bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(De-)Activating the growth machine for redevelopment: The case of Liede urban village in Guangzhou
Authors: Guo Youliang , Zhang Chengguo , Wang Ya Ping , Li Xun
Published: October 2017

This research investigates the mechanism of urban village redevelopment in south China. Through a revised typology of place entrepreneurs based on the growth machine thesis and a case study of Liede village in central Guangzhou, it illustrates how land-based interests embedded in an imbalanced power relationship can (de-)activate urban village redevelopment. The study reveals that while urban villagers, as represented by the village collective, have entrenched interests in the redevelopment process, the city government – as monopolistic land manager and place entrepreneur – plays the deciding role in forging and halting a growth machine geared towards urban village redevelopment. Although developers are also part of the process, the (de-)activation of redevelopment growth machine/coalition in Guangzhou has largely been dominated by the city government. With a comparative view on the original growth machine model, it is hoped that this study would furnish both theoretical and practical thoughts for future research.
Usability for Social Justice: Exploring the Implementation of Localization Usability in Global North Technology in the Context of a Global South’s Country
Authors: Acharya Keshab Raj
Published: October 2017

As a discipline and a set of practices, technical communication focuses on designing technical products through the effective implementation of usability to facilitate users in performing tasks with speed, accuracy, and satisfaction. This article proposes that designers in the Global North should consider the effective localization usability implementation in their products or systems so that social justice can be promoted in the Global South’s countries that import such products from the Global North. Using a purposeful sampling research method, this article shares findings from a study, emphasizing that technical products developed through participatory localization for usability might be in a better position to be used for promoting social justice and human rights in resource-constrained settings. The article discusses the implications of the findings, suggesting that northern products should be designed according to the usability expectations of local users in the Global South so that the North–South divide can be, at least, narrowed, if not eliminated.
Does the Listener Matter? The Effects of Capitalization on Storytellers’ Evaluations of Travel Memories
Authors: Tung Vincent Wing Sun , Cheung Catherine , Law Rob
Published: October 2017

Despite existing studies on memorable tourism experiences that often involve interpersonal sharing, the broader question of how a listener could influence tourists’ memories, including their evaluations of posttravel experiences and destination image, remains relatively unexplored. Interpersonal sharing with a listener could elicit a process called capitalization in which an individual (re)constructs details of an experience to make it more memorable. To address this gap, this research examines the effects of capitalization on travel memories (study 1), and the influence of listener responsiveness on tourists’ destination image (study 2). This research reinforces the notion that separating the act of remembering from the act of sharing is difficult and contributes to research on the malleability of travel memories by highlighting the influence of the listener’s feedback in shaping tourists’ memorable experiences. This research also provides relevant implications for tourism practitioners involved in service experiences and tourist relationship building.
Residents’ Place Satisfaction and Place Attachment on Destination Brand-Building Behaviors: Conceptual and Empirical Differentiation
Authors: Chen Ning (Chris) , Dwyer Larry
Published: October 2017

Place attachment has become a popular concept in tourism and environmental psychology. However, little research has explored its role in predicting place-related behaviors, compared to alternative place-related constructs such as place satisfaction. This article clarifies the differential impacts of place satisfaction and place attachment on a series of residents’ place-related behaviors (i.e., destination brand-building behaviors), providing empirical evidence from a quantitative survey study. A sample of 358 residents from Sydney, Australia, was included for partial least square (PLS) based structural equation modeling testing. Results of a number of model testing suggest that compared with place satisfaction, dimensions of place attachment affect residents’ destination brand-building behaviors differently in a unique pattern. Place satisfaction strongly predicts residents’ intention to stay or leave, while place attachment more strongly influences residents’ word of mouth, ambassador behavior, and participation in tourism planning for a destination.
The Effect of Tour Leaders’ Emotional Intelligence on Tourists’ Consequences
Authors: Tsaur Sheng-Hshiung , Ku Pi-Shen
Published: October 2017

There has been little discussion on the impact of tour leaders’ emotional intelligence on tourists’ consequences although the study of emotional intelligence has gained attention in the tourism industry. Empirical data to assess emotional intelligence, affect, rapport, and customer satisfaction were collected from 54 tour leaders and 526 tour members participating in group package tours in Taiwan. Cross-level analysis with hierarchical linear models revealed that a tour leaders’ emotional intelligence could cultivate tour members’ positive affect and tour leader–member rapport, and lead to tourists’ satisfaction. Furthermore, the study discusses management implications and suggestions for future research.
‘It just seemed like your normal domestic violence’: ethnic stereotypes in print media coverage of child abuse in New Zealand
Authors: Maydell Elena
Published: October 2017

Child abuse in New Zealand is a matter of ongoing concern for the government, public officials, health practitioners and wider society, with most information on the issue coming from mass media, which have played an influential role in forming public opinion. This study investigates the coverage of serious child abuse between November 2007 and November 2009 in three largest New Zealand newspapers: The New Zealand Herald, The Dominion Post and The Press. The analysis of 205 articles shows that three-quarters of the data described severe physical abuse and/or death, and one-quarter described sexual abuse. More than half of all media pieces (56%) represented reporting of ‘crime stories’, such as police and court reports, in addition to statistical data, recommendations and critique (44%). Two cases of Nia Glassie and the Kahui twins’ deaths were sensationalised by the media and were described or mentioned in 63 articles altogether. The dominant construction of child abuse as a ‘Māori issue’ was achieved through individual framing, focused on the personalities of the perpetrators and their inferred innate characteristics, such as being prone to violence and dysfunctional by nature, which were further generalised to Māori society as a whole.
Home on the move: negotiating differential domesticity in family life at a distance
Authors: Cabalquinto Earvin Charles
Published: October 2017

This article examines the ways in which 21 Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) in Melbourne, Australia, and their left-behind family members in the Philippines use mobile media to re-stage, experience and negotiate home. Based on deploying in-depth interviews and visual methods, the findings show the reconstruction of a sense of dwelling through mobile devices. This transformation is shaped by the performance of ritualistic practices, gender roles and socioeconomic conditions. The study also uncovers how mediated mobilities are undermined by social structures and uneven technological infrastructures, paving the way for unstable, exclusionary and ambivalent experiences. Hence, members of the transnational Filipino family often negotiate such challenges by deploying various tactics to ensure that ties are maintained. By unravelling the differential and constrained mobile practices of the transnational Filipino family in forging a sense of at-homeness, the article attends to a critical conception of domesticity in the age of smartphones and mobile phone applications.
Trans* policy, politics and research: The UK and Portugal
Authors: Hines Sally , Santos Ana Cristina
Published: October 2017

This article explores law and social policy regarding trans* activism amongst trans* and non-binary social movements, and academic research addressing trans* in the UK and Portugal. In considering different possibilities for theorising gender diversity, this article positions a politics of difference and embodied citizenship as fruitful for synergising the issues under discussion. The authors consider recent law and policy shifts around gender recognition in each country and examine the gaps and the connections between policy developments, activism and research around trans*. Though each country has divergence in terms of the history of trans* activism and research, the article identifies significant similarities in the claims of activist groups in the UK and Portugal and the issues and questions under consideration in academic research on trans* and non-binary.
A combination antioxidant therapy to inhibit NOX2 and activate Nrf2 decreases secondary brain damage and improves functional recovery after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Chandran Raghavendar , Kim TaeHee , Mehta Suresh L , Udho Eshwar , Chanana Vishal , Cengiz Pelin , Kim HwuiWon , Kim Chanul , Vemuganti Raghu
Published: October 2017

Uncontrolled oxidative stress contributes to the secondary neuronal death that promotes long-term neurological dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Surprisingly, both NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) that increases and transcription factor Nrf2 that decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) are induced after TBI. As the post-injury functional outcome depends on the balance of these opposing molecular pathways, we evaluated the effect of TBI on the motor and cognitive deficits and cortical contusion volume in NOX2 and Nrf2 knockout mice. Genetic deletion of NOX2 improved, while Nrf2 worsened the post-TBI motor function recovery and lesion volume indicating that decreasing ROS levels might be beneficial after TBI. Treatment with either apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor) or TBHQ (Nrf2 activator) alone significantly improved the motor function after TBI, but had no effect on the lesion volume, compared to vehicle control. Whereas, the combo therapy (apocynin + TBHQ) given at either 5 min/24 h or 2 h/24 h improved motor and cognitive function and decreased cortical contusion volume compared to vehicle group. Thus, both the generation and disposal of ROS are important modulators of oxidative stress, and a combo therapy that prevents ROS formation and potentiates ROS disposal concurrently is efficacious after TBI.
Trajectories of Loneliness and Aggression From Childhood to Early Adolescence in Taiwan: The Roles of Parenting and Demographic Predictors
Authors: Hsieh Yi-Ping , Yen Lee-Lan
Published: October 2017

This study examines three parenting behaviors (support, involvement, and harsh control) in predicting children’s loneliness and aggression across developmental transitions to adolescence in a Taiwanese sample. Two cohorts ( n = 4,990) were followed for 5 years: a younger cohort (first-graders, 51.5%) and an older cohort (fourth-graders). Multilevel modeling for change across time was used to examine the baseline and rate of change of child outcomes. Overall, loneliness decreased and aggression increased across time. Maternal involvement predicted less loneliness at the baseline and a faster decreasing rate of loneliness. Harsh control predicted more aggression and support predicted less aggression at the baseline. Girls showed a faster increasing rate of aggression and slower declining rate of loneliness than boys. The findings highlight the need to identify effective parenting behaviors for loneliness and aggression with acknowledgment of cultural beliefs, and address girls’ aggression. Implications for prevention/intervention in children’s social functioning problems were discussed.
Predictive Influence of Executive Functions, Effortful Control, Empathy, and Social Behavior on the Academic Performance in Early Adolescents
Authors: Zorza Juan P. , Marino Julián , Acosta Mesas Alberto
Published: October 2017

In this study, we explored the predictive role of behavioral measures of Executive Functions (EFs) and a self-report measure of Effortful Control (EC) on the academic performance of early adolescents. We also analyzed the mediating role of self-reported empathy and social behavior rated by peers (i.e., prosocial behavior and social preference) and by the lead teacher (i.e., social competence). A sample of 244 adolescents aged between 12 and 13 years participated in the study. The resulting structural equation model indicated that EFs and EC predict academic performance in a complementary and independent way. Results also confirmed the mediating role of empathy and social behavior. The final model explained 64% of academic performance. We discuss the appropriateness of obtaining complementary measures of EFs and EC in predictions of academic performance as well as the importance of introducing activities involving self-regulation, empathy, and socioemotional skills in the school setting.
Childhood Adversity and Early Age Sexual Activity in Taiwan: Gender Differences
Authors: Strong Carol , Chang Ly-Yun
Published: October 2017

The experience of childhood family adversity may affect adolescent sexual behavior, yet the variation in the types of adversities is unknown. We analyzed data from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey. In 2007, 18,995 students aged 18 years retrospectively reported the age of first sexual activity and the experiences of childhood adversities. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association of childhood adversities with the timing of first sexual occurrence. Parental psychopathology and parental death had significant associations with first sex to occur during periods before age 12, ages 12 to 15, and ages 15 to 18. The impact of some types of adversities on sexual behavior started as early as elementary school, but others influenced children’s sexual behavior at a later stage. Parental separation/divorce showed a stronger association with early onset of sex activity for females, that is, sexual debut before age 12.
The Feasibility of Sophisticated Multicriteria Support for Clinical Decisions
Authors: Dolan James G. , Veazie Peter J.
Published: October 2017

Background. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are well-suited to serve as the foundation for clinical decision support systems. To do so, however, they need to be appropriate for use in busy clinical settings. We compared decision-making processes and outcomes of patient-level analyses done with a range of multicriteria methods that vary in ease of use and intensity of decision support, 2 factors that could affect their ease of implementation into practice. Methods. We conducted a series of Internet surveys to compare the effects of 5 multicriteria methods that differ in user interface and required user input format on decisions regarding selection of a preferred method for lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study sample consisted of members of an online Internet panel maintained by Fluidsurveys, an Internet survey company. Study outcomes were changes in preferred option, decision confidence, preparation for decision making, the Values Clarification and Decisional Uncertainty subscales of the Decisional Conflict Scale, and method ease of use. Results. The frequency of changes in the preferred option ranged from 9% to 38%, P < 0.001, and rose progressively as the level of decision support provided by the MCDM method increased. The proportion of respondents who rated the method as easy ranged from 57% to 79% and differed significantly among MCDM methods, P = 0.003, but was not consistently related to intensity of decision support or ease of use. Conclusion. Decision support based on MCDM methods is not necessarily limited by decreases in ease of use. This result suggests that it is possible to develop decision support tools using sophisticated multicriteria techniques suitable for use in routine clinical care settings.
Perceiving and reasoning about liquids using fully convolutional networks
Authors: Schenck Connor , Fox Dieter
Published: October 2017

Liquids are an important part of many common manipulation tasks in human environments. If we wish to have robots that can accomplish these types of tasks, they must be able to interact with liquids in an intelligent manner. In this paper, we investigate ways for robots to perceive and reason about liquids. That is, a robot asks the questions What in the visual data stream is liquid? and How can I use that to infer all the potential places where liquid might be? We collected two data sets to evaluate these questions, one using a realistic liquid simulator and another using our robot. We used fully convolutional neural networks to learn to detect and track liquids across pouring sequences. Our results show that these networks are able to perceive and reason about liquids, and that integrating temporal information is important to performing such tasks well.
Grasp Pose Detection in Point Clouds
Authors: ten Pas Andreas , Gualtieri Marcus , Saenko Kate , Platt Robert
Published: October 2017

Recently, a number of grasp detection methods have been proposed that can be used to localize robotic grasp configurations directly from sensor data without estimating object pose. The underlying idea is to treat grasp perception analogously to object detection in computer vision. These methods take as input a noisy and partially occluded RGBD image or point cloud and produce as output pose estimates of viable grasps, without assuming a known CAD model of the object. Although these methods generalize grasp knowledge to new objects well, they have not yet been demonstrated to be reliable enough for wide use. Many grasp detection methods achieve grasp success rates (grasp successes as a fraction of the total number of grasp attempts) between 75% and 95% for novel objects presented in isolation or in light clutter. Not only are these success rates too low for practical grasping applications, but the light clutter scenarios that are evaluated often do not reflect the realities of real-world grasping. This paper proposes a number of innovations that together result in an improvement in grasp detection performance. The specific improvement in performance due to each of our contributions is quantitatively measured either in simulation or on robotic hardware. Ultimately, we report a series of robotic experiments that average a 93% end-to-end grasp success rate for novel objects presented in dense clutter.
Promotion of breastfeeding in Poland: the current situation
Authors: Królak-Olejnik Barbara , Błasiak Ilona , Szczygieł Anna
Published: October 2017

Objective

Exclusive breastfeeding is safe and beneficial for healthy infants; it is the optimal feeding method during the first 6 months of life. Infants should be complementary fed in conjunction with breastfeeding until 12 months of age or longer. The aim of the present study was to analyse the duration of breastfeeding through 12 months of age.

Methods

Participants were 1679 women from 42 randomly selected hospitals in Poland. The data were obtained from surveys, including a paper and pencil interview that was conducted after mothers delivered in the hospital and before discharge. Computer aided telephone interviews were administered at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months.

Results

There was a high rate of initiating breastfeeding after birth (97%), a rapid abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding (43.5% at 2 months, 28.9% at 4 months and 4% at 6 months) and an onset of formula feeding during the first days of life, which is contrary to current recommendations.

Conclusions

It is necessary re-educate mothers, medical staff who care for mothers and children during the perinatal period, and other specialists.
Hackers against technology: Critique and recuperation in technological cycles
Authors: Maxigas
Published: October 2017

I offer an interpretation of hackers’ technological choices through a theoretical framework of critique and recuperation in technological cycles, building on prior research that brings the pragmatic sociology of Boltanski and Chiapello to bear on matters in Science and Technology Studies. I argue that contextualizing technology choices in the development of capitalism through innovation illuminates their political significance. I start with the counterintuitive observation that some browser extensions popular with hackers, like RequestPolicy, make it considerably harder for them to look at websites. This observation showcases the Luddite aspects of hackerdom, in that they are willing to ‘break’ popular websites that would otherwise cheat on the user. In line with an undercurrent of hacker studies, in this case study I find hackers fighting technological progress they see as social decline.
The diverse geographies of mixed-ethnicity couples
Authors: Tindale Alexander , Klocker Natascha
Published: October 2017

The geographical distribution of mixed-ethnicity (or mixed-race) couples is an important indicator of the spatial dimensions of cultural ‘mixing’ in a given society. A small number of studies have mapped the residential geographies of mixed-ethnicity couples, revealing distinctive residential patterns that differ from those of each partner’s respective ethnic group. Most such analyses have adopted broad pan-ethnic or racial categories (e.g. ‘black-white’, ‘white-Asian’). The Australian Census – which eschews broad racial categories – provides an opportunity to explore the unique residential geographies of different ‘types’ of mixed-ethnicity couples . Using customised 2011 Census data, this paper maps the residential geographies of diverse mixed-ethnicity couples in Australia’s most populous cities: Sydney and Melbourne. We focus on couples where one partner nominated ‘Anglo-European’ ancestry and the other nominated one of five ‘minority’ ancestries. Our findings highlight the value in disaggregating the coarse pan-ethnic or racial groupings adopted in some existing studies, and prescribed in some national censuses. The residential geographies of mixed-ethnicity couples challenge established perspectives on urban ethnic landscapes. As these couples grow in number, particularly in immigrant societies, they have the potential to fundamentally reshape established ethnic residential geographies away from patterns of residential segregation. Fine-grained analyses such as ours provide scope to explore the myriad directions in which these shifts will unfurl. They also provide a starting point for better understanding the preferences and pressures that shape the residential geographies of diverse mixed-ethnicity couples.
Changing PM2.5 concentrations in China from 1998 to 2014
Authors: Li Guangdong , Sun Siao
Published: October 2017

Ambient particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) has been reported as a major pollutant that threatens human health, decreases visibility, and affects the regional and global climate. China, which is among world's most polluted countries of PM2.5, is faced with a severe challenge for PM2.5 mitigation. However, a lack of long-term PM2.5 concentration data on a large spatial scale has hindered comprehensive understanding of spatial and temporal variations of PM2.5 concentrations. Based on the satellite-derived PM2.5 concentration data, we generated maps of PM2.5 concentrations at county level in China. The cartogram and spatial analyst tool in ArcGIS 10.2 are used to visualize the changing temporal and spatial patterns of PM2.5 concentrations.
Comparative visualizations of transport networks in Calgary using shortest-path trees
Authors: Allen Jeff J
Published: October 2017

Three maps are generated to visually compare the structure of transport networks, differences in travel times, and critical travel pathways for three travel modes in Calgary, Canada. The maps also highlight how the fractal-like structure of these urban transport networks are visually similar to natural phenomena.
Cranial parasympathetic activation induces autonomic symptoms but no cluster headache attacks
Authors: Guo Song , Petersen Anja Sofie , Schytz Henrik Winther , Barløse Mads , Caparso Anthony , Fahrenkrug Jan , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Ashina Messoud
Published: October 2017

Background

Low frequency (LF) stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) may increase parasympathetic outflow and provoke cluster headache (CH) attacks in CH patients implanted with an SPG neurostimulator.

Methods

In a double-blind randomized sham-controlled crossover study, 20 CH patients received LF or sham stimulation for 30 min on two separate days. We recorded headache characteristics, cephalic autonomic symptoms (CAS), plasma levels of parasympathetic markers such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and mechanical detection and pain thresholds as a marker of sensory modulation.

Results

In the immediate phase (0–60 min), 16 (80%) patients experienced CAS after LF stimulation, while nine patients (45%) reported CAS after sham ( p = 0.046). We found no difference in induction of cluster-like attacks between LF stimulation (n = 7) and sham stimulation (n = 5) ( p = 0.724). There was no difference in mechanical detection and pain thresholds, and in PACAP and VIP plasma concentrations between LF and sham stimulation ( p ≥ 0.162).

Conclusion

LF stimulation of the SPG induced autonomic symptoms, but no CH attacks. These data suggest that increased parasympathetic outflow is not sufficient to induce CH attacks in patients.

Study protocol

ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02510729
Gender aspects of CGRP in migraine
Authors: Labastida-Ramírez Alejandro , Rubio-Beltrán Eloísa , Villalón Carlos M , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette
Published: October 2017

Background

Migraine is two to three times more prevalent in women than in men, but the mechanisms involved in this gender disparity are still poorly understood. In this respect, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology and, more recently, the functional interactions between ovarian steroid hormones, CGRP and the trigeminovascular system have been recognized and studied in more detail.

Aims

To provide an overview of CGRP studies that have addressed gender differences utilizing animal and human migraine preclinical research models to highlight how the female trigeminovascular system responds differently in the presence of varying ovarian steroid hormones.

Conclusions

Gender differences are evident in migraine. Several studies indicate that fluctuations of ovarian steroid hormone (mainly estrogen) levels modulate CGRP in the trigeminovascular system during different reproductive milestones. Such interactions need to be considered when conducting future animal and human experiments, since these differences may contribute to the development of gender-specific therapies.
Ontologies of Blame and the Cultural Value of Accountability
Authors: Dewey Susan , Wesely Jennifer K. , Epler Rhett , Connolly Catherine , Zare Bonnie , Bratton Rosemary
Published: October 2017

Uniting the perspective of narrative psychology with feminist and narrative criminology, we analyzed interviews with 58 formerly incarcerated women. We identified four distinct ontologies of blame that the women used to characterize the events, actors, and circumstances that resulted in their incarceration. We argue that these four ontologies of blame—personal responsibility, socioeconomic exclusion, relational caregiving associations, and compromised decision-making—each derive from the dominant U.S. cultural value of accountability that accords great social, moral, and personal weight to accepting responsibility for, and expressing willingness to endure the consequences of, wrongdoing. Our findings suggest that academics and therapeutic practitioners could assist the formerly incarcerated women with whom they work by encouraging a critique of dominant cultural values; by expanding accountability from the individual to the community; by situating accountability in past, present, and future contexts; and by facilitating ontologies of security. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index
Emerging as a national figure: Walter Runciman and the rise of the British tramp shipowner
Authors: Carpenter Oliver
Published: October 2017

This article investigates the rise to prominence and power of the British tramp shipowner Walter Runciman (1847–1937), a man who rose up from modest beginnings, to become a nationally renowned household name by 1914. For North East England tramp shipowners like Runciman, membership of various local and national institutions was extremely useful for forging business and personal connections, the foremost of these being the businessman-led Tyne Improvement Commission. In national contexts, the two main public shipping institutions Runciman became involved in were the Chamber of Shipping and the Shipping Federation. Moreover, Runciman and a few of his contemporaries found that their public and business credibility could be enhanced through their personal connections and associations with a specific network of nationally powerful businessmen and politicians. By entering the national public stage, shipowners like Runciman came to hold positions of real influence, power and control in matters of national importance in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Britain and beyond.
Maritime trade and merchant shipping: The shipping/trade ratio since the 1870s
Authors: Ojala Jari , Tenold Stig
Published: October 2017

This article discusses the development of countries’ market shares in world shipping over the last 150 years. The analysis is based upon a new and purpose-built indicator: the shipping/trade ratio. This indicator presents the relationship between the merchant marine of a country and the country’s role in world trade. Analysis of the shipping/trade ratio identifies two important developments. First, although the share of the world fleet registered in Europe has dropped significantly, Europe’s role in world shipping over the last 50 years has been more stable than is commonly perceived. Second, there appears to have been an increasing specialisation in the world shipping industry, both among and within continents. Internationally and within Europe, certain ‘super-transporters’ have acquired large market shares, while most countries have relatively limited fleets.
The ordinary merchant ship in the British Atlantic, 1600–1800: A call for further research
Authors: Reid Phillip
Published: October 2017

Bringing to bear new sources of evidence on an old subject, this study of the ordinary British Atlantic merchant ship calls for both traditional and experimental archaeology, laboratory analysis using marine engineering applications, and a return to the archives with new questions and fresh insights. We still have much to learn about this key technology, but limited traditional sources and methods – and the lack of integration of evidence from different disciplines and from non-academic expertise – as well as strong academic biases rooted in our culture, have contributed to a neglect of research in recent years, and to a false impression that the subject is not important enough to warrant the effort.
The Sasanian Navy revisited: An unwritten chapter in Iran’s military history
Authors: Dmitriev Vladimir A.
Published: October 2017

In modern historiography, Sasanian Iran is commonly perceived as a land power. However, various primary sources indicate that the Sasanian navy played an important role in the military efforts of the Persians in late antiquity. The Sasanian navy was established to ensure the external security of the Persian state by exerting control over the sea lanes in the Persian Gulf region, and based on the aspiration of the Sasanid authorities to enhance their military and political, as well as commercial, influence in the northern part of the Indian Ocean. The most dynamic phase of the Persian navy’s activities occurred during the reign of Khosrow Anushirwan (531–579 CE), when fleet operations enabled the Persians to conquer Yemen and there was an attempt to establish the navy in the Black Sea basin. The last phase of Sasanian naval activity took place during the Byzantine–Persian war of 602–628 CE. In this conflict, the Persian fleet initially achieved some success in the Mediterranean Sea, but eventually it was completely defeated by the more skillful Byzantine navy. The main areas of the Persian navy’s activities were the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea. The Sasanids’ attempts to establish fleets in the Black Sea in the 540s and Mediterranean in the 620s were ended by Byzantium. After the fall of the Sasanian Empire, Persian ships became part of the Arabian armed forces and for some time continued to participate in wars on the side of the Arabs, whose victories over the Byzantines were, to some extent, due to the naval experience of the Persians.
Preparation and Application of Polymer-Composited Yarn and Knit Containing CNT/Ceramic
Authors: Shin Yeaheun , Park Youngmi
Published: October 2017

The properties and light-heating function of a knit prepared by the composite spinning of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and an inorganic ceramic were examined. The CNTs and ceramic were mixed and polymerized in a master batch (MB) and the MB chip was then melt spun to prepare the CNT/ceramic-composite yarn (LH-Yn) and single-jersey knits (LH-Knit). The properties of the LH-Yn and LH-Knit were compared with those of the regular polyester yarn (PET-Yn) and polyester knit (PET-Knit). The contents of carbon in the CNTs by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy, tensile and tear performance, thermal insulation, air permeability (AP), water vapor permeability (WVP), and far-infrared (FIR) emissivity were analyzed. The result showed that the surface temperature of the LH-Knit was much higher than that of the PET-Knit. The measured WVP, AP, and FIR emissivity were also slightly higher in the LH-Knit, but the difference was not significant.
Cyberspace and gay rights in a digital China: Queer documentary filmmaking under state censorship
Authors: Shaw Gareth , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: October 2017

Owing to China’s austere censorship regulations on film media, directors of films and documentaries engaging with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender themes have struggled to bring their work to domestic attention. Working outside of the state-funded Chinese film industry has become necessary for these directors to commit their narratives to film, but without approval of China’s State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, these artists have had little chance of achieving widespread domestic distribution of their work. However, advancements in new media technology and Web 2.0, ranging from digital video formats to Internet-based distribution via social media networks and video-hosting platforms, provide opportunities for Chinese audiences to access films and documentaries dealing with LGBT themes. This empirical study assesses how production, promotion and consumption of queer documentary films are influenced by the development of social media within Chinese cyberspace. Through close readings of microblogs from SinaWeibo, this study combines analysis of contemporary research with digital social rights activism to illustrate contemporary discourse regarding film-based LGBT representation in China. Finally, the study comments on the role that documentary filmmaking plays in China’s gay rights movement, and discusses the rewards (and challenges) associated with increased levels of visibility within society.
High accurate measurement and calibration of the squareness on ultra-precision machine based on error separation
Authors: Lai Tao , Peng Xiaoqiang , Liu Junfeng , Tie Guipeng , Guo Meng
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, the functionality of products often requires that parts are manufactured with a very small error. The squareness of metrology equipment is an important qualification for the functionality. Traditional methods of measuring squareness of ultra-precision motion stage have many limitations, especially the errors caused by inaccuracy of standard specimens, such as bare L-square and optical pentaprism. And generally, the accuracy of squareness measurement is lower than the accuracy of interior angles of standard specimens. Based on the error separation, this article presents a novel method of squareness measurement with a polygon artifact on the ultra-precision metrology machine. The angles bounded with the guideways and the edges of polygon artifact are measured, and the squareness distraction is achieved by the principle that the sum of internal angles of a convex polygon artifact is ( n − 2) π. A squareness metrical experiment is carried out on the profilometer using an optical square brick with the squareness of interior angles at about 0.3° and 2.4″. The results show that the squareness between the X axis and Y axis of the profilometer is approximate, and the accuracy of the squareness is not affected by the value of interior angles. The accurate measurement is much higher than the accuracy of the interior angles of brick. Based on this method and the traditional method, the three terms of squareness are calibrated and improved from 19.71″, 21.37″ and 16.54″ to 3.28″, 7.83″ and 5.88″, respectively.
‘Please turn it off ’: Negotiations and morality around children’s media use at home
Authors: Koniski Elisa
Published: October 2017

This article examines the discourse of negotiation surrounding children’s media time use as it emerges from naturally occurring video-recorded interactions between parents and children. Specifically, it explores how children are socialized into thinking about prioritizing activities when one of them involves media. Also, this study examines how (un)availability of time with media is morally constructed in face-to-face interactions, paying special attention to processes of negotiation, authority and power through directive trajectories. Three trends of discourses around media emerge. First, when media use is framed as problematic, prioritizing certain activities almost systematically entails postponing media use. Second, when parents ratify their children’s use of media, it becomes a prize or a privilege to be earned by children. Third, even when children are rightfully engaged in media, parents often seem to be wary of their children’s ability to turn the technology off by themselves, and reinforce moral accountability.
North Atlantic influence on Holocene flooding in the southern Greater Caucasus
Authors: von Suchodoletz Hans , Zielhofer Christoph , Hoth Silvan , Umlauft Josefine , Schneider Birgit , Zeeden Christian , Sukhishvili Lasha , Faust Dominik
Published: October 2017

In the context of global climate change, flooding becomes an increasingly serious threat to modern societies, and future flooding can only be understood using long-term geological flood records also encompassing Holocene climate variability. Unlike other regions, Holocene flooding in the Caucasus region is only poorly understood so far: Whereas some rivers originating from the Lesser Caucasus were investigated, no studies exist about rivers originating from the Greater Caucasus. This study investigated the Holocene fluvial dynamics of the upper Alazani River in the southern Greater Caucasus using chronostratigraphic and sedimentologic methods applied to a fluvial sediment-paleosol sequence. By comparing these data with other paleoenvironmental and regional recent hydroclimatic data, we aimed to identify the main drivers of Holocene flooding in the southern Greater Caucasus. Our study shows a link between fluvial sedimentation around 7.3, 5.4, 3.8–2.9 and around 1.7 cal. ka BP and North Atlantic Bond events. Although probably caused by a discharge maximum during spring, fluvial sedimentation is coeval with low regional spring precipitation. As supported by recent hydroclimatic data, intensified floods during Bond events could possibly be explained with more intensive precipitation but also a prolonged snow season during colder winters. The latter would lead to more spring meltwater and thus more intensive spring discharge. Consequently, given increasing annual temperatures because of human-caused global warming, the flood maxima of pluvio-nival rivers in the southern Greater Caucasus may be expected to decrease during the next decades. Our findings underline the need of geological flood records to understand future flood patterns of rivers in mountain regions with complex runoff regimes.
Darker Demons of Our Nature: The Need to (Re)Focus Attention on Blatant Forms of Dehumanization
Authors: Kteily Nour S. , Bruneau Emile
Published: October 2017

Although dehumanization research first emerged following the overt and conscious denials of humanity present during war and genocide, modern dehumanization research largely examines more subtle and implicit forms of dehumanization in more everyday settings. We argue for the need to reorient the research agenda toward understanding when and why individuals blatantly dehumanize others. We review recent research in a range of contexts suggesting that blatant dehumanization is surprisingly prevalent and potent, uniquely predicting aggressive intergroup attitudes and behavior beyond subtle forms of dehumanization and outgroup dislike, and promoting vicious cycles of conflict.
“Shared Destiny”: The Dynamics of Relationships in Families of Patients With Brain Injury
Authors: Segev Einav , Levinger Miriam , Hochman Yael
Published: October 2017

This qualitative research focused on the relationships between family members of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI). The aim was to explore the dynamics between caregivers of the family member with a brain injury during rehabilitation hospitalization, and the relationships between them and the rest of the extended family. Twenty semistructured interviews were conducted with family members. In each family, the spouse of the patient and another family member involved in caregiving were interviewed. The importance of the relationships between family members during rehabilitation hospitalization justifies the examination undertaken in this research. Findings point at the change that took place in the relationships between family members because of the need to cope with a relative’s injury. It is possible that direct intervention in the dynamics of the relationship, especially between the family of origin and the nuclear family of the injured person, can benefit extended families in coping with the crisis.
“Leisurely Dining”: Exploring How Work Organization, Informal Care, and Dining Spaces Shape Residents’ Experiences of Eating in Long-Term Residential Care
Authors: Lowndes Ruth , Daly Tamara , Armstrong Pat
Published: October 2017

Mealtimes are among the busiest times in nursing homes. Austerity measures resulting in insufficient staff with heavy workloads limit the amount of time available to assist residents with eating. Within a feminist political economy framework, rapid team-based ethnography was used for an international study involving six countries exploring promising practices and also for a study conducted in one Canadian province in which interrelationships between formal and informal care were investigated. Data collection methods included interviews and observations. In addition, dining maps were completed providing a cross-jurisdictional comparison of mealtime work organization, and illustrating the time spent assisting residents with meals. Dining maps highlight the reliance on unpaid care as well as how low staffing levels leave care providers rushing around, preventing a pleasurable resident dining experience, which is central to overall health and well-being.
Using the Woman Abuse Screening Tool to Screen for and Assess Dating Violence in College Students
Authors: Wong Janet Yuen-Ha , Fong Daniel Yee-Tak , Yau Jessie Ho-Yin , Choi Edmond Pui-Hang , Choi Anna Wai-Man , Brown Judith Belle
Published: October 2017

The study aimed to evaluate the measurement properties of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) in Chinese college students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hong Kong. A cutoff score of 10 was found to be able to discriminate between abused and nonabused Chinese young adults. The total score was significantly correlated with total scores for anxiety and depression on the Chinese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Two-factor structure of the WAST was supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The Chinese WAST was found to be valid in screening for and assessing intimate partner violence.
Survey of cat owners on features of, and preventative measures for, feline scratching of inappropriate objects: a pilot study
Authors: Moesta Alexandra , Keys Deborah , Crowell-Davis Sharon
Published: October 2017

Objectives

The objective of this study was to collect preliminary data on relevant features and preventative measures of feline inappropriate scratching. Preliminary data could then be used to inform future randomized controlled studies.

Methods

A paper questionnaire was distributed to 140 cat-owning clients of a small animal practice. The response rate was 82.9%. Questions related to features of inappropriate and designated items scratched, frequency of the behavior and how owners attempted to modify the behavior. The frequency of scratching was ranked and analyzed with repeated-measures models for differences between features of items. The effectiveness of techniques to modify scratching was analyzed with Student’s t-tests comparing frequencies of scratching between cats of survey participants who did and did not use specific techniques.

Results

Scratching of inappropriate items was reported for 83.9% of cats. Most cats (81.5%) scratched chairs or other furniture and 64.1% scratched carpet. The frequency of scratching inappropriate items was significantly influenced by type and material of the items scratched, with furniture and carpet, and fabric and carpet, respectively, being scratched most often. Most cats (76.1%) had a designated scratching item. The frequency of scratching designated items was significantly influenced by type, with cats using scratching posts and other items more often than scratch pads. Owners used a variety of punishment- and reward-based techniques to stop inappropriate scratching and encourage scratching of designated items; only one technique was found to have a significant effect, with the frequency of scratching designated items being significantly lower in cats that were placed near the item.

Conclusions and relevance

Furniture covered with fabric was an object frequently scratched. Fabric should be further investigated as a potential material to encourage desired scratching behavior. Scratch pads appeared less desired than scratching posts. Punishment was a common strategy to deter scratching but did not appear to influence the frequency of scratching.