bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Schoolchildren’s Abstract Thinking in Teaching Basic Programming
Authors:   Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Lokalov Vladimir Anatolyevich , Mironov Andrei Sergeyevich ,   Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
Published: February 2020

The study considers the problem of schoolchil-dren’s abstract thinking development in teaching the Basic Programming course within the system of children’s additional education. The relevance of the problem is related to the need for generation of stu-dents’ professional approach to program design. The study presents a method for assessing the level of abstract thinking development which allows to identify the relationship between typical students’ mistakes in writing programs and the stages of their conceptual thinking development according to Lev Vygotsky’s theory (syncretes, complexes and real concepts). The potential of the given method is shown through the examples related to the devel-opment of “abstract data type” concept, the correct formation of which is a necessary condition for a programmer’s systems thinking. The paper provides methodological recommendations on abstract think-ing development, which were elaborated during teaching the Basic Programming course at the Chil-dren and Youth Computer Center of the Saint Pe-tersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics.
Math Teaching Practices in the Context of Students’ Individual Educational Paths
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Sharmina Tamara Nikolayevna , Sharmin Valentin Gennadyevich ,   Tyumen State University
Published: February 2020

The research substantiates the need to study and analyze current math teaching practices in terms of students’ individual educational paths. The study describes the structure of educational programs developed at Tyumen State University in this regard. The research examines math learning system created in the period of transition to new programs. The study describes the content-related problems of mathematics courses and their teaching arrangements, for example, the use of project-based learning and information technology. The research identifies problems related to teaching mathematics based on new programs. The reasons include stu-dents’ unwillingness to take responsibility for their learning content and learning arrangements and their low motivation to learn mathematics. Sev-eral solutions to the problems are outlined.
Cognitive Markers of Civic Identity of Crimean Residents
Authors:   Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University, Senchenko Natalia Anatolyevna
Published: February 2020

The paper deals with the aspects of civic identity of Crimean residents. The author argues that the Cri-means are characterized by a high level of Soviet, Russian, and regional identity. Their civic identity is implemented through the cognition, values, mean-ings and actions of a person. The study examines the cognitive component of civic identity, i.e. Crime-an residents’ perceptions of their citizenship. Based on the research results, the author identifies the main areas for improvement of civic identity in the Republic of Crimea: state symbols, national histori-cal symbols and archetypes, active citizenship, for-mal belonging to the state, and moral qualities. The research identifies the prevailing focus on state and national historical symbols, low formalization of attitude to the motherland, and high moral potential of the Crimeans in the structure of their civic identity.
The Development of Training Activity Components by Means of Primary Schoolchildren’s Anxiety Correction
Authors:   Penza State University, Eliseeva Zhanna Mikhailovna , Ledovskikh Irina Aleksandrovna ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2020

The paper discusses the features of the anxiety manifestation in primary schoolchildren and meth-ods for its correction. The views of Russian and foreign scholars on the emergence and development of school anxiety are set out. The authors present an empirical study of existence and features of anxiety manifestation in first-graders of one of the educa-tional organizations in Penza. It has been argued that the level of schoolchildren anxiety defines the success of their training activity. The research re-veals significant differences between the school students with low and high anxiety concerning such training activity components as goal setting, educa-tional actions, control, evaluation. The authors pre-sent program on measuring and psychological cor-rection of schoolchildren anxiety and improving the level of development of training activity and prove its efficiency.
The Development of Ecological Thinking of Secondary School Students by Means of Education Innovation Cluster
Authors:   Southern Ural State University of Humanities and Education Science, Vasilenko Yelena Anatolyevna , Ryabinina Natalia Pavlovna , Simatova Marina Yuryevna , Solodkova Marina Ivanovna ,   Chelyabinsk Institute of Proficiency Enhancement of Educators
Published: February 2020

The study deals with a project on the development of students’ ecological thinking and the improve-ment of their environment-focused social activity. To achieve this goal, an education innovation clus-ter has been developed. The cluster is characterized by unified resources of secondary general, second-ary vocational, and higher educational institutions; the environmental focus of training programs and studying Ecology on an integrated and supplemen-tary basis; following the curriculum of secondary education and vocational education in the field of green building at the same time. The project pro-poses that the curriculum of secondary general and vocational education might be integrated on the basis of a secondary school. To green education, it is necessary to involve students in an in-depth study of natural sciences, introduce Ecology, and include topics related to the development of stu-dents’ ecological thinking in a number of syllabi. The project presents the methods and techniques of engaging students in environment-focused social activity. The problems are solved through the crea-tion of the education innovation cluster, which in-cludes a secondary school, a research and educa-tional center at this school, and several secondary vocational and higher educational institutions.
Analysis Concept of Spiritual and Moral Environment in an Educational Institution in the Russian Didactics
Authors:   Zaoksky Christian Institute of Humanities and Economics, Gilmidinova Tatiana Viktorovna
Published: February 2020

The paper theoretically analyses the elaboration and hierarchy of the terms “space” and “environment” in philosophical and pedagogical research. It identi-fies characteristics of the resembling concepts of environment and space; reveals the interdisciplinary character and main didactic characteristics of the term “environment”, its relations with other phe-nomena of the process of character education. The paper deepens the understanding of the term “edu-cational environment" and describes its potential, shows its interrelation with the terms “educational space”; it formulates the concepts of spiritual and moral development of a child and spiritual and moral environment in an educational institution. The au-thor describes the key features of a beneficial moral environment in the secondary school; identifies and summarizes both general and specific substantial components of this kind of environment and sum-marizes the principles of its construction in the con-text of the humanistic paradigm. The paper stresses the importance of creating moral and spiritual envi-ronment for personal development of a child.
FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY OF 'FLORIDA KING' PEACHES SUBJECTED TO FOLIAR CALCIUM CHLORIDE SPRAYS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Owais , Muhmood Atif , Ihtisham Muhammad , Ur Rahman Mati , Amjad Noor , Sajid Muhammad , Riaz Khawar , Ali Asghar
Published: February 2020

Peach fruit and trees are prone to various issues, regarding yield, quality and pest attack. Calcium plays several roles in plant and fruit development. Therefore the current study was conducted to evaluate the response of peach fruit to foliar application. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors factorial arrangement and three replicates. Calcium chloride was applied at the rate of 0, 1, 2 and 3%. The foliar application of calcium was done at pink bud stage, berry size fruit stage, and then at pit hardening stage of peach. The obtained resulted indicated that foliar application of calcium significantly improved peach fruit quality and yield. The highest fruit weight (142.6 g), yield tree–1 (15.6 kg), ascorbic acid content (6.67 mg‧100 g–1), total soluble solids (11.0°Bx), fruit juice pH (3.98), sugar to acid ratio (45.1), fruit firmness (3.90 kg‧cm–2) and fruit volume (155.6 cm3) was obtained with the application of 3% solution of calcium chloride at pit hardening stage but it significantly reduced the percent titratable acidity (0.3%) and disease incidence (5.8%). It was concluded that 3% calcium chloride applied at the pit hardening stage significantly boosted peach quality and fruit yield.
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC CULTIVATION PATTERN ON TOMATO PRODUCTION: PLANT GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS, QUALITY, DISEASE RESISTANCE, AND SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Feng Xu , Xu Yongqing , Liu Dan , Peng Lina , Dong Jiamin , Yao Shukuan , Feng Yanzhong , Feng Zhe , Li Fenglan , Hu Baozhong
Published: February 2020

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the world’s most important cultivated vegetable. In the traditionalcultivation methods, the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers leads to an imbalance of nutrient elements in the soil, an increase in pests and diseases and a decrease in vegetable quality and yield. In the face of increasingly serious environmental and food problems, organic agriculture is considered to be an effective solution. In this experiment, the effects of organic cultivation patterns on the growth, quality, disease resistance in tomatoes, and the physical and chemical properties of soil were studied by different treatments. The results showed that the application of effective microorganisms (EM) bio-organic fertilizer in the cultivation process can significantly improve the yield, quality, and antioxidant enzyme activity of tomato. The use of straw mulching was found to significantly increase the growth, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, and soluble sugar content of tomatoes. The application of EM bio-organic fertilizer or straw mulching significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzyme and the expression of LeCHI gene in tomato leaves and enhanced tomato resistance to diseases. Organic production practices were found to significantly improve the soil.
EFFECTS OF OXYFERTIGATION AND PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ON GREENHOUSE LETTUCE GROWN IN PERLITE
Authors: Öztekin Gölgen Bahar , Tüzel Yüksel
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of oxygen enrichment of nutrient solution coupled with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on soilless grown iceberg lettuce (cv. ‘Papiro’) production. Seeds were treated with Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, P. fluorescens, P. punonensis and combined application of B. subtilis + P. fluorescens and were sown into vermicompost : peat (1 : 1.5, v/v) mixture on January 14th, 2015. After germination in growth chamber, seedlings were moved to a greenhouse for seedling growing till they were ready for planting. Seedlings were transplanted to the polyethylene greenhouse 35 days after sowing. Perlite as growing medium was used in open-system soilless culture. Nutrient solution was aerated with an air compressor and applied to plants 2 days after planting with drip irrigation. To diffuse oxygen into nutrient solution in large bubbles, a circular air-stone commonly used in fisheries was used. The nutrient solution without oxyfertigation and plants not treated with bacteria constituted the control treatment. Experiments were conducted in randomized plots design with 2 factors and 3 replications. Heads were harvested 2 months after transplanting. Yield and head quality parameters of head were determined. It was concluded that oxygen enrichment of nutrient solution through a compressor (aeration) provided increases in yield and plant growth. Especially root development, head size and leaf number were higher in plants grown with aerated nutrient solution. Among the tested bacteria, B. subtilis, P. fluorescens and B. subtilis + P. fluorescens were found promising due to the their higher performance under aerated conditions on greenhouse lettuce grown in perlite.
Expediente
Authors: Martin Gabriela , Kern Arno , Bueno Lucas
Published: February 2020

Expediente
Expediente
Authors: Revista de Arqueologia Editores
Published: February 2020

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Normas editoriais
Authors: Revista de Arqueologia Editores
Published: February 2020

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First-Generation College Students
Authors: Stoll Elizabeth Buffy
Published: February 2020

First-generation students’ transitions are particularly important to their success in college. Though attention to and support for first-generation students on college campuses have increased in recent decades, these efforts remain campus-centric, encouraging first generation students to assimilate to the culture and values of post-secondary education. These efforts lack recognition of students’ ties to their homes and families. A holistic recognition of and support for first-generation students’ transitions and negotiations between the disparate worlds of home and school could further promote their success both inside and outside the classroom. This scholarly article asserts that practitioners and students will benefit from more purposefully recognizing the role that the world of home plays in first-generation students’ transitions and experiences. The author presents a review of the literature, a discussion of the importance of first-generation students’ connections to home, and recommendations for practice, specifically centered around first-generation student transitions.
A Student Parent Assistance Pilot Program for Incoming Associate Degree Students
Authors: Hudesman John , Millet Nicholas , Clay Dorie
Published: February 2020

This Student Parent Assistance Pilot Program engaged family members to support their students in adapting to the academic challenges of entering college. Materials were constructed so that family members did not have to be knowledgeable in the course content in order to assist their students. Outcomes indicated that participating students and their family members had a more positive view of the program than did a non-participating comparison student group. A student vignette is used to illustrate the students’ positive view of the program.
Leadership Based Camps
Authors: Duvall David , Phillips Karen
Published: February 2020

Extended Orientation programs, as outlined by NODA (National Orientation Directors Association), are programs that supplement traditional new student orientation and provide an extension of the orientation and transition process. The two programs explained in this article use the ”camp” model for extended orientation programs, and both are optional programs in which students can choose to participate. Typically, camp models are based on a specific leadership model or specific experiential education component, and they are often successful when students are taken to an off-campus retreat setting for a few days and nights.
Student Veterans
Authors: Darcy Monica G. , Powers John T.
Published: February 2020

This article explores advantages and obstacles student veterans face in transitioning to an academic setting. Focus groups were conducted with student veterans to explore their interactions with students, faculty, and administrators. Emergent themes included advantages such as maturity, focus, and strength of camaraderie with fellow student veterans. The primary obstacle was difficulty blending in with civilians. These themes are discussed as they compared to previous research and for ways that ongoing dialogue with our student veterans can enhance supportive practices.
Learning to Leap
Authors: Mixson-Brookshire Deborah , Foote Stephanie M. , Brookshire Donald
Published: February 2020

This article describes the effect of participation in experiential activities in a first-year seminar on students’ perceptions of self-esteem and academic performance in their first semester at Kennesaw State University. Findings suggest that student participants had greater levels of self-esteem and achieved higher grade point averages than their peers who were in first-year seminars that were not experientially oriented. The article concludes with strategies for instructors to use to purposefully incorporate experiential learning into a first-year seminar.
“Bridges to Nowhere”
Authors: Mitchell Donald
Published: February 2020

While institutions continue to use and develop summer bridge programs (SBPs), the influences of SBPs remain unclear. The purpose of this current note is to highlight existing literature on SBPs for historically underrepresented students and provide recommendations for building and sustaining successful SBPs.
Characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment modality of pediatric patients with cystic echinococcosis: a single centre experience
Authors: Kaman Ayşe , Tanır Gönül , Çakmakçı Emin , Demir Pervin , Öz Fatma Nur , Teke Türkan Aydın , Metin Özge , Gayretli-Aydın Zeynep Gökçe , Karaman Ayşe
Published: February 2020

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is among the most common zoonotic infections worldwide. Studies about CE are limited in childhood. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of childhood CE at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Medical records of children with CE were analyzed between January 2005 and January 2015. A total of 130 patients with a median age of 10.4 years (IQR= 7.2-years-13.2 years) were evaluated. The anatomic locations of cysts were as follows; liver (76.9%), lung (36.9%), spleen (6.2%), pelvic region (3.8%) and kidney (2.3%). The most common symptoms were abdominal pain and cough in the patients with liver cysts and lung cysts, respectively. The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test positivity was 58%. Elevated serum total immunoglobulin E levels were detected in 59% of the patients. Fourty-four patients with liver CE, 33 patients with lung CE were treated surgically and 23 patients with liver CE were treated with percutaneous aspiration, injection and re-aspiration (PAIR) along with medical treatment. The recurrence was observed in five patients with liver CE. It was demonstrated that CE mainly involves liver but lung cysts are more frequently symptomatic and prone to be complicated than liver cysts in children. IHA test positivity together with abdominal ultrasonography are useful to diagnose liver CE but thorax CT is usually needed to diagnose lung CE. Liver cysts that are sized greater than 5 cm are more frequently treated with PAIR or surgery but smaller liver cysts can be treated medically.
The effect of 2000 ıu/day vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk parameters in vitamin D deficient obese adolescents
Authors: Bilici Meliha Esra , Erdeve Şenay Savaş , Çetinkaya Semra , Aycan Zehra
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the vitamin D deficiency prevalence in obese adolescents and to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk parameters in obese adolescents with vitamin D deficiency. Ninety-six obese adolescents aged 10-18 years were divided in 2 groups according to their vitamin D levels: Deficient group ( < 12ng/ ml) and sufficient group (≥12ng/ml). All patients in the vitamin D deficiency group were recommended 2000IU/day vitamin D supplementation. Fifty four (56.3%) patients had vitamin D deficiency. The only difference between the two groups was PTH level which was higher in the vitamin D deficiency group. Vitamin D reached sufficient levels in 22 (95.6%) out of the 23 patients with the 3 month supplementation of 2000 IU/day vitamin D. There was a significant decrease in weight Standard Deviation Score (SDS), Body Mass Index (BMI) SDS, hip circumference, total cholesterol, LDL, HbA1c, AST, PTH and interleukin-6 while no significant change was seen in measurements of glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, C-peptide and the rate of metabolic syndrome. There were decreases in levels of total cholesterol and LDL with vitamin D treatment, while there was no significant change in insulin resistance. Vitamin D reduced interleukin-6 levels by its antiinflammatory effect.
An infant with intradural extramedullary synovial sarcoma: the youngest case in the literature
Authors: Yalçın Koray , Tüysüz Gülen , Kazan Saim , Gürer Elif İnanç , Karaali Kamil , Küpesiz Alphan , Güler Elif
Published: February 2020

Spinal cord involvement of synovial sarcoma is extremely rare. So far only two cases have been reported. Herein we describe the youngest case in the literature. She is 14-month-old and first presented with difficulty in walking ongoing for a week. Imagining showed a spinal cord mass at C5-T3 levels. The patient had gone under Decompressive surgery and histopathologic examination of the specimen revealed the presence of synovial sarcoma. Although the tumor regressed after chemotherapy, she was lost due to viral pneumonia. Synovial sarcoma should be kept in mind while evaluating spinal tumors even in infantile group.
Antihipercolesterolemia Effects and Acute Toxicity Test of Pheophytin on Green Tea
Authors: Kusmita Lia , Puspitaningrum Ika
Published: February 2020

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol in the blood. Pheophytin is the result of degradation of chlorophyll which is the dominant pigment in green tea, and has been shown to have the same antioxidant properties as - carotene. This study aims to determine the antihypercholesterolemia effect and effective dose of pheophytin isolates and acute toxicity tests to determine the safety level of pheophytin isolates.

Antihipocolesterolemia test uses induction of high-fat feed that is a mixture of standard food, pork oil and quail egg yolk (16: 3: 1). While the acute toxicity test is carried out based on OECD 423, Clinical symptoms that arise for 3 hours are observed intensively. Histopathological examination data of liver and kidney organs were performed on day 14. Data obtained in the form of LD 50 and clinical symptoms that arise as well as histopathological results were analyzed qualitatively.

Statistical test results of percent reduction in total cholesterol levels showed a significant difference between the negative control group and the pheophytin isolates of the three doses. This proves that pheophytin isolates can have antihypercholesterolemic effect with an effective dose of 10 mg/kgBW. Histopathological examination results of aorta and liver of rats showed that the higher the dose of pheophytin isolates, the lighter the degree of fatty acid. While the toxicity test results showed that the LD50 value of pheophytin isolates was more than 2000 mg / kgBW (non-toxic category). However, pheophytin isolate with LD50 is more than 2000 mg/kgBW which has shown the presence of pancreatic degeneration and hydropic degeneration, but necrosis has not occurred yet.
La historia en la escuela secundaria en Argentina a inicios del siglo XXI: hacia un nuevo código disciplinar
Authors: Gonzalez María Paula
Published: February 2020

Desde fines del siglo XIX y durante gran parte del siglo XX, la historia escolar en Argentina tuvo una impronta civilizatoria, nacionalista, fáctica, y libresca. En los últimos treinta años, se registran nuevas regulaciones educativas y sucesivas variaciones curriculares, intensas transformaciones del sistema educativo en su conjunto e importantes mutaciones culturales y comunicativas. Frente a este panorama, ¿hacia dónde va la Historia como disciplina escolar? Para responder esta pregunta, el artículo analiza los objetivos, los contenidos y las actividades actuales de la enseñanza de la Historia en el nivel secundario en Argentina. A través del análisis de fuentes áulicas, normativas y pedagógicas se dará cuenta de elementos dominantes, emergentes, latentes, residuales y perennes. En conjunto, el trabajo dará cuenta de la construcción de un nuevo código disciplinar para esta disciplina que enfatiza lo crítico y lo plural, lo conceptual, procesual, problematizador y explicativo, y la formación de lectores y escritores de diversos soportes y lenguajes.
El aprendizaje servicio como metodología para la enseñanza de la Historia y el patrimonio local
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Raimundo A. , Gutiérrez Sánchez Marta
Published: February 2020

El aprendizaje servicio es una metodología innovadora que comienza a tener relevancia. Consiste en formar a estudiantes en valores cívicos, que sean capaces de poner en práctica sus destrezas para afrontar problemas sociales. En el ámbito de la enseñanza de la Historia y el patrimonio, puede devenir en una metodología alternativa, englobada en las estrategias de indagación y técnicas cooperativas, en la que los estudiantes tengan un papel activo. Sin embargo, este tipo de métodos, con ser harto interesantes, no suelen redundar en algo útil para la sociedad. El aprendizaje servicio puede suplir algunas carencias en los modelos formativos que vienen utilizándose, al aportar una colaboración activa entre entidades educativas y colectivos sociales que se ocupan de problemas que afectan al contexto donde vive el alumnado.
Así pues, se propone que, para una mejor enseñanza de la historia en niveles educativos iniciales, estudien los problemas de conservación del patrimonio de su entorno próximo y el paisaje en que se ubica. En este texto se hace una propuesta para que los estudiantes del grado en educación primaria de la Universidad de Murcia (España) analicen la historia y el patrimonio local, colaborando con asociaciones cívicas que promueven la conservación de un patrimonio que suelen desconocer.
La construcción de la Base Nacional Común Curricular (BNCC) de Historia en Brasil: entre diálogos, tensiones y controversias
Authors: Cerri Luis Fernando , Costa Maria Paula
Published: February 2020

Brasil vive un turbulento momento político que tuvo su primer auge con el golpe jurídico-parlamentario contra la presidenta Dilma Rousseff. Mismo con un proceso en curso de inestabilidad política y económica se da continuidad a una serie de propuestas en el campo educativo, entre las que se inserta la construcción de una Base Nacional Común Curricular. El objetivo de este texto es problematizar como algunos historiadores se posicionan frente a la publicación, en 2015, de la primera versión de la Base Nacional Común Curricular para el componente Historia. Las disputas y conflictos ocurrieron, pues la BNCC proponía una remodelación en las narrativas históricas enfatizando la Historia de Brasil y sus orígenes amerindias y africanas balizando el lugar de la historia antigua y medieval. Las críticas que siguieron a la publicación de este documento preliminar no se restringieron al espacio de las universidades y de las asociaciones representativas, pero involucraron a los editores y autores de libros didácticos, políticos conservadores, religiosos fundamentalistas y periodistas sensacionalistas.  Este artículo analiza una muestra de textos académicos y periodísticos que estructuraron el debate y propone un análisis preliminar de los argumentos utilizados y su relación con las posturas político-académicas, identificando posibles categorías para futuros análisis de contenido.
Narrativas históricas de los jóvenes: Una cara de su orientación temporal
Authors: Gomes Barca Oliveira Maria Isabel
Published: February 2020

Desde fines del siglo XIX y durante gran parte del siglo XX, la historia escolar en Argentina tuvo una impronta civilizatoria, nacionalista, fáctica, y libresca. En los últimos treinta años, se registran nuevas regulaciones educativas y sucesivas variaciones curriculares, intensas transformaciones del sistema educativo en su conjunto e importantes mutaciones culturales y comunicativas. Frente a este panorama, ¿hacia dónde va la Historia como disciplina escolar? Para responder esta pregunta, el artículo analiza los objetivos, los contenidos y las actividades actuales de la enseñanza de la Historia en el nivel secundario en Argentina. A través del análisis de fuentes áulicas, normativas y pedagógicas se dará cuenta de elementos dominantes, emergentes, latentes, residuales y perennes. En conjunto, el trabajo dará cuenta de la construcción de un nuevo código disciplinar para esta disciplina que enfatiza lo crítico y lo plural, lo conceptual, procesual, problematizador y explicativo, y la formación de lectores y escritores de diversos soportes y lenguajes.
Santiago Robledo Páez, Escribir una autobiografía en el Nuevo Reino de Granada: estudio sobre las Observaciones curiosas y doctrinales de Joseph Ortiz y Morales. Bogotá: ICANH, 2018. 172 p.
Authors: Cruz Medina Juan Pablo
Published: February 2020

Durante décadas la práctica historiográfica se ha basado, fundamentalmente, en una relación hermenéutica con ese pasado que se instituye como su objeto de estudio. A partir de dicha asociación, la “escritura de la historia” ha pretendido descifrar los hechos pasados imponiéndoles categorías que permitan reducirlos de tal forma que puedan ser objeto de un riguroso análisis. La historia, entendida como escritura de los hechos del pasado (Rerum Gestarum), se convirtió así en “la ciencia de los hombres en el tiempo”[1], una disciplina científica cifrada en la pretensión de verdad. Gracias a esto el binomio “historia” / “literatura” se constituyó como antítesis, a partir de la tajante separación entre “verdad” y “ficción”, dando forma desde el siglo XIX a los límites disciplinares de lo que Michel de Certeau denomina como la “operación historiográfica”[2]. Pero, ¿qué es literatura y qué es historia? ¿Podemos realmente aplicar estas categorías ─incubadas en el siglo XIX─ a los textos producidos en los siglos XVI, XVII, y XVIII? Estas cuestiones encierran el problema al que Santiago Robledo Páez hace frente en el recientemente publicado Escribir una autobiografía en el Nuevo Reino de Granada: estudio sobre las Observaciones curiosas y doctrinales de Joseph Ortiz y Morales.
 
[1] Acojo aquí la definición otorgada por Marc Bloch en su ya clásica Apologie pour L’Histoire. Véase: Marc Bloch, Introducción a la Historia (México: FCE, 2000), 31 – 32.
[2] Michel de Certeau, La escritura de la Historia (México: UIA, 2006), 67 – 118.
Historia a enseñar, historia enseñada e historia aprendida. Posibilidades investigativas en el campo de la Educación Histórica en Iberoamérica
Authors: Ibagón Martín Nilson Javier , Miralles Martínez Pedro
Published: February 2020

El presente dosier se ha trazado como objetivo principal socializar resultados de investigación recientes, en el ámbito iberoamericano, en torno a la problematización y comprensión de las relaciones que se dan entre la cultura histórica y la cultura escolar al momento de definir y entender los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la historia. Aunque se inscriben en contextos nacionales diversos (Perú, Venezuela, Brasil, España, Argentina, Uruguay y Colombia), los hallazgos y las propuestas teóricas y prácticas de los académicos cuyos textos conforman este número temático permiten identificar retos y posibilidades comunes alrededor del fortalecimiento de la Educación Histórica en Iberoamérica; tarea que en este contexto es indispensable a la hora de estructurar acciones concretas que permitan afrontar y superar los diversos intentos de debilitamiento curricular al que ha sido sometida la enseñanza de la historia –entendida como saber escolar– durante las últimas décadas.
Kontribusi Pelatihan Berkisah Tema Keislaman Kepada Kompetensi Guru dan Siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Hidayat Bahril , Utami Dian Tri
Published: February 2020

Kualitas guru Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) atau Raudhatul Athfal (RA) yang profesional akan menentukan perkembangan anak usia dini. Guru juga harus memiliki kreativitas dan seni yang mendidik sebagai bentuk keahlian dalam mengajar. Belajar yang diharapkan sesuai dengan karakteristik anak usia dini, yaitu belajar melalui bermain atau bermain sambil belajar. Bercerita merupakan salah satu yang termasuk ke dalam kegiatan bermain. Artikel ini berisikan hasil penelitian jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan 5 orang responden yang mengungkapkan bahwa teknik berkisah meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam mengajar. Peningkatan kompetensi khusus lainnya yang diperoleh guru setelah mengikuti pelatihan teknik berkisah adalah peningkatan kompetensi moral dan semakin peka untuk memahami tahap perkembangan anak, khususnya perkembangan bahasa anak. Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan Kompetensi Keislaman pada guru dan anak didik dengan cara guru mengangkat atau memilih kisah-kisah nyata nabi dan rasul dalam memberikan teknik berkisah kepada siswa atau peserta didik anak usia dini.

Kata Kunci: Teknik Berkisah, Kompetensi Guru, Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini
A Study of Gas Diffusion Characteristics on Nano-Structured Ceramic Membranes
Authors: Ogunlude Priscilla , Abunumah Ofasa , Gobina Edward
Published: February 2020

The use of membranes for gas upgrading has increasingly become of interest as it has shown great potential for efficient and affective gas purification and a pathway to green energy. The emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has detrimental effects on the economy in terms of global warming which has led to many natural disasters, heat waves, food shortage, loss of life and property. To combat this, studies of capturing and utilizing greenhouse gases are ongoing. In this paper, the study of biogas components (methane and carbon dioxide) diffusion through membranes are studied to employ its use as a solution for the challenge. The study involved the use of membranes of different pore sizes (15, 200 and 6000nm) to ascertain the flow characteristics and regime of the gases under different operating conditions. Single gas permeation tests were conducted, and the results show the flow of gases is dependent on factors including molecular weight, kinematic diameter and viscosity of the gas components. It was observed that pressure has a greater influence on the gas flow through membranes compared to temperature with the effect of pore size having the greatest impact. The flux of methane through the membrane is greater than that of carbon dioxide in regular pore geometry and depicts a greater potential for upgrading of biogas.
Using a Fast Elitist Non-Dominated Genetic Algorithm on Multi-Objective Programming for Quarterly Disaggregation of the Gross Domestic Product
Authors: Essessinou Raïmi Aboudou , Degla Guy
Published: February 2020

This research paper we use a fast elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm to solve the new approach that we propose to quarterly disaggregating of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by multiobjective programming. Thus, the quarterly disaggregation of the GDP is described as a quadratic multiobjective programming problem that generalizes Denton’s proportional method. The proposed approach has the advantage reduce to one the number of optimization programs to be solved. Our proposed method can be applied to the national accounts of any country that has adopted the National Accounting System. The simulation results are compared to those obtained using Denton’s proportional method and these results revealed the overall performance of the multiobjective programming approach for the quarterly disaggregation of GDP. Our approach is more suitable for taking into account the links between branches of national accounts, in terms of volumes and prices of products demanded during the production process. Also, it reduces forecast error and volatility of quarterly GDP. Besides, it is worth noting that our method is a usfull step for data processing such as chain-linked measures, overlap growth techniques, seasonal adjustment and calendar effects adjustment, in time series and econometrics analysis.
Free radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity study of fermented oats (Avena sativa)
Authors: Veena Sunderam  , Sathak Sameer Shaik Mohammed  , Yasasve Madhavan  , Manojj Dhinakaran  , Shobana Sampath  , Nirmala Patteswaran  , Lakshmi Thangavelu  , Ansel Vishal Lawrence
Published: February 2020

Oats (Avena sativa) is a cereal crop of utmost significance with rich therapeutic and nutritive value. Bioactive substances like tocopherols, phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols, beta-glucan, and avenanthramides present in Avena sativa significantly contribute towards its medicinal action. The current research study aims to assess the antioxidant and anti-cancer efficiency of fermented (FO) and non-fermented (NFO) samples of Avena sativa.  In vitro anticancer studies on oats were assessed using colon malignant growth cell lines (HT29) by MTT assay. In vitro studies revealed that fermented and non-fermented oats displayed higher antioxidant activity, having a corresponding IC50 value of 201.03 µL and 236.46 µL, respectively. The cancer cell death percentage at 250 μg/mL concentration ranged between 58.19% and 51.85%, respectively.
Nieliniowy wpływ korupcji na poziom rozwoju gospodarczego
Authors: Pluskota Anna
Published: February 2020

Przedmiot badań: Problem wpływu korupcji na gospodarkę mimo wielu badań naukowych nie jest jednoznacznie rozstrzygnięty przez naukowców. Rozbieżności pojawiają się już na poziomie określenia samego kierunku wpływu, ponieważ w literaturze uznane są argumenty przemawiające zarówno za negatywnym, jak i pozytywnym oddziaływaniem korupcji na rozwój gospodarczy czy przedsiębiorczość. Negatywne skutki korupcji wiążą się m.in. z nieefektywnością wykorzy­stania dostępnych zasobów w wyniku korupcji, zaś pozytywne skutki korupcji występują, gdy ko­rupcja jest rozwiązaniem na inną niedoskonałość gospodarki, np. biurokrację, w takim przypadku korupcja sprzyja rozwojowi gospodarczemu.

Cel badawczy: Poniższy artykuł stanowi głos w dyskusji na temat oddziaływania korupcji na gospodarkę. Przeprowadzono badanie nad alternatywnym sposobem pomiaru oddziaływania ko­rupcji na rozwój gospodarczy. Na podstawie analizy literatury zbudowano hipotezę o nielinio­wym charakterze wpływu korupcji na poziom rozwoju gospodarczego, a następnie podjęto próbę empirycznej weryfikacji tej hipotezy.

Metoda badawcza: Do weryfikacji tej hipotezy wykorzystano właściwości funkcji kwadratowej i logarytmicznej. Przeprowadzono badanie ekonometryczne na danych panelowych z wykorzy­staniem wybranych zmiennych. Do tego celu użyto modeli panelowych z efektami stałym i efek­tami losowymi.

Wyniki: Badania wykazały, że zależność nieliniowa między zmiennymi faktycznie występuje. Stanowi to niewątpliwie wartość dodaną zaprezentowanych badań. Wnioski z badań wyjaśnia­ją przyczynę szybkiego rozwoju gospodarczego w przypadku państw skorumpowanych, które rozpoczęły walkę z korupcją. W przypadku tych państw wprowadzenie podstawowych zmian w nadzorze nad funkcjonariuszami publicznymi skutkuje znacznym ograniczeniem korupcji na najniższych szczeblach władzy, przez co szybko zwiększa się drobna przedsiębiorczość, do tej pory ograniczana przez koszty korupcji. Stopniowe zwiększanie skali działań antykorupcyjnych przynosi coraz mniejsze efekty, a jednocześnie wymaga zwiększania nakładów finansowych na walkę z korupcją. W tym przypadku pozytywne efekty są dostrzegalne w dłuższym okresie.
Conditions for the development of employee representation in corporate governance in European countries
Authors: Rudolf Stanisław
Published: February 2020

Background: Employee representation in corporate governance bodies already has an established position in European countries. It refers to the two-tier model of governance, with the supervisory board and management board rather than the one-tier model with a board of directors. The development of such representation is influenced by the EU authorities implementing long-term processes to harmonize solutions in member states. Such representation has also been developed in the Nordic countries under the influence of democratization processes. However, in several countries, the processes of limiting such representation can be observed, and this is related to the political conditions (the strengthening of right-wing parties) and a difficult economic situation caused by the 2008 financial crisis.

Research purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify factors that affect changes in the scope of such representation, as well as to determine their effectiveness based on selected case studies.

Methods: In order to achieve the research objective, a critical analysis of the subject literature and appropriate legal regulations was used. The analysis covered, among others, texts published in renowned journals concerning industrial relations (European Journal of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Journal), while problems from the legal perspective (Journal of Comparative Law Study) were also analyzed.

Conclusion: It can generally be stated that conditions in recent decades have fostered the development or strengthening of employee representation in corporate governance bodies. The attempts to harmonize employee representation in governance made by the EU authorities should be assessed positively, although their formal results are relatively modest and are limited primarily to the European Company Statute. Positive changes can also be observed in the Nordic countries, where the existing conditions, including primarily the democratization processes, forced the modification of the one-tier model by creating the possibility of including employee representation on the board of directors. At the same time, pressure can be observed in many countries to limit or eliminate employee representation in governance.
Budżetowe, społeczne i gospodarcze znaczenie podatku od towarów i usług w Polsce
Authors: Szymański Waldemar
Published: February 2020

Przedmiot badań: Obowiązujący w Polsce podatek od towarów i usług został skonstruowa­ny i wprowadzony do systemu podatkowego w latach 90-tych ubiegłego wieku, tj. w okresie transformacji gospodarczej. Ówczesne uwarunkowania gospodarcze sprzyjały wdrażaniu instru­mentów przyspieszających tempo przechodzenia od gospodarki uspołecznionej do gospodarki rynkowej. W okresie obowiązywania był poddany licznym nowelizacjom celem dostosowania go do warunków gospodarki rynkowej, zasad wynikających z współczesnych teorii podatkowych czy implementowania umów międzynarodowych oraz prawa wspólnotowego. Konsekwencją licznych zmian podatkowych jest erozja prawa podatkowego, wzrost kosztów podatkowych oraz niestabilność. Z tego względu zarówno praktycy, jak i przedstawiciele świata nauki wskazują na potrzebę reformy systemu podatkowego, a zatem także podatku od towarów i usług. W tym kontekście zasadne jest podjęcie rozważań, co do określenia jego znaczenia w wymiarze budże­towym, społecznym i gospodarczym.

Cel badawczy: Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu określenie znaczenia podatku od towarów i usług w ujęciu budżetowym, gospodarczym i społecznym. W związku z powyższym sformułowano tezę badawczą, zgodnie z którą podatek od towarów i usług stanowi istotne źródło wpływów budżeto­wych, natomiast jego charakter czyni go efektywnym instrumentem interwencji państwa w życie społeczne i gospodarcze. Dyskurs prowadzony jest w powiązaniu z prezentacją funkcji podatków w gospodarce rynkowej, koncepcją państwa oraz właściwościami tego podatku. Wykorzystując dane statystyczne, określono znaczenie badanego podatku jako źródła wpływów budżetowych. Po­średni charakter podatku wykorzystano jako determinantę jego znaczenia w ujęciu społecznym, natomiast jego gospodarcze znaczenie zostało przedstawione w oparciu o stymulacyjny charakter.

Metoda badawcza: W opracowaniu zastosowano metodę analizy aktów prawnych, piśmiennic­twa w powiązaniu z metodą dedukcji.

Wyniki: Podatek od towarów i usług stanowi istotne źródło dochodów budżetowych państwa oraz w ograniczonym zakresie może być wykorzystywany jako instrument interwencji państwa w procesy gospodarcze oraz społeczne.
Podstawy wykonywania pracy według projektu kodeksu pracy z 2018 r.
Authors: Jaśkowski Kazimierz
Published: February 2020

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem badań jest projekt kodeksu pracy, przedstawiony do publicznej wiadomości w marcu 2018 r., sporządzony przez Komisję Kodyfikacyjną Prawa Pracy powołaną rozporządzeniem Rady Ministrów z 9 sierpnia 2016 r., Dz.U., poz. 1366. Nie został on skierowa­ny do parlamentu.

Cel badawczy: Analiza proponowanych podstaw prawnych wykonywania pracy zarobkowej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem umów o pracę i ich rodzajów, a także sankcji za zastosowanie nie­właściwej podstawy wykonywania pracy.

Metoda badawcza: Analiza dogmatycznoprawna proponowanej ustawy z nawiązaniem do obec­nego brzmienia kodeksu pracy.

Wyniki: Projekt kodeksu pracy ustanawia zasadę, że praca zarobkowa (to pojęcie nie zostało zde­finiowane) może być wykonywana (poza wyjątkami ustanowionymi w ustawie) tylko w formach prawnych w nim przewidzianych (art. 1 § 2). Sklasyfikowane są one jako zatrudnienie – które dzieli się na zatrudnienie pracownicze (czyli w ramach stosunku pracy) i niepracownicze – oraz jako sa­mozatrudnienie, w którym wyróżniona jest grupa osób samozatrudnionych ekonomicznie zależnych.
Pełne i produktywne zatrudnienie – miraż czy realny cel? Kilka uwag w kontekście zmiany technologicznej
Authors: Surdykowska Barbara
Published: February 2020

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem analizy jest wpływ zmiany technologicznej na przyszłość pracy. Autorka odwołuje się do analiz zawartych w literaturze, dotyczących wpływu między innymi sztucznej inteligencji na świat pracy. Szczególna uwaga poświęcona jest kwestii potencjalnego bezrobocia technologicznego. Zmiana technologiczna będzie prowadzić do polaryzacji rynku pracy poprzez zanikanie miejsc pracy dla osób o średnim poziomie kwalifikacji i osób o średnich zarobkach.

Cel badawczy: Celem opracowania jest odniesienie się do zachodzących procesów zmiany technologicznej w kontekście wyzwań, jakie przyniesie w obszarze wynagrodzeń, konieczności zwiększenia poziomu kształcenia ustawicznego czy zwiększenia intensyfikacji pracy (poprzez automatyzację zadań powtarzalnych).

Metoda badawcza: Tekst opiera się w większości na analizie literatury z obszaru socjologii i ekonomii pracy.

Wyniki: Zarysowana perspektywa bezrobocia technologicznego wymaga rozszerzenia klasycz­nej debaty, która odbywa się w środowisku polskich naukowców zajmujących się prawem pracy i prawem ubezpieczeń społecznych o kilka obszarów. Po pierwsze, brakuje nam rozbudowanych analiz dotyczących koncepcji dochodu podstawowego. Drugi obszar dotyczy szerokiego spek­trum zagadnień związanych z „dzieleniem się pracą”. Gdy w obecnych realiach społeczno-ekono­micznych praca w dużej mierze stanowi podstawowy czynnik budowania kontaktów międzyludz­kich, uzyskiwania poczucia spełnienia czy samorealizacji, w sytuacji strukturalnego braku pracy, należy zastanowić się nad jej bardziej równomierną dystrybucją. Wydaje się, że prawo pracy musi przekształcić się w prawo „okresu przejścia” jako zbiór regulacji dotyczących szeroko rozumianego okresu przejściowego, związanego ze zmianą technologiczną czy zmianą klimatyczną. Byłyby to regulacje skoncentrowane na nabyciu i, co kluczowe, utrzymaniu przez uczestników rynku pracy zdolności do pracy i innych aktywności społecznie użytecznych.