bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF CR(VI) ADSORPTION ONTO POLYMER-BASED MAGNETIC HYBRID ADSORBENTS BY NONLINEAR ISOTHERM AND KINETIC MODELS
Authors: BILGIN SIMSEK E. , BUYRUKLARDAN KAYA I. G , BEKER U.
Published: July 2021

In the present study, polyglycidyl methacrylate graft copolymer (PG) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate based polymers (EG) were synthesized and modified by iron oxides in order to have magnetic form (PG-M and EG-M). Batch hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH. Adsorption data were applied to Langmuir, Freundlich, DubininRaduskevich, Sips, Toth and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models by utilizing non-linear techniques. The Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model was found to be the most suitable one for PG-M sample, while Langmuir model fitted best to the experimental data of EG-M sample. The contact time needed for both adsorbents was relatively short, ranging from 1 to 30 min. Approximately 73% of Cr(VI) was rapidly removed by PG-M within ten minutes; and for EG-M sample, 88% of Cr(VI) was removed at the end of five minutes. The rate of the adsorption is governed by a pseudo-second order rate equation.
LUBRICATION PREDICTIONS FOR TOTAL KNEE PROSTHESIS MADE OF HARD MATERIALS
Authors: DI PAOLO J. , BERLI M. E.
Published: July 2021

The lubricated contact zone in a total knee prosthesis is modeled, where femoral and tibial components are supposed to be made of hard materials (high stiffness and hardness) and lubricated by a non Newtonian fluid (synovial liquid). To determine optimal relations among geometric parameters, load and film thickness, a generalized Reynolds equation was solved by means of finite element method. Although mix lubrication regime is predominant, it is shown that increasing conformity, it could be assure a full-film lubrication regime in most of the gait cycle. These results might be a reference to make more durable total knee prostheses.
A MULTIGRID METHOD FOR THE SOLUTION OF COMPOSITE MESH PROBLEMS
Authors: SARRAF S. S. , LOPEZ E. J. , RIOS RODRIGUEZ G. A. , SONZOGNI V. E.
Published: July 2021

The Composite Finite Element Mesh method is useful for the estimation of the discretization error and, in addition, for the nodal solution improvement with a small increase in the computational cost. The technique uses two meshes with different element size to discretize a given problem and, then, it redefines the resulting linear system. On the other hand, Multigrid methods solve a linear system using systems of several sizes resulting from a hierarchy of meshes. This feature motivates the study of the application of the Multigrid strategy together with the Composite Mesh technique. In this work, it is proposed a Multigrid method to solve problems where the Composite Mesh is applied. The goal of the proposal is to achieve both, the advantages of the Multigrid algorithm efficiency and the solution improvement given by the Composite Mesh technique. The new method is tested with some elliptic problems with analytical solution.
A HYBRID GROUP BASED RE-KEY MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR SECURE COMMUNICATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR
Authors: SUMA CHRISTAL MARY S. , PALLIKONDA RAJASEKARA M.
Published: July 2021

Secured Communication is primarily important in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), since the communication signals are explicitly available as they broadcast through the air. These networks are more vulnerable to attacks extending from passive eavesdropping to active snooping. In this paper, a hybrid Group based Re-Key Management Scheme (HG-RMS) is proposed. The objective of this paper is to provide a secure group communication in WSNs. The Group Controller is elected for each group to manage the group members. The proposed HG-RMS incorporates the Modified Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed (M-HEED) protocol to elect the group controller. Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) is used by the Key Management Center (KMC) to generate the keys and distribute to the group controllers. The key exchange mechanism is explored for secure communication between the users. Node compromise attacks are detected and prevented based on the periodic broadcast messages. The re - keying process is initiated whenever a node joins/leaves the group. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme performs better than the existing Cluster based Group Key Management (CB-GKM) in terms of energy, privacy level, memory, and time consumption.
EVALUATION OF DISPERSIBLE PROTEIN CONTENT DURING CONVECTIVE DRYING OF SOYBEANS UNDER DIFFERENT DRYING AIR TEMPERATURES
Authors: Dos SANTOS C. D. , ENGLERT A. H. , CASSINI A. S.
Published: July 2021

The present study assesses the effects of different drying conditions on dispersible protein content of soybeans. Experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale convective dryer operated at different air temperatures (60, 80 and 100°C) at a fixed velocity (1.0 m/s). Moisture and dispersible protein content were measured as a function of time. It was observed that drying air temperature influenced the dispersible protein content of the dried soybeans: when soybeans were submitted to air at 60, 80 and 100°C for 18 min, the dispersible protein content decreased from 33.0 kg of dispersible protein /100 kg of dry solids (d.s.) to 29.0, 20.5 and 12.0 kg /100 kg d.s., respectively. The temperature of 60°C proved to be a satisfactory condition for preserving the dispersible proteins of soybeans. However, using air at 100°C for short periods of time (< 6 min) was also a good option for minimizing protein denaturation during drying.
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENTS ON SESAME CAKE PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS BY ALCALASE
Authors: DEMİRHAN E. , KILIÇ APAR D. , ÖZBEK B.
Published: July 2021

In the present work, the effects of pretreatments on hydrolysis of sesame cake protein and enzyme stability were investigated. Heat, microwave and sonic pretreatments were applied to sesame cake protein as pretreatments before the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. The sesame cake protein was hydrolyzed by Alcalase enzyme.
EXTRACTION OF Mucuna aterrima SEED OIL USING COMPRESSED PROPANE AND QUANTIFICATION OF L-DOPA IN THE DEFATTED MEAL
Authors: SILVA C. , MANTOVANI D. , GARCIA V.A. S. , CARDOZO-FILHO L.
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to extract the oil of Mucuna seeds using compressed propane as the solvent, in order to concentrate the L-Dopa content of the defatted Mucuna meal. The experiments were performed in a laboratory-scale unit with a constant propane flow rate of around 0.8 mL/min and temperature and pressure ranges of 3060 °C and 80-120 bar, respectively. The results revealed that temperature is an important variable for the extraction yield obtained with propane. It was observed that the concentration of L-Dopa present in the defatted seed meal was greater than that in the seeds without the removal of oil. Quantitative analysis of the oil extracted under the different experimental conditions investigated showed no significant differences in terms of fatty acids (p>0.05), the major oil component being linoleic acid (omega-6), along with the presence of around 5% of linolenic acid (omega-3). The kinetics of the oil extraction with propane was also investigated for the operating conditions considered.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF OVERLAID CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT WITH CRACK
Authors: GAO Y.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, overlaid Portland cement concrete (PCC) with crack subjected to vehicle load is considered based on theoretical analysis. In order to build efficient model, PCC is reduced to an elastic plate on Winkler foundation. Fourier integral transform, residue theorem and Lobatto-Chebyshev integration formula are used to obtain the analytical solutions on the stress and strain fields of the pavement and stress intensity factors of the crack tip. Stress intensity factors are numerically calculated. The stress intensity factors of the crack tips(b) in the pavement with 10cm thickness overlay are reduced heavily, especially for I type crack. Overlay thickness is very significant factor that effect the value of stress intensity factor of I type crack, rather than II type crack. However, stress intensity factors are less affected by elastic modulus of overlay material.
ANTIOXIDANTS ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM SAMBUCUS NIGRA, EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTION METHODS
Authors: AZARI B. , SIAMI A. , EBRAHIMZADEH M. A. , KHAN B. A.
Published: July 2021

Sambucus nigra is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Researches in the recent past have accumulated enormous evidences revealing S. nigra plant to be an excellent source of antioxidants. The effects of three extraction methods (percolation, Soxhlet and ultrasonically assisted extraction) on the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) contents and antioxidant activities (AAs) of S. nigra fruit, leaf and bark were investigated. TPC and TFC were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. While AAs were evaluated using iron chelating ability, 2, 2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activities. TPC ranged from 72.0 to 185.6 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of the extract. The ultrasonic extract of leaf had a higher TPC than the other extracts. TFC ranged from 19.6 to 109.5 mg QE/g of the extract. Percolation extract of leaves had a higher TFC than the other extracts. In the DPPH test, the ultrasonic extracts had a higher activity than the other methods. The ultrasonic extract of leaf showed the best activity (IC50 = 21.6 ± 1.1 µg ml-1). The ultrasonic extracts had a higher NO radical scavenging activity, too. The ultrasonic extract of leaf showed the best activity (IC50=13.2 ± 0.9 µg ml-1). It was significantly more potent than quercetin, which has been used as a standard (IC50=155.0 ± 6.4 μg ml-1) (p< 0.001). Only the ultrasonic extracts showed the chelating activity. The ultrasonic extract of bark had the best activity (IC50 = 115.5 ± 9.7 µg ml-1). The extracts were capable of scavenging H2O2 in a concentration dependent manner. The ultrasonic extract of fruit showed the best activity (IC50 = 61.7 ± 2.8 µg ml-1). No correlations were found between H2O2, NO, DPPH radical scavenging activities and TPC. The results obtained indicated that the ultrasonic method could effectively extract antioxidants from this plant.
APPLICATION OF AUTO-TUNING ZIEGLER-NICHOLS PID CONTROL IN CHAOTIC VIBRATION SUPPRESSION OF A BEAM WITH NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: OVEISI A. , GUDARZI M.
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the vibration control of an elastic beam with nonlinear boundary conditions using Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) actuators and an adaptive control strategy. This system is known as a chaotic system under external sinusoidal applied force. The beam is clamped at one end, and the other end is pinned for the tip displacements less than a fixed value and is free for displacements greater than this value. For certain values of forcing frequency and amplitude the periodic motion becomes unstable and non-periodic, bounded vibration results. Meanwhile, for control purposes an autotuning Ziegler-Nichols PID controller is implemented in order to investigate the robustness and vibration suppression performance of the closed-loop system. Finally, numerical simulations evaluate the effectiveness of this control strategy.
DECOLORIZATION OF CONTAMINATED WATER CONTAINING C.I. DIRECT BLUE 53 BY MACROALGAE CHARA SP. AND OPTIMIZATION OF DECOLORIZATION PROCESS
Authors: SEYYEDI K. , MAHDIYAR A.
Published: July 2021

Dye wastewater is considered as a major pollutant of surface water. In recent years, biological treatment with the use of micro and macro organisms has been used as a good method for removing various organic and inorganic pollutants. In the present study, the potential of a macroalgae Chara sp., was investigated as a viable biomaterial for the biological treatment of Direct Blue 53 solution. The effects of operational parameters such as temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, the amount of algae, salinity, and light-darkness on the efficiency of biological decolorization were studied. In optimal conditions, with an initial value for live algae of 3.5 g, temperature of 25ºC, pH = 2, for a solution containing 15 ppm of Direct blue 53, the dye removal efficiency obtained was of 63%. Dye removal increased with an increase in the amount of biomass. The efficiency of the biological treatment of Direct Blue 53 decreased as the temperature and initial dye concentration increased. The salinity of the solution had an inverse relationship with the decolorization efficiency, and the dye was removed more easily in darkness. The results of FTIR and GCMass spectroscopy showed that the decolorization mechanism of the solution in the presence of live algae was biodegradation.
MICROWAVE VECTOR REFLECTOMETER USING SELF-MIXING OSCILLATOR ANTENNAS
Authors: YOIYOD P. , KRAIRIKSH M.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a microwave reflectometer using self-mixing oscillator antennas. A unique characteristic of the proposed reflectometer is its simple structure without a circulator and a directional coupler. Each self-mixing oscillator antenna utilizes a Gunn diode as an active device and a rectangular waveguide as a resonator and a radiator. The determination of dielectric properties of materials was carried out at 9.79 GHz and the measured results using the proposed reflectometer were in good agreement with those by a dielectric probe. In addition, the reflectometer has several industrial applications, e.g. fruit classification, moisture content sensing, etc.
SECURE VIDEO WATERMARKING ALGORITHM BASED ON WAVELET WITH MULTIPLE WATERMARKS
Authors: SRIDHAR B. , ARUN C.
Published: July 2021

Watermarking is the new advancement that perceives to make clear the issue of unlawful control and dispersion of the data. In our proposed framework, primary secret information is grouped into alternative pixels shares and secondary watermark is concealed in one of the flipped shares. Further rearrange the concealed shares into normal form and stack the allotments into a single image. Now the primary watermarked image is sectioned into various pieces and hidden the piece of watermarked information into specific frames under wavelet. Accordingly the watermark data is requested for with acceptably with the human visual framework which makes them imperceptible. Concealed information is less perceivable and also robust against regular video processing attacks.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PLANNING USING QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT – QFD
Authors: BARTZ T. , SILUK J.C. M.
Published: July 2021

The QFD has been used for product development for a long time. Nowadays, at the current level of maintenance, we used the QFD to innovate in the prioritization of assemblies and subassemblies that must have their planned maintenance. To achieve the proposed objectives, we firstly reviewed the literature, then analyzed the maintenance data of a production line, calculated the correlation between the needs of the sector of production with each subset of equipment that make up the line, and then constructed the QFD to prioritize the maintenance planning of the most important sets for product quality. The findings showed that the current planning model has a high level of assertiveness on the equipment schedule, but a prioritization using QFD assist in the specification of which subset undergoing maintenance, increasing the availability and reliability of equipment. The results showed there was an increase of efficiency from 79.25% to 83.76% in one year.
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THREE DIMENSIONAL STEADY STATE HEAT CONDUCTION IN THE ROTOR OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: NASKAR A. K. , SARKAR D.
Published: July 2021

In developing electric motors in general and induction motors in particular temperature limits is a key factor affecting the efficiency of the overall design. Since conventional loading of induction motors is often expensive, the estimation of temperature rise by tools of mathematical modeling becomes increasingly important. Excepting for providing a more accurate representation of the problem, the proposed model can also reduce computing costs. The paper develops a three-dimensional steady state thermal model in polar co-ordinates using finite element formulation and arch shaped elements. A temperature-time method is employed to evaluate the distribution of loss in various parts of the machine. Using these loss distributions as an input for finite element analysis, more accurate temperature distributions can be obtained. The model is applied to predict the temperature rise in the rotor of a squirrel cage 7.5 kW totally enclosed fan-cooled induction motor. The temperature distribution has been determined considering convection from the outer air gap surface and annular end surface for both totally enclosed and semi enclosed structures. Finally the temperatures obtained by this three-dimensional analysis have been compared with the approximate temperatures obtained by two-dimensional analysis.
SENSOR FUSION BASED UPON SELF ORGANIZING MAPS AND LOCAL KALMAN FILTERS FOR LOCAL FAULT DIAGNOSIS
Authors: BENÍTEZ-PÉREZ H. , VÁZQUEZ-HERNÁNDEZ M. , DURÁN-CHAVESTI A.
Published: July 2021

A challenging strategy for fault diagnosis is related to data fusion and feature extraction such as having local models of the plant integrated through patterns. To pursuit this goal a group of Kalman Filters is proposed, one per sensor in order to estimate a state of the plant per sensor. Thereafter, a self-organized map processes the information in order to determine the response areas within the map. Moreover, Kalman filter auto tuning procedure, becomes an interesting issue due to correlated noise amongst them as well as local state dependency at this point this may call a pre-processing stage. Furthermore, once global state vector is produced, the classification stage takes place as long as this vector exists as post processing stage. The resulting maps determine areas of fault free scenarios or nonlinear and no healthy responses classified as faults. This last point is obtained through a high accuracy of the system.
RESEARCH ON DYNAMIC RESPONSES AND RESIDUAL STRESSES FIELDS INDUCED BY LSP IN DD6 ALLOY BLADE
Authors: FANG Y. W. , YANG L. W. , ZHAO S. H. , WANG Y. , GAN X. S.
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article was to address the dynamic responses properties and the residual stresses fields induced by laser shock processing (LSP) in a DD6 alloy blade. The dynamic characteristics with [001] and [111] orientations were investigated under different rotor speeds and temperatures by finite element method (FEM) simulation and vibration experiment. As a result, the corresponding static frequencies were analyzed for different temperature, rotor speed and orientation. The residual stresses fields induced by LSP were addressed for [001] orientation at 9800C based on simulation and LSP experiment. Results shown the proposed model was effective. The analyses indicate that the trends of different orders static frequencies were same along [001] and [111], and the orientation had stronger effect on high order static frequencies than it had on low order ones. The best compressive residual stress was achieved to be about 600 MPa when the power density was 4.5 GPa.
TRANSFER FUNCTION AND ITS IDENTIFICATION FOR A THREE-CHAMBER CYLINDER
Authors: SUN W. , WANG J. , LI L. , WANG X. H. , SU J. , MIAO Z. H.
Published: July 2021

A reservoir mounted on the rear of a two-chamber cylinder, together with an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber, constitutes a threechamber cylinder. This paper proposes a piecewise analytical model for the three-chamber cylinder based on its operating principle. Moreover, block diagram and transfer function model for the cylinder are achieved through a detailed analysis of continuity equations and orifice equations for the mass flowrate employing linearization techniques at a local equilibrium point. To justify the proposed transfer function model, an experimental rig is set up and an identification procedure dealing with experimental data measured is carried out by using IDENT. The conclusions show that both models can offer the ability to provide foundation for the further study of the dynamic characteristics of the three-chamber cylinder.
PREDICTIVE DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL USING A CASCADE ASYMMETRIC MULTILEVEL CONVERTER
Authors: VERNE S. A. , GONZÁLEZ S. A. , VALLA M. I.
Published: July 2021

A Direct Torque Control scheme which regulates the flux and the electromagnetic torque of an induction motor (IM) is presented in this paper. A Cascade Asymmetric Multilevel Converter (CAMC) drives the IM in 7-level mode using a new voltage value for the flying capacitors. An integrated control scheme based on the Finite-ControlSet Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) approach undertakes the solution as a unique multi-objective control problem. The algorithm directly selects the switching states according to a rule of optimization and avoiding the use of modulators and nested controllers. Keywords   ,, .
MHD FLOW, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ABOUT A PERMEABLE ROTATING VERTICAL CONE IN PRESENCE OF RADIATION, CHEMICAL REACTION AND HEAT GENERATION OR ABSORPTION EFFECTS
Authors: SHARMA B. R. , KONWAR H.
Published: July 2021

The problem of MHD flow, heat and mass transfer about a rotating vertical cone in presence of thermal radiation, chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption effects has been investigated. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODE) by using suitable transformations and ODEs are solved by using MATLAB’s built in solver bvp4c. Velocity, temperature and concentration profiles of the fluid are presented graphically. A comparison of present results for velocity and temperature is made with the numerical results available in literature and our results are in good agreement.
DEGRADATION OF PARACETAMOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT UV INDUCED ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-LABRADA K. , QUESADA-PEÑATE I. , VELICHKOVA F. , JULCOUR-LEBIGUE C. , ANDRIANTSIFERANA C. , MANÉRO M. H , ALBASI C. , JÁUREGUI-HAZA U. J.
Published: July 2021

Environmental hazards are a consequence of the massive use of synthetic chemicals that are prevalent in nearly every aspect of modern life. The outburst of the so-called “emerging pollutants” (pharmaceuticals and pesticides among others) generates an additional problem due to the scarce available information on their impact on the environment or their interferences with the biological processes. Among them, paracetamol is one of the drugs the most widely found in hospital effluents, in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants, as well as in rivers. In this work, the feasibility of paracetamol degradation by different processes based on ultraviolet radiation is discussed: photolysis, photo-oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, photo-Fenton reaction, and heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2 are evaluated. The best results are obtained with the photoFenton process, for which more than 99% of the pharmaceutical is degraded within 5 minutes. At best experimental conditions the mineralization was superior to 75% after one hour of reaction.
STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL APPLYING THE SURFACE RESPONSE
Authors: QUIJADA K. , MILLAN F. , DI SCIPIO S.
Published: July 2021

Two ways of synthesis to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil were compared: 1) Transesterification of fatty acids with basic catalyst (KOH) and 2) Esterification with H2SO4 followed by the transesterification evaluated previously, using factorial designs 23 with central points and the Surface Response Methodology (RSM). Raw material was characterized through its acid value and moisture content. In synthesis (1) the factorial design factors were: reaction temperature, catalyst wt%/ weight of processed oil and, methanol:oil molar ratio, and response variables were: yield of reaction, density and, kinematic viscosity, with 75 minutes as reaction time. Yields around 88% were achieved. In synthesis (2) the factorial design was applied only for esterification reaction, using two of the preceding factors and reaction time instead of temperature (fixed at 60ºC). The best conditions determined for synthesis (1) were applied and yield of reaction increased to 97%. The kinematic viscosities and densities satisfied the standards.
AN EFFICIENT CFO ESTIMATION AND ICI REDUCTION IN MC-CDMA SYSTEM THROUGH CONJUGATE WEIGHTED MUSIC BASED RPRCC SCHEME
Authors: CHITRA S. , KUMARATHARAN N.
Published: July 2021

Multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) is one of the most attractive method for future broadband wireless systems and long term evolution (LTE) standard. The performance of MC-CDMA systems is greatly deteriorated by carrier frequency offset (CFO) which is due to oscillator instability and Doppler shifts. CFO leads to loss of orthogonality between the subcarriers and introduces intercarrier interference (ICI). Among the numerous ICI cancellation techniques, the proposed receiver phase rotated conjugate cancellation (RPRCC) offers greater ICI reduction compared to other methods. The distributed nature of networks and concurrent transmission from multiple users in uplink, RPRCC needs multiple frequency offset estimation at the receiver. Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is the best suited CFO estimation technique in multiuser environment. However the performance of MUSIC algorithm is inferior for closely spaced CFOs. To achieve precise CFO estimation and greater ICI reduction, RPRCC with conjugate weighted MUSIC based CFO estimation is proposed in this paper. The simulation results depict that the ICI power reduction capability and BER performance of the suggested method outperforms the conventional techniques in both properly and closely spaced CFOs.
ENHANCED PERFORMANCE OF KNOCK OUT DRUMS BY FEED DISTRIBUTOR DESIGNED WITH CFD ASSISTANCE
Authors: QUADRO E. B. , GUARIEIRO L.L. N.
Published: July 2021

The big difference between maximum and minimum up flow velocity in a fuel gas Knock Out Drum (without feed distributor) explains the poor performance of this industrial equipment. The up flow fluid velocity profile was determined with CFD assistance for two models of feed distributors. The highest up flow velocity was reduced from 5.1 m/s to 1.9 m/s for the proposed feed distributor. Calculations have showed the capacity of the feed distributor to reduce the maximum droplet diameter carried by the fuel gas from 1,532 μm to 675 μm. This device was built and installed in an industrial equipment. The Residence Time Distribution (RTD) was measured by analyzing the response to a tracer pulse injection. The RTD data has confirmed the improvement of flow uniformity inside the Knock Out Drum. Besides, the maintenance team feedback has confirmed the reduction of 58% of burner’s failure rate relative to the previous value.
HYDRODYNAMICS IN A TWO-COMPARTMENT BIOREACTOR
Authors: DE JESUS E. B. , DE ANDRADE LIMA L.R. P. , BERNARDEZ L. A. , ALMEIDA P. F.
Published: July 2021

Upflow two-compartment packingfree/packed-bed bioreactors have been used in petroleum microbiology due to their similarity with the oil field close to the injection or production wells. This two-compartment configuration gives a particular hydrodynamics to the liquid phase. In this study the hydrodynamics of a pilot reactor filled with glass beads was studied using tracer experiments. The residence time distribution was calculated and interpreted. The results for interstitial Reynolds number (ReLi <0.3) show curves with a peak at the beginning and a long tail that is distorted by the solution flow rate. A model composed of a continuous stirred tank, plug flow and cross-flow reactors was used to describe the flow patterns.
RESEARCH ON EMERGENCY LOGISTICS DYNAMIC NETWORK BASED ON SUPER-NETWORK
Authors: ZHU C. F. , ZHANG Z. K. , MA C. X.
Published: July 2021

In order to improve the adaptability of emergency logistics network in the complex environment, operation mechanism about this network is studied by using super-network theory. Based on this, an optimization model of emergency logistics dynamic network is established based on super-network to ensure emergency supplies arrive in time, and improved ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed to solve this model. Finally, a case study is carried out to verify the validity, objectivity and applicability for this model and its optimization algorithm through calculated and analyzed practical data. From the test results, it is shown that the adaptive capacity can be improved by timely cooperating for each body in the network.
HYDROMAGNETIC OLDROYD FLUID FLOW PAST A FLAT SURFACE WITH DENSITY AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY STRATIFICATION
Authors: DEY D.
Published: July 2021

An usteady stratified flow of viscoelastic fluid past an inifnite flat surafce has been studied in presence of applied magnetic field. The visco-elastic fluid flow is characterized by Oldroyd fluid model contaning the rheological parameters: retardation and relaxation parameters. A magnetic field of strength B0 is applied along the transverse direction to surface. Fluidic properties like density, viscosity and electrical conductivity are assumed to vary along the axis of gravity. The governing equations of motion are solved analytically using separation of variable method. Results are discussed graphically and in tabular form for various values of flow parameters involved in the problem.
APPLICATION OF INFRARED RADIATION ON DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF EGGPLANT SLICES
Authors: DOYMAZ I.
Published: July 2021

The effect of infrared power on drying kinetics of eggplant slices was investigated. The eggplant slices were dried at 83, 125 and 167 W infrared power levels and for slice thicknesses of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 cm. It was observed that drying and rehydration characteristics of eggplant slices were greatly influenced by pre-treatment, slice thickness and power level. Literature drying models of Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, Midilli et al., Page and Weibull as well as a logarithmic rate were fitted to experimental data using nonlinear regression analysis. Midilli et al. model has shown a better fit to experimental drying data as compared to other models. Effective moisture diffusivity ranged from 0.28×10-9 to 1.09×10-9 m2/s calculated using the Fick’s second law.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE OBTAINING OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMER NANOTHREADS.
Authors: SALGADO R. , BUCHELI W. , ARTEAGA G. C.
Published: July 2021

Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and potential step (fixed potential) have allowed obtaining conductive polymers with controlled morphology, which have been evaluated in potential uses for the manufacturing of supercapacitors, organic light-emitting diodes, solar cells, electrochemical sensors, among others, getting good results. It is intended to improve properties of polymer films and miniaturize components of devices where applicable, and to do so, obtaining of materials with nanometric scale is the option. The use of electrochemical technologies has also facilitated the obtaining of porous silicon oxide films (Template) which deposit on an electrode surface, in this case, platinum, which pores have been subject to electrooxidation of 3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene monomer (EDOT), obtaining the polymer Poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with nanometric dimensions, inside the spaces confined by the Template. Electrochemical responses of materials obtained in both surfaces were compared (Unmodified platinum electrodes and those Template-modified) finding an increase in current in those obtained on the Template, which in also, additionally to the calculations, stored higher amount of charge, which is attributed to the formation of nanostructures, verified through TEM images, being specifically PEDOT nanothreads, with diameters varying from 6nm to 14nm, which may improve applications in sensors and supercapacitors due to their characteristics.
OCHRATOXIN A AND AFLATOXINS B1, B2, G1, G2 IN GRAPE JUICE: SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION WITH ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: MARTÍNEZ N. D. , RODRÍGUEZ A. M. , GOMEZ D. A.
Published: July 2021

Ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, are produced by fungi which develop in the vineyard and they appear in products obtained from contaminated grapes, such as wine, raisins and must. These toxins are considered harmful to living beings. In this work activated carbon (AC) was used as adsorbent material for OTA and aflatoxins jointly. The adsorbent material tested was obtained from grape stalk. It was produced by carbonization and subsequent physical activation with steam. In order to perform the adsorption tests a sample of sulphited must was seeded with OTA and aflatoxins. Three samples of 200 ml were taken. Each one of them was contacted with 25, 50 and 100 mg of activated carbon, with continuous agitation to 300 K. In each test the concentration of mycotoxins at 30, 60 and 120 minutes was determined by extraction with immunoaffinity columns and subsequent quantification by HPLC. In all tests a concentration decrease of mycotoxins was obtained, according to the amount of coal used. The OTA had better adsorption (96%). The aflatoxins B1 and B2 appear to have higher affinity with the adsorbent (95% and 93% respectively). Aflatoxins G1 and G2 had 85% and 80% abatement respectively.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NILE TILAPIA (SAROTHERODON NILOTICUS) VISCERA WASTE (DREGS)
Authors: MOTA F.A. S. , FILHO J.T. C. , BARRETO G. A.
Published: July 2021

In this work the characterization of the Nile Tilapia viscera was performed. To do this, the oil (lipids) and the dreg (protein) were extracted. Acidity parameters were evaluated in the presence and absence of biliary juice. The other byproduct analyzed, dreg (protein), was evaluated in terms of its potential use as a raw material in the production of biofertilizers. The evaluation showed a high moisture value for the dreg, approximately 95%, a protein mean of 2.34% and an ash percentage of 1.0%. The C/N ratio was assessed at 22:1. In the evaluation of the biliary juice, the percentage increase of the acidity in the oil showed significant changes ranging from 5% to 10%, around 8.72% to 16.92% of the reference value, represented in this case by the extracted oil in the absence of the bile. When the percentage increase reached between 20% and 40%, the oil presents the greatest variations in its final acidity, 28.92% and 51.94%, respectively. Thus, this study is significant in assisting with the processing of Tilapia viscera.
Hubungan Karakteristik Demografi Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien Hipertensi Primer Di Unit Rawat Jalan RS X Bekasi
Authors: Astrid Maria , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Kusumaningsih Indriati
Published: July 2021

Introduction : Hypertension is a condition where the systolic blood pressure is more than 140 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is more than 90 mmHg. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with medication adherence in hypertension patients, such as age, gender, education level, employment status and length of suffering from hypertension. Method : This study used a quantitative correlation method (cross sectional design). Sampling of 56 respondents was carried out by distributing questionnaires to the outpatient unit of RS.X Bekasi. Measurement of medication adherence using the MMAS (Modified Morisky Adherence Scalemethod)which consists of 8 questions. The data analysis used was chi square and Kendal Tau-b. Result : From the results of the univariate analysis, it was found that the characteristics of the respondents the majority are 56-65 years old (39.3%), female (71.4%), highly educated (51.8%), have a job (44.6%) and have suffered from hypertension for 1-5 years. years (51.8%) and the adherence of patients taking medication was in the low adherence category (60.7%). Bivariate analysis of demographic characteristics related to medication adherence were age (p = 0.000), education (p = 0.013 and r = -0.320), and occupation (p = 0.005). Meanwhile, the unrelated demographic characteristics were gender (p = 0.550) and duration of suffering from hypertension (p = 0.123 and r = 0.192).. Conclusion : Various factors related to medication adherence in hypertensive patients in his study, including age, education and employment status. Compliance with taking medication of respondents in this study is still relatively low.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Tentang Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja dengan Kejadian Kecelakaan Kerja pada Pekerja di PT. New Saripati Batang Kuis Kecamatan Batang Kuis Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Sirait Reni Aprinawaty
Published: July 2021

Introduction : Occupational safety and health factors were very important and must be considered by workers, this was a shared responsibility, there needs cooperation between the government, companies and workers to avoid work related accidents. Method : quantitative research methods that was analytical surveys using a cross-sectional in the processing section of 55 populations with sampling techniques using Total Sampling.Result : The results of the bivariate study showed that there was a relationship between attitude and the incindence of workplace, namely p-value (0,022). Conclusion : Companies improve management in providing supervision and training to workers and made regulations and policies for those who violate sunctions or warnings. Every worker who made a mistake had also been identified with incompetence determined.
Hubungan Kepuasan Kerja dengan Motivasi Perawat di Rumah Sakit Swasta Bandung
Authors: Mulyaningtyas Tanti Lestari , Parulian Tina Shinta , Sihombing Ferdinan
Published: July 2021

Background: Job satisfaction and motivation are needed by nurses in providing quality services. Rotation without considering the competencies possessed and the training that must be followed by nurses affects job satisfaction and motivation of nurses so that it becomes a problem in nursing services. Job satisfaction is an individual's attitude towards his job. Motivation is a process that describes the strength, direction, and persistence of a person in an effort to achieve goals.Methods: This study aims to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and motivation of nurses. This study uses quantitative methods, descriptive correlation design, cross sectional approach with simple random sampling technique to 222 respondents. Collecting data using a questionnaire.Results: The results of the univariate analysis were obtained, more than half of the respondents (64.9%) stated high job satisfaction and most (85.1%) had moderate motivation. Bivariate analysis using Spearmank rank results in job satisfaction having a strong relationship with motivation.Conclusion: The direction of the relationship between job satisfaction and motivation is positive, which means that if job satisfaction is high, motivation is also high. Hospitals in carrying out nurse rotation must comply with procedures and needs and consider the competence of nurses.
Gambaran Perilaku Jajan Siswa/Siswi Kelas 6 dan Kelas 9 di Sekolah Penuai Cibubur Jatisampurna Bekasi
Authors: Tampubolon Elmina
Published: July 2021

Background: School children are food consumers who have been active and independent in determining the food they want, both snacks at school and elsewhere. Based on the initial survey, during recess almost all students eat snacks in the canteen and the snacks chosen are mostly fried or boiled instant noodles. This of course can have an impact on the health of students. The purpose of the study was to obtain an overview of the snacking behavior of students in grade 6 and grade 9 at the Cibubur Harvest School.Methods: The research design used is a case study. The sample/informant consisted of four 6th grade elementary school students and 4 9th graders. While the key informant was 1 canteen owner. The data collection method used is semi-structured in-depth interviews and observation. The data was processed and tested for validity by using triangulation, then data analysis was carried out in the form of content analysis.Results: The results showed that students' snacking behavior was influenced by knowledge, attitudes, canteen availability, pocket money, access to information, support from friends, teachers and parents. The results of observations showed that the types of snacks chosen by grade 9 students were more varied and nutritionally balanced compared to grade 6 students.Conclusion: For parents, it is necessary to always direct their children to choose healthy snacks and limit the amount of pocket money for students because it can encourage students to snack more often.
Gambaran Spiritualitas Mahasiswa Ners Tingkat 2 di Rumah pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2020
Authors: Simorangkir Lindawati
Published: July 2021

Background: The Covid-19 epidemic hit the world and claimed many victims so that the government is trying to break the chain of spreading the Covid-19 Virus, but for all spiritual services to the people it must continue, therefore the church cannot stop, nor in any situation because it is a shepherding duty for the sake of fulfillment of spirituality needs because spirituality is one's awareness in appreciating the meaning of life towards God, and noble values, thus inspiring hope, humility, compassion, sincerity, and harmony in everyday life both towards God, oneself, others and the environment. This study aims to identify the Spirituality Picture of Level 2 Nurse Students at Home during the Covid-19 Pandemic at STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan in 2020.Methods: This type of quantitative research with a descriptive design. The population of all students Ners level 2 was 88 people, the sampling technique was: total sampling.Results: The results of this study showed: 82 people in high category (93,2%) and 6 people in medium category (6,8%), it can be concluded that most of the spirituality of Nurse students level 2 was in the high category.Conclusion: Therefore, it is hoped that students will maintain their spirituality and improve their spirituality by collaborating with others, protecting the environment, helping or sharing with people around us because God and others (Vertical & Horizontal) cannot be separated because of a connection.
Role of Divalent Cations in Pathophysiology of Essential Hypertension
Authors: G Asha , Natikar Jyothi A , Mohanty Shrabani
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Essential hypertension (EHTN) accounts for 95% of all cases of hypertension affecting approximately one billion individuals worldwide. Alteration in trace elements like calcium and magnesium can be helpful in knowing the elemental involvement in the pathophysiology of EHTN and its associated complications.
Aims and Objectives:

To estimate serum levels of calcium and magnesium in patients of EHTN and compare it with normotensive healthy subjects.
To find the correlation of serum levels of calcium and magnesium with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in patients of EHTN.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 subjects, out of which 50 were essential hypertensive patients (cases) and 50 were normotensive healthy subjects (controls), within the age group of 25-65 years. Serum calcium and magnesium were measured by using the auto analyzer Beckman Coulter DXC 600. The results were analysed by using students ‘t’ test and pearson’s correlation.
Results: Our study found a significantly (p<0.001**) increased levels of serum calcium and significantly (p<0.001**) decreased levels of serum magnesium in cases as compared to controls. Our study also revealed a significant positive correlation between serum calcium with SBP (r= 0.842, p<0.001**) and DBP (r= 0.403, p= 0.004**); and a significant negative correlation between serum magnesium with SBP (r= -0.805, p<0.001**) and DBP (r=-0.395, p=0.005**) among essential hypertensives.

Keywords: EHTN-Essential hypertension, HTN-Hypertension, SBP-Systolic blood pressure, DBP-Diastolic blood pressure, BP-Blood pressure.
Zoopoetics
Authors: Moe Aaron
Published: July 2021

The premise of zoopoetics is that nonhuman animals possess agency as they dwell imaginatively, rhetorically, and culturally on the earth. These claims are contentious, and therefore they are defined and defended through drawing on the work of rhetoricians, ethologists, poets, and theorists.  Though zoopoetics could illuminate the work of many poets, the essay focuses on the works of E. E. Cummings and W. S. Merwin, for they both have written numerous poems that not only explore the agency of nonhuman animals, but also create interspecies borderlands where the animal engages the human just as much as the human engages the animal.
Placing Wild Animals in Botswana: Engaging Geography’s Transspecies Spatial Theory
Authors: Bolla Andrea K. , Hovorka Alice J.
Published: July 2021

This paper engages transspecies spatial theory to illuminate the dynamics of human ‘placement’ of animals and resulting human-animal encounters through a case study of wild animals in Kasane, Botswana. It details the ways in which human conceptual imaginings and material fixing of wild animals are mutually constituted and grounded in human wonderment of and economic use value associated with nonhuman animals. Resulting interspecies minglings reinforce such placements through human’s fear-based responses and ‘problem animal’ discourses, ultimately re-placing animals into spaces where-they-belong. This paper highlights specifically geographical perspectives to further explorations of human-animal relations within the realm of critical animal studies.
Anthropomorphism and Mechanomorphism
Authors: Karlsson Fredrik
Published: July 2021

The charge of anthropomorphism is still efficient in many academic corners to muffle those who speak about the emotional life of other animals. To project human properties onto other animals have been taken to be a categorical error. In human-animal studies, though, anthropomorphic projections are argued to be helpful analogues to describe other animals. The threat has, instead, been construed as ‘mechanomorphism’, the habit of projecting mechanical symbols or properties onto other animals. This has accumulated to a resistance that is sometimes as categorical against describing animals by analogies to machines, as the resistance against anthropomorphism has been. This essay includes a short analysis of Images of Animals by Eileen Crist, and The New Anthropomorphism John S. Kennedy. In spite of the authors’ oppositional views, the analysis focuses on similarities between the authors. In conclusion, it is suggested that the aim of these works is to give fair descriptions of other animals. It is also suggested, as opposed to the analyzed approaches, that we need as great a plurality of symbols as possible if we are to describe other animals as fairly as possible.
Native American Ethology and Animal Protectionist Rhetoric in the Long Enlightenment
Authors: Doran Thomas
Published: July 2021

This article explores how ethnographic writing and travel narratives in the long eighteenth century sometimes revealed and other times concealed the influence of Native American folk zoology on scientific knowledge and practice. I argue that various forms of animal-protectionist rhetoric emerged alongside a developing study of animal behavior in the period 1700–1812 as a result of the complex interaction of Euro-colonial and Native American knowledge systems and ethical practices.
Kinship of Different Kinds
Authors: Nash Catherine
Published: July 2021

This paper brings together an attentiveness to genealogical imaginaries of human and animal lineage and pedigree as modes of figuring connection and difference and recent approaches to interspecies kinship to explore the kinships of horses and people in Iceland. They include the entanglements of human genealogies, family histories, and horse ancestries; the practice of kinship through horses; and human-horse relationships that are shaped by human understandings of kinship among horses. It explores the possibility of recognising the subtle spatialities of kinship between horses and people and the agency of horses in these proximate and partial connections.
David Farrier, Anthropocene Poetics. Deep Time, Sacrifice Zones, and Extinction
Authors: Moe Aaron M.
Published: July 2021

-
Sarah Bezan and James Tink, ed. Seeing Animals After Derrida
Authors: Still Judith
Published: July 2021

-