bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo real-time monitoring of volatile metabolites resulting from nasal odorant metabolism
Authors: Robert-Hazotte Aline , Schoumacker Rachel , Semon Etienne , Briand Loïc , Guichard Elisabeth , Le Quéré Jean-Luc , Faure Philippe , Heydel Jean-Marie
Published: February 2019

Odorant-metabolizing enzymes are critically involved in the clearance of odorant molecules from the environment of the nasal neuro-olfactory tissue to maintain the sensitivity of olfactory detection. Odorant metabolism may also generate metabolitesin situ, the characterization and function of which in olfaction remain largely unknown. Here, we engineered and validated anex vivomethod to measure odorant metabolism in real-time. Glassware containing an explant of rat olfactory mucosa was continuously flushed with an odorant flow and was coupled to a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer for volatile compound analysis. Focusing on carboxylic esters and diketone odorants, we recorded the metabolic uptake of odorants by the mucosa, concomitantly with the release of volatile odorant metabolites in the headspace. These results significantly change the picture of real-timein situodorant metabolism and represent a new step forward in the investigation of the function of odorant metabolites in the peripheral olfactory process. Our method allows the systematic identification of odorant metabolites using a validated animal model and permits the screening of olfactory endogenously produced chemosensory molecules.
Digital biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: the mobile/wearable devices opportunity
Authors: Kourtis Lampros C. , Regele Oliver B. , Wright Justin M. , Jones Graham B.
Published: February 2019

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) represents a major and rapidly growing burden to the healthcare ecosystem. A growing body of evidence indicates that cognitive, behavioral, sensory, and motor changes may precede clinical manifestations of AD by several years. Existing tests designed to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases, while well-validated, are often less effective in detecting deviations from normal cognitive decline trajectory in the earliest stages of the disease. In the quest for gold standards for AD assessment, there is a growing interest in the identification of readily accessible digital biomarkers, which harness advances in consumer grade mobile and wearable technologies. Topics examined include a review of existing early clinical manifestations of AD and a path to the respective sensor and mobile/wearable device usage to acquire domain-centric data towards objective, high frequency and passive digital phenotyping.
A classical picture of subnanometer junctions: an atomistic Drude approach to nanoplasmonics
Authors: Giovannini Tommaso , Rosa Marta , Corni Stefano , Cappelli Chiara
Published: February 2019

Classical fully atomistic approach with quantum tunneling effects for nanoplasmonics.
Ideal optical contrast for 2D material observation using bi-layer antireflection absorbing substrates
Authors: Jaouen Kevin , Cornut Renaud , Ausserré Dominique , Campidelli Stéphane , Derycke Vincent
Published: February 2019

Optimized double-layer antireflection substrates allow observation of 2D materials with greatly enhanced contrast and molecular film growth with ultra-high sensitivity.
Effect of nanostructuration on the spin crossover transition in crystalline ultrathin films
Authors: Rubio-Giménez Víctor , Bartual-Murgui Carlos , Galbiati Marta , Núñez-López Alejandro , Castells-Gil Javier , Quinard Benoit , Seneor Pierre , Otero Edwige , Ohresser Philippe , Cantarero Andrés , Coronado Eugenio , Real José Antonio , Mattana Richard , Tatay Sergio , Martí-Gastaldo Carlos
Published: February 2019

Film thickness and microstructure critically affect the spin crossover transition of a 2D coordination polymer.
Correction: Photoluminescence tuning in carbon dots: surface passivation or/and functionalization, heteroatom doping
Authors: Li Linbo , Dong Tao
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Photoluminescence tuning in carbon dots: surface passivation or/and functionalization, heteroatom doping’ by Linbo Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018, 6, 7944–7970.
A homogeneous fluorescent biosensing strategy for highly sensitive detection of DNA based on a programmed entropy-driven strand displacement reaction and DNAzyme for dual recycling amplification
Authors: Li Yujian , Ding Xiaojuan , Li Dandan , Wu Haiping , Huang Wei , Ding Shijia
Published: February 2019

In this study, a homogeneous fluorescent biosensing strategy is described for the detection of DNA based on an entropy-driven strand displacement reaction and DNAzyme.
Performance evaluation of enantioseparation materials based on chitosan isobutylurea derivatives
Authors: Zhang Gui-Hua , Liang Shuang , Tang Sheng , Chen Wei , Bai Zheng-Wu
Published: February 2019

Efficient resolution of chiral analytes was achieved using chiral stationary phases with chitosan isobutylurea derivatives as the chiral selector.
2D/2D heterojunction of Ti3C2/g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Su Tongming , Hood Zachary D. , Naguib Michael , Bai Lei , Luo Si , Rouleau Christopher M. , Ivanov Ilia N. , Ji Hongbing , Qin Zuzeng , Wu Zili
Published: February 2019

The separation of photogenerated carriers and photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency was greatly enhanced by the 2D/2D heterojunction of Ti3C2/g-C3N4.
Tailoring carbon nitride properties and photoactivity by interfacial engineering of hydrogen-bonded frameworks
Authors: Dolai Susmita , Barrio Jesús , Peng Guiming , Grafmüller Andrea , Shalom Menny
Published: February 2019

A simple, large-scale and template-free synthesis of highly photoactive carbon nitride (CN) with tunable morphology, surface area and photophysical properties as well as photocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation and clean hydrogen production is reported.
Controlled growth of imine-linked two-dimensional covalent organic framework nanoparticles
Authors: Li Rebecca L. , Flanders Nathan C. , Evans Austin M. , Ji Woojung , Castano Ioannina , Chen Lin X. , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Dichtel William R.
Published: February 2019

Highly crystalline, monodisperse, imine-linked covalent organic framework nanoparticles were obtained under Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed conditions and enlarged by a slow monomer addition technique that prevents secondary nucleation.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised (SUGAR) Measures for Identifying Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Pavelko Stacey L. , Owens Robert E.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the four Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised (SUGAR) metrics, including total number of words, mean length of utterance
SUGAR
, words per sentence, and clauses per sentence in differentiating children with language impairment (LI) from those with typical language development, and (b) to compare the average time to collect, transcribe, and analyze 50-utterance language samples for children with LI to those with typical language development.

Method

Participants were 306 children (LI, 36; typical language development, 270) who ranged in age from 3;0 (years;months) to 7;11. Fifty-utterance conversational language samples were obtained using a conversational protocol. The four SUGAR metrics were calculated from the samples.

Results

Cut scores of −1
SD
for mean length of utterance
SUGAR
and −1.25 cut score for clauses per sentence resulted in sensitivity of 97.22%, specificity of 82.96%, a positive likelihood ratio of 5.71, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.03. On average, it took a total time of 20:20 min (
SD
= 4:37, range: 13:11–30:25) to collect, transcribe, and analyze language samples for children with LI. Children with LI took significantly less time to produce 50 utterances, when compared to their typically developing peers. There were no significant differences in the time to transcribe and analyze language samples of children with LI compared to their typically developing peers.

Conclusions

The SUGAR metrics, in combination with other data sources (e.g., standardized testing, dynamic assessment, observation), can be used to identify preschool- and early elementary–aged children with LI. Furthermore, for children with LI, language sampling and analysis using the SUGAR method can be completed in approximately 20 min. The results of this study indicated the SUGAR measures can effectively and efficiently help in identifying LI.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7728638
Interprofessional Education: Application of Interprofessional Education Collaborative Core Competencies to School Settings
Authors: Ludwig Denise A. , Kerins Marie R.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Changes in both health care and education systems have placed a greater emphasis on collaboration among professionals engaged with both systems who serve populations of school-age children presenting with neurological conditions, developmental disability, or health needs. Interprofessional education (IPE) has been recognized as an essential component of preprofessional education of health care professionals. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative core competencies often used by preprofessional health care programs can be adapted for preprofessional preparation of individuals working in the education system.

Conclusion

This IPE framework is described revealing similarities and differences between health care settings and education settings and then applied to the special education process for school-based professionals. Implications for incorporating IPE outcomes into preprofessional preparation programs for school personnel are discussed.
Range‐based localisation of a wireless sensor network using Jaya algorithm
Authors: Manickam Meenalochani , Selvaraj Sudha
Published: February 2019

Node localisation plays a significant role in wireless sensor networks, as most of the applications require exact location of sensor nodes. To obtain the exact location of sensor nodes, a range‐based localisation method based on Jaya optimisation using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is proposed. The distance between the target node and the reference nodes is obtained from the measured RSSIs using regression‐based log normal shadowing model. Further, improvement in the localisation accuracy is accomplished by formulating the location of target node as an optimisation problem. Jaya optimisation algorithm is adopted, as it is parameter‐free and efficient. The Jaya algorithm is used for estimating the distance as well as the coordinates of the target node. The proposal is compared with particle swarm optimisation and validated through simulation and hardware experiments. The maximum localisation error using Jaya and particle swarm optimisation through simulation is observed to be 0.08 and 0.37 m, respectively. Real‐time experiments using Jaya algorithm exhibited the maximum localisation error of about 0.14 m for indoor environment and 0.3 m for outdoor environment. The results of the proposed methodology show significant improvement in terms of accuracy.
Robust estimation of voltage harmonics in a single‐phase system
Authors: Reza Md. Shamim , Ciobotaru Mihai , Hossain Md. Maruf , Agelidis Vassilios G.
Published: February 2019

A frequency adaptive technique relying on a linear Kalman filter (KF) is presented here for robust estimation of voltage harmonics under variable frequency conditions in a single‐phase system. A relatively simple frequency‐locked loop (FLL) is combined with the linear KF (LKF‐FLL) to achieve frequency adaptive ability and avoid the use of a non‐linear KF. In contrast to the non‐linear extended KF (EKF), the LKF‐FLL technique has several advantages such as robustness, linearity, simple tuning, having fewer states, requiring no derivative actions, while offering low complexity, excellent convergence, and computational efficiency. When compared to the non‐linear extended real KF, it can generate a faster dynamic response and more accurate steady‐state estimation of the harmonics under frequency variations. It can also provide an improved estimation for off‐nominal frequency conditions when compared to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) method. The effectiveness of the technique is verified by various simulated and real‐time experimental case studies.
Modelling and experimental validation of EM wave propagation due to PDs in XLPE cables
Authors: Joseph Jineeth , Eledath Rajeevan Anagha , Sindhu Thiruthi Krishnan
Published: February 2019

Monitoring of electromagnetic (EM) waves due to partial discharge (PD) is a promising tool for condition monitoring of cables. This study presents the development of a modelling scheme for simulation of EM wave propagation due to PDs occurring at cavities in the cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation. Simulation models for generation and propagation of PD pulses through the cable geometry are developed. A finite element method (FEM)‐based model is developed to simulate the PD current along cylindrical voids in the cable insulation. The initial fields due to the PD currents in the voids are simulated by an FEM model. The propagated EM fields inside and outside the cable surface due to PD's occurring inside the voids are analysed by a finite‐difference time‐domain model. The analysis of propagated EM fields due to a Gaussian‐shaped PD pulse identifies the dominant components of propagated electric and magnetic fields along the cable geometry. Furthermore, the propagated EM fields at the cable sheath due to different void dimensions are simulated and experimental validation of the propagated magnetic field is conducted with measurement by an high‐frequency current transformer sensor installed around an earth wire from the sheath of an 11 kV XLPE cable.
Gaia DR 2 and VLT/FLAMES search for new satellites of the LMC
Authors: Fritz T. K. , Carrera R. , Battaglia G. , Taibi S.
Published: February 2019

A wealth of tiny galactic systems populates the surroundings of the Milky Way. However, some of these objects might have originated as former satellites of the Magellanic Clouds, in particular of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Examples of the importance of understanding how many systems are genuine satellites of the Milky Way or the LMC are the implications that the number and luminosity-mass function of satellites around hosts of different mass have for dark matter theories and the treatment of baryonic physics in simulations of structure formation. Here we aim at deriving the bulk motions and estimates of the internal velocity dispersion and metallicity properties in four recently discovered distant southern dwarf galaxy candidates, Columba I, Reticulum III, Phoenix II, and Horologium II. We combined Gaia DR2 astrometric measurements, photometry, and new FLAMES/GIRAFFE intermediate-resolution spectroscopic data in the region of the near-IR Ca II triplet lines; this combination is essential for finding potential member stars in these low-luminosity systems. We find very likely member stars in all four satellites and are able to determine (or place limits on) the bulk motions and average internal properties of the systems. The systems are found to be very metal poor, in agreement with dwarf galaxies and dwarf galaxy candidates of similar luminosity. Of these four objects, we can only firmly place Phoenix II in the category of dwarf galaxies because of its resolved high velocity dispersion (9.5 −4.4+6.8 km s−1) and intrinsic metallicity spread (0.33 dex). For Columba I we also measure a clear metallicity spread. The orbital pole of Phoenix II is well constrained and close to that of the LMC, suggesting a prior association. The uncertainty on the orbital poles of the other systems is currently very large, so that an association cannot be excluded, except for Columba I. Using the numbers of potential former satellites of the LMC identified here and in the literature, we obtain for the LMC a dark matter mass of M200 = 1.9 −0.9+1.3 × 1011 M⊙.
Catalog of quasars from the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 3
Authors: Nakoneczny S. , Bilicki M. , Solarz A. , Pollo A. , Maddox N. , Spiniello C. , Brescia M. , Napolitano N. R.
Published: February 2019

We present a catalog of quasars selected from broad-band photometricugridata of the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 3 (KiDS DR3). The QSOs are identified by the random forest (RF) supervised machine learning model, trained on Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR14 spectroscopic data. We first cleaned the input KiDS data of entries with excessively noisy, missing or otherwise problematic measurements. Applying a feature importance analysis, we then tune the algorithm and identify in the KiDS multiband catalog the 17 most useful features for the classification, namely magnitudes, colors, magnitude ratios, and the stellarity index. We used the t-SNE algorithm to map the multidimensional photometric data onto 2D planes and compare the coverage of the training and inference sets. We limited the inference set tor <  22 to avoid extrapolation beyond the feature space covered by training, as the SDSS spectroscopic sample is considerably shallower than KiDS. This gives 3.4 million objects in the final inference sample, from which the random forest identified 190 000 quasar candidates. Accuracy of 97% (percentage of correctly classified objects), purity of 91% (percentage of true quasars within the objects classified as such), and completeness of 87% (detection ratio of all true quasars), as derived from a test set extracted from SDSS and not used in the training, are confirmed by comparison with external spectroscopic and photometric QSO catalogs overlapping with the KiDS footprint. The robustness of our results is strengthened by number counts of the quasar candidates in therband, as well as by their mid-infrared colors available from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). An analysis of parallaxes and proper motions of our QSO candidates found also inGaiaDR2 suggests that a probability cut ofpQSO >  0.8 is optimal for purity, whereaspQSO >  0.7 is preferable for better completeness. Our study presents the first comprehensive quasar selection from deep high-quality KiDS data and will serve as the basis for versatile studies of the QSO population detected by this survey.
Emotionale Entwicklung, Aggressionsregulation und herausforderndes Verhalten bei Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung
Authors: Böhm Julia , Dziobek Isabel , Sappok Tanja
Published: February 2019

Anliegen Ursachenanalyse von Verhaltensstörungen bei Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung (IM).

Methode Der Zusammenhang und der Einfluss des kognitiven und emotionalen Entwicklungsstands auf Verhaltensstörungen wurde mit Korrelations- und Regressionsanalysen bei 262 Erwachsenen mit IM und psychischer Erkrankung bzw. schweren Verhaltensstörungen untersucht.

Ergebnis Trotz der hohen Korrelation von kognitivem und emotionalen Entwicklungsstand fanden sich bei jedem 2. Patienten kognitiv-emotionale Entwicklungsdiskrepanzen. Die Schwere der Verhaltensstörungen war assoziiert mit einem niedrigeren emotionalen Entwicklungstand, insbesondere im Bereich der „Aggressionsregulation“.

Schlussfolgerung In der Ursachenabklärung von Verhaltensstörungen sollte auch der emotionale Entwicklungsstand erhoben werden.
Wir wollen uns selbst verwalten
Authors: Zergiebel Dominik
Published: February 2019

Die Welt verändert sich, neue Produkte und Techniken sind heute
selbstverständlich, neue Berufsbilder entstehen oder verändern sich. Die Pflege
verändert sich auch. Um den Herausforderungen einer älter werdenden Gesellschaft
und einer technisierten medizinischen Versorgung gerecht zu werden, entwickelt
sich der Pflegeberuf weiter. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil dieser Entwicklung ist
die Selbstverwaltung.
Normal Values of Hemoglobin Mass and Blood Volume in Young, Active Women and Men
Authors: Falz Roberto , Fikenzer Sven , Hoppe Stephan , Busse Martin
Published: February 2019

Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and total blood volume (BV) determine the oxygen content in the blood. Varying anthropometric values are used to standardize blood volume and Hbmass. The aim of this study was to create normal values and to evaluate an anthropometric reference for Hbmass and BV. One hundred healthy young subjects participated in this study (50 women: 20.9±2.0 yr; 50 men: 23.2±2.9 yr). The Hbmass was measured twice by using a CO rebreathing method. The BV was calculated from the Hbmass, Hb concentration and hematocrit values. The lean body mass (LBM) was measured by a bio-impedance analysis. Women had a significant lower Hbmass per kg LBM compared with that of men (13.6±1.3 g vs. 16.1±1.7 g; p<0.0001). The BV per kg LBM tended to be lower in women than in men (105.3±8.4 ml vs. 108.7±9.0 ml; p=0.0548). LBM had the best correlation with Hbmass (r=0.9274) and BV (0.9233) when considering the entire study group. Normal values of Hbmass and BV could be potentially useful for fluid management and contribute to the diagnosis of blood disorders. For normalization and assessment of measured BV and Hbmass, lean body mass should be prioritized in future studies instead of body weight or body surface area.
Effekte einer tiergestützten Intervention in der stationären psychiatrischen Suchtbehandlung – eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Uhlmann Carmen , Nauss Carmen , Worbs Anette , Pfund Ute , Schmid Petra
Published: February 2019

Anliegen Tiergestützte Interventionen sind in der stationären psychiatrischen Behandlung zunehmend beliebt. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie wurde untersucht, wie komorbid und chronisch erkrankte Patienten einer psychiatrischen Suchtstation die therapeutische Unterstützung durch den Einsatz eines Therapiehundes bewerten.

Methode Evaluation der Interventionsvariable „Therapiehund“ in einer prospektiven Studie mit Ein-Gruppen-Prä-Post-Design im naturalistischen Setting. Im Prä-Zeitraum ohne Therapiehund wurden 50 Patienten, im Post-Zeitraum 52 Patienten, mittels Fragebogen zu den Themenfeldern soziale Interaktion / Stationserleben, emotionale Kompetenzen und suchtpathologisches Verhalten befragt.

Ergebnisse In den Themenbereichen soziale Interaktion / Stationserleben und Emotionalität unterscheiden sich die Patienten zu den beiden Messzeitpunkten hochsignifikant zu Gunsten der tiergestützten Intervention. Auch die Häufigkeit des Zigarettenrauchens und der Umgang mit Suchtdruck nahmen in dieser Gruppe signifikant ab. Die Effektstärken lagen im mittlerem bis hohem Bereich.

Schlussfolgerung Patienten beurteilen den Einsatz eines Therapiehundes auf einer Suchstation als sehr positiv. Das Stationsklima wird angenehmer erlebt und die Patienten sehen eher die Möglichkeit der Veränderung des Erlebens und Verhaltens in Bezug auf soziale und emotionale Kompetenzen. Auch zeigten sich positive Veränderungen in suchtpathologischem Verhalten, wie Zigarettenkonsum und Umgang mit Suchtdruck.
Electronic Health Record Adoption and Nurse Reports of Usability and Quality of Care: The Role of Work Environment
Authors: Kutney-Lee Ann , Sloane Douglas , Bowles Kathryn , Burns Lawton , Aiken Linda
Published: February 2019

Background Despite evidence suggesting higher quality and safer care in hospitals with comprehensive electronic health record (EHR) systems, factors related to advanced system usability remain largely unknown, particularly among nurses. Little empirical research has examined sociotechnical factors, such as the work environment, that may shape the relationship between advanced EHR adoption and quality of care.

Objective The objective of this study was to examine the independent and joint effects of comprehensive EHR adoption and the hospital work environment on nurse reports of EHR usability and nurse-reported quality of care and safety.

Methods This study was a secondary analysis of nurse and hospital survey data. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between EHR adoption level, work environment, and a set of EHR usability and quality/safety outcomes. The sample included 12,377 nurses working in 353 hospitals.

Results In fully adjusted models, comprehensive EHR adoption was associated with lower odds of nurses reporting poor usability outcomes, such as dissatisfaction with the system (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.92). The work environment was associated with all usability outcomes with nurses in better environments being less likely to report negatively. Comprehensive EHRs (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71–0.96) and better work environments (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.42–0.52) were associated with lower odds of nurses reporting fair/poor quality of care, while poor patient safety grade was associated with the work environment (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.46–0.54), but not EHR adoption level.

Conclusion Our findings suggest that adoption of a comprehensive EHR is associated with more positive usability ratings and higher quality of care. We also found that—independent of EHR adoption level—the hospital work environment plays a significant role in how nurses evaluate EHR usability and whether EHRs have their intended effects on improving quality and safety of care.
Salvage Therapy for Local Progression following Definitive Therapy for Skull Base Chordomas: Is There a Role of Stereotactic Radiosurgery?
Authors: Evans Linton T. , DeMonte Franco , Grosshans David R. , Ghia Amol J. , Habib Ahmed , Raza Shaan M.
Published: February 2019

Objective The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with improved tumor control at individual sites of recurrence and to define the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of local or distant progression following prior radiotherapy.

Study Design Clinical data of patients with recurrent skull base chordoma following prior radiotherapy were retrospectively reviewed.

Setting and Participants This is a single-center retrospective study including 16 patients from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas, United States.

Main Outcome Measures Each site of recurrence was considered independently, and the primary outcome was freedom from treatment site progression (FFTSP).

Results There were 40 episodes of either local or distant progression treated in 16 patients with skull base chordoma. Tumor recurrence was classified as either local, distant, or both local and distant involving the skull base, spinal column, or leptomeninges. Patients were treated with repeat surgical resection (n = 16), SRS (n = 21), or chemotherapy (n = 25). In multivariate analysis, SRS was the only treatment modality associated with improved FFTSP (p = 0.006). For tumors treated with SRS, there was no evidence of tumor progression or adverse radiation events. Other factors associated with worse FFTSP included the number of progressive episodes (>3), tumor histology, and leptomeningeal disease.

Conclusions For local recurrence following prior radiotherapy, SRS was associated with improved FFTSP. SRS may represent an effective palliative treatment offering durable tumor control at the treated site without significant treatment-related morbidity.
Active acoustic metamaterial with tunable effective density using a disturbance rejection controller
Authors: Baz Amr
Published: February 2019

A class of active acoustic metamaterials (AAMMs) is developed with desirable controlled distributions of effective dynamic densities. The proposed AAMM consists of an array of acoustic cavities separated by piezoelectric boundaries and arranged to form a one-dimensional wave guide. The stiffness of the flexible piezoelectric boundaries is controlled to generate desirable density distribution along the wave guide. In this paper, a disturbance rejection control strategy is formulated to achieve a closed-loop control of the effective density of this class of acoustic metamaterials while rejecting the effect of the wave pressure disturbances. The time response characteristics of a unit cell of the AAMM are investigated for various parameters of the controller in order to demonstrate the merits of the proposed controller. A natural extension of this work is to include active control capabilities to control also the bulk modulus distribution along the metamaterial in order to build practical configurations of acoustic cloaks.
Impact of the stacking sequence on the bandgap and luminescence properties of bulk, bilayer, and monolayer hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Mengle K. A. , Kioupakis E.
Published: February 2019

We examine the effects of stacking sequence and number of layers on the electronic and luminescence properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) structures with first-principles calculations based on density functional and many-body perturbation theory. We explored the variations of the magnitude and character (direct or indirect) of the quasiparticle bandgap and interband optical matrix elements for bulk, bilayer, and monolayer stacking polytypes. Although the fundamental gap for most structures is indirect, phonon-assisted transitions are strong (typically 600 times stronger than bulk Si) and enable efficient deep-ultraviolet (UV) luminescence. The polarization of the emitted light is transverse electric, which facilitates light extraction perpendicularly to the h-BN basal plane. Random stacking in turbostratic BN breaks the crystal symmetry and enables optical transitions across the quasi-direct bandgap, albeit with a weak matrix element. Our results demonstrate that h-BN is a promising material for efficient deep-UV light emitters.
Different functions of biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 3 subunit 1 (Hps1) and adaptor-related protein complex 3, beta 1 subunit (Ap3b1) genes on spermatogenesis and male fertility
Authors: Jing Renwei , Zhang Haiqing , Kong Yu , Li Kailin , Dong Xuan , Yan Jie , Han Jia , Feng Lijun
Published: February 2019

Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder in humans and mice. Pale ear (ep) and pearl (pe) mice, bearing mutations in the biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 3 subunit 1 (Hps1) and adaptor-related protein complex 3, beta 1 subunit (Ap3b1) genes respectively, are mouse models of human HPS Type 1 (HPS1) and Type 2 (HPS2) respectively. In the present study we investigated and compared the reduced fertilities of ep and pe male mice. Both ep and pe males exhibited lower abilities to impregnate C57BL/6J (B6) females, and B6 females mated with ep males produced smaller litters than those mated with pe males. Delayed testis development, reduced sperm count and lower testosterone concentrations were observed in the pe but not ep male mice. However, the reduction in sperm motility was greater in ep than pe males, likely due to the mitochondrial and fibrous sheath abnormalities observed by electron microscopy in the sperm tails of ep males. Together, the results indicate that the Hps1 and Ap3b1 genes play distinct roles in male reproductive system development and spermatogenesis in mice, even though ep and pe males share common phenotypes, including reduced lysosomes in Sertoli cells and dislocated Zn2+ in sperm heads.
Film Noir: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Naremore James
Published: February 2019

Film noir is usually associated with a series of darkly seductive Hollywood thrillers from the 1940s and 1950s—shadowy, black-and-white pictures about private eyes, femme fatales, outlaw lovers, criminal heists, corrupt police, and doomed or endangered outsiders. But Film Noir: A Very Short Introduction demonstrates that the genre has much earlier origins and is more international in scope. The key themes and styles of film noir are discussed along with some of the most iconic film noirs, exploring important aspects of their history and ongoing influence: their critical reception, major literary sources, methods of dealing with censorship and budgets, social and cultural politics, variety of styles, and future in a world of digital media and video streaming.
6. The afterlife of noir
Authors: Naremore James
Published: February 2019

Noir continues to be an unusually flexible, pervasive, and durable mood or narrative tendency, embracing different media and different national cultures. Its moods and imagery have been appropriated across the range of filmmaking practice. Will film noir—or indeed any film—survive in the decades to come? ‘The afterlife of noir’ explains that feature-length noir hasn’t disappeared, but the new digital media environment may impact the genre. It considers the problems with creating lists of film noirs and sub-categorization. Depending on how we use the term noir, we can make it stand for a dead period, a nostalgia for something that never quite existed, or an ongoing form.
1. ‘Who am I?’ Identity in philosophy
Authors: Coulmas Florian
Published: February 2019

The question of how consciousness and self-awareness connect with personal identity has accompanied philosophy since antiquity. Sages of diverse orientations have put forth various elaborate answers, showing among other things that self-awareness is more than just being conscious. The ensouled matter of the self-conscious brain still poses deeply puzzling questions about individual identity, and nowadays the new reality of anthropo-technology once again poses the question how we can know about ourselves. ‘ “Who am I?” Identity in philosophy’ considers the concept of identity in philosophy through time and the mind–body problem. It also discusses empiricist reductionism, mentalist essentialism, ordinary language analysis, and interactionism.
8. Selfhood and personality
Authors: Coulmas Florian
Published: February 2019

‘Selfhood and personality: the psychology of identity’ considers how psychology deals with the question ‘Who am I?’. Rather than a fixed state, personal identity is an ongoing project. The individual forms his or her identity by identifying with someone or something. Individuals who are unable to reconcile competing personal and social demands may suffer an identity crisis, an experience once associated with adolescence, which, however, in recent decades has been linked to mental troubles in adult life stages, too. Personal identity is something we are, something we have, and something we act. We perform acts of identity following culture-specific stage directions that leave room for individual expressivity.
The ancient and medieval garden
Authors: Campbell Gordon
Published: February 2019

‘The ancient and medieval garden’ considers the earliest documented gardens from around the world. It begins with the gardens of the Near East and eastern Mediterranean, such as the gardens of the Assyrian kings, Sennacherib and Ashurbanipal, at Nineveh; the villa gardens of Greece and Rome; the ancient gardens of South Asia, including Sigiriya, a Buddhist site in central Sri Lanka; medieval European gardens; the gardens of the Byzantium Empire, which provided the link between the Roman garden and the Islamic garden; and the Mayan, Aztec, and Inca gardens of Central and South America. It explains how gardens and their plants were early players in the process of globalization.
Postscript: the future history of the garden
Authors: Campbell Gordon
Published: February 2019

Planting and garden design have never stood still, in part because fashions change, but also because of external factors. The most conspicuous fashion in recent decades has been the rise of organic gardening, a movement originating in the 1920s, which aspires to sustainability achieved by a synergy with natural systems of soil enrichment and pest and disease control. Another driver of change is the reduction in biodiversity. The Postscript considers the likely impact of climate change on garden design and suggests gardens will continue to evolve, as they have since remote antiquity. Garden design will adapt to changing conditions, but gardens will continue to provide havens of beauty and respite for the weary.
Long-term outcomes of patients undergoing tricuspid valve surgery†
Authors: Saran Nishant , Dearani Joseph A , Said Sameh M , Greason Kevin L , Pochettino Alberto , Stulak John M , Maltais Simon , Cicek Sertac , Crestanello Juan , Daly Richard C , King Katherine S , Schaff Hartzell V
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES

Limited literature is available on the best management strategy for tricuspid valve (TV) disease in adults. We sought to review our long-term outcomes of TV surgery with regard to survival and reoperation.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of all patients ≥18 years of age [n = 2541, aged 67 ± 13years, 1433 (56%) females] who underwent first-time TV surgery between January 1993 and December 2013 was done. There were 1735 patients who received TV repair and 806 patients underwent replacement. A gradient boosting machine model was used to derive a propensity score for predicting replacement using 27 preoperative characteristics. Four hundred and eighteen propensity-matched pairs of TV repair and replacement were identified. Cox proportional hazard regression was used on the matched subset to determine the effect of replacement.

RESULTS

Functional TV regurgitation was present in 54% (n = 1369). A bioprosthesis was used in 84% (n = 680) of replacements, while 54% (n = 934) of TV repairs were ring annuloplasties. Operative mortality was 8% (n = 212). Overall survival was 54%, 29% and 13% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. After propensity score matching, replacement was significantly associated with increased mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–2.00; P = 0.001]. The cumulative incidence of TV reoperation was similar between the 2 groups when accounting for the competing risk of death [Fine–Gray HR 1.56, 95% CI 0.9–2.8; P = 0.144].

CONCLUSIONS

TV surgery is associated with poor outcomes due to multiple patient comorbidities. TV repair results in better survival compared to replacement in patients with similar comorbidities with no increased risk of getting a reoperation.
New Drugs 2019, part 1
Authors: Hussar Daniel A.
Published: February 2019

This article reviews seven drugs recently approved by the FDA, including indications, precautions, adverse reactions, and nursing considerations.
Quality of Life and Lung Function in Survivors of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Grasselli Giacomo , Scaravilli Vittorio , Tubiolo Daniela , Russo Riccarda , Crimella Francesco , Bichi Francesca , Corinna Morlacchi Letizia , Scotti Eleonora , Patrini Lorenzo , Gattinoni Luciano , Pesenti Antonio , Chiumello Davide
Published: February 2019

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background

Survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have long-term impairment of pulmonary function and health-related quality of life, but little is known of outcomes of ARDS survivors treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The aim of this study was to compare long-term outcomes of ARDS patients treated with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Methods

A prospective, observational study of adults with ARDS (January 2013 to December 2015) was conducted at a single center. One year after discharge, survivors underwent pulmonary function tests, computed tomography of the chest, and health-related quality-of-life questionnaires.

Results

Eighty-four patients (34 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 50 non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) were studied; both groups had similar characteristics at baseline, but comorbidity was more common in non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (23 of 50 vs. 4 of 34, 46% vs. 12%, P < 0.001), and severity of hypoxemia was greater in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (median Pao
2/Fio2
72 [interquartile range, 50 to 103] vs. 114 [87 to 133] mm Hg, P < 0.001) and respiratory compliance worse. At 1 yr, survival was similar (22/33 vs. 28/47, 66% vs. 59%; P = 0.52), and pulmonary function and computed tomography were almost normal in both groups. Non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients had lower health-related quality-of-life scores and higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Conclusions

Despite more severe respiratory failure at admission, 1-yr survival of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients was not different from that of non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients; each group had almost full recovery of lung function, but non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients had greater impairment of health-related quality of life.
Preload Dependence Is Associated with Reduced Sublingual Microcirculation during Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Bouattour Karim , Teboul Jean-Louis , Varin Laurent , Vicaut Eric , Duranteau Jacques
Published: February 2019

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background

Dynamic indices, such as pulse pressure variation, detect preload dependence and are used to predict fluid responsiveness. The behavior of sublingual microcirculation during preload dependence is unknown during major abdominal surgery. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that during abdominal surgery, microvascular perfusion is impaired during preload dependence and recovers after fluid administration.

Methods

This prospective observational study included patients having major abdominal surgery. Pulse pressure variation was used to identify preload dependence. A fluid challenge was performed when pulse pressure variation was greater than 13%. Macrocirculation variables (mean arterial pressure, heart rate, stroke volume index, and pulse pressure variation) and sublingual microcirculation variables (perfused vessel density, microvascular flow index, proportion of perfused vessels, and flow heterogeneity index) were recorded every 10 min.

Results

In 17 patients, who contributed 32 preload dependence episodes, the occurrence of preload dependence during major abdominal surgery was associated with a decrease in mean arterial pressure (72 ± 9 vs. 83 ± 15 mmHg [mean ± SD]; P = 0.016) and stroke volume index (36 ± 8 vs. 43 ± 8 ml/m2; P < 0.001) with a concomitant decrease in microvascular flow index (median [interquartile range], 2.33 [1.81, 2.75] vs. 2.84 [2.56, 2.88]; P = 0.009) and perfused vessel density (14.9 [12.0, 16.4] vs. 16.1 mm/mm2 [14.7, 21.4], P = 0.009), while heterogeneity index was increased from 0.2 (0.2, 0.4) to 0.5 (0.4, 0.7; P = 0.001). After fluid challenge, all microvascular parameters and the stroke volume index improved, while mean arterial pressure and heart rate remained unchanged.

Conclusions

Preload dependence was associated with reduced sublingual microcirculation during major abdominal surgery. Fluid administration successfully restored microvascular perfusion.
An alternative to plaster cast treatment in a pediatric trauma center using the CAD/CAM technology to manufacture customized three-dimensional-printed orthoses in a totally hospital context: a feasibility study
Authors: Guida Pasquale , Casaburi Antonio , Busiello Teresa , Lamberti Daniela , Sorrentino Antonio , Iuppariello Luigi , D’Albore Marietta , Colella Francesco , Clemente Fabrizio
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to implement the clinical use of the three-dimensional (3D) design and printing technology in pediatric pathologies requiring immobilization. We describe the manufacturing process of the 3D device in place of the plaster cast usually applied to a child 48/72 h after the access to the Trauma Center Traumatology Hub. This procedure had already been performed at Level II, Trauma Center, Campania Region, Orthopaedic Division of Santobono Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy. The operative phase was performed by two 3D printers and a scanner in the bioengineering laboratory of the hospital’s outpatient area. The phase of software elaboration requires close cooperation among physicians and engineers. We decided to use a model with a double-shell design and holes varying in width to ensure complete ventilation and lightness of the device. We chose to treat nondisplaced metaphyseal distal fractures of the radius in 18 patients enrolled from January 2017 to November 2017. The flow chart includes clinical and radiological examinations of every enrolled child, collecting information required by the program and its elaboration by bioengineers, and then transfer of the results to 3D printers. The child, immobilized by a temporary splint, wore his 3D device after 12/24 h. Then, he underwent serial check-ups in which the effectiveness and appropriateness of the treatment were clinically monitored and evaluated using subjective scales: visual analogue scale and patient-rated wrist evaluation. All the fractures consolidated both radiologically and clinically after the treatment, with no complications reported. Only one partial breakage of the device happened because of an accidental fall. The statistical analysis of the visual analogue scale and patient-rated wrist evaluation data shows that children’s activities of everyday life improved during the immobilization thanks to this treatment. This first study shows that using a 3D device instead of a traditional plaster cast can be an effective alternative approach in the treatment of pediatric nondisplaced metaphyseal distal radius fractures, with high overall patient satisfaction. We believe that 3D technology could be extended to the treatment of more complex fractures; this will be the subject of our second study.
Retained foreign objects in casts in children
Authors: Hui Min Cheng Gloria , Jia-Yi Shi Claris , Jia Ying Lee Beatrice , Lim Kevin Boon Leong
Published: February 2019

Cast immobilization is a noninvasive and effective option in the treatment of fractures in children. However, its use can be associated with complications, such as pressure sores, skin infections, thermal injuries, and joint stiffness. In clinical practice, retained foreign objects in casts are not uncommon. This study aims to ascertain reasons for foreign objects being retained in casts and their effects on the skin. Eighteen children with retained foreign objects in their casts were identified and interviewed. Patient demographics, type of fracture and cast applied, nature of foreign body, and medical complications caused directly by the foreign object were also recorded for analysis. The foreign objects retained included coins, stationery, toy parts, cutlery, and hygiene items. The most common reason for their retention was to relieve itch, followed by accidental insertion and deliberate play. More than half of the children did not suffer complications, and the rest were all skin complications, with the most severe one being an infected skin ulcer that required oral antibiotics. Although the complications of retained foreign bodies are limited to the skin, they can worsen with delayed treatment. Cast care and itch reduction advice must be clearly communicated to patients and their caregivers. Foreign objects in casts must be emergently removed. Level of Evidence: Level 4 Evidence.
Increased acute postoperative wound problems following spinal fusion in overweight patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Snowden Ryan D. , Prusick Vincent W. , Oeffinger Donna J. , Iwinski Henry J. , Muchow Ryan D.
Published: February 2019

This study assessed the rate of adverse wound events in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who underwent a posterior spinal fusion and sought to determine if obesity was related to the rate of adverse wound events. A retrospective review of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that underwent posterior spinal fusion between 2001 and 2013 was performed. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data, including wound adverse events, were obtained through medical record review. Using the Center for Disease Control BMI criteria, participants were grouped into overweight/obese (BMI%≥85 percentile) or healthy/underweight (BMI%<85 percentile) groups. Obesity and prolonged hospital stay were independent risk factors for increased risk of wound problems.