bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chatbot in the Service Industry: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Haoyuan
Published: July 2023

The chatbot is a software application that could initiate and participate in a meaningful conversation with a live human being agent. With proper algorithms and sufficient training, a chatbot could comprehend inquiries and replies in a way that mimics human response. The chatbot allows companies to operate at a low cost and provides more efficient and professional customer service. This article aims to provide a symmetrical overview of chatbot building and comments on frequently used models and mainly focuses on the models that researchers utilize to build chatbots. The models are separately discussed in terms of query understanding and response generation, and the knowledge base, evaluation, and optimization methods are also included. Chatbots building is a combination of Natural Language processes (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML), and there is a trend shifting from rule-based to more complex models involving Neural Networks.
Theory Introduction and Application Analysis of DDPM
Authors: Li Yunchuan
Published: July 2023

The study on DDPM demonstrates that it has potential for image generation, but its limitations must be addressed. The slow sampling speed remains a significant issue, as it limits the model's applicability in real-time settings. The authors' implementation of the DPM-solver sampler represents an important step towards addressing this problem. The results indicate that using the DPM-solver can greatly improve the sampling speed without sacrificing too much quality in the generated samples. The authors also explore some specific applications of DDPM, providing further insights into its capabilities and limitations. For instance, the study demonstrates that DDPM can be used for image inpainting and super-resolution tasks, enabling applications like image restoration and upscaling. However, the study also reveals that DDPM may struggle to generate high-quality images on some datasets or for specific tasks, indicating that there is still much room for improvement. Overall, the study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of DDPM and presents a promising direction for future research in diffusion models. The improved sampling speed achieved through the DPM-solver sampler could open up new possibilities for utilizing DDPM in real-world applications.
The Study of Performance for Cross-Platform Spam Filtering Based on the Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Ma Zhengchi , Ouyang Ruoyu , Wang Hanzhang
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the Random Forest algorithm in spam detection when generalized from email spam to social media comment spam. The dataset used involved the use of two sources: an email dataset and a YouTube spam comment dataset. Text processing techniques and feature extraction methods were applied to preprocess the datasets using scikit-learn package. Labels were mapped from "spam" and "ham" to "1" and "0" respectively for training and testing the model. The email spam dataset was split into training and testing datasets, and the first 3000 lines were used for training the model. The generalization ability of the model was tested on the YouTube spam comment dataset. Multiple decision trees were created using the Random Forest algorithm and were trained on different subsets of the training data. The results indicated that the accuracy rate of the prediction on the YouTube spam comment dataset was only around 62%, which is comparatively low. This suggests that the Random Forest algorithm, when used for spam detection, may not have good enough generalization ability to be applied in practice. Additionally, as the number of trees increased, the maximum accuracy decreased, indicating the possibility of overfitting. Although the accuracy of the models was modest, possible improvements could be made to the pre-processing of the data so that the features extracted from the text can have greater conformity with social media spams. In conclusion, further work is needed before the model can be used in generalized situations.
Research On Intelligent Classification Trash Can Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Chun Zhuangzhao , Wen Luopei , Yu Xiongxiao
Published: July 2023

At present, there are still many difficulties in advancing garbage classification in China. This passage simulates human eyes by camera, core processor simulates human brain, complete human motion by mechanical design, and realizes intelligent garbage bin classification based on machine vision: AI vision module takes K210 as the core processor; The electronic module uses STM32 as the core chip and the mechanical module to realize two main structures: stepper motor - turntable and servo - connecting rod, which can transport the identified garbage and put it into the corresponding trash can. After testing, the identification accuracy of harmful garbage is as high as 99%, and the accuracy of the other three types of garbage is 93.18%, which can effectively identify the types of garbage and realize automatic garbage classification.
A Method for Training-free Person Image Picture Generation
Authors: Chen Tianyu
Published: July 2023

The current state-of-the-art Diffusion model has demonstrated excellent results in generating images. However, the images are monotonous and are mostly the result of the distribution of images of people in the training set, making it challenging to generate multiple images for a fixed number of individuals. This problem can often only be solved by fine-tuning the training of the model. This means that each individual/animated character image must be trained if it is to be drawn, and the hardware and cost of this training is often beyond the reach of the average user, who accounts for the largest number of people. To solve this problem, the Character Image Feature Encoder model proposed in this paper enables the user to use the process by simply providing a picture of the character to make the image of the character in the generated image match the expectation. In addition, various details can be adjusted during the process using prompts. Unlike traditional Image-to-Image models, the Character Image Feature Encoder extracts only the relevant image features, rather than information about the model's composition or movements. In addition, the Character Image Feature Encoder can be adapted to different models after training. The proposed model can be conveniently incorporated into the Stable Diffusion generation process without modifying the model's ontology or used in combination with Stable Diffusion as a joint model.
Mushroom Poisonous Prediction Based on the Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Sun Jian
Published: July 2023

Mushroom poisoning is a critical food safety issue that poses a significant threat to public health. In China alone, in 2022, there were 1332 reported cases of mushroom poisoning, leading to 28 deaths. With the existence of numerous toxic mushroom species that can cause fatal consequences, it is crucial to develop a reliable model for predicting mushroom toxicity. In this study, a logistic regression model was developed using a dataset consisting of over 60,000 records with 20 different variables. The model was constructed using the Python programming language and the Scikit-learn package. Logistic regression is a binary classification algorithm that uses a sigmoid function to transform its results into probability values. It relies on relationships between variables to predict a value and subsequently converts it to either a positive or negative outcome, corresponding to two classes. The results of this study indicated that the developed model achieved 100% prediction accuracy with the use of 2000 or more records in the dataset. Therefore, the proposed logistic regression model presents a promising tool for accurately predicting mushroom toxicity and mitigating the risks associated with mushroom poisoning. Further research could focus on expanding the dataset to include additional variables, such as environmental and geographical factors, to improve the model's accuracy and applicability.
Research and Application Progress of Boron-doped Diamond Films
Authors: Hou Guangqiang , Ye Jingyan , Han Jiaxing , Han Zhenghang , Yu Xiang
Published: July 2023

Thanks to its unique structure, diamond has many excellent properties, such as high hardness, low birefringence, high thermal conductivity, good chemical stability, etc., but pure diamond has extremely high resistivity (up to 1012 Ω∙m ), which is an insulator, so it is usually doped to expand the application of diamond in the electrochemical field. B atoms have a very small radius, which is an ideal material for doping diamond, and B-doped diamond has good electrical conductivity. In this paper, on the basis of introducing the phase composition and structure of boron-doped diamond (BDD) film, the common methods for preparing BDD film are analyzed, and the application status and prospect of its application in electrochemistry and other fields are summarized.
Classification of ancient glassware based on K-means and decision trees
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Kehan
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the relation between the chemical composition of different types of glass objects was analyzed, and the differences between the chemical compositions were used to classify the glass objects, mainly by K-means, decision tree, and Euclidean distance analysis. For the classification of glass artifacts, this article analyzed the chemical composition of different types of glass artifacts and the changes of chemical composition before and after weathering, and then obtained the differences of chemical composition of different types of glass artifacts to obtain the classification law. The model was tested for reasonableness by giving the classification criteria, and the sensitivity of the model was determined by the change in the number of classification species K.The sensitivity of the model was analyzed by calculating the Euclidean distances between the object and the cluster centers, and the variance of the model by calculating the Euclidean distances between the object and the cluster centers before and after the weathering of the glass objects.
A study on the composition classification of ancient glass products based on factor analysis
Authors: Luo Xin , Hu Ao , Wang Zezheng
Published: July 2023

In the process of ancient Chinese and foreign technology and cultural exchanges, the Silk Road has an important value. Glass artifacts, as goods on the Silk Road, are widely distributed and have important significance for people to reveal the law of social development. In order to study the classification characteristics of high potassium glass and lead-barium glass from the perspective of chemical composition content, and to classify the two kinds of glass into subclasses on this basis, this paper establishes a factor analysis model and applies a factor analysis algorithm to classify the variables by dimensionality reduction; furthermore, the factor rotation is performed on the reduced variable family to further explain what kind of original variables the new variables represent, so as to explain the classification method. Finally, the sensitivity test with the addition of dynamic Gaussian white noise is used to analyze the sensitivity of the model.
Analysis of chemical composition of ancient glass products based on multiple linear regression
Authors: Fang Jiankun , Li Zhaoyang , Cao Shihao
Published: July 2023

During the Silk Road period, glass was introduced to China, and China began to produce ancient glass with Chinese characteristics by absorbing and developing its technology. However, ancient glass products is very vulnerable to weathering in the buried environment, and many components of glass change accordingly during the weathering process. Analyzing the changes of various factors and components of ancient glass before and after weathering is of great significance to the exploration and study of ancient glass. Therefore, this paper obtains the relationship between weathering on the surface of glass artifacts and glass type, decoration and color by establishing a multiple linear regression model, and obtains the statistical law of chemical composition content with and without weathering on the surface of glass samples through data analysis: weathering on the surface of glass artifacts has a strong correlation with glass type and decoration, but a weak correlation with glass color. The predicted chemical composition content before weathering was carried out by the weighted average method, and the prediction table as well as the scatter plot were obtained. From the data, it can be seen that most of the total chemical composition of each predicted sample fluctuated above and below 100%, and the average value of all samples was obtained as 98.05%, which meets the requirement of valid data.
Analysis of glass artifacts based on hierarchical clustering and regression models
Authors: Yun Tao , Chen Bingzhao , Bi Zexin
Published: July 2023

Glass is a valuable evidence of the early friendly trade between China and the Western countries. In this study, the rationality and sensitivity of the developed model were first evaluated by analyzing the definitive and quantitative data of each type of glass artifacts and establishing a model to classify the glass artifact categories into subcategories, as well as categorizing unknown types of glass. Considering the discrete and discontinuous nature of the data, the chi-square test was chosen to investigate the correlation between glass type, decoration and color and surface weathering. Secondly, descriptive statistics of high potassium and lead-barium glass artifacts before and after weathering were conducted to obtain statistical patterns about the chemical composition content, and then the chemical composition content of glass artifacts before weathering was predicted based on the mean rate of change of the chemical composition content of high potassium and lead-barium glass before and after weathering, respectively. Finally, this study further explored the relationship between glass artifacts and the content of each chemical composition using Spearman's correlation coefficient to derive the basis for the classification of glass types, based on the hierarchical clustering method to classify the subclasses of high potassium glass and lead-barium glass with and without weathering, respectively, and used the elbow rule to derive the most appropriate number of subclasses for the above four types of glass, which endowed the model with rationality.
Realization of High-Efficiency Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Based on PEDOT: PSS Doped with Lithium Fluoride
Authors: Chai Luqi
Published: July 2023

The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells with inverted structure depends on the conductivity of the hole transport layer and the charge transport rate to some extent. To further enhance the effect of the hole transport layer, lithium fluoride (LiF) was doped into poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT: PSS) to improve its rate of conductivity and interfacial charge transport. The optimal photoelectric conversion efficiency of LiF-based perovskite solar cells that dope hole transport layer is 20.32% with negligible hysteresis, which is much higher than that of the control group (16.70%). Among all photovoltaic parameters, the improvement of open circuit voltage and fill factor is significant. LiF can not only promote the electrical characteristics of PEDOT: PSS and its hole mobility, but also optimize the quality of the upper perovskite film. Perovskite film shows a crystal orientation more conducive to hole transport on the modified hole transport layer, which obtains a dense and smooth absorption layer film. In this study, PEDOT: PSS-based perovskite solar cells with inverted structure doped with LiF are prepared, which provides a simple and effective method to commercialize perovskite solar cells.
Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) on Hydrogen Storage and Purification
Authors: He Qinnan
Published: July 2023

As a clean energy source, hydrogen shows promise as a potential substitute for non-renewable fossil fuels. However, the challenges with hydrogen include the difficulties in storing it feasibly and separating it from other gases mixed during industrial production. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) refer to crystalline substances that possess a significant porosity and expansive surface area, enabling them to effectively adsorb hydrogen via the van der Waals force. MOFs have been studied for ways to improve their surface area and hydrogen uptake capacities by various modification methods. This review discusses the key strategies for enhancing the hydrogen storage properties of MOFs to achieve the necessary increase in energy supply and the mechanisms behind the purification of hydrogen in practical use. Detailed discussions take place regarding synthesis methods, experimental testing results, and the mechanism behind the enhancement of hydrogen storage for each modification of MOF material discovered. Also, other parameters that may influence MOFs’ hydrogen storage properties are demonstrated, together with the separating mechanism of purifying hydrogen from other gases and isotopes.
Applications of MOFs in Drug Delivery
Authors: Sun Ao
Published: July 2023

The main research focus of this article is the application of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in drug delivery applications. The review primarily concentrates on the methods used for loading drugs into MOFs, their response to stimuli, potential applications, and limitations. The article begins with discussing the limitations of traditional drug delivery systems and introduces MOFs as a potential solution to these limitations. The drug loading strategy section describes the three main methods for loading drugs into MOFs, including their respective benefits and drawbacks. The stimulus response release program section explores various stimuli that can trigger drug release from MOFs, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, and provides examples of how MOFs can respond to these stimuli. The section on application and challenges provides an overview of current studies exploring the potential of MOFs in biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, antibacterial therapy, and anti-inflammatory therapy, while also highlighting the key challenges facing MOFs research, such as biocompatibility and toxicity. Finally, the article concludes by offering prospects for future developments in MOFs research. This review article provides a significant resource for drug delivery researchers and practitioners who wish to investigating the possibility of utilizing MOFs as novel drug delivery vehicles.
Hydrogen Storage Methods, Systems and Materials
Authors: Zhang Linxi
Published: July 2023

With the world energy crisis constantly developing and petrol resources reducing, hydrogen is recovered as an ideal substitute for its excellent characteristics. Despite its abundance, abilities for easy regeneration and less pollution emissions, hydrogen energy has lower energy density in standard conditions, which means hydrogen storage needs lots of space.Among all techniques,hydrogen storage technology is the hottest topic.High efficient hydrogen storage technology is highly wanted for the application in energy storage system.This paper reviews the hydrogen storage technology from varied main principles of hydrogen storage process. It makes concise comparison and analysis mainly on physical hydrogen storage (high pressure,high pressure with low temperature and liquid storage) and absorption storage (physical absorption,chemical absorption). This paper does some research on the main technical features of these two hydrogen storage technologies to find the most economic method. And the comparison shows advantages and disadvantages on each method. Physical hydrogen has weaknesses on high hydrogen storage conditions and poor security, meanwhile, chemical hydrogen storage is weak in the process of dehydrogenation.
Hydrogen Energy Storage and Its Applications
Authors: Yu Yunpeng
Published: July 2023

The combination of electrolysis for hydrogen production, storage, and utilization can be effectively achieved through the use of hydrogen energy storage systems, which are designed for long-distance transportation and storage. This is due to hydrogen being an environmentally friendly energy source. In order to effectively address the current issue of "wind," this article will delve into four facets: electrolysis of hydrogen, storage techniques, fuel cells, and the utilization of hydrogen energy storage. This will enable foster efficient and sophisticated clean energy development and utilization models, and ensure the continual advancement and maturity of hydrogen energy storage. Renewable energy utilization, with its utilization of light waste, is being encouraged to be further developed and utilized. In the context of global carbon neutrality, the energy properties of hydrogen are expected to gradually emerge. As major economies around the world have successively proposed long-term carbon neutrality goals in recent years, it is expected that the energy properties of hydrogen will gradually emerge, and the application fields will gradually expand to power, transportation, construction and other scenarios. In the long run, it is expected to become an excellent form of electric energy storage. Whether in the temporal or spatial dimensions, the power system will be more diverse in the future, and the forms of energy storage will also be more diverse.
Research progress of paclitaxel drug delivery systems
Authors: Han Yijie , Wang Hanyu
Published: July 2023

Paclitaxel (PTX), a tetracyclic diterpenoid compound, is a broad-spectrum and highly effective antitumor drug. However, since it exhibited its complex chemical structure and low solubility, conventional PTX therapies are inefficient and even its solvent is toxic to humans. These drawbacks limited its wide application in cancer treatment. In contrast, PTX nano-delivery system has the advantages of high targeting and stability, which could significantly improve the solubility of PTX in water. The drug loading capacity is greatly increased due to prominent compatibility. By reviewing the relevant literature, this paper introduces several research directions of PTX drug delivery systems and lists the design applications of different nanocarriers in recent years. It also highlights the research progress of prodrugs and provides an outlook on its future directiont.
Light Pollution Impact Risk Measure Model Based on Ahp-Critic Method
Authors: Yu Siyu , Liu Ruohui , Li Jiayi
Published: July 2023

With the intensification of light pollution, the assessment of light pollution risk level has become a focus topic. This paper proposes the LPIRM light pollution risk classification model to solve the problem of difficult accurate assessment of community light pollution risk degree. LPIRM model is divided into DRS and ELPI systems. Considering human and non-human factors, this paper selects 12 indicators to construct the District risk status system (DRS). The External light pollution impact index (ELPI) was constructed considering three main light pollution phenomena. In this paper, AHP-CRITIC method is used to calculate the total value of DRS, and GE matrix is used to calculate the combined value of DRS and ELPI, so as to establish a Light pollution impact risk measure model (LPIRM) that comprehensively considers the internal stability of a community and the influence of external light. Finally, K-means algorithm was used to cluster the calculated results, and risk I-V light pollution risk classification was proposed. According to the classification results, the paper concluded that the risk classification based on LPIRM model has guiding significance for the proposal of subsequent light pollution solution strategies.
Exploring The Effect of Aerobic And Anaerobic Biotechnology Based on Paper Industry Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Huang Ruiqi , Wu Yitong
Published: July 2023

The environmental risks associated with paper mills grow as demand for paper rises. Wastewater technology for paper mills needs to change due to the expected stricter water treatment regulations. This essay will discuss a combination of aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment and examine how technology advancement has improved the environment. This paper analyzes the new technology and concludes that new strains of bacteria can be introduced to break down the organic matter in the primary settling tank. What’s more, a bubble generator was introduced in the SBR tank to increase the reaction contact area. And the adoption of ozone ceramic membrane bonding technology in the realization of solid-liquid separation in a secondary sedimentation tank. Meanwhile, the combined anaerobic and aerobic treatment process has low operating cost, low residual sludge, modifies the hard-to-degrade organic matter and improves the biochemical properties of the wastewater. Considering the impact on the environment, this paper proposes collecting gas for recycling, establishing tertiary treatment system and adding Fenton's reagent. By comparing the traditional papermaking process and the new microbial treatment technology, a new improvement scheme is proposed, which can help improve the economic efficiency, save resources and protect the environment, and can meet the dual requirements of social development and environmental protection.
Impact of Sea-Level Change In Hudson Bay on Local Animals
Authors: Tian Runze
Published: July 2023

The melting of the Laurentian ice cap and subsequent foreshore collapse caused a drop in sea-level in Hudson Bay. This has had a significant impact on the local ecosystem. Strategies are urgently needed to mitigate the effects of sea-level fall and to develop strategies to help native organisms adapt to the changing environment. Potential impacts of sea-level change in Hudson Bay on coastal ecosystems include impacts on native organisms that rely on sea ice for hunting and breeding, thus causing flooding in low-lying areas, which in turn leads to habitat change and fragmentation and rapid environmental change. This range of impacts affects organisms employing K-strategy reproductive strategies as well as changes in local food chains. This paper aims to raise the public's awareness of areas affected by climate change but received little attention, and explores the impacts of sea-level fall on wildlife and possible mitigation measures using Hudson Bay as an example.
Vegetation Growth Monitoring in Jiaozhou Bay Coastal Wetland Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Bu Chunzao , Liu Bingyi
Published: July 2023

Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland, located in the mouth of the Dagu River, is an estuary wetland. In this wetland seawater blends with freshwater. It is a rare type of national wetland, a unique ecosystem on earth. It is of great research value, but there are few articles conducting multi-indicator studies about Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland ecosystem. This paper helps to formulate wetland conservation measures comprehensively through multi-source remote sensing monitoring. Based on NDVI, FVC, LAI, NPP and the spatial distribution changes of land use, this paper is a synthetical exploration of the vegetation growth of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland. The results show that: 1) From 2013 to 2019, NDVI, LAI and NPP indices rose to varying degrees in the coastal wetlands of Jiaozhou Bay. FVC showed a broad downward trend, and its indicators are declining in the north-central region; 2) The major land types are impervious surface and grassland, where the decrease proportion of grassland is the largest, and the increase proportion of impervious surface is the largest in the study area; 3) Analytical results demonstrate that the overall vegetation situation of Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland improved on the whole, but with local deterioration. So, ecological protection measures in the study area have begun to bear fruit.
Urban Expansion and The Microclimate Characteristics Evolution of Lhasa
Authors: Yang Jiayi
Published: July 2023

Urban expansion is the process of growing urban population and expanding land for residential and productive use. Microclimates are small-scale climates with relatively uniform and changeable climatic characteristics. In the context of climate change on the Tibetan Plateau, the microclimate of Lhasa will respond to urban expansion. With the support of landset8 OLI_TIRS data, this study uses the unsupervised classification method ISO-data algorithm to extract information on construction land and calculate the intensity of urban sprawl. In order to analyze and investigate the evolution of urban expansion and microclimate characteristics in Lhasa city from 2014 to 2021, the radiative transfer equation method was chosen to invert the surface temperature and calculate the heat island effect characteristic-related index. The results of the study show that the area of built-up land in Lhasa city increases and the heat island intensity rises during 2014-2021. This study contributes to urban planning in Lhasa and provides a case study of climate change and cities on the Tibetan Plateau.
The Current Status of Hydrogen Energy Industry and Application of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Zhao Mile
Published: July 2023

At present, traditional fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are the main sources of the world's energy supply. With economic development and the expansion of the world population, traditional fossil energy sources are getting depleted and environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, so it is important to find new and alternative clean energy sources to ensure energy security, enhance the natural environment and encourage the modernization and transformation of the energy infrastructure. Hydrogen energy is a type of clean energy with attributes like being clean, highly efficient, having a flexible application form, having a wide range of application scenarios, etc. One of the most important sources of sustainable energy is hydrogen. The transportation sector is a significant user of gasoline on the global energy market. Hydrogen has the potential to be a viable fuel for eco-friendly transportation since it provides energy that is reliable, safe, practical, easy to use, and competitively priced. Meanwhile, as hydrogen-powered vehicles advance quickly, there is an urgent need to improve the construction of hydrogen infrastructure for transportation in order to accommodate the wide application of hydrogen energy in transportation in the future.
GGDP Research Based on Structural Equations And DEA Model
Authors: Fan Haoqi , Ma Chao , Li Yeqing
Published: July 2023

With the advancement of globalization, the climate problem has gradually spread to the world, causing serious effects such as shrinking glaciers. So, we introduced GGDP to calculate economic health to improve the environment. After that, we use fuzzy mathematics to deal with the potential variables affecting climate to obtain a linear relationship between carbon emissions and green resource loss based on a structural equation model. Then we collected data from the World Bank and related data from some countries, and built a Network DEA model based on the traditional data envelopment analysis model. By analyzing data from China, Germany, and Australia, we conclude that using GGDP as a measure does not significantly affect economic strength in the long run, while also protecting the environment. Therefore, expanding GGDP accounting to the whole world has its advantages.
Research of CO2 emissions based on system dynamics model
Authors: Xiong Junling , Huang Chihan
Published: July 2023

In recent years, with the continuous development of China, the economic level has been rapidly developed, and the comprehensive strength has made tremendous progress. However, at the same time, the negative impacts caused by excessive exploitation of natural resources have also followed one after another. The imbalance of the ecosystem has also had a huge negative impact on the national economy, social construction and other aspects. This paper starts with a social survey questionnaire, summarizes the data, analyzes the importance that social citizens attach to ecosystem construction, and proposes effective measures. Then, starting from objective data, several main influencing factors of CO2 emissions were analyzed. The impact of the digital economy on CO2 emissions was simulated and predicted through the construction and analysis of system dynamics models.
Cover for Vol 29
Authors: Cercignani Fausto
Published: July 2023

Studia theodisca, Cover for Vol 29 (2022)
National Philology, Politics and Science. Notes on the birth of Germanistics out of the spirit of the nineteenth century
Authors: Clara Fernando
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on the nationalistic turn that swept across the political and cultural life of nineteenth century Germany by looking into two events that are seldom brought together: the Germanists’ Assembly in Frankfurt, in 1846, and Marx and Engels’ Manifesto of the Communist Party, published just two years later. It explores the tension between nationalism and internationalism that runs through both events and that is still vividly present in our contemporary, after all, not so «Postnational Constellation».
Un malinconico nella commedia gottschediana. «Der Hypochondrist» di Theodor Johann Quistorp
Authors: Pirro Maurizio
Published: July 2023

Theodor Johann Quistorp was among the regular contributors to Gottsched’s Deutsche Schaubühne (1741-1745). In addition to his published works as a playwright, he tried his hand at writing non-fiction, taking a stand against Baumgarten’s theories, and engaging in a heated debate with Georg Friedrich Meier. Quistorp’s comedies are actually based on a conception of the comic effect that is far removed from Gottschedian rationalism. In his Hypochondrist (1745), melancholy and depression are not represented as evil and morally deviant, but as a physiological expression of human nature, which is to be linked to all other aspects of individual identity.
Cover and Introductory Pages
Authors: Cercignani Fausto
Published: July 2023

Studia austriaca, Vol 31 (2023) - Cover and Introductory Pages
Navigating Second Generation Memory and Auto/ biography in Home Video. A Video Collection of Hojda Stojka, Son of Artist and Survivor of the Porajmos Ceija Stojka
Authors: Winter Renée
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates home videos made by Hojda Stojka, the son of Ceija Stojka (1933-2013), artist and survivor of Auschwitz, Ravensbrück, and Bergen-Belsen. Based on a close reading of significant video sequences, a narrative interview with the videographer, and Ceija Stojka’s publications and films, it analyses how the auto/biographical videos relate to the persecution of the parents’ generation. The paper focuses on the importance of spaces like kitchens, cars and stages, on the value assigned to auto/biographical audiovisual recordings, and the recontextualization and integration of photographs and television recordings into the family memory.
Between Nationalist and Cosmopolitan Visions of Fraternity. The Prefigurative Role of the French Revolution in Victor Hugo’s introduction to «Paris guide» (1867) and Robert Hamerling’s «Danton und Robespierre» (1871)
Authors: Rys Michiel
Published: July 2023

This article analyses the ways in which fraternity is imagined in Victor Hugo’s introductory essay to Paris guide (1867) and Danton und Robespierre (1871), by the Austrian poet Robert Hamerling. Both texts use the French Revolution as a pretext to articulate a cosmopolitan vision that has to be understood as a reaction to the political tensions in the prelude to and aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71). By reconstructing how Hugo and Hamerling intervene in a broader debate on the question of nationalism and internationalism, this article sheds more light on how literature was a vehicle for cosmopolitan views.
Analysis of operating speed and power consumption of a gear-driven rotary planting mechanism for a 12-kW six-row self-propelled onion transplanter
Authors: REZA Md Nasim , ALI Mohammod , HABINEZA Eliezel , KABIR Md Sazzadul , KABIR Md Shaha Nur , LIM Seung-Jin , CHOI Il-Su , CHUNG Sun-Ok
Published: July 2023

Aim of study: To determine the optimal working speed of a gear-driven rotary planting mechanism for a self-propelled riding-type onion transplanter in order to choose an adequate forward speed for effective onion (Allium cepa L.) seedling planting.
Area of study: Daejeon, Korea.
Material and methods: The gear-driven rotary planting mechanism was composed of six planting hoppers that received free-falling onion seedlings through the supply mechanism and deposited them into the soil. To determine the optimal working speed for accurate transplantation of the seedlings, mathematical working trajectory modelling of the planting mechanism, virtual simulations, and validation field experiments were carried out.
Main results: According to the model simulation, a forward speed of 0.15 m s-1 of the transplanter and a rotating speed of 60 rpm of the planting mechanism were favourable for seedling uprightness and minimum mulch film damage. For the proposed transplanting mechanism, the free-falling distance was calculated as 0.08 m, and the accuracy for the seedling deposition into the hopper was demonstrated as 97.16% through the validation test. From the field tests, a forward speed of 0.15 m s-1 combined with a transplanting frequency of 60 seedlings min-1 was found to be optimum for obtaining a high seedling uprightness (90o), a low misplant rate (7.66%), a low damage area on mulch film, and low power consumption (36.53 W).
Research highlights: The findings of this research might be helpful in improving the design of the onion transplanting mechanism and accelerating the automation process for seedling transplantation.
Evaluation of Cardiac Profile in CCl4 Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats
Authors: Murtaza Sania , Ahmad Khan Muhammad Khalil
Published: July 2023

The use of consumer and fumigant products like CCl4 has been phased down, leaving only industrial usage. It is extremely harmful to one's health. It's also one of the most toxic substances in vital organs like the lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, and brain. Objective: To evaluate the cardiac profile in CCl4-induced toxicity in albino rats. Methods: The research was conducted at animal home of Department of Zoology, University of Okara. The targeted victims were albino rats. There were two types of groups created: control group and experimental group. The rats were fed 30 percent diluted carbon tetrachloride with normal saline as a control group to see if it had an adverse effect on their cardiac profile. A 12-day trek was used to accomplish this. After 12 days, samples were taken or dissected to assess serum Creatine Kinase (CPK), (CK-MB), and (LDH). The samples were analyzed by a machine called Micro-Lab 300 after they were taken by puncturing the Rats' hearts. Results: Abnormal increased level for Creatine Kinase (CPK) (199.20 ± 1.93) was observed after the administration of CCl4 compared to normal control (71.60 ± 4.04). When CCl4 was injected, the level of CK-MB was abnormally high (34.00 ± 1.21) compared to the normal control (16.00± .84). The level of LDH increased abnormally (291.60 ± 5.01) when CCl4 was given, compared to the normal control (250.20± 2.16). Conclusions: The levels of Creatine Kinase (CPK), CK-MB, and LDH were found to be greater than normal, showing that CCl4 is hazardous to rats cardiac profile.
Evaluation of Post-Operative and Post-Discharge Nausea Vomiting and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Faheem Komal , Zaheer Farhan , Salman Sumbla , Shahab Hassan , Jawaid Bushra , Shakeel Bushra , Hasan Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV)may lead to dehydration, bleeding, wound dehiscence, aspiration pneumonitis, and esophageal rupture. Post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) is acondition occurred during 24-72 hours of discharge. Both conditions have almost the same risk factors. Objective: To determine the frequency of post-operative and post-discharge nausea and vomiting and its associated factors among patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Methods: Total 106 patientsrequiring ambulatory laparoscopic surgery were included. Patient was kept under observation for at least 12 hourstill discharge. Post-discharge time of first incidence of nausea and/or vomiting was recorded. Normality was checked through Shapiro-Wilk test. To compare qualitative variables, chi-square test was used. If following Gaussian distribution, quantitative variables were compared using t-test; otherwise, Mann-Whitney U test was used. Logistic regression was applied to get Odd ratios. P-value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Ketorolac was given to 104(98.1%) patients and only 2(1.9%) received tramadol. The most common complication was excessive bleeding 4(3.8%). Intraoperative opioids were given to 22(20.8%) patients. Post-operative vomiting and nausea among patients were found as 42(39.6%) and 20(18.9%) respectively. Post-discharge nausea and vomiting in patients were found as 14(13.2%) and 6(5.7%) respectively. Conclusions: Highprevalence of PONV and low prevalence of PDNV among patients who underwent ambulatory surgeries were reported. After ambulatory surgery the risk factors for PONV are observed as operation time>1h, female gender, postoperative pain during activitie, and postoperative pain at rest.
RETRACTED: The Relationship between Marital Satisfaction and Psychological Wellbeing in Couples: The Role of Gratitude as a Moderator
Authors: Arzeen Saima , Arzeen Naeema , Muhammad Hayat
Published: July 2023

RETRACTED DUE TO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.
Assessment of Biomedical Waste Management Practices and Paramedical Staff Knowledge and Attitude at Healthcare Facilities in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Assia , Majeed Fatima , Sabir Samia , Imran Muhammad , Fatima Syeda Nida , Shahbaz Mehreen , Saleem Javeria , Shahbaz Ferheen , Tahir Muhammad Navid , Amjad Aaisha
Published: July 2023

Healthcare waste refers different natures of wastes, biological, and non-biological which are useless& do not desired to re-use again. Healthcare (Biomedical) waste can be defined that all waste generates from healthcare settings. Objective: To analyze the awareness, attitudes & Para medical’s work practically related to the management of BMW at Public, Private, DHQ and THQ Hospitals, RHC and BHU of Lahore, Punjab. Methods: The methodology was cross-sectional and consisted on the data (survey based) and talk to the heads of the Institutions, persons concerned with waste (handling and transportation). The data about medical waste management were taken from ten HCFs. Results: The results showed that <50% has knowledge about categories, color coding and different wastes that are not included in Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016. Attitude shows good results. >50% has faulty practice regarding bio medical waste. The findings about the awareness & practice about the management of waste among Intern Nurses and sanitary workers were poor, periodic training and their evaluation is mandatory for better outcome. Total percentage of the knowledge items was 57%. The attitude percentage was 44%. The overall level of practice was considered unsafe because only 9.4% respondent who practice always during waste management. Conclusions: Research revealed the improper practices, irregularities, and shortcomings in the overall system of the WM. The study found inconsistencies during waste management in hospitals are generally because of low amount of financial resources, poor awareness & trainings at the administrative level.
Age-related Increase in Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery
Authors: Ahmed Salman , Tanveer Riffat , Sharfi Masroor , Ali Khahro Adnan , Lakhani Shakir , Khan Asadullah
Published: July 2023

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the common arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) mostly occurs within 2 to 4 days. The advanced age is one of the important risk factors. Objective: To determine the frequency of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) in patients age between 30-65 years who underwent elective CABG Surgery. Methods: One hundred and thirty-seven Adult patients of either sex between age of 30 to 65 years with three vessel coronary artery disease underwent elective CABG surgery were included in our study. It was descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi, from December 2021 to June 2022. Postoperatively daily EKG was performed for the evidence of POAF. Results: One hundred and thirty-seven patients, between age group of 30-65 years among them 115 (84%) were male & 22 (16%) were females with mean age of patients 55.91years were included in our study. Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) was observed in 12.4%, out of whom 76.5% were male while 23.5% were female. The mean day of onset of POAF was 2.38 days. The relationship between increasing age groups and AF was found to be statistically significant i.e. p-value 0.04. There is significant difference between age groups and maximum incidence of POAF were found in above 60 years. Conclusions: In our study frequency of POAF was found in 12.4 %with mean age of participants was found to be 55.91 ± 6.5 years.
 
 
Objective: To determine the frequency of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) in patients age between 30-65 years who underwent elective CABG Surgery.
 
Methodology: One hundred and thirty seven Adult patients of either sex between age of 30 to 65 years with three vessel coronary artery disease underwent elective CABG surgery were included in our study. It was descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi, from December 2021 to June 2022. Postoperatively daily EKG was performed for the evidence of POAF.
 
RESULT: One hundred and thirty seven patients, between age group of 30-65 years among them 115 (84%) were male & 22 (16%) were females with mean age of patients 55.91years were included in our study. Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) was observed in 12.4%, out of whom 76.5% were male while 23.5% were female. The mean day of onset of POAF was 2.38 days. The relationship between increasing age groups and AF was found to be statistically significant i.e. p-value 0.04. There is significant difference between age groups and maximum incidence of POAF were found in above 60 years.
 
CONCLUSION:  In our study frequency of POAF was found in 12.4 %with mean age of participants was found to be 55.91 + 6.5 years.
Exploring Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care and its Association with Gender at Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi
Authors: Rashad Saqib ur , Bibi Afsha , Ahmad Ashfaq , Ahmed Tufail , Arshad Zakiya , Ali Yasir , Ahamd Hussain , Khaliq Fazal , Mehboob Ali Farzana
Published: July 2023

Patient satisfaction is critical to healthcare quality and significantly impacts patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. Objectives: To explore patient satisfaction with nursing care and its association with gender at a tertiary care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional Analytical study was conducted at a tertiary care Hospital in Karachi from September 2022 to December 2022. Sixty participants were recruited through a convenient sampling technique from the medical ward. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire which was reliable. Results: The study found that out of the 60 participants, 3% had a low level of satisfaction, 50% had a moderate level, and 47% had a high level of satisfaction regarding nursing care. Moreover, the study revealed no evidence of an association between gender and level of satisfaction. Conclusions: Based on the findings majority of the participants had a moderate to high level of satisfaction, with only a small percentage reporting low satisfaction. There was no evidence of a relationship between gender and satisfaction level. However, generalizing these findings to a larger population requires more investigation due to the small sample size.