentrated tourism by village. Small sized areas can adopt small types of tourist accommodation. Both adaptation to climate and environmental change and adaptation to the deep intervention of technology in life need to be considered. The proposals will not only help protect the special values of Sapa, but also make good use of new development opportunities.
Connecting facilities of several modes of transportation with transit-oriented development approach
Authors: Agustina T , Eni S P , Ismanto R , Ulinata U
Published: November 2021

Jakarta is one of the cities in Indonesia that has a very high level of traffic jams. So it takes several alternative transportation so that congestion can be reduced. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government provides a solution by creating several mass transportation facilities including Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), Soekarno-Hatta Airport trains, TransJakarta buses, and the Jabodetabek Commuterline. In order to make it easier for transportation users to use it, a connecting facility is needed so that it makes it easier for users to choose the mode of transportation. The research entitled Connecting Facilities of several modes of transportation with Transit Oriented Development Approach used qualitative descriptive method by collecting data from journal article, observation to research location, interviews with users. After the data has been collected, analysis is carried out in order to obtain a complete picture of characteristics and conditions that exist, so that a basic program for planning and architectural design of the Dukuh Atas Interchange Station building can be compiled. This research produces a design of connecting facility that integrates between modes to move users from one mode of transportation to another without leaving the station so that it is more effective and efficient.
Exhibition center design in Bekasi with a Hi-Tech architecture approach
Authors: Duha S D , Siahaan U , Simatupang S
Published: November 2021

Indonesia as a tourist destination has the opportunity to develop MICE tourism potential (Meeting, Incentive, Conference, and Exhibition). Globalization and regional autonomy provide opportunities and challenges for development in each region. Each region is required to develop all the capabilities that it has both the value of comparative advantage (competitive advantage) and competitive advantage (competitive advantage). Bekasi City is a city located in West Java, has the potential as a gateway for international trade in West Java. Especially with the construction of 4,000 manufacturing companies and 21,000 expatriates in Bekasi. With this potential, it is possible for Bekasi City as a trade and service node nationally and even internationally. The Exhibition Centre is a container that functions as a fulfilment of the need for MICE activities that combine the functions of meetings (meetings and conferences), exhibitions (exhibitions), and recreation (incentive travel). Hi-Tech Architecture is a design concept that is interpreted as a flow of architectural style that leads to the idea of a modern architectural movement that exaggerates the structure and technology of a building [1]. High-Tech Architecture is an indicator of developments in the world, both in the field of technology and architecture. Bekasi City is one of the cities that is developing in West Java Province. Therefore, High-Tech Architecture was chosen as an approach to planning and designing an exhibition center in Bekasi City as a symbol that Bekasi is a developing city.
Optimizing Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) of palm and glass powder as a partial substitution material of fine aggregate to increase compressive and tensile strength of normal concrete
Authors: Siregar R A , Hutabarat L E , Tampubolont S P , Purnomo C C
Published: November 2021

As a material of construction, concrete have a good compressive strength but low tensile strength. From the previous study, reducing the tensile weakness of the concrete using empty fruit bunch (EFB) of Palm for the concrete mix have a significant result. But in contrary, the use of this fiber decreases the compressive strength of concrete. This research aims to optimize a mixture of glass powders on EFB fiber as a solution to increase the compressive and tensile in strength of concrete as well. The fiber material requires pre condition treatment which is soaked in 10% NaOH for 6-10 hours, then is followed with drying for 24 hours and finally cutting into 4 cm pieces long. Using glass powder as mix design with fiber material which is substitute for fine aggregate in concrete. Variation of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1,25%, 1,5%, 1,75%, and 2% fiber material mix up with 10% glass powder used for concrete specimens with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm at the age of 28 days testing. The results of this study shows an increase in the compressive and tensile strength of concrete compare to normal concrete. The optimum compressive increase 21.02% of normal concrete which is 24.87 MPa. Meanwhile the tensile strength an increase of 31,78% of normal concrete which is 3,11 MPa using 1% fibre and 10% of glass powder. Hence, using glass powder mix in EFB to increase compressive and tensile strength of concrete can be developed optimally in the future.
Evaluation of road drainage capacity to improve optimized road performance in Kebon Pala Area East Jakarta
Authors: Hidayat R , Setiyadi S , Hutabarat L E
Published: November 2021

Road drainage function as important part that can control a large rainfall that caused puddles that often disturb the comfort of all community activities on the road. Condition of the drainage channel on the road Kebon Pala area, East Jakarta are not qualified due to mistake planning and lack of maintenance. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the capacity of drainage channel on Road Perindustrian. The purpose of this study is to find the maximum amount of water flow that can be accommodated by drainage channels. Rain intensity was calculated using the Mononobe method, as well as the flow rate is calculated using the Rational method. The existing capacity of drainage dimensions are measured directly in the the field using Manning method for calculating flow velocity. The results obtain Q2yrs= 1.27mm/s, Q5yrs= 1.67mm/s, Q10yrs= 1.84mm/s, while Q channel 0.24mm/s. Thus, it can be concluded that capacity of road drainage channel is lower than Q rain that can not accommodate the existing rain flow.
Evaluation of the performance of high-rise building structures with plan ‘H’ shaped for earthquake with height increase (Case study: Apartment Urban Sky-Bekasi)
Authors: Nehe E , Simanjuntak P , Tampubolon S P
Published: November 2021

Currently, Bekasi City is developing into a residence for an urban, industrial center, and built apartments. One of them is the Urban Sky-Bekasi Apartment. This researched raises by an apartment as a case study to evaluate the performance of multi-story building structures as earthquake-resistant buildings. This researched conduct by add the original building height to 8 m (a basic height equals 102 m and a new height equals 110 m) to analyze whether the planning data made could still bear the same load with different heights and could still be categorized as earthquake-resistant buildings. From the results of the SAP-2000 output. The value of the basic static and dynamic shear forces in a 110 m building is always greater than a 102 m building in both the X and Y directions, this indicates that the taller a building is, the higher the design earthquake force used will be. The displacement in a 110 m building is always bigger than a 102 m building in both the X and Y directions. The weakest strength of the structure in a 110 m building is on the 29th floor in the X directions and Y directions, while the 102 m building is on the 26th floor in the X directions and 24 directions. It shows that with the addition of high SAP-2000 output data such as displacement, drift ratio, and other data after analysis shows that a 110 m building is categorized as an earthquake-resistant building according to SNI 1726-2012.
Simulation of passive filter design to reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in Energy-Saving Lamps (LHE) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
Authors: Susanto F , Silalahi E M , Stepanus S , Widodo B , Purba R
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the design of a passive filter system for Energy-Saving Lamps (LHE) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED) using the MATLAB Simulink software. This type of lamp is a type of non-linear load that produces harmonics of current and voltage. However, this harmonic problem can be reduced using passive filters. To determine the size of the passive filter components, research was carried out in the form of measurements of power, power factor, voltage, current, THDi and THDv produced by the LHE and LED. The results of these measurements were simulated using MATLAB Simulink to determine the passive filter design that reduces the THD value on the LHE and LED. To reduce the level of current harmonics, a single tuned LC passive filter was designed. The filter, designed to work at a frequency of 50 Hz and is expected to reduce the level of harmonics in the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th harmonic orders so that the THD produced by LHE and LED meets the IEEE 519-2014 standards. The simulation results of single tuned LC passive filter design can reduce THDi by 46.78% from the initial THD of 84.55% so that it becomes 37.77%.
Reducing of total harmonic distortion using passive filter simulation to suppress harmonic currents with the case: General Hospital, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta
Authors: Elfando D , Silalahi E M , Stepanus S , Widodo B , Purba R
Published: November 2021

With the increasing need for and use of electrical energy amid increasingly rapid technological advances, especially in the use of electronic equipment in hospitals, it is necessary to pay attention to the problem of harmonics due to the use of non-linear electrical equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the current and voltage THD for each non-linear equipment user. If the current and voltage THD values do not meet the standards, then a filter design is carried out so that the THD values meet the standards. Based on the results of THD measurements on the Main Distribution Panel (MDP) of RSU UKI, it was found that the THD of the voltage varied between 0.7877% - 2.4363% and the current THD varied between 5.3073% - 9.2363%. The measured THD value refers to the IEEE 519-2014 standard. If the THD value of the measurement results exceeds the IEEE 519-2014 standard, a harmonic filter is needed. With the simulated single tuned filter design, the current THD decreases within the standard value. The THD value of the current after installing the filter at the three MDP’s of the RSU UKI, namely MDP A of 1.72%, MDP B of 0.64% and MDP C of 1.30%.
Micro crack imaging of silicon solar cells with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy)
Authors: Gunawan W , Stepanus S , Lisapaly L , Mustari F , Sutomo H S
Published: November 2021

Both monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon based solar cells are proven to be widely used in the photovoltaic industry compared to other solar cell material such as titanium oxide or germanium due to abundant materials and economical production processes, however the problem occurs due to internal (crack) defects in the silicon wafers. The cracks of silicon solar cells occur due to the manufacturing process or when applying them to the field in a relatively short time. Research was also carried out to determine the cause of the cracks and how much damage had occurred that affected the performance of silicon solar cells. By using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) we will prove that, is it clear that the damage caused by production failure of external influences causes defects (micro cracks), holes, burns and so on. The advanced technology owned by SEM is expected to be reliable to find the location of the damage quickly and precisely because the result displayed are very accurate so that it is expected to be an evaluation for the solar cell production process in the future.
Fracture failure analysis on drive shaft component of diesel locomotive
Authors: Adiman A , Budiarto B , Siswanto S
Published: November 2021

Failure analysis is a systematic method of investigation to find the cause of the failure mechanism of a component or equipment. This research describes the fracture analysis of driveshaft components in a diesel locomotive. The drive shaft which is a connecting component around the compressor in the locomotive engine has failed. The methods used in this study include literature studies, visual observations, data collection, material characteristics through chemical composition tests, hardness tests, tensile tests, microstructure observations, fractographic observation, data processing, and analysis of test results. Based on the results of chemical composition testing and mechanical testing shows that the drive shaft is classified as plain carbon steel, specifically AISI 1025 steel. Visual observations and microstructure observations show that the driveshaft failure occurred at the connection part, which is the connection around the welded region. From the fractography results show a visible pattern of deformation plastic that showing the fracture occurred since the connection cannot bear the load given.
Effect of vacuum system on porous product defects and micro structures on the ADC-12 aluminum material with cold chamber die casting machines
Authors: Budiarto B , Kurniawan T D
Published: November 2021

Research on the effect of the vacuum system on porous product defects and microstructure on the ADC-12 aluminum alloy material with cold chamber die casting machine has been carried out. In the injection process in cold chamber die casting, the aluminum material commonly used is namely ADC-12. The ADC-12 aluminum alloy has better resistance to corrosion, is lightweight, has ease of casting, good mechanical properties, and dimensional stability. The purpose of this study is to compare the vacuum system with overflow system using ADC-12 aluminum alloy material with observed parameters are porosity, trapped air pressure, hot spot level, hardness level of Vickers Hardness, XRD analysis, and microstructure analysis with Light Optical Microscope (LOM). The results of the analysis using the Magma flow software, the vacuum system is better than the overflow system in terms of porosity and product yield, which is influenced by the amount of air trapped and the hot spot level. The level of hardness in a product with a vacuum system is better than a product with an overflow system. The average hardness in the vacuum system is 162,235 while in the overflow system is 147,615. Thus, the use of a vacuum system can increase the level of hardness in products by around 9%. With the change in usage from the overflow system to the vacuum system, it shows an increase in dislocation density followed by an increase in lattice strain and a decrease in the level of crystal size of the product.
Morphological variation in the interspecific hybrid of Acacia (Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis)
Authors: Sunarti S , Milaba A , Adriyanti D T , Nirsatmanto A
Published: November 2021

Acacia hybrid is an interspecific hybrid resulting from crossing between Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis either naturally or artificially. This study aimed to determine the morphological variation of artificial Acacia hybrid, obtained by full-diallel control crossing. Observed sample trees were clones at the clonal test, established in 2011 in Wonogiri, Central Java. Tree samples were taken by selecting clones categorized into the superior, intermediate, and inferior clones based on their growth at one year of age, with three different clones in each category. Parameters to be observed were morphological characters including quantitative (tree height, diameter breast height, bole length, phyllode length and phyllode width) and qualitative (stem form, stem straightness, bark type, bark color, phyllode shape, phyllode apex shape, conspicuousness of the main vein, and petiole color). The data quantitative and qualitative were then scored and analyzed using NCSS series 12 software for cluster analysis. The results showed that morphological characters of Acacia hybrid clones varied across the tree categories. Furthermore, the dendrogram showed that the characters of Acacia hybrid grouped into two clusters: Cluster A dominated by superior and most intermediate clones, and Cluster B dominated by inferior clones. The study result implies the use of morphological characters of Acacia hybrid to select the hybrid vigor in a breeding program.
Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum) growth performance on different types of degraded peatlands in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Leksono B , Windyarini E , Hasnah TM , Saijo  , Fahruni  , Maimunah S , Artati Y , Baral H
Published: November 2021

To achieve its national goals in climate and landscape resilience, including bioenergy production, the Government of Indonesia has launched an initiative to restore 14 million hectares of degraded land, including 2 million hectares of peatlands, by 2030. Here we present early findings on tamanu adaptability and tree growth (height, diameter and branches) on two types of degraded peatlands in Central Kalimantan. The paper reports peatland type and tamanu tree growth and adaptability in a 3-ha plantation trial plot over three years and a 2-ha plot over two years in Kalampangan and Buntoi villages. Results show survival rates of 82% in the plot on ombrogenous peat in Kalampangan and 81% on topogenous peat in Buntoi. Furthermore, the growth performance of 2-year-old tamanu trees on topogenous peat in Buntoi with an average height of 1.74 m and diameter of 3.97 cm at 5 cm above ground level and 15 branches was better than on ombrogenous peat in Kalampangan with an average height of 0.68 m and diameter of 1.43 cm at 5cm above ground level and five branches. While initial survival and tree growth results are promising, further monitoring of flowering and fruiting is necessary to determine tamanu’s viability for biodiesel production on degraded peatlands.
Growth diversity, heritability, and genetic correlation of 4-years-old of Alstonia angustiloba progeny test in Wonogiri, Central Java
Authors: Mashudi  , Setiadi D , Pudjiono S , Susanto M , Baskorowati L , Hendrati R L , Hidayati N
Published: November 2021

Alstonia angustiloba is a local tree species that have potential for community forest plantation; therefore, it is important to provide improved seeds. This study aimed to determine the diversity of growth, estimate the value of heritability, and the genetic correlation of the 4-years-old A. angustiloba progeny test. Randomized Completely Block Design with two factors (population and family) were used in this study. In this study, families are nested in the population. The population factors consisted of 4 levels, and family factors consisted of 43 families. The analysis of variance showed that height and stem diameter growth were significantly different between populations and families at four years old. The best height and stem diameter growth at the population level was obtained from the Pendopo population, 4.45 m and 7.71 cm, respectively. At the family level, the best height growth was obtained from 9 families (4.46-5.06 m), and the best stem diameter growth was obtained from 11 families (7.48-8.72 cm). The estimated individual heritability value for height was 0.41, and stem diameter was 0.23. Estimated family heritability values were 0.66 for height and 0.50 for stem diameter. The genetic correlation between height and stem diameter was 0.97.
Feasibility analysis of mangrove bio-ecosystem for silvofishery in Dabong Village, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan
Authors: Karlina E , Pratiwi
Published: November 2021

Studies on bio-ecosystems sustainability and feasibility are urgent because many mangrove ecosystems have been converted into ponds as a source of livelihood. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainability level of the mangrove bio-ecosystem in Dabong Village and formulate the most appropriate strategy in silvofishery development. The method used was a field survey to obtain secondary and primary data. Bio-ecosystem feasibility analysis was carried out descriptively, qualitatively and quantitatively based on data compilation of water quality, soil fertility, macrozoobenthos and mangrove density. SWOT analysis was used in developing the strategies. Based on the study results, the land suitability matrix for silvofishery development in Dabong Village had a very suitable category (69.00%) regarding soil value conditions and water quality. The abundance of macrozoobenthos was 21 individual m2 -1 gatropoda, 30 individuals m2 -1 bivalves, and eight individuals m2 -1 crustaceans. Stand density values of Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia alba, and Sonneratia alba ranged from 15-25 individuals m2 -1, 18-27 individuals m2 -1, and 14-24 individuals m2 -1, respectively. According to ecosystem characteristics, the strategy for using mangroves in the research site was to increase the bio-ecosystem strength and minimize the damage or degradation risks as a threat to the impact of mangrove ecosystem utilization using the silvofishery model. Its application could be an alternative for sustainable use of the mangrove ecosystem.
The impact of white grub infestation on sengon plantation and traditional control by local communities
Authors: Darmawan U W , Lelana N E , Anggraeni I , Astanti F E
Published: November 2021

White grub causes severe crop failure in some sengon plantation areas. However, study regarding this pest on sengon plantations is still limited. Therefore, a survey to observe cultivation practice by local farmers in controlling white grub has been carried out in the sengon plantation area. An interview regarding the impact of white grub infestation and its traditional control methods was also carried out with the forest farmers group and the management officer of Perum Perhutani, State-Owned Forest Corporation, to observe the farmer’s knowledge regarding white grubs and their impact on the plantation. In addition, we also carried out sampling to observe the white grub population. The result showed that the average white grub population in the soil was extremely high. The average population was at 20.9 individuals plot−1 (13.6 larvae m2 -1) and dominated by 6-8 cm in length larvae. Therefore, planting failure is expected due to its attack. The local farmer controls applying marang, a rice bowl made of plastic with a small hole on all sides when planting the tree, and collecting white grub larvae during soil tillage, using light trapping. Application of marang was considered to effectively increase the success in planting activity by about 80-90%.
Evaluation on biophysical carrying capacity to support land rehabilitation planning in the upstream watershed
Authors: Supangat A B , Wahyuningrum N
Published: November 2021

A comprehensive Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) plan is needed, supported by information on the condition of the Biophysical Carrying Capacity (BCC) of the watershed so that land rehabilitation activities will be right on target. The research aims to evaluate the BCC to support the SWC planning for the upstream watershed. The research area was in the Naruan Micro Watershed (NMW), the upstream of Keduang Sub Watershed, the Bengawan Solo Watershed. The analysis of the BCC used evaluation criteria based on the Ministry of Forestry Regulation (PerMenhut) No. P.61/Menhut-II/2014 concerning monitoring and evaluation of watershed management. The evaluation showed that the BCC in the research area was in the “Bad” category with a value of 128.0. It means that the watershed needs to be restored, particularly in terms of biophysical features. Several parameters indicated a poor category, i.g. the land aspect such as Percentage of Degraded Land (PDL) and Erosion Index (EI) parameters, while in the water system aspect such as the Flow Regime Coefficient (FRC), Annual Flow Coefficient (AFC), and Sediment Load (SL) parameters. These five parameters must become a concern and an important starting point for land rehabilitation planning in the form of SWC measures.
Ecological performance of local initiatives on water resources management in Timorese communities, Indonesia
Authors: Njurumana G N , Pujiono E , da Silva M M , Oematan O K
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is one of the countries under the threat of a water crisis. A total of 106 districts from 16 provinces, including East Nusa Tenggara, experienced drought and clean water crisis of 1.50 billion m3 year−1. This involves ecological characteristics accumulation of semiarid regions, degradation of forest resources, and increased critical land. Mitigation research on a watershed scale provides an understanding of the strong relationship between land degradation and water crisis. However, specific information on biophysical spring sources in semi-arid ecosystems is still very limited. This study aimed to obtain ecological performance based on rainfall, critical land, and land cover from a community-based water resource management model on the Timor island. This study was conducted through field observations at 63 units of water sources and structured interviews. The results showed that the characteristics vary from rainfall distribution, land cover, critical land, and utilization pressure. Furthermore, water source units have a limited carrying capacity of rainfall, the land conditions are generally critical, including the threat of land fires and community use of springs. Meanwhile, the variations of these characteristics determine the management interventions undertaken by the community. Therefore, through various management models of community-based water sources, local initiatives need to get support to preserve water sources for the people’s livelihood.
Polarization of perception and motivation in ecotourism development based on sustainable peat ecosystem utilization
Authors: Karlina E , Takandjadji M , Heryati Y , Sukmana A , Andriani S
Published: November 2021

Tourism development in Indonesia is currently one of the alternatives in the national program as an effort to economic growth. The study’s objectives are (1) analyzing the perception and motivation values of the stakeholder community; (2) developing a strategy to optimize the development of sustainable peat ecosystem ecotourism. The research result shows that the polarization of perception and motivation of the community and stakeholders expressed a positive attitude towards the ecotourism development in the values of 6-7. The value shows a positive attitude between the community and stakeholders. The motivational value of both actors illustrates an optimistic attitude in the ecotourism development with a value between 6-7. The results of the matrix calculation of internal and external factors produce X coordinates of 0.50 and Y – 0.50 on the strategy quadrant diagram. The strategy is Weakness-Opportunity which is a strategy that minimizes weaknesses and takes advantage of existing opportunities. Strategic formulation, namely: (1) building and strengthening institutional systems; (2) improving the welfare of the community by opening business opportunities; (3) developing infrastructure and tourism support facilities; and (4) targeting marketing programs. The research benefit is that it can be used as one of the basis in drawing up a plan to optimize the utilization of peat ecosystems sustainably. It also can improve local communities’ attitudes of concern, awareness, and welfare.
Community perception of sustainable peat swamp ecosystem conservation in Buntoi Village, Kahayan Hilir Sub-District, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Karlina E , Yeny I
Published: November 2021

The sustainability of peat swamp ecosystem management requires conservation efforts to prevent the exploitative and destructive utilization of the ecosystem. The real action efforts of conservation activities are closely related to the support from the surrounding peat forest community. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of community perception of peat ecosystem conservation. The method used is quantitative descriptive, with score intervals using the Likert scale. The study results show that respondents’ characteristics indicate that respondents’ economic value is in line with the length of stay in Buntoi Village. The value of three indicator community perception is in the high and very high categories. The study results show that the knowledge category of peat ecosystem conservation ranges from 948-1368 (high-very high), the response ranges from 1224-1572 (very high), and community attitude scores from 1260-1584 (very high). Respondents who live > 20 years stated that it is very important to carry out conservation activities. Community perception is agreed and very agree towards conservation efforts in the sustainable use of peat ecosystem. They are ready to participate in all forms of activities, both in private and government programs.
Historical data guides restoration of degraded peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia
Authors: van Hoeflaken J , Demies M , van der Meer P J
Published: November 2021

Peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia are under heavy pressure. Deforestation, forest degradation, wildfires, and drainage have damaged or destroyed substantial areas of the once extensive peat swamp forest formations. Several efforts are underway to rehabilitate degraded peat forests areas in order to restore some of the valuable ecosystem services these forested areas once provided. However, these efforts often result in (mixed)-plantations that only partly resemble the original peat forests. Information about these peat swamp forests’ complex origin and ecology is needed to improve restoration outcomes further. Our paper analyses historical data from coastal peat swamp forests in Sarawak and Brunei and discusses the potential to use this as the reference value for intact peat forests. We describe the observed stand structure and species composition for pristine peat swamp forest, and we analyze the population structure of three dominant peat swamp forest species: Gonystylus bancanus (ramin), Dactylocladus stenostachys (jongkong) and Shorea albida (alan batu). We compare the historical data with data from recently measured, degraded peat swamp forests. We discuss our results in relation to processes of peat dome formation, nutrient availability and hydrology, and give recommendations for peat swamp forest management and restoration.
Assessment of soil carbon stocks in several peatland covers in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar C A , Narendra B H
Published: November 2021

Changes in the soil carbon (C) stocks of degraded peatlands due to drainage, fire, or conversion of forest cover have not been studied much. This study aims to determine the characteristics of soil C stocks in degraded peatland covers due to logging and fire. The research was carried out on peatlands located in three villages representing peatland cover conditions in the form of primary/pristine peat swamp forest, logged-over forest, and post-fire peatland. Peat samples from each type of peatland cover were analyzed to determine the bulk density (BD) and C concentration. The results showed that peatland on the logged-over forest has the highest BD (0.135 gr cm−3) compared to the other sites. Based on the distribution of peat depth, the lowest BD was mainly found at the surface peat layers and increased significantly with the depth of peat. The C concentration with the mean value of 57.6% showed no significant differences among the three locations and at different depths. Soil C stocks in the upper one-meter depth were 621, 779, and 606 Mg ha−1 in the peat swamp forest, logged-over forest, and post-fire peatland, respectively. The total soil C stocks were ultimately determined by the peat thickness in the area.
Potential of medang reso (Cinnamomum parthenoxylon) as raw material source for antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Asmaliyah  , Hadi E E W , Novriyanti E
Published: November 2021

Diabetics is known as a dangerous comorbid disease in covid 19 patience. Many herbal medicines are used to prevent diabetes. Recently, the use of herbal medicine increased rapidly. In Indonesia, many indigenous plants have been used as source of raw material of herbal medicine including Cinnamomum parthenoxylon. Previous study reported that in vitro administration of C. parthenoxylon extract could reduce the sugar level and increased the plasma insulin level. Data on phytochemistry and bio-activity of this species are unavailable yet. Therefore, this study examined the phytochemical constituents and antidiabetic activity of their leaves. The leaves of C. pathenoxylon were collected from Bangka Belitung and South Sumatra for phytochemical screening and in vitro study. The phytochemical screening showed that constituents of flavonoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins were contained in the water extract of C. pathenoxylon leaves. The study indicated that extract leaves of C. pathenoxylon contains antidiabetic activity. In conclusion, C. pathenoxylon has the potential to be utilized as a source of raw material for diabetes medication. However, further in vivo and human administration studies are essentially required.
Analysis of soil and water conservation practices by community throughout the Upper Citarum River Watershed: motivational, technical and institutional aspects
Authors: Perkasa H W , Nurfatriani F , Astana S , Erwidodo
Published: November 2021

Forest degradation in the Upper Citarum Watershed requires an approach to changing farming patterns that applies techniques of soil and water conservation. The objective of the paper is to examine the extent to which the community in the Upper Citarum Watershed has practiced soil and water conservation techniques in its farming practices, as well as institutional support and community motivation in the application of the conservation practices. This study used a survey of 499 farmers to collect data in Bandung and West Bandung districts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic analysis. Results of the study indicate that the soil and water conservation practices have been implemented by 45% of the farm household. The households practicing conservation techniques have higher revenue compared to those who not practicing. The sources of information that households learned come from fellow local farmers, while the most reasons motivating households to practice soil and water conservations are to prevent erosion and improve water supply. The local Agriculture and Forestry Service Offices and Watershed Agency are the dominant sources of assistance with the form of assistance are either materials or training. This study recommends improving spatial planning, providing market incentives and assistance, and supporting the agroforestry system.
Social innovation in social forestry: seeking better management for sustainable forest in Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto  , Yuliana C I , Hidayat S , Yaumidin U K , Nadjib M , Sambodo M T , Hidayatina A , Handoyo F W , Suryanto J
Published: November 2021

The Indonesian state and local community have been conducting forest co-management as part of a new social forestry program initiative. This initiative is proposed to overcome environmental degradation as well as to enhance community well-being by increasing economic outcome of the forest. However, this program has the potential for conflict because of asymmetry between resources dedicated to approving social forestry permits versus capacity building, monitoring, and evaluating management outcomes. The social innovation approaches have been adopted as a potential solution to address complex social forestry program. This article aims to explore how social innovation and village governance in forest communities works. The research framework is designed by modifying the social innovation concept from the Theoretical, Empirical and Policy Foundations for Building Social Innovation in Europe (TEPSIE). Qualitative method is applied, by conducting in-depth interview and focus group discussion with forest policy experts, village authorities, and other stakeholders. Two neighbouring villages namely Sirnajaya and Tugu Utara in the Bogor District, West Java are visited. Sirnajaya represents village with strong government support by the Pilot Program for Incubation of Village Innovation in Local Economic Development (PIID-PEL), while Tugu Utara represents a strong society initiative in local development. The result reveals that social innovation has worked at different phases. However, good cooperation between formal and informal actors can have a better outcome on village development, compared to if each moves independently. The extension of social innovation and network of development can become an engine of village growth to the larger scope. The successful management for social forestry in Indonesia needs to be based on a hybrid governance model that needs to be “good” and “proper”. Therefore, the designs and practices for social forestry governance must be developed in more socially inclusive, reflected local social-economic, political, and cultural conditions.
Development of herbal teabag products based on regional potency to improve forest communities’ welfare
Authors: Maharani R , Fernandes A
Published: November 2021

On May 10, 2019, the Directorate General of Sustainable Production Forest Management with online shopping @shopee_id began collaboration to promote and market Non-Timber Forest Products in order to improve Indonesian economic. The potential of non-timber forest products in East Kalimantan, Indonesia is abundant, especially the utilization as medicinal plants based on local wisdom, such as in Merabu village, Berau district, and Dilang Puti village, West Kutai district, East Kalimantan. Traditional medicinal products tend to be less regulated and have no selling value. This study aims to develop herbal teabag products, beginning from production process, the cost of production, brand naming, and to strengthening an organization for manage or manufacture herbal teabags from these two villages. Merabu has high potential of gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis), karamunting (Melastoma malabatricum), and ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri). The product made is prima tea, with main ingredients of mixed leaves of A. malaccensis, R. tomentosa and a little amount of E. zwageri powder as a dye. Meanwhile, Dilang Puti has high potential of laban (Vitex pubescens), and ginger (Zingiber officinale). Thus, a tea product namely Pusaka tea is introduced, with the main ingredients of mixed inner bark of V. pubescens and Z. officinale powder. All processing implements a cooperative model to produce herbal teabags, with raw materials taken from members’ garden. The product manufacturing training process tends to be faster and easier, while naming is quite long due to a common name should recognized by all parties, beginning from young people, general public, and customary elders. Furthermore, herbal tea bag products are packaged and sold through established organizations, which then have a positive impact on local communities’ income.
Factors affecting communities in adopting sustainable peat cultivation techniques and strategies for implementation (a case study in Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan)
Authors: Ekawati S , Sylviani  , Surati  , Ramawati  , Handoyo  , Prasetyo B D , Lugina M , Hidayat D C , Sumirat B K , Hardiansyah G , Mariani Y , Yusro F , Oktoria S , Kusrini N , Pranoto D Y , Roslinda E
Published: November 2021

Peatlands have the primary source of livelihood for the surrounding communities, even though peatlands’ cultivation has several limiting factors. Drainage in peat cultivation has the potential to cause fires. Social and economic interests often conflict with ecological interests. The research was conducted in Pulang Pisau District using a semi-participatory approach through field observations, in-depth interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions. The study uses the descriptive qualitative method in the data analysis. The results showed that factors that influence the adoption of sustainable peat management techniques are: i) the introduced technique is following the community’s social and cultural characteristics, but most of the people belong to the early majority and late majority category; ii) the intrinsic nature of the innovation; iii) the absence of collective decision making to implement land clearing without burning and iv) lack of assistance. The study recommended five policy strategy: i) preparing peat-adaptive commodity market; ii) encouraging incentives for implementing non-burning land clearing; iii) coordination and synergy between institutions; iv) selection of superior rubber seed and Cajuput plantation as a substitute for galam, and v) development of participatory agrosilvofishery demonstration plots.
Business feasibility of several PS-01 hybrid silkworms (Bombix mori L.) cultivation scheme
Authors: Yuniati D , Suharti S , Widiarti A , Andadari L , Heryati Y , Agustarini R
Published: November 2021

Forest Research and Development Center has developed technology to increase productivity of sericulture through selection of types and varieties and cross-breeding to obtain superior hybrids. One of the superior hybrids produced is superior silkworm PS-01. The use of PS-01 hybrid silkworm seeds has been officially carried out with the Minister of Forestry Decree Number 794 I Menhut-II/2013 concerning the Release of PS-01 Hybrid Silkworm (Bombyx Mory L) Seeds. Several variations in the cultivation of the PS-01 hybrid silkworm in the field result in several cultivation schemes. This study aims to assess feasibility of several of PS-01 hybrid silkworm cultivation schemes. The research is conducted at KTH Bina Mandiri Sukabumi. Data and information are obtained through in-depth interviews with several farmer group members Bina Mandiri Sukabumi, owner and manager of PT Begawan Nusantara as a partner of KTH, which cultivates PS-01 silkworm seeds. Data are analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Feasibility of PS-01 hybrid silkworm cultivation business is assessed using several criteria, namely NPV, BCR, IRR, and BEP, during the 10-year business cycle. The results of financial analysis on four silkworm cultivation schemes using PS-01 hybrid silkworm seeds show Schema I : KTH farmers buy PS-01 hybrid silkworm eggs and sell their products in cocoons; it is not feasible; Schema II : KTH farmers buy PS-01 hybrid silkworm egg seeds and sell their products in the form of yarn, and it is feasible; Schema III : KTH farmers do not purchase PS-01 hybrid silkworm eggs and sell their products in the form of cocoons; it is not feasible; Schema IV. In a partnership scheme, KTH farmers are assisted with silkworm eggs, consumable operational materials, farmers receive maintenance assistance up to the 3rd instar, and the sale of the produce in the form of cocoons is feasible.
Willingness to pay estimation of microhydro power plant user for hydrological ecosystem services in North Buton Wildlife Reserve Area
Authors: Isnan W , Nugroho H Y S H , Saad M
Published: November 2021

One of community empowerment programs implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry is the construction of a Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHP) for communities around forest areas. One of the environmental services provided by forests is hydrological benefit in the form of water source to drive MHP turbines. The existence of the perceived benefit will trigger public awareness to participate in preserving forest functions. Rewards for benefits generated from forests can be manifested through efforts to conserve water resources jointly between the community and the party that manages the area. In this regard, this research is conducted to determine the willingness to pay of MHP users around the North Buton wildlife reserve to maintain the MHP unit and support forest resource conservation activities. This study employes the contingent valuation method (CVM) to calculate the willingness to pay value. The results show that MHP users are willing to pay IDR 2,611.- for each kWh of electric power. The willingness to pay is influenced by the amount of electricity consumption and the amount of income of the respondent. If it is calculated based on the volume of water used, the total willingness to pay for environmental water service is IDR 414.-per 1 liter per second.
Business model for community featured products in peatlands: case study of Pulang Pisau Regency
Authors: Djaenudin D , Indartik  , Suryandari E Y , Parlinah N , Salaka F J , Kurniawan A S , Iqbal M
Published: November 2021

Peatlands are one of resources for regional economic development in Pulang Pisau Regency. However, the condition of peatlands continues to be degraded due to uncontrolled use and fires on peatlands and forests areas. The socio-economic revitalization of community is one of the efforts to restore the degraded peatlands. This revitalization is required as the utilization of peatland by the community is still traditional, so the added value of land use products, until now has not been created optimally. Therefore, a land-use business approach that is appropriate with the capacity of the community and available natural capital is needed. This approach will improve community livelihoods and contribute positively to economic, social, and environmental development. This paper aims to identify the features of paludiculture products cultivated by the community and develop a featured product business model. Research locations are in Buntoi and Mantaren 1 Village. Data collection is carried out through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Respondents are farmers, traders, industry players, and the government. The data analysis used is descriptive data analysis and canvas business model (CBM). The dominant type of plant cultivated by the community is rubber. The community considers rubber could provide high economic benefits. Analysis results of rubber business practices carried out by the community are characterized by (i) low dry content of rubber latex (slab); (ii) rubber latex that is sold to a local trader or factories at lower prices than it is sold to the factory, (iii) the certainty of the slab supply to the factory is relatively high; and (iv) limited control of capital and technology. The development of the CBM model is needed to improve the rubber business through improving the quality of latex as a market segmentation requirement, expanding potential customers through collective marketing channels, improving productivity by selecting superior seeds and environmental engineering technology.