bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of cave-dwelling bats in Leang Londrong, Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park: An initial field note
Authors: Nasri N. , Maulany R.I. , Hamzah A S
Published: November 2021

Leang Londrong is one the caves in Maros-Pangkep Karst Formation utilized for nature tourism and has become a habitat for bats. Little is known on the bats inhabited the cave. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the diversity, abundance, morphometric of cave-dwelling bats in Leang Londrong, Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park as well as their distribution of roosting sites and micro-climate conditions between May-June 2021. The bats were trapped and collected by using two-layered mist nets erected in front of cave entrance. With captured-marked-recaptured (CMR) method, bat diversity, abundance, and morphometric, were examined. Direct measurements on roosting sites were employed to determine micro-climate conditions. There were 3 species ofMicrochiropteranbats found in the site namelyRhinolophus arcuatus, Hipposideros diademaandMyotis sp.Total number of all bats trapped in the net during the observation days was 10 individuals. The largest bat species found living in the cave wasHipposideros diadema(average body length of 101.1 mm; tail of 51.46 mm; ear 24.5 mm; forearm length of 96.12 mm; tibia length of 34.6 mm; hind foot of 14.32 mm; and 63.75 g of weight). Meanwhile,Myotissp. was known to be the smallest. For micro-climate conditions, the five roosting sites inside the cave had the average temperature of 26.58°C (range: 26.2-27.3) with the humidity in average around 92.88% (range 89.6-93.8%), while the average light intensity was found to be 0 lx in each roost with the noise level recorded in average of 65.08 dB.
Productivity of Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw.) and biodiversity of agroforestry systems at various altitudes in Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Millang Syamsuddin
Published: November 2021

There are two important things that farmers consider in selecting and developing plant species in their agroforestry system, namely productivity and suitability to the site. This study aims to determine the productivity of the pangi crop and the biodiversity of the agroforestry system at different altitudes. This research was conducted from June to November 2018 at three different altitudes, namely in Lembang Palesan (Rembon District) which represents an altitude of <600 m above sea level, Lembang Turunan (Sangalla District) which represents an altitude of 800-850 m above sea level, and Lembang Gasing (Mengkendek District) which represents an altitude of > 1000 m above sea level. The research method used is a survey method with the placement of sample plots by Purposive Sampling. The sample plot size is 20m x 50m or 0.1 ha. At each different altitude, 10 sample plots were made, so the number of sample plots was 30. The parameters measured were pangi fruit production, tree diameter and height and recorded all plant species in the sample plot. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and descriptively, while agroforestry system plant species diversity was identified using vegetation analysis methods. The results showed that the fruit production of the pangi plant, density, LBDS and diameter of the pangi tree were significantly different at each different altitude and the largest was at an altitude of 800-850 m above sea level, but the number of plant species and the diversity of plant species at each altitude were relatively the same in the medium category, as well as the density of all types of plants, and the average height of pangi trees were not significantly different at each different altitude. Thus, it is not recommended that pangi crop be developed at an altitude above 850 m above sea level.
The development strategy of Trigona sp beekeeping at SMKN 4 Luwu
Authors: Kurnia  , Alam Syamsu , Sadapotto Andi
Published: November 2021

Forest has various sources that can be utilized and honey is one of the non-timber forest products produced from Trigona sp beekeeping at SMKN 4 Luwu. This research is intended to describe the Trigona sp beekeeping business and identify the internal and external factors as the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges from beekeeping business and so it can be formulated a good strategy to be carried out with using SWOT matrix. The analysis result shown the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity Threats. The alternative strategy that can be applied to develop the beekeeping business based on the analysis result of SWOT which dealing with the government for capital support, deligating the members to participate in beekeeping training, the availability of sustainable feed sources, utilizing the modern technology, using the compelling packaging, implementing the SOP in the packaging process so that the packaging is more hygienic, increasing the production volume, selling with competitive price, marketing the products through technology and keeping the school environment safety by installing the CCTV in the area of beekeeping business.
Evaluation of the village conservation model program in Mount Rinjani National Park using institutional sustainability principles
Authors: Ichsan Andi Chairil , Anwar Hairil , Aji Irwan Mahakam Lesmono , Webliana Kornelia , Febryano Indra Gumay , Waru Tenri
Published: November 2021

Conservation Village Model (MDK) is one form of institution since it contains various mechanisms and rules to ensure the operationalization of activities in the field. In this regard, the evaluation process plays a substantial role in ensuring the sustainability of MDK institutions. Thus, studies related to institutional performance are crucial to describe the conditions of MDK implementation in TNGR based on the principles of institutional sustainability. This research was done between April and July 2016, focusing on two villages (i.e. Santong Village and Pesangrahan Village) that have been designated by the Mount Rinjani National Park Office as recipients of the conservation village model program. The analytical tool used to evaluate institutional performance refers to the eight principles of sustainable institutional. The results showed that the implementation of MDK in Mount Rinjani National Park had a low institutional performance. Several facts revealed in this study indicate that so far, the implementation of MDK in TNGR has not accommodated several sustainable institutional principles. These include the absence of mechanisms that regulate the clarity of community access to the use of national parks, differences in program interventions with community preferences, and the absence of mechanisms on benefit cost-sharing and dispute resolution at the operational level.
Estimation of biomass potential, carbon stocks, and carbon sequestration of Trigona sp honey bees feed
Authors: Muthmainnah  , Abdullah A , Ridha A , Rusyidi S
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the biomass potential of Trigona sp honey bees in Bontotiro subdistrict as well as its carbon stock and carbon sequestration. The research was carried out for two months starting from May to June 2021, located in the sub district of Bontotiro, district of Bulukumba. The biomass measurement was carried out by making 11 plots with a size of 20 x 20 for the tree level, 10 m x 10 m for the poles level, and 5 m x 5 m for the sapling level. Tree biomass was calcula ted using allometric equations. Measurement of carbon stocks was carried out by multiplying the total biomass with the percentage value of carbon content of 0.47, while the carbon sequestration was calculated by multiplying the average annual growth of biomass with the conversion rate of 1.4667 obtained from the photosynthesis equation. The results showed that the potential of biomass of tree, poles, and sapling levels were 4.5, 1.4, and 0.3 tons/year, respectively. The carbon stocks of the tree, poles, and sapling levels were 68.6, 13.7, and 1.8 tons/year, respectively. The carbon sequestration of the tree, poles, and sapling were 6.6, 2.1, and 0.56 tons/year, respectively.
Forest health study in efforts to preserve community forest agroforestry patterns in Kubu Batu Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province
Authors: Puspita Eka Nala , Safe’i Rahmat , Kaskoyo Hari
Published: November 2021

The agroforestry pattern community forest in Kubu Batu Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province has essential values for the community, both economically, ecologically, and socially. Therefore, to ensure the sustainability of the community forest, a forest health assessment is carried out. Forest health assessment is one of the criteria for achieving community forest sustainability. This study aims to determine the condition (status) and ecological factors that affect the health level of community forests using agroforestry patterns in Kubu Batu Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The research methods used are the Forest Health Monitoring method to measure forest health with the Forest Health Assessment Information System (SIPUT) and sperm rank correlation to determine the relationship between ecological factors and the health level community forests using agroforestry patterns. The results showed the condition (status) of community forest health in agroforestry patterns with good categories in cluster plots 2, 4, 5, and 6, moderate categories in cluster plots 1 and 7, and bad categories in cluster plots 3. Strongly positive/unidirectional agroforestry patterns are the crown condition and tree species diversity. This condition illustrates that it preserves community forests using agroforestry patterns in Kubu Batu Village is necessary to focus tree species diversity attention on tree crown parameters. Thus, the health status of community forest agroforestry patterns in Kubu Batu Village is good. This proves that the people there have made efforts to maintain the sustainability of their community forests.
Models and spatial patterns of deforestation in the Jeneberang watershed
Authors: Rijal Syamsu , Tirsyayu Tirza , Chairil A , Nursaputra Munajat , Mukhlisa Andi Nurul
Published: November 2021

Deforestation is an event of permanent land cover change from forest cover to non-forest cover. Deforestation events are very influential on the condition of a watershed area. One of the watersheds on the island of Sulawesi that has become a concern is the Jeneberang watershed because of its influence on the city of Makassar and is a priority watershed in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the model and spatial pattern of deforestation in the Jeneberang watershed. The deforestation analysis model uses the binary logistic regression method by including factors such as a river, population density, road, count, and slope. Analysis of the spatial pattern of deforestation using Fragstat software based on three indices to describe the spatial pattern, namely the Clumpiness Index, Contiguity Mean Index, and Patch Density. The model of deforestation in the Jeneberang watershed shows the road network factor that has the most influence on the occurrence of deforestation. The road network is quite high in all areas in the Jeneberang watershed including the upstream part as a protection zone. The road network serves as community access between villages and sub-districts in Gowa Regency and connects other regencies such as Sinjai, Takalar, and Jeneponto. The spatial pattern of deforestation in the Jeneberang watershed is grouping, the level of connectivity is high, and it is not fragmented. This pattern shows that deforestation occurs in groups, is interconnected with previously deforested areas, and has a fairly large area. This pattern occurs at a relatively low rate and remains the same when the deforestation rate increases or decreases.
Carbon storage and sequestration potentials in Sulawesi endemic species
Authors: Paembonan S A , Larekeng S H , Millang S
Published: November 2021

Several endemic species of Sulawesi have different growths and are generally influenced by local environmental factors. There are three well-known endemic species of Sulawesi, namely Macadamia (Macadamia hildebrandii), Elmerillia (Elmerillia ovalis), and Gophasa (Vitex cofassus). These three species are widely developed in community forests and are the mainstay of the community as building materials and for other purposes. These three species can be used as good absorbers of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the context of mitigating climate change. Macadamia and Elmerillia species grow well in the highlands, while Gophasa is generally found in the lowlands. From the results of the growth analysis, it is known that Macadamia and Elmerillia are medium growing species, while gophasa are slow-growing species. The results showed that the three endemic species have a good ability to absorb carbon from the air. At the age of 20 years, these three species can store carbon which is quite high, namely 132.38 tons/ha for Macadamia, 152.04 tons/ha for Elmerillia, and 82.65 tons/ha for gophasa. When converted to the ability to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, the three species can absorb 485.85 tons CO2/ha, 557.99 tons CO2/ha, and 303.33 tons CO2/ha, respectively.
Analysis of flood vulnerability in the lawo watershed Soppeng Regency
Authors: Irfan M , Soma A S , Barkey R A
Published: November 2021

The Lawo Watershed (DAS) is a watershed located in Soppeng Regency and every year during the rainy season it is prone to flooding. Other factors that cause flood vulnerability are slope, rainfall, soil type, altitude, and inappropriate land use. This study aims to determine the distribution of the level of flood vulnerability in the Lawo watershed, Soppeng Regency. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The method of making maps uses overlays and scoring between variables. Each variable will be given a score by giving weights and values according to the classification. Variables that have gone through the scoring stage will be overlaid with other variables using the ArcGIS application so as to produce a map of the level of flood vulnerability. The data analysis technique used descriptive method. The result of the research is a map of the level of flood susceptibility with four levels of vulnerability. There are two dominant levels of flood vulnerability in the Lawo watershed, namely not prone to flooding and prone to flooding. The flood-prone level is located downstream of the Lawo watershed with an area of 13,172 ha or 34.33% of the total watershed area, while the non-flood prone level is located in the upstream part of the watershed with an area of 13,923 ha or 36.28% of the total watershed area. The dominant factor that causes flooding in the Lawo watershed is the slope and land use. Most of the area of the Lawo watershed has a slope of 0-8% with a presentation of 57.22% of the total watershed area, and 32.97% of land use is in the form of rice fields and swamp shrubs.
Analysis of drought index to asses land and forest fire season in Maros Regency
Authors: Rismawati Nur , Millang Syamsuddin , Rijal Syamsu , Arty Budi
Published: November 2021

Forest and land fires occur almost every year, so they are a concern and priority in their control efforts. One of the important factors in the effort to control forest and land fires is knowing the times and locations that are prone to forest and land fires. This study aims to describe the level of drought and areas prone to forest and land fires in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was conducted in January to August 2017. The data collection was obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency, the Climate Change Control Center, and the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The data were analyzed using the Polygon Thiessen method, the Keecth Byram Drought Index (KBDI) method, and the spatial analysis method. The results showed that extreme drought conditions in Maros Regency occurred from September to October based on observations of maximum rainfall and temperature. The forest area classified as moderate forest fire danger rating dominates the Maros Regency area, namely 73418.67 ha (45.77%). Maros Regency which is included in the area with a very high forest fire danger rating is Tompobulu and Cenrana Districts.
The variation of carbon content and bulk density on different time period post fire and peat depth
Authors: Qirom Muhammad Abdul , Yuwati Tri Wira , Rachmanadi Dony , Halwany Wawan
Published: November 2021

Peatland plays the biggest carbon sink and the biggest carbon stock is in the soil. The main factors determining the number of carbon stock are bulk density and soil carbon content. Fire has caused the changes in the soil biophysical condition however limited study has been performed. The aim of this study is to obtain the number of carbon content and bulk density on post burning sites and various peat depth. The study was conducted on post burning peatland sites after 22 years, 16 years, 5 years and one site that has never been burnt. Two hundred and eighteen soil samples were collected up to the 5 m depth. Laboratorium analysis was carried out using Loss of Ignition method. The result showed that the average carbon content was 52.65% with the biggest carbon content was 53.98% from the site that has never been burnt. Nevertheless, the carbon content was not effected by the fire scenes. Peat depth had effect on the carbon content adjacent to the peat sub-stratum. Generally, the carbon content was lower following the distance to peat sub-stratum however the number of carbon content varied on the upper layer of peat sub-stratum. The carbon content value was different with the conversion factor of 46% or 50%, respectively. It was shown by the diversity analysis that the conversion value different with the value of carbon obtained in this research (Pvalue < 0.05). The peat bulk density was not effected by the period of fire. Generally, the bulk density was bigger following the distance to peat sub-stratum and it showed no pattern on the upper layer of the peat sub-stratum. The implication of this study emphasized that the conversion factor for peatland should be more than 50% to prevent underestimate carbon stock prediction.
Reducing ecological risk from the impacts of introduced exotic species in forestry industry: Limiting the invasiveness through a management and biological practices in Acacias plantation in Indonesia
Authors: Nirsatmanto A , Sunarti S
Published: November 2021

Balance benefit of ecological, economic, and social is a part of sustainable forest management. Industrial forest plantation is one of the ecological practices through increasing land cover to provide a good impact for economic and social. Introducing suitable species for industry from out of regions is commonly practiced in the plantation. In Indonesia, some Acacias species have been recognized as major plantation species to meet industrial requirements that are economically feasible, suited to major end-product, high productivity, and fast growth. However, some studies have classified the Acacias as exotic species which potentially show an invasive. Taking into account such invasiveness and anticipating ecological risk, this paper presents some considerations on plantation management and biological practices of the Acacias. Compromises among the reproductive system, growth, and rotation in the plantation management could limit the invasiveness. Besides high stand productivity, results from genetic and breeding could also provide a positive impact to diminish the reproductive process of trees that consequently reduce seeds in the Acacias plantation and limit its invasiveness. It concludes that some considerations and a good understanding of biological factors in plantation management practices could reduce ecological risk from the invasiveness of Acacias, and even it could be used for increasing plantation productivity.
Analysis of soil permeability and C-Organic in landslide events in Tangka Sub-Watershed
Authors: Umam S , Ahmad A , Rasyid B
Published: November 2021

One of the areas in South Sulawesi Province classified as prone to landslides is the Tangka Sub-watershed in the West Sinjai Sub-District. The factors used in making the susceptibility map in the West Sinjai area mostly use general characteristics, such as slope, slope shape, distance from the river, lithology, land cover, and rainfall. Several previous research results stated that internal soil factors significantly affect the occurrence of landslides. Therefore, this study aims to determine the internal characteristics of the soil, especially the permeability and C-organic soil, which affects the occurrence of landslides and create a susceptibility map based on the resulting frequency ratio value. Soil permeability analysis using permeameter method, C-Organic analysis using Walkley and Black method, and susceptibility maps using frequency ratio method. The results showed that the low permeability and c-organic level of the soil increased the soil susceptibility to landslide events and produced a more detailed map of the area susceptibility than using only general factors.
Challenges on fire severity assessment in Indonesia: A vegetation diversity changes perspective
Authors: Syaufina Lailan , Sitanggang Imas Sukaesih , Afina Fakhri Sukma
Published: November 2021

Fire severity assessment plays a significant role in post-fire management, which relates to burned area recovery, economic valuation, and law enforcement. Although various fire severity assessments have been conducted in several burned areas in Indonesia, the standardized method seems limited. This study aims to define criteria and indicators for forest and land fire severity assessment based on systematic reviews using a text mining approach. Systematic reviews on peer-reviewed journal articles related to forest fire severity published in 2010-2021 from Google Scholar source was conducted using Publish or Perish application using keywords of forest fire, severity, criteria, indicator, vegetation, soil, wildlife, living trees, mortality, survival, a burned area, abundance with no citations nor patents included. The linkage among forest fire severity related terms was analyzed using the VOSviewer application, which is based on a text mining approach to identify the most common criteria and indicators for fire severity assessment. The study revealed that there are 991 articles published fits to the keywords, of which 269 articles close related to forest fire severity from 75 peer-reviewed journals. Text mining analyses resulted in 4 clusters of forest fire severity related terms. The criteria commonly used for forest fire severity assessment are vegetation and soil, while the options for indicators including diversity, abundance, forest structure, tree mortality, and burn depth. These criteria and indicators are recommended for formulating forest fire severity assessment standard methods in Indonesia.
Optimization of corn commodity Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) in South Sulawesi based on system dynamics
Authors: Mardia Mardia , Rukmana Didi , Mahyuddin  , Fachrie Mardiana Ethrawaty
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to study various factors that influence farmers in using the warehouse receipt system (WRS) and to apply the warehouse receipt system policy scenario in South Sulawesi. The method used is a dynamic system. The simulation results of the actual model type are that the income obtained from the actual (existing) model using WRS is higher than the direct income (selling corn directly) without entering the warehouse (WRS), as well as real income (where 100% of the corn that is produced) entered the warehouse immediately sold at the time without any delay in selling). The ideal type of warehouse receipt system shows the result that there is a difference in income (lost profit/benefit loss) if it does not optimize the existence of the warehouse, in other words, the average annual loss of income is 113.5 billion. The model shows that by delaying the sale, the profit difference (difference in income) is obtained from 38.35 billion to 189.77 billion or an average of 113.5 billion per year. The scenario model was developed with the consideration of optimizing the ideal model, namely optimizing the difference in income obtained from selling delays of 30% with a strategy of increasing agricultural productivity through increasing farmer productivity, which can be done in various ways such as training, socialization, education, institutional Warehouse receipt systems must carry out changes to increase productivity and performance in the field, build strong stakeholder support between local and central government
The effect of starter fermentation time and the different volumes of starters in making nata de arenga
Authors: Taskirawati Ira , Surmi  , Baharuddin  , Safe’i Rahmat
Published: November 2021

Nira derived from palm sugar (Arenga pinnataMerr.) can be made into several processed products such as brown sugar, vinegar, and wine. Nata de arenga is one of the products that utilizing from nira of palm sugar as one of the basic materials. This study aims to determine the Effect of starter fermentation time and the difference in the volume of starters for making nata from nira ofArenga pinnata.There are two stages used in this study; the first is making the starter, and the second is making nata. In the making of a starter, there are three starter fermentation’s time, namely starter which fermentation for four days (F1), six days (F2), and eight days (F3). In making nata, given the three different variations volume of starter, i.e., 100 ml (Va), 200 ml (Vb), and 300 ml (Vc) combined with starter fermentation’s time. Each treatment combination is three repetitions to enhance the validity of the results. The research data were then analysed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial experiment. The results showed the highest average yield in the combination of starter treatment which fermented for eight days with a 300 ml volume of starter (F3Vc). In this combination, the microbes in the fermentation medium are in optimum physiological conditions for the fermentation process.
Natural colonization of vegetation under twenty years restoration of ex-cement mining
Authors: Widyati E , Yulianti M , Darwiati W , Irianto RSB , Prameswari D
Published: November 2021

Biodiversity loss can be drastically aggravated by mining activities. Opened pit mining removes all material, including vegetation, above the ore deposit. Cement industries always implement opened mining as they process all rocks into cement. Restoration is known as the best human interference to drive the damaged ecosystem to recover. This study aimed to observe vegetation that was naturally grown under Pinus sp after 20 years of planting on ex-cement mining. The study was conducted in Sukabumi District, in three sites that were distributed in Cicantayan (2 sites) Sub District and Cibadak Sub District. Each location disses ivided into three points to conduct analysis vegetation in transects, for trees 2 units (10 x 10 m), shrubs 4 units (5 x 5 m), and grasses 5 units (1x1 m). The study resulted after 20 years of planting with Pinus (3 x 3 m) the sites recorded have been inhabited by 13 new species. They are 4 woody trees species, 4 species of shrubs, and 5 species of under-story (grasses). Tree stratum new inhabitants are Ficus spp, Macaranga gigantea, Schima wallichii, and Hibiscus tilliaceus, with the important value index (IVI) 57.83%; 53.67%; 33.17 %, 26.5%; respectively. Shrub’s stratum is inhabited by Mimosa invisa (IVI 76.66%); Eupatorium odoratum (IVI 76.66 %); Melastoma malabathricum (IVI 73.83%); and Clibadium suninamensis (IVI 72.837%). Whereas grasses stratum inhabited by Imperrata cyllindrica (IVI 98.77%); Brachiaria decumbens (IVI 98.60%); Themedia gigantea (IVI 43.11%); Setaria spp (IVI 31.83%), Cymbophogon citratus (IVI 27.69%). Shortly, restoration has encouraged natural colonization even acid mine drainage on the body waters remains occurred.
The productivity and economic value of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) planted intercropped with satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. Antiquorum) with various levels of compost
Authors: Syafiuddin M , Jayadi M , Rasyid B , Busthanul N
Published: November 2021

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas), as a well-known plant and widely cultivated by farmers in South Sulawesi, if it is intercropped with satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. Antiquorum) as a staple crop should be suspected of being able to be a ‘safety’ crop when there is a failure in taro plant—due to the relatively new and un-well-known plant. The study was aimed to know the productivity and economic value of sweet potato planted as an intercropped on the staple crop satoimo taro plantation with several levels of compost. The study used a randomized complete block design with four levels of manure compost, namely 400 grams, 800 grams, and 1200 grams per staple plant, which put into and mixed evenly in the plant hole, and 1200 grams per staple plant which mixed evenly in the beds, and three blocks. Sweet potatoes were planted between staple plants satoimo that arranged 20 plants in a bed of 500 cm x 110 cm in two rows. The parameters observed were yields of tuber per plant, size of tuber, number of tubers, and dry weight of tops. The results showed that there is no level of compost affected significantly. However, both of the levels of 1200 grams of compost which is filled into the plant hole, and 1200 grams of compost mixed in the beds tended to be higher than the others in tuber productivity. By economic valuations, the RC-ratio and RC-ratio indicated that planting intercropped sweet potato are beneficially in all levels and increased after the levels of compost. Cultivating sweet potato intercropped in the two kinds application of 1200 grams levels in the taro plantation is more recommended.
The gap analysis between perception and expectation of visitor in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park
Authors: Asrianny  , Soekmadi Rinekso , Arifin Hadi Susilo , Darusman Dudung , Budiarto Rahmat
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to analyze the gap between visitors’ perception and expectation for better development of ecotourism potential in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park (BBNP). The gap analysis approach used a descriptive survey to 200 respondents selected by non-probability sampling in November 2018. Several ecotourism potentials assessed were accessibility, accommodation, cultural attractions, public facilities, human resources, information and natural attractions. The result showed that there is a higher expectation rather than perception of visitor in BBNP. The highest gap value was found in public facility [-1.71], while the lowest gap value was found in accessibility [-0.97]. Thus, public facility should be prioritized to develop in order to meet the visitor s’ expectation. In term of public facility, the highest gap value was found in communication facilities (telephone, fax, internet), while the lowest gap value was found in garbage dump and clean water availability. Therefore, the top priority to improve was the quality and quantity of communication facilities (telephone, fax, internet).
Termites (Insecta: Isoptera) diversity in forest conseccion areas of PT Inhutani I, Indonesia
Authors: Arif A , Muin M , Putri G , Hidayah MT
Published: November 2021

Termites as wood biodeterioration agents have an important role in the ecosystem. This study aimed to observe termite diversity. A termites survey was conducted on Forest Concession Areas of PT. Inhutani I, South Sulawesi Indonesia. The termite specimens collected used the standardized transect sampling protocols at three different sites (forest with mixed vegetation, Pinus merkusii plantation, and logged-over area; and measurement of nine morphological characters of the soldier was conducted, i.e: head length without mandibles, head width at base of mandible, maximum width of head, left mandible length, pronotum length, maximum width of pronotum, postmentum length, postmentum width of postmentum, and the number of antenna segments. The results showed that there are four species found based on the morphological characteristics and morphometrical data, namely: Odontotermes javanicus., Nasutitermes sp., Schedorhinotermes sp. and Coptotermes curvignathus. The highest termite abundance was found in forest with mixed vegetation. The termite diversity in logged-over area and forest with mixed areas was moderate, while species diversity in pine plantation was low.
Evaluation of work plan implementation of community forest management business license case study in Karya Lestari farmers group, Sibaganding Village, Girsang Sipangan Bolon Sub-district, Simalungun Regency
Authors: Sitanggang Rio Frenky , Rahmawaty  , Zaitunah A
Published: November 2021

One of the Social Forestry schemes is the Community Forest (CF) which aims to empower communities around forest areas. CF Management Business Permits are given to the community through Farmers Groups and are obliged to make a Business Work Plan for a period of 10 years and an Annual Work Plan. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the implementation of the Annual Work Plan for Community Forest management in the Karya Lestari Farmer’s Group, Sibaganding Village, Girsang Sipangan Bolon District, Simalungun Regency, based on technical, socio-economic and institutional aspects. The research was carried out between October 2020 and January 2021. The data used are primary and secondary data with the method of taking the object of research by census. Data were analyzed using reduction method, presentation, verification and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of the Annual Work Plan in 2019 FG Karya Lestari was in 4 activities (14.29 %) and 24 activities (85.71 %). The four activities can be carried out because of the assistance from the local Forest Management Unit, the activities do not require funds and can be carried out in mutual cooperation. The cause of the other activities has not been carried out due to inadequate facilities and infrastructure, lack of funds and low human resources.
The effectiveness of portable honey thickner machine to improve the quality of Trigona incisa honey
Authors: Budiaman  , Gautama Iswara , Baharuddin  , Herawati Yeyen
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a portable honey thickener machine on several qualities of Trigona incisa bee honey. The research was conducted in Tamalanrea, Makassar City, South Sulawesi, and the process of testing the quality of honey was carried out at the Makassar Health Laboratory Center and PT. SUCOFINDO Makassar. The data analysis used is quantitative by calculating each of the observed variables, then the data obtained from each variable is compared with the SNI Standard 01-3545:2013. The variables observed in this study were Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), water content, reducing sugars (glucose and fructose), Sucrose, Acidity (ml NaOH 1 N/kg), water insoluble solids, and ash content. The results showed that the portable honey thickener machine was very effective in improving the quality of Trigona incisa honey after being added to the portable honey thickener machine when compared to SNI 2018, but when compared with the SNI 01-3545-2013 standard, some of the honey quality variables did not meet the standards. Honey quality standards are water content, reducing sugars (Glucose and Fructose), acidity, insoluble solids in water, and ash content, while those that meet SNI Standard 01-3545-2013 are reducing sugars Glucose and Sucrose.
Taxonomic composition of bacterioplankton of large freshwater lakes of the Yeravninskaya depression
Authors: Dagurova O P , Kozyreva L P , Zaitseva S V , Tsydenova B V , Buryukhaev S P , Barkhutova D D
Published: November 2021

Bacterioplankton community taxonomic composition of four large freshwater lakes of the Yeravninskaya depression (Bolshoye Yeravnoye, Gunda, Isinga, and Sosnovoye) which have great fishery significance for the region has been studied. The microbial community consists in the main of bacterial phyla Gammaproteobacteria (22-74%), Actinobacteria (4-35%), Firmicutes (1.17-34.6%), Bacteroidetes (0.3-7%), Cyanobacteria (0.9-6.5%) and Planctomycetes (1.5-10.5%). Total dissolved solids and sulphates accounted for 57% of the variation in the microbial community distribution. At the genus level, Acinetobacter dominated (average 21.4-25.2%). Pseudomonas, Exiguobacterium, and Massilia were also widespread. Their predominance may indicate a possible change in the structure of the community caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. In lakes Isinga and Gunda, a large number of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella was observed, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were detected. These features indicate insufficient water quality as a result of anthropogenic impact.
Freshwater microbial taxa as indicators of anthropogenic impact on the freshwater lakes of Buryatia
Authors: Zaitseva S V , Dagurova O P
Published: November 2021

Three large freshwater lakes located in the Baikal region (Gusinoye, Shchuchye, and Kotokel) with high touristic significance were studied. Increased anthropogenic pressure is one of the most important causes of water quality deterioration (in particular, high solute and nutrient loads, high productivity). The structural features of microbial communities associated with an increased anthropogenic load have been revealed in different environmental gradients. It was shown that the genera Rhodobacter, Polynucleobacter, and Luteolibacter preferred environments with a higher trophic level and are indicators of possible anthropogenic impact.
Bioactive compounds and molecular diversity of endophytic actinobacteria isolated from desert plants
Authors: Natsagdorj Oyunbileg , Bekh-Ochir Davaapurev , Baljinova Tsetseg , Iizaka Yohei , Fukumoto Atsushi , Kato Fumio , Anzai Yojiro , Javzan Batkhuu
Published: November 2021

With the aim to find endophytic actinomycetes that synthesize bioactive compounds over 800 strains were isolated from 53 desert plants of the Gobi-Sumber, Umnugobi, Dundgobi, Dornogobi, Bayankhongor, and Gobi-Altai provinces of Mongolia. The HPLC study of strains with high anti-quorum sensing and antibacterial activities revealed that they produced flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Molecular diversity evaluated with 16S rRNA gene sequences of 123 strains showed that they belonged to 12 genera: Streptomyces, Promicromonospora, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium, Kribbella, Pseudonocardia, Nocardia, Micromonospora, Saccharothrix, Friedmanniella, Actinocatenispora, and Geodermatophilus, the latter two genera were registered in Mongolia for the first time. Moreover, the genus Actinocatenispora was isolated from plants for the first time.
Leukocyte composition of pronephros of Leocottus kesslerii infected with hemoflagellates of the genus Trypanosoma (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatida)
Authors: Mazur O E
Published: November 2021

This study determined for the first time the changes in leukocyte composition of the pronephros (head kidney) of sand sculpin Leocottus kesslerii, (Sideleva, 2001) (Lake Gusinoye, Lake Baikal basin, Eastern Siberia, Russia), infected and uninfected with hemoflaggellates of the genus Trypanosoma. The results indicated that the trypanosomes modulated the development of the immune response of their host (suppression of B cell immunity and granulocytic reactions, activation of the leucopoiesis and monocytopoiesis). Selective suppression of immune response in host with trypanosomes promotes the survival and development of parasites.
Structural transformations of ground beetle meadow communities in the Northeastern Baikal region because of post-anthropogenic successions
Authors: Ananina T L , Ananin A A
Published: November 2021

Ground beetles are sensitive to environmental changes. We analysed the consequences of haymaking and cattle grazing on communities of meadow ground beetles in Barguzin State Reserve. We assessed community structures during 12 years of the anthropogenic disturbance and after its cessation. The number of categories, types, and variants increased. A decrease in species diversity, a rearrangement of the composition of dominant species, an increase in the relative abundance and share of participation of dominants in the carabid community observed. Of nine dominant species of ground beetles six showed increase of the population number, while others were stable.
Species of Orthosia Ochsenheimer, 1816 and Anorthoa Berio, 1980 genera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Western Transbaikalia
Authors: Gordeev S Yu , Gordeeva T V
Published: November 2021

We report for the first-time occurrence of three species from the genusOrthosia–O. ariunaHrebl.,O. askoldensisStgr.;O. ellaButl., and a speciesAnorthoa mundaDen. et Schiff on the territory of Western Transbaikalia. The faunas of these spring species are similar between Western and Eastern Transbaikalia (70%) and close to the fauna of the Far East (50%).
Hunting behaviour in arvicoline rodents
Authors: Novikovskaya A , Kizilova E , Levenets J , Panteleeva S , Lopatina N , Litvinov Y , Reznikova Z
Published: November 2021

In laboratory experiments, purposeful predatory inter-relations with moving insects have been revealed and described in three species of herbivorous voles: the East European vole, the narrow-headed vole, and the Tuva silver vole. The appearance of the full hunting stereotype in these species does not require preliminary experience, which indicates its innate nature. The hunting behaviour of the Tuva silver vole differed from that of the East European vole and narrow-headed vole, which probably reflects the phylogenetic relationships between these species.
Radiophysical methods for modelling frozen soils dielectric permittivity in the southern Vitim plateau (Eastern Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Basanov B V , Badmaev N B , Bazarov A V , Kulikov A I
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of applying the radiophysical method for modelling the dielectric permittivity on the example of Haplic Chernozem Molliglossic soils in the south of the Vitim plateau, depending on VHF and UHF wavelengths, temperature, and soil moisture. Depending on the heterogeneity of moisture reserves and heat content, the soil is considered as a three-layer medium with different soil characteristics. A difference in the frequency dispersion of the complex dielectric permittivity over the entire soil profile in the VHF and UHF ranges has been established.
On frozen chernozem genesis and evolution at lacustrine plains in the southern Vitim plateau (Eastern Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Gyninova A , Badmaev N , Andreeva D , Zech W , Syrenzhapova A
Published: November 2021

To clarify the probable role of the stage of the post-lake soil in the evolution of clay-illuvial frozen chernozem the studies were carried out in the southern Vitim plateau of Transbaikalia. The research covers soils in the area of ancient currently dried lakes and the lakeside plain of the Yeravninskaya depression. The obtained data evidence the dissimilarity of parent rocks, as well as radical differences in the soils’ characteristics and properties.
Dynamics of changes in thawing and freezing depth in soils of Western Transbaikalia in different types of permafrost distribution
Authors: Gonchikov B-M N , Badmaev N B , Bazarov A V , Kulikov A I , Mangataev A Ts
Published: November 2021

This study reveals temperature regimes of the three contrasting ecosystems in the permafrost area of Western Transbaikalia: meadow-forest ecosystem, forest-steppe and dry-steppe. Annual profile temperature data show the functioning of the studied soils in cryogenic and long-term-seasonally-freezing temperature regime. The most explanatory temperature variables are temperature penetration above 5°C at 100 cm depth and the amount of days with temperature above 0.5°C and 10°C at 20 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm depths. Also, this work presents a comparative analysis of indicators of soil climate change and shows the spatial-temporal distribution of the reaction of the thawing and freezing depth in soils.
Natural and anthropogenic risks after a giant landslide in the Russian Far East
Authors: Kondratyeva L M , Litvinenko Z N , Golubeva E M , Andreeva D V
Published: November 2021

At the Bureiskoe Reservoir (Far East, Russia) in December 2018 at a temperature of 36°C below zero the giant landslide is occurred. Landslide with a total volume of 24.5 million m3 blocked the reservoir from one shore to the opposite one, disrupting the access of water to a large hydroelectric power station downstream. Blasting operations were carried out with the use of trinitrotoluene and hexogen to revive the water flow. As a result of the landslide natural hazards (direct impact of the landslide, and tsunami) were happened, and the further strong impact was caused by humans (blasting). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and elemental composition were accepted as the main indicators of water quality. Parameters of these indicators varied at different near-shore sites above and below the landslide area. More significant changes are recorded after blasting operations. Hexane and toluene dominated the water passing the artificial channel. The genesis of VOCs can be associated with the biogeochemical processes of methanogenesis, methanotrophy, and the detonation products of explosives. Mercury, methanol, toluene, and xylenes in water samples were detected. This is evidence of the presence of a prerequisite for the formation of toxic methylmercury, a risk factor for aquatic biota.
The study of plants and embryozem soils on the technogenic dumps aimed to the improvement of the monitoring and remediation in industrial zones
Authors: Tupikova G S , Shergina O V , Egorova I N , Tupitsyna Yu S
Published: November 2021

In the soil cover of technogenic territories (Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk Region, Eastern Siberia, Russia) the initial, organo-accumulative, soddy, and humus-accumulative embryozems were identified. The period of soil formation was established: from 20 years (organo-accumulative) to 40 years (humus-accumulative embryozems). The relationship between regenerative successions of vegetation and stages of the soil-forming process was found. Each stage of post-technogenic soil formation (type of embryozem) corresponds to a certain type of plant communities possessing a clear discrepancy in the species composition. The first stage is represented by plant communities comprising few ruderal species on the initial embryozem. The more advanced stage is characterized by complex communities consisting of grasses, shrubs, and trees on the humus-accumulative soil. It has been shown that the humus content determines the degree of natural restoration of biocenotic functions in the post-technogenic ecosystem. Plants-concentrators that can be effectively used in phytoextraction of metals for decontamination of embryozems have been studied. Natural renewal of vegetation and the development of soil-forming processes serve as the best option for the rational use of nature management in comparison with the artificial restoration of natural landscapes in technogenic territories.
Assessment of regulating ecosystem functions/services of the urban forests in the Angara region (Eastern Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Shergina O V , Mikhailova T A , Mironova A S
Published: November 2021

The studies of urban forests were carried out on the territory of the Angara region in cities with a high air pollution index (up to 20) and with a high recreational load. The state of forest biogeocenoses was assessed by the parameters of trees, forest litter, and soil. Morphostructural, physicochemical, biochemical, and toxicological indicators were analysed. It was found that the selected biogeochemical parameters of trees and soils have a high level of correlation relationships under conditions of negative anthropogenic impact. The biogeochemical redistribution of technogenic pollutants in urban forests connects with the accumulating capacity of the soil cover and the regulatory function of trees, namely the ability to purify atmospheric air by accumulating toxicants in the needles and leaves. Regulatory function/service of pollutant absorption and air purification depends not only on the condition of urban forests, it is unequal for forests of different cities and, even more, for different forested territories.