bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formación e-learning en la enseñanza superior del Derecho: experiencia en la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: Moreno González Saturnina , Luchena Mozo Gracia María
Published: November 2017

El vertiginoso desarrollo tecnológico del mundo actual brinda a las universidades presenciales la posibilidad de ofrecer nuevas alternativas formativas como la enseñanza a través de Internet o eLearning, que permite utilizar las potencialidades de la red en el proceso de instrucción y superar las barreras espacio-temporales asociadas a la educación tradicional. La experiencia acumulada en el desarrollo de asignaturas y cursos virtuales en el seno del área de Derecho financiero y tributario de la UCLM nos permite constatar que gran parte de la clave del éxito de los modelos de aprendizaje en entornos eLearning reside en la metodología docente empleada para garantizar un proceso de aprendizaje significativo en el alumno, así como en la correcta evaluación del mismo. En efecto, la especificidad de la enseñanza online se traduce, sobre todo, en la necesidad de desarrollar recursos, materiales, herramientas e instrumentos de formación, seguimiento y comunicación adecuados al medio utilizado, así como una correcta planificación de las actividades a realizar y altas dosis de coordinación y flexibilidad; todo ello, con la finalidad de proporcionar la mejor formación a los alumnos. Asimismo, debe concebirse la evaluación como formativa e integral, basada en un conjunto variado de actividades que el uso de herramientas síncronas y asíncronas de comunicación permite desarrollar y asumir el proceso de evaluación continua, donde el estudiante participa de su propio modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

 
Motivación en estudiantes de ingeniería: Un caso de estudio con teorías e instrumentos para su medida y desarrollo
Authors: López Fernández Daniel , Alarcón Cavero Pedro P. , Rodríguez Sánchez Manuel , Casado Fuente Mª Luisa
Published: November 2017

La motivación es una de las claves fundamentales en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios, especialmente en el caso de las carreras de ingeniería, donde la dificultad que estas suponen acarrea en el estudiante una baja sensación de autoeficacia y unas altas cotas de absentismo y abandono. Desde hace tiempo el campo de la psicología ha abordado ampliamente el constructo de la motivación, y en las últimas décadas se han diseñado instrumentos psicopedagógicos como el MSLQ o el MAPE-3 que sirven para favorecer la motivación de los universitarios. Este trabajo presenta una selección de teorías que sirven para comprender los procesos motivacionales de las personas e identificar indicadores que resulten útiles para evaluar e incidir en la motivación de los estudiantes universitarios de ingeniería. En base a los indicadores encontrados se ha definido un instrumento que sirve para diagnosticar la motivación de los estudiantes de escuelas de ingeniería españolas y que se ha utilizado en un estudio empírico de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio con 92 estudiantes de ingeniería de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. En esta contribución se han identificado teorías e indicadores para observar y estimular la motivación y se ha valorado su adecuación a los estudiantes de ingeniería, se ha validado el instrumento elaborado, se han explorado aspectos de interés sobre la motivación de los estudiantes de ingeniería, y se han identificado rasgos diferenciadores en la motivación de estudiantes en ingeniería de diferentes titulaciones y cursos.

 
Evaluación de pares y autoevaluación con erúbricas: caso de estudio en el grado de Educación Primaria
Authors: Pérez Galán Rafael , Cebrián Robles Daniel , Rueda Galiano Ana B.
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo trata de analizar hasta qué punto los alumnos son capaces de evaluar sus propios aprendizajes y los de sus compañeros (evaluación entre pares y autoevaluación) a través de la erúbrica, conociendo estándares y criterios de evaluación propuestos por el profesorado en la configuración, diseño y desarrollo de la evaluación de proyectos. Esta forma de evaluar y autoevaluarse presupone en el Nuevo Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior que el alumno asuma un papel más activo en el proceso de enseñanza y que la propia evaluación le sirva de aprendizaje en la consecución de las competencias profesionales. Así el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en procesos de evaluación autorregulada permite que el alumno alcance un rendimiento óptimo, eficaz y de calidad tanto en la propuesta de contenidos, como en el desarrollo de los mismos ante el grupo, considerando el acto de evaluar como un proceso de mejora y de aprendizaje, a través de herramientas como la erúbrica que favorecen la “evaluación total”; es decir, la asunción de todas las competencias básicas.
Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo en el curso académico 2011-2012, durante dos semestres con asignaturas troncales distintas (Teoría y Política de la Educación Infantil y Hacia una escuela inclusiva: modelos y prácticas) y con idénticos grupos (Grupo de 1º de grado de infantil A-grupo experimental- y Grupo de 1º de grado de infantil B-grupo control).
El presente trabajo expone los resultados de la evaluación entre pares y la autoevaluación a través de la puesta en práctica de proyectos, donde los alumnos evalúan a sus compañeros y se autoevalúan, comparando los resultados con la evaluación que realiza el profesor de los grupos y de cada alumno de forma individual.

 
Herramientas didácticas para mejorar el rendimiento académico
Authors: Arrobas Velilla Teresa , Cazenave Sánchez Jose Ignacio , Cañizares Díaz Juan Ignacio , Fernández Serrat María Luisa
Published: November 2017

El flipped classroom es un nuevo modelo metodológico docente que trata de invertir la forma en que los contenidos de aprendizaje se entregan a los alumnos para favorecer el entendimiento de la materia mediante un trabajo en casa .El objetivo del estudio es analizar si la implantación del ”flippedd classroom” es útil como herramienta docente para mejorar el rendimiento académico y si este es dependiente del sexo. Contamos con una cohorte de 75 alumnos de kinesiología (55% hombres y 46% mujeres) y 98 de obstetricia (94%mujeres y 4% hombres) de ambos sexos entre los 20-24 años. Se les realizo tres pruebas en el semestre académico, 1ºprueba, grupo control N=164, 2 prueba, introducción de clase a clase en papel, 3 pruebas, introducción de plataforma web. La nota media de la primera prueba fue 3,86± 0.78 e intervalo de confianza (3.74-3.99) la de la segunda prueba fue 4.12± 0.87 intervalo de confianza (3.99-4.26) y de la tercera prueba 4.92±0.94 e intervalo de confianza (4.77- 5.05.) Se realizó un análisis de varianza, la p que se obtuvo fue p=0.000, lo que indica que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la notas de los 3 grupos. Con respecto la variable sexo, no se observaron diferencias. La introducción de herramientas didácticas mejora ostensiblemente y de forma significativa el rendimiento académico de los alumnos siendo este superior con la introducción de la plataforma web teachem que con el material didáctico en papel. Con respecto al sexo de los alumnos, no influye en ninguna de las calificaciones obtenidas en las 3 pruebas.

 
Elaboración y validación de un instrumento para la medición del desempeño docente basado en competencias
Authors: Pimienta Prieto Julio Herminio
Published: November 2017

Este artículo presenta el proceso de diseño, construcción y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar el desempeño académico de profesores universitarios desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes. El proceso incluye la tabla de especificaciones que operacionaliza el constructo; misma que ha servido de referencia tanto para la construcción de las afirmaciones de la escala, así como para la valoración por expertos de la coherencia entre las preguntas y las especificaciones (validez de contenido). Se ha aplicado el cuestionario a una muestra aleatoria de estudiantes (440) de una institución privada de la zona metropolitana de México. Se ha determinado la confiabilidad como consistencia interna y partición por mitades; además, un análisis factorial tanto exploratorio como confirmatorio para determinar la adecuada medición del constructo que se pretende evaluar. Los resultados han mostrado una confiabilidad de 0.965 (alfa de Cronbach), el grado de acuerdo, con el índice kappa de Cohen, se ha considerado como mayor a 0.7 y el análisis factorial confirmatorio apunta a dos factores de tres que se tenían; sin apartarse drásticamente de la teoría que ha servido de base.
Overgang van onderneming bij de pre-pack: een blik vooruit
Authors: Hufman Pam
Published: November 2017

Overgang van onderneming bij de pre-pack: een blik vooruit

Op 22 juni 2017 oordeelde het Hof van Justitie EU dat de regels met betrekking tot overgang van onderneming van toepassing zijn in een pre-packprocedure. In het artikel wordt de reikwijdte van het arrest, de (on)mogelijkheden voor betrokkenen bij doorstarts in het verleden en mogelijkheden tot aanpassing van de wet besproken.
Twee jaar Wwz in cijfers
Authors: Beukhof Marit , Rietveld Rachel
Published: November 2017

Twee jaar Wwz in cijfers

In dit artikel wordt een cijfermatig overzicht gegeven van de eerste twee jaar Wwz. Inzichtelijk wordt hoe vaak een ontslaggrond is aangevoerd en wat de verhouding is tussen het aantal toe- en afwijzingen. Ook wordt ingegaan op de hoogte van de billijke vergoeding. Naast een algemeen overzicht worden de cijfers ook per rechtbank weergegeven.
Saberes de professores propícios à inclusão dos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais: condições para sua construção
Authors: Nozi Gislaine Semcovici , Vitaliano Celia Regina
Published: November 2017

Atitudes favoráveis à inclusão escolar de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais têm sido consideradas por diversos pesquisadores como condição essencial para os professores. Considerando esta questão, é objetivo deste artigo descrever os saberes recomendados pela produção acadêmica para a inclusão escolar, bem como as condições que favorecem a sua aquisição. Para tanto, realizamos uma análise documental em teses e dissertações da área da Educação e Educação Especial, disponíveis no Banco de Teses da Capes, e pesquisa bibliográfica. Os dados coletados foram organizados em categorias. Os resultados indicaram a importância da capacidade do professor de valorizar a diferença e a heterogeneidade, de colocar-se no lugar do outro e ser favorável à Educação Inclusiva. Sobre as condições que favorecem a construção de atitudes positivas, identificaram-se a necessidade de desmitificação do conceito de deficiência e reflexões sobre suas possibilidades, formação adequada, experiências inclusivas positivas, e trabalho colaborativo entre professores especialistas, regentes e demais profissionais envolvidos.
Concepções de futuros professores a respeito da educação inclusiva e Educação Especial
Authors: Marinho Carla Cristina , Omote Sadao
Published: November 2017

Na relação ensino-aprendizagem, as variáveis pessoais do professor precisam ser consideradas, pois a aprendizagem do aluno é determinada também pela qualidade da relação interpessoal entre eles. Portanto, o processo de formação do professor precisa ser capaz de lidar com tais características psicossociais do professor, levando-o a refletir sobre elas e eventualmente modifica-las para favorecer a aprendizagem. Há muitas variáveis que podem afetar o bom desempenho do professor. Neste artigo, são analisadas e discutidas as concepções de futuros professores a respeito da Educação Inclusiva e Educação Especial, considerando que tais concepções podem afetar profundamente a natureza das ações pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelo professor na sua relação com alunos com diferentes características, incluindo aqueles que apresentam diferenças ou dificuldades especiais. A partir das análises, concluímos que ao menos no que concerne às concepções que foram avaliadas, o conhecimento teórico e prático apresentado pelos docentes, por intermédio da matriz curricular do curso de Pedagogia da UNESP de Marília, parece ter exercido algum efeito nas concepções dos estudantes do referido curso. Significa que as temáticas relacionadas à Educação Inclusiva e à Educação Especial podem estar sendo devidamente discutidas, durante o processo de formação inicial desses estudantes, possibilitando-lhes apresentar concepções sobre Educação Inclusiva e Educação Especial coerentes com a legislação vigente e com a proposta desse curso de Pedagogia.
Número Completo jul./set. 2017 (PDF com Capa e Artigos)
Authors: Rural Extensão
Published: November 2017

Número Completo jul./set. 2017 (PDF com Capa e Artigos)
Pouvoir discrétionnaire, infractions routières et interventions policières
Authors: Blais1 Étienne , Couture Marie-Andrée , Boivin Rémi , Poirier Brigitte
Published: November 2017

Cet article adopte une conception perceptuelle du pouvoir discrétionnaire afin de comprendre le processus décisionnel des patrouilleurs dans le cadre de leurs activités de sécurité routière. Plus précisément, l’article relève les éléments pris en considération par les policiers lorsqu’ils décident d’intercepter les automobilistes qui commettent une infraction et, par la suite, de donner un constat d’infraction. Pour y arriver, 19 entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de patrouilleurs (n = 15) et directeurs de poste (n = 4). Les résultats montrent que les infractions graves mènent presque automatiquement à l’interception et l’émission d’un constat d’infraction. Lorsque les infractions entrent dans la zone de tolérance des policiers, que les policiers sont de mauvaise humeur et qu’ils vivent des contraintes de temps, le risque d’interception est révisé à la baisse. Une fois interceptés, les jeunes conducteurs et ceux ayant une mauvaise attitude sont plus souvent sanctionnés. Les policiers qui croient à l’efficacité du constat sont plus susceptibles d’en décerner. Enfin, les résultats indiquent que chaque décision est le résultat d’interactions entre différentes contraintes normatives liées au policier, à l’automobiliste et à son infraction, à l’environnement routier et à l’organisation policière.
Educación legal clínica y litigio estratégico en Iberoamérica
Authors: Londoño Toro Beatriz
Published: November 2017

Esta obra es resultado de investigación sobre dos conceptos de enorme importancia para la educación jurídica en Iberoamérica: la educación legal clínica como modelo pedagógico en construcción y el litigio estratégico como herramienta de incidencia social y política. Se considera que el proceso de construcción de las clínicas en la región es un hito en la educación jurídica iberoamericana y existen evidencias que permiten afirmarlo, ya que se trata de historias paralelas que se fortalecieron por los intercambios de aprendizajes y experiencias a través de las redes. De igual manera se desarrolla el concepto de litigio estratégico o estructural y se examina la forma como inciden en dicha propuesta las alianzas estratégicas. Se pasa luego a una profundización sobre la agenda de las clínicas y los temas prioritarios de Derechos Humanos en Iberoamérica. Examen que se realiza a partir de casos reales que se han trabajado las clínicas. Se concluye en la necesidad del surgimiento de nuevas clínicas y de más proyectos de investigación.
The reproducibility challenge – what researchers need
Authors: Rosetta Federica
Published: November 2017

Watch the VIDEO here.Within the Open Science discussions, the current call for “reproducibility” comes from the raising awareness that results as presented in research papers are not as easily reproducible as expected, or even contradicted those original results in some reproduction efforts. In this context, transparency and openness are seen as key components to facilitate good scientific practices, as well as scientific discovery. As a result, many funding agencies now require the deposit of research data sets, institutions improve the training on the application of statistical methods, and journals begin to mandate a high level of detail on the methods and materials used. How can researchers be supported and encouraged to provide that level of transparency? An important component is the underlying research data, which is currently often only partly available within the article. At Elsevier we have therefore been working on journal data guidelines which clearly explain to researchers when and how they are expected to make their research data available. Simultaneously, we have also developed the corresponding infrastructure to make it as easy as possible for researchers to share their data in a way that is appropriate in their field. To ensure researchers get credit for the work they do on managing and sharing data, all our journals support data citation in line with the FORCE11 data citation principles – a key step in the direction of ensuring that we address the lack of credits and incentives which emerged from the Open Data analysis (Open Data - the Researcher Perspective https://www.elsevier.com/about/open-science/research-data/open-data-report ) recently carried out by Elsevier together with CWTS. Finally, the presentation will also touch upon a number of initiatives to ensure the reproducibility of software, protocols and methods. With STAR methods, for instance, methods are submitted in a Structured, Transparent, Accessible Reporting format; this approach promotes rigor and robustness, and makes reporting easier for the author and replication easier for the reader.
Character drawing style in cartoons on empathy induction: an eye-tracking and EEG study
Authors: Lee Yong-il , Choi Yeojeong , Jeong Jaeseung
Published: November 2017

In its most basic form, empathy refers to the ability to understand another person’s feelings and emotions, representing an essential component of human social interaction. Owing to an increase in the use of mass media, which is used to distribute high levels of empathy-inducing content, media plays a key role in individual and social empathy induction. We investigated empathy induction in cartoons using eye movement, EEG and behavioral measures to explore whether empathy factors correlate with character drawing styles. Two different types of empathy-inducing cartoons that consisted of three stages and had the same story plot were used. One had an iconic style, while the other was realistic style. Fifty participants were divided into two groups corresponding to the individual cartoon drawing styles and were presented with only one type of drawing style. We found that there were no significant differences of empathy factors between iconic and realistic style. However, the Induced Empathy Score (IES) had a close relationship with subsequent attentional processing (total fixation length for gaze duration). Furthermore, iconic style suppressed the fronto-central area more than realistic style in the gamma power band. These results suggest that iconic cartoons have the advantage of abstraction during empathy induction, because the iconic cartoons induced the same level of empathy as realistic cartoons while using the same story plot (top-down process), even though lesser time and effort were required by the cartoon artist to draw them. This also means that the top-down process (story plot) is more important than the bottom-up process (drawing style) in empathy induction when viewing cartoons
Temporal variability of primary productivity, chlorophyll and seston in Bahia de Los Angeles, Gulf of California
Authors: Muñoz-Barbosa A , Gaxiola-Castro G , Segovia-Zavala JA
Published: November 2017

With the aim of studying the short variability of seston, chlorophyll a and primary productivity of phytoplankton, water samples were taken in Bahía de los Ángeles during nine days of February and March, 1987. Chlorophyll a had higher values during spring tides, with variations between 0.25 to 9.70 mg·m–3. Total seston was mainly formedby organic matter, almost without an inorganic contribution, except when the speed of the wind was >8 m·s–1. Primary productivity increased from spring tides to transitional and neap tides, with 115, 243 and 337 mg·Cm–2·h–1, respectively. A linear relationship was found between primary productivity (P) and chlorophyll a concentration (Cla): P = 4.76*Cla-0.91. Horizontal advection and vertical mixing both originated from the wind effect and appear to be the main processes that determine variability of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity in the bay
Horizontal and vertical movements of the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, in the southern Gulf Of California, Mexico
Authors: Klimley AP , Cabrera-Mancillas I , Castillo-Geniz JL
Published: November 2017

Horizontal and vertical movements are described for four scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) tagged with ultrasonic transmitters. The trackings were carried out during August 1986, 1988-1989, and July 1989 in the pelagic environment surrounding Espíritu Santo Seamount and Las Animas Island in the southem Gulf of California. The hammerheads generally remained above the seamount and near the island during the day. Fifteen sharks were tracked during homing movements away from and back to the seamount. Of the excursions, 13 were made into the pelagic region during the night and two during the day. The maximum distance moved away from the seamount ranged from 4 to 20 km. Departure and return movements were at times close to and parallel to each other, suggesting that the sharks followed particular routes to preferred feeding sites. The sharks made vertical excursions, ascending and descending in the water column (in yo-yo form). The diving oscillations occurred between 50 to 450 m. These vertical movements were usually below the surface mixed layer and well away from the bottom. The range in water temperatures (2º-6ºC) encountered during these vertical excursions was small in relation to that reported for other species of fishes, suggesting that for this species the function of the excursions may not be thermoregulation.
Primary productivity and chlorophyll a in the central part of the Gulf of California (Autumn 1987)
Authors: Millán-Núñez R , Cajal-Medrano R , Santamaría-del-Angel E , Millán-Núñez E
Published: November 2017

A cruise was carried out in the central part of the Gulf of California from 27 October to 7 November, 1987. Seawater samples were taken from 0, 5, 15, 25 and 50 m depth to determine chlorophyll a and phaeophytin a content at 22 stations. Six experiments of productivity in the euphotic zone and one experiment of photosynthesis-irradiante were generated. The vertical profile of chlorophyll a in Ballenas Channel was more homogeneous at the southern end of the channel due to mixing and the increase in the euphotic zone. In the region of the islands, the distribution of chlorophyll a was more variable due to mixing processes that occur in that area. In the southern part of the study area, chlorophyll a decreased from the coast to the open sea. Similar assimilation numbers and photosynthetic rates were obtained with samples collected at 22 and 60% of surface irradiance in one productivity versus irradiante (P-E) experiment in Ballenas Channel. It is inferred that vertical transport of phytoplankton occurred in the water column. Surface primary productivity values were three to four times higher in the northern part of the study area than in the southern part, whereas integrated productivity values were one to two times higher in the northern part.
Associação entre anemia e variáveis sociais e clínicas na artroplastia total de quadril em uma clínica privada em Salvador
Authors: Valois Aline Veloso de Andrade , Falcão Fernanda Rezende Campos , Dias Bruno Anderson Gomes , Wolfovitch Liz Araujo , Sadigursky David
Published: November 2017

Introdução: artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ) é uma cirurgia que visa restabelecer a função da articulação coxofemoral, neste procedimento, a anemia é uma das complicações mais prevalentes. Objetivo: descrever as associações entre a anemia e as variáveis sociais e clínicas dos pacientes no perioperatório da ATQ em um hospital particular localizado em Salvador, Bahia. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino e idoso. A comorbidade mais prevalente foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). A complicação mais comum pós cirurgia foi anemia. Houve associação da ATQ com a anemia com gênero, dislipidemia, transfusão sanguínea, tempo de internação hospitalar total e número de bolsas de sangue utilizadas. Conclusões: os pacientes com maiores riscos de desenvolver anemia pós ATQ eram do sexo feminino, portadores de dislipidemia, usaram transfusão sanguínea durante a ATQ. Os anêmicos precisaram de transfusão de mais bolsas de sangue e ficaram mais tempo internados do que os pacientes não anêmicos.
Influência dos ácidos graxos ômega 3 e vitamina D na depressão: uma breve revisão
Authors: Rosa Juliana Severo , Saraiva Junior José Ribamar , Real André Gonzales , Siqueira Laís Quevedo , Rosa Claudia Severo
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: descrever uma revisão da literatura sobre a importância dos ácidos graxos ômega-3 e da vitamina D na prevenção e tratamento da depressão. Metodologia: essa revisão foi feita no período de agosto, setembro de 2016, incluindo as publicações de 2000 a 2016. Procedeu-se a busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Science Direct, Bireme e periódicos CAPES com a utilização dos descritores: “ômega-3”, “docosahexaenoic acid”, “DHA”, “eicosapentaenoic acid”, “EPA”, “vitamin D” e “depression”. Resultados: a literatura reporta vários estudos sobre a eficácia dos ácidos graxos ômega-3 no tratamento da depressão. No entanto, existe um número considerável de trabalhos que não demonstram eficácia dos ácidos graxos ômega-3 na depressão. Os fatores responsáveis pelos resultados variados são: modelos experimentais, diferenças de tamanho da amostra, diferenças biológicas e genéticas entre os doentes, a variabilidade ambiental, e variabilidade na resposta à ácidos graxos ômega-3. Em relação a vitamina D, os resultados também são contraditórios, com evidências sugerindo que baixos níveis dessa vitamina podem estar associados a um maior risco de depressão. Conclusão: não é possível afirmar que consumir alimentos ricos em ômega-3 e vitamina D, juntamente com o uso de fármacos possam aliviar os sintomas depressivos.
Comment on “Assessing Discrepancies Between Previous Plate Kinematic Models of Mesozoic Iberia and Their Constraints” by Barnett‐Moore Et Al.
Authors: van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Spakman Wim , Vissers Reinoud L. M. , van der Meer Douwe G.
Published: November 2017

In their recent paper, Barnett‐Moore et al. (2016) reflect on current models of Iberian plate motion in the Jurassic and Cretaceous as well as ongoing debates on the reliability of the various types of kinematic data that form independent constraints on Iberia's motion relative to Eurasia. They question the validity of various marine geophysical, seismic, tomographic, geological, and paleomagnetic data sets from the Bay of Biscay, Central Atlantic Ocean, and Iberia for kinematic reconstruction of Iberia and conclude that neither models invoking Aptian‐Albian transtension, nor compression, are consistent with currently available data. An important element in their analysis is that they discard the large paleomagnetic data set from the Jurassic and Cretaceous from Iberia based on perceived limitations of that data set. In addition, they argue that seismic tomographic images exclude a scenario of subduction in the Aptian‐Albian in the Pyrenees, and based on this “question the validity of current plate reconstructions, their constraints, and geodynamic scenarios, which are in support of this scenario [e.g., Vissers et al., 2016].” We welcome the discussion raised by Barnett‐Moore et al. (2016) on the reliability and usefulness of paleomagnetic data as independent constraint for Iberia's plate motion in the Mesozoic. Taking these paleomagnetic data at face value, Vissers et al. (2016) recently showed that these are consistent with an ~40° counterclockwise rotation of Iberia in the Aptian, requiring up to 500 km of Aptian convergence across the Pyrenees, that is, through subduction. In this comment, we aim to critically assess whether and how the concerns on the quality of paleomagnetic data raised by Barnett‐Moore et al. (2016) may allow for an alternative explanation, particularly one with a Mesozoic rotation of Iberia that is small enough so as to not requiring subduction. We also reassess whether seismic tomographic images indeed refute subduction scenarios, using 8 S wave and P wave tomographic models including those used in Barnett‐Moore et al. (2016).
The Role of Jet Adjustment Processes in Subtropical Dust Storms
Authors: Pokharel Ashok Kumar , Kaplan Michael L. , Fiedler Stephanie
Published: November 2017

Meso‐α/β/γ scale atmospheric processes of jet dynamics responsible for generating Harmattan, Saudi Arabian, and Bodélé Depression dust storms are analyzed with observations and high‐resolution modeling. The analysis of the role of jet adjustment processes in each dust storm shows similarities as follows: (1) the presence of a well‐organized baroclinic synoptic scale system, (2) cross mountain flows that produced a leeside inversion layer prior to the large‐scale dust storm, (3) the presence of thermal wind imbalance in the exit region of the midtropospheric jet streak in the lee of the respective mountains shortly after the time of the inversion formation, (4) dust storm formation accompanied by large magnitude ageostrophic isallobaric low‐level winds as part of the meso‐β scale adjustment process, (5) substantial low‐level turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), and (6) emission and uplift of mineral dust in the lee of nearby mountains. The thermally forced meso‐γ scale adjustment processes, which occurred in the canyons/small valleys, may have been the cause of numerous observed dust streaks leading to the entry of the dust into the atmosphere due to the presence of significant vertical motion and TKE generation. This study points to the importance of meso‐β to meso‐γ scale adjustment processes at low atmospheric levels due to an imbalance within the exit region of an upper level jet streak for the formation of severe dust storms. The low level TKE, which is one of the prerequisites to deflate the dust from the surface, cannot be detected with the low resolution data sets; so our results show that a high spatial resolution is required for better representing TKE as a proxy for dust emission.
A Wideband Cross Polarization Conversion Using Metasurface
Authors: Bhattacharyya Somak , Ghosh Saptarshi , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav
Published: November 2017

A cross polarization conversion (CPC) structure using metasurface over wide bandwidth has been presented for practical applications in this article. The unit cell of the proposed metasurface is made of metallic patch of single circular split‐ring imprinted on top surface of a metal‐backed single‐layer dielectric substrate. Full width at half maxima bandwidth of polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of 11.12 GHz is realized along with wide bandwidth of 9.92 GHz extending from 6.06 GHz to 15.98 GHz with more than 0.8 PCR magnitude is realized using suitable optimization of the geometrical dimensions. Four distinct PCR peaks are observed at 6.56 GHz, 10.38 GHz, 15.12 GHz, and 16.68 GHz. The polarization conversion phenomena at these four frequencies have been analyzed in the light of electromagnetic resonances. The roles of several geometrical parameters of the design are simultaneously investigated. The proposed structure has been studied under oblique incidence, both for transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. Wideband polarization conversion characteristics up to 45° incident angles have been observed for both cases. A prototype of the proposed metasurface is fabricated, and experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated responses. The proposed structure is ultrathin; ~λ/11.8 with respect to the center frequency of the CPC bandwidth.
Late Eocene Uplift of the Al Hajar Mountains, Oman, Supported by Stratigraphy and Low‐Temperature Thermochronology
Authors: Hansman Reuben J. , Ring Uwe , Thomson Stuart N. , den Brok Bas , Stübner Konstanze
Published: November 2017

Uplift of the Al Hajar Mountains in Oman has been related to either Late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction or the Neogene Zagros collision. To test these hypotheses, the cooling of the central Al Hajar Mountains is constrained by 10 apatite (U‐Th)/He (AHe), 15 fission track (AFT), and four zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) sample ages. These data show differential cooling between the two major structural culminations of the mountains. In the 3 km high Jabal Akhdar culmination AHe single‐grain ages range between 39 ± 2 Ma and 10 ± 1 Ma (2σ errors), AFT ages range from 51 ± 8 Ma to 32 ± 4 Ma, and ZHe single‐grain ages range from 62 ± 3 Ma to 39 ± 2 Ma. In the 2 km high Saih Hatat culmination AHe ages range from 26 ± 4 to 12 ± 4 Ma, AFT ages from 73 ± 19 Ma to 57 ± 8 Ma, and ZHe single‐grain ages from 81 ± 4 Ma to 58 ± 3 Ma. Thermal modeling demonstrates that cooling associated with uplift and erosion initiated at 40 Ma, indicating that uplift occurred 30 Myr after ophiolite obduction and at least 10 Myr before the Zagros collision. Therefore, this uplift cannot be related to either event. We propose that crustal thickening supporting the topography of the Al Hajar Mountains was caused by a slowdown of Makran subduction and that north Oman took up the residual fraction of N‐S convergence between Arabia and Eurasia.
Active Magmatic Underplating in Western Eger Rift, Central Europe
Authors: Hrubcová Pavla , Geissler Wolfram H. , Bräuer Karin , Vavryčuk Václav , Tomek Čestmír , Kämpf Horst
Published: November 2017

The Eger Rift is an active element of the European Cenozoic Rift System associated with intense Cenozoic intraplate alkaline volcanism and system of sedimentary basins. The intracontinental Cheb Basin at its western part displays geodynamic activity with fluid emanations, persistent seismicity, Cenozoic volcanism, and neotectonic crustal movements at the intersections of major intraplate faults. In this paper, we study detailed geometry of the crust/mantle boundary and its possible origin in the western Eger Rift. We review existing seismic and seismological studies, provide new interpretation of the reflection profile 9HR, and supplement it by new results from local seismicity. We identify significant lateral variations of the high‐velocity lower crust and relate them to the distribution and chemical status of mantle‐derived fluids and to xenolith studies from corresponding depths. New interpretation based on combined seismic and isotope study points to a local‐scale magmatic emplacement at the base of the continental crust within a new rift environment. This concept of magmatic underplating is supported by detecting two types of the lower crust: a high‐velocity lower crust with pronounced reflectivity and a high‐velocity reflection‐free lower crust. The character of the underplated material enables to differentiate timing and tectonic setting of two episodes with different times of origin of underplating events. The lower crust with high reflectivity evidences magmatic underplating west of the Eger Rift of the Late Variscan age. The reflection‐free lower crust together with a strong reflector at its top at depths of ~28–30 km forms a magma body indicating magmatic underplating of the late Cenozoic (middle and upper Miocene) to recent. Spatial and temporal relations to recent geodynamic processes suggest active magmatic underplating in the intracontinental setting.
A Reply to the Comment on “Assessing Discrepancies Between Previous Plate Kinematic Models of Mesozoic Iberia and Their Constraints” by Barnett‐Moore Et Al.
Authors: Barnett‐Moore N. , Font E. , Neres M.
Published: November 2017

We welcome the comments of van Hinsbergen et al. (2017) on the recent efforts of Barnett‐Moore et al. (2016). Specifically, van Hinsbergen et al. (2017) raise concerns about two of the major conclusions made by Barnett‐Moore et al. (2016). First, Barnett‐Moore et al. (2016) choose to negate the Cretaceous Iberian paleomagnetic database as a viable plate kinematic constraint on the plate motions of Mesozoic Iberia. This conclusion, criticized by van Hinsbergen et al. (2017), was based on citing the previous efforts of Neres et al. (2012, 2013), which exposed several shortcomings, elaborated on below, within this data set. Second, van Hinsbergen et al. (2017) criticize Barnett‐Moore et al. (2016) for dismissing mantle tomographic interpretations in support of a preserved Cretaceous Pyrenean “subducted slab” beneath northern Africa. Below, we have addressed each of these major criticisms from van Hinsbergen et al. (2017) in a two‐section layout, similar to their comment above.
Slip Inversion Along Inner Fore‐Arc Faults, Eastern Tohoku, Japan
Authors: Regalla Christine , Fisher Donald M. , Kirby Eric , Oakley David , Taylor Stephanie
Published: November 2017

The kinematics of deformation in the overriding plate of convergent margins may vary across timescales ranging from a single seismic cycle to many millions of years. In Northeast Japan, a network of active faults has accommodated contraction across the arc since the Pliocene, but several faults located along the inner fore arc experienced extensional aftershocks following the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake, opposite that predicted from the geologic record. This observation suggests that fore‐arc faults may be favorable for stress triggering and slip inversion, but the geometry and deformation history of these fault systems are poorly constrained. Here we document the Neogene kinematics and subsurface geometry of three prominent fore‐arc faults in Tohoku, Japan. Geologic mapping and dating of growth strata provide evidence for a 5.6–2.2 Ma initiation of Plio‐Quaternary contraction along the Oritsume, Noheji, and Futaba Faults and an earlier phase of Miocene extension from 25 to 15 Ma along the Oritsume and Futaba Faults associated with the opening of the Sea of Japan. Kinematic modeling indicates that these faults have listric geometries, with ramps that dip ~40–65°W and sole into subhorizontal detachments at 6–10 km depth. These fault systems can experience both normal and thrust sense slip if they are mechanically weak relative to the surrounding crust. We suggest that the inversion history of Northeast Japan primed the fore arc with a network of weak faults mechanically and geometrically favorable for slip inversion over geologic timescales and in response to secular variations in stress state associated with the megathrust seismic cycle.
Work Optimization Predicts the Evolution of Extensional Step Overs Within Anisotropic Host Rock: Implications for the San Pablo Bay, CA
Authors: McBeck Jessica , Cooke Michele , Madden Elizabeth
Published: November 2017

Recent geophysical imaging indicates that the Hayward Fault hard links to the Rodgers Creek Fault at 5 m depth within the San Pablo Bay, CA, suggesting that earthquakes may be able to rupture continuously through the fault network. To investigate fault propagation, interaction, and linkage in segmented fault networks, including those within the San Pablo Bay, we simulate the development of two idealized, underlapping faults within an extensional step over at seismogenic depths using work optimization. We test the sensitivity of fault growth to strength anisotropy, material heterogeneities, and initial fault geometry. The optimal faults propagate toward each other until linking with the other fault at its tip and form a single hard‐linked transverse fault. These faults propagate with relatively high propagation power or rate of efficiency gain. Less efficient faults form wider basins and develop with reduced propagation power. Models with initial fault geometries that more closely match the shallowly imaged Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults suggest that the faults link at seismogenic depths if a mapped segment of the Rodgers Creek that extends into the San Pablo Bay is currently inactive. Predictions of average slip rate, slip per earthquake, and earthquake magnitude from these models closely match paleoseismic estimates. The hard linkage of the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults imaged in the near‐surface, and predicted by these models, increases local seismic hazard by increasing the upper limit of throughgoing earthquakes toM7.6.
Nucleophilic Arylation of N,O‐Ketene Acetals with Triaryl Aluminum Reagents: Access to α‐Aryl Amides through an Umpolung Process
Authors: Takeda Norihiko , Futaki Erika , Kobori Yukiko , Ueda Masafumi , Miyata Okiko
Published: November 2017

A novel approach for the umpolung α‐arylation of amides is presented. By the nucleophilic phenylation of O‐silyl N,O‐ketene acetals, generated in situ from N‐alkoxy amides, a phenyl group can be introduced onto the α‐carbon atom of amides through N−O bond cleavage in a two‐step, one‐pot process. The asymmetric synthesis of α‐aryl amides through the diastereoselective arylation of a chiral N,O‐ketene acetal is also described.
Collaborative exploratory search for information filtering and large‐scale information triage
Authors: Herceg Paul M. , Allison Timothy B. , Belvin Robert S. , Tzoukermann Evelyne
Published: November 2017

Modern information seekers face dynamic streams of large‐scale heterogeneous data that are both intimidating and overwhelming. They need a strategy to filter this barrage of massive data sets, and to find all of the information responding to their information needs, despite the pressures imposed by schedules and budgets. In this applied research, we present an exploratory search strategy that allows professional information seekers to efficiently and effectively triage all of the data. We demonstrate that exploratory search is particularly useful for information filtering and large‐scale information triage, regardless of the language of the data, and regardless of the particular industry, whether finance, medical, business, government, information technology, news, or legal. Our strategy reduces a dauntingly large volume of information into a manageable, high‐precision data set, suitable for focused reading. This strategy is interdisciplinary, integrating concepts from information filtering, information triage, and exploratory search. Key aspects include advanced search software, interdisciplinary paired search, asynchronous collaborative search, attention to linguistic phenomena, and aggregated search results in the form of a search matrix or search grid. We present the positive results of a task‐oriented evaluation in a real‐world setting, discuss these results from a qualitative perspective, and share future research areas.
Metabolic profiles analysis of 1,3‐propanediol production process by Clostridium butyricum through repeated batch fermentation coupled with activated carbon adsorption
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Hui , Liu Hao‐Lin , Huang Shi‐Yang , Fu You‐Si , Fang Bai‐Shan
Published: November 2017

1,3‐propanediol production by Clostridium butyricum is a low productivity process due to the long time seed cultivation and thus hinders its industrial scale production. In the present study, repeated batch fermentation coupled with activated carbon adsorption strategy was first established which conduced not only to saving the time of seed cultivation and enhancing the productivity, but also to reducing the costs for the seed cultivation to achieve the purpose of 1,3‐propanediol continuous production. The concentration of 1,3‐propanediol from first to fourth cycle was 42.89, 45.78, 44.48, 42.39 (g/L), and the corresponding volumetric productivity was 2.14, 1.91, 1.85, 2.12 (g/L · h−1) respectively. More importantly, a relatively complete schematic diagram of the proposed metabolic pathways was firstly mapped out based on the intracellular metabolites analysis through GC‐MS. At the same time, metabolic pathway and principal components analyses were carried out to give us deep insight into metabolic state. Many metabolites occurred to response to the stress in Cycle II. Even resting body formed and lipid accumulated owing to the worsening environment in the group without activated carbon in Cycle III. Thus, it demonstrated that activated carbon provided a favorable microenvironment for Clostridium butyricum in the repeated batch fermentation process to achieve the purpose of 1,3‐propanediol continuous production.
Improved Enantioselectivity of Subtilisin Carlsberg towards Secondary Alcohols by Protein Engineering
Authors: Dorau Robin , Görbe Tamás , Svedendahl Humble Maria
Published: November 2017

Generally, the catalytic activity of subtilisin Carlsberg (SC) for transacylation reactions with secondary alcohols in organic solvent is low. Enzyme immobilization and protein engineering was performed to improve the enantioselectivity of SC towards secondary alcohols. Possible amino‐acid residues for mutagenesis were found by combining available literature data with molecular modeling. SC variants were created by site‐directed mutagenesis and were evaluated for a model transacylation reaction containing 1‐phenylethanol in THF. Variants showing high E values (>100) were found. However, the conversions were still low. A second mutation was made, and both the E values and conversions were increased. Relative to that shown by the wild type, the most successful variant, G165L/M221F, showed increased conversion (up to 36 %), enantioselectivity (E values up to 400), substrate scope, and stability in THF.
Directed Self‐Assembly in “Breath Figure” Templating of Melamine‐Based Amphiphilic Copolymers: Effect of Hydrophilic End‐Chain on Honeycomb Film Formation and Wetting
Authors: Yin Hongyao , Feng Yujun , Billon Laurent
Published: November 2017

Amphiphilic copolymers are widely used in the fabrication of hierarchically honeycomb‐structured films through a “breath figure” (BF) process because the hydrophilic block plays a key role in stabilising water templating. However, the hydrophilic monomers reported are mainly confined to acrylic acid and its derivatives, which largely limits understanding of the formation of BF arrays and the introduction of additional functions on porous films. The relationship between polymer composition, film microstructure and surface properties are also less documented. Herein, a novel melamine‐based hydrophilic moiety, N‐[3‐({3‐[(4,6‐bis{[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]amino}‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2yl)amino]propyl}(methyl)amino)propyl]methacrylamide (ANME), was incorporated into polystyrene (PS) chains by combining atom‐transfer radical polymerisation and post‐modification to afford three well‐defined end‐functionalised PS‐PANME derivatives. These polymers were used to fabricate honeycomb films through the BF technique. Both inner and outer microstructures of the films were characterised by optical microscopy, AFM and SEM. Polymer hydrophilicity is enhanced upon increasing the PANME content, which results in variation of the film microstructure and porosity, and provokes a transition from Cassie–Baxter to Wenzel behaviour. Furthermore, the surface wettability of as‐prepared honeycomb films and corresponding pillared films is mainly governed by film morphology, rather than by the properties of the polymers. Knowledge of the relationships between polymer composition and film structure, as well as surface wettability, is beneficial to design and prepare hierarchically porous films with desirable structures and properties.