bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives to receive oral health information in bus stands and their knowledge, attitudes and practices of passengers in Rangareddy district, Telangana state, India: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Anjum M D Shakeel , Reddy Parthasarathi , Monica M , Rao K Yadav , Abbas Irram , Akula Sheetal , Reddy Ramvilas
Published: March 2017

Aim: The aim of the study is to know the opinion of the passengers travelling by bus in receiving oral health information in bus stands through various methods, and to know their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the oral health.Material and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was carried out at ten bus stands of Ranga Reddy district, Telangana State. A 400 passengers were decided to be included as subjects to obtain information by interview method with a pretested questionnaire, for the sake of convenience as sampling was difficult. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was applied using SPSS version 20.0. Results: A total of 400 passengers completed the survey. Eighty-five percent of the passengers agreed that bus stands should have oral health related information. Forty percent of the passengers preferred to receive oral hygiene instructions printed behind the ticket followed by posters and through television. Fifty-five percent of passengers preferred that oral health informative posters should be pasted near platforms.Conclusions: Majority of the passengers preferred to receive oral health information in bus stands. Hence, efforts should be directed by government in spreading the oral health information among public through this mode too.
Influence of different dentin drying methods on adhesive behavior of composite restorations
Authors: De Souza Helena Reis , Perotto Stéfanie Thieme , Erhardt Maria Carolina Guilherme , Lima Fabio Garcia , Spohr Ana Maria , Klein Júnior Celso Afonso , Coelho de Souza Fabio Herrmann
Published: March 2017

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the influence of four different dentin drying methods (air drying for 10s, absorbent paper, endodontic suction cannula and air drying for 10s with subsequent re-wetting with distilled water), after etching with phosphoric acid gel 37%, on bond strength and microleakage of composite restorations.Material and Methods: Twenty sound bovine incisors were selected and sectioned transversely. The buccal surfaces were frayed until exposure of dentin, etched and washed with distilled water. Each specimen was subjected to one of the four different drying methods. A 3-step total-etch adhesive system (Adper Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose) was used on 10 teeth and on the other 10, a 2-step total-etch adhesive system (Adper Single BondT™ 2) was used. Composite resin restorations in cylindrical shapes were made and, after thermocycling, the teeth were subjected to the microshear bond strength test. Cervical areas of the teeth were prepared and restored with the same techniques describe above. Cervical restorations were cut and subjected to microleakage analysis in the cervical margin. Data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed, using ANOVA, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and the significance level was set at 5%.Results: The results showed no statistically significant differences among the groups tested.Conclusions: It was concluded that all drying methods tested represent feasible alternatives to clinical application for total etch dentin-bonding agents.
Continued medication use in dentistry: the importance of dental records
Authors: De Medeiros Glaucia Helena Faraco , Brüning Vanessa
Published: March 2017

Aim: Appoint the main chronic diseases and the most frequent medications used by the patients by the graduation students of Dentistry between 2012 and 2014/A,through patients’dentistry records.Material and Methods: Two studies were performed: one retrospective in patients’ dentistry records, attended at the Clinical School of Dentistry and a cross-sectional study with the students enrolled between the 6th and 9th semester in 2014/B. After the record, the data were inserted on an Excel® spreadsheet to posterior analysis by simple frequency.Results: Eighty-eight charts were evaluated and applied a questionnaire to 61 students. The most prevalence disease in the attended patients at the clinic and mentioned by the students was the systemic arterial hypertension, 77.25% and 60.66% respectively. Fifty-eight students (95%) affirmed confirming the patients’ anamnesis with systemic arterial hypertension, mellitus diabetes and chronic disease. The most used medications by these patients are those to control the systemic arterial hypertension, mellitus diabetes and heart diseases. Seventy-two percent affirmed interest on the purpose of patients’ medication; 32.79% say to research about their interaction. By dentistry records analyzed we found that only 5.6% took notes about the time of use of the medications.Conclusions: The chronic diseases most found in patients were the arterial hypertension, mellitus diabetes and heart diseases. The main medications are used to control diseases previously mentioned. One update of anamnesis record is suggested by the students.
Use of heat cure clear acrylic as a permanent denture base material: a case report
Authors: R. Sushma , Farias Anand , Khandagale Tushar Shivaji , Sanyal Pronob Kumar
Published: March 2017

Clear acrylic denture base material finds is use in the fabrication of implant guides, surgical stents, and guiding flanges in dentistry. Given its excellent transparent property, the material will show the original gingival pigmentation which mimics the natural gingiva. In this case report one such attempt was made to use the clear acrylic denture so as to reflect the patients’ original gingival pigmentation.
Do homo sapiens ao homo cibernéticus: uma reflexão sobre a relação homem-tecnologia
Authors: Pontes Aldo
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo apresenta um panorama da relação homem-tecnologia através do tempo e que, em uma perspectiva semiótica, pode ser dividida em três momentos. Começando na fase "Muscular Motor", quando a máquina substitui a força muscular, passa pela "Sensório Motor", onde as máquinas ampliam os sentidos humanos e chega a terceira fase, chamada de "Cerebral", na qual vê-se a revolução tecnológica marcando profundamente o desenvolvimento sócio-político-econômico-cultural do homem, o que coloca a educação como peça fundamental para estabelecer efetivamente essa relação.
O imprevisto no espaço da educação infantil
Authors: Palmen Sueli Helena de Camargo
Published: March 2017

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada em creche de universidade pública estadual. Aborda as relações criança-criança, criança-adulto, permeadas pelo espaçofísico, verificando qual a influência da organização espacial na prática educativa. Coloca para discussão e reflexão a importância das trocas de saberes entre os diversos sujeitos que fazem parte da creche, a importância do planejamento educacional e a importância da organização espacial, lembrando que estes elementos podem favorecer ou não o surgimento dos momentos de imprevisto na educação infantil, enquanto a participação da criança no planejamento.
A cultura como elemento agregador para as unidades de informação: pluralizando manifestações culturais
Authors: Santa Anna Jorge
Published: March 2017

A cultura manifesta-se como um segmento inerente às práticas humanas e sociais, fator determinante para a identidade social de uma nação. Embora se consolide de formas múltiplas, a diversidade cultural é característica marcante das sociedades, sendo considerada, ao longo dos tempos, produto social construído e valorizado. Sua importância é justificada ante as inúmeras formas de preservação e manutenção de tipos culturais específicos, sendo sustentados por diferentes instituições. As bibliotecas, os arquivos e os museus representam as principais instituições nas quais são desenvolvidos métodos e técnicas de armazenamento e conservação dos produtos culturais produzidos pelas sociedades. Sendo assim, este artigo traz à baila reflexões acerca da relação existente entre a cultura com as principais unidades de informação, aqui representadas pelas bibliotecas, arquivos e museus. Conceitua cultura no âmbito social; discorre o papel das bibliotecas, dos arquivos e dos museus quanto à cultura no decurso da história; apresenta a função social relacionada à cultura inerente no fazer dos profissionais da informação. Expõe a participação e valorização do poder público quanto aos investimentos realizados nessas instituições, considerando aspectos culturais. Após análise e discussão na literatura, constatou-se que as unidades de informação representam centros armazenadores e disseminadores da cultura. No entanto, percebeu-se que, a realidade ainda carece de esforços haja vista aproveitar as potencialidades dessas instituições quanto à preservação e disseminação da memória cultural. Esse fato desperta maior reflexão acerca da participação da sociedade e do poder público na gestão desses espaços, haja vista garantir o reconhecimento e respeito da diversidade cultural existente.
Catadores e movimento social
Authors: Souza Juliana Soares de , Zanin Maria
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar importância do tema estudado, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica empreendida, tendo como objeto, pesquisas que empregaram os termos “Movimento Social” e “Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis” e seus respectivos correlatos, na base de dados CAPES, no período compreendido entre os anos de 2010 a 2012. Para isso foi indispensável conceituar ambos os termos, por meio de publicações com reconhecimento científico atestado. A pesquisa bibliométrica apontou para as peculiares das publicações e permitiu uma análise pormenorizada da  justificativa  sobre a importância da temática movimento social de catadores de materiais recicláveis no campo científico, conceituado no trabalho como ferramenta de divulgação e reivindicação de direitos sociais, por ora renegados pela sociedade brasileira, cuja desigualdade social alimenta a exclusão.
Internacionalização da produção científica do Brasil em Física de Altas Energias (1983-2013)
Authors: Alvarez Gonzalo Rubén , Caregnato Sônia Elisa
Published: March 2017

Este estudo bibliométrico analisa as dimensões da internacionalização da produção científica brasileira em Física de Altas Energias (FAE) a partir dos artigos publicados em revistas indexadas pela Web of Science (WoS) no período de 1983-2013. Com base na classificação proposta pelo Manual de Santiago da Red de Indicadores de Ciencia y Tecnologia Iberoamericana e Interamericana (RICYT), a internacionalização do Brasil em FAE é estimada através de Indicadores de Difusão, Colaboração e Impacto Internacional. Os indicadores de Difusão Internacional revelam a preferência pela publicação em periódicos estrangeiros de língua inglesa. A totalidade dos artigos analisados foi veiculada em 35 revistas de 11 países diferentes. Os indicadores de Colaboração Internacional mostram a prevalência da coautoria em FAE visto que 49,07% dos artigos foram assinados por mais de um país. Os indicadores de Impacto Internacional destacam o peso das publicações em periódicos estrangeiros de língua inglesa dentre os citantes. Os documentos citantes internacionais representam 87,78% do total, com destaque para os assinados por autores dos Estados Unidos. Os indicadores de internacionalização utilizados desvelam o perfil científico internacional da FAE no Brasil, acompanhando o padrão característico da área na esfera global.
Relações entre o contrato didático e avaliação: uma revisão de literatura em Educação em Ciências
Authors: Brick Elizandro Maurício , Ferreira Gabriela Kaiana , De Sena Rogério Melo
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho explicita as relações entre Contrato Didático (CD)e a avaliação escolar a partir de uma revisão de literatura sistemática. Os trabalhos analisados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) foram selecionados a partir do mecanismo de busca do portal de teses da Capes e da busca manual nos títulos e resumos das sete primeiras edições do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC). Livros e artigos referenciados nos itens encontrados nessas buscas também foram integrados ao corpus de análise. Como principais resultados obtivemos: a relatividade recíproca dos contratos didáticos e das práticas avaliativas estabelecidos; a potencialidade da explicitação das intenções educacionais/epistemológicas das situações didáticas quando se consideram o CD e a avaliação como instrumentos analíticos dessas situações. Também, foi possível pontuar que a avaliação escolar diz respeito às questões que extrapolam as relações entre professor-aluno-saber e, ao mesmo tempo, que a cultura escolar materializada por meio de avaliação e CD constitui-se como condicionante para as inovações pedagógicas.
Elaboração de uma sequência didática voltada para a alfabetização científica na ecologia
Authors: Freire Caio Castro , Motokane Marcelo Tadeu
Published: March 2017

Sequências didáticas (SD) têm sido utilizadas como instrumentos de planejamento do ensino e também como objetos de pesquisa, criando condições favoráveis para os alunos se apropriarem de ferramentas culturais próprias do fazer científico, e permitindo a análise desse processo. Investigar o desenvolvimento de uma SD pode auxiliar a compreender como aproximar a ciência de referência e a ciência escolar, evidenciando fatores importantes dos processos de transposição didática e alfabetização científica, e estimulando o diálogo entre a pesquisa no ensino e a sala de aula. Assim, este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de transposição envolvido na elaboração de uma sequência didática voltada para a alfabetização científica na ecologia. O resultado foi uma descrição detalhada e sistemática de fatores relevantes no desenho de uma atividade investigativa para aulas sobre interações ecológicas. Esses fatores incluíram dimensões importantes da análise de sequências didáticas, como a dimensão epistemológica, relacionada aos conteúdos a serem aprendidos, aos problemas a serem resolvidos e à sua gênese histórica, e a dimensão didática, que analisa as restrições do próprio funcionamento das instituições de ensino.
Construção do conhecimento em tempos atuais: os problemas da utilização do Google como principal fonte de pesquisa
Authors: Batista André Luiz França , Simões Bruno Dos Santos , Ceolin Taíse
Published: March 2017

Este artigo sinaliza algumas das contribuições da Internet para a gestão e construção do conhecimento nos últimos 20 anos. Posteriormente é discutido como empresas privadas, especificamente o Google,  tem determinado o modo pelo qual as pessoas tem acesso à vasta quantidade de informação disponível online. A invasão de privacidade e o fornecimento de resultados personalizados conforme o perfil de cada pessoa, também são tratados neste trabalho, bem como os riscos decorrentes disto. Por fim, são propostas algumas medidas para que os indivíduos não permaneçam presos a um ciclo de informações repetidas, e assim tenham acesso a conteúdos que antes não estariam ao seu alcance virtual.
Analisando as pesquisas Envolvendo Transposição Didática de Conteúdos Químicos Publicadas no Brasil
Authors: Melzer Ehrick Eduardo Martins , Simões Neto José Euzebio , Silva Flávia Cristiane Vieira da
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho buscou realizar um levantamento bibliográfico para identificar e analisar as pesquisas sobre transposição didática envolvendo conhecimentos químicos no Brasil. Optamos pela noção de transposição apresentada por Chevallard, na qual o saber sofre transformações quando deixa a esfera cientifica e se aproxima da esfera escolar. Encontramos seis dissertações de mestrado e sete trabalhos em anais de eventos (especificamente dois no ENPEC e cinco no ENEQ) sobre o tema. Nossos resultados direcionam para uma baixa produção de trabalhos de transposição didática envolvendo conteúdos químicos. Nas dissertações, percebemos a tendência de trabalhar com temas fundamentais, como modelos atômicos e ligações químicas. Nos eventos, observamos o crescimento de publicações sobre o tema, que pode refletir num crescimento do número de programas de pesquisa em ensino de interessados nesta perspectiva de trabalho com a transposição didática.
“Jogo da Radiação”: elaboração de um software educativo articulado ao contexto CTSA e a percepção docente e discente.
Authors: Chacon Eluzir Pedrazzi , Ribeiro Carlos Magno Rocha , Borges Márcia Narcizo
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho discute a elaboração de um software educativo que aborda o tema “Radiação”. O jogo didático objetivou estimular a aprendizagem do tema no Ensino Médio e articular os ambientes do cotidiano discente, como casas, jardins, museus, hospitais, locais de pesquisa científica, e uma usina nuclear com diversos assuntos que envolvem a radiação, tais como a produção de energia, meio ambiente, medicina, dentre outros. Como a teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa norteou os objetivos pedagógicos deste recurso didático, elaborou-se um mapa conceitual que orientou todo o processo, organizando e articulando os conceitos químicos ao tema central. A percepção sobre a utilização do jogo quanto à motivação e aprendizado por professores do ensino médio e superior, bem como de alunos do ensino médio mostrou-se positiva.
Ensino e aprendizagem “com” e não apenas “sobre” tecnologias: contribuições para o ensino superior e formação docente a partir da abordagem histórico-cultural de Vigotski
Authors: Kurtz Fabiana Diniz
Published: March 2017

O processo educacional articulado ao papel das tecnologias vem sendo bastante discutido, porém, com grande ênfase em seu uso instrumental, sem grande preocupação pedagógica sob o ponto de vista emancipatório do sujeito. Assim, este artigo apresenta, em âmbito teórico-conceitual, de que forma o ensino e a formação docente podem ser integrados às tecnologias, considerando esses instrumentos culturais não como mero objetos a serviço do professor, mas como ferramentas cognitivas que alteram o desenvolvimento cognitivo do sujeito, constituindo nova cultura. A perspectiva vigotskiana (VIGOTSKI, 2007; 2008) é adotada a partir do que têm observado neo-vigotskianos (WERTSCH, 1985; 2002) e interlocutores próximos (MALDANER, 2014, PINO, 2010). Resultados do estudo, fruto de Doutorado em Educação nas Ciências, sugerem a necessidade de refinamento teórico, ainda na formação docente, sobre o uso qualificado das tecnologias, extrapolando seu uso instrumental. Se a significação e criação de novos sentidos aos conhecimentos generalizados e de fácil acesso aos estudantes são realizadas a partir dos conhecimentos históricos, é fundamental que esses conhecimentos clássicos passem a fazer sentido ao aluno, elevando a aprendizagem a outro patamar de abstração que, em termos vigotskianos, significa a possibilidade de consciência do significado que os instrumentos culturais e o próprio acesso à cultura possuem.
ENTRE RISCOS E RABISCOS: CONCEPÇÕES SOBRE A IMAGEM DOCENTE
Authors: Goldschmidt Andréa Inês , Murça Jenyffer Soares Estival , Gontijo Lucas Salvino , Guimarães Simone Sendin Moreira , Paranhos Rones De Deus
Published: March 2017

O artigo trata de uma investigação sobre as concepções da “imagem de professor” a partir de uma inquirição com setenta e sete estudantes de licenciatura em biologia. O estudo, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo, orientou-se pelo enfoque exploratório. A construção das imagens docentes foi a partir da análise de desenhos dos estudantes. Para análise/síntese das informações registradas, utilizamos uma adaptação do trabalho de Böer (1993, 2007). Foram elencadas quatro categorias de análise: Professor, Aluno, Ambiente, Recursos e Materiais. Os resultados indicam que os registros apontam igualitariamente representações do gênero feminino e masculino; que transitam entre a figura de um professor cientista ou tradicional quanto ao uso do jaleco e que demostram a expressão feliz no exercício docente. Em relação aos alunos verificamos um percentual significativo de ausência destes e que quando presentes são representados de forma passiva. O ambiente do professor é quase que representado na totalidade pela sala de aula com o uso de materiais tradicionais, desconsiderando outros espaços e tipos de materiais para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Esses resultados colocam em relevo a necessidade da atuação do professor formador em discutir essas concepções de maneira a se afastar da construção de uma imagem docente ingênua.
AS FUNÇÕES DA EXPERIMENTAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS E MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Limberger Karen Martins , Delgado Brandolt Thelma Duarte , Bertoglio Diana Schuch
Published: March 2017

O trabalho buscou analisar as percepções de alunos do mestrado em Educação em Ciências e Matemática da PUCRS sobre a função da experimentação no ensino de Ciências e Matemática. O estudo teve como ponto de partida um levantamento das percepções dos mestrandos por meio de depoimentos escritos que, posteriormente, foram transcritos e cujos dados foram submetidos à Análise Textual Discursiva.  Com base nessas informações, constatou-se que a função da experimentação no Ensino de Ciências e Matemática possibilita a integração entre teoria e prática, beneficia a contextualização, desafia e contribui para a motivação do aluno, desenvolve habilidades e competências e favorece a reconstrução do conhecimento.
Remote Sensing Based Estimation of Evapo-Transpiration Using Selected Algorithms: The Case of Wonji Shoa Sugar Cane Estate, Ethiopia
Authors: Genanu Mulugeta , Alamirew Tena , Senay Gabriel , Gebremichael Mekonnen
Published: March 2017

Remote sensing datasets are increasingly being used to provide spatially explicit large scale evapotranspiration (ET) estimates. The focus of this study was to estimate and thematically map on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of the Wonji Shoa Sugarcane Estate using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) algorithms. The results obtained revealed that the ranges of the daily ETa estimated on January 25, February 26, September 06 and October 08, 2002 using SEBAL were 0.0 - 6.85, 0.0 – 9.36, 0.0 – 3.61, 0.0 – 6.83 mm/day; using SSEB 0.0 - 6.78, 0.0 – 7.81, 0.0 – 3.65, 0.0 – 6.46 mm/day, and SSEBop were 0.05 - 8.25, 0.0 – 8.82, 0.2 – 4.0, 0.0 – 7.40 mm/day, respectively. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values between SSEB and SEBAL, SSEBop and SEBAL, and SSEB and SSEBop were 0.548, 0.548, and 0.99 for January 25, 2002; 0.739, 0.753, and 0.994 for February 26, 2002;0.847, 0.846, and 0.999 for September 06, 2002; 0.573, 0.573, and 1.00 for October 08, 2002, respectively. The standard deviation of ETa over the sugarcane estate showed high spatio-temporal variability perhaps due to soil moisture variability and surface cover. The three algorithm results showed that well watered sugarcane fields in the mid-season growing stage of the crop had higher ETa values compared with the other dry agricultural fields confirming that they consumptively use more water. Generally during the dry season, ETa is limited to water surplus areas only and in wet season, ETa was high throughout the entire sugarcane estate. The evaporation fraction (ETrF) results also followed the same pattern as the daily ETa over the sugarcane estate. The total crop and irrigation water requirement and effective rainfall estimated using the Cropwat model were 2468.8, 2061.6 and 423.8 mm/yr for January 2001 planted and 2281.9, 1851.0 and 437.8 mm/yr for March 2001 planted sugarcanes, respectively. The mean annual ETa estimated for the whole estate were 107 Mm3, 140 Mm3, and 178 Mm3 using SEBAL, SSEB, and SSEBop, respectively. Even though the algorithms should be validated through field observation, they have potential to be used for effective estimation of ET in the sugarcane estate.
Organocatalytic Stereoselective Epoxidation of Aryl-Substituted Vinylidenebisphosphonate Esters: On the Way to Chiral Anti-Osteoporosis Drugs
Authors: Chiminazzo Andrea , Sperni Laura , Scarso Alessandro , Strukul Giorgio
Published: March 2017

The synthesis of a new class of epoxide derivatives from prochiral vinylidene bisphosphonate (VBP) precursors is reported using hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant. The reaction is carried out using a series of possible organic catalysts having a basic character, the best results being observed using quinine and sparteine. These catalysts not only provide from good to excellent epoxide yields with a large variety of VBPs but also interesting enantioselectivities in the 67-96% ee range at least in the case of the Ph and m-MeO-Ph VBP derivatives opening the way to a number of chiral anti-osteoporosis potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Open Hardware and Software Star Tracker: An Opportunity for Collaboration in the Emerging Cubesat Community
Authors: Gutierrez Samuel T. , Fuentes Cesar I. , Diaz Marcos A.
Published: March 2017

We present an open-source Star Tracker (ST) for Attitude Determination. Our implementation makes use of open source software of common usage in astronomy running on a Raspberry Pi 2 platform. The developed platform is open and available for parties interested in further development. Evaluation of the system showed that the ST is suitable for Cubesats of 2U or larger. The ST platform is capable of solving the Lost-In-Space (LIS) problem. Currently, the average accuracy reached of the algorithm is close to 5 seconds of arc with an average processing time of 75 seconds. However, a average accuracy of about 3 minutes of arc can be reached with 35 seconds in average processing time. We also describe the evaluation procedure, the found conclusions of this procedure, in particular the section of the algorithm where most of the processing time is spent and other possible source of errors not included in this study.
Cu6Sn5 Whiskers Precipitated in Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu Interconnection in Concentrator Silicon Solar Cells Solder Layer
Authors: Zhang Liang , Liu Zhi-quan , Yang Fan , Zhong Su-juan
Published: March 2017

Cu6Sn5 whiskers precipitated in Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu interconnection in concentrator silicon solar cells solder layer were found and investigated after reflow soldering and during aging. Ag3Sn fibers can be observed around Cu6Sn5 whiskers in the matrix microstructure, which can play an active effect on the reliability of interconnection. Different morphologies of Cu6Sn5 whiskers can be observed, and hexagonal rod structure is the main morphology of Cu6Sn5 whiskers. A hollow structure can be observed in hexagonal Cu6Sn5 whiskers, and a screw dislocation mechanism was used to represent the Cu6Sn5 growth. Based on mechanical property testing and finite element simulation, Cu6Sn5 whiskers were regarded as having a negative effect on the durability of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu interconnection in concentrator silicon solar cells solder layer.
Potent Natural Inhibitors of Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase against Hyperglycemia in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Riyaphan Jirawat , Jhong Chien-Hung , Tsai May-Jwan , Lee Der-Nan , Leong Max K. , Weng Ching-Feng
Published: March 2017

The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase is one of clinic strategies for remedy the type II diabetes. Herbal medicines are reported to alleviate hyperglycemia. However, the constituents from those sources whether are targeted to the alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase still unexplored. This study attempted to select the compounds for efficacy of hypoglycemia via cellular and mouse levels. The results illustrated that the cytotoxicity in all tested compounds at various concentrations except the concentration of 16-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13-dine-16,15-olide (HCD) at 30 µM were not significant difference (p > 0.05) when compared with the untreated control. Acarbose (reference drug), Antroquinonol, Catechin, Quercetin, Actinodaphnine, Curcumin, HCD, Docosanol, Tetracosanol, Berberine, and Rutin could effectively inhibit the alpha-glucosidase activity of Caco-2 cells when compared with the control (maltose). The compounds (Curcumin, HCD, Tetracosanol, Antroquinonol, Berberine, Catechin, Actinodaphnine, and Rutin) could reduce blood sugar level at 30 min in tested mice. The effects of tested compounds on area under curve (AUC) were significant (p < 0.05) among Acarbose, Tetracosanol, Antroquinonol, Catechin, Actinodaphnine, and Rutin along with Berberine and Quercetin. In in vitro (alpha-glucosidase) with in vivo (alpha-amylase) experiments suggest that bioactive compounds can be a potential inhibitor candidate of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase for the alleviation of type II diabetes.
Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Copulas of Multivariate Time Series
Authors: Rémillard Bruno
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the sequential empirical process and the sequential empirical copula process, both constructed from residuals of multivariate stochastic volatility models. Applications for the detection of structural changes and specification tests of the distribution of innovations are discussed. It is also shown that if the stochastic volatility matrices are diagonal, which is the case if the univariate time series are estimated separately instead of being jointly estimated, then the empirical copula process behaves as if the innovations were observed; a remarkable property. As a by-product, one also obtains the asymptotic behavior of rank-based measures of dependence applied to residuals of these time series models.
The Event-B Modelling with Operators-based Refinement of NoC-based Wireless Sensors Networks
Authors: Hariche Abdelhamid , Belarbi Mostefa , Chouarfia Abdallah , Chaib Abdelkader
Published: March 2017

The need for high performance, available and reliable embedded systems has made computing systems increasingly complex. Formal methods have the ability to produce critical systems for large industrial projects, and this by creating an original mathematical model that can be formally refined in levels until the final refinement which contains enough of details for an implementation. This work is a first step of VHDL code generation process, it represents how to elaborate formally an embedded system using Abstract data type in a form of theories (NoC, WNoC, colored graph, VHDL) and how to ensure in systematic way all the details and complexity of this system using operators of refinement (Create, Rename, Restrict, Enrich)that are recently proposed for the Event-B method. All the theories are deployed, discharged and used in Event-B models to represent and enhance the performance of this self-organization reliability solution for the wireless sensors network of NoC-based system. This paper summerize the fruit of using new proposed approach for the Event-B formal method that persist the NoC-based ditributed system instead of consuming more than 70% of realization time with any analytic method.
A Hybrid Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter Algorithm
Authors: He Jun , Zhang Qinhua , Hu Qin , Sun Guouxi
Published: March 2017

In order to overcome the limitation of the traditional adaptive Unscented Kalman Filtering (UKF) algorithm in noise covariance estimation for statement and measurement, we propose a hybrid adaptive UKF algorithm based on combining Maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion and Maximum likelihood (ML) criterion, in this paper. First, to prevent the actual noise covariance deviating from the true value which can lead to the state estimation error and arouse the filtering divergence, a real-time covariance matrices estimation algorithm based on hybrid MAP and ML is proposed for obtaining the statement and measurement noises covariance, respectively; and then, a balance equation the two kinds of covariance matrix is structured in this proposed to minimize the statement estimation error. Compared with the UFK based MAP and based ML, the proposed algorithm provides better convergence and stability.
Process Heat Generation Potential from Solar Concentration Technologies in Latin America: The Case of Argentina
Authors: Lillo Isidoro , Pérez Elena , Moreno Sara , Silva Manuel
Published: March 2017

This paper evaluates the potential of solar concentration technologies—compound parabolic collector (CPC), linear Fresnel collector (LFC) and parabolic trough collector (PTC)—as an alternative to conventional sources of energy for industrial processes in Latin America, where high levels of solar radiation and isolated areas without energy supply exist. The analysis is addressed from energy, economic and environmental perspective. A specific application for Argentina in which fourteen locations are analyzed is considered. Results show that solar concentration technologies can be an economically and environmentally viable alternative. Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) ranges between 2.5 and 16.9 c€/kWh/m2 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions avoided range between 33 and 348 kgCO2/(m2·year). CPC technology stands out as the most recommendable technology when the working fluid temperature ranges from 373K to 423K. As the working fluid temperature increases the differences between the LCOE values of the CPC and LFC technologies decrease. When 523K is reached LFC technology is the one which presents the lowest LCOE values for all analyzed sites, while the LCOE values of PTC technology are close to CPC technology values. Results show that solar concentration technologies have reached economic and environmental competitiveness levels under certain scenarios, mainly linked to solar resource available, thermal level requirements and solar technology cost.
Effects of Cold Stress on the Photosynthesis and Antioxidant System of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.
Authors: Zhou Xiaofu , Chen Silin , Wu Hui , Xu Hongwei
Published: March 2017

Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall., live in Changbai Mountain being exposed to chilling temperature, high light intensities and water scarcity condition. To adapt to the harsh environment, the cold resistance mechanisms of R. chrysanthum have been successfully evolved in the long-term adaptive process. In our present work, the methods of proteomics combined with physiological and biochemical analyses were used to investigate the effects of cold stress on the photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. and the molecular mechanisms involved in cold resistance of plants. A total of 153 photosynthesis related proteins were identified in present work, of which 7 proteins including Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) were up-regulated in experiment group (EG) compared with control group (CG). Simultaneously, four chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in present study. The results showed that the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield of PSII (Y(II)) and photochemical quenching (qP) were significantly higher in EG, whereas the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was notably decreased. Cold stress could lead to a significant reduction in electron transport rate (ETR) accompanied with an increase in excitation pressure (1-qP). The abundance of PetE which involved in the plants photosynthetic electron transfer was also significantly influenced by cold stress. Moreover, the up-regulated expressions and higher levels of enzymatic activities of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) were detected in EG. All these changes which can help plants to survive in low temperature are considered as the crucial parts of cold tolerance mechanisms. These results revealed that photosynthesis and redox adjustment play significant roles in the defense of cold-induced damage.
Efficiency Increase of Vibratory Energy Harvesting Circuits by Multi-Harvester Strategy Design
Authors: Ortiz Javier , Etxaniz Josu , Murillo Nieves , Zubia Joseba , Aranguren Aramendia Gerardo
Published: March 2017

Since the requirements in terms of power of the electronic applications range wide, the developed Energy Harvesting (EH) systems limit their availability to the less power demanding applications. However, this paper focuses on increasing the energy levels collected in the EH system so that it can be included in more demanding applications in terms of power. Therefore, an electronic system capable of grouping many single harvesting channels into one single system is analyzed in this paper. This multi-harvester electronic system is able to manage efficiently the energy collected by multiple vibratory transducers. The paper includes a comparison of its performance against some of the State-of-the-Art EH energy management circuits that interface the transducers. The method employed to demonstrate the intrinsic efficiency of each of the electronic circuits tested was based on experimental tests, where the average power transferred from several identical and simultaneous electric sources to a single storage element was measured. It was found out that only one energy management circuit was able to increase the transferred energy in a linear way while new input electric sources were added.
Term and Legal Position of an Individual Enterpreneur in Republic of Serbia
Authors: Markovic Velisav , Vicentijevic Kosana , Petrovic Zoran
Published: March 2017

An entrepreneur is a business-able physical person who performs activities to gain the profit and who is registered according to law. Starting from the national and theoretical and legal solutions and court practice from comparative law, the authors analyze the concept and the legal position of an individual entrepreneur noticing the problems and inconsistencies in legal regulations. The authors of the work make a few conclusions and suggestions: 1) terminology is not coordinated with legal terminology from comparative law. In our law, the legal term is “entrepreneur”, which is a too wide and unspecified term because in economic profession this term represents the genus term for individual and collective entrepreneurship; 2) analyze all forbidden activities for entrepreneurs, judge the reasons pro et contra and work on eliminating prohibitions and favouring legal entities; 3) set by law the bankruptcy of an individual entrepreneur i.e. the individual bankruptcy of a physical person; 4) work on passing a separate legislation in the field of the individual entrepreneurship, especially on passing and changing the laws which would regulate handicrafts (including old crafts and jobs of home industry), free professions as well as agricultural activity.
Sulfur Isotope Fractionation as an Indicator of Biogeochemical Processes in an AMD Passive Bioremediation System
Authors: Lefticariu Liliana , Behum Paul T , Bender Kelly S , Lefticariu Mihai
Published: March 2017

Sulfate, the main dissolved contaminant in acid mine drainage (AMD), is ubiquitous in watersheds affected by coal and metal mining operations worldwide. Engineered passive bioremediation systems (PBS) are low-cost technologies that remediate sulfate contamination by promoting (1) precipitation of sulfate-bearing compounds, such as schwertmannite and gypsum; and (2) microbially-mediated sulfate reduction (BSR) to sulfide with subsequent precipitation of sulfide minerals. In this study, chemical and sulfur isotopic data are used to infer multiple pathways for sulfate sequestration in the Tab-Simco PBS. By simultaneously monitoring sulfate concentrations and δ34SSO4 values at four sampling points across the PBS, we (1) identified that the organic layer within the bioreactor was the primary site of BSR processes contributing to sulfate sequestration; (2) observed seasonal variations of BSR processes; (3) estimated that initially the BSR processes contributed up to 30% to sulfate sequestration in the Tab-Simco bioreactor; and (4) determined that BSR contribution to sulfate sequestration continuously declined over the PBS operational lifetime. Together, our results highlight the utility of combining geochemical and microbial fingerprinting techniques to decipher complementary processes involved in sulfur cycling in a PBS as well as the value of adding the sulfur isotope approach as an essential tool to help understand, predict, prevent and mitigate sulfate contamination in AMD-impacted systems.
Numerical Simulation of CO2-EOR and Storage Potential in the Morrow Formation, Ochiltree County, Texas
Authors: Ampomah W. , Balch R. S. , Cather M. , Rose-Coss D. , Gragg E.
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a numerical study of CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and storage in partially depleted reservoirs. A field-scale compositional reservoir flow model was developed for assessing the performance history of a CO2 flood and optimizing oil production and CO2 storage in the Farnsworth Field Unit (FWU), Ochiltree County, Texas.

A geocellular model was constructed from geophysical and geological data acquired at the site. The model aided in characterization of heterogeneities in the Pennsylvanian-aged Morrow sandstone reservoir. Seismic attributes illuminated previously unknown faults and structural elements within the field. A laboratory fluid analysis was tuned to an equation of state and subsequently used to predict the thermodynamic minimum miscible pressure (MMP). Datasets including net-to-gRose ratio, volume of shale, permeability, and burial history were used to model initial fault transmissibility based on the Sperivick model. An improved history match of primary and secondary recovery was performed to set the basis for a CO2 flood study. The performance of the current CO2 miscible flood patterns were subsequently calibrated to historical production and injection data. Several prediction models were constructed to study the effect of recycling, addition of wells and/or new patterns, water alternating gas (WAG) cycles and optimum amount of CO2 purchase on incremental oil production and CO2 storage in the FWU.

The history matching study successfully validated the presence of the previously-undetected faults within FWU that were seen in the seismic survey. The analysis of the various prediction scenarios showed that recycling a high percentage of produced gas, addition of new wells and a gradual reduction in CO2 purchase after several years of operation would be the best approach to ensure a high percentage of recoverable incremental oil and sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 within the Morrow reservoir.
Chelating Agents in Productivity Enhancement: A Review
Authors: Almubarak Tariq , Ng Jun Hong , Nasr-El-Din Hisham
Published: March 2017

This literature review summarizes the theory and application of chelating agents in acidizing both carbonate and sandstone formations, and in hydraulic fracturing. The objective of this work is to explain the key role that chelating agents play in stimulation.

This paper reviews results that were obtained through various laboratory tests, which aid in understanding chelating agent interactions with formation rock and fluids. Results were obtained through the following tests: coreflooding, corrosion tests, compatibility, Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).

At high temperatures, conventional acids such as HCl show severe corrosion, lack of penetration and sludging characteristics. Several organic acids were proposed in the reviewed literature to solve these issues. However, even organic acids result in solubility and incompatibility issues. Based on these shortcomings, chelating agents are often used and show good dissolving power, low corrosion, low sludging tendencies, excellent iron control, and some are highly degradable and environmentally friendly. In addition to acidizing, chelating agents allow for the application of saline water fracturing because of their water-softening properties. They also contribute to high-temperature water fracturing through delayed chelation of both the crosslinker and breaker.

This work summarizes the applications of chelating agents in the stimulation sector. Over 100 papers were reviewed, including the latest developments and field applications of this technology. Readers can easily expand on this paper to further explore the wide range of applications chelating agents can offer the oil and gas industry.
Optimizing Shale Development: Another Approach By Means of Multilateral Wellbores
Authors: Durst Doug G.
Published: March 2017

Multilateral (ML) wells have been synonymous with the means to improve recovery from conventional reservoirs by adding drainage. Throughout the years, there have been limited ML well applications in various US unconventional plays. Widespread use has likely been curtailed by the challenging commodity price environment that has forced operators to drill and complete wells faster to lower recovery costs and provide production to the market quicker. This paper discusses the use of ML technology in unconventional programs to optimize shale development.

Thousands of ML wells have been drilled and completed to date in many conventional applications worldwide. Applications range from benign projects to more complex programs that include deepwater, subsea, and extended-reach projects. Many unconventional heavy oil applications have been developed in various regions using ML technology during the last 20 years. The use of ML technology in many of these applications created efficiency in the operator's development plans because fewer wells were necessary to drain reservoirs more effectively. This helped save drilling and completion, production and surface equipment, and all other related infrastructure costs. Early this decade, ML technology also began to make inroads in the shale oil and gas marketplace.

ML technology has been used to develop a limited number of unconventional shale and tight oil and gas wells in both Canada and the contiguous US. Some of the published data addressed the operational issues, surface logistics, and general efficiencies of many of these previous ML multistage projects. This paper presents a case study that examines in additional detail the drilling and completion of two single horizontal wells vs. a single ML well in an unconventional play.

This paper discusses the potential benefits of ML applications and modifications to consider during the drilling and completion of shale and/or tight oil and gas wells. Objective viewpoints are also presented to generate further discussion.