bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENTS 'READING INTEREST AND LEARNING READINESS WITH IPS LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Annisafitri Intania Zahra , Sumilah Sumilah
Published: February 2021

The background of this study is the ranking of Indonesian education in the world in 2019 showed that the quality of learning in Indonesia is on 108th ranks. While in the ASEAN region, education in Indonesia takes fifth ranks out of nine countries. The data showed the low quality of education in Indonesia. One of the evidence is the problem occurred on the fourth grade students in elementary school Cluster Diponegoro Semarang. The result of student learning of social studies on fourth grade are still relatively low. This study aims to examine the correlation between: 1) reading interest and social studies learning outcomes; 2) readiness to study and social studies learning outcomes; 3) reading interest, simultaneous learning readiness, and the learning outcomes of social studies. This study used a correlation research design with a quantitative approach. The research samples of 103 students were taken using nonprobability sampling technique by random sampling. The data collection used questionnaire, interview, and documentation. The instrument trials were carried out by validity and reliability tests. The data analysis techniques used the prerequisite test for data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that: 1) there was a positive correlation between reading interest and social studies learning outcomes the proved by its correlation showed a strong contribution of 48%; 2) there was a positive correlation between learning readiness and social studies learning outcomes the proved by its correlation showed a strong contribution of 49.6%; 3) there was a positive correlation between reading interest and learning readiness simultaneously with social studies learning outcomes the proved by its correlation showed a strong contribution of 58.9%. It can be concluded that there was a positive correlation between reading interest, learning readiness, and social studies learning outcomes of fourth grade students in elementary school Cluster Diponegoro Semarang.
The Effectiveness of the Problem Baesd Instruction Model with Videos on Critical Thinking Abilities of Senior High School 1 Mayong Students
Authors: Mauludah Nurul , Peniati Endah , Widiyaningrum Priyantini
Published: February 2021

The ability to think critically is needed in the 21st century so that students must have the ability to think critically.Withthese abilities, students are more able to master the concept of material, able to provide further explanation and provide alternative problem-solving so that students are expected to be able to solve problems in the environment in the future. This study aims to analyze the problem-based instruction model with effective video applied to senior high school 1 Mayong students on the ability to think critically and analyze the problem-based instruction model with video so that it can improve the critical thinking skills of senior high school 1 Mayong students. This study used pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this study were students of class XI MIPA 3 and XI MIPA 4 Senior High School 1 Mayong which were determined using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable is a problem-based instruction model with an immune system video media. Dependent variables besides critical thinking skills are also conservation attitudes that are expected to arise during the learning process. The researcher collected the data using test questions and observation sheets. The results of data analysis showed that students' critical thinking skills reached 92.5% completeness. On average, every aspect of students' critical thinking skills are in critical and very critical criteria and the average conservation value of students is honest, creative and humanist in good, good and very good criteria. The average N-gain in both classes is included in the criteria of medium (0.69) and high (0.71). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the problem-based instruction model with effective video is applied to senior high school 1 Mayong students towards critical thinking skills and problem-based instruction models with videos can improve the critical thinking skills of senior high school 1 Mayong students
The Effectiveness of School Environment-Based Inquiry Model in the Ecosystem Material Towards Critical Thinking Ability and Environmental Caring Attitudes of High School Students
Authors: Utami Annastesia Berliyan , Widiyaningrum Priyantini
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the school environment-based inquiry model in the ecosystem material towards critical thinking ability and environmental caring attitude of high school students. This study uses Pre-Experiment Design with research design of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample of this study was grade X IPA 5 and X IPA 6 SMA Negeri 1 Slawi. The results of this study indicate that the result of the N-gain test of critical thinking ability and the attitude of caring for the environment is in the medium category. The result of classical learning completeness reach 100% of students complete. Students' critical thinking ability shows 100% of students meet critical and very critical criteria. The environmental caring attitude of the students shows that 100% of students fulfill the criteria of care and absolutely care. Students’ responses to learning show good criteria in each statement. Conclusion in this study is that the school environment-based inquiry model in the ecosystem material is effective towards critical thinking ability and environmental caring attitude of grade X students of SMA Negeri 1 Slawi.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL MIND MAPPING BERBANTUAN MEDIA DISPLAY TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Damayanti Rafika
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji keefektifan model Pembelajaran Mind Mapping berbantuan Media Display terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD N Gugus KH.Samanhudi Kendal.Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas IV SD N Sendangdawuhan 02 sebanyak 26 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen, kelas IV SD N Bulak 02 sebanyak 28 siswa.Data hasil belajar dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t untuk menguji perbedaan rata-rata kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan Independent Sample T-Test menujukan jika nilai (2-tailed) < 0,05 ,karena hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kolom (2- tailed) yaitu sebesar 0,000 yang berarti lebih kecil dari 0.05. Simpulannya bahwa model pembelajaran Mind Mapping  berbantuan media display efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPS . Saran guru dan siswa diharapkan untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping berbantuan media display dalam pembelajaran di kelas dan untuk model mencatat sehari-hari agar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa sehingga mutu sekolah dapat meningkat.

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Mind Mapping Learning Model assisted by Display Media in the fourth grade students' learning outcomes at KH. Samanhudi Cluster Elementary School, Kendal Regency. This study used a quantitative method and quasi-experimental type of research. The samples in this study were the fourth grade students at Sendangdawuhan 02 Elementary School in the number of 26 students as the experimental class, the fourth grade students at Bulak 02 Elementary School in the number of 28 students. The learning outcomes were analyzed using t-test to test the average difference of the control class and the experimental class. The result of calculations using the Independent Sample T-Test addressed if the value (2-tailed) <0.05, because the results of the study showed that the column (2- tailed) was equal to 0,000 which means it was smaller than 0.05. The conclusion was the Mind Mapping learning model assisted by display media was effectively used in social studies learning. It was suggested for the teachers and the students to apply Mind Mapping learning model assisted by display media in the classroom and for note-writing in order to improve students' learning outcomes so that the school quality could also improve.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM TEACHING BERBANTUAN MEDIA POWERPOINT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Putri Trisna Amalia
Published: February 2021

Abstrak

Berdasarkan hasil observasi, wawancara dan data hasil belajar didapatkan bahwa hasil belajar belum optimal dikarekan kurangnya keikutsertaan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran dan belum tepatnya pemilihan model pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan model Quantum Teaching berbantuan media Powerpoint terhadap hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas IV SDN Srondol Kulon 02. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan bentuk Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 111 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cluster random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dan non tes. Hasil uji hipotesis memperoleh nilai thitung>ttabel (3,594>1,993). Hal ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara penerapan model Quantum Teaching berbantuan media Powerpoint dan kelas kontrol. Hasil uji N-gain menunjukkan kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol (0,5621>0,2820). Simpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah model Quantum Teaching berbantuan media Powerpoint efektif terhadap hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas IV SDN Srondol Kulon 02.

Based on the results of observations, interviews and learning outcome data, it was found that the learning outcomes were not optimal due to the students’ lack of participation in learning and the inaccurate selection of learning models. This research aims to test the effectiveness of the Quantum Teaching model assisted by Powerpoint media on the social studies learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SDN Srondol Kulon 02. This research is a quasi-experimental research in the form of Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of this research is 111 students. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling. Data collection using test and non-test techniques. Hypothesis test results obtained tcount> ttable (3.594>1.993). This shows a significant difference between the application of the Quantum Teaching model assisted by Powerpoint media and the control class. The results of the N-gain test showed that the experimental class was higher than the control class (0.5621> 0.2820). The conclusion of this research is the Quantum Teaching model assisted by Powerpoint media is effective in social studies learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SDN Srondol Kulon 02.
Régimen y riesgo agroclimático de heladas en Lugo, provincia de Lugo, Galicia, España
Authors: Vilatte Carlos A. , Ruiz Nogueira Benigno
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el régimen y riesgo agroclimático de heladas, por su época de ocurrencia y tipo genético, analizar su peligrosidad sobre los cultivos, y observar la tendencia en el período libre de heladas en los últimos 10 años (1996-2005), respecto del período 1975-1995, en Lugo. Se dispuso de un registro histórico de temperaturas mínimas, medidas en el abrigo meteorológico, de treinta y un años para la localidad de Lugo, Provincia de Lugo (lat.: 43° 03’ N; long.: 7° 30’ O y alt.: 480 m). Los resultados mostraron una mayor frecuencia de heladas primaverales (marzo, abril y mayo) que otoñales (octubre y noviembre). El escaso período libre de heladas, en la zona, puede resultar un impedimento para la difusión de cultivos frutícolas de hueso,  debiendo seleccionar aquellas variedades con mayor requerimiento en horas de frío.En la región, la producción hortícola prospera favorablemente, siendo los cultivos más utilizados, Col – Brassica oleracea L - y nabos (nabizas y grelos) – Brassica napus L -, en detrimento de cultivos anuales extensivos, tanto inverno primaverales, como trigo – Triticum aestivum L. o T. vulgare L. -, cebada – Hordeum vulgare L.-, o estivales como maíz – Zea mays L. -, girasol – Helianthus annus L., o soja - Glycine max L.
ESCOLA E MANEJO DE CONDUTAS VIOLENTAS:AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO SOCIODRAMA TEMÁTICO
Authors: Lopes Ronilto Arthur Gonçalves , Cardoso Alexandra Sombrio , Vidal Gabriela Pereira
Published: February 2021

The school is essentially recognized as a place where learning takes place, but it expands and can also present violent relational behaviors between: student–school, teacher–student and teacher–teaching. Given this theme, the objective of this article was to understand the contributions of thematic sociodrama in the management of violent behavior. The socioeconomic act presented is characterized as an action research carried out with 19 teachers in a public school. The application of the thematic sociodrama made it possible to reveal, discuss and understand the dynamics of violence that happened in the school context.
PALCO, CENA E CORPO NO PSICODRAMA ON-LINE
Authors: Cardoso Jr. Aroldo de Lara
Published: February 2021

Online psychodrama has been frequently practiced during our pandemic times. Coming from communications studies regarding the human relationships with technology, this brief text aims to contribute to our understanding of online psychodrama, specially taking into account three morenian concepts: the stage, the scene and the body. Aims to understand these interrelated elements, with the intent to build an enhanced view of this practice called online psychodrama.
PSICODRAMA Y TEATRO ESPONTÁNEO:EXPERIENCIAS INNOVADORAS PARA EL ÁMBITO COMUNITARIO EN CUBA
Authors: Blanco Nancy Rial , Motta Julia María Casulari , Hauser Úrsula , Huber Beatrice , Sorribas Ana Ara
Published: February 2021

This work tells innovative experiences of implementation of psychodrama and spontaneous theatre for the community environment in Cuba. The three experiences were developed in “El Canal”, an alternative space for the promotion of Psychodrama and Spontaneous Theatre/Playback. The modalities implemented were: public psychodrama as a device to enhance citizen participation;psychodrama for the construction and reconstruction of historical memory; and the spontaneous community theatre to promote an intergenerational meeting, with the direction of Julia Motta; Úrsula Hauser; Ana Ara and Bea Huber, respectively. The modalities used are based and described, highlighting their potential to be used for different purposes within some of the essential tasks that work in community settings demands.
El valor de mercado como factor clave en la contabilidad internacional ¿aplicable en todos los contextos?
Authors: Ruth Alejandra Patiño Jacinto
Published: February 2021

Con la entrada de Colombia y muchos otros países a la tendencia de utilizar Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad se presenta como una ventaja por la mejora en las características de la información contable, la cual comienza a ser más universal y comparable, con esto soporta la lógica de mercados de capitales y evidentemente de la economía de mercado. Uno de los aspectos relevantes en el contexto de la contabilidad internacional es que se usan criterios de medición que antes no eran frecuentes en la regulación contable prudente como la colombiana, el más significativo de estos criterios es el valor razonable 2 , el cual corresponde en principio al valor de mercado y cuando este no se puede obtener existe la posibilidad de utilizar alternativas distintas como el cálculo de un valor presente del flujo de recursos esperados o el costo.
Formato de presentación de proyecto. Caracterización sobre hábitos, necesidades y prácticas de consumo en plataformas digitales e-commerce de personas con edades entre los 24 y 32 años, de los estratos 2, 3 y 4 que trabajan en el sector financiero de la Avenida Chile, localidad Chapinero de la ciudad de Bogotá la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: James Paul Linero Bocanegra , Luis Fernando Botero Cardona
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este proyecto está encaminado en conocer cuáles son los hábitos y las necesidades de los consumidores en el rango de edad de 24 a 32 años en las plataformas de comercio electrónico e-commerce,de la ciudad de Bogotá que se encuentren laborando en el sector financiero, a partir de teorías de las necesidades humanas como Max-Neef, Maslow, Doyal y Gough y teorías de modelos de conducta del consumidor como Nicosia, Engel, BlackWell y Miniard, para crear un perfil de consumo para este rango de edad. A partir de los resultados encontrados en la presente investigación, se pretende aportar a la sociedad del conocimiento respecto al tema de dinámicas de consumo en el e-commerce de la población antes mencionada de la ciudad de Bogotá. Este proyecto investigativo se desarrollará, a partir de un estudio etnográfico de tipo cualitativo, empleando para ello una triangulación de técnicas que a través del grupo focal y las técnicas proyectivas permitan el reconocimiento de los códigos culturales (Medina, C. 2016), presentes en consumidores en este rango de edad, que conducen al uso de plataformas e-commerce.
Semillero retail center Producto de investigación ¨categorización de los canales de distribución según los valores agregados percibidos por el consumidor de los niveles socioeconómicos 3 y 4 de la localidad de Suba en la ciudad de Bogotá¨
Authors: Gustavo Riveros Polanía
Published: February 2021

El presente proyecto, como se conoce en cumpliendo con las fechas de entrega del producto, inicio proceso de publicación del artículo en la revista de la universidad Militar el día 8 de Marzo del presente año teniendo en cuenta las fechas estipuladas dentro del acta de inicio del proyecto. Como se puede evidenciar en los pantallazos del correo la respuesta de la revista fue que el proyecto no era apto porque no cumplía con el enfoque. Por tal razón se contactó a la revista RIDI, Revista de investigación, desarrollo e innovación de la universidad UPT, en la cual desde el día 15 de marzo hasta la fecha se encuentra en proceso de revisión.
El centro comercial y las representaciones sociales transformadas en torno al territorio urbano
Authors: Carolina Garzón Medina , Miguel Urra Canales , Lina Marcela Torres Alfonso| , Leidy Maldonado Maldonado , Angee Julieth Morales
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este proyecto se orienta en comprender las transformaciones que el centro comercial ha generado en las representaciones sociales en torno al territorio urbano en un grupo de habitantes del municipio de Mosquera, Cundinamarca, a partir de la configuración de marcos interpretativos y reflexivos que desde el abordaje de modelos teoricos como los de Abric (2001) y Hall (1997) acerca de las representaciones sociales y la reconfiguración del signficado del shopping center ( Sarlo, 2003) y del Territorio Urbano, sustentado en la psicologia social y del consumo, el marketing urbano y la sociologia urbana permitiran a partir de los resultados orientar una propuesta de mejoramiento de las relaciones comercio urbano y modo de vida en comunidad.
Decisions about the Beauty of Lithuania in Jean Mauclère’s 'Sous le ciel pâle de Lithuanie'
Authors: Dručkutė Genovaitė
Published: February 2021

Drawing on the theoretical premises of imagology and geocriticism, the article analyzes the aesthetic experience of the traveler who traverses Lithuanian cities (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda), walks across small towns, stops over in villages, and makes his way to the seaside. The local aesthetic identity of the newly discovered country, i.e. its beauty and/or loathsomeness, is revealed by the author Jean Mauclère through a few perspectives: on the one hand, it is the beauty of nature, folk and professional art (architectural exteriors and interiors, fine arts, music), the physical type of Lithuanian men and women. This identity, as Mauclère suggests, reveals itself in the contexts of local history, traditions and culture. Although the author seeks to remain objective in his description of his new aesthetic experience in Lithuania, he remains a representative of his own French culture and its traditions nonetheless. On the other hand, he underlines the otherness of the novelty of his experience.
Protection of minority shareholders’ rights in group of companies: Lithuania and EU company law perspectives
Authors: Bakanauskas Edvinas
Published: February 2021

Just as in the entire European Union, in Lithuania company groups are an integral part of the modern business world. It is the companies that are part of company groups are leading both in Lithuania and in the European Union in terms of a number of economic indicators: revenues, number of employees, amounts of taxes paid and other contributions. Despite being an integral part of modern business, regulation of company groups has not yet attracted sufficient attention both at the European Union or the national level. Such absence of a consistent regulation may lead to or cause, inter alia, infringements of rights of minority shareholders. Accordingly, the purpose of the present article is to assess whether the effective Lithuanian or European Union regulation is sufficient to protect minority shareholders’ rights in group of companies.
Legislative principles of information security provision in the European Union member states
Authors: Bratsuk Ivan , Kavin Svyatoslav
Published: February 2021

The article is dedicated to the study of the information security provision in the EU Member States in the context of analyzing their state programs, national programs as well as regulatory legal acts. This study identifies priorities and gaps in the information security provision in the EU Member States, analyzes special features of the institutional and legal mechanism of information security in the EU Member States in the context of the multi-vector international security system. The expediency of developing an integral coordinated information policy of the EU Member States, aimed at unification of the approaches to information security, is substantiated, as well as the experience of the EU Member States in this field aimed at improving the domestic regulatory framework of information security provision is studied.
National identity as a path towards the compatibility of the opposite standpoints
Authors: Griciūnas Paulius
Published: February 2021

Both the unconditional primacy of the EU law (even over all the national constitutional norms), and the supremacy of any national constitutional rule over EU law, couldn’t be considered as a solution to the accommodation of the constructive interaction between two autonomous legal systems. The pluralistic models come up with a solid explanation on how legal systems interact. However, they fail to provide a solution when it comes to the potential collision of the EU and national constitutional norms. In the last decade, discourse on the notion of national identity has been developing. This concept could be a viable approach in resolving situations (as researched in this article2) bordering on conflict in the pluralistic models.
Strategic leniency: insights from game theory and empirical evidence
Authors: Jablonskis Martynas
Published: February 2021

Strategic leniency signifies potential exploits of leniency that could generate detrimental effects. Leniency could be exploited in three distinct ways: (1) used to punish cartel deviator; (2) used as a cartel exit strategy; (3) used as a way to report false cartels hoping that rivals will be fined. Strategic leniency has roots in game theory and has been used in theoretical works on leniency. However, it is difficult to verify, whether firms actually conceive leniency strategically. The article addresses the problem by analysis of 42 cartel cases, investigated by the European Commission, throughout the years 2010–2018. We find some support for the strategic leniency, but evidence is more indicative, rather than conclusive. We also find that 2002 leniency reform in the European Union generated no immediate disruptive effect on pre-reform cartels. Besides the article argues for insufficiency of leniency to uncover cartels in a form of concerted practices, and spots a seeming legal gap: there are no legal rules in current Leniency Notice to prevent abuses of leniency. Overall, the success of leniency should not be overstated.
Scientific achievements of the Laboratory of immunology
Authors:   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Vishchur O. I. , Smolyaninov K. B. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Broda N. А. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Mudrak D. І. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Masyuk M. B. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Matlakh І. Yo. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The main directions of scientific work of the Laboratory of immunology during its 25-year history are highlighted. Some of its stages and achievements in the field of animal husbandry are considered. The historical outline of the foundation and formation of the laboratory of immunology is briefly presented, the purpose of research is described and the tasks set before the laboratory are listed, the main achievements of scientific researches in separate branches of animal husbandry are listed. Particular attention is paid to the main preventive and curative drugs that have been developed in the laboratory and adapted to the practice of animal husbandry. The activity of the laboratory staff in the scientific sphere as well as in the implementation of scientific achievements in the practice of animal husbandry is summarized.
ACADEMICIAN O.G. GOLDMAN IN EXILE. THE LONG AND DIFFICULT WAY TO RETURN TO UKRAINE (Review. Part II)
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Grigoryev M.M.
Published: February 2021

Scientific publications on physics and semiconductor technology made during 1938 – 1940 years by scientists belonging to the scientific school of Academician O.G. Goldman from the Institute of Physics of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences are systematized and analyzed. It is shown that the main directions of research in this field were performed according to plans agreed with Academician O.G. Goldman before his arrest in 1938. The most important results during this time were achieved in the development and study of the properties of new semiconductor photovoltaic cells based on Ag 2 S, sensitive to the near-infrared radiation. Based on the analysis of the original publications of the time on the creation of new photovoltaic cells at the Institute of Physics of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences and new photovoltaic cells based on Tl 2 S semiconductor compound in Leningrad PTI, the scientific priority of Ukrainian researchers in developing and studying the properties of photocells is proved. It is shown that in 1938 - 1939 in the Institute of Physics of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences were continued initiated by Academician O.G. Goldman undertook fundamental research to elucidate the nature of the occurrence of contact high- voltage polarization during the passage of current at low temperatures in the then relevant semiconductors Cu 2 O and Se, as well as the jump of the anode potential in them. These studies later became the experimental basis for the development of the diffusion theory of rectification in metal - semiconductor structures by the future Academician of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences S.I. Pekar at the Institute of Physics. Little-known facts about his life in a settlement in Kazakhstan as well as about evolution of the attitude of his former colleagues are given. The main reasons for not being able to return to scientific work at the Institute of Physics of the Ukraine SSR Academy of Sciences immediately after his liberation are clarified.
PECULIARITIES OF ACOUSTIC INDUCED CHANGES OF ELECTROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN GaN/Al0,2Ga0,8N/GaN/AlN HETEROSTRUCTURES
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Olikh Ya.M.
Published: February 2021

We studied temperature, amplitude and time dependencies of electrophysical parameters in GaN/Al0,2Ga0,8N/GaN/AlN structures when the ultrasound (US) was switched on/off (fUS = 9 MHz). We found out the charge carriers concentration n(Т) increases and the mobility μH(Т) decreases under the ultrasonic loading. With decreasing the temperature, the effect of acoustic induced changes increases. When US switches on/off, long-term (up to ~ 500 s) relaxation of the acoustic conductivity US(t) is observed, with increasing the amplitude of the ultrasound at low temperatures the acoustic conductivity increases exponentially, and at high ones decreases exponentially. It is established that the main mechanisms of charge carrier scattering at low temperatures (T ≤ 150 K) are ionized centers scattering and dislocations scattering; at high temperatures (T > 200 K) the charge carriers mobility is limited by polar optical phonons scattering. An acoustic deformation mechanism of charge carrier redistribution as a result of acoustic lattice deformation and corresponding additional structure piezopolarization is proposed. In our opinion, the determining factor that contributes to these effects, is the high density of boundary dislocations, as well as the change in the linear charge density on the dislocations in the process of their forced oscillations in the field of an external ultrasonic deformation. We have also considered an alternative mechanism that related with an acoustic induced (AI) transformation of metastable DX centers and can occur simultaneously. The mechanism of AI concentration n(Т) increase in this model is associated with a decrease of the barrier for an electron capture in DX0-state as a result of a periodic change distance between possible positions of the donor atoms (at the lattice node and non-central DX¯-state). To study the effect allows to obtain information both about such defect structure of the material and about the nature of changes in its macroscopic characteristics under the ultrasonic loading influence. From a practical point of view, it leads to the search for new opportunities for using of ultrasound for control the physical parameters kinetics of semiconductor structures.
Aquisição do artigo definido por aprendizes chineses de PLA
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo visa observar como os aprendizes chineses cuja língua materna não possui o sistema do artigo adquirem o artigo definido (AD) em português como língua adicional (PLA), tentando verificar a omissão e a generalização excessiva deste artigo na sua interlíngua. Além disso, tem também como objetivo determinar se o uso do AD no contexto genérico e nos contextos não genéricos classificados segundo o modelo adaptado do de Liu e Gleason (2002), apresenta uma diferença no nível de dificuldade para os aprendizes chineses. Neste contexto, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais junto de alunos universitários chineses de português de nível intermédio. Os dados obtidos com base nas análises quantitativas evidenciam a omissão não muito marcada do AD e a generalização excessiva do AD em construções não-padrão da interlíngua dos aprendizes chineses onde o AD em português não deve ser usado. Além disso, certos contextos linguísticos não genéricos do AD são mais fáceis do que outros, o que suporta a afirmação de Liu e Gleason (2002). O estudo contribui para mostrar as variações ocorridas no processo da aquisição do AD português por aprendizes chineses de nível de proficiência intermédio, que devem dedicar esta aquisição do AD ao longo de todo o processo.
Dynamic modelling and simulation of a prototype race car in MATLAB/Simulink applying different types of electric motors
Authors: Szíki Gusztáv Áron , Szántó Attila , Mankovits Tamás
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, vehicles with alternative drives are playing an increasingly important role in road transport. Among the various types of alternative-drives, the most widespread ones are hybrid and electric ones, thanks for the rapid development of modern batteries, and hybrid and electrical systems. The above fact establishes the importance of research on various types of electric motors. The Faculty of Engineering of the University of Debrecen has more than a decade of experience in developing prototype race cars with pneumatic and electric drive. For the more effective and conscious development and racing a simulation program has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment for the computation of the dynamic functions of a vehicle moving in a linear path. The program is characterized by a modular structure, so the different structural units (vehicle body, front and rear wheels, power train, motor) are modelled and simulated separately. In this study we present models and simulation programs for different electric motor types (series-wound DC and brushless DC motors) in MATLAB/Simulink and apply them in our vehicle dynamics simulation program. From the simulation results the performance of a vehicle – driven by an electric motor – can be predicted in a race situation, consequently the most suitable motor with the optimal characteristics can be selected to it.
Impaired disengagement of attention from computer-related stimuli in Internet Gaming Disorder: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Heuer Anna , Mennig Manuel , Schubö Anna , Barke Antonia
Published: February 2021

Background and aims: Attentional biases contribute to the maintenance of addictive behaviors. For the problematic use of online gaming – recognized as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) – first evidence points to a bias towards in-game stimuli. This study aimed to provide behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for a generalized bias towards computer-related stimuli, and to identify the specific attentional processes contributing to this bias: facilitated attention deployment, impaired disengagement or failed suppression. Method: Twenty participants with IGD and 23 casual gamers performed a visual search task with photographs of real-world objects. Either the target or a to-be-ignored distractor was addiction-relevant (computer-related), whereas all other items were addiction-irrelevant (related to cars or sport). Event-related potential components associated with facilitated attentional deployment to the target (NT), its post-selection processing (SPCN), and suppression of irrelevant information (PD) were analyzed. Results: Unlike casual gamers, gamers with IGD exhibited prolonged reaction times and increased SPCN amplitudes for computer-related stimuli, reflecting their continued attentional processing. At the individual level, larger SPCN amplitudes were associated with longer delays in reaction time. Discussion and Conclusions: This pattern of results indicates that the disengagement of attention from computer-related stimuli is impaired in IGD. More generally, our findings demonstrate that conditioning processes occur in IGD, and thus open up new avenues for treatment.
The «Livonian Rhymed Chronicle» as a Transitional Text: Formulaic Language in Middle High German Verse History
Authors: Murray Allan
Published: February 2021

This essay investigates the transitional character of the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle (German: Livländische Reimchronik), a Middle High German verse history composed around 1290, which describes the conquest of the eastern Baltic lands by German crusaders and military-religious orders during the thirteenth century. Although it was first composed as a written text, the chronicle shows numerous features characteristic of oral-formulaic poetry: stock epithets, fixed nominal pairs, repeated discourse markers, and syntactic formulas used to introduce persons and places. The analysis is followed by an investigation of the probable audience and performance situation of the work. It is argued that the highly formulaic features of the work were designed to aid comprehension by listeners who were not necessarily familiar with the language variety in which the chronicle was composed.
Models and methods for local area network topology discovery with incomplete data
Authors: Andreev Anton , Shabaev Anton
Published: February 2021

A lot of network management tasks require a description of the logical and physical computer network topology. Obtaining such a description in an automatic way is complicated due to the possibility of incompleteness and incorrectness of the initial data on the network structure. This article provides a study on the properties of incomplete initial data on network device connectivity on the link layer. Methods for generalized handling of the heterogeneous input data on the link layer are included. We describe models and methods for deriving a missing part of the data, as well as the condition in which it is possible to get a single correct network topology description. The article includes algorithms for building a link layer topology description from incomplete data when this data is possible to fulfill up to the required level. Also, we provide methods for detecting and resolving an ambiguity in the data and methods for improving incorrect initial data. Tests and evaluations provided in the article demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the build methods for discovering various heterogeneous real-life networks. Additionally, we show advantages of the provided methods over the previous analogs: our methods are able to derive up to 99\% data on link layer connectivity in polynomial time; able to provide a correct solution from an ambiguous data.
Embracing equitable learning in managing the physical and financial resources in South-African-schools: A social justice perspective
Authors: Mutekwe Edmore
Published: February 2021

In this article I report on the findings of an empirical study conducted to show the merits of integrating equitable learning by members of the South African School Governing bodies (SGBs) in managing the physical and financial resources. Within the interpretivist paradigm and utilising a qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, the data generation followed the use of an unstructured questionnaire administered to a sample of 30 participants purposefully sampled. Adopting a social justice perspective as the lens, we unpack the necessity of learning equity in the SGB’s dealing of school resources. The study was guided by the following key research question; How can South African schools embrace the learning equity agenda in managing their physical and financial resources? The findings show that adopting such principles of equity in learning as integrating diversity in the equitable deployment of the physical and financial resources goes a long way towards entrenching social justice in managing the resources. The key conclusion was that unless members of the SGBs adopt an equitable mechanism for allocating these resources in the face of competing priorities, real equitable learning remains elusive. The recommendations include the need for adopting policies designed to deal with the complex relationships between concerned stakeholders in the provision of guidelines for public-school funding – most of which come from public budgets.
The content of the components and characteristics of the ideal "Matrimonial way of life" in professional military men and women with different levels of social frustration of the personality
Authors: Dzhaneryan Svetlana , Gvozdeva Darya
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the content and characteristics of the ideal "Matrimonial way of life" in professional military men and women in connection with the levels of their social frustration. The study involved 60 officially married military personnel. The research methods were questioning, testing and methods of statistical data processing. The study showed that men are frustrated with their chosen profession and the way of life dictated by it, and women are frustrated with their position in the team and material income, which leads to psychological discomfort and decreasing of work capacity. It has been established that an important condition for the approximation of the ideal "Matrimonial way of life" for both men and women is the official marriage (regardless of the severity of social frustration). Along with this, for women with high and low levels of social frustration are important the territorial conditions for the approximation of ideal, and for women with moderate level of social frustration – financial conditions. The conditions for approximation the ideal in men do not depend on the levels of their social frustration – men want to make basic decisions in the family and financially provide for the family. In general, the level of social frustration of the personality determines the content of the components and characteristics of the ideal "Matrimonial way of life" in men and women, with the exception means of approaching the ideal, its scenario, internal consistency, as well as the conditions for its approximation in men. The results of this research can be applied in the work of psychologists of military units and garrisons.
A democracia não está morrendo: Foi o neoliberalismo que fracassou
Authors: Bresser-Pereira Luiz Carlos
Published: February 2021

Resumo A tese que a democracia está morrendo aos poucos aplica-se a países como a Hungria, a Polônia e a Turquia; não aos países ricos cuja democracia está consolidada por razões estruturais e pelos interesses envolvidos. A democracia foi uma conquista do povo que incomoda as elites, mas nem elas nem o povo querem substitui-la por um regime autoritário. Essa tese desvia a atenção do verdadeiro problema que os países desenvolvidos enfrentam: o fracasso do neoliberalismo e da teoria econômica neoclássica que o justifica. É esse fracasso, junto ao aumento dos exilados políticos e dos imigrantes e a perplexidade do mundo rico diante do desenvolvimentismo da China, que está dando origem ao populismo de direita e a um mal-estar generalizado no Ocidente.
Economic burden of physical inactivity in hospitalizations due to dementia: a Brazilian nationwide study
Authors: Feter Natan , Leite Jayne Santos , Cardoso Rodrigo Kohn , Rombaldi Airton José
Published: February 2021

Our study aimed at determining the economic burden of leisure-time physical inactivity in hospitalizations due to dementia in Brazil. In this national-wide descriptive study, we used secondary data from the Brazilian Health Informatics Department and from the latest Brazilian National Health Survey (2013). Rate of hospitalization and economic cost were extracted from 2013. Leisure-time physical inactivity prevalence was used to estimate its population attributable fraction for dementia. Outcomes were stratified into sex (man/woman), age groups (< 50, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80+), ethnicity (white, black, mixed race, other), and region (South, Southeast, North, Northeast, and Central). In 2013, 3,724 people were hospitalized due to dementia in Brazil resulting in a total cost of BRL 17,971,833.85 (USD 7,673,973.05). More than half of cost among men was spent with individuals younger than 59 years, white and mixed-race, and from Southeast region. Proportion of cost was higher in women older than 60 years and white. In 2013, 37% of all hospitalization from dementia in Brazil were attributable to physical inactivity, with values reaching 42.9% and 43.8% for men and women aged 80 or older, respectively. Physical inactivity cost BRL 6,994,254.75 (USD 2,986,546.78) in 2013 on hospitalizations due to dementia in Brazil. Higher attributable-cost was found for patients younger than 50 years and women older than 80. Strategies to preserve the quality of life of these patients are needed to reduce the burden for the patients, their family, and on the healthcare system.
AVALIAÇÃO DE HABILIDADES CLÍNICAS POR EXAME OBJETIVO ESTRUTURADO POR ESTAÇÕES, COM EMPREGO DE PACIENTES PADRONIZADOS: Descrição de dois métodos (Parte I)
Authors: Troncon Luiz Ernesto de Almeida , Foss Norma Tiraboschi , Voltarelli Julie César , Dantas Roberto Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Resumo Neste trabalho, descreve-se a sistemática adotada para a aplicação, de dois métodos inovadores de avaliação objetiva de habilidades clínicas. A técnica de exame clínico objetivo estruturado por estações, com o uso de pacientes padronizados, foi preparada para ser aplicada na avaliação final dos estudantes que concluirem uma disciplina que visa ensinar a realização da Observação Clínica (Anamnese e Exame Físico) na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Foram elaboradas 6 estações com duração de 6 minutos cada. Duas estações foram ocupadas por pacientes simulados, para avaliação de tomada de história clínica. As 4 estações restantes foram ocupadas com pacientes reais para a avaliação de aspectos do exame físico. Em todas as estações previu-se também, avaliar a interação do estudante com os pacientes. Nas 4 estações de exame físico, o estudante tem, ainda, que responder a questões breves sobre os achados encontrados. O desempenho dos estudantes em cada estação será avaliado por docentes com o emprego de protocolos de observação estruturados e padronizados, cujos conteúdos são descritos neste artigo.
AVALIAÇÃO DE HABILIDADES CLÍNICAS POR EXAME OBJETIVO ESTRUTURADO POR ESTAÇÕES, COM EMPREGO DE PACIENTES PADRONIZADOS; Uma aplicação no Brasil (parte lI)
Authors: Troncon Luiz Ernesto de Almeida , Foss Norma Tiraboschi , Voltarelli Julio César , Dantas Roberto Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Neste trabalho, descrevemos os resultados da aplicação, do exame clínico objetivo estruturado por estações, com emprego de pacientes padronizados, para avaliação final de 41 estudantes que concluíram a disciplina de Semiologia Geral da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto . Foram construídas 6 estações, com duração de 6 minutos cada, para avaliação de aspectos da tomada da história clínica em pacientes simulados e da realização do exame clínico em pacientes reais. Uma semana após o exame, os estudantes responderam a um questionário com itens sobre sua percepção da prova. A aplicação destes métodos permitiu a obtenção de informações muito detalhadas, tanto sobre o desempenho geral dos estudantes, como sobre virtudes e defeitos da disciplina que os mesmos haviam acabado de cursar. A percepção dos estudantes sobre aspectos gerais do exame, como seleção de tarefas, casos e conteúdos foi satisfatória. No entanto, relataram dificuldades importantes com o controle do tempo em cada estação e referiram que o exame foi muito estressante. Estes fatores, que podem estar ligados a aspectos de ordem cultural mais amplos, devem ser levados em consideração quando da introdução, em outros centros, destes métodos inovadores de avaliação de habilidades clínicas, já consagrados em outros países.
Cities and Violence: An Empirical Analysis of the Case of Costa Rica
Authors: Gimenez Gregorio , Tkacheva Liubov , Svitková Katarína , Barrado Beatriz
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the effect of urbanization on violent crime – particularly homicide in Costa Rica. Although violence is a major problem throughout Latin America, few empirical studies carried out in the area use high-quality socioeconomic and crime databases with a high level of geographical disaggregation. In this article, we employ data from all 473 districts of Costa Rica between 2010 and 2013. We develop a model which takes into account endogeneity problems and uses contrasts of marginal linear predictions. We conclude that the degree of urban concentration plays a key role in explaining homicide rates, other things being equal. This effect is progressive: the greater the urban concentration, the greater the increase in homicide rates. This causal relationship is not observed in offenses other than homicide.