bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEDICALIZAÇÃO E FRACASSO ESCOLAR: INTRODUÇÃO À CONSTRUÇÃO DO DISCURSO HEGEMÔNICO.
Authors: Lima Wanderson Pereira , Guimarães de Faria Gina Glaydes
Published: March 2019

Fruto de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma discussão de forma crítica sobre o caráter biologicista presente no discurso hegemônico da atualidade (característica própria do positivismo e imediatismo da sociedade capitalista) sobre o fracasso escolar como fruto da desigualdade social, enfatizando seu processo de construção histórico-social baseando-se nos princípios liberais. Sendo destacado que a concepção de fracasso escolar é produzida pela classe burguesa dominante, utilizando-se da mesma como instrumento para a massificação e consolidação da medicalização com o propósito de busca pela “cura” aos supostos distúrbios que são considerados entraves para a concretização do processo de aprendizagem. Conclui-se que para analisar os supostos “distúrbios de aprendizagem” é necessário ressaltar as relações sociais no modo de produção em que o sujeito está inserido, enfatizando as influências histórico-culturais na constituição do mesmo, e que principalmente, esse discurso atual é uma premissa idealizada e construída no decorrer da consolidação do sistema capitalista.
A ESCUTA DO SOFRIMENTO DE SUJEITOS MARGINALIZADOS ATRAVÉS DO PLANTÃO PSICOLÓGICO: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Vieira Érico Douglas
Published: March 2019

Este artigo busca relatar a experiência de um projeto de extensão que se insere na preocupação com a questão da desigualdade social brasileira. Atendimentos psicológicos do tipo Plantão Psicológico são oferecidos para sujeitos marginalizados. Este projeto de extensão possui um questionamento sobre as estratégias clínicas necessárias para guiar o psicólogo no contato com tipos de sofrimento frutos de desigualdades e exclusão social. O relato se divide em três grandes temas: (1) Os tipos de procura pelo plantão, (2) Os fatores facilitadores dos atendimentos e (3) Dificuldades e bloqueios enfrentados durante as escutas clínicas. Constatou-se a complexidade do fazer clínico que convoca o terapeuta a estar presente com seu corpo e seus afetos no encontro com o imprevisível que a alteridade traz.Na prática clínica com sujeitos marginalizados é fundamental a instauração de um campo afetivo em que eles se sintam percebidos com pessoas dignas e que recebam reconhecimento por suas habilidades, por suas histórias e pelas suas potências. Talvez outros conceitos sobre clínica psicológica possam ser construídos para a elaboração de novos fatores terapêuticos diferentes dos fatores herdados da psicoterapia processual, exercida com segmentos sociais que estão menos expostos à situações de humilhação e discriminação.
A LÍNGUA DE MH E AS RELAÇÕES INTERATIVAS DE ACORDO COM A ECOLOGIA DA INTERAÇÃO COMUNICATIVA
Authors: Da Silva Cleber Cezar
Published: March 2019

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a interação comunicativa de MH, uma ouvinte, que por problemas de saúde faz uso de uma língua mista, fundamental para educação, pois é através da linguagem que o indivíduo se relaciona como mundo e interioriza o mundo. O recorte teórico que dá sustento a nossa pesquisa é a Ecolinguística, mais precisamente a Ecologia da Interação Comunicativa. No decorrer fazemos uma breve discussão de língua de acordo com a visão da Ecolinguística. O método da pesquisa é um estudo de caso, numa abordagem qualitativa a vista da análise linguística. Por fim, observamos que MH, faz uso de uma língua mista (oralizada e gestual), que faz referência com o ambiente em que a mesma está inserida, desta forma, ela cumpre com algumas regras interacionais e estabelece relações com uso das regras sistêmicas. Desta forma, é perceptível o processo de interação entre membros usuários de uma língua mista e os da língua convencional da sociedade/comunidade que ambos estão inseridos.
MAPEAMENTO BIBLIOGRÁFICO DA INCLUSÃO DE DEFICIENTES VISUAIS NA APRENDIZAGEM DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Conceição Paulo Sergio De Oliveira , Santos Carla Lima , Field´s Karla Amâncio Pinto , Oliveira Ana Maria Libório
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo divulgar os resultados parciais sobre a pesquisa do Programa de Iniciação Científica PIBIC/CNPQ que tem como um dos objetivos específicos mapear os artigos publicados sobre educação matemática de deficientes visuais. A metodologia consistiu em analisar as edições das principais revistas de educação matemática, bem como a Revista Brasileira para Cegos, no período de 2000 a agosto/2018. Foram encontrados e selecionados vinte e oito artigos, entre eles, relatos de experiência e entrevistas. Os resultados apontam que o maior número de publicação é da Revista Benjamim Constant, revista destinada ao público deficiente visual. Nas outras revistas a quantidade de artigos publicados é bem restrito, o que evidencia que o tema é pouco explorado, sendo necessário intensificar as pesquisas nessa área. Uma proposta para se reverter esse quadro é incluir projetos de pesquisa na área de inclusão nos cursos de licenciatura, pois é necessário que alunos deficientes visuais sejam incluídos na rede regular de ensino e que tenham uma educação de qualidade, uma vez que é de direito tais condições.
O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA LOCAL COMO ESTRATÉGIA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Assis Tauã Carvalho de , Pinto Suely Lima de Assis
Published: March 2019

Este artigo evidencia e problematiza a necessidade e as dificuldades pedagógicas inerentes ao ensino de história local. Para além da defesa dos conteúdos acerca do local, defende-se o ensino da história local enquanto estratégia pedagógica para a formação da consciência histórica no ensino fundamental. Assim, discute-se a demandas curriculares por esse ensino relativo às questões históricas do local, a conceituação de história local, e as dificuldades encontradas para a concretização dessa proposta pedagógica.
GERAÇÃO DISTRIBUÍDA POR MEIO DE ENERGIA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES/RJ: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM RESIDÊNCIA UNIFAMILIAR
Authors: Rosa Mendes Luiz Fernando , Moreira Peixoto Pereira Helisa , Campos Teixeira Paula , Silva Sthel Marcelo
Published: March 2019

O trabalho busca analisar o uso da geração distribuída (GD) por energia solar fotovoltaica (ESFV) por meio de estudo de caso de uma residência unifamiliar situada no perímetro urbano da cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. O estudo foi dividido em três etapas: pesquisado o potencial de ESFV na posição geográfica com latitude - 21º45’ Sul e longitude de - 41º20’ Oeste utilizando a ferramenta Global Solar Atlas; levantamento dos sistemas de ESFV conectados à rede instalados na cidade; e pesquisa de campo com aplicação de questionário aos proprietários do imóvel em analise. Mediante isso, confirmou-se um bom potencial para geração de ESFV, no entanto é ínfimo o número de sistemas instalados neste município. O estudo de caso nesta residência mostrou que foi possível reduzir o uso da energia elétrica da rede convencional no ano 2016 em 85%. Assim, os proprietários estão diminuindo a demanda por eletricidade da rede elétrica convencional, rede esta que provêm de fontes predominantemente hidrotérmicas.
ANÁLISE DO POTENCIAL TEÓRICO DA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA A PARTIR DO BIOGÁS NO ATERRO SANITÁRIO DE VARGINHA
Authors: Barrak Erika
Published: March 2019

As cidades brasileiras enfrentam hoje problemas com o destino final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, que ainda são despejados em grandes quantidades em lixões sem nenhum tipo de tratamento. Na busca por novas alternativas para geração de energia, os resíduos sólidos urbanos têm sido amplamente utilizados nos tratamentos térmicos e biológicos. Nos aterros sanitários o uso do biogás na geração de energia elétrica se tornou uma maneira sustentável de se aproveitar energeticamente os resíduos sólidos e que ainda tem como vantagem a redução nas emissões dos gases de efeito estufa, como por exemplo, o metano. Neste contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o possível potencial do uso do biogás para geração de energia elétrica no aterro sanitário na cidade de Varginha, que hoje não aproveita o biogás para gerar energia. O projeto apresenta viabilidade econômica somente se forem comercializados créditos de carbono e se o valor pago pela energia elétrica não variar significativamente.
ANÁLISE DO REGIME EÓLICO VISANDO A GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA PARA FINS AGRÍCOLAS NA CIDADE DE IPORÁ, GOIÁS, BRASIL
Authors: Ferreira Uéliton Sousa , Grah Ponciano Vanessa De Fátima , Ponciano Isaac De Matos
Published: March 2019

Com o crescimento na demanda por energia elétrica, a geração eólica vem ganhando espaço na matriz energética do Brasil, por ser uma energia limpa e de fonte inesgotável, fonte esta, em que o Brasil apresenta alto potencial para a produção de energia em diversas regiões do país. Os dados de velocidade do vento foram obtidos por meio do Posto Meteorológico do INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia), instalado na Fazenda Escola do Instituto Federal Goiano, Iporá, Goiás, Brasil. A velocidade do vento foi medida com um anemômetro, instalado a dez metros de altura do solo, com registros entre os anos de 2014/2015. A variabilidade da velocidade do vento foi representada pela distribuição de frequência de Weibull, uma função de densidade de probabilidade de dois parâmetros (k e c). Foram utilizados os parâmetros k e c para correlacionar a função Gama com a velocidade do vento média anual, com a variância e com a densidade de potência média. Foi realizado um perfil de velocidade do vento para avaliar o comportamento da velocidade média histórica a partir da altura medida, para estimar o ganho de densidade de potência. Os valores de k, para todas as alturas, foram próximos de 1 o que corresponde a um regime de vento altamente variável, e os valores de c também foram baixos, representando uma baixa velocidade medida vento para o local. O local foi caracterizado como não sendo favorável para a aplicação de turbinas eólicas de pequena escala para geração de energia.
ROTAS TECNOLÓGICAS EMPREGADAS NO APROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DA INDÚSTRIA DA SOJA
Authors: Colen Aymara G. N. , Silva Fabrício Machado , Pedroza Marcelo Mendes , De Oliveira Luciana Rezende Alves , Do Amaral Pedro Henrique Borges
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do potencial de aproveitamento de resíduos proveniente da agroindústria da soja por meio de diversosprocessos tecnológicos. O estudo apresenta as características fitofisionômicas, agrícolas e químicas da soja bem como uma análise minuciosa de suas atividades de produção, industrialização e consumo, de acordo com regiões e unidades federativas brasileiras. São apresentadas durante a revisão as operações unitárias do processo produtivo da agroindústria da soja. Esse trabalho também apresenta o potencial de aproveitamento da casca da soja por meio de rotas tecnológicas, buscando assim a redução da disposição dos resíduos sólidos industriais e agregando valor a essa importante cadeia produtiva.
Fostering Freedom: Troubling Relevance and Individualism
Authors: Richerme Lauren Kapalka
Published: March 2019

While most music educators likely value some form of “freedom,” historical events demonstrate that without attention to what constitutes freedom, the rhetoric of freedom can subsume practices that are anything but freeing. The purpose of this philosophical inquiry is to investigate the nature of freedom and to use freedom as a lens for analyzing contemporary music education discourse and practice. Drawing on the work of Greene (1988) and Zerilli (2005), I distinguish between freedom from and freedom to and explain freedom as the responsible, situation-specific action of becoming. Troubling discourse that treats relevant musical practices as ends in themselves, I offer that freedom involves teachers and students engaging with relevant obstacles. Additionally, I problematize solo and small group musical endeavors that encourage individualism and disconnect students from divergent perspectives. Musical freedom necessitates enacting responsible expressions attentive to the pluralistic community at hand; it also demands that participants exhibit the responsibility of taking one another’s musical speech seriously. Rather than conceiving of freedom as something that we let ring, music educators and students might emphasize ringing freedom together.
A Blind Spot in Political Theory: Justice, Deliberation, and Animals
Authors: Hannan Jason
Published: March 2019

This article examines the thought of two prominent political theorists: John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas. Both Rawls and Habermas take deliberation to be central to the theory of justice. In their view, deliberation provides a necessary alternative to paternalistic models of power and authority. The deliberative turn has been celebrated as one of the great frontiers of political theory. But what are its limitations? What are its blind spots? This article argues that the deliberative turn has reinforced the anthropocentrism of modern political theory by categorically excluding the moral claims of animals from the sphere of justice. The article then proposes an evolutionary conception of justice as a way out of our anthropocentric social imaginary.
A Second Honeymoon: Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics
Authors: Faught Sydney
Published: March 2019

In “Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce,” Mark Sagoff (2001) asserts that “environmentalists cannot be animal liberationists. Animal liberationists cannot be environmentalists” (p. 42). In this article, I explore and refute this claim. As a result of structuring his argument around the work of Peter Singer and Aldo Leopold, I argue Sagoff too quickly dismisses rights-based approaches to animal liberation. Drawing on Thomas Pogge’s (2008) institutional framework for human rights, I present a rights-based foundation upon which animal liberationism and environmentalism can be based compatibly.
Can Christian Worship Influence Attitudes and Behavior Toward Animals?
Authors: Brown Jennifer E.
Published: March 2019

Both the Scriptures and the traditions of the Christian faith can be seen to promote animal welfare and, paradoxically, also to promote the idea of nonhuman animals existing only for human use. The result is that Christians can have mixed attitudes toward animals, and comparatively few Christians actively work toward improving animal welfare. It is possible that the behavior and activities of individual Christians reflect those values most strongly and frequently expressed in Christian liturgy and worship, which may be more limited than what is present in Scripture or the wider tradition. The psychological theory of reasoned action/planned behavior provides a model that can help explain how these values are translated into action. This article will report on the findings of a pilot study that explored the relationship between the style and content of Christian worship and behavior in related ethical areas and will focus on those results relating specifically to animal welfare. Statistically significant correlations were found between the inclusion (or in this case noninclusion) of animal welfare in church worship, private prayer, and related charitable giving. Participation in certain types of worship was predictive, either positively or negatively, for giving to animal welfare charities. Based on these results, this article explores the possible reasons why liturgy can have a strong influence in forming attitudes and shaping behavior and why some liturgical styles may be more influential than others.
A Linguistic Method of Deception: The Difference Between Killing Humanely and a Humane Killing
Authors: Podosky Paul-Mikhail
Published: March 2019

I examine how the use of moral language is tactically employed by the meat-eating industry to exploit and manipulate the moral community. In particular, I discuss the treatment of the word humane in the context of factory farming. I argue that when the meat-eating industry employs phrases such as killing humanely, it deceitfully directs the attention of the moral community by inviting us to make judgments about the method of killing farmed animals, while ignoring judgments about the whether or not such killing ought to happen. This difference is between killing humanely and a humane killing.
Picturing Elephants in Captivity
Authors: Marcus Hadas
Published: March 2019

The photo essay that comprises Elephant House bears mournful testimony to the severely restricted lives of the world’s largest terrestrial mammals at the Oregon Zoo, as well as similar “educational” institutions throughout the United States and the world. While purporting to remain neutral regarding the ethics of keeping pachyderms in captivity, ethno-photographer Dick Blau and author-historian Nigel Rothfels’s provocative book could easily arouse angry or disconsolate reactions in many readers. Rather than focusing on the pachyderms themselves, Elephant House takes a more anthropocentric stance (through zookeepers’ eyes), pinpointing the intertwined relationships between these magnificent animals and the humans who strive to keep them as mentally stimulated and healthy as possible, albeit in a hopelessly confined and unnatural environment.
Galileo’s Parabola Observed from Pappus’ Directrix, Apollonius’ Pedal Curve (Line), Galileo’s Empty Focus, Newton’s Evolute, Leibniz’s Subtangent and Subnormal, Ptolemy’s Circle (Hodograph), and Dürer-Simon Parabola (16.03.2019)
Authors: Stavek Jiri
Published: March 2019

Galileo’s Parabola describing the projectile motion passed through hands of all scholars of the classical mechanics. Therefore, it seems to be impossible to bring to this topic anything new. In our approach we will observe the Galileo’s Parabola from Pappus’ Directrix, Apollonius’ Pedal Curve (Line), Galileo’s Empty Focus, Newton’s Evolute, Leibniz’s Subtangent and Subnormal, Ptolemy’s Circle (Hodograph), and Dürer-Simon Parabola. For the description of events on this Galileo’s Parabola (this conic section parabola was discovered by Menaechmus) we will employ the interplay of the directrix of parabola discovered by Pappus of Alexandria, the pedal curve with the pedal point in the focus discovered by Apollonius of Perga (The Great Geometer), and the Galileo’s empty focus that plays an important function, too. We will study properties of this MAG Parabola with the aim to extract some hidden parameters behind that visible parabolic orbit in the Aristotelian World. For the visible Galileo’s Parabola in the Aristotelian World, there might be hidden curves in the Plato’s Realm behind the mechanism of that Parabola. The analysis of these curves could reveal to us hidden properties describing properties of that projectile motion. The parabolic path of the projectile motion can be described by six expressions of projectile speeds. In the Dürer-Simon’s Parabola we have determined tangential and normal accelerations with resulting acceleration g = 9.81 msec-2 directing towards to Galileo’s empty focus for the projectile moving to the vertex of that Parabola. When the projectile moves away from the vertex the resulting acceleration g = 9.81 msec-2 directs to the center of the Earth (the second focus of Galileo’s Parabola in the “infinity”). We have extracted some additional properties of Galileo’s Parabola. E.g., the Newtonian school correctly used the expression for “kinetic energy E = ½ mv2 for parabolic orbits and paths, while the Leibnizian school correctly used the expression for “vis viva” E = mv2 for hyperbolic orbits and paths. If we will insert the “vis viva” expression into the Soldner’s formula (1801) (e.g., Fengyi Huang in 2017), then we will get the right experimental value for the deflection of light on hyperbolic orbits. In the Plato’s Realm some other curves might be hidden and have been waiting for our future research. Have we found the Arriadne’s Thread leading out of the Labyrinth or are we still lost in the Labyrinth?
How Van Panchayat Rule Systems and Resource Use Influence People’s Participation in Forest Commons in the Indian Himalayas
Authors: Nagahama Kazuyo , Saito Kaoru , Yamamoto Hirokazu , Hama Yasukazu , Gairola Hem , Singh Prakash , Rakwal Randeep
Published: March 2019

Van Panchayats (VPs) are self-initiated forest management groups institutionalized since 1931 in the Himalayan Uttarakhand state of North India. VPs are considered to be successful case of Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) despite an observed decline in VP practice around the 1990s. This study clarifies CBFM in the context of local rules, forest resource use and people’s participation. It reveals the possible factors behind better resource management of forest commons use from four VPs in Uttarakhand. A multi-dimensional research approach was followed comprising a literature review of the state forest department data, forest inventory, interviews with village leaders as snowball samplings in several villages, and semi-structured interviews with villagers/house-holders. Results showed that local rules are different depending on the villages expect for prohibited timber logging. The most useful tree species for local people was Banji oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) and every village had an oak forest which was utilized for fuelwood and fodder for daily livelihoods. VP forest size and the basal area of trees also influenced people’s participation in forest management. Much larger size of the VP forest land is declining due to the people’s de-motivation for forest management. Furthermore, a higher education of the householder increased the level of participation. Transparency of Management Committee (MC) for the VP members is an important aspect. To summarize, availability and utilization of the valuable forest resources and its management by villagers following local rules and the VP system was considered to influence people’s participation in the forest commons.
Qualidade do cuidado: Avaliação da disponibilidade de insumos, imunobiológicos e medicamentos na Atenção Básica em município de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: De Almeida Lima Cássio , Souto Moreira Kênia , Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu Mauro Henrique , De Melo Alvarenga Vieira Davi , De Lima Mangueira Sabrina Aparecida , Vieira Maria Aparecida , De Melo Costa Simone
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar a Atenção Básica quanto aos insumos, imunobiológicos e medicamentos disponibilizados nos serviços de saúde da família de município de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, analítica, conduzida em 2014, a partir de instrumento ministerial intitulado Autoavaliação para Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, de equipes de saúde da família. Oito itens foram considerados, com valores entre zero a 10 pontos, da total inadequação à total adequação da Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), ao item avaliado. Classificaram-se as unidades em padrões de qualidade “muito insatisfatório” a “muito satisfatório” e analisou-se conforme localização rural e urbana, nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: Participaram 75 equipes, que apresentaram expressiva inadequação nos itens: UBS dispor todas as vacinas exigidas no calendário básico, 5,95 (±4,003); possuir insumos e medicamentos para abordagem inicial de urgência/emergência, 2,33 (±2,500); apresentar os medicamentos básicos com regularidade, 3,68 (±3,146). A classificação foi regular para 45,3% das unidades e insatisfatória para 29,3%, sem diferenças quanto à localização urbana ou rural (p=0,479). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se avaliação insatisfatória, com inadequações relativas às vacinas, à abordagem inicial nas situações de urgência e emergência e à disponibilidade dos medicamentos. Tal situação prejudica o elenco de ações e a resolutividade dos serviços, afetando a capacidade da equipe para atender, efetivamente, as demandas de saúde da população
Practical Applications in Immunohistochemistry: An Immunophenotypic Approach to the Spleen
Authors: Borch William R. , Aguilera Nadine S. , Brissette Mark D. , O'Malley Dennis P. , Auerbach Aaron
Published: March 2019

Context.—

Even though immunohistochemistry is routinely used by pathologists, evaluation of immunohistochemistry in splenic lesions remains difficult for many. Classification of benign and splenic lesions often requires a combination of hematoxylin-eosin evaluation, immunophenotyping, and sometimes molecular testing. Immunohistochemical staining is essential in evaluating many splenic lesions, and requires an understanding of the normal compartments of the spleen.

Objective.—

To address different immunohistochemical features used for identification and subclassification of different lesions of the spleen, as well as in the normal compartments of the spleen.

Data Sources.—

The information outlined in this review article is based on our experiences with a variety of spleen cases, on the current World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors, and on a review of English-language articles published during 2018.

Conclusions.—

Features for phenotyping normal spleen as well as a variety of splenic lesions, including littoral cell angioma and splenic marginal zone lymphoma, are discussed. Suggested immunopanels are provided to assist in the diagnosis of different lesions of the spleen.
Life in A-town
Authors: Crowley Brandy , Harper Tracy
Published: March 2019

Welcome to A-town! All the residents of A-town have names that start with the letter A! Could you live here? Join these students as they solve problems around their neighborhood. Remember, math is everywhere.
Split It! Unpacking the Equipartitioning Learning Trajectory
Authors: Suh Jennifer , Birkhead Sara , Farmer Rachelle Romero , Galanti Terrie , Nietert Alexandrea , Bauer Tyler , Seshaiyer Padmanabhan
Published: March 2019

Working with a mathematics coach and university researchers in a K-4 lesson study, teachers increase their understanding of student abilities in a fair-share sandwich problem.
Unlocking Mathematical Understanding Together through FACT Meetings
Authors: Bray Wendy S. , Johnson Jillian D. , Rivera Nancy , Fink Lee-Ann , Bauduin Charity , Schoen Robert C.
Published: March 2019

Teachers engage in sustained peer collaboration about formative assessment with a focus on students' mathematical thinking.
The Sound of Silence : le pouvoir discrétionnaire du Procureur de la Cour pénale internationale à travers l’utilisation des critères d’intérêts de la justice et de gravité lors de l’ouverture d’une enquête
Authors: Magnoux Claire
Published: March 2019

Une des grandes innovations dans le domaine de la justice internationale pénale, à l’exception de l’avènement même d’une cour permanente, est la consécration, en son sein, d’un Procureur indépendant. Cette indépendance fait néanmoins l’objet d’un encadrement notamment à travers l’article 53 du Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale, intitulé « Ouverture d’une enquête ». En effet, celui-ci circonscrit l’action du Procureur dès la phase d’ouverture d’enquête (paragraphe 1) en établissant un certain nombre de critères, dont celui des « intérêts de la justice ». Ce critère, pensé comme un critère de pondération, permet au Procureur de refuser d’ouvrir une enquête même si l’ensemble des autres critères est présent. Il constitue ainsi le bastion du pouvoir discrétionnaire du Procureur. Dans la pratique, aucun refus d’ouverture d’enquête ne s’est jamais basé sur le critère des « intérêts de la justice ». Or, à l’exception des situations ne passant pas le test d’admissibilité, les refus d’ouverture d’enquête se sont basés sur le test de la recevabilité et précisément sur le critère de la gravité. Cela signifie-t-il que le Procureur restreint de lui-même son pouvoir discrétionnaire en se concentrant sur d’autres critères ? Notre démarche vise à démontrer que le processus d’objectivation auquel s’est livré le Procureur dans la prise en compte de ces deux critères (intérêts de la justice et gravité) a été nuisible à l’image d’impartialité voulue par ce dernier, nécessitant des ajustements de sa part. Ainsi, il a minimisé l’utilisation de l’application du critère des intérêts de la justice au profit de celui de la gravité à la faveur d’une interprétation stricte des « intérêts de la justice » (I), tout en prenant en compte ce critère par l’intermédiaire de stratégies détournées rendant le contrôle et les débats relatifs à ses choix plus compliqués (II). Or, nous pensons qu’au regard du type de conflictualité auquel il doit faire face, il est nécessaire de se questionner sur une évolution du spectre du critère des intérêts de la justice, et donc de sa prise en compte dans le choix d’ouverture d’une enquête (III).
Supporting, Promoting, Respecting and Advocating: A Scoping Study of Rehabilitation Professionals’ Responses to Patient Autonomy
Authors: Blackburn Emilie , Durocher Evelyne , Feldman Debbie , Hudon Anne , Laliberté Maude , Mazer Barbara , Hunt Matthew
Published: March 2019

Background: Autonomy is a central concept in both bioethics and rehabilitation. Bioethics has emphasized autonomy as self-governance and its application in treatment decision-making. In addition to discussing decisional autonomy, rehabilitation also focuses on autonomy as functional independence. In practice, responding to patients with diminished autonomy is an important component of rehabilitation care, but also gives rise to tensions and challenges. Our objective was to better understand the complex and distinctive ways that autonomy is understood and upheld in the context of rehabilitation care by reviewing how autonomy is discussed in the rehabilitation literature. Methods: We conducted a scoping review addressing issues of autonomy in the context of mental and physical rehabilitation. Our process followed three sequential steps. We extracted and analyzed bibliometric information. We then examined how autonomy was defined and conceptualized. Finally, we examined how the articles discussed the roles of rehabilitation health professionals in responding to patient autonomy. Findings: The articles include 16 empirical reports, 17 case studies and 30 theoretical papers. The most common conceptual accounts of autonomy drew upon principlism, rights-based and legal analyses, and relational/social approaches. We identified four broad approaches for responding to patient autonomy: supporting, promoting, respecting and advocating. Conclusion: This review helps clarify some of the ambiguities and conceptual distinctions underlying discussions and practices related to autonomy in rehabilitation. It also draws attention to a wide range of activities that health professionals can undertake with the goal of supporting, promoting, respecting and advocating for patient autonomy in rehabilitation care.
Sexuality in Rehabilitation: Supporting Canadian Practitioners Conceptually Towards Client Enablement
Authors: Reel Kevin , Davidson Sylvia
Published: March 2019

This article explores the many dimensions of sex which result in very strong moral and ethical responses. In support of practitioners who wish to feel more comfortable and competent discussing sexual matters, the article then introduces a hybrid conceptual model of practice. Combining one model originally from sexology and another from occupational therapy, the Ex-PLISSIT Enablement Model offers a flexible, progressively-staged framework to guide practitioners toward a plan to better understand and work within their own scope while also assessing if clients are ready and willing to engage with the subject to varying degrees.
Mitochondrial/Nuclear Transfer: A Literature Review of the Ethical, Legal and Social Issues
Authors: Dupras-Leduc Raphaëlle , Birko Stanislav , Ravitsky Vardit
Published: March 2019

Mitochondrial/nuclear transfer (M/NT) to avoid the transmission of serious mitochondrial disease raises complex and challenging ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI). In February 2015, the United Kingdom became the first country in the world to legalize M/NT, making the heated debate surrounding this technology even more relevant. This critical interpretive review identified 95 relevant papers discussing the ELSI of M/NT, including original research articles, government-commissioned reports, editorials, letters to editors and research news. The review presents and synthesizes the arguments present in the literature in relation to the most commonly raised themes: terminology; identity, relationships and parenthood; potential harm; reproductive autonomy; available alternatives; consent; impact on specific interest groups; resources; “slippery slope”; creation, use and destruction of human embryos; and beneficence. The review concludes by identifying those ELSI that are specific to M/NT and by calling for follow-up longitudinal clinical and psychosocial research in order to equip future ELSI debate with empirical evidence.
More Than a Biological Condition: The Heteronormative Framing of Infertility
Authors: Maxwell Erika , Mathews Maria , Mulay Shree
Published: March 2019

Infertility is often framed from the perspective of heterosexual couples, the dominant patient group using reproductive technologies. However, there are many types of patients availing of fertility treatments and those patients are often overlooked in policy, planning, service provision, and research. This commentary demonstrates the need for further research into LGBT subgroups, who frequently fall outside of infertility discourses, and are therefore especially disadvantaged by current policy and fertility service structures.
Access to Personal Information for Public Health Research: Transparency Should Always Be Mandatory
Authors: Ringuette Louise , Bélisle-Pipon Jean-Christophe , Doudenkova Victoria , Williams-Jones Bryn
Published: March 2019

In Québec, the Act Respecting Access to Documents Held by Public Bodies and the Protection of Personal Information provides an exception to transparency to most public institutions where public health research is conducted by allowing them to not disclose their uses of personal data (often collected without the consent of those being studied). This exceptionalism is ethically problematic due to important concerns (e.g., protection of privacy and potential harms of secondary uses of data) and we argue that all those who conduct research should be transparent and accountable for the work they do in the public interest.
Seeking Ethics Approval in Colombia: A Health Systems Research Case Study
Authors: Rivillas Juan Carlos , Ingabire Marie-Gloriose
Published: March 2019

There is no single institution responsible for research ethics in health sciences in Colombia and there is no specific procedure for securing research ethics approval in the country. However, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection's resolution on health research provides guidance on key ethical considerations in health research and indicates which institutions in Colombia could provide ethics approval. Ethics approval has to be provided either by the researcher's institution of affiliation, the institution in which the research will be conducted, or the health authority responsible for the communities participating in the project. Despite this guidance, our experience with a health systems research project showed that the implementation and practice of research ethics vary between institutions. Attention should be given to ensuring effective implementation of the ethics approval process.
Consent Documentation and the Accessibility of Research Results in International Development Research
Authors: Malich Erika
Published: March 2019

This case study touches on issues that may arise in international development research, with reflections based on experiences conducting research in Peru. The two issues to be discussed are that of cultural differences in the consent documentation process, and ensuring that the benefits of research flow back to research participants.
AA7075 Yaşlandırılmasında Farklı Ön Gerinmelerin Mekanik Özelliklere Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KILIÇ Süleyman , KACAR İlyas , ÖZTÜRK Fahrettin , ŞAHİN Mevlüt , ERDEM Oğuz
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada havacılık sanayinde yaygın kullanıma sahip
7075 alüminyum alaşımının yaşlandırılmasında farklı ön gerinmelerin alaşımın mekanik
özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmadaki temel amaç farklı oranlarda
şekillendirilmiş parçaların boya fırınlaması esnasındaki mekanik ve mikroyapı
özelliklerinin değişiminin belirlenmesidir. Boya fırınlama işlemlerinde
genellikle 120-200 ºC sıcaklıkları kullanılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmamızda yaşlandırma
sıcaklıkları 120, 160 ve 200 ºC olarak seçilmiştir. Numunelere farklı ön gerinmeler
uygulanarak ön gerinmenin yaşlandırmadaki etkisi detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. İncelemeler
sonucunda ön gerinmenin artmasıyla, 200 ºC yaşlandırma sıcaklığında akma
mukavemeti ve geri esneme düşerken, altındaki yaşlandırma sıcaklıklarında artmaktadır.
Bunun sebebi ise mikroyapıdaki MgZn2 katı çökeltilerinin hacimsel
miktarıdır.
Pentanoik ve Bütanoik Asit Varlığında Kalsiyum Laktat Sulu Çözeltilerinin Metastabil Bölge Genişliğinin Yeni Yaklaşımlarla İncelenmesi
Authors: KIRAN YILDIRIM Berçem , GENÇASLAN Aybala , TİTİZ-SARGUT Sibel
Published: March 2019

Kalsiyum laktat sulu çözeltilerinin
politermal yöntem kullanılarak belirlenen metastabil bölge genişliği üzerine
soğutma hızının, Pentanoik ve Bütanoik asit varlığının etkisi self-consistent
Nývlt-like eşitliği ve klasik üç boyutlu nükleasyon teorisine dayanan yeni bir
yaklaşım kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmeler sonucunda
nükleasyon kinetik parametreleri olan görünür nükleasyon mertebesi, m, ve
nükleasyon sabiti, K, ve safsızlık etkinlik faktörü, aeff, tespit edilmiştir. Saf
ortamda ani nükleasyon oluşum mekanizması ile nüklei oluşumu söz konusu iken Pentanoik
ve Bütanoik asit varlığında nüklei oluşum mekanizmasının değiştiği ve nükleilerin
progresif nükleasyon mekanizması ile oluştuğu ortaya konulmuştur. Katkı maddesi
olarak seçilen Pentanoik ve Bütanoik asitin büyüme ünitelerinin büyüyen
nükleiye entegrasyonunu destekledikleri ve Bütanoik asitin bu entegrasyonda
daha etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Antioksidan Gümüş Nanoparçacıkların Sentezlenmesi, Karakterizasyonu ve Kataliz Uygulamaları
Authors: ŞAHİN Muradiye
Published: March 2019

Metal
nanoparçacıkların sahip oldukları üstün optik, elektronik özeliklerinden dolayı
son yıllarda optoelektronik, kataliz, tıp, kimyasal/biyokimyasal sensörler gibi
alanlarda kullanımları yoğun olarak araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada gümüş
nanoparçacıklar (AgNPs), tarçın, keçiboynuzu, zencefil ve zerdeçal antioksidan
özütleri kullanılarak başarıyla sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen antioksidan gümüş
nanoparçacıklar UV-VIS spektroskopisi, SEM-EDX ve FTIR ile karakterize edilmiştir.
Sentezlenen AgNPs’ler boyaların (Metil Oranj, Metilen Mavisi ve Rodamin B)
sodyum borhidrür (NaBH4) ile indirgenmesinde
katalizör olarak uygulanmıştır. Bozunma reaksiyonları için kinetik parametreler
(k) hesaplanmış ve yaklaşık 6-10 dakika antioksidan gümüş nanoparçacıklarına
maruz kalmalarıyla boyaların etkili bir şekilde parçalanmasını sağlamıştır.
Influence of the range of data on the performance of ANN- and SVM- based time series models for reproducing groundwater level observations
Authors: Yoon Heesung , Kim Yongcheol , Lee Soo-Hyoung , Ha Kyoochul
Published: March 2019

In the present study, we designed time series models for predicting groundwater level fluctuations using an artificial neural network (ANN) and a support vector machine (SVM). To estimate the model sensitivity to the range of data set for the model building, numerical tests were conducted using hourly measured groundwater level data at a coastal aquifer of Jeju Island in South Korea. The model performance of the two models is similar and acceptable when the range of input variable lies within the data set for the model building. However, when the range of input variables is beyond it, both the models showed abnormal prediction results: an oscillation for the ANN model and a constant value for SVM. The result of the numerical tests indicates that it is necessary to obtain various types of input and output variables and assign them to the model building process for the success of design time series models of groundwater level prediction.
Long-channel InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs single-quantum-well MISFETs with subthreshold swing of 61 mV/decade and effective mobility of 11 900 cm2 V−1 · s−1
Authors: Lee In-Geun , Jo Hyeon-Bhin , Yun Do-Young , Shin Chan-Soo , Lee Jung-Hee , Kim Tae-woo , Ko Dae-Hong , Kim Dae-Hyun
Published: March 2019

We report In0.52Al0.48As/In0.7Ga0.3As/In0.52Al0.48As single-quantum-well metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFETs) with a selective source/drain regrowth process. Long-channel InGaAs MISFETs yielded a subthreshold swing (S) of 61 mV/decade at VDS = 0.05 V and room temperature, and displayed very little frequency dispersion behavior in capacitance–voltage (CV) characteristics in both the strong-inversion and weak-inversion regimes. Both the S and CV results reflect the excellent interface quality between a molecular beam epitaxy-grown InAlAs insulator and an InGaAs channel. The devices showed as little as 0.8% per decade of frequency dispersion at the maximum gate capacitance in the strong-inversion regime. Moreover, the fabricated devices yielded an effective mobility (μ

n_eff) of 11 900 cm2 V−1 · s−1 at room temperature, and degradation of μ

n_eff with V
GS in the strong-inversion regime was negligible. These results are a consequence of the small interfacial state density and the smooth surface morphology at the interface.
«Ubehagets pedagogikk» – en inngang til kritisk refleksjon og inkluderende undervisning?
Authors: Røthing Åse
Published: March 2019

“Pedagogy of discomfort” was first introduced by Boler in 1999 as a teaching practice that invites educators and students to engage in critical inquiry regarding values and norms, and to examine constructed self-images and perceptions of others (1999, p. 177). The concept has later been further developed by Boler and Zembylas (2003) as a pedagogical framework to engage students and teachers with issues of difference, race and social justice by challenging their emotional comfort zones. This pedagogical approach is grounded in the assumption that discomforting emotions are important in challenging dominant beliefs, social habits and normative practices that sustain stereotypes and social injustice and in creating openings for empathy and transformation. (Zembylas & Papamichael, 2017, p. 3). This article explores how pedagogy of discomfort may contribute to critical reflections and inclusive education, by asking what educators may gain from dwelling with discomfort rather than trying to escape it. I argue that discomfort may function as an approach to critical reflections and new knowledge, and a resource for transformation, not as something to fear and avoid. However, the ideas of pedagogy of discomfort have raised concerns for what might happen when students are challenged and become uncomfortable in educational settings. One might argue that the concept of “classroom safety” could imply that educators first and foremost should offer comfort in classrooms. My main interest in this article is what educators may gain from engaging with discomfort as a resource for critical reflections and inclusive education.
Minoritetspolitisk historie som profesjonskunnskap – en personlig refleksjon om «praktisk relevans»
Authors: Christensen Cato
Published: March 2019

Working at Oslo Metropolitan University, which aspire to be a “university for professional education”, I often sense an expectation that my teaching should have “practical relevance” for the students. But does it need to, always?
Associated bacteria of Botryococcus braunii (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Gouveia Joao D. , Lian Jie , Steinert Georg , Smidt Hauke , Sipkema Detmer , Wijffels Rene H. , Barbosa Maria J.
Published: March 2019

Botryococcus braunii (Chlorophyta) is a green microalga known for producing hydrocarbons and exopolysaccharides (EPS). Improving the biomass productivity of B. braunii and hence, the productivity of the hydrocarbons and of the EPS, will make B. braunii more attractive for industries. Microalgae usually cohabit with bacteria which leads to the formation of species-specific communities with environmental and biological advantages. Bacteria have been found and identified with a few B. braunii strains, but little is known about the bacterial community across the different strains. A better knowledge of the bacterial community of B. braunii will help to optimize the biomass productivity, hydrocarbons, and EPS accumulation. To better understand the bacterial community diversity of B. braunii, we screened 12 strains from culture collections. Using 16S rRNA gene analysis by MiSeq we described the bacterial diversity across 12 B. braunii strains and identified possible shared communities. We found three bacterial families common to all strains: Rhizobiaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, and Comamonadaceae. Additionally, the results also suggest that each strain has its own specific bacteria that may be the result of long-term isolated culture.
A Study on Relationship of Thrombocytopenia and Likelihood of Severe Malaria in Patients Admitted With Malaria in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Dakshina Kannada
Authors: Bendigeri Mukhtarahmed , Panchakshare Apoorva , Attar Nazir , Jaladhar Prakruthi
Published: March 2019

Background: Malaria continues to be a huge socioeconomic burden despite various measures taken to curb the spread worldwide. It is also a global concern and more so in countries with a resource-limited setting. This inspired us to look at variables that could represent a severe disease in those limited settings, one such parameter being thrombocytopenia in malaria.  

Aims and Objectives: To find the relationship between thrombocytopenia and renal failure, hepatic dysfunction and cerebral malaria (severe malaria) and to identify if thrombocytopenia on the first day of admission increases the likelihood of severe malaria.

Methods: The study included 85 patients admitted in Yenepoya medical college hospital with fever and peripheral smear or malarial parasite fluorescent test (MPFT) positive for Plasmodium species.

Results: A total of 85 patients were included in the study. It was noted that the patients with profound thrombocytopenia (<20,000/ml) on day 1 were more commonly associated with manifestations of severe malaria-like cerebral malaria, renal failure, and jaundice. Platelet count of <50,000/ml was associated with increased incidence of  renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, and cerebral malaria and increased mortality by an odds ratio of 4.37 on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions: It was noted in our study that the presence of thrombocytopenia in a case of acute febrile illness increases the probability of malaria. This finding along with clinical suspicion of malaria should entail early treatment initiation. We have also noted that the presence of profound and severe thrombocytopenia was found to have a statistically significant correlation with cerebral malaria, renal failure and jaundice, and increased mortality.
A Sequential Third Order Rotatable Design in Four Dimensions
Authors: Cornelious Nyakundi O.
Published: March 2019

In research, experiments must be performed at pre-determined levels of the controllable factors, meaning that an experimental design must be selected prior to experimentation. Once an experimenter has chosen a polynomial model of suitable order, the problem arises on how best to choose the settings for the independent variables over which he has control. A particular selection of settings or factor levels at which observations are to be taken is called a design. A design may become inappropriate under special circumstances requiring an increase in factors or levels to make it more desirable. In agriculture for instance, continuous cultivation of crops may exhaust previously available mineral elements necessitating a sequential appendage of the mineral elements which become deficient in the soil over time. In this study, a fifty six points third order rotatable design is constructed by adding a set of factors to a second order  rotatable design in four dimensions and a practical hypothetical example is given by converting coded level to natural levels.  This design permits a response surface to be fitted easily and provide spherical information contours besides the economic use of scarce resources in relevant production processes.