bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’approccio more-than-cyberplace nei casi di attivismo per l’ambiente. La storia della riserva naturale di Glen of the Downs (Irlanda)
Authors: Albanese Valentina
Published: January 2024

Abstract The More-than-Cyberplace Approach for Environmental Activism: Insights from the Glen of the Downs Nature Reserve (Ireland) Eco-warriors are a group of activists who have been fighting for many years to protect ecosystems threatened by human action. This paper aims to examine ex-post the case of the oldest natural reserve in Ireland, Glen of the Downs, which provided a context in which an innovative example of activism in Europe has been developed, especially since 1997, marking a change of direction from environmental blocks to safeguard biodiversity and the ecosystems. The collection of secondary data offered by documents and videos of that period offers a numeral of arguments to reflect the need for a multi-disciplinary and multi-scalar interpretative framework. Therefore, the conceptual category of more-thancyberplace is suggested for the interpretation of the case study.
Exploratory mass cytometry analysis reveals immunophenotypes of cancer treatment-related pneumonitis
Authors: Yanagihara Toyoshi , Hata Kentaro , Matsubara Keisuke , Kunimura Kazufumi , Suzuki Kunihiro , Tsubouchi Kazuya , Ikegame Satoshi , Baba Yoshihiro , Fukui Yoshinori , Okamoto Isamu
Published: January 2024

Anti-cancer treatments can result in various adverse effects, including infections due to immune suppression/dysregulation and drug-induced toxicity in the lung. One of the major opportunistic infections is
Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia (PCP), which can cause severe respiratory complications and high mortality rates. Cytotoxic drugs and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce interstitial lung diseases (ILDs).Nonetheless, the differentiation of these diseases can be difficult, and the pathogenic mechanisms of such diseases are not yet fully understood. To better comprehend the immunophenotypes, we conducted an exploratory mass cytometry analysis of immune cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with PCP, cytotoxic drug-induced ILD (DI-ILD), and ICI-associated ILD (ICI-ILD) using two panels containing 64 markers. In PCP, we observed an expansion of the CD16
+
T cell population, with the highest CD16
+
T proportion in a fatal case. In ICI-ILD, we found an increase in CD57
+
CD8
+
T cells expressing immune checkpoints (TIGIT
+
LAG3
+
TIM-3
+
PD-1
+
), FCRL5
+
B cells, and CCR2
+
CCR5
+
CD14
+
monocytes. These findings uncover the diverse immunophenotypes and possible pathomechanisms of cancer treatment-related pneumonitis.
Systematic evaluation of intratumoral and peripheral BCR repertoires in three cancers
Authors: Krasik Sofia V , Bryushkova Ekaterina A , Sharonov George V , Myalik Daria S , Shurganova Elizaveta V , Komarov Dmitry V , Shagina Irina A , Shpudeiko Polina S , Turchaninova Maria A , Vakhitova Maria T , Samoylenko Igor V , Marinov Dimitr T , Demidov Lev V , Zagaynov Vladimir E , Chudakov Dmitriy M , Serebrovskaya Ekaterina O
Published: January 2024

The current understanding of humoral immune response in cancer patients suggests that tumors may be infiltrated with diffuse B cells of extra-tumoral origin or may develop organized lymphoid structures, where somatic hypermutation and antigen-driven selection occur locally. These processes are believed to be significantly influenced by the tumor microenvironment through secretory factors and biased cell-cell interactions. To explore the manifestation of this influence, we used deep unbiased immunoglobulin profiling and systematically characterized the relationships between B cells in circulation, draining lymph nodes (draining LNs), and tumors in 14 patients with three human cancers. We demonstrated that draining LNs are differentially involved in the interaction with the tumor site, and that significant heterogeneity exists even between different parts of a single lymph node (LN). Next, we confirmed and elaborated upon previous observations regarding intratumoral immunoglobulin heterogeneity. We identified B cell receptor (BCR) clonotypes that were expanded in tumors relative to draining LNs and blood and observed that these tumor-expanded clonotypes were less hypermutated than non-expanded (ubiquitous) clonotypes. Furthermore, we observed a shift in the properties of complementarity-determining region 3 of the BCR heavy chain (CDR-H3) towards less mature and less specific BCR repertoire in tumor-infiltrating B-cells compared to circulating B-cells, which may indicate less stringent control for antibody-producing B cell development in tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, we found repertoire-level evidence that B-cells may be selected according to their CDR-H3 physicochemical properties before they activate somatic hypermutation (SHM). Altogether, our work outlines a broad picture of the differences in the tumor BCR repertoire relative to non-tumor tissues and points to the unexpected features of the SHM process.
A spatial-attentional mechanism underlies action-related distortions of time judgement
Authors: Cao Liyu
Published: January 2024

Temporal binding has been understood as an illusion in timing judgement. When an action triggers an outcome (e.g. a sound) after a brief delay, the action is reported to occur later than if the outcome does not occur, and the outcome is reported to occur earlier than a similar outcome not caused by an action. We show here that an attention mechanism underlies the seeming illusion of timing judgement. In one method, participants watch a rotating clock hand and report event times by noting the clock hand position when the event occurs. We find that visual spatial attention is critically involved in shaping event time reports made in this way. This occurs because action and outcome events result in shifts of attention around the clock rim, thereby biasing the perceived location of the clock hand. Using a probe detection task to measure attention, we show a difference in the distribution of visual spatial attention between a single-event condition (sound only or action only) and a two-event agency condition (action plus sound). Participants accordingly report the timing of the same event (the sound or the action) differently in the two conditions: spatial attentional shifts masquerading as temporal binding. Furthermore, computational modelling based on the attention measure can reproduce the temporal binding effect. Studies that use time judgement as an implicit marker of voluntary agency should first discount the artefactual changes in event timing reports that actually reflect differences in spatial attention. The study also has important implications for related results in mental chronometry obtained with the clock-like method since Wundt, as attention may well be a critical confounding factor in the interpretation of these studies.
Automating an insect biodiversity metric using distributed optical sensors: an evaluation across Kansas, USA cropping systems
Authors: Rydhmer Klas , Eckberg James O , Lundgren Jonathan G , Jansson Samuel , Still Laurence , Quinn John E , Washington Ralph , Lemmich Jesper , Nikolajsen Thomas , Sheller Nikolaj , Michels Alex M , Bredeson Michael M , Rosenzweig Steven T , Bick Emily N
Published: January 2024

Global ecosystems and food supply depend on insect biodiversity for key functions such as pollination and decomposition. High-resolution, accurate data on invertebrate populations and communities across scales are critical for informing conservation efforts. However, conventional data collection methodologies for invertebrates are expensive, labor intensive, and require substantial taxonomic expertise, limiting researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Novel optical techniques show promise for automating such data collection across scales as they operate unsupervised in remote areas. In this work, optical insect sensors were deployed in 20 agricultural fields in Kansas, USA. Measurements were compared to conventional assessments of insect diversity from sweep nets and Malaise traps. Species richness was estimated on optical insect data by applying a clustering algorithm to the optical insect sensor’s signal features of wing-beat frequency and body-to-wing ratio. Species richness correlated more strongly between the optical richness estimate and each of the conventional methods than between the two conventional methods, suggesting sensors can be a reliable indicator of invertebrate richness. Shannon- and Simpson indices were calculated for all three methods but were largely uncorrelated including between conventional methods. Although the technology is relatively new, optical sensors may provide next-generation insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of invertebrate biodiversity and their conservation.
Fitness landscape of substrate-adaptive mutations in evolved APC transporters
Authors: Karapanagioti Foteini , Atlason Úlfur Á. , Slotboom Dirk J. , Poolman Bert , Obermaier Sebastian
Published: January 2024

The emergence of new protein functions is crucial for the evolution of organisms. This process has been extensively researched for soluble enzymes, but it is largely unexplored for membrane transporters, even though the ability to acquire new nutrients from a changing environment requires evolvability of transport functions. Here, we demonstrate the importance of environmental pressure in obtaining a new activity or altering a promiscuous activity in members of the Amino acid-Polyamine-organoCation (APC)-type yeast amino acid transporters family. We identify APC members that have broader substrate spectra than previously described. Using
in vivo
experimental evolution, we evolve two of these transporter genes,
AGP1
and
PUT4
, towards new substrate specificities. Single mutations on these transporters are found to be sufficient for expanding the substrate range of the proteins, while retaining the capacity to transport all original substrates. Nonetheless, each adaptive mutation comes with a distinct effect on the fitness for each of the original substrates, illustrating a trade-off between the ancestral and evolved functions. Collectively, our findings reveal how substrate-adaptive mutations in membrane transporters contribute to fitness and provide insights into how organisms can use transporter evolution to explore new ecological niches.
Conservative Physiotherapy for Grade 4 Osteoarthritis Secondary to Genu Varum Deformity: A Case Report
Authors: Gulrandhe Purva , Kolhe Pradhyum , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: January 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent form of degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the knees, leading to a gradual loss of function, severe pain, joint stiffness, and reduced quality of life. Despite its severity, exercise treatment offers promising results and proves beneficial for a wide range of patients. Preoperative rehabilitation for OA patients often involves therapeutic approaches such as exercise treatment, electrotherapy, and manual therapy. The present case revolves around a 58-year-old male diagnosed with OA in both knees, with the presence of genu varum deformity. A personalised preoperative rehabilitation protocol was designed based on his specific symptoms of pain, stiffness, and difficulties in daily activities. The case study highlights the effectiveness of the preoperative physical therapy approach for managing bilateral osteoarthritic knees with genu varum deformity.
Antioxidant Effect of Levetiracetam and Brivaracetam Acting on Presynaptic SV2A Receptors: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Kataria Riya , Kadal Kranthi Karunai , Ramasamy Kavitha , Parikh Kruthi N
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Epilepsy is a serious psychological condition associated with social stigma, psychiatric co-morbidity, and a high economic burden. It is pertinent to develop novel treatment methods given the ever-evolving nature of the disease. Recently, various newer Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) have been under study, among which a newer targeted modality consists of SV2A receptors. Aim: To compare the antioxidant properties or free radical scavenging activity of the newer heterogeneous AEDs acting on the SV2A receptors, namely Levetiracetam (LEV) and Brivaracetam (BRV). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted at Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from July 2021 to August 2021. The study evaluated the antioxidant properties of LEV and BRV using various assays such as the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) test, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, Nitric Oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay, Superoxide Dismutase activity (SOD), and catalase activity. The obtained results were expressed using specific formulas related to the absorbance of the respective chemicals, along with the percentage of inhibition, and have been tabulated in Microsoft excel Sheet Version 16.16.27. Halfmaximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) values were calculated using scatter plot graphs. Results: The FRAP values for LEV were reported to be significantly higher compared to BRV at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 μg/mL, while at 100 μg/mL, BRV showed better ferric reducing activity. Although both drugs exhibited antioxidant activity, the results clearly identified LEV as a better NO radical scavenger, with a percentage of inhibition reaching up to 80.52%. During the SOD assay, the percentage inhibition of superoxide generation by LEV was found to be 99.02%, while that of BRV was 97.07% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. LEV (0.573) also showed a higher degradation of H2O2 per minute than BRV (0.065) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Conclusion: The results showed that both drugs, BRV and LEV, exhibited significant antioxidant capacity. However, LEV demonstrated increased antioxidant potency and efficacy compared to BRV.
p53 Expression in Gallbladder Lesions: A Cross-sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India
Authors: Walvir Nazia Manzoor , Rasool Zubaida , Masoodi Subrina , Hassan Ashfaq UL , Lone Abrar Habib , Abeer Inara
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Gallbladder lesions comprise inflammatory, benign, pre-malignant, and malignant lesions. The progression of benign lesions into malignant ones involves a complex process. The p53 gene is commonly disrupted in carcinogenesis. Malignant lesions may exhibit p53 overexpression compared to benign and inflammatory lesions. Aim: To investigate the distribution of gallbladder lesions and the expression of the p53 nuclear protein in these lesions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, from June 2020 to December 2022. A total of 249 specimens of gallbladder lesions, including congenital, inflammatory, benign, pre-malignant, and malignant lesions, were included. All samples underwent Haematoxylin & Eosin(H&E) staining and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with p53 antibody using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The association of P53 expression with histopathological diagnosis was analysed using Fisher’s Exact test. The final analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.0. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 249 specimens, there were 217 (87.14%) inflammatory lesions, 9 (3.6%) benign lesions, 2 (0.8%) premalignant lesions, and 21 (9.26%) malignant lesions. The main inflammatory lesions were Chronic Cholecystitis (CC) with 132 cases (60.83%) and CC with cholesterosis with 36 cases (16.59%). The most common pre-malignant lesion was choledochal cyst with 3 cases (3.33%). Benign tumours (leiomyoma) were present in 2 (0.8%) patients. Among the 21 (8.46%) malignant tumours, 4 (19.05%) were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 13 (61.9%) were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 4 (19.05%) were well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. P53 overexpression was significantly higher in patients with malignant tumours (9 cases, 42.86%) compared to inflammatory lesions (26 cases, 11.98%), benign lesions (0 cases, 0%), and pre-malignant lesions (0 cases, 0%) (p=0.003). Conclusion: Gallbladder lesions exhibit a wide range of histopathological presentations. Inflammatory lesions are the most common, followed by pre-malignant and malignant lesions. P53 can serve as a novel marker for differentiating inflammatory lesions from malignant lesions in the gallbladder.
Cell Sheet Engineering in Periodontology: A Review
Authors: Patil Ruchita Tejrao , Dhadse Prasad V , Salian Shrishti
Published: January 2024

Cell sheet engineering has developed its own place for the regeneration of tissues. It focuses on phenomena occurring at the cellular level, whereas regenerative medicine and tissue engineering aim to create or stimulate new tissue for the treatment of disease. In medicine and dentistry, tissue engineering, cell-based therapies, and regenerative medicine have been progressing rapidly for regeneration procedures. It has emerged as a promising strategy for scaffold-free cell-based regenerative medicine therapy by means of transplantable single or multi-layered cell-dense sheets to achieve tissue repair and regeneration. Cell sheet engineering could be one of the procedures for regeneration of periodontal tissues, which can yield better results. In this review, the authors will highlight the principal techniques of cell sheet engineering and its application in tissue regeneration in periodontal therapy.
Comparison of Haemodynamic Effects of Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine for Intubation using Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway in Patients undergoing Elective Surgery under General Anaesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Batool Sofia , Narwat Yogesh , Rai Ram Bahadur
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is a Supraglottic Airway (SGA) device through which endotracheal intubation can be performed. Laryngoscopy and intubation are known to initiate a haemodynamic response. LMAs in general produce a lesser pressor response, but intubating LMA provokes a higher response due to the invasiveness of tracheal intubation. Aim: To compare dexmedetomidine and clonidine in attenuating the haemodynamic response to intubating LMA, Ramsay sedation score, and the incidence of laryngopharyngeal injury. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, India, over a period of one year spanning from June 2020 to May 2021 to compare the two drugs in patients with American Soceity of Anaesthesiology (ASA)-I. The doses of clonidine and dexmedetomidine were 2.5 mcg/kg and 0.5 mcg/kg, respectively. The study parameters {Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and Mean Blood Pressure (MBP), Peripheral Saturation of Oxygen (SpO2 ) were recorded at baseline, pre- and post-induction, and at various time intervals (0, 1, 3, 5 minutes) after intubation. Sedation score was also recorded before intubation and after extubation. Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used to analyse the data (χ2 test for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous data). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for the duration of surgery (p=0.267), duration of anaesthesia (p=0.197), and the duration between closure and extubation (p=0.407). Dexmedetomidine better attenuated the response of HR and SBP just before induction, post-induction, and immediately post-intubation. All the haemodynamic parameters were better controlled by dexmedetomidine immediately after intubation. Sedation was better with dexmedetomidine in the pre-intubation as well as post-extubation period, except at five minutes post-drug infusion when clonidine was better. Conclusion: Compared to clonidine, dexmedetomidine was more effective in attenuating the patient’s haemodynamic response to intubating LMA in the immediate peri-intubation period. However, from 1 minute post-intubation onward, both drugs behaved similarly in controlling the pressor response.
Dermatoglyphic Patterns in Undergraduate Medical Students and their Association with Academic Performance: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thute Preeti Prabhakarrao , Padole Sagar Vasudeo , Bakane Bhaurao Champatrao , Bakane Aastha Bhaurao
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is the study of fingerprint patterns, which are unique to each individual and remain unchanged after birth. It has been used in criminology for decades. In recent years, its role in screening various medical conditions has been established. Dermatoglyphics has also been associated with cognitive ability, making it a potential predictor of academic potential. Aim: To investigate the association between dermatoglyphic patterns and the academic performance of medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra, India on 200 undergraduate medical students (94 males and 106 females) from January 2019 to December 2020. Fingerprint patterns were obtained using the standard ink method. The parameters studied included arches, loops, whorls, composites, Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC), and the 'atd' angle. The academic performance of participants was assessed based on the marks obtained in the National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET) and the overall marks scored in the first-year university examination. Statistical analysis involved the use of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: In present study, the most common fingerprint pattern in the right hand was an arch (30.9%), followed by a whorl (24.5%). In the left hand, the most common fingerprint pattern was a whorl (40.6%), followed by an ulnar loop (20.1%), with no gender difference observed. Thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger exhibited different fingerprint patterns between the right and left hand, indicating asymmetry. This asymmetry was associated with lower academic performance. Higher academic performers in the NEET had a higher frequency of whorls and composites. TFRC showed no association with academic performance. Students with an ‘atd’ angle between 41 and 50° demonstrated higher academic performance. Conclusion: The present study found that asymmetry of fingerprint patterns and a higher ‘atd’ angle (≥51°) were correlated with lower academic performance among medical students. These findings suggest potential directions for early academic intervention, provided multicentric studies are conducted in the future.
Current Perspectives on Proton Therapy: Techniques Shaping the Future of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Chakraborty Tamalika , Mahmood Ammar A Razzak , Kataria Jyoti , Chel-lathurai Amutha , Rani Vanitha Innocent , Prasanna Muthu
Published: January 2024

Traditional Radiation Therapy (RT) predominantly comprises a targeted therapeutic strategy focused on improving localised tumour control and achieving a cure while minimising the occurrence of adverse side effects. It could be feasible to take advantage of the better dose distribution by enabling larger RT dosages to the malignancy while preventing a rise in the toxicity of RT-induced healthy tissue, or by reducing adverse reactions to manageable levels. Poor local disease control and important dose-limiting normal tissue, which prevent safe dosage increase with conventional photon RT, have been the key justifications for RT. Proton treatment, on the other hand, delivers therapeutic protons or positive particles using proton beams. The potential advantage of protons’ physical properties allows for more localised RT delivery. By increasing the dosage to equitoxic levels, it is also possible to take advantage of the potential improvement in normal tissue sparing to support local tumour management and, ideally, longevity. Proton treatment preserves more important structures than photon therapy because of its unique physics. Thus, there is a need for wide usage of Proton Therapy (PT) for successive cancer treatment. The present review focuses on PT based on tumour site, clinical studies, biological barriers, instrumentation of PT, significance, and limitations.
Pulmonary Haemosiderosis Secondary to Mitral Valve Stenosis-Known Association of Uncommon Entity: A Case Report
Authors: Patil Chandrasekhar , Junaid Mohd Abdul Haq , Owais Mohd Abdul Wahab , Praveen K , Patel GN Ravi Kumar
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary haemosiderosis is a rare lung disease characterised by haemosiderin deposition in the lungs due to recurrent intra-alveolar bleeding. It can be idiopathic or secondary due to mitral stenosis. Affected patients will have symptoms of cough, haemoptysis, and shortness of breath. Radiologically, it is characterised by widespread tiny alveolar nodular opacities with or without septal thickening. Therefore, in the case of mitral valve stenosis, this imaging pattern on High-resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) should prompt suspicion of secondary pulmonary haemosiderosis. Here, the authors present the case of a 27-year-old male patient with mitral stenosis who presented with progressive shortness of breath, mild atypical chest pain for two months, and a cough with occasional haemoptysis in the last 10 days before the hospital visit, along with typical radiological findings of widespread tiny ground glass alveolar nodules on HRCT. The radiological knowledge of this rare entity is very important for confidently making the diagnosis in the proper clinical context, to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment.
Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Immunoexpression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review of Considerations for the Histopathologist
Authors: Kala Pooja Sharma , Thapliyal Naveen Chandra
Published: January 2024

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with most of the patients presenting in advanced stage. The associated high mortality and poor prognosis of the tumour has rendered the search for better therapeutic options than the traditional modalities of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy targeting Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 / Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) has been approved in recurrent/ metastatic HNSCC cases. PD-L1 expressing HNSCCs are likely to respond to immunotherapy. PD-L1 expression has been studied in peripheral blood utilising Circulating Tumour Cells (CTC) and soluble exosomes. Despite these non invasive techniques, PD-L1 expression has been most frequently assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) application on the Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) tissue of the tumour. Currently, many antibody clones and various IHC platforms are available for PD-L1, but only 22c3 has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Although, the availability of multiple options has made PD-L1 assessment possible and affordable at many centres worldwide, but various procedural, pre-analytical, and analytic issues have to be considered prior to the interpretation of immunoexpression of PD-L1. In this review, the authors aim to highlight the problem areas, and to understand the implications of PD-L1 expression in HNSCC. The authors propose recommendations for the optimal assessment of PD-L1 expression in HNSCC on IHC.
Impact of Mobile Money Technology on Sheabutter Marketing in Tolon District, Ghana
Authors: Osman Rubainatu , Shiraz Hamida , Abdulai Hubeida , Iddi Fairuzah Yahaya
Published: January 2024

Sheabutter processing and marketing is a major traditional enterprise among women in the Northern Ghana. The use of mobile technology has increased rapidly in many developing countries including Ghana. Looking at the unique marketing and other forms of transactions among women in the shea industry, it is essential for the industry to adopt mobile technology to ensure smooth transaction and market transformation. Mobile money technology adoption and shea butter marketing among women was studied by using cross-sectional survey data from Tolon District in Northern Ghana. A total of 250 women sheabutter processors and marketers in 13 communities in the district was selected randomly in 2022. The impact of mobile money technology adoption was analyzed using the Heckman Treatment model, and revealed that the adoption of mobile money technology had positive impact on sheabutter marketing. The factors influencing mobile technology adoption were also examined using the Probit model. The study recommends that expansion of mobile technology networks, increased investment in education, provision of credit facilities to processors can improve the sheabutter business. Women processors in rural communities should be trained on how to use mobile phones to access financial services by telecommunication companies and NGOs.
Unlocking Potential: Exploring the Socio-Economic Landscape of High School STEM Girls in Khulna and Rajshahi Districts
Authors: Alam Md. Mahmud , Rabbe K. M. Abdullah Al-Amin
Published: January 2024

The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education in Bangladesh permits students to choose a specialization based on aptitude, passion, and academic excellence that equips them for the college degree of their choice. So, the students who prefer the science stream are recognized as capable in all aspects. This study aims to explore the socio-economic characteristics of the STEM girls in Khulna and Rajshahi Districts of Bangladesh who are studying in classes IX and X in the science stream at secondary school, which assesses their ability to pursue STEM education. For this, the researchers have chosen a survey design. The study utilized 410 STEM girl students for a questionnaire survey from eight girls' high schools in Bangladesh's Khulna and Rajshahi districts. The schools were selected purposefully, and the students were selected randomly from classes nine and ten. Besides this, four focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted in four selected schools, where 44 (forty-four) participants attended and gave their opinions, comments, and observations. Data and information have been collected between July 2021 and June 2023. Using descriptive statistics and qualitative methods, socio-economic strands of the STEM girls have been explored, which cover their religious affiliation, age, marital status, educational qualifications of respondents' parents, occupational status of their parents, household-based income and expenditure analysis of the respondents' parents or guardians, information about family and siblings of the STEM girls, monthly expense analysis, and residential status. It was found that most of them are ahead of the national index of Bangladesh in some indexes. So, it is logical to claim that even though some STEM girls face severe problems, they are capable of studying STEM education in Bangladesh's existing framework.
An IoT-Based Water Leakage Detection and Localization System
Authors: Ayamga Michael Asakiyaaba , Nakpih Callistus Ireneous
Published: January 2024

In this research, we present a proposed Internet of Things based model, which we have named iWaLDeL, for the detection and localization of water leakages which we simulated for the Ghana Water Company (GWC) pipe network, using YF-S201 Flow Rate Sensors and Static Leak Detection techniques. Through an extensive review of existing methods, the research highlights the limitations of traditional detection approaches and emphasizes the potential of modern technologies. The iWaLDeL system harnesses the power of IoT devices, deploying an array of strategically placed sensors capable of detecting leakages and pressure variations. These sensors form a distributed network which communicates with a central hub, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the monitored area. Crucially, the research delves into the innovative aspect of leak localization. By combining data from multiple sensors and pipes, the system can estimate the precise location of a leakage following a mathematical model we developed. This localization capability significantly reduces the time required for maintenance teams to address leakage issues, minimizing water loss and further damages. To validate its effectiveness, the system was prototyped and tested, which demonstrated a successful leak detection and localization, showcasing its adaptability in both residential and commercial settings. The system’s seamless integration with existing smart infrastructure enhances its feasibility for real-world implementation.
AI for Identity and Access Management (IAM) in the Cloud: Exploring the Potential of Artificial Intelligence to Improve User Authentication, Authorization, and Access Control within Cloud-Based Systems
Authors: Olabanji Samuel Oladiipo , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Adigwe Chinasa Susan , Okunleye Olalekan Jamiu , Oladoyinbo Tunbosun Oyewale
Published: January 2024

This comprehensive study explores the integration and effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Identity and Access Management (IAM) within cloud environments. It primarily focuses on how AI can enhance user authentication, authorization, and access control, addressing the challenges and possibilities in cloud computing. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative analyses. A survey involving 582 cybersecurity experts provides insights into the current state and potential of AI in IAM, while multiple regression analysis examines the impact of various factors on system effectiveness. Four hypotheses are explored: the impact of hardware and software configurations on system accuracy (H1), the influence of computational environments on reliability (H2), the role of demographic factors in user acceptance (H3), and the effect of technological enhancements on system performance and acceptance (H4). Findings indicate significant correlations between these factors and the effectiveness of AI in IAM. Notably, hardware configurations and security concerns influence system accuracy; computational environment variations affect system reliability; demographic factors impact user acceptance; and enhancements such as user feedback, advancements in AI technology, continuous learning algorithms, and system transparency improve performance and acceptance. These insights underscore the need for advanced hardware, standardized software, user-centric design, and continuous improvement in AI technologies for effective IAM in cloud environments. The study provides actionable recommendations for cloud service providers and developers, emphasizing the importance of involving users in development processes, ensuring transparency, and adopting adaptive algorithms. Future research directions include longitudinal studies on the impact of technological advancements and exploring demographic-specific responses to AI-integrated IAM solutions.
Design Considerations in Electric Multi-Tool Carrier for Protected Cultivation
Authors: Yamagar S. G.  , Kumar Adarsh , Kushwaha H. L. , Singh Awani Kumar , Ramasubramanian V.
Published: January 2024

The design considerations of a prototype electric multi-tool carrier rely heavily on the selection of a prime mover, where the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor emerges as the optimal choice. The BLDC motor's compact size, reduced weight, and high torque output make it well-suited for the intended agricultural operations. The transition from the prime mover to the power transmission system involves determining the ground wheel diameter and achieving a target speed of 10 km/h. The calculated speed ratio of the BLDC prime mover to the power transmission system (25:1) ensures efficient and synchronized multi-tool carrier operation. During testing, the BLDC prime mover exceeded expectations, producing a torque of 90.24 Nm, surpassing the specified requirement of 67.53 Nm. This robust performance highlights the prime mover capability to meet and exceed operational demands across varying speeds. The meticulous consideration of torque requirements in the design phase validates the BLDC motor's efficiency for the proposed electric multi-tool carrier, emphasizing its suitability for the envisioned application.
Green Advertising through the Eyes of the Youth: A Study on Environmentally Responsible Behaviour
Authors: Kashyap Alinda , Saraswat Shilpi
Published: January 2024

Green advertising aims to highlight environmentally friendly products or the advertiser's corporate environmental responsibility towards environment. Considering the importance that responsibility of organisations towards environment and environmental behaviour of consumers have in modern market circumstances, green advertising is a crucial theoretical and practical idea in modern advertising. The goal of undertaking present research was to know the opinion of the youth of Vadodara city regarding green advertisement and their environmentally responsible behaviour. The research was descriptive in nature. Questionnaire was prepared to collect the data using the survey approach wherein 200 youth from Vadodara City made up the study's sample, sample size, and locale. The study's conclusions demonstrated that majority of respondents (80%) were undergraduates belonging to nuclear families (78%) where only 9% of the respondents were men and 90% were women. It was also found that majority of respondents (80%) were students and television was the source of medium from which highest number of respondents heard about green advertising. Results showed that the majority (98.50%) of respondents showed most favourable opinion towards green advertisements. Majority (94%) of the respondents showed somewhat environmentally responsible behaviour. Further, the sub section “emotional response to environmental problems” (31.50%) showed highest environmentally responsible behaviour and the sub section “emotional response to environmental problems” (4.50%) again showed least environmentally responsible behaviour. The results of the study implies that targeting youth through television advertisements may be an effective strategy to garner favorable opinions and encourage environmentally responsible behavior, with a specific focus on emotional engagement with environmental problems as a key driver. Thus, green advertising is becoming a crucial component of the advertising industry to promote company’s products in an innovative way and attract customers who would eventually purchase eco-friendly goods. The long-term benefits and necessity of it will make it profitable through increased customer satisfaction, which will positively affect consumer purchasing intentions.
Effect of Irrigation and Nutrient Management Studieson Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Sahu Gayatri , Bhuyan Baishnabi , Mishra Sancharita , Panda Debadarshini , Bebarta Anchal Aradhana
Published: January 2024

Aim: To study the effect of Irrigation and nutrient management studieson Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in red and laterite soil of Odisha.
Study Design: Treatments included three irrigation levels (I1: 2 irrigations at 21 and 63 days after sowing, I2: 2 irrigations at 21 and 42 days after sowing and I3: 3 irrigations at 21, 42 and 63 days after sowing ) are treated in main plot and four nutrient management (N1: 100% RDF, N2: 100% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM, N3: 100% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250 l/ha and N4: 75% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250 l/ha) are treated in sub plot were experimented in split plot design replicate thrice.
Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted during Summer at khujimahal, Chandaka, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar Odisha.
Results: The results showed that highest seed yield (643.49 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1820.13 kg ha-1) and harvest index (26.04%) was obtained in I3. N4 (75% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250 l/ha) showed second highest seed yield (652.21 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1882.07 kg ha-1) and harvest index (25.74%) which is at per with N3. Highest water use efficiency (2.72 kg ha-1 m-1) was calculated in I2N3.
Conclusion: cultivation of sesame under75% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250 l/ha with 2 irrigations at 21 and 42 days after sowing proved better in terms of yield, economics and water use efficiency.
An Evaluation of the Effects of the Herbal Supplements of Amla (Emblica officinalis) and Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) on the Liver Function Parameters of Magra lambs Living in the Extensive System in Western Rajasthan's Arid Zone
Authors: Joshi Abhishek , Saini Nirmala , Yadav Vishal , Udawat Rajpal Singh , Mohta Rajesh , Goswami S.C.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of herbal feed additives amla (Emblica officinalis) and giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) on Liver Function Test parameters of Magra lambs in the extensive management system. The experiment was performed on twenty eight magra lambs of three to four months of age under the extensive system, which were randomly distributed into four experimental groups of seven lambs in each group in a randomized block design (RBD). Herbal feed additive amla (Emblica officinalis) fruit powder with seed and giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) stem powder were supplemented at level of 1.5g/kg body weight with concentrate as oral/feed supplemented in T1 and T2 group, respectively except control group (C) and T3 in extensive management system. Group T3 were supplemented with the combination of amla (Emblica officinalis) fruit powder and giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) stem powder at the level of 0.75g/kg body weight with concentrate as oral/feed. At the end of experiment it appears that supplementation of herbal feed additives amla and giloy do not effect liver activity during the experimental period. Therefore, it can be concluded that the experiment was safe and did not cause any damage to the liver.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors for Acute Heart Failure: A Systematic Review
Authors: Imtiaz Zainab , Eshete Filagot D , Arshad Laaraib , Gopal Shwetha , Siddiqui Muhammad Najmal Qamar , Anyiman Tope Mwuese , Ayo-Farai Oluwatoyin , Anyiman Terwase , Martin Obianyo Chekwube , Akpughe Ome Valentina , Onyemarim Henry , Ahmed Abdeltawwab , Gabriel Kareeba Leefoon , Ezeamii Victor Chiedozie , Ho-Sang Nicole Leonie
Published: January 2024

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have recently drawn attention as a viable therapy for acute heart failure (AHF). Despite this, a comprehensive synthesis of current research has not been undertaken.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review evaluated eight studies involving 3,352 participants. The scope encompassed research from the last twenty years, focusing on the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in AHF management. Detailed considerations regarding the temporal context and heterogeneity were incorporated into the methodology.

Results: The utilization of SGLT2 inhibitors yielded compelling results in improving cardiovascular outcomes, showcasing a substantial 58.2% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and a noteworthy 15% decrease in NT-proBNP levels. Empagliflozin therapy, specifically, exhibited enhanced clinical efficacy, as indicated by a 48% improvement in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Total Symptom Score. Furthermore, a detailed analysis revealed that markers of acute kidney injury witnessed a significant reduction after the administration of empagliflozin. This reduction reached statistical significance after 3 days of treatment (P=0.02) and persisted through the 7-day assessment (P=0.003). This comprehensive exploration of the results provides a more nuanced understanding of the multifaceted benefits associated with SGLT2 inhibitors, particularly empagliflozin, in the management of acute heart failure.

Conclusion: The current body of research strongly supports the application of SGLT2 inhibitors in managing AHF, emphasizing considerable improvements in clinical outcomes. Despite these positive findings, the abstract acknowledges the need for further research to determine the optimal timing, dosage, long-term safety of these inhibitors, and their effectiveness across diverse patient populations.
Integrated Reiki Therapy for the Treatment and Management of Psychosomatic Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Katiyar Prashant , Chauhan Muskan , Upreti Jaya , Arya Vedpriya
Published: January 2024

Background: The escalating prevalence of stress and anxiety disorders has emerged as a pronounced public health concern, exerting a profound impact on the global well-being of individuals. Despite its increasing recognition, empirical investigations into the precise application of Reiki therapy for stress and anxiety disorders remain scant.

Primary Study Objective: This pilot study aims to fill this critical void by delving into the potential benefits of Reiki therapy as a complementary intervention for the treatment and management of stress and anxiety.

Methods: In this observational study, 31 volunteers self-reporting stress, anxiety, or psychological disorders were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaire for anxiety and depression. Pre- and post-treatment HRQoL scores were meticulously compared, and the significance of the disparities in these scores was meticulously computed.

Setting: The study was conducted at Patanjali Yogpeeth in Haridwar.

Results: Analysis was restricted to volunteers who completed the 3-day Reiki sessions. Strikingly, statistically significant enhancements were discerned across all outcome measures, encompassing positive affect, negative affect, pain, drowsiness, tiredness, nausea, appetite, shortness of breath, anxiety, depression, and overall well-being (P<0.0001).

Conclusion: The constancy and extensive scope of these improvements suggest that Reiki therapy may not only address specific symptoms but also contribute significantly to a predominant escalation of mental and physical health.
Prophetic Treatments for the Phenomenon of Violence and Bullying Against Women and Children
Authors: Wanas Dr. Jalil Mohsen , Turky Zubaida Ghazi
Published: January 2024

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, our Prophet Muhammad, and upon all his family and companions. The issue of violence against women and children is one of the serious challenges facing modern societies. Violence directed at women and children constitutes a serious violation of human rights and negatively affects victims and societies in general. In this context, Islam takes a comprehensive approach in addressing this issue, where we can benefit from the Sunnah of the Prophet as a valuable source for understanding and addressing violence. This thesis aims to study violence against women and children and its various forms, and to focus on treatment and treatment in light of the Sunnah of the Prophet. The study will focus on understanding the causes of violence and the factors affecting it, as well as analyzing the Prophetic texts and Sunnah to extract the foundations and principles that can contribute to addressing violence.
Effects of menstrual cycle phase on reporting levels of aggression using the buss and perry aggression questionnaire
Authors: Ritter Dominik
Published: October 2003

The Aggression Questionnaire [Buss and Perry, 1992, Journal of Personality and Aggression, vol. 63, pp. 452–459] was administered to women at menses and during the midluteal phase of their menstrual cycles to assess changes in reporting aggressive behavior as a function of menstrual phase. Men served as a control group, and also received the questionnaire twice, once at session I and once at session II. Women at menses reported a significantly higher level of physically aggressive behavior than during the midluteal phase. A similar but non‐significant trend was found for reporting verbal aggression. There were no changes in reporting of anger or hostility across the menstrual cycle. This produced a significant sex‐difference on reporting physical aggression between men and women at the midluteal phase but not at menses. Aggr. Behav. 29:531–538, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.