bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A third‐order entropy condition scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Dong Haitao , Zhou Tong , Liu Fujun
Published: February 2024

Following the solution formula method given in Dong et al. (High order discontinuities decomposition entropy condition schemes for Euler equations. CFD J. 2002;10(4): 448–457), this article studies a type of one‐step fully‐discrete scheme, and constructs a third‐order scheme which is written into a compact form via a new limiter. The highlights of this study and advantages of new third‐order scheme are as follows: ① We proposed a very simple new methodology of constructing one‐step, consistent high‐order and non‐oscillation schemes that do not rely on Runge–Kutta method; ② We systematically studied new scheme's theoretical problems about entropy conditions, error analysis, and non‐oscillation conditions; ③ The new scheme achieves exact solution in linear cases and performing better in nonlinear cases when CFL → 1; ④ The new scheme is third order but high resolution with excellent shock‐capturing capacity which is comparable to fifth order WENO scheme; ⑤ CPU time of new scheme is only a quarter of WENO5 + RK3 under same computing condition; ⑥ For engineering applications, the new scheme is extended to multi‐dimensional Euler equations under curvilinear coordinates. Numerical experiments contain 1D scalar equation, 1D,2D,3D Euler equations. Accuracy tests are carried out using 1D linear scalar equation, 1D Burgers equation and 2D Euler equations and two sonic point tests are carried out to show the effect of entropy condition linearization. All tests are compared with results of WENO5 and finally indicate EC3 is cheaper in computational expense.
CAMELS‐SE: Long‐term hydroclimatic observations (1961–2020) across 50 catchments in Sweden as a resource for modelling, education, and collaboration
Authors: Teutschbein Claudia
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces a community‐accessible dataset comprising daily hydroclimatic variables (precipitation, temperature, and streamflow) observed in 50 catchments in Sweden (median size of 1019 km2). The dataset covers a 60‐year period (1961–2020) and includes information on geographical location, landcover, soil classes, hydrologic signatures, and regulation for each catchment. Data were collected from various sources, such as the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, the Swedish Geological Survey, and several Copernicus products provided by the European Environment Agency. The compiled, spatially‐matched, and processed data are publicly available online through the Swedish National Data Service (https://snd.se/en), contributing a new region to the collection of existing CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large‐sample Studies) datasets. The CAMELS‐SE dataset spans a wide range of hydroclimatic, topographic, and environmental catchment properties, making it a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners to study hydrological processes, climate dynamics, environmental impacts, and sustainable water management strategies in Nordic regions.
Exploring the long‐term sustainability of school‐based nutrition and food programs: What works, where and why?
Authors: Fathi Leila I. , Yang Danyu , Walker Jacqueline L. , Robinson Mark , Littlewood Robyn A. , Truby Helen
Published: February 2024

Issue Addressed

Most food and nutrition programs cease within 2 years. Understanding the determinants of program sustainability is crucial to maximise output from funding, whilst allowing sufficient time for program benefits to be achieved. This study applied the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to map the barriers and enablers of successful long‐term implementation of school‐based nutrition and food programs.

Methods

Qualitative methods with purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit experts who were identified as being influential in implementing and sustaining long‐term (>2 years) school‐based food and nutrition programs. Semi‐structured interviews with global experts were conducted, transcribed verbatim and coded deductively (by applying the CFIR constructs) and inductively when required. Thematic analysis informed the development of themes.

Results

Interviews were conducted with 11 experts including researchers, government employees, and a consultant of an international agency, from seven countries. Forty‐eight deductive codes and eight inductive codes identified six main themes: (1) funding and integrity of its source; (2) political landscape; (3) nutrition policies and their monitoring; (4) involvement of community actors; (5) adaptability of the program and (6) effective program evaluation. Themes related mainly to the ‘outer setting’ domain of the CFIR.

Conclusions

The CFIR highlighted pertinent factors that influence the successful long‐term implementation of school‐based food and nutrition programs.

So What?

The findings suggest that to sustain program implementation beyond its initial funding, relationships across government departments, local organisations and communities, need to be nurtured and prioritised from the outset.
The role of interleukin‐22 in mammalian intestinal homeostasis: Friend and foe
Authors: Klotskova Hedi‐Britt , Kidess Evelien , Nadal Adria L. , Brugman Sylvia
Published: February 2024

Interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) is an important cytokine in the intestinal environment. IL‐22 is mainly produced by immune cells and targeted at nonimmune cells such as epithelial and stromal cells in a broad array of tissues such as ‐but not restricted to‐ the liver and adipose tissue. IL‐22 therefore connects immune functions with metabolic functions of the host, and since it is induced by the microbiota, connects host functioning to the outside environment. IL‐22 induces epithelial cell proliferation aiding in rapid epithelium regeneration and wound healing. Additionally, IL‐22 activates antiapoptotic genes and DNA damage response pathways, enhancing epithelial cell survival. Recently, it has also been shown that IL‐22 induces Paneth cell differentiation in humans. However, IL‐22 can also contribute to intestinal epithelium damage and reduces microbial diversity in the intestine directly or indirectly by inducing excessive antimicrobial peptide production by epithelial cells. Moreover, IL‐22 enhances angiogenesis and may therefore support tumorigenesis in the intestine. In conclusion, it appears that whether IL‐22 has a beneficial or harmful effect in the mammalian intestine largely depends on its regulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature and emphasizes that IL‐22 signaling outcome depends on the timing and duration of IL‐22 production, the presence of it regulators such as IL‐22BP, and the specific location of the cytokine production in the gastrointestinal tract.
Engineered RNA‐Binding Proteins: Studying and Controlling RNA Regulation
Authors: Sinnott Riley W. , Cao Yang , Dickinson Bryan C.
Published: February 2024

The complexity of eukaryotic organisms is intricately tied to transcriptome‐level processes, notably alternative splicing and the precise modulation of gene expression through a sophisticated interplay involving RNA‐binding protein (RBP) networks and their RNA targets. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways responsible for this control have paved the way for the development of tools capable of steering and managing RNA regulation and gene expression. The fusion between a rapidly developing understanding of endogenous RNA regulation and the burgeoning capabilities of CRISPR‐Cas and other programmable RBP platforms has given rise to an exciting frontier in engineered RNA regulators. This review offers an overview of the existing toolkit for constructing synthetic RNA regulators using programmable RBPs and effector domains, capable of altering RNA sequence composition or fate, and explores their diverse applications in both basic research and therapeutic contexts.
Domestication of the Maputo Protocol in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Leveraging regional human rights commitments for abortion decriminalization and access
Authors: Hefez Jeanne , Mulunda Jean‐Claude , Tumba Anne‐Marie , Mpoyi Mike , Dabash Rasha
Published: February 2024

The Maputo Protocol, adopted over 20 years ago, is a promising regional treaty for advancing gender equity and sexual and reproductive health and rights. This instrument has driven progress in women's health and rights across Africa, with much remaining to achieve to realize its full potential for women and girls, including access to safe abortion. The present paper shares the strategies and lessons from the Democratic Republic of Congo's (DRC) reform centered on the domestication of the Protocol, specifically applying its commitments on abortion decriminalization and access. With a vision of addressing maternal mortality and rectifying the impacts of widespread sexual violence against women during war, abortion as a human right and health imperative was at the heart of the DRC's reform. Governmental commitment, broad coalition building, evidence generation, and an intersectional advocacy agenda were critical to overcoming opposition, stigma, and other challenges. This paper shares key learnings from the DRC's complex yet collaborative reform strategies and its processes. The strategy prioritized domestication of the Protocol for numerous reforms, including paving the path to legal abortion on the broad grounds of rape or incest, and saving women's health and/or life. With a commitment to maximizing quality, access, task sharing, and equity, progressive national comprehensive abortion guidelines were created alongside an implementation roadmap for accountability. The DRC's experience leveraging the Maputo Protocol's obligations to advance abortion rights and access offers valuable insights for consideration globally.
Advance layoff notices and aggregate job loss
Authors: Krolikowski Pawel M. , Lunsford Kurt G.
Published: February 2024

We collect data from Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act notices and establish their usefulness as an indicator of aggregate job loss. The number of workers affected by WARN notices (“WARN layoffs”) leads state‐level initial unemployment insurance claims and unemployment rate (UR) and private employment changes. WARN layoffs comove with aggregate layoffs from Mass Layoff Statistics and the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey but are timelier and cover a longer sample. In a vector autoregression, changes in WARN layoffs lead UR changes and job separations. Finally, they improve pseudo real‐time forecasts of the UR and private employment changes.
Residence time distribution of continuous capture of recombinant antibody by precipitation and two stage tangential flow filtration
Authors: Recanati Gabriele , Lali Narges , De Mathia Fernando , Jungbauer Alois
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The determination of the residence time distribution of an entire process or process step in integrated continuous biomanufacturing is required for process understanding, traceability determination and to efficiently handle process disturbances. When recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies are captured by continuous precipitation and two‐stage filtration, the question arises whether simple salt is suitable as a tracer or whether a labeled protein is required.

RESULTS

We have investigated the use of various inert tracers, sodium nitrate (NaNO3) due to its absorbance at UV 280 nm, and fluorescently labeled or unlabeled antibodies to determine the RTD of the product at steady‐state and in the start‐up and shut‐down phases. All tracers are suitable for measuring the RTD of the precipitated antibody for individual unit operations. For interconnected unit operations, if the product is concentrated, the RTD can be determined with labeled or unlabeled antibodies, because it is not possible to concentrate salts in a microfiltration unit. The duration of the start‐up and shut‐down phases depends on the concentration factor applied in two‐stage filtration, and the number of reactor volumes required to reach steady state corresponds to the concentration factor. Around 1.6 reactor volumes are required for the shutdown phase for 99% wash‐out.

CONCLUSION

The integrated process has a plug flow characteristic, which is advantageous as the process can react quickly when process deviations occur. © 2024 The Authors.Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Teaching strategy adaptations in undergraduate dental education during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bashary Nadav Z. , Levine Marci H.
Published: February 2024

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, dental institutions were challenged to rapidly adapt to the inability of teaching in‐person lectures and pre‐clinical simulations. Strategies had to be quickly developed to guarantee the safety of faculty and students, while also adhering to national guidelines to ensure that educational standards were met and students’ graduations and entrance into residency programs were not delayed. This literature review assesses the novel strategies that dental schools created and implemented to teach in a distance‐learning platform and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies. In addition, this review talks about the lessons learned during the pandemic and the incorporation of successful strategies after the pandemic ended.

Methods

This review evaluated the literature using PubMed and ScienceDirect with the following keywords: “teaching strategies,” “dental education,” and “COVID‐19.” The search strategy yielded 15 articles that assessed relevant teaching strategies that were implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Results

The literature described the swift response of dental institutions in implementing teaching strategies in response to the inability of continuing in‐person teaching. An overwhelming majority of institutions moved their didactic lectures to online platforms. Several institutions implemented online simulations with virtual reality models, videos and discussion boards, standardized patient actors, and case‐based discussions.

Conclusion

Many of the teaching strategies that were implemented as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic were highly effective. Dental schools were able to satisfy Commission on Dental Accreditation standards and meet students’ requirements for graduation during the pandemic despite the rapid and unplanned shift away from in‐person instruction and simulation secondary to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
A review of the reproductive biology of mormyroid fishes: An emerging model for biomedical research
Authors: Saunders Alyssa N. , Gallant Jason R.
Published: February 2024

Mormyroidea is a superfamily of weakly electric African fishes with great potential as a model in a variety of biomedical research areas including systems neuroscience, muscle cell and craniofacial development, ion channel biophysics, and flagellar/ciliary biology. However, they are currently difficult to breed in the laboratory setting, which is essential for any tractable model organism. As such, there is a need to better understand the reproductive biology of mormyroids to breed them more reliably in the laboratory to effectively use them as a biomedical research model. This review seeks to (1) briefly highlight the biomedically relevant phenotypes of mormyroids and (2) compile information about mormyroid reproduction including sex differences, breeding season, sexual maturity, gonads, gametes, and courtship/spawning behaviors. We also highlight areas of mormyroid reproductive biology that are currently unexplored and/or have the potential for further investigation that may provide insights into more successful mormyroid laboratory breeding methods.
Compassion and equity‐focused clinical genomics training for health professional learners
Authors: Berninger Taylor J. , Rajagopalan Ramya M. , Bloss Cinnamon S.
Published: February 2024

There remains an urgent need for expanded genomics training in undergraduate medical education, especially as genetic and genomic assessments become increasingly important in primary care and routine clinical practice across specialties. Physician trainees continue to report feeling poorly prepared to provide effective consultation or interpretation of genomic test results. Here we report on the development, pilot implementation, and evaluation of an elective offering for pre‐clinical medical students called the Sanford Precision Health Scholars Immersive Learning Experience (PHS), which was designed leveraging genetic counseling expertise as one means to address this need. This 9‐week course, piloted in Fall 2021 at UC San Diego, afforded students the opportunity to build technical skills and competencies in clinical genomics while identifying, addressing, and engaging with pervasive health disparities in genomics. Interactive exercises focused students' learning on strategies for empathic and compassionate patient interactions while supporting the application of concepts and knowledge to future practice. Upon completion of the course, participants reported increases in confidence related to skills required for clinical genomics practice. Drawing on learnings from this pilot implementation, recommendations for refining the program include deepening pedagogical engagement with ethical issues, expanding the offering to trainees across health professions, including pharmacy students, and incorporating an optional experiential learning component. Educational offerings, like PHS, that are designed with the input of genetic counseling expertise may ease pressures on the genetic counseling profession by building a more genomic‐literate healthcare workforce that can better support efforts to expand access for patients.
Race, ethnicity, and ancestry reporting in genetic counseling research: A focused mapping review and synthesis
Authors: Arpone Marta , Turbitt Erin , McEwen Alison
Published: February 2024

Studies on the use of Race, Ethnicity, and Ancestry (REA) concepts and terms in genetic research are limited. We aimed to describe the collection, reporting, and use of REA data in genetic counseling research. We undertook a focused mapping review and synthesis of the Journal of Genetic Counseling 2021 publications. We used a mapping proforma based on the Race, Ethnicity, And Culture in Health checklist to extract data. Of the 177 screened articles, 132 met our inclusion criteria of reporting primary data about participants. The sample REA characteristics were described in 80 (61%) articles, with 6% providing a definition or conceptualization of the REA term/s used and 23% including a rationale for their study in terms of REA factors. Group labels were most often reported using population descriptors, such as “race,” “ethnicity,” “race/ethnicity,” and “ancestry.” Several group labels were used under different population descriptors. For instance, the group labels “White” and “Asian” were used under all population descriptors. Most studies (79%) ascertained REA characteristics by participants' self‐report. Three (15%) of the 20 qualitative studies mentioned the relevance of the interviewers' REA characteristics in relation to the participants' REA characteristics. Of the 55 quantitative studies, 19 (35%) used REA factors in the data analysis. Of the 80 articles describing the sample REA characteristics, 20% referred moderately or a great deal to any REA factors in the results interpretation, 46% acknowledged the REA factors in the study limitations, and 15% discussed the implications of REA reporting for genetic counseling practice. Our review documents extensive variation in how sample REA characteristics are described and used in genetic counseling research. Our findings provide a baseline against which to evaluate the effects of guidelines and recommendations for the collection, responsible use, and report of participants' REA characteristics in genetic counseling research.
Behavioral intentions of self‐isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox‐related symptoms among young men who have sex with men in China
Authors: Xu Yutong , Jiao Kedi , Zhang Yuhang , Huang Siwen , Zhou Jingtao , Li Yan , Xiao Yongkang , Ma Wei , He Lin , Ren Xianlong , Dai Zhen , Sun Jiaruo , Li Qingyu , Cheng Feng , Liang Wannian , Luo Sitong
Published: February 2024

The 2022 multi‐country mpox outbreak raised public concern globally. Self‐isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox‐related symptoms are critical measures in controlling the outbreak. This study investigated behavioral intentions of self‐isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox‐related symptoms and associated factors among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) aged 18−29 years in China. The cross‐sectional study was conducted among 2493 YMSM in six provincial regions in China from September 10th to 30th, 2022. Descriptive and logistic analyses were applied, using the intentions of self‐isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox‐related symptoms as binary outcomes. The mean age of the participants was 24.6 (SD = 2.9) years. The prevalence of having intentions of self‐isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox‐related symptoms was 88.6% (95% CI: 87.3%−89.9%) and 84.9% (95% CI: 83.5%−86.3%). Participants who were employed (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.474, 95% CI: 1.035−2.097; AOR = 1.371, 95% CI:1.002, 1.876), had higher mpox knowledge scores (AOR = 1.474, 95% CI: 1.035−2.097; AOR = 1.371, 95% CI: 1.002−1.876), and had higher perceived threats of mpox (AOR = 1.079, 95% CI: 1.030−1.130; AOR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.002−1.090) were more likely to intend to self‐isolate and inform close contacts. Participants who had MSM in‐person gatherings in the past 6 months were more likely to intend to self‐isolate (AOR = 1.392, 95% CI: 1.066−1.208). Participants with higher depression scores (AOR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.948−0.989) and self‐stigma (AOR = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.954−0.997) were less likely to intend to self‐isolate and inform close contacts, respectively. Self‐isolation and informing close contacts when developing disease‐related symptoms are acceptable measures in response to mpox in China. Strengthening targeted risk communication and self‐efficacy, raising disease knowledge, providing mental support, and reducing stigma toward the affected community are warranted.
RNA elements that control human papillomavirus mRNA splicing‐targets for therapy?
Authors: Schwartz Stefan , Wu Chengjun , Kajitani Naoko
Published: February 2024

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause more than 4.5% of all cancer in the world and more than half of these cases are attributed to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). Prophylactic vaccines are available but antiviral drugs are not. Novel targets for therapy are urgently needed. Alternative RNA splicing is extensively used by HPVs to express all their genes and HPV16 is no exception. This process must function to perfection since mis‐splicing could perturb the HPV gene expression program by altering mRNA levels or by generating dysfunctional mRNAs. Cis‐acting RNA elements on the viral mRNAs and their cognate cellular trans‐acting factors control papillomavirus RNA splicing. The precise but delicate nature of the splicing process renders splicing sensitive to interference. As such, papillomavirus RNA splicing is a potential target for therapy. Here we summarize our current understanding of cis‐acting HPV16 RNA elements that control HPV16 mRNA splicing via cellular proteins and discuss how they may be exploited as targets for therapy to papillomavirus infections and cancer.
COMPASS core subunits MpSet1 and MpSwd3 regulate Monascus pigments synthesis in Monascus purpureus
Authors: Wu Zhongling , Gao Hongyan , Liu Zhenmin
Published: February 2024

In eukaryotes, methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me) catalyzed by the complex of proteins associated with Set1 (COMPASS) is crucial for the transcriptional regulation of genes and the development of organisms. In Monascus, the functions of COMPASS in establishing H3K4me remain unclear. This study first identified the conserved COMPASS core subunits MpSet1 and MpSwd3 in Monascus purpureus and confirmed their roles in establishing H3K4me2/3. Loss of MpSet1 and MpSwd3 resulted in slower growth and development and inhibited the formation of cleistothecia, ascospores, and conidia. The loss of these core subunits also decreased the production of extracellular and intracellular Monascus pigments (MPs) by 94.2%, 93.5%, 82.7%, and 82.5%, respectively. In addition, RNA high‐throughput sequencing and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) showed that the loss of MpSet1 and MpSwd3 altered the expression of 2646 and 2659 genes, respectively, and repressed the transcription of MPs synthesis‐related genes. In addition, the ΔMpset1 and ΔMpswd3 strains demonstrated increased sensitivity to cell wall stress with the downregulation of chitin synthase‐coding genes. These results indicated that the COMPASS core subunits MpSet1 and MpSwd3 help establish H3K4me2/3 for growth and development, spore formation, and pigment synthesis in Monascus. These core subunits also assist in maintaining cell wall integrity.
Use of olive and sunflower protein hydrolysates for the physical and oxidative stabilization of fish oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Ospina‐Quiroga Jeimmy Lizeth , Coronas‐Lozano Cristina , García‐Moreno Pedro Jesús , Guadix Emilia María , Almécija‐Rodríguez María del Carmen , Pérez‐Gálvez Raúl
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Olive and sunflower seeds are by‐products generated in large amounts by the plant oil industry. The technological and biological properties of plant‐based substrates, especially protein hydrolysates, have increased their use as functional ingredients for food matrices. The present study evaluates the physical and oxidative stabilities of 50 g kg−1 fish oil‐in‐water emulsions where protein hydrolysates from olive and sunflower seeds were incorporated at 20 g kg−1 protein as natural emulsifiers. The goal was to investigate the effect of protein source (i.e. olive and sunflower seeds), enzyme (i.e. subtilisin and trypsin) and degree of hydrolysis (5%, 8% and 11%) on the ability of the hydrolysate to stabilize the emulsion and retard lipid oxidation over a 7‐day storage period.

RESULTS

The plant protein hydrolysates displayed different emulsifying and antioxidant capacities when incorporated into the fish oil‐in‐water emulsions. The hydrolysates with degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of 5%, especially those from sunflower seed meal, provided higher physical stability, regardless of the enzymatic treatment. For example, the average D [2, 3] values for the emulsions containing sunflower subtilisin hydrolysates at DH 5% only slightly increased from 1.21 ± 0.02 μm (day 0) to 2.01 ± 0.04 μm (day 7). Moreover, the emulsions stabilized with sunflower or olive seed hydrolysates at DH 5% were stable against lipid oxidation throughout the storage experiment, with no significant variation in the oxidation indices between days 0 and 4.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study support the use of sunflower seed hydrolysates at DH 5% as natural emulsifiers for fish oil‐in‐water emulsions, providing both physical and chemical stability against lipid oxidation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Women show a positive response to platelet‐rich plasma despite presenting more painful knee osteoarthritis than men
Authors: Sánchez Mikel , Jorquera Cristina , López de Dicastillo Leonor , Martínez Nina , Espregueira‐Mendes João , Vergés Josep , Azofra Juan , Delgado Diego
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of gender on the efficacy of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), comparing their short‐term response between men and women.

Methods

Four hundred‐eighteen patients (529 knees) were included. Patients were treated with three injections of PRP on a weekly basis. Blood and PRP samples were randomly tested. Patients were asked to complete the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and 12‐item short form survey (SF‐12), at baseline and 6 months. Success rates were calculated according to a reduction in the pain score of at least 9.3 points [minimal clinically important improvement (MCII)]. Comparative tests and multivariate regression were performed.

Results

The PRP had a platelet concentration factor of 2.0X compared to blood levels, with no leucocytes or erythrocytes. KOOS scores showed an increase from baseline to 6 months (p < 0.0001). There was an increase in the physical component summary (PCS) (p < 0.0001) and mental component summary (MCS) (p < 0.01) of the SF‐12. The number of knees of women with MCII was 156 out of 262 (59.6%), whereas the number of knees of men was 136 out of 267 (50.9%) (p = 0.0468). Women had worse baseline scores on pain (p = 0.009), PCS (p < 0.0001) and MCS (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Although the symptomatology generated by KOA was worse in women when compared to men, treatment with repeated injections of PRP was effective, ultimately achieving a higher improvement in women providing comparable final follow‐up outcomes between men and women.

Level of Evidence

Level IV
An Integrative Model of ENT Healthcare for the Homeless Population
Authors: Patel Evan A. , Shah Swapnil V. , Poulson Trevor A. , Jagasia Ashok A.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Our aim was to determine the need for otolaryngology care within the homeless population, identify barriers to access that the homeless population may face, and develop a model system which would address these needs with respect to the barriers.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of 812 patients seen between 1/25/16–3/21/2020 was performed. Charts were obtained from homeless patients seen at free general clinics held shelters in Chicago, IL (781 charts) and in Champaign, IL (31 charts). Records reporting at least one otolaryngology disease in a patient experiencing homelessness were included in this study. Patients were considered homeless if they resided at the shelter at the time of their appointment. To determine common barriers to care, a simple yes/no questionnaire was administered to residents at west‐side Chicago homeless shelters. Questions addressed barriers to health care access that had been mentioned by patients seen at free clinics.

Results

Chart review findings demonstrated that 14.3% (n = 142) of all homeless patients seen at free in‐shelter clinics were seen for ENT‐related disorders. Survey results revealed that 76.3% (n = 71) of respondents believed that telemedicine services would be useful in shelters. 74.2% (n = 69) stated they were unable to afford prescribed medications. 93.5% (n = 87) stated that better access to transportation would increase their likelihood of seeking care.

Conclusions

In our attempt to bridge this inequity, we have launched a hybrid in‐person/virtual care program to improve access to otolaryngology care for the homeless community.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 134:2705–2709, 2024
Comprehensive analysis of m6A methylome and transcriptome by Nanopore sequencing in clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Li Hexin , Li Chang , Zhang Yuxiang , Jiang Weixing , Zhang Fubo , Tang Xiaokun , Sun Gaoyuan , Xu Siyuan , Dong Xin , Shou Jianzhong , Yang Yong , Chen Meng
Published: February 2024

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent epigenetic modification on eukaryotic messenger RNAs. Recent studies have focused on elucidating the key role of m6A modification patterns in tumor progression. However, the relationship between m6A and transcriptional regulation remains elusive. Nanopore technology enables the quantification of m6A levels at each genomic site. In this study, a pair of tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) surgical samples were collected for Nanopore direct RNA sequencing. We identified 9644 genes displaying anomalous m6A modifications, with 5343 genes upregulated and 4301 genes downregulated. Among these, 5224 genes were regarded as dysregulated genes, encompassing abnormal regulation of both m6A modification and RNA expression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed an enrichment of these genes in pathways related to renal system progress and fatty acid metabolic progress. Furthermore, the χ2 test demonstrated a significant association between the levels of m6A in dysregulated genes and their transcriptional expression levels. Additionally, we identified four obesity‐associated genes (FTO, LEPR, ADIPOR2, and NPY5R) among the dysregulated genes. Further analyses using public databases revealed that these four genes were all related to the prognosis and diagnosis of ccRCC. This study introduced the novel approach of employing conjoint analysis of m6A modification and RNA expression based on Nanopore sequencing to explore potential disease‐related genes. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of the application of Nanopore sequencing technology in RNA epigenetic regulation research and identifies new potential therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
Lie symmetries, solitary wave solutions, and conservation laws of coupled KdV‐mKdV equation for internal gravity waves
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Anand Sushmita , Tanwar Dig Vijay
Published: February 2024

The propagation of nonlinear solitary and shallow water waves can be examined by nonlinear evolution equations. The dynamics of nonlinear behavior are described by exact solutions having parametric functions. The integrability of nonlinear equation discloses various characteristics of real phenomenon with continuous and fluctuating background. This work aims to generate symmetry reductions and exact solutions of KdV‐mKdV equation, which is a completely integrable system of nonlinear equations and describes combined solitary wave effects in inhomogeneous medium. The infinitesimal generators and their commutative relations are deduced under invariance property of Lie groups. The invariance property provides a symmetry reduction of governing system. Therefore, a continuous process of reductions transmutes the KdV‐mKdV equation to an equivalent system of ODEs. This system of ODEs leads to the exact solutions involving several arbitrary constants and functions. Such obtained results are generalized than earlier works and never reported in literature. Furthermore, adjoint equation and conserved quantities associated with Lagrangian formulation are constructed under Lie symmetries. To reveal the significance of governing phenomenon, the exact solutions are traced via numerical simulation and thus the graphical structures demonstrate line multisoliton, single soliton, lumps, parabolic and stationary wave profiles.
Simplified method for evaluating tunnel response induced by a new tunnel excavation underneath
Authors: Feng Guohui , Xu Changjie , Ding Zhi , Liang Luju , Li Yujie , Chi Minliang
Published: February 2024

To estimate the tunnel response induced by a new tunnel excavation underneath, theoretical solutions are proposed in this study. The overlying tunnel is idealized as an infinite Timoshenko beam resting on the Kerr foundation model, then the vertical force balance equation is established. The unloading stress can be expressed as Fourier cosine series and a theoretical solution can be derived. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a centrifuge test and an actual field measurement, which are extracted from previous investigations. Calculation results from the proposed method show good accord to centrifuge test results and field‐measured data. Meantime the predictions given by the proposed method are more accurate to estimate tunnel response compared with the previous method. Parametric analysis indicates that the volume loss ratio and the vertical clearance between two tunnels, are both significantly alleviate the tunnel response, but the effect of tunnel shear stiffness is slight. The theoretical solutions can be adopted to predict the overlying tunnel response induced by tunneling underneath in real projects.
Perfusion of hepatocellular carcinomas measured by diffusion‐derived vessel density biomarker: Higher hepatocellular carcinoma perfusion than earlier intravoxel incoherent motion reports
Authors: Li Xin‐Ming , Yao Dian‐Qi , Quan Xian‐Yue , Li Min , Chen Weibo , Wáng Yì Xiáng J.
Published: February 2024

Diffusion‐derived vessel density (DVDD) is a physiological surrogate of the area of microvessels per unit tissue area. DDVD is calculated according to DDVD(b0b2) = Sb0/ROIarea0 – Sb2/ROIarea2, where Sb0 and Sb2 refer to the liver signal when b is 0 or 2 s/mm2. Pathohistological studies and contrast‐enhanced CT/MRI data showed higher blood volume in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) relative to native liver tissue. With intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging, most authors paradoxically reported a decreased perfusion fraction of HCC relative to the adjacent liver. This study applied DDVD to assess the perfusion of HCC. MRI was performed with a 3.0‐T magnet. Diffusion‐weighted images with b‐values of 0 and 2 s/mm2 were acquired in 72 HCC patients. Thirty‐two patients had microvascular invasion (MVI(+)) and 40 patients did not have microvascular invasion (MVI(−)). Fifty‐eight patients had Edmondson–Steiner grade I or II HCC, and 14 patients had Edmondson–Steiner grade III or IV HCC. DDVD measurement was conducted on the axial slice that showed the largest HCC size. DDVD(b0b2) T/L = HCC DDVD(b0b2)/liver DDVD(b0b2). DDVD(b0b2) T/L median (95% confidence interval) of all HCCs was 2.942 (2.419–3.522), of MVI(−) HCCs was 2.699 (2.030–3.522), of MVI(+) HCCs was 2.988 (2.423–3.990), of Edmondson–Steiner grade I/II HCCs was 2.873 (2.277–3.465), and of Edmondson–Steiner grade III/IV HCCs was 3.403 (2.008–4.485). DDVD(b0b2) T/L approximately agrees with contrast agent dynamically enhanced CT/MRI literature data, whereas it differs from earlier IVIM study results, where HCC perfusion fraction was paradoxically lower relative to native liver tissue. A weak trend was noted with MIV(+) HCCs had a higher DDVD(b0b2) T/L than that of MVI(−) HCCs, and a weak trend was noted with the poorly differentiated group of HCCs (Edmondson–Steiner grade III and IV) had a higher DDVD(b0b2) T/L than that of the better differentiated group of HCCs (Edmondson–Steiner grade I and II).
The spatial landscape of T cells in the microenvironment of stage III lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Ziqing , Du Weijiao , Yang Fan , Hui Zhenzhen , Wang Yunliang , Zhang Peng , Zhang Xiying , Yu Wenwen , Ren Xiubao , Wei Feng
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to provide more information for prognostic stratification for patients through an analysis of the T‐cell spatial landscape. It involved analyzing stained tissue sections of 80 patients with stage III lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using multiplex immunofluorescence and exploring the spatial landscape of T cells and their relationship with prognosis in the center of the tumor (CT) and invasive margin (IM). In this study, multivariate regression suggested that the relative clustering of CT CD4+ conventional T cell (Tconv) to inducible Treg (iTreg), natural regulatory T cell (nTreg) to Tconv, terminal CD8+ T cell (tCD8) to helper T cell (Th), and IM Treg to tCD8 and the relative dispersion of CT nTreg to iTreg, IM nTreg to nTreg were independent risk factors for DFS. Finally, we constructed a spatial immunological score named the GT score, which had stronger prognostic correlation than IMMUNOSCORE® based on CD3/CD8 cell densities. The spatial layout of T cells in the tumor microenvironment and the proposed GT score can reflect the prognosis of patients with stage III LUAD more effectively than T‐cell density. The exploration of the T‐cell spatial landscape may suggest potential cell–cell interactions and therapeutic targets and better guide clinical decision‐making. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The efficacy of iatrosedation and music listening techniques in attenuating dental anxiety in patients undergoing dental crown preparation: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lal Abhishek , Maqsood Afsheen , Ahmed Naseer , Altamash Sara , Al Rifaiy Mohammed Q. , Alsaif Rawan , Vohra Fahim , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Heboyan Artak
Published: February 2024

Dental anxiety is a common problem encountered in dental clinics that affects both patients and dentists. Adequate management of dental anxiety is critical for optimal treatment outcomes for the patient. This study aims to assess the efficacy of two anxiety‐reduction techniques (iatrosedation and music listening) for dental crown preparation in adult patients. In this clinical trial, 60 patients were randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1, iatrosedation; Group 2, music listening; and Group 3, control. Patients in all three groups underwent dental crown preparation. To measure the anxiety levels of the patients, heart rate was calculated using a pulse oximeter, and verbal rating scale scores were assessed. One‐way analysis of variance, post hoc analysis, and Spearman's correlation were used to compare the mean values of the three groups. Significant differences were observed in the heart rate and verbal rating scale scores among individuals in the study groups. A more substantial reduction in anxiety levels was found in patients exposed to iatrosedation (Group 1), which was followed by music listening (Group 2). Recorded heart rate and verbal rating scores were the highest in the control group patients. The iatrosedation technique significantly reduced dental anxiety for patients undergoing dental crown treatment; however, music listening was less effective than iatrosedation. Educating patients regarding the dental care they are about to receive is vital for reducing their anxiety.
The unique role of meaning in life in the relationships between trait awe, subjective well‐being, and prosocial tendency: A network analysis
Authors: Lv Yichao , Xu Qian , Tang Qihui , Tao Yanqiang , Zhang Chao , Liu Xiangping
Published: February 2024

Although individuals with higher trait awe (the tendency to experience awe) are known to be happier and more prosocial, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying these complex relationships. This study uses network analysis to explore dimension‐level relationships between trait awe, meaning in life, subjective well‐being (SWB), and prosocial tendency in a joint network and to explore the bridging role of meaning in life in the network. A total of 538 adults (53.2% females; Mage = 19.86 ± 1.51) completed the survey. The network revealed unique and intricate connections between the dimensions of trait awe, meaning in life (i.e., the presence of and the search for meaning, abbreviated as POM and SFM), subjective happiness and life satisfaction (SWB), and prosocial tendency (i.e., willingness to donate money and volunteer time). Trait awe exhibited direct links to subjective happiness, life satisfaction, and prosocial tendency to donate money. Moreover, through POM and SFM, trait awe also exhibited indirect links to each dimension of SWB and prosocial tendency. Within the global network, POM was further identified as acting as a bridge node with the highest bridge strength and closeness, indicating that POM could efficiently transmit influences within the entire network. These findings highlight the distinct contributions of meaning in life to understanding the relationships between trait awe, SWB, and prosocial tendency, and provide valuable insights for improving SWB and fostering prosocial tendencies.
Validating the Enright Forgiveness Inventory in Ecuador
Authors: Fariña Francisca , Zhao Xiang , Novo Mercedes , Acurio Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Research on forgiveness is limited in Ecuador. This study validated the Enright Forgiveness Inventory–30 (EFI‐30) among 960 participants in Ecuador, resulting in robust reliability and validity values. Our findings provide avenues for future research and practices.
Achieving performance‐advantaged polydicyclopentadiene via sequential ring‐opening metathesis polymerization and radical reaction
Authors: Zhan Qingyan , Huangfu Fei , Yang Po
Published: February 2024

Herein, we develop an approach to achieve performance‐advantaged polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) via sequential ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and radical reactions. We mix dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), Grubbs' catalyst and radical initiator in one pot, and then polymerize first at low temperature by ROMP and initiate radical reactions at elevated temperature. As a result of our strategy, the crosslink density of PDCPD increases, leading to outstanding performance. For instance, the glass transition temperature Tg of ROMP‐prepared PDCPD is ca 155–175 °C, whereas the Tg of PDCPD prepared by this strategy can be increased to 191 °C and can be further enhanced to 216 °C after polymerization at 250 °C. We believe this can help researchers design and synthesize high performance ROMP‐derived polymers and apply PDCPD in harsh conditions. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
A randomized controlled trial of a distress screening, consultation, and targeted referral system for family caregivers in oncologic care
Authors: Applebaum Allison J. , Schofield Elizabeth , Kastrinos Amanda , Gebert Rebecca , Behrens Mia , Loschiavo Morgan , Shaffer Kelly M. , Levine Marcia , Dannaoui Aimee , Bellantoni Courtney , Miller Melissa F. , Zaleta Alexandra K.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Distress screening is standard practice among oncology patients, yet few routine distress screening programs exist for cancer caregivers. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Cancer Support Source‐CaregiverTM (CSS‐CG, 33‐item), an electronic distress screening and automated referral program with a consultation (S + C) to improve caregiver unmet needs, quality of life, anxiety, depression, and distress relative to Enhanced Usual Care (EUC; access to educational materials).

Method

150 caregivers of patients with varying sites/stages of cancer were randomized to S + C or EUC and completed assessments at baseline, 3‐months post‐baseline, and 6‐months post‐baseline. A subset of participants (n = 10) completed in‐depth qualitative interviews.

Results

S + C was feasible: among 75 caregivers randomized to S + C, 66 (88%) completed CSS‐CG and consultation. Top concerns reported were: (1) patient's pain and/or physical discomfort; (2) patient's cancer progressing/recurring; and (3) feeling nervous or afraid.

Differences between groups in improvements on outcomes by T2 and T3 were modest (ds < 0.53) in favor of S + C. Qualitative data underscored the helpfulness of S + C in connecting caregivers to support and helping them feel cared for and integrated into cancer care.

Conclusions

S + C is feasible, acceptable, and yields more positive impact on emotional well‐being than usual care. Future studies will examine programmatic impact among caregivers experiencing higher acuity of needs, and benefits of earlier integration of S + C on caregiver, patient, and healthcare system outcomes.