bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Air Pollution in the Southwestern Part of the Caspian Sea Basin (Based on the Analysis of Sentinel-5 Satellite Data Utilizing the Google Earth Engine Cloud-Computing Platform)
Authors: Tabunshchik Vladimir , Nikiforova Aleksandra , Lineva Nastasia , Drygval Polina , Gorbunov Roman , Gorbunova Tatiana , Kerimov Ibragim , Pham Cam Nhung , Bratanov Nikolai , Kiseleva Mariia
Published: November 2024

The Caspian region represents a complex and unique system of terrestrial, coastal, and aquatic environments, marked by an exceptional landscape and biological diversity. This diversity, however, is increasingly threatened by substantial anthropogenic pressures. One notable impact of this human influence is the rising concentration of pollutants atypical for the atmosphere. Advances in science and technology now make it possible to detect certain atmospheric pollutants using remote Earth observation techniques, specifically through data from the Sentinel-5 satellite, which provides continuous insights into atmospheric contamination. This article investigates the dynamics of atmospheric pollution in the southwestern part of the Caspian Sea basin using Sentinel-5P satellite data and the cloud-computing capabilities of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The study encompasses an analysis of concentrations of seven key pollutants: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), and the Aerosol Index (AI). Spatial and temporal variations in pollution fields were examined for the Caspian region and the basins of the seven rivers (key areas) flowing into the Caspian Sea: Sunzha, Sulak, Ulluchay, Karachay, Atachay, Haraz, and Gorgan. The research methodology is based on the use of data from the Sentinel-5 satellite, SRTM DEM data on absolute elevations, surface temperature data, and population density data. Data processing is performed using the Google Earth Engine cloud-computing platform and the ArcGIS software suite. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of pollutant concentration fields in these regions from 2018 to 2023 and to identify the primary factors influencing pollution distribution. The study’s findings reveal that the Heraz and Gorgan River basins have the highest concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and Aerosol Index levels, marking these basins as the most vulnerable to atmospheric pollution among those assessed. Additionally, the Gorgan basin exhibited elevated carbon monoxide levels, while the highest ozone concentrations were detected in the Sunzha basin. Our temporal analysis demonstrated a substantial influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on pollutant dispersion patterns. Our correlation analysis identified absolute elevation as a key factor affecting pollutant distribution, particularly for carbon monoxide, ozone, and aerosol indices. Population density showed the strongest correlation with nitrogen dioxide distribution. Other pollutants exhibited more complex distribution patterns, influenced by diverse mechanisms associated with local emission sources and atmospheric dynamics.
Analysis of Synergistic Changes in PM2.5 and O3 Concentrations Based on Structural Equation Model Study
Authors: Su Zhangwen , Yang Liming , Chen Yimin , Ni Rongyu , Wang Wenlong , Hu Honghao , Xiao Bin , Luo Sisheng
Published: November 2024

Given the increasing importance of effectively identifying synergistic changes between PM2.5 and O3 and comprehensively analyzing their impact on air quality management in China, we employ the Sen+Mann–Kendall (Sen+M-K) trend test in this study to examine the temporal and spatial variation trends of PM2.5 and O3 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), from 2003 to 2020. We identified the regions where these pollutants exhibited synergistic changes and established the pathways between the pollutants and their potential drivers, using geographically weighted random forest algorithms and structural equation modeling. The study results revealed as follows: (1) Overall, the PM2.5 concentrations show a decreasing trend, while the O3 concentrations exhibit an increasing trend, in the YRD. Analysis of the combined trends indicates that approximately 95% of the area displays opposing trends for PM2.5 and O3, with only about 4% in the southern region showing synergistic trends for both pollutants. (2) Drought and the average temperature are the main drivers of the changes in PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in areas experiencing synergistic changes. Their combined effects alleviate the aggregation of PM2.5 and reduce the formation of VOCs, indirectly reducing the generation of pollutants. The negative effect of the average temperature on the O3 concentration may indicate the existence of nonlinear effects and complex interaction effects between the drivers. NOx and VOCs play important dual roles in the generation and conversion of pollutants, although their overall impact is smaller than meteorological factors. They produce significant indirect effects through their interaction with meteorological and other human factors, further affecting the concentrations of PM2.5 and O3. In areas without coordinated changes, the main impact of meteorological factors remains unchanged, and the relationship between the two anthropogenic emission sources and their effects on PM2.5 and O3 are complex, with different directions and levels involved. This study provides detailed insights into the drivers of air quality changes in the YRD and offers a scientific basis for environmental management authorities to develop more comprehensive and targeted strategies for balancing the control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution.
Dataset for Optical Processes in Dense Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas
Authors: Sakan Nenad M. , Srećković Vladimir A. , Simić Zoran J. , Dechev Momchil
Published: November 2024

The interest in the modeling of laboratory and astrophysical plasma behavior from mid up to strong non-ideality (NI), e.g., plasma in which a Coulomb interaction becomes dominant, led us to further investigate the optical properties of such systems. An expanded set of results and properties like wave functions, dipole matrix elements, etc., for such systems is presented in this submission. The methodologies of our research, as well as the current and future elements of their applications, are explained. In addition to being helpful to other researchers for achieving a variety of goals, the data from this study could be useful the interdisciplinary fields of machine learning, astrochemistry and fusion physics. The dataset is available online at the repository Figshare.
Optimizing Large Language Models for Arabic Healthcare Communication: A Focus on Patient-Centered NLP Applications
Authors: Mohammad Rasheed , Alkhnbashi Omer S. , Hammoudeh Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Recent studies have highlighted the growing integration of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare. These technologies have shown promising outcomes across various healthcare tasks, especially in widely studied languages like English and Chinese. While NLP methods have been extensively researched, LLM applications in healthcare represent a developing area with significant potential. However, the successful implementation of LLMs in healthcare requires careful review and guidance from human experts to ensure accuracy and reliability. Despite their emerging value, research on NLP and LLM applications for Arabic remains limited particularly when compared to other languages. This gap is largely due to challenges like the lack of suitable training datasets, the diversity of Arabic dialects, and the language’s structural complexity. In this study, a panel of medical experts evaluated responses generated by LLMs, including ChatGPT, for Arabic healthcare inquiries, rating their accuracy between 85% and 90%. After fine tuning ChatGPT with data from the Altibbi platform, accuracy improved to a range of 87% to 92%. This study demonstrates the potential of LLMs in addressing Arabic healthcare queries especially in interpreting questions across dialects. It highlights the value of LLMs in enhancing healthcare communication within the Arabic-speaking world and points to a promising area for further research. This work establishes a foundation for optimizing NLP and LLM technologies to achieve greater linguistic and cultural adaptability in global healthcare settings.
Beer with Probiotics: Benefits and Challenges of Their Incorporation
Authors: Santos Diana , Barreiros Luisa , Jesus Ângelo , Silva Ana Luísa , Martins João Paulo , Oliveira Ana Isabel , Pinho Cláudia
Published: November 2024

Beer is considered one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and a potential vehicle for probiotics. However, there are several technical challenges to overcome during the production and storage of beers, as probiotics must remain viable until the moment of consumption. Therefore, this work aims to discuss how the incorporation of probiotics improves or adds value to beer and which variables influence the viability of the process. This is a narrative review of the literature with research in the PubMed, Web of Science, and b-on databases for articles related to the incorporation of probiotics in beer and the variables that influence the process. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of probiotics into beer faces technical challenges such as probiotic selection, pH, the presence of alcohol, and beer’s production and storage temperatures. However, strategies such as immobilizing probiotics in alginate, alginate–silica, and durian husk powder, fermentation with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, and co-fermentation with probiotics permit us to overcome these barriers. Thus, incorporating probiotics into beer brings added value, potentially increasing antioxidant activity and phenolic compound content and providing unique flavors and aromas. Nevertheless, strict control of the technical conditions involved is necessary to ensure probiotic viability and the health benefits they confer.
Adipocyte-Mediated Electrophysiological Remodeling of PKP-2 Mutant Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Morrissette-McAlmon Justin , Chua Christianne J. , Arking Alexander , Wu Stanley Chun Ming , Teuben Roald , Chen Elaine Zhelan , Tung Leslie , Boheler Kenneth R.
Published: November 2024

Background: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disorder responsible for nearly a quarter of sports-related sudden cardiac deaths. ACM cases caused by mutations in desmosome proteins lead to right ventricular enlargement, the loss of cardiomyocytes, and fibrofatty tissue replacement, disrupting electrical and mechanical stability. It is currently unknown how paracrine factors secreted by infiltrating fatty tissues affect ACM cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. Methods: A normal and a PKP2 mutant (c.971_972InsT) ACM hiPSC line were cultivated and differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs). Adipocytes were differentiated from human adipose stem cells, and adipocyte conditioned medium (AdCM) was collected. Optical mapping and phenotypic analyses were conducted on human iPSC-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) cultured in cardiac maintenance medium (CMM) and either with AdCM or specific cytokines. Results: Significant differences were observed in voltage parameters such as the action potential duration (APD80, APD30), conduction velocity (CV), and CV heterogeneity. When cultured in AdCM relative to CMM, the APD80 increased and the CV decreased significantly in both groups; however, the magnitudes of changes often differed significantly between 1 and 7 days of cultivation. Cytokine exposure (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, CFD) affected the APD and CV in both the normal and PKP2 mutant hiPSC-CMs, with opposite effects. NF-kB signaling was also found to differ between the normal and PKP2 mutant hiPSC-CMs in response to AdCM and IL-6. Conclusions: Our study shows that hiPSC-CMs from normal and mPKP2 ACM lines exhibit distinct molecular and functional responses to paracrine factors, with differences in RNA expression and electrophysiology. These different responses to paracrine factors may contribute to arrhythmogenic propensity.
Rhabdomyolysis After Prolonged Tourniquet Application Is Associated with Reversible Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Rats
Authors: Walters Thomas J. , Torres Luciana N. , Ryan Kathy L. , Hainline Robert V. , Lipiec Stephanie M. , Obi Ijeoma E. , Ybarra Jennifer , Niland Casey E. , Xiang Lusha
Published: November 2024

Extremity trauma, including ischemia (e.g., prolonged tourniquet application or crush), is common among battlefield injuries. Injured muscle releases toxins leading to rhabdomyolysis and, potentially, acute kidney injury (AKI). The goal of this study was to characterize sequelae of ischemic extremity injury over 72 h, focusing on time courses of rhabdomyolysis and AKI. Male Sprague Dawley rats were placed into two groups. Ischemic injury was produced in anesthetized rats using bilateral tourniquets (TK; n = 10) for 5 h; control (CON; n = 9) rats were treated identically without TK application. Indicators of rhabdomyolysis and renal function were measured in conscious rats 1 day preinjury (baseline, BL) and then at 1.5, 24, 48, and 72 h post-TK release. Prolonged TK application produced necrosis in both muscle and bone marrow but not in kidney. The wet/dry weights indicated edema in injured limbs at 72 h (4.1 (0.5) (TK) vs. 2.9 (0.1) (CON); p < 0.001). TK rats exhibited a 100-fold increase in creatine kinase activity compared to CON at 1.5 h (20,040 (7265) U/L vs. 195 (86) U/L (mean (SD); p < 0.0001). TK decreased the mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR; p < 0.001) at 1.5 h, but these values recovered by 24 h in concert with elevated urinary flow and alkalinization. Prolonged ischemic extremity injury therefore produced severe rhabdomyolysis without irreversible renal damage.
A Dynamic Interference Detection Method of Underwater Scenes Based on Deep Learning and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Shang Shuo , Cao Jianrong , Wang Yuanchang , Wang Ming , Zhao Qianchuan , Song Yuanyuan , Gao He
Published: November 2024

Improving the three-dimensional reconstruction of underwater scenes is a challenging and hot topic in the field of underwater robot vision system research. High dynamic interference underwater has always been one of the key issues affecting the 3D reconstruction of underwater scenes. However, due to the complex underwater environment and insufficient light, existing target detection algorithms cannot meet the requirements. This paper uses the YOLOv8 network as the basis of the algorithm and proposes an underwater dynamic target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv8. This algorithm first improves the feature extraction layer of the YOLOv8 network, improves the convolutional network structure of Bottleneck, reduces the amount of calculation and improves detection accuracy. Secondly, it adds an improved SE attention mechanism to make the network have a better feature extraction effect; in addition, the confidence box loss function of the network is improved, and the CIoU loss function is replaced by the MPDIoU loss function, which effectively improves the model convergence speed. Experimental results show that the mAP value of the improved YOLOv8 underwater dynamic target detection algorithm proposed in this article can reach 95.1%, and it can detect underwater dynamic targets more accurately, especially small dynamic targets in complex underwater scenes.
Honey Bioactive Molecules: There Is a World Beyond the Sugars
Authors: Bonsignore Gregorio , Martinotti Simona , Ranzato Elia
Published: November 2024

Honey’s many bioactive compounds have been utilized historically to cure infectious diseases. Beneficial effects are its antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-stimulating qualities. The bee species, geographic location, botanical origin, harvest season, processing, and storage conditions all affect honey’s potential for therapeutic use. Honey contains a number of antioxidants and active compounds, such as polyphenols, which have been shown to have disease-preventive properties. Based on their origins, categories, and functions, the main polyphenols found in various honey varieties are examined in this review.
Temperament and the Experience of Tension and Self-Injurious Behaviour in Adolescents—The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Perfectionism
Authors: Chęć Magdalena , Michałowska Sylwia , Gnych-Pietrzak Alicja , Rybarska Albina , Strochalska Klaudia
Published: November 2024

Background: Adolescence is an important point in the emotional development of young people. It is a time when young people are characterised by a high degree of emotional instability and seek effective ways to regulate their emotions. One of the frequent methods they use to cope with emotional tension is self-injurious behaviour. Methods: In the context of the rising incidence of self-harm among adolescents, this study aims to understand the association of temperament with the experience of tension and self-injurious behaviour along with the mediating role of perfectionism among 366 adolescents aged 15 to 20 years (Mage = 17.98, SD = 1.302, 52.7% female). Participants completed questionnaires on temperament traits, level of perfectionism, and experience of tension and self-injurious behaviour. Results: The results show that traits such as perfectionism, sensory sensitivity and emotional reactivity increase the risk of self-injurious behaviour. Maladaptive perfectionism partially mediates the relationship between these traits and the tendency to experience emotional tension. A temperament profile with a protective role was also identified. Conclusions: The results of the study highlight the importance of innate traits as well as environmental and cognitive influences, and may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to self-injurious behaviour and strategies aimed at its prevention.
Concrete Creep Prediction Based on Improved Machine Learning and Game Theory: Modeling and Analysis Methods
Authors: Li Wenchao , Li Houmin , Liu Cai , Min Kai
Published: November 2024

Understanding the impact of creep on the long-term mechanical features of concrete is crucial, and constructing an accurate prediction model is the key to exploring the development of concrete creep under long-term loads. Therefore, in this study, three machine learning (ML) models, a Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine (XGBoost), are constructed, and the Hybrid Snake Optimization Algorithm (HSOA) is proposed, which can reduce the risk of the ML model falling into the local optimum while improving its prediction performance. Simultaneously, the contributions of the input features are ranked, and the optimal model’s prediction outcomes are explained through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The research results show that the optimized SVM, RF, and XGBoost models increase their accuracies on the test set by 9.927%, 9.58%, and 14.1%, respectively, and the XGBoost has the highest precision in forecasting the concrete creep. The verification results of four scenarios confirm that the optimized model can precisely capture the compliance changes in long-term creep, meeting the requirements for forecasting the nature of concrete creep.
The Impact of Big Data on SME Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kgakatsi Mpho , Galeboe Onthatile P. , Molelekwa Kopo K. , Thango Bonginkosi A.
Published: November 2024

Big Data (BD) has emerged as a pivotal tool for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), offering substantial benefits in enhancing business performance and growth. This review investigates the impact of BD on SMEs, specifically focusing on business improvement, economic performance, and revenue growth. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the drivers and barriers of BD adoption in SMEs and assess its overall impact on operational efficiency and business outcomes. A comprehensive systematic review of 93 research papers published between 2014 and 2024 was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The methodology included detailed analysis of research approaches, addressing biases and gaps in the literature. BD adoption in SMEs led to significant improvements in operational efficiency, revenue generation, and competitiveness. However, the studies reveal persistent challenges, such as limited financial resources and technical expertise. The review identified a reporting bias, with 47% of studies using quantitative methods, 28% employing case studies, and mixed-method and qualitative studies underrepresented (22% and 17%, respectively). This imbalance highlights a potential overreliance on quantitative approaches, which may limit the depth of insights gained. While BD offers considerable potential for driving innovation and enhancing competitiveness in SMEs, addressing the current methodological biases and resource-related barriers is crucial to fully harness its benefits. Future research should focus on diverse approaches to provide a holistic understanding of BD’s impact on SMEs.
External Hemipelvectomy in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Are They Still Needed?
Authors: Ramos Pascua Luis Rafael , Casas Ramos Paula , De la Cruz Gutiérrez Lidia , Negri Maximiliano Eugenio , Vilar González Elena , Córdova Peralta Julio César , Mora Fernández María Inmaculada , Vilá y Rico Jesús Enrique
Published: November 2024

Background: The development of new technologies, the interpretation of amputations as therapeutic failures by society, and the high morbidity and mortality associated with external hemipelvectomies make these mutilating surgical procedures appear obsolete. Herein, we review the scientific literature on the topic and present two cases of high-grade ulcerated soft tissue sarcomas in the gluteal region which show exceptional behavior and different outcomes. Methods: We performed a literature review of the PubMed databases from 2014 to April 2024. Additionally, we present two cases of soft tissue sarcomas in an 18-year-old female patient and in a 71-year-old female patient, which were treated with extended external hemipelvectomies with anterior flap, in combination with an abdominoperineal amputation and a colostomy in one case. Results: After 4 years of follow-up, case 1 is living a relatively normal life. She had an uncomplicated pregnancy and a cesarean section delivery. Case 2 underwent emergency surgery for intestinal perforation and sepsis. She died 2.5 months following the surgery. Conclusions: External hemipelvectomy for soft tissue sarcoma treatment is a demanding surgical procedure with purpose in selected cases after review by multidisciplinary committees and with informed patient consent. This should be similarly individualized and extended to other pathologies when possible.
Are All Prognostic Stage IB Breast Cancers Equivalent?
Authors: Yoon Stephanie M. , Wu Shengyang , Schwer Amanda , Glaser Scott , DeWees Todd , Bazan Jose G.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer integrates histology and biomarker status with anatomic extent in breast cancer (BC) pathologic prognostic staging (PPS). However, PPS IB includes anatomic locally advanced hormone-receptor-positive/HER2-negative (LA-HR+/HER2-) and early-stage triple-negative BC (ES-TNBC). Previous research shows that increased nodal involvement is a critical predictor of worse prognosis, raising questions about whether biological subtype or anatomic stage has a greater influence on outcomes in these discordant cases. We hypothesized that overall survival (OS) remains worse for LA-HR+/HER2- BC compared to ES-TNBC, despite both being classified as PPS IB. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified patients with LA-HR+/HER2- BC (pT3N1 or pT1-3N2, grade 1–2) and ES-TNBC (T1N0, grade 2–3) treated between 2004 and 2017. Patients without complete primary tumor stage, biomarker status, grade, TNM staging, or treated with neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. The primary endpoint was OS. Multivariable Cox regression evaluated OS between LA-HR+/HER2- BC and ES-TNBC. Results: Among 45,818 patients (17,359 LA-HR+/HER2- BC and 28,459 ES-TNBC), LA-HR+/HER2- BC had significantly worse 6-year OS (86.1% vs. 90.4%; HR = 1.63; p < 0.0001). Among patients receiving appropriate therapies, patients with LA-HR+/HER2- BC had 35% relatively higher risk of death (HR = 1.35; 1.24–1.48; p < 0.0001). These results highlight that LA-HR+/HER2- breast cancer has worse survival compared to ES-TNBC, despite both being classified as PPS IB and receiving all appropriate treatments. Conclusions: Anatomic disease extent remains an important factor in patients with discordant AS and PPS. Future iterations of PPS should re-classify LA-HR+/HER2- breast cancer from PPS IB to ensure more accurate prognostic and survival information.
Do Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Used Within Radiotherapy Clinical Trials Reflect the Impact of Treatment?
Authors: Fairweather Danielle , Taylor Rachel M. , Allington Laura , Haji Nazima , Fersht Naomi , Chang Yen-Ching , Simões Rita
Published: November 2024

This is the first article that investigates whether the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used in clinical trials effectively capture the specific side-effects of radiotherapy and proton beam therapy (PBT) and provides context for researchers selecting PROMs for clinical trials. PROMs from radiotherapy trials were identified from previous research and assessed against the United Kingdom Royal College of Radiologists’ guidelines for tumour-site-specific side-effects. The analysis revealed that none of the 51 identified PROMs captured the full range of side-effects, with only 25 addressing fatigue and 6 addressing radiation-induced skin reactions. Three PROMs failed to identify any common side-effects, and eight identified only one. Overall, 88% of PROMs lacked specificity to radiotherapy and PBT, posing a risk of missing significant differences between treatment techniques. This study emphasises the need for more targeted PROMs in future trials. Until new or improved PROMs are available, great thought and caution should be taken when selecting PROMs for trial endpoints.
FAAH Inhibition Reverses Depressive-like Behavior and Sex-Specific Neuroinflammatory Alterations Induced by Early Life Stress
Authors: Portugalov Anna , Akirav Irit
Published: November 2024

Early life stress (ELS) increases predisposition to major depressive disorder (MDD), with neuroinflammation playing a crucial role. This study investigated the long-term effects of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on ELS-induced depressive-like behavior and messenger RNA (mRNA) of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and CA1 regions. We also assessed whether these gene expression alterations were present at the onset of URB597 treatment during late adolescence. ELS induced a depressive-like phenotype in adult male and female rats, which was reversed by URB597. In the mPFC, ELS downregulated nuclear factor kappa B1 (nfκb1) in both sexes, while URB597 normalized this expression exclusively in males. In females, ELS downregulated interleukin (il) 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) but upregulated il1β and corticotropin-releasing factor (crf); URB597 normalized il6, il1β, and crf. In the CA1, ELS downregulated il1β and tnfα in males and upregulated il1β expression in females, which was reversed by URB597. Some of these effects began in late adolescence, including mPFC-nfκb1 expression in both sexes, mPFC-il6 and mPFC-il1β in females, CA1-il1β and CA1-tnfα in males, and CA1-il1β in females. These findings highlight URB597 as a therapeutic approach for reversing ELS-induced depressive-like behavior by associating with changes in the gene expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines, with notable sex differences.
Loss of Dnah5 Downregulates Dync1h1 Expression, Causing Cortical Development Disorders and Congenital Hydrocephalus
Authors: Sakamoto Koichiro , Miyajima Masakazu , Nakajima Madoka , Ogino Ikuko , Horikoshi Kou , Miyahara Ryo , Kawamura Kaito , Karagiozov Kostadin , Kamohara Chihiro , Nakamura Eri , Tada Nobuhiro , Kondo Akihide
Published: November 2024

Dnah5 is associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans. Dnah5-knockout (Dnah5−/− mice develop acute hydrocephalus shortly after birth owing to impaired ciliary motility and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) stagnation. In contrast to chronic adult-onset hydrocephalus observed in other models, this rapid ventricular enlargement indicates additional factors beyond CSF stagnation. Herein, we investigated the contributors to rapid ventricular enlargement in congenital hydrocephalus. Dnah5−/− mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. The expression of dynein, N-cadherin, and nestin in the cerebral cortex was assessed using microarrays and immunostaining. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed for gene and protein quantification, respectively. All Dnah5−/− mice developed hydrocephalus, confirmed by electron microscopy, indicating the absence of axonemal outer dynein arms. Ventricular enlargement occurred rapidly, with a 25% reduction in the number of mature neurons in the motor cortex. Dync1h1 expression was decreased, while cytoplasmic dynein levels were 56.3% lower. Levels of nestin and N-cadherin in the lateral ventricular walls decreased by 31.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Reduced cytoplasmic dynein disrupts neurogenesis and axonal growth and reduces neuron cortical density. Hydrocephalus in Dnah5−/− mice may result from cortical maldevelopment due to cytoplasmic dynein deficiency, further exacerbating ventricular enlargement due to CSF stagnation caused by impaired motile ciliary function.
Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Rehabilitation in Children with Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Chiminello Rita , Pellegrino Chiara , Deanesi Noemi , Barone Giulia , Barretta Ida , Paolella Gaia , Capitanucci Maria Luisa , Zaccara Antonio Maria , Sollini Maria Laura , Esposito Giacomo , Lettori Donatella , Della Bella Gessica , Castelli Enrico , Mosiello Giovanni
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction (NBBD) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and acquired brain injury (ABI), a condition considered less frequent in those patients than in children with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to study the relationship between NBBD and disability grade in this population. Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of all patients (aged 3–18 years old) admitted during a three-month observation in our neurorehabilitation department. Data collected were as follows: demographic parameters; disability status (Wee-FIM Scale, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Communication Function Classification System); and gastrointestinal and urological symptoms (diaries, Bristol scale, Pad Test and International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire). Results: Sixty patients were enrolled (31 females, 29 males): 30 CP, 17 ABI, 3 SCI, and 10 others with neurological diseases. All presented urinary incontinence without gender differences. CP and ABI had major incidences of bowel dysfunction (50% and 64.7%, respectively) and SCI of urinary tract infections (66.6%) and enuresis (100%). A major incidence of symptoms was recorded in patients with higher GMFCS levels (level 3-4-5). Conclusions: NBBD has a high frequency in children with CP and ABI, as in SCI. More attention is needed from pediatricians and pediatric urologists for this clinical entity. Further studies are needed to better understand clinical relevance and, therefore, to establish specific management.
Insights from Team Clinic: A Person-Centered Virtual Peer Group Care Model Adapted for Marginalized and Historically Excluded Youth with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: Flores Garcia Jaquelin , Reid Mark W. , Torres Sanchez Alejandra , Ruelas Valerie , Salvy Sarah-Jeanne , Thomas Alex , Ashwal Gary , Fox D. Steven , Raymond Jennifer K.
Published: November 2024

Background: Despite advancements in T1D care regimens, racially and ethnically diverse youth with low income continue to experience worse health outcomes, more psychosocial challenges, and higher barriers to care. Alternative care models are needed to address the needs of this population. Methods: Team Clinic is a person-centered virtual peer group (VPG) care model that was assessed in a 15-month, pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Youth (ages 10–17) and their families were assigned to study arms based on their clinician’s group (standard care or person-centered care, PCC) and then randomized to VPGs or no groups. Results: Data from 79 youth and their families were examined. While positive outcomes were seen across all study groups, youth that participated in Team Clinic (PCC + VPG) reported the largest increases in resilience at the end of the study (+7.42, to 51.63, p = 0.009). These participants also reported the lowest levels of depressive symptoms as assessed by PHQ-8 scores (−5.07, p = 0.002) at the end of the study. Conclusion: Team Clinic can serve as an alternative care model for racially and ethnically diverse youth with T1D and their families. VPGs can provide unique benefits, including an increase in resilience, a decrease in depressive symptoms, and a safe space for families to connect, learn, and receive support.
Identifying and Prioritizing Critical Risk Factors in the Context of a High-Voltage Power Transmission Line Construction Project: A Case Study from Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerakkody Waruna , Rathnayaka Bawantha , Siriwardana Chandana
Published: November 2024

This study addresses critical risk factors in high-voltage power transmission line (HVPTL) construction projects, which are vital components of national energy infrastructure. HVPTL projects are essential for meeting energy needs but are often plagued by risks due to their linear construction nature, leading to project underperformance. However, the lack of attention to risk management often leads to project underperformance. This research aims to identify and rank these risks to facilitate effective risk management. Through literature review and preliminary surveys, 63 risk elements were identified under 14 main categories. These risks were ranked using two rounds of Delphi surveys and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The study focuses on a Sri Lankan HVPTL project. The most critical risk factors identified include “improper planning by the main contractor”, “delays in decision-making by the client/consultant”, “errors in initial costing”, and “inaccuracies in survey data”, with AHP analysis assigning significant weights of 43.9%, 18%, 16%, and 14.9% to these factors, respectively. Comparative analysis with similar studies reveals consistent findings, underscoring the importance of addressing delays in approvals, material unavailability, and construction-quality challenges. These results emphasize the necessity of adopting systematic risk-management techniques in HVPTL projects to mitigate uncertainties and enhance project outcomes.
Verification of Optimal X-Ray Shielding Properties Based on Material Composition and Coating Design of Shielding Materials
Authors: Kim Seon-Chil , Yun Jae-Han , Byun Hong-Sik , Hou Jian
Published: November 2024

Health care workers performing radiography on patients in hospitals typically wear aprons for radiation protection. Protective properties are achieved through a combination of shielding materials and polymers. Various shielding materials are mixed with polymers to prepare composite materials. Numerous methods have been devised to design and alter the composition of these materials to improve the shielding performance of aprons. In this study, the shielding performance was analyzed based on the arrangement of shielding materials, the composition of materials (mixed or single), and the fabrication design of the shielding sheets. Various shielding sheets were created using different arrangements of tungsten oxide, bismuth oxide, and barium sulfate, and their shielding efficacy was compared. The atomic number and density of the shielding material directly affect the shielding property. The effectiveness of the composite sheet increased by more than 5% when positioned close to the X-ray tube. Sheets fabricated from materials separated by type, rather than mixed, exhibited a greater X-ray shielding effectiveness because of their layered structure. Therefore, structural design considerations such as linings, outer layers, and inner layers of protective sheets should be considered for effective shielding in medical institutions.
A Review of the Preparation, Modification, and Applications of Polyetheretherketone Coating
Authors: Chen Yufei , Ni Hongjun , Park Jae-Jun , Lv Shuaishuai
Published: November 2024

The progress of research on the preparation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) coatings is systematically described with emphasis on the three coating preparation methods of thermal spraying, electrophoretic deposition, and melt extrusion coating, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and their main applications are reviewed. At the same time, research into the modification of PEEK coatings is also introduced, including modification using inorganic materials and chemical modification. Finally, the application of PEEK coatings is introduced, and its future development directions are prospected.
Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Dielectric Investigations of Pure and Co-Doped La0.67Sr0.33Mn1-x-yZnxCoyO3 Manganites with (0.00 < x + y < 0.20)
Authors: Mohamed Mansour , Sedky A. , Alshammari Abdullah S. , Khan Z. R. , Bouzidi M. , Alshammari Marzook S.
Published: November 2024

Here, we report the structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of La0.67Sr0.33Mn1-x-yZnxCoyO3 manganite with various x and y values (0.025 < x + y < 0.20). The pure and co-doped samples are called S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, with (x + y) = 0.00, 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20, respectively. The XRD confirmed a monoclinic structure for all the samples, such that the unit cell volume and the size of the crystallite and grain were generally decreased by increasing the co-doping content (x + y). The opposite was true for the behaviors of the porosity, the Debye temperature, and the elastic modulus. The energy gap Eg was 3.85 eV for S1, but it decreased to 3.82, 3.75, and 3.65 eV for S2, S5, and S3. Meanwhile, it increased and went to its maximum value of 3.95 eV for S4. The values of the single and dispersion energies (Eo, Ed) were 9.55 and 41.88 eV for S1, but they were decreased by co-doping. The samples exhibited paramagnetic behaviors at 300 K, but they showed ferromagnetic behaviors at 10 K. For both temperatures, the saturated magnetizations (Ms) were increased by increasing the co-doping content and they reached their maximum values of 1.27 and 15.08 (emu/g) for S4. At 300 K, the co-doping changed the magnetic material from hard to soft, but it changed from soft to hard at 10 K. In field cooling (FC), the samples showed diamagnetic regime behavior (M < 0) below 80 K, but this behavior was completely absent for zero field cooling (ZFC). In parallel, co-doping of up to 0.10 (S4) decreased the dielectric constant, AC conductivity, and effective capacitance, whereas the electric modulus, impedance, and bulk resistance were increased. The analysis of the electric modulus showed the presence of relaxation peaks for all the samples. These outcomes show a good correlation between the different properties and indicate that co-doping of up to 0.10 of Zn and Co in place of Mn in La:113 compounds is beneficial for elastic deformation, optoelectronics, Li-batteries, and spintronic devices.
Long-Term Caregiving Impact and Self-Care Strategies in Family Caregivers of People with Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Vanessa , Cauli Omar , Corchón Silvia
Published: November 2024

Family caregivers of people with neuropsychiatric conditions are at risk of caregiver burden and declining health. The aims of this study were to identify the impact of caring on long-term family caregivers and their unmet needs and to explore their self-care strategies for achieving a successful caregiving experience. A mixed-method study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire in which standardized, self-reported measures of burden, health behaviors, sleep, and mental well-being were administered. Participants were family caregivers of people with neuropsychiatric disorders. Convenience sampling of 28 caregivers: 13 of people with mental health disorders (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) and 15 with Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the analysis of the semi-structured interviews, data saturation was reached. Analysis of self-reported measures indicated that 32.1% of long-term caregivers had high caregiver burden, 64.3% had reduced quality of life, 39.3% had low sleep quality, 21.4% had low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, 50.0% had a physical activity below the recommendation, 42.9% had high anxiety symptoms, 35.7% had high depressive symptoms, and 71.4% had reduced self-care agency. Content analysis and statistical analysis were conducted. Two themes were identified: (1) the impact of long-term caregiving and unmet needs and (2) successful self-care strategies. Caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease spent less time doing physical activity, had higher caregiver burden, and poorer health-related quality of life. The negative impact of caregiving could be prevented/managed by assessing the individual’s circumstances for the development of cross-sectional self-care strategies involving physical, emotional, and social spheres.
Genetic Engineering in Bacteria, Fungi, and Oomycetes, Taking Advantage of CRISPR
Authors: Yang Piao , Condrich Abraham , Lu Ling , Scranton Sean , Hebner Camina , Sheykhhasan Mohsen , Ali Muhammad Azam
Published: November 2024

Genetic engineering has revolutionized our ability to modify microorganisms for various applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. This review examines recent advances in genetic engineering techniques for bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes, with a focus on CRISPR-Cas systems. In bacteria, CRISPR-Cas9 has enabled precise genome editing, enhancing applications in antibiotic production and metabolic engineering. For fungi, despite challenges associated with their complex cell structures, CRISPR/Cas9 has advanced the production of enzymes and secondary metabolites. In oomycetes, significant plant pathogens, modified Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and CRISPR/Cas12a have contributed to developing disease-resistant crops. This review provides a comparative analysis of genetic engineering efficiencies across these microorganisms and addresses ethical and regulatory considerations. Future research directions include refining genetic tools to improve efficiency and expand applicability in non-model organisms. This comprehensive overview highlights the transformative potential of genetic engineering in microbiology and its implications for addressing global challenges in agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.
Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm: A Method for UAV Path Planning
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Shi Guoqing , Zhang Jiandong
Published: November 2024

The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is recognized for its simplicity and ease of implementation, and has become a preferred method for solving global optimization problems due to its adaptability and search capabilities. Despite these advantages, existing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) path planning algorithms are often hindered by slow convergence rates, susceptibility to local optima, and limited robustness. To surpass these limitations, we enhance the application of GWO in UAV path planning by improving its trajectory evaluation function, convergence factor, and position update method. We propose a collaborative UAV path planning model that includes constraint analysis and an evaluation function. Subsequently, an Enhanced Grey Wolf Optimizer model (NI–GWO) is introduced, which optimizes the convergence coefficient using a nonlinear function and integrates the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) algorithm into the model based on the fitness of individual wolves, enabling it to perform dynamic obstacle avoidance tasks. In the final stage, a UAV path planning simulation platform is employed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the original and improved algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed NI–GWO algorithm can effectively solve the path planning problem for UAVs in uncertain environments. Compared to Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), GWO, and MP–GWO algorithms, the NI–GWO algorithm can achieve the optimal fitness value and has significant advantages in terms of average path length, time, number of collisions, and obstacle avoidance capabilities.
Research on the Influence of the Mounting Configuration on the Elastic Characteristics and Energy Dissipation Capacity of Multi-Leaf Springs for Truck Vehicles
Authors: Krason Wieslaw , Bogusz Pawel , Wysocki Jozef
Published: November 2024

This paper presents selected results of experimental tests on multi-leaf springs used in the dependent suspensions of trucks. The main objective of this research was to determine the dissipation energy in the actual spring structure for various methods of mounting the spring in the vehicle supporting system, with quasi-static vertical loading. Two basic methods of spring cooperation in a dependent suspension were tested: a free spring and a spring with a hanger. The experimental test conditions took into account different loading (unloading) speeds and changes in the angle of the hanger in relation to the frame and changes in its length. Based on the results of experimental tests, the elastic characteristics of springs with a hysteresis loop were developed. Load energy and dispersion values were calculated from the curves using the numerical integration method. The test results are presented in the form of elastic characteristics of springs with a hysteresis loop and comparative diagrams of load and dissipation energy. The original aspects of this work include the design, the construction of the stand and the methodology of experimental tests of the multi-leaf springs together with a comparative analysis of the test results and conclusions.