bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
23.2: Optical Performance Analysis Method of Auto‐stereoscopic 3D Displays
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Lee Jongseo , Kim Soolin , Han Jungsuk , Jun Taejong , Shin Sungtae
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we investigated performance analysis methods of auto‐stereoscopic 3D displays in an optical point of view. This paper provides optical measurement and analysis methods for auto‐stereoscopic displays. Issues discussed include: (1) optimum viewing distance; (2) luminance & contrast ratio; (3) color performance; (4) 3D point crosstalk; (5) spatial crosstalk; (6) ortho‐stereoscopy angle/pseudo‐stereoscopy angle; (7) luminance difference ratio.
4.3: An Ultraslim Border TFTLCD Technology Using Gate Fanout in Active Area
Authors: Tu Yen‐Cheng , Chen Bo‐feng , Peng Jen‐Chien , Wu Yung‐Hsun , Yang Chiulien
Published: October 2010

We proposed an ultraslim border of TFTLCD using Gate fan out In Active area GIA technology. This method can achieve slim border without using aSi Gate driver ASG [1][2]. The experimental results show that GIA technology does not affect the quality of display. The optical and electrical properties are also discussed in this paper. A 2.22” QVGA ultraslim border 0.8mm panel by using GIA technology was demonstrated as well.
24.1: A Vertical Common Electrodes Structure for High Aperture Ratio and Stable IPS Mode TFT‐LCD
Authors: Oh Jae Young , Shin Dong Su , Lee Jae Kyun , Yang Joon‐Young , Yang Myung‐Soo , Hwang Yong‐Ki , Chung In‐Jae
Published: October 2010

We developed In‐Plane‐Switching (IPS) mode structure with vertically aligned common electrodes for amorphous silicon (a‐Si) thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD). We could improve an aperture ratio of the panel with this new structure by the elimination of storage area and compact design. The new vertical structure showed stabilized voltage ripple, DC charge and flicker variation by RC delay reduction and direct voltage driving from every driver IC. The panel was fabricated with the conventional a‐Si TFT process. We focused on making a new structure to get better quality of image compared to previous IPS mode TFT‐LCD.
24.2: The IPS‐Mode Panel for High‐Speed Driving
Authors: Tak Young‐Mi , Park Sun‐Ik , Shin Do‐Sung , Kim Chi‐Young , Yang Jae‐Hun , Yoo Sung‐Su , Kim Dae‐Hun , Kim Jeom‐Jae , Oh Chang‐Ho , Hwang Yong‐Kee
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we describe the design properties of IPS‐Mode Panel for High‐Speed Driving and propose the evaluation result of 240Hz‐driven panel.
25.2: Invited Paper: Concepts for Highly Efficient White OLEDs
Authors: Reineke Sebastian , Rosenow Thomas C. , Schwartz G. , Lüssem Björn , Leo Karl
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we discuss in detail a novel concept for white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) comprising three different phosphorescent emitters. Its key feature, a matrix‐emitter combination for the blue sub‐emission layer combined with a specific arrangement of the green‐ and red‐emitting layers, leads to very high luminous efficacies. We present the key parameters of this emission layer design that are essential for high efficiencies. Finally, we briefly discuss a second, highly efficient approach for white OLEDs: the triplet harvesting concept. It makes use of a fluorescent blue emitter having benefits for higher device stability and at the same time the potential for 100% internal quantum efficiency.
4.4L: LateNews Paper: A Novel High Reliable Integrated Gate Driver with BiScanning Structure using aSi TFT for Large Size FHD TFTLCD TVs
Authors: Shin HongJae , Park ByungHyun , Son MiYoung , Kim ByungHoon , Kim YongHo , Lee ChungAh , Youn WonGyun , Kim JeomJae , Oh ChangHo , Kang InByeong , Hwang Yong‐Kee
Published: October 2010

A novel integrated gate driver with biscanning structure using a Si TFT for large size FHD TFTLCD TV has been developed. The proposed gate driver has biscan control circuit which enables reverse scanning operation and TFT stress reduction circuit which enhances gate driver reliability for TV application. Two channel shared node structure also reduce the area of the circuit without performance degradation, while the life time of the integrated gate driver is estimated to 100,000 hours. Thus we successfully developed 47 inch FHD 120Hz TFTLCD panel with this integrated gate driver circuit using aSi TFT.
26.2: A Single‐Inductor Multi‐Output Converter with Multi‐Vector Current Control in Power‐saving Driving Skill of Electronic Paper Displays (EPDs)
Authors: Huang Ming‐Hsin , Lee Yu‐Huei , Tsai Yu‐Nong , Fan Ming‐Yan , Chen Ke‐Horng
Published: October 2010

Electronic paper display (EPD) shows the trend of state‐of‐the‐art display technique. It not only holds image/text without consuming energy but also presents thin and flexibility like ordinary paper. Single‐inductor multi‐output (SIMO) converter, with innovative multi‐vector current‐control methodology, precisely tracks and quantifies the actual demanded‐energy and addresses excessive‐energy for power‐efficient and space‐minimized requirements of EPDs. The testing chip occupies 0.45 mm2in 0.25 μm CMOS technology and achieves the power conversion efficiency larger than 85 % at the order of 0.5 m W output power.
26.3: High Integration and Functionality Controller for Active Matrix Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Chi‐Ming Lu , Hung‐Hsiang Chen , Jhen‐Shen Liao , Ming‐Chi Weng , Yi‐Nan Chu , Wen‐Tse Tseng , Hong‐Tien Yu
Published: October 2010

A high integration and functionality controller IC for Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays (AMEPDs) has been developed. The new controller architecture is the single‐chip of the AMEPD back‐end system which makes lower total system hardware cost and complexity, better ability of lower power states, high flexibility in panel resolution, signal timing and DC/AC Vcom operating mode used for microencapsulated and micro‐cup electrophoretic display. The new controller IC has significantly expanded system integration and functionality features. It is suitable for the display controller IC of commercial AMEPD back‐end system. The implementation of the new controller IC is examined in use with 6″ and 8″ AMEPD panels produced by Chunghwa Picture Tubes, LTD. (CPT). Furthermore, the resolution of the 6″ and 8″ AMEPD panels can achieve 800 × 600 (167dpi) and 1024 ×768 (160dpi). Depending on our single‐chip AMEPD back‐end system, the testing results of our AMEPD panel performance can reach 48% reflectivity, 16 gray level and 8:1 contrast ratio.
26.4: Invited Paper: ID Document Technologies with Bendable AMOLED Displays
Authors: Fischer Joerg , Tietke Markus , Fritze Frank , Muth Oliver , Paeschke Manfred , Han DongWon , Kwack JinHo , Kim TaeJin , Lee JongHyuk , Kim SungChul , Chung HoKyoon
Published: October 2010

The development of highly secure ID systems requires ongoing technical and economic innovation. Document fraud poses a huge security risk, not only for individual users but also for society at large [1]. In this paper, we describe a revolutionary product concept for new ID systems with novel functionality and applications. We present the world's first ePassport with a thin, bendable active matrix light emitting diode (AMOLED) display without an internal battery.
27.1: Invited Paper: New Results in Field‐Sequential Analog FLCDs Fabricated by Ink‐Jet Printing
Authors: Okabe Masato , Sawatari Naoko , Ishikawa Makoto , Harada Ryo , Sasou Naoki
Published: October 2010

We have proposed alignment method and inkjet manufacturing process to fabricate analogue switching FLCDs. In this paper we will introduce panel structure and novel polymer material to improve image quality and stabilization of alignment.
27.2: Fast Photo‐Aligned V‐shape Ferroelectric LCD Based on DHF Mode
Authors: Pozhidaev Evgeny , Chigrinov Vladimir
Published: October 2010

Non‐sensitive to the driving voltage polarity and hysteretic free V‐ shaped electro‐optical response exhibiting characteristic switching on and switching off times τ0.1–0.9on ≅ τ0.1–0.9off ≅ 100μμs at the driving voltage amplitude less than 10V can be achieved in Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (DHF) mode. The application of this mode for new active‐matrix LCD with Field Sequential Colors (FSC) is envisaged.
27.3: Horizontal Chevron Defect Free Half‐V Mode Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Devices Based on Asymmetrical Hybrid Alignment Techniques
Authors: Lin Chi‐Wen , Hsu Chih‐I , Liao Chia‐Huang , Chen Huang‐Ming Philip
Published: October 2010

Base on FLC free energy, the asymmetrical alignment techniques were proposed to suppress the alignment defects of half‐V mode ferroelectric liquid crystal (HV‐FLC) devices. Alignment layers with opposite surface polarities and different anchoring energies were applied to controlled the sign and value of polar surface coefficient (γ2), respectively. The asymmetrical cells of PIrub‐ PIplasma (rubbed polyimide (PI) and plasma treated PI surfaces), PVArub‐PIplasma (rubbed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and plasma treated PI surfaces), and PVArub‐PIrub (both rubbed PI and PVA) alignment conditions present mono‐domain alignment textures under slow cooling process. Among these alignment pairs, the PVArub‐PIrub), treated cell, with larger difference in γ2 values, appeared to have better alignment. A 2.4″ prototype TFT‐LCD was presented by PVArub‐PIrub treated surfaces.
27.4L: Late‐News Paper: A New Mode LCD with Intrinsic Continuous Grayscale Memory Using Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Polymer
Authors: Sato Osamu , Cho Dong‐Uk , Adachi Isao , Hiraki Katsuyoshi , Okoshi Kento , Tokita Masatoshi , Watanabe Junji
Published: October 2010

A new mode LCD has been developed by rubbing methods with a ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymer (FLCP). It has good balanced characteristics such as a fast response time of less than 1 ms, a high contrast ratio at the same level as in‐plane switching (IPS) mode, bi‐stability, continuous grayscale, and high durability against external shock. In addition, it displays intrinsic continuous grayscale memory. This new mode LCD has significant potential as a substitute for IPS or vertically aligned (VA) mode LCDs, and also as an electronic paper by which video content can be displayed.
28.1: Invited Paper: Novel, Bright, Inorganic Electroluminescent Flexible Displays Comprising Ink Jet Printed Silver Back Electrodes
Authors: Withnall Robert , Harris Paul , Silver Jack , Jones Steve
Published: October 2010

Bright, flexible, paper substrate based electroluminescent displays have been realized using a combination of ink‐jet and screen printing. The segmented back electrodes were obtained by ink jet printing inks containing nanometer sized silver particles under computer control, thereby facilitating the fast fabrication of a wide range of highly detailed displays.
28.3: ZnO Based n‐n Isotope Heterojunction Light Emitting Diodes by Low Cost Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Zhao Junliang , Sun Xiaowei
Published: October 2010

ZnO/Si and ZnO/GaAs based n‐n isotope heterojunction light emitting diodes (LEDs) are reported. Undoped ZnO thin films were deposited on n+‐Si and n+‐GaAs wafers by a low cost ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. The as‐grown ZnO thin films show polycrystalline structure with good photoluminescence properties. Both ZnO/n+‐Si and ZnO/n+ ‐GaAs LEDs show distinct visible electroluminescence at room temperature when a negative voltage is applied on the ZnO side. The electroluminescence intensity of the ZnO/n+‐Si(GaAs) heterojunction is higher than the ZnO/p+‐Si(GaAs)heterojunction.
28.4: Characterization of Negative Electron Affinity for MgO Film by Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Choi Il‐Shin , Kim Yong‐Jun , Heo Eun‐Gi
Published: October 2010

Many attempts to investigate electronic band structures of various metal oxides such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium oxide (CaO) have been made for a long time, but exact electronic band structures of metal oxides have not been achieved successfully so far due to surface charging during measurement analysis except for ultrathin film. In this study, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) is introduced and electronic band structure for MgO film has been obtained by using a unique way of heating the film, which suppresses the surface charging of MgO film through improvement of electrical conductivity during measurement. Negative electron affinity has been characterized for MgO film in the measured UPS spectrum. The characteristics of negative electron affinity can be understood as originating from image‐potential states on MgO surface.
29.1: Power Saving Design of WLED Backlit LCDs by the Use of Unequal‐Area RGB Color Filters
Authors: Wen Senfar
Published: October 2010

The primary luminance of an LCD can be completely utilized by the use of unequal‐area RGB color filters without the sacrifice for meeting white point condition. Results show that 26.4% and 6.8% electrical powers can be saved for the LCDs backlited with cool white and neutral white LEDs, respectively, using this method.
29.2: Power‐Saving: A New Advantage of Multi‐Primary Color Displays Derived by Numerical Analysis
Authors: Yoshiyama Kazuyoshi , Teragawa Masatsugu , Yoshida Akiko , Tomizawa Kazunari , Nakamura Kohzoh , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Yoichi , Ohta Noboru
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we present the advantages of Multi‐Primary Color (MPC) display devices compared to the conventional display devices with three (red, green, and blue) primary colors. Not only do we review the well‐known advantages such as wide color gamut and wide viewing angles but also introduce the examples of numerical computation for the purposes of the luminance reproduction. According to the results, we also estimate the potentials of power‐saving for RGB, RGB + Yellow, and RGB + White systems. It is shown that MPC systems are much superior to RGB‐based systems in terms of power‐saving. Not only does RGB + Yellow system widens color gamut but also reduces power consumption by 20% with respect to RGB‐based systems.
30.2: Autostereoscopic 2‐D/3‐D Display Using a Liquid Crystal Lens
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Chi , Tu Jei‐Feng , Gong Chao‐Cyun , Chang Che‐Wei
Published: October 2010

This work achieves switching between autostereoscopic 2‐View 3‐ D and 2‐D display on a 2.4‐inch (240×320 pixels) LCD panel using a novel LC lens cell with a 9μm cell gap and ±10 volt driving voltage. Measurement results for angular luminance and 3‐D crosstalk verify the performance of this LC lens for autostereoscopic 2‐D/3‐D display.
5.2: Probing Chemical Instability of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Operating OLEDs
Authors: Kondakov Denis Y. , Brown Christopher T. , Pawlik Thomas D.
Published: October 2010

We show that representative hydrocarbon materials fully aromatic derivatives of anthracene and tetracene undergo significant chemical transformation in operating OLEDs and model structures. The electronic excitation appears to initiate dehydrogenation reactions, foliowed by hydrogen transfer to neighboring molecules and sub sequent formation of performance damaging species—nonradiative recombination centers and luminescence quenchers.
30.4: 2D/3D Hybrid System for Digital Signage Application
Authors: Ding Chih‐Hong , Hsu Ching‐Yi , Lin Hung‐En , Huang Yi‐Pai , Wu Fung‐Hsu , Chen Chen‐You , Hsu Hsin‐Han
Published: October 2010

A 2D/3D hybrid system was proposed for digital signage application. for 2D part, a front projector was utilized to project high resolution information. for 3D part, a wide viewing auto‐ stereoscopic LCD was inserted in the central of the screen to display an attractive 3D image. Additionally, the 3D display had a transflective mirror in front of the LCD panel to reflect the surrounding images, thus can increase 3D depth impression.
31.3: A System LCD with Integrated 3‐Dimensional Input Device
Authors: Brown Chris , Montgomery David , Castagner Jean‐Luc , Kato Hiromi , Kanbayashi Yuuichi
Published: October 2010

We present a System LCD with novel 3‐dimensional input device for use in next generation mobile products. The 3D input function is formed by a directional image sensor integrated onto the display TFT substrate and is used to detect the location of multiple objects above or on the display surface. In order to prove the concept of this novel technology, a 2.6“VGA System LCD incorporating the 3D input function was fabricated and tested. Measurement results confirm operation of the system and accurate detection of objects up to 20mm from the display surface.
31.4: Invited Paper: Specifying and Characterizing Tactile Performance for Multi‐Touch Panels: Toward a User‐Centric Metrology
Authors: Largillier Guillaume , Joguet Pascal , Recoquillon Cyril , Auriel Pascal , Bailey Axel , Meador Jim , Olivier Julien , Chastan Gauthier
Published: October 2010

Whereas Visual Human Factor studies provide abundant literature to characterize display modules, building a specification for touch sensitive systems — and more specifically for multi‐touch capable ones — remains substantially empirical. Existing metrology gives useful data with regards to the mechanical and optical performances of touch panels. However, it fails to measure what matters most to the user: tactile performance. with fast‐growing market demand for multi‐touch panels, the need arises for a user‐centric metrology to objectively evaluate the usability of available solutions.
32.1: Invited Paper: Plexcore®OC for HIL Applications in OLED Lighting and Display
Authors: Brown Christopher T. , Seshadri Venkataramanan , Mathai Mathew , Woodworth Brian , Laird Darin
Published: October 2010

Plexcore® OC, an aqueous hole injection layer (HIL), is a tunable ink platform that offers a wide range of work functions (−5.3 to − 5.7 eV by AC2) and resistivities (100 to >10,000 Ohm‐cm) to extend device lifetime and performance with various emitter technologies. Other properties include low acid content, excellent transparency in the visible spectrum (>90%), tunable viscosity (6–30 cP) for various coating applications and low surface roughness (Rq < 10 nm) to minimize defects. Plexcore® OC is demonstrated to provide improved stability to de‐doping phenomena, even at fields of 60 kV/cm. Additionally, the relative voltage stability using Plexcore® OC in a typical POLED has been demonstrated to be less than 0.5V over the life of the device.
32.3: Advanced Materials for Printed OLED Displays
Authors: Herron Norman , Gao Weiying
Published: October 2010

This paper outlines the device and materials analyses which have led to DuPont's Gen3 solution‐based OLED material set. A combination of architectural optimization and chemical design based on electronic analyses and calculations for these materials leads to dramatic performance gains for printable devices. High‐ efficiency deep red (0.68,0.32) devices deliver >200,000hr (1000nits) at >14cd/A while green materials demonstrate record lifetime >1,000,000hr, or high efficiency (>68cd/A) in solution‐ processed test‐coupons. Deep blue, orange, and yellow emissive systems (the latter pair being useful for lighting applications) likewise exhibit world‐class performance. Furthermore, use of these materials in nozzle‐printed test coupons has verified that the outstanding performance can be maintained under actual print conditions. These proprietary materials now match or exceed the device performance of today's vapor‐deposited equivalents, while enabling lower‐cost printed displays and solution coated lighting applications.
33.1: QUE: An e‐Reader Built Using Flexible Display Technology
Authors: Burns Seamus
Published: October 2010

Plastic Logic has launched an e‐reader designed with the business traveler in mind. This product, known as the QUEproReader, has a flexible e‐paper active matrix display built using organic semiconductors. The device is constructed so as to exploit the plastic display properties and optimize thickness, ruggedness and weight. This is the 1st commercially available e‐reader product to use a flexible plastic display.
34.4: A Single Cell Gap Transflective LCD with Dual Common Electrodes and Coupling Capacitance
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Hsiang Jui‐Chieh , Wu Yung‐Hsun , Yang Chiu‐Lien
Published: October 2010

A single cell gap transflective LCD was developed, using dual common electrodes and a coupling capacitance between the transmissive and the reflective electrodes to obtain a single gamma curve between the reflective and transmissive regions.
35.1: Invited Paper: Very Sensitive Measurement Method of Plasma‐Display Exoemission
Authors: Weber Larry F. , Yan Qun (Frank)
Published: October 2010

The very low exoemission currents are easily measured using an ultra high impedance amplifier which detects the integrated exoemission charge collected by a capacitance. The large discharge and displacement currents initiated by the changing sustain waveform, which could overload and saturate the sensitive amplifier, are shorted by a very low impedance switch.
5.4: Distinguished Paper: OLEDs Integrated with Internal Scattering Structure for Enhancing Optical Outcoupling
Authors: Chang Hong‐Wei , Tien Kun‐Cheng , Hsu Min‐Hung , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Wu* Chung‐Chih
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we report that by inserting a nanoparticle diffuser film by spincoating between the OLED and the glass substrate as the scattering structure. The external quantum efficiency and the cd/A efficiency of conventional bottom emitting OLEDs can be significantly improved 1.96×for quantum efficiency and 2.04× for cd/A efficiency. The fabrication of nanoparticle diffuser film is simple and attractive for OLED application and mass production.
37.1: Invited Paper: 3D Technology Development and Human Factor
Authors: Chen Chao‐Yuan , Chen Yu‐Chieh , Dai Chin‐Hsuan , Yeh Pei‐Chuan , Chiu Chih‐Ho , Su Jenn‐Jia , Chen Te‐Sheng , Norio Sugiura , Liau Wei‐Lung , Lien Alan
Published: October 2010

With the technology of display getting mature, the desire of the stereo vision on display is in great demand. Many vivid 3D display technologies can be found in different application market, including shutter glasses, pattern retarder, lens‐type… etc. However, there is no perfect 3D display technology so far. Besides, there is still room for the content to improve and need to be studied how to fit in related 3D display technologies. The key to link the software (3D content) and hardware (display) is human factor. In this talk, we share the 3D technology development experience and some human factors study, which will show the importance of the content flexibility.
37.3: The Impact of Barrel Distortion on Perception of Stereoscopic Scenes
Authors: Pockett Lachlan , Salmimaa Marja , Pölönen Monika , Häkkinen Jukka
Published: October 2010

Barrel distortion introduces horizontal and vertical disparities into stereoscopic content that can impact the perceived depth and cause eye strain. A series of experiments were run by artificially introducing a range of distortions into both eyes, and only one eye of undistorted stereoscopic content in order to evaluate the effect of warping of perceived depth space, and ascertain the minimum level of distortion that will cause image degradation.
37.4: Accommodation Response in Viewing Integral Imaging
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Jung Jae‐Hyun , Hong Keehoon , Park Gilbae , Lee Byoungho
Published: October 2010

Visual discomfort has been the subject of considerable research in relation to stereoscopic and autostereoscopic displays. In this paper, the measurement of accommodation response in viewing integral imaging has been performed. Integral imaging is the three‐dimensional display technology proposed by Lippmann which shows full parallax images and does not need any additional equipment. Recently the integral imaging system was rapidly improved thanks to the progress of flat panel displays such as liquid crystal display, however so far, no definitive answer has been given to the visual fatigue related with viewing integral imaging system. The measurement results indicate that the accommodation response was in proportion to the perceived depth in integral imaging just as when the observer views real objects. The accommodation response is concluded not to be fixed on the display panel, but to follow similar response as if the physical objects exist on each depth.
38.1: Invited Paper: What Multi‐Touch is All About…
Authors: Han Jefferson Y.
Published: October 2010

There is an enormous amount of effort and energy being expended by members of this community into the development of displays enhanced with some sort of multi‐touch sensing capability. However, while the engineering challenges being overcome are exciting and contributive, we should be constantly reminded of what any of this capability is for‐ simply, to serve the user. This short paper provides a post‐mortem analysis of an actual multi‐ touch application deployed in a mission‐critical environment, and offers insight into the design decisions and parameters that were significant to its success.

This short paper provides a post‐mortem analysis of an actual multi‐touch application deployed in a mission‐critical environment, and offers insight into the design decisions and parameters that were significant to its success.
38.2: Direct Display Interaction via Simultaneous Pen + Multi‐touch Input
Authors: Hinckley Ken , Pahud Michel , Buxton Bill
Published: October 2010

Current developments hint at a rapidly approaching future where simultaneous pen + multi‐touch input becomes the gold standard for direct interaction on displays. We are motivated by a desire to extend pen and multi‐touch input modalities, including their use in concert, to enable users to take better advantage of each.
38.3: The Structure and Driving Method of Multi‐Touch Resistive Touch Panel
Authors: Wang Wen‐Chun , Chang Ting‐Yu , Su Kuo‐Chang , Hsu Ching‐Fu , Lai Chih‐Chang
Published: October 2010

A highly innovative MT‐RTP (Multi‐Touch Resistive Touch Panel) has been developed. Comparing to the conventional 4‐wired RTP (Resistive Touch Panel), it performs not only high resolution single touch via stylus writing but also multi touch function. In contrast to the projected capacitive touch panel, MT‐RTP is superior to in price and stylus writing capability.
39.3: Material and Device Structure Design of Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs for High Efficiency and Enhanced Stability
Authors: Sotoyama Wataru , Satoh Tasuku , Kinoshita Masaru , Tobise Manabu , Kawato Kouji , Ise Toshihiro , Takizawa Hiroo , Yamashita Seiji
Published: October 2010

We developed stable and efficient blue phosphorescent materials for OLEDs on the basis of the evaluation of their stability under UV irradiation. Structures of OLEDs with the above‐stated materials were improved with the aid of a method to estimate the site distribution of exciton formation in the emissive layer by doping a small amount of fluorophore in it with varied position. The improved blue phosphorescent OLED exhibited high external quantum efficiency (7.9%) with a half life of 10,000 h on a practical luminance (360 cd/m2).
40.1: Invited Paper: Dyed Polymeric Microparticles for Colour Rendering in Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Goulding Mark , Farrand Louise , Smith Ashley , Greinert Nils , Wilson Henry , Topping Claire , Kemp Roger , Markham Emily , James Mark , Canisius Johannes , Walker Dan , Vidal Richard , Khoukh Sihame , Lee Seung‐Eun , Lee Hee‐Kyu
Published: October 2010

Realising bright and vivid full colour performance in electrophoretic displays presents a significant challenge to display architects and material designers. A range of dyed polymeric microparticles with tunable size, charge and colour have been developed. When formulated as colloidal dispersions in low dielectric constant media, the particles are electrophoretically active and are suitable for use in full colour or monochrome electrophoretic displays.
40.3: 4.8 inch QVGA Color Reflective AM‐PDLCD Driven by Printed OFETs
Authors: Kim Joo‐Young , Song Byonggwon , Kim Do Hwan , Yoo Byung Wook , Lee Jiyoul , Yi Yunjeong , Kwon Hyuk‐Jun , Jung Myoung Hoon , Jang Jaeeun , Jung Jaeeun , Lee Bang‐Lin , Park Jeong‐il , Koo Bonwon , Jin Yong Wan , Lee Sang‐Yoon , Kim Jungwoo
Published: October 2010

We have developed polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal display (PDLCD) driven by ink‐jet printed OFET. Novel pixel design and cell architecture are proposed to obtain enough current to drive PDLCD and high aperture ratio. 4.8 inch color reflective display has been fabricated successfully with the reflectivity of 18 % and contrast ratio of 4:1.
40.4: The Research of Various Mode Color PDLC Structures for Flexible Reflective Display
Authors: Jang Jae Eun , Lee Gae Hwang , Hwang Kyu Young , Song Byung Gon , Kim Jung Woo , Jin Yong Wan , Lee Sang Yun , Jung Jae Eun , Lee Jin Woo , Jeon Young Jae
Published: October 2010

Various type color PDLC structures have been characterized on a glass and a plastic substrate for reflective mode color display. The standard PDLC and the black diachronic dye mixed PDLC structure with color filter (RGB) show a good black state with high color purity and 256 gray levels, even though both structures have a dark color images. Color dichroic dye (RGB/CMY) mixed PDLC cells promise a good white reflectance. The problem of using color dye system is the enhancement of a poor black state. Using new CMY color based filter with black dye PDLC shutter structure can improve a white state with a proper color vision.
41.1: Distinguished Paper: The World's First Photo Alignment LCD Technology Applied to Generation Ten Factory
Authors: Miyachi Koichi , Kobayashi Kazuki , Yamada Yuichiro , Mizushima Shigeaki
Published: October 2010

We developed the new photo‐alignment technology for the large size LCD‐TV panel and we named our technology Ultraviolet induced multi‐domain Vertical Alignment(UVA2). The transmittance, contrast ratio and response time of LCD‐TV are drastically improved, because the photo‐alignment layer results in uniform surface with pre‐tilt. The UV2A technology has been successfully applied to our Gen 10 factory.
41.2: The Use of Fluorinated Alignment Layers to Reduce Image Retention in Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Lu Lu , Huang Yi , Zhang Ke , Twieg Robert , Bos Philip , Auman Brian , Bhowmik Achintya
Published: October 2010

We find the residual DC value in vertical alignment (VA) cells and planar cells can be reduced with polyimides with low dielectric constant. The RDC value is induced by the ion absorption on the alignment layers. This process is significantly affected by the dielectric properties of the polyimide layer. The low dielectric constant property of polyimides can reduce the ion absorption in the alignment layers, which further reduces the RDC value in both planar cells and VA cells. Additionally, the rubbing effect of the polyimide is also needed to be considered for planar cells.
6.2: A 10 Bits Modified VCC Interpolation and DVO Correction by Drain Current Injection
Authors: Lee Sungwoo , Kim Ki‐Duk , Park Kyu‐Sung , Park Chang‐Byung , Lee ByungHun , Jeon Jin‐Yong , Jung Seung‐Chul , Huh Jin , Yang Jun‐Hyeok , Kim Hyun‐Sik , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong
Published: October 2010

A 10b modified VCC interpolation and DVO correction scheme is proposed. The proposed structure minimizes the needs for interpolation of LCD column driver IC. And additional part for 4 bits interpolation is only one differential pair, one tail current mosfet, and some logics compared with conventional railtorail buffer amplifier [1]. The proposed DVO correction scheme can improve the channel uniformity of column driver IC. So the further reduction of area is possible. The 90nm CMOS process is used for simulation and layout size is compared. The power consumption is 6uW per channel.
42.1: Invited Paper: Development of High‐Performance Panel and High‐Speed 3D Driving Technology for World's First Full HD 3D Plasma Displays
Authors: Ishizuka Mitsuhiro , Tachibana Hiroyuki , Kawase Toru , Kimura Masanori , Shiozaki Yuya , Origuchi Takahiro , Shoji Hidehiko , Kigo Shigeo , Muto Yasuaki
Published: October 2010

For full HD 3D plasma displays, we newly developed a high luminous efficiency design, a short discharge‐time‐lag material, and a new driving method for 3D. High picture quality was realized by a new cell design, materials, and a panel driving sequence.
42.2: Using the Selective‐Reset to Achieve a “Real Black” with 50‐in. Full HD PDPs
Authors: Kim DaeHun , Kim TaeHyung , Moon SeongHak , Kim SungTae
Published: October 2010

“Real black” plasma display panels (PDPs) having a background luminance of zero cd/m2 must be realized to obtain high picture quality. PDPs, however, must have reset discharges to initialize cell conditions, regardless of expressing any of the gray levels. The light emission from the reset discharges becomes a background luminance, degrading the picture quality having low luminance levels. A technique of substituting the role of the reset discharges is proposed for 50‐in. full‐HD PDPs. with this technique an infinite dark‐room contrast ratio is obtained. However, it has the problem of the discharge delay. A solution to this was proposed by using the frame reset or the minimum surface reset discharge and selective reset.
42.3: New Cell Structure with Priming Cells and Driving Method for High Speed Addressing in AC‐PDPs
Authors: Tachibana Hiroyuki , Fujitani Morio , Kosugi Naoki , Sumida Keisuke , Murai Ryuichi
Published: October 2010

We proposed a new cell structure with priming cells and a driving method for high speed addressing in AC‐PDPs. An MgO layer is formed in the back plate of the priming cells to setup both the display cells and the priming cells. The statistical delay time of the address discharge was shortened to less than 20 ns by this technology.
42.4: Effect of Carbon Nanotubes in a PDP Back Plate on Addressing Discharge Time Lag
Authors: Murata Mitsuhiro , Noguchi Yasuyuki , Murai Ryuichi , Kitagawa Masatoshi , Yan Qun , Ballard Benjamin L.
Published: October 2010

The effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a back plate of a plasma display panel (PDP) for reducing the addressing discharge time lag was investigated. Field enhancement with CNTs played a significant role in reducing the addressing discharge time lag.
43.2: New Driving Method for Low Logic Power Consumption in TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Yun Sai Chang , Lee Chang Deok , Nam You Sung , Heo Seung Ho , Park Yong Hwa , Oh Dae Seok , So Byeong Seong , Shin Jong Keun
Published: October 2010

The power for driving logic part takes the major portion of the power consumption of a TFT‐LCD and the power of driving data lines is major part of the logic power. Therefore a power‐efficient data driving method is most important for low‐power TFT‐LCDs. Conventional data line sharing (DLS) method which uses horizontal 2 dot inversion consumes an amount of power by polarity transition of data signal.

In this paper, we have proposed a new driving method of double rate driving Z‐Inversion (DRD Z‐Inversion) which reduces the logic power consumption by the polarity transition of data signal, with the same image quality compared to conventional DLS method [1∼4]. As the results of DRD Z‐Inversion to the 15.6″HD TFT‐LCD notebook, approximately 53% (0.31W) of the analog part power consumption in the logic power by the polarity transition of data signal has been reduced. This value is the sum of 36% (0.21W) reduction by polarity transition of data signal and about 17% (0.10W) reduction by using the low driving voltage liquid crystal (LC)
43.3: Power Efficient AMOLED Display with Novel Four Sub‐Pixel Architecture and Driving Scheme
Authors: So Woo‐Young , Levermore Peter A. , Adamovich Vadim I. , Rajan Kamala , Weaver Michael S. , Ma Ruiqing , Hack Mike , Brown Julie J. , Kang Moon Hyo , Kim Hyo Jun , Hur Ji Ho , Choi Jae Won , Kim Jae Ik , Jang Jin , Kim Gunshik , Oh Junsik , Lee Han Yong
Published: October 2010

We present a novel all‐phosphorescent AMOLED pixel architecture with a red, green, light blue and deep blue sub‐pixel design. The highly efficient light blue reduces power consumption by 33% compared to an equivalent conventional RGB display using a fluorescent blue sub‐pixel. Furthermore, by using a light and deep blue sub‐pixel layout, the lifetime of the display will be significantly increased due to the reduced on‐time required for the deep blue sub‐pixel. Here we demonstrate this new design in a 2.5‐inch AMOLED panel.
6.3: A Low‐EMI 2Gbps ClockAlignedtoData IntraPanel Interface (CADI) for TFT‐LCD with the VSYNC‐Embedded Clock and Equalization
Authors: Chi Hyung‐Joon , Choi Young‐Ho , Lee Soo‐Min , Sim Jae‐Yoon , Park Hong‐June , Lim Jongjin , Kang Pil‐Sung , Lee Bu‐Yeol , Hong Jin‐Cheol , Lee Hee‐Sub
Published: October 2010

A pointtopoint intrapanel interface for data and clock of TFT LCD in 0.18um works at 2Gbps, with the 10∼20dB EMI enhancement over the clock embedding scheme. The subpixel clock is cascaded with the transition time maximized for low EMI. The VSYNC is embedded in the clock. DLL aligns clock and data.
44.3: Characterization of Motion Parallax on Multi‐view/Integral‐imaging Displays
Authors: Uehara Shin‐ichi , Horikoshi Tsutomu , Kato Chiaki , Koike Takafumi , Hamagishi Goro , Mashitani Ken , Nomura Toshio , Taira Kazuki , Yuuki Akimasa , Umezu Naoaki , Watanabe Naoko , Hisatake Yuzo , Ujike Hiroyasu
Published: October 2010

Multi‐view and integral imaging displays have a significant feature that allows people to induce better stereopsis due to motion parallax. Base on the analysis of the mechanism, we propose characterization methods of the displays. Our methods evaluate change in luminance of stereoscopic images when observer's eye positions are displaced. The results show that our methods are good for showing smoothness of the motion parallax.
45.2: Distinguished Paper: Novel LCD Display with a Sensible Backlight
Authors: Yi Kwonju , Choi Changkyu , Suh Sungjoo , Yoo Byungln , Han Jae‐Joon , Park Dusik , Kim Changyeong
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we describe a novel multi‐touch LCD display architecture with hover sensing capability based on infrared sensor array. The proposed display architecture has an advantage over existing multi‐touch LCD displays in that it maintains a slim form‐factor of LCD displays without loss of a display quality while it is possible to sense multiple touches and hovers simultaneously.
45.3: On‐cell Projected Capacitive Type Touch Sensor for NBPC
Authors: Hwang Sang‐Soo , Bae Sang Hyuck , Cho So‐Haeng , Kang Hee‐Kwang , Lee Deuk Su , Shin Jong Keun , Chung In Jae
Published: October 2010

Projected capacitive type touch sensor is getting to expand its territory from mobile applications to NBPC because of its several merits such as soft touch, multi‐touch and high transparency. An emergence of Windows 7 triggers the needs of projected capacitive touch for NBPC. LG display developed on‐cell projected capacitive type touch sensor for 13.3″ NBPC and acquired the certification of Microsoft Windows 7 logo for the first time of the world in In‐cell type touch LCD.
45.5: A System LCD with Optical Input Function using Infra‐Red Backlight Subtraction Scheme
Authors: Tanaka Kohei , Kato Hiromi , Sugita Yasuhiro , Usukura Naru , Kawamori Hidetsugu , Maeda Kazuhiro , Kubota Yasushi
Published: October 2010

We describe a System LCD with optical input function using infra‐red backlight subtraction scheme. By combining an “infrared backlight subtraction scheme” with a high sensitivity “active capacitor” circuit we have achieved a sensor operation robust to ambient conditions and with low power consumption suitable for integration into mobile products.
46.1: New Concept for Large Area White OLED Production for Lighting
Authors: Hoffmann Uwe , Landgraf Heike , Campo Manuel , Bruch Juergen , Keller Stefan , Koenig Michael
Published: October 2010

A new concept of a vertical in‐line deposition machine for large area white OLED production has been developed. The machine concept and linear evaporation source designed for up to Gen 4 substrates resulted in material utilization of > 50 %. A vacuum handling and alignment system for shadow masks has been developed.
46.2: Organic Deposition Methods for AM‐OLED by Using Compact Linear Nozzle Source (CLNS) and Hybrid Source
Authors: Kim Sungmoon , Jeong Kwangho , Chi Daejoon
Published: October 2010

We have developed the Compact Linear Nozzle Source (CLNS). Scanning deposition method with CLNS provides the solution which keeps high material efficiency of linear source, while solving problems concerning linear source. And Hybrid Source, which is comprised of CLNS and point source, will be the best OLED evaporation system that boasts excellent co‐deposition homogeneity.
46.4: Up‐Scaling of OLED Manufacturing for Lighting Applications
Authors: Eritt Michael , Toerker Michael , Jahnel Matthias , May Christian , Leo Karl
Published: October 2010

First results of a newly developed Gen‐2 manufacturing system for lighting and signage applications based on organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) are presented. High efficiency of 47.8 cd/A at C.I.E color coordinates of 0.39/0.38 at 1000 cd/m2 was reached in forward emission applying a two‐unit stacked white architecture. 100×100 mm2‐lighting‐tiles showed a luminous efficacy of 18.5 lm/W (C.I.E color coordinates 0.45/0.43) based on integrating sphere measurements. Process reproducibility was analyzed in terms of run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day and tile‐to‐tile parameter variation.
47.2: 2.8‐inch WQVGA Flexible AMOLED Using High Performance Low Temperature Polysilicon TFT on Plastic Substrates
Authors: An Sungguk , Lee Jaeseob , Kim Younggu , Kim Taewoong , Jin Dongun , Min Hoonkee , Chung Hokyoon , Kim Sang Soo
Published: October 2010

This paper reports a low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) fabrication process on plastic substrate for a flexible AMOLED display. Characteristics of fabricated TFTs showed excellent performance with field effect mobility of 124.1 cm2/V‐s, on/off ratio of >108, subthreshold slope of 0.30V/dec, and threshold voltage of −2.03V. Internal scan drive circuits, 1:3 demux, and compensation circuits were successfully integrated on the backplane of a 166ppi 2.8″ WQVGA flexible AMOLED panel.
47.4: Thin, Flexible, Full‐Color, Large‐Area OLED Displays Using Tiles
Authors: Hamer John W. , Cok Ronald S. , Arnold Andy D. , Hatwar Tukaram K. , Spindler Jeffrey P.
Published: October 2010

We have designed and fabricated large‐area full‐color OLED displays assembled from thin, flexible, lightweight tiles. The tiles were made using barrier‐coated PET films, a tandem white OLED formulation with a luminance efficiency of approximately 25 cd/A, and a low‐cost externally applied printed color filter.
48.2: Advanced VA Mode with Fast Gray Scale Response and Wide Viewing Angle in a Bend Liquid Crystal Configuration
Authors: Sakurai Takehisa , Murata Mitsuhiro , Matsumoto Toshihiro , Ohtake Tadashi , Ishihara Shoichi , Kozaki Shuichi , Morishita Katsuhiko , Okazaki Tsuyoshi , Sakai Takehiko , Kataoka Yoshiharu
Published: October 2010

We have developed “Transverse Bend Alignment (TBA) mode”, an advanced VA mode where liquid crystal materials are driven by a combination of a lateral field and a vertical field. We have made TFT‐LCDs with different spacings of comb‐shaped electrodes to reduce the steepness of the V‐T characteristics. By adjusting cell parameters, the LCD has wide viewing angle without color wash‐out in oblique directions and fast response between all gray scale levels.
50.3: Proposai of Evaluation Method for Local‐Dimming Backlights
Authors: Ichioka Hideki , Otoi Katsuya , Fujiwara Kohji , Hashimoto Katsuteru , Murakami Hirofumi , Yamamoto Tomohiko
Published: October 2010

A local‐dimming control is one of the advanced ways for backlighting an LCD. It balances less power consumption with higher contrast than other ordinary backlighting systems by independently controlling each luminance of backlights according to pictures. On the other hand, a new defect arises; that is, all the backlight units are not completely uniform and luminance of each backlight varies as an input signal changes. We define this defect as “Halo”. There have not been presented any particular methods to evaluate “Halo” so far. In this paper, we propose a new method on how to evaluate Halo defect in local‐dimming backlight systems with explaining the mechanism why Halo defect arises.
7.1: Distinguished Student Paper: Low Voltage BluePhase LCDs with Patterned Electrodes
Authors: Rao Linghui , Ge Zhibing , Wu ShinTson
Published: October 2010

A low voltage bluephase LCD with patterned electrodes is proposed. By optimizing the protrusion electrode configurations, we have successfully reduced the onstate voltage to ∼10V while keeping a relatively high transmittance. This approach enables bluephase LCDs to be driven by aSi TFTs.
52.3: OLEDs for Lighting Applications
Authors: Loebl Peter , Van Elsbergen Volker , Boerner Herbert , Goldmann Claudia , Grabowski Stefan , Bertram Dietrich
Published: October 2010

OLEDs for lighting applications require the combination of several properties at the same time: Large emission area, high brightness, high efficiency, long lifetime, good color stability at different brightness levels, and low cost. In order to fulfill these demands, several OLED architecture concepts are under investigation: Hybrid layered OLEDs, stacked OLEDs, pixel‐OLEDs. To achieve good color stability the diode‐units used for stacking have to be optimized. The talk focuses on hybrid OLEDs and their properties. In this context we demonstrate a phosphorescent yellow diode (combination of red and green emitters) which has an efficacy between 50 and 60 lm/W without improved light out‐coupling (ILO) and excellent color stability. Such highly optimized OLED architectures have to be combined with suitable optical out‐coupling techniques to make OLEDs ready for lighting. Optical out‐coupling techniques are briefly reviewed. We demonstrate a concept for extracting more light of an OLED using low refractive index hole transport layers.
52.4: Highly Efficient Phosphorescent OLED Lighting Panels for Solid State Lighting
Authors: Levermore Peter A. , Adamovich Vadim , Rajan Kamala , Yeager Walt , Lin Chun , Xia Sean , Kottas Gregg S. , Weaver Michael S. , Kwong Raymond , Ma Ruiqing , Hack Mike , Brown Julie J.
Published: October 2010

We present a 15 cm × 15 cm PHOLEDTM lighting panel that operates with 50 lm/W efficacy, CRI = 87, CCT = 3055 K and lifetime to LT70 ≅ 10,000 hrs at 1,000 cd/m2. We also present a panel with 58 lm/W efficacy, CRI = 86 and CCT = 2790 K at 1,000 cd/m2, and a small‐area lighting pixel with 109 lm/W efficacy, CRI = 80, CCT = 3295 K and lifetime to LT70 ≅ 15,000 hrs at 1,000 cd/m2. A highly stable light blue phosphorescent host‐emitter system is used to reduce power consumption, extend operational lifetime and demonstrate exceptional emission color stability with aging.
53.1: Invited Paper: Active Matrix OLED Pixel Design
Authors: Stewart Roger G.
Published: October 2010

Active Matrix OLEDs are thinner and potentially more energy efficient than AMLCDs, however AMOLED pixel designs are also more complicated. This paper compares the operating principles and performance of the three basic types of OLED pixels: Converter Pixels, Compensated Pixels, and Current‐Mode Pixels.
53.2: 30″ AMOLED Based on Sequential Lateral Solidification Process
Authors: Choi Jae Beom , Lee Won‐Kyu , Chang Young Jin , Oh Jae Hwan , Jin Seong Hyun , Park Cheol Ho , Choo Byoung Kwon , Chung In‐Do , Lee Kwon‐Hyung , Hwang Hyun Bin , Lee Yong Soo , Kim Hye Dong , Kim Sang Soo
Published: October 2010

An excimer‐laser‐based two‐shot sequential lateral solidification (TS‐SLS) process has been developed to fabricate 30” FHD (1920×RGB×1080) AMOLED TVs using both 2D projection and line‐scan SLS systems. We have optimized (1) the microstructure of TS‐SLS processed polycrystalline materials, (2) the geometry of driving TFTs to minimize non‐uniformity of the pixel brightness and (3) the off‐bias TFT aging process to reduce the leakage current. This result verifies that the TS‐SLS process can be utilized to make large area AMOLED TVs without any laser related mura.