bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Workload Factors, Work Stress and Health Personnel Competency on the Implementation of Hospital Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems (SMK3RS)
Authors: Alfian Yoga Wiratna  , Nway Eint Chei
Published: May 2022

Background: Accident prevention in the workplace cannot be separated from the influence of behavior and application by health workers in its implementation which prioritizes the interests of patient safety. The behavior and abilities of health workers play an important role in the implementation of patient safety. Several factors that influence the behavior of nurses in implementing the Hospital Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3RS) are influenced by motivation, perceptions, attitudes, organizational culture, knowledge and experience.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze how the description influence and relationship between workload, work stress and implementation of Hospital Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3RS) at Lira Medika Hospital Karawang.
Methods: The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a total sample of 100 people. This type of research is descriptive verification research. The statistical instrument used is regression analysis using validity, reliability, normality tests.
Results: An influence of workload, work stress and competence on the assessment of the implementation of Hospital Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3RS) by 19.05% because the rest is influenced by other variables or factors such as training, education level, motivation, leadership and others.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it appears that the workload parameters have no effect on the implementation of Hospital Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3RS) for Medical Service/Supporting Staff at Lira Medika Hospital. Meanwhile, the direct effect is work stress and work competence.
Perfil das adolescentes grávidas atendidas no Centro de Saúde Materno-Infantil da Mineira (Huambo, Angola)
Authors: Chitumba Hermenegildo Osvaldo , Nungulo Victor Nhime , Kahuli Cezaltina Nanduva
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: A pesquisa objetivou descrever o perfil das adolescentes grávidas atendidas no Centro de Saúde Materno-Infantil da Mineira (Huambo, Angola). Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo, tendo os dados sido submetidos a uma análise univariada. Foram inquiridas, de forma aleatória, 170 adolescentes grávidas, entre os 14 e 19 anos, em um dos maiores centros de atendimento materno-infantil da cidade do Huambo em Angola, durante o período de julho a dezembro de 2019. Resultados: A idade média das adolescentes foi de 17,53 (DP = 1,28) anos de idade, a maioria era solteira (85,0%), havia concluído o primeiro ciclo do ensino primário (59,0%), não trabalhava (92,4%), vivia (50,6%) e cresceu (56,5%) com os pais, tendo o catolicismo como confissão religiosa (47,1%). Os dados obstétricos deram conta de que a maioria das adolescentes era nulípara (84,1%), não tinha tido complicações decorrentes do parto (84,7%), nem aborto anterior (91,2%). A maioria das adolescentes teve a primeira relação sexual entre os 16–19 anos de idade (68,2%), com o namorado (77,1%) e consentida (91,2%). A maior parte dos parceiros tinha entre 20 a 22 anos de idade (47,0%), trabalhava (57,0%) e assumiu a paternidade (89,0%). Conclusão: Os resultados indiciaram a presença de múltiplos fatores que poderão influir na gravidez na adolescência e mostram haver a necessidade de repensar de forma profunda as políticas públicas de saúde sobre a adolescência.
Incorporating crowdsourced perceptions of human behavior into computational forecasts of US national incident cases of COVID-19
Authors: Braun David , Ingram Daniel , Ingram David , Khan Bilal , Marsh Jessecae , McAndrew Thomas
Published: May 2022

Computational forecasts of COVID-19 targets may benefit from temporal signals associated with human behavior. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) have been shown to reduce the spread of an infectious agent, but accurate information about how the general public interprets and acts upon guidelines developed by public health officials is difficult to collect. For 36 weeks from September, 2020 to April, 2021, we asked two crowds twenty one questions about their perceptions of their communities adherence to NPI and public health guidelines and collected 10,120 responses. Crowdsourced NPI signals were mapped to a mean perception of adherence—or MEPA—and included in computational forecasts. Several MEPA signals linearly correlated with one through four week ahead incident cases of COVID-19 at the US national level. Including questions related to masking, testing, and limiting large gatherings increased out of sample predictive performance for 1-3 week ahead probabilistic forecasts of incident cases of COVID-19 when compared to a model that was trained on only past incident cases. In addition, we found that MEPA signals could be clustered which suggests a more focused survey may have sufficed and provided similar performance. Crowdsourced perceptions of non-pharmaceutical adherence may be an important signal to improve forecasts of the trajectory of an infectious agent and increase public health situational awareness.
Analisis permintaan dan penawaran agregat
Authors: rusdin Zahra amaliyah
Published: May 2022

Hukum permintaan pada hakikatnya merupakan suatu hipotesis yang menyatakan:“Hubungan antara barang yang diminta dengan harga barang tersebut dimana hubunganberbanding terbalik yaitu ketika harga meningkat atau naik maka jumlah barang yang diminta akanmenurun dan sebaliknya apabila harga turun jumlah barang meningkat.”
Early Experiences and School Readiness: A Within and Between Exploration of the Opportunity Propensity Model
Authors: Hall Garret , Putzeys Sophia , Miller-Cotto Dana
Published: May 2022

The Opportunity-Propensity Model (OPM) specifies that antecedents (demographics that predict opportunities and propensities occurring before formal schooling), opportunities (exposure to experiences afforded in the home, community, and school), and propensities (pre- existing skills that help children take advantage of opportunities) work in concert to explain individual differences in achievement. Recent work has also pointed towards transactional relations of academic and domain-general skills (working memory), which shares some overlap with the OPM. However, OPM has not been used to explain these transactions. Additionally, researchers have not used the OPM to predict between- versus within-person differences over time, though this might help provide insights on developmental patterns and educational practice. In this study, we use the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – 2010-2011 to examine the extent to which the OPM accounts for the transaction between mathematics and working memory.
Exercising choice over feedback schedules during practice is not advantageous for motor learning
Authors: St. Germain Laura , McKay Brad , Poskus Andrew , Williams Allison , Leshchyshen Olena , Feldman Sherry , Cashaback Joshua G.A. , Carter Michael J
Published: May 2022

The idea that there is a self-controlled learning advantage, where individuals demonstrate improved motor learning after exercising choice over an aspect of practice compared to no-choice groups, has different causal explanations according to the OPTIMAL theory or an information-processing perspective. Within OPTIMAL theory, giving learners choice is considered an autonomy-supportive manipulation that enhances expectations for success and intrinsic motivation. In the information-processing view, choice allows learners to engage in performance-dependent strategies that reduce uncertainty about task outcomes. To disentangle these potential explanations, we provided participants in choice and yoked groups with error or graded feedback (Experiment 1) and binary feedback (Experiment 2) while learning a rapid reaching task with spatial and timing goals. Across both experiments (N = 228 participants), we did not find evidence to support a self-controlled learning advantage. Exercising choice during practice did not increase perceptions of autonomy, competence, or intrinsic motivation, nor did it lead to more accurate error estimation skills. Both error and graded feedback facilitated skill acquisition and learning, whereas no improvements from pre-test performance were found with binary feedback. Finally, the impact of graded and binary feedback on perceived competence highlights a potential dissociation of motivational and informational roles of feedback. Although our results regarding self-controlled practice conditions are difficult to reconcile with either the OPTIMAL theory or the information-processing perspective, they are consistent with a growing body of evidence that strongly suggests self-controlled conditions are not an effective approach to enhance motor performance and learning.
Longitudinal Invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire across ages 4 to 16 in the ALSPAC Sample
Authors: Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Auyeung Bonnie , Murray Aja Louise
Published: May 2022

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been widely used to study children’s psychosocial development longitudinally, however, such analyses assume longitudinal measurement invariance, that is, they presuppose that symptom manifestations are measured comparably across different ages. Violations of this assumption could bias longitudinal analyses and should therefore be empirically tested. The present study tested longitudinal measurement invariance within a Confirmatory Factor Analysis framework in the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N=13,988). Results indicated that SDQ scores showed configural, metric and scalar invariance across ages 7, 8, 9, 13, and 16, supporting its use for comparing variances, covariances and means over time within a latent variable model. At age 4, configural invariance was not supported, indicating that mental health symptoms as measured by the SDQ manifest differently at this age, thus necessitating caution when comparing symptoms as measured by SDQ scores at this age to later ages.
Comparing Different Approaches for Obtaining Item Desirability Ratings
Authors: Pavlov Goran
Published: May 2022

The effectiveness of forced-choice personality measures in preventing applicant faking may depend on how closely items comprising each forced-choice item-block are matched in terms of their desirability for the job. Item desirability matching is routinely performed on empirically obtained item desirability ratings and different approaches have been used interchangeably to obtain them. On a set of item desirability ratings obtained with the two most commonly used approaches, we show that the choice of collection approach matters and may play an important role in the forced-choice block assembly.
Intentional Forgetting of Habits? Combining List-Method Directed Forgetting and Item-Specific Stimulus-Response Priming
Authors: Dames Hannah , Kiesel Andrea , Pfeuffer Christina Ursula , Ragni Marco
Published: May 2022

Humans are able to intentionally forget declarative memory content as demonstrated in directed-forgetting (DF) experiments. Yet, only few studies assessed whether DF affects associations in procedural memory. We tested how the intention to remember/forget a stimulus affected the formation and/or retrieval of stimulus-response (S-R) associations. To do so, we combined an item-specific priming paradigm with list-method DF. We did not find an impact of the intention to remember/forget on either the retrieval of existing or the formation of new S-R associations: Although participants formed S-R associations (evident in decreasing RTs over stimulis’ prime instances), their persisting activation did not impact on RTs in a subsequent item-recognition-test. Potentially, processes contributing to item recognition impeded S-R retrieval. This finding is informative for future studies aiming to assess how intention differentially affects procedural and declarative memory. We formulate experimental design recommendations for future studies assessing the impact of DF on item-specific S-R associations.
Disentangling material, social, and cognitive determinants of human behavior and beliefs
Authors: Tverskoi Denis , Guido Andrea , Andrighetto Giulia , Sánchez Angel , Gavrilets Sergey
Published: May 2022

In social interactions, human decision-making, attitudes, and beliefs about others coevolve. Their dynamics are affected by cost-benefit considerations, cognitive processes (such as cognitive dissonance, social projecting, and logic constraints), and social influences by peers (via descriptive and injunctive social norms) and by authorities (e.g., educational, cultural, religious, political, administrative, individual or group, real or fictitious). Here we attempt to disentangle some of this complexity by using an integrative mathematical modeling and a 35-day online behavioral experiment. We utilize data from a Common Pool Resources experiment with or without messaging promoting a group-beneficial level of resource extraction. We first show that our model provides a better fit than a wide variety of alternative models. Then we directly estimate the weights of different factors in decision-making and beliefs dynamics. We show that material payoffs accounted only for about 20\% of decision-making. The remaining 80\% was due to different cognitive and social forces which we evaluated quantitatively. Without messaging, personal norms (and cognitive dissonance) have the largest weight in decision-making. Messaging greatly influences personal norms and normative expectations. Between-individual variation is present in all measured characteristics and notably impacts observed group behavior. At the same time, gender differences are not significant. We argue that one can hardly understand social behavior without understanding the dynamics of personal beliefs and beliefs about others and that cognitive, social, and material factors all play important roles in these processes. Our results have implications for understanding and predicting social processes triggered by certain shocks (e.g., social unrest, a pandemic, or a natural disaster) and for designing policy interventions aiming to change behavior (e.g. actions aimed at environment protection or climate change mitigation).
Optimization of extraction conditions for anthocyanin from Hibiscus rosasinensis and its characterisation by Chromatography techniques
Authors: Radhakrishnan Baghya Nisha , Narayanan Rita , Dharmar Baskaran , Dorai R Palani , C Valli
Published: May 2022

The present study was conducted to identify the better extraction conditions for anthocyanin from fresh and dry petals of hibiscus with potent antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. The variables used in this study are solvents (aqueous, ethanol, methanol and each added with acidified agents (1% citric acid, 0.1% HCl and 1% acetic acid), temperatures (40 ºC, 50 ºC, 60 ºC, 70 ºC and 80 ºC), steeping time (interval viz., 60min, 90min, 120 min, 150min, 180min and 210min and pH (1-9). The study revealed that the anthocyanin content was higher for fresh petals of hibiscus extracted with test solvent methanol acidified with 0.1% HCl with the mean and standard error values of 167.69±0.41 mg CAG/100g. From the results, the optimized condition for anthocyanin extraction chosen was at the temperature of 60ºC for 120min at pH of 3-3.5. However, for the food uses, fresh petals extracted with ethanol (acidified with 1% citric acid) was recommended. Their yield at optimized extraction condition was found to be 156.25 ± 0.13 mg CAG/100g with the total phenolic content of 4965.83±1.19 (mg./100g) and 75.33±0.33% antioxidant activity. The F-values for each response implied high significance of the fittest models. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Paper Chromatography (PC) chromatograms predicted that the major types of anthocyanin present in hibiscus petals were cyanidin and delphinidin.
Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Female Adolescents
Authors: Karmacharya Poonam , Bhattarai Anshu , Tiwari Indu , Singh Surjit
Published: May 2022

IntroductionDysmenorrhea is a common condition that usually presents itself with cramps or a dull ache, mostly in the abdominal region. Alongside the cramps, it is also common to suffer from other symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea, constipation, mood swings and headaches. Dysmenorrhea has been considered a leading cause of occupational and college absenteeism among women, yet little is known about its actual impact. The objective of this study is to understand the impact ofdysmenorrhea in the young female medical students.
MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in 100 undergraduate students of Manipal college of  Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Standardized Self-reporting questionnaires were used to obtain relevant data. Data entry and analysis were done in SPSS 20. 
ResultsOut of 100 females, Majority of girls, 84 out of 100 reported different grades of dysmenorrhea. The study also showed strong association of dysmenorrhea with the family history and the severity of dysmenorrhea was highly associated with college absenteeism and regularity of the cycle. (p-value<=0.005). Other symptoms like stomach cramp, anxiety, irritability, difficult in concentration and insomnia were also significantly associated with dysmenorrhea (p<0.005) while stress was strongly associated with the dysmenorrhea. (p<0.000). However, Backaches, painful breast, nausea, skin disorders, appetite and forgetfulness were not associated with dysmenorrhea (p>0.005).
ConclusionsDysmenorrhea is found to be highly prevalent and has a negative impact on physical, social and academic activities of medical female students. The effect of dysmenorrhea is very wide, therefore managing the condition is very important.
Trend and Usage of Internet for Self Directed Learning in Phase I MBBS Students in an Urban Medical College: Observations and Challenges
Authors: Bhattacharyya Swati , Roy Suparna , Kar Kaushik , Dasgupta Anindya
Published: May 2022

IntroductionGMR 2019 have suggested fixed hours of self-directed learning (SDL) for all subjects for helping the students to develop their learning skills and sense of responsibility for a better learning in future. Presently, the trend of SDL is becoming more e learning centric in comparison to use of text books with its consequent advantages and disadvantages. The present study aimed to analyze the challenges associated with this trend in the phase 1 MBBS students.
MethodsIn an interventional educative study 203 phase 1 students from an urban medical college were assessed for an SDL based project on clinical aspects of the urea cycle at the end of the topic ammonia metabolism in Department of Biochemistry. Output from students were analysed for their trend for using resource materials, selection of relevant materials and originality of their inputs during the SDL process. Data obtained were analysed for their percentage distribution anddifference of mean values as applicable.
Results Out of 197 students who submitted their SDL projects in completed form, 61% students used internet information only, 20% used books only while 19% used both their resource materials. 32% of them could not use right key words for search and produced irrelevant materials in their topic. About 58% adopted copy and paste process without any change. Interestingly, the marks obtained by text book users were significantly higher than those using e resource materials.
ConclusionsThe present study reveals that in spite of having a higher inclination to use e learning resources most of the students are yet to coordinate between their study topic & internet information. Moreover, the trend for copying without comprehension was found to be significantly higher among e learners. Hence, the investigators suggest that for proper use of SDL, guidance by expert faculties regarding how to search internet properly using appropriate keywords and how to comprehend the core information of the e-resources into their own language are necessary to make it a successful component of CBME.
Knowledge and Practice of Documentation Techniques among Staff Nurses
Authors: Gurung Nirmala
Published: May 2022

IntroductionNurses are the backbone of health care systems. They are have to deal with documentation process regularly.There may be good knowledge and poor practice about documentation.The objective of the study is to find out knowledge and practice of documentation among staff nurses.
MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on staff nurses of a College of Medical Sciences- Teaching hospital between, after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A purposive sampling method was used and sample size was calculated to be 200. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic details and knowledge and practice of documentation. Data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences version 20.Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
ResultsThe knowledge of documentation was seen adequate among 150(75%) staff nurses. The practice of documentation was seen poor 188(94%) among staff nurses. 
ConclusionsThe prevalence of adequate knowledge and poor practice is more in our study which is similar to other studies done in similar settings. Therefore, there is need of inservice education among staff nurses, thereby reaching a better patient care and safeguarding them from legal issues.
The Effect of Work Place Design on Employee Job Engagement: Evidence from Public Commercial Banks in Colombo
Authors: M.M.S.Madushika  , R. G. Ariyawansa
Published: May 2022

The organizational success is depending on the employee engagement to their work to achieve organizational goals effectively. Physical environment and the design of the working place are the crucial factors which determine the positive work engagement. However, in the present context, designing a workplace has become a somewhat difficult task due to owners, architects, and developers are constructing improper workplaces for any type of job due to lack of information about appropriate office layout. Therefore, the convenient physical environment with appropriate layout is one of the most important factors that affect employee job engagement. Consequently, the study attempts to identify effects of workplace designs on employee job engagement in selected public commercial banks in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Sample selection of the study based on convenient sampling including 101 employees from Bank of Ceylon and Peoples Bank in Colombo. Structured questionnaire survey was conducted on a sample of employees to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics using regression analysis. According to the study's findings, the use of various office layouts varies depending on the designation level of employees in those selected public commercial bank. Also, office layout, noise, quality of air, colors and privacy have positive significant impact to the job engagement of employees in public commercial banks. The study will assist property managers and human resource managers in determining employee perceptions and attitudes regarding their workplace, which can be considered as a important aspect in developing strategies. Finally, the convenient and attractive work place designing in future planning context which help to increase employees' job engagement and to achieve organizational goals effectively in Sri Lanka.
Keywords: Employee Job Engagement, Physical Environment, Work Place Design
Compensation for Compulsory Land Acquisition; Does Social Sustainability Matters on Satisfaction
Authors: G. S. Dilrukshi  , N. C. Wickramaarachchi
Published: May 2022

Payment of compensation for different types of losses are continuously experiencing in Sri Lanka. One of the typical aspects is the compulsory land acquisition. Government acquires the lands from private landowners for providing infrastructure in terms of public interest and proceeds to pay the monetary compensation recovering the losses while the National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) intends to address involuntary resettlement because of land acquisition. However, distrusting is arising on satisfaction of the victims of this process and no evidence how far the social sustainability concept is addressed. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the determinants of satisfaction while focusing on the factors representing the social sustainability concept in compensation procedure of compulsory land acquisition of Sri Lanka. For acquiring data, questionnaire survey was conducted with 30 re-settlers who were the victims of government land acquisition for a reservoir project and an interview was carried out with prominent community leaders on 09 factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a content analysis. The findings reveal that social sustainability aspects of neighborhood environment, education, market availability, electricity, and public health services were successful to some extent, while there were significant inconsistencies amongst assessed components within individual cases. Hence, the study reveals that pure monetary compensation process was unsuccessful since it represents the inadequacy to cover all losses of victims. Thus, for a total loss a resettling strategy is essential along with high concentration on the social sustainability aspects.
Keywords: Compulsory Land Acquisition, Involuntary Resettlement Policy, Payment of Compensation, Social Sustainability Concept, Satisfaction
Identification of Suitable Areas for Concentrated Development in Colombo Municipal Council Area, Using GIS Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation
Authors: W. Y. Kumuduni  , G. H. M. Thamarasi  , T. Premaraj  , A. A. Priyantha  , L.N. I. Silva  , K.G.P.K. Weerakoon
Published: May 2022

More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, which are becoming increasingly congested because of uncontrollable population growth. Zoning is an essential tool in successful urban planning which is a method used to regulate the land use and making concentrated development zones. Defining this concentrated area need to follow some scientific method, because urban areas are connected with complex activity system and different indicators are used to find out those activity systems. Hence different indicators are needed to find the concentrated development zone. GIS based Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method can be used to identify the different suitability in urban planning perspective. Colombo is one of the emerging cities in South Asia as well as it is the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. Even though there are under- utilized lands available, it is difficult to get the highest and best use from present use. On the other hand, city need to address the demand for commercial and other developments. This study aims to identify most suitable areas for concentrated development within Colombo Municipal Council area. A GIS based multi­criteria analysis was used to identify the most suitable areas for concentrated development with the criteria of Roads, Population density, Building density, Railway stations, Underserved settlement and Sewer network. The outcome shows that several areas within Colombo Municipal Council area have the potential for concentrated development, yet some areas of concentrated development zone does not. Further four criteria were used for urban growth evaluation which includes: Slope, land fertility, distance to urban center, and distance to road. The final suitability map identified four levels for suitability as Very High, High, Moderate and Low.
Keywords: Suitability analysis, Multi Criteria Evaluation, Zoning Plan, Concentrated zone
MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC RISKS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF MARITIME TRAVEL COMPANIES
Authors:   Odessa National Maritime University, Baldzhy Maryna
Published: May 2022

The activities of maritime tourism companies are characterized by a significant number of various economic risks. The article attempts to determine the exposure of maritime tourism companies to risk based on the disclosures in their financial statements.The originality of the study is the identification of economic risks for maritime tourism companies, which is based on a probability approach in recognizing events.The article discusses the theoretical foundations for studying the risks of travel companies, highlights methods for further research, analyzes the state of scientific proposals in identifying economic risks and the prospects for using modeling, substantiates aspects of managing economic risks based on the use of financial reporting when building models, and suggests ways to use to develop management strategies dealing with economic risks.The interpretation of the risk of a maritime tourism company is proposed as the unpredic-tability of a negative impact on the results of decision-making and on the general conditions that they may encounter in the daily business process, due to limited unknown events.It has been determined that maritime tourism companies disclose risk factors using unstructured data, and this makes it difficult to determine the types of risk using traditional econometric methods. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Sent-LDA) thematic model, which is an extension of the original Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model, was used to identify exposures disclosed in the financial statements of maritime tourism companies. To identify the parameters of the LDA model for financial documents, Gibbs sampling was used, that is, an algorithm to create a sample of the joint distribution of a set of random variables. The study proved the universality and representativeness of economic risks; Maritime tourism companies have been proven to have business expansion risk, partnership risk, demand risk, seasonal risk, food risk and quarantine risk. At the same time, endogenous and exogenous components are considered: according to the first, each enterprise has its own unique business characteristics, and the identification of economic risks is realistic on the basis of financial statements; according to the second, studies of economic risks are aimed at increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the service sector market.The results of the study can be used by stakeholders to develop appropriate and timely economic risk management strategies.Keywords: economic risks, risk management, financial reporting, model LDA &Sent-LDA, maritime travel companies.
Minería en la Amazonia: un fracaso civilizatorio
Authors: Hallazi Méndez Luis A.
Published: May 2022

El Perú es después de Brasil el país con mayor territorio amazónico. La desordenada ocupación de esta parte de nuestro territorio comparte responsabilidad con las élites gubernamentales, puesto que las desastrosas decisiones de los gobernantes han dado como resultado una Amazonía cercada por las ambiciones del modelo extractivista, una de estas actividades es la minería.
En el presente artículo veremos que cualquier forma de minería genera impactos en la naturaleza, el medio ambiente y la salud de la gente. Daremos cuenta también de que en la Amazonía, por ser un ecosistema sumamente frágil, no debería practicarse ningún tipo de explotación minera. Ejemplo de ello es la situación en Madre de Dios a causa de la minería ilegal, que ha arrasado con miles de hectáreas de bosques, ha contaminado ríos, cochas, peces, y ha afectado la salud de miles de miembros de pueblos originarios.
КОМУНІКАТИВНІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ОБЛАСНИХ КРАЄЗНАВЧИХ МУЗЕЇВ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19: ПЕРШИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Бем Наталия , Курченко Тетяна
Published: May 2022

У статті розглядаються трансформації, які відбулись у соціокомунікаційній діяльності музеїв України у зв’язку із запровадженням загальнонаціональних карантинних заходів, пов’язаних із пандемією COVID-19. Введення жорстких соціальних обмежень змусило музеї усього світу терміново перевести свою роботу в онлайн режим та зосередитись переважно на сучасних комунікативних інструментах, що уможливлювали віддалений доступ до музейних колекцій та онлайн-комунікацію із суспільством. Вже за перші півроку карантинних обмежень кожна музейна установа обрала для себе найбільш ефективні форми роботи, чим збагатила загальний досвід організації онлайн-діяльності в інститутах соціальної пам’яті. Предметом аналізу у статті є особливості перебудови соціальної комунікації обласних краєзнавчих музеїв України в початковий період локдауну та адаптованого карантину за допомогою використання сучасних інструментів. Визначено, що регіональні музейні установи, спираючись на рекомендації урядових установ, міжнародних та вітчизняних музейних комітетів та власний досвід, накопичений в докарантинний період, зуміли перебороти розгубленість перших днів і тижнів обмеження офлайн-діяльності та запропонувати суспільству оптимальні інструменти та форми доступу до музейних колекцій.
Авторами статті було з’ясовано, що основними каналами комунікації обласних краєзнавчих музеїв стали соціальні мережі, і в першу чергу мережа Фейсбук. В організації діяльності регіональних музеїв в перші місяці карантинних обмежень активно почали використовувались такі форми комунікації як онлайн-виставки, онлайн-конференції, онлайн-флеш-моби для дорослих та дітей, віртуальні зустрічі з кураторами музейних колекцій, майстер-класи в режимі онлайн, засідання у віддаленому режимі музейних гуртків тощо. В статті зазначається, що вже два роки поспіль людство продовжує жити в умовах пандемії і пристосовуватися до нових умов комунікації, отже досвід, набутий українськими краєзнавчими музеями в процесі налагодження комунікації із місцевими громадами в перші місяці соціальних обмежень, продовжує залишатися цікавим та актуальним
СОЦІАЛЬНА КОМУНІКАЦІЯ ЯК ВАЖЛИВА СКЛАДОВА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНОГО ПРОСТОРУ
Authors: Левченко Інна
Published: May 2022

У статті обґрунтовується нова роль соціальної комунікації у сучасному інформаційно-комунікаційному просторі. Автор з'ясовує обмеженість використання у соціологічному дискурсі теорії «інформаційного суспільства», пропонуючи нові підходи у визначенні сутності соціальної комунікації та її впливу на процеси трансформації світової спільноти. Аналіз тематики сучасних наукових досліджень призводить до висновку про необхідність приділити увагу змісту комунікаційних процесів у діяльності соціальних інститутів та соціальних практик, що зароджуються, на основі новітніх комунікаційних технологій, що надалі дозволить посилити практичну значимість соціологічної науки в цілому.
Розглядається багатоаспектний і багатогранний соціальний феномен, пов'язаний з інформаційними та комунікаційними технологіями, що інтенсивно змінюються. Аналізується історичний процес формування ІКП першим елементом якого виступала людська мова, як перший канал соціальної комунікації, що виникла в ході трудової діяльності первісних людей. Згадується мовний канал соціальної комунікації як ефективний засіб взаємодії у відносинах людей.
У дослідженні акцентується увага на важливих функціях розвитку суспільства, зокрема: пізнання та розуміння, пояснення та передчуття, самовираження та саморозуміння, соціальне пізнання та вплив, розвиток основних форм відносин у людському колективі, соціалізація, переконання та ін. Разом з цим, розглядаються головні функції соціальної комунікації: досягнення поставленої мети; підтримка її внутрішньої структури в динамічному та гнучкому стані; адаптація до зовнішнього середовища; здатність змінюватись або навіть удосконалюватися.
У процесі дослідження було з’ясовано, що людська мова в інформаційно-комунікаційному просторі виступає як окрема структурна одиниця, і як окремий канал комунікації.
Influências das pedagogias ambientais no Ensino de ciências
Authors: Marques Ronualdo , Gonzalez Carlos Eduardo Fortes
Published: May 2022

As tendências pedagógicas tradicionais da Educação se apropriaram das pedagogias ambientais surgidas no movimento ambientalista, circunscrevendo-as pelas pedagogias tradicionais (liberais ou progressistas), conforme as orientações formativas dos docentes e das instituições de ensino, em função dos contextos socioculturais variados da história da Educação nacional. Este processo histórico faz com que as pedagogias ambientais possam ser categorizadas como sendo de tipologias liberais ou progressistas, determinando certos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, às vezes em detrimento de outros, em função da orientação pedagógica professoral ou escolar. Por sua vez, este determinismo pedagógico para a abordagem do meio ambiente influencia também a Educação em Ciências, que poderá ter os seus enfoques ou conteúdos definidos a partir destas correntes pedagógicas ambientais, em direção às tendências pedagógicas ambientais liberais ou progressistas, conforme o contexto educacional, ou seja, espaços e tempos do ambiente escolar ou acadêmico. O presente estudo conceitua e discute as diversas tendências das pedagogias ambientais em correlação aos contextos do Ensino de Ciências, expondo sinteticamente as possibilidades que se apresentam para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem e como estas vertentes pedagógicas ambientais podem enriquecer o aprendizado na Educação em Ciências.
Postoperative Surgical Site Infections in the Department of General Surgery of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ghimire Pradeep , Shrestha Binod Bade , Karki Om Bahadur , Timilsina Bishowdeep , Neupane Ananda , Bhandari Aprajita
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Surgical site infection is defined by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention as a wound infection that occurs within 30 days of an operative procedure or within a year if an implant is left in place and the infection is thought to be secondary to surgery. It occupies 20% to 39% of all the infections acquired in hospitals. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of postoperative surgical site infections in the Department of General Surgery of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on a total of 384 post-operative patients of abdominal surgery was conducted in the Department of General Surgery of a tertiary care centre from August 1, 2020 to July 30, 2021 with ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 267). Convenience sampling was done. Post-operative patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0. Point estimate was done at a 95% Confidence Interval along with frequency and percentages for binary data and mean with standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: Among 384 patients, the prevalence of surgical site infection was found to be 65 (16.92%) (13.15-20.65 at a 95% Confidence Interval). The patients had a mean age of 42.06±21.92 years.
Conclusions: The prevalence of surgical site infection was higher in our study in comparison to other similar studies conducted in similar settings.
Diarrhoea among Children Under Five Years of Age Residing in a Village Development Committee: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mishra Rimu , Acharya Alok , Yadav Amar Kumar , Shreewastav Rupesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Diarrhoea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among young children. It is reported that a large number of under five-year children still die of diarrhoea in Nepal. Nepal is striving for reducing childhood mortality by two thirds. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of diarrhoea among children under five years of age in a village development committee.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed among 356 children below 5 years of age residing in the Village Development Committee between January, 2018 and December, 2018 after getting ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 209/2017). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and other pertinent information. Convenience sampling was done. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel version 16.0 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data and mean with standard deviation for continuous data.
Results: Out of 356 children less than five years of age, diarrhoea was prevalent in 156 (43.82%) (38.67-48.97 at 95% Confidence Interval). Eighty-six (55.12%) were males and 70 (44.87%) were females.
Conclusions: The prevalence of diarrhoea in our study was higher when compared to similar studies conducted in similar settings.
Scar Rupture in Early Puerperium: A Case Report
Authors: Dahal Jyoti , Saha Rachana
Published: May 2022

Uterine scar dehiscence or rupture is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of caesarean delivery. It is the opening of the uterine incision line that can lead to postpartum haemorrhage, pelvic hematoma, pelvic abscess, endomyometritis, generalised or localised peritonitis and sepsis. Here we report a case of a 25 years old female who presented with puerperal pyrexia. Investigations revealed uterine scar rupture with a uterovesical collection. The case was managed conservatively with intravenous antibiotics, an intracervical Foley’s catheter and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.
An Outbreak Investigation of Varicella Zoster among Male Military Personnel in a Military Training Centre
Authors: Karki Parag , Budhathoki Lee , Poudel Anita , Maharjan Swojay , Khadka Manoj , Shrestha Lochana , Paudel Leela
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Chickenpox is an acute, highly infectious disease. Outbreaks can occur in adults in closed institutional settings like hostels and barracks. This study aims to report varicella zoster outbreak among male military personnel in a military training centre.
Methods: An outbreak investigation of chickenpox in a military training school and tertiary hospital was conducted. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 267). Data was collected from February 5, 2020 to April 10, 2020 by questionnaire and clinical examination. Case definitions were prepared as per the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Data was entered and analysed in Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results: Out of the 167 male personnel in the training centre, 90 (53.89%) were susceptible to varicella and 84 (50.29%) were close contacts. The secondary attack rate of varicella zoster was 21.43% (18 cases). The mean age of the patients was 22.33±1.72 years. The mean days of admission were 5±2.28 days. The most common clinical features were generalised rash in 18 (100%), fever in 15 (83.33%), and body ache in 12 (66.67%) cases.
Conclusions: Natural history, clinical, and epidemiological features of varicella zoster in a closed institutional setting was studied with the secondary attack rate being less as compared to other studies.
Organophosphorus Poisoning among Acute Poisoning Cases Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Secondary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pandey Subhash , Shrestha Nitesh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Organophosphorus is an easily available compound, especially in agriculture and farming related areas. This study evaluated organophosphorus poisoning among the population in those high-risk areas. The main objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of organophosphorus poisoning among acute poisoning cases presenting to the Emergency Department of a secondary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 427 patients presenting to the Emergency Department in a secondary care centre from 17th July, 2018 to 14th January, 2022. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 01/2075-76). All the patients presenting to the Emergency Department were included and the patients without consent, patients with trauma, accident, severe illness and other emergency conditions were excluded. A convenience sampling was done. Data were collected and entered in Microsoft Excel version 2007 and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science version 25.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Out of 427 patients, 203 (47.54%) (42.80-52.28 at 95% Confidence Interval) had organophosphorus poisoning. It was most commonly seen in the age group 16-30 years among 103 (50.74%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of organophosphorus poisoning in our study was similar when compared to other studies conducted in similar settings. Most of the organophosphorus poisoning cases were intentional and suicidal which is similar to other studies.
Emergency Caesarean Section in a COVID-19 Infected Mother in a Primary Health Care Centre
Authors: KC Anil , Prativa Subedi  , Dahal Sujata , Poudel Ujjawal
Published: May 2022

People from rural areas of Nepal struggle to have access to adequate medical care on time. Most of the tertiary centres are overburdened by patients, while the peripheral health facilities have been unable to function efficiently due to a lack of infrastructures and skilled manpower needed to run hospitals smoothly. We present a case of a 21-year-old primigravida at 41 weeks and 3 days of gestation with mild COVID-19 symptoms who underwent a Caesarean section for non-progression of labour and foetal distress at a primary health care centre in Nepal; however, both maternal and foetal outcomes were favourable. Therefore, upgrading the quality of care in peripheral health facilities can help in the achievement of accessibility, equity, and quality in health care service in Nepal.
Vitamin D Deficiency among Patients Presenting to Outpatient Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Karki Adhyashree , Vaidhya Shreeju , Kunwar Dipak , Kunwar Rajyashree
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern with over billions of people worldwide being vitamin D deficient or insufficient. Many epidemiological studies have reported cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and neoplastic diseases to be associated with vitamin D levels. This study aims to find out the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients presenting to the outpatient Department of Medicine of a tertiary care center.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done among 362 patients in the outpatient Department of Medicine of a tertiary care center between May, 2016 and August, 2016. Ethical Approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 21082015). Convenience sampling was done. Informed consent was obtained and data were collected. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science version 25.0. Point estimate at a 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentages for binary data.
Results: Out of 362 patients, vitamin D deficiency was found in 215 (59.39%) (54.33-64.45 at 95% Confidence Interval) patients.
Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found to be lower to the other studies done in in similar settings. Physicians should be aware of the growing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.