bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morbilliviral infections in marine mammals
Authors: Seamus Kennedy
Published: October 2020

Epizootics of infectious disease were unknown in cetaceans prior to 1987. However, since then there have been at least three epizootics in dolphins and two in pinniped species. Many of the clinical, pathological and epidemiological features of these events were similar to those of morbilliviral infections in terrestrial mammals. There has been speculation that contaminants may have predisposed marine mammals to these and this is discussed. Morbilliviruses are highly pathogenic viruses and caused epizootics in terrestrial mammals long before the advent of anthropogenic contaminants
Organochlorine levels in cetaceans from South Africa: A review
Authors: Cockcroft V.G.
Published: October 2020

Publications on levels of organochlorines in cetaceans from South Africa are reviewed. Organochlorine contamination in cetaceans off South Africa is similar to those in Australian waters, but generally low compared to the Northern Hemisphere. An exception is the coastal dolphins inhabiting the South African east coast waters. In these animals levels are similar to Northern Hemisphere coastal cetaceans. Levels are generally higher in coastal dolphins, compared to dolphins living in deeper waters. It is suggested that these differences are directly related to the levels of industrialisation and cultivation of the surrounding area. Too few samples of either baleen whales or toothed whales are available to investigate the differences in Organochlorine levels between these two groups. Similarly, even for species with the highest sample sizes — common and bottlenose dolphins — the data are insufficient to investigate trends in contaminant levels.
Biomarkers as pollution indicators with special reference to cetaceans
Authors: Peakall D.
Published: October 2020

The limited information available on biomarkers in cetaceans and pinnipeds is reviewed. The main problems with their application to cetaceans are the difficulties in obtaining suitable tissue material and in carrying out experimental work to relate pollutant levels and effects. A white whalepopulation from the Gulf of St Lawrence has been found to have a high incidence of tumours and the presence of adducts was related to exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (PAH), a well known carcinogen. Some research has been carried out on induction of Mixed Function Oxidases (MFOs) (mainly cytochrome P450 system) in cetaceans, but the results are not yet conclusive. Studies on other groups of animals suggest that MFOs may be valuable biomarkers, particularly if techniques to measure them in biopsy skin samples are further developed. The goal should be that wild cetaceans are physiologically normal, biomarkers can be used to identify populations whose physiological functions are outside normal limits because of excessive exposure to pollutants. Since no pristine environments currently exist, measurements of biomarkers along gradients of pollutant exposure are needed to establish physiological normality in cetaceans.
Habilidades Cognitivas, Capital Humano y Desarrollo Comparado: Herramientas para el seguimiento del impacto de la política educativa con los resultados de pruebas internacionales
Authors: Morales Romero Daniel
Published: October 2020

En esta investigación se logró obtener estimacionesy simulaciones sobre los niveles de desarrollocomparado y de crecimiento económico que podríatener la República Dominicana si aumentara de manerasignificativa sus habilidades cognitivas. En particular,con el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios yvariables instrumentales, se realizaron simulacionesque predicen que si la República Dominicana mejorasignificativamente su nivel de habilidades cognitivasen unas dos posiciones en el ranking, su desarrollocomparado mejorará más de 10 posiciones en elranking de ingreso por habitante.
¿Azar o Intencionalidad?
Authors: Sánchez Pimentel Cibeles Camila
Published: October 2020

La presente investigación aborda como objetivo general, valorar la proyección de la figura de la mujer en los libros de texto del área de EducaciónArtística de los dos últimos cursos del Segundo Ciclo del Nivel Secundario, en el año lectivo 2017-2018 en el Sistema Educativo Dominicano, del Ministerio deEducación.En las conclusiones se revelan asimetrías e inclinaciones críticas y evidentes hacia la figura del hombre sobre la mujer, en ambos tipos de análisis delos contenidos investigados. Por lo que nos preguntamos, si los roles asignados históricamente, reforzados tanto por el texto y la iconografía que se estipulan aquí y la relación existente entre todo este engranaje respecto a la figura de la mujer en dichos libros de texto es ¿azar o intencionalidad?.
Lectoescritura inicial en Latinoamérica y el Caribe: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Stone Rebecca
Published: October 2020

Este artículo proporciona una descripción general de la metodología y los resultados de una revisión sistemática de la evidencia sobre la lectoescriturainicial en la región de América Latina y el Caribe de 1995 a 2016. Incluye los resultados de una revisión sistemática original, así como una actualización dela revisión. La revisión incluye evidencia cuantitativa y cualitativa sobre lectura y/o escritura centrada en niños desde el nacimiento hasta el tercer grado             desde o en América Latina o el Caribe. Los hallazgos indican que existen grandes brechas en la evidencia en términos de temas, así como en términos                     de la calidad de la evidencia que se produce en la región. Este artículo identifica brechas de investigación específicas que requieren mayor atención,                        así como algunas recomendaciones para avanzar.
Mapeo y análisis de los actores clave en lectoescritura inicial del programa de capacidades Lac Reads de USAID (2016-2018)
Authors: Contreras Yesly
Published: October 2020

Este artículo resume el mapeo y análisis de actores clave en Lectoescritura Inicial del Programa deCapacidades en LAC Reads en Nicaragua, Honduras, República Dominicana, Jamaica y Guatemala paraidentificar lo siguiente: (1) quiénes son los actores clave en lectoescritura en los primeros gradosen cada país, (2) cuál es su grado de influencia e interés en la lectoescritura en los primeros gradossegún la metodología propuesta, (3) cuáles son las características de las intervenciones de lectoescriturainicial que promueven los actores clave en cada país, (4) cuáles son los recursos o materiales que necesitan, (5)cuáles son los formatos a través de los cuales se debe difundir la información, (6) cuáles son las aportacionesde los actores clave para fundamentar el diseño de los planes de fortalecimiento de las capacidades dela lectoescritura inicial a nivel local, (7) qué tipo de evidencia se necesita para mejorar la práctica, (8) cómocrear y fortalecer las capacidades actuales en cada país, (9) con cuáles recursos se cuenta en la región paraatender estas necesidades y (10) qué oportunidades hay en cada país para mantener las labores a futuro.
Ciberplagio académico como desafío en la competencia informacional en estudiantes del segundo ciclo de nivel medio de la modalidad académica
Authors: Estevenson Luis Solano
Published: October 2020

En esta era de la globalización tecnológica, el mundo se encuentra cada vez más sumergido en la digitalización para generar que la sociedad cada día más dependa del Internet. Con el fi n de conocer el ciberplagio como desafío en la competencia informacional en los estudiantes del nivel preuniversitario (abril-junio 2019), se realizó un estudio descriptivo y explicativo de corte transversal, con inclusión de datos prospectivos. Con un universo de 53 alumnos del segundo ciclo y una muestra conformada por 25 estudiantes, y con el fi n de explorar las causas, efectos y aspectos éticos del plagio desde donde impacta, el 79.91 % afirma que todo lo que hay en internet se puede copiar, pegar y descargar, que no está mal ni ilegal hacerlo; mientras que el 60.87 % afirma que los maestros no les han enseñado a los estudiantes que es una referencia bibliográfica. Siendo la competencia informacional importante para su desarrollo, muestran, de forma significativa, los más bajos índices de autoeficacia e importancia de la búsqueda y procesamiento de la información. El acceso a la información mediante el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) durante la formación académica y en el ecosistema digital de los estudiantes debe darse desde un enfoque ético. En la falta de integridad académica y la deshonestidad es donde se refleja el déficit del ciberplagio como un desafío en la competencia informacional para la búsqueda, evaluación, procesamiento y comunicación de la información.
Congenital First Branchial Fistula: Study of 10 Cases
Authors: Daulatuzzaman Md. , Mojumder SM. K A , Khan N U , Khan E H , Hossain F M S , Hossain Md. O
Published: October 2020

Congenital auriculocervical fistula is a rare occurance and reporting of the challeges in diagnosis andmanagement is not common. Ten cases of congenital first branchial fistula were reviewed. Of these, 8underwent fistulectomy with facial nerve dissection and partial parotidectomy and 2 underwent simplefistulectomy. The inner openings (upper opening) of fistulae lay in the following sites: inferioposterior wallat the junction of cartilaginous and bony segments of the auricular canal and inferior wall of cartilaginousauricular canal. The outer openings (lower opening) lay along the anterior border of uppersternocleidomastoid muscle, at the mastoid tip and posterior to the mandibular angle. Complete fistulaeresection was achieved in all but not one case. Eight cases were followed for 5 year with no recurrence.Recurrence occurred in 1 case 6 months after the primary surgery and revision surgery was performedConclusions Pre-operative radiography for the location and course of the fistula is crucial for successfulfistula resection, especially in cases with past infections. Facial nerve dissection should be done routinelyfor deeply located fistulae.
Penerapan metode pembelajaraan kooperatif Jigsaw menggunakan media engine stand pada siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Cangkringan
Authors: Saryanto Saryanto
Published: October 2020

Siswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami materi tentang bahan bakar konvensional, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil nilai siswa yang masih di bawah kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM). Padahal di sekolah sudah terdapat media engine stand yang memadai dan representative. Guru yang mengajar di kelas sudah berpengalaman dalam materi bahan bakar konvensional. penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai praktek sistem bahan bakar konvensional pada siswa smk kelas xii jurusan tenik kendaraan ringan. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research). Penelitian adalah kegiatan mencermati suatu objek, menggunakan aturan metodologi tertentu untuk memperoleh data yang bermanfaat bagi peneliti. Penerapan metode kooperatif Jig Show dapat meningkat kemampuan pemahaman tentang materi praktik bahan bakar konvensional. Hasil rata-rata prasiklus sebesar 71,86, siklus I rata-rata skor test sebesar 73,62, sedangkan pada siklus II rata-rata skor tes sebesar 75,05. Peningkatan terjadi setiap siklus.
Strategi team game turnamen untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi dan keaktifan belajar matematika
Authors: Widada Slamet
Published: October 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi dan keaktifan belajar matematika konsep gradien dan persamaan garis lurus pada siswa kelas VIII A SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Depok, dengan menerapkan model kooperatif tipe Team Group Turnamen (TGT). Data penelitian tindakan kelas diperoleh dengan cara: pengamatan, rekaman proses pembelajaran, serta angket siswa. Data yang telah dikumpulkan pada siklus I, didiskusikan bersama kolaborator, kemudian dilakukan tindakan perbaikan pada siklus II. Data yang dikumpulkan pada siklus I dan II dibandingkan, dibahas, dan disimpulkan, bahwa ada peningkatan presentasi aktif dari 69% menjadi 87%, diskusi kelompok dari 60% menjadi 90%, aktivitas peserta games turnamen dari 60% menjadi 94 %, serta hasil pengisian angket refleksi dari 72% menjadi 75%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Model kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi dan keaktifan belajar matematika siswa pada konsep gradien dan persamaan garis lurus di kelas VIII A SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Depok Sleman rata-rata peningkatan dari 65% menjadi 84%. Hasil capaian ini diatas kriteria yang ditetapkan 75%. Sehingga model Kooperatif tipe TGT dapat dijadikan alternatif dalam pembelajaran matematika karena siswa akan lebih konsentrasi, aktif, dan menyenangi matematika karena ada unsur games turnamen.
MENINGKATKAN TEAMWORK SKILLS MELALUI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KLASIKAL BERBASIS COOPERATIVE LEARNING
Authors: Safitri Nindiya Eka
Published: October 2020

Pada umumnya laki-laki lebih mendominasi daripada perempuan. Akan tetapi, siswa laki-laki SMK Muhammadiyah Wonosari merupakan kelompok minoritas yang sepanjang proses pembelajaran cenderung lebih pasif meskipun sudah didorong guru untuk melakukan teamwork. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan teamwork skills siswa melalui layanan bimbingan klasikal berbasis cooperative learning pada 34 siswa kelas X Jasa Boga SMK Muhammadiyah Wonosari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan 2 (dua) siklus dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari 2 (dua) pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan angket kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik statistik deskriptif berbasis komputer berbantuan Microsoft Excel 2013. Hasil penelitian pada pra tindakan menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki skor rata-rata 56,35 atau dalam kategori sedang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa laki-laki dan sebagian siswa perempuan belum dapat berinteraksi, berkomunikasi dan menyelesaikan tugas kelompok dengan baik. Pada siklus I, skor rata-rata meningkat menjadi 65,32 atau kategori tinggi yang ditandai dengan perubahan pola komunikasi yang lebih intensif dan interaktif. Pada siklus II, skor rata-rata meningkat mencapai 68,08 atau berada dalam kategori tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa laki-laki dan perempuan mampu berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi secara aktif, bahkan berani mengungkapkan pendapat dan mempertahankan gagasannya secara kritis dan etis untuk menyelesaikan tugas kelompok.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHARE TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR PELAJARAN EKONOMI
Authors: WATI RAHAYU SARAS
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil santri dalam belajar ekonomi dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan kuesioner  sebanyak 29 santri putra kelas 11 IPS. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pembelajaran kooperatif Think Pair Share (TPS) dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar ekonomi  santri dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan prosentase dari siklus I sebesar 49,78% menjadi 78,77% pada siklus II kenaikan tersebut karenakan santri tekun menghadapi tugas, lebih aktif dalam pemecahan masalah, minat terhadap pelajaran tinggi, aktif bertanya dan berargumen, dan ada keinginan berhasil. Dari evaluasi hasil belajar siklus 1 rata-rata nilai berada pada range 71-73 sebesar 28%, pada siklus kedua terjadi peningkatan menjadi 74-80 sebesar 41%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif Teknik TPS menjadikan kegiatan belajar mengajar menjadi lebih menyenangkan. AbstracThe aim of this study is to improve students' motivation and learning outcomes of economics subject by applying Think Pair Share (TPS) learning models. Data collecting technique used Observation and questionnaires to 29 students of eleventh grade majoring in social study program. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative learning method can improve students’ learning motivation of economics subject as evidenced by an increase in the percentage of the first cycle of 49.78% to 78.77% in the second cycle increase because it can be seen that students face diligent work, more active in problem solving, high interest in learning, actively asking questions and arguing, and willing to success. From the evaluation of learning outcomes of cycle 1, the average score is in the range of 71-73 by 28%, in the second cycle there is an increase to 74-80 by 41%. It can be concluded that learning economics used Cooperative Learning Methods TPS Techniques teaching and learning activities became more enjoyable.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR BAHASA ARAB ASPEK AT-TARĀKIB DENGAN STRATEGI DRILL BERBASIS ACCELERATED LEARNING
Authors: Awaliyah Helmy Fauzi
Published: October 2020

This research is based on the fact that the low Arabic values of the At-Tarākib aspect of the 11th grade students of Accounting Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta. This is due to several factors, including inappropriate learning models and strategies. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles. This aims to determine the improvement of learning achievement in Arabic aspects of At-Tarākib. The results showed that learning with the Drill-based Accelerated Learning strategy could improve the achievement of learning Arabic in the aspect of At Tarākib. In first cycle the average value of pre-test score was 48 and post-test score 70, so the increase was 22. The meaning of students' understanding of the material increased. Some students are able to make material concept maps and can make sentences according to the material. In the second cycle the pre-test score was 66 and the post-test score was 84, so the increase was 24. The average post-test increase from the first cycle in the second cycle was 14. Its meaning, most students were able to make concept maps about the material and were able make sentences according to the material.
IMPLEMENTASI MIND MAPPING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 3 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Mawanto Sri
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi Mind Mapping dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan subjek  penelitian siswa kelas X IIS 1. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan, observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pra siklus nilai di bawah KKM sebanyak 28 siswa yang belum tuntas dengan persentase ketuntasan sebanyak 22,22 %. Setelah dikenai tindakan pada siklus 1 dengan menggunakan metode mind mapping maka jumlah siswa yang di bawah KKM mengalami penurunan dari 28 siswa menjadi 11 siswa. Sedangkan nilai yang diatas KKM mengalami kenaikan dari 8 siswa menjadi 25 siswa dengan persentase ketuntasan sebanyak 69,44 %. Setelah dikenai tindakan pada siklus 2 jumlah siswa yang di bawah KKM mengalami penurunan dari 11 siswa menjadi 4 siswa. Sedangkan nilai yang diatas KKM mengalami kenaikan dari 25 siswa menjadi 32 siswa dengan persentase ketuntasasan sebanyak 88,89 %. Ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa ini telah melampaui target penelitian yaitu sebesar ≥ 75 %. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi Mind Mapping dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran mata pelajaran Sejarah di SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta.
Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII dengan strategi quantum learning dalam mempelajari IPA materi klasifikasi makhluk hidup melalui penamaan jenis tumbuhan di sekitar madrasah
Authors: Hamzati Nur Sita
Published: October 2020

Materi klasifikasi makhluk hidup pada mata pelajaran IPA mengkaji tentang tata nama ilmiah keanekaragaman jenis makhluk hidup. Nama latin menjadi kendala dalam pemahaman siswa karena sulitnya pelafadzan. Sehingga perlu adanya inovasi model pembelajaran agar terjadi proses pembelajaran yang menyenangkan. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam mempelajari materi klasifikasi makhluk hidup dengan menggunakan strategi Quantum Learning. Strategi ini menjadikan siswa lebih aktif, karena proses pembelajaran dilakukan dengan santai dan menyenangkan. Pemberian nama atau label pada jenis tumbuhan di lingkungan madrasah merupakan metode penelitian sederhana yang dilakukan oleh siswa dan secara langsung. Sehingga dapat membantu siswa dalam menghafal dan mempelajari keanekaragaman. Hasil belajar siswa mengalami kenaikan persentase capaian KKM dari siklus 1 sebesar 14% menjadi 62% pada siklus 2. Meskipun belum mencapai standar ketuntasan individual dan klasikal, namun hasil belajar siswa rata-rata meningkat sebesar 95%.
Analysis of Efficiency and Effectiveness of The Performance of Public Housing and Residential Area: The case of Palembang
Authors: Dharmika Sya'nia
Published: October 2020

Dinas Perumahan Rakyat dan Kawasan Permukiman (Pera KP) is an element of the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) of the regional government of Palembang City which operates in 4 (four) heads of fields, namely, the fields of Utilities, Environmental Sanitation, Housing and Environmental Roads. In 2018, there are several activities or programs that have not been realized but will be realized in 2019. This research identifies activities or programs in 2019 using the Efficiency and Effectiveness method. Based on the results obtained, the Pera KP Office is included in the Efficiency category. While the results of the questionnaire distributed using the Community Satisfaction Index, the effectiveness level was in the good category with a number of 68.5
EMPOWERING PARENTS IN INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE IN EARLY AGE CHILDREN WITH THE THEME "SCIENCE IS FUN"
Authors: Helmita Roza , Irhash Putra Aidhya , Fajar Najmiatul , Haris Venny , Idrus Hadiyati , Sari Maya
Published: October 2020

The responsibility of introducing science to early childhood should not only be borne by PAUD

teachers, but it should also have been introduced by parents at home. This empowerment activity

is focused on how the introduction of science to AUD can be done by parents at home, what media

can be made by parents to introduce science to early childhood. The target activities are the

Kumanis nagari community and Tanjung Bonai Aur Sijunjung Regency who have children aged 2

years - 6 years. The preparatory phase carried out includes: survey and stabilization and

determination of location and targets. The Stages of the Workshop are as follows: 1) Techniques to

read fairy tales about science: reading narratives, vocal techniques of cartoon characters to the

sounds of animals, nature and various types of machines as well as "story telling" to participants, 2)

Techniques of making fairy tales with natural themes, 3) Techniques to make science play tools for

AUD as well as simulating the use of these tools. Evaluation of activities is carried out during the

process and the end of the training. As for evaluating these activities, we conducted a

questionnaire. From the questionnaire assessment it can be concluded that the activity participants

were satisfied and gained new knowledge for their activities
Peningkatan Performa Sekolah Dasar Melalui Program Pelatihan Guru dan Kepala Sekolah di Kota Jambi
Authors: Munawwaroh Khidayatul , Silvia Efa , Wahyuni Uli , Dewi Sri , Mayasari Mayasari
Published: October 2020

This training aims to provide an overview of the concepts of improving the performance of teachersand school principals as an effort to improve human resources (HR) which is carried out througheducation and training, so that it is expected to produce high enough performance of teachers andprincipals in learning. One of the weaknesses that exist today in the world of education is the lowperformance of teachers in terms of competence and self-quality in managing classes actively andcreatively. Based on the data above, there needs to be a comprehensive effort to improve the qualityof our education. This improvement can be started from the lowest education unit, namely the schoolinstitution. The capacity of Indonesian schools needs to be increased so that they are able to face thechallenges of a much more competitive future. One way to improve school performance is to improveteacher quality. The quality of teachers can be improved by providing training and mentoring. For thisreason, as a form of Higher Education Tridharma, a Community Service Program was held with thetheme of Improving Primary School Performance through the Teacher and Principal Training Programat the As'ad Islamic Elementary School Foundation in Jambi City. The purpose of this training is toassist teachers in the development of teacher professional competencies such as updating learningmethods in class, use of learning media, etc. Through increasing the capacity of teachers through thisworkshop, it is hoped that it can improve the school's performance.
Evaluating the response of ẟ13C in Haloxylon ammodendron, a
dominant C4 species in Asian desert ecosystem, to water and nitrogen
addition as well as the availability of its ẟ13C as the indicator of water
use-efficiency
Authors: Chen Zixun , Liu Xuejun , Cui Xiaoqing , Han Yaowen , Wang Guoan , Li Jiazhu
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Variations in precipitation and atmospheric N deposition affect water and N availability in desert, and thus may have significant effects on desert ecosystems. Haloxylon ammodendron is a dominant plant in Asian desert, and addressing its physiological acclimatization to the changes in precipitation and N deposition can provide an insight into how desert plants adapt extreme environment by physiological adjustment. Carbon isotope ratio (ẟ13C) in plants has been suggested as a sensitive long-term indicator of physiological acclimatization. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of precipitation change and increasing atmospheric N depositon on ẟ13C of H. ammodendron. Furthermore, Haloxylon ammodendron is a C4 plant, whether its ẟ13C can indicate water use-efficiency (WUE) has not been addressed. In the present study, we designed a field experiment with a completely randomized factorial combination of N and water, and measured ẟ13C, gas exchange and WUE of the assimilating branches of H. ammodendron. ẟ13C in H. ammodendron remained stable under N and water supply, while N addition, water addition and their interaction affected gas exchange and WUE in H. ammodendron. In addition, ẟ13C had no correlation with WUE. This result are associated with the irrelevance between ẟ13C and ci/ca, which might be caused by a special value (0.37) of the degree of bundle-sheath leakiness (φ) or a lower activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) of H. ammodendron. Thus, ẟ13C of H. ammodendron cannot be used for indicating its WUE.
Domestic water consumption pattern by urban households
Authors: Narmilan Amarasingam , Puvanitha Narmilan , Niroash Gnanachelvam , Sugirtharan Muthucumaran , Vasssanthini Ratnarajah
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Water has been recognized as one of the most significant natural resources and crucial for health and wealth. The increased demand for water has imposed pressure on the water supply system, which has led to environmental problems such as over-exploitation of water resources and breaks in the balance of the ecosystem. Determining the behavior of domestic water consumers can facilitate a more proactive approach to water demand management, and serves as the foundation for the development of any intervention strategies that seek to bring about sustained and substantial reductions in domestic water consumption. This study tried to investigate household water consumption patterns and management practices along with comparing the effectiveness of different water management measures on reducing the water deficit of the district. The primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey from 75 households belonging to the urban area in Batticaloa District in Manmunai Pattu, Sri Lanka. The data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings show that people with higher incomes in urban areas are using more water than people with lower incomes. The water usage depends on the living standards, family size, age, and education level of household members and the number of taps present in the household. It is believed that the results of the study would be beneficial for domestic water consumption in urban Batticaloa.
Evaluation of Thin Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membranes: Effect of Polyamide Preparation Conditions
Authors: Kadhom Aya Mohammed , Al-Furaiji Mustafa Huseein , Abudi Zaidun Naji
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The forward osmosis (FO) process has been considered for desalination as a competitor option to the traditional reverse osmosis process. Interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction between two monomers (i.e., m-phenylene diamine (MPD) and 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride (TMC)) is typically used to prepare the selective polyamide layer that prevents salts and allows water molecules to pass. In this research, we investigated the effect of preparation conditions (MPD contact time, TMC reaction time, and addition of an amine salt) on the FO performance in terms of water flux and salt flux. The results showed that increasing MPD contact time resulted in a significant increase in the water flux and salt flux. However, increasing TMC reaction time caused a decline in both the water flux and the salt flux. The optimum condition that gave the highest water flux was found to be as 5 min for MPD and 1 min for TMC. The addition of an amine salt of camphorsulfonic acid-triethylamine (CSA-TEA) was able to make an apparent effect on the FO process by increasing water flux.
Performance of Nile Tilapia and vegetables Grown in Different Aquaponic Volumes
Authors: Barbosa Phillipe Thiago Leite , Povh Jayme Aparecido , Silva André Luiz Do Nascimento , Ventura Arlene Sobrinho , Stringhetta Giovanna Rodrigues , Laice Laice Menes , De Oliveira Antonio Francisco , Carvalho Thainá Arruda de , Correa Filho Ruy Alberto Caetano
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Nile tilapia and the lettuce, watercress, and arugula vegetables in a gravel-bed aquaponic system using the aerated fish tank-to-vegetable growing bed volume ratios of 1:1 and 1:2. Each experimental unit consisted of an aquaponic module composed of two containers: one to allocate the vegetables (500-L tank with gravel, measuring 2 m2) and another to stock fish at the ratios of 1:1 (500-L vegetable:500-L fish tank) and 1:2 (500-L vegetable tank:1000-Lfish tank). The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with two treatments (500-L fish tank × 1000-L fish tank) and three blocks (periods). The performance of the Nile tilapia and of the vegetables did not differ significantly in response to the increasing fish tank volume, with the fish and the vegetables exhibiting good performance results in both volume ratios. In conclusion, in aquaponics, the fish tank-to-vegetable tank volume ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 are equally effective for the production of Nile tilapia and the lettuce, watercress and arugula vegetables.
Green Manure Intercropped with Okra for Spontaneous Plant Suppression
Authors: Santos Raimundo Nonato Viana , Santos Luciana Lins Oliveira , Macena Caio Vinícius Sales Pereira da , Marinho Denise Lima Cavalcante , Corrêa Maria José Pinheiro , Mesquita Mario Luiz Ribeiro , Silva Maria Rosangela Malheiros
Published: October 2020

Spontaneous plants are biological factors that compromise the yield of vegetables. The hypothesis is that green manure intercropped with okra suppress spontaneous plants and increase the production of this vegetable. The research aimed to evaluate the viability of green manure intercropped with okra to suppress spontaneous plants and increase vegetable productivity. The design was in randomized blocks with four replications and 10 treatments: cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp.], sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), velvet bean [Mucuna nivea (L.) DC.] and dwarf pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth] intercropping and monoculture with two controls without green manure. The green manure reduced the dry mass of spontaneous plants but did not increase the production of okra. The average values of the equivalent area index (EAI) in all intercropping were higher than one. Green manure is efficient in suppressing spontaneous plants, but to increase the productivity of the okra, adjustments must be made in the green manure-okra intercropping.
Polar response particles in French as remnants of ellipsis
Authors: Pasquereau Jérémy
Published: October 2020

Polar response particles have been at the center of lively debates in the recent and not so recent literature. One of these debates concerns the syntax of these particles, in particular whether they are pure sentential proforms or involve ellipsis. This paper examines the syntax of the French polar response particles oui, non, and si in embedded contexts. On the basis of these particles’ sensitivity to finiteness, obviation, and antilogophoricity in embedded clauses, it argues that they are better analyzed as remnants of ellipsis.
O impacto da informação existente no SIGADAER na gestão do conhecimento
Authors: Martins João Batista
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O objetivo desta pesquisa científica focou na identificação da influência da informação existente no SIGADAER (Sistema Informatizado de Gestão Arquivística de Documentos da Aeronáutica) na geração de conhecimento em uma Organização Militar (OM) estratégica da Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB). O sistema foi implantado na Organização em agosto de 2010, sendo utilizado como o padrão na tramitação de documentos informatizados na Instituição. Método: Quanto à metodologia, essa pesquisa classifica-se como descritiva, pois descreve o comportamento dos usuários no que tange à utilização da informação e sua consequente geração de conhecimento. Utilizou-se, como instrumento de coleta de dados, um questionário dividido em dois Grupos: I – Critérios de escolha do usuário e II – Geração de conhecimento. A amostra foi constituída por quarenta oficiais superiores. A quantidade de respondentes resultou em vinte e nove militares, ou seja, 72,5% da amostra. Após a coleta de dados, realizou-se a análise fundamentada no referencial teórico da pesquisa científica: Modelo do valor agregado da informação e Espiral do conhecimento. Resultados: Foram agrupados de acordo com a escala de Likert com 5 itens, divididos em três grupos: percepção positiva (concordo totalmente e concordo parcialmente), percepção negativa (discordo totalmente e discordo parcialmente) e percepção neutra (não concordo e nem discordo). Os resultados sinalizaram que a informação existente no sistema possui valor agregado e que pode ser utilizada como matéria-prima na geração de conhecimento explícito e tácito da Organização, auxiliando na tomada de decisão. Conclusão: A pesquisa reforça o aspecto estratégico do compartilhamento de conhecimento corporativo.
Preliminary field observations of the Chilean earthquake of 3 March 1985
Authors: Dowrick David J.
Published: October 2020

This paper is an initial appraisal of the effects of the M = 7.8 earthquake centred near San Antonio, Chile, which occurred on 3 March 1985. The author arrived in Chile six days after the main shock and spent a week investigating as many aspects as possible. The earthquake caused heavy damage to a large area including the major cities of San Antonio, Valparaiso and Santiago, and resulted in 700,000 people being made homeless.

Damage to engineered structures appeared to be less than might be expected for an earthquake of this magnitude, but non-structural damage was heavy. Eight or nine accelerographs recorded the shaking in different parts of the more heavily affected area and should help enrich the findings of the numerous valuable post-earthquake studies which will be possible.
Information loss resulting from statistical disclosure control of output data
Authors: Młodak Andrzej
Published: October 2020

The most important methods of assessing information loss caused by statistical disclosure control (SDC) are presented in the paper. The aim of SDC is to protect an individual against identification or obtaining any sensitive information relating to them by anyone unauthorised. The application of methods based either on the concealment of specific data or on their perturbation results in information loss, which affects the quality of output data, including the distributions of variables, the forms of relationships between them, or any estimations. The aim of this paper is to perform a critical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the particular types of methods of assessing information loss resulting from SDC. Moreover, some novel ideas on how to obtain effective and well-interpretable measures are proposed, including an innovative way of using a cyclometric function (arcus tangent) to determine the deviation of values from the original ones, as a result of SDC. Additionally, the inverse correlation matrix was applied in order to assess the influence of SDC on the strength of relationships between variables. The first presented method allows obtaining effective and well- -interpretable measures, while the other makes it possible to fully use the potential of the mutual relationships between variables (including the ones difficult to detect by means of classical statistical methods) for a better analysis of the consequences of SDC.
Among other findings, the empirical verification of the utility of the suggested methods confirmed the superiority of the cyclometric function in measuring the distance between the curved deviations and the original data, and also heighlighted the need for a skilful correction of its flattening when large value arguments occur.
THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE KAIZEN COSTING IN PRODUCTION COMPANY. CASE STUDY
Authors: Michalski Dariusz
Published: October 2020

The objective of the paper is to analyze the initial stage of the application of the kaizen costing techniques in the production company and to evaluate the results of kaizen costing implementation in FMCG company. The author’s main aspiration is to present the benefits of using the kaizen and kaizen costing as low cost concepts to systematic reduction of the unnecessary costs in the company. In order to achieve these goals, author examined examples of kaizens in the enterprise and the way of settlement of their economic results.
Universal aesthetic criteria in architecture
Authors: Bembel Irina O.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the search for a universal art criticism method against the background of a crisis in methodology. To this end, the author examines the most important trends of modern architecture through the prism of traditional aesthetic criteria. In the course of this analysis, she presents the specificity of the two “superstyles” (suggested by S. Khan-Magomedov) – classics and modernism. The author extends the meaning of classics and modernism onto the meaning of “traditional architecture” and “modern architecture,” which are considered as projections of two philosophical paradigms: tradition and modernity.
Weapon Target Assignment
Authors: Babul Hasan Mohammad , Barua Yaindrila
Published: October 2020

This chapter is mainly based on an important sector of operation research-weapon’s assignment (WTA) problem which is a well-known application of optimization techniques. While we discuss about WTA, we need some common terms to be discussed first. In this section, we first introduce WTA problem and then we present some prerequisites such as optimization model, its classification, LP, NLP, SP and their classifications, and applications of SP. We also discuss some relevant software tools we use to optimize the problems. The weapon target assignment problem (WTA) is a class of combinatorial optimization problems present in the fields of optimization and operations research. It consists of finding an optimal assignment of a set of weapons of various types to a set of targets in order to maximize the total expected damage done to the opponent. The WTA problem can be formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem and is known to be NP-complete. There are constraints on weapons available of various types and on the minimum number of weapons by type to be assigned to various targets. The constraints are linear, and the objective function is nonlinear. The objective function is formulated in terms of probability of damage of various targets weighted by their military value.
Random Mutagenesis of Filamentous Fungi Strains for High-Yield Production of Secondary Metabolites: The Role of Polyamines
Authors: A. Zhgun Alexander
Published: October 2020

A filamentous fungus (also called molds or moldy fungus) is a taxonomically diverse organism from phylum Zygomycota and Ascomycota with filamentous hyphae and has the ability to produce airborne spores or conidia. Currently, more than 70,000 molds are known, and some of them contain unique and unusual biochemical pathways. A number of products from such pathways, especially, the secondary metabolite (SM) pathways are used as important pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, statins, and immunodepresants. Under different conditions, the individual species can produce more than 100 SM. The strain improvement programs lead to high yielding in target SM and significant reduction of spin-off products. The main tool for the strain improvement of filamentous fungi is random mutagenesis and screening. The majority of industrial overproducing SM strains were developed with the help of such technique over the past 50–70 years; the yield of the target SM increased by 100- to 1000-fold or more. Moreover, most of the strains have reached their technological limit of improvement. A new round of mutagenesis has not increased overproduction. Recently, it was shown that that the addition of exogenous polyamines may increase the production of such improved strains of filamentous fungi. The possible molecular mechanism of this phenomenon and its biotechnological applications are discussed.
Machining of Al-Cu and Al-Zn Alloys for Aeronautical Components
Authors: Salguero Jorge , Del Sol Irene , Gomez-Parra Alvaro , Batista Moises
Published: October 2020

Machining operations are chosen by aircraft manufacturers worldwide to process light aluminum alloys. This type of materials presents good characteristics in terms of weight and physicochemical properties, which combined with a low cost ratio making them irreplaceable in aircraft elements with a high structural commitment. Conventional machining processes such as drilling, milling and turning are widely used for aeronautical parts manufacturing. High quality requirements are usually demanded for these kinds of components but aluminum alloys may present some machinability issues, basically associated to the heat generated during the process. Among others, surface quality and geometrical deviations are highly influenced by the condition of the cutting-tool, its wear and the cutting parameters. Consequently, the understanding of the relationship among the process parameters, the quality features and the main wear mechanism is a key factor for the improvement in the productivity. In this chapter, the fundamental issues of drilling, milling and turning are addressed, dealing with the relationship between cutting parameters, wear phenomena and micro and macro geometrical deviations.
Statistical Analysis of the Precipitation Isotope Data with Reference to the Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Chakraborty Supriyo , Birmal Siddharth , Kumar Deb Burman Pramit , Datye Amey , A.A. Fousiya , G.H. Aravind , Mohan PM. , Trivedi Neha , K. Trivedi Rajendra
Published: October 2020

The isotopic analysis of precipitation provides useful information on a variety of hydrological and atmospheric processes. The dynamical characteristics of precipitation isotopes have been well investigated, but a systematic study of their statistical behavior seems to be lacking. We have performed the statistical analysis, basically the distribution characteristics of precipitation isotopes vis-a-vis rainfall data for specific regions. The probability distribution functions of precipitation isotopes have been calculated from local to global scales. It has been observed that the isotopic values, in general, followed a pattern that is similar to the normal distribution, though the rainfall distribution patterns are very different. Under certain circumstances, the isotopic distribution patterns closely resemble the normal distribution, implying a well-constrained moisture source contributing to precipitation. The distribution patterns of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes on continental and global scales show similar behavior. It was observed that the distribution patterns of primary isotopic variables (δ18O and δD) are not very sensitive to the outliers. On the contrary, the secondary parameter, d-excess, is very sensitive to outliers, which offers an effective means to quality control of the precipitation isotopic values.
COVID-19: A Learning Opportunity to Improve Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Abdul Rehman Khan Syed , Razzak Janjua Laeeq , Yu Zhang
Published: October 2020

In just a few months, COVID-19 transformed from a dangerous regional health threat into a widespread global pandemic and economic disaster. Thus the world is expecting a great recession once again. The rapid spread of COVID-19 has had far-reaching consequences for people’s daily lives in almost all parts of the world. Climate change and biodiversity depletion have now reached global boundaries; thus, human activity has surpassed Earth’s capacities. Earth capacities can be explained in terms of extreme climate change. This chapter is intended to investigate the link between the outbreak of Covid-19 and its effect on environmental and society. The discussion reveals that environmental pollution is minimized as a result of global lockdown. Furthermore, our review also shows that in terms of environment, Covid-19 provide an opportunity to transform our polluted economy toward the green economy through adoption of renewable energy sources and green practices in our businesses.
Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Prosthetic and Orthotic Rehabilitation
Authors: Nayak Smita , Kumar Das Rajesh
Published: October 2020

Technological integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning in the Prosthetic and Orthotic industry and in the field of assistive technology has become boon for the Persons with Disabilities. The concept of neural network has been used by the leading manufacturers of rehabilitation aids for simulating various anatomical and biomechanical functions of the lost parts of the human body. The involvement of human interaction with various agents’ i.e. electronic circuitry, software, robotics, etc. has made a revolutionary impact in the rehabilitation field to develop devices like Bionic leg, mind or thought control prosthesis and exoskeletons. Application of Artificial Intelligence and robotics technology has a huge impact in achieving independent mobility and enhances the quality of life in Persons with Disabilities (PwDs).
Novel Two-Dimensional Siloxene Material for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Sensor Applications
Authors: Ramachandran Rajendran , Xu Zong-Xiang , Wang Fei
Published: October 2020

After discovering graphene, the two-dimensional materials have gained considerable interest in the electrochemical applications, especially in energy conversion, storage, and bio-sensors. Siloxene, a novel two-dimensional low-buckled structure of Si networks with unique properties, has received the researcher’s attention for a wide range of applications. Though the electronic and optical properties of siloxene have been explored in detail previously, there is a lack of electrochemistry studies of siloxene as the result of material degradation, and the investigation is still open-ended to enhance the electrochemical application. Recently, siloxene has been used for supercapacitor, lithium-ion batteries, and dopamine bio-marker detections. This chapter highlights the recent development of siloxene synthesis and its electrochemical properties in energy and sensor applications. The plannar Si structure with Si6 rings interconnected with different oxygen, hydroxyl functional groups, and large interlayer spacing of siloxene sheets can promote the active sites for enhanced electrochemical performance. This chapter provides the current state-of-the-art in the field and a perspective for future development in the electrochemistry field of siloxene.