bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Eye, the Brain, the Screen – What Neuroscience Can Teach Film Theory
Authors: Elliott Paul
Published: March 2020

“I don’t believe that linguistics and psychoanalysis offer a great deal to the cinema. On the contrary, the biology of the brain – molecular biology – does.” Gilles DeleuzeModels of the brain are inextricably linked to the surrounding cultural episteme: whether it is viewed as a complex clockwork device, a computer, a self-regulating network or even a cinema screen, our understanding of neurophysiology has always relied on discourses and images taken from other fields. In turn, however, our knowledge of cerebral processes (such as sight for instance) has always, inevitably, affected the way that we approach artworks, literary texts and cultural artefacts.Based on this, this paper looks at how recent neuroscientific research on vision and cognition can help us better understand the processes inherent in film theory. Focussing mainly on the recently discovered concept of the mirror neuron but also citing synaesthesia and limbic perceptual processing, I suggest that neuroscience can provide us with a fertile new ground for thinking about areas such as spectatorship and the facilitation of emotional affect, it can also offer us alternatives to monolithic ideas like the Gaze and the patriarchal nature of visual pleasure.Prompted perhaps by a shift in scopic thinking, some recent neuroscientific research has even mirrored film and cultural theory by foregrounding notions such embodiment, cross-model perception and mimesis, adding to the dialogic relationship that exists between these two disciplines. This paper then is not only concerned with how different fields communicate but with how each can provide models, metaphors and frameworks for the other.
Interview with Richard Hawking
Authors: Hawking Richard
Published: March 2020

An interview with the artist Richard Hawking.
A Squeeze of the Hand
Authors: Cotner Jon
Published: March 2020

We recorded forty-five-minute dialogues for thirty straight days around New York City. Half these talks took place at a Union Square health-food store that we call “W.F.” Other locations included MoMA, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Opera House, Central Park, Prospect Park, and a Tribeca parking garage. What follows is our twentieth conversation. Here sickness, emptiness, a train delay, and an argument seem to prefigure disaster and the project’s sudden end. But this disaster—much like the two-character Japanese word for “crisis”: the first one meaning “danger,” the second, “opportunity”—offers clarities perhaps best expressed by a Japanese proverb:Luck turns

Wait
Precarious Planet: Ecological Violence in The Age of Stupid
Authors: Lord Catherine Mary
Published: March 2020

Franny Armstrong’s The Age of Stupid is a mosaic structured documentary which explores how human activity may indeed send the planet into ecological breakdown. The fictional and speculative future is conveyed through the dramatic device of a narrator, Pete Postlethwaite, who plays the world’s last archivist. He speaks from 2055, attempting to analyse through the selected documentaries, how humanity caused its own collective suicide. However, the film invites more than a reading that emphasises its politically activist aspects. Rather, through a dialogue with Giorgio Agamben’s concept of ‘bare life’, Walter Benjamin’s ‘Critique of Violence’ (1921) and Jacques Derrida’s critique of this in ‘Force of Law’ (2002), the film can deliver readings which do theoretical work. The dialogue between the film and the classical theoretical texts can offer a way of re-working the applicability of Benjamin’s concepts of ‘mythical’ and ‘divine’ violence and the invocation to which they point. Namely, Benjamin’s suggestion that it is important to declare a ‘state of emergency’ (1940).
“Everywhere Felt and Nowhere Seen”: Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and the “Sovereign Paradox"
Authors: Skibsrud Johanna
Published: March 2020

This paper argues that Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart reflects what Giorgio Agamben refers to as the “sovereign paradox” on two levels: first—as reflected by the subject of the novel—on the juridico-political level, and second, on the level of the language and structure of the novel itself.  The relationship between these two levels is made clear by Agamben, who uses language as the prime example of the “sovereign paradox” implicit to the juridical order.  “Language,” he writes, “is the sovereign who, in a permanent state of exception, declares that there is nothing outside language and that language is always beyond itself” (21).  Obeirika’s words in Things Fall Apart: “There is no story that is not true” (Achebe 14), illustrates this “sovereign paradox” by pointing on the one hand to the omniscient authority of the narrative text, while on the other directly undermining that authority.  I argue that it is by doing away with the binary system of what can and should be considered true and untrue that the reflexive narrative – of which Achebe’s novel is a prime example – positions itself in a “permanent state of exception” (Agamben 21). Things Fall Apart establishes for itself “a zone of indistinction” (Agamben 47) characterized by the very impossibility of arriving at the “truth” as such, or “of distinguishing between outside and inside, nature and exception” (37). A “zone of indistinction” is constructed on a textual as well as a political-historical level by the novel’s transgression of its own narrative borders.
Alternative Narrative Forms, Exposure, and the Limits of Formalized Truth-Telling: Giving Accounts Though New Methods in Indigenous Art
Authors: O'Brien Michelle Siobhan
Published: March 2020

This paper examines how individual truths concerning the atrocities and ruptures in Indigenous history, and ongoing cultural continuity in Indigenous society (despite these occurrences) can be located in current movements in Indigenous artwork. It draws upon both Judith Butler’s work on giving an account of oneself and Foucault’s notion of parrhesia to provide a frame for this engagement, and to argue for innovations in Indigenous art as indicative of methods of giving personal accounts and truth-telling that exceed the containable narratives of formal documentation. Through examining new interventions by Indigenous artists—the performance art work of Anishinaabe Canadian artist Rebecca Belmore, and the multimedia work of Kevin Lee Burton, who is Swampy-Cree—it identifies their works as exemplary of how Indigenous artistic interventions continue to formulate new methods of speaking truth to power grounded in cultural-specific forms of narrating personal truths by incorporating a variety of media and emphasize interactivity in their work. This paper ultimately argues that in the creation of art that shares personal truths and give these accounts while also acknowledging narrative absences and gaps, these artists convey the possibility of Indigenous art to share truths that might not otherwise be acknowledged by official historical record.
Transgender Experience: Place, Ethnicity and Visibility
Authors: O'Connell Grainne
Published: March 2020

Review of Transgender Experience: Place, Ethnicity and Visibility 

Oxford: Routledge, 2014
The Old Ways: A Journey on Foot
Authors: Saunders Helen
Published: March 2020

Review of Robert MacFarlane's The Old Ways
Preface
Authors: Harper Lana Marie
Published: March 2020

Preface
Occupying Time Occupying Space
Authors: De Melo Marcelo José
Published: March 2020

In this article, I focus on the main concerns and influences in my art practice, considering how occupying time has led me to be concerned with time occupying space in sculptural practices. The main ideas discussed here are repetition of material activity and rhizomatic methodology in art.
Failure and the American Writer: A Literary History by Gavin Jones
Authors: Sandison Simon
Published: March 2020

A review of Failure and the American Writer: A Literary History by Gavin Jones, published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press.
Gamer Girl Visibility: Networks and Their Gendered Ingroup Behaviours in Massively Multiplayer Online Roleplaying Games
Authors: Compton ReBecca
Published: March 2020

‘Why can’t I just be a gamer? Why do I have to be a “female gamer”?’ While a generic term for all gamers may be looming on the horizon, there are still aspects of play which draw clear boundaries between male and female gamers. These boundaries, however, are often illusions. In Massively Multiplayer Online Roleplaying Games (MMOs), several networks exist within the game space, and one such network is that of ‘female character’. For male players to gain a part in this network, many gender-bend, and the gender of the character is what determines their actions not the gender of the players themselves. When men use female avatars, they engage in behaviours which they believe are typical feminine acts, (healing, fighting from a distance, etc.) but these are based on false perceptions about gender roles. Gaining access to this network is one which requires constant performance; however, it is a network which is often inhospitable for real-world women.
Bologna and Its Cineteca: Building Trans-cending Networks
Authors: Gelardi Andrea
Published: March 2020

The article analyses the network level strategy of Fondazione Cineteca di Bologna (FCB), namely an Italian world-leading film archive, committed to the restoration of world cinematic heritage. This analysis is conducted by assuming a translocal gaze, so as to point out FCB’s critical actors/agents, identify other connected local actors, outline the nature and the outcome of exchange processes, and thus observe key elements in the evolution of this network. For this purpose, this article proposes a bird-eye view on the history, development of FCB and of its main activities, projects and initiatives. In doing this, I outline the local and the international reach of these activities and how FCB has been able to connect and combine these two dimensions through its network. Therefore, I argue how the international development of FCB’s translocal network is a key element of this foundation’s long-term strategy.
Logged In: Portuguese Transnational Families and Communication Technology
Authors: Rodan Lisa
Published: March 2020

Up to 110,000 Portuguese a year left their homeland in the period following the implementation of Troika austerity measures. The UK was the most popular destination, with a third of arrivals now holding degrees- the highest proportion in Europe and double what it was 10 years earlier. This paper focuses on how the latest generation of transnational families use communication technology and digital networking at a time of swiftly evolving social and technological change. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork with university-educated Portuguese migrants in London aged 23-40, and with their families in Portugal, I will explore how communication technology has shaped their experiences. Employing anthropological concepts of relatedness and personhood, I will focus specifically on the changing nature of transnational living in an increasingly polarised, neoliberal world and what it means to be a Portuguese transnational family in Europe in 2017.
The Relationships between Supply Chain Capability and Shareholder Value Using Financial Performance Indicators
Authors: Hong Seock-Jin , Najmi Hossein , Ojha Divesh
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this paper is to explore which financial performance indicators (FPIs) evaluate the level of supply chain capability (SCC) that explicitly touches all of the business functions and processes within and beyond the company. The authors investigated nine FPIs that were selected from the financial statements of 155 companies within nine industries. The authors find that suitable FPIs to measure SCC for shareholders’ value are return-on-assets (ROA), days-sales-outstanding (DSO), and current ratio (CR). This means that higher ROA, shortened DSO, and an appropriate level of CR could reach a sustainable supply chain. These results will help the industry to avert a major disruption in supply chain processes and activities using suitable financial performance indicators.
Assessment of Water Quality of Brahmani River using Correlation and Regression Analysis
Authors: Nayak Saroj
Published: March 2020

This work evaluates the surface water quality in terms of physico-chemical parameters of the Brahmani River, Odisha using statistical analysis involving the calculation of correlation coefficient and regression equation. Besides this, the work also highlights and draws attention towards the “Water Quality Index” in a simplified format which may be used at large and could represent the reliable picture of water quality. Surface water quality data is taken from OSPCB of various location i.e. Panposh D/S, Rourkela D/S, Rengali, Talcher U/S, Kamalanga D/S, Bhuban, Pattamundai and was assessed for summer, monsoon, winter for the years 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Average of values, minimum of values and maximum of values of water quality parameters were obtained seasonally over the above mentioned years. Besides this, the standard deviation for the water quality parameters was also obtained for water quality parameters namely pH, Temperature, DO, TDS, Alkalinity, EC, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42- and PO42-. Seasonal changes in various physical and chemical parameters were analysed.The values obtained were compared with the guideline values for drinking water by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS). A systematic correlation and regression study is carried out for three seasons, showed linear relationship among different water quality parameters. This provides an easy and rapid method of monitoring water quality. Highly significant (0.8< r <1.0), moderately significant (0.6< r <0.8) and significant (0.5< r <0.6) correlations between the parameters have been worked out. High correlation coefficient has been observed between TDS,EC-Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, SO42- ; Na+- Cl-. From the collected quantities, certain parameters were selected to derive WQI for the variations in water quality of each designated sampling site. WQI of Brahmani River ranged from 36.7 to 44.1 which falls in the range of good quality of water.Panposh D/S and Rourkela D/S showed poor water quality in summer and winter season. It is shown that WQI may be a useful tool for assessing water quality and predicting trend of variation in water quality at differentlocations in the Brahmani River.
Influence of Sexual Violence on Perceived Anxiety among Married Couples in Makurdi Metropolis
Authors: Terwase Joyce Mcivir , Achubu Cyprian Lawrence , Iligh Cyril
Published: March 2020

Many issues in marital relationships often lead to anxiety problems amongst couples, particularly, sexual violence which includes harassment, sexual exploitation, and assault, etc., are behaviors that call for the attention of mental health professionals. The growing cases of marital unhappiness have drawn the researcher’s attention globally and the existing gaps form the rationale for this study. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted while the stratified random and non-probability sampling techniques were used to sample the population and participants for the study. A total of 251 participants took part in the study, while males were 126(50.2%), females were 125(49.8%) with ages ranging from 20years and above. Two instruments were used to collect data; Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) developed by Beck et al. (1988) and Sexual Violence and Physical Abuse (SVPA) Scale developed by Lesserman et al. (1995). Three hypotheses were tested using Multiple Regression Analysis. The result of hypothesis one revealed a significant influence of gender, age and occupation on perceived anxiety,  hypothesis two showed a significant influence of sexual violence on perceived anxiety, while hypothesis three revealed a significant joint influence of gender, age, occupation and sexual violence on perceived anxiety. In conclusion, the three hypotheses were accepted as significantly influencing perceived anxiety amongst married couples in Makurdi Metropolis. Two key recommendations include marital counseling and administering psychological interventions to curb negative behavior.
Osteochondral Fracture of Posterior Aspect of Lateral Femoral Condyle After Lateral Patella Dislocation
Authors: Park Sang-Hoon , Yoo Ju-Hyung , Yoon Han-Kook , Chung Kwangho
Published: March 2020

Case:

A healthy 15-year-old girl presented with osteochondral fracture at the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) associated with a right patellar dislocation after a noncontact injury. The patient remained asymptomatic 18 months after the arthroscopically assisted reduction and internal fixation of the osteochondral fracture using bioabsorbable pins and was able to eventually resume her usual activities of daily living.

Conclusions:

This is the first report of an osteochondral fracture at the posterior aspect of the LFC after an acute patellar dislocation, successfully treated with arthroscopically assisted reduction and internal fixation using bioabsorbable pins. This rare injury and unique mechanism of injury have been discussed.
Intraoperative Ultrasound Provides Dynamic, Real-Time Evaluation of the Spinal Cord and Can Be Useful in Cases of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Signal Changes
Authors: Cao Lisa A. , Skaggs David L. , Gipsman Aaron , Kiehna Erin , Andras Lindsay M.
Published: March 2020

Cases:

We describe 3 pediatric spinal deformity cases that experienced neuromonitoring changes or neurologic changes in which intraoperative ultrasound allowed for evaluation of the site of cord compression to direct management. This resulted in complete neurologic recovery in all 3 patients.

Conclusions:

Intraoperative ultrasound is a useful adjunct in pediatric orthopaedic spine surgery with neuromonitoring signal loss.
Fascial Hernia After Traumatic Tibial Shaft Fractures: A Cause of Chronic Leg Pain
Authors: Gonzalez Leah J. , Johnson Joseph R. , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: March 2020

Case:

This report reviews 2 cases of chronic lower extremity pain after traumatic tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail fixation. After examination and radiographic evaluation, clinical suspicion and pressure manometry were used to identify fascial herniation and indicate patients for fasciotomy, which ultimately relieved pain.

Conclusions:

Lower extremity fascial hernias typically present with nonspecific chronic pain. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to confirm diagnosis. However, in patients with implanted hardware, MRI may be ineffective in detecting hernias because of artifact. Clinical suspicion and pressure manometry are effective ways of identifying patients with this etiology of chronic pain.
ANALISA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA BISNIS UKM BATIK MADURA
Authors: AS Fathor
Published: March 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja bisnis UKM batik Madura. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan lokasi penelitian sentra industri batik di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pemilik UKM batik sebanyak 1.160 unit yang tergabung dalam kelompok sentra industri. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 92 responden. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik sampling proporsional dan teknik simple random sampling. Variabel Penelitian terdiri dari variabel bebas (Sarana dan prasarana (X1), Perlindungan pemerintah (X2), Pembinaan pemerintah (X3), Asosiasi usaha (X4), Kewirausahaan korporasi (X5), Pengembangan produk (X6), System informasi usaha (X7), Strategi pemasaran (X8), Kemitraan usaha (X9)), dan variabel terikat yaitu Kinerja bisnis (Y). Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 1). Variabel sarana dan prasarana berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis, 2). Variabel perlindungan pemerintah berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis, 3). Variabel pembinaan pemerintah berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja bisnis, 4). Variabel asosiasi usaha berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis, 5). Variabel kewirausahaan korporasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis, 6). Variabel pengembangan produk berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis, 7). Variabel system informasi usaha berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis, 8). Variabel strategi pemasaran  berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis, dan 9). Variabel kemitraan usaha berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis.
Evaluation of choroidal thickness, macular thickness, and aqueous flare after cataract surgery in patients with and without diabetes: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Ikegami Yasuko , Takahashi Miyuki , Amino Kana
Published: March 2020

Background: In diabetic eyes, various choroidal abnormalities are noted in addition to changes in the retinal circulation, and the risk of increased aqueous flare and retinal thickening after cataract surgery is higher in diabetic eyes. Inflammation caused by surgery induces breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and affects the retina, although the influence on the choroid is unknown. Several researchers have evaluated the choroidal thickness (CT) after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes; however, the results are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of uneventful small-incision phacoemulsification cataract surgery on the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), the central macular thickness (CMT), and aqueous flare in patients with diabetes.Methods: This study included 59 randomly selected eyes (33 eyes of patients with diabetes and 26 eyes of control patients without diabetes) undergoing small-incision cataract surgery. Among the diabetic eyes, 26 were without diabetic retinopathy, and the remaining eyes had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Aqueous flare, CMT, and SCT measurements were performed before and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. Results: The postoperative CMT continued to increase significantly until 3 months in both groups. Although the CMT was more in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes during the follow-up period, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The aqueous flare value increased until 3 months after surgery in both groups. Although the increase was significant at 3 months after surgery in patients with diabetes, the increase in controls was not significant. The aqueous flare values differed significantly between the two groups before and at 3 months after surgery. There was no significant within-group or between-group difference in pre- and postoperative SCT values. Conclusion: In diabetic eyes with early stage of retinopathy, even small-incision cataract surgery can induce increased aqueous flare and macular thickening until 3 months, although there is no significant change in the choroidal thickness. Further studies are essential to evaluate choroidal changes after the cataract surgery in diabetic eyes.
Inactivation of the T6SS inner membrane protein DotU results in severe attenuation and decreased pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii TH0426
Authors: Song Haichao , Kang Yuanhuan , Qian Aidong , Shan Xiaofeng , Li Ying , Zhang Lei , Zhang Haipeng , Sun Wuwen
Published: March 2020

Background : The inner membrane protein DotU of Aeromonas veronii is an important component of the minimal core conserved membrane proteome required for the formation of an envelope-transmembrane complex. This protein functions in a type VI secretion system (T6SS), and the role of this T6SS during the pathogenic process has not been clearly described.Results : A recombinant A. veronii with a partial disruption of the dotU gene (720 bp of the in-frame sequence) (defined as ∆ dotU ) was constructed by two conjugate exchanges. We found that the mutant ∆ dotU allele can be stably inherited for more than 50 generations. Inactivation of the A. veronii dotU gene resulted in no significant changes in growth or resistance to various environmental changes. However, compared with the wild-type strain colony, the mutant ∆ dotU colony had a rough surface morphology. In addition, the biofilm formation ability of the mutant ∆ dotU was significantly enhanced by 2.1-fold. Conversely, the deletion of the dotU gene resulted in a significant decrease in pathogenicity and infectivity compared to those of the A. veronii wild-type strain.Conclusions : Our findings indicated that the dotU gene was an essential participant in the pathogenicity and invasiveness of A. veronii TH0426, which provides a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of TH0426 and lays the foundation for discovering potential T6SS effectors.
Single Center Experience on Implementation of the Postpartum Intrauterine Device (PPIUD) in Sri Lanka: A Retrospective Study.
Authors: Dasanayake DLW , Patabendige Malitha , Amarasinghe Yamuna
Published: March 2020

Objectives to study the institutionalization of PPIUD services at Teaching Hospital, Mahamodara, Galle (THMG) and to study the feasibility, challenges and barriers for implementation.Results Total of 46,815 deliveries had occurred in the facility during the study period. Out of that 23,117 (49.4%) women had been counseled and 5775 (25.0%) of them were primigravida and 892 (3.9%) were teenage mothers. Total of 14,051 (60.8%) women were interviewed, but only 772 (5.5%) women consented for PPIUD. Consent withdrawal was seen in 29 (3.8 %) cases. A total of 409 community health staff were trained for counseling and follow up. PPIUD uptake was 470 (3.4%) which is comparable to national figures. Follow up data at one year was available from 199 women and spontaneous expulsion had occurred in eight (6.7%) cases with no cases of perforation or failure in terms of pregnancy. This short report gives the impression that PPIUD can be successfully implemented in resource limited settings and this also provides a feedback for the policy makers to take the necessary actions to improve the uptake of this cost effective, safe PPFP method. A routine PPIUD service has been successfully established within a tertiary care maternity setting in Sri Lanka.
Surveillance of genetic markers associated with Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy in Pakistan, 2018-2019
Authors: Khan Abdul Qader , Pernaute-Lau Leyre , Khattak Aamer Ali , Luijcx Sanna , Aydin-Schmidt Berit , Hussain Mubashir , Khan Taj Ali , Mufti Farees Uddin , Morris Ulrika
Published: March 2020

Background: The spread of artemisinin resistance in the Greater Mekong Subregion of Southeast Asia poses a significant threat for current anti-malarial treatment guidelines globally. The aim of this study was to assess the current prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in the four provinces with the highest malaria burden in Pakistan, after introducing artemether-lumefantrine as first line treatment in 2017.Methods: Samples were collected during routine malaria surveillance in Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan between January 2018 and February 2019. P. falciparum infections were confirmed by rapid diagnostic test or microscopy. P. falciparum positive isolates (n = 179) were screened by Sanger sequencing for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P. falciparum kelch 13 (pfk13) propeller domain and in P. falciparum coronin (pfcoronin). SNPs in P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) N86Y, Y184F, D1246Y and P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) K76T were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: No artemisinin resistance associated SNPs were identified in the pfk13 propeller domain or in pfcoronin. The pfmdr1 N86, 184F, D1246 and pfcrt K76 alleles associated with reduced lumefantrine sensitivity were present in 83.8% (150/179), 16.9% (29/172), 100.0% (173/173), and 8.4% (15/179) of all infections, respectively. The chloroquine resistance associated pfcrt 76T allele was present in 98.3% (176/179) of infections.Conclusion: This study provides an update on the current prevalence of molecular markers associated with reduced sensitivity to artemether and/or lumefantrine in P. falciparum, including a first baseline assessment of polymorphisms in pfcoronin. No mutations associated with artemisinin resistance were observed in pfk13 or pfcoronin. However, the prevalence of the pfmdr1 N86 and D1246 alleles, that have been associated with decreased susceptibility to lumefantrine, remain high. Although clinical and molecular data suggest that the current malaria treatment guideline for P. falciparum are presently effective in Pakistan, close monitoring for artemisinin and lumefantrine resistance will be critical to ensure early detection and enhanced containment of emerging ACT resistance spreading across from Southeast Asia.
Complete postnatal care utilizations and its associated factors among women who gave birth in the last 12 months in Ezha district, Southern Ethiopia, 2019 ( Community-based cross-sectional study , compliance with WHO recommendation)
Authors: habte aklilu hailegebireal , Gebiremeskel Feleke , Shewangizaw Misgun , Dessu Samuel , Glagn Mustefa
Published: March 2020

Background: Postnatal care service is preventive care, practices and assessments that are designed to identify and manage complications for both the mother and the newborn within the first six weeks of birth. A clear understanding of factors associated with complete PNC services utilization is important to help in the development and the implementation of evidence-based approaches to increase utilization of PNC services. The aim of the study was to identify the Prevalence of complete postnatal care utilizations and associated factors among women gave birth in the last 12 months in Ezha district, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ezha district. A two stage sampling technique was applied. A total of 568 mothers from ten selected kebeles were included in the study by using computer generated random numbers. Data were collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interview and entered to EpiData3.1 and exported to SPPS version 23. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess wealth status of the participants. Bivariate and Multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed in order to identify the factors significantly associated with Complete post natal care utilization at the level of significance of p value <0.25 with 95% CI of COR and <0.05 with 95% CI of AOR respectively. Results: The prevalence of complete post natal care utilization in the study area was 19.6%. The factors; maternal education of secondary and above [AOR: 4.3; 95%CI: (2.15, 8.05)], having antenatal visits [AOR:3.75; 95%CI:(1.78, 7.92)], Caesarean delivery [AOR:3.96; 95%CI: (1.5,7.94)], having good knowledge on PNC [AOR: 5.31; 95%CI:(2.34,10.05)] and being model house hold [AOR:3.61; 95%CI: (1.97,6.64)] were identified as independent factors for complete postnatal care utilization in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Complete postnatal care service utilization in the study area was low. Strengthening information education and communication on the importance of complying with recommended postnatal care, work on model house hold creation, and increasing number of antenatal care visits are the necessary measures that should be done by concerned bodies to enhance complete postnatal care utilization in the district. Keywords: Postnatal care, complete postnatal care, utilization, district, associated factors.
A Study on Developing Scale for Teacher Perceptions towards Spelling Rules
Authors: TURKEL Ali
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to determine Primary Education and Turkish Language teachers' perceptions regarding the frequency of spelling mistakes which their students make. Therefore, this experimental form made to serve this goal was presented to field specialists in terms of consultation; and each item in the form was regulated to ensure content validity rates in accordance with the feedback provided by the specialists. Items with the validity rate below 0.80 were omitted from the form. The trial form consisting of 34 items was administered to 232 Primary Education and Turkish Language teachers who teach at schools under the jurisdiction of Ministry of National Education (MoNE) via e-mail, and the gathered data were analyzed. With the help of Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA), a four-dimensioned construct with 19 items including frequently made mistakes regarding acronyms, spelling of conjunctions and suffixes, spelling of capital letters, spelling of compound words, and the spelling of the words affected by word formation processes. In the analyses, the relations between the sub-scales of the original scale were taken into consideration, revealing that factors had positive and significant relationships and sub-dimensions were the constituents of the general structure named spelling mistakes, which made up the upper structure. Goodness of fit indices (GFI) of the model was detected to be quite high. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) administered to the second research group justified the EFA results. The internal consistency coefficient, calculated as .91, for the entire scale was found to be quite reliable.
CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Leviashvili J. G. , Savenkova N. D. , Gorkina O. K. , Pavlov P. V. , Zaharova M. L. , Breusenko D. V.
Published: March 2020

The article provides literature data and description of the clinical case of CHARGE syndrome with an autosomal – dominant type of inheritance in a child of 3 years and 7 months. The name of the syndrome is formed by the first letters of the characteristic congenital malformations: “C” (coloboma) – optic disc coloboma, “H” (heart defects) – cardiovascular abnormalities, “A” (atresia of choanae) – atresia or stenosis of choan, “R” (retardation of growth and development) – growth deficit, developmental delay, “G” (genital anomalies) – genital anomalies, “E” (ear abnormalities and sensorineural hearing loss) – hearing organ abnormalities. A feature of the clinical case is the early diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome, manifested by bilateral optic disc coloboma; unilateral paresis of the facial nerve; congenital heart disease (open aortic duct); retardation of growth, psychomotor and psycho-speech development; cryptorchidism; bilateral anomaly of the outer ear (short, wide, absence of the lobe and external curl), sensorineural hearing loss; bilateral renal hypopalasia, chronic kidney disease.
Integrated approach of follow-up observation of children under 3 years old born with very low and extremely low body weight
Authors: Mironova A. К. , Pykov M. I. , Vatolin K. V. , Osmanov I. M.
Published: March 2020

Annually more than 15 million children are born prematurely in the world. The clinical case illustrates the importance of an integrated approach for follow-up observation of children from 0 to 36 months old, born with very low and extremely low body weight. We studied the effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Center for children born with very low and extremely low body weight on the basis of a large multidisciplinary Bashlyaeva children’s hospital in Moscow 2012–2018. This center is necessary for a comprehensive assessment of the health status of children born with very low and extremely low body weight, as well as for the dynamic and timely diagnostics and the application of optimal treatment of revealed pathological changes. The development of differentiated programs for medical examination and rehabilitation of this group of children should include an optimal protocol of dynamic monitoring. It will reduce both the rate of incidence and disability, and improve the quality of life and social adaptation of children.
Metabolic markers and oxidative stress in children’s obesity pathogenesis
Authors: Povarova O. V. , Gorodetskaya E. A. , Kalenikova E. I. , Medvedev O. S.
Published: March 2020

The article presents a modern view of obesity as a chronic inflammation of adipose tissue. Obesity is accompanied by metabolic changes in lipid, protein, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism and disorders in the hormonal function of adipose tissue as an endo- and paracrine organ. At the moment, there are searched the biochemical markers of metabolic disorders of obesity. The obesity-related factors (hyperglycemia, increased lipid levels, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hyperleptinemia, endothelial dysfunction, impaired respiratory function of mitochondria, minerals and microelements deficiency) form and increase oxidative stress making it an integral component of the pathogenesis of obesity and possible complications. Given the important role of Q10 coenzyme in antioxidant tissue protection, the authors discuss the relationship of obesity and metabolic disorders to the endogenous levels of Q10 coenzyme and its possible use for pharmacological correction.
Clinical manifestations of infectious mononucleosis in primary or reactivated herpes virus infection
Authors: Demina O. I. , Chebotareva T. A. , Mazankova L. N. , Tetova V. B. , Uchaeva O. N.
Published: March 2020

Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic literature, the article presents the features of infectious mononucleosis caused by the main pathogens from the Herpesviridae family, course of the disease at various phases of the infectious process. The article identifies clinical and laboratory manifestations characteristic of each pathogen. The authors discuss the issues related to the lack of the unified terminology for describing chronic herpes virus infection. The article discusses the causes of persistent herpes virus infections, risk factors for the adverse course and outcome of herpes virus infections.
The impact of iron deficiency correction in pregnant women on the perinatal period and children’s health status
Authors: Balashova E. A. , Mazur L. I. , Tezikov Yu. V. , Lipatov I. S.
Published: March 2020

Purpose. To identify the effects of gestational iron deficiency anemia after treatment with iron-containing drugs  during the perinatal period on the health status of full-term children during their 1st year of life.

Patients and methods.The authors carried out a prospective observational cohort study of full-term infants of I & II health group from their birth to twelve months. The course of pregnancy and labor was analyzed retrospectively. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein were measured in the six and twelve months old children and their mothers in 6 months after giving birth. We examined 140 couples of mother-child with gestational anemia (Group 1) and 166 couples without anemia during pregnancy (Group 2) in 6 months after giving birth, and in 12 months – 103 and 131 couples respectively. All women with iron deficiency anemia (Group 1) received therapy during pregnancy.

Results. Gestational anemia is associated with threatened miscarriage (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.496; 95% CI 2.013–6.072), chronic placental insufficiency (OR 1.907; 95% CI 1.025–3.548), delivery by cesarean section (OR 2.729; 95% CI 1.651–4.502), increased infectious morbidity in pregnant women (OR 1.079; 95% CI 1.025–3.548) and insufficient lactation (OR 1.990; 95% CI 1.209– 3.277). Treated anemia during pregnancy is not associated with low birth weight and low weight of 6 and 12 months old children. 8.6% of 6 months old children suffered from iron deficiency anemia, which is two times lower than in the group without anemia (p=0.007). The frequency of iron deficiency anemia did not differ in 12 months old children (р=0.543).

Conclusion: Iron supplementation reduces the negative impact of anemia on child’s health, including anthropometric indicators, iron stores, and risk of infectious diseases. The indirect effect is maintained through the adverse course of the perinatal period and the low duration of lactation.
Dysmetabolic nephropathy in children with hereditary connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Yurieva E. A. , Dlin V. V. , Vozdvizhenskaya E. S. , Sukhorukov V. S. , Semyachkina A. N. , Kharabadze M. N.
Published: March 2020

Nephropathy is a common associated pathology with hereditary connective tissue dysplasia

Purpose. To determine clinical and laboratory signs of renal pathology in the conditions of persisting hypoxic syndrome and anatomic abnormalities of the urinary system with hereditary connective tissue dysplasia syndromes in children

Characteristics of children and research methods. We examined 36 children with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and 10 children with Marfan syndrome to reveal signs of metabolic disorders in the blood and urine.

Results. All children revealed abnormalities of the urinary system. In addition, children with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome demonstrated an increase in certain signs of dysmetabolic nephropathy when growing older: an increased content of parathyroid hormone in the blood, which inactivation and elimination is normally provided by the kidneys. Hypermicroproteinuria with a high content of microelements in proteins, increased excretion of medium molecules, lipid hydroperoxides, glycosaminoglycans, a decrease in antioxidant defense and crystal formation inhibitors are the characteristic signs of dysmetabolic nephropathy.

Conclusion. Children with hereditary connective tissue dysplasia syndromes have a risk of developing nephropathy with signs characteristic of dysmetabolic nephropathy, requiring dynamic monitoring by a nephrologist.
Research of the level of erythropoietin and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha in the blood of children and adolescents with anemia at stage C1–5 of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Leonteva E. V. , Savenkova N. D.
Published: March 2020

Purpose. To examine the indicators of iron deficiency, the levels of hemoglobin, erythropoietin, hypoxia-induced factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the blood of children with anemia and chronic kidney disease C1-5 prior to the dialysis and on its background, receiving and not receiving iron preparations and erythropoietin-stimulating drugs to establish the role of HIF-1α in the regulation of erythropoietin synthesis and erythropoiesis.

Results. The patients (n=80) with anemia and chronic kidney disease were divided into 3 groups: Group 1: 32 patients with chronic kidney disease C1-5 prior to the dialysis, not receiving therapy; Group 2: 18 patients with chronic kidney disease C2-5 prior to the dialysis, receiving iron-containing preparations and erythropoietin-stimulating drugs; Group 3: 30 patients with chronic kidney disease C3-5 on dialysis, receiving iron preparations and erythropoietin-stimulating drugs. Group 1: we found the increased levels of erythropoietin (28.65 ± 3.66 MIU/ml) and HIF-1α (0.089 ± 0.011 ng/ml; p=0.014 and p=0.005, respectively); Group 2: 63.01 ± 14.84 mIU/ml and 0.138 ± 0.025 ng/ml; p=0.0088 and p=0.005, respectively). Group 3: we found the increased level of HIF-1α (0.098 ± 0.01 ng/ml; p=0.005).

Conclusion. An increase in concentration of HIF-1α in children with anemia and chronic kidney disease C1-5 prior and on dialysis receiving and not receiving therapy with iron-containing drugs and erythropoietin-stimulating agents confirms the role of HIF-1α in the regulation of erythropoietin and erythropoiesis synthesis in anemia.
The influence of financial inclusion on banks’ performance and risk: new evidence from MENAP
Authors: Shihadeh Fadi
Published: March 2020

This study seeks to investigate the relationship between financial inclusion factors and banks’ performance and risk among MENAP countries. The sample includes 271 banks located in 24 countries in the region that are interconnected, and micro- and macro-variables that affect the performance and risk levels of these banks. The results indicate that enhancing the level of financial inclusion in the region can increase banks’ performance and decrease their risk. They also point out where these banks could benefit more from financial inclusion in terms of reducing their risks. Future research may include investigating financial inclusion tools to explore the relationship between financial inclusion and banks’ performance and risk in developing countries. More research can be conducted on each MEANP country to analyze their characteristics and the influence of financial inclusion on bank performance and risk. In addition, future research should be conducted to study the relationship between regulations, rules and financial inclusion across countries and economies.
Acknowledgment The author is thankful to Prof. Xiuhua Wang, Bo Liu, and Yipeng Wang for their comments and suggestions to improve this paper. The author discloses that funding for the writing of this paper comes from the TAAWON research fund.
Evolution of water supplies in the Hellenic world focusing on water treatment and modern parallels
Authors: Angelakis A. N. , Voudouris K. S. , Tchobanoglous G.
Published: March 2020

Advanced, well organized, and operated urban water supply systems existed in Greece from the Bronze Age (ca. 3200–1100 BC). At the dawn of human history, surface water and groundwater, principally springs, were the most common water supply sources. As the population grew, periodic water shortages occurred. In Early Minoan times (ca. 3200–2100 BC), these water shortages led to the development of sophisticated hydraulic structures for importing water and for the harvesting and storage of rainwater. In addition, the water treatment technologies and water distribution techniques developed at that time served as the basis for the advanced technological progress in the development of the urban water supply systems in the centuries that followed. In this paper, an overview of the evolution of public water supplies and water treatment technologies in the Hellenic world through the centuries up to modern times is presented. Some of the most significant innovations in the provision of water, its treatment, and distribution are highlighted. The overview is followed by a discussion of the contemporary situation, emerging trends, and future challenges, and parallels are drawn between historical developments and the water supply problems faced today.
An Efficient 4X4 Mesh Structure with a Combination of Two NoC Router Architecture
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Khare Kavita , Shandilya Smita
Published: March 2020

Background:

Systems-on-chips (SoCs) used by smart phones processor manufacturing
companies such as Intel, Microsoft, Texas Samsung, etc, is an essential part of any mobile device.
“Network-on-Chip” is used to integrate huge numbers of Intellectual Property (IP) blocks on a
single Integrated Chip (IC). Different network topologies may be used in an NoC network, but
mesh topology is widely used. In a conventional mesh structure, a defined router is implemented
at every node in the structure. After analyzing various parameters such as delay, power, area of
conventional mesh topology, we learned that it can be refined further. In this paper, a new 4x4
mesh topology structure is proposed, in which a combination of two different NoC router
architecture is implemented in a single 4x4 mesh structure.

Methods:

Proposed 4x4 mesh structure consists of one conventional router and a new proposed
router which is designed in such a way that it can only transfer its input data into two output
channel. To achieve this component of the router such as Crossbar switch, buffer units of each
channel are changed. This new proposed router Architecture model is simulated in Xilinx ISE 9.2i
with targeted device Virtex4.

Results & Conclusion:

Based on comparative analysis with the conventional router, there is a
significant 17.24 % reduction in the area of proposed 4X4 mesh structure as compared to conventional
4X4 Mesh architecture. Further, the same analysis was also performed for 8x8, 16x16, and
32x32 mesh structures.