bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Trait in the Biography of Kalokyros from Cherson
Authors: Alekseienko Nikolay , Arzhanov Aleksey
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The limited range of written sources, studied to a certain extent that provided various
interpretations of the Byzantine prosopography, makes every new monument of sigillography capable of replenishing
and enlarging our notion of this or that historical figure (by clarifying their careers or biographies) a very valuable
source, sometimes allowing the one to enlarge the earlier known account. This is certainly the case of the seals of
the famous Kalokyros, a member of the elite of Cherson. Methods. The comparative analysis of the written sources
account and the earlier-known molybdoboulla of this member of the administration of Cherson uncovers some of
the pages (still rather disputably) of his biography and career. All the rest is still a matter of discussion. Analysis
and results. In this connection, one of the new sigillographic finds in Cherson is of particular interest, as it reveals
a previously unknown episode from the life of this representative of the local elite. The seal legend states that its
owner, Kalokyros by name, possessed the rank of protospatharios and held the position of the proteuon of Cherson.
There is no doubt that the new seal reflects the earliest stage of his career, before he got the title of patrikios and took
part in the well-known Byzantine embassy to Prince Sviatoslav of Rus’ (in 967 AD), and, accordingly, clarifies the
Byzantine written sources’ account on the status of this representative of Cherson. Contribution of authors: Нistorical,
sigillographic and epigraphic analysis – N.A. Alekseienko; historical and archaeological survey – A.Yu. Arzhanov.
The Battle at Demetrias in the Thessalian Campaign of John Palaiologos: A Military Historical Reconstruction
Authors: Zolotovskiy Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The author proposes a new reconstruction of the military-political conditions for the organization of the Thessalian campaign of John Palaiologos, as well as the major naval battle in the history of the Late Byzantine Empire that took place during it. The warfare between the Latin and Byzantine fleets at Demetrias is of interest due to the possibility of battle practice analysis in the context of the formation of the early Palaiologian military-strategic concept and the development of late Byzantine military art in general. Methods. The methodological basis of the work is the critical use of elements of systemic approaches. It should be noted that the system approach allows us to reveal the role and level of mutual influence of political and socio-economic factors that determined the specifics of military organisation and the development of military science and battle practice. Analysis and results. After the renewal of the church union discussion, hoping for the support of Clement IV in the war of the anti-imperial forces, the Byzantines organized a new large-scale campaign in Thessaly. In the spring of 1273, the army of many thousands was sent there. An analysis of the sources that reported detachments about the second stage of the campaign showed that along with the decision to send the French knights to Neopatras, the Lombard barons of Euboea began to form a flotilla. The purpose of the squadron being formed was to inflict a crushing defeat on Byzantium at sea. The reconstruction of the battle at Demetrias showed that the Byzantines were not prepared for the naval battle that had begun. This was due to the fact that the fleet under the command of Philanthropenos, within the framework of the Thessalian campaign, only an auxiliary role was assigned. It could equally act as a cover for the land forces from potential assistance from the Euboean barons and also be used to reshuffle a large land contingent to the area of the main warfare. The analysis of the naval battle showed that the Byzantine army’s military successes were based not only on the talent of the commanders who commanded the military troops during the period of the military organization degradation. In such a significant battle, the defeat of which the entire imperial fleet was threatened with destruction, Philanthropenos’s squadron won thanks to professional training and combat experience, which was based on knowledge of Byzantine polemology. The outcome of the battle was influenced by the composition and number of the ground forces involved, as well as the use of stratagems.
George Pachymeres’ Walking as a Problem
Authors: Stelnik Evgeny
Published: December 2024

Introduction. In George Pachymeres’ historical work, “walking” turns out to be synonymous with a certain political situation. Certainly, the conflict between Michael VIII and Patriarch Arsenius is a peculiar nerve of the Byzantine historian’s historical narrative, and the Arsenite controversy is a significant problem for the Byzantine state, society, and church. In this sense, the “insignificant” “walk” seems to be a fairly accurate metaphor for the emerging political conflict, expressing certain power relations. Such a walk is nothing less than “the will to power in a discursive state.” In other words, Pachymeres’ walking man resolves issues of power by his very movement. Methods and materials. Walking as an act of everyday life has been scrutinized in contemporary cultural studies literature. From a structuralist perspective, to walk is to “speak.” Walk, in this sense, is a whole implicit sign system, with its own signs, structure, rhythm, and context. Walking turns out to be an important social gesture. In this sense, the tired but still walking patriarch of Nicaea, Arsenius the Autorianus (c. 1200–1273), should be properly understood. Analysis. This “walking” is an exceptionally vivid gesture (especially vivid in that the patriarch, not a young man at all, does not stop in his persistence even at night). Before us is not just a personal offense of Arsenius, a man who was deceived and betrayed. It is worth noting that Arsenius himself was regent under John Lascaris, and his inert patriarchal administration, actively issuing documents confirming the privileges of the monasteries, was the only legitimate authority. Such a movement of Arsenius was not so much a protest against the removal of the minor John Laskaris and usurpation of power by Michael VIII but also a defense of his authority. Results. The walking patriarch in George Pachymeres is certainly a very personal moment in the narrative. In fact, an ancient hero appears before us, challenging Fate (and Michael VIII Palaeologus, according to Pachymeres, is simply the evil Rock of the Empire) without hope of victory, where the very tragedy of the situation only emphasizes its heroism and exclusivity.
Antihero of His Time: The Byzantine Emperor John VII Palaiologos
Authors: Kushch Tatiana
Published: December 2024

Introduction. This article reveals the political activities of John VII Palaiologos, who struggled against Manuel II Palaiologos (1391–1425) for the title of heir, and later on for power over the Byzantine Empire. John VII’s political portrait, created primarily by his competitor, presents John VII as the main culprit in inciting civil strife and involving the empire’s main enemies, the Ottomans, in its internal affairs. The purpose of the work is to raise and answer the question of how well John VII deserved this assessment. Methods and materials. The article has analysed the information provided by Byzantine historical and rhetorical works, Russian chronicles, and the accounts of Western writers. The said information has been researched within the context of the political events in Byzantium in the second half of the fourteenth and early-fifteenth centuries. Analysis. As a son of Andronikos IV, John VII had every reason for his dynastic claims, as he received the title of co-ruler as early as 1377. Additionally, he could lay claim to the throne by the right of primogeniture. He also won the sympathies of a part of the citizens of the imperial capital, who viewed him as an “Andronikos’ son,” the legitimate contender for the throne. However, when struggling for power, he relied on the Ottomans, who were interested in maintaining political instability in the empire. John VII and Manuel II tried to resolve the dynastic conflict several times, and only the early death of John VII finally ended the feud. Results. The conclusion is that John VII Palaiologos, who had reasons to become a hero of his time, finally became an anti-hero.
The Concept “Improvement” (“βελτίωσις” – “βελτίωμα”) of Byzantine Documents: The Preliminary Survey
Authors: Vin Yury
Published: December 2024

The most important sources for studying “improvements” throughout the Byzantine Middle Ages remain acts and documents. In them, ideas about “improvement,” no matter how they were expressed, were given a special, comprehensive significance. The terminological meaning of “improvements” in agriculture is predetermined by the cultivation of the soil and conscientious care of plantings. The main object of any improvements was clearly identified as the landlord’s estate and the farms of the landowners, which required additional costs. The economic component of “improvements” is also obvious in rental cases. The concept of “improvement” has become the main criterion in calculating the costs actually incurred by both parties and payments made, as well as the fulfillment of obligations assumed by tenants. The scope of the “improvements” made due to the construction and reconstruction of houses, especially in estates and urban estates, was quite significant. In many acts, the concept of “improvement” became one of the components of the instructions of the authorities, whether secular or spiritual, which concerned the way of life of various groups of Byzantine society. The standard, at first glance, formulaic clauses of acts acquired a special meaning when the settlement of private law problems, crossing the conventional boundaries of public administration, covered the sphere of public law. There are numerous examples when “improvements” directly concern churches, monasteries and other church buildings and institutions. Depending on the conditions described, the content of the notion “improvement” acquires additional connotations. They were determined by the influence of various factors, from fiscal and legal significance to moral and ethical assessments. Everything that has been said about the concept of “improvement” in its entirety testifies to the sociocultural significance of the ideas and concepts considered regardless of the lexical methods of their expression. Directly or indirectly, ideas about “improvement” permeated all layers of medieval Byzantine society. The study of this concept undoubtedly serves to reveal the essence of social and, more specifically, both local and communal relations among the medieval Byzantines, as well as to clarify the role of the spiritual principles in their everyday behavior. The article consists of an Introduction, a number of sections (General Views, Methods of Expression, Distribution, Pragmatics, Perception, Socio-cultural Significance), characterizing the specificities of perception and the socio-cultural significance of “improvements” in Byzantine society, and the Conclusion.
Two Pieces of Imperial Correspondence from the Collectio Thessalonicensis: Issues of Their Authenticity and Contents
Authors: Gratsianskiy Mikhail
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The Collectio Thessalonicensis is a collection of documents compiled in the 9th century, in which, in addition to papal letters to the bishops of Illyricum and to the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Proclus and Anatolius, two lengthy fragments have been preserved, representing a letter from the Western Emperor Honorius (395–423) to the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II (408–450) and the latter’s response. The correspondence apparently took place in 422 and is devoted to the privileges of the Roman see in Eastern Illyricum, which shortly before had become a prefecture of the Eastern Roman Empire with its capital at Thessalonica. The authenticity of these letters has long been rejected in the scholarly literature. As a consequence, the task of the article is to present the arguments of the old literature, provide new evidence of the authenticity of both fragments, and highlight the ecclesiastical-political and ecclesiastical-administrative situation that they reflect. Analysis. The arguments of J. Friedrich, Th. Mommsen, and E. Chrysos in favour of the forgery of these fragments are considered. These arguments range from complete denial to partial acceptance of their authenticity, with speculation about the motives for the falsification and the timing of its implementation. The author of the article points out the inconsistency of these arguments. The newest casual arguments of P. Riedlberger, which deny their authenticity, are also refuted. Based on ascertaining the authenticity of these documents, the author reconstructs the circumstances of the correspondence between the two emperors and the motives of both correspondents in recognising the authority of the Roman see in Eastern Illyricum. The text of the messages and their connections with other similar imperial documents are analysed, and the factor of influence on their composition of the ecclesiastical circles of the West and the East is determined. Results. Contrary to the old literature, the authenticity of fragments of correspondence between Honorius and Theodosius II on the issue of church and administrative affiliation of Eastern Illyricum has been put beyond doubt. The letters fit well into the context of other surviving imperial documents that did not have a legislative nature but related to issues of church policy and church governance. From them it is clear that church and administrative issues were entirely under the jurisdiction of the emperors: neither the Pope nor the Patriarch of Constantinople had the means to obtain jurisdiction in a particular region, bypassing the opinion of the emperors.
Codex-Convolutes BnF Supplément Grec 607: Paleography, Codicology and Time of Making
Authors: Kurysheva Marina
Published: December 2024

The Greek manuscript-convolute BnF Suppl. gr. 607, consisting of five parts united under one binding, has not yet been the subject of a comprehensive codicological analysis, nor has a paleographic study of all its individual parts been carried out. In the paper, with the help of paleographic analysis, all these parts were dated: the paper sheet with the owner’s inscription and four riddles – the end of the 16th century; fragments of the “History” by Nicetas Choniates from the first half to the middle of the 13th century; fragments of homilies by John Chrysostom from the end of the 11th to the beginning of the 12th century; an incomplete collection of Ancient and Byzantine passages from historians and excerpts from military treatises from the end of the 9th to the beginning of the 10th century; fragments of orator Lysias’ speeches from the second half of the 15th to the 16th centuries. On the basis of the analysis of codicology and the data available to us about the activity of its first owner, Minoides Minas, it is concluded that this convolute was made by him himself from the remains of the codices, which were previously separate. And it is concluded that there is no evidence that any parts were combined earlier. The 1510s binding was either acquired separately and used as a folder for valuable fragments of various manuscripts or belonged to one of the five parts, possibly a codex of Lysias' speeches.
Accentuation Systems in Byzantine Greek Inscriptions and Graffiti in Cappadocia
Authors: Evdokimova Аlexandra
Published: December 2024

Introduction. An analysis of fresco inscriptions from different regions of the Byzantine Empire has shown that their spelling may reflect dialectal features. At the same time, the accentuation systems used in them also characterize the author’s style and often vary, combining elements of the Alexandrian, Byzantine, and logical systems. Methods. Cappadocian inscriptions and graffiti were analyzed according to Jerphanion’s publication in comparison with photographs of Cappadocian frescoes from various Internet repositories. Material. The article presents the results of the analysis of the use of accentuation marks in 142 inscriptions on frescoes of the 10th – 12th centuries and in 19 graffiti. Results. The 142 inscriptions on the frescoes reflect a special tradition of using trema that existed in Cappadocia. In addition to the classic case of placing it at the beginning of a series of names, such as John, Jacob, etc., it is often placed in the initial position in place of a thick aspiration. Another variant of its use is to emphasize those cases when iota is written instead of η. In a number of monuments, almost all the inscriptions are accentuated in a system close to the Alexandrian, with marking of unstressed syllables and with a visual display using prosody signs of tone movement. In other inscriptions, the first element of the diphthong is marked with stress, which is characteristic not only of the Alexandrian system. Stresses on abbreviations are also found in the function of logical stress. The authors of 19 graffiti used accentuation signs, including for shortening words and indicating a line break. And the gravis in them often marked words within the framework of the logical accentuation system.
Three Novellae of Alexius I Comnenus in the Nomocanon of Saint Sava
Authors: Ilić Tamara
Published: December 2024

Chapter 46 of the Nomocanon of St. Sava was an important point in establishing the Christian model of marital and premarital relations in the newly founded Archbishopric of Žiča. Together with the rules laid down in Chapters 55, 56, 58, and 59, it was part of the mixed, canonical and secular materials regulating the topic. This paper presents and analyzes the content of Chapter 46, which contains a section with three laws promulgated by Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus. The Novella of 1095 regulates the process of proving freedom for persons descended from “Bulgarians and the like” and introduces mandatory religious marriage, which the scholarship interprets as the full penetration of the Christian notion of grace into this sphere of life. The other two novellae (1084 and 1092) regulate lawful, “genuine” betrothal, per ecclesiastical and secular law. It was to precede marriage and required a religious ceremony of betrothal for persons of age. The Novella 1092 was enacted on the occasion of receiving an oikonomia from the previous requirements. These Novellae of Alexius I Comnenus were drawn up in response to the peculiar needs of the Byzantine state and society and the conflicting positions in this branch of law; they also directly led to the writing of numerous church treatises and polemics in Constantinople and the provinces. Some of those writings were included in the Nomocanon of St. Sava. Therefore, although grouped into a separate section, Alexius’ novellae should be seen in the context of other rules on betrothal and marriage adopted upon the establishment of the autocephalous Serbian Church.
Five Anastasiae and Two Febroniae: A Guided Tour in the Maze of Anastasia Legends. Part Two: The Roman Dossier. II. Anastasia Between Bassilla and Petronilla (Concluding Part)
Authors: Lourié Basil
Published: December 2024

In this concluding part of the study of the western hagiographical dossier of St Anastasia, the attention is focused on two main problems: the earliest cult of St Anastasia in Sirmium (replacing the cult of St Bassilla with the cult of St Anastasia) and the cult of Anastasia and Petronilla in the St Andrew church created by Pope Symmachus near St Peter’s cathedral. The development of the cult of St Petronilla (the legendary daughter of Apostle Peter) is related to a specific commemoration of St Peter established by Pope Leo the Great.
Poseidon and Pluto as Creators of the Human Soul in George Gemistos Plethon’s Pantheon
Authors: Senina Tatyana
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article examines the place of the creators of the human soul in the theological system of George Gemistos Plethon. In his interpretations of the Chaldean Oracles, Plethon calls the “second god” the “direct creator of the soul”; in the Plethon’s “Book of Laws,” this god is Poseidon, second after the supreme god Zeus, called the “immediate head” of humans. At the same time, in the “Book of Laws,” the gods-children of Zeus are called “creators” and “co-creators,” assistants of Poseidon in the creation of the universe; in particular, Pluto is the “head” and “ruler” of souls, the “leader” of humans. Why, then, is Pluto not the direct creator of the soul, if Poseidon uses him as an intermediary? Methods. Methods employed in this article are source research, information analysis, and comparative research. Sources on the subject include Plethon’s “Book of Laws,” commentaries on the Chaldean Oracles, and “On the differences of Aristotle from Plato.” Analysis. A consideration of the hierarchy of gods and their functions in the pantheon of Plethon shows that Gemistos calls Poseidon “the immediate creator” of the soul and “the immediate head” of humans, meaning that Poseidon is such as the immediate, in contrast to Zeus, creator of the world as a whole. Thus, Poseidon, like his father Zeus, whose only possible accurate image he is, is called δημιουργός and παραγωγός not in the same sense in which the other gods, whose assistance he uses in the creation of separate parts of the universe, can be so called. Results. Poseidon, as the totality of all forms of beings, is the immediate creator of the entire world as a whole, including the human soul. Other gods, including the “chief of human nature” and the “head of our immortal part,” Pluto, are responsible only for separate parts of the universe, and for them, “creation” and “production” of the corresponding parts of the universe turn out to be closer to “ordering,” “decoration,” and “guidance.” Appendix. The article is accompanied by a Russian translation of Plethon’s “Summary of the doctrines of Zoroaster and Plato.”
The “Sermon on Law and Grace” in the Context of the Russian-Byzantine Conflict in the Mid-11th Century
Authors: Vinogradov Andrey
Published: December 2024

The article offers a new interpretation of the ideological content of the Sermon on Law and Grace in the context of the Russian–Byzantine conflict in the mid-11th century. Presented, apparently, in the Tithe Church on March 26, 1049, it contains Yaroslav’s program to strengthen the prestige and independence of the Russian Church. The compilation of the Sermon was entrusted to one of the most educated Eastern Slavs of his time, the princely presbyter Ilarion: on the one hand, he did not directly subordinate to the metropolitan, and on the other, the prince did not directly reveal the origin of his initiative. By showing that the era of Jewish law was replaced by the era of Christian grace, Ilarion demonstrates that Russia took an equal place among Christian nations thanks to its baptism by Prince Vladimir, who himself was baptized miraculously. Without directly calling Vladimir a saint, the author raises his status by likening him to the apostles and saints. To Constantine the Great, which also sanctifies his descendants and, first of all, Yaroslav, represented as the successor of his father’s work. In addition to this, Ilarion introduces for the first time in Russian literature the idea of the divine establishment of the prince’s power, likening him implicitly to the Byzantine emperor, whom Yaroslav guided in his construction of churches and their decoration. Thus, Yaroslav, like the Emperor, also gets the right to interfere in the affairs of the Church, which happened very soon, in 1051.
THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE FOR DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF COORDINATE
Authors: Pavlov Andrey
Published: December 2024

We consider the analytical 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑝) functions in different coordinate systems. The centers of coordinates of the new systems are located in the (𝐴, 0) points, with the r variable. With point of view of the new coordinate system we obtain some new 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝐴) equations for the same 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) graph for the only function, (the new equation of the same (𝑧, 𝑓(𝑝)) set of points for the 𝑝 = 𝑥, 𝑧 = 𝑦 complex variables). To prove the fact we can consider the 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑝) equation for the new 𝑝 = 𝑟 + 𝐴 variable with 𝑟 = 𝑥; by definition of the 𝑝 and 𝑟 variables 𝑝 = 𝑟 + 𝐴, (the 𝑝 variable we consider in the primary coordinate system, the 𝑟 variable we consider in the new coordinate system with the (𝐴, 0) center of coordinate); for all the 𝑟, 𝑥 variables 𝑟 = 𝑥 by definition of the radius-vectors in both coordinate systems, (𝑟 is other designation of 𝑥). The consideration of the equations results in periodicity of the 𝑓(𝑝) function. The same result we obtain for the complex 𝐹(𝑝) field, where 𝐹(𝑥+𝑖𝑦) = 𝑓(−𝑥+𝑖𝑦) by definition for the 𝑝 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 complex variable. In the new coordinate system the i constant is located on the OX axis instead of the 𝑂𝑌 axis. In the system of coordinates the new equation of the (𝑧, 𝑓(𝑝)) set of points (graph) is the same as in the initial system of coordinates. It is proved, that the 𝑓(𝑖𝑥 + 𝑦) field in relation to the 𝑥 = 𝑦 diagonal is equal to the 𝑓(−𝑖(−𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)) field in relation to the 𝑖𝑂𝑋 axis.
Transformation of Foreign Approaches to Understanding the Enterprise Competitiveness
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Zhulanov Evgeniy , Oksman Alexander ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of modern foreign approaches to understanding the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise and the main economic instruments for the development of competitive advantages. The purpose of the study is to identify the main approaches to the concepts of enterprise competitiveness, competitive advantages, methods, and tools of competition in regional and world markets mentioned in foreign literature and their structuring according to areas of analysis. Based on the application of methods of bibliographic historical analysis and comparative studies, four basic directions of foreign research in the field of competitiveness are identified. The features of differences analysis in the strategies of leading firms in relation to basic competitive dynamics available from foreign sources are analyzed. The ways for companies to achieve new leading positions in the industry are shown. The directions and possibilities for their integration with other companies are determined. A list of key areas is provided as part of the analysis of internal factors in the development of the industry life cycle and leading companies, i.e., industry leaders. The fundamentals of competitiveness research are shown based on an analysis of the gap between the resources required to enter the market and leadership in the industry. The role of technological innovation and other technological opportunities is outlined, opening windows for the entry of new firms into the market and industry and ensuring the introduction of new products. The reasons are given for the development of competitive advantages through training or the acquisition of new knowledge by employees of the enterprises. The importance of using network interaction strategies is shown in terms of their influence on increasing the level of training and the amount of
knowledge in enterprises, as well as the possibility of attracting a wider range and volume of resources to ensure the competitive advantages of the enterprise.
Growth of Manufacturing Industries as a Vector of Sustainable Development of Fuel and Energy Complex in Regions of Russia
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Zemlyacheva Ekaterina
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the identification of opportunities for using growth of manufacturing industries as a vector of sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex in the regions of Russia. Based on statistics of the Federal Service for State Statistics for 2022, a factor analysis of the sustainability of the fuel and energy complex was carried out using regression analysis. The regression model gave wide opportunities for the use of growth of manufacturing industries as a vector of sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex in the regions of Russia. The scientific novelty of the modeling results is explained because they gave a new vision of the sustainability of the fuel and energy complex. At the meso-level, regional economic systems in our country can achieve sustainability not only through the fuel and energy complex’s own growth potential but also through the realization of its strategically important infrastructural role in supporting the development of domestic manufacturing industries. This new vision made it possible to clarify exactly how different factors influence the sustainability of the fuel and energy complex in domestic regions in the current conditions of the worsening sanctions crisis. Based on the author’s point of view, the article presents an improved management approach, original in that organizational and management activities in it in the fuel and energy complex are focused on a more full support of the development of manufacturing industries as a source of growth and development of the regional economy. The approach will help improve the management efficiency of sustainable development in the fuel and energy sectors. It is supplemented by a forecast for the period until 2028, the practical significance of which is that it can be used as a “road map” in the development and implementation of state policy to support the sustainability of the fuel and energy complex in domestic regions.
MARKETING PROBLEMS IN AGRICULTURE: ESPECIALLY IN THE FIELD OF GRAPE FARMING
Authors: Abbasova Nurana Namik , Sheydai Turkan Ali
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The main purpose of the research study is to compare viticulture, one of the leading branches of Azerbaijani agriculture, in the world market and to develop this field by eliminating the marketing problems that arise during the analysis. Need for the study. The concept of marketing in agriculture includes all the activities in the process of preparation, standardization, storage, delivery to the market and finally delivery of the agricultural product, starting from the quantity and quality of the product to be produced by the producer. Recent times, the growing demand for food due to population growth has led to an increase in the demand for agricultural products. What needs to be done at this point is that agricultural producers can influence market demand with proper marketing efforts. Because the awareness of consumption of natural agricultural products affects the choice of products and purchasing behavior of consumers, and the reason for this is the presence of chemical substitutes for agricultural products in many countries. Methodology. The data required for the article were collected by survey method. Then, the statistical relationships of the data collected by the survey method were investigated. Findings. As a result, important problems of marketing of agricultural products were discovered in a number of regions of Azerbaijan. Practical Implications. Advertising factors were seen as the main negative effect during the research. It was recommended that work be done in this direction.
GENERAL PERSPECTIVES OF CAREER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bîrlădeanu Gheorghina Liliana
Published: December 2024

The best way to predict the future is to build it. (Abraham Lincoln). Each of us, the moment one focuses its attention on a field, aspiring to have a certain profession, implicitly thinks about a certain profession. Career management integrates career planning and development and also, in a broader sense, implies multiple functional interdependences of planning the career individually, of planning the organizational career and the career development. Career management is a point of interest both for the employee and the employer, representing a planning and implementation process of targets, strategies and plans, which allow the organization to satisfy its needs of human resources and the people to fulfill their career purposes. There are individual differences regarding career orientation. Humans are not all the same, they differ when it comes to abilities, values, objectives and preferred activities. Although different from one another, people do have many things in common. Starting from this approach, specialists in this field have revealed modalities of classifying people, modalities that focus on the major models of resemblances and differences regarding career orientation.
THE INTERSECTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, ETHICS, INTERNAL AUDIT, AND BANKRUPTCY RISK MANAGEMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Bulău Carmen Mihaela , Matei (Pană) Mirela , Mustățea Aura Oana , Coman Mihaela Denisa
Published: December 2024

This study employs a mixed-methods approach to delve into the intricate interplay among corporate governance, bankruptcy risk, forensic accounting, internal auditing, and ethics. While prior research has highlighted the correlation between weak governance, increased bankruptcy risk, and ethical lapses, the synergies among these factors necessitate deeper investigation. The authors conducted a meticulous bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database, focusing on the realms of accounting, internal audit, forensics, bankruptcy, and ethics within the overarching domain of corporate governance. Emphasizing the importance of robust governance principles in mitigating risks in accounting, the study revealed a substantial coverage of resources across various disciplines, with accounting (54.6%) and ethics (25.1%) leading the distribution. The dataset, comprising 5990 resources from 495 publications cited 151,911 times spanning from 1978 to March 2024, serves as a valuable resource for scholars aiming to fortify organizational resilience by integrating critical concepts identified in this research.
EUROSYSTEM CENTRAL BANKS' CLIMATE-RELATED FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-MONETARY POLICY PORTFOLIOS
Authors: Kaab Omeir Ahmad , Vasiliauskaite Deimante
Published: December 2024

This article explores the climate-related financial disclosures of Eurosystem central banks' non-monetary policy portfolios, focusing on adherence to the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). Through an analysis of disclosures from 20 central banks in the euro area, it investigates governance structures, reporting practices, and metrics used to assess climate risks and opportunities. Findings reveal significant variability in transparency levels, particularly regarding governance and the frequency of climate issue reporting to boards. The mandatory metrics, including Weighted Average Carbon Intensity, Total Carbon Emissions, and Carbon Footprint, were commonly disclosed, while voluntary metrics remained underutilized. The study highlights gaps in standardized reporting and emphasizes the need for enhanced disclosure practices to support effective climate risk management within central banks. Recommendations include more comprehensive reporting aligned with TCFD guidelines, improved transparency in governance disclosures, and adopting additional metrics for a clearer understanding of climate-related risks. These findings contribute to the growing literature on sustainable finance, offering insights that may guide future policy development in central banks' climate risk management practices.
EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH COACHING AI APPLICATIONS FOR NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES’ MANAGEMENT: IMPACT ON BEHAVIOR CHANGE
Authors: Mikava Nino
Published: December 2024

The rising prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic respiratory illnesses underscores the urgent need for effective management strategies. This study investigates the effectiveness of health coaching applications enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) in promoting behavior change among individuals having NCDs. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research evaluates user engagement, adherence to treatment regimens, and the impact of application features including personalized interventions, real-time feedback, and community support. Data was collected through surveys distributed among NCD patients using various health coaching applications. Preliminary findings indicate that personalized health coaching significantly enhances user adherence and engagement, with specific features being instrumental in driving positive health outcomes. Additionally, barriers to effective use, such as data privacy concerns and technology access, were identified. This research contributes to the understanding of how AI applications can optimize NCD management and offers insights for developers and healthcare providers to enhance the usability and effectiveness of these technologies. Ultimately, findings aim to inform the design of future health coaching applications, ensuring they better meet the needs of patients managing chronic health conditions.
FROM ORIGINS TO INNOVATIONS: AI'S ROLE AND THE COST IMPACT ON COMPUTER VISION
Authors: Tirana Kledia , Bejleri Endri
Published: December 2024

The field of Computer Vision, a pivotal subdomain of Artificial Intelligence (AI), has seen extraordinary advancements since its emergence in the 1960s. This paper examines the historical development of Computer Vision technologies, tracing the journey from early foundational models, such as Frank Rosenblatt’s Perceptron, to contemporary breakthroughs driven by Deep Learning. Key milestones are explored, including the development of algorithms like Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Viola-Jones for face detection, and Eigenfaces, which paved the way for modern solutions such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), YOLO and FaceNet. The paper highlights the evolution of face detection and recognition techniques, contrasting traditional methods with the transformative capabilities of Deep Learning-driven approaches. Additionally, we analyze the growing computational demands of modern algorithms, discussing the trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency and their implications for practical applications. This study underscores the rapid progression of Computer Vision, its challenges, and its role as a cornerstone in shaping the future of Artificial Intelligence.
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE UNDER THE AGE OF 60 AND OVER THE AGE OF 60 IN COVID-19 VACCINATION RATES AND VACCINE BRAND PERCEPTION
Authors: Tomše Denis , Strašek Rok , Toroš Jani
Published: December 2024

This article deals with differences in users’ perception towards COVID-19 vaccination and towards individual COVID-19 vaccine brands. Since COVID-19 is much more dangerous to the elderly population, this article deals with differences between those under the age of 60 and those over the age of 60. The results show that there are some differences between those two groups. For the group of people under the age of 60, the duration of protection is more important (39%), while the brand of vaccine is less important (25%). In contrast, the vaccine brand is of much greater importance (34%) and the duration of protection less important (25%) for the group of people over the age of 60. The study also showed differences in relation to individual brands of COVID-19 vaccines, with both groups preferring Pfizer to other brands, which is not surprising, since there was the least amount of negative media coverage about Pfizer, especially compared to AstraZeneca. The vaccine brand is surprisingly more important to those over the age of 60 than to those under the age of 60, while the effectiveness of the vaccine is equally important for both groups and both groups are equally sensitive to duration and side effects of the vaccine.
DOCTOR MIGRATION: UNPACKING ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
Authors: Tosunoğlu Mahir , Aslan Tunahan , Cieślik Andrzej , Valiyev Turgud
Published: December 2024

Health expenditures are vital indicators of a nation’s social and economic progress, playing a key role in welfare and sustainable development. A well-functioning healthcare system relies on an adequate and skilled workforce, yet many countries face shortages, prompting reliance on international labor migration. This study investigates the economic and social drivers of health labor migration, focusing on doctors in 15 high-income countries from 2011 to 2019. Using panel data analysis, we found that lower wages significantly drive migration, with a 1% increase in wages reducing health worker migration by 0.08%. The results underscore the importance of fair remuneration in retaining healthcare professionals within their home countries. Moreover, destination countries with better training infrastructure and career advancement opportunities create additional pull factors, compounding the challenges faced by source countries. Globalization further facilitates migration by lowering barriers and harmonizing professional standards. These findings highlight the urgent need for policy interventions to address wage disparities and mitigate brain drain while ensuring global health workforce equity.
CORPORATE DECISION-MAKING AND THE IMPACT OF ACQUISITIONS ON SHARE PRICES: THE CASE OF VERIZON
Authors: Vasiliauskaite Deimante , Hrytsiv Kateryna , Tkachenko Oleksandra , Zhakun Marharyta
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of Verizon Communications Inc.'s acquisition of Yahoo on the company's stock performance, using a combination of statistical, visual, and multiscale analytical methods. The research analyzes how strategic corporate decisions, particularly acquisitions, influence short-term and long-term stock behavior. Data spanning from 2014 to 2024 was analyzed to capture pre-acquisition, acquisition, and post-acquisition trends. The methodology integrates boxplot visualizations to explore variability and outliers, quantile analysis to assess distributional characteristics, and descriptive statistics to summarize key metrics such as mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Tabulation analysis evaluates associations between stock returns and trading volumes, while wavelet analysis decomposes stock returns into multiple time scales to identify short-term fluctuations and long-term trends. Results reveal significant volatility during key events, such as the Yahoo acquisition in 2017 and the COVID-19 pandemic, with daily fluctuations peaking at ±6. Medium-term adjustments (4–8 days) exhibited moderate changes, and long-term trends (32-day cycles) showed structural shifts, including positive coefficients in 2017 (+0.5) and negative coefficients in 2020 (-0.6). The research highlights the heavy-tailed nature of return distributions and skewed trading volume patterns. This study provides insights into the multifaceted effects of acquisitions on stock performance, offering valuable implications for investors and corporate managers in optimizing strategic decisions.
VALUATION MODEL OF CROWDFUNDING CAMPAIGNS APPLYING SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING METHOD
Authors: Venslavienė Santautė , Kartašova Jekaterina
Published: December 2024

Every investor has some difficulties when investing into crowdfunding campaigns, as it is not clear how to evaluate specific crowdfunding campaign or what success factors to choose. The aim of this study is to propose the crowdfunding campaign assessment model, test it empirically and illustrate how to select the most appropriate crowdfunding campaign for individual investor to invest. Multi-criteria methods, used in the evaluation process, enable to get objective answers about the effectiveness of the optimal crowdfunding campaign comprehensively by presenting some generalized indicators and considering both quantitative and qualitative data. The obtained empirical results comparing two crowdfunding campaigns show that the proposed method could be used for evaluating complex processes of the optimal crowdfunding investments, and could be adapted for various situations.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE LEVEL OF THE SĂLAJ COUNTY POLICE INSPECTORATE
Authors: Demian Roxana
Published: December 2024

This study highlights the changes in human resource management, the shift from traditional paradigms to an individual-centered approach, and the importance of continuous learning and adaptability. It describes the sustainable development of human resources in the Sălaj County Police Inspectorate, emphasizing the crucial role in maintaining public order and cooperation with various institutions, the activity of the structures of the Human Resources Service and the Professional Training Office within the unit, structures with essential activities in the management and development of police personnel. The culmination of the study is the analysis of the professional training within the inspectorate, which highlights the progress and adaptability in the training of the personnel within the Sălaj County Police Inspectorate, but also the importance of effective communication and recognition of meritorious in achieving institutional performance.
Escrita como ação
Authors: Santos Evandro
Published: December 2024

Este artigo pretende problematizar as escolhas feitas pelo historiador alemão, radicado nos Estados Unidos, Peter Gay (1923-2015), ao dedicar-se à escrita de uma biografia de um dos mais importantes pensadores críticos da modernidade: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Assim, após inserir a biografia no escopo de preocupações teóricas demarcado na obra do historiador e biógrafo em questão, a análise encaminha-se para a conclusão de que, a despeito da relevância do trabalho, confirmada pelos estudiosos da obra de Gay, a biografia por ele escrita, mais que situar Freud em sua época, tende a relatar o que estava autorizado ser dito em narrativas de vida definidas como uma das formas possíveis de escrita da história, no enquadre dos últimos anos do século XX, como denuncia o próprio subtítulo do estudo biográfico ora examinado.
Türkülerdeki Söz Varlığının Kültürel Motiflerle Değerlendirilmesi -Safranbolu Örneği
Authors: Ertan Hacısuleymanoglu Gulcan
Published: December 2024

Bir yörenin kültürel özelliklerini barındıran en önemli unsur şüphesiz ki sözlü kültürel öğelerden olan halk türküleridir. Belli bir yörede yakılan halk türküleri, içinde üretildiği toplumun sosyal yaşantısının dinamiklerini, gelenek-göreneklerini, dini yaşantısını, coğrafi yapısını, soyut ve somut kültürel değerlerini, yemeklerini, yörede yetişen bitkileri, hayvanları velhasıl gündelik hayatın olasılıklarından türeyebilecek sınırsız bir konu evreninden beslenir. Nesilden nesile toplum kültürünün sözlü ve sözsüz aktarılmasına aracılık ederek bireylerin içinde yaşadığı topluma karşı aidiyet duygusunu geliştirerek zaman içinde uluslaşma sürecine de doğrudan katkı sağlar. Dolayısı ile türkülerde bulunan söz varlıkları bu bağlamda önemlidir. Safranbolu ülkemizin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde Karabük iline bağlı bir ilçe merkezidir. Tarihi M.Ö. 3000’li yıllara dayanan Safranbolu pek çok kültüre ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu durum Safranbolu’nun çok katmanlı kültürel bir yapı kazanmasını sağlamıştır. Kültürel yapısını, soyut ve somut kültürel varlıklarını zamana meydan okurcasına özenle koruyan kent, bunun sonucunda 1994 yılında UNESCO tarafından dünya miras listesine alınmıştır. Safranbolu’nun kültürel bu özellikleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, yöre türkülerinin sözvarlığı açısından araştırılması kıymetli olacaktır. Bu çalışmamızda kaynak olarak Safranbolu yöresine ait Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) repertuvarında bulunan Safranbolu türkülerinin yanı sıra Adnan ATAMAN’ın yazdığı, İTÜ Türk Musikisi Devlet Konservatuvarı Sanatçı Öğretim Görevlisi Dr. Süleyman ŞENEL tarafından derlenerek notaları, kaynak kişileri, derleyen ve notaya alan bilgileri verilerek yayına hazırlanan “Safranbolu Türküleri ve Oyun Havaları” adlı kitaptaki toplam 58 türkü literatür taraması kapsamında incelenerek sözvarlığı açısından içerdiği kültürel motifler tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda tarihi süreçte yörede mimari, coğrafi, kültürel pek çok söz varlığı tespit edilmiş olup özellikle de sosyal yaşam ile coğrafi yapı arasında paralellik olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın yönteminde hem nitel hem de nicel yaklaşım kullanılmıştır.