bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solution Heat Treatment of Gas Atomized Aluminium Alloy (7075) Powders: Microstructural Changes and Resultant Mechanical Properties
Authors: Sabard A. , de Villiers Lovelock H. , McNutt P. , Harvey D. , Hussain T.
Published: November 2022

Cold gas dynamic spray has significant potential for load-bearing repairs of high-value metallic components, as it is capable of producing pore and oxide-free deposits of significant thickness and with good levels of adhesion and mechanical strength. However, recently published research has shown that the rapid solidification experienced by gas atomised powders during manufacture can lead to a non-equilibrium powder microstructure, including clusters of dislocations as well as significant localised segregation of alloying elements within each particle. This paper reports on an investigation into the solution heat treatment of a precipitation hardenable aluminium alloy powder. The objective was to create a consistent and homogeneous powder phase composition and microstructure before cold spraying, with the expectation that this would also result in a more favorable heat treatment response of the cold spray deposits. Aluminium alloy 7075 gas atomized powders were solution heat treated at 450 °C for 5 hours in a sealed glass vial under vacuum and quenched in water. The powder particle microstructures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy with electron back scatter diffraction (SEM/BSE) and optical microscopy. The dendritic microstructure and solute segregation in the gas atomized powders was altered, with the heat-treated powder particles exhibiting a homogeneous distribution of solute atoms. The influence on the mechanical properties of the powder particles was studied using micro-indentation. The heat-treated powders exhibited a hardness decrease of nearly 25% compared to the as-received powders. This paper relates the behavior and the deformation of both as-received and heat-treated powders during spraying (single particle impacts), comparing the measured hardness with the deformation effect and the material jetting occurring upon impact.
Effect of Powder Granularity in the Pack on Microstructure and Anti-Oxidation Properties of SiC Coatings for C/SiC Composites
Authors: Jia F. , Ji X. , Peng H. , Shen J. , Zhang D. , Yu Y.
Published: November 2022

SiC coatings were prepared with pack powder in different particle sizes in a vacuum atmosphere by pack cementation technique to protect the C/SiC composites substrate from oxidation. The phase and microstructure of the coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM analyses. The relationship between powder granularity in the pack and microstructure of SiC coatings was studied. Cyclic oxidation test at 1573K in air atmosphere was performed and the effect of powder particle size in the pack on high-temperature oxidation resistance of SiC coatings was discussed in detail. It is observed that with powder granularity in the pack increasing thickness and density of SiC coatings increases, corresponding oxidation resistance of the coating is improved. Possible mechanisms related to oxidation were preliminarily discussed.
A New Thermal Spraying Method: Laser Thermal Spraying
Authors: Chivel Y.
Published: November 2022

A new laser thermal spraying method has been developed and experimentally realized. The new method makes possible independent energy input to the powder stream and workpiece using conical laser beams and thus is more efficient than other methods. The new method offers environmental benefits in comparison to other techniques.
An Alternative Die Coating Method on Low Pressure Die Casting Mould by Thermal Spraying
Authors: Altincu E. , Ustel F. , Burak Çe Ö.
Published: November 2022

In the world, automobile rim production is carried out in a repeatable quality with low pressure die casting process. Traditional die coatings used to separate molds on casting mold surfaces cause significant losses in production due to their weak strength. The applicability of an alternative mold coating application with thermal sprayings has been examined in this study. MgO-ZrO2 based ceramic thermal barrier coatings are deposited on the mold surfaces by flexicord spray method.
Thermal Gradient Cyclic Lifetime of La2Zr2O7/YSZ Double Ceramic Layer Thermal Barrier Coatings with Equivalent Thermal Insulation Performance
Authors: Cheng B. , Yang G.-J. , Zhang Q. , Yang N. , Zhang M. , Zhang Y. , Li C.-X. , Li C.-J.
Published: November 2022

Thermal insulation performance is a measurement of the thermal protection offered by the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to the substrate, therefore, it is essentially important to compare different double ceramic layer (DCL) TBCs on the premise of the same thermal resistance. In this study, a series of LZO/YSZ DCL-TBCs, with the equivalent thermal insulation to 500 µm thick YSZ TBCs, were prepared, and their lifetimes were evaluated by thermal gradient cyclic test at the top coat surface temperature of 1300°C. Result show that, the lifetime of DCL-TBCs was more than doubled compared to 500 µm thick YSZ TBCs, when 100µm thick YSZ coating was substituted by LZO coating. In addition, the lifetime of DCL-TBCs decreased with the increase of LZO substitutional ratio. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that LZO maintains the pyrochlore structure after thermal cyclic test. Microstructure examination demonstrated that, with the increase of LZO substitutional ratio, the delamination position transferred from near top/bond coating interface to near LZO/YSZ interface and finally to the inside of LZO coating. Therefore, this study would shed light to further coating structure optimization towards the next generation advanced DCL-TBCs.
Morphology and Durability of Sm2Zr2O7+8YSZ TBC Systems During Oxidation Test at Temperature 1100°C
Authors: Jucha S. , Moskal G. , Mikuśkiewicz M.
Published: November 2022

The zirconates of rare earth elements, such as Sm2Zr2O7 ceramic, can be an alternative material, for commercially and widely used for insulation layers in thermal barrier coatings (TBC) systems, zirconia modified by yttria (8YSZ). Presented article described the internal morphology of composite TBC coatings of Sm2Zr2O7+8YSZ type with different ratio of both used to coatings deposition powders (25/75, 50/50 and 75/25) as well as the TBC of double ceramic layer (DCL) type with a 8YSZ internal layer and the outer layer of Sm2Zr2O7 type. The main subject of presented investigations is related with the oxidation resistance of TBC systems during static oxidation test at temperature 1100°C. In this case, the special emphasis was on characterization of thermally grown oxides (TGO) zone thickness where the most important phenomena related with overall live-time of TBC system usually take place.
The Influence of Post Treatment Presence on High Temperature Corrosion Resistance of YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Akhmetgareeva A. , Baldaev S. , Mazilin I. , Baldaev L. , Il’inkova T.
Published: November 2022

Well known that high temperature corrosion resistance of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) may depend not only on chemical composition, thickness, the rate of formation of TGO layer, but also on the presence of post treatment. In this work we studied the influence of presence of post treatment on properties of TBC particularly on high temperature corrosion. TBC system were sprayed on Ni-based substrate and consists of HVOF NiCo-based bond coat (BC) and APS yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coat. Thermal cycling test in the presence of corrosive environment was used to determine effect of post treatment presence. Before and after Thermal cycling test cross-section of specimens were studied by SEM and EDX analyzes. Preliminary results demonstrated that high temperature corrosion resistance of TBC with APS-top layer and HVOF-bond layer can be improved by applying post treatment.
Production Advantages Using Laser Cladding as an Additive Manufacturing Method
Authors: Bihlet U. D. , Honoré M. , Nielsen P. T.
Published: November 2022

The potential of additive manufacturing has reached a point where the techniques are considered highly relevant for production purposes. In general, the manufacturing industry greets the new approach with enthusiasm, as it offers innovative designs and potentially reduced production costs. However, questions arise concerning the durability of additively manufactured components. This paper describes industrial trials with laser cladding and precipitation hardening heat treatment of thin-walled structures with the 17-4 PH stainless steel alloy. Due to the great relevance of the AM production methods for the aviation industry, the mechanical strength of the alloy given by the MMPDS document is used as a baseline. In order to improve the properties of the produced specimens, hot isostatic pressing was applied. The results show that a post processing treatment consisting of a HIP cycle and a conventional precipitation hardening, vastly improves the mechanical strength and elongation values of printed specimens, causing them to exceed the specified values.
Comparison of Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of WC Reinforced Maraging Steel 300 Composites Prepared by Cold Spraying and Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Yan X. C. , Huang C. J. , Bolot R. , Lucas D. , Liao H. L. , Huang R. Z. , Ma W. Y. , Liu M.
Published: November 2022

Tungsten carbide (WC) is a well-known material used to increase the wear resistance of iron-based composite materials that exhibit a favorable wettability with iron alloy particles. In this work, two different additive manufacturing technologies, i.e., cold-spray additive-manufacturing (CSAM) and selective laser melting (SLM), were used to fabricate WC/maraging steel 300 (WC/MS300) composites. An investigation comparing the microstructure and tribological behaviors of the composites was carried out. In addition, the evolution of the reinforcement phase during these two processes was characterized by SEM and EDS methods.
The Influence of Process Parameters on Structure and Functional Properties of Laser Clad WC-NiCrBSi Coating
Authors: Vostřák M. , Houdková Š. , Česánek Z.
Published: November 2022

In this study, the influence of main laser cladding parameters on the final microstructure of cladded WC-NiCrBSi coating is discussed. As the used powder is the blend of 60% tungsten carbide spherical particles and 40 % NiCrBSi matrix, the carbides’ morphology and distribution in the final coating are dependent on laser cladding parameters. The variability of coating’s microstructure strongly influenced their wear resistance. In the paper, the influence of laser processing parameters on final coating microstructure is studied. The functional properties of cladded coatings are evaluated by dry sand rubber wheel test ASTM G-65. The wear resistance of the coating is dependent on the amount of undissolved carbides particle in the coating.
Transient Coating Buildup and Thermal Analysis of Cold Spray Process by Finite Element Modelling
Authors: Chen C. , Xie Y. , Verdy C. , Liao H. , Deng S. , Ren Z.
Published: November 2022

Since cold spray is widely considered as an additive manufacturing and damage repair technology, it is crucial to understand the coating build-up process and the temperature evolution. In this work, a 3D numerical model was developed to simulate the transient coating build-up process as well as the heat transfer in cold spray. By coupling the heat transfer with the ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian) moving mesh and coating thickness model, this 3D model is able to investigate the temperature evolution of a coating which simultaneously grows according to the nozzle trajectory. The nozzle trajectory that represents the heat source and mass flux of particle impact is generated and simulated in the offline programming software RobotStudio. By assigning the results of coating thickness distribution, the simultaneous build-up of coating computational domain is achieved by ALE moving mesh method. The validation of the FEA (finite element analysis) model was carried out by measuring the coating surface temperature via an infrared imaging camera. With the proposed model, it is able to study the actual coating build-up process as well as the heat transfer phenomena, which may provide more insights for the application in additive manufacturing and damage repair.
Axial Feeding Features of Low Power Suspension Plasma Spraying
Authors: Shahien M. , Suzuki M.
Published: November 2022

Recently we successfully developed a new suspension plasma spray (SPS) system by using a twin-cathode plasma spray gun. The system consists of three plasma torches (central main torch with cathode nozzle and anode, and two sub-torches on the sides with anode nozzle and cathode). The system is characterized by using only argon (Ar) as the plasma gas and low input power, which makes it a gas and power consumption SPS system, compared to the other available SPS systems. This study will discuss the unique features of the axial injection spraying and its effect on the coating formation by the new system. The axial injection showed a significant potential during suspension feeding. It keeps the liquid suspension on the plasma core zone; therefore, the liquid encountered the highest heat and momentum transfers. This enhances the precious control of the coating microstructure through controlling of the droplet size and splat size. It was possible to control the droplet size and therefore the coating microstructure through axial injection and controlling the solid load content on the suspensions. Furthermore, gas atomization control and adjustment showed a strong potential on controlling the mist distribution on the plasma plume and coating formation during axial injection suspension plasma spraying.
Implikatur Tegur Sapa dalam Bahasa Melayu Bengkulu
Authors: Zakaria Jelita , Yuniati Ira , Wijaya Erwin Fajar
Published: November 2022

This study aims to describe the implicatures in Bengkulu Malay greetings in Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu City. The method used is descriptive method. Based on the results of the research on the greeting implicatures in the Bengkulu Malay language greeting in the Teluk Segara sub-district, Bengkulu City, it can be concluded that there are 22 greeting implicatures which are divided into two, namely, a) conversation implicature with 3 data; b) conventional implicature as many as 19 data.

Keywords: Bengkulu Malay, Implicature, Greet Greetings
Analisis Nilai Moral Novel Kembara Karya Pradana Boy ZTF
Authors: Susilo Pendi , Nugroho Agung , Sari Inda Puspita
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the moral values ​​contained in the novel Kembara Karya Pradana Boy ZTF. This study uses qualitative methods with qualitative descriptive research on documents in the form of the novel Kembara Karya Pradana Boy ZTF as the data source. Data collection techniques in this study with documentation techniques. From the results of data analysis, it is known that the novel Kembara Karya Pradana Boy ZTF has moral values ​​according to the regulations. The conclusions that can be drawn from this research are, a) moral values ​​in human relations with oneself there are 30 quotes; b) human moral values ​​with other humans there are 26 quotes; c) human moral values ​​with God there are 31 quotes.

 Keywords: Kembara, Moral Values, Pradana Boy ZTF
Narrating (Sur)face
Authors: Strode Kallie
Published: November 2022

As plastic surgery becomes increasingly normalized as an act of selfcare, it is essential to consider the ways in which facial beauty has been enacted as data on the surface of the body. Taking seriously the paradox “raw data is an oxymoron,” this article explores how facial beauty has been algorithmized in the recent past as a geometrical proof based on the golden ratio. As an overlay system founded in the late 1990s, the Marquardt Mask claims to beautify any face. Yet, it achieves this universalism via its interdisciplinary exploitation of mathematics and biology. The mask thus participates in a cybernetic paradigm of control by abstracting human faciality as an aesthetic feedback loop evidenced in life and nature.
Welcome to the Machine
Authors: Brammer Rebekah
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence has been a topic of fascination for film and television since the earliest appearances of robots on our screens, bringing with them questions about ethics, sentience, and the long-term fate of humanity. This article explores depictions of artificial intelligence on screen from a thematic rather than chronological viewpoint. Themes explored include the popular sci-fi trope of robot rebellion, androids as worker/slaves, and intimate relationships between humans and AI. The article also raises philosophical questions of why we wish to create robots in our own image, and what AI sentience, in both android bodies and more elusive disembodied forms, could look like. A range of films and television series—from the Terminator franchise to HBO’s Westworld—are used to unpack humanity’s dreams and nightmares of how AI could shape our future.
The Face of the Future
Authors: Sacks Abby
Published: November 2022

Lucrecia Martel is an accomplished film director and creative. Her 2019 short film AI blends fiction and reality, imagining what a humanoid artificial intelligence might look like in our world. But her use of a psychiatric patient with schizophrenia to portray her vision has problematic ramifications for the present, namely contributing to the existing stigmatization of people with mental illnesses. Art does not exist in a vacuum, and it is important to examine how a piece might be interpreted or misinterpreted and how it may affect people in their everyday lives. Though AI is an effective work of science fiction, I argue that is overshadowed by the negative unintentional impact it may cause for people with schizophrenia and mental illness at large.
Self-medication among medical students in Anbar and Fallujah Universities – Iraq
Authors: Al Shawi Ameel
Published: November 2022

Background
Introduction:
Self -medication(SM) is worldwide issue, that have serious adverse effects on individuals and communities
Method:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students in Anbar   and Fallujah Universities during the period from February to March 2018.  The subjects were asked to fill a questionnaire that consisted from questions for age, gender, educational level, and employment status, in addition, questions for self-medication history.
Results:                                                                        
  The results revealed that 73% of medical students had practice of self- medication. Higher prevalence of self-medication was among students of 5th study year. Antibiotics was most frequent medicine that used by 137 (49.6%) of the participants, followed by analgesic (29%), and supplements by 40 (14.5%).  The most reasons for using self-medication were previous prescription and advising of pharmacists.
Conclusion:              
  High prevalence of self- medication among medical students in Falluja & Anbar Universities and there was statistical significant association between gender and self- medication practice.
Anger and Dementia Caregiving: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Anger and Hostility on Caregivers’ Physical Health
Authors: See Yi Na , Khor Pee Fen , Koh Hui Ying , Leung Phuong , Del-Pino-Casado Rafael , Orgeta Vasiliki
Published: November 2022

Background:

Anger is commonly experienced by family caregivers of people living with dementia yet its effect on caregivers’ physical health remains unknown.

Objective:

The primary aim of this study was to systematically review current evidence on the effects of anger and hostility on caregivers’ physical health.

Methods:

We searched Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and PsycINFO up to January 2022. Two review authors independently extracted data on study characteristics, study quality, and effect sizes of associations of anger and hostility with caregiver health outcomes.

Results:

We found eight studies examining the effects of anger and hostility on caregivers’ physical health reporting on a total of 937 participants, of which four were cross-sectional and four were longitudinal. Overall findings indicated that higher levels of anger and hostility exerted a negative effect on caregivers’ physical health. Higher anger control was longitudinally associated with increased weight gain ( β= 1.13, p < 0.001), whereas higher anger out predicted higher glucose dysregulation at long-term follow-up ( r = 0.27, p < 0.05). Higher levels of caregiver hostility were associated with increased risk of chronic low-grade inflammation long-term ( r = 0.18, p < 0.05), and increased risk of cognitive decline over time ( r = –0.16, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our review provides the first systematic synthesis of the evidence demonstrating the harmful effects of anger and hostility on dementia caregivers’ health and highlights the need for preventative interventions to support family caregivers experiencing high levels of anger.
Dynamic changes in coagulation, hematological and biochemical parameters as predictors of mortality in critically ill COVID–19 patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Zlojutro Biljana , Jandric Milka , Momcicevic Danica , Dragic Sasa , Kovacevic Tijana , Djajic Vlado , Stojiljkovic Milos P. , Skrbic Ranko , Djuric Dragan M. , Kovacevic Pedja
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION: This study was created to analyze dynamic alterations in coagulation, hematological and biochemical parameters and their association with mortality of COVID-19 patients. To identify the most sensitive biomarkers as predictors of mortality more research is required. METHODS: The present study was a prospective, one-year-long observational study conducted on all critically ill, COVID–19 patients with respiratory failure. The following data were collected: demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population, comorbidities, coagulation, biochemical and hematological parameters. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who died. RESULTS: 91 patients with median age 60 (50–67), 76.9% male, met the acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria. It was tested whether dynamic change (delta-Δ) of parameters that were found to be predictors of mortality is independently associated with poor outcome. Adjusted (multivariate) analysis was used, where tested parameters were corrected for basic and clinical patients characteristics. The only inflammatory parameter which dynamic change had statistically significant odds ratio was ΔCRP (p < 0.005), while among coagulation parameters statistically significant OR was found for Δ fibrinogen (p < 0.005) in predicting mortality. CONCLUSION: Monitoring of coagulation, hematological and biochemical parameters abnormalities and their dynamical changes can potentially improve management and predict mortality in critically ill COVID –19 patients.
Convergence of artificial intelligence research in healthcare: Trends and approaches
Authors: Wan Thomas T.H.
Published: November 2022

A value-based strategy relies on the implementation of a patient-centered care system that will directly benefit patient care outcomes and reduce costs of care. This paper identifies the trends and approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) research in healthcare. The convergence of multiple disciplines in the conduct of healthcare research requires partnerships to be established among academic scholars, healthcare practitioners, and industrial experts in software design and data science. This collaborative work will greatly enhance the formulation of theoretically relevant frameworks to guide empirical research and application, particularly relevant in the search for causal mechanisms to reduce costly and avoidable hospital readmissions for chronic conditions. An example of implementing patient-centered care at the community level is presented and entails the influence of the context, design, process, performance and outcomes on personal and population health, employing AI research and informational technology.
Association of motor performance of children with cerebral palsy and burnout level of their informal caregivers in an African community
Authors: Gbonjubola Yusuf Tunde , Fatudimu Margaret Bukola , Hamzat Talhatu Kolapo
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE: The demands of caring for children with cerebral palsy (CWCP) may lead to burnout among the informal caregivers of these children. However, this subject area has not received significant research attention in Nigeria. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between burnout level of informal caregivers of CWCP and the motor performance of the CWCP. The association between burnout level of the informal caregivers and selected clinical variables of CWCP was also investigated. METHODS: This is a descriptive study of 75 consecutively-sampled informal caregivers (34.76±8.7 years) of CWCP and an equal number of their CWCP. Burnout level of the caregivers and motor performance of the CWCP were assessed using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Gross Motor Function Classification System Family Questionnaire (GMFCSFQ) respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse results at alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant positive association between the CBI scores and the GMFCSFQ scores (p < 0.05). Age of the CWCP as well as type and topography of the cerebral palsy were not significantly associated with the caregivers’ burnout level. Similarly, the age and sex of the caregivers had no statistically significant association with their burnout level (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Caregiving for children with lower motor performance is associated with higher burnout among caregivers. This may impact negatively on the overall health of the caregivers and the quality of care for the CWCP.
Psychometric evaluation and distribution of classification systems in children with cerebral palsy in Japan
Authors: Nishibu Hisato , Seino Tsugumi Hosokawa , Himuro Nobuaki
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE: The study sought to examine the content validity, the intra- and inter-rater reliability, and concurrent validity of the Japanese versions of the Manual Ability Classification System, the Communication Function Classification System, and the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System, and representation of the distribution of the levels of each classification systems in comparison to the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels for children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: The Japanese versions were developed using the back-translation method. For content validity, professionals were asked to complete a questionnaire including items on the appropriateness of the translation, its validity, and distinctions among levels. For reliability, professionals used the three classification systems twice in children with cerebral palsy. For concurrent validity, relationships among the four classification systems were examined by correlation analyses. RESULTS: Participants included twenty-one professionals and 290 children with cerebral palsy (mean age: 12 years two months, female: 132, male: 158). The content validity was generally good. For reliability, the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for the intraclass correlation coefficients was greater than 0.89, and the correlation coefficients were high. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed good reliability and validity of the functional classification systems in Japan.
Does bimanual task training benefit manual ability and hand function of children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy?
Authors: Nawge Surabhi , Karthikbabu Suruliraj
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE: Sixty percent of children with bilateral cerebral palsy have impaired hand function. The study’s purpose was to examine the benefits of bimanual task practice on the manual ability and hand function of children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS: In this pre-post study design, 18 children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy with an average age of 11.5 (+/-1.9) years, Manual Ability Classification System levels I-III and Bimanual Fine Motor Function levels I-III participated in bimanual task practice of upper extremities. The task practice included clay activities, paper manipulation and activities of daily needs. The children underwent 45-minute training sessions 3 times a week over 6 weeks. The outcome measures were ABILHAND-Kids, Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test and grip strength. RESULTS: Post-training, a mean change of 6.44 logits in ABILHAND-Kids, 11 points on the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test, and 3.3 and 3.1 kilograms grip strength in the dominant and nondominant hands respectively were observed with a statistical significance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bimanual task training might be beneficial in improving manual ability, hand function and grip strength in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.
Reporte de Mercados Financieros - primer trimestre de 2021
Authors: Vargas Hernando , Cardozo Pamela , Rojas Juan Sebastián , Quicazán Carlos Andrés , Ariza Sara , Barreto Ittza Alejandra , León Laura Viviana , Martínez Diego Alejandro , Mateus Julián Camilo , Orozco Camilo Andrés , Ruiz Cristhian Hernando , Torres Nicolás Fernando , Almario Camilo Eduardo , Quintero-Pacacira Juan Camilo , Salazar-Hernández Juliana
Published: November 2022

Durante el primer trimestre de 2021 (1T21) los mercados financieros giraron alrededor al mayor optimismo ante las expectativas de una recuperación económica global más rápida de lo anticipado previamente, liderada por EE.UU. y China, ante el mayor estímulo fiscal, la continuación del estímulo monetario, los avances en la distribución de las vacunas contra el Covid-19 y el proceso de reapertura económica, así como a las expectativas de que el exceso de ahorro privado conlleve a una fortaleza del crecimiento económico impulsado por el consumo.
Reporte de Mercados Financieros - primer trimestre de 2022
Authors: Vargas Hernando , Cardozo Pamela , Rojas Juan Sebastián , Quicazán Carlos Andrés , Ariza Sara , Barreto Ittza Alejandra , Herrera Nicolás , Mateus Julián Camilo , Orozco Camilo Andrés , Ruiz Cristhian Hernando , Torres Nicolás Fernando , Lozano Morales Felipe , Morales Pineda Gabriela
Published: November 2022

El primer trimestre de 2022 se caracterizó por la continuación de las presiones inflacionarias a nivel global, las cuales se vieron acentuadas por el aumento de los precios de los commodities tras la invasión de Rusia a Ucrania. En este contexto, la mayoría de los bancos centrales continuó retirando el estímulo monetario adoptado durante la pandemia lo cual llevó a un aumento de las tasas de interés, así como en las tasas de los títulos de deuda.
Reporte de Mercados Financieros - segundo trimestre de 2020
Authors: Vargas Hernando , Cardozo Pamela , Rojas Juan Sebastián , Quicazán Carlos Andrés , Ariza Sara , Barreto Ittza Alejandra , León Laura Viviana , Martínez Diego Alejandro , Mateus Julián Camilo , Ruiz Cristhian Hernando , Venegas Tatiana , Carvajal Hernán Darío , Moreno Daniel Felipe
Published: November 2022

El Banco de la República (BR) genera información para la toma de decisiones, la rendición de cuentas y la difusión al público. En particular, el Reporte de Mercados Financieros está enmarcado dentro del principio de difusión al público y contribuye a cumplir con el servicio que presta el Banco de ofrecer información e investigación económica de calidad.
FENOMENA PEMEROLEHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Adha Ruly
Published: November 2022

The purposes of the article were to describe the language acquisition process of children and elaborate on the process of language development of children. This article was library research that used the descriptive qualitative method based on the data of some research or some books from some experts about language acquisition and language development. It was found that children had experienced three stages of language acquisition. In the first stage, children imitated simple sounds to show an action. In the next stage, children produced similar sounds that adults also produced. Then, children could produce and pronounce simple sentences in their native language in the last stage. Furthermore, language development consists of the process of articulation development and the process of word and sentence development.
UPAYA PESANTREN MUHAMMADIYAH KWALA MADU LANGKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN LIFE SKILL SANTRI
Authors: Muhibuddin Muhibuddin , Asrul Asrul , Manda Sari Sefrila , Hamdani Hamdani
Published: November 2022

The challenges of Islamic boarding schools in the era of globalization and modernization are changing rapidly because of the urgency of these challenges. Although the intensity and form of pesantren are not the same as one another, this reality impacts the existence of the continuity of the pesantren, the role and achievement of the goals of the pesantren, as well as the public's view of this institutionalized education. This type of research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type at the Modern Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School in Kuala Madu Langkat, North Sumatra. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation, as well as using qualitative analysis techniques. The results of this study conclude that the efforts of the Modern Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School Kwala Madu Langkat, North Sumatra, in improving life skills are pretty reasonable, namely, by carrying out three stages, namely 1) habituation, 2) assignment, 3) training with language development programs such as giving vocabulary, muhadtsah, muhadara, as well as activities that support extracurricular activities, namely Tahfidz al-Qur'an, calligraphy, sports, sewing and so on. These three stages are carried out with the characteristics and abilities of the students who want to be developed.
Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate and Access to Rehabilitation Services in the South-West of Iran: A 10-Year Study
Authors:   Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Derakhshandeh Zahra , Jalilevand Nahid ,   Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Abolghasemi Jamileh ,   Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Momeni Mohammadali ,   Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran., Saffarian Arezoo ,   Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives: Cleft lip and or cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most prevalent malformations in the head and neck region. The etiology of this malformation is multifactorial, and the incidence of clefts may be affected by ethnic, racial, geographic, and socioeconomic factors, therefore this study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors of CL/P, and access to rehabilitation services for these children in the south-west of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed birth data collected from hospitals (according to the International Classification of Diseases [ICD10] hospital registry code) in Shahrekord City, Iran, from 2011 to 2021. Frequency distribution and frequency of received rehabilitation services were analyzed. 76 children without this disorder were selected as a control group to evaluate the risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence was approximately 0.93 per 1000 live births. The prevalence of Cleft Lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) were 0.17, 0.27, and 0.49, respectively. Of the 38 infants born with CL/P, 20 infants (52.63%) were boys and 18 (47.36%) were girls (P>0.05). The variables of cleft history, maternal disease, maternal medicine history, low infant weight, and child disease were significantly associated with CL/P (P<0.05). Also, the children with CL/P significantly delayed speech development (P<0.05). A total of 26.31% of them did not have early surgery, 10.52% had no surgery, and 34.21% had no history of speech and language treatment. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that the overall prevalence of oral clefts was 0.93 per 1000 live births. However, some of these children did not have access to surgery and rehabilitation services in time; therefore it is necessary to plan to receive early surgery and rehabilitation services.
Improving the Water Repellency of Polyester Filament Yarn and Fabrics
Authors: GARİP Beysim , YÜKSEL Ayten , ÜNAL Seda , BEDELOĞLU Ayşe
Published: November 2022

Water-repellent finishing is one of the most applied finishing processes by using materials that prevent the wetting of textile products and the passage of water drops. Fluorinated compounds are widely used in conventional methods applied for the development of water repellency, but the threats posed by these to humans and the environment have led to new searches for water repellency. Giving the water-repellent effect by reinforcing the masterbatch during fiber production can provide longer-lasting, homogeneously dispersed and environmentally friendly products. This reason, in this study, filament yarns containing fluorine-free water-repellent additives in three different weight percentages and fabrics coated with a water-repellent finishing without fluorine were produced. Then, the performance properties of the yarns were analyzed and water repellency, tensile and air permeability tests of the fabrics were performed. As coating repetition increased, the water repellency of the fabrics improved and air permeability decreased by approximately 80%.
The influence of the drugs “Brovermectin-granulate TM” and “Avesstim TM” on indicators of non-specific resistance of one year-old carp fish infested with monogeneans
Authors: Fedorovych O. V. , Stybel V. V. , Gutyj B. V. , Starostenko I. S. , Tkachenko S. V. , Tytarenko I. V. , Klopenko N. I. , Kunovskii Ju. , Kuzmenko P. I.
Published: November 2022

The article presents data on the study of the influence of the drugs “Brovermectin-granulate TM” and “Avesstim TM” on indicators of non-specific resistance of one-year-old carp fish infested with monogeneans. For conducting experiments, 14 experimental groups were formed (two groups of each species of fish affected by Dactylogyrus lamellatus, Gyrodactylus hypophthalmichtіdis, Eudiplozoon nipponicum ). The fish of the first experimental group were administered “Brovermectin-granulate TM”, and the second experimental group were administerec a complex of drugs “Brovermectin-granulate TM” and “Avesstim TM”. Fish infected with various ectoparasites (Dactylogyrus lamellatus, Gyrodactylus hypophthalmichtіdis, Eudiplozoon nipponicum ) served as controls. Fish of each group were kept in separate aquariums with a capacity of 40 dm3 with artificial aeration at a temperature of 20–22 °С. Their care and feeding was carried out according to the relevant norms and rations. During the entire period of research, the behavior and clinical condition of the fish were observed. The pre-experimental period of acclimatization of annuals was 7 days. The use of the drug “Brovermectin-granulate TM” to one-year-old white carp, crucian carp and scaly carp affected by monogeneans had a stimulating effect on the resistance of their organism. At the same time, the simultaneous use of the specified drug with the immunomodulator “Avesstim TM” contributed to better activation of the humoral link of non-specific immunity in sick fish. To normalize the organism homeostasis, correct metabolism and activate the humoral link of non-specific immunity during a monogenoid invasion of carp, it is recommended to feed them with a combined feed of the drugs “Brovermectin-granulate TM” and the immunomodulator “Avesstim TM”.
Study of the monoglycerides features as a promising alternative to antibiotics in feeding broiler chickens
Authors: Masiuk D. M. , Tamchuk L. M. , Nedzvetsky V. S. , Kokariev A. V.
Published: November 2022

The spreading of antibiotic resistance in the modern world results from the application of uncontrolled and excessively intensive antibiotics for treating human infectious diseases and their use as growth stimulants in animal farming. In some economically developed countries, restrictions on the use of antibiotics are already applied in order to prevent the generation of resistant strains of microorganisms. An essential component of such means is antibiotic-free strategies in animal farming. Recently, strategies based on the alternative to both antimicrobials and growth promoters have been proposed, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, enzymes, and organic acids. Short-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides based on them are considered a promising alternatives to antimicrobial agents for poultry farming. However, the effects of these compounds on innate immunity and cytokine production in the intestinal system remain undiscovered. The experiment was carried out using two groups of Cobb 500 cross broilers in the conditions of an industrial poultry farm. The broiler chickens of the research group were exposed to a monoglyceride mixture with С3, С4, С8–С10 fatty acids from 1 to 7 days of life and 16 to 22 days of life at a dose of 0.5 l of the mixture per ton of water. On the 31-st day of life, productive parameters were evaluated, and five birds were selected from each group. The fragments of the duodenum, caecum, and rectum with contents were taken from the bird. In the presented study, the content of interferon-α in the tissue of the small intestine of broiler chickens under the conditions of drinking monoglyceride was studied. To evaluate the beneficial effect of monoglyceride, the state of the microbiome and productive indicators were determined. The study showed that the monoglyceride induces a statistically significant increase in the content of enterococcus in the duodenum, suppresses the growth of staphylococcus, and increases the production of interferon-α. Moreover, average daily weight gain relative to controls was almost 2% greater in monoglyceride-treated chicks. Thus, preservation of the state of microbiota and moderate stimulation of interferon-α production can be essential components of the multidirectional protective effect of monoglycerides and fatty acids.
Effect of “EM® PROBIOTIC FOR BEES” on the biochemical parameters of bee haemolymph in an entomological cage experiment
Authors: Lakhman A. R. , Galatіuk O. Ye. , Romanіshіna T. А. , Behas V. L.
Published: November 2022

The problem of proper support for the health of bee colonies is now a topical issue. The study of bee haemolymph parameters under the influence of certain agents and factors has been carried out by a number of scientists in different countries of the world. Therefore the determination of changes in biochemical parameters of bee hemolymph when applying different concentrations (5 %, 2.5 %, 1.25 %) of “EM® PROBIOTIC FOR BEES” diluted with honey buckwheat and sugar syrup was the aim of the experiment. The study included placing experimental insects in entomological cages, creating optimal conditions for their life, feeding them with “EM® PROBIOTIC FOR BEES” diluted with honey buckwheat and sugar syrup in different concentrations and studying biochemical parameters of their haemolymph on the “limiting” day in relation to the time of their death. Some biochemical parameters of the bees from 8 experimental groups (laboratory conditions) were compared with the hemolymph Apis mellifera of the control (natural conditions) group from the same apiary. Biochemical parameters of haemolymph: total protein (PRO); albumin (ALB); glucose (GLU); α-amylase (AMY); alkaline phosphatase (ALP); aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SGOT); gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and creatinine (Cre) were determined by a Chem 7 semiautomatic biochemical analyser by wavelength selection and calibration for each parameter. The changes in these parameters in relation to the bee organism under laboratory conditions are interpreted. The negative effects of honey buckwheat syrup as a solvent for “EM® PROBIOTIC FOR BEES” have been revealed, leading to hyperprotenemia, where an excessive amount of protein can act as a trigger for the development of ketosis. In turn, the decomposition product of this protein, ammonia, that causes high enzyme activity in the form of aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)  in the blood of experimental insects which were fed probiotic diluted with buckwheat honey syrup. At the same time, concentrations of the preparation diluted with sugar syrup solution were determined to cause an increase in the content of globulins in the haemolymph of experimental insects, which have important immunological significance. There was a decrease in creatinine in the haemolymph of experimental insects which had been fed “EM® PROBIOTIC FOR BEES”, diluted with sugar syrup solution (5 % – 780 µmol/l; 2.5 % – 700.8 µmol/l; 1.25 % – 62.4 µmol/l). Note the fact of satisfactory operation of the malpighian vessels of the excretory system of experimental insects. Thus, “EM® PROBIOTIC FOR BEES” is a promising agent with a differential effect on the biochemical parameters of bee hemolymph in the studied concentrations.
Antibacterial Activity of Citronella Essential Oil from Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sari Irma , Misrahanum Misrahanum , Faradilla Meutia , Ayuningsih Cut Mutia , Hilda Maysarah
Published: November 2022

Irrational antibiotic use in the treatment of infectious diseases can result in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The purpose of this study is to determine the physical properties of citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) and to assess its antibacterial activity against MRSA. Citronella essential oil was extracted using a water-steam distillation method, yielding 0.5 percent. Citronella essential oil has a specific gravity of 0.904, a refractive index of 1.470, and is slightly soluble in 80 percent ethanol. All of these parameters were in accordance with the Indonesian Standard Requirement (SNI) for Citronella essential oil. The disc diffusion assay was used to test the antibacterial activity of this Citronella essential oil. The result indicated that Citronella essential oil has an activity to inhibit MRSA invitro.
Virgin Coconut Oil in Ketogenic Diet
Authors: Silalahi Jansen , Silalahi Yosy C E
Published: November 2022

A ketogenic diet consists of high fat, with moderate to low protein content, and very low carbohydrates, which forces the body to use fat instead of glucose to produce energy which is called ketosis. Ketogenic diets are commonly used in patients suffering from neurological disorders, and mostly epilepsy. Fat is a mixture of different triacylglycerol molecules formed by esterification of glycerol with three fatty acids. Based on the length of fatty acids in triacylglycerols, fats and oils can be classified into two groups; medium chain triglycerides composed of short and medium chain fatty acids containing 4 to 12 carbon atom, and long chain triglycerides composed of long chain fatty acids containing 14 to 22 carbon. Metabolism of medium chain triglycerides is different from that of long chain triglycerides. Classic or old ketogenic diet use long chain triglycerides as fat component may cause side effects such as dislipidemia and hence increase cardiovascular disease risk.This drawback may be reduced by replacing long chain triglycerides with medium chain triglycerides. Coconut oil belongs to medium chain triglyceride fats because it’s fatty acids consist mostly of medium chain fatty acids. There are two kinds of coconut oil obtained from coconut meat namely coconut oil used for frying, and virgin coconut oil is directly consumable and more suitable in Ketogenic diets