bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muscle Strength Preservation During Repeated Sets of Fatiguing Resistance Exercise: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Nuzzo James L.
Published: May 2024

Nuzzo, JL. Muscle strength preservation during repeated sets of fatiguing resistance exercise: A secondary analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1149–1156, 2024—During sustained or repeated maximal voluntary efforts, muscle fatigue (acute strength loss) is not linear. After a large initial decrease, muscle strength plateaus at approximately 40% of baseline. This plateau, which likely reflects muscle strength preservation, has been observed in sustained maximal isometric and repeated maximal isokinetic contractions. Whether this pattern of fatigue occurs with traditional resistance exercise repetitions with free weights and weight stack machines has not been overviewed. Here, the aim was to determine whether the number of repetitions completed across 4 or more consecutive repetitions-to-failure tests exhibits the same nonlinear pattern of muscle fatigue. A secondary analysis was applied to data extracted as part of a recent meta-analysis on repetitions-to-failure tests. Studies were eligible if they reported mean number of repetitions completed in 4–6 consecutive repetitions-to-failure tests at a given relative load. Twenty-nine studies were included. Overall, the results show that the number of repetitions completed in consecutive repetitions-to-failure tests at a given load generally decreases curvilinearly. The numbers of repetitions completed in sets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were equal to approximately 70, 55, 50, 45, and 45% of the number of repetitions completed in set 1, respectively. Longer interset rest intervals typically attenuated repetition loss, but the curvilinear pattern remained. From the results, a chart was created to predict the number of repetitions across 6 sets of resistance exercise taken to failure based on the number of repetitions completed in set 1. The chart is a general guide and educational tool. It should be used cautiously. More data from a variety of exercises, relative loads, and interset rest intervals are needed for more precise estimates of number of repetitions completed during repeated sets of fatiguing resistance exercise.
Faith in Fakes
Authors: Fallon Kris
Published: May 2024

Social media platforms have a deservedly poor reputation amongst scholars, cultural critics, politicians, and the wider public for their exploitation of users and their complicity in fostering misinformation and disinformation on a variety of topics. And yet they enjoy widespread usage, a duality increasingly understood through the false promise of authenticity they offer. This article considers the photo sharing app BeReal, an upstart contender whose viral popularity with teenagers made it both an emblem and an antidote to social media’s authenticity problem. Drawing on and affirming many of the conclusions in the existing scholarship on authenticity and media, it uses BeReal to demonstrate the necessity of considering photography as an essential element in the authenticity framework. Doing so clears a space for individual agency in the face of the acknowledged dominance of these platforms.
Dream Scenario and Postcinematic Celebrity
Authors: Benson-Allott Caetlin
Published: May 2024

FQ columnist Caetlin Benson-Allott turns the spotlight on Norwegian director Kristoffer Borgli, whose films ask what it means to want attention and be subject to unwanted attention in the era of social media and viral fame. His most recent film, Dream Scenario (2023), is the third in a series of films that “interrogate twenty-first-century celebrity—the forms of social, cultural, and financial capital it generates and the rules that (fail to) govern it.” In Dream Scenario, Borgli makes good use of the US star system, exploiting the contrasting filmic reputations of his leading actors Nicholas Cage and Julianne Nicholson to add depth to his critique of postcinematic celebrity culture.
Decentering the Narrative
Authors: Kovacsics Violeta
Published: May 2024

Violeta Kovacsics reports from the 2024 edition of the International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR), where festival director Vanja Kaludjercic—whose appointment coincided with the pandemic years—finally was able to showcase her vision for the festival’s future. Maintaining Rotterdam’s reputation for new discoveries (almost half its screenings were world premieres), along with its commitment to avant-garde and political cinema, Kaludjercic amplified the presence of animation and made world cinema a focus, not a sidebar. Films discussed include Rei (Tanaka Toshihiko, 2024), winner of the 2024 Tiger award, Under a Blue Sun (Daniel Mann, 2024), Swimming Home (Justin Anderson, 2024), The Ballad of Suzanne Césaire (Madeleine Hunt-Ehrlich, 2024), Grey Bees (Dmytro Moiseiev, 2024), and Eco Village (Phoebe Nir, 2024)
The Right to Sit Still
Authors: Szczepaniak-Gillece Jocelyn
Published: May 2024

In this essay, Jocelyn Szczepaniak-Gillece considers how criticism, spectatorship, and the markers of the procedural overlap in a contemporary moment where leisure has been ceded to work. By reading across multiple objects, from MovieTok film and television reviews and YouTube video essays, to prestige film and television, to Marxist provocations, to cultural criticism, this essay argues that simply looking at media has been replaced by an obsessive drive toward content creation. Because watchers in late capitalism are encouraged always to produce and never to sit still, the liberatory potential of spectatorship has rapidly eroded into a race to treat every film and television show as a puzzle to be decoded rather than a mystery of ultimately unsolvable contemplation.
Properties of X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering in PbSe, PbS and PbS0,5Se0,5 thin films
Authors:   The Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan, Institute of NaturalResources, H.Aliyev ave. 76, AZ7000, Nakhchivan,Baku, Azerbaijan, Yasinova S.N. , Mekhtiyeva S.I. ,   The Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan, Institute of Physics named after Academician Hasan Abdullayev,G. Javid ave 131, AZ1143. Baku, Azerbaijan, Huseynaliyev M.H. ,   The Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan, Institute of NaturalResources, H.Aliyev ave. 76, AZ7000, Nakhchivan,Baku, Azerbaijan, Alekberov R.I. ,   The Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan, Institute of Physics named after Academician Hasan Abdullayev,G. Javid ave 131, AZ1143. Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: May 2024

Structural properties of PbSe, PbS and PbS0.5Se0.5 thin films and mechanisms of combinational scattering of light from phonons were studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy methods. The results of X-ray diffraction show that the crystallite sizes found in the thin layers of the studied substances are in the order of nanometers and vary in the interval d~10.7 ÷ 30.8 nm. It was determined that the scattering bands of the PbSe0.5S0.5 sample with large nanoparticle sizes shift to the region of large wave numbers compared to the scattering bands observed in the region of low wave numbers.
Tribological properties of ternary heterojunction nanocomposites with MoS2 as the main body are enhanced
Authors:   Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, 213100, Jiangsu Province, China, Gao X. Y. , Lu P. ,   Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, 213100, Jiangsu Province, China, Xu Z. M. ,   Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, 213100, Jiangsu Province, China, Tang G. G. ,   Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, 213100, Jiangsu Province, China
Published: May 2024

g-C3N4 has a strong C-N covalent bond within the monolayer and a weak van der Waals force between the lamels, which enables it to have similar lubrication properties to other two-dimensional layered materials. In this study, a new type of g-C3N4/MoS2/ZnS heterogeneous nanocomposites was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method XRD, SEM, FI-IR, and other methods were used to systematically study it. Furthermore, a ball-on-disk tribometer extensively examined the tribological behavior of g-C3N4/MoS2/ZnS heterojunction in pure oil. The relationship between applied load and rotational speed on performance is also revealed. Compared with g-C3N4 and g-C3N4/MoS2 nanocomposites, g-C3N4/MoS2/ZnS has better frictional properties. It is worth noting that when g-C3N4/MoS2/ZnS is in the base oil mass ratio at 1.0 wt.%, the friction coefficient is reduced by 49%. In addition, g-C3N4/MoS2/ZnS ternary heterojunction exhibits better tribological properties than g-C3N4/MoS2/ZnS mixture, expanding their practical applications in industry and agriculture.
Structural, optical, and electrical analysis of tailoring Bi2-xSbxTe3 thin films
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand, Chaiworn P. , Kaewja S. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand, Wongrat E. ,   School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand, Wichasilp C. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand, Tubtimtae A. ,   Division of Physics, Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
Published: May 2024

Bismuth antimony telluride (Bi2-xSbxTe3) thin films were synthesized using chemical bath deposition (CBD) with various amounts of antimony. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of Bi2-xSbxTe3 thin films have been scrutinized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometry. A higher amount of Sb contents can be observed the Sb0.405Te0.595, BiTe, and Bi4Te3 phases consisted in the pattern. Meanwhile, the energy band gaps are tuned in the range of 2.95 to 3.30 eV. Finally, measurement of resistance with various temperatures for activation energy (EAC) estimation was performed. The highest EAC value was equal to 0.654 eV for 0.8 g SbCl3 as a precursor of Sb atom incorporated in the Bi2Te3 lattice.
First-principle simulations of inorganic halides Li2TlBiY6 (Y = Cl, Br, I) for optoelectronic applications
Authors:   Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan, Noor N. A. , Nasrullah F. ,   Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan, Afzaal U. ,   Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan, Mumtaz S. ,   Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea, Imran M. ,   Department of Electronics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan, Moussa I. M. ,   Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
Published: May 2024

In this emerging technological era, lead-free (Li-based) inorganic halides have drawn a lot of researchers’ consideration due to their optoelectronic applications. Based on this, we explored theoretically mechanical, optical, and thermoelectric features of halides Li2TlBiY6 (Y = Cl, Br, I) by employing first-principle simulations (Wien2k code). Our finding of optoelectronic parameters using appropriate mBJ approach is in favorable alignment to previously reported data, and PBEsol is employed to scrutinize structural as well as mechanical features of these materials. The Born stability and formation energy are examined concerning the structural stability associated with all halides. The distinction between brittle and ductile nature is investigated concerning the calculation of elastic constants of the cubic symmetry. Being based on the mBJ potential, the bandgasps for Li2TlBiCl6, Li2TlBiBr6, and Li2TlBiI6 are 2.8 eV, 2.3 eV, and 1.9 eV, correspondingly. To confirm their optimal absorbability in the electromagnetic domain (visible), all halides were further analyzed concerning dielectric parameters. Additionally, thermoelectric properties are explained in detail within the temperature range of 300-800K using classical Boltzmann theory, making them promising materials for thermoelectric applications.
Multilayer SPR hydrogen sensor based on a heterogeneous metal nanolayer
Authors:   Microsystems and Instrumentation Laboratories (LMI), Faculty of Technology Sciences, Mentouri Brothers University of Constantine, Constantine, Algeria, Aliche B. , Saouli A. ,   Microsystems and Instrumentation Laboratories (LMI), Faculty of Technology Sciences, Mentouri Brothers University of Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
Published: May 2024

In this study, we created a multilayer SPR hydrogen sensor that is primarily based on an Ag-nd or Au-nd heterogeneous metal nanolayer. To characterize the response of the suggested structure, we used the Matlab program and the transfer matrix method (TMatrix) in this investigation. We developed a set of sensors (n1/Ag-nd/Pd Or n1/Aund/Pd) with varying densities of metal nanoparticles N = 400[1/µm3 ], 600[1/µm3 ], 800[1/µm3 ], and 1000 [1/µm3 ], respectively, to verify the sensor's performance. They are assessed using a number of conventional standards, including sensitivity and minimum reflectance (Rmin). The sensor with Ag-nd layer and N = 1000 [1/µm3 ] was found to attain the lowest Rmin of 0.04 and the highest sensitivity of S = 7.99[nm] with a maximum resonance wavelength shift of 2.4 [nm]. The suggested SPR hydrogen sensor may detect changes in palladium (Pd)'s optical characteristics and, consequently, leaks of hydrogen gas, according to simulation data.
Investigations on synthesis, growth and characterisations of a NLO material: L-Tryptophanium phosphite (LTP)
Authors:   Centre for Research and Evaluation, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India, Santhi P. D. H. B. , Samuel R. S. ,   Centre for Research and Evaluation, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India, Raja R. ,   Department of Physics, S.A. Engineering College, Chennai, India, Hidayathullah A. M. ,   Centre for Research and Evaluation, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India, Janarthanan S. ,   Department of Physics, Adhi College of Engineering and Technology, Kancheepuram, India, Suresh P. ,   Department of Physics, VSA Engineering College, Uthamasolapuram, Salem, India
Published: May 2024

The nonlinear optical material L-Tryptophanium phosphite (LTP) was synthesised and grown by the process of slow evaporation solution growth. Characterisations like single crystal XRD, FT-IR, and H1 NMR spectral measurements were done to find the crystal structure and functional groups. The crystal was found to possess good transparency for the whole visible region from the UV-Vis-NIR spectral analysis. The thermal behaviour like stability and breakdown of the crystal were assessed using TG-DTA analyses. The hardness of the crystal was determined using Vickers micro hardness study. The KurtzPerry approach was used to study the nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of the crystal. A good value of conversion efficiency in second harmonic generation (SHG) makes the generated crystal suitable for frequency conversion.
Integration of Scientific Literacy and Technology in Designing Early Childhood Learning
Authors: Kurniah Nina , Agustriana Nesna , Sapri Johanes
Published: May 2024

This research is motivated by the problems and difficulties experienced by kindergarten teachers in designing learning through developments and technology as the implementation of 21st-century learning policies. This research aims to improve kindergarten teachers' ability to design and implement quality learning to realize the nation's next generation in a future full of challenges. The method used is classroom action research, with the Eliot model carried out through four stages. The research subjects are postgraduate students and early childhood education teachers. The results of this study indicate an increase in the ability of teachers to design and implement learning by integrating technology and scientific Literacy. by the age and level of development of early childhood to realize fun, meaningful, and innovative learning that can help children to live an authentic life in a future full of challenges. In addition, scientific Literacy helps children to form patterns of thought and behavior and build character to care and be responsible for themselves, society, and the universe, as well as prepare themselves to deal with problems faced in modern society that are very dependent on technology. Scientific and technological Literacy functioned as a unitary ability to obtain, evaluate, and then obtain strategies to process information and use it systematically in their duties as professional teachers.
METTL3-dependent m6A modification facilitates decreased endometrial decidualization via attenuation of MET in endometriosis
Authors: Xiong Wenqian , Jin Jie , Liu Yi
Published: May 2024

In brief

Failure to induce mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) during stromal cell decidualization can lead to consequences such as impaired fertility in patients with endometriosis. METTL3-mediated m6A modification plays an important role in attenuating MET and defective decidualization of endometrial stromal cells and contributes to the development of reduced endometrial receptivity in endometriosis.

Mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET)-mediated endometrial decidualization is pivotal for achieving endometrial receptivity and successful pregnancy. We observed blockade of MET in the eutopic secretory endometrium of patients with endometriosis, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, real-time PCR was used to detect PRL and IGFBP1 expression, whereas western blotting was used to detect the expression of MET markers and METTL3. Phalloidin staining was used to identify changes in cell morphology. M6A levels were quantified using a colorimetric method and m6A dot blots, and functional analysis was performed using spheroid adhesion assays. We first found that increased E-cadherin expression was accompanied by decreased vimentin and Slug expression in the eutopic secretory endometrium of individuals with endometriosis. We also detected a significant increase in both the m6A level and the expression of the related methyltransferase METTL3. Finally, METTL3 expression was negatively correlated with PRL, IGFBP1, and MET markers expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that METTL3 mediates m6A modification, thereby inhibiting MET formation within the eutopic secretory endometrium of patients with endometriosis. Increased METTL3-mediated m6A modification plays a crucial role in attenuating MET formation and decidualization impairment in endometrial stromal cells, ultimately contributing to compromised endometrial receptivity in individuals with endometriosis. These insights could lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets for improving both endometrial receptivity and pregnancy rate among individuals affected by endometriosis.
Global Health Education in Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowships in the United States
Authors: Lenzen Christiane , Coria Alexandra L. , Hofto Meghan E. , Pitt Michael B. , Cheng Frances Y. , Mediratta Rishi P.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Pediatric fellows across all subspecialties are interested in global health (GH). Little is known about how GH is incorporated into Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) fellowships. Our objective was to examine the current landscape of GH education in PHM fellowships.

METHODS

In 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional electronic survey of PHM fellowship directors (FDs), current fellows, and recently graduated fellows (alumni) via e-mail and listservs. Surveys asked about GH education (curriculum, electives, and research) in PHM fellowships, barriers to GH training, and fellow interest in GH.

RESULTS

Response rates were 56% (34/61) among PHM FDs, 57% (102/178) among fellows, and 29% (59/206) among alumni. Most fellows (73%) and alumni (59%) were interested in GH electives. Although 53% of FDs reported offering GH electives, a minority of fellows (21%) and alumni (19%) reported being offered GH electives (P <.001). Few FDs reported offering a GH curriculum (9%), although most fellows (63%) and alumni (50%) expressed interest. Of the 16 FDs without GH electives, 81% planned to offer them. Cited barriers included a lack of GH curricula, insufficient funding, competing educational demands, and a lack of international partnerships. More FDs (82%) than fellows (64%) and alumni (45%) agreed that GH education improves overall fellow education (P = .01). Similarly, more FDs (75%) than fellows (56%) and alumni (38%) agreed that offering GH education improves recruitment (P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS

There is an unmet demand for GH education in PHM fellowships, and fellows may not be aware of GH opportunities.
La maquinaria antiderechos humanos: autoritarismo digital y ataque global contra los derechos humanos
Authors: Wilson Richard , Bossio Luis Enrique
Published: May 2024

Este artículo analiza los efectos del autoritarismo digital —ataques virtuales gubernamentales dirigidos contra personas que defienden los derechos humanos— en Colombia y Guatemala. Para ello, combina el modelo político y el modelo de minorías en un marco teórico que abarca los impactos del discurso virtual antiderechos humanos. También documenta dichos impactos mediante la sistematización de ataques en redes sociales a activistas y entrevistas a los agentes involucrados. Analiza los efectos no letales del discurso de odio en redes sociales y la adopción de medidas de protección como la autocensura, el abandono de las labores de defensa y la emigración. Finalmente propone un nuevo Código de Conducta Digital avalado por la ONU para que los Estados adopten políticas digitales transparentes, para que no inciten ataques y abandonen la vigilancia ilegal de quienes defienden los derechos humanos.
How Close to the Mark Might Published Heritability Estimates Be?
Authors: Maraun Michael , Heene Moritz , Sckopke Philipp
Published: May 2024

The behavioural scientist who requires an estimate of narrow heritability, h2, will conduct a twin study, and input the resulting estimated covariance matrices into a particular mode of estimation, the latter derived under supposition of the standard biometric model (SBM). It is known that the standard biometric model can be expected to misrepresent the phenotypic (genetic) architecture of human traits. The impact of this misrepresentation on the accuracy of h2 estimation is unknown. We aimed to shed some light on this general issue, by undertaking three simulation studies. In each, we investigated the parameter recovery performance of five modes- Falconer’s coefficient and the SEM models, ACDE, ADE, ACE, and AE- when they encountered a constructed, non-SBM, architecture, under a particular informational input. In study 1, the architecture was single-locus with dominance effects and genetic-environment covariance, and the input was a set of population covariance matrices yielded under the four twin designs, monozygotic-reared together, monozygotic-reared apart, dizygotic-reared together, and dizygotic-reared apart; in study 2, the architecture was identical to that of study 1, but the informational input was monozygotic-reared together and dizygotic-reared together; and in study 3, the architecture was multi-locus with dominance effects, genetic-environment covariance, and epistatic interactions. The informational input was the same as in study 1. The results suggest that conclusions regarding the coverage of h2 must be drawn conditional on a) the general class of generating architecture in play; b) specifics of the architecture’s parametric instantiations; c) the informational input into a mode of estimation; and d) the particular mode of estimationemployed. The results showed that the more complicated the generating architecture, the poorer a mode’s h2 recovery performance. Random forest analyses furthermore revealed that, depending on the genetic architecture, h2, the dominance and locus additive parameter, and proportions of alleles were involved in complex interaction effects impacting on h2 parameter recovery performance of a mode of estimation. Data and materials: https://osf.io/aq9sx/
Factores de riesgo vinculados a la cibervictimización en población joven y adolescente
Authors: Munevar Mora Jorge Gustavo , Cárdenas Moren María Alejandra
Published: May 2024

Revisión basada en la técnica de análisis de contenido, que exploró los factores de riesgo vinculados a la cibervictimización en población joven y adolescente con el fin de comprender y visibilizar dicho fenómeno. Partió de la revisión de 39 artículos, obtenidos de bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo y Google Scholar, para conformar una muestra no probabilística y de conveniencia de dieciséis documentos que utilizaron como marco teórico, las principales teorías del crimen y/o una combinación de variables psicosociales. El trabajo evidenció que es factible la simultaneidad de la victimización en línea y fuera de línea en los contextos educativos; que las víctimas y los acosadores intercambian potencialmente sus roles y que dichas situaciones se encuentran vinculadas con la salud mental y emocional y con factores sociales y situacionales. Las diferencias culturales y socio-políticas sesgaron el comportamiento de las variables, por lo tanto, se recomendó adelantar estudios nacionales que muestren las particularidades de la población.
TEORIA DAS VANTAGENS COMPARATIVAS: TRABALHO APRESENTADO NO CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO DE FUNDAMENTOS DE NEGÓCIOS INTERNACIONAIS NA FACULDADE E COLÉGIO ESIC BUSINESS & MARKETING
Authors: Teixeira Diéli , Silveira Lucas , Marques Manoella , Zuravski Gabriel Isquierdo , Martins Pedro , Amaral Luka , Brand Aniele Fischer
Published: May 2024

A teoria das vantagens comparativas de David Ricardo argumenta a favor do comércio externo como benéfico para todos os países, incentivando a especialização produtiva e aumentando a disponibilidade de bens a preços mais baixos. Ricardo defendia o liberalismo no comércio internacional, afirmando que as transações entre países eram vantajosas, mesmo que um país fosse mais produtivo que outro em todas as mercadorias. A teoria das vantagens comparativas continua a ser relevante na economia contemporânea, sustentando o livre comércio e a especialização. A aplicação da teoria da vantagem comparativa, busca explicar diferenças de produção entre indivíduos, países ou empresários. Enquanto a vantagem absoluta considera o custo absoluto de produção, a vantagem comparativa analisa o custo de oportunidade, privilegiando a especialização em setores mais eficientes. Defensor da teoria, David Ricardo, foi um influente economista britânico e defensor do liberalismo econômico. O conceito foi apresentado em seu livro "Princípios de Economia Política e Tributação" (1817). Além de suas contribuições teóricas, Ricardo teve uma breve carreira política como deputado na Câmara dos Comuns, antes de falecer em 1823 devido a uma infecção cerebral. Seu legado é significativo nas ciências sociais e na história do pensamento econômico.
The individual as moderator of variable relations – A configural approach
Authors: Von Eye Alexander , Wiedermann Wolfgang
Published: May 2024

Moderators are variables that change the relations among other variables. Moderators are variables that are substantive just as the variables whose relations are moderated. In the present article, we propose using individuals as moderators. Specifically, we propose using Configural Frequency Analysis, that is, investigating moderators from a person-oriented perspective. The question asked is whether variable relations vary across individuals. Base models are specified for Configural Frequency Analysis that allow one to identify individuals that differ in variable relations. In a data example, it is shown that not a single individual in a sample of alcoholics shows the pattern of association between subjective stress and beer consumption that was found for the entire sample. Extensions of the configural moderator model are discussed.
La cibernética en las ciencias del deporte, la teoría del entrenamiento y la periodización deportiva: su evolución, desarrollo y perspectivas
Authors:   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, García-Manso Juan Manuel , Arriaza-Marholz Pablo ,   Universidad de Playa Ancha, García-Torres Camilo Andrés ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Agudelo-Velásquez Carlos Alberto ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: May 2024

Este texto ofrece un relato cronológico del surgimiento, en el marco de la antigua Unión Soviética, de la cibernética en el entrenamiento y la periodización deportiva, y analiza los acontecimientos y aportes que condujeron a la incorporación de esta ciencia al deporte. Dicho proceso resultó apasionante y brillante para muchos, pero también incómodo para otros, e incluso hizo tambalear algunos de los fundamentos científicos de la entonces Unión Soviética. Sin embargo, parece claro que el proceso terminó convirtiéndose en la base de algunas de las ciencias más importantes del entorno deportivo, un apoyo fundamental a las teorías del aprendizaje deportivo, un elemento fundamental de la biomecánica y, en general, de todas las ciencias que pretenden entender y fundamentar la preparación de atletas de rendimiento. Además, el texto permite entender algunos de los principios y leyes en los que se sustenta el entrenamiento deportivo, muy especialmente, el de alto rendimiento. El documento abre una línea de análisis e investigación que podría explicar, en buena parte, los actuales procesos de programación y periodización del entrenamiento deportivo.
Carrier Based Liquid Bioformulation of Salt-Tolerant Pgpr Bacillus Species for Prolonged Survivability
Authors: Chompa Sayma Serine , Kee Zuan Ali Tan , Mohd Amin Adibah , Tan Geok Hun , Ahmad Ghazali Amir Hamzah , Sadeq Buraq Musa , Akter Amaily , Rahman Md Ekhlasur , Or Rashid Harun , Nabayi Abba
Published: May 2024

Salinity has emerged as one of the agricultural plants' most severe environmental stresses. Recently, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is being touted as a means of solving yield and environmental issues worldwide. However, multi-strain salt-tolerant rhizobacteria have a short shelf life due to their structural and cellular components, therefore, they need to be supplemented with a liquid carrier material to serve as a shelter and energy source for the bacteria for longer survival. The present study has been undertaken to develop a liquid biofertilizer formulation from multi-strain salt-tolerant PGPR – UPMR, UPMRE6, and a mixed strain of UPMRB9 and UPMRE6 using an optimum amount of cell protectants, namely glycerol (5 mM), trehalose (10 mM), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at 1%. The shelf-life was assessed through measurements of optical density and bacterial biomass to determine the bacterial population and growth trend at monthly intervals. After three months of incubation, the optical density was the highest in the mixed strain treatment supplemented with trehalose with 1.3% and 2.2% increase relative to the UPMRE6 and UPMRB9, respectively, using the same cell protectants. Similarly, bacterial biomass production was the highest in the mixed strains treatment amended with trehalose (0.025 g/mL), with 13.64% and 38.89% increment followed by UPMRE6 and UPMRB9, respectively. Irrespective of the type of protectants used and PGPR type, the optical density and bacterial biomass generally decreased long incubation period. The results demonstrated that the use of 10 mM trehalose has the potential to extend the bacterial shelf life with the slightest cell loss.
Optimizing Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption onto Liquid Natural Rubber-Based Hydrogel: Kinetics, Isotherms and Reusability
Authors: Abdul Sattar Omar D. , Mohd Khalid Rozida , M. Yusoff Siti Fairus
Published: May 2024

In recent years, notable advancements have taken place in the textile industry, particularly with the widespread use of synthetic dyes such as methylene blue (MB). However, the environmental impact of these dyes has raised significant concerns. Their potential to influence both chemical and biochemical demand poses risks, leading to potential disruptions in aquatic plant photosynthesis. Additionally, concerns exist regarding the toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of these dyes to humans. This study achieved successful hydrogel synthesis through the efficient utilization of ultrasonic methods, combining liquid natural rubber (LNR), acrylic acid (AAc), and pectin (Pc) to adsorb MB from aqueous solutions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the structure. Utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the study investigated the effects of the AAc:LNR weight ratio and Pc weight on hydrogel preparation for MB removal. This led to the development of a quadratic polynomial model with an ANOVA-derived R2 value of 0.9970. Optimal conditions for hydrogel production were identified as a 3.00 g/g AAc:LNR weight ratio and 0.0325g of Pc, resulting in an impressive 99.07% MB removal effectiveness. The limit of detection (LOD) for methylene blue adsorption was calculated at 0.64 ppm. The kinetics and isotherms of MB removal were described by the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, respectively. Furthermore, the investigation into hydrogel reusability demonstrated its capability for up to five utilization cycles. The LNR/AAc/Pc hydrogel exhibits promising potential as an effective, cost-efficient, and environmentally conscious adsorbent for MB removal. This makes it applicable to water treatment scenarios involving cationic dyes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION METHOD APPLICATION ON UPPER LIMB FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS AFTER STROKE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Kaminska Anastasija , Sargsjane Jeļena
Published: May 2024

The brain damage caused by a stroke can lead to severe and long-lasting physical and mental health problems, which can have a significant impact on human quality of life. Although restoring gait parameters in stroke patients is one of the most important rehabilitation goals, currently around 80% of stroke survivors have some degree of upper limb motor impairment. Several authors have shown that restoration of upper limb function is often more difficult to achieve and requires a longer rehabilitation period. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is thought to be one of the most common neurophysiological techniques used by physiotherapists in post-stroke rehabilitation. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) in improving upper limb function in patients after stroke through a systematic literature review. The research inquiry was performed by searching through various online databases until February 2023. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies were selected using the PICO model and its elements, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. The review examined five studies on PNF effects in 210 stroke patients, all scoring six or more on the high-quality PEDro scale. Patients were, on average, 52 to 63 years old. Four of the five studies, using the Arm Motor Ability Test and Fugl-Meyer assessment, showed statistically significant improvements in upper limb motor ability and function post-PNF intervention. One study assessing self-care functional ability revealed significant improvements in the Barthel index for both experimental and control groups. Spasticity assessment with the Ashford scale in one study indicated a statistically significant reduction in upper limb spasticity in both groups. Yeole et al. found significant improvements in active range of motion using a manual goniometer in shoulder and elbow joints and wrist joint flexion, extension, and radial deviation for PNF-applied participants.
GENRE-STYLE CONSTANTS OF CHAMBER SYMPHONY BY E. STANKOVYCH
Authors: Mozgalova Nataliia , Novosadova Anna , Novosadov Yaroslav , Pakholchak Yevheniia , Shcholokova Olga
Published: May 2024

The originality of the creative handwriting of Ukrainian composers of the end of the ХХ and the first quarter of the ХХІ century is becoming an urgent research problem of our time. A large number of components of the musical language of artistic compositions, understanding of new value orientations, genre-style synthesis - these and other features constitute the poetics of the work of domestic artists of the mentioned period. E. Stankovych took an active place among the constellation of Ukrainian composers of the end of the 20th and the first quarter of the 21st century. The article emphasizes that the chamber symphony genre in the composer's work shows the peculiarities of his creative handwriting. It was determined that the composer's legacy of E. Stankovych, in particular the study of his chamber symphonies, is a production for the training of teachers of artistic disciplines. After all, chamber symphonies reflect constant reforms in the field of musical language and composer's thinking. The purpose of the research is to identify genre and stylistic features of chamber symphonies by E. Stankovych. To achieve the goal, historiographical, genre-stylistic and comparative research methods were used. The genre-style model of E. Stankovich's chamber symphonies shows the specificity of postmodern art, which takes place in genre synthesis, understanding the semantic potential of timbre, and transformation of images. Fifteen chamber symphonies of E. Stankovych have a common principle of construction, which gives grounds for confirming the opinion about the emergence of the author's metastyle.
ANALYSIS OF CONSUMERS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN THE LITHUANIA REGIONS
Authors: Narkūnienė Ramutė
Published: May 2024

In the article, the author analyzes the attitude of consumers towards the sustainable development of the tourism sector in the Lithuania regions. The purpose of the research is to analyze the attitude of consumers towards the sustainable development of the tourism sector in the Lithuania regions. During the research, a quantitative survey (questionnaire survey) was conducted. Data collection methods - analysis of scientific literature and sources, document analysis, questionnaire survey. The article analyzes the consumers' attitude towards the sustainable development of the tourism sector from a theoretical point of view and presents the results of the conducted research. It is concluded that the respondents consider the following factors of sustainable development of the tourism sector to be the most important: development of ecological tourism; accessibility of tourism; creation of tourist routes accessible to all; certification of tourism services; development of the common national route and development of bicycle tourism infrastructure, etc. According to the respondents, the following problems of sustainable development of the tourism sector are usually encountered: economic problem: insufficient investments in the development of sustainable tourism; lack of knowledge about the essence and principles of sustainable tourism in local politics; underdeveloped tourism sector infrastructure, etc.
FITNESS LEVEL OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ENGAGED IN SPORTS
Authors: Danylevych Myroslava , Romanchuk Olha , Musikevych Taras , Yurko Nadiya , Stefanyshyn Markiian
Published: May 2024

School physical education is effective means of providing children with the knowledge for lifelong physical activity. The research was aimed to examine the influence of different sports activities (badminton, basketball, football) on fitness level of boys aged 10-11. 72 boys aged 10-11 were engaged in the research. Evaluation of children’s fitness level involved anthropometric parameters of body length (cm); body mass (kg); hand dynamometry (kg). Cardiovascular and respiratory systems were also assessed: heart rate (HR, bpm) – method of palpation; blood pressure – systolic (SBP, mm Hg) and diastolic (DBP, mm Hg) – method of Korotkoff sounds; vital capacity of lungs (VC, L) – spirometer measuring. The Ruffier index, life index, strength index, the Robinson index and the Quetelet index were considered as well. Summing the points of five parameters, fitness levels were defined as low, below average, average, above average, and high. Comparative analysis of ball games influence on children’s fitness level revealed the highest growth rate among badminton players, though their initial and final parameters were the lowest ones. Research findings made it possible to conclude that extramural engagement in ball games throughout school year had beneficial effect on fitness levels of boys aged 10-11.
Honorary doctor of the institute of experimental medicine professor Andrey Pavlovich Dyban (18.04.1922–04.02.2013)
Authors: Patkin Eugene L. , Noniashvili Ekaterina M. , Dyban Pavel A.
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the creative path of the famous scientist, honorary doctor of the Institute of Experimental Medicine Professor Andrey P. Dyban.
Cytotoxic effects of nerve growth factor and its combinations with chemotherapeutic drugs on anaplastoc astrocytoma, glioblastoma and medubloblastoma cells in vitro
Authors: Chernov Alexander N. , Galimova Elvira S. , Shamova Olga V.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Currently, the effectiveness of the treatment of malignant tumors using surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is insufficient. Therefore, new research is needed to find alternative molecules with antitumor effects. It is known that nerve growth factor (NGF) inhibits invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Studying the effects of NGF on brain tumors, as well as its combinations with chemotherapy drugs used in medicine, may contribute to the development of new treatment regimens for malignant neoplasms in the central nervous system.
AIM: The purpose of this study is an exploration the molecular and cellular mechanisms of anticancer effects of individual and combined preparations of NGF and chemotherapeutic drugs on brain tumor cells (gliomas C6, U251, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma and medulloblastoma).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on rat glioma C6, human U251 glioma cell lines, as well as on primary cells of anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 9), glioblastoma (n = 9) and medulloblastoma (n = 38) patients. The cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, NGF and their combinations against tumor cells was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression of TrkA and p75 receptors on anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma and medulloblastoma cells was assessed by immunofluorescence analysis using anti-TrkA and anti-p75 monoclonal antibodies.
RESULTS: Nerve growth factor exhibits in vitro cytotoxic activity that exceeds the activity of chemotherapy drugs towards rat glioma C6, human U251, anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), glioblastoma (GBM) and medulloblastoma cells. The cytotoxic activity of NGF in combination with chemotherapy drugs is significantly higher than the activity of the individual NGF drug against medulloblastoma cells, while against anaplastic astrocytoma cells it is comparable to the indicators of the isolated action of NGF, and lower for glioblastoma cells. The effectiveness of the cytotoxic effect of the combinations NGF + cisplatin and NGF + temozolomide (TMZ) on AA and GBM cells correlates with both the expression of TrkA, p75 receptors, and their coexpression, indicating that expression indicators can be considered as markers of tumor cell sensitivity to NGF.
CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained allow us to consider NGF as a potential anticancer drug for the treatment of brain tumors. Thus, NGF can act as a potential anticancer drug for the development of new therapeutic regimens for brain tumors.
Mathematical modeling of biomechanical elastic and hyperelastic properties of the myocardium
Authors: Muslov Sergey A. , Vasyuk Yury A. , Zavialova Alla  I. , Shupenina Elena  Yu. , Sukhochev Pavel  Yu. , Guchukova Layla  Z.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: The study of mechanical properties of biological tissues is extremely informative and is one of the most important areas of biomechanics. Knowledge of these aspects of biological objects based on experimental data can become a source of new medical and technical solutions for the reconstruction of organs and the development of replacement materials.
AIM: Passive mechanical properties of isolated myocardium are compared with linear, bilinear, exponential and the most common hyperelastic models (neohookean, Mooney–Rivlin, Ogden, Yeoh, polynomial and Veronda–Westmann).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature data on mechanical tests of autopsy material obtained from mongrel dogs were used as initial data. To search for the most advanced calculation algorithms the computer algebra system was used, the Mathcad 15.0 software package and the multifunctional finite element analysis application ANSYS 2022 R2 were used. Direct comparison of models was made based on mathematical statistics.
RESULTS: Among the first group of models, the results closest to the experimental data were demonstrated by the exponential model R = 0.9958/0.9984 (in the longitudinal/transverse direction with respect to the myocardial fibers), the lowest accuracy was demonstrated by the linear model R = 0.9813/0.9803. Young’s moduli of linear, bilinear and exponential models and material constants of hyperelastic models are determined. The coefficient of elastic anisotropy of the myocardium, defined as the ratio of the elastic moduli of the linear model measured along and across the direction of the fibers, is equal to 2.18, which is very different from the literature data for the myocardium of the human heart. Deformation along the fibers of the heart muscle is more energy-consuming in the direction along the fibers than in the transverse direction (3.81 and 2.52 mJ/cm3). The most accurate hyperelastic models turned out to be the 2nd order polynomial model R = 0.9971 and the 3rd order Yeoh model R = 0.997. The largest deviations and the lowest correlation coefficient between the experimental and model data were demonstrated by the simple neohookean model R = 0.974 with a single parameter μ. The numerical values of the parameters of hyperelastic models obtained by calculation methods used practically did not differ from each other (≤2.16%).
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated the importance of selecting the correct mechanical model for isolated myocardium. The data obtained can be useful in virtual interventions (simulations) for predicting outcomes and supporting clinical decisions, developing replacement materials and structures made of them for reconstructive operations on heart structures.
Pathogenesis of neuropsychic complications of new coronavirus infection
Authors: Klimov Nikolay A. , Shamova Olga V.
Published: May 2024

Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is characterized by neurological and mental complications in a significant number of patients, which are based on disruption of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, penetration of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the brain, neuroinflammation and coagulopathy. Studies of the brains of patients who died during an acute period of the disease showed a presence of foci of perivascular inflammation containing macrophages and, in a small number, CD8+ T cells. Microglial cells, mast cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells are involved in the development of neuroinflammation. Microglial nodules were observed in brain tissue samples, indicating neurophagia and neuronal loss. Some SARS-CoV-2 proteins, in particular the S protein, have pathogenic properties towards neurons. Biochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients — NfL (neurofilament light chain) and GFAp (glial fibrillary acidic protein) indicate axonal destruction and astrocyte damage. Many patients with COVID-19, develop autoantibodies to self-antigens, including some CNS receptors, and encephalitis due to immune dysfunction and molecular mimicry. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, coronavirus infection increases the symptoms of these diseases. The purpose of the review is summarizing the literary data for the analysis of immunopathogenesis of neuropsychic complications of acute coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and post-COVID syndrome.