bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associação entre os polimorfismos da enzima conversora da angiotensina e o comportamento da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em indivíduos saudáveis: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Corrêa Neto Victor Gonçalves , Monteiro Estêvão Rios , Palma Alexandre
Published: June 2021

A enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA) gera como produto final a angiotensina 2 que promove aumento da atividade simpática, porém pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos dos diferentes polimorfismos dessa enzima na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC). O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar de forma sistemática as evidências a respeito das associações entre os polimorfismos da ECA e o comportamento da VFC em sujeitos saudáveis. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Pubmed, Web of Science e Scopus sem restrição idiomática até janeiro de 2021. Foram incluídos estudos originais que analisaram a associação entre os polimorfismos da ECA e a VFC em indivíduos saudáveis e excluídos estudos de revisão, cartas ao editor, editoriais e pontos de vista. Após a aplicação dos descritores, 548 estudos foram considerados elegíveis. Na etapa seguinte do processo de seleção esses estudos foram avaliados dentro dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão da presente revisão e, então, seis estudos foram considerados aptos a compor a presente revisão. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada pelo Q-Genie e todos foram considerados de boa qualidade. As evidências sobre o impacto dos polimorfismos da ECA na VFC não são consensuais, os estudos não demonstram claramente um padrão de comportamento da VFC em função dos polimorfismos da ECA. Baseado no pequeno número de investigações e nos resultados conflitantes das mesmas, não existe a possibilidade de se discursar de forma pontual sobre as associações entre os polimorfismos da ECA e o comportamento da VFC.
Reabilitação estética anterior com uso de laminados cerâmicos: Relato de caso
Authors: Ferro Amanda , Abreu-Pereira César Augusto , Pinheiro Emerson de Sousa , Ribas Beatriz Ribeiro , Pereira Ana Luiza Gorayb , Sousa Rodolfo Israel Rêgo , Casanovas Rosana Costa , Moffa Eduardo Buozi
Published: June 2021

Vários fatores contribuem para alterações nos dentes e consequentemente no sorriso, como escurecimento dental, cárie, envelhecimento, erosão química e diastemas. Com o aprimoramento do tratamento de superfície da cerâmica e da adesão aos substratos, os laminados cerâmicos garantiram espaço definitivo no panorama odontológico, tendo em vista longevidade e resultado final funcional e estético. É nesse cenário que surge o presente estudo, cujo objetivo é apresentar detalhadamente a técnica de fechamento de diastemas com uso de laminados cerâmicos. Paciente do sexo feminino compareceu a Clínica de Odontologia da Universidade Ceuma (São Luís-MA), tendo como queixa principal desconforto estético do seu sorriso. Ao exame clínico foi detectado a presença de diastema que persistiu mesmo após tratamento ortodôntico. O tratamento iniciou a partir do clareamento dentário seguido da gengivoplastia do elemento dental 22 que apresentava desarmonia no zênite gengival. Em seguida foram realizadas as etapas do tratamento reabilitador com laminados cerâmicos até a cimentação. Os laminados cerâmicos representam soluções estéticas e funcionais de alta qualidade para fechamento de diastemas. O sucesso está ligado diretamente com a correta indicação e planejamento, ao preparo suficientemente invasivo, conhecimento das técnicas e materiais, obtendo assim um sorriso estético e harmonioso, com grande garantia de longevidade.
Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of Proteins from Plumeria pudica Latex in Mice
Authors: Souza Bruna da Silva , Oliveira Naylla Veras de Moraes , Moita Lucas Arruda , Oliveira Lucas Eduardo Silva , Brito Felipe Cardoso de , Silva Felipe Rodolfo Pereira da , França Luiz Felipe de Carvalho , Sousa Francisca Beatriz Melo , Pereira Anna Carolina Toledo Cunha , Ferreira Gustavo Portela , Medeiros Jand-Venes Rolim , Freitas Cleverson Diniz Teixeira de , Vasconcelos Daniel Fernando Pereira , Oliveira Jefferson Soares de
Published: June 2021

Latex proteins extracted from Plumeria pudica (LPPp) have anti-inflammatory activity in different experimental models. Considering this relevant result, we evaluated the toxicological aspects of the treatment of mice with LPPp. Acute and subchronic toxicities were determined by daily intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg of LPPp for 10 or 20 days, respectively, and were followed by behavioral, hematological, biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Results showed no significant changes in body weight and organs of animals treated with LPPp. Total and differential blood leukocyte counts of LPPp groups did not differ from controls. There was no significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and urea measurements for the group treated for 20 days. The level of glutathione in the kidney was significantly higher in animals treated with LPPp in the acute toxicity test, but no differences were observed for the subchronic evaluation. The concentration of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity in the organs did not differ from controls. Histopathological examination of kidney, spleen and liver tissue of animals treated with LPPp revealed normal structures or reversible alterations. Intraperitoneal LD50 of LPPp was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. The data obtained reveal that LPPp is nontoxic at 40 mg/kg.
Desafios da equipe gestora no combate ao covid-19: Relato de experiência
Authors: Rigotti Ariane Ranzani , Pereira Flávia Helena , Castilho Felipe Micheli Costa de , Banhos Natália Salvador , Almeida Dérica Karoly Evarista , Carvalho Maria das Graças de Souza , Garcia José Antonio Dias
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Relatar os desafios enfrentados pela equipe gestora de um serviço hospitalar de nível secundário do interior do Estado de São Paulo, frente a pandemia COVID-19. Material e métodos: estudo descritivo, quantitativo e do tipo relato de experiência, que retrata os desafios enfrentados pela equipe gestora quanto ao treinamento dos profissionais da instituição e dimensionamento da equipe de enfermagem no período de fevereiro e março de 2020. Resultados: A equipe gestora precisou usar estratégias no treinamento dos profissionais da assistência à saúde e do departamento administrativo no uso e adesão dos EPIs, visto que havia o desconhecimento sobre a transmissão do vírus e a escassez de insumos de proteção individual no mercado. Quanto ao dimensionamento dos profissionais de enfermagem, a seleção dos colaboradores para compor a escala seguiu critérios considerados pré-definidos em conjunto com a gerência da instituição como: a qualificação no cuidado a pacientes críticos e o tempo de exposição ao vírus no ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: A escassez de EPIs nos meses de fevereiro e março, e dos profissionais qualificados e a alta carga de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem foram desafios que os serviços de saúde enfrentaram desde o início da pandemia, assim foi necessário dispor de estratégias para o paciente e para a equipe de enfermagem, a fim de garantir o bem-estar a qualidade e a segurança de todos os envolvidos na assistência.
A eficácia dos cuidados preventivos da enfermagem na Pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica
Authors: Honorato Laís Ribeiro , Braga André Luiz de Souza , Souza Deise Ferreira de , Nassar Pedro Ruiz Barbosa , Azevedo Suely Lopes de
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: descrever a eficácia dos cuidados de enfermagem baseados em evidências científicas, disponíveis atualmente na literaturaara prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica em pacientes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizado as três bases de dados MEDILINE, LILACS e BDENF, incluindo os descritores prevenção e pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica, cuidados de enfermagem e pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica e cuidados de enfermagem e prevenção” Resultado: Foram incluídos 15 estudos, encontrados 7 cuidados de enfermagem que contribuem na prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica. A adesão dos profissionais aos cuidados para a prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica deve ser reconhecida, no seu cotidiano, como ações efetivas no processo de trabalho, tendo na educação permanente, o alicerce para garantir a eficácia dos cuidados. Por se tratar de uma mudança eficaz, a educação e o treinamento dos profissionais de saúde são fatores-chave para aumentar a adesão às diretrizes. Nesse contexto, monitorar o feedback da equipe multidisciplinar sobre as medidas para prevenir a PAVM pode ser uma estratégia que aponta lacunas e indicadores de saúde para subsidiar os investimentos na melhoria das práticas de assistência médica, com base no treinamento e na educação permanente. Diante disso, nesta revisão foram identificadas evidências científicas que descrevem a eficácia dos cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção da PAVM, sendo eles garantindo assim, nossa autonomia na gestão do cuidado.
Economic evaluation of the use of distillers dried grains with solubles in swine feeding
Authors: Fantini Caiki Calepso , Brumatti Ricardo Carneiro , Lopes Brenda Farias da Costa Leite , Gaspar Alberto de Oliveira , Kiefer Charles , Corassa Anderson
Published: June 2021

This study proposes to undertake an economic assessment of the inclusion of different levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for pigs in different production stages and categories (growing and finishing), namely: barrows fed diets containing 0 or 20% DDGS; and finishing barrows and sows fed diets containing 0, 10, 20, and 30% DDGS. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the price of corn in three simulated scenarios with different revenue systems: an optimistic scenario (lowest price); a regular scenario (medium price); and a pessimistic scenario (highest price). Inclusion of DDGS in the swine diet can reduce feeding costs and improve the profitability of production, about finishing males and females, the profit per kilogram of weight gain (US$/kg) were better in 10% of DDGS inclusion, 0.23, 0.28 respectively, but for growing and finishing, it was smaller in 20% (0.32 US$/kg) of DDGS inclusion than the 0% control treatment (0.33 US$/KG). The inclusion of DDGS must be carefully planned, since its use may depress animal performance and its inclusion is linked to the costs of the other ingredients that make up the diet.
Uso e dependência do smartphone de adolescentes no cenário escolar de tempo integral
Authors: Nunes Paula Pessoa Brito , Abdon Ana Paula Vasconcellos , Silva Francisco Valter Miranda , Martins Daniele de Queiroz , Brito Claudiana Batista de , Frota Mirna Albuquerque
Published: June 2021

Objetivos: Conhecer o perfil de uso e a dependência do smartphone de adolescentes em escolas de tempo integral. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em seis Escolas Estaduais de Educação Profissional (EEEP) na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, desenvolvido entre setembro e outubro de 2019. Participaram 286 adolescentes (15-19 anos) que responderam dois questionários (dados sociodemográficos, uso e dependência do smartphone). Utilizou-se o SPSS 23.0 para análise descritivas e inferenciais, tendo como desfecho a dependência do smartphone. Resultados: Houve maior percentual do sexo masculino (53,5%), idade de 16 anos (31,5%) e classe social D (52,4%). Sobre a utilização, 96,2% usavam para acessar redes sociais, 71,0% para receber e fazer ligação, 68,9% para jogar e 66,1% para assistir filmes. Verificou-se que 62,6% apresentavam dependência do smartphone, com tempo de uso de 7,3 (± 3,4) horas/diárias. Foi constatada associação entre a dependência do smartphone com a idade (OR: 1,48; p=0,009), utilizar fones de ouvido (OR: 2,76; p<0,001), e usar o smartphone 1h 18 minutos a mais (p=0,003). Conclusão: Dentre as razões para o uso do smartphone pelos adolescentes destacam-se acessar as redes sociais, assistir filmes e jogar, bem como usar WhatsApp para fins de comunicação. Evidenciou-se elevada dependência e tempo de uso do smartphone nos adolescentes, associado a idade e ao uso de fones de ouvido. Assim, alerta-se para a necessidade de campanhas educativas e orientações sobre o uso consciente do smartphone visando a prevenção e redução de agravos à saúde física e mental.
Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Jain Preyal D. , Nayak Akshatha , Karnad Shreekanth D. , Doctor Kaiorisa N.
Published: June 2021

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome present with several impairments such as hypotonia, ligament laxity, decreased muscle strength, insufficient muscular cocontraction, inadequate postural control, and disturbed proprioception. These factors are responsible for the developmental challenges faced by children with Down syndrome. These individuals also present with balance dysfunctions.Purpose: This systematic review aims to describe the motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.Methods: We searched the Scopus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, Wiley, and EBSCO databases for observational studies evaluating the motor abilities and balance performance in individuals with Down syndrome. The review was registered on PROSPERO.Results: A total of 1,096 articles were retrieved; after careful screening and scrutinizing against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in the review. Overall, the children and adolescents with Down syndrome showed delays and dysfunction in performing various activities such as sitting, pulling to stand, standing, and walking. They also presented with compensatory mechanisms to maintain their equilibrium in static and dynamic activities.Conclusion: The motor development of children with Down syndrome is significantly delayed due to structural differences in the brain. These individuals have inefficient compensatory strategies like increasing step width, increasing frequency of mediolateral center of pressure displacement, decreasing anteroposterior displacement, increasing trunk stiffness, and increasing posterior trunk displacement to maintain equilibrium. Down syndrome presents with interindividual variations; therefore, a thorough evaluation is required before a structured intervention is developed to improve motor and balance dysfunction.
DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TIGER NUT (Cyperus esculentus) RELEVANT TO ITS MECHANIZATION
Authors: Emurigho Tega A , Kabuo Canice O.O , Ifegbo Arinze N
Published: June 2021

The physical and engineering properties
of fresh and dried tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus)
were determined at moisture content of 41.20%
and 16.40% on wet basis respectively. The mean
values for the three principal axes (length, width
and thickness) were 9.52mm, 8.16mm, and
8.16mm for fresh tiger nut and 9.14mm, 7.72mm
and 8.03mm for dried tiger nut respectively,
showing a decrease with decrease in moisture
content and was significantly different at p?0.05.
The mean values of the bulk density, true density
and porosity of both fresh and dried tiger nut
were 0.59g/cm3
, 0.97g/cm3
, 40.61 and 0.58g/cm3,
0.94g/cm3
, 40.35 respectively and were not
significantly different at p?0.05. The mean angle
of repose and coefficient of static friction over
formica, stainless steel, glass and plywood surfaces
of fresh tiger nut were 50.11o
, 2.73, 2.45, 2.22 and
1.77 while that of dried tiger nut were 48.23o
, 2.41,
2.03, 2.11 and 2.00 respectively. The mean rupture
force increased with compression force of 90.08N
on the major axis to 116.88N for fresh tiger nut
and from 120.55N to 161.10N for dried tiger nut
and were significantly different at p?0.05. These
properties determined are necessary in the design
and fabrication of hoppers, conveyor equipment
and the force tiger nut can withstand before it is
ruptured.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COVID–19 BETWEEN INDIA AND OTHERS USING DATA MINING AND MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: Bhalla Kanika , Kumar Ashish
Published: June 2021

Novel coronavirus has caused a global pandemic
which leads to acute respiratory disorder in humans. In this
study, analysis of the transmission of communicable
COVID19 disease in India is done. The machine learning
model presents the comparison of India with other
countries during initial phase of virus spread in India. After
that its comparison with initial hard-hit countries is also
done. Finally, we also performed time series analysis for
prediction using prophet for the next seven days showing
confirmed, recovered and deaths that will happen.
STATUTORY WELFARE MEASURES IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF MYSURU CITY
Authors: P Ananda , Siddegowda Prof. Y.S
Published: June 2021

The present study has attempted to
discover the labour welfare measures in building
construction industry. Material and Methods: The crosssectional study has conducted. The data collection was done
through the Interview schedule. The collected data the
researcher has computed in factors analysis. Results and
Conclusion: The highest correlation coefficient value is
found between toilets and washing facilities and the highest
correlation coefficient value is also found between toilets
and shelter and accommodation. The KMO value is
0.733and it greater than.0.5. Hence, samples are adequate
for factor analysis. The Chi-square test value is 1664.877
and it is significant at one per cent level. Worker welfare is
a very complete term which may include any activity which
is attached to the social, moral and economic betterment of workers furnish by any industries.
Jan Ferdinand de Zanger, 1932-1991
Authors: van der Reijden Helen , Bijl Elise
Published: June 2021

Een van de productiefste vertalers Deens-Nederlands in de periode 1960-1990 was Jan de Zanger. Jan Ferdinand de Zanger werd geboren op 4 juli 1932 in Schiedam. Al vroeg in zijn leven kwam hij in aanraking met Scandinavië. Na de bevrijding van Nederland werd hij in augustus 1945 als ondervoed jongetje naar een boerderij in Jutland gestuurd om aan te sterken.1 Tijdens zijn middelbareschooltijd en daarna bracht hij bijna al zijn vakanties door in Denemarken, later ook in Noorwegen en Zweden. Tijdensdie vakanties leerde hij perfect Deens. Na de middelbare school koos hij verrassenderwijs voor een andere taalstudie, namelijk Nederlands. Vanaf 1957 werkte hij als docent Nederlands,2 maar de Scandinavische talen bleven trekken. Zijn eerste vertaling kwam uit in 1961 en hij zou in totaal meer dan zestig werken vertalen, uit het Deens, Noors, Zweeds en Duits. Zijn vertaaloeuvre was heel breed en omvatte zowel non-fictieboeken als romans van bekende auteurs, zoals de Deen Klaus Rifbjerg (1931-2015). Ook bestaat een deel van zijn vertaaloeuvre uit gedichten en jeugdliteratuur. Zelf werd hij ook bekend als auteur van jeugdboeken.
Tout contre Heidegger
Authors: Raffoul François
Published: June 2021

Derrida's relation to Heidegger can fairly be described as ‘complicated,’ and marked by a deep ambivalence. Although he has always recognized his debt towards Heidegger, Derrida has also insisted on his profound allergy towards some aspects of Heidegger’s thought. The reader is thus often faced with this ambivalence in Derrida's writings, which offer, on the one hand, uncannily precise and insightful readings of Heidegger's texts, with on the other hand less than generous interpretations. We find a Derrida tout contre Heidegger, at once entirely against Heidegger, but also right up close to Heidegger. I will explore this debate between Derrida and Heidegger by focusing on the motifs of deconstruction, presence, the proper and the inappropriable.
Deconstruction as Repetitive Crossing Out and the Movement of Appearing: On Derrida's 1964/65 Heidegger Reading
Authors: Schuppert Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Taking the question of phenomenality as its guiding thread, this paper attempts to shed light on the relationship between Heidegger's turn and Derrida's 1964/65 seminar on Heidegger. I argue that deconstruction can be understood as a performative attempt to take into account Heidegger's thinking of originary semblance or errancy, which already announces itself in Sein und Zeit and is a central figure of what the later Heidegger calls ‘the turn’. Instead of trying to grasp this errancy or this différance phenomenologically, Derrida takes up the necessity to read and repeat what is already given, what already appears, and thereby undermines, through his reading of Heidegger's Crossing Out of the Word ‘Sein’, the phenomeno-fundamental ontological approach of Sein und Zeit, or rather: shows that it is always already undermined.
Automatic Artery/Vein Classification Using a Vessel-Constraint Network for Multicenter Fundus Images
Authors: Hu Jingfei , Wang Hua , Cao Zhaohui , Wu Guang , Jonas Jost B. , Wang Ya Xing , Zhang Jicong
Published: June 2021

Retinal blood vessel morphological abnormalities are generally associated with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and systemic diseases, automatic artery/vein (A/V) classification is particularly important for medical image analysis and clinical decision making. However, the current method still has some limitations in A/V classification, especially the blood vessel edge and end error problems caused by the single scale and the blurred boundary of the A/V. To alleviate these problems, in this work, we propose a vessel-constraint network (VC-Net) that utilizes the information of vessel distribution and edge to enhance A/V classification, which is a high-precision A/V classification model based on data fusion. Particularly, the VC-Net introduces a vessel-constraint (VC) module that combines local and global vessel information to generate a weight map to constrain the A/V features, which suppresses the background-prone features and enhances the edge and end features of blood vessels. In addition, the VC-Net employs a multiscale feature (MSF) module to extract blood vessel information with different scales to improve the feature extraction capability and robustness of the model. And the VC-Net can get vessel segmentation results simultaneously. The proposed method is tested on publicly available fundus image datasets with different scales, namely, DRIVE, LES, and HRF, and validated on two newly created multicenter datasets: Tongren and Kailuan. We achieve a balance accuracy of 0.9554 and F1 scores of 0.7616 and 0.7971 for the arteries and veins, respectively, on the DRIVE dataset. The experimental results prove that the proposed model achieves competitive performance in A/V classification and vessel segmentation tasks compared with state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we test the Kailuan dataset with other trained fusion datasets, the results also show good robustness. To promote research in this area, the Tongren dataset and source code will be made publicly available. The dataset and code will be made available at https://github.com/huawang123/VC-Net.
Haplogroup Prediction Using Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats in the General Population of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Babić Jordamović Naida , Kojović Tamara , Dogan Serkan , Bešić Larisa , Salihefendić Lana , Konjhodžić Rijad , Škaro Vedrana , Projić Petar , Hadžiavdić Vesna , Ašić Adna , Marjanović Damir
Published: June 2021

Human Y-chromosomal haplogroups are an important tool used in population genetics and forensic genetics. A conventional method used for Y haplogroup assignment is based on a set of Y-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers deployed, which exploits the low mutation rate nature of these markers. Y chromosome haplogroups can be successfully predicted from Y-short tandem repeat (STR) markers using different software packages, and this method gained much attention recently due to its labor-, time-, and cost-effectiveness. The present study was based on the analysis of a total of 480 adult male buccal swab samples collected from different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Y haplogroup prediction was performed using Whit Athey’s Haplogroup Predictor, based on haplotype data on 23 Y-STR markers contained within the PowerPlex® Y23 kit. The results revealed the existence of 14 different haplogroups, with I2a, R1a, and E1b1b being the most prevalent with frequencies of 43.13, 14.79, and 14.58%, respectively. Compared to the previously published studies on Bosnian-Herzegovinian population based on Y-SNP and Y-STR data, this study represents an upgrade of molecular genetic data with a significantly larger number of samples, thus offering more accurate results and higher probability of detecting rare haplogroups.
Expression Profiling and Functional Analysis of Circular RNAs in Inner Mongolian Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles
Authors: Shang Fangzheng , Wang Yu , Ma Rong , Di Zhengyang , Wu Zhihong , Hai Erhan , Rong Youjun , Pan Jianfeng , Liang Lili , Wang Zhiying , Wang Ruijun , Liu Zhihong , Zhao Yanhong , Wang Zhixin , Li Jinquan , Zhang Yanjun
Published: June 2021

Background

Inner Mongolian cashmere goats have hair of excellent quality and high economic value, and the skin hair follicle traits of cashmere goats have a direct and important effect on cashmere yield and quality. Circular RNA has been studied in a variety of tissues and cells.

Result

In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to obtain the expression profiles of circular RNA (circRNA) in the hair follicles of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats at different embryonic stages (45, 55, 65, and 75 days). A total of 21,784 circRNAs were identified. At the same time, the differentially expressed circRNA in the six comparison groups formed in the four stages were: d75vsd45, 59 upregulated and 33 downregulated DE circRNAs; d75vsd55, 61 upregulated and 102 downregulated DE circRNAs; d75vsd65, 32 upregulated and 33 downregulated DE circRNAs; d65vsd55, 67 upregulated and 169 downregulated DE circRNAs; d65vsd45, 96 upregulated and 63 downregulated DE circRNAs; and d55vsd45, 76 upregulated and 42 downregulated DE circRNAs. Six DE circRNA were randomly selected to verify the reliability of the sequencing results by quantitative RT-PCR. Subsequently, the circRNA corresponding host genes were analyzed by the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The results showed that the biological processes related to hair follicle growth and development enriched by GO mainly included hair follicle morphogenesis and cell development, and the signaling pathways related to hair follicle development included the Notch signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. We combined the DE circRNA of d75vsd45 with miRNA and mRNA databases (unpublished) to construct the regulatory network of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA, and formed a total of 102 pairs of circRNA–miRNA and 126 pairs of miRNA–mRNA interactions. The binding relationship of circRNA3236–chi-miR-27b-3p and circRNA3236–chi-miR-16b-3p was further verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays, and the results showed that circRNA3236 and chi-miR-27b-3p, and circRNA3236 and chi-miR-16b-3p have a targeted binding relationship.

Conclusion

To summarize, we established the expression profiling of circRNA in the fetal skin hair follicles of cashmere goats, and found that the host gene of circRNA may be involved in the development of hair follicles of cashmere goats. The regulatory network of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA was constructed and preliminarily verified using DE circRNAs.
The Sediment Selectivity of Perinereis aibuhitensis Larvae: Active or Passive?
Authors: Fang Jinghui , He Wei , Meng Shan , Jiang Zengjie , Fang Jianguang , Mao Yuze , Liang Bo
Published: June 2021

The selectivity of Perinereis aibuhitensis larvae on different sediment types was studied using an experimental behavioral device in the lab. There were six types of sediment with different organic matter content: 2.19, 2.30, 2.86, 3.25, 3.51, and 5.52%. The results indicated significant differences in the six treatments’ organic matter content (p < 0.05). When the P. aibuhitensis larvae initially attached to the sediment, the larvae’s density showed no significant difference among the six treatments. The density of larvae decreased gradually during the experimental period. It increased with the increasing organic matter content in sediment at every sampling time, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). The larvae’s specific growth rate in the first month was significantly higher than those in the second and third months (p < 0.05). The mortality showed no significance at different sediments in equal sampling times, but the mortality was lower in high organic matter content sediments. This study showed that the P. aibuhitensis larvae did not make an active selection; random selection happened when initially attached to the sediment with different organic matter contents. Higher organic matter content in the sediment was more conducive to larvae survival, and the organic matter content is the limitation factor on the mortality and the density. The different densities in the natural habitat of P. aibuhitensis might occur due to the passive selection by the environment.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Social Responsiveness Toward Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Among Chinese Medical Students—Thoughts on Medical Education
Authors: Yang Haojun , Zheng Yue , Yu Fang , Cheng Bohao , Zhu Ziqing , Liao Sheng , Chen Yu , Wu Jianzhen , Wang Fang
Published: June 2021

Purpose:To assess knowledge, attitudes, and social responsiveness toward COVID-19 among Chinese medical students.

Methods:Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 889 medical students in three well-known Chinese medical universities. The questionnaire was comprised of three domains which consisted of demographic characteristic collection, seven items for knowledge, and eight items for attitudes and social responsiveness toward COVID-19. Data from different universities were lumped together and were divided into different groups to compare the differences, including (1) students at the clinical learning stage (Group A) or those at the basic-medicine stage (Group B) and (2) students who have graduated and worked (Group C) or those newly enrolled (Group D).

Results:Medical students at group B had a weaker knowledge toward COVID-19 than did students at group A, especially in the question of clinical manifestations (p< 0.001). The percentage of totally correct answers of COVID-19 knowledge in group C was higher than that in Group D (p< 0.001). There were significant differences between groups C and D in the attitudes and social responsiveness toward COVID-19. Surprisingly, we found that the idea of newly enrolled medical students could be easily affected by interventions.

Conclusions:In light of this information, medical education should pay attention not only to the cultivation of professional knowledge and clinical skills but also to the positive interventions to better the comprehensive qualities including communicative abilities and empathy.
Antibiotic Resistance and Sewage-Associated Marker Genes in Untreated Sewage and a River Characterized During Baseflow and Stormflow
Authors: Ahmed Warish , Gyawali Pradip , Hamilton Kerry A. , Joshi Sayalee , Aster David , Donner Erica , Simpson Stuart L. , Symonds Erin M.
Published: June 2021

Since sewage is a hotspot for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), the identification of ARGs in environmental waters impacted by sewage, and their correlation to fecal indicators, is necessary to implement management strategies. In this study, sewage treatment plant (STP) influent samples were collected and analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the abundance and correlations between sewage-associated markers (i.e., Bacteroides HF183, Lachnospiraceae Lachno3, crAssphage) and ARGs indicating resistance to nine antibiotics (belonging to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines). All ARGs, except blaVIM, and sewage-associated marker genes were always detected in untreated sewage, and ermF and sul1 were detected in the greatest abundances. intl1 was also highly abundant in untreated sewage samples. Significant correlations were identified between sewage-associated marker genes, ARGs and the intl1 in untreated sewage (τ = 0.488, p = 0.0125). Of the three sewage-associated marker genes, the BIO-ENV procedure identified that HF183 alone best maximized correlations to ARGs and intl1 (τ = 0.590). Additionally, grab samples were collected from peri-urban and urban sites along the Brisbane River system during base and stormflow conditions, and analyzed for Escherichia coli, ARGs, the intl1, and sewage-associated marker genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Significant correlations were identified between E. coli, ARGs, and intl1 (τ = 0.0893, p = 0.0032), as well as with sewage-associated marker genes in water samples from the Brisbane River system (τ = 0.3229, p = 0.0001). Of the sewage-associated marker genes and E. coli, the BIO-ENV procedure identified that crAssphage alone maximized correlations with ARGs and intl1 in river samples (τ = 0.4148). Significant differences in E. coli, ARGs, intl1, and sewage-associated marker genes, and by flow condition (i.e., base vs. storm), and site types (peri-urban vs. urban) combined were identified (R = 0.3668, p = 0.0001), where percent dissimilarities between the multi-factorial groups ranged between 20.8 and 11.2%. Results from this study suggest increased levels of certain ARGs and sewage-associated marker genes in stormflow river water samples compared to base flow conditions. E. coli, HF183 and crAssphage may serve as potential indicators of sewage-derived ARGs under stormflow conditions, and this merits further investigation. Data presented in this study will be valuable to water quality managers to understand the links between sewage pollution and ARGs in urban environments.
Sesquiterpenoids From the Antarctic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11
Authors: Shi Ting , Li Xiang-Qian , Zheng Li , Zhang Ya-Hui , Dai Jia-Jia , Shang Er-Lei , Yu Yan-Yan , Zhang Yi-Ting , Hu Wen-Peng , Shi Da-Yong
Published: June 2021

The fungal strains Pseudogymnoascus are a kind of psychrophilic pathogenic fungi that are ubiquitously distributed in Antarctica, while the studies of their secondary metabolites are infrequent. Systematic research of the metabolites of the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11 led to the isolation of six new tremulane sesquiterpenoids pseudotremulanes A–F (1–6), combined with one known analog 11,12-epoxy-12β-hydroxy-1-tremulen-5-one (7), and five known steroids (8–12). The absolute configurations of the new compounds (1–6) were elucidated by their ECD spectra and ECD calculations. Compounds 1–7 were proved to be isomeride structures with the same chemical formula. Compounds 1/2, 3/4, 1/4, and 2/3 were identified as four pairs of epimerides at the locations of C-3, C-3, C-9, and C-9, respectively. Compounds 8 and 9 exhibited cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), colorectal cancer (HCT116), and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines. Compounds 9 and 10 also showed antibacterial activities against marine fouling bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida. This is the first time to find terpenoids and steroids in the fungal genus Pseudogymnoascus.
Usefulness of High-Frequency Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Melanoma: Mini Review
Authors: Belfiore Maria Paola , Reginelli Alfonso , Russo Anna , Russo Gaetano Maria , Rocco Maria Paola , Moscarella Elvira , Ferrante Marilina , Sica Antonello , Grassi Roberto , Cappabianca Salvatore
Published: June 2021

High-frequency equipment is characterized by ultrasound probes with frequencies of over 10 MHz. At higher frequencies, the wavelength decreases, which determines a lower penetration of the ultrasound beam so as to offer a better evaluation of the surface structures. This explains the growing interest in ultrasound in dermatology. This review examines the state of the art of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in the assessment of skin cancer to ensure the high clinical approach and provide the best standard of evidence on which to base clinical and policy decisions.
Multiple Resistance Mechanisms to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in EGFR Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report Harboring EGFR Mutations, MET Amplification, and Squamous Cell Transformation
Authors: Bruno Rossella , Del Re Marzia , Cucchiara Federico , Petrini Iacopo , Alì Greta , Crucitta Stefania , Proietti Agnese , Valleggi Simona , Chella Antonio , Danesi Romano , Fontanini Gabriella
Published: June 2021

Resistance to EGFR tyrosin kinase inhibitors (TKI) inevitably occurs. Here it is reported the case of a young patient affected by lung adenocarcinoma harboring the L858R EGFR sensitive mutation. The patient developed multiple TKI resistance mechanisms: T790M EGFR resistance mutation, detected only on tumor cell-free DNA, squamous cell transformation and MET amplification, both detected on a tumor re-biopsy. The co-occurrence of squamous cell transformation and de novo MET amplification is an extremely rare event, and this case confirms how dynamic and heterogeneous can be the temporal and spatial tumor evolution under treatment pressure.
Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome Profile Reveals the Potential Roles Played by Long Noncoding RNAs in Immunotherapy for Sarcoma
Authors: Pang Boran , Hao Yongqiang
Published: June 2021

Background

Long-term survival is still low for high-risk patients with soft tissue sarcoma treated with standard management options, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is a promising new potential treatment paradigm. However, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of patients with sarcoma did not yield promising results in a clinical trial. Therefore, there is a considerable need to identify factors that may lead to immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance.

Methods

In this study, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to detect key long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that were correlated with immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules in sarcoma. The expression levels of these lncRNAs and their correlation with patient prognosis were explored. The upstream long noncoding RNAs were also examined via 450K array data from the TCGA. The potential roles of these lncRNAs were further examined via KEGG and GO analysis using DAVID online software. Finally, the relationship between these lncRNAs and immune cell infiltration in tumors and their effect on immune checkpoint inhibitors were further explored.

Results

We identified lncRNAs correlated with tumor cell immune evasion in sarcoma. The expression of these lncRNAs was upregulated and correlated with worse prognosis in sarcoma and other human cancer types. Moreover, low DNA methylation occupation of these lncRNA loci was detected. Negative correlations between DNA methylation and lncRNA expression were also found in sarcoma and other human cancer types. KEGG and GO analyses indicated that these lncRNAs correlated with immune evasion and negative regulation of the immune response in sarcoma. Finally, high expression of these lncRNAs correlated with more suppressive immune cell infiltration and reduced sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors in sarcoma and other human cancer types.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that long noncoding RNAs confer immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in human cancer. Further characterization of these lncRNAs may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance and uncover a novel therapeutic intervention point for immunotherapy.
Accelerated Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Treatment Free Remission Maintained After Five Years of Nilotinib: A Case Report
Authors: Capodanno Isabella , Lugli Elisabetta , Codeluppi Katia , Faruolo Mariapina , Bellesia Enrica , Valli Riccardo , Merli Francesco
Published: June 2021

The present article reports the case of a patient presenting with chronic myeloid leukemia, diagnosed during the accelerated phase (>20% blasts in peripheral blood samples and megakaryocyte agglomerates in the bone marrow). The subject was treated with first-line therapy with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib and reached complete clinical and molecular remission (according to the European Leukemia Net-ELN-criteria), which persisted over five years of treatment. Five years after discontinuation of nilotinib (ten years from diagnosis), the patient is in good clinical condition, with no traces of BCL-ABL1 at molecular evaluation (molecular response, MR5). The case is discussed in the setting of current literature, providing an overview on chronic myeloid leukemia and a discussion on treatment options available.
Case Report: Report of 2 Different Cases of Ovarian Teratoma Evaluated by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Glutig Katja , Alhussami Ilmi , Krüger Paul-Christian , Waginger Matthias , Eckoldt Felicitas , Mentzel Hans-Joachim
Published: June 2021

Ovarian masses are not easily differentiated on transabdominal ultrasound in children. A useful supplement in various pediatric applications is dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (dynCEUS). It can be performed quickly and easily. However, the literature for dynCEUS on pediatric ovarian masses is limited. We compared two cases with ovarian teratoma in which dynCEUS was a helpful additional tool.
Combining Snow Depth From FY-3C and In Situ Data Over the Tibetan Plateau Using a Nonlinear Analysis Method
Authors: Feng Aixia , Gao Feng , Wang Qiguang , Feng Aiqing , Zhang Qiang , Shi Yan , Gong Zhiqiang , Feng Guolin , Zhao Yufei
Published: June 2021

Snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau plays a vital role in the regional and global climate system because it affects not only the climate but also the hydrological cycle and ecosystem. However, high-quality snow data are hindered due to the sparsity of observation networks and complex terrain in the region. In this study, a nonlinear time series analysis method called phase space reconstruction was used to obtain the Tibetan Plateau snow depth by combining the FY-3C satellite data andin situdata for the period 2014–2017. This method features making a time delay reconstruction of a phase space to view the dynamics. Both of the grids and their nearbyin situsnow depth time series were reconstructed with two appropriate parameters called time delay and embedding dimension. The values of the snow depth for grids were averaged over thein situobservations and retrieval of the satellite if their two parameters were the same. That implies that the two trajectories of the time series had the same evolution trend. Otherwise, the snow depth values for grids were averaged over thein situobservation. If there were noin situsites within the grids, the retrieval of the satellite remained. The results show that the integrated Tibetan Plateau snow depth (ITPSD) had an average bias of –1.35 cm and 1.14 cm, standard deviation of the bias of 3.96 cm and 5.67 cm, and root mean square error of 4.18 cm and 5.79 cm compared with thein situdata and FY-3C satellite data, respectively. ITPSD expressed the issue that snow depth is usually overestimated in mountain regions by satellites. This is due to the introduction of more station observations using a dynamical statistical method to correct the biases in the satellite data.
Identification and Analysis of Long Non-coding RNAs in Leuciscus waleckii Adapted to Highly Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Zhao Xue Fei , Liang Li Qun , Liew Hon Jung , Chang Yu Mei , Sun Bo , Wang Shuang Yi , Mi Bo Han , Zhang Li Min
Published: June 2021

Leuciscus waleckii is a freshwater fish that is known to inhabit the Dali Nor Lake, Inner Mongolia, China. The water in this lake has an HCO3–/CO32– concentration of 54 mM (pH 9.6) and a salinity of 0.6‰. The physiological mechanisms that allow this fish to tolerate these saline/alkaline conditions have yet to be elucidated. Transcriptional component analysis has shown that the expression levels of a large number of genes involved in the pathways responsible for osmo-ionoregulation and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway expression change significantly (p < 0.05) during the regulation of acid–base balance under high alkaline stress. In this study, we investigated the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during adaptation to high alkaline conditions. Fish were challenged to an NaHCO3-adjusted alkalinity of 0 mM, 30 mM (pH 9.44 ± 0.08), and 50 mM (pH 9.55 ± 0.06) for 20 days in the laboratory. Gill and kidney tissues were then collected for high-throughput sequencing assays. A total of 159 million clean reads were obtained by high-throughput sequencing, and 41,248 lncRNA transcripts were identified. Of these, the mean number of exons and the mean length of the lncRNA transcripts were 4.8 and 2,079 bp, respectively. Based on the analysis of differential lncRNA transcript expression, a total of 5,244 and 6,571 lncRNA transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in the gills and kidneys, respectively. Results derived from Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the coding genes were correlated with the lncRNA expression profiles. GO analysis showed that many lncRNAs were enriched in the following processes: “transporter activity,” “response to stimulus,” and “binding.” KEGG analysis further revealed that metabolic pathways were significantly enriched. A random selection of 16 lncRNA transcripts was tested by RT-qPCR; these results were consistent with our sequencing results. We found that a large number of genes, with the same expression profiles as those with differentially expressed lncRNAs, were associated with the regulation of acid–base balance, ion transport, and the excretion of ammonia and nitrogen. Collectively, our data indicate that lncRNA-regulated gene expression plays an important role in the process of adaptation to high alkaline conditions in L. waleckii.
Monitoring of Suspended Sediments in a Tropical Forested Landscape With Citizen Science
Authors: Njue Naomi , Gräf Jan , Weeser Björn , Rufino Mariana C. , Breuer Lutz , Jacobs Suzanne R.
Published: June 2021

Catchments are complex systems, which require regular monitoring of hydro-chemical parameters in space and time to provide comprehensive datasets. These are needed to characterize catchment behavior on a local level, make future projections based on models, implement mitigation measures and meet policy targets. However, many developing countries lack a good infrastructure for hydrological monitoring since its establishment is costly and the required resources are often not available. To overcome such challenges in data scarce regions like Kenya, a participatory citizen science approach can be a promising strategy for monitoring water resources. This study evaluates the potential of using a contributory citizen science approach to explore spatiotemporal turbidity and suspended sediment dynamics in the Sondu-Miriu river basin, western Kenya. A group of 19 citizen scientists was trained to monitor turbidity using turbidity tubes and water levels with water level gauges in six nested subcatchments of the Sondu-Miriu river basin. Over the course of the project, a total of 37 citizen scientists participated and contributed to the overall dataset of turbidity. The sampling effort and data contribution varied from year to year and among participants with the majority of the data (72%) originating from 8 (22%) citizen scientists. Comparison between citizen-scientist collected suspended sediment data and measurements from automated stations showed high correlation (R2 > 0.9) which demonstrates that data collected by citizen scientists can be comparable to data collected using expensive monitoring equipment. However, there was reduced precision of the measurements of suspended sediment concentrations at low and high levels attributed largely to the detection limitations of the turbidity tubes and citizen scientists not capturing major sediment export events. Suspended sediment concentrations were significantly higher downstream (109 ± 94 mg L−1), a subcatchment dominated by agriculture and rangeland with low forest vegetation cover, as compared to a subcatchment with high forest cover (50 ± 24.7 mg L−1). This finding indicates that forest cover is a key landscape feature to control suspended sediment concentrations in the region. Future citizen science projects should focus on motivation and engagement strategies and the application of robust methods with improved detection limits and resolution to advance hydrological monitoring.