bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Label Classification Method Using a Hierarchical and Transparent Representation for Paper-Reviewer Recommendation
Authors: Zhang Dong , Zhao Shu , Duan Zhen , Chen Jie , Zhang Yanping , Tang Jie
Published: February 2020

The paper-reviewer recommendation task is of significant academic importance for conference chairs and journal editors. It aims to recommend appropriate experts in a discipline to comment on the quality of papers of others in that discipline. How to effectively and accurately recommend reviewers for the submitted papers is a meaningful and still tough task. Generally, the relationship between a paper and a reviewer often depends on the semantic expressions of them. Creating a more expressive representation can make the peer-review process more robust and less arbitrary. So the representations of a paper and a reviewer are very important for the paper-reviewer recommendation. Actually, a reviewer or a paper often belongs to multiple research fields, which increases difficulty in paper-reviewer recommendation. In this article, we propose a Multi-Label Classification method using a HIErarchical and transPArent Representation named
Hiepar-MLC
. First, we introduce HIErarchical and transPArent Representation (Hiepar) to express the semantic information of the reviewer and the paper. Hiepar is learned from a two-level bidirectional gated recurrent unit based network applying the attention mechanism. It is capable of capturing the two-level hierarchical information (word-sentence-document) and highlighting the elements in reviewers or papers to support the labels. This word-sentence-document information mirrors the hierarchical structure of a reviewer or a paper and captures the exact semantics of them. Then we transform the paper-reviewer recommendation problem into a multi-level classification issue, whose multiple research labels exactly guide the learning process. It is flexible in that we can select any multi-label classification method to solve the paper-reviewer recommendation problem. Further, we propose a simple multi-label-based reviewer assignment (MLBRA) strategy to select the appropriate reviewers. It is interesting in that we also explore the paper-reviewer recommendation in the coarse-grain granularity. Extensive experiments on the real-world dataset consisting of the papers in the ACM Digital Library show that Hiepar-MLC achieves better label prediction performance than the existing representation alternatives. In addition, with the MLBRA strategy, we show the effectiveness and the feasibility of our transformation from paper-reviewer recommendation to multi-label classification.
Intelligent Prediction of Refrigerant Amounts Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Chang Jincai , Pan Qiuling , Shen Zhihao , Qin Hao
Published: February 2020

In a refrigeration unit, the amount of refrigerant has a substantial influence on the entire refrigeration system. To predict the amount of refrigerant in refrigerators with the best performance, this study used refrigerator data collected in real time via the Internet of Things, which were screened to include only the effective parameters related to the compressor and refrigeration properties (based on their practical significance and the research background) and cleaned by applying longitudinal dimensionality reduction and transverse dimensionality reduction. Then, on the basis of an idealized model for refrigerator data, a model of the relationships between refrigerant amount (the dependent variable) and temperature variation, refrigerator compartment temperature, freezer temperature, and other relevant parameters (independent variables) was established. A refrigeration model based on a neural network was then established for predicting the amount of refrigerant and was used to predict five unknown amounts of refrigerant from data sets. BP neural network and RBF neural network models were used to compare the prediction results and analyze the loss functions. From the results, it was concluded that the unknown amount of refrigerant was most likely to be 32.5 g. It is of great practical significance for refrigerator production and maintenance to study the prediction of the amount of refrigerant remaining in a refrigerator.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Terbium Complex Coordinated with 10-Undecenoic Acid for UV-Cured Coatings
Authors: Jiao Chenjie , Zhong Rong , Zhou Yanfang , Zhang Hongfei
Published: February 2020

A UV-cured composite containing a rare earth complex was prepared for this study. First, the photoluminescent terbium complex was synthesized with a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid (10-Undecenoic acid) by a solution precipitation method, resulting in the 10-UA-Tb(III) complex. Its structure was proven by FTIR, elemental analysis, XRD, and TGA. The results indicated that the organic acid ligand successfully coordinated with the Tb3+ ion and that the complex had a chelate bidentate structure. The emission spectrum of the 10-UA-Tb(III) complex indicated that the complex can emit a bright green light with the unique luminescence of the Tb3+ ion. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of complexes with different ratios of Tb3+ and ligand were studied, and the ratio of Tb3+ and the ligand had an obvious impact on the luminescence intensity of the 10-UA-Tb(III) complex. Subsequently, the prepared rare earth complex was doped into a UV-cured coating in different proportions to obtain a UV-cured composite. The morphology of the rare earth UV-cured composite was observed by SEM. The images showed that the rare earth complex was dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix. Moreover, the composites could emit fluorescence. Additionally, it has good thermal stability and compatibility with the resin. Therefore, these composites should have potential applications in UV curable materials, such as luminescence coatings.
Prevalence of Diabetic Nephropathy among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Zhang Xin-Xin , Kong Jun , Yun Ke
Published: February 2020

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important cause of end-stage renal disease and is recognized as a public health problem worldwide. However, there have been no nationwide surveys of DN prevalence in China. This study is aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of DN among patients with type 2 diabetes in China. Methods. Published studies on the prevalence of DN among patients with type 2 diabetes published from January 1980 to October 2019 were systematically reviewed using PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Chinese Wanfang databases, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. The pooled prevalence of DN was estimated with the random effects model using R software. Prevalence estimates were also stratified by study design, methodological approach, and study population characteristics. Results. Thirty studies with a total of 79,364 participants were included in our study. The overall pooled prevalence of DN was 21.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 18.5-25.4%]. Subgroup analysis found that the prevalence of DN varied significantly according to different DM and DN diagnostic criteria (P<0.05); the pooling estimate was the highest in the west region of 41.3%, followed by that in the east region of China with 22.3%, northeast region with 20.7%, and central region with 15.6% (P<0.05), and was higher in the male-dominated studies 27.7%, compared with the female-dominated studies 17.6% (P<0.05). Conclusions. The prevalence of DN is high in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and shows geographic and gender variation. These data indicate that national strategies aimed at primary and secondary prevention of DN and screening programs for DN are urgently needed to reduce the risk and burden of DN in China.
MST4 Kinase Inhibitor Hesperadin Attenuates Autophagy and Behavioral Disorder via the MST4/AKT Pathway in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mice
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Wu Jinting , Hu Wenjie , Wang Qinghua , Liu Hairong , Chu Zhaohu , Lv Kun , Xu Yang
Published: February 2020

Background. The aim of this study was to explore the role of hesperadin in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mice, with the involvement of the mammalian ste20-like kinase 4 (MST4)/AKT signaling pathway. Methods. All mice were divided into four groups: sham group, sham+hesperidin group, ICH group, and ICH+hesperadin group. The effects of hesperadin were assessed on the basis of brain edema and neurobehavioral function. Furthermore, we observed MST4, AKT, phosphorylation of AKT (pAKT), and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) by western blotting. Protein localization of MST4 and LC3 was determined by immunofluorescence. Results. The expression of MST4 was upregulated at 12 h and 24 h after ICH. Brain edema was significantly decreased and neurological function was improved in the hesperadin treatment group compared to the ICH group (P<0.05). Hesperadin decreases the expressions of MST and increases pAKT after ICH. Autophagy significantly increased in the ICH group, while hesperadin reduced this increase. Conclusion. Hesperadin provides neuroprotection against ICH by inhibiting the MST4/AKT signaling pathway.
Antioxidant Properties of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Human Vocal Fold Fibroblast Exposed to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Shin Sung-Chan , Kim Hyung-Sik , Seo Yoojin , Kim Cho Hee , Kim Ji Min , Kwon Hyun-Keun , Lee Jin-Choon , Sung Eui-Suk , Lee Byung-Joo
Published: February 2020

The therapeutic potential of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) has been proved in several in vitro and in vivo models based on their antioxidative capacity. Oxidative stress is involved in the formation of vocal fold scars and the aging of vocal folds. However, few studies have examined the direct correlation between oxidative damage and reconstitution of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the vocal fold fibrosis. We, therefore, sought to investigate the impact of oxidative stress on cell survival and ECM production of human vocal fibroblasts (hVFFs) and the protective effects elicited by TMSCs against oxidative damages in hVFFs. hVFFs were exposed to different concentrations of tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence or absence of TMSCs. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed to examine the progression of oxidative stress in vitro. In addition, expression patterns of ECM-associated factors including various collagens were examined by real-time PCR and immunocytochemical analysis. We found that both cell viability and proliferation capacity of hVFFs were decreased following the exposure to tBHP in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, tBHP treatment induced the generation of ROS and reactive aldehydes, while it decreased endogenous activity of antioxidant enzymes in hVFF. Importantly, TMSCs could rescue these oxidative stress-associated damages of hVFFs. TMSCs also downregulated tBHP-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines in hVFFs. In addition, coculture with TMSC could restore the endogenous matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity of hVFFs upon tBHP treatment and, in turn, reduce the oxidative stress-induced ECM accumulation in hVFFs. We have, therefore, shown that the changes in hVFF proliferative capacity and ECM gene expression induced by oxidative stress are consistent with in vivo phenotypes observed in aging vocal folds and vocal fold scarring and that TMSCs may function to reduce oxidative stress in aging vocal folds.
Endodontic Management of Maxillary Second Molar Tooth with a Single Root and Single Canal
Authors: Mittal Neelam , Parashar Vijay , Patel Prasad Suresh
Published: February 2020

Comprehensive understanding of variations in the root canal morphology of a maxillary molar is useful for performing successful endodontic treatment in such cases. This case report describes endodontic management of a case with such aberrant root canal morphology of a maxillary second molar having a single root and single canal.
Magnetic Apposition across the Epiglottis: Radiographic and Operative Correlation of a Rare Hypopharyngeal Foreign Body
Authors: Pi Yeli , Radhakrishnan Shilpa , Alrajhi Yaser , Bhargava Ravi
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim. Rare-earth magnet ingestions are a subset of foreign body ingestions and can result in significant morbidity secondary to pressure necrosis. These magnets are best visualized radiographically, typically located in the gastrointestinal tract. However, unusual locations of magnetic adherence may include the hypopharynx along the epiglottis, where only 2 previous cases have been reported. Clinicians should be aware of the potential dangers of rare-earth magnet ingestion and consider atypical locations of attachment in the appropriate clinical setting. Case Presentation. We present an interesting case of a fourteen-year-old female patient who presents with witnessed ingestion of multiple rare-earth magnets. Soft-tissue neck radiographs demonstrate two adjacent rounded radiopaque densities in the hypopharynx. Intraoperative images confirmed the radiographic findings and identified two magnetic balls stuck along the dorsal and ventral aspect of the epiglottis without evidence of pressure necrosis. Conclusion. This is the first published case of magnetic foreign body adherence to the epiglottis in the Radiology literature. Awareness and recognition of the unique radiographic findings of this rare entity can help clinicians streamline timely management.
In Vivo Imaging of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs): Visualization Methods and Outcomes
Authors: Alasmari Sultan Z.
Published: February 2020

Neutrophils comprise the first line of innate immune defense during a host‐pathogen interaction. They attack microorganisms directly through three different methods, of which, phagocytosis and degranulation have been known and well‐studied for decades. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is the third and unique method, which was unveiled in 2004. Since then, many studies on NETs have been carried out. However, only few have successfully demonstrated the activity of NETs in vivo. Results of the in vivo studies on NETs have strengthened our understanding of their role in different situations. This review highlights the main in vivo studies, which have contributed in extending our understanding of the role of NETs during infections and diseases, thus indicating their advantages and limitations.
Suppression of IRE1α Attenuated the Fatty Degeneration in Parenteral Nutrition-Related Liver Disease (PNALD) Cell Model
Authors: Cui Ningxun , Cui Mingling , Li Jie , Zhu Xueping , Zhu Xiaoli
Published: February 2020

Aims. To model the parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) in rat normal hepatocytes BRL and investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress- (ERS-) related IRE1α signal in the process of PNALD. Methods. The BRL cells were treated with different concentrations of soybean oil emulsion (SO) to induce hepatocyte fatty degeneration. The PNALD cell disease model was further confirmed by analysis of Oil Red O staining and biochemical parameters. Next, the IRE1α was silenced by specific shRNAs via lentivirus and the role of IRE1α in anticytotoxicity and the expression level of ERS-related protein IRE1α and p-IRE1α were measured. Results. The results of Oil Red O staining indicated that the PNALD was successfully established in BRL cells and the CCK-8 data indicated which 0.6% that SO was further applied to the experiment owing to its better induction of PNALD and less toxicity to the cells. Besides, the value of biochemical parameters (TBIL, DBIL, ALT, and AST) was also elevated in the SO group compared with the NG group. After knockdown of IRE1α, the PNALD was also induced while the cells were more tolerant to SO. The less positive Oil Red O staining and reduced values of biochemical parameters were observed in the shIRE1α group when compared to the shControl, both of which accepted SO treatment. Conclusion. IRE1α was induced in PNALD cell model and suppression of IRE1α resulted in reduced steatosis in this cell disease model. Taken together, our data suggested that the IRE1α pathway may be involved in the development of PNALD.
Fractional Optimal Control with Fish Consumption to Prevent the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Ameen I. , Hidan M. , Mostefaoui Z. , Ali H.M.
Published: February 2020

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Chronic Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the greatest defies currently confronting humankind which is sweeping the whole globe, with an expanding trend in developing countries. In this paper, a mathematical model (MM) was proposed to study the connection between fish consumption and CHD mortality in Egypt, by considering a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) involving time-fractional derivative (FD). We considered here the study on Egypt for the ease of obtaining real data, but the method and approach adopted here is not limited to Egypt only and can be applied to any country in the world with the information of the real data related to the subject of the study. Additionally, the control function which represents the metabolic and the behavioural risk factors of CHD that help to reduce the number of mortality due to CHD is incorporated in the proposed MM. A fractional optimal control problem (FOCP) with a proposed control is formulated and studied theoretically using the Pontryagin maximum principle, to minimize the susceptible population and also to decrease the mortality rate of CHD. Moreover, firstly we discussed the positivity and boundedness of solutions; then, the model equilibria are determined and their local stability analysis was investigated; furthermore, we use the improved forward-backward sweep method (FBSM) based on the predictor-corrector method (PCM) in order to obtain the solution of proposed FOCP. In addition, some numerical simulations were performed to show the effect of the proposed optimal control (OC) besides the impact of fish consumption on the mortality of CHD.
Low Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake and Persistent Disparities in an Underserved Urban Population
Authors: Ni Katherine , O'Connell Kelli , Anand Sanya , Yakoubovitch Stephanie C. , Kwon Simona C. , de Latour Rabia Ali , Wallach Andrew B. , Sherman Scott E. , Du Mengmeng , Liang Peter S.
Published: February 2020

Colorectal cancer screening has increased substantially in New York City in recent years. However, screening uptake measured by telephone surveys may not fully capture rates among underserved populations. We measured screening completion within 1 year of a primary care visit among previously unscreened patients in a large urban safety-net hospital and identified sociodemographic and health-related predictors of screening.

We identified 21,256 patients ages 50 to 75 who were seen by primary care providers (PCP) in 2014, of whom 14,425 (67.9%) were not up-to-date with screening. Because PCPs facilitate the majority of screening, we compared patients who received screening within 1 year of an initial PCP visit to those who remained unscreened using multivariable logistic regression.

Among patients not up-to-date with screening at study outset, 11.5% (1,658 patients) completed screening within 1 year of a PCP visit. Asian race, more PCP visits, and higher area-level income were associated with higher screening completion. Factors associated with remaining unscreened included morbid obesity, ever smoking, Elixhauser comorbidity index of 0, and having Medicaid/Medicare insurance. Age, sex, language, and travel time to the hospital were not associated with screening status. Overall, 39.9% of patients were up-to-date with screening by 2015.

In an underserved urban population, colorectal cancer screening disparities remain, and overall screening uptake was low. Because more PCP visits were associated with modestly higher screening completion at 1 year, additional community-level education and outreach may be crucial to increase colorectal cancer screening in underserved populations.
Immunotherapy of Pediatric Solid Tumors: Treatments at a Crossroads, with an Emphasis on Antibodies
Authors: Casey Dana L. , Cheung Nai-Kong V.
Published: February 2020

Over the last decade, immunotherapy has rapidly changed the therapeutic landscape and prognosis for many hematologic malignancies and adult solid tumors. Despite this success, immunotherapy for pediatric solid tumors remains in the early stages of development, and significant clinical benefit has yet to be realized, with anti-GD2 for neuroblastoma being the exception. The limited neoepitope expression and paucity of T-cell infiltration into the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment have hampered current established immunotherapies. Emerging approaches to recruit T cells, to convert phenotypically “cold” into “inflamed” tumors, and to vastly improve therapeutic indices hold exceptional promise. Here, we review these approaches, highlighting the role of the tumor microenvironment and novel antibody platforms to maximize the full clinical potential of immunotherapy in pediatric oncology.
Macrophages Instruct Aberrant Glycosylation in Colon Cancer by Chemokine and Cytokine Signals
Authors: Bronte Vincenzo
Published: February 2020

Myeloid cells can alter diverse molecular and metabolic pathways in cancer cells, contributing to their survival, migration, and resistance to chemotherapy and immune attack. The results by Kvorjak and colleagues unveil a novel circuit whereby altered glycosylation in epithelial cells promotes the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer, via the production of IL13 and CCL17 by M2-polarized macrophages.

See article by Kvorjak et al., p. 167
ANCA-assoziierte Kleingefäßerkrankungen: Betrachtung der aktivitätsgesteuerten Vaskulitistherapie
Authors: von Vietinghoff Sibylle
Published: February 2020

Background: The introduction of combination therapy with glucocorticoids (GC) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) or rituximab (RTX) has resulted in remission rates exceeding 90% in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). However, early treatment-related mortality remains a major concern and has driven the search for safer induction regimens exploring minimization or avoidance of GC and CYC. Most trials have excluded patients with severe renal disease. We report the outcomes of AAV patients with severe renal disease treated with sequential therapy (ST) starting with (GC) and oral (CYC) followed by transition to (RTX). Methods: Patients with new or relapsing severe AAV who presented with severe renal disease and/or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) were identified. RPGN was defined as at least a 20% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over a 2-week period along with hematuria and proteinuria. Induction treatment included pulse (GC) for 3 days followed by oral prednisone tapered to 5 mg by month 6, oral (CYC) adjusted for GFR until improvement in Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), and serum creatinine at which point (CYC) was stopped and induction dose of (RTX) was given. Use of plasmapheresis (PLEX) was allowed. The primary outcome was complete remission defined as BVAS of zero by 6 months. Descriptive data are presented as median with range and mean with SD. Results: Nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age at diagnosis was 63 years. The majority were females, myeloperoxidase ANCA positive, and had a new diagnosis. The mean nadir (SD) eGFR was 12 (5) with 3 requiring dialysis. The median BVAS at the time of diagnosis was 15. All patients received ST and 3 received PLEX. The median exposure to oral CYC was 35 days. The mean (SD) eGFR and median BVAS were 26 (12) and 3, respectively, at the time of switching to RTX. The median prednisone dose at 6M was 5 mg. The median follow-up was 44 months. All patients achieved remission. One patient with relapsing disease reached ESRD. The mean (SD) eGFR in the remaining 8 patients at last FU was 37 (27), and the mean (SD) eGFR rise at 1 year was 26 (25). Adverse events included 2 patients with pneumonia and 3 with bone marrow suppression. There were no deaths. Conclusion: ST with GC and CYC followed by RTX is effective for in AAV patients with severe renal disease. Therapy-related adverse events are comparable to other studies, and further modification in ST with decrease in GC dosage should be explored.
Ulcerative Colitis: Disease Burden, Impact on Daily Life, and Reluctance to Consult Medical Professionals: Results from a Japanese Internet Survey
Authors: Hibi Toshifumi , Ishibashi Toyomi , Ikenoue Yuka , Yoshihara Ryoichi , Nihei Akiko , Kobayashi Taku
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim: The prevalence of ulcerative colitis has increased in Asian populations in recent years. This Japanese internet survey investigated the symptoms, impact, and treatment of ulcerative colitis, and communication between patients and medical professionals. Methods: This was a non-interventional analysis of responses from participants with ulcerative colitis who had regularly visited medical providers for their disease in the past year. Results: In 501 evaluable participants, the mean age was 39.8 years and mean disease duration was 7.6 years. Ulcerative colitis had a “significant impact” on daily life in 43.5% of participants who experienced bowel urgency and 48.6% who experienced bowel incontinence. Although the prevalence of bowel urgency and bowel incontinence was associated with higher stool frequency and rectal bleeding scores (p value for trend <0.0001), they still existed even in patients without frequent stools or rectal bleeding. Around 30% of participants hesitated to discuss symptoms such as bowel incontinence with a medical professional. Approximately three-quarters preferred to use websites for medical information. Most participants (78.0%) had used topical treatments. However, 25.7% were hesitant to use such treatments due to concerns about discomfort (48.1%) and administration difficulty (47.3%). Conclusions: Ulcerative colitis significantly affects daily life, largely due to symptoms such as bowel urgency and bowel incontinence. Despite desiring to improve bowel incontinence, patients are embarrassed to consult physicians or nurses. Therefore, medical professionals should make an active effort to draw out patients’ individual concerns, including symptoms that patients may not initially feel able to talk about openly.
Fieber als einziges Symptom einer Riesenzellarteriitis: eine beinahe übersehene Diagnose
Authors: Poudel Pooja , Swe Thein , Bonilla Eduardo , Wiilliams Michael
Published: February 2020

Eine Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA), die sich nur in Form von Fieber manifestiert, ist sehr selten. In der Regel tritt sie mit typischen Merkmalen wie Sehstörungen, Kopfschmerzen, Kieferschmerzen beim Kauen oder in Verbindung mit Polymyalgia rheumatica auf. Im vorliegenden Bericht stellen wir den Fall eines Patienten mit Riesenzellarteriitis vor, der als alleiniges Symptom anhaltendes Fieber hatte. Die Ursache des Fiebers konnte trotz umfangreicher Diagnostik zunächst nicht ermittelt werden. Wegen des Verdachts auf Riesenzellarteriitis wurde eine Steroidtherapie eingeleitet, die zum Abklingen des Fiebers führte. Bei der Differentialdiagnose von Fieber unklarer Genese sollte unbedingt auch an eine Riesenzellarteriitis gedacht werden. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose und wirksame Behandlung sind entscheidend, da die Mortalitätsrate bei unbehandelten Fällen weiterhin hoch ist.
Colitis ulcerosa: Vedolizumab und Adalimumab im Vergleich
Authors: Atreya Raja
Published: February 2020

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die therapeutische Effiktivität des Anti-Integrin Antikörpers Vedolizumab mit der des Anti-TNF-Antikörpers Adalimumab in einer randomisierten, komparativen, doppel-blinden und doppel-dummy, Phase-3b-Studie bei Patienten mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer Colitis ulcerosa verglichen. Primärer Endpunkt war die klinische Remission in Woche 52 (Mayo Score ≤ 2 und kein Subscore > 1). Eine vorherige Exposition gegenüber einem anderen anti-TNF Antikörper als Adalimumab war bei bis zu 25% der Patienten erlaubt. Die Colitis ulcerosa Patienten erhielten entweder Vedolizumab (300 mg an Woche 0, 2, 6 und nachfolgend 300 mg alle 8 Wochen bis Woche 46), oder Adalimumab (160 mg an Woche 0, 80 mg an Woche 2 und nachfolgend 40 mg alle 2 Wochen bis Woche 50). Eine Dosiseskalation war in beiden Gruppen nicht zulässig. Insgesamt wurden 769 Patienten mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer Colitis ulcerosa in die Studie eingeschlossen und erhielten mindestens eine Dosis Vedolizumab (n = 383) oder Adalimumab (n = 386). Ein statistisch signifikant höherer Anteil der Patienten in der Vedolizumab-Gruppe erreichte den primären Endpunkt (klinische Remission) in Woche 52 (31,3% vs. 22,5%; Differenz 8,8 Prozentpunkte; 95%-Konfidenzintervall (KI) 2,5-15,0; p = 0,006). Beim sekundären Endpunkt (endoskopische Verbesserung der Schleimhaut; endoskopischer Mayo-Subscore von 0 oder 1) zeigte sich ebenfalls eine Überlegenheit von Vedolizumab im Vergleich zu Adalimumab (39,7% vs. 27,7%; Differenz 11,9 Prozentpunkte; 95%-KI 5,3-18,5; p < 0,001). Eine Steroid-freie, klinische Remission zeigte sich dagegen numerisch höher bei Patienten der Adalimumab-Gruppe, (12,6% vs. 21,8%; Differenz -9,3 Prozentpunkte, 95%-KI -18,9-0,4). Die expositionsadjustierte Inzidenzrate an Infektionen betrug 23,4 und 34,6 Ereignisse pro 100 Patientenjahre mit Vedolizumab bzw. Adalimumab, und die entsprechenden Raten für schwere Infektionen lagen bei 1,6 und 2,2 Ereignissen pro 100 Patientenjahre. In dieser Vergleichsstudie zwischen Vedolizumab und Adalimumab bei Patienten mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer Colitis ulcerosa zeigte sich eine Überlegenheit von Vedolizumab in Bezug auf klinische Remission und endoskopische Verbesserung, nicht aber bei Steroid-freier, klinische Remission.
Vaskultitiden - an der Haut häufig erstes, aber nicht einziges Zeichen
Authors: Sticherling Michael
Published: February 2020

Objective: It is unknown whether epidemiological or clinical characteristics of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) have changed over time. This study aimed at evaluating the epidemiological and clinical changes of HSP during 3 decades. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 515 children with HSP (0-15 years of age) between 1987 and 2015. We compared the two HSP patient groups: those admitted from 1987 to 1996 (group A, 238 cases) and those admitted from 2006 to 2015 (group B, 98 cases), apart a decade. Results: In total 515 patients, the mean age was 6.5 ± 3.0 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1 (278:237). The age distribution showed a peak at age 5 with a bell-shaped distribution pattern. The annual number of cases varied in each year with a trend of reduced cases in the recent decade. There were less cases during the summer season. Purpura, gastrointestinal involvement, joint involvement, and renal involvement were found in 100%, 56%, 38%, and 18% of the patients, respectively. In comparison between the two groups, there were similar findings in mean age, age distribution, and seasonal distribution. However, the hospitalization stay was longer, and the proportion of recurrent cases (14 cases vs. 0 case) and proteinuria (15% vs. 3%) were higher in the group A than in the group B. Conclusions: Long-term epidemiologic features of HSP were similar to those in other countries. Clinical manifestations of HSP showed a trend towards a less severe clinical phenotype over time in Deajeon, Korea. Key Points. It is unknown whether epidemiological and clinical traits of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) have changed over time. We reported that clinical manifestations of HSP have changed to milder phenotype through a long-term observation of three decades at a single hospital in Daejeon, South Korea. Clinical phenotype of infection-related diseases, including HSP, may be changed over time, and the etiology and the reason of clinical changes over time remain to be solved.
Physical Activity and Spatial Memory Are Minimally Affected by Moderate Growth Restriction in Preterm Piglets
Authors: Cao Muqing , Brunse Anders , Thymann Thomas , Sangild Per Torp
Published: February 2020

Background: Preterm birth is associated with impaired brain functions, but it is unknown whether fetal growth restriction (GR) makes these deficits worse. Using piglets as a model for preterm infants, we hypothesized that moderate GR reduces growth rate, physical activity, and spatial memory in the first weeks after preterm birth. Methods: Preterm pigs were delivered by caesarean section and fed until 19 days (n = 830 from 55 pregnant sows) and received intensive clinical care. GR pigs were classified as animals with the lowest 5–20% percentile birth weight within each litter and were compared with litter-mate controls (21–100% percentile birth weight). Basic motor skill development, physical activity, and morbidities (e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis) were recorded within the first week. Weight of internal organs and data from a T-maze spatial memory test were noted until 19 days. Results: Moderate GR and control preterm pigs (birth weights 728 ± 140 and 1,019 ± 204 g, respectively) showed similar relative weights of internal organs (relative to body), except higher adrenal gland weights in GR pigs (+20–50%, p < 0.05). This was associated with a tendency to higher plasma cortisol (p < 0.05 on day 11). GR preterm pigs showed delayed ability to stand and walk (days 2–5, p < 0.01), but physical activity and proportion of correct choices in a T-maze test (70.3 vs. 71.6%) were similar. Conclusion: Moderate GR has limited effect on motor function and spatial memory in the early postnatal period of preterm pigs, despite some initial delays in basic motor skills. In the postnatal period, moderately growth-restricted preterm infants may adapt well with regards to organ growth and neurodevelopment.
Diário do Rio
Authors: Alvarado Leonel
Published: February 2020

Esta crônica surgiu de uma pesquisa sobre língua portuguesa e comunicações desenvolvida na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, em 2018, e reflete a percepção de um estrangeiro, neste caso do poeta Leonel Alvarado, sobre o cotidiano da cidade.
Apresentação: Limites e possibilidades de uma sociologia política do campo jurídico
Authors: Engelmann Fabiano , Fontainha Fernando
Published: February 2020

Apresentação do Dossiê Campo Jurídico e Política.
Os ministros juristas do TSE
Authors: Crespo Ralph André , Peixoto Vitor De Moraes , Leal João Gabriel Ribeiro Pessanha
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar os advogados escolhidos para ministros do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) – os chamados de ministros juristas, conforme classificação do próprio tribunal. Trata-se de um trabalho predominantemente descritivo onde se verificou as listas tríplices apresentadas aos Presidentes da República entre 2008 e 2018 para escolha destes ministros. A Constituição Federal de 1988 estabelece que o TSE será composto, no mínimo, por sete ministros: três provenientes do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), dois do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) e dois escolhidos dentre os advogados de notável saber jurídico e idoneidade moral; dois conceitos entendidos como abertos e subjetivos. Foram analisados fatores relevantes no perfil dos ministros escolhidos que sinalizassem para um padrão de escolha, utilizando-se na análise as variáveis sexo, formação acadêmica e vínculo familiar. Constatou-se que a maioria dos escolhidos é do sexo masculino, porém a formação acadêmica com doutorado e pertencimento às famílias com magistrados não se apresentaram como fatores determinantes nas escolhas. Ainda em relação à formação acadêmica, nenhum dos indicados e escolhidos tinha em seus currículos especialização em direito eleitoral.
Scoping review of studies on food marketing in Latin America: Summary of existing evidence and research gaps
Authors: Chemas-Velez Maria Manuela , Gómez Luis F. , Velasquez Alcides , Mora-Plazas Mercedes , Parra Diana C.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE: To document the evidence about marketing of ultra-processed foods and “non-alcoholic” beverages in Latin America. METHODS: We performed a structured search of quantitative and qualitative studies in PubMed, SciELO and LILACS, published between January 2000 and May 2017 and conducted in Latin America. We conducted a quality assessment following a standardized tool and a thematic analysis to identify key typologies of marketing across studies RESULTS: Out of 521 studies screened by title and abstract, we included 36 in this review; 27 of them analyzed television advertisement. Other marketing channels studied were food packaging, point of sale and outdoor advertisement. Studies found television advertises foods and beverages that are mostly ultraprocessed foods and have low nutritional value, particularly those promoted during children’s programming. We also observed children have a literal interpretation of images printed on food packaging, so this can be deceiving. Several studies also found proximity to unhealthy foods may increase their consumption. Finally, the thematic analysis identified the following typologies of food marketing: a) television advertisement, b) food packaging marketing, c) marketing strategies at points of sale and d) other marketing strategies. We found almost no advertisements for unprocessed or minimally processed foods such as fruits and vegetables. We did not find any studies on digital marketing conducted in the region. CONCLUSIONS: This review found that the main channel of food marketing was television advertising. This synthesis provides insights to the challenges unhealthy eating represents to the public health of Latin America and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.
Whither social determinants of health?
Authors: Nedel Fúlvio Borges , Bastos João Luiz
Published: February 2020

This critical commentary extends the debate on social determinants of health and disease. Its main argument is that while further studies are unnecessary to demonstrate the fundamentally social distribution of health outcomes, extant analyses rarely engage with the fact that poverty and other forms of oppression are political choices made by societies, which are both contemporaneously contingent and historically situated. This view must guide research and debate in the area so that studies intending to bring injustice to light do not end up naturalizing it. Research based on this fundamental understanding may help to overcome the narrow scope of multicausal black box approaches, which do not analyze the interrelations among determinants and make only a limited contribution to the construction of healthy societies.
Advancing Healthcare Reform: The American Heart Association’s 2020 Statement of Principles for Adequate, Accessible, and Affordable Health Care: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Warner John J. , Benjamin Ivor J. , Churchwell Keith , Firestone Grace , Gardner Timothy J. , Johnson Janay C. , Ng-Osorio Jackie , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Todman Lynn , Yaffe Kristine , Yancy Clyde W. , Harrington Robert A. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee
Published: February 2020

The mission of the American Heart Association is to be a relentless force for a world of longer, healthier lives. The American Heart Association has consistently prioritized the needs and perspective of the patient in taking positions on healthcare reform while recognizing the importance of biomedical research, providers, and healthcare delivery systems in advancing the care of patients and the prevention of disease. The American Heart Association’s vision for healthcare reform describes the foundational changes needed for the health system to serve the best interests of patients and to achieve health care and coverage that are adequate, accessible, and affordable for everyone living in the United States. The American Heart Association is committed to advancing the dialogue around healthcare reform and has prepared this updated statement of our principles, placed in the context of the advances in coverage and care that have occurred after the passage of the Affordable Care Act, the rapidly changing landscape of healthcare delivery systems, and our evolving recognition that efforts to prevent cardiovascular disease can have synergistic benefit in preventing other diseases and improving overall well-being. These updated principles focus on expanding access to affordable health care and coverage; enhancing the availability of evidence-based preventive services; eliminating disparities that limit the availability and equitable delivery of health care; strengthening the public health infrastructure to respond to social determinants of health; prioritizing and accelerating investments in biomedical research; and growing a diverse, culturally competent health and healthcare workforce prepared to meet the challenges of delivering high-value health care.
Abstract MP06: Everyday Discrimination And Mental Stress-induced Myocardial Ischemia In Young Women Post-mi
Authors: McKinnon Izraelle I , Shah Amit J , Lima Bruno B , Moazzami Kasra , Young An , Sullivan Samaah , Almuwaqqat Zakaria , elon lisa , Raggi Paolo , QUYYUMI Arshed A , Vaccarino Viola , Lewis Tene T
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is a transient myocardial ischemic response to mental stress. Women are about two times more likely to develop MSIMI compared to men, which could potentially explain their worse morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to examine the associations between experiences of everyday discrimination, as a gender-related stressor, and both MSIMI and conventional (exercise/pharmacologic)-induced myocardial ischemia among young survivors of MI.

Hypothesis:
Reports of everyday discrimination are associated with a higher prevalence of MSIMI, but not conventional ischemia in those with recent MI; furthermore, this relationship is stronger among young women compared to men.

Methods:
We studied 295 post-MI patients (145 women, 150 men) aged 25-61 years. Participants underwent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging at rest, after mental stress, and after exercise/pharmacological stress. Perfusion defect scores of myocardial segments were summed, with the summed difference score between stress and rest scores used to determine the presence of ischemia under both stress conditions. The Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) was assessed via questionnaire and used to measure exposure to experiences of discrimination (possible range 1-4).

Results:
EDS scores ranged from 1-3.8 (mean 1.7; SD 0.6). After adjustment for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors, indicators of MI severity and symptoms of depression, each one point increase in average exposure to everyday discrimination (more frequent exposure) was associated with a doubling of odds of MSIMI (OR=2.46 [1.21 – 5.00]), but was not associated with exercise/pharmacological-induced ischemia (OR=0.75 [0.41 – 1.36]). These results were more robust among women, who demonstrated a nearly four-fold increase in odds of MSIMI with each one-point increase in average discrimination score compared to a two-fold increase among men, however there was no evidence of interaction by gender.

Conclusion:
Among young post-MI patients, experiences of everyday discrimination were positively associated with risk of MSIMI, but not associated with conventional stress ischemia. The risk of MSIMI tended to be greater among women than men, potentially implicating discrimination in triggering a physiological response to which women are particularly vulnerable.
Pathogenic and Uncertain Genetic Variants Have Clinical Cardiac Correlates in Diverse Biobank Participants
Authors: Pottinger Tess D. , Puckelwartz Megan J. , Pesce Lorenzo L. , Robinson Avery , Kearns Samuel , Pacheco Jennifer A. , Rasmussen‐Torvik Laura J. , Smith Maureen E. , Chisholm Rex , McNally Elizabeth M.
Published: February 2020

Background

Genome sequencing coupled with electronic heath record data can uncover medically important genetic variation. Interpretation of rare genetic variation and its role in mediating cardiovascular phenotypes is confounded by variants of uncertain significance.

Methods and Results

We analyzed the whole genome sequence of 900 racially and ethnically diverse biobank participants selected from a single
US
center. Participants were equally divided among European, African, Hispanic, and mixed races/ethnicities. We evaluated the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics medically actionable list of 59 genes, focusing on the cardiac genes. Variation was interpreted using the most recent reports in ClinVar, a database of medically relevant human variation. We identified 19 individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in cardiac actionable genes (2%) and found evidence of related clinical correlates in the electronic health record. Participants of African ancestry, compared with those of European ancestry, had more variants of uncertain significance in the medically actionable genes including the 30 cardiac actionable genes, even when normalized to total variant count per person. Longitudinal measures of left ventricle size from ≈400 biobank participants (1723 patient‐years) were correlated with genetic findings. The presence of ≥1 uncertain variant in the actionable cardiac genes and a cardiomyopathy diagnosis correlated with increased left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and in systole. In particular,

MYBPC
3

was identified as a gene with excess variants of uncertain significance.

Conclusions

These data indicate that a subset of uncertain genetic variants may confer risk and should not be considered benign.
The role of node dynamics in shaping emergent functional connectivity patterns in the brain
Authors: Forrester Michael , Crofts Jonathan J. , Sotiropoulos Stamatios N. , Coombes Stephen , O’Dea Reuben D.
Published: February 2020

The contribution of structural connectivity to functional brain states remains poorly understood. We present a mathematical and computational study suited to assess the structure–function issue, treating a system of Jansen–Rit neural mass nodes with heterogeneous structural connections estimated from diffusion MRI data provided by the Human Connectome Project. Via direct simulations we determine the similarity of functional (inferred from correlated activity between nodes) and structural connectivity matrices under variation of the parameters controlling single-node dynamics, highlighting a nontrivial structure–function relationship in regimes that support limit cycle oscillations. To determine their relationship, we firstly calculate network instabilities giving rise to oscillations, and the so-called ‘false bifurcations’ (for which a significant qualitative change in the orbit is observed, without a change of stability) occurring beyond this onset. We highlight that functional connectivity (FC) is inherited robustly from structure when node dynamics are poised near a Hopf bifurcation, whilst near false bifurcations, and structure only weakly influences FC. Secondly, we develop a weakly coupled oscillator description to analyse oscillatory phase-locked states and, furthermore, show how the modular structure of FC matrices can be predicted via linear stability analysis. This study thereby emphasises the substantial role that local dynamics can have in shaping large-scale functional brain states.
Pedicularis khoiyangii (Orobanchaceae), a new species from the Eastern Himalaya, India

Authors: BORAH DIPANKAR , GAP NEELAM , SINGH RAJEEV KUMAR
Published: February 2020

Pedicularis khoiyangii D.Borah & R.Kr.Singh, is described as a new species from the Eastern Himalaya, India. The new species belongs to Pedicularis series Rudes Prain and is closely related to P. prainiana Maximowicz, but differs by its larger size, longer inflorescence, distal bracts ovate, shorter pedicels, smaller calyx, densely silky villous nature, calyx teeth shorter with entire margins, equal, smaller corolla tube, shortly beaked galea, tip slightly emarginate, labium as long as galea, lobes unequal, stamens inserted at the base of corolla tube, style projecting out of the galea. This is the tallest species of Pedicularis recorded so far from India.