bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: Elevated Leptin during Diet-Induced Obesity Reduces the Efficacy of Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Murphy Katherine A. , James Britnie R. , Sjaastad Frances V. , Kucaba Tamara A. , Kim Hyunjoon , Brincks Erik L. , Chua Streamson C. , Wilber Andrew , Griffith Thomas S.
Published: August 2018

Various malignancies are reproducibly cured in mouse models, but most cancer immunotherapies show objective responses in a fraction of treated patients. One reason for this disconnect may be the use of young, lean mice lacking immune-altering comorbidities present in cancer patients. Although many cancer patients are overweight or obese, the effect of obesity on antitumor immunity is understudied in preclinical tumor models. We examined the effect of obesity on two immunotherapeutic models: systemic anti–CTLA-4 mAb and intratumoral delivery of a TRAIL-encoding adenovirus plus CpG. Both therapies were effective in lean mice, but neither provided a survival benefit to diet-induced obese BALB/c mice. Interestingly, tumor-bearing leptin-deficient (ob/ob) obese BALB/c mice did respond to treatment. Moreover, reducing systemic leptin with soluble leptin receptor:Fc restored the antitumor response in diet-induced obese mice. These data demonstrate the potential of targeting leptin to improve tumor immunotherapy when immune-modulating comorbidities are present.
Activation of NF-κB in Synovium versus Cartilage from Patients with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: A Potential Contributor to Inflammatory Aspects of Disease Progression
Authors: Ahmed Aisha S. , Gedin Per , Hugo Anders , Bakalkin Georgy , Kanar Alkass , Hart David A. , Druid Henrik , Svensson Camilla , Kosek Eva
Published: August 2018

The aim was to assess the activation and association of the NF-κB system across synovial membrane (SM) and articular cartilage (AC) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and ascertain its potential effects on catabolic mediator expression in advanced OA. SM and AC were obtained from 40 OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and from 19 postmortem control subjects. NF-κB subunit RelA in nuclear and cytosolic fractions and NF-κB1–DNA binding in nuclear extracts was assessed by ELISA, whereas NFKB1, RELA, IL-8, IL-6, and MMP3 gene expression were analyzed by reverse transcriptase–quantitative PCR in tissues. We observed higher SM nuclear RelA protein levels and upregulated NF-κB1–DNA binding in OA patients compared with postmortem controls. However, in AC, lower nuclear RelA levels were observed compared with cytosolic extracts in patients. Nuclear RelA levels correlated positively with NF-κB1–DNA binding in SM and AC in patients. SM RELA and MMP3 mRNA levels were upregulated, whereas IL-8 and IL-6 as well as AC RELA were downregulated in patients compared with controls. In SM, nuclear RelA levels correlated positively with MMP3 gene expression in patients. A negative correlation was observed between SM nuclear RelA levels and AC NF-κB1–DNA binding, and SM nuclear NF-κB1-DNA binding correlated negatively with AC MMP3 and NFKB1 mRNA levels in patients. These findings highlight NF-κB–triggered cross-talk and feedback mechanisms between SM and AC in OA. Further, our findings strongly support a role for an activated NF-κB system in the transcriptional mechanism of inflammatory processes, especially in SM of patients with advanced OA.
Preinjury to Postinjury Disablement and Recovery After a Lateral Ankle Sprain: A Case Report
Authors: Fraser John J. , Hertel Jay
Published: August 2018

A healthy 19-year-old male college student (height = 177.8 cm, mass = 64.3 kg, body mass index = 20.3 kg/m2, Foot Posture Index = −1) participating in a study sustained a grade 2 inversion lateral ankle sprain 3 days after completing patient-reported outcome measures. A treatment protocol including therapeutic exercises and midfoot mobilizations was provided. Patient-reported outcomes assessing physical health, mental health, and foot-ankle function were completed 3 days preinjury and 1, 3, and 12 weeks postinjury. Substantial postinjury changes in function, physical health, and kinesiophobia reflected functional limitations that improved with treatment and time. This level 3 exploration case report provides a rare opportunity to highlight preinjury-to-postinjury changes in patient-reported physical and psychological measures caused by a lateral ankle sprain.
First record of the marine turtle leech (Ozobranchus margoi) on hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the inner granitic Seychelles
Authors: Göpper Byron M. , Voogt Nina M. , Ganswindt Andre
Published: August 2018

Ozobranchus spp. are leeches that feed solely on turtle blood. They are common ectoparasites found on a range of marine turtle species, with some species of the leech being implicated as vectors of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV). Green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles are the two commonly occurring species in the inner granitic islands of the Seychelles. Routine monitoring of nesting turtles on Cousine Island, Seychelles, allowed for opportunistic sightings of leeches on two hawksbill females. In both cases infestation was low, with three leeches collected off one female turtle and five off the other. No obvious signs of papillomas secondary to infection of FPTHV were seen. All of the turtle leeches collected were determined to be Ozobranchus margoi as they had five pairs of lateral digiform branchiae. The specimens were deposited in the Seychelles Natural History Museum on Mahé. To the best of our knowledge this is the first record of Ozobranchus margoi recorded in the inner granitic Seychelles on hawksbill turtles.
An experimentally introduced population of Brassica rapa (Brassicaceae). 1. Phenotypic selection over three years following colonization of a novel environment
Authors: Sekor Michael R. , Franks Steven J.
Published: August 2018

Background and aims – Despite the importance of selection in driving evolution, little is known about the consistency of selection, particularly in the early stages of colonization of novel environments. This study examines the targets and consistency of selection on an experimentally introduced population of the annual plant, Brassica rapa L., in its first three years following introduction to a novel environment. Methods – Phenotypic selection analyses were conducted on a variety of traits collected during the first three years following introduction from California to New York, and the consistency of the strength and direction of selection was examined. Key results – The introduced population experienced direct selection for increased overall size and earlier flowering in 2011 and 2012, and increased height, earlier flowering, and longer duration of flowering in 2013. While the direction of selection only varied for height, inter-annual variation in the strength of selection was observed for a variety of traits, possibly due to changing weather patterns in the introduced environment. Conclusions – The results suggest that selection is dynamic and can fluctuate over time. Thus multi-year assessments of selection are useful for predicting evolutionary responses, particularly in the early stages of colonization of a novel environment.
Edaphic characterization of coastal Western Mediterranean Limonium (Plumbaginaceae)
Authors: Llorens Leonardo , Gil Lorenzo , Boira Herminio
Published: August 2018

Introduction – Edaphic factors influence the structure and composition of plant communities. The main objective is to identify soil properties associated with the presence of different Limonium species. Methods – We conducted a systematic phytocoenological and edaphic survey over 37 locations across the Balearic archipelago. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was applied to the physicochemical characteristics of soils in which 29 species of Limonium grow. Results – The distribution of Limonium species has a high correlation to specific edaphic factors. The species can be clustered into four major groups. The first group represents species with a high edaphic selectivity – soils characterized by having a high proportion of sand, SO42- and Ca2+. The second group is composed of species with high levels of SAR, OM and SO42- /Cl- ratio. The third group includes species present in soils with a loamy texture, low Ca2+ /Mg2+ ratio and high levels of CO32- and Mg2+. The fourth group includes plants which colonize soils that have a sandy texture, low salinity and high proportion of CO32-. Conclusions – A strong correlation between the distribution of Limonium species and soil characteristics exist. The study contributes to the establishment of foundations for habitat conservation, cultivation and recovery projects for endangered species of Limonium.
Field frequency and pattern of inheritance of the herbivory-defence trait “resistance-by-ducking” in the giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea, Asteraceae)
Authors: Wise Michael J.
Published: August 2018

Background and aims – For a more complete understanding of the eco-evolutionary dynamics of plant-herbivore interactions, it is important to know the genetic mechanisms that control defence traits, as well as the levels of genetic variation for these traits in plant populations. Here, I present results of a study of the occurrence and pattern of inheritance of the recently discovered trait of ‘resistance-by-ducking’ in the goldenrod Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae).Methods – I grew maternal families of seedlings from fruits collected in a large field population of S. gigantea in southwestern Virginia, USA. I determined stem phenotype (ducking or erect) for 704 plants across 36 maternal families.Key results – Of the 704 plants, 72% had ducking stems and 28% had erect stems. Employing bootstrapping with Hardy-Weinberg principles, I found that the pattern of inheritance was consistent with stem phenotype being controlled by a major gene, with the ducking morph being recessive to the erect morph. The allele frequencies for stem phenotype in the source population were estimated to be 0.85 ducking and 0.15 erect alleles.Conclusions – These findings not only help inform ecological studies of ducking in S. gigantea, but they lay the groundwork for comparative studies of similar goldenrod species whose populations have differing proportions of ducking stems. For example, in all previous studies on populations of S. altissima, ducking stems have been the minority morph, occurring at a frequency of less than 20%. These results suggest that ducking may be costlier in S. altissima, while S. gigantea may face different ecological pressures, or has somehow overcome some of the costs of ducking.
Diversification of Galianthe species (Rubiaceae) in the Neotropical seasonally dry forests: a case study of a mainly subshrubby genus
Authors: Florentín Javier E. , Arana Marcelo D. , Prado Darién E. , Morrone Juan J. , Salas Roberto M.
Published: August 2018

Aim ‒ To evaluate the current distribution of the species of the genus Galianthe by track analysis, and to establish the distributional patterns based on the available tectonic information and the biogeographical regionalization of the Neotropical region. Methods ‒ A total of 2680 geographical records of 55 species were analysed, representing 100% of the species assigned to Galianthe. Individual tracks were obtained for each species by plotting localities and connecting them by minimum-spanning trees. Generalized tracks and nodes were determined from the spatial overlap among individual tracks. Individual and generalized tracks and nodes were geographically located using DIVA-GIS. Generalized tracks and nodes were superimposed on two layers, one of them with the biogeographical provinces of the Neotropical region, and the other with the distribution of Neotropical seasonally dry forests.Results ‒ Five generalized tracks and four nodes were identified, all located within the Brazilian and Chacoan subregions. These nodes coincide with almost all fragments of Neotropical seasonally dry forests.Main conclusions ‒ Our results demonstrate the intimate relationship of the ancestral biota of Galianthe with the fragments of Neotropical seasonally dry forests, suggesting that they could serve as refugia during unfavourable geological periods and, therefore, actively influence the current distribution of their species. In addition, the early dispersal of the species, along with the various vicariant events such as the rise of the Andes, the cooling and aridification during the Oligocene-Miocene, the formation of the Chacoan subregion, and the alluvial dynamics during the Pliocene-Holocene could favoured adaptive radiation of Galianthe species.
Taxonomy, palynology, and seed morphology of Paepalanthus decumbens, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Trovó Marcelo , Picanço Wellerson L. , Gonçalves-Esteves Vânia
Published: August 2018

Background and aims – Paepalanthus is the largest genus of Neotropical Eriocaulaceae and the largest genus of Brazilian monocots. Much of its taxonomic and morphological diversity remains unknown. A new species is described, with details on pollen and seed morphology.Methods – The morphological description of the vegetative and floral characters was made using a stereoscopic microscope with camera. Pollen and seed samples from the new species and from two related taxa were studied under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Key results – Paepalanthus decumbens is described and illustrated, including details of pollen grains and seeds. The species is restricted to a small area in the campos rupestres of Serra de São José (Minas Gerais, Brazil), and therefore should be considered as critically endangered. The decumbent stem, falciform leaves with long trichomes along the margins, the numerous and sericeous scapes of roughly the same size of the leaves, and the dark castaneous involucral bracts are useful features for the recognition of the new species. Paepalanthus decumbens is placed in P. subsect. Polyactis and compared with P. microphyllus and P. stannardii, which have their pollen grains and seeds also herein described for the first time.
Comprehensive analysis of particle growth rates from nucleation mode to cloud condensation nuclei in boreal forest
Authors: Paasonen Pauli , Peltola Maija , Kontkanen Jenni , Junninen Heikki , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Growth of aerosol particles to sizes at which they can act as cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) is a crucial factor in estimating the current and
future impacts of aerosol–cloud–climate interactions. Growth rates (GRs) are
typically determined for particles with diameters (dP) smaller than 40 nm immediately after a regional new particle formation (NPF) event. These
growth rates are often taken as representatives for the particle growth to
CCN sizes (dP > 50–100 nm). In modelling frameworks, the
concentration of the condensable vapours causing the growth is typically
calculated with steady state assumptions, where the condensation sink (CS) is the
only loss term for the vapours. Additionally, the growth to CCN sizes is
represented with the condensation of extremely low-volatility vapours and
gas–particle partitioning of semi-volatile vapours. Here, we use a novel
automatic method to determine growth rates from below 10 nm to hundreds
of nanometres from a 20-year-long particle size distribution (PSD) data set in
boreal forest. With this method, we are able to detect growth rates also at
times other than immediately after a NPF event. We show that the GR increases
with an increasing oxidation rate of monoterpenes, which is closely coupled
with the ambient temperature. Based on our analysis, the oxidation reactions
of monoterpenes with ozone, hydroxyl radical and nitrate radical all are
capable of producing vapours that contribute to the particle growth in the
studied size ranges. We find that GR increases with particle diameter,
resulting in up to 3-fold increases in GRs for particles with dP ∼ 100 nm in comparison to those with dP ∼ 10 nm. We use a
single particle model to show that this increase in GR can be explained with
aerosol-phase reactions, in which semi-volatile vapours form non-volatile
dimers. Finally, our analysis reveals that the GR of particles with dP < 100 nm is not limited by the condensation sink, even though the GR
of larger particles is. Our findings suggest that in the boreal continental
environment, the formation of CCN from NPF or sub-100 nm emissions is more
effective than previously thought and that the formation of CCN is not as
strongly self-limiting a process as the previous estimates have suggested.
Average versus high surface ozone levels over the continental USA: model bias, background influences, and interannual variability
Authors: Guo Jean J. , Fiore Arlene M. , Murray Lee T. , Jaffe Daniel A. , Schnell Jordan L. , Moore Charles T. , Milly George P.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. US background ozone (O3) includes O3 produced from
anthropogenic O3 precursors emitted outside of the USA, from global
methane, and from any natural sources. Using a suite of sensitivity
simulations in the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model, we estimate
the influence from individual background sources versus US anthropogenic sources on
total surface O3 over 10 continental US regions from 2004 to 2012.
Evaluation with observations reveals model biases of +0–19 ppb in
seasonal mean maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) O3, highest in summer
over the eastern USA. Simulated high-O3 events cluster too late in the
season. We link these model biases to excessive regional O3
production (e.g., US anthropogenic, biogenic volatile organic compounds
(BVOCs), and soil NOx, emissions), or coincident missing
sinks. On the 10 highest observed O3 days during summer
(O3_top10obs_JJA), US anthropogenic emissions enhance
O3 by 5–11 ppb and by less than 2 ppb in the eastern versus
western USA. The O3 enhancement from BVOC emissions during summer is
1–7 ppb higher on O3_top10obs_JJA days than on average days,
while intercontinental pollution is up to 2 ppb higher on average versus on
O3_top10obs_JJA days. During the summers of 2004–2012, monthly
regional mean US background O3 MDA8 levels vary by up to 15 ppb
from year to year. Observed and simulated summertime total surface O3
levels on O3_top10obs_JJA days decline by 3 ppb (averaged over
all regions) from 2004–2006 to 2010–2012, reflecting rising US background
(+2 ppb) and declining US anthropogenic O3 emissions (−6 ppb)
in the model. The model attributes interannual variability in US background
O3 on O3_top10obs days to natural sources, not
international pollution transport. We find that a 3-year averaging period
is not long enough to eliminate interannual variability in background
O3 on the highest observed O3 days.
Conceptual model development using a generic Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) database for assessing the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on groundwater aquifers
Authors: Tatomir Alexandru , McDermott Christopher , Bensabat Jacob , Class Holger , Edlmann Katriona , Taherdangkoo Reza , Sauter Martin
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Hydraulic fracturing for natural gas extraction from unconventional
reservoirs has not only impacted the global energy landscape but has also
raised concerns over its potential environmental impacts. The concept of
“features, events and processes” (FEP) refers to identifying and selecting
the most relevant factors for safety assessment studies. In the context of
hydraulic fracturing we constructed a comprehensive FEP database and applied
it to six key focused scenarios defined under the scope of FracRisk project
(http://www.fracrisk.eu, last access: 17 August 2018). The FEP database is ranked to show the relevance of each
item in the FEP list per scenario. The main goal of the work is to illustrate
the FEP database applicability to develop a conceptual model for
regional-scale stray gas migration.
The joint influence of break and noise variance on the break detection capability in time series homogenization
Authors: Lindau Ralf , Venema Victor Karel Christiaan
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Instrumental climate records of the last centuries suffer from
multiple breaks due to relocations and changes in measurement techniques.
These breaks are detected by relative homogenization algorithms using the
difference time series between a candidate and a reference. Modern multiple
changepoint methods use a decomposition approach where the segmentation
explaining most variance defines the breakpoints, while a stop criterion
restricts the number of breaks. In this study a pairwise multiple breakpoint
algorithm consisting of these two components is tested with simulated data
for a range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) found in monthly temperature
station datasets. The results for low SNRs obtained by this algorithm do not
differ much from random segmentations; simply increasing the stop criterion
to reduce the number of breaks is shown to not be helpful. This can be
understood by considering that, in case of multiple breakpoints, even a
random segmentation can explain about half of the break variance. We derive
analytical equations for the explained noise and break variance for random
and optimal segmentations. From these we conclude that reliable break
detection at low but realistic SNRs needs a new approach. The problem is
relevant because the uncertainty of the trends of individual stations is
shown to be climatologically significant also for these small SNRs. An
important side result is a new method to determine the break variance and the
number of breaks in a difference time series by studying the explained
variance for random break positions. We further discuss the changes from
monthly to annual scale which increase the SNR by more than a factor of 3.
Contrasting effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide concentrations during a temperate estuarine fall bloom mesocosm experiment
Authors: Bénard Robin , Levasseur Maurice , Scarratt Michael , Michaud Sonia , Starr Michel , Mucci Alfonso , Ferreyra Gustavo , Gosselin Michel , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Lizotte Martine , Yang Gui-Peng
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The effects of ocean acidification and warming on the concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) were investigated during a mesocosm experiment in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) in the fall of 2014. Twelve mesocosms covering a range of pHT (pH on the total hydrogen ion concentration scale) from 8.0 to 7.2, corresponding to a range of CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) from 440 to 2900 µatm, at two temperatures (in situ and +5 °C; 10 °C and 15 °C) was monitored during 13 days. All mesocosms were characterized by the rapid development of a diatom bloom dominated by Skeletonema costatum, followed by its decline upon the exhaustion of nitrate and silicic acid. Neither the acidification nor the warming resulted in a significant impact on the abundance of bacteria over the experiment. However, warming the water by 5 °C resulted in a significant increase of the average bacterial production (BP) in all 15 °C mesocosms as compared to 10 °C, with no detectable effect of pCO2 on BP. Variations in total DMSP (DMSPt = particulate + dissolved DMSP) concentrations tracked the development of the bloom although the rise in DMSPt persisted for a few days after the peaks in chlorophyll a. Average concentrations of DMSPt were not affected by acidification or warming. Initially low concentrations of DMS (
Seasonal shifts in export of DOC and nutrients from burned and unburned peatland-rich catchments, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Burd Katheryn , Tank Suzanne E. , Dion Nicole , Quinton William L. , Spence Christopher , Tanentzap Andrew J. , Olefeldt David
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Boreal peatlands are major catchment sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients and thus strongly regulate the landscape carbon balance, aquatic food webs, and downstream water quality. Climate change is likely to influence catchment solute yield directly through climatic controls on run-off generation, but also indirectly through altered disturbance regimes. In this study we monitored water chemistry from early spring until fall at the outlets of a 321 km2 catchment that burned 3 years prior to the study and a 134 km2 undisturbed catchment. Both catchments were located in the discontinuous permafrost zone of boreal western Canada and had  ∼  60 % peatland cover. The two catchments had strong similarities in the timing of DOC and nutrient yields, but a few differences were consistent with anticipated effects of wildfire based on peatland porewater analysis. The 4-week spring period, particularly the rising limb of the spring freshet, was crucial for accurate characterization of the seasonal solute yield from both catchments. The spring period was responsible for  ∼  65 % of the seasonal DOC and nitrogen and for  ∼  85 % of the phosphorous yield. The rising limb of the spring freshet was associated with high phosphorous concentrations and DOC of distinctly high aromaticity and molecular weight. Shifts in stream DOC concentrations and aromaticity outside the early spring period were consistent with shifts in relative streamflow contribution from precipitation-like water in the spring to mineral soil groundwater in the summer, with consistent relative contributions from organic soil porewater. Radiocarbon content (14C) of DOC at the outlets was modern throughout May to September (fraction modern carbon, fM: 0.99–1.05) but likely reflected a mix of aged DOC, e.g. porewater DOC from permafrost (fM: 0.65–0.85) and non-permafrost peatlands (fM: 0.95–1.00), with modern bomb-influenced DOC, e.g. DOC leached from forest litter (fM: 1.05–1.10). The burned catchment had significantly increased total phosphorous (TP) yield and also had greater DOC yield during summer which was characterized by a greater contribution from aged DOC. Overall, however, our results suggest that DOC composition and yield from peatland-rich catchments in the discontinuous permafrost region likely is more sensitive to climate change through impacts on run-off generation rather than through altered fire regimes.
Talking the language to death
Authors: Johnson Diane , NeSmith Keao
Published: August 2018

In the late 19th century, when the United States began its illegal occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the teaching of languages was dominated by an approach— grammar translation—that has been associated with élitism and cultural dominance. Since then, there have been major developments in language teaching. Among these has been the development of “communicative language teaching” (CLT), an approach intended to encourage learners to use the target language for genuine communication in culturally appropriate contexts. However, analysis of a sample of Hawaiian language lessons taught in the second decade of the 20th century revealed little evidence of any of these. Instead, an approach reminiscent of aspects of grammar translation was very much in evidence, with teacher talk, often in English, occupying over half of the lesson in each case, and with considerable evidence of confusion, frustration and minimal participation on the part of many of the students. What this suggests is the need for a comprehensive review of all those factors that have an impact on the teaching and learning of Hawaiian, including, in particular, curriculum design and teacher ISSN 1837-0144 © International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 2 training. It is no longer possible to accept that while language teachers talk, often in the language/s of colonisers, language death continues to stalk those indigenous languages that have so far failed to succumb.
Maori on the Silver Screen
Authors: Martens Emiel
Published: August 2018

This article examines the evolution of Maori filmmaking since the 1980s and explores this Indigenous cinema in the context of developments in the New Zealand film industry. With Barry Barclay’s idea of ‘Fourth Cinema’ in mind, it focuses on the predominantly statefunded production of Maori feature films. The article is divided in three parts. The first part traces the beginnings of Maori cinema back to the 1970s and introduces the first three feature films directed by Maori filmmakers: Ngati (Barry Barclay, 1987), Mauri (Merata Mita, 1988), and Te Rua (Barry Barclay, 1991). The second part discusses the mainstream success of Once Were Warriors (Lee Tamahori, 1994) and the film’s paradoxical contribution to Maori cinema in the 1990s. The third and final part explores the intensified course of state-funded Maori filmmaking since the 2000s and addresses some of the opportunities and challenges facing Indigenous New Zealand cinema in the current
environment of institutional and commercial globalisation.
(Re)Positioning the Indigenous Academic Researcher
Authors: Summers Krystal
Published: August 2018

This article aims to explore, (de)construct, (re)affirm and (re)position my experiences in Indigenous-centred research through an Indigenous lens. Specifically, I look to highlight my experiences as a fourth-year undergraduate student who undertook a two-month Indigenous- centred research journey in Peru. This writing is an examination of my research processes to determine if I was able to maintain integrity with ethical Indigenous research practices and protocols, as outlined in my initial project proposal. As part of this reflection, I will explore how the qualitative methods of a critical Indigenous ethnography (re)positions research through the re-conceptualisation of these methods as natural configurations of Indigenous epistemologies and methodologies. Indigenous epistemologies encompass the same relational, political and storytelling processes described in critical, reflexive and auto-ethnographic research. Storytelling has been said to blur the discursive lines of research traditions, and as an Indigenous researcher, I believe I have a responsibility to share this story.
Indigenous Leadership and Governance in Australian Universities
Authors: Gunstone Andrew
Published: August 2018

In this article, I analyse a critical factor confronting Australian higher education—the involvement of Indigenous people in leadership and governance within universities. First, I examine the importance of this key factor in addressing the educational aspirations of Indigenous people at universities. Secondly, I discuss the results of a survey I conducted in 2012 on the approaches of universities towards the participation of Indigenous people in university leadership and governance. I argue that despite the demonstrable importance of this key factor, universities have clearly failed to genuinely address Indigenous leadership and governance. I also compare the results of the 2012 survey with the results obtained from similar previous surveys I conducted in 2000 and 2007.
You Need to Protect the Community'
Authors: Due Clemence
Published: August 2018

This paper considers representations of the so-called ‘gang of 49’ which appeared in the mainstream news in Australia from late 2007. In particular, it focuses on how Indigenous masculinity is associated with discourses of criminal behavior, delinquency, violence, and aggression within this media coverage. In examining these gendered discourses of violence, the paper also considers the ways in which the mainstream news media justified its extensive coverage of the so-called ‘gang of 49’ through recourse to the protection of public safety and security, thereby explicitly representing Indigenous males as a threat to the mainstream Australian community. Finally, the implications of this representation are considered in light of previous calls for accountability within the mainstream news media in relation to its coverage of issues concerning marginalised groups of people.
Māori Identity Construction in SNS
Authors: O'Carroll Acushla Dee
Published: August 2018

Māori people (the Indigenous people of New Zealand) possess deep spiritual connections to the environment, landscape and seascape which can be markers of one’s identity and acknowledging where their ancestors came from and thus, where they come from. Traditionally, ones whakapapa (genealogy), language and knowledge were acquired within traditional spaces (such as the marae) and orally passed down through generations. These aspects of cultural are no longer restricted to oral traditions or to the marae space. An increased access to knowledge and information through the Internet and SNS (social networking sites) now provides alternative methods to finding out, learning more and engaging with aspects of Māori cultural identity. This paper will address notions of Māori cultural identity in ascertaining how Māori identity is formed and constructed using SNS.
PILIRIQATIGIINNIQ ‘Working in a collaborative way for the common good’
Authors: Healy Gwen , Tagak Sr. Andrew
Published: August 2018

Increasing attention on the Arctic has led to an increase in research in this area. Health research in Arctic Indigenous communities is also increasing as part of this movement. A growing segment of the research community is focused on explaining and understanding Indigenous knowledge and ways of knowing. Researchers have become increasingly aware that Indigenous knowledge must be perceived, collected and shared in ways that are unique to, and shaped by, the communities and individuals from which this knowledge is gathered. This paper adds to this body of literature to provide Inuit perspectives on health-related research epistemologies and methodologies, with the intent that it may inform health researchers with an interest in Arctic health. The Inuit concepts of inuuqatigiittiarniq (“being respectful of all people”), unikkaaqatigiinniq (story-telling), pittiarniq (“being kind and good”), and iqqaumaqatigiinniq (“all things coming into one”) and piliriqatigiinniq (“working together for the common good”) are woven into a responsive community health research model grounded in Inuit ways of knowing which is shared and discussed.
Critical Reading of Aloha and Visual Sovereignty in Ke Kulana He Māhū
Authors: Teves Stephanie Nohelani
Published: August 2018

Native Studies and Queer Studies have begun creating linkages that interrogate the normalization of heterosexuality within Native communities and the ways that settler colonialism has been unquestioned in Queer Studies scholarship. This article adds to this body of scholarship by performing a critical re-reading of the film, Ke Kulana He Māhū (2001), a film about the history of sexuality in Hawaiʻi and the role of māhūs in modern day Hawaiian culture. The film engages the struggles for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights in Hawaiʻi throughout the 1990s, but, curiously, it obscures the Hawaiian sovereignty movement that was happening simultaneously. Against this backdrop, I examine the rhetorical performance of aloha in the film and the dangers of harnessing Hawaiian culture to support the recognition of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) rights. This article also examines how the film participates in visual sovereignty to foreground Kanaka Maoli commitments to cultural identity, community and belonging.
Editorial
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen , McMillan Mark , Singh David
Published: August 2018

This edition scales the merlons and embrasures that mark the epistemological barriers that contemporary colonising power continually puts in place. Each article harnesses a critical Indigenous perspective in order to challenge conservative approaches or positions, be they concerned with reconciliation, Indigenous-led research, research tools or the nature of Aboriginal being. The first article, by Barry Judd and Emma Barrow, examines reconciliation discourse within the higher education sector and highlights the ways a normative Anglo-Australian identity militates against genuine ‘whitefella’ attempts to ‘reconcile’. The authors stress the importance of inclusive, institutional practice that serves to decentre Anglo-centrism and which, in turn, brings Indigenous peoples more fully into the fold of Australian university life.
Participatory video making for research and health promotion in remote Australian Aboriginal communities
Authors: Sinclair Craig , Keelan Peter , Stokes Samuel , Stokes Annette , Jeffries-Stokes Christine
Published: August 2018

This paper describes the participatory video (PV) method as a means of engaging children in remote Aboriginal communities as participants in health research. The PV method was piloted in two remote communities in the Goldfields region of Western Australia. There was widespread community acceptance of this approach and preliminary findings are discussed with reference to the key themes of perspectives on health, benefits to participants and benefits to communities. The PV method has a number of strengths, including flexibility to respond to community priorities, a lack of dependence on verbal or written data collection and the capacity to generate immediate benefits for participants. While not without methodological problems, these pilot projects suggest that the PV method is well suited to the remote Aboriginal communities who participated. The ethical implications of the PV method are discussed with specific reference to published ethical guidelines.
Fānanaua
Authors: Sanga Kabini
Published: August 2018

A key reason for many leadership development programmes in Pacific Islands countries is to teach ethics to Pacific Islands leaders. However, as interventions, these programmes are exclusively reliant on Western ideas about ethics and ethics education. To counter such impositions, this paper discusses the nature of indigenous clan ethics and how ethics education is undertaken in an indigenous Solomon Islands clan. Based on an insider-research project of the Gula'alā people of the Solomon Islands, the paper reports on the differences of indigenous ethics education to how ethics is taught, as reported in the global literature and seen in leadership development programmes in Pacific Islands countries.
Editorial
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen , McMillan Mark , Singh David
Published: August 2018

The articles in this edition address two critical concerns that can be broadly characterised as Indigeneity as a spectacle and the elision of Indigenous sovereignty by multiculturalism and diversity. The first article, by Maryrose Casey, examines nineteenth and early twentieth century Indigenous performances that drew on cultural practices for entertainment. She highlights how these commercially driven performances were, in fact, demonstrations of sovereignty that white colonisers paid to observe. A measure of the success of these demonstrations can be found in the reactions of audiences, which often involved disrupting the spectacle by physically occupying the performance space.
Rethinking Sociology, Social Darwinism and Aboriginal Peoples
Authors: Butler Kathleen
Published: August 2018

In various fora, Australian sociologists have recognised a need for greater Indigenous content and perspectives in their teaching practice. This paper addresses how this can occur through critiquing the inclusion of Darwin and Durkheim in undergraduate sociology teaching. It then provides a brief consideration of the author’s own teaching practice and a workshop that she ran to address some of the problematic issues that she had identified.
Teaching Indigenous Studies
Authors: Rosas-Blanch Faye
Published: August 2018

This paper looks at the experiences associated with teaching Indigenous studies in an Australian university. It employs the concept of racialized assemblages in relation to Indigenous academics and pre-service teachers when teaching about Indigenous students. It also investigates the university’s ethical obligation of teaching in this complex space. In the lecturing and tutoring, the Indigenous educator’s body is ‘raced’ and ‘othered’ within the dominant Western discourses of knowledge production. This paper challenges and disrupts Western epistemic knowledge practices of racializing Indigenous body and supports a praxis of Indigenous humanness for the Indigenous educator.
The implementation of the New Urban Agenda. Our ongoing efforts after almost two years from the Habitat III conference
Authors: Bravo Luisa
Published: August 2018

Nowadays we are facing an unprecedented situation: the ‘urban’ is complex, like never before, and a great suffer comes from the humanity as a whole. The rise of poverty has generated conflicts and political instability in many countries. Equity, social justice and democracy are challenged by private interests and public space is seriously at risk. The New Urban Agenda adopted at the Habitat III conference and the related Sustainable Development Goals and their targets, with particular reference to SDG 11.7[1], recognize that public space is a key element for sustainable urban development. I strongly and passionately believe that public space is a fundamental human right, it is so precious but also so fragile that needs to be protected and preserved, if we really want to build cities for all, leaving no one behind.
 
[1] According to the global indicator framework, the target retlated to SDG 11.7 is: ‘By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities’ - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg11
We the public space. Strategies to deal with inequalities in order to achieve inclusive and sustainable urban environments
Authors: Bravo Luisa
Published: August 2018

At the Ninth session of the World Urban Forum, convened by UN-Habitat, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, held on 7-13 February 2018 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, City Space Architecture was selected to coordinate a networking event, which took place on Sunday February 11 at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre.The networking event was intended to be an effective contribution to the discussion related to improvement of human health and well-being, overcoming discrimination and inequalities, thus giving rights to vulnerable community-groups. Those references are relevant both for the implementation of the New Urban Agenda and for the achievement of the SDGs. Human health and well-being are strongly related to public space and the way it is designed and managed. Nowadays we often record the increasingly privatisation of the public domain in direct and indirect ways; also, the lack of facilities to access, live and enjoy the public space often isolate communities, limiting their freedom to engage into the public sphere. We mainly refer to public space's cultural richness, identity and diversity, but in our contemporary times public space is dealing more and more with inequalities, poverty and conflicts. Public spaces are meant to be open, inclusive and democratic, but today we see physical, social and economic barriers that challenge the true nature of public space: economic issues, social and cultural segregation, huge real estate investments, privatization trends and gentrification processes are dominating aspirations of local communities and different social groups. We also experience theoretical barriers to an open discussion on public space: the discourse is often limited to specific national or linguistic areas and the dominance of exempla from the so-called global West or global North are limiting our knowledge about public space, often imposing an oversimplified view of public space design, management and use. Those barriers, physical and theoretical, are a threat to our communities in terms of access to basic needs; they are also an obstacle for the implementation of the New Urban Agenda and its principles.
Smart City, Just City. An IHC Global Initiative in Support of the New Urban Agenda
Authors: Hermanson Judith
Published: August 2018

This article describes IHC Global’s “Smart City. Just City” initiative which it launched at a panel at the ninth World Urban Forum (WUF 9) held in Kuala Lumpur in February 2018.  The initiative is a key component of IHC Global’s commitment to the New Urban Agenda and to achieving the aims of Global Goal 11.  By seeking to align two different approaches to urban development – the technology driven “smart city” approach and the “social justice” informed “just city” approach – its goal is to fill a policy and practice gap with a policy framework and supporting indicators which will enable cities to intentionally use technology to achieve greater inclusiveness and equity and so to create places and spaces which are both “smart” and “just.” Too often “smart cities” focus on technology almost exclusively and when other benefits are seen as “by-products” of the technology.  On the other hand, the human-centered focus of “just cities” too often fails to think sufficiently progressively or to use available technologies to advance its goals.  “Smart City. Just City” aims to bring these two approaches together, to show that “technology” and “human centeredness” are not mutually exclusive terms and that the often private-sector driven use of technology can in fact serve “public good” purposes when these purposes are intentionally pursued.  IHC Global’s premise is that when a city uses smart technology with the purpose to achieve greater inclusiveness and justice, divisions will be lessened; economic opportunities will be more plentiful and widely available; a large number of people will be more robustly prepared to cope with natural and other “shocks”; and the city, as a whole, will prosper.
Crisis financiera mundial : su impacto social y político en Centroamérica
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: August 2018

En este ensayo se hace una aproximación al impacto social y político de la crisis financiera. Se parte de una visión general de las implicaciones de la misma, para luego hacer un examen de sus implicaciones sociales y políticas. Se concluye con un conjunto de reflexiones acerca de los desafíos que plantea a la gobernabilidad democrática centroamericana el impacto de la crisis y su entrelazamiento con los procesos que, con anterioridad o independencia de ella, marcan actualmente a la región.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 17, Julio de 2010, pp.5-40
Exploring the relationship between perceived educational environment and academic achievement among critical care nursing students
Authors: Shalaby Samah Anwar , Aljezani Areej Talal
Published: August 2018

Objective: The integrated nursing educational environment remains to have a crucial influence on the student achievement, behaviors, satisfaction and success. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived educational environment and academic achievement among critical care student nurses.Methods: Participants of this quantitative exploratory descriptive co relational study were 64 students selected conveniently from the students enrolled in Critical Care Nursing course at spring and fall semesters 2016/2017 in King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University. A self-reported questionnaire titled “Student Nurses’ Educational Environment Perception (SNEEP)” developed by the researcher to explore the relationship between perceived educational environment and academic achievement among critical care student nurses.Results: Students aged between 22 to 28 years old and half of them were single, while 58% of students had grade point average (GPA) between 2 to 3.49 and most students perceived their educational environment as more positive than negative, whereas the mean of their perception score was 138.58 ± 11.44. Finally, there was no statistical significant relationship between students’ academic achievement and their both clinical and educational environment perception.Conclusions: Despite the students perceived their clinical and educational environment as more positive than negative indicating their high level of satisfaction in most of areas of critical care nursing course, the current study revealed no significant correlation between students’ clinical and educational environment perception with their GPA. This necessitates the need for ongoing evaluation of learning environment for the same course and other courses to address any further correlation factors that may hinder the learning of students with unsatisfactory academic achievement.