bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silkworm Cocoon: Dual Functions as a Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Raw Material of Promising Biocompatible Carriers
Authors: Tian Zhijie , Zhao Chuncao , Huang Ting , Yu Lining , Sun Yijie , Tao Yian , Cao Yunfeng , Du Ruofei , Lin Wenhui , Zeng Jia
Published: June 2024

The silkworm cocoon (SC), both as a traditional Chinese medicine and as the raw material for biocompatible carriers, has been extensively used in the medical and biomedical fields. This review elaborates on the multiple functions of SC, with an in-depth analysis of its chemical composition, biological activities, as well as its applications in modern medicine. The primary chemical components of SC include silk fibroin (SF), silk sericin (SS), and other flavonoid-like bioactive compounds demonstrating various biological effects. These include hypoglycemic, cardioprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial actions, which highlight its potential therapeutic benefits. Furthermore, the review explores the applications of silk-derived materials in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and in vitro diagnostics. It also highlights the progression of SC from laboratory research to clinical trials, emphasizing the safety and efficacy of SC-based materials across multiple medical domains. Moreover, we discuss the market products developed from silk proteins, illustrating the transition from traditional uses to contemporary medical applications. This review provides support in understanding the current research status of SC and the further development and application of its derived products.
Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Anticancer Drug Combination Functionalized with Folic Acid as Nanocarrier for Targeted Delivery of Methotrexate
Authors: Yanikoglu Reyhan , Karakas Canan Yagmur , Ciftci Fatih , Insel Mert Akın , Karavelioglu Zeynep , Varol Rahmetullah , Yilmaz Abdurrahim , Cakir Rabia , Uvet Hüseyin , Ustundag Cem Bulent
Published: June 2024

Graphene has become a prominent material in cancer research in recent years. Graphene and its derivatives also attract attention as carriers in drug delivery systems. In this study, we designed a graphene oxide (GO)-based methotrexate (MTX)-loaded and folic acid (FA)-linked drug delivery system. MTX and FA were bound to GO synthesized from graphite. MTX/FA/GO drug delivery system and system components were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential calorimetric analysis (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential analysis, and dimension measurement (DLS) studies. SEM and TEM images confirmed the nanosheet structure of GO synthesized from graphite, and it was shown that MTX/FA binding to GO transformed the two-dimensional GO into a three-dimensional structure. FTIR and DSC graphs confirmed that oxygen atoms were bound to GO with the formation of carboxylic, hydroxyl, epoxide, and carbonyl groups as a result of the oxidation of graphite, and GO was successfully synthesized. Additionally, these analyses showed that MTX and FA bind physicochemically to the structure of GO. The in vitro Franz diffusion test was performed as a release kinetic test. The release kinetics mathematical model and correlation coefficient (R2) of MTX-loaded GO/FA nanomaterials were found to be the Higuchi model and 0.9785, respectively. Stiffness analyses showed that adding FA to this release system facilitated the entry of the drug into the cell by directing the system to target cells. As a result of the stiffness analyses, the stiffness values of the control cell group, free MTX, and MTX/FA/GO applied cells were measured as 2.34 kPa, 1.87 kPa, and 1.56 kPa, respectively. According to these results, it was seen that MTX/FA/GO weakened the cancer cells. Combined use of the MTX/FA/GO drug delivery system had a higher cytotoxic effect than free MTX on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The results showed that the synthesized MTX/FA/GO material has promising potential in cancer cell-specific targeted therapy for MTX as a drug delivery system.
Functional Mechanisms of Dietary Crocin Protection in Cardiovascular Models under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Zuluaga Tamayo Marisol , Rodriguez-Ruiz Violeta , Thibaudeau Olivier , Aboulhassanzadeh Sobhan , Abdolalizadeh Jalal , Meddahi-Pellé Anne , Gueguen Virginie , Barzegari Abolfazl , Pavon-Djavid Graciela
Published: June 2024

It was previously reported that crocin, a water-soluble carotenoid isolated from the Crocus sativus L. (saffron), has protective effects on cardiac cells and may neutralize and even prevent the formation of excess number of free radicals; however, functional mechanisms of crocin activity have been poorly understood. In the present research, we aimed to study the functional mechanism of crocin in the heart exposed to oxidative stress. Accordingly, oxidative stress was modeled in vitro on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo in mice using cellular stressors. The beneficial effects of crocin were investigated at cellular and molecular levels in HUVECs and mice hearts. Results indicated that oral administration of crocin could have protective effects on HUVECs. In addition, it protects cardiac cells and significantly inhibits inflammation via modulating molecular signaling pathways TLR4/PTEN/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB and microRNA (miR-21). Here we show that crocin not only acts as a direct free radical scavenger but also modifies the gene expression profiles of HUVECs and protects mice hearts with anti-inflammatory action under oxidative stress.
Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) as Delivery Vehicles of a Chimeric Protein Carrying Epitopes from the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Authors: Alonso-Cerda María José , García-Soto Mariano J. , Miranda-López Arleth , Segura-Velázquez René , Sánchez-Betancourt José Ivan , González-Ortega Omar , Rosales-Mendoza Sergio
Published: June 2024

The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) causes reproductive failure and respiratory symptoms, leading to huge economic losses for the pig farming industry. Although several vaccines against PRRSV are available in the market; they show an overall low efficacy, and several countries have the need for vaccines covering the local, circulating variants. This project aims at developing a new chimeric antigen targeting specific epitopes from PRRSV and evaluating two test adjuvants to formulate a vaccine candidate. The test antigen was called LTB–PRRSV, which was produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli and consisted of the heat labile enterotoxin B subunit from E. coli (LTB) and four epitopes from PRRSV. LTB–PRRSV was rescued as inclusion bodies and methods for its solubilization, IMAC-based purification, and refolding were standardized, leading to mean yields of 18 mg of pure protein per liter culture. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) have been used as vaccine adjuvants given their biocompatibility, low cost, and positive surface charge that allows an efficient adsorption of negatively charged biomolecules. Therefore, LDH were selected as delivery vehicles of LTB–PRRSV. Pure LTB–PRRSV was adsorbed onto LDH by incubation at different LDH:LTB–PRRSV mass ratios (1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2) and at pH 9.5. The best adsorption occurred with a 1:2 mass ratio, and in a sucrose-tween solution. The conjugates obtained had a polydispersity index of 0.26, a hydrodynamic diameter of 192 nm, and a final antigen concentration of 64.2 μg/mL. An immunogenicity assessment was performed by injecting mice with LDH:LTB–PRRSV, Alum/LTB–PRRSV, or LTB–PRRSV in a scheme comprising three immunizations at two-week intervals and two dose levels (1 and 5 μg). LTB–PRRSV was capable of inducing strong humoral responses, which lasted for a longer period when LDH was used as the delivery vehicle/adjuvant. The potential of LDH to serve as an attractive carrier for veterinary vaccines is discussed.
NO-cGMP-K+ Channels Pathways Participate in the Antihypertensive Effects of Attalea phalerata Martius ex Spreng Oil-Loaded Nanocapsules
Authors: de Azevedo Maria Medina , Lívero Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis , Tinelli Sílvia Beatriz Bürger , da Silva Jacenir Vieira , de Almeida Danielle Ayr Tavares , Martines Marco Antonio Utrera , Prada Ariadna Lafourcade , Rodríguez Amado Jesús Rafael , Gasparotto Junior Arquimedes
Published: June 2024

Attalea phalerata Martius ex Spreng is a palm tree that is widely distributed in the Central-West region of Brazil. In this study, we investigated whether the oil-loaded nanocapsules of A. phalerata (APON) have acute and long-lasting antihypertensive effects in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. APON was prepared using the interfacial polymer deposition method. The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were investigated using dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. The antihypertensive effects of APON (administered at doses of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) were evaluated after acute intraduodenal administration and after 7 days of oral treatment. To investigate the molecular pathways involved, we used pharmacological antagonists and inhibitors that target prostaglandin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate, nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and potassium channels. Both acute and prolonged administration of APON (at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg) resulted in a significant reduction in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure. Prior treatment with a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (methylene blue), or non-selective calcium-sensitive K+ channel blocker (tetraethylammonium) abolished the antihypertensive effects of APON. Our study showed that A. phalerata oil-loaded nanocapsules have a significant antihypertensive effect in SHR after both short-term and long-term (7-day) use. This effect seems to rely on the vascular endothelium function and involves the NO-cGMP-K+ channel pathway. This research suggests a new direction for future studies to definitively prove the therapeutic benefits of APON in treating cardiovascular disease.
Microporation-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of In Situ Gel Incorporating Etodolac-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: El Sorogy Heba M. , Fayez Sahar M. , Khalil Islam A. , Abdel Jaleel Gehad A. , Fayez Ahmed M. , Eliwa Hesham A. , Teba Hoda E.
Published: June 2024

Management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requires long-term administration of different medications since there has been no cure until now. Etodolac (ETD) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for RA management. However, its long-term administration resulted in severe side effects. This study aimed to develop a transdermal in situ gel incorporating ETD-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to target the affected joints for long-term management of RA. Several PLGA NPs incorporating 1% ETD were prepared by nanoprecipitation and optimized according to the central composite design. The optimum NPs (F1) exhibited 96.19 ± 2.31% EE, 282.3 ± 0.62 nm PS, 0.383 ± 0.04 PDI, and −6.44 ± 1.69 ZP. A hyaluronate coating was applied to F1 (H-F1) to target activated macrophages at inflammation sites. H-F1 exhibited 287.4 ± 4.2 nm PS, 0.267 ± 0.02 PDI, and −23.7 ± 3.77 ZP. Pluronic F-127 in situ gel (H-F1G) showed complete gelation at 29 °C within 5 min. ETD permeation from H-F1G was sustained over 48 h when applied to microporated skin and exhibited significant enhancement of all permeation parameters. Topical application of H-F1G (equivalent to 8 mg ETD) to Wistarrat microporated skin every 48 h resulted in antirheumatic therapeutic efficacy comparable to commercial oral tablets (10 mg/kg/day).
Identifying Pertinent Digital Health Topics to Incorporate into Self-Care Pharmacy Education
Authors: Wong Jason C. , Hekimyan Luiza , Cruz Francheska Anne , Brower Taylor
Published: June 2024

The ever-evolving landscape of digital health technology has dramatically enhanced patients’ ability to manage their health through self-care effectively. These advancements have created various categories of self-care products, including medication management, health tracking, and wellness. There is no published research regarding integrating digital health into pharmacy self-care courses. This study aims to identify pertinent digital health devices and applications to incorporate into self-care course education. Digital health limitations, challenges incorporating digital health in self-care pharmacy education, and potential solutions are also reviewed. In conducting this research, many resources, including PubMed, APhA, ASHP, fda.gov, and digital.health, were reviewed in March 2024 to gather information on digital health devices and applications. To supplement this, targeted keyword searches were conducted on topics such as “digital health”, “devices”, “applications”, “technology”, and “self-care” across various online platforms. We identified digital health devices and applications suitable for self-care education across eight topics, as follows: screening, insomnia, reproductive disorders, eye disorders, home medical equipment, GI disorders, pediatrics, and respiratory disorders. Among these topics, wellness screening had the most digital health products available. For all other topics, at least three or more products were identified as relevant to self-care curriculum. By equipping students with digital health knowledge, they can effectively apply it in patient care throughout their rotations and future practice. Many digital health products, including telemedicine, electronic health records, mobile health applications, and wearable devices, are ideal for inclusion in pharmacy curriculum as future educational material. Future research is needed to develop the best strategies for incorporating relevant digital health into self-care education and defining the best student-learning strategies.
Plasmonic Focusing of a High-Order Cylindrical Vector Beam for On-Chip Detection
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhong Jinzhan , Lei Xinrui , Zhan Qiwen
Published: June 2024

We investigate the interaction between cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) and metallic annular structures. The mechanisms for plasmonic focusing and field distributions are studied both analytically and numerically. We demonstrate that the focusing patterns are locked with the order of CVBs due to the polarization selectivity for the excitation of plasmonic fields, which can be employed as a simplified yet efficient means of characterizing and detecting CVBs. The robustness of the focusing pattern is analyzed as a deviation between the centers of the CVBs and nanoring is introduced, providing a quantitative indicator of the relationship between the maximum deviation value and the focusing patterns. Our research contributes to a deeper understanding of interactions between CVBs and nanostructures, paving the way for novel applications in light detection and optical imaging.
Coalitional Game Theory-Based Resource Allocation Strategy for Robust IRS-VLC System
Authors: Liu Changling , Wang Jianping , Feng Lifang , Lu Huimin , Sun Haijian , Hu Rose Qingyang
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the optimization of energy efficiency in robust visible light communication (VLC)—intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) systems through a novel resource allocation strategy based on coalitional game theory. By employing coalitional game theory, the proposed strategy optimizes LED power and IRS energy consumption within practical constraints. IRS elements form coalitions centered around a central unit or units, enhancing the system performance through coordinated element management. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in energy efficiency and signal quality compared to conventional methods, validating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Design of Multi-Waveguide Merged Multi-Frame Integration System for Integrated Interference Imaging System
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Chunyu , Hu Huiling , Ding Yi , Ying Shipeng , Gao Quyouyang
Published: June 2024

The integrated interferometric imaging system has pointed out a highly promising direction for the development of high-resolution, small-volume, and lightweight optical imaging systems in orbit. However, the current integrated interferometric imaging system has the problem of a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in orbit, which seriously restricts the practical application and development of the system. To solve this problem, a design method for a multi-waveguide merged multi-frame integration (MWMMFI) system is proposed in this paper. This method proposes a novel non-uniform sampling time axis, which achieves accurate extraction of multi-frame integration signals between interferometric arms, overcoming the limitations of traditional time delay integration (TDI) techniques that are not applicable to tilted optical waveguide arrays. Consequently, it extends the integration time and increases the accumulation of effective optical signals. Additionally, noise is suppressed through an accumulate first and then differentiate algorithm. Ultimately, this achieves an enhancement of the system’s SNR and optimizes the quality of the reconstructed images, all without increasing motion degradation. Simulation experiments indicate that compared to traditional systems, the MWMMFI design can increase the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) up to 4 times when the merging number is two, and up to 6.58 times when the merging number is three. This provides both technical insights and theoretical guidance for addressing the issue of enhancing the SNR of integrated interferometric imaging systems in orbit.
Standardizing Laser Speckle Orthogonal Contrast Imaging: Achieving Reproducible Measurements across Instruments
Authors: Orlik Xavier , Colin Elise , Plyer Aurélien
Published: June 2024

Using two independent speckle imaging systems based on the recently published LSOCI method operating in contact mode on the skin, we assess the reproducibility of in vivo measurements and conduct an inter-instrument comparison. To this aim, we propose a calibration method to handle each imaging system as a comprehensive unit, which includes the laser source, optics, and camera. Key to our method is the introduction of a new index that quantifies the departure of the temporal contrast observed in vivo from the spatial contrast scattered from a reference static element generating a circular Gaussian speckle field. Using such near-real-time calibration method, we demonstrate that the microcirculation images produced by 2 different instruments exhibit high accuracy and stability, with microcirculation activity values in excellent agreement, thereby paving the way for clinical applications.
High-Speed Optical Chaotic Data Selection Logic Operations with the Performance of Error Detection and Correction
Authors: Xu Geliang , Wang Kun , Xu Liang , Deng Jiaqi
Published: June 2024

Based on the chaotic polarization system of optically injected cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), we propose a novel implementation scheme for high-speed optical chaotic data selection logic operations. Under the condition where the slave VCSEL (S-VCSEL) outputs a chaotic laser signal, we calculate the range of the applied electric field and the optical injection amplitude. We also investigate the evolution of the correlation characteristics between the polarized light output from the periodic poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) and the S-VCSEL as a function of the optical injection amplitude under different applied electric fields. Furthermore, we analyze the polarization bistability of the polarized light from the PPLN and S-VCSEL. Based on these results, we modulate the optical injection amplitude as the logic input and the applied electric field as the control logic signal. Using a mean comparison mechanism, we demodulate the polarized light from the PPLN and S-VCSEL to obtain two identical logic outputs, achieving optical chaotic data selection logic operations with an operation speed of approximately 114 Gb/s. Finally, we investigate the influence of noise on the logic outputs and find that both logic outputs do not show any error symbols under the noise strength as high as 180 dBw. The anti-noise performance of logic output O1 is superior to that of optical chaotic logic output O2. For noise strengths up to 185 dBw, error symbols in O2 can be detected and corrected by comparison with O1.
The Surprising Role of Endogenous Calcium Carbonate in Crab Shell-Mediated Biosorption of Pb (II)
Authors: Londoño-Zuluaga Carolina , Jameel Hasan , Gonzalez Ronalds W. , Yang Guihua , Lucia Lucian
Published: June 2024

Crustacean shells, waste from the seafood industry, have been identified as a potential sustainable material for the adsorption of lead, a potent heavy metal found in the discharge of industrial processes. The dynamics and kinetics of its performance were evaluated in batch experiments under pH, temperature, time, and initial concentration. A unique and non-intuitive key finding was that among the native components of the crab shell matrix, i.e., chitin, protein, and calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate was instrumental in sequestration. The role of protein was minimal, whereas the efficiency of chitin in lead complexation was linked to the lead atomic radius, which, of the crab shell components, we determined was very prone to interacting with chitin.
Reactive Oxygen and Related Regulatory Factors Involved in Ethylene-Induced Petal Abscission in Roses
Authors: Han Siwen , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Wenyu , Zhang Siying , Qin Zhe , Pei Haixia
Published: June 2024

Petal abscission affects the growth, development, and economic value of plants, but the mechanism of ethylene-ROS-induced petal abscission is not clear. Therefore, we treated roses with different treatments (MOCK, ETH, STS, and ETH + STS), and phenotypic characteristics of petal abscission, changed ratio of fresh weight, morphology of cells in AZ and the expression of RhSUC2 were analyzed. On this basis, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in petals and AZ cells of roses, and analyzed the expression levels of some genes related to ROS production and ROS scavenging. Ethylene promoted the petal abscission of rose through decreasing the fresh weight of the flower, promoting the stacking and stratification of AZ cells, and repressing the expression of RhSUC2. During this process, ethylene induced the ROS accumulation of AZ cells and petals mainly through increasing the expressions of some genes (RhRHS17, RhIDH1, RhIDH-III, RhERS, RhPBL32, RhFRS5, RhRAC5, RhRBOHD, RhRBOHC, and RhPLATZ9) related to ROS production and repressing those genes (RhCCR4, RhUBC30, RhSOD1, RhAPX6.1, and RhCATA) related to ROS scavenging. In summary, ROS and related regulatory factors involved in ethylene induced petal abscission in roses.
UV-B Radiation Enhances Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. Quality by Improving the Leaf Structure and Increasing the Icaritin Content
Authors: Li Pengshu , Xiang Qiuyan , Wang Yue , Dong Xuehui
Published: June 2024

Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. is a herbal plant with various therapeutic effects, and its aboveground tissues contain flavonol compounds such as icaritin that can be used to produce new drugs for the treatment of advanced liver cancer. Previous studies have shown that ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–315 nm) stress can increase the levels of flavonoid substances in plants. In the current study, we observed the microstructure of E. brevicornu leaves after 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 d of UV-B radiation (60 μw·cm−2) and quality formation mechanism of E. brevicornu leaves after 0, 10, and 20 d of UV-B radiation by LC‒ESI‒MS/MS. The contents of flavonols such as icariside I, wushanicaritin, icaritin, and kumatakenin were significantly upregulated after 10 d of radiation. The results indicated that UV-B radiation for 10 d inhibited the morphological development of E. brevicornu but increased the content of active medicinal components, providing a positive strategy for epimedium quality improvement.
Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants: Bridging Ancestral Knowledge with Contemporary Science
Authors: Pedrosa Lucas de Freitas , Fabi João Paulo
Published: June 2024

Plants are a core part of cultural identity, as part of a diet, decorations, ceremonies, or as medicinal agents. Empirical knowledge regarding plants and their healing potential has existed worldwide for centuries. With the advance of science and technology, not only is the refinement of such sources or isolation of specific compounds possible, but these compounds can also be characterized based on their natural occurrence. Besides their importance for plant metabolism and structure, polysaccharides have been demonstrated to have substantial positive human health impacts on inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and others. As an inherent part of plant cell walls, many polysaccharides from medicinal herbs, such as fructans, glucans, and pectins, have been extracted and analyzed for their structure and function. However, a review summarizing a significant portion of these studies was still unavailable. This review helps to fill the knowledge gap between polysaccharide bioactivity, their structure, and their plant matrix sources, focusing on historical medicinal usage.
Strawberry Yield Improvement by Hydrogen-Based Irrigation Is Functionally Linked to Altered Rhizosphere Microbial Communities
Authors: Li Longna , Huang Huize , Jin Zhiwei , Jiang Ke , Zeng Yan , Pathier Didier , Cheng Xu , Shen Wenbiao
Published: June 2024

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is crucial for agricultural microbial systems. However, the mechanisms underlying its influence on crop yields is yet to be fully elucidated. This study observed that H2-based irrigation significantly increased strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) yield with/without nutrient fertilization. The reduction in soil available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic matter was consistent with the increased expression levels of N/P/K-absorption-related genes in root tissues at the fruiting stage. Metagenomics profiling showed the alterations in rhizosphere microbial community composition achieved by H2, particularly under the conditions without fertilizers. These included the enrichment of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, such as Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, and Cupriavidus genera. Rhizobacteria with the capability to oxidize H2 (group 2a [NiFe] hydrogenase) were also enriched. Consistently, genes related to soil carbon (C) fixation (i.e., rbcL, porD, frdAB, etc.), dissimilar nitrate reduction (i.e., napAB and nrfAH), and P solublization, mineralization, and transportation (i.e., ppx-gppA, appA, and ugpABCE) exhibited higher abundance. Contrary tendencies were observed in the soil C degradation and N denitrification genes. Together, these results clearly indicate that microbe-mediated soil C, N, and P cycles might be functionally altered by H2, thus increasing plant nutrient uptake capacity and horticultural crop yield.
Artemisia fragrans Willd. Essential Oil: Chemical Profile and Insecticidal Potential against the Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val
Authors: Ebadollahi Asgar , Setzer William N. , Palla Franco
Published: June 2024

The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val, is one of the cosmopolitan and polyphagous storage insect pests. The frequent application of chemical insecticides has resulted in several side effects, including threats to human health and non-target organisms and the resistance of insect pests. In the current study, the fumigant toxicity and feeding deterrence potential of Artemisia fragrans Willd. essential oil on T. confusum adults were investigated. The essential oil was rich in terpenic compounds, in which α-thujone (27.8%) and 1,8-cineole (22.8%) were dominant. The essential oil displayed significant fumigant toxicity on T. confusum, where a concentration of 35.3 μL/L caused 100% mortality of the treated adults after 48 h. The LC30 and LC40 values (lethal concentrations to kill 30% and 40% of tested insects: 15.1 and 18.4 μL/L, respectively) significantly decreased the nutritional indices of the pest, including the consumption index, relative consumption rate, and relative growth rate. The feeding deterrence index of the essential oil were calculated as being 62.29 and 48.66% for the concentrations of 15.1 and 18.4 μL/L after 5 days, respectively. Accordingly, A. fragrans essential oil can be considered an efficient, available, and natural alternative to detrimental chemical pesticides in the management of T. confusum.
Effect of Different Compatibilizers on the Properties of Green Low-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Bambusa Vulgaris Bamboo Fibers
Authors: Bosenbecker Mariane W. , Silva Eduarda Vieira , Paganotto Gian Francesco dos Reis , Zanon Tiago Thomaz Migliati , Langone Fernanda , Rodrigues Marlon Bender Bueno , Marini Juliano , Labidi Jalel , Missio André Luiz , de Oliveira Amanda Dantas
Published: June 2024

Low-density green polyethylene (LDGPE) composites reinforced with 5 wt% of bamboo fiber and 3 wt% of a compatibilizing agent (polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride and tannin) were processed through extrusion and injection molding. Bamboo fiber, Bambusa Vulgaris, was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The molded specimens were analyzed for their thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. The estimated concentration was chosen to provide the best mechanical strength to the material studied. FTIR analysis of the fibers revealed the presence of groups characteristic of bamboo fiber and tannin. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that both compatibilizing agents increased the matrix’s degree of crystallinity. However, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that, despite the presence of compatibilizing agents, there was no significant improvement in adhesion between the bamboo fibers and LDGPE.
Comprehensive Review of Geotechnical Engineering Properties of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers and Strips for Soil Stabilization
Authors: Khalid Bisma , Alshawmar Fahad
Published: June 2024

The waste management of plastic has become a pressing environmental issue, with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) being one of the major contributors. To address this challenge, the utilization of recycled PET fibers and strips in geotechnical engineering applications for soil stabilization has gained considerable attention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive study of the geotechnical engineering properties of recycled-PET-reinforced soils. The review examines various factors influencing the performance of PET-reinforced soils, including PET percent content, fiber length, and aspect ratio. It evaluates the mechanical properties, like shear strength, compressibility, bearing capacity, hydraulic behavior, and durability of recycled-PET-reinforced soils. The findings reveal PET reinforcement enhances shear strength, reduces settlement, and increases the bearing capacity and stability of the soil. However, it is observed that the incorporation of recycled PET fibers and strips does not lead to a significant impact on the dry density of the soil. Finally, an environmental and cost comparison analysis of recycled PET fibers and strips was conducted. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners involved in the field, offering insights into the geotechnical properties of PET-reinforced soils and outlining future research directions to maximize their effectiveness and sustainability.
Sustainable Lignin-Reinforced Chitosan Membranes for Efficient Cr(VI) Water Remediation
Authors: Castro Ana S. , Cruz Bárbara D. D. , Correia Daniela M. , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu , Martins Pedro M.
Published: June 2024

The pollution of aquatic environments is a growing problem linked to population growth and intense anthropogenic activities. Because of their potential impact on human health and the environment, special attention is paid to contaminants of emerging concern, namely heavy metals. Thus, this work proposes the use of naturally derived materials capable of adsorbing chromium (VI) (Cr(VI)), a contaminant known for its potential toxicity and carcinogenic effects, providing a sustainable alternative for water remediation. For this purpose, membranes based on chitosan (CS) and chitosan/Kraft lignin (CS/KL) with different percentages of lignin (0.01 and 0.05 g) were developed using the solvent casting technique. The introduction of lignin imparts mechanical strength and reduces swelling in pristine chitosan. The CS and CS/0.01 KL membranes performed excellently, removing Cr(VI) at an initial 5 mg/L concentration. After 5 h of contact time, they showed about 100% removal. The adsorption process was analyzed using the pseudo-first-order model, and the interaction between the polymer matrix and the contaminant was attributed to electrostatic interactions. Therefore, CS and CS/KL membranes could be low-cost and efficient adsorbents for heavy metals in wastewater treatment applications.
Synthesis of Transparent Bacterial Cellulose Films as a Platform for Targeted Drug Delivery in Wound Care
Authors: Amorim Julia Didier Pedrosa de , Cavalcanti Yasmim de Farias , Medeiros Alexandre D’Lamare Maia de , Silva Junior Cláudio José Galdino da , Durval Italo José Batista , Costa Andréa Fernanda de Santana , Sarubbo Leonie Asfora
Published: June 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be chemically modified and combined with other materials to create composites with enhanced properties. In the medical field, biomaterials offer advantages, such as biocompatibility and sustainability, enabling improved therapeutic strategies and patient outcomes. Incorporating lidocaine into wound dressings offers significant potential benefits. In this study, transparent BC films were produced in situ with an undefined minimal culture medium with a yeast and bacteria co-culture system on black tea (Camellia sinensis) and white sugar medium for three days. Lidocaine was incorporated ex situ into the BC matrix, and the composite film was sterilized using gamma radiation. Drug-release studies showed a two-stage release profile, with an initial fast release (24.6%) followed by a slower secondary release (27.2% cumulative release). The results confirmed the incorporation of lidocaine into the BC, producing highly transparent films with excellent thermal stability, essential for the storage and transportation of wound dressings. This study highlighted BC properties and drug incorporation and release behavior. The findings contribute towards optimizing wound dressings with controlled drug release, showcasing the potential of transparent BC films as an effective platform for wound care and drug-delivery applications.
Evaluation of the Tribocorrosion Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Biomedical Alloy in Simulated Oral Environments
Authors: Fangaia Sónia I. G. , Messias Ana , Guerra Fernando A. D. R. A. , Ribeiro Ana C. F. , Valente Artur J. M. , Nicolau Pedro M. G.
Published: June 2024

The sliding wear of Ti-6Al-4V alloys coexisting with dental amalgam in a simulated temperature-controlled cell was evaluated. Disc-shaped samples of Ti-6Al-4V (n = 30) and spherical silver amalgam (n = 30) were prepared. Discs were subjected to wear while immersed in artificial and fluoridated saliva as follows: Ti-6Al-4V–Ti-6Al-4V (G1); amalgam–amalgam (G2), and Ti-6Al-4V–amalgam (G3). Samples were analyzed for mass variation, volume loss, and surface roughness. Wear tracks were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Wearing induced significant mass loss for all groups except G3 in fluoridated saliva: Ti-6Al-4V (p = 0.045) and amalgam (p = 0.732). These samples presented an increase in mean surface roughness (p = 0.032 and 0.010, respectively). Overall, Ti-6Al-4V showed 0.07 mm3 (95% CI: [0.06–0.07]) higher wear track volume. Ti-6Al-4V has a higher mass loss when subjected to fluoridated media but no significant roughness variation. Fluor-containing substances should be avoided over Ti-6Al-4V alloys placed in areas of mechanical wear, especially if dental amalgam is also present.
Simultaneous Life Cycle Assessment and Process Simulation for Sustainable Process Design
Authors: Miyoshi Simone C. , Secchi Argimiro R.
Published: June 2024

While there are software tools available for helping to conduct life cycle assessment (LCA), such as OpenLCA, these tools lack integration with process design, simulation, and optimization software. As LCA has a critical role in sustainable product design, this paper presents a platform called EMSO_OLCA, which integrates the LCA provided by OpenLCA into the Environment for Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization (EMSO). EMSO_OLCA incorporates a database of environmental impact assessment methodologies from OpenLCA and aligns with the principles of LCA outlined in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. Validation tests were conducted to compare the results obtained by the LCA of sugarcane ethanol using OpenLCA and EMSO_OLCA, revealing a high level of agreement. The average relative error was 0.045%, indicating a negligible discrepancy between the tools. Moreover, it took only 0.3 s for the calculation, which is desirable for use with process system engineering tools. A second case study was applied to combined steam and electricity production from the combustion of sugarcane bagasse and straw in a combined heat and power system. The results show the integration of LCA with simulation and sensitivity analysis tools, thus supporting sustainable decision-making processes. EMSO_OLCA bridges the gap between LCA and process engineering, enabling a holistic approach to the sustainability, design, and implementation of environmentally friendly solutions.
Adsorption of Rhodamine B in Aqueous Solution by Mg/CS Composite Modified Attapulgite
Authors: Zhang Mei , Chen Hanjie , Bu Ziying , Fang Ying
Published: June 2024

The safety of people’s everyday water consumption has been gravely challenged by wastewater from printing and dyeing, however, research on effective contaminants removal from wastewater is encouraging. In this experiment, attapulgite modified with Mg2+ was calcined, and chitosan was added to create attapulgite composites. By refining the experimental parameters of the preparation, the adsorption performance of rhodamine B in wastewater was enhanced. A fully automated specific surface area and porosity investigation, a method known as X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption desorption equilibrium temperatures at 77 K were all performed. The original and composite attapulgite samples were evaluated using BET, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Composite materials were prepared using n (Mg2+)/m (AP) = 30 mmol/g, m (CS)/m (AP) = 1/3, a calcination temperature of 300 °C, and 1 h. After a series of adsorption experiments, manifesting that adding 0.2 g of attapulgite, at an initial concentration of 800 mg/L, pH of 4, temperature of 25 °C, and stirring for half an hour resulted in a maximum adsorption capacity of 325.73 mg/g. According to thermodynamic and kinetic equations, the pseudo-second-order kinetic theory is more consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.999). Upon examining the thermodynamic properties of ΔS, ΔH, and ΔG, it was found that the reaction is a spontaneous endothermic process that could potentially be utilized to eliminate Rh B.
Energy, Exergy, and Economic Analysis of a New System for Simultaneous Power Production and Cooling Operating with an Ammonia–Water Mixture
Authors: Pacheco-Reyes Alejandro , Jiménez-García José C. , Hernández-Magallanes J. Alejandro , Shankar Raman , Rivera Wilfrido
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the energy, exergy, and economic analysis of a new cogeneration cycle for the simultaneous production of power and cooling operating with an ammonia–water mixture. The proposed system consists of an absorption cooling system integrating a reheater, a separation tank, a compressor, a turbine, and an expansion valve. In addition, internal rectification is applied, improving the system’s performance. Mass, energy, and exergy balances were applied to each system’s component to evaluate its performance. Additionally, the costs of each component were determined based on economic equations, which take into account mass, heat flows, and temperature differences. A parametric analysis found that the system reached an energy utilization factor of 0.58 and an exergy efficiency of 0.26 using internal rectification at TG = 120 °C, TA = 30 °C, and TE = 10 °C. The power produced by the turbine was 26.28 kW, and the cooling load was 366.8 kW. The output costs were estimated at 0.071 $/kW. The condenser was found to be the most expensive component of the system, contributing 28% of the total cost. On the other hand, it was observed that the generator was the component with the highest exergy destruction, with 38.16 kW.
Distribution of Rare Metals Obtained from the Alkaline Sulfate Processing of Nepheline Syenite
Authors: Akhmadiyeva Nazym , Abdulvaliyev Rinat , Gladyshev Sergey , Manapova Alfiyam , Imangaliyeva Leila
Published: June 2024

This article presents the results of studies on the distribution of rare metals among the products of the alkali sulfate processing of nepheline syenites. In response to the limited reserves of Bayer bauxite in the alumina industrial production region of Kazakhstan, the feasibility of using alternative alumina-containing nonbauxite raw materials was investigated. The most promising nonbauxite raw materials in Kazakhstan are nepheline and kaolinite clays. At present, there is no effective technology for processing nepheline ores. This article describes a proposed complex technology involving nepheline processing with the associated extraction of gallium and vanadium. The technology includes the activation of raw materials, followed by two-stage leaching, where potassium is extracted in the first stage. The sludge and solution obtained from the second stage of the leaching process are utilized for calcium silicate production and two-stage carbonization, respectively. In the first stage, aluminum hydroxide is extracted, and, in the second stage, a concentration of rare metals, such as gallium and vanadium, is obtained. Vanadium is extracted from the solution via crystallization, and gallium is extracted via electrodeposition. Overall, 38.48% of the Ga2O3 and 56.12% of the V2O5 are recovered from raw nepheline syenite. A technological scheme of the developed technology is presented in this article.
Evolution Characteristics of Strain and Displacement Fields in Double-Hole Short-Delay Blasting Based on DIC
Authors: Zhou Zeqing , Ma Jun , Wang Jianguo , Guan Si , Zhang Xiaohua , Yang Yang
Published: June 2024

In the process of porous blasting excavation in engineering projects such as mining, hydropower stations, and tunnels, the delay time between adjacent blast holes significantly influences the characteristics of rock fracture and fragmentation. In order to visually explore the changing characteristics of strain and displacement between adjacent blast holes under different delay times, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plates were used to simulate rock materials, and 2D digital image correlation (2D-DIC) testing methods were employed to measure the explosive strain field with different delay times (0 µs, 5 µs, 15 µs, 40 µs, 70 µs) for dual holes. Full-field principal strain cloud maps and displacement fields of PMMA boards in two-dimensional spatial coordinates were obtained, and the representative monitoring points were analyzed. The experimental results show that the maximum values of the first compressive principal strain peak and the first tensile principal strain peak at the connecting center of the two holes exist at a delay time of 0~40 µs under blasting conditions with the same hole distance and single hole charge. At the center point of the connection between the two holes, the interval time between the two principal strain peaks decreases with the increase in delay time. The maximum principal strain on the central vertical line of the connection line decreases exponentially with the increase in hole distance, and the attenuation trend increases first and then decreases with the delay time between 0 and 40 µs. At the peak of strain, the maximum average displacement of the connecting center of the two holes exists in the delay time between 0 and 40 µs. With the increase in delay time, the displacement trend between the two explosion holes gradually changes from shear to tension, and the vulnerable damage area increases, which makes the communication between the two explosion holes easier. This study can provide a basis for the precise selection of delay times between blasting holes in engineering.
The Influence of Qiu Jun on Jesuit Missionaries and Chinese Christian Texts in Ming–Qing China
Authors: Yao Dadui
Published: June 2024

This study explores the previously overlooked influence of Qiu Jun, a renowned mid-Ming dynasty scholar, on Jesuit missionaries and Chinese Catholic believers. Although Qiu’s impact on Confucian scholars of the mid-to-late Ming period is well established, his role in shaping formalized Chinese ritual systems and Chinese Catholicism has received little attention. A closer examination of Jesuit missionaries’ translation of Confucian classics and Chinese Catholic texts from the late Ming and early Qing periods reveals that Qiu’s works were frequently cited, particularly in relation to the abolition of divine titles, the worship of Confucius, and the establishment of the City-god system. Qiu’s responses to these issues, informed by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang’s efforts to centralize power and establish authority in both secular and religious spheres, served as key references for mid-Ming reforms. Moreover, Jesuit fathers and Chinese Catholic adherents drew on Qiu’s perspectives in their writings to address various issues during the Chinese Rites Controversy. This research uncovers the profound impact of Qiu Jun’s ideas on the cultural exchange between China and the West in the 17th–18th centuries.
Circular Economy, Eco-Innovation and a Business Model for the Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Mexico
Authors: García-Castillo Carmen , Maldonado-Villalpando Erandi , Seguí-Amórtegui Luis , Guerrero-García-Rojas Hilda
Published: June 2024

Wastewater treatment plants face enormous economic, environmental, technical, and regulatory challenges, including the high energy costs of their operation, waste generation, and the destination of treated water. In this regard, a proposal was made for the operation of municipal WWTPs in Mexico, based on the symbiosis of the circular economy and eco-innovation as strategies for sustainable change in their operation. As a result, it was possible to obtain an updated diagnosis of the situation of the WWTPs, a proposal for their operation was made, and a circular and innovative business model was established for these plants in order to channel decision-making and visualize the path for the transition of these facilities to sustainable operation.