bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiential Learning in Community Oral Health Promotion: A Qualitative Evaluation of the Experiential Aspects
Authors: Pau Allan , Mutalik Vimi Sunil
Published: July 2016

Experiential learning is not merely a set of tools and techniques to provide experiences for knowledge and skills acquisition but also learning that embraces certain principles that must be present at some time during learning. These principles are (a) a mixture of content and process, (b) an absence of excessive judgment, (c) engagement in purposeful endeavors, (d) encouraging the big-picture perspective, (e) the role of reflection, (f) emotional investment, (g) reexamination of values, (h) meaningful relationships, and (i) learning outside one’s perceived comfort zones. We implemented and evaluated a learning initiative in which 30 dental students participated in oral health promotion activities in a residential care home for older adults. Qualitative feedback provided by 24 students suggested that the initiative provided a mixture of content and processes for knowledge application, gave “the opportunity to develop creative interventions and make decisions”; allowed students to “solve problems and share knowledge”; helped them “see the reality more . . . and reach out to the community”; led them to reflect on their effectiveness, “not sure what we have done are sufficient to actually help”; motivated them to “take some time off to understand their troubles” and not just doing what they thought was required; inspired them to examine their values around “feeling of social connectedness . . . and a desire to give back”; and provided opportunities to learn outside their comfort zones, “step out of campus and encounter all the different people” and demonstrated that the experiential aspects of experiential learning can and should be evaluated.
PI3K p85 β regulatory subunit deficiency does not affect NK cell differentiation and increases NKG2D-mediated activation
Authors: Rojas José M , Spada Roberto , Sanz-Ortega Laura , Morillas Laura , Mejías Raquel , Mulens-Arias Vladimir , Pérez-Yagüe Sonia , Barber Domingo F
Published: July 2016

Activation of NK cells depends on a balance between activating and inhibitory signals. Class Ia PI3K are heterodimeric proteins with a catalytic and a regulatory subunit and have a central role in cell signaling by associating with tyrosine kinase receptors to trigger signaling cascades. The regulatory p85 subunit participates in signaling through NKG2D, one of the main activating receptors on NK cells, via its interaction with the adaptor protein DAP10. Although the effects of inhibiting catalytic subunits or deleting the regulatory p85α subunit have been studied, little attention has focused on the role of the p85β subunit in NK cells. Using p85β knockout mice, we found that p85β deficiency does not alter NK cell differentiation and maturation in spleen or bone marrow. NK cells from p85β−/− mice nonetheless produced more IFN-γ and degranulated more effectively when stimulated with anti-NKG2D antibody. These cells also degranulated and killed NKG2D ligand-expressing target cells more efficiently. We show that p85β deficiency impaired NKG2D internalization, which could contribute to the activated phenotype. Decreasing p85β subunit protein levels might thus constitute a therapeutic target to promote NK cell activity toward NKG2D ligand-expressing cells.
Choice of Surgical Procedure for Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer ≤ 1 cm or > 1 to 2 cm Among Lobectomy, Segmentectomy, and Wedge Resection: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Dai Chenyang , Shen Jianfei , Ren Yijiu , Zhong Shengyi , Zheng Hui , He Jiaxi , Xie Dong , Fei Ke , Liang Wenhua , Jiang Gening , Yang Ping , Petersen Rene Horsleben , Ng Calvin S.H. , Liu Chia-Chuan , Rocco Gaetano , Brunelli Alessandro , Shen Yaxing , Chen Chang , He Jianxing
Published: July 2016

Purpose

According to the lung cancer staging project, T1a (≤ 2 cm) non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should be additionally classified into ≤ 1 cm and > 1 to 2 cm groups. This study aimed to investigate the surgical procedure for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm and > 1 to 2 cm.

Methods

We identified 15,760 patients with T1aN0M0 NSCLC after surgery from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer–specific survival (LCSS) were compared among patients after lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection. The proportional hazards model was applied to evaluate multiple prognostic factors.

Results

OS and LCSS favored lobectomy compared with segmentectomy or wedge resection in patients with NSCLC ≤ 1 cm and > 1 to 2 cm. Multivariable analysis showed that segmentectomy and wedge resection were independently associated with poorer OS and LCSS than lobectomy for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm and > 1 to 2 cm. With sublobar resection, lower OS and LCSS emerged for NSCLC > 1 to 2 cm after wedge resection, whereas similar survivals were observed for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm. Multivariable analyses showed that wedge resection is an independent risk factor of survival for NSCLC > 1 to 2 cm but not for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm.

Conclusion

Lobectomy showed better survival than sublobar resection for patients with NSCLC ≤ 1 cm and > 1 to 2 cm. For patients in whom lobectomy is unsuitable, segmentectomy should be recommended for NSCLC > 1 to 2 cm, whereas surgeons could rely on surgical skills and the patient profile to decide between segmentectomy and wedge resection for NSCLC ≤ 1 cm.
Continued Risk of Relapse Independent of Treatment Modality in Limited-Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Final and Long-Term Analysis of Southwest Oncology Group Study S8736
Authors: Stephens Deborah M. , Li Hongli , LeBlanc Michael L. , Puvvada Soham D. , Persky Daniel , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Smith Sonali M.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Utility of combined-modality therapy for patients with limited-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was shown in the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) S8736 study, where three cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) plus radiotherapy (CHOP3RT) improved 5-year progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with eight cycles of CHOP (CHOP8). Subsequent analysis showed an unexpected overlap of the PFS curves. We aimed to confirm and investigate this observation by performing long-term analysis of SWOG S8736 and evaluating these data alongside data from similar patients receiving rituximab and CHOP3RT (SWOG S0014 study).

Patients and Methods

A subset of patients with limited-stage DLBCL randomly assigned to CHOP8 (n = 150) or CHOP3RT (n = 158) in S8736 was analyzed along with a 56-patient subset treated in S0014 for long-term PFS and OS.

Results

Median follow-up in S8736 was 17.7 years. In patients receiving CHOP8 and CHOP3RT, median PFS was 12.0 (95% CI, 8.8 to 14.3) and 11.1 years (95% CI, 8.9 to 14.4), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in PFS between the groups (P = .73). Median OS was 13.0 (95% CI, 10.4 to 15.2) and 13.7 years (95% CI, 11.1 to 19.4) for patients treated with CHOP8 and CHOP3RT, respectively. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in OS between the groups (P = .38). With a median follow-up time 12 years in S0014, 5- and 10-year OS were 82% and 67%, respectively, with a persistent pattern of relapse despite the addition of rituximab.

Conclusion

Although 5-year PFS and OS were improved after early analysis in patients with limited-stage DLBCL receiving CHOP3RT versus CHOP8, extended survival data showed similar PFS and OS, with continuous treatment failure. The addition of rituximab (S0014) to combined-modality therapy did not mitigate the continued relapse risk, underscoring the value of prolonged clinical trial patient observation and possible unique biology of limited-stage DLBCL.
CNS International Prognostic Index: A Risk Model for CNS Relapse in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With R-CHOP
Authors: Schmitz Norbert , Zeynalova Samira , Nickelsen Maike , Kansara Roopesh , Villa Diego , Sehn Laurie H. , Glass Bertram , Scott David W. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Connors Joseph M. , Ziepert Marita , Pfreundschuh Michael , Loeffler Markus , Savage Kerry J.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To develop and validate a risk score for relapse in the CNS in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Patients and Methods

A total of 2,164 patients (18 to 80 years old) with aggressive B-cell lymphomas (80% DLBCL) treated with rituximab and CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone)-like chemotherapy, who were enrolled in studies from the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group and the MabThera International Trial, were analyzed for occurrence of relapse/progression in the CNS. The resulting risk model was validated in an independent data set of 1,597 patients with DLBCL identified in the British Columbia Cancer Agency Lymphoid Cancer database.

Results

The risk model consists of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) factors in addition to involvement of kidneys and/or adrenal glands (CNS-IPI). In a three-risk group model, the low-risk group (46% of all patients analyzed), the intermediate-risk group (41%), and the high-risk group (12%) showed 2-year rates of CNS disease of 0.6% (CI, 0% to 1.2%), 3.4% (CI, 2.2% to 4.4%), and 10.2% (CI, 6.3% to 14.1%), respectively. Patients from the validation British Columbia Cancer Agency data set showed similar rates of CNS disease for low-risk (0.8%; CI, 0.0% to 1.6%), intermediate-risk (3.9%; CI, 2.3% to 5.5%), and high-risk (12.0%; CI, 7.9% to 16.1%) groups.

Conclusion

The CNS-IPI is a robust, highly reproducible tool that can be used to estimate the risk of CNS relapse/progression in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy. Close to 90% of patients with DLBCL belong to the low- and intermediate-risk groups and have a CNS relapse risk < 5%; they may be spared any diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. In contrast, those in the high-risk group have a > 10% risk of CNS relapse and should be considered for CNS-directed investigations and prophylactic interventions.
BRAF Mutation Correlates With High-Risk Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Increased Resistance to First-Line Therapy
Authors: Héritier Sébastien , Emile Jean-François , Barkaoui Mohamed-Aziz , Thomas Caroline , Fraitag Sylvie , Boudjemaa Sabah , Renaud Florence , Moreau Anne , Peuchmaur Michel , Chassagne-Clément Catherine , Dijoud Frédérique , Rigau Valérie , Moshous Despina , Lambilliotte Anne , Mazingue Françoise , Kebaili Kamila , Miron Jean , Jeziorski Eric , Plat Geneviève , Aladjidi Nathalie , Ferster Alina , Pacquement Hélène , Galambrun Claire , Brugières Laurence , Leverger Guy , Mansuy Ludovic , Paillard Catherine , Deville Anne , Armari-Alla Corinne , Lutun Anne , Gillibert-Yvert Marion , Stephan Jean-Louis , Cohen-Aubart Fleur , Haroche Julien , Pellier Isabelle , Millot Frédéric , Lescoeur Brigitte , Gandemer Virginie , Bodemer Christine , Lacave Roger , Hélias-Rodzewicz Zofia , Taly Valérie , Geissmann Frédéric , Donadieu Jean
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory myeloid neoplasia with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and outcomes in children. The somatic BRAFV600E mutation occurs frequently, but clinical significance remains to be determined.

Patients and Methods

BRAFV600E mutation was investigated in a French LCH cohort. We analyzed associations between mutation status and clinical presentation, extent of disease, reactivation rate, response to therapy, and long-term permanent sequelae.

Results

Among 315 patients with successfully determined BRAF status, 173 (54.6%) carried a BRAFV600E mutation. Patients with BRAFV600E manifested more severe disease than did those with wild-type BRAF. Patients with BRAFV600E comprised 87.8% of patients (43 of 49) with multisystem LCH with risk organ involvement (liver, spleen, hematology), 68.6% of patients (35 of 51) with multisystem LCH without risk organ involvement, 43.9% of patients (86 of 196) with single-system LCH, and 42.1% of patients (8 of 19) with lung-involved LCH (P < .001). BRAFV600E mutation was also associated with organ involvement that could lead to permanent, irreversible damage, such as neurologic (75%) and pituitary (72.9%) injuries. Compared with patients with wild-type BRAF, patients with BRAFV600E more commonly displayed resistance to combined vinblastine and corticosteroid therapy (21.9% v 3.3%; P = .001), showed a higher reactivation rate (5-year reactivation rate, 42.8% v 28.1%; P = .006), and had more permanent, long-term consequences from disease or treatment (27.9% v 12.6%; P = .001).

Conclusion

In children with LCH, BRAFV600E mutation was associated with high-risk features, permanent injury, and poor short-term response to chemotherapy. Further population-based studies should be undertaken to confirm our observations and to assess the impact of BRAF inhibitors for this subgroup of patients who may benefit from targeted therapy.
Endocrine Abnormalities in Aging Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Seidel Kristy , Leisenring Wendy M. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Stovall Marilyn , Meacham Lillian R. , Green Daniel M. , Weathers Rita , Ginsberg Jill P. , Robison Leslie L. , Sklar Charles A.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The development of endocrinopathies in survivors of childhood cancer as they age remains understudied. We characterized endocrine outcomes in aging survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study on the basis of therapeutic exposures.

Patients and Methods

We analyzed self-reported conditions in 14,290 5-year survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, with a median age 6 years (range, < 1 to 20 years) at diagnosis and 32 years (range, 5 to 58 years) at last follow-up. Identification of high-risk therapeutic exposures was adopted from the Children’s Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines. Cumulative incidence curves and prevalence estimates quantified and regression models compared risks of primary hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid neoplasms, hypopituitarism, obesity, diabetes mellitus, or gonadal dysfunction between survivors and siblings.

Results

The cumulative incidence and prevalence of endocrine abnormalities increased across the lifespan of survivors (P < .01 for all). Risk was significantly higher in survivors exposed to high-risk therapies compared with survivors not so exposed for primary hypothyroidism (hazard ratio [HR], 6.6; 95% CI, 5.6 to 7.8), hyperthyroidism (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.8), thyroid nodules (HR, 6.3; 95% CI, 5.2 to 7.5), thyroid cancer (HR, 9.2; 95% CI, 6.2 to 13.7), growth hormone deficiency (HR, 5.3; 95% CI, 4.3 to 6.4), obesity (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.0), and diabetes mellitus (relative risk, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.4). Women exposed to high-risk therapies had six-fold increased risk for premature ovarian insufficiency (P < .001), and men demonstrated higher prevalence of testosterone replacement (P < .001) after cyclophosphamide equivalent dose of 20 g/m2 or greater or testicular irradiation with 20 Gy or greater. Survivors demonstrated an increased risk for all thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus regardless of treatment exposures compared with siblings (P < .001 for all).

Conclusion

Endocrinopathies in survivors increased substantially over time, underscoring the need for lifelong subspecialty follow-up of those at risk.
Reduced Bone Density and Cortical Bone Indices in Female Adiponectin-Knockout Mice
Authors: Naot Dorit , Watson Maureen , Callon Karen E. , Tuari Donna , Musson David S. , Choi Ally J. , Sreenivasan Dharshini , Fernandez Justin , Tu Pao Ting , Dickinson Michelle , Gamble Greg D. , Grey Andrew , Cornish Jillian
Published: July 2016

A positive association between fat and bone mass is maintained through a network of signaling molecules. Clinical studies found that the circulating levels of adiponectin, a peptide secreted from adipocytes, are inversely related to visceral fat mass and bone mineral density, and it has been suggested that adiponectin contributes to the coupling between fat and bone. Our study tested the hypothesis that adiponectin affects bone tissue by comparing the bone phenotype of wild-type and adiponectin-knockout (APN-KO) female mice between the ages of 8–37 weeks. Using a longitudinal study design, we determined body composition and bone density using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. In parallel, groups of animals were killed at different ages and bone properties were analyzed by microcomputed tomography, dynamic histomorphometry, 3-point bending test, nanoindentation, and computational modelling. APN-KO mice had reduced body fat and decreased whole-skeleton bone mineral density. Microcomputed tomography analysis identified reduced cortical area fraction and average cortical thickness in APN-KO mice in all the age groups and reduced trabecular bone volume fraction only in young APN-KO mice. There were no major differences in bone strength and material properties between the 2 groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate a positive effect of adiponectin on bone geometry and density in our mouse model. Assuming adiponectin has similar effects in humans, the low circulating levels of adiponectin associated with increased fat mass are unlikely to contribute to the parallel increase in bone mass. Therefore, adiponectin does not appear to play a role in the coupling between fat and bone tissue.
Ambient Light Exposure and Changes in Obesity Parameters: A Longitudinal Study of the HEIJO-KYO Cohort
Authors: Obayashi Kenji , Saeki Keigo , Kurumatani Norio
Published: July 2016

Context:

Previous epidemiological studies have suggested an association between nighttime light levels and the prevalence of obesity, although evidence is limited to cross-sectional studies.

Objective:

To evaluate the longitudinal association between ambient light exposure and the subsequent changes in obesity parameters.

Design and Participants:

Data from 1110 elderly participants at baseline (mean age, 71.9 years) and data from 766 at follow-up (median, 21 months) were included in this prospective population-based study.

Measures:

Time-dependent ambient light exposure based on objective measurements and changes in the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI) were measured.

Results:

Multivariable mixed-effect linear regression models showed a significant association between light exposure and the %WHtR gain; this was independent of potential confounders (eg, caloric intake, physical activity, and sleep/wake parameters). Nighttime or evening exposure to higher light intensity was significantly associated with subsequent %WHtR gain. Morning exposure to a longer time ≥500 lux or nighttime exposure to a longer time <3 lux was significantly associated with subsequent %WHtR loss. These association trends were nearly consistent when the BMI was used as an obesity parameter. Increased nighttime light exposure (mean ≥3 vs <3 lux) was estimated to correspond to a 10.2% WHtR gain and a 10.0% increase in BMI over 10 years.

Conclusions:

Ambient light exposure, such as increased nighttime or evening light exposure and decreased morning light exposure, was independently associated with subsequent increases in obesity parameters. Further interventional studies are warranted to establish an optimal controlled lighting environment as a preventive option against obesity.
Hallmarks of progeroid syndromes: lessons from mice and reprogrammed cells
Authors: Carrero Dido , Soria-Valles Clara , López-Otín Carlos
Published: July 2016

Ageing is a process that inevitably affects most living organisms and involves the accumulation of macromolecular damage, genomic instability and loss of heterochromatin. Together, these alterations lead to a decline in stem cell function and to a reduced capability to regenerate tissue. In recent years, several genetic pathways and biochemical mechanisms that contribute to physiological ageing have been described, but further research is needed to better characterize this complex biological process. Because premature ageing (progeroid) syndromes, including progeria, mimic many of the characteristics of human ageing, research into these conditions has proven to be very useful not only to identify the underlying causal mechanisms and identify treatments for these pathologies, but also for the study of physiological ageing. In this Review, we summarize the main cellular and animal models used in progeria research, with an emphasis on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell models, and define a series of molecular and cellular hallmarks that characterize progeroid syndromes and parallel physiological ageing. Finally, we describe the therapeutic strategies being investigated for the treatment of progeroid syndromes, and their main limitations.
A role for acoustic distortion in novel rapid frequency modulation behaviour in free-flying male mosquitoes
Authors: Simões Patrício M.V. , Ingham Robert A. , Gibson Gabriella , Russell Ian J.
Published: July 2016

We describe a new stereotypical acoustic behaviour by male mosquitoes in response to the fundamental frequency of female flight-tones during mating sequences. This male-specific free-fight behaviour consists of phonotactic flight beginning with a steep increase in wing-beat frequency (WBF) followed by Rapid Frequency Modulation (RFM) of WBF in the lead-up to copula formation. Male RFM behaviour involves remarkably fast changes in WBF and can be elicited without acoustic feedback or physical presence of the female. RFM features are highly consistent, even in response to artificial tones that do not carry the multi-harmonic components of natural female flight-tones. Comparison between audiograms of the robust RFM behaviour and the electrical responses of the auditory Johnston's organ (JO) reveals that the male JO is tuned not to the female WBF per se, but, remarkably, to the difference between the male and female WBFs. This difference is generated in the JO responses due to intermodulation distortion products (DPs) caused through nonlinear interaction between male-female flight-tones in the vibrations of the antenna. We propose that male mosquitoes rely on their own flight-tones in making use of DPs to acoustically detect, locate and orientate towards flying females. We argue that the previously documented flight-tone harmonic convergence of flying male and female mosquitoes could be a consequence of WBF adjustments so that DPs generated through flight-tone interaction fall within the optimal frequency ranges for JO detection.
Emerging concepts for PI3K/mTOR inhibition as a potential treatment for osteosarcoma
Authors: Bishop Michael W. , Janeway Katherine A.
Published: July 2016

Patients with metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma fare poorly, and new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve survival. Several recent complementary genomic and pathway analyses of both murine and human osteosarcoma have revealed common aberrations of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in osteosarcoma. Preclinical data demonstrate that inhibition of PI3K and mTOR with either a combination of single agents or dual inhibiting compounds can decrease cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. With a lack of available clinical agents active in osteosarcoma, PI3K/mTOR inhibition represents a potential vulnerability in osteosarcoma that warrants clinical investigation.
Scientific Basis of Constructing the Structural Model of the School Students� Functional Competence
Authors: ������  , Sedova E. , �����  , Sedov Sergey
Published: July 2016

The article describes an approach to structuring educational results based upon the M.S. Kagan�s fi ve-component model of personal potential (cognitive,

axiological, creative, communicative and aesthetical potentials). Under the term �students� functional competence� we understand their readiness for socio-

economic activity and ability to integrate into their social environment. We consider the principles of constructing the structural model of the school

students� functional competence and its didactical possibilities aimed at harmonizing the socialization process of the students.
Human Factor at Handicraft Lessons
Authors: ������  , Bychkov Anatoliy
Published: July 2016

The article reveals the mechanisms of realization of the human factor in the unifi ed educational space and further education. The structure of teaching, research and project activities at handicraft lessons for 5th and 6th grades is established. The author provides recommendations on ways to strengthen the adolescents� creativity. The teaching on the basis of law of development and using for teaching research and project work of students is justifi ed. The recommendations for formation of creative world view of students in general schools, focused on formation of psychological and functional readiness of young people to work in a modern high-tech production. Special attention is given to the realization of ecological thinking skills in diff erent forms of creative activity. The expediency of forming by students the concepts of social and ethical aspects of scientifi c and technical progress is justifi ed. Personal learning results, identifi ed in the standard for general school, and recommendations for their diagnostics are described.
Multistage Adjustable Robust Mixed-Integer Optimization via Iterative Splitting of the Uncertainty Set
Authors: Postek Krzysztof , Hertog Dick den
Published: July 2016

In this paper we propose a methodology for constructing decision rules for integer and continuous decision variables in multiperiod robust linear optimization problems. This type of problem finds application in, for example, inventory management, lot sizing, and manpower management. We show that by iteratively splitting the uncertainty set into subsets, one can differentiate the later-period decisions based on the revealed uncertain parameters. At the same time, the problem’s computational complexity stays at the same level, as for the static robust problem. This also holds in the nonfixed recourse situation. In the fixed recourse situation our approach can be combined with linear decision rules for the continuous decision variables. We provide theoretical results on splitting the uncertainty set by identifying sets of uncertain parameter scenarios to be divided for an improvement in the worst-case objective value. Based on this theory, we propose several splitting heuristics. Numerical examples entailing a capital budgeting and a lot sizing problem illustrate the advantages of the proposed approach.
Optimization-Based Very Large-Scale Neighborhood Search for Generalized Assignment Problems with Location/Allocation Considerations
Authors: Ghoniem Ahmed , Flamand Tulay , Haouari Mohamed
Published: July 2016

This paper introduces a novel class of generalized assignment problems with location/allocation considerations that arises in several applications including retail shelf space allocation. We consider a set of items where each item may represent a family of products and a set of variable-sized knapsacks that may represent shelves, which comprise contiguous segments having distinct attractiveness. The decision-maker seeks to assign the set of items to these knapsacks, specify their segment assignments within knapsacks, and determine their total allocated space within predetermined lower/upper bounds in a fashion that maximizes a reward-based objective function. We develop an effective optimization-based very large-scale neighborhood search (VLNS), which greatly outperforms the best solution identified by CPLEX within one CPU hour, whereas general-purpose solver heuristics failed to provide feasible solutions to most of the larger instances within a time limit comparable to the VLNS algorithm run times. Our computational study was carried out on randomly generated computationally challenging instances with up to 210 items and 42 knapsacks and on a case study motivated by a shelf space allocation problem. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach consistently produces high-quality solutions.
A Framework to Support the Sharing and Re-Use of Computable Phenotype Definitions
Across Health Care Delivery and Clinical Research Applications
Authors: Richesson Rachel , Smerek Michelle , Cameron C. Blake
Published: July 2016

Introduction: The ability to reproducibly identify clinically equivalent patient
populations is critical to the vision of learning health care systems that implement and
evaluate evidence-based treatments. The use of common or semantically equivalent
phenotype definitions across research and health care use cases will support this aim.
Currently, there is no single consolidated repository for computable phenotype
definitions, making it difficult to find all definitions that already exist, and also
hindering the sharing of definitions between user groups.Method: Drawing from our
experience in an academic medical center that supports a number of multisite research
projects and quality improvement studies, we articulate a framework that will support
the sharing of phenotype definitions across research and health care use cases, and
highlight gaps and areas that need attention and collaborative solutions.Framework: An
infrastructure for re-using computable phenotype definitions and sharing experience
across health care delivery and clinical research applications includes: access to a
collection of existing phenotype definitions, information to evaluate their
appropriateness for particular applications, a knowledge base of implementation
guidance, supporting tools that are user-friendly and intuitive, and a willingness to
use them.Next Steps: We encourage prospective researchers and health administrators to
re-use existing EHR-based condition definitions where appropriate and share their
results with others to support a national culture of learning health care. There are a
number of federally funded resources to support these activities, and research sponsors
should encourage their use.
Fashion opinion leadership, innovativeness and attitude toward advertising among Portuguese consumers
Authors: Ribeiro Cardoso Paulo , Teixeira Sandrina , Santos Ana Luísa
Published: July 2016

In the context of the fashion market, this study aims to analyze opinion leadership and, specifically, to verify the correlation that may exist between opinion leadership, fashion innovativeness and attitude towards fashion advertising. It is also intended to identify two different consumer groups: opinion leaders and fashion followers based on “opinion leadership” construct. Data collection was done through a self-administered questionnaire with a convenience sample of 203 graduate and postgraduate students of two universities of Porto, the second major city of Portugal. Results show a positive correlation between fashion innovativeness, fashion opinion leadership, and attitude towards fashion advertising. It was possible to identify two groups of consumers: fashion influencers, who exhibit a moderate sense of innovativeness and a positive attitude towards fashion advertising; and fashion followers who don’t consider themselves neither innovators nor opinion leaders, but have a moderate positive attitude towards fashion advertising.
Destellos en el túnel: la apertura informativa en la época de NOU según los protagonistas
Authors: López-Olano Carlos
Published: July 2016

Canal 9 –o Nou, como se llamó en su última etapa– con su carácter ejemplarizante para el resto de autonómicas, se convierte en el objeto de estudio perfecto para los investigadores en comunicación. El trabajo se centra en la última etapa de RTVV, bajo la influencia de una nuevo estatuto legal, que dotaba a la televisión de herramientas presuntamente facilitadoras de la pluralidad en los informativos. Mediante un análisis cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a un panel de expertos, intentamos averiguar si se produjo en ese tiempo un cambio apreciable en la redacción de Canal 9, combinado con un cambio de talante en la gestión de la empresa. La conclusión, con los matices que desarrollamos en el texto, es que sí que se produjo una apertura en esa fase, que desgraciadamente fue abortada por el cierre precipitado. La eliminación de la emisora autonómica provocó un efecto destructivo en cadena en el sistema audiovisual valenciano que aún no se ha superado.
Novas Fronteiras entre as Telenovelas Exibidas nos Estados Unidos e a Comunicação Publicitária
Authors: Oliveira Santana Dhione , Marques Carriço Ferreira Raquel
Published: July 2016

A Soap Opera é um produto típico da América Latina, e está presente acentuadamente na cultura hispânica nos Estados Unidos. O classificações sucesso das novelas no canais hispânicos nos Estados Unidos também reflete a atração de investimentos da publicidade televisiva nos esses produtos, e algumas ações de anúncios estão ocorrendo em formas nunca antes experimentado. Neste contexto, o presente pesquisa tem como objetivo refletir sobre as novas possibilidades de promoção e consumo com as parcelas de sabão óperas na América Latina, através principalmente de direta e fontes indiretas de documentação.
La evaluación de los aprendizajes en los sMOOC. Estudio de caso en el Proyecto Europeo ECO
Authors: Camarero Cano Lucía , Cantillo Valero Carmen
Published: July 2016

El siguiente artículo hace una reflexión crítica sobre los MOOC, prestando especial atención al análisis de los nuevos sistemas de evaluación; en concreto, el método peer to peer, y cómo esto afecta al rol de docentes y estudiantes. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo tomando como referencia dos sMOOC liderados por el Proyecto Europeo ECO (Elearning, Communication and Open-data: Massive Mobile, Ubiquitous and Open Learning). Los resultados que se presentan han sido analizados desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, utilizando como muestra a los miembros de la comunidad de aprendizaje que han participado en ambos cursos. A través de la utilización de un cuestionario se ha podido conocer cómo han valorado su experiencia formativa y su grado de satisfacción. La mitad de los sujetos encuestados ha considerado adecuado y justo el nuevo sistema evaluativo, sin embargo existe otra mitad que lo considera injusto y que tiene lagunas. Se ha abordado la evaluación como una parte intrínseca del proceso educativo y por ello se ha enfatizado en aspectos como el empoderamiento del alumnado, la cultura de la participación y la interacción social, conceptos que nos acercan a nuevos modelos de aprendizaje que potencian el intelecto colectivo y dejan atrás sistemas transmisivos de conocimiento.
MOOC: transitando caminos educomunicativos hacia el conocimiento democratizado, abierto y común
Authors: Osuna-Acedo Sara , Escaño-González Carlos
Published: July 2016

Puede parecer una obviedad que la idea de educación, para desarrollarse plenamente en la práctica, pase por potenciar y poner en marcha relaciones comunicativas democráticas y colaborativas. Si analizamos lo que sucede en la institución educativa, estudiando los enfoques practicados y la estructura organizativa no sólo del currículum, sino de la propia organización institucional, sea en el nivel de enseñanza que sea —a excepción probablemente de las maneras pedagógicas implementadas en la Educación Infantil—, todo contradice tal obviedad sobre los modos democráticos y colaborativos de la acción educacional que se desarrollan en esa superestructura oficial educativa, la cual desde hace ya bastante tiempo necesita un ejercicio de reflexión —amplio, profundo y a través de una extensa red de participantes de la comunidad educativa— que dé paso a un cambio no sólo en las formas pedagógicas, sino que provoque un giro de perspectiva y enfoque, que en cierto sentido están siendo experimentadas y reclamadas desde la praxis.
Personas mayores y sus experiencias frente al cambio tecnológico en Murcia Capital: Estudio desde la perspectiva de género
Authors: Álvarez-Arámbula Erika Guadalupe
Published: July 2016

Este estudio forma parte de la tesis doctoral presentada en 2014. Es de tipo cualitativo y tiene como base la Teoría de las expectativas de Eficacia (Bandura, 1977) que pretende hacer un acercamiento sobre cómo las personas mayores se enfrentan al cambio tecnológico en Murcia Capital. Los objetivos del mismo indagan sobre las dificultades, miedos, frustraciones o motivaciones que estas personas experimentan al hacer uso de la tecnología. Con base en sus experiencias, hombres y mujeres mayores, hablan sobre cómo se enfrentaron al cambio tecnológico en el ámbito del hogar y del trabajo. Y de cómo esto afecta o contribuye en su desempeño en el trabajo, de la dificultad que representa hacer uso de la tecnología cuando nadie puede auxiliarlos/as o de la motivación que tienen debido al logro de diferentes actividades en línea realizadas con éxito. El estudio aporta una nueva visión al identificar diferencias y similitudes entre hombres y mujeres mayores cuando hacen uso de Internet y sus aplicaciones.
A ADOÇÃO DOS PARÂMETROS DA OCDE PARA A REGULAMENTAÇÃO DO LOBBY NO BRASIL
Authors: Pereira Rodrigues Ricardo José
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo analisa as dificuldades de se regulamentar a atividade do lobby no contexto de democracias pluralistas e relata experiências internacionais, sobretudo dos Estados Unidos, com leis destinadas a normatizar as atividades de grupos de interesse e de lobistas. A partir da investigação de experiências internacionais, o artigo explora os princípios e os parâmetros que devem nortear a elaboração de normas para se regulamentar o lobby e aponta as limitações inerentes a esse tipo de regulamentação. O trabalho recorre metodologicamente à análise documental e à pesquisa bibliográfica para concluir que os parâmetros da transparência, da integridade e da eficácia são fundamentais para dar viabilidade à regulamentação do lobby.
INFLUÊNCIAS PÓS-POSITIVISTAS AO NOVO DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL E O FENÔMENO DA CONSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO
Authors: José Piassa Felipe , Smolarek Dias Bruno
Published: July 2016

O objetivo do presente trabalho é abordar, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, as transformações históricas que levaram a mudança dos paradigmas do Direito, o que resultou no surgimento de um novo Direito Constitucional, importando em uma nova hermenêutica constitucional e impondo força normativa à Constituição. Como consequência desse processo, verificamos o surgimento do fenômeno denominado constitucionalização do Direito e da efetividade do direito constitucional, aquele correspondente a uma irradiação de valores abrigados nos princípios e regras da Constituição por todo o ordenamento jurídico, resultando na aplicação direta da Lei Maior e na interpretação das normas infraconstitucionais conforme a Carta Fundamental. Concluímos que o Direito, a fim de acompanhar as mutações das relações sociais e pessoais, exige mudanças que não conseguem ser acompanhadas com a edição de leis e decretos, tornando fundamental o papel do Poder Judiciário na interpretação constitucional e das demais normas sob a luz da Constituição Federal, com vistas a assegurar a melhor prestação jurisdicional e, principalmente, a dignidade da pessoa humana e os direitos fundamentais.
UMA REFLEXÃO FILOSÓFICA DA ÉTICA E DO DIREITO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM MEIO AMBIENTE SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Grazziotin Lopes Manuela
Published: July 2016

Objetiva-se com o presente artigo fazer uma análise, com base na ética, da atual sociedade, tendo em vista as questões de direito e a sustentabilidade do planeta. Os questionamentos filosóficos apresentam-se como ferramenta para assegurar um olhar crítico e investigativo no que diz respeito às diferenças, nas mais diversas esferas que envolvem a inserção do homem na sociedade e sua relação com a preservação do planeta. Deste modo, a proposta é demonstrar a real importância dos questionamentos éticos e sua importante relação nas questões de direito e sustentabilidade.
AMPLIFICAÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE PROVA COMO COROLÁRIO AO PRINCÍPIO DO CONTRADITÓRIO: REVISITANDO A SÚMULA Nº 7 DO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA
Authors: Gaioski Pagani Vitor Augusto , Bellotto Caio Cezar
Published: July 2016

Através do presente trabalho, busca-se fomentar a discussão acerca dos limites do conceito de prova, e sua consequente classificação como matéria de ordem processual, principalmente tido como matéria apta a gerar incomensuráveis efeitos no princípio do contraditório. Em vista desta substancial alteração havida no decorrer da instrução processual, motivo este que, seguramente, acabará por trazer uma modificação no entendimento da Súmula nº 7, do Superior de Tribunal de Justiça, passa-se a uma rápida análise sobre a jurisprudência formadora desta súmula e a distinção entre regras de instrução e regras de julgamento. De igual forma, será demonstrado que, mesmo a despeito de, em um primeiro momento, toda a questão relativa a prova seja afastada da análise do Recurso Extraordinário, algumas vezes não está-se diante de fatos, mas, sim, da qualificação jurídica dos fatos.
AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE EDUCAÇÃO JURÍDICA E PODER: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DO PENSAMENTO DE ROUSSEAU E RANCIÉRE
Authors: Tusset Igor Rocha , Fortes Larissa Borges
Published: July 2016

Historicamente, as faculdades de Direito são responsáveis pela formação de boa parte dos ocupantes dos poderes de Estado e exerceram grande influência na formação da sociedade brasileira. A educação jurídica é submetida, desde sua origem, à regulação pelo próprio Estado. Nos últimos anos ocorreram mudanças significativas nas estruturas dos cursos, todavia, muitas relações de sala de aula se apresentam como relações de poder. Demanda-se analisar, a partir da perspectiva da Educação, como esta pode contribuir para a emancipação intelectual dos estudantes, de forma a representar uma evolução na atuação destes enquanto futuros agentes de Estado, em uma prática cada vez mais aproximada do ideal democrático.
DIREITOS HUMANOS: O PROBLEMA DO CONTEXTO
Authors: Grubba Leilane Serratine , De Aquino Sérgio Fernandes
Published: July 2016

O artigo tem por objeto os direitos humanos e objetiva analisar os direitos humanos de maneira contextual e complexa. Por meio do método dedutivo, o artigo problematiza a concepção hegemônica, ocidental e contemporânea dos direitos humanos e analisa a teoria da reinvenção dos direitos humanos, criada pelo jusfilósofo espanhol Joaquín Herrera Flores, por meio da qual a dignidade humana deve ser analisada contextualmente e materialmente. Os direitos, para a teoria da reinvenção, não possuem uma delimitação conceitual pronta, mas são sempre considerados os anseios concretos das pessoas pelos bens materiais e imateriais que perfazem uma vida digna. Por fim, o artigo compreendeu que o ser humano não tem necessidade de direitos em si considerados, normativamente, mas que necessita, acima de tudo, é de dignidade: de uma vida digna na qual possa acender a satisfação dos bens materiais e imateriais, bem como lutar pela satisfação de seus desejos e necessidades.
Resonance in the perturbations of a synchronous satellite due to angular rate of the earth-moon system around the sun and the earthâ€™s rotation rate
Authors: Yadav Sushil , Aggarwal Rajiv , Kaur Bhavneet
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates resonances in the perturbations of a synchronous satellite including its latitude, angular rate of the earth-moon system around the sun and the earthâ€™s rotation rate about its axis. This is found that resonances occur due to the commensurability between (i) angular velocity of the satellite and angular rate of earthâ€™s rotation about its axis and (ii) angular rate of the earth-moon system around the sun and angular rate of the rotation of the earth. Amplitude and time-period of the oscillation at the resonance points are determined using the procedure of Brown and Shook [3]. Effect of Â (orbital angle of the mass-centre of the earth-moon system around the sun) on amplitude and time period is also analyzed. It is found that for increasing the values of Â from to Â amplitude decreases and time period also decreases. Effect of time on the latitude of the satellite including earth oblateness is also studied. It is seen that for increasing the value of , there is a small change in ,Â  the latitude of the synchronous satellite.
Evaluating the impact of depression screening in general hospitals: a pilot study of patient reported outcomes of quality of life, functioning, and psychiatric symptom severity
Authors: IsHak Waguih , Lopez Enrique , Steiner Alexander , Kharazi Payam , Cedillo Paula , Nimmer Marcia , Bellete Nardos , Benji Ariella , Berberyan Robert , Smith Kimberly , Naghdechi Lancer , Yahia Jaffer Karim , Parisi Linda , BurnesBolton Linda , Danovitch Itai
Published: July 2016

Background: Depression is common among patients with medical co-morbidities and has an adverse impact on wide ranging health outcomes. Depression is particularly prevalent in general hospital settings, where it has been linked to worse course of illness and higher rates of hospital readmission. While depression screening has been established as a best practice in outpatient settings, far less is known about the utility of screening for depression in inpatient medical settings.Aims: To determine whether screening for depression in a tertiary care medical hospital produces reliable and valid results. To identify obstacles and success factors that impact utility of depression screening. To evaluate the relationship between depression screening scores and patient-centered outcomes such as: functioning and quality of life.Method: Participants were 30 patients who were admitted to a tertiary care medical hospital, had a depression screening assessment completed by nursing on admission, and for whom a psychiatry consultation was requested. Patient responses to several measures were recorded and compared to PHQ screening on admission.Results: Depressed patients had significantly worse scores compared to non-depressed patients on the PHQ, WHO-5, PROMIS scores (global health, global mental health, physical functioning, anxiety, and fatigue), and Charleston Comorbidity Index (all p values < .05). Correlational analyses provided the strength of the relationships for each measures test-retest reliability.Conclusions: Findings support the clinical utility of screening for depression during inpatient hospital admissions. Assessing QOL, functioning, and psychiatric symptoms can help identify risk factors negatively influencing treatment outcomes.
PADRONIZAÇÃO DE EXCIPIENTES PARA MANIPULAÇÃO DE CÁPSULAS GELATINOSAS DURAS CONTENDO EXTRATO SECO DE VALERIANA (Valeriana officinalis), PRODUZIDAS NO PROJETO FARMÁCIA VIVA EM SOBRAL-CE
Authors: Costa Antônio Neudimar Bastos , Vasconcelos Thalles Yuri Loiola , Melo Tiago Sousa de , Lima Patrícia Rodrigues Sousa , Costa Renata Albuquerque , Nascimento Aristides Ávilo do
Published: July 2016

O Projeto Farmácia Viva é o primeiro projeto de assistência social farmacêutica desenvolvido no Brasil baseado no emprego científico de plantas medicinais. Dentre as formulações padronizadas a partir de cápsulas gelatinosas duras, destacam-se as cápsulas contendo Extrato Seco de Valeriana. Para manipulação dessas cápsulas, é necessária uma quantidade adicional de excipientes, que possuem papel importante na qualidade, segurança e no desempenho do medicamento. O objetivo deste estudo é padronizar excipientes para formulação fitoterápica em cápsulas manipuladas no Projeto Farmácia Viva. A metodologia seguida foi por meio de análise bibliográfica sobre os variados excipientes e fitoterápicos e análise de bulas de medicamentos para posterior sugestão de padronização. Foram manipuladas 30 cápsulas e submetidas ao controle da qualidade, onde foram avaliados o peso médio, limite de variação, coeficiente de variação, desvio padrão e variação do conteúdo teórico das cápsulas. A formulação de Valeriana proposta teve como excipientes escolhidos o estearato de magnésio (0,5 %) como lubrificante, o dióxido de silício coloidal (1,0 %) como deslizante, o talco farmacêutico (1,0 %) como adsorvente, o amido farmacêutico (73,0 %) como um diluente hidrofóbico, lactose monohidratada (24,5 %) como um diluente hidrofílico. Todos os resultados do controle da qualidade obtidos atenderam as especificações farmacopeicas.