bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF THE STAR FORMATION IN THE S237 H ii REGION
Authors: Dewangan L. K. , Ojha D. K. , Zinchenko I. , Janardhan P. , Luna A.
Published: January 2017

We present a detailed multiwavelength study of observations from X-ray, near-infrared, and centimeter wavelengths to probe the star formation processes in the S237 region. Multiwavelength images trace an almost sphere-like shell morphology of the region, which is filled with the 0.5–2 keV X-ray emission. The region contains two distinct environments—a bell-shaped cavity-like structure containing the peak of 1.4 GHz emission at center, and elongated filamentary features without any radio detection at edges of the sphere-like shell—where Herschel clumps are detected. Using the 1.4 GHz continuum and 12CO line data, the S237 region is found to be excited by a radio spectral type of B0.5V star and is associated with an expanding H ii region. The photoionized gas appears to be responsible for the origin of the bell-shaped structure. The majority of molecular gas is distributed toward a massive Herschel clump (M
clump ∼ 260

), which contains the filamentary features and has a noticeable velocity gradient. The photometric analysis traces the clusters of young stellar objects (YSOs) mainly toward the bell-shaped structure and the filamentary features. Considering the lower dynamical age of the H ii region (i.e., 0.2–0.8 Myr), these clusters are unlikely to be formed by the expansion of the H ii region. Our results also show the existence of a cluster of YSOs and a massive clump at the intersection of filamentary features, indicating that the collisions of these features may have triggered cluster formation, similar to those found in the Serpens South region.
VARIATIONS BETWEEN DUST AND GAS IN THE DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM. II. SEARCH FOR COLD GAS
Authors: Reach William T. , Heiles Carl , Bernard Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2017

The content of interstellar clouds, in particular the inventory of diffuse molecular gas, remains uncertain. We identified a sample of isolated clouds, approximately 100 M
⊙ in size, and used the dust content to estimate the total amount of gas. In Paper I, the total inferred gas content was found significantly larger than that seen in 21 cm emission measurements of H i. In this paper we test the hypothesis that the apparent excess “dark” gas is cold H i, which would be evident in absorption but not in emission due to line saturation. The results show that there is not enough 21 cm absorption toward the clouds to explain the total amount of “dark” gas.
RESOLVING THE GEOMETRY OF THE INNERMOST RELATIVISTIC JETS IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Authors: Algaba J. C. , Nakamura M. , Asada K. , Lee S. S.
Published: January 2017

In the current paradigm, it is believed that the compact VLBI radio core of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) represents the innermost upstream regions of relativistic outflows. These regions of AGN jets have generally been modeled by a conical outflow with a roughly constant opening angle and flow speed. Nonetheless, some works suggest that a parabolic geometry would be more appropriate to fit the high energy spectral distribution properties and it has been recently found that, at least in some nearby radio galaxies, the geometry of the innermost regions of the jet is parabolic. We compile here multi-frequency core sizes of archival data to investigate the typically unresolved upstream regions of the jet geometry of a sample of 56 radio-loud AGNs. Data combined from the sources considered here are not consistent with the classic picture of a conical jet starting in the vicinity of the super-massive black hole (SMBH), and may exclude a pure parabolic outflow solution, but rather suggest an intermediate solution with quasi-parabolic streams, which are frequently seen in numerical simulations. Inspection of the large opening angles near the SMBH and the range of the Lorentz factors derived from our results support our analyses. Our result suggests that the conical jet paradigm in AGNs needs to be re-examined by millimeter/sub-millimeter VLBI observations.
Les ERP à l’épreuve de l’organisation
Authors: Besson Patrick
Published: January 2017

Les difficultés du déploiement des ERP soulèvent une interrogation troublante : avons-nous la maturité et les compétences managériales de cette technologie ? A partir d’une analyse de la conflictualité extraordinaire des projets ERP, l’auteur démontre que la cause principale de l’échec réside dans les limites cognitives des concepteurs d’ERP. Ceux-ci se trompent de concept d’organisation. Ils abordent le projet ERP comme s’il s’agissait d’implanter un dispositif technique sans conséquence organisationnelle significative sur les systèmes de métiers, d’influence et de valeurs des parties prenantes. L’auteur souligne ainsi que la diffusion des nouvelles technologies de l’organisation telles que les ERP suppose une fondation du cadre conceptuel de l’ingénierie organisationnelle autour des trois concepts-clés de processus, de changement et de projet.
Knowledge Adoption in Online Communities of Practice
Authors: Zhang Wei , Watts Stephanie
Published: January 2017

Nous investiguons comment les membres d’une communauté de pratiques (CP) de textes en ligne adopte des connaissances d’autres membres. Les études précédentes portant sur l’adoption des connaissances dans des environnements informatisés se sont appuyées sur les théories du processus dual du traitement de l’information pour comprendre le rôle des indices heuristiques et des probabilités d’élaboration. Ici nous étendons ce courant de recherche en explorant deux nouveaux indices heuristiques : la conformité de genre et la cohérence de l’information. De plus, nous examinons le rôle de la recherche focalisée et de l’information disconfirmatoire pour comprendre comment elles pourraient induire des processus cognitif non heuristiques. Cette étude avance notre compréhension du partage de connaissance dans les CP en ligne. Les résultats suggèrent que le contexte d’une CP en ligne peut jouer un rôle dynamique sur la façon dont les membres traitent la composante contenu de cette CP. En se concentrant sur des technologies de type « pull », elle offre un autre lien théorique entre les communications médiatisées par ordinateur et la gestion des connaissances. Pratiquement, elle apporte aussi des éclairages sur les CP en ligne comme moyen d’améliorer la gestion des connaissances dans les organisations.
L’exposition au risque d’implantation d’ERP : éléments de mesure et d’atténuation
Authors: Bernard Jean-Grégoire , Rivard Suzanne , Aubert Benoît
Published: January 2017

Si les bénéfices potentiels associés à l’implantation d’un ERP sont importants, il en va de même pour les risques. Nombre de projets ont été abandonnés ou ont connu des ratés incluant des pertes financières considérables. Prenant appui sur la recherche sur les ERP et dans les domaines connexes que sont l’implantation de technologies de l’information, la réingénierie des processus, l’impartition et la gestion de projets, cet article précise les composantes essentielles d’une mesure de l’exposition au risque de l’implantation de ERP et amorce la réflexion sur les mécanismes d’atténuation appropriés.
‘ROSE concept’ of fluid management: Relevance in neuroanaesthesia and neurocritical care
Authors: Monteiro Joseph , Goraksha Shwetal
Published: January 2017

Fluid therapy in neurosurgical patients aims to restore intravascular volume, optimise haemodynamic parameters and maintain tissue perfusion, integrity and function. The goal is to minimise the risk of inadequate cerebral perfusion pressure and to maintain good neurosurgical conditions. However, fluid management in brain-injured patients has several distinctive features compared with non-brain-injured critically ill patients. The ROSE concept advocates the restriction of fluids, which is consistent with the prevention of a ‘tight brain’ in neurosurgery. Whether this imbalance in fluid management studies between different types of brain injuries is a reflection of differences in clinical relevance of fluid management is not clear. Further randomised controlled trials in the future are essential in subarachnoid haemorrhage and traumatic brain injury patients who are critical and need long-term Intensive Care Unit stay to elucidate and define the role and relevance of the ROSE concept in neuroanaesthesia and neurocritical care.
Anaesthetic management for combined emergency caesarean section and craniotomy tumour removal
Authors: Bisri Dewi , Wullur Caroline , Bisri Tatang
Published: January 2017

Presentation of primary intracranial tumour during pregnancy is extremely rare. Symptoms of brain tumour include nausea, vomiting, headache and seizures which mimic symptoms of pregnancy-related hyperemesis or eclampsia. In very few cases, craniotomy tumour removal is performed earlier or even simultaneously with foetal delivery. A 40-year-old woman at 32 weeks of gestation in foetal distress presented to the emergency room with decreased level of consciousness Glasgow Coma Scale 6 (E2M2V2). Computed tomographic scan revealed a mass lesion over the left temporoparietal region with midline shift and intratumoural bleeding. In view of high risk of herniation and foetal distress, she underwent emergency caesarean section followed by craniotomy tumour removal. In parturient with brain tumour, combined surgery of tumour removal and caesarean section is decided based on clinical symptoms, type of tumour and foetal viability. Successful anaesthetic management requires a comprehensive knowledge of physiology and pharmacology, individually tailored to control intracranial pressure while ensuring the safety of mother and foetus.
Livestock Ownership Among Rural Households and Child Morbidity and Mortality: An Analysis of Demographic Health Survey Data from 30 Sub-Saharan African Countries (2005–2015)
Authors: Kaur Maneet , Graham Jay P. , Eisenberg Joseph N. S.
Published: January 2017

Children living in homes with livestock may have both an increased risk of enteric infections and improved access to food, and therefore improved nutritional status. Few studies, however, have characterized these relationships in tandem. This study investigated the association between child health and household ownership of livestock. A cross-sectional study was performed using data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 30 sub-Saharan African countries with 215,971 rural children under 5 years of age from 2005 to 2015. Logistic regression was performed for each country to estimate the relationship between a log2 increase in the number of livestock owned by the household and three child-health outcomes: 2-week prevalence of diarrhea, stunting, and all-cause mortality. Results for each country were combined using meta-analyses. Most countries (22 of 30) displayed an odds ratio (OR) less than 1 for child stunting associated with livestock (pooled OR = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95, 0.99). The results for diarrhea were more even with 14 countries displaying ORs greater than 1 and 10 displaying ORs less than 1. Most countries (22 of 30) displayed an OR greater than 1 for child mortality (pooled OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.06). All meta-analyses displayed significant heterogeneity by country. Our analysis is consistent with the theory that livestock may have a dual role as protective against stunting, an indicator of chronic malnutrition, and a risk factor for all-cause mortality in children, which may be linked to acute infections. The heterogeneity by country, however, indicates more data are needed on specific household livestock management practices.
Ethnicity and Democracy in the Eastern Himalayan Borderland
Authors: Chettri Mona , Schendel Willem , Harris Tina
Published: January 2017

This book presents a close look at the growth, success, and proliferation of ethnic politics on the peripheries of modern South Asia, built around a case study of the Nepal ethnic group that lives in the borderlands of Sikkim, Darjeeling, and east Nepal. Grounded in historical and ethnographic research, it critically examines the relationship between culture and politics in a geographical space that is home to a diverse range of ethnic identities, showing how new modes of political representation, cultural activism, and everyday politics have emerged from the region.
Regional Contributions to Particulate Matter Concentration in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea: Seasonal Variation and Sensitivity to Meteorology and Emissions Inventory
Authors: Kim Eunhye , Bae Changhan , Kim Hyun Cheol , Cho Jeong Hoon , Kim Byeong-Uk , Kim Soontae
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The impact of regional emissions (e.g., domestic and international) on surface particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), South Korea and its sensitivities to meteorology and emissions inventories are quantitatively estimated for 2014 using regional air quality modeling systems. Located on the downwind side of strong sources of anthropogenic emissions, South Korea bears the full impact of the regional transport of pollutants and their precursors. However, the impact of foreign emission sources have not yet been fully documented. We utilized two regional air quality simulation systems: (1) a Weather Research and Forecasting and Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) system; and (2) a United Kingdom Met Office Unified Model and CMAQ system. The following combinations of emission inventories are used: the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B, Inter-comparison Study for Asia 2010, and the National Institute of Environment Research Clean Air Policy Support System. Partial contributions of domestic and foreign emissions are estimated using a brute force approach, adjusting South Korean emissions to 50 %. Results show that foreign emissions contributed ~ 65 % of SMA surface PM concentration in 2014. Estimated contributions display clear seasonal variation, with foreign emissions having a higher impact during the cold season (Fall to Spring), reaching ~ 80 % in March, and making lower contributions in the summer, ~ 40 % in July. We also found that simulated surface PM concentration is sensitive to meteorology, but estimated contributions are mostly robust. Regional contributions are also found to be sensitive to the choice of emissions inventories.
Opposite Long-term Trends in Aerosols between Lower and Higher Altitudes: A Testimony to the Aerosol-PBL Feedback
Authors: Dong Zipeng , Li Zhanqing , Yu Xing , Cribb Maureen , Li Xingmin , Dai Jin
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Interactions between absorbing aerosols and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) play an important role in enhancing air pollution near the surface. In this study, a unique feature of the interaction is found that has important implications in monitoring and combating air pollution. Opposite trends in aerosol loading between the lower and upper PBL are found on a wide range of time scales and from different types of data acquired by various platforms: from a short-term field experiment to decadal satellite observations, and multi-decadal ground observations in China. A novel method is proposed to obtain the vertical profiles of aerosol loading from passive sensors by virtue of varying elevations. Trend analyses of three particulate variables having different temporal scales, namely, visibility, aerosol optical depth, and extinction, all exhibit the same trend: increasing at the lower atmosphere, but decreasing in the upper. Column-integrated quantities are much less variable. The reversal trend is consistent with the strong vertical gradients in the aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate that unevenly modifies the atmospheric temperature profile and alters the stability differently. These findings have multiple implications in understanding and combating air pollution, especially in many developing countries producing large amounts of black and brown carbon aerosols.
Signature of ionospheric irregularities under different geophysical conditions on SBAS performance in the western African low-latitude region
Authors: Abe Oladipo Emmanuel , Otero Villamide Xurxo , Paparini Claudia , Ngaya Rodrigue Herbert , Radicella Sandro M. , Nava Bruno
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Rate of change of TEC (ROT) and its index (ROTI) are considered a good proxy to characterize the occurrence of ionospheric plasma irregularities like those observed after sunset at low latitudes. SBASs (satellite-based augmentation systems) are civil aviation systems that provide wide-area or regional improvement to single-frequency satellite navigation using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellations. Plasma irregularities in the path of the GNSS signal after sunset cause severe phase fluctuations and loss of locks of the signals in GNSS receiver at low-latitude regions. ROTI is used in this paper to characterize plasma density ionospheric irregularities in central–western Africa under nominal and disturbed conditions and identified some days of irregularity inhibition. A specific low-latitude algorithm is used to emulate potential possible SBAS message using real GNSS data in the western African low-latitude region. The performance of a possible SBAS operation in the region under different ionospheric conditions is analysed. These conditions include effects of geomagnetic disturbed periods when SBAS performance appears to be enhanced due to ionospheric irregularity inhibition. The results of this paper could contribute to a feasibility assessment of a European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System-based SBAS in the sub-Saharan African region.
The long-solved problem of the best-fit straight line: application to isotopic mixing lines
Authors: Wehr Richard , Saleska Scott R.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. It has been almost 50 years since York published an exact and general solution for the best-fit straight line to independent points with normally distributed errors in both x and y. York's solution is highly cited in the geophysical literature but almost unknown outside of it, so that there has been no ebb in the tide of books and papers wrestling with the problem. Much of the post-1969 literature on straight-line fitting has sown confusion not merely by its content but by its very existence. The optimal least-squares fit is already known; the problem is already solved. Here we introduce the non-specialist reader to York's solution and demonstrate its application in the interesting case of the isotopic mixing line, an analytical tool widely used to determine the isotopic signature of trace gas sources for the study of biogeochemical cycles. The most commonly known linear regression methods – ordinary least-squares regression (OLS), geometric mean regression (GMR), and orthogonal distance regression (ODR) – have each been recommended as the best method for fitting isotopic mixing lines. In fact, OLS, GMR, and ODR are all special cases of York's solution that are valid only under particular measurement conditions, and those conditions do not hold in general for isotopic mixing lines. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we quantify the biases in OLS, GMR, and ODR under various conditions and show that York's general – and convenient – solution is always the least biased.
A multi-diagnostic approach to cloud evaluation
Authors: Williams Keith D. , Bodas-Salcedo Alejandro
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Most studies evaluating cloud in general circulation models present new diagnostic techniques or observational datasets, or apply a limited set of existing diagnostics to a number of models. In this study, we use a range of diagnostic techniques and observational datasets to provide a thorough evaluation of cloud, such as might be carried out during a model development process. The methodology is illustrated by analysing two configurations of the Met Office Unified Model – the currently operational configuration at the time of undertaking the study (Global Atmosphere 6, GA6), and the configuration which will underpin the United Kingdom's Earth System Model for CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6) (GA7). By undertaking a more comprehensive analysis which includes compositing techniques, comparing against a set of quite different observational instruments and evaluating the model across a range of timescales, the risks of drawing the wrong conclusions due to compensating model errors are minimised and a more accurate overall picture of model performance can be drawn. Overall the two configurations analysed perform well, especially in terms of cloud amount. GA6 has excessive thin cirrus which is removed in GA7. The primary remaining errors in both configurations are the in-cloud albedos which are too high in most northern hemisphere cloud types and sub-tropical stratocumulus, whilst the stratocumulus on the cold air side of southern hemisphere cyclones has in-cloud albedo's which are too low.
Errors and adjustments for single-Alter shielded and unshielded weighing gauge precipitation measurements from WMO-SPICE
Authors: Kochendorfer John , Nitu Rodica , Wolff Mareile , Mekis Eva , Rasmussen Roy , Baker Bruce , Earle Michael E. , Reverdin Audrey , Wong Kai , Smith Craig D. , Yang Daqing , Roulet Yves-Alain , Buisan Samuel , Laine Timo , Lee Gyuwon , Aceituno Jose Luis C. , Alastrué Javier , Isaksen Ketil , Meyers Tilden , Brækkan Ragnar , Landolt Scott , Jachcik Al , Poikonen Antti
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Although precipitation has been measured for many centuries, precipitation measurements are still beset with significant inaccuracies. Solid precipitation is particularly difficult to measure accurately, and differences between winter-time precipitation measurements from different measurement networks or different regions can exceed 100 %. Using precipitation gauge results from the World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE), errors in precipitation measurement caused by gauge uncertainty, spatial variability in precipitation, hydrometeor type, crystal habit, and wind were quantified. The methods used to calculate gauge catch efficiency and correct known biases are described. Adjustments, in the form of transfer functions that describe catch efficiency as a function of air temperature and wind speed, were derived using measurements from eight separate WMO-SPICE sites for both unshielded and single-Alter shielded weighing precipitation gauges. The use of multiple sites to derive such adjustments makes these results unique and more broadly applicable to other sites with various climatic conditions. In addition, errors associated with the use of a single transfer function to correct gauge undercatch at multiple sites were estimated.
Processing and performance of topobathymetric lidar data for geomorphometric and morphological classification in a high-energy tidal environment
Authors: Andersen Mikkel Skovgaard , Gergely Áron , Al-Hamdani Zyad , Steinbacher Frank , Larsen Laurids Rolighed , Ernstsen Verner Brandbyge
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The transition zone between land and water is difficult to map with conventional geophysical systems due to shallow water depth and often challenging environmental conditions. The emerging technology of airborne topobathymetric light detection and ranging (lidar) is capable of providing both topographic and bathymetric elevation information, using only a single green laser, resulting in a seamless coverage of the land–water transition zone. However, there is no transparent and reproducible method for processing green topobathymetric lidar data into a digital elevation model (DEM). The general processing steps involve data filtering, water surface detection and refraction correction. Specifically, the procedure of water surface detection and modelling, solely using green laser lidar data, has not previously been described in detail for tidal environments. The aim of this study was to fill this gap of knowledge by developing a step-by-step procedure for making a digital water surface model (DWSM) using the green laser lidar data. The detailed description of the processing procedure augments its reliability, makes it user-friendly and repeatable. A DEM was obtained from the processed topobathymetric lidar data collected in spring 2014 from the Knudedyb tidal inlet system in the Danish Wadden Sea. The vertical accuracy of the lidar data is determined to ±8 cm at a 95 % confidence level, and the horizontal accuracy is determined as the mean error to ±10 cm. The lidar technique is found capable of detecting features with a size of less than 1 m2. The derived high-resolution DEM was applied for detection and classification of geomorphometric and morphological features within the natural environment of the study area. Initially, the bathymetric position index (BPI) and the slope of the DEM were used to make a continuous classification of the geomorphometry. Subsequently, stage (or elevation in relation to tidal range) and a combination of statistical neighbourhood analyses (moving average and standard deviation) with varying window sizes, combined with the DEM slope, were used to classify the study area into six specific types of morphological features (i.e. subtidal channel, intertidal flat, intertidal creek, linear bar, swash bar and beach dune). The developed classification method is adapted and applied to a specific case, but it can also be implemented in other cases and environments.
City-scale accessibility of emergency responders operating during flood events
Authors: Green Daniel , Yu Dapeng , Pattison Ian , Wilby Robert , Bosher Lee , Patel Ramila , Thompson Philip , Trowell Keith , Draycon Julia , Halse Martin , Yang Lili , Ryley Tim
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Emergency responders often have to operate and respond to emergency situations during dynamic weather conditions, including floods. This paper demonstrates a novel method using existing tools and datasets to evaluate emergency responder accessibility during flood events within the city of Leicester, UK. Accessibility was quantified using the 8 and 10 min legislative targets for emergency provision for the ambulance and fire and rescue services respectively under "normal" no-flood conditions, as well as flood scenarios of various magnitudes (1 in 20-year, 1 in 100-year and 1 in 1000-year recurrence intervals), with both surface water and fluvial flood conditions considered. Flood restrictions were processed based on previous hydrodynamic inundation modelling undertaken and inputted into a Network Analysis framework as restrictions for surface water and fluvial flood events. Surface water flooding was shown to cause more disruption to emergency responders operating within the city due to its widespread and spatially distributed footprint when compared to fluvial flood events of comparable magnitude. Fire and rescue 10 min accessibility was shown to decrease from 100, 66.5, 39.8 and 26.2 % under the no-flood, 1 in 20-year, 1 in 100-year and 1 in 1000-year surface water flood scenarios respectively. Furthermore, total inaccessibility was shown to increase with flood magnitude from 6.0 % under the 1 in 20-year scenario to 31.0 % under the 1 in 100-year flood scenario. Additionally, the evolution of emergency service accessibility throughout a surface water flood event is outlined, demonstrating the rapid impact on emergency service accessibility within the first 15 min of the surface water flood event, with a reduction in service coverage and overlap being observed for the ambulance service during a 1 in 100-year flood event. The study provides evidence to guide strategic planning for decision makers prior to and during emergency response to flood events at the city scale. It also provides a readily transferable method for exploring the impacts of natural hazards or disruptions in other cities or regions based on historic, scenario-based events or real-time forecasting, if such data are available.
Validation of satellite altimetry by kinematic GNSS in central East
Antarctica
Authors: Schröder Ludwig , Richter Andreas , Fedorov Denis V. , Eberlein Lutz , Brovkov Evgeny V. , Popov Sergey V. , Knöfel Christoph , Horwath Martin , Dietrich Reinhard , Matveev Alexey Y. , Scheinert Mirko , Lukin Valery
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Ice-surface elevation profiles of more than 30.000 km in total length are derived from kinematic GNSS observations on sledge convoy vehicles along traverses between Vostok station and the East Antarctic coast. The profiles have accuracies between 4 and 9 cm. They are used to validate elevation datasets from both radar and laser satellite altimetry as well as four digital elevation models. A crossover analysis with three different Envisat radar altimetry datasets yields a clear preference for the relocation method over the direct method of slope correction and for threshold retrackers over functional fit algorithms. The validation of Cryosat-2 low-resolution mode and SARIn mode datasets documents the progress made from baseline B to C elevation products. ICESat laser altimetry data are demonstrated to be accurate to a few decimeters over wide range of surface slopes. A crossover adjustment above subglacial Lake Vostok combining ICESat elevation data with our GNSS profiles yields a new set of ICESat laser campaign biases and provides new, independent evidence for the stability of the ice-surface elevation above the lake. The evaluation of digital elevation models reveals the importance of radar altimetry for the reduction of interpolation errors.
Enterprise Risk Management and Its Effect on Firm Value in Turkey
Authors: SAYILIR Özlem , FARHAN Muhammad
Published: January 2017

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)is an integrated risk management approach, which considers risks in the context of business strategy and manages them with a portfolio perspective through well defined risk responsibilities and strong risk monitoring processes. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of ERM on firm value for 130 firms operating in the manufacturing industry and listed in Borsa Istanbul. For this purpose, we utilized panel regression models on financial data collected in the period 2008-2013. The dependent variable is Tobin’s Q, which is used as a proxy of firm value. The independent variable is ERM implementation, whereas the control variables are firm size, leverage ratios and profitability ratios. We tested the hypothesis that there is a relationship between ERM and firm value. Our findings suggest that there seems to be no statistically significant relationship between firm value and ERM. We also employed a survey to explore how firms implement ERM and to obtain information about motivation behind adoption of ERM, challenges of ERM implementation and effects of ERM adoption.
Organizational Connections: The Moderation of Subordinate POS in the Relationship between LMX and Work Outcomes
Authors: Mushonga Shingirayi M.
Published: January 2017

Previous research on leader-member exchange (LMX) has often viewed the supervisor as the primary recipient of organizational resources. These resources often serve as incentives or catalysts for the subordinates to enter a dyadic relationship with the supervisor. However, this research has overlooked the salient role that subordinates play in the initiation of these relationships and their contributions to the organization. The aim of the present study was to examine LMX and perceived organizational support (POS) simultaneously from the subordinate’s perspective and its impact in the development of LMX and work outcomes. Hayes’ process macro (2013) was used to test the moderation model using a sample of 111 subordinates. Results confirm that subordinate POS moderates the relationship between (LMX) and various work outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)). Furthermore, the relationship between LMX and work outcomes was stronger when subordinates had high POS. The implications, limitations, and direction for future research are discussed.
Internet of Things for Measuring Human Activities in Ambient Assisted Living and e-Health
Authors: Rghioui Amine , Sendra Sandra , Lloret Jaime , Oumnad Abedlmajid
Published: January 2017

Internet of things (IoT) is a new paradigm that combines several technologies such as computers, Internet, sensor networks, radio frequency identification (RFID), communication technology and embedded systems to form a system that links the real world with digital world. Currently, a large number of smart objects and different type of devices are interconnected and more and more they are being used in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) scenarios for improving the daily tasks of elderly and disabled people. This paper presents an IoT architecture and protocol for Ambient Assisted Living and e-health. It is designed for heterogeneous AAL and e-health scenarios where an IoT network is the most suitable option to interconnect all elements. Finally, we simulate a medium-size network with four protocols especially designed for networks with important energy constraints in order to show their performance
Comparative Study of a Router Performance with IPv4 and IPv6 Traffic
Authors: Dobrinov Nikola , Parra Lorena , Garcia Laura , Romero Oscar
Published: January 2017

Because of the growth of the number of devices that use the internet, the number of available IPv4 addresses has run out in most parts of the world. IPv6 was created to solve this problem but the migration progress is proceeding at a slower pace that it was expected. This is mostly due to the cost of changing the equipment to one that supports IPv6 and the cost of configuring these devices. Knowing the aspects of a router configuration that are affected by the performance of IPv6 is very important in order to improve the efficiency of IPv6 end facilitate the migration process. In this paper we perform several measures to detect which aspects of the configuration of a bottom and medium range router are affected by IPv6. Two different topologies were used and different combinations of IPv4 and IPv6 traffic are sent. In different test Access Control Lists or IPv6 Routing Extension Headers are used. CPU usage and maxim traffic rate are some evaluated parameters. The router performance is clearly affected by the IPv6 traffic is used, CPU usage increases and the maximum traffic rate decreases.
Making sense of Nordicness, or making Nordicness?
Authors: Ask Kristine , Antonsen Marie , Johansen Anja
Published: January 2017

What is Nordic? Does it make sense to talk about Nordic Scienceand Technology Studies (STS)? If so, what kind of contributionscould Nordic perspectives give to global STS and other disciplines? And what elements of the international field of STS are being developed and honed by Nordic scholars?
Beyond innovation. Towards an extended framework for analysing technology policy
Authors: Sørensen Knut Holtan
Published: January 2017

This paper analyses technology policy as a scholarly concern and political practice that needs to be taken beyond the present somewhat singular focus on innovation and deployment. We also need to include an interest in the making of infrastructure, the provision of regulations, and democratic engagement. Consequently, this paper introduces the concepts of socialisation and domestication to overcome the instrumental, economic framing of technology policy. These concepts highlight the importance of embedding and enacting new technology. The suggested conceptual framework is used in a brief synthetic analysis of four examples of technology policy and technological development in the Norwegian context: cars, wind power, hydrogen for transport, and carbon capture and storage (CCS).
Strife of Brian: Science and Reflexive Reason as a Public Project. An interview with Brian Wynne
Authors: Antonsen Marie , Nilsen Rita Elmkvist
Published: January 2017

We met Brian Wynne in late April 2013. The place was Hell, Norway, which is nicer than it sounds, especially if you are attending the first Nordic STS Conference. We had recently established NJSTS, and when we heard that Brian Wynne was giving a keynote lecture at the conference, we took the opportunity to interview a pioneer in the field about the so-called political turn in STS. The topics of Wynne`s work rangesfrom technology and risk assessment, public risk perceptions, and public understanding of science, focusing on the relations between expert and lay knowledge and policy decision-making. He has promoted STS and its democratizing potential since the very beginning, and has never been known to shy away from the more controversial aspects of public understanding and engagement in science. Neither did he in this interview: It seems despite his strifes, he is still going with a strong programme.Professor Wynne has addended the interview with some clarifications and references.
Fallan (ed.). Scandinavian Design: Alternative Histories
Authors: Mäkikalli Maija
Published: January 2017

N/A
Writing Nature
Authors: Asdal Kristin , Ween Gro Birgit
Published: January 2017

This special issue of the Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies is interested in how nature, in different versions and forms, is invited into our studies, analyses, and stories. How is it that we “write nature”? How is it that we provide space for, and actually describe the actors, agents, or surroundings, in our stories and analyses? The articles in the issue each deal with different understandings of both the practices of writing and the introduction of various natures into these. In this introduction to the issue the editors engage with actor-network theory as a material semiotic resource  for writing nature. We propose to foreground actor-network theory as a writing tool, at the expense of actor-network theory as a distinct vocabulary. In doing this and pointing out the semiotic origins to material-semiotics we also want to  problematize a clear-cut material approach to writing nature.
Stumbling over Animals in the Landscape: Methodological Accidents and Anecdotes
Authors: Syse Karen Victoria Lykke
Published: January 2017

This article explores the potential of giving animals a more prominent role in landscape studies. Through an historical constructivist approach, animals can function as object, text, happening, and as a fragment of a larger environmental history. Using empirical examples from Norway and Scotland, animals’ symbolic, social, and cultural availability are addressed. After presenting two case studies I claim that we can enrich our understanding of rural landscapes by including animals. Animals help uncover the meanings people embed in their landscape. By using the term animalscape, animals can more straightforwardly be incorporated both methodologically and analytically in rural studies.
Tracking Nature Inscribed: Nature in Rights and Bureaucratic Practice
Authors: Ween Gro Birgit
Published: January 2017

Indigenous people live in places that non-indigenous people generally consider nature. As these peoples’ livelihoods often are in this nature, their lives are frequently bureaucratised in ways that most of us would never encounter. This article describes my long-term effort to find ways to explore such bureaucratic processes in practice as part of my contribution to an environmental anthropology. I describe how I methodologically and theoretically explore such processes by using two examples of my writing, the articles “Blåfjella-Skjækerfjella nasjonalpark: Naturforvaltning som produksjon av natur/sted” and “Enacting Human and Non-Human Indigenous Salmon, Sami and Norwegian Natural Resource Management”. The first text describes Sami reindeer herders fighting the establishment of a national park. The other concerns an attempt of the Directorate of Nature Management to reregulate sea salmon fishing. Comparing these two articles, I show the variety of bits of nature that are materialised in bureaucratic process. Agency within such bureaucratic processes is explored with references to the materialities of the coined terms, texts bits, conventions and other legal references, as well as the numbers produced in the documents. Circulated, these bits of nature certainly influence the outcome of environmental controversies – they can contribute to naturalising particular narratives or foreseen outcomes.
‘Getting’ the Pox: Reflections by an Historian on How to Write the History of Early Modern Disease
Authors: Stein Claudia
Published: January 2017

This article reflects upon the recent return to linear history writing in medical history. It takes as its starting point a critique of the current return to constructivist ideas, suggesting the use of other methodological choices and interpretations to the surviving archival and textural sources of the sixteenth century pox. My investigation analyses the diagnostic act as an effort to bring together a study of medical semiotics. Medical semiotics considers how signs speak through the physical body, coached within a particular epistemology. There are no hidden meanings behind the visible sign or symptom - it is tranparent to the calculative and authoritative gaze and language of the doctor. It concerns how diseases came into being, the relationships they have constituted, the power they have secured and the actual knowledge/power they have eclipsed or are eclipsing. From such a perspective, “getting the pox” is not a bad thing. A methodological turn to medical semiotics reminds us that the history of disease should be an inquiry both into the grounds of our current knowledge and beliefs about disease and how they inspire our writing, as well as the analytical categories that establish their inevitability.
‘There is not one single thing that resembles this one.’ Writing human monsters in late eighteenth-century Spain
Authors: Ruud Lise Camilla
Published: January 2017

The article discusses how a malformed set of twins turned into a museum object at the late eighteenth-century el Real Gabinete de Historia Natural in Madrid. Foregrounding the practices through which the twins transformed, it is made clear how museum objects result from de-centered processes. Two different enactments are discussed. The first encompasses the process by which the malformed set of twins transformed into a specimen of interest to the learned. The second enactment addresses how the twins were transported to Madrid through practices of charity. These two versions differed radically, yet they were intimately intertwined, and dependent upon one another.
About the artist
Authors: Nilsen Maja
Published: January 2017

The work of Maja Nilsen is created from memory and imagination, residing somewhere in the tension between autobiographical reference points and poetically immersed dream worlds. She works in a cross/multimedia manner that mostly results in site-specific projects and collages.
The many faces of engagement
Authors: Antonsen Marie , Ask Kristine , Karlstrøm Henrik
Published: January 2017

We live in an age of public engagement.
From Mass Production to Mass Collaboration: Institutionalized Hindrances to Social Platforms in the Workplace
Authors: Pettersen Lene
Published: January 2017

This article addresses the importance of institutionalized practices when social media are introduced as collective platforms for the workplace and why the great engagement envisioned for these tools has yet to be realized in organizational settings. Innovation, in this article, points to practices that individuals perceive as new. Innovation thus also concerns social changes: the introduction of new practices to be employed by individuals within social structures. The dynamics in the workplace and in distributed networks (e.g. Wikipedia) are compared and found to operate with different social structures, with different practices at play, yet collective and engaging actions are expected from employees with the introduction of social platforms. The nature of our notion of work in the workplace is colored by organization and measurement in time and money derived from a capitalistic paradigm, yet drivers at play in distributed networks are not measured in quantitative terms (time and money), but on quality (good work, strong reputation, high social status, and so forth). The article points to findings from a comprehensive qualitative case study of knowledge workers employed in a knowledge-intensive organization in twenty-three countries in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews and field studies of professional knowledge-workers in Norway, Denmark, UK and Morocco was conducted during 2011, with follow-up interviews of eight of the participants from Morocco and Norway after one year. Many of the employees in our study explain that the company’s social platform becomes just another thing to track amidst in an already hectic workday where individual drivers triumph over collective priorities.
Silvast. Anticipating Interruptions - Security and Risk in a Liberalized Electricity Infrastructure.
Authors: Wallsten Björn
Published: January 2017

Antti Silvast. Unigrafia, 2013
Northscapes. History, Technology, and the Making of Northern Environments
Authors: Myklebost Kari Aga
Published: January 2017

Dolly Jørgensen and Sverker Sörlin (eds.), The University of British Columbia Press 2013
Aluminum Dreams
Authors: Ingulstad Mats
Published: January 2017

Mimi Sheller, MIT Press, 2014
From ethics of restriction to ethics of construction: ELSA research in Norway
Authors: Nydal Rune , Myhr Anne Ingeborg , Myskja Bjørn Kåre
Published: January 2017

Current trends in ELSA policies are marked by keywords like collaboration, integration and Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). This article analyzes how these trends have manifested themselves in Norway with the aim to find ways to understand and respond adequately to these policy developments. Recent criticisms of ELSA strategies accompanied by arguments for a turn towards ‘post-ELSI’ research approaches hold that ELSA research was designed to maintain a sharp unproductive normative division of labor between natural scientists on the one hand and ELSA researchers on the other hand. ELSA strategies consequently have to be overcome and restructured towards collaboration, integration and RRI. Our account of the Norwegian ELSA history does not support this simple analysis of the ‘modernist’ character of early ELSA strategies. We present and analyze a shift as it took place in two successive ELSA programs in the Research Council of Norway, and argue that ELSA policies that rest only on post-ELSI analyses, risk reinventing the wheel of collaboration. By insisting on the creation of novel designing strategies, one disregards important lessons from the early phases of ELSA research, and even more importantly, fails to recognize that an ethics of construction implies different challenges for different groups of ELSA researchers.
Jørgensen, Jørgensen and Pritchard (eds.) New Natures: Joining Environmental History with Science and Technology Studies
Authors: Ibsen Hilde
Published: January 2017

N/A
What’s in a slogan? Translational science and the rhetorical work of cancer researchers in a UK university
Authors: Rushforth Alex
Published: January 2017

Translational science is currently proving a highly influential term in framing how biomedical research is promoted and evaluated in a great number of countries. Although there has been a steady trickle of scholarly literature on the topic, the performative uses effects of the term in practices of academic researchers has been under-researched. Drawing on interviews with members of a cancer laboratory and research institute in a UK research university, the paper analyzes various uses and contexts in which the slogan is deployed. The findings demonstrate the multi-dimensional uses of the term across different levels of the organisation, acting at one level as a managerial function for formulating an ‘impact’ narrative, whilst also fulfilling researcher requirements to satisfy demands made of them in pursuing funding and positions. Analyzing how this specific slogan functions in this site evokes a wider set of considerations about the kinds of rhetoric invoked and increasingly expected of cancer scientists in academic settings.