bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Shortcut and Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification under Low Temperatures
Authors: Fu Jin Xiang , Zhang Xin Chun , Yu Peng Fei
Published: December 2012

This paper studies the impact of cooling and warming on shortcut and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification under low temperature. The results show that the effluent concentration of NH4+-N and TN gradually increased, the nitrite accumulation rate decreased when DO was 0.3~0.5 mg•L-1, sludge return ratio was 300%, PH was 7.5~8.5, temperature dropped from 15 °Cto 8°C. From 10°C to 8°C in cooling, the average nitrite accumulation rate was 58.17% in A (HRT=24h) reactor. During the system heating process, treatment effect of the system gradually changed for the better. From 12°C to 15°Cin heating process, the average nitrite accumulation rate was 74.39% in B (HRT=48h) reactor. The system treatment effect in B reactor was better by contrasting A and B reactors, therefore, we can increase HRT to reduce the adverse effects on the system due to the temperature decreases to enhance TN removal effect of system.
Assessment of Lake Sediments Properties and Contaminations Level
Authors: Nik Daud Nik Norsyahariati , Anuar Nur Safrah , Yusoff Zainuddin , Ahsan Amimul
Published: December 2012

Sediments are principal carriers of the trace elements in the hydrosphere. Properties of the sediment (such as grain size, specific surface area and pore volume) decide the concentration level of the pollutant contain in water. The properties of sediment differed in each lake according to the normal geological phenomenon and source of discharge wastewater. The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties and contamination level of the sediment collected from lakes in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Sediment samples are taken from three different lakes; Lake IT, Lake ENG and Lake PK. These locations are selected due to the type of wastewater has been discharged into the lakes which are from colleges and academic buildings. The sediments were tested in terms of physical, chemical properties and contaminant concentration (Pb, P and Cu). Using the contaminant concentration results; the sediment concentration level of the pollutant of each lakes were referred to the Consensus- Based Sediment Quality Guidelines (CBSQG-2003). The dominant grain sizes of the sediments were found in the range of silt/clay; with the size fraction in the range 12.74% to 12.83%. The specific surface areas of sediments were in the range of 16.3 to 22.5 m2/g with a pore size distribution in the range of 20 to 29 mm3/g. The chemical properties show that the pH values are in normal range; pH 7, TOC values in the range of 10.84 to 12.39% and salinity values in the range of 0.05 to 0.06 dS/m. The contaminant concentrations show that the main heavy metal presents in Lake IT, Lake ENG and Lake PK as Lead (Pb) with 0.033 mg/l, 0.036 mg/L and 0.038 mg/L, respectively. According to the CBSQG-2003, due to the concentration of Lead presents in lakes sediment in UPM area, the sediments were categorised as non-polluted.
Mechanism and Experimental Research on Treatment of Coal Chemical Wastewater by External Circular Anaerobic Reactor
Authors: Bao Hong Fu , Li Yi Wei , Zhao Yu Sen , Zhang Li Yan , Pan Yong Zhi
Published: December 2012

In view of the defects of existing much “dead area” and decreased effective volume causing by distributing water device of UASB reactor, a new-style of external circular(EC) reactor was developed in this research. In this paper, through laboratory scale and pilot scale study on the external circular anaerobic reactor to treat coal chemical wastewater, we conducted profoundly theoretic and testing analysis on external cyclone-flow distribution water device, the results reveal that the new-style anaerobic reactor can largely advance the mixture of granular sludge with wastewater, enhance the availability of reactor’s cubage, heighten mass-transfer efficiency between substrate and microbes, and avoid effectively the losing of granular sludge, further reduce the cost of disposing coal chemical wastewater, which had very important theoretical indication function and practical application value in the development of coal chemical wastewater treatment by anaerobic technology.
Research and Practice on BF Gas Dry Type Dedusting Technology at Contemporary Blast Furnace
Authors: Zhang Fu Ming
Published: December 2012

Blast furnace (BF) gas dry type bag filter desusting technology is an important technical innovation for energy saving, emission reducing and clean production for contemporary BF. It can reduce significantly the fresh water consumption during iron making process and reduce environmental pollution. It has become the development direction of contemporary BF iron making technology. The technical advantages and principle of BF gas dry bag filter dedusting are described in this paper, and the research and application on dry type bag filter dedusting technology of BF gas for 5500m3 BF at Shougang Jingtang (SGJT) are applied. The full dry type bag filter cleaning technology of gas self-developed has been applied successfully in 5500m3 BF, and standby wet type gas dedusting system has been cancelled. Several key technologies have been developed including gas temperature control, anti-corrosion of pipe, measuring of dust content in gas, dense phase pneumatic transportation of collected dust etc. The full dry type dedusting technology has reached internationally advanced level.
Study on the Performance of Modified UASB Process Treating Sewage
Authors: Zhang Su Juan , Liu Nai Rui , Zhang Cong Xiao
Published: December 2012

Added the anaerobic contact oxidation fill area on traditional UASB reactor,the imitation domestic sewage was treated by this modified UASB process on this paper. The COD removal was studied by regulated temperature,hydraulic retention time(HRT) and the influent concentration; The stability of this reactor was studied by regulated pH value of inflow and effluent.The results show that,when regulated the inflow pH value about 7.5,and effluent pH by maintainned about 6.8-7.2,so ensure that the reactor operation was stable;when T=45±5°C,the COD removal can reach 92.8%; when the HRT was 10h,the COD removal is 76.8%~92%;when the inflow concentration were 500mg/L,750mg/L,1000mg/L,the average COD removal are 65.68%, 75.58% and 83.05%.
Study on the Classification and Recycling Mode of Retired or Scrapped Equipment
Authors: Ni Ming Fang , Kang Lu Xi , Wang Zheng , Liu Shi Lun
Published: December 2012

Weaponry is an important component of national defence economy and even national economy, its construction and development are closely related to economic problems. Under the situation that the exhausting of natural resources and environmental pollution can't be ignored, the paper centred on the assortment problems of retired or scrapped equipment, classify the equipment from three aspects: special degree, recycle mode and combined classification. Analize the application range, advantages and disadvantages of Army Collect and Dispose mode, Manufacturers Collect and Dispose mode and The Third Party Collect and Dispose mode in detail. On the basis, research the match problems between different assortment and recycling mode of retired or scrapped equipment.
Outline of Research on Interactions between Microorganisms and Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste
Authors: Chen Xiao Ming , Zhu Jie , He Wei , Luo Xue Gang
Published: December 2012

At present, in the geological disposal domain of high-level radioactive waste, little is known about microorganisms in deep underground geological environment in our country. This paper introduces some interactions between microbiological and geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. There is a huge biosphere in the deep underground, mainly held by extremophiles. Microorganisms can influence the waste geological disposal environment in two aspects. On the one hand, the storehouse security will be confronted with serious problems of microorganisms because of their material corrosion capability. The main species of corrosion microorganisms include sulfate reducing bacteria, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, saprophytic bacteria, iron bacteria and fungi. About research development on interactions between microbiological and geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China and abroad, foreign countries started early. Specialized research field has been formed and many achievements has been made by a series of research in Sweden, US, France, Canada, and so on. But relevant study is very few in our country. Therefore, there are special necessity and urgency to carry out this research.
Assessment of the Effects of Combined Fe/C Microelectrolysis–Electro-Fenton on the Acrylonitrile Removal from Analogue Wastewater
Authors: Hu Ming Zhong , Shen Zhong Hao
Published: December 2012

In the present work, acrylonitrile removal from analogue wastewater was investigated using the combined Fe/C microelectrolysis–electro-Fenton. The optimization parameters such as ratio of Fe/C, pH value, the reaction time, the dose of H2O2, the voltage, and the stir time on the acrylonitrile removal efficiency were determined by measuring the percentage removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODcr) in the acrylonitrile analogue wastewater. In the Microelectrolysis section, the ratio of Fe/C was 1:1, the pH value was 3.0, and reaction time was 1h. In the electrolyzing Fenton, the optimal conditions of process parameters were the dose of H2O2 oxidant (5ml/L), the voltage (2.0 V), electrochemical reaction time (40min), and stir time (20min).Under the optimal conditions, the percentage removal of was 69% in first section and about 35% in the second section. Also, the dose of oxidant (H2O2) decreased from 11ml/L to 5ml/L compared with the using single active carbon method.
Technology Innovation of Used Automotive Electronic Control Components Recycling in China
Authors: Wang Jun Jun , Chen Ming
Published: December 2012

The unreasonable treatment of used automotive electronic control components can result in great damage to the environment and resource wastage. Therefore, there is an extremely urgent demand to develop a recycling program for these components. The Chinese scholars are developing the used automotive electronic control components recycling research. The recycling key technologies include: non-destructive high-efficiency dismantling and green clean technology, test technology and equipment, adjust technology, reliability testing techniques and quality assurance specifications. This study introduces the latest developments of these key technologies in accordance with China’s actual conditions, and then discusses the development direction.
Preparation of Expanded Graphite Using Recycling Graphite Rods by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Hua Hong Liang , Wang Yun , Wang Yu Jia , Ruan Shi Jun , Zeng Chao , Zhang Ting , Zhu Min Cong , Zhang Ying Chen , Li Deng Xin
Published: December 2012

After washing, milling and calcining, the graphite rods recycled from waste dry batteries were used as raw material to prepare expandable graphite by chemical oxidation (using acetic anhydride as inserting and potassium dichromate as oxidant), the expanded graphite was prepared from the obtained expandable graphite by microwave radiation (MW) at 1000W for 60s.The characterization of infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of obtained expanded graphite have been discussed. The results show that it is feasible to prepare expanded graphite using graphite rods recycled from waste dry batteries.
Study on Treatment of M-Cresol Wastewater Using Potassium Ferrate(VI)
Authors: Hu Ming Zhong , Shi Zhen He , Zhao Hong Yan
Published: December 2012

The effects of the oxidation of potassium ferrate and the flocculation on cresol wastewater water were evaluated. This research aimed at determining the optimum conditions for the COD removal rate duing cresol wastewater water process. The results showed that potassium ferrate dosage of 1.1g/L, the pH value of 5, reaction time 15min, m-cresol initial concentration of 200 mg/L were the optimum conditions. Under the optimum conditions, COD removal rate was over 67%.
Utilization of Coal Ash in China
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Tang Yue Gang
Published: December 2012

Coal ash belongs to a kind of mixed material like pozzolana, which is formed after the combustion of the pulverized coal at high temperature. China is the No. 1 coal production and use country all over the world, and the coal ash produced from burning coal accounts for about 30% of the total fire coal. How to use cumulative secondary resources well, reduce floor space and environmental pollution, create higher added value, and comprehensively utilization of coal ash obtains more and more attention from people. This article describes the composition nature of coal ash and comprehensive utilization status quo in construction, building materials, agriculture, environmental protection and chemical industry, and makes recommendations on the problems and development trend of coal ash in China.
Soil Washing and Bioremediation of Tailing Dam Wastes
Authors: Sun Li Mei , Wu Jiang , Meng Shuai Qi
Published: December 2012

The paper presents that soil washing and bioremediation technologies were employed to treat the contaminated soil. Various works were conduced in parallel with each other and th results of the laboratouy studies were used to determine critical parameters. Four lixiviants, i.e. sulphuric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid and ethylene diamine acetic acid were tests at three concentration levels respectively. The tests showed that the leaching of the heavy metals increases as the soil porosity increases. Silica sand was added to increase porosity of the contaminated soil. Hightest Mn removal was achieved mainly by sulphuric and oxalic acid at 0.001M at all soil samples. EDTA was significantly efficient in the removal of Ni and Zn. The recovery of heavy metals, particalarly Mn, decreased as the depth of samping increased. Heterogeneous bacteria and filamentous organism plate counts were conduced to evaluate the growth of the bacteria and filamentous organisms in the soil. The results from this study suggest that the leaching of heavy metals from the contaminated soil is to a large extent dependant on the pH of the leaching solution. By increasing the soil’s porosity and bioremediating the soil, higher extractions of metals were achieved.
Supervision and Significance on the Core Parameters for Steam and Water System in Supercritical Utility Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Lu Guo Hua , Lu Hai Wei , Su Wei , Wang Lei Jing , Zhu Zhi Ping
Published: December 2012

Several core parameters in supercritical thermal power plant were briefly outlined, which had the significance in safe and economic operation. The influence and damage of Cl-, SO42- in steam and water system were discussed, and the mathematical relationship between the cation conductivity and the concentration of Cl-, SO42- was described in room temperature. Meanwhile, the iron transport and deposition in steam and water system was analyzed, according to iron oxide solubility at different temperature and pressure.
Design of Data Collection System on Flow Velocity Collection in Small Hydropower Stations
Authors: Zeng Xuan , Zhao Zhi Ying
Published: December 2012

This paper introduces a miniature intelligent velocity collection instrument, the apparatus makes 89C52 as CPU of the dry reed pipe type flow meter or contact wire type flow meter to collect flow velocity, at the same time, it is as the velocity distal of data collection system in small hydropower stations to serve.
The Raw Water System Combinatorial Optimization Research Based on Arsenic Control
Authors: Zhu Chun Feng , Li Hong Wei , Dong Shen , Liu Jie
Published: December 2012

Considering the characteristics of raw water quality and multi-water supply pump station of the raw water system, optimum combination water supply model based on the water quality guarantee are presented. Groundwater supply network topology structure is established. Then, the optimal solutions of the model are obtained, using MATLAB and artificial intelligent optimization technique. The arsenic pollutants in demonstration area are under controlled and the raw water system operation efficiency is enhanced, meeting the water quantity and water pressure at the same time. We put forward a new angle, for composite water quality raw water system optimization modeling.
Study on the Cooling Water Systems with Multiple Cooling Water Supplies
Authors: Guo Yong , Liu Zhi Yong
Published: December 2012

Water pinch technology is a process integration technology used for enterprises water system optimization, in order to improve the water reuse rate. Application of water pinch point technology to the whole system analysis and design, to establish a feasible performance index, and then determine the detailed process of design and transformation to achieve the predetermined target performance. This paper presents a technique for simultaneous targeting and design in cooling water systems comprising of at least two cooling towers and several cooling water using operations. Through comprehensive analysis on the cooling water systems with multiple cooling water supplies, determine the corresponding heat transfer process to the cooling tower, obtained better results than literature.
Modeling and Simulation of Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Generator
Authors: Nie Hong Zhan , Zhang Ming , Shen Hong
Published: December 2012

This paper focuses on the oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy generator. An overall mathematical model is established comprising of the wave energy capture, drive system, permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG), vector control, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and low voltage ride through (LVRT) control. With this mathematical model, an OWC wave energy generator based on PMSG simulation model is set up in Matlab/Simulink environment. A simulation analysis of the model is carried out which is connected to the grid under the condition of wave changes and power system faults. The simulation facilitates the MPPT and the decoupling control of power for OWC wave energy generator. Results show that the system with back-to- back PWM converter operates in a satisfying way and the model established works correctly and effectively.
Identification of Grader Radiated Noise Source Based on Partial Coherence Analysis
Authors: Geng Yan Bo , Han Zi Yong , Wei Zhe Lei , Zhou Dao Liang , Zhang Zhan Wen
Published: December 2012

Partial coherence analysis can eliminate competing influences of different noise sources and identify the main noise source when all noise sources of system are relevant. In the paper, the method of partial coherence analysis is used for identifying noise source of grader. A multi-input and multi-output noise source identification model is established. And then the computational formula is developed. Finally, an experiment is carried out with an actual grader. In the experiment the main noise sources are accurately identified.
Analysis of Damping Performance for Cabin Deck Covered with Floating Floor Coverings
Authors: Liang Bing Nan , Yu Hong Liang , Song Yu Chao
Published: December 2012

Floating floor coverings are widely applied in ship structures. With regard to the laminated composite shells made up of floating floor coverings and cabin deck and based on ANSYS system, a dynamics analysis on structures of three different kinds of floating floors is performed using FEM built upon laminated shell elements. The influence of rockwool board in terms of thickness, density and elastic modulus on structure dynamic characteristics is discussed. The performances of vibration control of three different floating floor structures are compared. The FEM performs well in analyzing and calculating the vibration control characteristics of structures, the results of which offer certain reference to the design and research on cabin deck covered with floating floor coverings.
Comprehensive Information Management System for Cleaner Production
Authors: Zhang Qiu Gen
Published: December 2012

It is important measurement to design comprehensive information management system for cleaner production that can afford cleaner production techniques sever system for social. The comprehensive system will be designed and developed from cleaner production information systems and cleaner production management system. The content of this system was introduced which include systems management, information management and evaluation management. The composition of this system was described which include information input and output modules, information database module and information network module. The operation and development environmental conditions of this system were put forward from hardware and software configurations. The system will play an important roll to rapidly promote cleaner production development
Technology to Control PCDD/Fs from MSW Incineration Processes
Authors: Ma Xiao Cheng , Zeng Xian Ping , Liu Jian Tao , You Kun Kun , Ren Jian Xing
Published: December 2012

At present the dioxin problem caused by MSW(Municipal solid waste) incineration has become the point problem of the development of application. According to the formation mechanisms of dioxins in the process of MSW incineration prevention measure may divide into the combustion, the combustion before and burn the latter three broad headings prevention measure which produced the PCDD/Fs after burning area mainly include in the haze, the flying ash the PCDD/Fs removing and prevents some measures which PCDD/Fs produces. Finally this paper proposed several measures in control and purification dioxins technology.
The Effect of Magnesium Ions on the Hydrogen-Producing Bacteria in the Water during the Ecological Restoration Process
Authors: Feng Yao , Li Guang Hao , Mei Hong Yuan , Zhang Lu Si
Published: December 2012

Hydrogen-producing zymogenous bacteria YUAN-3 (Ethanoligenens harbinense) is used as the study object, on which the intermittent hydrogen production test is applied to examine the influence of Magnesium ions concentration on the growth and gas generation of YUAN-3. Research results show that when Magnesium ions concentration is 0.3g/L, volatile acid reaches the maximum level; when Magnesium ions concentration is maintained at 0.3g/L, the unit volume production of hydrogen reaches at 256mlH2/L，culture medium is applicable for hydrogen generation of YUAN-3.
Estimating the Ocean Surface Drag Coefficient Based on the Least Squares Method
Authors: Ding Hui , Dong Jun Yu , Wang Hui , Zeng Jing , Wu Jian
Published: December 2012

The aquaculture of the marine organism affects the flow of the sea to a certain extent. Thus, it also affects the water exchange rate and reduces the supplementary of nutrition salt, which accordingly restricts the growth of marine organisms to some extent. Therefore, studying the seawater resistance produced by the marine organisms in the sea has a practical significance. However, the drag coefficient of the seawater resistance produced by the marine organisms is unknown. The least squares method is a mathematical optimization technique to minimize the square of the error and find the best function matching with a set of data. That is, using an easiest way to obtain the absolutely unknowable true value which makes the error sum of squares minimum. In this paper, we used the least squares method to fit the drag coefficient of the seawater resistance in the ocean model POM to estimate its true value, and then with the coefficient we can determine the exact value of the seawater resistance.
Estimation of the Groundwater Exploitation Based on Land Subsidence Numerical Model: a Case Study in the Plain Area of Tianjin
Authors: Su Chen , Cui Ya Li , Wang Li Chun , Li Ling
Published: December 2012

Historical data about withdrawal of regional groundwater serves as a foundation for better evaluating and scientifically managing the groundwater resource. However, due to limitations of management system and workload etc., statistical data shows that groundwater exploitation is much less than what we expect in fact. In this study, we take the plain area of Tianjin as an example, the historical dataset on groundwater withdrawal is estimated reversely based on the coupled numerical model-groundwater flow and land subsidence via Modflow2005. Specifically, pumping rate serving as an input in the model is continuously modified until the numerical head distribution simulates observed value at every county in a specific period. Nonetheless, the pumping rate is also constrained by the value estimated by statistical method and quota method. Finally, the mean annual value of groundwater exploitation during 1998 to 2008 is estimated to be 8.35×108m3/a.
Analysis of the Eco-Hydrology Evolution of Huaihe River of Bengbu Segment
Authors: He Ting , Wang Fang
Published: December 2012

This Study Takes Bengbu Segment as an Example, Analyzes the Aquatic Organisms Evolution, Rainfall Process, Runoff Process, Water Quality, and Points Out their Interrelations and Interaction Process. the Reduction of Aquatic Organism Is Mainly Affected by Channel Morphology, Runoff Cyclical, Water Quality, and their Ecosystem Structure at the same Time. Aquatic Organisms Evolution Has the same Trend as the Cyclical Variations of Rainfall and Runoff.
Fluorescence Titration of Loosely Bound Extracellular Polymeric Substances with Cu (II) from Hongfeng Lake Sediment
Authors: Li Juan , Long Jian , Kang Fu Xing
Published: December 2012

In order to understand the micro-interfacial relationship between environmental copper ions and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), a fluorescence titration of LB-EPS from the Hongfeng lake sediment by Cu (Ⅱ) was studied. Results showed that Cu (Ⅱ) could debase the fluorescence intensity (FI) of LB-EPS. Titration of LB-EPS by Cu (Ⅱ) at pH values of 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 9.0 demonstrated an obvious variety of wavelength spectra. The FI of LB-EPS reacting with Cu (Ⅱ) (2.5×10-4M), with the increase of pH values, decreased, which was attributed to more conjunct capacity of the fluorophore with Cu (Ⅱ) in alkaline conditions. At low or middle pH, the quenching of LB-EPS by Cu (Ⅱ) was attributed to the complex quenching triggered by ligand processes; and in the high pH the cause of quenching was not only linked to complex quenching, but also related to collision quenching.
The Treatment on High Fluoride Groundwater
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Shu Cai , Yang Xue Ying
Published: December 2012

A method for analyzing high fluoride groundwater in chemical ground was developed in this paper. The types of the fluoride's environmental areas in groundwater were divided into 5 types. Based on the analysis, two treatment methods for high fluoride area of groundwater, i.e., sources control and change the chemical field, were developed.
Development on Environmental Geotechnology for Overhead Transmission Line Foundation Engineering in China
Authors: Lu Xian Long , Qian Zeng Zhen
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the concept and the fundamental issues and the development on the environmental geotechnology in transmission lines foundation engineering. Namely, environmental geotechnology and theory is to study the restriction effects of environment on the transmission line routes, foundation selection and reliability, to predict the results of transmission line foundation construction on the environment, and to study on countermeasures of environmental protection in transmission foundation engineering. And then, from the above three aspects, the design method combined strength and displacement for tower foundation, the selection on foundation types and technical scheme for transmission line tower, and the countermeasures for soil and water conservation, the author introduces the development and practice of environmental geotechnology for transmission lines foundation engineering in China.
New Analytical Equations for Evaluating Intrusion Rate of Contaminant Soil Vapor into Buildings from Double Soil Systems
Authors: Zheng Fan Dong , Li Bing Hua , Cui Xue Hui
Published: December 2012

It is difficult for Johnson and Ettinger model to predict the intrusion rate of organic vapor from double soil systems into buildings. Here new analytical equations were derived, which were different from those of Johnson and Ettinger model. These new equations were verified by Eclipse 2003a, and the results indicated that new equations were valid.
Ammonium Adsorption on Albic Black Soil under the Influence of Fe2+ in Irrigation Water
Authors: Chen Yi Ting , Cheng Hong Guang , Pu Xiao , Lin Chen Ye
Published: December 2012

The surface water of Sanjiang Plain generally contained 0.04 to 2.50 mg L-1 of dissolved Fe ion, while the groundwater contained 0.03 to 21.00 mg L-1, which is relative high in comparison with other regions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dissolved Fe in the irrigation water on the adsorption of ammonium. Soil samples were collected from topsoil of a paddy field. Fe2+concentration in either surface water (0.70 mg L-1) or groundwater (15.0 mg L-1) were simulated to employ batch experiments in lab. The results show that when Fe2+ concentration was 0.70 mg L-1, it might slightly increase ammonium adsorption on the albic black soil. However, when Fe2+ concentration increased to 15.0 mg L-1, it may increase or decrease ammonium adsorption on the albic albic black soil, depending on ammonium concentration in the soil solution. In details, ammonium adsorption capacity decreased when ammonium concentration is less than 30.77 mg L-1, while increased when it’s more than 30.77mg L-1. Long-term irrigated soils with groundwater might increase content of iron oxides in the paddy soils and thus increase ammonium adsorption capacity. However, Fe2+ in the irrigating water might also lead to desorption and leaching of ammonium in each flooding event.
Effect of Simulated Acid Rain and Rare Earth Contamination on Soil Enzyme Activities in Rare Earth Ming Area, South Jiangxi, China
Authors: Wen Xiao Jun , Duan Chang Qun , Zhang Da Chao
Published: December 2012

This study focus on the influence of acid rain, single and combined contamination of La and Ce, rare earth leachate of tailings on urease and catalase activities with the methods of leaching experiment and indoor thermostatic incubation. The results indicated that acid rain and rare earth contamination caused the change of soil enzyme activities. The change of urease activity accorded with hormesis effect of rare earth; at the preliminary stage of incubation, urease activity began to heighten and reached maximum value at 10th day; after being incubated for 15 days, urease activity initiated to reduce remarkably, and continued to 30th day. Accordingly, catalase activity was inhibited, then promoted slightly, the minimum value appeared in different time incubated by different solution: 15th day (La, Ce), 10th day(La + Ce), 5th day (rare earth leachate).
Priority Areas Mapping for Controlling Soil Erosion in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area
Authors: Wang Li Hui , Huang Jin Liang , Du Yun , Hu Yan Xia , Han Peng Peng , Wang Jiu Ling
Published: December 2012

Danjiangkou reservoir area is the main water source area and submerged area of the Middle Route South-to-North Water Transfer Project of China. Soil erosion is a significant influence factor in reservoir water quality and water transfer project success. The objective of this paper is to assess the soil erosion risk and mapping priority areas for controlling soil erosion of Danjiangkou reservoir area. The results indicated that the top three conservation priority levels cover almost all regions with severe erosion and prominent increase in erosion risk, with a total acreage of 3,531.543km2, accounting for 19.703% of the study area. These three levels to be managed as erosion control regions with appropriate conservation strategies in future projects. The study results will provide guidance in developing and implementing water conservation planning and to assist government agencies in decision-making for determining erosion control area, starting regulation project and making soil conservation measures.
Characteristics of Reference Evapotranspiration of Wetland Based on Penman-Monteith and Hargreaves Methods
Authors: Li Xiang Hu , Zhang Qi , Li Yun Liang
Published: December 2012

Evapotranspiration (ET) constitutes the dominant water loss from many different types of wetlands. The relative importance of ET is apparent in its influence over water depth, temperature and salinity. However, direct measurement of ET, especially for wetland, is difficult, costly, and rarely available. In this study, the Penman-Monteith model was selected to estimate the reference evapotranspiration for short and tall canopies, moreover, Hargreaves equation was also used to simulate the ETref and test the precision of Penman-Monteith method. The results show that the reference evapotranspiration are maximal between June and August and minimal in winter, and ETrs is larger than ETos in the whole simulation periods. H ET0 and ETos have the same variation trend, but the former was smaller than the latter during May to September. Finally, there is a strong correlation between ETos and ETrs, with the correlation coefficient are 0.98 and 0.99 at daily and monthly means scale.
Distribution of Cadmium in Aloe Vera and its Hazard Impact on the Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Cai Zhuo , He Xiao Liang , Lu Deng Feng , Qiu Xia Lin , Yue Wei Chao
Published: December 2012

The variation of antioxidant activity of aloe vera under the stress of cadmium with different concentration was studied. The scavenging capacity of potted aloe vera to •OH and O2- • was determined and the effects of cadmium pollution on the antioxidant activity of aloe vera were evaluated using flow injection chemiluminescence methods.The results showed that, at low cadmium pollution level, the antioxidant activity of aloe vera increased with the increase of cadmium content in aloe vera body; while at high cadmium pollution level, the antioxidant activity of aloe vera decreased with the increase of cadmium content. This indicated that low cadmium could stimulate the self-protection system of aloe vera, resulting in a increase in the antioxidant activity. high cadmium would damage aloe self-defendend system, leading to the decrease in antioxidant activity.
Investigation of Soil Heavy Metal in Zhehai Town Huize County Yunnan Based on GIS- Approach and Geostatistics
Authors: Shi Kun , Li Dong Sheng , Zhao Bi Yun
Published: December 2012

1144 sample points were collected using PXRF from an area of 99 square kilometers soil area Zhehai town Huizhe county of Yunnan province to acquire their concentrations and possible sources, and characterize their spatial variability for risk assessment. SPSS16.0 was used to deal the raw date and eliminate the outfits and perform Multivariate analysis (correlation matrix, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis). It discriminate distinct groups of heavy metals. From the Range of the semi-variorum models, it obtained elements spatial structure and the contamination resource caused mainly by natural resource or anthropogenic activities. The result of risk assessment attained the percentage of pollution accounts for whole investigate region, which provides the reference to deal with the soil pollution.
Study on the Bioavailability of Soil Heavy Metal
Authors: Zhao Xiao Guang , Huang Wen Yu , Yao Le
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzes the bioavailability of soil heavy metal with morphology, geochemical facies, activity coefficient, migration coefficient, metastasis coefficient of soil heavy metal in the Puyu village, Huayin city. The research results show that: firstly, physiochemical properties of soil (include moisture content, available P, available K, total N, soil texture and so on) are key influencing factors for heavy metal activity, and correlation between total content and various morphology content of heavy metal too; secondly, antagonism and synergism are discovered among various heavy metal; thirdly, the correlation between the total content of heavy metal and physiochemical properties of soil such as PH value, moisture content, available P, available K, total N, soil texture is significant.
The Problems and Countermeasures of Port Clusters in China
Authors: Li Yan Zhe
Published: December 2012

The paper introduces the port cluster's concept and the main five port clusters of China, including Bohai Bay, Yangtze River Delta, Southeast ports, the Pearl River Delta and Southwest port clusters. And then the problems of China’s port clusters are discussed. Disorderly competition between and within the port clusters is gradually strengthened, and the port position and division is not clear. The government lacks coordination. Finally, to sovle these problems this paper presents a series of development countermeasures. For example, give full play to the planning and coordination role of the Government; Carry out different management according to the respective advantages of the port; Set up the Port alliances; Strengthen the port financing and establish a public information platform, etc.
Study on the Concept of Ecological Environmental Protection Manifested in Taoist Culture
Authors: Li Dong , Zhang Cui Rong
Published: December 2012

As the Taoist culture contains extremely abundant thoughts about ecological protection, this paper is intended to discuss the thoughts of ecological protection manifested in Taoist culture only from the universe philosophy view of “the law of the Tao is its being what it is”, the life care view of “attaching importance to life and cherishing life”, the ecological balance view of “nature, earth & human beings living in peace with each other”, the harmonious universe view of “nature & human being in harmony”. The discussion expects to enlighten human beings to absorb valuable ecological wisdom from Taoist thoughts about ecological protection and accomplish their transformation and recreation in modern sense.
Effect of Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Technique Application on Economic Performance and Emission Reduction in Swine Farm in Beijing China
Authors: Wang Mei Zhi , Liu Ji Jun , Wu Zhong Hong , Chen Zhao Hui , Tian Jian Hui
Published: December 2012

To find low carbon heating measures in swine farms in Beijing China, A study of swine houses with area of 920 m2in swine farms in Beijing China was conducted and economic performance, emission reduction of ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) heating system, coal fired heating system and other heating systems were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the initial investment of ground-coupled heat pump system was more than that of the coal fired heating system, the relative running cost of the heating systems of ground-coupled heat pump, coal fired, electricity resistance and natural gas was 0.86, 1.00, 3.17 and 1.22, respectively. CO2avoidances of GCHP heating systems were 57% and 73%, respectively, compared with conventional coal fired heating system and electricity resistance heating.
Changes in the Growth, Physiology and Biochemistry of Alexandrium tamarense under Ulva pertusa Kjellman Stress and UV-B Radiation
Authors: Cai Heng Jiang , Liu Chang Fa , Wei Hai Feng
Published: December 2012

Effects of Ulva pertusa Kjellman stress and UV-B radiation on the growth, physiology and biochemistry of Alexandrium tamarense were studied under laboratory conditions. The results demonstrated that U. pertusa stress and UV-B radiation could inhibit the growth of A. tamarense. Physiology and biochemistry of A. tamarense could be affected under U. pertusa stress and UV-B radiation treatment. U. pertusa stress caused the increase in SOD activity and decrease in H2O2 content. As for UV-B radiation, Chl-a content and soluble content were decreased, while H2O2 content, MDA content and SOD activity were increased. With regard to the combined effects of U. pertusa stress and UV-B radiation, Chl-a content and soluble content were decreased, while MDA content and SOD activity were increased. Compared with UV-B radiation, the combined effects of U. pertusa stress and UV-B radiation treatment on the growth, physiological and biochemical were indiscernible.
Study on Nano-TiO2 Film Prepared by Hydrothermal Method in Toluene-Hydrochloric Acid-Water System
Authors: Zeng Xian Guang , Zhuang Jia , Gong Min , Zheng Xing Wen , Li Ming Tian
Published: December 2012

A new hydrothermal method was introduced to prepare TiO2 films. The films were prepared by using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor, toluene as solvent and hydrochloric acid as the inhibitor via a facile hydrothermal method. XRD, SEM, AFM, and TG-DSC were used to characterize phase structure and morphology of TiO2 thin films. XRD analysis showed that crystal phase of as- prepared films were anatase entirely,and its average size was 9 nm. AFM and SEM analysis indicated that films had nanocrystallines,and it was homogenous,dense and crack- free. Photocatalytic properties of TiO2 film were estimated by degradation of methylene blue . The result shows that the degradation rate of 40mL methylene blue solution with initial concentration 10 mg/L reaches to 52.8 % after irradiated for 120 min under 35W ultraviolet lamp ,and as-prepared TiO2 film has better photocatalytic property.
Community Residents’ Eco-Environment Protection Awareness in the Jiajin Mountains Giant Panda Sanctuary
Authors: Ma Yue Wei , Zhao Yong Tao , Gong He De
Published: December 2012

The public eco-environmental protection awareness is a reflection of social morals standard and an important symbol of modern civilization. It is an important strategic measure to enhance the entire national eco-environmental protection awareness for eco-environmental protection in China. Understand the level of community residences’ eco-environmental awareness can provide the scientific basis and background to carry out good eco-environmental education.This paper utilized the method of questionnaire to investigate community residences’ eco-environmental protection awareness in the Jiajin Mountains Giant Panda Sanctuary. It analyzed the problems existed in the eco-environmental protection awareness of community residence in the Jiajin Mountains Giant Panda Sanctuary and found out the cause of the problem. The results showed that the knowledge awareness for environmental protection, the level of awareness of the eco-environmental concerns, the awareness of participating in eco-environmental protection and the eco-environmental behavior is high. The majority of community residences are lack of the ecology environmental protection laws knowledge. And the government and community are lack of propaganda about the eco-environment protection knowledge and policies. Finally, several measurements for improving community residences’ eco-environmental protection awareness level were proposed to protect the eco-environment.
Impact of Latitude, Longitude and Altitude on Representative Forests’ Distribution in China
Authors: Xu Hai Bao , Zhang Hua Yong , Xu Xiang
Published: December 2012

This study investigated the latitudinal, longitudinal and altitudinal distribution of 6 kinds of representative forests in China: Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Castanopsis eyrei forests are distributed in subtropical region; Quercus liaotungensis, Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana are eurychoric species, which are mainly distributed in temperate and warm temperate zone. Significant correlation between the horizontal zonality and forests are only observed for the 3 widely distributed forests, the reason could be the limit of heat and moisture. There’s no clear correlation between the 3 subtropical forests and horizontal zonality, for our data’s geographic locations and human’s impacts.
Research on Ecological Function and Value of Song Shan Forest Park
Authors: Yu Hang , Tao Lei , Bai Jing Feng
Published: December 2012

Song Shan forest park, one of the most valuable forest park in China, possesses a particular natural resource. It causes more and more attention of tourists now. Natural resources and the humanities environment should be fully utilized in its exploitation, for maintaining long-term stability of the forest park. In this paper sustainable development was used as the target, ecology principle was taken as the standard. By calculating three contents of environmental capacity for tourism, forest resources value and ecological footprint in the forest park, the ecological function of Song Shan forest park was analyzed systematically. Based on the problem existed currently, some suggestions and measures have been given to its sustainable development.
Study on Cutting Propagation Technology with Full Illumination Spray of Superior Clones of Magnolia officinalis Subsp. biloba
Authors: Ma Ying Zi , Song Qing An , Song Rong , Wang Zhi Yi , Wang Xiao Ming , Jiang Li Juan
Published: December 2012

In order to improve the survival rate of cutting propagation of Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba (Rehd,et Wils.) Law. and speed up the application of its superior clones, the research studied on cutting experiment of the superior clones. The semi-wood branches were processed with different types of hormones, different concentrations, different soaking time and different mediums. Through singer-factor experiments，better impact factors were selected in the research, then designing orthogonal test, in order to obtain the optimum cutting formula. The results showed that: immersed in the solution of KIBA with concentration of 1000 mg•L-1 for 30min, in late August or early September, with the medium of peat soil: perlite: yellow sand (1:1:1) was the best formula, and the rooting rate was up to 94.4% in 90d.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Phenolics from Litchi Seed by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Huang Xiao Bing , Lin Li Jing , Li Ji Hua , Ran Xu , Tang Yong Fu
Published: December 2012

Optimization conditions for ultrasonic extraction of phenolics from litchi seed were studied using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to determine the effects of extraction temperature, methanol concentration and extraction time on yield of phenolics. Then a quadratic regression model was developed and found to be statistically significant by examining its adequacy. According to the model, the maximum yield of phenolics was obtained at the theoretical extraction conditions described as follows: extraction temperature 90°C, methanol concentration 59% and extraction time 70 min. Under this condition, the experimental value was 5.48 ± 0.03% (n = 3) with gallic acid as the equivalent, which agreed with the predicted value (5.52%) closely.
Chitosan as a Thickener for Direct Printing of Natural Dye on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Choomchit Jiraporn , Suesat Jantip , Porntip Sae Be
Published: December 2012

Development of chitosan as a thickener for direct printing of natural dye on cotton fabric was investigated. Chitosan was applied as a thickener at various concentrations and its effect on the print properties was determined in comparison with the typical printing thickener, sodium alginate. The results exhibited that chitosan affected the fabric properties by increasing fabric yellowness and stiffness. However, with increasing chitosan concentrations, the yellowness reduced only marginally. Direct printing on cotton fabric with 3% Natural Chestnut at varying chitosan concentrations showed that the optimum chitosan concentration for the printing was at 3%w/v, being equivalent to the viscosity of 17,800 mPa. The 3%w/v chitosan imparted the ultimate color yield, print outline sharpness and a minimal dye bleeding on the unprinted area of the fabric. Use of chitosan concentration higher than 3%w/v led to poor print properties on the fabric. The efficiency as a thickener of chitosan was found to be superior to sodium alginate. A high color yield and good color fastness properties on cotton fabric were rendered in the case of chitosan thickener at the same applied concentration with sodium alginate.