bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A physicochemical route for compensation of molecular weight loss during recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Rastin Hadi , Ahmadi Zahed , Pakdel Amir Saeid , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Abbasian Yousef , Liravi Mohsen , Eslahi Alireza
Published: January 2015

This work is aimed to undertake the simultaneous effect of chain extension (chemical modification) and solid‐state polymerization (SSP) on the structural properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) to compensate the molecular weight (MW) losses caused by thermal degradation. This hybrid technique was qualified by tracking changes in the MW, intrinsic viscosity (IV), and concentrations of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups of various samples containing different concentrations of chain extender that experienced different residence times (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h) and different SSP process temperatures (190, 200, and 210°C). It was found that at high concentrations of chain extender, thermal degradation is facilitated owing to the lack of functional groups, as witnessed by a sharp drop in the MW and IV. The re‐recycled poly(ethylene terephthalates) experienced chemical modification followed by SSP physical treatment and revealed a rise in MW and IV. Accordingly, the synergistic effect of hybrid modification in comparison with the individual chemical modification was highlighted. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:387–395, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Vertebrate spinal commissural neurons: a model system for studying axon guidance beyond the midline
Authors: Martinez Edward , Tran Tracy S.
Published: January 2015

For bilaterally symmetric organisms, the transfer of information between the left and right side of the nervous system is mediated by commissures formed by neurons that project their axons across the body midline to the contralateral side of the central nervous system (CNS). After crossing the midline, many of these axons must travel long distances to reach their targets, including those that extend from spinal commissural neurons. Owing to the highly stereotyped trajectories of spinal commissural neurons that can be divided into several segments as these axons project to their targets, it is an ideal system for investigators to ask fundamental questions related to mechanisms of short‐ and long‐range axon guidance, fasciculation, and choice point decisions at the midline intermediate target. In addition, studies of patterning genes of the nervous system have revealed complex transcription factor codes that function in a combinatorial fashion to specify individual classes of spinal neurons including commissural neurons. Despite these advances and the functional importance of spinal commissural neurons in mediating the transfer of external sensory information from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the CNS, only a handful of studies have begun to elucidate the mechanistic logic underlying their long‐range pathfinding and the characterization of their synaptic targets. Using in vitro assays, in vivo labeling methodologies, in combination with both loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments, several studies have revealed that the molecular mechanisms of long‐range spinal commissural axon pathfinding involve an interplay between classical axon guidance cues, morphogens and cell adhesion molecules. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:283–297. doi: 10.1002/wdev.173

This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Gradients

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
New Molecular Aluminum Chloride Amides [Cl2AlNEt2]2 and [HClAlNEt2]2 and their Boranate Analogues [(BH4)2AlNEt2]2 and [H(BH4)AlNEt2]2
Authors: Walgenbach Andreas , Veith Michael , Huch Volker , Kohlmann Holger
Published: January 2015

New molecular aluminium chloride amides [Cl2AlNEt2]2 and [HClAlNEt2]2 were prepared by salt‐elimination reactions from lithium diethylamide and aluminium hydride dichloride diethyl‐etherate or aluminium chloride, respectively. With LiBH4 in n‐hexane they form the new boranates [(BH4)2AlNEt2]2 and [H(BH4)AlNEt2]2. X‐ray single crystal structure analyses reveal dimeric molecules with non‐planar four‐membered Al2N2 rings in the solid state ([Cl2AlNEt2]2 (1): Pnma, V = 1606.3(2) Å3, Z = 4; [HClAlNEt2]2 (2): Pnma, V = 1453.7(2) Å3, Z = 4; [(BH4)2AlNEt2]2 (3): C2/c, V = 1810.8(2) Å3, Z = 4; [H(BH4)AlNEt2]2 (4): Pnma, V = 1540.8(3) Å3, Z = 4). Bond lengths and angles are in the usual range for such compounds and torsion angles within the Al2N2 rings vary from 1° to 14°. The packings of the dimeric molecules in compounds 1, 2, and 4 resemble a distorted hexagonal closest packing. NMR spectra corroborate the molecular structures from the solid state. CVD experiments with [HClAlNEt2]2 (2) as a single‐source precursor yield thin aluminium layers. [H(BH4)AlNEt2]2 (4) is the first structurally characterized hydride tetrahydridoborate compound of aluminium.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of NaP7, a Phosphorus‐rich Polyphosphide
Authors: Grotz Carolin , Köpf Marianne , Baumgartner Maximilian , Jantke Laura‐Alice , Raudaschl‐Sieber Gabriele , Fässler Thomas F. , Nilges Tom
Published: January 2015

NaP7is a phosphorus‐rich polyphosphide featuring a helical polyphosphide substructure. It can be prepared from the elements as well as via short way transport using CuI as mineralizer additive. As a potential intermediate compound during the reaction of phosphorus with sodium in sodium ion batteries, we investigated the structural and physical properties of this polyphosphide in detail. X‐ray single crystal and powder data were collected and the structure was re‐determined. Thermal properties were measured and the electronic structure was calculated using DFT methods. NaP7is a semiconductor featuring a bandgap in the visible light region.
Identification of novel genes responsible for salt tolerance by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Park Won-Kun , Yang Ji-Won , Kim Hyun-Soo
Published: January 2015

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains tolerant to salt stress are important for the production of single-cell protein using kimchi waste brine. In this study, two strains (TN-1 and TN-2) tolerant of up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl were isolated by screening a transposon-mediated mutant library. The determination of transposon insertion sites and Northern blot analysis identified two genes, MDJ1 and VPS74, and revealed disruptions of the open reading frame of both genes, indicating that salt tolerance can be conferred. Such tolerant phenotypes reverted to sensitive phenotypes on the autologous or overexpression of each gene. The two transposon mutants grew faster than the control strain when cultured at 30 °C in rich medium containing 5, 7.5 or 10 % NaCl. The genes identified in this study may provide a basis for application in developing industrial yeast strains.
Diversity and potential impact of Calonectria species in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil
Authors: Alfenas R.F. , Lombard L. , Pereira O.L. , Alfenas A.C. , Crous P.W.
Published: January 2015

Species in the genus Calonectria (Hypocreales) represent an important group of plant pathogenic fungi that cause serious losses to plant crops in tropical and subtropical climates. Calonectria leaf blight is currently one of the main impediments to Eucalyptus cultivation
in Brazil, and various species of Calonectria have been associated with this disease. Since most previous identifications were solely based on morphological characters, much of the published literature needs to be re-evaluated. The aim of this study was thus to identify and determine
the phylogenetic relationships among species that occur in the Eucalyptus growing regions of Brazil by using partial sequences of the β-tubulin, calmodulin, translation elongation factor 1-α and histone H3 gene regions. Based on extensive collections from soil and infected
eucalypt leaf samples from plantations, phylogenetic inference revealed the Ca. pteridis complex to be the most common species complex present in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. By elucidating taxa in the Ca. pteridis, Ca. cylindrospora and Ca.
candelabra species complexes, 20 novel Calonectria species were identified, and a new name in Calonectria provided for Cylindrocladium macrosporum as Ca. pseudopteridis.
New species, hyper-diversity and potential importance of Calonectria spp. from Eucalyptus in South China
Authors: Lombard L. , Chen S.F. , Mou X. , Zhou X.D. , Crous P.W. , Wingfield M.J.
Published: January 2015

Plantation forestry is expanding rapidly in China to meet an increasing demand for wood and pulp products globally. Fungal pathogens including species of Calonectria represent a serious threat to the growth and sustainability of this industry. Surveys were conducted in the Guangdong,
Guangxi and Hainan Provinces of South China, where Eucalyptus trees in plantations or cuttings in nurseries displayed symptoms of leaf blight. Isolations from symptomatic leaves and soils collected close to infected trees resulted in a large collection of Calonectria isolates.
These isolates were identified using the Consolidated Species Concept, employing morphological characters and DNA sequence comparisons for the β-tubulin, calmodulin, histone H3 and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene regions. Twenty-one Calonectria species were identified
of which 18 represented novel taxa. Of these, 12 novel taxa belonged to Sphaero-Naviculate Group and the remaining six to the Prolate Group. Southeast Asia appears to represent a centre of biodiversity for the Sphaero-Naviculate Group and this fact could be one of the important constraints
to Eucalyptus forestry in China. The remarkable diversity of Calonectria species in a relatively small area of China and associated with a single tree species is surprising.
Examining Hospital Patients’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Hospital-Acquired Infections and Their Participation in Infection Control
Authors: Seale Holly , Novytska Yuliya , Gallard Julie , Kaur Rajneesh
Published: January 2015

It is crucial to assess patients’ understanding of and readiness to participate in infection control programs. While 80% of hospital patients reported that they were willing to help hospital staff with infection prevention, many felt that they would not feel comfortable asking a healthcare worker to sanitize his or her hands.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3
Antibiotic Prescribing at the Transition from Hospitalization to Discharge: A Target for Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Yogo Norihiro , Haas Michelle K. , Knepper Bryan C. , Burman William J. , Mehler Philip S. , Jenkins Timothy C.
Published: January 2015

Of 300 patients prescribed oral antibiotics at the time of hospital discharge, urinary tract infection, community-acquired pneumonia, and skin infections accounted for 181 of the treatment indications (60%). Half of the prescriptions were antibiotics with broad Gram-negative activity. Discharge prescriptions were inappropriate in 79 of 150 cases reviewed (53%).

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–5
Molecular Epidemiology ofClostridium difficileInfections in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kociolek Larry K. , Patel Sameer J. , Shulman Stanford T. , Gerding Dale N.
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE

The molecular epidemiology of pediatricClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) is poorly understood. We aimed to identify the restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) groups causing CDI and to determine risk factors and outcomes associated with CDI caused by epidemic strains in children.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study

PATIENTS

Inpatients and outpatients >1 year old receiving care between December 2012 and December 2013

SETTING

An academic children’s hospital in Chicago, Illinois

METHODS

C. difficilePCR-positive stools were cultured, andC. difficileisolates were typed by REA. REA of isolates from patients with multiple CDIs was performed to differentiate relapse (infection with same strain) from reinfection (different strains) irrespective of time between CDIs.

RESULTS

A total of 189 CDIs occurred among 145 patients. REA groups were widely distributed. The BI/NAP1/027 strain caused CDI in only 1 patient. DH/NAP11/106, the predominant epidemic strain identified, was associated with the use of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins (risk ratio [RR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–9.9;P=.04). CDI relapse commonly occurred up to 20 weeks later. Compared with CDI caused by non-DH/NAP11/106 strains, CDI caused by DH/NAP11/106 was more likely to result in multiple CDI relapses (40% vs 8%;P=.05) among children with multiple CDIs.

CONCLUSIONS

REA identified the exceedingly low prevalence of BI/NAP1/027 and the high prevalence of DH/NAP11/106, a common epidemic strain in the United Kingdom that is less often reported in the United States. CDI relapse commonly occurred up to 20 weeks from the previous CDI. Defining recurrent CDI as that occurring only within 8 weeks of the original infection may lead to misclassification of some recurrent CDIs as new CDIs in children.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2015;00(0): 1–7
A Quasi-Vehicle/Bridge Interaction Model for High Speed Railways
Authors: Yau J.-D. , Frýba L.
Published: January 2015

Vehicle response is served as a reference to evaluate riding comfort of passengers and running safety of moving carriages for high speed trains. In analyzing the vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) problems, two sets of coupled equations of motion for running vehicles and bridge need to be solved and the VBI system matrices must be updated and factorized at each time step in a time-history analysis. This paper proposed a quasi-VBI model to abridge the complicated computational process, in which the bridge is subjected to only moving static forces of the train loadings, and the moving vehicle over it is excited by the corresponding feedback bridge response. To examine the interacting degree of the vehicle with the bridge, a coupling evaluation index (CEI) is defined as a quantitative assessment of the VBI system. The numerical parametric studies reveal that (1) the mass ratio of vehicle to bridge is the most sensitive parameter affecting the bridge response; (2) increasing bridge damping can reduce the coupling degree of the VBI system at high speeds; (3) the present quasi-VBI model is an efficient and simple tool to predict the vehicle's response with enough accuracy based on engineering approximation.
Identification of Characteristic Parameters for Hydrostatic Bearings
Authors: Kang Y. , Hu S.-Y. , Chang Y.-P. , Wang T.-P.
Published: January 2015

This study proposes a method to identify the characteristic parameters of hydrostatic bearing. When load or supply pressure changed, the inlet and outlet pressures of restrictor, flow rate and worktable displacement are examined for establish identification equations. The practical values of the characteristic parameters can be obtained by minimizing the differences between measure flow rate and identify flow rate. The differences between practical and design values of these parameters can be used to calibrate design parameters for satisfying the requirements.
Dynamic Behaviour of Back to Back Planetary Gear in Run Up and Run
Down Transient Regimes
Authors: Hammami A. , Rincon A. Fernandez Del , Chaari F. , Rueda F. Viadero , Haddar M.
Published: January 2015

The operating cycle of planetary gear transmissions is composed by the run up
regime, steady state regime with fixed speed and the run down regime. Run up and
run down are one of the main non stationary excitations for planetary gearboxes.
This paper investigates, in these two regimes, the dynamic behaviour of a
special configuration of two stages planetary gear which are mounted
back-to-back. A dynamic model is developed. The variability of speed in the run
up and run down regimes is included in the model. The computation of the dynamic
response shows that additional sidebands instability zones are generated. Using
the Short Time Fourier Transform, an amplitude-frequency modulation is observed
in the non stationary condition. An experimental study done on a back-to-back
planetary gear test rig is conducted for validation of the mathematic model.
Do Hedge Funds Reduce Idiosyncratic Risk?
Authors: Kang Namho , Kondor Péter , Sadka Ronnie
Published: January 2015

This paper studies the effect of hedge-fund trading on idiosyncratic risk. We hypothesize that while hedge-fund activity would often reduce idiosyncratic risk, high initial levels of idiosyncratic risk might be further amplified due to fund loss limits. Panel-regression analyses provide supporting evidence for this hypothesis. The results are robust to sample selection and are further corroborated by a natural experiment using the Lehman bankruptcy as an exogenous adverse shock to hedge-fund trading. Hedge-fund capital also explains the increased idiosyncratic volatility of high-idiosyncratic-volatility stocks as well as the decreased idiosyncratic volatility of low-idiosyncratic-volatility stocks over the past few decades.
Portfolio Concentration and Firm Performance
Authors: Ekholm Anders , Maury Benjamin
Published: January 2015

This paper investigates the relation between shareholders’ portfolio concentration and firm performance. Using data on more than 1.3 million unique shareholders, we create an index that measures how concentrated shareholder portfolios are in each firm. We posit that portfolio concentration will affect incentives when shareholders are resource constrained. We find that average shareholder portfolio concentration is positively related to future operational performance and valuation. We also find that portfolio concentration is positively correlated with abnormal stock returns. Our findings suggest that shareholders with concentrated portfolios are more informed and play a governance role through the stock market.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in ENT surgery: a survey of current practice
Authors: Nash R , Randhawa N , Saeed S R
Published: January 2015

Background:

Venous thromboembolism is uncommon in ENT practice. There are no specific venous thromboembolism prophylaxis guidelines for ENT surgery, despite the bleeding risks associated with ENT surgery and the low incidence of venous thromboembolism.

Methods:

An online poll of the ENT UK expert panel was conducted on the use of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.

Results:

A total of 132 responses were received. Of the respondents, 84.5 per cent routinely assess all of their patients for venous thromboembolism risk. In addition, 75.4 per cent use local health trust guidelines, with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence being the most common source of national guidelines. There was significant heterogeneity in the use of low molecular weight heparin. Only 53.7 per cent of respondents felt that the guidelines they currently used reflect their practice.

Conclusion:

There is significant heterogeneity in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. There is therefore scope for revision of the ENT UK venous thromboembolism prophylaxis guidelines to reflect general ENT practice.
Persistence and remission of ADHD during adulthood: a 7-year clinical follow-up study
Authors: Karam R. G. , Breda V. , Picon F. A. , Rovaris D. L. , Victor M. M. , Salgado C. A. I. , Vitola E. S. , Silva K. L. , Guimarães-da-Silva P. O. , Mota N. R. , Caye A. , Belmonte-de-Abreu P. , Rohde L. A. , Grevet E. H. , Bau C. H. D.
Published: January 2015

Background

Course and predictors of persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults are still largely unknown. Neurobiological and clinical differences between child and adult ADHD raise the need for follow-up studies of patients diagnosed during adulthood. This study investigates predictors of ADHD persistence and the possibility of full remission 7 years after baseline assessment.

Method

A 7-year follow-up study of adults with ADHD (n = 344, mean age 34.1 years, 49.9% males) was conducted. Variables from different domains (social demographics, co-morbidities, temperament, medication status, ADHD measures) were explored with the aim of finding potential predictors of ADHD persistence.

Results

Retention rate was 66% (n = 227). Approximately a third of the sample (n = 70, 30.2%) did not maintain ADHD criteria and 28 (12.4%) presented full remission (<4 symptoms), independently of changes in co-morbidity or cognitive demand profiles. Baseline predictors of diagnostic persistence were higher number of inattention symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 8.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.54–25.45, p < 0.001], number of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.34, p = 0.01), oppositional defiant disorder (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.20–8.11, p = 0.02), and social phobia (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.12–11.47, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Despite the stage of brain maturation in adults suggests stability, approximately one third of the sample did not keep full DSM-IV diagnosis at follow-up, regardless if at early, middle or older adulthood. Although full remission is less common than in childhood, it should be considered as a possible outcome among adults.
Brillouin-shifted third-harmonic backscattering of laser in a magnetized plasma
Authors: Paknezhad Alireza
Published: January 2015

Third-harmonic Brillouin backscattering (3HBBS) instability is investigated in the interaction of a picosecond extraordinary laser pulse with a homogeneous transversely magnetized underdense plasma. Nonlinear coupled equations that describe the instability are derived and solved for a weakly coupled regime to find the maximum growth rate. The nonlinearity arises through the combined effect of relativistic mass increase, static magnetic field, and ponderomotive acceleration of plasma electrons. The growth rate is found to decrease as the static magnetic field increases. It also increases by increasing both plasma density and laser intensity. It is also established that the growth rate of 3HBBS instability in a magnetized plasma is lower than that of fundamental Brillouin backscattering instability.
Prelinguistic vocalizations distinguish pointing acts
Authors: GRÜNLOH THOMAS , LISZKOWSKI ULF
Published: January 2015

The current study investigated whether point-accompanying characteristics, like vocalizations and hand shape, differentiate infants' underlying motives of prelinguistic pointing. We elicited imperative (requestive) and declarative (expressive and informative) pointing acts in experimentally controlled situations, and analyzed accompanying characteristics. Experiment 1 revealed that prosodic characteristics of point-accompanying vocalizations distinguished requestive from both expressive and informative pointing acts, with little differences between the latter two. In addition, requestive points were more often realized with the whole hand than the index finger, while this was the opposite for expressive and informative acts. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, revealing distinct prosodic characteristics for requestive pointing also when the referent was distal and when it had an index-finger shape. Findings reveal that beyond the social context, point-accompanying vocalizations give clues to infants' underlying intentions when pointing.
Rigidity in dimension four of area-minimising Einstein manifolds
Authors: BARROS A. , CRUZ C. , BATISTA R. , SOUSA P.
Published: January 2015

The aim of this paper is to prove a sharp inequality for the area of a four dimensional compact Einstein manifold (Σ,gΣ) embedded into a complete five dimensional manifold (M5,g) with positive scalar curvatureRand nonnegative Ricci curvature. Under a suitable choice, we have$area(\Sigma)^{\frac{1}{2}}\inf_{M}R \leq 8\sqrt{6}\pi$. Moreover, occurring equality we deduce that (Σ,gΣ) is isometric to a standard sphere ($\mathbb{S}$4,gcan) and in a neighbourhood of Σ, (M5,g) splits as ((-ϵ, ϵ) ×$\mathbb{S}$4,dt2+gcan) and the Riemannian covering of (M5,g) is isometric to$\Bbb{R}$×$\mathbb{S}$4.
Intrauterine insemination of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells prior to embryo transfer improves clinical outcome for patients with repeated implantation failures
Authors: Madkour Aicha , Bouamoud Nouzha , Louanjli Noureddine , Kaarouch Ismail , Copin Henri , Benkhalifa Moncef , Sefrioui Omar
Published: January 2015

Implantation failure is a major limiting factor in assisted reproduction improvement. Dysfunction of embryo–maternal immuno-tolerance pathways may be responsible for repeated implantation failures. This fact is supported by immunotropic theory stipulating that maternal immune cells, essentially uterine CD56+natural killer cells, are determinants of implantation success. In order to test this hypothesis, we applied endometrium immuno-modulation prior to fresh embryo transfer for patients with repeated implantation failures. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from repeated implantation failure patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology cycles. On the day of ovulation induction, cells were isolated and then cultured for 3 days and transferred into the endometrium cavity prior to fresh embryo transfer. This immunotherapy was performed on 27 patients with repeated implantation failures and compared with another 27 patients who served as controls. Implantation and clinical pregnancy were increased significantly in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell test versus control (21.54, 44.44 vs. 8.62, 14.81%). This finding suggests a clear role for endometrium immuno-modulation and the inflammation process in implantation success. Our study showed the feasibility of intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells as an effective therapy to improve clinical outcomes for patients with repeated implantation failures and who are undergoingin vitrofertilization cycles.
The bone morphogenetic protein system and the regulation of ovarian follicle development in mammals
Authors: Rossi Rodrigo O.D.S. , Costa José J.N. , Silva Anderson W.B. , Saraiva Márcia V.A. , Van den Hurk Robert , Silva José R.V.
Published: January 2015

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family consists of several growth factor proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMPs bind to type I and type II serine–threonine kinase receptors, and transduce signals through the Smad signalling pathway. BMPs have been identified in mammalian ovaries, and functional studies have shown that they are involved in the regulation of oogenesis and folliculogenesis. This review summarizes the role of the BMP system during formation, growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in mammals.
Estimated effects of white rice consumption and rice variety selection on incidence of type 2 diabetes in Cambodia
Authors: Sar Seila , Marks Geoffrey C
Published: January 2015

Objective

Rice consumption patterns are considered an important risk factor for diabetes in many countries. The present study aimed to model the impact of a shift in consumption of white rice from current to appropriately reduced levels and a shift in rice variety from one with a high glycaemic index to one with a low glycaemic index, on the burden of type 2 diabetes in Cambodia.

Design

Prevent Plus software was used to model the impact of selected changes to white rice consumption on the burden of type 2 diabetes. Data used for modelling included: demographic projections, relative risk estimates for white rice consumption and diabetes, diabetes incidence, rice type and quantities consumed. The 10-year projections were based on different scenarios of changes in risk factors.

Results

With no intervention, 10-year projections showed that total new diabetes cases will increase from 11 315 (9·1 per 10 000 person-years) for the year 2011 to 14 852 new cases (12·4 per 10 000 person-years) in 2020. However, this increase will be reduced by 27 % (average across 10 years) with a change in rice variety from Phka Rumdual to IR66 and by 26 % (average across 10 years) with a 25 % reduction in quantity from current consumption levels.

Conclusions

Changing rice consumption patterns has potential for an important impact on diabetes risk, with a change of rice variety having a similar impact on the burden of diabetes in communities consuming rice with a high glycaemic index as a 25 % reduction in the quantity of rice consumed. Similar effects are likely for other countries with rice as a staple food, diversity in rice varieties and high incidence of diabetes.
ON THE NUMBER OF DEDEKIND CUTS AND TWO-CARDINAL MODELS OF DEPENDENT THEORIES
Authors: Chernikov Artem , Shelah Saharon
Published: January 2015

For an infinite cardinal${\it\kappa}$, let$\text{ded}\,{\it\kappa}$denote the supremum of the number of Dedekind cuts in linear orders of size${\it\kappa}$. It is known that${\it\kappa}<\text{ded}\,{\it\kappa}\leqslant 2^{{\it\kappa}}$for all${\it\kappa}$and that$\text{ded}\,{\it\kappa}<2^{{\it\kappa}}$is consistent for any${\it\kappa}$of uncountable cofinality. We prove however that$2^{{\it\kappa}}\leqslant \text{ded}(\text{ded}(\text{ded}(\text{ded}\,{\it\kappa})))$always holds. Using this result we calculate the Hanf numbers for the existence of two-cardinal models with arbitrarily large gaps and for the existence of arbitrarily large models omitting a type in the class of countable dependent first-order theories. Specifically, we show that these bounds are as large as in the class of all countable theories.
THE ENDS OF LIBERALISM AND THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF NEHRU'S INDIA
Authors: BAYLY C. A.
Published: January 2015

The period immediately following Independence when Jawaharlal Nehru was prime minister of India (1947–64) has been described conventionally as an era dominated by “socialist” developmentalism. This article contends that an examination of the ideas of Nehru and his closest colleagues reveals a much more complex amalgam of political ideologies and sentiments. Ideas of small-scale development through local bodies and cooperative societies, typical of earlier “communitarian” liberals such as G. K. Gokhale, were blended, and sometimes contended, with visions of rapid industrialization more obviously based on the Soviet model. Nehru himself remained distinctly liberal in his political stance, musing that he could not impose further socialist measures “because most Indians were not socialists.” The article considers the importance of the events of India's partition for this ideological amalgam and the examines the ideas of key figures in Nehru's circle, notably G. B. Pant, D. R. Gadgil, P. C. Mahalanobis and S. Radhakrishnan.
MASTERS IN THEIR OWN HOME OR DEFENDERS OF THE HUMAN PERSON? WOJCIECH KORFANTY, ANTI-SEMITISM, AND POLISH CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY’S ILLIBERAL RIGHTS-TALK
Authors: KOSICKI PIOTR H.
Published: January 2015

Prior to World War II, the founder and key theorist of Poland's Christian Democratic movement—the Silesian political revolutionary Wojciech Korfanty—developed a sophisticated “Catholic rights-talk” in conversation with trends in Western European Catholic thought. In the wake of the Holocaust, however, both in ephemeral political opposition on Polish soil and in subsequent exile, Poland's Christian Democrats abandoned their interwar rights discourse. This essay explores that shift, locating its source in interwar Polish Catholic anti-Semitism. Given the Holocaust's perverse fulfillment of Polish Christian Democracy's crucial 1930s advocacy of restricting the political and economic life of Poland to rights-endowed Christians—necessitating the removal of Jewish “non-persons”—the Poles’ transnational postwar advocacy vacillated between Cold War cooperation with American-aligned governments and a desire to participate in the governance of a Poland that, even if Communist, had finally become a “nationally homogeneous state.”
The Physics of Convection in Massive Stars
Authors: Meakin Casey A.
Published: January 2015

I summarize current state-of-the-art methods for treating the difficult problem of turbulent convection in stellar interiors and I discuss a powerful approach for analysis that allows one to leverage the most from 3D stellar models.
The Gaia-ESO Survey and Massive Stars
Authors: Blomme Ronny , Frémat Yves , Gosset Eric , Herrero Artemio , Lobel Alex , Apellániz Jesús Maíz , Morel Thierry , Negueruela Ignacio , Semaan Thierry , Simón-Díaz Sergio , Volpi Delia
Published: January 2015

As part of the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES), a number of clusters will be observed that were chosen specifically for their massive-star content. We report on the procedures we followed to determine the stellar parameters from the massive-star spectra of this survey. We intercompare the results from the different techniques used by the nodes of our group to determine these parameters and discuss some of the problems encountered. We present preliminary results for NGC 6705, NGC 3293, and Trumpler 14. We study microturbulence in A-type stars, we use the repeat observation to investigate binarity, and we determine cluster membership from the radial velocity information. The large number of massive-star spectra obtained by the Gaia-ESO Survey will allow us to critically test stellar evolution modelling.
Chemical abundances of fast-rotating OB stars
Authors: Cazorla Constantin , Morel Thierry , Nazé Yaël , Rauw Gregor
Published: January 2015

Fast rotation in massive stars is predicted to induce mixing in their interior, but a population of fast-rotating stars with normal nitrogen abundances at their surface has recently been revealed (Hunter et al.2009; Brott et al.2011, but see Maeder et al.2014). However, as the binary fraction of these stars is unknown, no definitive statements about the ability of single-star evolutionary models including rotation to reproduce these observations can be made. Our work combines for the first time a detailed surface abundance analysis with a radial-velocity monitoring for a sample of bright, fast-rotating Galactic OB stars to put strong constraints on stellar evolutionary and interior models.
Massive star archeology in globular clusters
Authors: Chantereau W. , Charbonnel C. , Meynet G.
Published: January 2015

Globular clusters are among the oldest structures in the Universe and they host today low-mass stars and no gas. However, there has been a time when they formed as gaseous objects hosting a large number of short-lived, massive stars. Many details on this early epoch have been depicted recently through unprecedented dissection of low-mass globular cluster stars via spectroscopy and photometry. In particular, multiple populations have been identified, which bear the nucleosynthetic fingerprints of the massive hot stars disappeared a long time ago. Here we discuss how massive star archeology can be done through the lense of these multiple populations.
Massive OB stars at varying Z
Authors: Herrero A. , Garcia M. , Simón-Díaz S. , Camacho I. , Sabín-Sanjulián C. , Castro N.
Published: January 2015

Massive stars play a key role in environments with very different metallicities. To interpret the role of massive stars in these systems we have to know their properties at different metallicities. The Local Group offers an excellent laboratory to this aim.
OHANA: Eta Carinae's Variability in the Near-IR
Authors: Mehner Andrea , de Wit Willem-Jan , Rivinius Thomas ,   the Paranal VLTI group
Published: January 2015

Near-IR photometry of η Car since 1972 revealed a long-term trend towards hotter temperatures and a cycloidal behavior of its near-IR colors around periastron passages. Both effects are likely triggered by the companion. We used VLTI AMBER observations from 2004–2014 to investigate η Car's variabilities in the near-IR.
The properties of single WO stars
Authors: Tramper F. , Straal S. M. , Gräfener G. , Kaper L. , de Koter A. , Langer N. , Sana H. , Vink J. S.
Published: January 2015

The enigmatic oxygen sequence Wolf-Rayet (WO) stars represent a very late stage in massive star evolution, although their exact nature is still under debate. The spectra of most of the WO stars have never been analysed through detailed modelling with a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium expanding atmosphere code. Here we present preliminary results of the first homogeneous analysis of the (apparently) single WOs.
Massive Star Asteroseismology in Action
Authors: Aerts Conny
Published: January 2015

After highlighting the principle and power of asteroseismology for stellar physics, we briefly emphasize some recent progress in this research for various types of stars. We give an overview of high-precision high duty-cycle space photometry of OB-type stars. Further, we update the overview of seismic estimates of stellar parameters of OB dwarfs, with specific emphasis on convective core overshoot. We discuss connections between pulsational, rotational, and magnetic variability of massive stars and end with future prospects for asteroseismology of evolved OB stars.
Asteroseismology of red giants to constrain angular momentum transport
Authors: Eggenberger P.
Published: January 2015

Asteroseismic data obtained by theKeplerspacecraft have led to the recent detection and characterization of rotational frequency splittings of mixed modes in red-giant stars. This has opened the way to the determination of the core rotation rates for these stars, which is of prime importance to progress in our understanding of internal angular momentum transport. In this contribution, we discuss which constraints can be brought by these asteroseismic measurements on the modelling of angular momentum transport in stellar radiative zones.
Asteroseismic Diagnostics for Semi-Convection in B Stars in the Era of K2
Authors: Moravveji Ehsan
Published: January 2015

Semi-convection is a slow mixing process in chemically-inhomogeneous radiative interiors of stars. In massive OB stars, it is important during the main sequence. However, the efficiency of this mixing mechanism is not properly gauged yet. Here, we argue that asteroseismology of β Cep pulsators is capable of distinguishing between models of varying semi-convection efficiencies. We address this in the light of upcoming high-precision space photometry to be obtained with theKeplertwo-wheel mission for massive stars along the ecliptic.
Are the stars of a new class of variability detected in NGC 3766 fast rotating SPB stars?
Authors: Salmon S. J. A. J. , Montalbán J. , Reese D. R. , Dupret M.-A. , Eggenberger P.
Published: January 2015

A recent photometric survey in the NGC 3766 cluster led to the detection of stars presenting an unexpected variability. They lie in a region of the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram where no pulsation are theoretically expected, in between the δ Scuti and slowly pulsating B (SPB) star instability domains. Their variability periods, between ~0.1–0.7 d, are outside the expected domains of these well-known pulsators. The NCG 3766 cluster is known to host fast rotating stars. Rotation can significantly affect the pulsation properties of stars and alter their apparent luminosity through gravity darkening. Therefore we inspect if the new variable stars could correspond to fast rotating SPB stars. We carry out instability and visibility analysis of SPB pulsation modes within the frame of the traditional approximation. The effects of gravity darkening on typical SPB models are next studied. We find that at the red border of the SPB instability strip, prograde sectoral (PS) modes are preferentially excited, with periods shifted in the 0.2–0.5 d range due to the Coriolis effect. These modes are best seen when the star is seen equator-on. For such inclinations, low-mass SPB models can appear fainter due to gravity darkening and as if they were located between the δ Scuti and SPB instability strips.
Tidal interactions in rotating multiple stars and their impact on their evolution
Authors: Auclair-Desrotour P. , Mathis S. , Le Poncin-Lafitte C.
Published: January 2015

Tidal dissipation in stars is one of the key physical mechanisms that drive the evolution of binary and multiple stars. As in the Earth oceans, it corresponds to the resonant excitation of their eigenmodes of oscillation and their damping. Therefore, it strongly depends on the internal structure, rotation, and dissipative mechanisms in each component. In this work, we present a local analytical modeling of tidal gravito-inertial waves excited in stellar convective and radiative regions respectively. This model allows us to understand in details the properties of the resonant tidal dissipation as a function of the excitation frequencies, the rotation, the stratification, and the viscous and thermal properties of the studied fluid regions. Then, the frequencies, height, width at half-height, and number of resonances as well as the non-resonant equilibrium tide are derived analytically in asymptotic regimes that are relevant in stellar interiors. Finally, we demonstrate how viscous dissipation of tidal waves leads to a strongly erratic orbital evolution in the case of a coplanar binary system. We characterize such a non-regular dynamics as a function of the height and width of resonances, which have been previously characterized thanks to our local fluid model.
Constraints on stellar evolution from white dwarf asteroseismology
Authors: Bischoff-Kim Agnès
Published: January 2015

High mass and low mass stars follow a similar evolution until the inert core phase that follows the end of the core helium burning stage. In particular, one common phase of stellar evolution is the alpha capture reaction that turns carbon into oxygen in the core. We can obtain constraints on this reaction rate by studying the remnants of low mass stars, as this is the ultimate reaction that occurs in their core. We also present results that allow us to test the time dependent calculations of diffusion in dense interiors.
Radiative Levitation in Massive Stars: A self-consistent approach
Authors: D'souza Durand , Weiss Achim
Published: January 2015

In B stars, the transportation of metals such as iron due to radiative levitation is thought to trigger sub-surface convection, which may lead to significant stellar pulsations through the iron-induced kappa mechanism (Pamyatnykh et al. 2004). The main goal of this work is to model the evolution of these stars by treating radiative levitation in an accurate and efficient manner in order to enable rapid asteroseismic analysis using the Opacity Project data and codes (Seaton 2005) with the GARching STellar Evolution Code (Weiss & Schlattl 2008).
Time Resolved Photometric and Spectroscopic Analysis of Chemically Peculiar Stars
Authors: Joshi Santosh , Joshi Gireesh C. , Joshi Y. C. , Aggrawal Rahul
Published: January 2015

Here we present the report on the “Nainital–Cape survey” research project aiming to search for and study the pulsational variability of main-sequence chemically peculiar (CP) stars. For this study, the time-series photometric observations of the sample stars were carried out at the 1.04 m ARIES telescope (India), while the high-resolution spectroscopic and spectro-polarimetric observations were carried out at the the 6.0 m Russian telescope. Under this project, we have recently found clear evidence of photometric variability in the Am star HD 73045, which is likely to be pulsating in nature with a period of about 36 min, hence adding a new member to the family of the δ Scuti pulsating variables that have peculiar abundances.
Stochastic excitation of gravity waves in rapidly rotating massive stars
Authors: Mathis S. , Neiner C.
Published: January 2015

Stochastic gravity waves have been recently detected and characterised in stars thanks to space asteroseismology and they may play an important role in the evolution of stellar angular momentum. In this context, the observational study of the CoRoT hot Be star HD 51452 suggests a potentially strong impact of rotation on stochastic excitation of gravito-inertial waves in rapidly rotating stars. In this work, we present our results on the action of the Coriolis acceleration on stochastic wave excitation by turbulent convection. We study the change of efficiency of this mechanism as a function of the waves' Rossby number and we demonstrate that the excitation presents two different regimes for super-inertial and sub-inertial frequencies. Consequences for rapidly rotating early-type stars and the transport of angular momentum in their interiors are discussed.
Stability boundaries for massive stars in the sHR diagram
Authors: Saio Hideyuki , Georgy Cyril , Meynet Georges
Published: January 2015

Stability boundaries of radial pulsations in massive stars are compared with positions of variable and non-variable blue-supergiants in the spectroscopic HR (sHR) diagram (Langer & Kudritzki 2014), whose vertical axis is 4 log Teff - log g(= log L/M). Observational data indicate that variables tend to have higher L/M than non-variables in agreement with the theoretical prediction. However, many variable blue-supergiants are found to have values of L/M below the theoretical stability boundary; i.e., surface gravities seem to be too high by around 0.2-0.3 dex.
Spectral Effects of Pulsations in Blue Supergiants
Authors: Tomić S. , Kraus M. , Oksala M. E.
Published: January 2015

We have been spectroscopically monitoring a number of blue supergiants, focusing on several strategic photospheric and wind lines. Our aim is to detect line profile variability, and to determine its origin. Here, we present preliminary results for ρ Leo and ε Ori. We conduct an asteroseismic analysis of Hei λ6678. We find in each star multiple periods raging from hours to several days. In addition, we observe strong, night to night variability in Hα.
Is λ Cep a pulsating star?
Authors: Uuh-Sonda J.M. , Eenens P. , Rauw G.
Published: January 2015

It has been proposed that the variability seen in absorption lines of the O6Ief star λ Cep is periodical and due to non-radial pulsations (NRP). We have obtained new spectra during six campaigns lasting between five and nine nights. In some datasets we find recurrent spectral variations which move redward in the absorption line profile, consistent with perturbations on the stellar surface of a rotating star. However the periods found are not stable between datasets, at odds with the NRP hypothesis. Moreover, even when no redward trend is found in a full dataset of an observing campaign, it can be present in a subset, suggesting that the phenomenon is short-lived, of the order of a few days, and possibly linked to transient magnetic loops.
An interferometric journey around massive stars
Authors: Meilland Anthony , Stee Philippe
Published: January 2015

Since the construction in the late nineties of modern facilities such as the VLTI or CHARA, interferometry became a key technique to probe massive stars and their often-complex circumstellar environments. Over the last decade, the development of a new generation of beam combiners for these facilities enabled major breakthroughs in the understanding of the formation and evolution of massive stars. In this short review, we will present few of these advances concerning young stellar objects, binarity, mass loss, and stellar surfaces.
The photosphere and circumstellar environment of the Be star Achernar
Authors: Faes Daniel M. , de Souza Armando Domiciano , Carciofi Alex C. , Bendjoya Philippe
Published: January 2015

Achernar is a key target to investigate high stellar rotation and the Be phenonemon. It is also the hottest star for which detailed photospheric information is available. Here we report our results to determine the photospheric parameters of Achernar and evaluate how the emission of a Viscous Decretion Disk (VDD) around it would be observable. The analysis is based on interferometric data (PIONIER and AMBER at ESO-VLTI), complemented by spectroscopy and polarimetry for the circumstellar emission. For the first time fundamental parameters of a Be photosphere were determined. The presence of a residual disk at the quiescent phase and some characteristics of the new formed disk (2013 activity) are also discussed. This is rare opportunity to precisely determine the stellar brightness distribution and evaluate the evolution of a just formed Be disk.