bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical control of an Airy beam via four-wave mixing and six-wave mixing
Authors: Li Xinghua , Gao Yuxuan , Lin Yixin , Fang Wannian , Zhang Jinjing , Wang Zhiguo , Zhang Yanpeng
Published: April 2020

We use a conventional linear Airy beam to prepare a nonlinear Airy beam via four-wave mixing (FWM) and six-wave mixing (SWM) processes in an atomic vapor. We find that its ballistic trajectory is a result of the competition between the transverse self-acceleration and nonlinear phase shift, and the intensity of Airy beam’s sub lobes or main lobe is suppressed due to destructive interference of the FWM and SWM processes. By controlling the nonlinear overlap area of the linear Airy beam and two Gaussian beams, we find that the Airy beam’s profile varies from one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D). The profile evolution process can be applied to create a new (to our knowledge) type of nonlinear filter. In addition, we also observe the Airy beam’s pattern in momentum space with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an atomic vapor. Our research results open up new possibilities for manipulating Airy beams that cannot be achieved with a conventional Airy beam.
Design of broadband highly reflective subwavelength high-index-contrast gratings in the visible regime
Authors: Shi Xingzhe , Lu Yuanfu , Chen Changshui , Liu Songhao , Li Guangyuan
Published: April 2020

We report the design of broadband highly reflective subwavelength high-index-contrast gratings (HCGs) for both TE and TM polarizations in the visible regime. Results show that high reflectivity above 99% covering 544–726 nm or 510–666 nm can be achieved, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of Δλ/λ0 = 28.7% or 26.5% for the TM or TE polarization, respectively. We reveal that these broad high-reflectivity bands originate from a blend of multiple leaky modes, similar to the counterparts operating in the near-infrared regime. By investigating the effects of the grating height, period, and width, we find that the broadband high reflectivity requires careful optimization. We expect that this work will advance the engineering of broadband HCG reflectors and promote their applications in the visible regime.
Characters as fictional migrants: Atonement, adaptation and the screenplay process
Authors: Hermansson Joakim
Published: April 2020

The migration metaphor has been widely used in connection with media adaptions, but the metaphor has remained an abstract figure of speech. Yet, to understand characters as migrants who go through journeys of acculturation when they are adapted for the screen may enhance understanding of both the characters’ potential and problems that may arise during the development process. This article proposes that the development of characters and their processes – as fictional beings – can be understood through the use of models that describe real migrants’ adaptation processes. Using Christopher Hampton’s screenplay drafts for the film Atonement (2001), it outlines how such migratory journeys go hand in hand with screenwriters’ problem-solving processes. The article thus develops the idea that migrating characters, in their capacity as fictional beings and the thematic issues that they represent, both adapt to and appropriate their new media environments; simultaneously, they are appropriated by new creative forces and by the conventions of those new media environments, who in turn must adapt to the characters in this process of bi-directional acculturation.
Negotiating autobiographical truth: Embodying sensation in the narrative screenplay
Authors: Wilson Gavin
Published: April 2020

This article examines how screenwriting adaptations of written material speak of levels of truth-telling within various autobiographical texts. These include literary adaptations by Marguerite Duras: Hiroshima Mon Amour (1959) and The North China Lover (1992), and the autobiographical filmmaking of Maya Deren: Meshes of the Afternoon (1946) and The Very Eye of Night (1958). I argue that descriptions of tactile sensation necessarily remain codified in screenplays, their connotations left hanging even when the filmmaking process often falls short of depicting final truth. What remains is an unresolved problematic perception standing in for an experience. Our own experience of cinema can invariably be one wherein neither words nor images appear, or reappear, as to how they felt for the screenwriter. Is this a wholly negative situation, or merely the continuation of mediation, remediation and the contingent transposition of one medium into another? Drawing on examples from the screenwriting and/or filmmaking of Duras and Deren, I discuss why the screenwriter always writes in personal terms (because the personal is inescapable), and that this is a personal experience of imagination through the writing. Moreover, I test the idea that screenwriting only emerges in a form that we can recognize as truth, through its depictions of tactility and its representations of sensation.
Writing for the Screen: Creative and Critical Approaches, Craig Batty and Zara Waldeback (2019)
Authors: Daniels Y’Dhanna
Published: April 2020

Review of: Writing for the Screen: Creative and Critical Approaches, Craig Batty and Zara Waldeback (2019)

London: Red Globe Press, 2nd ed., 282 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-352-00608-7, h/bk, $89.99

ISBN 978-1-352-00602-5, p/bk, $27.99
Writing Hollywood: The Work and Professional Culture of Television Writers, Patricia F. Phalen (2018)
Authors: Morgasen David
Published: April 2020

Review of: Writing Hollywood: The Work and Professional Culture of Television Writers, Patricia F. Phalen (2018)

New York: Routledge, 110 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13822-982-2, p/bk, $42.95
Pink-Slipped: What Happened to Women in the Silent Film Industries?, Jane M. Gaines (2018)
Authors: Phillips Amelia
Published: April 2020

Review of: Pink-Slipped: What Happened to Women in the Silent Film Industries?, Jane M. Gaines (2018)

Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 203 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-25208-343-3, p/bk, $29.95
This is neither America nor Paris: The east–west divide in Eastern European queer-themed films
Authors: Feldmann Fanni
Published: April 2020

The fantasy of the west as a land of 'dreams come true' is a long tradition in the Eastern European cultural imagination and in cinema as well. Eastern European queer-themed films imagine the west as a utopian dreamland and depict the East (Eastern Europe) as backward and futureless. By analysing relevant Eastern European queer-themed films from three different decades, this article points out how the inherited fantasy of the west as imagined during the state socialist era infiltrates Eastern Europe's self-perception, when – in an act of self-colonization – the films create a hierarchy of values within which the liberal west is contrasted with the depiction of Eastern European spaces through othering strategies central in western thought. When the characters' dreams do come true – and they reach the west – disappointment is inevitable. Their retreat to their Eastern origins results in double disappointment, being trapped between crushed western dreams and Eastern nightmares.
'More coming out, bigger market': Queer visibility and queer subjectivity in the Chinese pink market
Authors: Huang Shuzhen , Wong Terrie Siang-Ting
Published: April 2020

The transnational circulation of Euro-American queer discourse affects queer subjectivity in local contexts. Through a case study of the Rainbow Love wedding competition, this article unravels the interplay between transnational queer politics, queer affect and the economy of visibility in the emerging pink market to explore how they shape the queer landscape in mainland China. Rainbow Love demonstrates how recent queer visibility in Chinese media manifests as a narrative commodity that is embedded in consumerism and in colonialist sexual discourse. By exploiting post-Cold War anxiety in mainland China, Rainbow Love invites affective identification and produces an 'ideal' queer subjectivity in the Chinese pink market: cosmopolitan, mobile and middle-class queers who desire and can afford luxury consumption. We argue that such queer visibility in the Chinese pink market has become a regulatory force on Chinese queer subjects despite the liberatory narratives that are advocated in the mass media.
An Overlooked Key Element in North Wakashan Morphophonemics
Authors: Rath John
Published: April 2020

Investigated is a morphophonemic entity that manifests itself in a rich variety of ways including doubling or glottalization of a resonant; the phonemes /a/, /i/, /u/; the morpheme boundary marker /ə/ and, in the variety of North Wakashan made famous by Franz Boas, an opposition type unknown in the other varieties. It is a byproduct of some of the complex processes triggered by attaching certain types of suffix to a stem but occurs also as a constituent of morphemes and as a device to turn bound roots into free forms. It has never before been identified and is a warning that we are nowhere near understanding the history of North Wakashan, let alone its possible relationships to neighbouring languages. No North Wakashan expertise is necessary to follow the discussion which is preceded by essential comparative phonemic and morphophonemic information.
A Few Steps Away yet Worlds Apart: A Closer Look at Changing Streetscapes in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Qamhaieh Abdellatif , El Kaftangui Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, continues to change at a rapid pace in response to city branding efforts. Significant investments in the city’s urban infrastructure and its built environment are widespread, as Abu Dhabi attempts to compete on the world stage and lure in tourists, corporations, and investors alike. City planners have been busy updating the city’s urban spaces and streetscapes. They have been transforming it into a sleek and modern contemporary Arab city with a ‘high-end’ feel – which has been successful thus far. As a result, Abu Dhabi’s name has become synonymous with luxury, and the city’s overall quality, livability, and resilience have improved significantly. At the other end of the spectrum, the lower-income segments of the society appear to be missing from the urban planning effort. Some of the urban upgrading interventions might be unintentionally taking away some of the vibrant and diverse aspects of informal street life. This is especially true in some areas, where monotonous and sterile newer environments and streetscapes are replacing the older, informal environments, mostly inhabited by lower-income workers. This paper takes a closer look at some of these older spaces and streetscapes in Abu Dhabi. Through a case study, it attempts to shed some light on some of these vibrant areas, which could potentially vanish soon. It also attempts to highlight the energetic nature of these streetscapes and bring this to the attention of city planners. The paper argues that valuable lessons could be learned from these informal spaces and that these lessons could contribute positively to future planning efforts in the city.
Observing and controlling a Tamm plasmon at the interface with a metasurface
Authors: Buchnev Oleksandr , Belosludtsev Alexandr , Reshetnyak Victor , Evans Dean R. , Fedotov Vassili A.
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate experimentally that Tamm plasmons in the near infrared can be supported by a dielectric mirror interfaced with a metasurface, a discontinuous thin metal film periodically patterned on the sub-wavelength scale. More crucially, not only do Tamm plasmons survive the nanopatterning of the metal film but they also become sensitive to external perturbations as a result. In particular, by depositing a nematic liquid crystal on the outer side of the metasurface, we were able to red shift the spectral position of Tamm plasmon by 35 nm, while electrical switching of the liquid crystal enabled us to tune the wavelength of this notoriously inert excitation within a 10-nm range.
Fabrication, optical properties, and applications of twisted two-dimensional materials
Authors: Gao Xiao-Guang , Li Xiao-Kuan , Xin Wei , Chen Xu-Dong , Liu Zhi-Bo , Tian Jian-Guo
Published: April 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted significant research attention due to their novel properties and wide range of applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. In particular, investigation of twist-controlled 2D materials has attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent properties such as smooth heterointerfaces, highly gate-tunable bandgaps, and ultrafast carrier transport. Twist-controlled 2D materials combined with their fascinating electronic structures have also indicated their outstanding potential in electronic and optoelectronic applications. In this review, the recent developments in twisted 2D materials are summarized, covering aspects related to their fabrication, twist angle-dependent optical properties, and optoelectronic applications. The photodetectors and orientation-dependent van der Waals junctions are introduced and discussed systematically. Finally, we deliver a summary and outlook to provide a guideline for the future development of this rapidly growing field.
Hot- or Cold-Blooded? A Laboratory Activity That Uses Accessible Technology to Investigate Thermoregulation in Animals
Authors: Unger Shem D. , Rollins Mark A. , Thompson Christy M.
Published: April 2020

Visualizing thermoregulation (endothermy vs. ectothermy) in animals can be challenging for students in undergraduate biology courses. Data-driven, hands-on laboratory activities can enhance student learning while reinforcing application of the scientific method. This article describes a visual-learning, inquiry-based activity that can be applied to introductory high school and college biology laboratories with the use of easily accessible technology (a smartphone and an inexpensive thermal camera attachment). Students generate hypotheses and qualitatively observe real-time thermal images of live endothermic and ectothermic animals. This activity is effective in engaging students by allowing them to visualize thermoregulation and body temperature. We provide suggestions for modifying the activity to further investigate animal behavior related to temperature regulation.
Effective Techniques for the Care, Reproduction & Utilization of the Terrestrial Isopod Porcellio scaber in Your Science Classroom
Authors: Wagler Ron
Published: April 2020

Terrestrial isopods (often referred to as sow bugs or pill bugs) are small, land-dwelling crustaceans. Because of their gentle nature, terrestrial isopods are excellent animals to have in a science classroom. There are many fun and effective classroom activities that utilize terrestrial isopods to teach science concepts, but there are multiple barriers to acquiring the large number of terrestrial isopods needed for classroom activities. Furthermore, when terrestrial isopods are brought into the classroom, the possibility exists that they will die inhumanely because finding good information on their proper care and reproduction can be difficult. Websites, books, and magazines frequently provide contradictory, inaccurate, incomplete, overly complex, and inhumane care information. To address these issues, this article explains how to set up a simple, low-maintenance, and inexpensive classroom enclosure for the terrestrial isopod species Porcellio scaber. These techniques, which I use in my classroom, produce large numbers of healthy captive-bred P. scaber. This article also presents examples of effective, hands-on classroom activities utilizing P. scaber.
Law Reform as a Response to Terrorist Threats
Authors: Noorda Hadassa
Published: April 2020

This article sets out guidelines for law reform processes to account for the challenges that terrorism may pose to the rule of law and democracy. As a response to terrorism, an increase in reforms of laws and administrative measures has been seen across jurisdictions. The substantive offenses themselves have been criticized, but as of yet, the theoretical issues that may arise during processes of reform have not been considered. However, law reform as a direct and immediate response to such events may curtail the rule of law and democracy: there may be inadequate time for debate in the legislature regarding proposed measures, or the debate may be centered on arguments based on fear and hate toward perpetrators. This article argues that this may curtail individual autonomy of citizens and truncate democracy. It sets out guidelines for how processes of law reform may treat people as capable of self-moderation.
O meu avô: Representações do idoso e das relações intergeracionais nos livros-álbum de Manuela Bacelar e Catarina Sobral
Authors: Souza Silva Jéssica Amanda de
Published: April 2020

Este estudo objetiva investigar e comparar as representações do idoso e das relações intergeracionais entre avôs e netos nos textos e imagens de dois livros-álbum infantis portugueses, de mesmo título – O meu avô –, de Manuela Bacelar (1990) e Catarina Sobral (2014). Em cada uma das obras seleccionadas, foram analisadas, através da observação da relação texto/imagem: (1) as descrições das personagens idosas e crianças; (2) a relação intergeracional dessas personagens; (3) a presença e configuração/ausência dos elementos afectivos; e (4) as similitudes entre as obras no que diz respeito às representações do idoso e das relações intergeracionais. Para tanto, este artigo ancora-se, sobretudo, em estudos acerca do livro-álbum, a exemplo de Arizpe & Styles (2016), Boon & Dain (2015), Cardoso (2017), Ramos (2010; 2011), Carvalho (2005) e Colomer, Kümmerling-Meibauer & Silva-Diaz (2010).
Delincuencia socioeconómica y daño social. Perspectivas político-criminales para un contexto poscrisis
Authors: Castro Liñares David , Bonsignore Fouquet Dyango
Published: April 2020

El daño social es un concepto que ha acompañado al Derecho penal desde sus primeras enunciaciones Modernas. Sin embargo, tratar delito y daño social como nociones diferenciadas ha evidenciado una brecha conceptual de gran calado. Esto, unido a la existencia de asentadas inercias que sobre/infra representan a determinados colectivos, en el límite, puede llegar a situar al Derecho penal ante una crisis de legitimidad. Todo esto se muestra con especial claridad en el ámbito de la delincuencia socioeconómica, que ha adquirido especial relevancia a partir de la Gran Recesión iniciada en 2008. La necesidad de adaptar el sistema penal a las nuevas realidades sociales ha propiciado la formulación de propuestas pensadas desde la dicotomía global/local. En este mismo contexto, las posibilidades que ofrece la formulación de una política criminal imaginativa pueden resultar fructíferas frente a los desafíos que plantea el actual contexto post-crisis.
Sobre la culpabilidad empresarial: notas para una coexistencia eficaz de los artículos 31 bis y 129 del Código Penal
Authors: Pérez González Sergio
Published: April 2020

El artículo propone interpretar dogmáticamente la valoración de la culpabilidad de las empresas a partir de la implementación de protocolos de cumplimiento. Así, las empresas con un compliance eficaz podrían ser inimputables, pero eso no evitaría atender a la persistencia de su peligrosidad. Esta dimensión podría atenderse mediante una reformulación del art. 129 CP, que así podría dotarse de racionalidad pragmática y sistemática, compatibilizándose con el art. 31bis CP
Una cuestión controvertida: Los Vehículos de Movilidad Personal, ¿Instrumento típico de un delito contra la seguridad vial?
Authors: Andrés Domínguez Ana Cristina
Published: April 2020

Las ciudades se han transformado un poco más en los tres o cuatro últimos años como consecuencia de la aparición de los llamados Vehículos de Movilidad Personal (VMP), entre los que destaca el “patinete eléctrico”. Su aparición en la vía pública está generando, además de ventajas indudables para los desplazamientos, situaciones de riesgo que, en ocasiones, se concretan en accidentes, algunos de ellos mortales.En el presente artículo se analizan los problemas que se plantean en torno a estos Vehículos de Movilidad Personal (su posible consideración o no como vehículos de motor y, por ende, su sometimiento a la normativa penal – fundamentalmente la relativa a los delitos contra la seguridad vial; el tratamiento de las muertes o lesiones causadas por estos aparatos, la responsabilidad civil, etc) a la par que se intentan aportar soluciones analizando, ante la ausencia – por ahora - de una Normativa estatal.
Small RNA-MediatedDe NovoSilencing ofAc/DsTransposons Is Initiated by Alternative Transposition in Maize
Authors: Wang Dafang , Zhang Jianbo , Zuo Tao , Zhao Meixia , Lisch Damon , Peterson Thomas
Published: April 2020

Transposable elements (TEs) are a ubiquitous feature of plant genomes. Because of the threat they pose to genome integrity, most TEs are epigenetically silenced. However, even closely related plant species...

Although transposable elements (TEs) comprise a major fraction of many higher eukaryotic genomes, most TEs are silenced by host defense mechanisms. The means by which otherwise active TEs are recognized and silenced remains poorly understood. Here we analyzed two independent cases of spontaneous silencing of the active maize Ac/Ds transposon system. This silencing is initiated by alternative transposition, a type of aberrant transposition event that engages the termini of two nearby separate TEs. Alternative transposition during DNA replication can generate Composite Insertions that contain inverted duplications of the transposon sequences. We show that the inverted duplications of two Composite Insertions are transcribed to produce double-stranded RNAs that trigger the production of two distinct classes of small interfering RNAs: a 24-nt class complementary to the TE terminal inverted repeats and noncoding subterminal regions, and a 21- to 22-nt class corresponding to the TE transcribed regions. Plants containing these small interfering RNA-generating Composite Insertions exhibit decreased levels of Ac transcript and heritable repression of Ac/Ds transposition. Further, we demonstrate that Composite Insertions can heritably silence otherwise active elements in trans. This study documents the first case of transposon silencing induced by alternative transposition and may represent a general initiating mechanism for silencing of DNA transposons.
Diffuse cognitive maps for analysis of vulnerability to climate variability in Andean rural micro-watersheds
Authors: Bolaños Portilla Isabel Cristina , Hurtado Sánchez Isabel Cristina , Restrepo Tarquino Inés
Published: April 2020

Diffuse cognitive map was applied to analyse factors of vulnerability to climate variability in rural Andean micro-watershed. The iModeler software was used as a tool that allows the modelling of these maps. As input information, the results of the socioecological dynamics analysis previously implemented in the case study were taken, and weights were assigned to each input factor in relation to a central factor in a time scale. The model applied in the El Chocho micro-watershed - Department of Valle del Cauca in Colombia, can be validated in similar contexts of the Andean Colombian area. A high degree of water shortage and increased pressure on the associated ecosystems was evidenced, which puts at risk the resilience of the socio-ecosystem to face climate variability. The results of this type of models are tools for decision making in adaptation at rural level.
An optimization model to solve the resource constrained project scheduling problem RCPSP in new product development projects•
Authors: Ortíz Pimiento Néstor Raúl , Diaz Serna Francisco Javier
Published: April 2020

New product development projects (NPDP) face different risks that may affect the scheduling. In this article, the purpose was to develop an optimization model to solve the RCPSP in NPDP and obtain a robust baseline for the project. The proposed model includes three stages: the identification of the project’s risks, an estimation of activities’ duration, and the resolution of an integer linear program. Two versions of the model were designed and compared in order to select the best one. The first version uses a method to estimate the activities’ duration based on the expected value of the impact of the risks and the second version uses a method based on the judgmental risk analysis process. Finally, the two version of the model were applied to a case study and the best version of the model was identified using a robustness indicator that analyses the start times of the baselines generated.
A 10-year single-center experience on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistotyping in Szeged, Hungary
Authors: Gajdács Márió , Urbán Edit
Published: April 2020

Stenotrophomonas maltophiliais an aerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacillus.S. maltophiliais a recognized opportunistic pathogen. Due to the advancements in invasive medical procedures, organ transplantation and chemotherapy of malignant illnesses, the relevance of this pathogen increased significantly. The therapy ofS. maltophiliainfections is challenging, as these bacteria show intrinsic resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, the first-choice drug is sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Our aim was to assess the epidemiology ofS. maltophiliafrom various clinical samples and the characterization of resistance-levels and resistotyping of these samples over a long surveillance period. The study includedS. maltophiliabacterial isolates from blood culture samples, respiratory samples and urine samples and the data for the samples, received between January 2008 until December 2017, a total of 817S. maltophiliaisolates were identified (respiratory samplesn= 579, 70.9%, blood culture samplesn= 175, 21.4% and urine samplesn= 63, 7.7%). Levofloxacin and colistin-susceptibility rates were the highest (92.2%;n= 753), followed by tigecycline (90.5%,n= 739), the first-line agent sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (87.4%,n= 714), while phenotypic resistance rate was highest for amikacin (72.5% of isolates were resistant,n= 592). The clinical problem of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-resistance is a complex issue, because there is no guideline available for the therapy of these infections.
Left ventricular apical rotation is associated with mitral annular function in healthy subjects. Results from the three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR-Healthy Study
Authors: Nemes A. , Kovács Z. , Kormányos Á. , Domsik P. , Kalapos A. , Ajtay Z. , Lengyel C.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Left ventricular (LV) twist is considered an essential part of LV function due to oppositely directed LV basal and apical rotations. Several factors could play a role in determining LV rotational mechanics in normal circumstances. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between LV rotational mechanics and mitral annular (MA) size and function in healthy subjects.

Methods

The study comprised 118 healthy adult volunteers (mean age: 31.5 ± 11.8 years, 50 males). All subjects had undergone complete two-dimensional (2D) Doppler echocardiography and three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) at the same time by the same echocardiography equipment.

Results

The normal mean LV apical and basal rotations proved to be 9.57 ± 3.33 and −3.75 ± 1.98°, respectively. LV apical rotation correlated with end-systolic MA diameter, area, perimeter, fractional area change, and fractional shortening, but did not correlate with any end-diastolic mitral annular morphologic parameters. The logistic regression model identified MA fractional area change as an independent predictor of ≤6° left ventricular apical rotation (P < 0.003).

Conclusions

Correlations could be detected between apical LV rotation and end-systolic MA size and function, suggesting relationships between MA dimensions and function and LV rotational mechanics.
The comparison of blood gas analysis (BGA) parameters in samples transported by the pneumatic tube system and manual transport at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan Hantoro , Marpaung Ferdy Royland
Published: April 2020

Background: Pneumatic Tube System (PTS) can reduce the time needed to transport laboratory samples, thus resulting in faster turn-around time. Blood gas analysis (BGA) is a critical laboratory examination, and it would benefit from sending the sample using PTS. Some studies showed the effect of PTS on BGAâ€™s parameters, so the laboratory should validate the usage of PTS before delivering the samples. This study aims to determine the comparison of BGA parameters in Sample Transported by Pneumatic Tube System and Manual Transport at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.Method: A cross sectional analytic study was conducted among 31 blood patients and divided into two syringes. One syringe was delivered by PTS as well as the other was transported by courier. The delivery distance was 250 meters for both transportations. Both samples then were examined by qualified laboratory analyst. The pH, pCO2, and pO2 were compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 for windows.Result: The result of pH, pO2 and pCO2 in PTS samples was not significantly different compared to manual transportation (p=0,799; p=0,955 and p=0,856 respectively). Bland-Altman plot was found a good agreement between both types of transportation method.Conclusion: The result of this study showed no significant difference in BGAâ€™s parameters sent by PTS or manual transportation. PTS can be used to replace manual transportation in delivering blood gas samples to the central laboratory.
Testicular carcinoma in a female with 46-XY karyotype: a case report
Authors: Hapsari Siti Nurul , Agustina Betty
Published: April 2020

Background: Testicular cancer is now the most common malignancy in young males. Markers available in the management of patients with testicular cancer are alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Female patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and pure gonadal dysgenesis have a pure XY karyotype and an increased risk of developing a gonadal malignancy.Case Description: A 26-year-old female presented with a hardened stomach and primary amenorrhoea. Physical examination revealed Tanner Stage I for both the right and left breast and no pubic or axillary hair. On local examination, there was a large firm non-tender mass extending across the abdominopelvic region. Gynecological examinations revealed normal labia; however there was clitoromegaly, the vagina was blind (5 cm) with the absent cervix. Laboratory tests with increased abnormal results were as follows: LDH 3,448 U/L, AFP 1,842.6 ng/mL, Cortisol 22.41 ug/dL and Testosterone 128.7 ng/dL. An MSCT of the abdomen showed a solid mass with no signs of a vagina or uterus. Blood karyotyping results were 46 XY with the presence of the SRY gene. Due to an increase in LDH, AFP, Cortisol and Testosterone, with 46 XY karyotyping, Tanner stage 1 breasts, pubic and axillary hair, female genitalia phenotype and abdominal MSCT showing a solid mass with no signs of vagina and uterus, this patient was diagnosed with non seminoma testicular cancer with widespread disease and 46, XY karyotype (male).Conclusion: Testicular cancer is common in patients with gonadal dysgenesis, due to an increase in malignancy risk.
The hypercoagulation state among major Î²-thalassemia patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Silitonga Jane Tetraulina , Aman Adi Koesoema , Lubis Bidasari
Published: April 2020

Background:Â Thalassemia is the most common hereditary blood disorder in the world and Indonesia.Â MajorÂ Î²-thalassemiaÂ is classified asÂ Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia (TDT).Â Specific changes in the composition of red cell membrane lipids and hemosiderosis may lead to hypercoagulation. This study aimed to determine the difference in Protein C, Protein S, Antithrombin III (AT-III), and D-dimer between majorÂ Î²-thalassemiaÂ patients and normal people.Methods:Â This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design, including 18 major Î²-thalassemia patients in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan who met the study criteria and 18 normal controls. Subjects were examined for Protein C, Protein S, AT-III and D-dimer. The assessment was also carried out among patients based on their transfusion frequency and serum ferritin.Results: There were significant differences in Protein C, Protein S, and D-dimer levels between majorÂ Î²-thalassemiaÂ patients and normal controls (p < 0.05). AT-III level in majorÂ Î²-thalassemiaÂ patients was lower than healthy controls, however the difference was not significant. The level of Protein C in patients who infrequently and frequently underwent blood transfusions were 34.88 Â± 8.6 and 45.19 Â± 7.8 respectively, which was significantly different (p < 0.05). A significant differences in Protein C, Protein S and D-dimer were also found between patients with serum ferritin level < 2,500 ng/ml and Â â‰¥ 2500 ng/ml.Conclusion:Â Significant changes were found in anticoagulation proteins of major Î²-thalassemia patients. Frequent blood transfusions and chelation therapy should be emphasized for major thalassemia patients because they affect anticoagulation protein levels.
The comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) modify Westergren Caretium Xc-A30 and Westergren Manual in Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Witarini Dewi Made Minarti , Herawati Sianny , Mulyantari Ni Kadek , Prabawa I Putu Yuda
Published: April 2020

Â Background: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test is one of the most widely performed laboratory test to assess acute phase of inflammation, infection, autoimmune or malignancy. The reference method for ESR measurement was introduced by Westergren. This method is generally easy, un-expensive, yet, time consuming. Automatic instrument has been introduced to decrease the measurement time. Caretium XC-A30 is automatic instrument to measure ESR; it is used in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar without previous research. Aim of this study was to assess comparison, correlation and agreement of Caretium XC- A30 to the reference method.Methods: A total of 35 samples in consecutive sampling were taken during August 2018 at Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar. The samples were examined for ESR with Caretium XC-A30 and manual Westergren. Comparison, correlation and agreement were tested for both methods used.Results: The Westergren method was the reference method and Caretium XC-A30 was the tested method. Wilcoxon signed rank test showed no difference between two methods (p= 0.439). There was a very strong correlation and excellent agreement showed by Spearman coefficient correlation r= 0.989 and kappa coefficient 0.942. Conclusion: This study showed no difference between Caretium XC-A30 and Westergren as the reference method for ESR measurement, with very strong correlation and excellent agreement. Thus, Caretium XC-A30 has a potential use in performing ESR measurement with high throughput and lesser time than manual Westergren method.
The incidence of Clostridium Difficile infection in diarrhea patients after receiving antibiotics at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Chrisnanda Rima Hayyu , Wardhani Puspa
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Improper use of antibiotics is a risk factor for C. difficile infection. The increasing incidence of C. difficile infection is one of the indications of failure in infection prevention and control in hospitals. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of C. difficile infection in diarrhea patients after receiving antibiotics in the ICU and internal medicine ward of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya.Methods: Stool samples were taken from 31 diarrhea patients with at least 2 x 24-hours of antibiotic use who were admitted to the ICU and hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya from August 2017 to May 2018. Each sample was examined for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and A and B toxins of C. difficile. The results of this study were analyzed descriptively.Results: The average age of respondents was 48.94 (21 â€“ 86) years old. In addition, based on demographic data, it was predominant by females (65%), diabetes mellitus and fever (16%), and ceftriazone usage (22%). Â The results showed one sample (3%) with positive results and 30 samples (97%) with negative results for both A/B toxins and GDH enzyme.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the incidence of diarrhea in these patients was not due to C. difficile infection. The cause of diarrhea in these patients could be due to other causes such as a virus, fungus, or other bacterial infections. More sample collection is needed to provide more accurate data about C. difficile infection, so it can help to fulfill data for infection prevention and control in hospitals.
The ability of earthworm Lumbricus rubellus extract in slowing down the activation of NFkB and TNF-Î± in lipopolysaccharide-induced Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Foekh Neiny Prisy , Sukrama I Dewa Made , Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi
Published: April 2020

Background: Earthworm (L. rubellus) contains many compounds such as Lumbricin I, G-90 glycoprotein, and polyphenols as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective toward bacterial infections. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-Î±) has been identified as a mediator for necrosis tumor inside animal serum treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). High concentrated LPS can cause tissue damage and death. The increasing number of Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (NFkB) activation has been responded by macrophage to produce cytokines pro-inflammation TNF-Î± as an indicator of inflammation.Methods: The research was conducted in the Animal Laboratory Pharmacology Unit, Biomolecular Laboratorium, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University and the Pathology Clinic Sanglah General Hospital with a post-test only control group design. Thirty-two experimental rats were made as samples and divided into four groups, which are negative control, positive control, treatment 1, and treatment 2. Treatment was performed for 14 days. The containment of NFkB and TNF-Î± was measured on the 16thÂ day using quantitative technique sandwich enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).Results: The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test and Leveneâ€™s test showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous, with p > 0.05. As the data were normally distributed, the one way ANOVA was used to analyze the data, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. There was a significant difference between the average amount of TNFÎ± found in each treatment group p = 0.001 (< 0.05). There were also significant differences between the average amount of NFkB found in each treatment group p = 0.001 (< 0.05). Advanced test using LSD shows more significant differences by p < 0.05. Conclusion: It can be concluded that earthworm extract (L.rubellus) raises the amount of NFkB and TNF-Î± in male experimental rats injected with LPS.
A rare case of Hb H disease caused by compound heterozygous for Î± thalasemia and Hb Quong Sze in Chinese Indonesian proband: a case report
Authors: Widyastiti Nyoman Suci , Nainggolan Ita Margaretha , Kurnia Edward L , Retnoningrum Dwi , Budiwiyono Imam
Published: April 2020

Background: Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease is alpha thalassemia characterized by inactivation of three of four Î±-globin genes due to deletions with or without non-deletional Î±-thalassemia. Hb Quong Sze (Hb QS) is a very rare non-deletional Î±-thalassemia in Indonesia caused by a CTGLeu>CCGPronucleotide substitution at codon 125 of Î±2 globin gene generating highly unstable hemoglobin. Compound heterozygosity for Hb QS and Southeast Asian double Î±-globin gene deletion (--SEA) result in accumulation of b-globin tetramers, causing hemolytic anemia.Case Report: A 49 years old Chinese Indonesian female was assessed for thalassemia screening. The phenotype of the proband was normal and only mild anemia was noticeable. She experienced blood transfusion five years ago due to a sudden fall of hemoglobin level after malarial infection. Complete blood count found hemoglobin 8.3 g/dL, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) 65.7 fl and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) 17.1 pg. HbH disease suggested by abundant Hb H inclusion bodies in the red blood cells. Microcapillary hemoglobin electrophoresis result showed HbH 31.8 %, Hb Bart 0.4%, HbA 67.3% and HbA2 0.5%. Molecular studies were carried out using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and the common a0-thalassemia(--SEA) was detected in one allele. Direct sequencing analysis of the Î±1 and Î±2 globin genes revealed Hb QS in the other allele.Conclusion: Non-deletional Hb H disease due to compound heterozygous ofÂ  Hb QS with Southeast Asian double Î±-globin gene deletion (--SEA) has a very low incidence in Indonesia. An advanced molecular analysis should be performed to determine this rare mutation.
Geriatric fractures in single Orthopedic Hospital: The role of domestic fall and comprehensive geriatric assessment
Authors: Irianto Komang Agung , Rianto Dionisius , Sukmajaya William Putera , Alina Oen
Published: April 2020

Background: The geriatric population has continued to grow globally. The incidence of geriatric fractures increases along with the population. The geriatric assessment could be useful to build a warning sign for the fall risk.Aim: The authors aimed to describe the geriatric fractures; the factors affecting; to further give recommendation regarding its prevention and management.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 741 patients with geriatric fractures admitted to Surabaya Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital from 2012-2017. All data acquired from medical records.Results: The number of female patients in our study are three times the male patients. The distribution of the cases across ethnicity, gender, and different age group were quite similar. The case of vertebral and hip fracture was significantly higher. Domestic accident was the mechanism of injury in 80% of all cases, and this MOI is significant across all fracture types. Only 32% patients do not have confounding disease. However 25% has diabetes mellitus, and 42% has hypertension.Â  Although patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, moderate to severe anemia, and hyponatremia were more frequent but not significant to be the risk factor for certain fracture type.Conclusion: Domestic accident, female, and cofounding disease were the most common factors found for all type of fractures. The most common geriatric fractures admitted to our institution were hip and vertebral fractures.
Analysis of nerve growth factor serum levels in psoriasis vulgaris patients
Authors: Novatina E. Pangaribuan Riana , B. Putra Imam , A. Nababan Kristo
Published: April 2020

Background: Psoriasis is a complex chronic inflammatory skin disease with multifactorial mechanism affected by immunological, genetic, environmental and nervous system factors which its mechanism is still unknown. The involvement of nervous system in psoriasis is ruled by nerve growth factor (NGF). Increased levels of NGF serum are expected occurring in psoriasis vulgaris.Aim: To determine the differences between NGF serum levels in psoriasis vulgaris patients and controlsMethods: This study is an analytic study with cross sectional design involving 30 psoriasis vulgaris patients and 30 healthy controls. Diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris was made based on history and clinical examination; we conducted blood sampling and measurement of NGF serum level to the patients and controls. The differences between NGF serum levels in psoriasis vulgaris patients and controlled is analyzed by independent-t test. This research approved by the health research ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Sumatra Utara University/ H. Adam MalikÂ  Medan General Hospital.Results: In this study, we found the mean NGF serum level of female psoriasis vulgaris patients (810.30 Â± 299.97 pg/ml)Â  was higher compared to male (806.70 Â± 256.04 pg/ml).Â  The mean NGF serum of psoriasis vulgaris patients were highest on ages group 15 â€“ 23 years (930.14 Â± 69.03 pg/ml). The mean NGF serum level of psoriasis vulgaris without family history (875.38 Â± 203.91 pg/ml) was higher compared to patient with a maternal history (600.87 Â± 387.45 pg/ml) and paternal history (477.88 Â± 406.97 pg/ml). The mean NGF serum level in the psoriasis vulgaris group (808.38 Â± 272.48 pg/ml) was higher compared to the control group (524.92 Â± 281.22 pg/ml) dengan with p=0.0001.Conclusion: There were significant differences in NGF serum levels between psoriasis vulgaris patients and control.
The effect of Sargassum duplicatum extract on SGPT level in Rattus norvegicus infected by Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Setianingsih Herin , Pamungkas Dimas Bathoro Bagus , Utami Prawesty Diah
Published: April 2020

Background: Malaria still becomes a major health problem in Indonesia, especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. The occurrence of Plasmodium resistance against antimalarial medications increases the difficulty of malaria wipe-out effort. As regard with such a great potential Sargassum production that Indonesia possesses, it is very likely to develop Sargassum as adjuvant therapy to prevent and even to stop the resistance.Aim: This research aims to develop adjuvant therapy of Sargassum extract to avoid the resistance of malaria therapy on the SGPT level.Method: There were 24 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that had been infected by Plasmodium berghei and were given dihydroartemisinin-piperaquin (DHA-PPQ) therapy as antimalarial therapy at the dose of 3mg/KgBW for three consecutive days. The rats were later divided into three groups. Group 1 received only (DHA-PPQ), group 2 received Sargassum duplicatum extract as adjuvant therapy at Â the dose of 100 mg/KgBW for ten consecutive days. Group 3 also received Sargassum duplicatum extract as adjuvant therapy but the dose was at 300 mg/KgBW for ten consecutive days.Result: SGPT level decreased more significantly in groups in which the rats received dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and 100 mg/kgBW Sargassum extract as adjuvant therapy and on the other hand only received Sargassum extract at the dose of 300 mg/kgBW. After ten days of therapy the blood SGPT level was examined from all rats. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.Conclusion: Sargassum duplicatum (100 mg/kgBW) showed a more significant decrease of SGPT level in Rattus norvegicus (Wistar strain) inoculated by Plasmodium berghei as against those in the dose 300 mg/kgBW.Â
Measuring motor evoked-potentials in children with autism spectrum disorders accompanied with cerebral vein thrombosis following intraarterial heparin flushing
Authors: Setiawan Erwin , Soetikno Ristaniah , Risan Nelly Amalia , Shelly Shelly , Ratmono Tugas , Putranto Terawan Agus , Pramono Ardianto
Published: April 2020

Background: The use of the term "Autism Spectrum Disorder" has led to confusion over this substance. Prior to DSM-V criteria, symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to the problems in brain vasculature and brain chemistry most likely affect the children behavior, whereas the authors' findings suggest such problems depicting a similar anomaly in cerebral vein thrombosis case (CVT). Recently, the evoked potentials, that demonstrated in CVT, have a possible prognostic value on patients suffering from ASD. This study purposes to measure the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) on patients following the intervention of intraarterial heparin flushing (IAHF). Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 17 patients admitted in Cerebrovascular Center of RSPAD Gatot Soebroto, Jakarta, diagnosed with ASD presenting CVT. The MEPs value was measured by conforming the IAHF procedure.Results: The MEPs value (amplitude, latency, CMCT) pre and post-IAHF showed an increasing value. Meanwhile, there was a lowering value of latency and CMCT in left cortical participants after IAHF.Conclusion: The group tends to perform more expected positive MEPs changes after IAHF.