bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative transmissibility of hand, foot and mouth disease from male to female individuals
Authors: Liao Yuxue , He Yaqing , Lu Yan , Yang Hong , Su Yanhua , Chiang Yi-Chen , Zhao Benhua , Xiong Huawei , Chen Tianmu
Published: October 2019

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has spread widely and leads to high disease burden in many countries. However, relative transmissibility from male to female individuals remains unclear. HFMD surveillance database was built in Shenzhen City from 2013 to 2017. An intersex transmission susceptible–infectious–recovered model was developed to calculate the transmission relative rate among male individuals, among female individuals, from male to female and from female to male. Two indicators, ratio of transmission relative rate (R
β
) and relative transmissibility index (RTI), were developed to assess the relative transmissibility of male vs. female. During the study period, 270 347 HFMD cases were reported in the city, among which 16 were death cases with a fatality of 0.0059%. Reported incidence of total cases, male cases and female cases was 0.0057 (range: 0.0036–0.0058), 0.0052 (range: 0.0032–0.0053) and 0.0044 (range: 0.0026–0.0047), respectively. The difference was statistically significant between male and female (t = 3.046, P = 0.002). R
β
of male vs. female, female vs. female, from female to male vs. female and from male to female vs. female was 7.69, 1.00, 1.74 and 7.13, respectively. RTI of male vs. female, female vs. female, from female to male vs. female and from male to female vs. female was 3.08, 1.00, 1.88 and 1.43, respectively. Transmissibility of HFMD is different between male and female individuals. Male cases seem to be more transmissible than female.
Interpersonal childhood adversity and stress generation in adolescence: Moderation by HPA axis multilocus genetic variation
Authors: Huang Meghan , Starr Lisa R.
Published: October 2019

Research suggests that childhood adversity (CA) is associated with a wide range of repercussions, including an increased likelihood of interpersonal stress generation. This may be particularly true following interpersonal childhood adversity (ICA) and for youth with high hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related genetic risk. In the current study, we applied a multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) approach to measuring HPA axis-related genetic variation and examined its interaction with ICA to predict interpersonal stress generation in a sample of adolescents aged 14–17 (N = 241, Caucasian subsample n = 192). MGPSs were computed using 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms from HPA axis-related genes (CRHR1, NRC31, NRC32, and FKBP5). ICA significantly predicted greater adolescent interpersonal dependent stress. Additionally, MGPS predicted a stronger association between ICA and interpersonal dependent (but not independent or noninterpersonal dependent) stress. No gene–environment interaction (G×E) effects were found for noninterpersonal CA and MGPS in predicting adolescent interpersonal dependent stress. Effects remained after controlling for current depressive symptoms and following stratification by race. Findings extend existing G×E research on stress generation to HPA axis-related genetic variation and demonstrate effects specific to the interpersonal domain.
Key Points of Preliminary Treatment for Patients with Extremity Trauma Based on Analysis of Amputation Cases
Authors: Jiang Yao , Liu Ming-Hua , Xiang Qiang , Wang Yun-Gui
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Severe trauma can lead to amputation of limbs. There is no golden standard or comprehensive evaluation indicator for amputation. It is difficult for the primary rescue organization to focus on the most essential indicators and to determine whether to perform amputation or take proper operation.

Problem:

For medical staff in first-line medical teams for disaster relief or in a common primary hospital, what indicators should they focus on to keep the patient’s limbs when they receive wounded patients with severe trauma?

Methods:

A retrospective case-control study was performed based on the patients with severe trauma from January 2013 through December 2018 in the emergency department of Southwest Hospital (Shapingba District, Chongqing, China), a Level I trauma center. A total of 165 cases were divided into amputation group (n = 79) and non-amputation control group (n = 86), which had severe skin and muscle injury but without amputation. The causes of trauma and the special cases were analyzed. Binary logistic regression models were used to find the essential indicators for amputation.

Conclusions:

Neurovascular injury with delayed treatment was the most decisive indicator leading to amputation, and time phase was also important for limb salvage. Preliminary treatment of disaster victims and patients with severe trauma should focus on neurovascular status and timely delivery.
Forensic psychiatry and mental health in Australia: an overview
Authors: Ellis Andrew
Published: October 2019

This article reviews the development of forensic psychiatry and mental health services in Australia for the international reader. It covers the legacy of a series of colonial systems that have contributed to a modern health service that interacts with justice systems. The development of relevant legislation, hospitals, prison services, community, and courts services is reviewed. The training and academic development of professionals is covered. Gaps in service delivery and future directions are considered.
Intake of selected foods and beverages and serum uric acid levels in adults: ELSA-Brasil (2008–2010)
Authors: Silva Michelle Timóteo da , Diniz Maria de Fátima Haueisen Sander , Coelho Carolina Gomes , Vidigal Pedro Guatimosim , Telles Rosa Weiss , Barreto Sandhi Maria
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To investigate the association between the intake of selected food groups and beverages and serum uric acid (UA).

Design:

Cross-sectional study using the baseline data (2008–2010) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Food intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire with 114 items. Linear and logistic regressions investigated the associations between the daily intake of each food group (servings/d) and UA (mg/dl) and hyperuricemia (UA ≥ 6·8 mg/dl), respectively. All the analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, energy intake and all food groups.

Setting:

Teaching and research institutions from six Brazilians states.

Subjects:

The participants were 14 320 active and retired civil servants, aged 35–74 years.

Results:

Higher intake of dairy products was associated with lower serum UA levels in both sexes, with a statistical dose-response gradient. High meat intake was associated with high UA only in women, and high intake of organ meats, in men. Intake of fish and fruits, vegetables and legumes were not associated with serum UA. In men, moderate and high intake of alcoholic beverages, specifically beer and spirits, but not wine, increased UA. In women, only high intake of alcoholic beverages, specifically beer, was associated with increased serum UA. Similar associations were seen for hyperuricemia.

Conclusions:

Results suggest a potential beneficial role of dairy products consumption on UA levels. The association between alcohol intake and UA differed according to type of beverage and between sexes. Results reinforce the need to consider the whole diet in the analysis and to conduct sex stratified analysis.
Socio-economic and ethnic disparities of malnutrition in all its forms in Guatemala
Authors: Mazariegos Mónica , Kroker-Lobos María F , Ramírez-Zea Manuel
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To analyse disparities of malnutrition in all its forms by socio-economic indicators in children aged <5 years, adolescent girls and women of reproductive age (WRA).

Design:

We defined wasting/underweight, stunting/short stature, overweight and obesity following the WHO criteria for children aged <5 years, adolescents and WRA. We evaluated the prevalence of malnutrition by wealth status, education level and ethnicity (indigenous/non-indigenous).

Setting:

Guatemalan 2014–2015 National Maternal and Child Health Survey.

Participants:

Children aged <5 years (n 11 962), adolescent girls aged 15–19 years (n 1086) and WRA aged 20–49 years (n 11 354).

Results:

Stunting/short stature prevalence among children, adolescents and WRA was 2·8, 2·1 and 2·0 times higher in the poorest compared with the richest; 2·9, 2·9 and 2·1 times higher in the lower educational level than in the highest; and 1·7, 1·7 and 1·6 times higher in the indigenous than in the non-indigenous population. In contrast, overweight/obesity prevalence among children, adolescents and WRA was 1·6, 2·1 and 1·8 times higher in the richest compared with the poorest; 1·6, 1·3 and 1·3 times higher in the higher educational level than in the lowest; and 1·3, 1·7 and 1·3 times higher in the non-indigenous than in the indigenous population.

Conclusions:

Stunting/short stature is more prevalent among low-income, low-education and indigenous populations in all age groups. In contrast, overweight/obesity is more prevalent in high-income, high-education and non-indigenous populations in all age groups. These outcomes demonstrate socio-economic and ethnic disparities for malnutrition in all its forms.
Confusion and nutritional backlash from news media exposure to contradictory information about carbohydrates and dietary fats
Authors: Clark Danielle , Nagler Rebekah H , Niederdeppe Jeff
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To test the effect of news media exposure to contradictory information about carbohydrates and dietary fats on levels of confusion, nutritional backlash and dietary intentions.

Design:

We conducted an online survey experiment between 11 and 28 February 2018, randomizing participants to one of six experimental conditions. Two ‘contradictory information’ conditions asked participants to read one news article on the risks of a low-carbohydrate diet and one article on the risks of a low-fat diet. Two ‘convergent information’ conditions asked participants to read two articles with similar information on the risks of one of these two diets. A fifth ‘established health recommendations’ control condition asked participants to read two articles on the harms of smoking and sun exposure. A sixth ‘no information’ condition served as a second control group. We used general linear models to test hypotheses on the effects of exposure on confusion, nutritional backlash and dietary intentions.

Setting:

USA.

Participants:

Adults (n 901) registered with Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (M-Turk).

Results:

Exposure to contradictory information about carbohydrates and dietary fats increased confusion and nutritional backlash compared with exposure to established health recommendations for non-dietary behaviours and a no-exposure control. Exposure to contradictory information also increased confusion compared with exposure to consistent nutrition information regarding carbohydrates and dietary fats.

Conclusions:

Contradictory nutrition information in the news media can negatively affect consumers’ attitudes, beliefs and behavioural intentions. Dietary debates that play out in the media may adversely influence both short-term dietary decisions and future efforts to communicate about unrelated nutrition issues.
It takes two to Tango: the difficult Japan–South Korea relations as clash of realities
Authors: Tamaki Taku
Published: October 2019

Why do Japan–South Korea relations remain tense despite repeated efforts to overcome the past? Elite narratives in Japan and South Korea reify the bilateral relationship as a difficult problem. For the Japanese policy elites, the difficulty is due to South Korean unwillingness to embrace a future-oriented relationship; whereas for the South Korean policy elites, the source of the problem is the unwillingness of the Japanese to sincerely address past wrong-doing. The result is a self-fulfilling prophecy of an intractable mutual misapprehension, suggesting that the difficult relationship is here to stay. I analyse pronouncements by both the Japanese and South Korean policy elites appearing in official documents and media reports for clues into the manner in which the bilateral relationship is reified into a difficulty purportedly due to the recalcitrance of the neighbour. The narratives consistently show that both the Japanese and South Korean policy elites consider the onus of improvement lies with the troublesome/insincere neighbour. In short, the bilateral relationship is a clash of realities, with the logical conclusion being that the difficult relationship will persist for the foreseeable future.
The Anglo-American misconception of stockholders as ‘owners’ and ‘members’: its origins and consequences
Authors: Ciepley David
Published: October 2019

That stockholders “own” the corporation and are its “members,” are assumptions deeply embedded in Anglo-American treatments of the business corporation. They are also principal supports of the policy of “shareholder primacy” and, in the United States, of the corporate claim to constitutional rights. This article critiques these assumptions, while also explaining why they took hold. Among several reasons for this, the primary explanation is to be found in the peculiar parentage of England's first major business corporation, the English East India Company (EIC). The EIC did not begin its life as a true business corporation, but as a cross between a guild (a form of member corporation) and a joint stock company (a form of partnership). In the transition to a unified business corporation, its stockholders inherited the monikers of “member” and “owner” from their guild and partner forebears. This mis-description set the legal mold for all subsequent Anglo-American treatments of stockholders.
The role of freedom of expression in the construction of historical memory
Authors: Gallego Germán Parra
Published: October 2019

The construction of historical memory is closely linked to the guarantees provided by the right to freedom of expression. This right ensures that victims and society in general are able to speak about the past, narrate their own stories, and call for and influence social discussion and institutional reform. Mechanisms such as access to State archives, participation in the media, journalistic coverage of armed conflicts and the free flow of stories, artistic endeavours, criticisms and condemnations empower victims and the rest of society in the construction of alternative narratives and independent memories. This article examines case law of the Inter-American System of Human Rights that elaborates on freedom of expression, and considers its importance for the construction of historical memory. It also touches upon some decisions taken by the Colombian high courts, relevant to a context in which mechanisms of transitional justice have recently been implemented.
A new customised placental weight standard redefines the relationship between maternal obesity and extremes of placental size and is more closely associated with pregnancy complications than an existing population standard
Authors: Wallace Jacqueline M. , Agard Joeleita P. , Horgan Graham W.
Published: October 2019

Placental weight is a valuable indicator of its function, predicting both pregnancy outcome and lifelong health. Population-based centile charts of weight-for-gestational-age and parity are useful for identifying extremes of placental weight but fail to consider maternal size. To address this deficit, a multiple regression model was fitted to derive coefficients for predicting normal placental weight using records from healthy pregnancies of nulliparous/multiparous women of differing height and weight (n = 107,170 deliveries, 37–43 weeks gestation). The difference between actual and predicted placental weight generated a z-score/individual centile for the entire cohort including women with pregnancy complications (n = 121,591). The association between maternal BMI and placental weight extremes defined by the new customised versus population-based standard was investigated by logistic regression, as was the association between low placental weight and pregnancy complications. Underweight women had a greater risk of low placental weight [<10thcentile, OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.66, 2.05)] and obese women had a greater risk of high placental weight [>90th centile, OR 1.98 (95% CI 1.88, 2.10)] using a population standard. After customisation, the risk of high placental weight in obese/morbidly obese women was attenuated [OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.09, 1.25)]/no longer significant, while their risk of low placental weight was 59%–129% higher (P < 0.001). The customised placental weight standard was more closely associated with stillbirth, hypertensive disease, placental abruption and neonatal death than the population standard. Our customised placental weight standard reveals higher risk of relative placental growth restriction leading to lower than expected birthweights in obese women, and a stronger association between low placental weight and pregnancy complications generally. Further, it provides an alternative tool for defining placental weight extremes with implications for the placental programming of chronic disease.
Dry bean response to preemergence flumioxazin
Authors: Adjesiwor Albert T. , Claypool David A. , Kniss Andrew R.
Published: October 2019

Field studies were conducted from 2009 through 2011 at the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center near Lingle, Wyoming, to evaluate great northern bean response to PRE flumioxazin mixed with either trifluralin, pendimethalin, or ethalfluralin. Seven treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three or four replicates y−1. The soil texture of the study site was loam in 2009 and 2011, and sandy loam in 2010. Soil organic matter ranged from 1.4% to 1.8%. Treatments included flumioxazin plus trifluralin, flumioxazin plus pendimethalin, flumioxazin plus ethalfluralin, ethalfluralin plus EPTC, imazamox plus bentazon (POST), hand-weeded control, and nontreated control. Dry bean density 4 wk after planting differed among herbicide treatments (P < 0.001). Treatments that included flumioxazin reduced dry bean density 54% compared with treatments without flumioxazin. Dry bean yield was influenced by dry bean density; on average, yield in flumioxazin-containing herbicide treatments was 30% less than treatments not containing flumioxazin, even though weed control was generally greater in flumioxazin treatments.
Fertilizer placement affects growth and reproduction of three common weed species in pine bark–based soilless nursery substrates
Authors: Saha Debalina , Marble S. Christopher , Torres Nelmaris , Chandler Annette
Published: October 2019

Weed management in container crops is primarily accomplished through frequent PRE herbicide applications and supplemental hand weeding. However, many ornamental species are sensitive to herbicides, and a significant number of tropical plants, ornamental grasses, and foliage crops have not been screened for herbicide tolerance. As nursery crops are produced in inert substrates that are largely composed of bark or peat, strategic fertilizer placement has the potential to significantly reduce weed growth in container-grown ornamentals. Growth and reproduction of three common container nursery weed species, eclipta [Eclipta prostrata(L.) L.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], and spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculataL.), were evaluated following fertilization via alternative methods, including subdressing or dibbling in comparison with industry standard practices of topdressing or incorporating a controlled-release fertilizer (17-5-11 [8 to 9 mo.]) to each 3.8-L container at 36.5 g per container. Fertilizer placement had little to no effect on germination ofEclipta prostrataorD. sanguinalis, but incorporation increasedE. maculatagermination by 77% to 183% compared with other placements or a nonfertilized control. Subdressing reduced seed production by 94%, 63%, and 92% forEclipta prostrata,D. sanguinalis, andE. maculata, respectively, compared with the average number of seeds produced in the conventional placement methods (average of incorporation and topdressing). Dibbling fertilizer resulted in similar decreases in the case ofD. sanguinalisandE. maculata, whileEclipta prostrataproduced no seeds when fertilizer was dibbled. Similar to reductions observed in reproduction, subdressing fertilizer resulted in biomass decreases of 90%, 81%, and 85% compared with the average biomass of the incorporation and topdressed placements. Results suggest alternative fertilizer placements could be implemented as part of an integrated weed management program in container production to reduce weed growth.
Wenn den Zappelphilipp die Aufschieberitis packt: Zusammenhänge zwischen ADHS-Symptomen und Prokrastination und mögliche Mediatoren
Authors: Schmiedeler Sandra , Khambatta Kay , Hartmann Julia , Niklas Frank
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- / Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) scheint mit prokrastinierendem Verhalten in Verbindung zu stehen und beides kann den individuellen Bildungserfolg beeinträchtigen. Weitere Studien weisen zudem auf Zusammenhänge zwischen den beiden Konstrukten und Selbstkontrolle sowie Perfektionismus hin. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde anhand von zwei verschiedenen Stichproben ( N gesamt = 762) untersucht, ob Zusammenhänge zwischen ADHS-Symptomen und Prokrastination bestehen und ob diese Zusammenhänge durch Selbstkontrolle und Perfektionismus mediiert werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen positive Assoziationen zwischen Prokrastination und den ADHS-Subskalen für beide Stichproben (Unaufmerksamkeit: r = .67 bzw. r = .66; Hyperaktivität / Impulsivität: r = .35 bzw. r = 0.22). Dabei wurden indirekte Effekte von der ADHS-Gesamtskala sowie den beiden Subskalen Unaufmerksamkeit und Hyperaktivität / Impulsivität auf Prokrastination über Selbstkontrolle deutlich. Zudem zeigte sich ein indirekter Effekt von Hyperaktivität / Impulsivität auf Prokrastination über sozial vorgeschriebenen Perfektionismus. Ein Teil des Zusammenhangs zwischen ADHS-Symptomen und Prokrastination kann demnach durch indirekte Effekte über dritte Konstrukte erklärt werden.
Macrostructural Narrative Skills of Monolingual and Simultaneously Bilingual Preschoolers
Authors: Wehmeier Carina Marie
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This article compares the development of macrostructural narrative skills of monolingual and simultaneously bilingual preschoolers in telling a picture story. It also addresses the connections between macrostructural narrative skills, receptive and productive language skills (LiSe DaZ), and auditory perception and processing skills (HASE). The narrative skills were collected using the Baby Birds picture story of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) and analyzed regarding the macrostructural components of story structure, story complexity, and story comprehension. This contribution includes data from 229 monolingual and 76 simultaneously bilingual children. The comparison of the three age groups (4;6 – 4;11, 5;0 – 5;5, 5;6 – 5;11 years) indicates significant developmental increases in the performance of monolingual children regarding story structure, story complexity, and story comprehension, while no clear age trends are apparent for the simultaneously bilingual children. Correlations are found for the story structure and story comprehension of monolingual and simultaneously bilingual children with individual receptive language skills and language-processing skills.
Alltagsintegrierte Sprachförderung im Kindergarten
Authors: Frick Eva , Zumtobel Martina
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Beherrschung der Bildungssprache Deutsch ist unabdingbar für eine erfolgreiche Schullaufbahn. Wie pädagogische Fachpersonen in der Praxis Sprache verwenden und einsetzen, beeinflusst die Entwicklung der sprachlichen Kompetenzen bei Kindern. Eine entsprechende Förderung, um die deutschsprachigen Kompetenzen von Kindern mit Deutsch als Zweitsprache zu verbessern, ist spätestens im Kindergarten – als erste Bildungsinstitution – notwendig. Durch entsprechend qualifiziertes, pädagogisches Personal kann alltagsintegrierte Sprachförderung wirksam werden. Kenntnis und Anwendung der Strategien alltagsintegrierter Sprachförderung sind dafür unabdingbar. Sprachverwendung und sprachlicher Input sind dabei die ausschlaggebenden Faktoren, um als Sprachvorbilder zu gelten, denn gerade die Verwendung dieser Strategien bietet sich an, um Kinder mit Deutsch als Zweitsprache bei der Entwicklung ihrer sprachlichen Kompetenz in Deutsch zu unterstützen. Dies in Zusammenhang mit dem Einsatz der Strategien alltagsintegrierter Sprachförderung ist förderlich für die Entwicklung der sprachlichen Kompetenzen der Kinder in Deutsch. Welche Strategien alltagsintegrierter Sprachförderung bisher in Kindergärten angewandt werden und wie oft steht im Fokus dieser Untersuchung.
Evidence of a Processing Advantage for Deservingness-Relevant	Information
Authors: Hafer Carolyn L. , Drolet Caroline E. , Davis Emily E. , Segalowitz Sidney J. , Shulman Elizabeth P.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We investigated processing speed for deservingness-relevant versus deservingness-irrelevant information. Female students read stories involving deserved, undeserved, or neutral outcomes. We recorded participants’ reaction time (RT) in processing the outcomes. We also measured individual differences in “belief in a just world” as a proxy for deservingness schematicity. RTs for deserved and undeserved outcomes were faster than for neutral outcomes, B = −8.45, p = .011, an effect that increased the stronger the belief in a just world (e.g., B = −3.18, p = .006). These findings provide novel evidence that the construct of deservingness is central in human social relations, and suggest both universal and particularistic schemas for deservingness.
Implications of indoor microbial ecology and evolution on antibiotic resistance
Authors: Ben Maamar Sarah , Hu Jinglin , Hartmann Erica M.
Published: October 2019

The indoor environment is an important source of microbial exposures for its human occupants. While we naturally want to favor positive health outcomes, built environment design and operation may counter-intuitively favor negative health outcomes, particularly with regard to antibiotic resistance. Indoor environments contain microbes from both human and non-human origins, providing a unique venue for microbial interactions, including horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, stressors present in the built environment could favor the exchange of genetic material in general and the retention of antibiotic resistance genes in particular. Intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance both pose a potential threat to human health; these phenomena need to be considered and controlled separately. The presence of both environmental and human-associated microbes, along with their associated antibiotic resistance genes, in the face of stressors, including antimicrobial chemicals, creates a unique opportunity for the undesirable spread of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we summarize studies and findings related to various interactions between human-associated bacteria, environmental bacteria, and built environment conditions, and particularly their relation to antibiotic resistance, aiming to guide “healthy” building design.
Pruning chemicals from the green building landscape
Authors: Goodwin Robbins Lisa J. , Rodgers Kathryn M. , Walsh Bill , Ain Rachelle , Dodson Robin E.
Published: October 2019

Green building design has substantially minimized environmental impacts by reducing energy consumption compared with traditional buildings. Yet, it is not uncommon for a green building to meet the highest criteria for energy efficiency and be built with materials that contain chemicals hazardous to occupant health. Because of this discrepancy in achieving holistic sustainability, the architecture/engineering/construction (AEC) industry has never been more interested in occupant health and well-being than it is today. At the same time, numerous scientific studies have documented exposures to and associated health effects of chemicals used in building materials. Opportunities to translate environmental health research so that it is useful to the AEC community exist across the landscape of healthier buildings. For example, research can be conducted to prioritize building material and chemical combinations to demonstrate how green building certification systems, government building codes, and the building products marketplace can increase energy performance while also addressing the greatest chemical exposures and health impacts. In order for scientific research to be used to create and support healthier environments, researchers should design and translate their research with this landscape in mind and should consider experts in the AEC industry as ambassadors for change. We provide key examples of how scientists have promoted healthy building practices and highlight additional research opportunities.
ADP secreted by dying melanoma cells mediates chemotaxis and chemokine secretion of macrophages via the purinergic receptor P2Y12
Authors: Kloss Loreen , Dollt Claudia , Schledzewski Kai , Krewer Andreas , Melchers Susanne , Manta Calin , Sticht Carsten , Torre Carolina de la , Utikal Jochen , Umansky Viktor , Schmieder Astrid
Published: October 2019

Melanoma immunotherapy is still not satisfactory due to immunosuppressive cell populations within the tumor stroma. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can help to restore an anti-tumor immunity. Previously, we could show that classical TAM markers expressed in vivo need a 7 day M-CSF/dexamethasone/IL-4 (MDI) stimulation for their induction in peripheral blood monocytes (pBM) in vitro. To identify possible novel therapeutic targets on TAM, gene expression analysis of MDI-treated pBM was performed. This identified up-regulation of the purinergic G-protein coupled receptor P2Y12, the therapeutic target of the clinically approved anti-thrombotic drugs cangrelor, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel. We generated a peptide antibody and validated its specificity using transgenic P2Y12+ U937 cells. With the help of this antibody, P2Y12 expression was confirmed on CD68+ CD163+ TAM of melanoma in situ. Functional analysis revealed that treatment of transgenic P2Y12+ U937 cells with the receptor agonist 2-MeSADP induced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation and increased the secretion of the chemokines CXCL2, CXCL7, and CXCL8. These effects could be abolished with the P2Y12 antagonist PSB0739 or with Akt and ERK inhibitors. In addition, P2Y12+ macrophages migrated towards the ADP-rich culture medium of puromycin-treated dying B16F1 melanoma cells. Cangrelor treatment blocked migration. Taken together, our results indicate that P2Y12 is an important chemotaxis receptor, which triggers migration of macrophages towards nucleotide-rich, necrotic tumor areas, and modulates the inflammatory environment upon ADP binding.
d-a-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate and a small-molecule Survivin suppressant synergistically induce apoptosis in SKBR3 breast cancer cells
Authors: Neophytou Christiana M. , Mesaritis Avgoustinos , Gregoriou Gregoria , Constantinou Andreas I.
Published: October 2019

Breast cancer is the second in mortality rate malignancy among women. Despite the many advances in breast cancer treatment, there is still a need to improve drug efficacy and reduce non-specific effects. D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) is frequently used in the development of drug delivery systems to improve the pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drugs and reduce multi-drug resistance. We have previously shown that TPGS not only acts as a carrier molecule but also exerts anti-cancer effects. As part of this study, we investigated the effect of TPGS with YM155, a small molecule suppressant of Survivin, in various breast cancer cell lines representing different subtypes of the disease. We aimed to evaluate the presumed synergistic effect of the TPGS-YM155 combination and reveal its mechanism of action. Our results show that the TPGS-YM155 combination acts synergistically to reduce specifically the viability of SKBR3 cells. The combination of these agents reduced activation of the AKT pathway, decreased Survivin and Bcl-2 levels, and induced caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Importantly, the TPGS-YM155 combination did not significantly affect the viability of MCF-10A normal immortalized cells. In conclusion, the combination of YM155 and TPGS could be a promising approach against SKBR3-type breast cancer.
Probing the structure and electronic properties of beryllium doped boron clusters: A planar BeB16− cluster motif for metallo-borophene
Authors: Kang Dongliang , Sun Weiguo , Shi Hongxiao , Lu Cheng , Kuang Xiaoyu , Chen Bole , Xia Xinxin , Maroulis George
Published: October 2019

Beryllium-doped boron clusters display essential similarities to borophene (boron sheet) with a molecular structure characterized by remarkable properties, such as anisotropy, metallicity and high conductivity. Here we have determined low-energy structures of BeBn0/− (n = 10–20) clusters by utilizing CALYPSO searching program and DFT optimization. The results indicated that most ground states of clusters prefer plane or quasi-plane structures by doped Be atom. A novel unexpected fascinating planar BeB16− cluster with C2v symmetry is uncovered which possesses robust relative stability. Furthermore, planar BeB16− offers a possibility to construct metallo-borophene nano-materials. Molecular orbital and chemical bonding analysis reveal the peculiarities of BeB16− cluster brings forth the aromaticity and the strong interaction of B-B σ-bonds in boron network.
Enantiomer-selective sensing and the light response of chiral molecules coated with a persistent luminescent material
Authors: Zhang Wenyan , Li Jing , Lu Gongxuan , Guan Hangmin , Hao Lingyun
Published: October 2019

A ternary “architecture” was designed by combining the advantages of the chiral induced spin selectivity effect with persistent luminescent materials, for the chiral sensing of l-arginine and d-arginine enantiomers in an electrochemical cell.
Insight into the effect of additives widely used in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Duangdangchote Salatan , Krittayavathananon Atiweena , Phattharasupakun Nutthaphon , Joraleechanchai Nattanon , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: October 2019

The interaction between Li anode and LiNO3 can form LixNOy clusters, which can protect the Li anode and suppress the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides via the dipole–dipole interaction namely.
Defective glycerolatocobalt(ii) for enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: He Junying , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin
Published: October 2019

Ar plasma was adopted to create a defective glycerolatocobalt(ii) with rich coordinatively unsaturated metal sites as an effective OER catalyst.
Ultramacrocyclization via selective catenation in water
Authors: Chen Qiong , Chen Liang , Wang Cai-Yun , Jiao Tianyu , Pan Yuanjiang , Li Hao
Published: October 2019

A set of two cyclic [2]catenane dimers were self-assembled in aqueous media via selective hydrazone condensation, by means of either one-pot or post-functionalization procedures.
Visible light induced redox neutral fragmentation of 1,2-diol derivatives
Authors: Chen Kang , Schwarz Johanna , Karl Tobias A. , Chatterjee Anamitra , König Burkhard
Published: October 2019

Photo/HAT dual catalytic redox-neutral reaction no stoichiometric external reductants required.
Brexpiprazole–catechol cocrystal: structure elucidation, excipient compatibility and stability
Authors: Arabiani Mohsin R. , K Bal Raju , Bhunia Surojit , Teja Pyla Kranthi , Lodagekar Anurag , Chavan Rahul B. , Shastri Nalini R. , Reddy C. Malla , Shelat Pragna , Dave Divyang
Published: October 2019

Cocrystallization improved the stability of the brexpiprazole.
Mechanistic insight into electroreduction of carbon dioxide on FeNx(x= 0–4) embedded graphene
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Tian Yu , Wang Yuelin , Yan Likai , Su Zhongmin
Published: October 2019

In this work, the catalytic performance of FeNx–gra (x= 0–4) towards CO2ER was investigated. Based on the computed free energy profiles of CO2ER on FeNx–gra (x= 0–4), FeN3–gra exhibits considerably low overpotential for CH3OH and CH4generation.
Dependence of electron transfer dynamics on the number of graphene layers in π-stacked 2D materials: insights from ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics
Authors: Mehdipour Hamid , Smith Brendan A. , Rezakhani Ali T. , Tafreshi Saeedeh S. , de Leeuw Nora H. , Prezhdo Oleg V. , Moshfegh Alireza Z. , Akimov Alexey V.
Published: October 2019

Time-resolved simulation study has been carried out to explain anti-Fermi Golden rule order of charge transfer rates measured at the interfaces of Zn-phthalocyanine molecule with single-layer graphene and double-layer graphene.
An accurate full-dimensional permutationally invariant potential energy surface for the interaction between H2O and CO
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Jun
Published: October 2019

The first full-dimensional accurate potential energy surface was developed for the CO + H2O system based onca.102 000 points calculated at the CCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ level using a permutation invariant polynomial-neural network (PIP-NN) method.
Control defeasance by anti-alignment in the excited state
Authors: Chang Bo Y. , Shin Seokmin , González-Vázquez Jesús , Martín Fernando , Malinovsky Vladimir S. , Sola Ignacio R.
Published: October 2019

We predict anti-alignment dynamics in the excited state of H2+ or related homonuclear dimers in the presence of a strong field.
Surface strategies for catalytic CO2reduction: from two-dimensional materials to nanoclusters to single atoms
Authors: Wang Liming , Chen Wenlong , Zhang Doudou , Du Yaping , Amal Rose , Qiao Shizhang , Wu Jianbo , Yin Zongyou
Published: October 2019

This work constructively reviewed and predicted the surface strategies for catalytic CO2reduction with 2D material, nanocluster and single-atom catalysts
Novel phosphorescent triptycene-based Ir(iii) complexes for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Yue , Xiao Yu-Ping , Zhou Yue-Yue , Hu Cheng-Gui , Tong Bi-Hai , Ye Shang-Hui , Mei Qun-Bo
Published: October 2019

OLED based on triptycene complex 6 shows promising efficiencies of 12.6% and 41.2 cd A−1 which are 31% higher than that of the parent complex.
An iron-doped cobalt phosphide nano-electrocatalyst derived from a metal–organic framework for efficient water splitting
Authors: Lin Can , Wang Pengyan , Jin Huihui , Zhao Jiahuan , Chen Ding , Liu Suli , Zhang Chengtian , Mu Shichun
Published: October 2019

Fe0.27Co0.73P NPs exhibit excellent oxygen evolution reaction activity, which is even higher than that exhibited by the commercial IrO2 and the most recently reported transition metal-based electrocatalysts.
Mechanochemical preparation of piezoelectric nanomaterials: BN, MoS2 and WS2 2D materials and their glycine-cocrystals
Authors: González Viviana Jehová , Rodríguez Antonio M. , Payo Ismael , Vázquez Ester
Published: October 2019

Different 2D-layered materials of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as boron nitride (BN) or molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) have been theorised to have piezoelectric behaviour.
A new enantioselective synthesis of antiobesity drug lorcaserin
Authors: Ghotekar Ganesh S. , More Devidas A. , Nalla Viswanadh , Muthukrishnan M.
Published: October 2019

A simple and efficient enantioselective synthesis of anti-obesity drug lorcaerin starting from easily accessible 3-chlorostyrene oxide has been described for the first time employing hydrolytic kinetic resolution as a source of chirality.
Driving factors in amiloride recognition of HIV RNA targets
Authors: Patwardhan Neeraj N. , Cai Zhengguo , Umuhire Juru Aline , Hargrove Amanda E.
Published: October 2019

RNA profiling reveals key contributors to affinity and selectivity in amiloride : RNA interactions, including a predictive model for ESSV recognition.
Criticality in elastoplastic models of amorphous solids with stress-dependent yielding rates
Authors: Ferrero E. E. , Jagla E. A.
Published: October 2019

Elastoplastic models are analyzed at the yielding transition. Universality and critical exponents are discussed. The flowcurve exponent happens to be sensitive to the local yielding rule. An alternative mean-field description of yielding is explained.
Tunable fabrication of concave microlens arrays by initiative cooling-based water droplet condensation
Authors: Mei Luyao , Wang Guangxu , Deng Jia , Xiao Junfeng , Guo Xing
Published: October 2019

Microlens arrays (MLAs), as one of the key features in the optoelectronics field, have attracted a lot of attention recently. We fabricate concave MLAs with different morphology parameters of diameter, cross-sectional profile and packing distance.
How Vocal Emotions Produced by Children With Cochlear Implants Are Perceived by Their Hearing Peers
Authors: Damm Sara A. , Sis Jenni L. , Kulkarni Aditya M. , Chatterjee Monita
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Cochlear implants (CIs) transmit a degraded version of the acoustic input to the listener. This impacts the perception of harmonic pitch, resulting in deficits in the perception of voice features critical to speech prosody. Such deficits may relate to changes in how children with CIs (CCIs) learn to produce vocal emotions. The purpose of this study was to investigate happy and sad emotional speech productions by school-age CCIs, compared to productions by children with normal hearing (NH), postlingually deaf adults with CIs, and adults with NH.

Method

All individuals recorded the same emotion-neutral sentences in a happy manner and a sad manner. These recordings were then used as stimuli in an emotion recognition task performed by child and adult listeners with NH. Their performance was taken as a measure of how well the 4 groups of talkers communicated the 2 emotions.

Results

Results showed high variability in the identifiability of emotions produced by CCIs, relative to other groups. Some CCIs produced highly identifiable emotions, while others showed deficits. The postlingually deaf adults with CIs produced highly identifiable emotions and relatively small intersubject variability. Age at implantation was found to be a significant predictor of performance by CCIs. In addition, the NH listeners' age predicted how well they could identify the emotions produced by CCIs. Thus, older NH child listeners were better able to identify the CCIs' intended emotions than younger NH child listeners. In contrast to the deficits in their emotion productions, CCIs produced highly intelligible words in the sentences carrying the emotions.

Conclusions

These results confirm previous findings showing deficits in CCIs' productions of prosodic cues and indicate that early auditory experience plays an important role in vocal emotion productions by individuals with CIs.
Surgical Management of Patients With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Jackson Oksana A. , Kaye Alison E.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this tutorial was to describe the surgical management of palate-related abnormalities associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Craniofacial differences in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome may include overt or occult clefting of the palate and/or lip along with oropharyngeal variances that may lead to velopharyngeal dysfunction. This chapter will describe these circumstances, including incidence, diagnosis, and indications for surgical intervention. Speech assessment and imaging of the velopharyngeal system will be discussed as it relates to preoperative evaluation and surgical decision making. Important for patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is appropriate preoperative screening to assess for internal carotid artery positioning, cervical spine abnormalities, and obstructive sleep apnea. Timing of surgery as well as different techniques, common complications, and outcomes will also be discussed.

Conclusion

Management of velopharyngeal dysfunction in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is challenging and requires thoughtful preoperative assessment and planning as well as a careful surgical technique.
Single‐ended line protection for MMC‐MTDC grids
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zou Guibin , Huang Qiang , Xu Bin , Li Jun
Published: October 2019

This study proposes a novel non‐unit line protection for modular multilevel converter‐based (MMC) multi‐terminal high‐voltage direct current (MTDC) grids. On the basis of the symmetrical component analysis, the initial values of positive‐sequence voltage travelling waves (PSVTWs) generated by the fault are first investigated. Then, according to the TW theory and the inherent composition of the primary equipment of MMC‐MTDC grids, the initial values of PSVTWs on both sides of the series inductor are obtained in Laplace domain. Moreover, a fast fault line protection based on the positive‐sequence voltage on the series inductor at the line terminal is proposed. Besides, the method of the protection threshold determination is elaborated and is independent of simulation. Finally, extensive simulation studies are carried out in a four‐terminal MMC‐MTDC grid. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed line protection method.
A hierarchy of non-equilibrium two-phase flow models
Authors: Linga Gaute , Flåtten Tore
Published: October 2019

We review and extend a hierarchy of relaxation models for two-phase flow. The models are derived from the non-equilibrium Baer–Nunziato model, which is endowed with relaxation source terms to drive it towards equilibrium. The source terms cause transfer of volume, heat, mass and momentum due to differences between the phases in pressure, temperature, chemical potential and velocity, respectively. In the context of two-phase flow models, the subcharacteristic condition implies that the sound speed of an equilibrium system can never exceed that of the relaxation system. Here, previous work by Flåtten and Lund [Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 21 (12), 2011, 2379–2407] and Lund [SIAM J. Appl. Math. 72, 2012, 1713–1741] is extended to encompass two-fluid models, i.e. models with separately governed velocities for the two phases. Each remaining model in the hierarchy is derived, and analytical expressions for the sound speeds are presented. Given only physically fundamental assumptions, the subcharacteristic condition is shown to be satisfied in the entire hierarchy, either in a weak or in a strong sense.
Digitalisierung in der PRM
Authors: Krischak Gert
Published: October 2019

Für viele ist sie bereits alltägliche Gewohnheit, für andere eine immer bedrohlicher werdende Entwicklung: Die Digitalisierung. In unserem Land der Entwickler und Tüftler, der Exportweltmeister und eines sehr gesunden Selbstbewusstseins von Made in Germany landen wir, was die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens betrifft, auf den hinteren Plätzen 1. Während in Dänemark, Spanien und v. a. Estland bereits gut funktionierende Strukturen von Vernetzung im Gesundheitssystem bestehen, können wir in Deutschland von solchen Einrichtungen, mit Ausnahme einiger regionaler Modellprojekte und Start-Ups, nur träumen. Nun scheint die Gesundheitspolitik aber endlich Initiative zu ergreifen und Verantwortung für nationale Standards und zentralisierte Prozesse für die Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen zu übernehmen.