bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Assembly of TRPC Channels in the Rat Retina During Photoreceptor Degeneration
Authors: Caminos Elena , López-López Susana , Martinez-Galan Juan R.
Published: June 2024

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are calcium channels with diverse expression profiles and physiological implications in the retina. Neurons and glial cells of rat retinas with photoreceptor degeneration caused by retinitis pigmentosa (RP) exhibit basal calcium levels that are above those detected in healthy retinas. Inner retinal cells are the last to degenerate and are responsible for maintaining the activity of the visual cortex even after complete loss of photoreceptors. We considered the possibility that TRPC1 and TRPC5 channels might be associated with both the high calcium levels and the delay in inner retinal degeneration. TRPC1 is known to mediate protective effects in neurodegenerative processes, while TRPC5 promotes cell death. In order to comprehend the implications of these channels in RP, the co-localization and subsequent physical interaction between TRPC1 and TRPC5 in healthy retina (Sprague-Dawley rats) and degenerating (P23H-1, a model of RP) retina were detected by immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assays. There was an overlapping signal in the innermost retina of all animals where TRPC1 and TRPC5 physically interacted. This interaction increased significantly as photoreceptor loss progressed. Both channels function as TRPC1/5 heteromers in the healthy and damaged retina, with a marked function of TRPC1 in response to retinal degenerative mechanisms. Furthermore, our findings support that TRPC5 channels also function in partnership with STIM1 in Müller and retinal ganglion cells. These results suggest that increase in TRPC1/5 heteromers may contribute to slowing of the degeneration of the inner retina during the outer retinal degeneration.
Crystallinity of Halogen-Free Flame-Retardant Polyolefin Compounds Loaded with Natural Magnesium Hydroxide
Authors: Matteucci Vanessa , Meucci Michela , Haveriku Sara , Cardelli Camillo , Pucci Andrea
Published: June 2024

A typical halogen-free flame-retardant (HFFR) formulation for electric cables may contain polymers, various additives, and fire-retardant fillers. In this study, composites are prepared by mixing natural magnesium hydroxide (n-MDH) with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and a few types of ethylene-octene copolymers (C8-POE). Depending on the content of LLDPE and C8-POE, we obtained composites with different crystallinity that affected the final mechanical properties. The nucleation effect of the n-MDH and the variations in crystallinity caused by the blending of C8-POE/LLDPE/n-MDH were investigated. In the C8-POE/LLDPE blend, we found a decrease in the crystallization temperature of LLPDE compared to pure LLDPE and an increase in the crystallization temperature of C8-POE compared to pure C8-POE. On the contrary, the addition of n-MDH led to an increase in the crystallization temperature of LLDPE. As expected, the increase in the crystallinity of the polyolefin matrix of composites led to higher elastic modulus, higher tensile strength, and lower elongation at break. Overall, these results show how to obtain the required mechanical features for halogen-free flame-retardant compounds for electric cable applications depending on the quantities of the two miscible components in the final blend.
Methanol Reforming over Cu-Ce-Al Catalyst Prepared by So-lution Combustion Synthesis Method
Authors: Assylbekov Yernur B. , Xanthopoulou Galina , Tungatarova Svetlana A. , Baizhumanova Tolkyn S. , Aubakirov Yermek A. , Zhumabek Manapkhan
Published: June 2024

Demand for environmentally friendly types of energy is growing all over the world, which naturally increases the intensity of work on the production of hydrogen-containing fuel mixtures. Steam reforming of methanol is one of the most effective areas of research, as it is a process with low energy consumption. The results of steam reforming of methanol on the catalysts prepared by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) and impregnation by moisture capacity are presented. Investigation of the activity of Cu-Ce-Al catalysts of different composition was carried out for production of hydrogen and comparison of SCS with traditional impregnation method. Methanol conversion reaches 99%, while the selectivity of H2 was 88%, at 500 °C. It was found that CuAl2O4 spinel formation is due to substitution of Al3+ with Cu2+ Ce3+ cations. A consequence CuAl2O4 and CeAlO3 lattice parameters increase because of difference in ionic radius of Al3+ (0.53 Å) and Cu2+ (0.73 Å), Ce3+ (1.07 Å). Advantages of SCS catalysts in steam reforming of methanol were shown. The aim of this research is to develop a new catalyst for conversion of methanol into hydrogen containing fuel mixtures, which will further promote the organization of a new era of environmentally friendly energy-saving production methods.
Homocysteine Thiolactone Detoxifying Enzymes and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Jakubowski Hieronim
Published: June 2024

Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and related metabolites are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Severe hyperhomocysteinemia causes neurological deficits and worsens behavioral and biochemical traits associated with AD. Although Hcy is precluded from entering the Genetic Code by proofreading mechanisms of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and thus is a non-protein amino acid, it can be attached to proteins via an N-homocysteinylation reaction mediated by Hcy-thiolactone. Because N-homocysteinylation is detrimental to protein’s function and biological integrity, Hcy-thiolactone detoxifying enzymes – PON1, BLMH, BPHL – have evolved. This review provides an account of the biological function of these enzymes and of consequences of their impairments leading to phenotypes characteristic of AD.
Examining the Impact of Digital Transformation on Supply Chain Processes
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: June 2024

This qualitative research study explores the multifaceted impacts of digital transformation on supply chain processes within contemporary business environments. Through in-depth interviews with industry professionals, the study investigates the implications of digitalization for visibility, collaboration, resilience, and innovation within supply chains. The findings highlight the opportunities presented by digital technologies for enhancing operational efficiency, mitigating risks, and creating value across supply chain networks. However, the study also underscores the challenges and barriers that organizations face in their digital transformation journey, including integration complexity, data security, and organizational culture. The research emphasizes the importance of strategic investments in digital capabilities, change management, and organizational culture to capitalize on the opportunities presented by digital transformation while addressing the associated challenges. By doing so, organizations can build agile, resilient, and competitive supply chains capable of thriving in an increasingly digitalized and interconnected world.
Tuberculosis (TB) Tsunami in Pakistan
Authors: Majeed Ayesha Isani , Pandit Ranjana Kumari
Published: June 2024

Objective: To analyze prevalence of tuberculosis among the people who presented PIMS with complaints of fever, cough, difficulty in breathing during COVID pandemic.Study Design: Retrospective/ Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration: Department of Radiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. 2020-2023. Methods: Total 17121 patients who presented PIMS during COVID pandemic with complaints of high grade fever, cough, difficulty in breathing ,were included in this study. Following the acquisition, the HRCT scans were conducted by a skilled and experienced technician and researcher, utilizing GE Healthcare equipment for HRCT Chest procedures. The scans covered the lung apices to the bases and were executed with maximal inspiration, employing a CT scanner from Toshiba Aquilion. Frequency of TB among all cases was recorded. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze all data.Results: This study incorporated a total of 17,121 patients, comprising 9,961 (58.1%) males and 7,160 (41.8%) females. The mean age of the enrolled cases was 49.11±7.67 years, demonstrating consistency with the findings of a prior study [33]. This study also examined the prevalence of Tuberculosis in different years based on imaging findings of HRCT chest as follows: in 2020, 582 cases out of 2,450, equivalent to 23.7%; in 2021, 2,377 cases out of 9,584, equivalent to 24.8%; in 2022, 1,099 cases out of 3,913, equivalent to 28.1% and in 2023, 295 cases out of 1,174, equivalent to 25.1%. The average prevalence of TB cases from 2020 to 2023 was determined to be 4,353 cases out of 17,121, which is equal to 25.42%.Conclusion: As per the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) in Pakistan, the prevalence rate of tuberculosis stands at 340 cases per 100,000 population, equivalent to 0.34%. However, our study reveals an exceptionally high frequency of TB cases. Specifically, the prevalence of Tuberculosis in 2020 was 23.7% (582 out of 2,450), in 2021 it was 24.8% (2,377 out of 9,584), in 2022 it surged to 28.1% (1,099 out of 3,913), and in 2023 it was 25.1% (295 out of 1,174). The average prevalence of TB cases over the period from 2020 to 2023 was calculated at 25.4% (4,353 out of 17,121). Consequently, our findings suggest the presence of a substantial tuberculosis burden in Pakistan, equating to a TB Tsunami in Pakistan.
Valorization of Yellowfin Tuna Tails: An Approximation to Circular Bioeconomy
Authors: Sisa Allayca Alisson Daniela , Martínez-Alvarez Oscar , Gómez-Estaca Joaquin , Mosquera Jordan Mauricio Esteban
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the valorization potential of yellowfin tuna tails for the production of high-value commercial products. Muscle and skins were firstly mechanically separated by using a specifically designed device. The muscle was then used as a nitrogen source for the growth of the proteolytic enzymes-producer Bacillus subtilis, whereas the skins were employed for gelatin extrac-tion. The proteases from Bacillus subtilis were partially purified and used to produce antioxidant peptides from gelatin obtained. The gelatin obtained formed a gel upon cooling, with gelling and melting temperatures at 16 ºC and 22 ºC, respectively, and Bloom Strength of ≈ 160. RSM was used to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions to obtain the highest antioxidant activity (35.96%, measured as DPPH radical scavenging activity), which were 50°C / 6.5 IU of enzyme. The findings emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to maximize the value of tuna by-products, promoting sustainability in the frame of circular bioeconomy. Overall, these results contribute to the efficient utilization of tuna by-products, waste reduction, and enhance economic viability of the tuna industry.
The Effect of Carbon Quota Policy on Environmental Sustainability of Power Supply Chain
Authors: Guanxuan Su , Benhe Gao
Published: June 2024

As is well known, limiting carbon emissions is an important link in mitigating global climate change. Carbon quotas are a widely used policy tool by governments around the world, without increasing the financial burden on the government. To study the impact of carbon quota policies on the clean transformation of the key carbon emitting industry - the power industry, we established a duopoly model and conducted analysis and numerical simulation. Research has found that the effectiveness of carbon quota policies is closely related to the level of competition within the power supply chain, and is also influenced by the market share of clean energy power generation enterprises.Moreover, in some cases, it may have the opposite effect.
Exploring The Spatial Structure of Interregional Supply Chain: A Multilayer Network Approach
Authors: Situngkir Hokky , Maulana Ardian
Published: June 2024

This research aims to elucidate the organizational patterns of interregional economic interdependence to enhance our comprehension of the national economy's structure at a regional scale. Employing a multilayer network model, this study represents economic interdependence among Indonesian regions, utilizing the InterRegional Input-Output (IRIO) table. Through the application of various metrics, such as degree and strength distribution, assortativity coefficient, and global and local rich club coefficient, to the multilayer IRIO network, we uncover the organizational patterns of economic exchanges between provinces and economic sectors within Indonesia. Our findings demonstrate that a multilayer network approach reveals the heterogeneous and complex structure of the national economy at the regional level. By analyzing the assortativity pattern and global rich-club coefficient, we illustrate that the IRIO network exhibits a hierarchical organization, where significant provincial-sector nodes are interconnected and form dense rich clubs, extending from a few structural cores to peripheral regions. Additionally, we identify distinct connectivity patterns of non-rich nodes based on their incoming and outgoing relations. The insights gained from this study have implications for the macro-control of regional development.
Advancing Secure and Efficient Sensor Data Integration in Smart Cities: A Blockchain-Based Approach
Authors: Khan Abdul Rafay Saeed , Syed Hassan Jamil , Shuja Junaid , Khan Azeem , Qamar Faizan , Nguyen Quang Ngoc
Published: June 2024

As technology advances, people are increasingly adopting IoT (Internet of Things) devices in smart cities. These devices are equipped with sensors that are connected everywhere, from energy infrastructure and transportation to telecommunications, health and human services, waste management, public safety, and more. People want to access sensor data anytime and everywhere to make better decisions and improve their lives. To achieve this, a sensor integration model has been developed where multiple sensors are integrated under one gateway to manage and share sensor data. However, effective sharing of sensor data requires data security, privacy, confidentiality, fairness, effective architectural design, and low communication and computation costs. These issues need to be addressed in the sensor integration model in smart cities. Existing storage models face challenges in managing sensor data effectively. To overcome these issues and hurdles, a data storage framework leveraging blockchain technology has been proposed within the sensor integration model. This framework ensures data security, privacy, confidentiality, and a fair and transparent financial model, all while minimizing communication and computation costs.
Prevalence and Prevention of Clinical Injuries Among Undergraduate Dental Students: A Post-COVID-19 Study
Authors: Antoniadou Maria , Chanioti Maria , Pantelaki Asteropi , Parasiris Antonios , Piperi Evangelia , Rahiotis Christos
Published: June 2024

Background: Our study investigates the prevalence and causes of injuries among undergraduate dental students during clinical sessions. Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, focusing on injuries reported from 2021 to 2024. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires and clinical records. The primary variables assessed included the type of injury, the instrument involved, the clinical procedure being performed, and the immediate actions taken post-injury. Serological testing was conducted on both students and patients to assess the risk of bloodborne pathogen transmission. Results: The findings revealed a high prevalence of injuries, with needles being the most common cause, followed by burs and dental probes. The most frequent injury type was piercing, primarily affecting the fingers. Periodontal treatments, restorative procedures, and endodontic treatments were the main activities leading to injuries. Despite normal medical records for most patients treated by injured students, serological testing showed significant positivity rates for HCV and HBV. It is noteworthy that most injured students demonstrated their commitment to safety by adhering to recommended post-exposure protocols, including wound cleaning, disinfecting, and serological testing. Our study highlights the critical need for enhanced biosafety awareness and training among dental students to reduce injury risks. Conclusions: These findings underline the necessity for integrated safety protocols and continuous education to improve clinical practices and ensure student safety.
SaBi3d - A LiDAR Point Cloud Data Set of Car-to-Bicyle Overtaking Maneuvers
Authors: Odenwald Christian , Beeking Moritz
Published: June 2024

While cycling presents environmental benefits and promotes a healthy lifestyle, the risks associated with overtaking maneuvers by motorized vehicles pose significant hindrances for many potential cyclists. Large-scale analysis of overtaking maneuvers could inform traffic researches and city planners on how to reduce these risks by better understanding these maneuvers. Drawing from the fields of sensor-based cycling research and of LiDAR-based traffic data sets, this paper provides a step towards addressing these safety concerns by introducing the Salzburg Bicycle 3d (SaBi3d) data set, consisting of LiDAR point clouds capturing car-to-bicycle overtaking maneuvers. The data set, collected using a LiDAR-equipped bicycle, facilitates detailed analysis of a large quantity of overtaking maneuvers without the need for manual annotation through enabling automatic labeling by a neural network. Additionally, a benchmark result for 3d object detection using a competitive neural network is provided as a baseline for future research. The SaBi3d data set is structured identically to the nuScenes data set, and therefore offers compatibility with numerous existing object detection systems. This work provides valuable resources for future researchers to better understand cycling infrastructure and mitigate risks, thus promoting cycling as a viable mode of transportation.
Analysis of Livestock Tick Distribution and Host Preferences Based on Sex Ratio in Tehran Province
Authors: Abbasi Ebrahim
Published: June 2024

Ticks are one of the most dominant forced ectoparasites of vertebrates, belonging to the arthropods, which transmit pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites to humans and animals in Iran and worldwide. Given that, sex ratio factors can affect the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases, this study aimed to identify and determine the ticks' sex ratio and host type (camels, sheep, cattle, dogs, chickens, and pigeons) in different areas of Tehran province. This descriptive cross-sectional study took samples from different animal body parts in four seasons from 20 villages in 2019, in which 685 hard ticks and 121 soft ticks were caught from 1623 studied livestock and poultry. Regarding sex segregation among all caught ticks, 42.01% were male, and 57.99% were female. It is noteworthy that in both mountain and plain environments, R. sanguineus species of hard ticks had the most elevated sex ratio. Most ticks were collected from sheep hosts with 60.04% and the lowest from cattle hosts with 0.62% in tick infestation.
Svalbard Fjord Sediments as a Hot-Spot of Functional Diversity and a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance (AREX Cruise 2021)
Authors: Caruso Gabriella , Rappazzo Alessandro Ciro , Maimone Giovanna , Zappalà Giuseppe , Zaborska Agata
Published: June 2024

The benthic matrix acts as a key natural archive where the memory of long-term timescale environmental changes is recorded. Some ecological and chemical features of fjord sediments were explored during the AREX cruise carried out in the Svalbard archipelago in summer 2021. The activity rates of the enzymes leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), beta-glucosidase (GLU) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) and community-level physiological profiles (CLPP) were studied with the aim of determining the functional diversity of the benthic microbial community, while bacterial isolates were screened for their susceptibility to antibiotic molecules in order to explore the role of these extreme environments as potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance. Enzyme activity rates were obtained by fluorogenic substrates, CLPP by Biolog Ecoplates; antibiotic susceptibility assays were performed through the standard disk diffusion method. Spatial trends observed in the functional profiles of the microbial community suggested the variability in the microbial community composition, presumably related to the patchy distribution of organic substrates. Complex Carbon sources, carbohydrates and amino acids were the organic polymers preferentially metabolized by the microbial community. Multiple resistance to ampicillin, clindamycin and gentamycin was detected in all the sampled sediments, excepting in the southern Hornsund area, stressing the role of sediments as a potential reservoir of chemical wastes ascribable to antibiotic residuals. This study provides new insights on the health status of fjord sediments of West Spitsbergen applying a dual ecological and biochemical approach. Microbial communities in the fjord sediments showed globally a good functional diversity, suggesting their versatility to rapidly react to changing conditions.
FPGA-BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF A GAUSSIAN SMOOTHING FILTER WITH POWERS-OF-TWO COEFFICIENTS
Authors: Ivashko Andrey , Zuev Andrey , Karaman Dmytro , Moškon Miha
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to develop methods for synthesizing a Gaussian filter that ensures simplified hardware and software implementation, particularly filters with powers-of-two coefficients. Such filters can provide effective denoising of images, including landscape maps, both natural and synthetically generated. The study also involves analyzing of methods for FPGA implementation, comparing their hardware complexity, performance, and noise reduction with traditional Gaussian filters. Results. An algorithm for rounding filter coefficients to powers of two, providing optimal approximation of the constructed filter to the original, is presented, along with examples of developed filters. Topics covered include FPGA implementation, based on the Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA. Filter structures, testing methods, simulation results, and verification of the scheme are discussed. Examples of the technological placement of the implemented scheme on the FPGA chip are provided. Comparative evaluations of FPGA resources and performance for proposed and traditional Gaussian filters are carried out. Digital modeling of the filters and noise reduction estimates for noisy images of the terrain surface are presented. The developed algorithm provides approximation of Gaussian filter coefficients as powers of two for a given window size and maximum number of bits with a relative error of no more than 0.18. Implementing the proposed filters on FPGA results in a hardware costs reduction with comparable performance. Computer simulation show that Gaussian filters both traditional and proposed effectively suppress additive white noise in images. Proposed filters improve the signal-to-noise ratio within 5-10 dB and practically match the filtering quality of traditional Gaussian filters.
INTEGRATION OF IOT WITH CLOUD, FOG, AND EDGE COMPUTING: A REVIEW
Authors: Kuchuk Heorhii , Malokhvii Eduard
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review. The paper provides an in-depth exploration of the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with cloud, fog, and edge computing paradigms, examining the transformative impact on computational architectures. Approach to review. Beginning with an overview of IoT's evolution and its surge in global adoption, the paper emphasizes the increasing importance of integrating cloud, fog, and edge computing to meet the escalating demands for real-time data processing, low-latency communication, and scalable infrastructure in the IoT ecosystem. The survey meticulously dissects each computing paradigm, highlighting the unique characteristics, advantages, and challenges associated with IoT, cloud computing, edge computing, and fog computing. The discussion delves into the individual strengths and limitations of these technologies, addressing issues such as latency, bandwidth consumption, security, and data privacy. Further, the paper explores the synergies between IoT and cloud computing, recognizing cloud computing as a backend solution for processing vast data streams generated by IoT devices. Review results. Challenges related to unreliable data handling and privacy concerns are acknowledged, emphasizing the need for robust security measures and regulatory frameworks. The integration of edge computing with IoT is investigated, showcasing the symbiotic relationship where edge nodes leverage the residual computing capabilities of IoT devices to provide additional services. The challenges associated with the heterogeneity of edge computing systems are highlighted, and the paper presents research on computational offloading as a strategy to minimize latency in mobile edge computing. Fog computing's intermediary role in enhancing bandwidth, reducing latency, and providing scalability for IoT applications is thoroughly examined. Challenges related to security, authentication, and distributed denial of service in fog computing are acknowledged. The paper also explores innovative algorithms addressing resource management challenges in fog-IoT environments. Conclusions. The survey concludes with insights into the collaborative integration of cloud, fog, and edge computing to form a cohesive computational architecture for IoT. The future perspectives section anticipates the role of 6G technology in unlocking the full potential of IoT, emphasizing applications such as telemedicine, smart cities, and enhanced distance learning. Cybersecurity concerns, energy consumption, and standardization challenges are identified as key areas for future research.
METHOD FOR GENERATING A DATA SET FOR TRAINING A NEURAL NETWORK IN A TRANSPORT CONVEYOR MODEL
Authors: Pihnastyi Oleh , Kozhevnikov Georgii , Burduk Anna
Published: June 2024

The object of research is a stochastic input flow of material coming in the input of a conveyor-type transport system. Subject of research is the development of a method for generating values of the stochastic input material flow of transport conveyor to form a training data set for neural network models of the transport conveyor. The goal of the research is to develop a method for generating random values to construct implementations of the input material flow of a transport conveyor that have specified statistical characteristics calculated based on the results of previously performed experimental measurements. The article proposes a method for generating a data set for training a neural network for a model of a branched, extended transport conveyor. A method has been developed for constructing implementations of the stochastic input flow of material of a transport conveyor. Dimensionless parameters are introduced to determine similarity criteria for input material flows. The stochastic input material flow is presented as a series expansion in coordinate functions. To form statistical characteristics, a material flow implementation based on the results of experimental measurements is used. As a zero approximation for expansion coefficients, that are random variables, the normal distribution law of a random variable is used. Conclusion. It is shown that with an increase in the time interval for the implementation of the input material flow, the correlation function of the generated implementation steadily tends to the theoretically determined correlation function. The length of the time interval for the generated implementation of the input material flow was estimated.
METHOD OF TESTING LARGE NUMBERS FOR PRIMALITY
Authors: Pevnev Vladimir , Yudin Oles , Sedlaček Peter , Kuchuk Nina
Published: June 2024

The current stage of scientific and technological development entails ensuring information security across all domains of human activity. Confidential data and wireless channels of remote control systems are particularly sensitive to various types of attacks. In these cases, various encryption systems are most commonly used for information protection, among which large prime numbers are widely utilized. The subject of research involves methods for generating prime numbers, which entail selecting candidates for primality and determining the primality of numbers. The subject of research involves methods for generating prime numbers, which choice selecting candidates for primality and determining the primality of numbers. The objective of the work is the development and theoretical justification of a method for determining the primality of numbers and providing the results of its testing. The aim to address the following main tasks: analyze the most commonly used and latest algorithms, methods, approaches, and tools for primality testing among large numbers; propose and theoretically justify a method for determining primality for large numbers; and conduct its testing. To achieve this aim, general scientific methods have been applied, including analysis of the subject area and mathematical apparatus, utilization of set theory, number theory, fields theory, as well as experimental design for organizing and conducting experimental research. The following results have been obtained: modern methods for selecting candidates for primality testing of large numbers have been analyzed, options for generating large prime numbers have been considered, and the main shortcomings of these methods for practical application of constructed prime numbers have been identified. Methods for determining candidates for primality testing of large numbers and a three-stage method for testing numbers for primality have been proposed and theoretically justified. The testing conducted on the proposed primality determination method has demonstrated the correctness of the theoretical conclusions regarding the feasibility of applying the proposed method to solve the stated problem. Conclusions. The use of a candidate primality testing strategy allows for a significant reduction in the number of tested numbers. For numbers of size 200 digits, the tested numbers is reduced to 8.82%. As the size of the tested numbers increases, their quantity will decrease. The proposed method for primality testing is sufficiently simple and effective. The first two stages allow for filtering out all composite numbers except for Carmichael numbers. In the first stage, using the first ten prime numbers filters out over 80 percent of the tested numbers. In the second stage, composite numbers with factors greater than 29 are sieved out. In the third stage, Carmichael numbers are sieved out. The test is polynomial, deterministic, and unconditional.
Key fundamentals of strategy for decision-making in international business
Authors: Pérez Pérez Juan Ernesto
Published: June 2024

The objective of this research article is to identify the conceptual foundations of strategy in international business and its articulation with the sources of competitive advantage of the value chain model, key factors to consider an internationalization process in companies. This research was based on a case study of the firm Café Galavis, in Cúcuta, Colombia, focused on measuring and recording the behavior of the parties of interest of the object of study and analyzing the phenomenon in its real context. The research was descriptive in nature, seeking to achieve an approximation of the conceptual foundations of strategy in international business. The sample was selected by convenience (general manager, employees, suppliers and customers). The results obtained made it possible to identify the determinants of the internationalization or transferability of the firm through Porter's value chain model and the pyramidal model of the key concepts of international business strategy proposed by Verbeke (the location-specific advantages of the country «LAs», The firm-specific advantages and the internationally transferable FSAs «or without localization»).
Transcriptional dynamics in type 2 diabetes progression is linked with circadian, thermogenic, and cellular stress in human adipose tissue
Authors: Orozco-Solis Ricardo , Rivera-Alvarez Irais , Mendoza-Viveros Lucía , Vázquez-Lizárraga Rosa , Sotelo-Rivera Israim , Viveros-Ruiz Tannia , Morales-Maza Jesús , Orozco Lorena , Romano Marta , Noriega Lilia , Tovar Armando , Aguilar-Arnal Lorena , Cruz-Bautista Ivette , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos
Published: June 2024

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased significantly over the past three decades, with an estimated 30-40% of cases remaining undiagnosed. Brown and beige adipose tissues, known for their remarkable catabolic capacity, can lower blood glucose levels. Beige adipose tissue can be differentiated from adipose stem cells or through transdifferentiation from white adipose tissue. However, the impact of T2D progression on beige adipocyte functional capacity remains unclear. Transcriptomic profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies from healthy normal-weight, healthy obese, prediabetic obese, and obese T2D patients revealed a progressive alteration in cellular processes associated with catabolic metabolism, circadian rhythms, thermogenesis-related signaling pathways, cellular stress, and inflammation. MAX was identified as a potential transcription factor linking inflammation with the circadian clock and thermogenesis during T2D progression. This study unveils a previously unrecognized transcriptional circuit that increasingly disrupts subcutaneous adipose tissue oxidative capacity during T2D progression. These findings could open new research avenues for developing chronopharmaceutical strategies to treat and prevent T2D.
Cryptococcus neoformans and the EGFR Puzzle: Uncovering a Novel Mechanism for Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Fang Wei , Gao Yangjie , Fa Zhenzong , Wang Guizhen , Gu Julin
Published: June 2024

Cryptococcus neoformans, a significant fungal pathogen, causes cryptococcal meningitis with high mortality. The mechanisms facilitating its invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) remain inadequately elucidated. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) assumes a pivotal role in pathogen-host interactions, yet its role in cryptococcal traversal of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains insufficiently characterized. Using an in vitro model of the BBB constructed from mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMECs), it has been observed that EGFR expression significantly increases during the invasion of C. neoformans. The silencing of EGFR markedly diminishes the pathogen’s capacity to penetrate the BBB. Further research has identified that the conversion of pro-HB-EGF to HB-EGF, mediated by Mpr1/ADAM, triggers the activation of EGFR, a key event in the translocation process. The inhibition of this pathway using ADAM inhibitors, such as TAPI-1, not only prevents the upregulation of HB-EGF but also strengthens the integrity of the BBB and reduces the efficiency of cryptococcal translocation. These findings suggest that targeting the EGFR signaling pathway and metalloproteinase activity could be a promising strategy in developing treatments for cryptococcal meningitis.
Hydrogen-Rich Gas Enhanced Sprint-Interval Performance: Metabolomic Insights into Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Dong Gengxin , Liu Haiyan , Chen Yunji , bao dapeng , Xu Wentao , Zhou Junhong
Published: June 2024

Background
Hydrogen gas has been posited to alleviate fatigue and mitigate declines in exercise performance through the reduction of oxidative stress induced by high-intensity exercise. However, the diversity of blood markers employed to evaluate hydrogen gas's antioxidant capabilities limits a comprehensive understanding of its mechanistic effects. This study evaluated the impact of hydrogen-rich gas (HRG) on metabolites following sprint interval exercise using metabolomics approaches, aiming to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. Results: Compared with placebo (air), HRG inhalation significantly improved mean power, fatigue index and time to peak for the fourth sprint and significantly reduced the attenuation values of peak power, mean power and time to peak between the first and fourth. Metabolomic analysis highlighted significant upregulation of Acetylcarnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Hypoxanthine, and Xanthine upon HRG inhalation, with enrichment pathway analysis suggesting that HRG may foster fat mobilization by enhancing coenzyme A synthesis, promoting glycerophospholipid metabolism, and suppressing insulin levels. Conclusion: Inhaling HRG before sprint-interval test enhances end-stage anaerobic sprint capabilities and mitigates fatigue. Metabolomics analysis suggests HRG potentially accelerates fat oxidation during rest periods and facilitates greater ATP replenishment for later sprints, by mitigating mitochondrial oxidative damage, enhancing aerobic efficiency, and stimulating fat mobilization.
Vulvar reconstruction with pedicled ALT and pudendal flaps, secondary to a mammary-like adenocarcinoma of the vulva associated to Paget´s disease.
Authors: Márquez Miguel Leonardo De La Parra , Mora Hugo Enrique Beyuma , González Juan Carlos Morales
Published: June 2024

Vulvar Paget's disease is the most common extra-mammary form, representing 1-2% of vaginal neoplasms.1 Is included within the primary adenocarcinomas of the vulva, which are rare malignancies, along with sweat gland carcinomas and mammary-like vulvar glands.2
Treatment is multidisciplinary, being necessary in advanced cases, a surgical resection with wide margins and subsequent reconstruction. In this paper, we present the case of a 51-year-old patient, who presented a mammary-like adenocarcinoma associated to an extensive vulvar "extramammary Paget" case, not a candidate for conservative management, being initially approached by the onco-surgery service, performing a wide resection of the neoplasm associated with bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection. Subsequently the reconstruction was completed using an anterolateral pedicled thigh flap associated with a double pudendal flap (Singapore) for vulvo-perineal reconstruction. Immediate postoperative surveillance of the flap and follow-up at 1 and 6 months were performed with an adequate aesthetic and functional result.
Colesevelam for Lenalidomide Associated Diarrhea in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hultcrantz Malin , Hassoun Hani , Korde Neha , Maclachlan Kylee , Mailankody Sham , Patel Dhwani , Shah Urvi , Tan Carlyn Rose , Chung David , Landau Heather , Scordo Michael , Shah Gunjan , Giralt Sergio , Lahoud Oscar , Pianko Matthew , Burge Mirande , Barnett Kelly , Shekarkhand Tala , Caple Julia , Blaslov Jenna , Tran Linh , Salcedo Meghan , Hamid Selena , Nemirovsky David , Derkach Andriy , Arisa Oluwatobi , Peer Cody , Figg William , Usmani Saad , Landgren Ola , Lesokhin Alexander
Published: June 2024

Lenalidomide maintenance is associated with a significantly improved progression-free in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Maintenance with lenalidomide is generally well tolerated; however, lenalidomide associated diarrhea is a common side effect and bile acid malabsorption has been suggested as an underlying mechanism. We conducted a single arm phase 2 trial of colesevelam, a bile acid binder, for lenalidomide-associated diarrhea in multiple myeloma. Patients were treated with colesevelam daily starting at 1250 mg (2 tablets 625 mg) for 12 weeks. The trial included 25 patients, 1 patient with grade 3 diarrhea, 14 with grade 2, and 10 with grade 1 diarrhea. All patients were on treatment with single agent lenalidomide maintenance and no patient progressed during the trial.
Colesevelam treatment was highly effective for treatment of lenalidomide-associated diarrhea; 22 (88%) of the 25 patients responded where 17 patients (68%) had complete resolution of diarrhea, and 5 patients (20%) had improvement by 1 grade of diarrhea. The responses to colesevelam were seen within the first two weeks of treatment. These findings support the conclusion that lenalidomide-associated diarrhea is driven by bile acid malabsorption. Five patients reported mild gastrointestinal side effects including constipation. Importantly, the pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide were not affected by concomitant colesevelam treatment. The stool microbiome composition was not significantly different before and after colesevelam treatment. Patients reported improved diarrhea, fewer gastrointestinal symptoms, and less interference with their daily life after starting colesevelam. In summary, colesevelam was safe and highly effective for treatment of lenalidomide-associated diarrhea in multiple myeloma and does not reduce the clinical effect of lenalidomide.
Anatomical study to avoid femoral nerve palsy in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Koura Takashi , Tetsunaga Tomonori , Yamada Kazuki , Inoue Tomohiro , Okuda Ryuichiro , Masada Yasutaka , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: June 2024

Improper placement of the anterior retractor in total hip arthroplasty (THA) can cause femoral nerve palsy. We aimed to determine whether the femoral nerve distance on computed tomography can be predicted from radiographs. This study included 145 patients with hip dysplasia who underwent THA for hip osteoarthritis in one institution. The distance between the femoral nerve and anterior margin of the acetabulum (dFN) was measured in the horizontal section. Patients were divided into the short- and long-dFN groups. Age, sex, body height, body weight, and Crowe classification were compared between both groups using univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of dFN. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean dFN at each site of the femoral head was shorter proximally. The differences in body height and Crowe classification between both groups were significant. dFN (y) was positively correlated with body height (x1), Crowe classification (x2), and body weight (x3). The derived predictive formula was y = 9.24 + 9.74x1–3.55x2 + 0.065x3, with an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.658 and p < 0.05 for all measurements. Patients with smaller body height, lower body weight, and severe hip deformity have a shorter dFN and a risk for femoral nerve palsy after THA; these require special attention.
Culture failure and suboptimal analysis in cytogenetics: A data review as a quality improvement metric from a resource-limited country
Authors: Mansoor Neelum , Meraj Fatima , Zehra Syeda Ambareen , Akhter Bushra , Jamal Saba
Published: June 2024

Background
Conventional cytogenetic failures can affect hematological cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Resource-constrained regions without contemporary genetic testing facilities may experience this impact more. Cultural failure (CF) and suboptimal analysis (SOA) data can identify problems and set standards. Thus, a cohort was created to find areas for improvement and reduce negative contributing factors, making this cytogenetic technique more accessible and cost-effective. A retrospective study at the Cytogenetics lab of Indus Hospital, Karachi, analyzed 1234 blood and bone marrow samples from Jan 2021 to Mar 2023. CF meant no growth, while < 20 metaphases were labeled suboptimal. IBM SPSS 24.0 was used for analysis, employing chi-square to confirm factor-karyotyping associations, with p < 0.05 indicating significance.
Results
Of 1234 samples, 1110 (90%) were bone marrow and 124 (10%) were peripheral blood. There were 32/1234 (2.6%) CF cases; all found in bone marrow samples, making the true incidence 32/1110 (2.9%). No CF observed in peripheral blood samples tested for constitutional disorders. Additionally, chromosomal analysis quality was assessed. SOA occurred in 105/1234 (8.5%) instances, with 58% having poor morphology and 31% having a low mitotic index. Among 137 CF and SOA patients, 134/1110 (12%) were found in marrow and 3/124 (2.4%) in blood.
Conclusion
Lower CF rates suggest that appropriate standards and implementation of quality management protocols can reduce cytogenetic failure rates despite newly established services in a resource-constrained setting.
Multidrug-resistant high-risk clonal Escherichia coli lineages occur along an antibiotic residue gradient in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Schaufler Katharina , Lübcke Phillip , Heiden Stefan , Homeier-Bachmann Timo , Bohnert Jürgen , Schulze Christian , Eger Elias , Schwabe Michael , Guenther Sebastian
Published: June 2024

The global spread of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli threatens human, animal, and environmental health. Despite the recognition of water bodies as potential reservoirs, research on AMR in the Baltic Sea is limited. In this study, we examined the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in surface water in northeastern Germany. We then conducted phenotypic and genotypic analyses of the strains, which encompassed AMR and heavy metal/metalloid tolerance, biofilm formation, and detailed plasmid examination. In addition, we used solid-phase extraction with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to quantify antibiotic residues. Our analysis identified 30 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, some of which were associated with clinically relevant high-risk clonal lineages. We detected antibiotic residues in the environmental samples, but the antibiotic concentrations were significantly lower compared to the wastewater samples. These results highlight the Baltic Sea surface water as a potential reservoir for ESBL-producing E. coli and clinically relevant antibiotics.
Quality of Life after Myocardial infarction in the Pakistani Population – Insights from a Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Hassan Javerya , Abbas Manzar , Arshad Hajra , Jessani Angelina , Tahir Izza , Qazi Shiza , Shah Jasmit , Merali Zul , Samad Zainab
Published: June 2024

Background: Quality of life (QoL) assessment is essential for optimizing patient care, treatment adjustments, and medical decision-making, particularly in post-Myocardial Infarction (MI) patients, but limited data exists on QOL post MI from Pakistan. This study aimed to assess Quality of Life (QoL and its determinants in the Pakistani population.
Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients ≥ 18 years with a primary diagnosis of acute MI (ICD 9 codes: 410.0-410.9 and ICD-10 codes: 121.0-121.9) discharged from the Cardiology Service from January 2019 to December 2020 who could be contacted and consented to participate were included. Data was collected from electronic records, and patients were interviewed via phone calls using a validated Urdu version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests via RStudio (Version 1.4.1717).
Results: The final study cohort was 440 patients with a median age of 63 (IQR: 56,72) years, with a male predominance (68.2%). Physical health was the most affected domain. Females, lower income individuals, and those with lower level of education had lower QoL scores in all domains. Diabetes and presence of multiple co-morbidities were associated with lower QoL.
Marital and socioeconomic status, along with psychosocial factors were significantly associated with QoL scores. Notably, 62.0% of post-MI patients rated their overall QoL as good (scores of 4-5 on a Likert scale of 1-5). Cronbach's alpha values indicated good internal consistency, with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.902.
Conclusion:
Although a significant proportion of patients post MI in our cohort reported good QoL, several social factors were associated with lower QoL. These factors must be investigated further in discharge planning and post-discharge of patients with MI.