bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O DIÁLOGO NA ABORDAGEM PREVENTIVA AO EXAME DAS MAMAS E CITOPATOLÓGICO: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Soares Diniz Danielly , Karla de Araújo Oliveira Raissa , Emília Araújo de Oliveira Ana
Published: March 2021

Promover a saúde da população é uma das condutas mais importantes para a propagação de mudanças, uma vez que esta proporciona melhoria na qualidade de vida e aumenta o potencial de cada indivíduo, trazendo a ele a capacidade de intervir em questões de sua saúde. O diálogo entre o profissional e a usuária é essencial não somente para o compartilhamento do saber, como para proporcionar um impacto reflexivo nas mulheres sobre as práticas de saúde corretas, prevenção de doenças e também estabelece uma maior criação de vínculos de confiança entre estas, deixando-as mais confiantes para a realização dos exames. Nesse contexto, a Atenção Básica se configura como a principal porta de entrada à assistência da população e dentre suas atribuições, exerce grande importância para o controle dos cânceres do colo do útero (CCU) e o de mama, já que ambos atingem muitas mulheres. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência como graduanda de enfermagem no atendimento à saúde da mulher, durante o estágio na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo na modalidade relato de experiência, baseado na vivência do Estágio Supervisionado na Rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde, realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2019, na Unidade Básica de Saúde Adriana Bezerra, no Município de Campina Grande - PB. Resultados: Os atendimentos incluíram as mulheres que eram agendadas para a consulta de enfermagem em Saúde da Mulher, realizando o exame clínico das mamas e o exame de citopatológico (Papanicolau). Conclusão: Conclui-se que o estudo destacou a importância das mulheres possuírem conhecimento sobre a importância dos exames preventivos, observando que o desconhecimento impacta diretamente na adesão destas à realização dos mesmos. Deste modo, é necessário que os profissionais de saúde desenvolvam ações educativas que envolvam as mulheres, contribuindo para reduzir o índice de mortalidade nesta população. Palavras chave: Saúde da Mulher. Exame Papanicolau. Câncer de Mama.
The Use of Force during Territorial Occupation
Authors: Sardar Muhammad Abdul Waqar Khan Arif
Published: March 2021

It is well established that the provisions of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) regulates armed conflicts and guarantees protection to civilians. Similarly certain protections are also available under laws, such as, International Law of Occupation (ILOC) and International Human rights Law (IHRL). However, we know that often an occupying power uses force against civilians in the course of and maintenance of its occupation? But what grounds they give for the justification of use of force is the matter of critical focus in this article. We analyze the case studies of the State of Jammu and Kashmir (J & K) and Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) to critically discuss the grounds of use of force under international law.
NSAIDS: A RISK FACTOR AFFECTING PEPTIC ULCER PERFORATION
Authors: Gupta Neelkamal , K Mangtani Jitendra , K Khandelwal Dheeraj
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:Apeptic ulcer is a defect in the upper gastrointestinal mucosa that extends through the muscularis mucosa into deeper layers
of the gut wall. Non-steroidal anti-inammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the major risk factors for peptic ulcer disease.Long-term use of NSAIDs,
however, can cause gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers and potentially life-threatening ulcer complications. MATERIALAND METHOD: The present
study was conducted on 100 patients of peptic ulcer of either sex in Department of Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur.
History of any other co morbid illness and any drug being taken with its time duration were recorded in detail. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
From this study, it was observed that among the 69 patients of duodenal perforation, 73.91% were taking NSAID. Similarly among the 31 patients
of gastric perforation 80.64% were taking NSAID. Overall total 76% patients were taking these drugs. CONCLUSION: It is concluded from this
study that a strong statistical correlation was found between use of NSAIDs and peptic ulcer perforation.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE HAEMODYNAMIC CHANGES
BETWEEN ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION AND LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY
INSERTION
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Prakash Anant , Choudhary Chandeshwar , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Airway management is a crucial skill for the clinical anaesthesiologist. It is an integral part of general anesthesia, allowing
ventilation and oxygenation as well as a mode for anesthetic gas delivery. The laryngeal mask airways (LMA) have become popular in airway
management as a missing link between facemask and tracheal tube in terms of both anatomical position and degree of invasiveness.
Haemodynamic stability is an important aspect to the anaesthesiologist for the benet of the patients especially during intubations, laryngeal mask
insertion. Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation can cause striking changes in Haemodynamics as result of intense stimulation of sympathetic
nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic changes between endotracheal intubation and laryngeal mask airway
insertion.
Material And Methods: This was a prospective observational study on 46 patients of ASA I-II status divided into 2 groups of 23 each. In the ETT
(Endotracheal tube) group endotracheal intubation was done using Macintosh laryngoscope by using portex cuffed endotracheal while in LMA
(Laryngeal mask airway) group laryngeal mask airway was inserted according to the standard recommendation. Heart rate, Systolic, Diastolic and
Mean arterial pressure and dysrhythmias were monitored.
Results: The two groups were comparable in terms of demographic data as there were no signicant differences between the 2 groups in terms of
age, sex, duration of surgery, ASA grades and MPC classication. Heart rate (HR), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure(DBP),
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) remains on higher side in ETT group than LMA group which was statistically signicant. P<0.05. Dysrhythmias
were noted in 2 patients of ETT group while LMA group did not notice any dysrhythmias.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there is a haemodynamic response consisting of an increase in Heart rate, SBP, DBP and MAP that
comes with ETT insertion as well as with LMA insertion. However, the response caused by ETT insertion is signicantly greater than that caused
by LMA insertion.
CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF LIVER ABSCESS PATIENTS AT
MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF ANMMCH, GAYA, BIHAR
Authors: Bhushan Bharat , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Background: Liver comprises 48% of all the visceral abscesses. It is common in India with 2nd highest incidence due to poor sanitation,
overcrowding and inadequate nutrition. Worldwide, approximately 40-50 million people are infected annually with amoebic abscesses. This study
aims to observe the clinical and biochemical prole of liver abscess patients so that a prompt diagnosis can be made and early treatment can be
given.
Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 1 year on 50 patients of liver abscess. History and physical examination was done. All patients
were subjected to complete hemogram, liver function test, coagulation prole (PT/INR) and USG abdomen. Serology for Entamoeba histolytica
and HIV was done.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.8 years with male preponderance. Amoebic liver abscess (86%) was predominant over pyogenic liver
abscess (14%). Alcoholism (52%) and diabetes mellitus (20%) are main predisposing factors in case of liver abscess. Hepatomegaly was found in
80% cases. Elevated ALP, low albumin, increased PT INR points to the diagnosis of liver abscess. The abscesses were predominantly in right lobe
(76%) and solitary (66%). Complications seen were ascites (12%) and pleural effusion (6%).
Conclusions: Liver abscess should be suspected in patients presenting with prolonged fever and pain upper abdomen specially if patient is
alcoholic or has diabetes mellitus. Ultrasonography is an easy and cost effective investigation to diagnose liver abscess. Early and aggressive
treatment is the mainstay to prevent complications, morbidity and mortality
CLINICO-ETIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CHRONIC LEG ULCER IN
DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY, PATNA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL,
PATNA, BIHAR.
Authors: Kumar Alok , Shankar Vikas , Manadavi Manadavi , Ayushi Ayushi , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Background:Achronic leg ulcer (CLU) is a signicant public health problem. It has various etiologies. Racial, familial, occupational, and social
factors may also have an impact on the prevalence of different causes of leg ulcers. Though there are western data on the epidemiology of leg ulcer,
similar data are largely unavailable from our part of the world.
Aims:We undertook a study in PMCH, Patna, Bihar, a tertiary care center to determine the clinical and etiological pattern of patients with CLU.
Materials And Methods: Hundred consecutive patients presenting with CLU, fullling the criteria, were included after informed consent.
Patients were subjected to proper history taking, clinical examination, routine blood test, and pus for culture and sensitivity test (where needed)
along with Ankle Brachial Index (ABI).
Results: Among the 100 patients, venous ulcer (34%) was predominant followed by arterial ulcer (14%), mixed arterial and venous ulcer (11%).
History of smoking (56%) and obesity (BMI >25) (32%) were the common risk factors in leg ulcer patients. Fifty nine percent of the total CLU were
infected and out of this, 86.4% showed growth of microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus (39%) was the most commonly isolated organism,
followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%). Eleven (24.44%) clinically diagnosed venous ulcer patients showed signicantly lower ABI (<0.9)
and were diagnosed as mixed ulcer (a venous ulcer with a peripheral arterial disease).
Conclusion:Venous ulcer and mixed ulcer are the most common type of CLU
A CROSS SECTIONAL WEB BASED SURVEY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE,
ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS COVID-19 AMONG THE GENERAL RURAL
AND URBAN POPULATION OF UDAIPUR CITY, RAJASTHAN
Authors: Salvi Ganesh
Published: March 2021

Background: The understanding level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards communicable diseases can role as barrier for community
spread. Thus it become needful to apply necessary measures in forms of health education and behavior change communication method to prevent
spread of communicable disease like COVID-19.
Aims: Present study aimed to examine the KAPtoward COVID 19 among the general population.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, web based, observational study among the general population of rural area. It was carried out from 14
October to 24 October, 2020 using google form, WhatsApp application. Information related to demographic characteristics and KAP about
COVID 19 was collected and analyzed in Microsoft Excel.
Results and conclusion:The mean age of the participants was 49 years, with 1140(57%) male and 860(43%) female. In order to deal appropriately
to the newly spread infectious disease, people need to have basic knowledge about disease, positive attitude and good practices for prevention of
disease. The present study found that a majority of the participants had good sufcient level of knowledge on COVID-19 virus. Even people are not
very sure about how long this pandemic situation will stay and also how government can win on COVID-19virus to avoid spreading.
A STUDY ON FUNGAL AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS AND ITS ANTIFUNGAL
SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS IN A TERTIARY
CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Sevakumari R. Synthia , Deepa R. , Jeyalakshmi G.
Published: March 2021

Patients undergoing Hemodialysis in Renal failure cases are at a higher risk of developing pathogenic and opportunistic fungal infections and
parasitic infections due to the defective immune system. Accumulation of non excreted metabolites by kidney and associated chronic renal
insufciency leads to uremia and induces a state of immunosuppression that results in higher frequency of acquiring fungal and parasitic infection
through Central venous catheters (CVC), contact with nursing personale, equipments, material on surface and from hands. Opportunistic intestinal
parasitic infections are the most important cause of severe diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, especially in patients undergoing
hemodialysis. This cross sectional study was undertaken to determine the incidence of fungal and parasitic infection in Acute and Chronic Renal
failure patients on hemodialysis with Central Venous Catheter, to analyze the associated risk factors and to perform antifungal susceptibility
pattern. This study was done in the Institute of Microbiology in association with Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical College, Rajiv
Gandhi Government General Hospital, and Chennai for a period of one year from September 2011- October 2012 A total Materials and Methods:
number of 150 inpatients between the age group of 18-65 who are admitted for Hemodialysis in Nephrology ward were taken for the study. The risk
factors associated in developing fungal and parasitic infections were observed. Fungal isolates from Blood, Catheter tip, swab from infected site,
urine, Sputum were cultured by fungal culture and isolation of parasites in stool sample was done according to standard microbiological
techniques. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done using standard CLSI guidelines. A total of 5.6% of C.albicans, C.tropicalis, Results:
C.parapsilosis was isolated from blood. Aspergillus avus was isolated only from catheter in 11.1% of cases and Aspergillus fumigatus in 5.6% of
cases. Among the 4 cases Candida species isolated from catheter, 3 cases had candidemia and was treated with intravenous antifungal drugs. Out
of 150 patients 13 patients had gastero intestinal symtoms Entamoeba histolytica was predominantly seen in 46.1% of patients with
gasterointestinal symptoms followed by Giardia 30.7% , Cryptosporidium parvum 15.3% and Microsporidia 7.6%
A STUDY ON THE USE OF MENSTRUAL BLOOD SAMPLING IN THE DETECTION
OF FEMALE GENITAL TUBERCULOSIS BY NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION
TECHNIQUE (NAAT)
Authors: Bajpai Pallavi , Chaudhary Eema , Tyagi Mamta , Jindal Sonal
Published: March 2021

Objectives:To assess the prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and rifampicin resistance in females of fertile age group
suffering from genital tuberculosis using menstrual blood (MB), through nucleic acid amplication technique (NAAT).Methods: A prospective
observational study was conducted for a period of 23 months which included 50 women of clinically suspected genital tuberculosis of childbearing
age Day 1 or Day 2 MB of all females of child bearing age was taken. The specimen were subjected to AFB testing by ZN staining and NAAT by
Truenat for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA detection and Rifampicin resistance. The data was entered in MS EXCEL spreadsheet and
analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: The mean age of study subjects were 26.6 ± 6 years.
MB was positive for AFB Stain (ZN Stain) in 50% cases but MTB DNA was detected through Truenat in 1 only out of 50 patients. MDR -TB
suspicion on the basis of ATT response was present in 7 out of 50 patients(14%) but none of the patients showed Rifampicin resistance on NAAT
technique.Conclusion: We performed this study as a sort of Pilot project, which used Menstrual blood as a sample, since it is the most non-invasive
sampling and tried to use new technique of Truenat for MTB detection and drug resistance characterisation. The negative ndings of the study
must be interpreted in consideration of limitations such as small sample size, relatively newer technique and sampling method.
A KINETICS AND MECHANISTIC STUDY OF THE OXIDATION OF L-ARGININE BY
QDC IN DMF-WATER MEDIUM
Authors: Jain Deepika , Rathor Shilpa
Published: March 2021

The present paper describes the kinetics of oxidation of l-Arginine by QDC in the presence of perchloric acid in 30% DMF-H O(v/v) medium at 2
+
40⁰C spectrophotometrically at λ =354nm. The reaction is rst order with respect to [QDC], [H ], and [substrate]. The reaction rate increased with max
increasing volume percentage of DMF in reaction mixture. Michaelis- Menten type kinetic was observed with l-Arginine. The reaction rates were
studied at different temperature and the activation parameters has been computed. The main product was identied as Cr (III) and 4-Guanidino
buteraldehyde.
ECO-TOXIC EFFECTS DUE TO EXTENSIVE USE OF PESTICIDES AND
PHYTOREMEDIATION IN ACTION
Authors: Ray Suryapratap , Sonia Miss.
Published: March 2021

Frequent use of Insecticides including Carbamates, Organophosphate and Pyrethroids in agriculture increased the environmental toxicity. The use
of such chemicals is very common now a days. The proper management, storage and use can help in such toxicity prevention up to some extent.
This review article put forwards a detailed discussion on phytoremediation, where it emphasised the importance of phytoremediation of pesticide
contaminated soil. The scope of this article covers the basics of carbamate pesticides (Carbofuran), Sources of contamination, ecosystems that are
being affected and the rhizosphere as the active site of remediation (importance of plantation to help get rid of toxicity). The recent advantages in
the similar eld are taken into consideration by reviewing some important research works done in past.
PREVALENCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC INTESTINAL PARASITOSIS IN SCHOOL
GOING CHILDREN IN BARABANKI DISTRICT
Authors: Pandey Abhay , Sharma Meenakshi
Published: March 2021

Introduction:-Intestinal Parasitic infection among school going children is one of the important contributors of the overall disease burden
worldwide. The objective of this study to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection in school going children in Barabanki district.
Material And Methods: -This study included 100 school going children. Stool samples had been collected from the neighboring schools in
Barabanki district. The sample that was collected, was transported to the Department of Microbiology laboratory of Mayo Institute of Medical
Sciences, Barabanki where direct wet mounts (normal saline and Lugol's iodine) were prepared and screened under 10x and 40x.
Results: -Atotal of 100 stool samples were examined out of which 44(44%) revealed the presence of parasites. Among these 44 samples 33 (75%)
samples were infected with at least one parasite, 9 (20.45%) were infected with two parasites and 2 (4.54%) were infected with three and more
parasites. Protozoan formed 16 (48.49%) of total infestation while helminthic infestations were seen in 17 (51.51%) samples. The total no. of
positive cases with Intestinal parasitic infection was more in males 36/64(46.88%). Maximum number of positive cases were found in 11 - 15 years
of age groups 38 (45.24%).
Conclusion:- Our study concludes that a knowledge of prevalence of asymptomatic intestinal parasitosis among school going children help in
education with intestinal parasitic infection.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND FENTANYL AS AN
ADJUVANT TO EPIDURAL BUPIVACAINE IN LOWER LIMB SURGERIES
Authors: Prakash Anant , Kumar Rahul , Choudhary Chandeshwar , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Background: Epidural anesthesia is the most commonly used technique for inducing surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients
undergoing lower limb surgeries. Fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural local anesthetic has been used for a long time. Dexmedetomidine is a potent
and highly selective á-2-adrenoceptor agonist with analgesic potency.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine in lower
limb surgeries.
Materials And Methods: Sixty patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Grade I or II who were undergoing lower limb
surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Group BD: received epidural study solution of 38 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine hydrochloride + 1 ml
of 100 ìg dexmedetomidine + 1 ml of normal saline. Group BF: received epidural study solution of 38 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine hydrochloride + 2
ml of 100 ìg fentanyl. Onset and maximum level of sensory blockade, time to attain maximum sensory level, time to complete motor blockade, time
for two-segment regression, duration of analgesia and motor block, heart rate, and blood pressure were observed. Pain and sedation were assessed
by numerical rating scale and Ramsay Sedation Scale, respectively. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results: The onset of sensory blockade and time to attain maximum sensory level in Group BD were earlier than that of Group BF (P < 0.001).
Duration of analgesia and motor blockade in Group BD were signicantly more than that of Group BF (P < 0.001). Postoperative visual analog
scale was reduced statistically signicantly in Group BD (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine is a better alternative to fentanyl with higher analgesic property
EFFICACY OF COMBINATION OF VITAMIN B1, B6 AND B12 IN MANAGEMENT OF
DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Authors: Raj Abhishek , Jha Awadhesh Kumar , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Aim: To determine the efcacy of combination of vitamin B1, B6 and B12 in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods:
Patients of diabetes mellitus with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were selected from Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College and Hospital,
Bettiah, W. Champaran, Bihar and study done at Pharmacology Department of GMC, Bettiah, W. Champaran, Bihar. The duration of study was six
months from March 2019 to August 2019. Patients were prescribed Tab Neurobion (vitamin B1 100mg, vitamin B6 100mg, Vitamin B12 200mcg)
twice a day for a period of 4 weeks (28 days). Follow up visit was scheduled on 28th day of the initial visit. Efcacy was judged by documenting
improvement in pain of at least 2 points from the baseline as assessed by numeric pain rating scale. Mean age of the patients was observed Results:
46.7±8.6 years. Out of 310 cases, 177 patients (57.0%) were male and remaining 133 patients (43.0%) were female. Duration of diabetes as
follows: 83 patients (26.8%) had duration of 0-10 year, 139 patients (44.8%) had 11-20 year, 77 patients (24.8%) had 21-30 year and 11 patients
(3.6%) had >30 years of duration. Combination of vitamin B1, B6 and B12 in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was found to be
efcacious in 271 patients (87.4%). Treatment with combination of vitamin B1, B6 and B12 Conclusion: appeared to improve pain relief among
patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
A STUDY ON THE MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY OF OTOMYCOSIS IN A TERTIARY
CARE CENTRE
Authors: M Geethanjali , R Girija K
Published: March 2021

Introduction- Otomycosis implies fungal infection of the external ear. Objective- To identify the various fungal agents causing otomycosis in
patients presenting with symptoms of the same and the associated bacterial infections. Materials And Methods- A prospective study was
conducted in the department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Thrissur for a period of 1year. Results-Atotal of 150 ear swabs were
collected from patients with symptoms of otomycosis. 55 samples yielded fungal growth, predominant causative agent being Aspergillus niger
followed by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida species, Aspergillus tereus and Penicillium species. 22 samples showed bacterial
co infection with predominant bacterial species being Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Conclusion: Early clinical diagnosis, identifying the causative agents and treatment with appropriate drugs is essential in reducing the morbidity
due to otomycosis.
A RARE CASE OF FAVOURABLE PREGNANCY OUTCOME FOLLOWING
CONTRACEPTION FAILURE WITH INTRAUTERINE DEVICE IN SITU AMIDST
'LOCKDOWN' DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Saravagi Ganesh
Published: March 2021

Different reliable methods of contraception are used. However, women still get pregnant when it fails. It would be dramatic when a lady has an
intrauterine device in place and still she conceive and delivers a healthy baby at term. Failure rate of copper containing intrauterine contraceptive
device (IUCD) is usually less than 2 women per 100 women years. Pregnancy continued with IUCD in situ can result in adverse pregnancy and
neonatal outcome in comparison to its removal at an early stage of pregnancy. Early detection of pregnancy with IUCD in situ and proper
management are very important to avoid many obstetric emergencies later on. The reported case is precisely the same kind of case, where the lady
had left with no other option but to continue her pregnancy due to lack of required medical facility early in her gestation, but had a favourable
maternal and neonatal outcome.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO SHORT DURATION (4 WEEK & 6 WEEK) PLYOMETRIC
TRAINING ON AGILITY PERFORMANCE IN SEMI - PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL
PLAYERS (A COMPARATIVE STUDY)
Authors: Siddiqui Abraar , Desai (PT) Manali , Ghumatkar (PT) Mayuri , Kumar (PT) Ajay
Published: March 2021

Background: Plyometric training (PT) has been shown to improve agility among sports which require aerobic endurance. Semi-professional
football players need a short-term training program which will improve their performance in competitive matches even due to time constraint or
lack of professional training. The study aims to identify effectiveness of two short duration program 4 week or 6-week plyometric training on
agility in semi-professional football players.
Method: In this comparative experimental study, 45 semi-professional football players were selected and randomly divided into three groups. One
group underwent 4 weeks of plyometric training, other group 6 weeks of plyometric training and control was third group. All the participants
performed Agility T test before and after completion of training.
Result: Data was recorded and used for statistical analysis. There was statistically signicant difference between pre (15.05 + 0.81) seconds and
post (14.8 + 0.58) seconds values after 4- weeks of Plyometric training & pre (15.05 + 0.81) seconds and post (14.4 + 0.70) seconds values after 6-
weeks of plyometric training. Intergroup comparison between all three groups showed no difference between 4 weeks and 6 weeks of plyometric
training. (p>0.05)
Conclusion: Thus, our study shows that both the short-term training programs are equally effective in improving agility among semi – professional
football players.
TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF DROTAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND
VALETHAMATE BROMIDE IN SHORTENING OF THE FIRST STAGE OF LABOUR AT
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF JLNMCH, BHAGALPUR, BIHAR
Authors: Jha Archana , Kumar Satyendra , Kumari [Prof.] Usha , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Background: To compare the efcacy of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide in shortening of the rst stage of Labor.
Drotaverine is more effective in regards of shorten the 1st stage of labor, rate of cervical dilatation with less side effects in compare to Valethamate
Bromide.
Methods:Two Hundred demographically similes woman with full term pregnancy in active labour were included in the study and divided into two
groups viz.
First Group: 100 women were given injection Drotaverine Hydrochloride (Drotin) 40 mg intramuscularly at 3-4 cm dilation at two hour interval.
Second Group: 100 women were given injection Valethamate Bromide Intramuscularly at 3-4 cm dilation at one hour interval.
Maximum three injections were given in both the groups. Comparative analysis was carried out as regards to duration of various stages of labor, rate
of cervical dilatation, mode of delivery, side effects and feto-maternal outcome.
Results: In Group-I Average duration of active phase of rst stage of labor was 149.78 minutes. In Primigravida it was 170.22 minutes and 129.35
minutes in Multigravida.
In Group II Average duration of active phase of rst stage of labor was 294.62 minutes.
In Primigravida it was 321.71 minutes and 267.54 minutes in Multigravida.
Average rate of cervical dilatation in Group-I was 2.81cm/hour. In Primigravida it was 2.50 cm/hour while in Multi gravid it was 3.33cm/hour.
In Group-II average rate was 1.42 cm/hour, in Primigravida it was 1.30 cm/hour and in Multigravida1.57 cm/hour.
Conclusions: Drotaverine signicantly shorten the duration of rst stage of labor and found to be safe with no adverse effect on the mother and
fetus.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF ATRACURIUM AND CISATRACURIUM IN
PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES UNDER GENERAL
ANESTHESIA AT DMCH, LAHERIASARAI, BIHAR
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Kumari Manisha , Singh Hari Damodar , Roy [Prof.] S. N. , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Background: The present study was done to test compare the efcacy of atracurium and cisatracurium regarding onset time, intubating conditions,
hemodynamic effects, duration of action, signs histamine release and evaluate whether cisatracurium is more effective than atracurium with regard
to the criteria.
Materials And Methods: This study was done in the Department of Anaesthesia, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar.
Study was done for a period from July 2019 to November 2020. An informed consent was taken from all patients. Group A (25 patients) received
Atracurium 0.5mg/kg IV and Group B (25 patients) received Cisatracurium 0.3mg/kg IV.
Results: Duration of action of Cisatracurium (0.3 mg/kg) is signicantly high compared to Atracurium (0.5mg/kg) with p<0.001. 83% of patients
treated with Cisatracurium had excellent intubating conditions as compared to 47% with Atracurium which was signicant. Hemodynamic
changes in either of them were clinically insignicant. Signs of histamine release was seen in two patients in Atracurium group whereas none in
Cisatracurium group.
Conclusion: Cisatracurium at a higher dose of 0.3mg/kg as compared to Atracurium 0.5mg/kg provided more effective and rapid neuromuscular
blockade with excellent intubating conditions, longer duration of action, stable hemodynamics and no associated signs of histamine release
clinically.
A STUDY OF FASTING LIPID PROFILE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS
AT MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF ANMMCH, GAYA, BIHAR
Authors: Bhushan Bharat , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Background: Dyslipidemia is very much common in chronic kidney disease patients and is responsible for cardiovascular disease (CKD) which is
most common cause of mortality in them. So, it is necessary to study the lipid prole in CKD patients to prevent morbidity and mortality. Methods:
Subjects each of 50 in number are grouped into healthy controls (group-1), CKD patients without hemodialysis (group-2), CKD patients with
hemodialysis (group-3). After fasting of 12 hours, lipid prole is assessed in all cases. Results: In this study, there is increase in Total cholesterol
(TC), Low Density lipoprotein (LDL), very Low-Density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG) and decrease in High Density Lipoprotein
(HDL) in all CKD patients compared to healthy controls (p-value for each parameter <0.001). There is increase in TC, TG and VLDL in diabetic
CKD patients compare to non-diabetic CKD patients and p-value for each parameter is <0.05. It was found that TG and VLDL increase and HDL
decrease in group-3 compare to group-2 is statistically signicant (p-value for each <0.05) and no signicant variation in TC and LDL in these
groups. Conclusions: Present study demonstrated that there is dyslipidemia in CKD patients irrespective of mode of management, but the
derangement is much more common and signicant in CKD with hemodialysis group and they are at risk of cardiovascular disease. It is better to
start lipid lowering drugs which decreases disease progression and dyslipidemia.
E-NOTICE ANDROID APPLICATION
Authors: Aswar Jay , Khadke Himanshu , Ladhane Mayuri , Gore Prof. Sonal
Published: March 2021

E-notice app is a place for students to view notices and teachers to post them for easy and fast communication. The notice board has always been a
place where students and teachers gather to get the latest release of notices. We aim to bring this board to a virtual location where staff/students will
not only read notices but also respond to them immediately through their own desk. Students sometimes waste their time reading notices in which
they are not interested. We come up with solutions to these problems. Students who are not interested in notices related to a particular cell will not be
notied with notices related to that particular cell. This will also help to communicate notices/news not only in text form but in other formats also
like image, video, etc.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF GASTRIC BIOPSIES
Authors: Jethalya Manu , Totla Saurabh
Published: March 2021

Background: Stomach is an important site for variety of lesions especially malignant tumours. Gastric biopsies along with clinical prole of cases
play an important role in the diagnosis of gastric neoplasm and therefore aids in early management. Aim and Objectives: To study the
histopathology of Gastric biopsies and correlate them with clinical presentation, age, sex and to differentiate them between neoplastic and non
neoplastic lesions. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was done in the Department of Pathology Geetanjali Medical College and
Hospital, Udaipur between 1stJanuary 2019 to 30thJune 2020. A total of 83 gastric biopsies were included in the study and were analyzed along
with their clinical proles. Results: A total of 83 gastric biopsies were included in the study. Most commonly affected age group was 50-69 years
with 41 patients (49.40%) followed by 40-49 years with 14(16.87%). Out of 83 cases, 58 (69.88%) were males & 25 (30.12%) were females, 26
(31.33%) cases were non neoplastic & 57 (68.67%) cases were neoplastic.Conclusion: The gastric biopsy not only permits exact diagnosis of
specic entity but also helps to plan for early medical or surgical therapy. The histopathological study detects mucosal lesions at an early stage
especially atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia as to prevent progress of these lesions to invasive cancer.
EVALUATION OF POST PARTUM INTRA CESAREAN AND VAGINAL INSERTION
OF INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE
Authors: Pathak Anita
Published: March 2021

To evaluate the efcacy and long-term safety effect of post partum intrauterine contraceptive device after vaginal and cesarean birth in NMCH,
Patna over a period of 12months. Atotal of 300 women who opted for PPIUCD, whether delivered vaginally or by cesarean were enrolled into study
at NMCH, Dept. of Obst & Gynae, Patna. Both modes of PPIUCD Insertion were found to have very low rate of expulsion, vaginal bleeding,
missing strings and also effective as contraceptive. Strings of PPIUCD were less visible after cesarean insertion than vaginal insertion. Expulsion
rate was 5% in vaginal group and 2% in intra-cesarean group. PPIUCD is an appealing approach and may become the best choice as post partum
contraception after vaginal as well as cesarean delivery.
INCIDENCE OF DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG BACTERIAL ISOLATES OBTAINED
IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: More A.P. , Andhale J.D.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Infections caused by Gram negative bacteria is major health threat to patients in intensive care units and to patients with some
comorbidity. Constant surveillance of drug-resistance among the different bacterial pathogens is important in prevention and management of
infections caused by these pathogens. Such type of study also help clinicians to prescribe correct drug regimen to the patients suffering from these
infections which may be primary, secondary or nosocomial, reducing the morbidity, mortality and hospitalization period. The present study is
undertaken to study the drug susceptibility pattern and its incidence among the different bacterial pathogens isolated from different clinical
samples obtained at Tertiary Care Hospital.
Materials and Methods: The samples received from different clinical units were subjected to bacteriological investigations using standard
microbiological procedures. The isolated pure cultures of bacterial pathogens were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing as per the CLSI
guidelines of 2016. The data of antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated pathogens were tabulated and prevalence of each drug resistance and multidrug resistance were determined to study the trends of drug resistance among these pathogens.
Results: The incidence of infections caused by Gram negative bacteria was found to be 74.67% among all the isolates and that of Gram positive
bacterial infections was found to be 25.33% respectively. Esch.coli (37.32%) was the most frequently isolated Gram negative bacterium followed
by Ps. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Proteus spp.in the descending order among all the isolates of Gram positive and Gram
negative isolates.
Conclusion: The incidence of infections caused by Gram negative bacteria was higher than those caused by Gram positive bacteria. Esch.coli was
the most common pathogen among the Gram negative bacterial isolates whereas Staph.aureus was the most common pathogen among all the Gram
positive bacterial isolates. All the bacterial isolates showed 100% multi-drug resistance and the incidence of drug resistance to second generation
penicillin and cephalosporins were found to be remarkably higher among all the bacterial isolates.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF UTERINE LEIOMYOMA IN HYSTERECTOMY SPECIMENS
Authors: Kumar Satyendra , Jha Archana , Mishra [Prof.] Ravi Kant , Jana Debarshi
Published: March 2021

Background: Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign neoplasm in women of reproductive age group. Hysterectomy is a mode of therapy in uterine Leiomyoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in hysterectomy specimens with uterine leiomyomas. This is a retrospective study of one hundred sixty eight patients w Methods: ho underwent hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma. Results: Uterine leiomyoma was most common in the age group of 41-50 years (54.76%). Most common location of leiomyoma was intramural (51.2%). Degenerative changes were seen in 10.72% cases. Hyaline degeneration was the most common type of degenera-tion (7.14%). Proliferative endometrium was the most common endometrial pattern (63.1%) in uterine leiomyoma. Associated malignant lesions were observed in 1.8 % cases of uterine leiomyoma. Uterine leiomyoma is associated wi Conclusion: th degenerative changes and coexistent benign and malignant patholologies. Histopathological examination of hysterectomy specimens should be done to conrm the diagnosis and rule out other pathologies, especially malignant lesions.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF NABAKANTA BARUA'S NOVEL “KAPILIPARIYA SADHU”
IN THE FIELD OF ASSAMESE LITERATURE: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: Hussain Abul
Published: March 2021

Nabakanta Barua, a well revered member of the Assamese literati, contributed to various disciplines of Assamese Literature including poems,
novels, songs, articles and children's literature. Nabakanta Barua is revered in the Assamese literature world for his persona as a poet and a novelist.
In addition to introducing revolutionary changes to the modern Assamese poetry, Barua has been admired for his contribution in the Assamese
Novel literature. He presented Assamese literature with several well-written and uniquely avored novels, which were based on real life. While the
novels reect the cultural heritage of the author in their chapters, the folk life resonates in the words. Nabakanta Barua encompassed a uniquely
untrodden and vast area with his multi-genre novels. His writings, which have given Assamese literature more than one path to grow and ourish,
provide much to study and to understand. This study attempts to analyze the various elements that has been reected in his novel “Kapilipariya
Sadhu”. It is a qualitative analysis of the sample both as textual and content.
Learning by Passing Tests, with Application to Neural Architecture Search
Authors: Du Xuefeng , Zhang Haochen , Xie Pengtao
Published: March 2021

Learning through tests is a broadly used methodology in human learning and shows great effectiveness in improving learning outcome: a sequence of tests are made with increasing levels of difficulty; the learner takes these tests to identify his/her weak points in learning and continuously addresses these weak points to successfully pass these tests. We are interested in investigating whether this powerful learning technique can be borrowed from humans to improve the learning abilities of machines. We propose a novel learning approach called learning by passing tests (LPT). In our approach, a tester model creates increasingly more-difficult tests to evaluate a learner model. The learner tries to continuously improve its learning ability so that it can successfully pass however difficult tests created by the tester. We propose a multi-level optimization framework to formulate LPT, where the tester learns to create difficult and meaningful tests and the learner learns to pass these tests. We develop an efficient algorithm to solve the LPT problem. Our method is applied for neural architecture search and achieves significant improvement over state-of-the-art baselines on CIFAR-100, CIFAR-10, and ImageNet.
Learning by Ignoring, with Application to Domain Adaptation
Authors: Zhao Xingchen , He Xuehai , Xie Pengtao
Published: March 2021

Learning by ignoring, which identifies less important things and excludes them from the learning process, is broadly practiced in human learning and has shown ubiquitous effectiveness. There has been psychological studies showing that learning to ignore certain things is a powerful tool for helping people focus. In this paper, we explore whether this useful human learning methodology can be borrowed to improve machine learning. We propose a novel machine learning framework referred to as learning by ignoring (LBI). Our framework automatically identifies pretraining data examples that have large domain shift from the target distribution by learning an ignoring variable for each example and excludes them from the pretraining process. We formulate LBI as a three-level optimization framework where three learning stages are involved: pretraining by minimizing the losses weighed by ignoring variables; finetuning; updating the ignoring variables by minimizing the validation loss. A gradient-based algorithm is developed to efficiently solve the three-level optimization problem in LBI. Experiments on various datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.
Реологические свойства нанокомпозитов на основе полиэтилена высокой плотности и термозолы бытовых отходов
Authors: Кахраманов Н. Т. , Гасанова А. А. , Арзуманова Н. Б. , Аллахвердиева Х. В.
Published: March 2021

Приводятся результаты исследования влияния концентрации наночастиц термозолы бытовых отходов на реологические свойства нанокомпозитов на основе полиэтилена высокой плотности. Приводятся кривые течения нанокомпозитов, а также зависимость вязкости расплава от концентрации наполнителя, скорости сдвига и температуры. Установлено, что введение термозолы в состав полиэтилена высокой плотности приводит к некоторому повышению текучести расплава нанокомпозитов. Построена температурно-инвариантная характеристика вязкостных свойств нанокомпозитов, позволяющая прогнозировать величину этого показателя применительно к реальным условиям их переработки методами экструзии и литья под давлением.
Несингулярные решения в механике трещин для градиентной теории упругости ортотропного тела
Authors: Васильев В. В. , Волков-Богородский Д. Б. , Лурье С. А. , Белов П. А.
Published: March 2021

Вариант градиентной модели с одним скалярным параметром используется для построения несингулярных решений механики трещин в ортотропной пластине. Для решений градиентной ортотропной плоской теории упругости получены представления типа Папковича-Нейбера для перемещений и напряжений через вспомогательные потенциалы, которые удовлетворяют обобщённым уравнениям типа Гельмгольца с локальным масштабным параметром, имеющим анизотропный характер. Полные решения проблемы записываются в виде суммы классических решений (полных напряжений) и сглаживающих, когезионных решений, для которых получены соответствующие выражения в терминах вспомогательных потенциалов. В случае изотропных и сильно ортотропных сред найдены явные формы когезионных решений в виде произведений радиальных множителей и комплексных степеней полуцелого индекса.
Получены несингулярные аналитические решения для напряжений для полубесконечных трещин моды I и II, ориентированных в направлении главных осей ортотропии. Приведены распределения напряжений у вершины трещины в зависимости от показателей анизотропии.
GELIAT WIRAUSAHA MUDA DALAM MELESTARIKAN KOPI LOKAL BALI
Authors: Medhiatika Ni Luh Made Vinaya
Published: March 2021

Indonesia memiliki beragam tradisi, termasuk tradisi minum kopi. Tradisi minum kopi ini menggerakkan para wirausaha, terutama wirausaha muda untuk merintis usaha kedai kopi. Geliat ini juga terjadi di pulau Bali, salah satunya adalah kedai kopi Bhineka Muda. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa wirausaha muda memiliki semangat yang luar biasa dalam melestarikan kopi asli Bali yang sudah ada sejak tahun 1935 sehingga tidak kalah dengan kopi merek Internasional. Peneliti melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan Pak Putu Gde Ary Wicahyana, penggerak revitalisasi kedai kopi Bhineka Djaja dan dibukanya kedai Bhineka Muda. Metode penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan dengan wawancara yang mengalir dengan pertanyaan tidak terstruktur mulai dari merek kopi, konsep kedai kopi, hingga sociopreneur. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa dalam memulai suatu usaha dibutuhkan inovasi dan kreatifitas layaknya konsep ekonomi kreatif yang kemudian ditumpahkan pada kedua kedai kopi tersebut, berbeda konsep namun dengan tujuan sama untuk melestarikan kopi Bali. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa Pak Ary terbukti memiliki ciri atau karakter dari seorang wirausahawan yang sukses. Beliau juga menantang dirinya untuk menjadi seorang wirausaha muda ekonomi kreatif berbasis budaya serta menjadi sociopreneur. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa wirausaha yang hebat tidak hanya memikirkan laba tetapi bisa menjadi sociopreneur atau wirausaha yang juga memberi dampak yang positif, terutama di bidang sosial dan lingkungan bagi para pemangku kepentingan di lingkungan usahanya.
Lo realista y lo abstracto: observaciones acerca del posible significado de algunos tocapus (t’uqapu) “figurativos”
Authors: Ziółkowski Mariusz
Published: March 2021

Sin resumen.
EFL Students in Speaking Skill: Identifying English Education Students’ Perceptions of the Psychological Problems in Speaking
Authors: Riadil Ikrar Genidal
Published: March 2021

This research focuses on students' English speaking problems, and this research aims to find out the most dominant problem of speaking in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) situation faced by the students of English Departement at Tidar University. The research method used in this research is the qualitative method. The writer uses a questionnaire as a tool for data collection. From the questionnaire, the problems that most dominant faced by the English education students of the English Department at Tidar University is Linguistic problems. Linguistic problems include less grammar, lack of vocabulary, and poor pronunciation. The next is psychological problems include, including lack of self-confidence, anxiety, and shyness. Meanwhile, instructor related problems did not have much effect on speaking problems for the students. In conclusion, Linguistic problems are the most dominant problem faced by the English education students of the English Department at Tidar University.