bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levantamento de sistema de produção, problemas e demandas da agropecuária do estado de Mato Grosso pela sondagem rápida
Authors: Ramos Maria José Mota , Vital Antônio Rocha
Published: September 2016

A necessidade de se atender a demanda e ao mesmo tempo programar e executar ações de pesquisa, extensão rural e fomento de acordo com as reais necessidades do produtor rural são fundamentais para a integração das atividades da agropecuária. Para o levantamento de sistema de produção existem várias metodologias, mas, de maneira geral, demandam tempo e um custo maior para sua execução. Assim é que neste trabalho utilizou-se o diagnóstico rápido para levantar os sistemas de produção, problemas e demandas da agropecuária do estado de Mato Grosso na área de abrangência do PRODEAGRO (Programa de desenvolvimento agroambiental do Mato Grosso). O diagnóstico foi realizado em julho /agosto de 1994, em pequenas propriedades, nas regiões abrangidas pelo PRODEAGRO: Barra do Garças , Cáceres, Médio Norte , Barra do Bugres e Rondonópolis ,em Mato Grosso. Foram aplicados 173 questionários em 39 municípios com uma média de 4,4 questionários por município. Com exceção do médio norte as propriedades possuem de 1 a 99 ha classificados como pequenas propriedades e neste caso a pecuária é a principal fonte de renda. Os maiores problemas da pecuária são a cigarrinha das pastagens e o cupim e do sistema de cultura é o manejo do solo sendo necessárias ações de pesquisa, assistência técnica e extensão.
ÁGUA TRATADA MAGNETICAMENTE ESTIMULA A GERMINAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Solanum lycopersicum L.
Authors: González Aguilera Jorge , Martín Martín Roberqui
Published: September 2016

Produção de tomate nos últimos anos tem sido favorecida por inovadores sistemas de produção intensiva, incluindo o destaque da produção em casas de cultivo protegido. Na atualidade, nestes sistemas é necessário encontrar soluções que permitam eliminar o uso de fertilizantes inorgânicos, bem como medidas para promover a produção de hortaliças orgânicas de baixos insumos. Neste estudo avaliamos o efeito da irrigação com água tratada magneticamente no processo de germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate do híbrido FA-516 em condições de cultivo protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições de 20 plantas cada, empregando dois tratamentos um irrigado com água comum (AC) e com água tratada magneticamente (AT). O tratamento magnético à água de irrigação foi realizado ao empregar um magnetizador de 1200 Gaus de indução magnética. Foi avaliada a porcentagem de germinação (PG), altura da planta (AP), diâmetro do caule (DC) e número de folhas (NF) emergidas por planta. O analises dos dados coletados neste estudo sugerem os efeitos positivos da AT ao observar diferenças significativas (P<0,05) para o tratamento magnético comparado ao grupo controle sem tratamento (AC). Em geral o tratamento magnético à água de irrigação resultou em uma aceleração da PG 36% a mais, estimulação da AP em um 97% a mais, 12% a mais para o DC e 5% para o NF verdadeiras, além de derivar em economia de tempo. Embora os resultados deste estudo são interessantes para a face de germinação e desenvolvimento de mudas, o potencial do tratamento magnético da água de irrigação para a produção agrícola precisa ser testado em condições de campo para demonstrar claramente seus efeitos benéficos sobre o rendimento e a produtividade das culturas e da otimização da água de irrigação.
Exploring Climate‐Smart Land Management for Atlantic Europe
Authors: Schulte Rogier P. O. , O’Sullivan Lilian , Coyle Cait , Farrelly Niall , Gutzler Carsten , Lanigan Gary , Torres‐Sallan Gemma , Creamer Rachel E.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

Managing soil organic carbon is an essential aspect of climate‐smart agriculture.

Combining component research, we derive a soil carbon management concept for Ireland.

Optimized soil carbon management is differentiated in accordance with soil type.

Existing policy tools can be tailored to incentivize climate‐smart land management.

Soils can be a sink or source of carbon, and managing soil carbon has significant potential to partially offset agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. While European Union (EU) member states have not been permitted to account for this offsetting potential in their efforts to meet the EU 2020 reduction targets, this policy is now changing for the period 2020 to 2030, creating a demand for land management plans aimed at maximizing the offsetting potential of land. In this letter, we derive a framework for climate‐smart land management in the Atlantic climate zone of the EU by combining the results from five component research studies on various aspects of the carbon cycle. We show that the options for proactive management of soil organic carbon differ according to soil type and that a spatially tailored approach to land management will be more effective than blanket policies.
Dissipation of Antimicrobials in a Seasonally Frozen Soil after Beef Cattle Manure Application
Authors: Amarakoon Inoka D. , Surac Srinivas , Zvomuya Francis , Cessna Allan J. , Larney Francis J. , McAllister Tim A.
Published: September 2016

Land application of manure containing antimicrobials results in the dispersion of the antimicrobials in agro‐ecosystems. Dissipation of excreted antimicrobials in seasonally frozen agricultural soils has not been fully characterized under field conditions. This study investigated the field dissipation kinetics of chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and tylosin over a 10‐mo period after fall application of manure from cattle (Bos taurus) administered 44 mg chlortetracycline (chlortetracycline treatment [CTC]), 44 mg each of chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine (CTCSMZ), or 11 mg tylosin per kg feed daily. Antimicrobial concentrations in manured soil reflected the same relative concentrations in manure: chlortetracycline > sulfamethazine > tylosin. The first‐order dissipation half‐life (DT50) for chlortetracycline from the CTCSMZ treatment was 77 d during the growing season and 648 d during the nongrowing season when the soil was frozen for an extended period. By comparison, dissipation of chlortetracycline added alone (treatment CTC) did not differ significantly between the two seasons (mean DT50, 121 d). During the nongrowing season, chlortetracycline from CTC dissipated faster (P = 0.004) than that from the CTCSMZ treatment, indicating that the presence of sulfamethazine may have altered the dissipation of chlortetracycline. Dissipation kinetics for sulfamethazine and tylosin were not determined due to low detection in the manure‐amended soil. Sulfamethazine was detected (up to 16 ± 10 µg kg−1) throughout the 10‐mo monitoring period. Tylosin concentration was ≤11 ± 6.6 µg kg−1 and gradually dissipated. Chlortetracycline was detectable 10 mo after application in the seasonally frozen soil, indicating a risk for residue build‐up in the soil and subsequent offsite contamination.

Core Ideas

Manure application can disperse antimicrobials in the environment.

Chlortetracycline dissipation followed first‐order kinetics.

Seasonal effects on chlortetracycline dissipation varied with the source of the antimicrobial.

The presence of sulfamethazine slowed down the dissipation of chlortetracycline.

Concentrations of tylosin and sulfamethazine in manured soil were low.
Analyses of Combining Ability and Genotype‐By‐Environment Interaction of Quality Protein Maize Inbred Lines Adapted to Tropical‐Highlands
Authors: Abakemal Demissew , Shimelis Hussein , Derera John
Published: September 2016

Production of quality protein maize (Zea mays L., QPM) is an economic and sustainable approach that can help to alleviate protein deficiency in developing countries. However, QPM cultivars with high grain yield and wide adaptation to the tropical‐highland subhumid maize agroecologies are yet to be developed and released for farmers. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to determine the magnitude of heterosis and combining ability of elite QPM inbred lines and to establish the genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GEI) of experimental hybrids for cultivar development and recommendation. Twelve parent half‐diallel crosses were produced, and 66 experimental hybrids were developed. The hybrids and two commercial hybrid checks were evaluated under the rainfed conditions of six tropical highland environments using an α lattice (0, 1) design during 2012 and 2013. Significant GEI was observed both in per se performances and genetic analyses. Inbred lines such as KIT32, FS60 and 142–1‐EQ were good general combiners for grain yield. Inbred line FS60 exhibited good general combining ability for reduced days to anthesis and desirable plant and ear height. Inbred line FS60 is genetically complementary to KIT32 and 142–1‐EQ and is useful for QPM hybrid cultivar development. The best hybrids identified through both combining ability and GEI analyses were KIT32 × 142–1‐EQ and 142–1‐EQ × CML144, yielding 10.3 Mg ha−1 and 9.6 Mg ha−1, respectively, across variable environments. These hybrids could be used as potential QPM single‐cross testers for three‐way hybrid cultivar development targeting tropical‐highland agroecologies.
Diversity of Response to Drought in a Collection of Lines of Medicago truncatula, M. ciliaris, and M. polymorpha
Authors: Badri Mounawer , Toumi Ghazoua , Mahfoudh Saoussen , Hessini Kamel , Abdelguerfi‐Laouar Meriem , Abdelguerfi Aissa , Aouani Mohamed Elarbi , Abdelly Chedly , Djébali Naceur
Published: September 2016

In this study, we investigated variation for tolerance to water deficit in 47 lines of Medicago truncatula Gaertn., M. ciliaris (L.) All., and M. polymorpha L. collected from different ecogeographic regions in Tunisia. Plants were cultivated in the greenhouse under 100 and 30% of field capacity and they were harvested at the flowering stage. Nineteen morphophysiological parameters were measured for each species. Our results showed that variation of parameters were explained by the effects of species, line within species, treatment, species × treatment interaction, and treatment × line within species interaction. Drought treatment explained the most variance for the measured parameters. Of the 19 traits, 12 showed significant differences for tolerance to water deficit between M. truncatula, M. ciliaris, and M. polymorpha. M. ciliaris was the latest‐flowering and it exhibits the highest biomass under both treatments. High broad‐sense heritabilities (H2) were noted for most of parameters under control treatment and drought stress. Positive correlations were found between transpiration rate (E) and aerial and root fresh weights, and between photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs), and between relative water content and number of nodules. Studied lines formed five groups based on drought response indices (DRI). A first group is formed by 23 most tolerant lines, a second group and a fourth group are constituted by 17 moderately affected lines, and a third group and a fifth group have 8 sensitive lines. Tolerant lines of three species can be good candidates in future breeding programs.
Ennanga harp songs of Buganda: Temutewo Mukasa's "gganga alula"
Authors: Cooke Andrew , Micklem James
Published: September 2016

For generations up until 1966, the Kabakas (kings) of Buganda in Uganda employed up to fifty musicians to entertain at the palace each day. During the time of Muteesa II, separate ensembles of flutes, trumpets, strings, tuned drums and xylophones played twice daily in the royal enclosure for the Kabaka (P. Cooke 1996). Perhaps the most privileged musician was the omulanga (royal harpist), who was the only musician allowed to enter the inner chambers of the palace. Ganda harpists of the past were renowned for their skill and their ability in composing new songs. Much of the repertory performed by the royal musicians is said to have been composed by harpists. Fortunately, Klaus Wachsmann and Hugh Tracey recorded the last great Ganda harpist, Temutewo Mukasa, in the 1940s and 1950s.
The evolution of urban music in Democratic Republic of Congo during the 2nd and 3rd decades (1975-1995) of the Second Republic-Zaire
Authors: Wa Mukana Kazadi
Published: September 2016

Elsewhere, I argue that the implementation of the quota system in higher education in the 1960s was one of the catalysts for the rise of a large new generation of musicians and musical ensembles in Zaire during the first decade of the Second Republic. In the same source I assert that the musical style of the younger generation of musicians was laden with borrowings of phrasing referents (time-line patterns) and melodic formulae from ethnic music. Unlike the first, the last two decades of the Second Republic, stigmatized by the sagging economy and die decadence of the political structure, sent a series of negative impacts to all facets of the national life, culminating in the closing of the chapter on President Mobutuâ€™s thirty-two year regime (May 20, 1965 through May 17, 1997). The failed attempt by the government to eradicate tribalism reinforced instead ethnic consciousness, whose lasting effect continues to be felt well after the May 17 liberation. While becoming indifferent to the political regime and its leadership, musicians remained faithful to their respective ethnic traditions, and reflected this ethnic awareness in the newly established style. These two realities prevailed during the last two decades of the Second Republic as sources of inspiration as the situation compounded.
Ethnomusiological education for a humane society: ethical issues in the post-colonial, post-apartheid era
Authors: Kartomi Margaret J.
Published: September 2016

In this paper I want initially to discuss some ethical problems which we educators have on the whole somewhat neglected: firstly, ethical issues that need to be incorporated into the education of students of the traditional and popular musics of the world at the secondary and tertiary level in this post-colonial and post-apartheid era, and secondly, the related ethical issues affecting the work of ethnomusicologists as they study and record the musics of traditional communities throughout the world, and especially the recent transformation of field recordings made by ethnomusicologists and others into the commercial product which we know as 'world music', or music that is, or is claimed to be, based on traditional music but has been adapted to a popular musical idiom and has thereby been made 'palatable' for commercial exploitation.
On teaching Americans to play mbira like Zimbabweans
Authors: Azim Erica
Published: September 2016

In teaching the 1,000-year old Shona mbira tradition of Zimbabwe, I have discovered that Western students have great difficulty in learning to hear mbira music in a Shona way. Though Western students are able to learn to play basic traditional parts, it often takes them years to master the more difficult cross-cultural aspects of the music, including the style of improvisation. Improvising in a Shona way is dependent upon hearing in a Shona way.
Africa and Indonesia reconsidered
Authors: Nurse George T.
Published: September 2016

In 1964 the late Dr A. M. Jones published a book entitled Africa and Indonesia: the evidence of the xylophone and other musical and cultural factors, in which he set out a quantity of data which he considered in sum to constitute evidence for cultural and social contact between Africa and Indonesia at a period well before the heyday of Portuguese exploration. Not all of his points had to do with music, but to his case music was central and pre-eminent and the musical and musicological arguments he presented were detailed enough to carry a great deal of conviction.
Films on African music
Authors: Tracey Andrew , Zantzinger Gei
Published: September 2016

"Mgodo wa Mkandeni"; "Mgodo wa Mbanguzi"; "The Chopi timbila dance"; "Mbira: the technique of the mbira dza vadzimu with Ephat Mujuru"; "Mbira: mbira dza vadzimu: religion at the family level with Gwanzura Gwenzi"; "Mbira: mbira dza vadzimu: urban and rural ceremonies with Hakurotwi Mude"; "Mbira: mbira dza vadzimu: Dambatsoko, an old cult centre with Muchatera and Ephat Mujuru"; "Mbira: Njari: Karanga songs in Christian ceremonies with Simon Mashoko"; "Mbira: Njari: Matepe dza mhondoro: a healing party"; "Ndando ya wusiwana"; "A spirit here today"; "Songs of the adventurers"; "Songs of the Badius"; "Dances of Southern Africa"
De Sandino a los contras. Formas y prácticas de la guerra en Nicaragua
Authors: Bataillon Gilles
Published: September 2016

¿Cómo interpretar las guerras civiles –Somoza/sandinistas; sandinistas/contras– en la trinchera de Nicaragua entre 1978 y 1987? Mientras que la mayor parte de los análisis destacan los “bloqueos” sociopolíticos internos y el rol de las intervenciones extranjeras, se analiza aquí dichas guerras, inscribiéndolas en un continuo junto a los otros enfrentamientos armados que marcaron el siglo XX nicaragüense. Anclar estas dos guerras dentro del “tiempo largo” de la violencia nicaragüense permite enseguida comprender cómo, a lo largo de todo el siglo, la violencia fue una modalidad de acción legítima y codificada, y cómo ésta permitió al mismo tiempo el surgimiento de nuevos actores sociopolíticos y, también, su legítimo acceso a los recursos económicos. Se describe después cuáles fueron las formas de estructuración interna de dichos actores y, en seguida, la “cultura política” en que se inscribió esta sucesión de acciones bélicas. Se interroga finalmente sobre el vuelco ocurrido al término de la confrontación entre contras y sandinistas a partir del mandato de Violeta Barrios de Chamorro.
De la guerra a sus memorias: Surgimiento de una profesión militante y recomposición de los revolucionarios (Nicaragua-El Salvador, 1992-2009)
Authors: Moallic Benjamin
Published: September 2016

¿Cómo analizar la multiplicación de museos, de lugares de memoria, de testimonios y conmemoraciones de las experiencias revolucionarias en América Central? Resultado de oportunidades nuevas, ese trabajo de memoria ha sido vinculado al principio con las estrategias de reconversión de los actores político-militares. Profesionalizándose poco a poco, ese trabajo de memoria llevó a la constitución de un personal político nuevo. Con el regreso de los antiguos revolucionarios al poder desde el 2006, la memoria se volvía central en las luchas entre grupos de izquierda.
Comentario al artículo Participación política y electoral en las democracias de América Central a inicios del siglo XXI
Authors: Murga Armas Jorge
Published: September 2016

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Dimes y diretes: polémicas sobre la práctica arqueológica en México
Authors: López Hernández Haydée , Pruneda Gallegos Elvira
Published: September 2016

En este trabajo se exploran brevemente algunas de las propuestas arqueológicas de las primeras tres décadas del siglo xx, destacando los principales debates ocurridos alrededor de las exploraciones de Teotihuacán. Se muestra que si bien las deliberaciones traslucen las pugnas entre personajes, proyectos e instituciones, también permiten vislumbrar el mosaico de propuestas de trabajo de cada uno de los actores, así como sus diferentes formaciones y tradiciones. La falta de consenso permite, a la vez, observar el proceso de construcción de la disciplina arqueológica, tratando de escapar de aquellas interpretaciones que consideran que el método estratigráfico introducido por Franz Boas fue el parteaguas para alcanzar la cientificidad de la arqueología.
Música, migración y redes sociales digitales en tres comunidades mexicanas
Authors: Olvera José Juan , Zarazúa José Carlos , Velasco Rodríguez Heydi , Castro Yenifer Ruth
Published: September 2016

Este artículo describe las culturas musicales ligadas a 572 videos subidos a YouTube por habitantes de tres pequeñas comunidades mexicanas con presencia de migración internacional, ubicadas en los estados de Sinaloa, Querétaro y Zacatecas. El acercamiento a las culturas musicales se realiza a través del análisis de contenido y por medio de un sistema clasificatorio construido a través de matrices de culturas musicales que aquí se proponen. El texto también se cuestiona sobre la relación entre música y migración, y sobre el papel que está cumpliendo YouTube y otras redes sociales digitales en la construcción de la identidad y la cultura de los migrantes internacionales. Al final se reflexiona sobre el significado de la hegemonía que mantiene la matriz “rural-urbana” de culturas musicales sobre las tres poblaciones estudiadas.
Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of Ni(II) ions sorption on sulfuric acid treated Lagenaria vulgaris shell
Authors: Bojic Danijela , Nikolic Goran , Mitrovic Jelena , Radovic Miljana , Petrovic Milica , Markovic Dragana , Bojic Aleksandar
Published: September 2016

Chemically modified Lagenaria vulgaris shell (ccLVB) was tested as a new
sorbent for the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution, in batch conditions.
The sorption process was very fast reaching equilibrium in about 20 min.
Ni(II) sorption is almost invariant in the pH range from 3 to 6. Sorption
kinetics followed pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and Chrastil?s
models, which suggest that both surface reaction and diffusion were the
rate-limiting steps. Equilibria experimental results are well fitted by
Langmuir and Temkin sorption isotherm models, indicating mixed adsorption
process. The maximum biosorption capacity of ccLVB for Ni(II) was found to be
84.51 mg g-1. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the
biosorption of nickel on ccLVB was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic at
25-45?C. The desorption experiments showed that the ccLVB could be reused for
five cycles without significant loss in sorption capacity. Release of Na+
ions from the biosorbent during sorption of Ni(II) reveals that the main
sorption mechanism is ion exchange. Presented study suggests that ccLVB can
be used effectively for the removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution.
Topical Prostaglandin E Analog Restores Defective Dendritic Cell–Mediated Th17 Host Defense Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Skin of Diabetic Mice
Authors: Dejani Naiara N. , Brandt Stephanie L. , Piñeros Annie , Glosson-Byers Nicole L. , Wang Sue , Son Young Min , Medeiros Alexandra I. , Serezani C. Henrique
Published: September 2016

People with diabetes are more prone to Staphylococcus aureus skin infection than healthy individuals. Control of S. aureus infection depends on dendritic cell (DC)–induced T-helper 17 (Th17)–mediated neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance. DC ingestion of infected apoptotic cells (IACs) drive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion to generate Th17 cells. We speculated that hyperglycemia inhibits skin DC migration to the lymph nodes and impairs the Th17 differentiation that accounts for poor skin host defense in diabetic mice. Diabetic mice showed increased skin lesion size and bacterial load and decreased PGE2 secretion and Th17 cells compared with nondiabetic mice after methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection. Bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) cultured in high glucose (25 mmol/L) exhibited decreased Ptges mRNA expression, PGE2 production, lower CCR7-dependent DC migration, and diminished maturation after recognition of MRSA-IACs than BMDCs cultured in low glucose (5 mmol/L). Similar events were observed in DCs from diabetic mice infected with MRSA. Topical treatment of diabetic mice with the PGE analog misoprostol improved host defense against MRSA skin infection by restoring DC migration to draining lymph nodes, Th17 differentiation, and increased antimicrobial peptide expression. These findings identify a novel mechanism involved in poor skin host defense in diabetes and propose a targeted strategy to restore skin host defense in diabetes.
Validation of the Nasal Mucus Index, a Novel Measurement of Acute Respiratory Infection Severity
Authors: Dorresteijn Paul M. , Muller Daniel , Xie Yaoguo , Zhang Zhengjun , Barrett Bruce P.
Published: September 2016

Background

To assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the Nasal Mucus Index (NMI), a novel measurement of acute respiratory infection (ARI) severity.

Objective

ARI, including the common cold and influenza, imposes a great burden on individuals and society. Previous research has attempted to assess the severity of ARI with self-reported and laboratory-based measurements. Self-reported measurements may introduce bias. Laboratory-based metrics are often expensive. Therefore, there is a need for non-self-reported, affordable, and validated ARI severity tests.

Methods

Participants (N = 719) with an ARI episode underwent nasal lavage on days 1 and 3. The samples were visually assessed for the amount of mucus present in the sample and were given a subsequent NMI score. Collected samples were further assessed for interleukin (IL) 8 values (in pg/mL) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) per high-power field. The participants rated episode severity and nasal symptoms daily by using the validated Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 (WURSS-21). A subset of nasal symptoms was used as an additional comparator. NMI scores were compared with same-day IL-8 level, PMN count, and WURSS-21 scores for concurrent validation purposes by using the Spearman ρ as the index of correlation. NMI scores were correlated with overall episode severity measurements to assess predictive validity. Overall episode severity was measured as the WURSS-21 area under the curve, nasal symptoms area under the curve, and episode duration.

Results

The NMI score correlated significantly with the same-day IL-8 level (ρ = 0.443, p < 0.001), PMN count (ρ = 0.498, p < 0.001), WURSS-21 score (ρ = 0.098, p = 0.004), and nasal symptom score (ρ = 0.162, p < 0.001). No significant predictive correlations were found.

Conclusion

Associations with inflammatory biomarkers and self-reported severity measurements provided evidence of concurrent validity for the novel NMI score. The NMI can be used in future research as a simple, inexpensive, non-self-reported indicator of ARI severity.
Lymphoma of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses: A Case Series
Authors: Steele Toby O. , Buniel Maria C. , Mace Jess C. , El Rassi Edward , Smith Timothy L.
Published: September 2016

Background

Lymphomas of the sinonasal tract are a rare and heterogeneous subset of solid sinonasal neoplasms.

Objective

To characterize, in this case series, presenting symptoms, treatment modalities, and outcomes for patients with sinonasal lymphoma within a single institution.

Methods

Retrospective patient data were collected from an academic, oncologic center and entered into a repository designed to capture outcomes for sinonasal malignancies. Patient demographics, presenting symptoms, imaging findings, treatment modalities, and health status were retrospectively extrapolated and evaluated by using Kaplan-Meier estimations for survival probability.

Results

Patients with sinonasal lymphoma with a mean follow-up of 50 months were identified (n = 18). Histologic diagnosis included the following: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 9), natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (n = 5), follicular lymphoma (n = 1), T-cell lymphoma (n = 1), and lymphoma-not otherwise specified (n = 2). The most frequent presenting symptoms were nasal obstruction (78%), facial pain (72%), facial swelling (50%), and nasal discharge (44%). Treatment before lymphoma diagnosis included antibiotics (83%), oral steroids (22%), decongestants (22%), and topical steroids (11%). Treatment regimens after diagnosis included both chemotherapy (94%) and chemoradiotherapy (56%). Survival rates by lymphoma subtype were 56% for B-cell lymphoma and 40% for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Overall, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 67% and 50%, respectively. The combination of chemotherapy and radiation resulted in significantly higher survival rates (p ≤ 0.001) than chemotherapy alone.

Conclusion

Sinonasal lymphomas are characterized by meager survival rates, which differ by histopathologic subtype. The diagnosis of sinonasal lymphoma is challenging because symptoms frequently parallel those of chronic rhinosinusitis. Increased awareness of these rare malignancies may improve detection and more timely treatment. Clinical trial registration NCT01332136.
Impact of Breathing Patterns on the Quality of Life of 9- to 10-year-old Schoolchildren
Authors: Leal Rossana B. , Gomes Monalisa C. , Granville-Garcia Ana F. , Goes Paulo S.A. , de Menezes Valdenice A.
Published: September 2016

Background

Mouth breathing can cause a set of changes in craniofacial growth and development, with esthetic, functional, and psychological repercussions.

Objective

To determine the impact of mouth breathing on the quality of life of schoolchildren.

Methods

A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1911 children ages 9 and 10 years in the city of Recife, Brazil. The children answered the Mouth Breather Quality of Life questionnaire and a questionnaire that addressed sociodemographic data and health-related aspects. Clinical examinations were performed by an examiner who had undergone a training and calibration process for the diagnosis of mouth breathing (kappa = 0.90). Descriptive statistics were conducted to characterize the sample. Statistical analysis involved the Student's t-test and the F test (analysis of variance) (alpha = 5%).

Results

The prevalence of mouth breathing was 54.81%. Children with oral breathing demonstrated a poorer quality of life in comparison with children with nasal breathing (p < 0.001). The following variables were significantly associated with a poorer quality of life among the children with mouth breathing: a younger age (p < 0.001) and the use of medication (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Based on the present findings, children with the mouth-breathing pattern experience a greater negative impact on quality of life in comparison with those with the nose-breathing pattern. Thus, the early diagnosis and treatment of this clinical condition are fundamental to minimizing the consequences of mouth breathing on the quality of life of schoolchildren with respiration disorders.
Experimental investigation of the susceptibility of Italian Culex pipiens mosquitoes to Zika virus infection
Authors: Boccolini Daniela , Toma Luciano , Di Luca Marco , Severini Francesco , Romi R , Remoli Maria Elena , Sabbatucci Michela , Venturi Giulietta , Rezza Giovanni , Fortuna Claudia
Published: September 2016

We investigated the susceptibility of an Italian population of Culex pipiens mosquitoes to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, tested in parallel with Aedes aegypti, as a positive control. We analysed mosquitoes at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 20 and 24 days after an infectious blood meal. Viral RNA was detected in the body of Cx. pipiens up to three days post-infection, but not at later time points. Our results indicate that Cx. pipiens is not susceptible to ZIKV infection.
Isolation of H5N6, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza A viruses from air sampled at live poultry markets in China, 2014 and 2015
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wu Jie , Zeng Xianqiao , Huang Guofeng , Zou Lirong , Song Yingchao , Gopinath Divya , Zhang Xin , Kang Min , Lin Jinyan , Cowling Benjamin J , Lindsley William G. , Ke Changwen , Peiris Joseph Sriyal Malik , Yen Hui-Ling
Published: September 2016

Zoonotic infections by avian influenza viruses occur at the human–poultry interface, but the modes of transmission have not been fully investigated. We assessed the potential for airborne and fomite transmission at live poultry markets in Guangzhou city and in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China, during 2014 and 2015. Viral genome and infectious avian influenza A viruses of H5N6, H7N9, and H9N2 subtypes were detected predominantly from particles larger or equal to 1 μm in diameter in the air sampled with cyclone-based bioaerosol samplers at the live poultry markets in Guangzhou. Influenza A(H9N2) viruses were ubiquitously isolated every month during the study period from air and environmental swabs, and different lineages of H9N2 virus were isolated from markets where chickens and minor land-based poultry were sold. The use of de-feathering devices increased the quantity of virus-laden airborne particles while market closure reduced the amount of such particles. The results highlight the possibility of airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses among poultry or from poultry to humans within such settings. This may explain epidemiological observations in which some patients with H7N9 infection reported being in markets but no direct contact with live poultry or poultry stalls.
Molecular Structure, Spectroscopic and DFT Computational Studies of Arylidene-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
Authors: Barakat Assem , Soliman Saied , Ghabbour Hazem , Ali M. , Al-Majid Abdullah , Shahidul Islam Mohammad , Ghfar Ayman
Published: September 2016

Reaction of barbituric acid derivatives and di-substituted benzaldehyde in water afforded arylidene-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione derivatives (1 and 2). The one step reaction proceeded efficiently, smoothly, and in excellent yield. The arylidene compounds were characterized by spectrophotometric tools plus X-ray single crystal diffraction technique. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using the DFT/B3LYP method to optimize the structure of the two isomers (1 and 2) in the gas phase. The optimized structures were found to agree well with the experimental X-ray structure data. The highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) frontier molecular orbitals analyses were performed and the atomic charges were calculated using natural populationanalysis.
Solution of Higher Order Nonlinear Time-Fractional Reaction Diffusion Equation
Authors: Tripathi Neeraj , Das Subir , Ong Seng , Jafari Hossein , Al Qurashi Maysaa
Published: September 2016

The approximate analytical solution of fractional order, nonlinear, reaction differential equations, namely the nonlinear diffusion equations, with a given initial condition, is obtained by using the homotopy analysis method. As a demonstration of a good mathematical model, the present article gives graphical presentations of the effect of the reaction terms on the solution profile for various anomalous exponents of particular cases, to predict damping of the field variable. Numerical computations of the convergence control parameter, used to evaluate the convergence of approximate series solution through minimizing error, are also presented graphically for these cases.
Short Term Electrical Load Forecasting Using Mutual Information Based Feature Selection with Generalized Minimum-Redundancy and Maximum-Relevance Criteria
Authors: Huang Nantian , Hu Zhiqiang , Cai Guowei , Yang Dongfeng
Published: September 2016

A feature selection method based on the generalized minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (G-mRMR) is proposed to improve the accuracy of short-term load forecasting (STLF). First, mutual information is calculated to analyze the relations between the original features and the load sequence, as well as the redundancy among the original features. Second, a weighting factor selected by statistical experiments is used to balance the relevance and redundancy of features when using the G-mRMR. Third, each feature is ranked in a descending order according to its relevance and redundancy as computed by G-mRMR. A sequential forward selection method is utilized for choosing the optimal subset. Finally, a STLF predictor is constructed based on random forest with the obtained optimal subset. The effectiveness and improvement of the proposed method was tested with actual load data.
Network Entropies of the Chinese Financial Market
Authors: Li Shouwei , He Jianmin , Song Kai
Published: September 2016

Based on the data from the Chinese financial market, this paper focuses on analyzing three types of network entropies of the financial market, namely, Shannon, Renyi and Tsallis entropies. The findings suggest that Shannon entropy can reflect the volatility of the financial market, that Renyi and Tsallis entropies also have this function when their parameter has a positive value, and that Renyi and Tsallis entropies can reflect the extreme case of the financial market when their parameter has a negative value.
Predictive Modeling of a Paradigm Mechanical Cooling Tower: I. Adjoint Sensitivity Model
Authors: Cacuci Dan , Fang Ruixian
Published: September 2016

Cooling towers discharge waste heat from an industrial process into the atmosphere, and are essential for the functioning of large energy-producing plants, including nuclear reactors. Using a numerical simulation model of the cooling tower together with measurements of outlet air relative humidity, outlet air and water temperatures enables the quantification of the rate of thermal energy dissipation removed from the respective process. The computed quantities depend on many model parameters including correlations, boundary conditions, material properties, etc. Changes in these model parameters will induce changes in the computed quantities of interest (called “model responses”). These changes are quantified by the functional derivatives (called “sensitivities”) of the model responses with respect to the model parameters. These sensitivities are computed in this work by applying the general Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology (ASAM) for nonlinear systems. These sensitivities are needed for: (i) ranking the parameters in their importance to contributing to response uncertainties; (ii) propagating the uncertainties (covariances) in these model parameters to quantify the uncertainties (covariances) in the model responses; (iii) performing predictive modeling, including assimilation of experimental measurements and calibration of model parameters to produce optimal predicted quantities (both model parameters and responses) with reduced predicted uncertainties.
Performance Assessment of a Solar-Assisted Desiccant-Based Air Handling Unit Considering Different Scenarios
Authors: Angrisani Giovanni , Roselli Carlo , Sasso Maurizio , Tariello Francesco , Vanoli Giuseppe
Published: September 2016

In this paper, three alternative layouts (scenarios) of an innovative solar-assisted hybrid desiccant-based air handling unit (AHU) are investigated through dynamic simulations. Performance is evaluated with respect to a reference system and compared to those of the innovative plant without modifications. For each scenario, different collector types, surfaces and tilt angles are considered. The effect of the solar thermal energy surplus exploitation for other low-temperature uses is also investigated. The first alternative scenario consists of the recovery of the heat rejected by the condenser of the chiller to pre-heat the regeneration air. The second scenario considers the pre-heating of regeneration air with the warmer regeneration air exiting the desiccant wheel (DW). The last scenario provides pre-cooling of the process air before entering the DW. Results reveal that the plants with evacuated solar collectors (SC) can ensure primary energy savings (15%–24%) and avoid equivalent CO2 emissions (14%–22%), about 10 percentage points more than those with flat-plate collectors, when the solar thermal energy is used only for air conditioning and the collectors have the best tilt angle. If all of the solar thermal energy is considered, the best results with evacuated tube collectors are approximately 73% in terms of primary energy saving, 71% in terms of avoided equivalent CO2 emissions and a payback period of six years.
Year Ahead Demand Forecast of City Natural Gas Using Seasonal Time Series Methods
Authors: Akpinar Mustafa , Yumusak Nejat
Published: September 2016

Consumption of natural gas, a major clean energy source, increases as energy demand increases. We studied specifically the Turkish natural gas market. Turkey’s natural gas consumption increased as well in parallel with the world‘s over the last decade. This consumption growth in Turkey has led to the formation of a market structure for the natural gas industry. This significant increase requires additional investments since a rise in consumption capacity is expected. One of the reasons for the consumption increase is the user-based natural gas consumption influence. This effect yields imbalances in demand forecasts and if the error rates are out of bounds, penalties may occur. In this paper, three univariate statistical methods, which have not been previously investigated for mid-term year-ahead monthly natural gas forecasting, are used to forecast natural gas demand in Turkey’s Sakarya province. Residential and low-consumption commercial data is used, which may contain seasonality. The goal of this paper is minimizing more or less gas tractions on mid-term consumption while improving the accuracy of demand forecasting. In forecasting models, seasonality and single variable impacts reinforce forecasts. This paper studies time series decomposition, Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methods. Here, 2011–2014 monthly data were prepared and divided into two series. The first series is 2011–2013 monthly data used for finding seasonal effects and model requirements. The second series is 2014 monthly data used for forecasting. For the ARIMA method, a stationary series was prepared and transformation process prior to forecasting was done. Forecasting results confirmed that as the computation complexity of the model increases, forecasting accuracy increases with lower error rates. Also, forecasting errors and the coefficients of determination values give more consistent results. Consequently, when there is only consumption data in hand, all methods provide satisfying results and the differences between each method is very low. If a statistical software tool is not used, time series decomposition, the most primitive method, or Winters exponential smoothing requiring little mathematical knowledge for natural gas demand forecasting can be used with spreadsheet software. A statistical software tool containing ARIMA will obtain the best results.
Breads Fortified with Freeze-Dried Vegetables: Quality and Nutritional Attributes. Part II: Breads Not Containing Oil as an Ingredient
Authors: Ranawana Viren , Campbell Fiona , Bestwick Charles , Nicol Phyllis , Milne Lesley , Duthie Garry , Raikos Vassilios
Published: September 2016

The present article describes the second part of a study investigating the effect of adding vegetables on the nutritional, physico-chemical, and oxidative properties of wheat bread, and specifically focuses on bread that does not contain oil as an added ingredient. Wheat flour breads fortified with freeze-dried carrot, tomato, beetroot or broccoli were developed and assessed for their nutritional composition, antioxidant potential, oxidative stability, and storage properties. Using a simulated in vitro model, the study also examined the impact of vegetable addition on the oxidative stability of macronutrients during gastro-intestinal digestion. Adding vegetables improved the nutritional and functional attributes of the oil-free breads. However, they demonstrated a lower antioxidant potential compared to their oil-containing counterparts. Similarly, the textural and storage properties of the oil-free vegetable breads were poorer compared to the oil-containing breads. As expected, in the absence of oil the oil-free breads were associated with lower lipid oxidation both in their fresh form and during gastro-intestinal digestion. Adding vegetables reduced protein oxidation in the fresh oil-free breads but had no effect during gastro-intestinal digestion. The impact of vegetables on macronutrient oxidation in the oil-free breads during digestion appears to be vegetable-specific with broccoli exacerbating it and the others having no effect. Of the evaluated vegetables, beetroot showed the most promising nutritional and physico-chemical benefits when incorporated into bread that does not contain added oil.
Role of Deficient Mismatch Repair in the Personalized Management of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Cong-Min , Lv Jin-Feng , Gong Liang , Yu Lin-Yu , Chen Xiao-Ping , Zhou Hong-Hao , Fan Lan
Published: September 2016

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common type of cancer in developed countries and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Personalized management of CRC has gained increasing attention since there are large inter-individual variations in the prognosis and response to drugs used to treat CRC owing to molecular heterogeneity. Approximately 15% of CRCs are caused by deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype. The present review is aimed at highlighting the role of MMR status in informing prognosis and personalized treatment of CRC including adjuvant chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to guide the individualized therapy of CRC.
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) and Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) Workshop 2016: Scientific Opportunities and Logistics for Cancer Clinical Trial Incorporation
Authors: Lowes Lori , Bratman Scott , Dittamore Ryan , Done Susan , Kelley Shana , Mai Sabine , Morin Ryan , Wyatt Alexander , Allan Alison
Published: September 2016

Despite the identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as potential blood-based biomarkers capable of providing prognostic and predictive information in cancer, they have not been incorporated into routine clinical practice. This resistance is due in part to technological limitations hampering CTC and cfDNA analysis, as well as a limited understanding of precisely how to interpret emergent biomarkers across various disease stages and tumor types. In recognition of these challenges, a group of researchers and clinicians focused on blood-based biomarker development met at the Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG) Spring Meeting in Toronto, Canada on 29 April 2016 for a workshop discussing novel CTC/cfDNA technologies, interpretation of data obtained from CTCs versus cfDNA, challenges regarding disease evolution and heterogeneity, and logistical considerations for incorporation of CTCs/cfDNA into clinical trials, and ultimately into routine clinical use. The objectives of this workshop included discussion of the current barriers to clinical implementation and recent progress made in the field, as well as fueling meaningful collaborations and partnerships between researchers and clinicians. We anticipate that the considerations highlighted at this workshop will lead to advances in both basic and translational research and will ultimately impact patient management strategies and patient outcomes.
Biased and Unbiased Methods for the Detection of Off-Target Cleavage by CRISPR/Cas9: An Overview
Authors: Martin Francisco , Sánchez-Hernández Sabina , Gutiérrez-Guerrero Alejandra , Pinedo-Gomez Javier , Benabdellah Karim
Published: September 2016

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 endonuclease (Cas9) derived from bacterial adaptive immune systems is a revolutionary tool used in both basic and applied science. It is a versatile system that enables the genome of different species to be modified by generating double strand breaks (DSBs) at specific locations. However, all of the CRISPR/Cas9 systems can also produce DSBs at off-target sites that differ substantially from on-target sites. The generation of DSBs in locations outside the intended site can produce mutations that need to be carefully monitored, especially when using these tools for therapeutic purposes. However, off-target analyses of the CRISPR/Cas9 system have been very challenging, particularly when performed directly in cells. In this manuscript, we review the different strategies developed to identify off-targets generated by CRISPR/cas9 systems and other specific nucleases (ZFNs, TALENs) in real target cells.