bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Starting transient analysis of second throat exhaust diffuser in high-altitude test of a thrust optimized parabolic nozzle
Authors: Fouladi Nematollah , Afkhami Sina , Pasandideh Fard Mahmoud
Published: June 2023

This study presents a combined numerical and experimental investigation of the starting process of a second throat diffuser during ground testing of a thrust-optimized parabolic (TOP). In this investigation, compressed air has been utilized as the operating fluid in a subscale experimental setup. The study examines three scenarios with varying nozzle pressure profile, including two cases of start and one case of un-start. Additionally, this study employs numerical simulations to identify and analyze the physical phenomena that occur at each stage of the start and un-start processes in these cases. The results for the case started at a relatively low nozzle pressure profile (24.5 bar max) indicate that the vacuum generation process during high-altitude testing of TOP nozzles can be broken down into five stages. The first stage involves an increase in pressure within the vacuum chamber during the early moments of the starting process. In the second stage, vacuum generation occurs gradually as the nozzle operates under free shock separation (FSS). This is followed with the reappearance of small fluctuations in the vacuum chamber pressure due to transition from the FSS to restricted shock separation (RSS) flow pattern (third stage). The fourth stage begins with the predominance of the shock separation and recirculation (SSR) flow pattern inside the nozzle, resulting in gradual vacuum generation. This stage terminates upon transformation of the cap shock structure into a regular reflection structure. In the final stage of vacuum generation, the evacuation rate is almost half of the fourth stage. This is attributed to the establishment of expanded and under-expanded conditions, as well as the impingement of the nozzle outflow jet with the wall and the onset of start conditions. Next, the results of vacuum generation have been studied at higher nozzle pressures profile (34 bar max). The results indicate that increasing the nozzle pressure rate not only reduced the starting time by 23%, but also significantly reduced the pressure fluctuations in the evacuation process. In fact, at higher nozzle pressure, the third stage is almost eliminated. In the un-started case, where the nozzle pressure is lower than the minimum starting pressure, fluctuations occur in the vacuum chamber pressure due to the dynamics of the diffuser inlet recirculation bubble and the transition of the nozzle separation pattern from RSS to SSR and vice versa.
Electroporation from mitochondria to cell clusters: Model development toward analyzing electrically driven bioeffects over a large spatial range
Authors: Milestone W. , Baker C. , Garner A. L. , Joshi R. P.
Published: June 2023

A general, self-consistent scheme for analyzing cellular electroporation for bio-medical applications is developed to probe realistic biological shapes and different length scales ranging from nanometers to hundreds of micrometers. The COMSOL Multiphysics suite is used with suitable embellishments to incorporate the details of the electroporation (EP) process and the inherent internal physics. The results are obtained for the voltage pulse driven electroporation for a Jurkat cell with mitochondria (as an example organelle) where spatial dimensions on the order of a few nanometers become important, to hundreds of cells (with Bacillus as an example) where collective effects and mutual interactions can dominate. Thus, scalable computing to generalized geometries with the ability to include complex organelles is made available. The results obtained for mitochondrial EP in Jurkat cells compare well with available data. In addition, quantitative predictions of field attenuation and shielding in Bacillus clusters are made, which point to highly nonuniform field distributions and a strong need to engineer novel electrode designs.
Dynamical approach to the atomic and electronic structures of the ductile semiconductor Ag2S
Authors: Wuliji Hexige , Ma Yupeng , Chen Heyang , Wei Tian-Ran , Zhao Kunpeng , Sun Yi-Yang , Shi Xun
Published: June 2023

Silver sulfide in monoclinic phase (α-Ag2S) has attracted significant attention owing to its metal-like ductility and promising thermoelectric properties near room temperature. However, first-principles studies on this material by density functional theory calculations have been challenging as both the symmetry and atomic structure of α-Ag2S predicted from such calculations are inconsistent with experimental findings. Here, we propose that a dynamical approach is imperative for correctly describing the structure of α-Ag2S. The approach is based on a combination of ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and deliberately chosen density functional considering both proper treatment of the van der Waals interaction and on-site Coulomb interaction. The obtained lattice parameters and atomic site occupations of α-Ag2S are in good agreement with experimental data. A stable phonon spectrum at room temperature can be obtained from this structure, which also yields a bandgap in accord with experimental measurements. The dynamical approach thus paves the way for studying this important ductile semiconductor in not only thermoelectric but also optoelectronic applications.
The regulating effect of twisted angle on the photocatalytic overall water splitting for C3N/C3B heterojunction
Authors: Niu Xianghong , Zhang Xuemei , Shi Anqi , Sun Dazhong , Guan Ruilin , Shan Wenchao , Chi Fengfeng , Li Shasha , Wang Bing , Zhang Xiuyun
Published: June 2023

The construction of van der Waals heterojunctions for photocatalytic overall water splitting is a promising strategy for obtaining clean energy. Good carrier separation, broadened photo-absorption, and efficient catalytic activity are crucial factors remaining significantly challenging. Herein, based on first-principles calculations, taking C3N/C3B as an example, we demonstrate that the suitable twisted angle (θ) formed in the layered structure is an efficient strategy to regulate photocatalytic properties of two-dimensional materials. For the heterojunctions stacked with θ = 19.1° and 40.9°, the layer-to-layer interaction introduced by the moiré pattern provides an electrostatic potential difference of up to 2.1 eV, about 0.8 eV higher than non-twisted. The enhanced built-in electric field not only alleviates the redox potential limit of water splitting but also promotes the transfer of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, the twisted C3N/C3B improves the visible light response by opening the transition channels in the low-energy region. Especially for the difficult four-electron oxygen evolution reaction, the overpotential is reduced from 0.70 to 0.52 V based on the moiré potential, which can be easily conquered for the twisted C3N/C3B with sufficient redox potential. Interlayer torsion provides an effective regulation strategy to improve the photocatalytic overall water splitting performance for metal-free heterojunctions.
Process gas dependence of spin–orbit torque in Pt/NiO/Co structures
Authors: Morita T. , Koyama T. , Chiba D.
Published: June 2023

Recently, to enlarge spin-current-induced phenomena, such as spin–orbit torque (SOT) in a ferromagnet (FM)/heavy-metal (HM) bilayer, enhancement of spin-current transmittance by inserting an antiferromagnetic insulator at the FM/HM interface has been extensively studied. In this study, we have investigated the SOT modulation in a Pt/NiO/Co structure in which the NiO layer was deposited using Ar and Xe process gases. Consequently, the quality of the NiO layer could be regulated. An increase in the damping-like SOT efficiency was observed by inserting the 1 nm NiO layer in the Ar type while it monotonically decreased with an increase in the NiO thickness in the Xe type. Significant temperature dependence of the SOT efficiency in the Ar type indicates that thermal magnon largely contributes to the spin-current propagation. X-ray diffraction measurement result suggests that the difference in crystallinity of the NiO layer between the Ar and Xe types attributes to the different SOT modulations.
Electro-activation to achieve entropy increase of organic cathode for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Hao Xinyi , Ren Zihua , Yan Genghua , Mai Wenjie , Li Jinliang
Published: June 2023

Developing highly stable cathode materials is the key to achieving long-life K-ion batteries (KIBs). Considering that cathode with higher entropy can promote the ion adsorption process, we developed a method with heat treatment and synergistic electro-activation of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (EA-PTCDA) to realize entropy increase in PTCDA, which achieves a stable K-ion storage. From our characterization results, the molecular stacking structure of EA-PTCDA and the C–O and C–H bending vibration at the edge position of PTCDA molecules decreased after electro-activation, indicating the achievement of entropy increase in the EA-PTCDA cathode. After treatment, our EA-PTCDA exhibits a high discharge capacity of 92 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 20 mA g−1 for KIBs. Even at a high current density of 200 mA g−1, our EA-PTCDA also maintains a discharge specific capacity of 66 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles, showing shallow capacity decay. We believe that our method of achieving entropy increase in cathode materials based on electro-activation provides a reference for achieving high-performance KIBs.
Rational understanding of viscoelastic drop impact dynamics on porous surfaces considering rheological properties
Authors: Lee Sang Jun , Kim Kyungmin , Choi Wonjoon
Published: June 2023

Understanding of viscoelastic drop impact on porous solid surfaces emerges as the essential physics for broad industrial and biological systems. However, there have been few studies concerning the post-drop impact transition considering rheological properties and dynamics. Here, we report the post-impact dynamics of viscoelastic drops on porous mesh surfaces using experimental and theoretical analyses. Five concentrations of highly viscous polymer solutions with shear-thinning and viscoelastic characteristics exhibit different rheological properties (viscosity, storage, loss moduli, etc.). These changes in the rheological features result in four distinguishable impact dynamics on two-dimensional mesh surfaces. Viscoelastic drops that exhibit viscoelastic solid properties (storage modulus > loss modulus) resulted in combined elastic solid-like motions and viscous fluid-like motions depending on the impact velocity and anti-penetration effects (such as capillary pressure and yield stress). Meanwhile, decreases in the viscoelastic fluid properties resulted in monotonous viscosity-dominant behaviors. A pressure-balance equation was proposed to theoretically predict the filament column penetration length of viscoelastic solid drops. The theoretical results correlated with the experimentally measured values until necking occurred in the filament column. We believe that this study on viscoelastic drop impact dynamics can shed light on future applications that involve various mechanical behaviors of non-Newtonian fluid drops, such as 3D printing, coating, bio-fluid treatments, and polymeric solutions.
Implementation of physiotherapy-led lung ultrasound in the intensive care unit
Authors: Lockstone Jane , Brain Matt , Zalucki Nadia , Ntoumenopoulos George
Published: June 2023

The use of lung ultrasound (LUS) in clinical settings is emerging as an important tool in the assessment of lung pathology and/or function and has gained considerable acceptance. LUS is being integrated into clinical care by trained respiratory physiotherapists and has been shown to influence physiotherapists’ clinical decision-making in the respiratory management of patients. Considering the use of LUS by physiotherapy is in its infancy and still evolving, there is likely variability in the ability and confidence of physiotherapists to use LUS in clinical practice, both in Australia and internationally. While the UK has had a rapid increase in the number of LUS-accredited physiotherapists (n = 111), the number of LUS-accredited physiotherapists in Australia remains very low (n = 4). There is a growing body of work in the UK on physiotherapy-led LUS in respiratory care, however, there is currently little work published on the practicalities of training and establishing physiotherapy-led LUS in Australia. This report describes the training and implementation of physiotherapy-led LUS in the intensive care unit from a regional hospital perspective.
Lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean
Authors: Schleyer Guy , Kuhlisch Constanze , Ziv Carmit , Ben-Dor Shifra , Malitsky Sergey , Schatz Daniella , Vardi Assaf
Published: June 2023

Marine viruses play a key role in regulating phytoplankton populations, greatly affecting the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients in the ocean. Resistance to viral infection has been reported for various phytoplankton species under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of resistant cells in natural populations is underexplored due to the lack of sensitive tools to detect these rare phenotypes. Consequently, our current understanding of the ecological importance of resistance and its underlying mechanisms is limited. Here, we sought to identify lipid biomarkers for the resistance of the bloom-forming algaEmiliania huxleyito its specific virus,E. huxleyivirus (EhV). By applying an untargeted lipidomics approach, we identified a group of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biomarkers that characterize resistantE. huxleyistrains and were thus termed resistance-specific GSLs (resGSLs). Further, we detected these lipid biomarkers inE. huxleyiisolates collected from inducedE. huxleyiblooms and in samples collected during an open-oceanE. huxleyibloom, indicating that resistant cells predominantly occur during the demise phase of the bloom. Last, we show that the GSL composition ofE. huxleyicultures that recover following infection and gain resistance to the virus resembles that of resistant strains. These findings highlight the metabolic plasticity and coevolution of the GSL biosynthetic pathway and underscore its central part in this host–virus arms race.
Design of the elusive proteinaceous oxygen donor copper site suggests a promising future for copper for MRI contrast agents
Authors: Shah Anokhi , Taylor Michael J. , Molinaro Giulia , Anbu Sellamuthu , Verdu Margaux , Jennings Lucy , Mikulska Iuliia , Diaz-Moreno Sofia , EL Mkami Hassane , Smith Graham M. , Britton Melanie M. , Lovett Janet E. , Peacock Anna F. A.
Published: June 2023

We report the preparation and spectroscopic characterization of a highly elusive copper site bound exclusively to oxygen donor atoms within a protein scaffold. Despite copper generally being considered unsuitable for use in MRI contrast agents, which in the clinic are largely Gd(III) based, the designed copper coiled coil displays relaxivity values equal to, or superior than, those of the Gd(III) analog at clinical field strengths. The creation of this new-to-biology proteinaceous CuO
x
-binding site demonstrates the power of the de novo peptide design approach to access chemistry for abiological applications, such as for the development of MRI contrast agents.
Urban visual intelligence: Uncovering hidden city profiles with street view images
Authors: Fan Zhuangyuan , Zhang Fan , Loo Becky P. Y. , Ratti Carlo
Published: June 2023

A longstanding line of research in urban studies explores how cities can be understood through their appearance. However, what remains unclear is to what extent urban dwellers’ everyday life can be explained by the visual clues of the urban environment. In this paper, we address this question by applying a computer vision model to 27 million street view images across 80 counties in the United States. Then, we use the spatial distribution of notable urban features identified through the street view images, such as street furniture, sidewalks, building façades, and vegetation, to predict the socioeconomic profiles of their immediate neighborhood. Our results show that these urban features alone can account for up to 83% of the variance in people’s travel behavior, 62% in poverty status, 64% in crime, and 68% in health behaviors. The results outperform models based on points of interest (POI), population, and other demographic data alone. Moreover, incorporating urban features captured from street view images can improve the explanatory power of these other methods by 5% to 25%. We propose “urban visual intelligence” as a process to uncover hidden city profiles, infer, and synthesize urban information with computer vision and street view images. This study serves as a foundation for future urban research interested in this process and understanding the role of visual aspects of the city.
Hiding in plain sight: Genome-wide recombination and a dynamic accessory genome drive diversity in
Fusarium oxysporum
f.sp.
ciceris
Authors: Fayyaz Amna , Robinson Guy , Chang Peter L. , Bekele Dagnachew , Yimer Sultan , Carrasquilla-Garcia Noelia , Negash Kassaye , Surendrarao Anandkumar , von Wettberg Eric J. B. , Kemal Seid-Ahmed , Tesfaye Kassahun , Fikre Asnake , Farmer Andrew D. , Cook Douglas R.
Published: June 2023

Understanding the origins of variation in agricultural pathogens is of fundamental interest and practical importance, especially for diseases that threaten food security.
Fusarium oxysporum
is among the most important of soil-borne pathogens, with a global distribution and an extensive host range. The pathogen is considered to be asexual, with horizontal transfer of chromosomes providing an analog of assortment by meiotic recombination. Here, we challenge those assumptions based on the results of population genomic analyses, describing the pathogen’s diversity and inferring its origins and functional consequences in the context of a single, long-standing agricultural system. We identify simultaneously low nucleotide distance among strains, and unexpectedly high levels of genetic and genomic variability. We determine that these features arise from a combination of genome-scale recombination, best explained by widespread sexual reproduction, and presence–absence variation consistent with chromosomal rearrangement. Pangenome analyses document an accessory genome more than twice the size of the core genome, with contrasting evolutionary dynamics. The core genome is stable, with low diversity and high genetic differentiation across geographic space, while the accessory genome is paradoxically more diverse and unstable but with lower genetic differentiation and hallmarks of contemporary gene flow at local scales. We suggest a model in which episodic sexual reproduction generates haplotypes that are selected and then maintained through clone-like dynamics, followed by contemporary genomic rearrangements that reassort the accessory genome among sympatric strains. Taken together, these processes contribute unique genome content, including reassortment of virulence determinants that may explain observed variation in pathogenic potential.
DNA-binding and protein structure of nuclear factors likely acting in genetic information processing in the
Paulinella
chromatophore
Authors: Macorano Luis , Binny Taniya M. , Spiegl Tobias , Klimenko Victoria , Singer Anna , Oberleitner Linda , Applegate Violetta , Seyffert Sarah , Stefanski Anja , Gremer Lothar , Gertzen Christoph G. W. , Höppner Astrid , Smits Sander H. J. , Nowack Eva C. M.
Published: June 2023

The chromatophores in
Paulinella
are evolutionary-early-stage photosynthetic organelles. Biological processes in chromatophores depend on a combination of chromatophore and nucleus-encoded proteins. Interestingly, besides proteins carrying chromatophore-targeting signals, a large arsenal of short chromatophore-targeted proteins (sCTPs; <90 amino acids) without recognizable targeting signals were found in chromatophores. This situation resembles endosymbionts in plants and insects that are manipulated by host-derived antimicrobial peptides. Previously, we identified an expanded family of sCTPs of unknown function, named here “DNA-binding (DB)-sCTPs”. DB-sCTPs contain a ~45 amino acid motif that is conserved in some bacterial proteins with predicted functions in DNA processing. Here, we explored antimicrobial activity, DNA-binding capacity, and structures of three purified recombinant DB-sCTPs. All three proteins exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria involving membrane permeabilization, and bound to bacterial lipids in vitro. A combination of in vitro assays demonstrated binding of recombinant DB-sCTPs to chromatophore-derived genomic DNA sequences with an affinity in the low nM range. Additionally, we report the 1.2 Å crystal structure of one DB-sCTP. In silico docking studies suggest that helix α2 inserts into the DNA major grove and the exposed residues, that are highly variable between different DB-sCTPs, confer interaction with the DNA bases. Identification of photosystem II subunit CP43 as a potential interaction partner of one DB-sCTP, suggests DB-sCTPs to be involved in more complex regulatory mechanisms. We hypothesize that membrane binding of DB-sCTPs is related to their import into chromatophores. Once inside, they interact with the chromatophore genome potentially providing nuclear control over genetic information processing.
Molecular responses during bacterial filamentation reveal inhibition methods of drug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Zhang Dongxue , Yin Fan , Qin Qin , Qiao Liang
Published: June 2023

Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most significant challenges to current human society. Exposing bacteria to antibiotics can activate their self-saving responses, e.g., filamentation, leading to the development of bacterial AMR. Understanding the molecular changes during the self-saving responses can reveal new inhibition methods of drug-resistant bacteria. Herein, we used an online microfluidics mass spectrometry system for real-time characterization of metabolic changes of bacteria during filamentation under the stimulus of antibiotics. Significant pathways, e.g., nucleotide metabolism and coenzyme A biosynthesis, correlated to the filamentation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli
(ESBL-
E. coli
) were identified. A cyclic dinucleotide, c-di-GMP, which is derived from nucleotide metabolism and reported closely related to bacterial resistance and tolerance, was observed significantly up-regulated during the bacterial filamentation. By using a chemical inhibitor, ebselen, to inhibit diguanylate cyclases which catalyzes the synthesis of c-di-GMP, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone against ESBL-
E. coli
was significantly decreased. This inhibitory effect was also verified with other ESBL-
E. coli
strains and other beta-lactam antibiotics, i.e., ampicillin. A mutant strain of ESBL-
E. coli
by knocking out the
dgcM
gene was used to demonstrate that the inhibition of the antibiotic resistance to beta-lactams by ebselen was mediated through the inhibition of the diguanylate cyclase DgcM and the modulation of c-di-GMP levels. Our study uncovers the molecular changes during bacterial filamentation and proposes a method to inhibit antibiotic-resistant bacteria by combining traditional antibiotics and chemical inhibitors against the enzymes involved in bacterial self-saving responses.
Rubber-like elasticity in laser-driven free surface flow of a Newtonian fluid
Authors: Kayanattil Meghanad , Huang Zhipeng , Gitaric Djordje , Epp Sascha W.
Published: June 2023

The energy needed to deform an elastic solid may be recovered, while in Newtonian fluids, like water and glycerol, deformation energy dissipates on timescales of the intermolecular relaxation time

τ
M

 . For times considerably longer than

τ
M

the existence of shear elasticity requires long-range correlations, which challenge our understanding of the liquid state. We investigated laser-driven free surface bubbles in liquid glycerol by analyzing their expansion and bursting dynamics, in which we found a flow-dominating, rubber-like elasticity unrelated to surface tension forces. In extension to findings of a measurable liquid elasticity at even very low deformation frequencies [L. Noirez, P. Baroni,
J. Mol. Struct.
972
, 16–21 (2010), A. Zaccone, K. Trachenko,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
117
, 19653–19655 (2020)], that is difficult to access under increased strain, we find a robust, strain rate driven elasticity. The recovery of deformation energy allows the bursting bubble to reach Taylor–Culick velocities 20-fold higher than expected. The elasticity is persistent for microseconds, hence four orders of magnitude longer than

τ
M

 . The dynamic shows that this persistence cannot originate from the far tail of a distribution of relaxation times around

τ
M

but must appear by frustrating the short molecular dissipation. The longer time should be interpreted as a relaxation of collective modes of metastable groups of molecules. With strain rates of 10
6
s
−1
, we observe a metastable glycerol shell exhibiting a rubber-like solid behavior with similar elasticity values and characteristic tolerance toward large strains, although the molecular interaction is fundamentally different.
Antisense oligonucleotide rescue of CGG expansion–dependent
FMR1
mis-splicing in fragile X syndrome restores FMRP
Authors: Shah Sneha , Sharp Kevin J. , Raju Ponny Sithara , Lee Jonathan , Watts Jonathan K. , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Richter Joel D.
Published: June 2023

Aberrant alternative splicing of mRNAs results in dysregulated gene expression in multiple neurological disorders. Here, we show that hundreds of mRNAs are incorrectly expressed and spliced in white blood cells and brain tissues of individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Surprisingly, the
FMR1 (Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1)
gene is transcribed in >70% of the FXS tissues. In all
FMR1
-expressing FXS tissues,
FMR1
RNA itself is mis-spliced in a CGG expansion–dependent manner to generate the little-known
FMR1
-217 RNA isoform, which is comprised of
FMR1
exon 1 and a pseudo-exon in intron 1.
FMR1
-217 is also expressed in FXS premutation carrier–derived skin fibroblasts and brain tissues. We show that in cells aberrantly expressing mis-spliced
FMR1
, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment reduces
FMR1
-217, rescues full-length
FMR1
RNA, and restores FMRP (Fragile X Messenger RibonucleoProtein) to normal levels. Notably,
FMR1
gene reactivation in transcriptionally silent FXS cells using 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AzadC), which prevents DNA methylation, increases
FMR1
-217 RNA levels but not FMRP. ASO treatment of cells prior to 5-AzadC application rescues full-length
FMR1
expression and restores FMRP. These findings indicate that misregulated RNA-processing events in blood could serve as potent biomarkers for FXS and that in those individuals expressing
FMR1-217
, ASO treatment may offer a therapeutic approach to mitigate the disorder.
Magnetite nanoparticle coating chemistry regulates root uptake pathways and iron chlorosis in plants
Authors: Sun Xiao-Dong , Ma Jing-Ya , Feng Li-Juan , Duan Jian-Lu , Xie Xiao-Min , Zhang Xiao-Han , Kong Xiangpei , Ding Zhaojun , Yuan Xian-Zheng
Published: June 2023

Understanding the fundamental interaction of nanoparticles at plant interfaces is critical for reaching field-scale applications of nanotechnology-enabled plant agriculture, as the processes between nanoparticles and root interfaces such as root compartments and root exudates remain largely unclear. Here, using iron deficiency–induced plant chlorosis as an indicator phenotype, we evaluated the iron transport capacity of Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles coated with citrate (CA) or polyacrylic acid (PAA) in the plant rhizosphere. Both nanoparticles can be used as a regulator of plant hormones to promote root elongation, but they regulate iron deficiency in plant in distinctive ways. In acidic root exudates secreted by iron-deficient
Arabidopsis thaliana
, CA-coated particles released fivefold more soluble iron by binding to acidic exudates mainly through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces and thus, prevented iron chlorosis more effectively than PAA-coated particles. We demonstrate through roots of mutants and visualization of pH changes that acidification of root exudates primarily originates from root tips and the synergistic mode of nanoparticle uptake and transformation in different root compartments. The nanoparticles entered the roots mainly through the epidermis but were not affected by lateral roots or root hairs. Our results show that magnetic nanoparticles can be a sustainable source of iron for preventing leaf chlorosis and that nanoparticle surface coating regulates this process in distinctive ways. This information also serves as an urgently needed theoretical basis for guiding the application of nanomaterials in agriculture.
Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 is dynamically regulated in leader cells during collective cancer invasion
Authors: Zhu Ninghao , Ahmed Mona , Li Yanlin , Liao Joseph C. , Wong Pak Kin
Published: June 2023

Cancer cells collectively invade using a leader–follower organization, but the regulation of leader cells during this dynamic process is poorly understood. Using a dual double-stranded locked nucleic acid (LNA) nanobiosensor that tracks long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) dynamics in live single cells, we monitored the spatiotemporal distribution of lncRNA during collective cancer invasion. We show that the lncRNA MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is dynamically regulated in the invading fronts of cancer cells and patient-derived spheroids. MALAT1 transcripts exhibit distinct abundance, diffusivity, and distribution between leader and follower cells. MALAT1 expression increases when a cancer cell becomes a leader and decreases when the collective migration process stops. Transient knockdown of MALAT1 prevents the formation of leader cells and abolishes the invasion of cancer cells. Taken together, our single-cell analysis suggests that MALAT1 is dynamically regulated in leader cells during collective cancer invasion.
Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead). [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: June 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead). Hymenoptera: Eulophidae. Host:
Eucalyptus species
, including red gum (
E. camaldulensis
) and Tasmanianblue gum (
E. globulus
).
Dynamis borassi (Fabricius). [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: June 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Dynamis borassi (Fabricius). Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae. Hosts: peach palm (
Bactris gasipaes
), açai palm (
Euterpe oleracea
), oil palm (
Elaeis guineensis
) and other Arecaceae.
Russelliana solanicola Tuthill. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: June 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Russelliana solanicola Tuthill. Hemiptera: Psyllidae. Main host: potato (
Solanum tuberosum
).
The Dark Side of Gay Tourism: (Half-)naked Bodies, Race, Precarity and Sexual Harassment
Authors: Anastasios Hadjisolomou , Dennis Nickson , Tom Baum
Published: June 2023

This case study focuses on the gay tourism industry in Gran Canaria and Sitges. These destinations in Spain offer a niche of service organizations intended for and marketed to gay customers. It discusses the sexualization and commodification of employees’ appearance (also known as sexualized aesthetic labour) and sexual harassment by customers. Specifically, the case study presents the experiences of hospitality workers, focusing mainly on migrant workers of colour, whose appearance and racial characteristics are commodified by employers to attract customers. This process of commodification leads to customers subsequently harassing employees leading to widespread third-party sexual harassment.

Information

© The Authors 2023
Exploring the Case The Dark side of Gay Tourism: (Half-)naked Bodies, Race, Precarity and Sexual Harassment
Authors: Anastasios Hadjisolomou , Dennis Nickson , Tom Baum
Published: June 2023

Introduction

This case study discusses the gay tourism industry, focusing on the sexualization and commodification of employees’ appearance (also known as sexualized aesthetic labour) and sexual harassment by customers. These issues are particularly important for vulnerable migrant workers, and workers of colour, whose race and appearance are exploited by employers as a tool to attract customers, neglecting the impact this has on workers’ safety and well-being.
Reaction mechanism for atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of cysteine in solution
Authors: Polito Jordyn , Herrera Quesada María J , Stapelmann Katharina , Kushner Mark J
Published: June 2023

Mechanisms for the cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment of cells in solution are needed for more optimum design of plasma devices for wound healing, cancer treatment, and bacterial inactivation. However, the complexity of organic molecules on cell membranes makes understanding mechanisms that result in modifications (i.e. oxidation) of such compounds difficult. As a surrogate to these systems, a reaction mechanism for the oxidation of cysteine in CAP activated water was developed and implemented in a 0-dimensional (plug-flow) global plasma chemistry model with the capability of addressing plasma-liquid interactions. Reaction rate coefficients for organic reactions in water were estimated based on available data in the literature or by analogy to gas-phase reactions. The mechanism was validated by comparison to experimental mass-spectrometry data for COST-jets sustained in He/O2, He/H2O and He/N2/O2 mixtures treating cysteine in water. Results from the model were used to determine the consequences of changing COST-jet operating parameters, such as distance from the substrate and inlet gas composition, on cysteine oxidation product formation. Results indicate that operating parameters can be adjusted to select for desired cysteine oxidation products, including nitrosylated products.
Third-order square-root topological insulators on decorated diamond sonic crystals
Authors: Geng Zhi-Guo , Shen Ya-Xi , Duan Liwei , Chen Zhaojiang , Zhu Xue-Feng
Published: June 2023

The square-root operation can generate novel topological phases, whose nontrivial topological properties are inherited from the parent Hamiltonian. Here we report the acoustic realization of third-order square-root topological insulators by adding additional resonators between the site resonators of original diamond lattice. Due to the square-root operation, multiple acoustic localized modes appear in doubled bulk gaps. The bulk polarizations of the tight-binding models are employed to reveal the topological feature of the higher-order topological states. By tuning the coupling strength, we find the emergence of third-order topological corner states in doubled bulk gaps on tetrahedron-like and rhombohedron-like sonic crystals, respectively. The shape dependence of square-root corner states provides an extra degree of freedom for flexible manipulation on the sound localization. Furthermore, the robustness of the corner states in three-dimensional (3D) square-root topological insulator is well elucidated by introducing random disorders into the irrelevant bulk region of the proposed 3D lattices. This work extends square-root higher-order topological states into 3D system, and may find possible applications in selective acoustic sensors.
Effect of white noise on roughness measurements of self-affine fractals
Authors: Kizu Ryosuke , Misumi Ichiko , Hirai Akiko , Gonda Satoshi , Takahashi Satoru
Published: June 2023

This study formulated and clarified the presentation of the noise-related error terms in the power spectral density (PSD) and height–height correlation function (HHCF) through a roughness analysis of self-affine fractals. Assuming the noise as white noise, this study simulated the PSD and HHCF of the noisy roughness profile in a typical situation: line-edge roughness measurements involved in semiconductor lithography technology. It was found that conventional noise-correction techniques can bias the PSD/HHCF from those of the true roughness profiles because they do not account for the residual noise-induced error. The findings obtained from the roughness analysis and simulation techniques are expected to benefit various applications, such as clarifying the quantitative residual error in specific situations, selecting the optimum analysis method (PSD or HHCF), estimating the required number of averaged profiles (measurements) that yields sufficiently small noise errors, and considering strategies for noise reduction.
Exploiting subspace constraints and ab initio variational methods for quantum chemistry
Authors: Gustiani Cica , Meister Richard , Benjamin Simon C
Published: June 2023

Variational methods offer a highly promising route to exploiting quantum computers for chemistry tasks. Here we employ methods described in a sister paper to the present report, entitled exploring ab initio machine synthesis of quantum circuits, in order to solve problems using adaptively evolving quantum circuits. Consistent with prior authors we find that this approach can outperform human-designed circuits such as the coupled-cluster or hardware-efficient ansätze, and we make comparisons for larger instances up to 14 qubits Moreover we introduce a novel approach to constraining the circuit evolution in the physically relevant subspace, finding that this greatly improves performance and compactness of the circuits. We consider both static and dynamics properties of molecular systems. The emulation environment used is QuESTlink all resources are open source and linked from this paper.
The Large Array Survey Telescope—System Overview and Performances
Authors: Ofek E. O. , Ben-Ami S. , Polishook D. , Segre E. , Blumenzweig A. , Strotjohann N.-L. , Yaron O. , Shani Y. M. , Nachshon S. , Shvartzvald Y. , Hershko O. , Engel M. , Segre M. , Segev N. , Zimmerman E. , Nir G. , Judkovsky Y. , Gal-Yam A. , Zackay B. , Waxman E. , Kushnir D. , Chen P. , Azaria R. , Manulis I. , Diner O. , Vandeventer B. , Franckowiak A. , Weimann S. , Borowska J. , Garrappa S. , Zenin A. , Fallah Ramazani V. , Konno R. , Küsters D. , Sadeh I. , Parsons R. D. , Berge D. , Kowalski M. , Ohm S. , Arcavi I. , Bruch R.
Published: June 2023

The Large Array Survey Telescope (LAST) is a wide-field visible-light telescope array designed to explore the variable and transient sky with a high cadence. LAST will be composed of 48, 28 cm f/2.2 telescopes (32 already installed) equipped with full-frame backside-illuminated cooled CMOS detectors. Each telescope provides a field of view (FoV) of 7.4 deg2 with 1.″25 pix−1, while the system FoV is 355 deg2 in 2.9 Gpix. The total collecting area of LAST, with 48 telescopes, is equivalent to a 1.9 m telescope. The cost-effectiveness of the system (i.e., probed volume of space per unit time per unit cost) is about an order of magnitude higher than most existing and under-construction sky surveys. The telescopes are mounted on 12 separate mounts, each carrying four telescopes. This provides significant flexibility in operating the system. The first LAST system is under construction in the Israeli Negev Desert, with 32 telescopes already deployed. We present the system overview and performances based on the system commissioning data. The B
p 5σ limiting magnitude of a single 28 cm telescope is about 19.6 (21.0), in 20 s (20 × 20 s). Astrometric two-axes precision (rms) at the bright-end is about 60 (30) mas in 20 s (20 × 20 s), while absolute photometric calibration, relative to GAIA, provides ∼10 millimag accuracy. Relative photometric precision, in a single 20 s (320 s) image, at the bright-end measured over a timescale of about 60 minutes is about 3 (1) millimag. We discuss the system science goals, data pipelines, and the observatory control system in companion publications.
Impact of short-term and long-term energy storage units on power system operation economy: A parametric linear programming method
Authors: Lv Qi , Zhou Min , Zheng Boshen , Zhang Chongbiao , Wei Wei
Published: June 2023

This paper evaluates the economic impact of short-term and long-term energy storage capacity on power system operation cost. First, the unit commitment (UC) model with short-term and long-term energy storage comprising a year-round hourly operation simulation is established to minimize the optimal operation cost. By introducing the convex hull of the original feasible region of decision variables, the integer variables in UC model are relaxed as continuous variables, transforming the UC problem as a linear programming (LP). Then, by regarding the power and energy capacities as parameters, the LP is cast as a multiparametric linear programming (mp-LP), where the optimal value function (OVF) is explicitly expressed as a piecewise linear function of the capacity parameters. An approximation method is used to calculate the analytical optimal value function and critical regions. The analytical expression of OVF contains rich sensitivity information. Finally, case studies validate our proposed method and provide visualization results. The sensitivity information of analytical OVF is exploited. As a potential application, the economic evaluation results could be applied in energy storage capacity sizing.
Efficiency Optimization of Asynchronous Motor with Particle Swarm Algorithm Incorporating Parameter Identification
Authors: Tong Di , Guo Zhen , Zhao Yan-cheng , Chen Shuang , Nai Ji-qiu , Ye Ming-hao
Published: June 2023

Asynchronous motors are commonly utilized in industrial and agricultural production due to their inexpensive manufacturing cost and reliable structure. However, due to the demands of production and everyday usage, these motors may be operated at no or light load for long periods of time, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the motor system. A model-referenced adaptive parameter identification in combination with a particle swarm algorithm is proposed in this paper to enhance the operating efficiency of asynchronous motors. This control strategy can reduce motor power loss and improve efficiency. Simulation model is established and simulation results are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy for optimizing the efficiency of asynchronous motors.
Study on Abnormal Heat of Polymeric Insulators on Coastal Power Transmission Line
Authors: Hu Junhua , Yin Jungang , Xu Hua , Zhou Yangyang , Wu Huiling , Wang Senlin , Pan Shuyan
Published: June 2023

Heating at the high-voltage end has become one of the most frequent defects on polymeric insulators in service, particularly in humid and hot regions. Recent case surveys show that some highly overheated sample insulators survive almost all the standardized lab tests, which could not be fully explained by common related heating factors, including the fracture defects, superficial wet pollution, water absorption and moisture of polymeric housing, uneven sunlight, etc. In this paper, we try to find an alternative perspective to explain the temperature rise in the order of 10°C by studying the relationship between the heat at the high-voltage end and the degree of corrosion on a cast aluminum grading ring.
Peaking Capacity Market Design and its Demand Evaluation Method
Authors: Geng Lin , Zhang Lei , Xu Danlei , Meng Fanlin , Shi Puxin
Published: June 2023

In order to achieve the major strategic goal of carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060, a new power system with new energy should be built to create a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, and further promote the construction of the power market. It is necessary to build a peaking capacity market to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid. In the paper, a peaking capacity market mechanism is designed to encourage thermal power units to strengthen equipment transformation, operation and maintenance, and reduce the unscheduled shutdown of thermal power units. Key processes of the market including market demand evaluation, bidding, clearing, settlement are introduced. Based on the market operation, the power generation capacity of thermal power resources is expected to be fully enhanced during peaking periods of power system to ensure the system-wise capacity adequacy.
Remote Sensing Ship Detection and Classification Based on Improved BBAVectors Algorithm
Authors: Zeng Youran , Yu Haiyan , Wang Jie
Published: June 2023

In recent years, most of remote sensing object detection algorithms only pursue higher detection accuracy, which use two-stage anchor-based networks. However, the two-stage anchor-based network usually has many parameters, complex calculation, and low detection speed, which is not suitable for object detection tasks with real-time requirements. BBAVectors is a network based on the one-stage anchor-free type CenterNet architecture. It has a fast detection speed, but the detection accuracy is far lower than the current high-precision remote sensing object detectors. In order to improve the detection accuracy of BBAVectors so that it can be better used in real-time remote sensing ship detection and classification, we propose the BBAV-ACPP. Based on the BBAVectors architecture, we add the Coordinate Attention Module and modify the center point representation. The proposed BBAV-ACPP architecture is trained and tested on the public remote sensing ship dataset HRSC 2016. Experiments show that the proposed BBAV-ACPP architecture can improve the detection accuracy while maintaining a fast detection speed. In some remote sensing ship detection tasks with real-time requirements, BBAV-ACPP can detect ship targets quickly and accurately.
Research on collaborative planning model of main distribution network frame structure and distributed power generation
Authors: Ren Xiaofeng , Wang Dong , Gao Hailong , Yang Pei , Li Jinghao
Published: June 2023

The electric power industry is going through a relatively large transformation period of energy development, and new electric power equipment such as distributed power supply has emerged as the times require. However, there is often a problem of insufficient coordination between the grid frame and distributed power in the main distribution network. This paper starts with the two main stakeholders, namely, the distributed generation operator and the distribution system operator, to build a two-level collaborative planning model for the main distribution network. With the help of particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm with improved constraint factors, the model is solved. In the optimization process, two different scenarios are set, including and not including the distributed generation output, for comparative analysis, the comprehensive cost of the collaborative planning model with distributed generation output is less than that of the collaborative planning model with traditional generation output. The results show that the model in this paper can not only optimize the overall line, but also reduce the excessive investment of the main distribution network, which is more in line with the future development of my country’s power industry, can improve the profits of related enterprises, and achieve a win-win effect.
Visible Joint Classification and Temporal Segment Matching based 3D Pose Refinement for Volleyball Receive Analysis
Authors: Shang Xiaoyu , Liu Yanchao , Cheng Xina , Ikenaga Takeshi
Published: June 2023

Receive action pose analysis is very meaningful in volleyball games for training and strategy. Because receive action is lack high-quality labeled data sets and with problems like occlusion, body overlap, and abnormal pose. Conventional work fails to obtain high accurate pose results. This paper proposes visible joint refinement and receive action template matching for volleyball receive action analysis. Firstly, the visible joint is using pixel color feature and the potential constraint features between space and joints to classify the visible joint and refine the error visible joint. Secondly, the template is to realize the pose segment refinement at 3D level by matching. It is based on a multi-view system for a real volleyball competition scene. The dataset video is from the Game of 2014 Japan Inter High School of Men Volleyball. The experiment result achieves 95.33 %, 96.92 %, and 98.43 % success rate at the 30 mm, 50 mm, and 70 mm error ranges.