bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes after giant peripheral retinotomy and anterior flap retinectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy using small gauge vitrectomy
Authors: Agarwal Aniruddha , Menia Nitin Kumar , Markan Ashish , Sallam Ahmed B , Habib Ahmed , Mansour Ahmed , Iovino Claudio , Peiretti Enrico , Demirel Sibel , Tawfiq Mohamed Ahmed , Hanout Mostafa , Gupta Vishali , Ghazi Nicola , Sengupta Sabyasachi
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To analyze the visual and anatomical outcomes for eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) undergoing giant peripheral retinotomy (GPR) using 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods:

In this retrospective multi-center study, patients with RRD with either anteroposterior or circumferential retinal shortening and advanced PVR requiring more than 90-degree GPR with/without relaxing retinotomy were included. Subjects of either gender, any age group, and with complete surgical notes were included. Outcome measures of the study included anatomical success (i.e. complete retinal re-attachment) at 6 months using survival analysis, visual outcomes, and post-operative complications.

Results:

Forty-one eyes of 41 patients (33 males) with a mean age of 44.9 ± 21.4 years were included. At 6 months follow-up, anatomical success was seen in 29 eyes (70.7%) with a cumulative re-attachment rate of 66% (95% confidence interval = 48 = 79%). All re-detachments occurred at ≤6 months with a peak at 4–6 months (n = 9). Twenty-three eyes (56%) achieved ambulatory vision (5/200) or better. Direct perfluorocarbon liquid-silicone oil exchange was performed in 20 eyes. Intra-operative complications included persistent retinal folds (2 eyes), subretinal air (1 eye), and subretinal bleed (1 eye). Eleven eyes (26.8%) developed secondary glaucoma (2 eyes required a drainage device), and hypotony of ≤6 mmHg was noted in 3 eyes (7.3%). Corneal decompensation was noted in 8 eyes (19.5%), and 3 eyes (7.3%) underwent re-surgery for re-RRD.

Conclusion:

After GPR using small gauge PPV, two-thirds achieve anatomical success, and over half have ambulatory vision, but overall post-operative complications can occur in more than half of the eyes.
Ophthalmologic profile of patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Choudhary Sandeep , Chattopadhyay Arghya , Gupta Pankaj , Mehta Aditi , Jain Siddharth , Machhua Sanghamitra , Minz Ranjana W , Bansal Reema , Sehgal Shobha , Pandav Surinder S , Sharma Shefali K
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To study the ophthalmologic manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and its correlation with autoantibody profile.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study on 200 eyes of 100 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with SSc was performed at a tertiary care center in Northern India. The examination of ocular adnexa, anterior segment, and posterior segment with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s II test, and choroidal thickness measurement by swept-source ocular coherence tomography was done. Autoantibody profile was available for 85 patients, and its statistical association with the ocular examination findings was analyzed.

Results:

In total, 100 patients (93 females and 7 males) were included. The mean age was 45.11 ± 11.68 years, and the mean disease duration was 6.93 ± 3.68 years. Meibomian gland disease was more commonly found in patients with the diffuse subtype of SSc (P = 0.037). Choroidal thickness was increased in 34% and decreased in 7% (reference range = 307 ± 79 µm) patients. Reduced TBUT, meibomian gland dysfunction, and eyelid stiffness had a statistically significant association with the presence of anti-Scl-70 antibody (P = 0.003, <0.0001, and 0.004, respectively). These patients had ocular fatigue, foreign body sensation, and burning sensation. No significant association was noted with the presence of SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La antibodies.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the need for an active comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation. Approximately 75% of the patients in our cohort had ocular involvement to varying extent. An isolated presence of anti-Scl70 antibody was also found to have a positive association with dry eye disease.
COVID-19 Impact on Senior Residents: Perceptions and Experiences of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Trainees
Authors: Tham Shuen-Loong , Ratha Krishnan Rathi , Kong Keng He , Nuez Odessa Setiota
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Due to a surge of cases from the COVID-19 pandemic, senior residents (SRs) from the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency (PM and R) Programme, in a tertiary hospital, were deployed to manage COVID-19 cases. This was a stark difference to their usual job scope and training. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to understand the perceptions and experiences of PM and R SRs in a Singapore-based tertiary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted from 1st June 2020 to 30th November 2020. Eleven participants were enrolled through purposive sampling. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and transcribed. Using an inductive approach, the data were coded, and thematic analysis was performed.

Results:

Ten participants (90.9%) cited negative impacts of COVID-19 on their training. Four key themes with corresponding subthemes were identified: (1) curtailed training, (2) career in jeopardy, (3) psychological distress caused by uncertainties and (4) role fulfilment. An overarching concept of ‘ Struggles: Front-stage versus back-stage’ experienced by the SRs was derived from the themes and data.

Conclusions:

The interdependent relationship of these issues necessitates the multifaceted support of the frontline training physician. The pandemic exerted a significant effect on the mental health of people worldwide. We explored the public and personal roles and duties borne by the training PM and R physicians and the struggles that emerge from them. In humanising the training of frontline physicians, and acknowledging their familial and societal roles, we can lay down steps to better assist training doctors in the next pandemic/epidemic.
Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury among Sportspersons
Authors: Akoijam Joy Singh , Laimujam Sobhasini Devi
Published: April 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in sports, encompassing sport-related concussions (SRCs) and more severe injuries, poses a significant challenge globally. This review explores the challenges of TBI in sports, focusing on mild TBIs and SRC. Over 70% of TBIs are mild, presenting diverse challenges with a lack of consensus on rehabilitation. Diagnosis is challenging, and prognosis varies. Assessment tools like Sports Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition aid in sideline evaluation, and management involves rest and personalised rehabilitation. Prevention involves rule enforcement, education, ongoing research exploring neuroimaging techniques and the use of novel assessment tools. Collaborative, individualised approaches are crucial for TBI rehabilitation in sports. Further research is needed to refine strategies and enhance preventive measures.
Evaluation of Wrinkle and Dermal Thickness in the Forearm before and after Picosecond Laser Therapy
Authors: Wardhani Putri Hendria , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto
Published: April 2024

Background:

Skin wrinkles are generated as a result of the aging process. Dermal thickness underneath a wrinkle decreases absolutely. Approximately 20% of dermal thickness disappears as people become elderly. In recent times, people have attempted to reduce wrinkles using various procedures. Currently, available picosecond lasers in dermatology can create mechanical stress and the energy can be fractionated via diffractive lens arrays (DLA). An emerging indication for the picosecond laser includes photorejuvenation. Non-ablative laser skin rejuvenation therapy demonstrates the dermis can be safely reconstructed by only irradiating the skin surface with a laser. The clinical effects of picosecond pulse laser have been frequently reported, but few studies have included histological investigation.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate wrinkle and dermal thickness in the forearm before and after picosecond laser therapy.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty healthy male and female subjects between 36 and 55 years old with wrinkles in the forearm who met the sample requirements and were willing to participate were recruited in this study. Clinical examination and biopsy for histopathological examination were carried out before and 4 weeks after therapy, then treatment was carried out using a picosecond laser.

Results:

At 1-month follow-up, a significant improvement was noted in wrinkle and dermal thickness (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

This picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser with DLA was found to be very effective in treating wrinkles, which was confirmed by a dermatologic assessment from forearm photographic assessment scaled and dermal thickness improvement.
Self-limiting Skin Rash Found in a Patient with Suspected Malignant Hyperthermia Attack - A Case Report
Authors: Tu Yu-Chi , Chen Po-Yang , Cheng Kuang-I , Wu Zhi-Fu
Published: April 2024

Malignant hyperthermia (MH), a life-threatening complication during general anesthesia, primarily triggers hypermetabolism and skeletal muscle damage. The common MH signs include elevated body temperature, tachycardia, hypercapnia, muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. However, MH-related skin lesions are rarely documented. Here, we present a case of a 3-year-old patient experiencing self-resolving skin rash during an MH episode. A healthy 3-year-old girl underwent strabismus surgery under general anesthesia, displaying the MH episode during the procedure. The significant vital signs included hypercapnia, tachycardia, and hyperthermia, peaking 120 min postinduction. Prompt measures, including sevoflurane discontinuation, hydration, cooling, and alternative anesthesia, swiftly stabilized the patient. Intriguingly, an hour later, an isolated skin rash emerged on the right calf and toes, which gradually resolved without intervention. Postoperative examinations revealed no adverse effects. Despite its rarity, the occurrence of MH-associated skin rashes emphasizes the need for vigilance, especially in pediatric strabismus surgeries, despite minimal documented incidents. In summary, our case highlights the self-limiting nature of MH-related skin rash, occurring post-MH resolution. Its causative mechanisms warrant further investigation. Proactive avoidance of MH trigger agents remains crucial for optimal care during pediatric strabismus surgeries.
Septic Pulmonary Embolism Secondary to Klebsiella Pneumonia Perianal Abscesses: A Case Report
Authors: Alrasheedi Sami Meateq
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) represents the occurrence of septic thrombi in circulation, originating from an extrapulmonary infectious source. Perianal and perirectal abscesses are frequently encountered anorectal issues, often stemming from obstructed anal crypt glands, resulting in pus accumulation within the subcutaneous tissue and intersphincteric plane. Timely surgical drainage is essential upon diagnosis of anorectal abscesses. Adult males exhibit a twofold higher incidence of anorectal abscesses and fistulae compared to females, with common symptoms including excruciating anal or rectal pain. This case report details the presentation and management of a 42-year-old male patient afflicted by Klebsiella pneumonia perianal abscesses that led to SPE. The report underscores the importance of recognizing and treating anorectal abscesses promptly to avert potentially life-threatening complications such as sepsis and fistulae.
Evaluation of Orthodontic Retention Protocol among Orthodontist and General Dentist-A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Kumar S Ojass , Srinidhi S , Visshishta J , Sirisha Sapasetty , Ranganathan Sukanya , Priya K , Moulvi SMM , Mani Bhuvaneswari
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The current study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the retention protocol followed by orthodontists in India.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate the retention protocol. To determine the sample size, a pilot study was carried out, and the final sample arrived was 250 subjects. The current study’s inclusion criteria took into account those who had finished their BDS&MDS (Orthodontist).

Results:

The data were statistically examined when the surveys were received and completed. The choice for fixed retainers was 67.4%. Retainer wear time preferences ranged widely, with 60% preferring 12–18 hours. The initial post-retention check appointment was planned by the majority of orthodontists (47.6%) within the next three months. Recall appointments for retention checks were only planned by the majority of orthodontists (56.3%) once every three months. Regular involvement by patients at their retention check appointments was (38%).

Conclusion:

The most commonly used and preferred type of retainer is fixed retainer, and dentist preferences range around 12–18 hours of wear time. Furthermore, the duration of the retainer wear preferred by most orthodontists/dentists is 10 months to 2 years.
Stress Distribution on Short Implants with Varying Crown Heights – An In vitro Study
Authors: Hariharan Annapoorni , Krithika A , Thanya K , Thamarai C , Parameswari Devi , Dhevishri S
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to determine the stress in short implants loaded with varying crown heights using a 3D finite element analysis. A total of three mandibular sectional bone blocks depicting the mandibular left first molar region were modeled. Each block carried Bicon implants of the same size and was designated B1, B2, and B3. The implant– crown ratio is 1:1.5, 1:2.5, and 1:3 respectively. The loading protocol included axial and oblique loads. The von Misses’ equivalent stresses at the implant-bone interface were evaluated. Intergroup comparison was determined using one-way ANOVA analysis, and P values were calculated. Under an axial load of 600N, the models B1, B2, and B3 do not show any statistically significant P-values at the crestal module of the implant, abutment, and bone, whereas in crowns, the P-values were highly significant. Under an oblique load of 225 N at 0°, 45°, and 90°, model B3 showed the highest values in the crestal module, abutment, and crown. Based on the intergroup comparison and P value the study concluded that the variance in the crown height does not affect the bone and therefore microfracture of the bone and failure of osseointergration is not likely.
Comparative Evaluation of Volume and Homogeneity of Obturation with Four Different Obturation Systems Using Micro-Computed Tomography: An In vitro Study
Authors: Nagarajan V , Ahamed A Shafie , Sreekrishnapillai Bhavani , Rajaraman G , Elangovan Selvendran Kasiswamy , Guptha R Vignesh
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To evaluate and compare volume and homogeneity of the three different root canal obturation systems.

Materials and Methods:

Single-rooted premolar (n = 24) teeth samples were selected, and crowns were removed for standardization. Four groups are divided randomly as (n = 6), namely: For group I (single-cone gutta-percha obturation), group II (Beefill 2 in 1 obturation), group III (GuttaCore obturation), group IV (GuttaFlow bioseal obturation) and the root canal were subjected to prepare till X3 (protaper next) and subjected to micro-CT imaging. After completion of obturation, the image was taken by using micro-CT imaging. This is to evaluate the volume of filled obturation material in the canal space and the voided area sections, viz. the apical, middle, coronal, and third sections.

Results:

Group III (GuttaCore obturation) showed the least significant mean of the difference in relation to the volume of the canal obturation (81.148). The least mean significant difference in area of voids in the canal region for apical (0.00133), middle (0.00233), and coronal thirds (0.00533). The most statistically significant difference is in the apical and middle thirds root canal space.

Conclusion:

All the experimental groups showed significant differences in volume and voids in the obturation at three different levels, and the GuttaCore obturation systems occupied more of the volume with less voids in the prepared root canal space.
Accelerated Orthodontic Treatment using Biomodulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ambroise Marie A. , Avirachan Tara V. , Brijesh S. , Jerald Arun Bosco , Sreelatha Mahima Anilkumar , Lipare Sukumar V.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic treatment often spans several months or even years, which can be burdensome for patients. Biomodulation techniques have emerged as potential strategies to expedite orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized clinical trial was conducted with a sample of 60 orthodontic patients, aged 12–30 years, requiring fixed appliance therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to either the biomodulation group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). The biomodulation group received low-level laser therapy (LLLT) along with traditional orthodontic treatment, while the control group received conventional orthodontic treatment without LLLT. Treatment duration, pain perception, and orthodontic tooth movement were assessed during the study period.

Results:

The results demonstrated a significant reduction in treatment duration in the biomodulation group compared to the control group. The biomodulation group exhibited a 30% reduction in overall treatment time, with an average treatment duration of 8.4 months, while the control group required an average of 12 months (P < 0.001). Pain perception during orthodontic adjustments was lower in the biomodulation group. Additionally, biomodulation was associated with a statistically significant increase in the rate of tooth movement, as evidenced by a 20% reduction in the time required to achieve desired tooth alignment (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Biomodulation through low-level laser therapy represents a promising adjunct to traditional orthodontic treatment, significantly accelerating tooth movement and reducing treatment duration.
Comparing Radiation Doses in CBCT and Medical CT Imaging for Dental Applications
Authors: Khader Abdul , Jain Sulabh , Sarah  , Mishra Shweta , Saleem Sumera , Vijayan Anu
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dental imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment planning, with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and medical computed tomography (CT) being two common modalities. This study aims to compare the radiation doses associated with CBCT and medical CT imaging in dental applications to assess their relative safety and efficacy.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study using data from 100 patients who underwent both CBCT and medical CT scans for dental purposes. The radiation doses were measured in terms of dose-length product (DLP) for medical CT and dose-area product (DAP) for CBCT. The effective dose (ED) was calculated using appropriate conversion factors. Patient demographics, scan parameters, and radiation doses were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

The results indicated that the mean DLP for medical CT scans was 220 mGycm, whereas the mean DAP for CBCT scans was 150 mGycm². The corresponding mean effective doses for medical CT and CBCT were 2.5 mSv and 1.8 mSv, respectively. The radiation dose from CBCT was found to be approximately 28% lower than that from medical CT.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that CBCT imaging for dental applications results in significantly lower radiation doses compared to medical CT. While both modalities provide valuable diagnostic information, the choice of imaging technique should consider the balance between diagnostic quality and radiation exposure, especially for pediatric and high-risk patients. Dental practitioners should be aware of the potential dose reduction benefits associated with CBCT when appropriate for the clinical scenario.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy, Molecular Docking of Ethanolic Extract of Blackseed, Seaweed and Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament with Enterococcus Faecalis Antigens
Authors: Radha S. , Ahamed A. Shafie , Gutmann James L. , Bhavani S. , Rajaraman G. , Chittrarasu M.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To evaluate the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract blackseed, seaweed, and calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. To study the binding interaction between the active components of blackseed and seaweed against the enterococcal surface protein of (E. faecalis) by molecular docking.

Materials and Methods:

The ethanolic extracts of blackseed and seaweed were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. They were divided into three groups, namely, |Group I: Calcium hydroxide, Group II: Blackseed, and Group III: Seaweed. The antibacterial activity of the three groups was detected employing various concentrations ranging from 250, 125, and 62.5 μg/ml and based on the zone of inhibition. The inhibitory potential of medicaments to inhibit E. faecalis growth at various stages and kinetics plate were assessed following biofilm architecture evaluation by crystal violet biofilm assay. With the Swissdock suite, the molecular docking procedure was carried out. PyMOL version 4.1.5 was the program used for visualization. Since enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is primarily involved in the formation of biofilms, it was chosen as the target protein of E. faecalis. Based on their chromatographic investigations, Group II Thymoquinone (TQ) and Group III Ledenoxide were chosen as ligands.

Results:

The percentage of inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm was analyzed as statistically significant observed within groups. On post-hoc analysis, significant differences were present between the groups (P < 0.05). Molecular docking reveals binding energies of thymoquinone (Group II) and ledenoxide (Group III) against the enterococcal surface protein of E. faecalis were −6.90 Kcal/mol and −6.44 Kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusion:

Compared to seaweed, black seed extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity against the E. faecalis biofilm in microbial inhibition and molecular interaction.
Assessment of the Saudi Population’s Knowledge and Awareness Toward a Sedentary Lifestyle Risk Factors in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Alsannat Ibrahim A. , Al-Jabr Khalid H. , Asiri Faisal M. , Almazroua Abdulmjeed M. , Almazroua Mohammed M. , Alqudaimi Abdulelah E. , Alonazi Essa H. , Alsharif Mohammed H. Karrar
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Sedentary behaviors have been on the rise, potentially exacerbated by lockdowns, remote work, and lifestyle shifts during the pandemic, emphasizing the need to assess public awareness regarding associated health risks. This study investigated the knowledge and awareness levels of the Saudi population regarding sedentary lifestyle risk factors in the post-COVID-19 era.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study included 400 participants and was conducted from May 2023 to July 2023 using a questionnaire distributed randomly through social media in multiple regions of Saudi Arabia.

Results:

The majority of the participants were females (57.1%), aged 15–25 years (54.3%), had a higher educational degree (65.4%) and were single (62%). Most (62%) of the participants reported declined/physical activity levels in the post-COVID-19 era. Our study found that 65% of the participants had increased usage of online shopping and delivery applications after the pandemic, and a significant portion (66%) had less than 150–300 min of moderate aerobic activity weekly. Barriers, such as bad weather and insufficient time for exercise, had significant impacts.

Conclusion:

This study provides valuable insights into the Saudi population’s demographic characteristics, knowledge, and behaviors related to physical activity and health.
Knowledge and Perception of Artificial Intelligence among Faculty Members and Students at Batterjee Medical College
Authors: Alshanberi Asim M. , Mousa Ahmed H. , Hashim Sama A. , Almutairi Reem S. , Alrehali Sara , Hamisu Aisha M. , Shaikhomer Mohammed , Ansari Shakeel A.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Mounting research suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the innovations that aid in the patient’s diagnosis and treatment, but unfortunately limited research has been conducted in this regard in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of AI among faculty members and medicine students in one of the premier medical colleges in KSA.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Batterjee Medical College (BMC), Jeddah (KSA), from November 2022 to April 2023.

Result:

A total of 131 participants contributed to our study, of which three were excluded due to incomplete responses, thereby giving a response rate of 98%.

Conclusion:

85.4% of the respondents believe that AI has a positive impact on the healthcare system and physicians in general. Hence, there should be a mandatory course in medical schools that can prepare future doctors to diagnose patients more accurately, make predictions about patients’ future health, and recommend better treatments.
Unveiling the In Vitro Anti-Biofilm Potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Against Saliva-Based Pathogens: A Gender-Age-Area Specific Study
Authors: Adhikary Tamanna , Panda Abikshyeet , Mishra Pallavi , Kumar Harish , Bhuyan Lipsa , Behera Subhransu S. , Nivedita Suchismita
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Probiotics, like lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, benefit health by populating the digestive system, which houses numerous microbial species. Studies demonstrate their ability to inhibit biofilm formation, crucial in preventing oral conditions like dental caries. Our research evaluated a probiotic strain’s anti-biofilm efficacy against oral pathogens in 45 individuals’ saliva, alongside its biofilm-forming potential. Analysis revealed significant biofilm inhibition in 36 samples. Comparisons based on age, gender, and geography further supported these findings. We propose further exploration of probiotics tailored to specific demographics to enhance oral health outcomes, suggesting a promising avenue for preventing oral microbial diseases.
Dental Attrition and its Association With the Signs and Symptoms of TMJ Dysfunction and Radiographic Condylar Changes – An Observational Study
Authors: Deepak J. John H. , Ramasamy S. , Ranjitha E. Gracelin , Kandasamy M. , Thanigainathan R. , Sana Rajkumar M.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

To determine the level of dental attrition and its relation to signs of TMJ dysfunction adding to condylar alterations analyzed by conventional TMJ Tomography and to propose the correlation between dental attrition and signs of TMJ dysfunction and condylar changes. Patients for the study were selected from the regular outpatient Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, with performed criteria. The radiographic examination of TMJ is performed by the PLANMECA OPG machine using the tomographic program. Statistical analysis was performed using a Chi-square test to determine the relation between attrition and temporomandidular disorders [TMD] signs and symptoms. The study group comprises 60 subjects who are having dental attrition, and they are divided into three groups according to their age: Group I, 20-40 age; Group II, 41-60 age; Group III, more than 60 age 80% of the samples had one or more tooth with significant attrition with grades of two or more on a 0-4 scale The prevalence of changes in condylar morphology was more in individuals above 40 yrs (33.33%) as compared to those below the age of 40 with a total prevalence of 41.67%. The most common symptom reported is tooth sensitivity, joint sounds, and muscle tenderness. The last reported are scalloped tongue, buccal mucosa ridging, referred pain, and limitation of mouth opening. Out of the 25 subjects who showed condylar changes, 10 subjects had symptoms of TMD. The symptoms reported are strain in the mouth opening, tenderness in jaw movements, and TMJ clicking sounds. Attrition is not a predictable sign of TMJ dysfunction, yet a finite association was defined between attrition and signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction. Studies involving larger samples compared with additional radiographic modalities are recommended.
Strengthening the Process of Mentoring Through Portfolios
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Maulida Anisa P. , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Bandre Gulshan R
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

In the field of medical education, mentoring is a form of dynamic relationship that is crucial to facilitating the learning process among medical students and helping them in their professional development. The utility of a portfolio in mentoring is not a mere collection of work samples, rather it is a dynamic tool to ensure the professional and personal growth of medical students, with the help of reflective insights. Portfolio can be used to set goals and track the progress of students over a period of time. Even though mentoring through portfolio has been linked with multiple benefits, there are multiple challenges that must be taken into consideration to enhance the overall utility. In conclusion, mentoring carried out through a portfolio has immense potential to facilitate learning and encourage professional growth. However, considering the presence of multiple challenges, there is an immense need to establish a structured framework for portfolio mentoring and support the same with training and technical support.
Shifting from Conventional Curriculum to Value-based Medical Curriculum: Narrative Review
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Tiwade Yugeshwari
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Value-based medical education is essential for the provision of quality-assured patient-centered healthcare services. The purpose of the current review is to explore the need for the adoption of a value-based approach in medical curriculum, identify the merits, devise a stepwise plan for the implementation of a value-based curriculum, and identify the potential concerns and the strategies to overcome them. The implementation of a value-based approach in medical curricula requires a systematic and stepwise approach to ensure the attainment of maximum benefits. However, this implementation can be accompanied by multiple challenges, and we will require the active involvement of medical educators and college administrators to overcome them. The delivery of value-based medical education is expected to prepare the future cohort of healthcare professionals to deliver patient-centered care. This calls for the need to adopt a multipronged approach to ensure that this value-driven teaching is integrated into the existing model of delivery of medical education, as it will significantly improve patient outcomes and well-being.
Revitalizing Medical Education Delivery through Teacher-Led Curriculum Critiques: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Mendhe Harshal , Tiwade Yugeshwari , Mishra Vaishnavi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

A teacher in a medical college is like a compass who has the responsibility and the power to guide budding medical students in their educational journey to become effective and efficient members of the healthcare team. The purpose of the current review is to justify the significance of curriculum evaluation, explore the role of teacher in the capacity of curriculum evaluator, enlist various methods and tools to perform curriculum evaluation, and identify the challenges and suggest potential solutions to overcome them. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines and a total of 16 articles were selected based upon their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include curriculum evaluation in the title alone only (viz. curriculum [ti] AND medical [ti]; curriculum evaluation [ti] AND methods [ti]; curriculum evaluation [ti] AND approaches [ti]; curriculum evaluation [ti]). A number of strategies can be employed to perform the evaluation of the medical curriculum, ranging from obtaining feedback from medical students at the end of each professional phase to assessing content, teaching methods, assessment, and attainment of learning outcomes. The process of evaluation of medical curriculum by teachers is a complex and challenging one and needs careful planning and execution of different aspects. These identified challenges clearly provide evidence that teachers have to be given the necessary training, resources, and institutional support to enable them to conduct effective medical curriculum evaluation. In conclusion, teachers in their capacity as curriculum evaluators remain the most important stakeholder in ensuring continuous improvement in the quality of education delivered to students. Owing to their in-depth awareness of classroom dynamics, the learning process, and the awareness about unique needs of students, their involvement in curriculum evaluation can ensure alignment between the delivered curriculum and the needs of the society.
Community Health Immersion Programs in Medical Institutions
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Borkar Sonali , Petkar Prithvi , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Mendhe Harshal Gajanan , Bandre Gulshan
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Exposure to the local community is crucial and pivotal to deliver contextual learning to medical students and thereby aid in the process of attaining subject-specific competencies. In the field of medical education, community health immersion refers to a set of systematic and immersive educational experiences for medical students to expose them to sociocultural and health-related attributes of the general population. Community health immersion has been linked with multiple merits that are crucial in the making of a competent medical graduate, who is well equipped to deliver patient-centered care. Even though there are multiple benefits to community health immersion nevertheless, its implementation in the community might vary based on institutional support and local community-related factors. There is an immense need to overcome these challenges to ensure optimal benefit, and this will essentially require the adoption of a multipronged approach with the help of all the concerned stakeholders.
Transforming Medical Training Through Online Case-Based Learning: Brief Review
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Borkar Sonali , Trivedi Shilpa
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Online case-based learning (CBL) is a pedagogical approach that employs the use of digital platforms and virtual environments to discuss clinical cases with undergraduate medical students. The purpose of the current review is to explore the scope and merits of online case-based learning, development of a plan for designing and implementing online CBL sessions in a medical college for undergraduate medical students. This happens to be an innovative approach as students get an opportunity to discuss and analyze clinical cases by practically applying their theoretical knowledge to clinical practice. Like any teaching–learning method, the effectiveness of online CBL sessions also depends on the efforts taken by educators in the planning stage. As these sessions will be conducted online, the most important consideration is to ensure that students have access to the required technology. As we all know, assessment drives learning, there is a definite need to supplement teaching–learning activities in online CBL sessions with suitable formative assessments. In conclusion, online CBL is an effective pedagogical approach to promote discussion on interesting clinical cases using flexible online platforms. Considering the merits of the method and the fact that technology has become an integral part of medical education delivery, every medical institute must explore its infrastructure to systematically introduce online CBL within the medical curriculum.
Serious Games in Medical Education: What it Adds? How to Go about It?
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Mishra Vaishnavi H
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Medical educators have adopted a number of teaching–learning methodologies to make their sessions interactive considering the need for active engagement of students to strengthen the process of learning. One among them is the use of serious games, wherein digital applications are used to enable the attainment of the intended learning objectives. A wide range of serious games can be designed to target different areas in healthcare training, which cumulatively provide a holistic and engaging approach for students to acquire knowledge and develop skills. Owing to the extensive areas and domains in medical education wherein we can use serious games, the benefits attributed to them are immense. The successful introduction of serious games into the medical curriculum depends on several factors and we must adopt a systematic approach to optimize the benefits. In conclusion, the introduction of serious games into medical education can benefit medical students by helping them master multiple skills required for successful clinical practice. Acknowledging the changing landscapes in medical education, there is an immense need that teachers and administrators to explore the possibility of integrating these games into medical schools.
Rubber Dam Isolation Survey among Dental Students in Al-Qassim University and How to Promote its Usage
Authors: Alayouni Abdullah Abdurahman , Alharkan Hamad Mohammad
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Rubber dam isolation is crucial in dentistry, but its use varies among dental students. There is a need to assess their awareness, attitudes, and practices and find ways to promote its usage. To evaluate dental students’ knowledge and practices regarding rubber dam isolation and identify barriers to its use. The study employed a cross-sectional design to assess dental students’ knowledge and practices regarding rubber dam isolation. Data were collected from dental students at Al-Qassim University during the period from January to March 2023. A convenience sampling method was used, involving students from the third, fourth, and fifth academic years, with a total of 62 questionnaires distributed. A pre-tested questionnaire consisting of 11 closed-ended questions was used to collect data, and the analysis was performed using SPSS version 21, with results presented through descriptive statistics. Only 21% always used rubber dam for amalgam restorations, while 53.2% used it for composite restorations. Over 70% believed their education on rubber dam was adequate. The main barriers were difficulty (40.3%) and time constraints (53.2%). About 68% felt rubber dam should be mandatory for composite treatments. Dental students need more education and training to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice concerning rubber dam isolation. Implementing it can enhance the quality of dental care.
Esthetic Rehabilitation of Congenitally Peg-Shaped Lateral Incisors Using the Injectable Composite Resin Technique: A Clinical Report
Authors: Alyahya Yasir , Alrebdi Abdulaziz , Farah Ra’fat I. , Albazei Saleh Suliman Fahad
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This report details the esthetic dental rehabilitation of a patient with peg-shaped and malformed lateral incisors, conditions that stem from congenital anomalies in tooth formation, using the injectable composite resin technique (ICRT). The ICRT clinical workflow initiates with a smile analysis and precise shade matching, followed by the construction of a diagnostic wax-up crafted according to esthetic and functional guidelines. Subsequently, a mock-up is developed to ensure that the planned restorations fulfill the patient’s functional requirements and esthetic expectations. A transparent silicone index is employed to accurately transfer the patient-approved wax-up into the mouth, utilizing injectable flowable composite resin. This method enhances treatment predictability and ensures that the final direct restoration precisely reflects the approved design within a reasonable chairside timeframe.
Human Intelectin-1 (hITL-1) as Modulator of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS): An In Silico Study
Authors: Vishnupriya N. , Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Human intelectin-1 (hITL-1) has been known to be involved in diseases such as asthma, cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate hITL-1 as modulator of metabolic syndrome (MetS) using an in silico approach. AQ2 - The eight selected human (h) proteins, namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha (hTNF-alpha), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (hMyD88), toll like-receptor 4 (hTLR4), cyclooxygenase 2 (hCOX 2), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (hVCAM 1), nuclear factor kappa B (hNF kappa B), leptin (hleptin), and interleukin 6 (hIL 6), were investigated on the docking analysis of hITL-1 (protein-protein) by using the HDOCK method. Furthermore, physicochemical properties of eight interested proteins were carried out using ProtParam tool. In the present study, two selected proteins, namely hMyD88, hCOX 2, have shown theoretical isoelectric point (PI) values greater than 7.0 which indicates these proteins are basic in nature. The protein-protein docking analysis showed that hNF kappa B exhibited the maximum docking score of -311.95 (kcal/mol) with the target protein hITL 1. Thus, the present find provides a new knowledge in understanding the hITL 1 as modulator of metabolic syndrome.
Biosynthesis of Cissus rotundifolia Stem-Mediated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Their Anticariogenic Activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus sp.
Authors: Rajasekar Rakesh , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Anandan Jayasree
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts has emerged as an eco-friendly method. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were synthesized using Cissus rotundifolia in this study. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were utilized in restorative medicine for enhanced medicinal properties and in dental composites for their antimicrobial activities. Cissus rotundifolia is recognized as a medicinal plant due to its diverse properties, including mild laxatives, anti-inflammatory, and hyperglycemic activities.

Materials and Methods:

The antimicrobial activity of the prepared nanoparticles against Lactobacillus Sp. and Streptococcus mutans was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of the prepared TiO2NPs was examined using time-kill kinetic analysis.

Results:

The prepared nanoparticles exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus sp. (12 mm) at the highest concentration of 100 µg/mL. The prepared nanoparticles also exhibited excellent bactericidal activity against Lactobacillus Sp. and mild bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus mutans at the highest concentration of 100 µg/mL.

Conclusion:

The synthesized TiO2NPs showed significant antimicrobial activity against dental pathogens. The observed anticariogenic activity shows the potential of nanoparticles for dental applications. Hence, the prepared nanoparticles can be used in the field of dentistry as an antimicrobial agent instead of synthetic drugs causing more side effects.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity and Cytotoxic Effect of Strontium Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Mimosa Pudica
Authors: Vallinayaki KN , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising approach in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles, due to their unique physicochemical properties and small size, have the potential to improve the delivery of therapeutic agents, enhance their bioavailability, and increase their efficacy. Among various types of nanoparticles, strontium nanoparticles have gained attention due to their potential antidiabetic activity and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. Mimosa pudica, also known as “Sensitive Plant” or “Touch-Me-Not,” is a medicinal plant known for its diverse pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic and anticancer properties. Recent research has focused on the synthesis of strontium nanoparticles by using Mimosa pudica as a green and sustainable approach. These nanoparticles have shown promising results in terms of their antidiabetic activity and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. Thus, in this study, the antidiabetic effect was studied using the alpha-amylase inhibitor assay, and the cytotoxic effect was studied using the brine shrimp lethality assay. In these assays, increasing concentration of Mimosa pudica-mediated strontium nanoparticles exhibited increasing antidiabetic and cytotoxic effects, which was similar to the standard used, which is acarbose. Hence, this can be used as a novel antidiabetic and cytotoxic agent in the future.
Development of Anti-Inflammatory Drug from Crataeva Nurvala: In Silico and In Vitro Approach
Authors: Nithin Krishna K. , Krishnamoorthy Kalaiselvi , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Crataeva nurvala, a medicinal plant with potential therapeutic properties, offers a promising avenue for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs. This study adopted a combined in silico and in vitro approach to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of compounds derived from Crataeva nurvala.

Materials and Methods:

In the in silico phase, virtual screening and molecular docking analyses were conducted to identify bioactive compounds from Crataeva nurvala that could interact with key inflammatory targets. Subsequently, selected compounds were synthesized and subjected to in vitro experimentation. Cellular models were employed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Crataeva nurvala-derived compounds, focusing on the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and the underlying signaling pathways.

Results:

Virtual screening and molecular docking led to the identification of several bioactive compounds with favorable interactions with inflammatory targets. In the in vitro experiments, treatment with Crataeva nurvala-derived compounds resulted in a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, the compounds exhibited the ability to modulate inflammatory signaling pathways, further substantiating their anti-inflammatory potential.

Conclusions:

This study not only contributes to the development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs but also underscores the value of harnessing natural sources such as Crataeva nurvala for therapeutic interventions in inflammatory disorders. The dual-phase strategy presented here provides a robust framework for anti-inflammatory drug discovery and validation.