bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased mean platelet volume is associated with acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Dervisevic Emina , Jogunčić Anes , Dervišević Muamer , Salihbegović Adis , Vukas Haris , Kadić-Vukas Samra , Prasko Subhija , Krupić Ferid
Published: June 2022

Background: The correlation between diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction is greater every day. The mean platelet volume (MPV), which is the determinant of platelet function, is an independent risk factor for the cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of each disease (hypothyroidism, hypertension, myocardial infarction) individually and combined on MPV in diabetic patients.Methods: The cross-sectional study included 102 patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2), of both sexes (46 females, 56 males), with the average age of 58.91 (SD=12.93). All the patients were treated at the Primary Health Centre in Zenica from May to July 2017. All patients had diabetes mellitus and the disease had lasted for 10 years in both sexes.Results: Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in patients with myocardial infarction than in those without myocardial infarction. Age, sex, HbA1c, BMI, lipids and platelet count did not show any significance in either group of patients. Regression analysis showed that the prevalence of myocardial infarction had the highest predictive significance for MPV values, (predictor importance 0.49; coefficient 1.275, p<0.001).Conclusions: Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction than in DM patients without myocardial infarction. Regression analysis showed correlation with acute myocardial infarction in patients with DMT2, but not with other chronic illnesses. The highest platelet volume indices were observed in patients with myocardial infarction. MPV can be used as a specific indicator in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction.
Influence of oxidative stress and effect of topical application of α-tocopherol on wound healing in a diabetic animal model
Authors: Nyamadzawo Amos T. , Nishio Junko , Ogawa Toshiko , Okada Shinobu
Published: June 2022

Background: Understanding mechanisms involved in development of diabetes mellitus-associated ulcers is vital to pioneering alternative care approaches. This study aimed to establish effects of oxidative stress (OS) and α-tocopherol’s effect on diabetic wound healing.Methods: Using two animal experimental designs surgical wounds were created in 4 groups of 9-week-old diabetic and non-diabetic rats. OS was induced through antioxidant enzyme inhibition. In experiment-1 wounds were allowed to heal. In experiment-2 varying concentrations of topical α-tocopherol and/or the ointment-base were administered to diabetic animal wounds. Intermittent comparison of wound morphology, histology and local and systemic OS parameters was done.Results: Irrespective of diabetic state, OS was associated with delayed wound size reduction and poor granulation-tissue collagen deposition. Delayed and subdued local glutathione peroxidase activity in response to wounding and OS induction was more pronounced in diabetic animals. Diabetic animals also showed higher serum malondialdehyde levels regardless of OS induction. Topical application of α-tocopherol was associated with denser wound granulation tissue collagen deposition but could not affect serum malondialdehyde levels.Conclusions: OS interferes with wound healing especially collagen deposition and the effect is more pronounced in a diabetic state. Topical α-tocopherol can improve collagen deposition in diabetic wounds but cannot counteract systemic OS, therefore combining systemic and local antioxidant supplementation has potential for use in DFU care.
Is empirical antibiotic treatment required in COVID-19 patients? What lessons have we learnt over the past 1 year?
Authors: Saseedharan Sanjith
Published: June 2022

Background: Secondary bacterial infections manifest during or after a viral infection(s) and can lead to negative outcomes and sometimes fatal clinical complications. The choice for an empiric antibiotic therapy requires a broad spectrum of activity against pathogens including beta-lactamase producing pathogens. Ceftriaxone+sulbactam+disodium EDTA is one of the antibiotic combinations used to prevent secondary infections. The objective was to evaluate rate of secondary bacterial infections in patients receiving empirical antibiotic therapy through retrospective analysis of data from a tertiary care center.Methods: A single center, retrospective analysis of data from hospital of COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU or wards was conducted. Patients who received empirical antibiotic therapy including ceftriaxone+sulbactam+disodium EDTA were included in the study.Results: 99 patients (mena age 75±9.89 years) were included in the retrospective analysis. Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities in the patients. The total WBC count was raised (12.36±9.01). All the biological markers were raised. 45% patients had abnormalities in chest X-ray. The mean CT severity index was 13.81±5.64. Bacterial superinfection was observed only in 1 patient.Conclusions: Bacterial co infections and secondary bacterial infections are a major risk factor for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. The use of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics such as ceftriaxone+sulbactam+disodium EDTA has significantly reduced the prevalence of secondary bacterial infections in patients with severe COVID.
Safety and efficacy of intraoperative Mitomycin C in pterygium
Authors: Ali Araf , Ashraf Ourfa , Sajjad Sheikh
Published: June 2022

Background: Pterygium recurrence rate after simple surgical excision is high. Many adjunctive treatments have been used to reduce the recurrence rates of pterygium development. This study was designed to evaluate the results of intraoperative use of Mitomycin C in patients with single recurrence of pterygium.Methods: this was a hospital based prospective study conducted in the department of ophthalmology SKIMS-MCH, Srinagar from January 2021 to December 2021. 30 eyes of 30 patients who had single recurrence of pterygium after excision underwent pterygium excision along-with concurrent use of intraoperative 0.04% Mitomycin C. Postoperative follow up was done for a period of 6 months.Results: A total of 30 eyes of 30 patients were taken (16 males patients and 14 female patients) with 16 right eyes and 14 left eyes. Recurrence was seen in 3 patients, two males and 1 female at 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks respectively. The side effects encountered were ocular discomfort, foreign body sensation, chemosis and hyperaemia.Conclusions: Intraoperative use of Mitomycin C in treatment of recurrent pterygium is safe and effective procedure.
Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorder among surgeons: a systematic review
Authors: Baraskar Shamika S. , Borkar Pradeep
Published: June 2022

Surgeons spend most of their working time in ergonomically challenging postures. These postures lead to musculoskeletal pain. WRMD’s consists various symptoms like pain, fatigue, stiffness, weakness. A significant prevalence of neck, shoulder, back and wrist pain has been reported among surgeons. The aim of the study was to study Epidemiology of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Surgeons. Article systematically reviews epidemiology studies on musculoskeletal disorder among surgeons, literature search was undertaken using google scholar, PubMed, Medline and ScienceDirect from last 10 years from 2012 to 2022. Total 11 studies were included. We applied the checklist, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), to assess the quality of reporting of the included studies. A total of 50 articles were identified. Exclusion criteria lead to 26 full-text articles being screened, generating a total of 11 articles for review. Seven cross sectional studies, two cohort studies and two observational studies were included. Based on analysis of included studies, most of the study stated high prevalence of cervical spine diseases among surgeons. They should represent a major step forward in prevention of WRMSDs among surgeons.
The effectiveness comparison of the Otago home exercise program with balance strategy exercise on dynamic balance in the elderly
Authors: Mahendra I Gede Putu Wahyu , Sundari Luh Putu Ratna , Vittala Govinda , Adi Putri Ni Made Rininta
Published: June 2022

Decreased balance can cause various obstacles and can cause injury to the elderly, one of which is falling. Falls cause hip fractures and more serious injuries such as head injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Otago home exercise. The research sample consisted of 30 respondents who were divided into the treatment group who received the Otago home exercise programme (OHEP) training as many as 15 respondents and the control group who received the balance strategy exercise (BSE) training as many as 15 respondents. After training 3 times/week for 4 weeks results were obtained, the difference in the average increase in dynamic balance was analyzed by paired sample t test before and after the intervention in the OHEP group with a p=0.000 (p<0.05) and the BSE group with a p=0.000 (p<0.05) which means that there is a significant difference in the increase in dynamic balance before and after training. Independent t test obtained p=0.000 (p<0.05) which means there is a significant difference between the two groups. The average percentage increase in dynamic balance in the OHEP group was greater than the BSE group with a difference of 12.36%. In conclusion based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the provision of the OHEP is better at improving dynamic balance than the BSE in the elderly.
Acute limb ischemia in patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Alexander Nick , Sudargo Giovanni Kurniawan , Setiadi Tiya
Published: June 2022

Acute limb ischemia is a sudden onset lower extremity emergency that threatens tissue viability and usually occurs within 14 days of symptom onset. Acute limb ischemia is one of the complications of myocardial infarction. In this case, a 54-year-old male patient came to the ER with the chief complaint of shortness of breath 30 minutes before going to the hospital, accompanied by cold sweat and nausea. The patient was diagnosed with acute pulmonary oedema, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), hypertensive heart disease with diastolic dysfunction, heart failure with decreased ejection fraction and type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the 6th day of treatment, the patient complained of right leg pain accompanied by coldness and difficulty moving. The patient was diagnosed with acute limb ischemia. This patient did not undergo endovascular revascularization surgery due to limited facilities and experts. The patient was given pharmacological therapy and the complaints improved. Therefore, it is important to be able to identify acute limb ischemia and be able to provide prompt and appropriate treatment.
Sneddon syndrome a case report and literature review
Authors: Leon Rafael R. P. , Sánchez Iliana N. C. , Reyes Jorge A. P. , Valdez Luis F. D. , Romero Luis F. A. , Corona Carlos U. C. , Lopez Diana K. S. , Chavez Marcos O. M. , Melgarejo Ivan A. S. , Vivanco Marlene I. M.
Published: June 2022

Sneddon’s syndrome (SS) is characterized by livedo racemosa (LR) or reticularis and recurrent ischemic strokes. At the skin and brain level a non-inflammatory thrombotic vasculopathy is observed. Almost 80% of cases are women around 40 years old. The most accepted etiological proposal is an autoimmune and inflammatory mechanism versus the presence of thrombophilia. Neurological manifestations occur in 3 phases: prodromal symptoms (headache, dizziness, and vertigo), recurrent strokes, and early-onset dementia. Livedo racemosa has been reported to precede strokes by more than 10 years. Treatment is mainly based on secondary prophylaxis preventing a stroke with antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents. The neuropsychiatric prognosis is relatively poor with deficits in concentration, attention, visual perception, and visuospatial skills.
Perspective of self-help groups, Panchayati Raj institution and adolescents on implementing COVID appropriate behavior in the community in rural settings
Authors: Alekhya G. , Sahoo Bimal Kumar , Taywade Manish , Pal Debkumar , Das Kajal
Published: June 2022

The vaccination drive in India brought cheers to the country's people, only to be eroded by the unpredictable twitch of the COVID-19 second wave. The best way to tackle the pandemic has been to adopt appropriate practices, thereby breaking the chain of transmission. The second wave in India has already created havoc both on the people and health system, questioning and challenging our capabilities to handle any heave of sudden cases, particularly in rural areas. Time has arrived to inflate our horizon by including groups of society close to the people, particularly in the rural community. Like the previous wave, COVID appropriate behavior was very much instrumental in slowing the pace. Adolescents’ self-help groups in coalition with Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRI) will be the main stand in the fight against the dreadful virus. Their main role is to translate the prevailing preventive measures into action among the very people they live around. Passing the right message through IEC/BCC to the right people will bring about dramatic changes in the attitude, belief, and exercise they do in their day-to-day life. PRIs members would utilize their powers to execute optimum administrative services. A decentralized approach involving these stakeholders will spearhead the fight against the pandemic. This trifold power shall bear the torchbearer in preventing the disastrous consequences of any upcoming wave, if any, in a holistic manner.
Peripheral neuropathy and impaired sensation of feet among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Nisansala M. W. Nilushi , Wimalasekera Savithri W. , Amarasekara Thamara D.
Published: June 2022

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most prevalent consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Impaired sensation of feet due to DPN increases the risk of foot injury. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess the level of glycemic control, the prevalence of DPN and the impaired sensation of feet among the T2DM patients attending community clinics.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 386 T2DM patients attending community clinics in Sri Lanka. The baseline data were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. DPN was diagnosed by Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) and monofilament test. Glycemic control was assessed by serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBS).Results: Among 386 T2DM patients, 265 (68.7%) were females, 179 (46.4%) had 1-5 years duration of disease. Poor long-term glycemic control (HbA1c) was observed in 292 (75.6%), while poor short-term glycemic control (FBS) was observed in 202 (52.4%). DPN was diagnosed in 68 (17.6%). Monofilament test assessed the touch sensation in 10 points of each foot. The ninth point (plantar central heel) of each foot was the commonest point with absent sensation. It was observed in 99 (25.6%) right feet and 94 (24.4%) left feet respectively.Conclusions: High prevalence of DPN and impaired sensation in specific sites of foot indicate high risk for foot disease. Most patients with DPN had poor glycemic control. Urgent interventions to attain glycemic control and testing for impaired sensation regularly are essential to decrease progression of DPN and foot disease.
Quality of life among pediatric residents in Riyadh
Authors: Almhizai Rheem A. , Alnazha Meshari N. , Alharbi Rola F. , AlRumaih Norah A. , Alkharashi Abdullah A. , Albadi Abdulmalik K.
Published: June 2022

Background: Until now, no locally based study has evaluated quality of life among pediatric residents, especially pediatric residents in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. The objective of this study was to evaluate quality of life (QoL) of the pediatric residents and report the factors affecting their quality of life.Methods: A cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire depending study that was distributed electronically to pediatrics resident to assess the quality of life in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study depended on self-reported questionnaire in which the questions were gathered specifically, from work-related quality of life (WRQoL) scale. To collect data, the self- administered questionnaire was sent through social media (twitter, WhatsApp).Results: In this study, we were able to collect data from 260 residents where 54.2% of them were females. In general, we found that 51.9% of the participants showed good level of QoL while 47.7% showed moderate level of quality of life and only 0.4% showed low levels of QoL. The percentage of residents who showed good quality of life among the six categories; CAW, JCS, HWI, SAW, GWB and WCS were 53.8%, 49.2%, 45.0%, 48.6%, 38.1% and 56.9% respectively. We did not find any significant factors that had impact on quality of working life among the residents.Conclusions: We found that 48.2% of the pediatric residents working in Al Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia showed moderate to low level of work-related QoL. Further studies are needed to determine the causes and improve the work-related quality of life among pediatric residents.
Factors contributing to occupational injuries and ill health among healthcare workers in selected hospitals in Nairobi County
Authors: Koskei Emily , Mburu Charles , Nyamongo Daniel
Published: June 2022

Background: In the context of the highly complex and hazardous work environment, particular challenges arise in pursuing protections for healthcare workers in this unique employment sector. Due to its unique mission of caring for the sick, self-preservation behaviors which normally aid in protecting workers are suspended in a culture of selfless commitment to patient care. The objective of this study is to investigate factors influencing occupational injuries and hazards among healthcare workers in selected hospitals in Nairobi County.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The scope included Kenyatta national hospital, Mama Lucy hospital, and Pumwani maternity hospital. A structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect information. A sample size of 304 healthcare workers was selected. Univariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to assess the association of study variables. Findings are presented in tables.Results: This research found that most of the healthcare workers (65.5%) are exposed to health hazards the commonest being cuts, wounds and lacerations (34.2%). The leading predisposing factors to health hazards are job related pressure (39.5%) and not wearing necessary PPEs (39.1%). There was a statistically significant relationship between experience of work-related injury and lack of enough supplies/materials and poor working environment (p<0.005).Conclusions: The study recommends that there should be much focus on creating awareness of occupational health hazards at the hospitals by the relevant stakeholders, preventive measures that will incorporate manageable workloads to reduce work-related pressure on the healthcare workers.
Perception and practice regarding management of childhood fever among parents of under five children in tertiary level of hospital, Nepal
Authors: Subedi Susheela , Basnet Susmita , Rijal Alisha , Chaugai Rashmi , Prakash Pooja , Chhetri Bima Thapa , Shah Sanjaya Kumar
Published: June 2022

Background: Fever is an extremely common occurrence in paediatric patients and the most common cause for hospital visit. Lack of knowledge regarding childhood fever can cause distress and anxiety among parents. It is one of the main reasons parents seek reassurance and advice from health care professionals. The objective of the study was to assess the perception and practice regarding management of childhood fever among parents of under five children.Methods: The analytical cross sectional study design was conducted among 135 parents of under five children admitted in medical ward of Kanti childrens’ hospital. Kathmandu Nepal, from December 2019 to January 2020. Face to face interview was done for data collection. Self-developed five points Likert scale was used for assessing perception and checklist was used for practice. Obtained data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20, descriptive and inferential statistics was used.Results: Study shows that majority of respondents were of age less than 30 years and 81% were female. Greater part of respondents 71.8% had fair perception on childhood fever. At the same time, half of the respondents 50.4% had poor practices on childhood fever management. The level of perception is strongly associated with educational status (p=0.002) while level of practices is strongly associated with number of children (p=0.040 and residence (p=0.001) of respondents.Conclusions: Overall findings showed that more than two third of the respondents had fair perception towards childhood fever and about half of the respondents had poor practices of childhood fever management which concluded the need of educational intervention and additional research regarding childhood fever.
Postpartum sexual activity and contraceptive use among women in a southwest health facility Osun State Nigeria
Authors: Oke Oluwaseyi F. , Oke Elizabeth O. , Owonikoko Kola M. , Oladiran Taiwo W. , Adewole Adefisoye O. , Adu Temitope S. , Ojedokun Samson A. , O. Orji Ernest
Published: June 2022

Background: The post-partum period presents a risk in unwanted/unplanned conception and often frustrating desire for contraceptive. This study aimed to determine the factors enhancing resumption of sexual intercourse, contraceptive usage and barriers to timely uptake of family planning methods.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 women within 3 to 16 weeks postpartum. Structured questionnaires adopted from similar studies were administered within three months. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: 62.6% (213) of women resumed sexual activity with a mean time of 11.37 weeks±8.85 postpartum. More than one-third 37.6% (80) did so within puerperium and husbands in 78.4% (167) initiated sex. About 50% (107) were on modern contraceptives, whereas only 39.3% (42) were on contraception before their first postpartum sexual experience.Conclusions: There was high rate of resumption of sexual intercourse early in postpartum with less attention on contraceptive usage mostly due to misconceptions surrounding fertility return. Sexual and contraceptive education after delivery is necessary for both mothers and their husbands.
Immediate effects of static stretching and post isometric relaxation on hamstring flexibility among sedentary young adults: a pilot study
Authors: E. Liyanage , H. C. B. Jayasinghe , S. M. C. S. Samarakoon
Published: June 2022

Background: ‘Hamstrings’ is a group of muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh crossing both hip and knee joints. Hamstring muscles are frequently subjected to reduced flexibility, especially among young adults 18-25 years old. Hamstring tightness is found to cause several conditions affecting the human body. Stretching has immediate effects on muscle stiffness, such that, positive effects can be obtained within few seconds or minutes after a stretching session.Methods: A total of 32 Undergraduates who satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited for the pilot study. The subjects needed to have hamstring tightness measured by active knee extension (AKE) to be included to the study. The subjects with a history of recent injury or surgery to the spine or lower limbs, those who involved in sports activity at competitive level and obese subjects were excluded. The subjects were allocated randomly by 1:1 ratio to the Static Stretching (SS) and Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR) groups.Results: The data of both the groups was normally distributed. The baseline values of AKE for both the groups (SS=46.68±5.31; PIR=49.03±6.53) were matched and there was no significant difference before stretching. Independent sample T-Test was used to compare the means of the two groups post stretching. There was a significant difference in the mean of the AKE values of the two groups. The improvement was higher in the PIR group (SS= 42.62±4.78; PIR=36.28±6.51), such that the range of flexion was lesser in the PIR group indicating a greater degree of knee extension.Conclusions: Immediate effects from single bout with few repetitions of Post Isometric Relaxation stretching were more effective in reducing hamstring tightness among sedentary young adults compared to static stretching.
Post-COVID-19 manifestations-are they a matter of concern?
Authors: Rajan Deepak , Raheela Ameena Subair , Muduvana Preetha , Chirammal Sachin Kuthirummal , Choorickadu Bhagyalakshmi , Purayi Vismaya Pattarkatt Puthiya , Chelangara Chathurya , Mullan Akshay , Chandran Akshay , Ariyeri Shanil , Kandiyantavida Lenin Thazhe
Published: June 2022

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) which may seriously affect the respiratory system. Global data shows 80% of the patients suffer from mild symptoms COVID-19 patients reported persistence of at least one symptom after recovery. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of and its determinants among those declared positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Kannur district of Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among COVID-19 recovered individuals positive from March 2020 to September 2020 in Kannur district. Study participants were contacted over phone and details collected were entered into Microsoft excel and analysed using Stata 14.4. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to interpret the data.Results: The prevalence of PCMs among the study population was found to be 19.5%. The most common type of PCM reported was loss of taste. Major predictor variables of the outcome were symptom status during testing for COVID-19, hospital admission for COVID-19 treatment and excessive fatigue.Conclusions: The study found that PCMs occurred in about one-fifth of the study population. Considering the burden of PCMs among the study population, this study provides rationale for strengthening and sensitization of primary health care providers and the general public for the identification and management of PCMs.
Awareness and perception of mothers regarding Integrated child development services scheme for children in an urban area of Kerala
Authors: Abraham Ruth
Published: June 2022

Background: Integrated child development services (ICDS) scheme was launched in India to improve the nutritional and health status of children. Perception of beneficiaries about ICDS services provided by Anganwadi centres had not being sufficiently explored. Hence the objective of this study was to assess the awareness and perception of mothers regarding Anganwadi services for children in an urban area of Kerala.                                                                           Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area of central Kerala. Study participants were mothers having pediatric children, who were residing in the urban areas of central Kerala for at least the past one year. A total of 70 mothers were interviewed using a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18.Results: Mean age of the study participants was 31.7±5.8 years. But 24.3% of children of the study participant never attended Anganwadi. The majority of study participants were aware of supplementary nutrition services (97%) provided by ICDS. Immunization services (58.6%) were the least aware service in ICDS. The perception of participants regarding adequate quantity and quality of supplementary nutrition from Anganwadi was only 58.6% and 62.9%. Only 57.1% felt that preschool non-formal education was beneficial, even though 90% were aware of this service from the Anganwadi centre.Conclusions: The participants were aware of ICDS services, but their perception regarding Anganwadi services was poor. Reasons for poor perception regarding ICDS services need to be assessed by focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with beneficiaries.
Impact of fast food consumption on nutritional status of high school students in South India
Authors: Dsouza Oliver , Dsouza Deona
Published: June 2022

Background: There is an increase in fast food consumption (FFC) among teenagers globally including India, but with a limited data on FFC, its influence on body weight, body mass index (BMI) in Indian high school students (HSS), which were analysed in this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey.Methods: After training the participants on various aspects of FFC, responses for the questionnaire were analysed the influence of various factors on FFC were evaluated.Results: Of 230 participants, 70% were females. The mean±SD age was 14.1±0.74 years. Seventy-three percent were regular consumers of FF. Only 5.22% were overweight. Regular meals were skipped by 74.3%. Influence of reviews by family, friends (76.5%) in deciding the dining place was high. Branded FFs (pizzas 58.7%, burgers 60.4%) were preferred but locally prepared, less expensive, easily available food (samosas 91.7%, puffs and pastries 90%, aerated soft drinks 86.1%) were consumed. FFC with friends (72.2%), family (71%) either at home (89.1%), near school premises (70%), school cafeterias (43.9%). Parents (100%) were aware of FFC by their children. Despite high awareness regarding the harmful effects of FF (79.1%), 73.6% continued FFC. Good physical activity was reported in 70.87%; active involvement in sports (60.4%) is associated with less FFC and skipping regular meals (27.0%) but statistically insignificant (p>0.05). None had any systemic disorder attributable to FFC.Conclusions: Regular FFC, skipping regular meals is high among teenagers. Parents were aware of their children’s’ dietary habits. Acceptance, affirmation from family, peers, promotes FFC.
Knowledge, attitude and practices about hepatitis B in paramedical and supporting staff at a tertiary care hospital: a cross sectional study
Authors: Nimbvikar Apoorv A. , Gandhi Janhavi S.
Published: June 2022

Background: Healthcare workers including nurses, lab technicians and multi-purpose workers are at a higher risk of contracting hepatitis B virus infection than the general population as they are exposed to blood, body fluids and sharps due to their professional activities. The objective of this study was to compare the knowledge about hepatitis B infection, its transmission and prevention among two groups, nurses and lab technicians versus MPWs.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 257 nurses and lab technicians versus 159 MPWs working at a tertiary care center. After clearance by the institutional ethical committee and informed consent of the participants, they were requested to fill a close ended questionnaire. The data was analyzed statistically using the JASP software.Results: The self-perceived risk of contracting infectious diseases owing to their profession was similar in nurses and lab technicians and MPWs. The awareness about hepatitis B infection, all the correct modes of transmission of the virus and the chances of the infection leading to liver diseases and cancer was higher in nurses and lab technicians than in MPWs. Awareness regarding prevention of infection and the vaccination rates were also higher among nurses and lab technicians. Knowledge about methods of prevention of the infection was found to be significantly more among the nurses and lab technicians.Conclusions: Overall, there is a significant gap in the knowledge about hepatitis B infection, its transmission and prevention in the MPWs. Vaccination coverage is also low in MPWs.
Tertiary care centre as safety net of tuberculosis diagnosis in National tuberculosis elimination programme in India
Authors: Basavegowdanadoddi Marinaik Shrinivasa , Selvaraju Sriram , Srinivasan R. , . Krishnamoorthy , Raina Sunil , Sood Abhilash , Madhavi Devi , . Padmapriyadharsini
Published: June 2022

Background: About one-fifth of the global gap in TB diagnosis was contributed by India which translates to roughly over half a million cases. Meanwhile the National tuberculosis elimination programme has made coordinated efforts to involve public and private health providers in accelerating TB notification. Government medical colleges which are tertiary care centres act as important catchment point for referral as well as for walk-in for tuberculosis diagnosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the proportion of TB cases notified from various departments of medical colleges to NTEP for TB diagnosis and referral pattern of the presumptive TB patients.Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected of all presumptive TB patients referred from various departments of 4 selected tertiary care centres to NTEP for TB diagnosis between 1January to 31December 2018.Results: A total of 1601 presumptive TB patients were registered in the study period, of whom 67% were microbiologically confirmed TB patients. Overall, 44% of presumptive TB patients were referred from the pulmonary medicine department, with 26%, 15%, and 4% from general medicine, surgery, and integrated counselling and testing centres departments respectively (χ2=1856.647, p<0.000).Conclusions: Our study revealed that the proportion of TB patients notified by the medical colleges was high. Further strengthening of the referral system increases TB case detection thereby enabling early initiation of TB treatment leading.
Action planning and coping planning based intervention on physical activity practice among desk-based office employees: a non-randomized explanatory mixed method study
Authors: Nambirajan Murali Krishnan , Govindan Dhanajayan , Patel Namita , Roy Gautam , Lakshminarayanan Subitha
Published: June 2022

Background: Desk-based office workers have sedentariness in the workplace due to the nature of their work. So we aimed to determine the effect of action planning and coping planning based physical activity intervention among participants and explore its utility.Methods: This study was conducted among office staff employed in six to eight hours of desk- based office work of JIPMER, Puducherry during November 2020 to January 2021. Simple random sampling of employees from available database was done to select 150 participants based on inclusion criteria. Intervention was individual specific action and coping planning for physical activity (PA). Change in the level of PA and its stage, body composition parameters and step-counts were measured at end-line to assess the effect of intervention supported by the qualitative interviews.Results: An adequate level (≥600 METS) of physical activity among participants in the intervention group increased by 42% among Total MET minutes spent (p<0.001). Muscle mass improved in the intervention arm by 4% (p>0.001).  Conclusions: Implementation plan is effective in improving the physical activity level of the participants and adopting healthy PA behaviour and advocates for health promoting workplace.
Prevalence and factors associated with occupational health problems among leather footwear manufacturing workers in Ambur town, Thirupathur district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: D. Judy Angel , R. Thilagavathi , M. Prakash
Published: June 2022

Background: In India, the leather footwear manufacturing sector contributes to a significant segment of leather products, and workers were exposed to a wide range of hazardous substances during the manufacturing process. The present study was conducted to identify the prevalence of various work-related health complaints and the factors associated with occupational health problems among leather footwear workers in Tamil Nadu.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 leather footwear workers in Ambur town, Thirupathur district, Tamil Nadu from June 2019 to July 2019. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic and workplace characteristics, work-related self-reported health complaints, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to identify factors associated with work-related health problems at a 5% level of significance.

Results: The study demonstrated a prevalence of 19.33% respiratory disorders, 16.4% skin ailments, and 37% musculoskeletal complaints. Workers involved in the scouring/finishing process had nearly two times the odds (95% CI: 0.977-3.923); workers who do not use PPE like gloves or masks had two times the odds (95% CI: 1.307-4.346); workers who reported inadequate windows/fans or blowers in their work station had four times the odds (95% CI: 1.421-12.413) and workers who reported lack of regular work training had 3.5 times odds (95% CI: 1.954-6.531) of occupational health problems.

Conclusions: Implementation of strict protocols on the use of PPE, periodic monitoring and safety training should be regulated to prevent the workers from these health problems.
Awareness of natural breastfeeding milk among mothers and the importance of colostrum within the first hour of birth in India
Authors: Akinola Ajoke , Karama Rahama Sanusi , Rajput Manju
Published: June 2022

Children should not suffer from the lack of adequate knowledge or ignorance from their parents. Breastfeeding colostrum is extremely useful for the immunity and growth of the newborn, as it is having been documented to improve neonatal survival, and protective against the infection specific mortality among newborn and mothers. The secondary data presented in this paper was abstracted from well-known search engines performed in March 2022. Search engines like Pubmed and Google scholar. In Pubmed 8 articles were returned and Google scholar 11 articles/ key words related to breastfeeding and colostrum and first hour of birth in India. Includes 19 studies altogether, all papers were done within 2019 to 2022 and published in English. Study result showed several preventive diseases among the children and their mother. Spreading awareness about natural breastfeeding and the importance of colostrum among mothers is the key to successfully contribute towards reduction of child mortality. May be carried forward for public health intervention of further research to better informed information, education and counselling for pregnant women for sustainable future of our children according to the United Nations sustainable goals, no one should be left behind.
Prevalence of respiratory disease in the population of Queensland communities in proximity to coal mines and coal mining activities
Authors: Karatela Shamshad , Caruana Samantha , Paul Gunther
Published: June 2022

Air quality related to respiratory illness is examined in many settings, including populations that work or reside close to sources of pollution. Industry produced pollution from mining and metal manufacturing, natural environmental pollution as in the case of bushfires and large-scale dust storms are examples. We reviewed any available literature and data concerning the Queensland coal industry and its effect on respiratory health of miners, mining related workers and communities in proximity to coal mines. We searched various databases using keywords related to coal and respiratory diseases, using the five step criteria defined by Denyer and Tranfield. In the Queensland coal mining industry, the negative effect of mining on workers’ respiratory health has been known for many years and has received increased attention in the last five years both nationally and internationally due to the resurgence in Coal Mine Dust Lung Diseases and specifically Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis (CWP). A Queensland parliamentary review has prompted regulatory amendments for the permitted (occupational) exposure level (PEL; OEL) to coal dust and silica; amendments have also been enacted for better occupational respiratory health surveillance of Queensland coal miners, both surface and underground. Considering Queensland has a high proportion of Australian coal mines, the literature available on respiratory health in Queensland coal mines and surrounding communities is minimal. There is very limited research into, and possible underreporting of CMDLD amongst the coal mining workers in Queensland. Further studies are required to better understand air pollution and health effects in coal miners in Queensland.
Levels of pain assessment tools for pediatric dental patients: a narrative review
Authors: Nagarwal Priya , Rana Vivek , Srivastava Nikhil , Kaushik Noopur
Published: June 2022

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual and potential tissue damage. Pain perception in children causes a number of changes in their emotional state. It can lead to emotions like fear, anxiety, sadness and might have an impact on day-to-day activities. Due to the lack of cognitive development young children are unable to express their pain verbally.  Pain assessment can be carried out by using various approaches, such as self-reporting pain assessment tools, behavioural pain assessment tools and by assessment of various physiologic parameters. The process of pain evaluation for a child is strenuous as they have limited cognitive sophistication to describe their painful experiences during any disease process. Out of all the scales discussed, Wong-Bakers facial pain rating scale (WB-FPS) is considered the best as it is simple to use for the operator and can be easily reproduced and can be used in children as young as 3 years of age.
Diet a modifiable risk factor for stroke: linking diet and stroke; an Indian perspective
Authors: Manorenj Sandhya , Shaik Reshma Sultana
Published: June 2022

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The incidence of stroke in India has increased to hundred percent in past few decades. It was the Framingham heart study trial in 2001 which has first identified the role of dietary habits for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Majority of secondary prevention strategies for Ischemic stroke are directed towards pharmacotherapy with antiplatelet and statins, while dietary modifications are not projected. However dietary and lifestyle modification can reduce stroke risk by 60%. Hence Diet and nutrition play an active role in prevention of stroke. This review summarizes the dietary intake, dietary patterns and risk of stroke among Indians and provides clinicians with pragmatic guidance to their management. We searched Pub Med, MEDLINE, for articles about diet and stroke in India published in English till May 2021. Diet plays a major role in pathophysiology of stroke. Modification of dietary pattern is the major non pharmacological treatment for the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Indian traditional diet should be modified according to dietary pattern followed in each region. As a whole reduction of rice consumption, higher protein consumption and lower fat consumption should be encouraged at macronutrient level, while higher intake of fruits and vegetables are advised at micronutrient level. Dietary guidelines should be customized and tailor made based on the regional customs and annual income in various subsections of the society.
Estudo das Manifestações Patológicas do Prédio de Laboratórios da UNIVASF – Campus Juazeiro-BA com a Metodologia GDE/UnB
Authors: Souza Tiago Gomes , Coelho Nailde de Amorim
Published: June 2022

Manifestações patológicas em estruturas de concreto são muito comuns e devem ser tratadas para evitar danos irreversíveis. Porém, vistorias e intervenções, muitas vezes, só são realizadas quando a estrutura já se encontra em estado avançado de deterioração. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar as manifestações patológicas apresentadas pela estrutura de concreto armado do prédio de laboratórios da UNIVASF - Campus Juazeiro-BA, por meio da Metodologia GDE/UnB, quantificando os danos encontrados. Para isso, realizou-se uma vistoria minuciosa dessa estrutura. E concluiu-se que os resultados foram satisfatórios e indicam a necessidade da realização de uma nova vistoria e possível intervenção em até 2 anos.
Gastronomía: tendencias y estrategias digitales: arte, cultura y nuevas tecnologías en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Gil Gómez Isabel , Hernández Trujillo Oswaldo , Gil Gómez Isabel , Luzardo Alejandra , Zaldívar Trinidad , Carrión Castro Jorge , Ruiz Xavier , Saravia Eduardo , Sasso Simone
Published: June 2022

El presente documento analiza los procesos de la cadena de valor gastronómica con la finalidad de ubicar la innovación tecnológica en cada uno de los eslabones. Presenta datos relevantes sobre el impacto de la COVID-19 en el sector, rastrea los efectos de la crisis y las propuestas tecnológicas generadas a partir de ésta. Finalmente, aporta reflexiones puntuales sobre tendencias y estrategias enfocadas en la innovación, con miras hacia la recuperación de la industria gastronómica.
Cross-Border Intra-Firm Trade and the Propagation of Idiosyncratic Shocks: A New Dataset
Authors: Alviarez Vanessa , Cevallos Fujiy Brian , Święcki Tomasz
Published: June 2022

We study how disruptions in international production networks propagate across countries. We use comprehensive data on natural disasters around the globe over the last two decades from the EM-DAT and SHELDUS database to identify exogenous shocks to sourcing foreign inputs. We then trace out the effect of these shocks on activity of multinationals located in the United States. and their network of foreign affiliates using U.S. Bill of Lading microdata and data on domestic and international ownership linkages from Orbis. Our findings indicate that major natural disasters can have an economically significant negative impact even far from the directly affected areas. Furthermore, the strength of the propagation depends on whether the shocks led to disruptions in intra-firm or arms-length trade. This technical note provides detailed information on the construction of the novel dataset used in Alviarez et al. (2021).
Reconociendo a las mujeres extraordinarias en la historia de la entomología médica
Authors: Camacho Beltrán Angela Stella
Published: June 2022

Comentario sobre el artículoAcknowledging extraordinary women in the history of medical entomology de Adriana Troyo, María Paula González Sequeira, Mónica Aguirre Salazar, Ian Cambronero Ortíz, Luis Enrique Chaves González, María José Mejías Alpízar, Kendall Alvarado Molina, Ólger Calderón Arguedas y Diana Rojas Araya Parasites & Vectors, 2022, 15, 114.