bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First (1895) and the Second (1903) Venezuelan Crises: a Comparative Analysis of Geopolitical Consequences
Authors: Shacillo Vyacheslav
Published: April 2022

The article presents a comparative analysis of the geopolitical consequences of two international crises in Latin America in the end of 19th — the beginning of the 20th century. The first Venezuelan crisis caused by a territorial dispute between Venezuela and the British Empire, worsened also relations between Washington and London. The government of the USA considered that the territorial claims of Great Britain to one of the Latin American countries threatened the vital interests of the United States and were in contradiction with the principles of the Monroe doctrine. Based on such considerations, the White House demanded the convening of an international tribunal to resolve this territorial dispute. The British government originally refused to accept the American proposal, and then, under the pressure of international circumstances, agreed to arbitration and actually recognized the Monroe doctrine. Afterwards, the process of rapprochement between the two countries began. During the Second Venezuelan crisis, caused by the financial demands of a number of European countries to the Venezuelan government, the main opponent of the United States was the German Empire, which also did not recognize the Monroe doctrine and tried to strengthen its financial and military positions in Latin America. The German-American confrontation in Venezuela seriously worsened relations between Washington and Berlin and led to a closer Anglo-American cooperation. Thus, both crises changed the geopolitical situation not only in Latin America, but also worldwide.
Rus’ “From Frank’s Origin”: the Isolated Ethnogenetic Motif of Byzantine Historiography
Authors: Schavelev Aleksey
Published: April 2022

The paper presents an attempt of analysis of an isolated ethnogenetic motif of the Byzantine historiography: that the Rus were descendants of the Franks. This motif is present in three texts: in the the Chronography of Theophanes Continuatus, The Chronicle of Pseudo-Symeon, and in one copy of the second edition of the Chronicle of Symeon the Magister and Logothete. According to the treatise De administrando imperio by emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, representatives of the imperial family of the Roman Empire could marry only representatives of the noble kins of the Franks. Therefore, the only possible explanation of the appearance of the idea that the Rus had a prestige decadence from the Franks in Byzantine historical and political thought is an attempt to justify the marriage of the sister of the ruling Byzantine emperors Anna Porphyrogenita with the “archon” of the “northern barbarians” Vladimir Svaytoslavich. The logic of the inventors of this ethnogenetic construction is transparent: if the people of Rus descended from the Franks, Vladimir was also a descendant of the Franks and so could marry a Roman princess, Anna Porphyrogenita, in accordance with the “political testament” of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. This idea could have the greatest relevance only after the marriage of Vladimir and Anna between c. 987 and 990, and until the death of Anna in 1011/1012. The possible dates for the compilation of the three codices at our disposal, which contain the texts with this motif, don’t contradict with this time period, but, on the contrary, correspond to it optimally.
Historical Memory in the Transition to Democracy: the Experience of the USSR and Spain
Authors: Grantseva Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

The Spanish and Russian history of the 20th century includes the experience of civil war, mass emigration, changes of intellectual elites, tragic pages associated with repression and terror. Spain in the 1970s and the USSR in the 1980s with a difference of ten years embarked on a large-scale social and political transformation, the goal of which was the transition to democracy. The revitalization of the socio-cultural sphere and the complex interaction with the “difficult past” became an integral part of the political transit of the two countries. The use of comparative analysis allows us to identify the similarities and differences in the attitudes concerning the past, to determine the specifics of approaches to the formation of memory politics, as well as to study the features of “conflicts of memory”. For the Spaniards, the civil war of 1936—1939 and the Franco dictatorship were central to the formation of the memory of the past. As for the Soviet “difficult past”, here the researchers call the Great Patriotic War and mass repressions the “main traumas”. The Spanish and Soviet experience of interacting with the “difficult past” in the context of the transition to democracy demonstrates to us fundamentally different models due to the specifics of the historical stages preceding the transition, specific historical, political and social tasks solved during the transition period, the interest of political forces in matters of interaction with past. The main component of the Spanish model is the “pact of oblivion”, the choice in favor of building the future without solving the problems of the past. The basis of the Soviet model was the policy of glasnost. At the same time, a consensus on the future in the USSR was not formed, for its formation there were neither forces nor conditions.
Are Roman Land Surveying Methods Possible in the Heracles Peninsula in Ancient Crimea?
Authors: Gvozdeva Inna
Published: April 2022

The topic of this paper is an organisation of land space in the Heracles peninsula. There’s a preserved unique monument of the ancient agrarian structure there: the land surveying of chora of Tauric Chersonesos in the Heracles peninsula. Within Soviet/Russian historiography there is tradition of study of the local land surveying of the hellenistic period. There is much less monuments from the Roman time on the chora of Chersonesos. The author of this article was an participant of MSU archaeological expeditions in Heraklea in the 1970s and 1980s. The purpose of this paper is an analysis of research studies that were devoted to the land surveying of Heraclea in the Roman period. In historiography, there is a practical approach to the issue of the Greek surveying ortogonality, without revealing its theoretical principles. The author of the paper expounds the Roman theory of spatial organisation and considers possibilities of its usage in the land surveying of Chersonesos. The method of the work is grounded on the author’s own translation of Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum and the reconstrustion of Roman orthogonality in land surveying — limitatio. The conclusions of the articles are based on theory and practice of Roman land surveying. Indeed, in the late Roman period, one used in provincial land surveying not only the orthogonal principles, but also sometimes simple methods which date back to the archaic period of Roman land surveying; they were applicable to defining of the borders of cattle farms and were based on the demarcation according to the features of terrains.
On the Legend of Eshil-Dzhami Mosque in Bakhchisarai
Authors: Khrapunov Nikita
Published: April 2022

First time in scholarship, this paper has analysed the legend developing around the mosque called Eshil-Dzhami in Bakhchisarai, which is documented by the late eighteenth and nineteenth century travelogues. According to the legend, soon after the unification of the Crimea with Russia soldiers or Cossacks killed mullah of this mosque, thus making it desecrated, and the shrine was desolated. Since no testimony for the authenticity of this story survived, it probably expressed Crimean Tatars’ collective trauma because of the liquidation of the Crimean khanate rather than some historical episode. The story under analysis is an example of urban legends which appeared in Bakhchisarai in the Russian period. Folk tales developed around the monument, which history had been forgotten, and the travellers amended and popularised them. Later on, the legend of Eshil-Dzhami was used by anti-Russian propaganda in the periods of aggravation of relations between Russia and the West.
Reception of Crimea in Byzantine Sources (the Case of Toponymics)
Authors: Kuzenkov Pavel
Published: April 2022

The article traces the history of the names of the Crimean peninsula and its main regions in the Greek-language literature of the Byzantine period, from late Antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages (4th — 15th centuries). During this thousand-year period, the political and ethnic history of Crimea was characterized by large-scale transformations, accompanied by significant changes in the ethno-population structure of both mountainous and lowland populations. Nevertheless, Byzantine sources demonstrate a persistent desire to archaize and artificially “stabilize” the Crimean realities by describing them within the framework of the classical antique ethnogeographic nomenclature (Taurica, Scythia, etc.). The reflection of the actual linguistic usus in Byzantine time is typical, with rare exceptions, only for written monuments of the so called middle style, and even then mainly during the period of cultural decline of the “dark ages” (8th — 9th centuries).
Italic Bronze Statuette of the 5th — 3rd Centuries BC from the Late Sarmatian Burial in the Lower Don Area (on the Statuettes in the Burials of Eurasian Nomads of the First Centuries AD)
Authors: Treister Мikhail
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the attribution of a bronze statuette of a naked man with a rounded object in a raised right hand, found in the Late Sarmatian female burial of Valovyy-I burial-ground, dating not earlier than the second half of the 2nd century AD, in the vicinity of ancient Tanais in the Lower Don region. This is the only reliable case I know of a find of a bronze figurine in the burials of the early nomads of Eurasia, in which imported anthropomorphic figurines are extremely rare. The analysis of the statuette has shown that, contrary to the opinion of the publishers, it has nothing to do with the items of bronze plastic of the Greek Hellenistic or Roman imperial circle. In the absence of exact analogies, the greatest closeness to it is found by Italic figurines of the 5th — 3rd centuries BC. How the figurine in question could found its way into the Late Sarmatian burial on the Lower Don — a question that is not easy to give a definite answer. We can only point out that among the various bronze and silver statuettes found in the sanctuary on the Gurzuf Pass in the mountainous Crimea, one is attributed by us as Italic and dates from the Hellenistic period. The handicraft repair of the figure from the Valovyy-I burial-ground, which is not characteristic for the Greco-Roman metalwork, gives reason to believe that it could exist in a nomadic milieu for a long time. An attempt is made to interpret the fact of a find not just imported, but very ancient at the time of burial (at least 500 years), object in a nomadic burial, to explain this phenomenon and to determine the function of the statuette by the nomads.
Publicity as the Marker of Political Processes in English Society in the Middle of the 15th Century
Authors: Zolotov Vsevolod
Published: April 2022

A dichotomy of government and society in the exploration of the State’s transition from Medieval to Ētat modern opens new opportunities to understand the Kingdom of England’s history on the eve of the early modern period. On the one hand, gentry remained its importance under unstable political authority, arbitrariness and lawlessness from country’s nobility. On the other hand, political evolution of power was determined by growing role of king’s prerogative. The development of ideas about the function of serving the authority was reflected in a number of anonymous tractates of that time and isolated events. Government used a figure of wise and righteous monarch against the background of serious political-military failures of the 30s in Hundred Years' War. One of the tractate states that the King and his Council assumed the burden of service and responsibility in difficult time for the kingdom with minimal focus on commons. The other one of that time has the phenomenon of publicity filled with nostalgia, represented through discourses of historic memory. An anonymous author from the king’s inner circle describes an alternative of country’s political course of Anglo-French opposition. The author calls for the restoration of kingdom’s past glory as strong military Power, above all, at sea, rather than the war on the mainland. He brings back the reader images of famous monarchs, where sea power guaranteed prosperity of the realm and its subjects. An understanding of a new place and the role of England in the last phase of Hundred Years' War, somehow, that favoured public interests and expectations, is formed. An understanding of monarch’s duty and responsibility underwent significant changes in anonymous tractate of the late 40s. The ruler must promote well-being and prosperity of his nationals, know their needs and requirements, listen for their opinion, which is the wisdom and justice of the monarch. Dialogue between government and society developed by participants’ demands of Jack Cade rebellion. King cannot be above the law and commons are always ready to support him. England’s socio-political processes of that time are characterized by the increase of publicity, strengthening of authority’s representation. Nevertheless, keeping faith with the figure of wise and righteous monarch, the patron and protector of his subjects could not stop impending socio-political crisis of the second part of the century.
The Triumph of Peace: International Congresses and European Society in the Time of Courts and Alliances
Authors: Ivonina Liudmila
Published: April 2022

The formation of the first state system in Europe took place from the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, as a result of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), to the Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt-Baden (1714) Congresses which finished the end of the war of the Spanish Succession.  The legal fixation of the Westphallian system was accompanied by its public perception and acceptance. First of all, this was demonstrated by International Congresses, which were not only a common negotiation process, but also a place of representation of the significance and culture of each state. In fact, the European Congress was a carefully designed triumph of peace within the continent, which required considerable funds, was widely covered in the press and glorified in celebrations, paintings, the release of commemorative medals, poetry and even fashion. The article presents the most striking examples of the analysis of the representation forms of Peace Congresses. The author believes that negotiations between states and the conclusion of peace made a significant contribution to the civilization heritage of Europe. The factor of transition from war to peace was the strongest stimulus for the transformation of the government structure in line with the monopolization of power, the development of trade, the banking system, productive forces and culture, which changed people's attitude to their own personality and environment. The publicity of International Congresses can also be considered as incentive for the development of the Law of Nations and as an act of humanitarian diplomacy. Peace Congresses were designed to minimize the heavy legacy of military conflicts in the historical memory.
Jews and Carolingians — Cooperation, Publicity, Slave Trade and Administrative Resource
Authors: Ivanov Alexey
Published: April 2022

The prohibitions on the possession of Christian slaves, adopted at the beginning of the 5th century, squeezed Jews out of the industrial sphere of activity, i.e. from agriculture and handicrafts, to trade and financial and economic services, previously not very revered in the Jewish environment. Since the trade of that period was predominantly the slave trade, Jews became the main slave traders of the early Middle Ages. The texts of sources of the 5th-7th centuries indicate that during this period of time Jewish merchants were not public and hid under Greek pseudonyms — Anthony, Vasily, Priscus. The Saxon Wars of Charlemagne, which began in 770, became manna from heaven for Jews - they gained access to the almost unlimited demographic resource of the pagans, whose sale in slavery was not limited to the Catholic Church. By gifts of Asian luxury items at the beginning of the 9th century Jews were able to significantly strengthen their position in the French court. In 825, Jews received official bulls from Louis the Pious on permission to sell foreign slaves (mancipia peregrina) to countries located “below our empire” (infra imperium nostrum). Here, for the first time, we see elements of publicity — the judgments contain the names of Rabbi Donatus and Samuel (most likely from Paris), David and Joseph from Lyon and Abram from Saragossa. From the letters of Bishop Agobard of Lyons for the period 826-828 follows that these permissions were not purely declarative — in the event of conflicts between Jewish slave traders and the local administration, a “Master of Jewish Affairs” (Iudęorum magister) arrived and settled the situation. In conclusion, we comment on the economy of the Elba-Cordoba slave trade route and give a brief overview of the Jewish slave trade of the 9—11th centuries.
Representation of Power in German Common Press of the Thirty Years War (1618—1648)
Authors: Lazareva Arina
Published: April 2022

The paper address the problem of representation of power in the Holy Roman Empire and its development under the impact of the Thirty Years' War (1618—1648). The power, be it imperial, princely or just the power of some lower governor, was an important topic of the common press of the Thirty Years' War.  The main issue of public political discourse was the image of imperial power. Emperor’s claims, that his monarchical power was of different kind that the power of the rulers of other countries lay in core of any conception of the emperor’s place and role in public space. This idea was mirrored most clear in popular pictorial prints, which were common in Early Modern Germany and contained text and graving icon. It is in them that the idea of imperial power was visualized and presented in the form understandable for wide audience. The visualization of power in the popular pictorial prints provides recent scholars with numerous opportunities to reveal the characteristic features of the conception of supreme power, developed under the influence of the largest cataclysm of the Early Modern period — the Thirty Years' War. The “German War”, as contemporaries called it, highlighted the most important issues of the internal structure of the Empire and the different aspects of the relationship between the emperor and the estates were discussed widely in press. Commonly, more often the emperor’s power was represented by allegorical images or symbols. Most of them testified that the ideas of the functions of power gradually became more inclusive under the influence of the war. The main innovation in the conception of “power” was the emphasized appeal to the problem of ensuring the subject’s safety.
At the Origins of the Masonic Phenomenon: Freemasons in the English State of 15th — 17th Centuries
Authors: Kiyasov Sergej
Published: April 2022

The author considers the crisis events of medieval craft structures in England. The focus of his attention is the modernization of guilds and liveried companies of masons-builders. The analysis was carried out using special sources and scientific literature. This allowed us to draw a number of important conclusions. It is noted that the crisis processes observed in the economy of England of the 15—17th Centuries had a decisive influence on the evolution of the guild institution. These structures, in particular, construction guilds received the status of liveried companies. Subsequently, the craft Masonry of England was transformed into an enlightenment community. The study showed that his ideology provided for the allegorical use of building craft symbols. In particular, members of the Royal Society in London are named the project’s inspirers. Its main goal is the “construction” of a new society, religion and the formation of a new man. The author also emphasizes that the phenomenon of new Masonry should not be associated with the activities of a secret organization. In his opinion, the initial stage in the history of the Masonry in England should be associated with the influence of the Freemasonry of Scotland. However, at the beginning of the 18th Century, the intellectual elite of England managed to seize the initiative. The intellectual elite was the first to establish the work of the transnational structures of the new Masonic movement.
The French Court Historical Writing as a Form of Manifestation of the Royal Power (Late 16th — First Half of 17th Century)
Authors: Terentieva Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

The present paper argues that the French historical writing in the late sixteenth and in the first half of the seventeenth century became a form of manifestation of the French royal power. The integrated scientific approach chosen in this research permits the author to draw several new conclusions concerning the multiplicity of forms of publicity of the French absolute monarchy. Three main aspects are in question: the institutional (or socio-political) one, the aspect of publishing specific in early modern Europe, and the substantial aspect of the historical discourse of the epoch. The existence of the court office of the royal historiographer (historiographe du roi) itself was a form of manifestation of the French royal power as it symbolized the special assignment of historical knowledge to the crown. Another visible form of manifestation of the French royal power connected with the historical writing of the epoch was the form of existence of works consecrated to historical subjects, i.e. the peculiarities of design of the editions of historical writings. Finally, the subject area of historical works in question were also related to the manifestation of the strengthening absolute monarchy. The court historical writing in early modern France evolved in tight connection with the erudite intellectual movement. Thus, however diverse the erudite movement had been, its massive current was deeply connected with the crown and its different ambitions — from uniting territories and gaining fidelity of its subjects to glorifying the French kings and controlling all the spheres of political and cultural life in the kingdom.
The Concept of “Office” in Early Stuart England
Authors: Palamarchuk Anastasia
Published: April 2022

The paper analyzes specific issues in perception of “office” — one of the most socially and politically important concepts in Early Stuart England. There were three general patterns of representation of “office”. The first pattern, defined as “ciceronian”, traces back to Cicero’s “De Officiis”; the second pattern, defined as “isidorian”, traces its origins to Isidore of Seville’s “Ethimologies”; finally, the third pattern can be defined as administrative-legal, or jurisdictional. In Early Stuart political, legal and historical writing on subjects touching “office”, traditional medieval definitions and rhetoric were still in use; nevertheless, its internal content and meanings were getting new interpretations due to the development of public sphere in the Early Stuart State.
Representation of Authority Over Ireland in the John Lynch’s “Cambrensis Eversus” (1662)
Authors: Tishunin Evgenii
Published: April 2022

The paper analyzes the forms of representation of authority over Ireland in John Lynch’s “Cambrensis Eversus” (1662). In polemic with Gerald of Wales and the English/British tradition of representation of Ireland, Lynch constructed his own view on history of Ireland and authority over this land. The first level of representation is the authority of ancient Irish kings. In this sense Lynch emphasized the contract between Irish kings and people. Moreover, Lynch modernized the image of power of ancient Irish kings, using the terms and concepts of early modern intellectual discourse. The second level is the papal authority and in this case Lynch denied any claims of Rome. The third level are the issues of legitimacy and values of authority of Anglo-Norman and Old English. In Lynch’s view, English kings before Stuarts haven’t had enough loyalty from Irish people. And the last level is Stuart’s authority over Ireland. On this level Lynch synthesized the discourse practices of other levels to construct the legitimacy of restored dynasty and to prove loyalty of whole Irish people without ethnic and confessional divisions.
Law, Royal Power, and Chapter 29 of the Magna Carta in Two Juridical Readings in the Middle Temple
Authors: Kondratiev Sergey
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the content of readings delivered in the Middle Temple by two practicing lawyers Robert Snagge (1581) and Francis Ashley (1616). It describes there was a reception of the Magna Carta in England at the end of the 16th — beginning of the 17th century. Its individual provisions have expanded at times by interpretation; certain ideas have developed about the legal system, in which the limits of power are clearly outlined, and where the Magna Carta and its chapter 29 manifest and protect the liberties of subjects. But the actions of the Magna Carta and its 29 articles were both fundamental and framework in nature. And this frame turned out to be quite mobile, depending on the political situation, optics, argumentation and interpretation. We can even talk about generational dependence, because some generations were inclined to radically push the boundaries of individual provisions of the Magna Carta update them, introduce new meanings into them, while others put up with their narrowing, or did not pay attention to them.
Printing as a Factor in the Evolution of Political Institutions in the Early Modern Europe
Authors: Pitulko Galina
Published: April 2022

The article deals with complex processes which took place in Europe in the field of printing in early modern times. The author analyzes the situation in England and other states during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. It is concluded that each European country has its own special features not only in the organization of the printing business itself, but also in the sphere of relations between government institutions and the publishing community. The history of publishing in England very clearly shows how the printed book influenced not only the spiritual, but also the political processes that took place in the country over several centuries. In connection with the study of the traditions of British printing and the reading circle of the educated Englishman of the Early Modern Age, the most important source for us is the manuscript catalog of the Fairfax family library, kept in the Archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History. English intellectuals Fairfax stood out primarily as the owners of the largest private book collection in England in the 17th century. And their library was, strictly speaking, a certain attribute of political elitism.  Wallenrodts, who belonged to the Prussian nobility of the Brandenburg principality, proceeded from the idea of the social significance of their own book collection, and already during Ernst von Wallenrodt's lifetime bequeathed the collection to the University of Konigsberg. The author comes to the conclusion about the important role of the national press, acting as a consolidating ethnopolitical element in the course of such a formation of a new configuration of states of the Westphalian political system.
Overthrow of Idol: Lord Bolingbroke about Jean Boden’s View of History
Authors: Ayzenshtat Marina
Published: April 2022

Lord Henry Bolingbroke (1678—1751), philosophy and politician who was one of bright thinker and statesman. Bolingbroke leaved England for France after attempt of restoration of Stuarts was failure. There he became the author of some historical essays, in ont of thtm Boligbroke wrote about ideas of Jean Boden, French philosophy, writer and politician (1529—1596). Bolingbroke read his work in youth and liked it very much. But decades later he changed his mind and criticized Boden’s ideas how to read history, as wrote Bolingbroke. Contemporary authors investigate Bolingbroke’s political and philosophical views, but his historical views, as a rule, they don’t take in minds. The author of these essay tried to answer why Bolingbroke overthrow his youth idol.
Jean Bodin and English Demonology of the 16th — 17th Centuries
Authors: Togoeva Olga
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the influence exerted by the famous French lawyer Jean Bodin on the English demonologists of the 16—17th centuries. Based on the material of demonological treatises and pamphlets published in the English Kingdom since the end of the 16th century, the author of the article traces the degree of familiarity of the English with the basic ideas of the “Demon-mania of Sorcerers” of Jean Bodin (1580). She notes four different principles of quoting “Demon-mania”: direct quoting with the mention of the author’s name and the title of the treatise; hidden borrowings; indirect quoting; and finally, “empty” references, when the appeal to the authority of Jean Bodin was not based on his own text. The undeniable familiarity of English demonologists with “Demon-mania” makes the author of the article also consider the question of the religion of Jean Bodin in order to understand why the British, who were already Protestants for the most part by the beginning of the 16th century, paid so much more attention to the work written by a Catholic.
The Russian Direction of the Prussian Kingdom's Foreign Policy. 1851—1871. The Historiographical Aspect
Authors: Dudarev Vasiliy
Published: April 2022

The author of this article offers his assessment of the state of Russian/Soviet and German historiography devoted to Prussian-Russian political relations, the Russian direction of the Prussian Kingdom's foreign policy. Analyzing the works of Russian and German historians, the author comes to the conclusion that in German historiography, as well as in Russian historical science, there is still no special comprehensive study of the Russian direction of Bismarck's foreign policy in the long period of 1851—1871, on the eve and during the years of German unification.
Jews of the Italian Kingdom: from Emancipation to Racial Law (1870—1938)
Authors: Anisimov Victor
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the socio-economic situation of Jews in the Italian kingdom during the formation of a national state (1870) before the adoption of racial laws in 1938. The issue of the role of education in the life of the Jewish population as a means of integration into Italian society is discussed. A particularly significant event in the life of the Jewish population is the emergence of their own press, thanks to which Italian Jews could broadcast knowledge not only among their fellow tribesmen, but also in non-Jewish environments. However, the radical turn of the fascist regime towards anti-Jewish legislation, which took place in 1938, radically changed this situation. Soon after, Jews were excluded from the life of the Italian nation. One of the most tragic and dramatic periods in the Jewish history of the 20th century will last for seven whole years.
Germany in the Middle East: from Bismarck to Hitler
Authors: Pavlov Nikolay
Published: April 2022

Germany has always been interested in expanding its influence in the Middle East where the strategic interests of the main imperialist powers competing among one another met. For a long time this region was for Germany a territory that provided access to sea, played the role of the military and political bridgehead, was a source of raw materials and a market for German goods. Having embarked on the path of colonial conquests much later than Great Britain and France, Germany was forced not to conquer but to win back its share of the “colonial pie”. Nevertheless, Germany managed to take a leading place in relations with the countries of the Middle East, which considered it as a central European power capable of becoming a conductor of their interests in Europe. However, Germany’s defeat in two world wars led to the fact that it lost its positions in the region and two new German states needed one decade to start a new dialogue with the countries of the region in the conditions of Cold war and bloc confrontation.
The “Body Politic” as a Category of Political Theology: Genesis of the Concept
Authors: Ivan Davydov
Published: April 2022

The article examines the concept of the “body politic”, the hypothesis of its origin and development, as well as the concepts of its application in historical, legal, philosophical, religious, and political discourses based on the tradition of Western political theology. The methodology used by the authors is the descriptive approach of the history of concepts. The study aims to explicate the meanings of the concept of “body politic” in the historical context of the formation of the terminological apparatus of modern legal, institutional and appellative political theology. To achieve this aim, the authors strive to 1) clarify the scope of the concept of “body politic” as a “category of analysis” of political theology; 2) verify the data obtained on specific historical examples borrowed from the potestar imagology and the history of both Roman Catholic and English canon law; 3) trace the evolution of the concept of “body politic” in the context of the change of monarchical forms of government by the republican ones; 4) to trace the convergence of the historical-legal and philosophical-religious optics of historical analysis to clarify the processes of transformation and diffusion of lacunar ethno-confessional identities in the symbolic chronotope.
Theoretical Understanding of the Activation of the Unitary EU Member States Subnational Regions' External Relations
Authors: Povalyashko Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

At the turn of the XX – XXI centuries one can observe the growth of political activity of subnational regions (including unitary countries). The best examples are provided within the framework of integration entities (as European Union) and could takes the form of external relations. The article considers a number of concepts that allow to describe the motivating causes of the phenomenon and the environment that gave rise to it: glocalization, new regionalism, Europe of regions. In addition, the concept of paradiplomacy is considered, as an interpretation of the mechanisms for implementing external relations of subnational regions. As a result, it is concluded that these concepts are used in the analysis of the external relations of the subnational regions of unitary countries within the EU, and it is also argued that the external relations of the regions are an integral part of the European political architecture, important for maintaining European integration, despite the conflict potential inherent in them.
Bernard Williams as a political philosopher (analysis of the current state of foreign and Russian research)
Authors: Ananieva Alina
Published: April 2022

The article examines in detail the current state of foreign and Russian studies on the political theory of the famous British philosopher Bernard Williams. The history of the study of this theory is short and is actively developing at the present time, since the political and philosophical ideas of Williams for a long time remained in the shadow of his moral philosophy. The key themes of Williams 'political philosophy were the problem of self-determination of political philosophy, the relationship between the arguments of political moralism and political realism, the role of historical knowledge in political theory, in accordance with which the existing research areas of Williams' political ideas should be considered in the context of modern political philosophy.
Covid-19 in India: Government structures in the Context of Pandemic Reality and the “Covid Apocalypse”
Authors: Emelyanova Natalia
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the main activities of the Indian government to counter the new coronavirus infection in the period from 01/30/2020 to 08/31/2021. There is an attempt to assess the activity of state structures and their readiness to apply and strengthen mobilization mechanisms. Under the mobilization mechanisms of the state, it is proposed to understand the ability and political will of state institutions to develop and initiate various management decisions, accumulate and increase critically important material and non-material resources to level an emergency situation of technogenic and/or natural plan threatens social development. The main topics of the article are devoted to such aspects as restrictive, punitive measures, as well as state support measures in the context of COVID-19, the specifics of organizing vaccination, the government’s anti-COVID information campaign, India’s “COVID Apocalypse” in 2021, socio-economic consequences and political lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for India. It is concluded that the situation with COVID-19 in India politically demonstrated the defining and decisive role of the coordinating institutions of the federal level. On the whole, the state bodies of India showed readiness for mobilization and showed their efficiency even in the conditions of a catastrophically developing situation, control over which was not completely lost, although there was a real threat of it.
FIRST STEPS OF EDUCATION IN THE FAMILY – THE POSSIBILITIES OF EARLY CHILDHOOD PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN
Authors: Szele Anna Szabina , Nagy Beáta Erika
Published: April 2022

In Hungary, preterm birth is a common issue; approximately 8.000 infants are born preterm each year. At the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Debrecen, our Pediatric Psychology and Psychosomatic Unit work to minimize the risk of neurodevelopmental delay in children born prematurely or in other risk groups. In favour of it, we help families at both the prevention and the intervention levels. Parent education, organization of parent groups, and counselling provide us an opportunity to acquaint parents with the possibilities of using help. The chapter briefly describes the possibilities of prevention (screening tests, diagnostics) and intervention (parent group, music therapy, animal-assisted therapy, sensory integration therapy), the family implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Bayley-III diagnostic and screening test, which is one of the most advanced developmental tools for early prevention. Our approach is that, in favour of healthy and balanced development, the whole family needs to get the appropriate support and care. Supporting and strengthening parental efficiency is an important step by which the parent is able to implement a method of education that takes into account the individual characteristics of the child, by which the child's adaptability, carrying capacity, and social skills develop and strengthen.
Another “Marshall Plan” Needed to Emancipate African Americans from the Vicious Cycle of Poverty
Authors: Nwaokoro Amaechi N , Williams Victor , Washington Sandra
Published: April 2022

African Americans are experiencing a critical market failure that is characterized by a vicious cycle of poverty. Among other proxies, the enduring poverty is mostly due to African Americans’ disenfranchisement in the price-driven economy. The proxies of poverty portray a large measure of unacceptable disparity between blacks and white people in contemporary America. Unlike the resolve of the Great Depression, the Great Recession and the various other recessions, this disparity is unlikely to be resolved by the price mechanisms. Particularly, the huge unemployment that characterizes African Americans suggests that the group experiences an economic depression in the presence of the whites’ economic recession. The US has an obligation to resolve the endemic African American poverty with another “Marshall Plan”, which needs to be deliberately and exogenously directed. This bailout can be likened to when the US was bailed out of the Western European economy after World War II with the Marshall Plan in 1948.
Homenaje a Luis Jaime Cisneros : Nota editorial
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Una aproximación lingüística a la poesía concreta
Authors: Aramayo Perla Julio
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Sobre el arte narrativa de Juan Manuel
Authors: Oquendo Abelardo
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
En torno al 'arte poética' de Vicente Hidobro
Authors: Truel Bressoud Juana
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Adhesión de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua
Authors: Jiménez Borja José
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
La semántica lingüística
Authors: Heger Klaus
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Juan M. Lope Blanch. Investigaciones sobre dialectología mexicana, México (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Publicaciones del Centro de Lingüística Hispánica, 8) 1979, 202 pp.
Authors: Rivarola José Luis
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
César Vallejo. Obra poética completa, Edición, prólogo y cronología. Enrique Ballón Aguírre, Caracas (Biblioteca Ayacucho 58), 1979, LXXVIII + 340 pp.
Authors: Rivarola José Luis
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Diccionario de la literatura cubana Tomo I, A - LL, (Instituto de literatura y lingüística de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba), La Habana (Editorial Letras Cubanas) 1980 ,538 pp.
Authors: Elmore Peter
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Huellas de Góngora en los sermones de Lunarejo
Authors: Cisneros Luis Jaime
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Breve presentación de la morfología del quechua de Ferreñafe
Authors: Taylor Gerald
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
Alexandru Niculescu. Outline history of the Romanian Language, Bucharest (Editura Știintifica Și Enciclopediấ). 1981,187 p.
Authors: Palacios Taico Luis Ernesto
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
UN CRUCE DE LECTURAS EN ESPINOSA MEDRANO
Authors: Cisneros Luis Jaime
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
La sintaxis básica del teatro
Authors: Osorio de Negret Betty
Published: April 2022

Este ensayo intentará poner en contacto dos tradiciones dramáticas dístanciadas por la geografía y la cronología. Se trata de las tradiciones indígenas peruanas alrededor de la prisión y muerte del Inca Atahuallpa que aparecieron desde los momentos mástempranos de la conquista, y la obra del dramaturgo inglés Peter Shaffer que lleva el título Thc Royal Hunt of the Sun (La real cacería del sol).
La producción de géneros específicos en contextos condicionados
Authors: Perissinotto Giorgio
Published: April 2022

Uno de los efectos más notables del feminismo es que nos haobligado a examinar la conducta social del hombre hacia la mujer.Lo que antes del movimiento feminista o no se cuestionaba o seexplicaba y justificaba como simple inercia de costumbres centenarias, ahora se escudriña, se sanciona, se pone en tela de juicio,se acusa. Hasta el piropo -forma milenaria pero unilateral de expresar admiración por los atributos femeninos- se ha venidoatacando como instrumento de agresión masculina para dominara la mujer. En los momentos más álgidos de la confrontaciónmachismo~feminismo, no han faltado mujeres que les hayan silbado a los hombres en signo de falsa admiración; y hasta hubomujeres que, para dramatizar la humillación a la que han sido sometidas, llegaron al pellizco en zonas que hacen ruborizar al másconvencido de los "machos".
Variantes textuales de Yawar Fiesta de José María Arguedas (Segunda parte)
Authors: Rodríguez Garrido José
Published: April 2022

Los cambios más importantes -por su abundancia y peculiaridad en el empleo- que se producen en el plano de la morfología son los referidos a los accidentes verbales. Como v'eremos de inmediato, los criterios que guiaron estas correciones se asemejan, en gran medida, a los del léxico, señalados en el capítulo anterior.
La narrativa peruana después de 1950
Authors: González Vigil Ricardo
Published: April 2022

Nuestro propósito es ofrecer una visión panorámica de las principales líneas y características de la narrativa peruana durante la segunda mitad del presente siglo, aproximadamente desde 1950 hasta el presente1 • Acaso cabría precisar esta fecha li-mítrofe en 1948, año en que Carlos Eduardo Zavaleta, uno de los principales exponentes de la llamada "Generación del 50", y prácticamente el iniciador de la renovación de las técnicas narrativas en nuestro medio, publica la novela El cínico y el cuento "Una ligurilla".
La épica incaica en tres textos coloniales (Juan de Betanzos, Titu Cusi Yupanqui, el Ollantay)
Authors: Lienhard Martín
Published: April 2022

El famoso drama quechua Ollantay. cuya primera versión escrita se realizó sin duda en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, ha suscitado una polémica larga, a menudo estéril y repetitiva, entre los defensores de su supuesto origen incaico y los que insisten, por el contrario, en sus rasgos coloniales e hispánicos.
Un capítulo de lexicografía hispánica. En torno al vocabulario bilingüe francés-español de Jacques Ledel
Authors: Azorín Fernández Dolores
Published: April 2022

De entre las distintas parcelas que conforman el panoramade la historia de la filología hispánica, el desarrollo de la actividadlexicográfica reviste una especial importancia y brillantez. Desdela aparición en 1492 del Vocabulario Latino-Español de Nebrija hasta el Diccionario de Autoridades de la Real AcademiaEspañola, la lexicografía española cuenta en su haber con una impotante nómina de autores y de obras que, desde hace tiempo,reclaman la atención del especialista.
ENRIQUE CARRION ORDOÑEZ, La lengua en un texto de la Ilustración
Authors: Lerner Isaías
Published: April 2022

Con esta edición y estudio filológico de la Noticia de Arequipa ¿e Antonio Pereira y Ruiz culmina Carrión Ordóñez elproceso de investigación y análisis de este texto, realizado a lolargo de veinte años. Desde el inicial interés biográfico de la tesisde bachiller en Humanidades ( 1964) hasta este extraordinarioestudio de semiótica filológica; para utilizar la feliz nomenclaturade C. Segre (Torino, 1976), Carrión ha asimilado con la Noticiade Pereira, las más importantes corrientes de investigación y crítica textuales. Este resultado final posee una coherencia teóricay una precisión de análisis realmente excepcionales y, en másde un aspecto, ejemplares. Una nomenclatura rigurosa precisa lafundamentación teórica del análisis que actualiza la lengua deeste viajero canario el siglo XVIII para los estudiosos modernos. Y, sin duda, estas posturas teóricas modernas permiten unarecepción fecunda del texto.
GARCIA BERRIO, Antonio, La construcción imaginaria en Cántico de Jorge Guillén, Limoges (Trames, Universidad de Limoges, 1985).
Authors: Antonio Domínguez Valentina de
Published: April 2022

La obra de Antonio García Berrio atiende a dos clases de problemas: en primer lugar es una aportación concreta, dentro del hispanismo, a la historia de la poesía española del siglo XX, en la que el poeta Jorge Guillén ha ocupado un puesto importante, aunque su obra, debido a una cierta frialdad y formalismo de los que se le ha acusado incluso por personalidades muy decisivas como Juan Ramón Jiménez, Cernuda o Gil de Biedma, no ha tenido tal vez una influencia general correspondiente a su prestigio en los ambientes más restringidamente universitarios. En segundo lugar el libro de García Berrio es una puesta al día y una adaptación de novedades metodológicas interesantes, tantodentro de la tradición de la crítica formalista, en la que la obra de este autor ha sido una de las más influyentes del hispanismo en Europa, como también en la actual metodología psicoanalítica, y especialmente en sus modalidadesde mitocrítica y poética del imaginario. Es en este segundo aspecto en el que centraré sobre todo esta reseña.