bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penyebab Kematian Maternal di Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Nataria Desti , Husin Farid , Hidayat Yudi M , Sismayadi Dodi , Sukandar Hadyana , Wirakusumah Firman F
Published: March 2020

Kematian maternal merupakan indikator yang menggambarkan status kesehatan wanita dan sebagian besar merupakan kematian yang dapat dicegah. Kematian maternal di Kabupaten Cirebon mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2014?2015 yaitu dari 49 menjadi 53 kasus. Dibutuhkan data kematian yang lengkap untuk mengkaji penyebab kematian. Pengkajian yang tepat memberikan masukan perbaikan penanganan dan pembuatan kebijakan pada masa mendatang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengeksplorasi faktor penyebab kematian maternal. Desain penelitian menggunakan sequensial explanatory mixed method. Tahap pertama pengambilan data kuantitatif terhadap 53 data OVM, RMM, dan RMMP, serta rekapitulasi laporan kematian maternal tahun 2015, kemudian dilanjutkan pengambilan data kualitatif melalui indepth interview yang dilakukan pada keluarga (suami/ibu/orang tua/mertua/saudara kandung perempuan) dari ibu yang mengalami kematian, tenaga kesehatan yang terkait dengan kematian maternal, dan penanggungjawab pencatatan dan pelaporan kematian maternal di dinas kesehatan, fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, dinas kependudukan dan catatan sipil/dinas pemakaman. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Cirebon pada Bulan Oktober-November 2016. Seluruh kematian maternal telah tercatat dan terlaporkan. Sebagian besarnya merupakan kematian maternal dapat dicegah yang disebabkan oleh multifaktor diantaranya faktor pasien, tenaga kesehatan, dan rujukan 37,5%; faktor pasien dan tenaga kesehatan 29,2%; faktor pasien, sarana prasarana, dan rujukan 14,5%; faktor tenaga kesehatan dan rujukan 8,3%; faktor sarana dan rujukan 6,3%; serta faktor pasien, tenaga kesehatan, sarana prasarana, dan rujukan 4,2%. Kematian maternal yang dapat dicegah disebabkan oleh kontribusi banyak faktor yang saling berkaitan sehingga untuk menurunkan kematian maternal dibutuhkan komitmen dan kerjasama lintas program dan lintas sektoral.
The Effectiveness Of The Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica Papaya L) On The Growth Of Epidermidic Staphylococcus Bacteria
Authors: Manurung Charles , Loeslim Melysa , Tarigan Setia Budi
Published: March 2020

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness test of papaya leaf extract with a concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% and 100% against staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram-positive bacterium in the form of cocci and is harmful to humans. This research was conducted with an experimental method with a post-test only design and sampling with a purposive sampling method. The investigation of the effectiveness of papaya leaf extract against staphylococcus epidermidis was done by diffusion using paper discs, namely by calculating the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone of paper discs that have been moistened with papaya leaf extract. The results of this study were analyzed out with the One-Way ANOVA test followed by the Post Hoc Test. The test showed that there were significant differences from each treatment given with a 95% confidence index. The bacteria treated with papaya leaf extract 100% against staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest average inhibitory zone power compared to other concentrations of 14.97 mm. The papaya leaf extract 100% has the best antibacterial effect compared to other concentrations because the best inhibitory zone power is found on those extract concentrations.
Perbandingan Kualitas Layanan Dua Aplikasi Transportasi Online Menggunakan Metode Servqual
Authors: Sihotang Fransiska Prihatini
Published: March 2020

Internet sudah menjadi hal yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh sebagian besar masyarakat di Indonesia. Penggunaan internet saat ini bukan hanya sekedar untuk membantu pekerjaan, tetapi bahkan menjadi gaya hidup seperti mengakses berita, menggunakan media sosial,  belanja online, bahkan untuk menggunakan layanan transportasi online. Saat ini sudah sangat banyak perusahaan yang menyediakan jasa layanan berbasis aplikasi online yang menyebabkan persaingan antar perusahaan. Untuk menjaga kesetiaan pelanggan, perusahaan harus dapat memastikan bahwa layanan aplikasi yang diberikan lebih tinggi atau setidaknya sama dengan persepsi pelanggan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengukuran kualitas layanan aplikasi transportasi online di Indonesia. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kualitas layanan aplikasi yang diberikan oleh PT ABC dan XYZ Pte. Ltd. sudah sesuai dengan harapan pelanggan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis Servqual yang memiliki lima dimensi pengukuran yaitu tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, dan emphaty. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa aplikasi yang dimiliki oleh PT ABC dan XYZ Pte. Ltd. belum memberikan kualitas layanan yang sesuai dengan harapan pelanggan karena semua dimensi pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa harapan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan persepsi pelanggan. Dimensi assurance pada kedua aplikasi yang diteliti memiliki gap yang berada pada urutan dua teratas paling besar pada hasil analisis data yang dilakukan. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pelanggan mengharapkan keamanan yang tinggi dari kedua aplikasi tapi belum bisa dipenuhi oleh perusahaan penyedia aplikasi.
Pembangunan Daftar Kata Terkait pada Kosa Kata Al-Qur'an Berdasarkan Kesamaan Distribusiaonal
Authors: Guntara Fedy Fahron
Published: March 2020

Al-Qur'an adalah kitab suci umat Islam yang mengandung banyak kata di dalamnya. Hal tersebut membuat orang awam kesulitan untuk menemukan keterkaitan antar kata yang ada didalam Al-Qur'an. Contohnya seperti kata مَّعْرُوف yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan kata عَفَا  karena dalam Al-Quran kedua kata tersebut sering dalam satu ayat dan juga kedua kata tersebut memiliki keterkaitan dalam makna yaitu memafkan adalah salah satu perbuatan baik. Saat ini belum terdapat sebuah kamus , ensiklopedia atau tesaurus kosa kata Al-Qur'an yang menjelaskan tentang keterkaitan antar kata dalam Al-Qur'an. Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang keterkaitan antar kata dalam Al-Qur'an dan kedepannya dapat membantu dalam mencari keterkaitan antar ayat. Motode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode dengan pendekatan kesamaan distribusianal berbasis vektor Continuous Bag of Word (CBOW). Penggunaan metode CBOW menghasilkan nilai precision sebesar 98% berdasarkan dari hasil keluaran sistem dengan koreksi dari ahli bahasa.
Analisis Sentimen Review Film Berbahasa Inggris Dengan Pendekatan Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers
Authors: Putri Cindy Alifia
Published: March 2020

Sentimen Analisis adalah proses analisis terhadap suatu pendapat atau sikap seseorang. Sentimen analisis digunakan untuk mendapatkan suatu hasil analisa terhadap berbagai macam pendapat atau sikap seseorang dalam memberikan komentar atau opininya. Pada penelitian ini, penulis melakukan klasifikasi sentiment analysis terhadap review film dengan menggunakan Dataset cornell edu dari pabo untuk movie review dengan proses klasifikasi menggunakan algoritma Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) yang dilakukan fine tuning dengan beberapa layer untuk klasifikasi. Dari penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil akurasi yang dihitung dengan sparse categorical cross entropy sebesar 73%.
Pemilihan Guru Terbaik, MPE, con Implementasi Metode Perbandingan Eksponensial (MPE) dalam Pemilihan Guru Terbaik di SMK XYZ
Authors: Setiawan Wawan
Published: March 2020

Pemilihan Guru terbaik secara berkesinambungan merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk menentukan guru yang aktif dan berprestasi, serta untuk bahan evaluasi dan meningkatkan kualitas Guru. Dalam Pemilihan Guru terbaik di SMK XYZ masih secara manual dan tidak menggunakan acuan kriteria yang baku, sehingga mengakibatkan acuan standar dalam memberikan penilaian menjadi tidak jelas. Selain itu, dengan tidak adanya metode perangkingan atau perhitungan yang baku maka hasilnya tidak konsisten. Untuk membuat penilaian yang bersifat konsisten dan objektif harus menggunakan acuan kriteria dan metode untuk perangkingan alternatif yang baku. Peneliti dalam pengumpulan data melalui observesi, wawancara, dokumentasi, studi literature dan kuisioner. Peneliti menggunakan Metode Perbandingan Eksponensial (MPE) untuk algoritma perhitungan atau perangkingan alternatif. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tingkat Accuracy dengan teknik confusion metrix pada pemilihan Guru terbaik, diperoleh tingakt accuracy sebesar 100% dan berdasarkan hasil pengujian terhadap system yang sudah dibuat menggunakan  model Unified Theory of acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), diperoleh nilai sebesar 91,76%, sehingga system yang sudah dibangun layak untuk digunakan. Sistem yang dibuat dapat mendukung mempercepat dalam membuat keputusan, dapat mengurangi human error dan bersifat objektif dengan acuan kriteria dan bobot yang baku.
边疆的文化治理体系和治理能力现代化
Authors: 熊 英
Published: March 2020

对边疆的文化治理体系和治理能力的探讨属于新领域，视角独特，有很强的实践应用价值功能，是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部份，是全面深化改革的内在要求。中国应建构一套适应边疆的文化治理模式，提升边疆在国家发展战略下的地位和作用，发挥边疆文化治理的效能，提升边疆治理的水平，实现边疆的繁荣发展与稳定安全。
Motivasi Bermain Game dan Mediasi Orangtua dengan Kecenderungan Adiksi Video Game pada Anak
Authors: Adwitiya Asti , Wimbarti Supra
Published: March 2020

Adiksi video game menjadi perhatian para peneliti di dunia, ditandai munculnya adiksi video game dalam DSM 5 sebagai internet gaming disorder. Namun kebanyakan penelitian tersebut masih berfokus pada remaja meski saat ini, mayoritas anak-anak juga sudah bermain video game dengan berbagai tingkatan motivasi yang melatarbelakanginya. Orangtua sebagai pihak yang memfasilitasi anak dengan perangkat untuk bermain game perlu memediasi interaksi anak dengan game yang dimainkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi bermain video game dan mediasi orangtua terhadap kecenderungan adiksi video game. Penelitian ini melibatkan 233 anak berusia 9-12 tahun (110 laki-laki ; 123 perempuan).. Analisis jalur yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa mediasi gatekeeping menjadi moderator hubungan antara motivasi bermain dengan kecenderungan adiksi video game.
Peran Self Disclosure terhadap Resiliensi pada Remaja di Panti Asuhan
Authors: Ester Ester , Atrizka Diny , Putra Achmad Irfan Dwi
Published: March 2020

Remaja di panti asuhan dihadapkan pada berbagai resiko dan tekanan yang berdampak pada psikologisnya. Remaja yang mengalami tekanan cukup sulit untuk mengendalikan diri dari masalah yang terjadi disebabkan karena diusia remaja yang masih tergolong labil serta suasana hati yang mudah berubah-ubah. Resiliensi harus dimiliki oleh remaja di panti asuhan agar mereka mampu bertahan dalam menghadapi kesulitan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara self disclosure dengan resiliensi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 90 remaja (58 laki-laki dan 32 perempuan). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan teknik Pearson Product Moment Correlation menunjukkan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,678 dengan p = 0,000 (p< 0,05) yang berati adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara self disclosure dengan resiliensi pada remaja panti asuhan.
The Work Engagement ditinjau dari Organizational Climate pada Karyawan
Authors: Sembiring Irene Clarissa , Manurung Yulinda S , Akmal Mukhaira El
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Organizational Climate dengan work engagement. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini karyawan PT Taman Pesona Indo sebanyak 100 orang (72 laki-laki dan 28 perempuan). Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala Organizational Climate dan skala work engagement. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,527 (p<0,05) dan menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif antara Organizational Climate dengan work engagement. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sumbangan yang diberikan Organizational Climate terhadap work engagement  adalah sebesar 27,8 persen, hal ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara variabel organizational climate dengan work engagement pada karyawan.
Intensitas Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram dengan Gaya Hidup Hedonis Pada Remaja Di Pekanbaru
Authors: Ningsih Sri Wahyu , Putra Ardian Adi
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial instagram dengan gaya hidup hedonis pada remaja di Pekanbaru. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 300 orang dengan usia 12-24 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik accidental sampling serta menggunakan dua skala psikologi yaitu skala intensitas penggunaan media sosial instagram dan skala gaya hidup hedonis. Pengujian hipotesis menggunaan analisis korelasi Pearson Product Moment.  Hasil koefisien korelasi menghasilkan r = 0,844 dengan taraf signifikansi p = 0,000 (p < 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial instagram dengan gaya hidup hedonis pada remaja di Pekanbaru. Intensitas penggunaan media sosial instagram yang tinggi akan meningkatkan gaya hidup hedonis pada remaja, begitu pula sebaliknya. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan remaja di Pekanbaru memiliki intensitas penggunaan media sosial instagram dan gaya hidup hedonis yang tergolong sedang. Intensitas penggunaan media sosial instagram memberikan sumbangan efektif pada gaya hidup hedonis sebesar 71,3 %, sedangkan 28,7% sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak peneliti teliti.
Kontrol diri terhadap Cybersex pada Remaja
Authors: Hani Ummu , Hartati Rini , Aiyuda Nurul
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kontrol diri dengan perilaku cybersex pada remaja di Pekanbaru. Penelitian dilakukan di kota Pekanbaru dengan jumlah subjek 211 remaja (104 laki-laki-107 perempuan). Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling kuota. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini skala kontrol diri dan perilaku cybersex. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi non-parametrik Spearman’s Rho dengan nilai signifikan -0,292** (p<0,01). Hal ini menunjukkan hipotesis diterima dengan adanya hubungan negatif antara kontrol diri dengan perilaku cybersex pada remaja di Pekanbaru. Semakin tinggi kontrol maka, semakin rendah perlikau cybersex pada remaja Pekanbaru. Sebaliknya semakin rendah kontrol diri maka semakin tinggi perilaku cybersex remaja di Pekanbaru.
The Blood is Ḥarām : A critical Review of Halal Industry’s Standard, Based on the Qur’ānic Criterion
Authors: Al Husaini Syed Arif Ali Shah , Muhammad Ishaq
Published: March 2020

Healthy nourishment depends on healthy food. General consideration of people is of being the food safe and edible for human consumption not its effect on their spiritual selves but the Islamic terms Ḥalāl and Ḥarām emphasis on both physical and internal safety. Islam commands to avoid doubtful and dubious things rather than to use Ḥarām. The unprecedented evolution and advancement of science and technology caused a revolution in the food-science and technology as well. Many new and innovative flavors etc. took place of organic and natural consumables. Accordingly, the Muslims were in dire need of a robust system which would be able to convince them of the Ḥalāl status of the daily consumables. The article investigates the Sharī’ah stand on the issue of blood in the light of Qur’ān, Sunnah and comparative jurisprudence study, and modern sciences related to blood. Keeping in mind the Globalized Halal Industry all the researched is coupled with combined comparative study of all Schools of Islamic Fiqh, to make easy the way of Unified Halaal Standard regarding the blood. Under the main title The paper comprises subtopics of an introduction and few chapters, which deal with definition and functions of blood, types of blood, difference between blood of aquatic and land animals, comparative study of modern sciences related to blood and Shariah status of use of the blood in various industries in term of Halal and Haram.
A Comparative Study of “Fetus” in the Contemporary & Islamic Shari’ah Perspective
Authors: Khan Janas , Najm ul Hasan  , Badshah Rehman
Published: March 2020

Allah (SWT) dignified human beings among all the creatures and made these (creatures) all subjugated to men. Allah says in the Holy Qur’ān: (He is such a Lord who has created all the things in the universe for you). The beginning of human generation is traced back to the miraculous birth of Adam (A.S), and Allah entrusted their survival in their physical bodies in the process of fusing the male and female gametes in the womb of mother. And new offspring are born undergoing many developmental stages. The Holy Qur’ān has mentioned all the stages of the human being like: its creation started from dust, then from seamen, then a clot, then from a flesh (Al- Qur’ān, 22:5). The same are described by modern medical sciences. The medical sciences also describes it in details that how a “fetus” is created and the process which it passes through. This article discusses how the “Fetus” is described in Islamic Sources, modern medical sciences and what are the similarities between these two?
Procedure of Circumstantial Evidences in Islamic Criminal Law
Authors: Mushtaq Aḥmad  , Muhammad Zakariya  , Al Azhari Zia Ullah
Published: March 2020

Qara’in - usually translated as circumstantial evidence - is a derived form of Arabic word " " قر ن which literally means a fact associated or accompanied with an event or circumstances. But when an event or circumstances discloses such associated or accompanied fact then such a fact becomes circumstantial evidence. Both proto-juristic and modern legal terms held circumstantial evidence for an evidence which is offered to prove certain attendant circumstances from which the existence of the fact at issue may be inferred. In Islamic Law, majority of jurists do not endorse Qara’in as an authoritative evidence, particularly, in offences leading to corporal punishments. On the other side, Ibn Farhun from Malikites and Ibn Qayyem from Hanbalites terms it equal to the direct evidence of Iqrar and Shahadah. It is not very strange that Dr. Anwarullah, a prominent Muslim scholar and Prof. Robert Preach are of the opinion that circumstantial evidence is, after all, more authentic even than the aforesaid two evidences. Herbert Broom- a western legal expert- also says that certain hidden facts can be deducted from the mode of a relevant act or to some extent it is modus operandi which gives birth to a circumstantial evidence. In this shortened article the juristic opinion of some early and contemporary legal experts has been discussed as to judge the legal mode and authenticity of circumstantial evidence.
The Traditions of Revelation: An Analytical Study of their Effects on Tafsīr Literature
Authors: Abdul Rouf  , Hafiz Abdul Qayyum
Published: March 2020

Sabab al-Nuzūl (cause of revelation) in Qur'anic studies means the time, context, cause, and the situation in which Allah has revealed verses. Cause of revelation has an important role in the interpretation of Qur’ān. Nevertheless,most of the verses and suras of Qur’ān are revealed independent of events, these verses are revealed to fulfill the general aim of Waḥī which is the guidance of people. Such knowledge is an invaluable tool for grasping the meaning of this type of Qur’ānic verse. Many Muslim scholars consider the studying of Asbāb alNuzūl and their related discussions as necessary. Some exegetes have written books studying the subject. The earliest and the most important work in this genre is undoubtedly Kitab Asbāb al-Nuzūl (Book of Occasions of Revelation) of ‘Alī bin Aḥmad al-Wāḥidī (d. 1075 CE). Another important work is by al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505 CE) which is a slight improvement of al-Wāḥidī’s book. In this paper descriptive method and comparative study are used to analysis traditions of revelation and their effects on Tafsīr literature. This paper proves the value of the causes of revelation in Qur’ānic Interptation and their effects on Tafsīr Literature, so that verification and authencity of traditions of causes of revelation are mandatory for Tafsīr.
The Methodology of Imam Bukhārī in Al Tārīkh Al Kabīr for Criticism, Praise and Biographies of Narrators
Authors: Muhammad Noman  , Muhammad Ikramullah  , Junaid Akbar
Published: March 2020

Muḥadithīn have played a dynamic role in the preservation and compilation of Ḥadīth of the Prophet (SAW). Among them the contribution of Imam Bukhārī is unavoidable and remarkable in the field of Ḥadīth and its sciences. Since, he is known “Hafiz and Compiler” and considered as “Imam” and “authority” in the field of both higher and lower criticism. His book "Al-Tārīkh al Kabīr" (08 volumes) is considered as one of the ancient books in field of Ḥadīth and its sciences. This paper aims to describe the methodology of Imam Bukhārī in Al-Tārīkh al Kabīr. He described the biography of thirteen thousand seven hundred and seventy nine only (13779) in alphabetic order. Although his methodology was to mention names of the narrators alphabetically, but in respect with the Prophet (SAW), he gave place to eleven narrators among the companion whom names were started with the names of “Muhammad”. In the Methodology of Imam Bukhārī (RA), it is found that either the narrators are rejected or given authenticity, on the basis of not only his own examinations but he relied on the sayings of other Muḥadithīn as well. It is also pertinent to mention that he awarded degree to a little number of the narrators while left over most of the narrators undecided, because the main objective of the book was to portray the biographies of the narrators rather to make analysis of all the narrators.
Environmental Pollution and its Prevention: A Critical Analysis in the light of Sīrah Studies
Authors: Karim Dad  , Jadoon Saeed-ul-Ḥaq , Khan Abzahir
Published: March 2020

Today, the whole world is facing the dangerious issues of environmental pollution. There is a lot of piles of garbage, plastic bags and waste are found in common routes and streets, the use of bacterial and antiseptic chemicals, smoking as well as the excessives use of machinery causes the abundance of smoke and due to the noise of vehicles, rugs, motorcycles, factories and airplanes, our daily pollution is increasing daily. As a result, many problems including various types of illness and seasonal variations are becoming a major challenge for today's modern era. In order to deal with it, it is important for us to study and follow the instructions of the Prophet (PBUH). Prophet (PBUH) has taken important measures to protect environmental pollution. He has prescribed some precautionary measures to prevent the spreading of dirt in society and keeping the environment clean to avert the soil pollution. For the purpose of aviation of air pollution, the prophet has ordered to populate it with the livestock andplantation. To cope with water pollution, it was emphasized to keep water clean and cleaness of air from odor and dirt. In this modern era, prevention of environmental pollution without following these instructions is impossible. This article has invesitaged on prevention of enviromental pollution and cleanliness of enviroment in the light of Sīrah.
Status of Abandoned Children: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Pakistani Law
Authors: Abbasi Ambreen , Mudasra Sabreen
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with the rights of abandoned children in the context of Pakistani society. The main issue is regarding legal status of such children which results in violation of their rights. Islamic law provides for rules for abandoned children which can be provided as a source for legislation in Pakistan. The paper argues that there is a need to formulate a clear legislation to ensure rights and protection of abandoned children. Currently the laws enacted in Pakistan lack provisions related to abandoned children. On the one hand the solutions like adoption/kafalah should be channelized and regularized and on the other hand serious efforts should be made to create awareness regarding rights of abandoned children among the masses. This is a comparative study which discusses and analyses relevant provisions in Islamic as well as Pakistani law.
Exploring the Role of Female Successor “'Amrah bint 'Abd al-Raḥmān” in Narration of Prophetic Traditions
Authors: Musferah Mehfooz  , Razia Shabana
Published: March 2020

Although several studies have investigated the contribution of Muslim women about their lives and works in large corpus of the ḥadīth sciences until now, but much are needed to be explored. Doubtlessly 'Amrah bint 'Abd al-Raḥmān had contributed to the large corpus of the ḥadīth sciences and also the core of Islamic knowledge parallel to her male counterparts. By highlighting her efforts for learning and her struggle for transmission of fundamental text, reveals how a female successor acquired exemplary reputations in her era. Particularly, her rich insight, deep knowledge in ḥadīth sciences and exemplary piety attracted students and placed parallel to her male counterparts in Islamic knowledge of her time. In sum, this study not merely sheds light upon the prolific contribution of an eminent female successor 'Amrah bint 'Abd al-Raḥmān in ḥadīth narrations, but argues that these scholarly females should be given more credit for being interacting educators and not just transmitters. Doubtlewssly, the study would be helpful to revise our understandings of Islamic knowledge during early period of Islam regarding gendered dynamics and their great contribution to dissemination and transmission of classical text and Islamic knowledge.
Islam and Woman in the Contemporary Arab World: An Interpretation of Rajaa al-Sanea’s Girls of Riyadh from Islamic Feminist Perspective
Authors: Khan Tariq , Aziz Ahmad  , Zulfiqar Ali
Published: March 2020

The present position paper explores to examine Rajaa al-Sanea’s“Girls of Riyadh” (2005) from the Islamic feminist perspective. Also, the study highlights the model of western feminism epitomised in the narrative under reference, vis-à-vis the Islamic concept of feminism. Islamic feminism grants equal rights to women and ensures its implementation in the Islamic state and society, whereas Western-sponsored feminism dwells on the archetype of women’s liberalism. That, in turn, leads to an anarchic and chaotic society, because of its believing in bringing women not only equal to men but superseding them in socio-cultural positioning. In the existing situation, the novel decries phallocentric society of Saudi Arabia and aiming at replacing it by the sensate-secular feminism that believes in the undue autonomy of the women. In order to investigate the presence of overwhelming patrilineal mores, the study pursues Islamic feminism as a theoretical model and employs reader’s response technique as a methodology. More far the findings of the research are concerned, the researchers conclude that replacing the patriarchal autonomy in the said society by Islamic feminism is befitting and benefitting than to replace it by the western feminism.
Historical Prophetic Sunnah Between Supporters And Deniers
Authors: Al Khalaf Abdul Aziz Muhammad
Published: March 2020

A group of contemporary rationalists have repeatedly maintained that the rulings derived from the Sunnah have a historical framework that does not transcend them. After being proved, they must remain locked in the time in which they were said, and we are not obliged to follow them. The prophetic interpretation of the Qur'anic text is not the only interpretation, Is one possible form of interpretation. The rationalists market some evidence of this, including: copies, reasons for descent and causes of roses, and the language of some Koranic verses. In this research we will discuss the issue of this issue, and the statements of the parties and their evidence.
Perceptions and Insights of Ibn Al ‘Irāqī in "Toḥfah Al Taḥṣīl" on Al-‘Ala'ī's Book "Jāmi’ Al Taḥṣīl"
Authors: Nafiz Husain Hammad
Published: March 2020

The research reveals significant insights cited by Ibn Al ‘Irāqī in his book "Toḥfah Al Taḥṣīl" on the illusions of Al-‘Alā'ī in his book "Jāmi Al Taḥṣīl". It highlights the scientific value of those illusions that Ibn Al-‘Irāqī pointed out. Several of them are related to narrators of hadith and their issues of hearing from their sheikhs. Many of those illusions are related to the chain narrators (isnad), the main text of the report (matn), or their position in the books of sunnah. There are no previous studies on this subject. I put the sequential insights I revel under headlines through which one can realize the illusions that Al-Ala'i fell in. I conclude with the perceptions that both Ibn Al-‘Iraqī and Al-‘Alā’ī have shared. I don’t mention my opinion after each insight for Ibn Al-‘Iraqī; however, my silence is an approval to what he said. When I went against him or it was important to mention any comment or information, I openly said my opinion and explained the reasons for my opposition. Some of the research findings are: Al-Ala'i ignores mentioning the narrator's gap (irsal), although Al-Mizzī mentions it in his book "Tahdhīb", or the scholars mention it before both of them.  He describes the narrator having a gap (irsāl) and attributes it to Al-Mizzī.  He added notes like "he didn't encounter him" and formulated expressions that weren’t mentioned by neither Al Dhahabī nor Al-Mizzī. He references a Ḥadīth to a book that it is not included in.
Rules of Preferences Related to the Quranic Text: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Usman Ullah  , Junaid Akbar
Published: March 2020

After reading the whole books and find out the interpretation, there were various sayings, the meanings and interpretations of the verses of Quran. The reader does not have the capability to select correct and incorrect. He does not know what to do about the various interpretations. At first the people of Mecca knew the status of Revelation; they do not need to explain that revelation, because it was their native language while the Prophet (S.A.W) explains it in detail. After the earlier periods, it was necessary to adapt some rules to know the correct sayings, that rules were already include the Quran itself, in the Sunnah, in the Quranic Sciences, in the books of fundamentals of Jurisprudence, and in the books of Quranic  Sciences. Later on, however, wrote the books as contemporary independent science as such as book of Husain Al Ḥarbī  named (قواعد الترجيح عند المفسرين) and book written by Khalid Al Sabbath named (قواعد التفسير جمعاً ودراسةً).These rules of preference are most important as with the help of these rules, the books of interpretation can be clarified from incorrect sayings. These rules are various, including, related to Quranic text, Sunnah, the views of Companions, the evidence, or related to the linguistics of Arabs. The preference proves the strength of a saying or strengthens an aspect than others through rules of preference. One of the objectives of this research is that the rules of preference can distinguish between correct and incorrect interpretation. The researcher recommended attention to these rules of preference and to study it as a separate subject to get full benefit from the books of interpretation.
Undertreatment or overtreatment – how far from each other in geriatric oncology?
Authors: Kocik Janusz
Published: March 2020

The mortality due to cancers of older patients, in age above 65 years of life, in comparison to younger is higher in majority of these diseases. It has been also reported that seniors are frequently denied the treatment according to current standards of therapy, thus suffer from undertreatment. There is solid evidence from controlled trials that older patients may tolerate pharmacological therapies in some cancers as well as young, providing they are under good supportive care. At the same time aggressive multimodal treatment may cause immediate or delayed side effects and exhaustion of reserves of the vital organs in elderly. This may cause a general deterioration, a decompensation of comorbidities, an evolution of geriatric syndromes and premature death, not directly caused by cancer. Such situation in aged cancer patients should be called the overtreatment. In diseases with better prognosis, with effective screening methods and large choice of treatment options like breast cancer, survival is getting better, although not in the eldest. The worse prognosis in old breast cancer patients may be caused to some extent by undertreatment. More fatal tumors like NSCLC await further optimization of cancer therapy towards better toxicity profile to avoid overtreatment.
Indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in the years 2012-2018
Authors: Kobuszewski Bartosz
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Mental health is necessary for achieving the complete health by individuals. According to WHO, it is "a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community" (2). Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of people suffering from mental disorders that can deteriorate their life quality, lead to problems with the standard functioning in the society, a drop in productivity, and can cause disabilities.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article was to attempt the estimation of indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in the years 2012-2018.

Materials and methods: Indirect costs were estimated with the human capital approach using data on sickness absence provided by the Polish Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and macroeconomic indicators published by the Central Statistical Office in Poland (GUS). The individual productivity loss was introduced by means of three indicators: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, Gross Domestic Product per person employed, corrected Gross Domestic Product.

Results: Estimated indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in 2012 were: 1.62 billion PLN measured in terms of GDP per capita, 2.86 billion PLN measured in terms of corrected GDP per person employed, and 4.40 billion PL measured in terms of GDP per person employed. And those costs in 2018 were 2.93 billion PLN, 4.57 billion PLN, and 7.03 billion PLN respectively, and they were higher by ca. 60-80% than in 2012.

Conclusions: The described estimation of indirect costs can lead to conclusions that mental health care in Poland is quite poor - indirect costs can reach twice the level of National Health Fund (NFZ) expenses on the mental health care.
Population of elderly patients with cancer – a growing public health problem in the perspective of national health programmes in Poland
Authors: Kocik Janusz
Published: March 2020

We are witnessing an unprecedented increase in the population of elderly people in Poland and other countries. A large number of these people are at risk of falling ill with cancer. In recent years, medicine has successfully reduced mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, it has been impossible to achieve a significant reduction in cancer mortality, especially in countries with a medium-high human development index, including Poland. The mortality of elderly people due to cancer is particularly difficult to reduce. Screening programmes should be targeted primarily at the older people. The number of people who are unnecessarily tested to diagnose one case of cancer is the lowest in this population. However, screening methods are nonspecific, result in cancer overdiagnosis, extend the lead time, but do not reduce mortality. New screening methods that identify the highest-risk conditions should be developed primarily for the use in the older population. Survivorship care plans for patients who have had cancer are equally important for elderly and younger people. They allow younger patients to resume active life and work. In the elder, they may facilitate control of comorbidities likely to exacerbate after cancer treatment. These exacerbations increase the costs of hospital treatment, reduce the quality of life and increase mortality for reasons not directly related to cancer. The higher cancer mortality rate in elderly patients is partly associated with the fact that treatments with proven effectiveness in younger patients are not used in elderly people because there is no evidence for their clinical benefit but also because they may be overtreated. Relevant studies are currently being carried out by specialized institutions. These challenges should be considered in the debates on the priorities of updated versions of the National Cancer Control Programme and the National Health Programme.
Doctors and the patients’ claims. Analysis of judicial practice
Authors: Wrześniewska-Wal Iwona
Published: March 2020

Patient rights have an increasingly significant impact on the conditions of therapy and on daily clinical practice. The fact that law might affect the doctor’s approach is confirmed in particular by the case law illustrating the claiming attitude of patients. The purpose of this study is to discuss selected verdicts of medical courts which show that it is not always the diagnosis and treatment that the patients complain about. It is important to review those issues in order to include them in the teaching programs for undergraduate and postgraduate students of medicine
Contemporary challenges in the medical profession in Poland
Authors: Grudziąż-Sękowska Justyna , Hajdukiewicz Dariusz , Janiszewska Lidia Janiszewska , Kobuszewski Bartosz , Sarnacka Emilia
Published: March 2020

The article describes four important non-medical areas in the profession of a physician: legal, administrative, economic and logological. These areas are complementary to the core knowledge in all medical professions, particularly of a physician. The aim of the article is to indicate some specific problems faced by a contemporary physician which, despite not being part of medical knowledge, are impossible to avoid.
Medical tourism in Poland: the perspective and experience of the physicians
Authors: Jankowski Mateusz , Zgliczyński Wojciech Stefan , Kobuszewski Bartosz , Sytnik-Czetwertyński Janusz , Skowron Adam , Pinkas Jarosław
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Medical tourism is gaining popularity all over the world.  This term in this paper refers to patients of Polish nationality living abroad but using health services in Poland as well as foreign patients who use health services in Poland.

Objective of the paper: The objective of this study was to investigate the magnitude and characteristics of medical tourism in Poland from the perspective of the physicians.

Material and methods: a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 700 physicians in Poland. The questionnaire included 29 questions regarding healthcare services in Poland.

Results: Completed questionnaires were obtained from 498 physicians (67.9% females; average age 41.8±10.5 years), with a response rate of 71.1%. Clinical encounter with a Polish patient who resides on permanent basis outside the country was declared by 67.5% of respondents. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the frequency of domestic medical tourism depending on the medical education level as well as practice type. Most of the participants (72.3%) declared an encounter with a foreign patient who has used health services in Poland. Except the urgent health need, as factors determining domestic or international medical tourism, the doctors mentioned: quality of healthcare services, price competitiveness as well as the possibility of combining treatment with a visit to the family.

Conclusions: Most physicians in Poland have had the opportunity to consult a patient who has used health services as part of national or international medical tourism.
Nutritional value of cottonseed meal for swine in the finishing phase
Authors: Silva J. R. , Pereira N. T. , Andrade R. V. , Cabral M. V. A. , Corassa A. , Lima H. J. D' Avila , Arantes V. M. , Martinez J. F. , Santos A. L. , Amorim A. B.
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the digestibility coefficients of the nutritional components of cottonseed meal for pigs in the finishing phase. Fourteen castrated male commercial pigs with average initial weight of 56.29 ± 2.49 kg were used. The animals were housed individually in cages for metabolic study (experimental unit) in a randomized complete block design (defined by initial weight) with two treatments and seven replications per treatment. The treatments consisted of a reference diet, formulated to meet the minimum nutritional requirements of pigs in the finishing phase, and a test diet, consisting of 75% of the reference diet and 25% of cottonseed meal. The total feces collection method was used. The values of chemical and digestible composition of cottonseed meal were 88.78; 93.82; 6.18; 21.11; 19.26; 4.29 and 44.09%; and 57.78; 48.62; 0.48; 2.82; 5.83; 2.58 and 28.86% for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE) and protein (CP) respectively. The values are close to those found in the literature, exception for the protein that presented higher value, however the digestibility was relatively low. Cottonseed meal has high nutritional value, but with low digestible values.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) root cells after exposure to contaminant solution
Authors: N. Ramos L. P. , S. D. Nascimento L. , S. Lima J. , M. Farias C. B. , S. Mello V. , Kasburg I. V.
Published: March 2020

Water contamination is much more common than imagined, because it is practically impossible today to have an ecosystem that has not suffered directly or indirectly from humans. Studies with the aim of genotoxicity and mutagenesis use bioindicators as the basis of tests, the most used are from the Allium ssp family. When we mention cytogenetic damage, the intensity depends mainly on the degree of exposure, quantity, chemical nature and of the possible combinations between the contaminants, also influenced by the characteristics and conditions of the environment in which the organisms considered bioindicators are submitted. The present work has the objective of analyzing the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by contaminating material that cause chromosomal alterations by means of mitotic index analysis using as bioindicator Allium sativum (garlic). The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Culture of Vegetable Tissues at the University of the State of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) at the Alta Floresta Campus - MT. The soil was collected and stored separately using 200 grams of each sample with three treatments: surface, 20 cm and 40 cm deep, making a tea with 200 ml of distilled water and then measuring the pH. Using a direct method where the bioindicator is submitted directly to the tea solution, awaiting the emission of roots, and the indirect method, where the bioindicator is submitted first, the stimulation of root formation for 72 hours and then is submitted to contaminating solution. The plates readings to observe the interior of the cell using crushing techniques were performed in 24, 48 and 72 hours of experiment (indirect method) and 24 hours (direct method, also measuring the roots). With the results, we can state that the material used as pollutant (soil sample) has a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential in the bioindicator material, presenting high potential in the cell cycle induction, provoking various chromosomal aberrations.
Political-economic, social and environmental aspects of sugar cane biomass use for the electrical energy generation
Authors: Areias A.
Published: March 2020

Energy produced through biomass, when produced in an efficient and sustainable way, generates a series of environmental, economic and social benefits when compared to the use of fossil fuels. Benefits such as better land management, job creation, efficient use of agricultural areas, provision of modern energy vectors to rural communities, reduction of CO2 emissions, waste control and nutrient recycling can be highlighted. This paper discusses the contributions of energy co-generation, from biomass, to the supplementation of electric energy, reduction of environmental impacts and generation of employment. The aim was to understand the impact of public policies to increase the efficiency of the sugar-energy sector and if there was an increase in employment and manpower in the field, as well as reduction of environmental impacts by reducing the consumption of other less renewable sources of energy within the State from São Paulo. In order to carry out this study, it was necessary to analyze the social, economic and agronomic indicators and the energy plans that aim at the development of the sector, such as the National Energy Plan and the Paulista Energy Plan.
Biometry of fruit, germination and morphogenesis in vitro of citrus after asepsis of seeds in different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Santos D. , Pereira W. J. , Miranda D. S. , Souza J. L. C. , Borges L. A. , Paula M. S. P. , Vieira M. C.
Published: March 2020

In tissue culture it is necessary to use seeds of good quality and free of pathogens in order to avoid damages in the work to be carried out in the laboratory. Therefore, strict cleaning of the seeds intended for in vitro cultivation is essential. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate fruit biometry, germination and morphogenesis of 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia Osbeck) and Persia Lima (Citrus aurantium) seeds in vitro submitted to different concentrations of NaClO for asepsis. Fruits of 'Cravo' lemon and Lima of Persia. Subsequently, they were transported to the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Goiano Federal Institute Campus Urutaí-GO, where they performed the biometric characterization of the fruits. The seeds of these fruits were submitted to treatment with sodium hypochlorite solution in different concentrations: 0,0; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5% for 10 minutes, constituting then five treatments for each variety and placed in an acclimatized growth room to analyze the results. The variables evaluated were: biometry of fruits and seedlings; oxidation indexes; germination; contamination; and types of contamination. NaClO doses were compared from 95% confidence intervals. The analyzes were performed using the glm () function of software R version 3.4.1. It was verified that the aseptic treatment with NaClO for lime and lemon was promising for the morphological processes of germination and development of seedlings, as well as for the control of contaminating agents in vitro.
Genetic diversity between native cupuízeiros from Portal da Amazonia, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Cordeiro A. G. M. , Silva L. H. R. , Cardoso E. S. , Pena G. F. , Zortéa K. E. M. , Rossi A. A. B
Published: March 2020

Theobroma subincanum Mart. popularly known as cupuí, belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is a wild fruit species native to the Amazon and is found in mainland forests, being characterized by its great alimentary and ecological importance. The cupuí presents genes that can be used for the croop breeding of commercial species of the genus, so that many studies have been carried to characterize genotypes through molecular markers, among which ISSRs (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) have been widely used. In this context the objective of the study was to analyze the genetic diversity among cupuí genotypes, using molecular markers ISSR. Ten markers used amplified 42 fragments, being 35.71% polymorphic, and the genetic dissimilarity, estimated from the Jaccard coefficient, varied from 0.02 to 0.26, indicating the existence of genetic variability among the studied genotypes. The UPGMA grouping method allocated the twenty genotypes of cupuí analyzed in three groups, while the Tocher optimization method distributed the same in eight groups, thus confirming the existence of genetic diversity among the evaluated materials. The two methods of grouping revealed that the MN08, MN09 and MN10 individuals are the most divergent and therefore the most suitable for conservation and breeding programs of the species.