bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Effects of Peer Tutoring in Mathematics in Primary Education
Authors: Moliner Lidon , Alegre Francisco , Lorenzo Gil
Published: July 2021

In this work, a literature review of peer tutoring studies in Elementary Education Mathematics has been carried out. This review has focused only on those studies in which psychological variables are analysed. The main objectives of this work have been to compile these studies, to analyse the influence of peer tutoring at a psychological level on the students and to identify those variables that influence the results obtained (type of tutoring, ages of the participants, duration of the sessions...). The final review is made up of 22 studies. Among the main conclusions obtained from its analysis, it should be noted that 16 of these 22 studies reported important improvements in the psychological variables analysed (73% effectiveness), which is a sign of the potential of this methodology. The psychological variable on which the greatest improvements were detected was that of self-concept (89% of studies with evident improvements). Although the conclusions obtained can give a good sample of the potential of this methodology on a psychological level, a series of limitations are provided in this work to be taken into account. These limitations must be taken into account when analysing these conclusions from a critical perspective.
Menstrual Patterns and Common Menstrual Problems Among Doctor of Physical Therapy Students
Authors: Waris S. , Riaz S. , Javed M. A. , Khan R. R. , Aamir T. , Sulman M.
Published: July 2021

Objective: To observe the patterns and disorders of menstruation among physiotherapy undergraduates in Lahore city. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted at Riphah International University, Lahore from January 2020 to June 2020 after obtaining ethical approval. The data was collected through convenience sampling technique from two hundred physiotherapy undergraduate students by using anonymous questionnaire containing questions related to menstrual pattern, associated symptoms and heaviness of day wise bleeding. Informed consent was taken from all participants before data collection. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS 21. Results: Menarche was found among 60% of undergraduates between the age of 13 and 14 and 24% of undergraduates between the ages of 15 and 17. A total of 71% of undergraduates had a regular menstruation cycle while 23% had irregular periods. 71% of undergraduates had a menstrual cycle of range between 21-28 days, 17% had irregular cycles, and 14% did not know how to go their menstrual duration. Most undergraduates have Bleeding for up to 1 week, with standard, medium, and restrained Bleeding. In 72% of undergraduates exploiting contains lumps, though 28.5% undergraduates do not experience exploiting. Because of their menses, 29% of undergraduates were incompetent to join university. 24% of undergraduates take leave from university because of painful menstruation whereas 9% take leave from university because of extreme blood flow. Dysmenorrhea signs were prevalent. Menses had a massive influence on societal lives and performances primarily on undergraduates. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea and regular indiscretions were communal and mostly undergraduate’s responsiveness to menstruation signs was scarce. In its outcomes, there is entail for a teaching based program on menarche and menstrual issues. Keywords: Menarche, Dysmenorrhea, Undergraduates
The effect of antifungal and Ago and Zno nanoparticles on Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: Khalaf H. Y. , Awadh H. A. , Younis H. M. , Jasim N. A. , Abass K. S.
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to determine the main species of dermatophytes which caused skin infection and effect of antifungal and Ago and Zno nanoparticles on them. The result of this study showed that out of 80 sample, 54 sample were positive to fungal isolation with ratio 67.5%. and according to culture and PCR results %8383 of isolated type belong to Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Trichophyton mentagrophytes resistant to Nystatin and Fluconazole while sensitive to Griesofulvin, Clotrimazole and Flucytosin. MIC of Ago and Zno nanoparticle against Trichophyton mentagrophytes were 250 and 275 μg /ml while MFC were 275 and 300 μg /ml respectively. Results of RAPD PCR showed that both Ago and Zno nanoparticle effect in genetic material of Trichophyton mentagrophytes Key words: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, nanoparticle, RAPD PCR
Sexual and Reproductive Health Challenges of female-headed Households, a Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Z Taghizadeh , Rad M Khoshnam
Published: July 2021

Background: Female-headed households are families in which the female is the main provider in the household. The reproductive and sexual health needs of women heads of households have been marginalized due to the high pressures that they endure. Aim: To investigate the Iranian female-supported households' sexual life challenges. Materials: This study was a qualitative study with the content analysis approach that was done amongst women head of household in Alborz, Iran. Sixteen married females participated and were interviewed deeply in a 7 months period in 2020. All interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed in verbatim. Data were collected and recorded and were encoded, then transcript and analyzed. Result: Females recruited in this study were of different socioeconomic levels. On average they have been lived 5 years with their husbands. Five key themes were extracted including unmet sexual needs, role conflict, concern about sexually transmitted diseases, unrestrained sexual activity due to irresponsibility of husbands, and sexual abuse from others under the guise of support. Conclusion: From the results, it could be concluded that not only the reproductive health needs of these women not met, but also these women's sexual life are associated with worry, threats, and discrimination. This requires serious measures to be taken by the authorities and policymakers. Keywords: Female-headed households, Challenges, Reproductive health, Qualitative study.
Problematika Seksual dan Solusinya
Authors: Aina Noor Habibah
Published: July 2021

Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi memang mempermudah segala urusan manusia. Seseorang dengan mudah mengakses berita melalui internet. Baik berupa video atau yang lainnya. Namun dibalik kemudahan itu, ada beberapa dampak negatif yang tidak boleh dilupakan. Misalnya, semakin mudah orang mengakses informasi melalui internet, semakin mudah pula mereka mendapatkan video-video negatif. Dampak dari semua itu, dalam dunia modern, terutama pada negara-negara maju, tingkat kejahatan seksual lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara-negara berkembang. Oleh sebab itu, agama harus memainkan peran agar kejahatan tersebut bisa di tanggulangi. Tulisan singkat itu mencoba menguraikan beberapa sebab kejahatan seksual yang terjadi dan menawarkan solusinya. Kesimpulan artikel ini adalah pertama langkah pencegahan agar tidak mendekati zina, kedua mengenakan h}ijab. Dalam persoalan homo-lesbi, al-Qur‟an menawarkan solusi lewat pencitraan masyarakat bahwa „hal tersebut keji‟. Kedua dengan cara menikah secara wajar, yaitu dengan lawan jenis.
MISTISISME JALAL AL-DIN AL-RUMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANNEMARIE SCHIMMEL
Authors: Mubaidi Sulaeman
Published: July 2021

Most of Orientalis misunderstood about Islam like they were made to touch an elephant, each described it according to the part of body his hands had touched: to one the elephant appeared like a throne, to another like a fan, or like water pipe, or like a pillar. Schimmel attempt to understands of Islam (sufism) very well used Phenomenology Approach, and the result is amazed the others orientalist and most of moeslem. Schimmel said The plurality of signs is necessary to veil the eternal One who is transcendent and yet ‘closer than the neck vein’ (QS 50:16). The signs show the way into His presence, where the believer may finally leave the images behind. Ru>mi one of Sufis who completed that understading passed way divine love.
STRATEGI GURU MADRASAH DALAM PEMBINAAN AKHLAK SANTRI
Authors: Muhammad Khoiri
Published: July 2021

Globalisasi dan modernisasi memang menudahkan manusia untuk berinteraksi, bekerja, mencari informasi dan sebagainya. Namun di sisi lain, globalisasi dan modernisasi membawa dampak yang seirus bagi akhlak generasi bangsa. Bagi mereka yang mampu menggunakan sisi positifnya, akan menjadikan mereka lebih cepat berkembang dan sukses. Namun di sisi lain, bagi mereka yang terkena imbasnya, akan menjadikan moral generasi bangsa rusak. Di sinilah madrasah diniyah memiliki peran yang penting dalam rangka mencetak dan memfilter arus negatif modernisasi. Artikel ini akan membahas peran-serta guru dalam mendidik siswa atau santrinya dalam bidang akhlak. Kesimpulan artikel ini adalah, cara yang dilakukan oleh guru antara lain: sahalat berjamaah, mencium tangan guru saat salaman, menambahkan pelajaran bermuatan akhlak yang dimiliki oleh para nabi dan ulama, menanamkan keikhlasan, menuliskan cita-citanya pada tempat yang strategis, mengunjungi guru atau mentor, menggelar doa bersama dan memberikan reward serta sanksi. Sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan akhlak adalah faktor internal diri sendiri, faktor eksternal dengan hal-hal lain seperti internet dan faktor lingkungan yang meliputi keluarga dan pergaulan antar sesama.
KONTRIBUSI PESANTREN DALAM REHABILITASI PECANDU NARKOBA (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Darun Najah Dawuhan Kidul Papar Kediri)
Authors: Abdur Rohman  , Siswo
Published: July 2021

Islamic boarding schools have a great kindness to this nation. Starting from the struggle to fight off the colonizers to the socio-political sphere. An example regarding contribution of Islamic boarding school in the social sphere is to become a partner of state in the rehabilitation of drug addicts. One of the Islamic boarding schools that contribute to rehabilitating drug addicts is the Darun Najah boarding school in Dawuhan Kidul, Papar, Kediri, East Java. This Islamic boarding school was made choice by BNN Kediri as a partner because it gave evidence to cure drug addicts with a relatively short time. This research concludes that the causes of people becoming drug addicts start from a free drug but it is rejected due to forbidden good, then; second, it appears curiosity and he wants to try when getting problems; third, he is addicted and forced to buy; fourth, he justifies all of ways to obtain the forbidden goods; fifth, hegashes himself and even others. While the characteristics of marijuana addict in cigarettes is to have a smell like burning rubber; the characteristic of a methamphetamine addict is laughing to himself without being funny; their situation is often confused, blank, digressing when he speaks and likes a flu. The rehabilitation process of drug addicts in Darun Najah Islamic boarding school is to combine herbal and spiritual medicine models. Herbal medicines consist of honey, olive oil and kangkung leaves. While spiritual medicines are the prayer activities in midnight, the study of classic book, prayers and having asma’ water and gurah.
The hamster and ground squirrel (Cricetus cricetus et Spermophilus odessanus) in the north of their range in Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine
Authors: Veselskyi Mykola
Published: July 2021

Hamsters and ground squirrels in the north of their geographic range in Zhytomyr Oblast are rare. Most of the known finds of both species are dated to the early 20th century and come from the forest-steppe part of the region. In recent decades, some data have been obtained mainly by surveying the local population. Sources of additional information may be local lore materials, including collections of local museums. The organization of special field research remains relevant.
ZONA ARCTICĂ, UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ ȘI SCHIMBĂRILE CLIMATICE, CA AMENINȚARE GLOBALĂ LA ADRESA SECURITĂȚII
Authors: BUŞE Mihaiela
Published: July 2021

Regiunea arctică, pe de o parte, o zonă situată atât de departe de Uniunea Europeană și, pe de altă parte, un mediu atât de ostil vieții, se află în centrul atenției puterilor lumii. Resursele, atât de necesare pentru națiuni, ‒ bogăția aflată în adâncurile solului și în ocean ‒, potențialul turismului și importanța rutelor de transport mai scurte au stârnit interesul unor actori din regiune. Uniunea Europeană a dezvoltat o politică pentru regiunea arctică. Preocupările Uniunii Europene sunt strict legate de securitate și economie sau există un orizont mult mai larg de obiective de atins?
CONFLICTUL PERSISTENT, CARACTERISTICĂ A CONCEPȚIEI DE ABORDARE A RĂZBOIULUI HIBRID ÎN MEDIUL OPERAŢIONAL EST-EUROPEAN
Authors: PETRESCU Valentin
Published: July 2021

Mediul operațional contemporan est-european reprezintă un sistem complex de actori, arme și sisteme de arme, circumstanțe și condiții care se manifestă în spații bine definite și care pot influența în mod direct deciziile de întrebuințare a capabilităților militare. Acesta poate include atât forțele și sistemele de arme inamice, neutre sau aliate, participante la conflictul persistent, cât și cultura populației, mediul fizic, resursele locale, nivelul tehnologic, factorul de decizie politică şi de execuție. Lecțiile învățate, din prima parte a acestui secol, ne-au convins că mediul operaţional est-european este destul de conflictual, în continuă transformare la nivel local şi regional, se încadrează într-un context dinamic, persistent și complex, care, combinat cu strategiile de șantaj energetic, favorizează apariția unor pericole și amenințări hibride la adresa stabilității și securității spațiului est-european. Prin acest articol, se dorește a se da un răspuns ferm și documentat unor întrebări legate de: concepția privind abordarea conflictului persistent de tip hibrid; tendința unor actori de a conferi un caracter persistent tensiunilor din zona de insecuritate est-europeană; preocuparea acestora de a menține conflictul persistent ca formă de manifestare modernă a relațiilor comunitare est-europene.
Müsilajın Çevresel Şartlada Değişen Kimyasal Karakaterizasyonunun İncelenmesi
Authors: Aksu Abdullah , Çağlar Balkıs Nuray , Taşkın Ömer S.
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, müsilajın genel kimyasal karakterizasyonunu çeşitli enstrümental teknikler ile ortaya koymak ve çevresel faktörler altındaki bozunmayı tespit etmektir Ayrıca, bu bozunmanın hangi kimyasal teknikler ile yapılabileceği ayrıntıları ile ortaya konmuştur. Bu teknikler FT-IR ile analiz sonucunda protein gruplarının incelenmesi ve glikozid bağlarının takibi gibi önemli belirteçler sunmuştur. Ayrıca, şeker gruplarının GC/MS ile tayini sonucu bozunmanın fiziksel mi yoksa biyolojik mi olduğunun tespiti edilmiştir. Yine elementel analiz ile karbon ve azot oranları ile de sonuçlar desteklenmiştir. Sonuç olarak. bakteriyel degradasyonun baskın rol oynadığı bulunmuş olup müsilajın kıyı alanlarında ve sucul ortamlarda bakteri ile temizleme çalışmalarına ışık tutatacaktır.
Deniz Yüzeyine Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemleri ile Bakış
Authors: Özsoy Burcu
Published: July 2021

Doğal ve insan kaynaklı olan ve atmosferde sera etkisi yapan karbondioksitin %25’i denizler ve okyanuslarda çözünmektedir. Atmosfere oksijen sağlayan en önemli kaynaklar ise yine okyanuslar ve denizlerdir. Denizlerin sağlıklı kalması atmosferin de sağlıklı olması için önemlidir. Dünyanın akciğerleri olan denizler ve okyanuslar küresel iklim değişikliği ile beraber diğer doğal ve insan kaynaklı faaliyetlerden de olumsuz olarak etkilenmektedirler. Dünyanın %70’inden fazlasını kaplayan denizler tamamının sürekli olarak takip edilebilmesi ise yersel ölçümlerle mümkün olmamaktadır. Yer gözlemi olarak da adlandırılan uzaktan algılama (RS), nesne veya alan ile doğrudan temas kurmadan Dünya yüzeyindeki nesneler veya alanlar hakkında bilgi elde etmeyi ifade eder. Bu sebeple uydu uzaktan algılama yöntemleri büyük alanların gözlemlenmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Su kirliliği, büyük miktarlarda yabancı ve zararlı maddenin veya doğal temizlenme mekanizmaları yoluyla ortadan kaldırılamayan maddelerin suya karışmasıyla oluşur. Nehirlerin, göllerin ve kıyıların yakınında yerleşimlerin geliştiği her yerde, atık bertaraf alanlarından kayıpların ve sızıntıların olduğu varsayılabilir. Su cepheleri ve su yolları boyunca çöp, kanalizasyon ve diğer insan faaliyetinin kaynakları yerel olarak denizel alana taşınır ve yine yerel olarak alglerin ve suda yaşayan makrofitlerin büyümesine sebebiyet verir. Ötrofikasyon olarak adlandırılan, sucul ekosistemde fazla besin maddesi bulunması durumu büyümeyi tetikler ve bu büyüme hem oksijen miktarını azaltır hem de diğer etkileri ile uzun vadede ekosistemin tamamına zarar verir. Göllerin, nehirlerin, kıyı sularının, iç ve sığ denizlerin ayrıca havzaların kalitesi; çevre etkisi ile beraber ekolojik durum, rekreasyon faaliyetleri ve küresel ekonomik hizmetler üzerinde doğrudan bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, çevresel ve ekonomik açıdan büyük öneme sahip denizler ile ilgili olarak özellikle optik sensörlerle 2021 yılında Marmara Denizi’nde kirlenme ve su kalitesine bağlı bir çevre sorunu olarak ortaya çıkan müsilajın gözlemlenmesi ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada, uydu verilerinin yersel ölçümlerle desteklenerek, sürekli gözlemlerle su kalitesinin izlenmesini, çevre felaketleri ile ilgili bir erken uyarı sistemi geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Marmara Denizindeki Müsilaj Olayının Uzaktan Algılama Teknolojileri ile Tespiti ve İzlenmesi
Authors: Kavzoğlu Taşkın , Çölkesen İsmail , Sefercik Umut Güneş
Published: July 2021

Küresel ısınmanın karasal alanlarda olduğu gibi denizlerde de doğal dengeyi bozan etkileri bulunmaktadır. Adriyatik ve Tiren denizlerinde 200 yılı aşkın süredir sıklıkla yaşanan müsilaj olayları, Marmara Denizinde ilk kez 2007 yılında gözlemlenmiş, 2021 yılı mayıs ayından itibaren ise tekrar yoğun şekilde ortaya çıkarak doğal bir felakete dönüşmüştür. Deniz yüzeyinde geniş alanlar kaplayan müsilaj, deniz altındaki canlı hayatını da ciddi şekilde tehdit etmektedir. Müsilajın alansal büyüklüğünün, yoğunluğunun, zamansal hareketinin ve deniz suyu ile arasındaki ısı farkının takibi ve sahada yürütülen temizlik çalışmalarının etkilerinin tespiti için uzaktan algılama teknolojileri etkin bir çözümdür. Periyodik olarak üretilen müsilaj dağılım haritaları, deniz yüzeyindeki toplam müsilaj hacminin hesaplanması, rehabilitasyon çalışmalarının yürütülmesi ve alınacak önlemlerin belirlenmesi başta olmak üzere birçok faaliyet için temel altlık konumundadır. Bu çalışmada, Sentinel-2 uydu görüntüsünün dört spektral bandı arasındaki ilişkiyi kullanan ‘müsilaj indeksi’ ile müsilaj kaplı alanların tespiti hedeflenmiştir. Bu indeksten faydalanılarak 14, 19 ve 24 Mayıs 2021 tarihli uydu görüntüleri için müsilaj indeks haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Sentinel-2 için tanımlanan müsilaj indeksi ile müsilaj oluşumlarının hızlı bir şekilde tespit ve analizinde önemli bir veri seti oluşturulabileceği görülmüştür. Ayrıca 17 Mayıs 2021 tarihli Landsat-8 termal uydu görüntüsü yardımıyla temiz deniz yüzeyi ve müsilaj oluşumlarının yüzey sıcaklıkları analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, müsilaj alanlarının yüzey sıcaklığının ortalama deniz yüzey sıcaklığına göre 3°C’ye kadar daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, uzaktan algılamanın erken uyarı ve hazırlık çalışmalarındaki etkinliğini ve afet riski yönetiminde vazgeçilmez bir araç olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Untuk Menentukan Penerima Bantuan RSRTLH Menggunakan metode Weight Sum Model (WSM) pada Desa Tanjung Garbus 1 Kecamatan Lubuk Pakam
Authors: Yetri Milfa
Published: July 2021

RSRTLH (Rehabilitasi Sosial Rumah Tidak Layak Huni) merupakan salah satu program bantuan yang diberikan oleh Departemen Sosial Republik Indonesia yang setiap tahunnya di adakan yang bertujuan untuk membantu mengatasi kemiskinan di Indonesia dengan cara merenovasi rumah-rumah yang tidak layak huni. Dalam hal ini Departemen Sosial Republik Indonesia telah menerapkan beberapa kriteria untuk menentukan penerima bantuan RSRTLH.Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu proses untuk menentukan RSRTLH (Rehabilitasi Sosial Rumah Tidak Layak Huni) dengan penerapan sistem yang disebut sistem pendukung keputusan. Sistem Pendukung Keputusan merupakan sistem yang membantu pengambilan keputusan untuk melengkapi informasi dari data yang telah diolah secara relevankarena juga menggunakan suatu proses perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode WSM (weight sum model). WSM (weight sum model) merupakan metode sederhana dan paling sering digunakan. Metode ini juga metode yang paling mudah untuk diaplikasikan, karena mempunyai algoritma yang tidak terlalu rumit.Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa aplikasi yang dapat membantu pegawai agar dapat memberikan bantuan RSRTLH secara tepat dan akurat berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditetapkan.
Otomatisasi Tingkat Kecerah Layar (Screen Brightness) Pada Laptop Menggunakan Teknik Komunikasi Serial Berbasis Arduino
Authors: Saniman Saniman , Pranata Ardianto
Published: July 2021

Penggunaan laptop saat ini dinilai lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan komputer. Tetapi masih ada beberapa fitur laptop yang belum optimal dalam penggunaannya. Diantaranya adalah tingkat kecerahan layar pada monitor laptop yang masih diatur secara manual oleh pengguna laptop itu sendiri. Terdapat beberapa kendala ketika ingin menggunakan fitur tersebut yang berakibat pada ketidaknyamanan pengguna. Salah satunya adalah kelelahan pada mata. Jarak yang tidak sesuai juga dapat berbahaya bagi mataDiciptakan suatu sistem yang dapat mengatur tingkat kecerahan layar monitor laptop secara otomatis serta dapat memberikan peringatan terhadap jarak aman penggunaan laptop. Dengan memanfaatkan teknik komunikasi serial. Teknik komunikasi serial digunakan sebagai komunikasi dalam sistem yaitu komunikasi yang terjadi antara arduino dan laptop. Komunikasi serial melakukan pengiriman data per-bit secara berurutan. Data yang dikirim adalah data hasil pembacaan sensor LDR dan sensor ultrasonik.Sistem ini diharapkan dapat membantu dan mempermudah dalam penggunaan laptop. Selain itu, sistem ini juga diharapakan dapat mengurangi kelelahan pada mata akibat tingkat kecerahan monitor yang tidak sesuai dan jarak penggunaan yang terlalu dekat.
Implementasi Metode Fuzzy Logic Pada Intensitas Lampu di Laboratorium Berbasis Arduino
Authors: Hafiz Afdal Al
Published: July 2021

Lampu adalah sumber penerangan yang digunakan pada saat kondisi ruangan gelap. Penerangan ruangan berpengaruh terhadap penglihatan manusia dalam  mengenali objek tertentu. Sebenarnya penggunaan lampu otomatis sudah diterapkan pada beberapa tempat atau lokasi, namun penggunaanya belum terlalu efektif. Maka dari itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengatur nyala dan padamnya lampu serta mengotomatisasi intensitas lampu yang dapat menyesuaikan kebutuhan gelap terangnya sesuai dengan keadaan ruangan. Pada penelitian ini, sistem diterapkan menggunakan sensor PIR sebagai pendeteksi objek manusia dan sensor LDR sebagai pendeteksi intensitas cahaya di luar ruangan. Pengendali yang digunakan adalah Arduino uno yang berfungsi sebagai pemproses sinyal masukan dari sensor dengan algoritma logika Fuzzy  yang kemudian menghasilkan keluaran yang dapat mengatur intensitas lampu. Hasil dari pengujian terhadap metode ini adalah Intensitas cahaya yang dihasilkan dari nyala lampu LED berbaur dengan cahaya dari luar sehingga menghasilkan cahaya ruang. kinerja dari Alat Kendali Penerangan laboratorium dengan Logika Fuzzy Berbasis Arduino uno telah bekerja dengan baik, sistem dapat membaca intensitas cahaya di luar ruangan laboratorium kemudian diolah oleh arduino uno dengan algoritma pemrograman Logika Fuzzy selanjutnya diperoleh output dari Logika Fuzzy yang berupa pengaturan tegangan menggunakan teknik PWM sehingga dapat mengatur cahaya yang dikeluarkan oleh lampu LED.
Perancangan Sistem Pendeteksi Berita Hoax Menggunakan Algoritma Levenshtein Distance Berbasis Php
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Pasaribu Aprilianda
Published: July 2021

Di era 4.0 dimana Internet menjadi bagian penting dalam kehidupan saat ini, informasi dapat dengan mudah di akses kapanpun dan dimanapun. Namun tidak seluruh informasi yang disebarkan melalui internet berupa fakta. Data yang dipaparkan oleh Kementrian Komunikasi dan Informatika berdsarkan survey yang dilakukan pada tahaun 2018 menyebut sebanyak 800.000 situs di Indonesia terindikasi penyebar berita non-fakta atau hoax. Akibat yang ditimbulkan berita hoax sangat berbahaya karena menyerang pikiran alam bawah sadar manusia, sehingga sangat dibutuhkan sistem yang dapat mendeteksi berita hoax. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan database yang berisi dokumen berita hoax. Algoritma yang diterapkan adalah algoritma TF-IDF untuk mengukur bobot suatu kata dalam dokumen hoax dan dikombinasikan dengan algoritma Levenshtein Distance (LD) untuk mengukur jarak antar kata dalam dokumen. Penerapan Metode Levenshtein Distance dalam Sistem Deteksi Hoaxmemiliki beberapa tahap yang dimulai dengan tahap pra-pemrosesan kata (prepocessing text) dilanjutkan dengan tahap perhitungan TF-IDF dankemudian tahap perhitungan jarak minimum antar kata menggunakan algoritmaLevenshtein Distance. Hasil batas 0,1 pada 40 dokumen yang sudah terklasifikasi sebagai data uji memiliki nilai Precision, Recall dan Accuracy yang tinggi, yaitu Precision1; Recall0,71;dan Accuracy80%.
Medial Meniscus Transplantation and Bone-Tendon-Bone Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Yanke Adam B. , Huddleston Hailey P. , Chahla Jorge , Cole Brian J.
Published: July 2021

Performing medial meniscus allograft transplantation in combination with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is technically demanding. Medial meniscus allograft transplantation in combination with ACL reconstruction may be indicated for patients with meniscal deficiency in whom ACL reconstruction has failed and patients with medial-sided knee pain secondary to meniscal deficiency in combination with ACL deficiency. Despite the complex nature of this combined surgical procedure, numerous studies have reported considerable clinical improvements at midterm and long-term follow-up. This technique article describes the indications, preoperative considerations, surgical technique, postoperative rehabilitation, and outcomes of medial meniscus allograft transplantation in combination with ACL reconstruction.
The Effects of Social Capital on Chinese Consumers’ Online Impulse Buying in Social Commerce Environment
Authors: Huang Yue , Suo Lu
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social capital including social interaction, shared language and trust on Chinese consumer online impulse buying in social commerce platforms. To verify the hypothesis, we surveyed the Chinese customers who have buying experiences of using social commerce by snowball sampling technique. After analyzing 548 valid data, we confirmed that three dimensions of social capital, social interaction, shared language and trust, positively affects both peer intrinsic motivation and peer extrinsic motivation. In addition, peer motivation exerts a positively impact on consumer impulse purchases on social commerce. The findings not only provide a new theoretical perspective for studying consumers' impulse buying behavior in theory, but also have important implications for the online sellers in their follower’s groups to improve online marketing.
Corporate Announcements and Market Efficiency: A Case on Indian Capital Market
Authors: Marisetty Nagendra , Madasu Pardhasaradhi
Published: July 2021

Capital markets being the backbone of the economy, are expected to be functioning efficiently. Efficiently-priced financial markets are considered a catalyst for the economic growth of the nations (Malkiel, 2010). Efficient markets are the reflection of security valuations. In an informationally efficient market, no one can beat the market and make abnormal returns based on the information because the information is instantaneously observed in the stock prices. The current paper analyses the market efficiency of three of the most popular corporate events, i.e., announcement of cash dividends, bonus issues, and stock split in the Indian context. The sample is 2253 pure cash dividend announcements (627 large-caps, 552 mid-caps, and 1074 small-caps), 152 bonus issue announcements (49 large-caps, 33 mid-caps, and 70 small-caps), and 181 stock split announcements (35 large-caps, 34 mid-caps, and 112 small-caps) were used for this study. Event methodology market model used to calculate Average Abnormal Returns (AAR) and Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns (CAAR).

The results of the study have few findings which are contradictory to the existing literature on market efficiency. The cash dividend announcements have shown evidence for market efficiency, and results are contrary to Gupta et al. (2012), but the results are similar to Mishra (2005). Bonus issue announcements also have shown evidence for a semi-strong form of efficiency, test results identical to Dhar and Chhaochharia (2008), Kumar and Mittal (2015). Stock split announcements have not shown market efficiency, and the effect is similar to the study of Lakshmi and Roy (2012) and contrary to Chavali and Zahid (2011). Our results also support the premise that the emerging countries depict evidence of market efficiency (Bechev, 2003). Finally, we conclude that market efficiency results differ based on corporate announcements and market capitalization.
Een nieuwe impuls aan het begrip ‘publiekrechtelijke instelling’: een aanbestedingsplicht voor nationale sportbonden?
Authors: Bozkurt L. , Heystee T.
Published: July 2021

Een nieuwe impuls aan het begrip ‘publiekrechtelijke instelling’: een aanbestedingsplicht voor nationale sportbonden?

Prejudiciële beslissing over de aanbestedingsrechtelijke kwalificatie van de Italiaanse voetbalbond. Een marktpartij meent dat de Italiaanse voetbalbond kwalificeert als een aanbestedende dienst in de zin van de Aanbestedingsrichtlijn en daarom opdrachten via een aanbesteding dient te vergeven. Het Hof van Justitie benoemt in zijn beslissing de relevante criteria om te oordelen of sprake is van een publiekrechtelijke instelling, te weten: de instelling (1) is opgericht met het specifieke doel te voorzien in andere behoeften van algemeen belang dan die van industriële en commerciële aard, (2) bezit rechtspersoonlijkheid en (3) vertoont overheidsafhankelijkheid. Het Hof van Justitie geeft de Italiaanse feitenrechter handvatten om te onderzoeken of voldaan is aan het derde vereiste, en meer specifiek of sprake is van overheidstoezicht op het beheer van de voetbalbond.

HvJ 3 februari 2021, gevoegde zaken C-155/19 en C-156/19, ECLI:EU:C:2021:88 (Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC)).
Professional Ethics for Judges – Lessons Learned from the Past. Dialogue as Didactics to Develop Moral Leadership for Judges
Authors: Brenninkmeijer Alex , Bish Didel
Published: July 2021

Professional Ethics for Judges – Lessons Learned from the Past. Dialogue as Didactics to Develop Moral Leadership for Judges Special Issue on Education in (Professional) Legal Ethics, Emanuel van Dongen & Jet Tigchelaar (eds.)

There is an intimate link between good conduct by judges and the rule of law. The quintessence of their role is that judges shape a trustworthy and fair legal system from case to case. Ethical trading is not carved in granite, and judges must determine their course on different levels. First, it concerns personal conduct and requires integrity and reliability. On the second level, the challenge is to achieve proper adjudication by conducting a fair trial in accordance with professional standards. Third, judges exercise discretion, in which normative considerations run the risk of becoming political. They should act independently as one of the players in the trias politica. A triptych of past cases illustrate moral dilemmas judges may encounter in their profession. Calibrating the ethical compass is not an abstract or academic exercise. A dialogue at the micro (internal), meso (deliberation in chambers) and macro levels (court in constitutional framework) could be incorporated in the legal reasoning as a didactic framework to make future judges aware of their ethical challenges.
Pole elektromagnetyczne emitowane przez systemy radiokomunikacyjne – zmiany poziomów ekspozycji na terenie Warszawy w XXI wieku
Authors: Gryz Krzysztof , Karpowicz Jolanta , Zradziński Patryk
Published: July 2021

Powszechne wykorzystywanie systemów radiokomunikacyjnych przyczynia się do ekspozycji ludzi na pole elektromagnetyczne emitowane przez te systemy. Ze względu na dużą liczbę użytkowników w środowisku wielkomiejskim występuje tu największe zagęszczenie anten radiokomunikacyjnych oraz pole elektromagnetyczne o najbardziej złożonym widmie częstotliwości. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki rozpoznania i oceny ekspozycji na pole elektromagnetyczne emitowane przez systemy radiokomunikacyjne. Te wyniki bazują na rezultatach badań własnych i charakteryzują niemal dwudziestoletnią ewolucję parametrów ekspozycji w centrum Warszawy. Wskazują ponadto, że do 2020 r. w budynkach użyteczności publicznej i w otwartej przestrzeni miasta nie dochodziło w Warszawie do ekspozycji pracowników na pole elektromagnetyczne o poziomie wymagającym okresowej kontroli według wymagań prawa pracy. Badania nie obejmowały oceny parametrów lokalnego narażenia na silniejsze pole elektromagnetyczne bezpośrednio przy antenach nadajników, zlokalizowanych najczęściej na dachach budynków lub wolnostojących konstrukcjach wsporczych.
Seismic Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) Column and Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beam Connections under Reversed Cyclic Loading
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed Najm , Budiono Bambang , Setio Herlien Dwiarti , Lim Erwin
Published: July 2021

Previous studies on the connection between concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns and reinforced concrete (RC) beams have shown a loss of joint confinement because the steel tube was completely or partially cut in the joint area. This research presents a new connection system that provides joint confinement through a continuous steel tube. Potential sliding shear at the smooth interface between the columns and beams in the joint face is mitigated using two mechanisms: (i) shear connectors and (ii) longitudinal web beam reinforcement. This study tested two CFST column and RC beam joints to 4.5% drift ratio under combined compression axial load and lateral cyclic load. The experimental results revealed no cracks at the joint zone and the specimens satisfied the ACI 374.1-05 criteria, despite minor sliding at the beam-column interface. The finite element (FE) model showed good agreement with the experimental results.
Activity-Based Online Learning: A Response to Dyslexia and COVID
Authors: Potter Charles
Published: July 2021

Dr. Charles Potter’s Reading Fluency Programme implements individual learning programmes focusing on children’s learning needs. The methods and materials can be used in the treatment of dyslexia, as well as for working with children with reading, writing, and spelling difficulties or difficulties with rate of work at school. The programmes are activity-based, and are introduced through online sessions related to the child’s individual learning needs as identified through initial assessment and ongoing evaluation. Based on assessment, an individual programme is developed for the child, focusing on areas of need. The programme then uses electronic books, activity books and materials for treatment of phonological and phonemic difficulties, phonic difficulties, as well as linked problems with reading, writing, spelling, reading comprehension and working memory development. This chapter provides theoretical background on the neurolinguistic basis of the programme’s methods and materials, which have been developed internationally and implemented pre COVID with both first and second language speakers of English. It also provides information on how the materials have been implemented post COVID using activity-based online learning formats, and the results of children based on pre and post assessments.
Reducing Pollution of Stabilized Landfill Leachate by Mixing of Coagulants and Flocculants: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kastali Mlika , Mouhir Latifa , Madinzi Abdelaziz , Taleb Abdeslam , Anouzla Abdelkader , Souabi Salah
Published: July 2021

The physico-chemical process of coagulation-flocculation is very efficient and economical for the treatment of leachate. The latter can have considerable impacts on the environment. The leachate from the landfill of the city of Mohammedia is characterized by a high COD content which varies between 2200 and 2700 mg/l, a total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration varying from 1080 to 1405 mg/l while the ammonium content has a concentration varying between 587 and 1410 mg/l. Organic matter is not readily biodegradable (BOD5/COD: 0.2 to 0.13). Metal concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 4.2 mg/l for Cr, 40 to 5 mg/l for Cd, and 0.3 to 0.8 mg/l for lead. For monitoring the leachate treatment, several coagulants and flocculants were used (FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, Alginate, cationic flocculants, anionic flocculants). In parallel with the monitoring of the physicochemical parameters we followed the production of the volume of the settled sludge over time. Treatment with all coagulants and flocculants used is pH dependent. Ferric Chloride has been shown to be effective at a pH of 6.5 while for Aluminum Sulfate the optimum pH is 5.3. The results showed that coagulation-flocculation by Ferric Chloride and Aluminum Sulfate is very effective in reducing turbidity. This reduction reaches 95 and 98% respectively for FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3, while the reduction in COD for the two coagulants is around 60%. Organic flocculants alone do not lead to a significant reduction in turbidity and COD, while their combination with coagulants marks a good reduction in pollution. Hydrated iron hydroxides precipitate more easily than flocs formed by aluminum, resulting in more efficient removal of pollutants than that obtained at lower pH values. The order of introduction strongly influences the coagulation flocculation. The optimal doses of the various coagulants and flocculants chosen for the study vary from one reagent to another. FeCl3 remains the most suitable coagulant to further eliminate organic and metal pollution. The cost associated with the treatment using flocculants remains much higher when the flocculant is used in admixture with a coagulant.
Recognition and Early Stage Detection of Phytophthora in a Crop Farm Using IoT
Authors: Vajpayee Pooja , Kr. Yogi Kuldeep
Published: July 2021

Detection of agricultural plant pests is seen as one of the farmers’ problems. Automated Pest Detection Machine enables early detection of crop insects with advanced computer vision and image recognition. Innovative research in the field of agriculture has demonstrated a new direction by Internet of Things (IoT). IoT needs to be widely experienced at the early stage, so that it is widely used in different farming applications. It allows farmers increase their crop yield with reduced time and greater precision. For the past decade, climate change and precipitation have been unpredictable. Due to this, many Indian farmers are adopting smart methods for environment known as intelligent farming. Smart farming is an automated and IOT-based information technology (Internet of Things). In all wireless environments IOT is developing quickly and widely. The Internet of Things helps to monitor agricultural crops and thus quickly and effectively increase farmers’ income. This paper presents a literature review on IoT devices for recognizing and detecting insects in crop fields. Different types of framework/models are present which are explaining the procedure of insect detection.
Endocrine Disorders Accompanying Obesity - Effect or Cause?
Authors: Kurylowicz Alina
Published: July 2021

Endocrine disorders including hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism are considered as causes of secondary obesity. However, several hormonal abnormalities can also be found in individuals with primary (simple) obesity. Part of them results from the adipose tissue dysfunction that, via secreted adipokines, modulates the function of endocrine organs and can be reversed with weight loss. However, part of them correspond to the real endocrine disorder and require appropriate treatment. Therefore in the management of obese patients, it is essential to distinguish between obesity-related abnormal results of hormonal tests and underlying endocrine disorder. This chapter presents pathophysiological concepts of obesity-related changes in the endocrine system and briefly reviews diagnostic algorithms helpful in distinguishing them from the co-existing endocrine disorders.
Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Chest Computed Tomography Scan in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Aminzadeh Behzad , Layegh Parvaneh , Foroughian Mahdi , Tavassoli Ahmadreza , Emadzadeh Maryam , Teimouri Ali , Maftouh Mona
Published: July 2021

Background: The world is facing the coronavirus 2 pandemic since 2019 (COVID-19 infection) and all countries have challenges in management of patients based on their facilities. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan can be valuable in early detection and estimation of the pulmonary involvement in these patients. Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic value of chest CT imaging features in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 201 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled consecutively. The patients’ chest CT scans were analyzed, and the disease severity was rated using two methods: (1) total lung involvement (TLI) in which each lobe is scored from 0 to 4 based on the percentage of involvement; and (2) modified TLI in which each lobe involvement score is multiplied by the number of its segments, and the sum is recorded as the modified TLI. The patients were categorized into four groups depending on their prognosis (patients admitted to hospital wards, patients admitted to intensive care units [ICUs], patients with intubation during hospitalization, and expired patients). The relationship between both scoring methods and the clinical outcomes of patients was examined in the four groups. Results: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed no significant difference between the two scoring methods (TLI and modified TLI) in predicting the patients’ prognosis. The average disease severity based on the two scoring methods was significantly different between the four groups. Patients who were intubated during hospitalization and patients who expired had significantly higher scores than patients admitted to the ICUs and hospital wards (P = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for the prediction of mortality was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72 - 0.90; P < 0.001). The TLI score of 18.5 could predict mortality with specificity of > 95%. Conclusion: The TLI scoring system can be used for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. This scoring method can help us devise a better strategic healthcare plan during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sproglige generationsforskelle på de sociale medier
Authors: Hansen Marianne Haugaard , Stæhr Andreas Candefors
Published: July 2021

I takt med at de sociale medier i stigende grad bliver anvendt på tværs af aldersgrupper, opstår der nye kommunikationskulturer og normer for sprogbrug, som danner grobund for oplevelser af sproglige generationsforskelle. I denne artikel undersøger vi, hvordan unge (15-18 år) og deres forældre giver udtryk for sådanne sproglige generationsforskelle i private online kontekster. Vi fokuserer særligt på forskelle i forhold til brug af emojis og forkortelser samt orientering mod forskellige normer for tegnsætning, sproglig korrekthed og korrekturlæsning. Vi undersøger både, hvordan sådanne sproglige generationsforskelle artikuleres i interviews med de unge og deres forældre, og hvordan de kommer til udtryk i deres online interaktioner. Artiklen bidrager med ny viden om digitalt medieret sprogbrug i nutidige familier og giver en indsigt i, hvordan unge og voksne på trods af deres forskellige forventninger til online interaktion kan tilpasse sig hinandens sprogbrug, når de skriver sammen online. EMNEORD: normativitet, registergørelse, akkommodation, sproglig etnografi
Værdiladede betingelsessætninger i argumenterende tv-debat
Authors: Lindegaard Laura Bang , Sandst Line
Published: July 2021

I denne artikel undersøger vi betingelsessætninger i argumenterende interaktion. Betingelsessætninger indledes oftest med hvis og kan defineres som sætninger hvor der angives en tilstrækkelig betingelse for et givent forhold. Data består af transskriptioner af fire forskellige episoder af DR’s Debatten, og undersøgelsen fokuserer dermed på polemisk, argumenterende debatinteraktion. Med afsæt i tidligere undersøgelser af betingelsessætninger i dansk undersøger vi både værtens og deltagernes brug af betingelsessætninger og positivt og negativt ladet betydning (valoritet) i disse sætninger. På denne vis undersøger vi hvordan samtaledeltagerne og værten bruger værdiladede betingelsessætninger som en retorisk ressource i den argumenterende kontekst. Undersøgelsen bidrager med viden om betingelsessætninger i genren ‘argumenterende tv-debat’ som er en kontekst hvor brugen af betingelsessætninger endnu ikke er undersøgt indgående i dansk. EMNEORD: betingelsessætninger, argumentation, valorisering, affekt, tv-debatinteraktion
Kan Grønland være andet end arktisk? Postkolonial sammenligningspolitik som forskningsdagsorden
Authors: Pram Gad Ulrik
Published: July 2021

Grønland omtales efterhånden rutinemæssigt som »arktisk«. Men trods grundvilkårene – en lille befolkning på et enormt territorium og ekstreme betingelser geografisk og klimatisk – har Grønland ikke et enkelt oplagt sted at søge inspiration, særligt i kraft af ambitionen om selvstændighed. Hjemme- og Selvstyret har derfor søgt at se ud over ikke bare konkrete danske løsninger, men også udover dansk nationalstatstænkning. For at forstå de deraf følgende dynamikker og dilemmaer præsenterer denne artikel en ny forskningsdagsorden med fokus på sammenligningspolitik. Sammenligninger er ikke bare tekniske eller praktiske foranstaltninger, men et politisk fænomen, som er med til at forme forestillingerne om, hvem »vi« er, og hvor »vi« skal hen. Artiklen diskuterer, hvordan aktuel postkolonial sammenligningspolitik adskiller sig fra tidligere former, og hvordan Grønland sammenligner sig på vidt forskellig vis i de vigtigste sektordebatter. Gennem konkrete eksempler udvikler artiklen et analytisk apparat for studiet af, hvordan postkolonial sammenligningspolitik udspiller sig.
Mellem udvikling og oprustning: Ruslands planer for Arktis
Authors: Splidsboel Hansen Flemming
Published: July 2021

Arktis har ikke været vigtigere for det moderne, postsovjetiske Rusland, end det er nu. Landets politik består af to overordnede elementer. Det første element er en udviklingsdel, hvor især transport og udvinding af ressourcer skal bidrage til at løfte såvel den forholdsvis fattige arktiske zone som selve Rusland. Det andet element er en forsvarsdel, hvor Rusland opruster i Arktis. Det sker for at kunne forsvare russisk suverænitet og for at kunne iværksætte offensive operationer mod andre lande fra baser i regionen. I Vesten er opmærksomheden oftest rettet mod forsvarsdelen, som de russiske politikere også gerne selv fremhæver. Internt spiller udviklingen af Arktis dog en stor rolle, og skiftende russiske regeringer har med begrænset succes lanceret storstilede planer for at forbedre vilkårene i regionen. Klimaforandringerne er en stor ny ubekendt, som sandsynligvis vil skabe omfattende udfordringer for det russiske Arktis. Russiske politikere fremhæver ofte behovet for samarbejde i Arktis, ikke mindst for at løse disse opgaver. Ruslands formandskab af Arktisk Råd er en mulighed for Rusland for at bidrage til dette samarbejde.