bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of prognosis for spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shu Junbin , Wang Wei , Ye Ruyong , Zhou Yonggang , Tong Jianfeng , Li Xiaobo , Lv Xiaojun , Zhang Guangliang , Xu Feng , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2024

Background

The most deadly type of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage (SCH). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate risk factors for prognosis in SCH patients to provide a basis for taking preventive and therapeutic measures.

Methods

Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2023 for randomized controlled trial, cohort study, case control study and cross-sectional study on prognosis of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. The quality of the selected studies were assessed by the American Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). To assess the impact of the included risk factors on the prognosis of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage, combined odds ratios (ORs) with matching 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined.

Results

Eight studies were included, including 539 participants. And a total of 31 potentially associated risk factors were identified. Ultimately, 6 risk factors were included in the meta-analysis after assessing. The factors supported by moderate evidence include the hydrocephalus (OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 2.33 to 7.91) and drug-induced coagulopathy (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.23 to 6.09). The factors supported by limited evidence include the intraventricular bleeding(OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.13 to 3.07) and hematoma size>3 cm(OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.87 to 5.39). Meta-analysis revealed no association between hypertension, diabetes mellitus and SCH prognosis.

Conclusion

The current meta-analysis revealed obvious risk factors for prognosis in spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage patients, including hydrocephalus, drug-induced coagulopathy, intraventricular bleeding and hematoma size>3 cm.
Individualist-collectivist profiles in secondary school: an exploratory study of trait emotional intelligence and academic achievement
Authors: Costa Ana , Faria Luísa
Published: July 2024

An individualist (I) or collectivist (C) cultural orientation affects individuals’ attitudes, behaviours and values. This study aimed to identify the first-year secondary-school students’ I–C profiles and explore their implications for students’ trait emotional intelligence (EI), emotions towards school and academic achievement (GPA) throughout the 3-year secondary-school cycle. A total of 222 secondary-school students (58.6% females; Mage = 15.4; SD = .63 in the 10th grade) were enrolled in a longitudinal study. The cluster analysis identified three distinct I–C profiles: high individualist-low collectivist students, low individualistic-midlevel collectivist students and high individualist–high collectivist students. The results revealed significant differences between the I–C profiles regarding students’ trait EI, emotions towards school and GPA throughout secondary school, in particular favouring the high individualist–high collectivist profile. These findings are discussed based on the practical implications for students’ outcomes in the current secondary school system.
Detecting outliers in local ionospheric model for GNSS precise positioning
Authors: Dao Tam , Harima Ken , Carter Brett , Currie Julie , McClusky Simon , Brown Rupert , Rubinov Eldar , Barassi John , Choy Suelynn
Published: July 2024

Global Navigation Satellite System fast precise positioning can be achieved with accurate ionospheric corrections computed from an adequate number of GNSS stations in a local region. In low-latitude regions, the presence of electron density gradients over short distances can lead to outliers in the map of ionospheric corrections and decrease its accuracy. In this study, we explored outlier detection in ionospheric correction mapping through statistical residuals during a four-month test in 2021. Our findings indicate that the residuals of the local ionospheric model conform to the Laplace distribution. To determine outliers, we use an empirical rule for the Laplace distribution, setting thresholds at μ ± 3b, μ ± 3.5b, and μ ± 5.8b for data retention rates of 95%, 97%, and 99.7%, respectively. Here, μ represents the location parameter, which corresponds to the median of data, and b is the scale parameter, calculated as the medium absolute deviation. We found that while removing outliers can improve model accuracy, it may result in unavailable prediction due to a lack of data in a spare network. For example, applying a μ ± 3.5b threshold for outlier removal led to approximately 2.5% of recording time having no ionospheric corrections map in low-latitude regions, however, the local model has the potential to improve its mean accuracy by up to 50% for both low and mid-latitudes. Therefore, choosing the appropriate percentile threshold depends on the network configuration and the desired accuracy. Removing erroneous satellite data to improve ionospheric accuracy brings positive impacts on precise positioning.
Make the desert bloom—imaginaries, infrastructure, and water-land entanglement in desert agriculture in Israel
Authors: Shani Liron
Published: July 2024

Understanding the meaning of land–water entanglement is increasingly important today, in an age of climate change and desertification. Despite the close ties between water and land, literature largely focuses on each of them separately or ignores the attempts to disconnect them. This paper examines the connections and disconnections between water and land in the southern desert of Israel in the shadow of political use and environmental disaster. Drawing on ethnographic research, the paper explores the challenges and successes of intensive agriculture in arid regions, and how water allocation plays a crucial role in making the desert bloom. Weaving between the theoretical framework of 'agricultural infrastructure' and 'water-land imaginations', the paper separates between the different imaginations that enable the various dimensions of the water-land entanglement, the efforts made to expand the connection or disconnect them, and between their political, environmental and cultural realization as infrastructures. Overall, this paper provides insights into the ways by which Imaginations, infrastructures and land–water entanglement shape human-environmental interactions in arid regions and agriculture projects in the Anthropocene era.
Investigating worldwide strong motion databases to derive a collection of free-field records to select design-compatible waveforms for Switzerland
Authors: Panzera Francesco , Bergamo Paolo , Danciu Laurentiu , Fäh Donat
Published: July 2024

The process of choosing ground motions typically relies on assembling a collection of ground motions that match a desired spectrum. This selection process is guided by specific seismological criteria, including factors like earthquake magnitude, distance from the epicenter, site soil type, and the range of spectral periods that need to fit with the target spectrum. The selection algorithm and the available dataset of waveforms obviously play significant roles in this process. In many engineering and site response applications, it is essential that the input ground motion is representative for the shaking at the free surface of the Earth, and at times also a specific soil type may be required. However, real waveform databases often lack sufficient and/or consistent metadata related to the installation type and soil characterization of recording stations, as well as to the earthquake seismological parameters. This deficiency can lead to the selection of inappropriate waveforms, such as those recorded by stations situated within manmade structures (buildings, bridges, dams) or on a soil type different than the intended one. To address this issue, our approach for creating an appropriate waveform database applicable to Switzerland starts with the computation of seismic hazard disaggregation for return periods of 475 and 975 years. This computation helps identifying the magnitude-distance scenarios most relevant for the five seismic hazard zones defined in the Swiss building code. Once these magnitude-distance ranges are identified, we adhere to established standards regarding the quality control of three-component waveforms and their associated metadata. We assemble a database of waveforms by collating and homogenizing data from available global databases. In the interest of comprehensiveness, we also incorporate data obtained from 3D physics-based numerical simulations of strong-motion near the seismic source. Finally, we employ an algorithm that integrates the Eurocode 8 waveform selection criteria. This algorithm allows us to select and scale waveforms suitable for microzonation and structural analysis studies within each of Switzerland’s five seismic hazard zones. Selecting waveforms compatible with the target design spectra proves to be challenging due to the stringent criteria imposed by Eurocode 8. This challenge arises from the scarcity of recorded waveforms with verified metadata and precise site characterization in the desired magnitude-distance ranges.
The Relations Between Parents’ Beliefs, Parents’ Home Reading Practices, and Their Children’s Literacy Development in Kindergarten
Authors: Wu Qiling , Hindman Annemarie H.
Published: July 2024

Background

Research indicates that parents’ involvement in early literacy, particularly through book reading, matters for young children’s language and literacy development. OBJECTIVE: However, little is known about the nature and extent of family book reading across the U.S. nation or about which factors support parents’ involvement in book reading. In particular, parents’ beliefs about promoting literacy may be linked to their book-reading actions, which can foster their children’s learning. 

Method

We investigated several questions using the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten 2011 (ECLS-K) dataset: (1) How are demographic characteristics (ethnicity, SES, and child age) predictive of parents’ literacy beliefs and home reading practices during children’s kindergarten year?; (2) How do parents’ literacy beliefs contribute to parents’ home reading practices during children’s kindergarten year?; and (3) How do parents’ literacy beliefs and home reading practices relate to children’s literacy development during their kindergarten year? We focused on data from Fall 2010 through Spring 2011, spanning the kindergarten year, and utilized descriptive and multivariate regression techniques. 

Results

Regressions reveal that parents’ literacy beliefs are linked to their literacy practices, net of the effects of a variety of covariates. In turn, both beliefs and practices are uniquely linked to increases in children’s reading performance over the kindergarten year, demonstrating incremental validity for both sets of variables and reinforcing the importance of both beliefs and practices as part of the home learning environment. 

Conclusions

The findings of this study underscore the critical role of parents’ beliefs in contributing to their home reading practices, which, in turn, are positively related to kindergarteners’ literacy development, net of the effects of variety of important covariates.
Swayed by leading questions
Authors: Erčulj Vanja , Šulc Ajda
Published: July 2024

The use of leading questions as part of interrogation techniques and the factors associated with the witness suggestibility are well researched in the scientific literature. Nevertheless, literature on suggestibility in intentionally or unintentionally poorly designed social opinion surveys and push polls is scarce. The objective of this paper was to test how easily the public is swayed by leading questions in poorly designed surveys, whether certain group types of respondents in terms of their susceptibility exist, and to investigate the relationship between several demographic and personality characteristics and susceptibility. For this purpose, an online self-administered survey was conducted, containing a block of neutral and several blocks of leading questions about the respondents’ opinions on minority groups. The results indicated that the negative wording in questions was reflected in a more negative opinion on minority groups, while there are differences between respondents in their level of suggestibility. Three groups of respondents exist, i.e., non-suggestible (with no shift in opinion), suggestible (who express a more negative opinion on minorities following the suggestion), and contra-suggestible respondents (who react on the contrary and give a more positive opinion after a negative suggestion). Susceptibility to suggestion is associated with respondents’ age, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and social desirability. The results suggest that contra-suggestibility might counterbalance the error made by the leading questions, at least when more controversial topics are being surveyed.
Evaluating erosion risk models in a Scottish catchment using organic carbon fingerprinting
Authors: Wiltshire C. , Meersmans J. , Waine T. W. , Grabowski R. C. , Thornton B. , Addy S. , Glendell M.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Identification of hotspots of accelerated erosion of soil and organic carbon (OC) is critical to the targeting of soil conservation and sediment management measures. The erosion risk map (ERM) developed by Lilly and Baggaley (Soil erosion risk map of Scotland, 2018) for Scotland estimates erosion risk for the specific soil conditions in the region. However, the ERM provides no soil erosion rates. Erosion rates can be estimated by empirical models such as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Yet, RUSLE was not developed specifically for the soil conditions in Scotland. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of these two erosion models to determine whether RUSLE erosion rate estimates could be used to quantify the amount of soil eroded from high-risk areas identified in the ERM.

Methods

The study was conducted in the catchment of Loch Davan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Organic carbon loss models were constructed to compare land use specific OC yields based on RUSLE and ERM using OC fingerprinting as a benchmark. The estimated soil erosion rates in this study were also compared with recently published estimates in Scotland (Rickson et al. in Developing a method to estimate the costs of soil erosion in high-risk Scottish catchments, 2019).

Results

The region-specific ERM most closely approximated the relative land use OC yields in streambed sediment however, the results of RUSLE were very similar, suggesting that, in this catchment, RUSLE erosion rate estimates could be used to quantify the amount of soil eroded from the high-risk areas identified by ERM. The RUSLE estimates of soil erosion for this catchment were comparable to the soil erosion rates per land use estimated by Rickson et al. (Developing a method to estimate the costs of soil erosion in high-risk Scottish catchments, 2019) in Scottish soils except in the case of pasture/grassland likely due to the pastures in this catchment being grass ley where periods of surface vegetation cover/root network absence are likely to have generated higher rates of erosion.

Conclusion

Selection of suitable erosion risk models can be improved by the combined use of two sediment origin techniques—erosion risk modelling and OC sediment fingerprinting. These methods could, ultimately, support the development of targeted sediment management strategies to maintain healthy soils within the EU and beyond.
Accessibility, Usability, and Universal Design for Learning: Discussion of Three Key LX/UX Elements for Inclusive Learning Design
Authors: Choi Gi Woong , Seo JooYoung
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we aim to provide readers with three critical concepts that can maximize inclusivity of learner experience (LX) and user experience (UX) design: accessibility, usability, and universal design for learning (UDL). Although recent K-12 and postsecondary education have experienced rapid change in its student population with the growing awareness of the equal opportunities for all, general design methods of addressing such diversity across formal and informal learning contexts are still prone to retrofitted changes to predefined instructions in favor of standardization. This is due in part to the limited interpretation of accessibility as the concept for the medical model of disabilities where learners with disabilities are not regarded as users or consumers, but as clients or patients. Moreover, LX and UX have been widely designed with the usability of dominant group in mind while trading off exclusion of those who cannot fit themselves into it. However, accessibility and usability are not mutually exclusive; rather, a truly inclusive learning design (i.e. UDL) comes from the interplay between them. Through the paper, we provide definition and description of each concept and provide practical examples of how UDL principles can be applied to inclusive learning design.
Timing of the repeat thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy: does early repeat biopsy change the rate of nondiagnostic or atypia of undetermined significance cytology result?
Authors: Dellal Kahramanca Fatma Dilek , Sacikara Muhammet , Kilicarslan Aydan , Ogmen Berna , Aydin Cevdet , Topaloglu Oya , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To determine whether early repeat fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) has an effect on adequate or atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) cytology rates in thyroid nodules with inadequate or AUS result in the first FNA.

Methods

Nodules of patients who underwent repeat biopsy due to insufficient or AUS cytology between 2019–2022 were included. Data of the patients and ultrasonographic, cytological and histopathological results of the nodules were recorded. Additionally, the time between the two biopsies was noted. The first was called “initial” and the second was called “rebiopsy”. Five different paired groups were formed according to the time between two consecutive biopsies; before and after 1 month, 45 days, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months. The groups were compared in terms of adequate and AUS cytological results.

Results

We evaluated 1129 patients with 2187 nodules undergoing FNAB. After excluding nodules with one FNA result and/or missing data, 966 nodules of 628 patients who underwent FNA at least twice were included. Initial cytology was nondiagnostic (ND) in 665 (30.4%) and AUS in 301 (13.8%) nodules. The mean age of the patients was 52.0 ± 11.9 years, and the female sex ratio was 78.8% (n = 495). There were no differences in adequate or AUS rebiopsy results according to the different time interval groups (p > 0.05 for all). AUS result was statistically insignificantly more frequent in nodules with initially AUS nodules when rebiopsy was performed before 1 month in comparison to after 1 month (53.8%, 27.1%; p = 0.054). Accuracy of rebiopsy was also similar in the time intervals groups (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

In patients with inadequate or AUS initial biopsy, the rate of adequate or AUS cytology results at rebiopsy did not vary with the timing of repeat biopsy indicating that there may be no need to wait 1 month for a repeat biopsy. In patients with suspicious nodules, biopsy might be repeated before 1 month.
The Role of the Intestinal Flora and Its Derivatives in Neurocognitive Disorders: A Narrative Review from Surgical Perspective
Authors: Huang Jian , Qin Tian-Shou , Bo Yun , Li Yu-Jin , Liu Rong-Sheng , Yu Yang , Li Xiao-Dong , He Jin-Can , Ma Ai-Xin , Tao Da-Peng , Ren Wen-Jun , Peng Jun
Published: July 2024

Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction is a significant concern for population health, impacting postoperative recovery and increasing the financial burden on patients. With an increasing number of surgical procedures being performed, the prevention and management of perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction have garnered significant attention. While factors such as age, lifestyle, genetics, and education are known to influence the development of cognitive dysfunction, recent research has highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in neurological health. An increased abundance of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota can trigger and worsen neuroinflammation, neuronal cell damage, and impaired cellular autophagy. Moreover, the inflammation-promoting gut microbiota can disrupt immune function, impair neuroautophagy, and affect the production and circulation of extracellular vesicles and neurotransmitters. These factors collectively play a role in the onset and advancement of cognitive impairment. This narrative review delves into the molecular mechanisms through which gut microbiota and their derivatives contribute to cognitive impairment, focusing on the impact of anesthesia surgery, changes in gut microbial populations, and perioperative cognitive impairment associations. The study suggests that alterations in the abundance of various bacterial species and their metabolites pre- and post-surgery may be linked to postoperative cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the potential of probiotics or prebiotics in addressing cognitive impairment is discussed, offering a promising avenue for investigating the treatment of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
Effect of Nitrogen on the Precipitation and Pitting Corrosion Susceptibility of High Nitrogen 316SS Weld
Authors: Mannepalli Srinivas , Anne Ravi Shankar , Ningshen Sublime
Published: July 2024

The present study aimed to understand the effect of nitrogen on the carbide precipitation and its influence on pitting corrosion of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen 316SS weld. Nitrogen addition to weld reduces Cr availability sites in ferrite and enhances Cr in nearby austenite. Although higher carbon and continuous ferrite with ferritic austenitic mode exist, the changes in the degree of sensitisation were avoided at all the stages, and marginal changes in pitting potential (Epit) at 898 K/100 h and 998 K/24 h were observed. Nitrogen addition to weld further reduced the number of stable pits in ferrite and austenite, and the protectiveness of passive film was affected by nitrogen in ferrite and austenite, which affected pit propagation. This results in stable pits in ferrite and austenite, which affects pit propagation during thermal ageing.
On the Importance of Including Cohesive Zone Models in Modelling Mixed-Mode Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Concannon J. , Máirtín E. Ó. , FitzGibbon B. , Hynes N. , Sultan S. , McGarry J. P.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The precise mechanism of rupture in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has not yet been uncovered. The phenomenological failure criterion of the coefficient of proportionality between von Mises stress and tissue strength does not account for any mechanistic foundation of tissue fracture. Experimental studies have shown that arterial failure is a stepwise process of fibrous delamination (mode II) and kinking (mode I) between layers. Such a mechanism has not previously been considered for AAA rupture.

Methods

In the current study we consider both von Mises stress in the wall, in addition to interlayer tractions and delamination using cohesive zone models. Firstly, we present a parametric investigation of the influence of a range of AAA anatomical features on the likelihood of elevated interlayer traction and delamination.

Results

We observe in several cases that the location of peak von Mises stress and tangential traction coincide. Our simulations also reveal however, that peak von Mises and intramural tractions are not coincident for aneurysms with Length/Radius less than 2 (short high-curvature aneurysms) and for aneurysms with symmetric intraluminal thrombus (ILT). For an aneurysm with (L/R = 2.0), the peak $${\sigma }_{vm}$$

σ

vm

moves slightly towards the origin while the peak $${T}_{t}$$

T
t

is near the peak bulge with a separation distance of ~ 17 mm. Additionally, we present three patient-specific AAA models derived directly from CT scans, which also illustrate that the location of von Mises stress does not correlate with the point of interlayer delamination.

Conclusion

This study suggests that incorporating cohesive zone models into clinical based FE analyses may capture a greater proportion of ruptures in-silico.
Estimating body condition of Apennine brown bears using subjective scoring based on camera trap photographs
Authors: Lacy Hannah , De Cuyper Annelies , Dalerum Fredrik , Tosoni Elisabetta , Clauss Marcus , Ciucci Paolo , Meloro Carlo
Published: July 2024

The assessment of animal body condition has important practical and management implications for endangered wildlife populations. The nutritional condition of a population can be evaluated in a non-invasive way using photogrammetry techniques, avoiding direct manipulation. This study evaluates the utility of using body condition scoring (BCS) based on the visual assessment of subcutaneous fat and muscle from the body contour as a non-invasive method to quantify body condition in free ranging bears from camera trap photographs. Photographs of Apennine brown bears (Ursus arctos marsicanus), taken between 2007 and 2009 in the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park (PNALM, Italy), were used to evaluate the potential of this technique. BCS assessment was performed on 754 photographs representing 71 independent observations. Forty-eight of these photographs were selected to also score quantitative body ratios using a standardised measure of torso height. BCS varied seasonally, as expected by food availability and brown bear nutritional physiology, and it was also positively correlated to all three body ratios. Our findings indicate that BCS assessment is a good proxy for body condition, and that camera trap data can be effectively used to assess and monitor the nutritional condition of bear populations, such as the critically endangered one in central Italy.
Improving the accessibility of subject English for students with language and/or attention difficulties
Authors: Tancredi Haley , Graham Linda J. , Killingly Callula
Published: July 2024

The study of English is compulsory throughout all 13 years of schooling in Australia and, while there are differentiated options in the senior years of school, these do not have the same parity of esteem nor transactional value. Previous research has identified patterns of enrolment in high versus low-status subjects, reflecting differential access to powerful knowledge and further educational opportunity. To date, research has focused on patterns of inequalities in enrolment access along socioeconomic lines with comparatively less attention to the accessibility of pedagogy and assessment, particularly for students with high-incidence disabilities like Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this study, we draw on individual achievement and interview data to consider the accessibility of subject English from the perspectives of 59 Year 10 students identified as having language and/or attentional difficulties consistent with DLD and ADHD. In describing their ease or difficulty with subject English, students reported attributions to self (e.g., their ability to write or to concentrate), and attributions to the subject (e.g., explicitness of success criteria, flexibility of assessment requirements, and the in/accessibility of teaching). Attributions to the subject dominated students’ responses, however, students also described a range of supportive pedagogical practices that—if implemented consistently and effectively—may help to increase the accessibility of subject English for students with language and/or attentional difficulties, providing more equitable opportunities for these students to gain from their participation in this important compulsory subject.
Prototype as query for few shot semantic segmentation
Authors: Cao Leilei , Guo Yibo , Yuan Ye , Jin Qiangguo
Published: July 2024

Few-shot Semantic Segmentation (FSS) was proposed to segment unseen classes in a query image, referring to only a few annotated examples named support images. One of the characteristics of FSS is spatial inconsistency between query and support targets, e.g., texture or appearance. This greatly challenges the generalization ability of methods for FSS, which requires to effectively exploit the dependency of the query image and the support examples. Most existing methods abstracted support features into prototype vectors and implemented the interaction with query features using cosine similarity or feature concatenation. However, this simple interaction may not capture spatial details in query features. To address this limitation, some methods utilized pixel-level support information by computing pixel-level correlations between paired query and support features implemented with the attention mechanism of Transformer. Nevertheless, these approaches suffer from heavy computation due to dot-product attention between all pixels of support and query features. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, termed ProtoFormer, built upon the Transformer architecture, to fully capture spatial details in query features. ProtoFormer treats the abstracted prototype of the target class in support features as the Query and the query features as Key and Value embeddings, which are input to the Transformer decoder. This approach enables better capture of spatial details and focuses on the semantic features of the target class in the query image. The output of the Transformer-based module can be interpreted as semantic-aware dynamic kernels that filter the segmentation mask from the enriched query features. Extensive experiments conducted on PASCAL-$$5^{i}$$

5
i

and COCO-$$20^{i}$$

20
i

datasets demonstrate that ProtoFormer significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in FSS.
In the Eye of the Beholder: Visualizing Strengths, Burdens and Desires Through the Lens of Neurodivergent Children, Their Parents, and Professionals Using the Yucel Method
Authors: Mercera Gabriëlle , Kalis Thomas , Vervoort-Schel Jessica , Moonen Xavier
Published: July 2024

Objectives

In mental healthcare, there is a growing emphasis on one’s strengths and context instead of focusing primarily on individual deficiencies, pathologies, risks, and negative emotions. Using the visual and tactile Yucel method, this study gains insight into strengths, burdens, and desires of neurodivergent children in residential care and their parents from different perspectives.

Methods

In this qualitative study, a total of 45 interviews with the Yucel method were conducted with nine neurodivergent children, their parents, and involved professionals. All built a constellation of the child and family’s strengths, burdens, and desires using the Yucel method. To explore if by applying this visual and tactile method additional information is provided to that gathered in the standard diagnostic process, the information of the Yucel method was compared to the information found in the multidisciplinary reports of the children.

Results

Thematic analysis showed that besides common mentioned strengths (e.g., mother, sports and activities) and burdens (mental health problems), differences in the informants' perspectives were found. Parents mentioned strengths and burdens that were not addressed by other informants and a diversity in needs was found. The comparison of the results from the interviews with the Yucel method with the information in the multidisciplinary reports showed that the Yucel method provided additional information.

Conclusions

The Yucel method brought more strengths and perspectives into view than diagnostics as usual in the first three months of residential care. This study contributes to the knowledge regarding personal, strength-based, and family-oriented diagnostics in mental healthcare of neurodivergent children and their families.
Thermomechanical Vibration Response of Solid and Foam FGM Nano Actuator/Sensor Plates
Authors: Yıldız Tuğçe
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In this study, the effect of foam structure on the thermomechanical behaviour of high void ratio porous FGM piezoelectric smart nanoplates is investigated.

Method

The material of the smart nanoplate consists of PZT-4 on the bottom surface and BaTiO3 on the top surface and is formed by functional grading of these two materials along the thickness of the plate. Four different foam distribution models are modelled to examine the foam structure of the highly porous smart nanoplate, which has become widespread in biosensor applications. For this reason, uniform, symmetrical, top symmetrical and bottom symmetrical foam distribution models are created up to 75% void ratio. To determine the nano size, equations of motion are obtained by using nonlocal strain gradient elasticity and sinusoidal shear deformation theories together, and these equations are solved by the Navier method according to general boundary conditions.

Result and Conclusions

As a result of the analysis, it is observed that the applied external electric potential creates a softening effect on the plates with the piezoelectric elasticity effect and therefore reduces the thermal buckling temperatures. It is observed that the presence of the foam structure significantly improves the thermal resistance of the material and increases the buckling temperatures. It is also observed that the foam distribution model has significant effects on the thermomechanical behaviour.
High-Energy–Density Fiber Supercapacitors Based on Transition Metal Oxide Nanoribbon Yarns for Comprehensive Wearable Electronics
Authors: Ahn Junseong , Padmajan Sasikala Suchithra , Jeong Yongrok , Kim Jin Goo , Ha Ji-Hwan , Hwang Soon Hyoung , Jeon Sohee , Choi Junhyuk , Kang Byung-Ho , Ahn Jihyeon , Jeong Jun-Ho , Kim Sang Ouk , Park Inkyu
Published: July 2024

Fiber supercapacitors (FSs) based on transition metal oxides (TMOs) have garnered considerable attention as energy storage solutions for wearable electronics owing to their exceptional characteristics, including superior comfortability and low weights. These materials are known to exhibit high energy densities, high specific capacitances, and fast redox reactions. However, current fabrication methods for these structures primarily rely on chemical deposition, often resulting in undesirable material structures and necessitating the use of additives, which can degrade the electrochemical performance of such structures. Herein, physically deposited TMO nanoribbon yarns generated via delamination engineering of nanopatterned TMO/metal/TMO trilayer arrays are proposed as potential high-performance FSs. To prepare these arrays, the target materials were initially deposited using a nanoline mold, and subsequently, the nanoribbon was suspended through selective plasma etching to obtain the desired twisted yarn structures. Because of the direct formation of TMOs on Ni electrodes, a high energy/power density and excellent electrochemical stability were achieved in asymmetric FS devices incorporating CoNixOy nanoribbon yarns and graphene fibers. Furthermore, a triboelectric nanogenerator, pressure sensor, and flexible light-emitting diode were synergistically combined with the FS. The integration of wearable electronic components, encompassing energy harvesting, energy storage, and powering sensing/display devices, is promising for the development of future smart textiles.

Graphical Abstract
Analyzing Data Streams from Cyber-Physical-Systems: A Case Study
Authors: Beyel Harry H. , Makke Omar , Pourbafrani Mahsa , Gusikhin Oleg , van der Aalst Wil M. P.
Published: July 2024

We show that conducting a process-mining-centric analysis concerning cyber-physical systems provides insights into usage behavior. To show that, we perform our analysis on connected-vehicle data. We transform connected-vehicle data into an event log. We analyze the resulting event log using various process-mining techniques. In particular, we apply basic statistical analysis as well as process-discovery and conformance-checking techniques to receive a well-representative process model. We apply various process-enhancement techniques to get deeper insights. Finally, we capture a multi-perspective view using a state-based approach. We show deviations between a de-jure model and our picked process model, leading to better knowledge concerning real user behavior. We observed that the predefined escalation of warning states does not happen. Additionally, we verified system requirements. Furthermore, we show that the reasons for drivers’ behavior are not related to system issues. Applying process-mining techniques to data concerning cyber-physical systems provides valuable insights into their functionality in a real-world setting. By utilizing process-mining techniques, we can extract insights to a human-understandable level and provide a well-studied access point.
Physicochemical Properties of Two Mexican Stingless Bee Honeys to Strengthen Their Biocultural Value
Authors: Xolalpa-Aroche Aurora , Hernández-Mena David I. , Moguel-Chin Wilson I. , Contreras-Peruyero Haydeé , Rivero-Cruz Blanca E. , Ortiz-Vázquez Elizabeth , Rivero-Cruz J. Fausto , M. Rodrigo A. Velarde , Delgado-Suárez Enrique J.
Published: July 2024

Honey production in Mexico is an ancient economic, social, and biocultural activity for indigenous communities, Mayas, and Totonacs, among others. Stingless bee honeys are used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, dermatological, and ophthalmic ailments as they contain compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal activities. Here, a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of Mexican stingless bee honeys is presented as a contribution to strengthening the practice of meliponiculture by native Mayan and Totonac communities. By delivering information on the main physicochemical parameters for the honeys of Melipona beecheii and Scaptotrigona mexicana, it is intended to increase their commercial and biocultural value in different regions of Mexico, taking into consideration the different zootechnical management techniques used by these communities. A statistical analysis was performed to identify if there were significant differences in the physicochemical parameters evaluated. Significant differences were observed in moisture level, pH, sugar composition, and HMF content between at least two of the honeys analyzed. Furthermore, a principal component analysis confirmed these differences by showing a distinct profile for Scaptotrigona mexicana honey when compared to the honeys of two other species. Here, the information that stingless beekeepers can use to classify and characterize the honeys they produce is provided. This information will complement the indisputable efforts by native populations to conserve biological biodiversity, the defense of their territories, and the various ancestral practices employed for the breeding, management, and reproduction of stingless bees. Furthermore, this information will help to increase the economic sustainability of meliponiculture by these communities.

Graphical Abstract
Coping strategies adapted by parents caring for children with cancer: a qualitative exploratory study in Ghana
Authors: Marfo Margaret , Acheampong Angela Kwartemaa , David Deegbe Atsu , Aziato Lydia
Published: July 2024

Background

Caring for children with cancer by parents in Ghana is associated with diverse psychological and emotional burdens. However, such parents utilize coping strategies to adjust to their distressing situations. There is dearth of literature on the coping strategies of parents of children diagnosed with cancer in Ghana. Therefore, this study sought to explore the coping strategies adapted by parents of children with cancer.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was employed to conduct the study. Purposive sampling method was used to recruit seventeen parents of children with cancer. Semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct in-depth data collection. Data was analysed using content analysis approach.

Results and discussion

Parents reported that emotional and spiritual support enhanced parental coping to the ordeal associated with caring for children with cancer. The parents shared that counselling, self-motivation and inspiration from family and health professionals immensely assisted them to cope. Spiritual support through personal belief in God, religious activities and support from their priests and church members were other strategies parents employed to cope with the traumatising experience associated with caring for children with cancer.

Conclusion

This study concludes that parents of children with cancer are better able to cope with the distress encountered in their children’s care journey through emotional and spiritual support.
A human-in-the-loop method for pulmonary nodule detection in CT scans
Authors: Zeng Qingjie , Xie Yutong , Lu Zilin , Xia Yong
Published: July 2024

Automated pulmonary nodule detection using computed tomography scans is vital in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Although extensive well-performed methods have been proposed for this task, they suffer from the domain shift issue between training and test images. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) methods provide a promising means to mitigate the domain variance; however, their performance is still limited since no target domain supervision is introduced. To make the pulmonary nodule detection algorithm more applicable in clinical practice and further boost the performance across domains, we propose a human-in-the-loop method in a semi-supervised fashion to enhance the model generalization ability when transferred from source domain to target domain. Specifically, we first train a detector model on source domain, and then the pre-trained detector is utilized with our proposed uncertainty-guided sample selection scheme (USSS) to find a few target domain samples worth annotating most and obtain their human annotations. Finally, the annotated and the rest unlabeled target domain samples are used together to refine the pre-trained model via our proposed zoom-in and zoom-out constraint (ZZC) strategy. We evaluate our method on the Nodule Analysis 2016 (LUNA16) and TianChi datasets. Experimental results show that our method surpasses recent competitive methods on source domain and also achieves surprising performance on target domain.
Urban security challenges in major cities, with a specific emphasis on privacy management in the metropolises
Authors: Khaliji Mohammad Ali , Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri Kamran
Published: July 2024

The rapid growth of urban populations, particularly in the global south, has led to significant challenges in urban security. Insufficient urban security measures can hinder the achievement of future development goals. This study explores the impact of rapid urbanization in capital cities on social, cultural, and environmental issues. The influx of individuals who are not fully integrated into the city can compromise urban security and increase vulnerability in certain groups and areas. The research aims to investigate urban privacy in relation to urban security, with a specific focus on privacy management in the capital city. The study utilizes an applied approach with a descriptive and analytical methodology. The statistical population consists of 856,565 individuals, with a sample of 383 people selected through simple random sampling. The questionnaire was validated by experts, and the reliability of different sections was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. The findings highlight the influence of factors such as lack of collaboration among security experts, diverse attitudes and political views, and legal and managerial differences on urban privacy vulnerability. Many studies have focused on general urban issues or specific crimes without addressing urban security. Weak regulations, inadequate plans and budgets, and a lack of security equipment are identified as variables affecting the security of the capital city. Managerial, legal, and structural vulnerabilities contribute to insecurity, lawlessness, cultural disparities, and a lack of safety and security in Tehran. The factor with the greatest impact (16.07%) is "coalition between security professionals," while the factor with the smallest impact (6.32%) is "sufficient security for investment and safety in night travel" among the total variables.
Deification in Classical Greek Philosophy and the Bible
Authors: Murphy James Bernard
Published: July 2024

To be human is to strive to be better, and we cannot be better without knowing what is best. In ancient Greek philosophy and the Bible, what is best is god. Plato and Aristotle argue that the goal of human life is to become as much like god as is humanly possible. Despite its obvious importance, this theme of assimilation to god has been neglected in Anglo-American scholarship. Classical Greek philosophy is best understood as a religious quest for divinity by means of rational discipline. By showing how Greek philosophy grows out of ancient Greek religion and how the philosophical quest for god compares to the biblical quest, we see Plato and Aristotle properly as major religious thinkers. In their shared quest for divine perfection, Greek philosophy and the Bible have enough in common to make their differences deeply illuminating.
Big Five Domains and Facets Contextualized to the Work Domain Outperform Noncontextualized Ones
Authors: Danner Daniel , Lechner Clemens M.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: It is well-established that personality predicts a broad range of outcomes across life domains. However, the criterion validity of personality assessments is often limited. One strategy to increase criterion validity is to move from global, noncontextualized personality assessments toward contextualized personality assessments with reference to a specific context. We investigated whether a Big Five assessment contextualized to the work domain allows for better predictions of work-related outcomes than a noncontextualized Big Five assessment. Two hundred ninety respondents completed both the standard Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) and a work-specific variant thereof. In addition, they provided information on a broad range of work-related outcomes (job satisfaction, turnover intentions, organizational citizenship behavior, burnout risk, and occupational commitment), as well as on global health, a not strictly work-related outcome. Results showed that the contextualized personality assessment generally outperformed the noncontextualized one in terms of criterion validity for all outcomes, with the exception of global health. This applied to both the five broad personality domains and the 15 narrow personality facets. We conclude that if maximizing criterion validity in the work domain is the goal, contextualized personality assessments are preferable to noncontextualized ones.
New Zealand Has a Unique Fossil Record Named FRED
Authors: Evans Kate
Published: July 2024

The near-complete database reflects a spirit of trust and collaboration among the country’s scientific community—but will it last?