bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fe-N catalyst derived from and supported on Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin exine capsules for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Malik Waqas , Tafoya Jorge Pavel Victoria , Doszczeczko Szymon , Sobrido Ana Belen Jorge , Boa Andrew N. , Volpe Roberto
Published: October 2024

A carbon-supported electrocatalyst, featuring carbon nanotubes anchored on 3D porous graphitic carbon, was developed with the aim to perform in the operating conditions of alkaline fuel cells and metal air batteries. The catalyst was developed via two steps: first powders of Sporopollenin exine capsules used as a bio-based carbon support were activated via CO2 gasification to obtain a high specific area and porosity, second the derived porous carbons were impregnated by an iron salt and a nitrogen source, to be carbonised in Nitrogen at high temperature. The prepared catalyst demonstrated an efficient oxygen reduction reaction activity showing a half-wave potential of ~ 0.775 V vs. Reversible hydrogen electrode, comparable with that of commercial 20 wt% Pt/C in alkaline conditions, a good stability after accelerated degradation testing, retaining ~ 86% of the initial limiting current density, and a higher diffusion limited current density (6.3 vs. 5.1 mA cm− 2) than the commercial counterpart. Overall, we show the suitability of Sporopollenin exine capsule as support for electrocatalysis and a promising methodology to develop sustainable catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Physical pressure resistance of gastrointestinal anastomotic site via plate of polyglycolic acid promoting fibrosis
Authors: Tanda Hideki , Shibutani Masatsune , Natsuki Seiji , Kasashima Hiroaki , Fukuoka Tatsunari , Maeda Kiyoshi
Published: October 2024

Anastomotic-leakage incidence has been reported to be reduced on using polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets as reinforcing materials; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding the reinforcement mechanism. Therefore, we investigated effects of PGA sheets on gastrointestinal anastomoses in rats. In the first approach, five rats underwent laparotomy; the PGA sheet was pasted onto the normal cecal wall. After five days, the cecum was removed and histologically evaluated. In the second approach, ten rats were randomly divided into two groups of five animals each. The rats underwent laparotomy; the cecal wall was sutured after a full-thickness incision. In the PGA group, a PGA sheet was used to cover the suture area. After 5 days, the cecum was removed, and the physical pressure resistance was evaluated. We confirmed the growth of a fibrous capsule measuring 855 (648–1048) µm outside the cecal serosa in the first approach. The median pressure resistance in the second approach was 57.0 (45.0–90.0) and 90.0 (82.5–94.5) mmHg in Control and PGA groups, respectively. The pressure resistance was significantly higher in the PGA group (p = 0.046). In summary, the PGA sheet may form a barrier of fibrosis on the intestinal wall and provide reinforcement to prevent anastomotic leakage.
Evolution shapes and conserves genomic signatures in viruses
Authors: Holmudden Martin , Gustafsson Joel , Bertrand Yann J. K. , Schliep Alexander , Norberg Peter
Published: October 2024

The genomic signature of an organism captures the characteristics of repeated oligonucleotide patterns in its genome 1, such as oligomer frequencies, GC content, and differences in codon usage. Viruses, however, are obligate intracellular parasites that are dependent on their host cells for replication, and information about genomic signatures in viruses has hitherto been sparse.

Here, we investigate the presence and specificity of genomic signatures in 2,768 eukaryotic viral species from 105 viral families, aiming to illuminate dependencies and selective pressures in viral genome evolution. We demonstrate that most viruses have highly specific genomic signatures that often also differ significantly between species within the same family. The species-specificity is most prominent among dsDNA viruses and viruses with large genomes. We also reveal consistent dissimilarities between viral genomic signatures and those of their host cells, although some viruses present slight similarities, which may be explained by genetic adaptation to their native hosts. Our results suggest that significant evolutionary selection pressures act upon viral genomes to shape and preserve their genomic signatures, which may have implications for the field of synthetic biology in the construction of live attenuated vaccines and viral vectors.
Global loss of promoter–enhancer connectivity and rebalancing of gene expression during early colorectal cancer carcinogenesis
Authors: Zhu Yizhou , Lee Hayan , White Shannon , Weimer Annika K. , Monte Emma , Horning Aaron , Nevins Stephanie A. , Esplin Edward D. , Paul Kristina , Krieger Gat , Shipony Zohar , Chiu Roxanne , Laquindanum Rozelle , Karathanos Thomas V. , Chua Melissa W. Y. , Mills Meredith , Ladabaum Uri , Longacre Teri , Shen Jeanne , Jaimovich Ariel , Lipson Doron , Kundaje Anshul , Greenleaf William J. , Curtis Christina , Ford James M. , Snyder Michael P.
Published: October 2024

Although three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture is crucial for gene regulation, its role in disease remains elusive. We traced the evolution and malignant transformation of colorectal cancer (CRC) by generating high-resolution chromatin conformation maps of 33 colon samples spanning different stages of early neoplastic growth in persons with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Our analysis revealed a substantial progressive loss of genome-wide cis-regulatory connectivity at early malignancy stages, correlating with nonlinear gene regulation effects. Genes with high promoter–enhancer (P–E) connectivity in unaffected mucosa were not linked to elevated baseline expression but tended to be upregulated in advanced stages. Inhibiting highly connected promoters preferentially represses gene expression in CRC cells compared to normal colonic epithelial cells. Our results suggest a two-phase model whereby neoplastic transformation reduces P–E connectivity from a redundant state to a rate-limiting one for transcriptional levels, highlighting the intricate interplay between 3D genome architecture and gene regulation during early CRC progression.
Multifaceted role of nanocomposite hydrogels in diabetic wound healing: enhanced biomedical applications and detailed molecular mechanisms
Authors: Xiong Gege , Chen Qiwei , Wang Qiuyu , Wang Xiaoxue , Xiao Yaomu , Jin Liuli , Yan Kaichong , Zhang Xueyang , Hu Fei
Published: October 2024

Nanocomposite hydrogels offer a promising approach to treating diabetic wounds. Key findings include enhanced mechanical properties, antibacterial effects, and the ability to regulate the wound microenvironment.
MicBall800-coated metal clip as a novel fluorescent marker for image-guided laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Kim Hyoung-Jun , Yoon Hong Man , Lee Youngjeon , Lim Kyung Seob , Seong Jung Bae , Park Sung-Jae , Choi Yongdoo
Published: October 2024

A MicBall800-coated clip was developed as a novel fluorescent surgical marker for fluorescence image-guided laparoscopic cancer surgery.
A selective HIV-1 RNA G-quadruplex-targeting l-aptamer–d-antisense conjugate inhibits HIV-1 minus strand transfer
Authors: Feng Hengxin , Kwok Chun Kit
Published: October 2024

Herein, we develop a new l-RNA aptamer, l-Apt.T8, to target HIV-1 U3-III RNA G-quadruplex. The click-generated l-aptamer–d-antisense conjugate (l-Apt.T8-10D) can improve target binding performance and inhibit in vitro HIV-1 minus strand transfer.
Photoredox-catalyzed arylative and aryl sulfonylative radical cascades involving diaryliodonium reagents: synthesis of functionalized pyrazolones
Authors: Thombare Karan Ramdas , Parida Sushanta Kumar , Meher Prahallad , Murarka Sandip
Published: October 2024

Ru(ii)-photoredox-catalyzed arylative and arylsulfonylative radical cascades involving N′-arylidene-N-methacryloylhydrazides and diaryliodonium reagents to furnish functionalized pyrazolones are accomplished.
Investigating serum concentration profiles of orally ingested short-chain fatty acid supplements
Authors: Green Christopher G. , Ong Marilyn L. Y. , Rowland Samantha N. , Bongiovanni Tindaro , James Lewis J. , Clifford Tom , Bailey Stephen J. , Heaney Liam M.
Published: October 2024

HPMC capsules containing acetate, propionate, and butyrate salts exhibit peak serum concentrations of each short-chain fatty acid within 60 min and a return to baseline within 120 min. Seven days of repeated intake does not alter basal serum levels.
Porous carbons: a class of nanomaterials for efficient adsorption-based hydrogen storage
Authors: Mahmoud Lila A. M. , Rowlandson Jemma L. , Fermin David J. , Ting Valeska P. , Nayak Sanjit
Published: October 2024

This review provides an overview of porous carbon materials and their hydrogen storage properties with insight on strategic improvement by structural and chemical modifications and current trends of using machine learning and lifecycle assessment.
Using a stable radical as an “electron donor” to develop a radical photosensitizer for efficient type-I photodynamic therapy
Authors: Cui Xiao , Fang Fang , Chen Huan , Cao Chen , Xiao Yafang , Tian Shuang , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Shengliang , Lee Chun-Sing
Published: October 2024

We prepare a radical photosensitizer by introducing “TEMPO” moiety as “electron donor” into NDI to achieve type-I PDT. By introducing the TEMPO moiety, this work provides a convenient approach for preparing stable radical for a type-I PS.
Tunable electronic and optical properties of Janus Al2M2ClBr (M = O, S) monolayers for UV photodetector applications
Authors: Liu Yujin , Ma Xinguo , Xie Tian , Ren Yijing , Zhu Jinyi , Ma Nan , Lu Jingjing , Hong Jeongmin
Published: October 2024

Janus Al2M2ClBr (M = O, S) monolayers were constructed to explore their potential for UV photodetector applications.
Reversible on–off switching of a single-chain magnet via single-crystal-to-single-crystal transition and light-induced metal-to-metal electron transfer
Authors: Shang Meng-Jia , Lu Han-Han , Liu Qiang , Zhou Ren-He , Sun Hui-Ying , Shao Zhen , Zhao Liang , Meng Yin-Shan , Liu Tao
Published: October 2024

A cyanide-bridged {Fe2Co}-based coordination polymer showed the on/off switching of single-chain-magnet (SCM) behavior, triggered by light irradiations and single-crystal-to-single-crystal transition.
Vanadium oxide as an electron buffer to stabilize palladium for electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination
Authors: Shi Meiqin , Ren Yifei , Xu Shuyuan , Xu Xiaofeng , Sun Fanfei , She Yuanbin
Published: October 2024

Pd/VOx/C presents 97% reduction of 4-chlorophenol in electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination after 18 h electrolysis due to the buffer function of vanadium oxide.
Synergetic modulation on multiple transition metals enables NiCoxZnyP(1+x+y)/2 microspheres for efficient lithium-ion storage
Authors: Zuo Wanying , Zhang Runhan , Zou Yuxi , Fu Xiaoguang , Zhao Zhibo , Chen Bingqi , Zhu Zibo , Wang Hao , Ye Meidan
Published: October 2024

Based on the synergistic effect of transition metals, 3D NiCoxZnyP(1+x+y)/2 microspheres exhibit excellent specific capacity (624 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), enhanced rate performance, and cycling stability in the applications of lithium ion batteries.
Achieving high ionic conductivity of LATP solid electrolyte via a LiTFSI-assisted cold sintering process
Authors: Yi Shanshan , Zhou Shuyu , Liu Yudong , Dai PengPeng , Liu Yuxin , Zhao Shixi , Cao Guozhong
Published: October 2024

A LATP solid electrolyte with an island structure and amorphous layer was synthesized via a LiTFSI-assisted cold sintering process, which is conducive to the rapid Li+ migration and excellent cycling stability in Li/LiFePO4 full batteries.
Has the perovskite LED stability problem been solved?
Authors: Ali Muhammad Umair , Rehman Atta Ur , Djurišić Aleksandra B.
Published: October 2024

T
50 lifetimes of green PeLEDs reported in the literature vary widely even for very efficient devices. Standardization of stability testing and prolonged testing time instead of T50 estimates from accelerated testing is needed for consistent progress.
Characterization of n-doped branches in nanotree LEDs
Authors: Adham Kristi , Zhao Yue , Kivisaari Pyry , Borgström Magnus T.
Published: October 2024

Nanotree LEDs with n-doped branch nanowires grown on the sidewall of pin-doped core wires with higher bandgap. Broadband light is emitted with the core wires under bias, and charge carriers diffuse to the branches and recombine there.
M-MAT Meta: Treatment of Self-Awareness and Language for Individuals With Severe Wernicke's Aphasia
Authors: Wadams Amanda , Mozeiko Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of language plus goal management training program for individuals with aphasia. The intervention targeted expressive language, while concurrently integrating tasks designed to improve executive function and error awareness.

Method:

A single-subject repeated-measures design was utilized to determine whether a combined treatment (Multi-Modal Aphasia Therapy PLUS Goal Management Training [M-MAT Meta]) would be efficacious for individuals with aphasia. This article reports on two participants with severe Wernicke's aphasia, who comprised one of the four dyads of the study. Treatment was administered in a small group setting (
N
= 2) for 2 hr per day, 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Individual video feedback sessions were conducted once a week. Analysis of outcomes included visual inspection and calculation of Tau-U effect sizes of probed treatment data as well as statistical analysis of standardized language and executive function assessments.

Results:

Visual inspection indicated improvements in naming and discourse skills, which were maintained at the 1-month follow-up. Both participants' standardized scores indicated a significant decrease in aphasia severity, which was maintained 1 month posttreatment. Error awareness improved for one of the two participants, but this improvement was not maintained. Participants demonstrated increased inhibition of unwanted responses and took longer on the planning and problem-solving time required to complete the assessment, indicating a decrease in impulsivity.

Conclusion:

The results of this preliminary study suggest that M-MAT Meta may be an effective way to increase self-awareness and communication in individuals with severe Wernicke's aphasia.
Multidimensional Individualized Stuttering Therapy Outcomes At 24 Months Post Clinic: An Embodiment and Awareness Perspective
Authors: Sønsterud Hilda , Costain Kirsten , Ward David
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Multidimensional Individualized Stuttering Therapy (MIST) is based on proactive collaborative work and shared decision making between client and clinician with the goal of identifying individual case-appropriate procedures and therapy elements in a manner that is meaningful and context-sensitive for each person. MIST combines value- and awareness-based elements from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with stuttering and speech modification interventions. In keeping with the principles of ACT, we locate mindfulness as part of an embodied practice facilitated through a collaboration between the person who stutters and the speech-language therapist.

Method:

The aim of this study was to see whether the positive results of MIST recorded at 12 months post-therapy remained stable at 24 months post-therapy and to consider the role of embodiment and awareness within MIST. Fifteen of 18 adults already enrolled in a treatment study (2015/FO12451) took part in a single-group repeated-measures design. They completed measures of stuttering severity, impact of stuttering, unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering, general anxiety symptoms, and fear of negative evaluation.

Results:

There was a significant reduction of stuttering severity and negative impact of stuttering from pre-therapy to 24 months post-therapy. Unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering, symptoms of general anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation were reduced at 12 months post-therapy, and these values remained stable at 24 months post-therapy.

Conclusions:

MIST was associated with positive outcomes at 24 months post-therapy, suggesting a possible connection between the person-centered approach and longer-term benefit. Findings are discussed within the context of mindfulness and embodied adjustment, and shared client–clinician decision making. The absence of a control group is a limiting factor regarding certainty of interpretation. Future research is therefore needed on collaborative and individualized approaches to stuttering therapy that include embodiment and awareness perspectives.
Anterior–Posterior View Acquisition During Videofluoroscopy: A Survey Study Exploring Influential Factors on Speech-Language Pathologists' Practice Patterns
Authors: Jones-Rastelli R. Brynn , Tang Xi , Harel Daphna , Molfenter Sonja M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This study explored factors influencing speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') decision making surrounding anterior–posterior (AP) view inclusion practices during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs) in the United States.

Method:

SLPs completing VFSSs were recruited to complete an online anonymous survey. Questions represented six constructs of interest including: (a) clinician demographics, (b) practice patterns, (c) diagnostic perceptions, (d) professional influences, (e) training and education, and (f) logistical facilitators and barriers. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between construct items and likelihood of AP view inclusion.

Results:

A total of 136/213 (64%) of respondents reported obtaining an AP view routinely. Facilitators of AP view inclusion were post-acute work setting (
OR
= 3.40,
p
= .001); perception that department practices “probably” (
OR
= 5.65,
p
= .006) or “definitely” align (
OR
= 5.30,
p
= .006) with evidence-based practice; perception the AP view has “a lot” (
OR
= 4.17,
p
= .025) or “a great deal” (
OR
= 4.77,
p
= .028) of diagnostic value; perception that their department is “definitely” supportive (
OR
= 4.69,
p
= .040); “moderate” (
OR
= 4.75,
p
= .001) or “no” (
OR
= 7.51,
p
< .001) equipment limitations; and radiologist support greater than “extremely unsupportive or resistant” (“somewhat unsupportive” [
OR
= 5.74,
p
= .041], “neutral” [
OR
= 11.23,
p
= .002], “somewhat supportive” [
OR
= 13.92,
p
= .001], or “extremely supportive” [
OR
= 13.92,
p
= .001]). Barriers to AP view inclusion were geographic location in the southern U.S. census region (
OR
= 0.31,
p
= .007), being “significantly” influenced by coworker opinions (
OR
= 0.13,
p
= .018), and productivity tracking (
OR
= 0.21,
p
= .008).

Conclusion:

Environmental factors and organizational culture heavily influence AP view inclusion practices.
Non-uniform temporal weighting of intensity in audition and vision: The signature of an evidence integration process?
Authors: Oberfeld Daniel , Fischenich Alexander , Ponsot Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Non-uniform temporal weights (TWs) are often reported regarding the perceptual evaluation of dynamic auditory and visual information, such as perceptual judgments of the overall intensity of time-varying stimuli. In particular, primacy effects, i.e., a stronger influence of early compared to later stimulus information on the perceptual decision, have been observed across a large number of studies. Yet, it is not clear whether these non-uniform patterns of TWs result from sensory or attentional processes that coincidentally produce similar time-courses, or whether they reflect the common signature of supra-modal and subject-specific decision-making processes. The present study addresses the hypothesis that TWs in loudness (perceived auditory intensity) and brightness (perceived visual intensity) judgments result from a common supramodal evidence-integration process. In Experiment 1, we compared TWs for loudness and brightness judgments in the same participants, with task difficulty matched individually. The observed average temporal weighting profiles differed substantially between the two modalities. In Experiment 2, we assessed the additional contribution of modality-specific sensory and attentional processes to the observed differences between TWs by measuring intensity resolution at different temporal positions in the auditory and visual stimuli. We observed a significantly different dependence of sensitivity on temporal position in the two modalities, but these sensitivity differences only partially accounted for the temporal weighting differences observed in Experiment 1. The collective findings indicate that the TWs observed for loudness and brightness judgments cannot be attributed to a supramodal evidence-integration process alone. Instead, our results suggest that both sensory and decision-making processes shape patterns of TWs.
Artificial floating littoral zones: a promising nursery to support Pike (Esox lucius) in reservoirs
Authors: Salmon Quentin , Westrelin Samuel , Dublon Julien , Abadie Etienne , Baudoin Jean-Marc
Published: October 2024

The use of water resources in reservoirs leads to artificial water level fluctuations sometimes with extreme amplitudes and frequencies. These artificial fluctuations homogenize littoral habitats and often make macrophytes disappear. Consequently, spawning and refuge-nursery habitats become scarce which is critical for phytophilous species such as Northern Pike (Esox lucius) whose populations decline. Quite recently, floating artificial structures have emerged as a mitigation solution. However, the design of these structures is relatively simplistic and only consists in a simple 2D-floating mat of vegetation. Their effectiveness to support fish populations, especially pike in regulated reservoir, by providing suitable habitats for spawning, refuge and nursery remains poorly documented. Here we conceived 3D artificial Floating Littoral Zones (FLOLIZ) that mimic a natural littoral zone to support both pike spawning and juvenile growth (helophytes, hydrophytes, specific shelter areas). To assess their effectiveness, three structures of 70 m2 area and 1 m deep were installed in September 2018 in a French reservoir subject to extreme water level fluctuations. Visual surveys carried out in spring and summer by snorkelling over 2019–2023 highlighted an annual recurrence of juvenile pike in FLOLIZ, but also a higher abundance than in control stations. The maximum number of individuals observed simultaneously on the same structure was 14. Even if it cannot be asserted that pike spawned in FLOLIZ, these results highlight that FLOLIZ can provide refuge and nursery habitats for juvenile fish in reservoirs with poor littoral habitats.
Chaleur nucléaire : « se poser la question des températures que l’on cherche à atteindre »
Authors: Dupin Ludovic
Published: October 2024

Si le parc nucléaire actuel n’a pas été pensé pour produire de la chaleur industrielle et urbaine, le futur parc nucléaire a son rôle à jouer pour décarboner les usages les plus consommateurs de vapeur haute température. Bernard Salha, directeur Recherche et développement d’EDF, explique que de tels projets demandent une anticipation maximale sur le sujet.
Chauffage nucléaire en Chine : un modèle à suivre pour la France ?
Authors: Hanine Ilyas
Published: October 2024

La Chine, acteur majeur dans le nucléaire civil, s’illustre aujourd’hui par des innovations ambitieuses, notamment dans l’intégration du nucléaire pour des usages non conventionnels, tels que le chauffage urbain.
Intraoperative patellar tracking assessment during image-based robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty: technical note and reliability study
Authors: Batailler Cécile , Greiner Salomé , Rekik Hanna-Lisa , Olivier Flora , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Restoration of the anterior knee compartment is increasingly studied with the development of personalized surgery. However, evaluating the patellar tracking during the surgery is still subjective and at the surgeon’s discretion. This study aimed 1) to describe the assessment of the patellar tracking during robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA), 2) to describe a new measurement technique for evaluating the evolution of this patellar tracking, and 3) to assess its reliability and repeatability. Method: This monocentric study assessed the evolution of patellar tracking for 20 robotic-assisted TKA. The sharp probe was used to perform patellar tracking in all the arcs of knee flexion before and after the bone cuts. The patella positioning was recorded every 10° of flexion between the full extension and 90° knee flexion and was assessed in the coronal and sagittal planes. For the measurements of the patellar tracking, we used a sagittal view and a coronal view of the knee on the MAKO software. From these two views, the difference between the patellar tracking before and after the bone cuts with the definitive implants was measured. Two independent reviewers performed the measurements to assess their reliability. To determine intraobserver variability, the first observer performed the measurements twice. Results: The mean age was 68.7 years old ± 5.2 [61; 75], the mean body mass index was 28.8 kg/m2 ± 4.2 [21.4; 36.2], the mean HKA angle was 176.3° ± 3.7° [174.1.4; 179.7]. The radiographic measurements showed very good to excellent intra-observer and inter-observer agreements (0.60 to 1.0). Conclusion: This new measurement technique assessed the evolution of patellar tracking after TKA with good inter and intra-observer reliability.
Recovery Patterns of Low-frequency Fatigue in Elite Youth Soccer
Players after Official Matches
Authors: Tito Sandro , Maia Filipe , Correia Marco , Ribeiro João
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to analyze the associations between recovery of low-frequency
fatigue, jump height, and perceptual responses following official soccer
matches. Forty-two male youth elite soccer players (age: 17.13±0.70 years;
height: 179.17±5.94 cm; weight: 69.74±4.91 kg) participated in this study.
Low-frequency fatigue, countermovement jump, perceived fatigue, muscle soreness,
and perceived recovery were assessed at − 2 h, +30 min, +24 h and +48 h relative
to the match. Linear mixed models analysis showed that low-frequency fatigue was
reduced at the match-end (ES=− 0.679 [95% CI =− 1.01; − 0.34]; p<0.001) but
returned to baseline after 24 h (ES=0.149 [95% CI = − 0.26; 0.56]; p=1.00).
Perceptual responses were impaired for up to 48 hours following the match
(ES=− 0.868–1.174; p<0.001). Countermovement jump did not differ between any
time point (ES=− 0.204–0.216; p>0.05). Additionally, the within-subject
correlation analysis showed that low-frequency fatigue pre- to post-match
changes presented moderate to large associations with perceived fatigue
(rm[57]=− 0.43; p<0.001), muscle soreness (rm[57]=− 0.52; p<0.001), and
perceived recovery (rm[57]=0.38; p=0.003). The assessment of low-frequency
fatigue could serve as an additional objective measurement for monitoring
post-match fatigue, as findings suggest that young elite soccer players
experience transient reductions following match-play, which are strongly
correlated with subjective markers of recovery.
From fiscal-military state to laissez-faire science: liberal government and the nineteenth-century market of scientific activity
Authors: Gillin Edward
Published: October 2024

In nineteenth-century Britain, the role of the state in the cultivation of scientific activity was controversial. After the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, successive governments rolled back the apparatus of the ‘fiscal-military state’, characterized by high taxation and government spending. What followed was a moment of self-avowedlylaissez-faire, liberal governance in which contemporaries placed great emphasis on the value of minimal government intervention in market activity. This not only concerned the nation’s social and economic life, but its scientific culture. Leading political and scientific figures frequently promoted science as something best advanced if left to individuals. Yet by the 1900s, the British state was increasingly engaged in financing and organizing large-scale scientific research. The twentieth century would see governments around the world expand their scientific and technological investment, epitomized by the American concept of ‘Big Science’. This article analyses the relationship between the British government and scientific activity during the nineteenth century and argues that, far from a simple matter of minimal intervention, the state was always highly active in the market of science.
200 cm2/Vs electron mobility and controlled low 1015 cm−3 Si doping in (010)
β
-Ga2O3 epitaxial drift layers
Authors: Peterson Carl , Bhattacharyya Arkka , Chanchaiworawit Kittamet , Kahler Rachel , Roy Saurav , Liu Yizheng , Rebollo Steve , Kallistova Anna , Mates Thomas E. , Krishnamoorthy Sriram
Published: October 2024

We report on metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of controllably Si-doped 4.5 μm thick β-Ga2O3 films with electron concentrations in the 1015 cm−3 range and record-high room temperature Hall electron mobilities of up to 200 cm2/Vs, reaching the predicted theoretical maximum room temperature phonon scattering-limited mobility value for β-Ga2O3. Growth of the homoepitaxial films was performed on Fe-doped (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates at a growth rate of 1.9 μm/h using TEGa as the Gallium precursor. To probe the background electron concentration, an unintentionally doped film was grown with a Hall concentration of 3.43 × 1015 cm−3 and Hall mobility of 196 cm2/Vs. Growth of intentionally Si-doped films was accomplished by fixing all growth conditions and varying only the silane flow, with controllable Hall electron concentrations ranging from 4.38 × 1015 to 8.30 × 1015 cm−3 and exceptional Hall mobilities ranging from 194 to 200 cm2/Vs demonstrated. C-V measurements showed a flat charge profile with the ND+–NA− values correlating well with the Hall-measured electron concentration in the films. SIMS measurements showed the silicon atomic concentration matched the Hall electron concentration with carbon and hydrogen below detection limit in the films. The Hall, C-V, and SIMS data indicate the growth of high-quality 4.5 μm thick β-Ga2O3 films and controllable doping into the mid 1015 cm−3 range. These results demonstrate MOCVD growth of electronics grade record-high mobility, low carrier density, and thick β-Ga2O3 drift layers for next-generation vertical β-Ga2O3 power devices.
Hyponatremia unleashes neutrophil extracellular traps elevating life-threatening pulmonary embolism risk
Authors: Inoue Minoru , Takayama Kazuo , Hashimoto Rina , Enomoto Masahiro , Date Naoki , Ohsumi Akihiro , Mizowaki Takashi
Published: October 2024

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), essential for controlling infections, can induce various pathologies when dysregulated. Known triggers for infection-independent NETs release exist, yet a comprehensive understanding of the conditions prompting such responses is lacking. In this study, we identify hyponatremia as an independent inducer of NETs release, a common clinical condition that disrupts sodium/calcium exchange within neutrophils. This disruption leads to an excess of intracellular calcium, subsequent elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the citrullination of histone H3, culminating in the activation of NETs-release pathways. Notably, under hyponatremic conditions, this mechanism is exacerbated during infectious states, leading to the deposition of NETs in the lungs and increasing the risk of life-threatening pulmonary embolism. Our findings underscore the critical role of sodium and calcium homeostasis in neutrophil functionality and provide insights into the pathogenesis of hyponatremia-associated diseases, highlighting potential therapeutic interventions targeting NETs dynamics.
One-dimension periodic potentials in Schrödinger equation solved by the finite difference method
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Hu Jinniu , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2024

The one-dimensional Kronig–Penney (KP) potential in the Schrödinger equation, a standard periodic potential in quantum mechanics textbooks known for generating band structures, is solved by using the finite difference method (FDM) with periodic boundary conditions. This method significantly improves the eigenvalue's accuracy compared to existing approaches such as the filter method. The effects of the width and height of the KP potential on the eigenvalues and wave functions are then analyzed. As the potential height increases, the variation of eigenvalues with the wave vector slows down. Additionally, for higher-order band structures, the magnitude of the eigenvalue significantly decreases with increasing potential width. Finally, the Dirac comb potential, a periodic δ potential, is examined using the present framework. This potential corresponds to the KP potential's width and height approaching zero and infinity, respectively. The numerical results obtained by the FDM for the Dirac comb potential are also perfectly consistent with the analytical solution.
Data-driven AI for the automated classification of the isothermal heat-treated thermal barrier coatings using pulsed infrared thermography
Authors: Kunji Purayil Sruthi Krishna , Balasubramaniam Krishnan
Published: October 2024

Development of reliable age prediction models are crucial in monitoring the formation of oxide layer and degradation of TBC at regular intervals. This study proposes an automated classification of isothermal heat-treated TBC samples using temperature data, which helps in predicting the TBC life and monitoring the TBC degradation. TBC-coated samples are isothermal heat-treated at 1000 °C, and the initial growth of thermally grown oxide is monitored using a non-destructive thermal imaging technique. The proposed study integrates data-driven AI (DAI) models and feature extraction techniques to interpret complex thermal patterns measured from the TBC coating surface. The performance of the proposed classification framework is tested using deep learning and classical machine learning models with different types and window sizes of input data. Input data used for validation are raw experiment data, logarithmic of experiment data, polynomial fit data, and thermal signal reconstruction fit coefficients. The maximum classification performance is obtained with gated recurrent unit with accuracy and F1-score of 89.2% and 89.0%, respectively with raw temperature data as input of window 300. The study demonstrates that the proposed DAI approach effectively predicts the age of thermal barrier coatings under isothermal heat-treatment conditions by correlating the thermal response with coating degradation.
Exploring magnetic disorder in inverted core-shell nanoparticles: the role of surface anisotropy and core/shell coupling
Authors: Ccahuana Dámaso , De Biasi Emilio
Published: October 2024

In this work, we have studied the effect of internal coupling in magnetic nanoparticles with inverted core-shell structure (antiferromagnet-ferrimagnet) and also magnetic surface anisotropy, performing Monte Carlo simulations based on a micromagnetic model applied in the limit of lattice size equal to the crystalline unit cell. In the treatment, different internal regions of the particle were labeled in order to analyze the magnetic order and the degree of coupling between them. The results obtained are in agreement with experimental observations in CoO/CoFe2O4 and ZnO/CoFe2O systems, which we have taken as reference. It is observed that the surface anisotropy decreases the coercive field and the blocking temperature of the system. However, the core/shell coupling improves these properties and magnetically hardens the system. Our study shows that a significant magnetic stress is generated in the system, leading to magnetic disorder in the spins of the particle interface. On the other hand, in cases of high surface anisotropy, within a range of interfacial exchange values, a clear magnetic disorder is observed in the shell, which leads to anomalous behavior because the magnetization reversal process is no longer coherent.
Self-supply of hydrogen peroxide by a bimetal-based nanocatalytic platform to enhance chemodynamic therapy for tumor treatment
Authors: Yan Tingxuan , Su Jiahao , Yan Tingyuan , Bian Jinlei , Ali Ahmed R , Yuan Wei , Wei Linping , Wang Yu , Gao Mengting , Ding Qiang , Bi Lei , Wang Shuangshou , Han Xinya
Published: October 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by low pH, hypoxia, and overexpression of glutathione (GSH). Owing to the complexity of tumor pathogenesis and the heterogeneity of the TME, achieving satisfactory efficacy with a single treatment method is difficult, which significantly impedes tumor treatment. In this study, composite nanoparticles of calcium-copper/alginate-hyaluronic acid (HA) (CaO2-CuO2@SA/HA NC) with pH and GSH responsiveness were prepared for the first time through a one-step synthesis using HA as a targeting ligand. Nanoparticles loaded with H2O2 can enhance the chemodynamic therapy effects. Simultaneously, Cu2+ can generate oxygen in the TME and alleviate hypoxia in tumor tissue. Cu2+ and H2O2 undergo the Fenton reaction to produce cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals and Ca2+ ions, which enhance the localization and clearance of nanoparticles in tumor cells. Additionally, HA and sodium alginate (SA) were utilized to improve the targeting and biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, SEM, transmission electron microscope, and other analytical methods were used to investigate their physical and chemical properties. The results indicate that the CaO2-CuO2@SA/HA NC prepared using a one-step method had a particle size of 220 nm, a narrow particle size distribution, and a uniform morphology. The hydrogen peroxide self-supplied nanodrug delivery system exhibited excellent pH-responsive release performance and glutathione-responsive •OH release ability while also reducing the level of reactive oxide species quenching. In vitro cell experiments, no obvious side effects on normal tissues were observed; however, the inhibition rate of malignant tumors HepG2 and DU145 exceeded 50%. The preparation of CaO2-CuO2@SA/HA NC nanoparticles, which can achieve both chemokinetic therapy and ion interference therapy, has demonstrated significant potential for clinical applications in cancer therapy.
A new concept of structural smart fabric activated by shape memory alloys
Authors: Mariotti Luca , Patriarca L , Rossoni Marco , Parenti Paolo , Martulli Luca Michele
Published: October 2024

This work presents the development, prototyping and validation of a new concept of structure called structural smart fabric (SSF). An SSF is a chainmail fabric composed by interconnected elements, called cells, which can be stiffened by reactive elements, such as those made by shape memory alloy (SMA). Exploiting the shape memory functionality, SSFs are capable of sensing and reacting to external stimuli. Based on this concept, in this study we propose an SSF that integrates SMA wires into a 3D-printed chainmail structure. The shape memory effect of these wires is used as an actuating mechanism that, at high temperature, tightens the adjacent cells together and provides increased structural stiffness. In this study, finite element simulations were initially conducted to enhance the comprehension of the SSF’s mechanical behaviour. The influence of the initial cell spacing on the SSF stiffness and the wire stress profiles was evaluated during bending loading, as well as the evolution of contact pressure profiles between adjacent cells. This numerical approach enabled to tune the design of the SSF prototypes which were successively manufactured using selective laser sintering additive manufacturing technology with PA12. After the integration with the SMA wires, the SSF prototypes were tested under a 3-point bending configuration at different temperatures. The results revealed a remarkable increase in structural stiffness at elevated temperatures compared to ambient conditions. This study set the basis for a deeper understanding of SSF’s unique capabilities and potential applications in fields where adaptive and responsive structures are required.
On determining London penetration depth from magnetic susceptibility measurements: Reply to Comment on ‘Superconductivity of amorphous and crystalline Re–Lu films’ (Teknowijoyo and Gulian 2024 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 37 035005)
Authors: Teknowijoyo Serafim , Gulian Armen
Published: October 2024

Recently, in Teknowijoyo and Gulian (2024 Supercond. Sci. Technol.
37 035005) we introduced a new, rhenium–lutetium superconducting series (highest

T

c

≈
7

 K). In light of some other Re-based materials, our films are also a candidate to the time-reversal symmetry breaking family of superconductors. Both polycrystalline and amorphous materials in thin-film form have been reported, together with their basic properties, which include the estimates of the coherence length and London penetration length. In our original treatment, both of these quantities were deduced to be rather small (

ξ
(
0
)
,

λ
L

(
0
)
∼
5

 nm) and the so-called Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ is about 0.9. The author of Comment brings in arguments in favor of the statement that the new material has

κ
∼
250

. We find that the discrepancy comes from the two-solution nature of the equation for

λ
L

(
0
)

. We agree with the Comment’s author that the London penetration depth in our films is more likely in the order of 1 µm, which makes Re–Lu a high-κ superconductor. Future research in both thin films and single crystals may shed more light in the accurate determination of the characteristic lengths of this material.
In-phase collective unconventional photon blockade and its stability in an asymmetrical cavity containing N bosonic atoms
Authors: Luo 罗 Ying 颖 , Zhang 张 Xinqin 新琴 , Xiao 肖 Yi 祎 , Xu 许 Jingping 静平 , Li 李 Haozhen 浩珍 , Yang 羊 Yaping 亚平 , Xia 夏 Xiuwen 秀文
Published: October 2024

We present work on a cavity-driven QED system combining an asymmetrical Fabry–Perot cavity and N two-level atoms (TLAs) and show the convenience of simplifying from distinguishable atoms to undistinguishable bosons when the atoms are prepared in the same initial state. Such simplification is valid even when the atoms are not prepared in the in-phase condition, since any partial in-phase initial state will evolve into the ground state through a relaxation process. Thus, we get a reduced group of differential equations by introducing the Dicke states, and the under-zero Lyapunov exponents verify its stability. We also work out the collective unconventional photon blockade (UCPB) and get two kinds of giant nonreciprocal UCPBs (NUCPBs) in the weak-driving approximation. Results show that we can employ N noninteracting bosonic atoms to generate a collective UCPB instead of a monoatomic UCPB as the UCPB conditions do not vary with the number of atoms. Furthermore, the forward giant NUCPB only occurring for N larger than a certain number as well as the backward giant NUCPB are controllable by the cavity asymmetry and by the number of atoms. Our findings suggest a prospective approach to the generation of quantum nonreciprocity by N identical atoms.
Implementation of spectral methods on Ising machines: toward flow simulations on quantum annealers
Authors: Takagi Kenichiro , Moriya Naoki , Aoki Shiori , Endo Katsuhiro , Muramatsu Mayu , Fukagata Koji
Published: October 2024

We investigate the possibility and current limitations of flow computations using quantum annealers by solving a fundamental flow problem on Ising machines. As a fundamental problem, we consider the one-dimensional advection–diffusion equation. We formulate it in a form suited to Ising machines (i.e. both classical and quantum annealers), perform extensive numerical tests on a classical annealer, and finally test it on an actual quantum annealer. To make it possible to process with an Ising machine, the problem is formulated as a minimization problem of the residual of the governing equation discretized using either the spectral method or the finite difference method. The resulting system equation is then converted to the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form through the quantization of variables. It is found in numerical tests using a classical annealer that the spectral method requiring a smaller number of variables has a particular merit over the finite difference method because the accuracy deteriorates with the increase of the number of variables. We also found that the computational error varies depending on the condition number of the coefficient matrix. In addition, we extended it to a two-dimensional problem and confirmed its fundamental applicability. From the numerical test using a quantum annealer, however, it turns out that the computation using a quantum annealer is still challenging due largely to the structural difference from the classical annealer, which leaves a number of issues toward its practical use.
A quantification of the electron return effect using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements for the MRI-linac
Authors: Tortorelli Francesco , Borrazzo Cristian , Masi Marica , Rago Maria , El Gawhary Randa , Properzi Claudio , Marchesano Domenico , Grimaldi Gianmarco , Bianciardi Federico , Annessi Ivan , Di Palma Annamaria , Valentino Maria , Verna Laura , Chiarello Giuseppina , Wolfango Plastino , Gentile Piercarlo
Published: October 2024

The integration of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and linear accelerators into hybrid treatment systems has made MR-guided radiation therapy a clinical reality. This work aims to evaluate the influence of the Electron Return Effect (ERE) on the dose distributions. This study was conducted using MRIdian (ViewRay, Cleveland, Ohio) system. Monte-Carlo simulations (MCs) and experimental measurements with EBT3 Gafchromic films were performed to investigate the dose distribution in a slab water phantom with and without a 2-cm air gap. Plus, MCs took into account different field sizes and a lung gap. A gamma analysis compared calculated versus measured dose distributions. The MCs have shown an increase of the ERE with the radiation field size both in Percent Depth Dose (PDD) and crossline direction. As concerns to the PDD direction, the smallest field for which there was a significant dose accumulation was 4.15 × 4.15 cm2 both for air-gap (13.5%) and lung-gap (3.3%). The largest field for which there was a significant dose accumulation was 24.07 × 24.07 cm2 both for air-gap (39.7%) and lung-gap (4.9%). Instead for the crossline direction, the smallest field for which there was a significant dose accumulation was 2.49 × 2.49 cm2 both for air-gap (8.6% ) and lung-gap (0.5%). The largest field for which there was a significant dose accumulation was 24.07 × 24.07 cm2 both for air-gap (46.2%) and lung-gap (4.2%). PDD and crossline profiles showed good agreement with a gamma-passing rate higher than 91.15% for 2%/2 mm. The ERE can be adequately calculated by MC dose calculation platform available in the MRIdian Treatment Planning System. The MCs show an increase of the ERE directly proportional with the radiation field size. Good agreement was observed between the experimental measurements and calculated dose distributions.