bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positive University Environment and Agreeableness as Protective Factors Against Antisocial Behavior in Mexican University Students
Authors: Frías Armenta Martha , Corral-Frías Nadia S.
Published: July 2021

Violence in schools is a global issue. Approximately 32% of Mexican students have experienced some form of violence in the school setting in their lives. Previous research has tended to focus on the causes of violence and antisocial behaviors in offenders or adolescent samples and has found evidence to suggest the underlying role of environmental and personal factors. The present study investigates the effect of positive school environment and agreeableness as protective factors against antisocial behaviors in a sample of undergraduate and graduate students (n = 304) from northwestern Mexico. Our results demonstrate that a positive school environment has a negative effect on antisocial behaviors via mood and anxiety disorders as well as in interaction with agreeableness, suggesting an interplay between personality and environment. These findings can provide some basis for the development of university programs aimed at fostering positive environments that promote student mental health and protect against antisocial behaviors.
An Ontology-Based Framework for Psychological Monitoring in Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bolock Alia El , Abdennadher Slim , Herbert Cornelia
Published: July 2021

Background

Especially in the current crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown it entailed, technology became crucial. Machines need to be able to interpret and represent human behavior, to improve human interaction with technology. This holds for all domains but even more so for the domain of student behavior in relation to education and psychological well-being.

Methods

This work presents the theoretical framework of a psychologically driven computing ontology, CCOnto, describing situation-based human behavior in relation to psychological states and traits. In this manuscript, we use and apply CCOnto as a theoretical and formal description system to categorize psychological factors that influence student behavior during the COVID-19 situation. By doing so, we show the added value of ontologies, i.e., their ability to automatically organize information from unstructured human data by identifying and categorizing relevant psychological concepts.

Results

The already existing CCOnto was modified to automatically categorize university students’ state and trait markers related to different aspects of student behavior, including learning, worrying, health, and socially based on psychological theorizing and psychological data conceptualization.

Discussion

The paper discusses the potential advantages of using ontologies for describing and modeling psychological research questions. The handling of dataset completion, unification, and its explanation by means of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning models is also discussed.
Frequency of Sexual Problems and Related Psychosocial Characteristics in Cancer Patients—Findings From an Epidemiological Multicenter Study in Germany
Authors: Heyne Svenja , Esser Peter , Geue Kristina , Friedrich Michael , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja
Published: July 2021

Background

Multimodal cancer treatments are often associated with sexual problems. Identifying patients with sexual problems could help further elucidate serious issues with their sexuality and thus promote or maintain patients’ sexual health. We aimed to assess the occurrence of sexual problems in patients across different tumor locations and to explore associated sociodemographic, medical and psychosocial factors.

Methods

We included 3,677 cancer patients (mean age 58 years, age range 18–75 years, 51.4% women) from a large epidemiological multicenter study in Germany on average 13.5 months after cancer diagnosis. The occurrence and frequency of sexual problems were assessed via a binary item on the problem checklist of the Distress Thermometer (DT). Controlled associations of these problems with sociodemographic, medical and psychosocial factors including distress (DT), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), quality of life (EORTC-QLQ-C30), and social support (SSUK-8) are analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results

We found that 31.8% of patients reported sexual problems, with a significant higher proportion in men (40.5%) compared to women (23.7%), OR 2.35, 95% CI [1.80–3.07] and a higher proportion in patients with a partner (35.6%) compared to those without a partner (3.5%), OR 2.83, 95% CI [2.17–3.70]. Tumor location was associated with occurrence of sexual problems: patients with cancer, affecting the male genital organs had the highest chance for sexual problems, OR 2.65, 95% CI [1.18–3.95]. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of sexual problems between age groups OR 0.99, 95% CI [2.13–3.53] and type of therapy (e.g., operation OR 0.91, 95% CI [0.72–1.15]). Sexual problems were further associated with elevated levels of anxiety, OR 1.05, 95% CI [1.02–1.10], less social support, OR 0.93, 95% CI [0.90–0.97] and lower quality of life in terms of impaired functioning (e.g., social function, OR 0.99, 95% CI [0.99–1.00]).

Conclusions

Sexual problems are commonly reported by patients. Male patients and those living with a partner are more likely to report sexual problems. Sexual problems are associated with different aspects of well-being. The findings imply the practical relevance to screen for sexual problems among patients and identified groups that should be particularly monitored.
Vocabulary Size Is a Key Factor in Predicting Second Language Lexical Encoding Accuracy
Authors: Daidone Danielle , Darcy Isabelle
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the relationship between the accuracy of second language lexical representations and perception, phonological short-term memory, inhibitory control, attention control, and second language vocabulary size. English-speaking learners of Spanish were tested on their lexical encoding of the Spanish /ɾ-r/, /ɾ-d/, /r-d/, and /f-p/ contrasts through a lexical decision task. Perception ability was measured with an oddity task, phonological short-term memory with a serial non-word recognition task, attention control with a flanker task, inhibitory control with a retrieval-induced inhibition task, and vocabulary size with the X_Lex vocabulary test. Results revealed that differences in perception performance, inhibitory control, and attention control were not related to differences in lexical encoding accuracy. Phonological short-term memory was a significant factor, but only for the /r-ɾ/ contrast. This suggests that when representations contain sounds that are differentiated along a dimension not used in the native language, learners with higher phonological short-term memory have an advantage because they are better able to hold the relevant phonetic details in memory long enough to be transferred to long-term representations. Second language vocabulary size predicted lexical encoding across three of the four contrasts, such that a larger vocabulary predicted greater accuracy. This is likely because the acquisition of more phonologically similar words forces learners’ phonological systems to create more detailed representations in order for such words to be differentiated. Overall, this study suggests that vocabulary size in the second language is the most important factor in the accuracy of lexical representations.
Predicting Delay in Goal-Directed Action: An Experience Sampling Approach Uncovering Within-Person Determinants Involved in the Onset of Academic Procrastination Behavior
Authors: Wieland Lena M. , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich W. , Limberger Matthias F. , Nett Ulrike E.
Published: July 2021

Academic procrastination involves the delayed implementation of actions required to fulfill study-related tasks. These behavioral delays are thought to result from momentary failures in self-regulation (i.e., within-person processes). Most previous studies focused on the role of trait-based individual differences in students’ procrastination tendencies. Little is known about the within-person processes involved in the occurrence of procrastination behavior in real-life academic situations. The present study applied an event-based experience sampling approach to investigate whether the onset of task-specific delay behavior can be attributed to unfavorable changes in students’ momentary appraisals of tasks (value, aversiveness, effort, expectations of success), which may indicate failures in self-regulation arise between critical phases of goal-directed action. University students (N = 75) used an electronic diary over eight days to indicate their next days’ intentions to work on academic tasks and their task-specific appraisals (n = 582 academic tasks planned). For each task, a second query requested the next day determined whether students’ task-related appraisals changed and whether they implemented their intention on time or delayed working on the respective task (n = 501 completed task-specific measurements). Students’ general procrastination tendency was assessed at baseline using two established self-report questionnaires. Stepwise two-level logistic regression analyses revealed that within-person changes in task-related appraisals that reflected a devaluation of the study-related tasks increased the risk for an actual delay. The risk to delay decreased when students maintained a positive attitude toward the task. Students’ general procrastination tendency did not predict individual differences in their task-specific delay behavior. We discuss these findings in light of the growing effort to understand the within-person processes that contribute to induce procrastination behavior under real-life academic conditions and illustrate how this knowledge can benefit the design of tasks and instructions that support students’ self-regulation to their best.
Perceived Stress, Resilience, and Anxiety Among Pregnant Chinese Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Latent Profile Analysis and Mediation Analysis
Authors: Luo Zheng , Shen Yaqing , Yuan Jiajia , Zhao Yifan , Liu Zhengkui , Shangguan Fangfang
Published: July 2021

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a major threat to pregnant women's mental health. This study aimed to characterize the patterns of perceived stress in pregnant Chinese women during the COVID-19 pandemic, to examine the profile differences on anxiety and resilience, and to investigate whether the differences in these profiles on anxiety were mediated by resilience.

Methods: From February 28, 2020 to April 26, 2020, a sample of 2,116 pregnant Chinese women who participated in online crisis interventions completed an online self-reporting questionnaire assessing their demographic characteristics, perceived stress, resilience, and anxiety.

Results: Latent profile analysis (LPA) on two stress dimensions [perceived helplessness (HEL) and perceived self-efficacy (SEL)] indicated four perceived stress profiles: adaptive (33.7% of the sample), resistant (44.6%), insensitive (19.1%), and sensitive (2.6%). The women with both adaptive and insensitive profiles had the lowest levels of anxiety, whereas those with the resistant profile had the lowest levels of resilience. Multicategorical mediation analysis showed that resilience partially mediated the differences in the pregnant women's anxiety between the adaptive/insensitive and resistant profile.

Conclusion: This study showed the heterogeneity in the perceived stress patterns of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing the internal mechanisms of pregnant women's anxiety using a person-centered approach, and provided initial evidence guiding the development of differentiated stress interventions to alleviate pregnant women's anxiety during the pandemic.
Psychotherapists’ Challenges With Online Therapy During COVID-19: Concerns About Connectedness Predict Therapists’ Negative View of Online Therapy and Its Perceived Efficacy Over Time
Authors: Békés Vera , Aafjes-van Doorn Katie , Luo Xiaochen , Prout Tracy A. , Hoffman Leon
Published: July 2021

Therapists’ forced transition to provide psychotherapy remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique opportunity to examine therapists’ views and challenges with online therapy. This study aimed to investigate the main challenges experienced by therapists during the transition from in-person to online therapy at the beginning of the pandemic and 3 months later, and the association between these challenges and therapists’ perception of the quality of the relationship with their online patients, and therapists’ attitudes and views about online therapy and its efficacy at these two timepoints. As part of a large-scale international longitudinal survey, we collected data from 1,257 therapists at two timepoints: at the start of COVID-19, when many therapists switched from providing in-person therapy to online therapy, as well as 3 months later, when they had had the opportunity to adjust to the online therapy format. At both timepoints, therapists reported on perceived challenges, quality of working alliance and real relationship, attitudes toward online therapy, and their views on online therapy’s efficacy compared to in-person therapy. Factor analysis of individual survey items at both timepoints identified four different types of challenges among this therapist sample: Emotional connection (feeling connected with patients, reading emotions, express or feel empathy), Distraction during sessions (therapist or patient), Patients’ privacy (private space, confidentiality), and Therapists’ boundaries (professional space, boundary setting). Older and more experienced therapists perceived fewer challenges in their online sessions. At baseline, all four types of challenges were associated with lower perceived quality of the therapeutic relationship (working alliance and real relationship), and more negative attitudes toward online therapy and its efficacy. After 3 months, perceived challenges with three domains – Emotional connection, Patients’ privacy, and Therapists’ boundaries significantly decreased – whereas challenges in the fourth domain – Distraction – increased. In our study, therapists’ concerns about being able to connect with patients online appeared to be the most impactful, in that it predicted negative attitudes toward online therapy and its perceived efficacy 3 months later, above and beyond the effect of therapists’ age and clinical experience. Clinical and training implications are discussed.
Physical Activity Monitoring Preferences in Adults With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Janney Carol A. , Ducheine Abigail R. , Reichmann Robert , Stack Matthew A. , Fagiolini Andrea
Published: July 2021

This report investigated physical activity (PA) monitoring preferences and problems among adults with bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: PARC2 study was conducted at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic at the University of Pittsburgh. This secondary data analysis assessed three PA monitors; Body Media SW Pro Armband, Actigraph AM-7164, and Pedometer Omron HJ-720IT. PA monitors were worn simultaneously for 1 week. Participants reported preferences and problems (irritating, cumbersome, movement of the activity monitor, technical difficulties, and impaired functioning) encountered with each activity monitor.

Results: Approximately 70% of the participants (n = 66) were middle-aged Caucasian women with a diagnosis of BD I and overweight. Sixty-six adults with BD wore all 3 monitors simultaneously. Twelve (18%) participants had no PA monitoring preference, 28 (42%) preferred the armband, 17 (26%) preferred the pedometer and 9 (14%) preferred the Actigraph. Activity monitoring preferences did not statistically differ by age, gender, race, BMI, diagnosis, or depressive and mania symptoms (p > 0.25). Two-thirds of the participants (64%) had at least one problem with at least one activity monitor. As far as problem categories, more than a quarter of participants reported irritation with the Armband (26%, n = 17) and movement of the pedometer (32%, n = 21). No statistically significant association was observed between activity monitoring preferences and problems (p = 0.72).

Discussion: Adults with BD were willing to wear activity monitors even though problems were reported. Preference of physical activity monitors, in descending order, was the armband, pedometer, and Actigraph. One fifth of the adults with BD reported no preferences in activity monitors. The activity monitors selected for investigation included the “gold standard” in activity monitoring (Actigraph) worn at the waist as well as a research grade pedometer that is considerably more affordable, provides activity feedback in real-time, and may be a more feasible option for large scale studies.
Developmental Alcohol Exposure in Drosophila: Effects on Adult Phenotypes and Gene Expression in the Brain
Authors: Mokashi Sneha S. , Shankar Vijay , MacPherson Rebecca A. , Hannah Rachel C. , Mackay Trudy F. C. , Anholt Robert R. H.
Published: July 2021

Fetal alcohol exposure can lead to developmental abnormalities, intellectual disability, and behavioral changes, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). In 2015, the Centers for Disease Control found that 1 in 10 pregnant women report alcohol use and more than 3 million women in the USA are at risk of exposing their developing fetus to alcohol.Drosophila melanogasteris an excellent genetic model to study developmental effects of alcohol exposure because many individuals of the same genotype can be reared rapidly and economically under controlled environmental conditions. Flies exposed to alcohol undergo physiological and behavioral changes that resemble human alcohol-related phenotypes. Here, we show that adult flies that developed on ethanol-supplemented medium have decreased viability, reduced sensitivity to ethanol, and disrupted sleep and activity patterns. To assess the effects of exposure to alcohol during development on brain gene expression, we performed single cell RNA sequencing and resolved cell clusters with differentially expressed genes which represent distinct neuronal and glial populations. Differential gene expression showed extensive sexual dimorphism with little overlap between males and females. Gene expression differences following developmental alcohol exposure were similar to previously reported differential gene expression following cocaine consumption, suggesting that common neural substrates respond to both drugs. Genes associated with glutathione metabolism, lipid transport, glutamate and GABA metabolism, and vision feature in sexually dimorphic global multi-cluster interaction networks. Our results provide a blueprint for translational studies on alcohol-induced effects on gene expression in the brain that may contribute to or result from FASD in human populations.
Cognition in Recent Suicide Attempts: Altered Executive Function
Authors: Fernández-Sevillano Jessica , Alberich Susana , Zorrilla Iñaki , González-Ortega Itxaso , López María Purificación , Pérez Víctor , Vieta Eduard , González-Pinto Ana , Saíz Pilar
Published: July 2021

Background: Neuropsychological alterations can lead to inaccurate perception, interpretation, and response to environmental information, which could be a risk factor for suicide.

Methods: Ninety-six subjects were recruited from the Psychiatry Department of the Araba University Hospital—Santiago, including 20 patients with a recent attempt and diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) according to DSM-V, 33 MDD patients with history of attempted suicide, 23 non-attempter MDD patients, and 20 healthy controls. All participants underwent a clinical interview and neuropsychological assessment on the following cognitive domains: working memory, processing speed, decision-making, executive function, and attention. Backward multiple regressions were performed adjusting for significant confounding variables. For group comparisons, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were performed with a p < 0.05 significance level.

Results: The patient groups did not differ regarding severity of depression and stressful events in the last 6 months. In comparison to healthy controls, depressed patients with lifetime suicide attempts had more general trauma (p = 0.003), emotional abuse (p = 0.003), emotional negligence (p = 0.006), and physical negligence (p = 0.009), and depressed patients with recent suicide attempts had experienced more child sexual abuse (p = 0.038). Regarding neuropsychological assessment, all patient groups performed significantly worse than did healthy controls in processing speed, decision-making, and attention. Comparisons between patient groups indicated that recent suicide attempters had poorer performance on executive function in comparison to both depressed lifetime attempters and depressed non-attempters (B = 0.296, p = 0.019, and B = 0.301, p = 0.028, respectively). Besides, women with recent attempts had slightly better scores on executive function than males. Regarding the rest of the cognitive domains, there were no significant differences between groups.

Conclusion: Executive function performance is altered in recent suicide attempts. As impaired executive function can be risk factor for suicide, preventive interventions on suicide should focus on its assessment and rehabilitation.
Oxidative Stress and the Pathophysiology and Symptom Profile of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Murray Alex J. , Rogers Jack C. , Katshu Mohammad Zia Ul Haq , Liddle Peter F. , Upthegrove Rachel
Published: July 2021

Schizophrenia is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress, as reflected by an increase in the concentrations of damaging reactive species and a reduction in anti-oxidant defences to combat them. Evidence has suggested that whilst not the likely primary cause of schizophrenia, increased oxidative stress may contribute to declining course and poor outcomes associated with schizophrenia. Here we discuss how oxidative stress may be implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia and examine how current understanding relates associations with symptoms, potentially via lipid peroxidation induced neuronal damage. We argue that oxidative stress may be a good target for future pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia and suggest a multi-step model of illness progression with oxidative stress involved at each stage.
Adaptive Empathy: Empathic Response Selection as a Dynamic, Feedback-Based Learning Process
Authors: Kozakevich Arbel Elena , Shamay-Tsoory Simone G. , Hertz Uri
Published: July 2021

Empathy allows us to respond to the emotional state of another person. Considering that an empathic interaction may last beyond the initial response, learning mechanisms may be involved in dynamic adaptation of the reaction to the changing emotional state of the other person. However, traditionally, empathy is assessed through sets of isolated reactions to another's distress. Here we address this gap by focusing on adaptive empathy, defined as the ability to learn and adjust one's empathic responses based on feedback. For this purpose, we designed a novel paradigm of associative learning in which participants chose one of two empathic strategies (reappraisal or distraction) to attenuate the distress of a target person, where one strategy had a higher probability of relieving distress. After each choice, participants received feedback about the success of their chosen strategy in relieving the target person's distress, which they could use to inform their future decisions. The results show that the participants made more accurate choices in the adaptive empathy condition than in a non-social control condition, pointing to an advantage for learning from social feedback. We found a correlation between adaptive empathy and a trait measure of cognitive empathy. These findings indicate that the ability to learn about the effectiveness of empathic responses may benefit from incorporating mentalizing abilities. Our findings provide a lab-based model for studying adaptive empathy and point to the potential contribution of learning theory to enhancing our understanding of the dynamic nature of empathy.
Prevalence, Association Relation, and Dynamic Evolution Analysis of Critical Values in Health Checkup in China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Jingfeng , Wu Zhuoqing , Liu Yanan , Wang Lin , Li Tiantian , Dong Yihan , Qin Qian , Ding Suying
Published: July 2021

Objective: The critical values in health checkup play a key role in preventing chronic diseases and different types of cancer. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, association relation, and dynamic evolution of critical values in health checkups at a large physical examination center in China.

Methods: Herein, we chose 33,639 samples of physical examiners from January 2017 to December 2019. After strict exclusion processes, combined with the critical values in health checkup reporting data, 4,721 participants with at least one critical value were included. We first defined a critical value list for laboratory test, imaging, cervical cancer screening, electrocardiogram, and health checkup informed on site, and then performed a cross-sectional study to analyze the distribution and significance of critical values of 4,721 participants from different views and the association relation of 628 participants with more than one critical value and a retrospective cohort study to analyze the incidence and dynamic evolution of critical values based on 2,813 participants attending the physical examination from 2017 to 2019.

Results: A total of 4,721 participants were included in the retrospective study. The prevalence of 10 critical values from 33,639 participants was over 0.6%. The critical values of obesity, hypertension, Glucose_T, Liver_T, Kidney_T, Lipid_T, Urine_T, and Head_CT were significantly increased in men (P < 0.05), whereas the results were the opposite for the Blood_T and Thyroid_US (P < 0.01). The prevalence trend of critical values increased along with age, where the prevalence of men was higher than that of women under 60 years old (P < 0.01), while the prevalence of women increased by four times and exceeded the prevalence of men above 70 years old. Association relation analysis identified 16 and 6 effective rules for men and women, respectively, where the critical values of Urine_T and Glucose_T played the central roles. Furthermore, a retrospective dynamic evolution analysis found that the incidence of new critical values was about 10%, the incidence of persistent critical values was about 50%, and that most of the effective evolution paths tended to no critical values for men and women.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective to explore the population health status using the critical value reporting data in a physical examination center, which can assist in decision-making by health management at the population level and in the prevention and treatment of various types of cancer and chronic diseases at the individual level.
Pilot of a Community Health Worker Video Intervention for Immigrant Day Laborers at Occupational Health Risk
Authors: Lara Marielena , Díaz Fuentes Claudia , Calderón Jorge , Geschwind Sandy , Tarver Meshawn , Han Bing
Published: July 2021

Significance: Immigrant day laborers suffer from disproportionate occupational health risks from hazardous reconstruction jobs after natural disasters.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a short-video educational intervention to improve safety knowledge and intent to engage in safety preventive behaviors among 98 Hispanic day laborers (49 randomized to video and 49 control). The short video featured a male promotor and a female promotora who narrated 3 stories of day laborers who were injured while doing construction work in post-Katrina New Orleans. The main outcome measures were changes in scores for day laborer-reported safety knowledge and safety behaviors derived from interviewer-delivered baseline and post-intervention surveys.

Results: Video participants reported improvement in overall average safety knowledge score (mean score of 11.3 out of a max score of 12 or 94% when standardized to 0–100% scale), as compared to the control group (mean score of 8.6 or 72%) who were not offered the video (p < 0.00001). The intervention was highly successful in workers stating that they learned and were willing to change their safety preventive behaviors to reduce their occupational risk. The average safety behavior score was higher among those watching the video (17.2 out of a max of 22 or 78.1% when standardized on a scale 0–100%) as compared to control (14.5 or 65.9%) (p = 0.0024).

Conclusion: A short video intervention can improve knowledge and intent to engage in preventive behaviors among Hispanic workers for which there is a dearth of construction safety preventive research.
Distinct Patterns of Urban-Rural and Sex Disparities in Children's BMI Trajectories From 2013 to 2018
Authors: Zhou Yunping , Yu Pengli , Zhang Yanqing , Wang Tao , Wang Aimin
Published: July 2021

Background: To identify distinct trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in a large sample of Chinese children by urban-rural and sex disparities.

Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the National Surveys on Chinese Students' Constitution and Health among 16,060 children aged 6–11 years. Weight and height data were used to calculate BMI. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to identify distinct BMI trajectories.

Results: Seven distinct trajectories were identified, “sustained healthy weight” (46.01%), “sustained obesity” (17.26%), “sustained underweight” (4.50%), “obesity to overweight” (6.45%), “obesity to healthy weight” (11.75%), “healthy weight to overweight” (8.67%), and “healthy weight to obesity” (5.36%). The proportions of “sustained obesity,” “healthy weight to obesity,” and “healthy weight to overweight” trajectories were much higher among boys compared with girls (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, children living in rural areas were more represented in the “healthy weight to obesity” trajectory (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: In this study, the proportions of BMI development trajectories among 6–11-year-old children varied by sex and urban-rural areas, which may require tailored interventions specifically toward these at-risk trajectories.
Spectral Asymmetry of Near-Concentric Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Due to Doppler-Shifted Atmospheric Gravity Waves
Authors: Azeem Irfan
Published: July 2021

Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs) excited by meteorological sources are one of the prominent sources of variability in the ionosphere. Partially-concentric Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) associated with AGWs launched by convective storms have been reported in Total Electron Content (TEC) data from distributed networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. In this paper, TEC data from GNSS receivers in the COntiguous United States (CONUS) are presented to examine AGWs in the ionosphere generated by a convective thunderstorm on April 28, 2014 over Mississippi (MS) and Tennessee (TN). Our analysis of the TID perturbations in the TEC data shows zonal asymmetry of the wave frequencies. This spectral asymmetry is examined to determine the effects of the background neutral wind on the intrinsic periods of the underlying AGWs. This work shows that if the relative motion of the TID wavefronts and the background neutral wind is in the opposite direction, the intrinsic periods will decrease and if they both travel in the same direction, the intrinsic periods will increase. Furthermore, our results show that the characteristics of the TIDs observed on April 28, 2014 in the TEC over CONUS are consistent with those of underlying AGWs being excited by a point source, such as a deep convection system.
A Smartphone App for Individual Xylazine/Ketamine Calculation Decreased Anesthesia-Related Mortality in Mice
Authors: Jara Carlos Poblete , Carraro Rodrigo S. , Zanesco Ariane , Andrade Beatriz , Moreira Karina , Nogueira Guilherme , Souza Bruno L. , Prado Thais Paulino , Póvoa Valeria , Velander William , Velloso Licio A. , Araújo Eliana P.
Published: July 2021

Currently, experimental animals are widely used in biological and medical research. However, the scientific community has raised several bioethical concerns, such as the number of animals required to achieve reproducible and statistically relevant results. These concerns involve aspects related to pain, discomfort, and unwanted animal loss. Retrospectively, we compare two different approaches for anesthesia dosage: a mobile app for dose calculation and a standard dose calculation. A total of 939 C57BL/6J and Swiss mice were analyzed. We collected data on intraoperative and anesthesia-related mortality as described in electronic or physical handwritten records. Our results showed that the mobile app approach significantly reduces anesthetic-related deaths upon using doses of ketamine and xylazine. The results suggest that anesthesia-related mortality can be minimized even more using information technology approaches, helping to solve an old but transversal challenge for researchers working with experimental mice. The mobile app is a free and open code which could be implemented worldwide as an essential requirement for all anesthetic procedures in mice using xylazine and ketamine combination. As an open code app, the Labinsane initiative could also represent the starting point to unify and validate other anesthetic procedures in different species and strains.
Isolation, Identification, and Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of a Porcine Enterovirus G Isolated From China
Authors: Mi Xue , Yang Chunjie , Lu Ying , Wang Hejie , Qin Qiuying , Chen Ronglin , Chen Zhenkong , Luo Yunyan , Chen Ying , Wei Zuzhang , Huang Weijian , Ouyang Kang
Published: July 2021

Enterovirus G (EV-G) infects porcine populations worldwide and the infections are generally asymptomatic, with the insertion of the papain-like cysteine protease gene (PLCP) increasing the potential public health threats. However, the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of EV-G itself are not fully understood as yet. In the present study, one EV-G strain, named CH/17GXQZ/2017, was isolated and purified from piglets with diarrheic symptoms from the Guangxi Province, China. This strain produced stable cytopathic effects on Marc-145 cells with a titer of 5 × 106 PFU/mL. The spherical enterovirus particles with diameters of 25–30 nm were observed by using transmission electron microscopy. The whole genome sequence of the CH/17GXQZ/2017 strain consists of 7,364 nucleotides, and the phylogenetic tree based on the amino acid sequences of VP1 indicated this strain was clustered to the G1 genotype. Seven-day-old piglets were inoculated orally with the CH/17GXQZ/2017 strain in order to evaluate its pathogenicity. Although none of the infected piglets died during the experiment, clinical neurological symptoms were observed manifesting as mild hyperemia and Nissl bodies vacuolization in the cerebrum. In addition, the infection with the CH/17GXQZ/2017 strain decelerated the weight gain of suckling piglets significantly. This study demonstrates that CH/17GXQZ/2017 is pathogenic to neonatal piglets and advance knowledge on the biological characteristics, evolution and pathogenicity of EV-G.
TENDENCIES IN POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF MEN AND WOMEN – A STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF VIETNAMESE POLITICAL ELITES TOWARD THEIR PROMOTION OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Thi Tran Huong , Thi Le Thuc
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to explore some of the crucial reasons limiting the contemporary participation of Vietnamese women in political leadership by reviewing the attitudes of male and female political elites toward opportunities for political promotion

Methodology: The population of this research is the leaders and potential leaders of the Vietnamese political system. The purposive sampling method was used, resulting in 324 respondents. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 government officials. Quantitative data resulting from questionnaires were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows, version 19. Qualitative data were processed manually. No discussion or explanation.

Main Findings: The study results show that the majority of Vietnamese political elites are willing to take up opportunities for promotion. However, women's readiness to accept opportunities for promotion is often lower than that of men, due to social expectations on their traditional gender roles. Besides, improper legal frameworks and policies significantly contribute to women having less political ambition and giving up on their dreams earlier than their male counterparts.

Applications of this study: The results of this study are useful for the Vietnamese Government to develop measures for removing the obstacles that hinder women’s political participation.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study uses data from the author’s original survey.
Habilidades funcionais da criança com Síndrome Congênita pelo Zika Vírus e sobrecarga da mãe
Authors: Oliveira Marinna Coelho , Ortoni Gabriela Eiras , Veríssimo Thereza Cristina Rodrigues Abdalla , Ribeiro Maysa Ferreira Martins , Rocha Andréa Souza , Silva Francine Aguilera Rodrigues da , Moreira Mônica Isabella Chagas , Faria Mayara Cordeiro de , Prudente Cejane Oliveira Martins , Corrêa Paulo Fernando Lôbo
Published: July 2021

Introdução. A Síndrome Congênita pelo Zika Vírus (SCZV) provoca uma série de alterações encefálicas que tendem a impactar gravemente o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor dessas crianças. Objetivo. Analisar a relação entre habilidades funcionais das crianças com SCZV e a sobrecarga de suas mães. Método. Estudo transversal analítico, realizado em um centro de reabilitação em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado com dados sociodemográficos das mães e clínicos da criança; Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASCI); Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT). Resultados. Amostra composta por 32 crianças com SCZV e suas mães. Todas as mães possuíam sobrecarga de moderada a elevada. Todas as crianças apresentavam atraso nas habilidades funcionais. Foram estabelecidas correlações moderadas entre os domínios do PEDI-CAT e os domínios do QASCI (reação às exigências, mecanismos de eficácia e controle e satisfação com o papel e com o familiar), bem como com a sua pontuação final. Conclusão. As habilidades funcionais dessas crianças são gravemente impactadas. Quanto pior as habilidades funcionais das crianças, menor a sobrecarga em reação às exigências e mecanismos de eficácia e controle e maior sobrecarga na satisfação com o papel e com o familiar.
Cognitive Computing-Based CDSS in Medical Practice
Authors: Chen Jun , Lu Chao , Huang Haifeng , Zhu Dongwei , Yang Qing , Liu Junwei , Huang Yan , Deng Aijun , Han Xiaoxu
Published: July 2021

Importance
. The last decade has witnessed the advances of cognitive computing technologies that learn at scale and reason with purpose in medicine studies. From the diagnosis of diseases till the generation of treatment plans, cognitive computing encompasses both data-driven and knowledge-driven machine intelligence to assist health care roles in clinical decision-making. This review provides a comprehensive perspective from both research and industrial efforts on cognitive computing-based CDSS over the last decade.
Highlights
. (1) A holistic review of both research papers and industrial practice about cognitive computing-based CDSS is conducted to identify the necessity and the characteristics as well as the general framework of constructing the system. (2) Several of the typical applications of cognitive computing-based CDSS as well as the existing systems in real medical practice are introduced in detail under the general framework. (3) The limitations of the current cognitive computing-based CDSS is discussed that sheds light on the future work in this direction.
Conclusion
. Different from medical content providers, cognitive computing-based CDSS provides probabilistic clinical decision support by automatically learning and inferencing from medical big data. The characteristics of managing multimodal data and computerizing medical knowledge distinguish cognitive computing-based CDSS from other categories. Given the current status of primary health care like high diagnostic error rate and shortage of medical resources, it is time to introduce cognitive computing-based CDSS to the medical community which is supposed to be more open-minded and embrace the convenience and low cost but high efficiency brought by cognitive computing-based CDSS.
Status of Women in Religious Construction in Tamil Nadu
Authors: T Vijayalakshmi
Published: July 2021

Proto religion was formed to tackle the ghosts and excessive forces of nature. Women gender contributed to the proto religion in the form of  goddesses and women priest and took equal participation as of men. But the situation has been changed and role of women gender in religion has been marginalized throughout different periods. The patriarchy has played a significant role to marginalize the women gender in religion and change the religion as a tool of patriarchy to oppress the women gender. Moreover patriarchy put women as  watchdogs to implement the stringent inequalities on women in the present religion. This article tries to explore  the  patriarchycal strategies against the female gender in the  present religion.
Challenges South African youth face in education and their quest to eradicate issues of the past
Authors: Barnes Lauren Kim
Published: July 2021

The youth of South Africa today face many challenges in their daily lives. The majority of South Africa's population is made up of youth- people aged between 15 and 35 years old. The youth in South Africa face challenges such as crime, unemployment, poverty, and most importantly unequal opportunities in education. These challenges should not be present in the daily lives of South African youth, especially since it has been over two decades since South Africa’s first democratic elections. The challenges that are faced in the education system is explored and solutions are suggested to help end the chain of poverty.
Error médico: motivación personal o inducido por el sistema de salud.
Authors: Fonseca Sosa Fernando Karel
Published: July 2021

He leído detenidamente y con gran interés los excelentes artículos publicados por el Dr. Arturo Prado Scott. Por desdicha, las demandas judiciales contra los cirujanos -sobre todo latinoamericanos- se han incrementado con un ritmo acelerado en el último decenio.Ante la importancia de reducir los errores médicos y la repercusión que estos puedan tener, tanto en la vida de los pacientes como de los cirujanos, es necesario concienciar, sobre una base armoniosa, al personal médico, dirigentes del sistema de salud, empleados del poder judicial y a la población para cambiar la actual conducta defensiva por una actitud colaboradora; y de esta forma mejorar la calidad de la atención médico-quirúrgica.
RANCANG BANGUN SOLAR TRACKER SUMBU TUNGGAL BERBASIS MOTOR STEPPER DAN REAL TIME CLOCK
Authors: Kurniawan Septian Ari , Taufik Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Energi matahari merupakan sumber energi terbarukan yang dapat dikonversi menjadi listrik. Salah satu cara yang paling umum digunakan adalah menggunakan fotovoltaik (PV). Namun, hambatan terbesar dari penggunaan PV adalah efisiensi konversi yang rendah. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut adalah menggunakan solar tracker. Solar tracker adalah sebuah perangkat yang dapat membantu panel surya untuk memaksimalkan penangkapan radiasi matahari dengan cara membuat panel surya selalu menghadap (tegak lurus) matahari. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada pembuatan purwarupa solar tracker sumbu tunggal dan membandingkan kinerjanya dengan panel surya statis. Pengujian peningkatan efisiensi diwakilkan dengan pengukuran tegangan open circuit (VOC) dan arus short circuit (ISC) untuk kedua panel. Purwarupa solar tracker sumbu tunggal yang dibuat menggunakan sebuah motor stepper KS42STH40-1204A yang bergerak sesuai dengan pewaktuan real time clock (RTC) DS3231. Nilai VOC yang diperoleh, menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan sebesar 4,83% pada solar tracker dibandingkan dengan panel surya statis, sedangkan nilai ISC pada solar tracker lebih rendah 11,11% dibandingkan dengan panel surya statis.
Culture of the Second Half of the 20th Century through the Early 21st Century in Action: Creation of Contemporary Publicity
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Zaks Lev
Published: July 2021

The article offers a culturological vision of publicity, and partly correlative privacy as universal aspects of the joint existence of people. The analysis methodology is based on the perception of culture as a universal specific way of existence of people and society; the perception of society as a sociocultural system; the perception of the evolution of society and all areas of its existence as a result of their holistic sociocultural determination. Publicity is considered in terms of its characterisation as a sociocultural phenomenon (space-time, socioanthropological, functional, communicative, discursive), and then the evolution of publicity as a function and the product of the cultural system is outlined. The main (and diverse) sociocultural influential factors having determined substantial changes in features of publicity (and its relationship with privacy) as from the second half of the 20th century to the present day are analysed: left-wing influence and democratisation of societies after World War Two; rising prosperity of citizens; origination of consumer society; release of public psychology from some conventional cultural taboos including as a result of secularisation and the sexual revolution; widespread and influential mass-media; informational revolution (information society). Critical effects of these factors in respect of publicity and its evolution have been shown. The information revolution of the second half of the 20th century to the early 21st Century is considered as the crucial factor of the radical qualitive transformation of social life, processes of its institutionalisation and with it, public and private spheres. Peculiarities of contemporary online publicness and its relationship with online privacy are addressed. Axiological problems of online publicness are highlighted.