bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Things to Make and Do, part 4: brachiosaurid cervical
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

Yes, you too can have your very own brachiosaurid cervical!  Specifically, “Cervical P” of the as-yet unnamed brachiosaur NHM R5937, informally known as “The Archbishop”.  Here is is! The Archbishop, Cervical P, paper model in left posterodorsolateral view. (All images of the vertebra are copyright the NHM.) All you need is scissors, glue, and this handy cut-out-and-keep schematic.
Futalognkosaurus was one big-ass sauropod
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

At the 2007 SVP meeting in Austin, Texas, I noticed that the suffix “-ass” was ubiquitiously used as a modifier: where an Englishman such as myself might say “This beer is very expensive”, a Texan would say “That is one expensive-ass beer” — and the disease seemed to spread by osmosis through the delegates, so that by my last day in Austin is was seemingly impossible to hear an adjective without the “-ass” suffix.
Ahead by a tail
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

You’d think that in 100+ posts we’d be starting to exhaust the territory, but there are vast swaths of sauropod vertebral morphology that we haven’t even touched. Like fused vertebrae. Sauropods fused their vertebrae all the time. Some of those fusions are age-related, many are pathological, and some are…hard to classify.
Necks, the big picture: because there are other animals besides sauropods
Authors: Naish Darren
Published: December 2023

In case you haven’t heard, Taylor  et al  . (2009) recently argued that sauropods naturally held their cervico-dorsal junctions in extension, and their cranio-cervical joints in flexion… at least, when they weren’t foraging, feeding or engaged in other such activities [if you need help with those terms please see the Tet Zoo article here]. Given that we here at SV-POW!
University of California vs. Nature
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

By now you’ve probably heard that the entire UC system is threatening to boycott the Nature Publishing Group over unsustainable business practices.* First, a few links to get you up to speed. The original letter, which was an in-house UC document that leaked (possibly deliberately, certainly understandably) and then propagated through academia like the proverbial brushfire.
The sauropods of Star Wars: Special Edition
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

I ended the last post with this teaser: The mystery lasted all of a single comment.
Sauropod-related travel: Utah, 2008
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

Here’s one of those text-light photo posts that we always aspire to but almost never achieve. In the spring of 2008 I flew to Utah to do some filming for the History Channel series “Evolve”, in particular the episode on size, which aired later that year. I always intended to post some pix from that trip once the show was done and out, and I’m just now getting around to it…a bit belatedly.
MYDD!
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

Here's your new t-shirt/sticker/desktop wallpaper. Tell the world. OMG! WTF? Was I asleep? Had I slept? Did I miss something? Does paleontological training destroy the part of the brain that knows how to use a freakin’ tape measure? Are paleontologists incapable of imagining that others might want to make meaningful comparisons with their taxa?
Sauropod-art-O-rama!
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

Scaled restoration of the giant titanosaur Puertasaurus by Nima Sassani, from the Art Evolved Sauropod Gallery Get on over to Art Evolved and scope out the sauroponderous Sauropod Gallery. It’s brobdingnaginormous. I don’t want to seem biased, but there’s a lot of hot brachiosaurian action on display.
Little, big
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

One of these things ought to be familiar, but the other one may not be (they are shown to scale here). The first commenter to correctly identify them both wins 100 SV-POW!bucks (TM), which aren’t worth diddly in the real world* but can be exchanged for worship, admiration, and bragging rights on teh intert00bz. The contest will run until someone gets the right answer or the week is out. All will be revealed next week.
Hudiesaurus redux
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

A while back, Matt speculated on the size of the allegedly giant mamenchisaurid  Hudiesaurus  .  At the time, all he had to go on was Glut’s (2000) reproduction of half of Dong (1997:fig. 3), and a scalebar whose length was given incorrectly.  The comments on that article gave some more measurements, but we never got around to showing you the figures of the vertebra in question, so here it is: Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum IVPP V.
Sauropods held their necks erect … just like rabbits
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

Welcome, one and all, to Taylor, Wedel and Naish (2009),  Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals  .  It’s the first published paper by the SV-POW! team working  as  a team, published in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, and freely available for download here.
Little, big: the reveal
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

Here’s the answer to last week’s riddle. The big vertebra was obviously cervical 8 of  Sauroposeidon  , which you’ve seen here more than once. The small vertebra is also a mid-cervical, also from the Early Cretaceous, but from Croatia rather than Oklahoma. The very long centrum, unbifurcated neural spine, and extensive pneumatic sculpturing mark it as a brachiosaurid.
What’s up with the Brachiosaurus coracoid?
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

In my not-long-quite-so-recent-any-more paper on  Brachiosaurus  and  Giraffatitan  , I gave as one of the autapomorphies of  Brachiosaurus  proper that the glenoid articular surface of its coracoid is laterally deflected.  Although we’ve discussed this a little in comments on SV-POW!, it’s not yet made it into one of our actual articles.
More on Qiaowanlong already
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

I know it’s a bit soon to follow up my own post, but I’ve been in correspondence with You Hai-Lu, lead author of the Proc. B paper describing the new putative brachiosaurid  Qiaowanlong  .  He’s been very gracious in response to my questioning the new taxon, and I wanted to pass on the fruits of that exchange.
Blogs, papers, etc.: some more random thoughts, from Mike this time
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

I have a much less realised view of the digital future than Matt does, so I won’t be making a lot of predictions here.
Blog posts, papers, and the brave new digital world: your thoughts are welcome
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

A new perspective, or the same old thing?  Brachiosaurus  and friends from here (hat tip to Ville Sinkkonen). In an e-mail with explicit permission to quote, our colleague Casey Holliday sent the following thoughts about our new paper and the subsequent ten days of related blogging: The comment field is open, and we SV-POW!sketeers are going to refrain from commenting for a couple of days to let the conversation develop unfettered.
Sauropods of 2008: Eomamenchisaurus
Authors: Naish Darren
Published: December 2023

Thanks to all for congrats regarding the baby news. Will this mean a short-term break from blogging? In part, yes, but luckily I’ve had the opportunity lately to prepare quite a lot of stuff in advance, so fear ye not oh fans of SV-POW! and Tet Zoo. And to demonstrate that point: welcome to another article in the ‘sauropods of 2008’ series.
Choosing a journal for the neck-posture paper: why open access is important
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

 [Disclaimer: in this post, I am unavoidably critical of certain aspects of particular journals. 
Early Brachiosaurus art
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

Most people think of Janensch’s (1950b) plate VIII as being the first skeletal reconstruction of “  Brachiosaurus  ” (although Janensch’s species “  Brachiosaurus  ”  brancai  is now referred to the separate genus  Giraffatitan  ).  And it certainly is a classic: "Brachiosaurus" brancai (i.e. Giraffatitan) classic skeletal reconstruction (Janensch 1950b: plate VIII) But the reconstruction published in 1950 is
How big was Amphicoelias fragillimus? I mean, really?
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

Lovers of fine sauropods will be well aware that, along with the inadequately described Indian titanosaur  Bruhathkayosarus  , the other of the truly super-giant sauropods is  Amphicoelias fragillimus  .  Known only from a single neural arch of a dorsal vertebra, which was figured and briefly described by Cope (1878) and almost immediately either lost or destroyed, it’s the classic “one that got away”, the animal that sauropod
Four complete, articulated, extant sauropod skeletons — yes, really!
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

Well, not  really  really. Appendicular skeleton of savannah monitor lizard Varanus exanthematicus, "Charlie", in dorsal view. What we have here is of course the bones of all four feet of a lizard (plus the limb bones): “sauropod” means “lizard foot”, so lizard-foot skeletons are sauropod skeletons — right? (Note that the hind limbs are arranged in a weird posture here, with the knees bent forward.
Say hello to Abydosaurus mcintoshi
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

The hot news on the block right now is the description of the new sauropod  Abydosaurus mcintoshi  , which, amazingly, is known from four more or less complete skulls (Chure et al. 2010).  This is unheard of — absolutely unprecedented.  There are few enough sauropods for which a skull is known at all; but four of them, all in decent nick, is breathtaking.
Off-topic: Get down, get fuzzy, Tianyulong!
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

That clanking sound you just heard was pretty much the entire field of paleontology evolutionary biology wired humanity dropping a solid gold brick:  Tianyulong  , a basal ornithischian from (where else?) China, has been found with dino-fuzz (Zheng et al. 2009). Not exactly protofeathers, but pretty darn similar. And if they’re in theropods and ornithischians, they were probably primitive for Dinosauria (at least;
Lies, damned lies, and Clash of the Dinosaurs
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

So I finally got to see the Discovery Channel’s new series,  Clash of the Dinosaurs  . The show follows the common Discovery Channel MO of cutting between CGI critters and talking heads. I’m one of the talking heads, and I get a lot of air time, and I suppose I should be happy about that. But I’m not, for reasons I’ll explain. I need to preface what follows by saying that I thought the other talking heads did a great job.
Xenoposeidon makes its kids’-book debut
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

Happy  Xenoposeidon  day!  Today, November 15, 2008, is the one-year anniversary of the publication of  Xenoposeidon  Taylor and Naish 2007. By happy coincidence, I’ve just been sent a courtesy copy of  Kids Only  , a new guide-book for the Natural History Museum … and there is  Xenoposeidon  on page 5, exemplifying dinosaur diversity.  Rock! It’s good to see our baby out there educating people!
How tallweird was Sauroposeidon?
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

In an email, Vladimir Socha drew my attention to the fact that Tom Holtz’s dinosaur encyclopaedia estimates the maximum height of  Sauroposeidon  as 20 meters plus, and asked whether that was really possible.  Here’s what Tom actually wrote: “  Sauroposeidon  was one of the largest of all dinosaurs.
How big was Alamosaurus?
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

Here’s a skeletal reconstruction of  Alamosaurus  modified from Lehman and Coulson (2002:fig. 11). I cloned the neck and rotated it a few degrees to see where it would put the head. The skeleton in the figure is scaled to the size of the individuals in the Smithsonian and at UT Austin.
Off-topic: say hello to Emma Naish
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

At 9:43 this morning, Darren’s wife Toni gave birth to their daughter Emma. I don’t know much more than that except that everyone is well. Join me in offering Darren, Toni and Emma your congratulations!
Another diplodocine tail
Authors: Naish Darren
Published: December 2023

We’ve done diplodocine caudal vertebrae before but, what the hell, you can never have too many of them. Here’s the tail base of the  Diplodocus  mount (DMNH 1494) at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. Note that the neural spines on the caudals are quite short and posteriorly inclined (this is also something we’ve covered before). But, whatever, it’s pretty isn’t it? Matt took the photo.
Darn!
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

Just got back my supervisor’s comments on my draft dissertation front-matter. Looks like I’m not going to be able to go with my chosen title.
Is the new Miocene sperm whale Leviathan validly named?
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

By now most SV-POW! readers will have heard of  Leviathan melvillei  , the big-toothed Miocene sperm whale that was named in Nature today (Lambert et al. 2010) — if not, see for example the  Discover  Magazine blog article for the basics.
Talking about sauropods on The Twenty-First Floor
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

Just a quick note to let you know I (Mike) was interviewed for the  Enlightenment  podcast at The Twenty-First Floor, along with Dave “Archosaur Musings” Hone.  Dave’s segment is on common misconceptions about dinosaurs; long-time readers will be less than wholly astonished to learn that mine is on: sauropods. It probably won’t contain much that SV-POW!
Airheads
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

A 3D reconstruction of the paranasal sinuses in a human (from Koppe et al. 1999). You also have paratympanic sinuses that pneumatize the mastoid process of the temporal bone (feel for an inferiorly-directed, thumb-size protuberance right behind each ear). An x-ray of a pig skull, from here. Can you see the outline of the brain-shaped endocranial cavity? How about in this x-ray of a rhino skull? Image courtesy of Kent Sanders.
Unstated precision and undemonstrated accuracy: two more reasons why we don’t trust DinoMorph
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

 Prologue: Why We Hatin’?  Between the first DinoMorph post and this one, it may seem like we have it in for DinoMorph, like we’re trying to discredit the method or bury it. We’re not anti-DinoMorph at all. We really want it to work, because 3D modeling is probably going to be the only way to explore some problems we care about
What heads tell us about necks
Authors: Wedel Matt
Published: December 2023

So far in our coverage of the new paper (Taylor et al. 2009) we’ve mostly focused on necks, following the discovery by Graf, Vidal, and others that when they are alert and unrestrained, extant tetrapods hold their necks extended and their heads flexed. (Although they turn up with distressing regularity, “ventroflexed” is redundant and “dorsiflexed” is an oxymoron; Darren lays down the law here.) There’s more to the paper;
Things to Make and Do, part 1: Pig Skull (off-topic)
Authors: Taylor Mike
Published: December 2023

I know, I know: a pig skull is not a vertebra, and it’s not from a sauropod. On the other hand, it is a cool zoological object, and every home should have one. I’m going to show you, in glorious technicolour, how I made a pig skull in under 24 hours at a cost of £3 and some silver, using only implements I had lying around.
aplicación del lenguaje claro en el mundo del derecho
Authors: Frola Federico Orlando
Published: December 2023

Sin lugar a dudas, el uso del lenguaje jurídico claro ha pasado de constituir una tendencia a convertirse en una necesidad a fin de entender demandas, sentencias e incluso leyes por parte de aquellas personas no versadas en derecho. El artículo tiene como finalidad principal comunicar la importancia de redactar providencias y sentencias en un lenguaje claro, sin abandonar el rigor técnico que debe mantener el lenguaje jurídico. Se presentan algunas recomendaciones puntuales con el objetivo de lograr el empleo del lenguaje claro.
posición de garante materno desde la perspectiva del normativismo funcionalista
Authors: Zárate Walter
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo propone un debate en torno a la posición de garante materno desde la perspectiva teórica del normativismo funcionalista para intentar sortear parte de las dificultades derivadas de perspectivas apoyadas en puros datos fenomenológicos, propias de las corrientes teóricas enmarcadas dentro del dogma causalista, y que sigue sosteniendo una parte importante de nuestra jurisprudencia.
¿Cómo deciden los jueces?
Authors: Cabral Pablo Octavio
Published: December 2023

En el presente trabajo se analiza el fenómeno actual de judicialización de la política y politización de la justicia –vinculado al término lawfare–, intentando comprender cómo deciden los jueces, con la ayuda de la lógica de la defección estratégica propuesta por la profesora Gretchen Helmke. Concluye el autor que el Poder Judicial demuestra su independencia del poder político en cada fallo de la Corte Suprema y en cada sentencia de los organismos inferiores, lo que no implica que tales medidas sean ideológicamente neutras. La viabilidad de un cambio social no dependerá solo de la buena selección de los jueces ni del texto de la Constitución o las leyes, sino del éxito que logre el discurso que propone un modelo de Estado social y democrático, en la lucha en el terreno ideológico por el predominio en la construcción de la significación del derecho.
niño como sujeto de derecho:
Authors: Feller Martín , Kohan Marcelo Fabián
Published: December 2023

El objeto del presente artículo es desgranar conceptos tales como “interés superior del niño” y “derecho a ser oído” como parte de un sistema de interpretación y aplicación de los derechos humanos reconocidos a un grupo determinado (los niños, niñas y adolescentes), a fin de permitir al lector mejorar sus prácticas y ampliar su comprensión del fenómeno como operador judicial, siendo las base de la técnica empleada en nuestra experiencia la escucha activa de las partes lejos de cualquier rigorismo formal y el hacer del trabajo multidisciplinario el eje donde se asienta la labor diaria.
prueba documental informática y la intervención del perito informático en la investigación criminal
Authors: Sifre Paola Vanesa
Published: December 2023

En este trabajo se exponen algunos de los temas que encontramos al momento de investigar un delito, como la prueba documental informática, la forma de su resguardo y sus particularidades, la relación con la informática forense y sus idóneos y con las ciencias criminalísticas. Todo ello, relacionado con una investigación penal durante sus distintas etapas procesales, y visualizando preguntas y debates de un futuro más que cercano.
Desafíos jurídicos en la era digital
Authors: Fernandez Florencia Mariel
Published: December 2023

El advenimiento de la era digital trajo consigo incontables desafíos para el derecho. Los desarrollos tecnológicos y los consecuentes métodos como las analíticas de big data ponen en jaque los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos, particularmente el derecho a la intimidad. La facilidad con que las nuevas tecnologías permiten compartir, procesar y analizar datos personales de los usuarios indiscutiblemente afecta la esfera íntima de cada persona, pero ¿tienen además un impacto en la sociedad a nivel macro? El presente ensayo pretende analizar cómo las tecnologías de procesamiento de datos pueden poner en peligro la democracia tal como la conocemos, y buscar en el derecho internacional público las herramientas para hacer frente a esta amenaza.
Marco jurídico normativo de la atención intercultural de mujeres mapuce
Authors: Rodriguez Garat Cintia Daniela
Published: December 2023

En el presente artículo abordaremos el marco político y jurídico de la atención sanitaria intercultural de mujeres indígenas en Argentina, en particular, en la provincia de Neuquén. El objetivo es realizar una revisión sistemática del marco jurídico normativo producido en los distintos programas sanitarios que propician la atención de salud con un enfoque intercultural, centrada concretamente en las mujeres mapuce de Neuquén. Finalmente, nos enfocaremos en la contradicción que se produce cuando, por un lado, se defiende un enfoque sanitario intercultural desde los marcos político-discursivo y jurídico, y, por el otro, se aplica un modelo sanitario biomédico, con tintes patriarcalistas.
plazo razonable en el proceso penal
Authors: Fernández Cora Juan Manuel
Published: December 2023

El trabajo pretende demostrar que el órgano competente para establecer el plazo razonable en el proceso penal es el Poder Legislativo –y no el Poder Judicial, como siempre se sostuvo–, mediante una norma jurídica general y abstracta, para evitar que los procesos penales sean eternos y garantizar a ultranza el mandato constitucional del Preámbulo de afianzar la justicia. Ello, a fin de evitar la arbitrariedad o el criterio discrecional de los magistrados en la búsqueda de determinar dicho plazo.
Entrevista al Dr. Sergio Gabriel Torres, presidente del Consejo de la Magistratura de la provincia de Buenos Aires y ministro de la Suprema Corte de Justicia
Authors: Equipo Editorial
Published: December 2023

(...) La razón principal que nos llevó a impulsar la actividad fue que desde el Consejo de la Magistratura advertimos la necesidad de formar a los magistrados y funcionarios del poder judicial en la materia ambiental y el desarrollo sostenible. Y las expectativas estuvieron puestas en que la judicatura tenga las herramientas necesarias para dar una respuesta eficaz e inmediata al cambio de paradigma cultural que se estaría dando en la provincia, en el país y en el mundo frente a las problemáticas que se judicializan cotidianamente y llegan a sus estrados. (...)
De la salvación por las obras
Authors: Lukasievicz Jonatan Sebastián
Published: December 2023

Esta investigación presentará la perpetuidad del Ser de la conciencia en la obra literaria creada por influencia o plagio. Se procederá a enunciar qué entiende la doctrina y la jurisprudencia nacional por originalidad. Se hará un estudio comparativo entre la influencia y el plagio. Se expondrán ejemplos del proceso creativo de Jorge Luis Borges. Se analizarán sintéticamente los estudios sobre la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl que hicieron académicos y discípulos. En la conclusión se propondrá un argumento del Ser de la conciencia en los objetos existentes a la muerte del contemplador.
М.ӘУЕЗОВТІҢ «ҚИЛЫ ЗАМАН» РОМАНЫ ЖӘНЕ ОНЫҢ ТАРИХИ-САЯСИ МАҢЫЗЫ
Authors: ABDİGAPBAROVA Zhanar
Published: December 2023

Ғасырлар қойнауынан жеткен бабалар сөзінің биік парасаты – Абай даналығынан көрінсе, сол дәстүрді кейінгі әдебиетте Алаш қайраткерлері қайта жаңғыртты. Алаш қайраткерлері сол замандағы қандай қиындыққа да төтеп беріп, ХХ ғасыр басында ел мәдениеті мен әдебие¬тін жаңаша дамытуға бар-күш-жігерін жұмсады. Алаш қозғалысына атсалысқан қайраткерлердің бірі жазушы Мұхтар Әуезов қазақ жұртының ұлттық намысын оятуға, тарихи сананың жаңғыруына айрықша еңбек етті.

Алаш идеясы – жас жазушының көзқарасын қалыптастырған үлкен саяси мектеп еді. Алаш жолындағы қайраткерлік миссиясын М.Әуезов өзінің «Қилы заман» романында толыққанды жүзеге асырды. Жазушының шығармашылық жолындағы үлкен белестің бірі де осы «Қилы заман» романы болатын. Аталған шығарма жазушының шығармашылық эволюциясын, күрделі прозалық жанрда тарихи мәні бар құбылыстарды меңгеруге, ұғынуға көмектеседі. Шығармада автор ХХ ғасырдың алғашқы жылдары Ресей патшалығының қазақ халқына жасаған отаршылдық зардаптарын батыл суреттейді. Шығарма жазылған уақытта Мұхтар Әуезов Ленинград Мемлекеттік университетінің студенті еді. Роман 1928 жылы Қызылорда қаласында «Қазақстан» баспасынан жарыққа шықты. "Қилы заман" 1916 жылы қазақ даласында орын алған ұлт-азаттық көтерілісін суреттеуге арналған қазақ әдебиетіндегі тұңғыш саяси роман.

Алаш жолы – қазақ жолы екенін ұғынған жазушы халқымен бірге өзі де «қилы тағдырды» басынан кешіп, алаш аманатын біздің дәуірге жеткізді. Мақалада М.Әуезовтің «Қилы заман» романы зерттеу нысанына алынып, оның жанрлық ерекшелігіне, тарихи-саяси маңызына тоқталып, отаршылдыққа қарсы азаттық идеясы постотарлық көзқараспен сараланады.
Madurez digital en la era de la transformación digital de los CETPROS del Distrito de Chorrillos -Lima 2023
Authors: Rosario Carolina Nina Mallqui
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar la madurez digital de la transformación digital en los Centros Técnico productiva del distrito de chorrillos 2023, la investigación tiene enfoque cualitativo, mediante el diseño fenomenológico, los participantes fueron 05 informantes claves, quienes proporcionaron información relevante sobre madurez digital en la transformación digital la conclusiones en la que se arriban fue que los CETPROS no responden a las expectativas de la madurez digital existe bajo nivel implementación de transformación digital pues no llegan ala madures acorde a exigencia a una sociedad digital no disponen de una página web o tienda online, entonces no tienen modelos de comunicación menos se maneja un APP.
Editorial
Authors: De Vincenzi Marcelo , Darín Susana , Maccarini Marcela , Pons Claudia
Published: December 2023

Este número de la Revista RAIA es una edición especial dedicada a las Memorias del XIV Congreso Internacional de Innovación Tecnológica Informática, CIITI.
Innovación abierta en el sector Público
Authors: Gismondi Diego
Published: December 2023

En el contexto de la modernización y reforma del Estado el Gobierno de Santa Fe busca consolidar nuevos espacios de participación que vinculen de manera fluida al Gobierno y los ciudadanos. Estos espacios se despliegan en diferentes canales y soportes, uno de los cuales es el digital. El mismo adquiere una relevancia estratégica en el marco de lo que se conoce como la sociedad de la información, sobre todo a partir de los procesos de digitalización de la sociedad.
Llevar clásicos juegos de mesa a plataformas digitales
Authors: Berman Milton
Published: December 2023

Ese es el desafío que tenemos desde hace unos años en Widow Games.

Enfrentar un desafío como ese puede parecer simple a primera vista. Pero requiere de mucho trabajo. Y de realizar muchas tareas que a primera vista pueden no resultar intuitivas para desa- rrolladores de software.
Gesto e Palavra
Authors: Vianna Goliath Michelle , Theisen Simanke Richard
Published: December 2023

René Spitz (1887-1974), psiquiatra e psicanalista austro-húngaro, desenvolveu uma teoria da formação do ego que se inicia no nascimento do indivíduo e culmina na aquisição da linguagem. Diferentemente de muitas teorias de aquisição da linguagem na psicanálise da época (1950-1970), o trabalho de Spitz enfatiza o papel do corpo e privilegia uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Este artigo é um estudo histórico-conceitual, cujo objetivo é analisar o processo de aquisição da linguagem tal como descrito por Spitz e explicar os mecanismos e conceitos utilizados pelo autor para formular sua teoria.
Palavras-chave: Linguagem; Relação mãe-bebê; Desenvolvimento infantil; René Spitz; História da psicanálise.
Association study: the aminopeptidase A gene and essential hypertension
Authors:   Division of Receptor Biology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nakayama Tomohiro
Published: December 2023

Aminopeptidase A (APA) cleaves the N-terminal aspartyl acid residue of angiotensin II (Ang II) to produce angiotensin III (Ang III). It has been reported that the APA knockout mouse exhibits elevated blood pressure. Therefore, the APA gene is thought to be a susceptibility gene for essential hypertension (EH). However, extensive studies have yet to define the relationship between the APA gene and EH. The aims of this study were to genotype some of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the human APA gene and to perform a haplotype-based case-control study to further assess the association between and the APA gene and EH. We performed a genetic association study using SNPs in 227 EH patients and 221 age-matched normotensive (NT) individuals. Although the overall distribution of the genotype did not significantly differ between the EH and NT groups when the entire group of subjects were evaluated, the frequency of rs2290105 did differ between the two when just women were included in the analysis. The haplotype-based case-control analysis also revealed a significant difference between the women of the EH and NT groups. The A-T-A-C haplotype was significantly higher in the EH versus the NT group. These results suggest that rs2290105 and the A-T-A-C haplotype of the APA gene are genetic markers for EH, and that APA or a neighboring gene might be a susceptibility gene for EH.
Seroepidemiological Study On SARS-CoV IgG Antibodies Of Different Populations From Several Areas
Authors:   Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, 510515, SHI Yu-ling , LI Lin-hai , CHU Xin-wei , CHEN Qing , WANG Yun-long , MA Qing-jun , CAO Cheng , YU Shou-yi
Published: December 2023

Objective In order to investigate the clinical and epidemiological rules of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS), rates and levels SARS coronavirus( SARS-CoV) IgG antibodies of the patients and community populations from several areas were detected . Methods Indirect immunofluorescent assay(IFA) and double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the SARS coronavirus-specific IgG antibodies in sera of 1700, including 1453 general populations from Hongkong, Marco, Guangzhou and Peking and 257 SARS patients from Guangzhou and Peking. The dynamics of the serum antibodies of SARS patients were observed from 3 to 360 days after onset of symptoms. Results 90% of 257 patient serum specimens after 20 days of disease onset showed positive SARS-CoV IgG either using ELISA or IFA . 257 SARS patients, antibodies titers increased steadily in early 4 to 6 months after onset of SARS. The titers of most cases came to the peak in the 6th month. then antibodies titers declined rapidly in some cases. However, all specimens still were positive for SARS-CoV IgG in the 48th month . Conclusions This study suggest that few inapparent infectious patients exist during SARS epidemic. Serum IgG antibodies has diagnostic value for SARS in the late course of disease and the antibodies present more than 48 months.
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Avoid Statistical Esotericism
Authors:   Population Health Imperatives, Seattle, Washington, Ravenholt Reimert T.
Published: December 2023

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Ecoepidemiological and social factors related to rabies incidence in Venezuela during 2002-2004
Authors:   nviromental Health Office, Ministry of Health and Social Development, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela, Benitez Jesus A. , Rifakis Pedro M. ,   Division of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Perez de Leon, Health Direction of Municipio Sucre, Miranda, Caracas, Venezuela, Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Dickson Sonia M. , Pineda Jose De-La-Paz- ,   Instituto Experimental Jose Witremundo Torrealba, Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela
Published: December 2023

Rabies in Venezuela has been important in last years, affecting dogs, cats, and human, among other animals, being a reportable disease. In Zulia state, it is considered a major public health concern. Recently, a considerable increase in the incidence of rabies has been occurring, involving many epidemiological but also ecoepidemiological and social factors. These factors are analyzed in this report. During 2002-2004, 416 rabies cases were recorded. Incidence has been increasingly significantly, affecting mainly dogs (88.94%). Given this epidemiology we associated ecoepidemiological and social factors with rabies incidence in the most affected state, Zulia. In this period 411 rabies cases were recorded. Zulia has varied environmental conditions. It is composed mostly of lowlands bordered in the west by mountain system and in the south by the Andes. The mean is temperature 27.8C, and mean yearly rainfall is 750mm. Climatologically, 2002 corresponded with El Nino (drought), middle 2003 evolved to a Neutral period, and 2004 corresponded to La Nina (rainy); this change may have affected many diseases, including rabies. Ecological analysis showed that most cases occurred in lowland area of the state and during rainy season (p<0.05). Additionally, there is an important social problem due to educational deficiencies in the native population. Many ethnic groups live un Zulia, many myths about rabies are in circulation, and the importance of the disease is not widely realized. The full scale of the rabies burden is unknown, owing to inadequate disease surveillance. Although there have been important advances in our knowledge and ability to diagnose and prevent it, enormous challenges remain in animal rabies control and provision of accessible-appropriate human prophylaxis worldwide. Human and animal surveillance including ecological and social factors is needed.
Short and Long-Term Physiological Responses of Male and Female Rats to Two Dietary levels of Pre-Gelatinized Maca (Lepidium Peruvianum Chacon)
Authors:   Division of Receptor Biology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kamimachi, 30-1 Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan, Nakayama Tomohiro , Meissner H O ,   Faculty of Health Studies, Charles Sturt University & Therapeutic Research, TTD International Pty Ltd, GPO Box 4792, Sydney 2001 (Australia), Kedzia B , Mrozikiewicz P M , Mscisz A ,   Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, 61-707 Poznan, 27 Libelta St. (Poland)
Published: December 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify physiological responses of male and female rats to either a short- or long-term administration of two doses of Maca (Lepidium peruvianum) and observe relationships which may exist between groups of hormones and effects mediated by them. Design: The effect of pre-gelatinized (extruded) organic Maca powder (Maca-GO) was studied on Sprague-Dowley male and female rats (1:1 ratio) receiving two dietary levels of Maca-GO (0.75g/kg and 7.5g/kg body weight) and assessed against control during 28 and 90 day laboratory trials on 30 and 60 rats respectively. Blood morphology, biochemistry (hormones, lipids and minerals) and histology of internal organs were determined. Homogenates of skeletal muscles and bones of rats were also analyzed. Results: Maca-GO has low toxicity (LD=7.5g/kg) and appears to be safe for short-term and extended use as dietary supplement or as a component of functional dietary and therapeutic preparations. There were different responses of male and female rats to different levels of Maca-GO administered during a short- and a longer-term periodl. When administered at higher dose for extended period of time (90 days), Maca-GO acted as a toner of hormonal processes in adult female rats at increased progesterone and a steady estradiol level, without affecting levels of blood FSH, LH and TSH. Conclusions: Obtained results justify further clinical research on use of Maca-GO in sportsmen, physically-active people of both sexes and peri-menopausal women to clarify mechanisms underlaying physiological mode of action of Maca-GO validaet in clinical study on humans. Substantial decrease in blood cortisol levels in a short- and longer-term trial and simultaneous tendency to lower blood ACTH, may indicate antidepressive effect of Maca-GO, which together with reduction in body weight, lowering triglycerides in blood plasma and increasing calcium and phosphorus deposition in bone and muscle tissues is worthy consideration in potential application to women at both, pre- and postmenopausal stage.
Effect of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) on telomerase activity and proliferation of HO-8910 cell line of ovarian cancer
Authors:   Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, China, Song Tianbao , Li Hongmei ,   Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, China, Xu Weizhong , Yu Yuecheng , Xin Xiaoyan , Hui Du ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
Published: December 2023

Objective: To study the effect of 3`-azido-3`-deoxythymidine (AZT) on telomerase activity and the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Telomerase activity was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in treated and untreated HO-8910 cells by AZT. The detection of cell viability was performed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the ultrastructure of the cells was observed by electron microscopy. The apoptotic rate of the cells was measured by flow cytometry. Results: AZT significantly inhibited telomerase activity of HO-8910 cells, and the effect was both time- and dose-dependent. The HO-8910 cells treated at different concentrations of AZT showed a significant reduction of cell viability and morphological changes of apoptosis. The apoptotic peak was detected in the AZT treated cells and the apoptotic rate was 14.2%. Conclusion: AZT can effectively inhibit both telomerase activity and proliferation of human ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells in vitro, suggesting that AZT may be used in the clinic treatment of ovarian cancer.
Research on Hereditability of Gastric Cancer in Wuwei City
Authors:   Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital. Wuwei 733000 Gansu Province, China, Mi Deng-Hai , Chen Xue-Peng , Luo Hao-Zeng
Published: December 2023

AIM: To explore hereditability of gastric cancer in Wuwei city. METHODS: A case-control study was used to investigate 251 gastric cancer families located in Wuwei city. Li-Mantel-Gan and Falconer regression methods were used to calculate segregation ratios and hereditability. RESULTS: The segregation ratio in Wuwei families was 0.0774, the hereditability of class I kinfolks and class II kinfolks were respectively 22.91% and 20.07%. CONCLUSION: The segregation ratio of gastric cancer in Wuwei was significantly lower than for mono-genetic diseases (0.25), corresponding better with a model of polygenetic diseases. The genetic susceptibility factor accounted for about 1/5-1/4 in the formation of gastric cancer familial aggregation. Mi DH, Chen XP, Luo HZ Research on hereditability of gastric cancer in Wuwei city.
Virus-associated lymphomagenesis
Authors:   Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Tarantul V.Z.
Published: December 2023

At least 2 billion people are affected by viral infections worldwide. The infections induce a lot of various human diseases and are one of the main causes of human mortality. In particular, they can lead to development of various human cancers. Up to 15-20% of human cancer incidence can be attributed to viruses. Although viral infections are very common in the general population, only few of them result in clinically relevant lesions. Certain associations between virus infections and malignancy are strong and irrefutable, the others are still speculative. The criteria most often used for determining the causality are the consistence of the association, either epidemiologic or at the molecular level, and oncogenicity of viruses or particular viral genes in animal models or cell cultures. Due to some ambiguity of such a determination, it is instructive to consider by specific cases what evidence is generally accepted as sufficient to establish a causal relation between virus and cancer. Lymphomas are one of the best studied cancer types closely associated with a small but definite range of viruses. Numerous data show a close interrelation between lymphomagenesis and infection by such viruses as Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For instance, experiments on monkeys artificially infected with viruses and data on anti-cancer effect of specific antiviral preparations strongly suggest the involvement of viruses in lymphoma development. The present review is devoted to the association of different viruses with human lymphomas and to viral genes potentially involved in the neoplastic process. The recognition of virus involvement in lymphomagenesis may facilitate new strategies for cancer therapy, diagnosis and screening and can lead to a reduction in the number of individuals at risk of disease.
Immunomodulation of fucosyl-lactose and lacto-N-fucopentaose on mononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects
Authors:   Institute of Clinical Neurology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy, Sotgiu Stefano
Published: December 2023

The 1,2-fucosyl-oligosaccharides, and among these the 2'-fucosyl-lactose (2'-FL) and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP)-I, are quantitatively the most represented oligosaccharides of human milk. They are also seen to represent an important immune device to prevent nursing infants from severe infectious diarrhoea. Recent evidences show that the appearance of 2'-FL and LNFP-I in human colostrums is synchronised with the macrophage inhibition and that LNFP-III induces a Th2 response from the mouse peripheral immune system. Since mannosyl-fucosyl receptors are described on the macrophage surface, all these evidences allow us to investigate on the possible immune function of human 2'-FL and LNFP-I in vitro on LPS-activated mononuclear cells (MNC) from 12 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 20 matched health controls (HC). We found that 2'-FL and LNFP-I significantly decrease, to a different extent, the MNC proliferation from both HC and MS patients, in a linear and dose-dependent manner. 2'-FL and LNFP-I also reduce the production of IL-12 and IFN-y, particularly in MS patients as compared to HC (p=0.01 and p<0.001, respectively), while increasing that of IL-10. The overall immunomodulatory effect of 2'-FL and LNFP I here presented may represent a future therapeutic option for the abnormal immune response found in some monocyte-mediated diseases.
Effects of reactive oxygen species on in vitro filtration of water and albumin across glomerular basement membrane
Authors:   Department of Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria - Egypt,, Mohamed Ehab I. , Fahmi Naglaa M. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria - Egypt, Sallam Samera M. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Benha, Benha - Egypt
Published: December 2023

Most of the interest in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) stems from the observation that it undergoes morphological changes in renal disease. Studies on persistent proteinuria in experimental animal models have shown that the permeability properties of the GBM have been altered as a result of protein degradation and cross-linking of type IV collagen via its NC1 domains promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extrusion of tubular cell contents. We used the in vitro ultrafiltration technique to assess permeability properties of bare isolated GBM films to water and albumin in the Munich Wistar Fromter rat model of glomerular injury. Hydraulic permeability for water and albumin solutions and albumin fractional clearances were measured for rats treated with lisinopril [an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor] and were compared with those measured for rats treated with dimethylthiouria (an ROS scavenger) and their control groups, at four pressure levels (50, 100, 200, and 300 mmHg). The ACE inhibitors and ROS scavengers treatment regimens for studied rats in addition to significantly lowering their systolic blood pressure and urinary protein excretion values to normal levels, have significantly increased their in vitro hydraulic and Darcy permeability, which is a measure of the intrinsic hydraulic conductance of the GBM, either in the absence or presence of albumin; in comparison with control animals. We believe that these favorable effects may derive from ROS scavenging beneficial effects that preserve the GBM protein structure by reducing entactin and laminin degradation and type IV collagen cross-linking.
Hormone-Balancing Effect of Pre-Gelatinized Organic Maca (Lepidium peruvianum Chacon): (I) Biochemical and Pharmacodynamic Study on Maca using Clinical Laboratory Model on Ovariectomized Rats
Authors:   Faculty of Health Studies, Charles Sturt University & Therapeutic Research International, GPO Box 4792, Sydney 2001, Australia, Meissner Henry
Published: December 2023

Ovariectomized rats were used in a model laboratory study to examine biochemical and pharmacodynamic effects of pre-gelatinized organic preparation of Lepidium peruvianum Chacon (Maca-GO). Biochemical and Pharmacodynamic effects of Maca-GO (250mg Maca-GO per kg body weight (bw) administered by intubation twice daily) were assessed in a 28-day model laboratory study on ovariectomized (by laparoscopy) Wistar rats with pharmacodynamic tests performed at the conclusion of the trial followed by blood collection for morphology and biochemical tests. Toxicity of Maca-GO used in the study was determined in bioassay on mice and rats. Anti-depressive function (Porsolt’s test) and anxiolytic sedative and cognitive effects (using elevated-plus maze, locomotor activity and passive avoidance tests) were assessed against control (laparotomized female rats with intact ovaries). In addition to blood morphology, the following blood serum constituents were analyzed: Estrogen (E2), Progesterone (PGS), Cortisol (CT), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Thyroid Hormones (TSH, T3, and T4), Iron (Fe) and lipid profile (Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL). Analytically-determined non-toxic status of Maca-GO was confirmed in bioassays when applied to mice and rats at levels of 0.5 and up to 15mg/kg bw which shows it safe use in humans with the LD50 >15mg/kg bw. Maca-GO showed a distinctive, (P<0.05) antidepressant-like and sedative effect in ovariectomized rats only, while there was no anxiolytic activity nor disturbance of cognitive function observed in both, test and control animals. Observed in this study balancing effect of Maca-GO on sex hormone levels show its potential as a safe preparation for use in correcting physiological symptoms characteristic in postmenopausal stage with an indication of potentially even more value for its use in pre-menopausal women..
Oxidative Hemolysis of Erythrocytes Induced by Various Vitamins
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Ibrahim Ibrahim H. ,   Egypt, Sallam S.M. , Omar H. , Rizk M. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha; Egypt
Published: December 2023

Hemolytic effect of some water-soluble vitamins (niacin B5, pyridoxine B6, thiamine B1 and ascorbic and acid C) on erythrocytes was studied spectrophotometrically at relatively high concentration. The oxidation mechanism of hemoglobin was the same for the used vitamins. Vitamin C was the strongest hemolytic agent in comparison with the other vitamins, while vitamin B1 is the weakest one. The results were confirmed by studying the variation in conductivity of erythrocytes with temperature in the range 20-40 °C for the used vitamins at a concentration of 2 mM and after two hours from adding each vitamin to the erythrocytes suspension. The conductivity measurements show that the conductivity for the used vitamins is lower than that for control (without adding vitamin) due to hemoglobin oxidation , also may be due to the electrical reorganization of the erythrocyte membrane after the interaction of the used vitamin with it. The obtained results insure the oxidizing effect of the used vitamins on hemoglobin and consequently their hemolytic effect on erythrocytes.