bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN HASIL ANALISIS SPERMA DARI PROSES COITUS INTERRUPTUS DAN MASTURBASI PADA KASUS INFERTILITAS
Authors: Priyanto Edy , Arjadi Fitranto , Agatri Norina
Published: July 2021

Pasangan infertil semakin banyak ditemukan di Indonesia, 40% penyebab infertilitas terkait dengan faktor suami. Analisis sperma merupakan metode untuk mengetahui penyebab infertilitas. Metode masturbasi lebih direkomendasikan dibandingkan coitus interruptus. Kekurangan pada metode masturbasi adalah adanya beban psikologis dan latar belakang agama. Tujuan penelitian adalah membandingkan hasil analisis sperma dari hasil coitus interruptus dan masturbasi pada kasus infertilitas. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 97 laki-laki infertil yang melakukan pemeriksaan di RSIA Bunda Arif pada bulan Januari 2017 – Juni 2018. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling. Analisis sperma menggunakan klasifikasi dari WHO tahun 2010. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna konsentrasi sperma (p=0,043) pada kelompok masturbasi 46,5 ± 7,2 dan kelompok coitus interruptus 18,7 ± 5,3. Hasil yang tidak bermakna pada motilitas (p=0,632) dan morfologi (p=0,722). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah analisis sperma dengan proses masturbasi lebih baik konsentrasinya dibandingkan dengan proses coitus interruptus pada kasus infertilitas.

 

Infertile couples are increasingly found in Indonesia and the 40% of many causes are related to husband factors consequently sperm analysis is needed to predict infertility. A method of masturbation is more recommended than coitus interruptus. The deficiency of masturbation method lies on psychological and religious burden. This research aims at comparing the sperm analysis resulted from coitus interuptus and masturbation in infertility cases. It belongs to observational analityc reserach. The subjects of the research were 97 infertile male patients who underwent examination in RSIA Bunda Arif in January 2017-June 2018 and total sampling method was applied. The sperm analysis utilized WHO classification in 2010 and independent t-test was used in statistics analysis. The results of this study showed the sperm comparison and research results (p = 0.043) in masturbation groups is 46.5 ± 7.2 and the coitus interruptus group is 18.7 ± 5.3 and the result is not suitable for motility (p = 0.632) and morphology (p = 0.722) in spite of the fact that it showed better in the masturbation group. The study concludes that the sperm concentration in sperm analysis in the masturbation process is better and more recommended than that of coitus interruptus.
Up-Dated the Critical Issues of Corneal Cross-Linking (Type-I and II): Safety Dose for Ultra-Thin Cornea, Role of Oxygen and Initiator Regeneration
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng
Published: July 2021

Aims:To update analytic formulas for the overall efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) including both type-I and oxygen-mediated type-II mechanisms, the role of oxygen and the initiator regeneration. Study Design:modeling the kinetics of CXL in UV light and using riboflavin as the photosensitizer.Place and Duration of Study:New Taipei City, Taiwan, between June, 2021 and July, 2021.Methodology:Coupled kinetic equations are derived under the quasi-steady state condition for the 2-pathway mechanisms of CXL. For type-I CXL, the riboflavin (RF) triplet state [T] may interact directly with the stroma collagen substrate [A] to form radical (R) and regenerate initiator. For type-II process, [T] interacts with oxygen to form a singlet oxygen [1O2]. Both reactive radical (R) and [1O2], can relax to their ground state, or interact with the substrate [A]) for crosslinking. Based on a safety dose, the minimum corneal thickness formula is derived. Results:Our updated theory/modeling showed that oxygen plays a limited and transient role in the process, in consistent with that of Kamave [2]. In contrary, Kling et al [3] believed that type-II is the predominant mechanism, which however conflicting with the epi-on CXL results. For both type-I and type-II, a transient state conversion (crosslink) efficacy in an increasing function of light intensity (or dose), whereas, its steady state efficacy is a deceasing function of light intensity. RF depletion in type-I is compensated by the RF regeneration term (RGE) which is a decreasing function of oxygen. For the case of perfect regeneration case (or when oxygen=0), RF is a constant due to the catalytic cycle. Unlike the conventional Dresden rule of 400 um thickness, thin cornea CXL is still safe as far as the dose is under a threshold dose (E*), based on our minimum thickness formula (Z*). Our formula for thin cornea is also clinically shown by Hafez et al forultra thin (214 nm) CXL. Conclusion: For both type-I and type-II, a transient state conversion (crosslink) efficacy in an increasing function of light intensity (or dose), whereas, its steady state efficacy is a deceasing function of light intensity. Ultra thin cornea is still safe as far as it is under a threshold dose (E*), based on our minimum thickness formula.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting-1-Related Protein Kinase (SnRK) Genes in Triticum aestivum in Response to Abiotic Stress
Authors: Mishra Shefali , Sharma Pradeep , Singh Rajender , Tiwari ratan , Singh Gyanendra Pratap
Published: July 2021

The SnRK gene family is a key regulator playing an important role in plant stress response by phosphorylating the target protein to regulate the signalling pathways. The function of SnRK gene family has been reported in many species but is limited to Triticum asetivum. In this study, SnRK gene family in the wheat genome was identified and its structural characteristics were described. One hundred forty-seven SnRK genes distributed across 21 chromosomes were identified in the Triticum aestivum genome and categorised into three subgroups (SnRK1/2/3) based on phylogenetic analyses and domain types. The gene intron-exon structure and protein-motif composition of SnRKs were similar within each subgroup but different amongst the groups. Gene duplication between the wheat, Arabidopsis, rice and barley genomes was also investigated in order to get insight into the evolutionary aspects of the TaSnRK family genes. SnRK genes showed differential expression patterns in leaves, roots, spike, and grains. Redundant stress-related cis-elements were also found in the promoters of 129 SnRK genes and their expression levels varied widely following drought, ABA and light regulated elements. In particular, TaSnRK2.11 had higher and increased expression under the abiotic stresses and can be a candidate gene for the abiotc stress tolerance. The findings will aid in the functional characterization of TaSnRK genes for further research.
Моделирование обтекания винта на адаптивной неструктурированной сетке с использованием метода погруженных границ
Authors: Цветкова Валерия Олеговна , Tsvetkova Valeriya Olegovna , Абалакин Илья Владимирович , Abalakin Ilya Vladimirivich , Бобков Владимир Георгиевич , Bobkov Vladimir Georgievich , Жданова Наталья Сергеевна , Zhdanova Natal'ya Sergeevna , Козубская Татьяна Константиновна , Kozubskaya Tatiana Konstantinovna , Кудрявцева Людмила Николаевна , Kudryavtseva Lyudmila Nikolaevna
Published: July 2021

Представлена методика моделирования обтекания вязким сжимаемым газом подвижного тела на односвязной неструктурированной сетке, что возможно при использовании метода погруженных границ, и особенности ее применения для расчета течения около вращающегося винта. Важной частью методики является адаптация подвижной, сохраняющей свою топологию сетки к поверхности обтекаемого тела. Положение и форма тела задаются интерполяционной решеткой, на которой хранится расстояние до поверхности тела, а также нормали к поверхности. Методика применяется для расчета обтекания вращающегося в потоке винта. Задача рассматривается в двумерной постановке. Форма винта имеет участки высокой кривизны, которые требуют специального подхода при адаптации к границам. Приведены результаты расчета задачи обтекания вращающегося винта, а также ряда вспомогательных задач, рассмотренных в целях верификации разработанной методики.
Tingkat kesesuaian infrastruktur Kampung Batik Laweyan Kota Surakarta berdasarkan konsep ramah lingkungan
Authors: Anugrahaningrum Apriniata Andip , Yudana Galing , Aliyah Istijabatul
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan Kampung Batik Laweyan yang berfungsi sebagai permukiman, pariwisata, dan aktivitas industri tidak terlepas dari elemen-elemen di dalamnya; salah satunya yaitu ketersediaan infrastruktur. Infrastruktur ramah lingkungan merupakan konsep yang diperlukan dalam sebuah kawasan untuk mewujudkan ruang yang aman, nyaman, dan berkelanjutan tanpa menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Akan tetapi pada kenyataannya, infrastruktur di Kampung Batik Laweyan masih menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan, salah satunya yaitu terlihat dari kondisi Sungai Jenes yang masih tercemar. Permasalahan tersebut menjadi hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan karena akan berpengaruh terhadap berjalannya aktivitas di Kampung Batik Laweyan. Menteri Perindustrian Indonesia pun menghimbau agar seluruh sentra industri batik yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia menjadi  sentra yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian infrastruktur Kampung Batik Laweyan Kota Surakarta berdasarkan konsep ramah lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deduktif dengan analisis data yang digunakan yaitu teknik analisis skoring deskriptif yang disesuaikan terhadap teori terkait. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesesuaian infrastruktur di Kampung Batik Laweyan termasuk pada tingkat kesesuaian sedang, artinya berdasarkan perhitungan rata-rata pada seluruh variabel menyatakan kondisi infrastruktur di kawasan ini cukup memenuhi terhadap indikator ramah lingkungan. Jenis infrastruktur yang tergolong sangat sesuai terhadap indikator ramah lingkungan adalah jaringan drainase, jaringan air limbah, dan jaringan air bersih. Sedangkan jenis infrastruktur yang dinilai kurang ramah lingkungan adalah jaringan listrik dan pengelolaan persampahan.
Konsep kota hijau dan peningkatan ketahanan kota di Indonesia
Authors: Fuady Mirza
Published: July 2021

Sebagai upaya mengatasi berbagai persoalan kota seperti semakin berkurangnya ruang terbuka hijau akibat meningkatnya ruang terbangun dalam kota, beberapa kota di Indonesia termasuk kota Banda Aceh sudah menerapkan konsep Kota Hijau. Implementasi konsep Kota Hijau yang berbasis lingkungan menuntut kesiapan pemerintah dan warga kota untuk saling berpartisipasi mendukung konsep Kota Hijau yang diharapkan berdampak positif meningkatkan ketahanan kota. Namun keberhasilan penerapan konsep ini membutuhkan keseriusan pemerintah kota dalam membuat kebijakan pro lingkungan dan keaktifan peran komunitas hijau yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan penerapan konsep Kota Hijau di Indonesia dan dampaknya dalam meningkatkan ketahanan kota.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dalam mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data terkait implementasi konsep Kota Hijau di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep Kota Hijau secara umum memberikan keuntungan bagi masyarakat dengan makin meningkatnya kuantitas dan kualitas ruang terbuka hijau dalam kota. Meskipun konsep Kota Hijau belum seutuhnya berhasil diwujudkan oleh pemerintah kota di Indonesia namun penyempurnaannya terus dilakukan secara berkesinambungan. Sinergi dari kebijakan pemerintah dan peran masyarakat secara sistematis dan konsisten dalam menerapkan atribut hijau dalam konsep Kota Hijau berdampak positif bagi ketahanan dan keberlanjutan kota.
Adherence to Attendance at Outpatient Clinic and Longterm Survival of Patients after Stroke in Outpatient Setting: the Data of REGION-M Registry
Authors: Martsevich S. Yu. , Tolpygina S. N. , Chernysheva M. I. , Zagrebelny A. V. , Voronina V. P. , Lukyanov M. M. , Kutishenko N. P. , Dmitrieva N. A. , Lerman O. V. , Lukina Yu. V. , Blagodatskikh S. V. , Okshina E. Yu. , Parsadanyan N. E.
Published: July 2021

Aim. Assess the two-year survival rate of patients who have undergone acute cerebral circulation disorder, depending on their commitment to visiting the district polyclinic before and after discharge from the hospital.

Material and methods. The outpatient part of the REGION-M register included 684 patients attached to the Moscow City Polyclinic №64, discharged from the Moscow City Clinical Hospital n.a. F.I. Inozemtsev of from 01.01.2012 to 04.30.2017 with a confirmed diagnosis of acute cerebral circulation disorder (cerebral stroke / transient ischemic attack).

Results. Of the entire cohort, 83.2% of patients and 84.2% after hospital discharge attended the clinic during the year before the development of reference acute cerebral circulation disorder. Patients who attended the clinic before and after the reference stroke were older, more likely to have diabetes, comorbid disease and disability. For 22 months of follow-up, mortality was 28.8% (197 out of 684 people). Among those who applied and did not apply to the clinic before the reference acute cerebral circulation disorder, the difference in mortality tended to be reliable (27.4% versus 35.7%, p <0.1), while mortality was almost twice as low among patients who applied to the clinic at least 1 time after discharge (25.7%) than among patients who did not apply after discharge - 45.4%, p<0.0001. When adjusting for sex and age (the relative risk of death for them was 1.009, 95% confidence interval 1.005-1.01 2, p<0.0001 ), the statistical validity of reducing the risk of death was maintained when patients were committed to visiting the clinic after discharge - the relative risk of death 0.366 (95% confidence interval 0.269-0.500, p<0.0001 ).

Conclusion. Lower mortality among those who visited the district polyclinic after undergoing stroke confirms the important role of medical observation in the posthospital period. At the same time, there is a reserve in improving the long-term prognosis of the lives of patients who have suffered a cerebral stroke or transient ischemic attack, due to greater coverage of patients with medical supervision in the clinic.
An Integrated Approach to the Management of a Multimorbid Patient with Atrial Fibrillation from the Standpoint of Modern Guidelines: Rivaroxaban is in Focus
Authors: Larina V. N. , Oynotkinova O. Sh. , Majorova A. P. , Egiazarian G. A. , Demidova T. Yu.
Published: July 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex pathology that requires an integrated approach in both diagnosis and treatment, including optimal prevention of thrombosis, control of clinical symptoms, and identification and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. The article analyzes some of the new positions of the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology on atrial fibrillation, presented in 2020. Effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed in the management of patients with AF in conditions of multimorbidity. The basic principles of the CC to ABC concept, introduced with the aim of improving a structured approach to the treatment of patients with AF, and the 4S-AF regimen necessary for decision on the use of oral anticoagulants, choosing a method of control of the rhythm and / or its frequency, choosing between ablation, cardioversion and antiarrhythmic drugs, as well as to determine the mode of treatment of major cardiovascular diseases. To improve the prognosis and achieve the best results in these patients, the most important is to reduce the risk of stroke, control cardiovascular risks and comorbidities, and ensure high adherence to the therapy within the framework of the concept of comprehensive patient protection. Rivaroxaban is considered by the authors of the article as one of the drugs that provides comprehensive anticoagulant protection of patients with AF. The efficacy profile of rivaroxaban in the prevention of acute cerebrovascular accident and high safety rates were confirmed in a population of multimorbid AF patients of different ages and the highest risk of stroke and / or bleeding.
Evaluation of Procalcitonin Levels in Patients with Various Forms of Acute Coronary Syndrome, Depending on the Presence of Adverse Hospital Outcomes
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Zakharova V. A.
Published: July 2021

Aim. to study the levels of procalcitonin in patients with various forms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), depending on the presence of adverse hospital outcomes.

Materials and Methods. The study included 222 patients admitted to the emergency cardiology department with a diagnosis of ACS in the period from March 2014. until January 2017. Of these, 106 (47.7 %) patients were diagnosed with unstable angina (NS) and 116 (52.3%) with myocardial infarction (MI). Non ST segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) was diagnosed in 47 (40.5%) patients with MI, and ST elevation MI (STEMI) – in 69 (59.5%) patients with MI. After the assessment of the patient's compliance with the criteria for inclusion/exclusion in the study, the procedure for signing the patient's informed consent form was carried out. The protocol of the study was approved by the local Ethics committee of the M. E. Zhadkevich State Clinical Hospital. In each study subgroup, the presence of adverse outcomes during the current hospitalization was assessed: cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal acute cerebrovascular accident, acute heart failure, as well as a combined endpoint, including all of the listed adverse outcomes. All patients, in addition to routine laboratory methods of investigation, were examined for the level of procalcitonin at admission to the hospital, on 2-3 and 4-5 days.

Results. Patients with MI compared to patients with NS were characterized by a large number of registered endpoints in general (24.1% vs. 6.6%, p<0.001), while in the group of patients with MI, cardiovascular death was more often recorded (10.3% vs. 0.9%, p<0.001) and acute heart failure (12.9% vs. 5.6%, p=0.009). Patients with MI, in particular with STEMI, who had adverse hospital outcomes, were characterized by statistically significantly higher levels of procalcitonin compared to patients without adverse hospital outcomes. Patients with STEMI showed significantly higher levels of procalcitonin at all stages of the disease, and patients with MI-only at 2-3 and 4-5 days. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of procalcitonin at all stages of the disease in patients with NSTEMI and with unstable angina, depending on the hospital outcomes.

Conclusion. Elevated procalcitonin levels in patients with MI, in particular with STEMI, are associated with adverse hospital outcomes; for other forms of ACS, no statistically significant differences were observed with different hospital outcomes.
Heart Condition in Convalescents of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome According to Echocardiography Data
Authors: Manakhov K. M. , Tsarenko O. E. , Chevplyanskaya O. N. , Bagautdinova L. I. , Melnikov A. V. , Malinin O. V. , Dudarev M. V. , Sarksyan D. S. , Platonov A. E. , Maleev V. V.
Published: July 2021

Aim. To study the morpho-functional parameters of the heart in convalescents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) using echocardiography.

Material and methods. The study included 27 patients without any chronic diseases who had severe or moderate HFRS (the main group) within 3 weeks after their discharge from the infection diseases hospital. The reference group consisted of 19 patients comparable by age and gender, without any chronic diseases. Transthoracic echocardiography was the basic method of heart and hemodynamics investigation. The test was performed using tissue Doppler and non-Doppler assessment of left ventricle systolic deformation method (speckle-tracking method).

Results. Violation of longitudinal systolic deformation of the left ventricle was observed in 15 (55.6%) patients, which was combined with diastolic left ventricle filling by the type of relaxation violation in 8 (29.6%) cases. Mitral valve insufficiency of 1 degree was identified in 11 (40.7%) HFRS patients, insufficiency of the tricuspid valve of 1 degree was identified in 4 (14.8%) patients. Pericardial effusion was detected in 2 (7.4%) patients. In 7 (25.9%) patients in the first 3 weeks after discharge from the hospital, additional floating echoes were detected on the leaves and fibrous ring of the aortic valve, which were considered as a manifestation of thromboendocarditis.

Conclusion. Further investigation is necessary to assess the prognostic value (including the risk of thromboembolic complication developing) of the changes revealed in HFRS convalescents and to support the inclusion of echocardiography in the examination program during dispensary observation of HFRS-convalescents.
SARS-COV-2 В ГВИНЕЙСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ: ФРАГМЕНТАРНОЕ И ПОЛНОГЕНОМНОЕ СЕКВЕНИРОВАНИЕ.
Authors: Крицкий Андрей , Краснов Ярослав , Кейта Мамаду , Кейта Сакоба , Федоров Андрей , Шевцова Анастасия , Гусева Наталья , Казорина Екатерина , Соседова Екатерина , Катышев Александр , Нарышкина Екатерина , Коломоец Елена , Щербакова Светлана , Попова Анна , Кутырев Владимир
Published: July 2021

При помощи фрагментарного (S ген) и полногеномного секвенирования 14 изолятов SARS-CoV-2 циркулировавших на территории Гвинейской Республики в мае и июне 2020 года, а также в марте 2021 года показана их генетическая разнородность. Анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей и филогенетические построения позволяют разделить исследованные штаммы на 3 группы. Сопоставление полученных данных с уже имеющимися эпидемиологическими данными доказывает первоначальный завоз COVID19 из стран Западной Европы, а также демонстрирует четыре независимых пути завоза в два временных периода (март 2020 года и не позднее марта 2021 года).
Prevalence of Shoulder Arthroplasty in the United States and the Increasing Burden of Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Farley Kevin X. , Wilson Jacob M. , Kumar Anjali , Gottschalk Michael B. , Daly Charles , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Wagner Eric R.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Existing data on the epidemiology of shoulder arthroplasty are limited to future projections of incidence. However, the prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty (the number of individuals with a shoulder arthroplasty alive at a certain time and its implications for the burden of revision procedures) remains undetermined for the United States. Hence, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty in the United States.

Methods:

The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried to count all patients who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), including both anatomic and reverse TSA, and hemiarthroplasty between 1988 and 2017. The counting method was used to calculate the current prevalence of TSA and hemiarthroplasty using age and sex-specific population and mortality data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

Results:

In 2017, an estimated 823,361 patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 809,267 to 837,129 patients) were living in the United States with a shoulder replacement. This represents a prevalence of 0.258%, increasing markedly from 1995 (0.031%) and 2005 (0.083%). Female patients had a higher prevalence at 0.294% than male patients at 0.221%. Over 2% of people who were ≥80 years of age in the United States were living with a shoulder replacement. Furthermore, approximately 60% of patients living with a shoulder replacement had undergone the operation between 2013 and 2017. The incidence of revision shoulder arthroplasty is increasing on an annual basis, with 10,290 revision procedures performed in 2017, costing the U.S. health-care system $205 million.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty in the United States has markedly increased over time. This trend will likely continue given increasing life expectancies and exponentially increasing shoulder arthroplasty incidence rates. Most patients do not have long-term follow-up, and revision shoulder arthroplasty rates are increasing, a trend that is projected to continue. The data from our study highlight the enormous public health impact of shoulder replacement and shed light on a potentially increasing revision burden.
Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review
Authors: Douglas Thomas A. , Hiemstra Christopher A. , Jones Miriam C. , Arnold Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2021

Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.
Geographic features and environmental consequences of coffee tourism and coffee consumption in Budapest.
Authors: Dávid Lóránt , Remenyik Bulcsú , Adol Gogo Fredrick Collins
Published: July 2021

As a survey by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (2019) confirms coffee is consumed in 83% of Hungarian households, thus our country can be considered to be one of the major coffee drinking nations.   At the end of the 19th century and the turn of the twentieth Budapest with its internationally famous and unique coffee culture was known as the coffeehouse capital. Post-modern tourism revived this tradition and coffee became once again a favourite consumer item while cafés turned into scenes of community life. The latest stage of the coffeehouse renaissance was partly due to the increasing role of American type café chains including McCafé, Starbucks, California Coffee Company etc. and the drop in the price of the Arabica coffee. Our research focuses on the impact of this new type of coffee consumption wave on the coffee habits of Hungarians. The American café chains have become widespread in Europe and their ability to keep the price of coffee low worldwide demonstrates significant market power. While coffee consumption has several benefits from a physiological point of view, its environmental impact is detrimental to the planet. Coffee cultivation contributes to the destruction of rainforests, the changing of the soil and last but not least results in a high amount of solid waste due to the popularity of coffee capsules. Our treatise explores these concerns as well.
Bedload transport measurements on the Maros river, Hungary
Authors: Kiss Tímea , Amissah Gabriel J. , Mezősi Gábor , Fiala Károly , Sipos György
Published: July 2021

Sediment transport is a vital component in hydrological and fluvial geomorphological studies, however, the temporal and spatial changes in sediment fluxes, and the efficiency of bedload samplers are rarely analysed, as bedload measurements are quite difficult. The aim of the present study is to measure the bedload transport of the sand-bedded Maros River (Hungary) at low stages using the Helley-Smith bedload sampler. In order to understand the variability in the bedload transport, the water stage and discharge across the channel section were also measured. The variability of the bedload was caused by an active in-channel bar and translational sediment pulses. The created bedload transport rating curve could be applied just below 300 m3/s water discharge thus further measurements are needed to evaluate the bedload transport of higher discharges.
Comparison of soil moisture indices and field measurements in hilly agricultural lands of SW Hungary
Authors: Nagy Gábor , Lóczy Dénes , Czigány Szabolcs , Hrvatin Mauro , Ciglič Rok
Published: July 2021

The retention of surface runoff and the preservation of soil moisture are among the most important water-related ecosystem services. In addition to field monitoring, advanced remote sensing techniques have been devised to reveal soil moisture dynamics on agricultural land. In our study we compare two soil moisture indices, TWI and SAVI, in three agricultural areas with different land use types. The SAVI has been found suitable to point out spatial variation on the moisture conditions of the vadose zone.
A historic geographic approach to the anthropic disturbance in the Bükk region
Authors: Sütő László , Balogh Szabolcs , Novák József Tibor , Homoki Erika , Rózsa Péter
Published: July 2021

This paper introduce a historical geographical study on the process of land cover transformation in the Bükk Region, which can be regarded as a two-faced area concerning its anthropogenic disturbance. Based on historic mapping that began as early as the late 18th century, a database was produced, and the data was interpreted in the context of economic and social processes that took place in the area. Results could be presented in maps using the so-called Anthropogenic Disturbance Index (ADI). These maps demonstrate the peculiar land use pattern in the Bükk Region, namely co-habitation of the significantly transformed margins and the natural or quasi-natural central part. Between them, there are linear areas of intermediate disturbance. These areas, however, due to the foundation and activity of the Bükk National Park and modification of their economic value after the change of the political system, have not increased during the last several decades; rather a re-naturalization of the landscape is aimed.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ФИНАНСОВОГО КРИЗИСА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОАО «СБЕРБАНК РОССИИ»)
Authors: АГЕЕВА А.
Published: July 2021

В статье автор рассматривает проблему управления организацией в условиях финансового кризиса, возможность использования руководством антикризисных методов управления, для выхода из сложившейся ситуации, на примере ОАО «Сбербанк России».
УНИВЕРСИТЕТСКИЙ БИЗНЕС-ИНКУБАТОР: НОВЫЕ МОДЕЛИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: УГОЛЬНИКОВА О. , ШАРАФУТДИНОВА Л.
Published: July 2021

Автор рассмотрел возможную структуру, порядок создания, управления и пути развития университетского бизнес-инкубатора в сфере услуг, а также деятельность по повышению эффективности деятельности бизнес-инкубатора.
ИННОВАЦИИ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЕКТАМИ В РОССИИ
Authors: ИВАНОВ В. , КУШНИР И.
Published: July 2021

В данной статье представлен реализуемый в Оренбургской области инновационный проект сферы «зеленая экономика» и связанный с его управлением, в том числе – этапами реализации проекта.
КОНСТИТУЦИОННО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ РЕФЕРЕНДУМОВ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Authors: ДЕМИЧЕВ Д.
Published: July 2021

В статье исследуются отдельные аспекты подготовки, проведения, порядка голосования, подведения итогов республиканских и местных референдумов. Раскрывается практика их проведения в советское и постсоветское время в Республике Беларусь. Проводится сравнительный анализ законодательства о референдумах в различных странах. Вносятся конкретные предложения по совершенствованию некоторых норм Избирательного кодекса Республики Беларусь, регулирующих порядок назначения и проведения референдумов.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ (КЛАСТЕРА)
Authors: ЧИГАРИН А.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению аспектов развития образовательной среды. В ней рассмотрен организационный механизм формирования образовательной среды в управлении образованием региона.
МОДЕРНИЗАЦИОННЫЙ КОУЧИНГ В СИСТЕМЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ (ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ ПЕРСОНАЛА)
Authors: ПАСТУХОВ А.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена модернизации профессионального образования, управлению знаниями, коучингу и технологиям повышения компетенций персонала. В ней представлены направления модернизации высшего профессионального образования.
ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ НАУКИ, ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КАК ФАКТОР ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ ПЕРСОНАЛА
Authors: ВЛАСОВ Ю.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению управленческих аспектов развития образования и модернизации образования: интеграции науки, образования и практики хозяйствования. В ней рассмотрен организационный механизм управления образованием и качеством образования, формированием компетенций персонала.
МЕХАНИЗМ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОГРАММ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОГО БАКАЛАВРИАТА В САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОМ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ
Authors: КИРИЛЕНКО В.
Published: July 2021

Европейская стратегия «2020», а также стратегия России развития туризма сосредоточены инновациях, включая обучение. Механизм их реализации формируется в университетском бизнесинкубаторе, который создает условия наиболее благоприятные условия для молодых предпринимателей. Развитие экологии и туристических направлений в России и странах Балтии зависит от равного взаимодействия на различных уровнях в правительстве, бизнесе и образовании. Опыт создания «зеленой экономики» в Европе интересен и востребован в России.
РАЗВИТИЕ БАНКОВСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: ДРОЗДОВ Г. , ЧУРИЛИН А.
Published: July 2021

статья посвящена рассмотрению тенднций развития банковской системы в условиях современной экономики. В ней рассмотрены история, принципы и тенденции организации банковской деятельности.
Making Care Count: An Overview of the Women’s Economic Empowerment and Care Initiative
Authors: Hall Sarah , Aranas Mark Vincent , Parkes Amber
Published: July 2021

Across the globe, unpaid care and domestic work (UCDW) sustains communities and economies, provides essential care for children, sick and elderly people and those living with disabilities, and keeps households clean and families fed. Without unpaid care, the global economy as we know it would grind to a halt. Yet this work falls disproportionately on women and girls, limiting their opportunities to participate in decent paid employment, education, leisure and political life. Heavy and unequal UCDW traps women and girls in cycles of poverty and stops them from being part of solutions. To help address this, Oxfam, together with a number of partners, has been working in over 25 countries to deliver the Women’s Economic Empowerment and Care (WE-Care) programme since 2013. WE-Care aims to reignite progress on gender equality by addressing heavy and unequal UCDW. By recognizing, reducing and redistributing UCDW, WE-Care is promoting a just and inclusive society where women and girls have more choice at every stage of their lives, more opportunities to take part in economic, social and political activities, and where carers’ voices are heard in decision making about policies and budgets at all levels. This overview document aims to highlight the approaches taken and lessons learned on unpaid care that Oxfam has implemented in collaboration with partners in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
Evaluating Two Novel Handwashing Hardware and Software Solutions in Kyaka II Refugee Settlement, Uganda
Authors: Tolani Foyeke , Ojeni Betty , Mubatsi Johnson , Morris Jamae Fontain , D'Amico M.
Published: July 2021

The Promotion and Practice Handwashing Kit (PPHWK), a robust, user-friendly handwashing station, and Mum’s Magic Hands (MMH), a creative hygiene promotion strategy, were evaluated in a clustered randomized controlled trial in Kyaka II refugee settlement in Uganda. The trial evaluated whether their provision increased handwashing with soap practice among residents, with a focus on three community intervention arms and two school-based intervention arms. The findings outlined in this report suggest that exposure to both the PPHWK and MMH increased hygiene knowledge and handwashing behaviour with soap, and improved health outcomes. Intervention households also preferred the PPHWK over existing handwashing stations, typically a basic bucket with a tap.
Missing in Action: Experiences of women with climate journalism
Authors: Ebrahim Zofeen
Published: July 2021

This booklet narrates the stories of five female journalists from Pakistan who are working on environment- and climate-change-related issues. Women are being disproportionately and adversely impacted by climate change and female journalists are uniquely placed to understand and share their stories. However, these journalists are ‘missing in action’ from the media in sharing their experiences of environmental activism and climate action. The publication covers a range of challenges journalists face, from limitations on mobility and harassment, to gender-based discrimination in media houses. It highlights why environmental issues sometimes make headlines while remaining dormant at others.
Congestion-aware and Predictive Geo-Casting Routing Mechanisms for Mobile ad hoc Network
Authors: Hashim Ahlam
Published: July 2021

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) has gained remarkable appreciation during the last decade because of its high flexibility. Due to high mobility and unpredictable topology changes, most of the existing routing protocols are unable to adapt to these changes and efficient route selection becomes a challenging task. The existing routing protocols incur high control overhead during route discovery process, tendency to select an unreliable route and high data packet loss during route maintenance. Therefore, this paper presents A Congestion-aware and Predictive Geo-casting Routing Mechanism (CPGR) for MANET that optimally utilize the constrained network resources and reliably detect high-quality links. CPGR exploits a multi-facet routing strategy that takes into consideration the congestion level, relatively higher signal strength, and hop-counts of neigh- boring nodes while making routing decisions. This strategy not only ensures data dissemination via high quality nodes but also balances out resource consumption among nodes while traversing through shorter paths. Demonstrated by simulation results in NS-2, CPGR achieves improved performance in terms of end-to-end delay, control overhead, and packet delivery ratio as compared to existing solutions.
Verbal intelligence is a more robust cross-sectional measure of cognitive reserve than level of education in healthy older adults
Authors: Boyle Rory , Knight Silvin P , De Looze Céline , Carey Daniel , Scarlett Siobhan , Stern Yaakov , Robertson Ian H , Kenny Rose Anne , Whelan Robert
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCognitive reserve is most commonly measured using socio-behavioural proxy variables. These variables are easy to collect, have a straightforward interpretation, and are widely associated with reduced risk of dementia and cognitive decline in epidemiological studies. However, the specific proxies vary across studies and have rarely been assessed in complete models of cognitive reserve (i.e., alongside both a measure of cognitive outcome and a measure of brain structure). Complete models can test independent associations between proxies and cognitive function in addition to the moderation effect of proxies on the brain-cognition relationship. Consequently, there is insufficient empirical evidence guiding the choice of proxy measures of cognitive reserve and poor comparability across studies.MethodIn a cross-sectional study, we assessed the validity of 5 common proxies (education, occupational complexity, verbal intelligence, leisure activities, and exercise) and all possible combinations of these proxies in 2 separate community-dwelling older adult cohorts: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA; N = 313, mean age = 68.9 years, range = 54–88) and the Cognitive Reserve/Reference Ability Neural Network Study (CR/RANN; N = 234, mean age = 64.49 years, range = 50–80). 15 models were created with 3 brain structure variables (grey matter volume, hippocampal volume, and mean cortical thickness) and 5 cognitive variables (verbal fluency, processing speed, executive function, episodic memory, and global cognition).ResultsNo moderation effects were observed. There were robust positive associations with cognitive function, independent of brain structure, for 2 individual proxies (verbal intelligence and education), and 16 composites (i.e., combinations of proxies). Verbal intelligence was statistically significant in all models. Education was significant only in models with executive function as the cognitive outcome variable. Three robust composites were observed in more than two thirds of brain-cognition models: the composites of 1) occupational complexity and verbal intelligence, 2) education and verbal intelligence, and 3) education, occupational complexity and verbal intelligence. However, no composite had larger average effects nor was more robust than verbal intelligence alone.ConclusionThese results support the use of verbal intelligence as a proxy measure of CR in cross-sectional studies of cognitively healthy older adults.
Efficacy of Using High-Dose Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone in Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Retrospective Before-After Study
Authors: Wali Haytham , Malik William , Mayette Juliane
Published: July 2021

Background/Objective Sepsis can be associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species that deplete antioxidant molecules and increase the consumption of vitamin C, which correlates with multiorgan failure and death. Intravenous vitamin C may protect several microvascular functions, including capillary blood flow, microvascular permeability barrier, and arteriolar responsiveness to vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. This study was conducted to assess the practice of administering high-dose vitamin C in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock at our institution retrospectively.Methods We conducted an electronic health record (EHR)-based, retrospective, before-after study. The primary objective was to assess the efficacy of using a high-dose vitamin C regimen in decreasing hospital mortality. A two-sided P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 84 patient records were included in this study. Administration of high-dose vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone was associated with higher hospital mortality (64.3% versus 42.9%; P = 0.049), higher ICU mortality (59.5% versus 42.9%; P = 0.07), shorter ICU length of stay (three versus seven days; P = 0.53), higher incidence of acute kidney injury (61.9% versus 26.2%; P = 0.001), and a higher requirement for renal replacement therapy (76.9% versus 45.5%; P = 0.06).Conclusion Administration of high-dose vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone in critical care patients with sepsis or septic shock was associated with higher hospital mortality and higher incidence of acute kidney injury.
Oral Metronidazole and Cefixime as Prophylaxis on Wound Complications of Uncomplicated Appendicitis Following Appendectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ayazi Khosro , Tofigh Arash Mohammadi , Qaderi Shohra , Tarki Farzad Esmaeili , Samsami Majid , Nematihonar Behzad , Tahmasbi Hamed , Bagherpour Javad Zebarjadi
Published: July 2021

Backgrounds

Without proper use of prophylactic antibiotics, the chance of infection at the site of surgery after appendectomy is around 10 to 30%. Although, in the case of nonperforated appendicitis, the therapeutic use of antibiotic prophylaxis is still contentious. Cephalosporins and Metronidazole has been shown to be effective against anaerobe micro-organisms, and its bioavailability after oral and parenteral administration is comparable. The aim of this research is to compare the incidence of infection-related complications following open appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis in patients who were given prophylactic antibiotics (Metronidazole and Cephalosporins) either intravenously or orally.
Materials & Methods

In this randomized clinical trial, the open appendectomy was performed on 200 non-perforated appendicitis cases; 87 females and 113 males, with a mean age of 26 years. Of all the enrolled, 100 cases were given single-dose metronidazole and Cefixime orally (study group), and 100 cases were given single-dose intravenous metronidazole and Ceftriaxone (control group).
Results

The wound infection incidence did not vary substantially between the two groups. (5% and 7% in the control and case group, respectively, P = 0.552). In addition, the length of hospitalization was also similar between both groups (2.4 and 2.6 days in the in the case and control group, respectively, P = 168).
Conclusion

All in all, it has been concluded that a single-dose metronidazole and Cefixime taken orally before surgery could bestow impactful prophylactic effects for nonperforated appendicitis cases. Therefore, it could be used instead of the parenteral antibiotics (Intravenous Metronidazole and Ceftriaxone).
Hyperuricemia Resistant to a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, Topiroxostat: a Case Report
Authors: Kimura Takahide , Yamada Seiki , Tanemoto Masayuki
Published: July 2021

Hyperuricemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. Gout is a clinical symptom of hyperuricemia, and lowering serum uric acid concentration has been recommended to prevent its recurrence. We present a case whose hyperuricemia was resistant to a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, febuxostat, but not another inhibitor, topiroxostat, while both are presumed to inhibit the same enzymatic center of this rate-limiting enzyme for uric acid production. The different efficacy indicates that xanthine oxidase inhibitors are not interchangeable even among those acting on the same site of the enzyme.
The Study of Clinical Pharmacist Participating in the Pain Management of Outpatients with Cancer in A Prescription Period
Authors: Ren Xiayang , Yang Jun , Li Guohui , Cong Minghua
Published: July 2021

Purpose. The management of outpatients with cancer painis very important for medication safety. Medical interviews by CP is conducive to pain management. Our objective was to describe the contribution of the clinical pharmacist (CP) to outpatients in pain-relief clinic.Methods. This was a prospective, case-by-case self-control study. One clinical pharmacist conducted three questionnaire surveys. The first happened in the clinic face to face, the second by telephone one week later after the visit and the third by telephone two weeks later. The interventions by CP and comprehensive pain assessment (scored by NRS, sleep, mood and general activities) were both recorded. Analgesic-related knowledge were delivered by CP and were measured both before and after therapy. 1.Department of Pharmacy ,National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China E-mail: erxia100@163.com2.Department of Comprehensive Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China E-mail: doccong@vip.163.comResults. 51 patients were enrolled. The top 5 interventions in the first telephone interview(second survey) was suggestions for treating adverse drug reactions(47%), correcting the wrong usage(35%), medication education(26%), recommendations for dosage adjustment(18%) and suggestions for further treatment(15%). While in the second telephone interview (third survey), the rankings were totally inverted. Comprehensive pain assessment showed better in the first interview and then worse in the second. Analgesic-related knowledge increased significantly after the education by CP.Conclusions. CP made a totally different interventions at the different stages of medication in the outpatients with cancer pain,which may be related to the pain control. Patients’ knowledge regarding analgesics significantly increased after education by CP.