bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of cystathionine gamma-lyase and nitric oxide synthase on food and water intake, body mass gain, and body temperature in rats
Authors: Hristov Milen , Andreeva-Gateva Pavlina
Published: June 2024

Various studies have emphasized the intricate relationship between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) in regulating diverse physiological processes. In this investigation, we aimed to elucidate the effects of simultaneous inhibition of the H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase and the NO-producing enzyme nitric oxide synthase on food and water intake, body mass gain and body temperature in rats. Specifically, we explored the combined impact of dl-propargylglycine, an irreversible inhibitor of cystathionine γ-lyase, and Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, on these physiological parameters. Co-administration of dl-propargylglycine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and l-NAME (50 mg/kg, i.p.) effectively suppressed food intake and body mass gain in fasted rats at 24 hours post-injection, accompanied by a notable decrease in water intake. Furthermore, this combined treatment induced a significant decline in body temperature at 90, 120, and 150 minutes post-injection compared to the control group, shedding light on the complex role of H2S and NO systems in modulating body temperature regulation. These findings enhance our understanding of the potential physiological implications of targeting the cystathionine γ-lyase/H2S and nitric oxide synthase/NO pathways.
The genus Rubus L.: An insight into phytochemicals and pharmacological studies of leaves from the most promising species
Authors: Gevrenova Reneta , Zheleva-Dimitrova Dimitrina , Balabanova Vessela
Published: June 2024

Rubus L. species (Rosaceae) are traditionally used worldwide for their food and medicinal properties. Although raspberries and blackberries are well-known fruits, the leaves hold significant but often overlooked value. The review is focused on the phytochemicals and pharmacological studies on leaves from the most promising taxa. Through a comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, numerous research articles were identified. The studies revealed over 160 diterpenoids, triterpenoid acids, saponins, ellagitannins, phenolic and acylquinic acids, and flavonoids in the discussed Rubus species. These compounds contribute to the leaves’ protective effects, including astringent, hypoglycemic, and wound healing activity. Moreover, Rubus leaves are used for relieving diarrhea as well as in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review highlights R. sanctus, R. ibericus, and R. chingii, along with R. idaeus, as prospective raw materials for therapeutic applications.
Non-interventional observational retrospective-prospective study of health-related quality of life (EuroQoL) in patients with vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies undergoing treatment with rituximab
Authors: Parvova Iva , Delyiski Tzvetomir , Peteva Parvoleta , Petkova Valentina , Hristov Еmil , Yordanov Emanuil , Marinchev Lubomir , Milushev Emil , Dimitrov Milen
Published: June 2024

Working with patients with Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)- associated vasculitis (AAV) requires a clear understanding of their current health status. In the scientific literature, there is not enough data on their quality of life with the different therapeutic regimens. No generic tools have been developed to assess functional indicators and health status. The aim of the study is to measure the health-related quality of life (physical, psychological and social functioning) in a Bulgarian population of patients with systemic vasculitis associated with ANCA undergoing treatment with rituximab using a common tool. Design – retrospective-prospective, observational, non- interventional, controlled study in two periods, in two rheumatology centers in Bulgaria. Treatment with rituximab leads to qualitative and quantitative improvement in all components of physical health, mental and social components. All measured parameters are within the normal range for the general population. Rituximab treatment of AAV is the best therapeutic alternative in current rheumatology practice.
OWIED System to Facilitate the Entrustment Decision in EPA Implementation
Authors: Al-Moteri Modi
Published: June 2024

Background:

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are gaining attention as an approach for adequate implementation of a competency-based evaluation framework in nursing education. This study sought to develop an Online Web-assessment Interface for Entrustment Decision (OWIED) to facilitate the entrustment decision in EPA implementation.

Method:

A participatory qualitative action research design consisting of two phases was used for this study. The exploration phase was conducted in close collaboration with stakeholders. Following the exploration phase, the primary researcher and a team of subject-matter experts in academic and information technology developed the OWIED system according to the exploration phase results.

Results:

The necessary features that met the expectations of the stakeholders were identified and assisted in developing the OWIED system.

Conclusion:

OWIED may provide a valid tool to track and validate nursing student acquisition of core competencies and assist in making entrustment decisions as students fulfill their training requirements in their academic program.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(6):356–365.]
Nursing Students' Perception of Caring for Culturally Diverse Patients: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study
Authors: Bozkurt Semiha Asli , Gazarian Priscilla K.
Published: June 2024

Background:

This study examined the phenomenon of prelicensure nursing students caring for culturally diverse patients.

Method:

Individual interviews were conducted with undergraduate nursing students using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Qualitative research experts conducted the interviews, transcribed the data, and followed van Manen's methodology for analysis.

Results:

Eleven nursing students participated in the study. Data were collected from April to August 2022. The average length of the student interviews was 32 minutes. Four themes were identified: (1) communication issues; (2) access to care; (3) nurse background; and (4) trust and respect.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the importance of caring for culturally diverse patients. Policymakers and health care leaders can use the findings to support legislative proposals for enhancing culturally diverse patient safety and health equity. Based on these findings, nurse educators and preceptors can adapt their clinical teaching approaches accordingly, and nurse managers can benefit from the results when hiring new graduate nurses.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(6):373–379.]
Interventions to Increase the Diversity of Nursing Programs: An Integrative Review
Authors: McCord Aaron , Otte Julie
Published: June 2024

Background:

In 2011, the Institute of Medicine's The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health report declared the need to increase diversity in nursing. The National League for Nursing stated that nursing pipeline programs would be essential to create increased diversity. However, no details regarding the definition, construction, or implementation of a nursing pipeline were available within the position statement.

Method:

An inclusive integrative literature review was conducted. The aim was to examine interventions targeted toward increasing diversity in nursing education programs.

Results:

Twelve articles were included in the review. Similar interventions were used by nursing education programs; these included strategies to raise awareness about nursing to prospective students, preen-try preparation, holistic admissions, scholarships, tutoring, mentoring, and targeted advising.

Conclusion:

Evidence indicates interventions aimed at the retention of at-risk individuals are successful. Additional research is needed to develop effective recruitment strategies for diverse populations.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(6):387–393.]
Optimal vaccine allocation strategy: Theory and application to the early stage of COVID-19 in Japan
Authors: Kuniya Toshikazu , Nakata Taisuke , Fujii Daisuke
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we construct an age-structured epidemic model to analyze the optimal vaccine allocation strategy in an epidemic. We focus on two topics: the first one is the optimal vaccination interval between the first and second doses, and the second one is the optimal vaccine allocation ratio between young and elderly people. On the first topic, we show that the optimal interval tends to become longer as the relative efficacy of the first dose to the second dose (RE) increases. On the second topic, we show that the heterogeneity in the age-dependent susceptibility (HS) affects the optimal allocation ratio between young and elderly people, whereas the heterogeneity in the contact frequency among different age groups (HC) tends to affect the effectiveness of the vaccination campaign. A counterfactual simulation suggests that the epidemic wave in the summer of 2021 in Japan could have been greatly mitigated if the optimal vaccine allocation strategy had been taken.
Hybrid Classification Approach Utilizing DenseUNet+ for Diabetic Macular Edema Disorder Detection
Authors: Abualigah Laith , Almomani Mohammad H. , Abu Zitar Raed , Daoud Mohammad Sh. , Migdady Hazem , Al-Rahayfeh Amer
Published: June 2024

Diabetic macular edema (DME) poses a significant threat to vision. It is characterized by the enlargement of the macula due to the accumulation of plasma in the extracellular space of the retina. Detection of DME, crucial for timely intervention, traditionally relies on manual inspection of images, which is time-consuming and prone to human error. Leveraging advancements in computer-assisted diagnostics, this study proposes a novel approach utilizing the DenseUNet+ architecture tailored for precise segmentation across diverse image modalities. The proposed method integrates data from four modalities within dense block structures, followed by linear operations and concatenation to enhance feature representation. Evaluation using ResNet101V2 and DenseNet201 demonstrates superior performance, with accuracy exceeding 95% and 99%, respectively, showcasing their efficacy in screening retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for DME. This research highlights the potential of deep learning techniques to enhance ophthalmologists’ abilities to efficiently screen, diagnose, and manage DME, thus reducing the risk of irreversible vision loss.
Bee Wax Propolis Extract as Zinc Corrosion Inhibitor in 3.5% NaOH
Authors: Wijaya Hastono , Setyarini Putu Hadi
Published: June 2024

The potentiodynamic polarization method has investigated the corrosion behavior of zinc metal in 3.5% NaOH with a variation of bee wax popolis extract (BWPE) inhibitor, variation of immersion time, and temperature. Zinc plates were tested at 150 °C and 200 °C with immersion durations of 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively. The variation of inhibitor concentration on corrosion rate has also been studied from 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm, followed by testing temperature variations of 25, 35, and 45°C for optimal inhibitor concentration. It is expected that this research will contribute to alternative organic corrosion inhibitors. Tafel polarization test results demonstrated that the corrosion rate of zinc metal in 3% NaOH increased with increasing test temperature and immersion time. Increasing the concentration of BWPE inhibitor from 200 ppm to 1000 ppm can reduce the corrosion rate of zinc metal from the sample without blank with optimal inhibition effectiveness obtained at a concentration of 800 ppm by 46.16%
Direct Regeneration of NMC622 Cathode Material from Spent Ev Li-Ion Batteries via Hydrothermal Relithiation
Authors: Flores Charles , Cervera Rinlee Butch M.
Published: June 2024

With the increasing demand for electric vehicles, there is a need to address the issues associated with the increasing number of waste Li-ion batteries. In this study, a facile hydrothermal relithiation method, followed by post-annealing, was explored to repair the structure, morphology, and composition of spent NMC622. Based on the XRD pattern, the regenerated NMC622 annealed at 800°C can be indexed similarly with that of pristine NMC622 without any observable impurities. It also showed less agglomeration, with a narrower particle size distribution than the as-recovered spent NMC622. The results suggest that a desirable structure and morphology have been successfully obtained after regeneration. Notably, the results from ICP-OES and XRF analyses further indicate that the Li content of regenerated NMC622 increased from 6.99 to 7.20 wt%, a value close to the theoretical Li composition (7.16%).
Simulation of the Heat Transfer during the Casting Process by Mirror U-Net Models
Authors: Kang Jin Wu , Zhao Qi Chao , Wang Ji Wu , Han Xiao , Yang Ya Hui
Published: June 2024

Deep learning has achieved great progress in image recognition, segmentation, semantic recognition, and game theory. It also shows potential to solve scientific computing such as simulation problems in engineering. On the other hand, the numerical simulation method requires constitutive modelling, involves a huge computation volume and takes a long time. In this paper, two mirror U-Net models were proposed for the simulation of the heat transfer during the casting process. These models include an upper U-Net branch for the treatment of the geometries of casting, mold, and chill, and a lower U-Net branch for the treatment of the initial temperature field. Their difference is whether the bottoms of upper and lower U-Nets are shared. These two branches tackle the problems involving the input of a geometrical model which consists of three types of materials and the input of an initial or current temperature field image. These models were trained and validated with a big database with hundreds of casting shapes. The prediction results show that the average accuracy reaches 98.8%.
Influence of Fuel Injection Timing and Hydrogen Enrichment on Waste Plastic Oil: Performance, Combustion, and Emissions Analysis
Authors: Anand Tushar , Debbarma Sumita
Published: June 2024

The escalating global demand for fossil fuels, coupled with geopolitical uncertainties, underscores the imperative for alternative fuels in internal combustion engines. Simultaneously, the pressing issue of plastic waste disposal necessitates sustainable solutions. This research delves into the impact of hydrogen enrichment on a CRDI-diesel engine using diesel and waste plastic oil, varying fuel injection timing (23, 25, and 27) °CA bTDC at 400 bar fuel injection pressure. The addition of hydrogen at 4 lpm improves Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and lowers Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), resulting in reduced hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, though Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and NOx emissions increase. The WPO10+4H2 blend at 25 °CA bTDC demonstrates an 8.7% BTE increase, a 10.5% BSFC reduction at full load, and substantial decreases in HC and CO emissions compared to diesel. Despite these advantages, NOx emissions increase by 8% compared to pure diesel. Hydrogen integration in CRDI engines enhances performance and addresses sustainability, while waste plastic oil in diesel engines repurposes plastic waste, reduces fossil fuel dependency, and supports a circular economy with energy recovery.
Expert consensus guideline on the diagnosis of type 1 Gaucher disease in adult patients
Authors: De Vivo Antonio , Marconi Giovanni , Tumedei Nicola , Luicchini Elisa , Finazzi Maria Chiara , Burgo Ilaria Maria , Forni Gian Luca , Linari Silvia
Published: June 2024

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by glucocerebrosidase deficiency. Over 50% of patients with mild disease go undiagnosed, suggesting that GD diagnosis rates are still significantly low despite advancements in medical knowledge and diagnostic techniques. This guideline explores the potential settings in which patients with mild to moderate GD may present, providing professional guidance on diagnostic avenues and highlighting the necessity of raising awareness among medical professionals. Patients with undiagnosed GD may be seen in departments such as neurology, transfusion medicine, centers for hepatic disorders, orthopedics, hemostasis, thrombosis, benign and general hematology, and reference centers for these conditions. Therefore, for a timely diagnosis and appropriate management of this rare disorder, it is crucial that these specialties collaborate effectively and devise a path that avoids needless and invasive procedures.
The blockchain in the renewable energy sector: a tool for sustainability promotion
Authors:   University of Sassari, Balzani Luca , Corsi Katia ,   University of Sassari
Published: June 2024

Energy transition and companies’ commitment to sustainability can be supported by integrating innovative technologies into the renewable energy (RE) sector. Blockchain technology (BT) represents one such technology. This paper explores how BT can support RE consumption as an answer to energy sector companies’ technological, transparency and traceability needs. We conducted a literature review on blockchain’s ability to adapt to the energy sector, focusing on RE applications. In addition, we qualitatively analysed two projects pursued by energy sector companies in Europe. Although there is an abundance of research on the application of BT in the energy sector, there are only a few operational studies on this theme. Therefore, we combined the theoretical analysis with an exploration of the practical application of BT in two actual developments that highlight its positive implications for the transition to RE. BT applications for RE are at an early stage and require time for development. The analysis invites interactions among academics, energy sector operators and legislators. The findings contribute to facilitate the RE adoption and greenhouse gas emissions reduction in compliance with 2030 and 2050 goals.
Double Clutch Transmission for Motorcycles
Authors: Geieregger M. , Mair A. , Pollak B. , Bilek Andreas
Published: June 2024

Until now automatic or automated transmissions are not common in motorcycles whereas in passenger cars a clear trend towards various types of automatic shifting transmissions could be observed during the recent years. For 2-wheelers CVT drives are well known for 50 cc scooters and in the scooter class a trend towards CVTs for bigger displacement vehicles is obvious. Evidence for this is the introduction of scooters with a displacement up to 800 cc which use CVT drives. Reflecting the overall CO2 targets and their impact on individual transportation and the demand for sportiveness in the area of motorcycles dual clutch transmissions (DCT) are certainly a valid alternative.

Meanwhile automated manual transmissions (AMT, clutch actuation and gear shifting by actuators) are available in series production. Other than in the most passenger car applications the shifts are initiated by the rider. As in the car area a full “by-wire” interface is utilized.

From its driving performance a double clutch transmission (DCT) would fit very well into motorcycle applications. Compared to an automated manual transmission (AMT) a double clutch transmission does not have any interruption of the tractive force during the shifting and a DCT features instantaneous acceleration and the feeling of a “direct” connection of the engine with the rear wheel which is highly appreciated by motorcycle riders. Using a DCT for the motorcycle application it has to be guaranteed that the driver has the same or even better control abilities compared to the manual transmission (MT). To fulfill the driver's demand of direct response and control of gear shift and clutch operation the motorcycle DCT needs to have driver controlled overrule functionalities of the automation system.

Although there are several reasons which make it worth using a DCT for motorcycles there is currently no DCT for motorcycles in production. An investigation to apply passenger car DCT technology to motorcycles is the focus of this paper. The main objective is the study of the installation space requirements and the packaging of the double clutch into a motorcycle. Special attention is paid to find an arrangement which ensures that there is no negative effect on the riding performance (e.g. no reduction of the achievable lean angle) but also on the visual appearance of the motorcycle.
Are low-cost, low-tech solutions adequate for small capacity EU III motorcycles?
Authors: TROMAYER Jürgen , KIRCHBERGER Roland , NEUMANN Gerd , EICHLSEDER Helmut
Published: June 2024

More and more stringent emission legislation is implemented in the world wide market of motorcycles leading to higher product costs. But not every market is ready for high technological levels. Therefore the main topic of interest is: “Will a small one cylinder motorbike engine need an electronic device for fuel metering or is it possible to use standard carburetors in combination with some smart but simple ideas, to fulfil EU III cold start emission regulations?” The described ideas deal with a novel secondary air supply, an improved cooling system and simple NOx reduction methods, always paying attention to the performance and driveability of the vehicle. After describing the prototype design of the engine modifications, the achievable results with their pros and cons are discussed. Online recorder measurements give interesting emission plots of HC, CO and NOx. The homologation measurement results point out the obtainable values of the limited emissions. Finally, solutions for a marketable mass production can be derived from each tested implementation.
In-situ Residual Gas Concentration Measurement near a Spark Plug in a Motorcycle SI Engine
Authors: KAWAHARA Nobuyuki , TOMITA Eiji , Yasuda Hidenobu
Published: June 2024

This paper describes the development and application of a spark plug sensor using an infrared absorption technique to quantify the instantaneous residual gas concentration near the spark plug. The residual gas fraction inside engine cylinder is assumed to be proportional to CO2 concentration. The relationship between CO2 concentration and absorption strength of CO2 was determined for various pressures and temperatures in advance using a constant volume vessel with electric heating system. The spark plug sensor for in-situ CO2 concentration measurement was applied to a compression-expansion engine and also to a port injected motorcycle SI engine. It was possible to qualify the CO2 concentration inside residual gas during the compression stroke using the developed optical system with new spark plug sensor in compression-expansion machine. Cycle-resolved measurements were made to investigate the effects of the residual gas concentration near the spark plug on the combustion characteristics of the commercial motorcycle engine. It was possible to measure the cycle-resolved CO2 concentration near the spark plug and investigate the cycle-to-cycle fluctuations of mixture formation to achieve stable operation using the newly developed spark plug sensor.
Solid and Volatile Particle Emission Behavior from a Small Non-Road Diesel Engine
Authors: MONTAJIR Rahman , OTSUKI Yoshinori , INOUE Kaori , ASANO Ichiro , KIHARA Nobutaka
Published: June 2024

Behavior of particle emission from small non-road engines is still unknown which may have some unavoidable health risk. Investigation of particle emission from small non-road engine has made the main objective in this study. For this purpose a particle counting system has been developed according to the PMP protocol. The investigation was limited to only number counting of solid and volatile particle emission from a small diesel powered electric generator set. Especially the relative emission of solid and volatile particles for different load conditions has been investigated. Measurement was attempted by controlling the dilution air temperature and temperature of an evaporation unit installed inside the particle counting system. It was found that the small diesel engine used in the generator set emits huge number of volatile particles depending on operating condition. Solid particle emission increases and volatile particle emission decreases from the generator engine with increases in operating load.
Analysis of Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Blends of Methyl Esters of Jatropha Oil (MEJ) in DI Diesel Engine
Authors: Sundaresan M. , Chandrasekaran S. , Porai P. Tamil
Published: June 2024

The objective of this work was to analyze the practical potential of Methyl Ester of Jatropha oil (MEJ) on the basis of combustion, Performance and Emission in a single cylinder constant speed compression ignition engine. This study is based on the comparison of Diesel and Blends of 25, 50, 75, 100% (By Volume) of Methyl Esters of Jatropha oil (MEJ).This detailed analysis takes into account of some of the Combustion and performance parameters such as ignition delay, combustion duration, Rate of heat release, cumulative heat release, Peak Flame Temperature and Pressure, work done, Efficiency, Specific fuel Consumption and emissions characteristics such as HC, CO, NOX and Smoke. In the final analysis it was found that, the Blends of Methyl Ester of Jatropha oil (MEJ) is a viable alternate fuel for diesel engines.
Investigation on Cold Starting and Warming up of Gasoline Engines with EFI
Authors: Hu Chunming , Song Xijuan , Liu Na , Li Wei
Published: June 2024

The cold starting and cold-state running cycle (i.e. engine warming up) of gasoline engines are the key points of exhaust emissions formation of modern engines, and also one of the very important targets for the increasingly stringent emissions regulations. The combustion stability in gasoline engine cold starting and warming up will impact the formation of its exhaust emissions. This paper introduces the improvement in cold starting and warming up combustion process for the motorcycle gasoline engine by high-energy, dual-spark plug based rapid burning system. Test results showed that the high-energy, dual-spark plug based rapid burning system was very helpful to rapid ignition under the engine cold starting condition. Meanwhile, because of increasing the burning velocity of the engine mixture, this solution can realize the larger ignition retard and stable combustion process under the engine warming-up condition. As a result, it was very helpful to increase the exhaust gas temperature and shortened the light-off time of TWC to achieve the improvement exhaust emission performances for gasoline engines with EFI.
Experimental Study of Emission Characteristics of a Small Hydrogen S.I. Engine
Authors: OHIRA Tetsuya , NAKAGAWA Kenji , YAMANE Kimikata , KAWANABE Hiroshi , SHIOJI Masahiro
Published: June 2024

In an attempt to grab potential issues with a hydrogen direct injection lean burn engine to have similar power output to a gasoline-fuelled engine, emission characteristics of a hydrogen engine was investigated. It is demonstrated that low NOx emission can be achievable without any catalytic converter. Two major issues, however, have been recognized, that is, combustion instability at low load conditions and too low temperature of exhaust gas to get enough boosting pressure. Hydrogen concentration heterogeneous of the mixture was focused in the CFD and visualization study. Hydrogen jet design of an injector could contribute to improvement of mixing.
Development of new engine oil technology designed to bring more benefits to the boat owner than passenger car motor oils can provide
Authors: Dohner Brent
Published: June 2024

Several engine manufacturers are offering 4-stroke marine engines in order to meet 1998 US EPA emissions regulations requiring a 75% hydrocarbon reduction by 2006. These 4-stroke marine engines have been lubricated with passenger car motor oil in the past; however, the environment in which these engines operate is quite different from a passenger car engine. Perhaps the biggest differences are that marine engines do not use a closed loop cooling system, and they often operate in a corrosive salt water environment. They may be operated for extended periods of time at low speed while trolling, allowing build-up of water and fuel in the engine oil. For these reasons, oil used in this application should have corrosion inhibiting properties that are much better than what is found in passenger car oil. In addition, boats are often used seasonally and stored for long periods of time during the winter. This can lead to corrosion during storage, and require long lasting corrosion protection from the engine oil. Another area of concern about using passenger car oils is wear protection. It is common to go from idle to full throttle quickly and often, placing a sudden heavy load on these engines. The new American Petroleum Institute (API) categories for passenger car motor oils have focused on reducing emissions. The emissions reductions have been accomplished by lowering the percent phosphorous in the engine oils because its has been found to poison the catalyst in the catalytic converter. These phosphorous reductions had to be made without compromising wear protection in automotive engines. However, in marine applications, hydrolysis of the ZDP may occur, reducing the effectiveness of these antiwear agents. These lubricant concerns led the National Marine Manufacturers Association (NMMA) to develop the FC-W® (Four-Cycle Watercooled) oil specification, which was launched in August 2004. This paper focuses on developing engine oil technology with enhanced corrosion and wear performance to meet the requirements of 4-stroke water cooled marine engines.
Development of Plastic Forming Using FM Forming Method For Spline
Authors: OKUMURA Hideyuki
Published: June 2024

In manufacturing, the term “processing” refers to the various processes for changing the dimensions, shape and qualities of a material to fit the required specifications for use in a product.

One processing method is machining, which involves cutting away portions of the material to achieve the desired dimensions and shape. This machining method has some inherent demerits, such as the fact that it naturally produces chips etc., depending on the material involved, which end up as waste and are thus environmentally undesirable. Another disadvantage is that machining often involves a longer processing time, which increases cost.

In an ideal form of “product creation,” the material forming and fabrication process would produce the net shape of the product without a need for machining, and thus reduce cost and eliminate the waste of chips.

The plastic (plasticity) forming method is an alternative to machining that makes it possible to achieve a more ideal form of manufacturing. Although in reality it is difficult to completely eliminate the need for machining, plastic forming technologies can greatly reduce the need for machining.

It is reported in this paper to develop a plastic forming method for the spline portion of an outboard motor shaft using an FM (Frequency Modulated) forming method to replace the existing machining method as the first step toward achieving net shaping of the entire shaft portion of the outboard motor, including the drive shaft and the propeller shaft.
The Package of the Turbocharged Engine for the FSAE Vehicle with the Custom Lubricant System
Authors: Enomoto Hiroshi , Motoi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Kyohei , Saito Koichiro , Yashiro Masahiko
Published: June 2024

The turbocharged 4-stroke internal combustion engine was developed for FSAE, the annual collegiate racing competition. The dry sump lubricant system with the custom scavenge pump, KF-SC07, was designed. The crank axle height was 192mm, 76.5% of KF2004. Custom cam-shafts were designed making the torque fluctuation decreased less than 50% of KF2005. The compression ratio was changed. And the maximum boost pressure and the maximum torque gain were 25kPa (0.25 kgf/cm2) and 11%, respectively.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of paramedics towards health care waste in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Abah Austin Edache , Ogbonna Divine Adaeze
Published: June 2024

Healthcare waste causes environmental and public health hazards. This study assessed the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of healthcare workers in Paramedical Centers in Port Harcourt Metropolis. A purposive sampling technique was employed.  Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and on-the-spot observation. A total of 77 healthcare centers were sampled. Frequency of types of healthcare; pharmacy (33.8%), medical laboratory (28.6%), ‘chemist’ (27.3%), and drug store (10.3%). Females dominated (64.9%) against the males (35.1%). These facilities do not employ waste handlers (0%) to manage their waste. Majority, 75.3% had a first degree, 13.0% higher degree, and 11.7% had O' level certificate. All the healthcare centers (100%) produce biomedical waste, and 52.3% produce hazardous waste, 37.7% are aware of the correct guidelines for the disposal of biomedical wastes and only 35.1% of facilities practiced good waste disposal, 57.1% had no idea the kind of waste disposal practice and still dispose of their waste on road medians. Only 5.2% have undergone training.  Only 37.7% segregate their wastes. In conclusion, the attitude and practice of the Healthcare workers towards waste in the area is low. It is recommended that advocacy be intensified as no one is safe until all of us are safe.
Role of public administration in rebuilding Nigerian productivity in economic resilience
Authors: Harry Joy
Published: June 2024

Public administration is popularly regarded as the handmaid of public policies. However, this traditional role of public administration has since changed. Public administrators now play vital roles in policy formulation as the perceived gap between politics and administration continue to close up. In the quest for productivity in economic resilience public administration is certainly a game changer. Therefore, with the use of the ecological theory, the paper argued that in the quest for productivity, there are stumbling blocks which public administration should overcome. These include among others: lack of ethical climate in the public sector, poor professionalization of public administration, lack of inclusive decision making, attitudinal change by public officers, pursuit of foreign paradigm of development, lack of merit system in the public sector and low morale among public administrators. The paper finally made recommendations on how to achieveproductive in economic resilience through public administration. These include: comparative pay and reward system, ability to develop home grown development paradigm and emphasis on merit and zero tolerance to corruption.
Socio-demographic determinants of safety practices among medical radiological workers in Port Harcourt Metropolis of Rivers State
Authors: Onyebuchi Igboasoiyi Enyioma , Aduadua Bennett Offor , Bariaara Promise James
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to unravel the socio-demographic determinants of safety practices among medical radiological workers in Port Harcourt Metropolis of Rivers State. A descriptive cross sectional survey design was adopted for the study as the research design. The sample size 314 was determined using Cochran formula method. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted for the study which was presented in three stages in order to select the sample for the study. The instrument for eliciting information for this study was structured questionnaire titled Questionnaire on Socio-Demographic determinants of Safety Practices among Medical Radiological Workers (QSDSPMW). The Reliability coefficient value of 0.82 was obtained using Pearson Products Moment Correlation Coefficient. Collected data were coded and analyzed using Statistical Products for Service Solution (version 25.0). The findings of the study showed that there is no significant difference in safety practices among medical radiological workers in Port Harcourt metropolis of Rivers State based on gender (p>0.05); there is no significant difference in safety practices among medical radiological workers in Port Harcourt metropolis of Rivers State based on availability of PPE (p<0.05); there is no significant difference in safety practices among medical radiological workers in Port Harcourt metropolis of Rivers State based on training (p>0.05); there is a significant difference in safety practices among medical radiological workers in Port Harcourt metropolis of Rivers State based on availability of PPE (p<0.05). It was concluded that the rate of exposure to occupational hazards was determines by level adherence with safety practices based on gender, training, work experience, availability of protective devices. The following recommendations were made among others; managers of medical radiographic facility should ensure that safety or protective devices are supplied, available and used in the facility by workers/technicians during diagnostic proceedings.
Knowledge of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State
Authors: Onuwa J. U. , Elechi C. E. , Amadi P. F. , Nmeakor L. D.
Published: June 2024

The study investigated Knowledge of Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Rivers State. The study adopted cross-sectional survey design. The study population consisted of 57,974 students in public secondary schools. The Taro Yamene’s formula was used to determine a sample size of 400 using the multi-stage sampling procedures. The study also utilized structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using percentages, mean, standard deviation; z-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study reveals that majority of the respondents were knowledgeable about menstrual hygiene. 350(87.5%) knew that menstrual hygiene refers to personal cleanliness during menstruation; 370(92.5%) knew that during menstruation, a girl is supposed to bath at least twice a day; and 390(97.5%) knew that it is good to change under wears each time you change your pad during menses. The result showed that there was a significant difference in the knowledge of menstrual hygiene based on age (z-cal = 5,162, df= 350, p<0.05), level of study (z-cal=370, df = 390, p<0.05) and religion F (3,604) = 4.564, p<0.05]. It was concluded that, adolescent girls in Public Secondary Schools in Rivers State had good knowledge of menstrual hygiene. However, it was recommended that the school authority should from time to time organize health talk aimed at enlightening adolescent females on menstrual hygiene practices; this will help to sustain the good knowledge of menstrual hygiene found among them irrespective of their age differences or level of study
Levels of persistent organic pollutants in habanero pepper vegetable (Capsicum chinense) from Abia and Imo States, Nigeria: The health implication
Authors: Anunobi Christy Nkechinyere , Obasi Kalu O. , Ubouh Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

Levels of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were established soil and vegetable samples obtained from four sites, Aba and Umuahia for Abia State then Mbaise and Amaigbo for Imo State of Nigeria. Multistep strategies for detection of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were used which included sample preparation, highly selective and sensitive instrumental techniques and quality assurance and control. For the soil samples, ƩDDT ranged from <LOD to 0.011 mg/kg, suggesting contamination below detection limit in Aba and Umuahia and low contamination in Mbaise and Amaigbo soils; PCBs were in the range of <0.001 to 0.021 mg/kg indicating values within tolerable daily intake except in Amaigbo where the precautionary target value was slightly exceeded; ƩPFOS ranged from 0.001 to 0.005 mg/kg, exceeding trigger values in Umuahia, Mbaise and Amaigbo, while ƩPAH ranged from 0.068 to 0.276 mg/kg, suggesting slight pollution in Aba and no pollution in Umuahia, Mbaise and Amaigbo. For the pepper samples, values of ƩDDT ranged from not detected to 0.006 mg/kg which were far below World Health Organization (WHO) Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) value. PCBs recorded in the pepper vegetables were all safe according to WHO 2003 (<0.001 – 0.11 mg/kg). Values for ƩPFOS ranged from <0.001 to 0.010 mg/kg, which were below tolerable weekly intake according to EFSA, 2020, while ƩPAH4 with range of values from 0.013 to 0.216 mg/kg do not present health risk to consumers based on the margin of exposure results. In conclusion, values of DDT were seen to be below WHO MRL values, the PCBs were safe going by WHO, values of PFOS were below tolerable weekly intake and PAH values in the pepper do not present health risk to consumers. However, observation of good agricultural practices, monitoring, controlling, risk assessments and reviewing of public policies and regulations are highly recommended to minimize POP contamination in food.
Histological and biochemical evaluation of Juglans regia L (Walnut) as potential remedial properties on the lungs and liver tissues of albino rats pre-treated with methotrexate
Authors: Omorodion Nosa Terry , Iyare Godfrey Innocent , Kiofi Barisuka
Published: June 2024

A multipurpose tree species known for its nutritional, medicinal, and commercial worth is Juglans regia Linn. Higher dosages of the multipurpose medicine methotrexate can be hazardous to the liver. It is a widely used anti-rheumatic therapy. The liver and lungs of Wistar albino rats that had been pretreated with methotrexate were studied to see what effect Juglans regia Linn had and what benefits it might have. Five groups (control, negative, positive, and counter groups) of twenty-five Wistar albino rats were used in the study design. The assessment included histological alterations and hepatic biomarkers (globulin, albumin, TP, CB, ALP, and ALT)by which method. To evaluate the obtained data, SPSS version 20, a statistical programme for social sciences, was utilised. When comparing the groups, the biomarkers did not reveal any discernible differences at p<0.05. The experimental animals in group B showed modest structural abnormalities in their liver tissue and an inflammatory effect on their lung tissue in histopathological findings. On the hepatic and pulmonary tissues, groups A and C showed no effects. Notwithstanding, there were minor structural alterations noted in the liver tissue of group D. Since the liver and lungs in group E showed no reaction to the medication, it is possible that the extract could offset the drug's effects at greater dosages.This study suggests that Juglan regia Linn could amelioratethe liver and lung effect of methotrexate in Wistar albino rats.
Gamification In Educational Space: A Systematic Review
Authors: Appiah Ernest , Barton Essel Harry , Anane-Antwi Eric , Adomako Boakye Akwasi
Published: June 2024

The study looked at papers on gamification from 2015, with the main spotlight on Dicheva, Dichev,& Agre. The paper identified 28 papers and special references given to Ryan & Deci, Deterding, et al., and Mora, et al. The review discussed the questions raised by Dicheva et al., Dichev & Dicheva (1) What educational context has gamification been applied to? (2) What game elements have been used to gamify the lessons? and the gap raised by Ofosu-Ampong (3) What is the role of motivation in gamification? The review also discovered that the use of gaming elements in education has a greater impact on academic performance with points, leaderboards, and badges being the most used gaming elements in gamification in education practice. Also, on the subject of motivation which the review sought to understand its role in the process of gamification, it is evident to understand that, the concept of gamification itself in technical wise a motivational design problem. The review concluded that research in education is unending, as such future research should look at specific gaming elements with their efficacy in an educational context.
Proximate Composition and Relative Preference Mapping of Milk Chocolate Emulsified with Okra Pectin.
Authors: Williams Gifty , Adjei Maame Yaakwaah , Ahadzi Priscilla , Aboagye Cecille Wendy , Agbenorhevi Jacob Kwaku , De-Souza Leonard Delali Kodjo , Kpodo Fidelis M. , Pawar Genevieve
Published: June 2024

In chocolate, the primary emulsifier used is soy lecithin. However, soy lecithin is a major allergen to some people and also considered expensive as it is imported. In this study, three different genotypes of okra pectin were extracted and used to replace lecithin in chocolate production as an emulsifier. The okra pectin samples were combined in different ratios and used in different chocolate formulations. The new formulations were evaluated by means proximate analysis and relative preference mapping (RPM). Results showed that there were no significant differences between the moisture content (1.85-2.25 %) and the ash content (2.54-2.82%) for all formulations (p > 0.05). However, there were slight differences among the formulations regarding the fat (30.34-30.99%) and sugar (22.12-31.61%) contents. The RPM results indicated that product F8, F9, F10, F13, F14 and F16 were considered to be similar to the control and liked as much as the control. All these products contain some ratio of Balabi pectin in their formulation except product F10. Product F8 which was the most liked product had fat and sugar contents lower than the control. The study showed that none of the products containing a single pectin variety was found in the area of interest suggesting that combining the pectin varieties gives a better result in the formulation of chocolate compared to using pectin from a single okra genotype.
Residents’ Awareness and Attitude Towards Urban Wetlands in Accra, Ghana: Implications for Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Oduro Charles Yaw , Atta-Boateng Francisca , Owusu-Ansah Justice Kufour , Amoako Clifford
Published: June 2024

The paper assesses the awareness and attitudes of residents on the value of urban wetlands and existing policies and regulations on wetland protection. Using the Densu Delta and Sakumo Ramsar sites in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana as a study area, data was collected through field observation, a survey of household heads, and key informant interviews with wetland managers. The findings revealed that although none of the surveyed residents knew about wetland benefits such as water purification and ground water recharge and discharge, most of them were aware of other benefits such as serving as sources of livelihood, water for domestic and agricultural use, habitats for wildlife, and flood control. They also demonstrated positive attitudes towards wetland protection. However, their awareness and positive attitudes did not necessarily translate into environmentally-responsible behaviour that would promote sustainable development. This was evident in the rampancy of undesirable human activities that had degraded the wetlands, which was partly attributed to ineffective governance and poor enforcement of wetland protection measures. Therefore, there is the need to strengthen the governance dimension of sustainability through the enforcement of existing wetland protection measures, fostering closer engagements with local communities and sensitising residents on the collective benefits of personal-level pro-environmental behaviour. There is also the need to sensitise the political class and resource the administrative set-ups of municipal authorities and other relevant state agencies towards pro- environmental policymaking and implementation.