bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Friendly Agent Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): Antifeedant Potency of Mentha spicata Aqueous Extracts
Authors: Peprah-Yamoah Emmanuel , Afrifa-Yamoah Ebenezer , Ofori Hayford , Adua Eric
Published: August 2022

The rising trends of insect resistance, coupled with escalating environmental pollution from synthetic pesticides, heighten the need for a more effective and, non-hazardous agents to control insect/pests. Different aqueous extracts of Mentha spicata were screened for their phytochemical constituents and their antifeedant activities against Spodoptera frugiperda. Screening of the different aqueous extracts of Mentha spicata obtained by cold maceration revealed the presence of phenolics and tannins. The concentration of phenols and tannins in the water, glycerine, and glycerine plus water (glycerine-water) extracts were significantly different (p < 0.05). Mentha spicata water extract had a greater antifeedant activity against Spodoptera frugiperda as compared to glycerine and glycerine-water (60:40, v/v) extracts at a concentration of 5g/100 mL. The estimated % antifeedant activity recorded were 97 as against 8.21 and 49.81, respectively. Aqueous neem seed water extracts gave an estimated % antifeedant activity of 93.07 and it served as a control. Saponins were absent in all extracts and only water extracts had alkaloids present. The simple, non-hazardous, and cost-saving extraction method demonstrated could be applied in both commercial and subsistent farming to counteract the damnable effects of Spodoptera frugiperda infestation.
Evaluation and Identification of Silkworm (Bombyx mori L) Genetic Resources Tolerant to Temperature and Humidity
Authors: Maheswari M. , Lokesh G. , Chaudhuri Ritwika Sur , Chandrakanth N. , Murali . , Srinivasulu . , Sreenivasa B. T.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study is identification of bivoltine breeds suitable for regional abiotic stress conditions to achieve successful bivoltine cocoon production.

Study Design: In this regard the present study has been taken up with ten bivoltine accessions (4 oval and 6 dumbbell) linked to thermo tolerance of SSR markers and evaluated under different agroclimatic conditions namely, (a) high temperature and low humidity; (b) moderate temperature and high humidity and (c) moderate temperature and high humidity.

Place and Duration of the Study: The study has been taken up for 2 years , where the trials were conducted for abiotic stress conditions at CSR & TI, Berhampore (West Bengal), RSRS, Jammu (J&K) and REC, Chitradurga (Karnataka).

Methodology: The ten shortlisted bivoltine accessions (oval and dumbbell) showing thermo tolerance evaluated at hotspots were collected and reared at different locations for data collection and analysis of rearing parameters viz. larval wt.(g), ERR/No., (survival) ERR/wt (kg), pupation rate (%), single cocoon weight (g), single cocoon shell weight (g),shell ratio (%) along with control CSR2 (oval) and CSR4 (dumbbell).

Results: Among the ten bivoltine accessions, the performance of BBI-0086 [KPG-A], BBI-0339[DD-2], BBE-0184[SMGS-2] and BBI-0338[DD-1], BBI-0336[APS-8] were found to be stable in all locations respectively.

Conclusion: The present study elucidate the impact of temperature and humidity associated stress conditions over economic traits performances of selected bivoltine accessions. The findings of the present study provide a suitable platform for future bivoltine crop improvement through breeding program.
Effect of Nutrient and Spacing on Growth and Biomass Production in Poplar under Nursery Condition
Authors: Kumar Manish , Poonia Pawan Kumar , Dhillon R. S. , Ranawat J. S. , Daneva Vijay
Published: August 2022

Nutrient management is one of the prime factors which play a pivotal role on the growth, development and successful completion of life cycle in all green plants. It is very essential to establish alternate and fast growing tree species to meet the raw material demand of various wood based industries. Poplar occupies an important place amongst fast growing species due to their multiple uses as an industrial raw material in pulp and paper. In this study, effect of different spacing (60×60 cm, 70×30 cm and 80×30 cm) and fertilizer levels (N1= N0 P0 K0 (Control), N2= N100 P50 K25, N3= N150 P75 K37.5, N4= N200 P100 K50, N5= N250 P75 K62.5 and N6= N0 P0 K0 + Biofertilizers) on growth of poplar under nursery condition during 2019 and 2020. The performances of growth were influenced by N, P and K at different levels. All the growth characters viz. sprouting per cent, basal diameter, leaf area and total biomass in general increased significantly with increased spacing during both the experimental years. However, plant height and chlorophyll content showed differential response and increased significantly with decrease in spacing. Fertilizer application significantly improved the growth of poplar clones in terms of basal diameter, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content and total biomass over control. The performances of growth were influenced by N, P and K at different levels during 2019 and 2020 in poplar nursery were found significantly higher in N200P100K50  and the lowest in control among all the other nutrients levels.  In poplar nursery, the growth was significantly higher for 60 × 60 cm spacing as compared to other spacings of poplar. The highest growth in poplar was registered under the application of N200 P100 K50 with 60×60 cm spacing.
Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Infections in Tharaka-Nithi County
Authors: Purity Kiteme M. , Benson Onyango O. , Eric Njagi C. , Fredrick Ogolla O.
Published: August 2022

Health care is a basic need to humans which can only be achieved with medicines with high efficacy against disease causing pathogens. Globally, gastrointestinal infections are major health concern particularly to travelers since over 60% visiting tropical and subtropical regions develop diarrhea. Herbal plants have been used for decades to treat gastrointestinal infections globally including Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya. However, there is little information on the demography of herbalist and the plants used in treatment of gastrointestinal infections such as typhoid, cholera and shigellosis. A cross sectional survey was carried out involving thirty herbalists to assess their demographic data and to establish herbs commonly used to treat typhoid, cholera and shigellosis in Tharaka-Nithi County. Data collected was subjected to Chi square test of association and descriptive statistics and presented in percentages. There were more male herbalists (65.52%) in the study than female herbalist (34.48%). Most of the herbalist (65.52%) were aged above 70 years. There was a significant (p < 0.05) association between herbalists’ level of education and age (X2 (6, N = 30) = 17.349, p = 0.008). Most herbalists were found to have below primary education level 58.62%. Aloe vera, Aspilia pluriseta, Ficus sycomorus and Physalis peruviana were identified as commonly used plants for treatment of cholera with Aspilia pluriseta being most preferred (27%) by herbalist above the age of 70 years. Vangueria infausta, Eucalyptus globulus, Carissa edulis and Erythrina abysinnica were commonly used for treatment of shigellosis with Eucalyptus globulus being most preferred (58.6%) by herbalist above the age of 70 years. Erythrina abysinnica, Carissa edulis, Vangueria infausta and Eucalyptus globulus were commonly used for treatment of typhoid while 50.0% of herbalist above the age of 70 preferred Erythrina abysinnica. Most of the herbalists had below primary education level. In conclusion, herbal medicine is mostly dispensed by older people in Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya. Different herbal plants are used in the treatment of cholera, shigellosis and typhoid.
Sodium Butyrate as Adjuvant Therapy with Mycophenolate Mofetil for Amelioration of Skin Fibrosis in Bleomycin-induced Scleroderma in Mice via Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant, Antiapoptotic and Antifibrotic Mechanisms
Authors: Othman Qamar , Abdelmaaboud Maaly A. , Abdin Amany A. , Fathi Fleur
Published: August 2022

Background: Scleroderma is an autoimmune, multi-organ disease; its clinical hallmark is cutaneous and systemic fibrosis. Up to date, there is no definite cure.

Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of sodium butyrate (NaB), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) each alone or both in a mice model of scleroderma induced by bleomycin (BLM), and to clarify some of their possible mechanisms on oxidative stress, immunological pattern, apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis.

Methods: This study was carried out on 50 Balb/C mice, divided into 5 equal groups. Serum levels of anticentromere antibody (ACA), and skin tissue levels of the following parameters were assayed: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Tissue sections were examined for histopathological changes, dermal thickness, and immunohistochemical expression of caspase- 3, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).

Results and Conclusion: The combined group showed a significant decline in TGF-β1, IL-4, MDA levels, caspase-3, and α-SMA, as well as a significant increase in SOD. Moreover, marked reduction in dermal fibrosis and dermal thickness compared to monotherapy by either NaB or MMF. The combination of NaB and MMF is a promising candidate for the treatment of scleroderma.
PARA ALÉM DA TOLERÂNCIA
Authors: Jardim Céli Regina
Published: August 2022

Análise da noção de tolerância, suas implicações e limites como marca do fim do século XX, bem como sua capacidade de suscitar questões em torno dos discursos sobre diferença, identidade, equivalência, particularidade e universalidade — noções que se propõem, se articulam na composição do cenário “finissecular”. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tolerância, exclusão, fim de século, diferença, violência, poder. BEYOND TOLERANCE Céli Regina Jardim Pinto Analysis of the idea of tolerance, its implications and limits as a landmark at the turn of the 20th century, as well as its capacity of raising questions on difference, identity, equivalence, particularity and universality speech – ideas that are imbedded in the turn of the century scenario. KEYWORDS: Tolerance, exclusion, turn of the century, difference, violence, power. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
CUANDO SE LUCHA POR EL PODER DECIR: A PROPÓSITO DEL DISCURSO ZAPATISTA
Authors: Muñoz Irene Inés , Raiter Alejandro
Published: August 2022

¿Como se logra poder decir y ser escuchado más allá de la cultura en que se ancla? El texto tiene por objeto el análisis de este cuestionamiento, partiendo de las estrategias utilizadas en el discurso zapatista en la lucha por hacerse oír dentro del discurso dominante neoliberal. PALABRAS-CLAVES: discursos emergentes, zapatista, lucha, poder decir, cultura dominante, nosostros; poesía. THE STRUGGLE FOR THE POWER TO DECIDE: THE ZAPATIST SPEECH Irene Muñoz Alejandro Raiter How can one express one’s ideas and be heard in a different culture? The aim of this text is to analyze this issue, bearing in mind the strategies adopted by the Zapatist speech in the struggle for being heard despite the neo-liberal dominant speech. KEYWORDS: Emerging speeches, Zapatist, fight, being able to decide, dominant culture, people, poetry. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
SER HOMBRE NEGRO Y JOVEN: construcción de identidades masculinas entres sectores populares excluídos em Cali (Colombia)
Authors: Giraldo Fernando Urrea , Quilez Pedro Quintín
Published: August 2022

A partir de la relación entre las condiciones de exclusión socioracial, las dimensiones de la sociabilidad y la producción de subjetividades, el texto investiga la elaboración de identidades masculinas entre jóvenes negros de sectores populares. El análisis esta centrado en algunas de las áreas más pobres de la cuidad de Cali (Colombia), con mayor concentración de población negra-mulata. PALABRAS-CLAVES: Cali, jóvenes negros, población pobre, identidad, masculinidad. TO BE A BLACK YOUNG MAN – MASCULINE IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION AMONGST POPULAR EXCLUDED SECTORS IN CALI (Colombia) Fernando Urrea Giraldo Pedro Quintín Quilez Based on the relationship between the social and racial exclusion conditions, the society dimensions and the subjectivity production, the texts investigates the construction of the masculine identities amongst popular sectors black youths. The analysis concentrates on some of the poorest areas of the city of Cali (Colombia) with a major concentrationof the black-mulatto population. KEYWORDS: Cali, black youths, poor population, identity, masculinity. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Qualificação e Percepção de Riscos de Trabalhadores
Authors: Marinho Carmem , Minayo-Gomez Carlos , Degrave Wim
Published: August 2022

Este estudo analisa alguns elementos relativos à formação e capacitação de trabalhadores que atuam na área biotecnológica. Buscou-se perceber a relação entre o conhecimento acerca de biossegurança e a percepção sobre os riscos envolvidos nos diferentes processos de trabalho. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas, baseadas em um roteiro previamente definido, em uma empresa privada e uma instituição pública. Das conclusões emerge uma série de similaridades e de diferenças entre os setores público e privado. Entretanto, constata-se que existem deficiências de ordens diversas na informação dos trabalhadores, em ambos os setores. Esta situação pode interferir na desejada eficiência da aplicação de programas de biossegurança. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biossegurança, biotecnologia, percepção de risco, informação sobre risco, gerenciamento de risco. QUALIFICATION AND RISK PERCEPTION AMONG WORKERS OF THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL AREA: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORES Carmem Marinho Carlos Minayo-Gomez Wim Degrave This study analyzes some elements related to formation and training of workers of biotechnological areas. Its objective is to identify the relationship between workers' knowledge about Biosafety and their perception of the risks involved in different work processes. For that, interviews, based on a predetermined guideline, were carried on among staff of both the private and the public sectors, which – conclusions point out - hold a series of similarities and differences. However, it has been verified that deficiencies regarding workers' information concerning Biosafety in both sectors are as varied as significant, and can interfere in the desired efficiency of Biosafety programs to be applied. KEY WORDS: Biosafety; Biotechnology; Risk Perception; Risk Information; Risk Management. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
IDENTIDADES, ALTERIDADES, LATINIDADES
Authors: Garcia Mary
Published: August 2022

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DESENVOLVIMENTO E REPRODUÇÃO
Authors: Costa Mariarosa Dalla
Published: August 2022

O texto parte de uma analogia entre o movimento zapatista de Chiapas, México e a resistência ecofeminista observada em várias regiões da Ásia e África. O capitalismo, no seu afã de submeter a natureza não poupa o equilíbrio sócio-biológico e a dignidade da força de trabalho, o que se verifica brutalmente nos projetos de "desenvolvimento" para o subcontinente indiano. Neste sentido é que se deve compreender a formulação política alternativa dos novos movimentos sociais do Terceiro Mundo - sobretudo feministas, que se opõem ao modelo de "desenvolvimento" oposto à vida e vêm colocar em questão o próprio trabalho não assalariado de reprodução da força de trabalho. DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION Mariarosa Dalla Costa Analogies can be perceived between the Zapatist movement in Chiapas, Mexico, and the ecofeminist resistance observed in various regions of Asia and Africa. Capitalism, in its craving to subdue nature and history, does not spare the socio-biological equilibrium and the dignity of the work force, something which is brutally verified in the projects "of development" of the Indian subcontinent. It is in this sense that the alternative political formulation of the new social movements of the Third World - above all feminine - that are against the model of "development" opposed to life and that have put in question the unpaid work of reproducing the work force, should be understood. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
A UNIVERSIDADE E O NOVO MILÊNIO
Authors: Pretto Nelson
Published: August 2022

A sociedade transforma-se velozmente. Novos valores vão surgindo colocando a modernidade em seu limite histórico. Neste artigo são analisadas as principais transformações que estão ocorrendo na sociedade contemporânea, caracterizada pela presença generalizada de imagens e informações, que circulam velozmente pelos novos meios eletrônicos de comunicação. Neste contexto, o artigo discute o papel do sistema educacional na sociedade do mass media, analisando, particularmente, a situação das universidades relativo às suas práticas e políticas audiovisuais. THE UNIVERSITY AND THE NEW MILLENIUM Nelson Pretto Society transforms itself rapidly. New values are arising, pushing modernity towards its historical limit. In this article the principal transformations that are occurring in contemporary society are analyzed, characterized by the general presence of images and information, which rapidly circulate via the new electronic means of communication. In this context, the article discusses the role of the educational system in the society of mass media, analyzing, in particular, the situation of the universities relative to their audio-visual techniques and politics. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
SOBRE A EXCLUSÃO: ALGUNS DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS
Authors: Fontes Virgínia
Published: August 2022

Este artigo objetiva abrir um debate em torno dos desafios colocados pelo fenômeno da exclusão contemporânea, instigando uma reflexão sistemática sobre o tema. As questões priorizadas são: a pertinência dos termos apartação e exclusão e suas manifestações históricas; a relação entre mercado, integração e exclusão; o descompasso crescente na atualidade entre o universo político e o econômico; e, finalmente, a caracterização de uma exclusão contemporânea, específica. Sugerimos que uma reflexão ampla sobre a exclusão pressupõe relacioná-la aos temas da mundialização, das transformações no mundo do trabalho e da democracia. EXCLUSION: Some Contemporary Questions Virgínia Fontes This article aims to open up a debate turning upon the questions presented by the phenomenon of contemporary exclusion, leading to a systematic analysis of the theme. The principal questions are: the pertinence of the terms "separation" and "exclusion" and their historical manifestations; the relationship between market, integration and exclusion; the currently increasing discrepancy between the political and economic universes (a stepping out of line of one with the other); and, finally, the characterization of a specific contemporary exclusion. We suggest that a thorough analysis of exclusion presupposes relating it to the themes of mondialization, transformations in the world of work, and democracy. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
OS DESAFIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO DIANTE DAS MUDANÇAS DO FINAL DO SÉCULO
Authors: Ramos Alba Regina
Published: August 2022

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THALES: PALAVRAS DE HORIZONTES MÚLTIPLOS
Authors: Ivo Anete Brito
Published: August 2022

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Reversibilidade e Irreversibilidade nos Processos Distributivos
Authors: Pedrão Fernando
Published: August 2022

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Clarice nos bebeu
Authors: Cerri Lais Naufel Fayer
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo propor uma leitura do conto Ele me bebeu, de Clarice Lispector, publicado em A via crucis do corpo, dando relevo aos personagens Serjoca e Affonso, aparentemente secundários, mas que, a nosso ver, muito contribuem para a reflexão acerca das questões de gênero apresentadas, inicialmente, pelo comportamento da personagem Aurélia.
Copi
Authors: Pimentel Renata
Published: August 2022

Este artigo propõe uma leitura da obra e do pensamento do artista argentino radicado em Paris Raul Botana, que assinava sob o pseudônimo Copi. Nascido em Buenos Aires, em 1939, e falecido em Paris, em 1987, sua obra inclui tirinhas cômicas, contos, novelas, romances e peças de teatro, além do seu trabalho como ator. Nosso foco é observar o quanto a obra de Copi conscientemente constrói mundos imaginados, propondo uma crítica às noções estabelecidas de nação, pátria e língua nacional, e desconstrói todas as estabilizações e cristalizações identitárias – de gênero e nacionalidade –, o que resulta em uma produção que antecipa a estética queer. Nesse intuito, dialogamos com os pensamentos teóricos de Pimentel (2011), Deleuze e Guattari (2017), Link (2017), Rosenzvaig (2003), entre outros.
Outcomes of a Hybrid Ophthalmology Telemedicine Model for Outpatient Eye Care During COVID-19
Authors: Sanayei Nedda , Albrecht Melanie M. , Martin Diana C. , Marin Nicolas , Fereshetian Shaunt , Baker Steven , Subramanian Manju L. , Ness Steven , Siegel Nicole H. , Chen Xuejing
Published: August 2022

Importance

The hybrid ophthalmology telemedicine model asynchronously pairs an imaging appointment by a technician with a subsequent virtual appointment by a clinician. Although it has been mentioned in several studies as an alternative to standard in-person care during the COVID-19 pandemic, outcomes of this alternative clinical care model remain to be evaluated.

Objective

To investigate the outcomes associated with the hybrid ophthalmology telemedicine model during the COVID-19 pandemic for nonurgent and nonprocedural ophthalmological care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective, cross-sectional study of all hybrid visits scheduled during the year 2020 in a single academic, hospital-based eye clinic in Boston, Massachusetts. All hybrid ophthalmology telemedicine visits completed in the year 2020 by opthalmologists and optometrists were included. Data were analyzed from January to December 2020.

Exposures

Hybrid telemedicine clinical encounters.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Four outcome metrics were calculated: (1) need for subsequent procedure visit, (2) medication change, (3) nonurgent, and (4) urgent consultation with another eye clinician. Adverse outcomes were defined as irreversible vision loss and the need for additional in-person evaluation to reach a management decision.

Results

From April 9 to December 30, 2020, 889 patients (506 female patients [56.9%]; mean [SD] age, 62.1 [14.5] years; age range, 13-98 years) completed 940 hybrid visits. The most common visit indications were glaucoma (424 visits [45.1%]) and retinal diseases (499 visits [53.1%]). A total of 25 visits (2.7%) led to a procedure, 22 visits (2.3%) led to a change in medication, and 44 visits (4.7%) were referred for nonurgent consultation with another subspecialty with no instances of urgent referrals. Sixteen patients (1.7%) were referred to the on-call clinician for a same-day emergency in-person visit or recommended for a subsequent standard in-person visit to reach a management decision. There were no cases of irreversible vision loss following a hybrid visit.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that with the appropriate patient selection and clinical setting, the hybrid ophthalmology telemedicine model may be a good alternative to standard in-person visits, particularly for patients with glaucoma and retinal diseases.
ISGylation directly modifies hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α and enhances its polysome association
Authors: Melanson Gaelan , Du Bois Antonia C. , Webster Caroline , Uniacke James
Published: August 2022

The hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIF)‐1α and HIF‐2α are central regulators of transcriptional programmes in settings such as development and tumour expansion. HIF‐2α moonlights as a cap‐dependent translation factor. We provide new insights into how the interferon‐stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin‐like modifier, and the HIFs regulate one another in hypoxia and interferon‐induced cells. We show that upon ISGylation induction and HIF‐α stabilization, both HIFs promote protein ISGylates through transcriptional and/or post‐transcriptional pathways. We show the first evidence of HIF‐2α modification by ISG15. ISGylation induces system‐level alterations to the HIF transcriptional programme and increases the cytoplasmic/nuclear fraction and translation activity of HIF‐2α. This work identifies ISG15 as a regulator of hypoxic mRNA translation, which has implications for immune processes and disease progression.
The fusion of quantitative molecular proteomics and immune‐oncology: a step towards precision medicine in cancer therapeutics
Authors: Miles James , Ward Stephen G. , Larijani Banafshé
Published: August 2022

Innate and adaptive immune systems are built‐in homeostatic functions of many multicellular organisms and protect the host against foreign pathogens and infections. Dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases. The immune system can also be harnessed and manipulated to provide targeted cancer therapies, some of them relying on the blockade of immune‐checkpoint receptors. Two prominent immune checkpoints, PD‐1/PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4/CD80, comprise receptor–ligand pairs that prevent the host immune cells from attacking host tissues. However, cancer cells upregulate the respective PD‐L1 and CD80 ligands for PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 and thereby evade the host‐immune response. Therapeutic drugs that block PD‐1/PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4/CD80 interactions re‐enable the immune system to attack cancer cells, but their prognostic biomarker remains challenging. In this review, we discuss how the use of quantitative molecular imaging can be exploited to predict the response to anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapies and to identify cancer patients who would benefit from them.
Asymmetry in belief revision
Authors: Yang Brenda W. , Stone Alexandria R. , Marsh Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2022

Information can change: science advances, newspapers retract claims, and reccomendations shift. Successfully navigating the world requires updating and changing beliefs, a process that is sensitive to a person's motivation to change their beliefs as well as the credibility of the source providing the new information. Here, we report three studies that consistently identify an additional factor influencing belief revision. Specifically, we document an asymmetry in belief revision: people are better able to believe in a claim once thought to be false, as opposed to unbelieving something once believed to be true. We discuss how this finding integrates and extends prior research on social and cognitive contributions to belief revisions. This work has implications for understanding the widespread prevalence and persistence of false beliefs in contemporary societies.
Contactless Pulsed and Continuous Microdroplet Release Using Photothermal Liquid Crystals
Authors: Beyazkilic Pinar , Akcimen Samet , Elbuken Caglar , Ortaç Bülend , Cai Shengqiang , Bukusoglu Emre
Published: August 2022

Targeted, on‐demand delivery has been of interest using materials responsive to environmental stimuli. A delivery technique based on precise release of aqueous microdroplets from a liquid crystal (LC) medium with contactless stimulation is presented. A nematic LC is doped with a photothermal dye that produces heat under near IR light exposure. The heat is used to overcome the elastic strains in the LC phase, promoting the release of initially entrapped water droplets to the neighboring aqueous solution. Designing the geometry of LC‐based emulsions and tuning the light intensity and position allows for manipulation of the release in two distinct modes defined as pulsated and continuous. In the pulsated mode, water droplets are released transiently from the casted water‐in‐LC emulsion layer based on sweeping by the moving isotropic‐nematic phase boundary controlled by light. In the continuous mode, water droplets are ejected continuously from a droplet‐shaped water‐in‐LC emulsion, due to a heating‐induced internal flow controlled by light. The droplet release by contactless stimulation is used for the on‐demand dosing of dopamine and its oxidizing reagent from isolated reservoirs to obtain an in situ reaction signal for a hydrogen peroxide assay. A new dual‐mode release system developed with photothermal LCs holds potential in drug release, controlled mixing, and photothermal therapy.
Advanced Nonflammable Organic Electrolyte Promises Safer Li‐Metal Batteries: From Solvation Structure Perspectives
Authors: Yuan Shouyi , Ding Kai , Zeng Xiaoyuan , Bin Duan , Zhang Yingjie , Dong Peng , Wang Yonggang
Published: August 2022

Batteries with a Li‐metal anode have recently attracted extensive attention from the battery communities owing to their high energy density. However, severe dendrite growth hinders their practical applications. More seriously, when Li dendrites pierce the separators and trigger short circuit in a highly flammable organic electrolyte, the results would be catastrophic. Although the issues of growth of Li dendrites have been almost addressed by various methods, the highly flammable nature of conventional organic liquid electrolytes is still a lingering fear facing high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries given the possibility of thermal runaway of the high‐voltage cathode. Recently, various kinds of nonflammable liquid‐ or solid‐state electrolytes have shown great potential toward safer Li‐metal batteries with minimal detrimental effect on the battery performance or even enhanced electrochemical performance. In this review, recent advances in developing nonflammable electrolyte for high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries including high‐concentration electrolyte, localized high‐concentration electrolyte, fluorinated electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, and polymer electrolyte are summarized. Then, the solvation structure of different kinds of nonflammable liquid and polymer electrolytes are analyzed to provide insight into the mechanism for dendrite suppression and fire extinguishing. Finally, guidelines for future design of nonflammable electrolyte for safer Li‐metal batteries are provided.
Membranes for Oil/Water Separation: A Review
Authors: Mousa Hamouda M. , Fahmy Hanan S. , Ali Gomaa A. M. , Abdelhamid Hani Nasser , Ateia Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Recent advancements in separation and membrane technologies have shown a great potential in removing oil from wastewaters effectively. In addition, the capabilities have improved to fabricate membranes with tunable properties in terms of their wettability, permeability, antifouling, and mechanical properties that govern the treatment of oily wastewaters. Herein, authors have critically reviewed the literature on membrane technology for oil/water separation with a specific focus on: 1) membrane properties and characterization, 2) development of various materials (e.g., organic, inorganic, and hybrid membranes, and innovative materials), 3) membranes design (e.g., mixed matrix nanocomposite and multilayers), and 4) membrane fabrication techniques and surface modification techniques. The current challenges and future research directions in materials and fabrication techniques for membrane technology applications in oil/water separation are also highlighted. Thus, this review provides helpful guidance toward finding more effective, practical, and scalable solutions to tackle environmental pollution by oils.
Thermal Paper and Time Temperature Integrators Made From a Structural Colored Polymer Crosslinked With Hydrogen Bonded Cyclohexanoic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Foelen Yari , van der Heijden Daniëlle A. C. , Verdurmen Anne M. J. , Mulder Dirk Jan , Lub Johan , Schenning Albert P. H. J.
Published: August 2022

Hydrogen‐bonded cyclohexanoic derivatives are applied in a structural colored cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) helical polymer that demonstrates an extraordinary dual thermal response. Integration of the dynamic hydrogen‐bonded cyclohexanoic acid derivatives in the CLC polymer as supramolecular crosslinks yields an immediate and irreversible loss of the green structural color upon exposure to temperatures above the cholesteric‐to‐isotropic transition temperature (TNI) caused by the helical order loss. Exposure to temperatures below the TNI yields a gradual irreversible red color shift of the reflected wavelength over broad temperature and time ranges. Most likely due to polymerization confinement in combination with the dynamics of the carboxylic acid hydrogen bonds, helical unwinding takes place over time causing the red shift of the reflected wavelength. The temperature response can be programmed by altering the chemical composition of the liquid crystal mixture. Furthermore, the green, structural color of the polymer can also be easily changed making it possible to print different colored indicators combined with different respective temperature responses on a single substrate. The printed optical sensors can be easily delaminated by dissolving the non‐covalent crosslinked polymer. Such optical polymer materials are attractive for easy processable time–temperature integrators and thermal paper.
MXene‐Germanium Schottky Heterostructures for Ultrafast Broadband Self‐Driven Photodetectors
Authors: Xiong Guoliang , Zhang Gang , Yang Xiaozhan , Feng Wenlin
Published: August 2022

A novel 2D layered material Ti3C2Tx (MXene) is favored by researchers in the application field of optoelectronics due to its tunable work function, great light transmittance, and excellent electrical conductivity. In this work, Ti3C2Tx/n‐germanium (MXene/n‐Ge) Schottky heterostructures are fabricated and investigated. Schottky contacts of MXene with n‐Ge are identified by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Based on the MXene/n‐Ge Schottky junctions, an ultrafast, broadband, and self‐powered photodetector is demonstrated and studied. The MXene/n‐Ge device exhibits excellent photoresponse from ultraviolet to near‐infrared light illumination. In particular, it shows an excellent on/off ratio (≈104), a high responsivity (3.14 A/W), a larger specific detectivity (2.14 × 1011 Jones), and an ultrafast response speed (trise of 1.4 µs and tdecay of 4.1 µs). Moreover, the MXene/n‐Ge Schottky heterostructure photodetector also shows excellent low‐temperature work characteristics of 73 K. It is believed that this work will attract more researchers’ attention to MXene in the field of optoelectronic devices.
Determinants of downside risk exposure: An analysis of Korean rice farms using partial and quantile moments
Authors: Kulkarni Kedar , Rossi David
Published: August 2022

The past decade has seen a resurgence in methods such as the partial and quantile moments model for measuring downside risk exposure and downside risk aversion. However, mixed conclusions are drawn regarding the identification and determinants of downside risk exposure attributable to the methodological differences in the approaches to risk estimation. In this paper, we replicate Kim et al. (2014) who perform a quantile moments‐based analysis of risk exposure. Extending the original study, we address the methodological differences in approaches to measuring downside risk with further robustness checks, including alternative estimation approaches and a comparison to the partial moments model (Antle, 2010). Our results confirm the original finding of Kim et al. (2014) that around 90% of the cost of risk is attributable to downside risk exposure. However, this estimate is highly sensitive to the specification of the estimated mean production as well as the choice of the statistical estimator. Finally, our results suggest that both the quantile moments model and the partial moments model provide similar insights on the determinants of downside risk exposure as well as the cost of risk.
Modeling of deposit formation in mesoporous substrates via atomic layer deposition: Insights from pore‐scale simulation
Authors: Gu Hao , Lee Dennis T. , Corkery Peter , Miao Yurun , Kim Jung‐Sik , Yuan Yuchen , Xu Zhen‐liang , Dai Gance , Parsons Gregory N. , Kevrekidis Ioannis G. , Zhuang Liwei , Tsapatsis Michael
Published: August 2022

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been a promising technique in fabricating membranes and tuning their properties with a precision at the atomic level. Fabrication of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) membranes using the ligand‐induced permselectivation (LIPS) method starts with the formation of an oxide in a mesoporous substrate by ALD and is followed by the transformation of this oxide to ZIF using imidazolate vapor treatment. The objective of the ALD step is to block the mesopores with a thin deposit, that is, one with small penetration depth and small thickness on the top surface of the substrate. Unlike typical ALD on nonporous substrates, where all available sites react per ALD cycle, thin deposit formation in a mesoporous substrate requires that only a small fraction of the available deposition sites (i.e., close to the substrate surface) is subjected to ALD. Consequently, reactant dosing and duration of pulses are important process variables which, together with diffusion and reaction kinetics determine the deposit structure. Quantitative understanding of the interplay of these variables and phenomena can enable the rational design of ALD within mesoporous substrates. Here, we extend our earlier modeling effort considering the coexistence of ALD both inside the pores and on the external surface of the substrate. Finite‐volume based models were developed and validated to simulate the two distinct modes of deposition cycle by cycle. The total mass uptake of the substrate with ALD cycles can be predicted using the combined surface deposition and pore reaction–diffusion models as affirmed by in situ quartz crystal microbalance experimental data. The ALD reactor model combined with the deposition model can accurately capture the number of ALD cycles needed to block the pores of the substrate. Based on the model, we designed a modified ALD process and examined the performance of the corresponding LIPS membranes. The present modeling work provides a new understanding of the deposit formation via ALD within mesoporous substrates for a variety of membrane applications.
The gendered relationship between cumulative exposure to lower community attachment and adolescent health
Authors: Park Gum‐Ryeong , Kim Jinho
Published: August 2022

This study examines whether the longitudinal association between cumulative exposure to lower community attachment and adolescent health differs by gender. Using seven waves of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey spanning 2010–2016, this study examines the association between cumulative exposure to lower community attachment and self‐rated health among Korean adolescents. This study estimated fixed‐effects models to account for unobserved confounders at the individual level. Fixed‐effects estimates revealed that cumulative exposure to lower community attachment is associated with a decreased likelihood of reporting excellent health. Starting from the initial exposure, girls’ self‐rated health continued to deteriorate over time. In contrast, boys’ self‐rated health decreased for up to 3 years of persistent exposure, but has since returned to pre‐exposure levels. The association between cumulative exposure to lower levels of community attachment and a decline in self‐rated health is more pronounced among girls than boys. Gender‐specific community‐based interventions during adolescence may be required to promote adolescent health and well‐being.
Dibenzo[b,f][1,4,5]chalcogenadiazepine Photoswitches: Conversion of Excitation Energy into Ring Strain
Authors: Shen Xin , Zhang Cefei , Lan Fengying , Su Zhishan , Zheng Yuanqin , Zheng Tingting , Xiong Qin , Xie Xinyu , Du Guangxi , Zhao Xiaohu , Hu Changwei , Deng Pengchi , Yu Zhipeng
Published: August 2022

Tetra‐ortho‐substituted, heteroaryl and cyclic azobenzenes have emerged as three key strategies on morphology design of photoswitch to diversify controllability. Cyclic azobenzene is of particular utilization in photo‐energy conversion due to rigid and ring‐strain structure. Despite the well‐recognized diazocine, the photo‐switching properties of seven‐membered cyclic azobenzenes (diazepines) have yet been exploited. Herein, we report a family of dibenzo[b,f][1,4,5]chalcogenadiazepines (DBChDs) and their T‐type photo‐switching nature with tunable relaxation rate. Based on experiments together with DFT calculations, we found that an unsymmetric 2‐bithiophenyl‐dibenzo[b,f][1,4,5]thiadiazepine exhibited an efficient response to 445 nm laser stimulation (quantum efficiency, ΦZ→E=0.71) with millisecond relaxation half‐life (t1/2=40 ms). Photo‐energy transduction efficiency was also exceptionally high with 29.1 % converted into ring‐strain energy mainly loaded on azo π‐bond.
Hydrophobicity Directed Chiral Self‐Assembly and Aggregation‐Induced Emission: Diacetylene‐Cored Pseudopeptide Chiral Dopants
Authors: Maurya Govind P. , Verma Deepak , Sinha Aloka , Brunsveld Luc , Haridas V.
Published: August 2022

Here we delineate simple and tunable hydrophobically driven chiral functional assemblies of diacetylene cored pseudopeptides. These amino acid appended, rigid core dialkynes constitute promising chiral supramolecular building blocks for materials properties engineering. The chiral appended amino acid elements allow for simple tuning of solubility and interaction properties as well as governing chirality, while the central dialkyne core can impart hydrophobically driven assembly and Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) properties. The self‐assembly of these rod‐like dialkynes can be regulated by tuning the solvent environment, with for example self‐assembly into vesicles in acetonitrile and into helical organization with AIE in a H2O/DMSO mixture. Of additional high interest, these supramolecular materials, themselves devoid of liquid crystal (LC) properties, can induce chirality into non‐chiral LC matrices with high helical twisting power.
Decarboxylative Sulfinylation Enables a Direct, Metal‐Free Access to Sulfoxides from Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Nguyen Viet D. , Haug Graham C. , Greco Samuel G. , Trevino Ramon , Karki Guna B. , Arman Hadi D. , Larionov Oleg V.
Published: August 2022

The intermediate oxidation state of sulfoxides is central to the plethora of their applications in chemistry and medicine, yet it presents challenges for an efficient synthetic access, limiting the structural diversity of currently available sulfoxides. Here, we report a data‐guided development of direct decarboxylative sulfinylation that enables the previously inaccessible functional group interconversion of carboxylic acids to sulfoxides in a reaction with sulfinates. Given the broad availability of carboxylic acids and the growing synthetic potential of sulfinates, the direct decarboxylative sulfinylation is poised to improve the structural diversity of synthetically accessible sulfoxides. The reaction is facilitated by a kinetically favored sulfoxide formation from the intermediate sulfinyl sulfones, despite the strong thermodynamic preference for the sulfone formation, unveiling the previously unknown and chemoselective radicalophilic sulfinyl sulfone reactivity.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Limaspermidine and (−)‐Kopsinine by a Nitroaryl Transfer Cascade Strategy
Authors: Horst Brendan , Verdoorn Daniël S. , Hennig Sven , van der Heijden Gydo , Ruijter Eelco
Published: August 2022

We report an intramolecular conjugate addition/Truce‐Smiles/E1cb cascade of 2‐nitrobenzenesulfonamide‐functionalized cyclohexenones as a new entry to the core scaffold of monoterpene indole alkaloids. The method was applied to the asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐limaspermidine, (−)‐kopsinilam, and (−)‐kopsinine, as well as the framework of the kopsifoline alkaloids, thus highlighting its complementarity to existing approaches involving the use of indole‐based starting materials or the interrupted Fischer indole synthesis. Furthermore, we show that the cascade tolerates various substituents on the nitroarene, opening the way to other natural products as well as non‐natural analogues.
Using Continuous Intraoperative Pressure Mapping to Describe Patterns of Tissue Interface Pressure
Authors: Al‐Majid Sadeeka , Vuncanon Barbara , Kiyohara Melody , Rakovski Cyril
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of intraoperative tissue interface pressure, identify the amount of time during which the pressure at four anatomical locations exceeded 32 mm Hg, and examine associations between patient‐ and surgery‐related variables and peak tissue interface pressure. We used a pressure mapping system to measure the intraoperative tissue interface pressure of 150 patients. We implemented linear mixed‐effects models to assess trends in the mean and peak tissue interface pressure. The percentage of time during which the interface pressure exceeded 32 mm Hg at the scapulae, interscapular area, and sacral area was 70%, 70%, and 90%, respectively. Body mass index, length of surgery, and intraoperative position were major predictors of increased pressure. Understanding patterns of tissue interface pressure of patients during surgery may help perioperative nurses develop strategies to attenuate pressure and protect skin integrity.
Analysis of the Magnetic Coupling in a Mn(II)‐U(V)‐Mn(II) Single Molecule Magnet
Authors: Dey Sourav , Rajaraman Gopalan , Bolvin Hélène
Published: August 2022

[{Mn(TPA)I}{UO2(Mesaldien)}{Mn(TPA)I}]I formula (here TPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine and Mesaldien=N,N’‐(2‐aminomethyl)diethylenebis(salicylidene imine)) reported by Mazzanti and coworkers (Chatelain et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 13434) is so far the best Single Molecule Magnet (SMM) in the {3d–5f} class of molecules exhibiting barrier height of magnetization reversal as high as 81.0 K. In this work, we have employed a combination of ab initio CAS and DFT methods to fully characterize this compound and to extract the relevant spin Hamiltonian parameters. We show that the signs of the magnetic coupling and of the g‐factors of the monomers are interconnected. The central magnetic unit [UVO2]+ is described by a Kramers Doublet (KD) with negative g‐factors, due to a large orbital contribution. The magnetic coupling for the {Mn(II)‐U(V)} pair is modeled by an anisotropic exchange Hamiltonian: all components are ferromagnetic in terms of spin moments, the parallel component JZ twice larger as the perpendicular one J⊥. The spin density distribution suggests that spin polarization on the U(V) center favors the ferromagnetic coupling. Further, the JZ/J⊥ ratio, which is related to the barrier height, was found to correlate to the corresponding spin contribution of the g‐factors of the U(V) center. This correlation established for the first time offers a direct way to estimate this important ratio from the corresponding gS‐values, which can be obtained using traditional ab initio packages and hence has a wider application to other {3d–5f} magnets. It is finally shown that the magnetization barrier height is tuned by the splitting of the [UVO2]+ 5 f orbitals.
On the Oxidative Valorization of Lignin to High‐Value Chemicals: A Critical Review of Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Abdelaziz Omar Y. , Clemmensen Ida , Meier Sebastian , Costa Carina A. E. , Rodrigues Alírio E. , Hulteberg Christian P. , Riisager Anders
Published: August 2022

The efficient valorization of lignin is crucial if we are to replace current petroleum‐based feedstock and establish more sustainable and competitive lignocellulosic biorefineries. Pulp and paper mills and second‐generation biorefineries produce large quantities of low‐value technical lignin as a by‐product, which is often combusted on‐site for energy recovery. This Review focuses on the conversion of technical lignins by oxidative depolymerization employing heterogeneous catalysts. It scrutinizes the current literature describing the use of various heterogeneous catalysts in the oxidative depolymerization of lignin and includes a comparison of the methods, catalyst loadings, reaction media, and types of catalyst applied, as well as the reaction products and yields. Furthermore, current techniques for the determination of product yields and product recovery are discussed. Finally, challenges and suggestions for future approaches are outlined.