bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic, environmental and nutritional characteristics of urban and rural South Indian women in early pregnancy: findings from the South Asian Birth Cohort (START)
Authors: Dwarkanath Pratibha , Vasudevan Anil , Thomas Tinku , Anand Sonia S , Desai Dipika , Gupta Milan , Menezes Gladys , Kurpad Anura V , Srinivasan Krishnamachari
Published: February 2018

Objective

High frequency of low birth weight (LBW) is observed in rural compared with urban Indian women. Since maternal BMI is known to be associated with pregnancy outcomes, the present study aimed to investigate factors associated with BMI in early pregnancy of urban and rural South Indian women.

Design

Prospective observational cohort.

Setting

A hospital-based study conducted at an urban and a rural health centre in Karnataka State.

Subjects

Pregnant women (n 843) aged 18–40 years recruited in early pregnancy from whom detailed sociodemographic, environmental, anthropometric and dietary intake information was collected.

Results

A high proportion of low BMI (32 v. 26 %, P<0·000) and anaemia (48 v. 23 %, P<0·000) was observed in the rural v. the urban cohort. Rural women were younger, had lower body weight, tended to be shorter and less educated. They lived in poor housing conditions, had less access to piped water and good sanitation, used unrefined fuel for cooking and had lower standard of living score. The age (β=0·21, 95 % CI 0·14, 0·29), education level of their spouse (β=1·36, 95 % CI 0·71, 2·71) and fat intake (β=1·24, 95 % CI 0·20, 2·28) were positively associated with BMI in urban women.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that risk factors associated with BMI in early pregnancy are different in rural and urban settings. It is important to study population-specific risk factors in relation to perinatal health.
Mining, characterization and application of transcriptome-based SSR markers in Chinese jiaotou
Authors: Liu Chan , Tang Qing , Cheng Chaohua , Xu Ying , Yang Zemao , Dai Zhigang , Su Jianguang
Published: February 2018

Chinese jiaotou is an economically important crop that is widely cultivated in East Asia. The lack of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers has been a major obstacle for genetic studies of this crop. In the present study, SSR markers were developed for Chinese jiaotou on a large scale, based on the crop's transcriptome assembledde novoby a previous study. A search for SSR loci in the transcriptome's expressed sequence tags (ESTs) revealed 2157 SSRs, of which primer pairs could be developed for 1494. Among these resulting SSRs, trinucleotide repeat motifs were the most abundant type, with GAA/TTC motifs occurring most frequently. Analysing the annotated function of SSR-containing ESTs revealed that they enriched into the GO categories involved in transcription regulation, oxidation–reduction, transport, etc. The quality and transferability of these markers were also assessed using 100 randomly selected EST–SSRs, and the result showed that these markers were of good quality and possessed high cross-species transferability. In addition, the developed SSR markers were used to analyse the genetic diversity of 19 cultivated and four wild accessions, resulting in three distinct groups, cluster I, II and III. Interestingly, all four wild accessions were assigned to cluster III, and two local varieties from northern Hunan, China, were closely related to the wild genotypes. These results provide new insights into the origin of Chinese jiaotou. The EST–SSRs developed herein represent the first large-scale development of SSR markers in Chinese jiaotou, and they can be widely used for genetic studies of the crop.
Tomato landraces: an analysis of diversity and preferences
Authors: Lázaro Almudena
Published: February 2018

This study evaluates the agronomic and morphological traits, chemical composition and traits related to consumer perception of local tomato landraces mostly collected in the suburban area of Madrid. Results showed remarkable variability at all the studied levels in this small area – intra- and inter-accession variability, and in morphological, agronomical and quality traits – and was often dependent on the environmental conditions where the crop was grown. However, few morphotypes could be defined. Some morphological traits of the studied samples seemed to be associated. For instance, ribbed fruits ripened with green shoulder and dark flesh accumulated more soluble solids. Consumer appreciation and fruit morphology, i.e. traits related to fruit size and shape, seemed to be the main determinants of tomato-type definition, although nutrient content also played an important role. Consumers positively received heirloom tomatoes, especially when they were cultivated in the open-field near their area of selection where they express their full potential in the nutrient synthesis and sensory properties. Although total soluble solids content seems to be the main trait related to appreciation, some morphological traits could be determinant in consumers’ choice. Furthermore, some consumers were more interested in different tomato typologies and nutritional characters like acidity.
Microsatellites characteristics analysis and SSR marker development for Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum based on transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Chen Lin , Dong Hui , Wang Jianwen , Li Longna , Xu Meng
Published: February 2018

Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook. f.) Stein (Orchidaceae) is a valuable but endangered ornamental plant. In the present study, the microsatellites characteristics were analysed and 14 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed based on the de novo transcriptome sequencing for P. hirsutissimum using Illumina pair-end sequencing technology. A total of 7406 SSRs were detected in 56,688 unigenes, with the occurrence frequency of 13.06% and an average density of one SSR per 5.42 kb; and 150 primer pairs randomly selected from 2090 pairs except mononucleotide repeats were synthesized for verification. These loci were validated in 32 individuals from the concentrated distribution centre, and were successfully amplified using 14 primer sets showing a high level of polymorphism. These SSR markers will be useful in future studies of genetic diversity, the population structure of P. hirsutissimum and make effective conservation strategy.
COMMERCIALIZING THE SACRED OFFICE: SEXUAL REVOLUTION AND THE SCANDAL OF THE MODERN MARRYING PARSON, 1895–1930
Authors: Putz Paul Emory
Published: February 2018

Between the 1890s and the 1930s, the “marrying parson”—a minister willing to perform on-demand marriages—became a well-known American cultural figure, caricatured and depicted in daily newspapers and popular magazines. To date, however, no scholar has analyzed this cultural phenomenon. This article explains and analyzes the rise of the marrying parson to cultural prominence in the early twentieth century. It discusses, first, the legal and cultural environment that gave marrying parsons a legal product—a state-sanctioned marriage—that they could sell; and second, the Progressive Era fears over changes in sexual behavior that made marrying parsons both prominent and controversial in popular discourse. Because marrying parsons were marked as religious figures, white Protestant leaders and reformers viewed them as traitors from within, traitors who commercialized the legal privileges of their sacred office as they undermined Protestants' attempts to combat divorce, protect the sexual innocence of young women, and limit youthful sexual autonomy. Although marrying parsons are no longer prominent in popular discourse, religiously ordained individuals continue the quick-marriage activities of early twentieth-century “marrying parsons,” thus revealing the limits of attempts by Protestant leaders to police the commercial use of religious privilege.
Effects of crude aqueous extracts of indigenous pesticidal plants on the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Mazhawidza E. , Mvumi B. M. , Mazarura U.
Published: February 2018

Effects of pesticidal plant extracts on non-targeted species are rare. Direct topical and residual sprays of crude aqueous extracts of three pesticidal plants: Datura stramonium L. Bobgunnia madagascariensis Kirkbr. & Wiersema and Solanum delagoense L. were assessed in laboratory bioassays and on-station experiments against the ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze). The plants are routinely used by smallholder vegetable farmers to control aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae L. attacking rape, Brassica napus L. The crude extracts of D. stramonium fresh leaves, S. delagoense fresh fruits and B. madagascariensis dried pods, were applied separately at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% w/v under laboratory conditions. Application rates of 20% and 25% w/v of the plant extracts were further evaluated on-station. Negative (tap water) and positive (dimethoate® (36% E.C)) controls were included for comparison. The mortality of H. variegata was recorded 24, 48 and 72 h post-exposure. In on-station experiments, treatments were applied fortnightly and live H. variegata adults were counted at 1, 7 and 14 days post-application. Mortality of H. variegata in laboratory bioassays increased with increase in post-exposure time and B. madagascariensis (25% w/v) caused the highest mortality. Based on LD50 values, B. madagascariensis extracts were most toxic (LD50, 30% w/v) followed by D. stramonium (LD50, 34% w/v) and S. delagoense (LD50, 49% w/v) 24 h post-application. In on-station experiments, the synthetic chemical significantly lowered (P < 0.05) H. variegata numbers compared to the negative control and plant extracts. The results showed that D. stramonium and S. delagoense extracts at the application rates used in the study were relatively safer to H. variegata than B. madagascariensis (25% w/v); hence, the former two plants can be included in integrated pest management programmes.
From Cambridge Keynesian to institutional economist: the unnoticed contributions of Robert Neild
Authors: HODGSON GEOFFREY M. , GAGLIARDI FRANCESCA , GINDIS DAVID
Published: February 2018

Robert Neild (born 1924) has made a major contribution to economics and to peace studies. This paper provides a brief sketch of Neild's life and work. While noting his research in economic policy and peace studies, this essay devotes more attention to his largely unnoticed contributions to institutional and evolutionary economics since 1984. These are important in their own right, but they are especially notable because Cambridge heterodox economists have been devoted mainly to other approaches, including Marxism and post-Keynesianism. Neild's distinctive contribution is partly explained by his closeness to both Nicholas Kaldor and Gunnar Myrdal. Myrdal made explicit his adherence to the original American institutionalism: Neild extended that link to Cambridge.
An actuarial investigation into maternal out-of-hospital cost risk factors
Authors: William Jananie , Chojenta Catherine , Martin Michael A. , Loxton Deborah
Published: February 2018

This paper adopts an actuarial approach to identify the risk factors of government-funded maternal out-of-hospital costs in Australia, with a focus on women who experience adverse birth outcomes. We use a two-phase modelling methodology incorporating both classification and regression trees and generalised linear models on a data set that links administrative and longitudinal survey data from a large sample of women, to address maternal out-of-hospital costs. We find that adverse births are a statistically significant risk factor of out-of-hospital costs in both the delivery and postnatal periods. Furthermore, other significant cost risk factors are in-vitro fertilisation, specialist use, general practitioner use, area of residence and mental health factors (including anxiety, intense anxiety, postnatal depression and stress about own health) and the results vary by perinatal sub-period and the patient’s private health insurance status. We highlight these differences and use the results as an evidence base to inform public policy. Mental health policy is identified as a priority area for further investigation due to the dominance of these factors in many of the fitted models.
Preferences for Domestic Action Over International Transfers in Global Climate Policy
Authors: Buntaine Mark T. , Prather Lauren
Published: February 2018

Cost-effective and equitable climate change mitigation requires the transfer of resources from developed to developing countries. In two behavioral experiments, we demonstrate that American subjects act according to a strong home preference, by making private donations and writing letters in support of public spending more often for mitigation programs located at home versus those overseas. We attempt to overcome the preference to act at home by randomly informing some subjects that foreign programs are more cost-effective than domestic programs. Home preference is mitigated only in the case of private donations. From a separate experimental treatment, we show that the preference against foreign programs is exacerbated when the co-benefits of mitigation programs are made salient. Importantly, home preference crosses party lines, indicating that it is a deep-seeded, affective preference. These findings highlight significant political obstacles to international cooperation on climate change that relies on transfers.
Why It's Time for a New Mission to Venus
Authors: Filiberto Justin
Published: February 2018

A packed session entitled "Unveiling Venus" at the recent Lunar and Planetary Science Conference shows renewed interest in our sister planet.
Reducing Uncertainty in Hazard Prediction
Authors: Riley Karin , Thompson Matt , Webley Peter , Hyde Kevin
Published: February 2018

The editors of a new book describe how to characterize uncertainty in natural hazards, the incorporation of uncertainty into modeling, its contribution to better decision-making, and research needs.
A Foundation for Modeling Time-Periodic Groundwater Flow
Authors: Depner Joe , Rasmussen Todd
Published: February 2018

The authors of a new book on groundwater hydraulics and hydrology describe a theoretical foundation for modeling time-periodic groundwater flow.
Warm Waters in West Antarctica
Authors: Turner John , Gudmundsson Hilmar
Published: February 2018

A recent paper in Reviews of Geophysics describes the atmospheric and oceanic processes that are causing ice loss in the Antarctic.
The Earth’s Elastic Crust
Authors: Almqvist Bjarne , Mainprice David
Published: February 2018

A recent paper in Reviews of Geophysics discussed how the mineral composition and microfabric of the continental crust influences its seismic properties.
Uncovering the Hidden Secrets of Water Vapor
Authors: Galewsky Joseph
Published: February 2018

A recent paper in Reviews of Geophysics describes how water vapor isotopic measurements and modeling can improve our understanding of the Earth’s water cycle.
The Inherent Conflict of Interest in For-Profit Journals
Authors: Paytan Adina
Published: February 2018

An editor of Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems reflects on the increase in for-profit journals and the implications for scholarly publishing and scientific integrity.
Journal Impact Factors with Uncertainties
Authors: Hanson Brooks
Published: February 2018

With this year’s Journal Impact Factors just released, AGU discusses some of the issues with this metric, encourages use of additional metrics, and suggests other means of assessing journal quality.
Preventing Climate Change by Increasing Ocean Alkalinity
Authors: Renforth Phil
Published: February 2018

A recent paper in Reviews of Geophysics discussed increasing ocean alkalinity as an alternative method of carbon sequestration in response to climate change.
The Value of Disaster Damage Data
Authors: Molinari Daniela , Menoni Scira , Ballio Francesco
Published: February 2018

The editors of a new book describe the benefits of systematic collection, storage, analysis, and sharing of damage data after flood events.
Distributions of phytoplankton carbohydrate, protein and lipid in the world oceans from satellite ocean colour
Authors: Roy Shovonlal
Published: February 2018

Energy value of phytoplankton regulates the growth of higher trophic species, affecting the tropic balance and sustainability of marine food webs. Therefore, developing our capability to estimate and monitor, on a global scale, the concentrations of macromolecules that determine phytoplankton energy value, would be invaluable. Reported here are the first estimates of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and overall energy value of phytoplankton in the world oceans, using ocean-colour data from satellites. The estimates are based on a novel bio-optical method that utilises satellite-derived bio-optical fingerprints of living phytoplankton combined with allometric relationships between phytoplankton cells and cellular macromolecular contents. The annually averaged phytoplankton energy value, per cubic metre of sub-surface ocean, varied from less than 0.1 kJ in subtropical gyres, to 0.5–1.0 kJ in parts of the equatorial, northern and southern latitudes, and rising to >10 kJ in certain coastal and optically complex waters. The annually averaged global stocks of carbohydrate, protein and lipid were 0.044, 0.17 and 0.108 gigatonnes, respectively, with monthly stocks highest in September and lowest in June, over 1997–2013. The fractional contributions of phytoplankton size classes e.g., picoplankton, nanoplankton and microplankton to surface concentrations and global stocks of macromolecules varied considerably across marine biomes classified as Longhurst provinces. Among these provinces, the highest annually averaged surface concentrations of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid were in North-East Atlantic Coastal Shelves, whereas, the lowest concentration of carbohydrate or lipid were in North Atlantic Tropical Gyral, and that of protein was in North Pacific Subtropical Gyre West. The regional accuracy of the estimates and their sensitivity to satellite inputs are quantified from the bio-optical model, which show promise for possible operational monitoring of phytoplankton energy value from satellite ocean colour. Adequate in situ measurements of macromolecules and improved retrievals of inherent optical properties from high-resolution satellite images, would be required to validate these estimates at local sites, and to further improve their accuracy in the world oceans.
NanoSIMS and tissue autoradiography reveal symbiont carbon fixation and organic carbon transfer to giant ciliate host
Authors: Volland Jean-Marie , Schintlmeister Arno , Zambalos Helena , Reipert Siegfried , Mozetič Patricija , Espada-Hinojosa Salvador , Turk Valentina , Wagner Michael , Bright Monika
Published: February 2018

The giant colonial ciliate Zoothamnium niveum harbors a monolayer of the gammaproteobacteria Cand. Thiobios zoothamnicoli on its outer surface. Cultivation experiments revealed maximal growth and survival under steady flow of high oxygen and low sulfide concentrations. We aimed at directly demonstrating the sulfur-oxidizing, chemoautotrophic nature of the symbionts and at investigating putative carbon transfer from the symbiont to the ciliate host. We performed pulse-chase incubations with 14C- and 13C-labeled bicarbonate under varying environmental conditions. A combination of tissue autoradiography and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry coupled with transmission electron microscopy was used to follow the fate of the radioactive and stable isotopes of carbon, respectively. We show that symbiont cells fix substantial amounts of inorganic carbon in the presence of sulfide, but also (to a lesser degree) in the absence of sulfide by utilizing internally stored sulfur. Isotope labeling patterns point to translocation of organic carbon to the host through both release of these compounds and digestion of symbiont cells. The latter mechanism is also supported by ultracytochemical detection of acid phosphatase in lysosomes and in food vacuoles of ciliate cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of freshly collected ciliates revealed that the vast majority of ingested microbial cells were ectosymbionts.
Genome-wide tracking of dCas9-methyltransferase footprints
Authors: Galonska Christina , Charlton Jocelyn , Mattei Alexandra L. , Donaghey Julie , Clement Kendell , Gu Hongcang , Mohammad Arman W. , Stamenova Elena K. , Cacchiarelli Davide , Klages Sven , Timmermann Bernd , Cantz Tobias , Schöler Hans R. , Gnirke Andreas , Ziller Michael J. , Meissner Alexander
Published: February 2018

In normal mammalian development cytosine methylation is essential and is directed to specific regions of the genome. Despite notable advances through mapping its genome-wide distribution, studying the direct contribution of DNA methylation to gene and genome regulation has been limited by the lack of tools for its precise manipulation. Thus, combining the targeting capability of the CRISPR–Cas9 system with an epigenetic modifier has attracted interest in the scientific community. In contrast to profiling the genome-wide cleavage of a nuclease competent Cas9, tracing the global activity of a dead Cas9 (dCas9) methyltransferase fusion protein is challenging within a highly methylated genome. Here, we report the generation and use of an engineered, methylation depleted but maintenance competent mouse ES cell line and find surprisingly ubiquitous nuclear activity of dCas9-methyltransferases. Subsequent experiments in human somatic cells refine these observations and point to an important difference between genetic and epigenetic editing tools that require unique experimental considerations.
Prediction complements explanation in understanding the developing brain
Authors: Rosenberg Monica D. , Casey B. J. , Holmes Avram J.
Published: February 2018

A central aim of human neuroscience is understanding the neurobiology of cognition and behavior. Although we have made significant progress towards this goal, reliance on group-level studies of the developed adult brain has limited our ability to explain population variability and developmental changes in neural circuitry and behavior. In this review, we suggest that predictive modeling, a method for predicting individual differences in behavior from brain features, can complement descriptive approaches and provide new ways to account for this variability. Highlighting the outsized scientific and clinical benefits of prediction in developmental populations including adolescence, we show that predictive brain-based models are already providing new insights on adolescent-specific risk-related behaviors. Together with large-scale developmental neuroimaging datasets and complementary analytic approaches, predictive modeling affords us the opportunity and obligation to identify novel treatment targets and individually tailor the course of interventions for developmental psychopathologies that impact so many young people today.
TRIM56-mediated monoubiquitination of cGAS for cytosolic DNA sensing
Authors: Seo Gil Ju , Kim Charlotte , Shin Woo-Jin , Sklan Ella H. , Eoh Hyungjin , Jung Jae U.
Published: February 2018

Intracellular nucleic acid sensors often undergo sophisticated modifications that are critical for the regulation of antimicrobial responses. Upon recognition of DNA, the cytosolic sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) produces the second messenger cGAMP, which subsequently initiates downstream signaling to induce interferon-αβ (IFNαβ) production. Here we report that TRIM56 E3 ligase-induced monoubiquitination of cGAS is important for cytosolic DNA sensing and IFNαβ production to induce anti-DNA viral immunity. TRIM56 induces the Lys335 monoubiquitination of cGAS, resulting in a marked increase of its dimerization, DNA-binding activity, and cGAMP production. Consequently, TRIM56-deficient cells are defective in cGAS-mediated IFNαβ production upon herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection. Furthermore, TRIM56-deficient mice show impaired IFNαβ production and high susceptibility to lethal HSV-1 infection but not to influenza A virus infection. This adds TRIM56 as a crucial component of the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway that induces anti-DNA viral innate immunity.
A printable hydrogel microarray for drug screening avoids false positives associated with promiscuous aggregating inhibitors
Authors: Mateen Rabia , Ali M. Monsur , Hoare Todd
Published: February 2018

A significant problem in high-throughput drug screening is the disproportionate number of false hits associated with drug candidates that form colloidal aggregates. Such molecules, referred to as promiscuous inhibitors, nonspecifically inhibit multiple enzymes and are thus not useful as potential drugs. Here, we report a printable hydrogel-based drug-screening platform capable of non-ambiguously differentiating true enzyme inhibitors from promiscuous aggregating inhibitors, critical for accelerating the drug discovery process. The printed hydrogels can both immobilize as well as support the activity of entrapped enzymes against drying or treatment with a protease or chemical denaturant. Furthermore, the printed hydrogel can be applied in a high-throughput microarray-based screening platform (consistent with current practice) to rapidly ( <25 min) and inexpensively identify only clinically promising lead compounds with true inhibitory potential as well as to accurately quantify the dose–response relationships of those inhibitors, all while using 95% less sample than required for a solution assay.
Spectroscopy of bulk and few-layer superconducting NbSe2 with van der Waals tunnel junctions
Authors: Dvir T. , Massee F. , Attias L. , Khodas M. , Aprili M. , Quay C. H. L. , Steinberg H.
Published: February 2018

Tunnel junctions, an established platform for high resolution spectroscopy of superconductors, require defect-free insulating barriers; however, oxides, the most common barrier, can only grow on a limited selection of materials. We show that van der Waals tunnel barriers, fabricated by exfoliation and transfer of layered semiconductors, sustain stable currents with strong suppression of sub-gap tunneling. This allows us to measure the spectra of bulk (20 nm) and ultrathin (3- and 4-layer) NbSe2 devices at 70 mK. These exhibit two distinct superconducting gaps, the larger of which decreases monotonically with thickness and critical temperature. The spectra are analyzed using a two-band model incorporating depairing. In the bulk, the smaller gap exhibits strong depairing in in-plane magnetic fields, consistent with high out-of-plane Fermi velocity. In the few-layer devices, the large gap exhibits negligible depairing, consistent with out-of-plane spin locking due to Ising spin–orbit coupling. In the 3-layer device, the large gap persists beyond the Pauli limit.
Lifting the bandwidth limit of optical homodyne measurement with broadband parametric amplification
Authors: Shaked Yaakov , Michael Yoad , Vered Rafi Z. , Bello Leon , Rosenbluh Michael , Pe’er Avi
Published: February 2018

Homodyne measurement is a corner-stone method of quantum optics that measures the quadratures of light—the quantum optical analog of the canonical position and momentum. Standard homodyne, however, suffers from a severe bandwidth limitation: while the bandwidth of optical states can span many THz, standard homodyne is inherently limited to the electronically accessible MHz-to-GHz range, leaving a dramatic gap between relevant optical phenomena and the measurement capability. We demonstrate a fully parallel optical homodyne measurement across an arbitrary optical bandwidth, effectively lifting this bandwidth limitation completely. Using optical parametric amplification, which amplifies one quadrature while attenuating the other, we measure quadrature squeezing of 1.7 dB simultaneously across 55 THz, using the pump as the only local oscillator. As opposed to standard homodyne, our measurement is robust to detection inefficiency, and was obtained with >50% detection loss. Broadband parametric homodyne opens a wide window for parallel processing of quantum information.
Media use and brain development during adolescence
Authors: Crone Eveline A. , Konijn Elly A.
Published: February 2018

The current generation of adolescents grows up in a media-saturated world. However, it is unclear how media influences the maturational trajectories of brain regions involved in social interactions. Here we review the neural development in adolescence and show how neuroscience can provide a deeper understanding of developmental sensitivities related to adolescents’ media use. We argue that adolescents are highly sensitive to acceptance and rejection through social media, and that their heightened emotional sensitivity and protracted development of reflective processing and cognitive control may make them specifically reactive to emotion-arousing media. This review illustrates how neuroscience may help understand the mutual influence of media and peers on adolescents’ well-being and opinion formation.
Low-cost, μm-thick, tape-free electronic tattoo sensors with minimized motion and sweat artifacts
Authors: Wang Youhua , Qiu Yitao , Ameri Shideh Kabiri , Jang Hongwoo , Dai Zhaohe , Huang YongAn , Lu Nanshu
Published: February 2018

Electronic tattoos (e-tattoos), also known as epidermal electronics, are ultra-thin and ultra-soft noninvasive but skin-conformable devices with capabilities including physiological sensing and transdermal stimulation and therapeutics. The fabrication of e-tattoos out of conventional inorganic electronic materials used to be tedious and expensive. Recently developed cut-and-paste method has significantly simplified the process and lowered the cost. However, existing cut-and-paste method entails a medical tape on which the electronic tattoo sensors should be pasted, which increases tattoo thickness and degrades its breathability. To address this problem, here we report a slightly modified cut-and-paste method to fabricate low-cost, open-mesh e-tattoos with a total thickness of just 1.5 μm. E-tattoos of such thinness can be directly pasted on human skin and conforms to natural skin texture. We demonstrate that this ultra-thin, tape-free e-tattoo can confidently measure electrocardiogram (ECG), skin temperature, and skin hydration. Heart rate and even respiratory rate can be extracted from the ECG signals. A special advantage of such ultra-thin e-tattoo is that it is capable of high-fidelity sensing with minimized motion artifacts under various body movements. Effects of perspiration are found to be insignificant due to the breathability of such e-tattoos.
Large-scale roll-to-roll printed, flexible and stable organic bulk heterojunction photodetector
Authors: Tong Sichao , Yuan Jun , Zhang Chujun , Wang Chunhua , Liu Baoxing , Shen Jianqiang , Xia Huayan , Zou Yingping , Xie Haipeng , Sun Jia , Xiao Si , He Jun , Gao Yongli , Yang Junliang
Published: February 2018

A flexible and stable photodetector shows great potential applications in intelligent wearable devices, health monitoring, and biological sensing. The high-output fabrication of flexible and stable photodetector via the large-scale printing process would accelerate its commercialization. Herein, a high performance, flexible organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photodetector with good stability is designed and fabricated via a large-scale roll-to-roll (R2R) micro-gravure printing technique on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or paper substrate, in which the organic BHJ active layer is structured with [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and a donor–acceptor copolymer, i.e., employing 4,8-bis(2-ethylhexylthiophene) benzo[1,2-b;3,4-b′] dithiophene (BDTT) as the donor unit and 5,8-bis(5-thiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-2,3-bis(4-ethylhexyloxy-1-mata-luorophenyl) quinoxaline (ffQx) as the acceptor unit (PBDTT-ffQx). The PBDTT-ffQx/PCBM BHJ photodetector shows a broad photoresponse in ultraviolet and visible light, a high detectivity (D*) value up to 6.19 × 1011 Jones, and an excellent Iphoto/Idark as high as 5.6 × 102. It exhibits excellent flexibility and stability. Its performance parameters could maintain over 80% of original values after bending 10,000 cycles or exposing in ambient condition (humidity ~50%, temperature ~30 °C) for 50 days without any encapsulation. More importantly, the R2R micro-gravure printed PBDTT-ffQx/PCBM BHJ active layer is great homogeneous, and the responsivity (R) values of photodetector arrays show a very narrow distribution. The research results show that a high-performance PBDTT-ffQx/PCBM BHJ photodetector with well reliability and reproducibility can be fabricated via the R2R micro-gravure printing technique, which provides an available strategy for fabricating large-area and flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Unconventional and conventional quantum criticalities in CeRh0.58Ir0.42In5
Authors: Luo Yongkang , Lu Xin , Dioguardi Adam P. , Rosa Priscila S. F. , Bauer Eric D. , Si Qimiao , Thompson Joe D.
Published: February 2018

An appropriate description of the state of matter that appears as a second order phase transition is tuned toward zero temperature, viz. quantum-critical point (QCP), poses fundamental and still not fully answered questions. Experiments are needed both to test basic conclusions and to guide further refinement of theoretical models. Here, charge and entropy transport properties as well as AC specific heat of the heavy-fermion compound CeRh0.58Ir0.42In5, measured as a function of pressure, reveal two qualitatively different QCPs in a single material driven by a single non-symmetry-breaking tuning parameter. A discontinuous sign-change jump in thermopower suggests an unconventional QCP at pc1 accompanied by an abrupt Fermi-surface reconstruction that is followed by a conventional spin-density-wave critical point at pc2 across which the Fermi surface evolves smoothly to a heavy Fermi-liquid state. These experiments are consistent with some theoretical predictions, including the sequence of critical points and the temperature dependence of the thermopower in their vicinity.
Novel reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins for RESOLFT and STED nanoscopy engineered from the bacterial photoreceptor YtvA
Authors: Gregor Carola , Sidenstein Sven C. , Andresen Martin , Sahl Steffen J. , Danzl Johann G. , Hell Stefan W.
Published: February 2018

The reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) commonly used for RESOLFT nanoscopy have been developed from fluorescent proteins of the GFP superfamily. These proteins are bright, but exhibit several drawbacks such as relatively large size, oxygen-dependence, sensitivity to low pH, and limited switching speed. Therefore, RSFPs from other origins with improved properties need to be explored. Here, we report the development of two RSFPs based on the LOV domain of the photoreceptor protein YtvA from Bacillus subtilis. LOV domains obtain their fluorescence by association with the abundant cellular cofactor flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Under illumination with blue and ultraviolet light, they undergo a photocycle, making these proteins inherently photoswitchable. Our first improved variant, rsLOV1, can be used for RESOLFT imaging, whereas rsLOV2 proved useful for STED nanoscopy of living cells with a resolution of down to 50 nm. In addition to their smaller size compared to GFP-related proteins (17 kDa instead of 27 kDa) and their usability at low pH, rsLOV1 and rsLOV2 exhibit faster switching kinetics, switching on and off 3 times faster than rsEGFP2, the fastest-switching RSFP reported to date. Therefore, LOV-domain-based RSFPs have potential for applications where the switching speed of GFP-based proteins is limiting.
Publisher Correction: Influence of intermixing at the Ta/CoFeB interface on spin Hall angle in Ta/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures
Authors: Cecot Monika , Karwacki Łukasz , Skowroński Witold , Kanak Jarosław , Wrona Jerzy , Żywczak Antoni , Yao Lide , van Dijken Sebastiaan , Barnaś Józef , Stobiecki Tomasz
Published: February 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Quantum ensembles of quantum classifiers
Authors: Schuld Maria , Petruccione Francesco
Published: February 2018

Quantum machine learning witnesses an increasing amount of quantum algorithms for data-driven decision making, a problem with potential applications ranging from automated image recognition to medical diagnosis. Many of those algorithms are implementations of quantum classifiers, or models for the classification of data inputs with a quantum computer. Following the success of collective decision making with ensembles in classical machine learning, this paper introduces the concept of quantum ensembles of quantum classifiers. Creating the ensemble corresponds to a state preparation routine, after which the quantum classifiers are evaluated in parallel and their combined decision is accessed by a single-qubit measurement. This framework naturally allows for exponentially large ensembles in which – similar to Bayesian learning – the individual classifiers do not have to be trained. As an example, we analyse an exponentially large quantum ensemble in which each classifier is weighed according to its performance in classifying the training data, leading to new results for quantum as well as classical machine learning.
Differential gene expression induced by anti-cancer agent plumbagin is mediated by androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Rondeau Gaelle , Abedinpour Parisa , Chrastina Adrian , Pelayo Jennifer , Borgstrom Per , Welsh John
Published: February 2018

Treatment of mice harboring PTEN-P2 tumors in the prostate or on prostate tissue in vivo with 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, also known as plumbagin, results in tumor regression in castrated mice, but not in intact mice. This suggested that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production in the testes may prevent cell death due to plumbagin treatment, but the underlying mechanism is not understood. We performed RNA-seq analysis on cells treated with combinations of plumbagin and DHT, and analyzed differential gene expression, to gain insight into the interactions between androgen and plumbgin. DHT and plumbagin synergize to alter the expression of many genes that are not differentially regulated by either single agent when used alone. These experiments revealed that, for many genes, increases in mRNAs caused by DHT are sharply down-regulated by plumbagin, and that many transcripts change in response to plumbagin in a DHT-dependent manner. This suggests that androgen receptor mediates some of the effects of plumbagin on gene expression.
Transitions from Ideal to Intermediate Cholesterol Levels may vary by Cholesterol Metric
Authors: Engeda Joseph C. , Holliday Katelyn M. , Hardy Shakia T. , Chakladar Sujatro , Lin Dan-Yu , Talavera Gregory A. , Howard Barbara V. , Daviglus Martha L. , Pirzada Amber , Schreiner Pamela J. , Zeng Donglin , Avery Christy L.
Published: February 2018

To examine the ability of total cholesterol (TC), a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) proxy widely used in public health initiatives, to capture important population-level shifts away from ideal and intermediate LDL-C throughout adulthood. We estimated age (≥20 years)-, race/ethnic (Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino)-, and sex- specific net transition probabilities between ideal, intermediate, and poor TC and LDL-C using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014; N = 13,584) and Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008–2011; N = 15,612) data in 2016 and validated and calibrated novel Markov-type models designed for cross-sectional data. At age 20, >80% of participants had ideal TC, whereas the race/ethnic- and sex-specific prevalence of ideal LDL-C ranged from 39.2%-59.6%. Net transition estimates suggested that the largest one-year net shifts away from ideal and intermediate LDL-C occurred approximately two decades earlier than peak net population shifts away from ideal and intermediate TC. Public health and clinical initiatives focused on monitoring TC in middle-adulthood may miss important shifts away from ideal and intermediate LDL-C, potentially increasing the duration, perhaps by decades, that large segments of the population are exposed to suboptimal LDL-C.
Morphological and molecular dissection of wild rices from eastern India suggests distinct speciation between O. rufipogon and O. nivara populations
Authors: Samal Rashmita , Roy Pritesh Sundar , Sahoo Auromira , Kar Meera Kumari , Patra Bhaskar Chandra , Marndi Bishnu Charan , Gundimeda Jwala Narasimha Rao
Published: February 2018

The inter relationships between the two progenitors is interesting as both wild relatives are known to be the great untapped gene reservoirs. The debate continues on granting a separate species status to Oryza nivara. The present study was conducted on populations of Oryza rufipogon and Oryza nivara from Eastern India employing morphological and molecular characteristics. The cluster analysis of the data on morphological traits could clearly classify the two wild forms into two separate discrete groups without any overlaps i.e. lack of intermediate forms, suggesting the non-sympatric existence of the wild forms. Amplification of hyper variable regions of the genome could reveal 144 alleles suggesting high genetic diversity values (average He = 0.566). Moreover, with 42.37% of uncommon alleles between the two wild relatives, the molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) could detect only 21% of total variation (p < 0.001) among them and rest 59% was within them. The population structure analysis clearly classified these two wild populations into two distinct sub-populations (K = 2) without any overlaps i.e. lack of intermediate forms, suggesting the non-sympatric existence of the wild forms. Clear differentiation into two distinct groups indicates that O. rufipogon and O. nivara could be treated as two different species.
Extracellular cholesterol oxidase production by Streptomyces aegyptia, in vitro anticancer activities against rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer cell-lines and in vivo apoptosis
Authors: El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , Soliman Hoda M. , El-Shweihy Nancy M.
Published: February 2018

In recent years, microbial cholesterol oxidases have gained great attention due to its widespread use in medical applications for serum cholesterol determination.Streptomyces aegyptiastrain NEAE-102 exhibited high level of extracellular cholesterol oxidase production using a minimum medium containing cholesterol as the sole source of carbon. Fifteen variables were screened using Plackett–Burman design for the enhanced cholesterol oxidase production. The most significant variables affecting enzyme production were further optimized by using the face-centered central composite design. The statistical optimization resulted in an overall 4.97-fold increase (15.631 UmL−1) in cholesterol oxidase production in the optimized medium as compared with the unoptimized medium before applying Plackett Burman design (3.1 UmL−1). The purified cholesterol oxidase was evaluated for itsin vitroanticancer activities against five human cancer cell lines. The selectivity index values on rhabdomyosarcoma and breast cancer cell lines were 3.26 and 2.56; respectively. Thein vivoanticancer activity of cholesterol oxidase was evaluated against Ehrlich solid tumor model. Compared with control mice, tumors growth was significantly inhibited in the mice injected with cholesterol oxidase alone, doxorubicin alone and cholesterol oxidase/doxorubicin combination by 60.97%, 72.99% and 97.04%; respectively. These results demonstrated that cholesterol oxidase can be used as a promising natural anticancer drug.
Evoked and oscillatory EEG activity differentiates language discrimination in young monolingual and bilingual infants
Authors: Nacar Garcia Loreto , Guerrero-Mosquera Carlos , Colomer Marc , Sebastian-Galles Nuria
Published: February 2018

Language discrimination is one of the core differences between bilingual and monolingual language acquisition. Here, we investigate the earliest brain specialization induced by it. Following previous research, we hypothesize that bilingual native language discrimination is a complex process involving specific processing of the prosodic properties of the speech signal. We recorded the brain activity of monolingual and bilingual 4.5-month-old infants using EEG, while listening to their native/dominant language and two foreign languages. We defined two different windows of analysis to separate discrimination and identification effects. In the early window of analysis (150–280 ms) we measured the P200 component, and in the later window of analysis we measured Theta (400–1800 ms) and Gamma (300–2800 ms) oscillations. The results point in the direction of different language discrimination strategies for bilingual and monolingual infants. While only monolingual infants show early discrimination of their native language based on familiarity, bilinguals perform a later processing which is compatible with an increase in attention to the speech signal. This is the earliest evidence found for brain specialization induced by bilingualism.
A cleavage product of Polycystin-1 is a mitochondrial matrix protein that affects mitochondria morphology and function when heterologously expressed
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chao , Kurashige Mahiro , Liu Yi , Terabayashi Takeshi , Ishimoto Yu , Wang Tanchun , Choudhary Vineet , Hobbs Ryan , Liu Li-Ka , Lee Ping-Hsien , Outeda Patricia , Zhou Fang , Restifo Nicholas P. , Watnick Terry , Kawano Haruna , Horie Shigeo , Prinz William , Xu Hong , Menezes Luis F. , Germino Gregory G.
Published: February 2018

Recent studies have reported intrinsic metabolic reprogramming in Pkd1 knock-out cells, implicating dysregulated cellular metabolism in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease. However, the exact nature of the metabolic changes and their underlying cause remains controversial. We show herein that Pkd1
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renal epithelial cells have impaired fatty acid utilization, abnormal mitochondrial morphology and function, and that mitochondria in kidneys of ADPKD patients have morphological alterations. We further show that a C-terminal cleavage product of polycystin-1 (CTT) translocates to the mitochondria matrix and that expression of CTT in Pkd1
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cells rescues some of the mitochondrial phenotypes. Using Drosophila to model in vivo effects, we find that transgenic expression of mouse CTT results in decreased viability and exercise endurance but increased CO2 production, consistent with altered mitochondrial function. Our results suggest that PC1 may play a direct role in regulating mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism and provide a framework to understand how impaired mitochondrial function could be linked to the regulation of tubular diameter in both physiological and pathological conditions.