bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spindle nodal chain in three-dimensional α′ boron
Authors: Gao Yan , Xie Yuee , Chen Yuanping , Gu Jinxing , Chen Zhongfang
Published: August 2018

A three-dimensional 3D-α′ boron is proposed and a novel spindle nodal chain is found in this material.
A sui generis electrode-driven spatial confinement effect responsible for strong twisting enhancement of floppy molecules in closely packed self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Bâldea Ioan
Published: August 2018

Twisting angle enhancement of floppy molecules in closely packed SAMs is a result of electrode-driven space confinement rather than of charge transfer or specific chemical bonding.
Efficient hydro-deoxygenation of lignin derived phenolic compounds over bifunctional catalysts with optimized acid/metal interactions
Authors: Ju Chao , Li Mingrui , Fang Yunming , Tan Tianwei
Published: August 2018

A stable bifunctional catalyst for hydro-deoxygenation of lignin derived phenolic compounds was obtained through simple selective deposition of Pt on alumina in a commonly used Al2O3-ZSM-5 nanocomposite, and the catalyst retained its complete deoxygenation capacity for more than 500 h.
Calibrating NIST SRM 683 as a new international reference standard for Zn isotopes
Authors: Yang Yuhan , Zhang Xingchao , Liu Sheng-Ao , Zhou Ting , Fan Haifeng , Yu Huimin , Cheng Wenhan , Huang Fang
Published: August 2018

Zinc isotopes have been increasingly applied in cosmochemistry, geochemistry, and environmental sciences.
Quantitative phase microscopy of red blood cells during planar trapping and propulsion
Authors: Ahmad Azeem , Dubey Vishesh , Singh Vijay Raj , Tinguely Jean-Claude , Øie Cristina Ionica , Wolfson Deanna L. , Mehta Dalip Singh , So Peter T. C. , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh
Published: August 2018

Here, we have combined quantitative phase microscopy and waveguide trapping techniques to study changes in RBC morphology during planar trapping and transportation.
High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in microfluidic droplets
Authors: Hale William , Rossetto Gabriel , Greenhalgh Rachael , Finch Graeme , Utz Marcel
Published: August 2018

Combining structural shimming with paramagnetic doping removes magnetic susceptibility mismatches, allowing meaningful NMR spectroscopy of microfluidic droplet emulsions.
Tacrine–deferiprone hybrids as multi-target-directed metal chelators against Alzheimer's disease: a two-in-one drug
Authors: Chand Karam , Rajeshwari Karam , Candeias Emanuel , Cardoso Sandra M , Chaves Sílvia , Santos M Amélia
Published: August 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder affecting several million people worldwide. So far, there is no adequate medication to prevent or slow down the progression of the disease, only medication with palliative effects allowing temporary symptomatic reliefs. As part of our continuing efforts into the development of innovative drugs following a polypharmacological strategy, we decided to use a former anti-AD palliative drug (tacrine) and to reposition it by hybridization with a metal chelating drug (deferiprone, DFP). This combination endows the hybrids with good capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (low micromolar range) and self-/Cu-induced Aβ aggregation (up to ca. 90%) as well as a good radical scavenging ability (micromolar range) and metal (M) chelating capacity, with pM (pM = −log[M], CL/CM = 10, CM = 10−6 M at pH = 7.4, M = Fe, Cu, Zn) values close to those of DFP. The most promising compounds have 2-hydroxypropyl linkers, and a selection of compounds have demonstrated neuroprotective roles in neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ1–42 and ascorbate/iron stressors. Consequently, these hybrids can be considered as attractive multipotent therapeutic molecules that will eventually play key roles against AD progression, namely in the control of cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid peptide aggregation, oxidative stress, and metal modulation, besides presenting a good pharmacokinetic profile.
Lanthanide(iii) coordination polymers for luminescence detection of Fe(iii) and picric acid
Authors: Xu Cong , Huang Haipeng , Ma Jingxin , Liu Wei , Chen Chunyang , Huang Xin , Yang Lizi , Pan Fu-Xing , Liu Weisheng
Published: August 2018

Two 2D coordination polymers exhibit a sensitive and fast luminescence quenching response to Fe3+and picric acid (PA) in water with a high quenching effect constant (Ksv) for PA (>17 000 M−1) and Fe3+(>3950 M−1).
Fabrication of anti-fouling PVDF nanocomposite membranes using manganese dioxide nanospheres with tailored morphology, hydrophilicity and permeation
Authors: Sri Abirami Saraswathi Meenakshi Sundaram , Rana Dipak , Divya Kumar , Alwarappan Subbiah , Nagendran Alagumalai
Published: August 2018

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanospheres were prepared by a facile hydrothermal technique and their influence on the permeation and antifouling properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes was investigated.
Quinoxaline as an integrated directing group in palladium-catalyzed ortho-C–H bond arylation of the aryl unit of 2-arylquinoxalines
Authors: Idris Imane , Derridj Fazia , Roisnel Thierry , Doucet Henri , Soulé Jean-François
Published: August 2018

ortho-Directed arylation of the C(sp2)–H bond of 2-arylquinoxalines with a broad range of aryl bromides was achieved using phosphine-free Pd(OAc)2.
Sensing of diclofenac by a porphyrin-based artificial receptor
Authors: Intrieri Daniela , Damiano Caterina , Rizzato Silvia , Paolesse Roberto , Venanzi Mariano , Monti Donato , Savioli Marco , Stefanelli Manuela , Gallo Emma
Published: August 2018

The synthesis of a porphyrin chemosensor is here reported as well as its sensing activity in detecting the emerging pollutant diclofenac with an overall 1 : 1 binding constant of about 105 M−1.
Ultrasensitive and highly selective FRET aptasensor for Hg2+ measurement in fish samples using carbon dots/AuNPs as donor/acceptor platform
Authors: Amiri Shole , Ahmadi Rezgar , Salimi Abdollah , Navaee Aso , Hamd Qaddare Somaye , Amini Mohammad Kazem
Published: August 2018

A novel strategy was proposed for the determination of Hg2+ in water, foods, and living organisms based on the quenching and recovery of the fluorescence of CDs-ssDNA through the FRET process induced by AuNPs-cDNA. The results showed a wide response range, pM detection limit, and high selectivity.
Dual photoluminescence and charge transport in an alkoxy biphenyl benzoate ferroelectric liquid crystalline–graphene oxide composite
Authors: Singh Dharmendra Pratap , Duponchel Benoit , Boussoualem Yahia , Agrahari Kaushlendra , Manohar Rajiv , Kumar Veeresh , Pasricha Renu , Pujar Gonibasappa H. , Inamdar Sanjeev R. , Douali Redouane , Daoudi Abdelylah
Published: August 2018

GO has been dispersed in a ferroelectric liquid crystalline material to prepare a FLC–GO composite.
A H2O2-free depot for treating bacterial infection: localized cascade reactions to eradicate biofilmsin vivo
Authors: Yan Zhengqing , Bing Wei , Ding Chao , Dong Kai , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: August 2018

H2O2-free depots (CaO2/H-G@alginate) can produce hROSin situthrough localized cascade reactions, damaging the main components of biofilms.
Why do A·T and G·C self-sort? Hückel aromaticity as a driving force for electronic complementarity in base pairing
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wu Chia-Hua , Wu Judy I-Chia
Published: August 2018

Computations reveal that the potential for aromaticity gain and loss in nucleobases play key roles in modulating base pairing strengths.
Reduction of aromatic nitriles into aldehydes using calcium hypophosphite and a nickel precursor
Authors: Mouselmani Rim , Hachem Ali , Alaaeddine Ali , Métay Estelle , Lemaire Marc
Published: August 2018

The reduction of aromatic nitriles to aldehydes is performed with good to excellent yields and selectivities. Calcium hypophosphite is used in the presence of nickel(ii) catalyst and base in a water/ethanol system.
Thermally-induced intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of acrylamide-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Yang Song , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: August 2018

Thermally-induced intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloadditions of acrylamide-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes to generate a series of novel cyclobutane-containing spiro[2.3]hexanes were disclosed.
Synthesis of oxindoles through trifluoromethylation of N-aryl acrylamides by photoredox catalysis
Authors: Lu Maojian , Liu Zhiji , Zhang Jinwang , Tian Yu , Qin Honggui , Huang Mingqiang , Hu Shirong , Cai Shunyou
Published: August 2018

A photocatalytic trifluoromethylation of activated alkenes has been established to access CF3-containing oxindoles under strong oxidant and transition metal free conditions.
Different transition metal combinations of LDH systems and their organic modifications as UV protecting materials for polypropylene (PP)
Authors: Naseem Sajid , Lonkar Sunil P. , Leuteritz Andreas , Labuschagné Frederick J. W. J.
Published: August 2018

In this research, the use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as ultraviolet (UV) light-protecting additives for PP is explored.
Evaluating a learning progression on ‘Transformation of Matter’ on the lower secondary level
Authors: Emden M. , Weber K. , Sumfleth E.
Published: August 2018

One of the most central tenets of chemistry education is developing an understanding of the processes that involve the Transformation of Matter. Current German curricula postulate content-related abilities (Kompetenzen) that are expected to be achieved by secondary students when graduating from the lower secondary level at grade 10. These abilities can further be differentiated as relating to either structural aspects of matter or to aspects of chemical reaction. Little is known of howKompetenzenin these two fields develop over time on the lower secondary level. This study aims at elucidating this development by suggesting a hypothetical learning progression for the lower secondary level. This learning progression is visualised as a Strand Map and is investigated using methods from three statistical approaches: Rasch-analyses, Classical Test Theory, and Bayesian Networks. Concurrent data from all three strands of analyses inform the evaluation of the learning progression and support the notion that an understanding of the Transformation of Matter relies on interrelatedKompetenzento conceptualize Structure of Matter and Chemical Reaction. Moreover, Bayesian networks underline that there is more than one progression when learning about chemistry on the lower secondary level.
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2to produce higher alcohols
Authors: Munir Shamsa , Varzeghani Amir Rahimi , Kaya Sarp
Published: August 2018

Electrodeposited and thermally oxidized copper based electrodes to produce higher alcohols.
A contactless approach for monitoring the mechanical properties of swollen hydrogels
Authors: Ruland Andres , Chen Xifang , Khansari Afsaneh , Fay Cormac D. , Gambhir Sanjeev , Yue Zhilian , Wallace Gordon G.
Published: August 2018

Using ultrasound, we provide a simple and rapid contactless approach for the mechanical characterization of photocrosslinked hydrogels with swelling properties.
A diffusion-driven fabrication technique for anisotropic tubular hydrogels
Authors: Mredha Md. Tariful Islam , Tran Van Tron , Jeong Sin-Gu , Seon Jong-Keun , Jeon Insu
Published: August 2018

A bio-inspired, simple, and versatile diffusion-driven method to fabricate complex tubular hydrogels is reported.
Competing polymer–substrate interactions mitigate random copolymer adsorption
Authors: Davis Mary J. B. , Zuo Biao , Priestley Rodney D.
Published: August 2018

Compositional heterogeneity introduces a competition between individual polymer–substrate interactions that limits the growth of irreversibly adsorbed layers.
Vapor phase synthesized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-trifluoromethanesulfonate as a transparent conductor material
Authors: Brooke Robert , Franco-Gonzalez Juan Felipe , Wijeratne Kosala , Pavlopoulou Eleni , Galliani Daniela , Liu Xianjie , Valiollahi Roudabeh , Zozoulenko Igor V. , Crispin Xavier
Published: August 2018

Experimental and theoretical simulations of high conductive vapour phased synthesized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for transparent conductor applications.
Illuminating the nature and behavior of the active center: the key for photocatalytic H2production in Co@NH2-MIL-125(Ti)
Authors: Iglesias-Juez Ana , Castellanos Sonia , Monte Manuel , Agostini Giovanni , Osadchii Dmitrii , Nasalevich Maxim A. , Santaclara Jara G. , Olivos Suarez Alma I. , Veber Sergey L. , Fedin Matvey V. , Gascón Jorge
Published: August 2018

Insight into the operation at the molecular level of a promising light-driven H2production system based on Co catalytic sites hosted in a Ti-based MOF.
Tuning the catalytic activity of heterogeneous two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Noh Seung Hyo , Hwang Jeemin , Kang Joonhee , Seo Min Ho , Choi Daehyeon , Han Byungchan
Published: August 2018

This study establishes big data for the catalytic properties of two-dimensional metal-dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In addition to conventionally known active sites of edges, it proposes that terrace sites (or the basal plane) can be substantially activated for the HER.
The interaction of β2-microglobulin with gold nanoparticles: impact of coating, charge and size
Authors: Cantarutti Cristina , Bertoncin Paolo , Posocco Paola , Hunashal Yamanappa , Giorgetti Sofia , Bellotti Vittorio , Fogolari Federico , Esposito Gennaro
Published: August 2018

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proved to be ideal scaffolds to build nanodevices whose performance can be tuned by changing their coating.
Stable tandem luminescent solar concentrators based on CdSe/CdS quantum dots and carbon dots
Authors: Liu Guiju , Zhao Haiguang , Diao Feiyu , Ling Zhibin , Wang Yiqian
Published: August 2018

A C-dot layer serves as a protective layer, located on the top of a QD layer, to improve the efficiency and photo-stability.
Selective synthesis, polymorphism, reversible phase transition and structure-dependent optical functionalities of gadolinium oxyfluorides
Authors: Wen Ting , Li Xueyan , Ning Depeng , Yao Jinchen , Yang Baocheng , Wang Yonggang
Published: August 2018

Orthorhombic and rhombohedral gadolinium oxyfluorides exhibiting reversible phase transition and distinct upconversion and magnetic resonance imaging properties were selectively synthesized.
Giant energy-storage density and high efficiency achieved in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–Bi(Ni0.5Zr0.5)O3 thick films with polar nanoregions
Authors: Sun Ningning , Li Yong , Zhang Qiwei , Hao Xihong
Published: August 2018

A novel (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–Bi(Ni0.5Zr0.5)O3 thick film with nanopolar structures is an environmentally friendly candidate material for high energy-storage capacitor.
Augmented reality visualisation for orthopaedic surgical guidance with pre‐ and intra‐operative multimodal image data fusion
Authors: El‐Hariri Houssam , Pandey Prashant , Hodgson Antony J. , Garbi Rafeef
Published: August 2018

Augmented reality (AR) has proven to be a useful, exciting technology in several areas of healthcare. AR may especially enhance the operator's experience in minimally invasive surgical applications by providing more intuitive and naturally immersive visualisation in those procedures which heavily rely on three‐dimensional (3D) imaging data. Benefits include improved operator ergonomics, reduced fatigue, and simplified hand–eye coordination. Head‐mounted AR displays may hold great potential for enhancing surgical navigation given their compactness and intuitiveness of use. In this work, the authors propose a method that can intra‐operatively locate bone structures using tracked ultrasound (US), registers to the corresponding pre‐operative computed tomography (CT) data and generates 3D AR visualisation of the operated surgical scene through a head‐mounted display. The proposed method deploys optically‐tracked US, bone surface segmentation from the US and CT image volumes, and multimodal volume registration to align pre‐operative to the corresponding intra‐operative data. The enhanced surgical scene is then visualised in an AR framework using a HoloLens. They demonstrate the method's utility using a foam pelvis phantom and quantitatively assess accuracy by comparing the locations of fiducial markers in the real and virtual spaces, yielding root mean square errors of 3.22, 22.46, and 28.30 mm in the x, y, and z directions, respectively.
Augmented reality guidance in cerebrovascular surgery using microscopic video enhancement
Authors: Vassallo Reid , Kasuya Hidetoshi , Lo Benjamin W.Y. , Peters Terry , Xiao Yiming
Published: August 2018

Cerebrovascular surgery treats vessel abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord, including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and aneurysms. These procedures often involve clipping the vessels feeding blood to these abnormalities, making accurate classification of blood vessel types (feeding versus draining) important during surgery. Previous work to guide the intraoperative identification of the vessels included augmented reality (AR) using pre‐operative images, injected dyes, and Doppler ultrasound, but each with their drawbacks. The authors propose and demonstrate a novel technique to help differentiate vessels by enhancing short videos of a few seconds from the surgical microscope using motion magnification and spectral analysis, and constructing AR views that fuse the analysis results as intuitive colourmaps and the surgical microscopic view. They demonstrated the proposed technique retrospectively with two real cerebrovascular surgical cases: one AVM and one aneurysm. The results showed that the proposed technique can help characterise different vessel types (feeding and draining the abnormality), which agree with those identified by the operating surgeon.
Modelling a vehicle‐ID‐based IEEE 802.11OCB MAC scheme for periodic broadcast in vehicular networks
Authors: Verma Poonam , Singh Neeta , Sharma Mohit
Published: August 2018

Periodic broadcast of cooperative awareness messages (CAMs) is of great importance considering safety‐related applications, for a network like VANET. This study proposes a vehicle‐identifier (ID)‐based MAC scheme for the periodic broadcast of CAMs in a vehicular network. Each CAM generated by a vehicle is associated with a unique ID. This study uses this attribute of CAM messages while participating in the channel assessment procedure. Each vehicle weighs the random back‐off number with the unique ID incorporated in their respective CAM. This eventually leads to the selection of a vehicle‐ID‐based random back‐off number, mitigating all possible probabilities of collision due to same back‐off number selection. The simulation is performed considering saturated traffic conditions, to analyse its behaviour under most critical situations. The proposed model eliminates the chances of selecting zero as the initial back‐off number, eliminating any chances of consecutive freeze process. The proposed one‐dimensional Markovian model is validated by MATLAB. The proposed model provides a clear depiction that it performs better than the traditional IEEE 802.11OCB used for VANET. Also, it is worth noting that the achieved results outperform the existing work in terms of average packet delay since nearly one‐fourth of the contention window size is utilised throughout the simulation.
Hybrid method for short‐term photovoltaic power forecasting based on deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Zang Haixiang , Cheng Lilin , Ding Tao , Cheung Kwok W. , Liang Zhi , Wei Zhinong , Sun Guoqiang
Published: August 2018

Photovoltaic (PV) electric power has been widely employed to satisfy rising energy demands because inexhaustible renewable energy is environmentally friendly. In order to mitigate the impact caused by the uncertainty of solar radiation in grid‐connected PV systems, a hybrid method based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is introduced for short‐term PV power forecasting. In the proposed method, different frequency components are first decomposed from the historical time series of PV power through variational mode decomposition (VMD). Then, they are constructed into a two‐dimensional data form with correlations in both daily and hourly timescales that can be extracted by convolution kernels. Moreover, the time series of residue from VMD is refined into advanced features by a CNN, which could reduce the data size and be easier for further model training along with meteorological elements. The hybrid model has been verified by forecasting the output power of PV arrays with diverse capacities in various hourly timescales, which demonstrates its superiority over commonly used methods.
Multilevel magnetic resonance imaging compression using compressive sensing
Authors: Tashan Tariq , Al‐Azawi Maher
Published: August 2018

In this study, a multilevel compressive sensing (CS) compression for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images is presented. The proposed algorithm divides the image into frames of equal size, transforms the pixels inside the frame into the sparse domain, and then applies the CS compression to each frame with different level of compression. Four levels of compression are suggested, based on how sparse is the information inside the frame. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using six real MRI images showing different parts of the human body. The experimental results show a significant improvement of 7.03 dB in peak‐signal‐to‐noise ratio and 23.76% in compression level (CL) when compared with a uniform CL algorithm.
Optimisation of phase factor in phase retrieval for reflector antennas with active surface
Authors: Xu Yueshu , Ye Qian , Meng Guoxiang
Published: August 2018

The deformation of reflector surface can be obtained by Misell algorithm using two far‐field amplitude patterns: one with the antenna in focus and the other with the antenna defocused. For reflector antennas with active surface, the defocused pattern can be measured by adjusting the panels to get a more effective phase factor instead of offsetting the sub‐reflector. The shape and size of phase factor have a great influence on the accuracy of convergent solution. To improve the performance of Misell algorithm, this study proposed an optimisation method for phase factors under different surface deformations. This method utilises Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm to get an estimation of the aperture distribution and then applies the particle swarm optimisation to optimise the phase factor parameterised by Zernike polynomials. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method is an efficient tool to achieve applicable phase factors under different surface deformations. Using the optimised phase factor, Misell algorithm can get a better convergent performance than traditional Misell algorithm.
Axial ratio measurements of circularly polarised antennas based on polarisation rotation
Authors: Li Bin
Published: August 2018

In the study, an improved method for measuring the axial ratio of circularly polarised antennas based on the polarisation rotation is proposed. In the measurements, an auxiliary antenna can work in different rotation senses of polarisation (left‐hand or right‐hand) according to the status of the antenna polariser. By measuring received signals of the circularly polarised antenna under test when the auxiliary antenna work in the left‐hand or right‐hand modes at two different axial angles, the axial ratio of the antenna under test can be determined from the polarisation efficiency equations. The measurement of a typical circularly polarised antenna is performed in the anechoic chamber by using this method. Through the comparison between the measured results and the simulation results, the validity of this method is demonstrated. This method improves the measuring efficiency and has important engineering application.
Design of a planar periodic lossy magnetic surface to improve active array patterns with enhanced isolation
Authors: Hur Jun , Byun Gangil , Choo Hosung
Published: August 2018

This study proposes the design of the periodic lossy magnetic (PLM) surface with a low profile for enhanced array characteristics. The proposed PLM surface consists of multiple rectangular grooves with equal spacing, and the grooves are filled with lossy magnetic materials to increase the surface impedance between array elements to mitigate the mutual coupling. To verify its feasibility, the authors fabricate a two‐element circularly‐polarised patch antenna array with the PLM surface inserted into the ground plane and measure antenna characteristics in a fully anechoic chamber. The results demonstrate that the PLM surface is capable of reducing the mutual coupling so that the active array patterns can be improved with higher front‐to‐back ratios and lower active reflection coefficients for large steering angles.
Performance comparison of ANNs model with VMD for short‐term wind speed forecasting
Authors: Gendeel Mohammed , Yuxian Zhang , Aoqi Han
Published: August 2018

With the integration of wind energy into electricity grids, it is becoming increasingly important to obtain accurate wind speed forecasts, and accurate wind speed forecasts are necessary to schedule power system. In this study, an artificial neural networks (NNs) model with a variational mode decomposition (VMD) for a short‐term wind speed forecasting was presented. To reduce the non‐stationary of wind speed time series, the historical wind speed was decomposed into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by a VMD. The back‐propagation NN with Levenberg–Marquardt was adopted to build sub‐models according to the different characteristic of each IMF. The sub‐models corresponding to different IMFs were superposed to obtain wind speed‐forecasting models. In the experiment, the proposed forecasting model was compared with an NN with wavelet decomposition and empirical mode decomposition. The performance was evaluated based on three metrics, namely maximum absolute error, root mean square error and the correlation coefficient. The comparison results indicate that significant improvements in forecasting accuracy were obtained with the proposed forecasting models compared with other forecasting methods.
Implementation of climate change science in viticulture sustainable development planning in Serbia
Authors: Vukovic Ana , Vujadinovic Mirjam , Ruml Mirjana , Rankovic-Vasic Zorica , Przic Zoran , Beslic Zoran , Matijasevic Sasa , Vujovic Dragan , Todic Slavica , Markovic Nebojsa , Sivcev Branislava , Zunic Dragoljub , Zivotic Ljubomir , Jaksic Darko
Published: August 2018

Growing interest in Serbia in adaptation of viticulture to climate change emerged from a recorded positive impact of summer increased draught on domestic wine quality. Another motivation is that viticulture has been recognized as one of the fastest developing agricultural sectors in Serbia and, to contain its growing potential, it is crucial to provide basis for its future sustainable development. Prioritization and implementation of adaptation measures in practice require reliable assessment of climate projections. For climate change impact assessment is used high resolution multi-model ensemble of nine regional climate models simulations, bias corrected, with two most probable future scenarios of GHG emissions RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, for the period 2016-2100. Analysis has been done for the near future, mid-century and end of the century periods. The periods are defined according to the IPCC 5thAssessment Report, which enables comparison of climate change impacts with a wider region, and preferably motivate future international collaboration and knowledge exchange.
Climate change and vine protection : the case of mildews management in
Burgundy
Authors: Zito S. , Caffarra A. , Richard Y. , Castel T. , Bois B.
Published: August 2018

Viticulture worldwide is currently facing two major challenges: adapting to climate change and reducing its environmental footprint. Plant protection is a central aspect of these challenges, firstly because pests and diseases development is strongly controlled by climate conditions, and secondly, because viticulture requires in many regions large quantities of pesticides. Phytosanitary protection is even more crucial for terroir-based viticulture areas, because the negative image given by excessive pesticide use impacts the whole region which reputation is partly built on environmental friendly practices. Moreover, most of terroir wines sensory properties and fame rely on specific cultivars, which makes it difficult to replace them using diseases resistant varieties. This study addresses the potential impact of climate change on pesticide use to control powdery and downy mildew in Burgundy. To assess the past evolution of diseases risk, a database composed by yearly number of applications of phytosanitary treatments for powdery and downy mildew diseases was built. This information was collected from 400 grapevine growers originating from 5 sub-regions of Burgundy. The data refer to yearly average number of treatments during the 1995-2014 period. Pesticide applications was related to climate by means of multiple linear regression models between the average number of treatments for powdery and downy mildews control and monthly temperature and monthly rainfall indices from April to July. Models providing the lowest error (estimated trough leave-one-out cross-validation) were selected for each of the 5 Burgundy wine sub-regions. According to each region, mildews yearly treatments number were significantly related to monthly climate data. In most models, May and June average temperature were selected with negative regression coefficients while April and May monthly precipitation were selected with positive regression coefficients. These models were fed with 1980-2100 temperature and rainfall projected data using CMIP5 RCP8.5 scenario from 18 GCM (General Circulation Models) statistically downscaled and debiased to match a daily 12 km target resolution. Increasing temperature and a slight ensemble rainfall increase (depending on the GCM) simulated during spring and early summer had inverse effects on models trend. However, regression models project a decreasing trend of the number of treatments for mildews control along the 21st century, based upon GCM data. Spraying numbers are expected to slightly vary in the future (-4,8 to -34.1% reduction), which strengthens the need for alternative plant protection strategies to match both consumer and policies promoting lower pesticides use for viticulture.
Consecuencias de la aplicación de distintas dosis de riego en la producción, el desarrollo vegetativo y la calidad de uva del cv. Cabernet Sauvignon en el valle del río Duero
Authors: Yuste Jesús , Vicente Alejandro , Martínez-Porro Daniel
Published: August 2018

La influencia del riego en zonas de clara escasez pluviométrica es conocida en general, pero la cantidad de agua aplicada en una zona de cultivo determinada puede afectar de modo particular a la producción y a la calidad de la uva. A lo largo del periodo 2012-2014 se estudió la respuesta agronómica a la aplicación de 3 tratamientos de régimen hídrico: secano (P0), riego del 25% ETo (P1) y riego del 50% ETo (P2), aplicado desde tamaño guisante hasta vendimia. El ensayo se llevó a cabo con cv. Cabernet Sauvignon sobre portainjerto 110R, plantado en 2004 y conducido en espaldera en cordón Royat bilateral, con marco de plantación de 2,2 m x 1,2 m, en Valladolid. El desarrollo vegetativo aumentó progresivamente con la dosis de riego, incrementándose el peso de madera de poda un 31% al pasar del tratamiento P0 al P1, y un 27% al pasar del P1 al P2, debido al peso del sarmiento. El rendimiento en uva también aumentó con las dosis de agua, un 25% al pasar del tratamiento P0 al P1 y un 13% al pasar del P1 al P2, debido mayormente al peso del racimo. La concentración de azúcares se vió ligeramente favorecida por el riego. El pH del mosto mostró cierta tendencia a la reducción con el riego, sobre todo con el de mayor dosis, a la par que la acidez titulable, el ácido tartárico y el ácido málico aumentaron con el riego, sobre todo con el de mayor dosis. El K y el IPT no mostraron diferencias notables ni constantes entre tratamientos, aunque en general el K aumentó algo con el riego y el IPT se redujo ligeramente con el riego de mayor dosis.
Fungi resistant grape variety diffusion: a multi-scale, multi-factor approach
Authors: Striffler Bruno , Wohlfahrt Julie , Thiollet-Scholtus Marie
Published: August 2018

Farm dependency to inputs is an issue concerning both farms and society. Viticulture is an input-intensive sector of agriculture. Some innovations in agriculture have been designed to reduce the use of inputs, such as fungi-resistant vine varieties. As the diffusion of innovation is uneven, we will compare the characteristics of innovations in both sides of the upper Rhine River. In this way we will interview farmers and analyze the geographical context. We will also compare the farms characteristics and their contexts at various scales. We expect to get a typology of innovations, with characteristics such as the impact on various scales (e.g. cropping system, farming system) and the radicalness of the changes. We also expect to get some information about the eventual levers and incentives to innovations’ diffusion, adoption or abandonment. And finally, French and German innovations will be compared to others vineyards innovations. It is possible to sharply describe several innovations reducing vineyard inputs, located on both sides of Upper Rhine River.
Monitoring a commercial vineyard in New Zealand to maintain soil health and achieve long-term sustainability
Authors: White Robert E , Watson Daniel
Published: August 2018

This paper illustrates the benefits of long-term monitoring of soil and vine health in Craggy Range’s Te Muna vineyard in the Martinborough region of New Zealand. The soils at Te Muna are formed on two river terraces. The higher and older terrace, planted to Pinot Noir, is very gravelly; the lower and younger terrace, planted to Sauvignon Blanc, contains more silt and very fine sand. Both terraces are freely drained. Soil pH, organic C and available P were monitored in selected blocks on both terraces. Under current management that includes cover crops and sheep grazing in winter, soil organic C has been stable for 10 years. Because of the regular application of RPR and intermittent liming, soil pH (water) has risen from c.5.5 to 6.5–7. Values for soil available P, measured by Olsen bicarbonate and Mehlich-3 extractions, diverged over time. The Olsen test indicated satisfactory P levels: conversely, the Mehlich test showed P values rising to very high levels, confirming Western Australian experience that this acid extraction is unsuitable for soils treated with RPR. Petiole and leaf blade P concentrations confirmed these results, but they showed greater interannual variation than the soil P measurements. Overall, the long-term sustainability of the vineyard should be assured.
Impact of sown fallows on the Xiphinema index populations in different soil types
Authors: Laveau Coralie , Mary Séverine , Darrieutort Guillaume , Leeuwen Cornelis van , Helden Maarten van
Published: August 2018

The nematode Xiphinema index is, economically, the major virus vector in viticulture, transmitting specifically the Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV), the most severe grapevine virus disease worldwide. The management of this disease has long been to use soil fumigation, harmful for both the applicator and the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate an alternative approach using plants to reduce vector nematode populations between uprooting and replanting. Of thirty botanical species, tested in previous greenhouse trials, the seven best performing plants were evaluated for their capacity to reduce X. index populations in soil compared to bare soil in 5 field trials on different soil types in Bordeaux and Burgundy. In most trials, sown fallows reduced the number of X. index nematodes more efficiently than bare soil. All plants tested in field, except Trifolium pratense, showed their efficacy in field on survival of nematodes X. index but this efficiency varied according to species and site. The best results were obtained with Medicago hybride, Tagetes minuta, Avena sativa and Vicia villosa. Over the following years we will be evaluating if a decrease of the populations of the nematode vector does lead to a significant drop or delay of GFLV contamination for the newly planted vines.
Viticulture under climate change impact: future climate and irrigation modelling
Authors: Sirnik Igor , Quénol Hervé , Ángel Jiménez-Bello Miguel , Manzano Juan , Le Roux Renan
Published: August 2018

Vine is highly sensitive to climate changes, particularly temperature changes, which can be reflected in the quality of yield. We obtained meteorological data from weather station Llíria in viticultural site Valencia DO in Spain from the period 1961-2016 and elaborated the future modelling scenario Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5) and RCP8.5 for the period 1985-2100 within the Coupled Model Intercomparison, Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for daily temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration. The irrigation requirements (IR) future models for grape varieties Tempranillo and Bobal were elaborated. Temperature and evapotranspiration trends increased during observation period and are estimated to continue rising, according to the future model. Nevertheless, precipitation trend is estimated to decrease according to the model. The future scenarios show increase trend of temperature and evapotranspiration and decrease of precipitation. Total IR for the period 1985 – 2100 is expected to increase during growing season months according to the trendline for 16.6 mm (RCP4.5) and 40.0 mm (RCP8.5) for Tempranillo and 8.2 mm (RCP4.5) and 30.9 mm (RCP8.5) for Bobal grape variety. The outcome of this research is important to understand better the future climatic trends in Valencia DO and provides valuable data to face the future climate changes.
Influencia del tipo de suelo en la características de los mostos, vinos y destilados del cv. L Palomino fino
Authors: Victoria Jimenez-Povedano Mª , Cantos-Villar Emma , Jesús Jimenez-Hierro Mª , Alberto Casas José , Miguel Trillo Luis , Guimera Salvador , Belén Puertas y
Published: August 2018

Tradicionalmente los Brandis de Jerez se elaboran con destilados o aguardientes de vinos de la variedad Airén. Sin embargo, algunas bodegas del marco de Jerez están apostando por la elaboración de Brandis a partir de la variedad Palomino fino, mayoritaria en el marco de Jerez. En este trabajo se ha estudiado la composición química y se ha realizado el análisis sensorial de mostos, vinos y destilados procedentes de uva de la variedad Palomino fino cultivada en tres tipos de suelos diferentes: albarizas, barros y arenas. Los mostos de la uva cultivada en albarizas presentaron mayor grado sacarimétrico, más acidez total y menor pH. Consecuentemente con los mostos de partida, fueron los vinos procedentes de la uva cultivada en suelo de albarizas los que presentaron mayor grado alcohólico. Los vinos procedentes de la uva cultivada en suelo de barros presentaron más concentración de acetato de etilo y de n-propanol. Sensorialmente los vinos mejor valorados fueron los procedentes de la uva cultivada en suelo de barros. Respecto a los destilados, los mejor valorados sensorialmente fueron los procedentes de uva cultivada en suelo de albarizas.
Influencia del terroir en el perfil aromático de Tempranillo Blanco en la D.O.Ca. Rioja
Authors: Martínez Juana , Rubio-Bretón Pilar , Eva Vicente Mª , Enrique García-Escudero y
Published: August 2018

En los vinos blancos el aroma es uno de los principales atributos de calidad, siendo los compuestos aportados por la uva los que determinan el perfil varietal. Tempranillo Blanco es una variedad derivada de Tempranillo Tinto por mutación natural, que desde el año 2008 está autorizada únicamente en la D.O.Ca. Rioja. Sus vinos manifiestan características organolépticas de alta calidad, con notas afrutadas y florales intensas. En este trabajo se estudió el perfil aromático varietal de Tempranillo Blanco en siete localizaciones geográficas de la D.O.Ca. Rioja durante la campaña 2016. Las parcelas se distribuyeron en las tres subzonas que integran la denominación, con características vitivinícolas diferenciadas debido a las condiciones de clima y suelo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias notables en el contenido aromático de la uva procedente de las distintas ubicaciones del viñedo. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron los norisoprenoides (48-70%), seguidos por los bencenoides (8-29%) y los aldehídos y cetonas (3-18%); otros muchos volátiles fueron detectados en menores porcentajes (compuestos C6, alcoholes, terpenos, ésteres, ácidos…). A pesar de las diferencias observadas, el perfil aromático varietal se mantuvo, por lo que se puede concluir que Tempranillo Blanco es una variedad con amplias posibilidades de adaptación a diferentes entornos vitícolas.
Role of natural terroir attributes on Barbera grapevine performance and grape quality in Piemonte region (Italy)
Authors: Perez Laura Alexandra Gonzalez , Luigi Bavaresco , Neethling Etienne
Published: August 2018

The trial was carried out in the Bersano estate (Nizza Monferrato, Piemonte, Italy) in different vineyards (Generala, Cremosina and Monteolivo) devoted to the production of DOCG Nizza, the newest and highly reputed Barbera denomination. For Bersano, this research provided access to scientific information and tools to valorise its Nizza wines and to characterize and select some sub-zones. The study investigated the effect of natural terroir attributes on vine behaviour and grape composition of cv. Barbera. Conducted in 2017, the tests included phenological phases, vegetative growth, chlorophyll and gas exchange measures. Maturation curves were also developed to better understand the time course of berry ripening, from fruit-set to harvest and statistical relationships were studied. The vineyards presented different climatic and soil conditions which influenced bud burst, shoot growth and plant photosynthesis; concerning soil properties, texture was the main differentiating factor. During the growing season, the berries followed the normal growth pattern, but an extreme drop occurred at harvest due to high diurnal temperatures. Ripening curves showed dissimilarities between the three studied vineyards, i.e. TSS, berry mass, total anthocyanins and total phenols. La Generala presented the best viticulture features regarding the vine performance and grape composition.
Upward shifts in elevation – a winning strategy for mountain viticulture in the context of climate change?
Authors: Egarter Vigl Lukas , Schmid Arno , Moser Franz , Balotti Andrea , Gartner Erwin , Katz Hermann , Quendler Siegfried , Ventura Stefania , Raifer Barbara
Published: August 2018

The advent of global climate change has major impacts upon viticultural production. Changes in the spatial limits of wine production are already being observed around the globe; vineyards are now viable at higher elevations and more polar latitudes. Climatic conditions are also threatening production in existing appellations. Therefore, sound management strategies are vital to maintain high-quality wines and varietal typicity, and to respond to changing market conditions. In mountainous regions such as the European Alps, new production areas at higher elevations are increasingly considered to be a promising solution. However, the suitability of viticulture in general, and even specific varieties of wine grapes, can change drastically across short distances in complex mountain terrain. Variations in temperature and radiation accumulation directly influence plant suitability, yield quantity, and quality. This paper shares initial findings from the REBECKA Project, a transnational research initiative designed to assess the impacts of climate change on mountain viticulture and wine quality in South Tyrol (Italy) and Carinthia (Austria). A three-part approach is utilized to better assess these dynamics: (1) historical crop yield data from local vineyards are assessed, (2) plant phenology stages and polyphenolic compounds of the Pinot Noir variety are analyzed along an elevation gradient and related to bioclimatic indices, and (3) a suitability map is developed that considers small-scale topographic and agro-environmental conditions. Taken together, these components contribute in clarifying many of the opportunities and threats facing high altitude viticulture in a changing world and provide new insights for sound decision-making in alpine vineyards.
Mapping Cabernet Franc vineyards by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for variability in vegetation indices, water status, and virus titer
Authors: Reynolds Andrew G. , Lee Hyun-Suk , Dorin Briann , Brown Ralph , Jollineau Marilyne , Shemrock Adam , Crombleholme Marnie , Jobin Poirier Emilie , Zheng Wei , Gasnier Maxime , Shabanian Mehdi , Meng Baozhong
Published: August 2018

The hypothesis of this research was that the maps based on remotely-sensed images would create zones of different vigor, yield, water status, winter hardiness and berry composition and the wines from the unique zones would show different chemical and sensorial profiles. A second hypothesis was that titer of grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) could be correlated spatially to NDVI and other spectral indices. To determine zonation, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with multispectral and thermal sensors were flown over six Cabernet Franc vineyard blocks in Ontario, Canada. Zonation was based on NDVI values, and spatial correlations were examined between the NDVI and leaf water potential (Ψ), soil water content (SWC), stomatal conductance (gs), winter hardiness (LT50), vine size, yield, and berry composition. Additional NDVI data were acquired using GreenSeeker (proximal sensing), and both NDVI data sets produced maps of similar configuration. Several direct correlations were found between UAV-based NDVI and vine size, berry weight, yield, titratable acidity, SWC, leaf Ψ, gs, and NDVI from GreenSeeker. Inverse correlations included thermal data, Brix, color/ anthocyanins/ phenols, and LT50. The pattern of UAV-based NDVI and other variables corresponded to the PCA results. Thermal scan and GreenSeeker were useful tools for mapping variability in water status, yield components, and berry composition. In 2016, zoned maps were created based on UAV NDVI data, and grapes were harvested according to the separate zones. Additionally, spatial correlations between GLRaV titer and NDVI were observed. Use of UAVs may be able to delineate zones of differing vine size, yield components, and berry composition, as well as areas of different virus status and winter hardiness.
Advanced high-performance concrete structures - challenge for sustainable and resilient future
Authors: Hajek Petr
Published: August 2018

Development and recent changes in natural and socio-economic environment requires new technical solutions for construction of new and reconstruction and modernization of existing structures. Structures and all built environment should be better prepared for new conditions - they should be sustainable and resilient. Concrete is building material with high potential for new technical solutions resulting in needed environmental impact reduction and consequent social and economic improvements. The paper presents potential contribution of concrete industry, advanced highperformance concrete and concrete structures to Sustainability Development Goals specified in UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and presents basic principles of implementation of sustainability approach into design of concrete structures and particularly to fib Model Code 2020.