bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Mining Technology-Based Teaching Mode for Mining Engineering
Authors: Chen Zhongqiang , Liu Lang , Qi Xueyuan , Geng Junjun
Published: October 2016

In this paper, the main problem in present mining engineering teaching was analyzed. Based on the analysis, the study of bringing digital mining technology into mining engineering teaching was presented. Furthermore, a new mining engineering teaching mode that includes mining knowledge demonstration, mining expertise building, mining environment modeling, and creative mining thought was also presented. In the teaching mode, 3D digital mining technology was used to model the mining environment. The modeled environment facilitated a systematic mining teaching system that helped students understand both mining concepts and mining operations. Thus, the instructor, student, and mining workers were essential to the teaching mode. The use of digital mining technology and relevant multimedia made mining teaching vivid and easy to be understood. Digitized primary data in mining engineering were readily and visually understood by students. Simulated 3D mining scenario generated with the data helped students understand theory and practice. Meanwhile, application of distant information technology helped mining workers in the abovementioned mining engineering teaching mode to be involved, thereby providing first-hand experience for classroom mining teaching. Hence, the digital mining based mining engineering teaching mode shows considerable promise in raising teaching effectiveness and efficiency.
Effects of crowding on larval diapause and adult body size in Monochamus alternatus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Togashi Katsumi
Published: October 2016

To determine the effect of larval crowding on induction of diapause in Monochamus alternatus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), newly hatched larvae were inoculated singly (density 1) or in pairs (density 2) on Pinus thunbergii Parlatore (Pinaceae) bolts and reared at 25 °C and 16 light:8 dark hour photoperiod. Adults emerged at density 1 and 2 between 75 and 139 days after the inoculation. About 150 days after larval inoculation, dissection of pine bolts indicated the incidence of larval diapause was greater at density 1 (0.536) than at density 2 (0.222), indicating inversely density-dependent induction of diapause. For both larval densities, the probability of entering diapause increased as bark surface area per larva (a proxy for per capita amount of food available) increased, showing that diapause induction can be explained by the amount of food available per larva. Adults that emerged at density 1 were heavier than those at density 2. When diapause and nondiapause insects occurred in the same pine bolts, six heavy adults had experienced diapause whereas three heavy adults had not, indicating that bark surface area affected the induction of diapause indirectly through larval interaction. The relationship between two different manners of density-dependent diapause induction and food supply is discussed.
Polymicrobial Sepsis Diminishes Dendritic Cell Numbers and Function Directly Contributing to Impaired Primary CD8 T Cell Responses In Vivo
Authors: Strother Robert K. , Danahy Derek B. , Kotov Dmitri I. , Kucaba Tamara A. , Zacharias Zeb R. , Griffith Thomas S. , Legge Kevin L. , Badovinac Vladimir P.
Published: October 2016

Patients surviving acute stages of sepsis often display impaired adaptive-immune responses. Using the cecal ligation and puncture model, we demonstrated that sepsis leads to substantial and long-lasting changes in the naive CD8 T cell repertoire, affecting the capacity of the host to respond to new infections. However, the identity of CD8 T cell–extrinsic factor(s) and mechanism(s) that contribute to impaired CD8 T cell responses after sepsis is unknown. Priming of naive CD8 T cells is critically dependent on the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to provide Ag, costimulation, and inflammatory signal 3 cytokines; therefore, the sepsis-induced changes in the DC compartment might represent a contributing factor leading to diminished CD8 T cell immunity in septic hosts. In a direct test of this hypothesis, we show that, in addition to numerical decline, sepsis leads to functional impairments in DCs, diminishing their capacity to produce cytokines upon TLR stimulation in vitro or postinfection in vivo. Importantly, we demonstrated a direct link between DC dysfunction and impairments in CD8 T cell immunity after sepsis by directly targeting Ag to DCs. Finally, postsepsis Flt3 ligand treatment increased the number of DCs and improved DC function, including the ability to sense inflammation and produce IL-12, leading to improved primary CD8 T cell responses to newly encountered Ags. Thus, sepsis-induced numerical and functional loss of DCs contributes to the observed defects in CD8 T cell immunity, and therapeutic approaches designed to improve the status of the DC compartment after sepsis might facilitate the recovery of CD8 T cell immunity.
Building laboratory capacity to combat disease outbreaks in Africa
Authors: Peter Trevor , Keita Mah-Sere , Nkengasong John
Published: October 2016

No abstract available.
Predicting the throughput of grain products at the multipurpose terminal at the Port of Cape Town
Authors: Goedhals-Gerber Leila L.
Published: October 2016

Background: Ports provide vital links in the maritime supply chains on which the trading of countries depend, and their efficiency and performance can contribute largely to the international competitiveness of those countries. However, to achieve and maintain such a contribution, port operators need to understand their role in a national economy and the factors that underlie the efficiency of the intermodal link that ports constitute in international supply chains. One such factor is the capacity of specialised cargo terminals.Objectives: This article described a possible technique for forecasting the throughput of grain imports through the bulk grain terminal at the Port of Cape Town. It determined whether the capacity in the bulk grain terminal is sufficient to handle current and forecasted volumes of imported grains or whether the volumes justify expansion or upgrading of the bulk grain terminal in the Port of Cape Town.Method: The Box–Jenkins methodology for autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models was applied. An ARIMA model – 2 parameter, 1 difference – was selected to do the forecast.Results: The average tonnage of all grains imported through the Port of Cape Town that can be expected in a month is approximately 90 000 tons. The maximum tonnage of all grains imported through the Port of Cape Town that can be expected in a month is approximately 180 000 tons.Conclusion: The analyses show that the demand for imports of grain products at the multipurpose terminal in the Port of Cape Town is not growing substantially. The analyses also identify that the current upper limits of grain imports are within the existing handling and storage capacities of the bulk grain terminal.
A green profitability framework to quantify the impact of green supply chain management in South Africa
Authors: Coetzee Nandie , Bean Wilna L.
Published: October 2016

Background: The greenhouse gas emissions of South Africa are the largest contribution by a country in the African continent. If the carbon emissions are not reduced, they will continue to grow exponentially. South Africa’s emissions are placed in the top 20 in the world when considering per capita emissions.Objectives: The aim of the research article was to investigate how the impact of implementing environmental initiatives on business profitability and sustainability can best be quantified in a South African business.Method: Various methods, theories and best practices were researched to aid in the development of the green business profitability framework. This framework was applied to two case studies in different areas of the supply chain of a South African fast-moving consumer goods business.Results: Results indicated that the green profitability framework can be used successfully to quantify both the environmental and profitability impact of green supply chain initiatives. The framework is therefore more suitable for the South African company than other existing frameworks in the literature because of its ability to quantify both profitability and sustainability in short- and long-term planning scenarios.Conclusion: The results from the case studies indicated that the green business profitability framework enabled the tracking of environmental initiatives back to logistics operations and profitability, which makes it easier to understand and implement. The developed framework also helped to link the carbon emissions to source, and to translate green supply chain actions into goals.
From Introduction to Integration: Providing Community-Engaged Structure for Interprofessional Education
Authors: Griffin Daniel P. , Matte Marie C. , Clements John M. , Palmer Elizabeth A. , Bahlke Laurie A. , Rose Jessica J. Gardon , Salvati Lisa A.
Published: October 2016

Background

Training future healthcare profession students using interprofessional education (IPE) is critical to improve quality of health care and patient safety.

Objective

The objective of this study was to implement an IPE program and determine student satisfaction with each session, including a clinical case requiring teams with members from each profession addressing clinical scenarios.

Subjects

The subjects of this study were students from Athletic Training, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, Physician Assistant, Social Work, and Speech-Language Pathology.

Methods

Evaluations, administered to all participating students, consisted of Likert-style responses, rating agreement with a series of questions, and space for descriptive comments. Score differences for each question were compared using independent group t-tests with a P-value of 0.05 to determine statistical significance.

Results

There were statistically higher satisfaction ratings for the problem-based learning case when compared to less interactive sessions ( P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Students perceived benefits of the IPE program. Perceptions improved when various students had the opportunity to work together on clinically relevant problems.
Los arquitectos de las fundaciones jesuitas valencianas
Authors: Navarro Catalán David Miguel
Published: October 2016

The remarkable collection of buildings constructed by the Society of Jesus in the old Kingdom of Valencia was completed over the course of an extensive process that began in the 16th century. The purpose of this article is to examine the different historical phases of this process and reveal some previously unknown aspects with the aid of unpublished documentation. A great number of craftsmen took part in these works, including a group of architects who were members of the Society whose activity has been disregarded until now. The writings of Fathers Gaspar Alfonso and Diego Olcina on the construction of the Valencian foundations have added to our knowledge of new architects who were members of the Society in the ambit of the old Jesuit province of Aragón. The article also presents the activity of largely unknown craftsmen external to the order, especially Gaspar Martínez, who participated in the construction of numerous Society buildings.
La muralla de Nueva York
Authors: Duran Fernandez Jose
Published: October 2016

The urban history of New York City, its birth and decline, is linked with one basic element: water.  Water was the reason for its foundation and it could be the cause of its disappearance… Water is fundamental to the urban life of this city; it is the element that has fed its growth during its four hundred year existence. Only for this reason does it deserve the upmost attention and an exhaustive study. Water as a limit, wall or barrier, or as an extreme place of opportunity, it is without a doubt a place where the urban future of New York City rests. Although it deals with an uncertain and dystopian future if the forecast of the increase in ocean levels (as a consequence of climate change) holds true. The article is an abridgment of nine short texts and an epilogue, together with their respective ten graphic documents that make up the body of this research. As a result, the reader faces a graphic essay formed by small chapters that will guide them through the romance between New York and water, from its origins to the present day.
El umbral habitado. Dialéctica del límite en la casa de Julio Cano Lasso
Authors: Pancorbo Crespo Luis , Martin Robles Ines
Published: October 2016

Julio Cano’s house-office in La Florida is studied in this text as a clear realization of a conception of the domestic phenomenon as a threshold that sequentially articulates the transit between public and private space. It also serves to illustrate the character of limit that architecture has as a discipline and as a mechanism of spatial production. Julio Cano Lasso’s design tactic used in this building is based on the establishment of rites of passage and the limits of dialectics that link to the history of domestic architecture ranging from the traditional Japanese house to Wright’s Usonian houses. The exemplary character of the building resides in a lay out that shows quite literally a stratification which acts as a regulator of the relationship between the exterior and the interior of the house. This condition, simultaneously, subtly modulates both the degree of privacy of each room and the conditions of permeability among them.
Evaluation of Gingival Health Status among 6- and 12-years-old Children in Dhamar City, Yemen: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Amran Abdullah G , Al-Rafik Noor Al-Huda M
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Epidemiological data on gingivitis in children are important for understanding the natural course of the disease, identifying its risk factors, and predicting its time trends. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of gingivitis among 6- and 12-year-old school children in Dhamar city, Yemen.

Materials and methods

A total of 663 children (310 children of 6 years old and 353 children of 12 years old) were examined from 10 public primary schools. Gingival health status was assessed using the plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), and gingival index (GI) on the six Ramfjord teeth. The latter index was used to categorize gingivitis severity at the subject level. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-squared test, and Spearman's correlation. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Both age groups had high mean of PI and GI with nonsignificant difference. The 12-year-old children had calculus deposits much higher than the 6-year-old group with significant difference. There was a significant correlation between age and gender of the whole sample with CI [(odds ratio, OR = 1.65, p = 0.003) and (OR = 0.74, p = 0.05) respectively]. Most of the participants presented with gingival inflammation, which was less in 12-year-old females.

Conclusion

Poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis were highly prevalent among Yemeni school children.

Clinical significance

The early assessment and intervention of gingivitis and periodontitis will minimize the chance of tooth loss. It has been reported that marginal gingivitis begins early in childhood, increases in prevalence and severity at puberty, and then subsides slightly to the remainder of the second decade of life.

How to cite this article

Amran AG, Alhajj MN, Al-Rafik NA-HM. Evaluation of Gingival Health Status among 6- and 12-years-old Children in Dhamar City, Yemen: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):440-444.
An Evaluation of GuttaFlow2 in Filling Artificial Internal Resorption Cavities: An in vitro Study
Authors: Hajeer Mohammad Y , Mohammad Yara , Alafif Hisham , Yassin Oula
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Obturation of root canal with internal resorption represents a major challenge in Endodontics. In spite of that, usual obturation techniques are often employed without considering the best technique to solve this problem. The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of GuttaFlow2 in filling artificial internal resorption cavities.

Materials and methods

The study sample included 36 human upper central incisors that were prepared using Protaper system (F4). Internal resorption cavities were prepared by cutting each tooth at 7 mm from the apex and preparing hemispherical cavities on both the sides and then re-attaching them. The sample was randomly separated into three groups (n = 12 in each group). In the first group, thermal injection technique (Obtura II) was employed and served as the control group. In the second group, injection of cold free-flow obturation technique with a master cone (GF2-C) was employed, whereas in the third group injection of cold free-flow obturation without a master cone (GF2) was followed. The teeth were re-cut at the same level as before and examined under a stereomicroscope. Subsequently, the captured images were transferred to AutoCAD program to measure the percentage of total filling “TF,” gutta-percha “G,” sealer “S,” and voids “V” out of the total surface of the cross sections.

Results

All materials showed high filling properties in terms of “total filling,” ranging from 99.17% (for Obtura II) to 99.72% (for GF2-C). Regarding gutta-percha percentages of filling, they ranged from 83.15 to 83.93%, whereas those for the sealer ranged from 5.71 to 15.24%. GuttaFlow2 group with a master cone appeared to give the best results despite the insignificant differences among the three groups.

Conclusion

The GuttaFlow2 with a master cone technique seemed to be a promising filling material and gave results similar to those observed with Obtura II. It is recommended for use to obturate internal resorption cavities in clinical practice due to its good adaptability to root canal walls, ease of handling, and application.

Clinical significance

Internal resorption defects can be successfully filled with GuttaFlow2 material when supplemented with a master cone, and the results are comparable with those obtained with the Obtura II technique.

How to cite this article

Mohammad Y, Alafif H, Hajeer MY, Yassin O. An Evaluation of GuttaFlow2 in Filling Artificial Internal Resorption Cavities: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):445-450.
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy decreases the Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case–control Study
Authors: Khare Neha , Vanza Bhavuk , Sagar Deepak , Saurav Kumar , Chauhan Rohit , Mishra Supriya
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are common chronic inflammatory conditions. Several studies suggested a relationship between RA and periodontitis. Recent studies have shown a beneficial effect of periodontal treatment on the severity of active RA. So the aim of this study was to examine the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the clinical parameters of RA.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 subjects with moderateto- severe chronic generalized periodontitis and active RA in the age range 18 to 65 were selected for the study. They were divided into two groups. Group A (control group) consisted of 30 subjects with chronic generalized periodontitis and RA, and group B of 30 subjects with chronic generalized periodontitis and RA and they received nonsurgical periodontal therapy (scaling, root planning, and oral hygiene instructions). Evaluation of clinical observations of Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), number of swollen joints (SJ), number of tender joints (TJ), values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), visual analogue scale (VAS) for patient's global assessment, 3 months disease activity score (DAS) index, and C-reactive protein (CRP) was done at baseline and 3 months. Statistical evaluation of clinical observations was carried out.

Results

Group B subjects who received nonsurgical periodontal therapy showed statistically significant improvement in all periodontal and RA parameters at 3 months, compared with group A who did not receive periodontal therapy.

Conclusion

It can be concluded from the result that nonsurgical periodontal therapy may contribute to reduction in severity and symptoms of RA.

Clinical significance

Rheumatoid arthritis patients should be evaluated for periodontitis and treated for the same in order to reduce its severity level.

How to cite this article

Khare N, Vanza B, Sagar D, Saurav K, Chauhan R, Mishra S. Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy decreases the Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case–control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):484-488.
The Effect of Using Self-ligating Brackets on Maxillary Canine Retraction: A Split-mouth Design Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hajeer Mohammad Y , Hassan Siba E , Alali Osama H , Kaddah Ayham S
Published: October 2016

Introduction

The results of previous studies about the efficacy of using self-ligating brackets (SLBs) in controlling canine movement during retraction are not in harmony. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the effects of using new passive SLBs on maxillary canine retraction with sliding mechanics vs conventional ligating brackets (CLBs) tied with metal ligatures.

Materials and methods

The sample comprised 15 adult patients (4 males, 11 females; 18–24 years) requiring bilateral extraction of maxillary first premolars. Units of randomization are the left or right maxillary canines within the same patient. The two maxillary canines in each patient were randomly assigned to one of the two groups in a simple split-mouth design. The canines in the SLBs group (n = 15) were bracketed with SLBs (Damon Q™), while the canines in the CLBs group (n = 15) were bracketed with conventional brackets (Mini Master Series). Transpalatal bars were used for anchorage. After leveling and alignment, 0.019 × 0.025ʺ stainless steel working archwires were placed. Canines were retracted using a nickel-titanium close-coil springs with a 150 gm force. The amount and rate of maxillary canine retraction, canine rotation, and loss of anchorage were measured on study models collected at the beginning of canine retraction (T0) and 12 weeks later (T1). Differences were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests.

Results

The effect differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Using Damon Q™ SLBs, the amount and rate of canine retraction were greater, while canine rotation and anchorage loss were less.

Conclusion

From a clinical perspective, extraction space closure can be accomplished more effectively using SLBs.

Clinical significance

Self-ligating brackets gave better results compared to the CLBs in terms of rate of movement, amount of canine rotation following extraction, and anchorage loss.

How to cite this article

Hassan SE, Hajeer MY, Alali OH, Kaddah AS. The Effect of Using Self-ligating Brackets on Maxillary Canine Retraction: A Split-mouth Design Randomized Controlled Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):496-503.
Long-term assessment of airborne radiocesium after the Fukushima nuclear
accident: re-suspension from bare soil and forest ecosystems
Authors: Kajino Mizuo , Ishizuka Masahide , Igarashi Yasuhito , Kita Kazuyuki , Yoshikawa Chisato , Inatsu Masaru
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The long-term effect of 137Cs re-suspension from contaminated soil and forests due to the Fukushima nuclear accident has been quantitatively assessed by numerical simulation, a field experiment on dust emission flux in a contaminated area (town of Namie, Fukushima prefecture), and air concentration measurements inside (Namie) and outside (city of Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture) the contaminated area. In order to assess the long-term effect, the full year of 2013 was selected to study just after the start of the field experiments. The 137Cs concentrations at Namie and Tsukuba were approximately 10−1–1 and 10−2–10−1 mBq m−3, respectively. The observed monthly median concentration at Namie was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than that at Tsukuba. This observed difference between the two sites was consistent with the simulated difference, indicating successful modeling of 137Cs re-suspension and atmospheric transport. The estimated re-suspension rate was approximately 10−6 day−1, which was significantly lower than the decreasing rate of the ambient gamma dose rate in Fukushima prefecture (10−4–10−3 day−1) as a result of radioactive decay, migration in the soil and biota, and decontamination. Consequently, re-suspension contributed negligibly in reducing ground radioactivity. The dust emission model could reproduce the air concentration of 137Cs in winter, whereas the summer air concentration was underestimated by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Re-suspension from forests at a constant rate of 10−7 h−1, multiplied by the green area fraction, could explain the air concentration of 137Cs at Namie and its seasonal variation. The simulated contribution of dust re-suspension to the air concentration was 0.7–0.9 in the cold season and 0.2–0.4 in the warm season at both sites; the remainder of the contribution was re-suspension from forest. The re-suspension mechanisms, especially through the forest ecosystems, remain unknown. This is the first study that provides a crude estimation of the long-term assessment of radiocesium re-suspension. Additional research activities should investigate the processes/mechanisms governing the re-suspension over the long term. This could be achieved through conducting additional field experiments and numerical simulations.
The open-ocean sensible heat flux and its significance for Arctic boundary
layer mixing during early fall
Authors: Ganeshan Manisha , Wu Dong L.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The increasing ice-free area during late summer has transformed the Arctic to a climate system with more dynamic boundary layer (BL) clouds and seasonal sea ice growth. The open-ocean sensible heat flux, a crucial mechanism of excessive ocean heat loss to the atmosphere during the fall freeze season, is speculated to play an important role in the recently observed cloud cover increase and BL instability. However, lack of observations and understanding of the resilience of the proposed mechanisms, especially in relation to meteorological and interannual variability, has left a poorly constrained BL parameterization scheme in Arctic climate models. In this study, we use multi-year Japanese cruise-ship observations from R/V Mirai over the open Arctic Ocean to characterize the surface sensible heat flux (SSHF) during early fall and investigate its contribution to BL turbulence. It is found that mixing by SSHF is favored during episodes of high surface wind speed and is also influenced by the prevailing cloud regime. The deepest BLs and maximum ocean–atmosphere temperature difference are observed during cold air advection (associated with the stratocumulus regime), yet, contrary to previous speculation, the efficiency of sensible heat exchange is low. On the other hand, the SSHF contributes significantly to BL mixing during the uplift (low pressure) followed by the highly stable (stratus) regime. Overall, it can explain  ∼  10 % of the open-ocean BL height variability, whereas cloud-driven (moisture and radiative) mechanisms appear to be the other dominant source of convective turbulence. Nevertheless, there is strong interannual variability in the relationship between the SSHF and the BL height which can be intensified by the changing occurrence of Arctic climate patterns, such as positive surface wind speed anomalies and more frequent conditions of uplift. This study highlights the need for comprehensive BL observations like the R/V Mirai for better understanding and predicting the dynamic nature of the Arctic climate.
Characterization of submicron aerosols influenced by biomass burning at a
site in the Sichuan Basin, southwestern China
Authors: Hu Wei , Hu Min , Hu Wei-Wei , Niu Hongya , Zheng Jing , Wu Yusheng , Chen Wentai , Chen Chen , Li Lingyu , Shao Min , Xie Shaodong , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Severe air pollution in Asia is often the consequence of a combination of large anthropogenic emissions and adverse synoptic conditions. However, limited studies on aerosols have been conducted under high emission intensity and under unique geographical and meteorological conditions. In this study, an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS) and other state-of-the-art instruments were utilized at a suburban site, Ziyang, in the Sichuan Basin during December 2012 to January 2013. The chemical compositions of atmospheric submicron aerosols (PM1) were determined, the sources of organic aerosols (OA) were apportioned, and the aerosol secondary formation and aging process were explored as well. Due to high humidity and static air, PM1 maintained a relatively stable level during the whole campaign, with the mean concentration of 59.7 ± 24.1 µg m−3. OA was the most abundant component (36 %) in PM1, characterized by a relatively high oxidation state. Positive matrix factorization analysis was applied to the high-resolution organic mass spectral matrix, which deconvolved OA mass spectra into four factors: low-volatility (LV-OOA) and semivolatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), biomass burning (BBOA) and hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA). OOA (sum of LV-OOA and SV-OOA) dominated OA as high as 71 %. In total, secondary inorganic and organic formation contributed 76 % of PM1. Secondary inorganic species correlated well (Pearson r = 0.415–0.555, p < 0.01) with relative humidity (RH), suggesting the humid air can favor the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols. As the photochemical age of OA increased with higher oxidation state, secondary organic aerosol formation contributed more to OA. The slope of OOA against Ox( = O3+NO2) steepened with the increase of RH, implying that, besides the photochemical transformation, the aqueous-phase oxidation was also an important pathway of the OOA formation. Primary emissions, especially biomass burning, resulted in high concentration and proportion of black carbon (BC) in PM1. During the episode obviously influenced by primary emissions, the contributions of BBOA to OA (26 %) and PM1 (11 %) were much higher than those (10–17 %, 4–7 %) in the clean and other polluted episodes, highlighting the significant influence of biomass burning.
Estimating N2O5 uptake coefficients using ambient measurements of
NO3, N2O5, ClNO2 and particle-phase nitrate
Authors: Phillips Gavin J. , Thieser Jim , Tang Mingjin , Sobanski Nicolas , Schuster Gerhard , Fachinger Johannes , Drewnick Frank , Borrmann Stephan , Bingemer Heinz , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. We present an estimation of the uptake coefficient (γ) and yield of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) (f) for the heterogeneous processing of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) using simultaneous measurements of particle and trace gas composition at a semi-rural, non-coastal, mountain site in the summer of 2011. The yield of ClNO2 varied between (0.035 ± 0.027) and (1.38 ± 0.60) with a campaign average of (0.49 ± 0.35). The large variability in f reflects the highly variable chloride content of particles at the site. Uptake coefficients were also highly variable with minimum, maximum and average γ values of 0.004, 0.11 and 0.028 ± 0.029, respectively, with no significant correlation with particle composition, but a weak dependence on relative humidity. The uptake coefficients obtained are compared to existing parameterizations based on laboratory datasets and with other values obtained by analysis of field data.
The Interactions between Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model Multi-Energy Balance (MEB) option in SURFEX – Part 1: Model description
Authors: Boone Aaron , Samuelsson Patrick , Gollvik Stefan , Napoly Adrien , Jarlan Lionel , Brun Eric , Decharme Bertrand
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) are pushing towards improved realism owing to an increasing number of observations at the local scale, constantly improving satellite data-sets and the associated methodologies to best exploit such data, improved computing resources, and in response to the user community. As a part of the trend in LSM development, there have been ongoing efforts to improve the representation of the land surface processes in the Interactions between the Surface Biosphere Atmosphere (ISBA) LSM within the EXternalized SURFace (SURFEX) model platform. The Force-Restore approach in ISBA has been replaced in recent years by improved realism with respect to for example, multi-layer explicit physically-based options for sub-surface heat transfer, soil hydrological processes, and the composite snowpack. The representation of vegetation processes in SURFEX has also become much more sophisticated in recent years, including photosynthesis and respiration and biochemical processes. It become clear that the conceptual limits of the composite soil-vegetation scheme within ISBA have been reached and there is a need to explicitly separate the canopy vegetation from the soil surface. In response to this issue, a collaboration began in 2008 between the High-Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) consortium and Météo-France with the intention to develop an explicit representation of the vegetation in ISBA under the SURFEX platform. A new parameterization has been developed called the ISBA Multi-Energy Budget (MEB) in order to address these issues. ISBA-MEB consists in a fully-implicit numerical coupling between a multi-layer physically-based snowpack model, a variable-layer soil scheme, an explicit litter layer, a bulk vegetation scheme, and the atmosphere. It also includes a feature which permits a coupling transition of the snowpack from the canopy air to the free atmosphere. It shares many of the routines and physics parameterizations with the standard version of ISBA. This paper is the first of two parts: in part one, the ISBA-MEB model equations, numerical schemes and theoretical background are presented. In part two which is a separate companion paper, a local scale evaluation of the new scheme is presented along with a detailed description of the new forest litter scheme.
The Interactions between Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere
(ISBA) land surface model Multi-Energy Balance
(MEB) option in SURFEX – Part 2: Model evaluation
for local scale forest sites
Authors: Napoly Adrien , Boone Aaron , Samuelsson Patrick , Gollvik Stefan , Martin Eric , Seferian Roland , Carrer Dominique , Decharme Bertrand , Jarlan Lionel
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) need to balance a complicated trade-off between computational cost and complexity in order to adequately represent the exchanges of energy, water and matter with the atmosphere and the ocean. Some current generation LSMs use a simplified or composite canopy approach that generates recurrent errors in simulated soil temperature and turbulent fluxes. In response to these issues, a new version of the Interactions between the Surface Biosphere Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model has recently been developed which explicitly solves the transfer of energy and water from the upper canopy and the forest floor which is characterized as a litter layer. The so-called Multi Energy Balance (MEB) version of ISBA is first evaluated for three well-instrumented contrasting local scale sites, and sensitivity tests are performed to explore the behavior of new model parameters. Second, ISBA-MEB is benchmarked against observations from 42 forested sites from the global micro-meteorological network (FluxNet) for multiple annual cycles. It is shown that ISBA-MEB outperforms the composite version of ISBA in improving the representation of soil temperature, ground, sensible and to a lesser extent latent heat fluxes. Both versions of ISBA give comparable results in terms of simulated latent heat flux because of the similar formulations of the water uptake and the stomatal resistance. However, MEB produces a better agreement with the observations of sensible heat flux than the previous version of ISBA for 87.5 % of the simulated years across the 42 forested FluxNet sites. Most of this improvement arises owing to the improved simulation of the ground conduction flux, which is greatly improved using MEB, especially owing to the forest litter parameterization. It is also shown that certain processes are also modeled more realistically (such as the partitioning of evapotranspiration into transpiration and ground evaporation), even if certain statistical performances are neutral. The analyses demonstrate that shading effect of the vegetation, the explicit treatment of turbulent transfer for the canopy and ground, and the insulating thermal and hydrological effects of the forest floor litter turn out to be essential for simulating the exchange of energy, water and matter across a large range of forest types and climates.
Ground surface temperatures indicate the presence of permafrost in North Africa (Djebel Toubkal, High Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: Vieira Gonçalo , Mora Carla , Faleh Ali
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Relict and present-day periglacial activity have been reported in the literature for the upper reaches of the High Atlas mountains, the highest range in North Africa (Djebel Toubkal – 4,167 m a.s.l.). Lobate features in the Irhzer Ikbi South at 3,800 m a.s.l. have been previously interpreted as an active rock glacier, but no measurements of ground or air temperatures are known to exist for the area. In order to assess on the possible presence of permafrost, analyse data from June 2015 to June 2016 from two air temperature sites at 2,370 and 3,200 m a.s.l., and from four ground surface temperature (GST) sites at 3,200, 3,815, 3,980 and 4,160 m a.s.l. allowing to characterize conditions along an altitudinal gradient along the Oued Ihghyghaye valley to the summit of the Djebel Toubkal. GST were collected at 1-hour intervals and the presence of snow cover at the monitoring sites was validated using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery. Two field visits allowed for logger installation and collection and for assessing the geomorphological features in the area. The results show that snow plays a major role on the thermal regime of the shallow ground, inducing important spatial variability. The lowest site at 3,210 m showed a regime characterized by frequent freeze-thaw cycles during the cold season but with a small number of days of snow. When snow sets, the ground remains isothermal at 0 °C and the thermal regime indicates the absence of permafrost. The highest sites at 3,980 and 4,160 m a.s.l. showed very frequent freeze-thaw cycles and a small influence of the snow cover on GST, reflecting the lack of snow accumulation due to the their wind-exposed settings in a ridge and in the summit plateau. The site located at 3,815 m in the Irhzer Ikbi South valley showed a stable thermal regime from December to March with GST varying from −4.5 to −6 °C, under a continuous snow cover. The site's location in a concave setting favours snow accumulation and lower incoming solar radiation due to the effect of a southwards ridge, favouring the maintenance of a thick snow pack. The stable and low GST are interpreted as a strong indicator of the probable presence of permafrost at this site, an interpretation which is supported by the presence of lobate and arcuate forms in the talus deposits. These results are still a first approach and observations through geophysics and boreholes are foreseen. This is the first time that probable permafrost is reported from temperature observations in the mountains of North Africa.
La mercantilización de la sanidad: el caso de Catalunya
Authors: Martínez Ana , Smith Kayla , Llop-Gironés Alba , Vergara Montse , Benach Joan
Published: October 2016

La mercantilización de los sistemas sanitarios públicos ha sido en las últimas décadas, un proceso creciente, con especial presencia en los sistemas sanitarios de cobertura universal y en países de renta alta como España.  Hay sustanciales diferencias en los sistemas sanitarios de las diferentes comunidades autónomas del estado Español, entre las que Catalunya se caracteriza por tener un sistema sanitario mixto con complejas colaboraciones e interacciones entre los sectores sanitarios público y privado. Mediante un enfoque de revisión narrativa, este artículo aborda diversos aspectos del sistema sanitario catalán, caracterizando los procesos de privatización y mercantilización de la sanidad en Catalunya desde una perspectiva histórica, con especial atención a los cambios legislativos recientes y las medidas de austeridad. El artículo se aproxima, con respecto a la mercantilización, a los eventuales efectos de la misma y de las medidas de austeridad, en la salud de la población y en la estructura, la accesibilidad, la efectividad, la equidad y la calidad de los servicios sanitarios.
Mobile Devices and Applications for Supply Chain Management: Process, Contingency, and Performance Effects
Authors: Schoenherr Tobias
Published: October 2016

While the adoption, use, and impact of mobile devices and applications (MDA) in downstream (B2C) settings have received considerable attention, studies on these issues in the upstream (B2B) context have been largely absent. The present work fills this gap and investigates the use of MDA for supply chain management (SCM). In doing so, we address several shortcomings noted in extant technology acceptance research and merge this framework with the resource-based view. First, arguments are developed for the central role played by behavioral intention in the relationship from perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness to usage behavior, positioning behavioral intention as an important process element. Second, competitive pressure is theorized to represent an influential contingency, moderating the impact of behavioral intention on usage behavior. Third, the impact of usage behavior on five important strategic performance measures necessary for competitive success (delivery, flexibility, quality, cost, and innovation performance) is assessed, pinpointing the value of MDA for SCM across these crucial measures of performance. And fourth, information uncertainty is positioned as a contextual force that can enhance the value of using MDA for competitive performance. Survey data from 217 adopters of MDA for SCM are used to test our expectations.
Analysis of Truck Accidents Using Structural Equation Models
Authors: Mitra Subhro
Published: October 2016

Many researchers and practitioners in the trucking industry have expressed concerns with the implementation of Compliance, Safety and Accountability (CSA), which is a safety management initiative created by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). CSA assigns Behavior Analysis Safety Improvement Categories (BASIC) scores to carriers, based on driver and vehicle performance. This technique of assigning BASIC scores to carriers is a cause of concern for many stakeholders in the industry. This article presents a structural equation model (SEM) to understand the relationship between the BASIC scores and crash records of the carriers. Exogenous variables are Unsafe Driving, Fatigue Driving, Driver Fitness, Controlled Substances/Alcohol, and Vehicle Maintenance. Crash-Per-Million-Miles is the endogenous variable in the SEM. We observed existence of a latent variable driver characteristic, which in turn influences three of the exogenous variables. Based on the SEM model output we concluded that four of the exogenous variables—Unsafe Driving, Fatigue Driving, Driver Fitness, and Controlled Substances/Alcohol—have significant influence on the endogenous variable.
S.O.S. por la infraestructura deportiva y recreativa de la RACS
Authors: Fonseca López Roberto
Published: October 2016

Este estudio realizado por Erik Alvarado Rodríguez consistió en inventariar y evaluar, en cada uno de los cinco municipios costeros de la Región Autónoma del Caribe Sur, la seguridad y condiciones en que se encuentran, por un lado, la infraestructura de estadios, canchas, campos de deportes al aire libre y casas de cultura; y por otro, el equipamiento que existe en los locales, públicos y privados, para la atención a la niñez, la adolescencia y la juventud. También son identificadas las actividades deportivas y de recreación que se realizan en cada infraestructura y las articulaciones interinstitucionales y comunitarias vinculadas al fomento de estas actividades en cada municipio.Wani Vol.69 2014, pp.89-104
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours: A 10 Year Multicenter Audit
Authors: Watson Geoffrey Alan , Kelly D. , Malone E. , Gleeson J. , McEntee G. , Geoghegan J. , Kelly C. M. , McDermott R. , McCaffrey J. A.
Published: October 2016

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are unique neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The development of targeted therapeutic agents such as imatinib mesylate (Glivec) has altered the way on how we now manage these rare malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of GISTs in three Irish tertiary hospitals. Methods: We performed a retrospective, multicenter audit of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumours over a ten year period (2005-2015). Results: 110 patients were included in the study. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom, reported in 30% of patients, while 31% were incidental findings. The stomach was the most common primary site of disease, observed in 77% of cases. 15 patients had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis (14%), and 10 of these patients had liver involvement. More than half of patients (61%) were managed with surgical excision alone (61%), while 24 were managed with surveillance and 28 patients treated with adjuvant Glivec, which was generally well tolerated. 18 patients (20%) demonstrated recurrent or progressive disease after first line treatment. 102 patients (93%) are alive today. Conclusion: While surgery is widely regarded as the primary treatment modality for GISTs the addition of imatinib mesylate has enabled physicians to deliver more personalised treatment while optimising patient outcomes.
Does Portfolio’s Beta in Financial Market Affected by Diversification? Evidence from Amman Stock Exchange
Authors: Matar Ali
Published: October 2016

This study’s goal is to examine the effect of diversification on the portfolio’s beta for stocks of companies listed on the Amman Stock exchange (ASE) return over the 2005-2014 period. Moreover, it will show if the investors can reduce beta in their portfolios by diversification. Monthly data, Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) and portfolio selection model were applied to measure the risk and required rate of return and compare it with the realized rate of return. The results suggest evidence that diversification can only affect unsystematic risk leaving systematic risk unaffected. The regression analysis indicates the existence of a significant relationship between the individual stock β and the portfolio β. The results didn’t approve any relationship between the portfolio size and portfolio β, and the portfolio β is affected only by the individual stock β value.
The Optimization of Reservoir Based on the Combination of ABC Classification Method and Linear Programming Method
Authors: Fangping Li , Yuguo Yang , Yue Wu
Published: October 2016

With the optimization objective of all the goods’ delivery time, this article presents reasonable storage optimum proposal through analysis of the order data of an enterprise warehouse. Firstly, establish a mathematical model by linear programming method in order to get an ideal and accurate storage program and secondly on this basis, combine practical storage location to reach final storage program by optimizing storage location reached by ABC classification method.