bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjectivité de la personne adulte autiste avec retard mental profond, prise en charge dans un établissement d’accueil médico-social
Authors: Desnos Yves , Gepner Bruno , Bellusso Perrine , Segond Hervé
Published: August 2019

Nous proposons un cadre théorico-clinique (développemental et systémique), centré sur les théories de l’énaction et de l’intersubjectivité, ainsi qu’une étude individualisée et contextualisée de la cognition des personnes autistes adultes avec déficience intellectuelle profonde, hébergées en structure d’accueil médico-sociale, n’ayant pas accès au langage. La subjectivité de ces personnes est appréhendée en complétant l’évaluation diagnostique par une investigation clinique et expérimentale de leur corporéité, selon certaines modifications préétablies des flux sensoriels et de la relation intersubjective en situation Snoezelen, objectivée à l’aide d’une grille d’observation structurée. L’illustration par un cas clinique souligne l’extrême sensibilité de ces personnes à leur environnement sensoriel et social, ainsi que leur grande vulnérabilité sur le plan de leur intégrité corporelle et psychique. Différents niveaux d’analyse sont proposés en faveur de leur bien-être.
Vers une nouvelle conception des faux souvenirs dans la dénommée « maladie d’Alzheimer »
Authors: Pringault Sarah
Published: August 2019

Dans un contexte de médicalisation de la vieillesse, les performances et déficits de la mémoire sont mesurés et la maladie d’Alzheimer est dépistée au moyen, notamment, d’évaluations neuropsychologiques. Cet article met en avant une focalisation sur les dysfonctionnements mnésiques et une pathologisation des troubles. Des travaux sur les faux souvenirs, dans des champs d’étude variés (psychologie cognitive, neuropsychologie et psychanalyse), soutiennent que la mémoire est infidèle par essence. À l’opposé de pratiques normatives, l’objectif de l’auteur est d’appuyer la nécessaire prise en considération de la subjectivité et de la singularité – propres à la nature humaine – dans l’étude des falsifications de souvenirs dans les démences. Il suppose qu’elles peuvent avoir une détermination psychique, mais aussi une fonction dans l’économie subjective.
Rhombus-Shaped Cross-Slot and Notched Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna
Authors: Varma Gaurav , Baudh Rishabh Kumar
Published: August 2019

The aim is to design a Rhombus microstrip patch antenna. The antenna operates at FL=1.447 GHz to FH=2.382 GHz frequency for wireless local area network (WLAN). This antenna operates at f=1.914 GHz resonant frequency. In microstrip patch antenna, many types of shapes like circular, triangular, rectangular, square, ring shape, etc. are used, but in this design a rectangular shape is used. In proposed antenna, the accuracy and efficiency are increased. Integral equation three-dimensional (3D) software (IE3D) is used for the optimize of the rhombus cross-slotted antenna design. The IE3D uses a full wave method of moment simulator. This antenna fabricated on FR4 glass epoxy double-sided copper dielectric material with relative permittivity of ∈ =4.4, thickness h= 1.60mm, and loss tangent is 0.013.
Missile Structured Wearable Antenna for Power Harvesting Application
Authors: Khare Bharat Bhushan , Bhoi Akash Kumar , Sharma Sanjeev , Lohia Akanksha
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, a single element of wearable antenna is designed, and further, to enhance the gain, a wearable rectenna array is designed that can be utilized for the purpose of energy harvesting at 3.14 GHz. The theoretical analysis of received power has been studied. The anticipated antenna array shows the directivity of 8.048 dBi that was used to calculate received power by antenna array at the distance of 10 meters from transmitter. This rectenna array can be used to operate the micro-electronic gadgets and to operate small sensors.
Academicians' Attitudes Towards Feasibility of Social Media in Public Administration Education
Authors: Solak Sevcan Güleç , Koç Hatice
Published: August 2019

The contemporary public administration faces new requirements caused by increasing role of the digital age. Future public administration practitioners need more advanced teaching tools as well as to improve the quality of teaching and learning methods figuring out predictable or unpredictable challenges. Social media have become commonplace and operate on a free service model; thus, it can be used in education to improve the interactivity of students and instructors such as online collaborative work, peer-to-peer instruction, and supporting participation. But it is commercially driven, and education isn't the main target. Thus, there are some serious issues of data privacy, confidence, and security. The instructors' attitudes are also important for using social media. Some instructors claim that social media improves student communication and motivation, whereas others claim that they may cause for the distraction from serious learning endeavors. This study aims to evaluate the academicians' attitude about social media using in public administration education at the university level in Turkey.
How Neoliberal Globalization Directs Higher Education
Authors: Bui Binh C. , Le Loan Phuong Thi
Published: August 2019

On the basis of the seminal paper presented at the International Conference on Taiwanese-Vietnamese Education in 2013, the authors further present how neoliberal globalization directs higher education. The purpose of the authors in this chapter is to critically analyze the complex interplay between neoliberal globalization and the employment prospects of graduates from universities and colleges. Revisiting the concept of relative advantage for division of labor, they delineated the neoliberal theory of globalization. Within this framework, they employed the Heckscher-Ohlin model and Stolper-Samuelson theorem to argue that if countries follow the relative advantage doctrine, the value of higher education will decrease in a developing country such as Vietnam. Neoliberal globalization therefore presents significant implications to the accumulation of human capital. If taking these implications seriously, individuals, higher education institutions, and policymakers can figure out better schemes to invest in higher education.
Systemic Approach to Quality Enhancement and Competitiveness in Higher Education
Authors: Dieguez Teresa
Published: August 2019

This study, based on interaction university-industry (IUI), aims to enhance competitiveness in higher education. Some critical factors were considered, namely Human Capital, Absorptive Capacity, Quality of Research, and Differences of cultures. Through a Systems Dynamics approach, it is perceived that low education and training in IUI origins decreases technological competence and absorptive capacity. It also creates distance between the actors, inhibits risk propensity, and does not accelerate the technology transfer, the economic growth, and the competitiveness. After a literature review, followed by a qualitative research with 25 companies already cooperating with HEI, the results show that improving Human Capital and Absorptive Capacity, as well as reducing the Differences of cultures between university and industry, accelerate economic growth and increase competitiveness and internationalization. Quality of life is improved and a more developed, prosperous, and sustainable society is built.
Development and Implementation of Integrated Quality Management Framework in Management Education
Authors: Ramakrishna Yanamandra , Sakkthivel A. M.
Published: August 2019

This chapter focuses on developing and implementing an integrated and inclusive quality management framework in Management Education considering possible future changes. The chapter reviews existing global management education, major global quality standards and practices of management education such as AACSB, AMBA, EFMD, etc., and several existing quality management frameworks and models in management education proposed by research scholars from different parts of the world. The study found the gaps that exist through analyses of different leading accreditation standards such as AACSB, AMBA, EFMD, etc. and provides an all-inclusive quality framework for management education bridging the gaps found and considering the future requirements. The new framework would enable higher education institutions offering management education to achieve internal excellence and enable them to work on accreditation for any global standards which they choose to use.
Enabling Training in Orthodontics Through Mobile Augmented Reality
Authors: Rao Gururajaprasad Kaggal Lakshmana , Iskandar Yulita Hanum P. , Mokhtar Norehan
Published: August 2019

Orthodontic education, which currently emphasizes a didactic and apprenticeship approach, is facing numerous pedagogical challenges that affect knowledge delivery and instruction. This chapter discusses the challenges and limiting factors that affect orthodontic training and proposes the use of mobile augmented reality (MAR) to create a platform for effective learning, visualization, deliberate practice, effective feedback, and a personalized learning environment. MAR, with its visually enriched clinical simulations and ubiquitous learning, can effectively reduce cognitive dissonance and improve overall retention and skill gain by students. However, MAR has its limitations, as the technology is still new and limited evidence is available to back up the claims of knowledge and skill gain in the health professional's education. This chapter also provides future directions for exploring and enabling MAR so that it can become an efficient tool for learning and instruction across all faculties of education.
Role of Information and Communication Technologies in Transforming Teaching and Learning Environments
Authors: Goyal Deepam , Goyal Nitika
Published: August 2019

No aspect of human life has remained untouched by information and communication technologies (ICT) at present. Various forms of media like radio, computers, televisions, computers, etc. keep on surrounding us right from the moment we wake up in the morning till we go to bed at night. The electronic media, which have become an inseparable part of our daily lives, fall under the umbrella of a single entity known as ICT. As the society has moved one step ahead from being information society to acquiring the status of knowledge society, the knowledge and use of ICT tools has become even more important. ICT has a deep impact on every sphere of human life and education is no exception. Use of information communication technologies has promoted drastic changes in work environment, transformed the ways of handling and exchanging information, and has an everlasting impact on teaching-learning pedagogy. This chapter presents the role of ICT transforming the teaching and learning environments. The limitation of ICT and the challenges in implementation have also been discussed.
Challenges Implementing Telemedicine at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP)
Authors: Gantz Christopher E. , Gefen David
Published: August 2019

This chapter discusses the challenges faced by one pediatric medical institution as it worked in partnership with a local school district to provide access to pediatric care through a telemedicine unit embedded in the nurse's office of the various schools within the district. The chapter touches on perceptions the community had about sharing sensitive personal health information in a school setting using mobile technology, fears related to immigration status, and operational issues encountered when deploying a new technology across multiple sites. Despite the challenges, potential benefits to the health and well-being of the community far outweighed the difficulties faced during these early days of telemedicine adoption.
Doctor-Patient Social Networking to Improve Specialist Care Coordination
Authors: Kagan Jeremy S.
Published: August 2019

Effective communication and coordination among medical doctors, specialists, and other caregivers could mean the difference between life and death for patients. This chapter presents a new digital health technology paradigm based on social networking that improves care coordination and communication among medical specialists. This technology integrates data across diagnostic modalities to simplify the process of accessing information, and reporting medical interpretations and treatment recommendations. This model can help care providers improve patient outcomes by facilitating initial risk stratification and remote consults with experts, thereby reducing admissions and readmissions, and making patient care more effective. Additionally, this technology can address the lack of specialists in underserved areas, and ease accessibility for aging populations.
Improving Marketing Strategies for Private Labels of Malvazija Istarska Wines
Authors: Peršurić Anita Silvana Ilak
Published: August 2019

The chapter represents the challenges of creating a new wine brand in Croatia based upon an autochthonous wine grape variety Malvazija Istarska. As a product, the wine has a long tradition of winegrowing and strong historical background. With novel technologies which create high quality wines with numerous positive attributes and current presence on national and international markets, there is strong evidence that branding could be the next step. The demand for Malvazija Istarska exists and consumers are aware of the attributes and quality. From the producer's point of view Malvazija Istarska should maintain its quality and positive image and geographic origin which warranties uniqueness. The brand should be distinctive from other similar products with distinctive and protected package and bottle design and size.
Novel management of glioma by molecular therapies, a review article
Authors: Alinezhad Amin , Jafari Fatemeh
Published: August 2019

The most frequent type of brain tumors is Glioma which commonly appears initially in the neuroglia in the central nervous system. They grow steadily and generally do not outspread to neighboring tissue of the brain. By applying dominant remedial regimens, the patients would have negligible survival rates. Despite the achieved advances in conventional glioma therapy, it proved that a proper medication for glioma is not easily reachable. The glioma penetration nature and accumulate resistance considerably limit the remedial options. Superior explanation of the glioma complex pathobiology and characterization of biological proteogenomic may finally open new approaches for the outlining of extra artificial and impressive combination regimens. This aim could be achieved by exclusively outfitting advanced techniques of neuroimaging, terminating synthesis of DNA via genes that activated via prodrugs, experimental technique of gene therapy via conciliating genes of gliomagenesis, targeting miRNA-mRNA activity of oncogenic, applying stem cell therapy for combining inhibitors of Hedgehog-Gli, adaptive transmission of chimeric immunoreceptors T cells, incorporate inhibitors of regulators of the immune system with conventional remedial modalities and additionally using tumor cell lysates as sources of antigen for efficient evacuation of particular stem cells of tumor via cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Consequently, in this study the authors trying to survey the latest progressions related to the molecular procedures connected with the formation of glial tumors in addition to the radiation, surgery and chemotherapy limitations. Additionally, the novel strategies of molecular remedies and their procedure for the prosperous treatment of glioma will be discussed.
’n Vraag ‘door de Christelijke predikanten uit Oost-Indië overgezonden’. Die Dordtse Sinode (1618–1619), die sending en die doop van kinders uit nie-Christelike ouers
Authors: Britz Rudolph M.
Published: August 2019

A question sent over by the Christian ministers from East-India: The Synod of Dordt (1618–1619), mission and the baptism of children born of non-Christian parents: It is well-known that the renowned Synod of Dordt (1618–1619) decided that children, born of non-Christian (ethnici) parents, but adopted into Christian house holdings in East-India, should not be baptised, unless foundational teaching in the Christian doctrine and confession of faith occurred. It was a decision of theological, ecclesiastical and historical consequence, also for the church in Africa. The decision was taken by a majority vote, since the issue divided the Synod. It gave effect to one of the most significant theological debates in the Synod. The article traces the dispute, with consideration of the differentiating views that arose among the delegates as it was recorded in the original acts of the Synod. The decision had after-effects and repercussions. It would be instrumental in shaping the character of the church in a non-Christian colonial context. The article indicates that the effects of the decision were not necessarily carried by the theology of mission, formulated in such an inspiring way by the Canons of Dordt.
Abstracts of papers
Authors: Authors Various
Published: August 2019

No abstract available
Étude du séchage naturel des sédiments du port de Dunkerque en vue de valorisations ultérieures
Authors: Boullosa Allariz Beatriz , Levacher Daniel , Müller Matheus
Published: August 2019

Dredging operations play an essential role in the economy, the environment and the development of a region. These operations generate large volumes of sediments that become waste when they are land managed. These high water content sediments pose problem for its transport and its reuse or storage. From the environmental and economic perspective, natural drying is the best dewatering method. In order to optimize this technique, this present study explains how to determine dewatering ability criteria by the use of laboratory tests. For that, dewatering test is performed on harbor sediments of Port of Dunkirk. Results are discussed and undrained shear strength versus liquidity index relation is proposed.

Les opérations de dragage engendrent d’importants volumes de sédiments qui deviennent des déchets dans leur gestion à terre. Du fait que ces sédiments ont de hautes teneurs en eau, ils posent des contraintes dans leur transport, dans leur valorisation et/ou leur stockage. Le séchage naturel présente une alternative économique et acceptable du point de vue environnemental. Afin d’optimiser cette technique de déshydratation, des critères d’aptitude au séchage naturel des sédiments sont déterminés à l’aide d’essais en laboratoire. Une synthèse des résultats issus de l’essai d’égouttage-séchage et de l’essai scissométrique, en utilisant des sédiments marins du Port de Dunkerque est présentée et la relation de la cohésion non drainée en fonction de l’indice de liquidité est discutée.
Auxiliary Two-Conductor Electrical Power Connector for Truck-Trailer High-Power Jumper Cable
Authors:   Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee
Published: August 2019

This SAE Standard provides the minimum requirements for high-power, two-conductor jumper cable plug and receptacle for truck-trailer jumper cable systems. It includes the test procedures, design, and performance requirements. This document covers receptacles rated 12 VDC nominal and at more than 30 A (amperes) up to and including 150 A, and is intended for a single circuit with one power conductor and one common return conductor. Single-conductor high-current connectors are not recommended for future designs because of inadequate ground return through fifth wheel/king pin. Cable size selection is to be made by the vehicle OEM for specific applications and the specific voltage drop requirements of those applications. This SAE Standard covers two variants of high-power two-conductor connections: a heavy duty version, with horizontally aligned pins, typically for lift-gate battery charging; and a medium duty version, with vertically aligned pins, typically for loads such as power tarpaulins.
Fiscal Decentralization and Efficiency of Regional Government in Croatia: A Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Hodžić Sabina , Hodžić Sabina
Published: August 2019

To determine the efficiency of regional and local government public functions, the most used method in the empirical analysis is data envelopment analysis. This paper reviews 20 counties as part of regional government units in Croatia as well as the relationship between efficiency scores and exogenous determinants in the 2009-2016 period. The results of our analysis show that, among exogenous determinants, only the annual registered unemployed rate and annual average wage for full time jobs are statistically significant.
From Top to Down or Central to Local: Transformation of the Neighborhood Units as a Policy Tool of Presidential System in Turkey
Authors: Sadioğlu Uğur , Ergönül Eser
Published: August 2019

In this study, neighborhood administration and mukhtarship which have grown in importance in recent years in Turkey are analyzed in light of the discussions on presidential system. President of the Republic paid great importance to the mukhtars during legislative efforts for presidential system and often hold meetings with the mukhtars. Discourses coming to forefront during these meetings imply the levels that mukhtarship and neighborhood administration will evolve. In this study, speeches of the President during meetings with mukhtars were subject to discourse analysis to draw conclusions. In addition, interviews were made with mukhtars from different provinces and the results of the research were supported by these findings. Mukhtarship can be regarded to have evolved as an important policy tool from top to down or central to local in Turkey which is on the edge of a new centralization process in particular.
Fiscal Decentralization in the Slovak Republic: Revenues and Expenditures
Authors: Cíbik Lukáš , Meluš Matúš
Published: August 2019

The aim of our article is to identify the development of the financial system of revenues and expenses of territorial self-government created by the application of fiscal decentralization in the conditions of the Slovak Republic during the period 2009-2018. This is based on the international methodology which divides revenue into five areas. The expenditure areas correspond to the classification according to the functional classification and are reported in relative terms. By dividing of Slovak territorial self-government into local and regional level, we will be able to break down the aggregate data reported in international statistics as well as nationwide values of the Slovak Republic. The result of our work is the assessment that local self-government has higher average tax revenues over the period under review, a lower dependence on central government, a wider range of competencies, and higher expenditures.
Do vegetal ao digital em Árvore, de Rui Torres
Authors: Pereira Vinícius Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Na contramão da invisibilidade que as plantas recebem usualmente nos discursos cotidianos e literários, Árvore, obra eletrônica de poesia generativa ideada por Rui Torres (2018), dá papel de destaque às espécies vegetais endêmicas da região norte de Portugal. Recombinando trechos de poemas canônicos lusitanos do século XX nos quais figuram imagens de plantas, o software mobiliza uma estrutura reticular intertextual para compor novos versos que revelam hibridizações de poemas e de espécies vegetais distintas, bem como uma aproximação entre os campos semânticos da botânica e da escrita. Para a análise de tal obra digital, o presente artigo se volta para a lógica subjacente ao funcionamento de Árvore e para alguns de seus possíveis produtos poéticos, adotando como lentes analíticas metáforas conceituais da esfera da vegetalidade, tais como ecossistema, memória vegetal, rizoma, enxertia e plagiotropismo. Por meio dessa investigação, evidencia-se a complexa trama intertextual inerente aos processos de geração poética de Árvore, os quais, a seu turno, postulam um procedimento de leitura que deve ser também rizomático, a meio do caminho entre o botânico e o digital.
Literatura árabe digital: atualidade, desafios, futuro
Authors: Younis Eman
Published: August 2019

A literatura digital não surgiu até que a forma de arte interagisse com a mídia durante a última metade do século XX. Pode-se dizer que a literatura digital surgiu antes do computador moderno, mas o fez através de outras mídias como rádio, televisão e cinema. A concepção contemporânea da literatura digital surgiu quando Tibor Papp apresentou sua primeira obra poética “The Computer’s Richest Hours” em dez telas em 1985. Este poema é considerado o primeiro trabalho digitalmente animado deste tipo, com o autor entrelaçando som, imagem, movimento, e interatividade. Nos Estados Unidos, Michael Joyce produziu o primeiro trabalho digital em termos narrativos em seu poema de 1987, " afternoon, a story ", usando o programa de computador Storyspace. Sua primeira aparição no mundo árabe foi o romance de 2001 da Jordânia Mohamad Sanajleh, Shadows of the One (Dhilāl al-Wāhid), que foi logo seguido por numerosas outras obras digitais de autores de várias nações. A literatura digital revigorou muito a cultura no Ocidente desde o início do século XXI e pode-se dizer o mesmo do mundo árabe também, embora a lacuna entre as duas culturas continue vasta em termos de inovação, teorização e crítica. Este estudo pretende lançar luz sobre o estado contemporâneo da literatura digital árabe em termos de criatividade e crítica, teoria e prática. Em seguida, ele se volta para os desafios que enfrenta, antes de examinar suas perspectivas nos próximos anos.
The Multilateral Aspects of Policies Affecting Capital Flows
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

The crisis is prompting a reconsideration of capital flows and the policies that affect them. A breakdown in the domestic stability of a large country can spill over into stress in other countries and even to the global system as a whole. The activities of global institutions and markets—some regulated and some not—can bear on the riskiness of flows. Thus, national policies affecting capital flows can transmit multilaterally. This transmission has not been fully appreciated by national policymakers. Further, they may not have incentives to take full account of the cross-border effects of their policies. Looking ahead, the upward trend in the volume of capital flows can be expected to continue, making it ever more important to address the associated cross-border risks.

This paper aims to draw greater attention to the multilateral aspects of policies affecting capital flows. Previous work by the Fund has focused on the policies of recipient countries, mainly emerging market economies (EMEs), and addressed the circumstances in which capital flow management measures (CFMs) would be appropriate. This paper provides a complementary assessment of regulatory and supervisory policies of advanced economies, as well as large advanced economy monetary policy. Moreover, it addresses the multilateral transmission of CFMs.
Group of Twenty - Measures Which are Both Macroprudential and Capital Flow Management Measures
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

The global financial crisis underscored the costs of systemic instability at both the national and global levels and highlighted the importance of dedicated macroprudential and capital flow management policies. The IMF has been assisting its members with policy advice as well as developing and making operational their policy frameworks. Multilateral aspects of both policies need to be fully considered, including the interaction with other domestic and international legal frameworks. To the extent that capital flows are the source of systemic financial sector risks, the tools used to address those risks can be seen as both capital flow management measures (CFMs) and macroprudential measures (MPMs).
Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust - 2016 Borrowing Agreements with Danmarks Nationalbank, the Norwegian Ministry of Finance Representing the Kingdom of Norway, and the Sveriges Riksbank
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

The Fund, as Trustee of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT or Trust),entered into an amendment of the 2010 borrowing agreement with Danmarks Nationalbank, and new borrowing agreements with the Norwegian Ministry of Finance representing the Kingdom of Norway and the Sveriges Riksbank (hereafter Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, respectively), by which the counterparties will provide new resources to the Loan Accounts of the PRGT in the total amount of SDR 1.1 billion (see attachments). The augmentation under the amendment and the two new agreements are the first three loan contributions to be concluded in the context of the current Board-endorsed effort to raise SDR 11 billion in new PRGT loan resources. These amendment and new agreements became effective on November 17, 2016.
Tax Policy, Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Risks to macroeconomic stability posed by excessive private leverage are significantly amplified by tax distortions. ‘Debt bias’ (tax provisions favoring finance by debt rather than equity) has increased leverage in both the household and corporate sectors, and is now widely recognized as a significant macroeconomic concern.

This paper presents new evidence of the extent of debt bias, including estimates for banks and non-bank financial institutions both before and after the global financial crisis. It presents policy options to alleviate debt bias, and assesses their effectiveness. The paper finds that thin capitalization rules restricting interest deductibility have only partially been able to address debt bias, but that an allowance for corporate equity has generally proved effective. The paper concludes that debt bias should feature prominently in countries’ tax reform plans in the coming years.
Zambia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Zambia’s development strategy has targeted a rapid scale-up of public investment to address infrastructure needs. This has resulted in large fiscal deficits, financed by nonconcessional debt and the accumulation of domestic arrears, adversely impacting the private sector. Recent efforts to adjust the fiscal stance have delivered some improvement in revenues, but deficits have continued to rise following faster-than-budgeted execution of foreign-financed capital spending. With the anticipated growth dividend yet to materialize, the debt burden has risen sharply, resulting in currency weakness and rising local borrowing costs that have further pushed up the interest bill. Reserve coverage has fallen to 1.7 months of imports.
IMF Managing Director's Statement to the Development Committee, April 2019
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

While growth in advanced economies is losing momentum amid trade tensions and policy uncertainty, activity in many emerging and low-income developing countries (EMDEs) has remained more robust, supported by still favorable financing conditions. Differences across EMDEs are large, however, and downside risks are building. Policy priorities include enhancing resilience in response to a more challenging global environment, creating fiscal space for essential development spending, containing debt vulnerabilities, and promoting strong and inclusive growth. Strengthening revenue generating capacity, enhancing public spending efficiency, and addressing infrastructure gaps are critical for reaching the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
Evaluating the relative importance of northern African mineral dust sources using remote sensing
Authors: Bakker Natalie L. , Drake Nick A. , Bristow Charlie S.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Northern African mineral dust provides the Amazon Basin with
essential nutrients during the boreal winter months, when the trajectory of the
Saharan dust plume is towards South America. This process, however, is still
poorly understood. There is little knowledge of where the dust is coming
from, and, thus, little information regarding the concentration of nutrients in the dust. This
information is vital to assess the impact it will have on the Amazon. In
order to further our understanding of the problem, this study analyses
northern African dust sources of the boreal winter dust seasons between the
years 2015 and 2017. It utilises high spatio-temporal resolution remote sensing
data from SEVIRI, MODIS, VIIRS, and Sentinel-2 to identify dust sources,
classify them according to a geomorphic dust source scheme, and quantify the
relative importance of source regions by calculating the total dust mass
they produce. Results indicate that palaeolakes emit the most dust, with the
Bodélé Depression as the single largest dust source region. However,
alluvial deposits also produce a substantial amount of dust. During the
boreal winter dust seasons of 2015–2017, ∼36 % of the total
dust mass emitted from northern Africa was associated with alluvial
deposits, yet this geomorphic category has been relatively understudied to
date. Furthermore, sand deposits were found to produce relatively little
dust, in contrast to the results of other recent studies.
Non-locality of the Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock: injection of thermal protons in a hybrid-Vlasov simulation
Authors: Battarbee Markus , Ganse Urs , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Turc Lucile , Brito Thiago , Grandin Maxime , Koskela Tuomas , Palmroth Minna
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We study the interaction of solar wind protons with the Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock using a hybrid-Vlasov simulation. We employ the high-fidelity global hybrid model Vlasiator to include effects due to bow shock curvature, tenuous upstream populations, and foreshock waves. We investigate the local uncertainty of the position of the quasi-parallel bow shock as a function of several plasma properties, and find that for a significant portion of time, the local bow shock position is challenging to define. Our results support the notion of upstream structures causing patchwork reconstruction of the quasi-parallel shock front in a non-uniform manner. We propose a novel method for spacecraft data to be used to analyze this quasi-parallel reformation. We combine our hybrid-Vlasov results with test-particle studies and show that shock non-locality appears to have little direct efficient on particle injection. We show that proton energization, which is required for injection, takes place throughout a larger shock transition zone. Non-local energization of particles is found regardless of the instantaneous non-locality of the shock front. Distortion of magnetic fields in front of and at the shock is shown to have a significant effect on proton injection. We additionally show that the density of suprathermal reflected particles upstream of the shock may not be a useful metric for the probability of injection at the shock, as foreshock dynamics and particle trapping appear to have a greater effect on energetic particle accumulation at a given position in space. Our results have significant implications for statistical and spacecraft studies of the shock injection problem.
What happens to fracture energy in brittle fracture? Revisiting the Griffith assumption
Authors: Davies Timothy R. H. , McSaveney Maurice J. , Reznichenko Natalya V.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Laboratory experiments involving unconfined compressive failure of
borosilicate glass cylinders quantified the elastic strain energy released
at failure and the size distribution of the resulting fragments. The data
were carefully assessed for potential inaccuracies in surface-area
calculation, the contribution of energy from the compression machine
relaxation during specimen failure, and possible variations in the
specific fracture energy of the specimens. The data showed that more new
surface area was created during the failures than would be possible if the
long-standing assumption, which is that all the energy involved in creating new rock
surface area in brittle material is taken up by the newly created surfaces
as surface potential energy and is not available to do further work, were
valid. We therefore conclude that the assumption is false. This conclusion
is supported by independent data from a previous investigation whose authors
did not pursue this particular application. Our result does not affect the
validity of Griffith fracture mechanics and is significant only when large
numbers of very fine fragments are created by brittle fracture, as in
rock-avalanche motion and earthquake rupture, and are identified in
particle-size distributions. In such situations our result is very
significant to understanding fracture energetics.
Adsorption to soils and biochemical characterization of purified phytases
Authors: Caffaro Maria Marta , Balestrasse Karina Beatriz , Rubio Gerardo
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Four purified phytases isolated from Aspergillus niger and Escherichia coli were characterized biochemically and in terms of their adsorption to soils belonging to the Mollisol order. Three different organic P substrates were used to measure enzyme activity in a wide range of pH (2.3 to 9) and temperatures (−10° to 70 °C): p-nitrophenyl-phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and phytic acid. Phytases from A. niger showed a higher capacity to release P (36 to 50 % of P contained in the substrates, 44 to 62 μg P), than phytases from E. coli (24 to 36 %, 20 to 44 μg P). The amount of P released from organic P substrates by A. niger phytases followed the following range: p-nitrophenyl-phosphate > glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate > phytic acid whereas in E. coli phytases the order was p-nitrophenyl-phosphate/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate > phytic acid. All phytases were active throughout the pH and temperature ranges for optimum crop production. The proportion of phytases found in the solid phase of the soil 60 minutes after addition was lower than that found in the liquid phase (23–34 % vs. 66–77 %). Obtained results are promising in terms of the use of phytases as a complement to P fertilization in agricultural settings and encourages further studies under field conditions.
Governança ambiental e percepção sobre processos participativos na Reserva Extrativista de Canavieiras, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Cardozo Leriane Silva , Alarcon Daniela Trigueirinho , Campiolo Sofia , Schiavetti Alexandre
Published: August 2019

Este estudo analisa os processos participativos no âmbito da Reserva Extrativista de Canavieiras (Resex), unidade de conservação de uso sustentável situada na zona costeira do sul da Bahia e pertencente ao bioma marinho. A Resex de Canavieiras foi criada em 2006 e possui histórico de conflitos sociais desde o processo de sua criação. Neste estudo, identificamos os processos participativos por meio da análise dos princípios da boa governança - Legitimidade e Voz, Direção, Desempenho, Prestação de Contas e Justica - e a percepção dos beneficiários sobre o processo de criação e gestão da Resex utilizando pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, com uso de técnicas de análise documental, observação não participante e entrevistas dirigidas aos membros do Conselho Deliberativo e pescadore(a)s da Resex. A análise dos dados se deu pelo Método de Análise de Conteúdo para os dados de governança, e frequência de opinião dos entrevistados para análise de percepção. Verificou-se que os princípios da boa governança estão presentes nas descrições formais e nas ações desenvolvidas pelo Conselho Deliberativo da Resex de Canavieiras, com maior incidência para Legitimidade e Voz e a Direção. A Associação Mãe dos Extrativistas da Reserva Extrativista de Canavieiras (Amex) influencia o processo de gestão da Unidade por meio da atuação dos conselheiros extrativistas. Com relação à percepção dos beneficiários, verificou-se que apenas 33% dos entrevistados afirmaram ter ouvido falar sobre Áreas Protegidas (AP), em contrapartida, 97% dos entrevistados afirmaram saber da existência da Resex, embora somente 3% compreendam seu significado. O estudo aponta que a área apresentava qualidade normativa característica de boa governança e que os beneficiários perceberam os benefícios trazidos durante o processo de implantação da área protegida.
Ciência, valores, conhecimento tradicional/indígena e diálogo de saberes
Authors: Lacey Hugh
Published: August 2019

Este artigo discute a possibilidade de um diálogo construtivo entre ciência moderna e saberes tradicionais/indígenas, inclusive os saberes dos Povos Tradicionais na América Latina. O argumento desenvolvido nele depende de interpretar a ciência em termos da pesquisa multiestratégica [P-MS]: utiliza a distinção entre estratégias descontextualizadoras (SDs) e estratégias sensíveis ao contexto (SCs) e as teses: as estratégias metodológicas adotadas para projetos de pesquisa podem variar com as características dos objetos da pesquisa; há relações de reforço mútuo entre a adoção duma estratégia e a aderência a valores éticos e sociais particulares; há limites nos tipos dos objetos que podem ser investigados sob uma estratégia; e as várias estratégias desempenham papeis complementares. A tese principal do artigo é que o diálogo construtivo entre a P-MS e os saberes tradicionais é possível na condição de que (a) o conhecimento obtido nos saberes tradicionais pode ser interpretado como tendo sido gerado sob variedades das SCs, cuja adoção tem relações de reforço mútuo com a aderência aos valores incorporados nos modos de vida e práticas dos grupos que fomentam os saberes; e/ou (b) a P-MS pode ser interpretada como consistindo num conjunto de saberes – cada um identificado por uma estratégia – que pertence a um conjunto maior dos saberes (cada um social, cultural e historicamente situado) que também contém os tradicionais, do qual todos os membros geram conhecimento com credenciais epistêmicas potencialmente comparáveis àqueles de investigações científicas conduzidas sob as SDs.
DIAGNÓSTICO DAS ÁRVORES PATRIMONIAIS DE SANTA MARIA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Matiello Jhonitan , Moreira Rovedder Ana Paula , Reckziegel Krissie , Granzotto Fabiane , Cervi Luiz Geraldo
Published: August 2019

O tombamento de árvores como patrimônio visa a proteção de indivíduos com importância histórica, cultural, ecológica ou científica. Objetivou-se analisar quali-quantitativamente o patrimônio vegetal tombado do município de Santa Maria-RS, e as alterações ao longo de 25 anos entre os únicos censos realizados, em 1989 e 2014. Analisaram-se número de indivíduos; origem das espécies; famílias botânicas; localização; ameaças; fenologia reprodutiva; dados dendrométricos e idade. O município tinha 106 árvores tombadas em 1989, com redução de 58,5% em 2014. Quanto à origem, espécies nativas regionais sofreram a maior redução (27%). Verificou-se a presença de duas espécies exóticas invasoras tombadas como árvores patrimoniais. As principais ameaças identificadas são pressão imobiliária, vandalismo e comprometimento da estrutura geral da árvore. Em média, 90% dos indivíduos se localizam em áreas privadas nos dois censos e, em 2014, 80% destes possuíam área livre ampla. Eventos fenológicos reprodutivos revelaram-se expressivos mesmo em condições adversas como fase senil dos indivíduos e ambiente urbano intensamente modificado. O patrimônio possui idade média de 61 anos, a última inclusão de indivíduos foi em 1983. Sugere-se a elaboração e aplicação de um plano de manejo, bem como a inclusão de novos indivíduos para dar sequência à existência do patrimônio.
Um estudo da história territorial de Campinas: a urbanização, a fome e a formação de um mercado de alimentação na cidade (1850-1908)
Authors: Cangiano Antipon Livia
Published: August 2019

A historia territorial da cidade de Campinas caracteriza-se por uma íntima ligação entre a fome, a proliferação dos estabelecimentos alimentares – normatizados e alternativos – e o processo contraditório de urbanização. Como forma de apreensão dessa articulação entre a multiplicação de lugares que vendem comida, o aumento da miséria na cidade e a sua urbanização, propomos discutir os diversos processos de transformação da urbe a serviço de uma elite e a maneira pela qual a população pobre campineira se organizou nos interstícios do tecido urbano para a garantia de suas sobrevivências.  Analisamos o interim entre 1850-1908, período no qual a cidade vive uma série de transformações urbanas que interferem e modificam as praticas alimentares realizadas na cidade. Revela-se a maneira pela qual os seus trabalhadores se organizavam em um cotidiano fortemente marcado pela fome – situação que se conserva até os dias atuais.
Biodiversidade, geopolítica e turismo na África Austral: uma análise centrada no grande parque transfronteiriço do Limpopo (África do Sul, Moçambique e Zimbabwe)
Authors: Sansolo Davis Gruber , Cruz Rita de Cassia Ariza
Published: August 2019

Centrando a análise no Grande Parque Transfronteiriço do Limpopo, localizado entre a África do Sul, Moçambique e Zimbabwe, este artigo discute a proteção da natureza e da biodiversidade especificamente como uma questão geopolítica. Para tanto, apoia-se em uma breve digressão histórica acerca do surgimento e do desenvolvimento de áreas protegidas no mundo e no continente africano, especificamente, até chegar à contemporaneidade, destacando a recente valorização do uso turístico dessas áreas. Contradições deste processo tal como a segregação socioespacial de populações autóctones, decorrente da implementação de áreas de  proteção ambiental, são  analisadas e compreendidas como uma forma de espoliação da população africana de suas terras, de seus territórios e de seus recursos naturais.   Além disso, discute-se, também, a realização de projetos transnacionais gestados em nações economicamente hegemónicas e por organismos supranacionais (como banco Mundial e ONGs ambientalistas), compreendidos como instrumentos geopolíticos e geoeconômicos de controle do território africano, dando-se ênfase ao Peace Park Foundation e a promoção do desenvolvimento do turismo a ela atrelada. Portanto, a pricnipal contribuição desses paper é a introdução a uma discussão sobre a importância das áreas protegidas no processo de produção do espaço, isto é, como a biodiversidade e o turismo são conteúdos que se impõe como verticalidades sobre o território, na forma de áreas protegidas
Student Dropout from Foundation Program at Modern College of Business & Science, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Raj Thumiki Venkat Ram
Published: August 2019

Main reasons for student dropout from higher education may be low academic performance, poor socialization skills, low confidence levels, busy social life and financial issues. As students’ dropout from higher education has been rising, there is a need to understand this problem for finding suitable solutions. Research objectives for this institutional research are to explore patterns in dropout data at Foundation program, establish criteria for identifying students at-risk of dropout and identify areas of improvement for reducing dropout rate, as the dropout problem is high at Foundation level of the college. Research methodology includes application of exploratory study based on analysis of secondary data pertaining to 22 semesters, Spring 2012 to Summer-I 2017. Findings revealed that 1966 students dropped out from Foundation program during the study period with an average of 94 students per semester. Dropout rate was higher among males and was more at Levels I and IV. Though dropout happened in Foundation, academic departments would also experience major loss, as Foundation is the ‘feeder program’ for other bachelor’s programs. It is recommended to have a dropout process flow-chart not only to understand the exit journey of dropping students, but also to reverse the journey. It is recommended to set up a dropout committee, design an early warning system for creating alerts and bifurcate Foundation department into Language sub-department and Technical sub-department (Math and IT courses). It is further recommended to have an effective data management system that would enable administration to reduce dropout rates and create a ‘feel good’ environment for the students.