bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A beta2-frequency (20–30 Hz) oscillation in nonsynaptic networks of somatosensory cortex
Authors: Roopun Anita K. , Middleton Steven J. , Cunningham Mark O. , LeBeau Fiona E. N. , Bibbig Andrea , Whittington Miles A. , Traub Roger D.
Published: October 2006

Beta2 frequency (20–30 Hz) oscillations appear over somatosensory and motor cortices
in vivo
during motor preparation and can be coherent with muscle electrical activity. We describe a beta2 frequency oscillation occurring
in vitro
in networks of layer V pyramidal cells, the cells of origin of the corticospinal tract. This beta2 oscillation depends on gap junctional coupling, but it survives a cut through layer 4 and, hence, does not depend on apical dendritic electrogenesis. It also survives a blockade of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors or a blockade of GABA
A
receptors that is sufficient to suppress gamma (30–70 Hz) oscillations in superficial cortical layers. The oscillation period is determined by the M type of K
+
current.
Intrinsic apoptotic and thioredoxin pathways in human prostate cancer cell response to histone deacetylase inhibitor
Authors: Xu Weisheng , Ngo Lang , Perez Gisela , Dokmanovic Milos , Marks Paul A.
Published: October 2006

There is a great need to develop better mechanism-based therapies for prostate cancer. In this investigation, we studied four human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, DU145, LAPC4, and PC3, which differ in response to the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat), a new anticancer drug. Examining the role of intrinsic mitochondrial caspase-dependent apoptosis and caspase-independent, reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitated cell death, has provided an understanding of mechanisms that may determine the varied response to the histone deacetylase inhibitor. We found striking differences among these cancer cells in constitutive expression and response to suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in levels of antiapoptotic and proapoptotic proteins, mitochondria membrane integrity, activation of caspases, ROS accumulation, and expression of thioredoxin, the major scavenger of ROS. Identifying these differences can have predictive value in assessing therapeutic response and identifying targets to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Angiopoietin-2 functions as an autocrine protective factor in stressed endothelial cells
Authors: Daly Christopher , Pasnikowski Elizabeth , Burova Elena , Wong Vivian , Aldrich Thomas H. , Griffiths Jennifer , Ioffe Ella , Daly Thomas J. , Fandl James P. , Papadopoulos Nick , McDonald Donald M. , Thurston Gavin , Yancopoulos George D. , Rudge John S.
Published: October 2006

Angiopoietin (Ang)-2, a context-dependent agonist/antagonist for the vascular-specific Tie2 receptor, is highly expressed by endothelial cells at sites of normal and pathologic angiogenesis. One prevailing model suggests that in these settings, Ang-2 acts as an autocrine Tie2 blocker, inhibiting the stabilizing influence of the Tie2 activator Ang-1, thereby promoting vascular remodeling. However, the effects of endogenous Ang-2 on cells that are actively producing it have not been studied in detail. Here, we demonstrate that Ang-2 expression is rapidly induced in endothelial cells by the transcription factor FOXO1 after inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. We employ RNAi and blocking antibodies to show that in this setting, Ang-2 unexpectedly functions as a Tie2 agonist, bolstering Akt activity so as to provide negative feedback on FOXO1-regulated transcription and apoptosis. In addition, we show that Ang-2, like Ang-1, activates Tie2/Akt signaling
in vivo
, thereby inhibiting the expression of FOXO1 target genes. Consistent with a role for Ang-2 as a Tie2 activator, we demonstrate that Ang-2 inhibits vascular leak. Our data suggests a model in which Ang-2 expression is induced in stressed endothelial cells, where it acts as an autocrine Tie2 agonist and protective factor.
Interleukin-23 drives innate and T cell–mediated intestinal inflammation
Authors: Hue Sophie , Ahern Philip , Buonocore Sofia , Kullberg Marika C. , Cua Daniel J. , McKenzie Brent S. , Powrie Fiona , Maloy Kevin J.
Published: October 2006

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract involving aberrant activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. We have used two complementary models of IBD to examine the roles of interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines in bacterially induced intestinal inflammation. Our results clearly show that IL-23, but not IL-12, is essential for the induction of chronic intestinal inflammation mediated by innate or adaptive immune mechanisms. Depletion of IL-23 was associated with decreased proinflammatory responses in the intestine but had little impact on systemic T cell inflammatory responses. These results newly identify IL-23 as a driver of innate immune pathology in the intestine and suggest that selective targeting of IL-23 represents an attractive therapeutic approach in human IBD.
Evaluation of organic based corrosion inhibiting admixtures for reinforced concrete
Authors: Vishnudevan M. , Thangavel K.
Published: October 2006

Purpose

Admixtures are materials that are added to concrete at some stage in its production to give concrete new properties whether in fluid or plastic conditions. The admixtures used in the construction industry are broadly classified into Mineral and Chemical admixtures. In recent years, the use of mineral and chemical admixtures in producing high performance concrete has increased significantly. The chemical reaction of cement with admixtures differs from material to material. Calcium nitrite based corrosion inhibiting admixtures have gained popularity for protection of reinforced and pre‐stressed concrete structures but calcium nitrite is not commercialized indigenously in India due to manufacturing difficulties. Hence, the objective of the present investigation was to study a novel corrosion inhibiting admixture system and to compare its effectiveness with sodium nitrite.

Design/methodology/approach

Di‐sodium phthalate, sodium orthophosphate and sodium nitrite‐based corrosion inhibiting admixtures were selected for the present investigation. The critical quantities of corrosion inhibiting additives were determined by accelerated laboratory tests. The following types of tests were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the corrosion inhibiting admixtures: compressive strength of 100 × 100 × 100 mm concrete cubes after 3,7,14 and 28 days of curing, linear polarization resistance measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, an accelerated 12 V controlled potential test.

Findings

From the above tests, the inhibitor admixtured concrete not only improved in compressive strength but also increased its corrosion resistance properties. Of the inhibitors studied, di‐sodium phthalate showed superior corrosion resistance properties, compared to sodium nitrite.

Originality/value

Di‐sodium phthalate may be considered a better substitute for calcium nitrite‐based corrosion inhibiting admixtures for durable concrete structures. This fulfils the objective of the investigation.
Gum arabic as a potential corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in alkaline medium and its adsorption characteristics
Authors: Umoren S.A. , Obot I.B. , Ebenso E.E. , Okafor P.C. , Ogbobe O. , Oguzie E.E.
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To investigate the inhibitive effect of gum arabic (GA) for the corrosion of aluminium in alkaline (NaOH) medium and determine its adsorption characteristics. The present work is another trial to find a cheap and environmentally safe inhibitor for aluminium corrosion.

Design/methodology/approach

The inhibition efficiency (%I) has been evaluated using the hydrogen evolution (via the gasometric assembly) and the thermometric methods at 30 and 40°C. The concentrations of GA (inhibitor) used were 0.1‐0.5 g/l and the concentrations of NaOH (the corrodent) were 0.1‐2.5 M. The mechanism of adsorption inhibition and type of adsorption isotherms were proposed from the trend of inhibition efficiency with temperature, Ea, ΔGads and Qads values.

Findings

GA inhibited the corrosion of aluminium in NaOH solutions. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in GA concentration and with increase in temperature. Phenomenon of chemical adsorption is proposed for the inhibition and the process followed the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The results obtained in this study for the %I were comparable for the two methods used and were corroborated by kinetic and thermodynamic parameters evaluated from the experimental data.

Research limitations/implications

Further investigations involving electrochemical studies such as polarization method will enlighten more on the mechanistic aspect of the corrosion inhibition.

Originality/value

This paper provides new information on the possible application of GA as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor even in highly aggressive alkaline environments. It has not been published elsewhere.
Characterisation of high temperature oxide scales for plasma sprayed NiCrAlY coated Ni‐ and Fe‐based superalloys
Authors: Singh H. , Puri D. , Prakash S. , Srinivas M.
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To characterise the high temperature oxide scales for some plasma sprayed NiCrAlY coated Ni‐ and Fe‐based superalloys.

Design/methodology/approach

Ni‐22Cr‐10Al‐1Y metallic coatings were deposited on two Ni‐based superalloys; Superni 601 and Superni 718 and one Fe‐based superalloy; Superfer 800H by the shrouded plasma spray process. Oxidation studies were conducted on uncoated as well as plasma spray coated superalloys in air at 900°C under cyclic conditions for 50 cycles. Each cycle consisted of 1 h heating followed by 20 min of cooling in air. The thermogravimetric technique was used to approximate the kinetics of oxidation. X‐ray diffraction, SEM/EDAX and EPMA techniques were used to analyse the oxide scales.

Findings

All of the coated, as well as the uncoated, superalloys followed an alnost‐parabolic rate of oxidation. The NiCrAlY coating was found to be successful in maintaining its continuous contact with the superalloy substrates in all the cases. The oxide scales formed on the exposed NiCrAlY coated superalloys were found to be intact and spallation‐free. The main phases analysed for the coated superalloys were oxides of nickel, chromium and aluminium and spinel of nickel and chromium, which are expected to be useful for developing oxidation resistance at high temperatures.

Practical implications

The coated superalloys showed remarkable cyclic oxidation resistance under simulated laboratory conditions. However, it is suggested that these coated superalloys also should be tested in actual industrial environments of boilers and gas turbines, etc. so as to obtain more practical and reliable oxidation data.

Originality/value

The knowledge of the reaction kinetics and the nature of the surface oxide scales formed during oxidation is important for evaluating the alloys for their use and degradation characteristics in high temperature applications such as steam boilers, furnace equipment, heat exchangers and piping in chemical industry, reformer, baffle plates/tubes in fertilizer plants, jet engines, pump bodies and parts.
Degradation behaviour of borosilicate glass: some studies
Authors: Manikandan Shobha , Jagannath  , Shrikhande V.K. , Kothiyal G.P.
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To study the degradation behaviour of borosilicate glass, which is suitable for hermetic sealing with Molybdenum and Kovar (Fe/Co/Ni) alloys, as a function of concentration and temperature in both acidic and alkaline media for long durations, up to 160 h.

Design/methodology/approach

The degradation (weight loss in mg/cm2 of the glass sample) was determined by immersing the glass sample in HCl and NaOH solutions at different temperatures for different periods extending up to 300 h. The damage to the glass surface was seen under an optical microscope and the chemical species on the corroded surface were identified by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis.

Findings

The borosilicate glass, having the nominal composition 0.70 SiO2, 0.039 Na2O, 0.028 K2O, 0.21 B2O3, 0.01 Al2O3 was synthesized by melt and quench techniques. Degradation (corrosion) behaviour of this glass was investigated by immersing glass samples in 5 and 10 per cent HCl and 5 per cent NaOH solutions at different temperatures up to 90°C, for different periods and measuring dissolution rate (weight loss in mg/cm2 of the sample). Dissolution rates were found to be 5.47 mg/cm2 and 46.77 mg/cm2 in 5 per cent NaOH at 60 and 90°C, respectively, whereas they were comparatively low (2.59 and 5.80 mg/cm2 at 60 and 90°C, respectively, in 5 per cent HCl medium) after 160 h of total immersion period. The plot of dissolution rates against the temperatures showed the nonlinear behaviour at higher temperatures, probably due to the change in mechanism of corrosion. XPS studies exhibited the chemical species on the corroded surfaces. The optical microscopy of the corroded surface revealed that the corrosion mechanisms were different in acid and alkali media.

Research limitations/implications

The degradation behaviour of borosilicate glass having a specific composition has been investigated as a function of concentration and temperature in both acid and alkaline media. The mixed alkali effect on the degradation behaviour may be studied by varying relative amount of Na2O and K2O in the glass composition.

Practical implications

The glass composition under the present study has been used for fabrication of matched type glass‐to‐metal (GM) seals with kovar alloy. In this respect the present study is significant in deciding the environmental conditions for its use.

Originality/value

The degradation behaviour of borosilicate glass having alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides has been investigated as a function of concentration and temperature in both acid and alkali media. The findings in this paper have the potential implications in deciding the environmental conditions for use of GM seals fabricated using this glass.
Study on tribological and corrosion inhibiting properties of thiadiazole derivative as lubricant grease additive
Authors: Hu Jian‐Qiang , Wei Xian‐Yong , Zong Zhi‐Min
Published: October 2006

Purpose

Pure 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (DMTD) disulfide dimer (DMS2) shows excellent four ball weld properties, however, the product is a solid material with relatively low initial seizure load and exhibits certain corrosion, which accelerate oxidation of the lubricant by catalytic effect on metals. The author make efforts to resolve problems said by design a novel thiadiazole complex.

Design/methodology/approach

The complex of thiadiazole dimmer and polyglycol (DMS2‐GL) was synthesized as ashless grease additive. The antiwear and load carrying properties of the additive and their synergistic effects was evaluated by four ball tester in four types of lubricant grease. Moreover, corrosion inhibiting properties of compositions said was investigated by copper corrosion test.

Findings

The additive DMS2‐GL possessed good load carrying capacity, and exhibits good synergistic antiwear and load carrying prop with rust inhibitor. In addition, dates obtained from copper corrosion test show that it does not corrode copper but coats the metal with a film, and could improve the anticorrosion of corrosive additives molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP) and molybdenum dibutyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) by forming protective films on rubbing surface, which contribute to improving corrosion inhibiting property of greases. Finally, the tribo‐chemical mechanism was proposed that thiadiazole dimer and polyglycol could coordinate with each other by polydentate surface interaction, which means thiadiazole rings interact with the metal surface, polyglycol affords a bridging technology linked thiadiazole dimmers so as to lighten loads and strengthen forces between thiadiazole dimmer moleculars.

Originality/value

This paper provides a good ashless additive which has good antiwear, extreme pressure and corrosion inhibiting properties, and fulfils an identified resources need, which can offer practical help in industrial applications and to an individual starting out on an academic career.
Devolved HRM responsibilities, middle‐managers and role dissonance
Authors: McConville Teri
Published: October 2006

Purpose

This paper aims to report a study into the role of middle line managers, in public services, in relation to devolved HRM. The paper notes that the intermediacy of middle management leads to a distinct and unique form of role tension. A model is offered to explain that phenomenon, which is exacerbated by HRM responsibilities, and emphasises the importance of middle line managers within organisations.

Design/methododology/approach

The paper shows that focused, qualitative discussions complemented earlier research. The NHS, Armed Forces and Fire Service were investigated to inform and test an explanatory framework for the phenomenon that is here denoted as role dissonance.

Findings

The paper found that middle line managers want to be proactive in HRM and are taking ownership of HRM and are exceeding their job requirements to do so. However, while it can potentially enhance their role, HRM adds to what is already a substantial workload. Especially, middle managers need to mediate tensions between strategic planners. That unique function, formerly shared with personnel managers, exaggerates the middleness of their roles and is a source of strain for individuals.

Practical implications

The model presented in this paper demonstrates how a range of cultural and structural factors impact on individual and organisational expectations and behaviours. The result is a role‐based phenomenon, which is a distinct feature of middle‐line management, and shows many similarities to cognitive dissonance.

Originality/value

The paper offers new concepts to explain a well‐reported phenomenon that has, so far, not been adequately elucidated.
On complex adaptive systems and agent‐based modelling for improving decision‐making in manufacturing and logistics settings
Authors: Nilsson Fredrik , Darley Vince
Published: October 2006

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the tactical and operational decision making of manufacturing and logistics operations by providing novel insights into modelling and simulation, based on complex adaptive systems (CAS).

Design/methodology/approach

The research approach is theoretically based on CAS with agent‐based modelling (ABM) as the implementation method. A case study is presented where an agent‐based model has contributed to increased understanding and precision in decision making at a packaging company in the UK.

Findings

The results suggest that ABM provides decision‐makers with robust and accurate “what‐if” scenarios of the dynamic interplay among several business functions. These scenarios can guide managers in the process of moving from policy space to performance space, i.e. concerning priorities of improvement efforts and choices of production/manufacturing policies, warehouse policies, customer service policies and logistics policies. Furthermore, it is found that ABM can include and pay attention to several aspects of CAS and thus provide understanding of, and explanation for, the patterns and effects which emerge in manufacturing and logistics settings.

Practical implications

Aided by agent‐based models and simulations, practitioners' levels of intuition can be enhanced since patterns on the macro level emerge from agents' interactive behaviour. Together with insights from CAS these emergent patterns can be explained and understood, and are thus beneficial for the improvement of decision making in companies.

Originality/value

The case presented distinguishes this paper from what has been written in previous articles on the application of ABM, since such articles have not produced any empirically verified results after implementation of ABM.
Inventory: catalyst for collection development
Authors: Shouse Daniel L. , Teel Linda
Published: October 2006

Purpose

The intent of this article is to show the direct outcomes of an inventory project, which served as the catalyst for collection development improvements.

Design/methodology/approach

An inventory project was undertaken with a major emphasis on the outcomes derived from the inventory.

Findings

Several types of problems were discovered, such as missing items, incorrect information (call numbers, collection codes, item types, etc. …), damaged materials, and weaknesses in the collection, which resulted in major improvements and changes in the development of the collection.

Originality/value

The results of the inventory project improved the accessibility of the collection to patrons by correcting many inconsistencies involving the shelving of materials, online records, call numbers, collection codes, item types, and bar codes. The location of missing items as well as identified areas of strengths and weaknesses assisted with collection development activities. The results of the project also provided an opportunity to hire a consulting firm to further assess the collection, which led to additional funds for supporting the collection. The single major benefit of the inventory process was that it provided the catalyst for instigating major changes in the curriculum collection development of the Teaching Resources Center.
The SwissInfoDesk experiment: the building of a website subject gateway as a contributive part of a virtual reference desk
Authors: Accart Jean‐Philippe
Published: October 2006

Purpose

Virtual Reference Desks are new online services developed by libraries and this paper aims to give the example of SwissInfoDesk, the VRD of the Swiss National Library set up in 2003. The main approach is a focus on how SwissInfoDesk is built, maintained and developed, considering users' interests with a proposed list of topics on Switzerland. The most significant differences between SwissInfoDesk and other VRDs are the multilingual aspects (four languages are represented) and the link between a directory of selected Swiss official websites and the reference desk itself. The user can search by himself or address his request to the desk. SwissInfoDesk illustrates the ongoing changes in reference work and the new dimension of communication between information specialists and information‐seekers.

Design/methodology/approach

After a short introduction on website subject gateways and virtual reference desk, the main approach is a focus on how SwissInfoDesk is built, maintained and developed, considering users' interests with a proposed list of topics on Switzerland.

Findings

The most significant differences between SwissInfoDesk and other VRDs are the multilingual aspects (four languages are represented) and the link between a directory of selected Swiss official websites and the reference desk itself.

Originality/value

SwissInfoDesk illustrates the ongoing changes in reference work and the new dimension of communication between information specialists and information‐seekers. The projects to develop SwissInfoDesk in the future are given. The marketing policy is an important part of this development, joined to cooperation and partnership in Switzerland and in Europe.
Computer vision technology for agricultural robotics
Authors: Milella A. , Reina G. , Foglia M.
Published: October 2006

Purpose

Aims at developing vision‐based algorithms to improve efficiency and quality in agricultural applications. Two case studies are analyzed dealing with the harvest of radicchio and the post‐harvest of fennel, respectively.

Design/methodology/approach

Presents two visual algorithms, which are called the radicchio visual localization (RVL) and fennel visual identification (FVI). The RVL serves as a detection system of radicchio plants in the field for a robotic harvester. The FVI provides information to an automated cutting device to remove the parts of fennel unfit for the market, i.e. root and leaves. Laboratory and field experiments are described to validate our approach and asses the performance of our visual modules.

Findings

Both the visual systems presented showed to be effective in experimental trials, computational efficient, accurate, and robust to noises and lighting variations. Computer vision could be successfully adopted in the intelligent and automated production of fresh market vegetables to improve quality and efficiency.

Practical implications

Provides guidance in the development of vision‐based algorithms for agricultural applications.

Originality/value

Describes visual algorithms based on intelligent morphological and color filters which lends themselves very well to agricultural applications and allow robustness and real‐time performance.
Vision based macadamia yield assessment
Authors: Dunn Mark , Billingsley John , Bell David
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To describe the prototype macadamia nut yield monitor.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the machine vision‐based yield monitor for macadamia nut plantations is described. A summary of sensor fusion procedures is presented. Additionally, a summary of current testing progress is provided.

Findings

Using vision to count nuts has the potential to revolutionise yield monitoring for the macadamia industry. Additionally, using a vision sensor for in‐field location can provide a low cost, highly accurate method of positioning. Tractor (and nut) location can be determined accurate to 12 mm.

Practical implications

This project has culminated in the creation of a working prototype harvester. A commercial unit is in the design stage for operation in 2007 harvest season.

Originality/value

This paper describes the solution to a particular problem in the macadamia industry, with potential use in wider fields.
Gender‐based stereotypes in the workplace: the case of Greece
Authors: Mihail Dimitrios
Published: October 2006

Purpose

Organizations need to address stereotypical bias in order to ensure that they do not underutilize any segment of the talent pool, and scarce managerial skills are effectively deployed. To this aim, research on gender stereotypes would provide valuable information to corporate leaders. Given the dearth of empirical research on this issue for the case of Greece, the current study was designed to explore the relationship between attitudes toward women as managers and gender‐based stereotypes.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Participants in the survey were 173 full‐time employees working for firms across all the sectors of the economy.

Findings

The main findings indicate that the primary source of shaping respondents’ attitudes is their own gender. Other personal characteristics such as age, education, managerial experience, and working under a female supervisor seem not to have a measurable effect on employees’ stereotypic attitudes toward women in management. Furthermore, organizational characteristics such as the firm's nationality, ownership, sector, or department do not seem to provide any source of variance in employees’ attitudes.

Research limitations/implications

Further research to extend the current investigation to employers and managers would allow for a more articulated discussion of the main sources of influence on stereotypical attitudes toward women in management.

Originality/value

Given the scarcity of empirical research on stereotyping and women's career prospects in Greece, this study contributes to debates in the wider academic community on the issue of analysing empirically stereotypic attitudes toward women as managers.
Towards an international debate on gender studies
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen
Published: October 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present information on gender studies and feminist approaches in Germany and cross‐national perspectives on the challenges and chances of changing science systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is report on an international conference in Germany “Re‐visioning the future. Perspectives in gender studies”. It discusses selected topics – race, class, gender and gender and professions – to highlight the need for and benefit of an international debate on gender studies.

Findings

International and comparative research into gender expands the scope of gender studies both internationally and in one country.

Originality/value

The paper adds new geopolitical perspectives to a debate on gender studies and equal opportunities in academia that is shaped by Anglo American research.
The relationship between the trust, hope, and normative and continuance commitment of merger survivors
Authors: Ozag David
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To determine the nature of the relationship between merger survivors' trust, hope, and normative and continuance commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

Correlation and multiple regression studies.

Findings

The results indicate a statistically significant relationship between merger survivors' trust, hope, and normative commitment. The results of a correlation study indicate no significant relationship between merger survivors' trust, hope, and continuance commitment.

Research limitations/implications

One limitation evolved from the scales used to measure the relationship between the study's constructs. The scales were not isolated to measure particular aspects of merger survivors' trust, hope, nor normative and continuance organizational commitment. Also, debate exists regarding the proper time to evaluate mergers survivors' perceptions regarding the merger.

Practical implications

Trust in management can reduce perceptions of threat and harm, and facilitate constructive, goal‐determined, survivor responses. Hope can enhance merger survivors' sense that they could cope with the merger. In turn, high levels of hope produced more active responses to the merger. Active and constructive survivor responses can produce positive commitment toward the organization. Conversely, a lack of trust in management can increase perceptions of threat and harm in merger survivors. The lack of trust in certain merger survivors can facilitate destructive responses, where the merger survivors' focus is on goals outside the organization.

Originality/value

No systematic attempts to understand the relationship among the constructs has been identified.
KM implementation in Malaysian telecommunication industry
Authors: Chin Wei Chong , Siong Choy Chong , Heng Ping Yeow Paul
Published: October 2006

Purpose

This paper aims assess to the perceived importance (PI) and actual implementation (AI) of five preliminary knowledge management (KM) success factors, i.e. business strategy, organizational structure, knowledge team, knowledge audit, and knowledge map in the Malaysian telecommunication industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted on telecommunication organizations located in the capital of Malaysia. Data were analyzed using indices and parametric statistics.

Findings

The results show that the organizations are aware of the importance of all the KM factors but fall short of implementation. The implemented factors consist of business strategy, organizational structure, and knowledge team. Knowledge audit and knowledge map are perceived as important but are the least implemented factors.

Research limitations/implications

This study was conducted in only one industry in Malaysia. Furthermore, it focuses on the preliminary success factors of KM implementation rather than on learning and knowledge utilization.

Practical implications

Telecommunication organizations have to overcome resources problems and enhance implementation level in order to narrow the gaps for effective, full scale KM implementation in the later stage. Such viable practice will significantly help the industry not only to compete more effectively within Malaysia, but also to position itself as a global player in the world.

Originality/value

This study is perhaps one of the first to address the preliminary steps to be dealt with prior to KM implementation. Moreover, it attempts to compare the PI and AI of the five proposed success factors, which has received very little attention to date.
A contingency model to promote the effectiveness of expatriate training
Authors: Lee Li‐Yueh , Croker Robert
Published: October 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influences of expatriate characteristics, complexity of task assignment and perceived cross‐cultural differences on needs for expatriate training, and expatriate training effectiveness and to evaluate the influences of the fit between the expatriate's learning style and instructor's teaching modes on training effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey methodology was adopted to obtain data from the opinions of expatriates in foreign companies within Taiwan and China. Quantitative data were used to answer the research questions. A total of 400 foreign companies, with 200 in Taiwan and 200 in China, were selected as the survey sample. Hierarchical regression analyses were adopted to test the five research questions as developed in this study.

Findings

The study results revealed that expatriates' perceived needs for training were negatively influenced by competence and adaptability to work in the overseas assignment. Expatriates' perceived needs for expatriation training were also influenced by the complexity of the task assignment, capability of host country managers, and the perceived cross‐culture differences between the home country and host country. Furthermore, the levels of fit between expatriate learning preferences and the instructor's teaching methods did moderate the relationship between the need for expatriate training and the effectiveness of such training.

Research limitations/implications

First, since this study adopts cross‐sectional research design and examines the opinions of expatriates at one point in time, directional relationships may not be clear. It is recommended that future research conduct longitudinal studies to confirm the findings of this study. Second, due to the constraints of time and resources, the samples of this study are limited to expatriates working for foreign firms in Taiwan and in China. The generalization of the study results should thus be interpreted with appropriate caution. It is recommended that the same questionnaire, or an abbreviated form, could be used for expatriates in other countries, such as expatriates of multinational subsidiaries with US, Japanese, and European investment origins. Additional research will further confirm the validity and generalizability of the findings.

Originality/value

The training of expatriates has been recognized as one of the key elements for the success of business globalization. However, the evaluation of the effectiveness of training and development for overseas expatriates has remained largely unclear. The results of this study enabled one to understand how relevant contingency factors influence expatriate training needs and effectiveness. These findings could provide importance references for academics and practitioners when deciding on business practices.
The Baldrige Education Criteria for Performance Excellence Framework
Authors: Abdulla Badri Masood , Selim Hassan , Alshare Khaled , Grandon Elizabeth E. , Younis Hassan , Abdulla Mohammed
Published: October 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically test the causal relationships in the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) Education Performance Excellence Criteria.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 220 respondents from 15 United Arab Emirates (UAE) universities and colleges, results of regression analysis and confirmatory structural equation modeling show that all of the hypothesized causal relationships in the Baldrige model are statistically significant.

Findings

A comprehensive “measurement model” grounded in the Baldrige Performance Excellence in Education Criteria for the 33 items of measurement is developed, tested, and found to be valid and reliable. Leadership is identified as a driver for all components in the Baldrige System, including measurement, analysis and knowledge management, strategic planning, faculty and staff focus and process management. All Baldrige components (categories) are significantly linked with organizational outcomes as represented by the two categories of organizational performance results and student, stakeholder and market focus. The paper also tests the statistical fit of the only Baldrige model dealing with higher education, which was published in 1998 by Winn and Cameron.

Research limitations/implications

The data obtained are based on a sample of UAE higher education institutions. Studies in other countries should be conducted using the developed model to ensure the reliability of the results obtained.

Practical implications

A greater understanding of the linkages between the elements making‐up the MBNQA Education Performance Excellence Criteria model, facilitating the guiding role that the award models play in the implementation of quality management in higher education.

Originality/value

For the first time, an instrument of the MBNQA Education Performance Excellence Criteria is developed and tested. A new in‐depth and holistic perspective for examining the relationships and linkages in the MBNQA Education Performance Excellence Criteria model is provided.
Computer‐aided SPC and cybernetic view on quality control
Authors: Pan Xia
Published: October 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to put forward the view that systems theory, cybernetics, information theory, and dissipative structure theory should be the fundamental principles underlying quality management. These “new sciences” relate to quality management not just in terms of philosophy but also in the requirements of the well‐structured quantitative analysis methods.

Design/methodology/approach

Discusses several issues in quality management and control from the views of the new sciences, then proposes the concept of computer‐aided statistical process control (CASPC) to bridge traditional statistical process control and automatic process control, and the use of ARIMA models to achieve CASPC for linear systems.

Findings

Notes that there are implications of the new sciences for quality control and presents a discussion of same.

Originality/value

Is of value by pointing out that computer‐aided statistical process control for dynamic systems can be the realistic way of leading towards more advanced systematic control approaches.
Considering unlearning in HRD practices: an Australian study
Authors: Becker Karen , Hyland Paul , Acutt Bruce
Published: October 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the level of consideration given to unlearning during human resource development interventions and to identify the methods being used to reinforce training and development.

Design/methodology/approach

A self‐administered questionnaire was given to a convenience sample of employers in regional Queensland and the Northern Territory, Australia. Analysis of responses using descriptive statistics was conducted to identify whether approaches differed in relation to unlearning and reinforcement between large and small organisations, and between those with high labour turnover and those with low labour turnover.

Findings

Results reveal that larger organisations give far more consideration to unlearning than smaller organisations. Those organisations with high labour turnover focus less on unlearning that those with a more stable workforce. Coaching and performance feedback were reported as the most commonly used method of reinforcement of learning and unlearning.

Research limitations/implications

Low response rates mean that results are not statistically generalisable. Owing to the regional location of respondents there may be differences in findings in large metropolitan centres.

Practical implications

Reinforces to practitioners the need to consider unlearning, and also indicates a need for further research in this area. From a managerial perspective the results show that managers need to employ a range of tools and techniques to ensure unlearning can occur.

Originality/value

This paper reports on a study examining unlearning; and begins to address the lack of empirical research on this important concept.
Does class matter? Mentoring small businesses' owner‐managers
Authors: Greenbank Paul
Published: October 2006

Purpose

This paper examines the way social class influences the relationship between business mentors and small business owner‐managers.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on the author's experience of mentoring businesses with The Prince's Trust. Three businesses were selected as cases. The methodological approach involved participant‐observation over an extended period of time. These observations were supplemented by semi‐structured interviews.

Findings

The paper focuses on Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and cultural capital as key influences on the values and dispositions of owner‐managers. The working class owner‐managers in this study lacked a future orientation and as a result “lived for today”. They also had a fatalistic attitude to life arising from both their experience and an understanding of their “position” in society. Low aspiration levels were also evident in the way the owner‐managers in this study viewed ambition as “pretentious” and “getting above oneself”. In addition, they resisted the idea of being “rational” and preferred to utilise informal or “hot” information.

Practical implications

This paper concludes that professionals should resist adopting a “deficit model” that automatically assumes the values of the mentor are superior to those of the owner‐manager. In order to avoid this it is suggested that professionals should adopt a reflexive approach in their relationships with clients.

Originality/value

It could be argued that other factors besides social class will influence the owner‐manager/business mentor relationship and the way these businesses are run. However, a focus on social class was felt to be appropriate because of its neglect in small business research.
Construction machines
Authors: Ćirović Goran , Plamenac Darko
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To define the ratio of usability of various options in the choice of construction machinery for concreting operations which is realistic in practice, as well as the ratio of usability of various mathematical tools.

Design/methodology/approach

In construction industry optimal choice of options of construction machines is obtained mostly by a conventional procedure. However, a conventional procedure does not often give a clear answer to a question which option should be chosen as the best one, so that some other method for the choice of machinery should be employed in a decision‐making process. Owing to uncertain and imprecise environment in which a system of construction machines exists, the theories of rough sets and fuzzy sets are chosen as mathematical framework to solve a problem of optimal choice of construction machinery.

Findings

The need for application of three models – conventional procedure and rough and fuzzy sets approaches, in optimal choice of options of construction machines, is recognized.

Research limitations/implications

Accessibility and availability of data are the main limitations which model will be applied.

Practical implications

A very useful advice for construction processes managers.

Originality/value

The new approach of optimal choice of options of construction machines due to fuzzy and rough sets. The paper is aimed at operational researches and engineers, especially those who dealt with machinery.
Design for viable organizations
Authors: Schwaninger Markus
Published: October 2006

Purpose

This paper attempts to underpin the theoretical claim of the viable system model to specify the necessary and sufficient preconditions of organizations for viability.

Design/methodology/approach

A number of case studies are explored.

Findings

The evidence documented in the paper both corroborates the model's claim and provides evidence of its enormous diagnostic power.

Originality/value

The cases documented here cover a wide range of applications, thus underlining the vast potential of the VSM. The case studies exemplify the unparalleled strength of the model as a conceptual framework for better organizational diagnosis and design, and can therefore be used for didactic purposes.
Innovative organisation approach to sustainable tourism development in rural areas
Authors: Sibila Lebe Sonja , Milfelner Borut
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To work out an innovative organisation model for tourism destinations in rural areas.

Design/methodology/approach

By outlining the problematic of tourism development in rural areas and implementing the concept of network management and the systems theory, we developed an innovative approach to destination management for non‐urban areas.

Findings

Network management means a new lesson for destination management. Our model has been conceived to systematically deal with different subsystems and both systemic and non‐systemic entities in a rural destination.

Research limitations/implications

The focus is limited to destination management in rural areas only. Although several methods suit different types of destinations, some seem to be less adequate for rural areas. The model was intended to search an optimal organisational model only.

Originality/value

The model introduces an original approach to the destination management and allows its application in a wide range of real situations. It can help achieving a better organisation and thus an improved competitiveness of a rural destination.
Moral invention in meaning‐constituting systems
Authors: Laflamme Diane
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To present the concept of moral invention as discussed by philosopher Paul Ricoeur and to examine how the selections operated by systems described by Niklas Luhmann as meaning‐constituting systems allow for the emergence of distinctions that would qualify as moral invention.

Design/methodology/approach

Ricoeur's philosophical position on ethics and morality is rooted in Husserlian phenomenology. So is Niklas Luhmann's description of meaning‐constituting systems and his discussion of their capacity to produce meaningful distinctions, including ethico‐moral ones. An interdisciplinary approach is used in order to highlight the conditions under which moral invention could become possible. In order to provide grounds for further discussions across disciplines, the extensive use of quotations is deemed necessary so that the material referred to can be traced back within Luhmann's extensive corpus, written and published in many languages.

Findings

Propositions are formulated as comments following the presentation of three of Luhmann's statements about meaning. These propositions indicate how meaning‐constituting systems could make distinctions or selections that would qualify as moral inventions.

Originality/value

To shows how second‐order cybernetics and philosophy, using as a common basis a description of meaning inspired by Husserlian phenomenology, can develop complementary propositions about ethics and morality.