bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering Exemplary Leadership: The Role of Local Wisdom in Cultivating Positive School Climate
Authors: Astuti Wina , Rahman Bujang , Hariri Hasan , Aryani Farida , Poniman Poniman , Kamal Faisal
Published: January 2025

Exemplary Leadership (EL) is the basis for building a school environment in an educational landscape that never stops developing. However, we found that the School Climate (SC) we fight for had not been gotten yet. This study examines the dynamic interactions between EL, Piil Pesenggiri (PP), and SC in educational settings in Indonesia. The research was designed in a quantitative survey, with data collected via Google Forms. The respondents included principals and teachers from 15 districts in Lampung Province. The results of data processing assisted by SEM Amos 23 showed that EL had a direct effect on PP (.800) and a significant impact on SC (.021). EL shows a large and strong direct influence on PP but the influence on SC is 0.21, it turns out that the impact of EL on SC increases to .053 through PP. In this way, PP becomes a mediator for the influence of EL on SC, where PP is local wisdom. The results of this research open up a new understanding of the importance of integrating local wisdom into leadership development programs and coaching potential leaders to navigate and improve the quality of the school climate. This research contributes to school management practices for policymakers, administrators, and practitioners seeking to develop effective educational leadership practices.
The Escalating AI’s Energy Demands and the Imperative Need for Sustainable Solutions
Authors: Leon Maikel
Published: January 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, represent a significant advancement in contemporary Artificial Intelligence (AI), demonstrating remarkable natural language processing, customer service automation, and knowledge representation capabilities. However, these advancements come with substantial energy costs. The training and deployment of LLMs require extensive computational resources, leading to escalating energy consumption and environmental impacts. This paper explores the driving factors behind the high energy demands of LLMs through the lens of the Technology Environment Organization (TEO) framework, assesses their ecological implications, and proposes sustainable strategies for mitigating these challenges. Specifically, we explore algorithmic improvements, hardware innovations, renewable energy adoption, and decentralized approaches to AI training and deployment. Our findings contribute to the literature on sustainable AI and provide actionable insights for industry stakeholders and policymakers.
Determining the Degree of Preference Liking and Effectiveness of DMUs over a Long Period of Time by Means of a New Approach based on the Cross Efficiency Value Chain in Harmony with Fuzzy Arithmetic
Authors: Nazarko Blerta (Kristo)
Published: January 2025

In this paper, an alternative approach is presented for the evaluation of the likeability preference and effectiveness of DMUs, based on the DEA and fuzzy DEA models. In the magnitudes of variable values according to input-output levels, over the time period, some have not completely clear (fuzzy) values obtained from perceptions and surveys. For a more realistic assessment of effectiveness and determination of the degree of preference liking, to avoid accidental fluctuation values, and to get as close as possible to the trend of the process's progress, dynamic analysis of smoothing of the time series is applied to the input-output value levels. This is done according to a k-order moving average, determining the new levels of the input-output values. The approach is applied in two phases. In the first phase, the efficiency value chain matrix is determined, applying conventional DEA models with constant and variable returns to scale, evaluation of super efficiencies, fuzzy efficiency, and cross-efficiency. The data and the comparison of the models are analyzed, focusing in particular on the cross-efficiency value chain. In the second phase, fuzzy triangular numbers are composed of of the chain of cross-efficiency values for each DMU. Then based on fuzzy arithmetic as well as the concept given by the geometric probability model is determined and the transition matrix of the degree of preference liking, the evaluation of the ranking is obtained according to the degree of preference liking of each DMU in relation to other DMUs. In the paper, the contributions of the approach to the evaluation of the effectiveness and the degree of preference liking with the relevant conclusions are highlighted.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПРАКТИК MLOPS В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ОТРАСЛИ
Authors: Серов О.И.
Published: January 2025

Целью данной статьи является анализ возможностей и ограничений использования практик MLOps в сельскохозяйственной отрасли.
ОСТРЫЕ И ХРОНИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ: НЕРЕШЕННАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА ХРОНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Карпин В.А. , Шувалова О.И.
Published: January 2025

На протяжении долгого времени продолжается дискуссия вокруг проблемы хронизации острых заболеваний внутренних органов. Продолжает обсуждаться возможность перехода острых заболеваний в хронические. Представленные материалы являются авторской попыткой доказать, что острые и хронические заболевания являются самостоятельными патологическими процессами, развивающимися по своим внутренним законами. Хроническое заболевание изначально развивается как хронический патологический процесс, и возможность хронизации острого заболевания подвергается сомнению.
РАЗРАБОТКА СИСТЕМЫ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ПАРАМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ 3D-МОДЕЛЕЙ ОБЪЕКТОВ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ НА ОСНОВЕ АЛГОРИТМОВ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Брыков А.В.
Published: January 2025

разработка системы генерации параметрических 3D-моделей объектов архитектуры на основе алгоритмов машинного обучения является актуальной задачей для повышения эффективности проектирования в архитектуре. Использование машинного обучения позволяет автоматизировать создание моделей, ускоряя процесс проектирования и улучшая точность.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ И ПАЛЕОСТРУКТУРНЫЕ ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СРЕДНЕ-ВЕРХНЕФРАНСКИХ ОРГАНОГЕННЫХ ПОСТРОЕК В ПРЕДЕЛАХ ВОЛГОГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Имамов Р.Р.
Published: January 2025

Волгоградская область, несмотря на достаточную выработанность основного числа месторождений, представляет высокий интерес с точки зрения перспектив нефтегазоносности. Вовлечению ее сырьевой углеводородной базы в процесс добычи будет способствовать научно-обоснованная стратегия геологоразведочных работ, направленная, в том числе, и на средне-верхнефранские отложения. В статье приводятся результаты анализа особенностей геологического развития и палеоструктурные предпосылки формирования средне-верхнефранских органогенных построек в пределах области, раскрывающие поисковый потенциал этих отложений.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ МОТИВАЦИЕЙ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МЧС РОССИИ, КАК ФАКТОР ПРОЦЕССА ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ
Authors: Юсупов С.В. , Маринич Е.Е.
Published: January 2025

Физическая подготовка в системе Министерства чрезвычайных ситуаций России представляет собой важный аспект профессиональной подготовки сотрудников. В современных условиях, когда от оперативности и эффективности действий спасателей зависит жизнь и здоровье людей, специфика физической подготовки требует особого внимания. В этом контексте управление мотивацией обучающихся становится ключевым фактором, существенно влияющим на эффективность процесса физической подготовки.
ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЕ ТЕЛЕФОННЫМ МОШЕННИКАМ
Authors: Селезнёва Е.В. , Соловьев А.А. , Филимонова О.А. , Бисембаева З.Н.
Published: January 2025

Сегодня фактически каждое второе имущественное преступление совершается с использованием сети Интернет и телекоммуникационных технологий. Злоумышленники идут на все и постоянно совершенствуют методы обмана. Потери омичей от действий телефонных мошенников за 2024 год превышает 1 миллиард рублей. Главным методом борьбы с дистанционным обманом по-прежнему остается профилактика.
НЕОИМПРЕССИОНИЗМ – ТЕХНИКА РИСОВАНИЯ В КОРРЕКЦИИ НЕГАТИВНЫХ ПСИХИЧЕСКИХ СОСТОЯНИЙ У ШКОЛЬНИКОВ С ОВЗ
Authors: Красильникова Э.В.
Published: January 2025

В настоящее время у детей школьного возраста отмечается повышенный уровень тревожности, лабильности, невротизации. Неоимпрессионизм – техника рисования способствует созданию и сохранению эмоционального благополучия и психологического комфорта. Этот вид художественного творчества является отличным средством для снижения нервно-психического напряжения, нормализации настроения, актуализации положительных эмоциональных состояний.
EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AERIAL VEHICLES IN SURVEILLANCE RADAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Hladishchuk O. , Misailov V.
Published: January 2025

The article addresses the critical issue of recognizing and identifying aerial vehicles, which plays a pivotal role in modern defense systems, particularly in the context of the ongoing russian-ukrainian war. The paper provides a comprehensive review of existing methods and approaches aimed at solving this problem. These methods include radar signature analysis, spectral analysis, trajectory-based identification, and the use of machine learning algorithms. Each approach is thoroughly examined, highlighting its strengths and limitations.
The study emphasizes the significance of accurate recognition and identification of adversary aerial threats, such as drones, aircraft, and decoy targets, as these pose a significant challenge to air defense systems. The article underlines that traditional methods, such as trajectory-based identification, often fail to distinguish between real threats and decoy targets in complex operational environments, necessitating the development of more advanced solutions. Among the innovative approaches proposed, the use of autocorrelation function analysis of radar signals is highlighted as a promising method for aerial vehicle recognition and identification. This method allows for the extraction of unique features from radar signals, enabling more precise differentiation between various types of aerial targets. The article presents a detailed analysis of this method, discussing its advantages, including improved accuracy and reliability, and its potential to operate effectively under conditions of electronic warfare and signal interference. However, the study also acknowledges the technical constraints of the proposed method, such as the computational complexity involved in real-time signal processing and the need for high-quality radar data. These limitations are discussed in detail, alongside potential strategies for mitigating them, such as optimizing signal processing algorithms and leveraging advancements in radar technology. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of further research and development in the field of aerial vehicle recognition and identification. It calls for the integration of advanced analytical techniques, such as autocorrelation function analysis, into modern radar systems to enhance their capability to counter evolving aerial threats effectively. The findings and recommendations presented in the study provide valuable insights for improving air defense systems in the face of contemporary challenges.
FORMAÇÃO EM HABILIDADES SOCIAIS EDUCATIVAS PARA PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: LEVANTAMENTO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS RELEVANTES
Authors: Godoy Ana Paula Bissi , Dias Talita Pereira
Published: January 2025

O professor tem fundamental importância no desenvolvimento socioemocional dos alunos e desenvolver habilidades sociais educativas pode favorecer que o professor desempenhe esse papel. No entanto, na maioria das vezes, tal profissional não é capacitado para isso em sua formação inicial. Sendo assim, são necessárias capacitações e assessorias nessa área. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo levantar aspectos relevantes, na perspectiva do professor, que seriam a base para o planejamento de uma capacitação potencialmente atrativa, viável e efetiva. Para coletar os dados foi elaborado um questionário com perguntas respondidas por professores de crianças em idade pré-escolar de escolas de Educação Infantil. Os resultados indicaram que as características positivas de uma capacitação citadas pelos professores foram: tema estar de acordo com a realidade escolar, serem práticas e dinâmicas, e ter conteúdos atualizados e profissionais capacitados. Já as características negativas mencionadas foram: assuntos já tratados em capacitações anteriores, pouco dinâmica e interativa e o tema não condizer com o cotidiano escolar. Quanto aos temas de maior interesse pelos professores, foram mencionados: a ludicidade no âmbito escolar, estratégias para a educação inclusiva e indisciplina. Esses achados trazem subsídios para planejamento de capacitação em habilidades sociais com maior potencial de atratividade, engajamento e efetividade para os professores, os quais poderão desenvolver habilidades educativas que possibilitem criar situações interativas e educativas para desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais em seus alunos, ainda em idade pré-escolar.
C3 MINER TEXT: UMA FERRAMENTA PARA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE COMPONENTES CURRICULARES DE QUESTÕES DO ENADE
Authors: Souza Kátia Emanuelly de , Toledo Gabriel Pinto , Neto Milton Miranda , Villela Maria Lúcia Bento , Lana Cristiane Aparecida
Published: January 2025

A mineração de texto e os algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina são ferramentas essenciais para a classificação de textos e a descoberta de padrões em dados educacionais. Embora diversas pesquisas sobre o ENADE se concentrem principalmente na análise de microdados, pouco se explora da relação entre as questões aplicadas e os componentes curriculares e a Taxonomia de Bloom. Este capítulo teve como objetivo analisar e classificar as questões do ENADE, visando alinhar os componentes curriculares e a Taxonomia de Bloom com as provas e oferecer suporte à tomada de decisões para gestores educacionais. Com o uso do framework CRISP-DM, foram analisados os dados das últimas cinco edições do ENADE do curso de Engenharia da Computação. Os resultados apontaram que os núcleos das componentes curriculares mais frequentemente abordados nas provas foram “Núcleo_Computação” que incluem disciplinas básicas e “Desenvolvimento_Pessoal” que abordam disciplinas optativas e tópicos especiais. Em relação à taxonomia de Bloom, os níveis mais recorrentes nas provas são: conhecimento, compreensão e aplicação no método data split; e análise, compreensão e conhecimento no método stratified k-fold.
A Fractional Mathematical Model for Controlling and Understanding Transmission Dynamics in Computer Virus Management Systems
Authors: Yunus Akeem Olarewaju , Olayiwola Morufu Oyedunsi , Ajileye Adewole Mukaila
Published: January 2025

The constant danger of computer viruses and malware makes it difficult to safely simulate the management of computer systems over time for both networks and individual users. The present study proposes a novel six-compartment fractional model that builds on existing classical frameworks and examines the existence and uniqueness of its solution, indicating that it is both mathematically and biologically well-posed. Additionally, we compute the fundamental reproduction number R0 and use sensitivity analysis to investigate the impact of various factors on the model's behavior. The Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method is employed for numerical analysis, and its findings have the potential to transform computer security and network management by providing robust countermeasures and eradication tactics. The complex properties of the fractional-order model are further explored by examining the memory effect of fractional order on system dynamics. The research findings offer valuable insights for virus managers in developing and implementing effective management methods and can successfully prevent the spread of computer viruses by leveraging these discoveries. In conclusion, this study provides significant insights and solutions for protecting the integrity of digital domains and network infrastructure.
Mathematical Model of SAR-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Coinfection within Host with CTL-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Khumaeroh Mia Siti , Nuwari Najmudin , Erianto Elvi Syukrina , Rizka Nela
Published: January 2025

Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus within a host poses a unique challenge in understanding immunological dynamics, especially the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mediating the immune response. This work present a mathematical model to examine the dynamics of coinfection within a host, highlighting CTL-mediated immunity. Generally, this model encompasses several compartments, including epithelial cells, free viruses, and CTLs specific of both SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A. The basic properties of the model, equilibrum state analysis, stability using the Lyapunov function, and numerical simulations are examined to investigate the dynamics behavior of the model. Eight equilibrium states are identified: the virus-free equilibrium (E0), single SARS-CoV-2 infection without CTLs (E1), single Influenza A virus infection without CTLs (E2), single SARS-CoV-2 infection with SARS-CoV-2-specific CTLs (E3), single Influenza A virus infection with Influenza A virus-specific CTLs (E4), SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus coinfection with SARS-CoV-2-specific CTLs (E5), SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus coinfection with Influenza A virus-specific CTLs (E6), and SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus coinfection with both SARS-CoV-2-specific and Influenza A virus-specific CTLs (E7). The existence and stability regions for each equilibrium state are determined and represented in the R1-R2 plane as threshold functions within the model. Numerical simulations confirm the results of the qualitative analysis, demonstrating that CTLs specific to SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus can be activated, reducing the number of infected epithelial cells as well as inhibiting virus transmission within epithelial cells. Furthermore, analysis of parameter changes shows that increasing the proliferation rate of epithelial cells and CTLs, while lowering the virus formation rate, can shift the system's stability threshold and stabilize it at the virus-free equilibrium.
Modeling the Underwater Operation Robot Shape and Area of Thrust Surface in Agricultural Ponds Based on CFD Simulation
Authors: Chhoung Yoeng , Tian Zhiwei , Ma Wei , Eang Khy Eam , Pen Sytharith , Chhuon Kong
Published: January 2025

The underwater operation robot is an effective solution for addressing the inefficiencies and labor-intensive practices of traditional agricultural water management methods. This study aims to enhance efficiency, productivity, and resource utilization in agricultural water management by designing and analyzing an underwater-operated robot. Using SolidWorks software, the robot undergoes comprehensive stress and strain simulations to evaluate structural integrity and propeller performance, while computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations assess hydrodynamic performance and flow characteristics. Results from structural analysis at a depth of 3 meters reveal stress values ranging from 3.531e-07 N/m² to 3.076e+05 N/m² on the robot’s body, with minimal displacement (1.000e-30 mm to 4.634e-03 mm) and no material yielding. At 3500 rpm, stress simulations demonstrate rear propeller stress ranging from 1.921e-01 N/m² to 1.139e+05 N/m², with displacement (1.000e-30 mm to 1.9993e-04 mm), ensuring structural safety. Similarly, left and right propellers exhibit stress values from 1.202e-01 N/m² to 1.269e+05 N/m², with displacement (1.000e-30 mm to 1.545e-04 mm), confirming structural integrity. CFD simulations depict velocity (ranging from 0.895 to 3.582 m/s) and pressure (ranging from 98,021.83 to 105,498.84 Pa) variations for different movements, such as forward motion, turning left, and turning right. These simulations offer valuable insights into the robot's performance in agricultural water management. The research presents an underwater-operated robot as a promising solution for agricultural water management, offering enhanced efficiency, automation, and resource optimization, potentially reducing labor costs
CFD Assessment for Small UAV Propeller Aerodynamics
Authors: Arafat Mohammad , Ishak Izuan Amin , Mohd Maruai Nurshafinaz , Muhammad Razif Muhammad Rusydi , Mohd Sakri Fadhilah , Anugraha Rino Andias
Published: January 2025

This study investigates UAV propeller aerodynamics, focusing on key parameters such as mesh resolutions, timestep sizes, rotational speeds and RANS turbulence models. Through comprehensive CFD simulations, the aerodynamic performance of the propeller is assessed across operating conditions from 3,000 to 8,000 RPM. We analyse mesh resolutions ranging from coarse to fine, finding that finer meshes yield more accurate thrust and torque predictions but increase computational costs. Timestep sizes of 0.5°, 1°, 5° and 10° are evaluated, with smaller timesteps offering finer temporal resolution at the expense of additional resources. The thrust and torque coefficients reveal a clear relationship between RPM and aerodynamic performance. Our findings suggest that medium mesh resolution discovers a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy. Differences between experimental and simulation data, especially at higher RPMs, are linked to geometric simplifications in the simulation. This research offers valuable insights for selecting appropriate mesh and timestep sizes, which are crucial for ensuring computational accuracy and resource efficiency
The Role of Public Relations in Improving the Quality of Education in Schools
Authors: Afandi Muhammad Abdulloh , Muadin Akhmad , Ridani Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Public relations (PR) has a strategic role in supporting the improvement of education quality. As one of the indicators of education quality is the involvement of all stakeholders in the education process, this is where PR actively builds relationships with stakeholders. This research aims to explore and describe the role of PR in improving the quality of education at SD Islam Alam (SDIA) Al-Fatah Samarinda, focusing on the role of PR. This type of research is field research using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation. The research subjects include the headmaster, PR staff, teachers, and parents. The results of the research show that PR has an important role in improving the quality of education at SDIA Al-Fatah Samarinda. The roles of PR include: (1) building a positive school image through various promotional and publication activities, (2) increasing parent and community involvement in school activities, (3) managing effective communication between the school and local government, and (4) appropriately handling crises and emerging issues. The implementation of effective PR strategies positively impacts increasing parental participation, student motivation, and community trust in the school. This research is expected to contribute insights into the role of PR in improving education quality, serving as a reference for other educational institutions in optimizing the role of PR.
Strategic Management of Dormitory Facilities in Islamic Educational Institutions: Enhancing Student Discipline and Academic Achievement
Authors: Taufiq Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Dormitory facilities in Islamic educational institutions play a pivotal role in fostering discipline and supporting academic achievement among students. However, many institutions face challenges in maintaining effective management due to limited resources and inconsistent policies. This study aims to explore the strategic management of dormitory facilities and its impact on student discipline and academic achievement. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis at Dalwa 4 dormitory, Pondok Pesantren Darullughah Wadda’wah. The findings reveal that strategic planning, resource optimization, leadership practices, and student engagement programs are key factors in achieving effective dormitory management. Structured routines and transformational leadership approaches significantly enhance discipline, while well-maintained facilities and engagement activities contribute to improved academic outcomes. Additionally, mnemonic techniques were found to reduce student anxiety and support learning retention. This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework that integrates strategic planning, leadership, and engagement practices for holistic student development. It offers practical recommendations for administrators to optimize dormitory management and suggests future research to include multi-institutional and mixed-method approaches for broader generalization.
Economic consequences of the phenomenon of uberization on the example of the services of selected carriers in the transport industry
Authors: Stępnicka Nina , Monastyrskyi Grygorii , Sadowska Beata , Walasek Robert , Wiączek Paulina , Zimon Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

Uberization is a process, phenomenon, trend, and direction that emerged in the 21st century economy thanks to Uber Technologies, Inc., which was the first to introduce a mobile application that connects drivers and passengers. Although the name of the trend was not formalized by the Uber corporation, it appeared a few years later to describe certain dependencies that emerged in the economy and that gained importance not only in the field of transportation services, but also in the field of finance, in the labor market, or in relation to the real estate market. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the progressive phenomenon of uberization on the competitiveness of the transportation industry in the pre-pandemic period and in the post-pandemic period. The study assumed the hypothesis that carpooling services, which are one of the important models of uberization, implemented in Poland through the BlaBlaCar app, can be a significant competitor to transportation services provided through traditional forms and models of communication, i.e., train and bus connections. The results of the study showed that BlaBlaCar services are a cheaper alternative to other means of transportation, i.e., public transport (Polskie Koleje Państwowe, PKP Intercity) and bus connections, although not always. As a rule, their competitiveness is higher for those routes and trips where there are many drivers offering free space in the car. On the other hand, on the routes less frequently visited by BlaBlaCar drivers, fares with a BlaBlaCar driver are higher than rail and bus fares. The considerations of the article meet the objectives of the cognitive goal and the application goal and showed that uberization in the transport industry is a significant phenomenon that is still developing and, in the future, may threaten traditional forms of transport, i.e., rail and bus travel.
A Dual Active Black Hole Candidate with Mass Ratio ~7:1 in a Disk Galaxy
Authors: Cao Xiao , Chen Yan-Mei , Shi Yong , Wang Junfeng , Zhou Zhijie , Bao Min , Gu Qiusheng , Moiseev Alexei , Ho Luis C. , Wang Lan , Zeng Guangquan
Published: January 2025

Dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with comparable masses are commonly witnessed among the major merged galaxies with interaction remnants. Considering almost every massive galaxy is associated with multiple dwarf satellites around it, minor mergers involving galaxies with disproportional stellar masses should be much more common than major mergers, which would naturally lead to black hole (BH) pairs with significantly different masses. However, dual AGNs generated by minor mergers involving one or two dwarf galaxies are exceptionally rare and understudied. Moreover, good estimates of the masses of both BHs are not yet available to test this idea. Here we report the evidence of a dual AGN candidate with mass ratio ~7:1 located in an undisturbed disk galaxy. We identify the central BH with mass of 9.4 × 106
M
⊙ from its radio emission as well as AGN-driven galactic-scale biconical outflows. The off-centered BH generates obvious broad and narrow emission-line regions, which gives us a robust estimation of a 1.3 × 106
M
⊙ BH mass. We explore alternative scenarios for explaining the observational features of this system, including the complex gas kinematics triggered by central AGN activity and dust attenuation of the broad-line region of the central BH, finding that they failed to fully account for the kinematics of both the redshifted off-centered broad and narrow emission-line components.
Du trauma psychique au traumatisme addictif
Authors: Ravit Magali
Published: January 2025

L’addiction est une préoccupation de santé publique. En matière d’évaluation et d’orientation de la prise en charge, les outils projectifs sont précieux puisqu’ils contribuent à donner une lecture complexe et nuancée du trauma et du sens de la problématique traumatique sans la rabattre sur la seule saisie du symptôme. L’article est issu d’une expérience clinique de psychologue exerçant en détention. Dans ces configurations cliniques, le recours aux comportements d’assuétude n’est pas une activité récréative gouvernée par la recherche de plaisir. Elle correspond davantage à l’éviction de l’empreinte traumatique autrement plus délétère. Le lien à l’objet d’assuétude se présente alors comme un organisateur du trauma par le traumatisme addictif. Aussi, l’article propose dans un premier temps de reprendre quelques jalons et particularités des expressions traumatiques dans la clinique de l’addiction pour ensuite envisager l’addiction à partir de la « cyclicité traumatique » tenant lieu d’une rythmicité interne inopérante. Enfin, l’expérience traumatique est considérée à partir de son affect extrême, l’effroi.
Précarité alimentaire des étudiants : la publicisation d’une urgence sociale
Authors: Bardou-Boisnier Sylvie , Ouattara Mahaman , Pailliart Isabelle
Published: January 2025

La précarité alimentaire des étudiants, révélée au moment de l’épidémie de Covid-19, s’est présentée comme une urgence sociale à laquelle divers acteurs nationaux et locaux ont tenté d’apporter des réponses. Cette situation a focalisé l’attention publique et médiatique, elle n’a cependant pas donné lieu à l’émergence d’un espace public de discussion et de controverses en vue d’une évolution. L’objectif de l’article est d’étudier à travers l’analyse des stratégies d’information et de communication de divers acteurs, la place des urgences sociales dans l’espace public afin de comprendre de quelle manière ces dernières sont limitées à des actions ponctuelles et souvent techniques ne permettant pas de transformer ce sujet en problème public.
Des enjeux d’une recherche sur l’alimentation au travail dans le cadre de la politique RSE d’une entreprise industrielle
Authors: Heller Thomas , Sevin Élodie , Leone Fabiola
Published: January 2025

Cet article propose une lecture d’une recherche-action en contexte industriel sur l’alimentation au travail, motivée par des préoccupations sanitaires, du point de vue de ses enjeux. Il met en exergue trois catégories d’enjeux, selon qu’ils portent sur la recherche et ses finalités, sur la recherche en train de se faire, ou sur l’objet de la recherche, soit l’alimentation. À travers cette typologie, l’article met en évidence la pluralité des enjeux impliqués dans une recherche en SHS et les tensions qui les traversent. Il interroge également la place du chercheur pris dans un cadre proche de celui de la commande, et dont le rôle dépasse celui de simple observateur et de collecteur de données. Cet article réaffirme les dimensions politiques et idéologiques d’une préoccupation pour l’alimentation portée par une direction et incarnée par des chercheurs engagés sur le terrain.
Evaluation of the Application Effect of Intelligent Teaching Systems in Mathematics Education
Authors: Chen Yang
Published: January 2025

With the rapid advancement of information technology, the Intelligent Teaching System (ITS) has emerged as a pivotal tool in mathematics education. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ITS by exploring its impact on personalized learning, increased student interaction and participation, intelligent assessment and feedback, teacher support, and resource optimization. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study examines the specific effects of ITS on student learning outcomes, satisfaction, and overall teaching efficiency. Focusing on key aspects such as adaptive learning pathways, real-time feedback, and enhanced engagement, this paper highlights how ITS can revolutionize traditional teaching approaches, thereby improving both teaching quality and student performance.
ABC’s of Creating a Modern Clinical Learning Environment to Support Learner Growth
Authors: Surapaneni K. M.
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
Predict the Symptoms and Signs Using the Basic Sciences Knowledge: A Novel Approach to Teach Neuroanatomy
Authors: Wickramarathna Amila Madhubhashani
Published: January 2025

Teaching neuroanatomy to pre-clinical stage medical students can be a challenging task due to the complexity and intricacy of the subject matter. In this article, I share an experience of a novel approach to teaching neuroanatomy by guiding students to predict symptoms and signs by identifying the affected structure. This unique approach aims to enhance the medical students' understanding and retention of neuroanatomy concepts, ultimately leading to better clinical application.
Revitalizing Domestic Semiconductor Manufacturing: Challenges, Opportunities and Emerging Applications
Authors: Litecky Mark
Published: January 2025

• 60% of microelectronics devices will be on 65 nm

or higher platforms through 2030*

• Investments are concentrated at the leading edge

• Mature nodes offer a base on which advanced

emerging technologies can be layered

• Advanced Packaging is an opportunity to advance

the leading edge of semiconductor technology
Enabling Heterogenous Integration Through Chiplet Architectures
Authors: Dhavaleswarapu Hemanth
Published: January 2025

Advanced packaging enabled chiplet architectures are increasingly adopted to drive performance and cost improvements. New heterogeneous architectures like 2.5D Fanout, 3D and 3.5D Hybrid bonded architectures driving AMD’s industry leading advanced technology roadmap will be shared. Other topics including chiplets for AI, challenges and solutions for large chiplet modules, etc. will also be discussed.
Application of Picosecond Acoustic Metrology for monitoring Metal Films in Advanced Packaging
Authors: Mehendale M. , Park K. , Han Y. T. , Dai J. , Kim C. , Antonelli G. A. , Mukundhan P.
Published: January 2025

High-performance computing applications such as artificial intelligence, and machine learning require massive amount of parallel processing requiring significant memory bandwidth. High bandwidth memory (HBM) solutions have been optimized to enable such applications. HBM consists of core DRAM die and a logic buffer die in a vertically stacked 3D structure. Customers are adopting front-end solutions to meet the shrinking process tolerances and to meet the stringent reliability requirements. [1]

Picosecond acoustic metrology is a well-established technique for in-line measurements [2-3] and can be applied to meet the challenges of advanced packaging applications. In this paper, we shall present system-level improvements and specific use cases that have accelerated adoption of the technology in fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) and in the HBM process loop. In the FOWLP process, re-distribution lines (RDL) play a critical role in how I/Os are connected and measuring RDL thickness before and after copper seed etch is necessary as it impacts line resistance and leakage current. In the TSV process loop, multi-layer metal stack such as gold/nickel/copper is used to form pads for bonding to the micropillar. The thickness of each of the layers plays a critical role in reliability performance and hence in-line process control requires layer to layer thickness monitoring is. Similarly, in the microbump process flow, controlling copper seed/barrier thickness is critical as the relative bump heights will vary as a function of the copper seed thickness variation impacting bump co-planarity [4-5].

References

1. S. Ha, S. Lee, GH. Bae, DS. Lee, S.H. Kim, BW. Woo, N-H Lee, YS. Lee and S. Pae, “Reliability Characterization of HBM featuring HK+MG Logic Chip with Multi-stacked DRAMs,” 2023 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS), May 2023 2. J. Dai., J. Chen, M. Mehendale, M. Alves, J. Ding, F. Shen, R. Mair, A. Hegde, P. Mukundhan, J. Shen, C. Kim, “Comprehensive In-line Metrology for Advanced RDL Process Monitoring”, IMAPS 2017 3. Parker Huang, Bruce Chiu, Jay Chao, Chun Hung Lu, Stephen Chen, Jay Chen Fei Shen, Jian Ding, Johnny Dai, Priya Mukundhan, and Timothy Kryman., Optical and Acoustic Metrology Techniques for 2.5D and 3D Advanced Packaging, In Proceeding of the IMAPS Device Packaging, San Diego, 2014. 4. J. Derakhshandeh, Inge De Preter, Carine Gerets, Lin Tong Hou, N. Heylen, Eric Beyne, Gerald Beyer, John Slabbekoorn, Vikas Dubey, Anne Jourdain, Goedele Potoms, Fumihiro Inoue, Geraldine Jamieson, Kevin Vandersmissen, Samuel Suhard, Tomas Webers, Giovanni Capuz, Teng Yue Wang, Kenneth June Rebibis, Andy Miller, “3D Stacking Using Bump-Less Process for Sub 10µm Pitch Interconnects,” ECTC 2016 5. C. Chen, D. Yu, and K. Chen, “Vertical Interconnects of Microbumps In 3D Integration,” MRS Bulletin, Vol. 40, March 2015, 257-262
High Density Organic Substrates for Chiplet Technologies
Authors: Böttcher Lars
Published: January 2025

The industry’s increasing demand for high-performance electronic devices with better functionality, lower power consumption and higher speed is driving innovation in advanced packaging technology. Improving semiconductor chip performance and advancing package characteristics are critical.

These ever-increasing demands on electronic systems have led to the current trend of increasingly relying on so-called chiplets instead of individual chips. In detail, this means that individual silicon building blocks or functional units, which can also be developed and manufactured independently of each other, are combined to form a very powerful overall system. These then find application, for example, in neural networks or advanced driver assistance systems, and generally in all types of AI systems.

Since miniaturization of the semiconductor chip is a major challenge, minimizing the wiring length in the package by using denser and thinner interconnects is crucial. The high number of inputs and outputs (I/O) in these high-density packages reduces the structural size of lines and spaces (L/S), and the quality of interconnection of these fine spaces can drastically affect the performance of the device.

This paper presents the development of the required technology blocks for high-density redistribute layers needed to realize such organic substrates.

The technology approach used is an advanced semi-additive processing (aSAP) at large panel level. This technology involves the use of dielectric layers, such as ABF or similar, PVD seeding and additive electrolytic copper deposition.

The following various interconnect blocks required are discussed in detail:

Vertical interconnects can be made by laser drilling, lithography when photo-imageable dielectrics are used, or plasma with reactive ion etching (RIE). The process options and limitations are discussed in detail.

Horizontal interconnects are fabricated by seeding, photo-imaging of plating masks and subsequent copper deposition, and resist and seed removal. Photo-imaging is an important process step in this process. The evolution towards line and space structures targeting 5µm and further to 2µm on large panels up to 610x457mm² is described in detail.

Finally, first electrical test data and the resulting process yield for different structure sizes are presented and discussed.
The Mid-Atlantic Semiconductor Hub (MASH): A Distributed Network of Resources and Talent to Reassert U.S. Leadership in Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: Lopez Daniel
Published: January 2025

The MASH “distributed” network of facilities and cloud of expertise will support technology transition to manufacturing and offer redundancy of resources. MASH will give access to one of the world’s largest nanofabrication, packaging, and characterization facility by linking and enhancing the facilities in the hub.

MASH will focus on helping the semiconductor industry to transition Materials into Systems: advanced communications, non-volatile memory, More than Moore devices, IIoT , Artificial Intelligence, edge computing, wireless communications, quantum devices, environmental sustainability, and materials and substrates.

MASH activities will center around three cross-cutting areas:

• Si-adjacent technologies,

• Advanced packaging,

• Digital Twins & AI for semiconductor processes.

MASH will develop skills-based educational and workforce development plans to attract people to the field, provide companies with an agile system to meet staffing requirements, and

at the same time, enhance racial and socioeconomic diversity.
A Novel, Automated Measurement and Analysis Technique forBonding Energy of Fusion and Hybrid Wafer to Wafer Bonding
Authors: Tuchman Andrew , Hoshino Satohiko , Gildea Adam , Netzband Christopher , Son Ilseok
Published: January 2025

Wafer bond quality is determined through Dual Cantilever Beam (DCB, Mazara method) testing. However, DCB is influenced by environmental and human factors and prone to large measurement error (>20%). Here, we demonstrate novel, automated measurement and analysis to remove these factors delivering industry leading accuracy (<5% error) and throughput (>100x).

Bonding Energy (BE) is a crucial parameter for evaluating wafer bonding quality and determining whether bonded wafers can survive downstream processes in next generation 3D integration. There are several methods to measure bonding energy, but the dual cantilever beam (DCB) method is widely used due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. In DCB, a razor blade is inserted between two bonded wafers and the bonding energy is calculated from the length of the resulting crack. However, due to human and environmental factors, the error in DCB is often too large to make accurate and consistent measurements. The main environmental factor is stress corrosion where ambient water reacts with stressed siloxane bonds to prematurely break bonds causing BE to decrease over time. This means the bonding energy over time is proportional to the ambient humidity. Humidity can be removed using a glovebox, but this significantly reduces throughput due to purge/pump times and increases measurement complexity and cost. Here, we automate the crack length measurement in DCB to remove human measurement error and develop a novel method to remove the impact of stress corrosion without a glovebox. This technique also allows us to detect residual water in the bonding interface. Using our new technique, the bonding energy of fusion and hybrid bonded wafers are measured with <5% error. From these findings, we propose a new industry standard for measuring and reporting bonding energy in wafer-to-wafer bonding.
Cold Sprayed Copper-Diamond Composites for Thermal Management of Semiconductor Packages
Authors: Li Wenhao (Eric) , Eid Feras , Tomita Yoshihiro , Swan Johanna
Published: January 2025

Thermal management is key to enabling increasingly powerful chips and heterogeneous integrated 2.5D/3D systems. Composite materials with high thermal conductivities that can be placed at different levels of proximity to the die provide new solutions for heat dissipation. Here we report the fabrication of thick copper-diamond composite films using cold spray, which is a high-throughput, low-thermal budget deposition technology. In cold spray, feedstock micro powder is accelerated in a specially designed nozzle by a heated pressurized gas and adheres to the substrate upon high-speed impingement. This process achieves higher deposition rates than other methods used in semiconductor manufacturing (such as electroplating). It also produces films which are denser and much less porous than ones produced by conventional thermal spray techniques. In this work, we first use process and thermal simulations to determine the requirements of the micro diamond powder feedstock, including the diamond core size, metal clad thickness, the core-clad interfacial resistance and volume fraction to enable the cold spray of copper-diamond composites with thermal conductivities that are higher than copper’s. Subsequently, we perform systematic characterization of the diamond powders from several suppliers, including the purity, metal oxygen content, particle morphology and metal-clad adhesion. This characterization reveals the challenges of meeting all the specs using currently available diamond powders . Finally, we cold spray copper-diamond composite films on a variety of substrates with tunable thicknesses between 100um -2 mm, achieving a thermal conductivity that is approximately 10% higher than cold sprayed pure copper. Further improvement of the thermal properties relies on continued innovation in powder surface modification and powder packaging/shipping methods.
Scalable Core Package for Power Module with Double-Sided Cooling Capability Applying Fan-out Panel-Level Process Suitable for SiC and GaN
Authors: Takao Katsuhiro , Kuroha Atsushi , Kawada Michihito , Kono Ichiro , Suzuki Takashi , Aizawa Yoshiaki
Published: January 2025

Recently, as the demand for electric vehicles, charging infrastructure and renewable energy grows in response to the need for energy conservation and a low-carbon society, there has been growing interest in the development of SiC, which offers advantages in high-temperature operation, high-speed operation and low ON-resistance. SiC is expected to have lower heat loss and higher switching conversion efficiency. Several SiC inverter modules (packaging) have been proposed, but further concept development is needed in terms of size/thickness, heat dissipation characteristics, parasitic resistance and inductance.

In this report, we propose a thinner, smaller and higher heat dissipation SiC core module package with double-sided cooling capability by applying Fan-Out panel level process. The package internal wiring consists of Cu Via and large-area fan-out RDL, enabling high heat dissipation, low resistance and low inductance. These have the advantage of maintaining surge voltages equivalent to those of Si and also reducing current variations between SiC chips, which also allows for fast switching. On the other hand, SiC crystals are harder than Si crystals (about 3 times), so the compressive stress on the chip is greater, requiring less stress and less warpage at the package level. We have confirmed by thermal stress simulations that stress and warpage reduction can be achieved by applying EMC materials with high Tg but very low Young’s modulus. In this report, we report the results of verification by simulation and actual prototypes in terms of heat dissipation and thermal stress.
Thin Glass Interposers with High-Density Interconnects
Authors: Nelson Shelby F.
Published: January 2025

Glass has excellent electrical and mechanical properties for advanced electronic packaging, and even photonics applications. With a large bulk resistance, low moisture sensitivity, and dimensional stability, glass wafers have properties that allow them to be inserted in many of the processes typically used for silicon, and also allow advantaged performance in some applications, especially those involving high frequency. Thin glass is required to keep latency low and form-factor contained. In this presentation, we will describe the capability to produce void-free, hermetic, copper-filled vias, ranging in aspect ratio from 2:1 to 8:1. We also describe progress in multilayer metallization of thin glass interposers. Five redistribution layers (3 on one side, and 2 on the other) are explored in order to accommodate a relatively high density of interconnects. Daisy-chain structures demonstrate continuity as a function of RDL trace line and space. We report bow measurements on thin glass, exploring the effects of film stress of multiple RDL layers both in a configuration supported by a temporary handle, and free-standing.