bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The place of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of depressive disorders in children and adolescents. Recommendations of the Main Board of the Polish Psychiatric Association. Part 1 - Clinical efficacy and areas of application
Authors: Janas-Kozik Małgorzata Honorata , Słopień Agnieszka , Remberk Barbara , Siwek Marcin
Published: December 2023

W populacji dorosłych pacjentów leczeniu dużej depresji zarówno interwencje psychoterapeutyczne i farmakologiczne są skuteczne, to jednak leki przeciwdepresyjne pozostają podstawą leczenia. W przypadku psychiatrii dzieci i młodzieży istnieją nadal kontrowersje, czy stosować interwencje farmakologiczne i jaki lek preferować. Pomimo, iż leczenie psychoterapeutyczne nadal jest uważane za terapię pierwszego rzutu, to leki przeciwdepresyjne są szeroko stosowane w leczeniu depresji u dzieci i młodzieży, a liczba przepisywanych w tym wskazaniu leków z czasem wzrosła. W Polsce z refundowanych leków przeciwdepresyjnych korzysta aktualnie ok. 57 tys. pacjentów w wieku do 18. r.ż. Leki przeciwdepresyjne są na ogół skuteczne i dobrze tolerowane przez dzieci, ale od 31% do 48% nie zareaguje na nie, a do 25% doświadczy działań niepożądanych. Celem pracy był o przedstawienie skuteczności i tolerancji leków przeciwdepresyjnych stosowanych w depresji w populacji pediatrycznej. Spośród wszystkich SSRI największa ilość danych pochodzących z krótkoterminowych RCT oraz ich metaanaliz wskazuje na skuteczność fluoksetyny u pacjentów z diagnozą depresji < 18r.ż. co nadal czyni ją lekiem pierwszego wyboru w tym wskazaniu. Wyniki metaanaliz nie pozwalają jednak na wyciagnięcie jednoznacznych wniosków co do skuteczności poszczególnych SSRI w leczeniu depresji u dzieci i młodzieży. Pojedyncze badania kontrolowane placebo wskazują na skuteczność sertraliny, escitalopramu oraz citalopramu w leczeniu depresji pacjentów w wieku <18r.ż., co czyni je istotnymi, godnymi rozważenia opcjami terapeutycznymi. Brak jest rzetelnych dowodów dotyczących efektywności fluwoksaminy.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy A. , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

bez streszczenia
Information Receptivity: The Information-Seeking Behavior and Networking Activity of Women in a Rural Texas County Judicial System
Authors:   , Livingston Jo Ann
Published: December 2023

This study identified the information seeking behavior and networking practices used by members of a specific marginalized population, that of adult female probationers (AFPs) in a rural county in Texas. The study focused on how they seek out information when faced with a self-identified need in their lives. Beyond the basic "food, shelter and clothing" that comes to mind, the respondents find themselves faced with questions not only about the judicial system but also ones involving health care, employment, transportation, child-care, and other. The study utilized a qualitative research approach to gather data about the AFPs' information behavior and networking activities. The AFPs were asked about their information behavior during their time in the judicial system and after that involvement ended, and about their use of three points of information access: personal social network, physical resources, and electronic resources. Data was also gathered from community members (CMs) who have a role either within the judicial system or external to the judicial system. In its findings, the study determined there is no single point of access to a comprehensive listing of resources for the AFPs to utilize, and that AFPs reported seeking information via two ways as based on the type of question being raised. The study found that a hierarchy of needs should include access to the internet, if not an electronic device itself. The study also found there is a strong relationship between an AFP's personal social network and their support system, and that, beyond access to information, there is an element of information receptivity involved with their success. Based upon the insights provided by the AFPs and CMs, the study provides recommendations to improve information dissemination, especially about available resources, and to facilitate AFPs' access to same. With the study's conclusion, a report will be submitted to members of the rural county's judicial system who have stated a strong interest in the study's recommendations for potential implementation.
Deep Learning Methods to Investigate Online Hate Speech and Counterhate Replies to Mitigate Hateful Content
Authors:   , Albanyan Abdullah Abdulaziz
Published: December 2023

Hateful content and offensive language are commonplace on social media platforms. Many surveys prove that high percentages of social media users experience online harassment. Previous efforts have been made to detect and remove online hate content automatically. However, removing users' content restricts free speech. A complementary strategy to address hateful content that does not interfere with free speech is to counter the hate with new content to divert the discourse away from the hate. In this dissertation, we complement the lack of previous work on counterhate arguments by analyzing and detecting them. Firstly, we study the relationships between hateful tweets and replies. Specifically, we analyze their fine-grained relationships by indicating whether the reply counters the hate, provides a justification, attacks the author of the tweet, or adds additional hate. The most obvious finding is that most replies generally agree with the hateful tweets; only 20% of them counter the hate. Secondly, we focus on the hate directed toward individuals and detect authentic counterhate arguments from online articles. We propose a methodology that assures the authenticity of the argument and its specificity to the individual of interest. We show that finding arguments in online articles is an efficient alternative compared to counterhate generation approaches that may hallucinate unsupported arguments. Thirdly, we investigate the replies to counterhate tweets beyond whether the reply agrees or disagrees with the counterhate tweet. We analyze the language of the counterhate tweet that leads to certain types of replies and predict which counterhate tweets may elicit more hate instead of stopping it. We find that counterhate tweets with profanity content elicit replies that agree with the counterhate tweet. This dissertation presents several corpora, detailed corpus analyses, and deep learning-based approaches for the three tasks mentioned above.
A Leadership Framework to Raise Teacher Engagement
Authors:   , O'Bara Susannah Holbert
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine which principal leadership behaviors are associated with higher levels of teacher engagement. The conceptual framework guiding this study was based on the behaviors associated with four specific leadership styles: transformational, shared, instructional, and transactional. This study used descriptive and inferential statistics to identify teacher perceptions of prominent leadership behaviors of each campus principal. Data related to teacher perceptions of their principal's leadership behaviors was gathered through use of a Qualtrics online survey. The distributed survey was adapted from three published surveys: MultiFactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) and Shared Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ). Engagement scores were identified through use of the district's annual Gallup Q12 Engagement Survey. The sample for this study was identified from 2,000 teachers working at one of 38 campuses in the district. The number of teachers who participated in the survey regarding their campus was 540, and 20 of the 38 campuses had a minimum of 10 participants. Upon identification of leadership behaviors, a campus profile was developed to compare their campus engagement scores to answer the research questions. Based upon each campus profile, trends were identified to determine high yield leadership behaviors for raising teacher engagement. Participants reported the most prominent leadership behavior as their leader's sharing leadership by establishing at least one informal leader on each team with the highest mean (M = 4.54). Transformational leadership behaviors accounted for three of the highest mean scores regarding principal behaviors, with one of the top five behaviors representing instructional leadership style. Four of the five principal behaviors with the lowest overall mean were associated with transactional leadership, with one of the lowest means representing instructional leadership.
Security Aspects of Users' Information Sharing on Social Media
Authors:   , Alharbi Mohannad Abdulltef
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate college students' security awareness of using social media in sharing information. The two theories that have guided this study are the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). Data was collected from both undergraduate and graduate students from the University of North Texas (UNT) in Denton. The total responses included 380 students from different majors with 291 valid responses for data analysis; The structural equation model (SEM) Lavaan package was used to find out the best fit of the model. A diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS) was used to model the variables as ordinal in this study's analysis as ordinal data made the model fit substantially. The study found that 6 factors: attitude (AB), subjective norm (SN), perceived behavior control (PBC), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived risks (PR), and security awareness (SA) influenced behavior intention (BI). Also, I found that AB was influenced by PR and SA, as well as SN influenced by SA. Self-efficacy (SE) influenced PBC. On the other hand, the study found that controllability (C) did not influence PBC; perhaps, an individual's skills do not interact with social media security settings. Perceived ease of use (PEOU) did not influence BI; perhaps this occurred because of an individual's inability to prevent his or her information from being disclosed in the future, even if they had taken the right precautions. This study contributed to literature on understanding the nature of information sharing among college students on social media. The results may help college security professionals to evaluate or revise the rules and policies regarding cybersecurity and privacy.
The Lived Experiences of Puerto Rican Mental Health Professionals Who Provided Postdisaster Counseling Services to Children
Authors:   , Rodríguez Delgado Mónica
Published: December 2023

This photovoice study explored the lived experiences of nine Puerto Rican mental health professionals who provided postdisaster counseling services to children. Due to the complex and multilayered experiences of Puerto Rican mental health professionals, this study used intersectionality as the theoretical lens to facilitate thematic analysis of the data. Results from coresearchers' narratives and photographs generated seven major themes: (a) la politiquería of disasters; (b) the impact of compounding disasters; (c) Puerto Rico se levanta: strategies for collective healing; (d) impact of disasters on children; (e) experiences with clients; (f) awareness, action, change; and (g) supporting, connecting, and transforming. The results and discussion provide awareness into the experiences of Puerto Rican clinicians who formed part of disaster response efforts in their own community. Clinical, educational, and research implications are drawn from coresearchers' narratives and insight.
TÜRKLERDE GÜNEŞE SAYGI: ÇİLE GECESİ
Authors: GAZANFARGİZİ Aynur
Published: December 2023

Çile gecesi Azerbaycan Türklerinin yaşadıkları İran’da, Türkiye’de ve Azerbaycan’da kutlnmaktadır. Dünyanın Kuzey kısmında yılın en uzun gecesi Çile gecesidir. Bu gece Şemsi yılının, Dey ayının başlangıç gecesi, Azer ayının sonuncu gecesidir.

Çile'yi soğukluk derecesine göre iki kısma bölerler: Büyük Çile, Küçük Çile. Büyük Çile 40 gün devam eder. 21 Aralık’ta başlar ve 31 Ocak’a kadar devam eder. Küçük Çile 20 gün sürer. 1 Şubat itibarile başlar ve 20 Şubat’ta biter. Çile” sözüne Divani Lügat it-Türk eserinde de rastalamaktadır. Sözün anlamı sözlükte yeşermek, başlangıc olarak verilmişdir.

Çile gecesinde nışanlı kızlara hediyeler verilir, bereket getirmesi için kalabalık sofralar kurulur. Küçük kız çocuğu kışı temsil edecek şekilde bembeyaz giydirir. Ayaz ata gelir ve hediyeler dağıtır. Çile gecesi özellikle Orta Asya’da Narduğan bayramı olarak kutlanmakdadır. Narduğan güneş doğan” demekdir.

Makalemizde bu konu arama-tarama ve kıyaslama metodları ile derinlemesine işlenecekdir. Özellikle Çile gecesi ve Narduğan bayramlarının aynı bayram olması, Türklerde ağaç kültüne saygı ve ağaçsüsleme geleneğinden de bahsedilerek eski Türk inancının izleri bayramlarda aranacaktır.
AİLE İÇİ KADINA YÖNELİK ŞİDDETİN SOSYAL VE KÜLTÜREL DİNAMİKLERİ
Authors: SARITAŞ Süheyla
Published: December 2023

Şiddet, bugün insanlığın en ciddi küresel bir sorunudur. Bu kavramın sevgi, saygı, şefkat, fedakârlık, merhamet, dayanışma gibi aile ile özdeşleşen kurum ile bir araya gelmesi oldukça rahatsız edicidir. Çünkü aile tüm dünyada, kültürel farklılıklara ve değişmelere rağmen halen sıcaklık, huzur, annelik, babalık, aşk, sadakat, koruma, dayanışma gibi olumluluk içeren pek çok kavramı ve duyguyu bünyesinde taşıyan bir kurumdur. Aile içi şiddet, aile içindeki bireylerden özellikle fiziksel, duygusal, sosyal ve maddi anlamda en zayıf olana ve çoğunlukla kadına yönelik şiddet türüdür. Aile içinde şiddete en fazla maruz kalan kadınlar, bugün akademik çalışmaların da konusu haline gelmiştir. Kadınlar ev içinde şiddetin farklı biçimleri ile karşı karşıya gelirler. Tüm bu eylemler kadınların fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal açılardan bütünlüğünü, dengesini bozar ve onlara zarar verir. Çalışmada bugün toplumsal yaşamın hemen yerinde var olan kadınların “özel alan” olarak nitelendirilen ev içinde yaşadıkları şiddetin toplumsal ve kültürel boyutlarını ortaya koymayı amaçladık. Bu amaçla öncelikle çalışmada şiddet olgusundan, aile içi kadına yönelik şiddetten söz edilecektir. Araştırmanın son kısmında ise aile içi kadına yönelik şiddetin önlenmesine dair çeşitli çözüm önerilerine yer verilecektir.
Ethnobotanical studies of plant resources of Taftan Mountain, Sistan and Baluchestan in southeastern region of Iran
Authors: ABADI BAHRAM RIGI HOSSEIN , NEINHUIS CHRISTOPH , SAFAEIAN ROJA , LAUTENSCHLÄGER THEA
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Abadi BRH, Neinhuis C, Safaeian R, Lautenschläger T. 2023. Ethnobotanical studies of plant resources of Taftan Mountain, Sistan and Baluchestan in southeastern region of Iran. Asian J Ethnobiol 6: 75-117. Due to poverty, lack of proper access to cities, the inadequacy of health services, and the availability of indigenous remedies, plant usage still is an important part of the cultural heritage in Baluchestan, Iran. Our study was conducted between 2018 and 2020 in Taftan Mountain area to report the traditional uses of the endemic plant species. During 40 field trips, 54 informants were interviewed. Totally, 3199 citations and 102 species belonging to 43 families were reported. Medical purposes comprised 75% of citations and 25% were referred to non-medical purposes. Medicinal plants were used against 178 disorders, and decoction was the most commonly applied method of preparation. Leaves were the most frequently used plant parts. Although most recorded species belong to Apiaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae, most citations belong to Lamiaceae followed by Asteraceae and Apiaceae. Most of the local people in the area still use the plants especially for treating their ailments. Women contributed more than men to the citations. The highest values for the ethnobotanical indices RFC and CI were recorded for Pistacia atlantica Desf., while the diseases brucellosis, callus, and eye infection had the highest FIC-value (1). Information regarding traditional knowledge is limited to elders; therefore, it needs to be recorded and saved for future generations.
Ethnomedicinal knowledge used by Mullukurumbas of Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India
Authors: SANU C. , JEEVITH S. , SHEEBA T.C.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Sanu C, Jeevith S, Sheeba TC. 2023. Ethnomedicinal knowledge used by Mullukurumbas of Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India. Asian J Ethnobiol 6: 118-129. Nilgiris is one of the biodiversity-rich areas in the Western Ghats, India, with six major groups of indigenous tribes, and Mullukuruba is one of the subtribes of Kurumbas. The present study aimed to document the ethnomedicinal knowledge among the Mullukurumba Tribe of Kallical, Cherangode Village of Nilgiris, Western Ghats. Most of the tribes in Nilgiris follow a close cultural ritual and traditional knowledge, including food and medicine. The field data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The tribal people utilized 152 plant species belonging to 60 families. The life forms of the collected plants revealed that herbs constitute 53 species, followed by shrubs 44 species, trees 35 species, and climbers 20 species. Family-wise, Fabaceae dominated with 13 species, followed by Asteraceae 10 species, and Solanaceae included 8 species. The use category made by the tribal community were medicinal plants (70%), edible fruits (19%), and miscellaneous uses (11%). The plant species treat various illnesses, including piles, rheumatism, gynecological issues, dermatitis, and antidiarrheal and anti-diabetic conditions. Argyreia cuneata (Willd.) Ker Gawl., Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, Coix lacryma-jobi L., Ixora coccinea L., Gloriosa superba L., Melastoma malabathricum L., and Plumeria alba L. were the most common plants used for rituals. Also, this study presented an updated checklist of medicinal plants used by the Mullukurumba Tribe.
Secondary metabolites of rhizospheric fungal isolate Aspergillus carneus ABRF4 regulate the antibacterial and anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells
Authors: SAHU MAHENDRA KUMAR , YEERAVALLI RAGINI , DAS AMITAVA , JHA HARIT
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Sahu MK, Yeeravalli R, Das A, Jha H. 2023. Secondary metabolites of rhizospheric fungal isolate Aspergillus carneus ABRF4 regulate the antibacterial and anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 137-142. The medicinal capabilities of plants are influenced by soil chemistry, genotype, and climate. Many biotic and abiotic factors affect soil composition. Microorganisms constituting the soil microflora indicate a mutualistic relationship with plant rhizospheric region, and they play an important role in plant secondary metabolite production, yield, and efficacy. They are the major resources for structurally unique bioactive natural metabolites. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactivity of the secondary metabolite extracted from the rhizospheric fungal isolate Aspergillus carneus ABRF4) isolated from the Achanakmar Biosphere Reserve, Chhattisgarh, India. The fungal secondary metabolites were extracted using several solvents by soxhlet extraction techniques. The crude and partially purified column fractions of A. carneus ABRF4 were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Results showed that the acetonitrile fraction had an antimicrobial activity with the variable zone of inhibition against human pathogens such as Bacillus circulans (MTCC-7906), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-96), and Ralstonia eutropha (MTCC-2487). The crude extracts and the identified secondary metabolite, trans- 1,3-dimethyl-Cyclohexane, possess different anti-proliferative activity against human tissue-specific cancer cell lines, including breast cancer (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MCF-7), liver cancer (HepG2), lung cancer (A-549), and prostate cancer (DU-145) suggesting a potential therapeutic application of the isolated rhizospheric fungi.
Effectiveness test of Diploknema oligomera extracts to the decrease in glucose levels in alloxan-induced BALB/c male mice
Authors: FAIZAH SITI , ERIANI KARTINI , ROSNIZAR ROSNIZAR
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Faizah S, Eriani K, Rosnizar. 2023. Effectiveness test of Diploknema oligomera extracts to the decrease in glucose levels in alloxan-induced BALB/c male mice. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 143-148. People with diabetes mellitus usually consume chemical drugs to lower their blood glucose levels which cause side effects and require a reasonably high cost. Therefore, alternative natural medicines (phytopharmaceuticals) that are safer and more affordable are needed. Punti fruit (Diploknema oligomera H.J Lam) has the potential as an antihyperglycemic agent that can lower glucose levels in the blood because the punti fruit contains flavonoid compounds, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. These secondary metabolites can reduce blood glucose levels. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design, six treatments, and four replications. This study used 24 BALB/C (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) male mice grouped into six treatments, namely normal control treatment (P1), negative control by giving alloxan 150 mg/kg bw (P2), positive control by giving glibenclamide dose of 0.65 mg/kg body weight (bw) (P3), ethanol extract of punti fruit dose of 250 mg/kg bw (P4), ethanol extract of punti fruit dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (P5) and ethanol extract of punti fruit dose of 1,000 mg/kg bw (P6). The results proved that administering punti extract (P3, P4, P5) for 14 could reduce blood glucose levels in male diabetic mice with a percentage reduction of 33.6%, 37.4%, and 52.7%, and treatment-positive control decreased blood glucose by 32.6%. The conclusion showed that the ethanol extract of punti fruit at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg bw could effectively reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic mice compared to a dose of 250 mg/kg bw, 500 mg/kg bw and 0.65 mg/kg glibenclamide kg bw. Therefore, punti fruit can be used as a drug candidate to be developed as phytopharmaceuticals in treating diabetes mellitus.
Antibacterial activities of Polyalthia longifolia leaf extracts on multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from hospital fomites in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: BABATUNDE OLAMIDE JOSHUA , OGUNDARE AYODELE OLUYEMISI , ADEBOLU TINUOLA TOKUNBO
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Babatunde OJ, Ogundare AO, Adebolu TT. 2023. Antibacterial activities of Polyalthia longifolia leaf extracts on multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from hospital fomites in Akure, Nigeria. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 149-160. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.), an ornamental plant, is said to be therapeutic while searching for new medications to treat infections caused by multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (MAR). This plant's leaves were investigated for prospective antibacterial activity against MAR isolated from fomites in selected hospitals in Akure and their pharmacological properties. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate and identify bacteria from fomites. Disc diffusion was performed to test their sensitivity to conventional antibiotics and P. longifolia leaf extracts made with ethanol and water. Ciprotab® was used as the control during the antibacterial assay. Therefore, GC-MS analysis was carried out using standard methods to identify the chemicals in the plant leaf extracts. Staphylococcus aureus (29.17%), Streptococcus pyogenes (20.83%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.28%), Escherichia coli (14.28%), Salmonella typhi (12.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.33%) were the bacterial species isolated from the fomites sampled in this study. Crude ethanol leaf extract of P. longifolia (100mg/mL) inhibited the growth of these organisms with the greatest effect on P. aeruginosa with a value of 23.83±0.44 mm, which is superior to that medicated by the control antibiotic (ciprofloxacin). The GC-MS analysis of the purified leaf extracts of P. longifolia revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid and phytol, among others. The study revealed that the leaf extracts of P. longifolia can inhibit the growth of the isolated MAR from fomites with an added cidal effect, and the inhibition increase with the increase in concentration and exposure time.
Chemical composition of Corymbia citriodora
Authors: DOGARA ABDULRAHMAN MAHMOUD
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Dogara AM. 2023. Chemical composition of Corymbia citriodora. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 172-178. Aromatic plants, particularly those in the Myrtaceae family, are widely used both traditionally and commercially to lengthen food's shelf life and safety. The current investigation was prompted by a lack of information on the composition of the plant's oil, which has traditionally been used to treat and manage cancer, malaria, typhoid fever, and various other ailments. The study thoroughly examines the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson. Hydro distillation was used to extract essential oil from the leaves, which were then analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the functional group in the essential oil. According to the findings, monoterpene compounds make up (0.8137%), sesquiterpenoids (0.6568%) and other compounds (95.7207% of the total). The most abundant substance was 1-Octadecene (7.83%), followed by Oleic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)-, (6.16%), Octadecanal, Disparlure, and 1-Octadecene (all of which were at or below 4%), and all other substances. The C. citriodora essential oil yielded 11 spectra. The extracts had sharp peaks at 900 cm-1 (phenyl), 1400 (mono-, oligo-, and carbohydrates), and 2900 (lipid methoxy compounds of CH3 and CH2, which have distinctive C-H stretching vibrations). OH groups from water, alcohols, phenols, polysaccharides, and peroxides are fingerprinted at 3400 cm-1. The study concludes that oleic acid-rich oil from C. citriodora leaves could be used as an economical source of oleic acid; the study lays the groundwork for future research on the plant in this issue.
Avifaunal diversity of Northwestern Himalayas (Jammu and Kashmir) and Trans Himalayas (Ladakh) of India
Authors: YOUSUF PARVAIZ , PARVAIZ SEMRAN , ZEHBI NISHEET , ALTAF SABIA , ZARGAR BILAL NASIR , RATHER ROUF , TANTRAY JAVEED , LATEEF MOHAMMAD
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Yousuf P, Parvaiz S, Zehbi N, Altaf S, Zargar BN, Rather R, Tantray J, Lateef M. 2023. Avifaunal diversity of Northwestern Himalayas (Jammu and Kashmir) and Trans Himalayas (Ladakh) of India. Biodiversitas 24: 212-231. The Himalayas are home to various plants and animals, making it one of the world's most biodiverse regions. The northwestern Himalayan region of the trans-Himalayan Region of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir, India are home to various bird species due to varied topography and temperature. In this study, we collected the checklists and field data for 3 years based on compiling data from published and unpublished scientific literature, print and electronic, currently accessible in research articles, papers, books, websites, web pages, and field notes. The trans-Himalayas (Ladakh) and Northwestern Himalayas (Jammu and Kashmir) are home to 677 bird species, which belong to 89 families; there are approximately 107 families in the Indian sub-continent, equals to 6.77% of total bird species (>10,000) found globally and 49.2% of total bird species (1,376) in the Indian subcontinent. The family Muscicapidae (53 or 7.8%) has the most species, followed by Accipitridae (41 or 6%), and so on. Furthermore, the threatened species number is 54 (8%), which includes 23 (3.40%), 22 (3.25%), 6 (0.8%), and 3 (0.44%) under Vulnerable, Near Threatened, Endangered, and critically Endangered categories. Moreover, among 677 species, 228 species (33.77%) are found in all the 3 regions, 77 (11.4%) in only Jammu & Kashmir but not Ladakh, 24 (3.55%) in Jammu & Ladakh but not in Kashmir, 152 (22.5%) only in Jammu but not in Kashmir & Ladakh, 80 (11.85%) in Kashmir & Ladakh but not in Jammu, 26 (3.84%) only in Kashmir but not in Jammu & Ladakh, 71 (10.51%) only in Ladakh but not in Jammu & Kashmir. This information could provide these regions first-of-its-kind comprehensive data on bird diversity.
Population genetic structure of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) in Malaysian waters based on COI gene
Authors: BINASHIKHBUBKR KHALED , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , NAIM DARLINA MD
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Binashikhbubkr K, Setyawan AD, Naim DM. 2023. Population genetic structure of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)) in Malaysian waters based on COI gene. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 258-268. Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) is widely distributed in the subtropical and tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. Still, insufficient data about its stock, management, and protection in Malaysia and nearby waters raises concerns about overfishing and depletion. Therefore, to ensure effective and successful management of a species, it is imperative to conduct a molecular-based assessment of the stock structure. The present study investigated the population genetic structure of E. affinis in Malaysian waters using the mtDNA COI gene. Furthermore, the 632 bp segment of the COI region was sequenced in 372 individuals from 19 distinct populations in Malaysian waters. The results revealed that the genetic divergence varied from low to high. The average Haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (?) were calculated to be 0.5401 and 0.0045, respectively. Examining haplotype distribution unveiled the presence of 22 unique haplotypes within the COI gene of E. affinis. The analysis of the Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree and the Minimum Spanning Network (MSN) revealed the formation of three distinct clades among E. affinis samples. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed a significant genetic structure among the 19 populations of E. affinis [(FST = 0.5354 (P < 0.05)]. The neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis indicated that the specimens underwent a period of population expansion. This study is a significant milestone, providing the first comprehensive documentation of the genetic structure of E. affinis in Malaysia.
Morphometric variations of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) in Malaysian and Yemeni waters
Authors: BINASHIKHBUBKR KHALED , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , NAIM DARLINA MD
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Binashikhbubkr K, Setyawan AD, Naim DM. 2023. Morphometric variations of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) in Malaysian and Yemeni waters. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 269-278. Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849 (Kawakawa), a small epipelagic tuna that migrates, is one of the most commercially significant tunas in Indo-Pacific subtropical and tropical waters. Unfortunately, there is a lack of knowledge on the region's stock structure and management of the particular migratory species. The present investigation aimed to distinguish body shape differences among 20 populations of E. affinis across Malaysian and Yemen coastal waters. A total of 416 specimens of E. affinis were sampled from five central geographic regions: the South China Sea, Straits of Malacca, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and the Arabian Sea. Multivariate analyses, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), and Cluster Analysis (CA) of 12 morphometric variables, were conducted to differentiate 20 populations of E. affinis. The findings revealed significant differences in the body form among 20 populations. Morphological homogeneity was observed among populations from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak). As expected, Yemen's (Mukalla City) populations were clearly segregated and formed a separate cluster. The highest percentage of correctly classified specimens (100%) came from populations in Pulau Tenggol (Terengganu) and Kukup (Johor). In contrast, the highest percentage of misclassified specimens (100%) came from populations in Kota Kinabalu (Sabah), Bintawa (Sarawak), Lumut (Perak), and Endau (Johor). Based on the Mahalanobis distances, hierarchical cluster analyses revealed that 20 populations of E. affinis could be clustered into three distinct groups. This is the first report on E. affinis from Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysian Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak), and the waters of Yemen using morphometric techniques.
Phase-locked, pre-amplified optical injection locking at low input powers
Authors: Connor Skehan J. , Karlsson Magnus , Andrekson Peter A.
Published: December 2023

Optical injection locking generally occurs when light from a master laser is unidirectionally injected into a slave laser, such that the injected light overcomes spontaneous emission inside the cavity, and forces the slave laser to behave as a frequency copy of the master. Here, we study the limits of stability for optically pre-amplified optical injection locking in the case of large added noise on the input field and in the presence of a phase locked loop which minimizes the frequency offset between master and slave lasers. We present a set of modified rate equations which we use to describe the physics of the system near the limit of stable injection locking, and report on phase slips which occur due to injected noise momentarily destabilizing the system. We then provide experimental evidence to support the behavior seen in simulation, and are able to successfully recover a CW wave at -80 dBm black box input power (-70 dBm for phase slip free operation), providing 20 dBm of output power from the injection locked slave laser.
Investigation of intracavity MgO:LiNbO3 terahertz polariton laser gain over an extended 1–5 THz range
Authors: Jose Ameera A. , Pask Helen M. , Spence David J. , Kitzler Ondrej
Published: December 2023

Most intracavity MgO:LiNbO3 terahertz polariton lasers generate output in the 1–3 THz range. In this study, we investigate the potential to extend this tuning range toward 6 THz. We predict broader tuning using a modified polariton gain theory that takes account of additional polariton damping at 3.15 THz and the angle-dependent field overlap in the crystal. We achieved continuous tuning between 1.5 and 5.4 THz and characterised the gain in this range—so far the widest THz frequency range achieved from a nonlinear crystal via intracavity SPS.
Phylomitogenomics bolsters the high-level classification of Demospongiae (phylum Porifera)
Authors: Lavrov Dennis V. , Diaz Maria C. , Maldonado Manuel , Morrow Christine C. , Perez Thierry , Pomponi Shirley A. , Thacker Robert W.
Published: December 2023

Class Demospongiae is the largest in the phylum Porifera (Sponges) and encompasses nearly 8,000 accepted species in three subclasses: Keratosa, Verongimorpha, and Heteroscleromorpha. Subclass Heteroscleromorpha contains ∼90% of demosponge species and is subdivided into 17 orders. The higher level classification of demosponges underwent major revision as the result of nearly three decades of molecular studies. However, because most of the previous molecular work only utilized partial data from a small number of nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) genes, this classification scheme needs to be tested by larger datasets. Here we compiled a mt dataset for 136 demosponge species—including 64 complete or nearly complete and six partial mt-genome sequences determined or assembled for this study—and used it to test phylogenetic relationships among Demospongiae in general and Heteroscleromorpha in particular. We also investigated the phylogenetic position ofMyceliospongia araneosa, a highly unusual demosponge without spicules and spongin fibers, currently classified as Demospongiaeincertae sedis, for which molecular data were not available. Our results support the previously inferred sister-group relationship between Heteroscleromorpha and Keratosa + Verongimorpha and suggest five main clades within Heteroscleromorpha: Clade C0 composed of order Haplosclerida; Clade C1 composed of Scopalinida, Sphaerocladina, and Spongillida; Clade C2 composed of Axinellida, Biemnida, Bubarida; Clade C3 composed of Tetractinellida; and Clade C4 composed of Agelasida, Clionaida, Desmacellida, Merliida, Suberitida, Poecilosclerida, Polymastiida, and Tethyida. The inferred relationships among these clades were (C0(C1(C2(C3+C4)))). Analysis of molecular data fromM. araneosaplaced it in the C3 clade as a sister taxon to the highly skeletonized tetractinellidsMicrosclerodermasp. andLeiodermatiumsp. Molecular clock analysis dated divergences among the major clades in Heteroscleromorpha from the Cambrian to the Early Silurian, the origins of most heteroscleromorph orders in the middle Paleozoic, and the most basal splits within these orders around the Paleozoic to Mesozoic transition. Overall, the results of this study are mostly congruent with the accepted classification of Heteroscleromorpha, but add temporal perspective and new resolution to phylogenetic relationships within this subclass.
Association between lignan polyphenol bioavailability and enterotypes of isoflavone metabolism: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Fujitani Tomoko , Harada Sassa Mariko , Lyu Zhaoqing , Fujii Yukiko , Harada Kouji H.
Published: December 2023

Lignan polyphenols derived from plants are metabolized by bacteria in the gut to mammalian lignans, such as enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END). Mammalian lignan intake has been reported to be associated with obesity and low blood glucose levels. However, the factors that are responsible for individual differences in the metabolic capacity for ENL and END are not well understood. In the present study, the effects of enterotypes of isoflavone metabolism, equol producers (EQP) and O-desmethylangolensin producers (O-DMAP), on lignan metabolism were examined. EQP was defined by urinary daidzein (DAI) and equol concentrations as log(equol/DAI) ≥ –1.42. O-DMAP was defined by urinary DAI and O-DMA concentrations as O-DMA/DAI > 0.018. Isoflavone and lignan concentrations in urine samples from 440 Japanese women were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic enterotypes were determined from the urinary equol and O-DMA concentrations. Urinary END and ENL concentrations were compared in four groups, combinations of EQP (+/–) and O-DMAP (+/–). The urinary lignan concentration was significantly higher in the O-DMAP/EQP group (ENL: P<0.001, END: P<0.001), and this association remained significant after adjusting for several background variables (END: β = 0.138, P = 0.00607 for EQP and β = 0.147, P = 0.00328 for O-DMAP; ENL: β = 0.312, P<0.001 for EQP and β = 0.210, P<0.001 for O-DMAP). The ENL/END ratio was also highest in the O-DMAP/EQP group, indicating that equol and O-DMA metabolizing gut bacteria may be involved in lignan metabolism. In conclusion, urinary lignan concentrations were significantly higher in groups containing either EQP or O-DMAP than in the non-EQP/non-O-DMAP group. The variables and participants in this study were limited, which the possibility of confounding by other variables cannot be ruled out. However, there are no established determinants of lignan metabolism to date. Further research is needed to determine what factors should be considered, and to examine in different settings to confirm the external validity.
Studying the Performance Features of the Scenario Algorithm in the Control System of an Unmanned Aerial System
Authors: Senchuk D.V.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we consider the results of a full-scale experiment carried out under conditions most closely resembling real operating ones. The goal of the experiment is to identify the performance features of the control system inside an unmanned aerial system (UAS) when using the swarm control method of a decentralized UAS control strategy. The considered flight performance characteristics of a single UAV provide an opportunity to analyze the operation feasibility of the presented UAS to solve other kinds of problems. The results of the presented experiment enable the development of a set of recommendations for further research directions. Also, they provide future UAV operators with better and faster achievement of practical goals during the practical operation of UAS in various conditions. The described features and disadvantages of various BAS control strategies help determine probable options for the BAS configuration depending on the nature of the tasks to be solved later.
PARTICIPATION OF POLYPHENOLS IN THE FORMATION OF FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY AND RESISTANCE OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. CALLUS CULTURES TO EXOMETABOLITES OF THE FUNGUS SCLEROTINIA SCLERO-TIORUM L.
Authors: Zaytseva Svetlana Mikhaylovna , Kalashnikova Elena Anatolievna , Nguyen Thanh Hai , Kirakosyan Rima Norikovna
Published: December 2023

The effect of secondary metabolites, in particular polyphenols, on the resistance of callus tissues to the action of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum culture filtrate was studied. The studies were carried out on callus cultures obtained from explants isolated from sterile seedlings of Helianthus annuus L. It has been experimentally shown that under in vitro conditions, the content of soluble phenolic compounds sharply decreases in comparison with the original tissues and remains at a low level as it passes. However, when exposed to a stress factor (cultural filtrate of the fungus S. sclerotiorum), the accumulation of polyphenols increases. A direct correlation was established between the concentration of the cultural filtrate of the fungus S. sclerotiorum and the biosynthetic potential of callus cultures. With an increase in the concentration of cultural filtrate, the quantitative and qualitative content of polyphenols in the callus tissue increases. Specific histochemical studies. It is shown that polyphenols in sunflower plants are mainly localized in the integumentary, parenchymal and conductive tissues. As plants grow, the accumulation of polyphenols in plant tissues increases.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE CERAMICS FROM THE KROKHALEVKA-5, 11 SITE (THE NORTH OF THE UPPER OB RIVER REGION)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, A. Grishin , Zh. Marchenko ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, N. Stepanova ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: December 2023

The article presents the first results of a study of a sample of ceramics from the burial ground and the settlement of Krokhalevka-5, 11 (north of the Upper Ob region). The studies were carried out within the framework of the historical and cultural approach according to the method of A.A. Bobrinsky. The main task was to determine the specifics of cultural traditions in the selection of raw materials, the preparation of molding masses, the features of the working edge of ornaments by their imprints and a comparative analysis of the data obtained. The study was conducted of 22 specimens, belonging to five cultural and chronological groups of the Neolithic — Bronze Age: Kiprinskaya, Krokhalevskaya, Odinovskaya and Krotovskaya, the fifth group combines ceramics with an unclear cultural attribution of the early — developed Bronze Age. Most of the fragments come from open or conditionally closed (pits, ditch) archaeological contexts, and most oft en from the soil layer. It has been established that for the manufacture of ceramics, ferruginous clays with different amounts of natural sand impurities were used. 8 recipes for the composition of molding masses have been recorded. Clay + grus + organic solution prevails. The local traditions include the addition of crushed stone, and the brought ones — fireclay. In the earliest ceramic groups of the site, an unusual tradition of adding animal hair was revealed, which has analogies on the sites of the northern foothills of the Altai and other territories in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages. The highest degree of similarity was noted for the Kiprinskaya and Krokhalevskaya vessels with ceramic complexes of the northern foothills of the Altai, the Upper Ob region and the north of the Kulunda steppe, both in terms of the composition of the molding masses and the tools for applying the ornament. The data obtained are of great importance for the characterization of the ceramic complexes of the Neolithic — Early Bronze Age in Siberia.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF A PROCESSED INCOMPLETE HORNY ROD OF THE MONGOLIAN GAZELLE PROCAPRA GUTTUROSA FROM THE FIFTH CULTURAL LAYER OF THE SUKHOTSKAYA WORKSHOP
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, P. Moroz
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the functional analysis of the tool of Procapra gutturosa Mongolian gazelle, made on an incomplete horn rod, found during excavations in 2019. The Sukhotinskaya workshop has been known since the 1970s. For the first time it is mentioned in the scientific reports of I.I. Kirillov as a place of collection of numerous lifting material. For the first time, a test pit at the site was laid in 2013, and in 2019 it was expanded. In the course of these works, at the base of the section, a processed horn rod of Procapra gutturosa of an average degree of preservation was found, which was subjected to functional analysis. In the course of studying the object under binocular and metallographic microscopes, five microsections were identified on the largely destroyed treated surface of the horn rod, which retained individual areas of focal micropolishing and thin linear traces directed along the axis of processing. The direction vector of these microtraces coincides with the visual profile of the horn rod processed into a wedge by cutting. These areas are preserved on the heights of the furrowed surface in places where the bone substance of the horn shaft has not undergone significant changes. Of particular interest are individual microchip of hornfels and micaceous rock/pyrite, which are stuck directly in the bone substance at an angle of about 30°, which clearly indicates the angle and direction of processing. Based on the results of the functional analysis of the tool, an extraordinary tool was determined, carrying two generations of trimming by cutting off the knocked-off edge.
BRIDLE SETS IN THE POPULATION OF THE NORTHERN ALTAI IN THE ROURAN PERIOD (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE CHOBURAK-I NECROPOLIS)
Authors:   Altai State University, N. Seregin , A. Tishkin ,   Altai State University, S. Matrenin ,   Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, T. Parshikova ,   Altai State University
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of the study of bridle sets from the Choburak-I necropolis located in the Chemal region of the Altai Republic. Details of the bridle were found in the graves of ten adults buried with a riding horse. The published collection of things included metal (mainly iron) products of various functional and decorative purposes: bits, cheek-pieces, buckles, badges, tips and distributors of belts, clasps, trench coats, fasteners, lining of the neckpiece. A morphological analysis of the indicated objects was carried out, as well as their comparison with elements of horse equipment from the complexes of the Bulan-Koby culture and sites of the Great Migration period excavated in adjacent territories. The general and special features of the manufacture of various bridle accessories by the population of Altai in the second half of the 4th–first half of the 5th centuries AD are revealed. The analyzed sources demonstrate the influence of the material traditions of the nomads of Central Asia in the second quarter of the 1st millennium AD, as well as the local heritage of the Bulan-Koby culture, on the appearance of the outfit of the riding horse of the Rouran period. It has been established that some modifications of bits, cheek-pieces, plaques and distributors also existed at the initial stages of the development of the culture of the early medieval Turks in Altai.