bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
prodromi della partita doppia in una corporazione monastica
Authors: Montrone Alessandro , Chirieleison Cecilia
Published: November 2017

Considerando le immense proprietà agricole dell'Abbazia benedettina di San Pietro in Perugia, la più grande dell'Umbria e una delle più significative d'Italia, è evidente l'interesse dei suoi libri contabili, riferiti senza soluzione di continuità alla stessa entità economica per circa cinque secoli a partire dal 1461.L'interesse dei suoi libri contabili, che si riferiscono ininterrottamente alla stessa entità economica per quasi cinque secoli a partire dal 1461, è evidente.La nostra analisi si concentra sul Diario e sul Sindaco dal 1461 al 1464, cioè più di trent'anni prima della pubblicazione del Tractatus De Computis et Scripturis di Luca Pacioli. Questo dimostra che la contabilità a doppia entrata era già in uso all'Abbazia di San Pietro in quel periodo. Anche se questa contabilità non registrava né il capitale né i profitti, permetteva comunque una migliore amministrazione e un migliore processo decisionale.
Caméralisme italien habsbourgeois et évaluations foncière et agricole (1748-1859)
Authors: Rossi Marie-Lucie
Published: November 2017

Los administradores profesionalizados de los Estados Principescos, bajo la dominación de los Habsburgo en el Norte y el centro de Italia, -con la ayuda del personal técnico (maestros de obra, geómetras y contables) cuyos estatutos se encontraban en proceso de reforma para permitir la reconstrucción del Estado, de la fiscalidad y de la economía, después de medio siglo de guerras-, elaboraron los principios y estandarizaron los instrumentos y la práctica de una nueva ciencia del valor y los costos en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, después de la Restauración de la Paz Europea en 1748. En primer lugar, con la reforma de la explotación de las fincas ducales (Camera ducale), impulsan la evaluación y el reembolso de la mejora de la tierra (migliorie) desde 1748. Después, entre 1748 y 1768, obligan a poner en práctica valores de medida para las entradas y salidas en la gestión de los bienes de las órdenes monásticas secularizadas (Camera ecclesiale). Por último, en la Camera dei Conti, transforman (1786-1791) el criterio para determinar el impuesto catastral, al abandonar el impuesto tradicional sobre el valor de los activos (entrata reale), adoptando un nuevo impuesto basado en el valor de los ingresos de los cultivos anuales (Entrate ordinarie annue), sin tener en cuenta los ingresos de las actividades agrícolas como la ganadería, la industria vitivinícola o de madera.

Es, por tanto, en el corazón del Estado, con el uso de la estimación directa (Estimo), bajo el control de la Administración de la Contabilidad Central, donde se evoluciona, de Milán a Florencia pasando por Reggio Emilia, desde la conservación del patrimonio y la medición de la renta de la tierra de forma estable (rendita fondiaria stabile) a la búsqueda y cálculo del ingreso agrícola (reddito agricolo), definido como el resultado de una actividad agrícola que fluctúa, porque depende de la inversión del propietario y del trabajo del campesino. Esta evolución práctica que empezó con la Ilustración ve su finalización y su teoría con la Restauración: produce, al gravar sólo los cultivos más comunes, entre mediados de siglo XVIII y mediados del siglo XIX, la modernización rural.
Smart Healthcare
Authors: Zhao Wenbing , Luo Xiong , Qiu Tie
Published: November 2017

Medicine is undergoing a sector-wide transformation thanks to the advances in computing and networking technologies [...]
A Quantitatively Operational Judging Method for the Process of Large Regional Heavy Haze Event Based on Satellite Remote Sensing and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Wang Qiao , Li Qing , Wang Zhongting , Chen Hui , Mao Huiqin , Chen Cuihong
Published: November 2017

In recent years, large-area heavy haze pollution cases occur frequently in eastern China, especially evident in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding regions. In order to operationally monitor the process of larger regional heavy haze events, a type of quantitative method based on satellite remote sensing and numerical simulations was first established and applied in multiple heavy haze processes in the research area. First, this study proposed the operational haze aerosol optical depth (HOD) method by combining Terra, Aqua satellite and WRF-NAQPM numerical simulation in haze days. Second, based on the coupled HOD data, we proposed the quantitative method for obtaining the process and severity degree for larger regional heavy haze events. Finally, this study used the method applying it to several typical heavy pollution events which occurred in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its three surrounding provinces in the winter season from 1 November 2015 to 4 January 2016. The validation for HOD retrieval results showed that the couple HOD from this study have good accuracy, the linear correlation coefficient between retrieval HOD and the AERONET Beijing station data reached over 0.8, and the linear correlation coefficient between the retrieval HOD and the regional ground monitoring station PM2.5 data reached over 0.7. The applied results showed that the method in this study is feasible to reflect the whole process of heavy haze events. Analysis of the typical heavy haze pollution events showed that the set of quantitative haze judging method in this study was consistent with the meteorological conditions in haze days also verifying that the method for haze inversion and the process analysis is reliable.
Ramanomics: New Omics Disciplines Using Micro Raman Spectrometry with Biomolecular Component Analysis for Molecular Profiling of Biological Structures
Authors: Kuzmin Andrey , Pliss Artem , Prasad Paras
Published: November 2017

Modern instrumentation for Raman microspectroscopy and current techniques in analysis of spectral data provide new opportunities to study molecular interactions and dynamics at subcellular levels in biological systems. Implementation of biomolecular component analysis (BCA) to microRaman spectrometry provides basis for the emergence of Ramanomics, a new biosensing discipline with unprecedented capabilities to measure concentrations of distinct biomolecular groups in live cells and organelles. Here we review the combined use of microRaman-BCA techniques to probe absolute concentrations of proteins, DNA, RNA and lipids in single organelles of live cells. Assessing biomolecular concentration profiles of organelles at the single cell level provides a physiologically relevant set of biomarkers for cellular heterogeneity. In addition, changes to an organelle’s biomolecular concentration profile during a cellular transformation, whether natural, drug induced or disease manifested, can provide molecular insight into the nature of the cellular process.
Entropy Applications to Water Monitoring Network Design: A Review
Authors: Keum Jongho , Kornelsen Kurt , Leach James , Coulibaly Paulin
Published: November 2017

Having reliable water monitoring networks is an essential component of water resources and environmental management. A standardized process for the design of water monitoring networks does not exist with the exception of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) general guidelines about the minimum network density. While one of the major challenges in the design of optimal hydrometric networks has been establishing design objectives, information theory has been successfully adopted to network design problems by providing measures of the information content that can be deliverable from a station or a network. This review firstly summarizes the common entropy terms that have been used in water monitoring network designs. Then, this paper deals with the recent applications of the entropy concept for water monitoring network designs, which are categorized into (1) precipitation; (2) streamflow and water level; (3) water quality; and (4) soil moisture and groundwater networks. The integrated design method for multivariate monitoring networks is also covered. Despite several issues, entropy theory has been well suited to water monitoring network design. However, further work is still required to provide design standards and guidelines for operational use.
How to Identify the Most Powerful Node in Complex Networks? A Novel Entropy Centrality Approach
Authors: Qiao Tong , Shan Wei , Zhou Chang
Published: November 2017

Centrality is one of the most studied concepts in network analysis. Despite an abundance of methods for measuring centrality in social networks has been proposed, each approach exclusively characterizes limited parts of what it implies for an actor to be “vital” to the network. In this paper, a novel mechanism is proposed to quantitatively measure centrality using the re-defined entropy centrality model, which is based on decompositions of a graph into subgraphs and analysis on the entropy of neighbor nodes. By design, the re-defined entropy centrality which describes associations among node pairs and captures the process of influence propagation can be interpreted explained as a measure of actor potential for communication activity. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model by using four real-world datasets with varied sizes and densities and three artificial networks constructed by models including Barabasi-Albert, Erdos-Renyi and Watts-Stroggatz. The four datasets are Zachary’s karate club, USAir97, Collaboration network and Email network URV respectively. Extensive experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Random Walk Null Models for Time Series Data
Authors: DeFord Daryl , Moore Katherine
Published: November 2017

Permutation entropy has become a standard tool for time series analysis that exploits the temporal and ordinal relationships within data. Motivated by a Kullback–Leibler divergence interpretation of permutation entropy as divergence from white noise, we extend pattern-based methods to the setting of random walk data. We analyze random walk null models for correlated time series and describe a method for determining the corresponding ordinal pattern distributions. These null models more accurately reflect the observed pattern distributions in some economic data. This leads us to define a measure of complexity using the deviation of a time series from an associated random walk null model. We demonstrate the applicability of our methods using empirical data drawn from a variety of fields, including to a variety of stock market closing prices.
Joint Evaluation of the Wave and Offshore Wind Energy Resources in the Developing Countries
Authors: Rusu Eugen , Onea Florin
Published: November 2017

The objective of the present work is to assess the global wind and wave resources in the vicinity of some developing countries by evaluating 16-year of data (2001–2016), coming from the European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). Until now, not much work has been done to evaluate and use the renewable energy sources from these marine environments. This is because most of the attention was focused on more promising areas, such as the European coasts, which are more advanced in terms of technical and economical aspects. A general perspective of the current energy market from the selected target areas is first presented, indicating at the same time the progresses that have been reported in the field of the renewable energy. Besides the spatial and seasonal variations of the marine resources considered, the results also indicate the energy potential of these coastal environments as well as the performances of some offshore wind turbines, which may operate in these regions.
Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network
Authors: Xi Lihe , Zhang Xin , Sun Chuanyang , Wang Zexing , Hou Xiaosen , Zhang Jibao
Published: November 2017

The extended range electric vehicle (EREV) can store much clean energy from the electric grid when it arrives at the charging station with lower battery energy. Consuming minimum gasoline during the trip is a common goal for most energy management controllers. To achieve these objectives, an intelligent energy management controller for EREV based on dynamic programming and neural networks (IEMC_NN) is proposed. The power demand split ratio between the extender and battery are optimized by DP, and the control objectives are presented as a cost function. The online controller is trained by neural networks. Three trained controllers, constructing the controller library in IEMC_NN, are obtained from training three typical lengths of the driving cycle. To determine an appropriate NN controller for different driving distance purposes, the selection module in IEMC_NN is developed based on the remaining battery energy and the driving distance to the charging station. Three simulation conditions are adopted to validate the performance of IEMC_NN. They are target driving distance information, known and unknown, changing the destination during the trip. Simulation results using these simulation conditions show that the IEMC_NN had better fuel economy than the charging deplete/charging sustain (CD/CS) algorithm. More significantly, with known driving distance information, the battery SOC controlled by IEMC_NN can just reach the lower bound as the EREV arrives at the charging station, which was also feasible when the driver changed the destination during the trip.
Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Sand-Bed Storage in a Region with Extended Freezing Periods: Part I Experimental Investigation
Authors: Hailu Getu , Hayes Philip , Masteller Mark
Published: November 2017

We present the first experimental study of sand-bed thermal energy storage conducted in a region with extended freezing period. The study was carried out on a home situated in Palmer, Alaska, 61.6° N, and 149.1° W. The home is equipped with evacuated tube solar thermal collectors that are connected to a seasonal sand-bed solar thermal energy storage system. Fourteen weeks of data was collected from a period of 28 January 2017 through 7 May 2017. Results suggest that seasonal sand-bed solar thermal storage systems are an excellent option for storing heat for climates in regions with long periods of freezing temperatures. The present study shows a proof of concept of a sand-bed seasonal solar thermal storage that needs additional controls for residential heating application. The system could also be used to provide heat for unoccupied spaces such as garages and greenhouses.
Exploring Determinants of Housing Prices in Beijing: An Enhanced Hedonic Regression with Open Access POI Data
Authors: Xiao Yixiong , Chen Xiang , Li Qiang , Yu Xi , Chen Jin , Guo Jing
Published: November 2017

The housing market in Chinese metropolises have become inflated significantly over the last decade. In addition to an economic upturn and housing policies that have potentially fueled the real estate bubble, factors that have contributed to the spatial heterogeneity of housing prices can be dictated by the amenity value in the proximity of communities, such as accessibility to business centers and transportation hubs. In the past, scholars have employed the hedonic pricing model to quantify the amenity value in relation to structural, locational, and environmental variables. These studies, however, are limited by two methodological obstacles that are relatively difficult to overcome. The first pertains to difficulty of data collection in regions where geospatial datasets are strictly controlled and limited. The second refers to the spatial autocorrelation effect inherent in the hedonic analysis. Using Beijing, China as a case study, we addressed these two issues by (1) collecting residential housing and urban amenity data in terms of Points of Interest (POIs) through web-crawling on open access platforms; and (2) eliminating the spatial autocorrelation effect using the Eigenvector Spatial Filtering (ESF) method. The results showed that the effects of nearby amenities on housing prices are mixed. In other words, while proximity to certain amenities, such as convenient parking, was positively correlated with housing prices, other amenity variables, such as supermarkets, showed negative correlations. This mixed finding is further discussed in relation to community planning strategies in Beijing. This paper provides an example of employing open access datasets to analyze the determinants of housing prices. Results derived from the model can offer insights into the reasons for housing segmentation in Chinese cities, eventually helping to formulate effective urban planning strategies and equitable housing policies.
Novel Strategies on Personalized Medicine for Breast Cancer Treatment: An Update
Authors: Chan Carmen , Law Bernard , So Winnie , Chow Ka , Waye Mary
Published: November 2017

Breast cancer is the most common cancer type among women worldwide. With breast cancer patients and survivors being reported to experience a repertoire of symptoms that are detrimental to their quality of life, the development of breast cancer treatment strategies that are effective with minimal side effects is therefore required. Personalized medicine, the treatment process that is tailored to the individual needs of each patient, is recently gaining increasing attention for its prospect in the development of effective cancer treatment regimens. Indeed, recent studies have identified a number of genes and molecules that may be used as biomarkers for predicting drug response and severity of common cancer-associated symptoms. These would provide useful clues not only for the determination of the optimal drug choice/dosage to be used in personalized treatment, but also for the identification of gene or molecular targets for the development of novel symptom management strategies, which ultimately would lead to the development of more personalized therapies for effective cancer treatment. In this article, recent studies that would provide potential new options for personalized therapies for breast cancer patients and survivors are reviewed. We suggest novel strategies, including the optimization of drug choice/dosage and the identification of genetic changes that are associated with cancer symptom occurrence and severity, which may help in enhancing the effectiveness and acceptability of the currently available cancer therapies.
Chitosan/Cyclodextrin/TPP Nanoparticles Loaded with Quercetin as Novel Bacterial Quorum Sensing Inhibitors
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Hao , Goycoolea Francisco
Published: November 2017

The widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has highlighted the urgent need of alternative therapeutic approaches for human and animal health. Targeting virulence factors that are controlled by bacterial quorum sensing (QS), seems a promising approach. The aims of this study were to generate novel nanoparticles (NPs) composed of chitosan (CS), sulfo-butyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin (Captisol®) and/or pentasodium tripolyphosphate using ionotropic gelation technique, and to evaluate their potential capacity to arrest QS in bacteria. The resulting NPs were in the size range of 250–400 nm with CS70/5 and 330–600 nm with CS70/20, had low polydispersity index (<0.25) and highly positive zeta potential ranging from ζ ~+31 to +40 mV. Quercetin, a hydrophobic model flavonoid, could be incorporated proportionally with increasing amounts of Captisol® in the NPs formualtion, without altering significantly its physicochemical properties. Elemental analysis and FTIR studies revealed that Captisol® and quercetin were effectively integrated into the NPs. These NPs were stable in M9 bacterial medium for 7 h at 37 °C. Further, NPs containing Captisol® seem to prolong the release of associated drug. Bioassays against an E. coli Top 10 QS biosensor revealed that CS70/5 NPs could inhibit QS up to 61.12%, while CS70/20 NPs exhibited high antibacterial effects up to 88.32%. These results suggested that the interaction between NPs and the bacterial membrane could enhance either anti-QS or anti-bacterial activities.
Chitosan Spray-Dried Microparticles for Controlled Delivery of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
Authors: Aranaz Inmaculada , Paños Ines , Peniche Carlos , Heras Ángeles , Acosta Niuris
Published: November 2017

Venlafaxine controlled drug delivery systems using different matrixes have been tested to reduce undesirable side effects in the treatment of depression. The legal status of chitosan (Cs) in Pharmacy has dramatically improved after its acceptance as excipient in several Pharmacopeias and, therefore, there is great interest in pharmaceutical formulations based on this polymer. In this paper, chitosan microcapsules cross-linked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) for oral delivery of venlafaxine were formulated using the spray drying technique. The effect of chitosan physico-chemical properties, TPP concentration and TPP/Cs ratio on drug release was evaluated. The microcapsules were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential and morphology. The physical state of the drug was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the drug release from the microcapsules was studied in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The release pattern fitted well to the Peppas-Koersmeyer model with n exponents indicating anomalous transport.
Electrochemical and Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy Detection of SF6 Decomposition Products
Authors: Dong Ming , Zhang Chongxing , Ren Ming , Albarracín Ricardo , Ye Rixin
Published: November 2017

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas-insulated electrical equipment is widely used in high-voltage (HV) and extra-high-voltage (EHV) power systems. Partial discharge (PD) and local heating can occur in the electrical equipment because of insulation faults, which results in SF6 decomposition and ultimately generates several types of decomposition products. These SF6 decomposition products can be qualitatively and quantitatively detected with relevant detection methods, and such detection contributes to diagnosing the internal faults and evaluating the security risks of the equipment. At present, multiple detection methods exist for analyzing the SF6 decomposition products, and electrochemical sensing (ES) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy are well suited for application in online detection. In this study, the combination of ES with IR spectroscopy is used to detect SF6 gas decomposition. First, the characteristics of these two detection methods are studied, and the data analysis matrix is established. Then, a qualitative and quantitative analysis ES-IR model is established by adopting a two-step approach. A SF6 decomposition detector is designed and manufactured by combining an electrochemical sensor and IR spectroscopy technology. The detector is used to detect SF6 gas decomposition and is verified to reliably and accurately detect the gas components and concentrations.
Interaction between Diethyldithiocarbamate and Cu(II) on Gold in Non-Cyanide Wastewater
Authors: Ly Nguyễn , Nguyen Thanh , Zoh Kyung-Duk , Joo Sang-Woo
Published: November 2017

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection method for environmental copper ions (Cu2+) was developed according to the vibrational spectral change of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra indicated that DDTC formed a complex with Cu2+, showing a prominent peak at ~450 nm. We found Raman spectral changes in DDTC from ~1490 cm−1 to ~1504 cm−1 on AuNPs at a high concentration of Cu2+ above 1 μM. The other ions of Zn2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, NH4+, Mn2+, Mg2+, K+, Hg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Co2+, Cd2+, and Ca2+ did not produce such spectral changes, even after they reacted with DDTC. The electroplating industrial wastewater samples were tested under the interference of highly concentrated ions of Fe3+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. The Raman spectroscopy-based quantification of Cu2+ ions was able to be achieved for the wastewater after treatment with alkaline chlorination, whereas the cyanide-containing water did not show any spectral changes, due to the complexation of the cyanide with the Cu2+ ions. A micromolar range detection limit of Cu2+ ions could be achieved by analyzing the Raman spectra of DDTC in the cyanide-removed water.
Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition
Authors: Spencer Julie A , Barclay Michael , Gallagher Miranda J , Winkler Robert , Unlu Ilyas , Wu Yung-Chien , Plank Harald , McElwee-White Lisa , Fairbrother D Howard
Published: November 2017

The ability of electrons and atomic hydrogen (AH) to remove residual chlorine from PtCl2deposits created fromcis-Pt(CO)2Cl2by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is evaluated. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurements as well as thermodynamics calculations support the idea that electrons can remove chlorine from PtCl2structures via an electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) process. It was found that the effectiveness of electrons to purify deposits greater than a few nanometers in height is compromised by the limited escape depth of the chloride ions generated in the purification step. In contrast, chlorine atoms can be efficiently and completely removed from PtCl2deposits using AH, regardless of the thickness of the deposit. Although AH was found to be extremely effective at chemically purifying PtCl2deposits, its viability as a FEBID purification strategy is compromised by the mobility of transient Pt–H species formed during the purification process. Scanning electron microscopy data show that this results in the formation of porous structures and can even cause the deposit to lose structural integrity. However, this phenomenon suggests that the use of AH may be a useful strategy to create high surface area Pt catalysts and may reverse the effects of sintering. In marked contrast to the effect observed with AH, densification of the structure was observed during the postdeposition purification of PtCxdeposits created from MeCpPtMe3using atomic oxygen (AO), although the limited penetration depth of AO restricts its effectiveness as a purification strategy to relatively small nanostructures.
Asymmetric synthesis of propargylamines as amino acid surrogates in peptidomimetics
Authors: Wünsch Matthias , Schröder David , Fröhr Tanja , Teichmann Lisa , Hedwig Sebastian , Janson Nils , Belu Clara , Simon Jasmin , Heidemeyer Shari , Holtkamp Philipp , Rudlof Jens , Klemme Lennard , Hinzmann Alessa , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Sewald Norbert
Published: November 2017

The amide moiety of peptides can be replaced for example by a triazole moiety, which is considered to be bioisosteric. Therefore, the carbonyl moiety of an amino acid has to be replaced by an alkyne in order to provide a precursor of such peptidomimetics. As most amino acids have a chiral center at Cα, such amide bond surrogates need a chiral moiety. Here the asymmetric synthesis of a set of 24 N-sulfinyl propargylamines is presented. The condensation of various aldehydes with Ellman’s chiral sulfinamide provides chiral N-sulfinylimines, which were reacted with (trimethylsilyl)ethynyllithium to afford diastereomerically pure N-sulfinyl propargylamines. Diverse functional groups present in the propargylic position resemble the side chain present at the Cα of amino acids. Whereas propargylamines with (cyclo)alkyl substituents can be prepared in a direct manner, residues with polar functional groups require suitable protective groups. The presence of particular functional groups in the side chain in some cases leads to remarkable side reactions of the alkyne moiety. Thus, electron-withdrawing substituents in the Cα-position facilitate a base induced rearrangement to α,β-unsaturated imines, while azide-substituted propargylamines form triazoles under surprisingly mild conditions. A panel of propargylamines bearing fluoro or chloro substituents, polar functional groups, or basic and acidic functional groups is accessible for the use as precursors of peptidomimetics.
The Extent of Chemically Enriched Gas around Star-forming Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Johnson Sean D. , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Mulchaey John S. , Schaye Joop , Straka Lorrie A.
Published: November 2017

Supernova driven winds are often invoked to remove chemically enriched gas from dwarf galaxies to match their low observed metallicities. In such shallow potential wells, outflows may produce massive amounts of enriched halo gas (circumgalactic medium, CGM) and pollute the intergalactic medium (IGM). Here, we present a survey of the CGM and IGM around 18 star-forming field dwarfs with stellar masses of

at

. Eight of these have CGM probed by quasar absorption spectra at projected distances, d, less than that of the host virial radius,

. Ten are probed in the surrounding IGM at

. The absorption measurements include neutral hydrogen, the dominant silicon ions for diffuse cool gas (T ∼ 104 K; Si ii, Si iii, and Si iv), moderately ionized carbon (C iv), and highly ionized oxygen (O vi). Metal absorption from the CGM of the dwarfs is less common and

weaker compared to massive star-forming galaxies, though O vi absorption is still common. None of the dwarfs probed at

have definitive metal-line detections. Combining the available silicon ions, we estimate that the cool CGM of the dwarfs accounts for only 2%–6% of the expected silicon budget from the yields of supernovae associated with past star formation. The highly ionized O vi accounts for ≈8% of the oxygen budget. As O vi traces an ion with expected equilibrium ion fractions of ≲0.2, the highly ionized CGM may represent a significant metal reservoir even for dwarfs not expected to maintain gravitationally shock heated hot halos.
Occurrence of Serious Infection in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Biologics and Denosumab Observed in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Lau Arthur N. , Wong-Pack Matthew , Rodjanapiches Rod , Ioannidis George , Wade Sally , Spangler Leslie , Balasubramanian Akhila , Pannacciulli Nicola , Lin Celia J.F. , Roy-Gayos Patrick , Bensen William G. , Bensen Robert , Adachi Jonathan D.
Published: November 2017

Objective.

Previous studies combining biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have shown an increased risk of infection. However, the risk of infection with concurrent use of denosumab, a biologic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis, and a bDMARD remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the incidence of serious and opportunistic infections in patients treated concurrently with denosumab and a bDMARD and patients treated with a bDMARD alone.

Methods.

A chart review of patients with RA from 2 Canadian rheumatology practices between July 1, 2010, and July 31, 2014, identified 2 groups of patients: those taking denosumab and a bDMARD concurrently (concurrent group) and those taking only a bDMARD (biologic-alone group). Patients were followed from the time of initiation of denosumab, or a matched index date for the biologic-alone group, to the end of the study or loss to followup. Instances of serious or opportunistic infections were recorded.

Results.

A total of 308 patients (n = 102 for the concurrent group and n = 206 for the biologic-alone group) were evaluated. Within the concurrent group, 3 serious infection events occurred. Within the biologic-alone group, 4 serious infection events and 1 opportunistic infection event occurred. In both groups, all patients with serious or opportunistic infection recovered, and there were no instances of death during the study period.

Conclusion.

This study demonstrated a low occurrence of serious and opportunistic infections in patients with RA taking bDMARD, including patients with concurrent denosumab use.
Les apports de la veille sociale aux ressources humaines : cas d’une entreprise de service de transport
Authors: Chalus-Sauvannet Marie-Christine , Delattre Miguel , Noguera Florence
Published: November 2017

La veille sociale est très présente dans les programmes de formation RH mais peu traitée dans les travaux académiques en sciences de gestion. Cette recherche apporte des éclairages théoriques et managériaux sur la mise en place d’un dispositif de veille sociale dans une grande entreprise de transports soumise régulièrement à des tensions sociales. Cette recherche-action réalisée pendant une année a permis d’étudier en profondeur les pratiques existantes dans une entreprise fortement syndicalisée et de conduire une réflexion sur l’amélioration du dispositif de veille sociale afin de mieux anticiper et prévenir les conflits.
L’affaire Dreyfus. La loi du 27 décembre 1900 : une amnistie au goût amer
Authors: Royer Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2017

L’affaire Dreyfus est placée ici sous un jour différent, le prisme de l’oubli, de cet oubli qui traverse toute l’affaire de 1894 à 1906. L’on a essayé de divers côtés de faire oublier cette affaire, de l’extraire de la mémoire collective. Avant que l’opinion ne s’en lasse et qu’elle ne veuille plus entendre parler de cette affaire, il s’est produit maintes tentatives pour la faire oublier jusqu’à ce qu’elle soit ensevelie par la grâce et la loi d’amnistie générale de 1900. Mais, auparavant, il y aura eu une opération que l’on pourrait appeler la « fabrique de l’oubli », c’est-à-dire la construction d’un personnage ignoble que l’on pourra facilement oublier et rejeter. Ensuite ce sera une autre forme d’oubli, l’oubli redouté, l’oubli cynique, refusé ; puis l’oubli souhaité jusqu’à l’oubli amer.
Entre dette et oubli : le pardon
Authors: Foyer Dominique
Published: November 2017

Selon un axe anthropologique et éthique, il s’agit d’examiner les ressorts éthiques de la très ancienne pratique de la prescription des crimes et de l’oubli volontaire des forfaits commis. Prescription et oubli volontaire qui ne veulent pas dire, pour autant, qu’il y ait pardon. Cette pratique a peut-être rencontré ses limites avec les épouvantes du dernier conflit mondial. Selon un axe moral et même théologique, partant des relations complexes entre le pardon et la mémoire, surtout dans le contexte de la Shoah , il est permis d’identifier l’originalité de la proposition chrétienne du pardon et sa différence avec l’oubli, qu’il soit volontaire ou non. Il s’agit autant d’une position théorique que d’une pratique innovante.
Aspects contemporains et comparés de l’oubli en Europe
Authors: Jean Jean-Paul
Published: November 2017

Comment, dans une société hypermnésique, penser l’oubli, et dans le même temps la mémoire, à l’époque de l’histoire immédiate constamment renouvelée quand un événement chasse l’autre dans un flux continu d’informations ? Avec l’Internet, les réseaux sociaux, l ’open data , le big data , les frontières n’existent plus. Comment savoir quelles données vont être spécialement protégées, réservées à quelques-uns ou accessibles à tous ? Face à un droit à l’oubli, comment maîtriser la possibilité de l’oubli ?
Oubli et refoulement chez l’auteur et la victime. Propos cliniques sur le rapport à la Loi
Authors: Motte dit Falisse Jean
Published: November 2017

Le présent article se propose d’éclairer les soubassements psychologiques de l’oubli judiciaire. Pour ce faire, il s’attache à définir et différencier les notions d’oubli, de souvenir et de refoulement dans une perspective clinique. Il permet d’envisager ensuite quelles peuvent être l’influence et l’importance de ces notions au regard du vécu personnel de l’auteur d’un acte transgressif et de sa victime, et de leurs relations, au long des cinq temps d’un processus pénal et de résolution identitaire. Le concept de déni du réel sert enfin à interroger la finalité symbolique et sociale de l’oubli judiciaire en tant que mécanisme de régulation fonctionnelle.
« La langue blessée », les chants du deuil
Authors: Mugiraneza Assumpta
Published: November 2017

Assumpta Mugiraneza donne la parole au langage et montre la place nécessaire des chants pour aider les femmes rescapées à se réparer. Le génocide a écrasé les rituels de deuil, il a produit une rupture anthropologique. Le deuil est reconstitué à travers le chant, car il n’a pas eu lieu dans la réalité. C’est l’occasion de dire la réconciliation. Cela permet de lancer un défi ouvert qui n’est pas brutal, parce que c’est la chose que l’on doit obtenir mais que l’on n’arrive pas à dire autrement. On ne peut se réconcilier quand demeurent la culpabilité et le ressentiment, mais on ne peut penser l’unité avec l’irréparable au centre. La vérité juste, elle, est réparatrice
L’esprit qui ne dit pas son nom
Authors: Motta Marco
Published: November 2017

Ce bref récit raconte un moment d’une série d’étapes rituelles durant lesquelles un groupe restreint tente de convoquer l’esprit qui afflige Sele, un jeune des quartiers pauvres de Zanzibar. Par des chants, des rythmes et des incantations, l’assistance et quelques guérisseurs tentent de « faire monter » l’esprit, encore inconnu, dans le corps du malade pour lui demander son nom. Mais la séance échoue à moitié. Il faudra alors chanter à nouveau pour que l’esprit « porte » entièrement le corps de son hôte et accepte de dire qui il est.
Musiques insensées
Authors: Clouzot Martine
Published: November 2017

Dans les manuscrits enluminés du Moyen Âge, la « musicothérapie » n’apparaît pas dans son acception actuelle, mais sa présence est implicite au sein des images du désordre, de l’excès, du vice et de la maladie. Science arithmétique de la proportion et de l’harmonie, la musique participe aussi du basculement dans le mundus inversus sous les traits de l’insensé et du roi David, des animaux et des hybrides musiciens, des jongleurs, des fous de cour et de carnaval.
“Those unheard are sweeter”
Authors: Kennaway James
Published: November 2017

The historiography of musical hallucinations has hitherto focused on the origins of modern medical investigations of the subject. This has led to a view of the nineteenth century as a break in continuity in which ambivalent mystical conceptions were replaced by scientific perspectives of them as a symptom. This paper looks at the complex attitudes towards the phenomenon in the period, showing how religious, semi-scientific, romantic and medical debates allowed scope for continuing ambiguous and positive views.
Innovation and Creativity Used by Private Sector Firms in a Resources-Constrained Environment
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Thanh , Hipsher Scott A.
Published: November 2017

While innovation has become a popular topic when advocating for technology advancement and enhancing innovative processes in firms in both developed and developing economies, innovation in the context of micro-enterprises in emerging economies, such as Vietnam is not well understood nor has the topic been examined thoroughly. This chapter, in addition to looking at innovation within a micro-entrepreneurial context, includes a review of the academic literature on innovation, entrepreneurship, creativity, competitive advantages, and knowledge as some of the main drivers for social and economic development. Based on the field observations and interviews, it appears business owners of micro-enterprises in Vietnam might often use innovation by depending on their own individual adaptability and creativity to advance business opportunities by building upon existing knowledge as opposed to creating an entirely new business model or concept. Awareness of the nature of innovation within micro-enterprises could be helpful in designing governmental policies which are intended to create conditions which foster innovation and reduce throughout all levels of society and could have a role in reducing poverty.
The Impact of the Internet in Twenty-First Century Addictions
Authors: Bisen Shilpa Suresh , Deshpande Yogesh
Published: November 2017

In the era of digital technology, the internet has its significant role in sprouting vulnerability toward the different form of addictions and psychiatric disorders as well as providing the platform to manage them effectively. The internet provides ready access to illicit drugs, nonprescription medications which facilitate a sale of controlled substances over the Internet without a valid prescription which contributed to the rise of several forms of addictions. Studies have linked the severity of Problematic Internet Use to increase chances of substance Use disorder. Utilization of internet for longer durations serves as a booster for behavioral addictions like online gambling. Web based interventions on the positive side provides a cost effective, readily accessible and user-friendly platform to reach out majority of patients to help them in seeking treatment of Addictions and various psychiatric disorders. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the contribution of the internet in a positive and negative way to develop as well as resolve Psychiatric disorder.
I'm Always Online
Authors: Brkljačić Tihana , Majetić Filip , Wertag Anja
Published: November 2017

Internet use has become an integral part of our lives. It provides a lot of benefits; however, excessive use can have serious consequences for one's well-being. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to explore well-being of heavy Internet users. Empirical research was conducted on 500 students of engineering, who were divided into groups based on the total time per day reported spending in various online activities. The comparison of subjective well-being and sources of life satisfaction and dissatisfaction showed that heavy Internet users were less happy compared to light users. Heavy Internet users found more satisfaction in various entertainment activities, while light users found more satisfaction in love life and family. Findings of this research provide some important theoretical findings, but also point out that the continuing research is needed to further explore the relation between Internet addiction, time spent online, and well-being.
Treatment of Internet Addiction
Authors: Shen Libi
Published: November 2017

The birth of the Internet in 1969 has changed people's lives immensely in the past 48 years. Over the years, this invention has brought people connection, information, communication, business, entertainment, and so forth; however, researchers have found the impact of the Internet's byproduct, namely Internet addiction, in the past two decades as well. It was argued that Internet addiction might be detrimental to people's mental and physical health. The problem is that Internet addiction is not clearly defined, nor has it been included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by American Psychiatric Association. If the definition is not clear and the symptoms are varied, the treatment for Internet addiction would become an issue. In this chapter, the researcher will focus on different approaches to the treatment of Internet addiction based on research after reviewing the definitions, theories, causes, consequences, and symptoms of Internet addiction.
Gender Differences in Relation to Organization Sources of Power
Authors: A'ali Ebtihaj A. Al , Alazali Ralla Mohammed
Published: November 2017

Women encounter more challenges than men in their attempts to reach top managerial positions. Challenges stem from proscribed social roles, employed life strategies, and/or organizational structures. The same challenges lead men and women to use organizational sources of power differently. This qualitative research examines gender differences in relation to individual and contextual issues. Individuals' issues are education, age, religion, and personal values. Contextual issues are exemplified in national culture and international culture. These issues lead interviewees to view sources of power in organizations differently. Sources of power illustrated in legitimate, reward, coercive, referent, expert, and information power are valued and ranked differently based on gender.
Bahraini Women Engineers
Authors: Al-Alawi Adel Ismail , Husamaddin Shurooq , Mejeran Fatema Khaled , Madan Fatema Kadhem
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the current situation of women engineers in the Kingdom of Bahrain in the public and private sectors, discussing some factors that affect women's access to leading positions, and looking for ways to increase the status of Bahraini women leading in this sector, which will consequently contribute to reinforcing their role in this extremely important sector. The research is approached through a quantitative and qualitative study conducted in the public and private engineering field. Two forms of questionnaires, printed and electronic, were distributed among 120 women engineers; responses were received from 57 of them. In general, the results show that although engineering women are very successful in their career and are effectively contributing to the engineering sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain, many issues need to be addressed in order to support them in reaching higher leading positions.
Comparative Study Between Two Swarm Intelligence Automatic Text Summaries
Authors: Boudia Mohamed Amine , Hamou Reda Mohamed , Amine Abdelmalek
Published: November 2017

This article is a comparative study between two bio-inspired approach based on the swarm intelligence for automatic text summaries: Social Spiders and Social Bees. The authors use two techniques of extraction, one after the other: scoring of phrases, and similarity that aims to eliminate redundant phrases without losing the theme of the text. While the optimization use the bio-inspired approach to performs the results of the previous step. Its objective function of the optimization is to maximize the sum of similarity between phrases of the candidate summary in order to keep the theme of the text, minimize the sum of scores in order to increase the summarization rate; this optimization also will give a candidate's summary where the order of the phrases changes compared to the original text. The third and final step concerned in choosing a best summary from all candidates summaries generated by optimization layer, the authors opted for the technique of voting with a simple majority.
A Modified Bio Inspired
Authors: Singh Dharmpal
Published: November 2017

Metaheuristics algorithms are becoming powerful methods for solving many problems of market analysis, data mining, transportation, medical etc. The concept of BAT algorithm, particle swarm optimization, artificial bee colony optimization, cuckoo search, firefly algorithm and harmony search are powerful methods for solving many optimization problems. Here, an effort has been made to propose as modified form of the BAT algorithm based natural echolocation behaviour of bats to solve the optimization problems. The algorithm is also compared other 15 existing benchmark algorithms including statistical methods on five benchmarks data sets. Furthermore, modified BAT algorithm has outperformed the other algorithm in term of robustness and efficiency. The optimality of the algorithm has been also crosscheck with residual analysis and chi (χ2) square testing.
Assessing Algorithmic Performance by Frontier Analysis
Authors: Ablanedo-Rosas Jose Humberto , Rego Cesar
Published: November 2017

In Combinatorial Optimization the evaluation of heuristic algorithms often requires the consideration of multiple performance metrics that are relevant for the application of interest. Traditional empirical analysis of algorithms relies on evaluating individual performance metrics where the overall assessment is conducted by subjective judgment without the support of rigorous scientific methods. The authors propose an analytical approach based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) to rank algorithms by their relative efficiency scores that result from combining multiple performance metrics. To evaluate their approach, they perform a pilot study examining the relative performance of ten surrogate constraint algorithms for different classes of the set covering problem. The analysis shows their DEA-based approach is highly effective, establishing a clear difference between the algorithms' performances at appropriate statistical significance levels, and in consequence providing useful insights into the selection of algorithms to address each class of instances. Their approach is general and can be used with all types of performance metrics and algorithms.