bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NCAPD3‐mediated AKT activation regulates prostate cancer progression
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xie Wanlin , Zong Xicui , Fang Yuanyuan , Ren Jia , Jing Zuolei , Wei Yong , Lu Shan , Zhu Qingyi , Liu Ping
Published: January 2025

Despite therapeutic improvements in prostate cancer treatment, the recurrence and mortality rates are still high, and the underlying mechanisms still need further study. Non‐SMC Condensin II Complex Subunit D3 (NCAPD3) is a subunit of condensin II complex, mainly involved in the mitotic chromosome condensation of cells. This study aimed to figure out the detailed mechanisms by which NCAPD3 contributed to prostate cancer development. Clinical samples and cell lines were used to measure the expression of genes by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western‐blot assay (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR) and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were examined to explore the interplays between molecules. CCK8, transwell, and wound‐healing assays were applied to perform cell proliferation and migration. A subcutaneous tumor xenograft model was constructed by injecting DU145‐Lv‐NCAPD3 cells and control cells into male BALB/c nude mice to confirm the result derived from in vitro assay. NCAPD3 increased STAT3 expression and phosphorylation in PCa cells, thereby enhancing STAT3 transcriptional activity to improve the levels of JAK2 and EZH2. This led to an increase in phosphorylation of AKT at Thr 308 and Ser 473 through JAK2/PI3K and EZH2/NSD2/mTORC2 pathways, respectively. Moreover, there was a positive mutual activation between STAT3 and JAK2, further enhanced by NCAPD3 to promote PCa progression. NCAPD3, as an oncogene, promoted PCa progression by phosphorylating and activating AKT, which suggests a novel functional pathway of NCAPD3 in promoting PCa progression.
Creating Accessible Online Content for Health Professions Education
Authors: Huth Kathleen , Newman Lori , Meeks Lisa , Wolbrink Traci
Published: January 2025

In 2021, nearly 6% of learners studying medicine disclosed disabilities, which was more than double that of 2015.1 Learners seek accommodations for visual, hearing, mobility, and learning disabilities, as well as chronic health conditions. Strategies for supporting accessibility align with best practices for audiovisual and instructional design; however, they are not consistently used in online education. Health professions educators are responsible for ensuring online content is accessible to all learners.
Evaluation of the Food Literacy Project’s “Nourishing Food Literacy, Community Health and Sense of Place in Louisville, Kentucky” Initiative
Authors: King Kristi M. , Brown Aishia , Della Lindsay J. , Elmore Shakeyrah , Hartson Kimberly , O’Neal Carol , Bloomer Rebecka , Perez Angelique , Gundersen Carol
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives:

Community-based organizations, such as Food Literacy Project, Inc. (FLP), focused on cultivating food justice through increasing access to healthy foods in under-resourced areas are uniquely positioned to positively affect the nutrition landscape. This article reports on an evaluation of FLP’s efforts in implementing food justice programming.

Methods:

A single, longitudinal case study evaluation framed within the socioecological model included the collection of survey, interview and focus group, on-site observational and field notes data at multiple points throughout the evaluation period of July 2019 through August 2020.

Results:

Research findings lauded FLP’s initiatives providing food access, creating youth advocacy programming, and fostering community connections. However, critical need existed to implement initiatives by individuals who reflected the communities in which they served on land that was fully secured for tenure and ownership.

Conclusions:

The results from this evaluation suggest a call to action for non-profit organizations to build and maintain trust in under-resourced communities. When applying for grants, partnering with academic institutions and implementing programming, the site team members, as well as evaluation team members, should be intentional to identify (eg, race, gender, residence, socioeconomic status, education level) with the community in which the initiatives aim to serve.
Fragmented QRS complexes in electrocardiogram and their relationship with somatic symptoms in postmenopausal women
Authors: Korpe Busra , Kose Caner , Turan Serifler Nazlı , Korkmaz Vakkas , Keskin Huseyin Levent
Published: January 2025

Objective

Menopause significantly impacts cardiovascular health, yet the relationship between myocardial abnormalities and noncardiac symptoms in postmenopausal women remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between fragmented QRS waves (fQRS) positivity on electrocardiograms (ECG) and somatic symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Methods

We included 623 postmenopausal women attending a menopause clinic for routine annual gynecological examinations. Women were categorized into fQRS-positive (n = 248) and fQRS-negative (n = 375) groups based on ECG results analyzed by a blinded cardiologist. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used to assess menopausal symptoms across three subscales: somatic, psychological, and urogenital. Data on demographics, physical activity, and medical history were also collected. Statistical analyses included comparisons of MRS scores, and a binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between fQRS positivity and somatic symptoms. Adjusted models were created for potential confounders.

Results

Women with fQRS positivity reported significantly higher somatic symptoms and total MRS scores compared to those without fQRS positivity. Specifically, higher scores were observed in the fQRS-positive group for the somatic subscale and total MRS score. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that fQRS positivity was significantly associated with somatic symptoms after adjusting for all confounders (odds ratio, 10.76; 95% CI, 7.21-16.07; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Postmenopausal women with fQRS positivity on ECG exhibit a higher severity of somatic symptoms compared to those without fQRS positivity. These findings suggest a potential link between somatic symptoms and myocardial conduction abnormalities indicated by fQRS positivity. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this association.
Microablative radiofrequency versus sham for overactive bladder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Slongo Helena , Lunardi Anna Lygia B. , Fazzolari Juliana C. , Pérez Constanza D.A. , Riccetto Cássio L.Z. , Juliato Cássia R.T.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Energy therapies have been suggested as potential treatments for overactive bladder (OAB), yet there are few studies examining their efficacy. This study aimed to compare the effects of fractional microablative radiofrequency (RF) to sham treatment.

Methods

A pilot clinical trial was conducted with 77 women diagnosed with OAB, randomized into two groups: one receiving three monthly sessions of fractional microablative RF and the other receiving sham treatment, both combined with behavioral therapy. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 30 days after therapy using validated questionnaires for urinary symptoms (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Short Form, Overactive Bladder, and Quality of Life), as well as vaginal and sexual function, and pelvic floor muscle functionality.

Results

Both treatment groups demonstrated significant improvements in all validated questionnaires assessing urinary and vaginal symptoms (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between them. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Overactive Bladder scores improved significantly in both the RF group (−4.5 points; P < 0.001) and the sham group (−4.5 points; P < 0.001), with no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.812). Additionally, there were no improvements noted in sexual function or vaginal trophism in the RF group. However, assessments of endurance, resistance, and fast contractions of the pelvic floor muscles showed improvement only in the RF group, with no changes observed in power or perineometer measurements.

Conclusions

Microablative RF treatment combined with behavioral therapy did not show benefits over sham treatment with behavioral therapy for addressing OAB symptoms.
Role of chromosome abnormalities in couple infertility in Cotonou
Authors: Azonbakin Simon , Agbanlinsou Arnaud , Gouton Clémence , Goussanou Yannick , Adjagba Marius , Dangbemey Patrice , Laleye et Anatole
Published: January 2025

Genetic etiologies of infertility are little mentioned in Africa, mainly due to the lack of technical genetics platforms in many African countries. Identifying these genetic factors involves the use of cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques. In this retrospective study spanning 13 years, we assessed the role of chromosomal anomalies in the etiology of couple infertility in Benin. This study included patients admitted to the cytogenetics laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Cotonou for a cytogenetic examination as part of a couple infertility exploration from January 2010 to December 2022. Out of 1996 karyotype requests, 205 karyotypes were carried out to explore the couple's infertility (10.27%). We found 5.34% numerical anomalies and 7.28% structural anomalies. These findings highlight the significance of cytogenetic analyses in the etiological investigation of couple infertility in Benin and enable the establishment of adequate genetic counseling for infertile couples.
Longitudinal response to standard of care in pediatric metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: Rates of improvement and worsening, and factors associated with outcomes
Authors: Newton Kimberly P. , Jayasekera Dulshan , Blackford Amanda L. , Behling Cynthia , Wilson Laura A. , Fishbein Mark H. , Molleston Jean P. , Xanthakos Stavra A. , Vos Miriam B. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. ,   for the NASH CRN
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:

Longitudinal outcomes in children with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear due to the absence of a standardized monitoring approach. This study aimed to (1) define improvement and worsening in children with MASLD, (2) estimate rates of improvement or deterioration with the standard of care (SOC) over 1 and 2 years, and (3) identify baseline and longitudinal factors associated with improvement or worsening.

Approach and Results:

Using data from 2 large randomized controlled trials, we derived definitions for composite improvement and worsening of MASLD based on associations between changes in ALT, GGT, and liver histology after 1 and 2 years. Improvement was defined as ≥40% decrease in ALT and ≥20% decrease in GGT and worsening as ≥20% increase in both ALT and GGT. We applied definitions to a cohort of 440 children with MASLD. After 1 year of SOC, 22% of children with MASLD showed improvement, increasing to 31% after 2 years. However, 20% showed worsening after both 1 and 2 years despite receiving SOC. Logistic regression analysis, employing stepwise model selection, identified changes in body mass index z-score and cholesterol to be most associated with improvement or deterioration.

Conclusions:

This study developed criteria for improvement and worsening in children with MASLD over 1 and 2 years of follow-up. With SOC, over one-quarter of children are likely to improve while one-fifth of children are likely to worsen. Targeting interventions that affect body mass index and lipid parameters may help improve MASLD over time.
Determinants of Preventive Health Behavior for Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: HUANG Ya-Wen , HUNG Chich-Hsiu , HUANG Mei-Chuan
Published: January 2025

Background

Vertical transmission from mother to child during the perinatal period is a key route of hepatitis B infection. The infection rate among children of mothers who are hepatitis B carriers is high.

Purpose

This study was designed to investigate the hepatitis-B-related preventive health behavior of pregnant women and related factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used, and 184 pregnant women aged 20 years or above were recruited at obstetrics clinics as participants. The Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Hepatitis B Knowledge Questionnaire, Hepatitis B Health Beliefs Questionnaire, and Preventive Health Behavior Questionnaire were used to collect study data between October 2017 and March 2018.

Results

Most of the participants had received a hepatitis B test because of either a pregnancy checkup (38.0%) or a health examination (32.1%), and most (77.7%) were not hepatitis B carriers. Using multiple linear regression, four significant determinants of hepatitis B preventive health behavior were identified, including marital status (β = 2.45, p = .008, 95% CI [0.66, 4.25]), test for hepatitis B infection status (β = −2.83, p = .013, 95% CI [−5.06, −0.60]), hepatitis B knowledge (β = 0.21, p = .001, 95% CI [0.09, 0.33]), and hepatitis B health beliefs (β = 0.11, p < .001, 95% CI [0.05, 0.16]).

Conclusions

The participants who were not married or had never received a hepatitis B test exhibited better hepatitis-B-related preventive health behavior. Moreover, both hepatitis B knowledge and hepatitis B health belief scores were found to relate positively to preventive health behavior. Healthcare providers should strengthen health education in outpatient clinics and provide post-hepatitis B health-related materials in the community. In particular, internet resources such as hepatitis-B-related health education apps and other channels should be used to increase hepatitis B knowledge in perinatal women and eliminate hepatitis B.
Pharmacovigilance insights into medication-induced risk of dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Liu Hao , Zou Yujia , Zhang Qiongchi , Zhao Jinghao , Wu Jingtao , Li Xinyu , Cheng Yongzhong , Wei Hongyu , Li Haopeng , Cao Shuai
Published: January 2025

Background:

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) pose a significant health threat owing to their high misdiagnosis rate. Case reports suggest that DAVFs or related acute events may follow medication use; however, drug-related risk factors remain unclear. In clinical practice, the concomitant use of multiple drugs for therapy is known as “polypharmacy situations,” further increasing the risk of drug-induced DAVF. Real-world studies linking medications and DAVF can alert clinicians to their possibilities and contribute to clinical decision-making and patient education.

Method:

This study investigated adverse events spanning a decade from the FAERS database, employing pharmacovigilance analysis to systematically assess the risk of drug-induced DAVF. Furthermore, the clinical characteristics of these drug-related DAVFs, such as demographic information, complications, and outcomes, were characterized.

Result:

This study generated a broad spectrum of drugs associated with DAVFs. A total of 355 DAVF events, involving 161 drugs across 73 categories, were compiled from millions of records. We identified eight classes of drugs for thorough investigation. Pharmacovigilance analysis revealed that tamoxifen, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, prednisone, rebif, ustekinumab, natalizumab, baclofen, dabigatran etexilate, and bupivacaine have the potential to induce DAVFs. Cerebrovascular thrombotic and embolic events emerge as the most prominent co-adverse events of drug-induced DAVFs. Analyses based on drug-disease targets suggested that the regulation of angiogenesis could be a potential mechanism in tamoxifen-induced DAVFs. Apart from medications with gender-specific prescription patterns, most medications exhibit a high risk of DAVF in adult male cohorts. Five patients with drug-related DAVFs experienced severe (fatal) outcomes, with four reports attributed to tamoxifen.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the diverse range of drugs implicated in the occurrence or progression of DAVF. Drugs such as tamoxifen, corticosteroids, multiple sclerosis medications, and oral anticoagulants require particular attention. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms and risk factors, such as thrombosis, contributing to drug-induced DAVF to inform preventive strategies and optimize patient care.
Autoimmune diseases and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies
Authors: Bai Xiao , Guo Yunran , Zhu Xinmao , Dai Dongqiu
Published: January 2025

Background:

Several autoimmune diseases (ADs) are considered risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. This study pooled and appraised the evidence associating ADs with GI cancer risks.

Methods:

Three databases were examined from initiation through 26 January 2024. Evidence was determined by the criteria including the P-value of random-effects, small-study effects, excess significance bias, heterogeneity, and 95% prediction interval.

Results:

Fourteen meta-analyses including 211 primary studies describing 31 associations were selected. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are strong risk factors (with effect sizes of 10.33 and 12.12, respectively) for small bowel cancer (SBC), as indicated by highly suggestive evidence. Another highly suggestive evidence is that gastric cancer (GC) risk was elevated in individuals suffering from pernicious anemia (PA, effect size: 2.80). Suggestive evidence emerged that the risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) were decreased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, effect size: 0.79) but increased in patients with IBD (effect size: 1.82).

Conclusions:

This study finds three highly suggestive pieces of evidence of IBD and CD patients with higher SBC risk and PA patients with higher GC risk. Future studies should identify these associations to provide more personalized cancer screenings for patients with ADs.
Implementing Team-Based Learning in a First-Year, Doctor of Physical Therapy Clinical Medicine Course
Authors: Hartman Jeff , Nelson Evan O.
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose.

Team-based learning (TBL) allows students to safely struggle with the complexity of clinical practice, yet there are few reports describing implementation in United States Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) education. The purpose of this paper is to report the implementation of TBL in a first-year clinical decision-making course within a DPT Program and compare the learning outcomes to a lecture-based teaching model.

Model/Method Description and Evaluation.

Team-based learning is an evidence-based, active learning technique whereby students complete clearly communicated, preclass assignments and come to class prepared to apply acquired knowledge and solve real-world scenarios in permanent, predetermined work teams. The University of Wisconsin, Madison implemented TBL in a first-year clinical medicine course. The percentage of points earned on all exams was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the aggregate course grade and 6 Clinical Performance Instrument performance criteria.

Outcomes.

Three consecutive cohorts (n = 117) were taught using lecture-based teaching, and 3 (n = 118) using TBL. Examination scores were not different between TBL (mean [SD] = 89.61% [3.13%]) and lecture-based teaching (88.50% [4.21%]), and TBL yielded a higher (Β = 0.73, P = .04) aggregate course grade. Clinical Performance Instrument assessments of student performance during clinical education experiences were not different.

Discussion and Conclusion.

Team-based learning maintained exam, course, and clinical performance. The 0.73% higher course grade for students receiving TBL education is unlikely to represent a meaningful difference in learning outcomes. Implementing TBL in a clinically oriented course as early as the first year of DPT education may create an effective teaching and learning environment that balances content acquisition with clinical application.
Characteristics and hospitalization of people living with dementia after home healthcare: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Wang Yi-Chi , Tsai Kang-Ting , Ho Chung-Han , Tseng Wei-Zhe , Petersen Irene , Lai Yi-Chen , Chiou Hung-Yi , Hsiung Chao A. , Yu Sang-Ju , Sampson Elizabeth L. , Liao Jung-Yu , Chen Ping-Jen
Published: January 2025

The need for home healthcare (HHC) is increasing among people living with dementia (PLWD) to achieve their desire to age. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of hospitalization among PLWD receiving HHC. This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2007 to 2017. The primary outcome was subsequent hospitalization after HHC for PLWD. Using multivariate Poisson regression, baseline and follow-up HHC-related characteristics were examined as covariates and influencing factors. A total of 95,831 PLWD received HHC (mean age: 80.2 years), and 81.7% had at least one subsequent hospitalization during the follow-up period. Regarding baseline characteristics, prior admission was the strongest determinant of subsequent hospitalization, especially being admitted three to six months before HHC use (aRR = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–1.56, P < .001), followed by dementia duration from diagnosis to index date more than 3.5 years (aRR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.19–1.24). Among HHC-related characteristics, a higher frequency of HHC visits (more than 2 counts/month) (aRR = 4.81, 95% CI 4.63–5.00) and visits by both physicians and nurses (aRR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.98–2.07) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization. Our findings suggest that prior admission, longer dementia duration from diagnosis to the index date, and frequency of HHC were positively associated with increased hospitalization. Future interventions and strategies can focus on these factors to decrease hospitalization among PLWD receiving HHC.
Clinical characterization of IRF2BPL mutation: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Lou Xiaoxia , Li Wenfeng , Pang Mend , Wang Yanqiang , Zhu Xinli , Geng Jianhong
Published: January 2025

Rationale:

IRF2BPL is an intronless gene localized to chromosome 14q24.3 that encodes an interferon regulatory factor 2 binding-like protein. In this study, we reviewed the literature on mutations in the IFR2BPL gene. In addition, we report a case of Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Degeneration, Abnormal Movements, Loss of Speech and Seizures (NEDAMSS) caused by a mutation in the IFR2BPL gene. The aim of this report is to increase clinicians’ awareness of such clinical cases.

Patient concerns:

In this report, we discuss the case of a 15-year-old male patient. The patient started with epilepsy and dystonia and was treated with antiepileptic seizure medication, then he was admitted to our hospital for recurrent seizures of epilepsy and dystonia, and the diagnosis of NEDAMSS was confirmed by whole exome genetic testing.

Diagnoses:

Exome-wide genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of NEADMSS due to IRF2BPL.

Interventions:

Exome-wide genetic testing reveals mutations in the IFR2BPL gene.

Outcomes:

Symptoms improved from before after antiepileptic seizure medication combined with drugs to improve dystonia.

Lessons:

We have come across a case of recurrent seizures of epilepsy and dystonia due to a mutation in the IFR2BPL gene for which no definitive treatment has been found. Recently, several studies have led to the discovery of a new drug for the treatment of NEDAMSS. CuII (atsm) (copper II diacetylbis(4-methylaminouracil)) (CuATSM) is a small-molecular-weight drug that can be administered orally and then used in the human body. The literature suggests that the underlying mechanism of CuATSM involves the restoration of mitochondrial function, including correction of the mitochondrial differentiation and mislocalization observed in cells from NEDAMSS patients, but extensive trials are needed to demonstrate its efficacy in IFR2BPL-related diseases.
Clinical efficacy of ulinastatin in patients with pulmonary edema: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tan Ruimin , Yan Yating , Yang Huihui , Li Qinghao , Guo He , Yang Zinan , Han Xumin , Du Quansheng
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To methodically assess the clinical impact of ulinastatin on patients suffering from pulmonary edema.

Methods:

PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) databases were searched using such keywords as ulinastatin, pulmonary edema, and randomized controlled trial (RCT). The search time was from the establishment of the database to August 2023. Two researchers were responsible for literature screening and data collection respectively. After the risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated, meta-analysis was performed using statistical software RevMan 5.4 and GRADE profiler software was used to evaluate evidence quality.

Results:

Nine RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional treatment group, the incidence of pulmonary edema of the patients in the ulinastatin group decreased, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.36 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.657), extravascular pulmonary water index (EVLWI) decreased, with mean difference (MD) of −0.75 (95% CI: −1.32, −0.17), ventilator use time decreased, with MD of −2.86 (95% CI: −0.26, 0.23), the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay decreased, with MD of −1.56 (95% CI: −1.75, −1.38). The pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) decreased in ulinastatin group, with MD of −0.10 (95% CI: −0.24, 0.03), but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Compared with conventional treatment, ulinastatin may reduce the incidence of pulmonary edema, decrease EVLWI, ventilator use time and the ICU length of stay in patients with pulmonary edema, but it could not reduce PVPI.
Diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities in nasal trauma: A comparative study
Authors: Giri Sandarva , Kirti Anila , Khan Sajjad Ahmed
Published: January 2025

In the realm of diagnostic imaging for nasal trauma, the comparative efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) vs conventional radiology has emerged as a pivotal area of investigation. In this prospective study, we investigated the efficacy of USG compared to conventional radiology in diagnosing nasal bone fractures in 81 patients presenting with suspected nasal trauma. Each patient underwent thorough clinical examination followed by X-ray and USG assessment. Our study revealed that USG offers significant advantages over conventional radiology, particularly in detecting subtle or minor nasal bone fractures. This capability is crucial as nasal fractures can vary widely in severity, with some being less apparent on traditional X-ray imaging. USG, on the other hand, excels in visualizing even trivial fractures due to its high resolution and ability to closely examine soft tissue and bone interfaces of the nose. Moreover, USG is a radiation-free imaging modality, making it particularly suitable for frequent use in diagnosing nasal fractures without concerns about cumulative radiation exposure, especially important in young patients or pregnant women. Additionally, USG provides the convenience of immediate results and the ability to produce printed documentation, which can be invaluable for medico-legal purposes.

Based on our findings, we conclude that USG represents a reliable and readily available diagnostic tool for nasal bone fractures. Its noninvasive nature, coupled with its high diagnostic accuracy for subtle fractures, supports its role as a preferred investigation method alongside clinical examination. Healthcare providers and emergency departments may benefit from incorporating USG into their diagnostic algorithms for nasal trauma, enhancing diagnostic precision and patient care outcomes. Future research could further explore the comparative effectiveness of USG against other imaging modalities in differentiating nasal bone fractures of varying severities.
Bag Technique
Authors: McGoldrick Mary
Published: January 2025

Home care clinicians have transported equipment and supplies to their patients' homes for decades using a bag that's been referred to as a “nursing bag” or “medical bag,” among others. Regardless of what the bag is called, how it and its contents are managed is essential to prevent the transmission of potentially pathogenic microorganisms from one patient's home to another when making home visits. Bag technique is a component of the standard precautions implemented in home care and an essential practice that applies to all patients receiving in-home care, regardless of their suspected or confirmed infectious state. It is a strategy deployed of infection prevention and control measures to minimize the risk of the home care bag and its contents serving as a source for pathogen transmission. Properly managing the bag and its contents reduces the risk of pathogen transmission.
Empowering Older Adults With Mobile Device Reminders for Medication Adherence
Authors: Oliver-Hamilton Georgeana , Miller Barbara A. , Forehand Jeffery Wade , Hilburn Alisha , Ash Stacey
Published: January 2025

Medication adherence in older adults is a growing concern and is a critical element in treating chronic diseases. This pilot study aimed to assess the impact of a mobile device reminder on medication adherence in those aged 60 and over. Initiating the mobile reminder proved to be beneficial in increasing medication adherence. The Adherence to Refill Medications Scale (ARMS) was used to measure medication adherence. The scale was used pre- and post-intervention. Results concluded that participants' medication adherence significantly improved using the mobile device reminder intervention. Positive outcomes with medication adherence were apparent based on participants' response in this pilot study.
The Assessment and Prevention of Medical Device-Related Pressure Injuries in the Home Health Setting
Authors: Anderson Jennifer , Norris Kimberly C. , Cooper Kim
Published: January 2025

Medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPIs) pose a significant risk in the home health environment, where patients may lack continuous professional oversight. Devices commonly used in the home environment with the potential to cause a MDRPI include but are not limited to nasogastric tubes, feeding tubes, nasal cannulas, nasal cannula prongs, airway pressure masks, indwelling urinary catheters, sequential compression devices, dressings, bandages, and tracheostomies. When a medical device is used for an extended period, it can lead to unrelieved pressure or edema, cause friction and/or shearing that impairs sensation, reduces circulation, and alters the microclimate. MDRPIs are a type of pressure injury that is preventable and considered an adverse patient safety event. Through proper education, implementing regular monitoring, and utilizing protective measures, the incidence of MDRPIs can be effectively reduced. It is imperative for nurses to remain vigilant in preventing pressure injuries, especially in patients heavily reliant on medical devices.
Transitioning to Opioid-free Anesthesia for Pediatric Supracondylar Fracture Repairs: A Patient Safety Report
Authors: Henson Laurence O. , Chiem Jennifer , Joseph Emmanuella , Patrao Fiona , Low Daniel King-Wai
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Supracondylar fractures are among the most common injuries in the pediatric population. Recently, there has been increased interest in developing opioid-free anesthetic protocols that achieve these same goals without the risks associated with opioid use, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), delayed discharges, and respiratory depression.

Methods:

Seattle Children’s Hospital implemented opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) for pediatric supracondylar fracture repairs in January 2021. This patient safety report compares the clinical outcomes of these patients to those who received intraoperative opioids. Clinical effectiveness was measured using the maximum pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), postoperative opioid rescue rates in PACU and PONV rescue rate. PACU length of stay (LOS) was chosen as a clinical balancing measure.

Results:

The opioid group (n = 464) had a mean maximum pain score of 3.39 compared with the OFA group (n = 816), which had a mean maximum of 3.70. The PACU IV opioid rescue rate for the opioid group was 38.82%, whereas the OFA group was 38.73%. The opioid group had a PONV rescue rate of 1.53%, compared with 0.23% in the OFA group. Mean LOS in the PACU was 79 minutes for the opioid group and 86 minutes for the OFA group.

Conclusions:

The shift to OFA for intraoperative management of patients’ supracondylar fracture repair resulted in similar postoperative analgesic outcomes when compared with an opioid-based approach, with a reduced PONV rate and minimal increase in LOS. Transitioning to OFA provided a safe and effective protocol for supracondylar repairs.
Foot orthosis design for children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth and impact on gait
Authors: Martel Mélissa , Parent Audrey , Émond Monique , Rivet Nancy , Fortin Carole , Ballaz Laurent
Published: January 2025

Background:

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is a progressive disease resulting in distal sensory deficit and muscular weakness. As the disease progresses, most children develop a cavovarus foot deformity. Foot orthoses (FO) are widely prescribed in CMT to support the foot and improve gait, but there is a lack of guidelines for their conception. The aim of this pilot study was to report the methodology used for the design of FO (FOmax) based on an evaluation of foot deformities and to assess its effects on gait in children with CMT.

Methods:

This study included 11 children with CMT. Participants were provided with a classic pair of FO (FOclass) and a pair of FOmax. A full evaluation of foot deformities was performed, and a decision-making algorithm was used for the FOmax design. A gait analysis was performed with both FO after 3 months of wear.

Results:

Wearing FOmax compared with FOclass increased walking speed, step length, and single stance time. Hip flexion/extension range of motion during stance also increased. The pressure-time integral decreased on the lateral midfoot with FOmax.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that the FOmax, based on the algorithm, offers benefits for walking in children with CMT. The increased step length could be related to the increase of hip range of motion. The increase in walking speed and single support times could result from a better distribution of the plantar pressure that optimizes stability during walking. The present results need to be confirmed with a larger sample.
Metabolite changes in patients with endometriosis: new potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets
Authors: Chang Ling-Yu , Hou Xin-Xin , Li Da-Jin , Wang Xiao-Qiu
Published: January 2025

Despite impressive progress being made in investigating the mechanisms underlying endometriosis, the pathophysiology of this disease remains unclear. Although typical methods used for diagnosing endometriosis such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and blood tests are available, these are also inefficient, and effective noninvasive diagnostic methods are lacking. The advances in high-throughput omics techniques has enabled metabolomics to become an effective approach for discovering promising biomarkers. The aberrant metabolism associated with serious symptoms of endometriosis in women has been revealed in recent years. Analyzing the global metabolic patterns in patients with endometriosis may help deepen the understanding of the disease mechanism and have a significant impact on future diagnostic and treatment methods for endometriosis. Herein, we reviewed relevant studies on metabolic changes in patients with endometriosis and discussed the changes in metabolites both in biological fluids and endometriosis tissues. The findings discussed in this review have potential diagnostic implications and will enhance the understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying the disease.
Simple Growth Conditions Improve Targeted Gene Deletion inCryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Watson Rebekah G. , Hole Camaron R.
Published: January 2025

Cryptococcus neoformansinfections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among AIDS patients and the third most common invasive fungal infection in organ transplant recipients. The cryptococcal cell wall is very dynamic and can be modulated depending on growth conditions. It was reported that whenC. neoformansis grown in unbuffered yeast nitrogen base (YNB) for 48 hours, the pH of the media drastically drops and the cells start to shed their cell walls. With this observation, we sought to determine if YNB-grown cells could be used directly for genetic transformation. To test this, we targetedADE2using TRACE (transient CRISPR–Cas9 coupled with electroporation) in YNB-grown or competent cells. Deletion of theADE2gene results in red-pigmented colonies allowing visual confirmation of disruption. We were able to successfully deleteADE2in YNB-grown cells and with better efficiency compared to competent cells. Recently, it was shown that gene deletion can be accomplished using short (50 bp) homology arms in place of the normal long arms (∼1 kb). However, it was inefficient, leading to more insertions and gene disruption than gene deletions. We tested short homology with YNB-grown cells vs. competent cells and found gene deletion was significantly improved in YNB-grown cells, around 60%, compared to around 6% with the competent cells. This was also observed when we deleted LAC1 with the short arms. Altogether, using simple growth conditions, we have greatly improved the speed and efficiency of cryptococcal genetic transformations.

Importance

The World Health Organization recently rankedC. neoformansas the #1 highest-priority fungal pathogen based on unmet research and development needs and public health importance. Understanding cryptococcal pathogenicity is key for developing treatments. We found that using simple growth conditions can greatly improve the speed and efficiency of cryptococcal genetic transformations. This finding will advance the field by expanding the ease of cryptococcal genetic manipulations.
Ultra-sensitive detection ofPhytophthora pluvialisby real-time PCR targeting a mitochondrial gene
Authors: O’Neill R. , McLay E. , Leite L. Nunes , Panda P. , Pérez-Sierra A. , Eacock A. , Le Boldus J. M. , Stamm E. A. , Fraser S. , McDougal R. L.
Published: January 2025

Phytophthora pluvialisis a forest tree pathogen present in the USA, New Zealand, UK and Belgium. Reported hosts include Douglas-fir in the USA, New Zealand, UK and Belgium, as well as tanoak in the USA, radiata pine in New Zealand, Japanese larch and western hemlock in the UK. Disease symptoms range from needle lesions and casting on radiata pine through to twig and stem cankers, and crown dieback on western hemlock, Douglas-fir and Japanese larch. Current detection methods rely on isolation and culture, or PCR using a single-copy gene target with limited sensitivity at low pathogen titre. A qPCR assay targeting a multiple-copy mitochondrial gene was designed to increase sensitivity ofP. pluvialisdetection in forest samples, critical for informing biosecurity, long term disease management and ongoing research. The resulting assay has a detection limit of 12.8 fg mycelial DNA and can detect the pathogen on average 6.12 qPCR cycles before the single-copy target assay. In New Zealand forest samples, the assay was found to consistently detectP. pluvialisin all stages of radiata pine needle disease symptoms from early asymptomatic infection through to fully cast needles. The new assay allowed for asymptomatic detection ofP. pluvialisin radiata pine needle samples four weeks before visual symptoms of disease were observed. The availability of a highly sensitive assay has also enabled rapid and confident diagnostic support of the biosecurity response in the UK during recent detection ofP. pluvialis. The assay has been used in applications requiring detection at low pathogen titre levels including asymptomatic infection, stream baiting, cast needles and during biosecurity responses, making it a useful tool for effective early detection and management ofP. pluvialisin affected forests.
Susceptibility of bacterial species commonly found in abdominal abscesses to low-dose photodynamic therapy: Effects of methylene blue concentration, fluence rate, and fluence
Authors: Hawryluk Darrian S. , Pavelka Martin S. , Baran Timothy M.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of methylene blue (MB) concentration, laser fluence rate, and laser fluence on efficacy ofin vitrophotodynamic therapy (PDT) for four bacteria commonly found in human abscesses.

Materials and Methods

PDT experiments were performed with four of the most common bacteria found in abdominal abscesses:Escherichia coli(E. coli),Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis),Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), andPseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa). MB concentration was varied from 50-300 µg/mL, and laser fluence rate was varied from 1-4 mW/cm2at a fluence of 7.2 J/cm2. Higher fluence rates and fluences were explored forP. aeruginosa. Primary outcomes were reduction in colony forming units (CFU) following PDT, and measured MB uptake following drug incubation.

Results

Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalisandS. aureus) were eradicated at all MB concentrations and laser fluence rates tested. Efficacy was reduced forE. coli, but still resulted in >6 log10reduction in CFU when MB concentration was at least 100 µg/mL.P. aeruginosarequired higher fluence (28.8 J/cm2) to achieve comparable efficacy, while increasing fluence rate did not have a significant effect on PDT efficacy. MB uptake was reduced in Gram-negative species compared to Gram-positive, particularlyP. aeruginosa, although uptake was not significantly correlated with CFU reduction.

Conclusions

Gram-positive bacteria can be eradicatedin vitrowith low levels of MB (50 µg/mL), laser fluence (7.2 J/cm2), and laser fluence rate (1 mW/cm2).E. colishowed substantial cell killing (>6 log10CFU reduction) with these same parameters. Low MB uptake and PDT efficacy inP. aeruginosacould be overcome by increasing the laser fluence, while increasing fluence rate did not have an effect.
Equity-Enhanced Glaucoma Progression Prediction from OCT with Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Afolabi Sulaiman O. , Gheisi Leila , Shan Jing , Shen Lucy Q. , Wang Mengyu , Shi Min
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To develop an equitable deep learning model with knowledge distillation to enhance the demographic equity in glaucoma progression prediction.

Methods

We developed a novel deep learning model called FairDist which used baseline optical coherency tomography (OCT) scans to predict glaucoma progression. First, an equity-aware EfficientNet termed EqEffNet was trained for glaucoma detection. Next, the pretrained detection model was adapted for progression prediction using knowledge distillation which minimizes image and identity feature differences between the detection and progression models. Progression was defined based on longitudinal visual field maps from at least five visits up to six years. Model performance was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Sensitivity, Specificity, and equity was assessed using equity-scaled AUC (ES-AUC), which adjusts AUC by accounting for subgroup disparities, focusing on gender and racial groups.

Results

Two types of glaucoma progression including mean deviation (MD) Fast progression and Total Deviation (TD) Pointwise progression were explored. For MD Fast Progression, FairDist achieved the highest AUC and ES-AUC for gender (AUC: 0.738, ES-AUC: 0.693) and race (AUC: 0.778, ES-AUC: 0.677) compared with methods with and without integrating inequity mitigation strategies. For TD Pointwise progression, FairDist achieved the best AUC and ES-AUC for gender (AUC: 0.743, ES-AUC: 0.719) and race (AUC: 0.746, ES-AUC: 0.645) among all methods.

Conclusions

FairDist enhances both model performance and equity in glaucoma progression prediction after integrating the equity-aware learning and knowledge distillation components. The proposed deep learning model shows promise in improving glaucoma diagnosis while reducing disparities across demographic groups.
AncestryHub: A web server for local ancestry analysis
Authors: Jiang Sukun , Deng Yangyang , Li Shuxin , Liu Changsheng Jonathan , Luo Jianjun , Zhu Xiaojun , Song George D. , Zhang Kui , Song Qing , Ma Li
Published: January 2025

AncestryHub is a web version of local ancestry analysis software. It contains four built-in software and a set of built-in population reference panels. AncestryHub will significantly reduce the efforts and requirements for the users on their personal computational skills and computational hardware environment for ancestry analysis.

Availability

https://www.ancestryhub.4dgenome.com

Contact:lima@4dgenome.com
The Drosophila EGF domain protein Uninflatable sets the switch between wrapping glia growth and axon wrapping instructed by Notch
Authors: Baldenius Marie , Kautzmann Steffen , Kottmeier Rita , Klämbt Christian
Published: January 2025

In the peripheral nervous system, sensory and motor axons are generally covered by wrapping glial cell processes. This neuron-glia interaction requires an intricate coordination of glial growth and differentiation. How this is controlled molecularly is largely unknown. At the example of Drosophila larval nerves, we show that glial growth is initially triggered by the FGF-receptor tyrosine kinase Heartless (Htl). In a screen for genes acting downstream of activated FGF-receptor, we identified the large membrane protein Uninflatable (Uif), which supports the formation of plasma membrane domains but not axon wrapping. Uif is also known to inhibit Notch. Surprisingly, we find that Notch signaling is required in postmitotic wrapping glia. While compromisedNotchsignaling results in a reduced wrapping efficiency, gain ofNotchactivity in wrapping glial cells leads to a hyperwrapping phenotype. Thus, Notch signaling is both necessary and sufficient for glial wrapping in Drosophila larvae. In addition,Notchsuppresses bothuifandhtlfunction and thus stabilizes the switch between growth and differentiation. Given the general conservation of signaling mechanisms controlling glia development in mice and flies, similar mechanisms may act in the mammalian nervous system to control final glial differentiation.