bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of symptoms and self-management of hypoglycaemia amongst patients attending a diabetic clinic at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Ejegi Anthony , Ross Andrew John , Naidoo Keshena
Published: June 2016

Background: Diabetic patients on insulin and sulphonylureas are at risk of developing hypoglycaemia. Many patients do not respond appropriately because of poor knowledge and understanding of the symptoms of hypoglycaemia, which if not promptly treated can lead to permanent neurological and renal damage. Hypoglycaemic complications can be avoided if patients have a good knowledge of the early symptoms of hypoglycaemia and know how to respond appropriately.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of adult diabetic patients attending a diabetic clinic about symptoms of hypoglycaemia and how they responded to these symptoms.Setting: A hospital-based diabetic clinic in northern KwaZulu-Natal. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 200 diabetic patients. Demographic data and details of current medication, knowledge of hypoglycaemia and how patients responded to the symptoms were collected using a validated questionnaire.Results: The majority of the patients had fair to good knowledge of hypoglycaemia; however, less than 25% knew what action to take when they experienced symptoms suggestive of hypoglycaemia.Conclusion: There is a need to improve the education given to diabetic patients on stepwise measures to take to avoid life-threatening complications associated with hypoglycaemia.
The effect of age of cochlear implantation on vocal characteristics in children
Authors: Knight Kerry , Ducasse Simone , Coetzee Ashley , Van der Linde Jeannie , Louw Anel
Published: June 2016

Background: Early cochlear implantation aids auditory feedback and supports better communication and self-monitoring of the voice. The objective of this study was to determine whether the age of cochlear implantation has an impact on vocal development in children implanted before age 4.Method and procedures: The study consisted of 19 participants in total. All implant recipients (experimental group) were 3–5 years post-implantation, including four prelingual (0–2 years) and five perilingual (2–4 years) implant recipients. The control group consisted of 10 children whose hearing was within normal limits between the ages 3–6 years and 10 months, which was compared to the experimental group. Established paediatric norms were used for additional comparison. A questionnaire was used to gather information from each of the participant’s caregivers to determine whether other personal and contextual factors had an impact on voice production. An acoustic analysis was conducted for each participant using the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program of the Computerized Speech Lab.Results: When the experimental group and the control group were compared, similar results were yielded for fundamental frequency and short-term perturbation (jitter and shimmer). More variability was noted in long-term frequency and amplitude measures, with significantly higher differences, and therefore further outside the norms, in the prelingual group when compared to the perilingual and control groups.Conclusion: In this study, age of implantation did not impact vocal characteristics. Further research should include larger sample sizes, with participants that are age and gender matched.Keywords: cochlear implant; vocal development; age of implantation; prelingual; lingual
The relationship between occupational culture dimensions and reward preferences: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Bussin Mark , Nicholls Michelle , Nienaber Ronel
Published: June 2016

Orientation: Reward has links to employee attraction and retention and as such has a role to play in managing talent. However, despite a range of research, there is still lack of clarity on employee preferences relating to reward.Research purpose: The purpose of the research was to recommend and appraise a theoretical model of the relationship between occupational culture dimensions and reward preferences of specific occupational groups in the South African context.Motivation for the study: The motivation for this study was to address the gap that exists with reward preferences and occupational culture with a view to identifying and gaining insight into individual preferences.Research design, approach and method: A structural equation modelling approach was adopted in exploring the proposed relationships. A South African Information, Communication, and Technology (ICT) organisation served as the population, and a web-based survey assisted in gathering study data (n = 1362).Main findings: The findings provided support for the relationship between occupational culture dimensions and certain reward preferences. In particular, statistically significant results were obtained with the inclusion of the Environment, Team, and Time occupational culture dimensions as independent variables.Practical implications and value-add: The study provides workable input to organisations and reward professionals in the design of their reward strategies and programmes.Keywords: compensation; employee preferences; occupational culture; remuneration; reward preferences
Inpatient management of borderline personality disorder at Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg
Authors: Paruk Laila , Janse van Rensburg Albert B.R.
Published: June 2016

Objective: The aim of this report was to establish a profile of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) admitted to the acute inpatient psychiatric assessment unit at the Helen Joseph Hospital, in Johannesburg, over the course of 1 year.

 Methods: A retrospective record review was conducted to investigate the prevalence, demographics, reasons for admission, treatment, length of stay and follow-up of a group of inpatients during 2010 with a diagnosis of BPD, based on DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, allocated on discharge.

Results: Considering evidence retrospectively, the quality of the BPD diagnosis allocated appeared adequate. Statistical analysis revealed findings mainly in keeping with other reports, for example, that patients with BPD are above-average users of resources who make significantly more use of emergency services and that they generally do not adhere well to their scheduled outpatient follow-up arrangements. The longer average length of inpatient stay of this group with BPD, however, exceeded the typically brief period generally recommended for acute inpatient containment and emergency intervention.

Conclusion: Implementation of targeted prevention and early intervention strategies, based on systematised programmes such as dialectical behavioural therapy and mentalisation based therapy, may be useful in addressing these problems experienced with integrating the in- and outpatient management of BPD.

Keywords: Borderline personality; inpatient; acute
A kairos for the lowly? Reflections on Luke's story of a rejected fortune or tyche and lessons for South Africa
Authors: Speckman McGlory
Published: June 2016

This article argues that failure of Jerusalem to accept or recognise its fortune (Lk 19:41�44) may be ascribed to a difference in expectations between the Temple rulers and the lowly, who interacted with Jesus at their level. At the outset, the kairos was anticipated and welcomed by the lowly, and throughout the two-part narrative the respective attitudes of the lowly and Temple rulers towards Jesus are contrasted, whilst conflict between Jesus and the latter culminated in the crucifixion. The problem as suggested by the narrative is that a highly political messianic programme may have been expected, whereas Jesus offered an individual and community empowerment as the content of God�s kairos. The article concludes that the content of a kairos is determined by the potential beneficiaries; its delivery vehicle and timing (kairos) are God�s prerogative, whereas the ability to recognise and accept it is predicated on a consensus among beneficiaries about the content. South Africa should learn from this if its National Development Plan is to become a reality.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article employs insights from the narrative approach and Greek mythology to question the sterile approach to the kairos discourse. It introduces a new hermeneutical and epistemological paradigm that opens up possibilities for a developmental approach and sheds light on the behaviours of Jerusalem and the early Church. In the process, views from Biblical Studies, Hermeneutics and Church History are engaged.Keywords: Biblical Studies; Hermeneutics; Church History; Development Studies; Religion Studies
In vitro comparison of antibacterial properties of bioceramic-based sealer, resin-based sealer and zinc oxide eugenol based sealer and two mineral trioxide aggregates
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Gupta Iti , Elshamy Faheim M. M. , Boreak Nezar , Homeida Husham Elraih
Published: June 2016

Objective: Our goal of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of endodontic sealers against the E. faecalis. Materials and Methods: Six millimeters wells were made for each material in all the preinoculated petri plates. Then, the petri plates were incubated for 24 h. The zones of inhibition appeared were measured, and the measurements were put to statistical analysis. Results: EndoSequence BC Sealer, MM-mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and ProRoot MTA showed maximum means of diameter of zones of inhibition, whereas MM-seal and Endoseal did not show any zones of inhibition. Conclusion: EndoSequence BC Sealer was found to be a better endodontic sealer as compared to resin-based and zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer.
Dental care provided to sickle cell anemia patients stratified by age: A population-based study in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Costa Cyrene Piazera Silva , Aires Bárbara Tamires Cruz , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca , Souza Soraia de Fátima Carvalho
Published: June 2016

Objective: To assess differences in the dental care provided to sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients depending on age. This retrospective study used secondary data from the dental records of the Center of Hematology and Hemotherapy in Maranhão (HEMOMAR). Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from 574 dental records of patients with SCA treated or under treatment in the Dental Department of HEMOMAR from 2000 to 2011. Data on the gender, age, duration of dental treatment, number of patients submitted to periodontal treatment (PT), number of filled teeth (FT), teeth extracted (EX), endodontically treated teeth (ET), and reason for the dental procedures were collected. The Kruskal–Wallis test together with Dunn's post hoc test, Chi-square test, and Spearman's correlation was used for statistical analysis. An alpha error of 5% was considered acceptable. Results: Significant differences were found for FT, EX (P < 0.05), ET and PT (P < 0.001) between the age groups. There were fewer FT in children compared to other age groups (P < 0.001). The most common reasons for restorations and endodontic treatment were dental caries (100%) and irreversible pulpitis (55.6%), respectively. The main reasons for teeth extractions were residual roots (21.3%), chronic apical periodontitis (19.7%), and crown destruction (19.3%). There were positive correlations between age and EX (r = 0.93; P = 0.025) and ET (r = 0.92; P = 0.028). Conclusions: FT, ET, EX, and PT procedures become more common in older patients. Tooth decay is the main reason for dental treatment in SCA patients.
Evaluation of the effect of denture adhesives on surface roughness of two chemically different denture base resins
Authors: Darwish Mahmoud , Nassani Mohammad Zakaria
Published: June 2016

Objective: To evaluate the effect of four commercially available denture adhesives (DAs) on surface roughness of two chemically different denture base materials. Materials and Methods: Fifty specimens of heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate, and another fifty specimens of light-cured urethane dimethacrylate were divided into five groups (n = 10), each was immersed in four prepared DAs (Corega Super Cream, Corega Ultra Powder, Olivafix Cream, Protefix Cream) as well as distilled water (control group). The mean surface roughness (R
a) of the polished and unpolished surfaces of the specimens was recorded using profilometer device. T-test for paired observation was used to indicate any changes in surface roughness between the baseline and after 30 days of immersion in the DA. Results: Almost all the tested DAs had no significant effect on the roughness of polished and unpolished surfaces of both denture base materials. The Corega super cream DA produced significant increase in the roughness of the polished surfaces of both types of acrylic specimens (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The majority of the investigated DAs appears not to affect the surface roughness of denture base materials. Only Corega super cream DA produced detectable increase in the roughness of polished surfaces of denture base specimens.
Nestin expressions of exposed pulp after direct pulp capping by calcium hydroxide and platelet rich plasma
Authors: Puspita Sartika , Utoro Totok , Haniastuti Tetiana
Published: June 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate nestin expression of pulp tissue following direct pulp capping with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Materials and Methods: The thirty sound teeth from Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into two groups: Groups 1, teeth were capped with calcium hydroxide/Ca(OH)2 (n = 15) and Group 2 with PRP (n = 15). After 1st, 7th, and 21st days, respectively, 5 teeth each group (American Dental Association 41) were processed for light microscopic examination. Expressions of nestin were assessed by immunohistochemical techniques. Results: Nestin expression of Ca(OH)2 on the distance place of exposure at 1st and 7th days were 80% and at 21st day were 60%. Nestin expression of PRP on the distance place at 1st day was 80%, 7th 100%, and 21st day was 80%. At day 21 observation, Kruskal–Wallis test shows nestin expression was increased significantly in PRP groups (P < 0.05), but it was not increase significantly compare with Ca(OH)2. Conclusion: PRP had ability as a direct pulp capping material to induce nestin expression.
The prevalence and distribution of nonsyndromic hyperdontia in a group of Qatari orthodontic and pediatric patients
Authors: Alhashimi Najah , Al Jawad Feras H. Abed , Al Sheeb Muneera , Al Emadi Buthaina , Al-Abdulla Jamal , Al Yafei Hanan
Published: June 2016

Objective: There is no data specific to the Qatari population on the prevalence and distribution of hyperdontia. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of hyperdontia in the permanent teeth among a group of Qatari sample and to compare the present results with findings from other populations. Materials and Methods: Records of 1269 Qatari patients (674 females; mean age 11.8 ± 2.3 and 595 males; mean age 11.4 ± 2.2 years) which included panoramic radiographs were examined to identify hyperdontia in the permanent dentition. Supernumerary teeth were assessed for their location, morphology, number, and whether impacted or not. Results: The prevalence of hyperdontia was 1.6% (females 0.7% and males 0.9%; P < 0169). The most common type of supernumerary teeth was the supplemental (45.5%), followed by the conical (40%). Of the supplemental teeth, the mandibular incisor was the most prevalent (60%), followed by the premolar (20%). No significant difference in the prevalence was found between the maxilla and mandible. More than half of supernumerary teeth identified were impacted (54.5%). Conclusions: The prevalence of hyperdontia in a group of Qatari population was within the normal range of the majority of published studies in the literature. Although not significant, hyperdontia cases were more prevalent in male patients.
Biomechanics of cervical tooth region and noncarious cervical lesions of different morphology; three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Jakupović Selma , Anić Ivica , Ajanović Muhamed , Korać Samra , Konjhodžić Alma , Džanković Aida , Vuković Amra
Published: June 2016

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the influence of presence and shape of cervical lesions on biomechanical behavior of mandibular first premolar, subjected to two types of occlusal loading using three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM). Materials and Methods: 3D models of the mandibular premolar are created from a micro computed tomography X-ray image: model of sound mandibular premolar, model with the wedge-shaped cervical lesion (V lesion), and model with saucer-shaped cervical lesion (U lesion). By FEM, straining of the tooth tissues under functional and nonfunctional occlusal loading of 200 (N) is analyzed. For the analysis, the following software was used: CTAn program 1.10 and ANSYS Workbench (version 14.0). The results are presented in von Mises stress. Results: Values of calculated stress in all tooth structures are higher under nonfunctional occlusal loading, while the functional loading is resulted in homogeneous stress distribution. Nonfunctional load in the cervical area of sound tooth model as well as in the sub-superficial layer of the enamel resulted with a significant stress (over 50 [MPa]). The highest stress concentration on models with lesions is noticed on the apex of the V-shaped lesion, while stress in saucer U lesion is significantly lower and distributed over wider area. Conclusion: The type of the occlusal teeth loading has the biggest influence on cervical stress intensity. Geometric shape of the existing lesion is very important in the distribution of internal stress. Compared to the U-shaped lesions, V-shaped lesions show significantly higher stress concentrations under load. Exposure to stress would lead to its progression.
Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Gavito-Higuera Jose , Mullins Carola Birgit , Ramos-Duran Luis , Olivas Chacon Cristina Ivette , Hakim Nawar , Palacios Enrique
Published: June 2016

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a threat to especially immunocompromised patients and their development is primarily determined by the immune status of the host. With an increasing number of organ transplants, chemotherapy, and human immunodeficiency virus infections, the number of immunocompromised patients as susceptible hosts is growing and fungal infections of the CNS are more frequently encountered. They may result in meningitis, cerebritis, abscess formation, cryptococcoma, and meningeal vasculitis with rapid disease progression and often overlapping symptoms. Although radiological characteristics are often nonspecific, unique imaging patterns can be identified through computer tomography as a first imaging modality and further refined by magnetic resonance imaging. A rapid diagnosis and the institution of the appropriate therapy are crucial in helping prevent an often fatal outcome.
Partitional Classification: A Complement to Phylogeny
Authors: Salomon Marc , Dassy Bruno
Published: June 2016

The tree of life is currently an active object of research, though next to vertical gene transmission non vertical gene transfers proved to play a significant role in the evolutionary process. To overcome this difficulty, trees of life are now constructed from genes hypothesized vital, on the assumption that these are all transmitted vertically. This view has been challenged. As a frame for this discussion, we developed a partitional taxonomical system clustering taxa at a high taxonomical rank. Our analysis (1) selects RNase P RNA sequences of bacterial, archaeal, and eucaryal genera from genetic databases, (2) submits the sequences, aligned, to k-medoid analysis to obtain clusters, (3) establishes the correspondence between clusters and taxa, (4) constructs from the taxa a new type of taxon, the genetic community (GC), and (5) classifies the GCs: Archaea–Eukaryotes contrastingly different from the six others, all bacterial. The GCs would be the broadest frame to carry out the phylogenies.
Narrativa transmedia y percepción cognitiva en El Ministerio del Tiempo (TVE)
Authors: Sánchez Castillo Sebastián , Galan Esteban
Published: June 2016

En el presente trabajo se analiza la serie de ficción de TVE El Ministerio del Tiempo con  el objetivo de determinar si el mayor conocimiento de la serie de ficción, el uso de las redes sociales y los recursos multimedia modifican la percepción del espectador. Metodología: Se procedió a realizar un trabajo de campo compuesto por 124 observadores a los que se les ha aplicado la escala EDI (Escala de identificación con los personajes). Resultados: Se concluye que un mayor conocimiento de la serie y el uso de las propuestas transmedia produce una mayor identificación con los personajes de ficción, aunque solo en los ítems que definen una mayor carga emocional o sentimental. Discusión: Lo anterior evidencia sin embargo, que no es aplicable a la evaluación cognitiva de aquellos espectadores más fieles a la serie. Conclusiones: Con los resultados obtenidos es posible afirmar que los contenidos transmedia se suceden en la percepción de los observadores desde lo racional a lo emocional. El conocimiento previo de la serie y el uso de las propuestas transmedia alarga la relación con lo visionado más allá del disfrute ocasional.
New developments on the Modigliani-Miller theorem
Authors: Aboura Sofiane , Lepinette Emmanuel
Published: June 2016

Знаковая система Модильяни-Миллера (см. [22]) является краеугольным камнем теории корпоративных финансов. Она обеспечивает условия, при которых изменения в структуре капитала предприятия не влияют на его основную стоимость. В связи с финансовым кризисом 2008 года возобновилась дискуссия вокруг уместности применения теоремы Модильяни-Миллера в банковском секторе. В этой статье мы приводим обзор этой теоремы с учетом последних исследований, в которых рассматривались расширения исходной модели. В статье предложена другая формулировка теоремы Модильяни-Миллера с учетом разработок Марковица. При таком подходе, мы рассматриваем случай неявных государственных гарантий, предоставляемых банкам. Наш основной результат
показывает, что в этом случае банк не удовлетворяет условиям теоремы Модильяни-Миллера, а именно: банки предпочтут использовать систему финансовых рычагов вместо справедливости.
Стратегии, связанные с моментом инвестирования и размером вкладываемой суммы, в условиях асимметричной информации
Authors: Cui X , Shibata T
Published: June 2016

Мы обобщаем проблему асимметричной информации, включая в нее не только решение о моменте инвестирования, но также и стратегию определения размера инвестиций. Мы показываем, что момент инвестиции откладывается на больший срок при асимметричной, чем при полной информации, следствием чего является уменьшение стоимости акций. Однако, чтобы уменьшить эту неэффективность, инвестиционные вложения выбираются большими при асимметричной, чем при полной информации. Таким образом, при асимметричной информации имеет место компромисс между эффективностями от момента инвестиции и от ее величины.
First passage problems over increasing boundaries for Lévy processes with exponentially decayed Lévy measures
Authors: Kaji Shunsuke
Published: June 2016

В этой заметке мы исследуем задачу о нахождении распределения времени первого выхода процесса Леви через одностороннюю нелинейную границу. Наша основная теорема утверждает, что хвост распределения времени пересечения через границу $f(t)$ имеет степенной порядок $-{1}/{\alpha}$, где $1<\alpha \le 2$, тогда и только тогда, когда функция $|f(t)|t^{-{1}/{\alpha}-1}$ является интегрируемой на интервале $[1,\infty)$. Этот результат обобщает результаты Новикова [10], [12].
Maximal exponential inequalities for certain diffusion processes
Authors: Makasu Cloud
Published: June 2016

В статье доказаны экспоненциальные неравенства для некоторого класса диффузионных процессов. Полученные результаты расширяют известные максимальные неравенства степенного типа на случаи броуновского и геометрического броуновского движений. Предложенный метод доказательства в существенной степени основан на решениях задач об оптимальной остановке таких как, например, в работе Л. А. Шеппа и А. Н. Ширяева [10], но с мультипликативной функцией выигрыша. Ключевую роль в доказательстве одного из основных результатов этой работы играет принцип сравнения решений системы нелинейных уравнений первого порядка.
Exploring the beliefs of Australian prefabricated house builders
Authors: Steinhardt Dale A , Manley Karen
Published: June 2016

The housing sector accounts for a majority of newly constructed buildings. Prefabrication, defined as the factory construction of houses or significant components, is widely promoted as a means to improve efficiency. This paper focuses on the research questions: RQ1. What are the attitudes of builders towards prefabrication adoption? RQ2. What types of stakeholders do builders believe influence their adoption decisions? RQ3. What types of contextual influences do builders believe impact their adoption decisions? Current prefabrication research has focused on the advantages and disadvantages of prefabrication, without further unpacking the beliefs of stakeholders that underpin them. This paper addresses this gap and increases the understanding of beliefs that can frame interventions to increase the market penetration of prefabrication. Fourteen interviews with Australian prefabricators were undertaken as a Belief Elicitation Study. This qualitative methodology is framed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Results show that modern high-quality prefabricated housing has struggled to overcome historical stigma; improved construction speed has not and is not likely to translate to reduced totals costs for a majority of firms; and prefabrication adoption has been hindered by an almost completely unsupportive industry infrastructure. Recommendations are made to frame arguments in improving short-term outcomes for an industry driven by practical considerations. Future discourse must focus on cost impacts, financial security and risk reduction. Establishing networks of prefabricators that can build a strong, unified voice for the industry should be prioritised.
Particle settling and convective mixing in the Saharan Air Layer as seen from an integrated model, lidar, and in-situ perspective
Authors: Gasteiger Josef , Groß Silke , Weinzierl Bernadett , Sauer Daniel , Freudenthaler Volker
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Long-range transport of aerosol in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) across the Atlantic plays an important role for weather, climate, and ocean fertilization. However, processes occurring within the SAL and their effects on aerosol properties are still unclear. In this work we study particle settling and convective mixing within the SAL based on measured and modeled vertical aerosol profiles in the upper 1 km of the transported SAL. We use ground-based POLIS lidar measurements and airborne particle counter measurements over the Western Atlantic, as well as space-based CALIOP lidar measurements from Africa to the Western Atlantic. In our model we take account of the optical properties and the Stokes gravitational settling of irregularly-shaped Saharan dust particles. We test two hypotheses about the occurrence of convective mixing within the SAL over the Atlantic to explain the aerosol properties observed by the lidars and the particle counter. Our first hypothesis (H1) assumes that no mixing occurs in the SAL leading to an altitude separation of super-micron dust particles as a result of settling. The second hypothesis (H2) assumes that convective mixing occurs in the SAL during the day allowing large super-micron dust particles to stay airborne longer than without convective mixing. In general, a decrease of the particle linear depolarization ratio towards the SAL top is found in the measured lidar data but the decrease is much weaker than modeled in case of H1. The in-situ data on particle number concentrations show a presence of large particles near the SAL top that is inconsistent with H1. Furthermore, the analysis of the CALIOP measurements reveals that the average vertical profile of the linear depolarization ratio of the aerosols in the upper 1 km of the SAL does not change along its transport path over the Atlantic. These findings indicate H2 to be much more likely than H1, giving evidence that convective mixing occurs within the SAL over the Atlantic with significant consequences for the evolution of the size distribution of the super-micron dust particles during transport.
Radiation fog formation alerts using attenuated backscatter power from automatic Lidars and ceilometers
Authors: Haeffelin Martial , Laffineur Quentin , Bravo-Aranda Juan-Antonio , Drouin Marc-Antoine , Casquero-Vera Juan-Andrés , Dupont Jean-Charles , De Backer Hugo
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Radiation fog occurs over many locations around the world in stable atmospheric conditions. Air traffic at busy airports can be significantly disrupted because low visibility at the ground makes it unsafe to take off, land and taxi on the ground. Current numerical weather prediction forecasts are able to predict general conditions favorable for fog formation, but not the exact time or location of fog occurrence. A selected set of observations available in near realtime at strategic locations could also be useful to track the evolution of key processes and key parameters that drive fog formation. Such observations could complement the information predicted by NWP models that is made available to airport forecasters in support of their fog forecast. This paper presents an experimental setup based on collocated automatic lidar and ceilometer measurements, relative humidity measurements and horizontal visibility measurements to study hygroscopic growth of fog condensation nuclei. This process can take several minutes to hours and can be tracked using lidar or ceilometer attenuated backscatter profiles. Based on hygroscopic growth laws we derive a set of parameters that can be used to provide alerts minutes to hours prior to formation of radiation fog. We present an algorithm that uses the temporal evolution of attenuated backscatter measurements to derive pre-fog formation alerts. The performance of the algorithm is tested on 45 independent pre-fog situations at two locations (near Paris, France and Brussels, Belgium). We find that pre-fog alerts occur predominantly 10–50 min prior to fog formation at an altitude ranging 0 to 100 m above ground. In a few cases, alerts can occur up to 100 min prior to fog formation. Alert durations are found to be sensitive to relative humidity conditions found a few hours prior to the fog.
New and improved infrared absorption cross sections for chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)
Authors: Harrison Jeremy J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The most widely used hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) commercially since the 1930s has been chloro-difluoromethane, or HCFC-22, which has the undesirable effect of depleting stratospheric ozone. As this molecule is currently being phased out under the Montreal Protocol, monitoring its concentration profiles using infrared sounders crucially requires accurate laboratory spectroscopic data. This work describes new high-resolution infrared absorption cross sections of chlorodifluoromethane over the spectral range 730–1380 cm−1, determined from spectra recorded using a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (Bruker IFS 125HR) and a 26 cm pathlength cell. Spectra of chlorodifluoromethane/dry synthetic air mixtures were recorded at resolutions between 0.01 and 0.03 cm−1 (calculated as 0.9/MOPD; MOPD denotes the maximum optical path difference) over a range of temperatures and pressures (7.5–762 Torr and 191–295 K) appropriate for atmospheric conditions. This new cross-section dataset improves upon the one currently available in the HITRAN (HIgh-resolution TRANsmission) and GEISA (Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmosphériques) databases; in particular it provides coverage over a wider range of pressures and temperatures, has more accurate wavenumber scales, more consistent integrated band intensities, improved signal-to-noise, is free of channel fringing, and additionally covers the ν2 and ν7 bands.
Interactions between nocturnal turbulent flux, storage and advection at an ‘ideal’ eucalypt woodland site
Authors: McHugh Ian D. , Beringer Jason , Cunningham Shaun C. , Baker Patrick J. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Mac Nally Ralph , Thompson Ross M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. While the eddy covariance technique has become an important technique for estimating long-term ecosystem carbon balance, under certain conditions the measured turbulent flux of carbon at a given height above an ecosystem does not represent the true surface flux. Profile systems have been deployed to measure periodic storage of carbon below the measurement height, but have not been widely adopted. This is most likely due to the additional expense and complexity, and possibly also the perception – given that net storage over intervals exceeding 24 hours is generally negligible – that these measurements are not particularly important. In this study, we used a three year record of net ecosystem exchange of carbon and simultaneous measurements of carbon storage to ascertain the relative contributions of turbulent carbon flux, storage and advection (calculated as a residual quantity) to the nocturnal carbon balance, and to quantify the effect of neglecting storage. The conditions at the site are in relative terms highly favourable for eddy covariance measurements, yet we found a substantial contribution (~ 40 %) of advection to nocturnal turbulent flux underestimation. The most likely mechanism for advection is cooling-induced drainage flows, the effects of which were observed in the storage measurements. The remaining ~ 60 % of flux underestimation was due to storage of carbon. We also showed that substantial underestimation of carbon uptake (approximately 80 gC m−2 a−1, or 25 % of annual carbon uptake) arose when standard methods of nocturnal flux correction were implemented in the absence of storage estimates. These biases were much larger than quantifiable uncertainties in the data. Neglect of storage also distorted the relationships between the carbon exchange processes (respiration and photosynthesis) and their key controls (light and temperature, respectively). We conclude that addition of storage measurements to eddy covariance sites with all but the lowest measurement heights should be a high priority for the flux measurement community.
Global Ocean Particulate Organic Carbon Flux Merged with Satellite Parameters
Authors: Mouw Colleen  B. , Barnett Audrey , McKinley Galen A. , Gloege Lucas , Pilcher Darren
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux estimated from POC concentration observations from sediment traps and 234Th are compiled across the global ocean. The compilation includes six time series locations: CARIACO, K2, OSP, BATS, OFP and HOT. Efficiency of the biological pump of carbon to the deep ocean depends largely on biologically mediated export of carbon from the surface ocean and its remineralization with depth, thus biologically related parameters able to be estimated from satellite observations were merged at the POC observation sites. Satellite parameters include: net primary production, percent microplankton, sea surface temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm, euphotic zone depth, as well as, climatological mixed layer depth. 85 % of the observations across the globe are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere with 44 % of the data record overlapping the satellite record. Time series sites accounted for 36 % of the data. 71 % of the data is measured at ≥ 500 m with the most common deployment depths between 1000 and 1500 m. This dataset is valuable for investigations of CO2 drawdown, carbon export, remineralization, and sequestration. The compiled data can be freely accessed at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.855600.
PRICISE TARGET GEOLOCATION AND TRACKING BASED ON UAV VIDEO IMAGERY
Authors: Hosseinpoor H. R. , Samadzadegan F. , Dadrasjavan F.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. There is an increasingly large number of applications for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) from monitoring, mapping and target geolocation. However, most of commercial UAVs are equipped with low-cost navigation sensors such as C/A code GPS and a low-cost IMU on board, allowing a positioning accuracy of 5 to 10 meters. This low accuracy cannot be used in applications that require high precision data on cm-level. This paper presents a precise process for geolocation of ground targets based on thermal video imagery acquired by small UAV equipped with RTK GPS. The geolocation data is filtered using an extended Kalman filter, which provides a smoothed estimate of target location and target velocity. The accurate geo-locating of targets during image acquisition is conducted via traditional photogrammetric bundle adjustment equations using accurate exterior parameters achieved by on board IMU and RTK GPS sensors, Kalman filtering and interior orientation parameters of thermal camera from pre-flight laboratory calibration process. The results of this study compared with code-based ordinary GPS, indicate that RTK observation with proposed method shows more than 10 times improvement of accuracy in target geolocation.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALL-PURPOSE FREE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TOOL
Authors: González-Aguilera D. , López-Fernández L. , Rodriguez-Gonzalvez P. , Guerrero D. , Hernandez-Lopez D. , Remondino F. , Menna F. , Nocerino E. , Toschi I. , Ballabeni A. , Gaiani M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Photogrammetry is currently facing some challenges and changes mainly related to automation, ubiquitous processing and variety of applications. Within an ISPRS Scientific Initiative a team of researchers from USAL, UCLM, FBK and UNIBO have developed an open photogrammetric tool, called GRAPHOS (inteGRAted PHOtogrammetric Suite). GRAPHOS allows to obtain dense and metric 3D point clouds from terrestrial and UAV images. It encloses robust photogrammetric and computer vision algorithms with the following aims: (i) increase automation, allowing to get dense 3D point clouds through a friendly and easy-to-use interface; (ii) increase flexibility, working with any type of images, scenarios and cameras; (iii) improve quality, guaranteeing high accuracy and resolution; (iv) preserve photogrammetric reliability and repeatability. Last but not least, GRAPHOS has also an educational component reinforced with some didactical explanations about algorithms and their performance. The developments were carried out at different levels: GUI realization, image pre-processing, photogrammetric processing with weight parameters, dataset creation and system evaluation. The paper will present in detail the developments of GRAPHOS with all its photogrammetric components and the evaluation analyses based on various image datasets. GRAPHOS is distributed for free for research and educational needs.
CONCEPT AND PRACTICE OF TEACHING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF 3D DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING: A CASE STUDY OF CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING
Authors: Kravchenko Iulia , Luhmann Thomas , Shults Roman
Published: June 2016

Abstract. For the preparation of modern specialists in the acquisition and processing of three-dimensional data, a broad and detailed study of related modern methods and technologies is necessary. One of the most progressive and effective methods of acquisition and analyzing spatial data is terrestrial laser scanning. The study of methods and technologies for terrestrial laser scanning is of great importance not only for GIS specialists, but also for surveying engineers who make decisions in traditional engineering tasks (monitoring, executive surveys, etc.). The understanding and formation of the right approach in preparing new professionals need to develop a modern and variable educational program. This educational program must provide effective practical and laboratory work and the student’s coursework. The resulting knowledge of the study should form the basis for practical or research of young engineers. In 2014, the Institute of Applied Sciences (Jade University Oldenburg, Germany) and Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (Kiev, Ukraine) had launched a joint educational project for the introduction of terrestrial laser scanning technology for collection and processing of spatial data. As a result of this project practical recommendations have been developed for the organization of educational processes in the use of terrestrial laser scanning. An advanced project-oriented educational program was developed which is presented in this paper. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the program a 3D model of the big and complex main campus of Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture has been generated.
THE ‘MOON MAPPING’ PROJECT TO PROMOTE COOPERATION BETWEEN STUDENTS OF ITALY AND CHINA
Authors: Scaioni M. , Giommi P. , Brunetti M. T. , Carli C. , Cerroni P. , Cremonese G. , Forlani G. , Gamba P. , Lavagna M. , Melis M. T. , Massironi M. , Ori G. , Salese F. , Zinzi A. , Xie G. , Kang Z. , Shi R. , Sun Y. , Wu Y.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The research project ‘Moon Mapping’ has been established in 2014 between the Italian and Chinese Governments to promote cooperation and exchange between undergraduate students from both countries. The operational phase of the project started in early 2015, and will end in 2017, for a total length of three years. The main aim is to train new scholars to be able to work on different kinds of remotely-sensed data collected over the Moon surface by the Chinese space missions Chang’E-1/2. The project coordination has been assigned to the Italian Space Agency for the Italian side and to the Center of Space Exploration, China Ministry of Education, for the Chinese side. Several Chinese universities and Italian national research institutes and universities have been officially involved in this project. Six main research topics have been identified: (1) map of the solar wind ion; (2) geomorphological map of the Moon; (3) data preprocessing of Chang’E-1 mission; (4) map of element distribution; (5) establishment of 3D digital visualization system; and (6) compilation and publication of a tutorial on joint lunar mapping.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVE TEACHING METHODS AND EMERGING TOPICS IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING SUBJECTS
Authors: Kosmatin Fras M. , Grigillo D.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Fast technological developments in photogrammetry and remote sensing areas demand quick and steady changes in the education programme and its realization. The university teachers and assistants are faced with ensuring the learning materials, data and software for practical lessons, as well as project proposals for student’s team work and bachelor or master thesis. In this paper the emerging topics that already have a considerable impact in the practice are treated mostly from the educational aspect. These relatively new topics that are considered in this paper are unmanned aerial systems for spatial data collection, terrestrial and aerial laser scanning, mobile mapping systems, and novelties in satellite remote sensing. The focus is given to practical implementation of these topics into the teaching and learning programme of Geodesy and Geoinformation at the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, and experiences gained by the authors so far. Together with the technological advances, the teaching approaches must be modernized as well. Classical approaches of teaching, where a lecturer gives lecture ex cathedra and students are only listeners, are not effective enough. The didactics science of teaching has developed and proved in the practice many useful approaches that can better motivate students for more active learning. We can use different methods of team work like pro et contra debate, buzzing groups, press conference, moderated discussion etc. An experimental study on active teaching methods in the class of students of the Master programme of Geodesy and Geoinformation has been made and the results are presented. After using some new teaching methods in the class, the students were asked to answer two types of a questionnaire. First questionnaire was the standard form developed by Noel Entwistle, an educational psychologist who developed the Approaches to Studying Inventory (ASI) for identifying deep and surface approaches to learning. The second questionnaire was developed for our purpose to get the feedback from students on active teaching and learning methods. Although this investigation has been done only for one class of master programme students, the results are encouraging and we could extract some recommendations for the future.
BASELINE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM WITH BLOCK ADJUSTMENT FOR MULTI-PASS DUAL-ANTENNA INSAR
Authors: Jin Guowang , Xiong Xin , Xu Qing , Gong Zhihui , Zhou Yang
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Baseline parameters and interferometric phase offset need to be estimated accurately, for they are key parameters in processing of InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar). If adopting baseline estimation algorithm with single pass, it needs large quantities of ground control points to estimate interferometric parameters for mosaicking multiple passes dual-antenna airborne InSAR data that covers large areas. What’s more, there will be great difference between heights derived from different passes due to the errors of estimated parameters. So, an estimation algorithm of interferometric parameters with block adjustment for multi-pass dual-antenna InSAR is presented to reduce the needed ground control points and height’s difference between different passes. The baseline estimation experiments were done with multi-pass InSAR data obtained by Chinese dual-antenna airborne InSAR system. Although there were less ground control points, the satisfied results were obtained, as validated the proposed baseline estimation algorithm.
ACCELERATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAP PRODUCTION USING SEMI-AUTOMATIC DTM FROM DSM RADAR DATA
Authors: Rizaldy Aldino , Mayasari Ratna
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) is government institution in Indonesia which is responsible to provide Topographic Map at several map scale. For medium map scale, e.g. 1:25.000 or 1:50.000, DSM from Radar data is very good solution since Radar is able to penetrate cloud that usually covering tropical area in Indonesia. DSM Radar is produced using Radargrammetry and Interferrometry technique. The conventional method of DTM production is using “stereo-mate”, the stereo image created from DSM Radar and ORRI (Ortho Rectified Radar Image), and human operator will digitizing masspoint and breakline manually using digital stereoplotter workstation. This technique is accurate but very costly and time consuming, also needs large resource of human operator. Since DSMs are already generated, it is possible to filter DSM to DTM using several techniques. This paper will study the possibility of DSM to DTM filtering using technique that usually used in point cloud LIDAR filtering. Accuracy of this method will also be calculated using enough numbers of check points. If the accuracy meets the requirement, this method is very potential to accelerate the production of Topographic Map in Indonesia.