bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political, Economical and Cultural Reforms in the Government of Amir Sher Ali Khan
Authors: Gharwal Saifullah , Ziar Asmatullah
Published: May 2022

The second rule of Amir Sher Ali Khan (1868-1878) has a special place in the contemporary history of Afghanistan. During this period, new features of the political, administrative, and cultural system were introduced, new institutions were established in the country, and efforts were made to flourish civilization. He is one of the most broad-minded kings in the modern history of Afghanistan who has done his best for the development of Afghanistan. This article discusses the political, social, and cultural reforms of the second sovereignty of Amir Sher Ali Khan to create a sequence of historical events and take a chronological form, therefore, before his rule and especially; during the reign of his father Amir Dost Mohammad Khan, several reform programs have been briefly discussed, which were the base for his reform’s strategy.

In the conclusion of this article, we can reach to the significant political, social, a cultural reform of Amir Shir Ali Khan to the administration of new Afghanistan. During the period, he faced to a series of internal problems and a big game played between the Russian and British colonial circles and it didn’t allow him to carry out all his plans. The British invaded Afghanistan for the second time and ended its rule, and affected the designed programs for flourishing the new civilization. Afghanistan was left behind in the caravan of global progress.
Effects of Repeated Deep Frying on Refractive Index and Peroxide Value of Selected Vegetable Oils
Authors: Mukesh Kr. Singh  , Ajay Kumar  , Roshan Kumar  , P. Satheesh Kumar  , P. Selvakumar  , Anurag Chourasia
Published: May 2022

Objectives: In preparation for deep frying, the peroxide values and refractive indices of palm, sesame, and sunflower oils were measured. The peroxide value and refractive indices of the vegetable oils used to fry white Indian potato chips in three batches were determined after each stage of deep frying. According to the findings, deep-frying significantly alters the refractive index and peroxide value of vegetable oils.
Material & Method:   Medical and scientific indexing sites like PubMed and Google Scholar were used to find relevant medical and scientific articles.
Result & Discussion: Sesame palm and sunflower oil's refractive index and peroxide value do rise when fried, but not linearly. A rise in refractive index (RI) of palm oil and a rise in the RI of sunflower oil were observed following the frying of three consecutive batches. Sesame oil's refractive index remained essentially unchanged. After three deep fryings, the peroxide values of palm oil rose from 1.9948 mEq/kg to 9.3020 mEq/kg. Sunflower oil peroxide increased from 10.6359 mEq/kg to 19.3101 mEq/kg, while sesame oil peroxide increased from 3.9914 mEq/kg to 11.9555 mEq/kg after the second batch of Indian potato chips was fried and then decreased to 11.3095 mEq/kg after the third batch of Indian potato chips was fried in the oven.
Rheumatoid Arthrities: Etiology Pathophysiology and Modern Treatments
Authors: Deepak Chandra Joshi  , Harshita  , Angana Naskar  , Kunal Datta  , Urmistha Sarkar  , Mihir Kedarbhai Otia  , Tania Khatoon
Published: May 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints. Age, gender, genetics, and environmental exposure are all factors (cigarette smoking, air pollutants, and occupational). If untreated, felty syndrome, rheumatoid vasculitis, and irreversible joint damage might occur, necessitating splenectomy. Because there is no cure for RA, treatment seeks to reduce pain and prevent further damage.
To develop effective RA treatments, researchers must first understand how the disease advances in people and how pathogenic pathways influence this progression. Modern pharmacologic therapy have made tremendous progress in obtaining illness remission without joint deformity (including conventional and biological treatments as well as novel potential small-molecule disease-modifying drugs). Despite this, many RA patients do not respond well to conventional treatments, necessitating the development of novel drugs. This comprehensive review of current advancements covers RA causation, disease-modifying drugs, and prospective RA therapeutics. This section summarises the various RA-related therapies available in the past and now.
Resume kelompom 6 habibah ibrahim kasim
Authors: kasim Habibah ibrahim
Published: May 2022

IS-LM terdiri dari IS dan LM. IS adalah Invesment Saving yang berarti pasar barang sedangkan LM adalah Liquidity Money yang berarti pasar uang. Model IS-LM menjelaskan interaksi antara dua pasar, yaitu pasar barang dan pasar uang. Pasar barang adalah pasar dimana semua barang dan jasa yang diproduksi oleh suatu negara dan dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Sebagai pasar, maka terdapat penawaran dan pemintaan begitupula pada pasar barang. Permintaan dalam pasar barang merupakan agregasi dari semua permintaan akan barang dan jasa di dalam negeri, sementara yang menjadi penawarannya adalah semua barang dan jasa yang diproduksi dalam negeri.
Dinamics the phase and equation the Tomonaga
Authors: Vitaliy K.
Published: May 2022

Dinamics the phase and equation the Tomonaga
KEBIJAKAN MONETER DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: amaliyah zahra
Published: May 2022

Kebijakan Moneter adalah kebijakan pemerintah untuk memperbaiki keadaan perekonomian melalui pengaturan jumlah uang beredar. Untuk mengatasi krisis ekonomi yang hingga kini masih terus berlangsung, disamping harus menata sektor riil, yang tidak kalah penting adalah meluruskan kembali sejumlah kekeliruan pandangan di seputar masalah uang.
Peran Kewirausahaan Dalam Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
Authors: Sari Irna
Published: May 2022

Pertumbuhan ekonomi telah menjadi tujuan dan prioritas dari beberapa negara khususnya Negara-negara yang menganut teori ekonomi klasik maupun neoklasik dengan segala derivatifnya. Pertumbuhan tersebut diungkapkan didalam kerangka ekonomi makroalam berbagai indicator, yang umumnya ditolok dari Gross Domestik Produk (GDP). Tetapi, kenyataan yang dilaporkan secara agregat tersebut sejatinya adalah merupakan akumulasi dari pertumbuhan perekonomian yang terjadi di ranah mikro dengan para wirausahawan sebagai penggeraknya. Indonesia sektor pemerintah memiliki peranan besar dalam sejarah perekonomian. kewirausahaan berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan infrastruktur jalan, bangunan, serta barang dan jasa yang di butuhkan manusia. Penyerapan tenaga kerja yang begitu banyak serta perputaran yang begitu besar dan cepat, tidak mungkin terjadi tanpa adanya peran kewirausahaan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peran kewirausahawan atau masyarakat pengusaha sangat penting dan strategis dalam memicu pertumbuhan dan pembangunan ekonomi suatu Negara. Ada empat faktor yang perlu diperhatian dalam pengembangan kewirausahaan ,yaitu: akses terhadap modal, peran inovasi, pelatihan kewirausahaan dan peran pemerintah dalam menciptakan iklim berusaha yang baik. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa pengusaha memainkan peran utama dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup individu, masyarakat dan negara. Kewirausahaan juga salah satu penentu untuk menciptakan masyarakat dan negara yang makmur.
Topological action and metric Fisher
Authors: Vitaliy K.
Published: May 2022

Topological action and metric Fisher
Keseimbangan pasar uang dan barang dalam ekonomi makro islam
Authors: widiyanti
Published: May 2022

Pasar barang merupakan pasar yang dimana tempat bertemunya penawaran dan permintaan atas sebuah barang atau jasa. Biasanya pasar barang ini disebut atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah sektor rill.
The impact of age and psychosocial factors on cognitive and auditory outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Slade Kate , Davies Rob , Pennington Charlotte Rebecca , Plack Chris , Nuttall Helen
Published: May 2022

Purpose: In March 2020, the UK government announced that people should isolate to reduce the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. Outside a pandemic, psychosocial factors, such as socialisation and mental health, may impact the relationship between hearing loss and increased dementia risk. We aim to report the impact of psychosocial factors, including social isolation, depression, and engagement in activities, on hearing and cognitive function in younger and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: An online survey and experiment assessed self-reported psychosocial factors, self-reported hearing ability and speech-in-noise perception, and cognition. Data were collected between June 2020 and February 2021. Older (N = 112, MAGE = 70.08) and younger (N = 121, MAGE = 20.52) monolingual speakers of English, without any language or neurological disorders participated. Multiple linear regression models were employed to investigate hypothesised associations between psychosocial factors, and hearing and cognition, in older and younger adults. Results: Multiple regression analyses indicated that older adults displayed poorer speech-in-noise perception and poorer performance on one of four cognitive tasks, compared to younger adults; and increased depression was associated with poorer subjective hearing. Other psychosocial factors did not significantly predict hearing or cognitive function. Conclusions: Data suggest that self-reported hearing and depression are related. This conclusion is important for understanding the associations between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the long-term, as both hearing loss and depression are risk factors for dementia.
Institutional Foundations of the Power to Persuade
Authors: Prato Carlo , Turner Ian R
Published: May 2022

Formal presidential authority does not always translate into real power over policy. To study the institutional foundations of presidential power over policy, we develop a theory in which the president can shape information available to bureaucratic subordinates via both overt, legitimate channels and covert, illegitimate interventions. We show that the president's ability to persuade bureaucrats to align policy with her own goals requires (i) some bureaucratic independence and (ii) a measure of external oversight of the executive. Both inter-branch relations and intra-branch institutions shape the credibility of presidential directives. The incentives driving aggressive oversight, moreover, depend on the commitment of overseers to their institutional missions, their policy alignment with the president, and the independence of the agency making policy. Our theory provides insights into the dynamics of presidential policy influence, and empirical implications for patterns of oversight under unified versus divided government and the institutional design of bureaucratic agencies.
Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy under Local Anesthesia or Assisted Local Anesthesia
Authors: Hamal Diwa , Kafle Prerna Arjyal , Lamichhane Binaya , Anwar Afaque , Singh Sanjaya Kumar
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy (EENDCR) is effective, safe and less time consuming procedure and scar free to manage patients with epiphora. Traditionally, EENDCR is performed under general anesthesia. Limited general anesthesia facility in our country has made EENDCR surgery limited to the hospitals with GA facilities. EENDCR surgery under local or assisted local anesthesia could be an alternative solution. The aim of the study was to study the pain tolerability of the patient undergoing EENDCR under local anesthesia (LA) or assisted local anesthesia (ALA). To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of similar studies in Nepal.
Materials and methods: This was a prospective, nonrandomized, interventional study done at a tertiary eye care center. After sample collection the study was aimed to evaluate the pain tolerability of patients undergoing EENDCR under LA or ALA. The case collection and the surgery were done by a single surgeon from 2018 Jan- 2019 April and followed for 6 to 24 months. All consecutive cases were enrolled in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients.  Inclusion criteria included chronic dacryocystitis with NLDO (Nasolacrimal duct obstruction), lacrimal sac mucocele and lacrimal sac pyocele. Previously failed DCR surgery was not included in the study. Total of 100 patients of EENDCR with a tube who completed a minimum 6 months follow up postoperatively were included in the study. Verbal rating scale (VRS) was used to report response to pain during different steps of surgery.
Results: There were 100 patients within the age range of 13-41 years of age. One hundred and six EENDCR were performed on 100 patients. Eighty-seven patients were adult (19-41) years and 13 patients were of pediatrics age group (13-18) years. There were 74 female and 26 male patients. Thirty-seven were RE (right eye), 57 were LE (Left eye) and 6 were BL (bilateral). Duration of illness was less than 6 months in 9 patients and more than 6 months in 91 patients. Ninety-two eyes were operated under LA and fourteen eyes of 11 patients asked for sedation in addition to local anesthesia (ALA). Patients reported pain during the creation of the bony ostium with Keryson’s rounger  (24 eyes, VRS 3-4) and while using the drill (19 eyes, VRS 5-6). On pain scoring, there was no pain (0-2) in patients who underwent EENDCR under ALA. Pain scoring in patients who underwent EENDCR under LA showed no pain (0-2) in 51.08%, mild pain (3-4) in 26.08%, and moderate pain (5-6) in 20.65%. Duration of surgery ranged from 15 to 45 minutes. Duration of follow up was 6- 24 months. There was a 96.2% success rate in this study.
Conclusion: EENDCR can be done under LA or ALA depending on the indication and demand of the patient.
Prevalence of Ocular Hypertension in Patients Above 40 Years of Age
Authors: Parajuli Sanket , Shrestha Pooja , Sharma Sadhana , Shrestha Jeevan K
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Ocular hypertension is a condition with elevated intraocular pressure that needs to be monitored closely to prevent glaucoma and other complications. The study aims to find out the prevalence of ocular hypertension in patients aged more than 40 years.
Materials and methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in a community based tertiary hospital of Nepal. 
Results: Mean age of the patients was 47.53years. 62% of the patients were males and 38% were females. Mean intraocular pressure in the right eye was 15.8 mmHg and mean intraocular pressure in left eye was 16.2 mm Hg. Prevalence of ocular hypertension was 6%.
Conclusion: All patients more than 40 years of age should undergo detailed ocular examination for early detection and treatment of ocular hypertension.
Modified Wheeler Technique with Inferior Lid Retractor Plication for Senile Entropion
Authors: Ul Kadir Syeed Mehbub , Jahan Farhat , Rahman Md Tauhidur , Ahmed Sharmin , Haider Md Golam , Limbu Ben
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The study aimed to assess the outcome of the modified wheeler technique with lower eyelid retractor plication for the correction of Involutional (senile) entropion among the study patients 
Materials and methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted in two tertiary eye hospitals of Bangladesh from 1 July to 31 December, 2020. This study included all patients undergoing modified wheeler technique with inferior lid retractor plication and followed up to at least one year and six months between 01 January 2015 to 31 December, 2019. All patients were suffering from senile entropion of the lower eyelid. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon and the study sample size was selected purposively. Patients were operated by the modification of modified wheeler technique for the correction of lower eyelid entropion in this study. The outcome of the surgical techniques was assessed at regular intervals on each follow up. 
Results: Thirty eyes of thirty patients were evaluated. Success rate was 100% in the 18 months follow up time with no recurrence in any. Ecchymosis, skin scarring and/or  minimal pain were observed as post-operative complications. 
Conclusion: The modified wheeler technique with inferior eyelid retractor plication is the definitive and permanent procedure for the correction of involutional entropion with minimal or no recurrence.
Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Dystrophy in a Patient with Cadherin 3 (CDH3) Mutation
Authors: Rishi Ekta , Goel Sugandha , Bassi Shikha , Rishi Pukhraj
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD) is an autosomal recessive disease with progressive macular degeneration leading to blindness in the first three decades of life along with hypotrichosis.
Case: We herein report a case of a five year old boy with hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy diagnosed with multi-modal imaging which was later confirmed by genetic testing by whole genome sequencing.
Observations: Fundus examination of both eyes revealed symmetrical hypopigmentation in peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) involving posterior pole and surrounded by a mottled hyperpigmented border. Fundus autofluorescence showed central hypo autofluorescence with surrounding hyper autofluorescence corresponding to RPE atrophy and a faint hypo autofluorescence at the junction of normal retina. SD-OCT showed segmental outer retinal and choriocapillaris atrophy temporal to fovea with interdigitation zone and ellipsoid zone loss and RPE irregularities with hyperreflective subretinal deposits at the fovea. Electroretinogram showed normal waves but a slight reduction of b wave amplitude in both eyes. He had sparse scalp-hair.
Conclusion: Children with reduced vision not falling into a typical macular degeneration should be examined systemically and may just have sparse scalp hair and still have a genetic disease. A regular follow-up should be emphasized in view of progressive nature of the disease.
Outcomes of Fungal Corneal Ulcer with Impending Perforation after Temporary Suture Tarsorrhaphy
Authors: Maharjan Sumit Singh , Pant Aashish Raj , Joshi Purushottam , Shrestha Pranav , Sharma Ranjana
Published: May 2022

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate outcomes and complications of temporary suture tarsorrhaphy (TST) in cases of impending corneal ulcer perforation.
Materials and methods: Case records of patients who underwent temporary suture tarsorrhaphy at Mechi Eye Hospital during a period of 18 months were retrospectively evaluated. All the smear positive fungal keratitis with more than 5mm infiltration involving central and/or paracentral cornea with impending corneal perforation were included. Demographic and clinical profile including – visual acuity, indication for temporary suture tarsorrhaphy, duration of signs and symptoms were noted. The outcomes were evaluated after 1 month and 3 months post tarsorrhaphy, in relation with time to epithelial healing, anatomical success rate, best corrected visual acuity, complications associated with non-healing corneal ulcer, number of temporary suture tarsorrhaphy needed and complications of TST. 
Results: The study included 119 cases of smear positive fungal keratitis with mean age of 51.34 + 15.56 years. In this study, 56.30% of the patients developed epithelial healing at 2 – 4 weeks with mean duration of 23.24 + 12.09 days of temporary suture tarsorrhaphy. Out of 119 patients, the corneal ulcer healed in 84 patients (70.6%), whereas 35 (29.4%) did not heal. Among those with non-healing ulcers, 15 patients (12.6%) had to undergo evisceration. The anatomical success rate was 87.39% which was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Regarding visual outcome, in 62 patients (52.10%) BCVA improved by 2 or more lines, which was statistically significant (P<0.05) resulting in a functional success of 26.89%.
Conclusion: This study concludes that temporary suture tarsorrhaphy could be a useful option for management of corneal ulcers with impending perforation in eye centers with limited resources settings and high disease burden with good anatomical and functional outcome.
Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Corneal Foreign Bodies: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Tina , Parajuli Sanket , Sharma Sadhana , Shrestha Riyaz , Singh Prerana
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Corneal foreign bodies are one of the commonest forms of ocular trauma, the majority of which occur due to occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to study the profile of patients with   corneal foreign bodies.
Materials and methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted among 60 patients presenting to the ophthalmology outpatient department in Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital (DH-KUH) over a time span of 6 months. Demographic data of patients, clinical characteristics of foreign bodies and associated complications were noted.
Results: Most of the patients were males (n=55) belonging to the 21-30 age group (n=24). Majority of them were workers in metal industries (n=26). Welding and cutting metal were implicated as the most common mode of injury (n=53).
Conclusion: By virtue of this study, we identified the high risks associated with sustaining this form of ocular trauma. The incidence and hence the prevalence of corneal foreign body can be gradually levelled down if we aware the people about the associated complications and advise them to use protective eye wears (PEW).
Knowledge Assessment on Cortical Visual Impairment Among Ophthalmologists in Nepal
Authors: Lama Ang Jangmu , Parajuli Rojeeta , Poudel Manish , Adhikari Srijana
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Cortical visual impairment (CVI) in children is a retro chiasmal visual tract disorder where there is with an impairment in the visual acuity and/or functionality of vision-guided task, including motor planning in the presence of normal ocular findings or minimal ocular morbidity. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge about CVI among ophthalmologists practicing in Nepal.
Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study. Data collection was done by administering a preformed, validated questionnaire that was sent via email to all the ophthalmologists registered under the Nepal Ophthalmic Society. The email mentioned the aim of the study along with the questionnaire. 
Results: A total of 146 (37.82%) ophthalmologists responded to the questionnaire. Forty four percent of the participants were general ophthalmologists, 28% were pediatric ophthalmologists and 67% were ophthalmologists from other subspecialty. The median age of participants was 37.6 years. Most of the ophthalmologist had a good knowledge about the cause, common risk factors, clinical risk factors, management and prognosis of CVI. However only 29.5% of participants were aware of the investigation of choice for diagnosing CVI and 31.7% were aware of the leading causes of visual impairment in the developed countries. The study also established that the knowledge score was higher in pediatric ophthalmologists than the general ophthalmologist and ophthalmologists from other specialties.
Conclusion: Most of the ophthalmologists had a good knowledge about the cause, common risk factors, clinical features, management and prognosis of CVI. However only a limited number of participants were aware of the investigation of choice for diagnosing CVI and the leading causes of visual impairment in the developed countries. Majority of the participants rarely examined patients with CVI which does not correlate with the high prevalence of perinatal hypoxia, the commonest cause of CVI, in our country.
Iridofundal Coloboma Associated with Vitreous Haemorrhage and an Intraocular Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Sodhi Punita Kumari , Sharma Anu , Verma Saurabh , Shaw Ekta
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Iridofundal colobomas, being developmental defects, are known to be accompanied by several ocular anomalies but an association with vitreous hemorrhage and an intraocular mass has not been reported earlier.
Case: We report a case of an 18 years old subject having iridofundal coloboma in both eyes and an association of vitreous hemorrhage and an intraocular mass in the left eye. The diagnosis was confirmed with a detailed ocular examination, fundus fluorescein angiography, swept-source optical coherence tomography and ultrasonography. The laser barrage of coloboma caused a regression in the size of the intraocular mass and prevented recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage over one and half years of follow-up.
Conclusion: The source of vitreous hemorrhage in this subject is unclear though some anomalous vessels in relation to the supero-nasal mass, optic disc and coloboma of the left eye might have caused it. The laser barrage of coloboma obscured these anomalous vessels resulting in the regression of the intraocular mass.
Comparison of Ziehl Neelsen Stain, Auramine Rhodamine Stain and Culture Sensitivity of AFB in Routine and Concentrated Pleural Fluid
Authors: Thapa Kamal Raj , Bhattarai Madhur Dev , Thapa Anu , Basnet Tulasa
Published: May 2022

Background: Nearly one third of the global population is infected with mycobacterial tuberculosis. Pleural tuberculosis accounts for 20% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion is difficult because of the low detection rate of different diagnostic tests like microscopy and culture. Current study aimed to compare the detection rate of different tests in non-concentrated and concentrated pleural fluid.

Methods: A hospital based prospective cross sectional study was carried out over one year duration in the Medicine Department of Bir Hospital. A total of 52 cases were enrolled. Detailed history taking and physical examination; radiological, hematological and serum biochemical investigations were performed. Thoracocentesis was performed in all the patients; 20 ml pleural fluid was sent for microscopy with ZN and AR staining as well as for AFB culture. Up to 500ml of pleural fluid was heparinized and kept on cylindrical jar for two hours and 50 ml of sediment was also sent for microscopy and culture within one hour. The results obtained were documented and analysis was done.

Results: A total of 52 patients, 31 (59.6%) males and 21 (40.4%) females were included. Their mean age of study participants was 38.67 ± 17.71 (range 16-82 years). Common presentations were fever (94.2%), cough (92.3%), breathlessness (84.6%), chest pain (65.4%) and significant weight loss (59.6%). Haemoptysis was present in 13.5%, anemia in 48.1%, enlarged cervical lymph nodes in 5.8% of the patients. The detection rates of ZN stain, AR stain and AFB culture in non-concentrated pleural fluid were 3.8%, 9.6% and 11.5% respectively. The detection rates for the same tests using concentrated pleural fluid of the same patients were 7.7%, 25% and 17.3% respectively. Differences in detection rate with AR stain and AFB culture for non- concentrated and concentrated pleural fluid were statistically significant (p value <0.01).

Conclusion: The detection of AFB using microscopy with ZN and AR staining as well as culture in solid media is low. The detection rate was significantly increased by using concentrated pleural fluid sample for microscopy and culture.
Pulmonary Mucormycosis secondary to Severe Acute Respiratory Illness due to Covid 19 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Karthak Ashish , Shrestha Ashish , Gurung Naresh , Bhusal Yuvaraj , Lama Rakesh , Rayamajhi Sulav , Bhattarai Sanjeet , Regmi Asim , Ghimire Anup , Khanal Kishor , Shrestha Sanjeet K
Published: May 2022

Patients diagnosed and hospitalized with SARS COV-2 are managed with corticosteroids due to its known benefits for the prevention of airway inflammation secondary to acute respiratory distress syndrome seen commonly in viral pneumonia. However, these patients carry a high risk of developing secondary bacterial and fungal infection. We present a case of 60-year-old male with COVID-19 pneumonia. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary mucormycosis 18 days following admission. The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, remdesivir and corticosteroids along with antifungals including voriconazole and amphotericin B with no significant improvement. However, even after extensive medical management patient was eventually intubated and succumbed to its complications. Mucormycosis although an uncommon infection should be considered due to extensive use of glucocorticoid therapy and concurrent comorbidities present among COVID-19 patients.
ARDS as a presenting feature in sarcoidosis: an uncommon occurrence
Authors: Shrestha Sanjeet K , Malla Jonas , Bhusal Yuvaraj , Bhattarai Sanjeet , Lama Rakesh , Rayamajhi Sulav , Gurung Naresh , Shrestha Ashish , Karthik Ashish , Pradhan Pratistha , Rana Reena , Khetan Khusboo
Published: May 2022

Sarcoidosis though a chronic multi-system granulomatous disease, predominantly involves respiratory system. Often asymptomatic, patients can present with lymphadenopathy, prolonged fever and shortness of breath. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is relatively uncommon presenting feature of the disease. Here we present a case of a 19 years old female presenting in acute respiratory distress syndrome, eventually being diagnosed as Sarcoidosis. Although different diagnostic criteria have been developed for early diagnosis of sarcoidosis, atypical presentations can always pose significant challenge and lag for the diagnosis.
Scrub Typhus in Intensive Care Unit in Kathmandu – A case series from a tertiary center
Authors: Rajkarnikar Ruja , Paudyal Bidhan Raj , Awale Ayushi , Shrestha Sanjeev , Sharma Lucky , Pant Subash , Shrestha Sanjeet K
Published: May 2022

Scrub typhus is a rickettsial zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi which can cause focal or disseminated vasculitis & perivasculitis in various body systems. It is endemic in many parts of Nepal & has been neglected & under-detected. We clinically assessed six patients from a intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Nepal that tested positive for scrub typhus using IgM ELISA & analyzed their profiles.

Out of six patients, three were male & three were female with a mean age of 44.6 years. All six patients had chief complaints of fever & myalgia. Four patients presented with eschar. Three patients presented with septic shock while one presented with septicemia and meningoencephalitis. Only one patient had elevated white cell counts. Four out of six patients had transaminitis. Thrombocytopenia was present in two patients. Hypoalbuminemia was present in three patients. All cases tested negative for dengue, malaria, brucella, Leptospira, leishmania, salmonella & tuberculosis.

This study points out the need for raising the index of suspicion & early screening of scrub typhus in patients with fever & laboratory findings of liver dysfunction or thrombocytopenia even with normal white cell counts.
Awareness of community about sound sleep, sleep disorders and its implications: a step towards sleep health
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneel , Sijapati Milesh Jung
Published: May 2022

Sleep is a naturally cyclical state of the mind and body. It plays an indispensable role in sustaining the good health of an individual. Inadequate and poor-quality sleep upsets the people of all ages leading to widespread impact on the body and mind. Insufficient sleep can be due either to medical conditions or mental health disorders or sleep disorders. Worldwide, 30%-35% of adults are suffering from insomnia, and about 10% of the population fits in diagnostic criteria for sleep disorders. From 8 countries across Asia and Africa, 17% people reported trouble with their sleep. People have poor knowledge and awareness about the sleep disorders. There is scarcity of trained healthcare professionals and workers in sleep medicine in South Asia; trained and experienced health professionals need to enhance the services of sleep medicine to meet the needs of their population. Creating awareness among the public about sleep and sleep disorders is one of the step towards Sleep Health. It is recommended to the policy makers of countries of South Asia to develop National Sleep Health Policy to address the issue of Sleep Health as lack of sleep or inadequate sleep both in quantity and quality will have impacts on health of the people and consequently economy of the country.
Instytucja prawa łaski – de lege lata i de lege ferenda
Authors: Kruszyński Piotr
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the subject of the right of pardon in the Polish legal system. The study depicts the essence of the right of pardon and answers the question whether this right, as expressed in Article 139 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, can be realised only within the scope defined in Chapter 59 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, entitled “Clemency,” or if the term “right of pardon” has a wider meaning than “clemency,” e.g., so as to permit application by the President of the Republic of Poland, at every stage of the proceedings, of so called individual right of pardon. Moreover, the article discusses the latest case-law of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Tribunal on the right of pardon and formulates a number of postulates de lege ferenda regarding the analysed question.
O zagadnieniu współpracy organów władzy wykonawczej w systemach półprezydenckich
Authors: Czachor Rafał
Published: May 2022

The following review presents a recently published monograph written by Tapio Raunio and Thomas Sedelius which tackles the issue of formal and informal aspects of the semi-presidential model of the political system. The book covers three cases: Finland, Lithuania, and Romania. The authors have thoroughly discussed both the institutions for coordinating cooperation between presidents and prime ministers and the informal paths of presidential influence. Such influences are factors that destabilise the regular coordination of exercising the executive power. It is found that the key factors that destabilise cooperation of presidents and prime ministers are: the political culture of a particular society and the type of political leadership presented by each president.
Toward a New Theory of Earth Crustal Displacement
Authors: Carlotto Mark
Published: May 2022

Snapshot/Lay Summary—In 1958 Charles Hapgood proposed that mass imbalances created by a buildup of polar ice could displace the earth’s crust over the mantle and that resulting pole shifts were the cause of catastrophic climate changes and ice ages. We contrast the first part of his theory with plate tectonics and true polar wander and propose a new mechanism that is triggered by short-term reversals of the geomagnetic field that “unlock” the crust from the mantle, driven by earth–moon–sun tidal forces, the same forces that move earth’s oceans. It is shown that by combining a modified version of the second part of Hapgood’s theory with elements of existing climate theories it may be possible to account for periodic sea-level changes associated with the buildup and melting of polar ice over past glacial cycles with a combination of Milanković cycles and Hapgood pole shifts.

 

Abstract—In previous studies of more than two hundred archaeological sites, it was discovered that the alignments of almost half of the sites could not be explained, and about 80% of the unexplained sites appear to reference four locations within 30° of the North Pole. Based on their correlation with Hapgood’s estimated positions of the North Pole over the past 100,000 years, we proposed that, by association, sites aligned to these locations could be tens to hundreds of thousands of years old. That such an extraordinary claim rests on Hapgood’s unproven theory of earth crustal displacement/pole shifts is problematic, even given the extraordinary number of aligned sites (more than several hundred) that have been discovered thus far. Using a numerical model we test his hypothesis that mass imbalances in the crust due to a buildup of polar ice are sufficient to displace the crust to the extent required in his theory. We discover in the process that the crust is not currently in equilibrium with the whole earth in terms of its moments of inertia. Based on a review of the literature that reveals a possible connection between the timing of short-term reversals of the geomagnetic field (geomagnetic excursions), super-volcanic eruptions, and glacial events, we hypothesize that crustal displacements might be triggered by geomagnetic excursions that “unlock” the crust from the mantle to the extent that available forces, specifically earth–moon–sun tidal forces, the same forces that move earth’s oceans, can displace the crust over the mantle. It is demonstrated how such a model, when combined with existing climate change theory, may be able to explain periodic changes in sea level associated with the buildup and melting of polar ice over past glacial cycles by a combination of Milanković cycles and Hapgood pole shifts.
On Subtle Bodies, Out-of-Body Experiences, and Apparitions of the Living: A Review of Ernesto Bozzano's Study of "Bilocation"
Authors: Alvarado Carlos S. , Biondi Massimo
Published: May 2022

For many years there have been phenomena such as apparitions of the living, photographs of the living at a distance, near-death experiences, emanations of light from the dying, fog, or incorporeal “doubles,” which have suggested the existence of a spirit, or “subtle body,” able to separate itself from the physical body, sometimes bringing consciousness with it. This idea also underpins the projection model for Out-of-Body Experience (OBE) cases, which has an interesting history (Alvarado, 2009, 2011, 2019). Here I briefly review that concept through the analysis of a work written by the Italian student of psychic phenomena Ernesto Bozzano, published for the first time in 1934 (Bozzano, 2020) and recently re-edited in the original language by Golem Libri, a young publishing house specializing in “psychic” topics.

In discussing this book my approach is mainly historical. I hope both to help modern readers to get more acquainted with Bozzano’s work, and to highlight those passages that deepen our understanding of specific aspects of the topic, especially with reference to the ideas on OBEs published before the 1930s. I am convinced that while the issues discussed by Bozzano have a limited value today, they can stimulate further discussions.
Do the ‘Valentine’s Day Blues’ Exist? A Legacy Report on a Purported Psychological Phenomenon
Authors: Lange Rense , Jerabek Ilona , Dagnall Neil
Published: May 2022

The ‘Valentine’s Day Blues’ is an enduring concept rooted in pop psychology that has unfortunately received little empirical attention. On this point, it is commonly assumed that the increasing commodification of romance plus the social trappings of Valentine’s Day can elicit stresses similar to those evoked by traditional holidays. Thus, women’s greater experience of ‘mattering’ and greater tendencies towards depression and rumination should place women at a greater risk of ‘Valentine’s Day Blues’ than men. Accordingly, when no Valentine’s Day gift is received such distress likely lasts longer in women than in men in addition to being stronger in general. These hypotheses were tested based on the data of 2,070 participants in a 2004 consumer sentiment survey who completed a 34-item online questionnaire within four weeks following Valentine’s Day. This questionnaire addressed anxiety, depression, rumination, and social anxiety as derived from existing instruments. Rasch scaling analyses found that men and women’s generalized depression (i.e., a combination of the four aforementioned item types) was greater for those not receiving a gift relative to that expressed by those who did receive a Valentine’s Day gift. However, while men rebounded after two weeks, women’s greater depression continued after three weeks. Of greatest clinical concern are 30-40 year olds, and those least affected were respondents over 40 years of age.

Keywords:  Emotion regulation, holiday depression, pop psychology, Rasch scaling, stress reactions
PENINGKATAN INOVASI MELALUI KREATIFITAS INDIVIDU PANTI ASUHAN PUTRI HARAPAN IBU BANJARMASIN
Authors: Widyanti Rahmi , Zainul Mohammad , Zamilah Ervica
Published: May 2022

One of the uses of natural resource wealth in the form of processed food, one of which is snacks or cakes. Pastries are traditional snacks made from flour and eggs and are quite popular in the community, especially on festive days. Cookies are made from flour and eggs, which are mixed with rice flour and other ingredients, and then baked. The snack industry business has become a regional snack food so that other cities are even favored by both young and old. This training activity aims to help the orphanage children or their caretakers in growing creative thoughts / ideas to produce other products so that they are able to find their own income without expecting continuous government assistance. It is hoped that this training can increase the innovation of the orphanage children. The problem faced by the orphanage is that after leaving the orphanage they do not have skills. Therefore, the environment demands creativity and innovation to open an independent business. Through this training, it can open the thinking horizons of the orphanage children and the caretakers of the orphanage to business opportunities.
Analysis of Existing Technologies for Depletion of Dump Slags of Autogenous Melting
Authors:   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC, Kenzhaliyev B.K. ,   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kvyatkovskiy S.A. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Dyussebekova M.A. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Semenova A.S. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nurhadiyanto D. ,   Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Pyro-metallurgy of copper production is characterized by the output of copper slag, which is regarded as a kind of solid waste. Moreover, this slag is identified as hazardous because it contains impurities, like Pb, As, and Cu. Obtaining dump slags in autogenous processes does not always meet the requirements of effective technologies, most often slags contain more than 1.0% of copper and need to be depleted. This work is presented a brief analysis of existing technologies used for copper slag depletion. The analysis of the existing technologies for the depletion of autogenous smelting dump slags showed that the most promising option seems to be the depletion of copper slags in one PV unit since by improving the process itself, by changing the unit design, it is possible to achieve technologically complete production of matte and dump slag with low copper content. There were proposed two technologies of improvement: electro-heating of slag siphon using the graphite electrodes and depletion process in two-zone PV furnace.
Renouveler le cadre théorique pour comprendre l’expression de la douleur chez l’enfant
Authors: Zabalia M.
Published: May 2022

Il est difficile de prendre en compte simultanément la complexité du phénomène de la douleur et la complexité du développement psychologique des enfants. La douleur est un phénomène multidimensionnel, et les traits ou troubles psychologiques individuels, la qualité de la vie relationnelle, les antécédents médicaux et les antécédents socioculturels modulent son expression. Faire face à la douleur n’est pas une tâche de résolution de problème chez les enfants ; non seulement l’âge et le développement cognitif, mais également les facteurs génétiques, le sexe, la culture, les expériences et le modèle fourni par les adultes pour faire face à la douleur influencent les expériences douloureuses de l’enfant et leur expression. Chaque facteur a un rythme de maturation différent, et chaque enfant a une trajectoire de développement singulière, ce qui rend très difficile l’évaluation précise de la douleur, car il est impossible de s’appuyer sur un modèle de développement général de référence. Un modèle transactionnel représente probablement le mieux la dynamique des facteurs qui influencent le développement de l’expression de la douleur chez les enfants. Bien que le niveau de développement cognitif de l’enfant reste souvent l’élément principal mentionné dans la littérature des sciences médicales, de nombreux facteurs interviennent, tels que l’histoire de l’enfant, la relation avec la famille et l’environnement social ainsi que l’expertise professionnelle du professionnel de santé.
Du mot commun et transnosographique à la pathologie grave : que repérer derrière la plainte fatigue ?
Authors: Barfety-Servignat V.
Published: May 2022

Définir la fatigue est difficile alors qu’elle est l’un des symptômes les plus fréquents de consultation chez l’adulte. En clinique de la douleur, elle est même devenue un des motifs premiers de consultation. De la fatigue « normale » à la fatigue « pathologique », du symptôme de nombreuses entités médicales et/ou psychopathologiques au syndrome de fatigue chronique, comment peut-on penser la fatigue en clinique de la douleur ? Parler de la fatigue, c’est également parler de la plainte « fatigue », notamment puisque, avec les années, la fatigue s’est installée comme marqueur commun au somatique, au psychique et au social. Ainsi, la fatigue nous parle de résistance et de désir face à un environnement difficilement compréhensible où tout s’accélère, dans un moment où nous peinons à trouver des représentations pour penser et vivre le monde d’aujourd’hui. Tout comme en clinique de la douleur, il convient sans doute de cesser de vouloir départager la vraie fatigue de la fausse fatigue, ce qui revient au corps propre de ce qui revient au corps imaginaire, pour appréhender les réalités du sujet et permettre une prise en charge clinique efficiente.
“We Must All Be Ready for Major Changes”
Authors: Ruud Lise Camilla , Thorstensen Erik
Published: May 2022

This article analyzes a current exhibition, Climate for Change, which opened at the Norwegian Petroleum Museum in 2019. By engaging with the way in which the exhibition constructs a “we,” the article proceeds to examine how agency for mitigation is presented and analyzed. It assesses how futures are created and what types of futures emerge. These themes are addressed with reference to insights from museum research and energy humanities. The choices in the exhibition point toward a traditional understanding of continuities, of agency, and of future visions while tending toward a reduction of Norwegian accountability for climate change.
The Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum and “The Romance of Technological Progress”
Authors: Neufeld Michael J.
Published: May 2022

The Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum (NASM) remains one of the world’s most visited museums precisely because it embodies the “romance of technological progress.” From its origins in the US National Museum of the early twentieth century to the opening of its first dedicated building in 1976 and beyond, visitors have flocked to the NASM to see exhibits on the wonders of aerospace technology. An attempt to depart from that narrative in the 1990s by telling the story of the atomic bombings of Japan was crushed by an organized campaign. In the aftermath, the museum reverted to its old pattern, albeit broadened to include greater diversity in the historical actors it featured. Today, as NASM rebuilds its original building, it is again striving, albeit more cautiously, to stretch the limits of its traditional mission.