bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ideas I. El periodo programático y sus insuficiencias teóricas
Authors: Álvarez Falcón Luis
Published: February 2021

La investigación propuesta tratará de contextualizar las insuficiencias teóricas de la fenomenología “clásica” antes de su despliegue genético. Ideen I aparecerá como la culminación de un periodo programático. La estructura de correlación, la naturaleza de la reducción trascendental, la necesidad de aunar la reducción fenomenológica y la reducción eidéti-ca, y la proliferación indiscriminada de metábasis de todo tipo, serán indicadores de la exigencia de una fenomenología “no-clásica”. La disociación entre Intencionalidad y Eidética nos mostrará la necesidad de una “ampliación” de la fenomenología en forma de una arquitectónica de niveles, ya anunciada en los textos, pero más allá del lema programático: A los textos mismos.Our investigation will seek to contextualize the theoretical inadequacies of "classical" phenomenology before its genetic deployment took place. Edmund Husserl’s Ideen I will signify the culmination of a programmatic period. The correlation structure, the nature of transcendental reduction, the need to make phenomenological and eidetic reductions coalesce and the indiscriminate proliferation of all kinds of metabasis all are indicators of the need for a "non-classical" phenomenology. The dis-sociation between Intentionality and Eidetics will show the need for an "extension" of phenomenology into architectural levels−already announced in the texts−but beyond the pro-grammatic slogan: To the texts themselves.
La noción de ego trascendental en "Ideas I" e "Ideas II"
Authors: Marosan Bence
Published: February 2021

“Pero la cuestión que quiero plantear es la siguiente: ¿no es suficiente con tener este yo psíquico y psicofísico? ¿Necesitamos añadirle un yo trascendental, como una estructura de la conciencia absoluta?” Sartre planteó esta cuestión en su célebre ensayo La trascendencia del ego (2004: p.3). Ella enuncia la concepción básica de la fenomenología no-egológica, la cual no niega la existencia misma del ego o del sujeto, sino más bien lo concibe como un ser constituido y mundano, como trascendente respecto del ámbito de la conciencia. En la presente ponencia me gustaría mostrar por qué la fenomenología no puede prescindir de la noción del ego trascendental. Con tal propósito, consideraré de cerca la noción husserliana del “yo puro” del primer y del segundo libro de Ideas (1913) y, a grandes rasgos, el concepto general que Husserl se hace sobre el yo “fenomenológico” y “yo trascendental”. Tal concepto se puede encontrar en los manuscritos de este periodo, así como en algunos textos más tardíos. Intentaré demostrar que la noción husserliana del ego trascendental propia de este periodo podría articularse como una respuesta satisfactoria o al menos plausible, al desafío no-egológico con el que se ve confrontada la fenomenología egológica de Husserl.“But the question I would like to raise is the following: is this psychical and psycho-physical me not sufficient? Do we need to add to it a transcendental I, as a structure of absolute consciousness?” – Sartre raised this question in his famous essay, The transcen-dence of the ego (2004: 3). This is the basic conception of non-egological phenomenology, which latter does not deny the very existence of ego or subject, but regards it as a constituted, worldly being, something which is transcendent concerning the domain of consciousness. In this lecture I would like to demonstrate the thesis, why phenomenology cannot get along without the concept of a transcendental ego. I will have a closer look on Husserl’s notion of “pure I” in the first and second book of Ideas (1913), and more generally on Husserl’s overall concept of “phenomenological” or “transcendental I” that could be found in the manuscripts of this period and little after. I will try to show that Husserl’s conception of transcendental ego that one could find in this period could be articulated as successful or at least plausible answer to the non-egological challenge of Husserl’s egological phenomenology.
La indiscreta presencia de sí. La génesis de las habitualidades y el problema de la reflexión en Husserl
Authors: Menéndez Roberto C.F.
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar la cuestión de las habitualidades en la fenomenología de Husserl para pensar la génesis de la reflexión en nuestro mundo actual. En un primer momento, y principalmente a partir de libros primero y segundo de las Ideas relativas a una fenomenología pura y una filosofía fenomenológica, se revisarán el concepto de yo en Husserl en dos de sus dimensiones principa-les: el yo como polo idéntico de las vivencias y el yo como substrato de las habitualidades. Después realizaremos un análisis sobre la génesis de las habitualidades y su repercusión en el concepto de yo puro. Por último se ejemplificará esta cuestión en el caso de la reflexión, especialmente en el caso de una posible génesis negativa de la reflexión en forma de reflexi-vidad ritual o hiperreflexividad. Con ello se quiere establecer una línea de conexión entre la subjetividad trascendental y nuestro mundo concreto, así como entre la fenomenología y la psicopatología.The aim of this work is to present the question regarding to the habitualities in Husserl´s Phenomenology in order to think the genesis of reflection in our present world. In a first stage, and specially acording to the first and second book of Ideas [...] the concept of "I" will be considered in its two main dimen-sions: the I as identical pole of the lived-experiences and the "I" as substratum of habitualities. Afterwards, I will perfom an analysis on the genesis of the habitualities and its consecuences in the in the concept of pure I. In the last part this question will be ejemplied though the case of reflection in the form of a Ritual Reflectivity or Hypereflectivity. Whitin I would like to suggest the link conection be-tween the trascendental subjectivity and our concrete world, and the phenomenology and psychopathology relationship as well.
La diferencia entre epojé y reducción a partir de la revisión de "Ideas I"
Authors: San Martín Javier
Published: February 2021

Mi objetivo es dar algunas orientaciones sobre las revisiones que Husserl hizo de la epojé que había expuesto en las Ideas I. Este objetivo se enmarca en dos proyectos básicos, primero, la necesidad de hacer una lectura teleológica de Husserl; y, segundo, reivindicar lo que ahora se llama el “nuevo” Husserl. Para ello me centraré en algunas correcciones significativas introducidas por Husserl en Ideas I en los años 20, pero sobre todo en ciertos textos, algunos inéditos en 1972 cuando escribí mi tesis de doctorado, pero ahora publicados. Me centraré especialmente en tres, dos de Erste Philosophie II, y otro de Hua XXXIV. Todo ello sirve como homenaje a Antonio Zirión por la traducción del tomo III de Husserliana (Hua III 1 y 2) que ha puesto a nuestro alcance en castellano.The aim of this paper is to provide a guide on the revisions Husserl made about the Epoché such as it was exposed in Ideas I. This goal falls into two basic projects, first, the need for a teleological reading of Husserl, and second, the claim of the now called “new” Husserl. To do this I will focus on some significant corrections made by Husserl in Ideas I in the twenties, but especially in certain texts, some unpublished in 1972 when I wrote my dissertation, but now published. I will focus especially on three, two of Erste Philosophie II, and other now published in Hua XXXIV. All this serves as a tribute to Antonio Zirión for the translation of Volume III of Husserliana (Hua III, 1 and 2) that he has recently published in Spanish.
La idea trascendental del hombre: reflexiones antropológicas desde las "Ideas" de 1913
Authors: Venebra Muñoz Marcela
Published: February 2021

Este artículo explora tanto las dificultades como las posibilidades de la idea de una antropología filosófica de base o fundamento fenomenológico. Toma como punto de partida los aspectos críticos que, desde un punto de vista externo a la propia fenomenología, se oponen a la posibilidad u opacan la necesidad trascendental de la antropología filosófica; y se propone como meta la exposición de aquellos elementos que, desde el punto de vista antropológico, son fundamentales para comprender las motivaciones de la emergencia de este ‘problema antropológico’ en el contexto de la fenomenología trascendental.This paper explores the problems as well as the feasability about the idea of a philosophical anthropology with a phenomenological basis. Its starting point is the critical issues that, from an external point of view to phenomenology itself, preclude the possibility or tran-scendental necessity of a philosophical anthropology. The objective is to disclose those elements that from an anthropological point of view are fundamental to understanding the motives of the emergence of this 'anthropological problem' within the context of transcendental phenomenology
All immigrants are not alike: Intersectionality matters in views of immigrant groups
Authors: Savaş Özge , Greenwood Ronni M. , Blankenship Benjamin T. , Stewart Abigail J. , Deaux Kay
Published: February 2021

In two studies, we investigated how intersecting social categories shape views of immigrants in the United States. In Study 1, we analyzed 310 attributes generated by 92 participants for the category of immigrant and 30 additional immigrant groups with intersecting social categories (e.g. “undocumented immigrant”) reflecting various levels of social status. Using the Meaning Extraction Method (MEM) and factor analysis to examine shared meanings, we identified five factors; further comparative analyses of immigrant groups focused on the first two factors (Vulnerable vs. Hardworking, Drain vs. Asset). The importance of legal status for judgments on these two factors was evident in comparisons of the generic immigrant with four specific legal intersections. An examination of all 31 groups of immigrants showed that higher status groups were perceived as Hardworking (less Vulnerable) and high national Assets (low Drain), while lower status groups varied in Vulnerability perceptions but were generally thought to be Drains on the nation rather than Assets. In Study 2, 270 participants evaluated intersectional immigrant social categories that differed in combinations of higher status (privileged) and lower status (marginalized) social group memberships, using scales based on the terms identified by the factors in Study 1. Participants rated immigrant groups with two privileged statuses as less vulnerable and more likely to be an asset to the nation than immigrant groups with two marginalized or mixed statuses. The utility of a bottom-up intersectional approach to assess stereotype content of immigrant groups is discussed.
Platelet-Rich Fibrin Used as a Scaffold in Pulp Regeneration: Case Series
Authors: ÇİMEN Ceren , ŞEN Selin , ŞENAY Elif , BEZGİN Tuğba
Published: February 2021

Regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) is a biologically based treatment approach to provide root development and increase the prognosis of teeth. The purpose of this case series was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of RET using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), in 4 immature teeth with necrotic pulps. At the end of 18-24-month follow-up, no clinical symptoms were recorded. Apical closure was observed in 3 of the 4 teeth. All of the preoperative periapical lesions were healed. However, a calcified tissue formed in the middle third of the root in one case diagnosed with chronic apical periodontitis at 3-month follow-up. PRF was successful as a scaffold and can be recommended for revascularization protocol of necrotic immature teeth. However, prognosis of tooth can be attributed to many factors such as duration of pulp necrosis, pretreatment status of the periapical region and viability of living tissues.
Rational quartic spectrahedra
Authors: Helsø Martin , Ranestad Kristian
Published: February 2021

Rational quartic spectrahedra in $3$-space are semialgebraic convex subsets in $\mathbb{R} ^3$ of semidefinite, real symmetric $(4 \times 4)$-matrices, whose boundary admits a rational parameterization. The Zariski closure in $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P} ^3$ of the boundary of a rational spectrahedron is a rational complex symmetroid. We give necessary conditions on the configurations of singularities of the corresponding real symmetroids in $\mathbb{R} \mathbb{P} ^3$ of rational quartic spectrahedra. We provide an almost exhaustive list of examples realizing the configurations, and conjecture that the missing example does not occur.
Randers Ricci soliton homogeneous nilmanifolds
Authors: Salimi Moghaddam Hamid Reza
Published: February 2021

Let $F$ be a left-invariant Randers metric on a simply connected nilpotent Lie group $N$, induced by a left-invariant Riemannian metric $\hat{\boldsymbol{a}}$ and a vector field $X$ which is $I_{\hat{\boldsymbol{a}}}(M)$-invariant. We show that if the Ricci flow equation has a unique solution then, $(N,F)$ is a Ricci soliton if and only if $(N,F)$ is a semialgebraic Ricci soliton.
L’HISTOIRE DE LA CIGOGNE REVISITÉE
Authors: Côté Isabel , Lavoie Kévin
Published: February 2021

Depuis 2002, la concrétisation d’un projet parental par procréation assistée par autrui en contexte privé est une avenue possible et reconnue au Québec. Un couple lesbien peut ainsi procéder en dehors du système médical en ayant recours à un don de sperme d’un homme qui acceptera d’agir comme donneur, sans que ce dernier soit reconnu légalement comme un père. Dans un tel contexte, l’annonce aux enfants de l’identité de l’homme à l’origine de leur conception soulève des défis particuliers. Cet article restitue des données qualitatives obtenues dans le cadre d’une étude longitudinale menée auprès de quatorze familles québécoises, dix de mères lesbiennes et quatre de donneurs, à propos de ce point tournant de leurs trajectoires familiales. Les résultats montrent que les adultes concernés déploient différentes stratégies de divulgation, lesquelles varient en termes de proactivité. Ils doivent aussi s’entendre sur l’information à transmettre et faire face aux enjeux relationnels soulevés par l’annonce. La compréhension des enfants des liens biologiques qui les unissent au donneur ne semble pas, du point de vue des adultes concernés, créer des attentes particulières. Les enfants témoignent d’une certaine curiosité, mais sans que cela vienne avec des impératifs d’implication plus soutenue du donneur dans leur vie.
Humberto López Morales. La Celestina. Con introducción y notas. Madrid: Cupsa Editorial, 1976
Authors: Selmeider J. F.
Published: February 2021

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Un cuarto de siglo de interés en La Celestina (1949-75): documento bibliográfico. Suplemento primero
Authors: Snow Joseph T. , Schneider Jane , Lee Cecilia C.
Published: February 2021

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Calisto & Melebea: A Bibliography
Authors: Geritz Albert J.
Published: February 2021

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Brilliant Performance of La Celestina at El Chamizal (March, 1980)
Authors: Hesse Everett
Published: February 2021

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La Celestina: documento bibliográfico. Octavo suplemento
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

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Three Celestinesque Figures of Colonial Spanish Latin American Literature
Authors: Greer Johnson Julie
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Una Celestina romana y francesa
Authors: Joset Jacques
Published: February 2021

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COVID-19: a new deep learning computer-aided model for classification
Authors: Elzeki Omar M. , Shams Mahmoud , Sarhan Shahenda , Abd Elfattah Mohamed , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: February 2021

Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is one of the most feasible diagnosis modalities for early detection of the infection of COVID-19 viruses, which is classified as a pandemic according to the World Health Organization (WHO) report in December 2019. COVID-19 is a rapid natural mutual virus that belongs to the coronavirus family. CXR scans are one of the vital tools to early detect COVID-19 to monitor further and control its virus spread. Classification of COVID-19 aims to detect whether a subject is infected or not. In this article, a model is proposed for analyzing and evaluating grayscale CXR images called Chest X-Ray COVID Network (CXRVN) based on three different COVID-19 X-Ray datasets. The proposed CXRVN model is a lightweight architecture that depends on a single fully connected layer representing the essential features and thus reducing the total memory usage and processing time verse pre-trained models and others. The CXRVN adopts two optimizers: mini-batch gradient descent and Adam optimizer, and the model has almost the same performance. Besides, CXRVN accepts CXR images in grayscale that are a perfect image representation for CXR and consume less memory storage and processing time. Hence, CXRVN can analyze the CXR image with high accuracy in a few milliseconds. The consequences of the learning process focus on decision making using a scoring function called SoftMax that leads to high rate true-positive classification. The CXRVN model is trained using three different datasets and compared to the pre-trained models: GoogleNet, ResNet and AlexNet, using the fine-tuning and transfer learning technologies for the evaluation process. To verify the effectiveness of the CXRVN model, it was evaluated in terms of the well-known performance measures such as precision, sensitivity, F1-score and accuracy. The evaluation results based on sensitivity, precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score demonstrated that, after GAN augmentation, the accuracy reached 96.7% in experiment 2 (Dataset-2) for two classes and 93.07% in experiment-3 (Dataset-3) for three classes, while the average accuracy of the proposed CXRVN model is 94.5%.
Correlation of Placental Growth Factor with Pre-Eclampsia during Mid Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Control Study at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Pakistan
Authors: Memon Khalid Yousuf , Ujjan Ikram Din , Yousuf Nailla , Ala Syed Hasan , Rustamani Shabnam , Shaikh Fozia , Chang Abid Hussain , Mahrukh Suha
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Pre-Eclampsia (PE) is the common multisystem disorder which complicates the pregnancies 3-8% and a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Aim: To determine the correlation of placental growth factor with PE in mid trimester of pregnancy at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. Materials and Methods: This Case-Control study was performed at Pathology Department with Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro/Hyderabad, during 12 months, from 6th February, 2017 to 5th February 2018. Pregnant women with mid trimester were enrolled in the study. Group A included females with PE, while Group B were normotensive females of same gestation. Their blood sample were collected and stored at -80°. Level of placental growth factor was measured on Elecsys system. Data was analysed via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Total 384 PE females were selected and 50 females without hypertension were studied as control. Mean age of patients was 27.46±3.91 years. No significant variance was seen between mean of gestational age of patients and normal pregnant females; p-value 0.346. Mean of placental growth factor was insignificantly decreased 35.21±31.68 pg/mL among patients in contrast to normal women as 47.23±56.13 pg/mL, p=0.081. A negative correlation was found between blood pressure and placental growth factor, r-values -0.004 and -0.001, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that serum placental growth factor was the poor marker for PE, as it showed weak negative correlation with PE.
Risk Stratification of Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours by Histopathological and Immunuhistochemical Analysis
Authors: Rao Prathima Shivaji , Manjunath Manikya
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the alimentary canal. Interstitial cells of Cajal are believed to be the cell of origin of GIST which regulates gastrointestinal peristalsis. GISTs encompass a clinicopathologically distinctive, but heterogenous group of neoplasms with reference to their origin, cellular differentiation and prognosis. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of GIST. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 108 cases of GIST were studied over a period of three years from January, 2017 to December, 2019 in Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Institute (VIMS&RC), Bangalore. Patient’s demographic data like age and gender were collected. Tumour characteristics like site, size and number of lesions were analysed. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry for Desmin, CD117 and DOG-1 were analysed for significant association with risk groups. Risk stratification according to the Fletcher's risk classification, the cases were divided was divided into very low, low, intermediate and high risk groups. The master chart of collected data was prepared in Excel sheet. Chi-square test with Yates correction was used to calculate p-value to ascertain statistical significance. The master chart of collected data was prepared in Excel sheet. Descriptive statistical analysis was presented in the form of tables, figures and diagrams wherever necessary using Epi info 07 statistical software package. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.6±14.4 years. Males (55.6%/60 cases) were commonly affected than females (44.4%/48 cases). Small intestine was the commonest location (44.4%/48 cases). Tumour size ranged from 1.5 cm to 25 cm with a mean of 9.1 cm. Microscopic findings revealed that spindle cell type was the most common (86.1%/93 cases). Majority of the cases belonged to high risk category. Multifocality, necrosis, tumour size and >5 mitosis/50 High Power Field (HPF) showed significant association with high risk category tumours (p-value 0.033, 0.016, 0.004 and <0.001, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for CD 117 (83.3%/90 cases), DOG-1 (88.9%/96 cases) and 108 cases/100% negativity for desmin. Conclusion: This study found significant association of high risk groups with tumour size, multifocality, necrosis and mitosis >5/50 HPF. Risk categorisation of GIST remains important. A combination of CD117 and DOG-1 will be more useful in diagnosing GIST rather than using them alone.
Optimisation of the Method of Stem Cells Mediated Tissue Remodelling in Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Al-Baradie Raid Saleem
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Incomplete, slow or limited wound healing is one of the major disabling events accompanying diabetic patients. At the present time, there is no effective treatments which enable efficient wound healing in diabetic patients. Aim: To optimise the method of loading of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) with S-Allyl Cysteine (SAC) from aged garlic extract and invitro optimisation of the delivery process, attachment and optimisation of stem cells and loaded stem cells to the fibroin matrix in induction of wound recovery completion in a model of diabetic wound healing. Materials and Methods: It was a preclinical invitro model which employed the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties of fibroin matrix after populating them with drug-loaded human MSCs. This combination allowed slow and sustained release of the active substance into the wound and with the stem cells, promoted tissue remodelling thereby, inducing enhanced wound recovery in diabetic model. Results: Mixture of SAC and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) was most effective. S-Allyl Mercaptocysteine (SAMC) protected angiogenesis and showed tube formation in the presence of advanced glycation end-products. Protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis-Propidium Iodide (PI) staining shows protective effects of the cysteine compounds particularly SAC and SAMC. Conclusion: Present study results provide possibilities of utilising tissue-engineered fibroin matrix with drug loaded human MSC as a potential therapeutic technique, due to its beneficial effects in terms of cell attachment and bioactive factor loading, for diabetic wound healing.
Gender and Household’s Spending on Education: An Empirical Evidence
Authors: Beg Mirza Nazrana , Bhat G. M.
Published: February 2021

This paper examines whether the household's spending on education based on gender exhibits pro-boy bias or not. The study examines two potential mechanisms through which the gender-based difference in education spending can situate itself. Firstly, the association of gender with the enrolment of children in schools is tested. Secondly, the difference in expenditure on education of children, conditional on enrolling them in schools, is examined. The study used multiple regression analysis and chi-square test to achieve its objectives. The data for the study was collected through a structured interview schedule. The data for the study was collected at individual level. The results of the analysis reveal that, on the whole, gender has no association with the school enrolment. The study found that the annual household expenditure on boys is 7.35% higher than on girls.
SWOT Analysis of Farmers’ Perceptions on Farmer Producer Companies: A Study in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Lakshmi S. B. Ramya , Jaya G. , Gummagolmath K. C.
Published: February 2021

The present study was conducted in the state of Maharashtra with an objective to analyze the farmers’ perceptions on Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) in the state of Maharashtra. Member farmers were selected as sample respondents for the study. The results of the present study revealed that after association with producer company, there has been an improvement in the yields as stated by 96.66 per cent of the farmers under category I, 82.73 per cent of the farmers in category II and 77.50 per cent of the farmers under category III. It was also observed that there was an improvement in the quality of the produce and a majority of the farmers were happy with the price for their produce received after joining FPCs. It was also interesting to note that the problems faced by the farmers were different in all the three categories of FPCs. However, the common problem faced by the farmers in category II and III was manipulation of quotas and quality specifications by some of the companies. The SWOT analysis revealed that the major strengths identified by the farmers were more or less same in the selected FPCs like provision of inputs and production services, higher yields due to better management, minimizing the prices risk and better bargaining for small holders. The adoption of new production technology was a common weakness and pro-government policy was an important opportunity of all the producer companies as perceived by the farmers. The common threats to the producer companies of all categories include problem of sustaining long term operations, cut throat competition among companies, social and cultural constraints.
Assessment of Spleen Stiffness for Prediction of Varices in Patients with Hepatitis C Related Cirrhosis Using Transient Elastography
Authors: El-Toukhy Naglaa El-Toukhy Ramadan , Hassanien Sharaf Elsayed Ali , Metwaly Ramy A. , Khalil Medhat A. , Abdulaziz Badawy A.
Published: February 2021

Background and Study Aims: Portal hypertension is one of the most important complications of liver cirrhosis. The prevalence of varices among cirrhotic patients is variable. Therefore, endoscopic screening of all patients with liver cirrhosis would result in a large number of unnecessary additional burdens to endoscopic units. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of spleen stiffness measured by transient elastography (Fibroscan) for prediction of the presence of varices in patients with hepatitis C related cirrhosis.

Patients and Methods: The study was carried out on 100 patients with HCV-induced cirrhosis and were divided into 2 groups according to presence or absence of varices by Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy: Group I: patients with HCV-induced cirrhosis with varices; Group II: patients with HCV-induced cirrhosis without varices. Clinical and laboratory parameters, andominal ultrasonography, Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and transient elastography to assess the liver and spleen stiffness were carried out to all studied persons.

Results: Spleen stiffness had significant diagnostic value to differentiate between cirrhotic patients with varices and cirrhotic patients without varices , it had significant diagnostic value in presence of esophageal varices at cut-off (≥46.4 K Pascal) the sensitivity for detection of esophageal varices was 93%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 80%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%; accuracy was 95% and area under the curve was 0.98 denoting that spleen stiffness is a good predictor of esophageal varices.

Conclusion: Spleen stiffness was considered as an excellent predictor of esophageal varices and better than liver stiffness in prediction of esophageal varices presence and had significant diagnostic value to differentiate between the patients with varices and patients without varices at cut off (≥46.4 K Pascal) and it may have a role in variceal grading.
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) for Sustainable Production of Sprouting Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planck)
Authors: Lal Bankey , Dubey A. K. , Shukla I. N. , Dixit Saurabh , Yadav Mahendra Kumar , Singh Vipul Pratap , Kumar Satyendra
Published: February 2021

The investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Station, Kalyanpur, C. S. A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to find out the effect of different levels of inorganic and organic fertilizers with the combination of biofertilizers on the sustainable production of sprouting broccoli. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Results revealed that application of Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Azotobacter gave a significant effect on yield and yield attributing characters viz., days to first curd initiation, days to 50% curd initiation, stalk diameter, stalk length, curd diameter, curd length, curd width, days to curd maturity, weight of curd with guard leaves, weight of curd without guard leaves, weight of curd after 24 hours at room storage and curd yield as compared to other treatments.
Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Potential of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Diodia sarmentosa on High Fat Fed Wistar Rats
Authors: Ndubuisi Ezejiofor Tobias I. , Chinedumije Korie Stephen , Chukwudi Peter
Published: February 2021

Diodia sarmentosa (Sw) commonly known as Zimbabwe flora or Tropical button weed is a straggling or procumbent perennial herb which grows in evergreen forest, riverine vegetation and bush land. It has been used traditionally for the treatment of ulcer, diabetes and other ailments. This study investigated the Free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Diodia sarmentosa on high fat fed wistar rats. Thirty (30) male wistar rats (150 g-200 g) were divided into five (5) groups: Negative control rats, Positive control rats, Low dose extract rats treated with 250 mg/kg, High dose extract rats treated with 500mg/kg of the extract, and Standard antihyperlipidaemic drug rats treated with 5 mg/kg of Simvastatin. High fat diet was fed to the rats with Ghee and Coconut oil in the ratio of 3:1 for six (6) weeks, and administration of the treatments started from the 3rd week till the 6th week. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant potentials of Diodia sarmentosa was determined by assessing parameters like nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical, malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the serum of the test rats. Diodia sarmentosa scavenged free radicals In vitro by inhibiting Nitric oxide and Hydroxyl radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, showing an inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) of 907.17 µg/ml ± 45.36 and 2173.44 µg/ml ± 100.11 respectively. Results obtained showed antioxidant enzymes like SOD, GPx and CAT in the serum of the test rats were significantly increased (p<0.05) by both doses of the extract when compared to the PC group and was similar to the standard drug used. GST activity was decreased in the serum by both doses of the extract, this decrease was not significant (p>0.05), while Malondialdehyde level was significantly decreased (p<0.05) by both doses of the extract in the serum of the tests rats. Diodia sarmentosa has antioxidants potentials because of its ability to scavenge free radicals, replenish antioxidant enzymes and reduce lipid peroxidation.
Knowledge Attitude and Preventive Practices towards Infection by Severe Respiratory Syndrome-CoV-2 among Residents of Kogi State during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ibrahim Rabiu , Kabir Zubair Ovavi , Yahaya Isah Adagiri , Itopa Ododo Benard , Yakubu Abdulsalam , Abdullahi Ajayi Onimisi
Published: February 2021

Background: Global spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic constitute a public health threat requiring strict infection prevention practice for every individual in the community. Control measures have been prescribed to check the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Whether populations in these communities adhere optimally to these control measures depends on a number of factors. This study aimed to assess health knowledge and attitude, and preventive practices regarding Infection by SARS-Cov-2 among residents of Kogi State during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Kogi State. Using the authors’ internal connections with the Kogi residents, 865 residents were recruited into the study via simple random sampling method. The data were collected by an online questionnaire designed by Google form which was adapted from a study in China. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 at various levels with p value at < 0.05.

Results: Among 865 questionnaires sent out, 639 were filled completely and returned given a respondent rate of 73.9%. Of the 12 questions on knowledge, the mean overall correct answers was 9.9 given overall correct rate of the participants’ knowledge of 82.5%. 88.4% of the respondents had confidence that Nigeria can win the battle against COVID-19. Just about 52.6% of the participants wore masks when going out in recent days. In multiple binary logistic regression analyses, there was significant statistical association between the COVID-19 knowledge score, and a lower likelihood of negative attitudes (OR: 0.87-3.98, P<0.001) and preventive practices towards COVID-19(OR: 0.53-0.67, P<0.001).

Conclusion: Health education training to improving COVID-19 knowledge is needed for Kogi residents to have optimistic attitudes and maintain appropriate preventive practices.
Factors Associated with Alcoholic Drink Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Capital City in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Rodrigues Osely Valéria , Oliveira Antônio Carlos , Marques Filipe Augusto Alves , Maia Úrsula Melo de Souza , Farias Edson Santos
Published: February 2021

Aims: To analyze the prevalence of alcohol consumption and associated factors in people living in Porto Velho - RO. Sample: 712 individuals.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methodology: Cross-sectional study conducted between August 2019 and July 2020, with the application of a questionnaire, adapted to verify the consumption of alcoholic beverages in a sample of 712 individuals aged 18 years or older that reside at the city of Porto Velho - RO.

Results: The prevalence of consumption was 48% (95% CI 44.4 - 51.7). The number of doses consumed per event was 4 standard doses (95% CI 4.0 - 5.0). The prevalence ratios (PR) observed were:i.sex, PR = 0.714 (95% CI 0.614 - 0.831 [P<.001]); ii.age, PR = 0.758 (95% CI 0.671 - 0.858 [P<.001]). iii.marital status, PR = 1.287 (95% CI 1.082 - 1.531 [P<.005]); iv.income, PR = 1.299 (95% CI 1.120 - 1.507 [P = .001]); and v.use of other substances, PR = 1.385 (95% CI 1.168 - 1.644 [P<.001]).

Conclusion: Sex, age, marital status, income and use of other drugs showed a significant association with alcohol consumption. Sex and age showed a negative association, while marital status, income and use of other substances showed a positive association with alcohol consumption.
Effect of Fertilizers on Nutrient Content and Uptake of Aromatic Local Transplant Aman Rice Varieties in Acid Soil
Authors: Mousomi Kamrun Nahar , Miah Mohammad Noor Hossain , Kashem Md. Abul , Miah Imtiaz
Published: February 2021

A pot experiment was conducted at the experimental net house of the Department of Soil Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh to observe the effect of fertilizers on yield and nutrient uptake of local aromatic rice varieties during the Aman season of 2015. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Five local aromatic rice varieties (Kalizira: V1, Muktasail: V2, Nagrasail: V3, Maloti: V4 and Chinigura: V5) and four packages of fertilizers (F1:  Recommended package i.e. 45-10-20-10-0.5 kg ha-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn, F2: 2/3rd of recommended package, F3: 1/3rd of recommended package, and F4: Control) were used. Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and ZnSO4 were used as N, P, K, S and Zn source, respectively. According to the treatment, all fertilizers were applied as basal during final pot preparation while urea was applied in two equal splits (one half as basal and another half at 40 DAT). Nutrient content and uptake of the aromatic rice varieties were significantly affected by the application of different fertilizer packages (with few exceptions). Mostly Kalizira (1.10-0.44-2.31-0.67-13.75 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) and/or Nagrasail (1.15-0.46-2.70-0.62-11.74 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) varieties showed the highest nutrient uptake in grain and straw with recommended package of fertilizers. While in maximum cases Chinigura (0.41-0.16-0.76-0.197-3.17 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) was observed to have the lowest with control treatment. In case of post harvest soil nutrient analyses, Kalizira and/or Chinigura variety associated with recommended package of fertilizers showed the highest nutrient status.
Interoperable and Distributed Processing in GIS to Sustain the Development of Local Authorities in Mali
Authors: Forokoro Koné , Maïga Mouneri , Maïga Mohamed S.
Published: February 2021

Since 1992, implement decentralization reformin Mali has made it possible to empower  populations in their own development planning. Resources distribution to local authorities requires detailed information of the constraints and the assets linked to their development. Data collected on  rural area are often poorly defined, redundant or incomplete and inefficiencies for sharing due to a lack of applied standard tools. The information is too descriptive and it is difficult to extract useful one for decision making process. There is inadequate information upon which to base resource allocation decisions. The purpose of this paper is to define data that can be collected on rural municipalities or localities and handled by GIS to make information available for decision-makers, planners and beneficiaries. The data used from Malian poverty survey performed in 2001-2002 focused on the satisfaction of basic household needs. This concept is based on meeting those who lack access to basic living needs, which generally include clean water, sanitation, nutrition, primary health services, and basic education. The method used the platform of "MapGIS IGS, IIS6, Windows Server 2003, ASP.NET and MS SQL Server 2000" to develop an application GIS Web Service. Data are integrated and published as services by the platform. The product output have been tested successfully on the intranet of Wuhan Zondy Cyber in the term of interoperability and extraction of the information needed. With this tool, each local authority can be a potential collector of his own data and participates to update the database. The Web Services model of the GIS systems described provides to users, services and data they need, without having to install, learn, or pay for any unused functionalities. The extension of this standardization in all ECOWAS countries would be a great advantage regarding the sharing of geographic information between countries.
Dopamine and the phosphorylated dopamine transporter are increased in the diacylglycerol kinase η‐knockout mouse brain
Authors: Asami Maho , Suzuki Yuji , Sakane Fumio
Published: February 2021

The molecular mechanisms generating the mania‐like abnormal behaviors caused by diacylglycerol (DG) kinase (DGK) η deficiency remain unclear. Here, we found that DGKη knockout markedly increased dopamine (DA) levels in the midbrain (DA‐producing region, 2.8‐fold) and cerebral cortex (DA projection region, 1.2‐fold). Moreover, DGKη deficiency significantly augmented phosphorylated DA transporter (DAT) levels (1.4‐fold increase), which induce DA efflux to the synaptic cleft, in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C‐β, which is activated by DG and involved in DAT phosphorylation, were also increased. DAT expressed in Neuro‐2a cells recruited DGKη to the plasma membrane and colocalized with it. These results strongly suggest that dopaminergic hyperfunction caused by DGKη deficiency in the brain leads to mania‐like behaviors.
Dynamic Softening Mechanism and an Improved Unified Constitutive Model for an Al–Cu–Mn–Fe–Zr Alloy during Warm Deformation
Authors: Wang Jun-Quan , Lin Yong-Cheng , Qiu Yu-Liang , Zhu Jiang-Shan , Zhu Xu-Hao , Xiao Yi-Wei
Published: February 2021

Deformation behavior of an Al–Cu–Mn–Fe–Zr alloy is investigated by plane strain compression tests at a warm deformation region. The flow stress first increases and then keeps steady, and the flow stress increases with reducing temperature or raising strain rate. However, the influence of strain rate on flow stress is weak at 100 and 150 °C. The dynamic recovery (DRV) mechanism is the dominant mechanism to balance the work hardening, and a larger number of dislocations are consumed at low strain rates. So, the deformed grains are difficult to reach the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization (DRX). When the strain rate is relatively high, the critical strain can be reached in a short time, which promotes the process of DRX. In addition, an improved unified constitutive model is built based on the evolution of dislocation density. The predicted flow stresses are in a close agreement with the measured results, proving that the built model can nicely reproduce the flow behavior.
Acid‐Promoted Expeditious Syntheses of Aminated Dibenzosultams via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperatively Catalysed C−H Amination/Arylation
Authors: Zhao Shen , Han Shibo , Du Guopeng , Zhang Daopeng , Liu Hui , Li Xinjin , Dong Yunhui , Sun Feng‐Gang
Published: February 2021

Herein we reported a protocol to access aminated benzofused sultams through sequential ortho‐amination, followed by ipso‐arylation of aryl iodide bearing sulfonamide functional group via palladium/norbornene coorperative catalysis. This reaction has showcased a broad spectrum of substrate scope under mild conditions with moderate to good efficiency.

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Reconfigurable Mechanical Anisotropy in Self‐Assembled Magnetic Superstructures
Authors: Håkonsen Verner , Singh Gurvinder , De Toro José A. , Normile Peter S. , Wahlström Erik , He Jianying , Zhang Zhiliang
Published: February 2021

Enhancement of mechanical properties in self‐assembled superstructures of magnetic nanoparticles is a new emerging aspect of their remarkable collective behavior. However, how magnetic interactions modulate mechanical properties is, to date, not fully understood. Through a comprehensive Monte Carlo investigation, this study demonstrates how the mechanical properties of self‐assembled magnetic nanocubes can be controlled intrinsically by the nanoparticle magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MA), as well as by the superstructure shape anisotropy, without any need for changes in structural design (i.e., nanoparticle size, shape, and packing arrangement). A low MA‐to‐dipolar energy ratio, as found in iron oxide and permalloy systems, favors isotropic mechanical superstructure stabilization, whereas a high ratio yields magnetically blocked nanoparticle macrospins which can give rise to metastable superferromagnetism, as expected in cobalt ferrite simple cubic supercrystals. Such full parallel alignment of the particle moments is shown to induce mechanical anisotropy, where the superior high‐strength axis can be remotely reconfigured by means of an applied magnetic field. The new concepts developed here pave the way for the experimental realization of smart magneto‐micromechanical systems (based, e.g., on the permanent super‐magnetostriction effect illustrated here) and inspire new design rules for applied functional materials.
Nanoprobes‐Assisted Multichannel NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Resection and Photothermal Ablation of Lymph Nodes
Authors: Fan Xiaoxiao , Li Yirun , Feng Zhe , Chen Guoqiao , Zhou Jing , He Mubin , Wu Lan , Li Shengliang , Qian Jun , Lin Hui
Published: February 2021

Lymph node metastasis is a major metastatic route of cancer and significantly influences the prognosis of cancer patients. Radical lymphadenectomy is crucial for a successful surgery. However, iatrogenic normal organ injury during lymphadenectomy is a troublesome complication. Here, this paper reports a kind of organic nanoprobes (IDSe‐IC2F nanoparticles (NPs)) with excellent second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence and photothermal properties. IDSe‐IC2F NPs can effectively label lymph nodes and helped achieve high‐contrast lymphatic imaging. More importantly, by jointly using IDSe‐IC2F nanoparticles and other kinds of nanoparticles with different excitation/emission properties, a multichannel NIR‐II fluorescence imaging modality and imaging‐guided lymphadenectomy is proposed. With the help of this navigation system, the iatrogenic injury can be largely avoided. In addition, NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided photothermal treatment (“hot” strategy) can ablate those metastatic lymph nodes which are difficult to deal with during resection (“cold” strategy). Nanoprobes‐assisted and multichannel NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided “cold” and “hot” treatment strategy provides a general new basis for the future precision surgery.