bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REPRESENTATION OF NOSTALGIA IN THE PROGRAM MEMORI MELODI IN TVRI NATIONAL
Authors: Ramadhoni Ayudha Eka , Sugihartono Ranang Agung
Published: December 2020

This study describes the representation of nostalgia in the “Memori Melodi” music program in the episode Tribute To Yon Koeswoyo. This study uses a construction approach from the representation of Stuart Hall. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling technique. Data collection used is observation without a roleplay and interviews. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman model data analysis which consisted of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results of this study indicate there is a nostalgic representation in the music program of “Memori Melodi” episode Tribute To Yon Koeswoyo. The appearance of nostalgic is constructed through verbal and non-verbal language in each segment. The construction of social interactions between the performers (host, singer, audience) and sensory input (music, visual, narrative about Koes Plus and Yon Koeswoyo, and expressions of the performers) is a form of nostalgia in the Tribute To Yon Koeswoyo's episode. This nostalgic representation is useful knowledge about the reappearance of nostalgia in music programs on television.
Utricularia rosettifolia Alfasane & Hassan sp. nov. (Lentibulariaceae) - A new species from Bangladesh
Authors: Alfasane Md Almujaddade , Hassan Md Abul , Bhuiyan Rauf Ahmed
Published: December 2020

A new species, Utricularia rosettifolia Alfasane & Hassan (Lentibulariaceae), is described with illustration. Detailed taxonomic description including information on type specimens, flowering and fruiting time, ecology, and distribution in Bangladesh are provided. The diagnostic characters of this species and comparison with its closest one are also provided.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 205-211, 2020 (December)
New records of three species and a variety of Angiosperms for Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Gazi Mosharof , Khan Saleh Ahammad , Rahman Mohammad Sayedur , Rahim Md Abdur
Published: December 2020

During the floristic explorations in Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh, conducted in 2016-2019, the authors collect some specimens of Angiosperms that are finally identified as Cleisostoma simondii (Gagnep.) Seidenf. of Orchidaceae and Volkameria heterophylla Vent. of Lamiaceae. Specimens of C. simondii are further identified as C. simondii var. guandongense Z.H. Tsi. The authors collect some specimens of another angiospermic plant in 2019 from Gazipur district of Bangladesh and confirm their identification as Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br. of family Lamiaceae. All of these taxa are recorded here for the first time from Bangladesh. Detailed taxonomic description with notes on ecology, uses, distribution and distinctness from morphologically similar taxa, photographs and illustration are provided.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 251-260, 2020 (December)
The importance in DNA barcoding of the regions which is covering rRNA genes and its sequences in the genus Quercus L.
Authors: Aykut Yilmaz
Published: December 2020

Turkey with 18 oak (Quercus) species is one of the richest country according to species number and diversity. The most important reason of the species diversity in Turkey is its location and geomorphological structure which increase climatic effects and seperate Turkey into different phytogeographic regions. Furthermore, hybridization behaviours which frequently observed between oak species, genetic drift, gene flow and ecological factors cause morphological variations in the plants species. All of these factors make it difficult to define the species concept for plant groups like oaks. Therefore, the region covering 18S rRNA gene/ ITS1/ 5.8S rRNA gene/ ITS2/ 25S rRNA gene and secondly intergenic spacer (IGS)/ 5S rRNA gene for barcoding were obtained from genbank and used as a useful tool for the determination and solution of the phylogenetic relations of taxonomically problematic species, also these barcoding regions were compared with each other according to species recognition ability for oak species. As a result, it can be stated that both barcoding regions have high variable sites based on sequence information to identify the species and evaluate relationships of species studied.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 261-271, 2020 (December)
New records of seaweeds from southeastern coasts of Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Alfasane Md Almujaddade
Published: December 2020

Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui Zhang et Xia 1988 from sand-flat at Nuniachara, Cox’s Bazar, Ulva linza Lin. from west coast of Naf R. at Noapara, Teknaf and Fishary Ghat in River Bakkhali, at Cox’s Bazar, and Caulerpa fergusonii Murray from St. Martin’s Island (SMI), have been newly recorded and illustrated from Bangladesh. C. chemnitzschi (Esper) Weber-van Bosse var. irregulare Aziz & Alfasane var. nov. and C. sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) M. Howe var. robusta Aziz & Alfasane var. nov. from SMI, Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh are new to science. Total number of marine algal taxa so far recorded from Bangladesh coasts is now 210.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 335-343, 2020 (December)
Useful valuable plants of Maithili community in Eastern Nepal: An ethnobotanical study
Authors: Mallik Anand Raj , Chaudhary Sujan , Shrestha Sabitri
Published: December 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 439-446, 2020 (December)
First record of Leucoagaricus nivalis from Pakistan
Authors: Jabeen Sana , Waseem Bushra , Tuba - , Hamid Mughees , Yasmeen Aneela
Published: December 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 453-459, 2020 (December)
Crisis Management in Public Relations: Meta-Synthesis Analysis of Online Activism
Authors: Nirmalasari Andi
Published: December 2020

Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi public relations dalam menangani krisis yang di alami oleh organisasi dalam bentuk aktivisme online. Aktivisme online merupakan gerakan digital massal yang berpotensi memberikan ancaman kepada reputasi organisasi. Aktivisme online ini merupakan wujud dari kesenjangan ekspektasi publik yang tidak sesuai dengan realitas sosial sebuah organisasi. Melalui metode analisis meta-sintesis, systematic review ini mengupas konsep aktivisme online dari beberapa jurnal yang berbeda dan mengelaborasi hasil kajian dengan teori dan konsep kehumasan dalam manajemen krisis. Konsep manajemen yang tepat sasaran dapat mengatasi permasalahan aktivisme online tersebut
EscapeLab: um jogo de fuga para o ensino de Química
Authors: Noronha Diogo Xavier de , Silva Gabriel da , Soares Vássia Carvalho
Published: December 2020

O uso de ferramentas didático-pedagógicas alternativas ao quadro e giz, dentre elas os objetos virtuais de aprendizagem, contribuem para uma estratégia de ensino facilitadora do processo de ensino e aprendizagem em química. A gamificação tem se mostrado uma importante estratégia para fortalecer o engajamento dos alunos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e aplicação de um jogo de fuga, denominado EscapeLab onde a personagem se movimenta pelos ambientes do jogo solucionando enigmas relacionados à conteúdos de química, com a finalidade de estimular a aprendizagem do usuário. O jogo foi aplicado em uma turma do Ensino Médio. Foram aplicados, além de uma pesquisa qualitativa, um pré-teste e um pós-teste para análise do conteúdo assimilado pelos alunos após o uso desta ferramenta didático-pedagógica. Foi observado que o EscapeLab foi bem aceito pelos estudantes e auxiliou na assimilação de conceitos químicos. Trabalhos desta natureza contribuem significativamente para a sociedade uma vez que possibilitam a inclusão digital e têm como base o despertar do interesse pela ciência, através da unificação de estudo e da diversão, utilizando dos jogos virtuais que são hoje tão presentes no cotidiano destes jovens. Com base nas ideias pedagógicas construtivistas construídas a partir das ideias de Jean Piaget, pode-se concluir que um jogo educativo, devidamente selecionado e monitorado por um professor apto, é uma excelente ferramenta pedagógica.
Carbono orgânico e atributos físico-químicos de um solo do município de Paragominas – PA
Authors: Alves Camila Nascimento , Miranda Luís André de Sousa , Farias Tereza Lopes , Nascimento Julita Maria Heinen do , Silva Marcello dos Santos , Santos Francisco Felix dos
Published: December 2020

A qualidade do solo tem instigado cada vez mais pesquisas, visto que a busca por uma melhor produção é cada vez mais almejada. Desse modo, a caracterização da qualidade do solo tem se tornado um mecanismo eficaz para definir a capacidade do sistema de viabilizar-se no presente e no futuro. Com isto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar por meio químico e físico a qualidade do solo coletado in situ em Paragominas-Pará, a fim de verificar os resultados obtidos com a precisão de cada método utilizado. Foram retiradas duas amostras de um perfil de solo em dois horizontes, a primeira com profundidade de 0 – 20cm e a segunda de 20 – 40cm, as mesmas foram armazenadas em sacos de polietileno e transportadas ao laboratório para a realização de análises físico-químicas. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa expõem a importância da realização de determinadas medidas de campo, como as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo, no viés qualitativo do mesmo. Logo, as variáveis umidade, cor, pH, fração do solo e teor de MO possibilitam o conhecimento do local e dos processos de modificação que ali ocorreram. Dessa forma, servem como fundamento para identificar variações de maior impacto.
Influência do uso de cloreto de potássio e preparado enzimático nas características físicas de biscoito com teor de sódio reduzido
Authors: Araújo Cirila Ionara Almeida , Sant’anna Laudiane Justo , Moreira Eduardo da Silva , Cornejo Lara Lima , Paula Matheus Custódio de , Lucia Suzana Maria Della , Carvalho Raquel Viera de , Lima Filho Tarcisio
Published: December 2020

O consumo excessivo de sódio é um problema de saúde pública mundial. O grande desafio é realizar reduções no teor de sódio sem afetar as características físicas e tecnológicas e a aceitação sensorial dos alimentos. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da adição de cloreto de potássio e preparado enzimático com transglutaminase nas características físicas de biscoito tipo salgado com teor reduzido de sódio. A amostra controle continha apenas cloreto de sódio (1,81% m/m), a partir dela foram elaboradas outras 10 formulações, reduzindo o teor de cloreto de sódio e adicionando cloreto de potássio e preparado enzimático (de 0 a 1,80%). A massa (g), espessura (cm) e comprimento (cm) dos biscoitos foram mensurados antes e após o forneamento. A perda de massa (g), volume específico (cm³.g-1) e textura instrumental (dureza e fraturabilidade) dos biscoitos também foram avaliados após o assamento. Após o assamento, as espessuras de todos os biscoitos aumentaram numericamente. O valor de fraturabilidade foi menor que o valor de dureza para todos os tratamentos, demonstrando que os biscoitos não estavam quebradiços. Para a maioria das formulações, a substituição de cloreto de sódio por cloreto de potássio e preparado enzimático resultou em aumento dos valores de comprimento do biscoito assado, da dureza e da fraturabilidade; e redução nos valores de volume específico e de perda de massa ao assar. Portanto, a redução de cloreto de sódio e adição de cloreto de potássio e de preparado enzimático alteraram as características tecnológicas de biscoitos salgado.
Estratégia de uso de água salobra no cultivo de rabanete em região semiárida
Authors: Carvalho Pedro Henrique Máximo de Souza , Santos Emanuel Ernesto Fernandes , Batista Géssica dos Santos , Santos Júlio César Novais , Reis Laíres Sales
Published: December 2020

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desempenho agronômico de rabanete submetidos à aplicação de água salobra, em diferentes solos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido entre setembro e outubro de 2018 no campo experimental do Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, campus III em Juazeiro-BA. O delineamento experimental avaliado foi inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial, tendo cinco qualidades de água e dois solos. As variáveis analisadas foram: produtividade total; massa fresca do tubérculo; comprimento do tubérculo; diâmetro do tubérculo; acidez total titulável; e pH. O uso da água salobra supriu o desenvolvimento das plantas de rabanete, resultando em desempenho produtivo semelhante ao sistema com água de abastecimento. O Neossolo flúvico proporcionou um maior desempenho agronômico das plantas de rabanete, quando comparado ao Latossolo.
Elevación de seno maxilar con técnica de ventana lateral y rehabilitación implantoprotésica: reporte de caso
Authors: Avilés-Echeverría Santiago Andrés , Hermida-Salazar Pablo Andrés , Pineda-Álvarez David Manuel
Published: December 2020

El siguiente artículo describe la técnica utilizada para la elevación del piso del seno maxilar mediante la realización de una ventana lateral, acompañado de un injerto óseo para aumentar la superficie a rehabilitar. La colocación de implantes dentales en el sector posterior del maxilar superior generalmente presenta algunas dificultades por la falta de remanente óseo en relación al piso del seno maxilar. Entre los factores que influyen a que esto se presente están: la pérdida prematura de piezas dentales permanentes, enfermedad periodontal, alteraciones de estructura del seno maxilar (hiperneumatizaciones), lo que genera la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas para poder rehabilitar y obtener mayor superficie ósea, permitiendo una correcta y eficaz osteointegración, al darle la estabilidad requerida.
Options for Use of Charitable Sharing for Protection of Public Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Experience from the Czech Republic
Authors: Tetřevová Liběna
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a new situation in the modern history of the world. The governments of individual countries are now being forced to adopt unprecedented measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. However, these measures are associated with significant social, psychological and economic impacts. A tool must thus be found which can on the one hand contribute towards protection of public health and on the other hand restrict the negative impacts of governmental regulations. One such tool is charitable sharing. The aim of the study is, on the basis of experience from the Czech Republic, to identify forms of charitable sharing which contribute towards protection of public health during the current COVID-19 pandemic. On the basis of qualitative content analysis, forms of sharing have been identified which are currently being created in reaction to the pandemic based on the initiatives of individuals, companies and research organisations. Inspirational examples of good practice are presented in the form of case study, consisting in sharing of production capacities, the capacities of laboratories, technologies, material, time, information, knowledge or cultural productions. The findings from this study can be used for both creation of policies and formulation of effective measures for handling the current and future emergencies, as well as for development of positive practice in individual countries.
Pohľad na zamestnávanie cudzincov z krajín mimo EÚ na Slovensku
Authors: Hricová Romana , Madzinová Renáta
Published: December 2020

Structural changes in the labour market, employment growth and a lack of skilled labour have generated interest in additional workforce. At first, Slovakia responded by employing the long-term unemployed and by increasing internal migration, but there was also a gradual pressure on employing foreigners. Foreigners gradually began to come to Slovakia, not only from the EU, but also from third countries. For a more detailed analysis, 5 countries were selected, which in the last analysed year accounted for the highest percentage of the employment of foreigners from third countries. The aim of the paper is to find out, on the basis of the analysis of the number of working foreigners in Slovakia, in which professions they are most often employed and whether we are able to use their knowledge potential.
Theoretical Concept and Definition of City Marketing
Authors: Yezhova Anastasiia
Published: December 2020

Why do some cities get more investments than others taking into account their equal locality, capital, and potential? City marketing can be a direct answer to that. Selling cities as a product, building their brand and reputation, making them attractive in the "urban market" for investors, partners, current and prospective residents… all of these bring us to the idea of cities' interests' promotion. In this article author frames the theoretical concept of city marketing through literature analysis and creates an operational definition in the framework of the thesis "Strategic City Marketing in Ukrainian Local Governments: Analysis of Current and Perspective Realization". In the process of analysis, it was observed, that studied definitions form two groups: competition-oriented and customer-oriented. The task was to use features of both in the operational definition.
Simulated Microgravity Reduces Proliferation and Reorganizes the Cytoskeleton of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: CHI H , SON H , CHUNG D , HUAN L , DIEM T , LONG L
Published: December 2020

The cytoskeleton plays a key role in cellular proliferation, cell-shape maintenance and internal cellular organization. Cells are highly sensitive to changes in microgravity, which can induce alterations in the distribution of the cytoskeletal and cell proliferation. This study aimed to assess the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on the proliferation and expression of major cell cycle-related regulators and cytoskeletal proteins in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs). A WST-1 assay showed that the proliferation of SMG-exposed hucMSCs was lower than a control group. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the percentage of SMG-exposed hucMSCs in the G0/G1 phase was higher than the control group. A western blot analysis revealed there was a downregulation of cyclin A1 and A2 expression in SMG-exposed hucMSCs as well. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4) and 6 (cdk6) were also observed to be reduced in the SMG-exposed hucMSCs. The total nuclear intensity of SMG-exposed hucMSCs was also lower than the control group. However, there were no differences in the nuclear area or nuclear-shape value of hucMSCs from the SMG and control groups. A western blot and quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that SMG-exposed hucMSCs experienced a downregulation of β-actin and α-tubulin compared to the control group. SMG generated the reorganization of microtubules and microfilaments in hucMSCs. Our study supports the idea that the downregulation of major cell cycle-related proteins and cytoskeletal proteins results in the remodeling of the cytoskeleton and the proliferation of hucMSCs.
Factors that prevent the SMEs of Puerto Rico from adopting electronic commerce
Authors: Cúneo Fernández Francisco Eduardo , Ortiz-Soto Maribel
Published: December 2020

This qualitative research had as its main objective, to identify factors of the nonadoption
of electronic commerce within the dimension of Business-to-Consumer
by the small and medium-sized companies of Puerto Rico (SMEs). An indepth
interview was used, applied to six companies. The study concludes that
the reasons for the non-adoption of electronic commerce by SMEs in Puerto
Rico are lack of technological knowledge related to Electronic Commerce and
the excessive attention to the traditional channel. The study contributes to the
knowledge on the subject of the factors of the non-adoption of electronic commerce
in small and medium-sized companies and provides a clearer picture of
the need for them to acquire more knowledge on the subject under discussion.
Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Ruang Perinatologi RSUD Drajat Prawiranegara
Authors: Khotimah Husnul , Sasmita Hanum
Published: December 2020

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kematian perinatal adalah Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR).  Angka BBLR di Provinsi Banten yaitu 9,7-10% dan menduduki peringkat ke-15 di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia kehamilan, paritas dan preeklampsia dengan kejadian BBLR di ruang perinatologi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Drajat Prawiranegara. Desain penelitian adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan case control. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan chi square dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Jumlah sampel kasus sebanyak 26 bayi dan kontrol (1:1) sebanyan 26 bayi sehingga total sampel sebanyak 52 bayi. Hasil penelitian yaitu terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia kehamilan (p=0,060), paritas (p=0,038), dan preeklampsia (P=0,007) dengan kejadian BBLR. Faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian BBLR adalah preeklampsi dengan nilai Odds Ratio (OR) variabel preeklampsia adalah 8,6, artinya preeklampsia memiliki peluang hampir 9 kali lebih besar menyebabkan bayi mengalami BBLR dibandingkan dengan tidak preeklampsia. Diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan dan RSUD Drajat Prawiranegara dapat memberikan penanganan dan tindakan yang tepat untuk mengatasi komplikasi dan penyulit yang berhubungan dengan berat bayi lahir rendah.
Grade Komposisi Vitamin A Air Susu Ibu (ASI) pada Penyimpanan Microkontroler Arduino Nano dengan Penyimpanan pada Lemari Pendingin dan Suhu Ruangan
Authors: Nuraiman Nuraiman , Mardiana Ahmad  , As’ad Suryani
Published: December 2020

Penelitan ini bertujuan membandingkan komposisi Vitamin A pada ASI yang disimpan menggunakan Mikrocontroller Arduino Nano, dengan Lemari Pendingin dan Suhu Ruangan. Penelitian ini berjenis percobaan murni. Teknik penyampelan yang digunakan adalah penyampelan purposive dan diperoleh sebanyak 45 sampel. Kadar komposisi Vitamin A ASI diuji dengan Spektrofotometrik UV-Vis, Perlakuan dilakukan dengan memompa menggunakan pompa doubell pumping kemudian disimpan menggunakan Mikrocontroller Arduino Nano, Lemari Pendingin dan Suhu Ruangan selama 8 jam, Analisa data menggunakan uji One-Way Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komposisi Vitamin A ASI yang disimpan menggunakan penyimpanan Mikrocontroller Arduino Nano pada suhu 300C lebih tinggi dibanding ASI yang disimpan pada Lemari pendingin pada suhu 40C dan pada Suhu Ruangan (p=0,064). Vitamin A lebih baik disimpan menggunakan Mikrocontroller Arduino Nano.
The Spectral Underpinning of word2vec
Authors: Jaffe Ariel , Kluger Yuval , Lindenbaum Ofir , Patsenker Jonathan , Peterfreund Erez , Steinerberger Stefan
Published: December 2020

Word2vec introduced by Mikolov et al. is a word embedding method that is widely used in natural language processing. Despite its success and frequent use, a strong theoretical justification is still lacking. The main contribution of our paper is to propose a rigorous analysis of the highly nonlinear functional of word2vec. Our results suggest that word2vec may be primarily driven by an underlying spectral method. This insight may open the door to obtaining provable guarantees for word2vec. We support these findings by numerical simulations. One fascinating open question is whether the nonlinear properties of word2vec that are not captured by the spectral method are beneficial and, if so, by what mechanism.
Applications of Nanovaccines for Disease Prevention in Cattle
Authors: Maina Teresia W. , Grego Elizabeth A. , Boggiatto Paola M. , Sacco Randy E. , Narasimhan Balaji , McGill Jodi L.
Published: December 2020

Vaccines are one of the most important tools available to prevent and reduce the incidence of infectious diseases in cattle. Despite their availability and widespread use to combat many important pathogens impacting cattle, several of these products demonstrate variable efficacy and safety in the field, require multiple doses, or are unstable under field conditions. Recently, nanoparticle-based vaccine platforms (nanovaccines) have emerged as promising alternatives to more traditional vaccine platforms. In particular, polymer-based nanovaccines provide sustained release of antigen payloads, stabilize such payloads, and induce enhanced antibod- and cell-mediated immune responses, both systemically and locally. To improve vaccine administrative strategies and efficacy, they can be formulated to contain multiple antigenic payloads and have the ability to protect fragile proteins from degradation. Nanovaccines are also stable at room temperature, minimizing the need for cold chain storage. Nanoparticle platforms can be synthesized for targeted delivery through intranasal, aerosol, or oral administration to induce desired mucosal immunity. In recent years, several nanovaccine platforms have emerged, based on biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, liposomes, and virus-like particles. While most nanovaccine candidates have not yet advanced beyond testing in rodent models, a growing number have shown promise for use against cattle infectious diseases. This review will highlight recent advancements in polymeric nanovaccine development and the mechanisms by which nanovaccines may interact with the bovine immune system. We will also discuss the positive implications of nanovaccines use for combating several important viral and bacterial disease syndromes and consider important future directions for nanovaccine development in beef and dairy cattle.
Endocytic Adaptors in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Cui Kui , Dong Yunzhou , Wang Beibei , Cowan Douglas B. , Chan Siu-Lung , Shyy John , Chen Hong
Published: December 2020

Endocytosis is the process of actively transporting materials into a cell by membrane engulfment. Traditionally, endocytosis was divided into three forms: phagocytosis (cell eating), pinocytosis (cell drinking), and the more selective receptor-mediated endocytosis (clathrin-mediated endocytosis); however, other important endocytic pathways (e.g., caveolin-dependent endocytosis) contribute to the uptake of extracellular substances. In each, the plasma membrane changes shape to allow the ingestion and internalization of materials, resulting in the formation of an intracellular vesicle. While receptor-mediated endocytosis remains the best understood pathway, mammalian cells utilize each form of endocytosis to respond to their environment. Receptor-mediated endocytosis permits the internalization of cell surface receptors and their ligands through a complex membrane invagination process that is facilitated by clathrin and adaptor proteins. Internalized vesicles containing these receptor-ligand cargoes fuse with early endosomes, which can then be recycled back to the plasma membrane, delivered to other cellular compartments, or destined for degradation by fusing with lysosomes. These intracellular fates are largely determined by the interaction of specific cargoes with adaptor proteins, such as the epsins, disabled-homolog 2 (Dab2), the stonin proteins, epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15, and adaptor protein 2 (AP-2). In this review, we focus on the role of epsins and Dab2 in controlling these sorting processes in the context of cardiovascular disease. In particular, we will focus on the function of epsins and Dab2 in inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, and their fundamental contribution to atherogenicity.
Reaction Kinetics of One-Pot Xylan Conversion to Xylitol via Precious Metal Catalyst
Authors: Hilpmann Gerd , Kurzhals Pascal , Reuter Tom , Ayubi Mick Miro
Published: December 2020

The hydrolytic hydrogenation of xylan to xylitol by a one-pot process was studied in detail in a batch reactor. The reaction was catalyzed by a combination of diluted sulfuric acid and precious metal Ru on carbon powder. Process parameters were varied between 120–150°C, while maintaining constant hydrogen pressure at 20 bar and an acid concentration equivalent to pH 2. The xylan solution consisted of 1 wt% beechwood powder (Carl Roth, >90%) in deionized water. Sulfuric acid was added to the solution until pH two was reached, then the 0.3 wt% catalyst powder (5% Ru on Act. C) was added and the solution was put into the batch reactor. The first approach of kinetic modeling began with conventional first-order kinetics and compared this to a more complex model based on Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics. The xylan and xylitol data reached a good fit. However, the modeling results also showed that the rate-limiting step of xylose-formation was still not represented in a satisfactory manner. Therefore, the model was adapted and developed further. The advanced model finally showed a good fit with the intermediate product xylose and the target product xylitol. The overall modeling methods and results are presented and discussed.
Variations in Energy Metabolism Precede Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in Hypertrophic Preconditioning
Authors: Wu Jian , Lu Jing , Huang Jiayuan , You Jieyun , Ding Zhiwen , Ma Leilei , Dai Fangjie , Xu Ran , Li Xuan , Yin Peipei , Zhao Gang , Wang Shijun , Yuan Jie , Yang Xiangdong , Ge Junbo , Zou Yunzeng
Published: December 2020

Recent studies have unveiled that myocardial hypertrophic preconditioning (HP), which is produced by de-banding (De-TAC) of short-term transverse aortic constriction (TAC), protects the heart against hypertrophic responses caused by subsequent re-constriction (Re-TAC) in mice. Although cardiac substrate metabolism is impaired in heart failure, it remains unclear about the role of HP-driven energetics in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we investigated energy metabolism, cardiac hypertrophy, and function following variational loading conditions, as well as their relationships in HP. Male C57BL/6J mice (10–12 weeks old) were randomly subjected to Sham, HP [TAC for 3days (TAC 3d), de-banding the aorta for 4 days (De-TAC 4d), and then re-banding the aorta for 4 weeks (Re-TAC 4W)], and TAC (TAC for 4 weeks without de-banding). Cardiac echocardiography, hemodynamics, and histology were utilized to evaluate cardiac remodeling and function. The mRNA expression levels of fetal genes (ANP and BNP), glucose metabolism-related genes (glut4, pdk4), and fatty acid oxidation-related genes (mcad, pgc1α, mcd, pparα) were quantitated by real-time quantitative PCR. Activation of hypertrophy regulators ERK1/2, a metabolic stress kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its downstream target acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC) were explored by western blot. Compared with TAC 4W mice, Re-TAC 4W mice showed less impairment in glucose and fatty acid metabolism, as well as less cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Moreover, no significant difference was found in myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac function in TAC 3d and De-TAC 4d groups compared with Sham group. However, glut4, pdk4, mcad, pgc1α, mcd, and pparα were all decreased, while AMPK and ACC were activated in TAC 3d and returned to Sham level in De-TAC 4d, suggesting that the change in myocardial energy metabolism in HP mice was earlier than that in cardiac structure and function. Collectively, HP improves energy metabolism and delays cardiac remodeling, highlighting that early metabolic improvements drive a potential beneficial effect on structural and functional restoration in cardiac hypertrophy.
Moderate Iodine Deficiency Is Common in Pregnancy but Does Not Alter Maternal and Neonatal Thyroid Function Tests
Authors: Schiller Tal , Agmon Arnon , Ostrovsky Viviana , Shefer Gabi , Knobler Hilla , Zornitzki Taiba
Published: December 2020

Introduction

An Israeli national survey found that 85% of pregnant women had urinary iodine content (UIC) levels below the adequacy range (<150 µg/L). Widespread desalinated water usage and no national fortification plan are possible causes. Studies assessing relationships between iodine status and maternal and neonatal thyroid function provided varying results. Our aims were to determine whether iodine deficiency was associated with altered maternal or neonatal thyroid function and the factors leading to iodine deficiency.

Methods

A cross-sectional study including 100 healthy women without prior thyroid disease, in their first trimester of a singleton pregnancy were recruited from an HMO clinic in central Israel. The women were followed from their first trimester. All women completed a 24-h dietary recall and life habits questionnaires. We tested for UIC, maternal and neonatal thyroid function, maternal autoantibodies, and neonatal outcomes.

Results

Median UIC in our cohort was 49 µg/L [25%–75% interquartile range (IQR) 16-91.5 µg/L], with 84% below adequacy range. No correlation was found between iodine deficiency and maternal or neonatal thyroid function which remained within normal ranges. Antibody status did not differ, but thyroglobulin levels were significantly higher in iodine insufficient subjects. UIC was higher in women consuming an iodine containing supplement. There was no association between UIC and dietary iodine content or water source.

Conclusions

Moderate iodine deficiency is common in our healthy pregnant women population. Our data imply that moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy seem sufficient to maintain normal maternal and neonatal thyroid function.
Bi-Level Load Peak Shifting and Valley Filling Dispatch Model of Distribution Systems With Virtual Power Plants
Authors: Luo Fengzhang , Yang Xin , Wei Wei , Zhang Tianyu , Yao Liangzhong , Zhu Lingzhi , Qian Minhui
Published: December 2020

Distributed energy resources (DERs) have been widely involved in the optimal dispatch of distribution systems which benefit from the characteristics of reliability, economy, flexibility, and environmental protection. And distribution systems are gradually transforming from passive networks to active distribution networks. However, it is difficult to manage DERs effectively because of their wide distribution, intermittency, and randomness. Virtual power plants (VPPs) can not only coordinate the contradiction between distribution systems and DERs but also consider the profits of DERs, which can realize the optimal dispatch of distribution systems effectively. In this paper, a bi-level dispatch model based on VPPs is proposed for load peak shaving and valley filling in distribution systems. The VPPs consist of distributed generations, energy storage devices, and demand response resources. The objective of the upper-level model is smoothing load curve, and the objective of the lower-level model is maximizing the profits of VPPs. Meanwhile, we consider the quadratic cost function to quantify the deviation between the actual output and the planned output of DGs. The effectiveness of the bi-level dispatch model in load shifting and valley filling is proved by various scenarios. In addition, the flexibility of the model in participating in distribution system dispatch is also verified.
Analysis of Water Pollution Using Different Physicochemical Parameters: A Study of Yamuna River
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Kumar Raghvendra , Satapathy Suresh Chandra , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Singh Krishna Kant , Mahapatra Rajendra Prasad , Agarwal Anuj Kumar , Le Hiep Van , Pham Binh Thai
Published: December 2020

The Yamuna river has become one of the most polluted rivers in India as well as in the world because of the high-density population growth and speedy industrialization. The Yamuna river is severely polluted and needs urgent revival. The Yamuna river in Dehradun is polluted due to exceptional tourist activity, poor sewage facilities, and insufficient wastewater management amenities. The measurement of the quality can be done by water quality assessment. In this study, the water quality index has been calculated for the Yamuna river at Dehradun using monthly measurements of 12 physicochemical parameters. Trend forecasting for river water pollution has been performed using different parameters for the years 2020–2024 at Dehradun. The study shows that the values of four parameters namely, Temperature, Total Coliform, TDS, and Hardness are increasing yearly, whereas the values of pH and DO are not rising heavily. The considered physicochemical parameters for the study are TDS, Chlorides, Alkalinity, DO, Temperature, COD, BOD, pH, Magnesium, Hardness, Total Coliform, and Calcium. As per the results and trend analysis, the value of total coliform, temperature, and hardness are rising year by year, which is a matter of concern. The values of the considered physicochemical parameters have been monitored using various monitoring stations installed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India.
Control vs. Constraint: Understanding the Mechanisms of Vibration Transmission During Material-Bound Information Transfer
Authors: Miller Thomas E. , Mortimer Beth
Published: December 2020

Material-bound vibrations are ubiquitous in the environment and are widely used as an information source by animals, whether they are generated by biotic or abiotic sources. The process of vibration information transfer is subject to a wide range of physical constraints, especially during the vibration transmission phase. This is because vibrations must travel through materials in the environment and body of the animal before reaching embedded mechanosensors. Morphology therefore plays a key and often overlooked role in shaping information flow. Web-building spiders are ideal organisms for studying vibration information transfer due to the level of control they have over morphological traits, both within the web (environment) and body, which can give insights for bioinspired design. Here we investigate the mechanisms governing vibration information transfer, including the relative roles of constraints and control mechanisms. We review the known and theoretical contributions of morphological and behavioral traits to vibration transmission in these spiders, and propose an interdisciplinary framework for considering the effects of these traits from a biomechanical perspective. Whereas morphological traits act as a series of springs, dampers and masses arranged in a specific geometry to influence vibration transmission, behavioral traits influence these morphologies often over small timescales in response to changing conditions. We then explore the relative roles of constraints and control mechanisms in shaping the variation of these traits at various taxonomic levels. This analysis reveals the importance of morphology modification to gain control over vibration transmission to mitigate constraints and essentially promote information transfer. In particular, we hypothesize that morphological computation is used by spiders during vibration information transfer to reduce the amount of processing required by the central nervous system (CNS); a hypothesis that can be tested experimentally in the future. We can take inspiration from how spiders control vibration transmission and apply these insights to bioinspired engineering. In particular, the role of morphological computation for vibration control could open up potential developments for soft robots, which could use multi-scale vibration sensory systems inspired by spiders to quickly and efficiently adapt to changing environments.
Innovation in Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization-Like Receptor and Toll-Like Receptor Sensing Drives the Major Histocompatibility Complex-II Free Atlantic Cod Immune System
Authors: Jin Xingkun , Morro Bernat , Tørresen Ole K. , Moiche Visila , Solbakken Monica H. , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Jentoft Sissel , MacKenzie Simon
Published: December 2020

The absence of MHC class II antigen presentation and multiple pathogen recognition receptors in the Atlantic cod has not impaired its immune response however how underlying mechanisms have adapted remains largely unknown. In this study,ex vivocod macrophages were challenged with various bacterial and viral microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) to identify major response pathways. Cytosolic MAMP-PRR pathways based upon the NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) were identified as the critical response pathways. Our analyses suggest that internalization of exogenous ligands through scavenger receptors drives both pathways activating transcription factors like NF-kB (Nuclear factor-kappa B) and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). Further, ligand-dependent differential expression of a unique TLR25 isoform and multiple NLR paralogues suggests (sub)neofunctionalization toward specific immune defensive strategies. Our results further demonstrate that the unique immune system of the Atlantic cod provides an unprecedented opportunity to explore the evolutionary history of PRR-based signaling in vertebrate immunity.
Role of Nuclear Imaging to Understand the Neural Substrates of Brain Disorders in Laboratory Animals: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: D'Elia Annunziata , Schiavi Sara , Soluri Andrea , Massari Roberto , Soluri Alessandro , Trezza Viviana
Published: December 2020

Molecular imaging, which allows the real-time visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes, is becoming increasingly used in neuroscience research. Scintigraphy techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide qualitative and quantitative measurement of brain activity in both physiological and pathological states. Laboratory animals, and rodents in particular, are essential in neuroscience research, providing plenty of models of brain disorders. The development of innovative high-resolution small animal imaging systems together with their radiotracers pave the way to the study of brain functioning and neurotransmitter release during behavioral tasks in rodents. The assessment of local changes in the release of neurotransmitters associated with the performance of a given behavioral task is a turning point for the development of new potential drugs for psychiatric and neurological disorders. This review addresses the role of SPECT and PET small animal imaging systems for a better understanding of brain functioning in health and disease states. Brain imaging in rodent models faces a series of challenges since it acts within the boundaries of current imaging in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution. Several topics are discussed, including technical considerations regarding the strengths and weaknesses of both technologies. Moreover, the application of some of the radioligands developed for small animal nuclear imaging studies is discussed. Then, we examine the changes in metabolic and neurotransmitter activity in various brain areas during task-induced neural activation with special regard to the imaging of opioid, dopaminergic and cannabinoid receptors. Finally, we discuss the current status providing future perspectives on the most innovative imaging techniques in small laboratory animals. The challenges and solutions discussed here might be useful to better understand brain functioning allowing the translation of preclinical results into clinical applications.
Effect of Joint Friction Compensation on a “Muscle-First” Motor-Assisted Hybrid Neuroprosthesis
Authors: Reyes Ryan-David , Kobetic Rudolf , Nandor Mark , Makowski Nathaniel , Audu Musa , Quinn Roger , Triolo Ronald
Published: December 2020

This study assessed the metabolic energy consumption of walking with the external components of a “Muscle-First” Motor Assisted Hybrid Neuroprosthesis (MAHNP), which combines implanted neuromuscular stimulation with a motorized exoskeleton. The “Muscle-First” approach prioritizes generating motion with the wearer's own muscles via electrical stimulation with the actuators assisting on an as-needed basis. The motorized exoskeleton contributes passive resistance torques at both the hip and knee joints of 6Nm and constrains motions to the sagittal plane. For the muscle contractions elicited by neural stimulation to be most effective, the motorized joints need to move freely when not actively assisting the desired motion. This study isolated the effect of the passive resistance or “friction” added at the joints by the assistive motors and transmissions on the metabolic energy consumption of walking in the device. Oxygen consumption was measured on six able-bodied subjects performing 6 min walk tests at three different speeds (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 m/s) under two different conditions: one with the motors producing no torque to compensate for friction, and the other having the motors injecting power to overcome passive friction based on a feedforward friction model. Average oxygen consumption in the uncompensated condition across all speeds, measured in Metabolic Equivalent of Task (METs), was statistically different than the friction compensated condition. There was an average decrease of 8.8% for METs and 1.9% for heart rate across all speeds. While oxygen consumption was reduced when the brace performed friction compensation, other factors may have a greater contribution to the metabolic energy consumption when using the device. Future studies will assess the effects of gravity compensation on the muscular effort required to lift the weight of the distal segments of the exoskeleton as well as the sagittal plane constraint on walking motions in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI).
Multi-Slice Radiomic Analysis of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Metrics Improves Evaluation of Brain Alterations in Neonates With Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Zhu Meijiao , Zhao Dadi , Wang Ying , Zhou Qinghua , Wang Shujie , Mo Xuming , Yang Ming , Sun Yu
Published: December 2020

Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) can provide phenotypic information of brain lesions, which can aid the diagnosis of brain alterations in neonates with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). However, the corresponding clinical significance of quantitative descriptors of brain tissue remains to be elucidated. By using ADC metrics and texture features, this study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of single-slice and multi-slice measurements for assessing brain alterations in neonates with CHDs. ADC images were acquired from 60 neonates with echocardiographically confirmed non-cyanotic CHDs and 22 healthy controls (HCs) treated at Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2012 to 2016. ADC metrics and texture features for both single and multiple slices of the whole brain were extracted and analyzed to the gestational age. The diagnostic performance of ADC metrics for CHDs was evaluated by using analysis of covariance and receiver operating characteristic. For both the CHD and HC groups, ADC metrics were inversely correlated with the gestational age in single and multi-slice measurements (P < 0.05). Histogram metrics were significant for identifying CHDs (P < 0.05), while textural features were insignificant. Multi-slice ADC (P < 0.01) exhibited greater diagnostic performance for CHDs than single-slice ADC (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that radiomic analysis based on ADC metrics can objectively provide more quantitative information regarding brain development in neonates with CHDs. ADC metrics for the whole brain may be more clinically significant in identifying atypical brain development in these patients. Of note, these results suggest that multi-slice ADC can achieve better diagnostic performance for CHD than single-slice.