bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECCURENT GIANT CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA CAUSED BY HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS IN HIV WITH HOMOSEXUAL MALE
Authors: Kusumaningsih Emy , Setyowatie Lita
Published: August 2020

Perianal giant condylomata acuminate (GCA) is a rare clinical condition associated with low-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 and 11 infections. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is one of the risk factors for GCA, that can increase the condylomata acuminate incidence and spread caused by HPV. A 28-year-old man came with a cauliflower-like mass complaint in his perianal and anal since 2 months ago. The patient did not complain of pain or itching on the mass but often bled when defecating. The patient is a male who has sex with men (MSM) and often changes partners. He has been diagnosed with HIV since 11 months ago and regularly taking anti-retroviral drugs, Efavirenz 600 mg daily. He was also diagnosed having lung tuberculosis at the same time, got 6 months treatment and was declared cured. The venereological examination of the perianal and anal region revealed erythematous and grayish stem-shaped vegetation and papules, verrucous surface, multiple, well defined, with 3 x 1.5 x 2 cm in size. A positive act of white examination was obtained. Blood tests revealed CD+4 230 cells /μL. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination for HPV obtained HPV types 6 and 11 infections. Histopathologic examination revealed acanthosis, papillomatosis, and hyperkeratotic epidermis and koilocytotic cells. The patient was treated with electrodesiccation three times but obtained mass in anal getting bigger with a size of 6 x 3 x 3 cm. Therefore, he agreed to be referred to the surgical department with an extensive surgical excision plan. Screening of GCA using PCR is not a routine examination but PCR has high sensitivity and specificity for determining the type of HPV, is useful for determining GCA prognosis and therapy, and is recommended for malignant and possible GCA recurrence detection
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring and Pharmacovigilance among Various Healthcare Professionals in India
Authors: Kumari Amrita , Haque Irfanul , Bhyan Sarita Jangra , Sreelakshmi M , Goel Nancy , Jain Aashi , Thomas Besty , Hamid Kulsoom , Chauhan Rashi
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals regarding adverse drug reaction [ADR] monitoring and pharmacovigilance [PV] in India. Materials and Methods: It was a questionnaire based cross sectional observational study. Data was collected with the help of data collection Google form that included the demographics and twenty two survey based questions. Data were analysed by using Microsoft Excel sheet, further analysed for results, including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Result: The questionnaire was filled by two hundred ten healthcare professionals in which 52.9 % were male and 47.10% of female. Most of the respondents were pharm d students (50.47%). Out of the total 91.4% responded to the definition of pharmacovigilance correctly. 87.6% participants said all ADR should be reported. 86.20% participants think Pharmacovigilance should be taught in detail to healthcare professionals. Most of the respondents (43.8%) always informed the patients about ADR while prescribing the medicines. Conclusion: Study revealed most of the participants have good knowledge about ADR and pharmacovigilance. Difficult to decide whether ADR occur or not and extra work load being major factors responsible for under reporting.
Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Patients Using Data Mining Techniques with Principal Component Analysis and K-Medoids Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Patients Using Data Mining Techniques with Principal Component Analysis and K-Medoids
Authors: Irwansyah Edy , Salim Pratama Ebiet , Ohyver Margaretha
Published: August 2020

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the world and Quoting from WHO, around 31% of deaths in the world are caused by cardiovascular diseases and more than 75% of deaths occur in developing countries. The results of patients with cardiovascular disease produce many medical records that can be used for further patient management. This study aims to develop a method of data mining by grouping patients with cardiovascular disease to determine the level of patient complications in the two clusters. The method applied is principal component analysis (PCA) which aims to reduce the dimensions of the large data available and the techniques of data mining in the form of cluster analysis which implements the K-Medoids algorithm. The results of data reduction with PCA resulted in five new components with a cumulative proportion variance of 0.8311. The five new components are implemented for cluster formation using the K-Medoids algorithm which results in the form of two clusters with a silhouette coefficient of 0.35. Combination of techniques of Data reduction by PCA and the application of the K-Medoids clustering algorithm are new ways for grouping data of patients with cardiovascular disease based on the level of patient complications in each cluster of data generated.
ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ БЕССИМПТОМНЫХ НОСИТЕЛЕЙ COVID-19 (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
Authors: Базыкина Елена , Троценко Ольга
Published: August 2020

Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции является серьезным испытанием для мировой системы здравоохранения, а контроль за развитием эпидемического процесса является одной из главных задач в борьбе с COVID-19. Данный обзор литературы освещает проблему асимптоматического течения новой коронавирусной инфекции. Представлены его варианты, распространенность в мире и активность вовлечения в эпидемический процесс SARS-CoV-2. Показано менее стойкое формирование иммунного ответа у лиц с бессимптомной формой заболевания по сравнению клиническими формами инфекции COVID-19.
Применение методов анализа и прогнозирования временных рядов эпидемиологической ситуации новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) в Тюменской области
Authors: Степанова Татьяна , Шарухо Галина , Летюшев Александр , Ребещенко Анна , Фольмер Александр , Шепоткова Анна
Published: August 2020

В работе исследуются и сравниваются подходы, относящиеся к адаптивным методам прогнозирования, способные учитывать новые условия развития эпидемического процесса COVID-19
Pembinaan Kultur Sekolah Sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Di SD Manisrejo 1 Madiun
Authors: Sari Maya kartika , Suyanti  , Budyartati Sri
Published: August 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine the development of school culture in SD Manisrejo 1 Madiun City. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Research subjects were the principal, teachers, students and parents of students. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data in this study uses the Miles and Huberman Model, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that SD Manisrejo 1 had implemented the school culture optimally with the collaboration of principals, teachers and students. School culture developed and fostered by schools is 5 S culture, courtesy and politeness culture, checking morning present or absence, morning story, read the scriptures of holy quran, morning prayer and cast praise on the prophet, multidirectional communication, and cultural love. The characters that are grown from fostering school culture are discipline, religious, social care, honesty, fond of reading, tolerance, love for the motherland/Nationalism, mutual respect, friendship, responsibility and care for the environment. The character must always be fostered continuously so that all school personnel have a noble personality.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembinaan kultur sekolah di SD Manisrejo 1 Kota Madiun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, guru, siswa dan orangtua siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian menggunakan Model Miles dan Huberman yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SD Manisrejo 1 telah menerapkan budaya sekolah dengan optimal dengan kolaborasi kepala sekolah, guru dan siswa. Kultur sekolah yang dikembangkan dan dibina oleh sekolah adalah Kultur 5 S, kultur unggah ungguh, absen pagi, morning story, tadarus pagi, doa pagi dan bersholawat, komunikasi multiarah, dan cinta budaya. Karakter yang ditumbuhkan dari pembinaan kultur sekolah yakni kedisiplinan, religius, peduli sosial, jujur, gemar membaca, toleransi, cinta tanah air, saling menghargai, bersahabat, tanggungjawab dan peduli lingkungan. Karakter tersebut harus senantiasa dibina secara kontinue agar seluruh personil sekolah berkepribadian luhur.
Pengembangan Media Ensiklopedia Bentuk dan Fungsi Tumbuhan Melatihkan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Erawati Yeny , Raharjo  , Azizah Utiya
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Encyclopedia media development research has a goal that is worth practicing the critical thinking of fourth grade students in terms of plant form and function in terms of validity, practicality, effectiveness. This type of quantitative research (R&D) model is Borg and Gall. Data collection techniques: observation, questionnaire, and test. Data analysis techniques: validity and reliability, student activities, lesson plans and critical thinking tests. The results of the Encyclopedia media validator are valid for use, tested at SDN MOJO VI / 225 with One Group Pretest-Postest Design. The results of Encyclopedia media validation> 96% valid, RPP implementation> 94% performed well with the Discovery Learning model, the effectiveness of the N-Gain critical thinking test 0.75 (high), positive response 97%. Conclusion Media Encyclopedia of Plant Form and Function is appropriate to be used to train Critical thinking.

Abstrak: Penelitian pengembangan media Ensiklopedia memiliki tujuan  yang layak melatihkan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV materi bentuk dan fungsi tumbuhan ditinjau kevalidan, kepraktisan, keefektifan. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif model (R&D) Borg and Gall. Teknik pengumpulan data: pengamatan, angket, dan tes. Teknik analisis data: validitas dan reliabilitas, aktivitas siswa, keterlaksanaan RPP dan tes berpikir kritis. Hasil validator media Ensiklopedia valid untuk digunakan, diuji di SDN MOJO VI/225 dengan One Group Pretest-Postest Design. Hasil validasi media Ensiklopedia >96% valid, keterlaksanaan RPP >94% terlaksana baik dengan model Discovery Learning,  keefektifan tes berpikir kritis N-Gain 0,75 (tinggi), respon positif 97%. Kesimpulan media Ensiklopedia Bentuk dan Fungsi Tumbuhan layak digunakan melatihkan berpikir Kritis.
Study of Degradable Fibers with and without Guar Gum as a Proppant Transport Agent Using Large-Scale Slot Equipment
Authors: Kim Jung Yong , Zhou Lijun , Morita Nobuo
Published: August 2020

Hydraulic fracturing with slickwater is a common practice in developing unconventional resources in North America. The proppant placement in the fractures largely determines the productivity of the well because it affects the conductivity of fractures. Despite the wide use of slickwater fracturing and the importance of proppant placement, the proppant transport is still not fully understood, and the efficiency of the proppant placement is mostly bound to the changes to proppant properties, friction reducers, and guar technology. Although the degradable fiber is currently used in some cases, it has not been well investigated. In this experimental study, we conducted a proppant transport experiment using different fluid compositions of fiber and guar gum in three types of proppant transport slot equipment. After the experiments, simulation was conducted with the commercial fracture software StimPlan™ (NSI Technologies 2020) to simulate and compare the fracture fluid performance with and without the fibers. The results indicate that using degradable fibers with or without the guar gum as a viscosifier can produce a fracture slurry applicable in both conventional and unconventional fracturing operations, helping proppant placement in the reservoir.
Challenges and Potentials for Sand and Flow Control and Management in the Sandstone Oil Fields of Kazakhstan: A Literature Review
Authors: Soroush Mohammad , Roostaei Morteza , Hosseini Seyed Abolhassan , Mohammadtabar Mohammad , Pourafshary Peyman , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Ghalambor Ali , Fattahpour Vahidoddin
Published: August 2020

Kazakhstan owns one of the largest global oil reserves (approximately 3%). This paper aims at investigating the challenges and potentials for production from weakly consolidated and unconsolidated oil sandstone reserves in Kazakhstan.

We used the published information in the literature, especially those including comparative studies between Kazakhstan and North America. Weakly consolidated and unconsolidated oil reserves in Kazakhstan were studied in terms of the depth, pay-zone thickness, viscosity, particle-size distribution (PSD), clay content, porosity, permeability, gas cap, bottomwater, mineralogy, solution gas, oil saturation, and homogeneity of the pay zone. The previous and current experiences in developing these reserves were outlined. The stress condition was also discussed. Furthermore, the geological condition, including the existing structures, layers, and formations, were addressed for different reserves.

Weakly consolidated heavy-oil reserves in shallow depths (less than 500-m true vertical depth) with oil viscosity of approximately 500 cp and thin pay zones (less than 10 m) have been successfully produced using cold methods; however, thicker zones could be produced using thermal options. Sand management is the main challenge in cold operations, while sand control is the main challenge in thermal operations. Tectonic history is more critical compared with the similar cases in North America. The complicated tectonic history necessitates geomechanical models to strategize the sand control, especially in cased and perforated completions. These models are usually avoided in North America because of the less-problematic conditions. Further investigation has shown that inflow-control devices (ICDs) could be used to limit the water breakthrough, because water coning is a common problem that begins and intensifies the sanding.

This paper provides a review on challenges and potentials for sand control and sand management in heavy-oil reserves of Kazakhstan, which could be used as a guideline for service companies and operators. This paper could be also used as an initial step for further investigations regarding the sand control and sand management in Kazakhstan.
Stranded Nation with Stranded Resources: Sustainability Imperatives for Nigeria
Authors: Ite Uwem
Published: August 2020

The global transition from a high-carbon economy to a low-carbon economy is well underway. Major players in the oil and gas sector are already re-aligning their business strategies towards a low-carbon economy framework. This paper examines the broad implications of the changing global energy landscape for Nigeria, a country heavily dependent on its vast wealth oil and gas reserves to drive national development. Using a combination of current thinking and debates on stranded assets, stranded resources, resource curse thesis and rentier state theory, the paper argues that Nigeria has the potential to become a stranded nation with stranded resources, with significant implications for national sustainable development aspirations. The sustainability imperatives for Nigeria include accelerated economic diversification; transparency in internalization of costs, as well as equity in the distribution of benefits among stakeholders in the Nigerian oil and gas industry.
Techno-Economic Comparison of Self-Lift and Gas-Lift Slug Mitigation in Deepwater
Authors: Fred Fikemi , Okereke Ndubuisi , Kara Fuat , Onwukwe Stanley , Ehinmowo Adegboyega , Baba Yahaya , Nwanwe Onyebuchi , Odo Jude
Published: August 2020

With the most recent down turn in the oil industry, there is an urgent need to optimize production from deepwater oil fields. Adopting a technically sound and cost-effective severe slug mitigation technique is very important. In this work, a sample deepwater oil field in West-Africa operating at over 1000m water depth, currently operating at over 150,000 bbl/d and with an oil API of 47 °, GOR of 385.91 Sm3/Sm3 and a water-cut of over 10%; experienced slugging during it’s early life. This slugging scenario was modelled and subsequently fine-tuned to severe slugging by moderating the flow rates. Self-lift and Gas-lift were then separately applied to mitigate the severe slugging scenario. The results of this work highlighted that the self-lift technique proves effective for valve openings of 0.85, 0.65 and 0.35 for a 4 inch and 3 inch diameter bypass line. The gas lift technique proved effective with increased mass flow rate from 7kg/s and 12kg/s. Although both techniques mitigated the severe slug, the power consumption required by the gas lift technique for 12kg/s the best scenario proved to be huge at about 75,921,254.54 kw and at over $10,000,000 (USD) cost. This was not the case with the self-lift technique which required no external power source for its functionality.
Automated Volume Measurement, Adulteration Detection, and Tracking of Petroleum Products
Authors: Ejofodomi O'tega , Ofualagba Godswill
Published: August 2020

The quantity of crude oil, petrol, diesel, or kerosene stored in storage tanks by the refineries, bulk oil terminals/depots, bulk consumers and petrol pumps is measured by taking the "dip" or height of the product in the tank. The process is manual, and open to theft, manipulation, and inaccurate reporting. Furthermore, petroleum products adulteration is another major challenge as there are no devices capable of detecting adulteration at point of sale (POS) terminals. A significant volume of petroleum products in Nigeria are being diverted and adulterated by corrupt officials to create artificial scarcity or smuggle to neighbouring countries to earn higher profits. The Petroleum Product Volume Estimator and Tracker (PPVET) is a portable electronic device that automatically measures the volume of a petroleum product contained with a receptacle, be it calibrated or uncalibrated. PPVET is also capable of detecting and identifying pure petroleum products, and tracking petroleum products during transportation.

The Petroleum Product Volume Estimator and Tracker has been designed, built, and tested in Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria. The unit accurately measured 9 L of kerosene in a vertical cylinder with a measurement error of 2.2%. The system also demonstrated the ability to distinguish between pure crude oil, diesel, kerosene and petrol, based on their chemical signature data from gas vapor emissions. PPVET demonstrated the ability to track the transportation of a petroleum product along an authorized route, to detect when the product was being diverted outside the authorized route, and to alert the appropriate authorities on the diversion occurence and the GPS location of the diversion.

Future work includes testing the system for automated volume measurement of underground storage tanks and petroleum product tankers, testing the PPVET's ability to detect adulterated petroleum products and to quantity the level of adulteration present in a given petroleum product, and testing the PPVET product tracking capability on a petroleum tanker transporting petroleum products across the country.
Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Vandalism Detection System
Authors: Ofualagba Godswill , Ejofodomi O'tega
Published: August 2020

Oil Pipeline Vandalism is the act of drilling into the pipelines with the intent to steal the products. Between 2010 and 2012, a total of 2,787 line breaks were reported on pipelines belonging to the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), resulting in a loss of 157.81 metric tonnes of petroleum products worth about N12.53 billion. Nigeria's Oil and Gas pipelines need to be monitored constantly and continuously to stop these pipeline attacks before damage to the pipelines are sustained and the petroleum products is illegally accessed and siphoned off.

The Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Protector works by detecting the earth vibration signals unique to ground digging and pipeline breakage using custom designed sensing units (SUs). A single SU of the Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Protector consists of geophones, an Arduino Mega Board, a GSM/GPRS/GPS shield, a Lora Communication Shield and a Lithium Battery Pack enclosed in a sealed anti-corrosion case. SUs are buried underneath the ground, above the buried pipeline, and are spaced 200 m apart. Acquired seismic signals are processed by the Arduino Mega controller board using a customized algorithm that quantifies the activities going on at the surface of the earth into threatening activities (e.g. digging and drilling), and non-threatening activities (e.g. walking and running). After detecting a threatening activity, the SU sends an alert message to the mobile phones of the patrol officers in patrol cars spaced 20 km apart on the pipeline route., and to dedicated control centres.

Testing of the Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Protector has been conducted in Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria. The system demonstrated the ability to detect a vandal digging within 20 seconds of the activity's commencement. The system also demonstrated the ability to alert the appropriate authorities via text messages containing the date, time, type of activity detected, alarm confidence rate, GPS location and driving directions to the vandalization site. Future work includes the integration of a line of sight (LOS) drone to assist local authorities in navigating and mobilizing to the vandalization site with the appropriate number of armed personnel to handle the vandals. The system will also be deployed to provide constant monitoring of a buried oil and gas pipeline at the Federal University of Petroleum Resources for further data gathering, testing and analysis.
Evaluation of Continuous Surfactant Flooding in North East Africa: Case Study of Bentiu Reservoir
Authors: Elhag Hani Hago , Abbas Azza Hashim , Gbadamosi Afeez , Agi Augustine , Oseh Jeffrey , Gbonhinbor Jeffrey
Published: August 2020

Recently, continuous surfactant flooding (CSF) has been devised as an improvement to overcome the limitation of conventional surfactant flooding (SF). The utilization of CSF depends on several factors such as surfactant type and reservoir characteristics. This study performs the feasibility study of utilizing CSF for a marginal field of Bentiu reservoir in Sudan with a production history of 20 years. The reservoir is moderately heterogeneous reservoir. Thirty-six (36) cores from the natural reservoir extension of its most effective basin were evaluated. The evaluation focused on the role of core properties such as porosity and permeability on CSF. The comparison of the results was benchmarked by water flooding and the conventional surfactant flooding. Numerical simulation CMG STARS was used to perform the sensitivity analysis on the core scale. The results of the study showed 5 main ranges of the cores available after grouping. The highest recovery factor of water flooding was in the range of 48 (+/- 1.3%). There were no significant changes in the cumulative oil produced; however, the core physical properties affected the duration needed to reach the production plateau. For CSF, the highest recovery was in the fourth group of cores. In term of water cut, the percentages declined slightly with a range of 0.01 to 0.09 % with lowest percentage value water cut recorded at 99.90% and the highest result of 99.99%. Moreover, the recovery factor reached up to 45.80% using water flooding method and increased up to 90.41 % in CSF method. The remaining oil saturation reached to 0.35 during water flooding and dropped to 0.061 during the CSF. Moreover, the result obtained in CSF which indicates that the optimum porosity and permeability range of 0.26 to 0.29 in porosity and 390 to 2220 mD in permeability is the suitable range to be implemented in continuous surfactant application. Hence, based on the obtained results, CSF shows promising effects for use in marginal oil fields.
Managing Subsurface Safety Valve in Oil and Gas Well for Optimal Production
Authors: Nwankwo Kenechukwu , Iwuoha Obioma
Published: August 2020

Production sustainability from oil and gas wells could be an uphill task when there is a need to constantly monitor Subsurface safety valves for optimal functionality. It's always a standard practice that surface safety valves are tested on specific periods safe enough to ensure well's safety is not compromised. Surface controlled subsurface safety valves are also tested with same objective.

Many Production Engineers are ignorant of the fact that the subsurface safety valve affect well productivity through drop in hydrostatic pressure across valve for Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve (SCSSV) and the Sub-Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valves (SSCSV) additionally causes drop in fluid flow across valves in the process of sensing fluid velocity across valve.

In this Paper, A case by case analysis was performed on the various sub-surface safety valves for producing wells with the view of minimizing friction to flow of well fluids which affects performance which in turn minimizes production restriction. Efficiency of different type of subsurface safety valves where evaluated and compared and business cases where made on the most attractive option.

Periodic testing or inspection of valves was analyzed, and best routine testing time proffered with reasons to wells performance. The advantages and disadvantage of different valve options were also discussed to recommend a workable valve option for Uninterrupted well flow. Flow assurance and flow stability considerations were also made to ensure no unwanted valve closure occurs.

A Stable and uninterrupted production was realized for five wells using this analytical method and the total productivity increase was about 1,200 BOPD for the five wells. Addressed wax blockage valve/sticky flapper problems to enable the SCSSV four wells function. The SSCSV of the last well caused flow assurance challenges which was addressed by surface choke bean optimization.
Experience of management of anorexia nervosa patients with extremely severe malnutrition in a transdisciplinary eating disorders inpatient unit
Authors: Guinhut Marie , Melchior Jean-Claude , Godart Nathalie , Hanachi Mouna
Published: August 2020

Background: The question of where to hospitalize extremely malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) is a real dilemma. On one hand, psychiatrists have to deal with severe medical complications that are not within their competences and that justify hospitalization in an internal medicine ward. On the other hand, medical doctors have to face psychic decompensations that would justify admission to a psychiatric ward. In this context, we share our experience of management of severely malnourished AN adult patients in a transdisciplinary specialized eating disorders (ED) unit, referral center for AN associated with somatic severity.Method: First, we described the modalities of care proposed to patients with AN hospitalized in the medical unit. Intensive medical care, both somatic and psychiatric, are provided thanks to a transdisciplinary therapeutic program, where objectives are to: medically stabilize the patient, initiate progressive refeeding and start supportive psychotherapy before being transferred to a psychiatric ED unit. Secondly, we conducted a retrospective descriptive study that included all adult patients with AN admitted for the first time to the unit, between November 1997 and January 2014, for severe malnutrition and/or complications of the ED. Objective was to specify patients characteristics: demographic, nutritional status, history of ED, care pathway. Finally we discussed the value of such a unit.Results: Among a cohort of 386 adult patients with AN (21 males and 365 females) admitted for the first time in the unit, mean age was 29.4 (± 11.5) years, mean BMI was 12.7 (± 2.2) kg/m². Before being supported in the unit, 78.2% of patients had already been hospitalized in other hospitals. Mean length of stay was 35.2 days. Patients were clinically serious and unstable because of life-threatening somatic complications due to a low BMI. During hospital stay, a temporary transfer to medical intensive care unit was necessary for 25.6% of patients. Average patient weight gain was 0.777 kg per week and 81.9% of patients benefited from enteral nutrition.Conclusion: This specialized transdisciplinary unit where physician nutritionists and psychiatrists coordinate medical care together, allow a better understanding and management of extreme malnutrition associated with AN. Thanks to their expertise, care teams are less critical and less rejecting towards patients. Thus, therapeutic alliance could be optimized.
Detection of a novel PAX6 mutation in a Chinese family with multiple ocular abnormalities
Authors: Ouyang Junyi , Cai Ziyan , Guo Yinjie , Nie Fen , Cao Mengdan , Duan Xuanchu
Published: August 2020

Background Aniridia is a congenital,panocular disease affecting the cornea,anterior chamber angle,iris,lens,retina and optic nerve.PAX6 loss-of-function mutations were the most common cause of aniridia.Mutations throughout the PAX6 gene have been linked to a range of ophthalmic abnormalities,with distinct mutations at a given site within this gene leading to distinct phenotypic findings.This study aimed to characterize genetic mutations associated with congenital aniridia in a Chinese family.MethodsThe proband and the proband’s brother of this family underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations as well as exome sequencing,with Next Generation Sequencing being used to confirm these results.Results A novel mutation(c.114_119delinsAATTTCC:p.Pro39fs)in the PAX6 gene was identified in subjects III-2 and III-3 in these family,and both of these subjects exhibited completeaniridia,cataracts,glaucoma,high myopia,and foveal hypoplasia.Conclusions We identified a novel PAX6 frameshift heterozygous deletion mutation in a Chinese family and determined that this mutation was a probable cause of various eye abnormalities in carriers.
Evaluation of the possible Immunomodulatory and Neuroprotective effects of γ-irradiated basil (Ocimum basilicum) against arsenic toxicity in rats
Authors: Osman Nadia N. , Amjad Batoul S , Ghazwani Aishah H. , Balamash Khadijah S.
Published: August 2020

In view of the widespread incidence of arsenic poisoning around the world, it was necessary to study this phenomenon and analyze it to find out how to treat it through the application of alternative medicine, which has spread its use significantly in the world using herbs and plants. Gamma irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment of food and herbal materials is increasingly recognized throughout the world by improving their hygienic quality. The aims of this study to evaluate the therapeutic effect of raw or irradiated basil on rats exposed to arsenic toxicity. Basil was irradiated by gamma rays at dose 10 KGy. Forty-eight adult Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups as follows group-1: Control group, group-2: received 400 mg/ kg of aqueous extract of basil, group-3: received 400 mg/ kg of aqueous extract of irradiated basil, group- 4: received 10 mg/kg of sodium arsenate solution, group- 5: received 10 mg/kg of sodium arsenate solution and 400 mg/ kg of aqueous extract of basil, and group- 6: received 10 mg/kg of sodium arsenate solution and 400 mg/ kg of aqueous extract of irradiated basil. At the end of the experiment (5 weeks), the rats were sacrificed, blood and brain tissue samples were subjected to estimate of the following: CBC, inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α, and IL6), immunoglobulin markers (IgA, IgG, IgM), and the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant in brain tissue (MDA, CAT, SOD, and GSH). The results showed a rise in the antioxidant of basil after the irradiation process. The arsenic caused a significant decreased in levels of HB, RBC, LYM, NEU and PLT, while the increased levels of WBC and reticulocyte count as compared to the control group. Also, the rats exposed to arsenic showed a significant increase in inflammatory markers, immunoglobulin markers in serum, and oxidative stress accompanied with significant decreased in antioxidant in the brain. In contrast, the administration of basil extract along with arsenic was a helpful factor in alleviation of these side effects. In conclusion, our findings showed that the irradiation process enhanced antioxidants in basil plants. Furthermore, basil has ability to attenuated arsenic toxicity.
Prevalence of Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Adult People Living with HIV/AIDS and on ART in Achefer District, North West Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Wasihun Yosef , Yayehrad Mengistu , Dagne Samuel , Menber Yonatan , Awoke Tadesse , Nega Girma
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the major public health Problem worldwide and its epidemic is occurring in populations where malnutrition is already endemic. Ethiopia is among the countries most affected by under nutrition and HIV epidemic in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of under nutrition and associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS and on ART in Achefer Woreda, North West Ethiopia.Methods and Materials: Institution based cross sectional study design was used and conducted from May 01–30/2015. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects and the data was collected using clinical assessment, measurements and interviewer administered questionnaire. To identify independent predictors of under nutrition of adult people living with HIV/AIDS and on ART, we performed multivariable logistic regression analyses using SPSS version 20 with CI of 95% at p-value < 0. 05.Result: Three hundred fifty HIV/AIDS on ART patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of under nutrition was 26.9% and females were most affected 57 (18.1%). Anti-retroviral treatment duration of 6-11months and 12–24 months (AOR = 4.72, 95% CI, 1.10-20.35) and (AOR = 6.93, 95% CI, 1.614–29.754) respectively, WHO Stage two and three (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI,1.061–8.534) and (AOR = 12.56, 95% CI, 4.27–36.99) respectively and dietary counseling (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI, .05-.78) were significantly associated with under nutrition.Conclusion and Recommendation: Undernutrition was high in PLWHA and on ART. ART duration, WHO clinical staging, presence of eating problem and dietary counselling were the predictors for under nutrition of HIV patients on ART. Only increasing access to ART can’t solve problem of under nutrition, therefore nutrition therapy and support, site expansion also as an accessory to the initiation of ART should be considered.
Autophagic Flux Impairment Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Diabetes Through Atg5/LAMP2 Cleavage by Calpains
Authors: Guan Lichun , Yu Ziqin , Che Zhimei , Zhang Hang , Yu Yong , Yang Dicheng , Chen Ruizhen , Yu Min
Published: August 2020

Background: is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which has negative effects on cardiac revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This study focused on the role of autophagic flux in regulating susceptibility of STZ-induced diabetic heart to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We established STZ-induced diabetes mice and perform I/R process by coronary artery ligation, and neonatal mice cardiomyocytes culture subjected to high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R). Results: Diabetic heart was more sensitive to I/R injury. Autophagic flux, represented by TEM, relative LC3Ⅱ changes under CQ intervention and P62 expression, was impaired in diabetic hearts and deteriorated during subsequent I/R. Calpains were activated in diabetic I/R heart, and the inhibition of calpains partially rescued autophagic flux, cardiac function, and cell death. The expression of autophagic flux related proteins Atg5 and LAMP2 decreased significantly in diabetic I/R heart. Further studies suggested that calpain could cleave Atg5 and LAMP2, and generate cleaved fragments, which might be reversed by calpain inhibition. Inhibition of calpain，or in company with overexpression of Atg5 and LAMP2 , could reduce myocardial injury in diabetic heart subject to I/R. But overexpression of Atg5 alone could worsen the I/R injury. Conclusion: In conclusion, calpain-mediated cleavage of Atg5 and LAMP2 accounts for the impaired autophagic flux which increases the susceptibility to myocardial I/R injury in experimental diabetic mice.
Diet-cariogenicity and Health-fullness Index (DCHI) - a Novel, Comprehensive Index for Children; Rational and Development
Authors: Shanbhog Raghavendra , HP Chanchala , KT Srilatha , B Madhushree , SN Manjunatha
Published: August 2020

Background:Tailored, realistic dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. Appropriate diet analysis forms the bases for precise dietary advice. Analysis of diet for its cariogenicity is a complex process. Performing meaningful diet analysis is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Currently, a very few tools are available for researchers or clinicians to assess children’s diet, as it relates to caries risk. To best of our knowledge an index that helps clinician to reduce composite diet dairy information to a simple quantifiable interpretation is lacking. The current scientific paper presents a novel index that assesses the cariogenicity and health-fullness of child’s diet objectively and guides the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification in prevention of Dental caries.Methods:A team comprised of specialist from Division of Pediatric dentistry, Community medicine and Diet and Nutrition along with a pilot parent-child population of number 50 were involved in initial structuring of Diet-Cariogenicity and Health-fullness Index. To obtain cut off values for cariogenicity of diet score a study was carried out with sample of 774 children correlating diet dairy with caries status. The receiver operating characteristic curve closest to the ideal of 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was applied for statestical analysis.Results:Receiver Operating Characteristic curves plotted was 22.5 for diet scores for its cariogenicity. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of these cut-off values were 70 and 95.Conclusions:The current scientific paper presents a novel Diet-Cariogenicity and Health-fullness Index that assesses the cariogenicity and health-fullness of child’s diet objectively so as to guide the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification.
A novel seven-microRNA signature predicts prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jiang Shengying , Xie Xiaoli , Jiang Hui-Qing
Published: August 2020

Background Colorectal carcinoma, primarily colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA), is one of the most common malignancies, ranking third, while contributing the second cause of cancer death in the world. MicroRNAs, a type of non-coding RNA, play an important role in regulating cancer-related cell biology. To simply and accurately predict survival risk for CRA patients, we identified a novel seven-miRNA signature. The microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles along with clinical data of 512 CRA patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and 415 patients with complete clinical information were further divided into training set and test set randomly. To construct the prognostic signature in the training set, a series of Cox regression analyses were performed, including univariate regression, least absolute shrinkage and selectionator operator (LASSO) - Cox regression, and multivariate regression. Results Seven predictive miRNAs (miR-153-2, miR-3199-2, miR-144, miR-887, miR-561, miR-3684, and miR-505) were ultimately screened. The ROC curves for 5-year survival in the training set, test set and entire set were 0.889, 0.742, and 0.816, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis results of the three sets all showed p <0.05. Further analyses demonstrated that the signature was an independent prognostic risk factor for CRA patients, and its predictive ability was superior to age and TNM stage. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that p53 and ErbB pathways were related to the prognostic regulation of miRNAs in the signature in CRA patients.Conclusion Our study demonstrated the potential of this novel seven-miRNA signature to independently predict overall survival in patients with CRA. Functional enrichment analysis further revealed the possible regulatory role of miRNAs in the signature in CRA-related cell biological processes and signaling pathways.
Perioperative Diabetes Insipidus: Report of two unusual cases
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Zubair Muhmmad , Nawaz Shoaib , Awan Zia , zeeshan Qazi , Marcus Lance
Published: August 2020

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare clinical condition in the post-operative period. Post-surgery polyuria is a common finding, as body excretes the excessive fluid given during surgery. It is important to diagnose and differentiate the DI from post-operative polyuria, as DI can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. We report two unusual cases of perioperative DI requiring desmopressin therapy. Case1: A 46-year-old healthy male patient developed intraoperative DI leading to hypernatremia during the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol and remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI). After two hours of surgery, patient became polyuric and was passing diluted urine. He received desmopressin and hydration. Patient recovered, was transferred to the ward and discharged home without any clinical or neurological problems. Case2: 36 years healthy male patient underwent elective 3rd ventricular cyst excision. Pre-anaesthesia assessment did not reveal any comorbidities and the surgery was uneventful. His anesthesia was maintained with propofol and remifentanil TCI (target-controlled infusion). In the post-operative period, he developed DI requiring hydration and desmopressin. Patient’s further recovery was uneventful. He was discharged home through ward. Conclusion: The occurrence of DI in above mentioned surgeries is very rare. Both surgical procedure and anaesthesia medications can cause perioperative DI.
Long-Term Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Tree Functional Diversity, Trait Composition and Aboveground Biomass.
Authors: Borges Érica Rievrs , Pyles Marcela Venelli , Bueno Marcelo Leandro , Santos Rubens Manoel dos , Fontes Marco Aurélio Leite , Oliveira-Filho Ary Teixeira de
Published: August 2020

Background: Community composition on fragmented forest remnants has been shown to diverge from their natural successional path, revealing an alternative state which has been known as retrogressive succession. Here we show the long-term monitoring of a small forest fragment concerning community structure, species richness, functional diversity and composition throughout 17 years to offer a means to generalize community performance under the impacts of forest fragmentation. Results: The adult tree community showed shifts on its functional composition: reduction in species’ maximum height and percentage of simple leaves, indicating an investment in resource-acquisitive and disturbance adapted traits. However, we also found a gradual increase in wood density throughout the years for the adult community. For the overall community, functional composition analysis indicated a gradual reduction in the percentage of simple leaves and a significant increase in aboveground biomass. The decrease in Hmax and simple leaves, especially for the adult tree community, are mostly related do microenvironmental conditions caused by edge effects, as desiccation and tree canopy damage.Conclusion: Our results show that natural regeneration is being negatively affected, except for aboveground biomass. Although these findings could have resulted from a transient dynamic, they constitute a warning to future conservation policies around the ecological integrity of small forest fragments.
Priming with intranasal lactobacilli prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute pneumonia in mice.
Authors: FANGOUS Marie-Sarah , Gosset Philippe , Galakhoff Nicolas , Gouriou Stéphanie , Guilloux Charles-Antoine , Payan Christopher , Vallet Sophie , Héry-Arnaud Geneviève , Berre Rozenn Le
Published: August 2020

Background : Increasing resistance to antibiotics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to therapeutic deadlock and alternative therapies are needed. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus clinical isolates in vivo, through intranasal administration on a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.Results : We screened in vitro 50 pulmonary clinical isolates of Lactobacillus for their ability to decrease the synthesis of two QS dependent-virulence factors (elastase and pyocyanin) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1.Two blends of three Lactobacillus isolates were then tested in vivo: one with highly effective anti-PAO1 virulence factors properties (blend named L.rff for L. rhamnosus, two L. fermentum strains), and the second with no properties (blend named L.psb, for L. paracasei, L. salivarius and L. brevis). Each blend was administered intranasally to mice 18h prior to PAO1 pulmonary infection. Animal survival, bacterial loads, cytological analysis, and cytokines secretion in the lungs were evaluated at 6 or 24h post infection with PAO1. Intranasal priming with both lactobacilli blends significantly improved 7-day mice survival from 12% for the control PAO1 group to 71% and 100% for the two groups receiving L.rff and L.psb respectively. No mortality was observed for both control groups receiving either L.rff or L.psb. Additionally, the PAO1 lung clearance was significantly enhanced at 24h. A 2-log and 4-log reduction was observed in the L.rff+PAO1 and L.psb+PAO1 groups respectively, compared to the control PAO1 group. Significant reductions in neutrophil recruitment and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion were observed after lactobacilli administration compared to saline solution, whereas IL-10 production was increased. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that intranasal priming with lactobacilli acts as a prophylaxis, and avoids fatal complications caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in mice. These results were independent of in vitro anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity on QS-dependent virulence factors. Further experiments are required to identify the immune mechanism before initiating clinical trials.