bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous quantification of catecholamines in rat brain by high‐performance liquid chromatography with on‐line gold nanoparticle‐catalyzed luminol chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Mu Chunlei , Zhang Qi , Wu Dong , Zhang Yunjing , Zhang Qunlin
Published: June 2014

A new method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with on‐line gold nanoparticle‐catalyzed luminol chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of catecholamines in rat brain. In the present CL system, gold nanoparticles were produced by the on‐line reaction of H2O2, NaHCO3−Na2CO3 (buffer solution of luminol) and HAuCl4. Norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP) and dopamine (DA) could strongly enhance the CL signal of the on‐line gold nanoparticle‐catalyzed luminol system. The UV−visible absorption spectra and transmission electron microscopy studies were carried out, and the CL enhancement mechanism was proposed. Catecholamines promoted the on‐line formation of more gold nanoparticles, which better catalyzed the luminol–H2O2 CL reaction. The good separation of NE, EP and DA was achieved with isocratic elution using a mixture of methanol and 0.2% aqueous phosphoric acid (5:95, v/v) within 8.5 min. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits, defined as a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3, were in the range of 1.32–1.90 ng/mL, corresponding to 26.4−38.0 pg for 20 μL sample injection. The recoveries of catecholamines added to rat brain sample were >94.6%, with the precisions <5.5%. The validated HPLC−CL method was successfully applied to determine NE and DA in rat brain without prior sample purification. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of dienogest in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic applications under fasting
Authors: Pallapothu Leela Mohan Kumar , Batta Neelima , Pigili Ravi Kumar , Yejella Rajendra Prasad
Published: June 2014

A simple, rapid and sensitive analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) detection with positive ion electrospray ionization was developed for the determination of dienogest in human K2EDTA plasma using levonorgestrel d6 as an internal standard (IS). Dienogest and IS were extracted from human plasma using simple liquid–liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax XDB‐Phenyl column (4.6 × 75 mm, 3.5 µm) under isocratic conditions using acetonitrile–5 mm ammonium acetate (70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min. The protonated precursor to product ion transitions monitored for dienogest and IS were at m/z 312.30 → 135.30 and 319.00 → 251.30, respectively. The method was validated with a linearity range of 1.003–200.896 ng/mL having a total analysis time for each chromatograph of 3.0 min. The method has shown tremendous reproducibility with intra‐ and inter‐day precision (coefficient of variation) <3.97 and 6.10%, respectively, and accuracy within ±4.0% of nominal values. The validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human plasma samples generated after administration of a single oral dose of 2.0 mg dienogest tablets to healthy female volunteers and was proved to be highly reliable for the analysis of clinical samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a complete human anti‐human transferrin receptor C antibody as a novel marker of oral dysplasia and oral cancer
Authors: Nagai Kentaro , Nakahata Shingo , Shimosaki Shunsuke , Tamura Tomohiro , Kondo Yuudai , Baba Takashi , Taki Tomohiko , Taniwaki Masafumi , Kurosawa Gene , Sudo Yukio , Okada Seiji , Sakoda Sumio , Morishita Kazuhiro
Published: June 2014

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Up to 20% of oral dysplasia cases have been suggested to undergo malignant transformation to OSCC; however, there are no methods to predict OSCC development. In this study, to identify the genes associated with oral dysplasia progression, we performed genomic copy number analyses of genomic DNA samples isolated from primary oral dysplasia and OSCC via the microdissection method and found elevated expression of transferrin receptor C (TfR1/TFRC) with genomic amplification in oral dysplasia and OSCC. The expression rate of TFRC in OSCC was significantly higher than that in dysplasia, suggesting that OSCC disease progression might be related to TFRC expression. Additionally, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo impacts of a newly established anti‐human TFRC monoclonal antibody, which was isolated from a human cDNA library using the phage‐display method, on cell proliferation and survival. The anti‐TFRC antibody blocked the interaction between transferrin and TFRC and consequently inhibited iron uptake, leading to the iron deprivation‐mediated suppression of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Moreover, we demonstrated that the anti‐TFRC antibody efficiently inhibited tumor growth in a murine xenograft OSCC model. Therefore, we suggest our developed complete human anti‐human TFRC antibody as a useful, novel treatment for oral dysplasia and OSCC.
Let‐7 microRNA‐binding‐site polymorphism in the 3′UTR of KRAS and colorectal cancer outcome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Langevin Scott M. , Christensen Brock C.
Published: June 2014

There is a small but growing body of literature regarding the predictive utility of a Let‐7 microRNA‐binding‐site polymorphism in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of KRAS (KRAS‐LCS6) for colorectal cancer outcome, although the results are conflicting. We performed a review and meta‐analysis in an attempt to better clarify this relationship. A PubMed search was conducted to identify all studies reporting on KRAS let‐7 microRNA‐binding site polymorphism (LCS6; rs61764370) and colorectal cancer outcome. Hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted or estimated from each manuscript. Log HRs and log CIs were combined across studies using the inverse‐variance weight to calculate fixed‐ and random‐effects summary estimates and corresponding 95% CIs for overall and progression‐free survival. We did not observe any significant association between overall or progression‐free survival, neither when considering all colorectal cancer patients nor for subgroup analyses (metastatic, anti‐EGFR [epidermal growth factor receptor] treatment, or KRAS wild type). There was substantial heterogeneity across studies, overall and among subgroups analyzed. We have found no clear evidence to support an association between the KRAS‐LCS6 genotype and overall or progression‐free survival among colorectal cancer patients, even after conducting subgroup analyses by stage and anti‐EGFR treatment status. This information helps to clarify the confusing body of literature regarding the clinical implications of the KRAS‐LCS6 genetic variant on colorectal cancer outcomes, indicating that it should not be used at the present time to personalize therapeutic strategies (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42013005325).
Nimbolide inhibits IGF‐I‐mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signalling in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231)
Authors: Elumalai Perumal , Arunkumar Ramachandran , Benson Chellakkan Selvanesan , Sharmila Govindaraj , Arunakaran Jagadeesan
Published: June 2014

The insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) signalling pathway contributes a major role on various cancer cell proliferation, survival and cell cycle. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of nimbolide on IGF signalling and cell cycle arrest in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines. The protein expression of IGF signalling molecules and cell cycle protein levels was assessed by western blot analysis. In order to study the interaction of nimbolide on IGF‐1 signalling pathway, IGF‐I and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) were used to treat MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Further, the cell cycle arrest was analysed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of IGF signalling molecules was significantly decreased in nimbolide‐treated breast cancer cells. PI3K inhibitor and IGF‐I with nimbolide treatment notably inhibited phosphorylated Akt. The cell cycle arrest was observed at the G0/G1 phase, and accumulation of apoptotic cells was observed in nimbolide‐treated breast cancer cell lines. Nimbolide also increased the protein expression of p21 and decreased the cyclins in both the cell lines. Nimbolide decreases the proliferation of breast cancer cells by modulating the IGF signalling molecules, which could be very useful for the breast cancer treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Different Ruthenium Nickel Bimetallic Nanostructures and an Investigation of the Structure–Activity Relationship for Benzene Hydrogenation to Cyclohexane
Authors: Zhu Lihua , Cao Maohong , Li Li , Sun Hanlei , Tang Yanqing , Zhang Nuowei , Zheng Jinbao , Zhou Hua , Li Yunhua , Yang Lefu , Zhong Chuan‐Jian , Chen Bing H.
Published: June 2014

The catalytic properties of catalysts are generally highly dependent on their nanostructures in most heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Therefore, to acquire targeted catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, catalysts with a specific nanostructure should be designed and synthesized. Herein, Ru‐Ni bimetallic nanoparticles with different nanostructures, Ru‐Ni alloy, Ru@Ni, and Ru clusters‐on‐Ni on carbon, have been synthesized by annealing Ru‐Ni/C in flowing N2+10 % H2 at different temperatures. The various nanostructures of the Ru‐Ni bimetallic nanoparticles have been characterized and their catalytic behaviors were evaluated using benzene hydrogenation to cyclohexane. The relationship between the Ru‐Ni bimetallic nanostructures and their catalytic performance is presented. It was found that Ru‐Ni alloy/C and Ru clusters‐on‐Ni/C are much more active than Ru@Ni/C. This study also provides a simple method to design and control the nanostructures of the Ru‐Ni bimetallic nanoparticles.
Stereo‐ and Chemoselective Character of Supported CeO2 Catalysts for Continuous‐Flow Three‐Phase Alkyne Hydrogenation
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Wrabetz Sabine , Floryan Leonard , Schuster Manfred Erwin , Girgsdies Frank , Teschner Detre , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: June 2014

TiO2‐, Al2O3‐, and ZrO2‐supported CeO2 catalysts with different Ce loadings were prepared by wet impregnation of the carriers with an acidified solution of cerium ammonium nitrate. The calcined catalysts were characterized by bulk and surface‐sensitive techniques, which included microcalorimetry, and evaluated in the three‐phase hydrogenation of alkynes under continuous‐flow conditions at variable temperature (293–413 K) and pressure (1–90 bar). A number of acetylenic compounds, which contain terminal or internal triple bonds, conjugated unsaturations, and additional functionalities, were systematically assessed. The results revealed the full stereo‐ and chemoselective character of the ceria catalysts, which outperform the well‐known Lindlar catalyst, and open promising perspectives for the revolutionary use of a cost‐effective oxide for the production of olefinic compounds in the vitamin and fine chemical industries.
Revealing the Fine Details of Functionalized Silica Surfaces by Solid‐State NMR and Adsorption Isotherm Measurements: The Case of Fluorinated Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ciogli Alessia , Simone Patrizia , Villani Claudio , Gasparrini Francesco , Laganà Aldo , Capitani Donatella , Marchetti Nicola , Pasti Luisa , Massi Alessandro , Cavazzini Alberto
Published: June 2014

The structural and chromatographic characterization of two novel fluorinated mesoporous materials prepared by covalent reaction of 3‐(pentafluorophenyl)propyldimethylchlorosilane and perfluorohexylethyltrichlorosilane with 2.5 μm fully porous silica particles is reported. The adsorbents were characterized by solid state 29Si, 13C, and 19F NMR spectroscopy, low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption, elemental analysis (C and F), and various chromatographic measurements, including the determination of adsorption isotherms. The structure and abundance of the different organic surface species, as well as the different silanol types, were determined. In particular, the degree of so‐called horizontal polymerization, that is, Si‐O‐Si bridging parallel to the silica surface due to the reaction, under “quasi‐dry” conditions, of trifunctional silanizing agents with the silica surface was quantified. Significant agreement was found between the information provided by solid‐state NMR, elemental analysis, and excess isotherms regarding the amount of surface residual silanol groups, on the one hand, and the degree of surface functionalization, on the other. Finally, the kinetic performance of the fluorinated materials as separation media for applications in near‐ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography was evaluated. At reduced velocities of about 5.5 (ca. 600 bar backpressure at room temperature) with 3 mm diameter columns and toluene as test compound, reduced plate heights on the order of 2 were obtained on columns of both adsorbents.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Zintl—Klemm Concept: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Charge Density Study of the Zintl Phase CaSi.
Authors: Kurylyshyn Iryna M. , Faessler Thomas F. , Fischer Andreas , Hauf Christoph , Eickerling Georg , Presnitz Manuel , Scherer Wolfgang
Published: June 2014

The nature of the chemical bonds in the Zintl phase CaSi is investigated by a combined experimental and theoretical charge density analysis to test the validity of the Zintl‐Klemm concept.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Behavior of (LaxCe1‐x)1.33Pt4Ga10 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1).
Authors: Macaluso Robin T. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2014

Plate‐like crystals of (LaxCe1‐x)1.33Pt4Ga10 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are prepared by flux melting of the elements with excess Ga (alumina crucible in evacuated quartz tube, 1150 °C, 7 h, cooling to 350 °C with a rate of 8 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Topochemical Pseudomorphosis of a Chloride into a Bismuthide.
Authors: Kaiser Martin , Rasche Bertold , Ruck Michael
Published: June 2014

Complete topochemical exchange of Cl‐ ions for Bi in the intermetallic subhalide Bi12Rh3Cl2 is achieved by heterogeneous reaction of crystals with BuLi (70 °C, 2 d) leading to the isostructural metastable intermetallic superconductor Bi14Rh3.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of New Gallium‐Containing Polyoxotungstates with Hexanuclear and Tetranuclear Cores.
Authors: von Allmen Kim , Car Pierre‐Emmanuel , Blacque Olivier , Fox Thomas , Mueller Rafael , Patzke Greta R.
Published: June 2014

The new compound (IV) exists with two similar structures, namely with the monoclinic space group C2/c (Z = 2) and with the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ (Z = 2).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Terminal Alkynes to β‐Trifluoromethyl α,β‐Enones.
Authors: Sanz‐Marco Amparo , Garcia‐Ortiz Andrea , Blay Gonzalo , Pedro Jose R.
Published: June 2014

The first enantioselective conjugate alkynylation of β‐trifluoromethyl α,β‐enones (II) using terminal alkynes (I) and a taniaphos‐Cu(I) complex as catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unprecedented Pd‐Catalyzed trans‐Addition of Boronic Acids to Ynamides.
Authors: Yang Yuanfa , Wang Lina , Zhang Jieni , Jin Yali , Zhu Gangguo
Published: June 2014

The title reaction affords α,β‐disubstituted enamides such as (III), (V), and (VII) in good yields with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Iron‐Catalyzed Alkyne Hydrogenation in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Gieshoff Tim N. , Welther Alice , Kessler Michael T. , Prechtl Martin H. G. , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: June 2014

Iron nanoparticles in ionic liquids are shown to catalyze the semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Trialkylbismuthines with 2‐Haloazines and Diazines.
Authors: Gagnon Alexandre , Petiot Pauline
Published: June 2014

An efficient method for the cross‐coupling of primary trialkylbismuth compounds with 2‐haloazines‐ and ‐diazines, that tolerates various functional groups is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano Cerium Oxide as a Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of N‐Monosubstituted Ureas with the Aid of Acetaldoxime as an Effective Water Surrogate.
Authors: Sajadi S. Mohammad , Maham Mehdi
Published: June 2014

The applied catalyst can be reused at least three times.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Symmetrical N,N′‐Alkylidene Bisamides Catalyzed by Acetyl Chloride.
Authors: Mehrabi Hossein , Kanani Elham
Published: June 2014

The presented simple one‐pot procedure affords the products isolated by simple crystallization without any need for complicated purification methods.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Unprotected Sulfonimidamides Using Boronic Acids.
Authors: Battula S. R. K. , Subbareddy G. V. , Chakravarthy I. E.
Published: June 2014

Notable advantages of the novel method are a low‐cost catalyst, base‐free conditions, and good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines with Unsymmetrical 2,6‐ and 3,5‐Substituents.
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liu Qingjian , Zhang Wenwen , Chen Qing
Published: June 2014

The presented variation of the classical Hantzsch synthesis constitutes a facile one‐pot two step procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐f]phenanthridine Derivatives via Dipolar Cycloaddition of Phenanthridine, Activated Acetylenes, and Ethyl Bromopyruvate.
Authors: Mehrabi Hossein , Pishahang Jaleh
Published: June 2014

The three‐component reaction of phenanthridine with activated acetylenes and bromopyruvate affords pyrrolophenanthridine regioisomers (IV) and (V) without the need of any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrosilylation Catalysis by an Earth Alkaline Metal Silyl: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Bis(triphenylsilyl)calcium.
Authors: Leich Valeri , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun
Published: June 2014

Bis(triphenylsilyl)calcium, obtained in high yield as a crystalline THF‐adduct, efficiently and regioselectively catalyzes the hydrosilylation of activated C—C double bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Pregnane Glycosides from the Roots of Cynanchum atratum
Authors: Wang Shilei , Shan Weiguang , Ma Liefeng , Zheng Zhenzhen , Ying Youmin , Zhan Zhajun
Published: June 2014

isolation and structure elucidation of two new pregnane glycosides, cynatraosides A (I) and B (II), along with six known steroids
ChemInform Abstract: Simenoside A, a New Triterpenoid Saponin from Gypsophila simonii Hub‐Mor
Authors: Arslan Idris
Published: June 2014

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Synthesis of the Antiplasmodial Alkaloid (.+‐.)‐Cassiarin C Based on a Microwave‐Assisted Thermal Azaelectrocyclic Reaction.
Authors: Hibino Satoshi , Choshi Tominari , Tsuchiya Yuhta , Nishiyama Takashi , Hatae Noriyuki , Nemoto Hideo , Tazaki Yoshinari
Published: June 2014

The synthesis of alkaloid (I) is achieved in six steps in 60% overall yield from dihydroxymethylchromanone.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Pyrrolidine Alkaloids, Codonopsinol C (Ia) and Codonopiloside A (Ib), Isolated from Codonopsis pilosula
Authors: Wakana Daigo , Kawahara Nobuo , Goda Yukihiro
Published: June 2014

isolation and structural elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Cytotoxic Metabolites from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride.
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Qi‐Qing , Hu Xiao , Gong Mei‐Wei , Zhang Wei‐Wei , Zheng Qiu‐Hong , Liu Qin‐Ying
Published: June 2014

Trichoderiol C (I), citrinoviric acid (II), and penicillenol D (III) are isolated from T.
ChemInform Abstract: Ideal Three‐Dimensional Electrode Structures for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Chabi Sakineh , Peng Chuang , Hu Di , Zhu Yanqiu
Published: June 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Key Issues in the Targeted Synthesis of Inorganic Substances
Authors: Zlomanov V. P.
Published: June 2014

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Based Catalysts for the Hydrolysis of NaBH4 and NH3BH3
Authors: Demirci Umit B. , Miele Philippe
Published: June 2014

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Molecule Magnet Engineering: Building‐Block Approaches
Authors: Pedersen Kasper S. , Bendix Jesper , Clerac Rodolphe
Published: June 2014

Review: 295 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination‐Directed Metallation Strategy for C—H Functionalization
Authors: Cuesta Luciano , Urriolabeitia Esteban P.
Published: June 2014

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Activated Cross Conjugated Cycloalkenone Systems in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wu Yen‐Ku , Ly Tai Wei , Shia Kak‐Shan
Published: June 2014

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Microbial Signaling Molecules: Quorum‐Sensing Pheromones and Microbial Hormones
Authors: Yajima Arata
Published: June 2014

Review: [70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Meso‐Superstructured Solar Cells with a High Efficiency Exceeding 12%
Authors: Hu Yun Hang
Published: June 2014

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐Derived Solid Acid Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Low‐Cost Feedstocks: A Review
Authors: Lokman Ibrahim M. , Rashid Umer , Yunus Robiah , Taufiq‐Yap Yun Hin
Published: June 2014

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesostructured Hybrid Organic‐Silica Materials: Ideal Supports for Well‐Defined Heterogeneous Organometallic Catalysts
Authors: Conley Matthew P. , Coperet Christophe , Thieuleux Chloe
Published: June 2014

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Elementary Electron Transfer Reactions: From Basic Concepts to Recent Computational Advances
Authors: Borrelli Raffaele , Peluso Andrea
Published: June 2014

Review: 118 refs.
Human papillomavirus testing in young women: Clinical outcomes of human papillomavirus triage in a UK cervical screening program
Authors: McKenna Michael , McMenamin Mary M.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

In the United Kingdom, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is used to triage women with borderline cytology or mild dyskaryosis; however, in young women, the value of triage is limited by the high HPV prevalence rate. The current study examined the impact of HPV triage on colposcopy referral, colposcopy procedures, and patient outcome in a cervical screening population that included women aged < 25 years.

METHODS

Women aged 18 to 65 years attending for cervical screening in Northern Ireland were tested for HPV if their cytology result demonstrated borderline cytology or mild dyskaryosis. Of the 866 women eligible for HPV triage, those who tested negative for HPV were returned to routine screening and women who tested positive were referred to colposcopy.

RESULTS

HPV prevalence was 82.07% in women aged < 25 years and 54.69% in women aged ≥ 25 years. Colposcopy referrals increased by 42.67%. The odds of undergoing a large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) compared with punch biopsy increased by 0.056 per year above the age of 31 years. LLETZ performed in women aged ≥ 25 years and those aged < 25 years yielded rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of type 2 or higher (≥ CIN2) of 57.04% and 80.00%, respectively. The positive predictive value of HPV triage for detecting ≥ CIN2 was 29.92% in women aged < 25 years and 27.51% in the older age group.

CONCLUSIONS

HPV triage substantially increased colposcopy referrals. The positive predictive value of a positive HPV test to detect ≥ CIN2 was not affected by age. LLETZ performed in women aged < 25 years yielded higher rates of ≥ CIN2 compared with the older age group. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:702–710. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Differential LRRK2 expression in the cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra in transgenic and nontransgenic rodents
Authors: West Andrew B. , Cowell Rita M. , Daher João P.L. , Moehle Mark S. , Hinkle Kelly M. , Melrose Heather L. , Standaert David G. , Volpicelli‐Daley Laura A.
Published: June 2014

Mutations in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are found in a significant proportion of late‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Elucidating the neuroanatomical localization of LRRK2 will further define LRRK2 function and the molecular basis of PD. Here, we utilize recently characterized monoclonal antibodies to evaluate LRRK2 expression in rodent brain regions relevant to PD. In both mice and rats, LRRK2 is highly expressed in the cortex and striatum, particularly in pyramidal neurons of layer V and in medium spiny neurons within striosomes. Overall, rats have a more restricted distribution of LRRK2 compared with mice. Mice, but not rats, show high levels of LRRK2 expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Expression of the pathogenic LRRK2‐G2019S protein from mouse bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) constructs closely mimics endogenous LRRK2 distribution in the mouse brain. However, LRRK2‐G2019S expression derived from human BAC constructs causes LRRK2 to be expressed in additional neuron subtypes in the rat such as striatal cholinergic interneurons and the substantia nigra pars compacta. The distribution of LRRK2 from human BAC constructs more closely resembles descriptions of LRRK2 in humans and nonhuman primates. Computational analyses of DNA regulatory elements in LRRK2 show a primate‐specific promoter sequence that does not exist in lower mammalian species. These noncoding regions may be involved in directing neuronal expression patterns. Together, these studies will aid in understanding the normal function of LRRK2 in the brain and will assist in model selection for future studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2465–2480, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
INSTANCES: incorporating computational scientific thinking advances into education and science courses
Authors: Landau Rubin , Mulder Greg , Holmes Raquell , Borinskaya Sofya , Kang NamHwa , Bordeianu Cristian
Published: June 2014

The conceptual framework and initial steps taken by a project that aims to incorporate computational scientific thinking into the university‐level classes taken by preservice and in‐service teachers (education majors) are described. The project is called INSTANCES, an almost‐acronym for incorporating computational scientific thinking advances into education and science courses, and is supported by National Science Foundation as part of their Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics program. The overall goal of the project is to provide an introduction to scientific thinking with computation. Mathematics, programming, algorithmic thinking, and computing accuracy are explicit elements of the science education curriculum, and they are included as integral elements in modules that walk teachers through various examples of computational scientific thinking. Brief descriptions of the modules and their use are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPA stability for children in foster care: Mental health implications and moderation by early intervention
Authors: Laurent Heidemarie K. , Gilliam Kathryn S. , Bruce Jacqueline , Fisher Philip A.
Published: June 2014

Research on stress‐sensitive biological systems has typically focused on activation at one time, yet recent theories emphasize dynamic, context‐specific adaptation. This study tested hypothesized calibration of one such system by examining both mean levels and longitudinal stability of daily cortisol—reflecting hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activation—in children exposed to high‐risk versus lower‐risk caregiving contexts. Context‐specific effects of longitudinal cortisol profiles were addressed via relations with child psychiatric symptoms. Children from regular foster care, foster children participating in a family‐based intervention, and community comparison children (n = 96 total) collected saliva samples for cortisol assay at 29 timepoints across 6+ years. High‐risk (regular foster care) children showed lower and more variable cortisol levels than their lower‐risk (treatment foster care, community comparison) counterparts. For the high‐risk children only, higher and more stable cortisol related to elevated anxiety symptoms. Implications for contextual calibration of stress systems and family intervention mechanisms are discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1406–1415, 2014.
Application of a modified gaseous exposure system to the in vitro toxicological assessment of tobacco smoke toxicants
Authors: Breheny Damien , Cunningham Fiona , Kilford Joanne , Payne Rebecca , Dillon Deborah , Meredith Clive
Published: June 2014

Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of over 6,000 individual chemical constituents. Approximately 150 of these have been identified as ‘tobacco smoke toxicants’ due to their known toxicological effects. A number of these toxicants are present in the gaseous phase of tobacco smoke. This presents a technical challenge when assessing the toxicological effects of these chemicals in vitro. We have adapted a commercially available tobacco smoke exposure system to enable the assessment of the contribution of individual smoke toxicants to the overall toxicological effects of whole mainstream cigarette smoke (WS). Here we present a description of the exposure system and the methodology used. We use the example of a gaseous tobacco smoke toxicant, ethylene oxide (EtO), a Group 1 IARC carcinogen and known mutagen, to illustrate how this methodology can be applied to the assessment of genotoxicity of gaseous chemicals in the context of WS. In the present study we found that EtO was positive in Salmonella typhimurium strain YG1042, a strain that is sensitive to tobacco smoke. However, EtO did not increase the mutagenicity of the WS mixture when it was added at greatly higher concentrations than those found typically in WS. The findings presented here demonstrate the suitability of this exposure system for the assessment of the mutagenic potential of gases in vitro. Whilst we have focused on tobacco smoke toxicants, this system has broad application potential in studying the biological effects of exposure to a wide range of gaseous compounds that are present within complex aerosol mixtures. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:662–672, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society
Synthesis of a phosphorus and sulfur‐containing aromatic diamine curing agent and its application in flame retarded epoxy resins
Authors: Xu Miaojun , Zhao Wei , Li Bin , Yang Kun , Lin Li
Published: June 2014

A novel curing agent of epoxy resins (EPO), bis(3‐amino‐2‐thienyl) phenylphosphine oxide (ABTPPO), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and 31P NMR. ABTPPO was used as a flame retardant curing agent, and a novel halogen‐free flame retardant EPO composite was prepared. The flame retardant properties of ABTPPO‐cured EPO were evaluated in terms of limiting oxygen index and vertical burning test (UL‐94), while the combustion and thermal degradation behaviors were investigated by cone calorimeter test (CONE) and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The cured EPO composite passed the UL‐94 V‐1 and V‐2 rating when the sample thickness is 3.0 and 1.6 mm, respectively, and the limiting oxygen index value reached 38.3%. The morphological structures of char residue tested by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that ABTPPO benefited to the formation of a more compact and homogeneous char layer on the materials' surface during burning, which protected the underlying matrix from decomposition and enhanced the flame retardancy of materials. The cured EPO showed excellent fire performance after the water resistance test because of the low water uptake (0.6 wt%), which demonstrated that the flame retardant EPO composite possessed excellent water resistance property. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of maize hardness by biospeckle and fuzzy granularity
Authors: Weber Christian , Dai Pra Ana L. , Passoni Lucía I. , Rabal Héctor J. , Trivi Marcelo , Poggio Aguerre Guillermo J.
Published: June 2014

In recent years there has been renewed interest in the development of novel grain classification methods that could complement traditional empirical tests. A speckle pattern occurs when a laser beam illuminates an optically rough surface that flickers when the object is active and is called biospeckle. In this work, we use laser biospeckle to classify maize (Zea mays L.) kernel hardness. A series of grains of three types of maize were cut and illuminated by a laser. A series of images were then registered, stored, and processed. These were compared with results obtained by floating test. The laser speckle technique was effective in discriminating the grains based on the presence of floury or vitreous endosperm and could be considered a feasible alternative to traditional floating methods. The results indicate that this methodology can distinguish floury and vitreous grains. Moreover, the assay showed higher discrimination capability than traditional tests. It could be potentially useful for maize classification and to increase the efficiency of processing dry milling corn.
Construction section U1/10 of the Vienna Underground / Der Bauabschnitt U1/10 der Wiener U‐Bahn
Authors: Herzfeld Thomas , Leitner Andreas , Gartner Ilse
Published: June 2014

As in most of the large European cities, the attractiveness of public transport is also an important matter for the inhabitants of Vienna. For this reason, the Vienna underground railway network has been continuously extended since its inception in 1978. At the moment, the extension of the Line U1 to the south is under construction, with about 50 % running underground and the rest either elevated or at ground level. Construction started in 2012 and the section should open in 2017. Part of this section is contract U1/10 Troststrasse, which runs underground. The tunnels mainly pass through loess and loess‐loam soils, and are favourably above the free groundwater table so that only perched groundwater had to be pumped out of wells in the area of the tunnels. The running tunnels are being constructed according to the principles of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). The station tunnels for track 2 are also being tunnelled according to the NATM although measures to reduce settlement were essential to comply with the requirement for the permissible tangential inclination of buildings. After various methods had been evaluated, a combination of a horizontal jet grout canopy supported on vertical jet grout columns was chosen. The shafts and the tunnel for track 1 were constructed in cut‐and‐cover with contiguous bored piles to support the excavation.

Wie in den meisten Großstädten Europas ist auch in Wien die Attraktivität des öffentlichen Verkehrs ein wichtiges Anliegen der Bürger. In diesem Sinn wird in Wien das U‐Bahnnetz seit seinem Start im Jahr 1978 kontinuierlich erweitert. Derzeit ist die Verlängerung der Linie U1 in Richtung Süden in Bau. Davon verläuft ca. 50 % unterirdisch, der Rest wird in Hochlage bzw. niveaugleich errichtet. Baubeginn war 2012 und 2017 soll diese Strecke in Betrieb gehen. Einer dieser Abschnitte ist das Baulos U1/10 Troststraße, das in Tieflage geplant ist. Die Tunnel kommen dabei zum größten Teil in Lössen bzw. Lösslehmen zu liegen, günstigerweise oberhalb des freien Grundwasserspiegels, sodass nur Schichtwasser durch Brunnen im Vortriebsbereich abgepumpt werden musste. Die Herstellung der Streckenröhren erfolgt in der Neuen Österreichischen Tunnelbaumethode (NÖT). Der Vortrieb der Stationsröhre Gleis 2 erfolgte ebenfalls in der NÖT, jedoch waren setzungsmindernde Maßnahmen zur Einhaltung der zulässigen Tangentenneigung an den Gebäuden unumgänglich. Nach Evaluierung verschiedener Methoden wurde eine Kombination aus horizontalem DSV‐Schirm aufgelagert auf vertikalen DSV‐Säulen gewählt. Die Schächte und die Stationsröhre Gleis 1 wurden in offener Bauweise mit aufgelösten Bohrpfahlwänden als Baugrubensicherung hergestellt.
Sliding slopes on the Gerlos Strasse / Rutschhänge an der Gerlos Straße
Authors: Burger Daniela , Haunschmid Bruno
Published: June 2014

Ever since being built in the middle ages, the Gerlos Strasse has been affected by slope sides and wild torrents, resulting in an almost continuous history of rebuilding and repairs with correspondingly high costs. The route is in the immediate vicinity of the Salzach Fault, one of the most significant fault zones on the eastern Alps, and the enormous forces that formed the mountains can be seen in action, together with the destructive erosion processes with their natural tendency to reduce the angle of the slope. Three individual events are described in order to illustrate the heterogeneous geological conditions, and the selected repair and protection measures for the infrastructure are briefly described. It appears that even with the geotechnical measures available today, an end to the permanent cycle of repair is still barely conceivable.

Seit ihrer Entstehung im späten Mittelalter ist die Gerlos Straße von Rutschungen und Murenabgängen betroffen, die einen nahezu ununterbrochenen Wiederherstellungs‐ und Sanierungsbedarf mit entsprechend hohem finanziellen Aufwand nach sich ziehen. Ihr Verlauf im unmittelbaren Nahebereich der Salzachstörung als einer der bedeutendsten Störungszonen der Ostalpen lässt die enormen gebirgsbildenden Kräfte wie auch die zerstörerischen Erosionsprozesse mit ihrer natürlichen Tendenz zur Verringerung der Hangneigungen eindrucksvoll vor Augen treten. Anhand dreier Einzelereignisse werden die heterogenen Untergrundverhältnisse dargestellt und die gewählten Sanierungs‐ und Sicherungsmaßnahmen für die Infrastruktureinrichtungen skizziert. Es zeigt sich, dass auch mit den heute zur Verfügung stehenden geotechnischen Mitteln ein Ende der Dauersanierungsmaßnahmen nur schwer absehbar ist.
Prediction of permanent soil deformations due to cyclic shearing with a hypoplastic constitutive model
Authors: Wegener Dirk , Herle Ivo
Published: June 2014

The prediction of permanent soil displacements due to alternating loading is important for assessing the stability and serviceability of transport network, foundations of machines and wind turbines as well as structures in earthquake regions. The accumulation of permanent displacements due to alternating loading depends on many factors which engineers attempt to capture in a corresponding stress‐strain relationship. Typical hysteretic soil behaviour during cyclic shearing and its description with a constitutive model are shown in this article.

The capability of the hypoplastic constitutive model with intergranular strains to reproduce the non‐linear and anelastic behaviour is discussed. The determination of the material parameters for describing shear stiffness degradation with increasing shear strain amplitude is considered and, simultaneously, an increase in stiffness after a change in shearing direction. A modification of the hypoplastic constitutive model, including one additional soil parameter, is proposed in order to describe accumulation effects more realistically. The additional parameter can be determined in cyclic shear or triaxial tests. How to reproduce realistically the accumulation of volumetric strains under drained conditions and excess pore pressures under undrained conditions during cyclic shearing is demonstrated.

Prognose bleibender Verformungen infolge zyklischer Scherung mit einem hypoplastischen Stoffgesetz

Die Prognosen von bleibenden Bodenverformungen infolge Wechselbelastung spielen zum Beispiel für die Beurteilung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Stabilität von Verkehrswegen sowie von dynamisch belasteten Gründungen, wie z. B. Maschinenfundamenten oder Windenergieanlagen, aber auch für Bauten in Erdbebengebieten eine wichtige Rolle. Die Akkumulation der Verformungen infolge Wechselbelastung hängt dabei von vielen Faktoren ab, die in einer entsprechenden Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Beziehung erfasst werden.

Im Artikel wird das typische Bodenverhalten infolge dynamischer Beanspruchung beschrieben und gezeigt, wie man dieses nichtlineare und anelastische Verhalten mit dem hypoplastischen Stoffgesetz mit intergranularen Dehnungen wirklichkeitsnah erfassen kann. Dabei wird auf die geeignete Wahl der Materialparameter zur Beschreibung der Abnahme der Steifigkeit mit zunehmender Scherdehnungsamplitude sowie die Zunahme der Steifigkeit nach einem Richtungswechsel der Belastung eingegangen. Für die realistische Erfassung des Bodenverhaltens infolge zyklischer Belastung werden eine Modifizierung des hypoplastischen Stoffgesetzes sowie die Einführung eines zusätzlichen Stoffgesetzparameters vorgenommen. Es wird gezeigt, wie dieser Parameter in zyklischen Scher‐ oder Triaxialversuchen bestimmt werden kann und wie damit die Akkumulation von volumetrischen Verformungen bei drainierten Verhältnissen bzw. von Porenwasserüberdrücken bei undrainierten Verhältnissen zuverlässig prognostiziert werden kann.
Missionary Kid Career Development: A Consensual Qualitative Research Investigation Through a Social Cognitive Lens
Authors: Bikos Lynette H. , Haney Deanna , Edwards Richard W. , North Mark A. , Quint Meg , McLellan Jillian , Ecker Diana L.
Published: June 2014

Repatriated, young adult children of international missionaries (missionary kids [MKs]) face unique challenges in education and career development. The authors conducted a consensual qualitative research investigation, grounded in social cognitive theory (Bandura, ), as it informs social cognitive career theory, of career planning and decision making with 11 repatriated MKs. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 23 years (58% female, 67% Caucasian) and had repatriated to the United States between the ages of 14 and 19 years, spending between 4 and 19 years abroad. The authors' interpretation of the study findings led to a context‐specific revision of Bandura's () Triadic Reciprocality Model. That is, regarding career development, faith intersects environmental variables, personal attributes, and overt behaviors in unexpected and multidimensional ways. Recommendations for researchers and practitioners include (a) attending to issues of sociocultural adaptation, (b) continuing to offer empirically supported (standard) career services to MKs, (c) using contextual and developmental approaches, and (d) inquiring about faith and calling.
A Career Developmental Perspective on the Therapeutic Alliance: Implications for Counseling
Authors: Braunstein‐Bercovitz Hedva , Cohen Eitan , Geller Shulamit , Benjamin Benny A.
Published: June 2014

This review explores the role played by childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) in selecting a career in the field of mental health and the potential positive and deleterious effects of these career‐choice motives on the therapeutic alliance. The reviewed findings support the assumption that CEM may serve as a precursor for career choice of professions in the mental health field. Implications are suggested for the counselor/therapist–client relationship, also known as the therapeutic alliance, as well as for career counseling.
Vocational Concerns of Elementary Teachers: Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Occupational Commitment
Authors: McCarthy Christopher J. , Lambert Richard G. , Reiser Jenson
Published: June 2014

This study examines the vocational concerns of 185 elementary teachers. Participants were classified based on their perceptions of the magnitude of their classroom demands and resources. These groupings were then examined for differences in teachers' personal coping resources, job satisfaction, and occupational commitment. Results indicated that teachers classified as perceiving high classroom demand vis‐à‐vis classroom resources reported lower personal coping resources, less job satisfaction, and more plans to leave their current job.
Contextual Career Counseling for Transitioning Military Veterans
Authors: Rausch Meredith A.
Published: June 2014

Military culture is a unique subset of the United States, complete with its own language, writing style, norms, membership, rank structure, values, and laws (Harmon,). Using contextual theory for career counseling, counselor educators can assist counselors‐in‐training in understanding the effects of the military environment on clients who are military veterans. This article includes a review of the literature and a call for research.
Native nucleus pulposus tissue matrix promotes notochordal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells with potential for treating intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Liu Yongxing , Fu Susan , Rahaman Mohamed N. , Mao Jeremy J. , Bal B. Sonny
Published: June 2014

Native porcine nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue harbors a number of notochordal cells (NCs). Whether the native NP matrix supports the homeostasis of notochordal cells is poorly understood. We hypothesized the NP matrix alone may contain sufficient regulatory factors and can serve as stimuli to generate notochordal cells (NCs) from human pluripotent stem cells. NCs are a promising cell sources for cell‐based therapy to treat some types of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. One major limitation of this emerging technique is the lack of available NCs as a potential therapeutic cell source. Human pluripotent stem cells derived from reprogramming or somatic cell nuclear transfer technique may yield stable and unlimited source for therapeutic use. We devised a new method to use porcine NP matrix to direct notochordal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The results showed that hiPSCs successfully differentiated into NC‐like cells under the influence of devitalized porcine NP matrix. The NC‐like cells expressed typical notochordal marker genes including brachyury (T), cytokeratin‐8 (CK‐8) and cytokeratin‐18 (CK‐18), and they displayed the ability to generate NP‐like tissue in vitro, which was rich in aggrecan and collagen type II. These findings demonstrated the proof of concept for using native NP matrix to direct notochordal differentiation of hiPSCs. It provides a foundation for further understanding the biology of NCs, and eventually towards regenerative therapies for disc degeneration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1053–1059, 2015.
Role of molecular properties of ulvans on their ability to elaborate antiadhesive surfaces
Authors: Gadenne Virginie , Lebrun Laurent , Jouenne Thierry , Thebault Pascal
Published: June 2014

Antiadhesive properties of polysaccharides (such ulvans) once immobilized on a surface are described in the literature but the parameters governing their antifouling properties are not yet well identified. In the present study, the relationship between molecular parameters of ulvans and the inhibition of bacterial adhesion was investigated. To this aim, various ulvans were grafted on silicon wafers under two different experimental immobilization conditions. Results showed that the experimental immobilization conditions and the polysaccharides molecular weight led to specific layer conformations which exhibited a key role in the surface antiadhesive properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1021–1028, 2015.