bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À DEFICIÊNCIA DE VITAMINA D EM GESTANTES E LACTANTES
Authors: Lucena Luanna Kássia Sousa de , Bezerra Danielle Soares
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A deficiência de vitamina D (DVD) durante a gestação e a lactação pode repercutir negativamente no desenvolvimento fetal e infantil. Devido seu papel fundamental nos sistemas imunológico, cardíaco, ósseo, muscular e neural. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura para integrar estudos que evidenciam a DVD em gestantes e lactantes, e os fatores de risco associados a essa carência. Metodologia: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico entre agosto e outubro de 2021, com atualização entre outubro e novembro de 2022 através de pesquisas às bases Pubmed e Scielo, bem como às listas de referências dos artigos selecionados. Foram empregados os descritores consumo alimentar, vitamina D, deficiência de vitamina D, gestantes e lactantes, usando-se o operador booleano AND para a associação entre eles. Como critérios de inclusão foram adotados o tipo de estudo (epidemiológicos, ensaios clínicos e revisões integrativa e sistemática), o idioma (espanhol, inglês e português) e o período de publicação (2010 a 2022). Resultados: : Evidenciou-se que existem vários fatores de riscos para a inadequação do status de vitamina D em gestantes e lactantes como a baixa exposição da pele à luz solar e fatores relacionados (uso excessivo de protetor solar, menor tempo de atividades ao ar livre, clima, religião e hábitos culturais, maior escolaridade), a pigmentação mais escura da pele, o baixo consumo alimentar de vitamina D e variáveis associadas menor idade materna, primeiro trimestre gestacional, primiparidade e o excesso de tecido adiposo. Conclusões: Em gestantes e lactantes, a carência de vitamina D associa-se a distintos fatores, com destaque principalmente a baixa exposição à luz solar, a pigmentação mais escura da pele, e o excesso de tecido adiposo, sendo de extrema importância que sejam abordados com cautela, influenciando na redução da hipovitaminose D nestes grupos.
DO ORAL ANTISEPTICS USED IN THE DENTAL ROUTINE HAVE ANTI-VIRAL EFFICACY? A REVIEW SYSTEMATIC IN VITRO STUDIES
Authors: Viana Jaiane Carmélia Monteiro , Freire Guilherme Carlos Beiruth , Simão Carlos Eduardo de Paiva Campos Nogueira , Cruz Rayanne Karina Silva , Gurgel Bruno César de Vasconcelos
Published: May 2024

Introdução : Os enxaguantes bucais desempenham um papel importante na clínica odontológica, mas seu papel sobre os vírus requer investigação. Objetivo : revisar estudos in vitro para identificar o efeito de diferentes enxaguantes bucais sobre os principais vírus associados ao atendimento odontológico de rotina. Metodologia :As seguintes bases de dados foram pesquisadas até dezembro de 2022: bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Scopus e Web of Science; a Biblioteca Cochrane e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS); e literatura cinzenta. Foram selecionados estudos in vitro que utilizaram enxaguantes bucais com o objetivo de reduzir a carga viral. A questão focal foi proposta seguindo o princípio PICOS: a População (vírus envolvidos na etiologia da infecção oral), a Intervenção (antissépticos orais), o comparador apropriado (controles positivos e negativos) e, os Desfechos de interesse (redução da carga viral ) e o desenho do estudo (estudos in vitro). Resultados :Considerando os critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídos 19 artigos para esta revisão. A eficácia de iodopovidona (PVP-I), clorexidina, Listerine, óleos essenciais e lavagens com cloreto de cetilpiridínio foi investigada. O PVP-I teve seus efeitos principalmente associados ao SARS-CoV, demonstrando redução significativa da carga viral após 15 segundos de exposição. A clorexidina foi considerada ineficaz contra os vírus respiratórios adenovírus, poliovírus e rinovírus. Listerine demonstrou eficácia superior contra os vírus HSV-1 e 2 e vírus influenza A, e o cloreto de cetilpiridina também demonstrou atividade virucida contra influenza A. Conclusões :O tipo, concentração e tempo de exposição aos antissépticos variaram entre os estudos. O PVP-I e o digluconato de clorexidina foram as substâncias mais estudadas, mas no geral o PVP-I foi mais eficaz na redução dos títulos virais, principalmente no que diz respeito aos coronavírus. Outros antissépticos como CPC, H2O2 e Listerine® também demonstraram redução significativa da carga viral, mas este é um número limitado de estudos.
Palavras-chave: enxaguatórios bucais; vírus; efeito.
PROPORÇÃO DE CASOS NOSOCOMIAIS DE COVID-19 NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE DE SEUS FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM 1.631.47 REGISTROS DE 2020 A 2022
Authors: Mello Fabrício Perez Ferraz de , Boing Alexandra Crispim
Published: May 2024

Introdução: Infecções nosocomiais, adquiridas após a internação hospitalar, são o evento adverso mais comum que ameaça a saúde dos pacientes hospitalizados, sendo a pneumonia, incluindo a causada pelo SARS-Cov-2, responsável por mais de 80% das infecções nosocomiais. A pandemia declarada pela OMS em março de 2020 reflete o rápido aumento de casos, impulsionado pela disseminação do vírus através de gotículas e aerossóis. A transmissão nosocomial do SARS-Cov-2 foi observada desde o início do surto em Wuhan, representando um desafio adicional na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Estudos internacionais em hospitais reportam incidências de infecção nosocomial por COVID-19 entre 11% e 44%. Objetivo: Identificar a proporção de infecção nosocomial por SARS-COV-2 no Brasil entre março de 2020 até dezembro de 2022. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo analítico, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, sobre a proporção de infecção nosocomial por Sars-Cov-2 no Brasil, através de dados secundários oriundos do Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe. No presente estudo a variável dependente analisada foi a proporção de infecção nosocomial por Sars-cov-2. Como variáveis independentes exploratórias foram utilizadas: faixa etária, sexo, comorbidades e macrorregião de residência. Resultados: O estudo identificou uma proporção de casos nosocomiais de 2,58%, sendo maior no terceiro ano da pandemia 2022 (5,5%) na região Norte (7,57%), entre os indivíduos de 18-59 anos de idade (6,93%) Conclusões: Este estudo sobre casos nosocomiais de COVID-19 no Brasil revela uma proporção de 2,58% entre 2020 e 2022, com associações identificadas em relação à região, idade e comorbidades. Diferenças em relação a estudos internacionais sugerem questões metodológicas específicas. Essa pesquisa é de importância crítica, visto ser de abrangência nacional com grande amplitude, e estabelece uma base sólida para futuros estudos epidemiológicos.
Palavras-Chave: Infecção Nosocomial; COVID-19; Sars-Cov-2; Infecção Associada aos Cuidados de Saúde.
RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO DE INFECÇÃO ODONTOGÊNICA RESULTANDO EM COMPLICAÇÃO CERVICOFACIAL
Authors: Paiva Taynã Cavalcanti de , Torriani Marcos Antonio
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A saúde bucal é um aspecto que não deve ser subestimado pelos pacientes, principalmente se considerar que as infecções odontogênicas podem levar a quadros graves, incluindo complicações cervicotorácicas, como Mediastinite e cervicofaciais, como Angina de Ludwig. Para tanto, é imprescindível que os profissionais da odontologia saibam reconhecer os principais sinais e sintomas dessas infecções, sua evolução, conhecer as complicações associadas e qual o manejo adequado. Objetivo: Assim, é objetivo deste trabalho, relatar, discutir um caso clínico de uma infecção odontogênica grave que acarretou em complicação cervical, com trajeto em direção ao mediastino, necessitando manejo multidisciplinar, e explorar os principais aspectos desse quadro e a conduta necessária, que exige, no mínimo, intervenção cirúrgica, antibioticoterapia e manutenção das vias aéreas. Relato de caso: O caso trata de um paciente com infecção odontogênica, iniciada como uma pericoronarite do dente 38 semieruptado, que evoluiu para a área cervical, demandando imediata drenagem nesta região pois encaminhava-se para uma mediastinite. Após a drenagem cervical e antibioticoterapia e, assim que houve redução do trismo, foi removido o dente 38, evoluindo para a cura. Conclusões: As infecções odontogênicas, principalmente as que acometem os espaços fasciais e cervicais profundos, são potencialmente graves e devem ter suas principais manifestações clínicas entre os domínios de conhecimento dos profissionais Bucomaxilofaciais, pois necessitam de diagnóstico preciso, manejo rápido e tratamento adequado e precoce, considerando a velocidade com que podem evoluir.
Palavras-Chave: Controle de infecções dentárias; Drenagem; Angina de Ludwig; Mediastinite; Relato de caso.
Resveratrol in the Treatment of Gynecological Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Mozafaryan Mohammad Javad , Rezaei Pouria , Masoudpoor Fardin , Bahri Amirmohammad , Samini Mohammad , Farkhondeh Tahere , Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: May 2024

Gynecological cancers, encompassing endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer,
pose significant challenges in clinical practice, often marked by high mortality rates
and treatment resistance. Despite advances in standard therapies, including chemoradiation
and surgery, tumor recurrence and metastasis remain formidable obstacles. In this
context, there is a pressing need to explore novel therapeutic strategies that offer improved
efficacy and reduced side effects. Herbal medicine, particularly compounds like
resveratrol, has garnered attention for its diverse biological properties, including anticancer
effects. Resveratrol, a multipotential nutraceutical, holds promise in gynecological
cancer therapy through its modulation of key cellular and molecular processes. This
review aims to provide an overview of the current status, challenges, and opportunities
in utilizing resveratrol for gynecological cancer treatment. We discuss its role in miRNA
regulation, clinical trial findings, and the development of effective formulations. By elucidating
the underlying mechanisms of resveratrol's anticancer effects and exploring innovative
delivery systems, we aim to shed light on the potential avenues for optimizing
its therapeutic benefits in gynecological cancers.
Potential Molecular Markers for Cholecystic Inflammation-Induced
Carcinogenesis Based on RNA-Seq Gene Screening
Authors: Yu Henghai , Chen Peng , Hu Ying , Liu Feng , Wei Xiaoping , Hu Mingdao
Published: May 2024

Background::

Uncontrolled inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and
progression of tumors. The repeated circulation and continuous stimulation of gallbladder epithelium
caused by gallstones is an important risk factor for gallbladder cancer.

Methods::

To study pathogenesis, samples were collected for chronic cholecystitis caused by
gallstones and early and advanced gallbladder cancer with gallstones and subjected to RNA-seq
analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia analyses were used to elucidate
the protein–protein interaction network and identify differentially expressed genes.

Results::

Nine potential molecular markers, VTN, CHAD, AKR1C4, ABCC2, AOX1, ADH1A,
ADH1C, PLA2G2A, and CYP4F3, with elevated expression gradients in cholecystitis and early
and advanced gallbladder cancer, were identified. Using qPCR and immunohistochemistry on
clinical tissues, we confirmed three factors, VTN, CYP4F3, and AOX1, to be worthy of further
research. To demonstrate that these three genes are potential molecular markers for gallbladder
cancer, their cellular biological functions were confirmed in gallbladder cancer cell lines through
siRNA transfection.

Conclusion::

The potential molecular markers CYP4F3, VTN, and AOX1 for cholecystitis and
different stages of gallbladder cancer were identified. Further studies on differentially expressed
genes vital in gallbladder cancer progression can help provide potential targets for the early diagnosis
and treatment of gallbladder cancer.
Tuina Inhibits Chondrocyte Apoptosis by Regulating the FAK/PI3K/Akt Pathway in Rabbits with IVDD
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Liu Tong , Qian Xin , Ma Dongyang , Chen Lili , Li Ailin , Liang Xurong , Hu Zhe , Qi Chenxi , Qi Wei
Published: May 2024

Background:

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), a key contributor to degenerative
spinal diseases such as cervical spondylosis, significantly influences the quality of life of
patients. Tuina, historically employed in the clinical management of cervical spondylosis, has
demonstrated positive therapeutic outcomes; however, the mechanism of Tuina remains unclear.

Objective:

This study examined the efficacy of Tuina in correcting the imbalanced structure of the
cervical spine and its impact on apoptotic chondrocytes within the cervical disc. The underlying
mechanisms were explored using a rabbit model of IVDD induced by dynamic and static imbalances.

Methods:

The IVDD rabbit model was established by restraining the head in a downward position
for 12 weeks (Model group). In the Tuina1 group, treatment was performed on the posterior
cervical trapezius muscle daily for 2 weeks, whereas in the Tuina2 group, treatment was performed
on both the posterior cervical trapezius and anterior sternocleidomastoid muscles daily
for 2 weeks. After treatment, X-ray, micro-computed tomography (CT), histological staining,
qRT-PCR, and western blotting were used to evaluate the mechanism by which Tuina inhibits
chondrocyte apoptosis.

Results:

The results demonstrated that Tuina treatment inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis in cervical
discs by adjusting the neck structure balance, and a more significant therapeutic effect was
observed in the Tuina2 group. Lateral cervical spine X-ray and CT scans in rabbits revealed notable
improvements in cervical spine curvature and vertebral structure in the treatment groups
compared with those in the Model group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL staining
further confirmed the positive impact of Tuina treatment on intervertebral disc tissue morphology
and chondrocyte apoptosis. Additionally, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis
showed that Tuina treatment suppressed chondrocyte apoptosis by downregulating Bax and
caspase-3 while upregulating Bcl-2. Western blotting results further indicated that Tuina could
activate the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by mediating integrin-β1.

Conclusion:

Tuina treatment inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis in cervical discs by activating the
FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, providing convincing evidence to support Tuina treatment as
a promising method for IVDD.
Integrating Network Pharmacology, Quantitative Metabolic Network
Analysis, In Vitro Experiments, and Molecular Dynamics to Explore the
Mechanism of Angelica Sinensis for Regulating Bone Metabolism
Authors: Yuan Anlei , Liu Chaoqun , Feng Wenqing , Li Beiyan , Zheng Lulu , Tian Jiaye , Yu Bin , Zhang Yanling
Published: May 2024

Background:

Bone metabolic diseases are serious health issues worldwide. Angelica
sinensis (AS) is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for treating bone metabolism diseases
clinically. However, the mechanism of AS in regulating bone metabolism remains uncertain.

Objective:

The current investigation was structured to elucidate the potential mechanisms of AS
for modulating bone metabolism

Methods:

Firstly, targets of AS regulating bone metabolism were collected by network pharmacology. Then, the transcriptional regulation of RUNX2 was enriched as one of the key pathways
for AS to regulate bone metabolism, constructing its metabolic network. Secondly, combining
molecular docking, network efficiency, and network flux analyses, we conducted a quantitative
evaluation of the metabolic network to reveal the potential mechanisms and components of AS
regulating bone metabolism. Finally, we explored the effect of AS on the differentiation of osteoclasts from M-CSF and RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells, as well as its impact on the osteogenic induction of MC3T3-E1 cells. We verified the mechanism and key targets of AS on bone
metabolism using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the key component was preliminarily validated
through molecular dynamics simulation.

Results:

Quantitative metabolic network of the transcriptional regulation of RUNX2 was constructed to illustrate the potential mechanism of AS for regulating bone metabolism, indicating
that ferulic acid may be a pharmacological component of AS that interferes with bone metabolism. AS suppressed osteoclast differentiation in M-CSF and RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells
and reversed the expressions of osteoclastic differentiation markers, including RUNX2 and SRC.
Additionally, AS induced osteogenic generation in MC3T3-E1 cells and reversed the expressions of markers associated with osteoblastic generation, such as RUNX2 and HDAC4. Molecular dynamics simulation displayed a strong binding affinity among ferulic acid, HDAC4 and
SRC.

Conclusion:

This study reveals a systematic perspective on the intervention bone mechanism of
AS by transcriptive regulation by RUNX2, guiding the clinical use of AS in treating diseases of
the skeletal system.
Emerging Natural Therapies for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel
Disease
Authors: Joshi Monika , Pandey Manju , Shankar Ravi , Ved Akash
Published: May 2024

The term "inflammatory bowel disease," which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and
ulcerative colitis (UC), refers to a chronic inflammatory condition of the digestive system. There
are many different treatment options, such as corticosteroids, biologics, 5-aminosalicylate, and
immune-suppressants, but none of them can maintain the disease remission for a longer period,
which is the ultimate goal of treatment. Furthermore, they have numerous serious side effects
like nephrotoxicity, infertility, congestive heart failure, myopathy, etc. So, in order to treat these
conditions, researchers are concentrating more on natural medicine that is less expensive and has
fewer side effects. The current analysis includes a list of plants showing promising activity
against IBD. These include Cannabis sativa, Aloe vera, Boswellia serrata, Withania somnifera,
Curcuma longa, Triticum aestivum, and many others. These plants need to be further investigated in terms of preclinical and clinical studies to obtain the safety and efficacy data necessary for
their commercialisation. Global regulatory norms will facilitate simple commercialisation. Also,
more investigation is required to pinpoint the precise mechanism of action to confirm clinical
success.
Nanotechnology-Powered Meningitis Therapies: Lipid Nanoparticles Lead the Way
Authors: Karati Dipanjan , Mukherjee Swarupananda , Paul Susmita , Das Suchana , Prajapati Bhupendra , Patel Ravish J. , Jha Sajal Kumar
Published: May 2024

The meninges serve as a protective layer, and the fluid around the brain and spinal
cord can become inflamed, known as meningitis. Lipid-based pharmaceutical formulations, by
their high lipophilicity, can negotiate the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). The current mode of
treatment of meningitis is mainly through antibiotics, which, at best, is partially effective. The
success of antibiotic therapy depends on several factors, for example, the difficulty of reaching
the infection site, maintaining proper concentrations of the drug after crossing the BBB, and
finally, its efficacy in preventing recurrent infection. In this context, interest has focused on organic
and inorganic nanostructures for meningitis and transporting antibiotics to the selected
region through the BBB. A focus has also been placed on several polymeric nanotechnology
techniques for detecting various types of meningitis. This review focuses on nano interventions
and their most recent meningitis treatments using nanotechnology.
Fisetin from Dietary Supplement to a Drug Candidate: An Assessment of
Potential - A Review
Authors: Mirza Mohd. Aamir , Padhi Santwana , Mohapatra Sradhanjali , Mahmood Syed , Iqbal Zeenat
Published: May 2024

Fisetin is a bioactive compound found in numerous fruits and vegetables, including
strawberries, apples, grapes, persimmon, cucumber, onion, etc. The compound is also wellknown for its neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, and other healthpromoting properties. Although there is increasing agreement that it has therapeutic properties,
its poor water solubility, high lipophilicity, and lower oral bioavailability make it difficult to use
clinically. Extensive research has attempted to overcome these restrictions by developing novel,
superior delivery systems. Considering the diverse potential, this review is the first to summarise
the available data on Fisetin to collate the information related to analytical methods, pharmacological action, their mechanisms, regulatory aspects, and toxicity profile. It also covers the marketed products, their related clinical trials, and patent updates of the moiety. In addition, an endeavor has been attempted to discuss and assess the various drug delivery systems employed to
increase the biological attributes of Fisetin. The presented manuscript is the first to present a
compendium of up-to-date literature on all of the domains considered necessary for this type of
natural molecule to carve down its path from being a mere dietary supplement to a promising
therapeutic drug candidate. The manuscript will definitely benefit the researchers working on
natural and bioactive compounds, industrial scientists, and the general population interested in
Fesitin as a dietary supplement.
Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin in the Regulation of Ferroptosis: A
Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Hosseinzadeh Azam , Koosha Fereshteh , Reiter Russel J. , Mehrzadi Saeed
Published: May 2024

:

Ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including neurodegenerative
diseases, cardiovascular diseases, kidney pathologies, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and
cancer. The current review article highlights the involvement of ferroptosis in traumatic brain injury,
acute kidney damage, ethanol-induced liver injury, and PM2.5-induced lung injury. Melatonin,
a molecule produced by the pineal gland and many other organs, is well known for its anti-
aging, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties and is used in the treatment of different diseases.
Melatonin's ability to activate anti-ferroptosis pathways including sirtuin (SIRT)6/p- nuclear
factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Nrf2/ antioxidant responsive element (ARE)/ heme
oxygenase (HO-1)/SLC7A11/glutathione peroxidase (GPX4)/ prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase
2 (PTGS2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/Nrf2, ferroportin (FPN), Hippo/
Yes-associated protein (YAP), Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT)/ mammalian
target of rapamycin (mTOR) and SIRT6/ nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)/ ferritin
heavy chain 1 (FTH1) signaling pathways suggests that it could serve as a valuable therapeutic
agent for preventing cell death associated with ferroptosis in various diseases. Further research is
needed to fully understand the precise mechanisms by which melatonin regulates ferroptosis and
its potential as a therapeutic target.
Nano-nutraceuticals to Combat Oxidative Stress: Unlocking Newer
Paradigms in Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Pooja  , Pandey Manisha , Kumar Tarun , Goswami Harsh , Kumari Rasna , Kumari Shivani , Jain Neha , Gorain Bapi , Maurya Pawan Kumar , Chawla Viney , Chawla Pooja A.
Published: May 2024

Nutraceuticals are products that provide both nutritional and therapeutic benefits. These
compounds can slow the aging process and provide physiological effects shielding individuals
from acute and chronic diseases. People's interests have shifted from allopathic to Ayurvedic to nutraceuticals
in recent years. These are often common dietary supplements that have drawn customers
worldwide because of their high nutritional safety and lack of adverse effects when used
for a long time. Although conventional dosage forms, including pills, tablets, and semi-solids, are
still available, they nevertheless have poorer bioavailability, less stability, and less effectiveness
for targeted delivery of bioactives. The use of effective nanocomplex systems as nano-antioxidants
using nanotechnology has become a promising field. Among its many uses, nanotechnology
is mostly used to create foods and nutraceuticals that are more bioavailable, less toxic, and more
sustainable. Additionally, it has been emphasized how precisely nano-pharmaceuticals for oxidative
stress produce the desired effects. These improvements show improved antioxidant delivery
to the target region, reduced leakage, and increased targeting precision. The outcomes demonstrated
that oxidative stress-related illnesses can be effectively treated by lowering ROS levels with
the use of nanonutraceuticals. The major ideas and uses of nano-nutraceuticals for health are outlined
in this review, with an emphasis on reducing oxidative stress.
Nature's Pharmacy: Herbal Interventions in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mittal Vishnu , Barak Ashima , Sharma Anjali , Singhal Abhinav
Published: May 2024

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that causes severe joint destruction and persistent inflammation. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of various herbal interventions in managing RA, providing valuable insights for
patients and healthcare practitioners. To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of selected herbal interventions, including turmeric, ginger, Boswellia serrata (frankincense),
green tea, and Ashwagandha, to assess their potential as complementary treatments for RA, a comprehensive analysis is performed on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms and antioxidant effects of
selected herbs. Emphasis is placed on the modulation of key inflammatory pathways and their ability to counteract oxidative stress, which are crucial factors in RA progression. Safety profiles and
potential adverse effects of herbal remedies are also scrutinized. The review reveals promising evidence supporting the efficacy of turmeric and ginger in alleviating RA symptoms by modulating
inflammatory pathways. Additionally, Boswellia serrata shows potential as an adjunct therapy for
joint health and inflammation. The antioxidant-rich properties of green tea and Ashwagandha are
highlighted, suggesting their role in counteracting oxidative stress associated with RA. In conclusion, while herbal remedies like turmeric, ginger, Boswellia serrata, green tea, and Ashwagandha
offer potential complementary treatments for RA, their safety profiles and adverse effects warrant
careful consideration. Rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety, highlighting the necessity for further research in this area. These findings are crucial for patients and
healthcare providers in making informed decisions about incorporating herbal interventions into
RA treatment strategies.
Pulmonary Hypertension Related to Left Heart Disease (PH-LHD)
Authors: Geft Dael R. , Hage Antoine
Published: May 2024

Pulmonary Hypertension secondary to left heart disease (PH-LHD) is the most common
form of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and is a frequent complication of heart failure. It is associated
with increased morbidity and mortality. The definitions of both PH and PH-LHD have
changed over time and now generally follow those established by the 6th World Symposium on
Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) in 2018 and the most recent European Society of Cardiology
(ESC) guidelines in 2022. A systematic approach including clinical history and noninvasive testing
is required to properly diagnose PH-LHD, and accurate hemodynamics by right heart catheterization,
sometimes involving provocative testing, are often needed to diagnose PH-LHD but are essential
to further subclassify PH-LHD into either isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension
(Ipc-PH) versus combined pre and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (Cpc-PH). This distinction
is important as it guides therapeutic decisions and carries prognostic implications. Cpc-PH, in
particular, shares some histo-pathologic and hemodynamic characteristics with pulmonary arterial
hypertension (PAH) and, hence, the rationale for the potential use of pulmonary vasodilator therapy.
To date, however, there is no strong evidence to support PAH-specific medications for Cpc-
PH, and the mainstay of treatment for PH-LHD remains to treat the underlying cause of LHD. Further
research is warranted to refine therapeutic approaches, improve long-term outcomes, and explore
novel treatment modalities to alleviate the burden of PH in this patient population.
Efficacy and Safety of Stem Cell Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review
Authors: Arora Deepshi , Gupta Dhruv , Deeksha  , Taneja Yugam , Dhingra Ashwani K.
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence is a significant public health concern. Tau tangle
buildup and different metabolic abnormalities are the primary neuropathological alterations that
lead to this illness. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment for patients with AD due to the
complexity of the disease and the lack of a clear understanding of its aetiology. However, stem
cell therapy can potentially be used to replace lost neuronal cells. Although this technology is only
in its initial stages, it has the potential to transform the treatment of this condition. AD is amenable
to disease-modifying treatment with stem cell therapy. Since the early 2000s, there have been
more investigations on stem cells, including Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Neural Stem
Cells (NSCs), as a result of the failure to produce new medicines for AD. Numerous animal
studies have investigated issues relating to stem cells, such as their origin, ability to differentiate,
how they are cultured, how they form tumours, how they are injected, and how mobile they are.
Clinical trials to test the use of stem cells for AD have been underway since 2010, primarily in
East Asia. Although there were no significant immediate or long-term side effects, two phase I investigations
on moderate AD have been completed. Neither of these studies revealed any considerable
clinical efficacy. Numerous investigations with more complex study designs, established levels,
and biomarkers, such as amyloid positron emission tomography among people with mild to
moderate AD, are in the works. Stem cell therapy for AD has the potential to alter the condition.
The methods of action, preclinical animal studies, human clinical trials, and challenges stem cell
therapy for AD faces are all covered in this article. We will also go over current advancements in
stem cell research and the pathophysiology of AD, as well as challenges and solutions for employing
cell-based therapeutics for AD and associated conditions.
Is Low-free Triiodothyronine (fT3) Associated with Increased Morbidity in Patients Admitted to Coronary Care Units?
Authors: Akkus Oguz , Sen Fatih , Yasdıbas Ramazan , Otegen Alper Tunga , Huzmeli Irem , Akkus Gamze
Published: May 2024

Background:

The effects of thyroid hormone on patients hospitalized in coronary
intensive care units are still controversial.
Objective: We retrospectively examined thyroid

Methods:

A total of 208 (Female/Male; 46.6%/53.4%) patients without any history of thyroid
disease were enrolled and screened. Patients with specific heart disease and existing thyroid hormone
parameters were included in the study. Low triiodothyronine syndrome is characterized by
reduced serum total or free T3 (fT3) concentrations in normal free T4 (fT4) and TSH levels.

Results:

The common diagnosis of the patients in the coronary care unit is acute coronary syndrome
(n = 59, 28.2 %) and heart failure (n = 46, 23.3%). Patients were divided into two groups
according to left ventricular ejection fraction percentages (LVEF ≤39% vs LVEF ≥40%). Plasma
fT3 levels were significantly correlated with low LVEF (≤39%) (p =0.002). fT3 (r = -0.183,
p =0.013) and hospitalization etiology (r = -0.161, p =0.023) were also the most critical parameters
affecting the length of hospitalization

Conclusion:

Low fT3 was associated with reduced ejection fraction and prolonged hospitalization,
which may lead to potential morbidities in HF patients and may be useful in risk stratification
and treatment strategies.
Assessment of Risky Riding Behaviors Using the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) among University Students
Authors: Setyowati Dina Lusiana , Setyaningsih Yuliani , Suryawati Chriswardani , Lestantyo Daru
Published: May 2024

Background

Riding behavior is a significant factor in 90% of traffic accidents, with 43% of these accidents involving motorcyclists aged between 5 and 29 years. These accidents often result in severe injuries and fatalities; therefore, a study on risky riding behavior is necessary.

Objective

This research aimed to identify risky riding behavior among university students using the motorcycle rider behavior questionnaire (MRBQ).

Methods

A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted on students from 12 faculties at the State University in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia, in June, 2023. Data were collected via an online questionnaire, with a final analysis conducted on 37 participants. The chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval was used for data analysis.

Results

The results showed that traffic violation in the last 12 months was related to risky riding behavior (p = 0.057, RP = 0.671; 95% CI = 0.389-1.159), while gender, driver's license ownership, history of accidents reported to the police, and driving frequency were unrelated to risky riding behavior.

Conclusion

The research provides valuable insights into the factors that influence driving behavior. It underscores the importance of safety records and the potential impact of recent traffic violations on driving behavior. Public education, risk communication, and promoting safe behavior through positive modeling can help reduce accidents and foster a safer road culture.
Hierarchical Interdependency Blockchain for Assessing Performance and Modulation Proof of Stake (POS) Security Protocol in Healthcare
Application 5.0
Authors: V. Maheshwari , M. Prasanna
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Patients’ electronic health records (EHRs) stored in the cloud are more
likely to suffer from data breaches. Data security risks arise from EHRs relying on centralised databases,
as this approach places the responsibility for data protection on the user. Indeed, it leaves
data security to a single organisation, leaving it open to intrusion by its workers. Maintaining the
privacy and integrity of patient information is of utmost importance when interacting with and
integrating with EHR systems.

Method:

Therefore, in order to find the best blockchain framework for trustworthy electronic
health records (EHRs), a precise method for comparing the effects of several current blockchain
systems is required. Data from electronic health record applications is encrypted and saved in the
cloud using IPFS off-chain as part of this study, following a design that is consistent with patient
data management. To secure electronic health record data, the system uses a hierarchical interdependency
approach for block construction and framework design.

Result:

This research is focused on finding a solution to the issue of privacy leaking in data sharing.
To ensure the privacy of user’s data, the healthcare system utilises a multilevel authentication
mechanism and an encryption technique that is based on hierarchical interdependency attributes.
Smart contracts have been used to establish hierarchical access control for various Internet
of Things systems, guaranteeing control over data access. This paper describes how the system's
scalability, transaction latency, and throughput may be improved by implementing a modified
proof-of-stake (POS) security protocol in healthcare application 5.0. This helps to secure users'
privacy and security.

Conclusion:

In comparison to more conventional blockchain solutions, the experimental results
demonstrate improvements in efficiency and security in terms of variables such as block size,
upload time, transaction range, and evaluation metrics such as transaction delay.

result:

In addition, a generic EHR configuration strengthens the hierarchical interdependency blockchain. The results of this configuration are thoroughly discussed in the paper, revealing a noticeable improvement in the performance parameters block size, different nodes, upload time, transaction range, and evaluation metrics like Transaction delay, which are determined through empirical research for different EHR dataset scenarios of EHR blockchains
Nanoencapsulation of Colchicum speciosum for Alleviating Lower Back Pain
Authors: Beiranvand Siavash , Kiabi Farshad Hassanzadeh
Published: May 2024

This review focuses on the use of Colchicum species that have been capsuled to treat
lower back pain. Low levels of physical activity produce atypical spinal loading, which increases
the risk of discomfort and damage. Acetylcholine (AChE inhibitors acetylcholinesterase AChE-I)
has a crucial role in the development of amyloid- plaques, one of the disease's main pathogenic
processes, and in boosting psychological function. To increase the natural preservatives in food, research
on the encapsulation of phytochemicals has been employed to create nanoparticle delivery
systems for a combination of terpenes that have been isolated from plants. For the administration
of formulations containing encapsulated plant extracts, dermal and oral routes are used. The current
strategies of encapsulation should be enhanced, as well as techniques to achieve the goal.
Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis and its Mode of Action as an Effective Therapy against Breast Carcinoma: Analysis of Traditional Methods and their Comparison with New Methods
Authors: Nawaz Yasir , Munir Saba , Tanvir Fouzia , Umar Asma , Majeed Imran , Hussain Ibrar , Nawaz Aqeela , Sadiqa Ayesha , Riaz Samreen , Rehman Samiya , Luqman Muhammad , Ali Ahmad , Zafar Javaria
Published: May 2024

Breast cancer is one of the most widespread and lethal malignancies afflicting females
globally. The global incidence of breast cancer is on the rise, with an anticipated 4.4 million cases
by 2070. Notably, breast cancer constitutes approximately 25% of all cancer diagnoses. In the
realm of biomedical sciences, nanotechnology has ushered in a transformative era, particularly in
cancer therapy and diagnostics. Nanoparticles offer the capability to tailor specific sizes, with elevated
surface-to-volume ratios proving advantageous for drug distribution by ensuring a substantial
medicines loading volume. Gold nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable selectivity for cancer
cells, primarily attributed to the heightened permeability and retaining effects. This study aims to
assess the effectiveness of gold nanoparticles in breast cancer therapy, comparing them with traditional
techniques from previous research and elucidating their mechanism of action. Data for analysis
were sourced from various platforms, including Web of Science and Google Scholar, comprising
previously published information. Analysis revealed that historical studies employed conventional
techniques for breast cancer therapy. However, contemporary approaches now favor
nanomedicine, incorporating diverse drugs and delivery systems, surpassing traditional methods.
In summary, nanomedicine emerges as an exceptionally effective mode of breast cancer treatment
when juxtaposed with conventional approaches. Previous research also underscores the efficacy of
gold nanoparticles as a viable treatment modality. Currently, a spectrum of nanomedicines, including
gold nanoparticles, serves as a promising avenue for suppressing tumor development in breast
cancer patients
Natural Enamel Remineralizing Agents
Authors: Aidaros Nawal
Published: May 2024

Non-invasive management of initial enamel lesions using novel
remineralizing agents has become the main goal of modern dentistry. Herbs and natural
sources with medicinal properties are valuable for treating various oral diseases.
Fluoride-mediated remineralization is the cornerstone of caries management. However,
many side effects arise from its use, such as dental fluorosis. Most people could accept
natural remineralizing agents compared to fluoride-based remineralizing systems. The
trend is to use natural ingredients as remineralizing agents to control caries. Different
naturally derived agents have been found to remineralize the demineralized enamel
lesions efficiently and to prevent caries progression. The growing interest in
phytotherapeutics is due to the active biological components of plant extracts and
natural products. The active biological components in plants, eggshells, seashells, and
other natural products play a significant role in enamel remineralization. Herbal
extracts and natural products with remineralizing effects are added to dentifrice and
mouthwashes to prevent caries or to enhance the remineralization of initial lesion
enamel lesions.
Natural Dentin Biomodifiers
Authors: Kamh Raghda
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, researchers are interested in using extracts from natural sources
as medicines or health-promoting agents. Herbs and natural sources with medicinal
properties are beneficial for treating oral diseases. Dentistry uses natural products as
antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and sedative agents. Various physical and chemical
factors, including hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation by matrix metalloproteinases
(MMPs) derived from the host, degrade bonding over time. Recent biomodifications to
dentin have produced a more stable and resilient adhesive contact. It has been
determined that plant-derived natural cross-linkers are effective at enhancing the
mechanical properties of dentin and controlling its biodegradation by inhibiting
proteases. Dentin biomodification by these naturally derived cross-linking agents has
remarkable effects on caries prevention and dentin remineralization, which is even
more extraordinary. Natural bio-modifiers are naturally occurring substances whose
potential dental applications have garnered increased attention in recent years.
Compared to synthetic agents, the most appealing characteristics of biomodifiers and
renewable/sustainable resources are their minimal toxicity and renewable/sustainable
nature. Natural proanthocyanidins (PACs) taken from different natural sources have a
high ability to cross-link with collagen. This makes the organic matrix of dentin more
biostable and stronger.
The influence of infant massage on the sleep duration of infants aged 6-12 months in TPMB X, Jagakarsa Sub-District, Srengseh Sawah Village
Authors: Susilowati Lilik , Arifianto Irvan , Reflisiani Dian , Herdyana Erma
Published: May 2024

The infancy period is a critical phase in the growth and development of babies, thus requiring special attention. One of the factors that can influence infant growth and development is sleep and rest. Massage can help reduce muscle tension, resulting in babies feeling more relaxed and experiencing deeper sleep. Based on a preliminary study conducted in the Integrated Health Post (Posyandu) of TPMB X's working area, it was found that 11 out of 26 infants (approximately 42.3%) experienced sleep disturbances. Furthermore, interviews with 10 mothers revealed that 7 of them (70%) were not aware of infant massage. Objective: To determine the influence of infant massage on the sleep duration of infants aged 6-12 months in TPMB X, Jagakarsa Sub-District, Srengseng Sawah Village. Methodology: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with the one-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of 35 infants aged 6-12 months, and total sampling technique was utilized. The instrument used was a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using the Paired Samples Test. Results: The average sleep quality of infants before receiving infant massage was 12.714, while the average sleep quality after receiving infant massage was 14.086.
Optimizing Weed Control: A Study on the Influence of Drone Sprayer Altitude in Herbicide Application
Authors:   Politeknik Enjiniring Pertanian Indonesia, Musrian Teuku , Aninditya Mas Wisnu ,   Politeknik Enjiniring Pertanian Indonesia, Nurcholis Jati ,   Politeknik Enjiniring Pertanian Indonesia
Published: May 2024

This research aims to determine the spraying distance of herbicides using a drone sprayer to achieve effective weed control. The use of herbicides is crucial to managing the competition for plant nutrients that threaten crop yields. The study analyzes the herbicide distribution patterns on plants sprayed using a drone with a flying speed of 3 m/s, utilizing a flat fan nozzle at different flying distances. During spraying activities, a compact weather station was employed to record environmental conditions, including air temperatures around 33.4-34.4 °C, relative humidity between 56.2-64.3%, wind speeds of 0.1-1 m/s, and wind direction from the southwest or south. There was no rainfall during the spraying sessions. The research results significantly contribute to the development of herbicide spraying technology using drones by carefully considering environmental conditions. Chlorophyll content was measured using the Soil-Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) through drone mapping. The drone sprayer at a 1-meter distance, covering an area of 600 m2, and using a 10 ml herbicide mixed with 10,000 ml water effectively reduced chlorophyll in weed plants. Multispectral data showed significant changes with a shift to red indicating non-vegetative areas after herbicide spraying. There was a decrease in average chlorophyll values measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days post-spraying, with the lowest recorded on plots with a 1-meter spraying distance (average chlorophyll value of 19.62 SPAD). Therefore, the drone sprayer at a 1-meter distance proved effective in controlling weeds and reducing chlorophyll in non-target plants, making a crucial contribution to the development of herbicide spraying technology using drones and improving efficiency in agricultural management.
Mental Health of Teachers during the First Wave of COVID-19 in Daegu, Korea: Challenges in Reopening Schools
Authors: Cho Jihyun , Lee Hojun , Park Sang Hee , Kim Myoung Haw , Won Seunghee
Published: May 2024

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the psychological states of teachers during the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using data on school mental health projects related to COVID-19 in Daegu from May to June 2020. The participants comprised 811 (34.9%) male and 1,511 (65.1%) female teachers in 1,041 (44.8%) middle and 1,281 (55.2%) high schools. After schools reopened, the most common causes of unbearable stress were unusual experiences, fear of infection, and negative emotions. Moreover, 41.5%/40.4% reported experiencing anxiety/depression, out of which 25.1%/23.6%, 10.0%/14.0%, and 6.4%/2.8% exhibited mild, moderate, and severe levels, respectively. The study identified the following influencing factors of anxiety: being female (OR: 1.52), years of employment (≤5 and <15; OR: 1.36; reference: <5), average monthly household income (≤3,000,000 and <5,000,000 [OR: 0.69], 5,000,000 ≤ [OR: 0.67]; reference ≤1,000,000 and <3,000,000 won), depression (OR: 19.14), posttraumatic stress symptoms (OR: 11.65), job stress (OR: 9.13), resilience (OR: 0.37), and subjective well-being (OR: 0.45). We identified the following factors for depression: being female (OR: 1.51), aged 40s (OR: 1.70; reference: 20s), average monthly household income (≤3,000,000 and <5,000,000 [OR: 0.75], ≤5,000,000 [OR: 0.66]; reference: ≤1,000,000 and <3,000,000 won), anxiety (OR: 19.14), posttraumatic stress symptoms (OR: 4.03), job stress (OR: 14.04), resilience (OR: 0.29), and subjective well-being (OR: 0.33). The findings suggest a necessity for specific, systematic measures and psychological support to teachers vulnerable to the impact of disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to cope with disasters and improve school adaptation.