bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mit neuen Verfahren gegen Fruchtwickler in Kleingartenanlagen
Authors: Albert Von R. , Wolff R.
Published: March 2003

Abstract: The availability of pesticides in private gardens is limited by local law in the State of Baden‐Württemberg in south‐west Germany. Only 26 insecticides, fungicides and molluscicides are permitted. Hence, only pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Granulosis Virus, pyrethrum or the pheromone mating disruption method (PMDM) can be used for moth control in apple. The use of beneficials like Trichogramma sp. or Chrysoperla carnea is not limited. PMDM had not been previ‐ously investigated in allotments until the experiments reported here were carried out in 1998 and 1999. In these experiments, PMDM was compared with the use of the egg parasites, Trichogramma dendrolimi and T. cacoeciae. The observations were done in 102 allotments, each of about 300 m2. The gardeners are members of a special club for the allotments and they often organize the bulk acquisition of plants or fertilizers for the club. Sometimes the club obtains plant protection products when something has to be done in all allotments. The codling moth and the plum fruit moth are important pests in these allotments.

In 1997, attacks of codling moth were generally low throughout the southern Germany. This was reflected in the allotments where there was less than one per cent fruit damage with PMDM or the egg parasites the following year. During 1999, the attacks were generally much higher resulting in a higher use of insecticides in commercial German orchards. In the allotments, about six to eight per cent of fruits were damaged by the codling moth in both experimental treatments.

The results indicate that PMDM can be successful in allotments and is equally as effective as the use of egg‐parasites. But further experiments are required.
Elm bark beetles and Dutch Elm Disease: tests of combined control
Authors: Faccoli Massimo
Published: March 2003

The possibility for the combined control of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi and Scolytus multistriatus was tested in Italy. Two elm clones [U. pumila×U. minor (clone B) and U. glabra var. pendula grafted onto U. pumila×U. minor pollards (clone A)] were treated by stem injection of different blend or concentrations of fungicides and insecticides. Then, adults of S. multistriatus, either loaded with spores of two isolates of O. novo‐ulmi (H328 and 182) or provided of their natural load of conidia, were forced to feed in twig crotches of the treated trees. After 48 hours all insects were checked (dead or alive). One month later, the same twigs were cut off and brought to the laboratory. From each twig, three discs almost 1 mm thick were then taken (0, 3 and 6 cm over the point where the insect fed). The wood discs were inoculated in selective substrate and stored until the development of O. novo‐ulmi colonies. All thesis containing insecticides give good results against S. multistriatus. Similarly, all thesis containing fungicides show a good fungus control independently from the fungal isolated. The percentage of fungal transmission obtained from insects carrying the natural load of conidia was lower than percentages obtained from beetles artificially loaded. Both beetle sex and position on the foliage never influence insect mortality or O. novo‐ulmi infection. The best results were obtained injecting the Carbendazim + Acephate blend in the clone A. High chemical concentrations did not improve the general results.
Effect of ploughing and previous crop on winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under integrated farming system in Slovakia
Authors: Gallo J. , Pekár S.
Published: March 2003

The effects of ploughing and previous crop on winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under an integrated farming system was investigated in an experimental area in Slovakia. The experiment consisted of 4 small plots (50 m2 each) to which both organic and inorganic fertilisers were applied. Moreover, there was one application of herbicide and a fungicide on each plot. The ploughing was either deep or shallow, and either silage‐maize or pea was used as a previous crop. The effects of the ploughing and previous crop was studied by means of multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA) and subsequent Monte‐Carlo permutation test. The results showed that there was a considerable temporal variation in the abundance of insect pests and their natural enemies. Of the two husbandry treatments, only ploughing caused significant difference in the composition and abundance of both pests and natural enemies. However, while most of the pests favoured deep ploughing, the majority of natural enemies occurred more abundantly on shallowly ploughed plots. The previous crop did not affect numbers of either pests or natural enemies. Two systems, integrated and organic, which have been surveyed previously, were mutually compared with respect to the abundance of insect pests. The organic farming system turned out to be more sustainable.
Studies on the parasitoids of Gelechia senticetella (Stgr.)  (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Bulgaria
Authors: Mirchev P. , Georgiev G. Ts. , Tsankov G.
Published: March 2003

The parasitoids of Gelechia senticetella (Stgr.) (Lepid.: Gelechiidae), a pest of Juniperus excelsa M. B., were studied in the “Tissata” reserve in Bulgaria. They were reared in laboratory conditions from pest larvae and pupae collected in 1991, 1992 and 2000. As a result of this study, 16 species of parasitoids of G. senticetella were recorded: Habrobracon stabilis Wesm., Hormius moniliatus (Nees), Phanerotoma tritoma Marsh. (Hym.: Braconidae), Diadegma consumptor (Grav.), Liotryphon cydiae (Perk.), Scambus pomorum (Ratz.), Scambus foliae (Cush.), Pimpla turionellae (L.), Eudelus simillimus (Tasch.), Mesochorus sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), Sympiesis acalle Walk., Aprostocetus sp. (Hym.: Eulophidae), Eupelmus urozonus Dalm. (Hym.: Eupelmidae), Copidosoma thompsoni Merc. (Hym.: Encyrtidae), Calliprymna bisetosa Grah., and Mesopolobus sp. (Hym.: Pteromalidae). H. stabilis and P. tritoma were discovered as new species for the fauna of Bulgaria. Three species (E. simillimus, Mesochorus sp. and Aprostocetus sp.) are hyperparasitoids, and the remaining species are primary parasitoids. Most of the parasitoid species attack the larvae of G. senticetella and kill the hosts before pupation. In the studied parasitoid complex, D. consumptor and H. moniliatus were the dominant species. In 1991, the level of total parasitism of the host in the “Tissata” reserve was 24.3 %, in 1992 – 57.9 % and in 2000 – 12.7 %. D. consumptor was the most important parasitoid destroying 26.6 % of the pest larvae in 1992.
Nachweis der Australischen Schabe  (Periplaneta australasiae [Fabricius, 1775]) in Sachsen‐Anhalt
Authors: Mielke U.
Published: March 2003

The Australian cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae [Fabricius, 1775]) is a roach species that is scarcely found in Germany. On the territory of Saxony‐Anhalt it has only been detected twice, these observations dating back more than 60 years. In early 2001, a mass appearance of the Australian cockroach was recorded in a greenhouse of the Magdeburg Zoological Gardens. The author is not aware of any other current appearance of the Australian cockroach in the land of Saxony‐Anhalt.
Impact and control of the cone tortricid Pseudococcyx tessulatana (Staudinger), damaging the cone crop of a selected clone of cypress  (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Italy
Authors: Cantini Raffaella , Battisti Andrea
Published: March 2003

The green cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) is of great interest for ornamental, reforestation and windbreak use in the whole Mediterranean basin. In Italy, seed material selected for resistance to the fungus Seiridium cardinale is produced in seed orchards by controlled crosses of parent trees. The insect pest showing the highest impact on seed cone production is Pseudococcyx tessulatana (Lep.; Tortricidae), which attacks cones during the initial growth period as well as full‐grown cones. The impact on the seed cone crop of the tortricid was estimated on a clone patented for its resistance to cypress canker (Agrimed 1). The attack was inversely related to the cone crop, as it concerned 36.7 % of cones in 1999 (high crop year) and the 66 % in 2000 (low crop year). In both years, about 90 % of the surveyed branches revealed cones attacked by P. tessulatana by the 1st life‐cycle larvae, whereas only 40 % of branches were also attacked by the larvae of the 2nd life cycle. The highest attack rate per branch was always observed on branches bearing a low number of cones. The potential of two control methods against P. tessulatana to protect cones which result from crossing a mother tree “Agrimed 1” with selected father trees was also evaluated in 2000. The protection given by a sleeve surrounding the branch was almost complete (0.4 % cone mortality), whereas a cone mortality of 24.3 % was observed on branches treated by the insecticide diflubenzuron. Sleeves appear to be useful to protect branches on which special crosses were done, but are expensive and time‐consuming and may favour the attack of the mealybug Planococcus vovae inside the sleeve. The insecticide application may represent a valid alternative, especially when protection should be directed toward a high number of branches.
Studies on morphology and biology of immature stages of the predator Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Stathas G. J.
Published: March 2003

Morphological characteristics of immature developmental stages of Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col.: Coccinellidae), predator of scale insects of the family Diaspididae (Homoptera), are described. Data about the morphology of eggs, the four larval instars, and the pupa is presented. Larval instars are described in more detail: size of head capsule, length of tibia, distribution of dorsal and lateral setae of abdomen segments for each larval instar is reported. Distribution of spiracles is also given. Study on the biology concerns the influence of prey on the duration of instar periods. The diaspidids Aspidiotus nerii and Aonidiella aurantii were used as food. The mean duration of the developmental period from egg to adult was 27.1 days, and no mortality was observed (0 %) when A. nerii was used as prey. The respective numbers when the prey was A. aurantii were 48.8 days and 84 %.
Impact of neem and chinaberry fruit extracts on the pest/parasitoid (Pieris rapae/Hyposoter ebeninus) interactions
Authors: Matter M. M. , Gesraha M. A. , Ahmed A. A. I. , Farag N. A.
Published: March 2003

A new technique was performed to simulate exposure of the host Pieris rapae larvae to both botanical treatment and the parasitoid Hyposoter eheninus in different sequences. It was found that: host larvae subjected to both parasitoid and 1 % neem treatment showed significant or insignificant reductions both in pupal formation as well as adult emergence percentages when treatment preceded or followed parasitism, respectively. Both neem treatments revealed significant prolongation in the development of unparasitized and parasitized larvae (on average 4 to 5 days delay), whereas chinaberry caused significant prolongation only among parasitized larvae (on average 2.7 days delay in egg‐larval duration). Fate of parasitism among untreated hosts was found to be faster than among neem‐treated ones. Parasitism percentages among 1 and 0.5 % neem‐treated third instar host larvae held 7 days before parasitism reached 3 and 2 times that achieved among those reared on untreated diet for the same period, ­respectively. It was concluded that prolongation of the preferred target instars of the host, due to neem treatments, increased the chance for parasitism. Nevertheless, treatment with neem at the LC50 level exhibited a great reduction in parasitoid progeny. However, a lower concentration (LC25) could reasonably potentiate parasitism without drastic losses in parasitoid emergence.
The thermal constant for timing the emergence of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliv.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Salama H. S. , Hamdy M. K. , Magd El‐Din M.
Published: March 2003

The pupal duration of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliv.) at two different temperatures revealed that the thermal threshold is – 2.3 °C, while the thermal constant is 423 degree days. Around 20.7 cycles of weevil emergence per year have been predicted in Egypt. A temperature between 44 – 45 °C was found to be the higher threshold at which the pupae are killed. The heat units required for the pupal development were utilized to predict the dates of adult emergence throughout the year.
Monitoring the appearance and possibility for prevention of the apple sawfly in Croatia
Authors: Ciglar I. , Barić B.
Published: March 2003

The apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea Klug has recently become a widespread pest in Croatian apple orchards. It causes severe damage in the blooming period due to the fact that infested fruit fall off.

 This article shows results collected over three years of field research on trap catches of sawflies, the period of laying eggs, the appearance of larvae and detection of damage. In the climate of northwestern Croatia, adult sawfly appear in April during the blooming period of the early apple variety of Idared.  By monitoring temperatures from January 1, adults were detected when the thermal constant reached 210 day‐degrees. Our observations showed that the larvae emerged when the sum of thermal constants reached ca. 110 day‐degrees.  The investigation of effective control strategies with insecticides showed high efficacy of thiametoxam (Actara), imidacloprid (Confidor), thiacloprid (Calypso) and betacyfluthrin + oxydemeton‐methyl (Enduro) and lower efficacy of phosalone (Zolone), chlorpyrifos‐methyl (Reldan), and lambda cyhalothrin (Karate).
Acute spread in France of an invasive pest, the horse chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridellaDeschka & Dimic (Lep., Gracillariidae)
Authors: Guichard S. , Augustin S.
Published: March 2003

The horse chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) spread over the last 10 years from central Europe to western Europe and was observed for the first time in 2000 in the east of France and near Paris. This study presents the results of surveys carried out in France in 2001 to investigate the distribution and infestation level of the leafminer. One year after its first discovery, the moth was present in a large part of the country and for the first time has been observed in Paris. The spread of the moth is due mainly to natural dispersal and to passive dispersal by human activities.
Altägyptische Fliegen‐ und Käferrelikte in einem Priestersarg der achtzehnten Dynastie
Authors: Levinson H. , Levinson A.
Published: March 2003

Ancient Egyptian insect relics were accidentally enclosed in embalming resin which leaked from a priest's mummy and solidified on the floor of a wooden coffin from the end of the XVIIIth Dynasty (presumably 1323 – 1295 BC). The preserved insect relics were blowflies (Calliphoridae) recognized as Chrysomya marginalis or Chrysomya megacephala whose larvae had developed by feeding on the deceased's body prior to mummification as well as furniture beetles (Anobiidae) being either Oligomerus ptilinoides or Priobium carpini whose larvae had ingested the coniferous wood of the coffin. It is most likely that the human corpse and coffin were first attacked by the blowflies and furniture beetles prior to embalming, while infestation of the insect remains and textiles by Anthrenus sp. (Dermestidae) occurred in our time.
Studies on diets and population dynamics of the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne F. (Col., Anobiidae)
Authors: Magd El‐Din M.A.
Published: March 2003

Aromatic spice crops such as coriander, Coriandrum sativum L., and fennel, Foeniculum vulgare L., are among the major seeds exported to the international market. Observations on the stores of these crops revealed differences in their susceptibility to the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Col., Anobiidae). Coriander seeds proved to be the most appropriate diet for the beetle. The population dynamics of L. serricorne (F.) was determined, showing 3 generations during the period from May to October.
Two decades of the public health approach to skin cancer control in Australia: Why, how and where are we now?
Authors: Marks Robin
Published: March 2003

Incidence and mortality rates due to skin cancer are rising in most Western countries. Early detection of these tumours at a stage when they can be easily cured is the primary approach taken by many people wishing to deal with the problem. A primary prevention approach, that is, reduction in sunlight exposure, is being considered by an increasing number of organizations. The public health approach to primary prevention of skin cancer, including melanoma, requires an understanding of the role of sunlight in the production of these tumours. Despite a clear understanding of exactly how sunlight does this, there is enough epidemiological and laboratory evidence to suggest a broad approach to the problem. This includes reduction of sunlight exposure, particularly in childhood and adolescence. It also suggests the need to recommend avoidance of suntanning and particularly the excessive exposures that lead to sunburn. Widespread primary prevention public health programmes have been running in Australia for almost 20 years. The data measuring the effect of these programmes indicate a very large shift in knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about sunlight exposure and suntans, and major shifts in behaviour. Suntans are no longer as popular as they were and people are reducing their sunlight exposure by a variety of methods encapsulated in Slip! Slop! Slap! Cohort analysis of the incidence rates for melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer show that the incidence of these tumours is levelling out in young people and is dropping in some instances. These are the people who were able to be influenced by the public health programmes in recent decades. Finally, following initial dramatic changes in all the behavioural variables related to the programme, a period of consolidation with continuing effort and more specific targeting will be required in the coming decades to maintain the improvement.
A review of the epidemiology of tinea unguium in the community
Authors: Gill David , Marks Robin
Published: March 2003

Tinea unguium is a common, chronic fungal infection of the nails. Many epidemiological studies have looked at the frequency with which this condition is seen in hospital outpatients clinics or mycological laboratories along with other dermatomycoses. Only recently have studies begun to emerge looking at the prevalence of this condition in populations. Hospital and mycological laboratory‐based studies give valuable information about tinea unguium prevalence in a particular clinic, but cannot be compared with other studies due to confounding factors inherent in the different people attending individual clinics. From population‐based studies the prevalence of tinea unguium lies between 2 and 8%. Tinea unguium increases steadily with age. It is infrequent but definitely found in children. With the increasing life expectancy in the Western world the prevalence of tinea unguium is likely to increase further without adequate prevention and treatment.
Differential expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in melanocytic tumours demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization
Authors: Sparrow Louise E , Heenan Peter J
Published: March 2003

Differential expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported in melanocytic lesions. To evaluate these differences in EGFR expression in melanocytic tumours, formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded sections from 33 benign melanocytic neoplasms and 77 cutaneous melanomas were analysed for EGFR protein and mRNA expression using immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization. The majority of benign and malignant lesions expressed EGFR at both protein and mRNA levels. In 7% (7/100) samples, mRNA but not protein expression was observed. Overall, a higher proportion of cells expressed EGFR protein in malignant lesions compared with benign lesions (P = 0.06), and the intensity of mRNA expression was higher in the malignant tumours (P < 0.001). No significant differences in EGFR protein or mRNA expression with tumour progression within the malignant lesions were seen. These results indicate that EGFR mRNA and protein expression is common to benign and malignant melanocytic lesions, and that an overall increase in expression is associated with malignant transformation. However, differential EGFR expression between in situ melanomas and invasive or metastatic lesions was not observed.
Surgical treatment of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma
Authors: Hill Dudley C , Gramp Amanda A
Published: March 2003

Lentigo maligna (LM) is well known as an irregularly pigmented macular lesion usually presenting on the sun‐damaged head and neck of older patients. Lentigo maligna (LM) has the potential to develop into invasive melanoma (LMM). A method of surgical excision for the treatment of LM and LMM using paraffin sections with tissue mapping to ensure clear margins before delayed defect closure is described. The results of applying this method in the treatment of 66 cases over a 40 month period are presented. Thirty‐eight per cent of cases required two excisions or more to clear the tumour and 32% of cases showed evidence of invasive melanoma. Only one case has recurred thus far, and none have developed metastatic disease.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: An early non‐protuberant phase of the tumour
Authors: Lauritz Barry V , Mason Graham H
Published: March 2003

A 40‐year‐old female patient presented with a flat scar‐like plaque on the upper chest. The patient’s perception of subtle change in the lesion was of paramount importance in the decision to biopsy this lesion of innocuous clinical appearance. Histopathological findings were those of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. This case illustrates the early clinical features of the tumour and a recommendation for taking a biopsy of any scar‐like plaque where there is no clear history of preceding trauma.
Crusted scabies in two immunocompromised children: Successful treatment with oral ivermectin
Authors: Patel Anita , Hogan Peter , Walder Brien
Published: March 2003

Two immunodeficient children, aged 4 and 12 years, with crusted scabies were successfully treated with a single oral dose of ivermectin (200 μg/kg). One child had been diagnosed in infancy with an undefined congenital T cell immunodeficiency and the other with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Both had failed to respond to conventional topical therapy. In view of the excellent therapeutic response and absence of side‐effects, ivermectin should be considered in the treatment of recalcitrant crusted scabies in children.
Band‐like sebaceous hyperplasia over the penis
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Kossard Steven
Published: March 2003

Sebaceous hyperplasia is a benign condition that is seen commonly on the face of elderly persons as single or multiple yellowish papules. It also occurs on the lips, oral mucosa, neck and the penis. An unusual presentation of a band‐like sebaceous hyperplasia over the penis in a 54‐year‐old man is described.
Acquired scalp alopecia. Part II: A review
Authors: Sullivan John R , Kossard Steven
Published: March 2003

The neutrophil‐associated and infiltrative scarring alopecias are reviewed including folliculitis decalvans, tufted folliculitis, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, acne keloidalis and follicular degeneration syndrome. The management of acquired scalp alopecia is also reviewed including newer, promising therapies. More specific agents targeting components of the androgen system will make the treatment of androgenetic alopecia more rewarding. Similarly new immunomodulatory therapies show great promise for the lymphocyte‐associated alopecias and include a new generation of macrolide immunosuppressives (tacrolimus, SDZ ASM 981, and SDZ 281‐240), some of which appear to have good transcutaneous absorption.
The use of gloves in Australian dermatological practice
Authors: Ong Colin S , Commens Chris A
Published: March 2003

Dermatologists use gloves as a major tool in universal precautions to prevent transmission of infections particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis. We need to know how much protection is conferred by gloves and what problems are associated with glove use. This paper looks at these issues and reports the results of a survey on glove use by Australian dermatologists. The survey found a lack of awareness regarding gloves as a protective measure, suggesting the need to improve knowledge in this area so that realistic precautions can be adopted. Dermatologists have a high rate of glove use and reactions to gloves were noted by 13% of respondents. The authors recommend the use of non‐powdered, low‐allergen latex gloves. Handwashing prior to using non‐powdered latex gloves needs further investigation. Handwashing after wearing latex gloves may decrease sensitization risk.
Molluscum contagiosum, swimming and bathing: A clinical analysis
Authors: Choong Khai Y , Roberts Leonard J
Published: March 2003

The link between swimming and bathing behaviour, and molluscum contagiosum (MC), in a sample of 198 patients with clinically confirmed MC was investigated. Results show that of all the swimming behaviour variables tested, only one (swimming in a school swimming pool) was significant. In relation to the bathing variables tested, only two (sharing a bath sponge with a MC‐infected person, and sharing a bath towel with a MC‐infected person), were significant. No relationship was found between MC and swimming in a private (home) pool, swimming in a public pool, swimming at the beach, sharing a bath tub with a MC‐infected person, and using a private (home) spa. The Relative Risk (RR) ratio of a person sharing a bath sponge with an infected person is three times more at risk of procuring a severe case of MC infection (i.e. > 26 lesions) than a person who does not share a bath sponge with an infected person (r = 0.5; P < 0.01). There was a correlation found between the mode of MC acquisition by site location (r = 0.63; P < 0.05). The anatomical position of MC lesions was shown to be highly dependent on the way the patient was primarily infected. There was also an additive effect with the mode of transmission in that patients who were in the upper extremes in terms of the total number of lesions (average, 124 lesions; mean diameter size, 4.2 mm; n = 42), were those patients who shared a number of fomites (bath sponge, bath towel) with a known MC‐infected person, and also swam at the school swimming pool.
The subgaleal pulley suture
Authors: Orchard David C , McColl Doug
Published: March 2003

The repair of scalp defects is often complicated by moderate tension on the wound edges. A subgaleal version of the ‘pulley’ suture, which may be helpful in closing wounds in this setting, is described.
Clinical manifestations and outcomes in 17 cases of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Wong Kenneth C , Kennedy Peter J , Lee Stephen
Published: March 2003

The clinical features and outcomes of 17 patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) were retrospectively reviewed. There were 11 males and six females with an average age of 61.5 years. Ten patients with SJS (seven males, three females) and seven patients with TEN (four males, three females) were identified. Antibiotics, mainly β‐lactams, were the most common cause of SJS/TEN in this series. The mean skin loss in TEN was 45.7% total body surface area in contrast to the lesser skin loss (<10%) observed in three patients with SJS. Complications included septicaemia, pneumonia and multi‐organ failure, mainly in the TEN group. Two patients died from TEN‐related complications and one patient with SJS died from unrelated causes. Ocular involvement and skin pigmentary changes represented the most significant long‐term sequelae.
Protein contact dermatitis in food workers. Case report of a meat sorter and summary of seven other cases
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Freeman Susanne
Published: March 2003

Protein contact dermatitis (PCD) in food handlers is caused by a type I allergy to foods. We report a 17‐year‐old meat sorter who presented with hand dermatitis. Patch tests with the standard series were negative. Prick testing was positive with lamb liver, ox liver and a mixture of lamb and beef blood. We also summarize seven cases of other food workers with PCD.
Pyoderma gangrenosum with secondary pyarthrosis following propylthiouracil
Authors: Darben Troy , Savige Judy , Prentice Roger , Paspaliaris Bill , Chick Jeffrey
Published: March 2003

The association of pyoderma gangrenosum and arthritic symptoms is well documented. We present a rarely reported variant of this in a 44‐year‐old woman with pyoderma gangrenosum and bilateral large purulent effusions of her knees. She had no evidence of underlying rheumatoid arthritis or a specific seronegative spondyloarthropathy. Of note she had a history of Graves’ disease for which she had been treated with propylthiouracil for 3 years and on investigation at this presentation had a markedly elevated perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (P‐ANCA) level with specificities for IgM myeloperoxidase, IgG elastase and IgG lactoferrin. We believe this patient had pyoderma gangrenosum with secondary sterile pyarthrosis and a P‐ANCA precipitated by propylthiouracil.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with intravenous gammaglobulin
Authors: Phan Tri G , Wong Richard Cw , Crotty Kerry , Adelstein Stephen
Published: March 2003

A 31‐year‐old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. He presented with a widespread, blistering skin rash, extensive mucosal ulceration, high‐grade fever and pancytopaenia. Nevirapine, a non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, was suspected as the culprit drug, although the patient had been taking this medication for 6 months. The patient also demonstrated an increased number of gamma/delta (γδ) T cells that decreased concomitantly with his clinical improvement. This correlation has not been described in TEN previously and may be of pathophysiological significance.
Cutaneous allergic reaction to intramuscular vitamin K1
Authors: Wong Deanna A , Freeman Susanne
Published: March 2003

A 40‐year‐old woman with no pre‐existing hepatic disease developed a cutaneous allergic reaction to intramuscular vitamin K1. She received this medication prophylactically prior to surgery, developed severe localized, and subsequently generalized, dermatitis, beginning 5 days after administration of the Konakion Cremophor‐EL form of vitamin K1 by intramuscular injection at four sites on her thighs. Investigation by patch and intradermal testing revealed delayed‐type hypersensitivity to Konakion Cremophor‐EL, Konakion Mixed Micelles and pure vitamin K1, but not Cremophor‐EL vehicle alone. This case is unusual because the patient was also shown to be patch test positive to vitamin K3 sodium bisulfite.
Acral keratotic graft versus host disease simulating warts
Authors: Kossard Steven , Ma David Df
Published: March 2003

A 53‐year‐old man experienced persistent oral graft versus host disease after receiving an HLA‐matched allogeneic stem cell peripheral blood transplant for chronic myeloid leukaemia. Twelve months post‐transplant, multiple keratotic lesions resembling warts developed on his fingers, on his palms and on the soles of his feet. Skin biopsy showed a lichenoid reaction under a hyperplastic and hyperkeratotic epidermis lacking signs of papillomavirus infection. The lesions partially regressed when the patient’s oral prednisone was increased. This instance of acral keratotic lesions may represent an unusual expression of chronic graft versus host disease; however, the the hydroxychloroquine which had been used for 8 months to control the patient’s oral graft versus host disease cannot be excluded as a cofactor.
Allergic contact dermatitis to plastic banknotes
Authors: Mohamed Matheen , Delaney Thomas A , Horton Jeremy J
Published: March 2003

Allergic contact dermatitis to ultraviolet (UV) cured acrylates occurs predominantly in occupationally exposed workers. Two men presented with dermatitis coinciding with the location of banknotes in their pockets. Patch testing confirmed allergic contact dermatitis to multiple acrylates and Australian plastic banknotes. This is the first report of contact allergy to acrylates present in Australian plastic banknotes.
The caseload, assessment and treatment of atopic dermatitis: A survey of Australian dermatologists
Authors: Stephens Robert B , Cooper Alan
Published: March 2003

In early 1995 we surveyed all 250 practicing Australian members of the Australasian College of Dermatologists by a mail‐out questionnaire to determine information, such as the caseload imposed by atopic dermatitis, the severity of cases seen by dermatologists, current treatment and dermatologists’ satisfaction with treatment. One hundred and forty‐nine responses were received. Fifty per cent of patients with atopic dermatitis seen by dermatologists were younger than 10 years, 18% were 10–16 years, and 32% were older than 16 years. Disease was considered to be severe in 18% of patients, moderate in 41% and mild in 41%. Emollients and topical corticosteroids were the most commonly used treatments but there was wide variation in other treatments used by individual dermatologists. Only 10% of respondents were very satisfied with existing treatments for severe atopic dermatitis; 20% of patients with severe disease were considered as refractory or non‐responsive. New therapies such as cyclosporin have the potential to improve existing standards of care.
Pilot study of store and forward teledermatology services in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Tait Clare P , Clay Christopher D
Published: March 2003

In remote areas, telemedicine services can improve the quality of access to specialist medical care and dermatology is well suited to the use of this technology. There is no published work on teledermatology services in Australia. Our purpose was to investigate the reliability of dermatological diagnoses obtained using a store and forward telemedicine system, which is being developed to offer specialist consultative services to patients in remote areas of Western Australia. We report on a small prospective non‐randomized pilot study conducted at Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia which compared diagnoses reached following telemedicine consultations with diagnoses reached following traditional face‐to‐face consultations. In 25 out of 30 consultations, identical diagnoses were reached. In the remaining five cases, the preferred diagnosis and first differential diagnosis were reversed in order of preference. We feel this system is sufficiently promising to trial more extensively in the field.
Unilateral pigmented purpuric eruption
Authors: Mar Adrian , Fergin Peter , Hogan Peter
Published: March 2003

Three cases of unilateral pigmented purpuric eruption (UPPE) occurring in children aged between 7 and 12 years are reported. The lesions were asymptomatic and occurred on the lower limb and torso; one case demonstrated a quadrantic configuration with a sharp midline cutoff. The purpuric component resolved spontaneously within 3 months in all cases, while pigmentation showed partial resolution in the two cases followed up for 12 months. Our cases support previous reports of UPPE being a benign self‐limiting condition mainly affecting young patients. The cause is unknown.
Hepatitis from 5‐methoxypsoralen occurring in a patient with previous flucloxacillin hepatitis
Authors: Stephens Robert B , Cooper Alan
Published: March 2003

A 53‐year‐old woman with psoriasis vulgaris was treated with oral 5‐methoxypsoralen and UVA photochemotherapy. After 40 treatments over 3 months she became unwell with hepatitis attributable to the psoralen. Six years earlier she developed cholestatic hepatitis to flucloxacillin. A previous history of drug‐induced reactions should be sought before prescribing further drugs with similar adverse effects.
Wet gauze in CO2 laser resurfacing
Authors: Lee May‐Sen , Hunt Michelle , Richards Shawn
Published: March 2003

The development of scanning CO2 laser systems has enabled rapid and uniform facial resurfacing in photoaged and acne scarred skin. A problem faced by the laser surgeon is making the scanner pattern produced by these lasers fit the cosmetic unit to be resurfaced. This may be achieved by the use of wet gauze to absorb the energy of the unwanted portion of the scanner pattern. The wet gauze is folded to lie along the cosmetic unit boundary and the scanner pattern rotated until it conforms to the required shape.

On the eyelids, saline soaked cotton tipped applicators are used to lift the eyelashes away from the path of the laser beam. This allows treatment of the entire lower eyelid cosmetic unit without damage to the eyelashes.
Australian teledermatology: The patient, the doctor and their government
Authors: Lim Adrian C , Egerton Ian B , Shumack Stephen P
Published: March 2003

Telemedicine is an emerging technology within Australia. We review the historical development of telemedicine and discuss the clinical and non‐clinical issues surrounding its practice in this country. Teledermatology is one application of telemedicine. We discuss the potential impact of teledermatology on patients, doctors and third parties such as government. So far, teledermatology has received little attention from Australian dermatologists. By contrast, the Government and other organizations are showing keen interest in establishing infrastructure within this country. We believe it is time for dermatologists to become more involved in the practice and politics of telemedicine within Australia.
Curettage, electrosurgery and skin cancer
Authors: Sheridan Adam T , Dawber Rodney Pr
Published: March 2003

The scientific literature is replete with reports extolling the virtues of curettage and electrosurgery in the treatment of skin disease. Published cure rates for selected skin cancers consistently equal those for other treatment modalities, including scalpel excision. Despite this, curettage is often overlooked as a first line treatment for skin cancer. We review the evidence‐based literature for patient selection criteria and curettage and electrosurgery techniques.
Tungiasis
Authors: Grunwald Marcelo H , Shai Avi , Mosovich Bernardo , Avinoach Ilana
Published: March 2003

A 24‐year‐old man developed slow‐growing lesions on subungual and plantar areas that appeared a few weeks after returning from a trip to South America. The diagnosis of tungiasis was established by microscopic examination of a lesion. Tungiasis is rarely seen in non‐endemic areas.
Human cases of cattle ringworm due to Trichophyton verrucosum in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Maslen Mary M
Published: March 2003

Between 1962 and 1994, 32 isolates of Trichophyton verrucosum from cases of tinea corporis, tinea faciei and tinea capitis were referred to the Mycology Reference Laboratory of the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit at The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Patients had presented at clinics in metropolitan Melbourne and country towns in the State of Victoria, Australia. They included dairy and cattle farmers, a slaughterman who worked in an abattoir, a veterinary tutor and children who lived on farms. Many patients lived in one of the three dairy farming areas of Victoria. A few lived in the outer suburbs of Melbourne. One cattle farmer came from south‐east New South Wales. Specimens were not received for examination from animal contacts of the patients. The only patient from overseas was a boy from Lebanon. The literature recording human infections due to T. verrucosum in Australia is reviewed.
Cutaneous histiocytic lymphangitis: An unusual manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Pruim Bert , Strutton Geoffrey , Congdon Sandra , Whitehead Kevin , Donaldson Eric
Published: March 2003

Two cases are presented of unusual cutaneous lesions associated with rheumatoid arthritis in underlying joints. The lesions were evanescent, erythematous and violaceous partly macular and partly indurated plaques, with a livedo‐like pattern of erythema at the edge in one case. Histological changes were identical in the two cases. The major features were dilated, dermal lymphatics containing aggregates of inflammatory cells, mainly histiocytes, with adjacent perivascular lymphoid aggregates. An appropriate name for this reaction would appear to be cutaneous histiocytic lymphangitis.
Benign melanocytic proliferative nodule within a congenital naevus
Authors: Lowes Michelle A , Norris Deborah , Whitfeld Margot
Published: March 2003

A neonate presented with a deeply pigmented papule within a medium‐sized congenital naevus. Histologically, this proved to be a benign proliferative nodule in a congenital naevus. This case is presented to highlight the occurrence of this lesion, the main differential of which is the rare entity of true congenital melanoma.
Perineural spread in head and neck skin cancer
Authors: Veness Mj
Published: March 2003

Perineural spread (PNS) in the head and neck is an infrequent but aggressive manifestation of skin cancer. As such, it can provide access to the intracranial cavity. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histology with the facial and trigeminal nerves most often involved. Orbital invasion is an uncommon but devastating result of PNS located around the orbit, particularly the forehead. Diagnosis can be difficult and initial investigations are often unhelpful. Treatment should ideally be directed at preventing further spread before it develops. Adjuvant radiotherapy is often recommended. The disease may present at an advanced state within the orbit or parotid gland or even within the intracranial cavity. Clinicians need to be aware of the potential for PNS because a group of these patients will die from this potentially preventable and treatable form of metastatic skin cancer.
Defining lymphocytic vasculitis
Authors: Kossard Steven
Published: March 2003

Vasculitis can be defined as vascular inflammation which is usually immune mediated, leading to structural and functional damage to the vessel wall. Our concept of vasculitis has been built around the events surrounding immune‐complex‐triggered leukocytoclastic vasculitis, while the role of lymphocyte mediated vasculitis remains largely undefined. This may be due to maintaining a stereotypic image of lymphocytic vasculitis as one associated with vascular necrosis, fibrin deposition and haemorrhage and merely substituting lymphocytes for neutrophils. Our understanding of lymphocytic vasculitis may be advanced by identifying the clinical settings in which such reactions may occur, such as autoimmune skin diseases sharing features with graft vs host disease, as well as recognizing that lymphocyte mediated inflammation may lead to a morphologically distinct group of vasculitides, apart from those associated with angiodestruction.

Lymphocytic endovasculitis, lymphocytic lichenoid vasculitis and granulomatous vasculitis are potential examples of lymphocytic vasculitis that differ from the histological pattern seen in association with immune complex leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Ultimately, the proof that these vasculitides are examples of lymphocytic vasculitis will rest on new techniques emerging in molecular pathology that have the capacity of analysing the immunological events beyond the current limitations posed by routine histopathology.
Severe allergic contact dermatitis induced by paraphenylenediamine in paint‐on temporary ‘tattoos’
Authors: Mohamed Matheen , Nixon Rosemary
Published: March 2003

Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a black dye with well known sensitizing properties. Its increasing use as a skin paint to produce temporary ‘tattoos’ has led to recent reports of allergic contact dermatitis. Hitherto, such cases of allergic contact dermatitis due to PPD have been localized to the original site of application of the skin paint. We report two cases of severe allergic reactions to paint‐on ‘tattoos’. Both of these patients had no prior history of sensitivity to PPD, although case 2 had previously used permanent hair dyes. In both cases, the primary eruption at the ‘tattoo’ site was followed within days by a generalized eruption which ultimately required treatment with oral corticosteroids, because the initially prescribed topical corticosteroids proved ineffective.
Disseminated granuloma annulare following erythema multiforme minor
Authors: Abraham Zeev , Feuerman Eleasar J , Schafer Ion , Feinmesser Meora
Published: March 2003

A 44‐year‐old woman presented with erythema multiforme minor followed by disseminated granuloma annulare 4 weeks later. The patient was not taking any medication and had no history of herpes simplex infection. Involvement of a delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis of these two well known disorders, as suggested by immunological investigations, may explain their concurrence in our patient. The substitution of the erythema multiforme minor lesions by an eruption of disseminated granuloma annulare at the same sites suggests the possibility of a Koebner phenomenon or an isotopic response.
Pachyonychia congenita tarda
Authors: Hannaford Rodney S , Stapleton Karen
Published: March 2003

A 42‐year‐old man presented with painful toenails which were overcurved transversely and onycholytic. Examination revealed that all toenails, the thumbs and index fingers were similarly affected. In addition, he had a small area of leukokeratosis in the mouth, epidermal cysts of the scrotal skin and a small area of hyperkeratosis on the ulnar borders of his hands. His characteristic nail changes began in the great toenails at the age of 20 years. After renal transplantation at age 39, the other nails changed and he developed the features described above. His sister has overcurvature of the fifth toenails. A diagnosis of pachyonychia congenita tarda was made. His case is compared with 14 other reported cases of this rare syndrome.
Sjögren’s syndrome and granulomatous panniculitis
Authors: Tait Clare P , Yu2 Lawrence L , Rohr1 James
Published: March 2003

An 83‐year‐old Cambodian woman presented with multiple painful erythematous nodules on the lower legs, forearms and wrists. Subsequent history and investigations revealed a granulomatous lobular panniculitis associated with Sjögren’s syndrome. This is a rare cutaneous association of Sjögrens syndrome with only three similar case reports in the literature.
Getting ahead of head lice
Authors: De Berker David , Sinclair Rodney
Published: March 2003

Dermatologists are the nominal experts in the management of head lice in Australia, yet many dermatologists infrequently treat patients with this condition. Most people are managed in the community by school nurses, local council health officers, pharmacists, paediatricians or general practitioners. Only a small number will present to the dermatologist and commonly these patients will have tried a variety of treatments and failed to respond. Resistance is reported to all of the currently available insecticide treatments and this makes management of this common community‐acquired infestation more involved.
V‐Y‐S‐plasty closure of circular defects
Authors: Sheridan Adam T , Humzah Dalvi
Published: March 2003

Standard ellipse excision of lesions followed by direct closure results in a linear scar. Linear scar contracture may disrupt adjacent anatomy, rendering negative functional and cosmetic outcomes. This is of particular relevance when operating in the vicinity of paired or symmetrical anatomic structures. The V‐Y‐S‐plasty closure of circular defects conserves tissue and all but eliminates the need for undermining of wound edges. It is ideally suited for the closure of defects adjacent to the canthi, eyelids, eyebrows, lip commissures and nasal alae. The V‐Y‐S‐plasty is also useful for the extremities where skin is under considerable tension. The technique and our refinements are described.