bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay between cortical adhesion and membrane bending regulates microparticle formation
Authors: Mahapatra A. , Malingen S. A. , Rangamani P.
Published: February 2024

The formation of blebs and microparticle formation requires the bending of the plasma membrane away from the cytosol. There are multiple factors that control the formation of the microparticles including the loss of lipid asymmetry, primarily the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet, detachment of the membrane from the cortical cytoskeleton, and bleb expansion due to pressure. In this work, we develop a biophysical model that accounts for the interaction between these different factors. Our findings reveal that linker attachment is a key determinant of outward budding and lays out the mechanical aspects of outward budding of the plasma membrane.

Significance Statement

Cells release many types of membrane-enclosed vesicles in response to stress, inflammation, or other injuries. Formation of these membrane-enclosed structures is critical for proper function of the coagulation cascade and apoptosis. In many cases, these microparticles are also a part of the long distance intercellular communication and are implicated in chemoresistance. A particular class of vesicles called ectosomes or microparticles are released by the outward budding of the plasma membrane, a process which requires detachment of the membrane from the cortex, exposure of negatively charged, curvature-inducing lipids such as phosphatidylserine from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet, and pressure-driven expansion of the bleb. Here, we used membrane mechanics coupled with the kinetics of adhesive linker binding-unbinding to investigate how these different factors interact together. Using our models, we predict how linker properties plays an important role in the outward budding of the plasma membrane and identify conditions that can promote or inhibit such curvature generation. These findings have implications not just for conditions that require successful microparticle formation such as the procoagulation cascade but also for inhibiting microparticle formation in cases of chemoresistant drug efflux by tumor cells.
Expression interplay of calcium-binding genes and transcription factors during the osmotic phase provides insights on salt stress response mechanisms in bread wheat
Authors: Duarte-Delgado Diana , Vogt Inci , Dadshani Said , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim
Published: February 2024

Bread wheat is an important crop for the human diet, but the increasing soil salinization is reducing the yield. The Ca2+signaling events at the early stages of the osmotic phase of salt stress are crucial for the acclimation response of the plants through the performance of calcium-sensing proteins, which activate or repress transcription factors (TFs) that affect the expression of downstream genes. Physiological, genetic mapping, and transcriptomics studies performed with the contrasting genotypes Syn86 (synthetic, salt-susceptible) and Zentos (elite cultivar, salt-tolerant) were integrated to gain a comprehensive understanding of the salt stress response. The MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA 3’-Ends) based transcriptome analysis until 4 h after stress exposure revealed among the salt-responsive genes, the over-representation of genes coding calcium-binding proteins. The functional and structural diversity within this category was studied and linked with the expression levels during the osmotic phase in the contrasting genotypes. The non-EF-hand category from calcium-binding genes was found to be specific for the susceptibility response. On the other side, the tolerant genotype was characterized by a faster and higher up-regulation of EF-hand genes, such as RBOHD orthologs, and TF members. This study suggests that the interplay of calcium-binding genes, WRKY, and AP2/ERF TF families in signaling pathways at the start of the osmotic phase can affect the expression of downstream genes. The identification of SNPs in promoter sequences and 3’-UTR regions provides insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling the differential expression of these genes through differential transcription factor binding affinity or altered mRNA stability.

Key message

The fine-tuned expression of calcium-binding genes and transcription factors during the osmotic phase underlies the susceptibility and tolerance to salt stress responses of contrasting bread wheat genotypes.
Hereditary breast cancer next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel evaluation in the south region of Brazil: a novelBRCA2candidate pathogenic variant is reported
Authors: Duarte Cesar Augusto B. , Santos Carlos Alberto dos , de Oliveira Cristine Domingues D. , Spautz Cleverton César , Sumita Laura Masami , Nakatani Sueli Massumi
Published: February 2024

In this article, we delineate a loosely selected cohort comprising patients with a history of early-onset breast cancer and/or a familial occurrence of cancer. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the presence of breast cancer-related gene variants in a population from a micro-region in southern Brazil, specifically the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. This area exhibits a highly genetically mixed population, mirroring the general characteristics of the Brazilian people. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) multigene panel testing was conducted, involving the evaluation of twelve patients. Two pathogenic variants and one candidate pathogenic variant were identified:BRCA2:c.8878C>T, p.Gln2960Ter;CHEK2:c.1100delAG>A, p.Thr367Metfs*15 andBRCA2:c.3482dupG>GA, p.Asp1161Glufs*3, a novel variant, previously unpublished, is reported.

Author Summary

Breast cancer stands as one of the most prevalent cancers globally, affecting both genders, although it is much more common in women. Predominantly sporadic, around 5% to 10% of cases are attributed to hereditary factors, linked to specific gene mutations passed down through generations. BeyondBRCA1andBRCA2, there is a growing understanding that breast cancer risk is influenced by a range of genes. In the pursuit of understanding and mitigating breast cancer risks, genetic testing plays a pivotal role. These tests draw upon extensive databases, repositories of genetic information, to decipher individual variations. However, the lack of population diversity representation in genetic research databases is a global concern, and Latin America is no exception, presenting challenges in ensuring inclusivity and relevance in genetic research and healthcare applications. Addressing this gap, our study focused on a population in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil, sought to uncover breast cancer-related genetic variants. Despite the modest cohort, the study identified two pathogenic and one novel candidate pathogenic variants. While a small contribution, this research endeavors to enrich the collective knowledge base surrounding breast cancer, illustrating the ongoing efforts to comprehend and address the complexities of this prevalent disease.
Association of Center-Level Operative Volume and Acute Outcomes following Robotic-Assisted Colectomy for Malignancy
Authors: Cho Nam Yong , Kim Shineui , Hadaya Joseph , Chervu Nikhil , Ebrahimian Shayan , Cruz Emma , Lee Hanjoo , Benharash Peyman
Published: February 2024

Background

The adoption of RAC remains limited due to high costs. There is a paucity of data regarding the impact of institutional robotic experience on costs in patients undergoing RAC for colorectal cancer.

Methods

All adult patients undergoing RAC for colorectal cancer were identified using the 2016-2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database. A multivariable regression to model major adverse events (MAE) was developed with the inclusion of institutional robotic surgery volume as restricted cubic splines. The volume corresponding to the inflection point of the spline was used to stratify hospitals into high-(HVH) or low-volume (LVH). We subsequently examined the association of HVH status with costs, length of stay (LOS), MAE, non-home discharge and 30-day unplanned readmission.

Results

Among the 43,475 patients undergoing RAC, 63.8% were treated at HVH. Following risk adjustment, RAC at HVH was associated with reduced index hospitalization costs by $2,000 (95%CI $1,500-2,400) and LOS by 0.3 days (95%CI 0.2-0.5 days) as well as decreased odds of MAE (AOR 0.86, 95%CI 0.77-0.96). Both non-home discharge and 30-day unplanned readmission were not associated with hospital volume. In our cross-volume analysis, we found an increase in institutional RAC and overall robotic volumes to be associated with reduced odds of MAE.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated higher institutional robotic-assisted operation volume to be associated with reduced MAE and cost in patients undergoing RAC. The findings suggest the potential benefits of increasing expertise and implementing efficient practices in robotic-assisted surgery programs.
MatP local enrichment delays segregation independently of tetramer formation and septal anchoring inVibrio cholerae
Authors: Espinosa Elena , Challita Jihane , Desfontaines Jean-Michel , Possoz Christophe , Val Marie-Eve , Mazel Didier , Marbouty Martial , Koszul Romain , Galli Elisa , Barre François-Xavier
Published: February 2024

Vibrio choleraeharbours a primary chromosome derived from the monochromosomal ancestor of the Vibrionales (ChrI) and a secondary chromosome derived from a megaplasmid (ChrII). The coordinated segregation of the replication terminus of both chromosomes (TerIandTerII)determines when and where cell division occurs. ChrI encodes a homolog ofEscherichia coliMatP, a protein that binds to a DNA motif (matS) that is overrepresented in replication termini. Here, we use a combination of deep sequencing and fluorescence microscopy techniques to show thatV. choleraeMatP structures TerI and TerII into macrodomains, targets them to mid-cell during replication, and delays their segregation, thus supporting that ChrII behaves as a bona fide chromosome. We further show that the extent of the segregation delay mediated by MatP depends on the number and local density ofmatSsites, and is independent of its assembly into tetramers and any interaction with the divisome, in contrast to what has been previously observed inE. coli.
Local and global changes in cell density induce reorganisation of 3D packing in a proliferating epithelium
Authors: Barone Vanessa , Tagua Antonio , Andrés-San Román Jesus Á. , Hamdoun Amro , Garrido-García Juan , Lyons Deirdre C. , Escudero Luis M.
Published: February 2024

Tissue morphogenesis is intimately linked to the changes in shape and organisation of individual cells. In curved epithelia, cells can intercalate along their own apicobasal axes adopting a shape named “scutoid” that allows energy minimization in the tissue. Although several geometric and biophysical factors have been associated with this 3D reorganisation, the dynamic changes underlying scutoid formation in 3D epithelial packing remain poorly understood. Here we use live-imaging of the sea star embryo coupled with deep learning-based segmentation, to dissect the relative contributions of cell density, tissue compaction, and cell proliferation on epithelial architecture. We find that tissue compaction, which naturally occurs in the embryo, is necessary for the appearance of scutoids. Physical compression experiments identify cell density as the factor promoting scutoid formation at a global level. Finally, the comparison of the developing embryo with computational models indicates that the increase in the proportion of scutoids is directly associated with cell divisions. Our results suggest that apico-basal intercalations appearing just after mitosis may help accommodate the new cells within the tissue. We propose that proliferation in a compact epithelium induces 3D cell rearrangements during development.

Summary statement

The study uses sea star embryogenesis as a model of a proliferating epithelium to highlight how cell division induces 3D cell rearrangements during development.
Site-specific sulfations regulate the physicochemical properties of papillomavirus-heparan sulfate interactions for entry
Authors: Bano Fouzia , Soria-Martinez Laura , van Bodegraven Dominik , Thorsteinsson Konrad , Brown Anna M. , Fels Ines , Snyder Nicole L. , Bally Marta , Schelhaas Mario
Published: February 2024

Certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are etiological agents for several anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. During initial infection, HPV16, the most prevalent cancer-causing type, specifically interacts with heparan sulfates (HS), not only enabling initial cell attachment but also triggering a crucial conformational change in viral capsids termed structural activation. It is unknown, whether such HS-HPV16 interactions depend on HS sulfation patterns. Thus, we probed potential roles of HS sulfations using cell-based functional and physicochemical assays, including single molecule force spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate that N-sulfation of HS is crucial for virus binding and structural activation by providing high affinity sites, and that additional 6O-sulfation is required to mechanically stabilize the interaction, whereas 2O-sulfation and 3O-sulfation are mostly dispensable. Together, our findings identify the contribution of HS sulfation patterns to HPV16 binding and structural activation and reveal how distinct sulfation groups of HS synergize to facilitate HPV16 entry, which, in turn, likely influences the tropism of HPVs.

Teaser

Distinct heparan sulfations facilitate HPV16 binding and structural activation through their physico-chemical properties.
Mycobacterium ulceranschallenge strain selection for a Buruli ulcer controlled human infection model
Authors: Muhi Stephen , Buultjens Andrew H. , Porter Jessica L. , Marshall Julia L. , Doerflinger Marcel , Pidot Sacha J. , O’Brien Daniel , Johnson Paul D. R. , Lavender Caroline , Globan Maria , McCarthy James , Osowicki Joshua , Stinear Timothy P.
Published: February 2024

Critical scientific questions remain regarding infection withMycobacterium ulcerans, the organism responsible for the neglected tropical disease, Buruli ulcer (BU). A controlled human infection model has the potential to accelerate our knowledge of the immunological correlates of disease, to test prophylactic interventions and novel therapeutics. Here we present microbiological evidence supportingM. ulceransJKD8049 as a suitable human challenge strain. This non-genetically modified Australian isolate is susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics, can be cultured in animal-free and surfactant-free media, can be enumerated for precise dosing, and has stable viability following cryopreservation. Infectious challenge of humans with JKD8049 is anticipated to imitate natural infection, asM. ulceransJKD8049 is genetically stable followingin vitropassage and produces the key virulence factor, mycolactone. Also reported are considerations for the manufacture, storage, and administration ofM. ulceransJKD8049 for controlled human infection.
A double ovulation protocol for Xenopus laevis produces doubled fertilisation yield and moderately transiently elevated corticosterone levels without loss of egg quality
Authors: Moss Chloe , Vacca Barbara , Arnold Jo , Hubens Chantal , Lynch Dominic M. , Pegge James , Green Michael A.R. , Hosie Charlotte A. , Smith Tessa E. , Green Jeremy B.A.
Published: February 2024

The African claw-toed frog,Xenopus laevis, is a well-established laboratory model for the biology of vertebrate fertilisation and development. For ovulation,X. laevisfemales are usually injected with chorionic gonadotropin, whereupon they lay typically hundreds to thousands of eggs in a day. Animals are re-used after being rested for a minimum of three months,. The literature suggests that adult females can lay much larger numbers of eggs in a short period. Here, we compared the standard “single ovulation” protocol with a “double ovulation” protocol, in which females were ovulated, then re-ovulated after seven days and then rested for three months before re-use. We quantified egg number, fertilisation rate (development to cleavage stage), and corticosterone secretion rate (a measure of stress response) over seven 3-month cycles. We found no differences in egg number-per-ovulation or fertilisation, and no long-term changes in any measures over the trial period. Corticosterone secretion was elevated by ovulation, similarly for the single ovulation as for the first ovulation in the double-ovulation protocol, but more highly for the second ovulation (to a level comparable to that seen following shipment). However, both groups exhibited the same baseline secretion rates by the time of the subsequent cycle. Double ovulation is thus transiently more stressful/demanding than single ovulation but within levels routinely experienced by laboratoryX. laevis. Noting that “stress hormone” corticosterone/cortisol secretion is linked to physiological processes, such as ovulation, that are not necessarily harmful to the individual, we suggest that the benefits of a doubling in egg yield-per-cycle per animal without loss of egg quality or signs of acute or long-term harm may outweigh the relatively modest and transient corticosterone elevation we observed. The double ovulation protocol therefore represents a potential new standard practice for promoting the “3Rs” (animal use reduction, refinement and replacement) mission for Xenopus research.
Laser Scanning Confocal printing, a new simple method for micro-device fabrication (LSCprint method)
Authors: Megías D , Gómez J , Ortega J , Mata G , Pérez-Martínez M.
Published: February 2024

Micro-devices and lab-on-a-chip technologies have revolutionized cell biology research, enabling a plethora of applications from single-cell sorting to organ-on-a-chip assays. However, their construction remains laborious, requiring specialized equipment and trained personnel, thereby restricting their accessibility to specialized laboratories. The conventional protocol for micro-device printing involves intricate steps, including master cast/mold production and device fabrication, leading to high costs and time consumption.

Here, we present a novel, simplified method utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and commercially available photosensitive resins. By using the UV or violet excitation laser lines of an LSCM, we eliminate the need for external suppliers and complex equipment, enabling any conventional cell biology laboratory to fabricate micro-devices swiftly and inexpensively.

Our method not only enhances the capabilities of standard confocal microscopes but also democratises microfluidic device fabrication, making it accessible to non-specialized laboratories. With minimal reagent consumption and high scalability, our approach offers a cost-effective solution for rapid prototyping and production of micro-devices, circumventing previous barriers to widespread adoption. Moreover, our method allows direct printing of micro-devices onto substrates, eliminating the need for molds and intermediate steps, thus facilitating greater design flexibility and accessibility for non-specialized laboratories.
Consequences of Cancer on ZebrafishDanio rerio: Insights into Sex Determination, Sex Ratio, and Offspring Survival
Authors: Boutry Justine , Douhard Mathieu , Asselin Klara , Dujon Antoine M. , Meliani Jordan , De Backer Olivier , Nicolas Delphine , Schultz Aaron G. , Biro Peter A. , Beckmann Christa , Fontenille Laura , Kissa Karima , Ujvari Beata , Thomas Frédéric
Published: February 2024

Offspring sex ratio has been proposed as an indicator of the risk of developing certain cancers in humans, but offspring sex ratio may also be a consequence of the disease. In this study, we delve into this subject using the fishDanio rerioas a model system. First, we explore whether inducing skin cancer at an early stage of the host’s life (embryonic stage) has the potential to influence sex determination and/or sex-specific mortality. Second, we investigate whether the sex ratio in offspring produced by tumor-bearing adult females differs from that of healthy females. Third, we compare the survival (until sexual maturity) of offspring produced by cancerous and non-cancerous females. We found that skin cancer did not influence sex ratio in both experiments. However, consistent with previous studies on other model systems, the survival of offspring from cancerous females was higher, suggesting that diseased females allocate more resources to current reproductive efforts compared to their healthy counterparts. This study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of host-tumor interactions in animals.
Electrospun Poly (ε-caprolactone) Membranes Modified with Heparin and Essential Fatty Acids for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Farias Taisa , Ricardo Joelma , Cunha Jessica , Barcelay Yonny , Dip Ariamna , Ruzo Camila , Bastos Ivanildes , Segala Karen , Junior Joel Silva , Ţălu Ştefan , Paula Marco , Brito Walter
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to enhance wound healing by modifying poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) membranes with sodium heparin (HS) and Essential Fatty Acids (EFA). Electrospinning was used to prepare the membranes containing the maximum concentration of HS and AGE, which were then sterilized with ozone. Microbiological tests confirmed effective sterilization. The membrane characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological analysis, wettability studies for contact angle determination, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, and thermogravimetry (TGA) for thermal analysis. Results indicated successful preparation and sterilization of PCL membranes modified with HS and EFA. Morphological analysis showed well-formed and randomly distributed fibers, although the PCL+HS membrane exhibited beads on its fibers. Adding HS and EFA affected the fiber diameter, with PCL+HS fibers having a smaller diameter than pure PCL and PCL+EFA fibers. Wettability analysis demonstrated modified surface properties with reduced contact angles. FT-IR analysis showed slight contributions of HS and EFA in the modified PCL membranes, while thermal analysis revealed no substantial changes in thermal stability. In conclusion, PCL membranes modified with HS and EFA can potentially accelerate wound healing, presenting an innovative and cost-effective approach to treating skin injuries.
Inserting Pre-Analytical Chromatographic Priming Runs Significantly Improves Targeted Pathway Proteomics With Sample Multiplexing
Authors: Shuken Steven R. , Yu Qing , Gygi Steven P.
Published: February 2024

GoDig, a recent platform for targeted pathway proteomics without the need for manual assay scheduling or synthetic standard peptides, is a relatively flexible and easy-to-use method that uses tandem mass tags (TMT) to increase sample throughput up to 18-fold relative to label-free targeted proteomics. Though the protein quantification success rate of GoDig is generally high, the peptide-level success rate is more limited, hampering the extension of GoDig to assays of harder-to-quantify proteins and site-specific phenomena. In order to guide the optimization of GoDig assays as well as improvements to the GoDig platform, we created GoDigViewer, a new stand-alone software that provides detailed visualizations of GoDig runs. GoDigViewer guided the implementation of “priming runs,” an acquisition mode with significantly higher success rates due to improved elution order calibration. In this mode, one or more chromatographic priming runs are automatically performed to determine accurate and precise target elution orders, followed by analytical runs which quantify targets. Using priming runs, peptide-level quantification success rates exceeded 97% for a list of 400 peptide targets and 95% for a list of 200 targets that are usually not quantified using untargeted mass spectrometry. We used priming runs to establish a quantitative assay of 125 macroautophagy proteins that had a >95% success rate and revealed differences in macroautophagy protein expression profiles across four human cell lines.
Sub-second and multi-second dopamine dynamics underlie variability in human time perception
Authors: Sadibolova Renata , DiMarco Emily K. , Jiang Angela , Maas Benjamin , Tatter Stephen B. , Laxton Adrian , Kishida Kenneth T. , Terhune Devin B.
Published: February 2024

Timing behaviour and the perception of time are fundamental to cognitive and emotional processes in humans. In non-human model organisms, the neuromodulator dopamine has been associated with variations in timing behaviour, but the connection between variations in dopamine levels and the human experience of time has not been directly assessed. Here, we report how dopamine levels in human striatum, measured with sub-second temporal resolution during awake deep brain stimulation surgery, relate to participants’ perceptual judgements of time intervals. Fast, phasic, dopaminergic signals were associated with underestimation of temporal intervals, whereas slower, tonic, decreases in dopamine were associated with poorer temporal precision. Our findings suggest a delicate and complex role for the dynamics and tone of dopaminergic signals in the conscious experience of time in humans.
Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Measures of Psychological Safety
Authors: Liu Jenny JW , Ein Natalie , Plouffe Rachel A. , Gervasio Julia , St. Cyr Kate , Nazarov Anthony , Richardson J. Don
Published: February 2024

Purpose

In a psychologically safe environment, individuals feel safe to share thoughts, acknowledge errors, experiment with new ideas, and exhibit mutual respect. However, there is little consensus on how psychological safety should be measured and the constructs that make up psychological safety. This meta-analysis and systematic review sought to evaluate the quality of measures used to assess psychological safety.

Methodology

The meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted using Cochrane’s guidelines as a framework for data synthesis. A total of 217 studies were included in this review.

Findings

Across 217 studies, the average internal consistency value ranged from Cronbach’s alpha of .77 to .81, with considerable heterogeneities across samples (I2 = 99.92, Q[221] = 259632.32, p < .001). Together, findings suggest that the quality of existing measures evaluating psychological safety may be acceptable.

Originality

There is room for improvement with respect to examinations of factor structures within psychological safety, the degree of association between psychological safety and other constructs, and opportunities for exploring similarities and differences across populations and contexts.
Topological band engineering and tunable thermal Hall effect in trimerized Lieb lattice ferromagnets
Authors: Zhuo Fengjun , Kang Jian , Cheng Zhenxiang , Manchon Aurélien
Published: February 2024

We theoretically study the topological properties of magnons and the relevant magnon thermal Hall effect in trimerized Lieb lattice ferromagnets in the presence of next-nearest-neighbor Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. By calculating the magnon band structures and their Chern numbers with the linear spin-wave theory, we show that the system can undergo a phase transition between a magnonic topological insulator phase and a magnonic trivial insulator phase. The main results are presented in the form of topological phase diagrams, where the Chern numbers or magnon thermal Hall conductivity are shown as a function of the two lattice trimerization parameters. We find a sharp change of the thermal Hall conductivity across the critical point of phase transformations associated with topological nontrivial edge states. The behaviors reflect that the existence of trimerizations breaks the C4 rotational symmetry of the Lieb lattice. Finally, we show that our theoretical predictions could be experimentally realized in high-temperature cuprate superconductors or organic magnetic materials.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Internal structure of metal vacancies in cubic carbides
Authors: Smirnova Ekaterina , Nourazar Mehdi , Korzhavyi Pavel A.
Published: February 2024

A combinatorial approach is employed to investigate the atomic and electronic structures of a metal vacancy in titanium carbide. It turns out that the usual relaxed geometry of the vacancy is just a metastable state representing a local energy minimum. Using calculations and by systematically searching through the configurational space of a Ti monovacancy, we identify a multitude of local minima with reconstructed geometry that are lower in energy. Among them, there is a planar configuration with two displaced carbons forming a dimer inside the vacancy. This structure has the optimal number and order of C–C bonds making it the global minimum. Further calculations show that this reconstructed geometry is also the ground state of metal vacancies in other carbides such as ZrC, HfC, and VC. The reconstructed metal vacancies are characterized by localized electron states due to the relatively short C–C bonds. The defect states lie just below the upper and lower valence bands. The existence of reconstructed vacancy configurations is essential for understanding the mechanism of metal self-diffusion in transition-metal carbides.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Effects of Reheating on Charged Lepton Yukawa Equilibration and Leptogenesis
Authors: Datta Arghyajit , Roshan Rishav , Sil Arunansu
Published: February 2024

We show that the process of noninstantaneous reheating during the postinflationary period can have a sizable impact on the charged lepton Yukawa equilibration temperature in the early Universe. This suggests reviewing the effects of lepton flavors in the leptogenesis scenario where the production and decay of right-handed neutrinos take place within this prolonged era of reheating. We find this observation has the potential to shift the flavor regime(s) of leptogenesis compared to the standard thermal scenario.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Nonequilibrium quantum probing through linear response
Authors: Blair S. , Zicari G. , Belenchia A. , Ferraro A. , Paternostro M.
Published: February 2024

The formalism of linear response theory can be extended to encompass physical situations where an open quantum system evolves toward a nonequilibrium steady state. Here, we use the framework put forward by Konopik and Lutz [] to go beyond unitary perturbations of the dynamics. Considering an open system comprised of two coupled quantum harmonic oscillators, we study the system's response to unitary perturbations, affecting the Hamiltonian dynamics, as well as nonunitary perturbations, affecting the properties of the environment, e.g., its temperature and squeezing. We show that linear response, combined with a quantum probing approach, can effectively provide valuable quantitative information about the perturbation and characteristics of the environment, even in cases of nonunitary dynamics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Analysis and mitigation of residual exchange coupling in linear spin-qubit arrays
Authors: Heinz Irina , Mills Adam R. , Petta Jason R. , Burkard Guido
Published: February 2024

In recent advancements of quantum computing utilizing spin qubits, it has been demonstrated that this platform possesses the potential for implementing two-qubit gates with fidelities exceeding 99.5%. However, as with other qubit platforms, it is not feasible to completely turn qubit couplings off. This study aims to investigate the impact of coherent error matrices in gate set tomography by employing a double quantum dot. We evaluate the infidelity caused by residual exchange between spins and compare various mitigation approaches, including the use of adjusted timing through simple drives, considering different parameter settings in the presence of charge noise. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to larger arrays of exchange-coupled spin qubits to provide an estimation of the expected fidelity. In particular, we demonstrate the influence of residual exchange on a single-qubit Y gate and the native two-qubit SWAP gate in a linear chain. Our findings emphasize the significance of accounting for residual exchange when scaling up spin-qubit devices and highlight the tradeoff between the effects of charge noise and residual exchange in mitigation techniques.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Union-find quantum decoding without union-find
Authors: Griffiths Sam J. , Browne Dan E.
Published: February 2024

The union-find decoder is a leading algorithmic approach to the correction of quantum errors on the surface code, achieving code thresholds comparable to minimum-weight perfect matching (MWPM) with amortized computational time scaling near-linearly in the number of physical qubits. This complexity is achieved via optimizations provided by the disjoint-set data structure. We demonstrate, however, that the behavior of the decoder at scale underutilizes this data structure for twofold analytic and algorithmic reasons, and that improvements and simplifications can be made to architectural designs to reduce resource overhead in practice. To reinforce this, we model the behavior of erasure clusters formed by the decoder and show that there does not exist a percolation threshold within the data structure for any mode of operation. This yields a linear-time worst-case complexity for the decoder at scale, even with a naive implementation omitting popular optimizations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Unveiling the orbital-selective electronic band reconstruction through the structural phase transition in
TaTe2
Authors: Mitsuishi Natsuki , Sugita Yusuke , Akiba Tomoki , Takahashi Yuki , Sakano Masato , Horiba Koji , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Takahashi Hidefumi , Ishiwata Shintaro , Motome Yukitoshi , Ishizaka Kyoko
Published: February 2024

Tantalum ditelluride (TaTe2) belongs to the family of layered transition metal dichalcogenides but exhibits a unique structural phase transition at around 170 K that accompanies the rearrangement of the Ta atomic network from a “ribbon chain” to a “butterfly-like” pattern. While multiple mechanisms including Fermi surface nesting and chemical bonding instabilities have been intensively discussed, the origin of this transition remains elusive. Here we investigate the electronic structure of single-crystalline TaTe2 with a particular focus on its modifications through the phase transition, by employing core-level and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with first-principles calculations. Temperature-dependent core-level spectroscopy demonstrates a splitting of the Ta 4f core-level spectra through the phase transition indicative of the Ta-dominated electronic state reconstruction. Low-energy electronic state measurements further reveal an unusual kink-like band reconstruction occurring at the Brillouin zone boundary, which cannot be explained by Fermi surface nesting or band-folding effects. On the basis of the orbital-projected band calculations, this band reconstruction is mainly attributed to the modifications of specific Ta 5d states, namely, the dXY orbitals (the ones elongating along the ribbon chains) at the center Ta sites of the ribbon chains. The present results highlight the strong orbital-dependent electronic state reconstruction through the phase transition in this system and provide fundamental insights towards understanding complex electron-lattice-bond coupled phenomena.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Tripling of the scattering vector range of X-ray reflectivity on liquid surfaces using a double-crystal deflector
Authors: Konovalov Oleg , Rein Valentina , Saedi Mehdi , Groot Irene M. N. , Renaud Gilles , Jankowski Maciej
Published: February 2024

The maximum range of perpendicular momentum transfer (q

z
) has been tripled for X-ray scattering from liquid surfaces when using a double-crystal deflector setup to tilt the incident X-ray beam. This is achieved by employing a higher-energy X-ray beam to access Miller indices of reflecting crystal atomic planes that are three times higher than usual. The deviation from the exact Bragg angle condition induced by misalignment between the X-ray beam axis and the main rotation axis of the double-crystal deflector is calculated, and a fast and straightforward procedure to align them is deduced. An experimental method of measuring scattering intensity along the q

z
direction on liquid surfaces up to q

z
= 7 Å−1 is presented, with liquid copper serving as a reference system for benchmarking purposes.
Not leaving your unsatisfactory job: analyzing female, migrant, elderly and lower-educated employees
Authors: Mandemakers Luuk , Jaspers Eva , van der Lippe Tanja
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Employees facing challenges in their careers – i.e. female, migrant, elderly and lower-educated employees – might expect job searches to have a low likelihood of success and might therefore more often stay in unsatisfactory positions. The goal of this study is to discover inequalities in job mobility for these employees.

Design/methodology/approach

We rely on a large sample of Dutch public sector employees (N = 30,709) and study whether employees with challenges in their careers are hampered in translating job dissatisfaction into job searches. Additionally, we assess whether this is due to their perceptions of labor market alternatives.

Findings

Findings show that non-Western migrant, elderly and lower-educated employees are less likely to act on job dissatisfaction than their advantaged counterparts, whereas women are more likely than men to do so. Additionally, we find that although they perceive labor market opportunities as limited, this does not affect their propensity to search for different jobs.

Originality/value

This paper is novel in discovering inequalities in job mobility by analyzing whether employees facing challenges in their careers are less likely to act on job dissatisfaction and therefore more likely to remain in unsatisfactory positions.
Design and development of a digital diagnostic clinical pathway: evidence from an action research study
Authors: Calabrese Armando , D'Uffizi Antonio , Levialdi Ghiron Nathan , Berloco Luca , Pourabbas Elaheh , Proudlove Nathan
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this paper is to show a systematic and methodological approach for the digitalization of critical clinical pathways (CPs) within the healthcare domain.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology entails the integration of service design (SD) and action research (AR) methodologies, characterized by iterative phases that systematically alternate between action and reflective processes, fostering cycles of change and learning. Within this framework, stakeholders are engaged through semi-structured interviews, while the existing and envisioned processes are delineated and represented using BPMN 2.0. These methodological steps emphasize the development of an autonomous, patient-centric web application alongside the implementation of an adaptable and patient-oriented scheduling system. Also, business processes simulation is employed to measure key performance indicators of processes and test for potential improvements. This method is implemented in the context of the CP addressing transient loss of consciousness (TLOC), within a publicly funded hospital setting.

Findings

The methodology integrating SD and AR enables the detection of pivotal bottlenecks within diagnostic CPs and proposes optimal corrective measures to ensure uninterrupted patient care, all the while advancing the digitalization of diagnostic CP management. This study contributes to theoretical discussions by emphasizing the criticality of process optimization, the transformative potential of digitalization in healthcare and the paramount importance of user-centric design principles, and offers valuable insights into healthcare management implications.

Originality/value

The study’s relevance lies in its ability to enhance healthcare practices without necessitating disruptive and resource-intensive process overhauls. This pragmatic approach aligns with the imperative for healthcare organizations to improve their operations efficiently and cost-effectively, making the study’s findings relevant.
Understanding users' voice assistant exploration intention: unraveling the differential mechanisms of the multiple dimensions of perceived intelligence
Authors: Zhao Yiming , Chen Yu , Sun Yongqiang , Shen Xiao-Liang
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for the perceived intelligence of VAs and explore the mechanisms of different dimensions of the perceived intelligence of VAs on users’ exploration intention (UEI) and how these antecedents can collectively result in the highest level of UEI.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey on Amazon Mechanical Turk is employed. The model is tested utilizing the structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) approach from the collected data of VA users (N = 244).

Findings

According to the SEM outcomes, perceptual, cognitive, emotional and social intelligence have different mechanisms on UEI. Findings from the fsQCA reinforce the SEM results and provide the configurations that enhanced UEI.

Originality/value

This study extends the conceptual framework of perceived intelligence and enriches the literature on anthropomorphism and users’ exploration. These findings also provide insightful suggestions for practitioners regarding the design of VA products.
Watchful waiting: public relations strategies to minimize and manage a fake news crisis
Authors: Lambert Cheryl Ann , Ewing Michele E. , Hassan Toqa
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Fake news stories have become a central element of crises that corporate public relations practitioners have confronted. Whether such stories are rumors, outright lies or deliberate attempts to discredit corporations, they have the same impact and require specific strategies for public relations practitioners to effectively respond. The purpose of this study is to uncover strategies to manage crises that arise from fake news and if and how these strategies differ for other corporate crises.

Design/methodology/approach

In this multi-method study of 21 in-depth interviews and a 8-person focus group with senior-level corporate public relations practitioners, authors explored decision-making strategies for responding to fake news crises. Transcripts of interviews and the focus group were thematically analyzed.

Findings

Results reveal insights regarding how public relations practitioners determine if and when to respond to fake news crises in corporations; what response strategies public relations practitioners have the autonomy to employ for fake news crises in corporations, and how public relations practitioners control media narratives during fake news crises in corporations.

Practical implications

The findings guide public relations practitioners to craft an autonomous decision-making process and effective online listening strategies—establishing a watchful waiting approach—and determine if the fake news issue is a passing moment or movement swirling into a crisis.

Originality/value

Few studies have examined the perspectives of crisis communication experts about minimizing and managing fake news crises. The study identifies opportunities for future research focused on crises originating from fake news and disinformation.
Psychological ownership in family firms: a perspective article
Authors: Caicedo-Leitón Ana Lucia , Garcés-Galdeano Lucia , Larraza-Kintana Martin
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This article explores psychological ownership (PO) in family firms (FFs); its impact on interpersonal relationships, attitudes and behaviors within the organization; and its importance for long-term success. It also highlights the factors that contribute to PO in these types of businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

The article conducts a literature review that utilizes existing research to delve into the phenomenon of PO within the context of FFs.

Findings

The article emphasizes that PO significantly impacts employee behavior and attitudes toward FFs. It shows the favorable influence of PO on employees' conduct and mindset. However, excessive PO can lead to disputes and obstruct the transfer of control.

Practical implications

The success of family businesses depends on nurturing strong, positive PO in future generations and among nonfamily members.

Originality/value

The article contributes to PO literature in FFs by analyzing its influence on FFs. It highlights factors affecting PO formation and its consequences and highlights novel lines of future research.
Retail operations strategy for improved customer experience: a better response to crises such as COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: C.V. Sunil Kumar
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Discount grocery stores (DGSs) are attractive food supply chain (FSC) channels because many cost-conscious Indians use them for monthly needs. Despite capacity, DGSs must address customer concerns about store crowd densities and improve their COVID-19 preparedness. The purpose of this study is to learn how retail operations strategies can improve customer experience and how stores can benefit.

Design/methodology/approach

The study looked at a case study where retail operations are run more efficiently, and the customer experience is enhanced by standardizing and customizing customer transactions. The potential benefits that customers and retailers might anticipate are then statistically verified. Next, the potential benefits were examined to determine which ones from customers’ and retailers’ views should be prioritized to increase satisfaction.

Findings

The case situation analysis in the study demonstrates how DGSs can improve their retail operations to reduce customer wait times and provide greater convenience. The study also provides practitioners with potential benefits to pursue from the perspectives of retailers, customers and both retailers and customers.

Research limitations/implications

This study requires many past transactions and can be considered an extension of the current study, so it does not capture floor space and capacity improvements.

Practical implications

This research can help FSC retailers compete with upstream supply chain partners and customers in omnichannel retailing. By improving DGS retailer capacity and customer experience, this study can benefit all FSC stakeholders.

Originality/value

Although there are numerous potential benefits that practitioners can pursue, the current study suggests that practitioners focus on those that can improve retailer and customer satisfaction.