bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FILTRAÇÃO LENTA: MAPEAMENTO SISTEMÁTICO DE TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Lima A. J. , Santos D. G. , Michelan D. C. G. S. , Mendonça L. C.
Published: June 2019

As primeiras estações de tratamento de água eram constituídas de filtros lentos. A ação de peneiramento juntamente com mecanismos físico-químicos e destacadamente biológicos dotavam este sistema de grande eficiência no tratamento de água, principalmente no que se refere a microrganismos patogênicos. Entretanto, este processo vem sendo substituído por técnicas mais complexas e, em muitos casos, mais caras. Isto se deve em parte pela redução da qualidade da água dos mananciais abastecedores e parte pelo desconhecimento das possibilidades e soluções técnicas para filtração lenta. Dada a situação supracitada, esta pesquisa realizou um mapeamento sistemático da literatura pela busca por teses e dissertações apresentadas aos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros, adotando procedimentos padronizados para este tipo de revisão. O mapeamento sistemático resultou em 29 trabalhos alinhados ao tema de pesquisa, que constituíram o Portifólio Bibliográfico da pesquisa, de maneira que sua análise permitiu, dentre outros: avaliar as publicações por período, instituições que mais estudam o tema, professores envolvidos e suas relações, conhecer os programas potencialmente detentores de trabalhos sobre o tema e ratificar a eficiência dos termos “filtração lenta” e “tratamento de água” na busca por trabalhos sobre filtros lentos.
Personalized anesthetic patches for dental applications
Authors: Ou Yi-Hsuan , Ou Yi-Hui , Gu Jing , Kang Lifeng
Published: June 2019

Topical anesthetics are widely used in dental procedures. However, most commercially available medications are in the form of liquid or semisolid, which cannot provide prolonged effect intraorally. To address this issue, we proposed the use of three-dimensional printing (3DP) to fabricate a customizable dental anesthetic patch loaded with lidocaine that can be fitted perfectly onto the affected tooth. It has been shown that that patch can adhere on the tooth for more than 1 h, while releasing lidocaine from the patch made of hydrogels. In addition, the results illustrated the possibility of controlling the drug release profile by altering the shape of the patch, as well the use of a 3DP tooth model as the drug testing platform. Taken together, these data further reinforce the vast potential of the application of 3DP technology in personalized medicine.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER FOR DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES OF CORRUGATED TUBES IN A DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: BAYAREH Morteza
Published: June 2019

In the present study,
effect of different geometries of inner and outer tube surfaces on heat
transfer of a double pipe heat exchanger is studied. Water-CuO nanofluid, that
is assumed to be a single phase, flows in the outer tube. Two-equation standard
κ-ε turbulence model is used to model the turbulent flow.
Simulations are done for different cases include convex, concave and smooth
surfaces for inner and outer tubes at different Reynolds numbers. Results show
that the maximum heat transfer corresponds to the convex-concave case in
comparison with the smooth-smooth one. Heat transfer rate increases with the
Reynolds number, but the slope of the increase for nanofluid is lesser than
that for the pure fluid. It is demonstrated that the friction factor decreases
with the Reynolds number, so the pressure drop decreases as the Reynolds number
increases. Also, the simulations are done for two other nanofluids, water-ZnO
oxide and water-Si

 dioxide with a volume fraction of
3%. It is found that water-CuO nanofluid flow leads to more heat transfer rate
in a double pipe heat exchanger in comparison with the other nanofluids.
Found through Translation: Female Translators and the Construction of ‘Relational Authority’ in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Republic
Authors: Van Deinsen Lieke , Vanacker Beatrijs
Published: June 2019

‘It is a pity that not someone like Christina Leonora de Neufville found the time to take on that work’, translator and author Elizabeth Wolff stated when she set eyes on one of the Dutch translations of Voltaire’s Mahomet (1741) in October 1770. Wolff’s comments on these translations provide fascinating insights into some of the underlying dynamics of the eighteenth-century Dutch literary marketplace, where translations made up an important part of the literary production. As recent studies in the field of translation studies have stressed, early modern translations seldom proved to be straightforward renditions of the original but provided eager and upcoming authors to make their claim to literary fame as the translator of more renowned authors. Translating in particular turned out to be a unique opportunity for many early modern European women writers, who often still struggled to establish their names. The case of the Dutch Republic, with its advanced print culture and strongly internationally oriented book market, however, remains hitherto understudied.This article examines the role translation played in the careers of three Dutch women writers by showing how they used their role as translators to establish and renegotiate their name and (literary) authority, often by interacting directly with the reputation of the translated author. We will use the concept of ‘relational authority’ to address the ways in which Wolff herself, as well as fellow authors Christina Leonora de Neufville and Margaretha Cambon-Van der Werken, used translation as a textual platform to convey their intellectual posture and voice. Our analysis will focus specifically on both the textual and visual dimension of their public image-building by considering how ‘relational’ representations appear in paratexts and portraits respectively.
From Guild to Society: The Foundation of Confrerie Pictura in The Hague Revisited
Authors: Bakker Piet
Published: June 2019

The foundation of the Confrerie Pictura (an artistic brotherhood) in The Hague has given rise to controversy on several occasions. In the eighteenth century, for example, Johan van Gool was annoyed by Houbraken, who believed that the artist painters of The Hague had founded their Confrerie in 1662, while it was abundantly clear to Van Gool that the correct date was 1656. Nowadays the question under discussion is the nature of the Confrerie as an organisation. Was it the first step towards an eighteenth-century society, as Hoogewerff suggested in his authoritative book on the Dutch St Luke’s guilds, or was the new organisation more like a guild, as later argued by Hoogewerff’s most important critic Hessel Miedema? Based on archival records, this article maps out the early history and establishment of the Confrerie in order to determine what kind of organisation it had been between 1656 and 1700. This article argues that all four authors are right: the Confrerie was both a guild and a society, and however paradoxical it may sound, it was founded in 1656 and again in 1662.
Kinetics Evaluation of IgM and IgG Levels in the Mice Infect-ed with Trichinella spiralis Experimentally Using ES Antigens from Different Developmental Stages of the Parasite
Authors: ZHAI Cheng-Cheng , SUN Zhao-Jin , LIU Ming-Yuan , LIU Xiao-Lei , BAI Xue , WANG Xue-Lin , WU Xiu-Ping , CHEN Jia-Xu
Published: June 2019

Background: To assay the Trichinella-specific IgM and IgG antibody responses during the early stage of infection, serum was collected from mice infected with the muscle larvae (ML) of T. spiralis (ISS534) at different dpi (days post infection) up to 60 days.
Methods: The levels of IgM and IgG antibodies in serum were measured by ES antigens from different stage of T. spiralis using the ELISA method in Shanghai, China in 2017.
Results: The anti-Trichinella IgM and IgG could be detected by ES antigens from the adult three days worm (Ad3) as early as 5 dpi and 8 dpi, respectively. ES antigens from the mixture of adult six days worm & new born larvae (Ad6+NBL) was similar to Ad3. When antibodies were detected by these two antigens, the levels of IgM peaked at 14 dpi and then declined from 15 dpi to 60 dpi; the IgG peaked at 20 dpi, and gradually declined, however, higher detection levels were maintained until 60 dpi.
Conclusion: Ad3 ES antigens showed more antigenicity than Ad6+NBL ES on titer detection of IgM and IgG antibodies, and the production of Ad3 ES is easier. In terms of early diagnosis, these two antigens are better than the ML ES antigens of T. spiralis, which antibodies could not be detected before 20dpi. Ad3 ES antigens might be good candidate for the early diagnosis of trichinellosis or the mixture of Ad3 and Ad6+NBL ES might be used.
Effect of Nitazoxanide, Artesunate Loaded Polymeric Nano Fiber and Their Combination on Experimental Cryptosporidi-osis
Authors: ABDELHAMED Enas Fakhry , Magdy FAWZY Eman , AHMED Said Mahmoud , Sayed ZALAT Rabab , Elsaid RASHED Hayam
Published: June 2019

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is a dangerous intestinal pathogen due to its devastating effect on immunocompromised individuals. Considering low efficacy, high toxicity in addition to the development of resistance for the drugs used, this study aimed to find a new alternative treatment having the advantage of lower doses and minimal toxicity. We used a novel combination between artesunate loaded polymeric nanofiber (ALPN) and nanazoxide that had not been tried yet.
Methods: Sixty Swiss Albino mice aged 6–7 wk, weighting 20-24 gm were used in Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI) Cairo, Egypt in 2017. C. parvum oocysts collected from patients were identified by polymerase chain reaction to be used for infecting animals. The effect of combination between ALPN and nana-zoxide were assessed by oocyst count in stool of experimental animals using modified Ziehl- Neelsen stain and histopathological changes in intestinal tissue. Antioxidant activity of nanofiber-loaded artesunate was estimated in serum, renal, hepatic and intestinal tissues by demonstrating the reactive oxygen species and the total antioxidant capacity. It was confirmed by detection of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) antibody.
Results: The novel combination between ALPN and nanazoxidehas a harmonizing effect in reducing oocyst shedding (94.4%), the mean value of the antioxidant levels in liver, intestine, kidney, and serum were the highest level (10.15, 22.4, 6.22, 14.08 respectively) resulting in the decrease of oxidative stress in tissues. Marked improvement of histopathological features was obtained.
Conclusion: This combination has a promising therapeutic effect against cryptosporidiosis particularly in immunocompromised individuals considering minor toxicity.
Prevalence and Genotyping of Trichomonas vaginalis Infected to dsRNA Virus by PCR–Restriction Fragment Length Poly-morphism (RFLP)
Authors: ORUJZADEH Fariba , TABATABAIE Fatemeh , KHANALIHA Khadijeh , AKHLAGHI Lame , BOKHARAEI-SALIM Farah , FALLAH Soudabeh , ESTEGHAMATI Abdoulreza , MASOUMI-ASL Hossein
Published: June 2019

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection cause trichomoniasis. In this study prevalence and genotype of Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis infected (dsRNA) viruses were evaluated by PCR-RFLP and obtained patterns were then confirmed by sequence analysis and genotype of these Iranian isolates confirmed again.
Methods: Ten strains of T.vaginalis were collected from 1700 vaginal samples of women referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran during Feb 2016 to Jul 2017, evaluated in points of infection to T. vaginalis Virus (TVV-1) were used in a PCR-RFLP. All of ten isolates of T. vaginalis were examined by designed nested PCR for actin gene and then digestion patterns of three endonuclease enzymes of HindII, MseI and RsaI were evaluated and genotype of these isolates was defined.
Results: By combination of fragments pattern of three enzymes of HindII, RsaI and MseI, three genotypes were found; six genotypes E, two genotypes G and two genotypes I. The most dominant genotypes were genotype E. Among four TVV infected isolates two genotype E, one genotype G and one genotype I were found, however among six uninfected T. vaginalis isolates to TVV-1, all of three genotypes were also found.
Conclusion: Three genotypes E, G and I in T. vaginalis infected with dsRNA isolates were found, however, these three genotypes in T. vaginalis without virus were also observed. Further study is needed to evaluate genotypes of T. vaginalis, which infected virus in more great T. vaginalis population
Evaluation of Three Different Laboratory Methods for Identifi-cation of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PCP) among HIV Positive Asymptomatic Prisoners
Authors: AZIMI Shohreh , SABOKBAR Azar , BAIRAMI Amir , GHARAVI Mohammad Javad
Published: June 2019

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) remains a leading cause of mortality among HIV-infected patients. The aim of study was to find out P. jirovecii in versatile group of HIV-positive patients prisoners.
Methods: Overall, 102 HIV positive patients from Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj, Iran from October 2016 to March 2017 without any respiratory symptoms were selected with different medication histories against HIV and PCP. Microscopic and molecular (qualitative real-time PCR) examination were applied on sputum specimens and serological investigation (β-D-glucan assay for fungal diseases) carried out on patient’s sera.
Results: Only 3 and 1 patients were positive for PCP by microscopic and molecular testing, respectively. Twenty-four (23.5%) and 78 (76.5%) out of 102 patients were seropositive and seronegative for fungi disease, respectively. Seropositive patients were older than seronegative subjects (P<0.001). Most of seropositive individuals showed less mean value of CD4 counts compared to seronegative group (P<0.001). Of 54 patients who were under HIV therapy, 13 were seropositive compared to 11 out of 24 seropositives who were no adhere to treatment (P<0.001). In terms of prophylactic antibiotic therapy against PCP, of 24 patients who received prophylaxis, 3 (12.5%) and 21 (87.5%) were seropositive and seronegative, respectively (P<0.001). On the contrary, among 78 patients who did not receive prophylaxis, 21 (27%) and 57 (73%) belonged to seropositive and seronegative patients, respectively (P<0.001).
Conclusion: There was no strong evidence for PCP infection/disease among symptomless, HIV positive patients. According to their mean CD4 counts, the hypothesis for being negative in a majority of applied tests would be the absence of severe immunosuppression in the patients.
First Molecular Survey on Anaplasma phagocytophilum Re-vealed High Prevalence in Rural Dogs from Khuzestan Prov-ince, Iran
Authors: HAMIDINEJAT Hossein , BAHRAMI Somayeh , MOSALANEJAD Bahman , PAHLAVAN Sharareh
Published: June 2019

Background: Anaplasmosis due to Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an important tick-borne zoonotic disease, which affects dogs, horses, cattle and human as well. This study aimed to probe the existence of this organism by means of molecular biology techniques for the first time in rural dogs of Khuzestan province, Southwestern Iran.
Methods: During Sep 2014 to Apr 2015 blood samples of 103 apparently healthy rural dogs (60 males) were collected for A. phagocytophilum detection by light microscopical examination of Giemsa stained slides and Nested PCR on a fragment of 16S rRNA gene.
Results: From the examined slides, 11.65% were positive for A. morulae while 57.28% of infection was revealed by Nested PCR method. There was no statistical difference between ages and sexes of dogs and infection in molecular survey of A. phagocytophilum.
Conclusion: Molecular prevalence of A. phagocytophilum was noticeably high. It may cause the incidence of disease in human population.
Attenuated Leishmania major Induce a High Level of Protec-tion against Leishmania infantum in BALB/c Mice
Authors: NOORPISHEH GHADIMI Shamsi , HOMAYOON Leila , SHAHRIARIRAD Reza , FATEHPOUR Shakila , RASTEGARIAN Mohammad , SARKARI Bahador
Published: June 2019

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the possible cross-protective effects of attenuated L. major against L. infantum in BALB/c mice.
Methods: This experimental study was performed in 2017 in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. The attenuated strain of L. major was prepared by continuous weekly subculturing of the parasite. Forty-eight female BALB/c mice were divided into eight groups. Group 1 injected (ID) with wild type of L. major; group 2 injected (IV) with L. infantum; group 3 injected (ID) with attenuated L. major; group 4 injected (ID) with attenuated L. major, and after three weeks challenged (IV) with L. infantum; group 5 injected (IP) with attenuated L. major; group 6 injected (IP) with attenuated L. major, and challenged (IV) with L. infantum (IV); group 7 injected (IV) with attenuated L. major; and finally group 8 injected (IV) with attenuated L. major and after three weeks challenged (IV) with L. infantum. Forty-five days post-infection, the parasite load in the spleen and liver of the mice was determined as Leishman-Donovan units (LDU).
Results: The differences in mean of LDU of spleen between different groups were statistically significant (P<0.048). In addition, the differences in percent of infection in liver between pairwise comparisons of groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The highest intensity of infection was observed in group 2 while low intensity of infection was seen in groups 3, 4 and 5.
Conclusion: Live attenuated L. major can induce substantial protection against L. infantum, particularly when the parasites were injected intravenously.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Mental Retardation Center of Bandar Abbas, Southern Iran
Authors: MOHAMMADI-MESKIN Vahedeh , HAMEDI Yaghoob , HEYDARI-HENGAMI Mehrgan , EFTEKHAR Ebrahim , SHAMSEDDIN Jebreil , SHARIFI-SARASIABI Khojasteh
Published: June 2019

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among mentally retarded individuals and the staff of the center in Bandar Abbas, south of Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in central institution for mentally retarded in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province, from 2016 to 2017. A triple fecal specimen was collected from each one of the 163 participants and were evaluated using wet mount and formalin-ethyl acetate methods. Trichrome and Ziehl-Neelsen staining were used to confirm suspected cases of protozoa. As well as Baermann and Harada-Mori techniques and agar plate culture were implemented to diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis.
Results: Overall, 163 subjects were examined including 126 mentally retarded individuals and 37 personnel. Ninety (55.2%) cases of participants were infected with at least one of the intestinal parasites, 69 (54.7%) of mentally retarded and 21 (56.7%) of personnel. Twenty-six mentally retarded individuals were infected with S. stercoralis (20.6%), Blastocystis hominis 30.2%, Entamoeba coli 25.4%, Giardia lamblia 5.6%, Enterobius vermicularis 1.6%, Hymenolepis nana 0.8% and Iodamoeba butschlii 1.6%. Twelve staff (32.4%) harbored B. hominis, E. coli 27%, S. stercoralis 2.7%, G. lamblia 10.8%, H. nana 2.7% and Endolimax nana 2.7%.
Conclusion: High rate of intestinal parasites particularly, S. stercoralis compared to the most recent studies of general population. Therefore, regular screening and tracking the positive cases, disinfection of the living environment, training and financing of the staff, increasing the number of the workers, recruiting of professionals and trained personnel in these centers are suggested.
Detection of Chilomastix mesnili in Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and Treatment with Metronidazole
Authors: JEONG Eui-Suk , PARK Jong-Hyung , RYU Seung-Hyun , CHOI Soo-Young , LEE Kyoung-Sun , KIM Jong-Man , HYUN Byung-Hwa , CHOI Yang-Kyu
Published: June 2019

Background: Recently, the use of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has increased in biomedical research as an animal model. This study aimed to test fecal samples to monitor bacterial and parasite infections in common marmoset at the Laboratory Animal Center of Osong Medical Innovation Foundation in Korea.
Methods: To monitor bacteria and parasites in common marmoset, we tested 43 fecal samples of 43 common marmosets by culture and parasitological test in 2014. Infection by Chilomastix mesnili was determined by PCR method.
Results: We identified nonpathogenic bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli in feces of normal common marmosets. Interestingly, C. mesnili was isolated from a healthy common marmoset by fecal centrifugation concentration and PCR. The monkey infected with C. mesnili was treated with metronidazole. After the treatment, C. mesnili were not found in feces using fecal centrifugation concentration and PCR.
Conclusion: This is the first case report of C. mesnili infection in common marmoset. Treatment with metronidazole is found to be highly effective in eradicating C. mesnili infection in common marmoset.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Cattle of Sistan Areas, Southeastern Iran in 2016
Authors: NOORI Marzieh , RASEKH Mehdi , GANJALI Maryam , NOUROLLAHI FARD Saeid Reza
Published: June 2019

Background: Neospora caninum is protozoan parasitic disease now described as the major cause of abortion and other reproductive issues. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum in cattle breeds of the Sistan region, southeastern border area of Iran.
Methods: Using an ELISA kit (ID.VET, France), the antibodies against N. caninum in cattle of Sistan was evaluated in 2016. Overall, 184 blood samples from apparently healthy cattle in the eastern border area of Iran Sistan were collected for assessment of antibodies against N. caninum. The values greater than or equal to 50%, were considered positive based on manufacture’s manual for ELASA kit.
Results: 3.8% of 184 cattle have antibody against N. caninum. Chi-square test showed that the seroprevalence among Holsteins, Sistan and cross-breed was 9.4%, 0%, and 4.3%, respectively. No significant difference was observed among the breeds (P>0.05). The seroprevalence was decreased as the age of cow increased and there is no significant difference between the prevalence of N. caninum and different city area. No statistically significant relationship between the seroprevalence of N. caninum and history of abortion, lactation number and infertility was observed. Although there was no significant difference between the cattle breeds of the Sistan region all the Sistani cows were negative for the antibody against N. caninum.
Conclusion: Infection rate with N. caninum in bovine population in Sistan region is very low. Environmental and management factors are the major causes, which influence the regional prevalence.
Primary Urachal Hydatid Cyst in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: TARTAR Tugay , BAKAL Unal , SARAC Mehmet , AKDENIZ Ibrahim , KAZEZ Ahmet
Published: June 2019

The hydatid cyst (HC) is an endemic parasitic disease worldwide. Although the HC can locate in every part of a body, it rarely occurs over the abdominal wall. A 12-year-old female patient was brought to Department of Pediatric Surgery, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey in 2017. She had been suffering from abdominal pain for one week. A lump was determined underneath her skin in the suprapubic region. It was swollen, tense and movable. A cystic mass filling the midline was found in the radiological bladder superior. It was an anechoic cyst causing ondulation on the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. The sizes of the mass were measured approximately as 9x7 cm (mesentery cyst?). The cystic mass was occurred in the urachal area of the anterior abdominal wall, not in the abdomen. After the cyst was emptied with applying mini median incision below the umbilicus, we saw the germinative membrane inside the cyst. Diagnosis of the HC was confirmed with the pathologic evaluation. For the differential diagnosis of a pure cystic mass, which can locate in every part of a body, diagnosis of the HC should be considered.
Molecular Typing of Strongyloides stercoralis from an Iranian Patient
Authors: KALANTARI Narges , GORGANI-FIROUZJAEE Tahmineh , JAVANIAN Mostafa , GHAFFARI Salman
Published: June 2019

The article's abstract is no available.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Drug Ad-dicts in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: KHAN Wali , Iqbal KHAN Naveed , Faryal BUKHARI Sayed Nimra , BEGUM Nishad
Published: June 2019

The article's abstract is no available.
The Experience of Non-Stationary Flow Visualization Using the Hydrogen Bubble Method
Authors: Krivel S.M. , Bobarika I.O.
Published: June 2019

The study of the spectra of flow is carried out by experimental methods. The paper summarizes the authors’ experience in the design, construction and use of hydrodynamic installations for the visualization of liquid or gas flow using hydrogen bubbles obtained by electrolysis of water. The design of a vertical hydrodynamic pipe, the technology of making experimental models, the design and purpose of the main equipment are considered. Research methods and procedures are described. The article presents the results of the studies that make it possible to evaluate the capabilities of the experimental equipment and picture physical processes around the bodies that change the kinematic parameters of motion in the incident flow according to a given law. The proposed research methods and experimental equipment are distinguished by originality. They can be used to study the features of macrostructures around bodies of complex geometric shapes and laws of motion.
Effect of Bank Assets Securitization in Investment Flows: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Akhmedov Akbarali , Duskobilov Umidjon
Published: June 2019

In modern financial architecture, banks actively engage in financial market operations to ensure the stability and efficiency of their activities. The latest trends in banking sector highlight the active role commercial banks play by securing their assets in securitization practices. The lessons from the global financial crisis show that securitization is one of the main methods for securing the soundness of bank assets as an investment tool. This paper investigates the impact of bank assets securitization on investment flows in 30 advanced and transition economies by applying GMM method. The results proved that securitization of bank assets significantly stimulates the inflow of investments towards selected economies.
Customers’ Current Preferences in E-commerce and Possible Dominance of Social Media Marketplace in the Industry
Authors: Tchelidze Lasha
Published: June 2019

Technological advancement and internet development have significantly contributed to more comfortable and innovative services. The e-commerce industry has become tough and full of competition. Technologies and the internet reduce barriers of penetration into new markets. Social media, which is a vivid example of internet development, has already penetrated the e-commerce industry. However, the business environment is rapidly changing and requires constant analysis to anticipate prospective threats or opportunities. Therefore, this paper refers to the analysis of customers’ current preferences. Questionnaires were distributed to 83 participants to analyze preferences and to evaluate possible dominance of “Facebook Marketplace” in the e-commerce industry. According to the results, provision of high protection is overly required. Online sales network should act as an intermediary, in order to provide refund guarantees an official verification, which is not provided by ‘Facebook Marketplace”. The survey was conducted in a country were “Facebook Marketplace” was not available, and it was impossible to identify practical challenges of the marketplace.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol 90% terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) dan Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) Mencit Tikus yang Dipapar Asap Rokok
Authors: Prayitno Sutrisno Adi , Kusnadi Joni , Muritni Erni Sofia
Published: June 2019

Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals which cause human body organs damage when it is exposed. Cigarette smoke as a medium that causes oxidative stress that has the potential to cause oxidative damage. In addition, cigarette smoke also has potency to reduce SOD (Superoxide dismutase) levels and increase MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels especially in lung tissue. To control or prevent the presence of free radicals in the body, antioxidant compounds are needed by the body. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the extract of red betle on SOD and MDA content of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Red betle was extracted by maceration using ethanol. The exposed mice were treated with red betle extract for 14 days. Lung tissue of the mice was analyzed SOD and MDA conentrations. The results showed that SOD levels tend to increase and decrease MDA levels in mice test animals exposed to cigarette smoke. The optimal dose to decrease MDA levels and increase SOD is 230.4 mg/g weight/day. Histopatology result showed there is different figure of lung tissue (alveoli) before and after red betle extract treatment.
 

Asap rokok adalah sumber radikal bebas yang dapat mengakibatkan rusaknya organ dalam tubuh manusia apabila terpapar. Asap rokok sebagai media penyebab terjadinya stress oksidatif yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif. Selain itu, asap rokok juga berpotensi dalam menurukan kadar SOD  (Superoksida Dismutase) dan meningkatkan kadar MDA (Malondialdehida) terutama pada jaringan paru. Untuk mengendalikan atau mencegah adanya radikal bebas ke dalam tubuh maka senyawa antioksidan dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Tujuan penelitian adalah adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah terhadap kadar SOD dan MDA mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Daun sirih merah diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi. Mencit yang telah dipapar asap rokok diberi perlakuan ekstrak selama 14 hari. Jaringan paru-paru dianalisis kadar MDA dan SOD. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar SOD cenderung mengalami peningkatan dan kadar MDA mengalami penurunan pada hewan uji mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Dosis yang paling optimal untuk menurunkan kadar MDA dan menaikan SOD adalah dosis 230,4 mg/g bb/hari. Hasil histopatologi menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan gambaran jaringan paru-paru (alveoli) sebelum dan setelah perlakuan ekstrak.

 
Aktivitas Antimalaria Ekstrak Kasar Etanol dan Fraksi n-Heksana Rumput Bambu (Lophatherum gracile B.) secara in Vitro
Authors: Wulandari Ella , Yuliani Dewi , Hayati Elok Kamilah , Muti'ah Roihatul
Published: June 2019

Malaria is a disease caused by infectious parasite Plasmodium falciparum and can be transmitted through mosquito bite. The aim of this research was to study antimalarial activity in vitro on crude ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction of bamboo grass (Lophatherum gracile B.). Extraction was carried out by ethanol 80% solvent and fractionation was conducted by n-hexane. Determination of antimalarial activity was subjected to P. falciparum strain 3D7. According to phytochemical test, crude ethanol extract contained tannin and terpenoid, whilst n-hexane fraction contained tannin and steroid. The capability of crude ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction to inhibit P. falciparum was represented by IC50 value. The value of both samples respectively was 12.49 and 61.49 µg/mL. Identification based on LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), n-hexane fraction shown the presence of tannin and steroid compounds.

  

Malaria merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi parasit Plasmodium falciparum yang dapat ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimalaria secara in vitro pada ekstrak kasar etanol dan fraksi n-heksana rumput bambu (Lophatherum gracile B.). Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan pelarut etanol 80% dan fraksinasi dengan n-heksana. Uji aktivitas antimalaria dilakukan pada parasit P. falciparum strain 3D7. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol mengandung tanin dan terpenoid, sedangkan fraksi n-heksana mengandung tanin dan steroid. Kemampuan ekstrak etanol dan fraksi n-heksana dalam menghambat parasit P. falciparum menghasilkan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 12,49 dan 61,49 µg/mL. Identifikasi senyawa dengan KC-SM (kromatografi cair-spektrometri massa) pada fraksi n-heksana menunjukkan adanya senyawa tanin dan steroid.
Perbandingan Butiran Kitosan dengan Pengikat Silang Epiklorohidrin (ECH) dan Glutaraldehid (GLA): Karakterisasi dan Kemampuan Adsorpsi Timbal (Pb)
Authors: Madjid Armeida Dwi Ridhowati , Nitsae Merpiseldin , Sabarudin Akhmad
Published: June 2019

Chitosan was an abundantly available source but it has a drawback which unstable in acid or base. So, it must be added with a crosslinker. In this article, we would compare the using of 2 crosslinkers, glutaraldehyde (GLA) and epichlorohydrin (ECH). Chitosan was formed as bead using tripolyphosphate (TPP). Chitosan beads crosslinked with GLA became browny beads and chitosan beads crosslinked with ECH became pearly white. IR characterization showed peaks in 1640 and 1540 cm-1 represent phosphate contained TPP. There is no significant or unique peak differ GLA chitosan bead from ECH chitosan bead. Adsorption capacity of lead (Pb) in ECH chitosan bead was higher than in GLA chitosan bead. Morphology in SEM characterization exhibited a crinkle GLA chitosan bead then ECH chitosan bead.

 

Kitosan merupakan polimer alam dengan ketersediaan yang meruah tetapi memiliki kelemahan yaitu kurang stabil dalam asam maupun basa sehingga diperlukan pengikat silang. Dalam artikel ini akan dibandingkan dengan penggunaan 2 agen pengikatsilang yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu epiklorohidrin (ECH) dan glutaraldehid (GLA). Untuk pembuatan butiran kitosan digunakan tripolyphosphate (TPP). Setelah menjadi butiran kitosan diikatsilangkan dengan GLA menjadi butiran kitosan yang berwarna kecoklatan dan diikatsilangkan dengan ECH menjadi butiran kitosan bening. Karakterisasi spektrofotometri Infra Merah menunjukkan puncak pada daerah 1640 dan 1540 cm-1 yang merupakan serapan khas dari tripolyphospate sedangkan tidak nampak perbedaan puncak spektra yang signifikan dari butiran kitosan GLA maupun ECH. Kemampuan adsorpsi butiran logam timbal (Pb) butiran kitosan ECH lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan butiran kitosan GLA. Morfologi butiran kitosan dianalisis menggunakan Scanning Electron Morphology (SEM) dan menunjukkan bahwa morfologi untuk butiran GLA memiliki morfologi yang lebih berkerut jika dibandingkan dengan butiran ECH.
Variasi Diameter Kolom dan Rasio Sampel-Silika pada Isolasi Steroid dan Triterpenoid Alga Merah Eucheuma cottonii dengan Kromatografi Kolom Basah
Authors: Fasya Ahmad Ghanaim , Tyas Ariska Purwaning , Mubarokah Fitroh Annasaul , NIngsih Rachmawati , Madjid Armeida D. R.
Published: June 2019

Optimizing steroid and triterpenes isolation from red algae Eucheuma cottonii was done using column chromatography by varying of column diameter (1, 1.5 and 2 cm) and a ratio of sample : silica (1:50, 1:100, and 1:150). Active compound of E. cottonii was extracted by maceration with methanol. Then, the extract was hydrolyzed using HCl 2 N and partitioned with petroleum ether. The extract after partitioned was separated using wet column chromatography. The result of separation was monitored using analytical thin layer chromatography (Analytical TLC) and identified using FTIR. The best separation was aimed using diameter column 1 cm and a ratio of sample : silica 1:150. Based on FTIR analysis, the steroid from extract had a functional group –OH, –C–H, C=O, -C(CH3)2, and C-OH alcohol and the triterpenoid from extract had a functional group –OH, C–H, C=O, C=C, -C(CH3)2 and C-OH alcohol.

Keywords: E. cottonii, column chromatography, steroid, triterpenoid, column size, sample : gel silica ratio

 

 

Optimasi isolasi senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid dalam alga merah Euchema cottonii telah dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi kolom dengan variasi diameter kolom (1; 1,5; dan 2 cm) dan rasio sampel : silika (1:50; 1:100; dan 1:150). Ekstraksi senyawa aktif pada E. cottonii dilakukan dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak pekat metanol dihidrolisis menggunakan HCl 2 N dan dipartisi dengan petroleum eter. Hasil pemisahan dimonitoring menggunakan KLTA dan diidentifikasi menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemisahan kromatografi kolom terbaik diperoleh dengan variasi diameter 1 cm dan variasi rasion sampel : silika 1:150. Hasil analisis senyawa steroid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, –C–H, C=O, -C(CH3)2, dan C-OH alkohol, sedangkan senyawa triterpenoid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, –C–H, C=O, C=C, -C(CH3)2 dan C-OH alkohol.

Kata Kunci: E. cottonii, kromatografi kolom, steroid, triterpenoid, ukuran kolom, rasio sampel : silika gel
Synthesis of Goethite (α-FeOOH) Pigment by Precipitation Method from Iron Lathe Waste
Authors: Khoiroh Lilik Miftahul , Nuraini Elysia Dwi , Aini Nur
Published: June 2019

Lathe waste contains high iron content potential to be further processed into goethite pigment. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of synthesis temperature on the structure, colour values, and morphology of goethite pigment. The synthesis was conducted with temperature variations of 60, 70, 80and 90°C. The XRD diffraction pattern shows that crystal structure of the product of all synthesis temperatures are goethite (α-Fe-OOH) with orthorhombic structure. The crystal size of the pigment ranges between 11.17 – 12.32 nm. Colour value analysis shows that product of 70°C synthesis temperature exhibits the highest lightness value about 40.5. Based on SEM-EDX imaging, the morphology of the samples is not uniform and forming agglomerates. Traces of impurities were detected, such as C and Na.

 

Keywords: Iron lathe waste, goethite, temperature, precipitation
Rate-setting system analysis of railroad transport from a position of logistics and customer-oriented approach
Authors: Malykov Oleg , Pokrovskaya Oksana
Published: June 2019

Objective: The study of railroad transport rate-setting system from a position of customer-oriented approach and logistics, particularly the development of specific practical proposals of freight delivery system optimization and the assessment of OJSC “Russian Railways” logistic (terminal stocking) activity indices. Methods: Analytical method was applied, as well as economical and mathematical tools of terminalistics, being a new school. Results: An attempt was made to review the existing railway freight delivery system. It was observed that it was unreasonable to exclude materials handling elements - logistical objects (LO) of different types, from a logistical chain as by means of the element in question the freight arrives at as well as leaves the railroad. If the focus is made only on operating indices of functioning and traffic section of a logistical chain, it artificially impoverishes the strongest functional of railway enterprises, leading to a simplistic approach of traffic process managing and does not contribute to freight flow transferring to railroads. A new system of indicators was suggested for economic justification and calculation of parameters LO and TS, which were missing before. All indices were adjusted to the existing system of economical and operational indices of storage yard and railroads functioning. The new system may be applied in logistical rating, as well as terminal and stocking infrastructure of OJSC “Russian Railroads”. It may be used for: 1) LO identification; 2) LO selection taking into account its functionality, dislocation, etc. ; 3) construction projects’ assessment and reconstruction of terminal and stocking railroads’ infrastructure facilities; 4) logistical functioning of OJSC “Russian Railroads” holding company; 5) LO construction; 6) railroad transport functioning forecasting and planning. Practical importance: The application of the originally developed system of indicators will allow OJSC “Russian Railroads” to effectively design, operate and plan the functioning of terminal and stocking infrastructure facilities. The effectiveness of the suggested TSS is in more rapid freight delivery to consumers, expenditure reduction in technical maintenance and ineffective railway sidings and section’s stations repair, shunting and exporting train locomotives release, as well as passing siding of a section’s station for more effective formation of exit routes, technical and station’s speed increase of line haul main directions through home-base station, due to a number of train operation paths release, occupied with demountable export trains’ operation.
Flat car new line launching
Authors: Chepurnoy Anatoliy , Dodonov Alexander , Afanasyev Alexander , Shevchenko Aleksey , Shevchenko Roman
Published: June 2019

Objective: The specificities of car launching, which are united by a number of key parameters, were analyzed. Examples of car lines, developed earlier by different manufacturers, were given. The first principles, used in launching a flat car line suggested by LLC Management Company “RailTransHolding”, were stated. Methods: The description of LLC Management Company “RailTransHolding” 13 9599, 13 9599 01, 13 9599 02 models of flat cars was presented with peculiarities of each model being pointed out. A complex of research calculations was fulfilled at the stage of designing, corroborating the correspondence of specified parameters and regulatory requirements valid in the Russian Federation. Cars’ deflected mode in the process of 3MHz cars’ collision imitation is illustrated. The analysis of specified parameters characterizing dynamic qualities of cars was conducted, as well as the assessment of car frames’ loading is fulfilled by means of peak bending moments’ comparison occurring in different carload patterns. Results: On the basis of analysis of car motion and bending moments’ quality indices, the minimum necessary volume of experimental research was justified and recommended. Separate test categories were conducted only on one typical representative of the car line in question, others-on another model of cars. The obtained testing results were credited for corroboration of the rest of car models indices’ conformity. Practical importance: Thus, the volume of recommended experiments made it possible to establish the conformity of all car models under consideration with unconditional fulfillment of safety requirements and reduce the volume of testing. The primary results were given, allowing for the reduction in time and material costs necessary for a number of cars’ launching.
Technique of calculation of series compensation under given values of train traffic
Authors: Varentsov Valery , Sorin Boris
Published: June 2019

Objective: To improve the methods of calculation of series compensation devices (UPK), taking into account the make-away of bunch of the trains. Methods: To determine maximum losses of voltage and currents in catenary circuit the methods of probability theory and mathematic statistics were used. Results: The paper provides the technology for UPK calculation, that allows to determine the UPK capacity for between-substation zones, considering real-life traffic schedule and allowable voltage at train collectors. Practical importance: Alteration of technologies for UPK capacity calculations, in part of input data, that include traction substation transformer power, may significantly decreases the traction load power. This will allow to lower capital input for UPK installation and to decrease operational costs for UPK maintenance.
Perspectives of using the titanium alloys for heat stressed parts
Authors: Kruchek Viktor , Dvorkin Pavel
Published: June 2019

Objective: To examine the perspectives of using the titanium alloys for diesel motors design and for development of new construction materials for improvement of reliability and life time of forced diesels. Methods: Metallography and X-ray microanalysis were used for titanium allows examination. Results: It was found, that using of titanium allows for train diesel motor piston design would increase the elasticity of the piston for 8%, and decreases the elongation under high temperatures (up to 700 °С). Practical importance: Using of titanium alloys improves the reliability of piston operation and allows to increase the grade of forced induction, that provides the diesel power increasing.
Physical and mathematical models of ballast bed tamping via rotary device
Authors: Polyanichko Nikita
Published: June 2019

Objective: To develop a mathematical model and program for defining rational technological parameters and operation mode of a rotary device for tamping the ballast bed in the tie space area. Establish the veracity of calculations performed using the mathematical model and program developed via mathematical and physical experiments. Methods: Experimental and theoretical research conducted. Results: Established veracity of the mathematical model and program for calculating the technological parameters and operation mode of the device for tamping the ballastbed in the tie space area. Practical importance: The program developed provides the ability to select rational technological parameters and operation mode for the device. It is recommended that it be used when creating tools for ballast bed solidification in the ballast box area.
Flexible approach to lightning protection device of buildings, constructions and technical objects
Authors: Bystrov Eugenie , Tichomirov Oleg
Published: June 2019

Objective: The development of improvement directions for methodical base of lightning protection of buildings, constructions and technical objects. Methods: Analysis of literary data and normative documents. Results: The article substantiates the idea that the correct choice of type and design of lightning protection system plays an important role in ensuring the safety of facilities and equipment in it. Allocated and describes the characteristics of normative documents for the installation of lightning protection act SO 153-34.21.122-2003 “Instructions for installation of lightning protection of buildings, constructions and industrial communications” and RD 34.21.122-87 “Instruction on installation of lightning protection of buildings and structures”. Special attention is paid to the conditions of application of the considered regulatory documents, namely both statements are advisory in nature and to withdrawal or regulation can equal be used in the solution of the task of protecting buildings and structures against atmospheric overvoltage. In the design of protective measures against direct lightning strike can be used in the situation of any of these instructions or a combination thereof. The international electrotechnical commission developed the standard IEC 62305:2010 “Protection against lightning”, consisting of four parts, which set out the basic principles of lightning protection systems of buildings (structures), risk assessment methodology from defeat by a lightning strike, the protective measures necessary to reduce the damage of buildings (buildings) and inside the equipment. The article noted the directions of improvement the methodological base of designing of lightning protection systems of buildings and structures against atmospheric and switching overvoltage’s. Practical importance: The development of a single instrument would ensure the safety of buildings, constructions and technical facilities and close proximity to resident population.