bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The last post: British press representations of veterans of the Great War
Authors: Webber Nick , Long Paul
Published: November 2014

Harry Patch (1898–2009) was the last surviving soldier to have fought in the trenches of the Western Front, entering the media spotlight in 1998 when he was approached to contribute to the BBC documentary Veterans. Media coverage of Patch and the cultivation of his totemic status were particularly prodigious in anticipating and marking his death, producing a range of reflections on its historical, social and cultural significance. Focusing on the British popular press, this article examines media coverage of the last decade of Patch’s life. It considers the way in which the Great War is memorialised in the space of public history of the media in terms of the personalisation and sentimentalisation of Patch, exploring how he serves as a synecdoche for the millions of others who fought, how he embodies ideas of generational and social change, and how the iconography of the Great War’s contemporaneous representation works in the space of its memorialisation.
Therapy gloves for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a review
Authors: Nasir Siti Hana , Troynikov Olga , Massy-Westropp Nicola
Published: November 2014

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes pain, joint stiffness and swelling leading to impaired hand function and difficulty with daily activities. Wearing therapy gloves has been recommended by occupational therapists as one of the alternative treatment methods for rheumatoid arthritis. This study aims to review the available literature on the effects of wearing therapy gloves on patients’ hand function and symptoms as well as to discuss the attributes of gloves that might influence the glove performance. An electronic databases search of MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Occupational Therapy Systematic Evaluation of Evidence, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial was performed. Eight articles met the inclusion criteria, and covered seven clinical trials and one case study. Seven outcome measures were identified from the included studies and were then classified into two categories: hand function and hand symptoms. The hand symptoms such as pain, stiffness and swelling improve substantially when the therapy gloves are used. However, marginal or no improvement in hand function (with the exception of grip strength) linked to the use of therapy gloves is being reported. Further research is needed to quantify the effectiveness of therapy gloves, especially in improvement of hand function and in patients’ interest in wearing therapy gloves. Furthermore, future studies should include parameters which might influence therapy gloves’ performance, such as duration of trials, interface pressure generated by the gloves on the underlying skin and tissue, glove fit and construction, as well as thermophysiological comfort.
Analytic Characteristics of Three Bayer Contour Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems in Neonates
Authors: Dietzen Dennis J. , Nenninger Denise A. , Simmons David A. , Pardo Scott , Pandya Mauli , Fullam Jeanellen
Published: November 2014

Background:

Hypoglycemia in infants is common, is difficult to recognize, and may lead to permanent neurologic impairment. Low glucose concentrations and high hematocrits in newborns pose significant analytic challenges for whole blood glucose meters.

Objective/Methods:

Three Bayer glucose monitoring systems were evaluated using 211 blood samples from 162 neonates (age range 5 hours to 29 days, median age 3 days). Hematocrit and whole blood glucose were determined in heparinized whole blood, and plasma glucose was determined using the Roche Cobas® 6000. Accuracy was evaluated against plasma concentrations using ISO 15197:2013 and CLSI POCT 12-A3 criteria.

Results:

Glucose imprecision on the Cobas system was 1.8-2.6% (CV) from 26-610 mg/dL. Imprecision across all meter systems was 2.8% (CV) at 130 mg/dL. Glucose concentrations, hematocrit, and total bilirubin ranged from 20-150 mg/dL, 18 -75%, and 0.5-19.6 mg/dL, respectively. Linear regression analysis of whole blood versus plasma for the 3 combined systems yielded an average slope of 1.06 and correlation coefficient greater than 0.980. Bias between the Contour and Cobas was not significantly correlated with hematocrit. Greater than 99% of meter results were within 15 mg/dL and 20% of plasma results at glucose concentrations ≤ 75 and > 75 mg/dL, respectively. Of meter results, 97% were within 12.5 mg/dL of plasma results at concentrations ≤ 100 mg/dL, while 96% of meter results were within 12.5% of plasma at concentrations > 100 mg/dL.

Conclusions:

The Bayer CONTOUR Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems exceed ISO 15197:2013 and CLSI criteria in neonatal blood samples.
Commoditization in the U.S. Lodging Industry
Authors: Beldona Srikanth , Miller Brian , Francis Tiffany , Kher Hemant V.
Published: November 2014

A comparison of four elements that constitute commoditization as viewed by U.S. hotel industry executives and by customers from a national sample found that the two groups ascribe different weights to the four factors in the commoditization model. In a test of these four factors, the seventy industry executives in the survey thought that product homogeneity contributed the most to commoditization, followed by industry stability, switching costs, and price sensitivity. However, from the customers’ point of view, price sensitivity was far and away the key element of commoditization, with product homogeneity having a much smaller effect. Stability and switching costs were not considered as part of the consumers’ perception of commoditization. Although the study is based on the views of hotel industry executives and customers, it makes no attempt to gauge the level of industry commoditization, because its goal is to establish the nature of commoditization as framed in the hotel industry.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Tipping
Authors: Lynn Michael , Brewster Zachary W.
Published: November 2014

In U.S. restaurants, racial and ethnic minorities often tip less than whites. These differences in tipping create numerous problems ranging from discriminatory service to restaurant executives’ reluctance to open restaurants in minority communities. Thus, racial differences in tipping need to be sizably reduced, which requires an understanding of their underlying causes. In this paper, we ask a racially and ethnically diverse sample of respondents in an online survey about how much they would tip in a hypothetical dining scenario, how much their best friend would tip, and how much the average person in their area would tip, as well as what the smallest tip a server in their area would consider satisfactory. Analyses of these data indicate that perceived injunctive and descriptive tipping norms independently mediate racial and ethnic differences in tipping. This finding suggests that racial differences in tipping can be reduced with marketing campaigns that promote the dominant 15 to 20 percent injunctive tipping norm and that inform consumers about widespread compliance with that norm.
Long‐acting somatostatin analogues provide significant beneficial effect in patients with refractory small bowel angiodysplasia: Results from a proof of concept open label mono‐centre trial
Authors: Holleran Grainne , Hall Barry , Breslin Niall , McNamara Deirdre
Published: November 2014

Introduction

Small bowel angiodysplasias account for over 50% of causes of small bowel bleeding and carry a worse prognosis than lesions located elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Re‐bleeding rates are high even after first‐line endoscopic therapy and are associated with high levels of morbidity for affected patients. Small trials of long‐acting somatostatin analogues have shown promising results but have not yet been assessed in patients with refractory small bowel disease.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of long‐acting somatostatin analogues in reducing re‐bleeding rates and transfusion requirements, and improving haemoglobin levels in patients with refractory small bowel angiodysplasia.

Methods

Patients with refractory small bowel angiodysplasia were treated with 20 mg of long‐acting octreotide for a minimum of three months. Response was assessed according to: rates of re‐bleeding, haemoglobin levels, transfusion requirements, and side effects.

Results

A total of 24 patients were initially treated and 20 received at least three doses. Rates of complete, partial and non‐response were 70%, 20% and 10% respectively. Average haemoglobin rates increased from 9.19 g/dl to 11.35 g/dl (p  = 0.0027, 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.5 to −1.1) in the group overall and 70% remained transfusion‐free after a mean treatment duration of 8.8 months. The rate of adverse events was higher than previously reported at 30%.

Conclusion

Long‐acting somatostatin analogues offer a therapeutic advantage in a significant proportion of patients with small bowel angiodysplasia. With careful patient selection and close observation, a long‐acting somatostatin analogue should be considered in all patients with persistent anaemia attributable to refractory disease in conjunction with other standard treatments.
Toward a deeper understanding of the choice process in child consumers through the concept of the evoked set
Authors: Rouen-Mallet Caroline , Ezan Pascale , Mallet Stéphane
Published: November 2014

This article examines the important concept of the evoked set, applied for the first time to children. The main results confirm its existence in their decision process and highlight its specificities in terms of size and content. The data analysis underlines that the size of the evoked set depends on three main factors: brand sensitivity, the level of involvement, and whether the product is used in private or in public. As for its content, the study suggests that brands are more likely to be present in the evoked set if they are perceived as typical of their product category. These results open up important lines of inquiry as to how children appropriate brands both at a functional and symbolic level in their everyday life.
Giving “Sadness” a Name
Authors: Odokonyero Raymond , Wagner Glenn , Ngo Victoria , Nakasujja Noeline , Musisi Seggane , Akena Dickens
Published: November 2014

Depression is common among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and can have significant consequences for HIV disease progression, treatment response and prevention. Yet mental health services are limited in most HIV care programs in this region, in part due to severe shortages of mental health professionals. To address the need for establishing an effective, sustainable model for integrating depression treatment into HIV care in SSA, we have embarked upon a 3-year research project, INDEPTH Uganda (INtegrating DEPression Treatment and in HIV care in Uganda), to evaluate a task-sharing, protocolized approach to providing antidepressant care in ten HIV clinics in Uganda. In this paper we share our experiences with two treated cases identified during the initial days of implementation, which we believe highlight the potential value and policy implications for task shifting depression care models in under-resourced settings.
Incorporation and Assessment of Portable Tablet Technology During a Patient Counseling Exercise
Authors: Maidhof William , Marziliano Anthony , Gillespie Marc
Published: November 2014

Background: The marriage of cutting-edge technology to the practice of pharmacy for the purpose of promoting patient safety and enhancing pharmacy workflow is an exciting and continuous evolution. Objective: To assess whether the incorporation of portable tablet technology into a mock patient counseling exercise enhances or detracts from the overall counseling experience. Methods: Second professional year Doctor of Pharmacy students enrolled in a pharmacy practice laboratory were randomly assigned to either a portable tablet or a desktop computer group. During patient counseling, students using the portable tablet were required to incorporate the device into the counseling session in addition to written notations; the desktop computer group was allowed to utilize only written notations. Surveys were developed and distributed to students and instructors following each counseling session. Survey data and numerical grades earned for each counseling session were collected and analyzed. Results: One hundred seventy-eight students participated in the study. Survey data revealed students in the portable tablet group were more satisfied with their patient counseling sessions, as well as more confident during their interactions. Instructor grading revealed similar earned numerical grades for both study groups. Instructors noted little or no difference between the groups with regard to counseling effectiveness; however, students in the portable tablet group appeared more engaged with their mock patients. Conclusion: Incorporation of a portable tablet during a patient education session did not detract from, and may have enhanced, the experience. However, the essential components of the pharmacist–patient interaction remain vital, and technology should not become the focus of the interaction.
Creep and damage investigation of advanced martensitic chromium steel weldments for high temperature applications in thermal power plants
Authors: Schlacher C. , Béal C. , Sommitsch C. , Mitsche S. , Mayr P.
Published: November 2014

With the aim to increase base material creep strength and overcome the type IV cracking problem, a new design concept was developed. This so called martensitic boron–nitrogen strengthened steel (MARBN) combines boron strengthening through solid solution with precipitation strengthening by finely dispersed nitrides. In this work, uniaxial creep tests of the MARBN base material and welded joints have been carried out. The creep strength of the welded joints was analysed, and the evolution of creep damage was investigated. The creep tests of MARBN revealed increased strength of the base material of about +20% compared to the best commercially available 9Cr steel grade. At higher stress levels, the creep strength of crosswelds is between that of the MARBN base material and the conventional 9Cr base materials. Nevertheless, long term creep tests revealed a drop in creep strength of the MARBN welded joints. The underlying phenomena of crossweld creep behaviour are discussed in detail.
Numerical characterisation of fullerene based polymer nanocomposites considering interface effects
Authors: Hashemi Gahruei M.
Published: November 2014

In this investigation, the effective mechanical properties of fullerene nanocomposites considering interface effects were characterised. Load transfer in nanocomposite materials is achieved through the fullerene/matrix interface. Thus, to determine nanocomposite mechanical properties, the interface behaviour must be determined. A single fullerene and the surrounding polymer matrix are modelled. Two cases of perfect bonding and an elastic interface are considered. Two models are suggested for elastic interface. The first elastic interface model consists of a thin layer of an elastic material surrounding the fullerene. In the second elastic interface model, a series of spring elements are used as the fullerene/matrix interface. The results of numerical models indicate the importance of adequate interface bonding for a more effective strengthening of polymer matrix by fullerene. Also, Young's modulus prediction for fullerene in epoxy matrix is compared to experimental data investigated by Rafiee et al. (2011), and good agreement is observed.
How I treat poisoning with vitamin K antagonists
Authors: Schulman Sol , Furie Bruce
Published: November 2014

Severe deficiency of vitamin K–dependent proteins in patients not maintained on vitamin K antagonists is most commonly associated with poisoning by or surreptitious ingestion of warfarin, warfarin-like anticoagulants, or potent rodenticides (“superwarfarins”), such as brodifacoum. Serious bleeding manifestations are common. Superwarfarins are 2 orders of magnitude more potent than warfarin and have a half-life measured in weeks. These rodenticides are readily available household environmental hazards and are sometimes consumed accidentally or as manifestations of psychiatric disease. Immediate diagnosis and proper therapy is critically important to minimize morbidity and mortality because this condition, affecting thousands of patients annually, is reversible. Treatment with large doses of oral vitamin K1, often over months to years, to maintain a near-normal prothrombin time can reverse the coagulopathy associated with superwarfarins. Although these patients initially present to various medical specialties, the hematologist is often consulted to offer the definitive diagnosis and proper therapy.
Diagnosis and allergen immunotherapy treatment of polysensitised patients with respiratory allergy in Spain: an Allergists’ Consensus
Authors: Vidal Carmen , Enrique Ernesto , Gonzalo Angeles , Moreno Carmen , Tabar Ana I ,   Expert Clinical Participants
Published: November 2014

Background

Polysensitisation is common in patients with respiratory allergy in Spain. Selection of the best allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is difficult in polysensitised patients. The present study was designed to help allergists better identify relevant allergens in these patients and to improve the selection of AIT in Spain.

Methods

Sixty‐two Spanish allergists answered a survey containing 88 items divided into four groups: 1) general approach to polysensitised subjects; 2) sensitisation profile involving mite, animal dander and moulds; 3) grass and olive pollen co‐sensitisation, and 4) other pollen polysensitisation profile (weed and tree pollen). The Delphi method was used.

Results

A consensus was achieved for 83% of items (92%, 81%, 83% and 73% of the four groups analysed, respectively). Only polysensitised patients with clinical relevance should be considered polyallergic. A detailed medical history (clinical symptoms and medication) together with a profound knowledge of allergens present in the patient's environment are essential for diagnosis. Skin prick tests (SPTs) are not adequate to decide the clinical relevance of each allergen. Serum specific IgE against allergen sources adds value to SPT but molecular diagnosis, when possible, is strongly recommended, especially in pollen‐allergic patients. Specific allergen challenge tests are difficult to perform and not recommended for daily practice. Regarding AIT composition, up to three allergens can be used in the same vaccine, but only related allergens may be mixed. In some cases more than one vaccine may be needed.

Conclusion

Some criteria have been established to improve diagnosis and AIT prescription in polysensitised patients.
A CRISPR design for next-generation antimicrobials
Authors: Beisel Chase L , Gomaa Ahmed A , Barrangou Rodolphe
Published: November 2014

Two recent publications have demonstrated how delivering CRISPR nucleases provides a promising solution to the growing problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance.
A comprehensive discussion on colour conversion element design of phosphor converted LEDs
Authors: Schweitzer Susanne , Sommer Christian , Hartmann Paul , Fulmek Paul , Nicolics Johann , Pachler Peter , Hoschopf Hans , Schrank Franz , Langer Gregor , Wenzl Franz P
Published: November 2014

For a systematic approach to improve the white light quality of phosphor converted light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for general lighting applications it is imperative to get the individual sources of error for correlated colour temperature (CCT) reproducibility and maintenance under control. In this regard, it is of essential importance to understand how geometrical, optical and thermal properties of the colour conversion elements (CCEs), which typically consist of phosphor particles embedded in a transparent matrix material, affect the constancy of a desired CCT value. In this contribution we use an LED assembly consisting of an LED die mounted on a printed circuit board by chip-on-board technology and a CCE with a globe-top configuration on the top of it as a model system and discuss the impact of the CCE size, the substrate reflectivity as well as the thermal load of the CCEs on CCT maintenance and the respective radiant fluxes. It turns out that optimized solutions for CCT maintenance and high radiant fluxes in regard of one of the relevant influence factors do not need to be optimized solutions in regard of another one.
President's Page
Authors: Liner Christopher
Published: November 2014

After nearly a year of briefings and six full SEG Board of Directors meetings, I feel like the Man Who Knew Too Much. I could talk about it at great length in person, but summing it up in the 800 words for this editorial is no simple matter. Here, nonetheless, are a few salient points:
Seismic Data Analysis launches in the SEG Wiki
Authors: Farley Isaac
Published: November 2014

It is here! Öz Yilmaz' renowned Seismic Data Analysis is now fully available as an open-access book in the SEG Wiki at http://wiki.seg.org/wiki/Seismic_Data_Analysis . With its launch, SEG's two best-selling books — Seismic Data Analysis and Sheriff's Encyclopedia Dictionary of Applied Geophysics — are freely available at wiki.seg.org .
The lipoprotein receptor LRP1 modulates sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling and is essential for vascular development
Authors: Nakajima Chikako , Haffner Philipp , Goerke Sebastian M. , Zurhove Kai , Adelmann Giselind , Frotscher Michael , Herz Joachim , Bock Hans H. , May Petra
Published: November 2014

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is indispensable for embryonic development. Comparing different genetically engineered mouse models, we found that expression of Lrp1 is essential in the embryo proper. Loss of LRP1 leads to lethal vascular defects with lack of proper investment with mural cells of both large and small vessels. We further demonstrate that LRP1 modulates Gi-dependent sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling and integrates S1P and PDGF-BB signaling pathways, which are both crucial for mural cell recruitment, via its intracellular domain. Loss of LRP1 leads to a lack of S1P-dependent inhibition of RAC1 and loss of constraint of PDGF-BB-induced cell migration. Our studies thus identify LRP1 as a novel player in angiogenesis and in the recruitment and maintenance of mural cells. Moreover, they reveal an unexpected link between lipoprotein receptor and sphingolipid signaling that, in addition to angiogenesis during embryonic development, is of potential importance for other targets of these pathways, such as tumor angiogenesis and inflammatory processes.
Cash for Coolers: Evaluating a Large-Scale Appliance Replacement Program in Mexico
Authors: Davis Lucas W. , Fuchs Alan , Gertler Paul
Published: November 2014

This paper evaluates a large-scale appliance replacement program in Mexico that from 2009 to 2012 helped 1.9 million households replace their old refrigerators and air conditioners with energy-efficient models. Using household-level billing records from  the universe of Mexican residential customers, we find that refrigerator replacement reduces electricity consumption by 8 percent, about one-quarter of what was predicted by ex ante analyses. Moreover, we find that air conditioning replacement actually increases electricity consumption. Overall, we find that the program is an expensive way to reduce externalities from energy use, reducing carbon dioxide emissions at a program cost of over $500 per ton. (JEL L68, L94, O12, O13, Q41, Q54)
Estimating Taxable Income Responses Using Danish Tax Reforms
Authors: Kleven Henrik Jacobsen , Schultz Esben Anton
Published: November 2014

This paper estimates taxable income responses using a series of Danish tax reforms and population-wide administrative data since 1980. The tax variation and data in Denmark makes it possible to overcome the biases from nontax changes in inequality and mean reversion that plague the existing literature. We provide compelling graphical evidence of taxable income responses, arguably representing the first nonparametrically identified evidence of taxable income elasticities using tax reforms. We also present panel regression evidence that is extremely robust to specification, unlike previous results which have been very sensitive. (JEL D31, H24, H31, J22)
The Trade-Offs of Welfare Policies in Labor Markets with Informal Jobs: The Case of the “Seguro Popular” Program in Mexico
Authors: Bosch Mariano , Campos-Vazquez Raymundo M.
Published: November 2014

In 2002, the Mexican government began an effort to improve health access to the 50 million uninsured in Mexico, a program known as Seguro Popular (SP). The SP offered virtually free health insurance to informal workers, altering the incentives to operate in the formal economy. We find that the SP program had a negative effect on the number of employers and employees formally registered in small and medium firms (up to 50 employees). Our results suggest that the positive gains of expanding health coverage should be weighed against the implications of the reallocation of labor away from the formal sector. (JEL E26, I13, I18, I38, J46, O15, O17)
APOC3 may not be a predictor of risk of ischemic vascular disease in the Chinese population
Authors: Tang Liang , Cheng Zhi-Peng , Wang Qing-Yun , Zeng Wei , Liu Hui , Wu Ying-Ying , Hu Bei , Hu Yu
Published: November 2014

The genetic background of ischemic vascular disease is actively being explored. Several studies have shown that inhibition of APOC3 significantly reduces plasma levels of apolipoprotein C3 and triglycerides. Recently, the TG and HDL Working Group and Jørgensen et al. reported that loss-of-function mutations in APOC3 are associated with decreased triglyceride levels and a reduced risk of ischemic vascular disease in European and African individuals. We performed a replication study in 4470 Chinese participants. The coding regions of APOC3 were amplified and re-sequenced. However, only synonymous and intronic variants with no functional consequences were identified. None of the loss-of-function mutations reported in European and African individuals were observed. Therefore, APOC3 may not be an ideal predictor for risk of ischemic vascular disease in the Chinese population.
Recurrent and persistent thrush in pregnancy
Authors: Duncan Deborah
Published: November 2014

This article looks at the diagnosis and management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) in non-pregnant and pregnant women. This is a distressing condition that can cause a variety of different symptoms, including preterm labour. Although it is a commonly occurring infection in up to 40% of pregnant women, it should not be treated lightly. There is a range of anti-fungal medications although some cannot be used in pregnancy. This article is a helpful reminder of what can be prescribed.
Mobile translators for non-English-speaking women accessing maternity services
Authors: Haith-Cooper Melanie
Published: November 2014

It is becoming increasingly common for midwives to care for women who do not speak English, and UK interpreting services are often inadequate and underused. Persistent language barriers have been found to contribute to maternal and perinatal mortality thus it is essential that these barriers are overcome to provide safe maternity care. This article reports on a two-stage study undertaken to address this. The study aimed to:

• Identify difficulties midwives experience when communicating with non-English-speaking women. Through undertaking a group interview with 11 senior students, four themes emerged: accessing interpreters, working with interpreters, cultural barriers and strategies to address persistent language barriers • Explore the feasibility of using mobile devices with a translation application to communicate in clinical practice. Google Translate was tested in a simulated clinical environment with multi-lingual service users. Google Translate was not adequately developed to be safely used in maternity services. However, a maternity-specific mobile application could be built to help midwives and women communicate in the presence of a persistent language barrier.
Research roundup—November 2014
Authors: Richens Yana
Published: November 2014

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles from around the world that may be of interest to midwives is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Using your experiences
Authors: Campbell Aileen
Published: November 2014

This article explores how one practitioner's own learning difficulties and experiences in the school system have helped to shape how she now supports young children's communication development.
Finger pattern flashes
Authors: Moffett Pamela
Published: November 2014

This article explores the importance of using spatial and finger patterns in early number recognition and suggests activities that can be used to support the development of skills, such as subitization.
Just your average hero
Authors: Clarkeis Jenni
Published: November 2014

Our third article explores how a different type of character can be used to explore the seven areas of learning via both adult-led and child-initiated activities and with the use of cleverly placed resources.
Together in harmony
Authors: Williams David
Published: November 2014

Music consists of a number of different elements, which we will explore in more detail over the course of this short series, using practical activities. This month, we look at how harmony accompanies melody.
Exercise, HPV, loss of smell
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: November 2014

Mark Greener presents the latest clinical research
MERS-CoV: an emerging disease
Authors: Driver Carolyn
Published: November 2014

The latest infectious disease to emerge is Middle East respiratory syndrome, explains Carolyn Driver
Living beyond cancer treatment
Authors: Harmer Victoria , Cruickshank Susanne
Published: November 2014

A body of knowledge is emerging on supporting cancer survivors, say Victoria Harmer and Susanne Cruickshank
Preserving antibiotic efficacy
Authors: Stokle Liz , Gallagher Rose , Morrow Kate , Singleton Susie
Published: November 2014

Primary care and community nurses are at the forefront of fighting antibiotic resistance, say Liz Stokle, Rose Gallagher, Kate Morrow and Susie Singleton
Helping children learn and grow
Authors: Amin Mandakini , Day Asha
Published: November 2014

Mandakini Amin and Asha Day discuss supporting children to be more active in the early years
Staying ahead of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jones Jeni
Published: November 2014

Nurses need to be vigilant to spot red flags and refer patients immediately, explains Jeni Jones
Facial conditions, in images
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: November 2014

Jean Watkins describes the causes, diagnosis and methods of treatment for skin disorders that occur on patient's faces
Cemented stems
Authors: Mullaji A. , Shetty G. M.
Published: November 2014

Stems may improve fixation and stability of components during revision total knee replacement. However, the choice between cemented and cementless stems is not a clear one. Cemented stems offer several advantages in terms of versatility, mechanical stability, surgical technique and clinical outcome over their cementless counterpart.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):115–7.
Patient dissatisfaction following total knee replacement
Authors: Nam D. , Nunley R. M. , Barrack R. L.
Published: November 2014

A national, multi-centre study was designed in which a questionnaire quantifying the degree of patient satisfaction and residual symptoms in patients following total knee replacement (TKR) was administered by an independent, blinded third party survey centre. A total of 90% of patients reported satisfaction with the overall functioning of their knee, but 66% felt their knee to be ‘normal’, with the reported incidence of residual symptoms and functional problems ranging from 33% to 54%. Female patients and patients from low-income households had increased odds of reporting dissatisfaction. Neither the use of contemporary implant designs (gender-specific, high-flex, rotating platform) or custom cutting guides (CCG) with a neutral mechanical axis target improved patient-perceived outcomes. However, use of a CCG to perform a so-called kinematically aligned TKR showed a trend towards more patients reporting their knee to feel ‘normal’ when compared with a so called mechanically aligned TKR

This data shows a degree of dissatisfaction and residual symptoms following TKR, and that several recent modifications in implant design and surgical technique have not improved the current situation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):96–100.
Periprosthetic fractures
Authors: Yasen A. T. , Haddad F. S.
Published: November 2014

We are currently facing an epidemic of periprosthetic fractures around the hip. They may occur either during surgery or post-operatively. Although the acetabulum may be involved, the femur is most commonly affected. We are being presented with new, difficult fracture patterns around cemented and cementless implants, and we face the challenge of an elderly population who may have grossly deficient bone and may struggle to rehabilitate after such injuries. The correct surgical management of these fractures is challenging. This article will review the current choices of implants and techniques available to deal with periprosthetic fractures of the femur.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):48–55.
The unstable knee
Authors: Abdel M. P. , Haas S. B.
Published: November 2014

Instability after total knee replacement (TKR) accounts for 10% to 22% of revision procedures. All patients who present for evaluation of instability require a thorough history to be taken and physical examination, as well as appropriate imaging. Deep periprosthetic infection must be ruled out by laboratory testing and an aspiration of the knee must be carried out. The three main categories of instability include flexion instability, extension instability (symmetric and asymmetric), and genu recurvatum. Most recently, the aetiologies contributing to, and surgical manoeuvres required to correct, flexion instability have been elucidated. While implant design and patient-related factors may certainly contribute to the aetiology, surgical technique is also a significant factor in all forms of post-operative instability.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):112–4.
Cementless total knee replacement fixation
Authors: Kwong L. M. , Nielsen E. S. N. , Ruiz D. R. , Hsu A. H. , Dines M. D. , Mellano C. M.
Published: November 2014

A retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing primary cementless total knee replacement (TKR) using porous tantalum performed by a group of surgical trainees. Clinical and radiological follow-up involved 79 females and 26 males encompassing 115 knees. The mean age was 66.9 years (36 to 85). Mean follow-up was 7 years (2 to 11). Tibial and patellar components were porous tantalum monoblock implants, and femoral components were posterior stabilised (PS) in design with cobalt–chromium fibre mesh. Radiological assessments were made for implant positioning, alignment, radiolucencies, lysis, and loosening. There was 95.7% survival of implants. There was no radiological evidence of loosening and no osteolysis found. No revisions were performed for aseptic loosening. Average tibial component alignment was 1.4° of varus (4°of valgus to 9° varus), and 6.2° (3° anterior to 15° posterior) of posterior slope. Mean femoral component alignment was 6.6° (1° to 11°) of valgus. Mean tibiofemoral alignment was 5.6° of valgus (7° varus to 16° valgus). Patellar tilt was a mean of 2.4° lateral (5° medial to 28° lateral). Patient satisfaction with improvement in pain was 91%. Cementless TKR incorporating porous tantalum yielded good clinical and radiological outcomes at a mean of follow-up of seven-years.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):87–92.
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing for Wilson Disease by Use of Circulating Single-Molecule Amplification and Resequencing Technology (cSMART)
Authors: Lv Weigang , Wei Xianda , Guo Ruolan , Liu Qin , Zheng Yu , Chang Jiazhen , Bai Ting , Li Haoxian , Zhang Jianguang , Song Zhuo , Cram David S , Liang Desheng , Wu Lingqian
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for monogenic diseases by use of PCR-based strategies requires precise quantification of mutant fetal alleles circulating in the maternal plasma. The study describes the development and validation of a novel assay termed circulating single-molecule amplification and resequencing technology (cSMART) for counting single allelic molecules in plasma. Here we demonstrate the suitability of cSMART for NIPT, with Wilson Disease (WD) as proof of concept.

METHODS

We used Sanger and whole-exome sequencing to identify familial ATP7B (ATPase, Cu++ transporting, β polypeptide) gene mutations. For cSMART, single molecules were tagged with unique barcodes and circularized, and alleles were targeted and replicated by inverse PCR. The unique single allelic molecules were identified by sequencing and counted, and the percentage of mutant alleles in the original maternal plasma sample was used to determine fetal genotypes.

RESULTS

Four families with WD pedigrees consented to the study. Using Sanger and whole-exome sequencing, we mapped the pathogenic ATP7B mutations in each pedigree and confirmed the proband's original diagnosis of WD. After validation of cSMART with defined plasma models mimicking fetal inheritance of paternal, maternal, or both parental mutant alleles, we retrospectively showed in second pregnancies that the fetal genotypes assigned by invasive testing and NIPT were concordant.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed a reliable and accurate NIPT assay that correctly diagnosed the fetal genotypes in 4 pregnancies at risk for WD. This novel technology has potential as a universal strategy for NIPT of other monogenic disorders, since it requires only knowledge of the parental pathogenic mutations.
The Landscape of MicroRNA, Piwi-Interacting RNA, and Circular RNA in Human Saliva
Authors: Bahn Jae Hoon , Zhang Qing , Li Feng , Chan Tak-Ming , Lin Xianzhi , Kim Yong , Wong David T W , Xiao Xinshu
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) in human body fluids are emerging as effective biomarkers for detection of diseases. Saliva, as the most accessible and noninvasive body fluid, has been shown to harbor exRNA biomarkers for several human diseases. However, the entire spectrum of exRNA from saliva has not been fully characterized.

METHODS

Using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we conducted an in-depth bioinformatic analysis of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human cell-free saliva (CFS) from healthy individuals, with a focus on microRNAs (miRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs).

RESULTS

Our data demonstrated robust reproducibility of miRNA and piRNA profiles across individuals. Furthermore, individual variability of these salivary RNA species was highly similar to those in other body fluids or cellular samples, despite the direct exposure of saliva to environmental impacts. By comparative analysis of >90 RNA-Seq data sets of different origins, we observed that piRNAs were surprisingly abundant in CFS compared with other body fluid or intracellular samples, with expression levels in CFS comparable to those found in embryonic stem cells and skin cells. Conversely, miRNA expression profiles in CFS were highly similar to those in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Using a customized bioinformatics method, we identified >400 circRNAs in CFS. These data represent the first global characterization and experimental validation of circRNAs in any type of extracellular body fluid.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study provides a comprehensive landscape of ncRNA species in human saliva that will facilitate further biomarker discoveries and lay a foundation for future studies related to ncRNAs in human saliva.
Rendimiento de la memoria prospectiva en personas mayores, adultos y jóvenes.
Authors: Vélez Larrota Rúber S. , Menacho Jiménez Inmaculada , Marchena Consejero Esperanza , Navarro Guzmán José I. , Aguilar Villagrán Manuel
Published: November 2014

La finalidad del presente trabajo fue comprobar las diferencias que pudieran existir en Memoria Prospectiva (MP) entre jóvenes, adultos y personas mayores; analizar las relaciones existentes entre variables de comprensión y fluidez verbal y la MP; y verificar la existencia de relaciones entre la percepción subjetiva del estado de salud y el rendimiento de la MP. A través de un diseño transversal, se trabajó con 270 participantes distribuidos en tres grupos de edad: jóvenes de 18 a 28 años; adultos de 45 a 55, y personas mayores de 60 a 80. Se evaluó a los participantes en relación con sus aptitudes de comprensión y fluidez verbal, así como en la percepción subjetiva de su estado de salud. Posteriormente se realizó un experimento donde se les presentaron párrafos de tres frases en la pantalla del computador y ellos tenían que reconocer palabras previamente acordadas, que indicarían su nivel de MP. Los resultados permitieron confirmar diferencias significativas en memoria prospectiva entre mayores y jóvenes. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias entre jóvenes y adultos. Se detectó la importancia de las aptitudes verbales y la influencia de la percepción subjetiva del estado de salud para tener un mejor rendimiento en estas tareas de laboratorio de MP
The hemodynamic response to acoustically modified syllables in premature and full term newborn infants acquired by near infrared spectroscopy.
Authors: Carlier Torres María Elizabeth Mónica , Harmony Thalia , Ricardo Garcell Josefina , Marroquín José L. , Colmenero Miguel
Published: November 2014

This research assesses, in newborns, the hemodynamic response to acoustically modified syllables (pronounced in a prolonged manner), versus the response to unmodified syllables (pronounced at a normal rate). The aim was to assess which of these stimulation conditions produced better syllable discrimination in two groups of neonates: 13 preterm (mean gestational age 30 weeks, SD 3 weeks), and 13 full term newborns (mean age 38 weeks, SD 1 week). Syllable discrimination, in each condition, was assessed by using an oddball paradigm (equal syllable trials vs. different syllable trials). The statistical analysis was based on the comparison between the hemodynamic response [oxyHbO] obtained by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to different syllable trials vs. equal syllable trials, in each condition. The modified syllable condition was better in producing trial discrimination in both groups. The amplitude of the hemodynamic response to the different syllable trials was greater than the one to the equal syllable trials: for term infants, t = 2.59, p = 0.024, and for preterm t = 2.38, p = 0.035. This finding occurred in the left temporal lobe. These data suggest that the modified syllables facilitate processing of phonemes from birth.
Identificación por padres y maestros de síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad.
Authors: Hernández Hernández Alberto Germán , Montiel Ramos Teresita , Martínez Borrayo Juan Gerardo
Published: November 2014

Con el fin de contribuir a la investigación epidemiológica del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad–TDAH se analizaron las semejanzas y diferencias en los cuestionarios contestados por padres y maestros para la identificación de síntomas del TDAH en niños que acuden a consulta psicológica al Hospital Civil Fray Antonio Alcalde en Guadalajara, México. Padres y maestros de 168 niños (46 niñas, 122 niños, edad promedio de 8.2 años) contestaron respectivamente un cuestionario de 18 preguntas, estructurado a partir de los criterios diagnósticos para el TDAH propuestos en el DSM-IV. Como resultados, el análisis estadístico arrojó una concordancia moderada entre padres y maestros, observando diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en 6 de los 18 reactivos. Los criterios concordantes se refieren, en su mayoría, a síntomas de desatención, mientras que las diferencias observadas tienen que ver con conductas asociadas a hiperactividad e impulsividad, con puntuaciones más altas otorgadas por parte de los padres. También se observó que al analizar en forma separada a niños y niñas no se encuentran diferencias significativas en la mayoría de las puntuaciones otorgadas a las niñas, mientras que las discrepancias son observadas principalmente en los puntajes otorgados a los niños, tanto de los primeros como de los últimos grados escolares, con mayores puntuaciones asignadas por los padres de familia. Se concluye que, efectivamente, tanto padres como maestros dan diferente significación a la conducta de los menores, dependiendo de su edad y su género, principalmente por su capacidad de control atencional y de su actividad motora, tanto en casa, como en la escuela.
Product Diversification and Market Value of Large International Firms: A Macroenvironmental Perspective
Authors: Qiu Tianjiao
Published: November 2014

Drawing on a strategic fit perspective in international marketing, this study explores how macroenvironmental factors—cultural dimensions and globalization forces—affect the relationship between product diversification and market value of large international firms. The author hypothesizes that (1) the four dimensions of culture (individualism–collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and masculinity–femininity) significantly affect product diversification and (2) economic and social globalization positively moderate the relationship between product diversification and market value of large international firms. The author empirically examines the hypothesized relationships using a sample of 485 firm-year observations from 17 countries for the period between 2006 and 2009. Using the hierarchical linear modeling technique, the author demonstrates that firms in countries with cultures characterized by high uncertainty avoidance and low power distance have a higher degree of product diversification, and product diversification in turn has a significant positive impact on firm market value. Furthermore, the author demonstrates that economic and social globalization, as indicated by actual flows, personal contacts, and information flows, positively moderates the relationship between product diversification and market value of large international firms.
„Strategieentwicklung und Neuorganisation ZB MED“ oder „Was Shakespeare mit dem Leibniz-Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften verbindet“
Authors: Roesner Elke
Published: November 2014

Spätestens seit 2012 ist ein massiver Veränderungsdruck in der Deutschen Zentralbibliothek für Medizin (ZB MED) vorhanden. Aus einer eher klassischen Spezialbibliothek soll eine stärker an der Forschung ausgerichtete, rechtlich selbstständige Einrichtung werden. Ziele sind es, das Dienstleistungsangebot an neuen Informationsbedarfen auszurichten und sich durch Hochschulkooperationen und Forschung und Entwicklung auszuzeichnen, um ein konkurrenzfähiger Fachinformationsdienstleister zu bleiben. Das daraus abgeleitete Projekt „Strategie- und Neuorganisationsprozess ZB MED“ wird beschrieben, Erfahrungen werden diskutiert und allgemein nutzbare Lessons learned für Veränderungsprozesse in Bibliotheken abgeleitet.
Lautsymbolik – ein vernachlässigter Forschungsgegenstand der Sprachwissenschaft
Authors: Elsen Hilke
Published: November 2014

As texts about sound symbolism are currently missing, this article wants to inspire new interest in this topic. To begin with, earlier studies are surveyed which dealt directly with sound symbolism in various empiric ways. Next, fields of research are depicted which presently touch upon sound symbolism, such as language evolution, synesthesia, ideophones, names in literature and brand names. It will be argued that research in sound symbolism proper could help to support and even put into perspective some quite hasty results in neighbouring disciplines.