bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XBP1-mediated transcriptional regulation of SLC5A1 in human epithelial cells in disease conditions
Authors: Sun Yifei , Zhang Yihan , Zhang Jifeng , Chen Y. Eugene , Jin Jian-Ping , Zhang Kezhong , Mou Hongmei , Liang Xiubin , Xu Jie
Published: February 2024

Background

Sodium-Glucose cotransporter 1 and 2 (SGLT1/2) belong to the family of glucose transporters, encoded by SLC5A1 and SLC5A2, respectively. SGLT2 is almost exclusively expressed in the renal proximal convoluted tubule cells. SGLT1 is expressed in the kidneys but also in other organs throughout the body. Many SGLT inhibitor drugs have been developed based on the mechanism of blocking glucose (re)absorption mediated by SGLT1/2, and several have gained major regulatory agencies’ approval for treating diabetes. Intriguingly these drugs are also effective in treating diseases beyond diabetes, for example heart failure and chronic kidney disease. We recently discovered that SGLT1 is upregulated in the airway epithelial cells derived from patients of cystic fibrosis (CF), a devastating genetic disease affecting greater than 70,000 worldwide.

Results

In the present work, we show that the SGLT1 upregulation is coupled with elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, indicated by activation of the primary ER stress senor inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) and the ER stress-induced transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), in CF epithelial cells, and in epithelial cells of other stress conditions. Through biochemistry experiments, we demonstrated that the spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s) acts as a transcription factor for SLC5A1 by directly binding to its promoter region. Targeting this ER stress → SLC5A1 axis by either the ER stress inhibitor Rapamycin or the SGLT1 inhibitor Sotagliflozin was effective in attenuating the ER stress response and reducing the SGLT1 level in these cellular model systems.

Conclusions

The present work establishes a causal relationship between ER stress and SGLT1 upregulation and provides a mechanistic explanation why SGLT inhibitor drugs benefit diseases beyond diabetes.
Biochar improves the nutrient cycle in sandy-textured soils and increases crop yield: a systematic review
Authors: Bekchanova Madina , Campion Luca , Bruns Stephan , Kuppens Tom , Lehmann Johannes , Jozefczak Marijke , Cuypers Ann , Malina Robert
Published: February 2024

Background

Biochar is a relatively new development in sustainable agricultural management that can be applied to ameliorate degraded and less fertile soils, especially sandy-textured ones, to improve their productivity with respect to crop production through improved nutrient availability. However, as the literature has shown, the response of sandy-textured soils to biochar varies in terms of effect size and direction. Therefore, the present study systematically reviewed the available evidence to synthesize the impact of biochar amendments on aspects of the nutrient cycle of sandy-textured soils.

Methods

Both peer-reviewed and gray literature were searched in English in bibliographic databases, organizational web pages, and Internet search engines. Articles underwent a two-stage screening (title and abstract, and full-text) based on predefined criteria, with consistency checks. Validity assessments were conducted, utilizing specifically designed tools for study validity. Data extraction involved categorizing the various properties of the nutrient cycle into nine main Soil and Plant Properties (SPPs), each of which was studied independently. Nine meta-analyses were performed using a total of 1609 observations derived from 92 articles. Comparing meta-averages with and without correction for publication bias suggests that publication bias plays a minor role in the literature, while some indication for publication bias is found when accounting for heterogeneity by means of meta-regressions.

Review findings

According to the results, soil total and available nitrogen [N], phosphorous [P] and potassium [K], plant nutrient level, and potential cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by 36% (CI [23%, 50%]), 34% (CI [15%, 57%]), 15% (CI [1%, 31%]), and 18% (CI [3%, 36%), respectively, and N2O emission and mineral nutrient leaching decreased by 29% (CI [− 48%, − 3%]) and 38% (CI [− 56%, − 13%). On average, however, biochar had no effect on soil mineral nitrogen and nutrient use efficiency. Publication bias was identified in the response of effective CEC. After corrections for publication bias, the response shifted from 36% to a negative value of − 34% (CI [− 50%, − 14%]). Meta-regression found that the effect modifiers experimental continent, biochar application rate, and soil pH, explain result heterogeneity. Stronger responses came from the continent of South America, higher application rates, and higher pH soils. Overall, biochar is found useful for many SPPs of nutrient cycling of sandy-textured soils, thereby contributing to increased crop yields in such soils.
The prevalence and clinical context of antimicrobial resistance amongst medical inpatients at a referral hospital in Rwanda: a cohort study
Authors: Bizimungu Olivier , Crook Peter , Babane Jean Félix , Bitunguhari Léopold
Published: February 2024

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern. AMR surveillance is a crucial component of the international response; however, passive surveillance of laboratory data is limited without corresponding patient-level clinical data. This study sought to examine the burden of AMR amongst medical inpatients in Rwanda, in the context of their clinical presentations and prior antibiotic exposures.

Methods

This cohort study was conducted over a 9-month period at a tertiary referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda. We enrolled 122 adult medical inpatients with a history of fever and a positive microbiological culture result. Data were collected regarding the clinical and microbiological aspects of their admission.

Results

The most common diagnoses were urinary tract infection (n = 36, 30%), followed by pneumonia (n = 30, 25%) and bacteraemia (11 primary [9%] and 10 catheter-related [8%]). The most common pathogens were E. coli (n = 40, 33%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 36, 30%). The cohort were heavily antibiotic-exposed at the time of culture with 98% of patients (n = 119) having received an antibiotic prior to culture, with a median exposure of 3 days (IQR 2–4 days). Eighty patients (66%) were specifically prescribed ceftriaxone at the time of culture. Gram-negative organisms predominated (82% [100/122]) and exhibited high rates of resistance, with only 27% (21/77) being susceptible to ceftriaxone, 2.4% (2/82) susceptible to co-amoxiclav and 44% (8/18) susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Susceptibility amongst Gram-negatives was relatively preserved to amikacin (91%, 79/87) and imipenem (85%, 70/82). There were no cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (0/12) or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (0/2). Discordant antibiotic therapy was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 6.87, 95%CI 1.80–45.1, p = 0.014).

Conclusions

This cohort highlights high rates of resistance amongst Gram-negative organisms in Rwanda, including the presence of carbapenem resistance. Nonetheless, the detailed prescribing data also highlight the challenges of using routine laboratory data to infer broader AMR prevalence. The significant exposure to empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy prior to culturing introduces a selection bias and risks over-estimating the burden of resistant organisms. Broadening access to microbiological services and active surveillance outside of teaching hospitals are essential to support national and international efforts to curb the growth of AMR in low-resource settings.
An EPR study of the cognitive processes underlying the impact of self-relevant information on emotional word processing
Authors: Zhang Ping , Song Yidan , Tadesse Endale , Khalid Sabika , Gao Chunhai , Li Weijun
Published: February 2024

Using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique, this study successively presented names (in either a supra- or subthreshold manner) and emotional words to examine how self-relevant cue (self-name) affects emotional word processing in word class judgment task (to determine whether an emotional word is a noun or adjective) and valence judgment task (to determine whether an emotional word is positive or negative). At the suprathreshold condition, self-relevant positive words elicited a more significant Early posterior negativity (EPN) than negative words only in the valence judgment task. In contrast, at the subthreshold condition, self-relevant negative words elicited an enhanced Late positive potential (LPP) than positive words only in the word class judgment task. These results indicate that self-relevant cue affects emotional word processing at both suprathreshold and subthreshold conditions; nevertheless, the effect manifests as self-positive bias at the suprathreshold condition and self-negative bias at the subthreshold condition. The experimental task modulates these dynamics.
Sustainable development strategy for historic neighborhood shrinkage: taking Puhuiquan neighborhood in Yulin, China, as an example
Authors: Zhang Yuzhao , Chen Shanshan , Hoistad Mark A.
Published: February 2024

Western cities have been confronted with the challenges of 'urban shrinkage' as changes in economic and production models have caused population migrations. China, in its recent history, has experienced rapid and dynamic growth in its cities. However, as its economy is evolving, it too is being confronted with 'urban shrinkage' challenges. Populations have been shifting inside small and medium sized cities in response to problems created during this rapid growth period. Most heritage areas have suffered from depopulation, neglect and disinvestment. The historic Puhuiquan neighborhood in Yulin City is a classic example of the current Chinese version of 'urban shrinkage'. Yulin City, founded as a military city five centuries ago, has shifted its focus away from its historic purpose into a resource-based city. Yulin’s planning developed new areas, drawing population out of the historic Puhuiquan neighborhood. This area is the home to a unique urban cultural landscape where land and architecture have merged to create the development of various types of 'cave' houses. Suffering from the effects of 'urban shrinkage', this research explores the causes and potential solutions for the area employing both 'smart shrinkage' and 'urban renewal' strategies, informed by local resident participation, to develop a sustainable renewal strategy for this heritage area.
Fit of biokinetic data in molecular radiotherapy: a machine learning approach
Authors: Ciucci Davide , Cassano Bartolomeo , Donatiello Salvatore , Martire Federica , Napolitano Antonio , Polito Claudia , Solfaroli Camillocci Elena , Cervino Gianluca , Pungitore Ludovica , Altini Claudio , Villani Maria Felicia , Pizzoferro Milena , Garganese Maria Carmen , Cannatà Vittorio
Published: February 2024

Background

In literature are reported different analytical methods (AM) to choose the proper fit model and to fit data of the time-activity curve (TAC). On the other hand, Machine Learning algorithms (ML) are increasingly used for both classification and regression tasks. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of employing ML both to classify the most appropriate fit model and to predict the area under the curve (τ).

Methods

Two different ML systems have been developed for classifying the fit model and to predict the biokinetic parameters. The two systems were trained and tested with synthetic TACs simulating a whole-body Fraction Injected Activity for patients affected by metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, administered with [131I]I-NaI. Test performances, defined as classification accuracy (CA) and percentage difference between the actual and the estimated area under the curve (Δτ), were compared with those obtained using AM varying the number of points (N) of the TACs. A comparison between AM and ML were performed using data of 20 real patients.

Results

As N varies, CA remains constant for ML (about 98%), while it improves for F-test (from 62 to 92%) and AICc (from 50 to 92%), as N increases. With AM, $$\Delta \tau$$

Δ
τ

can reach down to − 67%, while using ML $$\Delta \tau$$

Δ
τ

ranges within ± 25%. Using real TACs, there is a good agreement between τ obtained with ML system and AM.

Conclusions

The employing of ML systems may be feasible, having both a better classification and a better estimation of biokinetic parameters.
Exploring decentralized data management: a case study of changing energy suppliers in Germany
Authors: Rülicke Linda , Fehrle Florian , Martin Arne , Monti Antonello , Berkhout Volker , Warweg Oliver , Möller Sven
Published: February 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach to decentralized data management in the German energy market, focusing on the use of decentralized data management with the help of Data Spaces to facilitate the automated change of energy suppliers within 24 h. The central focus of this research is the MakoMaker Space, a demonstrator project that employs the Connector from the Eclipse Data Space Components. The MakoMaker project demonstrates the successful automation of energy supplier changes, emphasizing the preservation of customer data sovereignty. It shows an alternative approach to the process, putting the customer into the center. Customers retain control of their data, which is accessible to providers as needed. While the paper discusses the potential for further enhancements, such as the integration of an identity provider and the development of a sustainable business model for service coordination, the primary focus is on the demonstrator’s successful application in a pilot setting.
Screening Perspectives: The Role of Colorectal Cancer Awareness in Shaping Attitudes Toward Colonoscopy in Palestine
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Albandak Maram , Alser Mohammed , Al-Slaibi Ibrahim , Ayyad Mohammed , Dwikat Mohammad F. , Naji Shoruq A. , Mohamad Balqees M. , Isleem Wejdan S. , Shurrab Adela , Yaghi Bashar , Qabaja Yahya Ayyash , Hamdan Fatma K. , Sweity Raneen R. , Jneed Remah T. , Assaf Khayria A. , Hmaid Mohammed M. , Awwad Iyas I. , Alhabil Belal K. , Alarda Marah N. , Alsattari Amani S. , Aboyousef Moumen S. , Aljbour Omar A. , AlSharif Rinad , Giacaman Christy T. , Alnaga Ali Y. , Abu Nemer Ranin M. , Almadhoun Nada M. , Skaik Sondos M. , Albarqi Shurouq I. , Abu-El-Noor Nasser , Bottcher Bettina
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

To assess colorectal cancer (CRC) awareness and its influence on attitudes toward colonoscopy in Palestine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Convenience sampling was used to recruit Palestinian adults from hospitals, primary health care centers, and public spaces across 11 governorates. To evaluate the awareness of CRC signs/symptoms, risk factors, and mythical causes, the Bowel Cancer Awareness Measure and Cancer Awareness Measure-Mythical Causes Scale were used after translation into Arabic. For each correctly recognized item, one point was given. The total awareness score of each domain was calculated and categorized into tertiles; the top tertile was considered high awareness, and the other two tertiles were considered low awareness.

RESULTS

A total of 4,623 questionnaires were included. Only 1,849 participants (40.0%) exhibited high awareness of CRC signs/symptoms. High awareness of CRC symptoms was associated with higher likelihood of showing positive attitudes toward colonoscopy (odds ratio [OR], 1.21 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.37]). A total of 1,840 participants (38.9%) demonstrated high awareness of CRC risk factors. Participants with high awareness of CRC risk factors were more likely to display positive attitudes toward colonoscopy (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.37]). Only 219 participants (4.7%) demonstrated high awareness of CRC causation myths. There was no association between awareness of CRC causation myths and positive attitudes toward colonoscopy.

CONCLUSION

Awareness of CRC was poor with less than half of the study participants demonstrating high awareness of CRC signs/symptoms and risk factors, and a minority (<5%) displaying high awareness of CRC causation myths. High awareness of CRC signs/symptoms and risk factors was associated with greater likelihood of demonstrating positive attitudes toward colonoscopy. Educational initiatives are needed to address knowledge gaps and dispel misconceptions surrounding CRC.
Transforaminal Contrast Injection Before Computed Tomography-Guided Lateral Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy Improves Visualization of Exiting Nerve Root
Authors: Leibold Adam , Porto Guilherme , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Hines Kevin , Wang Dajie , Sivaganesan Ahilan , Jallo Jack
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (PELD) is an effective, minimally invasive method for removal of lateral lumbar disk herniations. This minimally invasive technique can be applied with high success and lead to faster recovery than traditional methods. Unfortunately, adoption of these techniques in the United States has been slow. A significant barrier to using this technique is often an inability to completely visualize relevant anatomy and increased operative times. In this article, we describe a technique using computed tomography (CT) guidance in conjunction with a neurogram to perform a PELD. We detail the steps in the technique and its advantages to the surgeon performing it.

METHODS:

After a patient is placed supine on a table, a transforaminal injection of contrast is performed under fluoroscopic guidance. Then, after sterilizing and draping in a normal fashion, an intraoperative CT scan is taken with a reference frame in place. During the procedure, this allows for the CT guidance to have the exiting nerve root clearly outlined.

RESULTS:

This procedure was successfully performed in a single patient, allowing greater visualization of the exiting nerve root during a difficult revision PELD case. No complications were experienced.

CONCLUSION:

A novel technique using a neurogram with CT guidance during a PELD was used to assist with identification of anatomy and decompression of the exiting nerve root. This technique was used without complications.
Survival and predictors of adult patients admitted to intensive care unit in Yekatit 12 Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Authors: Tesfahun Esubalew , Bekele Mulat
Published: February 2024

Background In hospitals, one of the main service components is an intensive care unit (ICU) that provides aggressive therapy for critically ill and high-risk patients. The availability of ICU beds has been progressively growing in Africa, but many studies show that the ICU mortality rate is very high. However, many of those studies are only descriptive and focus on medical or surgical patients. This study includes patients from all wards except pediatrics. Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out in the intensive care unit at Yekatit 12 Hospital, Ethiopia. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe the probability of survival in ICU stay. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for the multivariate analysis to determine the possible associations of predictor variables and to obtain the adjusted hazard ratios. A statistically significant association was declared at p <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Results The survival rate was 69.7% with a mortality rate of 30.3%. This study confirmed that the risk of mortality among ICU patients was the education status of the study participants, attending primary education was twice that of patients attending higher education with an adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) (AHR=2.097, 95% CI:1.081,4.067). Patients admitted to ICU because of shock were more than four times at risk of death compared to other causes (AHR= 4.51, 95% CI: 2.41, 8.45). The risk of mortality among ICU patients admitted because of brain injury was more than two times compared to other patients (AHR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.18, 6.47). Patients with respiratory failure were more than two times at risk of mortality (AHR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.19, 4.87). Conclusions The survival of ICU patients was low. Formal education level, patients admitted for shock, brain injury, and respiratory failure were found to be significantly associated with the survival of ICU patients.
Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematode Isolates against Subterranean Termites under Laboratory and Field Conditions
Authors: Abate Gutema Belay , Melisie Achlehum Dawit , Tesfaye Edosa Tariku , Feyisa Belay , Yimer Fikremariam , Daba Dinka Teshale
Published: February 2024

Background Termites are a major insect pest affecting agricultural production and woody materials. They cause severe devastation in the ecosystem, and lead to bare soil. This phenomenon causes the soil to become difficult to plow, which in turn leads to a reduction in the productivity of crops. It can cause 100 % yield losses based on crop types, level of the damage, and size of its populations. To manage this pest, different management options have been evaluated in Ethiopia. While insecticide usage is the dominant option, less attention has been given to Entomopathogenic Nematode (EPN) based management options. Therefore, this research was initiated to screen locally collected EPN isolates and evaluate promising isolates under field conditions on maize crop. Methods 37 EPN isolates were screened under laboratory condition, while two isolates were evaluated at field condition. The screening of EPN isolates was laid out in a completely randomized design, and the field evaluation used a completely randomized block design, and treatments were replicated thrice. Mortality of insect, damaged root, stem, cob, damage severity, foraging termites, and yield of the crop data were collected. Results The study indicated that all screened EPN isolates caused mortality on termites under laboratory conditions. The isolates achieved complete mortality of the insect pest within 12 days of exposure. The finding indicated that AEH and S#50 were the more pathogenic and virulent isolates on termites under laboratory conditions and taken to field study. The S#50 isolate was most pathogenic and reduced the infestation and severity of the insect pest on the maize crop under field conditions. Conclusions This result showed that the entomopathogenic nematode isolates have the potential to manage subterranean termites in the maize field. Future studies should be based on collection of local isolates and develop a full package for the virulent isolates.
Study of molecular characterization for diagnosis of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis
Authors: Warghade Aditi , Mudey Gargi
Published: February 2024

Dermatophytes are the keratinophilic fungi which infect humans and is the most recurring type of disease. The high level of transmissibility creates an epidemiological risk and emphasises the significance of these illnesses. However, a growing number of reports describing dermatophytes can cause deep infections in diabetic and immunocompromised patients, by invading deep layers like the dermis and hypodermis. Despite the prevalence and significance of dermatophytes in clinical mycology, it is not always possible to accurately diagnose this specific infection due to its overlapping structures among species of dermatophytes. Since it is difficult to identify species that exhibit weak characteristics in the morphological highlights, identification of the dermatophyte is often relied on its morphological analysis, which is a laborious process and demands skill. The massive shift in genetic variation, the source of infection, and epidemiological research can be discovered using molecular approaches. Therefore, the development of an accurate laboratory test for dermatophyte species identification is essential for the prevention and efficient management of dermatophytoses. One such methodology allows use of PCR technology which has many methods for molecular level characterization which is rapid, efficient, and capable of producing DNA polymorphisms specific to various dermatophyte species based on distinctive band patterns seen by agarose gel electrophoresis. The RAPD-PCR approach will be used in this study protocol to molecularly characterize the dermatophytes for precise speciation of the sample. In addition to improving knowledge of fungal biology and pathology with a focus on adaptive mechanisms to combat difficult conditions from host counteractions, there is a need to improve awareness of the importance of these diseases through accurate epidemiological data. The advantages of molecular approaches for characterizing objects over traditional methods are their sensitivity and specificity.
Evaluation of accuracy and potential harm of ChatGPT in medical nutrition therapy - a case-based approach
Authors: Mishra Vinaytosh , Jafri Fahmida , Abdul Kareem Nafeesa , Aboobacker Raseena , Noora Fatma
Published: February 2024

Background ChatGPT is a conversational large language model (LLM) based on artificial intelligence (AI). LLMs may be applied in health care education, research, and practice if relevant valid concerns are proactively addressed. The current study aimed to investigate ChatGPT’s ability to generate accurate and comprehensive responses to nutritional queries created by nutritionists/dieticians. Methods An in-depth case study approach was used to accomplish the research objectives. Functional testing was performed, creating test cases based on the functional requirement of the software application. ChatGPT responses were evaluated and analyzed using various scenarios requiring medical nutritional therapy, which were created with varied complexity. Based on the accuracy of the generated data, which were evaluated by a registered nutritionist, a potential harm score for the responses from Chat GPT was used as evaluation. Results Eight case scenarios with varied complexity when evaluated revealed that, as the complexity of the scenario increased, it led to an increase in the risk potential. Although the accuracy of the generated response does not change much with the complexity of the case scenarios, the study suggests that ChatGPT should be avoided for generating responses for complex medical nutritional conditions or scenarios. Conclusions The need for an initiative that engages all stakeholders involved in healthcare education, research, and practice is urgently needed to set up guidelines for the responsible use of ChatGPT by healthcare educators, researchers, and practitioners. The findings of the study are useful for healthcare professionals and health technology regulators.
The association between body posture and malocclusion - a literature review
Authors: Głogowska Karen , Wojtas Mikołaj , Kapica Marcin , Momot Karol , Żmijewska Aleksandra , Sztybór Mateusz , Krzyżanowska Maria , Maleszewska Monika , Piątkiewicz Julia , Nowak Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Effective body posture entails the correct alignment of body parts in relation to each other and is crucial for preserving balance, stability, and the efficient operation of muscles and joints. The major types of posture abnormalities such as lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis can lead to alterations in various areas of the body, such as stomatognatic system. The potential correlation between malocclusion and body posture remains a subject of controversy. The aim of this review is to investigate and evaluate the association between posture defects and malocclusion on the basis of literature. This literature review has analyzed 18 studies. Inclusion criteria: clinical researches published after 2010, regarding children and adults. PubMed and Google Scholar has been searched to identify the papers. In 18 analyzed  studies, 2133 patients were enrolled (including 979 children aged 4-18). A positive correlation between scoliosis and different types of malocclusion has been proven by six papers. There are also other noteworthy dependencies,  such as overjet and pelvic torsion, kyphosis and sagittal position of mandible, skeletal Class III and torticollis, cross bite and scapula plane.  Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis significantly affects the stomatognathic system, leading to issues like crossbite, crowding, increased overjet, overbite, partial open bite, and midline deviation. Orthopedists should collaborate with orthodontists for comprehensive treatment, particularly during developmental stages.
Reabilitação funcional e barreiras para atividade física na COVID-longa: um ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Oliveira Junior João Batista de , Bandeira Antonio Cleilson Nobre , Constantini Marina Isolde , Sirydakis Maria Eduarda de Moraes , Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Dias Raphael Ritti , Gerage Aline Mendes , Delevatti Rodrigo Sudatti
Published: February 2024

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as barreiras percebidas à prática de atividade física durante um programa de treinamento multicomponente em adultos e idosos pós infecção por COVID-19. Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado com 40 participantes (19 grupo controle e 21 grupo intervenção). Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas, de saúde e de barreiras para a prática de atividade física, antes, 12 e 24 semanas após o início da intervenção. A medida das barreiras para a prática de atividade física foi obtida por meio de uma escala válida composta por 16 itens. As diferenças de barreiras entre os grupos e ao longo de tempo foi analisada a partir das Equações de Estimativa Generalizada, α = 0,05. As barreiras mais citadas pelos dois grupos na linha de base foram “Preguiça, cansaço ou desânimo” (71%), “Dores, lesões ou incapacidade” (38%) e “Falta de motivação” (48%). As análises principais indicaram que ambos os grupos tiveram redução na frequência da barreira “Pre- guiça, cansaço ou desânimo” na 12a semana (p = 0,003), porém voltando aos valores iniciais na 24a semana (p = 0,441). Já a barreira “Por causa da epidemia de coronavírus” foi reduzida na 12a semana (p = 0,704) e ainda mais reduzida na 24a semana (p = 0,158), comportamento também similar entre os grupos. Como principal conclusão, barreiras para atividade física podem ser reduzidas pela parti- cipação em programas de exercício supervisionado e recomendação para a prática de atividade física.
A blueprint for the NHS
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: February 2024

Sam Foster, Executive Director of Professional Practice, Nursing and Midwifery Council, considers the report of the Times Health Commission, which looked at all aspects of the NHS
Assessment of diabetic foot ulcers: back to basics
Authors: Mitchell Aby , Hill Barry
Published: February 2024

Diabetic foot ulceration affects up to 34% of the global diabetic population as a result of poor glycaemic control. Complications resulting from diabetic foot ulceration can be complex, expensive and challenging. It is important for risk factors to be recognised early and for regular assessment to take place. Streamlining a coordinated approach that enhances communication and guides treatment approaches can help to improve wound outcomes.
Wound care in hard-to-reach populations: rough sleepers
Authors: Stephens Melanie , Chester-Bessell Deborah , Rose Samantha
Published: February 2024

People sleeping rough commonly develop wounds and other skin disorders. Wounds vary and develop for multiple reasons. They include acute wounds such as burns, infected injection sites, abscesses and cellulitis, as well as chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers; rough sleepers have a high prevalence of lower limb wounds. Skin and soft tissue infections are common, especially in people who inject drugs via subcutaneous or intramuscular routes. Emergency departments are often the pathways into healthcare for homeless people as traditional health and care systems often fail to meet their needs. Across England, initiatives have been developed to improve access to wound care for those who sleep rough. A case study illustrates the care of a homeless man presenting with a lower limb wound.
Obesity Medicine Intervention at an Academic Medical Center in a Resource-Limited Population Shows Promise
Authors: Grew Emily C. , Jain Vanya , Brodowski Kathleen R. , Burton Carter D. , Patel Jai C. , Doshi Dhvani A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Introduction. Obesity disproportionately affects some non-White and low-socioeconomic-status Americans. Medical obesity treatment includes aggressive lifestyle interventions with medications when applicable. We evaluated a physician-led, resource-limited obesity medicine program. Methods. This retrospective review included 98 adults with BMI >30 completing three or more obesity medicine physician visits, without bariatric surgery before or during Oct 2019–Feb 2022 at an academic medical center in Newark, N.J. Outcomes included changes in weight, HbA1c, blood pressure, and lipids. Results. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of patients lost weight, with one-third losing 5% or more of total weight. Almost 30% (29.3%) gained and 2.4% maintained weight. Number of visits (p<.01) and GLP-1 receptor agonist use predicted weight loss (p<.05). Hemoglobin A1c decreased (p<.01); blood pressure and lipids did not. Conclusion. Our study shows that medical weight management programs can achieve meaningful weight loss, despite resource limitations. Patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists lost more weight compared with other agents, even on suboptimal doses.
Using Linkage-enhancement Strategies to Bridge Treatment Gap among Inmates and Former Inmates in Correctional Settings with Inadequate Mental Health Care
Authors: Olagunju Andrew T. , Akanni Oluyemi O. , Oluwaniyi Stephen O. , Lawani Ambrose O. , Olutoki Michael O. , Wang Jeffrey , Adelugba Olajide , Alqahtani Abdullah H. , Bradford John W. , Chaimowitz Gary A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Service linkage and skill enhancement strategies were devised in Nigerian prisons with inadequate mental health resources to support the provision of psycho-legal services, including the assessments, identification, and care of inmates and former inmates with mental illness. Over the study period, 74 individuals, consisting of 64 (86.5%) males with a mean age of 33.25 (SD=11.2) years received care or psycho-legal services through these strategies. Clinically, 49% of the participants were diagnosed with schizophrenia (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code: F20.0–9), 66.7% had first formal clinical diagnosis of mental illness, and as many as 56.1% of the participants endorsed using psychoactive substances. Most participants (73.0%) were assessed and treated within the prison's general medical services with support from a multidisciplinary team from a regional psychiatric hospital. Of the 50 psycho-legal assessments conducted, eight (10.8%) and 12 (16.2%) participants were not criminally responsible and unfit to stand trial, respectively. We included an action-plan to support the implementation of collaborative care, skill-enhancement, and linkage of services as viable strategies in correctional settings with inadequate mental health care.
Prison Health Care Issues in Kansas and Ohio: The Perspective of Incarcerated Women
Authors: Proctor Janice
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This article about women's prison-based health care reports quantitative findings from surveying 206 female prisoners and qualitative findings from 45 female prisoners interviewed in one prison in Kansas and three prisons in Ohio. Respondents expressed concerns about the availability of quality prison health care and the timeliness of attention to requests for assistance. Additionally, respondents identified administrative barriers to receiving quality health care within each state. The detrimental consequences of receiving inadequate care are poignantly described by some women. Suggestions are offered for improving the overall quality of prison health care for women and modifying procedures for obtaining such care.
"You Need to Keep It Going, Mind, Body, and Spirit": Older Adults' Perspectives on Aging in Place in Subsidized Housing
Authors: Reyes-Farias David , Finucane Erin , Watson Amanda , Resnick Barbara , Reid Carolina , Gupta Sonia , Jahan Momana , Sadovnikov Katherine , Brown Rebecca T.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In the U.S., more than one million older adults with low incomes live in apartment buildings subsidized by the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit. Although this population experiences disproportionate rates of nursing home admission, little is known about residents' perspectives on factors that influence their ability to live independently in these settings. Fifty-eight residents aged 62 and older and eight study partners participated in qualitative interviews about their perspectives on living independently in subsidized housing, including barriers and facilitators. We analyzed transcripts using a hybrid inductive and deductive approach to qualitative thematic analysis. Barriers and facilitators for living independently in subsidized housing related to the influence of the social and physical environment on individuals' experiences of living independently, including factors unique to subsidized housing. Findings suggest how interventions to optimize functional status and promote independence among older adults living in subsidized housing can build on existing strengths of the subsidized housing environment to improve outcomes.
Obesity-Preventive Behaviors and Improvements in Depression among Diverse Utah Women Receiving Coaching from Community Health Workers
Authors: Sunada Grant R. , Digre Kathleen B. , Stark Louisa A. , Davis France , Mukundente Valentine , Napia Eruera , Sanchez-Birkhead Ana , Tavake-Pasi O. Fahina , Brown Heather , Alder Stephen C. , Gieseker Karen , Hu Nan , Wu Yelena , Simonsen Sara E.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Objectives. This study evaluated how high versus low-intensity community wellness coaching and health behaviors were associated with changes in depression screen results over one year. Methods. This was an analysis of secondary data collected in a 12-month obesity-related community health worker (CHW) program for 485 Utah women of color. Depression screen (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 score ³3) and self-reported fruit/vegetable consumption and physical activity (FV/PA) were recorded quarterly. Associations between FV/PA and changes in depression screen over time were evaluated in multivariable models. Results. Positive depression screen prevalence declined over 12 months (21.7% to 9.5%) with no difference between study arms. Overall, FV ³5 times/day (AOR=1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.2), any PA (AOR=3.1; 95% CI 1.5–6.4), and muscle strengthening activities (AOR=1.13; 95% CI 1.01–1.26) were associated with improved depression screen results over time. Conclusion. These results indicate value in addressing and evaluating depression in obesity-related interventions in underserved communities.
What Patients Want in a Transgender Center: Building a Patient-Centered Program
Authors: Hedian Helene F. , Neira Paula M. , Coon Devin , Schwarz Joshua , Cofrancesco Joseph , Lau Brandyn D.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Gender affirmation is standard medical care, and community input is an essential component of patient-centered care. This study shares how our organization assessed patients' perceptions of health care organizations that provide gender-affirming care. Building on qualitative interview data, we distributed an online survey via a lesbian-gaybisexual-transgender-queer research firm. The survey was completed by 314 transgender individuals residing in 37 U.S. states and territories. Most respondents (69%) reported negative experiences seeking health care. Patients would travel long distances for competent providers and were more willing to seek care from an institution actively working to change a formerly negative reputation. Patients described high-quality organizations as prioritizing staff training (95.5%), having inclusive policies (93.3%), and hiring expert staff (86.0%). Programs should ensure cultural competency training for all staff. They should recruit and retain providers skilled in transgender medicine, especially trans-identified providers. Patient experience and reputation in the community influence where patients seek care.
Implementing a Teaching Rural Mobile Health Clinic: Challenges and Adaptations
Authors: Brant Kristina , Segel Joel E. , McShane Michael P. , Rhubart Danielle , Kowalkowski Jennifer , Palacios Hazel Velasco , Jackson Jorden
Published: February 2024

Summary: In 2022, Penn State College of Medicine launched the LION Mobile Clinic, a teaching mobile health clinic offering preventive health services in rural Snow Shoe, Pennsylvania. We outline four challenges the clinic team faced in implementation, along with adaptations made to tailor the model to Snow Shoe's needs and opportunities.
Rosalía and Flamenco: A Musicological Perspective
Authors: Manuel Peter
Published: February 2024

Abstract: While the styles and sources of Rosalía's music are diverse and eclectic, flamenco is certainly the genre of which she has made most consistent and extensive use, with her idiosyncratic and original interpretations provoking much controversy in flamenco circles. Without discussing such polemics, this article explores in some specificity the particular flamenco forms she has used, from her first album Los Ángeles through her 2022 Motomami . It further makes some general observations about her flamenco interpretations, though these resist facile categorization. Some of the specific flamenco forms ( cantes and estilos ) that she performs are familiar and iconic, such as the " yeli yeli " tango chorus in "Di mi nombre." Others, such as the tango of Porrina de Badajoz in "Juro que," are items that only flamenco connoisseurs would recognize. Similarly, some of her interpretations are straightforward and por derecho , while others are strikingly original, whether in terms of instrumental accompaniment, production effects, or her own vocal rendering. A close observation of these rearticulations reveals both her originality as well as her deliberate engagement with traditional flamenco forms.
Virtual reality images created on the back and front of a display
Authors: Ogata Yoichi , Kolchiba Mykyta
Published: February 2024

To better investigate the biological mechanism of microorganisms, we developed a novel, to the best of our knowledge, virtual reality (VR) microscope that incorporates a head-mounted display (HMD) that creates VR images with a digital microscope. This type of VR microscope can be used with any type of optical microscope. The fabricated microscope is quite different from a common bifocal device because it can create VR images on the back and front of a display. If the VR images are displayed with object (OBJ) images, they are observable in [2 × 2] (back and front VR images and OBJ images; 2 × 2 = 4 images). This feature can provide important information on microscopic OBJs, which can be employed in 3D biological analysis. Furthermore, if a laser light source is added to this microscope, the images can be observed in [3 × 2] (back and front laser VR images, VR images, and OBJ images; 3 × 2 = 6 images). The lasers would also enable optical trapping and tracking, leading to improved biological analysis.
The role of global health partnerships in vaccine equity: A scoping review
Authors: Nunes Charnele , McKee Martin , Howard Natasha
Published: February 2024

The emergence of global health partnerships (GHPs) towards the end of the twentieth century reflected concerns about slow progress in access to essential medicines, including vaccines. These partnerships bring together governments, private philanthropic foundations, NGOs, and international agencies. Those in the vaccine field seek to incentivise the development and manufacture of new vaccines, raise funds to pay for them and develop and support systems to deliver them to those in need. These activities became more critical during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the COVAX Facility Initiative promoting global vaccine equity. This review identifies lessons from previous experiences with GHPs. Findings contribute to understanding the emergence of GHPs, the mechanisms they leverage to support global access to vaccines, and the inherent challenges associated with their implementation. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s method, we conducted a scoping review to identify and synthesise relevant articles. We analysed data thematically to identify barriers and opportunities for success. We included 68 eligible articles of 3,215 screened. Most (65 [95%]) were discussion or review articles describing partnerships or programmes they supported, and three (5%) were commentaries. Emerging themes included policy responses (e.g., immunisation mandates), different forms of partnerships arising in vaccine innovation (e.g., product development partnerships, public-private partnerships for access), and influence on global governance decision-making processes (e.g., the rising influence of foundations, diminishing authority of WHO, lack of accountability and transparency, creation of disease silos). If global health partnerships are to maximise their contributions, they should: (1) increase transparency, especially regarding their impacts; (2) address the need for health systems strengthening; and (3) address disincentives for cooperative vaccine research and development partnerships and encourage expansion of manufacturing capacity in low and middle-income countries.
Energy Harvesting in Electric Power Systems for Data Communication Purposes
Authors:   Fluminense Federal University, Fernandes Victor , Camponogara Andrei ,   Federal University of Parana, Filomeno Mateus ,   Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Ribeiro Moises ,   Federal University of Juiz de Fora
Published: February 2024

Aiming to illuminate the path towards integrating energy harvesting (EH) technologies into modern electric power systems, thereby enabling more efficient and sustainable energy solutions, this paper explores energy harvesting within electric power systems and points out its potential to power data communication purposes. In this sense, we examine the overarching principles of EH in these systems, spotlighting both the merits and limitations associated with energy extraction across varying voltage levels and electric signal frequency bands. Central components of EH devices, alongside a spectrum of harvesting methodologies, are thoroughly reviewed. Also, we showcase a case study that provides a quantitative assessment of EH potential in electric power systems. The manuscript culminates in a forward-looking analysis of EH, considering emerging technologies that promise to redefine the landscape. These include integrating hybrid power line and wireless systems, strategies for optimal power allocation, enhancements in physical layer security, the innovative concept of negawatts, advancements in harvesting circuit designs and applying non-orthogonal multiple access techniques
Colonialidade de gênero e a violência sexual: uma reflexão a partir da comunidade indígena Yanomami
Authors: Fabiana Lopes Sparemberger Raquel , Gschwendtner de Lima Geanne
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo propõe-se a questionar de que modo a colonialidade de gênero se relaciona com as práticas contemporâneas de violência sexual na Comunidade Indígena Yanomami. Por meio da metodologia hipotético-dedutiva, pesquisa qualitativa e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, o artigo traça o percurso como o corpo e a sexualidade dos povos originários são tratados e anulados desde o “des-cobrimento” até os dias atuais, trazendo como hipótese que a violência sexual, ainda incidente no cotidiano das mulheres e meninas da Comunidade Indígena Yanomami, se relaciona com as origens da estrutura de poder e a hierarquia construída ao longo do processo de colonização, que são reforçadas mediante estigmas e preconceitos dentro de uma dinâmica de sociedade patriarcal.