bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ МОРКОВЬЮ СТОЛОВОЙ, ВЫРАЩИВАЕМОЙ В ПРЕДЕЛАХ АГРОСЕЛИТЕБНЫХ ЛАНДШАФТОВ Г. ГОРКИ
Authors: Мыслыва Тамара , Левшук Оксана
Published: March 2022

Цель настоящего исследования – установление уровней содержания, пределов варьирования и особенностей накопления тяжелых металлов (меди, цинка, марганца, свинца и кадмия) в моркови столовой, выращиваемой в пределах индивидуальной жилой застройки агроселитебных ландшафтов г. Горки (Могилевская область, Республика Беларусь). Установлено, что санитарно-гигиеническое качество моркови столовой является неудовлетворительным, ее корнеплоды содержат различные количества тяжелых металлов, которые по уровню содержания располагаются в следующий убывающий ряд: Zn > Mn > Cd > Cu > Pb, а доминирующими загрязнителями выступают цинк и кадмий. По способности к накоплению в корнеплодах столовой моркови тяжелые металлы располагаются в следующий убывающий ряд: Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb >Mn. Определено, что содержание того либо иного химического элемента в почве более значительно влияет на интенсивность его накопления морковью, чем биологические особенности самого растения.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ЦЕМЕНТНЫХ ЗАВОДОВ, РАБОТАЮЩИХ «МОКРЫМ» СПОСОБОМ
Authors: Оразов Парахат
Published: March 2022

В статье описывается значимость повторного использования пыли, образуемой в клинкерных печах цементных заводов, работающих «мокрым» способом, при сбережении природных ресурсов, повышении экономической эффективности и экологической безопасности производства.
SCHWARZSCHILD SPHERE AND NASTASENKO SPINNERET
Authors: Nastasenko Valentin
Published: March 2022

The study of black holes deepens the understanding of the structure of the foundations of the material world and the Universe, which is an urgent and important task that has not yet been fully resolved. Its solution is the main goal of this work, and the substantiation of the shape and structure of black holes on the basis of strict laws of nature is its scientific novelty. The research methods used in the work are based on deduction and induction, on the application of reliable laws of physics and the general principles of the theory of knowledge. Other methods are partially taken into account, because this work is related to scientific discoveries, the search for which is difficult to formalize. Results and its discussion. The paper puts forward a hypothesis that at the quantum level of the material world, the Schwarzschild sphere should be replaced by a spinneret of two layers of hexagonal prisms of circular space quanta, which are formed by six regular trihedral prisms of elementary space quanta with face length λG = 4.05126×10-35 m, of equal to the length waves of the gravitational field that forms them. Conclusions. It is shown that the spinnerets radius R = λG and its mass change by quantum jumps, and its internal structure consists of cylindrical layers, the radius of which increases from the first axial cylinder to the peripheral one by the quantum value λG. The spinnerets can have the properties of a black and white hole, which corresponds to the principles of Einstein's GR.
METHODOLOGY OF SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS OF MATHEMATICAL PLATE THEORY
Authors: Zelensky Anatoly
Published: March 2022

Inhomogeneous differential equations of the internal stress-strain state with the potential boundary effect of a variant of the mathematical theory of transversely isotropic plates of arbitrary constant thickness under obliquely asymmetric deformation are solved. These equations have the eighth and twelfth orders. A methodology has been developed that makes it possible to reduce the solution of inhomogeneous systems of high-order equilibrium equations to the solution of homogeneous and inhomogeneous second-order equations. General solutions of high-order equations are obtained through general solutions of second-order differential equations.Ключові слова: варіант математичної теорії пластин, неоднорідні диференціальні рівняння другого і високого порядків, методологія, загальні і частинні розв’язки.
BIOCOMPATIBLE GLASS-CERAMIC SCAFFOLDS FOR BONE ENDOPROSTHETICS
Authors: Fesenko Oleksii , Babich Olena , Savvova Oksana , Yeshchenko Maryna , Tiurina Oksana
Published: March 2022

The most modern materials for endoprosthesis replacement of large bone tissues are scaffolds, which allow to completely imitate the structure of the lost bone. Based on the analysis of the classification of materials for endoprosthetics and technologies for their synthesis, the relevance of creating biocompatible glass-ceramic scaffolds by duplicating the polymer matrix was determined. The initial glass (with the content of hydroxyapatite crystals) was selected, and the optimal slip composition and technological parameters of synthesis were determined, which made it possible to obtain scaffolds with a given gradient porous structure. The solubility indices of the developed materials indicate the possibility of their use as medical devices.
INVESTIGATION HFEMW ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON PP AND IRON NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Sultanova Jeyran , Mamedov Huseyn , Shirinova Habiba
Published: March 2022

In this work, the HFEMW absorption capacity of a nanocomposite on the basis of iron nanoparticles and polypropylene matrix was studied. The frequency of electromagnetic waves was in the range of 0.1 ÷ 3.0 GHz. Measurements were carried out depending on both the thickness of the polymer nanocomposite samples and the number of iron nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. It has been found that as the thickness of the samples increases, the electromagnetic waves absorption capacity of nanocomposite enhances. It also was investigated that HFEMW absorption capacity increases with increasing filler concentration. This increase continues up to 20% of the concentration value. With the increase of the iron nanoparticles in the polymer matrix amount of the dielectric and magnetic losses increases this, in turn, leads to the absorption of electromagnetic waves in a nanocomposite medium.
ТРИВАЛІСТЬ СУХОСТІЙНОГО ТА СЕРВІС–ПЕРІОДІВ У КОРІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЧЕРВОНО-РЯБОЇ ТА ЧОРНО-РЯБОЇ МОЛОЧНИХ ПОРІД
Authors: Ліскович Володимир
Published: March 2022

Викладено матеріали дослідження залежності молочної продуктивності української-чорно-рябої та червоно-рябої молочних від тривалості сервіс-періоду та сухостійного періодів. Встановлено, різниця у тривалості сервіс –періоду між першою і другою групами в середньому 5 діб, що стосується сухостійного періоду то різниця була незначною – 4 дні. Доведено, що тривалий сервіс–період призводить до безпліддя, а також знижує інтенсивність їх використання.
ЛОГІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПРОЦЕСУ ЕРГОНОМІЧНОГО ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Борозенець Ігор , Несміян Олексій
Published: March 2022

Основною метою даної роботи є розгляд найбільш загальних принципів, підходів та методів ергономічного проектування інформаційних систем. В роботі запропоновано структуру та етапи ергономічного проектування. Наведено порядок розв'язання задач оптимізації процесів ергономічного проектування інформаційної системи. Розроблено загальні ергономічні вимоги до проектування інформаційної системи.
ФРАКТАЛЬНАЯ РАЗМЕРНОСТЬ ОРГАНОВ И ОРГАНИЗМОВ
Authors: Жаббаров Жамолиддин
Published: March 2022

Эта статья посвящена определению фрактальной структуры и фрактального размера органов. Дается подробное описание различных математических методов определения размеров фрактальных структур. Фрактальная структура легкого человека также была изучена путем сравнения фрактальной структуры ветвей деревьев. Кроме того, на основе этих измерений фрактальные измерения легочной сосудистой системы пациентов были оценены в нескольких исследованиях, широко используемых для описания сосудистых сетей при различных заболеваниях, и были предоставлены данные об их практическом применении.
PLANNING OF TRAINING LOADS OF SPEED-POWER ENDURANCE OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN THE ANNUAL CYCLE OF TRAINING
Authors: Nesterenko Nataliia , Kriukovska Oleksandra , Porohnyavyi Andrii
Published: March 2022

The playing activity of a football player, taking place in conditions of high-intensity loads, cannot but cause corresponding changes in the work of his organs and systems. The fatigue that arises and progresses during the competition affects the effectiveness of technical and tactical actions of the player. Significant expansion of technical and tactical actions with maximum use of playing space, universalization of players necessitates increasing the requirements for special endurance of football players during competitions. Therefore, it seems legitimate to characterize the new trends that have emerged in football and are directly related to the impact of speed-power endurance on the effectiveness of technical and tactical skills of players.
МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ЩОДО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ВОГНЮ УГРУПОВАННЯ ВІЙСЬК ПРОТИПОВІТРЯНОЇ ОБОРОНИ СУХОПУТНИХ ВІЙСЬК
Authors: Кулєшов Олександр , Коломійцев Олексій , Гордієнко Андрій , Болюбаш Олексій , Батурін Олег , Клівець Сергій , Третяк Вячеслав
Published: March 2022

Розглянуто методичний підхід щодо моделювання оцінки ефективності системи вогню угруповання військ ППО СВ який дозволяє оцініти ефективність системи вогню за допомогою обраних показників при створенні системи протиповітряної оборони угруповання військ ППО СВ та підтриманні частин і підрозділів у стані, коли вони спроможні вирішувати бойові завдання.
Impact of biomass burning and stratospheric intrusions in the remote South Pacific Ocean troposphere
Authors: Daskalakis Nikos , Gallardo Laura , Kanakidou Maria , Nüß Johann Rasmus , Menares Camilo , Rondanelli Roberto , Thompson Anne M. , Vrekoussis Mihalis
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The ozone mixing ratio spatiotemporal variability in the pristine South Pacific Ocean is studied, for the first time, using 21-year-long ozone (O3) records from the entire southern tropical and subtropical Pacific between 1994 and 2014. The analysis considered regional O3 vertical observations from ozonesondes, surface carbon monoxide (CO) observations from flasks, and three-dimensional chemistry-transport model simulations of the global troposphere. Two 21-year-long numerical simulations, with and without biomass burning emissions, were performed to
disentangle the importance of biomass burning relative to stratospheric
intrusions for ambient ozone levels in the region. Tagged tracers of O3 from the stratosphere and CO from various biomass burning regions have been used to track the impact of these different regions on the southern tropical Pacific O3 and CO levels. Patterns have been analyzed based on atmospheric dynamics variability. Considering the interannual variability in the observations, the model can
capture the observed ozone gradients in the troposphere with a positive bias of 7.5 % in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) as well as near the surface. Remarkably, even the most pristine region of the global ocean is affected by distant biomass burning emissions by convective outflow through the mid and high troposphere and subsequent subsidence over the pristine oceanic region. Therefore, the biomass burning contribution to
tropospheric CO levels maximizes in the UTLS. The Southeast Asian open fires have been identified as the major contributing source to CO from biomass burning in the tropical South Pacific, contributing on average for the study period about 8.5 and 13 ppbv of CO at Rapa Nui and Samoa,
respectively, at an altitude of around 12 km during the burning season in
the spring of the Southern Hemisphere. South America is the second-most important biomass burning source region that influences the study area. Its
impact maximizes in the lower troposphere (6.5 ppbv for Rapa Nui and 3.8 ppbv for Samoa). All biomass burning sources contribute about 15–23 ppbv of CO at Rapa Nui and Samoa and account for about 25 % of the total CO in the entire troposphere of the tropical and subtropical South Pacific. This impact is also seen on tropospheric O3, to which biomass burning O3 precursor emissions contribute only a few ppbv during the burning period, while the stratosphere–troposphere exchange is the most important source of O3 for the mid troposphere of the South Pacific Ocean, contributing about 15–20 ppbv in the subtropics.
Divergent Convergence
Authors: Fernández Víctor Ramiro , Moretti Luciano , Ormaechea Emilia
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes the economic convergence of the global South with the global North (GS and GN, respectively) as well as the divergence within the GS between Asia and “the rest” (Latin America and Africa). In order to address these processes, the paper is structured in three parts. In the first part, the fundamentals that support this “divergent convergence” are considered in light of two theoretical perspectives: world-systems analysis (WSA) and Latin American Structuralism (LAS). We take into account the analytical tools of these theoretical perspectives and differentiate the historical, systemic, and top-down approach of WSA (focused on the contributions of Wallerstein and Arrighi) from the historical, structural, and bottom-up perspective of LAS. In the second part, we analyze the convergence of the GS with the GN in terms of economic dynamic, economic dynamism, and control of the accumulation process, as well as the divergence within the GS between Asia and “the rest”. We finally argue the possibility and necessity of complementing WSA and LAS approaches in order to explain these simultaneous processes of “divergent convergence” and to reflect on the challenges for the rest of the GS in facing the consolidation of Asian dominance under Chinese leadership.
Political Interviews with Donald Trump: Uncovering Power and Context through Critical Political Discourse Analysis
Authors: Xu Xu , Ballena Constantino T.
Published: March 2022

The study explored the CPDA framework in analyzing political interviews, particularly with President Donald Trump on the US trade war with China. The study mainly explored how political power was revealed in political interviews with President Trump and what these political interviews revealed about the contexts of President Trump. The corpus constituted ten political interview episodes coded as PIE1, PIE2, and so forth with an average length of 11minutes 26 seconds. The results revealed political power in the political interviews with President Trump as evidenced by his unusually loud volume, unusually low pitch, and falling intonation of expression structures and his positive evaluation of US or Our action and negative evaluation of Them or Their action as underpinned by semantic polarization. Moreover, ideological polarization, rhetoric, and practical argumentation uncovered President Trump's context of "America First" thought, his hegemony, high extraversion, low agreeableness, domestic high opposition to his trade war against China, and populism. Finally, the procedures in undertaking CPDA could be utilized by researchers in their analysis of political speeches and interviews to uncover notions of power and contexts.
Konflik Klas dan Gender dalam Politik Agama
Authors: Jainudin
Published: March 2022

Agama dipandang sebagai sumber moral, sementara di sisi lain dianggap sebagai sumber konflik. Teori konflik beranggapan bahwa masyarakat adalah suatu keadaan konflik yang berkesinambungan diantara kelompok dan berkecenderungan ke arah perselisihan, ketegangan dan perubahan. Penganut suatu agama adalah manusia bagian dari masyarakat, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat menjadi lahan konflik sebagaimana diisyaratkan oleh teori konflik. Dan agama memiliki potensi yang dapat melahirkan berbagai konflik (intoleransi), baik antar agama maupun intra suatu agama. Namun masih ada masyarakat yang memandang agama sebagai suatu yang positif yang didasarkan pada pandangan kaum fungsional (fungsionalisme).

Disisi lain agama dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang mengakibatkan adanya disfungsi dan terwujudnya disintegrasi sosial. Disisi lain disamping agama sebagai sumber konflik masih ada lagi sumber konflik yang lain yaitu peran jender dalam masyarakat, yang merupakan kultur yang menentukan harapan-harapan pada laki-laki dan perempuan dalam berinteraksi antara satu dengan yang lain dalam masyarakat. Korelasi antara perbedaan jender dan status sosial. Semakin besar perbedaan semakin timpang pula status sosial, dan semakin kecil pula perbedaan status sosial itu. Karl Marx memahami seluruh kehidupan sosio budaya ditentukan oleh pertentangan antara dua kelas sosial yang terlibat dalam proses produksi yaitu kaum industriawan yang mengontrol alat produksi dan kaum proletar sebagai pekerja. Feminisme memandang secara khusus kedudukan perempuan ditengah-tengah masyarakat. Secara umum dapat dikategorikan menjadi tiga yaitu: 1. Feminis liberal kelompok ini berpendapat bahwa laki-laki maupun perempuan diciptakan seimbang tidak terjadi penindasan antara satu dengan lain. 2. Feminis Marxis-Sosialis; aliran ini berupaya menghilangkan struktur kelas dalam masyarakat berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Dengan melontarkan isu bahwa ketimpangan peran antara kedua jenis kelamin itu sesungguhnnya lebih disebabkab oleh faktor alam. 3. Feminis radikal dalam kelompok ini perempuan tidak harus bergantung pada laki-laki, bukan saja dalam hal kebendaan tetapi juga dalam hal pemenuhan kebutuhan sek. Perempuan bisa mendapatkan kepuasan sek dengan sesama perempuan.

Gender dalam perspektif teori konflik bahwa perempuan sebagai kelompok penyumbang yang paling banyak dalam menyediakan tenaga murah dalam produksi yang sangat menguntungkan bagi kapitalis. Konstruksi jender sudah mengakar pada masyarakat sebagai inspirator munculnya persepsi masyarakat sistem patriarkhi sebagai bias jender. Agama dilihat dari sudut pandang konflik membuka celah lebar untuk menjadikan sebab munculnya ketegangan sosial dalam masyarakat. Namun di sisi lain bahwa konflik yang bersifat fungsional atau konsensus baru yang bermuara pada perbaikan.
Marriage Apostates: Why Heterosexuals Seek Same-Sex Registered Partnerships
Authors: Palazzo Nausica
Published: March 2022

Same-sex marriage is now a reality across Western countries. While this was a positive achievement for the LGBTQ community, some crucial questions remain unanswered. One of these questions concerns the future of nonmarital statuses, such as domestic partnerships or civil unions. After the legalization of same-sex marriage, U.S. states are simply phasing them out.
I wish to argue against this trend. Based on an original analysis of empirical data and case law, I argue that nonmarital statuses retain value for non-traditional families. In fact, states must introduce nonmarital statuses open to couples regardless of gender, including adult friends and relatives. To support this argument, I present two analyses.
First, I survey empirical research showing that (1) opposite-sex couples are signing up for nonmarital statuses at increasingly high rates, where available; (2) interest in such laws is growing even among same-sex couples in countries where same-sex marriage has existed for a long time.
Second, I outline the legal and theoretical justifications for extending same-sex nonmarital partnerships to all couples. To this end, I analyze recent strategic litigation in Europe initiated by heterosexual couples who sought access to nonmarital statuses reserved for same-sex couples. The analysis allows me to identify three approaches: a status recognition approach, a utilitarian approach, and a legal-pluralistic approach.
Ultimately, I offer guidance to policymakers in crafting a status that would be suitable for modern couples. Families that do not tick the boxes of the traditional marital family model continue to slip under the radar of law. Resurrecting these laws can fix the problem of their legal invisibility.
Please note: minor changes have been made to this article on pages 213-14, and this pdf will differ slightly from hard copies or versions available elsewhere.
Manual de desarrollo local y regional
Authors: Giusti Lucas
Published: March 2022

El objetivo principal de este libro es constituirse como una herramienta, sencilla y apropiada, para quienes inician sus estudios en el campo del desarrollo. A su vez, busca complementar la bibliografía de dos espacios curriculares. Por ello los contenidos, que a través de la lectura pueden ser explorados, han sido dispuestos para reflejar el objeto de estudio de Introducción al Desarrollo Local-Regional y Teorías del Desarrollo I. En definitiva, el propósito de este trabajo es que resulte útil para estudiantes, de la Licenciatura en Desarrollo Local-Regional, cuando empiezan a conocer los temas que profundizarán durante el cursado de toda la carrera. Así, este trabajo fue elaborado para ser leído por quienes no cuentan con una formación específica, sobre el desarrollo. En ese sentido, presento una serie de recortes explicativos, buscando simplificar el entendimiento de ciertos términos e ideas que tienen un mayor grado de dificultad. El libro se organiza en seis capítulos, divididos en dos partes. En la primera, en los capítulos uno, dos y tres, presentamos los ¡°elementos centrales del desarrollo¡±.De este modo, en el primer capítulo, observamos la evolución del concepto de desarrollo y su aplicación en distintas circunstancias y contextos históricos, desde el inicio de la edad moderna, hasta llegar a la Agenda 2030 y a la cuarta revolución industrial. En la segunda parte, en los capítulos cuatro, cinco y seis, reivindicamos el ¡°abordaje del desarrollo como un término pluridimensional¡±. Para ello, nos aproximamos a algunos de los ¡°adjetivos que acompañan al desarrollo¡±.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lipstick by using Beet root extract
Authors: Jain Sanket , Jain Shraddha , Pillai Sujit , Singh Mandloi Rampal , Namdev Nidhi
Published: March 2022

The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate Herbal Lipstick using beet root. The Olive oil, bees wax, carnaba wax, acacia, beet route, lemon juice were selected for formulation and evaluation of Herbal Lipstick. The herbal lipsticks were formulated as per general method of lipstick formulation. Three formulations (F1, F2, F3) of Herbal Lipstick were prepared and lipstick were evaluated for appearance, melting Point, solubility, breaing Point, surface anamolies and pH studies gave satisfactory result. F1 was found to be the best and acceptable formulation among all three formlation whose pH balance 6.5, smoothy texture with no defect and has good breaking point (24) compared to other formulation.
Antiulcer and Ulcer Healing Potential of Some Medicinal Plants: A Review
Authors: E Manjunatha , R. Nandeesh , Ahmed Syed Mansoor
Published: March 2022

Ulcers are open sores on the skin or mucus membrane characterized by a superficial loss of tissue. Ulcers are mainly occurs due to the disturbance of the normal equilibrium caused by either enhanced aggression or diminished mucosal resistance to possible ulcerative agents. Main adverse effects were reported for synthetic medicines available in market, involve the gastrointestinal tract discomfort. Plant based traditional medicines are commonly used all over the world since years as they found safe and effective. Many Medicinal plants and their parts (root, rhizome, bark, leaves and fruits) are currently being used for ulcer treatment. The aim of this review was to report the parts of the plants used for Extract preparation, active constituents present in them and Antiulcer models used for the evaluation. Many Medicinal plants have the potential for the prevention and treatment of ulcers. Detailed investigation, chemical studies, isolation and further studies need to be conducted to identify the active components and elucidate the exact mechanisms of action.
Black Pepper an Ideal Choice against Corona Virus: A Systemic study against Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Lall Deepesh , Rathore Shruti , Agrawal Bhagyashree , Sharma Neeraj
Published: March 2022

A severe acute respiratory syndrome is an unidentified and unusual type of contagious pneumonia and lung disease caused by SARS Covid-19. At present, whole world is witness and trying to combat against Covid-19 and scientist community is rigorously putting efforts to develop suitable and effective medicines. Apart from the other public health measures and therapeutic efforts against Covid-19, we can boost our immunity with natural products. In this review article, we have selected and highlighted the potential of commonly known spice and herb as antiviral and immunity booster called as Black pepper. According to Various surveys has conducted on home remedies during Covid-19, among a wide range of group of peoples in different age group from various country, found taking Kadha of Black pepper for combating infection and boosting immunity. We have put effort to highlight WHO proposed guidelines against Covid-19 and explained extraction method of API, processing steps of Black pepper and preventive measure of Covid-19 according to Ayurveda system. Therefore, we conclude from survey and available literature that spice Black pepper plays an important role against viral infections and boosting immunity more significantly.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method of UV-Spectrophotometry for the Estimation of Flavoxate in Bulk and Tablet Dosage form
Authors: Dosani Faizan , Hakam Nawaz , Vyawahare Aman , Patharkar Swanand , Gajbhiye Kalpak
Published: March 2022

Literature survey reveals that few spectrophotometric, high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) methods were reported for the estimation of Flavoxate HCl in single and in combined dosage forms. But there is no any stability indicating UV spectroscopic study is reported for Flavoxate in single dosage form. So the present study was aimed to development of simple, accurate, rapid and economical UV-spectrophotometric stability indicating assay method were established for the determination of Flavoxate HCl in bulk and tablet formulation. The solvent was selected for stock solution preparation is water and required concentrations were prepared by using the same solvent. The λmax for detection of Flavoxate HCl is 211nm. In this method Flavoxate followed linearity in the concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9µg/ml with regression coefficient (r2) 0.999. The percent drug content was found to be 98.81±0.39 for FLV in tablet formulation. Recovery study results of FLV ranges from 99.11 to 100.49%. The method was found to be accurate and precise, as indicate by recovery studies as recoveries were close to 100% and %RSD is less than 2. Inter-day and intraday variation was found to be 0.75 and 0.45%, respectively. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 0.719µg/ml and 2.186µg/ml, respectively. The stability study of Flavoxate was investigated when the drug was subjected to hydrolytic, peroxide, heat and photolytic (UV and sunlight) degradation. The results express that the Flavoxate is under thermal and photolytic (sunlight and UV light) conditions are more stable. In acidic, basic and hydrogen peroxide conditions Flavoxate is degraded in higher amount.
A New Validated Spectroscopic Method for the estimation of Sodium Benzoate in Soft drinks
Authors: Pravalika Manda , Archana Jorige
Published: March 2022

One of the most compelling reasons for food analysis is to ensure that it is safe for both consumers and producers. Sodium benzoate is a popular food ingredient that can be found in a variety of foods and beverages. To measure sodium benzoate in the UV-region, a rapid and simple Spectrophotometric method was devised and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2 R1) principles. Distilled water was used to make the standard and sample solutions. At 224nm, the maximum absorbance (λmax) was obtained. In the range of 1-40 µg/ml, the calibration curve was linear. The intra-day and inter-day percent RSDs were found to be 0.08 and 0.17, respectively. 0.031 and 0.093 were found to be the LOD and LOQ, respectively. The % RSD for robustness was found to be 0.86, while the % RSD for ruggedness was found to be 0.35. The proposed method was rapid, simple, precise and economic and can be adapted to routine quality control of beverages having Sodium benzoate.
TÜKETİM TOPLUMUNDA KİMLİK İNŞASI
Authors: BAYHAN Murat
Published: March 2022

Geçmişten gönümüze insan ilişkileri, iletişim kanalları, ilgi alanları, yaşam olanakları, üretim ve tüketim alışkanlıkları sürekli biçimde değişmiştir. Özellikle sanayi devrimi, toplumların yapısında, hem fiziki hem de kültüründe büyük dönüşümler ortaya çıkarmıştır. Modern toplumların ortaya çıkması ile birlikte sınıf veya başka bir ifade ile kimlik, bağlı bulunduğun bir topluluktan ziyade bireyin tüketim yolu ile kendisine, bir grup veya sınıf inşa etme sürecidir. Modern toplumlarda tüketim, yeni sosyal etkileşim ve sosyal davranış şekilleri oluşturma, gerçek ile sahte arasında ki ilişkiyi ortadan kaldırarak yeni bir benlik ve kimlik duygusunu elde etme arzusu ve prestijini ortaya çıkartmıştır. Protestanlık anlayışındaki üretimin fazlalaştırılması ve üretim ilişkisinin artı ürününü tanrı krallığı için harcanması anlayışı ile modern toplumda tüketim-birey ilişkisinin artı ürününün tüketim krallığına için gerekliliği ve zorunluluğu doğurmuştur. Çünkü tüketim alışkanlığı, bireyin kültürel bir göstergesi, yeni iletişim kanalı, yeni gurubunu ve sınıfını, yeni inancını kısacası yeni kimliğini ortaya çıkartır. Birey için tüketim artık zorunlu bir hal almış, tüketim için yeni bir üretim aracı haline gelmiştir.

Bu makalede tüketim toplumunda bireyin yeni kimlik inşa gereksiniminin nedenleri özerinde durulmuştur. Bu çerçevede bireyin tüketim alışkanlıklarının gereksinimden ziyade, istek ve arzularını doyurma, sosyal bir sınıf oluşturma gereksinimin nedenleri ve ait olmadığı sınıfın kabuğuna bürünmesinin temel etkenleri özerinde araştırma yapılmıştır. Makalenin temel tezi, tüketim toplumunda bireyin tüketim vasıtasıyla kendisine yeni bir anlam katması, kültürel, sosyal bir alan oluşturması gibi düşünceler etrafında oluşturulmuştur.
Erkeklerin Yaşam Süresini Etkileyen Faktörlere Yönelik Panel Veri Yaklaşımı
Authors: BULUT Şehadet , AĞIRALİOĞLU Saltuk
Published: March 2022

Doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi tüm dünyada artarak devam etmektedir. Gelişmiş ülkelerdeki beklenen yaşam süresi, gelişmekte olan ülkelere göre daha fazla iken, kadınların beklenen yaşam süresi de erkeklere oranla daha yüksektir. Çalışmamızın amacı; üst ve üst orta gelir grubu ülkelerde erkeklerde beklenen yaşam süresini etkileyen olası faktörlerin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla kişi başı gelir, kişi başına yapılan toplam, devlet ve özel sağlık harcamaları ile 1000 kişi başına düşen doktor sayısının doğumda beklenen erkek yaşam süresi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. 10 ülkenin 2000-2018 yıllarına 19 yıllık verilerinin analiz edildiği çalışmada; bağımsız değişkenler ile doğumda beklenen erkek yaşam süresi arasında istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki elde edilememiştir. Bununla birlikte Dumitrescu Hurlin Nedensellik Testi sonuçlarında 2. ve 3. gecikmede kişi başına yapılan toplam sağlık harcamaları ile kişi başına yapılan devlet sağlık harcamalarının, 3. gecikmede de, kişi başı milli gelir ve kişi başına yapılan özel sağlık harcamalarının doğumda beklenen erkek yaşam süresinin nedeni olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
外科加護病房內使用紅血球血品之原因分析與改善方案
Authors: 楊茜淳 楊茜淳 , Chien-Chun Yang 施威祥 , Wei-Hsiang Shih Emily Lo , Emily Lo 羅崇杰
Published: March 2022

背景與目的：雖然許多醫學會都有發表如何正確使用紅血球的血品的照顧指引，然而，臨床醫師決定輸血的動機，常是根據個人的喜好，或是多年類累積的經驗而非實證醫學。因此，本研究的宗旨是探討外科加護病房病人的輸血適應症是否遵循這些照顧指引，同時分析輸血的正確與合適性是否影響病人的臨床結果，與探討造成不正確輸血的因素，以達到持續提升病人照顧品質。研究方法：本研究收納在2015年7月至2016年6月中入住成人外科加護病房之病人，組成一個專家小組依回顧性的方式評估加護病房住院期間所有使用紅血球血品的適當性，並比較輸血的正確性與非正確性的兩組病人的背景資料及臨床結果。研究結果：研究期間共有617名病人入住外科加護病房，其中245名(39.7%)病人接受了紅血球血品。比起沒有手術的病人，較多的術後病人有接受輸血(87.3% vs. 75.8%)，同時輸血的病人有較高的APACHE II 分數(22.1 ± 8.5 vs. 15.5 ± 7.4)，更長的加護病房的住院天數(8.0 ± 9.1 vs. 3.0 ± 3.7天)，與較高的加護病房死亡率(14.3% vs. 6.2%)。在651次輸血當中，有38.4%符合適應症，但61.6%則未符合適應症。手術後在外科加護病房接受輸血的病人有顯著較高的比率病人在手術當中失血超過500 C.C. (P<0.05)。結論：目前醫院的努力措施仍無法有效的減少外科加護病房不必要的使用紅血球血品。除了持續加強教導醫護人員正確的使用血品之外，其他的方法例如強化資訊系統的提示與阻擋功能，也都是重要的努力方向。

 

Objectives: Despite the fact that many published guidelines for optimal usage of blood products are available, RBC transfusions are frequently guided by personal preference and tradition. The purpose of the study was to examine the appropriateness of RBC transfusions for surgical patients admitted to the SICU and how it might affect the clinical outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all RBC transfusions that occurred in a general SICU between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016. Each RBC transfusion was critically ap-praised using four criteria to determine whether or not the transfusion was indicated. De-mographic data and clinical outcome measures of transfused and non-transfused patients as well as patients with indicated or non-indicated RBC transfusions were compared. Results: There were 617 patients admitted to the SICU and 245 (39.7%) of them required RBC transfusions. Transfused patients were more likely to have had operations prior to ICU ad-mission (87.3% vs. 75.8%) and have higher APACHE II scores (22.1 ± 8.5 vs. 15.5 ± 7.4). They also had longer ICU stays (8.0 ± 9.1 vs. 3.0 ± 3.7 days) and higher ICU mortality rates (14.3% vs. 6.2%). Among 651 transfusions, 38.4% of them fulfilled at least one crite-rion for transfusion and 61.6% were not considered appropriate. Patients who had non-indicated postoperative RBC transfusion were more likely to have had intraoperative blood loss ≥ 500 mL (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our efforts to reduce unnecessary RBC transfusion in the SICU appear inadequate. Educating medical personnel is important, but additional measures should also be taken in order to improve compliance.

 
利用Gore-Tex®縫線對脫位人工水晶體進行固定手術
Authors: 張心怡 張心怡 , Hsin-Yi Chang 王元聖 , Yuan-Sheng Wang 鄭成國
Published: March 2022

即便對經驗豐富的眼科醫師而言，人工水晶體脫位後重新固定亦是一場浩大的工程。雖然人工水晶體重新置入併以縫線固定手術已行之有年，要完成此手術仍必須將角膜傷口擴大才能將舊的人工水晶體取出而置入新的人工水晶體。因此術後除了造成傷口需更長的癒合時間外，也會造成角膜高度閃光之問題。本篇提出一項新的人工水晶體縫合固定手術，不需將舊有脫位之人工水晶體取出，而是將其直接固定在眼球內部，以減少前述之副作用。

 

Background and Purpose: This study is the first to examine whether the execu-tive functions (EFs) of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (CWHFA) can be improved through figure skating (FS) experiences. Methods: In this single-case experimental study, a qualified FS coach trained two CWHFA by follow-ing the training system developed by the Ice Skating Institute. Multiple baselines of the two CWHFA were formed on several target indices, including EF subcomponents (Taiwanese Traditional-Chinese Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory) and repetition behaviors (Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised). Social validation was also conducted via interviewing their mothers. Results: The results indicated that both of the CWHFA made progress on FS techniques during their 12 sessions of lessons in 6 weeks. The improved inhibitory control and repetitive behaviors were correlated with and might have probably been modiated by the FS experiences. The positive effects might have transferred to their daily lives. Conclusion: The results suggested that FS experiences helped the two CWHFA on their FS skills and bettered their inhibitory control as well as lowered their repetitive behaviors. Future randomised controlled trials further examining this effect are warranted.

 
Investigation of The Correlation between Metacognition Levels and Ruminative Thought Forms of Sports Sciences Faculty Students
Authors: kara N. Şeyma
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of this research is to investigate the correlation between the metacognition levels of the students of the faculty of sports sciences and their ruminative thought styles. Method: The research is carried out using the correlational survey model. The universe of the research consists of sports science students studying at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Coaching, Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Recreation and Sports Management. The sample of the study, on the other hand, is a total of 287 sports science students, 131 female and 156 male, selected by convenience sampling. Pearson correlation and regression techniques are used in the analysis of the data. Results: As a result of the research, it is determined that there is a moderately significant positive correlation between metacognitive awareness scores and ruminative thought style scores. In addition, it is determined that metacognitive awareness is a significant predictor of ruminative thought. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, excessive control of cognitions may cause repetitive thoughts. Keywords: Sports sciences faculty, student, metacognition, ruminative thought
Examination of the Postgraduate Theses Published on Amputee Football Players in the Field of Sports Sciences in Turkey
Authors: Kilinç Zuhal , Karadağ Haci , Kurt Yusuf
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of this research is to examine thesis published on amputee football players in the field of sports sciences in Turkey in terms of the level postgraduate, year of publication, purpose, age of participant, number of participant, data collection tools and results. Methods: In the literature, review studies are generally carried out with three different methods: systematic review, traditional review and meta-analysis. This research was designed using the systematic review method. A total of 17 theses were reached as a result of the search made by scanning the keywords "amputee and football amputee" between 20.01.2022 and 05.02.2022 on the database of the Turkish National Thesis Center. Results: Although there are very few postgraduate theses published in the field of physical education and sports sciences, it has been determined that there has been a great increase in recent years. At the same time, it was determined that the theses published were mostly master's theses. While the age range of the participant groups of these theses was not specified in some theses, it was determined that they were between the ages of 15-50 in other theses. The number of participant groups of theses varies considerably between theses. When examined in terms of data collection tool, it was determined that physical performance values were measured the most. Secondly, it was determined that the most measurement tool was questionnaire. It was determined that the least number of semi-structured interview forms were used. Conclusion: As a result, it has been determined that the number of postgraduate thesis researches on amputee football players in the field of physical education and sports is quite low and sports performance measurement tests are mostly applied in the existing theses. In future studies, it may be recommended to conduct studies examining psychological and social situations. Keywords: Amputee football players, Amputee, Physically disabled individuals
Investıgatıon of Organızatıonal Trust and Indıvıdual Performance Relatıonshıp of Personnel Workıng in Youth Servıces and Sports Provıncıal Dırectorate: A Research on Youth Servıces and Sports Provıncıal Dırectorate
Authors: Bozkir Akif , Kizilkoca Mustafa
Published: March 2022

Background: Today, the importance of sports enterprises and sports institutions is increasing with each passing day. Therefore, the service and working performance of the staff working here is also very important. Aim: The purpose of this study is to establish whether there is a meaningful relationship between organizational trust and individual performance. It is to determine whether organizational trust and individual performance differ according to various demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education, marital status, seniority, and the relationships between the general and sub-dimensions of organizational trust and individual performance. Method: Research data were obtained by applying face-to-face on a voluntary basis to youth and sports provincial directorate employees by survey method during the pandemic period when there is flexible working. Results: When the general average of the responses given by the participants regarding the questions to measure organizational trust and individual performance perception levels was examined, it was seen that organizational trust perception levels were high and individual performance perception levels were very high, and there was no significant difference between organizational trust and individual performance according to the demographic variables of the employees. Conclusion: A positively significant relationship was observed between organizational trust and sub-dimensions and individual performance. Therefore, managers should implement management models that will provide and increase organizational trust in sports institutions or enterprises so that they can prevent costs due to poor individual performance. Keywords:Organizational Trust, Individual Performance, Sports, Sports Institutions
Antineoplastic Mechanism of Emblica Officinalis Against Breast Cancer, A Humans Clinical Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Shuja Naveed , Ansari Mashkoor Ahmed , Phull Qamar Zaman , Sodhar Jawad Mumtaz , Shuja Arslan , Maqsood Majida
Published: March 2022

Current study was found that there is a significant changes (<0.005) were observed in both groups regarding reoccurrence of malignancy by considering their MRI and bone scan with passage of time. There were 70 women with breast cancer in Group B and 30 in Group A. 10 g/day emblica officinalis extract was given to the individuals of group B orally for two years their preoperative and Postoperative levels of MRI and bone scan mean standard deviation were (1.81±0.1),(clear) and (0.00±0.00.00±0.0, 0.00±0.0, 0.00±0.0), (clear, all) after 6,12,18 and 24 months respectively, while in Group A, there were 30 women with breast cancer their preoperative and postoperative levels MRI and bone scan mean standard deviation levels were (1.91±1.1), (clear) and (0.12±0.0, 0.70±0.1, 0.93±0.2, 1.00±0.0), (clear, all) after 6,12,18 and 24 months respectively. Keywords: BRCA1, BRCA2, Emblica officinalis , ellagic acid ,
Contribution of Long Non-Coding Rnas (Ccat1, Malat1, and Pandar) in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ghafari Ayat B. Al-, , Siddiqui Halima A. , Choudhry Hani M. , Doghaither Huda A. Al , Alshaibi Huda F. , Alsuﬁani Hadeil M. , Rahimulddin Sawsan A.
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To assess the relationship between the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), CCAT1, MALAT1, and PANDAR, in CRC patients with varying physical, environmental, and pathophysiological factors. Material and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Whole blood was collected from 63 CRC patients and 40 healthy subjects in the period from January to August 2016. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the total RNA was isolated and the expression of lncRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Various software programs, including REST2009 and GraphPad Prism version 7, were used to analyze the different statistical correlations. Results: MALAT1 was significantly highly expressed in CRC female patients, whereas CCAT1 and PANDAR were significantly up-regulated in male CRC patients, as compared with controls. Moreover, in obese CRC patients, CCAT1, MALAT1, and PANDAR expressions were significantly up-regulated, while in overweight CRC patients, only MALAT1 was significantly more highly expressed, compared to controls. There was a slight increase in PANDAR expression in high-grade CRC patients, compared to low-grade patients. Finally, CCAT1 was significantly up-regulated in high fish intake CRC patients and was significantly correlated with smoking status. Conclusion: LncRNAs may contribute to CRC pathogenesis by affecting several physical and environmental factors. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, LncRNA CCAT1, LncRNA MALAT1, LncRNA PANDAR
Assessment of General Dentists' Knowledge of the new Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant Diseases and Conditions 2017: A Cross-Sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almutairi Abdullah Saleh
Published: March 2022

Objective: The most widely accepted and used classification in the periodontics field was that of the World Workshop 1999. However, due to several shortcomings, in 2018 the World Workshop devised a new classification for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. This study aims to explore general dentists’ knowledge about the new Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant Diseases and Conditions 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based questionnaire-based study was conducted from December 2020 to May 2021 targeting Saudi Arabian primary care dentists. The sample size was 242 participants and after written informed consent, they were given web-based questionnaires consisting of 20 questions to complete. The study protocol was explained to the participants. Result: Of 310 dentists, 242 agreed to participate, with a response rate of 78.06%. The results showed that 143 participants (59.1%) were aware of the new classification while the rest were not. Half of the participants used it (50%), whereas the rest either did not use it or chose “not applicable.” Participating male dentists had more knowledge of the classification than female dentists (P <0.001). Dentists graduating after 2018 and those who graduated from governmental college knew more about the new classification than those who had graduated from private colleges. Conclusion: In this study, a moderately low percentage of participants displayed either no awareness of this new periodontal classification or did not use it, especially the graduates before 2018. Hence, there is an urgent need to spread awareness of the new classification among the dental community since it is a clinical and treatment-based classification. Keywords: periodontics, awareness, dentistry, continuous education.
Effect of Respiratory Muscles Training on Cardiopulmonary Parameters and Quality of Life in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Suleman Hanifa , Sheraz Suman , Niaz Aiman , Ghani Hafiza Muriam , Ghafoor Abdul , Rehman Attiq Ur , Waris Sadaf
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine effects of respiratory muscles training on cardiopulmonary parameters and quality of life in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Methodology: This Randomized Control Trial was conducted in Shifa International Hospital Islamabad from September 30, 2019 to December 31, 2019 and 22 patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy were screened. Subjects were divided into 2 groups by sealed envelope sampling method. Bruce protocol according to ACSM guidelines (3 days per week, starting at shorter duration 5-20 min and progress to 30-40 min) was applied in Group 1. Bruce protocol same as in group 1 combined with Incentive spirometry (10-15 repetitions) and slow breathing technique was applied in Group 2. Tools and Outcome measures of study were EF, LV End systolic dimension, LV End diastolic dimension, QOL, PFT (FEV1, FVC, PEF and FEV1/FVC) and Vitals. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Results: All patients in both groups were male with mean age of 51.65±6.5. Group 2 had improvement in LV End systolic dimension (pre training- 53.73+10.57, Post Training- 52.00+11.84), LV End diastolic dimension (pre training- 56.45+13.21, Post Training-55.45+14.08) as compared to Group 1 with LV End Systolic dimension ( pre training- 52.00+6.89, Post Training-51.56+6.71), LV End Diastolic dimension ( pre training- 60.00+6, Post Training-60.00+6.000). Conclusion: Respiratory muscles training by using bruce protocol combined with slow breathing and Incentive spirometry has significant effects on cardiopulmonary parameters and QOL in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Keywords: Congestive heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, Bruce protocol, Incentive spirometry, slow breathing exercise.