bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias
Authors: Katritsis Demosthenes G. , Gersh Bernard J. , Camm A. John
Published: August 2017

Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias are due to accessory atrioventricular pathways that may be overt (i.e. Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome) or concealed. Diagnosis and indications for catheter ablation are presented.
Brugada syndrome
Authors: Katritsis Demosthenes G. , Gersh Bernard J. , Camm A. John
Published: August 2017

The Brugada syndrome is defined, and its epidemiology and diagnosis are discussed. Current evidence on risk stratification and optimum management of patients is provided.
Sinus nodal disease
Authors: Katritsis Demosthenes G. , Gersh Bernard J. , Camm A. John
Published: August 2017

Sinus bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, and indications for permanent pacing are discussed. The ACC/AHA/HRS and ESC recommendations are presented.
Syncope
Authors: Katritsis Demosthenes G. , Gersh Bernard J. , Camm A. John
Published: August 2017

Classification of syncope and diagnostic approach to patients are discussed. Recommendation on therapy by the ESC and ACC/AHA are summarized and presented.
Pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease and lung disease, high-altitude disease, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Katritsis Demosthenes G. , Gersh Bernard J. , Camm A. John
Published: August 2017

Conditions discussed are hypertension associated with left heart disease and lung disease, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Engaging Nurses in Optimizing Antimicrobial Use in ICUs
Authors: Jeffs Lianne , Law Madelyn P. , Zahradnik Michelle , Steinberg Marilyn , Maione Maria , Jorgoni Linda , Bell Chaim M. , Morris Andrew M.
Published: August 2017

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have predominately involved infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists with little attention to the nurses. To achieve optimal success of ASPs, engagement of nurses to actively participate in initiatives, strategies, and solutions to combat antibiotic resistance across the health care spectrum is required. In this context, the experiences of local ASP teams engaging nurses in appropriate antimicrobial use were explored to inform future strategies to enhance their involvement in ASPs.
Implementing Comprehensive Primary Care Referral Tracking in a Patient-Centered Medical Home
Authors: Spahr Jenny , Coddington Jennifer , Edwards Nancy , McComb Sara
Published: August 2017

The Patient-Centered Medical Home care model emphasizes efficient, coordinated care distributed among interdisciplinary team members. One key function to care coordination is referral/test tracking. This study evaluated the referral practices in a nurse-managed Patient-Centered Medical Home primary care clinic. The major findings corroborate the need for a well-organized referral-tracking system that is centralized and contains safety nets to reduce the number of delayed or missed referrals.
Factors Associated With Removal of Urinary Catheters After Surgery
Authors: Read Catherine Y. , Shindul-Rothschild Judith , Flanagan Jane , Stamp Kelly D.
Published: August 2017

Publicly available data from the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services were used to analyze factors associated with removal of the urinary catheter within 48 hours after surgery in 59 Massachusetts hospitals. Three factors explained 36% of the variance in postoperative urinary catheter removal: fewer falls per 1000 discharges, better nurse-patient communication, and higher percentage of Medicare patients. Timely urinary catheter removal was significantly greater in hospitals with more licensed nursing hours per patient day.
The DAISY Award
Authors: Sweeney Cynthia Divens
Published: August 2017

What does it mean to patients and families to recognize the extraordinary and compassionate care provided by amazing nurses? The triple aim framework of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement includes the patient/family experience as 1 of the 3 targets contributing to better healthcare outcomes. In this column, the perspective of recognizing “their” nurse with The DAISY Award will be shared by a patient’s family.
Guiding Principles for Creating Value and Meaning for the Next Generation of Nurse Leaders
Authors: Martin Erik , Warshawsky Nora
Published: August 2017

The wave of retirements is beginning to hit nursing, taking a toll on our cadre of nursing leaders. Ongoing healthcare reform is adding to the stress burden and exerting an effect on nurse leader turnover. The next generation of leaders will likely come from our millennial nurses, who have different attitudes toward work than previous generations. The AONE assembled a panel of experts to create guidelines to assist nurse executives in recruiting the next generation of talent into formal leadership roles.
Structural basis for terminal loop recognition and processing of pri-miRNA-18a by hnRNP A1
Authors: Kooshapur Hamed , Choudhury Nila Roy , Simon Bernd , Mühlbauer Max , Jussupow Alexander , Fernandez Noemi , Dallmann Andre , Gabel Frank , Camilloni Carlo , Michlewski Gracjan , Caceres Javier F. , Sattler Michael
Published: August 2017

Post-transcriptional mechanisms play a predominant role in the control of microRNA (miRNA) production. Recognition of the terminal loop of precursor miRNAs by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) influences their processing; however, the mechanistic and structural basis for how levels of individual or subsets of miRNAs are regulated is mostly unexplored. We previously described a role for hnRNP A1, an RBP implicated in many aspects of RNA processing, as an auxiliary factor that promotes the Microprocessor-mediated processing of pri-mir-18a. Here, we reveal the mechanistic basis for this stimulatory role of hnRNP A1 by combining integrative structural biology with biochemical and functional assays. We demonstrate that hnRNP A1 forms a 1:1 complex with pri-mir-18a that involves binding of both RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) to cognate RNA sequence motifs in the conserved terminal loop of pri-mir-18a. Terminal loop binding induces an allosteric destabilization of base-pairing in the pri-mir-18a stem that promotes its down-stream processing. Our results highlight terminal loop RNA recognition by RNA-binding proteins as a general principle of miRNA biogenesis and regulation.
Population coding of grasp and laterality-related information in the macaque fronto-parietal network
Authors: Michaels Jonathan A , Scherberger Hansjörg
Published: August 2017

Preparing and executing grasping movements demands the coordination of sensory information across multiple scales. The position of an object, required hand shape, and which of our hands to extend must all be coordinated in parallel. The network formed by the macaque anterior intraparietal area (AIP) and hand area (F5) of the ventral premotor cortex is essential in the generation of grasping movements. Yet, the role of this circuit in hand selection is unclear. We recorded from 1342 single- and multi-units in AIP and F5 of two macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during a delayed grasping task in which monkeys were instructed by a visual cue to perform power or precision grips on a handle presented in five different orientations with either the left or right hand, as instructed by an auditory tone. In AIP, intended hand use was only weakly represented during preparation, while hand use was robustly present in F5 during preparation. Interestingly, visual-centric handle orientation information dominated AIP, while F5 contained an additional body-centric frame during preparation and movement. Together, our results implicate F5 as a site of visuo-motor transformation and advocate a strong transition between hand-invariant and hand-specific representations in this parieto-frontal circuit.
Accurate detection of low-level somatic mutations with technical replication for next-generation sequencing
Authors: Kim Junho , Kim Dachan , Lim Jae Seok , Maeng Ju Heon , Son Hyeonju , Kang Hoon-Chul , Nam Hojung , Lee Jeong Ho , Kim Sangwoo
Published: August 2017

Accurate genome-wide detection of somatic mutations with low variant allele frequency (VAF, <1%) has proven difficult, for which generalized, scalable methods are lacking. Herein, we describe a new computational method, called RePlow that we developed to detect low-VAF somatic mutations based on simple, library-level replicates for next-generation sequencing on any platform. Through joint analysis of replicates, RePlow is able to remove prevailing background errors in next-generation sequencing analysis, facilitating remarkable improvement in the detection accuracy for low-VAF somatic mutations (up to ∼99% reduction in false positives). The method was validated in independent cancer panel and brain tissue sequencing data. Our study suggests a new paradigm with which to exploit an overwhelming abundance of sequencing data for accurate variant detection.
A role for the Smc3 hinge domain in the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
Authors: Robison Brett , Guacci Vincent , Koshland Douglas
Published: August 2017

Cohesin is a conserved protein complex required for sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, DNA damage repair, and regulation of transcription. Although cohesin functions to tether DNA duplexes, the contribution of its individual domains to this activity remains poorly understood. We interrogated the Smc3p subunit of cohesin by random insertion mutagenesis. Analysis of a mutant in the Smc3p hinge revealed an unexpected role for this domain in cohesion maintenance and condensation. Further investigation revealed that the Smc3p hinge functions at a step following cohesin’s stable binding to chromosomes and independently of Smc3p’s regulation by the Eco1p acetyltransferase. Hinge mutant phenotypes resemble loss of Pds5p, which binds opposite the hinge near Smc3p’s head domain. We propose that a specific conformation of the Smc3p hinge and Pds5p cooperate to promote cohesion maintenance and condensation.
Nonivasive prenatal diagnosis of single-gene disorders using droplet digital PCR
Authors: Camunas-Soler Joan , Lee Hojae , Hudgins Louanne , Hintz Susan R. , Blumenfeld Yair J. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Quake Stephen R.
Published: August 2017

Background

Prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies at risk of single-gene disorders is currently performed using invasive methods such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. This is in contrast with screening for common aneuploidies, for which noninvasive methods with a single maternal blood sample have become standard clinical practice.

Methods

We developed a protocol for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of inherited single gene disorders using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma. First, the amount of cfDNA and fetal fraction are determined using a panel of Taqman assays targeting high-variability SNPs. Second, the ratio of healthy and diseased alleles in maternal plasma are quantified using Taqman assays targeting the mutations carried by the parents. Two validation approaches of the mutation assay are presented.

Results

We collected blood samples from 9 pregnancies at risk for different single gene disorders including common conditions and rare metabolic disorders. We measured cases at risk of hemophilia, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, cystic fibrosis, β-thalassemia, mevalonate kinase deficiency, acetylcholine receptor deficiency and DFNB1 nonsyndromic hearing loss. We correctly differentiated affected and unaffected pregnancies (2 affected, 7 unaffected), confirmed by neonatal testing. We successfully measured an affected pregnancy as early as week 11, and with a fetal fraction as low as 3.7±0.3%.

Conclusion

Our method detects single nucleotide mutations of autosomal recessive diseases as early as the first trimester of pregnancy. This is of importance for metabolic disorders where early diagnosis can affect management of the disease and reduce complications and anxiety related to invasive testing.
Demarcating the anatomical structure of the claustrum: piecing together a new functional puddle
Authors: Dillingham Christopher M , Frost Bethany E , Jankowski Maciej M , Lambert Marie AC , O’Mara Shane M
Published: August 2017

Background:

A major obstacle in the understanding of the functional anatomy of the claustrum has been, and continues to be, the contradiction surrounding its anatomical boundary and, in particular, its rostral (i.e. anterior to striatum), extent. In a recent review we highlighted gene expression-based evidence from the mouse brain which lends weight to the idea that the anatomical boundary of the claustrum does in fact extend rostral to the anterior apex of the striatum. In light of this evidence, in the present study, we have examined the expression of two genes that have previously been identified as having differential expression in the mouse claustrum, with the aim of: 1, establishing the true neuroanatomical boundaries of the rat claustrum; and 2, determining the efficacy of claustral marker expression in the histological verification of claustral electrode placement following electrophysiological recordings in awake behaving rats.

Methods:

The expression profiles of two genes, crystallin mu (Crym) and guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2 (Gng2) were assessed immunohistochemically in five male rats (one Wistar Kyoto (WK) and four Lister hooded (LH)). Prior to histological analysis, two of the rats had undergone surgical implantation of tetrodes targeting the putative rostral claustrum.

Results:

In results that are consistent with those we have previously described in the mouse brain, expression of Crym in the rat brain was highly attenuated, or absent, in the claustrum, demarcating a nuclear boundary that extended considerably beyond the anterior apex of the striatum. In concordance, enriched expression of Gng2 was found in the claustrum, again extending equivalently rostral to the anterior apex of the striatum. The expression of claustral marker genes is a highly effective tool in the verification of electrophysiological electrode placement. Electrophysiological recordings from within this Gng2 and Crym-defined boundary of the rostral claustrum support previous reports of a spatial map in the rostral claustrum.

Conclusions:

It is now clear that the anatomical boundary of the rat claustrum does in fact extend into more frontal regions of the brain than has previously been asserted. The importance of these findings are considered in the context of the regional specificity of claustral function, anatomical connectivity and electrophysiological properties.
Computational Re-Design of Synthetic Genetic Oscillators for Independent Amplitude and Frequency Modulation
Authors: Tomazou M. , Barahona M. , Polizzi K. , Stan G.-B.
Published: August 2017

Engineering robust and tuneable genetic clocks is a topic of current interest in Systems and Synthetic Biology with wide applications in biotechnology. Synthetic genetic oscillators share a common structure based on a negative feedback loop with a time delay, and generally display only limited tuneability. Recently, the dual-feedback oscillator was demonstrated to be robust and tuneable, to some extent, by the use of chemical inducers. Yet no engineered genetic oscillator currently allows for theindependentmodulation of amplitude and period. In this work, we demonstrate computationally how recent advances in tuneable synthetic degradation can be used to decouple the frequency and amplitude modulation in synthetic genetic oscillators. We show how the range of tuneability can be increased by connecting additional input dials, e.g. orthogonal transcription factors that respond to chemical, temperature or even light signals. Modelling and numerical simulations predict that our proposed re-designs enable amplitude tuning without period modulation, coupled modulation of both period and amplitude, or period adjustment with near-constant amplitude. We illustrate our work through computational re-designs of both the dual-feedback oscillator and the repressilator, and show that the repressilator is more flexible and can allow for independent amplitude and near-independent period modulation.
School health is community health: school nursing in the early twentieth century in the USA
Authors: Apple Rima D.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of school nursing in the USA in the early decades of the twentieth century, highlighting the linkages between schools and public health and the challenges nurses faced.

Design/methodology/approach

This historical essay examines the discussions about school nursing and school nurses’ descriptions of their work.

Findings

In the Progressive period, though the responsibilities of school nurse were never clearly defined, nurses quickly became accepted, respected members of the school, with few objecting to their practices. Nonetheless, nurses consistently faced financial complications that limited, and continue to limit, their effectiveness in schools and communities.

Originality/value

Few histories of school health have documented the critical role nurses have played and their important, although contested, position today. This paper points to the obstacles restricting the development of dynamic school nurse programs today.
Domestic responsibilities as predictors of labour market attachment trajectories in men and women
Authors: Peutere Laura , Rautava Päivi , Virtanen Pekka
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether high responsibility for housework or childcare is related to weak labour market attachment.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data on domestic responsibilities in 1998 and 2003 were linked to register data on respondents’ employment spells for 2004-2011. Effects of the responsibilities on labour market trajectories – identified with latent class growth analyses – were analysed with multinomial logistic regression analyses.

Findings

Four trajectories for labour market attachment were identified among both genders. When adjusted for prior labour market attachment and other control variables, a high responsibility for housework predicted weak labour market attachment, compared to the trajectory of strong attachment, only among men. Compared to the trajectory of strengthening attachment, a high responsibility for housework was related to weak attachment among both men and women.

Research limitations/implications

Personal orientations may, to some extent, explain both the division on domestic responsibilities and attachment to the labour market. In the Finnish type of welfare state, domestic responsibilities have long-term effects, especially on men’s careers. More attention should be given to men’s roles in families and their possible consequences.

Originality/value

This is the first study analysing the division of domestic responsibilities on later labour market attachment among both genders. The strength of this study is the long follow-up time and methodology; it combines survey data at two time points and register data on employment spells over eight years, identifying patterns in employment with latent class growth analyses.
The role of basic values and education on women’s work and family preferences in Europe
Authors: Matějů Petr , Smith Michael L. , Weidnerová Simona , Anýžová Petra
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Consistent with dual-process models of behaviour, Miles (2015) has shown that Schwartz’ basic values can provide a valuable framework for empirically analysing the role of values and cultural contexts in driving human behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this line of research by distinguishing individual values from macro-level values, as well as from other micro- and macro-conditions, in order to test whether individual values shape women’s work-family orientations in ways predicted by Hakim’s preference theory.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors make use of the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS) collected in 2004, where a battery of questions on human values and work-family preferences were posed, and apply a multilevel approach to take into account national cultural and economic conditions across 25 European countries.

Findings

In line with the dual-process model and preference theory, the authors show that internalised values, particularly conservatism, shape work-family orientations much more than national social and cultural conditions; in addition, the effect of women’s education on work-value orientations is stronger in countries with more conservative national cultures, suggesting that education may help women overcome social barriers in the choice of their work-career preference.

Originality/value

While values may shape work-family orientations differently in non-European or less affluent cultures, these findings reveal the importance of bringing values back into the analysis of individual preferences and behaviours towards the labour market.
Academic staff perspectives on first-year students’ academic competencies
Authors: Mah Dana-Kristin , Ifenthaler Dirk
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the expectations, perceptions and role understanding of academic staff using a model of academic competencies (i.e. time management, learning skills, technology proficiency, self-monitoring and research skills).

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten members of academic staff at a German university. Participants’ responses to the open-ended questions were coded inductively, while responses concerning the proposed model of academic competencies were coded deductively using a priori categories.

Findings

Participating academic staff expected first-year students to be most competent in time management and in learning skills; they perceived students’ technology proficiency to be rather high but their research skills as low. Interviews indicated a mismatch between academic staff expectations and perceptions.

Practical implications

These findings may enable universities to provide support services for first-year students to help them to adjust to the demands of higher education. They may also serve as a platform to discuss how academic staff can support students to develop the required academic competencies, as well as a broader conversation about higher education pedagogy and competency assessment.

Originality/value

Little research has investigated the perspectives of academic staff concerning the academic competencies they expect of first-year students. Understanding their perspectives is crucial for improving the quality of institutions; their input into the design of effective support services is essential, as is a constructive dialogue to identify strategies to enhance student retention.
Critical dimensions for the effective design and use of simulation exercises for emergency management in higher education
Authors: Cooper Vanessa , Forino Giuseppe , Kanjanabootra Sittimont , von Meding Jason
Published: August 2017

Purpose

There is a need to provide more effective learning experiences for higher education (HE) students in transdisciplinary contexts such as disasters and emergency management. While much has been written on the value of simulation exercises (SEs) for emergency management practitioners, research has focussed less on their value for HE students. The purpose of this paper is to identify how a practitioner-oriented framework for the design and use of SEs in emergency management is relevant to the HE context and how this framework may need to be adapted to support effective learning by HE students.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretive approach based on a qualitative content analysis of 16 semi-structured interviews with emergency management practitioners and educators is used to enable an in-depth understanding of the social phenomena to be obtained.

Findings

The paper highlights that a framework for the design and use of SEs for emergency management practitioners is potentially valuable in the HE context but should be applied in a nuanced way.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is based on a small number of interviews and future studies could usefully analyse a wider set of perspectives (e.g. students), using a variety of alternative methods (e.g. surveys), to further test and/or enrich the framework.

Practical implications

Insights from the paper can inform the design and use of SEs in the HE context with a view to supporting more effective learning that better prepares students to operate during disaster events when they enter the emergency management workforce.

Originality/value

This is the first paper that has investigated the value of a practitioner-oriented framework for the design and use of disaster SEs in the HE context. In so doing, the paper has highlighted how the dimensions of the framework apply in the HE context and has revealed other issues that need to be addressed to support effective learning by HE students.
Empirical evidence about ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 in Italian companies
Authors: Murmura Federica , Bravi Laura
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the experience of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 certified companies, examining their motivations to introduce the standard and their perceived benefits and barriers. In parallel, the research investigated the knowledge and perception of ISO 9004 guideline, analyzing if it could give an added value to certified companies.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was proposed by e-mail to 2,581 Italian ISO 9001 certified companies from January 18 to March 31, 2016; 522 companies participated to the survey.

Findings

Companies of different size have been driven by different motivations to certification, reaching different types of benefits, while both large and small ones perceived the greater bureaucratization as an obstacle. The ISO 9004 standard is little known and applied among Italian companies, but the ones which adopted it benefited from it.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation may be derived from the fact that the sample was composed only of Italian companies, although this effect was to understand perceptions and trends of these international standards in the Italian reality.

Practical implications

Analyzing perceived advantages and disadvantages of ISO 9001 and 9004 could be crucial for managers to understand if their joint use is the right strategy to gain competitiveness in the reference markets.

Originality/value

Compared to previous studies in which ISO 9001 was evaluated as a stand-alone standard, the research made a comparative evaluation with ISO 9004, as ISO considers them to be “consistent pair of standards,” covering the literature gap about the effectiveness of the joint use of them.
Business excellence in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment (BEVUCA)
Authors: Saleh Ayat , Watson Richard
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how companies can achieve business excellence in a highly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environment. Within the literature about business excellence, there is a lack of understanding of the impact of today’s high VUCA on achieving business excellence. A new business concept, business excellence in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment (BEVUCA), will be illustrated so as to bridge this gap by considering the overall VUCA influence and the influences of each specific term individually.

Design/methodology/approach

The research incorporated a systematic literature review for three knowledge areas, namely: VUCA, business excellence and the management integration of quality and risk. The later knowledge area was reviewed because such diverse management thinking can help to achieve BEVUCA.

Findings

The research provided a definition for a new business concept and the systematic literature review identified 18 critical success factors so as to manage and excel under a high VUCA business environment. Finally a conceptual framework was developed for integrating quality management and risk management thinking so as to achieve BEVUCA.

Originality/value

BEVUCA can be used to close the current gap in the body of literature by providing a link between VUCA and business excellence, and hence advancing the discussion in these areas. Additionally, the BEVUCA conceptual framework can be used as guidance in integrating quality management and risk management to achieve the identified critical success factors.
Two phenological variants of Terminalia alata coexist in a dry dipterocarp forest
Authors: Ito Eriko , Chann Sophal , Tith Bora , Keth Samkol , Ly Chandararity , Op Phallaphearaoth , Furuya Naoyuki , Ohnuki Yasuhiro , Iida Shin’ichi , Shimizu Takanori , Tamai Koji , Kabeya Naoki , Yagi Takanobu , Shimizu Akira
Published: August 2017

Two morphological variants of Terminalia alata (Combretaceae) differed in leaf flushing phenology and spatial distribution in a Cambodian deciduous forest. The hairy‐type trees displayed leaf exchange behavior in the middle of the dry season. The glabrous type flushed new leaves 3 months after the wet season started. The leafless period of the hairy type was estimated to be <1 month, whereas that of the glabrous type lasted more than 5 months. The landscape‐scale leaf exchange behavior was similar to that of the hairy type. The two types showed clear spatial separation. The hairy type was limited to flat areas with deep soils. The dominance of the glabrous type in hilly areas with shallow soils suggests that it is adapted to water‐limited environments. The abundance of the glabrous type in hilly areas and its unique leaf phenology probably influence the carbon, energy and water balance at the landscape level.
Transmission of Penicillium aurantiogriseum partiti‐like virus 1 to a new fungal host (Cryphonectria parasitica) confers higher resistance to salinity and reveals adaptive genomic changes
Authors: Nerva Luca , Silvestri Alessandro , Ciuffo Marina , Palmano Sabrina , Varese Givanna Cristina , Turina Massimo
Published: August 2017

We attempted to transfect six recently characterized virus species to protoplasts of Penicillium janczewskii and Chryphonectria parasitica. None of the recovered P. janczewskii colonies was positive for the transfected viruses, but Penicillium aurantiogriseum partiti‐like virus 1 (PaPLV1) was detected in three distinct regenerated C. parasitica colonies. We screened the phenotype of the infected strains in up to 45 different conditions combining different media, salinity and temperatures: our results show that the infected strains grow slower than the virus‐ free in most of the tested conditions with the exception of halophilic stress in a specific nutrient combination media. We proceeded to characterize molecularly the population of distinct isolates of PaPLV1 infected C. parasitica through RNAseq: comparison to the viral population present in the original host – P. auratiogriseum – showed that two isolates accumulated non‐synonymous mutations suggesting adaptation to the new host. RNAseq analyses identified a second genomic RNA segment and northern blot of RNA extracted from purified virus suspensions allowed establishing that PaPLV1 is at least bipartite in nature and that it forms isometric virions of circa 36–38 nm in diameter. In light of these new acquisitions, we discuss the taxonomic placement of PaPLV1 inside the Partitiviridae.
Did bubbles migrate from the stock to the housing market in China between 2005 and 2010?
Authors: Deng Yongheng , Girardin Eric , Joyeux Roselyne , Shi Shuping
Published: August 2017

The speculative nature of both stock and housing markets in China has attracted the attention of observers. However, while stock market data are easily available, the low frequency and low quality of publicly available housing price data hampers the study of the relationship between the two markets. We use original hedonic weekly resale housing prices of a major Chinese housing market and study them in conjunction with Shanghai's stock market index in the second half of the 2000s. The use of the Phillips et al. (2015 a,b) recursive explosive‐root test enables us to detect and date speculative episodes in both markets. We then implement the Greenaway‐McGrevy and Phillips (2016) methodology to detect the presence of migration between the two types of bubbles. We detect significant migration from the stock to the housing market bubble in 2009 and a temporary spillover in 2007.
Canada's Model Forests 20 years on: towards forest and community sustainability?
Authors: Bullock Ryan , Jastremski Kathryn , Reed Maureen G.
Published: August 2017

We review how Canadian Model Forests pursued forest and community sustainability over the course of two decades (1992–2012). Given its roots in the forest industry and forest science, Model Forest programming initially faced some challenges in pursuing the socio‐economic dimensions of sustainable forest management (SFM) in order to fulfil mandated community sustainability objectives. This was due, in part, to how objectives, stakeholders, and expertise were brought together to develop SFM. The programme helped to define sustainability and the SFM paradigm, advance forest science and social research, and bring together a mix of usually adversarial partners in the name of innovation. Ultimately, the termination of federal programming was linked to high‐level policy shifts, yet difficulty in delivering on the socio‐economic dimensions of SFM during a period of forest sector and community crisis was also a factor.
Determination of some structural features of the nest paper materials ofDolichovespula SaxonicaFabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Vespinae) in Turkey
Authors: Ertürk Ömer
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper is to identify the nest materials, some physical characteristics and the elemental composition of the nest ofDolichovespula saxonica(Fabricius, 1793). The nest surfaces were observed with a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the inner surface of theD. saxonicanest the medium thickness of the fibers in the envelope and comb varied between 7.14 and 26.9 μm, respectively and averaged 16.4 μm. In the outer surface of the nest the medium thickness of the fibers in the envelope and comb were between 3.52 and 5.70 μm, respectively and averaged 4.63 μm. The nitrogen concentration of the nest ofD. saxonicawas 0.616% and the amount of protein was 3.08%. The percentages of the fibers, saliva, oil and the water absorption capacity were calculated as 67–70%, 23–30%, 12–18% and 110–140%, respectively. However, the amount of the element Cadmium (Cd) in the nest was found to have a value of 0.2 ppm. The major compounds of wasp nests are plant fibers, saliva and oil. However, the concentrations and ratios of the nest material compounds depend on the plant variety, place of origin, and time of harvest as well as on the processing and saliva conditions. The colors of the nest are beige, cream and grey with long dark brown lines. As a result of our study, we have found that the rates and quantities of physical characteristics, elemental composition and the fibers in the envelope and comb of the nest ofD. saxonicachange with environmental conditions.
Playing with Words While Yemen Burns: Managing Criticism of UK Arms Sales to Saudi Arabia
Authors: Stavrianakis Anna
Published: August 2017

This survey article examines the ways in which the UK government has attempted to manage criticism of its arms exports to Saudi Arabia. Hitting the headlines since 2015 due to widespread, credible allegations of serious violations of international humanitarian law committed by the Saudi‐led coalition in the war in Yemen, UK arms sales are now subject to unusual levels of parliamentary, media, NGO and legal scrutiny. The article outlines the government's strategies for managing criticism in order to both deal with domestic dissent and maintain good relations with the Saudi government. Paying attention to such strategies is an important means of analysing how arms transfers are justified and facilitated, and how governments manage the contradictory pressures to both promote and restrict arms exports.
Holocene glacial evolution of Mohnbukta in eastern Spitsbergen
Authors: Flink Anne E. , Hill Peter , Noormets Riko , Kirchner Nina
Published: August 2017

Submarine geomorphology is one of the main tools for understanding past fluctuations of tidewater glaciers. In this study we investigate the glacial history of Mohnbukta, on the east coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, by combining multibeam‐bathymetric data, marine sediment cores and remote sensing data. Presently, three tidewater glaciers, Heuglinbreen, Königsbergbreen and Hayesbreen calve into Mohnbukta. Hayesbreen surged at the end of the Little Ice Age, between 1901 and 1910. The submarine landform assemblage in Mohnbukta contains two large transverse ridges, interpreted as terminal moraines, with debrisflow lobes on their distal slopes and sets of well‐preserved geometric networks of ridges, interpreted as crevasse‐squeeze ridges inshore of the moraines. The arrangement of crevasse‐squeeze ridges suggests that both landform sets were produced during surge‐type advances. The terminus position of the 1901–1910 Hayesbreen surge correlates with the inner (R.2) terminal moraine ridge suggesting that the R.1 ridge formed prior to 1901. Marine sediment cores display 14C ages between 5700–7700 cal. a BP derived from benthic foraminifera, from a clast‐rich mud unit. This unit represents pre‐surge unconsolidated Holocene sediments pushed in front of the glacier terminus and mixed up during the 1901 surge. An absence of retreat moraines in the deeper part of the inner basin and the observation of tabular icebergs calving off the glacier front during retreat suggest that the front of Hayesbreen was close to flotation, at least in the deeper parts of the basin. As the MOH15‐01 core does not penetrate into a subglacial till and the foraminifera in the samples were well preserved, the R.1 ridge is suggested to have formed prior to the deposition of the foraminifera. Based on these data we propose that a surge‐type advance occurred in Mohnbukta in the early Holocene, prior to 7700 cal. a BP, which in turn indicates that glaciers can switch to and from surge mode.
New immunoglobulin brand for Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Koga Michiaki
Published: August 2017

Nomura et al. showed the efficacy and safety of freeze‐dried polyethylene glycol‐treated human immunoglobulin in a multicenter, open‐label and single‐arm trial for treatment of Guillain–Barré syndrome. Based on the results, a new source of immunoglobulin is indicated for Guillain–Barré syndrome in Japan.
sOAR: a tool for modelling optimal animal life‐history strategies in cyclic environments
Authors: Schaefer Merlin , Menz Stephan , Jeltsch Florian , Zurell Damaris
Published: August 2017

Periodic environments determine the life cycle of many animals across the globe and the timing of important life history events, such as reproduction and migration. These adaptive behavioural strategies are complex and can only be fully understood (and predicted) within the framework of natural selection in which species adopt evolutionary stable strategies. We present sOAR, a powerful and user‐friendly implementation of the well‐established framework of optimal annual routine modelling. It allows determining optimal animal life history strategies under cyclic environmental conditions using stochastic dynamic programming. It further includes the simulation of population dynamics under the optimal strategy. sOAR provides an important tool for theoretical studies on the behavioural and evolutionary ecology of animals. It is especially suited for studying bird migration. In particular, we integrated options to differentiate between costs of active and passive flight into the optimal annual routine modelling framework, as well as options to consider periodic wind conditions affecting flight energetics. We provide an illustrative example of sOAR where food supply in the wintering habitat of migratory birds significantly alters the optimal timing of migration. sOAR helps improving our understanding of how complex behaviours evolve and how behavioural decisions are constrained by internal and external factors experienced by the animal. Such knowledge is crucial for anticipating potential species’ response to global environmental change.
Negotiating the boundaries of psychosis: A qualitative study of the service provider perspective on treatment delay in community mental health
Authors: Kvig Erling Inge , Moe Cathrine , Brinchmann Beate , Larsen Tor Ketil , Sørgaard Knut
Published: August 2017

Aim

Evidence shows that many patients are detected and treated late in their course of illness, and that substantial delay occurs even after entry to mental health services. Although several studies have examined the service user and carer perspectives on treatment delay, few have explored the issue from the service provider perspective. The aim of this study was to broaden our understanding of treatment delay by exploring the service provider perspective on reasons for treatment delay in community mental health services.

Methods

A qualitative study using data from focus group interviews with 33 healthcare professionals in community mental health care. Interview data were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim, and analysed using a grounded theory approach.

Results

Service providers perceived divergent or conflicting perspectives as the main challenge in early psychosis. Clinical negotiation was chosen as the main term describing the interactions between patients and healthcare professionals: This was observed in 3 overlapping areas: (1) Negotiating the patients status as help‐seeker; (2) Negotiating the place and conditions of treatment and (3) Negotiating the meaning of distressing experiences and the timing of treatment options.

Conclusions

This study suggests that delay in initiation of treatment for psychosis in community mental health is related to clinical challenges of early disengagement from services and diagnostic uncertainty. Service providers found negotiating the therapeutic relationship and patient‐centred flexibility more useful in ensuring engagement than an assertive outreach approach. Diagnostic uncertainty was resolved through watchful waiting using a distress‐overload conceptualization in assessing changes in mental state and service needs.
Is soil texture a major controlling factor of root:shoot ratio in cereals?
Authors: Poeplau C. , Kätterer T.
Published: August 2017

Estimation of inputs of belowground carbon constitutes a major uncertainty in carbon (C) balance models. Fixed allocation coefficients are widely used although root:shoot ratio is known to respond to abiotic stressors. This pot experiment investigated the C allocation response of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) to soil texture and nutrient availability. Differences in nutrient availability, induced by a long‐term history of contrasting N and PK fertilizer application to the soil, did not affect root:shoot ratio. Soil texture had a significant effect; the smallest root:shoot ratio (0.10) occurred in a clay loam soil and the largest (0.22) was in a sandy soil. We hypothesized that this relation was related to hydraulic properties of the root–soil contact zone and were able to confirm this relation with existing datasets from the literature. The results obtained in this study could be useful for future estimates of root‐derived C inputs, for example in carbon turnover models, but thorough in situ validation with different plant species is required.

Highlights

We tested soil texture and nutrient controls on root:shoot ratios of spring barley in a pot experiment.

Soil texture rather than nutrient availability was the most important factor affecting root growth

The largest root:shoot ratio in the sandy soil might be related to water availability

The texture effect proved to be significant in a meta‐analysis of data from literature
Philosophy's Folds: Seneca, Cavarero, and the History of Rectitude
Authors: Rimell Victoria
Published: August 2017

This article takes as its stimulus Adriana Cavarero's recent investigation of the postures of rectitude and inclination in the Western philosophical tradition (Cavarero 2013). To showcase how this book might catalyze productive interactions between feminist critics in different areas of the humanities, I will bring Cavarero into dialogue with a thinker she mentions in passing who extensively develops “rectitude as a general principle” (Veyne 2003): Seneca. I argue that a gendered ontology of rectitude is increasingly put under pressure and transformed in Seneca'sEpistles, and propose that the letters are a laboratory for developing a new model of inclination that arises from an urgent need to confront the consequences of political impotence and threats to bodily integrity for Roman aristocratic manhood in the 60sce. The playful, densely literaryEpistlesoffer multiple points of contact with Cavarero's own philosophical strategies, and emerge as a highly stimulating text for feminist thinkers interested in the ethical and political implications of acknowledging vulnerability. Reading Seneca alongside Cavarero reminds us that such investigations have a (tortuous, buried) history in Roman antiquity whose recovery is itself politically significant.
Selection Bias and the Underwriter Certification of the Largest Shareholders in Seasoned Equity Offerings
Authors: Lee Chin‐Chong , Poon Wai‐Ching , Sinnakkannu Jothee
Published: August 2017

The largest shareholders of issuing firms in Hong Kong are eligible to underwrite rights issues and open offers. We hypothesize that the largest shareholders as underwriters who possess more information are better than investment banks in certifying firm value. Our analyses show that the largest shareholders self‐select into their preferred issuing firms, and a selection bias in the choice of underwriters arises. After controlling for firm and issue characteristics and addressing the selection bias, our findings support our hypothesis. We also find that investment banks with greater access to information through prior underwriting relationship provide better certification than investment banks without such relationship.
The gender gap in pensions in Latin America
Authors: Amarante Verónica , Colacce Maira , Manzi Pilar
Published: August 2017

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.
THE “NEGATIVE” AND “POSITIVE” ARGUMENTS OF MORAL MODERATES
Authors: Montague Philip
Published: August 2017

According to Shelly Kagan, “ordinary” or “moderate” moralists must establish the existence of “options.” Kagan considers a “negative” and a “positive” argument, which he regards as the most promising means by which moral moderates might establish their position. He offers objections to both, and he concludes that the moderate position is indefensible. I argue that Kagan fails in his attempt to discredit the negative argument. I also argue that the positive argument is so implausible that Kagan's elaborate criticism of it is unnecessary. The positive argument is interesting nevertheless, because of why it cannot serve the moderate's purposes.