bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Consistent Evidence for Brain Volumetric Correlates of Resilience in Two Independent Cohort Studies
Authors: Cortes Hidalgo A. , Tiemeier H. , Bakermans‑Kranenburg M. , White T. , Banaschewski T. , Van Ijzendoorn M. , Holz N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Childhood adversities have been associated with long-lasting brain morphological differences and poor psychological outcomes over the lifespan. Evidence with regard to protective factors counteracting the detrimental effect of childhood adversity on neurobiology is scarce.

Objectives

Therefore, we examined the interplay of childhood adversity with multiple protective factors in relation to brain morphology in a child and an adult cohort.

Methods

We analyzed data from two epidemiological longitudinal birth cohorts, the Generation R Study (N=3,008) and the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS) (N=179). Cumulative exposure to 12 adverse events (such as physical and sexual abuse), and the presence of protective factors, including child temperament, cognition, self-esteem, friendship quality and maternal sensitivity were assessed at different time points during childhood. Anatomical scans were acquired at the ages of 9-11 years in Generation R and at 25 years in MARS.

Results

Childhood adversity was related to smaller global brain volumes in Generation R, with similar effect sizes observed for the cerebellar volume in MARS. While small interaction effects between adversity and protective factors were found on the medial orbitofrontal cortex, the cerebellum and the amygdala in either cohort study, no interactions were consistent across cohorts or survived correction for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions

We found no consistent or strong evidence for interaction effects between multiple protective factors and childhood adversities on brain structure in a child and an adult cohort study. Instead, small interaction effects were found in either children or adults warranting further investigation and more fine-grained analyses.

Disclosure

TB:consultancy for Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Lilly, Lundbeck, Medice, Novartis, Shire; conference support by Lilly, Medice, Novartis, Shire; clinical trials by Shire and Viforpharma; royalties by Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press
Impact of temperament on mental illness stigma among medical students
Authors: Brahmi L. , Amemou B. , Adouni A. , Mhalla A. , Gaha L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Mental illness stigma is the most significant obstacle impeding the wellbeing of individuals with such conditions. Thus, research on determinants of mental illness stigma may be of crucial importance in avoiding these attitudes. Affective temperaments are thought to be present in up to 20% of the healthy general population. However, there are very few studies addressing the relationship between temperament and mental health-related stigma.

Objectives

Evaluate attitudes and behavioral responses of medical students towards individuals with a mental illness. Explore factors associated with stigma including temperament.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among students in medical universities.

All participants were invited to complete a brief anonymous electronic survey administered on the google forms online platform.

Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, Stigma Measurement, Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA). Students were also asked to complete the TEMPS-A Scale.

Results

The sample consisted of 1028 respondents (9.3% of the total population). Females represented 78,3% of the study sample. A dominant affective temperament was found in 17% of the cases under study, represented mainly by depressive and irritable temperaments. Bivariate correlations performed to assess the association between temperament and mental illness stigma revealed that a positive relationship was identified between the MICA scale and hyperthymic temperament( p=0,04). There were no significant associations between the other type of temperaments and The MICA scale.

Conclusions

Students’ temperament should be considered in developing anti-stigma programs in undergraduate education. Further researches should be undertaken to disentangle the complex relationship among demographic features, personality traits, and attitudes toward people with a mental illness.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Resting-state EEG networks characterized by intramodular and global hyperconnectivity in depressive sample
Authors: Komarova A. , Kiselnikov A. , Yurlova M. , Slovenko E. , Tan I. , Mitiureva D. , Kabanova P. , Terlichenko E. , Zubko V. , Shcherbakova E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Depression is characterized by a pattern of specific changes in the network organization of brain functioning.

Objectives

We researched a graph structure specificity in a depressive student sample by analyzing resting-state EEG. All possible combinations of graph metrics, frequency bands, and sensors/sources levels of networks were examined.

Methods

We recorded resting-state EEG in fourteen participants with high Beck Depression Inventory score (24.4 ± 9.7; 20.4 ± 1.5 y.o.; 14 females; 1 left-handed) and fourteen participants with a low score (6.8 ± 3.7; 21.3 ± 2.0 y.o.; 8 females; 1 left-handed). We applied weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) to construct functional networks at sensors and sources levels and computed characteristic path length (CPL), clustering coefficient (CC), index of modularity (Q), small-world index (SWI) in 4-8, 8-13, 13-30, and 4-30 Hz frequency bands. We used Mann-Whitney U-test (p < 0.05) to investigate between-group differences in the graph metrics.

Results

The depressive sample was characterized by increased CC and Q in the 4-30 Hz band networks and decreased CPL in the beta-band network (sensors-level for CPL and CC, and sources-level for Q).

Conclusions

Elevated CC and Q may relate to an increase of intramodular connectivity, and CPL reduction reflects the global connectivity increasing. We hypothesize that intramodular hyperconnectivity could explain the rise of global functional connectivity in participants with depressive symptoms. Funding: This research has been supported by the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Lomonosov Moscow State University ‘Brain, Cognitive Systems, Artificial Intelligence’.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Syrian refugees increased after long-distance migration
Authors: Eiset A.H. , Aoun M. , Stougaard M. , Gottlieb A. , Haddad R. , Frydenberg M. , Naja W.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Refugees are forced migrants but there is a large variation in the distance that refugees cover and there is a knowledge gap on how this may affect refugees’ health and health care needs.

Objectives

Herein, we investigate the association between long-distance migration and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychiatric disorder associated with deteriorating mental and somatic health and highly prevalent in refugees.

Methods

Included were 712 adult Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Lebanon and Denmark arriving no more than 12 months prior to inclusion. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess PTSD and the estimate of association was obtained by multiply imputing missing data and adjusting for confounding by propensity score-weighting with covariates age, sex, socioeconomic status, trauma experience, and WHO-5-score, reporting the bootstrap 95-percentile confidence interval (95% CI). Additionally, a number of sensitivity analysis were carried out.

Results

The prevalence of PTSD was high in both Lebanon (55%) and Denmark (60%) and long-distance migration was associated with a 9 percentage point (95% CI [-1; 19]) increase in the prevalence of PTSD among newly arrived Syrian refugees and asylum-seekers.

Conclusions

In the present study the prevalence of PTSD increased after long-distance migration which may support considering “long-distance migration” in refugee health screenings and in particular when assessing the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. This is a first step in examining the health effects of migration on refugee health.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The TIMEBASE Study: IdenTifying dIgital bioMarkers of illnEss activity in BipolAr diSordEr. Preliminary results
Authors: Anmella G. , Mas A. , Pacchiarotti I. , Fernández T. , Bastidas A. , Agasi I. , Garriga M. , Verdolini N. , Arbelo N. , Nicolás D. , Ruiz V. , Valentí M. , Murru A. , Vieta E. , Solanes A. , Corponi F. , Li B. , Hidalgo-Mazzei D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Mood episodes in bipolar disorder (BD) are still identified with subjective retrospective reports and scales. Digital biomarkers, such as actigraphy, heart rate variability, or ElectroDermal activity (EDA) have demonstrated their potential to objectively capture illness activity.

Objectives

To identify physiological digital signatures of illness activity during acute episodes of BD compared to euthymia and healthy controls (HC) using a novel wearable device (Empatica´s E4).

Methods

A pragmatic exploratory study. The sample will include 3 independent groups totalizing 60 individuals: 36 BD inpatients admitted due to severe acute episodes of mania (N=12), depression (N=12), and mixed features (N=12), will wear the E4-device at four timepoints: the acute phase (T0), treatment response (T1), symptoms remission (T2) and during euthymia (T3; outpatient follow-up). 12 BD euthymic outpatients and 12 HC will be asked to wear the E4-device once. Data pre-processing included average downsampling, channel time-alignment in 2D segments, 3D-array stacking of segments, and random shuffling for training/validation sets. Finally, machine learning algorithms will be applied.

Results

A total of 10 patients and 5 HC have been recruited so far. The preliminary results follow the first differences between the physiological digital biomarkers between manic and depressive episodes. 3 fully connected layers with 32 hidden units, ectified linear activation function (ReLU) activation, 25% dropout rate, significantly differentiated a manic from a depressive episode at different timepoints (T0, T1, T2).

Conclusions

New wearables technologies might provide objective decision-support parameters based on digital signatures of symptoms that would allow tailored treatments and early identification of symptoms.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Personal and psychophysiological characteristics of the witness experience of cyberaggression in virtual reality
Authors: Soldatova G. , Chigarkova S. , Nikonova E. , Vinitskiy D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The integration of virtual reality into everyday life is changing sociocultural practices, including those related to cyberaggression, which causes negative consequences for mental health and well-being. Particular attention needs to be paid to the poorly researched but widespread roles of bystanders and defenders in cyberaggression (Machackova, 2020; Polanco-Levican, Salvo-Garrido, 2021).

Objectives

The aim is to study the behavioral witness strategies in cyberaggression in VR and their relation to personal and psychophysiological characteristics.

Methods

50 adolescents aged 14-18 years old (50% female) witnessed cyberaggression in an experimental situation in the virtual space of VR-chat. Participants also filled Ten-Item Personality Inventory (Gosling et al., 2003; Egorova, Parshikova, 2016), I7-Impulsiveness (Eysenck, Eysenck, 1985; Kornilova, Dolnikova, 2011), Prosocial Behaviour (Furmanov, Kuhtova, 1998). To determine the functional state Heart rate variability (UPTF 1/30 Psychophysiologist, Mediсom) was measured before and after the experiment.

Results

Behavioral strategies in VR-aggression were divided into uninvolved bystanders (58%) and defenders (42%). All participants experienced stress and functional state decline when faced with cyberaggression, but the defenders were more affected (U=207, p<0.043). Defenders were more likely to have higher social responsibility (U=207, p<0.056) and lower neuroticism (U=208, p<0.054). There were no significant differences in impulsiveness.

Conclusions

Cyberaggression in a virtual environment is stressful, especially for active defenders, who are more included in the situation compared to passive bystanders. The prosocial role of a defender rather than a passive bystander may be related to such characteristics as social responsibility and emotional stability, but not to impulsiveness. The research was supported by RSF (project No. 18-18-00365)

Disclosure

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project # 18-18-00365.
Exposure to community violence and Callous-Unemotional traits in young children: the role of positive parenting
Authors: Obando D. , Wright N. , Hill J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Studies regarding environmental contributions on callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children have informed about the protective role of positive parenting. However, it has not been explored whether findings from these studies -mostly conducted in High-Income Countries- can be generalised to Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Exposure to community violence is common in LMICs and is associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children. Therefore, it may represent an environmental risk factor for CU traits.

Objectives

This prospective study explores whether positive parenting has a protective role in relation to CU traits in young Colombian children whose families have been exposed to community violence.

Methods

We assessed 235 families with children at age 3.5 years, from three contrasting regions of Colombia, using observations of mother-child interactions and maternal reports of community violence at ages 3.5 and 5.0 years.

Results

Hierarchical multiple linear regression models indicated that maternal positivity at 3.5 years was associated with lower CU traits at age 5.0 years only in children of families exposed to community violence (interaction term p= .001). In the exposed group maternal positivity explained 10% of the variance (β= -.34, p= .001) with low positivity associated with elevated CU traits and high positivity with low CU traits. Maternal praise was not associated with CU traits. However, maternal negativity during play was associated with elevated CU traits as a main effect.

Conclusions

Based on these findings, whether or not exposure to community violence is associated with elevated CU traits depends on maternal positivity, with low positivity creating vulnerability, and high positivity, resilience.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Factors Affecting School Performance in the Adolescents of USA- Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
Authors: Chahal M. , Telsem M. , Das B. , Patel S. , Gadiwala S. , Stuart R. , Mistry A. , Satnarine T. , Singla P. , Bakarr A. , Sharma P. , Hsieh Y.-C. , Aedma K. , Patel S. , Pathrose R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Poor academic performance has been linked to factors such as sleep, health, illicit drug use, physical fighting, social media use, cyber bullying, physical activity, homelessness, times spent in video games and television. It is difficult to get a sense of the interplay between and relative importance of different behaviours/factors on academic performance as only limited research has been aimed at quantifying these factors.

Objectives

To evaluate association of school performance and variables in five categories of the YRBSS: physical fighting, diet/lifestyle, electronic device usage, concurrent substance use, and violence/self-harm.

Methods

The CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) data from 1991-2019 was used in study. Respondents were grouped by good and poor school performance and variables related to nutrition/lifestyle, electronic device use, concurrent substance use, mood/violence/self-harm were analyzed using chi-square
test.

Results

A total of 41,235 student respondents.Nutrition/Lifestyle, electronic device use, concurrent substance use, mood/violence/self-harm are found to be significantly correlated with school performance.
Poor Performance n(%)
Good Performance n(%)
Total n(%)p-ValueNutrition/LifestyleDaily breakfast2,715(26)11,429(38.22)14,144(35.06)<0.0001Sodas ≥2/day1,998(19.12)2,710(9.03)4,708(11.63)<0.0001Concurrent Substance UseAlcohol use3,544(37.55)8,067(28.49)11,611(30.75)<0.0001Cigarette smoking1,616(15.74)1,845(6.17)3,461(8.61)<0.0001Mood/Violence/Self-HarmDifficulty concentrating4,188(46.34)7,327(28.27)11,516(32.94)<0.0001Felt sad or hopeless4,373(41.06)9,038(29.67)13,410(32.62)<0.0001Considered suicide2,567(24.14)4,810(15.8)7,377(17.96)<0.0001

Conclusions

In national data, we found school performance is affected by nutrition, lifestyle, substance use, mood and exposure to surrounding violence, and self-harm. Further studies should be planned to evaluate benefits from the risk stratification to reduce this burden amongst US adolescents.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Sri Lankan Children: A school based population study from a developing nation
Authors: Nazeer N. , Rohanachandra Y. , Prathapan S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood with significant impairment in overall functioning and associated psychiatric comorbidities. Knowledge of determinants is vital for the development of effective preventive strategies and tailor made interventions.

Objectives

The study was aimed at determining risk factors for the development of ADHD among primary school children (PSC)) in state schools in Colombo district of Sri Lanka.

Methods

An unmatched case control study was conducted consisting of 73 cases (with ADHD) and 264 controls (without ADHD) selected randomly among 6-10 year old PSC from Sinhala medium state schools in Colombo district. Primary Care Givers completed the validated Sinhala version of Swanson, Nolan, Pelham –IV (SNAP-IV-S) scale for the assessment of ADHD and an interviewer administered questionnaire on risk factors. Children’s diagnostic status was confirmed by a Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist following a clinical assessment. Bivariate analysis followed by multivariate regression model identified potential risk factors.

Results

Multivariate analysis revealed, male sex (aOR=3.74; 95%CI=1.67-8.35), lower educational level of the mother (aOR=3.31; 95%CI=1.39-7.98), maternal psycho pathology (aOR=7.28; 95%CI=1.55-34.35), prenatal exposure to passive tobacco smoke (aOR=3.76; 95%CI=1.09-12.95), Birth weight <2500g and /or gestation period of <37 completed weeks (aOR=3.6; 95%CI= 1.48-8.74), neonatal complications (aOR=4.03; 95%CI=1.94-8.32) , minimal leisure time with family (aOR=2.39; 95%CI=1.19-4.82) and subjected to teasing/ bullying (aOR=5.03; 95%CI=2.47-10.25) as significant predictors of ADHD.

Conclusions

Primary prevention focusing on strengthening neonatal, maternal and child health services needs highlighting together with special emphasis on the need for anti-bullying policies in state schools.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Intimate partner violence and post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Vargas B. , Santana C. , Valdéz V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is a Mental Health condition due to a traumatic experience. There are four types of Gender Violence in Latin America: physical, sexual, psychological or patrimonial violence, when it occurs between intimate partners it is called intimate partner violence (IPV). PTSD is highly associated with IPV.

Objectives

Determine the statistical index of IPV and PTSD in women and men in Guayaquil-Ecuador.

Methods

We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study, the sample was collected at the Florida Prosecutor’s Office in Guayaquil-Ecuador by UCSG medical students in 2018. The sample was 239 individuals, 195 women, 44 men. Individuals were separated into groups by gender, marital status, children, age, habits and PTSD. We applied Beck test for Depression, Davidson and DSM-5 for PTSD.

Results

In this study we observe a male population suffering from IPV. Complaints of IPV 195 women (81.59%), 44 men (18.41%). PTSD positive 159 women (81.96%), men 35 (18.04%). More prevalent in age ranges 25-34. PTSD with children 147 (76%) and without children 47 (24%).

Conclusions

Factors such as being a woman, having children and younger ages are linked in this study as predisposing to suffer from IPV and PTSD. We highlight a male population that reports suffering from IPV despite the lack of support, especially in Latin America. It is worth mentioning that the final consequence in many cases is femicide and homicide. Although IPV is serious and frequent, Medical professionals still do not focus on IPV diagnosis, therefore affected individuals don t receive support.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Analyses of Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenetic and Psychometrics Correlates of Antidepressants Use during Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period
Authors: Cafaro R. , Giorgetti F. , Giacovelli L. , Vanzetto S. , Cerolini L. , Colombo A. , Dell’Osso B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

About 15% of women experience a depressive episode during pregnancy, and 19% during the postpartum. Studies on safety of Antidepressants use during pregnancy have given controversial results. Obstetric-gynecological changes of pregnancy determine modifications in the pharmacokinetics of medications, through an altered metabolism of the CYP enzymes. Patient’s therapeutic response might also be influenced by polymorphisms of the genes encoding CYP enzymes.

Objectives

In this perspective, we evaluated the correlation between pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics and psychopathological measures, analyzing SSRIs or SNRIs concentrations during the three trimesters of pregnancy, at birth and at postpartum, in order to define efficacy, tolerability and safety of Antidepressants (ADs) in the treatment of affective and anxiety disorders during pregnancy.

Methods

87 patients were enrolled at the Depressive Disorders Treatment Centre (CTDD) of the Department of Psychiatry of Sacco University Hospital (Milano, Italy). Plasma concentrations of ADs were measured during first (T1), second (T2), third (T3) trimester, at birth (T4) and at postpartum (T5). Psychometric assessments were carried out. The genotype of hepatic CYP isoforms were also analysed.

Results

ADs mainly metabolized by CYP2C19 (es. Sertraline) are less frequently below therapeutic range than ADs metabolized by CYP2D6. In fact, the metabolic activity of CYP2C19 is slowed down during pregnancy. The majority of ADs concentrations below therapeutic range were found in women with an accelerated metaboslism, carrier of a CYP polymorphism.

Conclusions

Our results underline that the systematic use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analyses during pregnancy could constitute a valid support in the management of therapy in the last phases of pregnancy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The Evidence Base For Psychiatric Support For Living Independently And Being Included In The Community
Authors: Mucci A.
Published: September 2022

Functional recovery of subjects with schizophrenia remains an unmet need despite the availability of effective pharmacological and psychosocial treatments. The focus of recovery-oriented approaches is on fostering hope and resilience, fighting self-stigma, supporting self-determination and promoting social inclusion. The implementation of recovery-oriented plans requires an in depth understanding of key factors influencing real-life functioning, health status and quality of life. Recently published data from the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses have provided evidence that baseline variables associated with functional outcome at follow-up included domains not routinely assessed and targeted by intervention programs in community mental health services. As pointed out by experts in schizophrenia research and care, the management of subjects with schizophrenia has not significantly improved and only a minority of them receives integrated and personalized treatments. Shared decision-making and integrated pharmacological and psychosocial treatments, tailored on subjects’ needs, might significantly improve the outcome of subjects with schizophrenia, supporting independent living and inclusion in the community.

Disclosure

Honoraria, advisory board, or consulting fees from Angelini, Astra Zeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gedeon Richter Bulgaria, Innova-Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Pierre Fabre, for services not related to this abstract
Assessment of psychopathological symptoms in patients with primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Pityk O. , Karbovskyi N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Thyroid dysfunction such as hypothyroidism, is connected with numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the importance of assessing the interaction between brain, psyche and thyroid in clinical practice is often underestimated, and this has a direct impact on the planning of therapeutic interventions and treatment efficacy in patients with primary hypothyroidism.

Objectives

We examined 132 patients with primary hypothyroidism.

Methods

Assessment of the presence and severity of psychopathology was performed using the technique SCL-90-R (questionnaire severity of psychopathology).

Results

The results showed the highest scores on the scales of somatization (3,75 ± 0,12), depression (3,64 ± 0,13), interpersonal anxiety (3,45 ± 0,19), phobias (3.25 ± 0,31). High rates of somatization scale showing a violation of bodily dysfunction of various body systems-cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory and headache, muscular discomfort and other unpleasant sensations in different parts of the body and manifest themselves in a complaint of patients. Scale depression revealed the presence of dysphoria, anhedonia, low affect, loss of vitality and interest in life. Relatively high on a scale of phobias indicate the presence in these patients persistent fear responses to certain situations and objects that are irrational and inadequate and lead to avoiding behavior. General index of severity of symptoms (GSI) and the index of an existing symptomatic distress (PSDI) were significantly higher in the following patients than in hypothyroid patients without mental disorders.

Conclusions

Thus, these results should be taken into account when determining treatment strategy both in psychopharmacotherapy and different methods of psychological correction.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Significant early and long-term improvement of neuropsychiatry symptomatology in HCV-infected patients after viral eradication with DAA
Authors: Martin-Santos R. , Bartrés C. , Nacar L. , Navinés R. , Cavero M. , Lens S. , Rodriguez-Tajes S. , Pariante J.C. , Horrillo I. , Muñoz-Moreno E. , Bargallo N. , Capuron L. , Meana J. , Forns X. , Mariño Z.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Chronic Hepatitis C infection is considered a systemic disease with extrahepatic manifestations, mainly neuropsychiatric symptoms,
which is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication is currently achieved in >98% of cases with oral direct-acting antivirals (DAA).

Objectives

To study potential clinical neuropsychiatric changes (mood, cognition, sleep, gastrointestinal, sickness, and motion) in HCV-infected patients after HCV eradication with DAA.

Methods

Design: Cohort study. Subjects: 37 HCV-infected patients, aged<55 years old, with non-advanced liver disease receiving DAA; free of current mental disorder. 24 healthy controls were included at baseline. Assessment: -Baseline (BL) (socio-demographic and clinical variables, MINI-DSM-IV, and Neurotoxicity Scale (NRS), (mood, cognitive, sleep, gastrointestinal, sickness and motor dimensions). Follow-up: End-of-treatment, 12weeks-after and 48weeks-after DAA: NRS. Analysis: Descriptive and bivariate non-parametrical analysis.

Results

NRS total score and dimensions where different between cases and controls (.000) at baseline. NRS total score (.000) and mood (.000), cognition (.000), sleep (.002), gastrointestinal (.017), and sickness (.003), except motor dimension score (.130) showed significant longitudinal improvement.

Conclusions

HCV-infected patients with mild liver disease presented significantly worse scores for neurotoxicity symptomatology in all dimensions compared to healthy individuals. After HCV eradication with DAA, both at short and long follow-up a significant improvement of the NRS total score and each of the dimensions (except motor) were observed. However, they did not reach the values of healthy individuals, suggesting a not complete neuropsychiatric restoration in the period studied. Grant: ICIII-FIS:PI17/02297.(One way to make Europe) (RMS) and Gilead Fellowship-GLD17/00273 (ZM); and the support of SGR17/1798 (RMS)

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Acceptability y feasibility of “Yo Sé Lo Que Quiero (YSLQQ)” (Unplugged) program: a drug prevention intervention for adolescents in Chile
Authors: Salgado G. , Ramirez S. , Gana S. , Valenzuela M. , Gaete J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Substance misuse among adolescents is a public health problem because of its prevalence and consequences.

Objectives

i) To develop a culturally adapted version of the Unplugged program in Chile, renamed as “Yo Sé Lo Que Quiero (YSLQQ)”, for substance use prevention; ii) To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of its implementation.

Methods

Pilot study, with randomized controlled trial design, with two arms (Intervention Group, IG; and Control Group, CG). The sample consisted of 1,556 students from 6th to 8th grade from six schools (1:1 ratio) in Santiago, Chile. The IG received the 12 sessions of the YSLQQ program and the CG the usual substance use prevention activities. Acceptability was assessed through a student questionnaire, and feasibility through teacher self-report.

Results

More than half of the students reported that they liked the sessions. 61.3% were satisfied with the duration of the program and 61.7% with the activities. 68% of students agreed that the program helped them to have more refusal skills towards tobacco, alcohol, and drug use in the future. On the other hand, concerning feasibility and fidelity, 88.9% of the teachers remained faithful to the manual, and 91.6% of the activities were fulfilled according to the manual.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated that “Yo Sé Lo Que Quiero” program is acceptable and feasible for future implementation in adolescents.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
What do Health/Mental Health Professionals Have to do With Racial Discrimination?
Authors: Küey L.
Published: September 2022

There is a growing evidence that social determinants of health influence the health outcomes. These non-medical factors, i.e., social determinants of health / mental health, are defined as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, including the factors shaping these conditions. They either have direct effects on health and ill health or work as mediators. In this respect, racial discrimination is a fundamental social determinant of ill health / mental health and health inequalities. A strong correlation between reported experiences of racial discrimination and poor general health and poor mental health has been reported. Besides, racial discrimination may lead to risk taking behaviors increasing poor health / mental health especially in vulnerable disadvantaged populations. A leading factor mediating the negative effects of any biopsychosocial factor on mental ill health is the degree of discrimination. Furthermore, racial discrimination is one of the processes explaining and reinforcing racial disparities in health and ill health. From a conceptual point of view, racial discrimination and its effects on ill health could be discussed in the context of the issue of othering and related dehumanization and violence. Psychiatrists and mental health workers have accumulated considerable knowledge and experience on understanding and overcoming some of the consequences of racial discrimination, especially via anti-stigma studies. The unfair and avoidable influences of racial discrimination on mental health are neither fated nor inevitable. As Gramsci had said, we have the pessimism of the intellect and optimism of the will.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Late-onset schizophrenia patients with social phobia receive higher doses of antipsychotics compared patients without social phobia: results of an observational study
Authors: Pochueva V. , Savina M. , Sheshenin V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Social phobia is frequent comorbidity in schizophrenia. It`s clinical correlates and consequencies for clinical practice in late-onset schizophrenia (LoS) are unclear.

Objectives

The study aimed to compare clinical correlates and therapeutic options in LoS patient with and without social phobia.

Methods

16 LoS patients with social phobia (ICD-11 diagnosis, age 59,6±6,2, 25% males) were compared with 16 LoS patients without social phobia (69,9±10,9, 0% males). Results of clinical assessment (PANSS, HDRS-17), cognitive examination (MMSE, MoCA), CT data were analysed. Type of antipsychotics (conventional\conconventional) was registed, dose of antipsychotics and antidepressants was randed from 1 (low) to 3 (high). Mann-Whitney test and χ2statistic was used.

Results

There was no group differences in age, age manifestation, illness duration, number of psychotic episodes, PANSS and HADRS scores, rates results of cognitive tests, atrophy scores, length of hospital state, types of received antipsychotics. LoS patients with social phobia received more frequently medium and high doses of antipsychotics than LoS patient without social phobia (χ2 (2)=6,432, p=0,040).

Conclusions

Increased doses of antypsychotics in patients with social phobia don`t correlate with severity of psychotic symptoms and nay reflect some treatment resistance as well as misinterpretation of symptoms of social phobia as insufficient retreat of the psychosis. Active detection of social phobia is significant for treatment optimization.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness and Fearlessness About Death in Italian university students: validation of the INQ-15 and the ACSS-FAD
Authors: Magliocca S. , Romano D. , Madeddu F. , Zeppegno P. , Gramaglia C.M. , Calati R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15) and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale - Fearlessness About Death (ACSS-FAD) have been introduced to evaluate the theoretical constructs posit by Joiner’s Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS).

Objectives

The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the INQ-15 (which measures Thwarted Belongingness, TB, and Perceived Burdensomeness, PB) and the ACSS-FAD (measurement of Fearlessness About Death, FAD, dimension of the acquired capability) in a population of Italian university students.

Methods

Since there was no Italian version of the ACSS-FAD, we have translated it through an accurate multistage procedure. ACSS-FAD and INQ-15 have been administered to a sample of 1,665 Italian university students. We analyzed the factorial structure of the INQ-15 and the ACSS-FAD, their reliability, criterion, convergent and discriminant validity.

Results

Principal Component Analysis confirmed a two-dimensional structure for INQ-15 and a one-factor structure for ACSS-FAD. Internal consistency reliability of the scales was good, respectively TB: α = .85; PB: α = .90; and FAD: α = .85. The INQ-15 demonstrated concurrent associations with suicidal ideation, while the ACSS-FAD with a history of suicidal planning/suicide attempt. Convergent and discriminant validity were also in line with previous studies.

Conclusions

Both INQ-15 and ACSS-FAD appropriately capture the respective constructs, proving to be valid measures for the assessment of suicide risk factors among Italian university students according to the IPTS. The valuable psychometric properties of the two scales established with this study in the Italian context encourages their use to advance the clinical understanding and prevention of suicide.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Neuroinflammation Markers in Depressive Female Adolescents with Suicidal Attempts
Authors: Iznak A. , Iznak E. , Damyanovich E. , Oleichik I. , Zozulya S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Suicide is the second leading cause of death (8.5% of all deaths) in adolescents. The search for neurobiological markers of suicidal behavior seems to be highly actual. Such markers may include quantitative EEG parameters and signs of neuroinflammation that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various mental disorders.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to reveal the relationships between pre-treatment clinical, EEG, and neuroimmunological parameters in depressive adolescents with suicidal attempts in their history.

Methods

35 female depressive patients (all right-handed, age 16–25, mean 18,7±2.9 years old) were enrolled in the study. Total HDRS-17 scores varied from 13 to 43 (mean 27,7±8.1). Multichannel resting EEG was recorded with spectral power (SP) measurements in narrow frequency sub-bands. Functional activities of leukocyte elastase (LE) and of its antagonist α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), as neuroinflammation markers, were measured in the blood plasma. Leukocyte/inhibitory index (LII=LE/α1-PI) was calculated. Spearman’s correlations between clinical, EEG, and neuroimmunological parameters were analyzed.

Results

Sum of anxiety cluster of HDRS-17 scale (items 9, 10, 11) correlated positively (p<0.02) with LE and α1-PI values, as well as with theta1 (4-6 Hz) and theta2 (6-8 Hz) SP in EEG leads of the right hemisphere. In turn, α1-PI values correlated negatively and LII values correlated positively with alpha3 (11-13 Hz) SP in majority of EEG leads.

Conclusions

The data obtained confirm the contribution of neuroinflammation to clinical conditions, especially to anxiety level, and to EEG pattern in depressive female adolescents with suicidal attempts. The study supported by RBRF grant No.20-013-00129a.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Socio-psychological characteristics of persons who had attempted suicide (Minsk, Belarus)
Authors: Lapanau P. , Davidovsky S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Mortality from intentional self-harm is an urgent medical and social problem in most countries of the world. According to the World Health Organization, suicide mortality is the second leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 years globally. In the Republic of Belarus, this is one of the main causes of death from external causes.

Objectives

To identify statistically significant social factors and individual characteristics of people who had attempted suicide.

Methods

Three patient groups were formed: persons who had suicidal attempt with high probability of death (mainly hanging) (GSAD), persons who had suicidal attempt in other ways (GSAO), and persons who had diagnosed adjustment disorder and did not have suicidal attempts (comparison group CG). The groups consisted of 40, 80 and 40 people, respectively. Socio-demographic data were determined, the level of stress was assessed according to the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale, depressive symptoms on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, individual features were determined using the Eysenck personality questionnaire and the Leonhard-Shmishek personality characteristics questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using the Spearman linear correlation coefficient.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed one significant factor interconnected with a high level of motivation for committing suicide - the method of suicide (rₛ=-0.68) and 2 factors were at the significance boundary: the presence of a diagnosis of mental disorder (rₛ=0.28), and the education factor (rₛ=-0.28).

Conclusions

The method of suicide, the presence of a mental disorder and the level of education are the most significant factors interrelated with a pronounced motivation for committing suicide.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mentalization deficits and entrapment moderate the association between complicated grief and suicide ideation among suicide-loss
Authors: Lev-Ari L. , Levi-Belz Y.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Suicide-loss survivors (SLSs) are recognized as an at-risk population for several psychiatric complications, including complicated grief (CG) and suicide ideation (SI). However, limited data are available concerning the contribution of CG to SI among suicide survivors. Moreover, knowledge about possible psychological processes which may increase SI levels following CG is rare.

Objectives

In this study, we aim to examine the role of two important emotion regulation variables––mentalization deficits and entrapment––as possible moderators of the association between CG and SI in the aftermath of suicide loss.

Methods

Participants were 152 suicide-loss survivors, aged 18-70, who completed questionnaires tapping CG, SI, mentalization deficits, and entrapment.

Results

The findings revealed SI to have high and positive associations with CG, entrapment, and metallization deficits. Regression analysis showed mentalization deficits and entrapment contributing to SI beyond the contribution of CG. Notably, a significant interaction was found, indicating that CG and SI became more strongly associated at higher levels of mentalization deficits.

Conclusions

The study’s findings highlight the critical link between complicated grief and suicide ideation among SLSs and the role of metallization deficits as a possible facilitator of this link. Practical implications relating to suicide risk among SLSs are discussed, as well as focused clinical recommendations. The importance of mentalization-based interventions for decreasing SI levels in the aftermath of suicide loss is highlighted.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The frequency-dependent stimulation effects of rTMS on the performance of problem-solving tasks and ongoing oscillations
Authors: Miyauchi E. , Kawasaki M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Recent studies suggest that online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can induce local entrainment of ongoing endogenous oscillatory activity that impacts cognitive performance, and the effect may depend on the function of the oscillation. However, little is known about the effects of task-specific frequencies, especially when using an online rTMS paradigm. Our previous electroencephalogram (EEG) study showed that the frontal theta rhythm is associated with the cognitive giving-up processes during problem-solving tasks.

Objectives

In this study, we combined online rTMS and EEG to examine the frequency-dependent stimulation effects of rTMS on the performance of problem-solving tasks and ongoing oscillations. We hypothesized that rTMS at the theta frequency would induce ongoing theta activity and accelerate the giving-up behaviour.

Methods

rTMS was applied during problem-solving tasks with the following conditions: individual theta (4-6Hz)- and alpha (9-13Hz)-TMS, no-TMS, and sham-TMS; the order of conditions was counterbalanced across participants.

Results

Our results showed that theta-frequency rTMS application induced an increase in theta amplitudes and shortened the giving-up response, while a control alpha-frequency rTMS application induced an increase in alpha amplitudes, but did not change giving-up responses.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of using specific task-relevant stimulation frequency and target location for the modulation of cognitive and behavioral performance. Furthermore, considering the close resemblance between giving-up behaviour and rumination in depression, neuromodulation of cognitive giving-up processes may lead to a new intervention to treat depression by rTMS.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Basal and LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers and the course of individual symptoms of depression and anxiety
Authors: Van Eeden W.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

A cross-sectional relationship between low-grade inflammation –characterized by increased blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines– and both MDD and anxiety has been reported, but the potential longitudinal symptom-specific relationships has been less well studied.

Objectives

We aimed to test our hypothesize that inflammation is predictive of the severity and the course of a subset of MDD and anxiety symptoms, especially symptoms that overlap with sickness behavior, such as anhedonia, anorexia, low concentration, low energy, loss of libido, psychomotor slowness, irritability, and malaise.

Methods

We tested the association between basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory markers with individual MDD symptoms (measured using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report) and several measures for symptom domains of anxiety over a period of up to 9 years using multivariate-adjusted mixed models in up to 2872 Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) participants.

Results

At baseline, 53.9% of the participants had a current mood or anxiety disorder. We found that basal and LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers were more strongly associated with sickness behavior symptoms at up to 9-year follow up compared to non-sickness behavior symptoms of depression. The associations with anxiety symptoms attenuated by 25%-30% after adjusting for the presence of (comorbid) MDD.

Conclusions

Inflammation was related to the presence and the course of specific MDD symptoms, of which the majority overlaped with sickness behavior. The associations between inflammatory markers and anxiety symptoms were partly driven by co-morbid MDD. Anti-inflammatory strategies should be tested in the subgroup of MDD patients who report depressive symptoms related to sickness behavior.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The risk of depressive symptoms in offspring exposed to prenatal alcohol and tobacco use: evidence from a population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Duko B. , Pereira G. , Betts K. , Tait R. , Newnham J. , Alati R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Evidence from epidemiological studies indicated that intrauterine exposure to alcohol and tobacco is linked with a number of adverse outcomes in offspring. However, few studies have linked prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures to offspring depressive symptoms with mixed results.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to examine the link between maternal prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures and depressive symptoms in offspring.

Methods

Using data from the Raine Study, a prospective multigenerational observational study, we examined the associations between maternal prenatal alcohol and tobacco use and the risk of depressive symptoms in offspring at age 17 years (N=1168). Depressive symptoms in offspring were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) for associations between exposures and outcome. To better investigate the role of potential confounders, risk factors were sequentially added as adjustment variables in separate models.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, depressive symptoms in offspring remained related to maternal alcohol use of six or more standard drinks per week during the first trimester of pregnancy [RR 1.59 (95% CI: 1.11-2.26)]. Further, the risk of depressive symptoms was 50% higher for offspring exposed to prenatal tobacco use when compared to non-exposed. The Associations did not appear to be mediated by the effects of prenatal alcohol and tobacco use on adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions

Early screening and prevention of these exposures could possibly reduce depressive symptoms in offspring. Moreover, future examinations such as Mendelian Randomization that allow a stronger causal inference is warranted.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.